jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A concerted increase in readthrough and intron retention drives transposon expression during aging and senescence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aging and senescence are characterized by pervasive transcriptional dysfunction, including increased expression of transposons and introns. Our aim was to elucidate mechanisms behind this increased expression. Most transposons are found within genes and introns, with a large minority being close to genes. This raises the possibility that transcriptional readthrough and intron retention are responsible for age-related changes in transposon expression rather than expression of autonomous transposons. To test this, we compiled public RNA-seq datasets from aged human fibroblasts, replicative and drug-induced senescence in human cells and RNA-seq from aging mice and senescent mouse cells. Indeed, our reanalysis revealed a correlation between transposons expression, intron retention and transcriptional readthrough across samples and within samples. Both intron retention and readthrough increased with aging or cellular senescence and these transcriptional defects were more pronounced in human samples as compared to those of mice. In support of a causal connection between readthrough and transposon expression, analysis of models showing induced transcriptional readthrough confirmed that they also show elevated transposon expression. Taken together, our data shows that elevated transposon reads during aging seen in various RNA-seq dataset are concomitant with multiple transcriptional defects. Intron retention and transcriptional readthrough are the most likely explanation for the expression of transposable elements that lack a functional promoter.
Optimization of media and gamma rays conditions for somatic embryogenesis in Basmati rice.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An attempt was made to characterize the effects of different media in combination with gamma rays for somatic embryogenesis in Basmati rice cv. Basmati 370. Among LS, MS, N6 and B5 media modified with different concentrations of 2, 4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), MS and LS medium yielded similar callus induction frequency (65% and 63% respectively) when supplemented with 2, 4-D, 2.0 mg l. Of the six radiation doses applied to embryogenic calli, 4.0 kR of gamma rays stimulated the somatic embryogenesis thereby exhibiting 80% regeneration frequency in MS regeneration medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l Kinetin and 1.0 mg l NAA as compared to non-irradiated embryogenic calli which showed 64% regeneration frequency in the same regeneration medium. The proposed studies revealed that integrated use of in vitro techniques coupled with induced mutations could effectively be used to enhance somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in rice.
A camera-based system for highly accurate 3D displacement field measurement and contactless force sensing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

© 2019 IEEE. Recent advances in digital image correlation (DIC) techniques now enable full-field measurements of surface shape and deformation using relatively inexpensive camera systems. Yet, established methods are not without limitations, exhibiting only modest accuracy and considerable sensitivity to noise effects. In order to address this, we have developed an advanced computer vision toolbox with which it is possible to accurately detect three-dimensional (3D) surface displacements to a practical resolution of 10 \\mu \\mathrm{m} over a field of view of approximately \\rm{150 mm \\times 150 mm}. By taking advantage of a high-resolution subpixel image registration algorithm and a stereoscopic imaging system, a methodological basis for a highly accurate and comprehensive deformation analysis is presented. This was demonstrated by the application of known forces to a simple cantilever structure while measuring resultant surface deformations. Measurements were then compared with expected displacement values predicted by analytical calculations as well as a finite element model. Comparisons showed our measurements were within 120 \\mu \\mathrm{m} of model predictions. Subsequently, we propose a method of non-contact force-sensing by exploiting the relationship between known applied forces and acquired displacement data. For our dataset, the system was able to predict force to within 0.38 %.
Data from Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Mediated Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising alternative to conventional treatment, yet systemic delivery of these viruses to tumors remains a major challenge. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with well-established tumor-homing property could serve as a promising systemic delivery tool. We showed that MSCs could be effectively infected by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeted oncolytic adenovirus (HCC-oAd) through modification of the virus' fiber domain and that the virus replicated efficiently in the cell carrier. HCC-targeting oAd loaded in MSCs (HCC-oAd/MSC) effectively lysed HCC cells <i>in vitro</i> under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions as a result of the hypoxia responsiveness of HCC-oAd. Importantly, systemically administered HCC-oAd/MSC, which were initially infected with a low viral dose, homed to HCC tumors and resulted in a high level of virion accumulation in the tumors, ultimately leading to potent tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, viral dose reduction and tumor localization of HCC-oAd/MSC prevented the induction of hepatotoxicity by attenuating HCC-oAd hepatic accumulation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MSC-mediated systemic delivery of oAd is a promising strategy for achieving synergistic antitumor efficacy with improved safety profiles.</p>Significance:<p>Mesenchymal stem cells enable delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus specifically to the tumor without posing any risk associated with systemic administration of naked virions to the host.</p></div>
QoE estimation for different adaptive streaming techniques in mobile networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video services are becoming more and more popular for mobile network users and require greater and greater resources and provisions from telecommunications service providers. But operators suffer from problems of interoperability between the different adaptive transmissions techniques they employ in an attempt to satisfy the quality of experience (QoE) of the service provided to users and improve network performance. This article presents a comparison of four such streaming techniques - DASH (dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP), HDS (HTTP dynamic streaming), HLS (HTTP2 live streaming) and HSS (HTTP smooth streaming) - used in a live video playback by a user in different test scenarios on an emulated long-term evolution (LTE) network. Comparison of performance was carried out using the mean opinion score (MOS) metric calculated based on ITU-T Recommendation P.1203. The streaming techniques that performed best in each of the different test scenarios are revealed.
RNA epigenetic modifications in ovarian cancer: The changes, chances, and challenges

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common female cancer worldwide. Patients with OC have high mortality because of its complex and poorly understood pathogenesis. RNA epigenetic modifications, such as m 6 A, m 1 A, and m 5 C, are closely associated with the occurrence and development of OC. RNA modifications can affect the stability of mRNA transcripts, nuclear export of RNAs, translation efficiency, and decoding accuracy. However, there are few overviews that summarize the link between m 6 A RNA modification and OC. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular functions of different RNA modifications and how their regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of OC. By improving our understanding of the role of RNA modifications in the etiology of OC, we provide new perspectives for their use in OC diagnosis and treatment. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Outcomes after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in occluded vascular access used for dialysis purposes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy using the AngioJet™ system can be considered to reestablish patency in occluded vascular access. The aim of this study was to review our results for endovascular mechanical thrombectomy using the AngioJet™ system in patients with arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) and arteriovenous grafts (AVG). Methods Data collected in a database of patients requiring hemodialysis for renal failure were analyzed. Patients who underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy procedures with the AngioJet™ system for occlusion of vascular access were included. Clinical and technical success rates and patency rates were calculated. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors of influence. Results A total of 92 AngioJet™ procedures in 60 patients with thrombosed vascular access were reviewed during a mean follow‐up period of 21.5 months in patients with an AVF and 11.9 months in patients with an AVG. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 92.6% of AVF cases and 92.0 and 90.8% of AVG cases with an AVG, respectively. Significantly higher primary and primary‐assisted patency rates were observed in the AVF group. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that left‐sided vascular access and female sex were independent predictors for failure regarding primary patency in AVG patients. Immunosuppressive drugs and older age were negative predictors for secondary patency in AVG patients. Conclusions The AngioJet™ system can be deemed an effective technique to reestablish patency in occluded vascular access with minimal use of central venous catheters for dialysis. Good technical and clinical success rates were achieved with acceptable patency rates, especially in AVF patients.
Clinical Rhinology: An International Journal, September-December 2009;2(3):1-4 1 Alar Batten Grafts for Non-iatrogenic Nasal Valve Area/Alar Collapse Alar Batten Grafts for Non-iatrogenic Nasal Valve Area/Alar Collapse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: We present our 3 years experience with alar batten grafts, using a modified technique, for non-iatrogenic nasal valve/alar collapse.
Clinical comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with domestic drug-eluting stents versus off pump coronary artery bypass grafting in unprotected left main coronary artery disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Domestic DES is feasible and safety in the treatment of ULMCA lesions. When compared with off-pump CABG, domestic DES achieved similar completeness of revascularization, similar in-hospital and 12-month follow-up outcomes. A longer follow-up is needed.
A study on cognition of post-stroke depression patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

目的 探讨P300电位在评价脑卒中后抑郁患者认知功能中的作用及其临床价值.方法对68例脑卒中后抑郁患者和70名健康者进行了P300电位测定,并将两组结果进行了比较.结果脑卒中后抑郁患者的P300电位成分中N2、P3波潜伏期[分别为(252.9±24.6)ms和(368.2±28.5)ms]延长及P3波幅(2.4±1.8)μν降低,与对照组比较存在显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 P300电位能及早反映脑卒中后抑郁患者的认知状况,对其临床治疗有重要价值。
Potential for extending the chloramphenicol dosing interval for canine urinary tract infections

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Canine urinary excretion of chloramphenicol was evaluated to optimize a dosing protocol for treating urinary tract infections. Seven healthy male intact purpose‐bred Beagles and six healthy client‐owned dogs of various breeds each received a single oral 50 mg/kg dose of chloramphenicol. Urine was collected at baseline, and 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol urine concentrations were measured and compared to the epidemiological cutoff value for E. coli (16 mcg/mL). At 8 h, mean chloramphenicol concentration from all dogs was 266.9 mcg/mL (90% CI 136.2–397.7 mcg/mL) but was lower in Beagles than client‐owned dogs. At 12 h, mean chloramphenicol concentration from all dogs was 111.0 mcg/mL (90% CI 36.9–185.0 mcg/mL) and was lower in Beagles (10.6 mcg/mL, 90% CI 1.4–19.8 mcg/mL) than client‐owned dogs (228.0 mcg/mL, 90% CI 103.0–353.1 mcg/mL). Urine half‐life was similar for all dogs (1.8–3.8 h). This justifies dosing chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q 8 h. All client‐owned dogs additionally maintained concentrations well above 16 mcg/mL, for 12 h, suggesting that q 12‐h dosing might be appropriate for non‐Beagle dogs with susceptible lower urinary tract infections. A clinical trial in dogs with urinary tract infections is needed as well as further investigation into potential breed differences.
Tropical Sprue in Thailand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abnormalities of the jejunal mucosa are commonly found in the Thai people, associated with a mild decrease in xylose excretion. Tropical sprue is reported to occur in India, Pakistan, Burma, Singapore, Vietnam, and Hong Kong, but has not been documented in Thailand. It has been suggested that tropical sprue is one extreme of a spectrum of abnormalities of the intestine found in tropical populations. To uncover cases of tropical sprue in Thailand, we sought and investigated patients with clinical disease suggestive of sprue. The diagnosis of tropical sprue was made in one patient, the subject of this report, on the basis of intestinal biopsy, function studies, and response to therapy. Tropical sprue therefore does occur in the Thai people, although it appears to be uncommon. Whether widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics by the general population or some other environmental condition limits the full manifestation of the disease, or whether tropical sprue is a specific disease that is not prevalent in Thailand is not known.
Dilemmas of humanitarian aid in the twentieth century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This volume explores the history of humanitarian aid revealing fundamental dilemmas inherent in humanitarian practice for more than a century. The contributions analyse humanitarianism from the point of view of Europe and the West, and from the colonies and the Third World, revealing uneven developments and contingencies of change. Emphasis is put on the coming together of different forces, events, and structures at particular times, explaining the dilemmas faced up to the present day.0The historical studies in this volume are based on multi-archival research. They start with the foundations of international humanitarianism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, highlighting state interests, religious motivations and imperial reform. From these beginnings, humanitarian aid grew strongly in volume and organization during the first half of the twentieth century. The contributions show developments in the shadow of colonialism and two world wars covering Europe, northern Africa, China and transatlantic relations. After 1945 humanitarian practice stood at the intersection of Cold War and decolonization. Wars of independence, direct confrontations between East and West in the Third World, and the growth of development policy affected humanitarian practice, its scope and challenges. The most recent period of global humanitarianism is explored in essays on the role of non-Western areas in humanitarian governance, relations between concern for others and the self in prominent global organizations, and the practice of aid workers on the spot
Pain in Femoral Arteriography. A double-blind, randomized, clinical study comparing safety and efficacy of the iso-osmolar iodixanol 270 mgI/ml and the low-osmolar iomeprol 300 mgI/ml in 9 European centers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The IOCM iodixanol caused significantly less frequent injection-associated pain and heat sensation than the LOCM iomeprol during femoral arteriography.
The Vengeful Logic of Modern Criminal Restitution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Restitution, a perpetual presence in the life of the law, dwells on the margins of our modern legal landscape, and invokes a pre-legal moment in which injured parties bore the responsibility-or the privilege of themselves remedying the harms committed against them. This article explores the criminal sanction of restitution, and particularly restitution's surprising relationship with revenge. Rather than regarding bloodlust and the desire to cause suffering in those who first made us suffer as revenge's sine qua non, I argue that just as essential to revenge is a nostalgia for a prehistorical and prelegal time in which being wronged was an occasion not for recourse to the law, but for action. The article examines two distinct but related sites of restitutive justice within the contemporary criminal justice system where this fantasy of agency plays out. First turning to the victims'rights movement, observing that the movement has become ossified in a punitive logic that belies its pretensions toward a victim centered paradigm, the article then looks at the kinder, gentler restorative justice movement, which values rehabilitation and reintegration but is motivated as well by a vengeful impulse. The place of restitution in these movements emerges as the instantiation of a doubled fantasy of return to a state of equilibrium: on a leveled playing field occupied by wrongdoer and wronged, liberated from law's domination, a struggle between equals can result in the natural justice of a wrong repaid. This fantasy is born of nostalgia for an economy of revenge that exists only as an illusory ideal of agency vis-a`-vis those who wrong us, forever (or at least for now) kept at arm's distance by virtue of its institutionalization within a state that seeks to preserve its monopoly on force.
Sonorism and the Polish Avant-Garde 1958-1966

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis was digitised for the purposes of Document Delivery. It is not available on open access and access is restricted. The item may be requested on Interlibrary Loan or viewed in the Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. If you are the author of this work and would like it to be made available on open access please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au
Competency-Based Time-Variable Anesthesiology Residency Training: Identification of Problems and Solutions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Global medical education is gradually moving toward more comprehensive implementations of a competency-based education (CBE) model. Elimination of standard time-based training and adoption of time-variable training (competency-based time-variable training [CB-TVT]) is one of the final stages of implementation of CBE. While CB-TVT has been implemented in some programs outside the United States, residency programs in the United States are still exploring this approach to training. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) are encouraging member boards and residency review committees to consider innovative ways programs could implement CB-TVT. The goals of this study were to (1) identify potential problems with the implementation of CB-TVT in anesthesiology residency training, (2) rank the importance of the problems and the perceived difficulty of solving them, and (3) develop proposed solutions to the identified problems. METHODS: Study participants were recruited from key stakeholder groups in anesthesiology education, including current or former program directors, department chairs, residents, fellows, American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) board members, ACGME residency review committee members or ACGME leaders, designated institutional officials, residency program coordinators, clinical operations directors, and leaders of large anesthesiology community practice groups. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In phase 1, survey questionnaires were iteratively distributed to participants to identify problems with the implementation of CB-TVT. Participants were also asked to rank the perceived importance and difficulty of each problem and to identify relevant stakeholder groups that would be responsible for solving each problem. In phase 2, surveys focused on identifying potential solutions for problems identified in phase 1. RESULTS: A total of 36 stakeholders identified 39 potential problems, grouped into 7 major categories, with the implementation of CB-TVT in anesthesiology residency training. Of the 39 problems, 19 (48.7%) were marked as important or very important on a 5-point scale and 12 of 19 (63.2%) of the important problems were marked as difficult or very difficult to solve on a 5-point scale. Stakeholders proposed 165 total solutions to the identified problems. CONCLUSIONS: CB-TVT is a promising educational model for anesthesiology residency, which potentially results in learner flexibility, individualization of curricula, and utilization of competencies to determine learner advancement. Because of the potential problems with the implementation of CB-TVT, it is important for future pilot implementations of CB-TVT to document realized problems, efficacy of solutions, and effects on educational outcomes to justify the burden of implementing CB-TVT.
Efficacy of Silver Needle Therapy for The Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Prospective, Single-Center, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) troubles approximately 30% of people worldwide. Silver needle therapy (SNT) is a treatment method to relieve soft tissue pain through heating. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effects of SNT on CNSLBP.Methods: In this study, 100 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: silver needle (SN) group and control group (n = 50). In the SN group, patients received SNT and physiotherapy, while patients received physiotherapy alone in the control group. At the 6-month follow-up, the numerical rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form 12 of quality of life (SF-12), the natural logarithms of low frequency measurement (InLF) and the natural logarithms of high frequency measurement (InHF) of heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded.Results: In both groups, NRS, ODI, SF-12 scores, and HRV at 2 weeks after treatment were improved and maintained for 6 months. Compared with the control group, more significant improvements were observed in the NRS and SF-12 scores at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months and in the ODI scores at 1 and 2 months in the SN group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the ODI scores at 3 and 6 months. InLF and InHF in the SN group were higher than those in the control group at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05).Conclusions: SNT relieved pain and improved quality of life and autonomic nerve activity, especially parasympathetic nerve, in patients with CNSLBP, without serious complications.Trial registration: This work has registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR-OOC-17013237; Date: 2017.11.09).
Melanotic schwannoma of spine: Illustration of two cases with diverse clinical presentation and outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melanotic schwannomas (MS) are rare variants of schwannomas the occurrence of which is described in case reports only. They usually arise from posterior spinal nerve roots and less commonly from other cells of neural crest origin. Although they are relatively benign tumors in young, aggressive behavior is reported. They occur as isolated tumors or as part of a syndrome named Carney complex. We try to describe the pathology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of MSs in two different cases: one cervical intramedullary with no recurrence on 5-year follow-up and the other one extramedullary in lumbar region with early recurrence and aggressive course. A brief review of literature is done.