jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MP01-05 OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS OF BIPOLAR ENUCLEATION BASED ON PROSTATE SIZE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Surgical Therapy & New Technology I (MP01)1 Sep 2021MP01-05 OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS OF BIPOLAR ENUCLEATION BASED ON PROSTATE SIZE Felicia Balzano, Andre-Philippe Sam, Mark Pachorek, Nora Ruel, and Jonathan Warner Felicia BalzanoFelicia Balzano More articles by this author , Andre-Philippe SamAndre-Philippe Sam More articles by this author , Mark PachorekMark Pachorek More articles by this author , Nora RuelNora Ruel More articles by this author , and Jonathan WarnerJonathan Warner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001962.05AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Bipolar enucleation of the prostate (BipoLEP) is an alternative to holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Whether pre-operative prostate size affects BipoLEP outcomes remains unclear. We aim to investigate outcomes and complications based on preoperative volume. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected single-institutional database of BipoLEPs. We collected demographics, peri-operative details, complications and patient-reported outcomes at 6 weeks, 4 months and 1 year post-operatively. RESULTS: From 9/2015-11/2020, 310 patients underwent BipoLEP; 296 had accurate volume data and minimum 4-month follow-up. Median pre-operative prostate volume was 74.5 g (range 17-360 g). Patients were analyzed by large ( >75 g n=148) versus small (<75 g n=148) volume. Larger volume patients were older (72 vs. 69; p <0.05) and were more likely to be in retention (37% vs. 25%; p <0.05). Patient reported outcomes are detailed in Figure 1. Patients reported similar rates of stress incontinence (any degree) at 4 months (20% large vs. 14% small, p=0.21). Only 3 patients (2 large, 1 small) requested anti-incontinence interventions at 1-year. Bladder neck contracture occurred exclusively in patients with smaller prostates (n=16, 11%); small volume patients also had more urethral strictures (7% vs. 1%, p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Following BipoLEP, patients with small prostates have higher rates of bladder neck contractures and urethral strictures along with worse IPSS scores and BI’s at all time points. Alternative modalities may be considered for smaller glands. Source of Funding: None. © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e2-e2 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Felicia Balzano More articles by this author Andre-Philippe Sam More articles by this author Mark Pachorek More articles by this author Nora Ruel More articles by this author Jonathan Warner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Electroshock Convulsions on Chronic Decorticated Cats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

(1) The effects of single and repeated convulsions induced by electroshock were observed in 6 chronic decorticated cats. (2) The seizures were characterized by a posture of general semiflexion with small amplitude rapid rhythmic movements of the limbs, jaws and facial musculature, interrupted by one or more short quiescent periods, terminating in running movements after which a more prolonged quiescent phase preceded recovery. Apnea occurred during the seizures and was followed by transitory hyperpnea. (3) Body temperature and pulse rate were not affected significantly. Righting reflexes returned a few minutes after each seizure. Licking reflexes were abolished for from 1 to 3 1/2 hours after each convulsion in 3 preparations. Sham rage in response to a non-nociceptive stimulus was unaffected or enhanced temporarily after each electroshock convulsion. Sham rage responses (chiefly facio-vocal) to nociceptive pressure stimuli applied to the tail were markedly reduced or abolished for from 1 to 2% hours after each electrically induced seizure. (4) No changes other than those noted after single electroshocks were noted after repeated electrically induced convulsions. (5) The electro-encephalographic patterns of electroshock convulsions in the decorticated preparations were characterized by bursts of relatively high voltage 2 to 21 per second rhythms separated by short silent intervals, frequently terminating in a steady 15 to 18 per second discharge before cessation of electrical activity. Slow and fast wave sequences appeared at times during the paroxysmal discharges and were more prominent in previously morphinized preparations. (6) Gross and microscopic studies of the remaining brains after completion of the experiments revealed no changes which could be ascribed to the electric currents used to evoke convulsions.
“Many a Zayd and ‘Amr”: Mediation and Representation in Al-Andalus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The go-between reemerges in Iberian letters some hundred years after Ibn Hazm created a space for her in the Andalusi courtly discourse of love elaborated in the Dove's Neck Ring. The taifa courts, the inheritors of Umayyad splendor and culture, were in their infancy as Ibn Hazm was composing The Dove's Neck Ring, but by the end of the eleventh century they have fallen to the Berber Almoravids. Unlike Ibn Hazm, whose Dove's Neck Ring reflects a hopeful attitude that Andalusi caliphal splendor might be restored, Abū l-Tāhir Muhammad al-Saraqustī, al-Andalusi, Ibn al­Ashtarkuwi (d. 1 143) (al-Saraqustī) turns a critical eye to Andalusi splen­dor and its legacy—the literature of Andalusi Arab identity—exposing this cultural model as an illusion no longer viable in a changed Iberian cultural landscape. Mediation and mediators figure prominently in al-Saraqustī's col­lection of fifty brief narratives, the Maqâmât al-luzûmiyah, both as characters within the narrative and in the very literary form he has chosen for such representation, the maqâmât, which itself is defined by formal and stylistic conjuncture (discussed in detail below). In her new context the go-between is no longer part of a codified courtly discourse. The go-between and the rhymed prose with which she was created have been displaced from the caliphal court and now begin to roam in a new Andalusi land­scape, that of al-Saraqustī's maqâmât. In "Maqâma 9" we witness as she creates her own erotic discourse, offering the lover fictional accounts of a nonexistent beloved in order to manipulate him to her own ends.KeywordsEleventh CenturyLiterary DiscourseSlave WomanRhetorical SkillCourtly LoveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Sampled populations of <i>Cattleya liliputana</i> occurring in the Iron Quadrangle.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>(a) Espinhaço Range Region above 1,000 m a.s.l. in eastern tropical South America. (b) Altitude map of the Iron Quadrangle showing the <i>Cattleya liliputana</i> populations analysed in the study.</p>
Porphyrins as early biomarkers for arsenic exposure in animals and humans.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We studied the effect of arsenic exposure on the haem biosynthetic pathway in the rat and humans. Significant increases in protoporphyrin IX, coproporphyrin III, coproporphyrin I were observed in the blood, liver and kidney, and in the urine of rats after a single dose of arsenic. The level of increase was dependent on the arsenic species present. Most of porphyrin concentrations in the tissues increased within 24 hr and urinary excretion elevated within 48 hr. In the human study, we collected urine samples from 113 people who live in Xing Ren of Guizhou Province, a coal-borne arsenicosis endemic area in southwest of PR China and from 30 people who live in Xing Yi (about 80 km southwest of Xing Ren) where arsenicosis is not prevalent. We analyzed the urinary porphyrins using HPLC. Results indicate that all urinary porphyrins were higher in the arsenic exposed group than those in the control group. Women, children and older age people spend much of their time indoors, they had greater increases of urinary arsenic and porphyrins. They were the higher risk groups among the study subjects. A positive correlation between the urinary arsenic levels and porphyrin concentrations demonstrated the effect of arsenic on haem biosynthesis. Significant alteration in the porphyrin excretion profiles of the younger age (<20 y) arsenic exposed group suggested that porphyrins could be used as early warning biomarkers for chronic exposure to arsenic.
Early circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) changes during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients (pts) with advanced stage melanoma/skin cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

225 Background: ctDNA monitoring has shown promising results in predicting relapse in resected solid tumors. Its role in treatment response assessment and predicting survival outcomes in the unresectable or metastatic disease setting merits further investigation. In our study, we attempt to assess the role of early ctDNA changes in predicting disease response, progression, and overall survival outcomes in pts with advanced stage melanoma/skin cancer treated with ICI therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis using a personalized, tumor-informed ctDNA assay (Natera) on prospectively collected plasma samples from pts with unresectable stage III/IV melanoma/skin cancer treated with anti-PD-1 based therapy at the University of Wisconsin (Madison) was performed. Baseline ctDNA levels were assessed prior to the start of treatment and at 3-4 weeks (i.e. prior to the second treatment dose). A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds of overall disease control [complete response + partial response + stable disease, per RECIST version 1.1] based on the change in ctDNA levels (decrease vs increase) between both time points. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the effects of ctDNA level change on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: 46 pts were evaluated. 82% melanoma, 14% Merkel cell carcinoma, 2% skin adenocarcinoma and 2% squamous cell carcinoma. 77% were treated with dual ICI (anti-PD-1 based) therapy and 23% with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Median follow up was 12.1 months. Median change in ctDNA levels from baseline were -4.83 MTM/mL among pts with ctDNA decrease and +37.39 MTM/mL among pts with ctDNA increase. A qualitative decrease in ctDNA level was associated with overall disease control (OR 65.00, 95% CI 11.88-587.89, p<0.0001), longer PFS (HR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.22, p<0.0001), and longer OS (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.54, p=0.0008) compared to an increase in ctDNA level from baseline to 3-4 weeks after starting ICI therapy. Median PFS was not reached (NR) and 1.63 months; and median OS was NR and 5.57 months among pts with ctDNA decrease and ctDNA increase, respectively. Conclusions: We found that early ctDNA dynamics after 3-4 weeks of ICI initiation in pts with advanced melanoma/skin cancer appears to be a candidate strategy to predict treatment response, risk of progression, and potentially long-term survival. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate the utility of ctDNA in treatment monitoring.
The World Health Organization has endorsed COVID‐19 is no longer a global public health emergency: How they took this step and what we should do right now?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Highlights The ending or beginning of a pandemic depends on several factors, such as the nature of the virus, the effectiveness of public health measures, and the accessibility of treatments and vaccines. The World Health Organization has declared COVID‐19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern due to decreasing rates of infections, hospitalizations, deaths, ICU intake, and mass immunisation against the virus. The pandemic phase of COVID‐19 does not necessarily mean that the world has eradicated the coronavirus, and maybe there will have some sporadic outbreaks due to new variants and a lack of safety measures, treatments, and vaccines. Therefore, the healthcare authorities should emphasise strengthening health systems, engaging in active risk communication and community engagement, promoting preventative measures, integrating surveillance systems, and endorsing vaccination as a routine programme.
Diversity and path coefficient analysis of Southern African maize hybrids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Detailed knowledge on genetic diversity among germplasm is important for hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. The objective of the study was to determine genetic diversity in widely grown hybrids in Southern Africa, and compare effectiveness of phenotypic analysis models for determining genetic distances between hybrids. Fifty hybrids were evaluated at one site with two replicates. The experiment was a randomized complete block design. Phenotypic and genotypic data were analyzed using SAS and Power Marker respectively. There was significant (p < 0.01) variation and diversity among hybrid brands but small within brand clusters. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.07 to 0.38 with an average of 0.34 and genetic distance ranged from 0.08 to 0.50 with an average of 0.43. SAH23 and SAH21 (0.48) and SAH33 and SAH3 (0.47) were the most distantly related hybrids. Both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and phenotypic data models were effective for discriminating genotypes according to genetic distance. SNP markers revealed nine clusters of hybrids. The 12-trait phenotypic analysis model, revealed eight clusters at 85%, while the five-trait model revealed six clusters. Path analysis revealed significant direct and indirect effects of secondary traits on yield. Plant height and ear height were negatively correlated with grain yield meaning shorter hybrids gave high yield. Ear weight, days to anthesis, and number of ears had highest positive direct effects on yield. These traits can provide good selection index for high yielding maize hybrids. Results confirmed that diversity of hybrids is small within brands and also confirm that phenotypic trait models are effective for discriminating hybrids.
Genome Annotation of Five Mycoplasma canis Strains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT To understand its potential to cause invasive disease, the genome of Mycoplasma canis strain PG14 T from a dog's throat was compared to those of isolates from the genital tract or brain of dogs. The average nucleotide identity between strain pairs is 98%, and their genome annotations are similar.
Theoretical guarantees for the advantage of GNNs over NNs in generalizing bandlimited functions on Euclidean cubes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as formidable resources for processing graph-based information across diverse applications. While the expressive power of GNNs has traditionally been examined in the context of graph-level tasks, their potential for node-level tasks, such as node classification, where the goal is to interpolate missing node labels from the observed ones, remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigate the proficiency of GNNs for such classifications, which can also be cast as a function interpolation problem. Explicitly, we focus on ascertaining the optimal configuration of weights and layers required for a GNN to successfully interpolate a band-limited function over Euclidean cubes. Our findings highlight a pronounced efficiency in utilizing GNNs to generalize a bandlimited function within an $\varepsilon$-error margin. Remarkably, achieving this task necessitates only $O_d((\log\varepsilon^{-1})^d)$ weights and $O_d((\log\varepsilon^{-1})^d)$ training samples. We explore how this criterion stacks up against the explicit constructions of currently available Neural Networks (NNs) designed for similar tasks. Significantly, our result is obtained by drawing an innovative connection between the GNN structures and classical sampling theorems. In essence, our pioneering work marks a meaningful contribution to the research domain, advancing our understanding of the practical GNN applications.
Incorporation of a general strain-to-failure fracture criterion into a stress-based plasticity model through a time-to-failure softening mechanism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many classic and contemporary fracture models are based on some variant of strain-to-failure with linear accumulation of damage. These models are categorized as strain-to-failure models, even if the damage weighting function is stress-based. Recent experimental investigations suggest that strain-to-failure fracture models are a natural choice when modeling metals. Notably, the third stress invariant (J3) dependence of strain-to-failure has been shown to be nonnegligible. In response to the metal-fracture literature proposing a multitude of new strain-to-failure fracture models with little demonstration of predictiveness in large-scale general-loading simulations, this research implements a strain-to-failure framework into a generalized plasticity model, Kayenta, tested in conjunction with three representative fracture models: constant equivalent-strain-to-failure, Johnson-Cook strain-to-failure theory, and Xue-Wierzbicki strain-to-failure theory. These models constitute a sampling of J2, J3, strain-rate, and temperature dependence that greatly extend the softening options available in Kayenta. As Kayenta is portable and already available in multiple host codes, this research allows analysts to rapidly gauge which failure theory is best suited to their applications, thus potentially allowing one of these theories to emerge as more broadly valid in general loading problems. This fracture framework is designed to operate in the realm of time-to-failure so as to function seamlessly with the current softening implementation in Kayenta and lay the foundation for mixed-response fracture behavior to transition between ductile to brittle fracture models dynamically as the stress state evolves.
Transition from the Afghanistan and Iraqi Battlefields to Home

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Occupational health nurses are encountering veterans in the workplace who have served one or more tours of duty in Afghanistan or Iraq. Soldiers making the transition from combat to civilian life may have physical and mental injuries from war. Occupational health nurses who recognize the unique nature of these injuries and are knowledgeable about resources for meeting veterans' needs will be instrumental in facilitating their return to civilian life.
Manipulation of the glycerol content of dunaliella electroporation: response of photosynthesis, cell volume and glycerol content

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the first part of this project, was to determine the effects of salt stress photosynthesis and respiration in the green algae D. tertiolecta and D. salina. A previously reported burst in oxygen evolution after salt addition was investigated. Following salt stress, no burst in photosynthesis was found under any conditions for both species in contradiction to the earlier reports. This might be due to strain or species differences. High salt stress (increasing salinity by a factor of 5.88) inhibited photosynthesis in D. tertiolecta. Low salt stress (increasing salinity by a factor of 1.66) caused in D. tertiolecta a small increase in photosynthesis but had no substantial effects in D. salina. Salt stress decreased respiration in D. tertiolecta, more markedly at high salt stress. In D. salina, salt stress by a factor of 1.66 caused respiration to increase significantly. In general, the magnitude of salt stress was more important than the final salt concentration. No significant differences were found between phosphate and Hepes buffers.\nIn the second part of this project, the aim was to use electroporation to lower the intracellular glycerol concentration by a small proportion (10 - 20%) while the external osmotic pressure was kept constant. The effects of electroporation on photosynthetic O2 evolution, mitochondrial O2 uptake, release of soluble protein and release of intracellular glycerol to the medium were measured. Electroporation conditions were optimised to release about 10% of intracellular glycerol to the external medium with minimal apparent effects on metabolism. The results showed that glycerol release did not originate from the total rupture of a small proportion of cells. The uptake of mannitol, the major solute in the electroporation medium, was determined and found to be less than 20% of glycerol release. Following the release of glycerol by electroporation, D. tertiolecta cells were incubated in isotonic Hepes buffer under illumination. The intracellular glycerol content then increased to reach pre-electroporation values after about 30 minutes. The cell volume, measured on motile cells by video microscopy, reduced by 23% immediately after electroporation but returned to pre-electroporation values after about 30 minutes. Because the cells were maintained at constant external osmotic pressure throughout the procedure, it is concluded that the regulatory mechanism responsible for setting the intracellular glycerol content does not sense external osmotic pressure per se. These findings suggest that the intracellular glycerol content is set by a mechanism that senses cell volume or some parameter linked directly to cell volume.
Impact of green manuring and growth stimulants on soil properties of organically grown transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was conducted at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during Kharif season of 2019. The result of present investigation indicated that, The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, uptake in the grain, straw and availability were significantly higher under the treatment of in situ green manuring with dhaincha followed by green leaf manuring with glyricidia, in situ green manuring with fodder cowpea and control in the descending order of significance. While The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake in the grain and straw were higher under the treatment of spraying of humic acid @ 0.5% (at 30, 45 and 60 DAT) which was followed by spraying of jeevamrut @ 5%, vermiwash @ 5% and control in that descending order of significance. Significantly higher grain, straw yield and total biomass (q ha-1) was found in treatment in situ green manuring with dhaincha and spraying of humic acid @ 0.5% (at 30, 45 and 60 DAT)