jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Resistance and Zoonotic Potential of Nontyphoidal Salmonella From Household Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Companion animals, like household dogs, are an overlooked transmission point for zoonotic pathogens such as nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Given the proximity of dogs to humans and the use of critically important antibiotics in companion animal medicine, household dogs represent a risk for the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) Salmonella . Methods and Results To this end, we aimed to leverage existing biosurveillance infrastructure to investigate AMR and the zoonotic potential of NTS isolated from dogs and humans. We identified all NTS strains isolated from domestic dogs via the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network between May 2017 and March 2023 ( N = 87), and spatiotemporally matched strains isolated from humans in the NCBI Pathogen Isolate Browser ( N = 77). These 164 strains, collected from 17 states in the United States, formed the basis of our analysis. Strains isolated from dogs comprised diverse serovars, with most being clinically relevant to human health. All strains possessed AMR determinants for drug classes deemed critically or highly important by the World Health Organization. We identified sixteen NTS isolates from humans closely related to ≥1 of six dog‐associated strains. Conclusions Collectively, our data emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and sustained biosurveillance beyond human‐ and agriculture‐associated veterinary medicine, using a One‐Health framework that accounts for all transmission points including companion animals.
Is Pool Testing Method of COVID-19 Employed in Germany and India Effective?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract At present, several countries, such as Germany and India, have employed a pool testing method on the nucleic acid testing of COVID-19 for the shortage of detection kits. In this method, the testing is performed on several samples of the cases together as a bunch. If the test result of the bunch is negative, then it is shown that none of the cases in the bunch has been infected with the novel coronavirus. On the contrary, if the test result of the bunch is positive, then the samples are tested one by one to confirm which cases are infected. We verified that the pool testing method of COVID-19 is effective in the situation of the shortage of nucleic acid detection kits based on probabilistic modeling. Moreover, the following interesting results are also obtained. (1) If the infection rate is extremely low, while the same number of detection kits are used, the expected number of cases that can be tested by the pool testing method is far more than that by the one-by-one testing method. (2) The pool testing method is effective only when the infection rate is less than 0.3078. While the infection rate decreases from 0.3078 to 0.0018, the optimal sample sizes in one bunch increases from 3 to 25. In general, the higher the infection rate, the smaller the optimal sample size in one bunch. (3) If N samples are tested by the pool testing method, while the sample size in one bunch is G, the number of detection kits required is in the interval (N/G, N). Additionally, the lower the infection rate, the fewer detection kits are needed. Therefore, the pool testing method is not only suitable for the situation of the shortage of detection kits, but also the situation of the overall or sampling detection for a large population.
Disaster Management and Social Work Students' Willingness to Work in Disaster: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The negative effects of disasters can be reduced through disaster management strategies, joint practices, experiences, preparedness plans, and mitigation efforts. This study aims to determine the willingness of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management (EDM) and Social Work (SW) students studying in two different departments of a state university to work in disasters. This descriptive research was conducted by applying a face-to-face survey to 561 students. Relationships between variables were examined with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. 85.2% (n=179) of EDM students are willing to work, 0.9% (n=2) are not willing, 56.6% (n=197) of SW students are willing to work. 6.6% are willing to work. (n=23) are not willing. Two variables were identified to determine the willingness of EDM students: gender (OR: 0.317, CI: 0.134-0.751) and membership in a disaster-related Non governmental organization (OR: 0.003, CI: 1.533-8.082). It was found that the variable explaining SW students' willingness was membership in a disaster-related NGO (OR: 0.378, CI: 1.770-7.789). For students to gain the desire to work in disasters, the needs of applied education should be met, and similar supportive initiatives should be encouraged in various areas of education.
Web Scraper Revealing Trends of Target Products and New Insights in Online Shopping Websites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Trillions of posts from Facebook, tweets in Twitter, photos on Instagram and e-mails on exchange servers are overwhelming the Internet with big data. This necessitates the development of such tools that can detect the frequent updates and select the required information instantly. This research work aims to implement scraper software that is capable of collecting the updated information from the target products hosted in fabulous online e-commerce websites. The software is implemented using Scrapy and Django frameworks. The software is configured and evaluated across different e-commerce websites. Individual website generates a greater amount of data about the products that need to be scraped. The proposed software provides the ability to search a target product in a single consolidated place instead of searching across various websites, such as amazon.com, alibaba.com and daraz.pk. Furthermore, the scheduling mechanism enables the scraper to execute at a required frequency within a specified time frame.
Depression, antidepressants, and accidents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pharmacological concerns need epidemiological elucidation

Patients with depressive disorders could be more liable to accidents than others for several reasons. These include impaired attention and concentration (often due to preoccupation with morbid or worrying thoughts); anxiety, which usually accompanies depression; irritability; agitation or retardation; fatigue after sleepless nights; and weakness due to insufficient food intake. In addition, depressed patients may take risks with little regard to the consequences, make suicidal gestures or attempts that go wrong, and take alcohol or other substances that impair functioning to relieve distress. In keeping with these considerations are the reductions in performance in tests of cognitive and psychomotor function in depressed patients.1

If depression causes or contributes to accidents in these ways then therisk of accidents might be expected to fall as the disorder improves in response to treatment with antidepressant drugs (or other treatment). On the other hand, the unwanted effects of antidepressants may adversely affect cognitive and psychomotor function (especially in those with pre-existing cerebral impairment), thereby increasing the risk of accidents. This is particularly the case in patients who do not respond to treatment and thus are impaired by both the depression and the drug. Drug induced effects may be clinically obvious, with, for example, somnolence due to oversedation; mild effects may be evident only on formal psychometric testing. In tests of higher central nervous system functions the older tricyclic antidepressants, such …
Variabel-Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Bagi Hasil Tabungan Mudharabah Pada Industri Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2011-2014

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is examine the influence of non performing financing (NPF), financing to deposit ratio (FDR), total revenue, and BI rate toward trustee profit sharing mudharabah Islamic Bank Industries in Indonesia start from January 2011 until June 2014 periods. This research uses quantitative approach. The analysis method used in this research is the method of multiple linear regression analysis of time series with a significance level of 0,05.The result showed that performing financing (NPF) and BI rate have significant influence toward trustee profit sharing mudharabah partially, while financing to deposit ratio (FDR) and total revenue does not influence trustee profit sharing mudharabah significantly. However, non performing financing (NPF), financing to deposit Ratio (FDR), total revenue, and BI rate have significant influence toward trustee profit sharing mudharabah simultaneously.
Health and demographic surveillance systems: contributing to an understanding of the dynamics in migration and health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

HDSS centres brought together within INDEPTH Network have already provided strong evidence of the potential negative consequences of migration on health, which contrast with the beneficial impacts of migration on livelihoods. Future comparative evidence using standardised tools will help design policies for mitigating the negative effects, and enhancing the positive effects, of migration on health.
Research into the Influence of Outward Bound on University Students' Level of Mental Health

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Mental health is the basic guarantee for university students to study, communicate, live their lives and develop.In order to improve university students' quality in the round, develop qualified talents adapted to modern society, reinforce the education on university students' mental health, symptom checklist and sport rating scale are used to discuss the function of mental outward bound on university students' mental health to provide some references and basis for reform on the education courses of universities and colleges from the angle of improving university students' mental health level by studying the mental health of university students.
Using Small Whiteboards to Engage Students in Active Learning (Abstract Only)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is well known that active learning strategies, like Peer Instruction and Cooperative Learning promote deep learning of material in the classroom. These techniques are typically accomplished by having students use cell phones or laptops. However, research has also shown that use by students of these technologies detract from learning. In this poster we examine our low-tech solution: the use of inexpensive, handheld whiteboards in our classrooms. We provide examples of activities which make use of the boards, in contexts ranging from introductory programming to upper-level networking.
Effect on scattering of complex morphology of DKDP bulk damage sites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Bulk damage sites in frequency conversion crystals scatter and/or absorb laser light leading to interference and downstream intensification .We find that laser induced bulk damage sites in DKDP exhibit a 'shell' of structurally and/or chemically modified material surrounding a central core as indicated by SEM and optical micrographs and micro Raman spectral maps. We hypothesize that the modified material has been shock wave densified and estimate the amount of densification and its effect on scattering. A simple model indicates that densification of several percent is likely and that the scattering cross section may be larger than the geometric area of the inner core by an order of magnitude.
Anaerobic bacteria as a challenge for modern medical microbiological diagnostics

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Introduction and objective Anaerobic bacteria are a component of the human microbiome. Many of them are characterized by low pathogenicity, but some may cause opportunistic and polybacterial infections. Some species are absolutely pathogenic. The aim of the study is to show the problems that may appear at any stage of microbiological testing with the participation of anaerobic bacteria. State of knowledge Due to technical difficulties and the cost of the test, microbiological diagnostics of anaerobic bacteria is usually carried out in only a few microbial laboratories. The skipping of diagnoses of these bacteria in routine microbiological testing results in an underestimation of their involvement in the etiology of infections, and makes the monitoring of antibiotic resistance impossible. Among anaerobes strains resistant to clindamycin, beta-lactam antibiotics combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor and carbapenems, are especially often isolated. The problem of resistance mainly concerns anaerobic Gram-negative rods. Conclusion The appropriate procedure, from the stage of sample qualification to the interpretation of the obtained outcome, exerts an effect on the reliability of the result, and significantly reduces the cost associated with the isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria. Microbiological determination of drug susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria also allows assessment of resistance trends, establishing the principles of empirical therapy, and the creation of appropriate antibiotic policy in the hospital.
In-Silico Designed Multi-Epitope Vaccine Based on the Conserved Fragments in Viral Proteins for Broad-Spectrum Protection to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a major viral threat to swine, causing a significant economic loss in the global pig farming industry. This virus includes two major genotypes, both characterized by high mutation rates and genetic variability, complicating the development of a universally effective vaccine and the control of disease consequently. To address this challenge, a novel multi-epitope-based vaccine was designed to elicit a robust and cross-protective immune response against multiple PRRSV strains. The complete sequences of PRRSV-encoded proteins were retrieved worldwide, and the conserved fragments were identified through the alignment of polypeptide sequences. Subsequent screening was conducted screened epitopes for their potential to be safe and to activate B cells, CTLs, and HTLs. By conjugating the selected epitopes with distinct adjuvant proteins, three vaccine candidates were designed and termed as PRRSV-Vaccine (PRRSV-V-1, PRRSV-V-2, and PRRSV-V-3 respectively). Furthermore, systematic evaluations of their physiochemistry properties, structural stability, binding with pattern recognition receptors, and induction of the host immune system were performed. PRRSV-V-2 was demonstrated with the most promising physicochemical and structural characteristics, strong binding with TLR3 and TLR8, and the most vigorous reactions of host immune response. As the most promising candidate, the recombinant PRRSV plasmid was in-silico designed for expression in Escherichia coli. Our study proposed a novel approach to PRRSV vaccine development against PRRSV, offering a promising strategy for controlling the infection across diverse PRRSV virus strains in swine.
NIR Spectroscopy and NMF Algorithm for Identification of Oil Pollutants in Water

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Oil pollutants is one of the major pollution sources in water.Accurate, rapid, and convenient detection method of oil pollutants in water has very important theoretical value and practical significance.The combination of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and chemometrics is ideal for such a situation.NIR spectroscopy is a powerful and effective technique.traditional NIR methods do not take full account of the absorbance data non-negative characteristics, resulting in the analysis lack of reasonable explanation.In this paper, the qualitative discriminate method of single species oil contaminants based on nonnegative matrix factorization feature extraction combined with support vector machine classification algorithm is studied.Non-negative matrix factorization algorithm and support vector machine classifier parameters on classification accuracy are discussed in depth to optimize NIR qualitative classification model.The present method has a good identification effect and strong generalization ability ， and can work as a new method for rapid identification of oil pollutants in water．
The impact of augmented reality on learning curves and mental workload: a preliminary experimental study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The learning process has always been fundamental in the industrial environment to correctly learn the right process and to perform it faster, increasing efficiency by also minimizing errors, consequently. Nowadays, new technologies that are emerging in this field are based on augmented reality, and, through a motion capture architecture, it is possible to real-Time follow the operators' activities and guide them in the next ones, improving the learning process. Therefore, this paper presents an architecture setup and the first preliminary tests, realized in the Industrial Plants and Logistics Laboratory of the University of Padua, in order to study the benefits that this type of technology can provide. The main findings are the decrease in the time required to learn the job along with a smaller operator's cognitive workload during the training.
Christianity and Ritual: A Study of Church Members in the Practice Ritual of “Buang Soe”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to describe the culture of the Treman community, specifically the rejection of disasters with the ritual of throwing away soe using a socio-theological perspective. This paper aims to describe the meaning of the Treman community who have embraced Christianity, in relation to the practice of the throwing away soe ritual. This paper uses a qualitative method with a case study design. Interviews are a data collection technique to deeply observe the community's understanding in implementing the throwing away soe ritual. The results obtained in this study are that the ritual is indeed carried out by the community when avoiding various accidents and disasters. It is done by worshiping their god. The interesting thing about the implementation of this ritual lies in the community who already believe in Christ, namely Christianity. Such is the social reality that occurs in the village of Treman so that social and theological analysis can be something new to explore the throwing away soe ritual as a cultural practice of the community. Through deep meaning to this ritual, the Treman community not only maintains tradition, but also opens itself to various other spiritual perspectives
Return Levels of Dry Extreme Events in Terrestrial Water Storage From Satellite Gravimetry and CMIP6 Global Coupled Climate Models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Satellite gravimetry as realized with GRACE and GRACE‐FO provides a novel opportunity to study extreme deviations from annually varying terrestrial water storage (TWS) in all continental areas of our planet. By utilizing the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, we estimate return levels for events that are expected to happen once every 10 (i.e., 1‐in‐10) years. With two GRACE‐like reconstructions spanning over 40 and 114 years, respectively, we show that the currently available data record of 20 years is already sufficiently long to derive robust estimates of those return levels. When contrasting the GRACE/‐FO results to model experiments from the CMIP6 archive extending until the year 2100 by concatenating historical runs and climate projections under the SSP5‐8.5 socioeconomic pathway, we find that (a) the multi‐model median from CMIP6 has the overall best agreement with the satellite data, thereby nicely confirming the validity of a central assumption of many climate‐related studies that heavily rely on ensemble statistics. We also find that (b) CMIP6 model runs contain only modest deviations of 1‐in‐10 years return levels from the beginning of the 20th century when compared to present‐day, but predict stronger changes toward more extreme return levels by the end of the 21st century. On the other hand, we also find substantial differences between satellite data and individual model experiments, which opens new opportunities to inform, validate and/or calibrate numerical climate models with satellite gravimetry data from GRACE, GRACE‐FO, and in future also GRACE‐C.
Development of the concept of complex treatment postoperative sternomediastinitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review describes the evolution of surgical and medical methods of treatment regarding a new nosological formpostoperative sternomediastinitis, which develops against the background of cardiac surgery tremendous upgrowth. The effectiveness of integration a surgical approach with the combined use of vacuum therapy and bacteriophages in the cleansing of the poststernotomy wound, as well as antibiotics and bacteriophages combination in order to control antibiotic-resistant pathogenic flora of the purulent-septic process in the anterior mediastinum, has been shown. Our own material included the treatment of 88 patients with deep sternal infection. The method proposed by the authors made it possible to reduce the duration of treatment and hospital mortality to 5%.
Studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mutants Indicate Pyoverdine as the Central Factor in Inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilm

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus are common opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogens, respectively. They often coexist in airways of immunocompromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis, where they form biofilms and cause acute and chronic illnesses. Hence, the interactions between them have long been of interest and it is known that P. aeruginosa can inhibit A. fumigatus in vitro . We have approached the definition of the inhibitory P. aeruginosa molecules by studying 24 P. aeruginosa mutants with various virulence genes deleted for the ability to inhibit A. fumigatus biofilms. The ability of P. aeruginosa cells or their extracellular products produced during planktonic or biofilm growth to affect A. fumigatus biofilm metabolism or planktonic A. fumigatus growth was studied in agar and liquid assays using conidia or hyphae. Four mutants, the pvdD pchE , pvdD , lasR rhlR , and lasR mutants, were shown to be defective in various assays. This suggested the P. aeruginosa siderophore pyoverdine as the key inhibitory molecule, although additional quorum sensing-regulated factors likely contribute to the deficiency of the latter two mutants. Studies of pure pyoverdine substantiated these conclusions and included the restoration of inhibition by the pyoverdine deletion mutants. A correlation between the concentration of pyoverdine produced and antifungal activity was also observed in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates derived from lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The key inhibitory mechanism of pyoverdine was chelation of iron and denial of iron to A. fumigatus . IMPORTANCE Interactions between human pathogens found in the same body locale are of vast interest. These interactions could result in exacerbation or amelioration of diseases. The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the growth of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus . Both pathogens form biofilms that are resistant to therapeutic drugs and host immunity. P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus biofilms are found in vivo , e.g., in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Studying 24 P. aeruginosa mutants, we identified pyoverdine as the major anti- A. fumigatus compound produced by P. aeruginosa . Pyoverdine captures iron from the environment, thus depriving A. fumigatus of a nutrient essential for its growth and metabolism. We show how microbes of different kingdoms compete for essential resources. Iron deprivation could be a therapeutic approach to the control of pathogen growth.