jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ELF - EMF correlation study on distance from Overhead Transmission Lines and acute leukemia among children in klang Valley, Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute Leukemia has become the most common type of cancer among children below 15 years old in Malaysia. Yet, its main etiologies are unexplained, leading researchers to relate its occurrence to environmental factors. Therefore, residential proximity to Overhead Transmission Lines (OHTL) was considered as an environmental risk factor contributing in the occurrence of Acute Leukemia due to its magnetic fields production. The objective of this research paper is to investigate the correlation of Acute Leukemia and residential magnetic field exposure and proximity to OHTL. Distance was measured using Google Earth software and magnetic field exposure was assessed using a magnetic field survey meter. Subjects enrolled in this study were children below 15 years old who received their medical treatment in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital (HUKM) and Kuala Lumpur General Hospital (GHKL). Case subjects are children diagnosed with Acute Leukemia while control subjects are children diagnosed with other Acute Illnesses. The analysis showed that the correlation is statistically insignificant between Acute Leukemia and both variables: Residential Magnetic Field Exposure (OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.33-2.00, p= 0.66, X 2 = 0.20), Residential Proximity (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.35-2.22, p= 0.80, X 2 = 0.068). In conclusion, it was found that residential proximity to OHTL does not constitute any risk to children's health. Additionally, other socioeconomic factors which are contributing in the occurrence of Acute Leukemia, makes any previously proved relationship subjected to chance or methodology misconduct.
New Wine Old Bottles: Feistel Structure Revised

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper mainly investigates the iterative structures whose decryption is similar to the encryption. Firstly, we unify many well-known structures which share similar procedures between the decryption and the encryption, and give a sufficient and necessary condition for this structure to be bijective, which reveals many new insights into the Feistel structure as well as the Lai-Massey structure. Secondly, we analyze the security of the unified structure against the known cryptanalysis. By extending the dual structure from a Feistel structure to the unified structure, we prove that a differential of the unified structure is impossible if and only if it is a zero-correlation linear hull of its dual structure, which presents a generalized link between the impossible differential and zero-correlation linear cryptanalysis shown in CRYPTO 2015. Significantly, several constraints on the linear components of the cipher and the permutation on the branches of the cipher are specified to make the structure resilient to differential and linear cryptanalysis. Furthermore, in the case that the order of the permutation equals the number of the branches $n$ , we prove that there always exist a $(3n-1)$ -round impossible differential and a $(3n-1)$ -round zero-correlation linear hull of the structure, and also present an algorithm to construct these distinguishers. Finally, we propose some novel structures which might be used in future block cipher designs.
The Quantitative Alteration of TLR4 in Rat Spleen after Exposure to Acrylonitrile and Subsequent Detoxification by Sodium Thiosulfate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acrylonitrile is a potent mutagen and carcinogen for hepatocytes. A role of toll-like receptor 4 in the immune toxicity of acrylonitrile has been suggested in many studies. The following study was designed to assess the quantitative alteration of toll-like receptor 4 under the influence of sodium thiosulfate which was used to antagonize acrylonitrile-induced immune toxicity in rats. 70 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups. Rats of control group were gavaged with saline for 4 weeks. Rats of acrylonitrile groups were daily gavaged by acrylonitrile of different concentrations for 4 weeks, whereas all rats of sodium thiosulfate groups received gavage of acrylonitrile 10 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks and for the 4th w, meanwhile daily intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiosulfate of different concentrations was administered to detoxify acrylonitrile. All rats were anesthetized and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured to evaluate liver damage. Spleens of rats from different groups were dissected for histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry of toll-like receptor 4 protein in spleen. Concentrations of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis facor-α in blood samples were also analyzed. Acrylonitrile decreased body and spleen weight of the rats and increased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. There were significant visible changes in spleen microstructure in rats treated with acrylonitrile alone when compared with control group. Moreover, it was proved in our study that acrylonitrile of 10 mg/kg could cause the most significant increase in the quantity of toll-like receptor 4 protein, when compared with both acrylonitrile (L) and acrylonitrile (H) group. The expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein of all acetonitrile groups was stronger than that of all sodium thoisulfate groups, which was in accordance with the inflammation caused by acrylonitrile with or without the influence from sodium thiosulfate. Among all sodium thiosulfate groups, toll-like receptor 4 expression of sodium thoisulfate (L) group was stronger than that of sodium thoisulfate (M) and sodium thoisulfate (H) group. Administration of sodium thiosulfate on the fourth week after first 3 w treatment with acrylonitrile alleviated acrylonitrile-induced morphological alterations in spleen, hepatic enzymatic indexes including serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the expression of toll-like receptor 4. Therefore, we suggested that sodium thiosulfate could antagonize the immune toxicity induced by acrylonitrile, which was reflected by quantitative change in expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein.
Children's Work and Schooling in the Late Nineteenth-Century Family Economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The concept of a family economy plays an important role in theory and research on the social impact of industrialization. Using family-level data from an 1890 survey of workingclass families in the U.S., we analyze the impact of the family economy on the school and work activities of children. Our analysis differentiates the family economy from the local economy and regionalfactors. Four hypotheses derivedfrom family economy theory predict the allocation of children's time to school and work. Our results lend strong empirical support for all hypotheses. In particular, we found that higher levels of family resources and lower levels of demand on those resources are associated with higher rates of children's participation in school and lower rates of children's participation in wage labor. These effects are stable after controls are introduced for family demographic composition, local economy, and region.
Sacred Journeys in the Counter-Reformation: Long-Distance Pilgrimage in Northwest Europe. By Elizabeth Caroline Tingle. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, 2020. xiii + 246. $99.99 hardcover.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sacred Journeys in the Counter-Reformation: Long-Distance Pilgrimage in Northwest Europe. By Elizabeth Caroline Tingle. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, 2020. xiii + 246. $99.99 hardcover. - Volume 90 Issue 4
A Study on Drug Utilization of Antibiotics in Respiratory Tract Infections among Geriartrics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Back ground: Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) often pose a major threat for geriatric patients (>60 years) who are at higher risk of developing complications. The first line treatments for RTIs are antibiotics which help in reducing the infection. As there is increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance it is necessary to conduct drug utilization of antibiotics which helps in better understanding about errors and risks involved in prescriptions. Objectives: The objective of the study is to access the prescribing pattern, appropriate use of antibiotics and inappropriateness of antibiotics in viral infections. Methodology: The present study is a prospective observational study. The study included 110 patients which included the evaluation of the patients medical records of antibiotics, sputum culture reports and physician records. Results: Out of 110 geriartric RTI patients, female (59.09%) were more predominantly affected over males (40.90%). Among the RTIs diagnosed pneumonia (40%) was higher followed by LRTI (28.18%). The common signs and symptoms found were breathlessness (34.54%) with major comorbidity of diabetes milletus (47.31%). Piperacillin + tazobactam (40.90%) was the mostly prescribed antibiotic for both gram positive (Streptococci) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria which was given through I.V. (90%). Total drug interactions and medication errors were 13.03% and 3.32% respectively. Conclusion: The present study gives an overview of antibiotics use and complications involved in geriatric population diagnosed with RTIs. Appropriate antibiotic usage according to Hospital Antibiotic Policy was observed in the study site with lower number of medication errors and drug interactions. Key words: Respiratory Tract Infections, drug utilization, antibiotics, geriatrics.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 29 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Eriogonum polycladon", "Country is Mexico", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 29 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008615-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis of an Innovative Face-shovel Hydraulic Excavator in Mining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new face-shovel hydraulic excavator is proposed, which can effectively increase the thrust and stroke of the bucket cylinder. By analyzing the degrees of freedom of the working device, the result shows that the degrees of freedom are two translations and one rotation on a plane, which can meet the requirements of face-shovel excavators. Based on the graphical modularization and loop algebra theory, a universal mechanical kinematics analysis flow diagram is established, with which the kinematics of the mechanism is investigated. By numerical analysis method, five numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of kinematics analysis. Comparative analyses of the results show that the algorithm is reliable and accurate. Based on Kane's method and the equivalent torque principle, the dynamics analyses of the new-type mechanism are conducted, and the dynamic mathematical model is deduced and established. Referring to dimension parameters of the caterpillar face-shovel excavator, the structural parameters of the new hydraulic face-shovel excavator are given. Based on Matlab, simulation researches are worked according to the dynamics equations, in the case of horizontal operation, respectively for no load and variable resistance. The analysis results show that the method is reliable. The research result will lay the foundation for the design and application of the novel mechanism.
Cumplimiento de las medidas de radioprotección en los hospitales de la región Amazonas, Perú, abril – julio 2016

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study was conducted to determine the compliance to radiation protección in the hospitals in the Amazonas region of Peru. A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was conducted between April and July 2016; the population was constituted by the workers of the imaging services of three hospitals of the Ministry of Health and three of the Social Health Insurance in the provinces of Chachapoyas, Bagua and Utcubamba; compliance of the radiation protection was measaured with an adapted instrument from the Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy, a validated questionnaire measured knowledge of staff. It was found that most of the equipment does not have quality control certificates, high percentage of teams and workers without IPEN licenses and authorizations, a lack of radiation warning signs on the premises, inadequate conditions for the operation of certain rooms, not all hospitals have dosimetry services, limited availability of radiation protection equipment and poor knowledge of radiation protection in exposed workers.This situation could be considered as one of the major limitations to ensure an adequate functioning of the services.. It is concluded that radiation protection measures are not complied with in hospitals in the Amazon region.
Thermoelectric Properties of Nd2-xCexCuO4 Sintered Bodies.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermoelectric power factor and figure of merit of Nd2-xCexCuO4 (x=0-0.1) sintered bodies were estimated from the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity measured in temperature range of 300-673 K. Temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity showed n-type semiconducting behavior. Thermal conductivities, which decreased with increasing temperature for each Cc concentration, were in range of 3.7-7.5 Wm-1K-1. The power factor and the figure of merit for x=0.01 and 0.05 increased with decreasing temperature. Their maxima were 9.2⋅10-5 Wm-1K-2 and 1.7⋅10-5K-1, respectively, at 320 K for x=0.05. The figure of merit would be improved to some extent by reduction of lattice thermal conductivity.
AN INVESTIGATION OF 10th GRADE STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS IN MATHEMATICS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The core of the survey was to investigate Mathematics self-efficacy of those students who study at 10th grade. Overall, 245 students of grade 10 were engaged as respondents of this survey. To evoke efficacious inclination of students, a translated version (Urdu) of “Sources of Mathematics self-efficacy Scale” originally developed by Lopez and his associates (1991) was administered which presented the items on five levels based on Likert type entailing 40 statements of efficacy indicating its four emerging dimensions as “Performance Accomplishment, Vicarious Information, Verbal Persuasion and Emotional Arousal”. Using SPSS for the analysis of data, both descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential (t-test) statistics were used. It was inferred from the overall analysis that the four self-efficacy sources were positively effecting the self-efficacy beliefs of students in Mathematics. However, boys are more influenced by the knowledge they get on their successful completion of task. They also enjoy comparing themselves with other peers. On the other hand, when girls are verbally encouraged, they feel confident while they also feel more anxiety as compared to boys. Sector was difference was also significant as students of public sector schools feel confident over successful completion of task that they can do well in future because they performed it in past with precision while students of private sector schools were more confident on influential effects by rest of the sources. In short, students found to be efficacious and all factors or sources contributed in making their mind set to be more efficacious to deal with Mathematics although with varying degree. Now it is the responsibility of teachers of Mathematics to come forward to provide them such activities that may involve them more in advanced level learning of Mathematics and help them in coping this subject in a more successful manner. In this way, self-efficacy can be a strong predictor of their academic gains. Efficacy in Mathematics cannot be differentiated on gender basis as it is a myth that boys always have natural inclination and therefore their self-efficacy beliefs are high than girls
Who Wants to Learn More Science? The Role of Elementary School Science Experiences and Science Self-Perceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background/Context Much science education reform has been directed at middle and high school students; however, earlier experiences in elementary school may well have an important impact on young people's future science literacy and preparation for possible STEM careers. Purpose/Objective This study explores the relationships among fifth-graders’ perceived learning opportunities in school science, their perceptions of self in science, and their desire to take more science courses in middle and high school. Research Design To directly address concerns about the reproducibility of results of small educational studies, this study explores whether results from one sample are replicated in a second, different sample. The fifth-grade students from two different samples of public elementary students in California (Sample 1: n = 363; Sample 2: n = 327) completed surveys about students’ perceived school science experiences, sense of themselves as science learners, and aspirations to learn more science in the future. The analyses of both samples included regression analyses to explore the relationship between science self-perceptions and wanting to take future science classes, as well as whether students’ perceived opportunities to participate in science activities might influence the relationship between self-perceptions and wanting to take more science in the future. Findings/Results There were positive and significant relationships between both school science learning opportunities and wanting to take more science courses, and science self-perceptions and wanting to take more science courses. Analyses indicate that both factors need to be considered when predicting who is eager to learn more science. These findings were consistent across both samples and were robust even after including student-level and school-level and controlling for the nested structure of the data. Conclusions/Recommendations Findings highlight the importance of fifth-graders’ self-perceptions in understanding the effects of science learning opportunities on their desire to learn more science. Thus, school science opportunities may be necessary but not sufficient for increasing student interest in learning more science. Since teachers have influence on both learning activities and a student's sense of self as a science learner, the results underscore the importance of preparing elementary teachers to foster student desire to learn more science in the future.
Neonatal Mastitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-one cases of neonatal mastitis seen at Children's Hospital, Boston since 1947 have been analyzed and the literature since 1950 reviewed. All 41, like those in the literature, occurred in full-term infants 1-5 weeks of age, with a sex ratio of 2:1 (females:males). Bilaterality was rare (3 cases in this series, one in the literature review) and systemic spread or extramammary foci even rarer. The incidence has changed little in the past 35 years except for the larger number of cases in the 1950s. In the present series, all but a few cases have been caused by Staphylococcus aureas, and gram-negative enteric bacilli have not been seen. Therapy is surgical incision and drainage when fluctuance is present, but early treatment with appropriate intravenous antibiotics has apparently obviated the need for surgery in many recent cases. The prognosis for cure of the infection is excellent.
Some Medicinal Plant Species of Asamagbe Stream Bank Vegetation, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was conducted along Asamagbe stream bank of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan in order to assess the numerous medicinal plants present in the area. 98 species in 92 genera and 49 families were identified. Trees were most common (44%) among the plant life forms identified. Interviews were conducted with local people who reported medicinal uses. These uses are also supported from previous studies. We conclude that it is important to adopt conservation practices for sustainable plant use within and outside the study area in-view of the ecological function of the stream bank and the local therapeutic value of these plant resources.
Radar based Microwave Imaging System Simulation for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a microwave imaging system was performed in simulation environment for the detection of breast cancer at an early stage. An ultra wide band, high gain, directional Vivaldi antenna was used as a biomedical sensor. An anatomically and physically realistic homogeneous breast model was created as a hemisphere. Two tumors with a radius of 1mm were placed in different locations. Using the signal processing techniques, these two tumors were successfully imaged in the correct locations.
Development of a national sport event risk management training program for college command groups

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The US Department of Homeland Security identified college sport venues as terrorist targets due to the potential for mass casualties and catastrophic social and economic impact. Therefore, it is critical for college sport safety and security personnel to implement effective risk management practices. However, deficiencies have been identified in the level of preparedness of college sport event security personnel related to risk management training and effective emergency response capabilities. To address the industry need, the National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security designed, developed, and evaluated a national sport event risk management training program for National Collegiate Athletic Association command groups. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the design, development, and evaluation process.
Conceptualizing high-impact practices within the frame of agricultural leadership education: A content analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of high-impact practices in undergraduate leadership courses is a common and effective way of developing students studying agriculture. However, each of the ten high-impact practices (HIPs) recognized by the Association of American Colleges and Universities (Kuh, 2008) are not equally studied or utilized by leadership educators. This study will provide a content analysis of the use of HIPs as a leadership pedagogy in undergraduate education. In the studies analyzed, which were grouped by categories of HIPs, only five of the ten main HIPs were represented. These were undergraduate research, diversity and global learning, internships, service learning, and capstone courses and projects. The analysis revealed each HIP resulted in one or more of Kuh’s (2008) proposed learning outcomes. Based on these findings, the researchers suggest HIPs be used more frequently in agricultural leadership curriculum and call on scholars to study the ten HIPs more closely.