jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UNC-40::GFP is localized at the sites of axon outgrowth.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This data is part of a published article: Experimental evidence for UNC-6 (netrin) axon guidance by stochastic fluctuations of intracellular UNC-40 (DCC) outgrowth activity Photomicrographs of the localization of UNC-40::GFP in the HSN neuron during the early stages of axon formation. UNC-40::GFP localization is associated with the sites of axon outgrowth. (A and B) An HSN neuron was imaged over a 1 h interval in the L2 stage. During this period a single broad leading edge forms ventrally. (A) Strong and uniform UNC-40::GFP fluorescence is observed on the left side (arrow) and at a leading ventral edge. (B) After 1 hour, strong and uniform UNC-40::GFP fluorescence is observed to the right (arrow), whereas the fluorescence on the left appears less uniform and intense. (C–E) During the L3 stage multiple neurites develop. Images show a progression of outgrowth. We note that the expression of UNC-40::GFP appears to exacerbate branching. See figure 1 in Adler et al. for a comparison to wild-type animals (Adler et al., 2006). Ventral is down and anterior is to the left. Scale bar: 5 µm.
The Protection of Cultural Property: the 1995 Unidroit Convention and the EEC Instruments of 1992/93 Compared

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Protection of Cultural Property: the 1995 Unidroit Convention and the EEC Instruments of 1992/93 Compared Get access Kurt Siehr Kurt Siehr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Uniform Law Review, Volume 3, Issue 2-3, April 1998, Pages 671–683, https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/3.2-3.671 Published: 01 April 1998
ROAD SALT /SODIUM CHLORIDE/ INJURY TO KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

THE FACTORS WHICH HAVE A BEARING ON SALT INJURY TO PLANTS ARE CENTERED AROUND THE MAIN DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON PLANTS' DIRECT TOXICITY TO THE PROTOPLASM, AND HIGHER WATER TENSION IN THE PLANT. THESE FACTORS ARE PLACED UNDER NINE HEADINGS AS FOLLOWS' /1/ AMOUNT OF ROCK SALT APPLIED, /2/ AMOUNT OF ROCK SALT REACHING THE VEGETATION, /3/ WATER AVAILABILITY, /4/ EXPECTED TEMPERATURES, /5/ EXPECTED WIND VELOCITY, /6/ SOIL FACTORS, /7/ PLANT DORMANCY , /8/ SALT TOLERANCE OF PLANTS, AND /9/ CUMULATIVE EFFECTS. THIS STUDY HAS SHOWN THAT SUFFICIENT ROCK SALT WAS APPLIED TO PARK ROADS TO CAUSE THE DEATH OF THE KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TURF ALONG THE ROADSIDES. WITH INCREASING USE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, THE DECLINE AND DEATH OF THE VEGETATION CAN BE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE. THE QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING SODIUM CHLORIDE INJURY AS PROPOSED BY THOMAS APPEARS SATISFACTORY FOR DETERMINING ROCK SALT INJURY. MORE ACCURATE RESULTS ARE OBTAINED WHEN TESTS ARE MADE SOON AFTER INJURY OCCURS. REFERENCES' A QUALITATIVE MICROCHEMICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING SODIUM CHLORIDE INJURY TO PLANTS, L. K. THOMAS JR., U. S. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SCI. REPT., 4'23-32, 1965.
The worm's turn: Genome-wide RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNAi-mediated silencing is now being used in multiple species, from plants to humans, to identify gene functions. This new technology is fully exploited in Caenorhabditis elegans, since an RNAi feeding library that has the potential to inactivate 86% of the predicted genes of the C. elegans genome is publicly available. This tool made systematic screening of genes involved in biological processes of interest easier, but there are some pitfalls: specificity, reproducibility and hypomorphic effects. However, as with any other technology, RNAi is getting better as time goes on. Once these caveats are taken into account, RNAi-mediated silencing is still a very powerful approach to identify new gene functions and to dissect complex pathways.
Explanatory of the Poetics of Stream of Consciousness Novel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The poetics of stream of consciousness novel emerged through allround factors is mainly composed of aesthetic creation of ontology, reality of immanent imago and nonindividual telling. Through literary historical comparison, it shows that from literary conception to narrative manner, this kind of novels is quite different from the conventional conception of novel. So it occupies its position indubitably in the art development of modern novel.
Protection of mice against lethal endotoxemia by lipid X is mediated through inhibition of neutrophil function.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of lipid X and 3-aza-lipid X on in vitro neutrophil function were related to their ability to inhibit the toxicity of endotoxin in galactosamine-sensitized mice. In vitro, lipid X and 3-aza-lipid X (100 ng/ml) blocked completely endotoxin (100 ng/ml)-enhanced neutrophil aggregation, superoxide anion generation, and release of beta-glucuronidase in response to a chemotactic tripeptide, f-met-leu-phe (10(-7) M). In vivo, lipid X at 250 micrograms/mouse (but not 3-aza-lipid X at a similar dose) protected groups of 10 mice from an otherwise lethal dose of endotoxin in galactosamine-sensitized mice when it was administered IV 4 hr or 2 hr before endotoxin challenge. The minimum effective dose of lipid X that could protect 50% of the challenged mice was calculated to be 715 micrograms/kg. However, lipid X failed to suppress neutrophil infiltration into the lungs. The ability of lipid X to inhibit endotoxin-induced neutrophil responses and to protect against lethal endotoxemia may be due to induction of early phase tolerance to endotoxin by the compound.
Management of Island Tourism Destinations in Sidoarjo Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lusi Island is one of the tourist destinations in Sidoarjo which is expected to become an environmentally friendly tourist destination with the theme of utilization, research, and conservation of mangroves. Lusi Island is not widely known by the public because visitors are still dominated by the Jabon sub-district and the surrounding area. This study aims to analyze and describe the management and constraints in the Management of Tourism Destinations on Lusi Island in Sidoarjo Regency. The research method used is a qualitative approach, data collected through observation, interviews and documentation, while the data sources are primary and secondary data. Informants who were determined by interview, the informants were UPT BPSPL Wilker staff, East Java Directorate General of PRL, Lusi Island Guard and Head of the Sidoarjo Regency Tourism Office, data analysis derived from Miles and Huberman data, namely through data collection, data, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the process of managing Lusi Island has not been maximized because there are several inhibiting factors. As for some of these factors, there is no government intervention in the process of maintaining and developing the island and there is no legality on the island of Lusi in Sidoarjo Regency.
Enhanced diffusion and non-Gaussian dynamics in driven magnetic nanoparticles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of paramagnetic colloidal nanoparticles driven above a triangular lattice of cylindrical ferromagnetic domains. We use an external precessing magnetic field to create a dynamic energy landscape which propels the particles along complex trajectories, characterized by an alternation of periodic orbital motion (localization) and stochastic particle jumping between nearest domains. We show that this system is populated by localized particles as well as delocalized (transported) ones, and tune their relative fraction via the field cone angle. Our driven system presents enhanced diffusive dynamics and an emergent non-Gaussian behavior which can be explained by considering two coexisting dynamic transport modes.
The International System and the Peace Map for Africa’s Great Lakes Region (AGLR)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The African continent habituated with volatile conflicts and protracted violence, be it intra-state or inter-state is also acquainted with multi-ethnic tensions breeding different militias. The trend, although not new, is the expanding phenomenon of Jihadism and general terrorism. Some of these and other forms of conflicts summarize the geopolitics of Africa’s Great Lakes Region (AGLR). The bloodbath wherein the subregion engrosses itself is not solely guided by political considerations. Both endogenous and exogenous capitalist economic profit have stirred the system while ethnic politics and politics on ethnic leanings have amplified the scenario. The endeavors of both the international community and regional blocs appear deficient – a consequence of the frailty of the UN system and general multilateralism. Peace is possible for AGLR when humanity is placed over the tidal wave of capitalist profit, patriotism over toxic ethnicity and respect is accorded to international jurisprudence emblemed by the bona fide principle of pacta sunt Servanda, without neglecting the capacity of the youth and peace education.
Cardiac Radiofrequency Ablation Exacerbates Myocardial Injury throughPro-Inflammatory Response and Pro-Oxidative Stress in Elderly Patientswith Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is a need to assess myocardial damage after radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins (PV) for persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF) in elderly patients. Objective: To evaluate oxidative stress, inflammatory response and myocardial damage in elderly patients with PAF after radiofrequency ablation of the PV. Methods: High-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), acrolein (ACR), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), angiotensin II (Ang II) and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were determined before ablation and at 1, 3 and 5 months after radiofrequency ablation. Results: The levels of hsTnT, MDA-LDL, ACR, LHP, TLR4, sST2 and Ang II were increased 3 months after ablations compared with before ablation and 1 month after ablation, respectively (P<0.001); they were further increased at 5 months after ablation compared with the 1- and 3-month groups, respectively (P<0.001). MBF was decreased in the 3 months group after ablations compared with before ablation and 1-month after ablation, respectively (P<0.001), and was further decreased in 5-months after ablations compared with 1-month and 3-month groups, respectively (P<0.001). Patients with epicardial monopolar radiofrequency ablation had higher levels of hsTnT, MDA-LDL, ACR, LHP, TLR4, sST2, Ang II and lower MBF than patients with endocardial monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablations, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Monopolar radiofrequency ablation method could result in more myocardial injury than bipolar radiofrequency ablation. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response may be involved in cardiac radiofrequency ablation-induced myocardial injury, resulting in myocardial ischemia in elderly patients with PAF.
GSK ‐3β/Notch‐1 Activation Promotes Radiation‐Induced Renal Damage: The Role of Gallic Acid in Mitigation of Nephrotoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Despite the therapeutic advances in treating malignancies, the efficient radiotherapeutic approaches with deprived adverse reactions still represent a potential clinical inquiry. The current study aims to elucidate the role of gallic acid (GA) in modifying the hazardous renal cytotoxicity induced by acute exposure to radiation. The MTT test was used to evaluate the viability of Vero cells exposed to 2 Gy gamma radiation with or without incubation of GA. In an in vivo model, male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups ( n = 6): Control, Irradiated (IRR, 5 Gy), GA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) + IRR, and Glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor (GSKI, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) + IRR. Based on the MTT toxicity assay, from 0 and up to 5 μM dosages of GA did not demonstrate any cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The optimal GA dose that could protect the cells from radiation was 5 μM. Furthermore, GA exerted a protective effect from gamma radiation on renal tissue as indicated by corrected renal functions, decreased LDH level in serum, and balanced oxidative status, which is indicated by decreased tissue contents of NOx and TBARS with a significant increase of reduced GSH. These outcomes were inferred by the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The overall molecular impact of radiation in damaging the renal tissue may be explained by modifying the upstream AKT activity and its downstream targets GSK‐3β/Notch‐1. Here, we concluded that the anticipated adverse reaction in the course of radiation exposure could be protected by daily administration of GA.
A panel of microsatellite markers to study sperm precedence patterns in the emperor dragonfly Anax imperator (Odonata: Anisoptera)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Odonates were the first group of organisms where sperm competition and last male sperm precedence have been identified. With the development of 10 microsatellites for the emperor dragonfly Anax imperator, the function and priority patterns of the multiple sperm storage organs of females can be studied and compared between species in natural populations. In addition, two microsatellite loci developed for the sister species Anax parthenope, are also highly polymorphic in A. imperator . For the presented 12 microsatellite loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 24. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.07 to 0.88.
Origin, evolution and diversification of plant ARGONAUTE proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Argonaute (AGO) proteins are central players in RNA interference in eukaryotes. They associate with small RNAs (sRNA) and lead to transcriptional or posttranscriptional silencing of targets, thereby regulating diverse biological processes. The molecular and biological functions of AGO proteins have been extensively characterized, particularly in a few angiosperm species, leading to the recognition that the AGO family has expanded to accommodate diverse sRNAs thereby performing diverse biological functions. However, understanding of the expansion of AGO proteins in plants is still limited, due to a dearth of knowledge of AGO proteins in green algal groups. Here, we identified more than 2900 AGO proteins from 244 plant species, including green algae, and performed a large‐scale phylogenetic analysis. The phylogeny shows that the plant AGO family gave rise to four clades after the emergence of hydrobiontic algae and prior to the emergence of land plants. Subsequent parallel expansion in ferns and angiosperms resulted in eight main clades in angiosperms: AGO2, AGO7, AGO6, AGO4, AGO1, AGO10a, AGO10b and AGO5. On the basis of this phylogeny, we identified two novel AGO4 orthologs that Arabidopsis does not have, and redefined AGO10, which is composed of AGO10a and AGO10b. Finally, we propose a hypothetical evolutionary model of AGO proteins in plants. Our studies provide a deeper understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of AGO family members in the green lineage, which would help to further reveal their roles as RNAi effectors.
Investigation of rs1800469 and rs1800468 Polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 Gene in Women with Pre-eclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives: to verify the contribution of polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs1800468 of the TGF-β1 gene and the risk factors for the pre-eclampsia development. Methods: this is a case-control study with 257 women from the Uberaba region of Minas Gerais were selected, 88 of them were in the pre-eclampsia group and 169 in the control group. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination using the real-time PCR technique. The odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the probability of the polymorphisms studied contributing for the pre-eclampsia development. The logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relation among family recurrence, smoking, primiparity and the presence of polymorphic alleles and susceptibility of preeclampsia. Results: no association was found between polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs1800468 of the TGF-β1 gene and pre-eclampsia. The logistic regression analysis was statistically significant for family recurrence, showing that women with a family history of pre-eclampsia and primiparity are at an increased risk of developing the disease. Conclusions: no association was found between polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs1800468 of the TGF-β1 and pre-eclampsia gene. Factors such as family history and primiparity were associated to the risk of developing pre-eclampsia.
Biomaterials Based on Essential Fatty Acids and Carbohydrates for Chronic Wounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic wounds such as decubitus ulcer remain challenging due to their integrated and overlapping phases.The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) enzymes, whose main function is to degrade all kinds of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, aid cellular migration and extracellular remodeling.MMPs, in the wound bed, allow the lysis of the dead tissues, by which the macrophages task becomes easier to digest the dead cells.MMPs activities should be monitored and inhibited as the healing process proceeds.If MMPs are not inhibited in time, they will break down tissue to attack the ECM itself creating chronic wounds.In the current work, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ricinoleic acid (RA) are extracted from commercial oils as MMPs inhibitors.A pharmaceutical carrier is formulated containing chitosan fine particles, impregnated silver nanoparticles into microcrystalline cellulose, CLA and RA.Carrier and the active ingredients were prepared and characterized by spectral and morphological analysis.The final formulation was examined for antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and in-vivo wound healing activity.Results showed a strong inhibitory activity against the tested pathogenic microorganisms for the silver contacting samples.The rates of wound closures during wound healing in diabetic male-rats of formulas containing ricinoleic acid was faster than that containing conjugated linoleic acid.
Rock Specimens Destruction Regularities under Uniaxial Compression

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Modern approach to the stress-strain state assessment of a mining structure design, especially when it is non-linearly deformed and areas of local destruction appear, should be based on the principle of step-by-step loading in the form of small increments of the loading factor. At each such step, due to fracture, the deformation properties of the materials composing the region change, forming a generally non-uniform and, possibly, non-linear deformation medium. The modelling results of the rock massif state within this approach may differ significantly from the results for one-step loading, which is usually used in researches. The article discusses the use of an iterative process of loading and destruction as applied to the simplest design, namely, for one-dimensional loading of a homogeneous rock specimen. It is shown that under the “rigid” loading conditions, the described approach makes it possible to simulate the characteristic features of damage localization in the sample and the nonlinear nature of the deformation as a whole, including post failure deformation.
Blood Pressure Monitoring

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Along with other physiologic parameters, blood pressure is a vital indicator of anesthetic stability. It is important for practitioners of anesthesia to have a working knowledge of the application of blood pressure monitoring. In this chapter, blood pressure definitions and methods of invasive and non-invasive measurement, along with benefits and limitations of each technique, are described. Dynamic markers of volume responsiveness, including pulse pressure variation and pulse variation index, are also discussed.
Ionosonde Observations of Spread F and Spread Es at Low and Middle Latitudes during the Recovery Phase of the 7–9 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study presents observations of nighttime spread F/ionospheric irregularities and spread Es at low and middle latitudes in the South East Asia longitude of China sectors during the recovery phase of the 7–9 September 2017 geomagnetic storm. In this study, multiple observations, including a chain of three ionosondes located about the longitude of 100°E, Swarm satellites, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ROTI maps, were used to study the development process and evolution characteristics of the nighttime spread F/ionospheric irregularities at low and middle latitudes. Interestingly, spread F and intense spread Es were simultaneously observed by three ionosondes during the recovery phase. Moreover, associated ionospheric irregularities could be observed by Swarm satellites and ground-based GNSS ionospheric TEC. Nighttime spread F and spread Es at low and middle latitudes might be due to multiple off-vertical reflection echoes from the large-scale tilts in the bottom ionosphere. In addition, we found that the periods of the disturbance ionosphere are ~1 h at ZHY station, ~1.5 h at LSH station and ~1 h at PUR station, respectively. It suggested that the large-scale tilts in the bottom ionosphere might be produced by LSTIDs (Large scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances), which might be induced by the high-latitude energy inputs during the recovery phase of this storm. Furthermore, the associated ionospheric irregularities observed by satellites and ground-based GNSS receivers might be caused by the local electric field induced by LSTIDs.
Our support workers are very good; but like all staff, they can play up

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the experiences of two groups of people in relation to their ideas about the role of support workers. The first group were made up of people with learning difficulties who were members of self advocacy organisations across the UK; the second group were advocacy support workers, seemingly employed by people with learning difficulties. The project also aimed to develop inclusive research methods. The research aimed to make sense of the support worker?s role and discover whether or not the meaning and purpose of their role was shared. Findings indicated that the support worker role was contested. People with learning difficulties and their supporters held a number of contradictory views about what support workers should do and how intensive their support should be. There was evidence of effective partnership working as well as examples of peoples? self-determination conflicting with supporter agendas. These inconsistencies appeared to be linked to the theoretical and value positions of the support workers.In the light of the current Government agenda around personalisation (and the call for advocacy support), it is likely that this support role will be enduring and therefore in need of further scrutiny. This papers points to implications for supporters, the people with learning difficulties who employ them and the future direction of self advocacy.