jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessing response of neoadjuvant chemo and radiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Rectal cancer is one of the most common tumors in industrialized countries and one of the most common malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. MR imaging has become the most accurate technique in local staging of rectal cancer; this is due to advances in terms of imaging equipment, coils, and sequences that have progressively improved the technique, with a parallel increase in accuracy. Objective: To assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion in staging of rectal carcinoma before and after chemo and radiation therapy in relation to histopathological findings. Materials and methods: The studied group included 19 patients proved to be rectal carcinoma by colonoscopy between October 2011 and December 2013. All patients were evaluated with conventional MRI and diffusion weighted images. Our population which was staged as Tx N2 M0 and T3–T4 Nx M0 stage, underwent MR and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) before neoadjuvant chemo and radiation therapy and later 6–8 wks. After the end of the treatment they performed again MR for the re-staging of disease. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for both examinations were calculated. Our gold standard was the histopathology. Results: For T stage conventional MRI showed 60% sensitivity and 33% specificity with overall diagnostic accuracy 46.5% which increased after adding DWI to 87% sensitivity and 80% specificity with an overall accuracy 83.5%. N stage prediction by conventional MRI was 74% sensitivity and 80% specificity with an overall accuracy 78%. This increased after adding DWI to 83% sensitivity and 83% specificity with an overall accuracy 83%. MRI with DWI showed diagnostic accuracy 94.7%, and without DWI the diagnostic accuracy was 84.2%. Conclusion: The use of additional DWI yields better diagnostic accuracy than does use of conventional MR imaging alone in the evaluation of complete response to neoadjuvant chemo radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
The Clinical Utility and Ecological Validity of the Medication Management Ability Assessment in Older Adults with and without Dementia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Older adults are susceptible to medication nonadherence, which may signify functional decline. Thus, performance-based proxies of medication-taking behavior may help diagnose dementia. We assessed the Medication Management Ability Assessment’s (MMAA) clinical utility and ecological validity. Method This was a retrospective chart review of 180 outpatients (age = 72 ± 8 years) who completed the MMAA during clinical evaluations. Forty-seven were cognitively normal (CN), 103 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 had dementia. Most (136) were independent in medication management, whereas 28 were assisted and 16 were dependent. Kruskal–Wallis tests assessed whether MMAA scores differed by diagnosis and independence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified diagnostic cut-offs. Classification accuracy estimates were derived. Results MMAA performance differed across diagnosis as expected (p’s &lt; .001). Those who were independent in medication management outperformed assisted and dependent counterparts (p’s &lt; .001). Assisted and dependent cases were no different. At a cut-off = 23, the MMAA was good-to-strong in distinguishing dementia from CN cases (Sn = 0.96, Sp = 0.83), dementia from MCI (Sn = 0.70, Sp = 0.83), and dementia from functionally unimpaired cases (Sn = 0.78, Sp = 0.83). At a cut-off = 27, it had good sensitivity but weaker specificity when distinguishing both MCI and all cognitively impaired patients (MCI and dementia) from CN cases (Sn = 0.81, Sp = 0.66 and Sn = 0.81, Sp = 0.72, respectively). Conclusions The MMAA has ecological validity and clinical utility in identifying dementia. Its inclusion in neuropsychological practice may be especially useful when medication mismanagement is suspected.
Parent–child contact problems and family intensive interventions: The crisis of adolescent suicidality and the role of social media

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although clinicians, educators and parents have been alarmed by the decline in the mental health of children and adolescents commensurate with the Covid‐19 pandemic, statistics indicate there has been a downward spiral over the last decade. This has been evident in the overall increase in suicide rates for young people. For legal and mental health professionals working in the Family Court system, this has provided unique challenges. Most vulnerable has been those children and adolescents embroiled in high conflict divorces, especially those exhibiting parent child contact problems. This article focuses upon that population exhibiting parent child contact problems, and their treatment, specifically Family Intensive Intervention. Building Family Resilience is an Intensive family treatment program that has had to address this deterioration in child and adolescent mental health and increase in suicidality. The role of social media in both exacerbating and/or ameliorating mental health issues is explored.
An Adaptive Line-of-Sight (ALOS) Guidance Law for Path Following of Aircraft and Marine Craft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This brief presents a novel nonlinear adaptive line-of-sight (ALOS) guidance law for path following, compensating for drift forces due to wind, waves, and ocean currents. The ALOS guidance law is proven to have uniform semiglobal exponential stability (USGES) properties during straight-line path following at constant speed. The ALOS guidance law performs similar to the classical integral line-of-sight (ILOS) and adaptive ILOS guidance laws when the sideslip angle is nearly constant. The ALOS guidance law, however, has better tracking capabilities when compensating for rapidly varying sideslip caused by a time-varying disturbance. This is because the integral state of the ALOS guidance law is additive to the unknown sideslip angle (disturbance matching). In contrast, the ILOS guidance laws must compensate sideslip through a saturating arctangent function. The study also includes an input-to-state stable (ISS) reduced-order extended state observer for estimation of the line-of-sight (LOS) crab angle, known as the ELOS guidance law. The performance of the ALOS, ILOS, and ELOS guidance laws is compared by simulating rapid changes in the sideslip angle to stress the critical assumptions of the algorithms. Finally, a case study of the Remus 100 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) exposed to stochastic ocean currents is used to compare the performance of the ILOS, ALOS, and ELOS algorithms during normal operation.
Bureaucratic Innovation and Economic Development in the Middle East: A Study of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Sudan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Economic policy in the Arab world is dominated by the bureaucracy which plans, coordinates, and implements development plans; controls the allocation of the state's natural resources; and is increasingly used by Arab states to regulate the economic activities of their citizens. This paper provides an empirical assessment of bureaucratic innovation and its relationship to economic development in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Sudan. The data are derived from parallel surveys of senior public officials in Sudan and Saudi Arabia, as well as from a general survey of the Egyptian bureaucracy. It concludes that public servants in those countries are not innovative on the job, nor inclined to try new ideas and take risks. Their apathy, which was empirically confirmed by their superiors, does not augur well for economic development in the countries which serve as a focus for this study.
Does Lack of Commitment Undermine the Hypocrite's Standing to Blame?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT According to an influential account of standing, hypocritical blamers lack standing to blame in virtue of their lack of commitment to the norm etc. which they invoke. Nevertheless, the commitment account has the wrong shape for it to explain why hypocrites lack standing to blame. Building on the lessons of that critique I propose a novel account of what undermines standing to blame – the comparative fairness account. This differs from the commitment account and the other prominent account of why hypocrites lack standing to blame offered in the literature: the moral equality account. Finally, I observe that, intuitively, lack of commitment undermines standing to blame and that many hypocrites might lack standing for that reason also. Moreover, typically the hypocrite's failure to address their own faults is a feature in virtue of which, other things being equal, the hypocrite is less committed to the norm in question. These two observations provide the basis for an error theory of the commitment account's appeal, despite its inability to explain why, qua hypocritical blamer, one lacks standing to blame.
Clean Climbing, Carabiners, and Cultural Cultivation: Developing an Open-Systems Perspective of Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this inductive study, we explore the dynamics between Alpinista (a pseudonym), a company that designs and manufactures rock climbing and skiing gear, and the broader cultures within which the company is embedded. Our data pushed us toward the notion of “culture as toolkit,” a perspective that focuses on culture as a set of means or resources used to solve problems. By applying this perspective, we realized that Alpinista's cultural toolkit and the cultural register of the sports (the sum of the toolkits and cultural resources available for members in the environment) influence one another. To explain these dynamics, we induce a grounded model of cultural cultivation—practices that contribute to the intermingling of organizational and societal cultures—that describes cultural infusions (when the organization imports cultural materials and translates them) and cultural seeding (when the organization exports cultural materials into the environment). We describe which actors (both inside and outside of the organization) can be involved in these processes. The model that emerges from these data provides insight into the cultural dynamics present as organizational culture and broader societal cultures interact, providing insight on issues of organizational authenticity and the paradox of similarity and uniqueness.
Error Equalisation for Sparse Image Mosaic Construction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new error equalisation method for construction of mosaics built from a large number of images that may not completely cover a scene (’sparse’ coverage without all the overlapping images in the neighbourhood). The proposed method is shown to achieve consistent sparse image mosaic construction with the final alignment error no bigger, and in most cases smaller, than the error introduced by the transformation parameter estimation method. The performance of the proposed method is validated using simulation data as well as X-ray images acquired from non-destructive inspection of physically large aircraft components.
Highly efficient green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with improved efficiency roll-off

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. Thangaraju, Jonghee Lee, Jeong-Ik Lee, Hye Yong Chu, Yun-Hi Kim, Soon-Ki Kwon; Highly efficient green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with improved efficiency roll-off. AIP Conf. Proc. 24 June 2015; 1665 (1): 060019. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4917854 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Effects of line parameters on performance of voltage source converters in distributed generation systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the operational domain of three phase voltage source converters (VSC) connected to an ac grid. The effects of the parameters (X/R ratio) of the conductors between the VSC and grid on the active and reactive power transfer are analyzed. The impacts on the control parameters, namely, the power angle and output voltage of VSC have been described. The study has revealed the active and reactive power operational domain in relation to the circuit parameters. The simulation studies are conducted; the presented results have confirmed the analysis results. The results could be used to determine the power controllability of a VSC, therefore, the capacity of controlling reactive power/power factor while transfer the active power.
The Excellence Award at the Fonds Ricœur’s Summer Workshop 2021 - “Ricœur rhétorique. The Missed Encounter with Chaïm Perelman in The Rule of Metaphor”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that Ricœur’s philosophy operates on the basis of a more expansive conception of rhetoric than it first appears. To show this, I reread The Rule of Metaphor through the “new rhetoric” of Chaïm Perelman. First, I survey Ricœur’s understanding of rhetoric in the 1950s and 60s. Second, I examine Ricœur’s relation to Perelman within the context of the broader “rhetorical turn” of the 1970s. After examining their respective positions, I argue that Ricœur fails to appreciate the full significance of Perelman’s conception of audience. In doing so, I draw attention to the central role that Ricœur himself ascribes to the audience or reader in the “work of meaning.” I conclude by proposing that the rhetorical triad of logos/ethos/pathos may serve as a conceptual matrix with which the rhetorical aspects of Ricœur’s philosophy can be interpreted.
160 THE EFFECTS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND GLUCAGON STIMULATED INSULIN SECRETION:

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose

Severe zinc (Zn) deficiency has been shown to inhibit INS storage and release. We tested the hypothesis that mild and moderate, as well as severe, Zn deficiency alters glucose (GLC) homeostasis by affecting INS release, using GLC and glucagon as physiologically different INS secretogogues.

Methods

Weanling rats were fed diets containing different levels of Zn: very low Zn (VLZ, ≤1 mg Zn/kg diet), low Zn (LZ, 7 mg Zn/kg diet), mildly low Zn (MLZ, 15 mg Zn/kg diet), and control (25 mg Zn/kg diet), ad libitum for 3 weeks. In anticipation of reduced food intake, an additional group was pair-fed (PF) to VLZ rats. After 3 weeks on respective diets, rats were fasted overnight (12h), then given an intraperitoneal (ip) GLC injection (2 g/kg body weight) or ip glucagon injection (200 μg/kg body weight). Plasma samples for INS and GLC were collected at baseline and at periodic time intervals after injection.

Results

In the basal state, no differences in resting plasma GLC between groups were noted. INS values were significantly decreased in VLZ and PF relative to controls with MLZ and LZ having intermediate levels. Basal (Table) INS/GLC ratios were significantly lower in all treatment groups compared to controls and were lowest in VLZ and PF. In response to ip GLC, plasma GLC levels rose similarly in all groups. INS levels remained low in VLZ and PF compared to controls (p ≤ 0.01) and the area beneath the INS curve (AUCi) was lowest in VLZ and PF rats compared to other groups. In response to ip glucagon, plasma GLC levels rose similarly in all groups while INS levels were lower in VLZ and PF rats compared to controls after 60 min (p ≤ 0.01). AUCi after glucagon was significantly lower in VLZ rats compared to LZ, MLZ and controls (p≤0.05) and lower (p=0.07) than PF. INS levels increased less in all Zn deficient groups relative to controls after glucagon as opposed to ip GLC.

Conclusion

These results confirm that INS secretion is depressed by degrees of Zn deficiency that may be observed in humans. Whether the abnormality is due to Zn-induced inability to store or release INS is not known, but both mechanisms are likely to be affected.
Aggressiveness and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium meridionale Compared with F. graminearum on Maize Ears and Stalks in the Field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium meridionale and F. graminearum both cause Gibberella ear rot (GER) and Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) of maize in Brazil, but the former is much more common. Recent work with two isolates of each from maize suggested this dominance could be caused by greater aggressiveness and competitiveness of F. meridionale on maize. We evaluated pathogenicity and toxigenicity of 16 isolates of F. graminearum and 24 isolates of F. meridionale recovered from both wheat and maize. Strains were individually inoculated into ears of four maize hybrids in field trials. GER severity varied significantly between isolates within each species. Although ranges overlapped, the average GER severity induced by F. meridionale (25.2%) was two times as high overall as that induced by F. graminearum (12.8%) for isolates obtained from maize but was similar for those isolated from wheat (19.9 and 21.4%, respectively). In contrast, severity of GSR was slightly higher for F. graminearum (22.2%) than for F. meridionale (19.8%), with no effect of the host of origin. Deoxynivalenol and its acetylated form 15ADON were the main mycotoxins produced by F. graminearum (7/16 strains), and nivalenol toxin was produced by F. meridionale (17/24 strains). Six isolates of F. graminearum and three of F. meridionale also produced zearalenone. Results confirmed that F. meridionale from maize is, on average, more aggressive on maize but also suggested greater complexity related to diversity among the isolates within each species and their interactions with different hybrids. Further studies involving other components of the disease cycle are needed to more fully explain observed patterns of host dominance.
Efficient estimation under data fusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary We aim to make inferences about a smooth, finite-dimensional parameter by fusing together data from multiple sources. Previous works have studied the estimation of a variety of parameters in similar data fusion settings, including estimation of the average treatment effect and average reward under a policy, with the majority of them merging one historical data source with covariates, actions and rewards, and one data source of the same covariates. In this article, we consider the general case where one or more data sources align with each part of the distribution of the target population, such as the conditional distribution of the reward given actions and covariates. We describe potential gains in efficiency that can arise from fusing these data sources together in a single analysis, which we characterize by a reduction in the semiparametric efficiency bound. We also provide a general means of constructing estimators that achieve these bounds. Numerical simulations demonstrate marked improvements in efficiency from using the proposed estimators rather than their natural alternatives. Finally, we illustrate the magnitude of efficiency gains that can be realized in vaccine immunogenicity studies by fusing data from two HIV vaccine trials.
The Interaction between Human Rights Fact-Finding and International Criminal Proceedings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter develops a differentiated typology, or "polycentric model", for analyzing the interaction between human rights fact-finders and international criminal courts and tribunals. It acknowledges the autonomy and inherent features of human rights fact- finders and those tribunals, including their legitimate differences. It argues that the impact of human rights fact-finding on international criminal proceedings differs according to a number of internal and external parameters. It then formulates a number of propositions to assess the relevance of materials, documents, and testimony provided by fact-finding bodies and to improve interaction with international criminal courts and tribunals (ICCTs). The proposed matrix does not seek to provide definitive answers and solutions. Rather, it marks an attempt to bring further complexity into a somewhat polarized debate, by theorizing interaction through a pluralist lens.
Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A3COSMOS). I. Robust ALMA Continuum Photometry Catalogs and Stellar Mass and Star Formation Properties for ∼700 Galaxies at z = 0.5–6

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rich information on (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission from distant galaxies in the public Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archive is contained in thousands of inhomogeneous observations from individual PI-led programs. To increase the usability of these data for studies deepening our understanding of galaxy evolution, we have developed automated mining pipelines for the ALMA archive in the COSMOS field (A3COSMOS) that efficiently exploit the available information for large numbers of galaxies across cosmic time and keep the data products in sync with the increasing public ALMA archive: (a) a dedicated ALMA continuum imaging pipeline, (b) two complementary photometry pipelines for both blind source extraction and prior source fitting, (c) a counterpart association pipeline utilizing the multiwavelength data available (including quality assessment based on machine-learning techniques), (d) an assessment of potential (sub)millimeter line contribution to the measured ALMA continuum, and (e) extensive simulations to provide statistical corrections to biases and uncertainties in the ALMA continuum measurements. Application of these tools yields photometry catalogs with ∼1000 (sub)millimeter detections (spurious fraction ∼8%–12%) from over 1500 individual ALMA continuum images. Combined with ancillary photometric and redshift catalogs and the above quality assessments, we provide robust information on redshift, stellar mass, and star formation rate for ∼700 galaxies at redshifts 0.5–6 in the COSMOS field (with undetermined selection function). The ALMA photometric measurements and galaxy properties are released publicly within our blind extraction, prior fitting, and galaxy property catalogs, plus the images. These products will be updated on a regular basis in the future.
Strategic Study on the Integrated Development of Small Towns in Provincial Boundary Areas: Taking a Small Town in Jiangsu-Anhui Boundary Area as an Example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Small towns in provincial boundary areas are a rather special type among China's small towns and are responsible to the new countryside construction and the overall regional development. First of all, this paper defines some basic conceptions and types of small towns in provincial boundary areas and summarizes basic characteristics. Then, problems existing in this kind of towns are analyzed and strategies for promoting its integrated development are suggested. In the end, this paper makes an empirical research on Wujiang town, which lies in Jiangsu- Anhui boundary area, in the aspect of integrated development strategies.