jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nosological status of schizoaffective disorders: Theoretical models and empirical evidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The question of the nosological status of schizoaffective disorders remains one of the most controversial issues of clinical psychiatry. There are, in fact, at least five different hypotheses about the nature of these disorders: • that they are always variants of schizophrenia, • that they are always variants of major affective disorders, • that they represent a “third psychosis” distinct from both schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, • that they find their place in the intermediate position of a “continuum” whose poles are represented by the typical forms of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, • that they result from the simultaneous occurrence of a true schizophrenia and a true manic-depressive illness in the same patient. The last of these hypotheses can hardly be accepted, since it would predict an annual frequency of schizoaffective disorders of about 2 per 10 8 , compared to the actual frequency of 2 per 10 5 . Of the remaining four hypotheses, the first two are consistent with the Kraepelinian “dichotomic” paradigm, whereas the third and the fourth contradict this paradigm. The results of empirical investigations (that is, of family studies, outcome studies and studies on response to drug treatments in schizoaffective patients) do not provide a full support to any of the above hypotheses. What empirical evidence seems to show, instead, is that schizoaffective disorders represent a heterogeneous group of syndromes. Part of these disorders can be interpreted, upon close scrutiny, as variants of either of the major psychoses (for instance, bipolar schizoaffective States appear to be closely allied to major affective disorders). There seems to be, however, a subpopulation of schizoaffective patients which escapes the Kraepelinian dichotomic model.
III.—On the Occurrence of a Ceratozamia in the Tertiary Flora of Leoben in Styria

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mr. Adolph Hoffmann has kindly sent me a large series of fossil plants from the Tertiary strata of Leoben containing a very rich fossil flora. On examining the latter, I discovered a fossil leaf, which I at once recognized as a Cycad . Remains of that family of plants are extraordinarily rare in the Tertiary strata of Europe. They are limited almost entirely to the Eocene formation. The occurrence, therefore, of such a fossil in the Tertiary flora of Leoben, which belongs to the Miocene period, calls forth the greatest interest, and I shall not fail to give a preliminary notice on the subject to palaeontologists.
Manifestations of everyday design: Guiding goals and motivations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the relationship between goals, materials and competences in the practice of everyday design. Appropriations and creative uses of design artifacts are often reported in terms of outcomes and goals; however, we observe a gap in understanding how materials, tools, and competences are also involved in these processes. We conduct a multiple case study of three groups of everyday designers: families, hobbyist jewelers, and steampunk enthusiasts. We provide a description of the aspects of meaning, materials, and competences, as well as how they are interrelated, for each case. Our findings show that amongst these three aspects of the practice of everyday designers, it is the meaning of the practice that acts as the strongest motivator for practitioners. Materials, tools, and competences are hence largely determined accordingly. The implications of this study propose ways to design for practices with different types of meaning: foundational, aesthetic, and aspirational goals.
TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY OF FRENCH NOVELS INTO INDONESIAN IN COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the differences in the expression of meaning of the colonial and postcolonial French novels and the ideology of translating French novels into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. This study uses data from French novels and their translations into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. The data were analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative-comparative method. The results of this study show that text message expression during colonial period is indirect due to at that time The society was under the rule of the Dutch colonialists or subaltern. In post-colonial period, the community social situation changed, people were no longer afraid to express their thoughts or they were more open so that the delivery of meaning is direct. Colonial period novels have two types of foreignization ideology, namely self-names translation and setting translation, while post-colonial period novels have three types, namely self-names translation, title translation, and setting translation. The novels domestication ideology during colonial period occurred in translation of pronouns on and the translation of kinship calls, while in post-colonial period novels it occurred in pronouns on translation, kinship calls translation, and self-names translation. The different ideology in the two novels is self-names translation.
Feature-Aware Verification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A software product line is a set of software products that are distinguished in terms of features (i.e., end-user--visible units of behavior). Feature interactions ---situations in which the combination of features leads to emergent and possibly critical behavior--- are a major source of failures in software product lines. We explore how feature-aware verification can improve the automatic detection of feature interactions in software product lines. Feature-aware verification uses product-line verification techniques and supports the specification of feature properties along with the features in separate and composable units. It integrates the technique of variability encoding to verify a product line without generating and checking a possibly exponential number of feature combinations. We developed the tool suite SPLverifier for feature-aware verification, which is based on standard model-checking technology. We applied it to an e-mail system that incorporates domain knowledge of AT&T. We found that feature interactions can be detected automatically based on specifications that have only feature-local knowledge, and that variability encoding significantly improves the verification performance when proving the absence of interactions.
Assessment of Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia after Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

長野県立こども病院において、未熟児網膜症の光凝固治療後に発症した近視性不同視弱視8例を経験し、未熟児網膜症の光凝固治療が視力差に及ぼす影響とその視力予後について考察したので報告する。対象は、当院で未熟児網膜症に対して治療として両眼に光凝固のみが施行された66例中、近視性不同視弱視を発症した8例である。治療開始年齢(眼鏡装用開始年齢)は平均20.6ヶ月±12.9ヶ月、眼鏡装用開始時の弱視眼屈折度は平均-8.0D±2.88D、健眼屈折度は平均-2.86D±3.33D、不同視差は平均5.11D±1.51Dであった。弱視治療は調節麻痺下の屈折値を参考に、眼鏡の装用と健眼遮蔽を行なった。未熟児網膜症の光凝固治療が視力差に及ぼす影響として、光凝固治療時の活動期病変、瘢痕期の程度、治療回数、光凝固時の出力、総凝固数、凝固範囲、眼球が受けた総エネルギーを健眼と弱視眼で比較した結果、両者間に差はみられなかった。弱視眼最高視力は0.2～0.7で、内訳は0.3～0.4にとどまる症例が8例中6例と最も多かった。弱視眼視力は3歳位までは健眼視力の発達に遅れはするものの伸びているが、後半伸び悩む傾向がみられた。
The attitudes of religious, environmental, and science policy leaders toward biotechnology.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Biotechnology is an increasingly visible and important item on the national science policy agenda. With growing corporate and governmental funding, basic research in recombinant DNA and related technologies is expanding rapidly. In a parallel and related process, new agricultural, medical, and other applications are being developed and a growing list of genetically-engineered products is ready for field testing and market distribution. In the months and years ahead, the flow of genetically-engineered products into the marketplace and the media coverage related to those new products will increase the public's awareness of biotechnology. In addition, it is possible that some public policy debate will occur over the issue of field testing new genetically-engineered materials. Media coverage of this type of controversy will also heighten awareness and influence the aggregate level of public awareness of biotechnology. The prospect of a public debate or controversy over any biotechnology issue illustrates a fundamental problem in the formulation of science policy within a democratic political system. The processes and techniques involved in genetic engineering and complex and require some level of scientific background knowledge. A 1979 study found that only seven per cent of American adults met a minimal definition of scientific literacy. It is clear that the current levels of public awareness and knowledge about biotechnology will not allow a public policy debate similar to those associated with controversies involving Social Security or gasoline prices. How, then, does a democratic society establish public policies on advanced technical issues like biotechnology? This report will outline a model of policy formulation for specialized issues and describe the results of a national study of relevant policy leaders concerning biotechnology. To understand the formulation of public policy toward biotechnology, it is necessary to focus on the role of the policy leaders in a stratified model. In general, when there is agreement on a given policy between the decision-makers and the policy leaders, the policy is implemented and there is no wider involvement in the policy formulation process. A large number of science and technology policy issues have been handled in this manner in the decades since the Second World War and it is likely that most science policy matters will continue to be resolved directly between policy leaders and decision-makers. Looking at the general science policy formulation process, it is clear that policy leaders are an important component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Practical implications of memory characteristics in autistic spectrum disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Schacter (2003) has given an accessible account of practical memory characteristics in the general population, through an analysis of memory problems – characterized as the seven 'sins' of memory. Memory in autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) is nontypical; nevertheless, Schacter's analysis provides a useful framework for examining that difference in practical aspects of memory. This chapter will consider practical functioning of memory in people with ASDs, through looking at the evidence of its features and how it differs from typical memory functioning. This evidence comes both from the research literature and also as reported in clinical or autobiographical accounts of individuals.
Los Efectos de la Migración en Tumbiscatío, Michoacán

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

En este artículo se analiza el complejo fenómeno social de la migración internacional México-Estados Unidos, particularmente el caso de la Tierra Caliente de Michoacán enfatizando en el municipio de Tumbiscatío. Dicho \nmunicipio se localiza en la frontera de la Tierra Caliente y la Costa michoacana, el cual se caracteriza por ser uno de los cinco municipios más marginados de la entidad, lo que se traduce en un mayor rezago educativo, salud, vivienda, empleo, narcotráfico, inseguridad y un alto índice de \nmigración. Ahí, las condiciones físico-geográficas han incidido de manera importante en el desarrollo local y regional, así como en el crecimiento de la agricultura, ganadería e industria, lo que representa un obstáculo en la generación de proyectos productivos que puedan reactivar la economía de \nTumbiscatio.
Aedes thibaulti in northern New Jersey.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aedes thibaulti Dyar and Knab occurs from southern Louisiana, USA, to Ontario, Canada, but has an exceptionally patchy distribution over much of its range. Typical breeding habitat for this univoltine species includes cavities at the bases of trees growing in low-lying swampy areas or dark recesses within the root balls of upturned trees. Larvae have never been collected in the northeastern portion of the range, but adult records suggest that breeding populations are present. The lack of low-lying swampland in northern areas where adults have been collected suggests that the breeding habitat for this species may not be as specific as previously believed. On April 20, 1997, we collected Ae. thibaulti larvae from the flooded cavity of a red maple tree (Acer rubrum) growing next to a temporary snow pool in northern New Jersey. Larvae persisted in this habitat until mid-May when the cavity dried completely. The collection suggests that Ae. thibaulti is a cavity breeder in the northern portion of its range, but is able to utilize cavity habitats associated with temporary pools in dry forested areas.
How urgent are cases brought to the emergency department by ambulance?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Emergency departments are the first places to which patients present with unexpected or unforeseen health problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the urgency of cases brought by ambulance to the Hospital on the basis of a three-level triage system.Methods: This study was performed between 01.06.2013 and 31.09.2013 at the Diyarbakır Education and Research Hospital. Our emergency service unit is a third degree service for all adult patient groups and all child trauma types. Triage of patients brought to the emergency department by ambulance was performed by emergency medicine specialists. Patients’ vital findings, identity data and triage categories were assessed.Results: 712 patients were included, 382 (53.7%) male and 330 (46.3%) female, with a mean age of 45. In this study, 619 (86.9%) patients were transferred from the scene and 93 (13.1) between hospitals, 483 (67.8%) patients were brought by emergency medicine technician (EMT) teams, 107 (15%) by physician-led teams, 107 (15) by paramedic teams and 15 (2.1%) by other teams, 442 (62.1%) patients were assessed as yellow, 141 (19.8%) as green and 129 (19.1%) as red zone. Five hundred eighty (81.5%) patients were discharged and 115 (15.9%) were hospitalized.Conclusion: Emergency health services are clearly developing rapidly in Turkey. In order for pre-hospital emergency health services not to be abused, we think that these services should be up to the standards of those in developed countries and that public awareness needs to be increased, particularly with regard to triage. J Clin Exp Invest 2015; 6 (2): 126-129Key words: Emergency medicine, triage, ambulance
Factors Related to Adolescent Reproductive Health Behavior at SMKN I Subang, West Java Province in 2023

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Adolescents have a significant position in the development process because adolescents are the next generation of the nation. Health conditions, including reproductive health, are important. Based on interviews with 20 students, it was found that 80% of female students and 90% of male students had less knowledge about reproductive health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with adolescent reproductive health behavior. Mixed methods (sequential explanatory) research method cross-sectional research design. The population in this study is all grade X students of SMKN 1 Subang as many as 849 students. The research sample was class X as many as 201 students, quantitative sampling techniques purposive sampling, qualitative informants 6 people who had risky behavior. Analysis of univariate, bivariate data with chi-square test and multivariate with logical regression. The results of the bivariate analysis showed an association between sex (p-value = 0.000), exposure to information (p-value = 0.000), living with parents (p-value = 0.000), knowledge (p-value = 0.000), no attitude relationship (p-value = 0.171) access to health services with reproductive health behavior (p-value = 0.457). The dominant factor associated with reproductive health behavior is exposure to information (p-value = 0.000). The conclusion is that adolescent reproductive health behavior is greatly influenced by exposure to information. It is expected that the school will be able to collaborate and cooperate with the puskesmas to increase knowledge about reproductive health behavior, especially about sexually transmitted diseases through health counseling which is carried out a maximum of once every 3 months.
Assessing the Impact of Village Banking Groups on Women's Livelihoods in the Lusaka District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aimed to explore the impact of village banking on women’s livelihoods in Lusaka district. A qualitative survey was conducted among 21 women, of which 12 were members of the village banking groups, and 9 were non-
members of any village banking group in the district. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that participation in village banking had a significant positive impact on women’s livelihoods in
Lusaka district. Women reported increased income from businesses, improved access to credit, and enhanced social
capital through networking with other group members. Additionally, women who participated in village banking reported
enhanced self-confidence and decision-making skills, which positively influenced their entrepreneurial activities. On the
other hand, women who never participated in village banking activities reported that lack of understanding rules
governing village banking, too many stories of thefts, prohibitive interest rates, and high risk of losing investment savings
due to dishonest members, are some of the reasons why they don’t feel like joining the village banking groups.
The study also found that participation in village banking provided women with a platform to voice out their
concerns and challenges, which were then addressed through collective action within their groups. This has led to the
development of community-driven solutions that enhanced the well-being and economic security of women and their
families.
All in all, this study underscores the importance of village banking as a strategy for empowering women and
promoting sustainable livelihoods in Lusaka district. This now calls for policymakers and development practitioners to
consider investing in similar initiatives that prioritize the economic integration of women, particularly in settings where
poverty and gender disparities are prevalent.
Deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient human fibroblasts. Immunological identification.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A previously reported deficiency of "total" pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity is further characterized. Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) activities in the patient's fibroblasts were normal. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (E1) was 33% of that in fibroblasts from an age-matched control. The amounts of each of the components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were analyzed using an immunoblot technique and specific antibodies. Levels of components E2 and E3 were the same in fibroblasts from the patient and control, confirming the activity measurements. However, the levels of E1 alpha and E1 beta were reduced markedly in fibroblasts from the patient. Thus, impairment in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was due to a reduction in the amount of the E1 component of the complex.
Breast cancer incidence: Decreasing trend in large tumours in women aged 50–74

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective A decrease in advanced breast cancer incidence is considered an early indicator of breast cancer mortality reduction in a screening programme. We describe trends in breast cancer incidence according to tumour size and age in three French administrative areas, where an organized screening programme was implemented during the 1990s. Methods Our study included all 28,092 invasive breast cancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 in women living in three areas (Hérault, Isère, Loire-Atlantique). Age, year of diagnosis, and size of tumour at diagnosis was provided by the three area cancer registries. Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate changes in incidence over time, after adjustment for age and administrative area. Results From 2000 to 2010, the incidence rate of large (tumour size >20 mm) breast cancer linearly decreased in women aged 50–74 (target age of the screening programme) from 108.4 to 84.1/100,000 (annual percent change = −1.9%, p < 0.001). No change in large breast cancer incidence rate was found in women aged 20–49, or older than 74. Conclusions A decreasing trend in incidence of large tumour size breast cancer in the target age of the screening programme is demonstrated for the first time in France. The overall 20.9% linear decrease over 11 years in these three areas is encouraging and should be closely monitored and extended to other areas of France, where the screening programme was generally implemented only in 2004.
Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Supplementation in Tris Extender Can Improve Frozen–Thawed Bull Semen Quality

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Content The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of α ‐linolenic acid ( ALA ) on frozen–thawed quality and fatty acid composition of bull sperm. For that, twenty‐four ejaculates obtained from three bulls were diluted in a Tris extender containing 0 (control), 3, 5, 10 and 15 ng/ml of ALA . Extended semen was incubated at 37°C for 15 min, to allow absorption of ALA by sperm cell membrane. The sample was chilled for 2 h, packed into 0.25‐ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Subsequently, straws were thawed and evaluated for total sperm motility (computer‐assisted semen analysis), membrane functional integrity (hypo‐osmotic swelling test), viability (eosin‐nigrosin), fatty acid composition (gas chromatography) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances ( TBARS )). A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of total sperm motility was observed in ALA groups 5 ng/ml (47.74 ± 07) and 10 ng/ml (44.90 ± 0.7) in comparison with control (34.53 ± 3.0), 3 ng/ml (34.40 ± 2.6) and 15 ng/ml (34.60 ± 2.9). Still, the 5 ng/ml ALA group presented a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of viable sperms (74.13 ± 0.8) and sperms with intact membrane (74.46 ± 09) than all other experimental groups. ALA concentration and lipid peroxidation in post‐thawed sperm was higher in all treated groups when compared to the control group. As such, the addition of 5 ng/ml of ALA to Tris extender improved quality of frozen–thawed bull spermatozoa.
Computation of Resource Circuits of Petri Nets by Using Binary Decision Diagrams

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deadlocks are a constant issue in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). Circular wait is a necessary condition of deadlocks. In the framework of Petri nets modeling FMSs, deadlocks have a great relation with the resource circuits. In the paper, we present a symbolic approach to compute all resource circuits of Petri net models of FMSs by using binary decision diagrams (BDDs). BDDs can represent large sets of encoded data with compact shared structures and enable the efficient manipulation of those sets. Thus, the presented approach can efficiently find all resource circuits of a net model of an FMS. A number of examples are provided to demonstrate the proposed method.