jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of APRIN expression increases cancer cell proliferation via an interleukin-6/STAT3/cyclin&nbsp;D axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

APRIN is a putative tumor suppressor whose expression is low in a variety of cancer cells. While decreased expression of APRIN leads to increased cell proliferation, unfavorable diagnosis or metastases in various cancer types, there is limited knowledge on the cellular mechanism of APRIN in cellular responses. The effect of APRIN depletion on cancer cell proliferation was examined in the present study, and the IL-6/STAT3/cyclin D axis was identified as a novel regulatory mechanism. Stable depletion of APRIN in cancer cells resulted in increased cell proliferation. Cytokine array analysis of the cells revealed that downregulation of APRIN induced secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with corresponding activation of STAT3, a downstream intracellular mediator. Levels of cyclin D1 were increased in cells with APRIN depletion and cyclin D1 expression was associated with increased STAT3 binding on cyclin D1 promoter sequence; assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The addition of an IL-6 neutralizing antibody P620 to the cell culture attenuated STAT3 activation and cyclin D1 expression in APRIN-depleted cells with corresponding decrease in cell proliferation. These experiments suggest that APRIN regulates cancer cell proliferation via an IL-6/STAT3/cyclin D axis and that targeting this axis in APRIN-associated cancer might provide a novel therapeutic approach.
Dissecting Plasmodium drug resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Malarial Genomics
Malaria is a deadly disease with no effective vaccine. Physicians thus depend on antimalarial drugs to save lives, but such compounds are often rendered ineffective when parasites evolve resistance. Cowell et al. systematically studied patterns of Plasmodium falciparum genome evolution by analyzing the sequences of clones that were resistant to diverse antimalarial compounds across the P. falciparum life cycle (see the Perspective by Carlton). The findings identify hitherto unrecognized drug targets and drug-resistance genes, as well as additional alleles in known drug-resistance genes.

Science , this issue p. [191][1]; see also p. [159][2]

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aan4472
[2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aar4189
Surgical and transcatheter left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased stroke risk in comparison to those with non-valvular AF not affected by HCM. Objectives To investigate the role of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with HCM and AF. Methods and results We identified patients with HCM and AF using the National Readmission Dataset. Patients were stratified based on LAAC status. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, TIA, and all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome was a composite of major bleeding and pericardial complications. Patients were matched using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Cox-proportional hazard regression was applied to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) on matched cohorts. We identified 71 980 patients with HCM and AF. 1351 (1.9%) patients underwent LAAC. Two hundred and eighty-seven (21.2%) underwent transcatheter LAAC. LAAC was associated with a lower risk of the primary efficacy outcome (2.5% vs. 5.4%, HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17–0.88; P = 0.024), the primary safety outcome (2.9% vs. 6.8%, HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.23–0.66, P = 0.001), and reduced major bleeding. The LAAC group trended towards a lower risk of ischaemic stroke and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Surgical and transcatheter LAAC was associated with a lower risk of haemorrhagic stroke and major bleeding.
Exosomes derived from oxLDL-stimulated macrophages induce neutrophil extracellular traps to drive atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of exosomes secreted by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated macrophages in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Exosomes from peripheral blood of AS patients or oxLDL-treated macrophages were co-cultured with human neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of miR-146a and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by using dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). ApoE-deficient mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce AS. Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated by Oil red O (ORO) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Our results showed that miRNA-146a was enriched in serum-derived exosomes of AS patients and oxLDL-treated macrophage THP-1-derived exosomes. Importantly, exosomal miR-146a secreted by oxLDL-treated macrophages promoted ROS and NETs release via targeting SOD2. In addition, intravenous administration of oxLDL-treated THP-1 cells-derived exosomes into AS mice significantly deteriorated AS in vivo. Our findings indicate that exosomal miR-146a derived from oxLDL-treated macrophages promotes NETs formation via inducing oxidative stress, which might provide a novel scientific basis for the understanding of AS progression.
Reliability of Thai version of SF-36 questionnaire for the evaluation of quality of life in cardiac patients.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quality of life is an important measurement of medical outcomes. Reliability of a Thai version of the SF-36 questionnaire has never been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of a Thai version of the SF-36 questionnaire in cardiac patients. We developed a Thai version of the SF-36 questionnaire and tested it in 212 cardiac patients. Reliability of the Thai version of the SF-36 questionnaire was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha statistic and inter-item correlation. We demonstrated that Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of every aspect of QOL exceeded 0.7, and all inter-item correlation exceeded 0.4. In conclusion, the Thai version of the SF-36 questionnaire is a valuable tool in assessing medical outcomes and medical research in Thai patients with cardiac disease. Whether it can be used in other diseases remains unknown.
Drosophila melanogasterActivating Transcription Factor 4 Regulates Glycolysis During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results from an imbalance between the load of proteins entering the secretory pathway and the ability of the ER to fold and process them. The response to ER stress is mediated by a collection of signaling pathways termed the unfolded protein response, which plays important roles in development and disease. Here we show that in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, ER stress induces a coordinated change in the expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism. Genes encoding enzymes that carry out glycolysis were up-regulated, whereas genes encoding proteins in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain complexes were down-regulated. The unfolded protein response transcription factor Atf4 was necessary for the up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes and Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh). Furthermore, Atf4 binding motifs in promoters for these genes could partially account for their regulation during ER stress. Finally, flies up-regulated Ldh and produced more lactate when subjected to ER stress. Together, these results suggest that Atf4 mediates a shift from a metabolism based on oxidative phosphorylation to one more heavily reliant on glycolysis, reminiscent of aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect observed in cancer and other proliferative cells.
Tiazofurin is phosphorylated by three enzymes from Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The growth inhibitory activity of tiazofurin toward adenosine kinase deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was partially reversed by the presence of nicotinamide riboside. Similarly, the formation of tiazofurin 5'-monophosphate and the active metabolite, tiazofurin 5'-adenine dinucleotide could be partially inhibited by 100 microM nicotinamide riboside in CHO cells and substantially inhibited (80-90%) in adenosine kinase deficient cells. Tiazofurin phosphorylating activity from CHO cell extracts was resolved into two peaks by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The first peak of activity was identified as adenosine kinase (ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20). The second peak of activity correlated with a previously described 3-deazaguanosine phosphorylating activity that was identified as a nicotinamide ribonucleoside kinase. Contaminating purine nucleoside phosphorylase was removed by sedimentation through a sucrose density gradient which also resolved the tiazofurin phosphorylating activity into two peaks, one requiring just ATP and the other requiring both ATP and IMP. Of the substrates tested with the lower density peak, nicotinamide riboside was most efficient and was the only natural substance that competed well with tiazofurin for phosphorylation, substantiating its suggested identity as a nicotinamide ribonucleoside kinase. The apparent Km value for nicotinamide riboside (2 microM) was significantly less than that for tiazofurin (13.6 microM). ATP was the best phosphate donor; CTP and UTP were utilized less efficiently and IMP did not support the reaction. The best substrate for the higher density peak of tiazofurin phosphorylation was inosine and both ATP and IMP were required for the reaction, suggesting its identity as a 5'-nucleotidase. In summary, it appears that adenosine kinase, nicotinamide ribonucleoside kinase, and 5'-nucleotidase may all contribute to the phosphorylation of tiazofurin in CHO cells.
Human alpha 1-microglobulin levels in various body fluids.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

alpha 1-Microglobulin levels in serum and urine were estimated by using single radial immunodiffusion, resulting in the following mean values: umbilical cord blood serum, 40.6 mg/l; normal adult serum, 44.2 mg/l; and normal urine, 5.7 mg/24 h urine volume. Slightly higher levels of serum alpha 1-microglobulin were found in infants and the aged. Serum and urine alpha 1-microglobulin levels in patients with renal failure, however, were greatly increased, mean levels being 231.5 mg/l and 100.7 mg/24 h urine volume, respectively. Serum alpha 1-microglobulin levels in these patients correlated well with both serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels. Serum alpha 1-microglobulin level did not correlate positively with serum levels of other plasma proteins, such as alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, complement, etc. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion also revealed the presence of alpha 1-microglobulin in synovial fluid, ascites, pleural effusion, amniotic fluid, cyst fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. The levels of alpha 1-microglobulin in these fluids were measured by single radial immunodiffusion, except that its level in cerebrospinal fluid was measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean alpha 1-microglobulin concentration was 20.8 mg/l in synovial fluid, 28.7 mg/l in ascites, 21.5 mg/l in pleural effusion, 2.7 mg/l in amniotic fluid, 8.2 mg/l in cyst fluid, and 42.3 ng/ml in cerebrospinal fluid.
Pediatric microsurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The contemporary status of microsurgical techniques in different pediatric surgical categories is summarized. Employment of microsurgical techniques permits autografts of jejunum to be used for esophageal replacement and vascularized bone grafts to be used for bridging defects in long bones. The same techniques improve overall results in creating vascular access for hemodialysis. Combined with temporary nephrectomy, extracorporeal hypothermic organ preservation, and autotransplantation, microsurgery makes possible repair of injured kidneys, partial nephrectomy for bilateral Wilm's tumor, and correction of renal vascular hypertension . Microsurgical techniques facilitate correction of hypospadia, thereby reducing the complication of fistulas. These methods make possible the reimplantation of an accidentally amputated extremity or a traumatically amputated testicle or penis. Vas deferens injured during herniorrhaphy can be repaired and intra‐abdominal testes can be relocated. Improved drainage for congenital lymphedema of the extremities and varicocele are possible. Remnants of hilar bile ducts can be more accurately identified in children with biliary atresia and may thereby improve the results of Kasai portoenterostomy operations . With the smaller size of organ structures in the pediatric age group, microsurgical techniques play an especially prominent increasing role in this particular population .
Diagnostic Value of Common Inflammatory Markers on Fever of Unknown Origin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of common inflammatory markers with regard to fever of unknown origin (FUO). We investigated 383 patients who were hospitalized with FUO at the Henan Province People's hospital between January 2009 and June 2015. Of all the cases, infectious diseases accounted for 33.9%, neoplasms for 21.1%, collagen vascular diseases for 25.1%, miscellaneous diseases for 4.7%, and no diagnosis for 15.1%. Patients in the neoplasm group were older than those in the infectious disease, collagen vascular disease, and miscellaneous disease groups (p = 0.006, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The duration of fever before admission of patients in the neoplasm and collagen vascular disease group was longer than that of patients in the infectious disease group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively). The diagnostic time after admission of patients from the neoplasm and collagen vascular disease groups was longer than that for patients from the infectious disease group (both p < 0.0001). Serum ferritin levels of patients in the infectious disease group were lower than those of patients in the neoplasm and collagen vascular disease groups (p = 0.029 and p = 0.032, respectively), while serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the infectious disease group was higher than that in the neoplasm and collagen vascular disease groups (p = 0.016 and p = 0.007, respectively). Therefore, FUO remains a clinical problem in China and serum ferritin and PCT may be useful in discriminating infectious from non-infectious causes (neoplasms and collagen vascular diseases) in patients with FUO.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

FIFTEEN YEARS ago, the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publishedHealthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention1as a primary strategy for improving the health of US citizens and emphasizing health promotion as an essential element of the prevention imperative. In 1991, the publication ofHealthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives2set forth priorities and specific objectives for health promotion, health protection, and preventive services and developed goals to enhance quality of life, decrease preventable death and disability, achieve universal access for preventive services, and reduce disparities in health status. Today, with clinicians, researchers, analysts, and policy makers striving to develop health care systems that provide accessible, affordable, and comprehensive health care, the concepts of health promotion and disease prevention have emerged at the forefront of the reform debate and are receiving greater attention than perhaps ever
Archive Fever, Archive Failure: Exploring the ‘it’ in Beckett’s Theatre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Using Jacques Derrida's 1995 study, Archive Fever, Weiss examines how Samuel Beckett's Come and Go and Footfalls stage the failed acts of archiving. In both plays, memories are either unknown or not named. Either way, without being named they cannot be collected, catalogued or made public. Despite this, the women haunting his plays seem struck by archive fever. Ultimately, Beckett stages the tension between the desire to remain silent with the desire to archive.
The national co-ordination of technical and further education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author retains copyright of this thesis. It must only be used for personal non-commercial research, education and study. It must not be used for any other purposes and may not be transmitted or shared with others without prior permission. For further terms on this licence: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en Contact your local institution's library to make a resource sharing request for this thesis.
ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE VS. FACE-TO-FACE WINE COURSES IN AN EXPERIMENT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appears in: EDULEARN23 Proceedings Publication year: 2023Pages: 6335-6343ISBN: 978-84-09-52151-7ISSN: 2340-1117doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2023.1674Conference name: 15th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesDates: 3-5 July, 2023Location: Palma, Spain
Conceiving of application of metabonomic techniques in research of deficient syndromes of zang and fu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As a branch of systems biology,metabonomics has developed rapidly in the recent years.The methods used in metabonomics such as on-body observation,detection of metabolin and dynamic viewing share some coincidence with the ideas of holism and syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM in the respective of thinking patterns.We think,with the application of metabonomic techniques,if the research of deficient syndromes of Zang and Fu could be based on the combination of disease and syndrome,and carried out in both clinic cases collection and animal experiments,it might be possible to clarify the property of syndromes and draw up diagnostic standards of syndromes,and moreover to bring about the modernization of TCM in further.
Strategic Approaches to Creating and Developing the Concept of Business Integrity

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The continuous determination of the developing business systems to maintain a long-term relationship with its key internal, as well as external stake-holders, predominantly lies in the capacity of their managers, as leaders, to perceive, conceptualize and further prosper in harmonizing the external constraints to the internally achieved behavioural qualitative degree, particularly in strategic re-positioning and re-orientation of the business system. In creating so, the fundamental importance lies in creating and developing the concept of business integrity, especially in establishing the strategic model of performing of the business ethics management program that is focused at increasing the potential for a strategic shift from incidental strategic integrity positions or individuals to enacting the structural approach to the business integrity. Profound increase of the expectations from the managerial actions, in quantitative and qualitative dimension, would not be effectively and efficiently performed without a proper determination of the sources for a sustainable competitive advantage, especially their categorization on the process and behavioural ones. While building – up the strategic transparency of the business, it is of an utmost importance to link the Business integrity with sufficiently sustained vision and values, organizational structure, management processes, as well to the concept for developing the human resources, owing to the influence that this concept possesses for increasing the public awareness, loyalty, as well as the models of responsibility and accountability. Business integrity creates strategically recognizable and above all socially responsible business system.
Aneuploid count for Chara setosa Klein ex. Willd.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ch. setosa Klein ex. Willd. was collected from Samastipur (India) and from Chandranigahpur (Nepal). The chromosome number n=14 has been ascertained for the first form and n=27 for the second one. While n=14 is the confirmation of the previous reports, n=27 which is an aneuploid count has been reported for the first time in the species under reference. The present aneuploid count has been reported for the first time from Nepal.
Comparative institutional law and economics: reclaiming economics for socio-legal research

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Law and economics is a controversial method of legal research, increasingly popular among some legal scholars but disliked by many others. The author discusses some of the objections raised by lawyers (as well as some economists) and argues that most of these are caused by the employment of the wrong economics on the respective side of the conjoined field. She contrasts neoclassical economics, made extremely popular by the Chicago school and Professor Richard Posner in particular, with New Institutional Economics and argues that the latter can overcome the difficulties presented by the former. While neoclassical economics seems to introduce additional problems to legal scholarship, New Institutional Economics neatly matches law’s own methodological tenets. However, the analysis will remain incomplete unless a third element is added to the mix: comparative law. Thus, the author calls for the development of Comparative Institutional Law and Economics, which provides an improved explanatory methodology.
Controlled trial of Duogastrone in duodenal ulcer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of carbenoxolone, as 50 mg Duogastrone capsules, and in a dose of 200 mg daily for 12 weeks, was carried out in 40 ambulant subjects with endoscopically diganosed duodenal ulceration, of whom 34 were available for final analysis. Each patient was seen every two weeks and endoscoped at four, eight and 12 weeks. Serum carbenoxolone was measured at each visit. Complete ulcer healing occurred in a significantly greater number of patients receiving Duogastrone than placebo, the significance being greater after four and eight weeks treatment (P less than 0-01) than at 12 weeks (P less than 0-02). While significant symptomatic improvement also was achieved (P less than 0-05), but only after 12 weeks on Duogastrone, there was much closer correlation between ulcer healing and symptom relief, 69% on Duogastrone returning to normal, compared with 22% of controls (P less than 0-02). Rise of systolic blood pressure and reduction in serum potassium levels, especially during the last four treatment weeks, were the most common effects noted in patients taking Duogastrone, and five patients required thiazide diuretics and potassium supplements. Higher serum carbenoxolone levels were found in patients with healed ulcers as well as in those with more marked side-effects.
Towards adaptive governance for urban drought resilience: the case of Da Nang, Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To address drought risks and risks of water shortages in cities it is essential to build resilience. Acknowledging that this is a process initiated by actors and institutions, this article presents a framework to analyze dynamics in the governance system for urban water services. The framework is applied to Da Nang, a drought-prone city in central Vietnam, to explore the elements and factors in the urban water sector that enhance or inhibit resilience to drought and find potential strategies to build resilience. The study finds that the framework has been helpful in identifying where changes and systematic interventions are needed to enhance resilience.