jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of near patient coeliac serology testing in the follow-up of patients with coeliac disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The Biohit coeliac ‘quick test’ is a novel clinic based test, which uses a finger prick blood sample to rapidly determine tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibody levels. It has previously been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of new cases of coeliac disease. However, the role of this rapid near patient test has yet to be determined in the follow–up of patients with known coeliac disease, particularly in the assessment of dietary response. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of the quick test compared to established laboratory immunology (ELISA) analysis in the assessment of coeliac disease follow-up. Methods The study was designed in two phases. The first retrospective phase compared the quick test to current laboratory immunology analysis on random stored serum samples from patients with known coeliac disease and those without. The second prospective phase involved the use of the quick test at the coeliac disease clinic in patients attending their annual follow-up including assessment of compliance by physician and dietician. Results 70 serum samples were analysed in phase one; 29 samples used for the quick test were true positive compared to laboratory findings, and 37 true negative (sensitivity 93%; specificity 95%). Phase two involved 30 patients, in which 4 patients quick test were true positive, and 25 patients were true negative when compared to laboratory findings (sensitivity 80%; specificity 100%). Conclusion The results from both phases illustrate good agreement between the coeliac quick test and established laboratory findings. Based on these preliminary results the coeliac quick test would seem to provide a rapid real time assessment for clinicians and dietitians within the clinic setting when assessing dietary compliance and response. Further studies are needed to determine if this near patient test will improve the cost effectiveness and efficiency of follow-up of coeliac disease patients.
Increased expression of tissue factor and protease-activated receptor-1 does not correlate with thrombosis in human lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A correlation between cancer and hypercoagulability has been described for more than a century. Patients with cancer are at increased risk for thrombotic complications and the clotting initiator protein, tissue factor (TF), is possibly involved in this process. Moreover, TF may promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. In addition to TF, thrombin seems to play a relevant role in tumor biology, mainly through activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). In the present study, we prospectively studied 39 lung adenocarcinoma patients in relation to the tumor expression levels of TF and PAR-1 and their correlation with thrombosis outcome and survival. Immunohistochemical analysis showed TF positivity in 22 patients (56%), most of them in advanced stages (III and IV). Expression of PAR-1 was found in 15 patients (39%), most of them also in advanced stages (III and IV). Remarkably, no correlation was observed between the expression of TF or PAR-1 and risk for thrombosis development. On the other hand, patients who were positive for TF or PAR-1 tended to have decreased long-term survival. We conclude that immunolocalization of either TF or PAR-1 in lung adenocarcinoma may predict a poor prognosis although lacking correlation with thrombosis outcome.
Transverse Wave Propagation in Bounded Media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wave propagation in bounded media has been widely used in several fields to determine different material properties. This chapter reviews the main features of transverse wave propagation in plate structures with application to ultrasound elastography. It presents the theory of guided wave propagation developed for an elastic solid. The chapter analyses the types of wave guides and boundary conditions adapted to different applications. The exact solution to the problem of wave propagation in an elastic isotropic plate has been obtained through different approaches. The two most popular approaches are the displacement potentials method and the partial wave technique. An empirical formula was proposed to retrieve the shear modulus of the arterial wall from the dispersion curve by assuming the artery to behave as an elastic plate in water. Transverse isotropic tissue like tendons and muscles are commonly present in ultrasound elastography. The chapter briefly describes the main features of guided wave propagation along transverse isotropic plates.
Physiological Cost of Rifampin Resistance Induced In Vitro in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major threat to public health. In clinical practice, a limited number of resistance mutations in a short sequence of the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (encoded by rpoB ) have been described. Spontaneous resistance to rifampin was induced in vitro in M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 9360). Only three resistance patterns could be detected by PCR–single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that Ser 531 →Leu arose most frequently, followed by His 526 →Arg and then either His 526 →Tyr or His 526 →Asp. The relative Darwinian fitness of all but one of the mutant genotypes was less than that of the susceptible parent and, for these mutations, there was a significant correlation between fitness and clinical isolation rate (regression analysis P = 0.026). The fitness deficit in some mutants was small, suggesting that there is little likelihood of a spontaneous reversion to susceptibility.
Cadmium exposure in Brassica juncea causes a decline in transpiration rate and leaf expansion without effect on photosynthesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brassica juncea L. is able to accumulate more than 400 pg g−1 DW Cd in the shoot, a physiological trait which may be exploited for the bioremediation of contaminated soils and waters. Cd accumulation is accompanied by metabolic adaptation, in particular, the rapid induction of phytochelatin (PC) biosynthesis. Sequestration of Cd by PCs provides an essential cellular mechanism for Cd detoxification. To address the effects of Cd exposure on leaf physiology as compared to induction of PC synthesis, the accumulation of Cd in relation to growth rate, transpiration rate, CO2 assimilation, and PC synthesis, has been analysed in a time-course study using the same leaf material. Furthermore, expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), has been assessed by RNA blot, and was compared to expression of metallothionein class 2 (MT2). These results indicate that while photosynthesis was not affected by exposure to 25 μM CdNO3, transpiration showed a significant decline, in particular, under lower light conditions (≤300 μmol photons m−2 s−1), starting 48 h after the onset of Cd exposure. Reduced transpiration correlated with reduced leaf expansion growth, and a decrease in Cd accumulation rate. A quantitative comparison revealed that during the entire time-course, PC content was theoretically sufficient to chelate all Cd taken up. Expression of γ-ECS appeared to correlate closely with Cd accumulation and PC synthesis, whereas transcript amounts for MT2 increased only later. These results suggest that stringent control of Cd detoxification by PCs protects photosynthesis, but does not prevent a decline in transpiration rate.
New Open Aquarium System to Breed Larvae of Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For conservation purposes and to supply rare insects for laboratory use, a system for artificial breeding is crucial. However, in the case of carnivorous freshwater insects such as diving beetles, constant conditions in aquariums are difficult to maintain due to their high rate of food consumption. Furthermore, surface rippling caused by the pumping system for water circulation hinders the respiration of small larvae. We developed a new open aquarium system without water circulation that was successfully applied to the rearing of larvae of diving beetles, Dytiscus sharpi (Wehncke) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). In comparison to conventional methods, a high proportion of larvae developed into adult insects. The size of reared adults was almost the same as those of field-collected adults. The new method could be applied to the conservation and breeding of other rare species, such as water beetles and water bugs.
The Distribution Phase of an Individual Accounts Reform of Social Security: The Potential Role for Private Sector Annuities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The debate over the merits of an individual accounts reform, focused hitherto on the accumulation phase of the pension cycle, needs to discuss the need for restrictions on withdrawals from individual accounts, and in particular their partial or complete annuitization. The policies that might govern withdrawals range from complete or near-complete laissez-faire to the compulsory annuitization of all of the funds in the form of a life annuity supplied by the government. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the basic questions that must be resolved to formulate a well worked-out policy for the distribution phase of an IA reform, assuming that such a reform is implemented.
Swedish Taxation in a 150-year Perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the development of taxation in Sweden from 1862 to 2010. The examination includes six key aspects of the Swedish tax system, namely the taxation of labor income, capital income, wealth, inheritances and gifts, consumption and real estate. The importance of these taxes varied greatly over time and Sweden increasingly relied on broad-based taxes (such as income taxes and general consumption taxes) and taxes that were less visible to the public (such as payroll taxes and social security contributions). The tax-to-GDP ratio was initially low and relatively stable, but from the 1930s, the ratio increased sharply for nearly 50 years. Towards the end of the period, the tax-to-GDP ratio declined significantly.
Machine Learning Architectures for RealTime Financial Decision Systems: Implementation and Impact

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article examines the transformative role of machine learning in real-time financial decision systems and their integration into modern financial service operations. By leveraging event-driven architectures and advanced predictive models, financial institutions can process transactional data instantaneously, enabling automated decisions across credit risk assessment, fraud detection, and personalized financial recommendations. The article explores how machine learning algorithms analyze historical patterns and behavioral trends to optimize customer segmentation and engagement strategies while maintaining regulatory compliance. Integrating these AI-driven insights into operational workflows through platforms like Salesforce Financial Services Cloud represents a significant advancement in financial process automation. This article investigates the technological architecture supporting these systems and their practical applications in financial institutions. It highlights how machine learning enhances accuracy, operational efficiency, and customer experience while addressing the associated regulatory considerations. The article suggests that machine learning-based real-time decision systems are becoming essential components of competitive financial service offerings, providing institutions with capabilities to deliver secure, personalized financial experiences at scale.
Iraq tumbang kerana perpecahan Arab

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pada abad ke-20, negara-negara Arab telah muncul sebagai negara yang
paling banyak menghasilkan minyak. Negara-negara ini terutamanya Iraq
menjadi salah satu negara yang boleh membekalkan minyak kepada dunia
dalam jangka masa yang paling panjang. Amerika Syarikat (AS) dan kuasa-
kuasa besar dunia cuba memiliki khazanah yang tersimpan di bumi Iraq.
Pelbagai aktiviti telah dilakukan oleh kuasa besar untuk menakluki Iraq
dengan menggunakan senjata psikologi, iaitu cuba memecahbelahkan
pemimpin-pemimpin Arab.
Irrotational and Incompressible Ellipsoids in the First Post-Newtonian Approximation of General Relativity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

First post-Newtonian (1PN) hydrostatic equations for an irrotational fluid\nwhich have been recently derived are solved for an incompressible star. The 1PN\nconfigurations are expressed as a deformation of the Newtonian irrotational\nRiemann ellipsoid using Lagrangian displacement vectors introduced by\nChandrasekhar. For the 1PN solutions, we also calculate the luminosity of\ngravitational waves in the 1PN approximation using the Blanchet-Damour\nformalism. It is found that the solutions of the 1PN equations exhibit\nsingularities at points where the axial ratios of semi-axes are 1:0.5244:0.6579\nand 1:0.2374:0.2963, and the singularities seem to show that at the points, the\nirrotational Riemann ellipsoid is unstable to the deformation induced by the\neffect of general relativity. For stable cases (a_2/a_1 > 0.5244, where a_1 and\na_2 are the semi-major and minor axes, respectively) we find that when\nincreasing the 1PN correction, the angular velocity and total angular momentum\nincrease, while the total energy and luminosity of gravitational waves\ndecrease. These 1PN solutions will be useful when examining the accuracy of\nnumerical code for obtaining relativistic irrotational stars.\n We also investigate the validity of an ellipsoidal approximation, in which a\n1PN solution is obtained assuming an ellipsoidal figure and neglecting the\ndeformation. It is found that for $a_2/a_1 > 0.7$, the ellipsoidal\napproximation gives a fairly accurate result for the energy, angular momentum,\nand angular velocity, although in the approximation we cannot find the\nsingularities.\n
Identification of Foreign Objects in Soybeans Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this research was to classify intact soybeans and foreign objects using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Intact soybeans and foreign objects were scanned using a NIR spectrometer equipped with scanning monochromator. NIR spectra of intact soybeans and foreign objects in the wavelength range from 900 to 1800 nm were collected. The classification of intact soybeans and foreign objects were conducted by using partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) multivariate methods. Various types of data pretreatments were tested to develop the classification models. Intact soybeans and foreign objects were successfully classified by the PLS-DA prediction model with mean normalization pretreatment. These results showed the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a method for classifying intact soybeans and foreign objects.
Optimization of the Pyrolysis of Naphtha Fractions of the West Siberian Gas Condensate to Obtain Lower Olefins and Divinyl

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Naphtha fractions of the West Siberian gas condensate were evaluated as feedstock for thermal pyrolysis performed in the temperature interval 750–900°C at the conventional contact time of 0.2–0.4 s and steam-to-feed weight ratio of (0.5; 0.8): 1.0. Statistical models of the process, based on the experimental dataset obtained, were constructed and used for multicriteria optimization with respect to the key products: ethylene, propylene, divinyl, pyrogas, and coke. The optimum process parameters for pyrolysis of light and heavy naphtha of the gas condensate to reach the maximal yield of target products (ethylene, propylene, divinyl) under the conditions of compromise solutions were found. The influence of the group and individual hydrocarbon composition of the naphtha fractions of the gas condensate on the yield and distribution of the major products was demonstrated.
Malignant Melanoma of the Rectum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant melanoma of the rectum is an extremely rare disease. It typically presents in the fifth or sixth decade of life with nonspecific complaints such as rectal bleeding or anal pain. A timely diagnosis of anal melanoma is made even more difficult by the fact that most of the lesions lack obvious pigmentation and are even histologically amelanotic. Prognosis is very poor. Anorectal malignant melanomas spread along submucosal planes and are often beyond complete resection at the time of diagnosis. We present the radiological and pathological features seen in a 43-year-old woman diagnosed with melanoma of the rectum.
The effect of dehulling of yellow peas and faba beans on the distribution of carbohydrates upon dry fractionation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impact of dehulling as a pre-treatment for dry fractionation on the distribution of inositol phosphate and the composition and quantity of different carbohydrates in the fine and coarse fractions from yellow peas and faba beans was elucidated. For peas, low molecular weight carbohydrates markedly increased during air classification in the fine fraction whereas for faba beans this tendency was less pronounced. Sucrose and raffinose series oligosaccharides were higher in the coarse and fine fractions, respectively, independently on dehulling pre-treatment. A large part of the insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was removed by dehulling and mostly assigned to cellulose. Dehulled faba beans and peas contained similar amount of total and soluble NSP, of which the latter were assigned to pectin and arabinogalactan. In general, dehulling increased the amounts of soluble NSP. Dehulling enriched phytic acid in remaining seeds and it was further enriched with protein in fine fractions. Regarding the aimed product e.g., fine fraction, dehulling gives a slight reduction of non-digestible oligosaccharides and phytic acid in peas but not in faba beans.
The Society of American Archivists at Seventy-Five: Contexts of Continuity and Crisis, A Personal Reflection

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay does not recount the history of the Society of American Archivists' first seventy-five years. It suggests one possible framework for understanding the complex context of the Society's evolution—the cultural milieu and multiple intersecting influences that have contributed to making the SAA the organization it is. It proposes that the past seventy-five years can be construed as a single moment, the moment of the SAA's emergence. The last seventy-five years can be regarded as an era of chronic crisis and evolving frontiers. In fact, our own experience bears a marked resemblance to the 1930s, which seems more current today than it often did to those generations between the thirties and ours. Starkly put, the SAA's founding members are not only our predecessors; they are also our contemporaries.
The educational opportunities and challenges of Syrian refugee students in Turkey: temporary education centers and beyond

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This policy paper assesses the educational opportunities and challenges of Syrian refugees in Turkey and evaluates the role of Temporary Education Centers (TEC) in integrating Syrian students into the Turkish educational system. It is expected that about 65% of Syrians will remain in Turkey even after the war concludes, approximately 572,000 of which are children.1 The integration of such a large number of students will be a critical component for Turkey’s development trajectory. For this study, we have interviewed the leaders of 12 TECs located in four socio-economically diverse districts in Istanbul as well as bureaucrats and one NGO leader. We have observed the opportunities of students to access education as well as the quality of the educational software and hardware as defined in the literature. In light of our findings, we have provided assessments with recommendations. The goals of this study have been to help policy makers evaluate the current effects of refugee education policies on the integration process, to design the most effective policy interventions, and to serve as a guide to local administrators and NGOs in understanding and responding to the needs of Syrian refugee students. In addition, we hope that our study serves as a guide to leaders, local administrators, and NGOs in all countries around the world for developing mechanisms that can provide accessible and high quality education for refugees.
Critical Upper Limb Ischemia due to Subclavian Artery Compression Caused by Initially Undiagnosed Cervical Rib - A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

True subclavian artery aneurysms are relatively rare events. Thoracic outlet compression is responsible for 75% of those aneurysms. They are formed as a result of compression of subclavian artery, for example a cervical rib. A case of subclavian artery aneurysm secondary to cervical rib in a 35 year old young adult, who presented with a critical ischemia in his dominant right upper limb. Plain x-ray of cervical spine revealed bilateral cervical ribs and duplex study of the both upper limb arteries concluded aneurysmal dilatation of mid-distal subclavian artery of both sides with mural thrombus on the right side, marked distal ischemia in the right upper limb due to occlusive thrombus in the distal arterial tree, normal distal arterial flow in the left upper limb. Although it is a rare lesion, cervical rib leading to thoracic outlet compression should always be included in the differential diagnosis of a critically ischemic limb in young age group. Surgical management should be considered in a patient with subclavian artery aneurysm due to cervical rib to prevent additional embolic events.University Heart Journal Vol. 11, No. 1, January 2015; 48-51
Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes osteoporosis by inhibiting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell by sponging miR-29b-3p that suppresses nicotinamide N-methyltransferase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bone formation is important in the development of osteoporosis (OP). X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), a lncRNA, is involved in this process; however, mode of its action is not known. We compared the serum levels of XIST and miR-29b-3p among the patients with and without OP. In rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), during osteogenic differentiation, XIST expression was detected first, followed by overexpression or suppression of miR-29b-3p and NNMT. Expression of osteogenic genes, ALP (electrochemical alkaline phosphatase) and RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) were detected by RT-qPCR and western blots, and the calcium nodules in BMSCs were detected by staining. The relationships of XIST, miR-29b-3p, and NNMT were characterized by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Serum XIST was significantly upregulated in patients of OP. XIST downregulated the ALP and Runx2 levels and inhibited calcium nodules, whereas low expression of XIST reversed these events. MiR-29b-3p was inhibited by XIST sponge and lowered the levels of ALP, Runx2, and calcium nodules. NNMT was negatively regulated by miR-29b-3p, promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In conclusion, XIST is highly expressed in OP, and regulates NNMT by sponging miR-29b-3p to suppress the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.