jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization of ejector based multi-evaporator refrigeration system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Refrigerated shipping containers are widely used in transportation to provide customers with safe and high quality perishable goods. Driven primarily by the expansion of the chilled and quick-frozen foods market, refrigerated transport is a major economic player. As such, the growth for refrigerated shipping containers will continue to increase. Typically, evaporating temperatures of -30°C, -5°C and +7°C are required for freezing food, perishable food and space cooling respectively. An ejector based multi-evaporator refrigeration system (EMERS) which consists of a single refrigeration system with one compressor, two ejectors and three evaporators will be used for this project. The opening sizes of the EEVs, the compressor frequency and the condenser frequency will be adjusted to obtain the critical operating points of the system that will be needed for the optimization of the system. The experimental procedures and an analysis of the testing results will be included together with the suggestions for future improvements that can be made.
Eugenia jambolana Lam. Increases lifespan and ameliorates experimentally induced neurodegeneration in C. elegans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia (DL) and inflammation (IF) are associated with reduced lifespan (LS) and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases (NDG). Dysregulation in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (IIS) signaling, forkhead box O transcription factor (FOXO) and Silent Information Regulators or Sirtuins (SIRT) may be responsible. We investigated the effect of spray dried Jambolan ( Eugenia jambolana Lam.) fruit in Caenorhabditis elegans model for lifespan, amyloid b 1-42 ( Ab 1-42 ) aggregation induced paralysis and MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) induced neurodegeneration. Effect on modulating critical genes involved signaling pathways important in IIS, LS and NDG were also studied in C. elegans . Results show suggest statistically significant increase in lifespan (9-22.7%) coupled with a delay in Ab 1-42 induced paralysis (11.5%) and MPP+ induced paralysis (38-43%). Gene expression studies indicated a significant upregulation in expression of C. elegans homologs of foxo, sirt1, dopamine D1 receptor and suggested a non-FOXO mediated mechanism of action. Industrial relevance. Jambolan is a bioactive-rich tropical fruit with high colorant potential. Despite this fact, its perishability has hampered its market and industrial use beyond the countries where it is cultivated. Considering that drying is a popular technique able to extend fruits shelf life and concentrate their natural bioactive compounds, this research investigates the health relevance of spray dried jambolan. Here we addressed the potential of dried Jambolan fruit to extend lifespan and inhibit the progression of experimentally induced neurodegeneration using the C. elegans model. We demonstrated that this convenient fruit product was able to increase the lifespan of C. elegans. The jambolan extracts also influenced some critical genes of signaling pathways relevant to metabolic diseases, aging and neurodegeneration. Based on our results, some insight about the mechanism of action that would lead to the observed anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects is discussed. The data shown here reveals fresh data concerning the health-relevant attributes of spray dried Jambolan fruit and provides the scientific rationale for a better exploitation and valorization of this tropical fruit. Keywords. Caenorhabditis elegans; Eugenia jambolana; Lifespan; Neurodegeneration; Insulin signaling; sirtuin
Regulation and Function of TREM2-dependent Pathways in Neurodegeneration

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Carriers of the R47H allele of the microglia-specific lipid receptor TREM2 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimerճ disease. The objective of this dissertation is to develop further mechanistic knowledge about how TREM2 is regulated and how TREM2 mutations affect microglia and neurodegeneration. Using an in vitro reporter assay, we find that several AD risk-associated TREM2 mutations decrease ligand-dependent activation. Using humanized TREM2 mice, we find that in vivo, the R47H mutation leads to reduced microglia activation and response to A_, as well as decreased shedding of soluble TREM2. These results suggest that TREM2 is protective during disease. We find that TREM2-deficient macrophages in vitro are more susceptible to stress-induced loss of mTOR signaling, increased autophagy, and low-energy status. In vivo, microglia similarly fail to maintain mTOR signaling and increase autophagy in an A_ mouse model, which could be rescued by enhancing energy utilization with long-term cyclocreatine supplementation. These results suggest that TREM2 is playing a fundamental role in maintaining microglia health and survival rather than triggering a specific activation signature. Finally, we perform an unbiased CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen to identify and characterize pathways that regulate TREM2 surface expression, identifying TMEM131 as a suppressor of TREM2 surface expression. We further demonstrate that TMEM131 regulation of TREM2 does not involve cleavage or degradation of TREM2 from the cell surface or require the unique intramembranous charge of TREM2. These results provide a stepping stone for identifying novel therapeutic targets related to TREM2.
Towards MR-guided Pulsed Field Ablation: Lesion Characterization with LGE and Demonstration of an MR-compatible Interventional Setup

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a promising, safer alternative to conventional methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias. However, optimizing lesion formation remains a challenge. Goal(s): To assess PFA-induced lesion constitution in a pig model using high-resolution ex vivo MRI and to demonstrate the feasibility of MR-guided PFA. Approach: Ex vivo LGE and R2* imaging was performed after successful creation of PFA lesions in a pig. MR-guided PFA tested in vitro. Results: The size and constitution of PFA lesions could be measured on ex vivo LGE and R2* images. MR-guided ablation was possible in vitro with the demonstrated setup. Impact: High-resolution ex vivo MRI accurately assesses pulsed field induced ablation lesions in a porcine model, providing valuable insights for optimizing PFA lesion formation to treat cardiac arrhythmia. MR-guided PFA is demonstrated to be feasible, which could enable real-time lesion monitoring.
Selective IgA Deficiency and Neoplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the Immunodeficiency Cancer Registry, it has appeared that there is an increased frequency of neoplasia in individuals who have a selective absence of serum IgA. Approaching this question from another point of view, we have found that of 4,120 sera drawn in this cancer-oriented hospital, 12 sera had a total absence of IgA and 3 additional sera had less than 10 mg/dl. The incidence of IgA deficiency in a cancer hospital is thus 1:342 or 1:273, which is statistically similar to that previously found for other patient groups studied in the USA (average of two studies, 1:418), but it is substatistically increased over the incidence of IgA deficiency found in normal blood donors (average of five studies, 1:1,677). Analysis of these sera by diagnostic categories showed that of 1,517 sera of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 6 were IgA deficient (frequency 1:253), and of 249 sera of patients with gastrointestinal neoplasm, 2 were IgA deficient (frequency 1:125). We conclude that, in the absence of IgA, certain organ systems, the gastrointestinal and lymphoid tissue may be at increased risk for malignant change and that the protective, anti-neoplastic role of IgA requires investigation.
Declassified Archives of the Auction House “Adolf Weinmüller”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The focus of the article is given to the role and place of the auction house “Adolf Weinmüller” in Nazi art trade. Found that this famous art auction house in Munich laid background Modern Art in Munich and the auction house “Neumeister”. The owner of the auction house – “Neumeister” K. Stoll encouraged researching the history of Nazism by studying the case of Adolf Weinmüller’s archival documents. Emphasized that opening access to private archives of the auction house “Neumeister” – successor house of “Adolf Weinmüller”, which was not only to cause a breakthrough in solving crimes of the National Socialists but an important step in overcoming the consequences of totalitarianism in Germany. It is important to note that such explicit steps still do not dare any auction house in Germany. Thus was laid the scientific for a number of projects to find and declassification of archival documents.
Isolation of Causative Virus from Cultured Tiger Puffer(Takifugu rubripes)Affected by Kuchijirosho(Snout Ulcer Disease).

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We attempted to isolate the causative agent of Kuchijirosho of farmed tiger puffer using 8 established cell lines and a primary cell culture derived from the gonad of tiger. puffer (PFG). The inoculation of the brain or kidney filtrate prepared from diseased fish produced conspicuous CPE on PFG cells. However, no CPE was found in any of the cell lines used, i.e., BB, CHH-1, , CHSE-2l4, EPC, FHM, MCT, RTG-2 and SSE-30. Neither toxicity of the culture medium on PFG cells nor bacterial/mycoplasmal contamination was found, and the observed CPE was thus confirmed to be due to virus. The inoculation of the isolated virus to the tiger puffer resulted in high mortality and experimentally infected fish showed similar characteristic behavior and symptoms to those of naturally infected fish with Kuchijirosho. Furthermore, all experimental fish died after the inoculation of the viral fluid passed through a membrane filter with a pore size of 50 nm. Taken together the results of viral isolation, experimental infection and filtability test of isolated virus, it is concluded that Kuchijirosho is an infectious disease caused by a virus with a size less than 50nm in diameter.
Sensitisation to Hodgkin's disease spleen tissue in patients with malignant lymphoma: follow-up study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The leucocyte migration responses of patients with malignant lymphoma to an unidentified factor in Hodgkin's spleen tissue were serially studied and related to clinical progress. Initial sensitisation responses did not correlate with presenting histological or clinical status or with subsequent clinical progress. Enhancement of responses after treatment, however, was associated with good clinical progress. In patients who relapsed, sensitisation to spleen factor diminished, whereas responses were preserved at one year in those in maintained remission. Sensitisation to the splenic factor may be a useful index of response to treatment in patients with malignant lymphoma; diminishing sensitisation may indicate relapse.
Descending Viewer Method for Fault Tolerant Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<span lang="EN-US">In this paper Descending Viewer Method (DVM) projected for finding and fault tolerant control of stator inter-turn short circuit faults in doubly-fed induction generators based in wind turbine. A process has been developed that allows the way from ostensible controllers designed for strong condition, to vigorous controllers designed for defective condition. Finally value of the rotor resistance estimated &amp; is based on the use of the error between real and probable value of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in faulty condition, this will perk up the performance of this viewer. Simulation results show the reliability of the proposed Descending Viewer Method (DVM) approach.</span>
The Role of positive selection on zinc transporter genes : From genomic signals to adaptive phenotypes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Zinc is an essential micronutrient involved in many different biological processes. Zinc homeostasis is mainly regulated by 24 zinc transporters coded by the Zinc Transporter Genes (ZTGs). Notably, zinc body content is highly dependent on environmental zinc availability, and its deficiency is life-threatening for several human populations. Since differences in zinc homeostasis may be adaptive to local dietary and environmental conditions, we explored the complete set of 24 human ZTGs for signatures of positive selection using genomes from worldwide populations in the 1000 Genomes Project and South Asian populations in the 100K GenomeAsia Project. We have identified unusual patterns of variation resulting from strong selective sweeps on a few ZTGs but also from polygenic selection on the whole set of ZTGs, especially in South Asia. To understand the evolutionary history of the strong signal of positive selection we confirmed in SLC30A9 and fill the gap between genotype and phenotype, we also explored the functional implications of a putative candidate variant behind this case of adaptation.
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A PODZOL SOIL WITH FRAGIPAN DERIVED FROM GLACIAL TILL IN THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

From chemical analyses performed on an Arago profile, it met the requirements of the Podzol order, except for exchange properties. The cation exchange capacity was low and the ΔCEC never reached the limit of 8 meq/100 g. Qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analyses showed that illite was the predominant component of the fine fraction throughout the profile. Weathering from non-expanding 2:1 minerals to expanding ones occurred in the upper horizons. Two types of clay mineral interstratification were observed. The first type, present in the whole profile, was a randomly interstratified illite-montmorillonite complex. The second was a mixed-layer mineral formed by chlorite and vermiculite. It was found mainly in the fragipan and, to a lesser extent, in the parent material. From the mineral distribution, the pan firmness was not necessarily related to the presence of illite.
Next‐generationDNASequencing Technologies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The sequencing of multiple polynucleotide templates in parallel, termed next‐generation sequencing , has enabled us to generate vast quantities of sequence data very rapidly. As a consequence, large‐scale sequencing projects can be undertaken that would not have been feasible previously because the expense and time taken would have been prohibitive. Next‐generation technologies can be applied to diverse areas ranging from the de novo genome sequencing of mixed bacterial populations to characterization of the human transcriptome. This article discusses how sequencing technology has evolved over the past four decades, and the impact that this has had on biological research.
Behavioral Assessment Techniques, General Features and Methodological Issues

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Behavioral assessment, which is more focused on behavioral change than on developing a theory of personality, has promoted the use of instruments to record the behavior of individuals in specific situations. Behavioral procedures primarily observe and record an individual's behavior either in a natural situation or under test conditions. Four main types of assessment can be distinguished: (1) Self-monitoring techniques, (2) Self-reporting behavioral inventories and checklists, (3) Self-statement inventories and other forms of assessing thoughts and feelings, and (4) Direct observation. "Objective Task-Based Personality Tests" are one version of direct observation in a controlled situation, specifically designed to assess personality. These tests rely on what people actually do as opposed to what they say they usually do. The characteristics, strengths, and weakness of these procedures are reviewed.
Predicting and explaining plant invasions through analysis of source area floras: some critical considerations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Comparing species that become invasive with others from the same regional species pool that do not invade raises several issues about the accuracy of analyses attempting to define the determinants of invasiveness. The delimitation of the source area and deciding which species group(s) to include are especially relevant in analyses focusing on species originating in Europe. Historical patterns of immigration of alien species into Europe must be considered since European floras comprise a complex mix of native species, historical introductions (archaeophytes) and relative newcomers (neophytes). We make three main points: (1) Archaeophytes (species introduced to Europe before the discovery of America) differ from natives in a number of traits and in historical association with people; it is misleading to lump archaeophytes with native taxa. (2) Taxa from climatically and geographically different regions, representing distinct floristic geoelements, need to be treated separately, and not as a homogenous pool of potential invaders. Restricting the source species pool to native taxa with comparable phytogeographical characteristics reduces the variation associated with chance of dispersal by humans from the source area. (3) For prediction, a clear distinction should be made between accuracy (the proportion of those found to be alien that were also predicted to be there) and reliability (or predictive value, the proportion of those predicted to become aliens that do so). Information accumulated over centuries by botanists in Central Europe provides an excellent opportunity to deal with these issues and avoid spurious results. To illustrate these issues, we revisit a recently published study of Central‐European plant species as invaders in two Argentinean provinces ( Prinzing et al ., 2002 ) to explore and demonstrate the implications of the above points. We hope that future studies will build on these points to achieve more reliable predictions.
Implementing mental health screening, assessment, and navigation program in a community-based survivorship program.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

36 Background: ASCO guidelines recommend cancer survivors be evaluated, treated, & reassessed for depression & anxiety along the trajectory of care. To meet these guidelines, UT Southwestern Moncrief Cancer Institute instituted an integrated approach to mental health screening, assessment, & navigation called MH-SCAN. (Andersen, BL, Rowland, JH, Somerfield, MR. Screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: an American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline adaptation.J Onc Prac, 2015. 11(2): p. 133-134.) Methods: MH-SCAN uses the Vital Sign 6 (VS 6 ) program, a web-based application to screen & monitor psychiatric symptoms, and to give feedback regarding measurement-based care (MBC). Measures are repeated at 2-week intervals when possible for those who need treatment. Our implementation process, including training & workflows, will be reviewed. Results: Patients (N = 415) enrolled from 9/1/15 to 8/1/16 in our community-based Survivorship Program (see table) were screened using VS 6 , of which 119 reported symptoms indicating potential depression. Over 90% of that subset reported moderately severe symptoms and 87% endorsing comorbid symptoms of anxiety. Approximately 60% of the original sample completed reassessment within 4 weeks. Over half continued to endorse significant depressive symptoms, as well as suicidal ideation and comorbid anxiety. Conclusions: Implementing ASCO recommendations for mental health screening, assessment, and treatment adherence, while challenging, is feasible. Our preliminary data underscores its importance among survivors. The MH-SCAN protocol provides a useful approach to implementing screening guidelines efficiently and effectively, thus addressing mental health comorbidities within oncology and primary care.[Table: see text]
Cervical F Wave Dispersion in Cerebral Stroke Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical F wave dispersion was studied in 40 cerebral stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis (Lt hemi 13. Rt hemi 27. onset duration average 10.7 months ). Twenty consecutive supramaximal electrical stimulations on median nerve and recorded the F wave simultaneously from anterior deltoid (C5), biceps brachii (C6),flexor carpi radialis (C7), and abductor pollicis brevis (C) muscles.These muscles were performed at lesion and sound sides in each patient. The frequency, mean latency and amplitude of F waves in different C-levels were calculated and compared on both sides. The results showed no consistency on the frequency, mean latency and amplitude of F wave between the lesion and the sound sides. We concluded that F wave can not be used alone as a parameter to monitor the spasticity.
Information content of earnings in an unregulated market: the co-operative cotton mills of Lancashire, 1880–1900

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the relationship between earnings and dividend announcements and contemporaneous stock returns. Many previous studies have examined this association, although few address its social and historical context. In late 19th century Lancashire, there was an unusual coincidence of co-operative ownership and the trading of ownership rights on a liquid stock market. Using stock market numbers extracted from the local financial press in conjunction with other relevant archives, this paper examines the usefulness of accounting information provided in circumstances without regulatory duress and where its disclosure was subject to the scrutiny of a well-informed, and socially diverse, shareholding class. Results suggest that employee involvement via ownership rights is likely to improve the information content of accounting reports.
TOM BIRKETT and KIRSTY MARCH-LYONS (eds). Translating Early Medieval Poetry: Transformation, Reception, Interpretation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is no secret that critical interest in the translation and adaptation of early medieval literature has been on the rise in recent years. Studies of modern and contemporary poets working with Old English continue to emerge alongside anthologies of translations such as The Word Exchange by Greg Delanty and Michael Matto (2010) and, more recently, The Complete Old English Poems by Craig Williamson (2017). The editors of Translating Early Medieval Poetry are right to suggest its timeliness, then, as their collection looks to ride the wave of the current ‘renaissance’ taking place ‘in the reception and remediation of poetry from the early medieval period’ (p. 2). Indeed, scholarship in this area broadens its horizons as it continues to examine the use of medieval literatures by lesser known writers and artists, as well as the more canonical figures, while becoming more attuned to the benefits of archival research for understanding how and why twentieth- and twenty-first-century poets reworked earlier traditions.