jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The rise and fall of the Clann Éinrí Aimhréidh Uí Néill: dynastic feuding and geopolitics in the late medieval Irish Sea world

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract During the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, the Ulster lordship of Tír Eoghain was bitterly contested between two rival branches of the Uí Néill dynasty: the Clann Éinrí Aimhréidh and the Clann Briain Catha an Dúin. Traditionally, historians have focused mainly on the local origins and ramifications of this feud and have paid only cursory attention to how events ranging from the Shannon Estuary through to the Outer Hebrides shaped the course of this struggle. For instance, throughout the later fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries a range of different regional players from across this wider ‘Irish Sea world’ became drawn into pulled into this conflict, each possessing a vested interest in the outcome of the Uí Néill successional war. By drawing upon a rich corpus of primary sources, including Irish, Scottish and English material, this article locates the Uí Néill feud within a wider dynastic and geopolitical context. Ultimately, the article argues for the necessity of exploring this feud from within a wider geographic and dynastic framework of interpretation, and paying closer attention to how events within the Irish Sea world could impact and impinge upon the politics of the wider archipelago.
Variation and impact of drought-stress patterns across upland rice target population of environments in Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The upland rice (UR) cropped area in Brazil has decreased in the last decade. Importantly, a portion of this decrease can be attributed to the current UR breeding programme strategy, according to which direct grain yield selection is targeted primarily to the most favourable areas. New strategies for more-efficient crop breeding under non-optimal conditions are needed for Brazil’s UR regions. Such strategies should include a classification of spatio-temporal yield variations in environmental groups, as well as a determination of prevalent drought types and their characteristics (duration, intensity, phenological timing, and physiological effects) within those environmental groups. This study used a process-based crop model to support the Brazilian UR breeding programme in their efforts to adopt a new strategy that accounts for the varying range of environments where UR is currently cultivated. Crop simulations based on a commonly grown cultivar (BRS Primavera) and statistical analyses of simulated yield suggested that the target population of environments can be divided into three groups of environments: a highly favorable environment (HFE, 19% of area), a favorable environment (FE, 44%), and least favourable environment (LFE, 37%). Stress-free conditions dominated the HFE group (69% likelihood) and reproductive stress dominated the LFE group (68% likelihood), whereas reproductive and terminal drought stress were found to be almost equally likely to occur in the FE group. For the best and worst environments, we propose specific adaptation focused on the representative stress, while for the FE, wide adaptation to drought is suggested. ‘Weighted selection’ is also a possible strategy for the FE and LFE environment groups.
An observational study examining the correlation between finger dexterity and attention in the dominant hand among young adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Finger dexterity and attention are essential components of cognitive-motor functioning, influencing daily activities such as writing, grasping objects and executing precise movements. While previous research has examined cognitive-motor relationships in older adults, studies focusing on young adults remain limited. Given the increasing demands on attention and manual coordination in academic, professional and sports-related domains, understanding their interdependence is crucial. To assess finger dexterity using the Nine-Hole Peg Board Test (NHPT), to evaluate attention regulation using the Attention Control Scale (ACS) and to determine the correlation between attention control and manual dexterity in the dominant hand. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 100 healthy young adults aged 18–25 years at educational Institution, Mangalore. Participants’ dominant hand was identified using the Hit-the-Dot Test, followed by assessments of attention (ACS) and dexterity (NHPT). Data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Among participants, 38% were males and 62% were females, with a mean age of 19.04±1.46 years. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between attention scores and dexterity performance (r=0.878, p=0.001), indicating that individuals with higher attention control exhibited superior finger dexterity. Conclusions: This study establishes a significant correlation between attention and finger dexterity, reinforcing the cognitive-motor connection in young adults. The findings highlight the importance of attentional regulation in executing fine motor tasks, with potential applications in fields such as surgery, sports and rehabilitation field.
Salivary aldosterone, salt craving and depression severity - a correlative analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preliminary evidence point to an involvement of aldosterone in the pathogenesis of depression and regulates salt appetite (Murck et al., 2012). Salt appetite could be a functional marker of central mineralocorticoid (MR) function. 14 Patents were examined 3 times during their clinical stay, at baseline, 2 weeks and finally after 6 weeks after baseline or at discharge, respectively. For aldosterone measurement salvia samples were taken immediately after awakening. Patients then had to evaluate the taste of 0.9% NaCl in a cotton swab with two 11 point likert scales: to determine 1. subjective salt taste intensity (STI); 2. pleasantness of taste (SP). Patients completed the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for the determination of the severity of depression. For this preliminary analysis all time points were pooled for correlative analysis. Aldosterone concentration correlated negative with STI (p < 0.05) and correlated by trend with salt pleasantness (SP) STI and SP correlated negatively (p < 0.05). The QIDS score correlated positively with SP (p < 0.05) and saliva aldosterone concentration (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between systolic blood pressure and any of these parameters. The results are in line with the hypothesis that aldosterone induces salt craving and depressive symptoms in patients with depression. Murck H et al., Pharmacopsychiatry, 2012, 45: 83 – 95.
A cold Early Palaeozoic subduction zone in the North Qilian Mountains, NW China: petrological and U‐Pb geochronological constraints

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The north Qilian high‐pressure (HP)/low‐temperature (LT) metamorphic belt is composed mainly of blueschists, eclogites and greenschist facies rocks. It formed within an Early Palaeozoic accretionary wedge associated with the subduction of the oceanic crust and is considered to be one of the best preserved HP/LT metamorphic belts in China. Here we report new lawsonite‐bearing eclogites and eclogitic rocks enclosed within epidote blueschists in the North Qilian Mountains. Five samples contain unaltered lawsonite coexisting with omphacite and phengite as inclusions in garnet, indicating eclogite facies garnet growth and lawsonite pseudomorphs were observed in garnet from an additional 11 eclogites and eclogitic rocks. Peak pressure conditions estimated from lawsonite omphacite‐phengite‐garnet assemblages were 2.1–2.4 GPa at temperatures of 420–510 °C, in or near the stability field of lawsonite eclogite, and implying formation under an apparent geothermal gradient of 6–8 °C km −1 , consistent with metamorphism in a cold subduction zone. SHRIMP U‐Pb dating of zircon from two lawsonite‐bearing eclogitic metabasites yields ages of 489 ± 7 Ma and 477 ± 16 Ma, respectively. CL images and mineral inclusions in zircon grains indicate that these ages reflect an eclogite facies metamorphism. An age of 502 ± 16 Ma is recorded in igneous cores of zircon grains from one lawsonite pseudomorph‐bearing eclogite, which is in agreement with the formation age of Early Ordovician for some ophiolite sequences in the North Qilian Mountains, and may be associated with a period of oceanic crust formation. The petrological and chronological data demonstrate the existence of a cold Early Palaeozoic subduction zone in the North Qilian Mountains.
An Infant with Spontaneous Tumor Regression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Neuroblastoma is a developmental tumor arising from the embryonic sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest, with extracranial localization in most cases. It is the primary cause of death from pediatric cancer for children between the age of 1 and 5. However, many infants under 18 months have a high likelihood of undergoing spontaneous regression without chemotherapy. This is the case of an infant with a tumor mass, located in the posterior cranial fossa and diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus. The patient was a male, born in August 2015 by C-section. He had a birth weight of 3500 g, height - 49 cm, morphological gestational age - 38. He was diagnosed with malformation syndrome during the prenatal development. Results: A CT scan of the infant`s head showed a 4/5 cm volumetric tumor mass in the middle line of the posterior cranial fossa, causing mass effect. After histological and CT evaluation the tumor was defined as neuroblastoma. It was established to be inoperable because of its invasive character, engaging the cerebellum and upper spinal structures. In addition, transfontanelle ultrasound was made and suggested evidence for hydrocephalus and dilatation of the third and both lateral ventricles. As a palliative measurement a ventriculoperitoneal anastomosis was made. After a couple of months, a second ventriculoperitoneal anastomosis was needed and the new CT scan of the head showed no signs of the existing neuroblastoma. Conclusion: Neuroblastomas show a remarkable capacity to undergo spontaneous regression. A greater understanding of the mechanisms and further exploration of this issue might allow the identification of tumours that have the capacity to undergo spontaneous regression and to induce regression in susceptible tumours using pharmacological, biological or immunological approaches.
A influência da torcida na motivação de jogadores de futebol profissional

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTThe influence of the twist in the motivation of professional the footballIntroduction: motivation is undoubtedly very important for the development of tasks, not only for athletes, but to any person who has duties to perform. In professional football athletes the motivation can be an important factor for their performance, and the fans are an important motivating tool. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of fans in the performance of professional football players. Materials and methods: a questionnaire with structured and semi structured questions, for eleven professional footballers in order to verify the influence of the fans in their performances. Results: Analyzing the results, it should be noted that most of the players feel motivated when hired by a team that has great fans and also when they play with the fans in its favor. Also, it turns out that if hired by a team with small fans, it do not let them unmotivated, just makes no difference. Play with fans against showed that has no major change in the motivation of those players. Discussion: many authors have written books and presented studies which confirm that motivation is undoubtedly very important for the athlete to have a better performance. This article confirms these results, showing that the extrinsic motivation, especially the fans in the case of professional football players, has great motivational factor. Conclusion: the fans are important to motivate most players interviewed, while fans against does not significantly change the motivation.
POST KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVES AND COMPLEX ECOLOGIC-ECONOMIC DYNAMICS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper considers the implications of complex ecologic–economic dynamics for three broad, Post Keynesian perspectives: the uncertainty perspective, the macrodynamics perspective and the Sraffian perspective. Catastrophic, chaotic and other complex dynamics will be seen as reinforcing the conceptual foundations of Keynesian uncertainty. Predator–prey models will be seen as deeply linked to Post Keynesian macrodynamic models. Finally, certain cases in ecologic–economic systems will be seen as generating such Sraffian, capital theoretic conundra as reswitching. Ecologic–economic models considered besides predator–prey will include fisheries, forestry, lake dynamics and global climatic–economic dynamics.
Teaching and learning in integrated social studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

• Teaching shows patterns of different discourses of learning in varying degrees of integration • When grading is introduced, the subject knowledge discourse turns more dominant. • Students show greater engagement in higher degrees of integrated teaching directed by overarching curriculum objectives. • Macro policies direct the characteristics of the teaching, but there are variations in the strength with which different policies are implemented. Purpose: The purpose is to analyse how teaching and learning take place in integrated social studies teaching in relation to various curriculum goals and what consequences the teaching has for students’ approaches to learning. Design/methodology/approach:Ethnographic fieldwork is used in ten integrated thematic units conducted in four classes in four Swedish schools, with students in Years 5 and 6. Findings: The grading in Year 6 contributes to the integrated teaching being more adapted and directed towards subject knowledge goals. Students are very committed and involved in higher degrees of integration and discourses of learning connected to overarching curriculum objectives and are more focused and performance-oriented when the subject knowledge discourse creates a dominant pattern. Practical implications: Teaching in social studies should consist of the whole range of learning discourses, and how different knowledge conceptions can affect teaching and students’ learning should also be considered
Neonatology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Health care for newborns is under close scrutiny in this unsettling era of health system reform. Length of hospital stay for mothers and their newborns continues to shorten, antenatal corticosteroids improve outcome for premature infants and decrease overall costs, and survival of infants born at less than 25 weeks of gestation has improved, but morbidity is high, causing many to question the cost-effectiveness of advanced technologies. Ironically, early discharge after birth originally was demanded by women who wanted alternatives to a "standard" hospital delivery.1In 1980, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defined "early discharge" as a stay of 48 hours after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery and "very early discharge" as a stay of less than 24 hours. Eligibility guidelines were outlined as uncomplicated full-term pregnancy with good prenatal care, follow-up care arranged, and desire for early discharge. Subsequently, health insurers began to seek significant cost savings by refusing
Cell-mediated immunity in patients with less than pemphigus vulgaris greater than before, during and after prolonged treatment with steroids.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was made of the number of T lymphocytes and thier functional activity in 16 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, 5 with involvement of the mucosa, 3 with involvement of the skin and 8 with involvement of both; 2 patients had been suffering from the disease for 7 years, one for one year and the remainder for one to 6 months prior to this investigation. Patients were tested prior to institution of treatment, while receiving initially high doses of steroids and subsequently on maintenance doses. T lymphocyte number was determined by the E rosette technique and their functional activity by a local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) developed in our laboratories. Prior to therapy 50% of the patients showed impairment in T cell function, with no improvement during intensive steroid therapy; subsequently, when the disease was under control, there was a clear tendency for function to return to normal. There was no correlation between duration of the disease and immune competence but there appeared to be a partial correlation between the latter and the degree of involvement. Our study indicates that long-term steroid therapy not only benefits the clinical condition of the patient but is associated with an improvement in the immunological status.
[Excerpt from Wilbur A. Sawyer's diary concerning his own yellow fever]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Rockefeller Foundation's Yellow Fever Laboratory was established in June 1928 and placed under Sawyer's direction. Like many of the staff who worked with yellow fever virus, Sawyer contracted the disease despite elaborate measures taken to prevent infection. He entered a brief account of the experience, including daily temperature and pulse readings, in his diary.
THE ORIGIN,CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF FILTERING THEORY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The filtering theory indicates that when high income groups move out to new houses,the houses left behind by them filter down to lower income groups.In this constant dynamic shifting progress,residents filter up according to their social classes,as houses filter down.The core of the theory is housing units and households.Filtering results from the interaction of life-cycle trajectories of housing units and those of households.The progress is complex because it is the intersection of economic and social forces related to housing and households over time.There are active filtering and positive filtering in act.The mechanism of filtering contains three dimensions including qualities of households and housing units,command over resources and location in social and geographic space.These dimensions influence the function of active and positive filtering,and reflect the process and results of filtering.Filtering theory relates to economic,social,geographic and other different fields.The origin and development of the theory is a mutually reinforcing process of academic researches and practice in housing market.The concept of filtering first appeared in Britain in the mid-19th century,but the study and applications of the theory are carried out mainly in the USA.Researches on filtering are divided into two major streams.One began in the late 1940s,focusing on housing units based on economic theory and models.The other began in 1980s emphasizing on households concerning residential mobility.In this kind of researches,the demographic model of filtering process contributes to elaborate a perspective on social stratification,and combines filtering with social problems.The geographic perspective of filtering theory can be traced back to the sector model developed by Homer Hoyt in 1930s.From this point of view,the concept of filtering is of crucial significance,as it provides an explanation of the relationship between residential mobility and urban social spatial structure.Filtering theory has three important applications.The first is to provide suitable houses for low income groups and to improve their living conditions;the second is to explain spatial structure development at the micro and macro levels;the third refers to the analysis and interpretation of the housing market-related social problems.
Structural and Thermal Characterization of Halogenated Azidopyridines: Under-Reported Synthons for Medicinal Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Owing to their participation in Click reactions, bifunctional azides are valuable intermediates in the preparation of medicines and biochemical tool compounds. Despite the privileged nature of pyridines among pharmaceutical scaffolds, reports of the synthesis and characterization of azidopyridines bearing a halogen substituent for further elaboration are almost completely unknown in the literature. As azidopyridines carry nearly equal numbers of nitrogen and carbon atoms, we hypothesized that safety concerns limited the application of these useful bifunctional building blocks in medicinal and biological chemistry. To address this concern, we prepared and characterized nine azidopyridines bearing a single fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atom. All were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in which they demonstrated exotherms of 228-326 kJ/mol and onset temperatures between 119 and 135 °C. Selected azidopyridines were advanced to mechanical stress testing, in which impact sensitivity was noted for one regioisomer of C5H3FN4. The utility of these versatile intermediates was demonstrated through their use in a variety of Click reactions and the diversification of the halogen handles.
‘All my co-workers are good people, but…’: collaboration dynamics between frontline workers in rural Uttar Pradesh, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Multisectoral collaboration has been identified as a critical component in a wide variety of health and development initiatives. For India’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, which serves &gt;100 million people annually across more than one million villages, a key point of multisectoral collaboration—or ‘convergence’, as it is often called in India—is between the three frontline worker cadres jointly responsible for delivering essential maternal and child health and nutritional services throughout the country: the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA), Anganwadi worker (AWW) and auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) or ‘AAA’ workers. Despite the long-recognized importance of collaboration within this triad, there has been relatively little documentation of what this looks like in practice and what is needed in order to improve it. Informed by a conceptual framework of collaborative governance, this study applies inductive thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 18 AAA workers and 6 medical officers from 6 villages across three administrative blocks in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh state to identify the key elements of collaboration. These are grouped into three broad categories: ‘organizational’ (including interdependence, role clarity, guidance/support and resource availability); ‘relational’ (interpersonal and conflict resolution) and ‘personal’ (flexibility, diligence and locus of control). These findings underscore the importance of ‘personal’ and ‘relational’ collaboration features, which are underemphasized in India’s ICDS, the largest of its kind globally, and in the multisectoral collaboration literature more broadly—both of which place greater emphasis on ‘organizational’ aspects of collaboration. These findings are largely consistent with prior studies but are notably different in that they highlight the importance of flexibility, locus of control and conflict resolution in collaborative relationships, all of which relate to one’s ability to adapt to unexpected obstacles and find mutually workable solutions with colleagues. From a policy perspective, supporting these key elements of collaboration may involve giving frontline workers more autonomy in how they get the work done, which may in some cases be impeded by additional training to reinforce worker role delineation, closer monitoring or other top-down efforts to push greater convergence. Given the essential role that frontline workers play in multisectoral initiatives in India and around the world, there is a clear need for policymakers and managers to understand the elements affecting collaboration between these workers when designing and implementing programmes.