jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysing the 2020-21 Northern Cyprus Drug and Addiction Report: Is Educational Status a Determinant Variable?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 2020-21 Northern Cyprus Drug and Addiction Report, the data obtained in order to describe the characteristics of addicts are discussed in terms of many variables. In this study, it is aimed to focus on a single variable in order to evaluate the problem in more detail. Thus, the effect of the educational status variable on substance addiction will be discussed and a contribution to the literature will be made. In this study, it is aimed to reveal whether the educational status of addicts affects their willingness to receive treatment. In addition, it will also be investigated whether the variable of educational status is a determining variable in the criminal behaviour of people with substance addiction. This study was based on the quantitative approach. The descriptive model was used in the research. The sample of the research consists of 226 addicts living in Northern Cyprus and applying to the Prime Ministry Drug Enforcement Commission in the 2020-21 period, depending on the convenience sample. The data were obtained through a questionnaire and the analysis was carried out by frequency-percentage. When the findings of this study are evaluated, it is seen that the education level of substance addicts is mostly at high school level. As the level of education increases, the number of those benefiting from probation increases.
Two-Tier, Location-Aware and Highly Resilient Key Predistribution Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a probabilistic key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks, where keying materials are distributed to sensor nodes for secure communication. We use a two-tier approach in which there are two types of nodes: regular nodes and agent nodes. Agent nodes are more capable than regular nodes. Our node deployment model is zone-based such that the nodes that may end up with closer positions on ground are grouped together. The keying material of nodes that belong to different zones is non-overlapping. However, it is still possible for nodes that belong to different zones to communicate with each other via agent nodes when needed. We give a comparative analysis of our scheme through simulations and show that our scheme provides good connectivity figures at reasonable communication cost. Most importantly, simulation results show that our scheme is highly resilient to node captures.
Homooligomerization is needed for stability: a molecular modelling and solution study of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although many enzymes are homooligomers composed of tightly bound subunits, it is often the case that smaller assemblies of such subunits, or even individual monomers, seem to have all the structural features necessary to independently conduct catalysis. In this study, we investigated the reasons justifying the necessity for the hexameric form of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase – a homohexamer composed of three linked dimers – since it appears that the dimer is the smallest unit capable of catalyzing the reaction, according to the currently accepted mechanism. Molecular modelling was employed to probe mutations at the dimer–dimer interface that would result in a dimeric enzyme form. In this way, both in silico and in vitro , the hexamer was successfully transformed into dimers. However, modelling and solution studies show that, when isolated, dimers cannot maintain the appropriate three‐dimensional structure, including the geometry of the active site and the position of the catalytically important amino acids. Analytical ultracentrifugation proves that E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase dimeric mutants tend to dissociate into monomers with dissociation constants of 20–80 μ m . Consistently, the catalytic activity of these mutants is negligible, at least 6 orders of magnitude smaller than for the wild‐type enzyme. We conclude that the hexameric architecture of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase is necessary to provide stabilization of the proper three‐dimensional structure of the dimeric assembly, and therefore this enzyme is the obligate (obligatory) hexamer. Structured digital abstract ● PNP and PNP bind by molecular sieving ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 )
Large scale track analysis for wide area motion imagery surveillance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) enables image based surveillance of areas that can cover multiple square kilometers. Interpreting and analyzing information from such sources, becomes increasingly time consuming as more data is added from newly developed methods for information extraction. Captured from a moving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), the high-resolution images allow detection and tracking of moving vehicles, but this is a highly challenging task. By using a chain of computer vision detectors and machine learning techniques, we are capable of producing high quality track information of more than 40 thousand vehicles per five minutes. When faced with such a vast number of vehicular tracks, it is useful for analysts to be able to quickly query information based on region of interest, color, maneuvers or other high-level types of information, to gain insight and find relevant activities in the flood of information. In this paper we propose a set of tools, combined in a graphical user interface, which allows data analysts to survey vehicles in a large observed area. In order to retrieve (parts of) images from the high-resolution data, we developed a multi-scale tile-based video file format that allows to quickly obtain only a part, or a sub-sampling of the original high resolution image. By storing tiles of a still image according to a predefined order, we can quickly retrieve a particular region of the image at any relevant scale, by skipping to the correct frames and reconstructing the image. Location based queries allow a user to select tracks around a particular region of interest such as landmark, building or street. By using an integrated search engine, users can quickly select tracks that are in the vicinity of locations of interest. Another time-reducing method when searching for a particular vehicle, is to filter on color or color intensity. Automatic maneuver detection adds information to the tracks that can be used to find vehicles based on their behavior.
The Application of a Radial Basis Function Morphing Technique to a Validated Full Human Body Finite Element Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Motor vehicle crashes kill over 1 million people worldwide each year making them one of the most common causes of death. With finite element models being used as tools to study blunt injuries, it is critical to validate them in a range of loading scenarios to ensure accurate model outputs. While human body models have typically been validated qualitatively, quantitative methods available to researchers can provide objective comparisons to the experimental data or between models. Validated human body models can help reveal the role that body habitus plays in injury outcomes for motor vehicle occupants. The objective of this dissertation was to validate a mid-sized male full human body finite element model and use that model as a basis for the development of a large male model.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The twenty-first century saw the emergence of a new doctrine of state and international responsibility in the form of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). This doctrine transforms, in principle, the moral and political vocabulary of international politics from one of traditional definitions of state and human rights to a broadened normative understanding of domestic and global responsibilities. The doctrine stipulates that states individually and collectively have responsibilities to protect their citizens and those of other states from mass atrocity crimes. In using this language the international community has formalized the idea that states, in addition to their rights, have responsibilities that are essentially cosmopolitan in that they are owed to people everywhere....
Universality of macroscopic neuronal dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recordings of whole brain activity with single neuron resolution are now feasible in simple organisms. Yet, it is still challenging to appropriately simplify such complex, noisy, and multivariate data in order to reveal general principles of nervous system function. Here, we develop a method that allows us to extract global brain dynamics from pan-neuronal imaging. Success of this method is rooted in a surprising mathematical connection between dimensionality reduction and a general class of thermodynamic systems. Application of this theoretical framework to the nervous system of C. elegans reveals the manifold that sculpts global brain dynamics. This manifold allows us to predict switches between worm behaviors across individuals, implying that macroscopic dynamics embodied by the manifold are universal. In contrast, activation of individual neurons differs consistently between worms. These findings suggest that brains of genetically identical individuals express distinct microscopic neuronal configurations which nonetheless yield equivalent macroscopic dynamics.
CDR and Tropical Forestry: Fighting Climate Change One Cubic Meter a Time

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the coming decades, there will be a global increase in demand for biomass and in advocating GHG emission removal technology and practices. In the agriculture and forestry context, intensification of land use is the most promising solution—together with processing efficiency—in balancing consumption, rated as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), with Net Primary Production (NPP) from atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Forest plantations, croplands, cultivated pastures, lianas, palms and other secondary vegetation have shown yield gains from CO2 fertilization, while native forest (trees) experience short-lived increases in growth rates and are out-competed by fast-growing components—secondary vegetation. There is evident path of degradation in non-managed, native tropical forests fueled by atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Following such BAU scenario, tropical forests would experience important dwindling in tree cover on a temporal scale. An alternative IFM scenario is proposed combining contemporary silviculture techniques, adapted land use intensification and HWP increase. This would contribute additional atmospheric CO2 removals, certifiable as CDR goods able to generate carbon credits and financial incentive for cultivation of improved native tree species. These CDR credits can be included in tropical countries’ NDC and presented at UNFCCC as an ITMO for fighting global climate change.
Novel and unusual genes for nitrogen and metal cycling in Planctomycetota- and KSB1-affiliated metagenome-assembled genomes reconstructed from a marine subsea tunnel

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Oslofjord subsea road tunnel is a unique environment in which the typically anoxic marine deep subsurface is exposed to oxygen. Concrete biodeterioration and steel corrosion in the tunnel have been linked to the growth of iron- and manganese-oxidizing biofilms in areas of saline water seepage. Surprisingly, previous 16S rRNA gene surveys of biofilm samples revealed microbial communities dominated by sequences affiliated with nitrogen-cycling microorganisms. This study aimed to identify microbial genomes with metabolic potential for novel nitrogen- and metal-cycling reactions, representing biofilm microorganisms that could link these cycles and play a role in concrete biodeterioration. We reconstructed 33 abundant, novel metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated with the phylum Planctomycetota and the candidate phylum KSB1. We identified novel and unusual genes and gene clusters in these MAGs related to anaerobic ammonium oxidation, nitrite oxidation, and other nitrogen-cycling reactions. Additionally, 26 of 33 MAGs also had the potential for iron, manganese, and arsenite cycling, suggesting that bacteria represented by these genomes might couple these reactions. Our results expand the diversity of microorganisms putatively involved in nitrogen and metal cycling, and contribute to our understanding of potential biofilm impacts on built infrastructure.
Will the advanced internal rating based (A-IRB) approach lead to increase in US bank mergers?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Our paper examined whether there would be an increased likelihood of banks merging to improve their post-A-IRB financial performance after adopting the Advanced Internal Rating Based (A-IRB) approach. We used return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA) and credit risk (CR) as indicators of banks’ financial status. An analysis on bank’s hypothetical post-A-IRB financial status showed that banks would utilize excess capital to merge to improve profitability.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF EDUCATORS IN DIGCOMPEDU: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study aims to identify strategies aligned with DigCompEdu or its principles that are employed for the development of digital competences in teachers across all levels of education. The study is characterized as a literature review of the narrative type. The descriptors used in the survey conducted in the Scopus database were "professors," "DigCompEdu," and "digital competence," along with the boolean operators "and" and "or," with the combination "professors" and "DigCompEdu" or "digital competence." The gathering of information and the parameters used in the search, screening, and data selection followed the recommendations of the PRISMA methodology. The research database corpus was analyzed through qualitative content analysis with Bardin's methodology. As main findings, the absence of themes related to "Institutional Communication" was noted. In "Professional Collaboration," professional instrumental collaboration was prevalent, and the need for interventionist actions was emphasized. In "Reflective Practice," it was reinforced that spaces for exchange and dialogue are the most effective for teacher learning. Finally, in "Continuous Professional Development," complementary training was seen as essential. The main strategy indicated in studies aligned with DigCompEdu is related to Continuous Professional Development. This study further emphasizes that social, cultural, economic contexts, gender inequalities, and differences in thematic fields of action should be considered for a better diagnosis of the acquisition of digital competences, enabling more effective interventions for better teacher training. The research concludes that the implementation of enhanced digital resources is fundamental for continuous professional development in educational mediation.
Operations Management, Sustainability & Industry 5.0: A critical analysis and future agenda

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to discuss how literature explores the relationship between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, operations management, and sustainability. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate this relationship, and 30 articles were identified. The data from these articles was discussed in a structured summary, which facilitated its analysis. It was identified that the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data are the most commonly cited technologies in the current literature. However, it was realised that most of the literature analysed in this study focuses mainly on Industry 4.0 instead of Industry 5.0. This represents a concern and also an empirical and theoretical opportunity for a deeper analysis of topics such as people, sustainability, and organizational resilience related to Operations Management & Supply Chain. These opportunities can provide insights and assist researchers in future operations management practices and further research.
Automatic Recognition of Harmful Algae Images Using Multiple CNNs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The monitoring of harmful algae is extremely important for early warning of red tide and protecting water ecological resources. Addressing the problem that manual algae identification is time-consuming, expensive and requires professionals with substantial experience, multiple Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning based on transfer learning were used to achieve automatic classification of various algae and identification of harmful algae. In this paper, 11 species of harmful algae and 31 species of harmless algae were collected as the input dataset, and transferred to five fine-tuned classical CNN classification models of AlexNet, VGG16, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2 for comparison experiments, and finally, the GoogLeN et model reached a relatively higher recognition accuracy. In addition, a new harmful algae identification method was proposed combining the recognition results of five models, and the recall rate is 98.8%. The experiments of this work show that combing multiple CNN s can realize the recognition of harmful algae, which method plays a key role in the preliminary screening of harmful algae.
Lysobacter terricola sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Strain 5GH22-11T, which was isolated from greenhouse soil in the Yangpyeong region, Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea, was characterized to be an aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. It could grow at temperatures from 10 to 33 °C (optimum of 28-30 °C), in the pH range of 6.0-10.0 (optimum of pH 7.0) and without NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 5GH18-14T showed the highest sequence similarities with Lysobacter niabensis GH34-4T (98.6 %), Lysobacter yangpyeongensis GH19-3T (98.1 %), 'Lysobacter fragariae' THG-DN8.7 (97.9 %), Lysobacter terrae THG-A13T (97.3 %), 'Lysobacter rhizosphaerae' THG-DN8.3 (97.2 %), 'Lysobacter tyrosinelyticus' THG-DN8.2 (97.2 %) and Lysobacter oryzae YC6269T (97.2 %), revealing less than 95.5 % sequence similarities with all other species with validly published names. Phylogenetic trees also indicated that strain 5GH18-14T formed a compact subcluster with L. niabensis GH34-4T, L. yangpyeongensis GH19-3T, L. terrae THG-A13T and L. oryzae YC6269T within the genus Lysobacter. The predominant quinone of strain 5GH18-14T was Q-8. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine in large amounts, and moderate or small amounts of three unknown phospholipids and two unknown aminophospholipids. DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related species were below 70 %. The DNA G+C content was 65.9 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it has been demonstrated that strain 5GH18-14T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter terricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5GH18-14T ( = KACC 16954T = JCM 30862T).
Response of sheep fed urea-treated corncob and supplemented with cassava leaf meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding untreated or urea-treated ground corncob and supplementing with cassava leaf meal (CLM) in a total mixed ration on growth, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization and rumen fermentation of sheep. Five diet treatments with five replications consisted of untreated corncob + concentrate (CC); urea-treated corncob + concentrate (UCC); and CC and UCC supplemented with CLM and designated as CC+CLM and UCC+CLM, respectively. A diet formulated with a mixture of elephant grass and concentrate was used as control (EG). There were no significant differences in dry matter intake (DMI) between treatments. The average DMI was 4.17% bodyweight. Average daily gain (ADG) of sheep fed the treatment diets was between 146.3 and 176.2 g/h/day, and was higher than EG (89.1 g/head/day). Thus, the treatments improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). Nitrogen retention was lowest for EG and highest for UCC and UCC+CLM. The addition of CLM had no effect on growth, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation characteristics. It was concluded that corncob could be used as a replacement for elephant grass in postweaning diets for sheep.
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthiasis and Associated Risk Factors among Schoolchildren in Dawro Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common infections worldwide and these infections tend to be higher in schoolchildren than other members of the community. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine infection prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal helminths among schoolchildren in Dawro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional parasitological study was conducted between May to July, 2014 among children in selected primary schools. Using standard parasitological methods, 374 randomly selected children were examined for soil transmitted helminths and S. mansoni among which 224 (59.9%) were found positive at least for one intestinal helminth. Seven helminth species were identified in the study subjects with the most dominant parasite being Ascaris lumbricoides (47.3%) followed by Trichuris trichiura (23.5%) while Schistosoma mansoni (1.1%) being the least dominant. The present study indicated that there is a need for integrated control program through periodic deworming, enhancing socio-economic status, supplying safe water for drinking and promoting health education so as to bring lasting impact on transmission of intestinal helminthic infections. Keywords: intestinal helminths, schoolchildren, Dawro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
The Law Is a White Dog

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abused dogs, prisoners tortured in Guantánamo and supermax facilities, or slaves killed by the state—all are deprived of personhood through legal acts. Such deprivations have recurred throughout history, and the law sustains these terrors and banishments even as it upholds the civil order. Examining such troubling cases, this book tackles key societal questions: How does the law construct our identities? How do its rules and sanctions make or unmake persons? And how do the supposedly rational claims of the law define marginal entities, both natural and supernatural, including ghosts, dogs, slaves, terrorist suspects, and felons? The book looks at how the law disfigures individuals and animals, and how slavery, punishment, and torture create unforeseen effects in our daily lives. Moving seamlessly across genres and disciplines, the book considers legal practices and spiritual beliefs from medieval England, the North American colonies, and the Caribbean that have survived in our legal discourse, and it explores the civil deaths of felons and slaves through lawful repression. Tracing the legacy of slavery in the United States in the structures of the contemporary American prison system and in the administrative detention of ghostly supermax facilities, the book also demonstrates how contemporary jurisprudence regarding cruel and unusual punishment prepared the way for abuses in Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo. Using conventional historical and legal sources to answer unconventional questions, the book illuminates stark truths about civil society's ability to marginalize, exclude, and dehumanize.