jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A conditional adversarial operator network prediction method for current fields in armature-rail contact surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Linear propulsion electromagnetic energy equipment can convert electromagnetic energy to kinetic energy instantaneously and has many advantages, such as high kinetic energy, efficiency, precision, and strong controllability. It surpasses traditional mechanical and chemical energy methods, significantly impacting various fields. Aiming at the numerical simulation method, which has problems with large computation volume and a long time of physical field simulation, the current field prediction method of linear propulsion electromagnetic energy equipment based on a Deep Generation Adversarial Operator Network is proposed. Firstly, DeepONet is combined with Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) to obtain the knowledge-embedded CGAONet model. Then, Res-Transformer-Unet (RTUnet) is used as a branch network of CGAONet to establish the RTUnet-CGAONet model, and the current field method using a deep adversarial operator network is proposed. Finally, the finite element simulation model of the US public linear propulsion electromagnetic energy equipment calculation example is established to construct the simulation dataset from one-dimensional excitation current value and time data to a two-dimensional current field. The trained RTUnet-CGAONet model predicts the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.94% in the 2D current field, and the model is minimally affected by the number of samples in the dataset. The results of this paper can achieve the second-level calculation of the current field under different excitation currents, which provides a new way of thinking for the analysis of dynamic characteristics of linear propulsion electromagnetic energy equipment.
Approaches of the Innate Immune System to Ameliorate Adaptive Immunotherapy for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Their Microenvironment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A dominant paradigm being developed in immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies is of adaptive immunotherapy that involves chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers. CAR T-cell therapy has yielded results that surpass those of the existing salvage immunochemotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after first-line immunochemotherapy, while offering a therapeutic option for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, the role of the innate immune system has been shown to prolong CAR T-cell persistence. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 47-blocking antibodies, which are a promising therapeutic armamentarium for DLBCL, are novel innate immune checkpoint inhibitors that allow macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells. Intratumoral Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide plays a pivotal role in FL, and vaccination may be required in MCL. Additionally, local stimulator of interferon gene agonists, which induce a systemic anti-lymphoma CD8+ T-cell response, and the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB/CD137 or OX40/CD134 agonistic antibodies represent attractive agents for dendritic cell activations, which subsequently, facilitates initiation of productive T-cell priming and NK cells. This review describes the exploitation of approaches that trigger innate immune activation for adaptive immune cells to operate maximally in the tumor microenvironment of these lymphomas.
Human hepatitis B virus Enhancer 1 is responsive to human interleukin-6.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

HBVのエンハンサー1(Enh 1)に及ぼすヒトインターロイキン6 (IL-6)の影響を,HepG2細胞を用いて検討した.CATアッセイにおいて,Enh 1とエンハンサー活性に重要な領域であるEnh 1コア配列(Enh 1CS)のエンハンサー活性は,IL-6(20ng/ml)刺激により増強することが示された.またEnh 1CSが転写因子であるNF-IL6に対しても応答すること,IL-6とNF-IL6に対して応答する配列が一致することから,IL-6刺激がNF-IL6を介してEnh 1CSに作用すると考えられた.ゲルシフトアッセイにおいて,IL-6刺激及びNF-IL6強制発現によりEnh 1CSに特異的な一つの複合体が増加した.一方,この複合体と精製組み換え型NF-IL6のDNA結合配列については,competitorアッセイにおいて差異が認められた.以上より,IL-6刺激がEnh 1を活性化すること,またその機序としてヘテロ二量体のNF-IL6がEnh 1CSに結合する可能性が示された.
A preliminary report on soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the three river gorge regions in eastern Tibet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 47 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 29 species in 15 genera were found from the gorge regions of three rivers (the Jinsha River, the Nu River and the Lantsang River) in eastern Tibet. Most of the genera and species found are new for the regions. Among them Eladia tibetensis is a new species, and Scytalidium acidophilum and S. circinatum are new records to China. Latin description is given for the new species. Brief descriptions and illustrations of the new records are also given based on Chinese isolates. The other 26 species being previously known from China in several genera are also listed. Dried cultures and living cultures studied have been deposited in Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).
Plasmonic modulator using CMOS-compatible material platform

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a design of ultra-compact plasmonic modulator is proposed and numerically analyzed. The device l ayout utilizes alternative plas monic materials such as tr ansparent conducting oxides and titanium nitride which potentially can be applied for CMOS compatible process. The modulation is obtained by varying the ca rrier concentration of th e transparent conducting oxide layer and exciting plasmonic resonance in the structure. The analysis shows that an extinction ratio of 46 dB/μm can be achieved at the telecommunication wavelength. Proposed structure is particularly convenient for integration with existing insulator-metal-insu lator plasmonic waveguides as well as novel photonic/electronic hybrid circuits
Compact photoacoustic add-on for a reflectance confocal microscope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has become a standard method for skin diagnostics. It is based on tightly focusing a continuous laser beam with an objective into the skin and collecting the back scattered light through a pinhole for generating images of selected planes to a depth of several 100 micrometers. For enhancing its diagnostic capability, the RCM can be combined with optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), providing strong optical absorption contrast for melanocytic lesions. We have developed a compact add-on to common optical objectives that is able to detect the photoacoustically generated transients with high bandwidth, using four piezoelectric elements made of poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The elements are arranged on four quadrants of a conical surface around the objective, taking advantage of the focusing effect of the slightly curved surface. For taking an image, the pulsed and continuous excitation beams are simultaneously scanned over the sample using a pair of galvanometric mirrors. Photoacoustic images of the selected plane are then generated for each separate sensing element and are subsequently added in order to achieve an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. Simultaneously recorded back scattered light provides the input for the RCM mode. We present a characterization of the sensors and provide experimental results on phantoms.
Inhibition of G protein-gated K+ channels by tertiapin-Q rescues sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular conduction in mouse models of primary bradycardia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sinus node (SAN) dysfunction (SND) manifests as low heart rate (HR) and is often accompanied by atrial tachycardia or atrioventricular (AV) block. The only currently available therapy for chronic SND is the implantation of an electronic pacemaker. Because of the growing burden of SND in the population, new pharmacological therapies of chronic SND and heart block are desirable. We developed a collection of genetically modified mouse strains recapitulating human primary SND associated with different degrees of AV block. These mice were generated with genetic ablation of L-type Ca v 1.3 (Ca v 1.3 −/− ), T-type Ca v 3.1 (Ca v 3.1 −/− ), or both (Ca v 1.3 −/− /Ca v 3.1 −/− ). We also studied mice haplo-insufficient for the Na + channel Na v 1.5 (Na v 1.5 +/ ) and mice in which the cAMP-dependent regulation of hyperpolarization-activated f-(HCN4) channels has been abolished (HCN4-CNBD). We analysed, by telemetric ECG recording, whether pharmacological inhibition of the G-protein-activated K + current ( I KACh ) by the peptide tertiapin-Q could improve HR and AV conduction in these mouse strains. Tertiapin-Q significantly improved the HR of Ca v 1.3 −/− (19%), Ca v 1.3 −/− /Ca v 3.1 −/− (23%) and HCN4-CNBD (14%) mice. Tertiapin-Q also improved cardiac conduction of Na v 1.5 +/− mice by 24%. Our data suggest that the development of pharmacological I KACh inhibitors for the management of SND and conduction disease is a viable approach.
Effects of (-)-epicatechin on oxidation of theaflavins by polyphenol oxidase from tea leaves.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The oxidation of black tea components such as theaflavin, theaflavin monogallates, and theaflavin digallate by partially purified polyphenol oxidase from tea leaves in the presence and absence of equimolar concentrations of (-)-epicatechin was studied in model fermentation experiments under aerobic conditions. The oxidation of theaflavin monogallates was more rapid than that of theaflavin digallate, which was very slow. (-)-Epigallocatechin was not effective in oxidizing theaflavin components, instead it prevented their oxidation.
A method for the separation of lymphocytes and plasma cells from the human palatine tonsil using sedimentation in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several methods for the dissociation of human tonsils into cell suspensions were compared. Dissociation of tonsils using 0-25 per cent trypsin gave both the largest number of total cells and the largest number of plasma cells per gram of tonsil. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were separated in a previously described isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. In the purest gradient fractions, lymphocytes were 97-2 plus or minus 1-9 per cent of nucleated cells. The purest gradient fractions contained 43-1 plus or minus 5-9 per cent plasma cells. More than 95 per cent of purified lymphocytes and plasma cells excluded Trypan Blue.
Exploring How Elementary School Teachers Foster Inclusion in the Classroom for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Address Bullying

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative research project addresses inclusion in the classroom for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It also addresses the question on how a sample of elementary school teachers work towards preventing students with ASD from being bullied, and build acceptance and understanding within their classroom and school community. Research describes the various characteristics of the developmental disorder and how it can affect students within a social context. Some of the main themes and key findings associated with this topic involve: Different community-building strategies to help build acceptance of ASD in schools; observing students and their daily interactions with their peers; using a variety of resources that promote and represent differences; as well as facing the challenges of teaching students the difference between equity and equality. As a beginning teacher, I have learned some useful strategies and resources that will support and help me as well as other teachers, create an inclusive classroom environment for students with ASD.
Impacts of glycans attached to therapeutic glycoproteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High value-added therapeutic proteins have been leading the biologics industry and occupied major portion of the market. More than 60% of the currently available protein therapeutics are glycoproteins attached with glycans which play crucial roles for the protein folding, therapeutic efficacy, in vivo half-life and immunogenecity. This review introduces the process of glycosylation and the impacts of glycans in the aspects of therapeutics. The important glycan structures in therapeutic performances were also summarized focusing on three representative categories of glycoproteins, cytokines, therapeutic antibody and enzyme. Currently, mammalian expression systems such as Chinese hamster ovary cells are preferred for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins due to their ability to synthesize glycans having similar structures with human type glycans. However, recent advances of plant glycoengineering to overcome the limitation originating from different glycan structures will soon allow to develop more efficient and economic plant-based production systems for therapeutic glycoproteins.
Endogenous Inhibition of the Trigeminally Evoked Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons by Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Stimulation of the nasal mucosa by airborne irritants or water evokes a pronounced bradycardia accompanied by peripheral vasoconstriction and apnea. The dive response, which includes the trigeminocardiac reflex, is among the most powerful autonomic responses. These responses slow the heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. Although normally cardioprotective, exaggeration of this reflex can be detrimental and has been implicated in cardiorespiratory diseases, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). An essential component of the diving response and trigeminocardiac reflex is activation of the parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) in the nucleus ambiguus that control heart rate. This study examined the involvement of cholinergic receptors in trigeminally evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in CVNs in an in vitro preparation from rats. CVNs were identified using a retrograde tracer injected into the fat pads at the base of the heart. Application of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine significantly decreased the amplitude of glutamatergic neurotransmission to CVNs on stimulation of trigeminal fibers. Whereas nicotine did not have any effect on the glutamatergic responses, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist bethanechol significantly decreased the excitatory neurotransmission. Atropine, an mAChR antagonist, facilitated these responses indicating this trigeminally evoked brain stem pathway in vitro is endogenously inhibited by mAChRs. Tropicamide, an m4 mAChR antagonist, prevented the inhibitory action of the muscarinic agonist bethanechol. These results indicate that the glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission in the trigeminally evoked pathway to CVNs is endogenously inhibited in vitro by m4 mAChRs.
Research on MPPT technology based on three-stage variable step size disturbance observation method

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For the traditional disturbance observation method, it is impossible to take into account both tracking speed and steady-state accuracy with a fixed step size, so we change the step size and propose disturbance observation method based on three-stage variable step size. The specific method is to set the basic step size and the slope threshold of the P-V curve, and then scale factors according to the interval segment of the slope value of the working point, so as to realize the dynamic adjustment of the step size. Simulation experiments show that after the algorithm is improved, the tracking speed is faster when the environment changes suddenly; when the environment is stable, the power oscillation is reduced. The above has certain positive significance for improving efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
Matlab code for 'Analytical model for the out-of-plane response of vertically spanning unreinforced masonry walls'

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This repository contains the Matlab scripts needed to reproduce the results shown in the article: Godio M, Beyer K. Analytical model for the out-of-plane response of vertically-spanning unreinforced masonry walls. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn. 2017;46:2757-2776. DOI:10.1002/eqe.2929 Version history:
V1: Matlab code needed to reproduce the plots of Figure 4 of the article is added
V2: content PDF-file is added
Attention-based hybrid convolutional-long short-term memory network for bridge pier hysteresis and backbone curves prediction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a solution to the problem of automatically predicting hysteresis and backbone curves of bridge piers under seismic loads. The proposed solution utilizes a stacked hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-bidirectional Cuda Deep Neural Network Long Short Term Memory layer benefiting from the skip connections technique and incorporates a custom task-specific attention layer to enhance its performance. The proposed framework borrows the functional API provided by the Keras library in Python to construct a model taking into account horizontal and vertical ground accelerations, actuator loads in both horizontal and vertical directions, the effective pier height, the second moment of area, and the superstructure mass as input features. The deep learning model demands a substantial amount of data for effective training, validation, and testing. An error-sensitive analysis suggests that a comprehensive dataset should consist of a minimum of 12 sets of pier data for real-time hybrid simulations and 17 sets for cyclic experiments (10 for high-speed and seven for low-speed scenarios). This extensive dataset is deemed essential for the optimal performance of the model. The same deep learning framework and optimization of hyperparameters apply when training real-time hybrid simulations and conducting cyclic tests. After 5000 epochs, the proposed hybrid loss function, combining mean square and mean absolute errors, exhibits a steady and gradual decrease toward near-zero values within the datasets used for training and validation. Additionally, over 93% correlation exists between the predicted unseen time series responses and those derived from empirical measurements. Overall, the proposed deep learning model offers significant advantages, notably in terms of time and cost savings associated with experimental endeavors for new tests. By providing a rapid and accurate understanding of the hysteretic behavior of bridge piers, this model contributes to more efficient bridge design processes. Ultimately, it facilitates precision in design decisions, leading to enhanced accuracy and effectiveness in bridge engineering.
LES Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Turbulent Pipe Flow with Lead Coolant at Different Reynolds Numbers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper numerically simulates turbulent heat transfer in a round pipe in a wide range of Reynolds numbers using the CABARET nonparametric MILES method on grids with an incomplete resolution of the turbulence spectrum and the STAR-CCM+ CFD code in the LES approximation. The calculation results are compared with the DNS calculations of other authors found in the literature and with the RANS calculations implemented in the STAR-CCM+ CFD code. The simulation showed a satisfactory accuracy in determining the mean, root-mean-square, and integral characteristics of the flow; and it allowed us to identify the shortcomings of the existing model relations describing local turbulence characteristics. The authors propose a thermal wall function implemented in the RANS approximations.
Synthesis of Multi-Level Circuits Using EXOR-Gates

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ⎯ There are many methods for the synthesis of logical functions. All these methods can be divided into two classes the first one is Two-Level Logic Synthesis and the second one is Multi-Level Logic Synthesis. The multi-level circuits and their structure are easier for practical realization if there is a large number of variables. In this paper we concentrate on a part of the second class-synthesis of multi-level-circuits with EXOR-gates. We present six methods for EXOR-decomposition for both, completely and incompletely specified functions. In detail, we give an iterative algorithm for checking and calculating the EXOR- groupability for the incompletely specified functions relating to sets of variables. Using this method, it is possible to fully utilize the characteristics and properties of incompletely specified functions enabling synthesis of very efficent circuits. I.
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Obesity alters adipose tissue metabolic and endocrine function and leads to an increased release of fatty acids, hormones, and proinflammatory molecules that contribute to obesity associated complications. To further characterize the changes that occur in adipose tissue with increasing adiposity, we profiled transcript expression in perigonadal adipose tissue from groups of mice in which adiposity varied due to sex, diet, and the obesity-related mutations agouti (Ay) and obese (Lepob). We found that the expression of 1,304 transcripts correlated significantly with body mass. Of the 100 most significantly correlated genes, 30% encoded proteins that are characteristic of macrophages and are positively correlated with body mass. Immunohistochemical analysis of perigonadal, perirenal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue revealed that the percentage of cells expressing the macrophage marker F4/80 (F4/80+) was significantly and positively correlated with both adipocyte size and body mass. Similar relationships were found in human subcutaneous adipose tissue stained for the macrophage antigen CD68. Bone marrow transplant studies and quantitation of macrophage number in adipose tissue from macrophage-deficient (Csf1op/op) mice suggest that these F4/80+ cells are CSF-1 dependent, bone marrow–derived adipose tissue macrophages. Expression analysis of macrophage and nonmacrophage cell populations isolated from adipose tissue demonstrates that adipose tissue macrophages are responsible for almost all adipose tissue TNF-α expression and significant amounts of iNOS and IL-6 expression. Adipose tissue macrophage numbers increase in obesity and participate in inflammatory pathways that are activated in adipose tissues of obese individuals.
The Future of Official Statistics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Official statistics are a pure public good and a key element of our national data infrastructure. They support our well-being by informing a vast set of public and private decisions. Yet, today they stand at a crossroads in the United States. With new technologies, today's official statistics could be more relevant, interoperable, granular, and timely. Recent experience during the pandemic clarifies the need for improvement. The agencies could tap the new wealth of non-survey data to accomplish these goals without increasing burdens on survey respondents. They could operate more in sync with each other (to facilitate combining and sharing data) and more independently from politics (to reinforce public trust in their integrity). They could be better protected from defunding and requirements to combine operations with non-statistical agencies. These changes are possible, but not without effort by the statistical system's stakeholders. The agencies cannot do it alone.The alternative, I fear, is a downward spiral in official statistics. Current funding neglect and erosion of independence threaten to reduce public trust and data quality. Less reliable products would then lead to further cuts and lower response rates, and suppress quality further. Hence the spiral.To secure a promising future for official statistics and avoid the death spiral, the statistical system's stakeholders must actively advocate changes that include data-sharing legislation, flexible and dependable funding, adopting common data schema, and a modernized, more coordinated statistical system. The statistical and data science communities—including you—have an important role to play in choosing the path ahead.