jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ultrasonic Waves Produced by a Disk Transducer on Behavior of Microbubbles and Solid Particles in a Liquid (Distributions and Velocities of Microbubbles and Acrylic Particles)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of the present study is to clarify macroscopic behavior of microbubble (MB) and acrylic particles in tap water under ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves (in a traveling-wave field) at frequencies of 485 kHz and 3.493 MHz were irradiated on a microbubble-water mixture or an acrylic particles-water mixture in a vertical closed cylinder from the bottom with a disk transducer and ultrasonic waves at a frequencies of 96.3 kHz from the side wall in a rectangular vessel. The following results were obtained; (a) Macroscopic behavior of MB was affected by a directivity function while an effect of the function on behavior of acrylic particles was small. (b) Most MB were transported along radial lines from the center of the disk transducer at the frequency of 3.493 MHz, however, a few MB were transported in different directions. (c) Magnitudes of MB velocity were greater than those of acrylic particles. (e) The frequency became higher, MB was transported in the region of smaller deviation angle, i.e., near the irradiation axis.
Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Electrical Resistance Changes with Strain of CFRP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Strain monitoring of CFRP structure by measuring electrical resistance change has attracted attention over the years. High electrical conductivity of carbon fibers enables to measure the strain by making electrodes on the structure's surface and using bridge circuit as conventional strain gauge. Electrical resistance change method, however, is difficult to specify the gauge length because electric current is applied directly to the structure, and the current path depends on the stacking sequences, fiber volume fraction, and electrode's location. It is also difficult to measure the electrical resistance changes at different parts simultaneously because the outputs may interfere with each other due to overlapping of current paths inside the structure. In this study, three electrodes are connected to each bridge circuit to prevent electrical interference when the electrical resistance changes are measured simultaneously, whereas electrical resistance measurements normally use two electrodes. The proposed method puts ground electrodes every other so that current path could be limited between the ground electrodes. Only the strain between ground electrodes affects the electrical resistance output, and it makes simultaneous measurements at different position possible.
Vertebral osteomyelitis with a rare etiology diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Invasive fungal infections are rare in immunocompromised individuals, but are not uncommon in immunologically compromised patients. Bone involvement by these infections, though exceedingly rare, may occur due to direct extension of the infection from a neighboring organ or due to hematogenous dissemination in critically ill patients. Still rarer is the invasive aspergillosis involving either the vertebral body or the intervertebral disc with extension into the extradural space as an abscess. We report one such case of vertebral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus diagnosed by FNAC in a well‐controlled diabetic patient who presented with nonspecific symptoms and in whom a clinical and radiological diagnosis of Pott's spine was considered. The present case stresses the importance of early cytologic diagnosis of vertebral Aspergillus osteomyelitis, which in conjunction with appropriate timely medical and surgical treatment, offers good recovery without much sequelae or threat to life. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a valerian/hops fluid extract - a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG study in a parallel design using electrohypnograms.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Repetitive administrations of valerian/hops combinations have been widely used for self-administered therapy of sleep disturbances. This investigation focuses on the question if a single administration can be an effective sleep aid. Two parallel groups of n = 20 (verum) and n = 22 (placebo) were tested. Each subject spent two consecutive nights in the lab (reference night and medication night). Medication consisted in giving verum or placebo to poor sleepers identified by a validated sleep questionnaire (Schlaffragebogen SF-B). Two ml of the liquid ex?tract or similar smelling placebo were diluted in 50 ml water (flavoured with honey) and administered 15 minutes before EEG recording during the medication night. The data analysis is based on the electrohypnogram - a method derived from a validated computer assisted automatic analysis for depth of sleep. Differences between the reference nights and medication nights were evaluated and tested for significance. Time spent in sleep (values of the sleep frequency index "SFx" of the electrohypnogram of 74% or lower) was significantly higher for the verum group in comparison to the placebo group (p<0.01). The difference with respect to time spent in deeper sleep (i.e. 68% and lower or 62% and lower) between reference and medication night was also statistically significant at p<0.01. This parameter correlated with the difference in quality of sleep between the two consecutive nights as derived from the sleep inventory SF-A sub-score (subjects evaluation) with r = 0.48 at p<0.0001. The EEG derived parameter "sleep quantity" as calculated from the electrohypnogram proved superiority of the valerian/hops combination over placebo. Thus, the present investigation has shown evidence that a valerian/hops fluid extract can be used successfully using a single administration.
A deterministic non-linear model for rainfall-runoff relation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A non-linear model for the rainfall run-off relation is discussed by using the Laplace’s transform in the equation of continuity and storage. The equation of continuity has been converted into a nth order algebraic equation. A simple integration method has also been indicated for the constant input function. Some particular cases are also discussed as a verification of the result, and lastly the linear modern has been deduced as a special case from the non-linear model. The results are in close agreement with that of observed hydrograph.
Rat intestinal amino acid balances after the administration of an oral protein load.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The intestinal amino acid balances in rats given an oral load of protein were measured three hours after the gavage. During that period, about one half of the nitrogen from the protein given appeared as net balance in the portal blood. The release of amino acids was not a continuous process, since two peaks of maximal intestinal efflux were found at 1 and 2.5 hours after gavage. This pattern followed that of portal blood flow with a 30 minute delay. Under prandial conditions, the intestine showed a net uptake of glutamine, aspartate, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine and valine. It also showed a net production of alanine, glutamate, ornithine skeleton (arginine + citrulline + ornithine) and ammonia. There was also a surge of taurine, attributed to reabsorption of secreted taurine conjugates. There was a net unchanged absorption of glycine, proline, lysine and histidine, with respect to their proportions in the protein administered. The results suggest that the amino acid metabolism in the intestine under prandial conditions is much less passive than is generally assumed. The intestinal action upon the luminal amino acids is not limited to absorption, but is directly implied in their transformation to complement the ensuing homeostatic action of the liver upon them.
The effect of moldboard plow on tillage erosion along a hillslope

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Tillage erosion is considered one of the most important processes of land degradation in hilly cultivated areas. Extensive cultivation of hilly areas have largely degraded soil in the past decades due to the erosion caused by use of heavy powerful tillage implements. In order to evaluate the effect of moldboard plow on tillage erosion, a study was conducted along an intensively cultivated hillslope (slope gradient from 622%) with rainfed crops. Two tillage experiments were carried out, one with the tillage implement moving perpendicular and the other parallel to the contour lines. The soil displacement by tillage was measured by using tracers (numbered aluminum cylinders of 1 cm3 volume) that were inserted into the soil at various depths at selected slope positions to give a range of slope gradients. Thirty strips were prepared and 1200 tracers were inserted into the soil for each experiment. The location of each tracer was precisely recorded using a theodolite before and after the tillage operation. Soil displacement was analyzed & three plow depths (20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm) and for two directions of tillage operation in each experiment. The effect of long term moldboard plowing on tillage erosion in the study hillslope was examined by using past and present detailed soil survey, data, existing water erosion data, and empirical relationship data derived from this study. Downslope displacement of soil during tillage increased with increased plow depth and slope gradient. In steep hillslope positions (22% slope gradient), a maximum soil displacement of 97 cm was measured after plowing the soil downslope at the depth of 40 on and perpendicular to the contour lines. After plowing the soil along contour lines, under the same soil conditions, and management practices, soil displacement was reduced to 69 cm. A 50% reduction in plow depth reduced soil displacement by more than 75%. The upslope reversion of furrow with the tractor moving parallel or perpendicular to the contour lines significantly reduced soil displacement, from 2–33 cm. The comparison of two tillage experiments showed that contour farming significantly decreased tillage erosion. The analysis of detailed soil survey data, water erosion data, and tillage erosion data demonstrated that tillage erosion was the most important process transporting soil from the upper convex to the lower concave parts of the study hillslope.
On-Demand Logistics: Solutions, Barriers, and Enablers

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The urban freight sector provides an essential service by delivering goods that are required by shops, companies, and households at a specific place and time. However, the growth of e-commerce and the dawn of on-demand logistics (hereinafter ODL) have raised citizens’ expectations of logistics systems, further stressing them and thereby increasing their operational and environmental costs. To the authors’ best knowledge, there are no extensive literature reviews specifically on the topic of ODL and on suggestions for policy prioritisation for tackling its effects. This paper aims at addressing this issue by providing an extensive literature review of ODL and its enablers. This research, after a thorough explanation of the ODL rationale, its trends, and its effects, analyses possible solutions to its inefficiencies, focusing on enablers and barriers. Furthermore, it illustrates and clarifies the role of external factors in influencing ODL. Finally, it proposes a systematic evaluation approach by identifying knowledge gaps and consequently defining the subsequent actions needed, broken down by the individual influencing components, rendering these solutions compatible with the status quo and effective for solving the highlighted issues.
A Method for Response Replication at Component-Level in MIMO Random Testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) vibration control tests, designed to accurately mimic a struc- ture’s operational vibration environment. In MIMO random testing, the Cross Spectral Density (CSD) between each pair of control channel plays a key role in the outcome of the test. In fact, the same Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) but with different CSDs may determine a different response on the Device Under Test (DUT) and different drives required to conduct the test. In this scenario, this paper proposes a methodology that aim to replicate a random vibration environment at the component level with minimal excitation. The approach pre-defines the phase and correlation of the reference Spectral Density Matrix (SDM) that maximize the response of the DUT. Then, the reference SDM is completed with the minimum PSD values ensuring that the structure’s response in the laboratory aligns with the target vibration environment. This method enhances the consistency of laboratory tests with actual operational environments while minimizing the required energy, ultimately preserving the ex- citation system’s integrity. The paper provides both a theoretical and an experimental analysis of the proposed methodology. The experiments are carried on specifically designed specimen excited by a multi-axis vibration environment, provided by a three-axis shaker.
Reconciling ‘Cognitive Priming’ vs ‘Obtrusive Contingency’ Hypotheses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study tries to negotiate two competing hypotheses involving the obtrusiveness of issues in media agenda-setting study: the ‘obtrusive contingency’ and the ‘cognitive priming’ hypotheses. The former holds that an individual’s direct experience overwhelms the influence of media coverage, so agenda-setting effects decrease as the obtrusiveness of personal experience with an issue increases. On the other hand, the latter contends that personal experience with an issue enhances, rather than lessens agenda-setting effects. Based on a theory of associative network, the study argues that obtrusive issues show agenda-setting effects within a shorter time period as compared to unobtrusive ones. The degree to which the US is involved in foreign policy issues was considered a criterion to determine the obtrusiveness of the issues.
Emerging cellular and immunotherapies for systemic sclerosis: from mesenchymal stromal cells to CAR-T cells and vaccine-based approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Although two targeted therapies have received recent approval for systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease, they do not show major disease-modifying activity, highlighting the need for novel therapies and innovative paradigms. To that end, cellular therapies may represent a new opportunity for the treatment of SSc. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of emerging cell-based disease-modifying therapies in SSc. Recent findings Initial small studies in patients with severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using engineered regulatory cells show promising results. CD19-directed CAR-T have shown promising results in one case report of refractory diffuse cutaneous SSc patients. T cells engineered to express a chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR-T cells) may be even more relevant via the specific elimination of auto-reactive B cells. Targeting pro-fibrotic or senescence-related pathways may also constitute promising approaches in SSc. Summary Building on the classification of the clinical phenotype and prediction of clinical trajectory based on individual patients’ autoantigen and/or autoantibody profile, cellular therapies targeting the same autoantigen or related autoreactive cells may represent an unprecedented opportunity to implement personalized medicine in SSc.
PTTG, ESP1 expression in S, G_(2)/M phases in A549, SPC--A--1 cell lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), estradiol-stimulated protein 1 (ESP1) expressions in S, G 2/M phases in A549, SPC-A-1 cell lines. Methods The mammalian cells for cell cycle was synchronizated by thymidine, the total RNA in the S, G 2/M phases was collected, and the total RNA was observed by Real-time PCR. Results PTTG expression in A549 and SPC-A-1 cell lines was higher in S phase than that in G 2/M phase while no PTTG expression in MRC-5 cells in S, G 2/M phases. ESP1 expression in A549, SPC-A-1, MRC-5 cell lines was lower in S phase than that in G 2/M phase. Conclusion That no PTTG in S and G 2/M phases in the normal cell line and PTTG expression in the lung cancer cell line higher in S phase than that in G 2/M phase suggested that the aneuploidy may be caused by the overexpression of PTTG. ESP1 expression was lower in S phase than G 2/M phase in all of the three cell lines, suggesting that sister chromatids separation depend on the active ESP1.
PERSPECTIVES ON PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE GROWTH IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The training and improvement of the members’ performances from the academic community represent only a part of their continuous perfecting process made in accordance with the latest legislation. As a conventional formulation states, the faculty’s performance and success are given by all its results and behaviors and it is by these means that individual and group contributions are measured. High standard performances determine precise local, national or European programs meant either to increase professional development or stimulate the resources and professional opportunities provided by the academic environment .In order to have a well-rated performance, the entire staff of the university should be aware of their involvement and responsible for the achievement of the tasks, objectives and mission of the university.
A Review of the Carbapenems in Clinical Use and Clinical Trials

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Despite alarming data showing the ever increasing number of bacteria becoming resistant to different classes of antibiotics through various mechanisms, the carbapenems remain a unique class of antibiotics that possess the broadest spectrum against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic organisms. However, bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carry mechanisms that can inactivate the carbapenems. This article gives a review of the carbapenems that are currently in clinical use as well as discusses the new carbapenems that are in clinical trials. These new carbapenems show promising potential to overcome the resistance against the presently existing carbapenems. The present article shows the recent patents using carbapenems as an effective antibiotic.
Reasoning with knowledge of things

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When we experience the world – see, hear, feel, taste, or smell things – we gain all sorts of knowledge about the things around us. And this knowledge figures heavily in our reasoning about the world – about what to think and do in response to it. But what is the nature of this knowledge? On one commonly held view, all knowledge is constituted by beliefs in propositions. But in this paper I argue against this view. I argue that some knowledge is constituted, not by beliefs in propositions, but by awareness of properties and objects. To make my case, I focus on the role of visual perception in reasoning. I start by introducing a principle about the relationship between knowledge and reasoning, which says that to learn something new by reasoning, one must know the bases of one's reasoning. Then I argue that in some cases of genuine, knowledge-conferring reasoning, the bases of our reasoning are not propositions that we believe; rather, they're properties or objects that we see. Thus, I conclude that some such knowledge is non-propositional and is rather what some call "knowledge of things".
Metabolite Profiling of Different Sweet sorghum cultivars Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and is widely grown in arid or semi-arid areas. Results This study focused on the metabolic Diversity of three Sweet sorghum cultivars with white, red, and purple seeds to elucidate the factors responsible for the differences in Seed color. We found 651 metabolites were divided into 24 categories including Lipids_Fatty acids, Lipids_Glycerolipids, Flavonoid, Benzoic acid derivatives, Anthocyanins, Nucleotide and its derivates, etc. Through clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), different samples were clearly separated. It shows that contained metabolites of three groups are quite different. There are 217 significantly different metabolites between Z27 and HC4 (106 down-regulated, 111up-regulated), 240 between Z6 and HC4 (58 down-regulated, 182 up-regulated), 199 between Z6 and Z27 (54 down-regulated, 135 up-regulated). Venn diagram analysis indicated that 45 the differential metabolites were common to all three comparison groups. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the differences of metabolites between different color seeds and provides theoretical basis for the sufficient utilization of Sweet sorghum cultivars.