jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of soil compaction properties based on surface wave techniques

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Soil compaction plays an important role in every construction activities to reduce risks of any damage. Traditionally, methods of assessing compaction include field tests and invasive penetration tests for compacted areas have great limitations, which caused time-consuming in evaluating large areas. Thus, this study proposed the possibility of using non-invasive surface wave method like Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) as a useful tool for assessing soil compaction. The aim of this study was to determine the shear wave velocity profiles and field density of compacted soils under varying compaction efforts by using MASW method. Pre and post compaction of MASW survey were conducted at Pauh Campus, UniMAP after applying rolling compaction with variation of passes (2, 6 and 10). Each seismic data was recorded by GEODE seismograph. Sand replacement test was conducted for each survey line to obtain the field density data. All seismic data were processed using SeisImager/SW software. The results show the shear wave velocity profiles increase with the number of passes from 0 to 6 passes, but decrease after 10 passes. This method could attract the interest of geotechnical community, as it can be an alternative tool to the standard test for assessing of soil compaction in the field operation.
Economy of Fuel Gas in a Combustion Furnace by Means of Si‐C‐Zr‐O Tyranno‐Fiber Mat Sheets Converting High Temperature Gas Enthalpy into Radiant Heat Rays

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Structure and Properties of Si-C-Zr-O Tyranno Fiber Mat Sheet Recovery of High Temperature Exhaust Gas Enthalpy by Si-C-Zr-O Tyranno Fiber Mat Sheet Economy of Fuel Gas in a Combustion Furnace by Si-C-Zr-O Tyranno Fiber Mat Sheets Concluding Remarks
Adaptive Sliding-Mode-Based Speed Control in Finite Control Set Model Predictive Torque Control for Induction Motors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conventional model predictive torque control (MPTC) for induction motor drives evaluates the electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkage in the cost function. However, in the speed outer loop design, the torque reference in the cost function generally utilizes a classic proportional-integral (PI) controller, which is not only dependent on motor parameters but also sensitive to the change of the load torque. In this article, an adaptive sliding-mode-control-based MPTC (ASMC-MPTC) method is proposed to improve the robustness of the finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC). First, the influence of the mismatched parameters for FCS-MPTC is introduced and the shortcoming of the PI-based MPTC (PI-MPTC) is analyzed. Then, a sliding-mode-control-based MPTC (SMC-MPTC) is studied, in which the exponential reaching law is introduced to control the trajectories of the state variables. To further improve the control performance of SMC-MPTC, the exponential reaching law is optimized to adjust the switching gain adaptively, thus the ASMC-MPTC is proposed. The PI-MPTC, SMC-MPTC, and ASMC-MPTC are compared theoretically and experimentally, and the results show that the proposed ASMC-MPTC has the best disturbance rejection ability and robustness against motor parameters variation and load torque change.
Editorial: Vaccination against swine influenza.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

asthma than other forms of exercise, possibly because there is less shaking of the chest.Fitch and his colleagues in Australia have recently reported5 the effects of training on 46 asthmatic children who swam 3608 km in five months.Their training programme started with three sessions a week and was gradually increased to five one-hour sessions.This programme had no adverse effects and was enthusiastically accepted by both the children and their parents; and it led to a decrease in protective attitudes and a sense of liberation from previous restrictions.Non-specific indicators of physical fitness im- proved, but even more important was a fall in the need for drugs and a reduction in asthmatic symptom scores.Swimming may be recommended as part of the treatment for children with asthma.These two studies reflect the modern intensive approach to the investigation and treatment of childhood asthma.Such children can no longer be regarded as "delicate" or "nervous": they suffer from an organic disease requiring full investigation by a paediatrician; they also need encouragement and help to develop their strong desire to participate and compete in activities at which they can excel.
Map Projection Induced Variations in Locations of Polygon Geofence Edges

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This Paper under-estimates answers to the following question under various constraints: If a geofencing algorithm uses a map projection to determine whether a position is inside/outside a polygon region, how far outside/inside the polygon can the point be and the algorithm determine that it is inside/outside (the opposite and therefore incorrect answer)? Geofencing systems for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) often model stay-in and stay-out regions using 2D polygons with minimum and maximum altitudes. The vertices of the polygons are typically input as latitude-longitude pairs, and the edges as paths between adjacent vertices. There are numerous ways to generate these paths, resulting in numerous potential locations for the edges of stay-in and stay-out regions. These paths may be geodesics on a spherical model of the earth or geodesics on the WGS84 reference ellipsoid. In geofencing applications that use map projections, these paths are inverse images of straight lines in the projected plane. This projected plane may be a projection of a spherical earth model onto a tangent plane, called an orthographic projection. Alternatively, it may be a projection where the straight lines in the projected plane correspond to straight lines in the latitudelongitude coordinate system, also called a Plate Carree projection. This paper estimates distances between different edge paths and an oracle path, which is a geodesic on either the spherical earth or the WGS84 ellipsoidal earth. This paper therefore estimates how far apart different edge paths can be rather than comparing their path lengths, which are not considered. Rather, the comparision is between the actual locations of the edges between vertices. For edges drawn using orthographic projections, this maximum distance increases as the distance from the polygon vertices to the projection point increases. For edges drawn using Plate Carree projections, this maximum distance increases as the vertices become further from the equator. Distances between geodesics on a spherical earth and a WGS84 ellipsoidal earth are also analyzed, using the WGS84 ellipsoid as the oracle. Bounds on the 2D distance between a straight line and a great circle path, in an orthographically projected plane rather than on the surface of the earth, have been formally verified in the PVS theorem prover, meaning that they are mathematically correct in the absence of floating point errors.
Educational theory the day after postmodernism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question concerning the end of postmodernism does not coincide with the question of its succession. The first question is about time and death, urging us to think a certain way of thinking as an entity capable of death (as death?—a Heideggerian might ask). Thus, the first question remains within the anthropocentric realms of interpretation that postmodernism attempted to overcome. The second question is also about time; that is, time thought in terms of space—the future transfigured as walking on a path. Nevertheless, before proceeding onto any path, let us think now, at this point in time, in this specific space, of a third question; namely: 'What is Enlightenment?' Isn't this still the question we need to answer? Posed centuries ago, inviting thinkers to consider the state of their own time—this question raised anew the possibility of time. Educational Philosophy and Theory's question does now something similar by acknowledging a certain kind of shift. Still, from where and to where? Too many metaphors, too little space—too little time!
A Study on the Decision Making Model for Social Enterprise Investment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

사회적기업의 육성을 위해서는 정부의 직접적인 인건비 지원 방식보다 기업 스스로 자금 시장에서 자금을 조달할 수 있는 시스템을 구축해야 한다는 주장이 지지를 받고 있다. 이러한 시스템이 활성화되기 위해서는 투자가들이 사회적 기업을 평가하고 투자 결정에 활용할 수 있는 의사결정 모델이 있어야할 것이다. 본 연구는 사회적기업에 대한 투자를 결정할 때 의사결정자들이 고려하는 요인으로 사회적 목적에의 부합성, 성장성, 수익성, 안전성, 조직적합성으로 도출한 후 사회적기업 투자 담당자들 13명을 대상으로 각 요인에 부과하는 가중치를 알아보았다. 조사결과 담당자들은 재무적 안정성(25.8%)과 사회적 목적에의 부합성(25.7%)을 거의 동등한 수준에서 가장 중요하게 고려하고 있었다. 그 다음으로는 수익성(17.5%)과 성장성(13.9%)을 중요시 하였으며 조직 적합성은 마지막 순위이었다. 본 연구는 시작 단계인 사회적기업 투자에 대한 요인을 실증적으로 처음 밝혀낸 탐색적 연구로 실무적으로도 투자자, 사회적기업가, 정책입안자들에게 여러 가지 시사점을 제공해 준다. The present study attempts to build a decision making model for social enterprise investment. The proposed model includes four factors; social compatibility, growth, profitability, stability, and organizational suitability. Thirteen social enterprise investors were requested to rate the importance of each of the four factors when they make investment decisions. Financial stability (25.8%) and social compatibility(25.7%) turned out to be most important followed by profitability(17.5%) and growth(17.1%). Organizational suitability(13.9%) was least important. This study uncovered the first empirical factors for social enterprise investment decision making in the early stage of exploratory research. In practice, also provided several implications to social entrepreneurs, investors and policy makers.
Efficacy and safety of an orally administered DGAT2 inhibitor alone or coadministered with a liver-targeted ACC inhibitor in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): rationale and design of the phase II, dose-ranging, dose-finding, randomised, placebo-controlled MIRNA (Metabolic Interventions to Resolve NASH with fibrosis) study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Small molecule inhibitors of the terminal step in intrahepatic triglyceride synthesis (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor (DGAT2i, PF-06865571, ervogastat)) and upstream blockade of de novo lipogenesis via acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor (ACCi, PF-05221304, clesacostat) showed promise in reducing hepatic steatosis in early clinical trials. This study assesses efficacy and safety of these metabolic interventions to resolve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis. Methods and analysis This phase II, randomised, dose-ranging, dose-finding study evaluates DGAT2i 25–300 mg two times per day (BID) or 150–300 mg once a day, DGAT2i 150–300 mg BID+ACCi 5–10 mg BID coadministration or matching placebo in a planned 450 adults with biopsy-confirmed NASH and liver fibrosis stages 2–3 from approximately 220 sites in 11 countries across North America, Europe and Asia. A triage approach including double-confirmation via non-invasive markers is included prior to screening/baseline liver biopsy. On confirmation of histological diagnosis, participants enter a ≥6-week run-in period, then a 48-week double-blind, double-dummy dosing period. The primary endpoint is the proportion of participants achieving histological NASH resolution without worsening fibrosis, ≥1 stage improvement in fibrosis without worsening NASH, or both, assessed by central pathologists. Other endpoints include assessment of hepatic steatosis (imaging substudy), overall safety and tolerability, and evaluation of blood-based biomarkers and quantitative ultrasound parameters over time. Ethics and dissemination Metabolic Interventions to Resolve NASH with fibrosis (MIRNA) is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) International Ethical Guidelines, International Council on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines, applicable laws and regulations, including privacy laws. Local independent review board/ethics committees (IRB/ECs) review/approve the protocol, any amendments, informed consent and other forms. Participants provide written informed consent. Details of all IRB/ECs, as well as results, will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and publicly disclosed through ClinicalTrials.gov, EudraCT, and/or www.pfizer.com and other public registries as per applicable local laws/regulations. Trial registration number NCT04321031 .
Nitrogen Metabolism of Gravid and Nongravid Female Swine Fed Every Third Day

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crossbred gilts were adapted for 40 d to a 12% crude protein corn-soybean meal gestation diet fed either as a single 1.9-kg meal every day (ED) or as an accumulated 5.7 kg meal every third day (E3D). In the first experiment the effect of meal frequency on N balance was evaluated using eight gravid gilts in a 12-d balance trial. Average N retention was greater (P less than .08) for gilts fed ED (15.32 g/d) than for those fed E3D (12.64 g/d). Daily urinary N excretion showed a quadratic effect (P less than .01) with the greatest N output occurring during the second 24-h period after the meal for gilts fed E3D. The effect of physiological state on the N metabolism response to E3D feeding was measured in a second experiment using four nongravid and four gravid gilts in a 12-d N balance experiment. Average daily N retention was greater (P less than .04) for gravid gilts fed E3D (15.04 g) than for nongravid gilts fed E3D (11.82 g). Digestibility of N and energy was not affected (P greater than .10) by feeding regimen.
E-Finance: What Factors Affect Financial Staff's Motivation to Utilize It?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the intention of financial staff in the SKPDs of Malang City government to adopt e-finance. This study combines elements from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) found in previous research. The survey method was utilized, with a sample of 155 respondents consisting of auditors employed in the financial department of Malang City's government. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The study's results indicate that constructs like perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a positive impact on behavioral intention. Additionally, behavioral intention positively correlates with the actual behavior of financial staff using e-finance. The study underscores the significance for e-finance providers and management to consider perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and the actual behavior of users.
Dissipation behavior, residue distribution and risk assessment of three fungicides in pears

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Fungicides are often applied to pears before they are kept in storage facilities. The scientific application of pesticides can reduce unnecessary exposure, which in turn could benefit both humans and the environment. RESULTS We investigated dissipation behavior and residue distribution, and conducted risk assessments for prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole in pears stored under different conditions using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The recoveries of the three fungicides ranged from 76.5% to 114.5%, and the coefficients of variation were 1.0%–8.5%. The half‐life ( t 1/2 ) ranges for degradation of the three fungicides in Dangshan Su pear peel were 8.8–13.9 days after storage at 25 °C and 99.0–346.6 days after storage at 2 °C. Among the three fungicides, tebuconazole had the lowest residue concentration in pear pulp (maximum of 0.226 mg · kg −1 ) and the longest half‐life (≥ 231.0 days). Accordingly, among these fungicides, tebuconazole is the most suitable for the preservation of Dangshan Su pears during storage. Finally, we analyzed samples of six pear varieties from markets in China and found that the residue concentrations of the three fungicides in pear pulp and fruit met Chinese standards. CONCLUSION The results provide a scientific basis for rationalizing the use of prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole, and improving the safety of pears for eating. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
ADP induced blood platelet activation: a review.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Blood platelet aggregation by ADP plays a major role in the development and extension of arterial thrombosis. ADP is an original physiological agent in that, taking part as a substrate, product or allosteric effector in a large number of intracellular metabolic pathways, it also behaves as an agonist of blood platelet aggregation as do other agents including thrombin, platelet activating factor and collagen, but with probably different, yet unknown signal transduction pathways and also with unknown receptors. We discuss, in this review, how ADP induces the characteristic functional responses of platelets, namely shape change, induction and exposure of the fibrinogen binding sites on the GP IIb-IIIa complex, fibrinogen binding to its receptor and platelet aggregation, and the intracellular biochemical events underlying these functions. The present concepts of ADP receptor(s) are presented with their discrepancies. Platelet diseases related to ADP and pharmacological inhibition of ADP induced platelet aggregation are also discussed. Finally, the idea is put forward that the ADP receptor might belong to the family of G protein coupled receptors.
Chronic illness and sexual functioning.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic illness and its treatments can have a negative impact on sexual functioning. The mechanism of interference may be neurologic, vascular, endocrinologic, musculoskeletal, or psychologic. Patients may mistakenly perceive a medical prohibition to the resumption of sexual activity, or they may need advice on changes in sexual activity to allow satisfactory sexual functioning. Family physicians must be proactive in diagnosing and managing the alterations in sexual functioning that can occur with chronic illness. Patient education and reassurance are essential. Before sexual activity is resumed, patients with cardiovascular disease should be stratified according to risk. Patients with musculoskeletal disease should be educated about positional changes that may improve comfort during sexual activity. Psychosocial concerns should be addressed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In patients with cancer, it is important to discuss sexual problems that may arise because of negative body image and the effects of chemotherapy. Patients who have disabilities can benefit from the use of muscle relaxants, technical adaptations, and expansion of their sexual repertoire.
Minimization of MEDA Biochip-Size in Droplet Routing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing demand for fast, accurate, and reliable biological sensor systems, miniaturized systems have been aimed at droplet-based sensor systems and have been promising. A micro-electrode dot array (MEDA) biochip, which is one kind of the miniaturized systems for biochemical protocols such as dispensing, dilutions, mixing, and so on, has become widespread due to enabling dynamical control of the droplets in microfluidic manipulations. In MEDA biochips, the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technique stands out since it can actuate droplets with nano/picoliter volumes. Microelectrode cells on MEDA actuate multiple droplets simultaneously to route locations for the purpose of the biochemical operations. Taking advantage of the feature, droplets are often routed in parallel to achieve high-throughput outcomes. Regarding parallel manipulation of multiple droplets, however, the droplets are known to be initially placed at a distant position to avoid undesirable mixing. The droplets thus result in traveling a long way for a manipulation, and the required biochip size for routing is also enlarged. This paper proposes a routing method for droplets to reduce the biochip size on a MEDA biochip with the allowance of splitting during routing operations. We mathematically derive the routing problem, and the experiments demonstrate that our proposal can significantly reduce the biochip size by 70.8% on average, compared to the state-of-the-art method.
The Dates of the Vases called ‘Cyrenaic’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The literature dealing with the so-called ‘Cyrenaic’ vases is comparatively so huge that some excuse is needed for a fresh approach to the subject. That excuse is to be found in the new light shed on these vases through the recent excavations at Sparta by the British School at Athens, of which one result has been the discovery that Laconia was the home of the school which produced them. At Sparta this distinctive Laconian style is presented in good chronological sequence, and its course can be traced from its rise in the early seventh century, through its development and decline in the sixth and fifth centuries, to its end in the latter part of the fourth. It is true that the finds of pottery at the shrine of Artemis Orthia at Sparta consist of fragments of dedicated vases, the refuse, in fact, thrown out from time to time from the temple, so that what is presented by the stratification of the site is the chronological sequence not of the manufacture of the vases but of their destruction. Yet the development of the style as a whole, even when judged by the stratification, is so regular that it may be assumed that in most cases the order of destruction corresponded with that of manufacture. In any case the destruction of the older temple at the close of the seventh century gives at least one point where such correspondence is certain. Vases thrown out from the new temple must have been dedicated after the destruction of the older building. To divide the style with much certainty into six chronological periods called, and approximately dated
A Band Without Walls at the End of the World: The Green Mist, Next Stop Antarctica and the Tasmanian geographic imaginary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Green Mist is a floating international blues entity which evolved in the deep south of Tasmania. Featuring former members of the Violent Femmes and Beasts of Bourbon, the Mist’s first album Next Stop Antarctica represents a vivid evocation of the peculiar strangeness of the island’s atmosphere, history and environment. Musician Julien Poulson’s father Bruce was a historian who lived in a derelict organic garlic farm in the small town of Southport; an area that is often bitterly cold, perpetually gloomy, bleak yet strangely beautiful. Bruce was one of the people who discovered the remains of a garden built in 1792 by French explorers in Recherche Bay, and this discovery was later used to help protect the site from logging. While his dad was dying of cancer, Julien helped him put together his final book about Recherche Bay’s history and later many of these old stories formed the basis of album tracks. Using The Green Mist as a case study, this paper will explore the links between physical place of production and creation; the use of both individual memory and historical narratives in song writing; and the extent to which these factors form part of a conscious or deliberate strategy.