jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Method of hill tunneling via weighted simplex centroid for continuous piecewise linear programming

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper works on a heuristic algorithm with determinacy for the global optimization of Continuous PieceWise Linear (CPWL) programming. The widely applied CPWL programming can be equivalently transformed into D.C. programming and concave optimization over a polyhedron. Considering that the super-level sets of concave piecewise linear functions are polyhedra, we propose the Hill Tunneling via Weighted Simplex Centroid (HTWSC) algorithm, which can escape a local optimum to reach the other side of its contour surface by cutting across the super-level set. The searching path for hill tunneling is established via the weighted centroid of a constructed simplex. In the numerical experiments, different weighting methods are studied first, and the best is chosen for the proposed HTWSC algorithm. Then, the HTWSC algorithm is compared with the hill detouring method and the software CPLEX for the equivalent mixed integer programming, with results indicating its superior performance in terms of numerical efficiency and the global search capability.
Feeding problems and self-compassion (Mahurin-Smith & Beck, 2021)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Infant feeding problems are strongly associated with caregiver stress, which in turn is linked to poorer outcomes for children. Self-compassion is a modifiable trait strongly associated with improved mental health and greater resilience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-compassion, stress management practices, and caregiver stress in a sample of parents who identified feeding problems in their infants.Method: Parents who identified feeding problems in their infants completed an online survey. They described the feeding problems, completed the Self-Compassion Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale, and detailed their stress management practices.Results: Higher self-compassion was strongly associated with lower overall stress and more modestly associated with lower feeding-related distress. More severe feeding problems were significantly more stressful for caregivers. Participants reported a wide variety of stress management approaches.Discussion: These findings indicate that higher self-compassion is associated with lower caregiver stress for parents whose infants experience feeding problems. Implications for service providers are reviewed.
Supplemental Material S1. Survey items.
Mahurin-Smith, J., & Beck, A. (2021). Caregivers’ experiences of infant feeding problems: The role of self-compassion and stress management. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00298
The Practicability Analysis of Mortgage of Land Contract Management Right

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The mortgage of land contract management right is an essential part of the reform of rural property rights circulation,while the actual demanding for develop it and practicability exist.However,present Chinese law such as the Real Right Law,Guaranty Law and the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas limited the mortgage of land contract management rights to comparative strict extent.Furthermore,there were many aspects of potential risks including the possibility of the loss of farmer's land rights,the land purpose changing,the realization of mortgage rights and the financial ventures,which resulted in the difficulty for the wide-range popularization of mortgage of land contract management right.Since all of these potential risks could be controlled through the perfection of related legal system,it was suggested to accelerate land contract management rights' legitimate circulation while protecting the interests of farmers through amending present legal regulations,setting up service centre for land contract management right circulation,introducing into the professional agency service and promulgating financial supporting policies.
Control of Pod Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera by the Use of Chemicals on Gram

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is an important pod borer pest of gram Experiments were conducted in the field for two years for testing eight insecticides, i.e. trichlorphon, carbophenothion, endosulfan. tetrachlorvinphos, dichrotophos, DDT, ambithion and monocrotophos for the control of the pest. DDT and endosulfan were the most effective treatments in reducing infestation of the pods and in giving higher yields of grain. One application of DDT (1250 g a. i/ha) or endosulfan (250 g a. i./ha) at the time of apperance of the pest reduced the infestation of pods to 1.1–13.9 per cent from 26.6–45.0 per cent in the control. The treatments also increased the grain yield by 37.8–54.1 percent over the control.
Dual-pump Double-pass Double-clad Cr4+:YAG Crystal Fiber Broadband ASE Light Source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dual-pump scheme and a high-reflection coating deposited on one crystal fiber endface were used to increase the ASE of the Cr4+:YAG double-clad crystal fiber. As much as 1.72 mW of collimated ASE power was obtained.
Analysis of 24 cases of minor lesions in brain by stereotaxic open surgery using MRI-directed stereotactic technich

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Through the treatment to the intracranial lesions by MRI-guiding stereotaxic open surgery, discuss the experience and operation result in clinics. Method Applying Leksell-G type stereotaxic apparatus to localize the intracranial lesions in 3-D, stereotactically craniatomy to remove the lesions of 24 cases under microscope. Results No operative morality among the 24 cases, the symptoms of epilepsy in 13 cases totally disappear among the 10 cases, attack frequency diminish dramatically in 3 cases after operation. Conclusion MRI-guiding stereotactic technich characters include little injury to cerebral tissue, highly operative safety, little post-operative complication, quick recovery, which determine this technich is the optimal method in treating the intracranial minor lesions.
Construction and decoding of a class of algebraic geometry codes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A class of codes derived from algebraic plane curves is constructed. The concepts and results from algebraic geometry that were used are explained in detail; no further knowledge of algebraic geometry is needed. Parameters, generator and parity-check matrices are given. The main result is a decoding algorithm which turns out to be a generalization of the Peterson algorithm for decoding BCH decoder codes.< >
Role of the wall reactor material on the species density distributions in an N2–O2post-discharge for plasma sterilization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The species density distributions in a large post-discharge reactor placed downstream from a flowing microwave discharge in N2–O2 are calculated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The effects of surface losses of N(4S) and O(3P) atoms on the density distributions of different species in the reactor are investigated for three different wall materials: (i) Pyrex, (ii) aluminium and (iii) stainless steel. The effects produced by considering different surface loss probabilities corresponding to each one of these materials, as well as by assuming the production of NO from the wall, are evaluated and discussed. The simulation is conducted for the case of a 65 × 25 × 25 cm3 post-discharge reactor fed from a 2450 MHz discharge, at 2 Torr and 2 × 103 sccm flow rate, in an N2–xO2 mixture composition, with x = 0.5–7%.
Tonsillar Disease and Capillary Vessels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The three-dimensional structure of capillary vessels in the human palatine tonsil using corrosion casting technique was investigated. The postcapillary venules and arterioles were distinguishable from the nuclear impressions on their walls. The configuration of vessels around cryptal micropores is similar to images obtained by a recently developed cryptscope.The palatine tonsil has no efferent lymphatic duct. Lymphocytes enter the tonsil via capillary vessels. The capillary vessel is considered to be closely associated with tonsillar immunity.
Far-infrared absorption by electron-hole drops in Germanium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report here on new measurements of the far‐infrared resonance absorption of electron‐hole drops in the region 1.5 to 50 meV, at 1.2°K. The absorption consists of a broad assymmetric line peaking at 9.3 meV, with a threshold at (2.9±0.1) meV and a cut‐off at (43±2) meV. The observed lineshape is in excellent agreement with the results of recent theoretical calculations by Rose et. al.,1 that include the effect of interband transitions between the heavy and light holes bands. For very small excitation levels an additional broadening due to scattering with the surface has been observed.
Control Method for Ultra-Low Frequency Oscillation and Frequency Control Performance in Hydro–Wind Power Sending System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In a hydropower-dominated power grid, the primary frequency regulation (PFR) capability of hydropower units is typically compromised to suppress ultra-low frequency oscillations (ULFOs). However, as renewable wind power is further integrated, a practicable solution to damp ULFOs has emerged, which is to adjust the frequency control parameters of wind turbine (WT) units. Driven by the goals of overall damping enhancement and ULFO suppression, this paper first establishes an extended unified frequency model (EUFM) of a hydro–wind power sending system. Based on EUFM, the damping torque of the hydro–wind power sending system is derived, and the specific impact of WT control parameters on ULFOs and PFR characteristics is investigated. Then, a novel optimization objective function considering damping in the ultra-low frequency band and PFR is formulated and solved using an intelligence algorithm. By optimizing the parameters of the WT to suppress ULFOs, the PFR capability of hydropower units can be released. Finally, simulation results verify that the optimized WT parameters can simultaneously address the ULFO problem and guarantee PFR performance, thereby enhancing the frequency dynamic stability of the sending system.
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Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online learning is a learning via internet without meeting face-to-face between teachers and students. This online learning system is relatively new, therefore teachers and students should adapt quickly. This study aims to determine the online Arabic learning system during the COVID-19 pandemic at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) 1 Surakarta. Researcher used a qualitative approach and observation, interview, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results described that e-learning madrasah was used as the main media for online Arabic learning at MTsN 1 Surakarta during the covid-19 pandemic, then assisted by Whatsapp and Youtube channel. The subject matter was presented in video, powerpoint, and pdf. The learning stages were divided into three: preparation, implementation (pre-activities, whilst-activities and post-activities), and evaluation stage. This online learning helps teachers to coordinate with and supervise students easily, on the other hand, it is difficult for them to monitor the studentsÔÇÖ understanding and bad internet network make some students could not follow the learning process in time.┬á
SEM Evaluation of Tubular Occluding Properties of Selected Desensitizing Toothpastes

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of the present in vitro study using a dentine disc model (Mordan et al., 1997, Gillam et al., 1997) was to investigate the ability of both prototype and commercial desensitizing toothpastes to cover the dentine surface and occlude the dentinal tubules. Methods: Mid-coronal dentine discs with a thickness of 1 mm were sectioned from caries-free human molars. The dentine discs were polished and etched with 6% citric acid for 2 minutes. Each disc was halved, one for treatment with the selected toothpastes and one as a control. Both halves were quartered as paired samples. Each disk was brushed for 2 minute using a Braun Oral B Triumph Professional Care toothbrush with a number of selected toothpastes: UltraDEX Recalcifying & Whitening toothpaste (UltraDEX), a QMUL bioactive glass prototype (QMUL), Sensodyne® Repair & Protect [SRP], Sensodyne® Rapid Relief [SRR], Colgate Sensitive ProRelief® [CSP], Pepsodent Ultra Complete Sensitive (Pepsodent) and Biorepair® Plus toothpastes. The ability of both prototype and commercial toothpastes to occlude the dentine tubules before and after brushing was compared using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on both the etched and fractured dentine surface. Results: Dentine tubule occlusion with a reduction in the number and the size of open dentine tubules was evident for all the treated dentine discs. The particles that covered the dentine surface and/or occluded the open dentine tubules had different morphologies and distribution. The observations from the SEM images demonstrated that the UltraDEX, QMUL and SRR toothpastes provided a greater degree of surface coverage and tubular occlusion than the CSP, Pepsodent, SRP and Biorepair® Plus toothpastes that provided limited coverage with a number of open tubules still visible. Conclusion: The results of the present in vitro study would suggest that both prototype and commercial desensitizing toothpastes may be effective tubular occluding toothpastes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Isolated from a Postoperative Endophthalmitis Patient

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

B.E.P. and V.N. contributed equally to this work. We present the draft genome assembly of an Elizabethkingia meningoseptica strain isolated from a 67-year-old postoperative endophthalmitis patient who suffered loss of vision in the right eye. The draft genome assembly has 167 contigs with a total size of 4,019,665 bp encoding multiple drug-resistant genes.
Fractionation Of Heparin By Human PF-4 Affinity Resin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Platelet factor 4 (PF-4) is a high affinity heparin binding protein, specifically released from the alpha granule upon platelet activation. We have coupled purified human PF-4 to Sepharose and utilized salt gradients to fractionate commercial porcine sodium heparin. Under these conditions, all of the applied heparin bound to the PF-4, uni ike heparin fractionation by antithrombin but similar to heparin fractionation by thrombin or protamine. Three heparin fractions can be distinguished, eluting at approximately 0.5, 0.7 and 0.85 M NaCl. When each fraction was evaluated for its specific activity, no differences were apparent between the starting product and these fractions for USP units. However, the three fractions were each capable of prolonging the activated PTT clotting time of citrated pooled monkey plasma. The final fraction, 0.85 M, gave a four-fold longer APTT time than non-heparinized control plasma. There was no resolution of the antithrombotic and anticoagulant heparin activities. Each of these fractions is capable of competing effectively with PF-4 and its purified proteoglycan (PG) carrier to cause dissociation of the natural PG-PF-4 complex. These systems indicate that PF-4 whether released singularly or in complex form, will readily bind to natural heparinlike compounds with a high affinity and will function as a competitive inhibitor of the anti thrombin of plasma. Prior resolution of heparin, by chromatography on thrombin or protamine resins does not result in the purification of a more highly active fraction than was obtained by PF-4 chromatography alone. Experiments are underway to determine whether such procedures yields heparin with significantly longer animal survival times.
Pilot test of Pickliq{reg_sign} process to determine energy and environmental benefits & economic feasibility

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Green Technology Group (GTG) was awarded Grant No. DE-FG01-96EE 15657 in the amount of $99,904 for a project to advance GTG`s Pickliq{reg_sign} Process in the Copper and Steel Industries. The use of the Pickliq{reg_sign} Process can significantly reduce the production of waste acids containing metal salts. The Pickliq{reg_sign} Process can save energy and eliminate hazardous waste in a typical copper rod or wire mill or a typical steel wire mill. The objective of this pilot project was to determine the magnitude of the economic, energy and environmental benefits of the Pickliq{reg_sign} Process in two applications within the metal processing industry. The effectiveness of the process has already been demonstrated at facilities cleaning iron and steel with sulfuric acid. 9207 companies are reported to use sulfuric and hydrochloric acid in the USA. The USEPA TRI statistics of acid not recycled in the US is 2.4 x 10{sup 9} lbs (net) for Hydrochloric Acid and 2.0 x 10{sup 9} lbs (net) for Sulfuric Acid. The energy cost of not reclaiming acid is 10.7 x 10{sup 6} BTU/ton for Hydrochloric Acid and 21.6 x 10{sup 6} BTU/Ton for Sulfuric Acid. This means that there is a very large market for the application of the Pickliq{reg_sign} Process and the widespread use of the process will bring significant world wide savings of energy to the environment.
KEN: Knowledge Augmentation and Emotion Guidance Network for Multimodal Fake News Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the rampant spread of misinformation on social media has made accurate detection of multimodal fake news a critical research focus. However, previous research has not adequately understood the semantics of images, and models struggle to discern news authenticity with limited textual information. Meanwhile, treating all emotional types of news uniformly without tailored approaches further leads to performance degradation. Therefore, we propose a novel Knowledge Augmentation and Emotion Guidance Network (KEN). On the one hand, we effectively leverage LVLM's powerful semantic understanding and extensive world knowledge. For images, the generated captions provide a comprehensive understanding of image content and scenes, while for text, the retrieved evidence helps break the information silos caused by the closed and limited text and context. On the other hand, we consider inter-class differences between different emotional types of news through balanced learning, achieving fine-grained modeling of the relationship between emotional types and authenticity. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our KEN.
Bank Examiners' Evaluation of Credit: An Analysis of the Usefulness of Substandard Loan Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

One of the primary jobs of U.S. bank examiners is to evaluate the quality of credit extended by American banks. The examiners inspect all large loans (with respect to the bank's capital) and a sample of smaller loans, appraising about 50 to 60 percent of the bank's loan portfolio. Those loans whose quality is questioned are classified into three categories: loss, doubtful, and substandard. The first two categories, which together are much smaller than the third, represent loans that obviously are, or are very likely to become, uncollectible. The third category, substandard loans, has held the greatest interest for regulators and economists because the amount of these loans appears to be an up-to-date and on line indicator of credit quality. In particular, the National Bureau of Economic Research has had a long-standing interest in such bank examination data, as is indicated by studies by Moore [9, 10], Wojnilower [14], and Early [5]. The determination of substandard loans seems to be a major reason for the Federal Reserve System's maintenance of a staff of about 800
PERCUTANEOUS COMPRESSION PLATING (PCCP) FOR INTRATROCHANTERIC FRACTURES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study: Percutaneous compression plating (PCCP) is a new method for minimally invasive fixation of intratrochanteric fractures. Fixation is achieved with two neck screws and a 3-hole plate. This prospective study of a non-randomized series was designed to compare results in a monocentric cohort of patients treated by PCCP or dynamic hip screw (DHS). Material and methods: From September 2003 to December 2004, all patients presenting an A1 (75.8%) or A1 (24.2%) (AO classification) intratrochanteric fracture were treated with PCCP (n=37) or DHS (n=20). Female gender predominated (86.5%) in this elderly population, mean age 83.2 years. The following variables were studied: operative time, radiation time, blood loss, hemoglobin level, blood transfusion, bone healing, complications, quality of the reduction. Results: Mean follow-up was 8.3 months. The two groups were similar regarding bone healing, functional outcome and mortality. Intraoperative blood loss was less with PCCP (63 ml) than with DHS (120 ml). Mean fall in hemoglobin level was 2 after PCCP and 3 after DHS. The transfusion rate was 28% for PCCP and 40% for DHS. Mean operative time was 50 for PCCP and 30 minutes for DHS. Men radiation exposure was 4 minutes for PCCP and 1 minute for DHS. The positions of the screw (DHS) and the two PCCP screws were considered good for 68% of the PCCP and 75% of the DHS, acceptable for 29% PCCP and 20% DHS, and poor for 3% PCCP and 5% DHS. Complications were similar (one disassembly in each group). Discussion: Although this was a preliminary study, PCCP was found to provide an attractive alternative for the treatment of intratrochanteric fractures. Results are similar to those obtained with the DHS but with a less aggressive method (limited approach, less blood loss). A learning curve (at least 10 implantations) appears indispensable to achieve maximum skill. The main drawback is the duration of the radiation. This implant would not be acceptable for subtrochanteric fractures which would require another type of implant.
Critical points of Si1−yCy and Si1−x−yGexCy layers strained pseudomorphically on Si(001)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the influence of carbon on the optical transitions of Si1−yCy and Si1−x−yGexCy layers grown pseudomorphically on a Si(001) substrate also including full strain compensation. The layers were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and electroreflectance spectroscopy for carbon fractions y≤1.2 at. % and germanium fractions up to x=16 at. %. The spectra were analyzed by measuring and fitting electroreflectance spectra at 80 K and ellipsometry data at room temperature, resulting for both techniques in a weak and nearly linear dependence on the carbon fraction at all transitions. The results of both techniques are compared and discussed. The strong line broadening for increasing carbon fractions can be caused by a high scattering efficiency of the carbon. Our results indicate that the interpretation of optical spectra of carbon-containing alloys cannot be performed straightforwardly by simple interpolating between the appropriate band structures of silicon, germanium, and carbon. An analysis based on strain-induced contributions only also does not describe the experimental results correctly. For a complete description of the observed energy shifts detailed band structure calculations and further experimental data are necessary.
Seasonal paradox in acute meningitis at Nawabshah.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Common organisms detected were gram positive diplococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae) in 83 (59.7%), gram negative diplococci (Nisseria meningitides) in 51 (36.7%) and Haemophilus influenzae in 5 (3.6%). As the frequency of isolates were approximately same as in other seasons, the increased in meningitis cases during summer was probably due to hot and dry weather causing low absolute humidity.