jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploration of altered molecular pathways involved in pathophysiology of LMNA-cardiomyopathy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by enlargement of the left ventricular chamber, resulting in poor left ventricular function. Mutations in LMNA gene have been identified in patients presenting dilated cardiomyopathy (i.e. LMNA-cardiomyopathy), often leading to heart failure. Although early treatments may delay progression, more definitive therapies await better understanding of the molecular basis to develop treatments. The main aim of my thesis was to decipher molecular pathways implicated in the development of the disease. In the 1st part of my thesis I showed an increased oxidative stress levels in the hearts of LmnaH222P/H222P mice, associated with a decrease of glutathione. Oral administration of N-acetyl cysteine led to a marked improvement of glutathione content, a decrease in oxidative stress markers including protein carbonyls and an improvement of left ventricular structure and function in a model of LMNA-cardiomyopathy. The 2nd part of my thesis aims to investigate the abnormal elevated cardiac expression level of sarcolipin (SLN), an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) in the hearts of LmnaH222P/H222P mice. I studied its implication in the development of the LMNA-cardiomyopathy inducing an overexpression in cardiac cell lines as well as in wild type mice. Simultaneously, hypothesizing a pathological effect of SLN overexpression, I used RNA interference to inhibit its expression. These findings suggest that sarcolipin is a critical regulator of SERCA in LMNA-cardiomyopathy. Collectively, these results provide molecular insights into LMNA-cardiomyopathy and open novel therapeutic avenue for this debilitating cardiac disease.
Effect of dalargin on the content of goblet cells and mucins in the colonic mucosa in experimental ulcerative colitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim . To investigate the protective effect of dalargin on the content of goblet cells and mucins in the colonic mucosa in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Materials and methods. Ulcerative colitis was simulated in Balb/C mice by replacing drinking water with 5% sodium dextran sulfate in boiled water for 5 days. Dalargin was administered subcutaneously in a volume of 0.1 ml at a dose of 100 μg / kg of body weight once a day for 7 days from the beginning of ulcerative colitis simulation. Sulfasalazine as a reference-listed drug was administered intragastrically at a dose of 200 mg / kg once a day for 7 days. The mice were sacrificed on day 5, 7, and 28. The sections of the distal colon were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue (pH = 1.0) according to Mowry or by PAS reaction. In the sections, the number of goblet cells and acid and neutral mucins was determined. Results. In the mouse model of ulcerative colitis, the number of goblet cells (mainly at the bottom of the crypts), acid and neutral mucins decreased. Dalargin administration increased the number of goblet cells and the content of acid and neutral mucins in the colonic mucosa more effectively than sulfasalazine. Conclusion. Dalargin has a protective effect in ulcerative colitis.
Program Kemitraan Kemasan Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM Di Makale Tana Toraja

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Packaging Partnership Program is an initiative that aims to increase the competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through improving the quality of product packaging. Attractive and functional packaging is the key to attracting consumer interest and increasing market share. This program is carried out through a series of activities, including education, training, design assistance, introduction of environmentally friendly packaging materials, testing, evaluation, implementation and product promotion. Through this program, MSMEs can increase their competitiveness in the market, increase sales, increase environmental awareness, and gain new knowledge and skills in designing product packaging. Collaboration between government, non-profit institutions and the private sector is the key to success in supporting MSMEs and encouraging inclusive economic growth.
Image Magnification Based on the Human Visual Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In image processing, the interpolated magnification method brings about the problem of image loss such as the blocking and blurring phenomenon when the image is enlarged. In this paper, we proposed the magnification method considering the properties of human visual processing to solve such problems. As a result, our method is faster than any other algorithm that is capable of removing the blocking and blurring phenomenon when the image is enlarged. The cubic convolution interpolation in image processing can obtain a high-resolution image when the image is enlarged. But the processing is too slow as it uses the average of 16 neighbor pixels. The proposed algorithm is better than the cubic convolution interpolation in the processing time and performance. In the future, to reduce the error ratio, we will enhance the normalization filter which has reduced the blurring phenomenon because the Gaussian filter is a low pass one.
The glue that holds the community together? Sport and sustainability in rural Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the author's research in northwest Victoria, Australia, this essay examines the forms of capital that are created in and through rural sport as well as the processes of social inclusion and exclusion that structure access to social networks and to the resources these networks contain. In the face of economic and social changes that affect the region, rural sport participants view local sport clubs as vital community hubs fostering social cohesion, local and regional identities and a shared focus and outlet. Sporting competitions in northwest Victoria also contribute to cultural and economic capital for some participants, and to relatively limited stocks of linking social capital. While the creation and transference of these capitals are to a large degree regulated by wider social divisions, structural changes in the area present increased opportunities for other people, including young women, to take on leadership roles and to develop new skills and knowledge through sport participation.
Detection of anti-drug antibodies to aflibercept by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Development and validation of the method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION. Aflibercept is used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss. Immunogenicity is one of the significant adverse effects that results in the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). The development of a method for detecting ADAs to aflibercept is essential for immunogenicity assessment. AIM. This study aimed to develop and validate an analytical method for detection and stepwise characterisation of total anti-drug antibodies to aflibercept in human serum utilising the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The method was developed using a solid-phase ELISA. Aflibercept (GNR-098, JSC GENERIUM, Russia) and a conjugate of GNR-098 with horseradish peroxidase were employed. Polyclonal antibodies against GNR-098 were obtained by immunising rats, followed by serum collection and antibody purification via affinity chromatography. ADA detection was performed using labelled GNR-098 in a bridging ELISA. Model samples were prepared by spiking pooled sera from healthy donors with rat polyclonal antibodies. Method validation included the following parameters: cut-off points; precision; limit of detection (LOD); drug tolerance; specificity; matrix effect; minimum required dilution; robustness; reagent stability; hook effect. RESULTS. An analytical method includes a screening assay for the presumptive detection of ADAs; a confirmatory assay to establish ADA specificity and assay for ADA titer determination and IgE isotyping. The cut-off points for the screening assay and IgE-specific assay were 1.3 and 1.2, respectively; for the confirmatory assay, 15.2%. The LOD of the screening assay was 185 ng/mL. The method demonstrated drug tolerance (interference from soluble target, hrVEGF 165 ) at concentrations up to 2,000 pg/mL. No matrix effects were observed in the screening or confirmatory assays across 13 test samples containing ADAs at 280 ng/mL. The absence of a hook effect was confirmed in both assays using samples with ADA concentrations five times higher than the high-positive control. CONCLUSIONS. An analytical method was developed for the ELISA-based detection and stepwise characterisation of total anti-drug antibodies to aflibercept (GNR-098) in human serum. The method’s suitability was confirmed through validation. This analytical procedure will facilitate the immunogenicity assessment of aflibercept.
Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

GM foods have the potential to provide significant benefits for developing countries. Over 800 million people are chronically undernourished, and 180 million children are severely underweight for their age. By 2020, there will be an extra two billion mouths to feed. Ecological approaches that underpin sustainable agriculture (e.g., integrated pest management) and participatory approaches that strengthen farmers' own experimentation and decision making are key. Biotechnology will be an essential partner, if yield ceilings are to be raised, if crops are to be grown without excessive reliance on pesticides, and if farmers on less favored lands are to be provided with crops that are resistant to drought and salinity, and that can use nitrogen and other nutrients more efficiently. Over the past 10 years, in addition supporting ecological approaches, the Rockefeller Foundation has funded the training of some 400 developing-country scientists in the techniques of biotechnology. Most of the new crop varieties are the result of tissue culture and marker-aided selection. The Foundation also supports the production of genetically engineered rices, including a new rice engineered for beta carotene (the precursor of Vitamin A) in the grain. Some specific steps can be taken by Monsanto that would improve acceptance of plant biotechnology in both the developing and the industrialized worlds: label; disavow gene protection (terminator) systems; phase out the use of antibiotic resistance markers; agree (with big seed companies) to use the plant variety protection system, rather than patents, in developing countries; establish an independently administered fellowship program to train developing-country scientists in crop biotechnology, biosafety, and intellectual property; donate useful technologies to developing countries; agree to share financial rewards from intellectual property rights on varieties such as basmati or jasmine rice with the countries of origin; and finally, develop a global public dialogue that treats developing-country participants as equal partners.
Study on the characteristics of germination and growth of <I>Phragmites australis</I> seedlings in Udono

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ヨシの種子の発芽実験を25 ℃ の環境下で実施した結果，採り撒きの種子よりも，低温処理種子の方が発芽率が低かった。また，実生苗を水深の異なる4つの処理区（灌水区，底面湛水区，半湛水区，冠水区）および施肥区と対照区（無施肥）の2つの処理区の計 8 試験区において約 2年間育成した結果，茎数は水深が深くなるほど増加し，施肥によっても増加する傾向がみられた。根系の発達は，湛水面が低いほど地下茎が発達し，湛水面が高いほど細根の発達がみられ，水深に応じて根系の発達する器官が異なった。さらに，地下茎は湛水面の位置に応じて形成位置が変化することが観察されたことから，地下茎の形成位置と水深には関係があることが示唆された。
Editor response for version 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is capable of causing a wide range of infections. Contaminated hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) act as a potential source of MRSA transmission in hospitals. Aim This study aims at detecting the carriage of MRSA on the hands of HCWs during patient care and the evaluation of the effective practice of hand hygiene protocol. Methodology This study was a cross-sectional point (prevalence) study done in wards and intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital. Cultures from hand swabs were obtained from HCWs during clinical rounds without prior information about the procedure. A second culture was also taken after the use of an alcohol-based hand rub or handwash (after 1 minute of use). Result Of a total of 145 HCWs screened, 24 (17%) were positive for MRSA. Doctors were 9 while nurses were 10. Six (4%) HCWs remained positive for MRSA after washing their hands or using an alcohol-based hand rub. Conclusion Commitment to preventing healthcare-associated infections requires that regular monitoring of hand hygiene practices be in place. A rapid diagnostic protocol such as MRSA chromogenic agar has a shorter turnaround time compared to standard laboratory workflow in identifying MRSA. Evaluation of the transmission rate of MRSA from HCWs to patients will be encouraged in further studies.
Effects of morphine withdrawal on catecholaminergic neurons on heart right ventricle; implication of dopamine receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of D 1 -and D 2 -dopamine receptors blockade on the changes in the ventricular content of catecholamines in rats withdrawn from morphine. Rats were given morphine by subcutaneous (sc) implantation of morphine pellets for 5 days. On the eighth day, morphine withdrawal was induced by sc administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg), and rats were killed 30 min later. Pretreatment with SCH 23390 (dopamine D 1 , D 5 receptor antagonist) 15 min prior to naloxone administration suppressed some the behavioural signs of morphine withdrawal, whereas eticlopride (dopamine D 2 , D 3 , D 4 receptor antagonist) did not. In addition, biochemical analysis indicate that SCH 23390 completely abolished the withdrawal-induced increase in noradrenaline and dopamine turnover in the right ventricle. By contrast, eticlopride did not block the hyperactivity of catecholaminergic neurons in the heart during morphine withdrawal. These data suggest that the hyperactivity of catecholaminergic neurons in the heart during morphine withdrawal is dependent upon D 1 dopamine receptor activation. In addition, our results exclude the involvement of D 2 dopamine receptors.Key words: morphine withdrawal, right ventricle, catecholaminergic activity.
Over- and Underyielding in Time and Space in Experiments with Mixed Stands of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Pine-spruce forests are one of the commonest mixed forest types in Europe and both tree species are very important for wood supply. This study summarized nine European studies with Scots pine and Norway spruce where a mixed-species stand and both monocultures were located in an experimental set-up. Overyielding (where growth of a mixed stand was greater than the average of both monocultures) was relatively common and often ranged between 0% and 30%, but could also be negative at individual study sites. Each individual site demonstrated consistent patterns of the mixing effect over different measurement periods. Transgressive overyielding (where the mixed-species stand was more productive than either of the monocultures) was found at three study sites, while a monoculture was more productive on the other sites. Large variation between study sites indicated that the existing experiments do not fully represent the extensive region where this mixed pine-spruce forest can occur. Pooled increment data displayed a negative influence of latitude and stand age on the mixing effect of those tree species in forests younger than 70 years.
Dust SEDs in the era of Herschel and Planck: a Hierarchical Bayesian fitting technique

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a hierarchical Bayesian method for fitting infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of dust emission to observed fluxes. Under the standard assumption of optically thin single temperature (T) sources the dust SED as represented by a power--law modified black body is subject to a strong degeneracy between T and the spectral index beta. The traditional non-hierarchical approaches, typically based on chi-square minimization, are severely limited by this degeneracy, as it produces an artificial anti-correlation between T and beta even with modest levels of observational noise. The hierarchical Bayesian method rigorously and self-consistently treats measurement uncertainties, including calibration and noise, resulting in more precise SED fits. As a result, the Bayesian fits do not produce any spurious anti-correlations between the SED parameters due to measurement uncertainty. We demonstrate that the Bayesian method is substantially more accurate than the chi-square fit in recovering the SED parameters, as well as the correlations between them. As an illustration, we apply our method to Herschel and sub millimeter ground-based observations of the star-forming Bok globule CB244. This source is a small, nearby molecular cloud containing a single low-mass protostar and a starless core. We find that T and beta are weakly positively correlated -- in contradiction with the chi-square fits, which indicate a T-beta anti-correlation from the same data-set. Additionally, in comparison to the chi-square fits the Bayesian SED parameter estimates exhibit a reduced range in values.
Health Insurance in India—A Study of Provider’s Perceptions in Delhi & the NCR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the Indian health insurance market by empirically observing the provider’s perceptions and its relationship with the insured, the insurer and the third party administrators (TPAs). The study tries to find out the awareness level among the insured population and their attitude towards treatment cost. It then examines the role of TPAs and the impact of cashless services on the cost of treatment by studying a few cost drivers. Apart from studying the provider’s per-ceptions it also tries to look at some of the evidence of moral hazards and that of fraudulent activity. The findings suggest that the awareness level regarding policy terms and condition is low among the insured population and most of them do not care for the cost of treatment. The providers increase their rates quite frequently and prefer the middle income group for extending cashless benefits. The TPA model has not been successful in bringing down the claim cost but has helped in providing unbiased services including cashless benefits. The price structure of healthcare services are linked to the room rent category and most of the insured patients, who are more demanding, prefer staying in higher category rooms. The concept of cost-sharing by the insured will help tackle this issue to some degree. The Indian health insurance market is not immune from supply-side moral hazards and fraudulent activities and there is a need to craft different strategies to tackle them. There exists an opportunity for the insurance companies to build long-term relationships with the preferred healthcare providers by using technology and by understanding each other’s roles in serving the common client.
The Indirect Nature of Social Motives: The Relation of Social Approach and Avoidance Motives with Likeability via Extraversion and Agreeableness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The current study tested assumptions derived from the whole‐trait theory (Fleeson, 2012), which proposes a connection between personality and motivation. We hypothesized that individual differences in social approach and avoidance motives are associated with personality as observed by others. In addition, we expected that observed personality links social approach and avoidance motives to interpersonal outcomes. The sample was composed of 83 young adults (25.3% males, M age = 21.66 years) who had recently moved into a shared apartment. Roommates ( N = 83; 50.6% males, M age = 22.83 years) evaluated the newcomers on E xtraversion, A greeableness, and likeability. Approach motives had an indirect positive effect on likeability through other‐reported E xtraversion and A greeableness. Although avoidance motives had some negative effects on likeability mediated through low E xtraversion, they were positively associated with A greeableness. These results demonstrate the complexity of social approach and avoidance motives. Moreover, they highlight the importance of motivational factors for observed personality.
Abstract 549: Angiotensin II Attenuates Apelin-36 Release from Human Placental Chorionic Villi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and apelin have opposing actions in the regulation of blood pressure, vascular tone and angiogenesis, factors known to be important in pregnancy. Chorionic villi (CV) are essential for the transport of oxygen and metabolites in the maternal-fetal interface. Previous studies from our group demonstrated the upregulation of Ang II in the CV of preeclamptic women. Since the interaction between Ang II and apelin have been suggested in the cardiovascular system, we determined whether Ang II alters the release of apelin from the placental CV obtained from normotensive pregnant (NP) and preeclamptic (PRE) women. We also established whether Ang-(1-7) influences apelin release from the same set of tissue samples. CV were dissected from the placental tissue, washed and incubated for 0, 2 and 16 hours in DMEM/F12 media with or without Ang II (1 nM and 1 μM) or Ang-(1-7) (1 nM and 1 μM) under controlled O2 and CO2 tensions. The unstimulated release of apelin measured by a competitive radioimmunoassay was significantly reduced in the conditioned media from PRE compared to NP chorionic villi at 2 hrs (PRE: 181.1 ± 31 vs. NP: 309.5 ± 51.4 pg/ml, p<0.05). There was a significant increase in apelin release from both NP (267.8 ± 34.8 vs. baseline: 118.4 ± 27.3 pg/ml, p<0.01) and PRE (293.5 ± 25.8 vs. baseline: 122.6 ± 24.8 pg/ml, p<0.01) CV at 16 hours. Ang II or Ang-(1-7) inhibited the release of apelin from CV of the NP (p<0.05) but not of PRE at 2 hours. At 16 hours, however, Ang II or Ang-(1-7) inhibited the release of apelin from both NP and PRE villi (p<0.05). Immunostaining revealed the predominant localization of apelin receptor to syncytiotrophoblasts and fetal vascular cells of CV - areas associated with AT1 receptor localization. Our data showing a negative influence of Ang II on apelin release from chorionic villi suggest an opposing interaction between these peptides in the human placental tissue. Reduced apelin activity would remove its counter-regulatory actions on Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular resistance, and inflammation - abnormalities which precede and sustain preeclampsia. A surprising inhibitory effect of Ang-(1-7) on apelin suggests a complex regulation of apelin within the RAS.