jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Germ line dynamics in bivalve molluscs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies about germ line specification in Mollusca have been neglected for years. Available data based on few species indicate that molluscs exhibit the same cleavage mechanism of other spiralians, in which much of the mesoderm comes form the 4d blastomere, including the germinal tissue, whose specification has been identified by localizing the products of vasa orthologs (VASA is highly conserved in the animal kingdom). Despite the relevance of bivalve molluscs in marine ecosystems and aquaculture, their mechanism of sex determination is still unknown, as well as the details of their seasonal gonad reconstitution (i.e. the gonad is reabsorbed after spawning and reconstructed at the beginning of the subsequent reproductive season). \nIn order to determine general features of bivalve germ line development, we employed two antibodies produced against the VASA ortholog of Ruditapes philippinarum (Subclass Heterodonta, Family Veneridae) to investigate three additional species. We chose two species of the Subclass Pteriomorphia, Scapharca inaequivalvis (Family Arcidae) and Crassostrea gigas (Family Ostreidae), and another species of the Subclass Heterodonta, Mya arenaria (Family Myidae). \nThe immunoreactivity of anti-VASA was confirmed by Western Blot in which single specific bands were obtained in each species, although of different molecular weight. On the other hand, the presence of two different bands in males and females of the gonochoric R. philippinarum has been previously related to sex-biased isoforms, already found in other animal species outside bivalves. The detection of a single band in the two Pteriomorphia may be tentatively related to their state of proterandric hermaphrodites. M. arenaria is reported to be gonochoric, as R. philippinarum, but the analyzed specimens were all females, so we cannot exclude the existence of different sex-related isoforms, although no sign of a second band was present. The immunohistological data obtained support a conserved mechanism of proliferation of primodial germ cells (showing the VASA labeling at one side of the cell cytoplasm) among the simple columnar epithelium of the gut. Moreover, their seasonal migration to the reconstituting gonad appears to be a common feature of bivalves. The study of bivalve reproductive biology can clarify important aspects of their development, but can also be useful for conservation management and breeding programs.
Attainment of Course Learning Outcome using Awakening to Languages Approach among Hotel Management Students in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Awakening to Languages (ATL) approach has seen positive outcomes in foreign language classes. However, research on the approach in the Malaysian context is scarce, especially among university students. Hence, this study analyses the approach’s effectiveness after it has been implemented, through descriptive analysis, specifically regarding the attainment of one of the course learning outcomes (CLO), simulation, for a third language course in a Malaysian university. The result indicates that the marks achieved by all classes for their CLO 1 were highly satisfactory. This suggests a positive correlation between this approach and oral language skills.
Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analyses of Turkish Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Lines using ISSR Markers and ChloroplasttrnL-FRegions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 22 cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) lines widely cultivated in Turkey were investigated. For this purpose, 20 ISSR primers were used, and five of which generated amplification products. The polymorphic locus ratio was calculated as 87.21% and a moderate level of genetic diversity was found between the genotypes. Percentage of the highest polymorphic locus was calculated as 12.79% for the Beren line, whereas ADN 98, ADN 710, and ozbek 105 lines showed the lowest value with 0.00%.trnL-Fintergenic spacer sequences were used in order to determine phylogenetic relationships, and a comparison was carried out between both sequences of our lines and the sequences obtained from NCBI-GenBank database. The sequences ofG. hirsutum, G. hirsutumsubsp.latifolium, andG. hirsutumcv. Hainansijimian were described as the most similar sequences according to specifications of coverage, similarity, and maximum score ranges. Then, a phylogenetic tree was established by using the sample sequences from the prominent families cultivated, especially from Malvaceae. While the members of Malvaceae family were clustered as one group, the other families were comprised of different groups located in different positions according to their genetic similarities.
Impact of Linear-PWM and MPC controllers on the power device losses in a grid-tied two-level inverter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the estimated power losses and device junction temperatures in a two-level grid-tied converter commanded by a linear current controller with a pulse-with-modulator (PWM) or a finite-control-set (FCS) model predictive controller (MPC). This analysis is performed for two points of operation: (a) converter delivering only active power to the grid, (b) exchanging capacitive-reactive power with the grid (STATCOM). Using an electrothermal model based on the firing signals and measured converter currents, the simulation results show the important role of the operating point and control methodology of the converter losses and device junction temperature excursions. The results show that using the MPC controller improves the converter performance when the converter delivers only active power to the grid. In the case of STATCOM operation the total losses are similar, but there is a relative increase of the losses on the diodes. The use of SiC Schottky diodes has been evaluated, with an improvement of the converter performance for both controllers. \n
Trp2 Peptide Vaccine Adjuvanted with ( R )-DOTAP Inhibits Tumor Growth in an Advanced Melanoma Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previously we have shown cationic lipid (R)-DOTAP as the immunologically active enantiomer of the DOTAP racemic mixture, initiating complete tumor regression in an exogenous antigen model (murine cervical cancer model). Here, we investigate the use of (R)-DOTAP as an efficacious adjuvant delivering an endogenous antigen in an aggressive murine solid tumor melanoma model. (R)-DOTAP/Trp2 peptide complexes showed decreasing size and charge with increasing peptide concentration, taking a rod-shape at highest concentrations. The particles were stable for at 2 weeks at 4°C. A dose of 75nmol Trp2 (formulated in (R)-DOTAP) was able to show statistically significant tumor growth delay compared to lower doses of 5 and 25nmol which were no different than untreated tumors. (R)-DOTAP/Trp2 (75nmol) treated mice also showed increased T cell IFN-γ secretion after restimulation with Trp2, as well as CTL activity in vivo. This vaccination group also showed the highest population of functionally active tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, indicated by IFN-γ secretion after restimulation with Trp2. Thus, (R)-DOTAP has shown the ability to break tolerance as an adjuvant. Its activity to enhance immunogenicity of other tumor associated antigens should be studied further.
Evaluation of 16 Barley Genotypes under Calcareous Soil Conditions in Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Research Station at Nubaria, ARC representing newlyreclaimed areas during two successive seasons of 2005/06 and 2006/07 to evaluate 16 barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) genotypes grown under water stress and calcareous soil conditions. The evaluation included yield and itscomponents, growth attributes, earliness and kernel protein content. A randomized complete block design wasused with three replications. Only two irrigations, i.e. at sowing and heading were applied to expose plants towater stress. Results showed that there are significant differences among the 16 barley genotypes for most of thecharacteristics. Four barley genotypes; Malouk//Aths/Linee686,Alanda-02/4/Arizona5908,Alanda/3/CI08887/CI05761//Lignee640, and Alanda/ Harma//Alanda01out yielded the check cultivars in grainand biological yield with some other advantages such as earliness, harvest index, leaf area index, and higherprotein content. It is suggested that those genotypes could have more genetic stability studies to be grown in suchcalcareous soils.
A portable respiration evaluation system using on-line segmental empirical mode decomposition

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As mHealth (Mobile Health) thrives, advances in collection and analysis of vital signals on portable devices have become more and more important. In this paper, a low end effect on-line segmental empirical mode decomposition (SegEMD) is proposed. SegEMD is capable of processing continuous signals segment by segment with EMD, by reusing the slopes, the previous data and the estimation of signal characteristics in advance. Worst normalized mean squared error (NMSE) compared to the results carried out by the conventional EMD is less than 9%. For decomposing an 8-hour overnight electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the processing time is twice the conventional EMD, but the memory requirement is reduced to below 1%. Compared with SEMD, the processing time is 83% less and the memory used is 63% less. The proposed detrending and extraction of ECG-derived respiration (EDR) also reach 0.72 of correlation coefficient with the respiratory signal from the thoracic belt.
Time use among New Zealand Members of Parliament

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article provides a first attempt to describe time use among Members of Parliament (MPs). Drawing on an original survey on time use and a time diary of three working days (Wednesday–Friday) collected in 2013 among New Zealand MPs (N = 22), it presents a quantification and description of MPs’ time use. The data indicate that with an average of 13 h 20 min, MPs have long working days and many seem to face work–life balance issues. MPs also undertake a broad variety of activities during their working time, with meetings with various actors taking up a large part of their time. Finally, a correspondence analysis reveals that male and female MPs as well as first term and more experienced MPs display some differences in their time use. Social activities dominate more of the time of male MPs than they do for female MPs. Experienced MPs seem to spend more time in the House than first-term MPs. The latter spend more time on communication than experienced MPs.
Laryngeal Paraganglioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare case of supraglottic laryngeal paraganglioma is presented. There have been only twenty-three other reported cases of the tumor recorded in the English, German and French literature. The patient was a 56-year-old woman with a history of hoarseness and stridor for about three years, and with a pink submucosal cherry-sized mass involving the aryepiglottic fold to the false cord on the left side. Treatment was an extralaryngeal excision after a preliminary treacheostomy. Blood loss was estimated at 260ml.The published cases of laryngeal paraganglioma as well as the present case indicate that in all but one of these cases, laryngeal paraganglioma originated superiorly in the larynx; that involvement of the ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold is common; that the incidence of the tumor is equal in the sexes; and that the average age of patients at the time of diagnosis is 47 years. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment and has been possible in 22 cases. The incidence of malignant behavior with metastasis in reported cases of laryngeal paraganglioma is 17%, which commonly have a characteristic symptom of severe spasmodic laryngeal pain which may be induced by swallowing.
Neighborhood Disorder, Perceived Social Cohesion, and Social Participation Among Older Americans: Findings From the National Health & Aging Trends Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: This research explores whether physical neighborhood disorder or perceived social cohesion is associated with participation in social activities among older Americans (age 65+). Method: Using the first wave of the National Health & Aging Trends Study (NHATS; N = 6,383), a series of logistic regression models were created to assess the odds of participation. Results: Low social cohesion was associated with decreased odds of visiting friends and family (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.52, 0.82]) and participating in organizations (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.53, 0.88]). Presence of neighborhood disorder was associated with decreased odds of visiting friends and family (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = [0.47, 0.82]), participating in organizations (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = [0.48, 0.89]), and going out for enjoyment (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.53, 0.86]). Physical capacity and activity value moderated the relationship between neighborhood disorder/cohesion and attending religious services. Discussion: Improving neighborhood disorder and social cohesion may increase social participation among older adults.
Effects of Antibiotics That Inhibit Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis on Plastid Division in Pteridophytes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated the effect of antibiotics that specifically inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis on plastid division in pteridophytes by comparing the numbers of plastids in normal and antibiotic-treated pteridophyte cells. Plastid numbers were unaffected in Moniliformopses cells but decreased in Lycophytina cells after treatment with the β-lactam antibiotic ampicillin. However, cells of all four pteridophyte species exhibited decreased plastid numbers when treated with the antibiotic fosfomycin. Together, these results suggest that the Mur genes may be related to plastid division in pteridophytes, as demonstrated for certain bryophytes.
The Mentality of Partisans of the Polish Anti-Communist Underground 1944–1956

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book is the first study of the mentality of anti-Communist underground fighters and presents, especially, their thinking, ideals, stereotypes and customs. The models and psychological processes that the volume analyses are relevant not only to the Polish partisans, but also to members of other underground organisations, in East-Central Europe, South America and Asia. It explores how the underground organizations were created, who joined them and why, what thoughts and emotions were involved, and what were the consequences of the decisions to join them. Experiences and situations are illustrated with excerpts of diaries and memoirs which reveal the thinking of people in extreme situations, when their lives are in danger, when they are caught in desperate conflicts, or are fighting against overwhelming government forces. The Mentality of Partisans is useful for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in the history of Europe, resistance movements, anticommunism, military and political conflicts, World War Two and non-classical historiography.
On Quasitoric Orbifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Quasitoric spaces were introduced by Davis and Januskiewicz in their 1991 Duke paper. There they extensively studied topological invariants of quasitoric manifolds. These manifolds are generalizations or topological counterparts of nonsingular projective toric varieties. In this article we study structures and invariants of quasitoric orbifolds. In particular, we discuss equivalent definitions and determine the orbifold fundamental group, rational homology groups and cohomology ring of a quasitoric orbifold. We determine whether any quasitoric orbifold can be the quotient of a smooth manifold by a finite group action or not. We prove existence of stable almost complex structure and describe the Chen-Ruan cohomology groups of an almost complex quasitoric orbifold.
A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Dual-Beam Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Substrate Integration Capability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A wideband dual-beam dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with substrate integration capability was proposed for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The four rows of air vias along the x-direction and two extended rectangular patches could shift the undesirable radiation mode upward and move the conical-beam radiation mode downward, respectively. Thus, the TE211 mode and the TE411 mode of the patch-loaded perforated rectangular substrate integrated dielectric resonator (SIDR) supporting the dual-beam radiation can be retained in the operating band, and their radiation can be improved by the air vias along the y-direction. The T-shaped line coupled dual-slot structure could excite the above two modes, and a dual-slot mode supporting dual-beam radiation could also work. Then, a wideband DRA with a stable dual-beam radiation angle can be achieved, and its impedance matching can be improved by two air slots on two sides. Compared with the state-of-the-art dual-beam antennas, the proposed antenna shows a wider bandwidth, a higher radiation efficiency, and the substrate integration capability of DRA, making it more suitable for mm-wave applications. For demonstration, a 1 × 4 array was designed with the 10 dB impedance matching bandwidth of 41.2% and the directions of the dual beams between ±30° and ±35°.
A 77GHz CMOS Down-Conversion Mixer with High CG Using CCPT-SPT Structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a 76–81 GHz down-conversion mixer designed in 65 nm CMOS process. To enhance the load impedance and improve the transconductance (g m ) of the transconductance stage, a novel mixer structure is proposed. The presented mixer includes an enhanced Gilbert-cell core with series peaking inductors for reducing noise and intermediate frequency (IF) buffer. The load stage is cross-coupled with PMOS transistors (CCPT) in parallel, and the g m stage is stacked with PMOS transistors (SPT). Under the power of 1 dBm local oscillator (LO), the input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is −8.34 dBm. The mixer consumes 8 mW under 1.2 V power supply. The LO-to-RF isolation is better than 40 dB at 76–81 GHz. At 77 GHz, the conversion gain (CG) and noise figure (NF) are 11.8 dB and 12.9 dB, respectively. Compared with conventional down-conversion mixers, the presented mixer is suitable for automotive radar with high CG and low NF.
Hisopathological study of skin tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hisopathological study of skin tumours - IJPO- Print ISSN No: - 2394-6784 Online ISSN No:- 2394-6792 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijpo.2019.106, Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology-Indian J Pathol Oncol
Trading legality with precaution: Preliminary impacts of management plans and forest certification in the Cameroonian forests.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As of mid-2008, 63 of the 101 available forest management units (FMUs) in Cameroon were managed according to approved management plans, and seven FMUs had received a FSC certification. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the volumetric and financial variations incurred by logging companies and by the government when adopting both the management plans and the FSC regulations. The full adoption of sustainable, or at least precautionary, values into approved management plans could reduce available volumes of the most harvested species by 17%, while foregone revenues for the State could amount to about 18%. The financial losses incurred by both the State and logging companies by fully adopting improved forest management in Cameroon should deserve more attention, if viable alternative options are to be found and resistance to reform diminished.
Floristic Change on Heron Island, a Coral Cay in the Capricorn-Bunker Group, Great Barrier Reef

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Floristic change on islands is a matter of considerable theoretical and practical conservation interest. The vascular flora of Heron Island, a small coral cay on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia was, therefore, surveyed at 3 month intervals from September 1990 until December 1993. During this period 57 species were reported for the island, with the number of species present at one time varying from 40 to 53. Six alien species and two native species were reported from the island for the first time. Direct gradient analysis demonstrated a similarity between spring-summer samples and autumn-winter samples, with the pairs of samples being different from each other. Neither the total number of species present at one time nor the proportion of alien species in the flora has increased since 1984, suggesting that the flora has reached equilibrium with the disturbance caused by human activity on the island. A method for estimating the annual rate of species turnover (I1) is outlined, and I1 is calculated for Heron Island and four other islands in the Capricorn-Bunker Group. The low I1 reported for Heron Island is further evidence for floristic equilibrium being approached on this highly disturbed site.
A comparison of dressings in the management of surgical abdominal wounds

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This prospective randomised trial compared the performance of three dressing protocols in the management of 36 dehisced surgical abdominal wounds: a standard alginate; a gauze moistened with sodium hypochlorite (0.05%); and a combine dressing pad. Outcomes assessed were: healing time (cm2 per day and cm3 per day), patient comfort (pain and satisfaction) and cost. There were no statistically significant differences in healing rates between the three groups but there was a trend for the combine dressing pad protocol to produce a greater reduction in wound area. The combine dressing pad protocol performed well when compared with the calcium alginate in terms of healing time, patient comfort and cost. Maximum pain was significantly greater (p=0.011) and satisfaction significantly lower among patients who received the sodium hypochlorite protocol. Costs during the in-patient phase were also substantially higher for the sodium hypochlorite protocol. Trial results support the view that sodium hypochlorite dressing protocols for surgical wounds should be abandoned.
The Disease Concept

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This textbook surveys the current knowledge on substance use disorders (SUD), summarizing scientific evidence from numerous fields. It uses a biopsychosocial framework to integrate the many factors that contribute to addictions, from genetic predispositions, neurological responses caused by drugs, co-occurring psychiatric disorders, personality traits, and developmental conditions to cultural influences. Real-life vignettes and first-person accounts build understanding of the lived experience of addiction. The currently accepted practices for diagnosis and treatment are presented, including the role of 12-step programmes and other mutual-assistance groups. The text also investigates the research methods that form the foundation of evidence-based knowledge. The main body text is augmented by study guideposts such as learning objectives, review exercises, highlighted key terms, and chapter summaries, which enable more efficient comprehension and retention of the book's material.