jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PULM13: DRIVe-ing ARDS medical countermeasure innovations for simpler, safer, more widely accessible ECMO and alternative approaches to gas exchange.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) seeks to develop and procure medical countermeasures that address the consequences of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) events, as well as pandemic influenza and emerging infectious diseases. Any such threats may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for which the first-line intervention is mechanical ventilation. Critically, ventilation often results in further lung damage. Patients who do not respond to mechanical ventilation are more and more frequently placed on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) systems, which can enable lung tissue healing by bypassing contribution of the lungs to respiratory function. VV-ECMO, however, remains labor-intensive, costly, prone to risks and complications, and ECMO capabilities are limited to a few specialized centers. The Division of Research, Innovation, and Ventures (DRIVe) in BARDA is interested in innovative approaches to sustain healthy oxygenation levels in ARDS patients as they heal naturally or await lung transplant, all the while preventing further tissue injury to already damaged lungs. Under the program Healing Lungs, DRIVe is prioritizing technologies that would make ECMO simpler to operate, safer for patients, and more widely accessible. Of particular interest are ECMO design innovations that reduce the chance of blood clot formation and hemorrhage and efforts to miniaturize the ECMO circuit into a portable unit.
Public Sector Innovation Ecosystems: A Proposition for Theoretical-Conceptual Integration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on a literature review, the article proposes a theoretical articulation integrating the innovation subfields of service innovation, social innovation, and public sector innovation. The results revealed a theoretical-methodological research gap regarding the system that mobilizes a set of dimensions for collaborative creation of innovations that generate public value for society, which was conceptualized as public sector innovation ecosystem. Nevertheless, an ecosystem analytical matrix framework was proposed through seven dimensions: ecosystem actors; nature or role of the actor in the ecosystem; competences and preferences of the multiple actors; operations, functions and technologies related to services; nature of innovation; and, public value creation. This research provides an opportunity to advance the knowledge about public innovation and subsidizing innovative policies and managerial practice.
Packet Oriented Error Correcting Codes Using Vandermonde Matrices and Shift Operators

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a design of packet oriented systematic block codes based on the Vandermonde matrix applied to a group of k information packets to construct r redundant packets which are transmitted together with the original packets into the network. The investigated codes are capable of correcting a single erroneous packet in a group of n = k+r received packets, irrespective of the number of bits in error within this packet. The elements of the Vandermonde matrix are bit level right arithmetic shift operators and this, combined with low-overhead packet padding, enables simple endcoding/decoding procedures as compared to some of the more traditional packet-level error correction approaches. The latter, similar to the codes proposed in this paper, is applicable to packets of any size with the same lengths within the block of k information packets. The correction of erroneous packet is based on syndrome decoding that provides both the location of the packet in error and the locations of the bits in error within this packet. The general code design principles are illustrated in the paper with examples of codes of different rates but the same minimum distance of three. The design performance is tested using Monte Carlo simulations and shows good agreement with theoretical results.
Human Parvovirus B19-induced Pure Red Cell Aplasia In Patients With Allograft Renal Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Explore the diagnosis and treatment of pure red cell aplasia(PRCA) induced by human parvovirus B19 in patients with allograft renal transplantation.Methods:4 cases of allograft renal transplantation patients suffered from HPV-B19 infection with the symptom of PRCA were analyzed retrospectively of the clinical features,diagnostic methods,treatment process and prognosis.These 4 cases who received several courses Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) were cured finally and followed-up for 24 months.Results:(1) The 4 of 6 renal transplant recipients in our center appears highly similar clinical symptoms such as fever,gradually hemoglobin(Hb) decreasing within 60 days post-transplantation;(2) 4 cases of HPV-B19 infection were confirmed by anti-HPV-B19-IgM/IgG examination,bone marrow aspiration and other laboratory examinations,combined with epidemiological characteristics;(3) HPV-B19-associated PRCA can be cured by IVIG and adjusted baseline immunosuppression regimen,and may be recurrent in these immunocompromised patients,and the following course of IVIG would be still effective.Conclusion:(1) Anemia is a prominent clinical symptoms in patients after renal transplantation infected with HPV-B19,HPV-B19 infection should be suspected for such patients with unaccountability anemia;(2) PCR technology and/or specific IgM/IgG examination,bone marrow aspiration,and other laboratory examines will meet the requirements of HPV-B19 diagnosis;(3)IVIG is recommended as first regimen to control the serious HPV-B19 infection-associated PRCA in patients with renal allograft transplantation,while baseline immunosuppression regimen should be carefully adjusted and lowered to reduce relapse probability.
World trends of entrepreneurship development in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Today, digitalization has become one of the key factors in socio-economic development. It covers reproduction, science, public administration and entrepreneurship itself. Considering the conditions for the formation of the economic space of the Lugansk People’s Republic, scientists face difficult tasks of finding solutions to the digital transformation of the socioeconomic system of the Republic for full integration into the economic space of the countries of strategic partners. The presented article attempts to systematically analyze the development of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship in the context of the digitalization of the economies of the world’s leading countries. The study compares the simplicity of entrepreneurial activity between countries of the world, assesses the ability of countries to ensure a high level of wellbeing of their citizens and determines the level of economic freedom and the state of the country’s entrepreneurial ecosystem in a local and international context. Evaluation of digital development processes is carried out using an aggregated index of the network state, which characterizes technology, people, management and the level of network development of the studied group of countries. Based on the conclusions made, the main characteristics of the directions for the development of entrepreneurship in the context of the digital transformation of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republic are proposed and substantiated.
The Anterior Capsule of the Hip Joint Is a Major Hindrance to the Surgical Treatment of Basicervical Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Single Center, Retrospective Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The basicervical intertrochanteric fracture has recently received considerable attention as one of the major risk factors for failure of internal fixation. We aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of basicervical intertrochanteric fractures related to their surgical outcomes using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) and to determine the causes for the high failure rate of surgery. Methods: Between May 2015 and October 2019, 226 patients with intertrochanteric fracture of the femur including 58 basicervical types who were treated with femoral nail were evaluated. Following data were collected to find out the risk factors for surgical failure: fracture patterns (unstable or basicervical type), tip apex distance, type of postoperative reduction (acceptable or unacceptable), and continuity of anterior capsule for logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for surgical failures Results: Union was achieved in 215 patients (95.1%), with 11 surgical failures (4.9%), including 10 non-unions (4.6%) and 1 osteonecrosis of the femoral head (0.4%). Seven surgical failures (8.7%) were identified in the unstable fracture group, 6 (10.3%) in the basicervical type group, and 10 (19.6%) in the unacceptable reduction group. Multivariate analysis showed that unstable fracture (OR 10.311, 95% CI 1.165 – 91.229, p = 0.036), basicervical type (OR 11.564, 95% CI 1.339 – 99.872, p = 0.026), and unacceptable reduction (OR 28.364, 95% CI 3.428 – 234.695, p = 0.002) were significant predictors for surgical failure. Unacceptable reduction (OR 13.180, 95% CI 1.336 – 130.059, p = 0.027) was the only risk factor for surgical failure in the basicervical intertrochanteric fracture group. A chi-square test showed that an intact anterior capsule was statistically correlated with surgical failure (p = 0.043) and unacceptable reduction (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Because the intact anterior capsule of the hip joint may hinder achieving acceptable reduction, the evaluation of the anterior capsule should be included as an important preoperative assessment for the surgical treatment of basicervical intertrochanteric fracture. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study
Combining nano-differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis to investigate VDAC1 interaction with small molecules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) plays a central role in metabolism and apoptosis, which makes it a promising therapeutic target. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms governing VDAC1 functioning remain unclear. Small-molecule ligands specifically interacting with the channel provide an attractive way of exploring its structure-function relationships and can possibly be used as founding stones for future drug-candidates. While around 30 VDAC1 ligands have been identified over the years, various techniques have been used by research teams, making a fair and direct comparison between compounds impossible. To tackle this issue, we performed ligand-binding assays on a representative set of seventeen known VDAC1 ligands using nano-differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis. While all the compounds have been confirmed as VDAC1 ligands by at least one method, combining both technologies lead to the selection of four molecules (cannabidiol, curcumin, DIDS and VBIT4) as chemical starting points for future design of VDAC1 selective ligands.
Dynamics of Haemonchus Contortus Coproantigen Appearance in Feces of Experimentally Infected Sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

AEMONCHOSIS is one of the most important parasitic diseases due to its economic effect on the productivity of small ruminants.Accordingly, there is a significant need for the development of accurate immunological assays for early diagnosis.Little is known about coproantigen's dynamics in the feces of Haemonchus contortus (H.contortus)infected sheep before egg shedding.In this study, two immunodiagnostic techniques were used: antigen capture-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot (EITB).At 5-8 days post infection (DPI), antigen capture-ELISA detected H. contortus coproantigen in feces of the experimentally infected lambs.Diagnostic detection of the antigen using capture ELISA was recorded four days earlier than detection with indirect ELISA.EITB was more accurate in the early detection of coproantigen in fecal supernatants at 2 nd DPI.Two specific polypeptide bands of 42 and 126 KDa strongly reacted with the sera of experimentally infected lambs.Additionally, two specific polypeptide bands of H. contortus coproantigen with molecular weights of 54 and 59 KDa might be considered a reliable parameter in detecting the early phase of infection before egg shedding.Reactivity against these bands was observed beginning with the 8 th DPI and lasting until the experiment ended.In conclusion, H. contortus coproantigen could be used as a diagnostic antigen in sheep to detect haemonchosis during the prepatent period.
Transcriptomic Modification in the Cerebral Cortex following Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: RNA-Sequencing Approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modulate neuroplasticity. Beneficial effects are observed in patients with psychiatric disorders and enhancement of brain performance in healthy individuals has been observed following tDCS. However, few studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of tDCS in the brain. This study was conducted to assess the impact of tDCS on gene expression within the rat cerebral cortex. Anodal tDCS was applied at 3 different intensities followed by RNA-sequencing and analysis. In each current intensity, approximately 1,000 genes demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to the sham group. A variety of functional pathways, biological processes, and molecular categories were found to be modified by tDCS. The impact of tDCS on gene expression was dependent on current intensity. Results show that inflammatory pathways, antidepressant-related pathways (GTP signaling, calcium ion binding, and transmembrane/signal peptide pathways), and receptor signaling pathways (serotonergic, adrenergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and glutamate) were most affected. Of the gene expression profiles induced by tDCS, some changes were observed across multiple current intensities while other changes were unique to a single stimulation intensity. This study demonstrates that tDCS can modify the expression profile of various genes in the cerebral cortex and that these tDCS-induced alterations are dependent on the current intensity applied.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of From combinatorial peptide selection to drug prototype (II): targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase, is central to human tumorigenesis. Typically, three classes of drugs inhibit tyrosine kinase pathways: blocking antibodies, small kinase inhibitors, and soluble ligand receptor traps/decoys. Only the first two types of EGFR-binding inhibitory drugs are clinically available; notably, no EGFR decoy has yet been developed. Here we identify small molecules mimicking EGFR and that functionally behave as soluble decoys for EGF and TGFalpha, ligands that would otherwise activate downstream signaling. After combinatorial library selection on EGFR ligands, a panel of binding peptides was narrowed by structure-function analysis. The most active motif was CVRAC (EGFR 283-287), which is necessary and sufficient for specific EGFR ligand binding. Finally, a synthetic retro-inverted derivative, (D)(CARVC), became our preclinical prototype of choice. This study reveals an EGFR-decoy drug candidate with translational potential. PMID: 20190183
Diamond machining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text Stephen C. Hobert, "Diamond machining," Optics & Photonics News 1(6), 21-22 (1990) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_00049

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Common name(s): Common bean
Conserved by: Thilo Wegenast-Sprenger, Germany
Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_00049
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2022-03-28
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: SMTA transfer
A Review of Morphometric Studies of Drainage Basins in Nigeria

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The review chronicles morphometric studies of drainage basins across the regions of Nigeria. This is done against the backdrop of the importance of the drainage basin in terms of its morphometric characteristics, water resources exploration, planning and development, and its associated environmental problems of flooding, erosion and drought. Both conventional and non-conventional methods are classified into pre- and Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) era, where they were used. The results of analysis showed that the linear, areal and relief attributes of the basin varied across the country. The Nigeria drainage basins range: Basin Area(Ab ) 40.75km2 to 9,926km2, Stream Order(Nu) 3rd to 7th, Stream Number(N) 13 to 9205, Stream Length (Lu) 9.6km to 30,232.80km, Bifurcation Ratio (Rb) 0.9 to 6.0, Drainage Density(Dd)0.03 to 1.27, Drainage Frequency(Nf) 0.01 to 1.35km-1/ km-1, Drainage Texture( Dt) 0.005 to 4.99, Form Factor(Ff) 0.02 to 0.85, Circularity ratio (CR) 0.10 to 0.81, Elongation ratio (ER) 0.14 to 1.40, Length of overland flow(Lg) 0.08-1.95, Infiltration number (IF) 0.02-1.71, Ruggedness number(Rn) 3.68 to 112.59, Hypsometric Integral (HI) 0.22 to 0.99. The basins were found to be predominantly a dendritic system pattern, suggesting that there were no structural controls. Basins with bifurcation ratio below the threshold of 3 to 5 were less susceptible to flooding and erosion while those above are more prone with a strong structural control on the drainage pattern. Catchments with low values of infiltration number were noted to experience higher infiltration and lower surface runoff. Where form factor values are small, the basins are elongated and have low peak flow of longer duration. Whereas basins with high values have high flows of shorter duration.
Isolation and Identification of Bovine Clinical Mastitis Pathogenic Bacteria

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Dairy mastitis happens frequently in cattle farm. Because of the complicated cause and no effective therapy, it has brought the cattle farms large economic loss. A series of experiments were designed to discover the reason why the disease happen in the cattle farm.76 bacterium were isolated from 105 samples of dairy mastitis, including 58 of streptococcus agalactiae(76.32%), 18 of escherichia coli(23.68%). The result demonstrates that Streptococcus agalactiae is main bacterium causing bovine clinical mastitis, the next is escherichia coli. It is important for the prevention and cure of bovine clinical mastitis.
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Solanum nigrum L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizer to the soil is considered as good agricultural practice because it improves the fertility of the soil and plant quality. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of organic (vegetable waste, cattle dung) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK) on Solanum nigrum. The experiment was arranged in a randomized design in three replicates. Parameters assess include leaf area, height, leaf length, nutrient composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity on leaf of Solanum nigrum. The application of cattle dung and vegetable waste gave plants with the greatest plant height, leaf area and surface length. The mean values recorded for these parameters were 38±3.16, 10.5±2.18cm & 5.5±1.58cm for organic fertilizer and 36±3.14 cm 8.0±1.12cm & 4.0±1.48cm for inorganic fertilizer. Organic manuare produced higher effect on carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, vitamin c and chlorophyll content in the leaf of Solanum nigrum when compared with NPK fertilizer. Mean values recorded for the above parameters in leaf sample were 30.0±2.41, 1.93±1.93, 3.31±0.65, 2.53±0.72, 1.24±0.53mg/100g compared with values of 10.0±2.26, 1.25±1.62, 2.0±0.52, 2.26±0.80, 1.98±0.40mg/100g respectively for inorganic fertilizer. Effect of organic fertilizer in plant phytochemicals was higher than that of inorganic fertilizer. Values obtained for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and total phenol in organic treated leaf samples were 0.21±0.80, 0.9±0.53, 0.52±0.16, 0.34±0.36, 0.26±0.18mg/100g, respectively as against values of 0.2±0.32, 0.5±0.46, 0.4±0.12, 0.29±0.26, 0.8±0.14mg/100g for inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer treated plants have higher antioxidant activity than the inorganic fertilizer. Mean values recorded for leaf sample
Arithmetic oscillations of the chemical distance in long-range percolation on Zd

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a long-range percolation graph on Zd where, in addition to the nearest-neighbor edges of Zd, distinct x,y∈Zd are connected by an edge independently with probability asymptotic to β|x−y|−s, for s∈(d,2d), β>0 and |·| a norm on Rd. We first show that, for all but perhaps a countably many β>0, the graph-theoretical (a.k.a. chemical) distance between typical vertices at |·|-distance r is, with high probability as r→∞, asymptotic to ϕβ(r)(logr)Δ, where Δ−1:=log2(2d/s) and ϕβ is a deterministic, positive, bounded and continuous function subject to log-log-periodicity constraint ϕβ(rγ)=ϕβ(r) for γ:=s/(2d). The proof parallels the arguments developed in a continuum version of the model where a similar scaling was shown earlier by the first author and J. Lin. That work also conjectured that ϕβ is constant which we show to be false by proving that (logβ)Δϕβ tends, as β→∞, to a nonconstant limit that is independent of the specifics of the model. The proof reveals arithmetic rigidity of the shortest paths that maintain a hierarchical (dyadic) structure all the way to unit scales.
Robust Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Elimination for RF Shielding-Free MRI via Active EMI Sensing and Deep Learning MRI Signal Prediction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

MRI scans are commonly performed inside a fully-enclosed RF shielding room, posing stringent installation requirement and unnecessary patient discomfort. This study develops a strategy of active EMI sensing and deep learning MR signal prediction using residual U-Net for RF shielding-free MRI. We implemented it on an ultra-low-field 0.055T head MRI scanner. Our experimental results demonstrated that this strategy could directly and accurately predict EMI-free MRI signals from the signals acquired by MRI receive coil and EMI sensing coils. It worked robustly with strong and dynamically varying EMI sources, yielding significantly improved brain image quality.