jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carotid endarterectomy for the management of carotid stenosis occurring concurrently with head and neck cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Currently, most patients with concurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) and carotid stenosis (CS) are treated disjointedly for their oncologic and vascular lesions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate literature exploring a novel approach to these cases that poses several advantages, in which carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is performed simultaneously with surgical resection of HNC. Recent findings Carotid stenosis is a common comorbidity of patients presenting with head and neck cancer as these pathologies have overlapping risk factors. Adjuvant oncologic therapy such as radiation therapy to the site of the lesion is known to increase development or progression of carotid stenosis. Performing simultaneous surgical management of CS and HNC decreases total procedures for the patient, provides a less challenging surgical field, and eliminates prioritization of treatment initiation for one pathology over the other. There has been limited reporting of simultaneous CEA with oncologic resection of HNC in the literature. However, of the 21 cases reviewed here, no perioperative strokes were reported with only one perioperative death from myocardial infarction. Summary Available literature supports that simultaneous CEA with oncologic resection of HNC is safe and may offer several advantages, although larger studies are required.
Hardness Amplification and the Approximate Degree of Constant-Depth\n Circuits

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We establish a generic form of hardness amplification for the approximability\nof constant-depth Boolean circuits by polynomials. Specifically, we show that\nif a Boolean circuit cannot be pointwise approximated by low-degree polynomials\nto within constant error in a certain one-sided sense, then an OR of disjoint\ncopies of that circuit cannot be pointwise approximated even with very high\nerror. As our main application, we show that for every sequence of degrees\n$d(n)$, there is an explicit depth-three circuit $F: \\{-1,1\\}^n \\to \\{-1,1\\}$\nof polynomial-size such that any degree-$d$ polynomial cannot pointwise\napproximate $F$ to error better than\n$1-\\exp\\left(-\\tilde{\\Omega}(nd^{-3/2})\\right)$. As a consequence of our main\nresult, we obtain an $\\exp\\left(-\\tilde{\\Omega}(n^{2/5})\\right)$ upper bound on\nthe the discrepancy of a function in AC$^0$, and an\n$\\exp\\left(\\tilde{\\Omega}(n^{2/5})\\right)$ lower bound on the threshold weight\nof AC$^0$, improving over the previous best results of\n$\\exp\\left(-\\Omega(n^{1/3})\\right)$ and $\\exp\\left(\\Omega(n^{1/3})\\right)$\nrespectively.\n Our techniques also yield a new lower bound of\n$\\Omega\\left(n^{1/2}/\\log^{(d-2)/2}(n)\\right)$ on the approximate degree of the\nAND-OR tree of depth $d$, which is tight up to polylogarithmic factors for any\nconstant $d$, as well as new bounds for read-once DNF formulas. In turn, these\nresults imply new lower bounds on the communication and circuit complexity of\nthese classes, and demonstrate strong limitations on existing PAC learning\nalgorithms.\n
To Study the Craft of Making Wine of Mulberry Fruit and Squab

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To study processing craft and key technology of wine of mulberry fruit and squab, with selecting the best process conditions through test, the result indicates consumption of enzyme in solving be 2500u/g, and the best condition for mulberry fruit wine fermented be temperature 22℃, the inoculating amount 0. 20g/L, and the candy 24% .
Ultimate spectral efficiency of information transmission as thefigure of merit of host materials of EDFA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The exact ``quantum limit'' value of noise figure of EDFA in the high gain regime at quasi-two-level pumping is determined on the base of the McCumber theory. It is shown that in the unsaturated gain regime the ultimate spectral efficiency of information transmission depends on host material of EDFA and can serve as a figure of merit for comparison of host fibers.
Determinants of Demand for Foreign Tourism in Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the determinants of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia. Tourism sector is important in Indonesian economy because it is one of potential sources of foreign exchange and promotes economic growth. Decrease in number of domestic tourists is not as important as foreign ones since the later can be a potential source of foreign exchange. Model of travel cost demand for tourism is estimated using panel data, consisting of 34 countries across the globe during 2004-2013. Data were compiled from Indonesian Statistical Agency and the World Bank database. The result shows that distance is a one of significant factors that reduces the number of foreign tourists coming to Indonesia. Bomb attack reduced the number of foreign tourists. Tourists from western and ASEAN countries were more likely to visit Indonesia than others. Indonesian policy should guarantee with security to tourists to attract more arrivals
Innovative design of human pulse reappearance system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An innovative design of the pulse reappearance system is given based on TRIZ (Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems) and TOC (Theory of Constraints). In the first, the present situation of the pulse reappearance system is introduced. Then, TOC is used to find the original system's contradictions, and the contradictions can be resolved by use of TRIZ inventive principles. Finally, a new design of pulse reappearance is formed. It can reproduce different kinds of pulse condition well and provide good supports for pulse diagnosis teaching. What's more, it makes the remote pulse condition diagnosis possible.
Effects of Thermal Denaturation on Binding between Bixin and Whey Protein

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Heating is commonly used in the manufacture of dairy products, but impacts of thermal denaturation on binding between whey protein and molecules such as pigments are poorly understood. The objective of this work was to study the impacts of thermal denaturation on binding between bixin, a pigment relevant to colored cheeses, and whey proteins using several complementary techniques. Fluorescence spectroscopy data showed that heat treatment caused tryptophan in β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin to be exposed to a more polar environment, but the opposite was observed for bovine serum albumin. The fluorescence quenching study indicated that the quenching of whey protein fluorescence by bixin was static quenching, and the affinity of binding with bixin was enhanced after thermal denaturation, caused by a higher extent of unordered structures, as revealed by results from circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectra. β-Lactoglobulin was responsible for overall impacts of thermal denaturation on binding between bixin and whey protein isolate.
Face sketch recognition system: A content based image retrieval approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Content Based Image Retrieval has been one of the most popular topics in the computer vision literature. CBIR offers the opportunity to research from a huge multimedia database and with appropriate methods the relevant collections of images that have characteristics similar to the case(s) of interest. In the forensic field, CBIR has many possible uses in crime fighting and has also been investigated as a potential image-based search technology. This paper presents a new use of CBIR approach in an important application that can assist law enforcement in solving many complicated crimes. It is matching forensic sketch with digital human face or face sketch recognition system.
Modeling Hydro-Dynamics in a Harbor Area in the Daishan Island, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents an incorporation and application of a two-dimensional, unstructured-grid hydrodynamic model with a suspended sediment transport module in Daishan, China. The model is verified with field measurement data from 2017: water level, flow velocities and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). In the application on the Daishan, the performance of the hydrodynamic model has been satisfactorily validated against observed variations of available measurement stations. Coupled with the hydrodynamic model, a sediment transport model has been developed and tested. The simulations agreed quantitatively with the observations. The validated model was applied to the construction of breakwaters and docks under a different plan. The model can calculate the flow field and siltation situation under different breakwater settings. After we have analyzed the impact of existing breakwater layout schemes and sediment transport, a reasonable plan will be selected. The results show that the sea area near the north of Yanwo Shan and Dongken Shan has a large flow velocity exceeding 2.0 m/s and the flow velocity within the isobath of 5 m is small, within 0.6 m/s. According to the sediment calculation, the dock project is feasible. However, the designed width of the fairway should be increased to ensure the navigation safety of the ship according to variation characteristics of cross flow velocity in channel.
The Effect of A Visual Novel Application on Students’ Learning Motivation in Biology for Secondary School in Malaysia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research work investigates the capability of a genre of a digital game called "Grey Plague" visual novel in enhancing students' motivation in Biology. This research was driven by the situation that many systems are quite unsuccessful in teaching Biology concepts to the students. Quantitative research utilising a set of questionnaires from 30 students had been conducted. The results of the user evaluation show that the mean scores for Learning Motivation and Aesthetics were 4.762 and 4.111 respectively. Aesthetics were found positively correlated to Learning Motivation as well whereby the correlation values were 0.083. This concludes that the visual novel application motivates and stimulates Malaysian science secondary students' interest to pursue their learning in Biology.
Energy Option Pricing - Which Models Are Used?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Modern option pricing techniques are considered to be among the most mathematically complex of all applied areas of finance, although these modern techniques have their origins in work that dates back to 1877. At that time Mr Charles Castelli wrote a book The Theory of Options in Stocks and Shares. Mr Castelli's book introduced the general public to the hedging and speculation aspects of options, but lacked any usable theoretical base.KeywordsOption PriceAmerican OptionEnergy MarketStrike PriceEuropean OptionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
512 Road traffic injuries among minors in Kazakhstan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Road traffic injuries (RTI) among minors are the main problem in Public Health.

Methods

The analysis of situation with RTI among minors was carried out on the basis of official statistical data.

Results

In total 232 minors, including 19 children aged till one year died in various accidents on roads of the country in 2014. About 4,6 thousand more got various injuries. The main reasons for the road accident happening because of children is a crossing of the road in an unspecified place, unexpected emergence because of transport and other objects, and also game on the carriageway. The vast majority of road accident with participation of children is because of drivers, and every 5th road accident – because of young pedestrians. Today there are several main reasons concerning a condition of road safety. If in 2007 there were 2.5 min units of motor transport, in 2013 this figure grew to 4.1 min. Among the minor victims of road accident in Kazakhstan 89 were lost on passenger seats, thus more than a half of them – children are younger than 7 years. In most cases injured children were transported in cars with violation of the rules of transportation of children their parents. Parents drivers don't fasten them seat belts, don't use the children's holding devices and often roughly violate Traffic regulations in spite of the fact that in salon of the vehicle there are children. As a measure for decrease in children's traumatism and death of minors the amendment to the legislation according to which children till 12 years can be transported only in the presence of the special children's holding device or other means allowing to fasten the child by means of seat belts is made to road accident in Kazakhstan.

Conclusions

Situation with road traffic injuries of Kazakhstan citizen is alarming. It is necessary to increase road discipline of all participants of traffic – both drivers, and pedestrians.
[Saved by Grace] (audio)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This recording begins will Dell conducting a call and response with the congregation and prayer. He talks about Daniel in the lion’s den being saved by grace, and how grace can protect us. He reinforces this concept by telling the story of how God can protect people in a fire, where the people are inside the flames and it is cool, while the outside where the threat lies is hot and defends them. This is followed by gospel singing and a man talking about the organization of the meeting and lunch. This ends with the introduction of Brother Bivins who was saved in 1919 and he testifies about his renewal.
A Model for Identifying Steps in Undergraduate Thesis Methodology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge generation is an important asset of great economic powers, and knowledge societies are a fundamental part in the development of countries.Mexico is a country that is in the process of development and improvement of its education system, according to the Educational Reform promoted since 2012 by the Federal Government.We identified an area of opportunity at the undergraduate level to help improve the writing of students, specifically in draft theses and research proposals.This work focuses its efforts on analyzing with natural language processing techniques the "Methodology" section, an important element for the development of a thesis, that helps the reader to understand if the techniques and data used are appropriate in an investigation.This paper proposes a Model to identify a series of steps in such a section.In addition, preliminary results of a basic exploration of a collected corpus are presented, pre-processing the text to generate a representation according to Language Models.The corpus contains documents of graduate and undergraduate levels in the computer science and information technologies domain.The preliminary results showed that the information extracted from the corpus serves to adequately differentiate the methodologies of both levels.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Marine Sponge <i>Cribrochalina vasculum</i> Compounds Activate Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling and Inhibit Growth Factor Signaling Cascades in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 2: The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 was examined in NSCLC U-1810 and normal lung fibroblasts (WI-38) following 24 h and 48 h of continuous exposure using MTT assay. Cell viability is given as % of cell survival as compared to DMSO solvent treated cells. Data shown is the mean of three independent experiments {plus minus}SEM. The IC<sub>30</sub>, IC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>70</sub> concentrations are given in Supplementary Table S3.</p>
A Faster, Integrated, and Trusted Certificate Authentication and Issuer Validation System Based on Blockchain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Verifying the legitimacy of original documents such as educational degree certificates is crucial. If these are found to be fraudulent, it can cause significant disruptions in the hiring process, resulting in substantial productivity losses. The researchers suggested several proposals to preserve these certificates. However, the challenge is still to have an integrated, tamper-proof and low-cost solution where the certificate issuer and the certificate itself are validated in a single platform. This paper proposes an integrated solution that uses a decentralized blockchain-based certificate verification and issuer validation system. In addition to this, it will protect the certificates from being tampered with. To search faster, hash function mapping has been employed. The proposed solution is experimentally validated by creating a blockchain network using Ethereum where each peer node represents an entity of a certificate verification system such as a validator, certificate issuer, certificate holder and the end-user of the client. The performance of the designed solution is measured by the execution and transaction cost in terms of gas consumption. A comparative analysis has been performed on similar types of tasks reported in the existing work performed on the same platform. It has been observed that the cost incurred for adding a certificate is minimal for the proposed approach. Furthermore, the searching time for the certificates is minimized by using a hash-based searching methodology. The results show that the search time has drastically gone down when certificates are not available.
Neural Substrates of Practice Structure That Support Future Off-Line Learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Off-line learning is facilitated when motor skills are acquired under a random practice schedule and retention suffers when a similar set of motor skills are practiced under a blocked schedule. The current study identified the neural correlates of a random training schedule while participants learned a set of four-element finger sequences using their nondominant hand during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A go/no go task was used to separately probe brain areas supporting sequence preparation and production. By the end of training, the random practice schedule, relative to the block schedule, recruited a broad premotor–parietal network as well as sensorimotor and subcortical regions during both preparation and production trials, despite equivalent motor performance. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that preparation-related activity under a random schedule remained stable or increased over time. The blocked schedule showed the opposite pattern. Across individual subjects, successful skill retention was correlated with greater activity at the end of training in the ipsilateral left motor cortex, for both preparation and production. This is consistent with recent evidence that attributes off-line learning to training-related processing within primary motor cortex. These results reflect the importance of an overlooked aspect of motor skill learning. Specifically, how trials are organized during training—with a random schedule—provides an effective basis for the formation of enduring motor memories, through enhanced engagement of core regions involved in the active preparation and implementation of motor programs.
First Case of Caprellid Amphipod-hydrozoan Mutualism

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The caprellid amphipod Paracaprella tenuis Mayer is in a mutualistic relationship with the hydrozoan Bougainvillia rugosa Clark. Adult male P. tenuis aggressively displace Tenellia pallida (Alder and Hancock), a nudibranch predator of the hydroid. The aggressive displacement of the nudibranch occurs when the nudibranch crawls within a caprellid body-length of the amphipod. Hydrozoan polyps within the response area of the caprellid are protected from predation, and the rapid retreat by the nudibranch precludes polyp predation immediately following the interaction. The caprellid receives a suitable substratum and food in the form of attached diatoms and entrapped detritus.
Theoretical Modeling of Sr(q+) He (q = 0, 1, 2) van der Waals Systems Including Spin–Orbit Coupling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Using an ab initio methodology that incorporates pseudopotential technique in conjunction with pair potential approaches, core polarization potentials (CPP), large basis sets of Gaussian type, and full configuration interaction calculations, we investigate interaction of neutral and charged Srq+(q = 0,1,2) with helium atom. In this context, the core-core interaction of Sr2+-He is included using an accurately performed potential for the ground state at CCSD(T) level of calculation. Also, the potential energy curves and permanent and transition dipole moments of the ground state and numerous excited states have been performed respectively for Sr+He and SrHe systems. Subsequently, the spin-orbit effect is considered by utilizing a semiempirical method for states dissociating into Sr+(5p) + He, Sr+(6p) + He, Sr+(4d) + He, Sr+(5d) + He, Sr(5s5p) + He, and Sr(5s4d) + He. The spectroscopic constants of the Srq+(q = 0, 1, 2) He states, with and without spin-orbit interaction, are derived and assessed in comparison to the existing theoretical and experimental studies. Such comparison has revealed good agreement, especially, for the Sr+He ionic system. Additionally, the spin-orbit effect is considered for the X2Σ+ → 22Π1/2,3/2 and X2Σ+ → 32Σ1/2 + transition dipole moments for Sr+He.
Development of bio-detection and imaging circuit and system using pulse technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microwave-induced thermal imaging is currently researched on as an alternative imaging modality for cancerous tumour detection. In this project, the motivations and concepts on how thermoacoustic imaging works are presented. Secondly, an experiment to obtain thermoacoustic signals is carried out and results analysed. Thirdly, two simulations using the k-Wave MATLAB toolbox are done. One is based on the experiment and the other to model a tumour embedded in tissue.
Frankfurt-Mandibular Plane Angle and Class II Malocclusions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Complete or partially edentulous patients with a skeletal class II skeletal jaw relationship due to a skeletal etiology comprise approximately 15% of the population with the two largest sub-categories being high and low FMA groups. Occlusal relationships in skeletal class II patients are often challenging because of arch size discrepancies which limits the potential occlusal contact area, steep guidance factors which can introduce occlusal interferences, and excessive range of motion which can complicate centric relation records. FMA determination provides a structure-function basis in selecting a scheme for occlusal reconstruction and should be incorporated in the treatment planning procedure as a major adjunctive diagnostic tool. The following treatise provides background information and treatment guidelines to facilitate improved prosthetic treatment for partially and completely edentulous skeletal class II patients.
TREATMENT OF VARICOSE ULCERS WITH SILVER-COATED ADHESIVE TAPE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of silver foil in the treatment of varicose ulcers was first recommended by Ludwig Isaak ( Dermat. Wchnschr. 92 :807 [May 30] 1931). In his paper on effective treatment of various ulcers of the leg (Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 41 :530 [March] 1940) Isaak again described his technic: After the surrounding skin is protected with a thick layer of paste of zinc oxide the ulcer is covered with a few layers of thin genuine silver leaf and then with a thick layer of cotton and bandaged tightly. To my knowledge, no further publications on the use of silver foil have appeared since. The main reason that this method did not meet with the approval which it deserves seems to be the difficulty in handling the very thin and easily torn foil. The Duke Laboratories distributed a silver foil on a rigid pink cloth backing (Argentoplast, Beiersdorf), but their supply