jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
‘Next Generation Youth Well-being Study:’ understanding the health and social well-being trajectories of Australian Aboriginal adolescents aged 10–24 years: study protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as ‘Aboriginal’) adolescents (10–24 years) experience multiple challenges to their health and well-being. However, limited evidence is available on factors influencing their health trajectories. Given the needs of this group, the young age profile of the Aboriginal population and the long-term implications of issues during adolescence, reliable longitudinal data are needed. Methods and analysis The ‘Next Generation: Youth Well-being Study’ is a mixed-methods cohort study aiming to recruit 2250 Aboriginal adolescents aged 10–24 years from rural, remote and urban communities in Central Australia, Western Australia and New South Wales. The study assesses overall health and well-being and consists of two phases. During phase 1, we qualitatively explored the meaning of health and well-being for adolescents and accessibility of health services. During phase 2, participants are being recruited into a longitudinal cohort. Recruitment is occurring mainly through community networks and connections. At baseline, participants complete a comprehensive survey and undertake an extensive age relevant clinical assessment. Survey and clinical data will be linked to various databases including those relating to health services; medication; immunisation; hospitalisations and emergency department presentations; death registrations; education; child protection and corrective services. Participants will receive follow-up surveys approximately 2 years after their baseline visit. The ‘Next Generation’ study will fill important evidence gaps by providing longitudinal data on the health and social well-being of Aboriginal adolescents supplemented with narratives from participants to provide context. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approvals have been sought and granted. Along with peer-reviewed publications and policy briefs, research findings will be disseminated via reports, booklets and other formats that will be most useful and informative to the participants and community organisations.
Statistical properties of the evolution of solar magnetic fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We are making an attempt to associate the formation and evolution of active regions with the heating and flaring of the plasmas in the solar atmosphere above the active region. The working hypothesis in our review is that “active regions are open dynamical systems away from equilibrium, driven by the turbulent convection zone”. New magnetic loops emerge from the convection zone and are subject to surface diffusion (random motion), which leads to cancellation of magnetic energy when they collide with magnetic structures of opposite polarity. In the course of their evolution from birth to disappearance, active regions reach quickly the stage of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC), heat the corona by driving nano-flares, micro-flares and flares. We believe that the statistical properties of the active regions at the photosphere (size distribution, fractal dimension etc) are correlated with the statistical properties of all aspects of solar activity (Ellerman Bombs, Bright Points, flares, particle acceleration, etc). Surprisingly, all these phenomena share one common characteristic, they are self-similar and their statistical behaviour follows well defined power laws. This last point reinforces our belief that the solar atmosphere is coupled, through the magnetic field, with the convection zone, which drives all the observed activity at the photosphere, chromosphere, corona and interplanetary space.
Volatiles from Two Gymnosperm Fossils: Early Cretaceous Seed Cone of Pityostrobus spp. and Miocene Leaves of Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fifty-one and nineteen compounds were detected respectively from the volatile extracts of the fossils from Miocene leaves of metasequoia glyptostroboides and early Cretaceous seed cone of Pityostrobus spp. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. These compounds were found belonging to n-alkanes, n-alkenes, n-alkanols, long chain fatty acids and their esters, phthalates, terpenoids and aromatic compounds, and three compounds of them, abietane diterpenoid, heptadecanoic acid and retene were considered as biomarkers for gymnosperm plants.
L'adaptation de la directive communautaire du 25 juillet 1985 sur la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux en Allemagne fédérale

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On January 1, 1990 in West Germany the Produkthaftungsgesetz came into force ; this statute transforms the E.E.C. Directive on Liability for Defective Products of July 25, 1985. After giving a short overview of the current state of products liability in gênerai the article deals with the main features of the new statute. Emphasis is given to divergencies and modifications of the Produkthaftungsgesetz in relation to the E.E.C. Directive. The author doubts, however, whether the objective of the Directive, namely the harmonization of the law relating to products liability within the member states of the E.E.C, can be achieved by the Produkthaftungsgesetz.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route to Unsymmetric P‐Chirogenic Bisphosphine Ligands.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supporting Demand Supply Network Optimization with Petri Nets

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study implements a generic methodology for describing and analyzing demand supply networks, that is, networks from a company’s suppliers to its customers. There can be many possible demand supply networks with different logistics costs for a product. Therefore, we introduce a Petri Net-based formalism, and a reachability analysis based algorithm that finds the optimum demand supply network for a user-specified product structure. The method has been implemented and is currently in production use inside all Nokia business groups. It is used in demand supply planning of both network elements and handsets. An example of the method’s application to a concrete Nokia product is included.
Solvent-Driven Self-Assembly of One-Dimensional Lepidocrocite Titanium-Oxide-Based Nanofilaments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Herein, the self-assembly of one-dimensional titanium oxide lepidocrocite nanofilaments in 10 different water miscible organic solvents was investigated. The nanofilament snippets, with minimal cross sections of ∼5 × 7 Å2 and lengths around 30 nm, begin as an aqueous colloidal suspension. Upon addition, and brief mixing, of the colloidal suspension into a given solvent, a multitude of morphologies─seemingly based on the hydrophilicity and polarity of the solvent─emerge. These morphologies vary between sheets, highly networked webs, and discrete fibers, all with no apparent change in the lepidocrocite structure. On the micro- and nanoscale, the morphologies are reminiscent of biological, rather than inorganic, materials. The results of this work give insight into the self-assembly of these materials and offer new pathways for novel macrostructures/morphologies assembled from these highly adsorbent and catalytically active low-dimensional materials.
Aminoglycosides in patients with impaired renal function

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

given that of five patients with deteriorating renal function, three were on gentamicin alone and two on gentamicin plus a cephalosporin.Of the three on gentamicin alone they say, "All three patients were also suffering from transplant rejection and toxaemia, and interpretation of these results is therefore difficult."Of the two on gentamicin plus a cephalosporin they say, "Although in both cases rejection was occurring, we could not exclude nephrotoxicity."They do not present any evidence to explain why in the one situation they conclude, "attributable nephrotoxicity not observed," while in the other they conclude, "may have produced nephrotoxicity."Furthermore, in view of the accumulating evidence that gentamicin appears to be potentially more nephrotoxic than some other aminoglycosidesl-3 attention might have been drawn to the fact that, whether or not it was attributable, all five patients who showed deteriorating renal function were actually receiving gentamicin and not one of the other aminoglycosides included in the study.
The use of azimuthally polarized sinh-Gauss beam in STED microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We examine the use of azimuthally polarized sinh-Gauss beams in stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Based on the vectorial diffraction theory, the exciting and depleting fields produced by azimuthally polarized sinh-Gauss beams with different beam parameters have been presented and analyzed. The results show that azimuthally polarized sinh-Gauss beam can produce a steeper depleting pattern, and an exciting pattern without side lobes. It is thus helpful to achieve super resolution in STED microscopy.
Activities of Fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae Type II Topoisomerases Purified as Recombinant Proteins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase have been purified from a fluoroquinolone-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strain, from first-step mutants showing low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin, and from two clinical isolates showing intermediate- and high-level fluoroquinolone resistance by a gene cloning method that produces recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli . The concentrations of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, or ofloxacin required to inhibit wild-type topoisomerase IV were 8 to 16 times lower than those required to inhibit wild-type DNA gyrase. Furthermore, low-level resistance to these fluoroquinolones was entirely due to the reduced inhibitory activity of fluoroquinolones against topoisomerase IV. For all the laboratory strains, the 50% inhibitory concentration for topoisomerase IV directly correlated with the MIC. We therefore propose that with S. pneumoniae , ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin target topoisomerase IV in preference to DNA gyrase. Sitafloxacin, on the other hand, was found to be equipotent against either enzyme. This characteristic is unique for a fluoroquinolone. A reduction in the sensitivities of both topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase are required, however, to achieve intermediate- or high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae .
Relative Pronouns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The relative pronouns—when, where, who, whom, and whose—pose a thorny question. A misplaced comma with a relative pronoun can change the intended meaning of a sentence. This chapter illustrates why and when clauses with these relative pronouns get commas. For example, these sentences are correct, even though one skips the comma before the word who: “Consider initially a person who cannot remember his crime because of a mental disorder, but who otherwise has full cognitive function.” “Residents of those areas include many of Alaska’s poorest citizens, who rely on rivers for access to necessities like food and fuel.” The trick is figuring out whether the relative clause is essential or not. That is, if you cut the clause, would the sentence still work? If yes, then it needs commas to offset the non-essential detail. If no, then the clause is essential, so skip the commas.
Image segmentation using modified extended fuzzy rules

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The extended fuzzy rules for image segmentation (EFRIS) algorithm initially splits all segmented regions into mutually exclusive 4-connected objects, from which the largest one in each region is designated as its main object. A drawback of this approach is that it is less effective when the main objects are relatively small and some of the other objects are completely surrounded and connected to the main object of another region. Besides possessing insufficient merging rules, EFRIS also only considers the surrounding main objects in the original order that the regions were segmented, which is undesirable. A new general segmentation algorithm called modified extended fuzzy rules for image segmentation (MEFRIS) is presented, which addresses these problems and whose improved segmentation performance is analysed and numerically evaluated. The results are also contrasted with both the original generic fuzzy rule-based image segmentation (GFRIS) and EFRIS algorithms.
Employee perceptions regarding whistle-blowing in the workplace: A South African perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of whistle-blowing is to eradicate unethical behaviour in the work place. This article investigates the perceptions of South African employees (n=387) employed in medium and large organisations regarding whistle-blowing. Respondents regard personal viewpoints and the supportive organisational environment as determining factors for whistle-blowing. South African employees have faced minimal negative consequences and will again engage in whistle-blowing, regardless of union support. Organisations can create a whistle-blowing culture by having a personal code of ethics, using hotlines, having an ethical committee, engaging in periodic ethics training and doing an annual ethical audit.
[HOW TO PERFORM THE CONVERSION DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the work was the rationale for the choice of access in the performance of conversion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In our study, conversion was performed in 34 (2.78%) cases of 1222 laparoscopic cholecystectomies: when the LCE for chronic cholecystitis--17 (1.6%) cases of 1065, for acute cholecystitis--17 (10.8%) of 157. The most common access for conversion are oblique access Kocher and upper-middle access. Choice of approach for the implementation of the conversion depends on the cause of conversion.
PAMO University of Medical Sciences Admission form for 2022/2023 post utme form\\Tranfer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The management of PAMO University of Medical Sciences Post UTME Admission ☎️ (080)67046209 Prof FAITH Main Campus Candidates should have at least five (5) credit passes in the SSCE (WAEC/NECO) at one sitting, or six (6) credit passes at not more than 2 sittings in English Language, Mathematics and other subjects relevant to the course of study. Candidates are also to note that there are other requirements that may be specific to a College and/or a Programme
Analytical microdosimetry model for proton-induced SEU in modern devices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Analytical expressions were derived for the probability of having a secondary ion with a given linear energy transfer value following a p+Si nuclear event. Proton-induced single-event upset cross sections are calculated by integrating this probability with the heavy-ion cross section. The model yields good agreement with the measured cross sections of present device technologies. It is expected to be even better for future submicrometer devices. The approach of the new model is used for other applications like the total ionizing dose of the products of the p+Si reactions.
Early effect of thrombolysis on structural brain network organisation after anterior‐circulation stroke in the randomized WAKE‐UP trial

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The symptoms of acute ischemic stroke can be attributed to disruption of the brain network architecture. Systemic thrombolysis is an effective treatment that preserves structural connectivity in the first days after the event. Its effect on the evolution of global network organisation is, however, not well understood. We present a secondary analysis of 269 patients from the randomized WAKE‐UP trial, comparing 127 imaging‐selected patients treated with alteplase with 142 controls who received placebo. We used indirect network mapping to quantify the impact of ischemic lesions on structural brain network organisation in terms of both global parameters of segregation and integration, and local disruption of individual connections. Network damage was estimated before randomization and again 22 to 36 h after administration of either alteplase or placebo. Evolution of structural network organisation was characterised by a loss in integration and gain in segregation, and this trajectory was attenuated by the administration of alteplase. Preserved brain network organization was associated with excellent functional outcome. Furthermore, the protective effect of alteplase was spatio‐topologically nonuniform, concentrating on a subnetwork of high centrality supported in the salvageable white matter surrounding the ischemic cores. This interplay between the location of the lesion, the pathophysiology of the ischemic penumbra, and the spatial embedding of the brain network explains the observed potential of thrombolysis to attenuate topological network damage early after stroke. Our findings might, in the future, lead to new brain network‐informed imaging biomarkers and improved prognostication in ischemic stroke.
Atraumatic Failure of the DePuy Synthes Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced Fenestrated Cephalic Lag Screw

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case: Extracapsular proximal femur fractures are a common injury that can be reliably treated with cephalomedullary nailing. We present 2 cases of atraumatic DePuy Synthes Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced implant failure through cephalic lag screw fenestrations in the setting of intertrochanteric fracture. Conclusion: Fenestrated lag screws inserted without cement augmentation may be susceptible to fatigue failure. Patients with unstable fracture patterns and other risk factors for delayed healing should undergo close clinical follow-up.
[Calcium kidney stones. Diagnostic and preventive prospects].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kidney stone disease is one of the main causes of hospitalization in Italy. Its prevalence increased in the last century and is probably still increasing. The pathogenesis of the disease is not known, although two main theories have been elaborated. The first hypothesizes that hydroxyapatite deposition in the interstitium of the renal papillae (Randall's plaque) precedes urinary calcium oxalate precipitation on the ulcered surface of the papilla to form a stone. The second presumes the tubular lumen of Bellini's duct to be the site where calcium-oxalate salts precipitate to form the nucleus for stone formation within the urinary tract. These pathogenetic processes may be favored by different dietary and genetic factors. The genes involved are not known, although many studies have been performed. Polymorphisms of genes coding for the vitamin D receptor, calcium-sensing receptor, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and urokinase were found to be associated with kidney stones, but these results have not been replicated. Different nutrients are suspected to predispose patients to calcium kidney stone disease. A high intake of animal proteins, sodium, vitamin C and oxalate has been implicated in stone formation, whereas calcium, alkalis and phytate may have a protective effect. The prevention of calcium stone formation is based on the recognition of risk factors like those already mentioned here. Furthermore, a family history of kidney stones may be useful in identifying subjects predisposed to become calcium stone formers. However, the expectations of the scientific community are turned to the advances in genetics and to the findings of genetic studies, which may provide diagnostic tools and criteria to define the risk profile of the single individual.
RESEARCH Open Access Identification of plasma microRNAs as a biomarker of sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which leads to the loss of upper and lower motor neurons, with a currently unknown etiology. Specific biomarkers could help in early detection and diagnosis, and could also act as indicators of disease progression and therapy effectiveness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (18–25 nucleotides), single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression, and are essential for nervous system development. Many of the genes associated with genetic ALS have pathological biological pathways related to RNA metabolism, and their pathogenesis may be affecting the maturing processes of miRNA. Results: We compared miRNA from the plasma of sALS patients and healthy controls using two cohorts; a discovery cohort analyzed with microarray (16 sALS patients and ten healthy controls) and a validation cohort confirmed with qPCR (48 sALS patients, 47 healthy controls and 30 disease controls). We measured the total amount of extracted RNA along with a spike-in control that ensured the quality of our quantification. A percentage of the 10–40 nt RNAs extracted from the total RNA showed a significant increase in ALS patients. There was a negative correlation between total RNA concentration and disease duration from onset to end point. Three of the miRNAs were up-regulated and six were down-regulated significantly in the discovery cohort. Since an internal
Studies on the mode of tangential migration of developing GABAergic neurons, with special reference to their birthdate

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Appropriate arrangement of neurons in the cerebral cortex during development is important to establish higher functions in adulthood such as learning and memory. During development, neurons migrate from their born site to their final destination. There are excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons in the cerebral cortex. These two types of neurons migrate with each characteristic mode of migration. Projection neurons are born in the ventricular zone and migrate radially to their final position in the cerebral cortex, whereas GABAergic neurons are born in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and migrate tangentially to the cortex. The mode of tangential migration seems to be more complicated than that of radial migration. There seems to be lack of detailed information about the mode of tangential migration. In the present study, we examined mode of tangential migration of developing GABAergic neurons which were destined to be cortical GABAergic neurons, with special reference to their birth date, by using BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine, which is incorporated into cells of mitotic phase) labeling