jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ventilator-induced injury: from barotrauma to biotrauma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mechanical ventilation is an indispensable tool in the management of respiratory and ventilatory failure. However, ventilation per se may also initiate or exacerbate lung injury, contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. In this review, we examine the current mechanisms of ventilator-induced injury including those that primarily involve physical disruption of the lung, as well as those more recently described that involve cell- and inflammatory-mediator-induced injury. The latter have received attention of late because of the possible systemic sequelae such as multiple system organ failure, the primary cause of death of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although much remains to be elucidated about the mechanisms of ventilator-induced injury, it is hoped that novel approaches addressing both the physiologic as well as molecular effects of ventilation will lead to innovative therapeutic approaches that improve patient outcome.
Toward Targeting Antiapoptotic MCL-1 for Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Apoptosis is critical for embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and the removal of infected or otherwise dangerous cells. It is controlled by three subgroups of the BCL-2 protein family—the BH3-only proteins that initiate cell death; the effectors of cell killing, BAX and BAK; and the antiapoptotic guardians, including MCL-1 and BCL-2. Defects in apoptosis can promote tumorigenesis and render malignant cells refractory to anticancer therapeutics. Activation of cell death by inhibiting antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members has emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy, with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax leading the way. Large-scale cancer genome analyses have revealed frequent amplification of the locus encoding antiapoptotic MCL-1 in human cancers, and functional studies have shown that MCL-1 is essential for the sustained survival and expansion of many types of tumor cells. Structural analysis and medicinal chemistry have led to the development of three distinct small-molecule inhibitors of MCL-1 that are currently undergoing clinical testing.
British girls' comics: An interview with Wilf Prigmore

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Writer and editor Wilf Prigmore worked at Fleetway/IPC in the 1970s. He was group editor for Girls' Adventure Comics, co-creator of Misty (1978–80) and editor of Tammy (1971–84), amongst many other roles. The following interview is taken from conversations with Wilf by telephone, e-mail and in person, between November 2016 and December 2019.
A Bayesian paradigm in a large class of Lévy-driven CARMA models for high frequency data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Continuous-time time series are widely used for modeling the realizations of those phenomena where it is theoretically possible to have observation at any point of the sampling domain. However, technical restrictions cause to see the realizations of such processes as discrete-time sample paths. We project time-domain observations into frequency-domain periodograms and employ the Whittle's likelihood approximation to make the inference about the parameters of CARMA processes. The inference is given under the Bayesian paradigm and some scenarios about the prior distributions are discussed. We show that our proposed estimator is robust for a large family of Lévy-driven distributed noises under some mild conditions. The Bayes estimates of parameters are obtained using a fast MCMC algorithm and they are examined numerically for the non-informative priors. The mean squared errors of the presented estimates are also compared to two other likelihood-based estimators, numerically. We also examine the performance of this Bayes estimate in prediction procedure of exchange rate data as a real dataset.
Impacts of Garlic Mustard Invasion on a Forest Understory Community

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract To assess the community-level responses of a New England forest to invasion by the Eurasian biennial Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), we conducted a vegetation census at twenty-four plots ranging from low to high invasive cover, and experimentally removed 0, 50, or 100% of garlic mustard from adjacent highly invaded plots at the same study site. Species richness did not respond to natural or experimental levels of invasion, but the Shannon diversity and equitability indices declined with increasing in situ densities of garlic mustard, and increased in response to removal of garlic mustard at the experimental plots. Individual species demonstrated variable responses to high-, intermediate-, and low-level invasion. Of all plant functional groups, tree seedlings declined most notably with increasing in situ levels of invasion. This functional group, and seedlings of three key canopy tree species within the group, increased in response to partial, but not full eradication of garlic mustard. Our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of full or partial removal depends on management priorities for promoting overall diversity, species richness, native species composition, and/or individual species performance within native communities.
Finite element and regression analysis for improving Terzaghi’s, Meyerhof’s, Hansen’s and Vesic’s bearing capacity methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The bearing capacity of shallow foundations is one of the major fields in soil mechanics and foundation engineering. Since 1943, when Terzaghi suggested his famous equation with the three N-factors, several dozens of bearing capacity methods for centrically-vertically loaded strip footings have been proposed in the literature, mainly focusing on refining the Nγ factor. However, the methods proposed by Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen and Vesic remain by far the most popular ones, with the last one to be component of many contemporary design codes. In this paper, the author put these four methods into extensive comparison against the finite element method. A common characteristic of the results is the great scatter of values, while none of these methods seems to be superior to the others. The regression analysis carried out by the author, however, clearly showed that it is not Nγ that prevents us from having a reliable analytical prediction for the bearing capacity of (strip) footings. Instead, all methods need a) to get rid of all original depth factors and b) calibration against the Df⁄B parameter (use of the same parameter for all three N-factors). In this respect, the author calibrated these methods applying (both non-linear and linear) regression analysis. Generally, the performance of all these methods was significantly improved after using a suitably calibrated term of the form (const_1+ const_2∙Df⁄B), as multiplier in front of the original, but naked from the depth factors, bearing capacity formula. Finally, the author offered corrected expressions for the four methods mentioned above, not only for the case of rigid footings but also for the case of flexible footings, as regression analysis was also carried out against the respective finite element results. In addition to the above it is mentioned that, in the calibration procedure against finite element analysis, the author considered the non-associated flow rule (ψ=0°). As known, an analysis with a non-associated flow rule is more representative of the actual soil behavior, while it is on the safe side.
‘Put Right Under’: Obstetric Violence in Post-war Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper takes the personal narratives of Canadian mothers and fathers as a starting point to examine the broader state of obstetrics in post-war Canada. As natural childbirth ideologies attracted growing North American attention from the mid-1940s onwards, an increasing number of Canadians sought less-medicalised births. Despite these desires, anaesthetisation—often without consent and contrary to the expressed wishes of the labouring woman—remained a mainstay of obstetric practice, and was used to prevent 'untimely' deliveries beyond a physician's control. A growing group of Canadians spoke out against the ongoing use of this strategy, and, in voicing their support for natural childbirth, drew attention to the various types of abuse and mistreatment (both physical and psychological) that expectant mothers received at the hands of medical professionals. Professional tensions sustained a particular culture of harm in Canadian obstetric practice throughout the post-war period.
[The schizophrenic patient and his body: remarks on the psychosomatic economy of dissociative psychoses].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

For schizophrenic patients, memory and desire are not bodily experiences. Mnemonic traces can be mobilized only at the cost of acute psychotic disintegration of the Self. This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the Ego structure, the narcissistic economy and psychotic defenses (denial, splitting) as a psychosomatic the organization. Indeed, during somatic illness we observe a reintegration of the body as the hinge between emotional and symbolic aspects of subjective experience. The author suggests that the psychosomatic viewpoint is particularly useful in understanding the clinical evolution of schizophrenia, in psychotherapeutic management of transference and in the elaboration of psychiatric care policies for such patients.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Carcinoma of Cervix Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The crucial factor that plays important role in diagnosis and prompt treatment management of cervical cancer is staging. To stage cervical carcinoma Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered to be the most accurate and gold standard diagnostic tool. Objective: The aim of the present study was to elaborate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in correlation with Histopathological Examination (HPE). Methods: The 53 patients diagnosed with cervical carcinoma attending the gynecology department of hospital from May 2021 to April 2022 were included in the study. Those patients who had undergone the abdomen and pelvis MRI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The MRI and histopathological examination not only help in staging of cancer but also consider valuable in tracking tumor location, size and extension. The retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and involvement of the tumor to the adjacent areas was also evaluated by the study. Staging of all patient was done according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FIGO standards. Findings of MRI and HPE were assessed. For statistical evaluation of data, the SPSS version 22.0 was used. For quantitative variables the values were represented as mean with standard deviations. Results: The 54.46±9.29 years was the calculated mean age. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in almost 46 patients (87.5% cases). Stage IB carcinoma was diagnosed in almost 47.91% cases. Pelvic lymphadenopathy was observed in 8.34% cases, while metastasis of pelvic nodal lymph was observed in 4.16% cases on the HPE. Conclusion: Malignant diseases require early and accurate tool for their diagnosis. For identification of cancer stage and better planning of treatment of cervical carcinoma the highly non-invasive modality MRI can be used. With the advents in MR imaging, it is considered as gold standard diagnostic tool with better sensitivity, specificity and high accuracy for cervical carcinoma.
Discovery of Hordenine as a Potential Inhibitor of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 3: Implication in Lung Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Design and development of potential pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) inhibitors have gained attention because of their possible therapeutic uses in lung cancer therapy. In the present study, the binding affinity of naturally occurring alkaloids, hordenine, vincamine, tryptamine, cinchonine, and colcemid was measured with PDK3. The molecular docking and fluorescence binding studies suggested that all these compounds show a considerable binding affinity for PDK3. Among them, the affinity of hordenine to the PDK3 was excellent (K = 106 M−1) which was further complemented by isothermal titration calorimetric measurements. Hordenine binds in the active site pocket of PDK3 and forms a significant number of non-covalent interactions with functionally important residues. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study suggested that the PDK3-hordenine complex is stabilized throughout the trajectory of 100ns and leads to fewer conformational changes. The enzyme inhibition studies showed that hordenine inhibits the activity of PDK3 with an IC50 value of 5.4 µM. Furthermore, hordenine showed a cytotoxic effect on human lung cancer cells (A549 and H1299) with an admirable IC50 value. However, it did not inhibit the growth of HEK293 cells up to 200 µM, indicating its non-toxicity to non-cancerous cell lines. In summary, our findings provide the basis for the therapeutic implication of hordenine and its derivatives in lung cancer and PDK3-related diseases after required in vivo validation.
Assessing the Relationship Between Student and Faculty Perceptions of Student Engagement at Central Mountain College

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study compared the perceptions of students versus faculty at Central Mountain College with regard to the issue of student engagement. Central Mountain College participated in the Community College Survey of Student Engagement and the Community College Faculty Survey of Student Engagement during the spring semesters of 2009, 2011, and 2013. The institution was provided with aggregate results from these survey administrations by the Center for Community College Student Engagement. Prior to this study, the survey results had not been accumulatively evaluated by the institution.\nThe study aimed to determine areas where there was congruence and incongruence between the students and the faculty so as to be able to target problem areas for improvement and to reinforce successful practices. A descriptive analysis of the survey results was conducted utilizing a framework known as the Crosswalk Tool which was produced by the Center for Community College Student Engagement. A report of institutional activities that coincided with the timing of the survey administration, and which could have had impacts on student and faculty perceptions was also prepared.\nThe study found little variation within student and faculty perceptions of student engagement during the three survey administrations. Despite significant physical changes to campus, and organizational changes to the institution, there appeared to be minimal impact to the two groups’ perceptions of what was taking place in the classroom. Areas of disagreement centered on student effort and involvement in their learning. These differences in perspectives highlight the need for more open communication between faculty and students, and expectations that are made clearer and more attainable to students. The study also suggested that more collaboration and congruence between the expectations of the K-12 system and higher education institutions would ease the transition to college and perhaps improve student engagement. Faculty may need to complete additional training in the area of classroom management and student success initiatives to enhance the level of engagement in their classrooms.\nAdvisor: Jody Isernhagen
Management of the Work Environment to Reduce Blood Lead (BLL) Levels in the Assay Laboratory

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Assay Laboratory in PT Freeport Indonesia's Concentrating Division, especially for conducting fire assay. Litharge (lead oxide) is a reagent used to test mineral levels; the content of precious metals is called Au. Although lead exposure is low, prolonged exposure to lead could accumulate in the human system, resulting in poisoning or toxicity. This study aimed to determine the effect of work environment management in assay laboratories on reducing blood lead levels during fire assay analysis. This research is a quantitative cohort study. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques are used in different tests. Data collection was conducted using laboratory tests to take blood samples once a year regularly for every worker working in the assay laboratory. Based on the results of the different tests, a T value of 5,638 was obtained with a Sig value of 0.011 (α˂5%), so it can be concluded that there was a decrease in blood Pb levels in workers before and after managing the work environment. Recommended exposure standards are floor exposure values for laboratories (other than fire test laboratories) not to exceed 2.2 mg/m2 (200 μg/ft2) and surface in dining areas not to exceed 0.43 mg/m2 (40 μg/ft2). Improving working environment conditions by procuring a laundry system and lockers, procuring more than one laboratory coat, procuring sinks in every corner of the laboratory, and having special soap for washing hands has proven to be able to reduce Pb exposure rates in assay laboratories from 2019 to 2022.
Small Enterprises in ASEAN: Need for regional co-operation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most conspicuously missing from the list of ASEAN co-operation programmes and institu tions to date is a programme for co-operation in the development of small enterprises and an institutional mechanism to encourage such co operation. No doubt suggestions for such co operation might have been made at the numer ous meetings of the Committee on Industry, Minerals and Energy (COIME), but for vari ous reasons these suggestions have neither been seriously considered nor adopted. Thus one finds that, although ASEAN co-operation has been instituted in various schemes and organizations, there is still no form of co operation in the development of small enter prises. Consequently, the outside observer may be pardoned for thinking that small enter prises are an insignificant element in the ASEAN economies or that such enterprises do not have any vital role to play in ASEAN economic co-operation. The truth is just the reverse. In fact, the major objective of this paper is to highlight the extent and importance of small enterprises in the ASEAN region and to explain how closer ASEAN co-operation can help to promote these enterprises for the benefit of the ASEAN economies. This paper will also examine some of the constraints facing ASEAN small enterprises and conclude with a plea for the establishment of an ASEAN Small Enterprise Centre to provide them with assis tance. The scope of discussion in this paper will cover the ASEAN countries, with the excep tion of Brunei because there is no known study of small enterprises in that country. Further more, the discussion will be confined to small enterprises in the manufacturing sector, be cause non-manufacturing small enterprises are quite different in their characteristics and prob lems. Moreover, the manufacturing sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the ASEAN region, and all the ASEAN countries aspire to become industrialized by the year 2000.
Determination of nitrite in blood by gas chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

血液中の亜硝酸塩の簡便で,精度の良好な定量法について検討した.それは亜硝酸とヒドララジンを酸性下で60℃, 5分間反応させることによりテトラゾロフタラジンを生成させ,トルエンで抽出後, 3%OV-225カラムを使用し,電子捕獲型検出器付きガスクロマトグラフィー(ECD-GC)により測定した.この結果,亜硝酸性窒素として(0.15～3.0)ng/mlで直線性を有し,ヒトプラズマを用いた添加回収実験の平均は,亜硝酸性窒素量0.05μg, 0.1μg及び0.5μg添加でそれぞれ91.0%, 96.8%及び96.5%で変動係数はいずれも5%以内であった.本法の検出限界は0.3ppbである.血液中の妨害物はアルミナカラムの使用で除去され,又,テトラゾロフタラジン生成にFe2+,S2-及びSO32-などのイオンの外は影響されない。本法は血液中亜硝酸の定量に十分応用できる.
In Shortly about Orthopedic Biomaterials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Biocompatible materials are materials that are applied in contact with human tissue. They are most often used to replace or upgrade bone parts in the human body that are damaged as a result of disease. The most important requirements that the material for making orthopedic implants must meet are biocompatibility and durability. Biocompatibility implies that the organism accepts a foreign body without problems.
CT-Based Fagotti Scoring System for Non-Invasive Prediction of Cytoreduction Surgery Outcome in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Central tumor burden and upper abdominal spread features on preoperative CT were identified as distinct predictive factors for high PIV on diagnostic laparoscopy. The CT-based PIV prediction model might be useful for patient stratification before cytoreduction surgery for advanced ovarian cancer.
Medical quality in Bangladesh.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper focuses on an effective, sustainable system of assuring medical quality in clinical services in Bangladesh. Over time, Bangladesh was able to sustain high quality services by shifting its focus from monitoring quality in individual sites to supporting medical monitoring on the national, district, and local levels. It is evident that from 1974 up to the present through the combined effort between the government and nongovernmental organizations, Bangladesh had gone a long way of achieving high quality services. Activities such as those of the Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception (AVSC) are discussed; the way in which the AVSC works with the Bangladesh government to help maintain quality in all sites where family planning methods are delivered. The AVSC, in collaboration with Bangladesh Association for Voluntary Sterilization, established a medical monitoring system. This system consisted of mobile teams of foreign experts evolved into the Family Planning Clinical Supervision Teams.
Running Away from Parents'Hometown： Space Experience & Female Subject Construction of An Qi's Poetry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article intends to take the poems of An Qi, a contemporary Chinese female poet, as an example to discuss the situation of women and the mood of migrating to the North while she moved from Zhangzhou, Fujian to Beijing. An Qi, whose real name is Huang Jiangbing, was born in 1969, from Zhangzhou, Fujian. She originally worked in Zhangzhou Cultural Bureau and moved from Zhangzhou to Beijing in 2002. Then she settled in Beijing and specialized in writing. An Qi claimed that there was an inherent poetry driving force pushed her from Zhangzhou to Beijing. Because she was not satisfied with her own achievements, she abandoned everything and developed in Beijing. The early style of An Qi's poems is soft and beautiful but it made a major turning point when she left her hometown to Beijing. It prompted her to actively think about the role of women. Therefore, in her later works, she showed concern about the fate and situation of women, and she also has a clear feminine consciousness to reconstruct the feminine subject.An Qi’s three collections of poems just form a flowing history of her life. It represents the records of her moving from Zhangzhou to Beijing, living in Beijing, and go and back from Zhangzhou to Beijing－－ “You can’t imitate my life" is a collection of long poems, chronicling her painful journey away from home and relatives , and abandoned the marriage. "Polar Land" is a collection of short poems that reflects her life in Beijing. There are traces of struggling to make a decision, as well as running for life, which has become the aspiration of the migrating to the North. And "Parents’ Country" records her feelings about her hometown and relatives, which reveals homesickness and the feeling of having to leave. Through these three collections of poems, we can glimpse the changes in the spatial experience and creative consciousness in An Qi's poems, as well as to understand the awakening and development of the creative consciousness of female Chinese writers in the new century, and to foresee a new literary landscape.