jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peer Review #2 of "Holothuriophilus trapeziformis Nauck, 1880 (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico: taxonomic revision based on integrative taxonomy (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background.Holothuriophilus trapeziformis Nauck, 1880 is a holothurian-dweller pinnotherid crab representing one of the two species of the genus distributed along the Pacific coast of Mexico and Chile, respectively.While the parasitic ecological interaction with its host is well established, the morphology of the male remains unknown, and DNA information for the species is not available.Furthermore, the only morphological trait separating both species of the genus is subjective and corresponds to the presence or absence of a gap between the fingers of the chelae.Our goal is to complete and clarify the taxonomic status of H. trapeziformis and describe the male morphology with the use of the integrative taxonomy, providing additional characters to differentiate this species.Methods.We collected new biological material in the Pacific coast of Mexico including the topotypes.We also reviewed material from national collections to integrate morphology (based on a complete and detailed description and illustration of the species using light microscopy), ecological data (based on the identification of the host and the place where it was located within the host), and the mtCOI gene information (commonly known as DNA barcode) to differentiate Holothuriophilus trapeziformis from other related crabs.Results.This species presents marked sexual dimorphism only in the primary sexual characters.For the first time we describe morphological variability of traditionally stable characters.In addition to the gap between the fingers of the chelae, Holothuriophilus trapeziformis differs from H. pacificus (Poeppig, 1836) by their ornamentation, the shape of the male abdomen, and the gonopod.COI distance divergence was >3% between both Holothuriophilus species forming a clear clade.DNA barcoding indicates only one taxon, with a maximum divergence of 2.2%.All the specimens have the same Barcode Index Number (BIN; BOLD: ADE9974).All the hosts for H. trapeziformis were identified as Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata Semper, 1868; the presence
A pattern based approach to separate tangled concerns in component based development.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work builds on aspect-oriented software development ideas and our previous research where we lift the abstraction level of visual component based development. In component based development, the components are the natural unit of modularization. However, there will always be concerns that cannot be confined to one single component. We introduce composition adapters as a means to modularize crosscutting concerns in separate and reusable entities. A composition adapter describes an adaptation of the interaction protocol between a set of components. An important feature of a composition adapter is that the adaptations are described independent of a concrete API, making them highly reusable. Using composition adapters, we are able to weave crosscutting aspects in a component based application. The weaving algorithm uses automata theory to allow the state-based insertion of a composition adapter into the interaction protocol. This allows a seamless integration with our component based methodology. We embedded composition adapters and our algorithms into PacoSuite, a visual component composition tool that is used in our lab as a research vehicle. PacoSuite hides the underlying complexity to the component composer, rendering an easy to use visual component based development environment that includes now aspect separation features through composition adapters.
Productivity and adaptability parameters of triticale for green feed in the steppe part of the Rostov region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The goal of the breeding program is to develop a variety with high productivity potential, capable of realizing this potential in a wide range of environmental conditions. The purpose of the work was to establish the features of the formation of the green forage crop, to estimate the adaptability of varieties and its individual parameters in the conditions of the steppe part of the Rostov region. The climate of the territory was arid, with uneven precipitation and frequent dry winds. The soil cover is represented by southern medium-deep clayey blackearth. The objects of the study were 6 winter varieties of feed triticale of the own breeding. The varieties were sown according to two forecrops, such as weedfree fallow to identify potential productivity opportunities, and millet to determine the capabilities of the variety in conditions close to production. There was found that the largest share of the effect on productivity range was of environmental conditions, 89.0 %, and only 4.6 % of the effect of the variety. The largest mean productivity over the years of study was formed by the variety ‘Styuard’ (90.1; maximum 104.5 t/ha) when laid in fallow, and the variety ‘Bemol 20’ (51.6; maximum 67.1 t/ha) when sown after millet. Green mass productivity is closely related to a number of stems per 1 m2 (r = 0.81). There was determined that during the studying period of green mass, stem stand per 1m2 ranged from 801 (‘Tornado’) to 954 pieces (‘Bemol 20’). By this period stem reduction of the varieties ‘Tornado’, ‘Styuard’, ‘Ariozo’ and ‘Bemol 20’ was 13–16 %, that of the varieties ‘Argo’ and ‘Agraf’ 26 % and 4 % respectively. The productivity range of the varieties when sown in fallow varied from 9.9 % (‘Ariozo’) to 19.5 % (‘Bemol 20’), it was twice as high when sown after millet, from 19.3 (‘Bemol 20’) to 30.3 % (‘Styuard’). Analysis of the adaptability parameters of the studied varieties allowed a comprehensive estimation of the adaptive properties of the varieties. Thus, the variety ‘Agraf’ had rank 1 in terms of stability (S2), ‘Styuard’ in terms of maximum productivity and genetic flexibility (GF), ‘Bemol 20’ in terms of average productivity in the entire set of environments, adaptation coefficient (AC). According to the sum of ranks of the main quantitative and qualitative indicators of adaptability, the variety ‘Argo’ was the best one (sum of ranks 20), with rank 1 for stress resistance (SR), homeostaticity (Hom), and breeding value of the genotype (Sc and GBVi).
Dynamics of colliding branes and black brane production

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the dynamics of colliding domain walls including self-gravity. The initial data is set up by applying a BPS domain wall in five-dimensional supergravity, and we evolve the system determining the final outcome of collisions. After a collision, a spacelike curvature singularity covered by a horizon is formed in the bulk, resulting in a black brane with trapped domain walls. This is a generic consequence of collisions, except for non-relativistic weak field cases, in which the walls pass through one another or multiple bounces take place without singularity formation. These results show that incorporating the self-gravity drastically changes a naive picture of colliding branes.
Regulation of cell proliferation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cysts primarily in the kidneys. Mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes are the underlying cause of ADPKD. It is a systemic disorder and some of the extra-renal manifestations include polycystic liver, cerebral aneurysms, cardiac valve abnormalities and hypertension. Progressive cyst formation and renal enlargement lead to renal insufficiency in these patients which need to be managed by life-long dialysis or renal transplantation. Epithelial cell proliferation and fluid secretion are two hallmark features of PKD. Cux1 is a homeobox gene involved in cell cycle regulation during kidney development. In the developing mouse kidney, Cux1 is highly expressed in the nephrogenic zone where developing nephrons are present. Cux1 regulates the cell cycle by transcriptional repression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27, thereby increasing cell proliferation. As kidney development ceases, Cux1 is downregulated and adult kidneys show only low levels of Cux1. Cux1 is ectopically expressed in several mouse models of PKD, as well as, in ADPKD patients. Cux1 transgenic mice which overexpress Cux1 develops multiorgan hyperplasia including kidney hyperplasia, but they do not develop PKD. This suggests that the overexpression of Cux1 and the resultant increase in cell proliferation is not sufficient to cause PKD. In this particular study, we addressed the hypothesis that Cux1 is required for cystogenesis and/or cyst progression in ADPKD. Results from our mouse model which carries a collecting duct specific deletion in the Pkd1 gene (Pkd1CD) and a homozygous deletion in the Cux1 gene shows that the complete loss of Cux1 results in slowing the cyst initiation process. Moreover, a reduction in the gene dosage of Cux1 in Pkd1CD mice led to a slow progression of PKD resulting in the amelioration of the disease. The complete loss of the Cux1 gene and a reduction in its gene dosage mediated its effects by the de-repression of the p27 gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation. These studies point towards the importance of cell proliferation in the pathogenesis of PKD and show that Cux1 is required for cyst progression in ADPKD.
The effects of a protein osmolyte on the stability of the integral membrane protein glycerol facilitator

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Osmolytes are naturally occurring molecules used by a wide variety of organisms to stabilize proteins under extreme conditions of temperature, salinity, hydrostatic pressure, denaturant concentration, and desiccation. The effects of the osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as well as the influence of detergent head group and acyl chain length on the stability of the Escherichia coli integral membrane protein glycerol facilitator (GF) tetramer to thermal and chemical denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are reported. TMAO promotes the association of the normally tetrameric α-helical protein into higher order oligomers in dodecyl-maltoside (DDM), but not in tetradecyl-maltoside (TDM), lyso-lauroylphosphatidyl choline (LLPC), or lyso-myristoylphosphatidyl choline (LMPC), as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS); an octameric complex is particularly stable as indicated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. TMAO increases the heat stability of the GF tetramer an average of 10 °C in the 4 detergents and also protects the protein from denaturation by SDS. However, it did not promote re-association to the tetramer when added to SDS-dissociated protein. TMAO also promotes the formation of rod-like detergent micelles, and DLS was found to be useful for monitoring the structure of the protein and the redistribution of detergent during thermal dissociation of the protein. The protein is more thermally stable in detergents with the phosphatidylcholine head group (LLPC and LMPC) than in the maltoside detergents. The implications of the results for osmolyte mechanism, membrane protein stability, and protein–protein interactions are discussed.
Spatial clusters and determinants of the high incidence of diarrhea in children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diarrhea is a sickness that typically affects toddlers and can cause severe dehydration and death if not treated immediately and effectively. Diarrhea cases in children under five are still highly prevalent in West Java, particularly in regions with poor access to sanitary facilities and clean water. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial clusters and contributing variables associated with the high rate of diarrhea in children under five in West Java. The method used in this research is Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR) which considers geographical location in the analysis. The study revealed that several factors have a significant impact on the number of diarrhea cases among children under five in West Java. These include the percentage of clean and healthy living behaviors, access to adequate sanitation, poverty level, population density, percentage of infants under six months of age exclusively breastfed, percentage of complete basic immunization, ratio of public health center facilities, and the ratio of general practitioners. Detection results using Flexibility Shaped Spatial Scan Statistics show that there are several areas that require special priority treatment, namely Cirebon City, Bogor Regency, Cianjur Regency, Bandung Regency, Garut Regency, Subang Regency, Bogor City, Depok City and Cimahi City.
Macroevolution of dimensionless life history metrics in tetrapods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Life history traits represent organisms’ strategies to navigate the fitness trade-offs between survival and reproduction. Eric Charnov developed three dimensionless metrics to quantify fundamental life history trade-offs. Lifetime reproductive effort (LRE), relative reproductive lifespan (RRL), and relative offspring size (ROS), together with body mass, can be used to classify life history strategies across the four major classes of tetrapods: amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. First, we investigate how the metrics have evolved in concert with body mass. In most cases, we find evidence for correlated evolution between body mass and the three metrics. Second, we compare life history strategies across the four classes of tetrapods and find that LRE, RRL, and ROS delineate a space in which the major tetrapod classes occupy mostly unique subspaces. These distinct combinations of life history strategies provide us with a framework to understand the impact of major evolutionary transitions in energetics, physiology, and ecology.
Figure S1 from Wedelolactone, an Anti-inflammatory Botanical, Interrupts c-Myc Oncogenic Signaling and Synergizes with Enzalutamide to Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1-chemical structures of Wedelolactone and Enzalutamide.</p>
Differentiable Rendering of Neural SDFs through Reparameterization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a method to automatically compute correct gradients with respect to geometric scene parameters in neural SDF renderers. Recent physically-based differentiable rendering techniques for meshes have used edge-sampling to handle discontinuities, particularly at object silhouettes, but SDFs do not have a simple parametric form amenable to sampling. Instead, our approach builds on area-sampling techniques and develops a continuous warping function for SDFs to account for these discontinuities. Our method leverages the distance to surface encoded in an SDF and uses quadrature on sphere tracer points to compute this warping function. We further show that this can be done by subsampling the points to make the method tractable for neural SDFs. Our differentiable renderer can be used to optimize neural shapes from multi-view images and produces comparable 3D reconstructions to recent SDF-based inverse rendering methods, without the need for 2D segmentation masks to guide the geometry optimization and no volumetric approximations to the geometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylselenyl Halides: Efficient Reagents for the Selective Halogenation and Nitration of Porphyrins.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hodgkin-Huxley-Based Neural Simulation with Networks Connecting to Near-Neighbor Neurons

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Neural simulation is a very useful methodology for improving our understanding of the functions of brains, and expected to be applied to a number of practical applications related to autonomous systems and machines. However, computation time required for biophysically-meaningful simulation is often the limiting factor to mimic the large-scale neural network even if we implement custom hardware simulators on FPGAs. To overcome this issue, we focus on the spatial network connectivity of biological neurons and attempt to design a truly dataflow pipeline on FPGAs aiming at real-time Hodgkin-Huxley based simulation against more than 10,000 neurons. We implement our design on Xilinx Alveo U200 with HLS toolchains provided by Maxeler. From the results of evaluation, we find that mapping locality of neurons to the network connecting only to neighboring ones dramatically contributes to reducing the overheads for accumulation at the gap junction calculation. We demonstrate that our accelerator design can perform real-time simulation of network consisting 20736 neurons, which is 66.8 times larger than the existing implementation.
Modeling and Motion Analysis of a Mobile Inverted Pendulum Considering a Change of Slope Angle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A mobile inverted pendulum (MIP) draws attention as a next-generation energy saving vehicle especially for urban life because it is energy-efficient to transport a person and has a small footprint. It is important for the MIP to run safely on various types of roads. However, there are few studies on the MIP considering slopes or steps. We focus on a change of slope angle and aim to improve safety when the MIP runs on such a road. To achieve this goal, a simulation model of the MIP which runs on a road with a change of slope angle is constructed. This simulation model introduces constraint contact formulation to consider change of a contact point between the wheel and the ground. Motion of the MIP is analyzed when it runs up or down the road. The results of the analyses indicate differences of motion caused by running velocity and feedback gains. Based on the results, we show the existence of the feedback gain which has good controlled performance focusing on behavior of pendulum angle, acceleration of human body and running velocity, and the guideline of control system design considering running on a road with a change of slope angle.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN UPAYA PREVENTIF KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Elderly is defined as a person who is over 60 years of age. Elder is someone who is more than 60 years old. Hipertensi often terjadi without any symptoms. This condition make a bigger the risk of stroke, heart Ace and kidney there are several things that are needed by people with hipertention such as support from the family whichis provide in the form of material, information, advice and real assistance. The purpose of this research to analyze the relationship between family support and preventive measures against the incidence of hypertension in the elderly in the South Purwokerto Health Center area. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive design and cross sectional approach. The population in this study were elderly 60 years old and over in the working area of ??the Puskesmas south Purwokerto with a total of 209 people, using purposive sampling technique and setting the Slovin formula so that the number of samples in this study was 137 respondents. The instrument used is a questionnaire using a Likert scale about family support and prevention of hypertension. The data analysis used was univariate analysis in the form of age, gender, education level, family support, and bivariate analysis using the Sperman-Rank test. The results obtained p-value (0,0001) and Rho value (0,391) which means there is a relationship between family support and prevention of hypertension.
On the periodic boundary value problems for fractional nonautonomous differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we investigate periodic boundary value problems for Caputo type fractional semilinear nonautonomous differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses. By using semigroup theory combined with the measure of noncompactness and some fixed point theorems, the existence of PC-mild solutions for the equations is established. At the end, an example is presented to illustrate the application of our main results.
Agnisambhavam - Sanskrit Mahākāvya (Epic) with Modern Methodology: A Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sanskrit language has the liquidity as many compositions are being composed until date. It is observed that the modern composers sometimes follow the characteristics of Mahākāvyaas elaborated by Sahityashastrakara’s like Bhāmaha, Daṇḍī, Rudraṭa, Viśvanātha etc. Sometimes, some Poets have taken the liberty to present modern Hero’s and their heroic acts while composing the Mahākāvya. Poetic expressions of powerful feelings play an important role to inculcate values, ethics, and virtues. Literature, in the form of poems, stories, articles, essays etc. definitely stand like lighthouse in our life. The paper highlights the ‘Wings of Fire’, an Autobiography of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalām written with Arun Tiwari in 1999. The paper aims to study the adaptation by Pt. Sri. Kishor Limaye who composed the same text and the ‘Agnisambhavam' Mahākāvya using very simple, yet effective Sanskrit and modern methodologies. Using an ancient tool of composing Mahākāvya with modern techniques like using research methodologies (footnotes, endnotes, RoL etc.) is a pioneering and emerging trend in Sanskrit. This paper is an attempt to focus on ‘Agnisambhavam' Sanskrit Mahākāvya, composed by Pt. Sri. Kishor Limaye.
Structure and Thermal Decomposition of Some 5-(Cyclohexyloxy)thianthreniumyl Perchlorates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Five sets of cis- and trans-substituted cyclohexanols were used for reaction with thianthrene cation radical perchlorate, namely, cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol, cis- and trans-2-methyl-, 3-methyl-, and 4-methylcyclohexanol, and cis,cis- and trans,trans-3,5-dimethylcyclohexanol. Reaction in CH2Cl2 solution and precipitation with ether gave the corresponding crystalline 5-(cyclohexyloxy)thianthreniumyl perchlorate salts. The configuration of each salt in CDCl3 was shown by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to correspond with the configuration of the cyclohexanol from which it was made. X-ray Ortep diagrams of four of the salts confirmed the structure deduced from NMR spectroscopy. In the NMR, inequivalence of the 1H and 13C signals from the thianthreniumyl 4- and 6-, 1- and 9-, 2- and 8-, and 3- and 7-positions was found when the 1'-position of the cyclohexyl ring was stereogenic. In the four Ortep diagrams, the orientation of the S−O bond was psuedoaxial. Thermal decomposition of the salts made from the monosubstituted cyclohexanols at 100 °C in CH3CN solution gave products consistent with the assigned structures.