jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Digital storytelling: A relational pedagogic approach to rebuilding hybrid places for creativity, equity and community building in a crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on human flourishing worldwide as in-person teaching and learning provision within universities and schools rapidly shifted online. This exposed challenges as staff and students worked from home. Digital competences in online pedagogy differed across teaching teams, access to digital equipment, technical and social infrastructure was limited, specific fields of study had different requirements, and physical distancing measures heightened social isolation. ‘The Ship of Theseus’ is a thought experiment that poses the question: if every part of a ship is replaced, is it still the same ship? The authors apply the Ship of Theseus to reflect on experiences of rebuilding and reimagining teaching and learning online in a crisis. This intergenerational, practice-informed case study considers a strategic role for digital storytelling on the Digital Media and Communications BSc (DMC) at Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A student-led component was supported by two research internships as part of MMU’s extracurricular programme, Rise. Catering specifically for students with culturally diverse backgrounds, Rise enables students to enhance their degree profile through activities such as volunteering, self-study on other learning platforms, work experience or research projects. The two student co-authors cooperated as peers, and as part of the research team in order to critique and reimagine curriculum content delivery in a crisis. This was informed by the literature and student co-authors’ critical reflections on their lived experience of pandemic online teaching and learning and prototyping an equitable alternative to build a creative community that co-imagines different desires and visions of the future from an inequitable present. In applying the Ship of Theseus to the use of digital storytelling to support online teaching and learning, we offer active learning strategies to reinvigorate relational pedagogic approaches that position online learning within wider debates to transform higher education. The authors suggest that digital storytelling can rebuild social connections and transform online spaces into hybrid places where meaningful and creative playfulness can become anchored within practice. We conclude that designing for equity by extending digital storytelling communities of practice beyond university learning environments provides alternative spaces that potentially transform how learners respond equitably to global crises together. While new forms of digital storytelling, cooperation, co-learning and community building are invaluable, the rapid convergence of digital technologies and media by industry warrants active stewarding to address emergent digital media ethical challenges, including accessibility, privacy and equity.
Effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on platelet and metastatic tumor cell-endothelial cell interactions as a model for assessing vascular endothelial integrity.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An in vitro assay for examining the sublethal effects of chemotherapeutic agents on vascular endothelial integrity is described. Using vascular endothelial cell monolayers, the kinetics of binding of radiolabeled platelets or metastatic tumor cells were altered when endothelial cells were pretreated for 2 hr with low, clinically relevant concentrations of certain drugs. Electron microscopic examination by scanning electron microscopy revealed that these same drugs caused endothelial cell retraction and exposure of subendothelial matrix. Platelets and tumor cells were found bound only to the exposed areas of subendothelial matrix. Some drugs (bleomycin, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, vincristine) induced rapid endothelial cell retraction and increased platelet and tumor cell binding to exposed subendothelial matrix, while one of the drugs tested (Adriamycin) caused delayed (1 to 3 days after a 2-hr drug treatment) endothelial cell retraction and increased cell binding. Of the drugs tested, only 5'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine which interferes with DNA replication failed to induce endothelial cell retraction and increased tumor cell and platelet binding. The results suggest that certain drug effects on the vascular endothelium can be assessed using the vascular endothelial cell monolayer model.
Precision Stellar Catalogs and the Role of Anomalous Refraction.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The current status of the University of Maryland program to evaluate the use of Two Color Refractometry (TCR) for the determination of precise stellar positions is discussed. Various aspects of the components of the program are considered in detail. The fabrication and operational progress with the hardware components is reviewed. A series of critical preliminary tests with TCR equipment operated on the 48-inch telescope have been conducted. The schedule for the various items of equipment which have been purchased and those which are being fabricated in-house is proceeding well. The technical and schedule aspects of several possible problem areas are discussed. A modification of the budget, which will have no cost or schedule impact, is being submitted separately to the Office of Naval Research to alleviate some of the above problems. (Author)
Nutritional effects of different forms of selenium additive on productive performance of dairy Zaraibi goats and their suckling kids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fifty Zaraibi goats with average body weight of 42.45±1.25 kg and aged 3-5 years after kidding were divided into five similar groups (10 in each). All goats were fed the basal diet consisted of 50% concentrate feed mixture + 31% berseem hay + 19% wheat straw. The goats in the first group (control) were fed the basal diet without supplement (G1). The goats in the first group (control) were fed the basal diet without supplement (G1). The other groups were supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg DM intake as inorganic selenium (sodium selenite, SS) in G2, organic selenium (yeast selenium, YS) in G3, biological organic selenium (BOSe) in G4 or biological nano-selenium (BNSe) in nanoselenium (NSe) in G5. Results showed that G5 showed significantly (P<0.05) the higher values nutrients digestibility, feeding values and feed intake followed by G4 and G3 then G2, whereas G1 had the lower values. Group 5 showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest yield of actual milk and 3.5% fat corrected milk (FCM) and the contents of fat, protein, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) followed by G4 and G3 then G2, while G1 had the lowest yield. Group 1 (control) showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest amounts of DM, TDN, CP and DCP per kg 3.5% FCM followed by G2 and G3, then G4, while G5 had the lowest values. Feed cost per 1 kg 3.5% FCM was higher in G1 followed by G2, then G3 and G4, but G5 had the lower cost. On the other side, G5 recorded significantly (P<0.05) the highest output of 3.5% FCM yield, net revenue and economic efficiency followed by G4 and G3, then G2, however G1 had the lowest values. Number of weaned kids was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G5 followed by G3 and G4 then G2, but was lower in G1. No death kids in G5 received BNSe and moreover mortality rate was the least with G3 and G4, followed by G2, but was the highest in G1 (P<0.05). Weaning weight, total weight gain and average daily gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher in G5 followed by G4 and G3, then G2, but were lower in G1. Suckled milk and the cost of suckled milk per kg weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher in G1 followed by G2 then G3 and G4, but G5 had the lowest values. Output of ADG, net revenue and economic efficiency were significantly (P<0.05) higher in G5 followed by G4 and G3, then G2, while G1 had the lowest values.
Analysis\nof Different European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus\navellana</i> L.) Cultivars: Authentication, Phenotypic Features,\nand Phenolic Profiles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hazelnuts\nexhibit functional properties due to their content in\nfatty acids and phenolic compounds that could positively affect human\nhealth. The food industry requires precise traits for morphological,\nchemical, and physical kernel features so that some cultivars could\nbe more suitable for specific industrial processing. In this study,\nagronomical and morphological features of 29 hazelnut cultivars were\nevaluated and a detailed structural characterization of kernel polyphenols\nwas performed, confirming the presence of protocatechuic acid, flavan-3-ols\nsuch as catechin, procyanidin B2, six procyanidin oligomers, flavonols,\nand one dihydrochalcone in all the analyzed cultivars. In addition,\nan innovative methodology based on the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric\nanalysis of peptide/protein components extracted from kernels was\ndeveloped for the authentication of the most valuable cultivars. The\nproposed method is rapid, simple, and reliable and holds the potential\nto be applied in quality control processes. These results could be\nuseful in hazelnut cultivar evaluation and choice for growers, breeders,\nand food industry.
Effect of human neutrophil proteases on ex vivo small airway function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Small airways are the main site of airflow obstruction in COPD. Neutrophils are implicated in COPD pathophysiology via the activity of their released products, including proteases, which damage airway tissue.

We studied the effects of activated neutrophil supernatants on small airway function in rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) using videomicroscopy. PCLS were incubated overnight in fMLP-stimulated neutrophil supernatants from non-smokers (NS), smokers (S) and COPD patients (C), and contraction to carbachol (CCh) assessed. Supernatant levels of MMP-8, -9, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured.

Compared with untreated (UT) airways, airway maximal contraction (at 10µM CCh) was significantly reduced after incubation in supernatants (UT 80±4; NS 56±10; S 40±11; C 52±7%, n=6-10, p<0.01). Airway reopening after CCh washout was significantly augmented in airways incubated in neutrophil supernatants, compared with UT airways (UT 18±8; NS 157±25; S 186±68; C 171±79% difference in contraction (10µM CCh vs. post-washout), n=4, p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in baseline airway patency after incubation in COPD neutrophil supernatants, compared with UT airways (10±5 vs . 40±7% decrease in patency, n=8-10, p<0.01). Maximal contraction correlated with supernatant \[NE\] (r=-0.5, n=46, p<0.001) and \[active MMP-9\] (r=-0.6, n=27, p<0.001), whilst airway reopening correlated with \[NE\] (r=0.6, n=11).

Hence, activated neutrophil supernatants reduce maximal contraction, augment reopening, and decrease baseline patency of small airways, possibly due to proteolytic action. Thus, increased numbers of neutrophils in COPD may contribute to the airway dysfunction characteristic of the disease.
A constructive algorithm for a multilayer perceptron based on co-operative population concepts in genetic algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are a number of ways to train neural networks, but they can be put into twonrough categories: non-constructive and constructive. When training networks usingna non-constructive algorithm, such as back-propagation, one is required determinenthe architecture, and then present it to the algorithm which will then compute thensynaptic weights, as best it can. However, determining the architecture required fornsolving a particular problem is a difficult task, which is usually done by trail-and error.nConstructive algorithms, such as the tiling algorithm, attempt to alleviatenthis difficulty by using various techniques to automatically generate the architecture,nwhile also setting the synaptic weights. They usually work by adding neurons onenat a time, iteratively breaking down the problem to manageable parts.nnnnnnnn The algorithm which is presented in this thesis is a constructive algorithm for thentraining of multilayer perceptions. However, it differs from most other constructivenalgorithms in that it generates architectures one layer at a time, as opposed to onenneurons at a time. To generate each layer a simple parallel genetic algorithm isnutilized.nnnnnnn The genetic algorithm uses the concepts of niche formation and co-operativenpopulations. Each individual in the population of the genetic algorithm represents ansingle neuron with its synaptic weights. The individuals of the population co-operatento break the problem into linearly separable components. Upon convergence, thenpopulation has divided itself into a number of subpopulations, each containing onenpart of the solution. A layer of a multilayer perceptron can then be produced fromnthis population, by selecting a single neuron/individual from each subpopulation.nnnnnnn To facilitate training of the next layer, the training data. is fed through thencurrent layer.nnnnnnnnn The method is applied to a. number of benchmarking problems, including, thenXOR problem, the parity problems, the MONK's problems, the Sonar problem, andnthe two spirals problem. It is found that the performance of is largely comparable tonthat of the back-propagation algorithm, but it has the advantage of automaticallyngenerating the architectures required for solving each particular problem.n
Rhotics and the derhoticization of English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses some theoretical questions relating to rhotics in the languages of the world and particularly in English. I give a phonetic overview of this heterogeneous set of sounds and shows that in spite of a cross-linguistically stable phonological behaviour, specialists have failed to identify a phonetic dimension common to all rhotics. I then offer a treatment of /r/ couched in Dependency Phonology and based on the sonority sequencing principle which seems to be at work in the phonotactic distribution of /r/ in European languages. My proposal is put to the test through a reinterpretation of the historical derhoticization of Southern British English.
Disfacilitation and active inhibition in the neocortex during the natural sleep-wake cycle: An intracellular study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Earlier extracellular recordings during natural sleep have shown that, during slow-wave sleep (SWS), neocortical neurons display long-lasting periods of silence, whereas they are tonically active and discharge at higher rates during waking and sleep with rapid eye movements (REMs). We analyzed the nature of long-lasting periods of neuronal silence in SWS and the changes in firing rates related to ocular movements during REM sleep and waking using intracellular recordings from electrophysiologically identified neocortical neurons in nonanesthetized and nonparalyzed cats. We found that the silent periods during SWS are associated with neuronal hyperpolarizations, which are due to a mixture of K + currents and disfacilitation processes. Conventional fast-spiking neurons (presumably local inhibitory interneurons) increased their firing rates during REMs and eye movements in waking. During REMs, the firing rates of regular-spiking neurons from associative areas decreased and intracellular traces revealed numerous, short-lasting, low-amplitude inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), that were reversed after intracellular chloride infusion. In awake cats, regular-spiking neurons could either increase or decrease their firing rates during eye movements. The short-lasting IPSPs associated with eye movements were still present in waking; they preceded the spikes and affected their timing. We propose that there are two different forms of firing rate control: disfacilitation induces long-lasting periods of silence that occur spontaneously during SWS, whereas active inhibition, consisting of low-amplitude, short-lasting IPSPs, is prevalent during REMs and precisely controls the timing of action potentials in waking.
A Method for Gamma-Ray Energy Spectrum Inversion and Correction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Accurate spectral analysis of high-energy astrophysical sources often relies on comparing observed data to incident spectral models convolved with the instrument response. However, for gamma-ray bursts and other high-energy transient events observed at high count rates, significant distortions (e.g., pile-up, dead time, and large signal trailing) are introduced, complicating this analysis. We present a method framework to address the model dependence problem, especially to solve the problem of energy spectrum distortion caused by instrument signal pile-up due to high counting rate and high-rate effects, applicable to X-ray, gamma-ray, and particle detectors. Our approach combines physics-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with a model-independent spectral inversion technique. The MC simulations quantify instrumental effects and enable correction of the distorted spectrum. Subsequently, the inversion step reconstructs the incident spectrum using an inverse response matrix approach, conceptually equivalent to deconvolving the detector response. The inversion employs a convolutional neural network, selected for its numerical stability and effective handling of complex detector responses. Validation using simulations across diverse input spectra demonstrates high fidelity. Specifically, for 27 different parameter sets of the brightest gamma-ray bursts, goodness-of-fit tests confirm the reconstructed spectra are in excellent statistical agreement with the input spectra and residuals are typically within ±2 σ . This method enables precise analysis of intense transients and other high-flux events, overcoming limitations imposed by instrumental effects in traditional analyses.
Sheet Resistance of Ion Implanted Si(100) at Various Doses, Energies and Beam Currents

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

이온을 Si(100) 기판에 주입할 때 조사량과 에너지, 빔 전류가 면저항에 영향을 미치는 원인을 규명하기 위해 여러 연구자가 행하였던 실험과 동일한 조건으로 Crystal TRIM 프로그램을 이용하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 실행하였다. 주입한 $As^+$이온의 조사량을 $1{\times}10^{15}/cm^2$로 일정하게 하고 에너지를 5, 10, 15 keV로 변화시켜 계산한 결과 에너지가 커질수록 Rp값은 표면에서 깊어지는 반면에, 표면근방에 축적되는 격자손상은 증가하였다. 20keV의 B+이온을 $5{\times}10^{15}/cm^2$의 동일한 조사량으로 1mA와 7 mA의 빔 전류에 해당하는 값을 이용하여 계산한 결과 빔 전류가 커질수록 표면근방 100 nm 이내에서 격자손상이 증가하였다. 20 keV의 일정한 에너지로 B+이온을 $1{\times}10^{15}$, $3{\times}10^{15}/cm^2$ 조사량과 0.8 mA와 8 mA의 빔 전류로 각각 계산한 결과 조사량이 많아질수록, 빔 전류가 커질수록 표면 근방에 축적되는 격자손상의 양이 증가하였다. 이러한 에너지, 조사량과 빔 전류증가에 의한 시료표면의 격자손상 증가는 시료표면의 면저항을 감소시킨다. Simulations were performed using Crystal TRIM software under the same conditions used by previous researchers in order to clarify the mechanism that determines sheet resistance various doses, energies and beam currents. The results showed that the peak of the depth profile (Rp) in the same sample gradually shifts inward and damage increases near the surface as the energy increases for $As^+$ equal dose of $1{\times}10^{15}/cm^2$ implanted into Si(100) energies of 5, 10, and 15 keV. From a theoretical calculation of B+ ion implantation processes at energy of 20 keV using parameters that correspond to 1 mA and 7 mA beam currents with the same dose of $5{\times}10^{15}/cm^2$, it was found that the higher beam currents resulted in more damage near the surface (<100 nm). Likewise, In the simulations employing sets of doses ($1{\times}10^{15}$, $3{\times}10^{15}/cm^2$) and beam currents (0.8 mA, 8 mA), more damage was produced at larger doses and higher current. Thus, sheet resistance at the surface was reduced by the intensified damage from increases in beam energy, dose and beam currents.
A self-propelled thermophoretic microgear

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An asymmetric microgear will spontaneously and unidirectionally rotate if it is heated in a cool surrounding solvent. The resulting temperature gradient along the edges of the gear teeth translates in a directed thermophoretic force, which will exert a net torque on the gear. By means of computer simulations, the validity of this scenario is proved. The rotational direction and speed are dependent on gear–solvent interactions, and can be analytically related to system parameters like the thermal diffusion factor, the solvent viscosity, or the temperature difference. This microgear provides a simple way to extract net work from non-isothermal solutions, and can become a valuable tool in microfluids.
Protein kinase C as a target for new anti-cancer agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer joins the category of diseases involving abnormalities in the rate of proliferation of cells and is associated with uncontrolled cell division, where cells either generate their own growth-promoting stimuli or neighboring cells or do not respond to growth inhibitory signals. Protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the key elements in the tumor growth signal transduction pathways and is found to be overexpressed in several malignant cell types. A way to control cell proliferation and cell differentiation is by influencing signal transduction pathways by modulation of PKC. PKC encloses 12 different isoenzymes, and each isoenzyme is found to have a different functional property. Because specific PKC isoenzyme types are present in different (malignant) cell species, they may be an attractive target in the development of anti-cancer agents. Classification and identification of the available PKC isoenzymes in different tumor cells could be useful in targeting specific tumors. PKC also tends to be overexpressed in association with the multidrug resistance pheno-type. This concise review deals with the role of PKC isoenzymes in (tumor) cell biology and evaluates the antineoplastic agents interacting on PKC isoenzymes.
Studies on the bioactive form of the antitubercular drug isoniazid and the enzymes involved in its mechanism of action

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2633 (2002)Section de chimieFaculte des sciences de baseInstitut des sciences et ingenierie chimiquesJury: Pedro Alzari, Klaus Piontek, Stefan Pitsch, Pierre Vogel Public defense: 2002-10-4 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2633Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
The Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF): Its Today and Tomorrow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright: © 2014 He Q. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) was first introduced by Pimenta in 2001 [1] and developed in 2003. It is a minimally invasive, lateral, transpsoas approach for lumbar interbody fusion and is an alternative approach to anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) [2]. The XLIF approach minimizes anterior approach related complications such as vascular and visceral injury, without the need for an access surgeon [3], furthermore, it bears the several advantages to this approach, including less tissue dissection, smaller incisions, decreased operative time, blood loss, shorter hospital stay, reduced postoperative pain, enhanced fusion rates, and the ability to place instrumentation through the same incision [4].