jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Warm solidarity in the Belgian homelessness policy assemblage during the coronavirus pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2020 in Belgium the coronavirus crisis generated a widespread solidarity between the housed and the homeless. This paper adopts a policy assemblage approach to investigate policy responses to the pandemic with regards to actions, discourses and spatial materialities around homelessness. Three areas of contingent reassembling emerged from the analysis: spaces of cooperation, domestic space and public space. All three were permeated with new charity power relations and warm solidarity rhetoric. Firstly, emergency responses involved a high level of cooperation between different actors. Secondly, domestic space became a space for participation for helpers, while recipients – temporarily and as an exceptional measure – were granted access to it. Thirdly, daily practices in public space revealed and exacerbated power imbalances. Additionally, homelessness was portrayed in the media as caused by these exceptional circumstances rather than a problem of structural inequalities and insufficient policies. In this rhetoric, increased civic solidarity was the answer to the extraordinary situation. Despite all their drawbacks, in the context of the multilevel Belgian administrative structure, however, these contingent initiatives are potentially also a tool of critique and policy change
MPP8 Promotes Proliferation and Restrains Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma by Regulating p38αMAPK Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy. We aim to investigate that role of M-phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8) on proliferation and apoptosis in osteosarcoma. Briefly, the current research reported an in vitro study investigating the role MPP8 in OS tumorigenesis. Consequently, we found that the MPP8 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and in osteosarcoma cell lines. Interestingly, MPP8 knockdown via shRNA restrained the cell viability and proliferation of U2OS and Saos-2 cells. In addition, MPP8 knockdown promoted the apoptosis of U2OS and Saos-2 cells, while MPP8 overexpression promotes proliferation and inhibited the cell apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. These results suggested that MPP8 may serve as a contributor for osteosarcoma growth and inhibition of MPP8 may help restrain the development of osteosarcoma. Importantly, we found that MPP8 overexpression suppressed the protein levels of HOXA5, p38αMAPK, increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, while co-transfection with HOXA5 overexpression suppressed the cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. These results indicated that MPP8 contributed to cell proliferation and the underlying mechanism might be involved with HOXA5/ p38αMAPK pathway.
Outcomes of Concurrent Cellular Rejection in Patients With Antibody-Mediated Rejection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Cell-mediated rejection (CMR) commonly complicates kidney transplantation (KT). Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is less common, but both are known to shorten graft survival independently. We sought to quantify the effect of developing both types of rejection on graft survival in the first year post-transplant. METHODS: Using strictly defined criteria for AMR--including C4d-negative AMR--consistent with Banff 2013 guidelines, we identified 199 AMR patients and reviewed their biopsies for CMR. RESULTS: The overall incidence of AMR was 10.8%. Of 199 cases of AMR, most were in HLA-incompatible patients. 38.7% had no CMR (AMR+0), 14.1% had Banff type 1 CMR (1A+1B; AMR+1), 41.2% had Banff type 2 (2A+2B; AMR+2), and 6.0% had Banff type 3 CMR (AMR+3). Death-censored graft loss was significantly higher in patients with combined AMR and CMR (P<0.001); however, that difference was driven largely by AMR+3 outcomes.Figure: No Caption available.Excluding AMR+3 patients, there was no difference in outcomes between AMR+0 patients and AMR+1/2 patients. DISCUSSION: Much of the differences seen in patients with AMR alone and AMR with CMR were driven by those patients with AMR+3. This diagnosis carries a poor prognosis and aggressive intervention is indicated for these patients. Patients with AMR+1 and AMR+2 did not seem to have higher graft loss than AMR+0 patients.
Fear of Death and Fear of Life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

WITH THE continuing development of newer and more sophisticated scientific techniques for evaluating the functions of the vital organs, it was inevitable that organ substitution techniques would also be developed, and that replacement of defective organs by functioning mechanical and human organs would become a procedure to save and prolong life. It is this prolongation of life to which this presentation is directed, focusing specifically on patients with chronic renal failure whose lives are prolonged by chronic hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. It is essential to keep in mind that prolongation of life involves not only adding time to the length of life, but it also involves the matter of the quality and worthwhileness of the life that is thus prolonged. Patients with renal failure fear that their lives will be cut short by an untimely death, and as we listen closely we also
Constantly scaled H/sub ∞/ control problems for pseudo full information problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deals with the constantly scaled H/sub /spl infin// control problem. In general, the solvability condition for this problem is non-convex. However, it is known that the state feedback (SF) and the full information (FI) problems can be reduced to convex problems. We consider a class of problems including the SF and the FI problems as the special cases. The class is characterized by an additional assumption called a pseudo full information (PFI) condition. Assuming the PFI condition, we first derive a solvability condition. This condition involves fewer number of variables than the standard solutions for the constantly scaled H/sub /spl infin// control problem. Based on this condition, we further give a convex sufficient condition for the solvability. The convex solvability condition for the SF and the FI problems can be regarded as the extreme cases of the derived sufficient condition. Moreover, we show that there exists a simple formula of a possible controller, if the PFI condition is assumed.
Evaluating volumetric and slice-based approaches for COVID-19 detection in chest CTs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a comparative analysis of several distinct approaches based on deep learning for identifying COVID-19 cases in chest CTs. A first approach is a volumetric one, involving 3D convolutions, while other two approaches perform at first slice-wise classification and then aggregate the results at the volume level. The experiments are carried on the COV19-CT-DB dataset, with the aim of addressing the challenge raised by the MIA-COV19D Competition within ICCV 2021. Our best results reach a macro F1 score of 92.34% on the validation subset and 90.06% on the test set, obtained with the volumetric approach which was ranked second in the competition. Its performance can be further improved by a simple trick, using semi-supervised training in the form of self-training, technique which proved to bring a consistent increase over the reported F1-score on the validation subset.
Color-aware Deep Temporal Backdrop Duplex Matting System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning-based alpha matting showed tremendous improvements in recent years, yet, feature film production studios still rely on classical chroma keying including costly post-production steps. This perceived discrepancy can be explained by some missing links necessary for production which are currently not adequately addressed in the alpha matting community, in particular foreground color estimation or color spill compensation. We propose a neural network-based temporal multi-backdrop production system that combines beneficial features from chroma keying and alpha matting. Given two consecutive frames with different background colors, our one-encoder-dual-decoder network predicts foreground colors and alpha values using a patch-based overlap-blend approach. The system is able to handle imprecise backdrops, dynamic cameras, and dynamic foregrounds and has no restrictions on foreground colors. We compare our method to state-of-the-art algorithms using benchmark datasets and a video sequence captured by a demonstrator setup. We verify that a dual backdrop input is superior to the usually applied trimap-based approach. In addition, the proposed studio set is actor friendly, and produces high-quality, temporal consistent alpha and color estimations that include a superior color spill compensation.
Self-Organization of Spheroidal Molecular Assemblies in Polar Solvents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[reaction: see text] We report a number of 1:1 noncovalent complexes composed of a symmetrical trisphosphonate and various symmetrical trisammonium or trisamidinium compounds. The spheroidal complexes show high thermodynamic stability, with association constants Ka reaching 10(6) M(-1) in methanol and in some cases even exceeding 10(3) M(-1) in water. The observed Ka values correlate well with the different degree of preorganization of the complexation partners.
Spectral densities and frequencies in the power spectrum of higher order repeat alpha satellite in human DNA molecule

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fast Fourier transform was applied to the central segment of a fully sequenced genomic segment from the centromeric region in human chromosome 7 (GenBank/AC017075.8, 193277 bp), which is characterized by alpha satellite higher order repeats (HOR). Frequencies and spectral densities were computed for all prominent peaks in the Fourier spectrum. We have additionally introduced a peak to noise ratio as effective spectral density in order to account for frequency variations of the noise level. We have shown that a very good description of computed Fourier frequencies can be obtained by using the multiple formula with the fundamental frequency corresponding to the 2734-bp HOR sequence. The peak at f(16) corresponds to the 171-bp monomer. Above the frequency f(16), the most pronounced peaks are mostly at multiples of f(16) (monomer-multiples). The lowest sixteen monomer-multiples kf(16) are locally dominant in spectral densities. The first monomer-multiple that is not locally dominant in spectral density is at k = 17. Above k = 27, the maximum of spectral density is systematically shifted to several neighboring higher frequency multiples. On the basis of the Fourier spectrum, the 171-bp monomer unit was subdivided into three approximately 57-bp subrepeats, which were further subdivided into 12-bp, 14-bp and 17-bp basic subrepeats.
Formulation and gastrointestinal transit evaluation of mucoadhesive oral Multiple Unit Systems of Furazolidone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The objective of present study was to improve gastric residence time of furazolidone by preparing mucoadhesive Multiple Unit Systems (MUS) with chitosan, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K4M and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by employing ionotropic gelation method. The resultant MUS were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The particle size length ranged between 0.76 ± 0.25 to 0.89 ± 0.23mm, while the breadth was 0.76 ± 0.15 to 0.89 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was in range of 82 to 90 %. MUS exhibited good mucoadhesive property in in vitro wash-off test. Stability studies showed no significant change in dissolution profiles (P < 0.05). The Gastrointestinal transit time was determined by fluoroscopic study which revealed that, the MUS retained in gastrointestinal tract for more than 5 hours and distributed throughout GIT. Based upon these results, prepared mucoadhesive MUS can be a good alternative to single unit systems to deliver Furazolidone with improved gastric residence time to treat intestinal amoebiasis.
Collision of Priorities in Posttraumatic Coma and Suspected Multiple Injuries: A Prospective Multicenter Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The presence of multiple injuries in addition to a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is initially uncertain in most patients with posttraumatic coma. The interdisciplinary team of physicians in charge of initial treatment after hospital admission may face a collision of vital priorities. The purpose of this study was to analyze which diagnostic and surgical measures were given priority over others in comatose patients after injury and to draw conclusions from these data. Methods In this prospective multicenter cohort study, the outcomes of 1,003 comatose patients with suspected multiple injuries were studied. The analysis was divided into an early and a late stage. Diagnostic and surgical measures were analyzed for a 6-month period. The prognostic value of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading scale were investigated. Results Removal of intracranial hematomas and decompressive craniotomies were the most frequent procedures within the first 48 hours after admission to the hospital. Prognosis depends on the location and the combination of injuries. Outcome is significantly correlated to initial signs of brainstem dysfunction. The GCS did not adequately predict clinical outcome. Conclusion Comatose patients with suspected multiple injuries should only be admitted to hospitals with a continuous neurosurgical service because intracranial operations are more frequent in the first 48 hours than extracranial operations. Depending on the neurologic status of the patient, an urgent surgical decompression may be essential for a good outcome. The GCS alone is not a sufficient tool for the neurologic assessment and the prognosis of patients with multiple injuries. The onset of clinical signs of brainstem dysfunction indicates a critical deterioration of the functioning of the central nervous system. The priority of surgical measures should be tailored accordingly.
The Role of Arsenic on Skin Diseases, Hair Fall and Inflammation: An Immunological Review and Case Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this recent era, occupational and accidental spills have been dramatically increased since last few decades due to globalization throughout the world. Concurrently, the concerns on health issues are being a burning question to the all corporate as well as health care professional personnel. Currently, arsenic and arsenic related problems have drawn a great attention as this compound acts not only as slow poison but also works as beneficial molecule in the treatment of some diseases. Laboratory animals showed several dysfunctions including keratinocytes dysfunctions, loss of hair and most importantly inflammation. Arsenic-mediated cell stress/oxidative stress also plays a major role in the development of multiple pathways like JNK, AP-1, PKC and caspase which further either lead to apoptosis or cancer. Countries like Bangladesh, India, Mexico, Chile and China are in great risk and the human from these areas are losing their lives due to chronic arsenic exposures. Therefore, this study will try to explain the proposed molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced skin diseases, hair fall and inflammation. Finally, a possible treatment approach would be disclosed against arsenic-mediated disorders.
Study on the aerosol generation of plutonium metal due to oxidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Transuranic metals such as plutonium usually need to be protected in inert gases to inhibit oxidation and produce aerosols. In the paper, the oxidation reaction process of plutonium was depicted based on the point defect model. The aerosol generation rate was approximated to the oxidation rate of plutonium when the oxidation layer keeps constant. The results show that the rate is strongly dependent on the vacancy diffusivity and reaction rate constant of the vacancy generation and consumption. The aerosol generation rate at the temperature of 298 K is in the order of 10 8 particles/cm 2 /s.
Global Burden of Diabetes, 1995–2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people with diabetes who are ≥20 years of age in all countries of the world for three points in time, i.e., the years 1995, 2000, and 2025, and to calculate additional parameters, such as sex ratio, urban-rural ratio, and the age structure of the diabetic population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Age-specific diabetes prevalence estimates were applied to United Nations population estimates and projections for the number of adults aged ≥20 years in all countries of the world. For developing countries, urban and rural populations were considered separately RESULTS Prevalence of diabetes in adults worldwide was estimated to be 4.0% in 1995 and to rise to 5.4% by the year 2025. It is higher in developed than in developing countries. The number of adults with diabetes in the world will rise from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in the year 2025. The major part of this numerical increase will occur in developing countries. There will be a 42% increase, from 51 to 72 million, in the developed countries and a 170% increase, from 84 to 228 million, in the developing countries. Thus, by the year 2025, &gt;75% of people with diabetes will reside in developing countries, as compared with 62% in 1995. The countries with the largest number of people with diabetes are, and will be in the year 2025, India, China, and the U.S. In developing countries, the majority of people with diabetes are in the age range of 45–64 years. In the developed countries, the majority of people with diabetes are aged ≥65 years. This pattern will be accentuated by the year 2025. There are more women than men with diabetes, especially in developed countries. In the future, diabetes will be increasingly concentrated in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS This report supports earlier predictions of the epidemic nature of diabetes in the world during the first quarter of the 21st century. It also provides a provisional picture of the characteristics of the epidemic. Worldwide surveillance of diabetes is a necessary first step toward its prevention and control, which is now recognized as an urgent priority.
Long-Term Outcome of Fibrous Dysplasia: Reconstruction With Dysplastic Bone -Case Report-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 10-year-old girl presented with facial asymmetry associated with bulging of the right fronto-orbital region with no symptoms. Computed tomography demonstrated enlargement of the right zygomatic, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. Abnormal proliferation of the bone had obliterated the sphenoid, right frontal sinus, and right ethmoid sinuses. These radiological findings suggested right optic nerve compression due to fibrous dysplasia. Right optic canal decompression was performed. In preparation for recurrence, the resulting bone defect in the right orbital roof was reconstructed using the outer table of the split lesion bone. The removed frontal bone was divided into intact and lesioned parts, and the intact part was returned. The lesioned part was split and the outer table graft used to reconstruct the frontal region. A temporal musculopericranial flap was used to form a barrier between the opened ethmoid sinus and cranial cavity. A protrusion appeared on the left forehead 10 years later, and was shaved to improve the aesthetic appearance. The patient was followed up for a total of 23 years. The use of dysplastic bone involves the risk of recurrence, but the period of recurrence is delayed and the progression stops after adolescence, so the second operation involved only shaving for aesthetic appearance. This procedure is one of the treatments of choice because of easy reconstruction, easy revision, and good results.
sgRNA design for DLT gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 and in-silico mutation prediction in Rice cv. Hawara Bunar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The DWARF AND LOW TILLERRING ( DLT ) gene is a transcription factor for a gene involved in Brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Manipulating BR biosynthesis will affect the height and tiller number of rice. CRISPR-Cas9 is an accurate tool to edit a gene sequence. The accuracy of site editing of the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated target gene editing is determined by the 20 nucleotide sequences in the sgRNA and the binding site known as the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM). The study aimed to design sgRNA and predict the DLT gene mutation sites in rice cv. Hawara Bunar. The exon 1 of the DLT gene was amplified using a primer pair designed from the reference gene. The PCR product was then sequenced, and the sequence was used to design sgRNA. The study has designed sgRNA located on the targeted sequence that corresponds to the Gras family protein domain of the exon1 DLT gene. The mutation sites were predicted to be at the domain site through the alignment of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the DLT gene and the reference gene. It is predicted that mutations in the target site that corresponds to the protein domain will change the protein structure and its function.
[Predictive response variables to recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in patients with anemia and cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in patients with anemia and cancer. Although good results have been obtained, it is too expensive to permit its use massively. For the purpose of evaluating the therapeutic effect of rHuEpo, including toxicity, predictive response variables and quality of life parameters, a prospective trial was carried out in patients with anemia and cancer. Hematimetric parameters, ferritin, Epo, cytokines, transfusions and quality of life were registered. A total of 36 patients were treated in the protocol (34 were evaluable): 16 men and 20 women, with a medium age 56.4 years; 27 patients were treated with chemotherapy (16 with cisplatinum); 15 patients presented medullar infiltration. In 73.5% patients an increase in the level of hemoglobin was registered, and in 64.7% its normalisation was attained. Transfusional requirements were reduced by 50%. The hemoglobin increase greater than 0.5 g/dl at the second week of treatment was the most significant variable of early response. Patients treated with cisplatinum, seric ferritin lower than 1,100 ng/dl and those without medullar tumoral infiltration responded best. Serum Epo, cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF) and reticulocyte count at the second week did not correlate with response. Quality of life parameters were better in patients with good response to rHuEpo. It can be concluded that good results in the treatment of patients with anemia and cancer are obtained with rHuEpo.
An Endogenous Switching Model to Poverty Dynamic Assessment in Tunisia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper focus on the determinants of poverty dynamics in Tunisia by performing a two-stage endogenous model using a Bayesian algorithm to avoid missing data. Based on this approach author show that panel data analysis can be performed through potential variables such presented by the work of Donald B. Rubin. This contribution is rather empirical; researcher propose a method based on the concept of causal inference that enable to execute a panel data model using independent surveys. As the author assert the dependence between poverty status over time, they choose to use an endogenous switching model take into consideration the form of endogeneity caused by initial condition.