jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alternate Loop-Back Diagnostic Tests for Wafer-Level Diagnosis of Modern Wireless Transceivers using Spectral Signatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

"Wafer-level diagnosis" of RF systems at production test sites is difficult and incurs high investment cost. One possible solution for integrated RF transceivers is to loop-back the transmitted RF signal to the receiver input thereby enabling source and measure capabilities at lower frequencies using DC probe cards integrated to standard low cost test platforms. The design innovations in modern wireless transceivers limit the previously proposed loop-back methods for continuous wave signals for most GSM, ISM, WLAN and Bluetooth applications. To overcome these limitations, a novel loop-back DFT approach is proposed. When used in conjunction with "alternate diagnosis", transmit and receive subsystem specifications can be decoupled from the final looped-back spectral signature. The key highlight of this work is that: measurements made on commercially available TI ISM microwave transceiver TRF6903 are used to demonstrate the production worthiness of the proposed approach for RF systems
Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1 ‐resistance breaking in sugar beet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) generally has a four‐segmented positive‐sense RNA genome (RNAs 1–4), but some European and most Asian strains have an additional segment, RNA5. This study examined the effect of RNA5 and RNA3 on different sugar beet cultivars using a Polymyxa ‐mediated inoculation system under field and laboratory conditions. In field tests, the degree of sugar yield served as an index for assessing the virulence of BNYVV strains. Japanese A‐II type isolates without RNA5 caused mostly 15%–90% sugar yield reductions, depending on the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars, whereas the isolates with RNA5 induced more than 90% yield losses in the seven susceptible cultivars, but small yield losses in one Rz1 ‐resistant and Rizor cultivars. However, a laboratory‐produced isolate containing RNA5 but lacking RNA3 caused higher yield losses in Rizor than in susceptible plants, and induced scab‐like symptoms on the root surface of both susceptible and resistant plants. In laboratory tests, A‐II type isolates without RNA5 had low viral RNA accumulation levels in roots of Rizor and Rz1 ‐resistant plants at early stages of infection, but in the presence of RNA5, viral RNA3 accumulation levels increased remarkably. This increased RNA3 accumulation was not observed in roots of the WB42 accession with the Rz2 gene. In contrast, the presence of RNA3 did not affect RNA5 accumulation levels. Collectively, this study demonstrated that RNA5 is involved in the development of scab‐like symptoms and the enhancement of RNA3 accumulation, and suggests these characteristics of RNA5 are associated with Rz1 ‐resistance breaking.
Genetic analysis of influenza A viruses of swine from commercial farms in Serbia.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Swine influenza presents a very important health and economic issue in pig productions worldwide. Viruses that cause the disease are genetically very diverse but usually belong to the H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the full genome of viruses detected in swine from seven commercial farms. Through the analysis of the complete sequences of internal gene cassette together with previously characterized HA and NA genes we found three different genotypes amongst five completely sequenced viruses. Two viruses possessed a completely H1avN1 genotype (40%) and belonged to the H1avN1 lineage, which is prevalent in European swine populations. The other three viruses have arisen through the reassortment of the genes of H1avN1 and H1N1pdm09 lineages. In one sample we detected coinfection with viruses of H3N2 subtype with genes of H1avN1, H1N1pdm09 and A/swine/Gent/1/1984-like H3N2 lineages that presents a potential environment for the generation of a triple reassortant virus. The presence of the H1N1pdm09 origin M gene in this sample implies the potential risk of the introduction of these viruses into the human population. Phylogenetic analysis of internal gene cassette revealed slower evolution within genes of H1N1pdm09 lineage than those of H1avN1 lineage.
Living With Genetic Vulnerability: a Life Course Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This is the second article of a two part series about utilizing the life course perspective (LCP) in genetic counseling. Secondary data analysis was conducted on a grounded theory, longitudinal study which provided a wide focus on living with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer ( HBOC ) risk. The aim of this analysis was to explore the longitudinal data for both the temporal and social context of living with BRCA mutation genetic test results. Sixteen women from two previous studies were interviewed on multiple occasions over an 8 year time period. The LCP was used to direct a thematic analysis of the data. Families experience the consequences of knowing they carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation long after the initial diagnosis. These women's experiences across time reflect the concepts of the LCP and show how life is changed when families know they live with a genetic vulnerability to an adult‐onset and potentially life‐threatening disease. Different emphases on concepts from the LCP were evident across the different age groups. For example, the group of 40–50 year old women emphasized the concept of linked lives , those in their 30's focused on human agency and women in their 20's were more focused on timing of events . This study helps give direction to healthcare providers counseling women living with a BRCA mutation.
Redundant Flight-Critical Control System Evaluation. Analog and Digital Systems Descriptions.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The U.S. SST prototype commercial airliner under development from 1967 to 1971 employed redundant flight-critical control systems as an essential part of the airplane's airworthiness. The flight control system electronics were analog for the flight-critical stability augmentation functions and digital for the automatic flight control functions. The digital system, through an automated preflight test function, also served to establish the integrity of the flight-critical elements. The SST program was terminated before these systems became operational. This study deals with the mechanization of redundant electronic systems. Specifically, the study evaluates analog and digital electronic designs for implementing a triplex fail-operational flight-critical control system. The primary subjects studied were analog and digital systems' multiple failure fail-operational capabilities and preflight integrity check requirements. This document describes the systems evaluated during the study. (Author)
“Unraveling the Neuroprotective Mechanism of Dioscorea bulbifera (DB) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Caused by Estrogen Loss: An Integrated Network Pharmacology Investigation and Experimental Validation”

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, characterized by cognitive decline, and is more prevalent in women, possibly due to estrogen loss after menopause. Dioscorea bulbifera (DB), a medicinal plant, has been proposed as a potential treatment for AD. However, the underlying mechanism of action of DB and its neuroprotective effects in AD, particularly in the context of estrogen loss, remain unclear. Method In this study, we employed an integrative network pharmacology approach to predict the mechanism of action of DB in AD. Using a collection of AD‐related genes and predicted DB targets, we identified putative targets, direct regulatory targets, and potential regulatory targets of DB. Pathway‐enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the pivotal pathways involved in DB’s treatment of AD. Molecular docking was conducted to verify the interactions between the core targets and the active ingredients of DB. In vivo experiments were conducted using ovariectomized rats induced with scopolamine to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of DB. Acetylcholine (Ach) and serum estradiol levels were quantified using ELISA. Result Our results identified 132 putative targets, including 68 direct regulatory targets and 25 potential regulatory targets of DB for the treatment of AD. Pathway‐enrichment analysis revealed that neurotransmitter clearance in the synaptic cleft was a crucial pathway in the treatment of AD with DB. Molecular docking further supported the interactions between the core targets (ESR1, APP, GSK3β, BACE1, AChE, and MAOB) and the active ingredients of DB. In vivo experiments using ovariectomized rats induced with scopolamine demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of DB and validated the predicted mechanism of action. Conclusion Our findings provide experimental support for the predicted mechanism of action of DB in AD caused by estrogen loss, and validate its neuroprotective effects using behavioral tests and ELISA in ovariectomized rats. DB may hold promise as a potential therapeutic option for AD, particularly in the context of estrogen loss, and further research is warranted to explore its full potential in AD treatment.
Patient’s psychological factors as predictors of treatment non-attendance in short- and long-term psychotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tavoitteet. Psykoterapiaan sitoutumattomuus heikentää terapian tuloksellisuutta sekä terveydenhuoltosektorin resurssien tehokasta käyttöä. Sitoutumattomuus ilmenee terapiasta kieltäytymisenä tai terapian keskeyttämisenä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää potilaan psykologisten muuttujien ja psykoterapiaan sitoutumattomuuden välistä yhteyttä. \nMenetelmät. Tutkimuksen aineisto käsitti yhteensä 326 Helsingin Psykoterapiatutkimukseen (Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, HPS) osallistunutta masennus- ja/ tai ahdistuneisuushäiriöistä kärsinyttä aikuisikäistä potilasta. Potilaat satunnaistettiin kolmeen tutkimusryhmään: voimavarasuuntautuneeseen terapiaan (n=97, 12 käyntiä), lyhyeen (n=101, 20 käyntiä) ja pitkään (n=128, 3 vuotta) psykodynaamiseen psykoterapiaan. Soveltuvuutta psykoterapiaan mitattiin Suitability for Psychotherapy Scale (SPS) –mittarin kokonaisasteikolla ja seitsemällä ala-asteikolla. Potilaan katsottiin kieltäytyneen terapiasta, mikäli hän satunnaistamisen jälkeen ei aloittanut tarjottua terapiaa. Terapia katsottiin keskeytyneeksi, mikäli se päättyi ennen terapian aiottua kestoa yksipuolisesti potilaan päätöksestä. Tilastollisissa analyyseissä käytettiin logistista regressio mallia ja Coxin mallia. \nTulokset ja johtopäätökset. Terapian aloittamatta jättäminen oli suurinta pitkään psykodynaamiseen psykoterapiaan ohjautuneilla, mikä saattoi johtua satunnaistamisesta. Odotetusti huonompi psykoterapiasoveltuvuus (SPS:n kokonaisasteikko) ennusti riskiä sitoutumattomuuteen. Psykoteerapia soveltuvuuden aladimensioista merkittävimmin sitoutumattomuuteen olivat yhteydessä ongelmallinen minäkuvan suhde ideaaliminään sekä huono vuorovaikutuksen sujuvuus ja reflektointikyky. Huono terapiasoveltuvuus johti korkeampaan riskiin keskeyttää voimavarasuuntautunut terapia tai pitkän psykodynaaminen terapia, mutta ei lyhyttä psykodynaamista terapiaa.
Robot and Human safety in a semi-automated assembly workspace

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Robots used for automation in industries should be able to react to any uncomfortable situations in their vicinity in order to avoid harming humans, working product, other machinery and itself. The manipulator robots might not only be able to predict potential collisions but should also be able to take intelligent decisions for automatically avoiding them with a safe detour around the obstacles. This paper introduces a 3D-Time- of-Flight sensor based SARPP algorithm which automatically plans path for the robot in a human robot collaborative semi- automated assembly environment. The application of algorithm can be foreseen in more complex Human-Robot-Collaborative industrial environment where the safety of human as well as robots are the highest priority.
Star Bodies with Completely Symmetric Sections

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We say that a star body $K$ is completely symmetric if it has centroid at the origin and its symmetry group $G$ forces any ellipsoid whose symmetry group contains $G$, to be a ball. In this short note, we prove that if all central sections of a star body $L$ are completely symmetric, then $L$ has to be a ball. A special case of our result states that if all sections of $L$ are origin symmetric and 1-symmetric, then $L$ has to be a Euclidean ball. This answers a question from [12]. Our result is a consequence of a general theorem that we establish, stating that if the restrictions to almost all equators of a real function $f$ defined on the sphere, are isotropic functions, then $f$ is constant a.e. In the last section of this note, applications, improvements, and related open problems are discussed, and two additional open questions from [11] and [12] are answered.
Four new Pseudosinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from La Rioja, Spain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Simón, José C., Palacios-Vargas, José G. (2008): Four new Pseudosinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from La Rioja, Spain. Zootaxa 1728: 59-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181256
Optimization of protoplast isolation protocols from callus of Eurycoma longifolia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Protoplast technology offers a unique single cell system that facilitates several aspects of modern biotechnology. In this study, an efficient protocol to isolate the protoplast from callus culture of a valuable medicinal plant in Southeast Asia,Eurycoma longifolia was developed. A range of parameters which influence the isolation of E. longifolia protoplasts were investigated by using “change-one-factor-at-a-time” method. From the results obtained, callus fresh weight (FW) of 0.2 g produced the highest number of viable protoplasts, which was 1.58 ± 0.36 × 104protoplasts/gFW. The highest amount of viable protoplasts (1.75 ± 0.68 × 104protoplasts/gFW) was obtained when the sorbitol concentration was maintained at 0.5 M. The optimum enzyme concentration was found to be 1.5% (w/v) of cellulase and pectinase in which 2.75 ± 1.04 × 104 protoplasts/gFW were isolated. Meanwhile, an incubation period of 3 h with enzyme solution resulted in the maximum yield of protoplasts (5.58 ±1.46 × 104 protoplasts/gFW).

Key words: Eurycoma longifolia, callus culture, protoplast, osmoticum, viability.
Intercellular synchronization of diffusively coupled astrocytes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We examine the synchrony of the dynamics of localized [Ca^{2+}]_i oscillations in internal pool of astrocytes via diffusing coupling of a network of such cells in a certain topology where cytosolic Ca^{2+} and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) are coupling molecules; and possible long range interaction among the cells. Our numerical results claim that the cells exhibit fairly well coordinated behaviour through this coupling mechanism. It is also seen in the results that as the number of coupling molecular species is increased, the rate of synchrony is also increased correspondingly. Apart from the topology of the cells taken, as the number of coupled cells around any one of the cells in the system is increased, the cell process information faster.
Calculation of self-diffusion coefficients in supercritical carbon dioxide using mean force kinetic theory

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an application of mean force kinetic theory (MFT) to the calculation of the self-diffusivity of CO2 in the supercritical fluid regime. Two modifications to the typical application of MFT are employed to allow its application to a system of molecular species. The first is the assumption that the inter-particle potential of mean force can be obtained from the molecule center-of-mass pair correlation function, which in the case of CO2 is the C–C pair correlation function. The second is a new definition of the Enskog factor that describes the effect of correlations at the surface of the collision volume. The new definition retains the physical picture that this quantity represents a local density increase, resulting from particle correlations, relative to that in the zero density homogeneous fluid limit. These calculations are facilitated by the calculation of pair correlation functions from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the FEPM2 molecular CO2 model. The self-diffusivity calculated from theory is in good agreement with that from MD simulations up to and slightly beyond the density at the location of the Frenkel line. The calculation is compared with and is found to perform similarly well to other commonly used models but has a greater potential for application to systems of mixed species and to systems of particles with long range interatomic potentials due to electrostatic interactions.
An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Competences and Innovativeness of Successors in Family SMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background and Purpose: In the recent period, scholarly interest for family entrepreneurship and succession has been increasing while the question of innovative capability of family SMEs and of innovativeness of founders and successors is relatively unexplored. Little is known about the factors, which are positively correlated, or affect innovativeness of successors in family SMEs. This research explores the relationship between entrepreneurial competences of the founders in family SMEs and innovativeness of their successors. Design/Methodology/Approach: The target group were family SMEs of the first and the second generation – their founders and successors in Slovenia. As our research includes two independent samples with mostly ordinal data, we used univariate (analysis of means, variance, reliability index Cronbach alpha, t-test) and multivariate (simultaneous analysis of more variables, correlation) statistical methods to study the two constructs - entrepreneurial competences of the founders and innovativeness of successors, to test the positive correlation between the two. Results: Results indicate that entrepreneurial competences like creativity, attitude toward risk-taking, attitude toward negotiations, technical knowledge and skills and marketing knowledge and skills of the founders in family SMEs positively correlate with innovativeness of successors. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial competences of founders are important factor for fostering innovativeness of successors. Conclusion: This paper links the two studied constructs and presents a valuable contribution for entrepreneurship theory; therefore, the results could be used for a further scientific research as also for practical implications.
INFLUENCE OF ACUTE INFECTION AND ARTIFICIAL FEVER ON THE PLASMA LIPIDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The chance observation of a precipitous drop in the plasma lecithin values of several epileptic patients in whom there developed acute infections during studies on the blood lipids suggested the investigation of the various lipid fractions of the blood plasma in acute infections and in artificially induced fever. In a previous study1we presented the results in a preliminary series of cases of various acute infections. Not only the plasma lecithin but the plasma cholesterol and fatty acids were determined. In every case, at the height of the disease there was a definite lowering of the plasma lecithin and cholesterol. The values became subnormal, but they arose again during convalescence, approaching or reaching normal. Changes in the total fatty acid values paralleled those for the lecithin and the cholesterol in most instances. Although the literature revealed that the plasma cholesterol values had previously been found to be lowered in
Kill the Messenger: T-cell/B-cell Interactions in cGVHD

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a common complication in patients after receiving an allogeneic tissue transplant, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors. cGVHD was viewed predominantly as a T-cell mediated disease but the emerging evidences indicate the crucial role of B-cell and other immune cells in its pathogenesis. In their original paper in Blood [1], Flynn et al. show that increased frequency of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal center (GC) Bcells correlates with the development of cGVHD in a murine model and that blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for interleukin-21 (IL-21), inducble T-cell costimulator (ICOS) and CD40 ligand reverse cGVHD. These data demonstrate the importance of T follicular helper (Tfh) and germinal center (GC) Bcells in the pathogenesis of cGVHD and associated bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and suggest that new therapies using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting Tfh cells, GC B cells, and their interactions could potentially reverse established pulmonary cGVHD.
Statistical Methodological Issues in Handling of Fatty Acid Data: Percentage or Concentration, Imputation and Indices

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Basic aspects in the handling of fatty acid‐data have remained largely underexposed. Of these, we aimed to address three statistical methodological issues, by quantitatively exemplifying their imminent confounding impact on analytical outcomes: (1) presenting results as relative percentages or absolute concentrations, (2) handling of missing/non‐detectable values, and (3) using structural indices for data‐reduction. Therefore, we reanalyzed an example dataset containing erythrocyte fatty acid‐concentrations of 137 recurrently depressed patients and 73 controls. First, correlations between data presented as percentages and concentrations varied for different fatty acids, depending on their correlation with the total fatty acid‐concentration. Second, multiple imputation of non‐detects resulted in differences in significance compared to zero‐substitution or omission of non‐detects. Third, patients' chain length‐, unsaturation‐, and peroxidation‐indices were significantly lower compared to controls, which corresponded with patterns interpreted from individual fatty acid tests. In conclusion, results from our example dataset show that statistical methodological choices can have a significant influence on outcomes of fatty acid analysis, which emphasizes the relevance of: (1) hypothesis‐based fatty acid‐presentation (percentages or concentrations), (2) multiple imputation, preventing bias introduced by non‐detects; and (3) the possibility of using (structural) indices, to delineate fatty acid‐patterns thereby preventing multiple testing.
Coagulation studies for cellulose in the ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate (NH3/NH4SCN) direct solvent system

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An extensive study of the coagulation of cellulose from cellulose/ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate solutions is presented. The effect of major variables upon the coagulation process for cellulose solutions is reported. Microscopic observations of the moving boundary associated with the coagulation were performed on gelled cellulose solutions to determine the coagulation rate as a function of molecular volumes of coagulant, bath temperatures, bath compositions, and cellulose concentrations. The data were analyzed by means of a one‐dimensional linear diffusion model based on Fick's law, thereby depicting the mechanism of the coagulation process, and obtaining the diffusion coefficients of mobile components involved in the coagulation.