jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Year of the French

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bern remained reluctant to offer Geneva active support, a city which, apart from its Protestantism, lay beyond Bern’s geographical orbit. It feared reprisals from the Catholic cantons, and wished to remain on good terms with Fribourg. Above all, it feared France’s designs upon Savoy, including Geneva, which stretched back to the 1510s. French spies were scouting Geneva’s hinterland from early 1535. In November a small army under François Verey attempted to relieve Geneva, almost certainly under French instructions: Verey promised Geneva the French king’s protection. The most Bern did was to threaten to cancel its long-standing Burgrecht with Savoy. But there was popular support in Bern for intervention. The death of the duke of Milan in November rekindled French ambitions in Italy, imperilling Savoy.
Beauty Industry: Influence of Unscrupulous Advertising on Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although environmental ethics debate is unfolding, social ethics is still not in the limelight. For example, senseless beauty standards in cosmetic ads can adversely affect women's behavior. This study aims to understand unethical practices in the beauty industry and how they affect women's purchasing behavior. The research makes it easy to investigate the corrupt ethics of culturally diverse countries. By using descriptive research design, this study analyses the impact of women objectification in ads on women buying decisions. For the analysis, the data was obtained by surveying 300 women from three groups: working professionals, students above 18 years, and homemakers. The remarkable results to emerge from the survey relate to (naming a few): the role of women objectification in women purchase decisions, the essential aspects women consider while buying beauty products, the importance of the right makeup in their life, unnaturalistic beauty standards in society. The study suggests that advertisers should create such advertisements and marketing messages that follows the given code of ethics and prevent the emergence of unnaturalistic beauty standards in society.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Telomerase activity controls telomere length and plays a pivotal role in stem cells, aging, and cancer. Here, we report a molecular link between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the expression of the telomerase subunit Tert. β-Catenin-deficient mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells have short telomeres; conversely, ES cell expressing an activated form of β-catenin (β-cat(ΔEx3/+)) have long telomeres. We show that β-catenin regulates Tert expression through the interaction with Klf4, a core component of the pluripotency transcriptional network. β-Catenin binds to the Tert promoter in a mouse intestinal tumor model and in human carcinoma cells. We uncover a previously unknown link between the stem cell and oncogenic potential whereby β-catenin regulates Tert expression, and thereby telomere length, which could be critical in human regenerative therapy and cancer. PMID: 22723415
II. The Negro Protest Against Ghetto Conditions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Review| March 01 1927 II. The Negro Protest Against Ghetto Conditions Herbert J. Seligman Herbert J. Seligman National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1927) 25 (6): 831–833. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1927.25.6.831 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Herbert J. Seligman; II. The Negro Protest Against Ghetto Conditions. Current History 1 March 1927; 25 (6): 831–833. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1927.25.6.831 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1927 by The Regents of the University of California1927 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A fiber laser temperature-sensing system with customizable sensitivity based on beat frequency demodulation method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a customizable, sensitive fiber laser temperature-sensing scheme based on beat frequency demodulation method is proposed. The scheme adopts a ring fiber laser cavity structure and monitors temperature variations by tracking changes in the beat frequency signal (BFS). An erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to provide gain for the optical fiber laser sensing system, and an ordinary single-mode fiber is used as the sensing head. Sensing fibers of different lengths were heated, and the sensitivities were estimated at -0.177, -0.538, and -1.116 kHz/°C for lengths of 1, 4, and 8 m, respectively. Meanwhile, by measuring the monitored frequency shifts, different sensitivities were obtained, estimated at -0.42 and -1.12 kHz/°C for monitored frequencies of 0.5 and 1.168 GHz, respectively. The BFS bandwidth reaches to 8.0 GHz, the signal-to-noise ratio is approximately 65 dB, and the -3dB linewidth is less than 2.5 kHz.
Nutritional Management of the Infant With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Optimal nutrition and growth in patients with severe, established bronchopulmonary dysplasia are complex and require an understanding of the factors and challenges that affect this population. Most publications have reported weight gain as the primary outcome because of ease of measurement, accuracy, and repeatability. There is, however, increasing evidence that linear growth is better correlated with long-term development and pulmonary outcomes. In addition, factors such as stress, inflammation, respiratory support and stability, and medication exposures have a direct influence on achieving nutritional success in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This article reviews concepts related to these challenges and provides recommendations for achieving successful nutrition in this population.
Normal Pregnancies after Treatment of Hyperprolactinemia with Bromoergocryptine, Despite Suspected Pituitary Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bromocryptine treatment was administered to 15 patients with amenorrhea and galactorrhea (AG) and to 1 patient with amenorrhea. All of them had increased plasma PRL levels. Of these 16 patients, 4 had a normal sella turcica (ST; group STO), 4 had a slight enlargement (group ST+), and 7 had a clear enlargement of ST (ST++) but no evidence of suprasellar extension. Ovulation was restored in 15 patients by bromocryptine treatment only. In one patient, ovulation resumed only after human pituitary gonadotropin treatment in combination with bromocryptine. There was no correlation between basal prolactinemia, PRL stimulability or suppressibility, the size of ST, or the efficiency of bromocryptine treatment. Every patient with normal LH response to either LRH or clomiphene or both resumed ovulation. Ovulation resumed in 3 patients among the 4 with abnormal LH response to either LRH or clomiphene or both. Among the 14 who desired pregnancy, 13 became pregnant. To date, 12 patients (ST++, 5; ST+, 3; STO, 4) have delivered normal babies. The courses of pregnancy were normal. During pregnancy, no change of ST was noted on lateral and frontal skull x-ray performed in every patient at trimonthly intervals. There was no change in the sellar index in 10 patients after pregnancy, as compared to the pretreatment status. In the presence of a pituitary adenoma or in patients with hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea and galactorrhea, bromocryptine treatment may cure sterility without pituitary complication during pregnancy.
Development and Evaluation of an Impedance Spectroscopy Sensor to Assess Cooking Oil Quality

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When the cooking oil is used repeatedly, several unwanted substances are generated, which may cause health problems. This study was conducted to determine the possibility of using the impedance spectroscopy to differentiate among varying cooking oil quality at various intervals of heating time at constant temperature. The frequency has started from 100 Hz to 100kHz. Fresh, 10-hour, 20-hour, 30-hour, and 40-hour heated cooking oil was prepared by using lab oven at temperature of 180oC. In this study, a sensing probe was designed to measure the electrical properties of the oil samples. The oil samples were analyzed using a viscometer to measure the viscosity of the oil, a sensor to measure total polar compound (TPC), and an impedance probe connected to a LCR meter to measure the electrical properties of the oil. The measurements were analyzed and correlated with oil quality parameters obtained from a viscometer and a sensor of TPC. The discrimination between different heated hours of oil samples was examined and the results were compared to their physico-chemical properties such as viscosity and total polar compounds. The effect of heating of frying oils were successfully evaluated and discriminated using the impedance spectroscopy. Significant correlations (r -0.98472) were found between changes in total polar compound properties of oil and the impedance values.
Characterization of Superlighting Polymer−DNA Aggregates:  A Fluorescence and Light Scattering Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The massive amplification of fluorescence signal observed upon hybridization of as few as five DNA molecules into self-assembled structures formed between a cationic polymer and DNA oligonucleotides is investigated. These superlighting polymer-DNA aggregates were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, static and dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements in order to characterize the aggregation behavior and to understand the processes involved during DNA detection. Multi-angle laser light scattering was also used to obtain the weight-average aggregate mass (AM), the aggregation number (Nagg), the radius of gyration (Rg), and the dissymmetry ratio (z). These results have been used, together with TEM imaging, to propose a suitable physical model for the aggregates.
An Analytical Study of Skull Deformation During Head Impacts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Spherical shells have been employed to model impacts to human heads; however, an ellipsoidal shell is that is more realistic model of the head has not fully investigated. In this paper, impact of an elastic ellipsoidal shell with an elastic flat half space is analytically analyzed and a closed-form solution is derived which led to a complex differential equation. Due to the complexity of the impact equation it could not be solved by standard solutions. Therefore, the Newtonian method and a linearization scheme are employed to simplify this equation in order to obtain the response of the impact problem and the closed-form solution. The analytical solutions are validated by finite element method. Good agreement between the closed form solution and the FE results is observed. To show the difference, the ellipsoidal solutions are also compared to the spherical solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this method and its closed-form solution have not been addressed in the literature. It is concluded that the closed-form solution is trustworthy and can be used to investigate the impact of the skull (as an elastic ellipsoidal shell) with a rigid or elastic plate, including the skull deformation and parametric studies. This solution could be expanded to include the brain materials inside the ellipsoidal shell.
Artificial Solid-Electrolyte Interface Facilitating Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Anodes via Nanowetting Effect

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The formation of dendrites on a zinc (Zn) metal anode has limited its practical applications on aqueous batteries. Herein, an artificial composite protective layer consisting of nanosized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to improve the poor wetting effect of aqueous electrolytes on the Zn anode is proposed to reconstruct the Zn/electrolyte interface. In this layer, hydrophilic MOF nanoparticles serve as interconnecting electrolyte reservoirs enabling nanolevel wetting effect as well as regulating an electrolyte flux on Zn anode. This zincophilic interface exhibits significantly reduced charge-transfer resistance. As a result, stable and dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping cycling performance is achieved for over 500 cycles. In addition, especially at higher C-rates, the coating layer significantly reduces the overpotentials in a Zn/MnO2 aqueous battery during cycling. The proposed principle and method in this work demonstrate an effective way to reconstruct a stable interface on metal anodes (e.g., Zn) where a conventional solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) cannot be formed.
Hazard perception training effectiveness on experienced drivers: decay of improvement in the follow-up

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A variety of road hazard perception training programmes have been proposed recently, based on the assumption that these skills contribute to lower crash rates across different countries. However, the long-term effectiveness of suggested programmes has been under-investigated. The main objective of this study is to explore the long-term effectiveness of online hazard perception training for experienced drivers and examine the moderating role of driving self-efficacy. Fifty-six experienced drivers (21 males and 35 females) were assigned to the experimental (n = 31) or the control (n = 25) group. The experimental group received two 45 min session interventions; the control group received no intervention. The effectiveness of the programme was tested by the change in scores of Lithuanian hazard prediction test (HPT) LHP12 that was conducted before training (pre-test), immediately after training (post-test) and six months after training (follow-up). The twelve-item Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (ADSES; George et al., 2007) was used to measure self-reported driving self-efficacy at the pre-test. The results revealed a significant increase in hazard prediction scores immediately after training, but the short-term effect of training decayed at follow-up. Experienced drivers with higher self-efficacy developed better hazard prediction skills during training. The results confirmed short-term effectiveness of the programme.
Betrayal by the South Pacific. by David Robie

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

tag=1 data=Betrayal by the South Pacific. by David Robie

tag=2 data=Robie, David

tag=3 data=Pacific Islands Monthly,

tag=4 data=62

tag=5 data=1

tag=6 data=January 1992

tag=7 data=18,19.

tag=8 data=SOUTH-EAST ASIA

tag=9 data=EAST TIMOR

tag=10 data=The South Pacific has failed to heed the plight of Melanesians in the Indonesian colony.

tag=11 data=1992/4/2

tag=12 data=92/0127

tag=13 data=CAB
Gas Chemical Nanosensors with Sensing Elements Based on Copper and Nickel Oxides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of the development of gas chemical nanosensors with sensing elements based on copper and nickel oxides are presented in the review. The developed devices are systematized in accordance with the construction features of their sensing elements. Both types of nanosensors are divided into three groups. The first group includes devices with sensing elements containing a coating of only copper oxide or nickel oxide. The second group combines devices with sensing elements containing a coating of a layer of copper oxide or nickel oxide with an outer layer of another material. The third group are nanosensors with sensing elements containing a coating in the form of a layer of a composite material based on copper oxide or nickel oxide. The performance characteristics of these groups of devices are considered. Some patterns in their behavior are discussed. In particular, the potential of nanosensors in the identification of a large number of inorganic and organic chemical compounds is demonstrated. The effect of the morphology, thickness, and composition of the coating and temperature of the sensing elements on the sensitivity and selectivity of measurements and the response and recovery times is shown.
Time as the result of the observer’s measurement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Since the beginning of physics, time is the duration of material changes. We measure time with clocks. The notion of time in Newton physics, Einstein’s relativity, and quantum physics are different despite we always measure the same time with the same apparatuses that are clocks. We showed in this article that the act of the measurement done by the observer is generating duration. Time as duration is the result of the interaction between the observer and physical reality via clocks. In the universe, only changes exist. Changes have no duration on their own. Time as duration is born with the measurement done by the observer. Duration is relative and depends on the variable energy density of time-invariant superfluid quantum space that is the carrier of EPR-type entanglement.
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Hypericum hirsutum L. from Suva planina (SE Serbia)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The genus Hypericum (family Hypericaceae) includes over 500 species with a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts, and polar regions. Hypericum hirsutum L., known as Hairy St. John's wort, is very similar to the main representative of genus Hypericum - Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort). Hypericum hirsutum has the typical St. John's wort flower about half an inch or more across and a pale yellow color; blunt, oval, translucent-dotted leaves about 2.5-5 cm long on a smooth, hairy and generally unbranched stem up to about 30-60 cm tall. This perennial species is widely distributed throughout Europe (except the Mediterranean region), northwestern Africa, China and southwestern Asia [1]. Herein, we analyzed by GC-MS the composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil from the aboveground parts of H. hirsutum , leaves and stems, and brown capsules (with seeds) at the fruiting stage, separately. The yield of both essential-oil samples was rather low (0.038%, and 0.055%, for leaves and stems, and capsules, respectively), based on the weight of air-dried plant material collected from Suva planina, a mountain in southeastern Serbia. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 90 components in the essential oil of the leaves and stems, and 45 components from the essential oil of the capsules, representing ca. 90% of the total GC-peak areas detected (for both samples). The main components of the leaf essential oil were: n -nonane (16.8%), n -undecane (10.1%), ( E )-β-farnesene (9.3), caryophyllene oxide (5.0%), spathulenol (4.5%), ( E , E )-α-farnesene (4.0%), δ-cadinene (3.5%), ( E )-caryophyllene (3.2%), germacrene D (3.0%), and ( E )-β-ocimene (2.1%); and the main components in the essential-oil sample from the capsules were: alloaromadendrene (11.5%), caryophyllene oxide (11.1%), n -undecane (7.6%), ( E )-caryophyllene (6.1%), γ-humulene (5.8%), δ-cadinene (5.6%), α-longipinene (5.4%), α-bisabolol (3.6%), and n -nonane (3.3%).
Biogeochemistry of Hg in Soil-Plant System in Regions with Anthropogenic Contamination

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Application of selected separation techniques and obtained total Hg concentrations in studied plant species indicate relatively low Hg phytoavailability in studied soils. Calculated separation yields for applied separation techniques were in many cases comparable with soil-plant transfer recovery values for studied plant species. Distribution of Hg in roots of studied root vegetables showed the tendency of increasing amount of Hg from basal towards terminal part of root.
Methods to obtain referral criteria in growth monitoring

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An important goal of growth monitoring is to identify genetic disorders, diseases or other conditions that manifest themselves through an abnormal growth. The two main conditions that can be detected by height monitoring are Turner’s syndrome and growth hormone deficiency. Conditions or risk factors that can be detected by monitoring weight or body mass index include hypernatremic dehydration, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis and obesity. Monitoring infant head growth can be used to detect macrocephaly, developmental disorder and ill health in childhood. This paper describes statistical methods to obtain evidence-based referral criteria in growth monitoring. The referral criteria that we discuss are based on either anthropometric measurement(s) at a fixed age using (1) a Centile or a Standard Deviation Score, (2) a Standard Deviation corrected for parental height, (3) a Likelihood Ratio Statistic and (4) an ellipse, or on multiple measurements over time using (5) a growth rate and (6) a growth curve model. We review the potential uses of these methods, and outline their strengths and limitations.
Physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI and smoking status before and after prostate cancer diagnosis in the ProtecT trial: Opportunities for lifestyle modification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Associations between certain lifestyle characteristics and prostate cancer risk have been reported, and continuation post-diagnosis can adversely affect prognosis. We explored whether men make spontaneous changes to their physical activity and alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status, following a diagnosis of localised prostate cancer. A detailed diet, health and lifestyle questionnaire was completed by 511 participants within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) randomised controlled trial, both before and 9 months after a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Of 177 men who were insufficiently active before their diagnosis (median 0 activity units/week; IQR 0-9), 40.7% had increased their activity by a median of 22 U week(-1) (IQR 15-35) 9 months later, and there was weak evidence that men were more active after diagnosis than before (p = 0.07). Men categorised as "working" occupational social class and who were insufficiently active before diagnosis were 2.03 (95%, CI = 1.03-3.99, p = 0.04) times more likely to have increased their physical activity levels compared to men classified as "managerial or professional." Similarly, men who were insufficiently active pre-diagnosis and with T-stage 2 compared with T-stage 1 prostate cancer were 2.47 (95%, CI = 1.29-4.71, p = 0.006) times more likely to be sufficiently active post-diagnosis. Following diagnosis, there was an overall reduction in alcohol intake (p = 0.03) and the proportion of current smokers (p = 0.09), but no overall change in BMI. We conclude that some men spontaneously change certain lifestyle behaviours on receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer. For many men, however, additional support through lifestyle interventions is probably required to facilitate and maintain these changes.