jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neurobiological correlates of behavioural alterations in mouse models of MBNL2 deficiency and pharmacological interventions : relevance for myotonic dystrophy type 1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare disease characterized by muscular defects, as well as, cognitive and mood alterations. Although these neurophysiological disturbances are very debilitating, there is lack of data on the neurobiological mechanisms involved, and no specific treatment is available. Here, we investigated the neurobiological correlates underlying MBNL2 loss-of-function using two transgenic mouse lines: (i) constitutive Mbnl2 knockout (KO) mice and (ii) tissue-specific KO mice, where Mbnl2 expression is selectively deleted in the glutamatergic neurons of the forebrain. We demonstrated that both models exhibit long-term memory recognition deficits and a depressive-like state associated with increased microglia and altered neurochemical levels. Moreover, chronic treatments with the psychostimulant methylphenidate and the atypical antidepressant mirtazapine attenuated these behavioural alterations through a reduction of pro-inflammatory microglial overexpression and restoring the levels of several neurotransmitters and its receptors. Together, these data reveal new insights into the neurobiology of DM1 and provide evidence that methylphenidate and mirtazapine could be novel potential candidates to alleviate the debilitating symptoms related to the central nervous system in patients with DM1.
Parameter Identification of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems using Frequency Domain Volterra model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

비선형 함수로 모델링되는 동적 시스템의 비선형 파라미터를 결정하기 위하여 주파수 영역 볼테라 모델을 적용하는 연구를 수행하였다. 시간영역의 1차, 2차, 3차 전달함수에 해당하는 주파수 영역의 볼테라 핵함수를 비선형 파라미터 산정 과정에 3차 비선형 항까지 포함시켰다. Schetzen의 방법으로 시스템의 비선형 미분방정식에 적합한 볼테라 급수 표현식을 정하고, 이로부터 유도되는 비선형 전달함수를 입력 출력 관계식에 사용하였다. 관찰된 입력을 비선형 주파수 영역 모델에 대입하여 계산한 출력과 관찰된 출력의 차이로 오차를 정의한 후 오차를 최소화 시키는 시스템 파라미터의 값을 구하였다. 예제를 통하여 선형 주파수 구간 뿐만 아니라 2차 혹은 3차 비선형이 지배적인 주파수 범위 대에서 볼테라 모델이 충분한 정확성과 수렴성을 가지며 인식된 파라미터는 실제 값과 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. Frequency domain Volterra model is applied to nonlinear parameter identification procedure for dynamic systems modeled by nonlinear function. The frequency domain Volterra kernels, which correspond io linear, quadratic, and cubic transfer functions in lime domain, are incorporated in nonlinear parametric identification procedure. The nonlinear transfer functions, which can be derived from the Volterra series representation of the nonlinear differential equation of the system by Schetzen's method(1980), are directly used for modeling input output relation. The error is defined by the difference between the observed output and the estimated output which is calculated by substituting the observed input to nonlinear frequency domain model. The system parameters are searched by minimizing the error. Volterra model guarantees enough accuracy and convergence and the estimated coefficients have a good agreement with their actual values not only in the linear frequency region but also in the legion where the $2^{nd}\;or\;3^{rd}$ order nonlinearity is dominant.
Oil and the Origins of the Great War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article looks at the strategic if little‐known role of oil and construction of the Berlin to Baghdad railway link between the German Reich and the Persian Gulf through what is today Iraq, in igniting an economic, military, and diplomatic confrontation in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and how it ultimately contributed to the move to war in 1914. This article will set down the background to this contentious issue, and analyze the various interpretations that authors have set down in the past. It will argue that despite appearances, the British Empire was in decline after about 1873 while the new German economic colossus presented an entirely new challenge to British hegemony. To secure future domination of the seas, after 1882 leading British circles around Admiral Fischer and Winston Churchill pushed through the conversion of the Royal Navy from coal to oil. The article goes into how the Berlin‐Baghdad presented an unacceptable strategic threat to that vital strategy. The various phases in the buildup to the Great War will be examined, along with the role of oil within this broad framework. Finally, the author will posit his own conclusions to this debate.
Investigation of Social Media Metrics and Communication for Nonprofits Arts Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social media has a growing presence as a source of communication for the nonprofit arts sector. Many organizations use social media in an attempt to communicate and develop relationships with audiences. However, there is not much research about social media or how an organization should use it as a method to improve social media communication with its audience. During a ten-week summer internship at the Philadelphia Photo Arts Center, I conducted social media research and develop a social media plan. The Philadelphia Photo Arts Center is an nonprofit arts organization that is devoted to the study, practice and appreciation of photography in Philadelphia. The mission is fulfilled by providing exhibits, educational programs, and affordable access to photography equipment. I worked with the staff to develop social media tactics that would improve PPAC use of social media and communication with its audience. I used this experience as a case study for this thesis to help describe social media communication and social media evaluative metrics. The goal of this thesis is to determine if social media can be used as a source of communication, if there are metrics that a nonprofit arts organization can track and if those metrics can be used to help an organization improve its communication efforts. This case study research found that social media can provide an additional source of communication for organizations and their audiences. It also found that before committing to a social media strategy, an organization conducts research regarding existing social media presence and measurable evaluative metrics that will help improve communication.
Global Coagulation Testing in Acute Care Medicine: Back to Bedside?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Detailed and decisive information about the patients' coagulation status is important in various emergency situations. Conventional global coagulation testing strategies are often used to provide a quick overview, but several limitations particularly in the trauma setting are well described. With the introduction of direct oral anticoagulations (DOACs), a milestone for several disease entities resulting in overall improved outcomes could be reached, but at the same time providing new diagnostic challenges for the emergency situation. Design As an alternative to conventional coagulation tests, there is increasing clinical and scientific interest in the use of early whole blood strategies to provide goal-directed coagulation therapies (GDCT) and hemostatic control in critically ill patients. Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) were therefore introduced to several clinical applications and may provide as a bedside point-of-care method for faster information on the underlying hemostatic deficiency. Conclusion The use of VHA-based algorithms to guide hemostatic control in emergency situations now found its way to several international guidelines for patients at risk of bleeding. With this qualitative review, we would like to focus on VHA-based GDCT and review the current evidence for its use, advantages, and challenges in the two different clinical scenarios of trauma and intracerebral bleeding/stroke management.
Reactive dyeing of silk using commercial acid dyes based on a three‐component Mannich‐type reaction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Acid dyes are employed for commercially dyeing silk, which results in ionic bonds between the silk fibroin and the dye. This generally leads to low wet fastness properties for dyed silk fabrics. In this work, three commercial acid dyes with aromatic primary amine structures were selected to dye silk using a Mannich‐type reaction, resulting in improved wet fastness of dyed silk by forming covalent bonds between silk fibroin and dye. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing was applied to silk fabrics at both 30 and 90°C in trials. Dyeing at 90°C can shorten the dyeing time compared with dyeing at 30°C, even although dye exhaustion and relative fixation at 90°C were a little lower. The dyeing process was optimised when the dyeing temperature was 90°C, dyebath pH 4, dye‐to‐formaldehyde ratio 1:30 and holding dyeing time 60 minutes. The results showed that the dye exhaustion on silk fabrics for the three aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes exceeded 94% and their relative fixation was over 80%. Their washing and rubbing fastness reached grade 4 or higher. Hence, the colour fastness properties of dyed silk fabrics using the Mannich‐type reactive dyeing method is superior to the conventional acid dyeing method using the same aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing for silk fabrics at 90°C can be developed into a novel and rapid reactive dyeing method, promising an effective dyeing process with excellent colour fastness.
Effects of Leisure Satisfaction of Women in Multi-cultural Families on Their Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the digital nomad phenomenon of the 21st century emerged, Korea has become a multi-racial state like many other countries. With the increased number of foreign women entering Korea with the purpose of marrying a Korean man, academia has been actively engaged in research regarding multi-cultural family migrant women. However, there have been relatively a few studies on the mental health of migrant women. comparing there emerging importance in societal and academic perspectives. In this study, migrant women from multi-cultural families living in South Korea were surveyed to investigate the effects of perceived leisure satisfaction on psychological wellbeing, together with the mediated effect of life satisfaction. A total of 254 valid samples were collected by questionnaire survey. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, multivariate and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to examine the suggested hypotheses. Result is that, first, perceived leisure satisfaction of migrant women showed a positive effect on self-acceptance, life purpose and interpersonal relationships among the four factors of psychological wellbeing, and no effect on autonomy was found. Second, perceived leisure satisfaction of migrant women showed a positive (+) effect on their level of life satisfaction and has a strong influence on their level of life satisfaction in Korea. Third, the perceived life satisfaction of migrant women showed a positive (+) effect on psychological wellbeing.
Vibrational properties of Al<inf>x</inf>In<inf>1−x</inf>P ternary semiconductor alloys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The vibrational properties of zinc-blende Al x In 1-x P have been investigated. Our computations are based on the empirical pseudopotential method under the virtual crystal approximation VCA. Our findings are found to be in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental data in the literature. The effect of compositional disorder on the studied properties of the material of interest has been examined and discussed.
Degrees of iterates of rational maps on normal projective varieties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let X be a normal projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. We study the sequence of intermediate degrees of the iterates of a dominant rational selfmap of X, recovering former results by Dinh, Sibony [DS05b], and by Truong [Tru16].Precisely, we give a new proof of the submultiplicativity properties of these degrees and of its birational invariance. Our approach exploits intensively positivity properties in the space of numerical cycles of arbitrary codimension. In particular, we prove an algebraic version of an inequality first obtained by Xiao [Xia15] and Popovici [Pop16], which generalizes Siu's inequality (see [Trap95]) to algebraic cycles of arbitrary codimension. This allows us to show that the degree of a map is controlled up to a uniform constant by the norm of its action by pull-back on the space of numerical classes in X.
Portable vehicular electronic nose system for detection of automobile exhaust

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we developed a powerful vehicular electronic nose system for detection of automobile exhaust gases such as monoxide and hydrocarbon (CO/HC). Commercially available metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) multi-sensor system and artificial neural network based gas pattern recognition method were used to improve selectivity of gas sensors and accurately discriminate gas components. A single chip was used for sampling and processing sensor response data as well as gave the automobile exhaust detection result. The classification for emitted gases was based on a momentum and adaptive learning rate backpropagation (BP) artificial neural network whose weights and biases were trained in advance and programmed in the microcontroller unit (MCU). Experimental results demonstrate that the system not only could effectively detect the individual components from their mixtures but also could monitor the risk grade of each gas with sufficient accuracy.
On the Approximation of Saddlepoint Expansions in Statistics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The saddlepoint approximation as developed by Daniels [3] is an extremely accurate method for approximating probability distributions. Econometric and statistical applications of the technique to densities of statistics of interest are often hindered by the requirements of explicit knowledge of the c.g.f. and the need to obtain an analytical solution to the saddlepoint defining equation. In this paper, we show the conditions under which any approximation to the saddlepoint is justified and suggest a convenient solution. We illustrate with an approximate saddlepoint expansion of the Durbin-Watson test statistic.
Student’s perception of gender equality, stereotypes, and women in sports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic from May 5, 2021, as well as all previous ones, enshrined the equality of rights and freedoms of men and women. Moreover, Kyrgyzstan had real experience of gender equality during the USSR. However, the positive experience of the past and the constitutional and legal consolidation of gender equality today cannot solve the problem of discrimination against women’s rights in society and the family. The government’s loyalty to the active dissemination of Islamic values, low GDP, and unemployment have led to an increase in domestic violence against women. More than 10 thousand women annually turn to crisis centers, because of domestic violence, polygamy, bride kidnapping, and underage marriage. Involving women in sports could significantly increase women’s self-confidence and improve their physical and therefore mental health. If the feminization of sports is happening all over the world, then in Kyrgyzstan patriarchal values with corresponding gender stereotypes put a woman before an existential choice - family or career, family or sport. The study is aimed at finding out what students think about gender equality in its socio-political, economic, and cultural aspects.
Adaptive code modulation for 2D optical memories

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Volumetric and page oriented optical storage systems have a great potential for high data density and high speed through page oriented data access (Haichuan Zhang et al, Proc. 18th IEEE Symp. Mass Storage Sys., 2001). However, in order to be practical, they have to maintain data integrity using error correction and modulation codes. The coding comes at a cost of spatial overhead of codeword size over the source data size, and processing time overhead for encoding and decoding. Our proposed adaptive modulation scheme strives to minimize both overheads. It achieves utilization of 74% with constant time complexity, which is competitive with other recently proposed schemes for page-oriented memories.
Assessment of ultrasound elastography to grade hepatic steatosis in a rat model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo explore whether the non-invasive method of ultrasound elastography can diagnose and grade hepatic steatosis by using a rat model system. MethodsFifty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into a model group (n=40) and a control group (n=10). The model was induced by high-fat diet (20% lard), alcohol intake (10% in drinking water), and CCl4 subcutaneous injections (40% in olive oil; 0.2 ml/kg two times a week). The control rats received normal diet, no alcohol, and olive oil injections. After weeks 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of the regimen, rats from each group were randomly selected and subjected to liver ultrasound elastography analysis (Hitachi HV900 Color Doppler instrument; 6-13 MHz linear probe frequency), first as transabdominal imaging then by fully exposed rat liver imaging, followed by pathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The imaging techniques were performed in triplicate for each rat and averaged. The imaging findings of controls (B) were compared to those of models (A) and used to calculate the strain ratio (B/A). Hepatic steatosis detected by pathology was graded as percent of fatty degeneration: normal, ＜5%; mild, 5%-33%; moderate, 34%-66%; severe, ＞66%. The correlations between B/A and pathology grades were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s coefficient tests. ResultsTen rats died during the establishment of the hepatic steatosis model system. Of the 30 surviving model rats assessed by ultrasound and pathology, the hepatic steatosis grade was mild in 10, moderate in 12, and severe in 8; all control rats showed normal liver. The transabdominal imaging results (B/A) were significantly different between control rats (0.25±0.04) and rats with all three grades of hepatic steatosis (vs. mild: 0.43±0.05, moderate: 0.59±0.17, and severe: 0.89±0.21; P＜0.05). The B/A was positively correlated with the pathology grade (r=0.88, P＜0.001). ConclusionUltrasonic elastography effectively diagnosed hepatic steatosis and was able to quantitate various pathologic grades in a non-invasive manner, suggesting its potential utility for clinical application.
Prescription drug price dispersion in heterogeneous markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A homogeneous good is one that does not vary in quality, time, or space. In a perfectly competitive market with no information or transportation costs, all sellers would charge the same price. However, dispersion exists even for seemingly homogeneous goods. A prescription drug is one of the best examples of a homogeneous good because an individual can buy the drug from several different pharmacies but still receive the exact same good. However, prices for prescription drugs vary tremendously among pharmacies. The purpose of this research is to examine the conditions under which price dispersion exists. This study finds three major causes of price dispersion: differing amounts of search and information costs, differing degrees of competition in each drug market, and differing levels of variation among production costs. Extending previous research, this study includes variables that account for effects caused by differing market characteristics by using variables that measure the percent of individuals in poverty, the percent of the population over 65, and the distance from a Canadian market. Using variables that measure purchase frequency, number of substitutes, average cost, number of manufacturers, and whether or not the drug is a brand or generic, the effects of search, competition, and production costs are examined across drug markets. In addition, the effects of pharmacy heterogeneity on price dispersion are examined by developing a model for price determination. Several variables are used that control for differences in services and quality of pharmacies, such as delivery, convenience to consumers, whether or not the pharmacy is a chain, and location. Additional hypotheses are developed from the price determination models, and the effects of search and competition on prices are reviewed again using the drug and market characteristic variables.
Bowlers' Hot Hands

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Earlier analysis of basketball data debunked the common perception that players sometimes have "hot hands." That analysis, however, did not control for several confounding influences. Our analysis of professional bowling indicates that, for many bowlers, the probability of rolling a strike is not independent of previous outcomes and the number of strikes rolled varies more across games than can be explained by chance alone. For example, most bowlers have a higher strike proportion after j consecutive strikes than after j consecutive nonstrikes, and this difference becomes more pronounced as j increases from 1 to 4.
Note: Interpretation of Adhesive Forces In Electroplated Polypropylene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A short description of the electroplating process of plastics and its mechanism is presented. Studies to determine what type of bond is responsible for the adhesion between polypropylene and electrolytic metal plate are reported. Micrographic studies seem to discard an important contribution of the “mechanical” bond. Multiple infrared reflectance spectra and contact angles did not detect polar groups caused by the electroplating process. These findings are considered an indication that dispersion forces (induced dipole-induced dipole interactions) are the main contributor to the adhesion of electrolytic metallic plate to polypropylene substrate.