jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Adoptive Cell Transfer for the Treatment of Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is currently the leading cause of death in New Zealand, accounting for 30% of all deaths in 2010. Due to factors such as an ageing population and poor lifestyle choices, the incidence and mortality of this disease is set to increase dramatically in the coming decades. This will exert substantial stress on the healthcare system, highlighting the urgent need for improved cancer therapies. The adoptive transfer of tumour-specific T lymphocytes, known as adoptive cell transfer (ACT), is a promising new approach to the treatment of cancer that has proven effective for the treatment of haematological malignancies and metastatic melanoma, achieving long-lasting clinical responses in approximately 50% of patients. The challenge now remains to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ACT to enable a broad application of this therapeutic approach to the treatment of multiple types of cancer and achieve clinical responses in all patients.\n\nUsing ovalbumin as a model tumour-antigen, the aim of this study was to (a), compare the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages to generate tumour-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for use in ACT, and (b), assess the phenotype and function of these generated cells. Splenocytes isolated from OT-I (CD8+) and OT-II (CD4+) transgenic mice were cultured with dendritic cells pulsed with respective ovalbumin peptide epitopes. After 10 days, these cells were restimulated with either dendritic cells or macrophages and cultured for a further 10 days. Macrophages could effectively generate tumour-specific CD8+ T cell responses but were poor inducers of CD4+ T cell responses compared to dendritic cells. In the case of CD8+ T cells, antigen-experienced T cells that were restimulated with macrophages exhibited superior phenotypic characteristics for use in ACT compared to DC-restimulated cells. Both DCs and macrophages predominately generated effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-) and effector memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-). Further phenotypic analysis of in vitro-generated T cells revealed distinct expression patterns of markers associated with T cell dysfunction, survival and differentiation. In response to their cognate antigen, generated T cells produced high levels of TNF-α and IFN-ɣ, suggesting that these cells can mediate effective tumour destruction in vivo.\n\nFuture experiments will determine the length of time that adoptively transferred T cells persist in vivo and assess the efficacy of ACT using generated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in an in vivo murine B16-OVA melanoma model.
Streamlining grain supply chains of India: Cloud computing and distributed hubbing for wholesale-retail logistics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Spoilage rates in India's grain supply chains have been estimated to be 25% to 30%. The price "mark-up" rates, i.e., service charges over crop costs, have been estimated to be over 240%, with a whopping 210% incurred by wholesalers, retailers and the intermediaries. The two rates in developed nations are approximately 3% and between 50% and 100%. This paper focuses on supply-chain portion from wholesalers through consumers and proposes service, information technology and logistics concepts to help reduce the two rates. In particular, cloud computing may help India bring the full benefit of IT to their small merchants through leap-frogging.
Aplasia and agenesis of the frontal sinus in individual of southern region in Saudi Arabia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence of anatomic variations of frontal sinus in people of southern region in Saudi Arabia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a retrospective radiological design to analyze computed tomography scans of 117 patients aged between 18 and 80 years of southern region in Saudi Arabia were used in this study. Patients with altered anatomy (iatrogenic or pathological) were excluded, CT scans were analyzed to demonstrate the incidence of anatomic variations of frontal sinus in people of southern region in Saudi Arabia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study included 117 patients, 75 of whom were males (64%) and 42 of whom were females (36%) with ages ranging from 18 to 80 years. The prevalence of bilateral frontal sinus aplasia is 5.9 % and 3.4% is in the unilateral frontal sinus.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These figures on frontal sinus aplasia are critical in convincing surgeons to perform a preoperative CT scan of the paranasal sinuses and concentrate on the appearance of frontal sinuses on CT images to avoid unwanted complications during sinus surgeries.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
"Like Two Beach Umbrellas Put Together": Investigating the Health Information Practices of South Carolina LGBTQ+ Communities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This poster presents initial findings from an exploratory, qualitative study investigating the health information practices of LGBTQ+ communities in South Carolina (SC). Significant health disparities exist between LGBTQ+ people and their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts. An important but under-researched barrier producing disparities is informational, as LGBTQ+ people face challenges in learning about their healthcare needs, navigating the healthcare system, and overcoming barriers to care. This study addresses research gaps via the following questions: 1) How do LGBTQ+ communities create, seek, share, and use health information?, and 2) What social and structural factors affect these health-related information practices?Findings are informed by ~30 ongoing individual, in-person interviews with SC LGBTQ+ community leaders using a semi-structured protocol. Sampling strategies align with those suggested for marginalized or “hidden” populations –purposive, snowball, and theoretical. We incorporate an intersectional lens in our methodology, sampling for maximal variation among salient identity categories like race/ethnicity, age, and education. Data include transcripts from audio-recorded interviews and results of a mapping exercise to triangulate data collection. Analysis is iterative and inductive, and uses the constant comparative method to generate open codes followed by organization into larger themes via axial and selective coding.Preliminary findings uncovered themes of resilience, self-defensive information practices, and structural barriers to information access. Conceptual analysis of these themes using selective coding suggests SC LGBTQ+ communities are knowledgeable about their health information needs but perceive experts as uninformed. Further,participants often mistrust experts like medical practitioners, who often lack cultural competencies when facilitating use of services for LGBTQ+ communities. Participants navigate structural barriers to health information and resources by engaging in self-defensive practices and insulating health knowledge within their community. Findings show how health practitioners can improve care to LGBTQ+ patients and information centers like libraries can leverage knowledge of LGBTQ+ communities for health promotion.
In Silico Analysis of Baicalin’s Binding on Amyloid- β, Presenilin-1 and Tau Proteins: Validation in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloidosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The number of studies describing the use of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and metformin is considered an acceptable and economic alternative to insulin in many countries. Because metformin can pass through the placenta, it is necessary to continuously assess the maternal and fetal impact of metformin compared with insulin in pregnancy.
Putting interoperability to the test: building a large reusable assessment item bank

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COLA project has been developing a large bank of assessment items for units across the Scottish further education curriculum since May 2003. These will be made available to learners mainly via colleges’ virtual learning environments (VLEs). Many people have been involved in the development of the COLA assessment item bank to ensure a high level of technical and pedagogical quality. Processes have included deciding on appropriate item types and subject areas, training authors, peer-reviewing and quality assuring the items and assessments, and ensuring they are tagged with appropriate metadata. One of the biggest challenges has been to ensure that the assessments are deliverable across the four main virtual learning environments in use in Scottish colleges—and also through a stand-alone assessment system. COLA is significant because no other large project appears to have successfully developed standards-compliant assessment content for delivery across multiple VLEs. This paper discusses how COLA has dealt with the organizational, pedagogical and technical issues which arise when commissioning items from many authors for delivery across an educational sector.DOI: 10.1080/0968776042000259537
[Surgical treatment of Morel-Lavallée lesion with perineal lacerations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatments of Morel-Lavallée lesion with perineal lacerations were significantly different from simple close Morel-Lavallée lesion. With high mortality and disability, Morel-Lavallée lesion with perineal lacerations require more challenging treatment protocols among which the most important is the soft tissue management and nutrition. The satisfactory outcomes come from joint efforts of multiple departments.
The Effect of Yaobao Keailing Capsule on the Cytokine of Mice and Inhibition Rate of Tumour

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To explore the inhibition and its mechanism of Yaobao Keailing to tumour.Methods:Select mice vaccinated subcutaneously S180 tumour strain as models and observe the effect of Yaobao Keailing with different dosages on the inhibition rate of tumour and blood serum TNF-α.Result:the inhibition rate of tumour of the mice and the level of the blood serum TNF-α in the Yaobao Keailing groop are higher than those in the model groop.Conclusion:Yaobao Keailing capsule can obviously inhibit the growth and infiltrateing of S180 tumour.
Special bargain prices on high-grade true-to-name gladiolus bulbs for Fall 1929 /

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We are presenting this list to you, believing that you will be glad to buy bulbs at bargain prices while you still have in mind the varieties you have seen this year.We have made the cost so reasonable that it is worth your while to buy now.All stock guaranteed true-to-name but we cannot warrant re¬ sults as they are subject to conditions over which we have no control.No orders filled for less than $2 at these prices and no single item for less than 10c.Wholesale prices on application.Orders shipped postpaid.Prices are for single bulbs 1 *4 inches up, except as stated.Medium sized bulbs can be had of almost all varieties at 60% of listed price and small bulbs at 30%.Dozen price, nine times single price.Six at dozen rate.See discounts at end of list.We can supply bulblets at from ten to fifty at the price of a large bulb.
Role of Ultrasound in Evaluation of Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 Using Computed Tomography as A Gold Standard

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In critical care medicine, lung ultrasonography (LUS) has become more widely utilized as a trustworthy method for assessing lung diseases.Since COVID-19 pneumonia lesions have a predominant peripheral distribution, LUS detection is more appropriate.Objective: This study was aimed to assess the role of LUS in early diagnosis of COVID-19, as well as severity assessment of COVID-19 patients using CT chest as a gold standard.Patients and methods: Patients in this prospective cohort study were complaining of symptoms raising suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection and referred from chest emergency departments.Ultra-sound and CT were done for all patients and finding were correlated in the two modalities with estimation of the severity score.Results: out of 242 patients with CT chest findings positive for COVID-19 infection, 232 patients demonstrated positive LUS findings for COVID-19.Our study revealed the sensitivity of LUS up to (99.15%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), NPV (80%) and accuracy (99.17%). Conclusion:It could be concluded that LUS could show pulmonary manifestations indicative of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients with high diagnostic accuracy comparable to CT chest.
Influence of Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Systemic Oxidative Stress in Rats

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Direct pulp capping is a procedure where materials are placed on exposed vital pulp tissue in order to stimulate reparative dentinogenesis and preserve pulp vitality. Carious pulp exposure and direct pulp capping are usually accompanied by pulp inflammation which can affect pro- and anti-oxidative systems locally or systemically. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential influence of direct capping of inflamed rat dental pulp with calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on parameters of systemic oxidative status. Dental pulps of the first maxillary molars of Albino rats (n=32) were exposed and capped with either CH (n=8), MTA (n=8) or were left untreated (n=8). Animals with healthy pulp were used as a healthy control (n=8). After four weeks, animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of parameters of systemic oxidative stress by spectrophotometric method. Untreated control had the significantly higher (p <0.05) values of pro-oxidative parameters and lower (p <0.05) values of anti-oxidative parameters (superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione) compared to healthy control. CH and MTA groups showed reduced values of pro-oxidative parameters compared to untreated control and values of anti-oxidative parameters comparable to healthy control. Pulp exposure led to disbalance in systemic oxidative parameters while direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate restored the levels of systemic oxidative parameters to that of animals with healthy dental pulp. These results indicate the importance of direct pulp capping and the potential influence of untreated inflamed pulp on systemic health.
PPRS: Production skills and their relation to product, process, and resource

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To model increasingly adaptive production systems, skills are used to describe generic capabilities of the system components. In this paper, the authors extend the well-known division of production entities into product, process, and resource (PPR) with a skill definition. There are two main advantages for this approach: First, using PPR for the skill definition allows easy integration into existing models and tools. Second, there is a natural tendency to define very generic skills to capture all possible use cases. But at some point, skills have to be translated into precise instructions for execution. The model makes this dichotomy explicit and provides a common taxonomy for stakeholders concerned with skills on different abstraction levels.
New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social disorganization theory focuses on the relationship between neighborhood structure, social control, and crime. Recent theoretical and empirical work on the relationship between community characteristics and crime has led to important refinements of social disorganization theory, yet there remain some substantive and methodological deficiencies in this body of work. This article addresses these problems and charts some promising new directions in social disorganization theory.
Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Diverticular Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diverticulosis of the colon is the most common condition in Western societies and it is the most common anatomic alteration of the human colon. Recurrent abdominal pain is experienced by about 20% of patients with diverticulosis, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms of its occurrence are not completely understood. In the last years, several fine papers have showed clearly the role of low-grade inflammation both in the occurrence of symptoms in people having diverticulosis, both in symptom persistence following acute diverticulitis, even if the evidence available is not so strong. We do not know yet what the trigger of this low-grade inflammation occurrence is. However, some preliminary evidence found colonic dysbiosis linked to low-grade inflammation and therefore to symptom occurrence in those patients. The aim of this paper is to summarize current evidences about the role of inflammation in symptom occurrence in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease and in symptom persistence after an episode of acute diverticulitis.
Crystal Size Dependence of Emission from Perylene Microcrystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we found that, in perylene microcrystals, luminescence peak position from free-exciton state was gradually shifted to high energy side with reducing the crystal size, even if the microcrystals were fabricated by different kinds of preparation techniques. The life time of luminescence from self-trapped exciton state became shorter when the crystal size reduced. The main reason was estimated to be based on the change of lattice state.
Photodiode Response in a CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$/CH$_3$NH$_3$SnI$_3$ Heterojunction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the discovery of its photovoltaic properties organometallic salt CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ became the subject of vivid interest. The material exhibits high light conversion efficiency, it lases in red color, and it can serve as the basis for light emitting diodes and photodetectors. Here we report another surprising feature of this material family, the photo-tunability of the diode response of a heterojunction made of CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ and its close relative, CH$_3$NH$_3$SnI$_3$. In the dark state the device behaves as a diode, with the Sn homologue acting as the "p" side. The junction is extremely sensitive to illumination. A complete reversal of the diode polarity, the first observation of its kind, is seen when the junction is exposed to red laser light of 25 mW/cm$^2$ or larger power density. This finding opens up the possibility for a novel class of opto-electronic devices.
Performance of Frogeye Leaf Spot-Resistant and -Susceptible Near-Isolines of Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercospora sojina Hara is a disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that causes significant seed yield losses in warm, humid environments of southeastern United States. The Rcs 3 gene in soybean has been reported to condition resistance to all known races of C. sojina. The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of Rcs 3 in limiting seed yield loss due to FLS and to compare the seed yield of the resistant and susceptible near-isolines (NILs) in the absence of significant FLS disease. Four pairs of NILs—Colquitt/Colquitt-Rcs 3 , Gordon/Gordon-Rcs 3 , Thomas/Thomas-Rcs 3 , and Wright/Wright-Rcs 3 —were evaluated in 23 field experiments in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina during 1992 to 1994. The amount of damage to susceptible soybean caused by FLS was dependent on the specific environment. All four of the Rcs 3 NILs were resistant to the prevalent races of FLS in all environments. In the absence of significant FLS disease, each of the Rcs 3 NILs was at least equal to the respective susceptible line in its seed yield. In the presence of FLS infestation, the susceptible lines suffered significant seed yield loss (up to 31%) compared to their Rcs 3 NILs. The effect of FLS on seed yield was dependent on cumulative disease severity over the growing season. Thus, the area under disease progress curve was more useful than percent of leaf area infected at the end of the growing season (R7 stage of development) in explaining the seed yield loss due to FLS.
Studies on pyrimidine derivatives. XIV. On the structural determination of pyrimidine N-oxides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

N-Oxidation of pyrimidines having unsymmetrically substituted 4-and 6-positions with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid gave mixture of their 1-oxides and 3-oxides. Ring transformation of these 1-oxides and 3-oxides into isoxazoles occurred on treatment with mineral acid, and provided information on the position of the N-oxide group in the pyrimidine N-oxides. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a lanthanide shift reagent was also found to be useful in identifying the pyrimidine 1-and 3-oxides.
A NEW INSIGHT FOR MONITORING TRAINING IN SPRINTING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intermittent exercise with short bouts (30–500 m) of high intensity exercise (90–100% of running intensity) separated by different recovery periods (3–15 minutes) are habitually used by sprinters during training sessions (Gorostiaga et al . JSCR 2010;24:1138–1149). Repetition of sprints may induce neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). The aim of the present study was to quantify the extent of NMF while performing sprint workouts (SW) by analysing the acute metabolic and mechanical response to different SW. Nine high level sprinters (age 23±4 y, body mass 73.7±4.6 kg, height 177.6±5.9 cm; body fat 9.6±2.9%) performed eight SW separated by a week. SW with different number of repetitions (R) for each subject in short distance travelled (DT) [(x)RxDT] and SW with same number of R in long DT [3xDT]. Mechanical responses (i.e. height performance in CMJ and speed loss) and metabolic responses (i.e. blood lactate and ammonia concentrations) were measured pre-exercise, during exercise each repetition performed and post-exercise. CMJ height loss pre-post session were significant for all sprint workouts and competitions analysed and highly correlated to metabolic responses (r=0.86–0.98). These losses were between 9% for 40 m and 26% for 500 m. The fatigue, measured as CMJ height loss, increases with DT, and is strongly correlated to lactate (r=0.93) and ammonia (r=0.98). The metabolic stress developed during the effort can be estimated by controlling CMJ because of the high correlation between CMJ and blood lactate and ammonia concentrations (Jiménez-Reyes et al . MSSE 2012;44(5):582). The high correlations found between mechanical (speed and CMJ height losses) and metabolic (lactate and ammonia) measures of fatigue highlight the utility and validity of using CMJ to monitor training load in different sprint workouts and quantify objectively NMF during SW and competitions.
Molecular Mechanism of Plant Drought Tolerance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant could adapt water stress through osmotic adjustment,desiccation protection and metabolic changes.Under slight stress condition,osmotic adjustment plays the role.With more severe stress desiccation occurs,Accumulation of desiccation protectants such as LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) protein and sugars avoids damage of biomacromolecules,especially membrane system in some extent.Long time mild water stress may change plant metabolic pathways,which is useful for plant to adapt stress conditions.This paper reviews the proceedings of gene expression and regulation in relation to osmotic adjustment,desiccation protection and metabolic changes.Proceedings of genetic transformation confering drought tolerance is also reviewed.