jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A PI‐Type Sliding Mode Controller Design for PMSG‐Based Wind Turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Because the PMSG (permanent magnet synchronous generator)‐based WECS (wind energy conversion system) has some uncertainties, the conventional control strategy with poor robustness is sometimes difficult to meet the performance requirements of control. In order to ensure efficient and stability of the system, this paper proposed a novel PI (proportional‐integral)‐type SMC (sliding mode control) strategy for PMSG‐based WECS uncertainties and presented the detailed analysis and design process. Compared with the conventional control method, the PI‐type SMC proposed in this paper not only can make the closed‐loop system globally stable, but also has a better robustness and slightly reduced the current ripple and distortion. Finally, the simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of this algorithm.
Simulations of electromagnetic wave plasma interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasmas is a topic rich in nonlinear effects with applications ranging from laser fusion to space plasmas. Computer simulations are a powerful tool to help understand the growing number of experiments in this area. Here we discuss some simulations of the Raman and two-plasmon-decay instabilities and of the nonlinear evolution of pondermotively driven ion acoustic waves. Some salient features are compared with experiments. 22 refs., 7 figs.
Depth‐Distribution Patterns of Soil Organic Matter in the Tidal Marshes of the Venice Lagoon (Italy): Signatures of Depositional and Environmental Conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Salt marshes are depositional landforms lying at the upper margin of intertidal environments. They provide a diverse range of valuable ecosystem services and yet are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change and human pressure. Salt marshes are intrinsically dynamic environments, shaped by complex feedback between hydrodynamic, morphological, and biological processes. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) has a crucial role within salt marsh environments, as on the one hand, its accumulation contributes to the build‐up of marsh elevation which is necessary for marshes to keep pace with sea‐level rise, and on the other it supports the high carbon sink potential of wetlands. To better understand variations in SOM depth distribution and further comprehend SOM drivers, we analyzed soil organic content in 10 salt marshes of the microtidal Venice Lagoon from 60 sediment cores to the depth of 1 m, relating SOM spatial and vertical patterns to the temporal and spatial variability of depositional sub‐environments recorded in the study deposits. Our results suggest that changes in the depositional environment are of primary importance in determining organic matter depth distribution and caution is needed in SOM prediction at unsampled soil depths. We observed relationships between SOM vertical patterns and factors such as autochthonous and allochthonous organic inputs, sediment properties, relative sea level rise, fluvial inputs and wave action. Our findings emphasize the considerable carbon storage potential of marshes in intertidal environments and provide a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamics of SOM and their drivers, which can inform and enhance coastal management strategies.
Dini Fanatizm Tarafından Zarar Görmüş Kültürel Mirasların İrdelenmesi: Palmyra Antik Kenti Örneği

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Palmyra,\nantik zamanlarda Suriye'nin önemli bir dini ve ticaret merkeziydi ve 1980'de\nUNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası Listesi'ne dâhil edildi. Palmyra'nın kökeni,\nNeolitik Çağ'a kadar uzanmaktadır. "Çölün gelini" veya "çölün\nincisi" olarak bilinen, karavanlarla ziyaret edilen şehir, Roma\nİmparatorluğu döneminde en görkemli zamanlarını yaşamıştır. O zamanların refahı\nsayesinde birçok heykel ve anıtsal yapılar inşa edilmiştir. Lakin Mayıs\n2015'ten beri Orta Doğu'yu terörize eden Irak Şam İslam Devleti (IŞİD) isimli\nterör örgütü, kente büyük zararlar vermektedir. Sözde İslami terör örgütleri\ntarafından bu mirasların yıkılması, bozulması ya da yok edilmesinin sebebi ise,\nbu yapıların İslamın reddettiği ikonlaştırmayı temsil etmeleri olarak\ngösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Palmyra Antik Kenti hakkında toplanan bilgiler\nve yıkım öncesi ve sonrasındaki koşullar değerlendirilerek sorunun önemi vurgulanmıştır.
Annular pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Annular pancreas Get access Ian W MacPhee Ian W MacPhee Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 40, Issue 163, March 1953, Pages 510–511, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18004016322 Published: 06 December 2005
Mutual Love in Therapeutic Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Mutual love is an essential aspect of emotional healing and the development of co-creative relational capacities. Professional, cultural, and personal factors combine to make the practice of mutual love difficult in the context of psychotherapy. The nature of these difficulties is discussed. The dimensions and boundaries of love in the psychotherapeutic relationship are explored. It is suggested that mutual love can be constructed consciously, intentionally invited and co-created with the therapist's active participation. Case examples are given.
KOLABORASI MAHASISWA PPG PRAJABATAN UM DAN SMP NEGERI 25 MALANG DALAM PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH PLASTIK MELALUI PROGRAM ECOBRICK GOES TO SCHOOL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The "Ecobrick Goes to School" program is a collaborative initiative between the Pre-service Teacher Professional Education (PPG) students of Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) and SMP Negeri 25 Malang. This program aims to educate students on the importance of plastic waste management through the creation of ecobricks, a simple technology that transforms plastic waste into environmentally friendly building materials. In support of the Adiwiyata School vision, the program is designed to raise students' environmental awareness and promote sustainable practices within the school environment. Through a participatory approach, the PPG students from UM collaborated with teachers and students to conduct a series of educational activities, including ecobrick-making workshops, discussions on the environmental impacts of plastic waste, and the introduction of recycling concepts. The results of this program showed an increase in students' understanding and involvement in waste management efforts, as well as a tangible contribution to reducing plastic waste in the school environment. This collaboration not only provided educational benefits to students but also strengthened the leadership competencies of PPG students in implementing community-based programs. The success of this program highlights the importance of synergy between educational institutions and school communities in addressing global environmental issues through concrete local actions
The Molecular Mechanism of Sirt1 Signaling Pathway in Brain Injury of Newborn Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the reactive oxygen species (ROS), Sirt1, p53 and acetylated p53 in brain tissue of newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia to clarify the role of Sirt1 signaling pathway in brain injury. Neonate rats were randomly divided into normoxic group and hyperoxic group. Rats in the normoxic group were exposed to room air while the rats in the hyperoxic group were put in a hyperoxic chamber (80 ± 5% oxygen) for 1 to 14 d. Data, including weight growth, the water content of brain tissue, hematoxyline and eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (Tunel) stain, ROS expression, the relative expression of Sirt1 mRNA and p53 mRNA, and the protein relative expression of Sirt1, p53 and acetylated p53 were analyzed at 1, 7 and 14 d after exposure. A reduced body weight and increased water content were observed in the brain tissue of hyperoxic group compared to normoxic group. HE staining and Tunel staining of brain tissue suggested that cell damaged after hyperoxic exposure. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of Sirt1 in the hyperoxic group was lower than that in the normoxic group while the expression of p53 was higher than that in the normoxic group. In addition, Western blot data indicated acetylated p53 expression was higher in the hyperoxic group. Hyperoxic exposure can lead to brain injury in newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. These events might be regulated by the Sirt1 pathway, which downregulated the deacetylation of p53.
Austrian Outbound Foreign Direct Investment in Europe: \nA spatial econometric study

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The recent growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) has led to a proliferation of scholarly efforts to analyse the various dimensions of this phenomenon. Two main streams of research have emerged in the literature. The first analyses the economic effects of FDI inflows in the economy of the host countries, whereas the second studies the economic factors/conditions in the host countries that pull in FDI flows. The purpose of this paper is to add to this latter dimension of the literature. Most empirical models on the determinants of FDI have used a two-country framework and assumed that the decisions of a multinational enterprise to invest in a particular host country is independent of the decision whether or not to invest in any other country. But there are a number of theoretical reasons why FDI inflow into a host country may depend on the FDI in approximate countries. Such spatial interdependence has been largely neglected in the empirical literature, with notable exceptions of Baltagi et al. (2007), Blonigen et al. (2007), and Regelink and Elhorst (2015) for US outbound FDI, and Garretsen and Peeters (2009) for Dutch outbound FDI. The objective of this study is to test for the relevance of spatial relationships in Austrian outbound foreign direct investment flows to European countries. We estimate spatial Durbin models with fixed effects for Austrian FDI to 26 host countries. Third-country effects enter the models in two ways: first, by including an endogenous spatial lag on FDI (measured by FDI into markets nearby the host country), and by extending the set of explanatory variables with an exogenous market potential variable (measured by the size of markets nearby the FDI host country, in terms of gross domestic product). The question whether the empirical results are consistent with horizontal, vertical, export-platform or complex vertical FDI then depends on the signs and significance levels of the impact estimates of these two variables.
THE RATE OF DIGESTION OF BLOOD IN MOSQUITOES. PRECIPITIN TEST STUDIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper describes the use of the serological procedure known as the precipitin test to study the rate of digestion of host blood in mosquitoes. In the laboratory, at constant temperatures, precipitin reactions were obtained on blood meals of Aedes aegypti eight days after engorgement when the mosquitoes were held at 11 °C. but only one or two days after engorgement when the holding temperature was 27 °C. Field studies with A. hexodontus in northern Manitoba also showed that temperature has a strong influence on the rate of blood digestion. Pertinent literature is reviewed and the limitations of the precipitin test are discussed. Until now little attention has been devoted in Canada to possible disease transmission by mosquitoes. Increasing interest in mosquitoes as vectors of the encephalitides and proved transmission of western equine encephalitis by Culex restuans in Manitoba suggest the importance of further knowledge of mosquito physiology.
Potential of natural bioactives in wound healing: A comprehensive review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The wound healing process encompasses three key phases: inflammation, tissue regeneration and remodeling. Natural bioactive compounds have garnered significant interest due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which facilitate healing. Compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids and peptides aid wound repair by reducing oxidative stress, encouraging angiogenesis and stimulating cellular proliferation. Natural antimicrobials like honey and chitosan also play a vital role by preventing infections that commonly hinder healing. Bioactive-based wound dressing materials embedded with biologically active agents, including natural extracts, antimicrobials and growth factors, offer dual benefits: they protect while actively promoting healing. These dressings work by minimizing infection risk, modulating inflammation and enhancing tissue regeneration. Such innovations have demonstrated promise in managing chronic wounds and diabetic ulcers. Despite their potential, the clinical translation of bioactive-based therapies faces challenges, primarily concerning the stability and controlled release of active compounds. These limitations restrict their broader application. Emerging advancements in nanotechnology and biomaterials engineering are emerging as solutions to these challenges. By enabling targeted delivery, sustained release and improved bioavailability of natural bioactives, these technologies are set to significantly boost their therapeutic impact and reliability in modern wound care strategies.
FAILLURE TO DETECT 3β,11β,17α,21-TETRAHYDROXY-5-PREGNEN-20-ONE IN PLASMA OBTAINED FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORDS AND HUMAN INFANT URINE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A possible pathway for the synthesis of cortisol in utero and in early infancy, via Δ 5 steroidal intermediates has been suggested by the tentative identification of hydroxylated derivatives of 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. The penultimate compound in such a pathway (3β,11β,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) has been searched for in blood from umbilical cords and in infant urine. None could be detected at a level of 0.5 μg/100 ml.
Identification of lymphocyte subpopulations by indirect immunofluorescence--a micromethod.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The microtechnique described uses for the immunofluorescent determination of lymphocyte surface markers 96-well microplates instead of traditional test-tubes. The article covers in detail all steps of the laboratory procedure--the isolation of lymphocytes, staining of the cells and their preparation for microscopic evaluation. The main contributions of the micromethod (reduction of costs and labour) are characterized in the discussion.
Association between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aim The dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been reported in acute pancreatitis. However, the direction and magnitude between host microbiota and pancreas remains to be established. This study investigated the association between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods Summary statistics of gut microbiota abundance and acute pancreatitis were extracted from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The two‐sample bidirectional MR design was employed to assess genetic association between the microbiota and pancreatitis, followed by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to verify the robustness of the results. Results Seven microbiota taxa have been identified as significantly associated with the development of pancreatitis. Host genetic‐driven order Bacteroidales and class Bacteroidia are associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. The genera Coprococcus and Eubacterium fissicatena group also exhibit a positive effect on the development of pancreatitis, while the genera Prevotella , Ruminiclostridium , and Ruminococcaceae act as protective factors against pancreatitis. In contrast, acute pancreatitis was positively correlated with phylum Proteobacteria and genus Lachnospiraceae and negatively correlated with genus Holdemania . Conclusions The bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis suggests a critical role for host‐microbiota crosstalk in the development of the disease. Targeted modulation of specific gut microbiota enables the prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis.
The Impact of Hand Hygiene Posters on Hand Hygiene Compliance Rate among Resident Physicians: A Brief Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of hand hygiene posters on hand hygiene behavior. After obtaining a baseline data (cycle 1) on hand hygiene (HH) compliance in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), HH posters were visibly displayed in the unit (Cycle 2). Resident physicians (RPs) were anonymously observed for hand hygiene compliance over a 60 day period. With introduction of HH posters (cycle 2) compliance rate increased from 22.22% at baseline to 44.74% (36.84% for pediatric residents and 7.89% for surgical residents (P<0.05). HH compliance rate in cycle 3 was only 46.66% (33.33% for pediatric residents and 13.33% for surgery residents; P=. 05) despite feedback and educational campaign at the end of cycle 2. The survey results showed improved HH compliance rate among pediatric residents after introduction of HH posters compared to their surgical counterpart. The modeling of proper hand hygiene behavior to trainees by their senior colleagues is emphasized.
Enhancing Legal Argument Mining with Domain Pre-training and Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The contextual word embedding model, BERT, has proved its ability on downstream tasks with limited quantities of annotated data. BERT and its variants help to reduce the burden of complex annotation work in many interdisciplinary research areas, for example, legal argument mining in digital humanities. Argument mining aims to develop text analysis tools that can automatically retrieve arguments and identify relationships between argumentation clauses. Since argumentation is one of the key aspects of case law, argument mining tools for legal texts are applicable to both academic and non-academic legal research. Domain-specific BERT variants (pre-trained with corpora from a particular background) have also achieved strong performance in many tasks. To our knowledge, previous machine learning studies of argument mining on judicial case law still heavily rely on statistical models. In this paper, we provide a broad study of both classic and contextual embedding models and their performance on practical case law from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). During our study, we also explore a number of neural networks when being combined with different embeddings. Our experiments provide a comprehensive overview of a variety of approaches to the legal argument mining task. We conclude that domain pre-trained transformer models have great potential in this area, although traditional embeddings can also achieve strong performance when combined with additional neural network layers.
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a prospective, two-arm observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Tirzepatide (TZP) has demonstrated efficacy for glycemic control and weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, previous clinical trials were not conducted under the treatment of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as a background regimen nor were they limited to subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: We evaluated the glycemic control of tirzepatide switching from conventional GLP-1 receptor agonists in subjects with T2D and CKD. Design: This was a prospective, two-arm, observational study performed at a single center. Methods: Eligible subjects were individuals with T2D and CKD who had been treated with dulaglutide for more than 3 months, with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ⩾7.0%, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ⩽60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Subjects who switched to tirzepatide (TZP group) and those who continued dulaglutide (Dula group) were observed over 6 months. The primary outcome was a change in HbA1c over 6 months between the groups. Additional metabolic parameters, including body weight and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), were evaluated. Adverse events in the TZP group were also investigated. Results: Of the 55 participants, 48 completed the study (TZP group, n = 23; Dula group, n = 25). Tirzepatide significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared with the Dula group over 6 months (both p < 0.01). UACR levels remained stable in the TZP group throughout the study period and increased significantly in the Dula group ( p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal events and hypoglycemia were observed in the TZP group, and those subjects who suffered hypoglycemic symptoms were mostly insulin users. Conclusion: Tirzepatide might be an effective alternative treatment for subjects with T2D and CKD who did not achieve sufficient glycemic control with conventional GLP-1RAs, as well as preventing the progression of nephropathy. Trial registration: This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (registration number UMIN 000051344, date: June 16, 2023). https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_his_list.cgi?recptno=R000058576
Kinetics and mechanism of the iodate–iodide reaction and other related reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reduction of iodate by iodide, known as the Dushman reaction, is one of the components of the oscillating Bray–Liebhafsky reaction. The large body of work devoted to the kinetics of the Dushman reaction gives seemingly contradictory results. This work analyses and summarizes them and shows that they are special cases of a complicated kinetics and that they can be explained by a common mechanism. This mechanism can be generalized to all the XO3-+Y- reactions (X, Y=I, Br or Cl). They all involve an asymmetric intermediate YXO2.
ESTILO DE VIDA E QUALIDADE DA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE TRABALHADORES DE BIBLIOTECAS PÚBLICAS UNIVERSITÁRIAS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lifestyle and quality of food have an intrinsic correlation. However, studies on these topics related to the health of library workers are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the lifestyle and quality of food of workers of the Library System at the Federal University of Paraná (SiBi/UFPR). A study was contuted on quantitative, observational and cross sectional study that evaluated 137 active servers from 20 libraries using the “Fantastic Lifestyle” questionnaire and the “How is your Food?” test. The analysis of the lifestyle and quality of food scores obtained a significant correlation (p = 0,000), indicating that workers with a better lifestyle were evaluated with healthier food. Sleep quality, intense physical activity, job satisfaction and stress management were variables associated with a healthy lifestyle. It is believed that the nature of the work of librarians can influence on the maintenance of a positive lifestyle and on the quality of their food consumption.