jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Protein Energy Deprivation on the Brain Enzymes of Glutamic Acid in Preweanling Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The activities of rat brain enzymes, i.e. glutamine synthetase, glutamine transferase, glutaminase I, glutaminase II, glutamic acid decarboxylase and transaminases were found to increase with age during the preweanling period. In rats subjected to food deprivations for different periods, the activities of glutaminase I, glutaminase II and glutamic acid decarboxylase, were increased while those of glutamine transferase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were significantly reduced. These changes during undernutrition produce increased levels of γ-aminobutyric acid in brain. Whether neurological manifestations in human protein energy malnutrition in form of apathy and mental dullness could be due to these biochemical changes is difficult to assess.
Negative Polarity Illusions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although decades of research have illuminated the licensing requirements, both syntactic and semantic, of negative polarity items, the matter of how these licensing requirements are satisfied in real time, as a sentence is being processed, remains an ill-understood problem. Grammatical illusions—cases where native speakers, as they comprehend an ungrammatical sentence, experience a fleeting perception of acceptability—offer a window into online computations like NPI licensing. This chapter reviews the findings on negative polarity illusions, their parallels (and, in some cases, the lack of parallels) with other grammaticality illusions, and the implications of this line of research for understanding the incremental processing of negative sentences as well as negative polarity phenomena more broadly.
Sports Related Lumbar Injuries to the AdulUDegenerative Spine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic long-lasting groin pain in athletes is often caused by hip injury or overuse. Hip disorders are not easily diagnosed; different diagnostic tools like ultrasonography scintigraphy. CT-scan, MRI and hip arthroscopy are required in many cases. Acute injuries are seen, including fractures, tendon ruptures, and contusions, especially in contact sports. However, the most challenging hip injuries to diagnose and to treat are stress related. A stress fracture of the cervical neck may seriously impair a young athlete. There is an increased risk for osteoarthrosis of the hip in former soccer players and high mileage runners. There is evidence that some sports, like soccer and running, especially at un advanced or professional level, increase the risk for a hip osteoarthritis. An incipient hip OA, which is difficult to detect through a routinely performed radiography, may be the cause of obscure groin pain.
sj-pdf-2-jva-10.1177_11297298221100456 – Supplemental material for Transhepatic double lumen hemodialysis catheter in exhausted vascular access: Feasibility, functionality, and outcome among hemodialysis patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jva-10.1177_11297298221100456 for Transhepatic double lumen hemodialysis catheter in exhausted vascular access: Feasibility, functionality, and outcome among hemodialysis patients by Saeed MG Al-Ghamdi, Ahmad Alharbi, Hawazen Abdorabo, Emily Heaphy and Majed Ahmed Ashour in The Journal of Vascular Access
The nuclear transporter SAD2 plays a role in calcium‐ and H2O2‐mediated cell death in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary In response to pathogens, plant cells exhibit a rapid increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytosolic increase in Ca 2+ and the accumulation of ROS are critical for inducing programmed cell death (PCD), but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We screened an Arabidopsis mutant, sad2‐5 , which harbours a T‐DNA insertion in the 18 th exon of the importin beta‐like gene, SAD2. The H 2 O 2 ‐induced increase in the [Ca 2+ ] cyt of the sad2‐5 mutant was greater than that of the wild type, and the sad2‐5 mutant showed clear cell death phenotypes and abnormal H 2 O 2 accumulation under fumonisin‐B1 (FB1) treatment. CaCl 2 could enhance the FB1‐induced cell death of the sad2‐5 mutant, whereas lanthanum chloride (LaCl 3 ), a broad‐spectrum calcium channel blocker, could restore the FB1‐induced PCD phenotype of sad2‐5 . The sad2‐5 fbr11‐1 double mutant exhibited the same FB1‐insensitive phenotype as fbr11‐1, which plays a critical role in novo sphingolipid synthesis, indicating that SAD2 works downstream of FBR11. These results suggest the important role of nuclear transporters in calcium‐ and ROS‐mediated PCD response as well as provide an important theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of SAD2 function in PCD and for improvement of the resistance of crops to adverse environments.
Farm production performance in Russian regions: farm panel data analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Russian agricultural sector has experienced many problems since the beginning of the 1990s that resulted in a fall in farm output. Employing a production function approach and, unlike other studies, farm-level data on more than 20,000 Russian large-scale farms for the period 1995-2000, this study analyzes the impact of both production (land, labour, capital, materials) and financial (debts and budget transfers) determinants on the productivity. Inter-regional differences such as weather conditions and farm-specific features such as geographical location, management and soil quality are taken into account employing the fixed-effect estimation. The findings show that Russian farms operate under liquidity constraints that lower their productivity.
Determination method of papaya

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim To establish a determination method of papaya.Methods TLCS analysis was carried out with silica gel G TLC plate and C6H12-CHCl3-CH3COOHC2H5-HCOOH(20∶5∶8∶0.1) as developer and 10% H2SO4 C2H5OH as developer.The scan wauelength was for λs at 530 nm and 700 nm for λR wavelength.Results The linear range of ursolic acid was between 0.2238 μg and 1.3428 μg(r=0.999 6).The average recovery was 98.09%,and RSD was 3.63%(n=5).Conclusion The method was simple,rapid,and well reproducible.It can be used as quality control of papaya.
The worth emphasizing surgical technique: ureteropyelostomy to manage urinary tract complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Injury of the ureteral supplying artery usually causes ischemic injury of allograft ureter after renal transplantation.In the process of resolving the ischemic injury of the allograft ureter, because it can lead to allograft kidney damage, prompt treatment is necessary.The ureteropyelostomy using the recipient's ipsilateral native ureter is the best choice of several treatments that can salvage an allograft kidney.The aim of this report proves that the ureteropyelostomy using a native ureter is the surgical technique to be feasible management of urinary tract complications after renal transplantation.Methods: A 41-year-old male undergone second renal transplantation in 2017.Initial transplantation was performed in 1992, with allograft in the right iliac fossa.Although no definite ischemic injury of allograft ureter was observed, injury of the ureteral supplying artery was observed during bench-work.The allograft ureter was anastomosed to the bladder and a double-J catheter was inserted in the allograft ureter.After anastomosis of the allograft ureter, it was judged that blood supply was somewhat adequate.However, 18 days postoperative, he presented an abdominal pain with oozing on the surgical incision site.On computed tomography, there was a ureteral rupture and perirenal hematoma of the allograft.The ureteropyelostomy using a native ipsilateral ureter was performed successfully without any complications such as ureteral necrosis, urinary leakage, and urinary stricture.Results: After 3 years of follow-up, he had a well-functioning allograft with a serum creatinine level of 1.59 mg/dL.Conclusions: The ureteropyelostomy using a native ipsilateral ureter can be a safe and feasible surgical technique that treated urinary ischemic complications due to injury of the ureteral supplying artery and resulted in good graft and patient survival.
Does context matter? Study of knowledge sharing in European Institute of Innovation and Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some previous attempts to draw research on social constructs as if they are operating in a vacuum were missing some valuable information and could not provide deep insights into the matter. As this, contextual sensitivity, approach is not yet popular in network research, we adopt this stance to provide valuable insights into knowledge sharing in complex interorganizational networks. The empirical study was based on interviews, observations and focus groups implemented in two interorganizational networks: knowledge and innovation communities (KICs). The perceptions of network’s context and content of their members provide deeper insights into all the other issues of networking, knowledge sharing included. In our research these perceptions were related to member’s discourses to knowledge sharing. Even though this finding should not be adopted as a framework for future research, the contextual sensitivity approach should not be neglected in network research.
Applications of 2D Matrix Array for 3D and 4D Examination of the Fetus: A Pictorial Essay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Two-dimensional matrix array is a new technology for the performance of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography. Thus far, this technology has been used in obstetrics only for the evaluation of the fetal heart. In this study, we report the use of a 2D matrix array transducer for the examination of fetal anatomical structures, including the fetal heart. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four fetuses and 19 with one or more congenital anomalies diagnosed by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography were examined with a 2400-element 2D matrix array transducer (x3-1, IE-33, Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA). Median gestational age at examination was 25 6/7 weeks (range: 13 0/7 – 40 1/7 weeks). Real-time direct 4D, full volume acquisitions and live xPlane imaging were used to evaluate fetal anatomical structures. RESULTS: 1) 360 degree rotation and examination of selected structures were possible in second trimester fetuses; 2) Structures were examined by maintaining the transducer in a fixed position and rotating the volume dataset with the system trackball; 3) Dorsal and ventral parts of the hands and feet were visualized in a single volume dataset in real-time, with no need to move the transducer; 4) real-time en face visualization of atrioventricular valves was achieved from the ventricular or atrial chambers; 5) 3D images of bones were obtained during the early second trimester by decreasing gain settings only, with no need for cropping the surrounding structures; 6) 4D reconstruction of vascular structures was possible by using full volume acquisitions. Two limitations were identified: 1) lower resolution when compared to commercially available mechanical volumetric transducers, and 2) narrow volume display, which led to incomplete visualization of fetal structures in the third trimester. CONCLUSION: Real-time direct 4D imaging with 360 degree rotation for examination of fetal anatomical structures is possible. An important feature, when compared to currently available mechanical volumetric transducers, includes the possibility of examining fetal structures from multiple perspectives, in real-time, without the need to move the transducer in the maternal abdomen. Further technological developments may overcome the limitations identified in this study.
Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRD) is a multifaceted disease of immunologically naive, immunocompromised, and otherwise healthy dogs. It is a complex rather than a single disease in which various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma, co-infect naive, immunocompromised or previously vaccinated dogs. Most of the organisms involved with CIRD are primary pathogens of the respiratory epithelium and thus require aerosol exposure or contact with fomites to facilitate infection. Following exposure, clinical signs generally develop within 3–5 days and the animal may shed virus for up to 8–10 days, though influenza virus can be shed for up to several weeks following infection. CIRD has a propensity for young, immunologically naive animals and immunocompromised patients. In an ideal world, diagnosis of the diseases associated with CIRD would precede therapy and help guide the use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy, when indicated, should be directed by culture of bronchoalveolar lavage or tracheal wash fluid.
Neutron tomography (CT) image data of tungsten fusion energy heat exchange components

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Neutron tomography (CT) image data of tungsten fusion energy heat exchange components. The dataset includes three sets of images: ITER_171T-WA-0002_MB (ITER reference monoblock) CCFE_ThBr_MB (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy thermal break concept monoblock) ROIsamples_Stack (A stack of four region of interest samples*) The region of interest samples within the stack are as below: CCFE_ThBr_ROI (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy thermal break concept monoblock) IPP_Wf-Cu_p5_s1 (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik tungsten fibre / copper matrix coolant pipe) ITER_HHFT_ROI (ITER reference monoblock which has undergone high heat flux testing) ITER_17IT-WA-0002_ROI (ITER reference monoblock) This data was used originally for the following publication (please cite if re-using the data) where further details on the data may be obtained: Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Image based in silico characterisation of the effective thermal properties of a graphite foam”, Carbon, Vol. 143, pp. 542-558, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031 Each of the sample directories include reconstructed slices in Tiff format. To visualise the 3D volume use software such as ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads). CCFE_ThBr_ROI and ROIsamples_Stack include raw radiographs; dark and flat field images; scan & reconstruction parameter settings file. ITER_171T-WA-0002_MB includes data relating to the modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement. An X-Ray CT version of the ROI data is available for comparison: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533420 Image-based simulation (IBSim) meshes were generated directly from these datasets: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533422
[Coronary flow vasodilator reserve in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated arterial hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The coronary flow vasodilator reserve (CFVR) in the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery was studied in 50 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), by Doppler study via transesophageal approach. Group 1 included 39 patients with DM concurrent with Stages 1-2 arterial hypertension (AH), of them 14 patients were documented as having coronary heart disease (CHD) in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis (Subgroup 1A) and CHD was excluded in the remaining 25 patients (Subgroup 1B). Group comprised 11 patients with normal blood pressure (BP). For comparison, 6 healthy individuals were examined. CFVR was calculated as a ratio of the peak diastolic coronary flow (CF) velocity during infusion of dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) to the baseline CF. CDVR was significantly decreased as compared with the controls (2.07 +/- 0.73 in Subgroup 1A, 2.15 +/- 0.67 in subgroup 1B, 1.78 +/- 0.33 in Group 2, and 3.68 +/- 0.26 in the controls), this decrease being due to low CF velocities in hyperemia in the majority of patients in Subgroup 1A and Group 2 and to higher baseline CF velocity in most patients from Subgroup 1B. In Group 1 patients, CFVR was not linear with age, the duration of the disease, BP and HbA1 levels, but it was related to the carotid distensibility coefficient (rho = 0.60, p = 0.004) and to the blood level of total cholesterol (rho = -0.43, p = 0.0107). In Group 2 patients, the least CF velocities in the presence of vasodilatation were detectable in older patients and in patients with hypercholesterolemia. An all the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) had decreased CFVR whose values with the myocardial mass index above 130 g/m2 were significantly less than those in the absence of LVH. Thus, the limited reserve of coronary vasodilatation was detectable in patients with DM irrespective of BP levels and the status of epicardial arteries and it was most pronounced in LVH and hypercholesterolemia. The impaired elastic properties of peripheral arteries in the presence of cholesterolemia may be regarded as a marker of the low reserve of coronary vasodilatation in patients with DM concurrent with AH.
Stopping the Grog

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indigenous communities around Australia find themselves in the grip of chronic alcohol abuse and its related violence. For more than a decade Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, especially Indigenous women, have been agitating for change. In many cases Indigenous communities have been calling for restrictions to limit or prohibit alcohol availability to their members. In the past, Australia's anti-discrimination regime has been used to justify official inactivity on the issue of alcohol availability in Indigenous communities. Indigenous drinkers and publicans have also appealed to the principle of non-discrimination in their opposition to grog restrictions.
The Impact of Lifestyle on the Immune System: Focus on Islamic Lifestyle: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

“Lifestyle” is the way or style of people living in a special time and place and includes behaviors and functions of individuals which are formed in a specific geographical, economic, political, cultural, and religious context and influenced by them. Lifestyle as an essential and efficient agent, impacts different aspects of human health, including immune functions. In the Islamic lifestyle, many recommendations have beneficial effects on human health. Islamic lifestyle influences human immunity with comprehensive recommendations and rules for different stages of life from the beginning until death. Breastfeeding is strongly emphasized in the Islamic lifestyle with an essential role in passive immunity. The quality of breastfeeding has been noticed; therefore, some spiritual words during breastfeeding have been recommended, such as the name of God, which affect the mother's and baby's immune systems via the neuro-immuno-endocrine network. Islamic lifestyle, especially in nutrition and attention to permission and forbidden foods, can prevent obesity and nutritional disorders and therefore may influence infection spread and prevention of diseases. In addition, there is a good synchronization between the hours of prayer “ Salat” , circadian rhythm, and immune response. In fasting according to Islamic rules ( Sawm ), moderate hunger and thirst may result in the enhancement of T cell function, cytokine production, and NK cell activity and diminish the negative effects of cholesterol on the immune system. Emphasis on the necessity of paying attention to maintain spiritual health and piety ( Taghva ) and encouraging marriage are other examples of Islamic lifestyle-related recommendations with beneficial effects on human immune functions. Hence, it is believed that Islamic teaching presents patterns for a healthy life style that could be beneficial for the immune system.
Systematics from NICER Pulse Profiles Drive Uncertainty in Multi-Messenger Inference of the Neutron Star Equation of State

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present new constraints on the neutron star equation of state (EOS) and mass distribution using a unified Bayesian inference framework that incorporates latest NICER measurements, including PSR J0614$-$3329, alongside gravitational wave data, radio pulsar masses, and nuclear theory. By systematically comparing four inference scenarios--varying in the inclusion of PSR J0614$-$3329 and in the pulse profile model used for PSR J0030+0451--we quantify the impact of observational and modeling choices on dense matter inference. We find that pulse profile systematics dominate EOS uncertainties: the choice of hot spot geometry for PSR J0030+0451 leads to significant shifts in the inferred stiffness of the EOS and maximum neutron star mass. In contrast, PSR J0614$-$3329 mildly softens the EOS at low densities, reducing the radius at \(1.4\,M_\odot\) by \(\sim 100\)~m. A Bayesian model comparison yields a Bayes factor of $\log_{10} \mathrm{BF} \approx 1.58$ in favor of the ST+PDT model over PDT-U, providing strong evidence that multi-messenger EOS inference can statistically discriminate between competing NICER pulse profile models. These results highlight the critical role of NICER systematics in dense matter inference and the power of joint analyses in breaking modeling degeneracies.
Challenges in implementing models of coordinated care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary The purpose of this study is to explore implementation challenges behavioral health agencies have faced in moving toward new models of care coordination which have been mandated by health care policy. Specifically, this study looks at six behavioral health agencies in a rural region of a southwestern state. Three agencies had adopted a colocated model of care coordination which involved partnering with a local Federally Qualified Health Center to provide primary care services at the behavioral health agency facilities. Three other agencies included in the study had adopted a fully integrated model of care coordination which involved hiring their own practitioners to provide primary care services at their facilities. Findings Results from this qualitative study identified seven areas of implementation challenges experienced by agencies including financial mechanisms, regulation, electronic health records, role clarification, information sharing, medical provider stigma, and staff training on coordinated care. Some of the most common challenges for all agencies regardless of the model being implemented were funding mechanisms, information sharing, and regulation. Application Findings from this study indicate that although health care policy has moved toward a more progressive form of health care, challenges still remain that threaten the sustainability of such care. Improvements at the policy level are needed to reform payment mechanisms and regulatory burden, in addition to making improvements at the local level to train practitioners.