jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CM-Unet: A Convolutional Neural Network for Retinal Vessel Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate segmentation of retinal vessels from retinal images is critical for the detection and diagnosis of many ocular diseases and associated cardiovascular diseases. However, the complex structure of retinal vessels, the low contrast between the background and the vessels, and the various noises generated by medical imaging systems make retinal vessel segmentation a great challenge. To address these challenges, we propose an architecture called CM-Unet for accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels by improving the U-Net medical image segmentation model in this paper. Specifically, we achieve cross-layer cascading and reuse of features by constructing dense connections in the encoder part. In addition, we introduce global context blocks to filter noise in low-level semantic information and suppress irrelevant features to make the network more focused on the target feature region. Meanwhile, we use depthwise separable convolution instead of standard convolution to reduce the number of parameters. Experimental results of vascular segmentation on DRIVE and ARIA datasets show that the proposed method has significantly improved the segmentation accuracy demonstrating its effectiveness in vascular segmentation tasks.
Quantitative Analysis of the Teaching Effectiveness of the Language Acquisition Model in Japanese Language and Culture Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the process of applying traditional teaching forms, problems such as low participation in classroom activities and poor independent learning are gradually highlighted. This paper first designs the task-based cooperative language acquisition model then constructs the supervision and management system for cooperative learning, and finally establishes the evaluation mechanism for task-based cooperative learning. This paper uses the questionnaire survey method, Pearson correlation coefficient method, principal component analysis method, and multiple regression analysis methods as data analysis methods. By establishing a mathematical model, the parameters to be estimated are listed, and then these data are fitted, and finally, a statistical analysis is performed. Through the questionnaire survey method, this paper verified that the method had a positive effect on students’ Japanese learning; 46.2% of students enjoyed learning Japanese, and 92.3% participated in group discussions. The effectiveness of Japanese language teaching was assessed by extracting three main factors through principal component analysis, which were summarised as pre-study performance, classroom performance, and individual thinking performance. Under the language acquisition model, teachers can improve students’ learning effectiveness by monitoring and encouraging their performance on these three indicators.
Evaluation and utilization of the offsprings derived from indica-japonica cross

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The method of continuously polymerizing and accumulating different favorable genes was used.The breeding practice of heterosis utilization between indica and japonica lasted for 21 years and went through 4-selected phases.32 derived lines of the hybrid breeding indica-japonica rice were bred.The effect and effective utilization of the derived lines in improving indica-japonica hybrid rice were evaluated.The breeding process and the analysis of the yield-related traits of the derived lines show that: the breeding of the derived lines is a process of gradual recognization and improvement.First,at the early stage of breeding,many wide compability genes and restoring genes should be polymerized and special attention should be paid to the tillering ability,the 1000-grain weight and the shattering trait.At the middle stage,the problems in practical production should be solved and the agronomic traits and the grain plumpness should be improved.In the practical stage,the goal of the application and popularization of the derived lines can be achieved.Second,the selection of the offsprings of restorer line in hybrid breeding indica-japonica rice differs from the conventional selection.The best way to select the offsprings of restorer line is that restorer line should be crossed with many different cytoplasmic sterile lines.Third,in order to enhance the heterosis,enlarge the genetic difference of inter-subspecific parents and moderately enhance japonica composition while improving the comprehensive characters of restorer line.Fourth,continuously polymerizing and accumulating favorable genes and combination of good plant-type,high yield,good quality,stress-resistance and adaptability is the breeding strategy and technique to select practical,strong superior indica-japonica hybrid rice.
THE ROLE OF GENDER IN SHAPING STUDENTS' ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: AN EXAMINATION THROUGH THE TPB MODEL

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

An entrepreneurial intention could be influenced by a variety of factors. Numerous studies have examined how the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which considers students' attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control may have influenced students' propensity for entrepreneurship. In addition, formal entrepreneurship education also has certain impact on the development of entrepreneurial intention among students. Students may have different preferences for entrepreneurship based on these criteria. Our research uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to enhance and incorporate earlier findings of students’ entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur between the gender and independent variables examined. A questionnaire with multiple scales was used to gather self-reported data. The study findings showed that there was a difference in the two genders of UiTM Cawangan Terengganu (UiTMCT) students' preferences to become entrepreneurs, except for the perceived behavioral control variable. Furthermore, it was discovered that the biggest factor impacting female students' preference for business was formal entrepreneurship education.
Genetic and in silico analysis of Indian sporadic young onset patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our study revealed two potentially pathogenic variants in two ALS candidate genes. The genetic makeup of ALS patients from India has been the subject of a few prior studies, but none of them examined ANXA11 and SIGMAR1 genes so far. These results establish the framework for additional research into the pathogenic processes behind these variations that result in sporadic ALS disease and further our understanding of the genetic makeup of Indian ALS patients.
Diversity and Composition of Riparian Vegetation across Forest and Agro-Ecosystem Landscapes of River Cauvery, Southern India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aims to examine tree species richness, and composition and diversity of riparian forests across forest and agro-ecosystem landscapes observed along the river Cauvery of southern India. Riparian forest was sampled in a belt transect of size 100 Ã 50 m, at each of the 80 sampling plots scattered over a 318 km length along the river Cauvery. Total of 177 tree species belonging to 52 families, representing 2930 individuals, were recorded. Differences occurred between the forest and agro ecosystem landscape in terms of species richness, family richness and number of individuals observed, with a decrease in agro-ecosystem compared to forest landscape. Species similarity was low between the forest and agro-ecosystem landscapes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher for forest landscape (5.6) with more evenness in distribution. In the forest landscape, high importance value indices (IVI) were obtained for Terminalia arjuna, Pongamia pinnata, Hopea parviflora. In the agro-ecosystem, species Pongamia pinnata, Ficus benghalensis, Salix tetraspermae exhibited high IVI. Expansion of agricultural activities and other biotic pressures might have led to the variation in species composition between the forest and agro-ecosystem. Also, it has led to the decline in ripicole and evergreen species such as Hydnocarpus pentandra, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus, Madhuca neriifolia, Palaquium ellipticum, Myristica dactyloides, etc., consequently affecting the associated biodiversity of the river in the agro-ecosystem. Country needs to enact a permanent policy to protect and conserve riparian buffers to avoid further degradation and loss of biodiversity in the unregulated areas along the river. Â© International Society for Tropical Ecology.
O36 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to predict fetal exposure to antiviral drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Physiologic changes associated with pregnancy may have a large impact on drug disposition. The goal of this study was to build PBPK maternal-fetal models to predict the fetal exposure to antiviral drugs including emtricitabine and acyclovir. Methods PBPK models were built in the Open Systems Pharmacology Software Suite version 7.3 (www.open-systems-pharmacology.org). The maternal-fetal PBPK model structure was developed in MoBi and exported to PK-Sim for population simulations. Placental transfer was parameterized based on data from ex vivo cotyledon perfusion experiments. The predictive performance of the PBPK models was evaluated via comparison with in vivo data. The pregnancy data for those drugs were from in vivo maternal and fetal blood samples taken at delivery. Results In the acyclovir ex vivo experimental data simulation, the fitted was 0.056 L/h (95% confidence interval: 0.043 - 0.069 L/h) and the fitted was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.39 - 0.59). The predicted ratio between acyclovir in vivo concentrations in the umbilical vein plasma and the maternal plasma ranged from 0.37 - 0.77, whereas the observed ratios were slightly higher and ranged from 0.61 - 1.1. 1 The previously published, and CLpl (1.49 1/h) parameters 2 were applied to the emtricitabine maternal-fetal PBPK model, and the emtricitabine concentrations in the umbilical cord were adequately predicted. Conclusion These results increase the confidence in applying PBPK models to predict maternal and fetal drug exposure. Improved maternal-fetal PBPK models may streamline and accelerate the performance of pharmacokinetic and safety studies for drugs in pregnant women. References Frenkel LM, et al. Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in the term human pregnancy and neonate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:569–76. De Sousa Mendes M, et al. Prediction of human fetal pharmacokinetics using ex vivo human placenta perfusion studies and physiologically based models. Brit J Clin Pharmacol 2016;81:646–57. Disclosure(s) The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as the position of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or of the National Institutes of Health. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
[Breathing sleep disturbances and occupational medicine: study of 20 clinical cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During 2004, in the Center for Sleep Disorders, a questionnaire including Epworth sleepiness scale (ES) was administered to 120 subjects; 20 male subjects of this group with elevated score (ES >14) were selected and submitted to polysomnography. Subjects, all in working age, were represented by 3 (15%) shift-workers, 9 (45%) drivers, 17 (85%) industrial workers (among those 5 building workers) and 3 (15%) employers. By polysomnography, moderatelsevere OSAHS was diagnosed in all subjects (40% moderate, 60% severe). CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy led to an improvement of clinical symptoms since the first month. Counselling of Occupational Medicine Physician with the Center for Sleep Disorders, was useful to direct the action of Competent Doctor, especially for jobs requiring high vigilance (drivers or shift-worker). The pass certificate for jobs with an high risk (alone, in high places, heavy means drivers) cannot avoid to evaluate this pathology, that is often associated to other related risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes), because it compromises both the specific suitability and the protection of common health and safety.
Studies in detoxication. II. (a) The conjugation of isomeric 3-menthanols with glucuronic acid and the asymmetric conjugation of dl-menthol and dl-isomenthol in the rabbit. (b) d-isoMenthylglucuronide, a new conjugated glucuronic acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1938 Studies in detoxication. II. (a) The conjugation of isomeric 3-menthanols with glucuronic acid and the asymmetric conjugation of dl-menthol and dl-isomenthol in the rabbit. (b) d-isoMenthylglucuronide, a new conjugated glucuronic acid Richard Tecwyn Williams Richard Tecwyn Williams 1The Physiology Department, University of Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1938) 32 (10): 1849–1855. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0321849 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Richard Tecwyn Williams; Studies in detoxication. II. (a) The conjugation of isomeric 3-menthanols with glucuronic acid and the asymmetric conjugation of dl-menthol and dl-isomenthol in the rabbit. (b) d-isoMenthylglucuronide, a new conjugated glucuronic acid. Biochem J 1 October 1938; 32 (10): 1849–1855. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0321849 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1938 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1938 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Measurements of Loudness Growth in 1/2-Octave Bands for Children and Adults With Normal Hearing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The loudness growth in 1/2-octave bands (LGOB) procedure has been shown previously to provide valid estimates of loudness growth for adults with normal hearing and those with hearing loss (Allen, Hall, & Jeng, 1990), and it has been widely incorporated into fitting strategies for adult hearing aid users by a hearing aid manufacturer. Here, we applied a simple modification of LGOB to children and adults with normal hearing and then compared the loudness growth functions (as obtained from end-point data) between the two age groups. In addition, reliability data obtained within a single session and between test sessions were compared between the two groups. Large differences were observed in the means between the two groups for the lower boundary values, the upper boundary values, and the range between boundaries both within and across all frequencies. The data obtained from children also had greater variance than the adult data. In addition, there was more variability in the data across test sessions for children. Many test-retest differences for children exceeded 10 dB. Adult test-retest differences were generally less than 10 dB. Although the LGOB with the modifications used in this study may be used to measure loudness growth in children, its poor reliability with this age group may limit its clinical use for children with hearing loss. Additional work is needed to explore whether loudness growth measures can be adapted successfully to children and whether these measures contribute worthwhile information for fitting hearing aids to children.
Filmed Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to support student skills development

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Innovation: Third year student midwives undertake a practice module which includes a scenario-based observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessment that tests their ability to identify and mitigate labour risk factors, as well as effectively managing a simulated obstetric emergency. \nDiscussion: This is a long-standing and positively-reviewed assessment. However, it was recognised that student learning and confidence for post-registration practice could be further enhanced with the introduction of filmed OSCE assessments. \nClassroom lectures and skills laboratory practice were supplemented by filmed tutorials of the emergency skills. Recorded by academic staff, these were posted on the University virtual learning environment (VLE) to facilitate students’ learning through skills demonstration and repetitive viewing. \nFormative review of the students’ progress was then filmed in the skills laboratory. Unobtrusive, ceiling-mounted equipment was used to record the students’ practise. The films were uploaded onto the students’ private VLE page, giving each student an individual record of their performance along with the verbal feedback provided by the assessor immediately following the OSCE. Written feedback was also provided through the VLE. \nStudents then review their own performance in conjunction with the written and verbal feedback; enabling them to appraise their performance in light of the feedback. Additionally, although the films are only released to the individual student, many have shared their films with cohort colleagues in order to support their own and each other’s learning. \nConclusion: Effective management of obstetric emergencies is an aspect of midwifery practice which causes students anxiety and one in which they often struggle to participate in the clinical area. The changes to this module have been very well received. Students report increased confidence in managing these situations and a greater readiness for registration.
Creating and sustaining a basis for life-long learning in tertiary dancer training at Queensland University of Technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper acknowledges the influences that a generation Y population brings to dance training methodologies and examines this impact in a tertiary context. Over the last 4 years, Queensland University of Technology has been modifying their curriculum for new students transitioning from the private dance studio into the prevocational university environment. An intensive training program was designed to empower the student creating effective entry points for common understandings in the learning and teaching of dance techniques with improved and accelerated learning outcomes. This paper shares these philosophies and practices in training for life-long learning that prepare the young dancer for longevity in the industry.
SPEED OBSERVER FOR HIGH FREQUENCIES DRIVES IN LEACHING AND WASHING PROCESS)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The process of washing and leaching of latheric minerals requieres the use of pumps drives to transport pulps and licours to the processing units to obtain Nia+Co; It is interesting to ofert a way to rise the productivity of these mechanisms through the increment of the revolutions number of the motors, which is related with the flows and the speeds of mineral transport, and offer an algorithm of a speed observer an induction motor that works at high frequencies under conditions metallurgical-minning of Moa, vectorially regulated by Field Oriented Theory. The Model is simulated on MATLAB, showing the optimization graphics of the mining drives, by means a serially of subordinated
Technological And Economical Aspects Of Arc Welding Of AL 5754

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aluminium and its alloys represent very important group of structural materials.They have many applications in mechanical and civil engineering, and welding is considered to be one of the most important joining techniques.However, welding of aluminium has several issues, like high thermal conductivity and easy formation of oxide layer with high melting temperature.Recently, solid state friction stir welding process has been developed to overcome such issues, but it is not easily applicable in every situation.Therefore, welding of aluminium still greatly relies on arc welding.Among commonly used TIG and MIG processes, pulsed MIG (and its variants) are developed to fulfil requests regarding heat input and oxide layer removal during welding.This paper gives brief general overview of technical and technological aspects of these processes, and then more details regarding welding of widely used aluminium 5754 alloy with thickness of 4 mm.Comparison of relevant costs is given as well.All welds were made using digitally controlled equipment, while voltage and current were additionally measured.Based on evaluation of welds and calculated costs, conclusion regarding feasibility of each process is given.
A New fatty acid and some triterpenoids from propolis of Nkambe (North-West Region, Cameroon) and evaluation of the antiradical scavenging activity of their extracts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro antiradical scavenging activity of propolis from Nkambe (North-West, Cameroon). The polyphenol content of the acetone extract was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as 0.166±0.008 gGAE/100 gRM. Antiradical scavenging activity of hexane and acetone extracts was carried out on DPPH using ascorbic acid as standard. The results showed that the extracts possess antiradical activity with IC 50 of 141 μg/mL and 267 μg/mL for acetone and hexane extracts, respectively. The column chromatography separation on silica gel of the hexane fractionyielded compounds 1 to 3 . The structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometry data as Lupenone ( 1 ), a mixture of α and ß -Amyrin ( 2 ) and lastly Hexatriacontanoic acid ( 3 ) which was described for the first time from propolis.
Downing Street Diary: Volume Two. By Bernard Donoughue.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When Richard Crossman published his ‘Diaries of a Cabinet Minister’ nearly forty years ago, I was already working in Whitehall as the Political Advisor to James Callaghan as Foreign Secretary. I remember the frisson of disapproval which went round among politicians and mandarins alike. Was not the keeping and publishing of diaries a breach of trust which would undermine both cabinet government and the relationship between civil servants and their Minister? At that time, in 1975, Bernard Donoughue was already at work compiling his own diaries recording his years as head of Harold Wilson's Policy Unit. Those diaries were published in 2005 as ‘Downing Street Diary: with Harold Wilson in Number 10’. In the thirty years between the publication of the Crossman Diaries and that volume, the publishing of personal records and instant memoirs became much more common. Barbara Castle famously referred to her diaries as ‘my pension’ and Tony Benn turned diary writing and publication into something of a cottage industry.