jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One step forward, two steps back? The fading contours of (in)justice in competing discourses on climate migration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent debates on climate change and migration, the focus on the figure of ‘climate refugees’ (tainted by environmental determinism and a crude understanding of human mobility) has given ground to a broader conception of the climate–migration nexus. In particular, the idea that migration can represent a legitimate adaptation strategy has emerged strongly. This appears to be a positive development, marked by softer tones that de‐securitise climate migration. However, political and normative implications of this evolution are still understudied. This article contributes to filling the gap by turning to both the ‘climate refugees’ and ‘migration as adaptation’ narratives, interrogating how and whether those competing narratives pose the question of (in)justice. Our analysis shows that the highly problematic ‘climate refugees’ narrative did (at least) channel justice claims and yielded the (illusory) possibility of identifying concrete rights claims and responsibilities. Read in relation to the growing mantra of resilience in climate policy and politics, the more recent narrative on ‘migration as adaptation’ appears to displace justice claims and inherent rights in favour of a depoliticised idea of adaptation that relies on the individual migrant's ability to compete in and benefit from labour markets. We warn that the removal of structural inequalities from the way in which the climate–migration nexus is understood can be seen as symptomatic of a shrinking of the conditions to posing the question of climate justice.
Features of demographic transition in Kazakhstan regions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the study is to identify the features of the demographic transition in in the Kazakhstan regions. Methodology. The study was conducted based on a comparison of general indicators of fertility, mortality and natural increase in the regions of Kazakhstan for 2000 and 2022, as well as the age and sex structure of the population by region at the beginning of 2023. Depending on the values of general indicators of population reproduction, the regions of Kazakhstan are divided into 5 groups. A similar grouping was made according to the type of reproductive structure based on the G. Zunberg scale. Originality / value of the research. The data obtained made it possible to assess the situation with population reproduction in the regions of Kazakhstan and classify them from the perspective of the demographic transition. Findings. The results of the study showed both a significant discrepancy in the demographic situation between regions, and its change from 2000 to 2022. Thus, according to the general indicator of natural growth in 2000, more than a third of the regions (6 out of 16) were included in the first group (low level of natural growth), and in 2022 – only a fifth (4 regions out of 20). The results of grouping regions according to the Zunberg scale showed good comparability with the results of grouping regions according to the general coefficien of natural increase. The difference is explained by the fact that the grouping of regions according to the Zunberg scale reflects the situation that has developed in the regions over a long period of time, and the grouping of regions according to the general natural growth rate reflects the situation only for 2022.
High-Throughput Metabolomics using 96-plex Isotope Tagging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics suffers from extended duty cycles and matrix-dependent quantitation. Chemical tags with 96 unique masses are reported, which alleviate the metabolomic workflow bottleneck and allow for absolute quantitation. A metabolic screen for carboxylic acids was performed on mammalian cells deprived of various nutrients and showed 24% RSD and analysis of 288 samples in 2 h.
Changes in water potential and its components during shoot formation in tobacco callus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Shoot‐forming tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) callus maintains more negative water and osmotic potentials and more positive pressure potentials than non‐shoot‐forming callus. These differences are apparent by day 2 in culture, prior to any visible histological changes in the tissue, and are maximum by day 6, which is at the time of the first visible changes leading to organized development. The differences are maintained throughout the 28‐day culture period and are also evident in tissues grown under both low and high sucrose levels. Mannitol can partially replace sucrose in the maintenance of the above differences. It is suggested that the high water, osmotic and pressure potentials in the shoot‐forming tissue are maintained via (1) the accumulation of malate early in culture, (2) the presence of free sugars from the medium throughout the culture period, and (3) the degradation products of starch at the time of meristemoid formation and the succeeding organogentic phases.
THE CHANGE IN STATE OF THE PROTEINS OF MUSCLE IN RIGOR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. When myosin is exposed to a typical denaturing agent (acid) it becomes insoluble and its SH groups are activated. 2. The same number of active SH groups is found in the soluble myosin of resting muscle as in the insoluble myosin of muscle in rigor. No activation of SH groups accompanies the formation of insoluble protein in rigor. 3. When the insoluble myosin of muscle in rigor is treated with a denaturing agent its SH groups are activated. 4. Protein coagulation as brought about by denaturing agents (heat, acid, alkali, alcohol, urea, salicylate, surface forces, ultraviolet light) is a distinctly different change from the coagulation of myosin brought about by the unknown agent in muscle.
Monitoring, IoT Devices, and Semantics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Efforts to improve Internet of Things (IoT) device interoperability for monitoring are still required. This demo paper proposes monitoring infrastructure safety and security with the use of semantics. We make use of an ontology we proposed for interoperability in the IoT, the Connectivity Management Tool Semantics (CMTS) ontology. We demonstrate its use and the advantages it provides by monitoring a bridge, a crucial infrastructure that must be verified in near real-time. Two Raspberry Pi devices with sensors are used to monitor the inclination and vibration of the bridge, sending the data to a cloud server, which handles the ontology data-model. We also provide a web visualization tool, developed to assist users of the ontology to comprehend the status of the system's entities.
MONOAMINE OXIDASE A AND B IN CULTURED CELLS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract— Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity against tryptamine was compared in a number of continuous rodent lines, including neuroblastoma, hepatoma, melanoma, nephroma, sarcoma and L cells. Activities against tryptamine varied over 300‐fold in homogenates of different lines, being highest in hepatoma line MH 1 C 1 and lowest in a neuroblastoma line lacking hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity. The amount, but not the type, of MAO activity varied with the stage of growth in homogenates of neuroblastoma and hepatoma cells. Measurements of succinate‐cytochrome c reductase (SCCR), another mitochondrial enzyme, also showed 20‐fold variations between lines, being highest in neuroblastoma line N1E‐115 and lowest in hepatoma line MH 1 C 1 ; SCCR and MAO activities appeared to be regulated independently. The relative proportions of the A and B types of MAO activity were determined in homogenates and living cultures. Clorgyline inhibition of tryptamine deamination in homogenates indicated that in all lines except MH 1 C 1 , greater than 95% of the MAO activity was of the A type. In MH 1 C 1 homogenates, using clorgyline or deprenyl, 40–70% of the activity appeared to be of the A type and 30‐60% of the B type. In cultures of neuroblastoma N1E‐115 cells, deamination of tryptamine and dopamine was sensitive to inhibition by low concentrations of clorgyline, indicating that the A type of activity is present intracellularly. as in homogenates. In MH 1 C 1 hepatoma cultures, tryptamine deamination showed a biphasic sensitivity to clorgyline. We interpret this to mean that A and B types of MAO activity occur together in living hepatoma cells.
Metal Oxide Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion batteries have become the most popular power source for portable electronics, offering very good energy density, along with favorable stability and efficiency [1]. At the Li-ion anode, graphitic carbons have been ubiquitous [2], though these materials may lack sufficient energy density to enable grid or home-scale energy storage or the realization of fully electric vehicles with sufficient driving range. Therefore, recent years have seen a shift in focus to the development of materials with higher capacity than graphite. Metal oxides are a promising family of materials that could potentially replace graphite as the anode in lithium-ion batteries. Metal oxides typically do not intercalate lithium during charging process, but rely on chemical transformations with more than one electron transfer to store and deliver energy, which results in much higher capacities. In addition, they also have a safer lithiation potential that eliminates the problematic lithium plating process during charging. However, the use of metal oxides has been limited mainly by their low electrical conductivity, and inferior cycling stability [3-5]. To circumvent these challenges, nanostructured metal oxides and their composites with advanced carbon materials, such as graphene, can be used to improve their capacity retention by suppressing phase segregation during charge/discharge and volumetric expansion, as well as enhancing ionic and electronic transport. In this work, the interaction between metal oxides (Co 3 O 4 , SnO 2 , NiO, MnO 2 ) and several carbon substrates was explored using a combination of electrochemical and physical characterization. Increased interfacial interaction between carbon and metal oxide, while minimizing the carbon loading, is critical to improve battery performance. Excellent capacity retention and rate capability can be realized through a combination of material chemistry and structure, and promising approaches to achieve this will be the focus of this presentation. [1] Tarascon. J, Armand. M, Nature , 414 (2001) 359. [2] Sawai. K, Ohzuku. T, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150 (2003) A674. [3] Lee, S. H.; Kim, Y. H.; Deshpande, R.; Parilla, P. A.; Whitney, E.; Gillaspie, D. T.; Jones, K. M.; Mahan, A. H.; Zhang, S. B.; Dillon, A. C., Adv. Mater., 20 (2008) 3627. [4] N.S. Spinner, A. Palmieri, N. Beauregard, L. Zhang, J. Campanella and W.E. Mustain, J. Power Sources , Accepted. [5] N. Spinner, L. Zhang and W.E. Mustain, J. Mat. Chem. A , 2(6) (2014) 1627-1630.
Cold gas stripping in satellite galaxies: from pairs to clusters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate environment-driven gas depletion in satellite galaxies, taking full advantage of the atomic hydrogen (H I) spectral stacking technique to quantify the gas content for the entire gas-poor to -rich regimes. We do so using a multiwavelength sample of 10 600 satellite galaxies, selected according to stellar mass (log M-star/M-circle dot >= 9) and redshift (0.02 <= z <= 0.05) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, with H I data from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey. Using key H I-to-stellar mass scaling relations, we present evidence that the gas content of satellite galaxies is, to a significant extent, dependent on the environment in which a galaxy resides. For the first time, we demonstrate that systematic environmental suppression of gas content at both fixed stellar mass and fixed specific star formation rate in satellite galaxies begins in halo masses typical of the group regime (log M-h/M-circle dot < 13.5), well before galaxies reach the cluster environment. We also show that environment-driven gas depletion is more closely associated with halo mass than local density. Our results are then compared with state-of-the-art semi-analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations and discussed within this framework, showing that more work is needed if models are to reproduce the observations. We conclude that the observed decrease of gas content in the group and cluster environments cannot be reproduced by starvation of the gas supply alone and invoke fast acting processes such as ram-pressure stripping of cold gas to explain this.
Development and application of a soil-based infiltration model

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual infiltration model with parameters that can be related to the physical properties of a soil, and to develop possible applications for it. The shortcomings of an existing physically meaningful conceptual infiltration model were identified and improved with the aid of a numerical infiltration model. The Green and Ampt infiltration equation coupled to a conceptual tank model was used to overcome the identified shortcomings. Four deficiencies were identified in the existing conceptual infiltration model. They are related to the definition of the tank depth, the time-to-ponding, the percolation flow and the infiltration capacity equations. The deficient equations have been replaced with more physically-based ones in the improved conceptual infiltration model.
Nonlinear dispersion hyperbolic models of continuous media

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Nonequilibrium flows of an inhomogeneous liquid in channels and pipes are considered in the long-wave approximation. Nonlinear dispersion hyperbolic flow models are derived allowing taking into account the influence of internal inertia during the relative motion of phases upon the structure of nonlinear wave fronts. The asymptotic derivation of dispersion hyperbolic models is shown on the example of classical Boussinesq equations. It is shown that the hyperbolic approximation of the equations has the same order of accuracy as the primary model.
Similar but different: an analysis of differences in clarinet and saxophone pedagogy and doubler’s misconceptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Doubling, or the ability to play one or more secondary instruments, is an extremely important skill for the professional woodwind player to have. For a saxophonist, the ability to play clarinet can sometimes make the difference between winning an audition or not. On a more basic level, many clarinetists learn to play saxophone so they can participate in the school jazz band, while many saxophonists learn to play clarinet both as a double in jazz band or as a new challenge in the concert band setting. Many times a student will pick up an instrument and attempt to figure it out on their own, and are able to get by using a subpar embouchure without ever learning the way to improve their sound or ability. Knowing typical misconceptions and problems in advance can help new students learn to perform better on their secondary instrument as soon as they learn to play, and can help teachers with identifying common mistakes to look out for. Unfortunately, research documenting the differences between clarinet and saxophone and problems experienced by doublers is lacking. Most available sources on doubling simply describe its usefulness from a performance perspective, rather than describing ways to teach doubling or common issues with musicians playing both instruments. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the tendencies and misconceptions of clarinetists and saxophonists when playing a clarinet or a saxophone as a secondary instrument.
Assessing Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and Safety in Rats during Focused Ultrasound Procedure with MRI and Acoustic Cavitation Monitoring

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: There is a lack of comprehensive MRI-based evaluation of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening in rat models. Goal(s): We aim to develop a safe BBB opening protocol in rat models with jugular vein catheter, using cavitation monitoring and MRI assessment. Approach: We investigated the effects of sonication parameters on BBB opening and tissue damage and the relationship between ultrasound cavitation measures and contrast changes on post-treatment MRI (T1W, T2W, SWI, T2*) Results: Optimal BBB opening was achieved at 0.45 MPa with 10 ms burst length and continuous microbubble injection, confirmed by T1-weighted MRI showing hyperintensity and no brain damage. Impact: The optimized BBB opening and monitoring protocol developed in this study will enable preclinical studies of delivery of the therapeutic compounds across the BBB.
The Impact of Work Demand Stressors on Employees' Work Engagement and Job Performance in Flexible Work Arrangements

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In these dynamic work environments, work demands stressors, namely job insecurity and conflict between work and family, can cause stress, which has become increasingly prevalent. The influence of the three chronic stressors on work outcomes documented by previous studies indicates a great challenge that is important to be analyzed further. To address the issue, this study integrates the role of a psychological factor in explaining the relationship by analyzing the perceptions of employees who are implementing flexible work arrangements. This study investigates the effect of job insecurity, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict on work engagement and job performance through the mediation role of psychological well-being. Data from 578 employees were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that increased perceptions of job insecurity, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict could harm psychological well-being, which, in turn, influence work engagement and job performance.
Diane Abbott, misogynoir and the politics of Black British feminism’s anticolonial imperatives: ‘In Britain too, it’s as if we don’t exist’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues that it is remiss to understand the acute intensification of White supremacist politics in contemporary Britain without paying close attention to how this racism is inherently gendered and sexualised. This will be discussed in relation to the gendered racism of ‘misogynoir’ as experienced by the British Member of Parliament Diane Abbott. The article uses Shirley Anne Tate’s powerful analysis of the Sable-Saffron Venus in the English imaginary to argue that forms of British, and more explicitly English, national identity have been worked out on the back of systemic efforts to erase the material and epistemic presence of Black women in Britain from the British body politic. It further argues that the politics of erasure extends to the epistemic elision of Black British feminist theorising within the field of social theory. What then are the consequences and interplay of both the lived and epistemic acts of violence? I explore these issues by mapping Black British feminism’s anticolonial politics to argue that we should bring this tradition to bear in our analysis of this most recent iteration of racism in our contemporary times.
Jack the Giant Killer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The story of Jack, the intrepid little boy whose courage and ingenuity defeated a host of many-headed giants several times his size, is an English folk-tale that must have been told often in the Victorian nursery of the Doyle family. Growing up in the 1830s, they were all gifted children, especially Richard, whose natural talent for draughtsmanship was matched by imaginative invention and a passion for legend and the grotesque. In 1842, when only eighteen, he created for his own delight a picture-book version of Jack The Giant Killer, writing the text by hand, and carefully placing on each page a water-colour illustration within a pictorial border. The new everyman edition has typeset the text for greater legibility and redesigned the book for contemporary appeal, while retaining Doyle's vivid and characterful illustrations, enlarged and enhanced by modern colour printing techniques. The result is a book that will satisfy the modern child's appetite for bloodthirsty exploits of wonder and magic, yet is at the same time a true collector's item for anyone interested in the history of children's book illustration.
Transcriptome and Metabolome Integration Reveals the Impact of Fungal Elicitors on Triterpene Accumulation in Sanghuangporus sanghuang

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a large wood-decaying mushroom highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine due to its medicinal properties, including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties effects. Its key bioactive compounds include flavonoids and triterpenoids. Specific fungal genes can be selectively induced by fungal elicitors. To investigate the effect of fungal polysaccharides derived from Perenniporia tenuis mycelia on the metabolites of S. sanghuang, we conducted metabolic and transcriptional profiling with and without elicitor treatment (ET and WET, respectively). Correlation analysis showed significant differences in triterpenoid biosynthesis between the ET and WET groups. In addition, the structural genes associated with triterpenoids and their metabolites in both groups were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Through metabolite screening, three triterpenoids were identified: betulinol, betulinic acid, and 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid. Excitation treatment increased the level of betulinic acid by 2.62-fold and 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid by 114.67-fold compared to WET. The qRT-PCR results of the four genes expressed in secondary metabolic pathways, defense gene activation, and signal transduction showed significant variation between the ET and WET groups. Overall, our study suggests that the fungal elicitor induced the aggregation of pentacyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites in S. sanghuang.
Myocardial lipids and creatine measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy among patients with heart failure Determinaciones de niveles de creatina y lípidos mediante espectroscopia por resonancia magnética en miocardio de pacientes con insuficiencia card

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is characterized, among other features, by the development of alterations in myocardial energy metabolism, involving a decrease in glucose utilization and increased free fatty acid uptake by cardiomyocytes, associated with decreased deposits of high-energy phosphates (creatine phosphate/ creatine transporter). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows a direct and noninvasive assessment of myocardial metabolites. Aim: To measure myocardial creatine and lipids by MR spectroscopy among patients with HF. Material and Methods: Cardiac MR spectroscopy (1.5 Tesla) with Hydrogen antenna and single voxel acquisition was performed in five patients with non-ischemic heart failure, aged 58 ± 9.7 years, (60% males) and 5 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. We analyzed the signals of creatine (Cr), lipids (L) and water (W) in the interventricular septum, establishing the water/lipid (W/L) and water/creatine (W/Cr) index to normalize the values obtained. Results: