jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
β-Sitosterol Inhibits Tumor Growth and Amplifies Rituximab Sensitivity through Acid Sphingomyelinase/Ceramide Signaling in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rituximab (RTX) resistance is a notable challenge in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). β-Sitosterol (β-ST) is a plant sterol that has been found in a broad variety of fruits, spices, and medicinal plants. The antineoplastic properties of β-ST are established in various solid malignancies; however, its effect on DLBCL is uncharted. This study investigates the role of β-ST in DLBCL as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that β-ST impeded DLBCL cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. β-ST appeared to alter sphingolipid metabolism, facilitate acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) translocation to the plasma membrane, augment ceramide platforms through increased ceramide synthesis, and consequently induce apoptosis in DLBCL cells. Furthermore, we found that RTX initiated both apoptotic and survival pathways in vitro, with the former contingent on the transient activation of the ASM, and β-ST could amplify the anti-DLBCL efficacy of RTX by modulating ASM/Ceramide (Cer) signaling. Collectively, our findings elucidate the mechanistic role of β-ST in DLBCL and underscore its potential in amplifying the antineoplastic efficacy of RTX via ASM activation, proposing a potential avenue to improve the efficacy of RTX therapy.
Slowing of disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients during long-term treatment with leflunomide or sulfasalazine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radiographic disease progression with leflunomide and sulfasalazine treatment was assessed in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a double-blind trial that was placebo controlled for the first 6 months. Completers at 6 months opted to continue on 12- and 24-month double-blind extensions; patients in the placebo group were switched to sulfasalazine. Changes in Larsen scores were assessed in evaluable patient cohorts at 6 (n=228), 12 (n=136), and 24 (n=65) months. Changes in Larsen scores and erosive joint counts with leflunomide and sulfasalazine at 6 months showed significantly less radiographic progression than placebo. Sustained retardation of radiographic progression was seen in the 24-month intent-to-treat cohorts (delta Larsen scores: leflunomide -0.07, sulfasalazine -0.03). Changes in erosive joint counts within the 24-month leflunomide cohort suggest halting of disease progression for patients who continued in the study for 2 years (leflunomide -0.92, sulfasalazine 0.80). Leflunomide was well tolerated with no unexpected adverse events during the 2-year period. This study demonstrates that slowing of disease progression with leflunomide, observed as early as 6 months, is maintained long term in patients who complete 2 years of treatment.
Design of first experiment to achieve fusion target gain &gt; 1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A decades-long quest to achieve fusion energy target gain and ignition in a controlled laboratory experiment, dating back to 1962, has been realized at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) on December 5, 2022 [Abu-Shawareb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 065102 (2024)] where an imploded pellet of deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel generated more fusion energy (3.15 MJ) than laser energy incident on the target (2.05 MJ). In these experiments, laser beams incident on the inside of a cylindrical can (Hohlraum) generate an intense ∼3 × 106 million degree x-ray radiation bath that is used to spherically implode ∼2 mm diameter pellets containing frozen deuterium and tritium. The maximum fusion energy produced in this configuration to date is 3.88 MJ using 2.05 MJ of incident laser energy and 5.2 MJ using 2.2 MJ of incident laser energy, producing a new record target gain of ∼2.4×. This paper describes the physics (target and laser) design of this platform and follow-on experiments that show increased performance. We show robust megajoule fusion energy output using this design as well as explore design modification using radiation hydrodynamic simulations benchmarked against experimental data, which can further improve the performance of this platform.
MotifRetro: Exploring the Combinability-Consistency Trade-offs in retrosynthesis via Dynamic Motif Editing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Is there a unified framework for graph-based retrosynthesis prediction? Through analysis of full-, semi-, and non-template retrosynthesis methods, we discovered that they strive to strike an optimal balance between combinability and consistency: \textit{Should atoms be combined as motifs to simplify the molecular editing process, or should motifs be broken down into atoms to reduce the vocabulary and improve predictive consistency?} Recent works have studied several specific cases, while none of them explores different combinability-consistency trade-offs. Therefore, we propose MotifRetro, a dynamic motif editing framework for retrosynthesis prediction that can explore the entire trade-off space and unify graph-based models. MotifRetro comprises two components: RetroBPE, which controls the combinability-consistency trade-off, and a motif editing model, where we introduce a novel LG-EGAT module to dynamiclly add motifs to the molecule. We conduct extensive experiments on USPTO-50K to explore how the trade-off affects the model performance and finally achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Study of Dual-Wavelength Mode Competition in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL) Produced by Acoustic Waves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Distributed sensing using all-fiber laser-based acoustic sensors has been demonstrated recently for large area sensing. However, the sensitivity of this type of sensor has so far been much lower by comparison with currently available optical microphones. This paper studies the use of controlled interaction between the modes of oscillation in a fiber laser to enhance the sensitivity of acoustic wave detection. The responses of individual longitudinal modes to acoustic waves in a dual-wavelength fiber laser are demonstrated. With the experimental setup that has been developed, observation of a single wavelength output from the dual-wavelength laser shows optical responses to acoustic waves at 23 dB below the triggering threshold of laser dynamics, when compared with the previous scheme based on uncontrolled multimode operation.
Equilibrium constants for the metalation of zinc porphyrins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium constants for the metalation of zinc porphyrinsPeter. HambrightCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 11, 2987–2988Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50177a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50177a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anesthetic Management of Patients with Placenta Accreta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 28-year old primigravida was admitted at 42 weeks gestation for induction of labor. Past medical, surgical and obstetric history was noncontributory. When labor arrested after 12 hours, she was prepared for cesarean section by extension of the epidural anesthesia previously placed for labor. After delivery of a healthy infant, massive hemorrhage occurred during attempted placental removal. A diagnosis of placenta accreta was entertained. Over 8 hours, under general anesthesia, bilateral hypogastric artery ligation and hysterectomy were performed. She made full recovery, but required the receipt of 28 units of packed red cells, 12 units of platelets, 12 units of FFP, 15 units of cryoprecipitate, and 13 liters of crystalloid to replace a measured blood loss of 15 liters.
A review of the literature relating to transmigrating canines. An illustrated case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Canine impaction is not an uncommon finding in the dental literature, but transmigration of mandibular canines is a rare phenomenon, and some of them are far more extreme than others. We report an extremely rare case of bilateral transmigration of impacted permanent canines crossing the midline of the mandible. Clinical Relevance: To understand the role of early interception so that the patient can be treated before canines transmigrate in order to avoid surgical extraction, as well as complex orthodontic and restorative therapies.
Open-source and social media intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The information revolution entails a massive increase in available open-source material. The transformation of OSINT is amplified by the advent of the new field of social media intelligence, SOCMINT. This paradigm shift of information opens up a range of opportunities for intelligence analysis. However, it also necessitates a methodological shift from the traditional intelligence issues of dealing with information scarcity, to one of saliently performing intelligence analysis under conditions of information excess. For this purpose, there is a continuous development of software tools to help harness the information flows in ways that can best complement and augment the skills of the analyst - whose methodological and cultural skills will still be at the heart of the intelligence analysis process.
Erratum: A New Call for Abolishing the NRC

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the photograph on page 626 accompanying the article "A new call for abolishing the NRC" (News and Comment, 8 Feb., p. 624), the official shown with Mitchell Rogovin was Lee V. Gossick, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's executive director for operations, not John F. Ahearne, the commission chairman.
BMT results in reduced RGCL oxidative stress in aged wt and APP<i>swe</i>-PS1ΔE9 mice.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p><b>A:</b> Immunofluorescence stains for 8-OHdG (red), an indicator of oxidative stress, are shown in representative retinal cross-sections from age-matched wt (left column) or APP<i>swe</i>-PS1ΔE9 (right column) mice that received no BMT transplant (top row) or BMT (bottom row). 8-OHdG immunofluorescence is primarily detected in RGCL neurons in non-transplanted wt and APP<i>swe</i>-PS1ΔE9 mice in a diffuse, perikaryal pattern. However, only focal, punctate immunostaining was observed in retinas from wt and APP<i>swe</i>-PS1ΔE9 mice that received BMT. Arrows indicate regions highlighted in insets. Scale bar = 20 μm. <b>B:</b> Quantification of 8-OHdG immunofluorescence relative intensity in RGCL neurons confirmed a significant reduction in 8-OHdG immunostaining in wt and APP<i>swe</i>-PS1ΔE9 mice that received BMT compared with non-transplanted controls, respectively. ***<i>P</i><0.001, n = 6–10, two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni <i>post</i> test.</p>
Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies a Functional Guild and Metabolite Cluster Mediating the Relationship between Mucosal Inflammation and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Ulcerative Colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diet influences the pathogenesis and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Mediterranean diet (MD) is linked to reductions in inflammatory biomarkers and alterations in microbial taxa and metabolites associated with health. We aimed to identify features of the gut microbiome that mediate the relationship between the MD and fecal calprotectin (FCP) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify modules of co-abundant microbial taxa and metabolites correlated with the MD and FCP. The features considered were gut microbial taxa, serum metabolites, dietary components, short-chain fatty acid and bile acid profiles in participants that experienced an increase (n = 13) or decrease in FCP (n = 16) over eight weeks. WGCNA revealed ten modules containing sixteen key features that acted as key mediators between the MD and FCP. Three taxa (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Dorea longicatena, Roseburia inulinivorans) and a cluster of four metabolites (benzyl alcohol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 3-4-hydroxyphenylacetate and phenylacetate) demonstrated a strong mediating effect (ACME: −1.23, p = 0.004). This study identified a novel association between diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of how a MD may influence IBD. See clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04474561).
Educating Farmers, Physicians Who Treat Them, About Rural Life's Potential Health Hazards

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

MOVES ARE AFOOT to make farm life more safe through legislation to regulate equipment, pesticides, and fertilizers and provide training in agricultural safety and health. This would be coordinated by a proposed new center within the Public Health Service. It started with conferences in Iowa City and Des Moines that resulted in formation of a National Coalition for Agricultural Safety and Health. This effort moved to Washington, DC, where coalition leaders briefed congressmen and their staffs, including Senator Tom Harkin (D, Iowa) and Representative Tom Tauke (R, Iowa). Tauke, in a joint statement with Representative Mike Synar (D, Okla), promised there would be congressional efforts to address the health care needs of rural Americans. The coalition says that every year 1600 farmers and agricultural workers are killed in accidents and an additional 170 000 are injured or become seriously ill—half of them permanently. In addition, it says, 300 children die
Georg Cavallar, Kant’s Embedded Cosmopolitanism: History, Philosophy, and Education for World CitizensBerlin: de Gruyter (Kantstudien-Ergänzungshefte 183), 2015 Pp. x + 215 ISBN 9783110438499 (hbk) $140.00

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Georg Cavallar, Kant's Embedded Cosmopolitanism: History, Philosophy, and Education for World CitizensBerlin: de Gruyter (Kantstudien-Ergänzungshefte 183), 2015 Pp. x + 215 ISBN 9783110438499 (hbk) $140.00 - Volume 21 Issue 2
Maths complements for Computational Mechanics a ATENEA Labs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Els estudiants que ingressen als masters en angles de la UPC provinents d’altres paisos sovint tenen carencies en coneixements basics de matematiques que s’imparteixen al primer cicle (Bachelor). El nostre projecte consisteix en crear una eina interactiva i s'ha concebut com una font de consulta per facilitar a aquests estudiants recordar o apendre aquests conceptes basics. S'han creat moduls tematics on es defineixen conceptes de matematiques utils pels estudiants de diferents masters i s'han creat exercicis interactius d'autoaprenentatge.
The liquidity crisis of German open-end real estate funds and their impact on optimal asset allocation in retirement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In course of the recent turmoil in the financial markets, several open-end real estate funds froze redemption of their units, resulting in unanticipated and unprecedented liquidity and performance shocks for investors. Against this background, we analyze the long- and short-term risk and return profiles of open-end real estate funds and their role in efficient multi-asset retirement portfolios. To this end, we introduce the Retirement Efficient Frontier, describing those investment strategies that minimize the lifetime probability of ruin for specific levels of periodic withdrawals from a given retirement wealth. We find that for low to moderate periodic withdrawals, efficient portfolios consist of up to 85% real estate fund investments in case fund units are continuously redeemable. Moreover we show that even if there is a monthly probability of 2.5% that redemption of fund units is temporarily suspended, the allocation into real estate funds in risk-efficient portfolios is only slightly affected. Yet, if funds additionally face a high risk of having to depreciate their property portfolio during a liquidity crisis, their share in efficient retirement portfolios is reduced significantly.
Memory and Social Imagination

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Milan Kundera writes somewhere: "The struggle of man against power is the struggle of memory against forgetting."1 These are powerful words, words worth remembering in our time of rapid globalization—a time when, attracted by the lure of technocracy and technopolis, humankind seems ready to plunge into global historical amnesia. Kundera stresses memory or memory-work—not in order to foster nostalgia, but to retrieve resources of empowerment and social imagination, resources enabling humans, especially the oppressed and marginalized, to "struggle against power." Kundera's words find an echo in the work of Herbert Marcuse who, in Eros and Civilization, wrote that "the restoration of remembrance to its rights, as a vehicle of liberation, is one of the noblest tasks of thought." As in the case of Kundera, remembrance for Marcuse was not equivalent to nostalgic escapism; partly under the influence of Freudian teachings he argued that, through memory-work, the "forbidden images and impulses of childhood begin to tell the truth that reason denies." With specific reference to Marcel Proust he added that, in opposition to a narrow empiricism, "the orientation to the past tends toward an orientation to the future: the recherche du temps perdu becomes the vehicle of future liberation."2 KeywordsSemantic FieldProductive ImaginationSocial ImaginationNobel Peace PrizeDeath SquadThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
PVC failure modelling through experimental and digital image correlation measurements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyses industrial PVC sheets structural integrity assessment widely used for different ranges of industrial applications. We investigated combined approaches focused on fracture toughness assessment to predict PVC mechanical behavior against failure. We ran a series of tests on tensile and single-edge notched samples at various crosshead speeds on a tensile test machine. PVC sheets' stress intensity factors were evaluated using both theoretical and experimental approaches to model crack growth. In the experimental procedure, we used the digital image correlation (DIC) method. We also developed a semi-empirical model to predict crack length over time. Furthermore, we proposed that the crack growth rate and stress intensity factor were satisfactorily correlated at all crosshead speeds and that the crack growth rate could be represented using a power-law model. In pre-cracked PVC specimens, the results showed that crack growth appears to be influenced by crosshead speed.
Analgesia with remifentanil versus anesthesia with propofol-alfentanil for transvaginal oocyte retrieval: a randomized trial on their impact on in vitro fertilization outcome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analgesia with remifentanil compared with anesthesia with propofol and alfentanil, provided equally effective and safe anesthesia during ultrasound transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
A Study in Early Māturīdite Theology: Abū l-Yusr al-Bazdawī (d. 493/1100) and His Discourse on God’s Speech

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Abū l-Yusr al-Bazdawī (d. 493/1100) was a notable early Māturīdite theologian who made an important contribution to the formation of his school by embracing kalām and promoting the image of al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944) as a Sunnite leader when the science was not yet popular in his region of Transoxania. This produced some tension in his thought as he negotiated rationalist and traditionalist doctrines and their adherents. Indications of this are found in his discussion of God’s speech in which he argues for the Sunnite doctrine of eternal divine speech while effectively affirming the createdness of scriptures; at the same time, he defends those who assert the uncreatedness of the Quran and maintains that God’s speech is truly written, memorized, recited, and heard.
KMC planar transistors in microwatt logic circuitry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY silicon planar transistors currently under development make them ideally suited for use in very low current logic, These devices are characterized by an fmax of greater than 1 kMc and an fr of approximately 800 Mc. The collector capacitance, excluding the capacitance of the header, is approximately 0.6 pf
Implementation of Cyclical Processes in the Moisture Electricity Generation for Continuous Operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of a study on the generation of electricity using porous Ca 6 H 2 O 19 Si 6 structures as an example during moisture adsorption. It has been determined that the potential difference at the contacts of a single‐layer structure of compacted Ca 6 H 2 O 19 Si 6 particles depends on the time of formation of the potential‐determining and diffusion layers and processes that destroy the diffusion layer or prevent its formation can increase the efficiency of moisture electric generator. The concept for creating the moisture electric generators based on multilayer structures, which may allow the use of such structures as moisture electric generators for continuous operation under constant external conditions, has been proposed.
Alcohol dehydrogenase activity and electron transport in living yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. The excretion of H+ ions, with practically equivalent uptake of K+ ions (from 0·1m-potassium chloride), occurs during the aerobic oxidation of ethanol. 2. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid formed at the same time are quantitatively equal to the amount of ethanol oxidized. 3. A slow uptake of K+ ions occurs during the oxidation of acetaldehyde and a more rapid uptake during the oxidation of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 4. The anaerobic reduction of methylene blue is studied, and the inhibitory effect of K+ and other inorganic cations on the system demonstrated. 5. The cation requirement for equal inhibitory effect is parallel with the reciprocals of the transport affinities for the ‘physiological K-carrier’ (as taken from Conway & Duggan, 1958). 6. The cation inhibition of methylene blue reduction is reversed by treatment of the yeast with Teepol or by freezing-and-thawing. 7. Azide is shown to inhibit the reduction of methylene blue with intact cells. The inhibition is partially reversed by Teepol treatment and completely by freezing-and-thawing.