jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Some Unpublished Accounts of the Martyrdom of Blessed Thomas Bullaker O.S.F. of Chichester in 1642

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THOMAS Bullaker is one of the eighty-five martyrs who were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 22 November 1987. His biography necessarily involves an exercise in textual criticism. The most important sources for his life are two, more or less contemporary, accounts: the Certamen Seraphicum, written by his fellow Fransciscan Richard Mason, and published in 1649; and the Histoire de la Persecution presente des Catholiques en Angleterre of Le Sieur de Marsys, published in 1646. When Richard Mason wrote his account he had access to some writings of the martyr himself, which were kept in the archives of St. Bonaventure's at Douai, and were lost at the time of the French Revolution. His description of Bullaker's trials is largely based on the martyr's first hand testimony. De Marsys, a servant of the French Ambassador, who collected papers concerning sixteen of the martyrs, claimed to have been present at Bullaker's final trial and execution. A copy of a pamphlet entitled An Exact Relation of the Apprehension, Examination, Execution and Confession of Thomas Bullaker, 1642, which was sold in London on the day of Bullaker's execution, has survived among the Thomason Tracts in the British Library.
Coordinated measurements of ELF transmission anomalies and the precipitation of energetic particles into the ionosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Stimulated by previous findings of a positive qualitative correlation between anomalous ELF signal levels and the occurrence of significant fluxes of precipitating energetic particles, coordinated exercises were conducted between satellite measurements of the precipitating particles and ELF transmissions between the US Navy Wisconsin Test Facility and receiving stations in Maryland, Greenland, Norway, and Italy. Significant fluxes of precipitating electrons were often measured with the Lockheed pay load on the polar‐orbiting satellite 1972–076B. In March‐April 1976 the received signal strengths were found generally to increase during periods when the geomagnetic K indices were higher and when the fluxes of precipitating electrons >160 keV were greater on the average. During other coordinated exercises in March‐April 1975 the general correlations were less evident. Based on the fluxes, energy spectra, and pitch‐angle distributions of the particles, ion‐pair production profiles have been calculated and electron density profiles subsequently obtained with application of known effective electron loss rates. From the coordinated data, correlative studies between signal strengths and electron density profiles have been performed with use of an ELF waveguide mode computer program developed at the Naval Ocean Systems Center. The propagation path to each station of interest is segmented into different regions with an averaging perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the waveguide parameters. With the inclusion of data from several stations, the transmission signal strengths could be studied simultaneously under a variety of ionospheric conditions. The waveguide computer program calculations indicated that energetic electron precipitation events may cause a signal enhancement or degradation, depending upon where the disturbance is occurring along the path. The consistent occurrence during electron precipitation events of signal strength anomalies in either direction is supported by the coordinated satellite/ELF station measurements.
SSR genetic diversity of cold-tolerant native rice varieties in Guizhou.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Guizhou native cold-tolerant rice cultivars and rice 4 contrasts were analyzed by SSR with 16 markers ,the results showed that 16 markers produced 95 bands ,of which 70 were polymorphic ,the diversification was from 4 to 12,the average number of alleles per locus was 5.9,the percent of effective alleles and polymorphic locus were 75.8 % and 38 %,respectively .The genetic distances (GDs) were then used to construct a dendrogram by Neighbor Joining Method (NJ).The result showed that 15 rice varieties could be divided into Indica group and Japonica group, the latter were classified into three subgroups. The genetic distance in Japonica group and Indica group were 0.06-0.53 and 0.297-0.377,respectively, in addition,the genetic distance in Guizhou cold-tolerant rice varieties was 0.21-0.46, the genetic diversity was rich in Guizhou native cold-tolerant rice varieties belonging to Japonica group.Using SSR data and NJ to construct a dendrogram of those cultivars whose cold-tolerant ability were stronger during different growth period , the result indicated that the position of all cultivars was variational in the dendrogram, but the affinity was changeless.
The Properties of the Enzyme-Substrate Compounds of Lactoperoxidase1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Properties of the Enzyme-Substrate Compounds of Lactoperoxidase1Britton ChanceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4, 1577–1583Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01160a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new pyran derivative analog from the whole plant of Cirsium italicum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the present article was to analyze the phytochemical composition of EtOAc extract of Cirsium italicum (Savi) DC. and to determine the antioxidant activity of a new compound 1. The EtOAc extract of C. italicum was purified by different chromatographic methods. Compound 1 was isolated from the whole plant of C. italicum. Its structure was established on the basis of UV, IR, 1 D, 2 D NMR, and HRESI-MS methods and antioxidant activities of this compound were investigated using TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. According to the ABTS assays, the TEAC capacity of compound 1 was determined as 0.186 mmol TE/g.
Repeated hands-and-knees positioning during labour: a randomized pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Caesarean birth rates in North America continue to rise, in the absence of benefit for mothers and babies. One reason may be that hospitalized labouring women spend most of their labours in recumbent or semi-recumbent positions. Although hands-and-knees position has theoretical advantages, efforts to encourage its adoption in practice are severely hampered by the lack of compelling evidence that it is beneficial. Before a definitive, large scale trial, with spontaneous vaginal birth as the primary outcome, could be justified in terms of time, effort, and expense, several feasibility and acceptability questions had to be addressed. We aimed to enrol 60 women in a pilot study to assess feasibility and acceptability of the trial protocol, and to obtain estimates of treatment effects on method of birth and persistent back pain.
Reduced-order modeling of two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard flow by hybrid quantum-classical reservoir computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Two hybrid quantum-classical reservoir computing models are presented to reproduce the low-order statistical properties of a two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection flow at a Rayleigh number Ra=105 and Prandtl number Pr=10. These properties comprise the mean vertical profiles of the root mean square velocity and temperature and the turbulent convective heat flux. The latter is composed of vertical velocity and temperature and measures the global turbulent heat transfer across the convection layer; it manifests locally in coherent hot and cold thermal plumes that rise from the bottom and fall from the top boundaries. Both quantum algorithms differ by the arrangement of the circuit layers of the quantum reservoir, in particular the entanglement layers. The second of the two quantum circuit architectures, denoted H2, enables a complete execution of the reservoir update inside the quantum circuit without the usage of external memory. Their performance is compared with that of a classical reservoir computing model. Therefore, all three models have to learn the nonlinear and chaotic dynamics of the turbulent flow at hand in a lower-dimensional latent data space which is spanned by the time-dependent expansion coefficients of the 16 most energetic proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes. These training data are generated by a POD snapshot analysis from direct numerical simulations of the original turbulent flow. All reservoir computing models are operated in the reconstruction or open-loop mode, i.e., they receive three POD modes as an input at each step and reconstruct the 13 missing modes. We analyze different measures of the reconstruction error in dependence on the hyperparameters which are specific for the quantum cases or shared with the classical counterpart, such as the reservoir size and the leaking rate. We show that both quantum algorithms are able to reconstruct the essential statistical properties of the turbulent convection flow successfully with similar performance compared with the classical reservoir network. Most importantly, the quantum reservoirs are by a factor of four to eight smaller in comparison with the classical case.
CuII -katalysierte Kupplung von Cyclopropyl-carbenoiden

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Contrary to the reaction of 'Hückel anions' like cyclopentadienide or cyclononatetraenide, treatment of 1-bromo-1-lithio-carbenoids 2 with 1 mol-equiv. of CuCl2 in THF does not result in an oxidative coupling 2 ? 8 (see Scheme 2), but in a formal dimerization of two carbenes to give bi(cyclopropylidenes) 10. Reaction parameters influencing the yields are discussed in the case 2a ? 10a (R=PhS). Yields of ca. 40% of 10a are obtained under 'kinetic control' at high concentrations of 2a and in THF/Et2O mixtures. Besides CuCl2, which is catalytically active, FeCl3 has been found to be a coupling agent as well, while AgBF4, AgCl, CoF3, and CuCl were inactive in THF. Mixed couplings of two different carbenoids are possible, while diastereoselectivity of the active transition metal complex seems to be low. First experimental results obtained with 2b (R=BuO) and 2c (R=PhCH2) hint at a considerable scope of the sequence 2 ? 10.
Adda B. Bozeman, Conflict in Africa: Concepts and Realities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adda Bozeman's* Conflict in Africa is an attempt to account for the difference between conflict 1iitlie West and in Africa on the basis of culture.Cultural explanations of politics, however , have always been problematic, and her work •is no exception.Bozeman's use of cultural variables such as norms, beliefs and values presEntS all the traditional problems associated with a cultural analysis of politics.These problems include such issues as whether or not there is any utility to be gained by a cultural explanation, bow one can prove the existence of cultural norms and values, in what way can the cultural variables be connected to political behavior, and how one can demonstrate the persistence of these cultural norms .Aside from the problems typical of most cultural analyses, Bozeman ' s work faces an additional difficulty; both her conclusions and the style in which she presents them strike one as insulting to the African culture she studies.
THE CENTRAL AUSTRALIAN BASINS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Amadeus and Ngalia Basins are two of several intracratonic basins situated in the central region of the Australian Continent and underlain by Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks. In the Amadeus Basin, the preserved sedimentary section has been deformed by several orogenic events through geological history, with salt tectonics playing an important role in the structural evolution. The Ordovician System is the primary exploration objective. The Cambrian and Proterozoic sequences, which also carry rock strata having source, reservoir and sealing properties, are secondary targets. However, these latter units are sparsely explored, and only limited information is available on their petroleum prospectiveness. Three of the four petroleum accumulations found to date are in Ordovician sandstones, with the fourth accumulation contained in Cambrian sandstones. The initial drilling phase in the Amadeus Basin in the early 1960s was concentrated on geologically defined surface antic :nes, with seismic surveying becoming the principal technique employed in subsequent exploration phases. The ongoing work has demonstrated a major untested structural play associated with a regional thrust fault system — in particular, combination dip and fault closures developed on the underthrust blocks. Stratigraphic prospects also are present in the Amadeus Basin, but none of these yet has been drilled. The Ngalia Basin is similar stratigraphically and structurally to the Amadeus Basin and is considered prospective for oil and gas. Much less work has been done in the Ngalia than in the Amadeus, with only one well drilled in the entire basin. The well yielded a gas snow from a Proterozoic formation, and other direct hydrocarbon indications have been recorded elsewhere in the basin. Rock units having source, reservoir and sealing parameters are present, as are structures capable of forming traps. Again, these are associated largely with a complex regional thrust fault system.
Virtual test as a complement tool of the actual ROPS testing on agricultural tractors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) is a key safety feature in agricultural and forestry tractors in order to minimize risks to the driver in case of rollover during normal use. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in an effort to improve operator's safety in Agricultural and Forestry Tractors has set up harmonized testing procedures for ROPS systems. The current OECD Codes for tractors relate to several features of performance. \nOECD Code 7 is related to the strength of ROPS fitted on narrow-track tractors. On the one hand, Code 7 foresees a sequence of loadings that the protection system has to withstand until the prescribed energy or force is satisfied. In addition to successfully resist the loading sequence, the ROPS has to guarantee a clearance zone during the complete loading sequence. Nowadays tractor manufacturers often adopt numerical simulations for ROPS designing so as to foresee in advance the strength behaviour of the protective structure with respect to the standardized ROPS tests requirements. As a matter of fact, ROPS simulations turned out to be very useful to understand the behaviour of the protection system subjected to complex loading and get valuable insights into performance. A new approach in ROPS test standardization is evaluating the potentiality of virtual tests as a complement of the official actual tests in defined ROPS testing conditions. A numerical simulation with LS-DYNA® were carried out to virtually assess the performance of a ROPS system designed by the BCS manufacturer for a narrow-track tractor. Then the ROPS was officially tested according to the OECD Code 7 loading sequence. A comparison between the results of virtual and actual tests was performed. The main goal of the simulations was to virtually test the tractor according to the Code 7 prior to official test approval and, if necessary, introduce structural changes in order to successfully pass the ROPS strength tests. The use of numerical simulation accompanied by a robust methodology could ensure a high reliability of the virtual prediction with respect to the normalized tests.
Germination and early development ofBrassica napusandBrachypodium distachyongrowth with Zn, Cr (VI), As (V) or Cd: Preliminary results

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytoremediation could reduce heavy metal bioavailability in soils and obtain renewable energy from lands useless. Some fast-growing, high biomass crop species are known to display a significant heavy metal tolerance, particularly those from the genus Brassica. These species could be phytoremediator candidates for recuperate polluted soils with heavy metals. Brachypodium distachyon has also been recently proposed as a model species to develop bioenergy. However, there are no experiments about the tolerance of this plant to metals. The present work reports data concerning the ability of Brachypodium distachyon and Brassica napus seeds to germinate and grow in media containing different doses of Cd, Cr, As and Zn, in order to evaluate their use as energy crops in polluted sites. Biomass reduction and length decreasing were observed as consequence on increasing metal doses in both species, but the effect was different attending to metal and species. The maximum toxicity level was found in plants treated with Cr (VI). Exposures of 30 mg L−1 of Cd and As (V) reduced the shoot elongation by 50% in both species, while root was affected by lower doses than 30 mg L−1. Concentrations of Zn affected neither length, nor biomass of B. distachyon, but shoot and root elongation of B. napus were reduced from the lowest dose of Zn.
The cytoskeletal adapter protein 4.1G organizes the internodes in peripheral myelinated nerves

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Myelinating Schwann cells regulate the localization of ion channels on the surface of the axons they ensheath. This function depends on adhesion complexes that are positioned at specific membrane domains along the myelin unit. Here we show that the precise localization of internodal proteins depends on the expression of the cytoskeletal adapter protein 4.1G in Schwann cells. Deletion of 4.1G in mice resulted in aberrant distribution of both glial adhesion molecules and axonal proteins that were present along the internodes. In wild-type nerves, juxtaparanodal proteins (i.e., Kv1 channels, Caspr2, and TAG-1) were concentrated throughout the internodes in a double strand that flanked paranodal junction components (i.e., Caspr, contactin, and NF155), and apposes the inner mesaxon of the myelin sheath. In contrast, in 4.1G−/− mice, these proteins “piled up” at the juxtaparanodal region or aggregated along the internodes. These findings suggest that protein 4.1G contributes to the organization of the internodal axolemma by targeting and/or maintaining glial transmembrane proteins along the axoglial interface.
Alaska Volcano Observatory geochemical database

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Alaska Volcano Observatory's geochemical database contains published whole-rock data for Quaternary volcanic rocks in Alaska, linked to geologist, publication, source volcano (where possible), and other sample and analysis metadata. This database also contains water cation and anion data for recent AVO studies. This website allows users to query the database and return datasets as fully-documented .html or .csv tables. It is our intention to update this dataset as new volcano-related geochemical data is published.
Nano-Clustering in Water-Lean Solvents Establishes Novel CO2 Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage is a key yet cost-intensive technology for the fight against climate change. In a combined experimental and modeling study of single-component water-lean solvent, we found that CO2 capture is accompanied by the self-assembly of reverse micelle-like tetrameric clusters in solution. This spontaneous aggregation leads to stepwise cooperative capture phenomena with highly contrasting kinetic and thermodynamic features. The emergence of well-defined supramolecular architectures displaying a H-bonded internal core, reminiscent of enzymatic active sites, enables the formation of unprecedented CO2-containing molecular species such as carbamic acid, carbamic-anhydride, and alkoxy carbamic anhydrides. This dynamic combinatorial system based on a single absorbent and CO2 extends the scope of adducts and mechanisms observed during carbon capture. It opens the way to new materials with a higher CO2 storage capacity as well as provides a means for carbamates to potentially act as initiators for future oligomerization or polymerization of CO2.
The Social Dynamics of Village Communities: A Case Study on the Implementation of Improved Access to Clean Water in Wargasaluyu Village

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Wargasaluyu Village, located in Gununghalu District, West Bandung Regency, has historically faced limited access to clean water. In mid-2023, a group of students participating in the Perguruan Tinggi Mandiri Membangun Desa (PTM2D) program initiated a project to improve clean water access for the Wargasaluyu village community. This research examines the short-term outcomes of implementing improved clean water access on the social dynamics of the Wargasaluyu Village community. The study aims to identify the social dynamics that have emerged in the Wargasaluyu Village community as a short-term outcome of this implementation. The analytical methods employed were triangulation and descriptive-analytical approaches. Results indicate that the quality, quantity, and continuity of clean water underwent significant improvements, becoming feasible and safe, and subsequently effecting changes in the community's social dynamics. Significant direct changes experienced by the community include shifts in mindset and participation, increased spirit of cooperation, enhanced community organization, and improved utilization of social infrastructure through mutual care, thereby facilitating the implementation of improved welfare levels. These direct changes contribute to indirect changes, namely alterations in employment, income levels, community welfare, and village independence. The social dynamics occurring in the Wargasaluyu Village community affect not only social aspects but also will give impact educational, health, economic, cultural, and environmental dimensions. This research provides insights not only for more effective improvements in clean water access but also for holistic village water management that addresses community needs and aspirations, aiming to achieve sustainable and inclusive rural development in Wargasaluyu Village.