jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Data from Somatic Mutations Enriched in <i>Cis</i>-Regulatory Elements Affect Genes Involved in Embryonic Development and Immune System Response in Neuroblastoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Somatic Mutations Enriched in <i>Cis</i>-Regulatory Elements Affect Genes Involved in Embryonic Development and Immune System Response in Neuroblastoma
Source tracking of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the fresh vegetable production system of South India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Numerous outbreaks of foodborne diseases through fresh agricultural produce urge research to assess the source of entry of pathogens to the produce that compromise microbiological safety. In the present investigation, the entry of shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a fresh vegetable production system was assessed by microbiological and molecular approaches. Five major vegetables, viz., beetroot, cabbage, carrot, onion, parsley, and potato, being cultivated routinely in the Western Guats of South India (The Nilgiris), were assessed for the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. The fresh produce, rhizosphere soil, and water resources were sampled and the total coliforms and E. coli counts were assessed by plate count method and the O157:H7 by polymerase chain reaction targeting shiga-like toxin gene (stx1). The results revealed that all the vegetables collected from the fields had high levels of total coliforms (3 log CFU per g) with high proportions of E. coli (1–2 log CFU per g). The prevalence of O157:H7 among the E. coli isolates in these vegetables ranged from 0 to 5.8%. However, the prevalence of O157:H7 in rhizosphere soil of these vegetables was relatively high (1.6 to 42.5%). The water used for irrigation and washing the produce (carrot) also showed the presence of O157:H7. The real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)–based detection of stx1 revealed that the O157:H7 prevalence in these vegetables and their rhizosphere soil were in higher magnitude than the counts by culturable method. The rhizosphere soil and water samples had higher O157:H7 CFU equivalents than fresh produce. It is evident that the soil as well as the irrigation and process water got contaminated with feces, which are assumed to be the primary source and cause for the entry of O157:H7 to the fresh vegetable. Hence, good agronomical practices and good hygiene post-harvest practices have to be imposed in the vegetable production system to avoid the pathogen entry.
Risk Analysis in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) by Using FMEA and FTA Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

International Labour Organization reports that around 2, 3 million workers have died annually. It shows the high rate of work accidents that encourages a company to put more concerns on workers' safety. PT XYZ implements occupational safety and health (OSH) at all lines of the production process, particularly in the packing division. Yet, there are still plenty of work accidents are identified, such as dehydration, muscle injury, feet run over by bar hanger, and other risks that potentially could cause injuries or even deaths. This study aims to analyze the risk of OSH in the packing division. The researchers use job safety analysis (JSA) as a method to collect data by recording the work activities and the potencies of work accidents risks. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is employed to identify failure mode to work accident risks as well as their effects, then the fault tree analysis (FTA) method is utilized as an analysis method for improvement based on the value of the highest risk priority number (RPN). From the result of JSA methods, it is filtered 27 work accident risks for RPN calculation. Later, it can be concluded that the risk of "feet run over by bar hanger" is determined with the highest RPN value of 48. Based on the result of the FTA analysis, the top event, which is feet run over by the bar hanger includes 9 basic events that will be considered as a basis of the improvement recommendation for the company.
Prediction of operating parameters range for ammonia removal unit in coke making by-products

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Coke oven gas treatment plants are well equipped with distributed control systems (DCS) and therefore recording the vast amount of operational data efficiently. Analyzing the stored information manually from historians is practically impossible. In this study, data mining technique was examined for lowering the ammonia concentration in clean coke oven gas. Results confirm that concentration of ammonia in clean coke oven gas depends on the average PCDC temperature; gas scrubber temperatures stripped liquor flow, stripped liquor concentration and stripped liquor temperature. The optimum operating ranges of the above dependent parameters using data mining technique for lowering the concentration of ammonia is described in this paper.
Flathead Sole (Hippoglossoides) in the North Pacific

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Morphometric and electrophoretic examinations were made of 314 specimens comprising 16 samples of flathead sole (Hippoglossoides) from various locations in the North Pacific. On the basis of muscle and hemoglobin analysis no distinction could be made among samples from different locations. However, with the aid of discriminant function analyses on the morphometrics three groups were distinguishable which can be equated to H. elassodon (Jordon and Gilbert), H. robustus (Gill and Townsend), and H. dubius (Schmidt).
Human Neutrophil Peptide 1- 3 and Vitamin D levels in periodontitis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) contribute to oral health by playing a role in innate response against oral diseases, owing to their antimicrobial, antiplaque and immunomodulatory activity. Vitamin D may reduce the risk of infection through multiple mechanisms and boosts innate immunity by modulating the production of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine response. This study was performed to evaluate the level of human HNP1-3 in periodontitis patients and controls and to study the effect of vitamin D on the levels of peptides in periodontitis. Eighty-five subjects were enrolled in this observational case-control study aged 20-59 years. The subjects were divided into fifty patients with periodontitis and 35 healthy controls. Periodontal parameters used in this study were plaque index, gingival index bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Blood samples were collected from all subjects, and then ELISA was done to estimate the levels of HNP1-3 and vitamin D in patients and controls. The finding revealed a significant increase (P˂0.01) in the mean level of HNP1-3 among the patient's group compared to the control group. Moreover, there is no significant correlation with all parameters except the gingival index, which has a considerable result (r=0.367, p=0.009). On the other hand, this study showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the mean level of vitamin D in patients compared to controls, and also that there was no significant decrease in the serum level of HNP1-3 among vitamin D insufficient group in comparison to vitamin D sufficient group. These results indicated that the increased levels of HNP1-3 and its correlation with GI provide evidence for the critical role of neutrophils in the inflammatory process in periodontitis and vitamin D, which plays a role in antimicrobial peptide production. Keywords: periodontitis, antimicrobial peptides, human neutrophils peptides
Roles of dental pulp fibroblasts in the recognition of bacterium-related factors and subsequent development of pulpitis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

As caries-related bacteria invade deeply into dentin and come into close proximity to the pulp, inflammatory cells (such as lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils) infiltrate into the bacterium-invaded area and consequently pulpitis develops. Many types of cytokines and adhesion molecules are responsible for the initiation and progression of pulpitis. Dental pulp fibroblasts, a major cell type in the dental pulp, also have capacity to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and express adhesion molecules in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide. The innate immune system senses microbial infection using pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD), for PAMPs. In this review, we summarize the roles of dental pulp fibroblasts in the recognition of invaded bacterium-related factors via TLR and NOD pathways, and the subsequent pulpal immune responses, leading to progressive pulpitis.
[Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in blood and tissues of rats with different resistance to hypoxia].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The main components of antioxidant enzyme system (AOS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) catalyses the conversion of the superoxide anion. The important role in AOS belongs to catalase and glutathione peroxidase which perform H2O2 to nontoxic products. Simultaneous determination of AOS activity and malonic dialdehide (MDA) concentration (the index of lipid peroxidation in tissues and blood) characterize cells complex resistance to damage factor. The effect of L-arginine, as a precursor of nitric oxide synthesis and blocator NO-synthase (Nw-nitro-L-arginine) on AOS of rats with different resistance to hypoxia under stress condition is unknown and were subject of our investigation. Experiments were done on liver and blood tissues of white laboratory rats. The experimental animals were divided on two groups depending on hypoxia factor: high resistance (HR) and low resistance (LR). The type of resistance was determined by the time of ability to respire in barocamera with oxygen deficient equal to 12.000 meters over sea level. The animals adaptation to laboratory conditions continue during 14 days after in barocamera presence. All animals were divided dependent on experiment conditions on fourth groups. The first group: intact (HR and LR) animals parentherally injected by 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. The second group was subject of stress condition. The third group: HR and LR animals injected parentherally by 1 ml L-arginine (Sigma, USA) dose (600 mg/kg body weight). The fourth one: rats injected by 1 ml Nw-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, Sigma, USA)--the blocator of NO-synthase. The animals were decapitated 30 min after injection and stress condition under ethereal anesthesia. Activity of antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT); glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP) were measured spectrophotometrically. Also was investigated the concentration of serum antioxidant ceruloplasmin (CP). Level of lipid peroxidation was estimate by examination of concentration of lipids of hydroperoxides (LHP) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA). Our data confirm suggesting that nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator in the AOS enzymes activity and limit damage influence of AOF. Action precursor NO L-arginine might be capable of protective role in various disorders which are connected with hypoxia factor. Following thing can be interred the investigation of influence of nitric oxide adaptive answers in stress condition modelling of pathological processes in rats with different resistance to hypoxia and reflect the biological qualities data stady on AOZ and LP.
Organelle Size and Number in Fertile and T-Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Corn

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anthers of inbred F44 fertile (N) and cytoplasmic male-sterile (T) corn plants (Zea mays L.) were compared cytologically. No differences between fertile and sterile anthers were observed in size and number of mitochondria or plastids until after the start of anther degeneration. A rapid division of mitochondria was observed, however, in the tapetum and sporogenous cells of both fertile and sterile anthers during early growth stages. This rapid increase in mitochondrial numbers per cell (some 20-to 40-fold) preceded tapetal breakdown in sterile anthers and did not occur in other anther cells or in plastids. Limited observations on the megagametophyte and nucellus revealed that mitochondria in ovules remain relatively constant in size and number during gametogenesis and do not undergo degeneration.
In quest of sustainable politics and economics of natural resources: a summary of contributions and future research directions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ongoing processes of socio-economic change, driven by global and regional commitments such as the Paris Agreement, the European Green Deal, the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) give a fresh impetus to debates on the sustainable management of natural resources. The Handbook of Sustainable Politics and Economics of Natural Resources results from the realisation that we need to learn from the past but also to have a clear understanding of the developments ahead, so as to better prepare a set of policies and economic tools for natural resources that can support sustainable development and resilient growth, economically, socially and environmentally. This chapter provides a summary review of the contributions to the Handbook. The chapter concludes with some points for policy and future research considerations.
Pit initiation in quenching and partitioning processed martensitic stainless steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present article investigates the influence of chemical composition and phase fractions on the corrosion behaviour of industrially produced quenching and partitioning (Q&P) martensitic stainless steels. Localised corrosion was analysed by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. SKPFM revealed a Volta-potential difference of around 40 mV between inclusions and the matrix, which is larger than the Volta potential variations within the matrix. This difference in surface potential is a driving force for selective dissolution (corrosion initiation) at inclusions and inclusion/matrix interfaces. SECM detected early pitting initiation, particularly in alloys containing MnS and TiN inclusions. Results suggest that pitting initiation and propagation occur at those specific regions. This study emphasised that irrespective of chemical composition and phase fraction, localised corrosion initiation in Q&P-processed martensitic stainless steels is predominantly governed by the presence of inclusions.
The Effect of Internal Control Effectiveness, Accountability, and Transparency on Corporate Financial Reporting Quality: The Moderating Role of Human Resource Competence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of internal control effectiveness, accountability, and transparency on the quality of corporate financial reporting, with human resource competence as a moderating variable at PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. The research employs a quantitative descriptive method. The study population consists of 90 individuals, including directors, internal control systems, audit committee members, corporate secretariat, and the finance division, determined using a saturated sampling technique. Primary data were collected through questionnaires utilizing a Likert scale, and the data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings indicate that internal control effectiveness, accountability, and transparency have a positive and significant effect on the quality of corporate financial reporting. However, the moderation test results show that human resource competence is only able to moderate the relationship between internal control effectiveness and accountability on financial reporting quality. In contrast, for transparency, the moderation test demonstrates no significant effect, as it does not strengthen the relationship between transparency and financial reporting quality. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights for PT Pelindo Multi Terminal in achieving high-quality financial reporting.
From Organizational Learning to the Learning Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article reviews theories of organizational learning and presents a framework with which to organize the literature. We argue that unit of analysis provides one critical distinction in the organizational learning literature and research objective provides another. The resulting two-by-two matrix contains four categories of research, which we have called: (1) residues (organizations as residues of past learning); (2) communities (organizations as collections of individuals who can learn and develop); (3) participation (organizational improvement gained through intelligent activity of individual members), and (4) accountability (organizational improvement gained through developing individuals' mental models). We also propose a distinction between the terms organizational learning and the learning organization. Our subsequent analysis identifies relationships between disparate parts of the literature and shows that these relationships point to individual mental models as a critical source of leverage for creating learning organizations. A brief discussion of the work of two of the most visible researchers in this field, Peter Senge and Chris Argyris, provides additional support for this type of change strategy.
Genomics of clinal variation in Drosophila: disentangling the interactions of selection and demography

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Clines in phenotypes and genotype frequencies across environmental gradients are commonly taken as evidence for spatially varying selection. Classical examples include the latitudinal clines in various species of Drosophila , which often occur in parallel fashion on multiple continents. Today, genomewide analysis of such clinal systems provides a fantastic opportunity for unravelling the genetics of adaptation, yet major challenges remain. A well‐known but often neglected problem is that demographic processes can also generate clinality, independent of or coincident with selection. A closely related issue is how to identify true genic targets of clinal selection. In this issue of Molecular Ecology , three studies illustrate these challenges and how they might be met. Bergland et al . report evidence suggesting that the well‐known parallel latitudinal clines in North American and Australian D. melanogaster are confounded by admixture from Africa and Europe, highlighting the importance of distinguishing demographic from adaptive clines. In a companion study, Machado et al . provide the first genomic comparison of latitudinal differentiation in D. melanogaster and its sister species D. simulans . While D. simulans is less clinal than D. melanogaster , a significant fraction of clinal genes is shared between both species, suggesting the existence of convergent adaptation to clinaly varying selection pressures. Finally, by drawing on several independent sources of evidence, Božičević et al . identify a functional network of eight clinal genes that are likely involved in cold adaptation. Together, these studies remind us that clinality does not necessarily imply selection and that separating adaptive signal from demographic noise requires great effort and care.
5 The Lexical Encoding of Idioms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter addresses the question how idioms are lexically represented, and the consequences that this has for a theory about the computational system. It argues that there is no straightforward way to use compositionality as a way to make a distinction between expressions that are idiomatic and expressions that are not idiomatic, and that only convention determines which phrases can be called an idiom.
Exploring the nature and kinetic of establishment of molecular interactions in aqueous solution: the example of polysaccharide systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, due to their natural origin, reasonable price and abundance, a variety of polysaccharides are used in industries such as the food or cosmetics for their gelling or thickening properties. Among them, it is established that some will interact together through synergies, thus inducing large increasing of viscosity or new properties such as gel forming.
Xanthan and galactomannan gum mixtures are well-known to behave this way[1–3]. For years, researcher studied, mostly at the macroscopic scale, the association mechanisms between both polymers in aqueous solutions. However, despite years of studies, there still exists a controversy about the way xanthan and galactomannane may interact. Part of this controversy may result from the large diversity of chemical structures that both gums exhibits.
In order to better understand the xanthan/galactomannan system association, we focused our study on the molecular interactions of completely characterized gums.
A few studies[4,5], mostly realized in our laboratory, have already highlighted the role of hydrophobic interactions in the synergic association of xanthan and galactomannane gums . Therefore, this might imply several mechanisms of interaction rather than a single one.
In this work, we decided to use fluorescence spectroscopy and rheology in combination in order to access both molecular and macroscopic scales and to, first, determine the natures of interactions and, secondly, to understand their role in the xanthan/galactomannan association.

[1]M. Tako, A. Asato, S. Nakamura, Agric. Biol. Chem. 1984, 48, 2995–3000.
[2]P. B. Fernandes, J. Food Eng. 1995, 24, 269–283.
[3]F. Renou, O. Petibon, C. Malhiac, M. Grisel, Food Hydrocoll. 2013, 32, 331–340.
[4]S. Secouard, M. Grisel, C. Malhiac, Food Hydrocoll. 2007, 21, 1237–1244.
[5]C. Jouquand, C. Malhiac, M. Grisel, in Dev. Food Sci., Elsevier, 2006, pp. 421–424.
Higher Education in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China’s higher education system witnessed quite a few dramatic institutional changes in recent years. The state has been making a series of attempts to increase the quantity of higher education opportunities through massive expanding of higher education’s capacity (also referred to as the massification of higher education). Meanwhile, the system experienced marketization and privatization, in which the funding for higher education institutions (HEIs) increasingly depends on the non-state sector and student payments for tuition fees. The private (minban) HEIs and Sino-foreign HEIs began to develop in China. With a strong conviction to enhance the global competitiveness of top universities, master plans for developing world-class universities and disciplines were initiated, and talent programs were adopted to attract global high-skilled talent to HEIs in China to enhance the teaching and research capability of HEIs. In recent years, HEIs have been granted larger institutional autonomy with greater accountability. Higher education in China has experienced dramatic institutional changes in recent years and has made great achievements and gained international acclaim. Given such capacity, HEIs became one of the largest systems in the world. More and more higher education opportunities have been provided for students, and an increasing number of leading scholars in the world have been attracted to HEIs in China. However, the development of higher education has encountered several challenges—in particular, unequal opportunities for higher education attainment, difficulties for college graduates in finding employment, and the unequal development of higher education among disciplines, between universities, and across regions. Critical reflections on the development of higher education in China and the notion of broadly defined educational equality are required.