jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) IN OIL & GAS AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Industrial based company plays an important role in keeping the country moving forward in this vast modern era. However , without proper planning of resources in such company may lead to bankruptcy and the country’s economical prospect will definitely be affected. The implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) will may not only stabilize a big industrial company, like Oil & gas and construction industries, but helps in every little important aspects inside the entire organization in industries such as product planning, manufacturing, marketing, human resource and many more. Furthermore, through the different stages of the product or the process life cycle, ERP is able to linked the organization to its customers and suppliers, making the dealing process between parties much more easier and convenient.
Steam System Forecasting and Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Union Carbide's Taft Plant is a typical petrochemical complex with several processes that use and produce various fuel and steam resources. The plant steam and fuel system balances vary extensively since several process units 'block operate'. This and the complex and integrated nature of the plants energy balance makes steam system forecasting and management essential for optimum use of the plant's energy. \n\nThis paper discusses the method used by Union carbide to accomplish effective forecasting and management of the plant's energy balance. The key element, an in-house designed computer forecast program, is also discussed.
Attenuation of baroreflex sensitivity after domoic acid lesion of the nucleus ambiguus of rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DmnX) innervate distinct populations of cardiac ganglionic principal neurons. This anatomic evidence suggests that these two nuclei play different roles (Cheng Z and Powley TL, Soc Neurosci Abstr 26: 1189, 2000). However, lesion of the DmnX does not attenuate baroreflex sensitivity (Cheng Z, Guo SZ, Lipton AJ, and Gozal D, J Neurosci 22: 3215–3226, 2002). The present study tested the functional role of the NA in baroreflex control of heart rate (HR). Domoic acid (DA) was injected into the left NA of Sprague-Dawley rats to lesion the NA. The neuronal loss was assessed using retrograde labeling and confocal microscopy. HR changes induced by phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside administration and after electrical stimulation of the left vagal trunk were measured at 15 days, and HR responses to left NA microinjection of l-glutamate were determined at 180 days postlesion. Compared with vehicle injections, DA lesions significantly reduced the population of NA motor neurons by ∼68% ( P < 0.01) and attenuated baroreflex sensitivity by ∼83% ( P < 0.01) at 15 days. Similarly, electrical stimulation of the vagal trunk of DA-lesioned animals led to attenuated decreases in HR responses. NA neuronal counts were reduced by ∼81% ( P < 0.01) and mean HR responses to l-glutamate injection into the lesioned NA were attenuated by ∼65% ( P < 0.01) at 180 days. Therefore, the NA plays a major role in baroreflex control of HR, and the integrity of the NA is critically important for the normal baroreflex control. In addition, NA lesions produce long-term anatomic and functional dysfunction of the nucleus, and thus it may provide an useful model for functional assessment of respective roles of the NA and DmnX.
Image_2_The Anatomical Boundary of the Rat Claustrum.TIF

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus that exhibits dense connectivity across the neocortex. Considerable recent progress has been made in establishing its genetic and anatomical characteristics, however, a core, contentious issue that regularly presents in the literature pertains to the rostral extent of its anatomical boundary. The present study addresses this issue in the rat brain. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and neuroanatomical tract tracing, we have examined the expression profiles of several genes that have previously been identified as exhibiting a differential expression profile in the claustrum relative to the surrounding cortex. The expression profiles of parvalbumin (PV), crystallin mu (Crym), and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2 (Gng2) were assessed immunohistochemically alongside, or in combination with cortical anterograde, or retrograde tracer injections. Retrograde tracer injections into various thalamic nuclei were used to further establish the rostral border of the claustrum. Expression of all three markers delineated a nuclear boundary that extended considerably (∼500 μm) beyond the anterior horn of the neostriatum. Cortical retrograde and anterograde tracer injections, respectively, revealed distributions of cortically-projecting claustral neurons and cortical efferent inputs to the claustrum that overlapped with the gene marker-derived claustrum boundary. Finally, retrograde tracer injections into the thalamus revealed insular cortico-thalamic projections encapsulating a claustral area with strongly diminished cell label, that extended rostral to the striatum.</p>
Overcoming the Necessity of a Lateral Aggregation in the Formation of Supramolecular Polymer Bottlebrushes in Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The assembly of supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes in aqueous systems is, in most cases, associated with a lateral aggregation of the supramolecular building blocks in addition to their axial stacking. Here, it is demonstrated that this limitation can be overcome by attaching three polymer chains to a central supramolecular unit that possesses a sufficiently high number of hydrogen bonding units to compensate for the increased steric strain. Therefore, a 1,3,5‐benzenetrisurea‐polyethylene oxide conjugate is modified with different peptide units located next to the urea groups which should facilitate self‐assembly in water. For a single amino acid per arm, spherical micelles are obtained for all three tested amino acids (alanine, leucine, and phenylalanine) featuring different hydrophobicities. Only a slight increase in size and solution stability of spherical micelles is observed with increasing hydrophobicity of amino acid unit. In contrast, introducing two amino acid units per arm and thus increasing the number of hydrogen bonds per unimer molecule results in the formation of cylindrical structures, that is, supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes, despite a suppressed lateral aggregation. Consequently, it can be concluded that the number of hydrogen bonds has a more profound impact on the resulting solution morphology than the hydrophobicity of the amino acid unit.
Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate in Acute Striatal Slices from Adult Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mitochondria play an important role in cellular ATP production, reactive oxygen species regulation, and Ca2+ concentration control. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. To study the role of mitochondria in models of these diseases, we can measure mitochondrial respiration via oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as a proxy for mitochondrial function. OCR has already been successfully measured in cell cultures, as well as isolated mitochondria. However, these techniques are less physiologically relevant than measuring OCR in acute brain slices. To overcome this limitation, the authors developed a new method using a Seahorse XF analyzer to directly measure the OCR in acute striatal slices from adult mice. The technique is optimized with a focus on the striatum, a brain area involved in PD and Huntington's disease. The analyzer performs a live cell assay using a 24-well plate, which allows the simultaneous kinetic measurement of 24 samples. The method uses circular-punched pieces of striatal brain slices as samples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by identifying a lower basal OCR in striatal slices of a mouse model of PD. This method will be of broad interest to researchers working in the field of PD and Huntington's disease.
Bayesian information sharing enhances detection of regulatory associations in rare cell types

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies promise to enable the study of gene regulatory associations at unprecedented resolution in diverse cellular contexts. However, identifying unique regulatory associations observed only in specific cell types or conditions remains a key challenge; this is particularly so for rare transcriptional states whose sample sizes are too small for existing gene regulatory network inference methods to be effective. Results We present ShareNet, a Bayesian framework for boosting the accuracy of cell type-specific gene regulatory networks by propagating information across related cell types via an information sharing structure that is adaptively optimized for a given single-cell dataset. The techniques we introduce can be used with a range of general network inference algorithms to enhance the output for each cell type. We demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of our approach on three benchmark scRNA-seq datasets. We find that our inferred cell type-specific networks also uncover key changes in gene associations that underpin the complex rewiring of regulatory networks across cell types, tissues and dynamic biological processes. Our work presents a path toward extracting deeper insights about cell type-specific gene regulation in the rapidly growing compendium of scRNA-seq datasets. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Availability and implementation The code for ShareNet is available at http://sharenet.csail.mit.edu and https://github.com/alexw16/sharenet.
The Epidemiologic Transition in French Guiana: Secular Trends and Setbacks, and Comparisons with Continental France and South American Countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are great variations between population subgroups, notably in poorer countries, leading to substantial inconsistencies with those predicted by the classical epidemiologic transition theory. In this context, using public data, we aimed to determine how the singular case of French Guiana fit and transitioned in the epidemiologic transition framework. The data show a gradual decline in infant mortality to values above 8 per 1000 live births. Premature mortality rates were greater but declined more rapidly in French Guiana than in mainland France until 2017 when they reascended in a context of political turmoil followed by the COVID-19 pandemic and strong reluctance to get vaccinated. Although infections were a more frequent cause of death in French Guiana, there is a marked decline and circulatory and metabolic causes are major causes of premature death. Fertility rates remain high (>3 live births per woman), and the age structure of the population is still pyramid-shaped. The singularities of French Guiana (rich country, universal health system, widespread poverty) explain why its transition does not fit neatly within the usual stages of transition. Beyond gradual improvements in secular trends, the data also suggest that political turmoil and fake news may have detrimentally affected mortality in French Guiana and reversed improving trends.
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptor-Related Ligands as Novel Analgesics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Despite similar distribution patterns and intracellular events observed in the nociceptin/ orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor and other opioid receptors, NOP receptor activation displays unique pharmacological profiles. Several researchers have identified a variety of peptide and nonpeptide ligands to determine the functional roles of NOP receptor activation and observed that NOP receptor- related ligands exhibit pain modality-dependent pain processing. Importantly, NOP receptor activation results in anti-nociception and anti-hypersensitivity at the spinal and supraspinal levels regardless of the experimental settings in non-human primates (NHPs). Given that the NOP receptor agonists synergistically enhance mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonist-induced anti-nociception, it has been hypothesized that dual NOP and MOP receptor agonists may display promising functional properties as analgesics. Accumulating evidence indicates that the mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonists demonstrate favorable functional profiles. In NHP studies, bifunctional NOP/MOP partial agonists (e.g., AT-121, BU08028, and BU10038) exerted potent anti-nociception via NOP and MOP receptor activation; however, dose-limiting adverse effects associated with the MOP receptor activation, including respiratory depression, itch sensation, physical dependence, and abuse liability, were not observed. Moreover, a mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist, cebranopadol, presented promising outcomes in clinical trials as a novel analgesic. Collectively, the dual agonistic actions on NOP and MOP receptors, with appropriate binding affinities and efficacies, may be a viable strategy to develop innovative and safe analgesics.
Changes in skin thickness and elasticity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter deals with many skin conditions that alter the texture and properties of the skin. When assessing the skin, it is important to look and feel for signs of abnormal texture (thickening, atrophy, and changes in extensibility and elasticity). This will help determine the site and depth of pathology within the skin. Textural changes of the skin arise due to alterations in the epidermis, dermis, and/or subcutaneous fat. In some conditions, dependant on the stage of the disease there may be a mixture of the above (e.g. epidermal thinning occurs in morphoea but also a dermal thickening so that the skin feels thickened and firm on palpation). Similarly, in dermatomyositis there is localized dermal thickening in the form of calcinosis but eventual atrophy of the fat layer may occur (lipoatrophy).
The visual language of cartoon eyes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Visual characters are everywhere in media, and animated characters in particular are used for entertainment, advertising, interactive experiences, gaming, and user interfaces for children and adults alike. It is intuitively understood that character designs will tend to have some similar design qualities when used for similar purposes such as the target audience of the media, but this has not been studied from the perspective and methods detailed here. The objective in this study was to confirm whether there are types of character designs predominantly used for specific purposes like target audience, and to explore further synthesis of the information gathered to increase understanding of the possible reasons for this phenomenon. The methods were to analyze an example character from most of the animated series produced in the last five years in the US market, 425 in total, using the design of the character's eyes specifically as the factor examined. First, a literature review was completed to establish psychological importance of the eye as the vector of emotion, empathy, and social connection among humans, and extend this thinking to the iconography of cartoons, connecting the eyes and cartooning both as powerful ways to engage human attention with characters. Second, the example characters' eye designs were categorized according to their shape, relative size to head, relative placement from each other, level of detail, and relative size of pupil/iris to eye as well as their intended target audience age (Preschool, Jr./ All Ages/ Adult). Third, example images of the characters were visually charted into clusters of similar qualities to explore additional ways to see the data. Fourth, professional animation designers and producers were interviewed on the subject for further insight. Fifth, critical making methods were used to create new personal work reflecting on elements of this study. The results of charting and analyzing the data did support the common understanding that certain designs tend to be associated with certain target audiences while the background on eyes added a way to discuss the resulting clusters of association with added nuance. In conclusion, the larger study including background, interviews, and critical making, supported the idea that similar eye shapes and design factors are used repeatedly for similar purposes not solely for economic or uncreative reasons, but because visual language is a collectively learned and understood language that is larger than any individual production or person.
Effects of Different Cultivation Technique on Soil Moisture,Unit Capacity Weight and Yield of Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Drought caused by limited and unevenly distributed rainfall has became a severe environmental factor affecting soybean production in Heilongjiang province in recent years.In the current research,different cultivation technique combinations,including three ridge(TR,CK),film mulching between and furrow deep loose(FMBRFDL),solid-seeding flat-planting with deep loosening and chemical control(SSFPDLCC),solid-seeding on big and furrow deep loose(SSBRFDL),solid-seeding on small ridge(SSSR),solid-seeding flat-planting(SSFP)and three ridge with chemical control(TRCC)were performed in 2010 with semi-dwarf cultivar Suinong 22 as material.Soil moisture and bulk density at different growth stage,yield components at harvest,as well as the calculated water use efficiency were determined.At seedling stage,the 0-10 cm soil moisture of FMBRFDL,SSBRFDL,SSFP,SSFPDLCC increased by 10.57%,3.17%,4.41% and 2.62%,respectively;at branching stage,the 0-50 cm soil moisture of FMBRFDL,TRCC,SSBRFDL and SSFP increased by 8.13%,3.06%,4.73% and 1.48%,respectively,compared with control.FMBRFDL and SSBRFDL had lower soil bulk density,higher water use efficiency,and significantly increased soybean yield by 0.83% and 11.96%.Results suggest that the cultivation techniques of SSBRFDL and SSFP have better application prospects in arid and semi-arid area of Heilongjiang province.
A VI for estimating electrical quantities in power systems over long time intervals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an instrument based on the virtual instrumentation (VI) technique is presented. It allows estimating the trend of electrical quantities in power systems over long observation intervals by acquiring and processing a limited amount of data. An application example dedicated to a daily current profile estimation is presented and the relevant combined standard uncertainty, arising from the uncertainty sources located in the measurement hardware, is evaluated. Finally, the results of a statistical test are presented aiming at verifying the correctness of the gauged relationship.
Framing Cancer for Online News: Implications for Popular Perceptions of Cancer

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

News frames can influence how people think about disease. In a pair of studies, we demonstrate how contemporary news outlets frame cancer and how exposure to common frames can affect news audiences' perceptions of those who suffer from cancer. First, we examine the current landscape of frame usage in online cancer news, employing frames ideally suited to the depiction of health and disease. We compare our results with previously published research in this news domain. Second, we employ these frames in a multimessage experiment to assess the influence of cancer news framing on individuals' perceptions about cancer, cancer interventions, and those with cancer. We conclude with a discussion of implications for framing research and health news production.
Ambiversion as independent personality characteristic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: The EEG studies of the personality trait extraversion rarely commented as the intermediate subgroup or the ambiversion. Since the majority of human population falls precisely into the aforementioned intermediate category, it is important to study it more extensively. DESIGN: In this work we examined the influence of the individual personality characteristic ambiversion on sensorimotor and cognitive information processing by studying the auditory Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) of healthy volunteers in auditory mental and sensorimotor discrimination task conditions. The volunteers completed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and were divided into introverts, ambiverts and extraverts. We compared the N1 and P3 amplitudes and latencies of ERP components between introvert, ambivert and extravert subgroups. For sensorimotor task series we calculated two response time parameters: the onset of response movement activity and the moment of maximal push force power. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The ambivert N1 amplitude was enhanced compared to the same ERP components of the extravert and the introvert subgroups. Our results revealed increase of P3 amplitudes for extravert subgroup in all passive, sensorimotor and mental task conditions. The ambivert showed higher P3 amplitude in comparison with introverts and extraverts predominantly in mental task series. Our data revealed activation differences in sensory and cognitive information processing related to extraversion and the ERP analysis confirmed that the personality characteristic ambiversion influences the N1 and P3 amplitudes of ERP components. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that ambiversion has its EEG reflection in the auditory ERP components and supports that ambiversion must not be neglected and should be researched further as independent personality characteristic compared to the relevant extremes.