jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of acoustoelastography to evaluate tendon healing after surgical repair of an Achilles mechanism laceration and rehabilitation with a custom tarsal orthotic splint in a dog

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Achilles mechanism laceration in dogs is commonly treated by suture repair and temporary tarsal immobilisation. Acoustoelastography is an ultrasound technique that can relate changes in ultrasonic wave amplitude to a tendon's mechanical properties. This report describes use of this novel technique for monitoring mechanical healing of an Achilles tendon laceration in a dog after suture repair. A three‐year‐old spayed female Duck Tolling Retriever was diagnosed with complete laceration of the Achilles mechanism after traumatic injury. Suture repair was performed with temporary tarsal immobilisation by use of a custom hinged orthotic splint. Acoustoelastography examination was performed immediately after surgery, 6, 16, 22 and 29 weeks after surgery. Tarsal range of motion was gradually increased after surgery by staged modification of the splint. Serial acoustoelastography examinations demonstrated improving mechanical properties throughout the recovery period. At 29 weeks, mechanical properties of the repaired tendon approximated that of the normal contralateral Achilles mechanism.
Mathematical Content Knowledge and Problem-Solving Skills of Preservice Teachers in the Era of Distance Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This cross-sectional correlational study examined the mathematical content knowledge and problem-solving skills of preservice mathematics teachers in the era of distance learning.The study involved 40 third-year mathematics preservice teachers in one state university in the Philippines, and respondents were selected using stratified random sampling.The findings revealed that most preservice teachers exhibited below-average content knowledge and problem-solving skills.The correlation between content knowledge and problem-solving skills was weak and statistically insignificant.The results highlight the urgent need to address the low levels of content knowledge and problem-solving skills among preservice mathematics teachers.Recommendations include comprehensive training and ongoing professional development opportunities for mathematics education students, focusing on explicit instruction in problem-solving strategies and integrating innovative instructional approaches and technology.
Effect of Garcinia Kola in Ivermectin-Induced Toxicity in the Hematology of Treated Rats (Rattus Novergicus)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Garcinia kola (GK) is prized in African herbal medicine for its diverse uses, including social, economic, and medicinal purposes. This study examined the dose-dependent toxicity of ivermectin and the protective effects of Garcinia kola extract on the hematological parameters of Wistar rats. A total of 32 Wistar Rats (120 – 150g) were randomly chosen from PAMO University of Medical Sciences' Animal House. They were acclimatized for two weeks. Divided into 4 main groups (A, B, C, D), which were further subdivided into 2 subgroups each (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2) with each subgroup containing 4 rats. Subgroup A: negative control (0 mg/kg BW of ivermectin, no Garcinia kola). Subgroup A2: positive control (0 mg/kg BW of ivermectin and 20 mg/kg/ml Garcinia kola). Test Subgroups 1 (B1, C1 and D1) received respectively doses of 10 mg/kg/ml, 20 mg/kg/ml, and 40 mg/kg/ml of Ivermectin intraperitoneally, Subgroups 2 (B2, C2 and D2) received respectively the same doses followed by oral administration of Garcinia kola at 20 mg/kg BW of rat per ml daily for 7 days, starting 24 hours after toxicity induction. On the eighth day, each rat was anesthetized with chloroform. 5mls of blood was collected via cardiac puncture into EDTA bottle for the analysis of the CBC parameters. ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses at alpha = 0.05. The result showed a significant dose-dependent difference in anaemia indicators in ivermectin induction but there was no significant change in after bitter kola treatment. The study has shown that ivermectin inflicted haematological toxicity particicular in particular in anaemic indicators but bitter kola couldn’t ameliorate the effect of the toxicity.
Evaluation of Ditch Plug Designs and Construction Methods for the Blocking of Field Ditches to Restore Wetland Hydrology in the Coastal Plains of South Carolina

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Approximately seventy-five ditch plugs were installed in the coastal plains of SouthCarolina to restore wetland hydrology to sites under the federal Wetland Reserve Program(WRP) from 1997 to 2000. Some problems were encountered with the early ditch plugs and thedesigns and construction methods were modified over time. A visual inspection and evaluationof selected ditch plugs was completed in the spring of 2001 and recommendations are made asto the most successful ditch plug configuration. 1.) Borrow for the ditch plug should beupstream and not immediately adjacent to the plug. 2.) Wing dikes should be part of thedesign. 3.) Placing rock riprap on the downstream end of the plug should be considered toprovide any overflow water access back into the channel without causing erosion. 4.) A ditchplug can be allowed to naturalize with native vegetation and does not require the maintenancethat a dike across the ditch would require. 5.) When a steady flow of water is expected over theplug, a plug constructed of crusher-run gravel and riprap works well.
Isotopic constraints on growth conditions of multiphase calcite–pyrite–barite concretions in Carboniferous mudstones

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Carbonate concretions in the Lower Carboniferous Caton Shale Formation contain diagenetic pyrite, calcite and barite in the concretion matrix or in different generations of septarian fissures. Pyrite was formed by sulphate reduction throughout the sediment before concretionary growth, then continued to form mainly in the concretion centres. The septarian calcites show a continuous isotopic trend from δ 13 C=−28·7‰ PDB and δ 18 O=−1·6‰ PDB through to δ 13 C=−6·9‰ PDB and δ 18 O=−14·6‰ PDB. This trend arises from (1) a carbonate source initially from sulphate reduction, to which was added increasing contributions of methanogenic carbonate; and (2) burial/temperature effects or the addition of isotopically light oxygen from meteoric water. The concretionary matrix carbonates must have at least partially predated the earliest septarian cements, and thus used the same carbonate sources. Consequently, their isotopic composition (δ 13 C=−12·0 to −10·1‰ PDB and δ 18 O=−5·7 to −5·6‰ PDB) can only result from mixing a carbonate cement derived from sulphate reduction with cements containing increasing proportions of carbonate from methanogenesis and, directly or indirectly, also from skeletal carbonate. Concretionary growth was therefore pervasive, with cements being added progressively throughout the concretion body during growth. The concretions contain barite in the concretion matrix and in septarian fissures. Barite in the earlier matrix phase has an isotopic composition (δ 34 S=+24·8‰ CDT and δ 18 O=+16·4‰ SMOW), indicating formation from near‐surface, sulphate‐depleted porewaters. Barites in the later septarian phase have unusual isotopic compositions (δ 34 S=+6 to +11‰ CDT and δ 18 O=+8 to +11‰ SMOW), which require the late addition of isotopically light sulphate to the porewaters, either from anoxic sulphide oxidation (using ferric iron) or from sulphate dissolved in meteoric water. Carbon isotope and biomarker data indicate that oil trapped within septarian fissures was derived from the maturation of kerogen in the enclosing sediments.
Safety and Cost-Efficacy of Surgical Fixation of Isolated Ankle Fractures in a Free-Standing Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) vs. Hospital-Owned Outpatient Facility (HOPD)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Free-standing Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs) typically provide uncomplicated surgical procedures in a non-hospital setting, and function as ‘focused factories’ that replicate the delivery of quality care while achieving lower costs as compared to hospital-owned outpatient facilities (HOPD). Despite an increasing interest towards outpatient foot and ankle surgery, few studies have compared the safety and cost-savings associated with surgical fixation of isolated ankle fractures in a free-standing ASC vs. a HOPD. Methods: The 2007-2014 Humana Administrative Claims (HAC) database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for uni-malleolar (27766, 27769, 27792), bi-malleolar (27814) and tri-malleolar (27822, 27823) ankle fractures. Patients with polytrauma or those undergoing a concurrent surgical fixation of the upper extremity, hip, femur, knee or tibia were removed from the study to capture a relevant cohort of isolated ankle fracture patients. Location of surgery was identified using Service Location codes 22 (HOPD) and 24 (ASC). Propensity- score matching and multi-variate regression analyses were used to compare differences in 90-day complications, ED-visits and readmissions between the two groups. A 90-day cost comparison was also carried out to assess savings associated with surgery in an ASC vs. HOPD. Results: A total of 4,832 (80.1%) ankle fractures treated in a HOPD and 1,198 (19.9%) in a free-standing ASC were included in the study. Following propensity-score matching to account for differences in baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, each group consisted of 1,138 patients. Following multi-variate analyses, undergoing surgery in a free-standing ASC vs. a HOPD was not associated with a higher rate of 90-day complications (0.73 [95% CI 0.54 -1.00]; p=0.05), ED visits (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.64- 1.16]; p=0.331) and readmissions (0.79 [95% CI 0.53 -1.18]; p=0.251). Furthermore, undergoing surgery in a free-standing ASC was associated with nearly $2500 cost-savings/case over the 90-day episode of care (ASC = $8,058 vs. HOPD = $10,619; p<0.001). Conclusion: Using national administrative claims of Commercial insurance beneficiaries, the results of the study show that performing surgical fixation of ankle fractures in a free-standing ASC is a safe and cost-effective option in a carefully selected patient population.
Automated High‐Throughput Fatty Acid Analysis of Umbilical Cord Serum and Application to an Epidemiological Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Large population studies show that polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for human health, but determining relationships between the health benefits and the fatty acid content has been hampered by the unavailability of labor‐effective high‐throughput technologies. An automated high throughput fatty acid analysis was developed from a previous procedure based on direct transesterification including the automation of chemical procedures, data acquisition and automatic data processing. The method was validated and applied to umbilical cord serum samples in an epidemiological study. The method was linear in the range of 1–600 μg/mL serum with r 2 ≥0.99. The within‐run CV was <5.4% for 23 fatty acids and a range of recoveries over three concentrations were 76–119% in a low‐lipid matrix with the exception of 14:0. The fatty acid concentration as measured by the robotic method for human plasma was in good agreement with the Lepage & Roy method. The fatty acid profile in umbilical cord serum from American subjects ( n = 287) showed an average of 38.0, 24.9, 32.0 and 4.6% of total fatty acids for saturates, monounsaturates, n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturates, respectively. This is the first report of a complete, validated, cost‐effective, automated, high throughput fatty acid measurement method along with application to a population‐based study. Automated fatty acid analysis coupled with automated data processing greatly facilitates the high throughput, 72 samples transesterified in 6 h, required for large population‐based studies.
Object relations theory and activity theory: A proposed link by way of the procedural sequence model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this chapter is to consider the relationship between two theories of very different origins, namely, object relations theory and activity theory. The idea of linking the two theories was derived from my development of the procedural sequence model, which evolved in parallel with the development of an integrated approach to psychotherapy – cognitive analytic therapy (Ryle, 1982, 1990). The procedural sequence originated as a restatement, in cognitive terms, of ideas from both cognitive-behavioral and psychoanalytic therapies; the resemblance of this model to aspects of activity theory was pointed out by my colleague Mikael Leiman, and the present exploration was initiated by discussions with him.
Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, P = 5.7 × 10−15), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR = 1.07, P = 1.7 × 10−6). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 × 10−11) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P = 7.3 × 10−5). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination.
Kinetic study of the alternating copolymerization of butadiene and methyl methacrylate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A kinetic investigation of the alternating copolymerization of butadiene and methyl methacrylate with the use of a system of ethylaluminum dichloride and vanadyl chloride as a catalyst was undertaken. The relation between the polymer yield and the molar fraction of methyl methacrylate in the feed was examined by continuous variation of butadiene and methyl methacrylate, the concentrations of total monomer, ethylaluminum dichloride, and vanadyl chloride being kept constant. This continuous variation method revealed that the polymer yield attains its maximum value with a monomer feed containing less than the 0.5 molar fraction of methyl methacrylate. This value of the molar fraction of methyl methacrylate affording the maximum polymer yield decreased on increasing the total monomer concentration but was not changed on varying the concentration of ethylaluminum dichloride. The number of active species estimated from the relation between yield and molecular weight of the polymer was almost constant, regardless of the molar fraction of methyl methacrylate in the feed. Consequently, it can be said that the maximum polymer yield depends mainly on the propagation reaction, not on the initiation reaction or the termination reaction. Three types of the mechanism have been discussed for this alternating copolymerization: polymerization via alternating addition of butadiene and methyl methacrylate complexed with ethylaluminum dichloride by the Lewis‐Mayo scheme; polymerization via the ternary intermediate of butadiene, methyl methacrylate, and ethylaluminum dichloride; polymerization via the complex formation of butadiene and methyl methacrylate complexed with ethylaluminum dichloride occurring only at the growing polymer radical. From the kinetic results obtained, it was shown that the first and third schemes are excluded, and polymerization by way of the ternary intermediate is compatible with the data.
Usefulness of the placebo lead-in design for clinical trials with binary outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In placebo-controlled clinical trials to develop new drugs for the treatment of psychiatric or neurological disorders, a high and sometimes greater-than-expected placebo response makes it difficult to show the superiority of an investigational drug over a corresponding placebo. To avoid such difficulty, a placebo lead-in design has been presented, but its usefulness has been open to discussion. Although the statistical properties of the placebo lead-in design are investigated in the context of continuous outcomes, whether these properties can be generalized for binary or ordinal cases remains unclear. Methods: We investigate whether the placebo lead-in design is useful in clinical trials with binary outcomes through mathematical formulae and a numerical investigation. Specifically, we compare the proportion of placebo responders, the drug–placebo difference, and the effect size between two populations: one enriched for placebo nonresponders and the other comprising the all-comers. Results: Under positive correlation of the data between the lead-in stage and the randomized stage for both treatment groups, we mathematically show that the proportion of responders in the population enriched for placebo nonresponders is less than that in the all-comers population, and whether the placebo lead-in design increases the drug–placebo difference depends on the variances of outcomes in both treatment groups as well as the correlations of the outcomes between two stages. Further, through a numerical investigation, we show that whether the placebo lead-in design increases the effect size strongly depends on the magnitude of the correlations and their difference. Conclusion: If the correlation of the placebo–placebo group is much higher than that of the placebo–drug group, the placebo lead-in design is advantageous in most cases but has an impact on an estimand in placebo nonresponders. Therefore, we do not recommend using the placebo lead-in design for clinical trials with binary outcomes.
An accurate analytical BiCMOS delay expression and its application to optimizing high-speed BiCMOS circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A scheme for optimizing the overall delay of BiCMOS driver circuits is proposed in this paper. Using this optimization scheme, it is found that the delay is minimized when the maximum collector current of the bipolar transistors is equal to the onset of high current effects. Using this assumption, an accurate BiCMOS delay expression is derived in terms of the bipolar and MOS device parameters. The critical device parameters are then identified and their influence on the circuit speed discussed. An overall circuit delay expression for optimizing BiCMOS buffers is derived and a comparison made with CMOS buffers. It is shown that BiCMOS circuits have a speed advantage of 1.7 or an area advantage of about 5 for 2- mu m feature sizes. In order to predict the future performance of BiCMOS circuits, a figure of merit is derived from the delay expression. Using the figure-of-merit expression, it is seen that future BiCMOS circuits can keep the speed advantage over CMOS circuits down to submicrometer dimensions under constant load capacitance assumption.< >
Novel Mutations in CEBPA in Korean Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a Normal Karyotype

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α gene (CEBPA) are found in 5-14 % of the patients with AML and have been associated with a favorable clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequencies and characteristics of mutations in CEBPA. Between 2006 and 2009, CEBPA mutations were assessed using archival DNA samples obtained from 30 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with AML with a normal karyotype at our institution. CEBPA mutations were detected using direct sequencing analyses. These mutations were detected and described with reference to GenBank Accession No. NM_004364.3. In our series, CEBPA mutations were detected in 4 patients (13.3%). These mutations occurred as double mutations in all 4 patients. Among the 8 mutant alleles, 5 were novel (c.179_180dupCG, c.50_53delGCCA, c.178_182delACGTinsTTT, c.243_244insGTCG, and c.923_924insCTC). The frequency of occurrence of CEBPA mutations in Korean patients with AML is comparable to that in previous reports. Long-term follow-up data from a larger series of patients with comprehensive molecular profiling are needed to delineate the prognostic implications.
Hodgkin disease: contributions of chest CT in the initial staging evaluation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chest radiographs and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were compared in 203 patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin disease. The incidence of positive findings was tabulated from six intrathoracic lymph node groups, lung parenchyma, pericardium, pleura, and chest wall. The discordant cases were assessed to determine impact on clinical management. The CT scans provided additional evidence of disease involvement, ranging from 0% to 15% at each of the designated anatomic sites. Treatment was altered in 9.4% of all patients (19 of 203), including 13.8% (nine of 65) of those undergoing radiation therapy alone and 8.2% (ten of 122) of those undergoing combined-modality treatment. We conclude that routine chest CT examinations are valuable in the clinical management of those patients for whom radiation therapy is planned.
Serum factors stimulate the motility of human spermatozoa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Motile human sperm were collected from a Percoll gradient and the effects on sperm motility of human serum, various serum fractions, follicular fluid and seminal plasma were assessed. In culture medium alone (RPMI‐1640) sperm motility was lost after about 5 h. The addition of male blood serum both enhanced sperm motility and prolonged viability very significantly. Albumin, seminal plasma and follicular fluid all stimulated sperm motility but to a much lesser extent than did blood serum. No difference was noted between male serum or female serum which had been collected during the follicular or luteal phases of hormone‐stimulated cycles and which contained high levels of oestradiol. Serum fractions obtained by separation on Sephacryl S‐300 column were tested for their ability to enhance sperm motility. The most pronounced effect, much superior to that achieved by the albumin fraction, was obtained by a fraction with a molecular weight of around 200 kD. In conclusion, certain factors in human serum, which are different from albumin, strongly support sperm motility. The high serum concentrations of oestradiol resulting from hormone stimulation for in‐vitro fertilization do not invalidate the use of serum from the same patient during sperm preparation, or in the medium used for ovum insemination and culture.
Supplementary Table 1 from Phosphorylated Caveolin-1 Regulates Rho/ROCK-Dependent Focal Adhesion Dynamics and Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Table 1 from Phosphorylated Caveolin-1 Regulates Rho/ROCK-Dependent Focal Adhesion Dynamics and Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion