jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Uniformity and Contrast in the Hungarian Verbal Paradigm

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter analyzes lexical allomorphy in the Hungarian verbal paradigm, specifically the variety that is paradigmatically motivated. The traditional strategy to account for allomorphy with reference to a common underlying form cannot succeed in the case of lexical allomorphy because in lexical allomorphy the allomorphs do not have phonological properties that permit the postulation of a single underlying source. Therefore lexical allomorphy is inaccessible to derivational analysis or an analysis based on the comparison of underlying and surface forms. By contrast, the current analysis relies on Output–Output constraints. It shows that lexical allomorphy is due to an interaction of paradigmatic uniformity and contrast constraints which are relativized to morphosyntactic dimensions. Hungarian verbal inflectional morphology is basically agglutinative, but crucially the correspondence between morphosyntactic values and distinct suffixes is not always one-to-one: in some forms more than one morphosyntactic category can be expressed by one suffix. The chapter develops an alternative interpretation of PAR constraints to handle this situation. This interpretation explains an interesting phenomenon (of which the Hungarian paradigm is an example), namely the case when lexical allomorphy is conservative, i.e., when the lexical allomorph must be one which is attested at some other point(s) in the paradigm.
Lateral thin-film Schottky (LTFS) rectifier on SOI: a device with higher than plane parallel breakdown voltage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we report a lateral thin-film Schottky (LTFS) rectifier on a highly doped SOI epitaxial layer. Based on two-dimensional (2-D) numerical simulations, we demonstrate for the first time that, for an epitaxial doping of 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, breakdown voltages as large as 60 V (about six times higher than the plane parallel breakdown voltage) can be achieved using the proposed structure with very low reverse leakage current. Further, the forward voltage drop of the proposed device is shown to be as low as 0.27 V even at a current density 100 A/cm/sup 2/. The reasons for improved performance of the LTFS rectifier are analyzed and the effects of film thickness, Schottky barrier height, and the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface states on the device performance are also reported.
Effect of Burning Temperature on Rice Husk Silica as Reinforcement of Recycled Aluminium Chip AA7075

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Aluminium recycling is now a well-known technique used in material manufacturing because it consumes less energy and is environmentally friendly.This paper presents the effect of burning temperature on rice husk silica as reinforcement of recycled Aluminium chip AA7075 on physical properties and hardness.Rice husk silica was prepared without any chemical treatments which are original rice husk (O), rice husk ash burned at 700°C (RHA) and calcination of rice husk ash burned at 1000°C (CRHA).Recycled Aluminium chip AA7075 reinforced with rice husk silica i.e., 2.5 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 7.5 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 12.5 wt.% were prepared.Analyses of silica were conducted by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) test.Silica remains to be in amorphous phases for original rice husk and rice husk ash at 700°C.However, at a burning temperature of 1000°C, silica was observed in semi crystalline phase.Porosity and water absorption of composite of metal matrix increased with an increasing the composition of rice husk silica.The hardness of composite of metal matrix improved with increasing rice husk silica, while the hardness of chip AA7075/O and chip AA7075/CRHA decreased with increasing rice husk silica.Based on investigation to Aluminium reinforced rice husk at different burning temperatures, amorphous phase of silica burned at 700°C shows good potential to improve the hardness of material by appropriate composition of rice husk silica.
DUODENOSCOPE-RELATED INFECTIONS: AN ITALIAN PICK IN 2019

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims ERCP is performed with reusable duodenoscopes after manual and automated reprocessing. Recently, multidrug-resistant infection outbreaks associated with infected duodenoscopes have been reported. Our aim was to investigate the current Italian experience with duodenoscope-related infections and assess the criticality of the risk.
Lattice Dielectric Constant of p-PbTe in the Far-Infrared Region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magneto-transmission measurements by a strip-line method have been carried out on p-type PbTe whose hole concentration is 3×10 18 cm -3 at 4.2 K, in the wavelength range of 96.5 to 513.2 µm using an optically pumped far-infrared laser. It is shown that the observed transmission minima correspond to the dielectric anomaly of the ordinary ray. The frequency dependence of the lattice dielectric constant has been obtained using the reported values of the effective mass parameters. The result leads to the best fit values of the parameters: ε 0 =1300, ε ∞ =33 and ω TO =18 cm -1 .
Reporter systems forin vivotracking of lactic acid bacteria in animal model studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bioluminescence (BLI) and fluorescence imaging (FI) allow for non-invasive detection of viable microorganisms from within living tissue and are thus ideally suited for in vivo probiotic studies. Highly sensitive optical imaging techniques detect signals from the excitation of fluorescent proteins, or luciferase-catalyzed oxidation reactions. The excellent relation between microbial numbers and photon emission allow for quantification of tagged bacteria in vivo with extreme accuracy. More information is gained over a shorter period compared to traditional pre-clinical animal studies. The review summarizes the latest advances in in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging and points out the advantages and limitations of different techniques. The practical application of BLI and FI in the tracking of lactic acid bacteria in animal models is addressed.
THE ELECTRICAL BEHIOR OF REFRACTORY OXIDES.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The research described was an attempt to gain a better mechanistic understanding of charge and mass transport in non-metallic, refractory mate rials, particularly metal oxides. Special re search instrumentation was developed to permit measurements of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power under conditions of con trolled oxygen partial pressure and temperature. A special apparatus for determination of voltage transients and long time polarization was also developed. The solid solution ZrO.85Ca0.15O1.85 was shown to be an intrinsically pure oxygen ion conductor at temperatures above 100 C. The polarization technique developed under this pro gram was used to investigate the mixed ionic and electronic conduction. (Author)
Testing of Web Services using Behavior-Driven Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web services are commonly used in the communication of software over the web. To fully trust a web service, it should be tested and certified, but testing of web services provoke new challenges. Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) can be applied to the testing of web services. Gherkin language is used to define scenarios in BDD. We used Gherkin language to define test cases for web services and we developed a tool to convert these test cases into JMeter test scripts.
Hypoxia in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Relevance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors, typically resulting from abnormal and inefficient tumor vasculature that fails to meet the high oxygen demands of rapidly dividing tumor cells. While healthy tissues generally maintain oxygen levels around 5%, most tumors exhibit median oxygen levels below 1%, a condition known to cause radioresistance. This observation has led to efforts to reverse tumor hypoxia or, alternatively, to exploit the hypoxic environment to ensure selective cytotoxicity of drugs, particularly in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nimorazole is one such hypoxia-activated compound that is at the center of a lively debate surrounding clinical trials conducted 25 years apart. At the edge of this passionate discussion, the higher radiosensitivity of HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (compared to HPV-negative HNSCC) presents an intriguing opportunity to identify molecular determinants of therapeutic response. Additionally, the resurgence of studies investigating tumor metabolism has brought renewed attention to strategies that combat hypoxia not by providing external oxygen, but by inhibiting cancer cell respiration. Ultimately, these insights underscore the potential for innovative treatments to improve HNSCC patient outcomes.
Autonomous response in an autonomous earth observing sensorweb

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract – We describe a network of sensors linked by software and the internet to an autonomous satellite observation response capability. This system of systems is designed with a flexible, modular, architecture to facilitate expansion in sensors, customization of trigger conditions, and customization of responses. This system has been used to implement a global surveillance program of science phenomena including: volcanoes, flooding, cryosphere events, and atmospheric phenomena. In this paper we describe the importance of the earth observing sensorweb application as well as overall architecture for the system of systems. 1
Faster Algorithms for Weak Backdoors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A weak backdoor, or simply a backdoor, for a Boolean SAT formula F into a class of SAT formulae C is a partial truth assignment T such that F[T] is in C and satisfiability is preserved. The problem of finding a backdoor from class C1 into class C2, or WB(C1,C2), can be stated as follows: Given a formula F in C1, and a natural number k, determine whether there exists a backdoor for F into C2 assigning at most k variables. The class 0-Val contains all Boolean formulae with at least one negative literal in each clause. We design a new algorithm for WB(3CNF, 0-Val) by reducing it to a local search variant of 3-SAT. We show that our algorithm runs in time O*(2.562^k), improving on the previous state-of-the-art of O*(2.85^k). Here, the O* notation is a variant of the big-O notation that allows to omit polynomial factors in the input size. Next, we look at WB(3CNF, Null), where Null is the class consisting of the empty formula. This problem was known to have a trivial running time upper bound of O*(6^k) and can easily be solved in O*(3^k) time. We use a reduction to Conflict-Free-d-Hitting-Set to prove an upper bound of O*(2.2738^k), and also prove a lower bound of 2^o(k) assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis. Finally, Horn is the class of formulae with at most one positive literal per clause. We improve the previous O*(4.54^k) running time for WB(3CNF, Horn) problem to O*(4.17^k), by exploiting the structure of the SAT instance to give a novel proof of the non-existence of the slowest cases after a slight restructuring of the branching priorities.
C-Phycocyanin, a Very Potent and Novel Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor from Spirulina platensis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to systematically examine the inhibitory mechanisms of C-phycocyanin (C-PC), one of the major phycobiliproteins of Spirulina platensis (a blue-green alga), in platelet activation. In this study, C-PC concentration-dependently (0.5-10 nM) inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. C-PC (4 and 8 nM) inhibited intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and thromboxane A2 formation but not phosphoinositide breakdown stimulated by collagen (1 microg/mL) in human platelets. In addition, C-PC (4 and 8 nM) markedly increased levels of cyclic GMP and cyclic GMP-induced vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) Ser(157) phosphorylation. Rapid phosphorylation of a platelet protein of Mw 47,000 (P47), a marker of protein kinase C activation, was triggered by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (150 nM). This phosphorylation was markedly inhibited by C-PC (4 and 8 nM). In addition, C-PC (4 and 8 nM) markedly reduced the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal intensity of hydroxyl radicals in collagen (1 microg/mL)-activated platelets. The present study reports on a novel and very potent (in nanomolar concentrations) antiplatelet agent, C-PC, which is involved in the following inhibitory pathways: (1) C-phycocyanin increases cyclic GMP/VASP Ser157 phosphorylation and subsequently inhibits protein kinase C activity, resulting in inhibition of both P47 phosphorylation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and (2) C-PC may inhibit free radicals (such as hydroxyl radicals) released from activated platelets, which ultimately inhibits platelet aggregation. These results strongly indicate that C-PC appears to represent a novel and potential antiplatelet agent for treatment of arterial thromboembolism.
[A contribution to hereditary sensory neuropathy. Electron microscopical studies (author's transl)].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Otto von Bismarck and William E. Gladstone stand on a "Political Stage." Bismarck is wearing a suit of armor and Gladstone has an axe hanging from a rope around his neck. There are bouquets of flowers for each on the stage from their respective German and English "admirers." Caption: It seems that those popular stars, the "Iron Chancellor" and the "Grand Old Man," will have to respond to another encore.
Engineering the Lanthanide and Actinide Dopants Effects on the Local Environment of Luminescent Complex Metal Oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Rare earth (RE) based phosphor materials are widely used as luminescent probes in high-temperature optical thermometry where standard methods are unsuitable. The current generation of luminescent thermometers lacks stability and energy transport within the operating temperature ranges. The challenge is developing an oxide-based material with high luminescence intensity and thermal sensitivity/stability, suitable for an optical temperature sensor/thermal barrier coating. This work aims to develop a fundamental understanding of the local environment surrounding RE or actinide dopants in metal oxide hosts to engineer their luminescence property. To maximize the luminescence, the local symmetry, doping concentration, and radiative/non-radiative relaxation pathways must be optimized simultaneously.\nA two-step synthesis method of co-precipitation and molten salt was employed to prepare complex RE-doped metal oxides. First, Tb doped Y2Zr2O7 (YZO) was applied to study the Ce sensitizing effect on the local structure and luminescence intensity. After co-doping with Ce ions as the sensitizer, the Tb3+ emission is quenched instead of the expected sensitization and was attributed to Ce-driven oxidization to a non-luminescent Tb4+ state. This was then extended to La2Hf2O7 (LHO) and Gd2Hf2O7 (GHO) host crystals to study the effect of structure on the dopant state. A U-driven phase transfer in LHO and GHO was observed to stabilize the local coordination environment surrounding the dopants, resulting in two distinct U clusters based on the available lattice site size. This response was also used to enhance the Er upconversion luminescence by co-doping the host with smaller cations (Sc3+). PL results and Judd-Ofelt calculation showed that YScO:Er with Sc concentration less than 50% of (Y+Sc) have improved efficiency and intensity and decreased site symmetry level, indicating that incorporating a small amount of Sc drives Er ions to occupy lower symmetry sites (C2) and reduces the overall site symmetry. Finally, these spatial and structural controls of RE dopants were applied in designing a qualifying material for the high-temperature application, such as optical thermometers. This work offers an idea about the relation between dopants and the structure-property change of different host materials, which can be applied to designing materials for various applications such as phosphors, solid-state lasers, and temperature sensors.
Emergency supply chain scheduling problem with multiple resources in disaster relief operations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In emergency logistics, it is important to allocate available assets to operations effectively due to the resource scarcity. This paper considers a supply chain network which includes local and global suppliers of medical relief items, regional and central distribution centers, and many customer demand points. Either pre-positioned resources at distribution centers or new assembly operations at them can fulfill resources demands. Moreover, a capacitated multi-stage operations scheduling problem is presented, in which renewable (medical teams) as well as non-renewable resources (standard or customized medical kits) are required in an emergency supply chain. In addition, a new mixed-integer programming model is presented and solved for small-sized problems. Further, for solving large-sized problems, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed. Finally, the performance of the proposed solution method is evaluated, and some sensitivity analyses are conducted on the more important parameters.
Effect of Hypnosis on Intraocular Pressure in Normal and Glaucomatous Subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An attempt was made to study the effect of hypnosis on intraocular tension in normal and glaucomatous subjects. Measurements were made with a recently standardized electronic tonometer (Mueller). Seven patients with chronic primary glaucoma, ranging in age from 52 to 67, and 4 young, healthy, normal subjects were studied. Four of the glaucomatous patients were hypnotizable to the point of amnesia in one session, while 3 were not hypnotizable under these conditions. All the normal subjects were highly hypnotizable. The study provided data on the effect on intraocular tension of: (1) hypnosis per se; (2) waking and hypnotic suggestion of symptom relief; (3) posthypnotic suggestion of symptom relief; (4) a hypnotically suggested anxiety situation. The single, most impressive finding was that on direct waking suggestion of symptom relief, all glaucomatous patients showed a drop in the pressure of one or both eyes to a level as low as (1 case) or lower than (6 cases) the lowest recorded tension during the previous 12 months that they had been followed in the eye clinic. (One subject had been followed for only 3 months.) Posthypnotic suggestion of symptom relief resulted in subjective improvement only in several of the patients. These patients volunteered such improvement as having fewer headaches; less tearing, feeling generally more relaxed, and sleeping better. These findings serve to emphasize the significant role of the emotions in glaucoma, although the mechanisms involved remain obscure.
Genetic Diversity Analysis in Genetically Modified Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present research was aimed to analysis genetic diversity in a set of 26 genetically modified cotton genotypes. The results exhibited that there was significant differences (P ≤0.01) among the genotypes for all the studied traits, showing the substantial genetic variability among the genotypes for further evaluation. With respects to mean performance, variety BH-180 and IR-3701 displayed superior performance in terms of bolls plant-1, seed cotton yield plant-1, micronaire value, GOT%, staple length and lint index, offering that these genotypes can further be exploited for various breeding programs to improve upland cotton genotypes. High heritability values (h2 b.s.) were shown by most of the studied traits, indicating that the variation found was primarily under genetic control and was less affected by environmental factors, referring the influence of additive gene action for these traits. Thus, the progress of such traits can be done via direct phenotypic selection. In cluster analysis, all genotypes divided into seven small clusters, cluster one consisted of nine genotypes which were characterized as high yielding genotypes, suggesting that these genotypes could be utilized for future breeding programs in order to get better yielding varieties. First three principal components accounted 99.00% variability, which is considered very high and could be used in upcoming breeding programs of cotton.
Clinical significance of hearing screening with transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in high-risk neonates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of some high-risk factors on neonatal hearing through the results of hearing screening with transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE) in high-risk neonates.Methods TEOAE was used to examine the hearing of 73 high-risk neonates before they discharged from the hospital and of 66 normal neonates 3 to 8 days after their birth.Results The failing rates of TEOAE in the high-risk neonates and normal neonates were 41.10 %(30/73)and 3.03%(2/66)respectively,with very significant difference(P0.01),that of asphyxiated neonates,premature infants,low birth weight infants and neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were 45.16%,47.83%,47.62% and 21.43% respectively.1 of 3 cases with severe pneumonia did not pass TEOAE.ConclusionAsphyxia,preterm,low birth weight and hyperbilirubinemia are common high-risk factors of neonatal hearing impairment,therefore,neonates with high-risk factors should receive regular hearing screening before discharged from the hospital and be followed up.TEOAE is an effective test for hearing screening in high-risk neonates.