jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mental health: current trends in pharmacy and new concepts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The implementation of the National Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP), which aims to broaden the management of patients with mental disorders in primary care, should involve not only primary care physicians but also pharmacists. Pharmacists play a crucial role by providing medications within the expanded Medical Guarantee Program for drug reimbursement in outpatient treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. Additionally, they offer pharmaceutical care for patients dealing with stress disorders and insomnia, adhering to the Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) standards. The aim of the work is the study of national information, scientific databases, and scientometric databases of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library in order to identify, generalize, and systematize the source based on providing pharmaceutical care in the field of mental health care of patients and predicting the future vector of research on the specified topic. Materials and methods. General scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, and data generalization from domestic information and scientific databases were employed in this study. To search for scientific publications, the VOS viewer visualization program, the PubMed search engine, and the Cochrane Library were used. The keywords “mental health” and “pharmacy” were used for the search within the scientometric databases of Scopus and Web of Science. Results. The analysis of the main strategies for the development of pharmaceutical care for mental health care in pharmaceutical practice was carried out. The most researched clusters of mental health care were singled out. Modern trends in the development of pharmaceutical care for mental health care were summarized. Conclusions. The initiative for enhancing mental health care for the country’s population hinges on the principles of a novel, sustainable, patient-centered pharmacy model. This approach necessitates the realization of an expanded role for pharmacists, aligning with the standards outlined in Good Pharmacy Practice.
Spinosad bait sprays against the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae(Rossi)): effect on the canopy non-target arthropod fauna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abundance and diversity of arthropods were compared in olive trees treated against the olive fruit fly with spinosad bait sprays and an untreated control, paying special attention to predators and parasitoids. Spinosad bait sprays did not reduce the abundance and diversity of arthropods as a whole in the canopy. However, principal response curve analysis revealed a significant deleterious effect of the treatments on natural enemies in the last of the three years of study. The most affected taxa were Anthocoridae (especially Orius spp.) and Aphelinidae. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
Trends in the Use of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for the Management of Acute Pancreatitis in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal causes for hospitalization in US. The incidence of AP has increased over time. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has historically provided a means for both diagnosis and treatment of AP. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002-2014. We identified patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of AP who underwent ERCP via ICD-9 codes. We further categorized acute pancreatitis into two categories i.e biliary and alcoholic AP. We analyzed patient and hospital characteristics, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality, and adjusted for weighted sample schema. Results: From 2002 to 2014, the AP discharges increased from 235589 (81.9 discharges per 100,000 persons) to 279145 (87.5 discharges per 100,000 persons). The percentage of discharges with ERCP declined from 10.84% in 2002 to 6.91% in 2014. For Biliary AP, the ERCP declined from 32.71% in 2002 to 24.04% in 2014. For Alcoholic AP, ERCP declined from 1.36% to 0.77%. Patients undergoing ERCP in biliary AP have decreased mortality than without (0.77% Vs 1.37%, P=0.001). In alcoholic AP, patients undergoing ERCP have increased mortality than without (1.24 Vs 0.64% P=0.002). The odds of getting ERCP was more with age above 70, female gender, Asian race, Medicare insurance status, urban teaching and large hospitals. The odds of having complications like shock, altered mental status, Acute Kidney injury, pleural effusion, acute respiratory failure & pseudocyst formation was more with alcoholic AP undergoing ERCP than with biliary AP. Median length of stay and median total hospital charges were more in hospitalizations with ERCP than without in both biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis. Conclusion: Over the last twelve years ERCP use in US hospitalizations with AP is declining because of newer imaging modalities. ERCP use in biliary AP was associated with having odds of decreased mortality, but in alcoholic AP it was associated with increased mortality. The Alcoholic AP patients undergoing ERCP were having more odds of complications as well. The cohort that underwent ERCP had increased total costs and charges. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate whether increased mortality in alcoholic AP patients undergoing ERCP is because of procedure itself or these patients are sicker to begin with.801_A Figure 1. Complications and Procedures during Acute Pancreatitis Hospitalizations801_B Figure 2. Trends of In-Hospital Mortality, Median Length of Stay and Median Cost of Care in Acute Pancreatitis patients undergoing ERCP.
MonoER - A Edge Refined Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Estimating depth from a single image is a challenging but valuable job, as it has numerous applications. Recently, some works treat depth estimating as an image synthesis problem - using stereo pairs or video sequences to train the network. In this paper, we focus on the first case - training a network with stereo image pairs. Here, we propose our MonoER (Monocular depth estimation with Edge Refining), where edge refers to the contours of the objects. Existing monocular methods often suffer from blurred edges and fail to distinguish small objects. Our network aims to solve these problems. We test our network on the KITTI dataset, showing that it produces state of the art in self-supervised monocular depth prediction. We also transfer our ideas to some popular monocular methods and the experiment results show that our ideas have the ability to generalize.
Analytical and experimental modeling of the hydrocarbon slick form and its spreading on the water surface

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is devoted to the effect of different physical and chemical properties of contacting media on the hydrocarbon spreading process on the water surface as well as the comparison of analytically acquired expressions for the form of the hydrocarbon slick observed in experiments. The equations that define the quasi-stationary form of the hydrocarbon slick are presented and numerically solved. Experiments on the compact oil slick field growth under different physical conditions are made. It is shown that the growth of the oil spill slick area with time is greater on fresh water than on saline and also depends on the oil volume and its properties. The dependency of spreading area size on the salinity of water is also revealed.
Tuning the circadian period of cyanobacteria up to 6.6 days by the single amino acid substitutions in KaiC

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Circadian clocks, biological oscillators with temperature-compensated periods close to 24 h, enhance fitness in Earth’s daily cycle. Although many circadian period mutants have helped to elucidate the circadian clock mechanism, the tuning mechanism of 24-h period remains unclear. In this study, we found that mutants at position 402 of cyanobacterial clock protein KaiC alter circadian periods dramatically, from 0.6 to 6.6 d. Despite the wide-range tunability, temperature compensation of period was kept nearly intact. As these astounding results can be observed in in vitro system, residue 402 is the important position for tuning mechanism of period. Furthermore, we found that the volume of residue 402 of KaiC is the key factor in determination of the length of circadian period.
Microstream end-tidal carbon dioxide and capillary carbon dioxide in mechanically ventilated extreme preterm neonates: a methods comparison study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose : End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is not routinely used in mechanically ventilated extreme preterm neonates due to the low tidal volume generated. Microstream devices potentially alleviate this problem as they need small sampl volumes. We compared micro stream ETCO2 and arterialized capillary PCO2 (PacCO2) in mechanically ventilated, extreme premature neonates for their correlation and agreement. Methods: ETCO2 and PacCO2 were time matched. Repeated measures correlation coefficient was calculated, and Bland-Altman agreement plot was created. A linear mixed-effects model was developed. Results: In the 49 pairs of ETCO2 and PacCO2, a moderately positive repeated measures correlation coefficient was observed [0.63 (0.4-0.81)]. A mean average monotonic bias of 22.6 mmHg was observed between PacCO2 and ETCO2. After controlling for mean airway pressure and respiratory rate, ETCO2 significantly predicted PacCO2 (b = 0.94 (0.39-1.5)). Conclusions: Micro stream ETCO 2 and PacCO2 showed a moderately positive correlation but a high non-linear bias in mechanically ventilated, extreme preterm neonates in the first week of life. More research in larger and clinically diverse samples is required before routine clinical use
Student MEL software support for instructors and teaching assistants in research methods course

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A number of common problems plague the teaching of the undergraduate research methods course, from the training of teaching assistants to providing meaningful experimental materials to handling data acquisition and analysis. The Student Micro Experimental Laboratory (MEL) offers a systematic approach to the management of a computerized research methods laboratory course by combining high-quality experiments in many areas of psychology with background materials to help the instructor and teaching assistant. The software presents and collects data from 28 experiments. The data can be analyzed for single subjects and for classes as a whole. Students can rapidly implement new experiments in a variety of paradigms. An expanding library of experiments created by students and instructors should provide an expanding environment for teaching experimental research methods. Instructor’s materials provide background information, discussion questions, and data analysis for all experiments. The student workbook provides discussion of the background of the experiment, details of the methodology, and questions addressing various aspects of experimental design and interpretation of data.
Using underwater images to sample and determine trends in lateralization and group counts when beluga calves and juveniles are present

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this thesis, I used underwater images to determine patterns in lateralization and group size when beluga calves and juveniles are present. Usually, lateralization is defined by either a left or right preference, but using underwater images (an untested, non-invasive approach) provided an opportunity to analyze position bias from three distinct planes, the sagittal (left or right), coronal (dorsal or ventral), and transverse (anterior or posterior). My research found that the presence of the boat may have affected lateralization as juveniles were most frequently observed on the left. This position bias was possibly due to their mothers, who may have positioned themselves between their young and the less familiar boat. Additionally, while both calves and juveniles preferred to be positioned in ventral positions near their mother, juveniles were most frequently observed at the anterior of the head region, while calves were in the posterior or tail region or infant position. This difference is likely due to juveniles having increased swimming abilities, allowing them to compromise the hydrodynamic benefits of the infant position for the anterior position, as the head or anterior is preferred for social interactions in whales. In my second chapter, I determined if mother and calf/juvenile dyads selected larger groups. My results indicated that groups that contained calves and juveniles had more adults present than groups that contained adults only. In comparison with aerial surveys, I found that group sizes in underwater images were significantly larger across all age classes. This may be an effect of methods used, as boats used to collect camera images may have moved to locations where beluga were aggregating. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of boats on juveniles’ interactions.
Divus Constantinus and Court Theology in the Eastern Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter the author discusses Christian theological narratives about the political sphere from the time of Constantine the Great to the fall of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. The author points to the continuity of certain religious-political ideas that would be incorporated into the “symphonic” political/theological narratives. The author also discusses the position, meaning, and role of the Roman Emperor vis-à-vis the Church, and the role of bishops as well as theologians vis-à-vis- the State.
Narratives of adolescent girls journeying via feminist participatory action research through the aftermath of divorce

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article documents the (often counter-normative) narrative journey of four South African adolescent girls whose biological parents had divorced – and one (or both) parent(s) remarried. Through purposive sampling within a qualitative research paradigm of feminist participatory action research, they were supported in group context by the primary researcher to voice their narratives; within a world where they are mostly inundated with (normative) discourses on what they are supposed to be experiencing. The ways in which their lives were influenced by parental divorce and subsequent remarriage were explored, and normative prescriptive discourses about divorce, remarriage and parentchild relationships deconstructed. This offered participants the opportunity to re-author their stories about their families and to explore the problem-saturated narratives that these four participants had with their biological, non-residential fathers – and the novel relations with their stepfathers. Sharing the narratives of these relationships led to significant discoveries about alternative postdivorce dynamics. The participants also initiated social action in their school by advocating for the cause of divorce and the plight of teenagers living with the reality of post-divorce dynamics.
Representing their own? Ethnic minority women in the Dutch Parliament

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ethnic minority women tend to be better represented in parliaments than ethnic minority men. What does this mean for their substantive representation? This article makes use of intersectional analysis to study how the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation differs within and between gender and ethnic groups. Drawing on written parliamentary questions and the committee memberships of MPs in seven parliamentary sessions (1995–2012) in the Netherlands, a strong link is found between descriptive and substantive representation. Female ethnic minority MPs more often sit on committees and table questions that address ethnic minority women’s interests than male ethnic minority and female ethnic majority MPs. The link, however, is fragile as it is based on a small number of active MPs. This demonstrates the importance of an intersectional approach to understanding how representation works in increasingly diverse parliaments, which cannot be captured by focusing on gender or ethnicity alone.
Association Between FABP3 and FABP4 Genes with Changes in Milk Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles in the Native Southern Yellow Cattle Breed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fatty acid binding proteins FABP3 and FABP4 act as intracellular lipid chaperones that influence fatty acid transport and metabolism in mammary tissue, and genetic variation in these genes may affect milk composition. We examined the associations between FABP3 and FABP4 polymorphisms and milk composition and fatty acid profiles in 200 lactating Native Southern Yellow (NSY) cows. DNA from each cow was PCR-amplified and Sanger-sequenced for FABP3 and FABP4; genotypes were tested for their association with milk fatty acid concentrations and standard composition traits using linear models adjusted for relevant covariates. We detected a missense variant in FABP3 (c.3656G > A; p.Val45Met) and an intronic SNP in FABP4 (g.3509T > C). The FABP3 p.Val45Met AA genotype was associated with higher concentrations of butyric, palmitic, oleic, and α-linolenic acids. Cows with the FABP4 TC genotype exhibited elevated levels of myristoleic, γ-linolenic, conjugated linoleic, and arachidic acids, along with increased fat-free dry matter, protein, and lactose. In silico analyses provided mixed evidence for the structural effects of p.Val45Met, molecular docking suggested altered ligand affinity for several fatty acids, and splice site prediction implicated g.3509T > C in possible transcript processing changes. These variants constitute candidate markers for milk fatty acid composition in NSY cattle; replication in independent cohorts and functional validation are recommended to confirm their utility for milk quality improvement.
The Revenue Adminstration of Sylhet District 1765-1792.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The acquisition of the right to the revenue of Bengal by the East India Company in 1765 altered fundamentally the nature of the British connection with India. An important branch of Mughal government was now taken over by a trading corporation. But the change was not as dramatic as it might have been, for the British were content at first to work with the old Mughal system. Subsequently, they introduced a series of changes in revenue administration, but there was always a gap between policy as it evolved in Calcutta and practice in the districts of Bengal. This thesis seeks to examine the factors which contributed to create that gap with reference to one unit of the Bengal Presidency - Sylhet district. The opening pages deal with the remnants of the Mughal system in Sylhet and the peculiar environmental characteristics of the district. The scene having been set, the main body of the thesis is devoted to a consideration of the influence on the nature of revenue administration in the district of a succession of district officers. The interaction of these local officials with the central authorities at Calcutta on the one hand, and with their Indian subordinates and Sylhetti society on the other, is fully explored. The importance of the process of revenue settlement has been duly recognized and the several revenue settlements of Sylhet in the period 1765 to 1792 have been described. This study is concerned with day to day revenue administration in a difficult and remote frontier tract in a formative period of British rule. British experience in Sylhet had no recognizable impact on general policy, but, by the same token, plans or directives and resolutions emanating from the centre were not as influential in Sylhet as might be thought.
Initial Waves from Deformable Submarine Landslides: A Study on the Separation Time and Parameter Relationships

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earthquake and submarine mass failure are the most frequent causes of tsunami waves. While the process of the tsunami generation by earthquakes is reasonably well understood, the generation of tsunami waves during submarine mass failure is not. Estimates of the energy released during a tsunamigenic earthquake and respective tsunami wave draw a clear picture of the efficiency of the tsunami-generating process. However for submarine landslides, this is not as straightforward because the generation process has never been recorded in nature making energy inferences very difficult. Hence the efficiency of submarine landslide as tsunami generators is yet to be conclusively determined. As the result of this uncertainty, different equations, derived from experimental data or theory, result in leading-wave amplitude that vary over 6 orders of magnitude for the same initial slide conditions. To arrive at more robust estimates of the leading-wave characteristics and associated runup, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the coupling between the slide body and water column needs to be investigated. The duration the water surface deformation is coupled with the slide motion is an essential question to shed light on the energy transfer. A parametric study is conducted with the state of-the-art hydrocode iSALE in order to shed light on this complex geophysical event. The mass, viscosity, and depth of submergence are the particular slide parameters varied and their relationship to runup and decoupling time is analyzed.
Bilayer permeability‐based substrate selectivity of an enzyme in liposomes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Liposomes were prepared from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), which contained the water soluble proteinase α-chymotrypsin. This liposome entrapped enzyme showed selectivity for externally added substrates in that only small substrates (benzoyl-l-Tyr-p-nitroanilide or acetyl-l-Phe-p-nitro-anilide)—for which the liposome bilayer was permeable—were transformed into products. Large substrates (succinyl-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Pro-l-Phe-p-nitroanilide or casein) could not penetrate from the external aqueous phase into the liposomes, and were not hydrolyzed. This substrate selectivity is entirely based on the compartimentation and permeability properties of the liposome microreactor. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Biotechnol. Bioeng. 57: 216–219, 1998.