jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutrition components analysis of Enteromorpha prolifera and its preliminary study on feeding Apostichopus japonicus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study,nutrition components of Enteromorpha prolifera were analyzed and sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) feeding trial was conducted with this seaweed.The result showed that component of water,crude protein,crude fiber,fat and ash were 10.91%,10.22%,8.76%,0.37%,and 18.32% in the dried seaweed.The content of potassium,phosphorus,calcium,iodine,iron,magnesium,zinc,manganese and copper were 26 852.32,498.60,25 648.43,325.62,423.58,7 875.64,20.14,319.80,13.25 mg·kg-1,respectively.It indicated that E.prolifera was a kind of high-protein and low-fat seaweed with abundant mineral elements.It is also a kind of safe seafood as the content of lead,cadmium,inorganic arsenic,methyl mercury and polychlorinated biphenyl were much lower than the dose regulated in algae products health and standard of feed hygiene.During the 30 days feeding trial,four groups of sea cucumbers were fed with mud,dried E.prolifera ∶ mud(mass ratio 3∶7),artificial complex diet ∶ mud(3∶7),dried E.prolifera,respectively.It revealed that the dried E.prolifera ∶ mud(3∶7) group had the highest growth rate and survival rate within the four experimental groups.In contrast,the sea cucumbers fed with mud or dried E.prolifera given poor growth and health conditions.This study proved that E.prolifera had good nutritional function and could be potentially used as high quality feedstuff for sea cucumber culture.
Plasma mediated ablation of biological tissues with nanosecond-to-femtosecond laser pulses: relative role of linear and nonlinear absorption

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasma mediated ablation of collagen gels and porcine cornea was studied at various laser pulse durations in the range of 1 ns-300 fs at 1053-nm wavelength. It was found that pulsed laser ablation of transparent and weakly absorbing gels is always mediated by plasma. On the other hand, ablation of strongly absorbing tissues is mediated by plasma in the ultrashort-pulse range only. Ablation threshold along with plasma optical breakdown threshold decreases with increasing tissue absorbance for subnanosecond pulses. In contrast, the ablation threshold was found to be practically independent of tissue linear absorption for femtosecond laser pulses. The mechanism of optical breakdown at the tissue surface was theoretically investigated. In the nanosecond range of laser pulse duration, optical breakdown proceeds via avalanche ionization initiated by heating of electrons contributed by strongly absorbing impurities at the tissue surface. In the ultrashortpulse range, optical breakdown is initiated by multiphoton ionization of the irradiated medium (six photons in case of tissue irradiated at 1053-nm wavelength), and is less sensitive to linear absorption. High-quality ablation craters with no thermal or mechanical damage to surrounding material were obtained with subpicosecond laser pulses. Experimental results suggest that subpicosecond plasma mediated ablation can be employed as a tool for precise laser microsurgery of various tissues.
Activation of β3-adrenergic receptor by mirabegron prevents aortic dissection/aneurysm by promoting lymphangiogenesis in perivascular adipose tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims β3-Adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is essential for cardiovascular homoeostasis through regulating adipose tissue function. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of aortic dissection and aneurysm (AD/AA). Here, we aim to investigate β3-AR activation-mediated PVAT function in AD/AA. Methods and results Aortas from patients with thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) were collected to detect β3-AR expression in PVAT. ApoE−/− and β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN)-treated C57BL/6 mice were induced with Angiotensin II (AngII) to simulate AD/AA and subsequently received either placebo or mirabegron, a β3-AR agonist. The results demonstrated an up-regulation of β3-AR in PVAT of TAD patients and AD/AA mice. Moreover, activation of β3-AR by mirabegron significantly prevented AngII-induced AD/AA formation in mice. RNA-sequencing analysis of adipocytes from PVAT revealed a notable increase of the lymphangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), in mirabegron-treated mice. Consistently, enhanced lymphangiogenesis was found in PVAT with mirabegron treatment. Mechanistically, the number of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and CD11c+ cells was reduced in PVAT but increased in adjacent draining lymph nodes of mirabegron-treated mice, indicating the improved draining and clearance of inflammatory cells in PVAT by lymphangiogenesis. Importantly, adipocyte-specific VEGF-C knockdown by the adeno-associated virus system restrained lymphangiogenesis and exacerbated inflammatory cell infiltration in PVAT, which ultimately abolished the protection of mirabegron on AD/AA. In addition, the conditional medium derived from mirabegron-treated adipocytes activated the proliferation and tube formation of LECs, which was abrogated by the silencing of VEGF-C in adipocytes. Conclusion Our findings illustrated the therapeutic potential of β3-AR activation by mirabegron on AD/AA, which promoted lymphangiogenesis by increasing adipocyte-derived VEGF-C and, therefore, ameliorated PVAT inflammation.
Tensor Decomposition Through Neural Architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine learning (ML) technologies are currently widely used in many domains of science and technology, to discover models that transform input data into output data. The main advantages of such a procedure are the generality and simplicity of the learning process, while their weaknesses remain the required amount of data needed to perform the training and the recurrent difficulties to explain the involved rationale. At present, a panoply of ML techniques exist, and the selection of a method or another depends, in general, on the type and amount of data being considered. This paper proposes a procedure which provides not a field or an image as an output, but its singular value decomposition (SVD), or an SVD-like decomposition, while injecting as input data scalars or the SVD decomposition of an input field. The result is a tensor-to-tensor decomposition, without the need for the full fields, or an input to an output SVD-like decomposition. The proposed method works for the non-hyper-parallepipedic domain, and for any space dimensionality. The results show the ability of the proposed architecture to link the input filed and output field, without requiring access to full space reconstruction.
VIABILITY ANALYSIS OF A GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN IFRN, CAMPUS JOÃO CÂMARA

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Given the vulnerability of oil prices and the increase in CO2 emissions that impact on the climate and the planet's ecosystems, the use of environmental technologies, such as solar photovoltaic energy, it becomes essential to develop more sustainable economies. This article is a case study of integration of a grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) at the Federal Institute of science and technology of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), campus João Câmara/RN, which aims to use clean and renewable energy such as solar for power generation, contributing to implement environmental sustainability practices and use technology for the benefit of society. As a result, the estimated payback of the return on investment is 11 years and at the end of 20 years, which is the GCPVS useful life, will have a positive net present value (NPV) of R$ 211,670.00, i.e. the system will compensate the amount invested and still provide a rate of return higher than savings rate.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SURFACE DETAIL REPRODUCTION AND EFFECT OF DISINFECTANT AND LONG-TERM STORAGE ON DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF VINYLPOLYETHERSILICONE WITH POLYVINYLSILOXANE AND POLYETHER IMPRESSION MATERIALS- IN-VITRO STUDY

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To compare and evaluate the surface detail reproduction and effect of disinfectant and long-term storage for 2 weeks on the dimensional stability of hybrid material Vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) with its parent Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) and Polyether (PE) impression materials. Methods: All the samples were divided into three groups: Group A- VPES-D, VPES-N; Group B- PVS-D, PVS-N; Group C- PE-D, PE-N. 40 impressions of each material were made according to ADA/ANSI specification no.19 and twenty impressions of each material were disinfected using 2.45% glutaraldehyde solution. Surface quality measurements were made soon after disinfection using stereo-microscope. Dimensional stability measurements were made using measuring microscope immediately after disinfection and were repeated on the same samples after 7 and 14 days of storage. Data were analysed using chi-square test, One-way Anova test followed by Post hoc Tukey?s test. Results: The non-disinfected groups showed greater mean dimensional change values compared to disinfected groups. VPES-D showed the least dimensional changes and the dimensional stability of all the materials were within 0.5% range after prolonged storage for 14 days except for the PE-N which showed greater dimensional change percentage on 14th day of storage.VPES-D and PE-D produced better impressions with surface quality score 1 compared to PVS-D. Also, 18 samples of VPES-N and PE-N scored 1 and only 17 samples of PVS-N scored 1. Conclusion: The newer material VPES was observed to be both dimensionally stable and capable of producing good surface detail reproduction.
A Literary Tour of Ireland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lisa Miller, Instructor from the Department of Library Public Services of WKU, gave a presentation on her frequent trips to Ireland in Helm 100 on the morning of October 28, 2014. Her research interest has led her to many a sight with statues of literary figures of the nation. During her presentation, she gave an overview of some of Ireland's greatest writers, from Dublin, Limerick and the West, and Belfast and the North. Includes an audio file of W.B. Yeats reading "The Lake Isle of Innisfree."
A chemometrics-based approach for the determination of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin) seeds of different geographical regions using the HPLC technique

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Background and Aims: In this study, thymoquinone (TQ) from black cumin will be quantified from several geographical regions, including India, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Turkey. Additionally, to forecast the chromatographic behavior of the analyte in artificial intelligence (AI)-based models, the study used both ensemble machine learning methodologies and chemometrics-based approaches.Methods: An Agilent Technologies (1200 series, USA) instrument that includes an autosampler, a binary pump, a diode array detector (DAD), and a vacuum degasser was used for the HPLC analysis. Using five different single models—principal component regression (PCR), least square-support vector machine (LSSVM), least square boost (LSQ-BOOST), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and step-wise linear regression—the HPLC-DAD technique was used to simulate the qualitative and quantitative properties of TQ (SWLR).Results: The collected results demonstrated that samples from India and Iraq have the highest concentration of TQ. TQ was present in all samples, but in varying amounts; the amounts of TQ in the samples from Iraq, India, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, respectively, were 0.031, 0.030, 0.022, 0.005, and 0.001%. According to a comparison of their performances, the four ensemble machine learning techniques can reproduce the chromatographic properties of TQ, PA, and tR with minimum and maximum NSE-values of 0.842 and 0.999 in the training phase and 0.918 and 0.999 in the testing phase, respectively.Conclusion: The TQ content of each sample of black cumin, which was collected from various geographical locations, was determined quantitatively. The quantity of thymoquinone fluctuates depending on geographic variances, according to HPLC data. Five different AI-based models, including SWLR, PCR, LSSVM, ANFIS, and LSQ-Boost, were used to simulate the chromatographic behavior of TQ information of retention duration and peak area using various independent factors. Additionally, SAE, WAE, NNE, and ANFIS-E are informed by the application of ensemble machine learning to enhance the performance of AI-based models. Comparing the approaches to the individual models, they both demonstrated lower error values in terms of RMSE and MSE.
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Have We Made Any Progress Over the Last 25 Years?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the currently available SCLC treatment options.Describe the benefits of integrating thoracic radiotherapy into SCLC treatment.Identify the limitations of current SCLC treatment options and explain how future clinical trials are addressing these limitations. Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
A Survey of Household Water Use and Groundwater Quality Index Assessment in a Rural Community of Cambodia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To propose an efficient system for addressing water scarcity in a rural area through groundwater use, the information on water consumption and interpretation of groundwater quality are essential for estimating the optimal preparation of the comprehensive water system. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the current household domestic water consumption and groundwater quality index of currently accessed wells in a small rural community of Preyveng province, Cambodia as a practical and beneficial as well as a model for the water resource sector in rural areas. The questionnaire survey was designed as the main instrument for collecting the household water use as face-to-face interviews. The result showed that the average daily water consumption in the Preal commune is about 71 L per capita, which is almost two times lower than the minimum water quantity recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), 150 L/day per capita. Moreover, 100% of the households in this commune heavily rely on groundwater wells for domestic water use and more than 50% confirmed that they used raw groundwater as drinking water without a proposer treatment system. Approximately 70% of the people in Preal wishes to have a clean water supply and more than 80% of the household had a positive willingness to pay for clean water supply. In terms of groundwater quality in the Preal commune, it is mainly contaminated by iron, arsenic, fluoride, and manganese, which are mainly associated with human health effects from daily consumption. About 75% of groundwater wells are presented in poor conditions and were unsuitable for drinking purposes. Lastly, the suitable water treatment and supply should be considered in order to reduce the effects on people’s health as well as to improve living conditions.
Observations on the forward-scattered speckle patterns from healthy human fibroblasts and melanoma cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Confluent monolayers of Malme-3M (ATCC HTB-64) cells, which is a melanoma cell line, and Malme-3 (ATCC HTB-102) cells, which are normal skin fibroblast cells, were cultured and plated onto glass coverslips. The two lines were isolated from the same patient, providing a tumor and normal counterpart for comparative studies. The forward-scattered objective speckle patterns were observed using a HeNe lasers that emitted at 543 and 633 nm. First and second-order speckle statistics from the two cell types were compared and contrasted. Of particular interest were the mean and maximum speckle size for a given observation geometry, degree of polarization, contrast, and the intensity probability distribution function. The speckle patterns from dry, densely-packed single layer latex sphere samples of various sizes were also investigated for comparison. The results indicate that the far-forward speckle patterns from these confluent monolayers can be used to discriminate between the cell types and can be used to derive specific morphological parameters of the cells.
Tick Bite Prevention: Get Naked?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—Following a case of erythema migrans at a Connecticut nudist camp, a request was made to the University of Connecticut Health Center for a physician who was willing to come to the camp and discuss Lyme disease. Not one to miss such an opportunity, I picked a Saturday in August to visit, a time when the camp population swells to over 300 nudists. The nudists come from all over Connecticut to spend weeks or weekends at the camp. Are nudists more vulnerable to tick bites but, perhaps, less vulnerable to developing undetected rashes? The nudist camp had abundant deer, woods, rocks, and grass—an ideal environment for the deer tick (Ixodes dammini). Tick repellant was not used by the nudists. Over the past year there had been one case of physician-diagnosed erythema migrans acquired at the nudist camp. There were no other identified cases of Lyme disease. What
Transmission and reflection of self-assembled hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We studied the optical properties of hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals using spectral photometry. These structures consist of colloidal photonic crystal and gold layer deposited onto its surface. The samples of plasmonic-photonic crystals prepared with relatively simple method allow to observe different effects. Several peaks in the transmission spectra corresponding to the extraordinary transmission were investigated. The extraordinary transmission which depends on the angle of light incidence and polarization suggests the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. An extraordinary reflection was also observed.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF SMALL BUSINESS IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDIATISATION (UKRAINIAN CASES OF THE MARTIAL LAW PERIOD)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the context of martial law, modern business in Ukraine requires the development and constant updating of effective strategies to support small enterprises. This article examines the role of information and communication tools in the context of mediatisation, digitalisation, and socio-political challenges. The study aims to identify and analyse the communication strategies and external communication tools used by small enterprises during martial law. To achieve this, the study focuses on small restaurant businesses, specifically coffee houses in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, in times of uncertainty. The paper conducts a discourse analysis of communication practices of Ukrainian small enterprises, a case study of Zaporizhzhia coffee houses, a comparative analysis to compare the information and communication activities of these enterprises, and uses methods of classification and systematisation. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is that the paper proposes a systematisation of the views of European scholars on communication tools for supporting small businesses. Research on information and communication tools for supporting small businesses during martial law has the potential to contribute to the preservation and support of small enterprises. Furthermore, such research can also help to establish work, speed up work processes, reduce costs and preserve jobs in difficult conditions of military conflict. The results of the study can be used to substantiate political and economic decisions to support small businesses during martial law. The analysis of the impact of information and communication tools, and the development of strategies for their utilisation, can serve as the foundation for the creation of programmes, thereby playing a pivotal role in the support and regulation of small businesses. It has been determined that a detailed study in this area can contribute to the development of new innovative solutions and improve the effectiveness of support for enterprises in wartime. It is evident that small businesses play a pivotal role in the economic development and job creation of a nation. The effective operation of these enterprises has a considerable impact on the state's economy, contributing to the development of employment opportunities in the field of information and communication technologies.
What European Incubators can learn from their American counterparts: An analysis of the critical success factors for a startup incubator

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany This study suggests a theoretical component to the thus far proposed explanations of what makes a startup incubator successful in enabling entrepreneurial activity. Departing from a traditional focus on industry- and nation-wide resources, we develop a framework of the critical success factors for a startup incubator and a scoring mechanism to evaluate the success of existing startup incubators using these factors. We score a selection of American and European incubators using the developed scoring mechanism and comparatively benchmark the European incubators against the American ones to identify areas for improvement. Our findings suggest that European incubators, while relatively strong overall, can look to and learn from their American counterparts in certain areas. Importantly, these improvement areas are not specific to characteristics of any individual European incubator, but to European incubators overall. Finally, we aim to expand this study to other entrepreneurship hubs worldwide and we outline a plan of action to enable this expansion.
A review of statistical methods in projecting diabetes prevalence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: NCDs pose a growing health challenge in Africa and compounded by the burden of communicable disease. There is an increased prevalence of prediabetes with 25% of them progressing to type 2 diabetes. We sought out to determine the prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes and evaluate the predictors of prediabetes in adults in Kenya. Methods: Using the WHO Stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance, a population-based, nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2015 on participants aged 18u201369 years. A multi-stage cluster sample design and weighting were used. Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting blood glucose of 6.1 mmol/l to less than 7 mmol/l while diabetes was defined as impaired fasting blood glucose of 7 mmol/l or more. We assessed the prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes and univariate analysis was done. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of prediabetes and diabetes. Results: A total of 4163 respondents, prevalence of 7% are prediabetes and 2% for diabetes. For prediabetes and diabetes females were 59% and 66% respectively. Age group of 18 u2013 29 years had 32% being prediabetes. The rural respondents had 62% prediabetes and 45% had education level of secondary and above. Of the diabetics 91% had their blood sugars out of control.). Multivariate analysis age groups of 50-59 (aOR 2.9, CI=2.03, 4.19), daily alcohol consumption (aOR 2.94, CI=1.53, 5.65) and obesity (aOR 2.55, CI=1.72, 3.77) remained independent significant predictors associated with prediabetes. For diabetes the multivariate analysis age groups of 50-59 (aOR 16.09, CI=6.93, 37.38), fourth wealth band (aOR 2.59, CI=1.14, 5.91) and overweight (aOR 1.96, CI=1.05, 3.63) remained independent significant predictors. Conclusion: Kenyan adults have a high prevalence of prediabetes, majority of the cases are females and reside in rural areas. Prominent predictors are daily alcohol consumption, overweight and central obesity. It is recommended that primary healthcare approaches for essential care for NCDs to promote healthy lifestyles, early detection, treatment and control.