jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Industry Practitioners’ Perceptions for the Activation of AI in the Domestic Construction Sector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

최근 국내 건설산업은 스마트건설 기조에 따라 AI(Artificial Intelligence, 이하 AI) 기반 스마트 기술 도입을 시도하고 있다. 전 산업에서의 AI 활용 생태계 조성을 위해 정부는 인공지능 국가전략 등 정책을 추진해 왔으나 업계수요와 실태의 반영이 부족하다는 한계점이 제기되었으며, 특히 건설산업에 특화된 AI 정책과 제도가 부재한 상황이다. 본 연구는 국내 건설산업의 AI 활성화 전략 수립을 위한 기초연구로, 건설 업무단계별 AI 동향을 파악하고 건설분야 AI 도입과 수요에 대한 실무자 인식 수준을 진단하기 위해 건설업계 실무자 107명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실무자 인식 분석 결과, 국내 건설업계는 AI 도입에 긍정적이며 2030년 이후인 시점에 AI가 활성화될 것으로 전망하고 있다. 현 AI 기술 수준에서 AI는 단순 보조적인 업무 지원의 수단으로 인식되며, 실무에 필요한 AI 적용 업무단계는 기획 · 설계단계, 유지관리단계, 시공단계 순으로 나타났다. 또한, AI 도입 · 활용 시 대표적인 장애요인은 건설에 특화된 양질의 학습용 데이터와 솔루션 부족, 전문 인력 및 인식 부족, AI 결과물에 대한 신뢰성 우려로 나타났다. 이러한 장애요인을 공공차원에서 정책적으로 해결하기 위한 방안으로 AI 기반 업무수행 법적 근거, AI 인프라, AI 신뢰성 및 품질검증과 실증 환경을 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 기관에서 AI 도입 및 활용전략 방향 설정 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The domestic construction industry is attempting to introduce smart technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) in line with smart construction trends. However, current national AI policies and strategies have limitations in addressing industry demands and conditions. Moreover, there is a lack of specialized AI policies and systems for the construction sector. To address these issues, 107 construction industry practitioners were surveyed to understand AI trends in each construction stage and assess their perceptions of its adoption and demand. The survey revealed a positive outlook for AI implementation in the construction industry, with expectations of implementation after 2030. In its current state, AI technology is seen as a basic and auxiliary means of supporting tasks, and the practical stages of AI implementation were identified as planning and design, maintenance, and construction. Obstacles to AI adoption included a scarcity of high-quality construction-specific training data, limited solutions, a shortage of skilled personnel, low awareness, and concerns about reliability. Proposed policy areas involve establishing legal frameworks for AI-based tasks, developing AI infrastructure, and ensuring AI reliability and quality verification in test-bed environment. The findings are expected to provide foundational data for institutions planning to introduce and utilize AI in the construction industry.
Diversity in lithic raw material sources on New Britain, Papua New Guinea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The nature of chert exposures in the Passismanua area of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea is reviewed in light of reports of worked seams of chert in five caves. Extraction of chert at one cave, Ale, began within the last 3,000 years, but such exposures have been used from the late Pleistocene onwards. The nature and quality of the exposures would often have placed severe constraints on the production of flaked tools. The chert sources are compared with those of obsidian on the north side of New Britain, highlighting the potential advantages and problems of each. A small group of finely made stemmed chert tools is identified as potentially valuables similar to stemmed obsidian tools of the Willaumez Peninsula obsidian source region. While the chert examples differ in aspects of technology and form, they share with the obsidian forms the concept of bifacially‐worked stems and were made during the same period. This is seen as indicating social relationships between the two areas during the middle Holocene comparable to that recently proposed between Manus and New Britain.
PENGARUH MENGKONSUMSI AIR HANGAT SEBELUM PEMBERIAN NEBULIZER TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KELANCARAN JALAN NAPAS PADA PASIEN ASMA BRONKIAL

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Warm drinking water is one of the non-pharmacological therapies that can have an oxygenation effect on the body, especially in the respiratory organs so that it can help clear the airway in bronchial asthma patients who experience respiratory problems due to obstruction or other trigger factors such as allergic reactions, viral infections, and air pollution. Warm drinking water is the right therapy for bronchial asthma patients because by drinking warm water the particles trigger tightness and the liquid or mucus in the bronchioles will be broken down. Nebulizer is one of the inhalations with the administration of drugs in the form of steam that is given through inhalation, the nebulizer can help provide relaxation to help loosen breathing in bronchial asthma patients. This goal is to see the smoothness of the airway before and after in the two groups with treatment treatment in the intervention group and not giving treatment to the control group. The population in this study were bronchial asthma patients who were treated at the Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. The results of the study with the Paired Sample statistical test t-test design of airway smoothness in the intervention group value (p value = 0.000 <α = 0.05), while in the control group the value (p value = 0.920> α = 0.05) was obtained. The conclusion of this study is that consuming warm water before offering a nebulizer to bronchial asthma patients can help smoothen the patient's airway
Retinal blood oxygen saturation and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in early diabetic retinopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the most common microvascular complication of diabetes; both its high prevalence and associated high risk of vision loss lead it to the major global health burden. Despite significant research efforts, there still remains much of the underlying pathology not fully understand. In the past studies, inner retinal blood flow disturbances are widely assessed as a potential biomarker of DR. However, the results have been variable and even contradictory. Improved methods to figure out the metabolic disturbances associated with DR are essential. Some research showed that both vascular endothelial growth factor-A and blood oxygen saturation are higher in DR patients and correlated with disease severity. Therefore, we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to find out the connection of them and provide robust evidence on the mechanism underlying this connection to help us better understand the pathophysiology behind the hypoxic retina and find better ways to treat DR. Methods: This study will be conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will do electronic searches from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, CNKI, and VIP database. Two reviewers will screen all the references independently and any disagreement will be solved by the third involvement. All data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers according to a standardized data extraction sheet. Based on the type of studies, 2 reviewers will independently use different scales to assess the risk of bias. Any disagreements and conflicts will be resolved by discussing it with a third reviewer. We will conduct a random-effects meta-analysis. Individual and pooled odds ratios/relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals will be calculated as well as between-study heterogeneity. The potential for publication bias will also be evaluated. If possible, we will explore reasons for potential between-study heterogeneity. Results: This study is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis without results. Associated data analysis will be carried out after the protocol. Conclusion: The protocol aims to guide a meta-analysis whose purpose is investigating the association between retinal blood oxygen saturation and vascular endothelial growth factors in patients with early DR and trying to find out the mechanism that the changing of retinal oxygen saturation in patients with DR. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202040161
Economy Profile of United Arab Emirates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Sixteenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2019 covers 11 areas of business regulation. Ten of these areas - starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency - are included in the ease of doing business score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in these two measures. Doing Business provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies and selected cities at the subnational and regional level. This economy profile presents indicators for United Arab Emirates; for 2019 United Arab Emirates ranks 11.
Characterization and Classification of Soils from Southern Agro-climatic Zones of Karnataka, South India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The climate change and land degradation are both individually and in combination have profound influence on natural resource based livelihood systems and societal groups, but this land degradation is caused by land use changes and unsustainable management. The different land use systems practiced in southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka have significant impact on soil carbon and fertility status of soils, a study was carried out to characterize and classify the soils of southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Five pedons, one from each agro-climatic zone from cultivated land use were selected for the study. Soils of Hiriyur pedons were moderately shallow and rest were deep to very deep, red, well drained and appreciable amount of gravels were observed in all the pedons. Clay illuviation in sub-soil layers was observed hence sub-soil layer contained more clay than surface. The soil texture varied from sandy clay loam to sandy clay and clay. Bulk density of soil varied from 0.86 to 1.86 Mgm-3 in the surface. In all the profiles, bulk density increased with depth. Soil reaction varied from very strongly acidic to moderately acidic in Balehonnur and Brahmavara, moderately acidic to neutral in Hassan and Tiptur, neutral to moderately alkaline in Hiriyur. Cation exchange capacity was low and exchange complex was dominated by hydrogen and aluminum. Dominant cations were calcium and magnesium hence base saturation was high in the pedons due to leaching of bases and deposition in sub-surface horizons within the solum except in Brahmvara and Balehonnur was observed.
Molecular weight in detergent solution of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Acetylcholine receptor extracted in detergent solution from the electric tissue of Torpedo californica and purified by affinity chromatography contains predominantly two molecular weight species. These have been separated by sedimentation in a sucrose density gradient, and their molecular properties have been determined by sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity measurements in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The molecular weights of these species have been determined, without prior determination of the extent of detergent bound to them, by the adjustment of solvent density with D2O so as to blank out the contribution of bound detergent to the sedimentation potential. The molecular weights of the protein moieties are 250 000 and 500 000. Since these species are identical in specific activity and polypeptide composition they are related as monomer and dimer. The hydrodynamic properties of the detergent complexes of monomer and dimer were derived from combined measurements of sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity. The S20,w'S are 8.6 S and 12.8 S and the Stokes radii are 7.3 nm and 9.5 nm. For both monomer and dimer, the ratio of the Stokes radius to the minimum possible radius for the protein-detergent complex falls outside the range of values for globular proteins.
A systematic review of intervention studies aimed at improving nutrition literacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nutrition literacy is a relatively nascent field and is a subset of health literacy, often being interchangeably referred to as nutrition literacy, nutritional health literacy or food literacy. Current interventions in nutrition literacy vary from one-another in terms of their scope, theories used, intervention methods and measurement tools used in conducting the study, hence, it is challenging to compare results in order to further the knowledge boundary of the field. The main objective of this review, thus, is to understand in qualitative detail how past interventions were structured in achieving their aim of improving the nutrition literacy of the participants through nutrition education. This review will contribute to the growing field of nutrition education and literacy by highlighting effective theoretical underpinnings and techniques that can be employed in future interventions aimed at raising the nutrition literacy of the participants. A structured way of approaching future nutrition interventions is suggested drawing from the integration of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) developed by Bandura (1998) and the strategic areas of persuasive communication proposed by Gillespie (1999). Operationalization of the knowledge variable through defining the participant competencies in terms of functional, interactive and critical nutrition literacy is explored and applications of this exploration to future interventions is proposed.
Significance of the N-terminal fragment of myosin regulatory light chain for myosin-actin interaction.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The influence of myosin regulatory light chains (LC2s) lacking the 2kD N-terminal portions of these chains, on internal organization of myosin heads and on actin-myosin interaction was studied with limited proteolysis and polarized fluorescence methods. For these studies heavy meromyosin (HMM) preparations were used: HMM containing intact LC2s (phosphorylated or dephosphorylated) and HMM containing LC2s lacking the 2kD N-terminal portions (including serine which can be phosphorylated). It was found that the susceptibility of the heavy chain cleavage site to trypsin and the alkali light chain (LC1) site to papain of myosin containing shortened regulatory LC2s, is not dependent on saturation of LC2s with Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. This is in contrast to the myosin containing intact LC2s where Ca2+ or Mg2+ ion saturation does demonstrate a dependence. Similarly, in spectroscopic experiments, dephosphorylated HMM containing intact LC2s causes decrease or increase of actin filament flexibility depending on whether Mg2+ or Ca2+ are bound to LC2s. Correspondingly, HMM with shortened LC2s induces only increase of actin flexibility despite cations being bound. We conclude that the N-terminal fragment of LC2 is important for ensuring a proper Ca2+ dependent conformation of myosin head in the course of its actin-activated ATP hydrolysis.
Distribution of Aquaporins 1 and 4 in the Central Nervous System.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aquaporins (AQP), a protein family, were first discovered in the early 1990s. The primary role of aquaporins is to facilitate water transport across multiple cell types. In the spinal cord and brain responsible for most of the water diffusion are AQP4 and AQP1. In this paper, we describe the structure, localization and role of this water channel family, especially AQP4 and AQP1. AQP4 is involved in various pathologies such as: stroke, brain tumors, Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's Disease, hydrocephalus, schizophrenia, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, autism. Brain edema is the most important acute complication of the hypoxic-ischemic and it has no pathogenic treatment. Imaging and histopathology studies have shown that inhibition of AQP4 reduces brain edema.
High in vitro production of ant-canceric indole alkaloids from periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus) tissue culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medical and ornamental plants in the world. In this investigation, periwinkle seeds, after sterilization were cultured on MS medium. Petiole segments of seedlings (4 day old) were subcultured to medium containing various concentrations of NAA accompanied with Kin and subcultured to regenerate the callus and root. Callus and roots were obtained from petioles in some of treatments. The extracts of callus and roots from different treatments were analyzed by spectrophotometer, TLC and HPLC with respect to the indole alkaloids producing capacity. Alkaloids were produced callus and roots from petiole of C. roseus in the presence of 0.1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l Kin and NAA. MS with 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l Kin had the highest vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and root organogenesis capacity. But the level of these alkaloids and ajmalicine were very low compared to that in petiole of intact plant, and the level of serpentine was similar. New roots, callus roots, and callus from MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l Kin were subcultured in hormone-free and 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l Kin media and for organogenesis and growth. The most alkaloids amount was produced in new roots and callus roots. The indole alkaloid levels of new roots in new media were higher than in petioles of intact plants. In this study, 10-fold catharanthine, 125-fold serpentine, 0.5-fold vindoline and 0.34-fold ajmalicine were produced by new roots. The most interesting result was presentation of two important ant-cancer dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine with amounts of 20-fold vinblastine and 6-fold vincristine to compare that in the petioles of intact plants.
Presence of Viral dsRNA molecules in the Spanish population of Gremmeniella abietina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina has commonly been pointed out as a species complex, which includes different races and biotypes. Among them, the Spanish population seems to be a unique population derived from type A. Furthermore, G. abietina is known to harbour infections and co-infections of putative mycoviruses belonging to different families. In particular, G. abietinatype A harbours putative members of families Totiviridae and Partitiviridae but also Narnaviridae, with members of genus Mitovirus. In case of G. abietina type B, a novel putative virus with endornavirus affinities has also been identified. Different types of G. abietina seem to host a divergent virus community. So, ninety-one isolates of the Spanish G. abietina were analyzed to check out the presence of viral dsRNA molecules. Thus, the 89% of Spanish isolates presented at least one dsRNA molecule, which is a significant frequency. Overall, eight dsRNA banding patterns were detected, suggesting the occurrence of putative members of different virus genera as Partitivirus, Mitovirus and Totivirus. This is the first approach to the study of fungal mycoviruses in the Spanish population of G. abietina.

Key words: Gremmeniella, mycovirus, host, dsRNA, taxonomy.
Older African Americans and Other Black Populations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Black elderly population (i.e. African Americans, Caribbean and African immigrants) aged 65 years or older comprises the largest group of elders of color in the United States. Growth in population size, as well as in age and cultural diversity, of the Black elderly population, presents both challenges and opportunities for effective service delivery by social workers to these Americans. This chapter addresses the special concerns of social work practice with older Blacks while taking into account the ethnic diversity within the U.S. Black elderly population. In order to address such concerns, it is essential to preface them with a discussion on certain salient issues in empirical literature on the older Black population. These issues, which form major subheadings in this chapter, include: the expansion and subsequent cultural heterogeneity of the older Black population; social, demographic, and economic characteristics; physical health and mental health status, as well as access to health care; and family, church, and religion as sources of informal support to older Blacks.
Postmenopausal response to angiotensin II‐induced hypertension is blunted during perimenopause: a study in the accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) model of menopause

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A female's risk of developing hypertension (HTN) increases dramatically after menopause. This study aimed to investigate the onset of ANG II‐induced HTN in the AOF model of menopause (VCD model). The AOF model preserves a perimenopausal period in mice, which is increasingly recognized as a critical timeframe for the treatment and prevention of diseases. We hypothesized that ANG II‐infusion would elicit a differential response when administered in peri vs postmenopause and examined the cardiovascular and renal impact. Female VCD treated BL/6 mice (peri and postmenopause) received 800 ng/kg/min ANG II via osmotic mini‐pump for 10 days. ANG II elicited a significant increase in MAP in postmenopausal females (ANG/POST) vs cycling females (C 105 vs ANG 128 vs ANG/POST 143 mmHg, P<0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in MAP in the perimenopause study; ANG II increased MAP in cycling and PERI groups (~126 mmHg). AQP2 protein expression significantly decreased in the renal cortex of ANG/POST mice alone (C 100 vs ANG 98 vs ANG/POST 78%). Renal inflammation, measured by ICAM‐1and F4/80 staining, increased in ANG/POST vs all other groups. Cardiac collagen volume fraction significantly increased in ANG/POST vs ANG (C 0.36 vs ANG 1.36 vs ANG/POST 2.94%). Our data suggests that the perimenopause to menopause transition is a key stage in the loss of a female's protection against developing HTN, and renal and CV complications.
Demonstration of cell‐mediated immunity to human neoplasms of various histological types

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a total of 373 tumor patients were tested by either a colony inhibition or a cytotoxicity test for cell‐mediated immunity against human neoplasms of various histological types. Lymphocytes from 51 of 59 patients studied (88%) either reduced colony numbers formed by plated autochthonous tumor cells or were cytotoxic to them, and lymphocytes from 78 of 87 patients tested (89%) had a similar effect on allogeneic tumor cells of the same histological type as those of the lymphocyte donors. Evidence indicating antigenic cross‐reactivity between tumors of the same histological type was obtained for the following seven groups of neoplasms: malignant melanomas, carcinomas of the colon, breast, testis, endometrium and ovary, and various sarcomas. Lymphocytes affecting tumor cells had no effect on normal cells from the same patient, or on cells from other types of neoplasms than the target cells under study. The degree of cell‐mediated immunity, as detectable with the techniques employed, was approximately the same in patients having active neoplastic disease as in patients who were clinically symptom‐free. Eleven of 12 patients who were tested after having been symptom‐free for more than 2 years had a lymphocyte‐mediated anti‐tumor immunity.