jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Utilization and Outcomes of Exposure Therapy in Child and Adolescent Usual Care

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Exposure-based therapy approaches are efficacious for a range of youth anxiety, avoidance, and related problems. However, exposure is frequently underused and there is little or no difference in effectiveness between exposure-based interventions and usual care on anxiety-related problems. The present study examined the rate and patterns of exposure therapy use and the relationship between exposure use and treatment progress in youth receiving public mental health services in Hawai‘i from 2006-2015. Therapist-reported treatment characteristics, therapist and client variables, and other outcome data were examined using two cross-classification modeling approaches. First, a cross-classified logistic regression determined predictors of exposure use in anxiety-related treatment cases. A second cross-classified regression model then examined whether anxiety-related treatment progress was predicted by amount of exposure use after controlling for other variables. Of 6,616 treatment episodes in which an anxiety-related problem was addressed at any time during treatment, exposure was used in only 1,372 (20.7%). Exposure was more likely to be used when fewer externalizing problems were also targeted, in more recent years, and when anxiety seemed a more salient problem (such as when a youth experienced increased emotional impairment, when multiple anxiety-related problems were targeted within an episode, and when a youth carried an anxiety-related diagnosis). Contrary to expectations, therapist doctorate degree was not associated with exposure use. Four or more months of exposure in an episode was associated with higher anxiety-related treatment progress. This association occurred primarily in the community-based residential treatment setting, and persisted after accounting for other significant predictors of improved anxiety-related outcomes (longer episodes, greater number of other practices, fewer treatment months in which externalizing problems were targeted, and several variables indicative of lower impairment). These findings suggest that while usual care therapists underutilize exposure, conditions predicting its increased likelihood of use appear well-considered and appropriate. Further, dissemination efforts have likely been helpful in increasing exposure utilization in this system of care. However, any treatment improvement associated with exposure use appears contingent on a specific set of circumstances suggestive of sufficient duration of implementation and possibly when barriers to treatment success are attenuated. Practice and future research implications are discussed.
Data from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>With recent advancements in personalized medicine, biopsies must contain sufficient tumor for histologic diagnosis and molecular testing. However, inadvertent biopsy of tumor-associated fibrosis compromises tumor yield, resulting in delayed diagnoses and/or repeat procedures when additional tumor is needed. The ability to differentiate tumor from fibrosis intraprocedurally during biopsy could significantly increase tumor yield. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is an imaging modality that is endoscope- and/or needle-compatible, and provides large volumetric views of tissue microstructure with high resolution (∼10 μm) while simultaneously measuring birefringence of organized tissues such as collagen. We aim to determine whether PS-OCT can accurately detect and distinguish tumor-associated fibrosis from tumor.</p>Experimental Design:<p>PS-OCT was obtained <i>ex vivo</i> in 64 lung nodule samples. PS-OCT birefringence was measured and correlated to collagen content in precisely matched histology, quantified on picrosirius red (PSR) staining.</p>Results:<p>There was a strong positive correlation between PS-OCT measurement of birefringent fibrosis and total collagen content by PSR (<i>r</i> = 0.793; <i>P</i> < 0.001). In addition, PS-OCT was able to accurately classify tumor regions with >20% fibrosis from those with low fibrosis (≤20%) that would likely yield higher tumor content (<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</p>Conclusions:<p>PS-OCT enables accurate fibrosis detection and can distinguish tumor regions with low fibrosis. PS-OCT has significant potential for clinical impact, as the ability to differentiate tumor from fibrosis could be used to guide intraprocedural tissue sampling <i>in vivo</i>, or for rapid biopsy adequacy assessment <i>ex vivo</i>, to increase diagnostic tumor yield essential for patient care and research.</p></div>
Conservation Tillage of Winter Broccoli in a Semi-arid Subtropical Environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Winter broccoli ( Brassica oleracea , L. Botrytis Group) production was evaluated under three tillage systems, conventional (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-till (NT), which were established in Aug. 1994. Cotton, followed by a legume, preceded broccoli in the yearly rotation. After three growing seasons, marketable broccoli yields were similar among tillage systems, but plant densities at harvest were lower in the NT system compared to the CT-grown broccoli plants. No-till-grown broccoli heads compensated for stand differences by producing slightly larger heads ( P = 0.17). The percent marketable yield was not affected by tillage practice. Floret NO 3 , chlorophyll, and carotenoid concentrations were reduced when broccoli was grown by conservation tillage (MT and NT). At the end of the third growing season, the amount of germinable weed seeds in the upper 0-5 cm of soil was highest in the NT soil. Total plant weed populations were higher in conservation tilled soil. Total N, K, and Mg concentrations in the upper 30-cm soil profile were highest in the NT system. Total N, C, K, Mg, and P nutrient gradients were greatest in NT soil, whereas Na concentrations were greatest in CT soils. Min. tillage responses were generally intermediate to those of CT and NT.
The Importance of In-Vitro Susceptibility Testing in the Management of Compromised Hosts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bacterial infection may be a life-threatening complication in the immunocompromised host, especially in the face of profound and persistent granulocytopenia induced by cytotoxicity. Under these circumstances, antibiotic therapy is started on an empirical basis; however, knowledge of the antibiotic susceptibilities of the offending pathogen may represent a useful guide for therapy adjustments in individuals who do not respond satisfactorily to initial antibiotics. Careful antimicrobial susceptibility testing may also represent the first step of epidemiology investigations of nosocomial outbreaks; moreover, knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the prevalent pathogens in certain institutions may help clinicians to formulate empiric antimicrobial treatments for febrile granulocytopenic patients. Careful quantitative studies involving determinations of the minimal inhibitory concentrations may help to evidence early, potentially clinically significant decreases in susceptibility to first choice antibiotics for important nosocomial pathogens. Relationship between appropriate or inappropriate treatment, based on in-vitro susceptibility testing results, and clinical outcome may help to define the clinical significance of some emerging bacterial pathogens in immunocompromised patients.
Genome plasticity and sexual differentiation in Plasmodium.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Spontaneous subtelomeric deletions of Plasmodium chromosomes have been observed both in natural infections and in laboratory maintained parasites. In the latter case, functions dispensable for asexual parasite multiplication and encoded at the extremities of the chromosomes are easily lost. In particular, spontaneous subtelomeric deletions have been characterised which affect gametocytogenesis both in Plasmodium berghei maintained in laboratory animals and in Plasmodium falciparum propagated in in vitro cultures. In order to identify these genetic determinants, and, potentially, other genes located subtelomerically, we designed a transfection system able to induce and select for controlled, site-specific subtelomeric deletions.
The absorption of essential nutrient elements by apple trees in water culture (III)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1) Continuing to the previous reports on the water culture studies of apple tree, experiments were carried out on the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium determined during the leaf fall period from Novem-ber to April of the years 1951_??_1957. Apple varieties used were American Summer Pearmain, Jonathan and Rall's Janett, and these trees were two-year old in the first year and become older by years. 2) Although the absorption of nitrogen and phos-phofus was limited to very little quantity in se-vere winter, before and after of which their absorbed quantity was relatively high. As for potassium, its appreciable amount was discharged by the roots from the later November to the end of the March. 3) The absorbed amount of nitrogen and phos-phorus per unit weight during the leaf fall period decreased as the tree ages increase, especially with phosphorus. The potassium and calcium absorption in this period was minus in each year, but magnesium absorbed very slightly. 4) The rate of nitrogen absorption in the leaf fall period (five months) to annual absorption was about five per cent and slightly higher rate was observed an phosphorus (5_??_8 per cent).
Illuminated Vehicle Logos - Investigation on Potential Distraction and Their Influence on Road Safety

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The current development of automotive lighting strives towards more and more lighting installations on vehicles. Additionally, to that, manufacturers start animating these lighting installations as coming home or leaving home greetings from the car to the driver.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In a previous paper we have shown, that these additional animations are in fact not distracting to other road users and when used correctly, e.g. in a sequential turn indicator, can be beneficial to the overall traffic safety.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study then aims to investigate the potential influence of illuminated logos on road safety. European lawmakers forbid the use of illuminated advertisements on vehicles to minimize the danger of distraction for other road users and thereby negatively influencing traffic safety. As of now, active illumination of the manufacturer’s logo is considered an advertisement.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For this, a test vehicle was setup with two high luminance monitors, one at the front, one at the back, capable of producing 4000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. With this, it was possible to efficiently vary size, form and illuminance between the logos to find a suitable range for illuminated logos. This vehicle with an illuminated logo at front and back was driven past each test subject, and their attention and distraction was measured. Additionally, a questionnaire was answered after the study to find the test subject’s objective opinions and evaluations of the illuminated logos.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results for gaze tracking show no significant differences in fixations between an illuminated logo and currently allowed light signatures. Showing an actual advertisement with different colors however, led to a significant increase in the number of fixations on the passing vehicle as well as an increase on the gaze duration on the passing vehicle. Even clearer than the objective results is the subjective evaluation. Here the light signatures with the illuminated logos were not only rated as non-distracting and were not perceived as advertisements but were also found to be more pleasing to the subjects.</div></div>
The establishment and spread of <i>Euphorbia graminea</i> Jacq. in sugarcane fields of Miyako islands Okinawa prefecture, Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

メキシコ原産であるトウダイグサ科のカワリバトウダイ(Euphorbia graminea Jacq.)は,日本でも沖縄本島のうるま市で2004年に確認された外来種であり,近年においても,沖縄県の離島である宮古島の各所でカワリバトウダイの生育を観察し,サトウキビ圃場への侵入を確認した。そこで,宮古島地域でのサトウキビ圃場におけるカワリバトウダイの分布状況およびその推移を把握するため,標本調査,過去に行われた植生調査の確認を実施し,現地調査を2017~2018年および2019年の2回に渡って行った。その結果,宮古島地域では2007年に初めて確認され,5年ほどで分布を拡大しながらサトウキビ圃場に侵入し,10年ほどで一部の離島を除くほぼ全域に広がり,2019年には宮古島地域のサトウキビ圃場全体の20~30%で確認された。本調査結果から,宮古島地域ではカワリバトウダイが既にサトウキビ圃場における主要な雑草の一つとなっており,また本地域において短期間で急速に分布拡大をしたことから,他地域においてもサトウキビ圃場における主要な雑草となる可能性があり,注視していく必要がある。
Design and Analysis of Electric Power Production Unit for Low Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoir Applications

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The subject of this paper is the design analysis of a single well power production unit from low enthalpy geothermal resources. A complexity of the project is defined by a low temperature heat source that usually makes such projects economically disadvantageous using the conventional binary power plant approach. A proposed new compact design is numerically analyzed. This paper describes a thermodynamic analysis, a working fluid choice, downhole heat exchanger (DHE) and turbine calculation results. The unit is able to produce 321 kW of electric power from a low enthalpy underground heat source utilizing n-Pentane as a working fluid. A geo-pressured reservoir located in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, USA is selected as a prototype for the field application. With a brine temperature of 126℃, the optimal length of DHE is determined as 304.8 m (1000ft). All units (pipes, turbine, and pumps) are chosen from commercially available parts to bring this project closer to the industry requirements. Numerical calculations are based on petroleum industry standards. The project is sponsored by the Department of Energy of the US.
Punish and Expel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 2006, the British government began to transform its prison system. Under pressure to find and deport 'foreigners,' the Prison Service started to isolate non-citizens in special prisons, and to detain people well beyond their criminal sentences. These developments reflect a broader trend in punishment. In an era of mass mobility, prisons produce and police the edges of the nation. This book offers an empirical account of the prison's purpose. Drawing on a year of fieldwork, this book argues that the British government uses penal institutions to craft a particular, and increasingly exclusionary, notion of political membership. The book takes readers inside citizenship classes and 'all foreign' facilities, linking contemporary prisons to the history of British colonialism and the politics of race. In seven vivid chapters, this book challenges readers to rethink their approach to prisons, and to the people held inside them.
The origin of circulating microbial DNA in the blood: where does it come from?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The potential sources of cmDNA in the blood are not mutually exclusive and may be multifaceted, depending on an individual's health condition, sampling time, and contamination control. In-depth study of these sources will open new avenues for early disease detection, precise diagnosis, and prognosis assessment, and encourage further exploration in this promising field.
The relationship between empathy and support for rule changes intended to reduce the rates of concussions in the National Football League

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Concussions can have daunting and relentless consequences. They are relatively common in sport, especially football (Kontos et al., 2004; Mack et al., 2021). Many concussions occur annually in sport; thus, research surrounding concussion prevention is imperative (Schweizer & Baker, 2022). One way to prevent concussions is to implement rules that make the game safer for the players. However, people, particularly fans may differ in their willingness to support such rule changes. Research suggests that empathy motivates individuals to engage in prosocial health behaviours (Masten et al., 2011). The aim of my research was to determine if fans are more supportive of concussion preventative rule changes if they feel more empathic toward athletes suffering from concussions. I conducted two studies to test the association between empathy and support for these rule changes. Study 1 tested a correlational relationship between National Football League (NFL) fans’ support for concussion preventative rule changes and their levels of empathy. The results supported the hypothesis that there was a positive correlation between support for rule changes and empathy. A second study was conducted to further explore the causal relationship between empathy and support for rule changes. Study 2 was an experimental study in which fans indicated their levels of support for concussion preventative rule changes in the NFL. However, prior to making these ratings, some participants read a scenario of an athlete who had suffered a concussion while following empathy-inducing instructions (empathy condition), some read the scenario while being instructed to keep an objective focus (objective condition), some read the scenario without any prior instructions (no instruction condition), and some did not read any scenario (control condition). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the four groups on levels of support for the rule changes. However, through an exploratory contrast analysis, results showed that participants who had read the athlete scenario reported greater support for the rule changes compared to those who had not. This research provides insight into how empathy can be used to create support for rule changes aimed at reducing concussions in the NFL.
Studies on adult mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis in a pig farm in Selangor, Malaysia.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mosquito collections were carried out for a period of one year from January to December 1992 in a pig farm in Sungai Pelek, Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 41,022 mosquitos belonging to 52 species and 20 genera were collected. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus, the important vectors, comprised 63% of all mosquitos collected. Both these species were collected in large numbers during the wet months of May and December. The other predominant species in that area were Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. sitiens, Aedes butleri, and Armigeres subalbatus.
Military Professionalism: The Army Officer of the 90s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Performance and behavior standards required of the professional Army officer have been with the Army system for over 200 years. Most officers have been successful in maintaining these standards at a high and acceptable level; some have not. The 1990s will present many challenges, both old and new, to the Army officer. A much small Army, a reduced budget, a forever-changing world threat, and the continuing need for advanced technology, all warrant the best efforts from the officer corps. In addition, the officer's ability to work effectively with the political infrastructure on the needs of the Army is becoming important. The need for increased technical competence in key areas will require the professional officer to exhibit great versatility. The professional officer may be required to perform as a warrior, a technologist, and as a politically astute person. These skill-related standard are critical, but they are not the only ones required of a professional. Qualitative standards such as ethical behavior, moral conduct, and caring leadership also play an integral part in an officer's everyday responsibilities.
Landscape Movements by Two Species of Migratory Nectar-Feeding Bats (Leptonycteris) in a Northern Area of Seasonal Sympatry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Animals often migrate to exploit seasonally ephemeral food. Three species of nectar-feeding phyllostomid bats migrate north from Mexico into deserts of the United States each spring and summer to feed on blooms of columnar cactus and century plants (Agave spp.). However, the habitat needs of these important desert pollinators are poorly understood. We followed the nighttime movements of 2 species of long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and L. nivalis) in an area of late-summer sympatry at the northern edges of their migratory ranges. We radio-tracked bats in extreme southwestern New Mexico during 22 nights over 2 summers and acquired location estimates for 31 individuals. Both species cohabitated 2 major day roosts that were 30 km apart and in different mountain ranges, and individual bats sometimes moved between the roosts. Sampling was opportunistic and limited, but there were no obvious qualitative differences in observed patterns of movement between species or years, or among sex, age, and reproductive groups. Both species were observed foraging most often in the mountain range that had a relatively higher observed density of presumed food plants (Agave palmeri); when roosting in an adjacent mountain range, bats sometimes commuted >20 km one way to forage. Contrary to evidence indicating these species partition resources farther south in Mexico, our findings suggest that L. yerbabuenae and L. nivalis seasonally share common roost and food resources during late summer in this northern area of sympatry.
Selectivity over unifunctional multicomponent catalysts with non-uniform distribution of components

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivity over unifunctional multicomponent catalysts with non-uniform distribution of componentsDady B. DadyburjorCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1985, 24, 1, 16–27Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/i100017a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts