jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Imbrication of Orality and Literacy: Historical Discourse in Early Modern Makassar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the sixteenth century, Makassarese in the South Sulawesi courts of Gowa and Talloq began to write. What they chose to write were historical texts that chronicled their origins and preserved the words of their ancestors. Scholars once knew how to make sense of such an event: it could not be but a watershed, a fundamental change or turning point of the first magnitude. Such is the nature of what we liked to call the “transition from orality to literacy,” yet more careful examinations have suggested that this confidence in the very idea of a shift from orality to literacy was misplaced. Literacy and orality are not states of being that are simply manifested in places like Makassar. This article extends the efforts of scholars to grapple with the considerable overlap, symbiosis, and exchange that seem to characterize a boundary once believed to demarcate firmly orality and literacy. Considerable work has gone into documenting the inadequacy of trying to delineate what formal characteristics mark oral and literate productions. For example, Wendy Doniger notes that it is only when we distinguish among texts that were composed orally, preserved orally, or performed orally “that we begin to glimpse the complexity of the problem” (1991, 31). Similarly, what should we do about traditions such as Javanese wayang in which oral performances are based on stories in texts, even though few puppeteers own, consult, or have even seen the written texts (Sears 1996)?
The ret proto-oncogene is consistently expressed in human pheochromocytomas and thyroid medullary carcinomas.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have recently reported the identification of a new oncogene, named PTC, frequently activated in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. This gene is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and we have shown that this rearrangement occurred in vivo as a tumor-specific somatic event. In an effort to further examine the role of this oncogene in human malignancies, we have investigated the expression of the ret oncogene in a number of human tumors. We consistently detected expression of normal-sized transcripts of the ret proto-oncogene in human pheochromocytomas and in human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), both of familial and sporadic type. Moreover, we showed that ret mRNA levels were increased following (Bu)2cAMP-induced differentiation of a human MTC cell line (TT). Since the ret gene has been mapped on chromosome 10, close to the gene which predisposes patients to the MEN2A syndrome, we suggest that this region of chromosome 10 might be involved in the proliferative and differentiative patterns of these neuroectodermal tissues.
Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture – A Case Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This case report describes about a case of a 13 year old male child with Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture of Left Forearm following a fall on the granite stone. This case demonstrates the results and follow up of conservative Physiotherapy management with appropriate bracing revised on time to time basis as a part of Multidisciplinary approach. During the continuous follow-up of 8months under Physiotherapy, the subject has shown functional recovery in terms of range of motion, flexibility and extensibility of shortened tissues, scar tissue reduction, grip strength, prehension and precision activities on hand. Mode of management may be conservative or surgical, Physiotherapists can provide suitable interventions in this kind of cases as part of multidisciplinary teams. The physiotherapist will have their role to work in analogy with the goal of physician and surgeon with acceptable scientific evidence so that the surgeon will have more chances to delay or stop the subject from exposing to surgeries like tendon transfers, Neurotisations, lengthening and fasciotomies if thesubject is improving in the functional domain with Physiotherapy management.
Chemical experiment in Russian schools

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many arguments in favor of chemical experiment, both old and new ones, were put forward. It was demonstrated that chemical experiment is valuable by itself and instrumental in teaching and forms metadomain skills. The idea that chemical experiment should form concepts rather than illustrate them was substantiated. Opportunities for chemical experiments in modern Russian schools were considered. Legislation dealing with chemical experiment was criticized for numerous collisions, and possible ways to avoid these collisions were suggested. It was noted that staffing problem could be reduced reasonably by encouraging teachers. For methodological support, which is also crucial, some points of development were indicated (digital laboratories, inquiry learning, and shifting the role of experiment from concept illustration to concept formation). It was stated that the supply of chemical experiment is insufficient but can be optimized by some measures that should be taken by educational authorities.
Deep fungal infections diagnosed in Johannesburg in the period 1987-1996

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to update the knowledge concerning the types and relative \nprevalence of the various deep fungal infections of the skin encountered in the Johannesburg region. Two previous studies have been published concerning deep fungal \ninfections in this area, first by Lurie in 1955 (1) and the last by Martin and Berson in 1973 \n(2). \n \nOver a ten year period from 1987 to 1996, 120 cases of deep fungal infection of the skin \nwere recorded.This included patients with sporotrichosis (the commonest disease), \nmycetoma, nocar dial infections, chromoblastomycosis, actinomycosis and blastomycosis. \nThe present data were compared with the two previous studies and it was found that the \nrelative incidence of sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis and actinomycosis has declined,while that of blastomycosis appears to have increased in recent years. \n \nThe relevant South African literature regarding deep fungal infections is reviewed. In this \nstudy, three species are reported to cause deep fungal infections in South Africa for the \nfirst time, viz. Nocardia dassonvillei, Actinomyces meyeri andNocardia caviae,.
Hen egg white ovomacroglobulin promotes fibroblast migration via mediating cell adhesion and cytoskeleton

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Hen egg white ovomacroglobulin ( OVM ) possesses a variety of bioactivities and could potentially be used as a pharmaceutical agent. It has been reported that OVM is involved in wound healing and cancer pathological processes, and previous results suggest that OVM plays a potential role in cell proliferation and migration; however, this has not yet been proven. In the present study, the effects of OVM on fibroblast proliferation and migration were evaluated. RESULTS Results of cell counting, cell viability, and cell cycle indicated that proliferation of fibroblasts was not altered by OVM treatment. However, scratch assays showed that OVM could promote the migration of 3 T6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human skin fibroblasts ( HSF ). Also, the adhesion of HSF to the collagen matrix was also enhanced by OVM treatment. RT‐qPCR and western blot analysis showed that β 1 ‐integrin, β ‐tubulin, and β ‐actin were up‐regulated while E‐cadherin was down‐regulated in OVM ‐treated HSF cells. The effect of OVM was silenced after forming a complex with trypsin, suggesting that the protease inhibitory ability of OVM is important for its effect on cell migration. CONCLUSION These results suggested that promotion of OVM on cell migration was achieved by enhancing cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, reducing intercellular aggregation, and strengthening cytoskeleton. The finding of the promotion effect of OVM on cell migration is important for understanding its role in wound healing and cancer pathological processes. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A Theory of Adolescent Substance Abuse

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This report applies a theory of psychological individuation to inferences drawn from an 8-year series of clinical studies of men who practice heavy, chronic use of different drugs. Each man was studied intensively over a period of 4-5 months, using interviews and a comprehensive battery of dimensional and morphogenic assessment procedures. Users of barbiturates and sedative hypnotics were found to be least mature, followed by users of opiates, users of amphetamine, users of cocaine, and nonusers of drugs, who were found to be most mature. A theory is described which conceives adolescent substance abuse as rooted in dysfunctional relationships with parental figures which block or delay the normal individuation process. Comparable sets of representative case studies of heavy, chronic users of alcohol and marihuana are recommended to facilitate the development of treatment programs that take into account the special needs of persons who practice heavy, chronic use of different substances.
Acute Liver Failure Triggered by Therapeutic Dose of Acetaminophen in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Here we present the case of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient with preserved pulmonary function who developed acute liver failure requiring liver transplant following an episode of binge drinking and ingestion of a modest amount of acetaminophen. Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease (CFLD) is the third most common cause of death among CF patients. The pathogenesis of CFLD is complex and still not fully understood. It is important that patients suffering from CF know about the possible dangers associated with acetaminophen and ethanol ingestion. Our case report highlights the need for more research that needs to be done to truly understand the underlying pathogenesis of CFLD and the significant risk factors that play a part in the development of acute liver failure in patients with CF.
Pieter-Dirk Uys: Crossing Apartheid Lines. An Interview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pieter-Dirk Uys, South Africa's premier political satirist, was born in Cape Town in 1945 to an Afrikaner father and a German-Jewish mother. From 1965 to 1972 he studied drama at the University of Cape Town and film at the London Film School. During the 197os he wrote and directed plays at the Space Theatre in Cape Town and at the Market Theatre in Johannesburg. Uys (pronounced Ace) is author of over 25 plays and reviews. His play God's Forgotten was performed in 1978 at La Mama in New York City. Other works performed in the U.S. and U.K. include Paradise Is Closing Down (1977) and Beyond the Rubicon (1986), which were also produced for South African television.
Protection of the Oceans and the Polar Regions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book is a study of the future of international law as well as the future of the United Nations. It is the first study ever bringing together the laws, policies and practices of the UN for the protection of the earth, the oceans, outer space, human rights, victims of armed conflicts and of humanitarian emergencies, the poor, the vulnerable and the disadvantaged world-wide. It reviews unprecedented dangers and challenges facing humanity such as climate change and weapons of mass destruction, and argues that the international law of the future must become an international law of security and of protection. It submits that the concept of international security in the UN Charter can no longer be restricted to situations of armed conflict but must be given its natural meaning: whatever threatens the security of humanity. It calls for the Security Council to perform its role as the guardian of the security of humankind and sees a leadership role for the UN Secretary-General in analysing and presenting challenges of international security and protection to the Security Council for its attention.
The Patient as Reformation - Here We Stand Part Three - Legitimate Authority and True Reform.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare delivery in the U.S is in the midst of a social crisis and demands social reform. Physician-reformers must understand that the roots of this dilemma lie in a loss of legitimate authority, as it extends to the patient. Legitimate authority in medicine exists when patient-centeredness leads - with self-less advocacy that strengthens the patient bond, radical accountability that restores the public trust and extraordinary teamwork that addresses exploding complexity. Absent these, authority is simply an exercise of power. Physician-reformers must stand on the ground of patient-centeredness and debate the truth-claims of patient-centered reform.
Prostate biopsy concordance in a large population-based sample: a Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To use the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database in order to evaluate prostate biopsy concordance in a large population-based sample. Methods We identified 34 195 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and underwent a radical prostatectomy from 2010 to 2011. All patients also had to have both clinical and pathological Gleason scores available for analysis. The concordance of the biopsy Gleason score to the pathological Gleason score was analysed using the coefficient of agreement (κ). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine potential factors that may impact concordance of Gleason score. Results Overall, the clinical and pathological Gleason scores matched in 55.4% of patients. The concordance rates were 55.3% for Gleason 6, 66.9% for Gleason 3+4, 42.9% for Gleason 4+3 and 24.8% for Gleason 8, with frequent downgrading to Gleason 7. The κ for Gleason score concordance was 0.36 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.37), indicating fair agreement. The weighted κ for Gleason score concordance was 0.51 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.52), indicating moderate agreement. Additionally, the Bowker tests of symmetry were highly significant (p<0.001), indicating that when discordant findings were present, pathological upgrading was more common than downgrading. Conclusions This study is, to our knowledge, the largest contemporary study of prostate biopsy concordance. We found that there continues to be significant Gleason migration both upward from biopsy Gleason 6 or 3+4 and downgrading from biopsy Gleason ≥8. Further studies are needed to better determine other potential genomic or biologic factors that may help increase the biopsy Gleason concordance.
Character as Destiny in Hofmannsthal's Electra

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As AN ARTIST HUGO VON HOFMANNSTHAL was always violent in his reaction against materialism in philosophy and naturalism in art. Even as a young man, living in the morally debilitated pre-World War I city of Vienna, Hofmannsthal saw the limitations of an art which was committed to an external view of reality. Naturalism in the drama, with its convention of environmental credibility, from the time of Hebbel, Becque, Hauptmann, and Ibsen (up to The Wild Duck) had tended to show life as it existed on the surface; it was all too often sociological in its orientation and failed to capture the multiple complexities of man's inner life. Itwas because of this very ordinariness, this exaction of truth to life, that Hofmannsthal turned to Symbolism, the shrine of all the disenchanted young poets and dramatists of his time.
Interaction of Magnolol and exercise training on blood oxidative stress and aortic adhesion molecules in hyperlipidemic rabbits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was aimed to investigate the interaction of Magnolia officinalis and exercise training on attenuating the process of atherosclerosis of the cholesterol‐fed rabbits. The results showed an addictive effect of Magnolol supplement and exercise training on preventing the aortas of the hyperlipidemic rabbits from atherosclerotic lesion. On the biochemical level, serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC), blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and P‐selectin levels of the aortic arches were synergistically reduced in the hyperlipidemic rabbits by combination of exercise training and Magnolol supplement. Nonetheless, blood free radical counts, aortic SOD‐1 and VCAM‐1 levels were not addictively reduced in the hyperlipidemic rabbits co‐treated with exercise training and Magnolol supplement. On morphological study, lipid lesions of the aorta resulted from high‐fat diet were fully prevented in the combined treatment of exercise training and Magnolia extract. This study indicates that co‐treatment of exercise training and Magnolol supplement exert synergistically and could be a promising alternative therapy for atherosclerosis.
Bioactive Phytoconstituents of Morus Plants exhibiting Numerous Therapeutic Activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Morus is a plant genus of the family Moraceae, most of which is used as a decoction in traditional medicines for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, pulmonary diseases and reduces the plasma sugar level.Many studies in Morus phytochemistry have contributed to the discovery of Diels-Alder-type adducts, arylbenzofurans, and flavonoids with antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory activities.The purpose of this article was to offers an account of the updated knowledge on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of these compounds.This review will help to fully understanding the efficacy and pave the way for further explore the comprehensive use of Morus.We conclude that Morus needs further reports in the identification of bioactive constituents and strengthen the claim of folk medicines.
The The UN Standars on Adequate Housing for Civil Society Action

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The United Nations (UN), through its softlaw bodies of the global human rights system, built a paradigm on adequate housing for 22 years. Centro Dom Helder Camara (CENDHEC), as a civil society organization, has been working for 32 years in favor of the right to the city in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. At that time, the UN outlined seven basic aspects of adequate housing combined with the principle of non-discrimination. CENDHEC was established from the construction of the new constitutional text of 1988 and the use of legal and administrative instruments for security of tenure. The problematization consists of questioning the contribution of the UN, during 22 years, from the work of the Committee of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) to the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing for the work of the Dom Helder Center Camara, as a civil society organization active in the field of the right to the city. The general objective of the article is to explore the limits of the concept of adequate housing from the international and national system for the promotion and protection of human rights in Brazil. The specific objective, on the other hand, takes care of delimiting the axiological beacons of action by Cendhec, as an organization of organized civil society, open to international experience.
Identity Politics' Issue In Indonesia Presidential Election 2019

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractPresidential Election in 2019 has become the most interesting executive election throughout Indonesia's political history. People likely separated, either Jokowi’s or Prabowo’s stronghold. Then it can be assumed, when someone, not a Jokowi’s stronghold he or she certainly within Prabowo’s stronghold. The issue that was brought up in the presidential election campaign, sensitively related to religion, communist ideology, China’s employer, and any other issues. On the other side, politics identity also enlivened the presidential election’s campaign in 2019. Normative Yuridis method used in this research, which was supported by primary and secondary data sourced from either literature and social phenomenon sources as well. The research analysis concluded that political identity has become a part of the political campaign in Indonesia as well as in other countries. The differences came as the inevitability that should not be avoided but should be faced wisely. Finally, it must be distinguished between political identity with the politicization of identity clearly.Keywords. Identity Politics, 2019 Presidential Election
Medication Compliance, Antidepressant Blood Levels, and

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study of medication compliance, side effects, and clinical change with the use of antidepressants in 32 Southeast Asian refugee patients seen at an urban mental health center is reported. Patients met criteria for either major depressive episode, posttraumatic stress disorder, or both. Only five of the 32 patients who stated that they were taking their medications regularly had antidepressant blood levels in the therapeutic range. Another 10 patients had subtherapeutic levels and the remaining 17 had undetectable blood levels. Patients with therapeutic blood levels had fewer side effects (p = 0.049) than patients with undetectable blood levels. Blood levels tended (p = 0.070) to be correlated with clinical improvement. The authors discuss cultural attitudes of Southeast Asian refugee patients toward medication use and side effects that appear to influence medication compliance.
Allograft Nephrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The indications, complications and results of 54 allograft nephrectomies undertaken in 44 patients have been reviewed. There were 7 deaths following 39 nephrectomies done within 6 months of transplantation and complications occurred in a further 14 instances. Many of these resulted from pre‐existing infection. When nephrectomy was cairied out 6 months after transplantation there were no deaths and morbidity was less. If graft failure is diagnosed within 6 months of transplantation immediate nephrectomy is recommended to prevent future complications. When graft failure occurs later it is suggested that nephrectomy be undertaken only when definite indications for this are present.
Natural flavonoid glycosides Chrysosplenosides I & A rejuvenate intestinal stem cell aging via activation of PPARγ signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The decline in intestinal stem cell (ISC) function is a hallmark of aging, contributing to compromised intestinal regeneration and increased incidence of age-associated diseases. Novel therapeutic agents that can rejuvenate aged ISCs are of paramount importance for extending healthspan. Here, we report on the discovery of Chrysosplenosides I and A (CAs 1 & 2), flavonol glycosides from the Xizang medicinal plant Chrysosplenium axillare Maxim., which exhibit potent anti-aging effects on ISCs. Our research, using Drosophila models, reveals that CAs 1 & 2 treatments not only restrain excessive ISC proliferation, thereby preserving intestinal homeostasis, but also extend the lifespan of aging Drosophila. In aged mouse intestinal organoids, CAs 1 & 2 enhance the growth and budding of intestinal organoids, indicating improved regenerative capacity. Mechanistic investigations show that CAs 1 & 2 exert their effects by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and concurrently inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways. Our findings position CAs 1 & 2 as promising candidates for ameliorating ISC aging and suggest that targeting PPARγ, in particular, may offer a therapeutic strategy to counteract age-related intestinal dysfunction.