jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Designing and Testing a Professional Ethics Model in Physicians

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Medical professional ethics is a structured system for solving ethical issues and providing appropriate solutions in the medical field. The purpose of this study was to design and test the pattern of professional ethics in physicians.\nMaterials and Methods: Reviewing previous studies, the researchers completed and finalized a preliminary list of human resources factors affecting professional ethics components using the Delphi method. For this purpose, 14 professional ethics experts were selected as the expert group using the non-probability sampling method and a combination of purposeful or judgmental and chain methods. In this model, the components were considered as (latent) variables that were measured by relevant indicators (explicit variables) and determined based on structural equation modeling of their impacts on students' professional ethics. Before fitting the model, using SPSSV22 statistical software, the assumption of the normality of data distribution was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test.\nResults: The findings were analyzed using a qualitative research method and the Delphi model. The findings of this study led to the identification of 11 components, including conscientiousness, job excellence, integrity and dignity, respect for others, kindness, commitment to social justice, time management, emotional intelligence, confidentiality, ethical knowledge, and moral sensitivity. Among these, time management, emotional intelligence, ethical knowledge and ethical sensitivity are the new achievements of this research. A new index was added to the privacy component, namely electronic patient records.\nConclusion: Appropriate fitting of the proposed model to the present research can be useful in formulating the ethical patterns and national plans at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education level.
Towards open tertiary education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents some ideas and debate on the open tertiary education in Australia. A truly open system of tertiary education requires that every person has the right to embark on any educational course or enter any career they wish at any time of life. In order to fulfil this goal, what is needed is a change of the historic pattern of trying to shape the demand for education to fit the supply determined by educational and political planners, a scheme that will plan the supply of education to match the demand. If tertiary education is to be open to all, and people enabled to resume their education at any stage they wish, we need a system of educational allowances, with proper provision for dependants, available for all levels of education beyond the level which would normally be obtained by the statutory leaving age. A system of universal paid study leave would allow people to develop their interests or embark on new careers and at the same time meet the need to share the benefits of increased productivity by reducing the length of the working life. \nContents: \n1. Function, Ideology and Relevance (pg. 1) \n2. Social Stratification and the Educated Community (pg. 10) \n3. Selection and Opportunity (pg. 16) \n4. Work, Education and Jobs (pg. 28) \n5. Planning and Organisation (pg. 56) \n
Antibiotic resistance pattern of community acquired uropathogens at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common infections described in outpatients setting. Objectives : A study was conducted to evaluate the uropathogenic bacterial flora and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile among patients presenting to the out-patient clinics of a tertiary care hospital at Jaipur, Rajasthan. Materials and Methods : 2012 consecutive urine specimens from symptomatic UTI cases attending to the outpatient clinics were processed in the Microbiology lab. Bacterial isolates obtained were identified using biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by the double disk approximation test and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS) confirmatory method. Results: Pathogens were isolated from 346 (17.16%) of the 2012 patients who submitted a urine sample. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated community acquired uropathogen accounting for 61.84% of the total isolates. ESBL production was observed in 23.83% of E. coli strains and 8.69% of Klebsiella strains. With the exception of Nitrofurantoin, resistance to agents commonly used as empiric oral treatments for UTI was quite high. Conclusion : The study revealed E. coli as the predominant bacterial pathogen for the community acquired UTIs in Jaipur, Rajasthan. An increasing trend in the production ESBLs among UTI pathogens in the community was noted. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for primary, uncomplicated UTIs.
A comparison of distributed memory and virtual shared memory parallel programming models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The virtues of the different parallel programming models, shared memory and distributed memory, have been much debated. Conventionally the debate could be reduced to programming convenience on the one hand, and high salability factors on the other. More recently the debate has become somewhat blurred with the provision of virtual shared memory models built on machines with physically distributed memory. The intention of such models/machines is to provide scalable shared memory, i.e. to provide both programmer convenience and high salability. In this paper, the different models are considered from experiences gained with a number of system ranging from applications in both commerce and science to languages and operating systems. Case studies are introduced as appropriate.
Bone Marrow Transplantation in Nonmalignant Haematological Diseases: What Have We Learned about Thalassemia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only therapy for congenital, severe haemoglobinopathies that is able to reverse the pathological phenotype. In the severe form of thalassemia, regular transfusions are needed early in life. This population of patients could benefit from allo-SCT. However, the great efficacy of transplantation must be counterbalanced by the mortality and morbidity related to the procedure. In this short review, we reviewed the most recent data in the field of transplantation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT), highlighting the factors that have a major impact on outcomes.
An avalanche of runaway electrons formed in an air discharge

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A numerical simulation of a beam of runaway electrons formed from an individual emission zone on a cathode has been performed for discharges in air of atmospheric pressure. The model is based on solving numerically two-dimensional equations of motion for the electrons and allows one to describe the dynamics of the fast electrons injected from the surface of the emission zone. In calculations it was supposed that the electric field at the surface of the emission zone is enhanced due to which conditions are realized for the electrons injected from the surface to switch into the mode of continuous acceleration.
Studies on the Antidotal Action of Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In our previous report [1], we established the fact that a conjoint administration.of vitamin C and glucose-cysteine is quite potent as an antidotal agent against acetaldehyde and nicotine.In the present paper, we are concerned with carbon tetrachloridum and chloro-form using the same antidotal agent. Since the former is known as a unique substance associated with the liver disturbance and the latter with various forms of the cardiac complaints, our understanding relative to the antidotal action of vitamin C on these drugs would also contribute to better elucidation of the pharmacological mechanisms of the liver and heart.
Electron paramagnetic resonance and transmission electron microscopy study of the interactions between asbestiform zeolite fibers and model membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Different asbestiform zeolite fibers of the erionite (termed GF1 and MD8, demonstrated carcinogenic) and offretite (termed BV12, suspected carcinogenic) families were investigated by analyzing the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of selected surfactant spin probes and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images in the presence of model membranes-cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) micelles, egg-lecithin liposomes, and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes. This was undertaken to obtain information on interactions occurring at a molecular level between fibers and membranes which correlate with entrance of fibers into the membrane model or location of the fibers at the external or internal membrane interfaces. For CTAB micelles, all fibers were able to enter the micelles, but the hair-like structure and chemical surface characteristics of GF1 modified the micelle structure toward a bilayer-like organization, while MD8 and BV12, being shorter fibers and with a high density of surface interacting groups, partially destroyed the micelles. For liposomes, GF1 fibers partially penetrated the core solution, but DMPC liposomes showed increasing rigidity and organization of the bilayer. Conversely, for MD8 and BV12, the fibers did not cross the membrane demonstrating a smaller membrane structure perturbation. Scolecite fibers (termed SC1), used for comparison, presented poor interactions with the model membranes. The carcinogenicity of the zeolites, as postulated in the series SC1
Adenovirus-like Particles from Cancers Induced by Adenovirus-12 but Free of Infectious Virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Particles resembling adenovirus were recovered from tumors induced by adenovirus-12. The particles were similar to incomplete adenovirus in size, subunit morphology, and density. The presence of such incomplete viral units helps to explain why attempts to isolate infectious virus from adenovirus-induced tumors have failed despite the serological evidence that viral elements are present.
The content of some of the essential amino acids in poultry feeds.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During the past decade considerable effort was evident in India towards improvement of indigenous feedsfuffs and rations for feeding poultry. Sathe and Bose, Desai et al, Ogra et al, Rao and coworkers among others have successfully employed a wide range of agricultural and industrial by-products as substitutes to the usual cereals and proteinic feeds in poultry rations. However, none of the earlier studies involved any systematic evaluation of the various feeds other than proximate analysis.
Customization of Soft Tissue Expanders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Soft tissue expansion is a common technique for restoring large skin defects. Fixed-type expanders may be inappropriate for the following reasons: (1) the shapes and sizes of the defects vary in different patients; and (2) the bulged base of the fixed-type expander does not fit the curve of the human body, which may induce complications such as concave deformities or nerve palsy from continuous mechanical compression. The customized expander adjusts better to the shape and the topography of the expansion site compared with the fixed-type expander. It improves expansion efficiency and reduces complications caused by compression. Methods Between 2016 and 2022, customized soft tissue expansion was performed in 38 patients with skin lesions, including giant congenital melanocytic nevi and postburn scars. This series of patients included patients with a specific donor site shape that is unsuitable for fixed-type expanders. An expander was customized according to the shape of the donor site and then implanted in the subcutaneous pocket. After the expander reached a sufficient volume, the expander was removed, and the extra expanded skin flap was transferred to resurface the skin lesion. In the follow-up, the outcome and the complications were recorded. Results All the customized expanders fit not only the dimension but also the topography of the donor site. During expansion, 2 patients experienced leakage of the expander, and 3 patients suffered a skin rupture. In the remaining 33 patients, the expansion was successfully completed, and the expanded flaps restored the skin lesions as designed. The color and texture of the skin flaps remained satisfactory after long-term follow-up. Conclusions Unlike fixed-type expanders, our customized expanders make it possible for “accurate” expansion, irrespective of the dimension and topography of the donor area. Customization of the expander helps increase efficiency and reduce complications caused by undue compression.
Coccidiosis of Cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The disease known as coccidiosis occurs in many domestic and wild animals. It is of great importance in chickens, in which coccidiosis is one of the chief causes of losses to the producer. In cattle the disease was estimated by Fitzgerald in 1962' to cause an . annual loss of $3,500,000 in calves under one year of age in the 11 western states and $7,500,000 in the seven west north-central states. In making this estimate Fitzgerald calculated that 90 percent of all calves are infected by coccidia, and that the average loss amounted to 75 cents per head on all calves less than one year of age in the United States. Coccidiosis is observed throughout the year, but most commonly during the late fall and during winter and spring. It occurs more frequently in calves from about one to six months in age, but older animals, especially those one to two years old, are often affected. The signs include diarrhea, weakn~ss, and lack of appetite. Blood mayor may not be evident in the feces. In severe cases, the animals become emaciated, and death or retardation in growth results. Although bovine coccidiosis has been investigated for many years, numerous important problems in connection with this disease remain to be solved
To ‘go gender’ – A conceptual framework for analysing migration-related strategic gender practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In everyday life individuals tend to read place- and time-specific gender codes and act according to, or in contrast to, what they perceive as the appropriate local gender practice. The aim of the article is to address the questions of what happens when people live translocal lives, in multiple cultures, as in international migration situations, and when people change their place of residence with a corresponding changed gender context. Based on in-depth interviews with immigrants, the authors analyse gender navigation in relation to mobility. They focus on the need to navigate between intentions and requirements of various gendered behaviour. By investigating the gendered practices involved in migration, specifically in international migration, they elucidate this navigation as a ‘going-gender’ process which, in turn, visualises the dilemmas involved in these oscillating rather than unidirectional processes. In conclusion, a ‘going-gender’ analysis can explain the way in which individuals learn to handle the intersection of diverse gender contracts through solving the dilemmas when they move between places. Such an analysis would stress the transformative character of ‘doing gender’ and emphasise the reflexive attitude and strategic approach of studied immigrants.
Aberrant static and dynamic functional patterns of frontoparietal control network in antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode psychosis subjects

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Psychotic disorders are disabling clinical syndromes characterized by widespread alterations in cortical information processing. Disruption of frontoparietal network (FPN) connectivity has emerged as a common footprint across the psychosis spectrum. Our goal was to characterize the static and dynamic resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) of the FPN in antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode psychosis (FEP) subjects. We compared the static FC of the FPN in 40 FEP and 40 healthy control (HC) subjects, matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. To study the dynamic FC, we measured quasiperiodic patterns (QPPs) that consist of infraslow spatioemporal patterns embedded in the blood oxygen level‐dependent signal that repeats over time, exhibiting alternation of high and low activity. Relative to HC, we found functional hypoconnectivity between the right middle frontal gyrus and the right middle temporal gyrus, as well as the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior parietal gyrus in FEP ( p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). The correlation of the QPP with all functional scans was significantly stronger for FEP compared to HC, suggesting a greater impact of the QPPs to intrinsic brain activity in psychotic population. Regressing the QPP from the functional scans erased all significant group differences in static FC, suggesting that abnormal connectivity in FEP could result from altered QPP. Our study supports that alterations of cortical information processing are not a function of psychotic chronicity or antipsychotic medication exposure and may be regarded as trait specific. In addition, static connectivity abnormality may be partly related to altered brain network temporal dynamics.
Assessment of environmental and genetic risk factors for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic factors involved in its pathogenesis. Purpose. The study evaluates the role of a number of environmental and genetic risk factors in the risk of POAG development and builds a prognostic model. Material and methods. The study group included 197 patients aged 44 to 90 years (98 — patients with POAG, 99 — the control group), who were treated in the Republican Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan named after Prof. E.V. Adamyuk. Results. Age, family history of the disease, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension were revealed to be associated with an increased risk of POAG development. The polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes were shown to influence the development of POAG. The prognostic model considering these factors had high sensitivity and specificity (72.0% and 82.6% respectively). Conclusion. The prognostic model based on environmental and genetic factors is important for assessing the risk of POAG and early detection of the disease.
Evaluating Different Magnitudes of Reinforcement Within the Caught Being Good Game

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Caught Being Good Game (CBGG) is an evidence-based practice used in classrooms to reduce disruptive classroom behavior. This approach to classwide intervention has been implemented and its effectiveness demonstrated across grade levels and types of disruptive behavior. Teachers report that the CBGG is an easy classroom management strategy to implement. Although several studies have been published demonstrating its utility, less research has examined how variations in the contingencies employed impact outcomes. In the current study, the CBGG was implemented across three classrooms in an effort to replicate previous findings. As well, the magnitude of reward/reinforcement was manipulated to determine whether this parameter affected intervention efficacy. Results of the study demonstrated appropriate classroom behavior increased across three elementary classrooms. The impact of magnitude of reward/reinforcement was idiosyncratic across the three classrooms, with no uniform impact of magnitude on intervention outcomes. Reasons why magnitude of reinforcement may not have impacted the efficacy of the CBGG are discussed.
68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT: a promising new technique for predicting risk stratification and metastatic risk of prostate cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

90 Objectives: Accurate prediction of risk stratification and metastatic risk of prostate cancer has significant impacts on patient9s subsequent treatment plan and disease outcomes. This study was to investigate the value of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT in predicting risk stratification and metastatic risk of prostate cancer. Methods: A total of 40 newly diagnosed patients with prostate cancer as confirmed by needle biopsy were continuously included. 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT and clinical data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. PET images were semi-quantitatively analyzed to obtain maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and volumetric parameters of primary prostate cancer, including intraprostatic PSMA-derived tumor volume (iPSMA-TV) and intraprostatic total lesion PSMA (iTL-PSMA). All patients were simplified into low-medium risk group (PSA≤20 ng/mL, Gleason score 6-7, and cT1-T2c) and high-risk group (PSA > 20 ng/mL, Gleason score 8-10, or cT3-T4) according to the risk stratification criteria of prostate cancer described in NCCN Guideline. Univariate logistic regression models for the assessment of high-risk prostate cancer and metastatic risk were established using the above semi-quantitative parameters of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT; then the efficacy of these predictive models was assessed. Results: Totally 30/40 (75%) were diagnosed as high-risk prostate cancer and 10/40 (25%) were low-medium risk prostate cancer. SUVmax, iPSMA-TV and iTL-PSMA were found to be predictive factors useful to distinguish high-risk from low-medium risk prostate cancer (Area under ROC curve was 0.843, 0.802 and 0.900, respectively, all at p
"Innovation in the Pharmaceutical industry".

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD).The concept of mild retardation is quantitative and embraces, using conventional standards, some 2 20, of the population in addition to the 0 4%' who are even less gifted.Not all of this considerable population is in receipt of special services, even at school age; but prospects for training for skilled employment and independent social adaptation tend to be limited.Fortunately, the AAMD has omitted from the revised classification of mental handicap' the term "borderline mental retardation," but this is still in common use and embraces much of the "dull normal" stream.It seems contrary to the general sense of the leading article thus arbitrarily to exclude any causal role in mental retardation to mal- nutrition when this can admittedly cause some deficiency in the developing brain.It would seem more reasonable in the present state of science to keep an open mind on this question and to view it as one of the many possible modes of operation of the impact of adverse social and economic factors among under- privileged groups and disadvantaged classes.