jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Automatic Simulation Models Matching with Field Data and Constrained Production Optimization

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Asset optimization has recently become a crucial issue in Oil&Gas industry, considering oil price conjuncture and an increased awareness on environmental aspects. In this paper, an Artificial Intelligence technique is presented, which is able to manage big datasets to automatically match the production models and propose an operative solution that maximizes the production. The tool is based on a hybrid in-house developed AI technique, integrating deep neural networks, biogenetical algorithms, commercial simulators and real-time data. The workflow starts with the modeling of the production system through physics based commercial simulators. A sensitivity analysis identifies the critical variables, which are then randomly varied with a Sobol distribution, exploring the entire solution domain. With these data, a proxy model to the commercial software is generated: it consists in an artificial neural network able to replicate the field behavior. Finally, the AI tool fed by real-time data is used firstly to match the field behavior and, successively, to maximize the field production. The tool has been developed considering an offshore oil field. The typical uncertain parameters used in the matching phase are fluid characteristics, in particular densities and compositions, but also some pipeline physical characteristics. The typical optimization parameters could range from choke opening and gas lift to plant operating temperatures. The matching process is performed coupling the proxy model with a differential evolution algorithm whose fitness function is an error function, to be minimized, that represents the distance between the actual field production parameters and the modeled ones. The algorithm finds the solution by varying the uncertain parameters and keeping fixed the known optimization ones. Once the model matches with the production data, the set of uncertain parameters is defined and fixed and the process of optimization can start, by changing the optimization parameters. This is achieved with a second differential evolution algorithm working with the same proxy model. The fitness function in this phase is the oil production, which must be maximized, having as constraint the maximum gas flow rate treatable by the plant. This tool has proven to be able to solve the problem in less than a minute. In this paper, the substantial advantages of substituting the physical model with a proxy one have been shown. With the novel approach, the computational time has been reduced by three orders of magnitude with respect to a classic method. This is a breakthrough because it allows the matching and optimization procedures to be done on a daily basis, which results in having always tuned model and a powerful tool to monitor online the field production.
X-ray counterpart of gravitational waves due to binary neutron star mergers: light curves, luminosity functions, and event rate densities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Zhang (2013) proposed a type of GRB-less X-ray transient associated with double neutron star (NS-NS) mergers under the conjecture of a rapidly-spinning magnetar merger product with the line of sight off the short GRB jet. We investigate possible light curves of these transients by considering different observer's viewing angles. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the peak luminosity function (LF) and event rate density of these X-ray transients. By considering that a fraction of massive neutron stars may be supra-massive and later collapse into black holes after spinning down, we investigate how the predicted LF depends on the equation of state (EoS) of the central object and the geometry of the system. In general, the LF can be fit by two log-normal distributions peaking around $10^{46.4}$ and $10^{49.6}$ $\rm erg\,s^{-1}$, corresponding to the trapped and free zones, respectively. For the majority of the EoS models, the current non-detection is consistent with having a free zone solid angle at most a few times of the solid angle of the short GRB jet. The event rate density of these X-ray transients is around a few tens of $\rm Gpc^{-3}yr^{-1}$ for luminosity above $10^{45}$ $\rm erg\,s^{-1}$. We predict that future X-ray telescopes (such as Einstein Probe) with sensitivity $\sim 10^{-11}$ $\rm erg\,s^{-1}\,cm^{-2}$ would detect as many as several tens of such transients per year per steradian. Within 200 Mpc, the aLIGO average range for NS-NS mergers, the estimated event rate of these transients is about 1 transient per year all sky.
Cuneiform Inscriptions Geographical Site Index (CIGS)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This index contains a basic set of primary spatial, toponym, attribute, and external link information on more than 550 archaeological locations where texts written in cuneiform and derived scripts have been found, prepared by researchers of the Department of Linguistics and Philology of Uppsala University. The index is intended as a tool for students and researchers in cuneiform studies and related areas and as an aid to cultural heritage managers and educators in communicating and safeguarding this unique body of world written heritage. The index remains under development and is regularly updated. The authors will very much appreciate notices of any omissions, errors, or inaccuracies. For further details, see Rattenborg et al. 2021. The version 1.4 index contains a total twenty-five fields, namely one primary ID, one spatial accuracy field, six integer and string fields for external data links, nine string fields with toponyms, six string fields for English and native Wikipedia URLs, and two integer fields making up the point coordinate of the record. Coordinates given use the WGS 1984 geographic coordinate reference system (EPSG 4326) and have been truncated to four decimal digits. Site locations have been traced from archaeological gazetteers and web mapping services and digitally generated from optical recognition using current and legacy satellite imagery datasets in QGIS 3.x.
Economic and Social Impacts of an Avian Flu Outbreak

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Avian influenza (AI), popularly known as bird flu, shocked the world and created uncertainties in the global market since its detection in 1997. It has already infected Asia, parts of Europe, and Africa leading to the death of 150 million birds across the globe and still counting. According to a study conducted by the Commission of European Communities in assessing the impacts of bird flu outbreak, the global loss is possibly running into billions now. Bird flu is an infection caused by avian virus natural to wild bird species. They do not get sick from it but the virus is contagious and can kill domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys. The virus does not usually infect humans; however, a case of human infection was first reported in Hong Kong in 1997. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that â€œthis resulted from contact with infected poultry or surfaces contaminated with secretion or excretions from infected birds.â€
Angle Estimation for Terahertz Ultra-Massive MIMO-Based Space-to-Air Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates terahertz ultra-massive (UM)-MIMO-based angle estimation for space-to-air communications, which can solve the performance degradation problem caused by the dual delay-beam squint effects of terahertz UM-MIMO channels. Specifically, we first design a grouping true-time delay unit module that can significantly mitigate the impact of delay-beam squint effects to establish the space-to-air THz link. Based on the subarray selection scheme, the UM hybrid array can be equivalently considered as a low-dimensional fully-digital array, and then the fine estimates of azimuth/elevation angles at both UAVs and satellite can be separately acquired using the proposed prior-aided iterative angle estimation algorithm. The simulation results that close to Cramér-Rao lower bounds verify the effectiveness of our solution.
All‐in‐one: a robust fluorescent fusion protein vector toolbox for protein localization and BiFC analyses in plants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Fluorescent tagging protein localization (FTPL) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) are popular tools for in vivo analyses of the subcellular localizations of proteins and protein–protein interactions in plant cells. The efficiency of fluorescent fusion protein (FFP) expression analyses is typically impaired when the FFP genes are co‐transformed on separate plasmids compared to when all are cloned and transformed in a single vector. Functional genomics applications using FFPs such as a gene family studies also often require the generation of multiple plasmids. Here, to address these needs, we developed an efficient, modular all‐in‐one (Aio) FFP (AioFFP) vector toolbox, including a set of fluorescently labelled organelle markers, FTPL and BiFC plasmids and associated binary vectors. This toolbox uses Gibson assembly (GA) and incorporates multiple unique nucleotide sequences (UNSs) to facilitate efficient gene cloning. In brief, this system enables convenient cloning of a target gene into various FFP vectors or the insertion of two or more target genes into the same FFP vector in a single‐tube GA reaction. This system also enables integration of organelle marker genes or fluorescently fused target gene expression units into a single transient expression plasmid or binary vector. We validated the AioFFP system by testing genes encoding proteins known to be functional in FTPL and BiFC assays. In addition, we performed a high‐throughput assessment of the accurate subcellular localizations of an uncharacterized rice CBSX protein subfamily. This modular UNS‐guided GA‐mediated AioFFP vector toolkit is cost‐effective, easy to use and will promote functional genomics research in plants.
P2.117 Effect of HAART on Gastrrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Opportunistic Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Opportunistic infections (OI) of gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobilliary system (HB) are common in HIV infected patients. Despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) GI OI have been reported in HIV infected patients. There is paucity of data from south Asia describing occurrence of GI and HB OI in AIDS with use of HAART.

Method

Study population included 74 HIV infected patients (Male = 57, Female = 17) in the age group of 17 to 63 years admitted to a tertiary care referral centre in North India from January 2011 through December 2012. Only subjects who presented with GI and HB system manifestations were enrolled in the study. 74 study subjects were stratified into HAART naïve (36) and HAART experienced (38) groups according to their HAART status on admission. HIV infection was confirmed by western blot test. Gastrointestinal and hepatobilliary pathologies including OI were diagnosed and defined as per standard protocols.

Results

In HAART experienced group 33% and in HAART naïve group 52% patients were diagnosed with OI. Esophageal candidiasis was present in 10% patients in HAART experienced group and in 7% patients in HAART naïve group (p value > 0.05). Abdominal Tuberculosis was present in 24% patients in HAART experienced group and in 33% patients in HAART naïve group (p value > 0.05). Drug induced liver injury was present in 10 patients in HAART experienced group and in 5 patients in HAART naïve group.

Conclusion

In our study we conclude that Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary OI are equally common in patients taking HAART; especially esophageal candidiasis and abdominal tuberculosis, reasons for this include HAART resistance, drug noncompliance, immune restoration inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and high prevalence of tuberculosis in this region.
B lymphocytes not required for progression from insulitis to diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Previous studies have implicated B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. While it is clear that B lymphocytes are necessary, it has not been clear at which stage of disease they play a role; early, late or both. To clarify when B lymphocytes are needed, T lymphocytes were transferred from 5‐week‐old NOD female mice to age‐matched NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) recipient mice. NOD/SCID mice, which lack functionally mature T and B lymphocytes, do not normally develop insulitis or insulin‐dependent diabetes melitus (IDDM). The NOD/SCID mice that received purified T lymphocytes from 5‐week‐old NOD mice subsequently developed insulitis and diabetes even though they did not have detectable B lymphocytes. This suggests that while B lymphocytes may be essential for an initial priming event they are not requisite for disease progression in the NOD mouse.
Demetrios of Skepsis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Demetrios of Skepsis was a Hellenistic scholar in the second century bce . His work most probably took the form of a commentary on the Catalogue of Trojans in book 2 of the Iliad ; it focused on the topographical content of the Homeric text. He took part in the debate about the location of ancient Troy and his position is reported by Strabo, who also mentions the usage Apollodoros of Athens made of the work for his own treatise on the Catalogue of Ships.
Sleep Problems, Suicidal Ideation, and Psychopathology in First-Episode Psychosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Hypothesis Insomnia occurs frequently in the clinical course of schizophrenia. A growing literature has found associations between insomnia, suicidal ideation and behavior, and psychopathology in schizophrenia. We explored associations between sleep problems, suicidal ideation, and psychopathology in a cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis. Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data for n = 403 subjects with data from the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode study using regression models. Study Results The prevalence of sleep problems and suicidal ideation at baseline was 57% and 15%, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, in the study baseline sleep problems were associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation with evidence of a dose-dependent relationship (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.15–4.41, P = .018). Over 24 months, sleep problems at any time point were associated with an over 3-fold increased odds of concurrent suicidal ideation (OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.45–7.14, P = .004). Subjects with persistent sleep problems were almost 14 times more likely to endorse suicidal ideation at least once over the study than those without sleep problems (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 6.5–53.4, P &lt; .001). Sleep problems were also a predictor of higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total (β = 0.13–0.22), positive (β = 0.14–0.25), and general (β = 0.16–0.27) subscale scores at baseline and multiple follow-up visits (P &lt; .01 for each). Conclusions Sleep problems are highly prevalent and associated with suicidal ideation and greater psychopathology in first-episode psychosis. Formal assessment and treatment of insomnia appear relevant to the clinical care of patients with psychosis as a predictor of suicidal ideation and symptom severity.
Improving Access to HIV Care for Young Mothers Living with HIV in Zimbabwe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: HIV disproportionately impacts adolescent girls and young women living in Southern Africa. Rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission are also elevated in this group, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve the health of young mothers living with HIV. A non-profit organization in Zimbabwe, Zvandiri, founded a peer-led care model, the Young Mentor Mother (YMM) program, in response to this issue. Methods: Four University of Toronto students conducted semi-structured virtual interviews (N=29) among Zvandiri staff and YMMs to identify the benefits and challenges of the YMM program. We applied deductive and inductive thematic analyses to transcriptions and performed a qualitative analysis using Dedoose software. Results: Participant [AT1] narratives revealed several themes, including three vital benefits from the YMM program: 1) peer- support, 2) holistic care, and 3) women’s empowerment. Barriers to the success of the program identified from interviews mapped onto the social-ecological model, whereby structural factors (lack of funding, food insecurity), community-level factors (HIV-related stigma, socio-cultural differences in accepting HIV care), and interpersonal factors (intimate partner violence) were found to impact the implementation and scale-up of the program. Barriers to scaling-up the YMM program included limited funds, lack of resources, and cultural and geographic differences. We also identified socio-structural challenges to scale-up, such as intimate-partner violence, food insecurity, and HIV-related stigma. Conclusion: Zvandiri’s YMM program fills an important gap in HIV care for young women and girls and has several benefits, such as peer-support, holistic care, and women’s empowerment. Future research focused on the perspectives of clients, stakeholders, and young fathers will further inform the scaling of the program to new countries and regions.
Pain in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathophysiology, Classification, and Clinical Approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Pain is a frequent yet underrecognized symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although routine clinical neurological examination generally does not reveal any abnormality of sensation in persons with PD, objective abnormalities of proprioceptive function and sensorimotor integration have been demonstrated with sophisticated testing. Painful symptoms pose a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. For diagnostic purposes, it is helpful to classify painful or unpleasant sensory symptoms into one or more of the following five categories: musculoskeletal pain, radicular or neuropathic pain, dystonia-related pain, akathitic discomfort, or primary, central parkinsonian pain. The identification of parkinsonian pain is vitally important for the effective diagnosis and treatment of pain in PD.
Data from Targeted Axl Inhibition Primes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells to Apoptosis and Shows Synergistic/Additive Effects in Combination with BTK Inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease despite aggressive therapeutic approaches. We previously found that Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) plays a critical role in CLL B-cell survival. Here, we explored the possibility of using a high-affinity Axl inhibitor as a single agent or in combination with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for future clinical trial to treat patients with CLL.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Expression/activation status of other members of the TAM (e.g., Tyro3, Axl, and MER) family of RTKs in CLL B cells was evaluated. Cells were treated with a high-affinity orally bioavailable Axl inhibitor TP-0903 with or without the presence of CLL bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Inhibitory effects of TP-0903 on the Axl signaling pathway were also evaluated in CLL B cells. Finally, cells were exposed to TP-0903 in combination with BTK inhibitors to determine any synergistic/additive effects of the combination.</p><p><b>Results:</b> CLL B cells overexpress Tyro3, but not MER. Of interest, Tyro3 remains as constitutively phosphorylated and forms a complex with Axl in CLL B cells. TP-0903 induces massive apoptosis in CLL B cells with LD<sub>50</sub> values of nanomolar ranges. Importantly, CLL BMSCs could not protect the leukemic B cells from TP-0903–induced apoptosis. A marked reduction of the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and XIAP and upregulation of the proapoptotic protein BIM in CLL B cells was detected as a result of Axl inhibition. Finally, combination of TP-0903 with BTK inhibitors augments CLL B-cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Administration of TP-0903 either as a single agent or in combination with BTK inhibitors may be effective in treating patients with CLL. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(9); 2115–26. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Disowning the Mystery: Stump's Non-Apophatic Aquinas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the face of it Aquinas stands in the mainstream of Western mystical theology, and in particular is a noteworthy proponent of negative theology. This view, however, is challenged within anglophone philosophical theology. The clearest attack on the view that Aquinas is an apophatic theologian is to be found in Eleonore Stump's Aquinas. This paper lays out Stump's reasons for reading Aquinas as non-apophatic, and shows that they are not convincing. Aquinas, it concludes, meant what he said when he claimed that we do not know what God is.
A Hybrid Markerless Approach for 2D Gait Analysis: Application to Gait of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this study, a 2D hybrid markerless technique is proposed to estimate the lower limb joint kinematics in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The markerless methodology presented is defined as hybrid since it uses garments as “segmental markers”, specifically high-cut underwear which contributes in defining the pelvis segment and ankle socks for the definition of the foot segment. This method was validated by using a stereophotogrammetric marker-based system. Differences in the joint kinematics estimates obtained with the two techniques were within the intra-subject variability. This makes the proposed hybrid technique to be a possible economical alternative for estimating the lower limb joint kinematics of children with CP.
Optical Mode Gammas, Pressure Derivatives of Elastic and Dielectric Constants, and Stability of Rutile‐Structure Fluorides in the Rigid Ion Approximation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The microscopic Grueneisen parameters of all optical modes at zero wave vector, and the pressure derivatives of the elastic and dielectric constants of the difluorides XF, (X = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) have been calculated from a rigid ion model with an effective ionic charge and with first and second nearest neighbor Born‐Mayer‐type central force short range interaction. The parameters of the model were previously determined from zero pressure values of the optical frequencies and elastic constants. The calculated values agree quite well with the few available experimental data. Several optical mode frequencies and elastic constant eigenvalues have negative pressure coefficients, which reflects and is related to the presence of several high pressure phases.