jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monkey pox virus: A review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The monkey pox virus, which was formerly only found in Africa, is a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopox virus disease that has drawn increasing attention because of its potential to spread from person to person and because it has recently become more prevalent throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The origin of this virus is still unknown, and as the COVID-19 pandemic starts to fade, several countries throughout the world are now dealing with a new outbreak. The virus that causes monkey pox is communicable between humans and animals and is a member of the Orthopox virus genus within the poxviridae family. The 1970s saw an increase in monkey pox cases as a result of the smallpox immunization being discontinued, a development that garnered attention worldwideThe virus was named monkey pox because it was first observed in macaque monkey’s . It thought to be transmitted by several different rodents and small mammals, though the origin of the virus is not known. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure or treatment for monkey pox , however, supportive care can be offered to improve its symptoms. In several cases, medication like ST-246 may be administered. However, there are no established guidelines for symptom management in monkey pox cases. In this article we have discussed about different aspects of monkey pox virus replication, structure, transmission, vaccination, clinical manifestations, treatment and current recurrence in the world. We will also review the recent outbreak through a Political lens as related to decision making strategies, especially given the lessons learn from COVID-19.
ELEVATED EXTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM AS A STIMULUS FOR RELEASING [3H]NOREPINEPHRINE AND [14C]α‐AMINOISOBUTYRATE FROM NEOCORTICAL SLICES. SPECIFICITY AND CALCIUM DEPENDENCY OF THE PROCESS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract —The effect of short (4–6 min)‘pulses’ of elevated extracellular potassium ions K 0 , in the 10–50 m m range, on the efflux of [ 3 H]norepinephrine [ 3 H]NE) and [ 14 C]α‐aminoisobutyrate (AIB) has been studied in a superfused neocortical thin slice system. At all the concentrations tested high K 0 increases the efflux of both NE and AIB, although thc effects on the former are greater. In the absence of calcium ions, or in the presence of 8 m m ‐MnCl 2 , the potassium‐stimulated release of both NE and AIB is severely depressed. However, potassium induced NE release is proportional to extracellular calcium ions in the 0–1.5 m m range, while that of AIB does not continue to increase above 0.2 m m ‐calcium. This permissive role of calcium in amino acid efflux is interpreted as due to changes in the inactivation of membrane sodium conductance.
Less is more, or is it? Age and Gender Differences in How Students Build Momentum toward College Graduation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Do older community college students build momentum toward graduation differently than their younger peers? One-third of students in community colleges are 25 years of age or older, and these students tend to have lower rates of graduation than their younger peers. Yet, we know little about how the factors that influence college graduation differ across the wide range of ages found among community college students. Using multilevel statistical models to analyze data for Ohio’s community colleges, we investigate how the relationships between early academic momentum and the likelihood of completing a postsecondary credential vary by age. We disaggregate results by gender in light of prior evidence of differences in the educational experiences and outcomes of adult men and women. The measures of momentum, all observed in the first year in community college, include credits earned, credit success rate, enrollment continuity, passing college-level math, and passing college-level English. The college graduation outcomes, observed over six years, include earning a postsecondary certificate, earning an associate degree from a community college, and earning a baccalaureate degree from a four-year institution. We find some differences and some similarities in how older and younger students build momentum toward a postsecondary credential, and how these patterns differ for men and women, revealing fruitful opportunities to strengthen the outcomes of older students.
Closure of loop ileostomy after low anterior rectal resection and restorative proctocolectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Low pelvic anastomoses are associated with a high leak rate. Loop ileostomies are commonly performed during ileoanal and coloanal anastomoses. This study was undertaken to review our experience with loop ileostomy closure after low anterior rectal resection and restorative proctocolectomy. Patients and methods: One hundred sixty five patients undergoing loop ileostomy closure at a single institution after coloanal and ileoanal anastomoses for rectal carcinoma (n=148) ulcerative colitis (n=9) and FAP (n=8) from January 2003 to December 2006. Fecal diversion was maintained for a mean 13,5 weeks. Results: Of the 165 patients, 100 were male and 65 female with mean age 59 (range 23-83 years). Overall, complication rate was 10,9 per cent. The common complication were sub occlusion six patients, occlusion three patients, wound infection eight patients and abdominal sepsis one patient. Complications required operative management in four cases. There was no mortality related to ileostomy. Conclusion: The study shown that ileostomy closure is a safe and effective with generally minor complications and should be considered as a safe alterative for fecal diversion.
Natural convection of liquid around a small magnetic sphere under induction heating

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since magnetic particles are remotely heated by an external alternating magnetic field, they have received a lot of interest to be used for local heating in various fields. For example, one of the promising applications is magnetic hyperthermia in the medical field. When a temperature difference is locally generated by a small heated sphere in liquid, natural convection occurs, and largely affects the temperature and velocity fields. However, a transient temperature field during natural convection in such a small region has never been directly measured. In this study, using the temperature imaging method based on the temperature dependence of the absorption band of water in the near-infrared region, we investigated the natural convection around a 1-mm-dimater magnetic sphere heated inductively in several liquid. By applying the inverse Abel transform to the absorbance profile along each horizontal line in the image acquired by this method, three-dimensional axisymmetric distributions of the absorption coefficient were obtained, and converted to those of the temperature. The results revealed delay time due to natural convection in liquids with different viscosities. Furthermore, these results were verified by comparison with numerical simulation results. This research is expected to be used for clarifying the influence of heat transfer by natural convection.
"Figure 14c" of "Measurement of jet activity produced in top-quark events with an electron, a muon and two $b$-tagged jets in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measured Gap fraction within |y|<2.1 as a function of Q0 for invariant mass region 425 GeV< m_{emubb} < 600GeV
Preparation of a Reduced Graphene Oxide @ Stainless Steel Net Electrode and Its Application of Electrochemical Removal Pb(II)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel RGO@SSN electrode prepared by directly electrodepositing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on stainless steel net (SSN) was applied to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The RGO@SSN electrode exhibits substantial apparent current densities and the presence of RGO on SSN affects the morphology of deposited crystal. After electrochemical treatment with RGO@SSN for 200 min, the Pb(II) removal efficiency of Pb(II) solution (1000 mg L−1) gets to 97.2%, which is promoted by 12.0% compared to that with the SSN treatment. The removal rate of RGO@SSN is 4.45 times higher than that of SSN. The polarization resistance is promoted by 55.3 and 89.5% in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M HCl solution, respectively, indicating stronger protection against corrosion. Moreover, the RGO@SSN electrode can be efficiently recycled in dilute HNO3 solution. These results suggest that RGO@SSN electrode possesses a good potential to be applied for the treatment of Pb(II) in wastewater.
Proposal of Curvature Control Method for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Transducer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method of controlling the focal length of concave ultrasonic transducers using a flexible surface with arrayed piezoelectric elements is proposed. The surface made of a silicon rubber has a different curvature depending on the air pressure of the inner space of the transducer housing. The acoustic fields of the transducer were measured and compared with the simulated ones. The ultrasonic field from the transducer converged with a different shape with the deflection of the surface. We confirmed the possibility that the focal point of the transducer could be easily controlled by the method.
Purine excretion by mammalian cells deficient in adenosine kinase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An adenosine kinaseless (AK − ) mutant of the mouse fibroblast line 3T6 has been obtained in cell culture by evolution of resistance to 6‐thio‐methylpurine ribonucleoside and tubercidin. The mutant excretes purines (xanthine and hypoxanthine) into the culture medium. Human or mouse cells lacking hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPT − ) excrete increased amounts of purines, but a human cell mutant lacking both HPT and AK excretes considerably more hypoxanthine. The difference in hypoxanthine excretion between the HPT − mutant and the HPT − AK − mutant originates from the adenosine normally reutilized through the activity of adenosine kinase. The activity of adenosine kinase is essential to retard the adenosine cycle and to prevent cellular loss of purines.
Estimating Task Completion Times for Network Rollouts using Statistical Models within Partitioning-based Regression Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a data and Machine Learning-based forecasting solution for the Telecommunications network-rollout planning problem. Milestone completion-time estimation is crucial to network-rollout planning; accurate estimates enable better crew utilisation and optimised cost of materials and logistics. Using historical data of milestone completion times, a model needs to incorporate domain knowledge, handle noise and yet be interpretable to project managers. This paper proposes partition-based regression models that incorporate data-driven statistical models within each partition, as a solution to the problem. Benchmarking experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains competitive to better performance, at a small fraction of the model complexity of the best alternative approach based on Gradient Boosting. Experiments also demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective for both short and long-range forecasts. The proposed idea is applicable in any context requiring time-series regression with noisy and attributed data.
[Congenital muscular dystrophy. Report of 8 cases with evidence of central nervous system involvement].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twelve patients with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) diagnosed by clinical and laboratorial criteria were submitted to CT scanning. Eight patients presented diffuse bilateral hypodensity of the white matter with predominance in the frontal lobes. These findings are indicative that CNS involvement in CMD is not confined to the Japanese population. Such involvement strongly suggests that the disease is transmitted by an autosomal recessive polymorphic gene responsible for the involvement of both CNS and skeletal muscle.
RACE, FILM, AND COLLECTIVE DESTINY - Cara Caddoo. Envisioning Freedom, Cinema and the Building of Modern Black Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014. 294 pp. $35.00 (hardcover), ISBN 0-6743-6805-3.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

RACE, FILM, AND COLLECTIVE DESTINY - Cara Caddoo. Envisioning Freedom, Cinema and the Building of Modern Black Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014. 294 pp. $35.00 (hardcover), ISBN 0-6743-6805-3. - Volume 14 Issue 2
Testing low-temperature atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide in a 36” chamber

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A new atomic layer deposition (ALD) tool, named the meter-scale ALD system (MSAS), has been designed, constructed, and tested to apply uniform protective coatings over a substrate 36" in diameter. The novel chamber design utilizes a large substrate to be coated as a wall of the chamber. We discuss conceptual design and implementation of this new tool with potential applications to large astronomical optics, specifically protective coatings for silver telescope mirrors, and other large structures. In this work, trimethylaluminum and water was used to deposit aluminum oxide at a low reaction temperature of 60°C. Growth rates, dependent on precursor pulse times and chamber purge times, show that the two half-reactions occur in a saturated regime, which demonstrates typical characteristics of ideal ALD behavior. Thickness uniformity across a 36" substrate is within 2.5% of the average film thickness. MSAS aluminum oxide deposition process parameters are compared with those of a conventional 4" wafer-scale ALD tool. The results show promising application of transparent robust dielectric films as uniform barriers across large optical components.
Figure S6 from Toxicology and Pharmacokinetic Studies in Mice and Nonhuman Primates of the Nontoxic, Efficient, Targeted Hexameric FasL: CTLA4-FasL

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Transient and reversible decrease of lymphocytes subpopulations in treated monkeys</p>
[Prolongation of the survival of skin allografts by intravenous injection of neuraminidase-treated donor bone marrow cells in rats].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To optimize the best concentration of neuraminidase (Neu) that enhances the migration of neuraminidase (Neu)-treated donor bone marrow cells (dBMCs) to the liver, and observe the influence of short-term cyclosporin A(CsA) application combined with intravenous injection (i.v.) of Ne treated dBMCs on the survival of skin allografts.The experiment consisted of two parts. For selection of an appropriate concentration of Neu, 26 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The dBMCs were prepared by routine method and treated with four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 U/ml) of Neu at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The untreated and Neu-treated dBMCs were labeled by 99mTc, and injected via the tail veins to female Wistar rats in each group, respectively. After five hours, the radioactivity of various organs collected from sacrificed rats was measured by a gamma counter, and the values were expressed as percentage of total radioactivity of all organs from the same rat. To observe the survival of skin allograft, 23 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, untreated dBMCs group and Neu-treated dBMCs group. All rats in each group were grafted with skin allografts from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The dBMCs from the same donor without and with Neu treatment by the concentration selected from the above experiment were injected via the tail veins of female Wistar rats in untreated dBMCs group and Neu-treated dBMCs group, respectively. Rats in untreated dBMCs group and Neu-treated dBMCs group received CsA (10 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) at 2 and 5 days post-grafting. Neither dBMCs or CsA were given in the control group. The survival of allograft skin in each group was checked and photographed daily after 5 days post operation.When the concentration of Neu was 1.0 U/ml, the percentage of dBMCs in liver was (75.3 +/- 9.8) %, which was obviously higher than that in 0 U/ml group [(58.9 +/- 4.2%)], (P < 0.01), indicating that the optimal concentration of Neu was 1.0 U/ml. The survival time of skin allografts in rats of Neu-treated dBMCs group was prolonged significantly in comparison with that of the rats in dBMCs group without Neu treatment (P < 0.01). The survival time in both dBMCs group and Neu-treated dBMCs group was longer that of control group (P < 0.01), and it was prolonged in Neu-treated dBMCs group compared with that in dBMC group.Administration of proper concentration of Neu can increase the affinity of dBMCs to the liver, and promote the Neu-treated dBMCs to migrate to liver. The intravenous injection of Neu-treated dBMCs combined with short-term CsA administration can delay the rejection of skin allografts in rats.
Association of Monocyte/HDL-C Ratio with the Selvester QRS Score in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aim: Recently, monocyte to high density lipoprotein (MHR) has been recommended as a new prognostic factor of cardiovascular diseases. the value of this scoring system have been documented by previous studies in predicting prognosis ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMA°). However, no study is currently available regarding the association of MHR and the selvester score in predicting the outcomes among patients with STEMA°.
Materials and methods: We evaluated a cohort of 99 consecutive patients who were admitted to our tertiary referral centre with STEMA° and under-went first primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) between June and September in 2016. The Selvester QRS score was estimated on the first electrocardiogram (ECG) after hospital admission. MHR was calculated for all patients. A total of 99 patients with ST elevation ACS were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. These were 52 patients in the low selvester score and 44 patients in the high selvester group. We investigate the relationship between selvester score and MHR ratio in
Results: MHR was positively correlated with the Selvester score (r=0.467, P<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHR was an independent predictor of high selvester scores in prognosis of STEMA° (odds ratio: 2.565, 95% CI: 1.509-4.361; P<0.001). The area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve of the MHR was 0.749 (0.647-0.852; P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study have indicated that MHR is associated independently and significantly with high selvester score system in prognosis of STEMI.
Photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of electron-doped colossal magnetoresistance manganite: La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 film

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electronic structure of La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 (LCeMO) thin film has been investigated using photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The Ce 3d core-level PES and XAS spectra of LCeMO are very similar to those of CeO2, indicating that Ce ions are far from being trivalent. A very weak 4f resonance is observed around the Ce 4d $\to$ 4f absorption edge, suggesting that the localized Ce 4f states are almost empty in the ground state. The Mn 2p XAS spectrum reveals the existence of the Mn(2+) multiplet feature, confirming the Mn(2+)-Mn(3+) mixed-valent states of Mn ions in LCeMO. The measured Mn 3d PES/XAS spectra for LCeMO agrees reasonably well with the calculated Mn 3d PDOS using the LSDA+U method. The LSDA+U calculation predicts a half-metallic ground state for LCeMO.
A new species of the genus Cyparium from northern Sulawesi, Indonesia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ryo Ogawa, Ivan Löbl, Kaoru Maeto (2016): A new species of the genus Cyparium from northern Sulawesi, Indonesia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1): 195-201, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.270103
Comparison between Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring in High-Risk Prolonged Surgeries in a Medical College of Assam

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Blood pressure monitoring in intraoperative period is one of the basic parameters in haemodynamic monitoring. This guides an anaesthesiologist to maintain an optimal condition between the patient’s stress condition and the depth of anaesthesia. Blood pressure can be measured either invasively or non-invasively in patients undergoing surgery. Invasive measurement from an arterial line is the preferred method even though there may be calibration errors, movement artefacts and over or under damping. The gold standard in cases of high-risk prolonged surgery is continuous monitoring of blood pressure by means of invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement. The purpose of this study was to compare the non-invasive and invasive blood pressure monitoring in patients undergoing high risk surgeries METHODS After getting institutional ethical committee (H) clearance, study was conducted on 40 patients undergoing high-risk prolonged surgeries. Non-invasive blood pressures (NIBP) were recorded by oscillometric method before intubation, after intubation, half an hour after intubation and one hour after intubation. Simultaneously invasive blood pressure monitoring was done by establishing radial artery line. Bland-Altman plot was used to compare the blood pressure measurement by the non-invasive and invasive method. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure readings using non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was overestimated, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) readings using noninvasive blood pressure monitoring was underestimated in all instances. In all time points non-invasive blood pressure showed a good correlation with invasive blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that there is statistically significant difference between noninvasive and invasive blood pressure readings. We recommend invasive blood pressure monitoring in high-risk surgeries and critically ill patients, although a large-scale study is required to arrive at a conclusion. KEYWORDS Non-invasive Blood Pressure, Invasive Blood Pressure, Bland-Altman Analysis, High Risk Surgery
[The challenge for precision treatment of obstructive sleep apnea].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）主要表现为睡眠中反复发生上气道塌陷，目前衡量病情严重程度的指标是呼吸暂停低通气指数和夜间血氧饱和度。但是，不同的致病因素使得OSA的临床表现、病理生理学机制、预后等存在异质性，仅以上述两个指标不能够完全表达OSA的病情；目前OSA的主要治疗方法——持续气道正压通气、口腔矫治器、手术，也不能覆盖所有的OSA患者。因此，OSA呼唤精准治疗，而精准治疗的前提是明确OSA亚型，目前缺乏大的亚型数据库成为精准治疗面临的最大挑战，本文将就此进行探讨。.