jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gendered Segregation in Danish Standing Parliamentary Committees 1990-2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Denmark was among the first countries to achieve female enfranchisement to the national parliament (1915) and it is a society with a long tradition for gender equality policies and women’s rights. 100 years later, the Danish case gives grounds for reflections on gender balance, on segregation and positions occupied by women in national parliaments. Drawing on insights from literature on gender and politics and on parliamentary committees, the article asks what the gendered distribution of seats and chairs is in the Danish parliament, the Folketing, and what can explain these gendered patterns. To answer these questions, this article investigates the horizontal and vertical gendered segregation of standing parliamentary committees of the Danish parliament 1990-2015 based on an explorative, longitudinal study. The results show that the Danish parliament is characterized by both vertical and horizontal segregation in relation to parliamentary committees. Both categories of segregation are declining over time, but the analysis reveals interesting patterns of change and stability especially for the horizontal segregation. Several committees have an over-representation (social, education and research and health) and under-representation of women (defence, finance and transport). A number of committees are characterized by a share of 30-40% women. This category is especially interesting as it points towards a decline in horizontal representation.
Using a wiki to publish a research guide

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the use of wiki to publish a guide to the forced migration reference literature. Design/methodology/approach A case study format is employed to review the process of choosing an online publishing option, and selecting, building and maintaining the wiki. Findings A wiki is an easy way to present a lot of material to a wide audience. Originality/value The article discusses the first major wiki to be developed as a reference source for the forced migration information community.
Stiffness and thermal expansion predictions for hybrid short fiber composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A model is developed to predict thermal expansion coefficients and elastic moduli of multi‐component (hybrid) composites. The model includes the influences of fiber aspect ratio; isotropic and anisotropic fiber materials; planar, three‐dimensional or arbitrary fiber orientation; hollow and solid spherical reinforcements; and voids. The first step in the procedure is to predict the properties of an aligned‐fiber single‐reinforcement composite for each reinforcement type. Various micro‐mechanics approaches are used, depending on the type of reinforcement. A simplified version of Lee and Westmann's theory is found to work well for hollow spherical reinforcements. Performing an orientation average accounts for the spatial orientation of each reinforcement, then an aggregate averaging procedure combines the single‐reinforcement properties to model the hybrid. Predictions of the model compare favorably to experimental elastic and thermal properties of short fiber/hollow sphere composites designed for very high speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) board applications.
Bmi-1 Gene is Correlated with the Proliferation and Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Human Fetal Bone Marrow

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To understand whether Bmi-1(B cell specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1) gene participates the proliferation and senescence of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human fetal bone marrow.Methods:Mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by lentiviral vectors encoding human-Bmi-1or GFP.At 0,72,120 and 168 h after transfection,the Bmi-1 mRNA transcription level was measured by Real-time PCR and the relative expression level was calculated by the formula:(Bmi-1/GAPDH of RNAi group)/(Bmi-1/GAPDH of GFP control).The cell number of BrdU incorporation and senescence were observed under microscope.Results:The transfection efficiency,identified by GFP fluorescence,was more than 90% in both human-Bmi-1 RNAi group and GFP control group.At 0 h,72 h,120 h,and 168 h after transfection,the relative expression level of Bmi-1 was(100±21)%,(28±18)%,(55±21)% and(58±22)%.Compared with 0 h,the relative expression level of Bmi-1 at 72 h,120 h and 168 h was significantly decreased.Furthermore,the number of senescent cells increased significantly after Bmi-1 knockout.Conclusion:Bmi-1 participates in the maintenance of proliferation and juvenescence of MSCs,which is isolated from human fetal bone marrow.
FIGURE 29 in Annotated type catalogue of the leafhoppers and treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) deposited in the collection of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Guanajuato, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 29. Paratype of Poppea evelyna (Plummer, 1935). A—Dorsal view; B—Lateral view; C—Anterior view; D— Labels.
Urbanity, Rurality, and Adolescent Substance Use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An important but understudied aspect of substance use research is its relationship to characteristics of the community, including if there are differences in the association between peer and family factors with use between youth living in rural and urban areas. The results of this study are based on a statewide survey of approximately 4,400 youth in a southwestern state. It tested for the inequality of coefficients from regression equations on three measures of substance use: an overall scale, alcohol use, and marijuana use. The relationship of peer influence on substance use was stronger among urban-located youth; however, there were no rural-urban differences for family factors.
The Synergistic Activity and Optimizing Doses of Tigecycline in Combination with Aminoglycosides against Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), especially carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), are among the largest pathogenic threats to humans. The available antibiotic treatment options for combating CRKP are limited. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CoRE) have also been reported worldwide, including in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and synergistic activities of antibiotics of CRKP, and (2) to determine the probability target of attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data. Clinical CRKP isolates were obtained from Phramongkutklao Hospital (June to November 2020). Broth microdilution and checkerboard techniques were used to determine the mono- and synergistic activities of antibiotics. Carbapenemase and mcr-1 genes were also identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The optimal antibiotic regimens were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Forty-nine CRKP isolates were collected, 40 of which were CoRKP strains. The MIC50 and MIC90 of tigecycline, amikacin, and gentamicin were 1 and 2 µg/mL, 4 and 16 µg/mL, and 0.25 and 4 µg/mL, respectively. None of any isolates expressed the mcr-1 gene, whereas blaOXA-48 (53.1%) and blaOXA-48 plus blaNDM (42.9%) were detected. Synergistic activity was observed in 8.2% of isolates for tigecycline combined with amikacin or gentamicin. Additive activity was observed in 75.5% of isolates for tigecycline-amikacin and 69.4% for tigecycline-gentamicin, and no antagonism was observed. High-dose antibiotic regimens achieved the PTA target. The general recommended dose of combination regimens began with 200 mg tigecycline and 25 mg/kg amikacin, or 7 mg/kg gentamicin, followed by 100 mg tigecycline every 12 h and 15 mg/kg amikacin or 5 mg/kg gentamicin every 24 h. In conclusion, tigecycline plus aminoglycosides might be a potential regimen against CRKP and CoRKP. The appropriate combination regimen based on MIC-based dose adjustment can improve optimal antibiotic dosing. Further research via clinical studies will be necessary to confirm these results.
The Coast News

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Serving a Progressive and Growing Area on B.C's Southern Coast. Covers Sechelt, Gibson's Landing, Port Mellon, Woodfibre, Squamish, Irvine's Landing, Half Moon Bay, Hardy Island, Pender Harbour, Wilson Creek, Roberts Creek, Grantham's Landing, Egmont, Hopkin's Landing, Brackendale, Cheekeye, etc.
Physicochemical Principles and Clinical Results Concerning the Conservative Treatment of Kidney Stones

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Physicochemical principles and clinical results concerning the conservative treatment of kidney stones are discussed. Litholytic agents, developed over the last decades, are able to dissolve a number of kidney stones either directly through a retrograde irrigation of the kidney cavities or indirectly by using suitable drugs which can be administered orally or intravenously. Both ways of administration have their advantages and problems. The relation of chemical, physical, bacteriological, anatomical and metabolic factors to stone formation, as well as to stone dissolution and/or stone prophylaxis (metaphylaxis), is demonstrated. In addition, attention is called to the four physical factors – (1) crystallizing propensity, (2) exceeding the saturation point of the urine, (3) urine pH, and (4) 'salting out' effect – and their influence on stone formation. Factors promoting or preventing crystallization are classified in a biological relation. According to this 'relation, it is theoretically possible by selective elimination of substances promoting crystallization to achieve suitable conditions for dissolving uric acid, phosphate and L-cystine stones and also to inhibit stone formation (prophylaxis/metaphylaxis). The frequency of recurrent calcium oxalate calculi can be reduced by achieving 'anti-salting out' conditions in human urine. These ideas were proved experimentally and in a preliminary clinical study with a limited number of kidney-stone patients.
Distribution of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital and Its Potential Relationship with Virulence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aim: In this study, we aimed to characterize the CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates and to investigate the potential association of CRISPR-Cas systems with bacterial virulence. Methods: A total of 168 CRKP strains were collected from inpatients in a teaching hospital in Jiangxi Province. Five common carbapenemase genes, subtype genes of the CRISPR-Cas system, and 13 virulence genes were amplified by PCR using specific primers. The potential virulence of all the clinical CRKP strains was tested in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Results: PCR analysis of five common carbapenemase genes revealed the frequency of carbapenemase gene KPC-2 was the highest in the CRISPR-negative strains, compared to CRISPR type I-E* strains or CRISPR type I-E strains (p < 0.01). Isolates having the subtype I-E* CRISPR-Cas system tended to have more virulence genes such as magA, kfu, wcaG, and allS, compared to CRISPR-negative isolates and type I-E CRISPR-Cas isolates (p < 0.01). The average survival time of the larvae infected with the isolates having the subtype I-E* CRISPR-Cas system was significantly shorter than the other two group isolates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The CRKP strains, which had the subtype I-E CRISPR-Cas system or the subtype I-E* CRISPR-Cas system, showed reduced acquisition of carbapenemase genes compared to CRISPR-negative isolates. Importantly, we first found that a small portion of "CR-hvKP" strains were selected from the CRKP clones, which had the type I-E* CRISPR-Cas systems.
Undermining Derk Pereboom’s Hard Incompatibilist Position Against Agent-causation : A Metatheoretical Work on the Topic of Metaphysics and Metaethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author has attempted a dubbleedged purpose, as indicated by the title. The author firstly deals with Pereboom; begining with his so-called ‘wild coincidence’-argument, by which Pereboom claims agent-causation to be unlikely. The author argues that this argument lacks both scope and strenght. The author then deals with the question of compatiblity between physics and agent-causation as related to Pereboom’s basic problematization; whether agent-causation would or would not diverge from what is expected (from any other event) given our best physical theories. This results in a strong criticism against Pereboom’s whole position, and a positive argument for agent-causation. After the first purpose is achieved, the author turns to the purpose indicated by the subtitle. The author presents a general criticism against the field of metaethics concerning the question of free will. The author also makes suggestions for a possible solution.
Paradigms of actinorhizal symbiosis under the regime of global climatic changes: New insights and perspectives

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nitrogen occurs as inert and inaccessible dinitrogen gaseous form (N 2 ) in the atmosphere. Biological nitrogen fixation is a chief process that makes this dinitrogen (N 2 ) accessible and bioavailable in the form of ammonium (NH 4 + ) ions. The key organisms to fix nitrogen are certain prokaryotes, called diazotrophs either in the free‐living form or establishing significant mutual relationships with a variety of plants. On such examples is ~95–100 MY old incomparable symbiosis between dicotyledonous trees and a unique actinobacterial diazotroph in diverse ecosystems. In this association, the root of the certain dicotyledonous tree (~25 genera and 225 species) belonging to three different taxonomic orders, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales (FaCuRo) known as actinorhizal trees can host a diazotroph, Frankia of order Frankiales. Frankia is gram‐positive, branched, filamentous, sporulating, and free‐living soil actinobacterium. It resides in the specialized, multilobed, and coralloid organs (lateral roots but without caps), the root nodules of actinorhizal tress. This review aims to provide systematic information on the distribution and the phylogenetic diversity of hosts from FaCuRo and their micro‐endosymbionts ( Frankia spp.), colonization mechanisms, and signaling pathways. We also aim to provide details on developmental and physiological imperatives for gene regulation and functional genomics of symbiosis, phenomenal restoration ecology, influences of contemporary global climatic changes, and anthropogenic impacts on plant– Frankia interactions for the functioning of ecosystems and the biosphere.
Entomology in the Pacific Branch--Plus and Minus Fifty Years: Undergraduate and Graduate Training

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The past 50 years have witnessed many changes and advances in the training of undergraduate and graduate majors in entomology at Western universities. Forty and fifty years ago the only teaching department with much stature in the West was at the University of California at Berkeley. Today, there are fine departments of entomology in many of the Western States, including three outstanding departments in Cal ifornia. My comments today about undergraduate and graduate training are based on information supplied by department Chairmen of our western departments.
Lepidopterous Insects Found in the Nursery of the Four Species of the Genus Shorea in Bogor, Indonesia.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Larvae of Lepidopterous on the four species of Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) insects were collected from nursery in Bogar, Indonesia. They were reared in the laboratory and identified to species level by adult stage. Amongst ca. 300 collected individuals, 127 adults were emerged, which included 27 speces in 11 families. The most abundant species was Olene inc/usa Walker (Lymantriidae) followed by Orgyia postica Walker (Lymantriidae). The family Lymantriidae was the most prosperous group on the Shorea juveniles in the nursery. Shorea leprosula and S. selanica raised many individuals and many species of Lepidoptera. However, S. javanica and S. pinango did not. An unidentified species of the family Lycaenidae was specific to S. javanica. The Noctuid moth, Ischyja manilia, was also biased to S. javanica.
Microstructural Design of Toughened Ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The fracture toughness of ceramics can be improved by the incorporation of a variety of discontinuous, elastic reinforcing phases that generate a crack‐bridging zone. Recent models of toughening by crack‐bridging processes are discussed and used to describe the behavior observed in whisker‐reinforced ceramics. The toughening response in ceramics reinforced with other types of discontinuous reinforcements is then considered (e.g., matrix and second‐phase platelike grains, elongated matrix grains, and grain‐size effects in noncubic matrices). It is shown that crack‐bridging toughening processes can be combined with other bridging mechanisms and with other toughening mechanisms (e.g., transformation toughening) to achieve synergistic effects. From these discussions, it is shown that the design of the toughened materials relies heavily on the control of the material properties and microstructural components influencing the toughening behavior to optimize the contributions of both the reinforcing phase and the matrix.
Pre‐training interventions to counteract seductive details in virtual reality training programs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We propose that (a) certain aspects of virtual reality (VR) training programs are seductive details, (b) these seductive details prompt trainee distraction and/or cognitive overload, and (c) pre‐training interventions can benefit learning from VR training programs by targeting these mechanisms. In Study 1, we apply a meta‐cognitive strategy pre‐training intervention, which targets distraction, and a habituation pre‐training intervention, which targets cognitive overload. Habituation had no effect, whereas meta‐cognitive strategies worsened learning. Qualitative results indicated the meta‐cognitive strategy intervention prompted trainees to become more cognitively engaged in the distracting seductive details of the VR training program. In Study 2, we tested an alternative pre‐training intervention, attentional advice, to reduce distraction and increase learning. The attentional advice pre‐training intervention was successful, as trainees demonstrated greater learning when provided attentional advice. Together, all proposals were supported. VR can contain seductive details that cause distraction, and attentional advice can improve learning by reducing distraction.
Identification of Metabolites through GC/LC–MS Processed Data using Different Reference Libraries and Their Comparison

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Much significant advancement has been reported in the last few years in the field of metabolomics studies. The high-end computer applications are already contributing to the research and analysis in the field of life sciences. There are many hardware and softwares available, which can be used with various biomolecular separation and analysis instruments like chromatography, mass spectroscopy (MS), NMR, etc. The metabolite identification is the crucial part of the metabolomics study. The biosample collected from any resource need to be analysed from GC/LC–MS or NMR-type instrumentation to precisely identify the compounds present in the sample qualitatively and quantitatively. There are many tools and databases already available which can be used for the pre-processing, processing and analysis of raw data generated from these instruments. Various reference libraries are also available, which can be used for the identification of metabolites present in the sample after the processing of raw data. In this study, we have reviewed and compared different libraries and tools available for the metabolite identification from GC/ LC–MS data.
Micro-objective manipulated with optical tweezers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A microscope is described that uses a μm-sized ball lens, which is here termed micro-objective, manipulated with optical tweezers to image the side view of the arbitrary region of a sample. Since this micro-objective is small in size, it can go into a concave region to produce a local image of the inside which the conventional microscope cannot observe. Preliminary results show good lens performance from the micro-objective when combined with optical tweezers.
Tomato Fruits Disease Detection Using Image Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Utilizing photographs and machine vision to accurately determine and categorize fruits throughout growing is critical, not only for reducing employment human morphology data evaluations also for optimizing harvest tasks. Computer learning-based approaches have been introduced as the province in several picture classification tasks, and they show a great deal of promise in demanding sectors like farming, in which they can cope with Great Dividing Range in background includes than classic machine vision approaches.The Upgraded KNN and SVM classification techniques were used to recognize tomato fruit illnesses and maturation phases in images taken in a conservatory. Even though the current work's performance measures were obtained utilizing high resolution photos, experimental data on disease diagnosis of tomato fruits employing photos held captive in greenhouses with an Authentic Perception camera have been gathered, and the construction project delivery greater accuracy of disease diagnosis recognition and segmentation of tomato ripening process employing ESVM (Enhanced SVM) with 94.036 percent accuracy.
A Hermeneutic-Phenomenological Study of Conversion Disorder: A Patient’s Perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Conversion disorder (CD) is a mental illness with a long and complicated history. The disorder continues to be difficult to diagnose and treat. This paper presents the results of a hermeneutic-phenomenological inquiry into the lived experience of the disorder. It is hoped that the insights discovered can help physicians work with clients who have a somatic based illness. Written journal entries compiled during the first symptoms of the illness, a search for a diagnosis, receiving a diagnosis of conversion disorder and experiences after diagnosis were used. Themes and sub themes were identified until the “lived experience” of conversion disorder was articulated. The findings of this study reveal that the lived experience of CD can disrupt a person such that they have a disintegration of self and world. This is a result of the break in self-concept, sense of coherence and self-efficacy. Five themes discovered using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). They are: 1) a break in the sense of coherence and self-concept; the subjective experience of a sudden, significant, alteration of physical capacity and wellness. This includes perceptual confusion and emotions such as fear, that arise from such a change 2) the negotiation of emotions of guilt, shame and vulnerability resulting from illness 3) the change in self-concept as a direct consequence of illness that is not biological in origin or attributed to volition 4) the need for support to navigate the significant change in self-concept, break in sense of coherence and self-efficacy 5) acceptance as the means to create a continuation of self from the past into the future.