jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Selective Fusion of Heterogeneous Classifiers for Predicting Substrates of Membrane Transporters

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Membrane transporters play a crucial role in determining fate of administered drugs in a biological system. Early identification of plausible transporters for a drug molecule can provide insights into its therapeutic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological profiles. In the present study, predictive models for classifying small molecules into substrates and nonsubstrates of various pharmaceutically important membrane transporters were developed using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and proteochemometric (PCM) approaches. For this purpose, 4575 substrate interactions for these transporters were collected from the Metabolism and Transport Database (Metrabase) and the literature. The transporters selected for this study include (i) six efflux transporters, viz., breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1), and multidrug resistance proteins (MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP4), and (ii) seven influx transporters, viz., organic cation transporter (OCT1/SO22A1), peptide transporter (PEPT1/SO15A1), apical sodium-bile acid transporter (ASBT/NTCP2), and organic anion transporting peptides (OATP1A2/SO1A2, OATP1B/SO1B1, OATP1B3/SO1B3, and OATP2B1/SO2B1). Various types of descriptors and machine learning methods (classifiers) were evaluated for the development of robust predictive models. Additionally, ensemble models were developed by bagging of homogeneous classifiers and selective fusion of heterogeneous classifiers. It was observed that the latter approach improves the accuracy of substrate/nonsubstrate prediction for transporters (average correct classification rate of more than 0.80 for external validation). Moreover, structural fragments important in determining the substrate specificity across the various transporters were identified. To demonstrate these fragments on the query molecule, contour maps were generated. The prediction efficacy of the developed models was illustrated by a good correlation between the reported logBB value of a molecule and its predicted substrate propensity for blood-brain barrier transporters. Conclusively, this comprehensive modeling analysis can be efficiently employed for the prediction of membrane transporters of a drug, thereby providing insights into its pharmacological profile.
Commodification in Urban Planning: Exploring the Habitus of Practitioners in a Neoliberal Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The concept of habitus, as introduced by Pierre Bourdieu, serves as a lens to understand the subjective dispositions and perceptions that influence decision-making within the social realm. This study delves into the intricate relationship between urban planners’ habitus and the commodification processes inherent in a neoliberal society. Through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 27 Chilean urban planners, this research identifies typologies that capture their disciplinary stances on three pivotal urbanism facets: the city’s conceptualization, the nuances of urban practice, and visions of utopia. A salient finding is the palpable tension urban planners experience, torn between the aspiration to foster a well-conceived city and the commodifying forces that shape decision-making. This commodification of the planner’s ethos emerges as a byproduct of entrenched neoliberal institutional practices. This study delineates three distinct habitus typologies: the public, private, and academic urban planner, each exhibiting varied perspectives on the commodification of urban planning. Collectively, these insights shed light on the profound ways in which neoliberal paradigms influence urban planning, revealing both its disciplinary boundaries and inherent contradictions.
Lean, Clean, and Green Business: An Examination of the Millennial Consumer’s Perception of Corporate Environmental Practices and Green Marketing Tactics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article aims to add to the understanding of the corporation’s role in sustainability through the specific lens of the Millennial consumer. Millennials possess $170 billion in purchasing power and will become the most impactful generation on the economy and the environment in the coming decades. Understanding what efforts resonate the most with this key stakeholder group is critical. Further, marketing tactics and standards are examined. A need exists for authority and standardization in marketing green products, such that they are legitimized, not green-washing, and easy to understand for potential consumers. Several propositions are developed, and managerial implications and conclusions are advanced.
Association Between Serum Vitamin D Concentrations and Markers of Adiposity in Ethnically Diverse Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Background: South Asian Indians (SAI) have a higher prevalence of both chronic diseases and vitamin D deficiency compared to Caucasians. Previous research shows that vitamin D status is a determinant of metabolic health. SAIs have higher total fat, lower lean mass, and higher visceral or truncal fat compared to Caucasians. These factors are all associated with chronic health conditions at a younger age than their Caucasian counterparts. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the association between body composition parameters and the biomarkers of vitamin D status and whether these relationships differed between Caucasian and SAI cohorts. METHODS: Healthy SAIs and Caucasian men, who were 22 to 60 years of age, were enrolled. Anthropometric and body composition measurements, serum levels of 25 Hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD), Parathyroid Hormone, and Vitamin D Binding-Protein were obtained. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney u test were used to report the differences between groups. Spearman correlation was used to identify the possible association. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 30 SAIs and 30 Caucasians completed the study. Both groups did not significantly differ in their age and BMI. The 25OHD levels were statistically different between Caucasians (31.24 ± 9.14 ng/mL) and SAIs (22.94 ± 7.19 ng/mL), (P < 0.01). The correlation analysis found that among Caucasians, percent of Fat Free Mass (FFM), android fat, gynoid fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) correlated negatively with 25OHD levels (P < 0.05). Among SAIs, % of FFM, Fat Mass, Lean mass correlated negatively with 25OHD levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: VAT showed a negative association with vitamin D status in Caucasians only. These findings may have important implications for development of metabolic diseases in young Caucasian vs a SAI population. FUNDING SOURCES: Drexel CNHP Seed Grant to Dr. Sukumar
Global Weak Solution, Uniqueness and Exponential Decay for a Class of Degenerate Hyperbolic Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with existence, uniqueness and energy decay of solutions to a degenerate hyperbolic equations given by \begin{align*} K(x,t)u'' - M\left(\int_\Omega |\nabla u|^2\,dx \right) \Delta u - \Delta u' = 0, \end{align*} with operator coefficient $K(x,t)$ satisfying suitable properties and $M(\,\cdot \,) \in C^1([0, \infty))$ is a function which greatest lower bound for $ M (\,\cdot\,) $ is zero. For global weak solution and uniqueness we use the Faedo-Galerkin method. Exponential decay is proven by using a theorem due to M. Nakao.
Professional development for online university teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Almost every higher education institution is challenged to develop increasing numbers of staff to teach online or blended modes of learning. The process needs to be rapid, cost-effective and lead directly to practical outcomes. From our experience, we had little time, opportunity or the need to start from scratch, and we chose to adopt and adapt a course that was based on a well-rehearsed and respected pedagogical model. We offer our experience to date as a case study with some extracted principles for others to explore and follow. We discuss the value of contextualization, incremental innovation, and mentoring of online convenors. This article will be of interest to those seeking to provide effective professional development routes for large numbers of staff.
Use of Charge Transfer Complex Formation Reaction in Spectrophotometric Microdetermination of Some Drugs

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of isoniazid, mesalazine, salbutamol and thymol drugs in their pure forms and in pharmaceutical preparations, based on the charge-transfer (CT) complex formation reaction with o-chloranil as π-acceptor. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range 1-16 and 2-20 µg ml -1 for isoniazid at 360 and 520 nm respectively, 1.25-30 µg ml -1 at 571.5 nm for mesalazine, 1.25-50 µg ml -1 for salbutamol and 2.5-80 µg ml -1 at 410 nm for thymol at room temperature. The molar absorptivity values are in the range 3460 and 14360 l.mol -1 .cm -1 and the lower limit of detection limits are in the rang 0.1432-1.3164 µg ml -1 for all the studied drugs. The stoichiometry of the drug-ochloranil complexes was found to be 1:1 except mesalazine which was found to be 1:2. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical excipients. The procedure is characterized by its simplicity with accuracy and precision. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of the drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations.
A Portable Spark-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopic (SIBS) Instrument and its Analytical Performance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A compact spark-induced plasma spectroscopic device was developed to detect elements used in a variety of applications. The system consists of a spark generator connected to tungsten electrodes, a custom-built delay generator, and two spectrometers that together cover the ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) range (214–631 nm). The system was evaluated by qualitatively and quantitatively sampling copper standards. Prominent spectral peaks were identified using the NIST database for atomic emissions. The effectiveness of the proposed system was also tested with a lanthanide sample (gadolinium) and provided qualitative identification of the characteristic peaks. A semi-quantitative measurement for silicon and gold was performed using variable amounts of each particulate. Silica microbeads in solution were applied to paper wafers, while gold nanoparticles were sputter-coated onto silicon wafers. Results showed a positive correlation between the intensity of the signal and the concentration of each type of particulate. The variation of signal intensity was investigated to determine the repeatability, and the coefficient of variation was lowered from 60% to 25% after averaging measurements of multiple ablations per observation.
AN INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL METHOD BASED ON N-LEVEL VECTOR MODEL

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new information-retrieval algorithm based on the N-level vector model is proposed. The N-level vector model partitions a document into N level text paragraphs. The text feature vectors and the text weight vectors are defined according to the text paragraphs' context. The calculation method of the feature vectors and the similarity are defined much more precisely such that the algorithm can adapt the dynamitic extension of the document set. The theoretic analysis and the experimental results show that the new algorithm has higher precision and faster computation speed.
Inspection and Remaining Life Assessment of Subsea Pipelines Exposed to Various Forms of Internal Corrosion Degradation Mechanisms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Subsea pipelines are exposed to many threats and DNV RP-116 separates the threats into time dependent and independent threats. The time dependent threats include internal and external corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement & stress corrosion cracking and fatigue crack growth whereas the time independent threats apart from manufacturing and construction defects include third party interference and outside forces. For remaining life and risk assessment and inspection planning the total risk associated with all the mentioned threats should be covered by computation of combined risk of the individual threat probabilities and the associated consequences from a safety, company reputation and business perspectives. The paper discusses three cases of subsea pipeline remaining life assessments involving dry gas export lines, gas and condensate in field lines and flow lines, where different internal corrosion mechanisms such as CO2, Top of the Line (TOL) and micro biological corrosion (MIC) are posing the main challenges to the estimation of the remaining life, selection of inspection methods, validation of the assessment results and the overall risk assessment. The paper shows how the different operating conditions lead to less severe, more severe and extremely severe metal loss due to mainly three different types of corrosion mechanisms. In the first case it is shown how the remaining life can easily meet the future operation and life extension target with benign operation conditions, whereas two other cases are shown not to allow life extension meeting the future needs without section or complete pipeline replacement.
Use of highway culverts by the water opossum (Chironectes minimus) in southeastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The water opossum (Chironectes minimus) is a semi-aquatic mammal that is infrequently sampled in Atlantic rainforest areas in Brazil. Here we report on new records of C. minimus in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, and comment on its behavior and ecology. We placed nine camera traps in culverts and cattle boxes under a highway, between 2017 and 2019. From a total of 6,750 camera-trap-days, we obtained 16 records of C. minimus (0.24 records/100 camera-trap-days) in two cameras placed in culverts over streams. Most of the records were made between May and August, in the dry season and in the first six hours after sunset. The new records are from a highly degraded area with some riparian forests. The records lie approximately 30 km away from the nearest protected area where the species is known to occur. We suggest that C. minimus has some tolerance to degraded habitats, as long as the water bodies and riparian forests are minimally preserved. The new records presented here also fill a distribution gap in western São Paulo state.
Circulating interleukin-33 levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our research finds an inconclusive relationship between IL-33 serum levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nondiabetic individuals with obesity. In addition, we note a potential gender association with IL-33 serum levels. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to assess the significance of serum IL-33 in T2D and obesity. Urgent standardization is needed in IL-33 quantification and reporting methods for reliable comparisons.
Driving Mechanism of the Coordinated Development of Regional Economy-Society-Environment System Based on Grey Incidence Analysis Model&lt;br/&gt;—A Case Study of Wanjiang Urban Belt

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using grey incidence analysis method, this paper analyzed the impact of various factors on the coordinated development of economy-society-environment system of Wanjiang urban belt to explore the mechanism of the coordinated development of regional economy-society-environment system. From 2011 to 2018, in the coordinated development of economic, social and environmental systems under the overall level of Wanjiang urban belt, the degree of influence of the development of each subsystem on the coordinated development is ranked: environmental subsystem economic subsystem social subsystem. In the environmental subsystem, environmental state = environmental pressure environmental response, and surface water quality, per capita industrial solid waste production, green coverage of constructed areas are three most influential social indicators. In the economic subsystem, economic structure developing quality economic benefits, proportion of foreign direct investment in GDP, the proportion of R & D expenditure in GDP, the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP are three most influential economic indicators. In the social subsystem, public service living standards quality of life, and urbanization rate of permanent population, per capita road mileage, and the number of hospital beds per 10,000 people are three most influential social indicators.
The Role of Edge Computing in Optimizing Cloud-Based Records Management for Rural Information Access in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research examined the effects of edge computing in enhancing cloud-based records management for rural information retrieval in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the state of information availability, consider the possible advantages of using edge computing and identify the problems associated with implementing such systems. The study used a survey research method while adopting a quantitative technique to analyse data gathered from 333 respondents. Findings of the study show that edge computing greatly improves data processing rate, latency, and system reliability in rural environments. The integration of edge computing enabled the enhancement of performance, experiencing a 60.5% increase in the rate of data processing, which is a 68.4 percent reduction in latency, and an increase in system availability from what was recorded to be 87.5% to 98.2%. However, impediments to implementation that were noted were power fluctuations, infrastructural constraints, and costs. The study advances the literature on effective technological solutions to enhance information availability in the developing regions while also offering valuable guidelines for policymakers and practitioners.
A Comprehensive Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Long Non-Coding RNA to Be Involved in the Key Metabolic Pathway in Response to Waterlogging Stress in Maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Waterlogging stress (WS) in a dynamic environment seriously limits plant growth, development, and yield. The regulatory mechanism underlying WS conditions at an early stage in maize seedlings is largely unknown. In the present study, the primary root tips of B73 seedlings were sampled before (0 h) and after (2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, and 12 h) WS and then subjected to transcriptome sequencing, resulting in the identification of differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEpcGs) and long non-coding RNAs (DElncRs) in response to WS. These DEpcGs were classified into nine clusters, which were significantly enriched in several metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and methionine metabolism. Several transcription factor families, including AP2-EREBP, bZIP, NAC, bHLH, and MYB, were also significantly enriched. In total, 6099 lncRNAs were identified, of which 3190 were DElncRs. A co-expression analysis revealed lncRNAs to be involved in 11 transcription modules, 10 of which were significantly associated with WS. The DEpcGs in the four modules were enriched in the hypoxia response pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, and carotenoid biosynthesis, in which 137 DElncRs were also co-expressed. Most of the co-expressed DElncRs were co-localized with previously identified quantitative trait loci associated with waterlogging tolerance. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of DEpcG and DElncR expression among the 32 maize genotypes after 4 h of WS verified significant expression correlations between them as well as significant correlation with the phenotype of waterlogging tolerance. Moreover, the high proportion of hypoxia response elements in the promoter region increased the reliability of the DElncRs identified in this study. These results provide a comprehensive transcriptome in response to WS at an early stage of maize seedlings and expand our understanding of the regulatory network involved in hypoxia in plants.
Bridging the Gap in Gestational Diabetes: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Improving GDM Using a Chronic Care–Based Clinical Framework

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2 to 10% of pregnancies and is associated with a 35 to 60% chance of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the proceeding 10 to 20 years.[1] Women with GDM are at increased risk for preeclampsia and cesarean delivery, and are more likely to have recurrence of GDM in subsequent pregnancies.[2] [3] [4] [5] Neonates born to mothers with GDM are more likely to have shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, birth trauma, hyperbilirubinemia, large for gestational age, and spend time in the neonatal intensive care unit.[3] [6] Incidence has increased with increasing obesity, as well as with racial/ethnic health disparities, with minority women at highest risk of GDM and subsequent T2DM.[7] [8] [9] In the 3 months after birth, many patients are lost to follow-up because of variation in practice standards and inadequate coordination between obstetrics during pregnancy and primary care following delivery.[10]