jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diversity of genetic alterations of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic patientsNo Title

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PurposePrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Previous studies have identified MYD88, CD79b and PIM1 as the most common genetic mutations in PCNSL. The extent to which mutations vary by ethnicity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe differences in genetic mutations and survival by Hispanic ethnicity in PCNSL.Methods30 patients with PCNSL were examined for mutations in 275 genes by DNA analysis and 1408 genes by RNA analysis utilizing next generation sequencing.Results60% of patients were Hispanic. 125 different mutated genes were detected. The most commonly affected genes were: MYD88 (44%), CARD11 (21%), CD79b (17%), PIM1 (17%) and KMT2D (17%) . MYD88 mutation was less frequent in Hispanic patients (27% vs 66%, P=.02). More Hispanic patients had >3 mutated genes (89% vs 55 %. P=.03). Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic patients (PFS 60% vs 27%, P=.09), (OS 60% vs 36%, P=.23). MYD88, CARD11, PIM1, and KMT2D were not associated with significant differences in OS or PFS. CD79b mutation correlated with superior 2-yr PFS (P=.04).ConclusionsWe identified highly recurrent genetic alterations in PCNSL. Our data suggest that heterogeneity in some mutations may be related to ethnicity. There was no statistically significant difference in 2-yr PFS and OS in our Hispanic patients. Studies on larger population may further help to describe differences in tumor biology, and outcomes in Hispanic patients.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of American Foulbrood (AFB) Disease Management Options in Queensland – Preliminary Results

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

American Foulbrood disease (AFB) is a bacterial disease of honey bees which causes significant economic losses in Queensland and other Australian states and many other countries, including New Zealand. This study: reviews several previous applications of Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to AFB control/eradication programs presents preliminary results from the use of CBA to assess a range of alternatives to the present AFB control program in Queensland.
Do Workers Value Flexible Jobs? A Field Experiment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We explore workers’ valuation of job flexibility using a field experiment conducted on a Chinese job board. Our experimental job ads differ randomly in offering jobs that are flexible regarding when (time flexibility) or where (place flexibility) one works and in offering different salaries. Application rates are higher for flexible jobs conditional on the salary offered, providing evidence that workers value job flexibility. Moreover, under some plausible conditions our evidence is informative about job seekers’ willingness to pay for flexible jobs of the types offered in the experiment and points to fairly high valuation of the most flexible jobs.
Par-1 controls the composition and growth of cortical actin caps during Drosophila embryo cleavage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell structure depends on the cortex, a thin network of actin polymers and additional proteins underlying the plasma membrane. The cell polarity kinase Par-1 is required for cells to form following syncytial Drosophila embryo development. This requirement stems from Par-1 promoting cortical actin caps that grow into dome-like metaphase compartments for dividing syncytial nuclei. We find the actin caps to be a composite material of Diaphanous (Dia)-based actin bundles interspersed with independently formed, Arp2/3-based actin puncta. Par-1 and Dia colocalize along extended regions of the bundles, and both are required for the bundles and for each other’s bundle-like localization, consistent with an actin-dependent self-reinforcement mechanism. Par-1 helps establish or maintain these bundles in a cortical domain with relatively low levels of the canonical formin activator Rho1-GTP. Arp2/3 is required for displacing the bundles away from each other and toward the cap circumference, suggesting interactions between these cytoskeletal components could contribute to the growth of the cap into a metaphase compartment.
Validation of Analytical Methods and Processes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Method validation is the process to confirm that the analytical procedure employed for a specific test is suitable for its intended use. Methods need to be validated or revalidated as follows:Before their introduction into routine use Whenever the conditions change for which the method has been validated(e.g., instrument with different characteristics) Whenever the method is changed, and the change is outside the originalscope of the method When quality control indicates an established method is changing withtime In order to demonstrate the equivalence between two methods (e.g., a newmethod and a standard) Method validation has received considerable attention in the literature and from industrial committees and regulatory agencies. The international standard ISO/ IEC [1] requires validation of nonstandard methods, laboratory designed/developed methods, standard methods used outside their intended scope, and amplifications and modifications of standard methods to confirm that the methods are suitable for their intended use. The Guidance on the Interpretation of the EN 45000 Series of Standards and ISO/IEC Guide 25 includes a chapter on the validation of methods [2] with a list of nine validation parameters. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for theRegistration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use [3] has developed a consensus text on the validation of analytical procedures. The document includes definitions for eight validation characteristics. An extension with more detailed methodology is in preparation and nearly completed [4]. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) prepared a guidance for methods development and validation for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) [5]. The American Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and other scientific organizations provide methods that are validated through multilaboratory studies.
Epidemiology of hypertension in Northern Tanzania: a community-based mixed-methods study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa is particularly vulnerable to the growing global burden of hypertension, but epidemiological studies are limited and barriers to optimal management are poorly understood. Therefore, we undertook a community-based mixed-methods study in Tanzania to investigate the epidemiology of hypertension and barriers to care. Methods In Northern Tanzania, between December 2013 and June 2015, we conducted a mixed-methods study, including a cross-sectional household epidemiological survey and qualitative sessions of focus groups and in-depth interviews. For the survey, we assessed for hypertension, defined as a single blood pressure ≥160/100 mm Hg, a two-time average of ≥140/90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medications. To investigate relationships with potential risk factors, we used adjusted generalised linear models. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as a two-time average measurement of ≥160/100 mm Hg irrespective of treatment status. Hypertension awareness was defined as a self-reported disease history in a participant with confirmed hypertension. To explore barriers to care, we identified emerging themes using an inductive approach within the framework method. Results We enrolled 481 adults (median age 45 years) from 346 households, including 123 men (25.6%) and 358 women (74.4%). Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was 28.0% (95% CI 19.4% to 38.7%), which was independently associated with age >60 years (prevalence risk ratio (PRR) 4.68; 95% CI 2.25 to 9.74) and alcohol use (PRR 1.72; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.58). Traditional medicine use was inversely associated with hypertension (PRR 0.37; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.54). Nearly half (48.3%) of the participants were aware of their disease, but almost all (95.3%) had uncontrolled hypertension. In the qualitative sessions, we identified barriers to optimal care, including poor point-of-care communication, poor understanding of hypertension and structural barriers such as long wait times and undertrained providers. Conclusions In Northern Tanzania, the burden of hypertensive disease is substantial, and optimal hypertension control is rare. Transdisciplinary strategies sensitive to local practices should be explored to facilitate early diagnosis and sustained care delivery.
Induction and Inhibition of Ciprofloxacin Resistance-Conferring Mutations in Hypermutator Bacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to human health. Bacteria often acquire resistance from a mutation of chromosomal genes during therapy. We have recently shown that the evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin in vivo and in vitro requires the induction of a mutation that is mediated by the cleavage of the SOS repressor LexA and the associated derepression of three specialized DNA polymerases (polymerase II [Pol II], Pol IV, and Pol V). These results led us to suggest that it may be possible to design drugs to inhibit these proteins and that such drugs might be coadministered with antibiotics to prevent mutation and the evolution of resistance. For the approach to be feasible, there must not be any mechanisms through which bacteria can induce mutations and acquire antibiotic resistance that are independent of LexA and its repressed polymerases. Perhaps the most commonly cited mechanism to elevate bacterial mutation rates is the inactivation of methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR). However, it is unclear whether this represents a LexA-independent mechanism or if the mutations that arise in MMR-deficient hypermutator strains are also dependent on LexA cleavage and polymerase derepression. In this work, we show that LexA cleavage and polymerase derepression are required for the evolution of clinically significant resistance in MMR-defective Escherichia coli . Thus, drugs that inhibit the proteins responsible for induced mutations are expected to efficiently prevent the evolution of resistance, even in MMR-deficient hypermutator strains.
THE ROLE OF EXPERIENCE AND SERVICE QUALITY ON TRANSJAKARTA USERS LOYALTY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The high growth rate of vehicles and the still low interest in using public transportation, especially in Jakarta, has led to an increase in urban issues such as traffic congestion and air pollution. The government has provided several modes of public transportation and has implemented several policies to reduce these issues however until now there has been no significant growth in the usage of public transportation. This study aims to test experience and service quality on mediating variable such as satisfaction, perceived value and memories that leading to how customer decide to repurchase the service or recommend it through word-of-mouth. This research uses PLS-SEM to conduct quantitative research and collected 369 respondents online through whatsapp community groups that target Transjakarta passengers. This research found experience marketing is the strongest construct to influence other mediating constructs. This findings contributes the influence of experience in public transportation context and also to Transjakarta management, practitioners, consultants or even the government in the realm of public transportation.JEL: M31.
[Implication of enkephalins in central cardiovascular regulation in the rat].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

[D-ala2]-met-enkephalinamide injected intracisternally in anaesthetized rats induced a centrally-mediated increase in blood pressure. The pressor response appeared to be due to activation of opiate receptors and mediated through the sympathetic nervous system. The hypotension observed with high doses may be induced by the respiratory depression. The intracisternal injection of an antagonist of opioid compounds (diprenorphine) caused a similar blood pressure decrease in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Our data suggest a central pressor effect of enkephalins in anaesthetized rats. This represents an important argument concerning a role of endogenous opioids in blood pressure control but suggests that brain stem endogenous opioids may not be involved in the mechanism of hypertension.
Thumb Reconstruction after Severe Trauma Using the Masquelet Technique and the Foucher Neurovascular Flap

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Complex injuries of fingers with bone and soft tissue loss often result in amputation. We present here a case of thumb reconstruction in a severely injured thumb with bone and dorsal soft tissue loss. Primarily a radical debridement of devascularized tissue was performed and a spacer was implanted, to ensure tissue decontamination and induce a Masquelet’s bone membrane. After 6 weeks the spacer was replaced with autologous cancellous bone and a pedicled Foucher neurovascular flap was used to augment the soft tissues. Eight months postoperatively the patient showed a great outcome with thumb length preservation, excellent range of motion and aesthetics. This novel technique facilitates finger and especially thumb preservation without the risk of infection. The Masquelet technique can hereby be safely used for reconstruction of finger injuries and the microsurgical flap coverage can be postponed for the secondary procedure, without compromising the bone regeneration.
Does “It” Work in Turkey? A Network Agenda-Setting Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traditional agenda-setting researches based on the media’s claim to be effective in public opinion, second-stage agenda-setting researches have emerged at the end of the 1990s. Following these studies which support the idea that the significance levels were also related to the attitudes, more than these studies have been carried out in the third stage agenda setting researches. The first network agenda setting (NAS) study were carried out by Guo, McCombs and Shaw in 2011. The number of researches conducted so far is quite low. Therefore, it should be noted that the subject is quite new and there is an important gap in the research and testing of the basic hypothesis. According to the agenda-setting network model used in the third-level of agenda-setting studies (Network agenda-setting, NAS), bilateral networks and relations between issues and events can be transferred to the public’s agenda via the media through the media According to the new model, the news bodies connect different events and objects, and this connection simultaneously created in the public mind This study examines the hypothesis of third level of agendasetting under the conditions of Turkish culture in Turkey. Does it work in Turkey?
[Prevention of infection after bone marrow transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients receiving allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) always experience transient severe granulocytopenia and a defect of cellular and humoral immunity. Subsequently, the immune system is impaired in particular by acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease. The major measures employed for infection prophylaxis following bone marrow transplantation are described, and the results of our own studies presented and discussed.
Performance comparison of the radio link protocols of IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Two wireless LAN standards are being developed in the 5 GHz band, namely IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. The physical layers of both standards use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme as the modulation and can provide several transmission modes with different data rates. The basic medium access mechanism in IEEE802.11a is based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), while HIPERLAN/2 rises centralised controlled multiple access. To support reliable transmission Stop and Wait ARQ and Selective Repeat ARQ schemes are adopted in IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2, respectively. This paper compares the data throughput provided by both standards in a radio cell with one access point and one mobile terminal. The simulation results show that HIPERLAN/2 provide higher data throughput than IEEE802.11a.
Bootstrapping gauge theories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider asymptotically free gauge theories with gauge group SU(Nc) and Nf quarks with mass mq≪ΛQCD that undergo chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We propose a bootstrap method to compute the S matrix of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pions) that dominate the low-energy physics. For the important case of Nc=3, Nf=2, a numerical implementation of the method gives the phase shifts of the S0, P1 and S2 waves in good agreement with experimental results. The method incorporates gauge theory information (Nc, Nf, mq, ΛQCD) by using the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules. At low energy we impose constraints from chiral symmetry breaking. The only low-energy numerical inputs are the pion mass mπ and the quark and gluon condensates. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Pressure diuresis mechanism in the control of renal function and arterial pressure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Precise knowledge of the interrelationships between arterial pressure and urinary excretion of sodium and water is crucial to understanding the long-term control of arterial pressure. Although increases in renal perfusion pressure have been known for more than 35 years to inhibit tubular reabsorption, the mechanism of this pressure diuresis response, the humoral or physical factors involved, and even the nephron segments in which the changes in tubular function occur remain relatively unknown. This review focuses on the experimental evidence that supports current hypotheses concerning the mechanism of pressure diuresis. Specifically, it examines the possibility that pressure diuresis is caused by a small increase in glomerular filtration rate, alterations in the humoral or physical factors regulating proximal tubular reabsorption, and/or inhibition of tubular reabsorption in deep nephrons secondary to changes in hemodynamics in juxtamedullary nephrons. The concept originally proposed that the kidney serves as the dominant long-term controller of arterial pressure is largely based on the assumptions that the pressure diuresis phenomenon exists and that it occurs via a nonadaptive mechanism. It has been proposed that hypertension can develop only if the relationship between arterial pressure and sodium excretion is shifted toward higher pressures. The remainder of this review examines recent evidence indicating that an abnormality in the pressure natriuresis relationship may be associated with the development of hypertension in humans and in the genetic rat models of the disease.
Regeneration of alveolar bone defects in the experimental pig model: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P), what is the capacity of experimental alveolar bone defects (E) for spontaneous regeneration in terms of new bone formation (O)? Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting experimental bone defects or extraction socket healing in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of a control group of untreated defects/sockets and the assessment of regeneration via 3D tomography [radiographic defect fill (RDF)] or 2D histomorphometry [new bone formation (NBF)]. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for the outcomes RDF and NBF. Results Overall, 45 studies were included reporting on alveolar bone defects or extraction sockets, most frequently in the mandibles of minipigs. Based on morphology, defects were broadly classified as ‘box‐defects’ (BD) or ‘cylinder‐defects’ (CD) with a wide range of healing times (10 days to 52 weeks). Meta‐analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 50% RDF (36.87%–63.15%) and 43.74% NBF (30.47%–57%) in BD, and 44% RDF (16.48%–71.61%) and 39.67% NBF (31.53%–47.81%) in CD, which were similar to estimates of socket‐healing [48.74% RDF (40.35%–57.13%) and 38.73% NBF (28.57%–48.89%)]. Heterogeneity in the meta‐analysis was high ( I 2 > 90%). Conclusion A substantial body of literature revealed a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects of (mini)pigs, which should be considered in future studies of bone regeneration in this animal model.
The Fungicide Resistance Problem: Current Status and the Role of Systemics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This chapter discusses the various mechanisms of action of fungicides, the different mechanism of resistance in fungi, and the factors which govern the buildup of a resistant pathogen population in the field. Prior to the advance of the synthetic systemic fungicides, various antibiotics had been used for systemic disease control in the 1940s and 1950s. The sites of action appeared to be in protein synthesis, chitin synthesis, mitosis, and the functioning of the protoplast membrane. After the introduction of the chemically more simple synthetics, the use of the rather complicated antibiotics in practice has declined markedly. With specific-site inhibitors, resistance may be monogenic or polygenic. Genetic changes which result in fungicide resistance in an originally sensitive cell may also influence other characteristics of the cell. In order to keep antiresistance strategies possible in the future, it is essential that a varied arsenal of fungicides with different mechanisms of action remains available.
Spatially Defined Cell-Secreted Protein Detection Using Granular Hydrogels: μGeLISA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Intercellular communication through secreted proteins is necessary in essential processes such as embryo and limb development, disease progression, and immune responses. There exist many techniques to study bulk solution protein concentrations, but there is a limited set of tools to study the concentrations of cell-secreted proteins in situ within diverse cell platforms while retaining spatial information. In this study, we have developed a microgel system that is able to quantitatively measure the cell-secreted protein concentration within defined three-dimensional culture configurations with single-cell spatial resolution, called μGeLISA (microgel-linked immunosorbent assay). This system, which is based on the surface modification of polyethylene glycol microgels, was able to detect interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations of 2.21-21.86 ng/mL. Microgels were also able to detect cell spheroid-secreted IL-6 and distinguish between low- and high-secreting single cells. The system was also adapted to measure the concentration of cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). μGeLISA represents a highly versatile system with a straightforward fabrication process that can be adapted toward the detection of secreted proteins within a diverse range of cell culture configurations.