jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics and UV Radiation Induce Competence for Natural Transformation inLegionella pneumophila

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Natural transformation by competence is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Competence is defined as the genetically programmed physiological state that enables bacteria to actively take up DNA from the environment. The conditions that signal competence development are multiple and elusive, complicating the understanding of its evolutionary significance. We used expression of the competence gene comEA as a reporter of competence development and screened several hundred molecules for their ability to induce competence in the freshwater living pathogen Legionella pneumophila . We found that comEA expression is induced by chronic exposure to genotoxic molecules such as mitomycin C and antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone family. These results indicated that, in L. pneumophila , competence may be a response to genotoxic stress. Sunlight-emitted UV light represents a major source of genotoxic stress in the environment and we found that exposure to UV radiation effectively induces competence development. For the first time, we show that genetic exchanges by natural transformation occur within an UV-stressed population. Genotoxic stress induces the RecA-dependent SOS response in many bacteria. However, genetic and phenotypic evidence suggest that L. pneumophila lacks a prototypic SOS response and competence development in response to genotoxic stress is RecA independent. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that competence may have evolved as a DNA damage response in SOS-deficient bacteria. This parasexual response to DNA damage may have enabled L. pneumophila to acquire and propagate foreign genes, contributing to the emergence of this human pathogen.
Thermodynamics of ion association. Part XX. Interpretation of the enthalpy changes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Thermodynamic functions for the formation of a variety of metal complexes with nitrogen- and carboxylate oxygen containing ligands in aqueous solution have been analysed in terms of temperature-dependent and temperature-independent parts. A method for calculation of the temperature-independent component of the enthalpy change, ΔHc, from the experimental data is described. The values are discussed in terms of M–N and M–O covalent interactions and also the specific steric requirements of different ligand molecules.
The holiday market in Queensland: Building an understanding of visitors staying in commercial accommodation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study reports the combined efforts of researchers from the government and academic cultures of tourism research. The target of the co-operative effort was to understand the holiday market in Queensland using the Queensland Visitor Survey, an established data base built on questioning tourists who stay in commercial accommodation. Using a cluster analysis approach focussed on a critical question describing the attractions, features and activities available in Queensland, six distinct clusters were identified. It was demonstrated that these clusters were not only coherent, comprehensible groupings based on the original question used for differentiation, but, further, that there were some marked demographic and travel pattern differences among the groups. An evaluation of the usefulness, appeal and value of the clusters was undertaken with some notes and observations for improving the survey itself and developing more refined market segmentation studies.
Roughness optimization of electron-beam exposed hydrogen silsesquioxane for immobilization of DNA origami

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel way to immobilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami on a conventional substrate using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as a functionalized platform is demonstrated. An alternative approach to quantifying roughness of the HSQ surfaces for 2D DNA origami immobilization is also introduced. Effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the surface roughness and functionalization (for DNA origami immobilization) of exposed and developed HSQ patterns are characterized. Surface root mean square roughness of electron-beam exposed HSQ with various thicknesses is investigated and optimized down to 0.2 nm for ultrathin (sub-15 nm) HSQ patterns.
Randomised and non-randomised prospective controlled cohort studies in matched-pair design for the long-term therapy of breast cancer patients with a mistletoe preparation (Iscador): a re-analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The re-analysis demonstrates that the effects shown in the previously published data are consistent despite using different analytic methods and different subsets. Overall, the survival of patients receiving mistletoe treatment with Iscador is longer in these studies. In the short term, psychosomatic self-regulation, as a measure of autonomous coping with the disease, rises more under Iscador therapy than under conventional therapy alone.
Preventive treatment of serotonin-migraine with 1,3,4,14b-tetrahydro-2,7-dimethyl-2H-dibenzo(b,f)pyrazino-(1,2--d)-(1,4)-oxazepine hydrogen maleate (Org GC 94). A double-blind study.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1,3,4,14b-Tetrahydro-2,7-dimethyl-2H-dibenzo(b,f)pyrazino-(1,2-d)-(1,4)-oxazepine hydrogen maleate (Org GC 94) is an oral "antamine" preparation with anti-serotoninergic and anti-histaminic effects. Its lack of unpleasant side-effects permits protracted use for the preventive treatment of serotonin-migraine. Its chemical structure--tetracyclic ring, C-beta, C-alpha, amine in a secondary position--allows block of the receptors for serotonin and histamine. Preventive treatment with 3 x 5 mg/day of Org GC 94 for a period of 3 months can almost completely eliminate migraine attacks. 21 out of 30 patients (70%) profited from such a treatment, showing a drop from 5--30 attacks to 0--1 attack per month and normalization of high urinary serotonin, 5-HIAA or histamine levels. However, 30 patients receiving 3 x 0.5 mg or placebo daily reacted only rarely. The typical side-effects of anti-serotonin drugs, especially sedation or dizziness and hyperorexia were hardly observed. Randomization of the serotonin-migraine cases and double-blind methodology were applied throughout the trial.
IMPACT OF IMPROVISED ORGANIC REAGENTS ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' LEVEL OF MOTIVATION IN CHEMISTRY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the impact of improvised organic reagents on senior secondary school students’ level of motivation in chemistry. Two research questions guided the study and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-randomized control group. The sample included 120 Senior Secondary School Three (SS3) chemistry students randomly drawn from four coeducational schools in the Onitsha Education Zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The instrument used was Students’ Motivational Level in Chemistry Questionnaire (SMLCQ) which was developed and validated for data collection. An internal consistency estimate of 0.82 was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha procedure. The data generated from the study were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions; two-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of covariance was used to test the null hypotheses. Results of the findings indicated that improvised organic reagents promote the motivational level of chemistry students. It is recommended that teachers of chemistry should use improvised organic reagents in the teaching of chemistry to increase students’ enthusiasm in learning chemistry.
Canadian multicultural citizenship: constraints on immigrants’ leisure pursuits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The proliferation of empirical research on immigrants' leisure constraints as restrictive and negative, which is implicitly based on discourses that present particular leisure forms and practices as positive and desirable, has provided scholars with a limited understanding of constraints. In contrast, Foucault's understanding of constraints as necessary for any social practice suggests that power acts as a constraint on action in a way that is never wholly inhibiting. Indeed, from a Foucauldian perspective, constraints make many leisure actions and experiences possible. Thus constraints must be seen as both inhibiting and enabling individuals' actions. This paper offers a critical Foucauldian review of constraints research to demonstrate how multicultural citizenship discourses in Canada both inhibit and enable immigrants' leisure pursuits.
The Role of Low-Dimensional Systems in Electrochemical Phase Formation and Dissolution Processes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Low-dimensional systems (LDSs) such as zero-dimensional nanoclusters, one-dimensional atomic or molecular wires, and two-dimensional expanded or condensed overlayers are preferentially formed "delocalized" at surface inhomogeneities of a foreign substrate (S). A delocalized formation of metal, hydrogen, oxygen, or halide LDSs takes place at undersaturation conditions in electrochemical systems with a strong interaction (binding) energy between adatoms or admolecules and S. Under electrochemical conditions, undersaturation is equivalent to underpotential. In this range, underpotential deposition as well as underpotential dissolution processes of LDSs take place. A "localized" formation of LDSs on quasi-perfect foreign S surfaces or atomically flat S terraces additionally requires a tip or a cantilever of a scanning probe microscope operating as an electrochemical nanoelectrode. In this case, defined metal or oxide LDSs for nanostructuring of foreign metal and semiconductor surfaces can be formed. This paper deals first with the formation, stability, and dissolution of metal LDSs. Second, the LDS concept is applied to hydrogen, oxygen, and halide LDSs for a better understanding of different phase formation and dissolution processes on an atomic level such as hydrogen and oxygen adsorption on noble metal surfaces, dissolution and passivation of iron group metals, and the breakdown of passivity by halide-induced pitting corrosion. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
ANATOMICAL, PALYNOLOGICAL AND MICROMOPHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ENDEMIC THYMUS BRACHYCHILUS JALAS (LAMIACEAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the anatomical and palynological features of endemic Thymus brachychilus Jalas. Material and Method: The plant material was fixed in 70% alcohol for anatomical investigation. Cross sections of the stem, leaves, and leaf surface sections were stained with sartur solution, and the anatomical aspects were examined. The trichome architectures, mesophyll cells, stomatal index, and glandular and non-glandular trichomes features of leaves and stem have been investigated and compared with the other Thymus species anatomical findings. In addition, measurements of anatomical structures were made. Pollen, flower parts, epidermis and trichome structure of the leaves, were examined in SEM. Result and Discussion: This is the first anatomical, palynological and micromorphological study on Thymus brachychilus. The epidermis of leaf consists of a single row of elongated shaped cells and is covered with a thin cuticle. There are nonglandular and glandular trichomes in the upper and lower epidermis. Two different types of nonglandular trichomes were found. Stomata are diacytic, and the epidermis is amphistomatic. The mesophyll layer is dorsiventral. The stem cross-section is square. The outermost single-row, elongated, square or rectangular epidermis is covered with a thin cuticle. The pollen symmetry is isopolar, shape is suboblate. It has hexacolpate and bireticulate properties.
Detection of TeV emission from the intriguing composite SNR G327.1-1.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The shock wave of supernova remnants (SNRs) and the wind termination shock in pulsar wind nebula (PWNe) are considered as prime candidates to accelerate the bulk of Galactic cosmic ray (CR) ions and electrons. The SNRs hosting a PWN (known as composite SNRs) provide excellent laboratories to test these hypotheses. The SNR G327.1-1.1 belongs to this category and exhibits a shell and a bright central PWN, both seen in radio and X-rays. Interestingly, the radio observations of the PWN show an extended blob of emission and a curious narrow finger structure pointing towards the offset compact X-ray source indicating a possible fast moving pulsar in the SNR and/or an asymmetric passage of the reverse shock. We report here on the observations, for a total of 45 hours, of the SNR G327.1-1.1 with the H.E.S.S. telescope array which resulted in the detection of TeV gamma-ray emission in spatial coincidence with the PWN.
Philadelphia Murals and the Stories They Tell

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 1: A History of American Muralism Chapter 2: An Ounce of Prevention Chapter 3: A Pound of Cure Chapter 4: A holistic Approach Chapter 5: Josh Sarantitis Chapter 6: Environments of Learning Chapter 7: Mosaics and More Chapter 8: Healing Walls Chapter 9: Philadelphia Stories Chapter 10: A World of Murals profile: Betsy Casanas profile: Cavin Jones profile: Cesar Viveros profile: Don Gensler profile: Eric Okdeh profile: Ernel Martinez profile: Gabriel Tiberino profile: Jennie Shanker profile: Michael Webb profile: Michelle Ortiz profile: Peter Pagast photo captions
Studies on the Development of Resistance in Experimental Murine Schistosomiasis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Experiments were performed in mice on resistance to challenge with Schistosoma mansoni and S. mattheei cercariae following previous bisexual, single sex or irradiated infections. Resistance to reinfection was demonstrated following bisexual infection with S. mansoni using out-bred T.O. mice and it appeared that such resistance was not stimulated by cercarial transformation products. T. O. mice from three different suppliers exhibited markedly different levels of resistance and mortality. Bisexual infection with S. mattheei resulted in resistance to both homologous challenge and heterologous challenge with S. mansoni. Infections with S.mansoni worms of one sex only, stimulated significantly lower resistance than light bisexual infections. Injection of eggs alone failed to stimulate resistance, suggesting that both worms and eggs may be required. Studies on irradiation of S. mansoni and S. mattheei showed that the minimum radiation doses required to produce sterile infections were 2.3 kr and 2.7 kr respectively, due predominantly to sterilization of the female worms. Radiation-induced death of 2.3 kr-irradiated para sites occurred mainly in the liver. but higher doses resulted in death earlier in the migration pathway. with parasites exposed to 40 kr dying at the site of infection. Varying levels of resistance followed percutaneous or intramuscular infection with larvae irradiated with 2.3-160 kr. This resistance was demonstrated by significantly reduced worm and egg burdens and by longer survival of the vaccinated mice. Maximal resistance was demonstrated earlier following vaccination with highly irradiated parasites (20-40 kr) than with 2.3 kr-irradiated parasites, although comparable levels were eventually reached. The resistance was not transient, being demonstrated 17 weeks post-infection. Neither unirradiated male parasites alone nor dead irradiated parasites could confer resistance suggesting that, in the absence of eggs, death of the parasites within the host is necessary for the induction of resistance. Resistance was not increased by varying the number of irradiated larvae, the number of vaccinations, the route of vaccination or by the simultaneous administration of B.C.G. Irradiated S. mattheei infections conferred only weak resistance to homologous challenge and vaccination with irradiated S.mansoni or S. mattheei failed to confer significant resistance to heterologous challenge.
How Do Organizational Sustainable Practices Foster Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Insights on how managerial practices influence PSM and job satisfaction of employees are limited and inconclusive. This study answers the calls made to study potential organizational drivers of PSM and job satisfaction. Specifically, we focus on organizational sustainability practices, encompassing the social and environmental impact of public service organizations. As local governments provide a unique setting, offering a direct impact on sustainability through broad authority, this research was carried out among 41 local governments in Flanders, Belgium, including 781 respondents. The findings indicate that internal employee-oriented sustainability practices are positively related to public service motivation (PSM) and job satisfaction through the impact of perceived organizational justice. Additionally, external sustainability practices, directed toward the natural environment and the beneficiaries, were found to increase PSM and job satisfaction, through perceived social impact potential. This research therefore provides new insights into managerial practices, attitudinal and behavioral concepts to influence PSM and in turn job satisfaction.
COMPOUND FERTILIZER WITH BORON

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A compound fertilizer with boron was granulated employing laboratory equipment. As a boron component, boric acid and sodium tetraborate were used. Compound fertilizers of grade 14–18–18–6(S)–0,3(B) were obtained. The main physicochemical properties of the granulated products were determined. The optimal conditions of a compound fertilizer with boron granulation were determined as 7% humidity of the raw materials ′ mixture, 65–85 °C of granulators, as well as acidified water used for irrigation. In these conditions, 14–18–18–6(S)–0,3(B) commercial grade fertilizer fraction was obtained (approximately 30 percent, grain strength 40–46 N / gran). Analysis of the stability of the 14–18–18–6(S)–0,3(B) fertilizer grade showed that by heating at a temperature of 150 oC material degradation started, and evaporation of ammonia and nitrogen losses were considerable. This process could be slowed down by a slight acidification of raw materials. The characteristics of the granulated product depended on the acidification solution quantity, granulation temperature and did not depend on any component of boron.
ISLAMIZATION OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE METHODOLOGY: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The hegemony of capitalist and socialist systems in economics is increasingly giving rise to prolonged economic problems and crises, as well as widening the gap between the poor and the rich. Therefore, appropriate solutions are needed to solve problems in conventional economics. Methodology plays an important role in generating concepts and theories. The Islamization of economics methodology must begin with a discussion of epistemology and axiology in economics. This research aims to reconstruct the methodological concept of economics by offering Islamization as an answer to the weaknesses in the foundations of conventional economic science. This research is a library research using an interdisciplinary approach to integrate the discipline of conventional economics with the discipline of Islamic philosophy. This research concludes that building a solid scientific methodology is very necessary, especially the Islamization of economics methodology which is a form of reconstruction and reorientation of economics, namely, recognizing Western economics and then filtering out values ​​that are not in accordance with Islam in it, followed by instilling those values. Islam into it.
FACTORS AFFECTING CASH HOLDING IN TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of net working capital [NWC], capital expenditure [CAPEX], growth opportunities [GROWTH], and firm size [SIZE] on cash holding. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling which resulted in 10 technology companies listed on the IDX. The regression test results show that capital expenditure has a negative and significant effect on cash holding and firm size has a positive and significant effect on cash holding. Meanwhile, net working capital has a positive and insignificant effect on cash holding and growth opportunities have a negative and insignificant effect on cash holding.
Biocompatible Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Microhydrogels Promote Bacterial Adherence and Eradication in Vitro and in Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Self-assembling peptides and proteins have the potential to serve as multifunctional building blocks for the generation of versatile materials for a wide range of biomedical applications. In particular, supramolecular hydrogels comprised of self-assembled protein nanofibrils, have been used in contexts ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery. Due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria, development of biomaterials with intrinsic antimicrobial properties has been continuously increasing. Here, we describe hybrid organic/inorganic nanofibrillar silk microgels decorated with silver nanoparticles that display potent antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo and are able to adhere bacterial cells to their surfaces while subsequently eradicating them, through a two-step mechanism of action. Importantly, in contrast to treatments involving conventional silver, these silk-silver microgels are nonhemolytic and noncytotoxic toward mammalian cell lines. Finally, we show that these hybrid microgels display substantial efficacy as topical antimicrobial agents in a murine model of surgical site infections.
Age, Alcohol Consumption and the Experiencing of Negative Consequences of Drinking in Four Scandinavian Countries1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary Based on data from a comparative survey of drinking in four Scandinavian countries (Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden), use of alcohol and negative consequences of drinking were studied in relation W age. Clear differences were found between age‐groups as regards experiencing such negative consequences in respect of both men and women. These differences were to a large extent a reflection of similar differences between the age‐groups in regard to alcohol consumption and intoxication frequency. However, it was also found that when both alcohol consumption and intoxication frequency were maintained at a constant level, age in itself seemed to influence the experiencing of negative consequences. The study also indicates that in all age‐groups there are national differences in drinking patterns and thus in the experiencing of negative consequences of drinking which do not reflect the national differences in total alcohol consumption.