jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Double Diamond Paradox

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study vertical relations in markets with consumer and retailer search. Retailers search to learn manufacturers' prices. We obtain three important new results. First, we explain why empirical distributions of retail prices are bi- modal, with a regular price and a sales price. Second, under competitive condi- tions (many retailers or small consumer search cost) social welfare is signi cantly smaller than in the double marginalization outcome. Manufacturers' regular price is significantly above the monopoly price squeezing retailers' markups and pro- viding an alternative explanation for incomplete cost pass-through. Finally, by randomizing to induce active consumer search, manufacturers can increase their profits.
[Evaluation of aortic to pulmonary blood flow ratio by Doppler echocardiography in septal defects].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulsed Doppler-echocardiography was used to measure systemic and pulmonary blood flows in 22 patients aged from 3 months to 62 years presenting with interatrial (n = 13) or interventricular (n = 9) septal defect. Calculations were based on echographic measurements of aortic and pulmonary orifice areas and on the integral of maximal aortic and pulmonary Doppler velocity curves. Section areas or the arteries, taken as being circular, were deduced from arterial diameter measurements effected above Valsalva's sinus. Doppler velocity curves were recorded at that level, looking for maximal velocities and assuming a flat velocity profile. Blood flow ratios evaluated from Doppler-echocardiography data were compared with data provided by oximetry and showed good correlations (r = 0.92; Y = 0.71x + 0.53; SEE = 0.24). Calculations by categories of lesions showed better results in patients with interatrial septal defect (r = 0.94; Y = 0.73x + 0.507; SEE = 0.22) than in patients with interventricular septal defect (r = 0.83; Y = 0.547x + 0.75; SEE = 0.25). The main difficulties encountered in measuring Doppler-echocardiography blood flow ratios concerned accurate measurement of pulmonary artery diameter, due to problems of lateral resolution, and accurate measurement of turbulent Doppler velocimetry curves. However, this new, non-invasive technique may be useful to determine the best indications for catheterization or even surgery.
Influence of pregnancy, oophorectomy and contraceptive steroids on gall bladder concentrating function and hepatic bile flow in the cat.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pregnancy and contraceptive steroids are associated with a raised incidence of cholesterol gall stone disease. In pregnancy there is an increase in the size of the gall bladder. Investigation of hepatobiliary function in man and mammals has not established if the enlarged gall bladder is simply dilated, or if the absorptive capacity of the mucosa has changed. In the present study the concentrating function of the gall bladder and bile secretion from the liver were studied in pregnant animals, oophorectomised animals and animals treated for three months with contraceptive steroids. The effects of intravenous administration of prolactin, progesterone and oestrogen were studied in oophorectomised animals. It was found that the net rate of water absorption in the gall bladder of pregnant animals was doubled, while oophorectomy and contraceptive steroids did not affect this variable. The volume outflow of bile was enhanced in pregnant animals and in animals treated with contraceptive steroids. Intravenous infusions of prolactin, oestrogen or progesterone were found not to influence gall bladder concentrating function, nor hepatic bile secretion in oophorectomised animals.
Individual well-being and performance at work in the wider context of strategic HRM

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Theory in work psychology has signifi cantly enhanced our understanding of how
employees experience work. For example, the demand-control-support model of
job strain (Karasek, 1979; Karasek & Theorell, 1990) and, more broadly, the job
demands-resources model (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001)
have spawned major streams of research that have helped us to understand the
general forces that shape employee well-being and contribute to individual performance. However, although much is known about the linkages between work
characteristics, well-being and performance, research in work psychology has had
less to say about how the wider context affects these relationships. While scholars
such as Parker, Wall & Cordery (2001) have proposed frameworks that situate work
design within the organisational context, a better understanding is needed of how
contextual factors affect relationships among work characteristics, well-being and
performance. In reality, employees work within an environment that incorporates
their organisation and the actors within it, the industry or industries in which it
is located, and the society or societies in which it operates. These contextual variables are both complex and consequential. They can make a profound difference
to the management of people and to their well-being. Strategic Human Resource
Management (SHRM) is a fi eld of business research that focuses on how human
resource management contributes to organisational performance, incorporating the
effects of HRM on employee interests. The fi eld of SHRM thus shares work psychology’s interest in employee behaviour and well-being, and can learn much from
it. However, studies in SHRM also explore how patterns of HRM vary within and
across organisational, occupational, industry and societal contexts, and analyse the
role of HRM within the dynamics of business strategy. This is a perspective that can
enrich studies in work psychology.
Evaluation of Tillage Methods and Cover Crops for Sweetpotato Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The marketable yield of the sweetpotato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] can be limited by environmental variation. Cover crops may ameliorate water and temperature stress encountered during the growing season while reducing soil erosion and weed competition. The objective of this research was to investigate the commercial production of sweetpotatoes with cover crops in a conventional or conservation tillage system. Rye, ryegrass, wheat, and triticale were broadcast-seeded in Fall 1995 and 1996. Three weeks before transplanting, the cover crops were plowed-in or retained as an in situ mulch. Uniform slips of `Beauregard' sweetpotato were transplanted in May and June of each year, and standard cultural practices (with the exception of cultivation) were performed. In 1996 and 1997, conservation tillage increased marketable yield of sweetpotato 15% with a noticeable improvement in quality. Ryegrass produced the largest quantity of biomass and was effective in reducing soil temperature during storage root initiation and development. Conservation tillage resulted in a significantly higher root set relative to the control. Conservation tillage seems to have advantages as an alternative tillage method for sweetpotato production.
Cross talk between skin microbiota and post-traumatic wound infection: a bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Post-traumatic wound infection (PTWI) is a major challenge in trauma, burns, and surgeries. The skin microbiota is crucial for defense and may influence PTWI occurrence, though the relationship is unclear. This study explores the causal link between the skin microbiome and PTWI using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome wide association studies (GWAS) data of 147 skin microbiota taxa and PTWI. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis technique, while the MR-Egger and weighted median were used as supplementary analysis methods. Cochran’s Q test was used to perform heterogeneity analysis. The MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO were employed to assess potential horizontal pleiotropy. The leave-one-out method was utilized to evaluate the impact of individual SNPs on the overall causal effect. Results The two-sample MR analysis identified significant causal relationships between 12 skin microbiota species and PTWI. Five species were potentially beneficial: asv045 [Acinetobacter (unc.)] (OR = 0.971, P = 0.044), asv092 [C. kroppenstedtii] (OR = 0.966, P = 6.88e − 03), asv093 [Staphylococcus (unc.)] (OR = 0.911, P = 0.044), genus Finegoldia (OR = 0.965, P = 0.043), and genus Kocuria (OR = 0.95, P = 0.025). Seven species were potentially harmful: asv001 [P. acnes] (OR = 1.187, P = 0.041), asv005 [P. granulosum] (OR = 1.259, P = 6.06e − 03), family Micrococcaceae (OR = 1.24, P = 0.014), family Neisseriaceae (OR = 1.161, P = 0.038), genus Enhydrobacter (OR = 1.039, P = 0.013; OR = 1.202, P = 0.017), and order Bacteroidales (OR = 1.202, P = 0.012). PTWI may also induce skin microenvironment changes, disrupting homeostasis and increasing the likelihood of pathogenic microbiota, such as class Betaproteobacteria, genus Chryseobacterium, asv007 [Anaerococcus (unc.)], and family Flavobacteriaceae. Conversely, PTWI might promote beneficial microbiota, like asv005 [P. granulosum]. Conclusions This study provides strong evidence of a causal link between the skin microbiome and PTWI, emphasizing their complex interactions. These findings offer new insights for preventing and treating PTWI. Further research on the underlying mechanisms and similar studies in different populations are essential.
Reducing Pausing at Rich-to-Lean Schedule Transitions: Effects of Variable-Ratio Schedules and Noncontingent Timeouts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Transitions from relatively rich to lean conditions of reinforcement often produce extended pausing because this transition is relatively more aversive than other transition types (e.g., rich-rich, lean-lean, and lean-rich). In applied settings, aversive rich-lean transitions may underlie maladaptive aberrant behavior (e.g., self-injury, aggression, and severe stereotypy). Reducing the aversiveness of this critical transition is of basic and applied interest. The length of the pause may be used as an index of the aversive stimulation at rich-lean transitions and as an analog measure of aberrant behavior in clinical settings. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of arranging rich-lean transitions between variable-ratio (VR) schedules or random-ratio (RR) schedules on pausing at rich-lean transitions in four pigeons. Variable- and random-ratio schedules were equally effective at reducing pausing at rich-lean transitions. These results suggest that the aversive stimulation at rich-lean transitions was reduced with variable schedules. The applied implication is that aberrant behavior should be less likely to occur at rich-lean transitions when variable schedules are arranged. In Experiment 2, four transitions were separated by a timeout period imposed between the end of the reinforcer and before the start of the next multiple-schedule component. During the timeout, the response key was darkened and the reinforcement schedule was suspended until the timeout interval had elapsed. Across different timeout durations, ratio sizes, and probes, the timeout produced inconsistent within- and between-subject results. Inconsistent results may be attributable to the timeout reducing the number of transitions completed, performance failing to meet the quantitative and qualitative stability criteria, and insufficient reinforcement in the lean-schedule component. An interesting possibility raised by Experiment 2 is that the multiple schedule may have "chain-like" features (e.g., access to a rich-schedule component), which may maintain responding in the lean component when there is insufficient reinforcement.
Recurrence patterns of bladder transitional cell carcinoma after radical cystectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is widely accepted as an effective imaging modality in monitoring for bladder cancer recurrence after radical cystectomy. Elucidating the pattern of bladder cancer recurrence on CT can increase the diagnostic accuracy. Purpose To evaluate the recurrence patterns of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and the factors associated with cancer recurrence. Material and Methods One hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients (mean age, 66.55 years; range, 32–86 years) who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT and radical cystectomy were included in this study. The presence, site, and time of tumor recurrence were recorded retrospectively by two radiologists in a consensus fashion. The association of tumor recurrence and tumor factors (T stage, lymph node metastasis, nuclear grade, and tumor diameter) were also evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier statistics. Results Tumor recurrence occurred in 60 patients (40.3%) with a mean time of 14 months (range, 1–64 months). The sites of recurrence included the operation site ( n = 20), lymph node ( n = 20), bone ( n = 11), liver ( n = 6), lung ( n = 5), upper urinary tract ( n = 4), colon ( n = 3), adrenal gland ( n = 2), peritoneum ( n = 1), abdominal wall ( n = 1), psoas muscle ( n = 1), and penile skin ( n = 1). Tumor recurrence was found to be associated with advanced T stage ( P = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder recur more frequently at the operation site and lymph node, and T-stage and lymph node metastasis are closely associated with tumor recurrence.
Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The photoprotective and antioxidative properties of the flavonoid luteolin are synergistically augmented by tocopherol and ubiquinone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ultraviolet radiation induces DNA damage and oxidative stress which can result in skin inflammation, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. The flavonoid luteolin that is present in high amounts in the dyers weld, Reseda luteola, is one of the most potent antioxidative plant polyphenols that has also ultraviolet-absorbing properties.
Culture box

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We propose a tablet-based learning game that features cultures from all countries based on a selected time period. Children are a part of a world that is vast, and they want to interact with it. Discovering and exploring new lands is an activity that promotes open-mindedness, respect and other traits that are important for children in multicultural societies. The child will navigate through a timeline and see selections and locations that had a large impact during that time period, giving them an experience that includes space and time. This will allow them to immerse themselves completely in a culture or time of their choosing to acquire a more complete understand of the world and the cultures in it.
WA 0822-1455-5757 Distributor Jual Herbalife di Ngantru Tulungagung

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

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Economic evaluation of inhalers used in the treatment of asthma

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

SummaryAsthma is an important disease for New Zealand in terms of prevalence and costs, both direct and indirect. The objective of this study was to determine if there were any differences in primary care medical costs between treatment of asthma with four corticosteroid inhaler drug delivery systems (Autohaler™ [AUTO], Diskhaler™ [DISK], metered dose inhaler [MDI] and Turbuhaler™ [TURB]) in a general practice setting.The retrospective observational data-based research completed for this study involved a large population and recorded actual general practitioner prescribing practice. The perspective taken was that of the funder of health care. Data were obtained from the computerised clinical records of 28 New Zealand general practices. Cost data were on a per year per patient basis.The largest single cost item identified in this study was that of corticosteroid inhalers which ranged from 41% of total primary care cost for MDI to 52% for the TURB group. Total drug acquisition cost (inclusive of dispensing costs and wholesale and retail markups) was highest for TURB at $490 and lowest for MDI at $265, a difference of 85%. There was less variation in general practitioner consultations for asthma with total costs ranging from $104 for AUTO to $127 for DISK. Total primary care costs were lowest for MDI at $392 per annum and highest for TURB at $608, a difference of 55%. If the MDI total primary care costs are used as the base for an index (MDI total primary care costs set at 100) then AUTO becomes 116, DISK 134 and TURB 155.The model was robust with respect to conclusions relating to cost differences between the treatment groups. In all but one instance TURB remains the highest cost group.
Defeating the Enemy: the Image of the Turkish Slave in the Adriatic Periphery of the Papal States in the 18th Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical reasons for the use of the image of the Turkish slave (that was created in the late 16th century in Venice, after the battle of Lepanto) in two altarpieces realized in the second half of the 18th century in the Marche region, that is a periphery of the Papal States. The first work is an Our Lady of the Rosary, preserved in the Santissimo Sacramento church of Petriolo, in the province of Macerata, while the second picture is an Our Lady of the Victory, exposed in the church of St. Pius V of Grottammare, in the province of Ascoli Piceno. After analyzing the historical differences between these two iconographies, both related to the victory of Lepanto, this essay will discuss the attribution of the two paintings, based on a rich hitherto unpublished archival documentation. These documents also enable us to partly understand the causes of the humiliating staging of the defeated Turkish enemy, such a long time after the victory of Lepanto, and in a time when all major Mediterranean forces seek, on the contrary, to establish peace agreements with the Ottoman Empire.
LEARNING SOCIETY: HOW DOES OLDER PEOPLE`S LEARNING CONTRIBUTE TO ITS ADVANCEMEN?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article discusses the characteristics of the formation of a learning society and the learning opportunities for older adults. As international documents note, the aim of adult education and lifelong learning is to equip adults of all ages with the necessary skills to exercise and realize their rights and control their destinies. It promotes the personal and professional development of adults, the increased involvement of adults in the creation of learning communities and sustainable environments. Adult education is therefore becoming a crucial tool for reducing poverty, improving health and well-being and contributing to the creation of a sustainable learning society. Scientific literature, document analysis and secondary data analysis reveal that for construction of a learning society in Lithuania older people should be actively encouraged to join the learning process.
Effects of hypovolemia and transfusion on tumor growth in MCA-tumor-bearing rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pretransplant blood transfusion has been shown to significantly affect the outcome of renal transplantation. Evidence regarding the association of blood transfusions with growth or recurrence of solid tumors is still conflicting both in clinical and in experimental studies, although diminished survival has been suggested in several studies. To determine the influence of blood transfusions and hypovolemia, as separate or combined factors, on tumor growth, we evaluated the weight of a subcutaneously implanted sarcoma (methylcholanthrene-induced) in 35 rats. After reaching 1% tumor burden (day 0), the animals were separated into two groups: hypovolemia (shed volume, 15 ml/kg) or normovolemia. These groups were further divided according to resuscitation: OO (no resuscitation), BL (receiving syngeneic blood stored in citrate phosphate dextrose for 4 days, 15 ml/kg), SL (receiving 0.9% sodium chloride, 45 ml/kg). Tumor dimensions were determined daily by external measurement, and tumor weight was calculated. Hypovolemia exerted a significant influence on tumor growth, independent of the resuscitation modality. The rats that received blood transfusions showed an increased rate of tumor growth, compared to the animals that received saline solution or no treatment. No interaction was noted between the effects produced by hypovolemia and blood transfusion. We conclude that the hypovolemic event enhanced tumor growth independently of the resuscitation, and transfusion of citrate phosphate dextrose-blood stored for 4 days did influence tumor growth in this model. We suggest that the effect of blood transfusion in patients with cancer has to be redefined to account for the influence of possible hypovolemic events.