jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Topology Optimization Of Continuum Two-Dimensional Structures Under Compliance And Stress Constraints.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the problem of volume minimization of two-dimensional
continuous structures with compliance and stress constraints. Problems are solved by a
topology optimization technique, formulated as finding the best material distribution into the
design domain. Discretizing the geometry into simpler pieces and approximating the
displacement field, equilibrium equations are solved through the finite element method. A
material parametrization method is used to represent the fictitious constant material
distribution into each finite element. Sequential Linear Programming is used to solve the
optimization problem. For both compliance and stress constrained problems, an analytical
sensitivity analysis for elastic behavior is derived, and for this last problem, Von Mises
equivalent stress is the failure criteria considered. A first neighborhood filter was
implemented to minimize the effects of checkerboard patterns and mesh dependency, two
common problems associated to topology optimization. Stress constrained problems have a
further difficulty, the stress singularity, which may prevent the algorithm to reach a feasible
solution. To overcome this problem, the feasible domain is modified using a mathematical
perturbation technique, the epsilon-relaxation.
Relative anti-wear property evaluation of nano garnet gear lubricant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In gear boxes, the life of gears is increased by reducing the wear caused due to the friction between the rubbing surfaces of gears. This paper addresses on the study of the relative anti-wear property of nano garnet gear lubricant which are formulated by dispersing 0.25 wt%, and 0.50 wt% of nano garnet particles in commercially available SN500 grade gear lubricant oil through a standard two-step method. The anti-wear property of the lubricant is estimated by a four-ball wear test and is measured through the microscopic investigations on the surface texture modifications namely width of the wear ring and wear scar diameter. The width of wear ring is reduced to 3.83%, 6.39%, and the wear scar diameter is reduced to 6.1%, 2.44% due to the addition of 0.25 wt%, and 0.50 wt% of particle concentrations at a maximum applied load of 588N due to the rolling effect of nano garnet particles.
The venture creation process and entrepreneurial intention in emerging economies – a system dynamic’s approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Entrepreneurial intention is one of the main predictors of venture creation. However, the approaches used to analyze the entrepreneurial intention and venture creation are mostly linear approaches, leaving aside the fact that new ventures arise in a context characterized by fluctuations and instability, especially in emerging economies where economic and social factors are highly variables. Nevertheless, a dynamic approach could best represent its behavior. This study aims to propose an alternative approach and a starting point for more complex dynamic models in the entrepreneurship process that surpass the limitation of the current linear methodologies and allow gathering isolated studies' contributions. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a method to shed light on the processes related to the venture creation process and entrepreneurial intention by designing a system dynamics simulation model. Findings The results reveal that the delayed effect of expectations produces a growing tendency in project creation, venture establishment and venture creation. Likewise, the entrepreneurial intention is not a static variable; it changes by the system’s dynamics and disturbs the venture creation process, which produces an increase in oscillations in the model and, therefore, reduces the project’s growth and venture creation. Research limitations/implications This model is a generic approach for the study of venture creation and entrepreneurial intention. The model can analyze entrepreneurial intention and venture creation in different contexts, adjusting the different model parameters. The authors run a sensitivity analysis to encompass deviation from the parameter established and the uncertainty about them. However, the empirical data used for the model’s testing, in this case, correspond to an approximation to the behavior of venture creation in Colombia, which is considered an emerging economy. The model proposed does not pretend to incorporate all the variables and phenomena about entrepreneurship. Originality/value The approach suggested in this work aims to conceptualize venture creation as a complex process that emerges from the occurrence and combination of simpler states, instead of activities that represent building blocks. In addition, the term “entrepreneurial process” is defined as a composite of different perspectives that use a series of multidisciplinary theories to address the topic.
Towards a nobabelian cohomology of forms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a simple and natural coboundary operator, d, on the Lie algebra valued differential forms on a manifold, which reduces to usual exterior derivative d of such forms in the abelian case. Using the corresponding de Rham cohomology Lie superalgebra H ∗ (M, G), we obtain numerical smooth invariants—as opposed to homotopy invariants—for manifolds. The corresponding Hodge theory yields finiteness of nonabelian Betti numbers. A genralized Poincaré lemma, along with a Poincaré duality, a Mayer-Vietoris, and a particularly empowered Bockstein makes our cohomology computable. Bockstein also allows us to relate (nonabelian) diffeomorphism invariants to (abelian) homotopy invariants. 1
Constructive peer-feedback to improve language and communication skills in medical education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical students need to become fluent in the native language of the country they will be working in before entering their work environment at the hospital. For this purpose, third-year students in the international track medicine (ITM) at Maastricht University attended the interactive online medical-Dutch language course. In this study, the aim is to provide more insight into the perceived value of the role of peer-feedback in achieving language proficiency and communication skills. Therefore, the study focused on peer-feedback and its value for development of communication skills and language proficiency. After the course, students completed a brief survey and participated in semi-structured individual interviews. The data were analyzed and main themes related to factors that influence the peer-feedback process were extracted. According to the results, students have perceived that peer-feedback is beneficial for medical communication skills training and language proficiency. Nevertheless, the presence of clearly defined goals and instructions (Rubric), native-peers, and guidance from teachers or facilitators are also crucial factors to consider.
Study of incidence & clinical profile of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (ckdu) in a tertiary referral center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. CKD is a progressive condition and ultimately end up with kidney failure. It is distinct by its clinic pathologic characteristics and has multifactorial etiology, being mostly linked to several environmental toxins. In India too, there have been reports of the disease in several pockets. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of CKDu , disease characteristics, and risk factor profile in central Indian state of Maharashtra.

Aims & Objectives: To find out incidence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology & study clinical profile of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.

Methods: We selected 248 subjects (age >18 years) using multistage sampling. After obtaining demographic data, prevalence & risk factors of CKDu were measured in all subjects.

Results : Mean age of subject was 37.8 ± 12.6 years (range: 18-60), 74% were men and 26% were women. Out of 248 patients with chronic kidney disease, 38 (18.09% ) patients were patients of

chronic kidney disease with unknown etiology. 74% patients had rural background and 26% presented from urban background. Dehydration was found to be a risk factor in 5% of CKDu patients.

Conclusion: In this study, we report 18.10% prevalence of CKDu in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra of india which is much higher than other earlier studies in either rural or urban communities in india.
Effects of varying light quality from single-peak blue and red light-emitting diodes during nursery period on flowering, photosynthesis, growth, and fruit yield of everbearing strawberry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We studied the effects of varying light quality on the flowering, photosynthetic rate and fruit yield of everbearing strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. 'HS138'), which are long-day plants, to increase the efficiency of fruit production in plant factories. The plants were grown under continuous lighting using three types of blue and red LEDs (blue light peak wavelength: 405, 450, and 470 nm; red light peak wavelength: 630, 660, and 685 nm) during the nursery period. All blue light from the various peak LED types promoted more flowering compared with red light (630 and 660 nm except for 685 nm). The longer wavelength among the red light range positively correlated with earlier flowering, whereas the number of days to anthesis did not significantly differ among blue LED treatment wavelengths, irrespective of peak wavelength. The result of a similar experiment using the perpetual flowering Fragaria vesca accession Hawaii-4 representing a model strawberry species showed almost the same pattern of flowering response to light quality. These results suggest that long-day strawberry plants show similar flowering response to light quality. The photosynthetic rate under red light (660 nm) was higher than that under blue light (450 nm). However, the plants grown under red light showed lower photosynthetic capacity than those grown under blue light. Although the light color used to grow the seedlings showed no difference in the daily fruit production, blue light irradiation during the nursery period hastened harvesting because of the advance in flowering.
Investigations and Characterization of Alkaline Protease-Producing Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The study's goal was to investigate and characterize alkaline protease-producing Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3. The bacterium Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3 was isolated from Vindhya region (Rewa division) of Madhya Pradesh of central India. It grew on casein-containing media at pH 12 and protease activity was found positive. . The enzyme was in a stable state in its crude form at 50℃ and pH 12, indicating thermal stability and the alkaline nature of the enzyme. It was rod-shaped, long, filamentous, gram-positive bacterium and was positive for casein hydrolysis. Based on NCBI BLAST and Phylogenetic Analysis of 16s rRNA, it was identified as Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3. This is probably the first study to date, stating the alkaline protease synthesis from any Fermentibacillus species. It was closest to Fermentibacilolus polygoni IEB3 but in contrast to this, the identified bacterium showed casein hydrolysis. This is probably the first study to date, stating the alkaline protease synthesis from any Fermentibacillus species.
Different Approaches to Developing Small Satellite Missions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

While lower cost and increased launch opportunities provide easier access to space, there are different approaches to developing solutions for a small U-class satellite to support scientific research and government missions. JHU/APL has successfully led and flown two 3U CubeSat missions and is currently working on a third mission. The first mission, ORS TECH, was a two-spacecraft mission for the United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD). The second mission, RAVAN, was a single spacecraft mission for the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO). JHU/APL is leading a third 3U CubeSat mission, CAT, scheduled for launch in 2018 for the United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD). For each of these missions, JHU/APL took a different approach in the development of the 3U small satellite. This paper will review the three different methods used at JHU/APL for the development of 3U CubeSats and will provide insights and lessons learned for developing future small U-class satellites for educational, commercial, and government missions.
Epidemiology of Cancers of Uterine Cervix and Corpus, Breast and Ovary in Israel and New York City

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Epidemiology of Cancers of Uterine Cervix and Corpus, Breast and Ovary in Israel and New York City Get access Harold L. Stewart, Harold L. Stewart Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lucia J. Dunham, Lucia J. Dunham Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julian Casper, Julian Casper Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold F. Dorn, Harold F. Dorn Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louis B. Thomas, Louis B. Thomas Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John H. Edgcomb, John H. Edgcomb Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander Symeonidis Alexander Symeonidis Laboratory of Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 37, Issue 1, July 1966, Pages 1–95, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/37.1.1 Published: 01 July 1966 Article history Received: 02 May 1966 Published: 01 July 1966
Organoaluminum Cation Catalyzed Selective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls, Alkenes, and Alkynes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The N , N’ ‐chelated β ‐diketiminate analogue i. e ., conjugated bis‐guanidine (CBG) ligand L(3H) [L= {(ArHN)(ArN)−C=N−C=(NAr)(NHAr)}; Ar=2,6‐Et 2 ‐C 6 H 3 ], has been used to synthesize mono‐ and dinuclear Al(III) dimethyl complexes, [L(2H) AlMe 2 ] ( 1) and [L(H)(AlMe 2 ) 2 ] ( 2 ). Compounds 1 and 2 are synthesized by deprotonation method using free ligand and appropriate stoichiometric amounts of AlMe 3 and are structurally characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the reaction of compound 1 with B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 afforded a three‐coordinate aluminum methyl cation [L(2H)AlMe] + [MeB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ] − 3 in good yield. Compound 3 was thermally stable and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compound 3 catalyzed hydrosilylation of carbonyls, alkenes, and alkyne with triethylsilane (HSiEt 3 ) under solvent‐free conditions. We found that catalyst 3 is also effective for large‐scale hydrosilylation reactions. Additionally, we have shown that compound 3 catalyzed benzaldehyde's intermolecular chemoselective hydrosilylation over other reducible functional groups.
Calcium uptake and inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release from parathyroid gland membranes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The manner in which changes in Ca2+ are translated by the parathyroid gland into a signal for secretion of its major secretory proteins, parathormone and secretory protein-I, is not understood. In order to gain insight into this mechanism, Ca2+ transport was evaluated in porcine parathyroid gland membranes prepared by homogenization and differential centrifugation. The membranes were considered to be intact and appropriately 'sided' since they contained secretory protein-I and exhibited ATP-dependent uptake of [45Ca2+]. About 1 mol of ATP was hydrolyzed per mol of Ca2+ transported, signifying that the ATPase activity was relevant to the Ca2+ transport system of the membranes. Inositol trisphosphate, which is believed to be a universal signal for generating a change in cytosolic Ca2+ by discharging Ca2+ from internal membranes, caused the parathyroid membranes to release accumulated Ca2+. The membranes were able to partially reaccumulate the discharged Ca2+. The data suggest that intracellular Ca2+ metabolism in the parathyroid cell is similar to that of other secretory cells. If a change in intracellular concentration of this ion is involved in secretion, it may occur locally within the cytosol.
A Magnetic Core Voltage-to-Frequency Converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) telemetering system, there is a need for a subcarrier oscillator with these characteristics: 1) operating frequency a linear function of a dc input control voltage, 2) high input impedance, 3) square wave output with constant amplitude over the entire frequency range, and 4) frequency stability within one cycle during gated on-off operation. This paper describes a method for controlling the frequency of a square-loop magnetic core oscillator by means of a dc voltage to give a voltage-to-frequency converter with the above characteristics. Various design considerations are discussed; and a voltage controlled oscillator that operates from 15 to 5 kc as the input control voltage varies from 0 to +5 volts is used as the design example.
Birch-naïve, oak-allergic subjects’ response to birch pollen in an environmental chamber

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Oak and birch pollens are known to have strong cross-reactivity. It is unknown how robust this cross-reactivity is in subjects without natural exposure to pollen of both trees. We aimed to assess in an Allergen Challenge Chamber (ACC), the symptomatic responsiveness to birch pollen in subjects allergic to and naturally exposed to Virginia Live Oak (VLO) pollen and SPT-sensitive but not naturally exposed to birch pollen. METHODS: Subjects underwent SPT and blood draw for ssIgE to oak and birch antigens. Residential historical data were obtained. Subjects were exposed to birch pollen (3,500 ±700 gr/m ) in 2 consecutive 3-hour challenges. Symptoms were recorded at baseline and 30-minute intervals. RESULTS: Twenty-four subjects, 12 males, age 20-58 yrs, completed the study. Sixteen subjects (66.7%) responded with high total symptom scores (TSS) ≥10 of max 21. Twelve subjects (50%) had ssIgE ≥0.70 kU/L to oak. Subjects with a Class II ssIgE to oak pollen had a significantly higher max TSS than those without. Fifteen subjects without natural exposure to birch pollen responded with TSS equivalent to 9 with previous natural exposure. Those without natural birch exposure also responded similarly to subjects in birch endemic areas reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: Subjects allergic to oak pollen residing in South Texas, responded to birch pollen in an ACC with symptoms comparable to both those with previous exposure and also those residing in endemic areas and reported by other researchers. This robust response of cross-reactivity in oak-allergic subjects, without prior endemic exposure, suggests that a cross-reactive intervention could be efficacious.
Effects of the stone density on the outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: The measurement of the stone densities of urinary system calculi in Hounsfield units (HU) using non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) provides information regarding the composition and hardness of the stones. This study aims to evaluate the effects of stone HU values on the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes in pediatric stone disease patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the records of 57 pediatric patients, who had undergone PCNL between 2010 January and 2018 May, were evaluated. Demographic data, stone characteristics, peroperative changes, outcomes, and complications were obtained from patient records. The patients were divided into two groups based on their HU values: the low HU group (HU ≤1000) and the high HU group (HU &gt;1000). Results: A total of 61 PCNL operations were performed on 57 pediatric patients. Overall median stone size was 420 mm2 – 475 mm2 (78-2475) and simple/complex stone rate was (52.4%) / 29 (47.5%). A total of 38 patients were examined using NCCT prior to the operation. Twenty-two of the patients had an HU value ≤1000, whereas 16 had an HU value&gt;1000. There were no statistically significant differences between the low and the high HU groups in terms of the duration of procedure, fluoroscopy time, success rates, and complications.Conclusion: PCNL surgery is an effective method for the treatment of large and complex stones in the pediatric population. We determined that in pediatric patients who were evaluated using NCCT prior to PCNL the stone HU values of did not influence PCNL success.
Are 2 Radiographic Views As Good as 3 Views to Diagnose Ankle Fractures in Children and Adolescents?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Ankle radiographs are among the most commonly obtained trauma images in the pediatric population, with the standard 3 views (AP/mortise [M]/lateral [L]) routinely ordered in the emergency department. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of sets of 2 views (AP/L or M/L) with the standard 3 views. Methods One hundred twenty sets of ankle radiographs of skeletally immature patients obtained in the emergency department of a level 1 pediatric trauma center were used. These included sets with and without fractures. Sets of 3 and 2 views were reviewed by pairs of pediatric-trained orthopedic surgeons, radiologists, and emergency physicians. Each completed 3 randomized viewing sessions where all possible combinations for each set of radiographs were reviewed. Diagnoses for the 3 sets of views were compared for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for all reviewers were as follows: AP/M/L 74%, 94%, and 90%, AP/L 71%, 90%, and 94%, as well as M/L 69%, 90%, and 91%. P values for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AP/L and M/L compared with 3 views were 0.34, 0.04, and 0.52, as well as 0.04, 0.004, and 1.00, respectively. Conclusions In skeletally immature patients, statistically significant differences in accuracy were obtained when comparing the standard 3 AP/M/L views with more limited M/L views, suggesting that this set of 2 views is not as accurate. Differences in sensitivity of limited views were also statistically significant. Conversely, differences in accuracy between the standard 3 views and AP/Lateral views were not statistically significant. While more limited AP/L views may be comparable in accuracy and specificity and lead to dramatically decreased radiation and costs, this can be at the expense of less diagnostic sensitivity and increased risk of misdiagnosing or missing certain fractures. Level of Evidence Level III