jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Completeness and validity of alcohol recording in general practice within the UK: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Since 2010 the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has recommended screening adults for excessive alcohol consumption to try and help prevent alcohol-use disorders. Little is known about the extent to which these recommendations are followed, and the resulting completeness and validity of alcohol-related data recording in primary care. Objective To investigate the completeness and accuracy of recording of alcohol use within primary care records in the UK. Design and setting Cross-sectional study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Participants We included all adult patients registered on 1 st January 2018 with ≥1 year of follow-up. Primary and secondary outcome measures We calculated prevalence of alcohol consumption recording overall and within patient groups. We then validated alcohol consumption data against recommended screening tools (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)) as the gold standard. We also calculated how prevalence of alcohol recording changed over the preceding decade. Results In 2018, among 1.8 million registered adult patients, just over half (51.9%) had a record for a code related to alcohol in the previous 5 years. Recording of alcohol consumption was more common among women, older people, ex-smokers and those from more deprived areas, who were overweight/obese, or with comorbidities. A quarter of patients had units per week recorded in the last 5 years, but <10% had an AUDIT or Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) alcohol screening test score. The recorded alcohol measures corresponded to results from gold standard AUDIT scores. The distribution of consumption among current drinkers was similar to the Health Survey for England. Conclusions Half of adults in UK primary care have no recorded alcohol consumption data. When consumption is recorded, we have demonstrated internal and external validity of the data, suggesting greater recording may help identify opportunities for interventions to reduce harms.
Prediction of Recurrent Falls in Community-dwelling Older Adults Using Machine Learning Techniques

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based model to predict recurrent falls in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and over who have a history of falling and to identify key predictors to inform early detection and preventive strategies. Methods: Data from 612 older adults with prior falls, drawn from the 2023 Korean National Survey of Older Persons, were analyzed. Recurrent falls were defined as experiencing two or more falls in the past year. Independent variables included sociodemographic, health status, health behavior, functional status, fall-related, and environmental factors. Four models—Logistic regression, Random forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost—were used. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC). Feature importance was analyzed based on the best-performing model. Results: Random forest demonstrated the overall best performance and showed a significant difference compared with logistic regression, indicating that it was the most suitable model for predicting recurrent falls in this study. The major predictors of recurrent falls were identified as age, depression, fall treatment, cognitive function, and fall reason. Conclusions: This study is the first to apply machine learning for recurrent fall prediction among older adults in Korea, presenting models that demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional regression analysis. The findings provide an academic foundation for recurrent fall prediction research in Korea and confirm the feasibility of early identification of high-risk groups. Future work should focus on advancing the model to develop a decision-support tool applicable in both community and clinical settings.
Development Of A New Method For T-Joint Specimens Testing Under Shear Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nonstandard tests are necessary for analyses and
verification of new developed structural and technological solutions
with application of composite materials. One of the most critical
primary structural parts of a typical aerospace structure is T-joint.
This structural element is loaded mainly in shear, bending, peel and
tension. The paper is focused on the shear loading simulations. The
aim of the work is to obtain a representative uniform distribution of
shear loads along T-joint during the mechanical testing. A new
design of T-joint test procedure, numerical simulation and
optimization of representative boundary conditions are presented.
The different conditions and inaccuracies both in simulations and
experiments are discussed. The influence of different parameters on
stress and strain distributions is demonstrated on T-joint made of
CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced plastic). A special test rig designed by
VZLU (Aerospace Research and Test Establishment) for T-shear test
procedure is presented.
Apo2L/TRAIL pharmacokinetics in a phase 1a trial in advanced cancer and lymphoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

3047 Background: Apo2L/TRAIL (Apo2L ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is the first recombinant human protein that selectively induces apoptosis or programmed cell death in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The molecule used in this joint clinical development between Genentech, Inc. and Amgen, Inc., is an optimized recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL protein produced in E. coli. It displays broad activity in preclinical models of a variety of solid and hematologic cancers. This is the first report of the pharmacokinetics of Apo2L/TRAIL in humans. Methods: Thirty-nine patients enrolled in a phase 1a study had PK assessments at dose levels ranging from 0.5–15 mg/kg in two cohorts, those with and those without liver metastases. Recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL was administered as a 1-hr IV infusion for 5 consecutive days over a 21-day cycle. Serum concentrations were determined using a sensitive ELISA assay. PK calculations were performed using Non-compartmental analyses. Results: Currently Apo2L/TRAIL PK data are available for 27 patients, 15 in cohort 1 (no liver metastases) and 12 in cohort 2 (liver metastases). Mean (± SD) PK data for patients in cohort 1 and cohort 2 did not differ. PK data for cohort 1 are outlined in the table below. Apo2L/TRAIL clearance appeared proportional to dose and consistent with that predicted from nonclinical models. Cmax achieved at doses ≥ 4 mg/kg are equivalent to or greater than those displaying activity in preclinical models. There was no evidence of drug accumulation between day 1 and day 5 of treatment. Conclusions: Apo2L/TRAIL at doses which can be safely administered in humans produces serum concentrations consistent with those demonstrating efficacy in tumor xenograft models. Hepatic metastases with or without mild liver dysfunction do not appear to influence the PK of Apo2L/TRAIL. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Effects of a Selective Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> Synthetase Inhibitor on Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It has been reported that agents which block the prostaglandin system inhibit the development of glomerulonephritis. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. We studied the effect of a selective thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthetase inhibitor, 1-benzylimidazole (BIm), on the immune complex glomerulonephritis produced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in New Zealand white rabbits. As the BSA nephritis developed, there was no change of creatinine (Cr), serum urea nitrogen (SUN), or creatinine clearance (Ccr), but urinary protein excretion increased almost 3-fold. Coagulation and fibrinolytic studies suggested a hypercoagulable state and increased fibrinolytic activity. Platelet aggregation showed the reduction of maximum aggregation induced by ADP and collagen. Histological examination by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy revealed glomerular polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration, mononuclear cell (MON) proliferation, and fibrin deposition. In 70% of the rabbits, IgG and C3 deposits were seen by immunofluorescence mainly in mesangial areas. The administration of BIm to BSA nephritis had no effects on Cr, SUN or Ccr, but it significantly lessened the proteinuria. The study of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity suggested a less hypercoagulable state, and more efficient fibrinolysis occurred than in the group without BIm. BIm tended to normalize platelet aggregation. It also lessened the histological PMN infiltration (p less than 0.05), MON proliferation (p less than 0.01), and fibrin deposition (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that TxA2 may play an important pathogenetic role in the development and progression of glomerulonephritis.
Abstract 1558: TP53 codon 72 polymorphism association with prognosis in Puerto Rican head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: The p53 gene has many polymorphic sites that result in an altered activity of the protein, which may be associated to cancer risk. The polymorphic site of p53 at exon 4 codon 72 is a base substitution that produces an Arginine or a Proline (Arg72Pro). Each amino acid gives a specific function to p53, which may be associated to cancer susceptibility. This polymorphism is differentially dispersed among different ethnic populations. It has been widely studied in cancer, but still, epidemiologic findings relating p53 polymorphism and cancer risk have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect(s) of p53 polymorphism at exon 4 codon 72 on the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the Puerto Rican population. Methods: p53 polymorphism Arg72Pro, (rs1042522), was determined in a cohort of 131 HNSCC patients and 45 healthy controls. Genotyping of p53 polymorphism was accomplished using PCR-based restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Associations between clinicopathological parameters and p53 polymorphism were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and chi-square when suitable. Survival analysis of HNSCC patients, with each type of p53 genotype, was performed using Kaplan-Meier test. Results: The frequencies for homozygote Arg allele were 38.1% in HNSCC cases and 31.1% in healthy controls. The Pro allele carriers (Arg/Pro plus Pro/Pro) had a frequency of 61.9% in HNSCC cases and 68.9% in healthy controls. The OR of HNSCC cancer-associated with the Arg/Arg genotypes of codon 72 was 1.37 [95% CI: 0.63-2.82]. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that HNSCC patients with the Arg/Arg allele had a poorer survival rate compared to patients with the Pro allele (Hazard Ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.87-2.03, P=0.041). Additionally, p53 genotype and survival of HNSCC patients, classified by tumor site, was evaluated, and showed that Arg/Arg allele had a poorer survival rate, specifically for the larynx site (Hazard Ratio = 1.88, 95% CI: 0.98-3.60, P=0.035). In contrast, no statistically significant association was found between p53 polymorphic variants and gender, age, risk factors and staging. Conclusion: Our results suggest that homozygosity for Arg of p53 Arg72Pro may have a role in the progression of HNSCC in the Puerto Rican population. Detection of the p53 polymorphic variants may be used as an indicator of prognosis in HNSCC patients. Accurate prognosis in HNSCC will help clinicians to establish proper treatment and increase the survival of HNSCC patients. Citation Format: Bianca L. Rivera, Ricardo López, Roger Vázquez, Yarilis Castro, Adriana Báez. TP53 codon 72 polymorphism association with prognosis in Puerto Rican head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1558. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1558
The GRB 060218/SN 2006aj Event in the Context of other Gamma-Ray Burst Supernovae

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The supernova SN 2006aj associated with GRB 060218 is the second-closest GRB-SN observed to date (z =0.033). We present Very Large Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, and Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope multi-color photometry of SN 2006aj. This super-nova is found to be subluminous and rapidly evolving. Its early light curve includes an additional wavelength-dependent component, which can be interpreted as shock break-out. We compare the photometric evolution of multi-band light curves with the corresponding properties of the present sample of more than 10 GRB-SNe with precisely known redshifts. Using host-galaxy extinction measure-ments, we derive extinction-corrected GRB-SN luminosities and place SN 2006aj in the context of this GRB-selected supernova sample as well as in the context of local stripped-envelope supernovae.
Rethinking Resident Perceptions of Tourism in British Columbia, Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This joint academic/practitioner report segments British Columbia, Canada residents to provide destination managers with new ways to better understand resident perceptions of tourism. The data collection was conducted in April and May of 2022 and had a total of 2,265 valid responses. It was also a practical objective to conduct this research in a manner that is repeatable in jurisdictions beyond British Columbia. This report has confirmed five distinct categories of residents’ perceptions toward tourism, including socio-cultural, economic, environmental, job/career, and Indigenous impacts. In addition to the categories of impacts, a cluster analysis has revealed six clusters of residents based on the five categories: Tourism Ambassadors, Tourism Supporters, Socio-cultural and Tourism Economic Supporters, Neutrals, Concerns about Careers and Environment, and Tourism Adversaries. Managerial implications and opportunities for future destination management and governance are discussed.
The Effects of Pedaling-Based Progressive Resistance Training on Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Female Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty: Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective solution for pain relief and functional recovery in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. However, stiffness of the knee, limited range of motion, and weakened muscle strength are challenges of postoperative rehabilitation. This study investigated the effects of a pedaling-based progressive resistance training (PPRT) program on range of motion, muscle strength, physical function, and gait in patients who had undergone TKA. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 female patients (aged 65–79) who underwent TKA participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the PPRT group (n = 24) or the control group (n = 24). The PPRT group performed the training for 60 min per session, twice a day, five days a week, for four weeks. The primary outcomes were the muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) of the knee. Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results: There was a significant time × group interaction effect in all the quadriceps strength values (p < 0.05), with a moderate to large effect size (η2p = 0.142–0.390). The PPRT group showed a smaller decrease in knee flexor and extensor strength and a greater improvement in knee flexion range of motion compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The WOMAC index and TUG time were also significantly improved compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In the time × group interaction, a significant effect was shown in WOMAC pain, physical function, and total score (p < 0.05) with a moderate to large effect size (η2p = 0.099–0.196). TUG time also showed a significant time × group interaction (p < 0.05) with a moderating effect (η2p = 0.0840). Conclusions: This study suggests that pedaling-based progressive resistance training helps maintain knee flexor and extensor strength as well as improves range of motion and physical function in patients following TKA and can be proposed as effective training for post-TKA rehabilitation.
Effects of High Electric Fields on Tunneling-Assisted Optical Electron Transitions in a-Si

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical model for the optical absorption of amorphous silicon (a-Si) at high electric field aimed for ease of use is developed. Optical absorption is proportional to the number of possible transitions from valence band to conduction band. When an electron is excited by a photon, the atom it was bound to is ionized and bends all the energy levels to form a Coulombic potential funnel. A high electric field tilts all the energy levels. The Coulombic funnel and the tilted conduction band form a potential barrier through which an electron can tunnel, giving rise to additional available density of conduction band states, thus increasing the optical absorption. The model was used to calculate the optical absorption at zero electric field, 100 kV/cm, and 1 MV/cm. Results show that, although optical absorption change is barely perceptible at electric fields up to 100 kV/cm, the change is much more pronounced at an electric field strength of 1 MV/cm.
Plasmonic\nGold Nanoparticles Stain Hydrogels for the\nPortable and High-Throughput Monitoring of Mercury Ions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The\nhybrid of l-cysteine and agarose can reduce HAuCl<sub>4</sub> and support the rapid growth of plasmonic gold nanoparticles\n(Au NPs) in the hydrogel phase. The l-cysteine-doped agarose\nhydrogel (C-AGH) not only offers the substrate the capacity to reduce\nAu­(III) ions but also stabilizes and precisely modulates the <i>in situ</i> grown Au NPs with high repeatability, easy operation,\nand anti-interference performance. Herein, before the incubation of\nHAuCl<sub>4</sub>, the improved hydrogel is preincubated in the aqueous\nsolution containing mercury ions, and the cysteine can specifically\nconjugate with mercury <i>via</i> the thiol groups. Subsequently,\nthe responsive allochroic bands from dark blue to red can be identified\nin the solid hydrogel after the incubation of HAuCl<sub>4</sub>, which\nis attributed to the formation of regulated Au–Hg nanoamalgams.\nAs a proof-of-concept, toxic Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions are exploited as\ntargets for constructing novel sensing assays based on the improved\nC-AGH protocol. Based on naked-eye recognition, Hg<sup>2+</sup> could\nbe rapidly and simply measured. Additionally, the high-throughput\nand trace analysis with a low limit of detection (3.7 nM) is performed\nusing a microplate reader. On the basis of the filtering technique\nand remodeling of hydrogels, C-AGH working as the filtering membrane\ncan even achieve the integration of enrichment and measurement with\nenhanced sensitivity. Significantly, the strategy of using an allochroic\nhydrogel with the staining of Au NPs can promote the rapid and primary\nassessment of water quality in environmental analysis.
Slope Stability Analysis Based on Rock Mass Rating, Geological Strength Index and Kinematic Analysis in Vindhyan Rock Formation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Geological Strength Index (GSI) and kinematic analysis are widely employed in geotechnical engineering practice. The RMR and GSI both are used for rock mass characterization while the kinematic analysis is applied to identify the mode of failure of slope based on rock discontinuities and slope face characteristics of rock. An attempt has been made to analyze the RMR, GSI and Kinematic Analysis using in-situ data corresponding to Vindhyan sandstone. The data has been collected from outcrops at seven different locations in and around Markundi hill along SH-5, Chopan, Sonbhadra. The relationship between RMR and GSI for Vindhyan sandstone in the study area has been attempted using generalize equation proposed by Hoek (2013) while the kinematic analysis has been applied to decipher the weak zone of failure using RocScience Dips software. The lowest RMR value estimated is 35 for location S-4 and the highest RMR value is 58 for location S-1. Other locations viz, S-2, S-3, S-5, S-6 and S-7 have the RMR value from 42 to 49 which infers that the Vindhyan sandstone existing at Markundi is characterized by both poor as well as fair rock mass. The GSI value of the location S-1 is estimated as 34 (minimum) and 46 (maximum) of location S-4. GSI value of the same rock formation also corroborates that the rock mass belongs to poor as well as fair rock mass. The wedge failure is inferred due to intersection of two sets of joints oriented in north-west and north-east direction. The line of intersections of these two discontinuities are observed in wedge shaped block. It is concluded that the locations under investigations have tendency of wedge failure.
P3‐051: Novel Alzheimer’s Therapeutics Candidate SAK3 Enhances the ACH Release and LTP Induction in the Hippocampus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (T-VGCCs) are involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, pain and sleep. We found the mechanism underlying cognitive enhancement of a novel Alzheimer disease drug candidate, ST101 (piro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,2-indan]-2(3H)-one) which stimulates T-VGCC in mouse cortical slices and neuro2A cells over-expressed Cav3.1 (Moriguchi et al., J Neurochem 2012;121:44-53). We here successfully synthesized another series of spiroimidazopyridine derivatives (SAKs) and investigated the effect of SAK3 on various isoforms of T-VGCCs and hippocampus-dependent memory. Neuro2A cells were transfected by T-VGCC alpha-subunit CACNA1G (Cav3.1), CACNA1H (Cav3.2), or CACNA1I(Cav3.3) with lipofection. The hippocampal LTP was monitored in the present of 100pM SAK3. The hippocampal ACh release was measured by microdialysis. The whole cell path-clamp recording indicated that all T-VGCC currents reach a peak at -40 mV. SAK3 (100pM) treatments rapidly enhanced Cav3.1 and Cav 3.3 currents and the SAK3-enhanced currents were totally blocked by a T-VGCC selective blocker NNC 55-0396. In addition, SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) administration markedly stimulated the hippocampal ACh release which was totally blocked by NNC 55-0396 treatment. Cav3.1 T-VGCC was highly expressed in the hippocampus. The cognitive enhancer SAK3 acting on T-VGCC can be elicited by the ACh release and LTP enhancement in the hippocampus. This work is supported by Translational Research Network Project "Seed B" (AMED).
ATTOSECOND X-RAY PULSES IN THE LCLS USING THE SLOTTED FOIL METHOD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A proposal has been made to generate femtosecond and sub-femtosecond x-ray pulses in the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) SASE FEL by using a slotted spoiler foil located at the center of the second bunch compressor chicane. This previous study highlighted a simple case, using the nominal LCLS parameters, to produce a 2-fsec FWHM, 8-keV x-ray pulse. The study also pointed out the possibility of attaining sub-femtosecond pulses by somewhat modifying the LCLS compression parameters, but did not undertake a full study for this more aggressive case. We take the opportunity here to study this ''attosecond'' case in detail, including a full tracking simulation, exploring the limits of the technique.