jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Circadian Oscillations Persist in Low Malignancy Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epidemiological studies have shown that humans with altered circadian rhythms have higher cancer incidence, with breast cancer being one of the most cited examples. To uncover how circadian disruptions may be correlated with breast cancer and its development, prior studies have assessed the expression of BMAL1 and PER2 core clock genes via RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. These and our own low-resolution data show that BMAL1 and PER2 expression are suppressed and arrhythmic. We hypothesized that oscillations persist in breast cancer cells, but due to limitations of protocols utilized, cannot be observed. This is especially true where dynamic changes may be subtle. In the present work, we generated luciferase reporter cell lines representing high- and low-grade breast cancers to assess circadian rhythms. We tracked signals for BMAL1 and PER2 to determine whether and to what extent oscillations exist and provide initial correlations of circadian rhythm alterations with breast cancer aggression. In contrast to previous studies, where no oscillations were apparent in any breast cancer cell line, our luminometry data reveal that circadian oscillations of BMAL1 and PER2 in fact exist in the low-grade, luminal A MCF7 cells but are not present in high-grade, basal MDA-MB-231 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of core circadian clock oscillations in breast cancer cells. This work also suggests that circadian rhythms are further disrupted in more aggressive/high tumor grades of breast cancer, and that use of real time luminometry to study additional representatives of breast and other cancer subtypes is merited.
Feed on-demand glucose control for mammalian bioprocesses based on real-time oxygen uptake rate computation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Glucose Fütterungsstrategie basierend auf Echtzeit-Sauerstoffaufnahmeraten-Berechnung für tierische Zellkultur Prozesse vorgestellt. Hierfür wurden dreizehn historische Fed-batch Bioprozesse ausgewertet, um die Korrelation zwischen Sauerstoff- und Glukoseaufnahmerate zu untersuchen. Der aus diesen Daten generierte Soft-sensor ist in der Lage die Glucosekonzentration in Kulturmedium während eines Prozesses zu schätzen und erreichte dabei einen mittleren absoluten Fehler (MAPE) von 13 % sowie einen mittleren quadratischen Gesamtfehler (RMSE) von 1.2 g/L. Für die Charakterisierung des Massentransferkoeffizienten (kLa) in einem Pilotreaktor (100L) wurden eine Reihe von Versuchen durchgeführt und aus den gewonnenen Daten ein Modell erstellt, welches den Koeffizienten während des gesamten Fermentationszeitraums beschreiben kann. Dieses wurde in die Sauerstoffratenberechnung implementiert und die Rate sowie der Glukosekonzentrationsverlauf für einen Bioprozess im Pilotmaßstab berechnet. Mit Hilfe der vorangegangenen Experimente konnte eine Fütterungsstrategie entwickelt werden, bei der Anhand der Sauerstoffaufnahmerate auf die Glukosekonzentration sowie den Verbrauch geschlossen wird und die Differenz zum Sollwert automatisch durch Zugabe von Fütterungsmedium ausgeglichen wird. Diese wurde danach in einem Prozess im 15 L Maßstab angewandt und der Grundsatzbeweis erbracht.
Recognition of Endovascular Manipulations using Recurrent Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ability to accurately recognize elementary surgical gestures is a stepping stone to automated surgical assessment and surgical training. In this paper, a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is applied to the task of recognizing six typical manipulations in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The manipulation mentioned above is referring to the atomic surgical operation, also called surgeme in many research. Instead of using the video data or kinematic data of surgical instruments, we propose to use the kinematic data of the operator's hand acquired by our wearable data glove to recognize the manipulations. To establish a baseline for comparison, a method based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is applied because HMM is frequently used in the tasks of surgical sequence learning. Two cross-validation schemes are used in our experiments, they both illustrate that our LSTM-based method far outperforms the HMM-based method. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to apply the LSTM recurrent neural network in the field of PCI.
Routine Clinical Applications of Hemodialysis-Hemoperfusion in Chronic Renal Failure: Case Reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Five hemodialysis patients were treated with combined hemodialysis-hemoperfusion with their conventional hemodialyzer plus a 70-gram ultrathin collodion coated activated charcoal device for a total of 63 months. Indications for this therapy included pericarditis, peripheral neuropathy, clotting of conventional hemodialyzers and reduction of dialysis time and frequency. The outcome was beneficial in all cases and stable biochemical and hematological parameters were maintained. No increase in heparin requirements was noted and the therapy was thought to be cost-effective.
Up-to-date state of storage techniques used for large numerical data files

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Methods for data storage and output in data banks and memory files are discussed along with a survey of equipment available for this. Topics discussed include magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, Terabit magnetic tape memory, Unicon 690 laser memory, IBM 1360 photostore, microfilm recording equipment, holographic recording, film readers, optical character readers, digital data storage techniques, and photographic recording. The individual types of equipment are summarized in tables giving the basic technical parameters.
Cavitation on single electron bubbles in liquid helium at small negative pressure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Liquid helium under negative pressure represents a unique possibility for studying the macroscopic quantum nucleation phenomena in condensed media. We analyze the quantum cavitation rate of single electron bubbles at low temperatures down to absolute zero. The energy dissipation and sound emission processes result in the different temperature behavior of quantum cavitation rate in normal fluid $^3$He and superfluid $^4$He below the thermal-quantum crossover temperature. The position of rapid nucleation line in the temperature-pressure phase diagram is discussed as well.
Morphological Studies on the Ciliary Muscles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After the morphological studies on the ciliary muscles, ligamentum pectinatum and scleral spur of the human eye, the author has come to have the following opinions:The contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscles at accmodation have an influence like a pump on the pressure in the canal of Schlemm. That is, at the contraction of muscles the scleral spur which is the back and inside wall of the canal is pulled backward, and the ligamentum pectinatum which is the inside wall of the canal moves inward, so the space of the canal is dirated. When the muscles relax, the spur and ligament return to original place, so that the space of the canal is narrowed.The contraction of the muscles at accomoodation enlarges the meshes of the ligament, the spaces between the mesh planes and the area of the ligament which faces to the anterior, chamber, so that it becomes easy for the aqueous humor to pass through the ligament. The other way, the relaxation of the muscles makes the aqueous difficult to pass through.These function of the ciliary muscles on the ligment make the pump like action of the canal more effective.
Context-parametric polykinded types

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generic Haskell is a language extension of Haskell for polytypic programming. Constrained types are parametric algebraic types with at least one argument constrained by type-class membership. We explain Generic Haskell, discuss the relevance of constrained types, and show that they are not supported by Generic Haskell. We propose context-parametric polykinded types as a solution, thereby making polytypic functions generic on a larger class of types. Our proposal entails an extension to the Generic Haskell compiler, not the language, and is therefore transparent to the generic programmer.
18F FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient with Sarcoidosis: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas that can affect any site in the body with extremely variable clinical course. Fluorine -18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) is a useful technique for detecting active inflammatory sites in patients with sarcoidosis thus diagnosis, monitoring response and predicting prognosis. Here we present the case of a 44-year-old lady with sarcoidosis having hepatic involvement detected by 18F FDG PET/CT scan. This patient was presented with increasing complaints of low-grade fever, weight loss and generalized weakness for two years who was found to have a hilar lymphadenopathy in chest X-ray and chest CT scan. 18F FDG PET/CT scan performed to see the extent of disease and revealed multiple hypermetabolic mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. There was also heterogenous intense FDG uptake (SUVmax:9.6) in liver without definite change on CT likely due to sarcoidosis involvement in the liver. Later on, hepatic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic sarcoidosis. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 107-111, 2024
Inline digital holographic movie based on a double-sideband filter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This Letter proposes a new optical architecture based on a double-sideband filter, simultaneously applied at the Fourier plane, for inline digital holography. The proposed architecture not only allows removal of the conjugate images in the reconstruction process but also reduces the distortions that usually appear when using a single-sideband filter. We first introduce the mathematical model that explains the method and then describe the optical setup used for the implementation. The optical system includes a parallel aligned liquid crystal display placed at the Fourier plane that simultaneously filters positive and negative frequencies, when properly combined with linear polarizers. This feature makes the device useful to register dynamic processes. Finally, we tested the setup by registering a holographic movie of microscopic moving objects placed at different planes.
The Makerere Gendered Corpus: A Gendered English to Luganda Parallel Corpus

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This English-Luganda parallel sentence corpus consists of gendered examples created by a team of researchers from Makerere AI Lab at Makerere University with a team of Luganda teachers, students and freelancers. The collaborative work which involves generating English sentences under CC-0 and translating these sentences using a crowdsourcing, iterative and opensource approach was done using Pontoon an opensource Translation Management System built by Mozilla. This is a corpus of 1,000 parallel sentences.
INTRODUCING FINANCIAL ASSETS INTO STRUCTURAL MODELS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews extensively the literature on asset pricing and builds a structural\ndynamic general equilibrium model with financial assets. We obtain the policy function of\nthe calibrated model and approximate it up to third order. We derive asset pricing and\nvarious premiums conditions up to the third order, meaning that returns depend on the first\nthree conditional moments. We obtain a hypothetic yield curve whose curvature increases\nwith the order of approximation because of premiums. In addition, impulse responses of\nvarious fundamental shocks illustrate the effects on the level and slope of bond yields with\nseveral maturities and on break-even inflation. Important shocks are technology and\ninflation target shocks.
Energy potential festulolium herbage with short-term and long-term use

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The studies for the period 2004–2017, he reveals a high energy potential of pasture herbage technologies, created on the basis of domestic varieties of Festulolium VIK 90 at 6-and 14-year-old terms of use. The ratio of anthropogenic and natural factors in the production of pasture feed is given. At the same time, the leading role of renewable natural factors has been revealed: they account for 66–71% of the structure of metabolic energy production.
Mental Models of School for Preschool Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p style="text-align:justify">The aim of this study was to determine mental models of 334 pre-school children concerning school. Children in the city center of Kastamonu in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey were included. Content analysis was conducted on pictures drawn by the children, and the models were split into two groups, scientific and nonscientific. The scientific group was split into three types; the nonscientific group, into four. About 40% of the children had a scientificbased school perception, while 60% were nonscientific. No significant difference was found between the mental models of females and males. Few studies have investigated mental models, so this study fills a gap, but further studies would aid the understanding of the relevant pedagogic architecture.</p>
AT-62 * ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL CONCERNING THE EXTENT OF SURGICAL RESECTION IN NEW GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME: A SINGLE-CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Within the literature there is a body of evidence which suggests greater cytoreductive surgery increases survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Complete surgical resection is not always possible and often only sub-total resection or biopsy is achieved. AIMS: We analysed survival of patients treated at our single neuro-oncology centre in the post-Stupp era regarding extent of surgical resection in relation to overall survival (OS). METHODS: Retrospective cohort sub-set analysis of the 90 patients newly diagnosed with GBM between December 2009 and December 2013, treated under Stupp combined modality protocol through a retrospective review of clinical records, comparing survival of patients who underwent biopsy, sub-total resection and complete resection. Survival data was calculated from date of diagnostic surgery. Survival analysis was completed for each subgroup using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Whole cohort median OS was 14 months with a 40.9% 2-year survival rate. Biopsy group median OS was 9 months (18 patients; 20%). Subtotal resection (<90% tumour volume) group median OS was 12.5 months (24 patients; 26.67%). Complete resection (>90% tumour volume) group median OS was 15 months (48 patients; 53.33%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing complete resection have increased median OS compared to those undergoing less radical surgery. In patients unsuitable for radical surgery, biopsy or subtotal resection may provide a viable alternative alongside Stupp protocol. NOTE: further data of 25 patients to be analysed before finalisation.
Choroidal Involvement in Erdheim-Chester Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare infiltrative disorder of non-Langerhans cell histiocytes, which affects multiple organs, including bone, heart, lungs, orbits, central nervous system (CNS), pituitary gland, and retroperitoneum. Bone affliction is almost universal in these patients and, to a lesser degree, the CNS, retroperitoneum, and other tissues. Eye involvement is typically retro-orbital or periorbital. This case report describes a 48-year-old patient who presented with reduced vision in the left eye and no other complaints. Fundus examination revealed a choroidal mass in the macula. The authors believe that this might be the second case of choroidal involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:674–676.]
Behavior of Cell on Vibrating Micro Ridges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of micro ridges on cells cultured at a vibrating scaffold has been studied in vitro. Several parallel lines of micro ridges have been made on a disk of transparent polydimethylsiloxane for a scaffold. To apply the vibration on the cultured cells, a piezoelectric element was attached on the outside surface of the bottom of the scaffold. The piezoelectric element was vibrated by the sinusoidal alternating voltage (Vp-p < 16 V) at 1.0 MHz generated by a function generator. Four kinds of cells were used in the test: L929 (fibroblast connective tissue of C3H mouse), Hepa1-6 (mouse hepatoma), C2C12 (mouse myoblast), 3T3-L1 (mouse fat precursor cells). The cells were seeded on the micro pattern at the density of 2000 cells/cm2 in the medium containing 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 1% penicillin/ streptomycin. After the adhesion of cells in several hours, the cells are exposed to the ultrasonic vibration for several hours. The cells were observed with a phase contrast microscope. The experimental results show that the cells adhere, deform and migrate on the scaffold with micro patterns regardless of the ultrasonic vibration. The effects of the vibration and the micro pattern depend on the kind of cells.
Urban Walking: Configuring the Modern City as Cultural and Spatial Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dissertation explores the aesthetics of spatial politics and the politics of spatial aesthetics in urban literature and culture from the early twentieth century to the post-industrial era. It develops a theoretical framework on urban walking by intersecting, among other theories, Walter Benjamin's concept of flânerie as a form of perambulating social criticism; Guy Debord's idea of the drive as the drifting journey without an official map; Michel de Certeau's city walking as a rhetorical tactic for creative resistance; as well as the theories of walking by New Urbanists and theories of digital flnerie performing urban walking through virtual windows. The dissertation considers urban walking as both a theoretical method and cultural practice to contend that the experience of the city on foot not only replicates but profoundly shapes social relations and identities, helping with the progressive transformation of space and society. This argument is explored with the help of diverse corpus including urban literature, paintings, and artistic self-performances. The dissertation includes the following thematic foci and works: embodiment in Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie and James Joyce's Ulysses; gender in the body sculptures and poetry by Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven and oil paintings by Florine Stettheimer; temporal shifts in Djuna Barne's Nightwood and Jay McInerney's Bright Lights, Big City; and ethnic and cultural alterity in the post-9/11 fiction of Joseph ONeill and Teju Cole. The dissertation is framed by the authors' personal and photographic evocations of walking as a practice of acculturation to Toronto over more than a decade. Ultimately, by pivoting between theory and practice, text and visual, the study advances the field of urban walking as a dynamic and underexplored scholarly space for politically engaged interventions responding to the economic, gender, racial, and ecological urgencies of our era.
1,5‐hexadiene polymers. II. Copolymers of ethylene and 1,5‐hexadiene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of crystalline ethylene‐1,5‐hexadiene copolymers containing 15–93 mole‐% ethylene were prepared with an AIR 3 /TiCl 3 –AlCl 3 catalyst system. X‐ray diffraction analyses showed two distinct crystalline phases in the copolymers; one phase had the polyethylene structure whereas the other had the poly‐1,5‐hexadiene structure. However, the unit cell sizes of these two phases were significantly different from those of the respective homopolymers, indicating that both types of monomeric units are present in each of the copolymer phases. Physical property measurements on the copolymers support these conclusions.
Changes in the expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis and transport by the rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The relationship between BA (bile acid) secretion (measured by GC–MS) and the expression of genes (measured by reverse transcription real-time PCR) involved in liver BA transport and metabolism was investigated at 20 and 32 weeks during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. A progressive loss of mRNA for transporters (more marked for Ntcp, Bsep and Mrp2 than for Oatp1/Oatp1a1, Oatp2/Oatp1a4 and Oatp4/Oatp1b2) was found. The mRNA levels of Cyp7a1 and the nuclear receptors FXR (farnesoid X receptor), SHP (small heterodimer partner) and FTF (α-fetoprotein transcription factor) were not modified, whereas those of Cyp8b1 were enhanced and those of Cyp27 were reduced. Biliary secretion of CA (cholic acid) remained unchanged, whereas that of CDCA (chenodeoxycholic acid) and other non-C12-hydroxylated BAs was diminished. The re-appearance of ‘flat-BAs’ (mainly allo-BAs at 20 weeks and Δ4-unsaturated-BAs at 32 weeks) probably reflects the progressive decrease observed in the expression of 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid 5β-reductase, together with the maintenance of steroid 5α-reductase type I. A significant correlation between the 5α-reductase/5β-reductase ratio and bile output of ‘flat-BAs’ was found. In conclusion, during rat hepatocarcinogenesis, the expression of transporters/enzymes responsible for BA homoeostasis is changed due to mechanisms other than those controlled by FXR/SHP/FTF. These modifications result in the re-appearance of ‘flat-BAs’, together with an increased CA/CDCA ratio in bile.
A pulsed power system for generating multiple high voltage pulses with a short pulse repetition interval

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new type of multipulse generator is proposed for the generation of high power pulses with extremely short pulse repetition interval. In this system, an air-core step-up transformer is used with a magnetic switch and the pulse forming line is charged on a double resonance mode. Numerical simulations of the system have shown that 56 ns duration pulses matched to a 20 Ω impedance can be produced with a minimum pulse separation of 2.7 μs. The voltages and the efficiencies of the output pulses are 0.63 MV and 93% for the first pulse and 0.56 MV and 69% for the second pulse.