jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Communicative Functions of Speech in a Monolingual Kindergarten

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes the communicative function of language in a monolingual public school kindergarten. The study was based on observations of cla.sroom communication and interviews with the teacher. The paper describes the speech of students and the teacher during different segments of the school day, and presents an analysis of 290 speech acts transcribed during observations of circle time, math time, and free time activities. The speech acts were categorized by communicative function, based on SavilleTroike's six categories: (1) directive; (2) expressive; (3) metalinguistic; (4) phatic; (5) poetic; and (6) referential. The study found that members of the class were most likely to engage in directive communication or to communicate factual information to one another. They were less likely to use speech as a means of personal expression, to show group solidarity, or simply as language play. (MDM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********************************************************************A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office oi EducatanaI Research and Irnprovernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI h participants in the educational process are expected to be able to read, write, and speak in diverse ways in order to expand their knowledge base and thinking skills. The way the participants use language in the classroom provides a wealth of information about the values, attitudes, abilities, and intentions of the participants. Language has not gone unattended to by researchers who look at educational settings. Detailed studies have been done by Crahas and Delhaxle (1991), Kearney (1991), White and Kistner (1991) and others that focus on the ways teachers use language in the classroom. Many studies have also been done on language use in second language classrooms (e.g. Wong Filmore, 1980; Cooley & Lujan, 1982; Sapiens, 1982). Less work has been done describing and discussing language use by students in American public schools where standard English is used by the participants. Ethnography, an analytic description of a cultural scene, is often used to provide rich data about the context and activities of participants in educational settings (Goetz & LeCompte, 1984). This paper is a descriptive ethnography that focuses analysis on the kindergarten and describe the patterns observed. micro level. The researcher intends to look at language use and functions in a public school A kindergarten class in the Sch_pol District of Latham1 was observed. The school, 0-Latham Elementary, has 560 children ranging from kindergarten to fourth grade. Students IN) range in age from 5 to 11. Latham Elementary is in a suburban district bordering a large I (' 0 East Coast city. The school, like the community, is multi-cultural, including European -..) Americans, Asian Americans, and African Americans. The school has significant Jewish I---Aand Korean populations within those categories.
Determination of Evapotranspiration Rate and Estimation of Daily Evapotranspiration in a Japanese Pear Orchard

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to estimate the amount of soil water content of orchards in a region and to improve water management, observations of transpiration and evapotranspiration were made in a Japanese pear orchard. The observations were made over a perild of 4 years, from April to October of each year, using the energy budget (EB), soil water (SW), eddy correlation (EC), and trunk energy budget (TEB) methods. The measured daily transpiration or evapotranspiration was highly proportional to Penman potential evapotranspiration (PET) for almost any month and year. When the inter-year variation was neglected, the coefficient of this proportionality for evapotranspiration (CET) in each month ranged from 0.77 to 0.85. Thus, (0.80 × PET) was proposed as the simplest estimation for daily evapotranspiration. The inter-year variation in CET was larger during the summer season. In the summer, CET was lower in the years in which less precipitation occurred, and a midday depression in the rates of transpiration and evapotranspiration was observed when pF increased. Therefore, water stress was suggested as the cause of inter-year variation in CET. When the effect of water stress was excluded, CET was lower in April, May, and October, and its seasonal variation was around 20%. Since the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration was lower in April and May, seasonal depression in CET was suggested to occur due to depressed transpiration that occurred as a result of a small leaf area index (LAI). Thus, finally, we proposed the estimation of daily evapotranspiration more precisely by using the formula 0.97 × f (pF) × g (LAI) × PET, in which the decreasing function f (pF) and the increasing function g (LAI) were introduced.
Model-Based Temperature Monitoring of the Internal Combustion Engine of a Lightweight Long-Endurance Fixed-Wing UAV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The overheating of internal combustion engines tailored for UAV applications is avoided during high-power flight phases (e.g., climb), by applying step-climb manoeuvres to repeatedly cool down the engine. This cyclic condition, over successive missions, can accumulate relevant latent performance degradations that can persist for long time before scheduled maintenance. This study deals with the modelling of cylinder head temperature of internal combustion engines for UAV applications, aiming to facilitate an accurate temperature model-based monitoring from which infer unscheduled maintenance. Starting from thermodynamics first principles and applying simplifying assumptions, a 0D dynamic model of a cylinder head temperature, comprehensive of dependencies on throttle position, angular speed, altitude and UAV advance speed, is realized. First the model parameters and functions are identified via a particle-swarm optimization algorithm by minimizing the mean square error between the model output and the experimental data, subsequently, the model is validated leveraging data coming from another flight mission. The results highlight that the proposed model, executable for real-time application, is quite accurate, presenting a mean error lower than 3% and peak error lower than 10%. Based on the experimentally validated model, it is developed a model-based algorithm able to predict temperature deviation of the engine with reference its nominal conditions.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes: Ester Formation and Mechanistic Studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An unexpected N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed esterification of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes including aromatic aldehydes with reactive cinnamyl bromides in the presence of air oxygen or MnO<sub>2</sub> as an oxidant is described. In the presence of oxygen, halogenated and electron-deficient aldehydes react smoothly to furnish esters in good yields. Great efforts have been made on mechanistic studies to deduce a plausible mechanism, based on the experimental results and isotopic labeling experiment.
Treatment of early Parkinson’s disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The early treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of nonpharmacologic treatment, consideration of neuroprotective therapy, and initial symptomatic treatment. Education for the patient and family, access to support groups, regular exercise, and good nutrition are essential to the overall management of PD. Disease-modifying therapies, such as agents that provide neurorescue or neuroprotection, will provide a major advance in the treatment of PD. Intervention at the genetic/environmental level or that affects the cascade of pathophysiologic events, protein aggregation, or apoptosis could result in neuroprotection. Many agents are now being investigated for neuroprotective potential. A major paradigm shift has recently occurred because of the recent basic and clinical data indicating that dopamine agonists, rather than levodopa, should be the initial symptomatic therapy in PD. However, levodopa may be started first in some patients because of patient age, cognitive status, or cost of drugs.
Evaluation of radioiodinated C6-O- and N-iodoallyl analogues of diprenorphine as ligands for cerebral opioid receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Analogues of diprenorphine (DPN) having C6-O-iodoallyl (O-IA-DPN) and N-iodoallyl (N-IA-DPN) substituents can be I-125 labeled in good yield with high specific activity by radioiododestannylation. When tested in vitro against [H-3]-DPN in rat brain membranes, the apparent affinity (Ki) of O-IA-DPN (1.35 nM) proved 17-fold stronger than that of N-IA-DPN (23.4 nM). Against selective [H-3]-ligands, O-IA-DPN showed high apparent affinities for {mu}(1.9 nM), {gamma}(1.1 nM) and {kappa}(0.9 nM) sites. Consistent with the low apparent affinity in vitro, [I-125]-N-IA- DPN did not allow localization of cerebral opioid receptors after i.v. administration to mice. By contrast, [I-125]-O-IA-DPN exhibited a regional brain distribution which reflects binding to multiple opioid receptors. The highest radioactivity concentrations were in superior colliculi, hypothalamus, olfactory tubercles, thalamus and striatum. Peak levels (2.5-3.5 %ID/g) were maintained over the first 60 min. At all times, the lowest levels of radioactivity were in the cerebellum. Binding in vivo was saturable by O-IA-DPN, was blocked by (-)- but not by (+)-naloxone, and was inhibited by naltrexone in dose-dependent fashion. Specific binding was 83-93% for all tissues except cerebellum, where 50% blockade was noted with naltrexone (5.0 mg/kg). Using naltrexone blockade to define non-specific binding, the highest ratio of specific to non-specific binding (>more » 14 to 1) was noted for superior colliculi at 60 min. Inhibition studies with drugs selective for {mu}, {gamma} or {kappa} sites established that multiple opioid receptors are labeled. [123I]-O-IA-DPN has been prepared (84%, >2400 mCi/{mu}mol), and allows visualization of opioid receptors in mouse brain by ex vivo autoradiography. Together, these results suggest that [123I]-O-IA-DPN is suitable for SPECT studies of multiple opioid receptors.« less
EFEKTIVITAS ANGKUR EPOKSI TERHADAP KEKANGAN EKSTERNAL BALOK BETON BERTULANG DENGAN PERKUATAN CFRP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (EB-CFRP) with U-wrap is one of the alternative external strengthening of modern reinforced concrete beams, which has been proven effective in significantly increasing flexural and deformation capacities. Although quite effective in increasing the structural capacity, external reinforcement needs to be studied further about its failure behavior, the avoided failure is called debonding, an interface bond failure between the FRP composite material and the concrete material. Epoxy has a fairly high material resistance, but its use as a reinforcing composite bonding material needs further investigation. Adding epoxy anchors at the ends of CFRP can mobilize the tensile strength in CFRP, eliminating or delaying debonding failure. Epoxy anchors (epoxy-filled grooves) are expected to be effective and flexible for application to various forms of components of reinforced concrete structures that have been reinforced with EB-CFRP. Currently, there are no standards and guidelines for applying FRP anchors. However, research has been conducted on the failure pattern of FRP anchors with U-style wrapping which can avoid debonding so that failure with FRP rupture can be achieved. This study examines the effectiveness of epoxy anchorage in improving the external strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with EB-CFRP reinforcement. The behavior of epoxy anchors in reinforced concrete beams with EB-CFRP will be investigated through experimental tests.
Additional file 2: Table S2. of Docosahexaenoic acid mechanisms of action on the bovine oocyte-cumulus complex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cumulus gene expression during maturation in absence or presence of DHA 1 μM. Relative expression is expressed relatively to the geometric mean of 3 housekeeping genes (RPL19, RPS9 and GAPDH) and presented as mean ± sem. (PDF 1677 kb)
Music as Biology: The Tones We Like and Why

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The universality of musical tones has long fascinated philosophers, scientists, musicians, and ordinary listeners. Why do human beings worldwide find some tone combinations consonant and others dissonant? Why do we make music using only a small number of scales out of the billions that are possible? Why do differently organized scales elicit different emotions? Why are there so few notes in scales? In Music as Biology, Dale Purves argues that biology offers answers to these and other questions on which conventional music theory is silent. When people and animals vocalize, they generate tonal sounds...periodic pressure changes at the ear which, when combined, can be heard as melodies and harmonies. Human beings have evolved a sense of tonality, Purves explains, because of the behavioral advantages that arise from recognizing and attending to human voices. The result is subjective responses to tone combinations that are best understood in terms of their contribution to biological success over evolutionary and individual history. Purves summarizes evidence that the intervals defining Western and other scales are those with the greatest collective similarity to the human voice; that major and minor scales are heard as happy or sad because they mimic the subdued and excited speech of these emotional states; and that the character of a culture's speech influences the tonal palette of its traditional music. Rethinking music theory in biological terms offers a new approach to centuries-long debates about the organization and impact of music....
The Mutual Fund Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over the last few decades, many asset management firms have experienced levels of decreasing or low profitability. Strategic decisions in asset management firms are thus being Increasingly confronted with the need to anticipate changes In the Industry structure and the dynamics of these changes to (re)position Itself along the four core criteria of success In that very Industry. These four key factors can be Illustrated by providing access to hard-to-get securities at a product level, In offering superior diversification potential and sufficient liquidity to customers when looking at portfolios, and fourth, In differentiating oneself at a firm level by means of lower transaction costs. One concept that allows these demands to be met by the general asset management Industry Is collective Investment schemes, such as mutual funds.KeywordsMutual FundManage Mutual FundMutual Fund IndustryBond High YieldMutual Fund MarketThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
New sensitive method for the detection of the A3243G mutation of human mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid in diabetes mellitus patients by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An adenine-to-guanine mutation at nucleotide position (np) 3243 in the mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene is closely associated with various clinical phenotypes of diabetes mellitus. Because the mutation creates a new restriction site for the restriction enzyme ApaI, the mutation is usually detected and quantified by ApaI cleavage of the PCR products including np 3243. The sensitivity of the conventional method is, however, 5–10% heteroplasmy. The percentage of heteroplasmy of the mutation is usually highest in the affected tissues and is much lower in peripheral blood cells, which are used most frequently for the analysis. The sensitivity of the conventional method, however, is not sufficient to detect the mutation from peripheral blood cells. Utilizing ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction, we have developed a feasible and sensitive method to detect 0.01% heteroplasmy of the 3243 mutation in peripheral leukocytes.
Angle Cover Class: A Variable Plot Technique for Estimating Shrub Quantities in Rangeland Areas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Woody species have a discontinuous influence on their immediate vicinity and beyond. Most sampling methods record mean values over the area being sampled, not accounting for information at the scale of pattern created by individual woody plants. This article outlines development and testing of a field technique to quickly assess woody plant influence at a single point or small herbaceous vegetation sample area. The angle cover class method (ACC) is plotless. At each sampling point, woody plants were judged within quadrants by species as nondominant (0), dominant (1), or highly dominant (2), resulting in total scores ranging from 0 to 8 per sample point. The communities sampled were dominated by mesquite alone or by mesquite and juniper trees together, ranging from low growing, sparsely populated forms to mixed species old growth. Total aerial cover ranged from 2 to 75%. Seven evaluators were used to test for repeatability between evaluators. The ACC method was highly correlated to woody plant quantities of line-intercept cover (r2 = 0.963), cover based on ellipse (r2 = 0.965), volume (r2 = 0.936), and estimated leaf weight (r2 = 0.986). Analysis of covariance indicated that ACC accounted for >90% of variation in line-intercept cover with sampling error accounting for approximately 6% of model r2. Approximately 4% of variation was ACC method error, primarily for woody plant types and species. Variation associated with evaluators was <1.3%. Generally, three conversion factors were required for evaluator ACC scores to accurately predict species woody plant cover over this wide range of woody plant types.
Future heat waves and surface ozone

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A global Earth system model is used to study the relationship between heat waves and surface ozone levels over land areas around the world that could experience either large decreases or little change in future ozone precursor emissions. The model is driven by emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone precursors from a medium-high emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0–RCP6.0) and is compared to an experiment with anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions fixed at 2005 levels. With ongoing increases in greenhouse gases and corresponding increases in average temperature in both experiments, heat waves are projected to become more intense over most global land areas (greater maximum temperatures during heat waves). However, surface ozone concentrations on future heat wave days decrease proportionately more than on non-heat wave days in areas where ozone precursors are prescribed to decrease in RCP6.0 (e.g. most of North America and Europe), while surface ozone concentrations in heat waves increase in areas where ozone precursors either increase or have little change (e.g. central Asia, the Mideast, northern Africa). In the stabilized ozone precursor experiment, surface ozone concentrations <em>increase</em> on future heat wave days compared to non-heat wave days in most regions except in areas where there is ozone suppression that contributes to decreases in ozone in future heat waves. This is likely associated with effects of changes in isoprene emissions at high temperatures (e.g. west coast and southeastern North America, eastern Europe).
Evaluation of social responsibility projects with organizational impact on business: A Brazilian case study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper was prepared in order to present social projects to be executed in a Brazilian organization. Such projects are socially responsible and were analyzed to determine which have had higher impact on business-related performance indicators, as well as the return that refers to the organization sustainability and increased competitive advantage. The study was conducted based on the causal loop diagram, as part of system dynamics studies. The team responsible for implementing the scheme held the relation of cause-effect relationship between performance indicators and indicators of social responsibility among the social projects and the indicators of social responsibility. Team members were chosen by the executive director and coordinator of social organization, which resulted in the selection of five staff, to verify the validity of the systematic selection of projects of social responsibility, which positively impacted the performance indicators for the organization. The results indicated that out of 25 projects examined, 16 are considered to be social responsibility projects. From these 16, five projects have greater impact on performance indicators related to business, return of sustainability, and increased competitive advantage. The application of the model made it possible to reveal the influence that social projects may have on indicators. Key words: Social responsibility, indicators, social projects, business, sustainability. INTRODUCTION The practice of social responsibility is considered to be part of organizations’ intangible assets (Cramer et al., 2004; Fuller and Tian, 2006; Whitehouse, 2006; Waddock, 2008; Heijden et al., 2010; Shyh-Rong et al., 2010). For this nature, consistent, but extremely quantitative results are yet difficult to come by, especially in the analysis of the relationship of its impact upon performance indicators. This is due to the fact that such results are not directly measurable among the set of
Three Dimensions of Business Intelligence Systems Use Behavior

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) use context, the well-researched dimension of intensity of use is not broad enough to capture its meaningful use. The authors therefore investigate the whole spectrum of its use that encompasses effective utilization. The post-adoption research of Information System (IS) use is still under-researched; the study therefore brings novel insights to this area. The authors have conceptualized three dimensions of BIS use that capture the intensity of BIS use, the extent of BIS use, and BIS embeddedness. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to determine convergent and discriminant validities proving construct validities, based on survey data gathered from BIS users in medium and large sized organizations. The results of our study provide sound evidence for apprehending these three constructs as different conceptualizations. This work adds to the literature by emphasizing the role of post-adoptive behavior that can lead to greater and effective utilization in the studied BIS environment, and potentially to a better organizational performance.