jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What does Brexit Mean for the UK's Climate Change Act?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the potential implications of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (so‐called ‘Brexit’) for the success and survival of the country's flagship climate policy, the Climate Change Act 2008. The impact of a ‘soft’ and a ‘hard’ Brexit for the main features of the Climate Change Act are assessed, building on documentary evidence and elite interviews with key policy‐makers and policy‐shapers. The article argues that the long‐term viability of the Climate Change Act was being threatened even before the EU referendum, and that Brexit will do little to improve this situation. Even though the existence of the Climate Change Act is not under immediate threat, a range of issues presented by Brexit risk undermining its successful implementation.
The transcranial radiograph. The diagnostic difference between 'corrected' vs 'uncorrected' films.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This article explains the advantages and limitations of the transcranial radiograph. The use of the Submental Vertex Radiograph to obtain the proper angulation of the central ray of the x-ray beam is covered in a step by step manner. It goes on to explain the difference between "Corrected" and "Uncorrected" films. It is the author's hope that this article will help improve the practitioners in-office radiographic technique through the use of the TCD and corrected transcranials, thus improving the diagnostic information he obtains. This will lead to more appropriate therapy for the orthopedic/orthodontic and the Temporomandibular Dysfunction patient.
The role of prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) expression in follicular thyroid carcinoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) transcription factor is a key player during embryogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Altered Prox1 expression has been found in a variety of human cancers, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Interestingly, Prox1 may exert tumor suppressive or tumor promoting effect, depending on the tissue context. In this study, we have analyzed Prox1 expression in normal and malignant human thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, we determined the effect of Prox1 silencing and overexpression on the cellular processes associated with the metastatic potential of tumor cells: proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and anchorage-independent growth, in the follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) FTC-133 cell line. We found that Prox1 expression was significantly higher in FTC-derived cells than in PTC-derived cells and normal thyroid, and it was associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the FTC-133 cells, it was associated with cell invasive potential, motility and wound closure capacities, but not with proliferation or apoptosis. Modifying Prox1 expression also induced substantial changes in the cytoskeleton structure and cell morphology. In conclusion, we have shown that Prox1 plays an important role in the development of FTC and that its suppression prevents, whereas its overexpression promotes, the malignant behavior of thyroid follicular cancer cells.
The Transformation of an Existing Integrated Behavioral Health Primary Care Program for Adolescents and Young Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Behavioral and mental health (BMH) concerns are commonly identified within the pediatric primary care setting. In recent years the increasing acuity of BMH needs identified within the pediatric primary care setting has led to numerous efforts to develop effective and sustainable prevention-focused integrated behavioral health (IBH) programs; however, these programs typically emphasize prevention and early intervention for young children. Although integrated models of care targeting specific BMH concerns exist, these models typically do not account for the unique needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and do not include BMH prevention. This article describes the core components that were identified and subsequently utilized to guide the adaptation of an existing prevention-focused IBH primary care program for AYAs. Adaptation of the existing IBH program resulted in an expansion of prevention-focused services across the BMH continuum of care. Specifically, primary, secondary, and tertiary-level prevention services were identified as clinically necessary to meet the vast array of BMH needs among AYAs within the primary care setting.
Evaluation of Computer Adaptive Testing Systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many educational organizations are trying to reduce the cost of the exams, the workload and delay of scoring, and the human errors. Also, they try to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the testing. Recently, most examination organizations use computer adaptive testing (CAT) as the method for large scale testing. This article investigates the current state of CAT systems and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. It evaluates 10 CAT systems using an evaluation framework of 15 domains categorized into three dimensions: educational, technical, and economical. The results show that the majority of the CAT systems give priority to security, reliability, and maintainability. However, they do not offer to the examinee any advanced support and functionalities. Also, the feedback to the examinee is limited and the presentation of the items is poor. Recommendations are made in order to enhance the overall quality of a CAT system. For example, alternative multimedia items should be available so that the examinee would choose a preferred media type. Feedback could be improved by providing more information to the examinee or providing information anytime the examinee wished. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
The Role of BiP Nucleotide Exchange Factor Sil1 in Immunoglobulin Biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BiP is an essential endoplasmic reticulum resident molecular chaperone of the HSP70 family that binds exposed hydrophobic regions of unfolded proteins.Substrates bound by BiP are protected from dangerous non-specific interaction with other unfolded proteins via their aggregation prone exposed hydrophobic regions, which are normally buried in the native state, and act as BiP binding targets.For these substrates to mature into the native state, BiP must be released.Like all HSP70 family members, cycles of BiP binding and release are nucleotide dependent and facilitated by two genres of cochaperones, HSP40s, and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).HSP40s function in stimulating the hydrolysis of ATP, which causes a conformational change that induces tight binding of BiP to substrate, whereas, NEFs stimulate the escape of ADP that allows BiP to release substrate so that it can progress toward its final native state.In 2002, we identified a mammalian BiP associated protein, Sil1, with nucleotide exchange activity.In 2005, Sil1 became the first molecular cochaperone known to cause disease upon discovery of mutations that lead to Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome (MSS), a debilitating recessive disease characterized by severe cerebellar atrophy and a wide range of systemic defects.Now, many Sil1 mutations in MSS are known to result in interrupted BiP binding or Sil1 instability.We have attained an animal model of MSS with a Sil1 mutation that results in loss of a major BiP interaction site.This model, known as the Woozy mouse due to its striking ataxic phenotype, closely phenocopies many aspects of human MSS yet has been the spotlight of very few studies.ELISAs ........
Arsenic pressure dependence of first-order phase transition on InAs (001) surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The role of As pressure in the first-order phase transition between As-covered (2×4) and In-covered (4×2) structures on InAs (001) surfaces is investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The dependence of transition temperatures on As pressure is well explained by Monte Carlo simulation with a two-dimensional lattice gas model, and the interaction energy is quantitatively obtained. The influence of metastability on As desorption is also clarified by comparing the experiments and simulations.
Gene expression profile analysis and identification of the effects triggered by essential sandalwood oil on human skin explants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sandalwood oil is an essential oil obtained from the tree wood of various species of Santalum spp by steam distillation, and has a history of medicinal use besides as a fragrance. However themechanisms involved in its activity are still unclear. In the present report, Sandalwood oil (S. album) was applied to living human skin explants to evaluate the sustained activity of the oil throughgene expression profiling. Transcriptomic analysis showed a number of metabolic pathways and biological activities triggered by treatments previously described for aloe, curcumin and luteolin. No inflammatory responses accompanied the beneficial activities. The most intriguing impact was the natural effect on the retinoic acid (vitamin A) metabolism.Furthermore, we found that mechanisms normally acting in more specialized cell types such as immune cells, adipocytes, nerve cells, or hair follicles were activated in human skin explants inresponse to sandalwood oil. Thus, the oil may have the potential of further beneficial activities such as its antibacterial activity among other protective mechanisms.These results corroborate at a molecular level the rationale for clinical studies with sandalwood oil and support recent studies of patients with eczema (atopic dermatitis) or acne, which is oftenaccompanied by bacterial growth on skin of Propionibacterium acnes.
Charged Termini on the Trp-Cage Roughen the Folding Energy Landscape B

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We study the energy landscape and thermodynamics of the zwitterionic variant of the widely studied TC5b Trp-cage protein using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the addition of two charge groups at the termini has dramatic consequences to the folding landscape. First, the addition of charged ends increases the equilibration time of the simulation by a factor of 2.5 over a variant with terminal capping. Second, we identify the formation of two long-lived metastable states not present in the capped ends variant structural ensemble. The population of these metastable states is higher at lower temperatures; furthermore, these states are determined to be low energy states, relative to the folded state. The first of the metastable states is a folding intermediate structure which is characterized by a non-native charge pair. The second is characterized by significant β sheet content. We show through potential of mean force (PMF) calculations that the PMF between two charge groups is a poor predictor of the prevalence of a particular ion pair in the unfolded structural ensemble. Finally, by analyzing the energy differences between the folded state, unfolded states, and the metastable states, we show that the stabilization of these metastable states is not only due to favorable Coulomb interactions but also due to strain in the dihedral angles. Our results show that, even for a simple protein, the folding landscape can be extremely complex and significantly altered by simple changes to the charge states of the sequence.
THE URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING PROJECT. PHASE I FINAL REPORT SERIES, VOLUME XI. FORECASTING TRAVEL DEMAND IN SMALL AREAS USING DISAGGREGATE BEHAVIORAL MODELS: A CASE STUDY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The patronage of a new transit system proposed for a suburban city in the San Francisco Bay area is predicted using disaggregate behavioral models of transportation choice. Features of the study include: (1) detailed transportation alternatives (the models that were used estimated the probabilities of choices among seven different travel modes); (2) calculation of time and cost data needed as inputs to the forecasting models with hand measurements of walk distances for each person in the sample, and descriptions of trips both inside and outside the local area; (3) a method based on iterative proportional fitting used to correct for unrepresentative sampling of the population of potential bus users; and (4) analyses conducted to test and compare the accuracy of the probabilities estimated by different behavioral models, using data available before the bus system was running. Results suggested that the behavioral models used can be feasibly applied to travel demand forecasting in small urban areas, but that additional development and testing of the models should be done before they are used as a basis for policy decisions.
A Facile Synthesis of Fragment D of Antibiotic, Nosiheptide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A facile synthesis of the N,O-diprotected fragment of D of Nosiheptide, 2-[(1’S,3’S)-1’-amino-3’-carboxy-3’-hydroxypropyl]thiazole-4-carboxylic acid, from (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxalane-4-acetaldehyde in 10 steps and 10.6% overall yield, is described.
MITOCHONDRIAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) IN NORTH AMERICA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nucleotide variation was assessed from the mitochondrial control region of North American moose (Alces alces) to test predictions of a model of range expansion by stepping-stone dispersal and to determine whether patterns of genetic variation support the current recognition of 4 subspecies. Haplotypes formed a star phylogeny indicative of a recent expansion of populations. Values of nucleotide and haplotype diversity were low continent-wide but were greatest in the central part of the continent and lowest in peripheral populations. Despite low mitochondrial diversity, moose exhibited a high degree of differentiation regionally, which was not explained by isolation by distance. Our data indicate a pattern of colonization consistent with a large central population that supplied founders to peripheral populations (other than Alaska), perhaps through rare, long-distance dispersal events (leptokurtic dispersal) rather than mass dispersal by a stepping-stone model. The colonization scenario does not account for the low haplotype diversity observed in Alaska, which may be derived from a postcolonization bottleneck. Establishment of peripheral populations by leptokurtic dispersal and subsequent local adaptation may have been sufficient for development of morphological differentiation among extant subspecies.
Supersymmetric hybrid inflation with a light scalar

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Light scalar fields present during inflation can lead to interesting observable signatures, especially in models with non-equilibrium reheating dynamics. We study a supersymmetric hybrid inflation model with a third scalar whose lightness is protected by symmetry, using analytical and numerical techniques, and demonstrate that the amplitude, the spectral index and the non-Gaussianity parameter fNL of the primordial curvature perturbation are within the Planck observational bounds for suitable parameter values.
Acaseofacutecompartmentsyndromeof thelegfollowingprolongedlithotomyposition duringurologicalsurgery ChetanPrakash,AbdullahABonajmah,AmroAhmed CASE REPORT OPEN ACCESS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ABSTRACT � Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an orthopedic emergency which if not recognized and treated in time can lead to serious irreversible damage to neuromuscular structures. Case Report: We are reporting here a case of acute compartment syndrome of the right leg in an adult male patient following a prolonged urological surgery of five hours in the lithotomy position. Post-operatively the patient's signs and symptoms were diagnosed early and an urgent fasciotomy was done which relieved him of his symptoms and averted major damage to his leg. Conclusion :�Acute compartment syndrome of the leg is a recognized but rare iatrogenic complication in many prolonged urological procedures due to lithotomy position used in them. Ifprolonged urological procedure is necessary patient should be monitored post operatively for early and prompt treatment of this complication. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is the main-stay of the treatment in cases of acute compartment syndrome following unavoidable prolonged urological procedures in lithotomy position. We recommend a written consent and
Fertility preservation in a family with a novel <i>NR5A1</i> mutation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The common phenotype of nuclear receptor superfamily 5, group A, member 1 (NR5A1) gene mutations in 46,XY is gonadal dysgenesis without adrenal deficiency. Though the phenotype of gonadal dysgenesis is variable, ranging from complete female to normal male genitalia, an asymptomatic 46,XY male is rare. Preserved fertility has so far been described in only three affected 46,XY males with different mutations, but no functional analysis of these mutations has been performed. Here, we report on male siblings with hypospadias and their asymptomatic father in whom we identified a heterozygous NR5A1 mutation of c.910G>A, p.E304K. Western blotting and subcellular localization revealed no significant difference between the wild type (WT) and E304K. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments showed that E304K abrogated DNA-binding ability. E304K reduced transactivation and had no dominant negative effect. In conclusion, we report on a novel hypomorphic NR5A1 mutation, which may be associated with the phenotype of the family.
Multiplying co-intensional properties: a reply to Streumer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bart Streumer employs a reductio ad absurdum to show that a hyperintensional conception of properties has a multiplication problem; roughly, this conception of properties leads to the absurd result that we can multiply distinct but co-intensional properties without end. In this paper, I will explain why Streumer’s reductio fails to convince.
Leading the Dance? Power and Political Resources of Business Lobbyists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Studies of lobbying try to determine the influence and power of non-governmental actors on public policy. Although influence is very difficult to measure empirically, many continue to push for better research design to solve the problem. Through case studies of business-government relations in the United States and the European Union, this article argues that the difficulties with power and influence concern not only their operationalisation, but they also reflect conceptual confusions. Trying to determine the ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of a policy issue can be misleading, since power also structures apparently harmonious exchange relationships. The perceived success of business lobbying in the cases studied depended on the governments' receptiveness to their demands, which in turn depended on strategic advantages they saw for themselves in international negotiations. Even when business appears to lead the dance, it is more promising to look at resource distribution and the interdependence of both sides, instead of assuming the domination of business power over policy outcomes.
Solo vs. Co: Under What Conditions Can Solo-Founded Ventures Perform as well as Co-Founded Ventures?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

While much has been written about the resource mobilization process of new ventures, surprisingly the literature does not distinguish between new ventures founded by a single founder and new ventures founded by co-founders. The literature that does exist suggests that solo-founded ventures should experience greater resource constraints than co-founded ventures and so exhibit lower performance. However, empirical research is silent on the conditions under which solo-founded ventures might perform as well or better than co-founded ventures. We address this gap by exploring the question of “under what conditions do solo-founded ventures perform as well as or better than co-founded ventures?” Using qualitative data on 59 entrepreneurial ventures, we find that solo founders can mobilize many of the same resources provided by co-founders, but through different means. More broadly, our findings unpack liabilities of newness and add fresh contributions to the fields of entrepreneurship, strategy and organization theory.
QAFE-Net: Quality Assessment of Facial Expressions with Landmark Heatmaps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facial expression recognition (FER) methods have made great inroads in categorising moods and feelings in humans. Beyond FER, pain estimation methods assess levels of intensity in pain expressions, however assessing the quality of all facial expressions is of critical value in health-related applications. In this work, we address the quality of five different facial expressions in patients affected by Parkinson's disease. We propose a novel landmark-guided approach, QAFE-Net, that combines temporal landmark heatmaps with RGB data to capture small facial muscle movements that are encoded and mapped to severity scores. The proposed approach is evaluated on a new Parkinson's Disease Facial Expression dataset (PFED5), as well as on the pain estimation benchmark, the UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Expression Archive Database. Our comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms SOTA action quality assessment works on PFED5 and achieves lower mean absolute error than the SOTA pain estimation methods on UNBC-McMaster. Our code and the new PFED5 dataset are available at https://github.com/shuchaoduan/QAFE-Net.
SERVICE EXCELLENCE COMPETENCE: ADDED VALUE OF BANKING VOCATIONAL STUDENTS TO FACE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The continuous positive development of sharia banking consequently demands need of human resources in the industry. This opens opportunity for students of vocational higher education especially in the finance and banking study program. However, the competition for work fields is also getting tighter. Some strategies are needed to develop the competence of students to make them ready to join the workforce and win the competition especially in facing ASEAN Economic Community. This paper explains about the excellent service competence that refers to the Indonesian National Working Competency Standard (SKKNI), which so become added value of Banking, that students are ready to work and are able to win the competition entering the sharia banking industry.
Supplementary Table 1 from Evaluating Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Xenografts as Preclinical Models by Comparison with Patient Clinical Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Genomic alterations in KRAS/BRAF/NRA S wild-type xenografts, according to their response to cetuximab. Tumors were considered to be amplified if the gene copy number was >3. Gene overexpression is defined by an expression superior to average in all PDX panel + 1 SD.</p>
France and NATO: Atlanticism as the pursuit of Europe by other means?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Following a 30 year boycott of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, France last year announced its intention to rejoin the North Atlantic Council and NATO's Military Committee Does this constitute a complete break with the old Gaullist doc‐trine of merely old policies in new guises adapted more out of necessity than real desire? Frédéric Charillon here explores the new French stance, envisaging three possible scenarion to explain the apparent change of hear. He concludes that the changes in train are not so much a result of domestic pressures or even developments within NATO but a realisation that France and her allies face a dramatically different international security scene in which Europe must adapt its political and military vision it is to match and capitalise on its economic influence.