jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of “Well Clear” to Small Drones

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Detect and avoid systems (DAA) play an important role in more and more areas of manned and unmanned aviation. Originally developed as an additional safety concept for manned aviation, today they represent a central concept of unmanned aviation, without which many deployment scenarios would not be conceivable. DAA systems perceive the environment using sensors such as lidar, radar or cooperative transponders to detect and avoid surrounding traffic. \nA core concept here is the notion of "Well Clear". Originally this described the intuitive awareness of the pilot of a safe, conflict-free situation. In the context of semi-automatic systems, however, this term had to be formalized, not least by the standardization of ACAS / TCAS. This resulted in several, partly mutually compatible definitions. \nWe present different approaches to the concept of "Well Clear", including RTCA DO-365 and latest U-space developments. Further, we apply the notion to application scenarios involving small drones, and discuss to what degree the definitions can be applied or have to be modified in order to grant both safety and effectiveness.
HIV as identity, experience or career

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Issues of treatment compliance and the relationship between treatments, optimism and sexual practice are best understood when living with HIV is conceptualized as a dynamic process requiring individuals to work on their subjectivity. In an interview study of 76 people living with HIV/AIDS in Australia, three 'modes of subjectification' were identified: HIV as identity, HIV as experience and HIV as career. The impact of treatments on individuals was mediated by the relationship of HIV to selfhood and to community, and took different forms under each mode of subjectification. HIV as identity was most characteristic of gay men and resulted in failures of compliance or of safe sex being felt as failures of the self. HIV as experience was particularly characteristic of women and heterosexual men and was associated with a less regimented view of treatment compliance and no association between treatments optimism and sexual practice. HIV as career, characteristic of both gay men and others, was associated with hyper-compliant treatment practice and context-dependent sexual practice.
An Intubated Patient with a Blue Tongue: Donâ€™t Forget Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia is a rare but lifethreatening condition. An 83-year-old female with history of congestive heart failure underwent a transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Benzocaine was applied orally prior in preparation for a trans-esophageal echocardiogram..
Near Infrared Spectra of the Outer Layer of Flour of Stored Milled Rice.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry was applied to measure stored milled rice by focusing on the outer layer flour. Rice grains milled 90% were stored at 37°C and 75% humidity for 0-45 days. NIR and chemical analyses were performed separately on the outer and inner layers and whole flours of the sample. The most sensitive variation during storage of the absorption intensity by NIR is found on the outer layer flour at the near-infrared region of 2300-2310 nm which corresponds to fats; the fat content of the outer layer extracted by ether was about 15 times that of the whole layer flour.
Acquired blue nevus of the nail bed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blue nevi are benign proliferations of melaninproducingdendritic melanocytes located in thedermis. These nevi tend to occur mostly on the skin,predominantly on the head and neck, dorsal aspectsof the distal extremities, and the sacral area, butcan also occasionally appear on mucosal surfaces.Blue nevi of the nail apparatus are uncommon. Themajority originate in the nail matrix where there is ahigher density of melanocytes. Herein we report ona 47-year-old man with a rare common blue nevus ofthe nail bed, an area with low melanocyte density. Athorough review of the English language literaturefound no documented cases of acquired blue nevioriginating in the nailbed of the toe.
Peculiarities of the Structure Analyses and Impurity Composition of HPHT- Diamonds at Laser-Induced Surface Transformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structure and impurity composition of the surface of multi-sector HPHT- diamond plates doped with nitrogen or boron were analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Changes in the plasma spectra in the process of laser-induced transformation of the test sample surface under the action of a series of laser pulses at one selected point were recorded. It was found that after such a laser action on the sample, a different degree of surface graphitization occurs, which depends on the degree of doping of diamond with nitrogen or boron and on the crystallographic orientation of the growth sectors. In this case, an increase in the sensitivity of the LIBS method is also observed. As a result of such a difference in the process of graphitization, it becomes possible to identify the boundaries of the sectoral structure of samples and atomic structures with different strengths of interatomic chemical bonds of carbon and hydrogen. A fast algorithm for spectra processing with their normalization after each laser pulse turned out to be effective in studying samples in real-time mode. Based on the results of the measurements, experimental dependences of impurity distributions in different sectors of multisector HPHT- diamond plates doped with nitrogen or boron were obtained. Moreover, the shape of dependences for various impurities obtained in the process of pulse-to-pulse laser-induced transformation of the HPHT- diamond surface can serve as a criterion for the degree of disorder in its structure
Cervical Spine Hemangiomas: Report of a Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A cervical spine hemangioma in a 32‐year‐old woman is reported. Because of herniation of the mass between the deep muscles of the posterior triangle, the clinical differential diagnosis was confusing. The lesion required a two‐stage procedure in conjunction with neurosurgical evaluation for total removal. The amount of bone destruction of the spine and exact location of the lesion are graphically displayed in a computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck. An arteriogram showing partial occlusion of the vertebral artery and a myelogram displaying extrinsic spinal cord compression, along with the CT scan, showed the full extent of the lesion.
A Software Strategy to Improve Cache Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In embedded systems, cost, power consumption, and die size requirements push the designer to use small and simple cache memories. Such caches can provide low performance because of limited memory capacity and inflexible placement policy. A way to increase the performance is to adapt the program layout to the cache structure. This strategy needs the solution of a N-P complete problem and a very long processing time. We propose a strategy to look for a near optimum program layout within a reasonable time by means of smart heuristics. This solution does not add code and uses standard functionality’s of a linker to produce the new layout. Our approach is able to reduce up to 70 % the misses in case of a 2-kbyte direct access cache.
Relationship Between Aquifer Pumping Response and Quality of Water Extracted from Wells in an Active Hydrothermal System: The Case of the Island of Ischia (Southern Italy)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The thermal waters of the Island of Ischia, an active volcano located in Southern Italy, are widely used for supplying numerous spas. Groundwater withdrawals occur mainly through wells in the coastal strip. This study explores the impact of withdrawals on the quality of the waters used in thermal facilities, which is required to be constant in terms of composition and temperature by law. For this purpose, specific investigations were conducted including 155 pumping tests, 124 water temperature measurements during pumping tests, 31 temperature and electrical conductivity logs and periodic chemical analysis of the waters of 21 selected wells. By comparing the response to pumping of the aquifer and the quality of the water extracted from the wells, it turned out that the quality of groundwater supplying spas depends not only on natural phenomena (meteoric recharge, seawater intrusion, and rising of deep hydrothermal fluids) but also relies on the island sector where groundwater is pumped and on the pumping method. The distance of the wells from the coast, the type of aquifer formation intersected by the wells, and the field of groundwater temperature of the hydrothermal system strongly affect the aquifer pumping response, determining the quality of water extracted from wells and its variation over time. In Ischia, techniques and regimes of groundwater withdrawals should adapt to the local aquifer pumping response, more than in another hydrogeological context. The concomitant analysis of drawdown, water temperature, and salinity during pumping turned out to be a valuable tool to define the sustainable yield of the single well.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinones. Part 17. The First Anthraquinone‐(2,9): 1,3,4,5,8‐Pentamethyl‐2,9‐dihydro‐2,9‐anthracenedione.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bullet Holes and Chemical Residues in Shooting Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN SHOOTING CASES Joseph T. Walkert Several new and important objectives are introduced when the medicolegal post-mortem examination of the victim of a gunshot injury is undertaken. In ordinary practice an autopsy is performed to secure information of medical or scientific interest. In medicolegal practice it is performed primarily to determine, for legal purposes, the cause of death. Although both of these objectives are important, many medical examiners and investigating officers are unfamiliar with certain potentially rich sources of information which are extremely useful in the investigation of the crime. To determine the cause of death is, of course, fundamental. But to determine, insofar as possible, the circumstances surrounding the fatal acts is often more useful in the administration of justice. Among others, answers to the following questions should be sought. Was the wound produced by a bullet? Could the injury have been self-inflicted? From what direction was the shot fired? How far was
Substance Use in a Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Patient Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Substance use and abuse have been documented as both a risk factor in and consequence of involvement in domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST). Domestic minor sex trafficking is defined as the commercial sexual exploitation of children in exchange for money, food, shelter, or any other valued entity. The current investigation sought to describe substance use in a cohort of DMST patients who present for medical evaluation. Findings revealed that 68 patients referred for DMST involvement reported high rates of alcohol/substance use and parental substance abuse. Further, many patients who had a urine toxicology screen had a positive result, most often identifying the presence of cannabinoids. Our data may inform the importance of comprehensive assessments and specialized interventions for substance abuse in this unique patient population.
Targeted DNA damage in specification and maintenance of CENP‐A at centromeres: is it required?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The essential, histone H3 variant CENP‐A is required for epigenetic specification of centromere identity through a loading mechanism independent of DNA sequence. We used short‐pulse green laser light and the enzyme I‐SceI in live human cells to demonstrate that CENP‐A is recruited to DNA 1 minute after damage, including double‐strand breaks.The centromere‐targeting domain of CENP‐A is both necessary for CENP‐A recruitment to sites of DNA damage, and sufficient to drive H3 recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Furthermore, three proteins associated with CENP‐A at centromeres (CENP‐N, CENP‐T, and CENP‐U) are also recruited to sites of DNA damage. CENP‐A accumulation at sites of DNA damage is enhanced by non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ), but NHEJ is not required for CENP‐A targeting. In human and Xenopus cells, nuclear uracil DNA N‐glycosylase (UNG2) localizes to centromeres, and UNG2 activity is required for CENP‐A targeting. Taken together, these observations suggest that DNA damage is sufficient to recruit site‐specific CENP‐A targeting in each cell division, independent of DNA sequence.
The potential in ‘not knowing’

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article aims to use two infant observations to show how the experience of ‘not knowing’ is a difficult one – to live through, to observe and to contain. These difficulties are exacerbated because anxieties in ‘not knowing’ can impede learning. The infant observations were conducted using the method outlined by Esther Bick and supervised by the Tavistock Clinic through group seminars. The discussion focuses on ‘not knowing’ and this theme weaves through the essay. The second set of themes are around ‘finding out’, especially learning from the experience of separations. This is made explicit by describing the infant's interaction with his surroundings, through his developing a symbolic ‘inner’, finding out about empty spaces and populating them. It also reflects on the capacities of the observer who is actively learning alongside the infants and mothers who are observed. Keywords: Early developmentlearningmotherhoodinfantobservationstruggle
Characterization of Three New Enterococcal Species, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E1, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT As a reference laboratory, the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is frequently asked to confirm the identity of unusual or difficult-to-identify catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci. In order to accomplish the precise identification of these microorganisms, we have systematically applied analysis of whole-cell protein profiles (WCPP) and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, in conjunction with conventional physiological tests. Using this approach, we recently focused on the characterization of three strains resembling the physiological groups I (strain SS-1730), II (strain SS-1729), and IV (strain SS-1728) of enterococcal species. Two strains were isolated from human blood, and one was isolated from human brain tissue. The results of physiological testing were not consistent enough to allow confident inclusion of the strains in any of the known enterococcal species. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in one of the strains (SS-1729). Analysis of WCPP showed unique profiles for each strain, which were not similar to the profiles of any previously described Enterococcus species. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing results revealed three new taxa within the genus Enterococcus . The results of DNA-DNA relatedness experiments were consistent with the results of WCPP analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing, since the percentages of homology with all 25 known species of Enterococcus were lower than 70%. Overall, the results indicate that these three strains constitute three new species of Enterococcus identified from human clinical sources, including one that harbors the vanA gene. The isolates were provisionally designated Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC Proposed New Species of Enterococcus 1 (CDC PNS-E1), type strain SS-1728 T (= ATCC BAA-780 T = CCUG 47860 T ); Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, type strain SS-1729 T (= ATCC BAA-781 T = CCUG 47861 T ); and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, type strain SS-1730 T (= ATCC BAA-782 T = CCUG 47862 T ).
Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: An Analysis of Recent Trends

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to explain the trends in the development and farm attributes of Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture (IAA) systems in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, a participatory community appraisal and two surveys are carried out in three districts with contrasting fish culture input systems. The first survey, undertaken in December 2002, covers 90 households; the second, held December 2004, covers 80 households. The factors driving changes in the farming systems are the introduction of modern rice varieties, the policy of economic liberalization, market demand, and natural disasters. The principal components of IAA systems in the Mekong Delta which the study examines are the land use intensity, market access, farm diversity, farm inputs, and household income. The study finds that the hard-to-change farm characteristics are the land use intensities of rice, orchard and cash crops. In contrast, the easy-to-change farm characteristics are the number of farm components, the land use intensity of fish ponds, on-farm family labor, off-farm and non-farm income, and farm inputs. The main drivers of the changes over the two years are market demand and a poultry disease outbreak (Avian Influenza). Well-off farmers with good farming practices and enough capital tend to intensify their farming practices, while the poorer farmers tend towards diversification in order to safeguard their livelihood and avoid risks.
CHALLENGE OF EDUCATORS IN TIMES OF REMOTE TEACHING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present work addresses the challenges faced by educators during the remote teaching period, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid transition from the face-to-face to the virtual environment has brought numerous difficulties for education professionals. First, we discuss technological adaptation, since many educators needed to acquire new skills and competencies to use online teaching platforms and digital tools. Lack of adequate training and familiarity with educational technologies were crucial issues in this shift. In addition, we address social and educational inequalities aggravated by remote teaching. The lack of access to the internet and adequate devices in underprivileged communities resulted in an imbalance in access to education, creating a worrying scenario for educational inclusion. Another relevant point was the challenge of student engagement. The presence of face-to-face interaction and the difficulties in establishing a meaningful connection with students in the virtual environment impacted motivation and interest in educational activities. The work also highlights the increased workload for educators. The transition to remote learning follows extreme dedication and a balance between work and personal life. The need to prepare classes adapted to the digital environment and constant communication with students and families created additional challenges.
The Oxidative Damage and in Rat Myocardial Cells Induced by Exhaustive Exercise and the Intervention of DPI and Glutaminate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To explore the pathways of reactive oxygen species(ROS)induced by exhaustive exercise that damage myocardial cell and to put anti-oxidant intervention into practice with the combination both the way of generating ROS and the nutrition.Methods:85 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups and established protocol of exhaustive exercise.The five groups is sedentary control group(C),exhaustive exercise group(E),exhaustive exercise and DPI intervention group(D),exhaustive exercise and glutamine intervention group(G),exhaustive exercise and the combination of DPI and glutamine intervention group(DG).The concentration ofmalondialdehyde(MDA),cardiac troponin T(cTnT),creatine isoenzyme(CK-MB)in rat blood plasma were determined at 36-40 hours after exhaustive exercise and 7 days recovery respectively.The expression of FAS /FASL of mRNA and the NADPH oxidase subunit gp91-phox p22-phox of mRNA in cardiac myocyte were detected with real-time quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with control group C,the concentration of MDA,cTnI,CK-MB in E group were increased significantly after 7 days recovery were decreased significantly and the concentration in group D and group G also increased no significantly and in DG group did not change.The expression of the FAS /FASL,gp91-phox,p22-Phox of mRNA also showed the same results as the plasma index in all groups at 36h after exercise.Conclusion:The exhaustive training can cause excessive oxidative damage in the heart muscle.The one pathway of ROS generated by NADPH oxidase is the one reasons of the peroxide injury of myocardial cell.So the combination intervention with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and glutamine supplement can protect the oxidative injury in myocardial cell induced by exhaustive exercise effectively.
Recognition of Messenger RNA in Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Equilibrium studies of the interaction between messenger RNA and the rabbit reticulocyte initiation factor that binds methionyl‐tRNA f , eIF‐2, were performed, using filtration through nitrocellulose membranes to measure complex formation. The formation of complexes between the initiation factor and messenger RNA is shown to be consistent with a simple, bimolecular equilibrium. Binding of native, translatable 125 I‐labeled globin messenger RNA to the factor is tight, with an apparent dissociation constant of approximately 5 × 10 −10 M at physiological salt concentration. This binding does not involve the poly(A) sequence at the 3′ end of globin messenger RNA, nor the 90‐nucleotide sequence adjacent to it, for poly(A)‐free derivatives of globin messenger RNA prepared by controlled, processive phosphorolysis bind the initiation factor with an affinity essentially equal to that of native globin messenger RNA. In contrast to other cases of protein‐nucleic‐acid interaction, binding of initiation factor eIF‐2 to messenger RNA is as tight at 0.15 M KCI as it is at 0.01 M KCI and is consistent with a preference for the RNA conformation existing at physiological salt concentration. 32 P‐labeled bacteriophage R17 RNA, a messenger RNA that can be translated, although at relatively low efficiency, in a mammalian cell‐free system, also forms an equimolar complex with eIF‐2, but binds 10 to 15‐fold less tightly than globin messenger RNA. These results show that the eukaryotic initiation factor that binds methionyl‐tRNA f recognizes a sequence in globin messenger RNA that does not include the poly(A) moiety or most of the untranslated sequence at the 3′ end of the molecule. The data suggest a relationship between the affinity of a given messenger RNA species for initiation factor eIF‐2 and its efficiency as a template in protein synthesis.
High tibial osteotomy for arthritis of the knee. A method specially suitable for the elderly.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. High tibial osteotomy-above the tibial tubercle-gives good results in elderly patients disabled by arthritis of the knee. 2. A technique of operation is described in which fixation is secured by four pins gripped in compression clamps. 3. No other fixation is needed, and knee movements and walking are encouraged within a few days of operation. 4. The early results warrant further trial of the method.