jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contextualization of the Concept of Fraud Victimization for the Crime of Fraud in Trade Activities Indonesia – China (Victimization Study from the Perspective of Indonesian Exporters)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine fraud cases in Indonesia-China trade relations from the point of view of the Indonesian exporters as victims. Empirically and theoretically, the research focuses on gaps in trade relations that trigger the victimization of Indonesian exporters and seeks to uncover economic, political, legal, and cultural asymmetries in accordance with the stages and typology of fraud victimization initiated by Michael Levi (2009). This study contextualizes fraud victimization on the phenomenon of criminogenic asymmetries in Indonesia-China trade relations. The study uses a qualitative approach with an explanatory method, while the data analysis uses a triangulation technique. The results of the study reveal several essential things. First, the victimization cases of Indonesian exporters occur because of the existence of non-legal route options in trade with China that puts the exporters in the category of diffuse victimization. This option is available because it is a rational choice of cost-effective, duty-free, and with no licensing. It is even more dramatic when the government and law enforcement commit victim blaming, then see cases of default as negligence, not fraud. Second, there is a lack of coordination between international trade stakeholders in Indonesia, creating difficulties in assisting entrepreneurs’ processes, especially if the exporters become victims of fraud. Third, the role of groups of perpetrators of organized fraud exists by using the guise of business in Indonesia-China trade relations. Fourth, the fraud victimization experienced by Indonesian exporters is inseparable from the existence of asymmetric criminogenic factors, namely the legal system, technology, knowledge, and culture between the two countries. Fifth, there are empirical and theoretical differences and gaps related to the contextualization of Levi's concept of fraud victimization when placed within the framework of criminogenic asymmetries in the Indonesia-China trade case. This gap is due to the occurence of three export routes that significantly affect the concept of victimization typology.
Arousal-Based Sympathy Expression Model for Educational Support Robot

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an arousal-based sympathy expression model for educational support robots which provide learner-robot one-to-one learning to empathize with the learner. In the conventional sympathy expression model, when the learner gives a correct (or incorrect) answer continuously, the same emotion is repeatedly expressed, that is the emotion expression becomes uniform. In the proposed model, various emotions are expressed by giving priority to arousal in emotion selection. In the experiment, we compare a robot that expresses emotions at random, a robot with the conventional model, and a robot with the proposed model.
HIP/PAP protects against bleomycin‐induced lung injury and inflammation and subsequent fibrosis in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hepatocarcinoma‐intestine‐pancreas/pancreatitis‐associated protein (HIP/PAP), a C‐type lectin, exerts anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, bactericidal, anti‐apoptotic, and mitogenic functions in several cell types and tissues. In this study, we explored the role of HIP/PAP in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Expression of HIP/PAP and its murine counterpart, Reg3B, was markedly increased in fibrotic human and mouse lung tissues. Adenovirus‐mediated HIP/PAP expression markedly alleviated bleomycin (BLM)‐induced lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. Adenovirus‐mediated HIP/PAP expression alleviated oxidative injury and lessened the decrease in pulmonary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in BLM‐treated mice, increased pulmonary SOD expression in normal mice, and HIP/PAP upregulated SOD expression in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and human lung fibroblasts (HLF‐1). Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that HIP/PAP suppressed the growth of HLF‐1 and ameliorated the H 2 O 2 ‐induced apoptosis of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549 and HPAEpiC) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC). In HLF‐1, A549, HPAEpiC, and HPMVEC cells, HIP/PAP did not affect the basal levels, but alleviated the TGF‐β1‐induced down‐regulation of the epithelial/endothelial markers E‐cadherin and vE‐cadherin and the over‐expression of mesenchymal markers, such as α‐SMA and vimentin. In conclusion, HIP/PAP was found to serve as a potent protective factor in lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative injury, promoting the regeneration of alveolar epithelial cells, and antagonizing the pro‐fibrotic actions of the TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Charge distribution into illuminated dye-doped surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cell

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface stabilized (anti) ferroelectric liquid crystal cells can be used as an optically addressed media for optical data processing. The structure of the cell has to contain a photo sensible agent, i.e., an absorbing dye-doped orienting layer. The all-optical generation of the diffractive grating can be done due to the switching parameters of the smectic slab within cells with a sensitive layer. This Letter considers a study of the optically induced charge generation into the dye-doped layer, and the explanation of the phenomena of the selective molecular director reorientation, while cell driving what leads to the induction of phase grating.
“We were all commanded out of the chamber” (5.2.5–6): Privacy and Architecture inThe Winter’s Tale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Relying on architectural imagery and turning a private matter into public concern, The Winter's Tale echoes many early modern anxieties about privacy. Constantly questioning what is seen, heard and said, it finally leaves many of its secrets untold and appears to be built around a blank. It creates an intricate relation between architectural space, presence and absence as fictional domestic space and actual theatrical space interact in a complex public/private dialectic.
Her2V655 genotype and breast cancer progression in Korean women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The amplification and overexpression of Her2 proto‐oncogene have been found to be associated with the development and progression of human breast cancer. A polymorphic valine allele at codon 655 of the Her2 gene ( Her2 V655 ) was suggested by some authors to be a susceptible genetic factor for the development of breast cancer. The Her2 polymorphism at codon 655 was investigated in 304 Korean women including 177 patients with breast cancer. The association between Her2 genotype and Her2 protein overexpression was also examined in breast cancers by immunohistochemistry. Her2 V655 was not associated with a significant breast cancer risk (odds ratio (OR), 1.792; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.459–6.991). The frequency of homozygous or heterozygous valine allele increased in stage 2 patients (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.67–4.19), and patients in stages 3 and 4 (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.85–13.42) compared to patients in stage 0. However, an association between the presence of the valine allele and the overexpression of Her2 protein could not be demonstrated. These results suggest that Her2 polymorphism at codon 655 is not associated with the development of breast cancer in Korean women. However, there is a possibility that the valine allele at codon 655 might be related to increased risk of breast cancer progression.
Structural–visual approach for dental examination in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Conducting Dental examination in children with autism is challenging due to the limitation in cooperativeness that is caused by impairment of communication, social interaction, and sensory sensitivities. Aims This study aims to provide evidence base for the structural–visual approach in reducing uncooperativeness behavior to dental care in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane from inception to October 2021 (CRD42022383409). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐RCTs, and pre/post‐test and qualitative studies that conducting visual pedagogy and visual learning methods were included. The quality of evidence was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs, Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies—of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) for non‐RCTs, and Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) for qualitative studies. Results The initial search identified 270 studies, and 256 remained after removing duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 62 studies were remained for full‐text assessed, and finally 13 eligible studies were selected for reviews. The studies analyzed various structural–visual interventions, participants, study design, countries, and outcomes. Conclusion The structural–visual approach could reduce uncooperative behavior in children with ASD. Future study should investigate the wide range of age and varied behavior approach as the evidence‐based of the clinical management.
Spinoza: a theory of man. A materialist anthropology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Translation by Pedro H. G. Muniz Spinoza bases his ethical and political theories on a geometric study of human affects. The root of these affects is the effort of each one to persevere in its being, rationally or not. The effects of this passional production are complicated by the spontaneous imitation of the affects of others and by the opacity of each individual to himself. The power of these individuals is translated, on a personal level, by a singular becoming; on the political level, by a permanent natural right which remains in fact a passionate right and makes sometimes each one a potential enemy of the State.
Integrated DNA methylation analysis identifies topographical and tumoral biomarkers in pilocytic astrocytomas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common glioma in pediatric patients and occurs in different locations. Chromosomal alterations are mostly located at chromosome 7q34 comprising the BRAF oncogene with consequent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Although genetic and epigenetic alterations characterizing PA from different localizations have been reported, the role of epigenetic alterations in PA development is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether distinctive methylation patterns may define biologically relevant groups of PAs. Integrated DNA methylation analysis was performed on 20 PAs and 4 normal brain samples by Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChips. We identified distinct methylation profiles characterizing PAs from different locations (infratentorial vs supratentorial) and tumors with onset before and after 3 years of age. These results suggest that PA may be related to the specific brain site where the tumor arises from region-specific cells of origin. We identified and validated in silico the methylation alterations of some CpG islands. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression levels of selected differentially methylated genes and identified two biomarkers, one, IRX2, related to the tumor localization and the other, TOX2, as tumoral biomarker.
Reliability characteristics of metal/ferroelectric-HfO2/IGZO/metal capacitor for non-volatile memory application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A metal/ferroelectric (FE)-HfO 2 /IGZO/metal capacitor was fabricated and investigated for 3D high-density memory application. The sharp interface is obtained without atomic interdiffusion. The capacitor shows ferroelectricity with a IGZO capping layer. The endurance and retention measurement show that the capacitor has up to 10 8 program/erase endurance cycles and a 10 year retention, respectively. The capacitor does not show the wake-up effect, which is beneficial for circuit design and manufacturing. The asymmetric imprint effect is attributed to the different band modulation in the accumulation and depletion states of IGZO.
A Formal Contract Language for Plugin-based Software Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Plugin-based application design has become increasingly popular in recent years, and has contributed to the success of a range of very different applications including Mozilla Firefox and the Eclipse development environment. Using plugins is a promising approach to build complex systems that have to be reconfigured at runtime, and several plugin based general purpose runtime environments are currently under development. Plugin-based design is based on the idea that plugins provide additional functionality extending the capabilities of a core product. While this is often understood as providing services by implementing abstract classes or interfaces defined in the core product, modern plugin-based systems like Eclipse use a much wider definition of service. We propose to consider these services as typed resources and introduce a contract language that can be used to define contracts between plugins providing and consuming services. This language is based on the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) that has a well-defined syntax and semantics. These contracts can then be used in order to validate complex, plugin-based applications.
Pseudooutbreak of Cedecea lapagei bacteremia in emergency room

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cedecea lapagei is a very rare pathogen for human infection. There was only one report of prior isolation of C. lapagei from blood. We experienced a pesudooutbreak of C. lapagei bacteremia in emergency room (ER). We described the outbreak and outbreak investigation, along with performing genetic analysis of the isolated bacteria. Methods: From September 28 to November 5, 2009, 19 blood samples, which were collected from 11 patients in ER, were positive for C. lapagei. The 19 isolates showed similar antibiogram. The isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We performed case-control study to identify risk factors of the outbreak. Environmental surveillance culture was performed to determine the source of the outbreak. Results: The case patients had been diagnosed with various different types of diseases at the time of the admission to ER. There was no influence in the clinical course of the patients even though proper antibiotics were not administered for C. lapagei. The PFGE results showed an indistinguishable pattern. In the results of case-control study, the case patients were older than the control patients (51.27 ± 23.31 years vs. 27.22 ± 28.54 years, P = o.oo7). The case patients had more drugs injected intravenously during staying in the ER than control patients (1.64 ± 1.57 vs. 0.38 ± 0.81, p < 0.001). The blood sampling of the case patients were performed by seven different interns. There were no significant differences in sex, chronic underlying diseases, use of a nebulizer, O2 supply, wound dressing, total parenteral nutrition, urinary catheter, central catheter, nasogastric tube, length of stay in ER before performing blood culture, and the area of the patients' staying in the ER. Among 73 environmental samples, there was no sample positive for C. lapagei. After the outbreak, the infection control unit instituted infection control measures including aseptic techniques, and no more outbreak of C. lapagei has been documented for one month in the ER. Conclusion: We suggested that multiple manipulations such as intravenous injection might be a risk factor of a pseudooutbreak and aseptic technique should be emphasized for preventing contamination. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive
The Two Spanish Subjunctives: The Required and Default Subjunctives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Standard Spanish grammar states that desideratives (querer que), directives (aconsejar que), purpose clauses (para que), causatives (hacer que), emotive-factives (alegrarse de que), negated epistemics (no creer que), dubitatives (dudar que), and modals (ser posible que) embed subjunctive complement clauses. However, in spite of these classifications, some predicates exhibit a certain degree of mood variation. For instance, emotive-factives can take indicative complements (Crespo del Río 2014; Faulkner 2021a). Similar variability between the moods may also come about in negated epistemic (Bolinger 1991), dubitative (Blake 1981), and modal clauses (Deshors and Waltermire 2019). I propose that such variation stems from the Spanish mood system involving a split between two types of subjunctives - one that is required in preference-based contexts, and another that is default and can be replaced by the indicative. I argue that, whereas preference-based expressions (desideratives, directives, purpose clauses, causatives) are inflexibly subjunctive, emotive-factives and verbs of uncertainty (negated epistemics, dubitatives, modals) may accept indicative if the speaker intends to add the affirmative or negated proposition to the common ground; i.e., if the speaker intends to assert the complement in question. I close these arguments by stating that assertion with the indicative is most likely to occur if the proposition (affirmative or negated) is informative (new or unknown to the addressee, important, contrastive, and/or highly probable).
Effect of minocycline on neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of minocycline on the neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods 30 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham,control,minocycline preconditioning,30 min,4 hour groups(n=6).Middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats was established with the suture method.Minocycline on the neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was detected with immunohistochemistry,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Hoechst stain and T2WI.Results Lots of caspase-3 protein positive cells were seen in the area adjacent to ischemia and the expression of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme(ICE) was increased significantly in control group.Apoptotic cells were increased significantly in control group.There were large abnormal signal areas in control group when cerebral ischemic areas were visualized with T2-weighted.The relative infarction volumes was decreased,the expressions of the ICE and caspase-3 also were decreased in minocycline preconditioning,30 min and 4 hour groups.In those groups minocycline was treated at 12 h before ischemia and 30 min,4 h after the onset of ischemia,the rate of apoptotic cells was significant lower than that of control group.Conclusions Minocycline could ameliorate the neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
Long‐term monitoring of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) populations under increasing temperatures and predator abundances in the Finnish coastal waters of the Baltic Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Baltic Sea has been under intense environmental changes in the recent decades, such as climate change, eutrophication and increasing abundance of top‐predators, which pose serious challenges to its aquatic life. For informed conservation measures and sustainable yields, we need to understand how the populations are being affected. Accordingly, we used long‐term data series (covering the period between 1980 and 2021) to assess how these changes have affected populations of an ecologically and economically important predatory fish, the pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca ), in the coastal waters of Finland in the northern Baltic Sea. We investigated the estimates of abundance and recruitment, commercial and recreational catch statistics and growth and mortality rates. We found a clear increase in the total catches in the northernmost part of the Finnish coast (Bothnian Bay) that were not explained by changes in fishing effort, indicating increased abundance, most likely due to higher water temperature. In the southern part of the study area (Archipelago Sea), density‐dependent factors prevented the development of particularly strong year classes, despite the beneficial conditions of warming seawater and consecutive warm summers. Individual growth has increased in younger age groups, contributing to an upward trend in the spawning population biomass. We also uncovered a declining trend in the total mortality in the southern area, despite increased abundances of cormorants and seals, explained by reduced total fishing mortality. These results show that the pikeperch is one of the species that has, thus far, benefited from the environmental change in the northern Baltic Sea, strengthening its role in the ecosystem.
COVID-19, a tale of two pandemics: novel coronavirus and fake news messaging

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary The emergence of COVID-19, caused by novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, became a pandemic in just 10 weeks. Without effective medications or vaccines available, authorities turned toward mitigation measures such as use of face masks, school’s closings, shelter-in-place, telework and social distancing. People found refuge on the internet and social media apps; however, there was a proliferation of instant messaging containing hoaxed, deliberate misleading information: fake news messaging (FNM). The aim of this study was to assess FNM through content analysis and to discriminate them in a proposed taxonomy structure. A sample of convenience of messages, memes, tweets or cartoons in several languages was selected from the most popular social media outlets, i.e. Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter etc. More than 300 FNM were identified. Descriptive statistics were used for highlighting potential relationships between variables. Content analysis determined that FNM could be divided into Health- and non-health-related types. There are several sub-types considering, but not limited to, religious beliefs, politics, economy, nutrition, behaviors, prevention of the infection, the origin of the disease and conspiracy theories. The parallel FNM pandemic affected the response from an already debilitated public health system through the confusion created in the community and the erosion in the credibility of genuine media. Public health practitioners had to face people’s unpredictable behaviors, panic, tensions with the communities and, in some cases, a hostile climate toward frontline workers. Public health practitioners must adjust ongoing and future health promotion and education interventions including plans to neutralize fake news messages.