jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Classification of text documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate four different classification methods for document classification: the naive Bayes classifier, nearest neighbor classifier, decision tree classifier, and subspace method. The classifiers were applied to seven-class Yahoo newsgroups individually and in combination. We study three classifier combination approaches: simple voting, dynamic classifier selection, and adaptive classifier combination. Our experimental results indicate that the naive Bayes classifier and the subspace method outperform the other two classification methods on our data sets. Combinations of multiple classifiers did not always improve classification accuracy. Among the three different combination approaches, the adaptive classifier combination method proposed here performed the best.
Introduction to 1-summability and resurgence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This text is about the mathematical use of certain divergent power series. The first part is an introduction to 1-summability. The definitions rely on the formal Borel transform and the Laplace transform along an arbitrary direction of the complex plane. Given an arc of directions, if a power series is 1-summable in that arc, then one can attach to it a Borel-Laplace sum, i.e. a holomorphic function defined in a large enough sector and asymptotic to that power series in Gevrey sense. The second part is an introduction to Ecalle's resurgence theory. A power series is said to be resurgent when its Borel transform is convergent and has good analytic continuation properties: there may be singularities but they must be isolated. The analysis of these singularities, through the so-called alien calculus, allows one to compare the various Borel-Laplace sums attached to the same resurgent 1-summable series.In the context of analytic difference-or-differential equations, this sheds light on the Stokes phenomenon. A few elementary or classical examples are given a thorough treatment (the Euler series, the Stirling series, a less known example by Poincaré). Special attention is devoted to non-linear operations: 1-summable series as well as resurgent series are shown to form algebras which are stable by composition. As an application, the resurgent approach to the classification of tangent-to-identity germs of holomorphic diffeomorphisms in the simplest case is included. An example of a class of non-linear differential equations giving rise to resurgent solutions is also presented. The exposition is as self-contained as can be, requiring only some familiarity with holomorphic functions of one complex variable.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome with Nutcracker Syndrome in a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ìì¥ê°ë§ëë§¥ ì¦íêµ°ì ìí ë³µë¶í½ë§, ì¤ì¬, êµ¬í ë±ì ìë³µë¶ íìì¦ìì í¸ìíë©° ë³µë¶ì´ìí, ë³µë¶ ì ì°íë¨ì¸µì´¬ìë±ì¼ë¡ ì§ë¨í ì ìë¤. ëë¶ë¶ì ë³´ì¡´ì  ì¹ë£ë¡ í¸ì ëë©° ê°í¹ ìì ì´ íìí ê²½ì°ë ìë¤. ìíì± ê¶¤ìì´ ííê² í©ë³ë ì ìê³ ì·ì¥ì¼, ëì¬ì± ìì¹¼ë¦¬íì¦, ì ì¹¼ë¥¨íì¦, ìë ì¦ ë±ì í©ë³ì¦ë ë³´ê³ ë ë° ìì¼ë, ë³¸ ì ìë¤ì ê²½ì°ì ê°ì´ ëí¬ëì»¤ ì¦íêµ°ì´ ëë°ë ê²½ì°ë ìì§ êµ­ë´ ë° ì¸êµ­ì ë¬¸íì ë³´ê³ ë ë° ìë¤. ì ìë¤ì ìµê·¼ ì 1í ë¹ë¨ë³ íìê° ë´ì 3ì£¼ ì ë¶í° 5 kgì ê¸ê²©í ì²´ì¤ê°ì ë¤ì êµ¬í ë° ì¢ì¸¡ ìêµ¬ë¦¬ íµì¦, êµ¬í ë±ì¼ë¡ ë´ìíì¬ ì´ì ìì ìê²¬ ë° ë°©ì¬ì ìê²¬ì íµí´ ëí¬ëì»¤ ì¦íêµ°ì´ ëë°ë ìì¥ê°ë§ëë§¥ ì¦íêµ°ì ì§ë¨íìê³ ì´ë¥¼ ë´ê³¼ì  ì¹ë£ë¡ í¸ì ìí¨ 1ìë¥¼ ê²½ííìê¸°ì ë¬¸íê³ ì°°ê³¼ í¨ê» ë³´ê³ íë ë°ì´ë¤. ì¤ì¬ ë¨ì´: ìì¥ê°ë§ëë§¥ ì¦íêµ°; ëí¬ëì»¤ ì¦íêµ°; ë¹ë¨
UV-C side-emitting optical fiber-based disinfection: a promising approach for infection control in tight channels

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The growth of pathogenic bacteria in moist and wet surfaces and tubing of medically relevant devices results in serious infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we investigated and demonstrated the successful implementation of a UV-C side-emitting optical fiber in disinfecting medically relevant pathogenic bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) within tight channels of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE is a commonly used material both in point-of-use (POU) water treatment technologies and medical devices (dental unit water line [DUWL], endoscope). For a 1-m-long PTFE channel, up to ≥6 log inactivation was achieved using a 1-m-long UV side-emitting optical fiber (SEOF) with continuous 16-h exposure of low UV-C radiation ranging from ~0.23 to ~29.30 μW/cm 2 . Furthermore, a linear model was used to calculate the inhibition zone constant (k`), which enables us to establish a correlation between UV dosage and the extent of inactivated surface area (cm 2 ) for surface-bound Escherichia coli on a nutrient-rich medium. The k` value for an irradiance ranging from ~150 to ~271.50 μW/cm 2 was calculated to be 0.564 ± 0.6 cm·cm 2 /mJ. This study demonstrated the efficacy of SEOFs for disinfection of medically relevant microorganisms present in medically and domestically relevant tight channels. The impact of the results in this study extends to the optimization of operational efficiency in pre-existing UV surface disinfection setups that currently operate at UV dosages exceeding the optimal levels. IMPORTANCE Germicidal UV radiation has gained global recognition for its effectiveness in water and surface disinfection. Recently, various works have illustrated the benefit of using UV-C side-emitting optical fibers (SEOFs) for the disinfection of tight polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) channels. This study now demonstrates its impact for disinfection of medically relevant organisms and introduces critical design calculations needed for its implementation. The flexible geometry and controlled emission of light in these UV-SEOFs make them ideal for light distribution in tight channels. Moreover, the results presented in this manuscript provide a novel framework that can be employed in various applications, addressing microbial contamination and the disinfection of tight channels.
Isolated postaxial polydactyly: Epidemiologic characteristics from a multicenter birth defects study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Isolated postaxial polydactyly (I‐PAP), as a single defect, is a frequent malformation, characterized by an extra digit placed on the ulnar or fibular side of the limbs. Worldwide prevalence varies from as high as 225/10,000 in Nigerians to so low as 6.08/10,000 in Argentinians. Genetic–ethnic background significantly affects worldwide prevalence and type of I‐PAP. Herein we describe the epidemiological characteristics of I‐PAP in 697 newborns, 383 males and 314 females identified in 1,178,993 examined live births from a multicenter case–control hospital‐based population study, the Mexican program of Registry and Epidemiological Surveillance of Congenital Malformations (RYVEMCE). The main characteristics analyzed included total I‐PAP, stratified in Types A and B, defined as complete or incomplete extra‐digit formation, respectively, sex prevalence, affected limb, laterality, parity, prematurity, delivery‐type, twinning, consanguinity, and parental age. Males (6.35/10,000) are significantly more frequently affected than females (5.45/10,000), hands more than feet, left more than right limbs, and Type B (74.50%) more than A (25.50%). Prematurity and forceps use were significantly more frequent in cases than controls. An evident decreasing time‐trend prevalence was present. Similar findings with other studies were males, upper and left limbs more frequently affected. Findings that were not previously reported include prematurity, forceps use, a significant decreasing time trend and an inverse ethnic prevalence for Types A (75%) and B (25%) in the Mayan population in contrast to other worldwide ethnic groups.
Dehydrogenative Silylation - Marie Curie SILYCAT

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The datasheet contains spectroscopic data (1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, infra-red and high-resolution mass spectrometry) of compounds prepared for the following publication : S. Pramanik, A. Fernandes, V. Liautard, M. Pucheault, F. Robert, Y. Landais, Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 728-732. DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803989 A copy of the paper is available in open access at https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ : 〈hal-02012175, v1〉
BP1, a Homeodomain-Containing Isoform of DLX4, Represses the β-Globin Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In earlier studies we identified a putative repressor of the human beta-globin gene, termed beta protein 1 (BP1), which binds to two silencer DNA sequences upstream of the adult human beta-globin gene and to a negative control region upstream of the adult delta-globin gene. Further studies demonstrated an inverse correlation between the binding affinity of the BP1 protein for the distal beta-globin silencer sequence and the severity of sickle cell anemia, suggesting a possible role for BP1 in determining the production of hemoglobin S. We have now cloned a cDNA expressing the BP1 protein. Sequencing revealed that BP1 is a member of the homeobox gene family and belongs to the subfamily called Distal-less (DLX), genes important in early development. Further analysis showed that BP1 is an isoform of DLX4. BP1 protein has repressor function towards the beta-globin promoter, acting through the two beta-globin DNA silencers, demonstrated in transient transfection assays. Strong BP1 expression is restricted to placenta and kidney tissue, with no expression in 48 other human tissues. BP1 exhibits regulated expression in the human erythroid cell line MB-02, where its expression decreases upon induction of the beta-globin gene. BP1 is thus the first member of the DLX family with known DNA binding sites and a function in globin gene regulation.
Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives : The objective of this study is to develop a Japanese version of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) in Chinese, which is comprised of 60 items with 9 sub-scales, and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods : We conducted a survey of 130 participants in the Toyama area of Japan from Dec. 2005, to Feb. 2006. A test-retest method was used. Feasibility was evaluated by the response times to the questionnaire, and the response rates of the CCMQ items. Internal consistency within the sub-scales was assessed by Cronbach's α coefficient. Reproducibility was confirmed between the first and second occasions using weighted kappa and Spearman correlation. Lastly, criterion validity was evaluated by correlation between CCMQ and SF-36 sub-scales. Results : Response time was 8 minutes on average and its rate was nearly 100%. Internal consistency was achieved for each of the 9 sub-scales with a 0.65 to 0.79 α coefficient. Reproducibility ranged from 0.41 to 0.81 for the items, and from 0.79 to 0.88 for the sub-scales. Regarding the criterion validity, the "Gentleness type" sub-scale was positively correlated with SF-36 (0.46, P<0.001), while other 8 pathological constitutional types of the CCMQ were negatively correlated with SF-36 (-0.35 to -0.50, P<0.001) as expected. Conclusions : We developed a Japanese version of the CCMQ and found acceptable levels of reliability and validity using a survey of 130 subjects in Japan. This suggests that the CCMQ could be a useful tool in comparing the constitution profiles between Chinese and Japanese.
A realization of real filters using complex resonators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis of real filters using the complex coefficient filters is considered interesting in digital signal processing, since one can expect that the freedom in the design will be increased and the coefficient sensitivity will be decreased. In analog signal processing, on the other hand, there are few reports on the design of the filter from a similar viewpoint. This paper discusses the complex coefficient filter on the analog domain, which is obtained by shifting the frequency response of the lower‐order real filter on the frequency axis, together with its application to synthesize real filters. First, the complex analog transfer function is introduced, which is obtained by shifting the frequency response of the real filter on the frequency axis. The elements for the complex analog signal processing are defined. Then, using those elements, the complex resonator is proposed. The proposed circuit can be considered as a special class of the biquad circuit, where the complex conjugate poles of the second‐order section are specified. As a result of sensitivity analysis, the proposed circuit is shown to have the same or lower sensitivity as that of the biquad circuit. Another feature is that the circuit can be realized using the lossy integrators and can be used as the functional unit in the active filter to be operated at higher frequencies. Design examples using the operational amplifier and their experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Increased susceptibility of mice obtained fromin vitrofertilization to global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: possible role of hydrogen sulphide and its biosynthetic enzymes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Aim of the Study: This study was designed to explore the relative susceptibility of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-conceived mice to global cerebral ischemic injury with the possible role of hydrogen sulphide and enzymes responsible for its production.Materials and Methods: IVF was carried to obtain pups, which were allowed to grow to the age of eight weeks. Thereafter, male mice were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The mice obtained from other groups including normal mating, superovulation but normal mating and normal mating but embryo implantation were also subjected to global ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.Results: IVF-derived mice exhibited significant more injury in response to I/R injury in comparison to other groups assessed in terms of impairment in locomotor activity, development of motor in coordination, neurological severity score, cerebral infarction and apoptosis markers (caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, there was a relative decrease in the brain levels of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and its biosynthetic enzymes viz. cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase. Interestingly, the levels of H2S and cystathionine-γ-lyase were significantly low in IVF-derived mice in basal conditions also, i.e. before subjecting to I/R injury and these biochemical alterations were associated with the behavioural deficits in mice, even before subjecting to I/R injury.Conclusion: It is concluded that in vitro fertilization-derived mice are more susceptible to global cerebral I/R injury, which may be possibly due to decreased levels of hydrogen sulphide and its biosynthetic enzymes viz., cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase.
Bilateral aggravation of CEAP score associated with obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kontext: Chronické žilní onemocnění je časté postižení vyvolávající pocit nepohodlí s negativními dopady na kvalitu života; obezita je spojena s omezenou mobilitou kloubů a zhoršením chronického žilního onemocnění. Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo zhodnotit zhoršování skóre CEAP pro obě dolní končetiny se zvyšující se hodnotou indexu tělesné hmotnosti (body mass index, BMI). Metoda: Na Belczakově klinice v brazilském městě Maringá bylo vyšetřeno 45 pacientů s křečovými žilami na dolních končetinách a s BMI > 40 kg/m2. Pacienti s klinickou diagnózou křečových žil a BMI > 40 kg/m2 byli rozděleni do tří skupin: skupina I - BMI > 50 kg/m2; skupina II - BMI 45-50 kg/m2; a skupina III - BMI 40-45 kg/m2. Po zařazení do studie byli vyšetřeni pacienti s varixy na obou dolních končetinách ve stupni ≥ C3 klasifikace CEAP. Výsledky: Fisherův exaktní test prokázal výraznější otoky na obou dolních končetinách ve skupině I vs. skupina II (p = 0,04), Pacienti ve skupině I měli výraznější otoky na obou končetinách než pacienti ve skupině III (p = 0,0001) a skupina II vykazovala výraznější otoky bilaterálně než skupina III (p = 0,001). Závěr: Tato studie prokázala, že u pacientů s chronickým žilním onemocněním je obezita spojena s tvorbou otoků na obou dolních končetinách.
Caste Differences in Intelligence, Education and Earnings in India and Nepal: A Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Caste differences in intelligence, education and earnings in India and Nepal are reviewed. The highest caste, Brahmin, had higher intelligence estimated at 4.7 IQ points, as well as higher education and earnings when compared with the lowest castes, known as Dalits, Sudas, or Scheduled Castes.
Mouth cancer for clinicians part 8: referral

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. Clinical Relevance: This article offers the dental team an overview of referral procedures; oral diagnosis is not always simple and a second opinion can be valuable to all concerned in cases of doubt.
The long run relationship between interest rates and inflation in Iran: Revisiting Fisher’s hypothesis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the relationship between interest rates and inflation by using the Johansen’s co-integration approach and then vector error correction model (VECM) approach. It should be noted that this relation has been known as Fisher effect in long run term, so we used the theory of Fisher for theoretical basis. The hypothesis, proposed by Fisher (1930), which states that the nominal rate of interest should reflect movements in the rate of inflation has been the subject of much empirical research in many industrialized countries. The existence of a long run relationship between interest rate and inflation was tested by Johansen’s co-integration test. The result shows that there is one co-integration relation, so there is one co-integration equation too. To estimate the adjustment coefficients, we used VECM. Consequently, the results show that there is a long run relationship between these variables in Iran. Also, the results show that the long run relationship between the weighted average of interest rate is weak, while the long run relationship between rental rates of housing and inflation is strong.

Key words: Fisher effect, Interest rate, inflation, vector error correction mechanism.
[A case report of gastric carcinoma with complete remission of paraaortic lymph node metastasis by 5'-DFUR and MMC administration after resection of primary tumor].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 53-year-old man was referred to our hospital with Borrmann type 2 advanced gastric cancer with a Virchow's node metastasis. A CT scan revealed a paraaortic lymph node metastasis. Because the tumor was diagnosed as being a poor candidate for curative resection, only a total gastrectomy was done. After surgery, administration of 5'-DFUR and MMC was begun. As a result, the paraaortic lymph node metastasis disappeared and the Virchow's node metastasis was reduced. The patient is well with no sign of recurrence 20 months after the operation.
Extraparotid Warthin's tumour: usual tumour adjacent to usual site

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lateral neck swelling is a common presentation in ORL practice. The complexity of the neck structures warrants a thorough examination and investigation to narrow down the differential diagnosis. Neoplasm need to be ruled out especially if the neck swelling present in an adult. We report a case of a lateral neck mass being treated as lymphadenopathy before the patient defaulted follow up. The patient represented after 3 years and investigations performed. FNAC revealed sialadenosis but radiologically and intra-operatively consistently showed the mass located outside parotid gland. The final diagnosis of Whartin's confirmed after the HPE evaluation. The diagnosis dilemma is discussed. Keywords: Lateral neck selling; warthin's tumour; extra parotid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9506 BJMS 2011; 10(4): 296-298
Evaluation of Indonesian Food Politics and Fiscal Politics Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Indonesian Constitution mandates the government to keep the food sovereignty in terms of availability, affordability, and the fulfillment of adequate food consumption with safety, quality, and nutritionally balanced. In food politics, the government has a number of policies and programs to achieve food self-sufficiency such as the provision of agricultural land, fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, irrigation, farmers' education, and financing supports. In terms of fiscal policy, the government annually allocates funds to support food self-sufficiency programs. Unfortunetaly, Indonesia still in the stage of below achieving a food self-sufficiency; the government still imports some strategic foodstuffs such as rice, corn, soybeans, sugar, and meat. Low production of foodstuffs bring about a decrease in agricultural sector contribution to GDP. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of government policy on food and fiscal policy support. Using secondary data, the study tries to describe using the approach of 'The Context, Links, and Evidence Framework". The study concludes that although the government has a strong commitment to have food sovereignty, but still difficult to achieve food selfsufficiency and food security. Therefore the authors recommend a policy package which includes nine priority programs to be considered by the government.