jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory effect of paeoniflorin on the release of noradrenaline from ileal synaptosomes of guinea-pig in-vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of paeoniflorin (an active principle of Paeoniae Radix, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine) on the release of noradrenaline (norepineprhine) from nerve terminals was investigated using guinea-pig isolated ileal synaptosomes. Release was determined as the amount of noradrenaline, quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection, from samples incubated with paeoniflorin or vehicle. Paeoniflorin stimulated the release of noradrenaline in a concentration-dependent manner without an effect on the level of lactate dehydrogenase in the bathing medium. Tetrodotoxin abolished the action of paeoniflorin at concentrations sufficient to block sodium channels. The depolarizing effect of paeoniflorin on the membrane potential was also illustrated by a concentration-dependent increase in the fluorescence of bisoxonol. Moreover, the effect of paeoniflorin on bisoxonol fluorescence in ileal synaptosomes seems more potent than that of 4-aminopyridine. That paeoniflorin causes influx of calcium ions via the depolarization of nerve terminals could be considered. The noradrenaline-releasing action of paeoniflorin was abolished by removal of calcium chloride from the bathing medium. This action of paeoniflorin was also attenuated by Rp-cAMP at concentrations sufficient to inhibit the action of cyclic AMP. Therefore, paeoniflorin could induce a calcium-dependent and cyclic-AMP-related release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve terminals of guinea-pig ileum. Guanethidine inhibited the noradrenaline-releasing action of paeoniflorin in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of paeoniflorin on the increase of bisoxonol fluorescence was not modified by atropine. Release of noradrenaline by paeoniflorin from noradrenergic nerve terminals was characterized. These findings suggest that paeoniflorin can stimulate tetrodotoxin-sensitive depolarization of membranes to result in a calcium-dependent and cyclic-AMP-related release of noradrenaline from noradrenergic nerve terminals.
Knowing how to keep accurate records

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The previous chapters in this book have been written to support your role, providing you with new information about your role and building a picture of what we consider is good support worker practice. This and subsequent chapters deal with more pragmatic issues in your practice, things that you can do to ensure that your client gets the best care and support and you feel rewarded by the work that you do. This chapter is written specifically to remind you about your duty to record, write, maintain and keep safe your client records. Although there is a clear requirement in law for you to do so (see Chapter 4), there are other aspects of record keeping that are good practice, such as communicating with colleagues or providing a written narrative history about a person being cared for.
Performance Evaluation for WiFi DCF Networks from Theory to Testbed

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) is a basic MAC protocol used in the world-wide WiFi networks and plays a key role in determining the network performance, especially in situations with a large number of users and high-density Access Point (AP) deployed. To achieve a better understanding of the real-world performance of 802.11 DCF networks, we have constructed an emulation platform and a prototype testbed for performance evaluation. The design and implementation of these two platforms are discussed in this paper. The key DCF parameters, i.e., the initial contention window size ($CW_{min}$) and the maximum contention window size ($CW_{max}$), are tuneable so that we are able to study the impact of these DCF parameters on the network performance. These experiment results are compared against with a recently proposed unified analytical framework to examine the model assumptions and system performance bottlenecks. Our results demonstrate that by adapting the values of $CW_{min}$ based on WiFi traffic load, the maximal network throughput can be achieved, and the optimal value of $CW_{min}$ varies when the network size changes. As a reality check, the emerging software defined WiFi network architecture can be optimized for performance enhancement guided by this unified performance model.
A real-time device-free localization system using correlated RSS measurements

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Device-free localization (DFL) with wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an emerging technology for target localization, which has received much attention in the area of Internet of Things. Received signal strength (RSS) measurements are the key to realize DFL and mainly affects the localization performance. Most existing approaches need to measure the RSS of all the wireless links in WSN, which take much time on measurement process and localization algorithm due to the large amounts of RSS data, thus they are inefficient, especially in the case of target tracking. In this paper, by making full use of the consecutiveness of motion, we present an efficient measurement strategy based on a small set of correlated wireless links. Furthermore, a lightweight compressed maximum matching select (CMMS) algorithm is proposed to localize target, which only needs a small-scale matrix-vector product operating for one estimation. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the number of RSS measurements and improve the real-time capability of the DFL system. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the context of target localization and tracking.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) promotes glioma development and progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is associated with progression and poor survival in many types of human cancer (such as prostate, ovarian, adrenocortical, breast, colorectal carcinomas, leukemia, and high-grade gliomas). We therefore hypothesize that IGFBP2 is a key regulator of tumor progression. We tested our hypothesis in gliomas using the somatic gene transfer RCAS-tva mouse model system, which permits the introduction of specific genes into specific, cell lineages, in this case glial cells (RCAS: Replication competent avian sarcomavirus, tv-a: avian RCAS virus receptor). Mice are transgenic and harbor the tv-a receptor under the control of a glial-specific promoter and study genes are cloned into the RCAS vector for post-natal intracranial delivery. For these experiments, the study genes were IGFBP2, platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), K-Ras, Akt, and IIp45 (invasion inhibitory protein 45 kDa; known to bind and block IGFBP2 activity), which were delivered separately and in combination. Our results show that PDGFB signaling leads exclusively to the formation of low-grade (WHO grade II) oligodendrogliomas. PDGFB delivered in combination with IGFBP2 results in the formation of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade III), which are characterized by increased cellularity, vascular proliferation, small regions of necrosis, increased mitotic activity, and increased activation of the Akt pathway. IIp45 injected in combination with PDGFB and IGFBP2 ablates IGFBP2-induced tumor progression, which results in formation of low-grade oligodendrogliomas, and an overall reduction in tumor incidence. K-Ras expression was required to form astrocytomas with either IGFBP2 or Akt, indicating the activation of two separate pathways is necessary for gliomagenesis. In ex vivo experiments, blockade of Akt by an inhibitor led to decreased viability of cells co-expressing IGFBP2 versus PDGFB expression alone. This study provides definitive evidence, for the first time, that: (1) IGFBP2 plays a role in activation of the Akt pathway, (2) IGFBP2 collaborates with K-Ras or PDGFB in the development and progression of two major types of glioma, and (3) IGFBP2-induced tumor progression can be ablated by IIp45 or by specific inhibition of the Akt pathway.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE IN DIAGNOSIS, SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND COMPLICATIONS OF HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of haemorrhagic ascites on prognosis of patients with advance cirrhosis, this study was further aimed to assess the relationship between haemorrhagic ascites and advance cirrhosis and its effect on prognosis. Methods: Eight hundred and thirty-eight patients having liver cirrhosis with ascites were analyzed retrospectively (over three years) while segregated into two groups haemorrhagic and non haemorrhagic ascites. Patient outcome variables were identified among both groups and independent predictors for survival were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates determined survival rate comparison between groups. Results: Haemorrhagic ascites was detected in (26.6%) patients. Spontaneous haemorrhagic ascites (79%) was the main cause of haemorrhagic ascites followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (14%) and iatrogenic (7.6%).Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and acute kidney injury were statistically significant (p= 0.0001, 0.0001) among groups. Overall mortality at year three was higher (83%) in haemorrhagic ascites group. Survival among both groups (haemorrhagic versus non haemorrhagic) at one month, one year and three year was found to be significant (p= 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000). Conclusion: Haemorrhagic ascites impact overall survival with more mortality in comparison to non haemorrhagic ascites. Haemorrhagic ascites was an independent predictor of survival. Haemorrhagic ascites is possibly considered another predictor of survival among advance cirrhosis.
A Reflection on Interactional Feedback by Students of Sanata Dharma University

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interactional feedback as a means of helping second language (L2) learners to focus on form has received increased attention recently in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). Moreover, feedback is also considered as an effective way to help the students improve their ability in learning L2. Subsequently, as teachers encourage use of the target language in their classrooms, they must consider how to provide feedback to their students concerning the accuracy of their utterances. This paper attempts to reveal the answers for the research question which is “what does interactional feedback mean to the students?” There are two participants who were willing to share their lived experiences. The data are in a form of texts and gathered from an in-depth interview in which the data are then extracted to be the themes for the discussion. For the themes, there are two major themes appear in the study namely motivation and self-improvement. Motivation was the first theme that appeared from the study. The comments and feedback could motivate the participants to perform better in their next speaking practices. Additionally, motivation indeed becomes one of the positive effects which could make the participants feel motivated in improving their speaking ability through the feedback from their lecturers. Self-improvement became the second major theme from the study. Self-improvement was derived from the participants’ consciousness when they encountered the mistakes that they often committed when speaking. Contextually, the interactional feedback that the participants gained from the lecturer made the participants aware of the mistake that they had committed. Therefore, after gaining the feedbacks from their teacher, they are triggered to improve their performance in the next speaking assignments.
Tratamiento prostésico de un caso de displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Anodontia is an entity associated to diferent kind 01syndromes. This article reports the treatment using complete dentures.of a six years child who doesn 'tha ve neither deciduous orpermanent dentition, beca use 01an Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. Variations to theconventional technique lorcomplete dentures ha ve been introduced, someol them reported in the litereture, and othersuch a resultoleither personal and other investigators ,research.
DE FACTO PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION AND MNC LOCATION CHOICES.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article discusses research into the influence of property rights on the location choices of multinational corporations. Laws relating to private property are analyzed in light of the enforcement capabilities of the host government. Issues of lax intellectual property law enforcement and the strictness of regulations effecting foreign direct investment are considered. The weakness of institutions in developing countries are considered as an influence governing corporate investment. The enforcement abilities of governments, as determined by low levels of corruption and effective regulation of business, are said to be determining factors in corporate investment.
The chromatic number of heptagraphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A pentagraph is a graph without cycles of length 3 or 4 and without induced cycles of odd length at least 7, and a heptagraph is one without cycles of length less than 7 and without induced cycles of odd length at least 9. Chudnovsky and Seymour proved that every pentagraph is 3‐colorable. In this paper, we show that every heptagraph is 3‐colorable.
Depression may be another risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: Your doctor can help

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

### Depression and AD

Both depression and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common in the elderly. Both need early diagnosis because both are best treated in early stages. AD is a disease that slowly attacks the brain. It causes problems with thinking and especially memory. Changes in personality and mood, including depression, are common in people with AD. More information about AD can be found on the next page.

Depression is a medical illness that is often overlooked but is very treatable. Symptoms may include changes in eating and/or sleeping patterns, feeling tired, losing interest in doing things, feeling sad, or having difficulty concentrating. Risk factors include a family history of depression, stressful life events, and lack of social support. The elderly are particularly prone to depression due to significant losses. These may include declining health, death of family members and friends, retirement, and loss of independence.

Are the symptoms of depression and AD linked? A recent study suggests that depressive symptoms may in fact be a risk factor for AD. In this issue of Neurology , Wilson and colleagues (Wilson RS, Barnes LL, Mendes de Leon CF, et al. Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons. Neurology 2002;59) present results of their study. More than 650 elderly (65 years or older) Catholic clergy members without clinical signs of AD took part in the study. The number of depressive symptoms at the start of the study was tested with a 10-item questionnaire. Memory, concentration, vocabulary, and other thinking processes were also tested. Over the following 7 years, people in the study had yearly clinical examinations to see if they were developing AD. …
Abandoning Risky Agriculture and Leveraging Natural Capital: A County-Level Method for Identifying Conservation Opportunity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Marginal land now devoted to growing harvested crops may be better suited to other land uses such as biodiversity enhancement and carbon sequestration. However, farmers are not encouraged to explore the development of these opportunities due largely to subsidized federal crop insurance (FCI). This study examined FCI outcomes from 2013 to 2017 in 69 Coastal Plain counties of North Carolina and South Carolina. The loss ratio (total crop indemnities paid/total insurance premiums paid) was used to identify 21 counties with high-risk agriculture. Then an index of conservation opportunity was calculated for each county using the loss ratio, insurance subsidy, and an estimate of natural capital (i.e., renewable or nonrenewable natural resources that can provide benefits to humans). Where marginal farmland is surrounded by forest and natural capital is high, the index will identify counties currently supported by FCI that more quickly and completely incorporate the full range of ecological dynamics and biological diversity when farming is abandoned. The top 10 counties for conservation opportunity, with the exceptions of Scotland County, North Carolina, and Marion County, South Carolina, were located in the outer Coastal Plain or coastal zone where natural capital is high. Transitioning land use from harvested crops to biodiversity enhancement or carbon sequestration will require bold changes in agricultural policies and subsidies so that income streams to farmers are maintained while novel ecological targets are met.
Commentary: Vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with great interest the article by Kumar et al. that reported clinical features and surgical outcomes of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in young adults with type 1 diabetes (TDM).[1] They reported a modest improvement in visual acuity following vitrectomy in their series. This is especially concerning for India as we have the largest number of TDM patients globally, with an incidence of 15,900 new cases per annum and 95,600 patients living with TDM, all of who will potentially develop PDR during their lifetime.[2] The incidence of diabetic retinopathy among TDM patients ranges from 40% to 50% after 10 years. Poor glycemic control is the strongest risk factor for progression of retinopathy, with intensive treatment of diabetes resulting in a significant reduction in the need for vitrectomy and superior outcomes in those that do require vitrectomy.[3] There are salient differences in risk factors, severity, and outcomes of vitrectomy for PDR between TDM and those with type 2 diabetes. We wish to highlight some of them here: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the need for renal dialysis are higher in TDM patients, with the current study also eluding to this fact. Renal compromise in TDM patients requiring vitrectomy leads to a higher risk of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, delayed wound healing, and an increase in mortality. While the 5-year survival of patients undergoing vitrectomy for PDR is approximately 70%, mortality is significantly higher in patients undergoing renal dialysis and having raised serum creatinine, underscoring the importance of screening and appropriately managing renal disease in young TDM patients with coexistent PDR.[45] The eyes of patients with TDM suffer a greater ischemic insult compared to type 2 diabetics, leading to rapid progression of PDR that requires vitrectomy. Absence of posterior vitreous detachment, broad-based attachments of fibrovascular proliferation, and presence of clear crystalline lenses in these younger patients make vitreous surgery more challenging than in older diabetics. Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, cataract, and neovascular glaucoma are more commonly seen following vitrectomy for PDR in TDM patients compared to those with type 2 diabetes. Prompt vitrectomy is thus recommended for vitreous hemorrhage in TDM patients as it leads to better visual outcomes.[46] The use of endotamponade in all cases of PDR following vitrectomy is questionable. Tao et al.[7] and Balakrishnan et al.[8] demonstrated that in the absence of preoperative or intraoperative retinal breaks, silicone oil or gas tamponade is not beneficial for diabetic vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. Incidence of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following vitrectomy were not lowered with the use of tamponade agents in the absence of retinal breaks.
GLOBAL STABILITP OF PARAMETER-AMPTIVE CONTROL SYS-

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper mes tw relatively uncomplicated algoritm for adaptively controlling a Single-inPuf, sbgle-output process admitting a continuous-time linear model with unLno~ parameters. It is shown that each algorithm is capable of causing a closed-loop process output to approach and track a suitably defined reference signal while at the same time providing global system stability.
Estimates of population size and growth from the 1952–54 and 1961 censuses of the Kingdom of Nepal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Census of Nepal conducted in 1961 conforms to the generally accepted requirements for a national census. Some doubt could be raised about the previous census as part of the country was enumerated in 1952 and part in 1954. More serious doubts still could be entertained about earlier censuses, including their very existence, though there are persistent rumours that they were carried out every ten years or so since about the middle of the previous century. We have only been able to lay our hands on some data in respect of four earlier censuses: those of 1911, 1920, 1930 and 1941. Little more is available than population totals for some of the component areas from these four censuses, and even then the boundaries and coverage of the component parts are uncertain.
Group advises what specialised services should be commissioned nationally

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recommendations on what health services should be commissioned nationally from next April have been put forward by clinical specialists.1

The Department of Health said it will consider the list and publish a final set of regulations on what services the NHS Commissioning Board should be responsible for later in the year.

As part of the NHS changes included in the Health and Social Care Act GPs take responsibility for commissioning most patient services through clinical commissioning consortiums from April 2013.

At the same time the job of commissioning specialised services …
The new drugs of 2012 in PubChem

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It was gratifying to see the previous Drug-class-of-2011-in-pubchem post garnered 412 hits.&nbsp; For this annual update I have made a few changes to make it a bit quicker to compile the post.&nbsp; As ever, the pundits have made their pronouncements, varying between glass half-empty and half-full interpretations of two big years in a row.&nbsp; For a detailed technical breakdown the informative ChEMBL 2012 drug listings are recommended.