jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SIGACT news complexity theory column 36

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This current issue's guest column is by Bill Gasarch, and reports on a poll he has conducted on the most famous open question in complexity theory: P=?NP. If Mitsunori Ogihara's prediction that P-vs-NP will not be resolved until the year 3000 is correct, my guess is more than a few students of the history of computer theory will be visiting, long after all the contributors are gone, Bill's column, which will provide a time capsule into the thoughts of many in the field. Who knows? Perhaps there will even be Ph.D. theses devoted to figuring out who these people all are, and just who the (as the students will know from their history of science books) then-Turing/Fields/Nobellaureate Bill Gasarch was making an exception of when he wrote below, "Almost all respondents are people whose opinions can be taken seriously," and great debates may rage over whether he actually meant, by "almost all," "all but a (large) constant number." In light of the fascinating opinions, though, I suspect that but little evidence will be found for that view---even by Ken Regan's Vegans. Surely some M.S. thesis will be written claiming that it was this column---and in particular the superfluous disjunct in Donald Knuth's claim that x ≤ 2048 V x ≤ 4096---that led, in the year 2 10 + 2 11 , to Donald Knuth's Turing Award being posthumously rescinded and given to Bill Gasarch. However, the Knuth Cult will discover that Donald Knuth's words here are a numerical key that unlocks the secret of the Art of Computer Programming, which, it turns out, when decoded has nothing to do with computers but rather is a skillful telling of the life story of a Danish saint.Warmest thanks to Bill and the dozens of contributors for their time, analyses, and prognostications.Plugs for past and future issues: In 1996 and 1997, SIGACT News Complexity Theory Columns 14 and 15 collected various expert's opinions on the future of computational complexity. If you have not read those opinions already, they are worth a look. And coming in the next few issues we'll have Marcus Schaeffer and Chris Umans on completeness for higher polynomial hierarchy levels, Arfst Nickelsen and Till Tantau on partial information classes, and Ramamohan Paturi on the complexity of k-SAT.
Traffic incident management: best practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Austroads Improving Traffic Incident Management project involves a review of traffic incident management in major urban regions across Australia and New Zealand. This report provides a brief overview of all aspects of traffic incident management, including planning, institutional issues, evaluation and performance review and capability development, as well as all operational aspects, including detection, verification, response, site management, investigation and clearance, traffic management and traveller information. It identifies recommended practice that may be suitable for wider application. (a)
Controlling Ion Uptake in Carboxylated Mixed Conductors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) have garnered significant attention due to their capacity to transport both ions and electrons, making them ideal for applications in energy storage, neuromorphics, and bioelectronics. However, charge compensation mechanisms during the polymer redox process remain poorly understood, and are often oversimplified as single‐ion injection with little attention to counterion effects. To advance understanding and design strategies toward next‐generation OMIEC systems, a series of p‐channel carboxylated mixed conductors is investigated. Varying side‐chain functionality, distinctive swelling character is uncovered during electrochemical doping/dedoping with model chao‐/kosmotropic electrolytes. Carboxylic acid functionalized polymers demonstrate strong deswelling and mass reduction during doping, indicating cation expulsion, while ethoxycarbonyl counterparts exhibit prominent mass increase, pointing to an anion‐driven doping mechanism. By employing operando grazing incidence X‐ray fluorescence (GIXRF), it is revealed that the carboxyl functionalized polymer engages in robust cation interaction, whereas ester functionalization shifts the mechanism towards no cation involvement. It is demonstrated that cations are pivotal in mitigating swelling by counterbalancing anions, enabling efficient anion uptake without compromising performance. These findings underscore the transformative influence of functionality‐driven factors and side‐chain chemistry in governing ion dynamics and conduction, providing new frameworks for designing OMIECs with enhanced performance and reduced swelling.
[Nutrient intakes: concepts and international recommendations (part two)].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Four geographical territories have been considered, being split in 2 parts. First part: European Union. Second part: Spain, United States of America/Canada and FAO/WHO. Due to the extensive text of this revision there has been necessary to divide it in 2 parts which are being published in consecutive numbers of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONS OF THE 2ND (AND 1ST) PART: Important advances in food consumption surveys and as well as in the tables of food composition, have been published in Spain. At the international level the concepts used have been refined and broadened with an ever increasing breakdown by population groups, especially for those 51 and over, and pregnant and/or nursing women. However, there exist many disparities among the diverse authorities and organizations.
Organ Fossils of Neocalamites carrerei from the Amisan Formation of the Nampo Group, Korea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

이 연구는 충남 보령군 미산면 지역에 분포하는 남포층군 아미산층의 Neocalamites carrerei의 자생지에서 산출된 지하경, 잎이 붙은 지상경, 포자수와 같은 기관화석의 형태적 특징과 구조에 관한 것이다. Neocalamites carrerei의 크기는 현생의 속새류와 대동식물군의 고기 후와의 관계로부터 추정하면 상당히 대형이었을 것으로 추정된다. 포자수 Neocalamites takahashii (Kon'no)는 Neocalamites carrerei의 잎과 밀접하게 동반되어 산출되는 것으로 보아 동일종으로 추정된다. 자생지에서 지상경과 지하경이 많이 산출되는 것에 비하여 포자수는 매우 희귀하다. 이것은 Neocalamites carrerei가 포자번식 이외에 지하경을 통한 무성생식으로도 번식했을 가능성을 강하게 시사한다. Neocalamites는 현생 속새류와 잎의 형태,크기 및 구조에서 현저하게 다르다. This study deals with the morphological characteristics and structure of organ fossils of Neocalamites carrerei such as rhizomes, aerial leafy stems, and cones collected in situ from the Amisan Formation of Nampo Group. Judging from the size of some extant Equisetum and paleoclimate of Daedong flora, it is considered that the size of Neocalamites carrerei was probably very large. The cone of Neocalamites takahashii (Kon'no) is closely associated with the leaves of Neocalamites carrerei. It indicates that two organ fossils mentioned above probably belong to the same species. Comparing with very abundant occurrence of aerial leafy stems and rhizomes in the Amisan Formation, cones are very rare. This fact implies that Neocalamites reproduce not only by spore reproduction, but also by asexual reproduction. Neocalamites largely differ in the leaf form and size from Equisetum.
530 FACTORS AFFECTING LONG-TERM MORTALITY AFTER ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has made considerable advancements with respect to perioperative mortality. However, fewer data are available regarding whether perioperative factors affect long-term mortality.

Methods

We reviewed a prospective database of 468 patients from 1996-2004 who underwent endovascular infrarenal AAA repair. We analyzed preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate postoperative factors, using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, to identify independent predictors of long-term survival (survival for at least 30 days after hospital discharge).

Results

The mean age for our study population was 74 years and 90% were male. Median follow-up was 938 days (IQR 335-1479). Median overall survival was 2,203 days (IQR 1093-2792). The leading cause of death was cardiac. On multivariate analysis, the number of preoperative clinical cardiac risk factors (p = .0001), spending 2 or more days in the intensive care unit (p < .0001), and having an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the perioperative period (p < .0001) were predictors of long-term mortality, as was the absence of an endoleak (p = .0013). A perioperative non-STEMI was not predictive of mortality. On multivariate analysis, only the number of preoperative clinical cardiac risk factors (p = .0001), spending 2 or more days in the ICU (p = .0006), and having a STEMI were predictors of long-term mortality.

Conclusions

The leading cause of long-term mortality following endovascular AAA repair is cardiac. Preoperative variables such as clinical cardiac risk factors are significant predictors of long-term mortality following endovascular AAA repair, as is prolonged ICU stay and having a perioperative STEMI, whereas a perioperative non-STEMI is not. These findings provide guidelines for which patients are at greatest risk for long-term cardiac death following endovascular AAA repair and suggest that monitoring perioperative cardiac enzymes is unnecessary.
Research Article Isoflavones-Enriched Soy Protein Prevents CCL4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The burden of liver disease in Egypt is exceptionally high due to the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) resulting in rising rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the current study was to determine the isoflavones in soy and to evaluate the protective role of soy against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Four experimental groups were treated for 8 weeks and included the control group, soy-supplemented diet (20%w/w) group, the group treated orally with CCl4 (100mg/kg bw) twice a week, and the group fed soy-supplemented diet and treated with CCl4. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses and histological examination. The results indicated that protein content was 45.8 % and the total isoflavones recorded 167.3mg/100 g soy. Treatment with CCl4 resulted in a significant biochemical changes in serum liver tissue accompanied with severe oxidative stress and histological changes. Supplementation with soy succeeded to restore the elevation of liver enzymes activities and improved serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, soy supplementation improved the antioxidant enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved the histological picture of the liver tissue. It could be concluded that soy-protein-
WATER CONSERVATION BY RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water resources scarcity is a major topic of global discussion in recent years. The reasons for water scarcity are misallocation, misuse and degradation of water. Sustainable water management is one of the paramount importance for maintaining economic prosperity and ecological balance. Rain water is the primary source of water. Ponds, lakes, rivers and ground water are the secondary sources of water. We depend on the secondary sources of water for our requirements. But we forget the point that rain water is the source of recharge or water supply for all these secondary sources of water. We get about 100 hours of rain in a year. It is this 100 hour quantity that must be caught, stored and used over the other 8660 hours that make up a year. If not harvested, the rainwater runs off into the sea or floods low lying areas. The paper emphasizes on the method of rain water harvesting for water conservation and discusses in detail the various techniques used for rain water harvesting. Necessity
Vein matching using line pattern

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The number of people using mobile phones has been growing exponentially since their introduction, and this figure is expected to grow in the many years to come. Such devices are becoming increasingly indispensable to human and are also getting increasingly powerful as time goes by. Mobile phone has grown into a powerful digital device, a smartphone, which can provide many services to the user, including some which handles highly confidential information. These information calls for a demand in protection services and authentication purposes. Simple authentication technology such as numerical password, were introduced way before smartphone surfaced in the market. Such authentication technology readily provides full access to the user upon having correct information presented to it. Any unauthorized user could simply bypass this security with the correct information. This flaw raises the demand for a highly reliable authentication process, the biometric authentication. This project will look into the area of biometric authentication through hand vein matching patterns and bringing it into the Android mobile platform. The project consist the early development stages of the Android mobile application that works with the hardware (Camera and Storage) and software (Cropping, Grayscale Mapping and Binarization) of the digital mobile device, and the migration of partial existing codes from C# to JAVA. The student will also explain in details the ways in developing the Android application, the research gathered in aiding the development of the project and the complications in the migration faced during the course of the final year project. There will also be a chapter under results and discussions where the student will discuss about the result on the current application. The student will then make recommendations on what could be carried on and improvised for the future development of this project.
The Treatment for the Bacterial Aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four hundred sixty-seven patients were treated for cerebral aneurysms between November 1976 and October 1990 in our hospital. Of these, six patients were diagnosed as having intracranial bacterial aneurysms. There were four cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, one case of subdural hematoma, and one case of cerebral infarction. Of these six cases, five (83%) had a single aneurysm and only one (17%) had four aneurysms. All aneurysms existed on the peripheral side.All the six cases had valvular disease as an underlying disease, and four of them had complications of endocarditis.For the treatment of intracranial bacterial aneurysms, there are two types of treatment, one being surgical treatment and the other chemical treatment. From our experience with these six cases, we think it advisable, as a rule, to take surgical treatment as the first choice when the aneurysm comes from bleeding, and chemical treatment as the first choice when the aneurysm is found in an unruptured state. However, in giving treatment, it is necessary to always keep in mind the possibility of underlying heart disease.
Investigation on sleeve joint purlin systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis presents the experimental studies of the behaviour of sleeve joint purlin systems made of cold-formed steel Zed sections. Experimental tests on a variety of cleat-purlin and sleeve-purlin connections suitable for Zed section purlin systems have been conducted. A parametric study is carried out to determine the effect of various geometric and force related variables on the optimum design of Zed section purlin systems. Sufficient cases are then analyzed and tested, with the variation of the variables, such as purlin size, purlin thickness, sleeve size and thickness, sleeve length, bolt position, etc. within practical ranges n industry. The results of the tests were eventually used to develop a set of empirical expressions characterizing the general behaviour of connections on Zed section purlin systems.
Use Copper Slag to Prepare Copper Matrix Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Copper slag was used to prepare copper powder by way of slurry electrolysis, and the copper powder was used to fabricate copper matrix composite materials reinforced with chemical plating surface modified alumina particulates. Alumina particulates were pretreated in ultrasonic field by chemical copper plating in order to make alumina particulates covered with a layer of copper film and form Al2O3/Cu composite powders. Copper matrix composite materials strengthened with alumina particulates were synthesized by means of pressure molding and sintering. Microstructure of copper matrix composites was researched by means of SEM. SEM analysis shows that alumina particulates distribute in the copper-based body evenly, and combine with copper closely. The effects of sintering temperature, pressure and alumina content on the compactness and hardness of copper matrix composites were studied by orthogonal tests. The compactness of composites increases with the sintering temperature and pressure increasing, and decreases with the alumina content increasing. The hardness of composite materials increases with the sintering temperature, pressure and alumina particulates increasing.
Fêtes - (Part 2)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: ORCHESTRE DE LA SOCIETE DES CONCERTS DU CONSERVATOIRE Writer: CLAUDE DEBUSSY NOCTURNES; Orchestra; Conducted by;. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil ET, 2.3mil CT, 2.8mil CT, 3.3mil CT. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 250, Rolloff: -5. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 2LA2569 Catalog number: D.B.5067 Other IDs from the record include: 2LA.2569; No. 4
Model of a Virtual Firewall Based on Stochastic Petri Nets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a modeling of a virtual firewall, based on Stochastic Petri Nets (SPN) to analyze the performance in terms of throughput and delay. The firewall is part of a virtualized multitenant environment. To ensure that every tenant is protected against intrusion attempts, per tenant firewalls are a must. With this protection, each virtual environment located on a multitenant cloud is isolated and data is protected in case of an attack originating from within the cloud. Petri nets introduce some interactions that we have in the real system; we refer to sequential and parallel processing, concurrency, limited resources and mutual exclusion in shared resource access. The modeling is assessed by simulation and results are compared in different scenarios. The modeling also allows us to evaluate necessary resources that must be allocated to archive the desired throughput. Once the impact of key parameters on the global system performance is analyzed, results under several scenarios indicate that our proposal would succeed in an efficient resource allocation scheme in terms of throughput and delay.
Composite Particles in Field Theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Some aspects of the field-theoretical description of composite particles are studied. Using the most general local-field operator that is possible for the composite particle, it is shown that (i) if the theory can be expressed in terms of a Lagrangian, the "indifference hypothesis" of Feynman is true, i.e., the Lagrangian can be written as a function of any one of all possible irreducible sets of fields (in particular, sets including composite fields), without changing the $S$ operator of the theory; (ii) it is impossible for all particles to be composite---a bootstrap is thus incompatible with the general principles of local-field theory; and (iii) a necessary condition for a composite particle to be described by a local field is that its wave-function (field) renormalization constant should vanish.
Risk Factors, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Vascular Brain Health

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although a relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and stroke has long been recognized, these risk factors likely play a role in other aspects of brain health. Clinical stroke is only the tip of the iceberg of vascular brain injury that includes covert infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and microbleeds. Furthermore, an individual’s risk for not only stroke but poor brain health includes not only these traditional vascular risk factors but also lifestyle and genetic factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the state of the evidence on traditional and nontraditional vascular risk factors and their contributions to brain health. Additionally, we will review important modifiers that interact with these risk factors to increase, or, in some cases, reduce risk of adverse brain health outcomes, with an emphasis on genes and biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease. Finally, we will consider the importance of social determinants of health in brain health outcomes.
Responsive polymeric nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Small‐molecule drugs often have limited solubility, display rapid clearance or poor selectivity that leads to undesired side‐effects. Although prodrug strategies can improve solubility and lower toxicity, activation ‘on demand’ as well as targeted transport of prodrugs remains a challenge in drug delivery. Responsive polymeric nanoparticles can help meet these challenges with the encapsulation or conjugation of drugs, allowing release at the target site upon triggering by an internal or external stimulus. The adaptable design of polymeric nanoparticles allows them to play a vital role in achieving a specific and desired response following application of a specific stimulus. Here, the most recent progress in responsive polymeric nanoparticles is reviewed with a focus on the chemical properties of the utilized polymers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A Decision-Making Model for Remanufacturing Facility Location in Underdeveloped Countries: A Capacitated Facility Location Problem Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Underdeveloped countries are gradually opening remanufacturing facilities to recover end-of-life products (EOL). Locating these facilities in underdeveloped countries is quite challenging because many factors related to the environment, economics, and ethics have to be considered. This paper proposes a decision-making model for locating remanufacturing facilities, a critical factor in implementing remanufacturing in underdeveloped countries. Our principal objective is to obtain the capacity, number, and geographical locations for newly established remanufacturing facilities using a Capacitated Facility Location Problem (CFLP) approach. The mathematical model helps us find the number of facilities that will need to be opened to fully recover the EOL products and the total cost during the entire process. A case study on the establishment of SEVALO Remanufacturing Machinery Co., Ltd. in Cameroon is used to demonstrate the CFLP approach. The results and analyses show that the successful establishment of SEVALO in Cameroon will significantly help to reduce the quantity of construction machinery parts dumped into the environment.
Incomplete markets and derivative assets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We analyze derivative asset trading in an economy in which agents face both aggregate and uninsurable idiosyncratic risks. Insurance markets are incomplete for idiosyncratic risk and, possibly, for aggregate risk as well. However, agents can exchange insurance against aggregate risk through derivative assets such as options. We present a tractable framework, which allows us to characterize the extent of risk sharing in this environment. We show that incomplete insurance markets can explain some properties of the volume of traded derivative assets, which are difficult to explain in complete market economies.