jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Association between diffuse panbronchiolitis and HTLV-I infection].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine whether HTLV-I infection is associated with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), we investigated T-cell surface markers of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in 9 healthy volunteers, 6 HTLV-I seronegative DPB patients (HTLV-I(-)DPB) and 8 HTLV-I seropositive DPB patients (HTLV-I(+)DPB). In peripheral blood, no significant difference was observed between HTLV-I(-)DBP and healthy volunteers. However, in BALF, HTLV-I(-)DPB showed a significant decrease of the CD4/CD8 ratio and an increase of CD8+HLA-DR+ cells compared with healthy volunteers. CD3+CD25+ and CD4+HLA-DR+ cells in peripheral blood were significantly increased in HTLV-I(+)DPB compared with those in HTLV-I(-)DPB. No significant difference was observed in BALF cells between HTLV-I(-) and HTLV-I(+)DPB with the exception of CD3+CD25+ cells. The most striking result was a marked elevation of CD3+CD25+ cells in 2 of 8 HTLV-I seropositive patients. Microscopic findings of open lung biopsy specimens obtained from the 2 patients differed from the typical microscopic findings in DPB. From these findings, we consider that HTLV-I infection may be associated with pulmonary lesions like DPB, but of a different, pathologically distinct, type.
Abstract 18265: Determining the Adequacy of Pediatric CPR: CPP Associated With ROSC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Human adult studies have shown that the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) correlates positively with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during CPR. Paradis et al have shown that a CPP of at least 15 mmHg during CPR was associated with ROSC in adult patients. We reviewed in-hospital CPR of pediatric patients between July 2010 and June 2012 at Arkansas Children’s hospital (ACH), who were admitted to the PICU or CVICU at the time of the cardiac arrest and had monitoring lines allowing determination of CPP. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CPP increases during CPR and the necessary CPP for ROSC in pediatric patients is lower than reported for adults. Methods: Patients with cardiac arrests were identified through ACH CPR registry. CPP was calculated by subtracting the end-diastolic central venous pressure (CVP) from the end-diastolic arterial blood pressure (BP), representing the CPP prior to the next chest compression as defined by the Utstein criteria. We identified 43 patients that had invasive arterial BP and CVP monitoring at the time of the cardiac arrest. Complete monitoring data was available for 10 patients. The mean CPP was calculated in 15 seconds epochs. Results: The mean age for our 10 patients was 320 days (range 12 days - 5.53 years). 8 of the 10 patients had a diagnosis of congenital heart disease and 7 of these 8 patients were admitted to the CVICU for postoperative care. 6 patients were male and 4 were female. Mean weight was 5.8 kg. The mean duration of CPR was 194 seconds. All patients had ROSC; however one patient died within 24 hours of the cardiac arrest, two patients died more than 24 hours after the cardiac arrest. 7 of the 10 patients survived to hospital discharge. Mean CPP was significantly higher for the last 15 second epoch before ROSC compared to the initial 15 second epoch of CPR (22.96 mmHg (SD +/- 9.96 mmHg vs. 5.4 mmHg (SD: +/- 8.2 mmHg), P<0.001). The mean CPP for the minute of CPR prior to ROSC was 15.95 mmHg (standard deviation (SD): +/- 4.8 mmHg). Conclusion: CPP increased during CPR and was significantly higher just prior to ROSC. Mean values in the minute prior to ROSC were similar to that reported in adults. To our knowledge, this is the first descriptive study of CPP during CPR in pediatric patients.
VI. Current Trend in Surgical Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

近年の炎症性腸疾患に対する内科的治療の進歩は治療戦略に大きな変化をもたらしてきたが，いまだ手術療法が果たす役割は大きいものである．治療成績を向上させるためには手術の適応を的確に判断し，正しい術式を選択することが大切である．そして潰瘍性大腸炎では術後合併症が起こった場合でも機能温存を図ること，また，Crohn病では術後の再発予防を念頭に置いた治療戦略が今後重要となってくる．
Comment on mr-2022-12

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Polarisation transfer schemes and indirect detection are central to magnetic resonance. Using the trityl radical OX063 and a pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer operating in the Q-band (35âGHz, 1.2âT), we show here that it is possible to use pulsed dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) to transfer polarisation from electrons to protons and back. The latter is achieved by first saturating the electrons and then simply using a reverse DNP step. A variable mixing time between DNP and reverse DNP allows us to investigate the decay of polarisation on protons in the vicinity of the electrons. We qualitatively investigate the influence of solvent deuteration, temperature, and electron concentration. We expect reverse DNP to be useful in the investigation of nuclear spin diffusion and envisage its use in electronânuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) experiments.
Electric Field Effects on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Perspectives and Outlook

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The grand challenges in renewable energy lie in our ability to comprehend efficient energy conversion systems, together with dealing with the problem of intermittency via scalable energy storage systems. Relatively little progress has been made on this at grid scale and two overriding challenges still need to be addressed: (i) limiting damage to the environment and (ii) the question of environmentally friendly energy conversion. The present review focuses on a novel route for producing hydrogen, the ultimate clean fuel, from the Sun, and renewable energy source. Hydrogen can be produced by light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but it is very inefficient; rather, we focus here on how electric fields can be applied to metal oxide/water systems in tailoring the interplay with their intrinsic electric fields, and in how this can alter and boost PEC activity, drawing both on experiment and non-equilibrium molecular simulation.
CRITIQUING DELEGATED LEGISLATION ON PREVENTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sexual harassment of women in the workplace is a serious issue in India, affecting all social and professional sectors, including elite higher education institutions. This problem violates women's fundamental rights to equality and livelihood, breaches professional ethics, and hampers the productivity and potential of many academics. Although the Indian Parliament enacted a comprehensive law in 2013 to address sexual harassment at workplaces, the implementation, especially in educational institutions, is flawed due to bureaucratic inefficiencies. There is a lack of unbiased analysis on how delegated regulations by administrative authorities undermine the law's intent. This research article conducts a legal analysis of the law's implementation in higher educational institutions, using doctrinal research methodology. It identifies subjective and ultra vires provisions introduced by ideologically driven bureaucrats that compromise the law's validity and effectiveness. The study highlights deviations in delegated legislation from the original law and suggests corrective measures to address significant flaws in the regulations framed by the University Grants Commission.
[Severe oligozoospermia as a sequela to partial obstruction of the seminiferous tubules].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arguments for the presence of a partial obstruction as cause of severe oligozoospermia may result from following findings. 1. The frequency of normal FSH values in oligozoospermia (44.9%) do not differ significantly from cases with azoospermia (50%). 2. Including a quantitative analysis of testicular morphology 5 out of 63 patients (7.9%) suffering from severe oligozoospermia show a normal spermatogenesis. 3. The frequency of this constellation in our material including severe oligozoospermia, normal testicular volume, normal FSH value, and normal spermatogenesis agree with few findings in the literature. The number of etiological factors of partial obstruction require also invasive diagnostical procedures like vas deferens radiography and surgical exploration.
Effect of Long-term High-fat Diet on Fasting Glucose and Glucose Tolerance in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of long-term high-fat diet(HF)on fasting glucose and glucose tolerance in rats was observed and studied to establish a stable animal model which can simulate a natural pathophysiological process similar to impaired glucose regulation for humans.100 SD rats were randomly divided into control group and enriched HF group,and were fed with free access to food and water for 14 months.Body weight and fasting glucose levels were measured every month,and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in the 5,8,10 and 14th months after HF feeding.During HF feeding from the 1st to 14th month,body weight of males was not significantly increased,while that of females slightly increased by 10%~15% from 5th to 8th month.Compared with the control group,the fasting glucose levels of the HF group of both genders were significantly increased from the 1st to 5th month,whereas only males showed significantly impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)from the 5th to 10th month.However,the difference in IGT of males was diminished with prolonged HF feeding.Although HF alone could not cause diabetes in rats,it did induce impaired fasting glucose and IGT.Male rats were better for recapturing the matabolic features of impaired glucose regulation.Due to the close resemblance in the natural pathophysiological process to human type 2 diabetes,easy experiment and low cost,this animal model will be useful for future mechanistic study on early glucose dysregulation and its prevention.Fig 2,Tab 1,Ref 12
Material Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article traces the genealogy of ‘materialism’ and thus material cultures’ research within geography and social sciences. Material culture is explained through the notion of historical materialism as a Marxist ideology, and its role within the culture. Subsequent usage of material cultures is explained against this original framework. Raymond Williams’ cultural materialism is explained through the work of geographers Stephen Daniels and Denis Cosgrove. The notion of the super-object is explored through examples from the nineteenth century; these are contrasted with Daniel Millers accounts of material cultures and those new theorizing of material cultures through notions of postcolonial cultures, waste, visual culture, and the body. \n \n
Elastomeric Transistor Stamps: Reversible Probing of Charge Transport in Organic Crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a method to fabricate high-performance field-effect transistors on the surface of freestanding organic single crystals. The transistors are constructed by laminating a monolithic elastomeric transistor stamp against the surface of a crystal. This method, which eliminates exposure of the fragile organic surface to the hazards of conventional processing, enables fabrication of rubrene transistors with charge carrier mobilities as high as ∼15 cm 2 /V·s and subthreshold slopes as low as 2nF·V/decade·cm 2 . Multiple relamination of the transistor stamp against the same crystal does not affect the transistor characteristics; we exploit this reversibility to reveal anisotropic charge transport at the basal plane of rubrene.
Experimental Analysis of Palm-Oil Biodiesel Oxidation Stability on the Aging Characteristics of Diesel-Biodiesel Blends

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The utilization of biodiesel-diesel blends has gained significant momentum in recent years. However, the unique properties of palm oil biodiesel demand careful handling compared to conventional diesel fuel whereas the most important is the preservation of oxidation stability. It is related to the resistance of biodiesel and its blends against heat and oxygen-induced oxidation reactions. This study focuses on the aging characteristics of palm oil biodiesel-diesel blends (B10 to B50) which were impacted by varying pristine biodiesel oxidation stability by aging with air and heat exposure. The experiment of biodiesel and its blend aging was set up using the Accelerated method (EN 14112 / EN 15751) and Rapid Smale Scale Oxidation Test method (ASTM D7545). Furthermore, the effects of diesel fuel aging on high and low biodiesel oxidation stability were examined, including density, kinematic viscosity, water content, acid number, and lubricity. Based on the results, it was found that the aging time of palm oil biodiesel significantly influences the oxidative parameters of the biodiesel-diesel blends (B10 to B50). Moreover, prolonged aging resulted in decreased oxidation stability and increased viscosity, total acid number, and lubricity. These outcomes highlight how crucial it is to handle and store palm oil biodiesel properly in order to maintain the quality of biodiesel-diesel blends.
Description of Physical Education Instructional Theory/Practice Gap in Selected Secondary Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The theory/practice gap in physical education instructional practices has been more or less assumed. Recent research employing data-based analysis has provided some insight about instructional procedures being used. There is little evidence about the existence, size, and reasons contributing to the perceived gap. Instructors N = (128) from 20 randomly selected Illinois secondary schools were interviewed via questionnaire to obtain evidence relative to the perceived gap in the use of instructional “theory.” Results indicate that an overall gap exists in the regular use of planning (40%), teaching approaches (64%), practice (31%), evaluation (40%), and teaching/learning environment procedures (18%). The reason most often given for not using recommended planning, practice, and evaluation procedures was an expressed belief that “it was not necessary” (42%). Recommended instructional practices were used significantly more often by teachers from large schools and by teachers with more inservice education. The amount of instructor teaching experience is significantly related to the use of selected instructional theory.
An Account of the Last Illness and Death of Professor H. Benedict De Saussure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

prematurely terminated the life, of Professor De Saussure, a philosopher whose name will ever be illustrious in the annals of science, contains circumstances, the detail of which has appeared to me, worthy of being presented to this learned Society.De Saussure was endowed by nature vtith a frame of body bearing every indication of health and strength, and calculated to support an hereditary claim to longevity, which he derived from both his parents, and which seemed, indeed, to belong to the race from which he sprung.He appeared in -every way destined to accomplish a long career of glory in the field of scientific discovery, and to
Avian influenza A viruses of southern China and Hong Kong: ecological aspects and implications for man.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Continuous surveillance of the influenza viruses isolated from domestic poultry from southern China and Hong Kong over more than 4 years resulted in the isolation of influenza viruses possessing 46 different combinations of haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) subtypes. Of these, 43 were obtained from ducks from China. In all cases, infection appeared to be asymptomatic. The antigenic combination found most commonly in the viruses isolated was H4N6, which accounted for approximately one-quarter of the duck isolates, its occurrence being more frequent than expected from a statistical analysis of the observed frequencies of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes among all the isolates. Some combinations of H and N occurred less frequently than expected or not at all. Influenza viruses tended to be isolated more frequently from ducks during the summer months in comparison with paramyxoviruses, which were more commonly encountered in the winter. Possible reasons for the great antigenic diversity of influenza A viruses in the poultry, especially the ducks, in the region are discussed together with the potential significance of these viruses to the emergence of human influenza pandemics.
Correction of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIb fibroblasts by lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB; or Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is a lysosomal disease, due to glycosaminoglycan storage caused by mutations on the α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) gene. The disease is characterized by neurological dysfunction but relatively mild somatic manifestations. No effective treatment is available for affected patients. In the present study, we evaluated the role of a lentiviral vector as the transducing agent of NAGLU cDNA in MPS IIIB fibroblasts. The vector expressed high transduction efficiency and high levels of enzymic activity, 20-fold above normal levels, persisting for at least 2 months. PCR experiments confirmed the integration of the viral vector into the target genome. The NAGLU activity restored by virus infection was sufficient to normalize glycosaminoglycan accumulation, which is directly responsible for the disease phenotype. Metabolic labelling experiments on transduced fibroblasts exhibited, in the medium and in cellular lysates, polypeptide forms of 84 and 80kDa respectively related to the precursor and mature forms of the enzyme. The enzyme secreted by transduced MPS IIIB fibroblasts was endocytosed in deficient cells by the mannose 6-phosphate system. Thus we show that lentiviral vectors may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of MPS IIIB disease.
Addendum to Proposed Lunar Base Simulation Exhibit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This project supplements the IQP A Proposal for an Educational Lunar Base Simulation Exhibit from the 2014-15 academic year. The original project proposes to repurpose the basement of the Worcester Memorial Auditorium into an educational exhibit for students in grades 5-8 simulating a base established on the moon. The proposed exhibit consists of five sub-exhibits, each explaining different STEM concepts from the Massachusetts Curriculum Standards Framework through hands-on activities. This project adds two sub-exhibits with STEM related activities. The activity of the first sub-exhibit is geared toward younger students in grades 5 and 6, while the second activity is more advanced for students in grades 7 and 8.
Improving Balanced Nutrition Knowledge among Mothers of Toddlers through Education and Menu Demonstration at Posyandu

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions and demonstrations of balanced nutrition menus on increasing the knowledge of mothers of toddlers. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design of one group pretest-posttest design. The participants were mothers who had children aged 0-5 years and actively participated in Posyandu activities in the local Puskesmas work area. Before and after the intervention, the level of knowledge of respondents was measured using a validated questionnaire instrument, containing 20 multiple-choice questions about the concept of balanced nutritional, types of food, balanced portions, and toddler food processing techniques. The results of the inferential analysis using the paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05). Community-based nutrition education programs accompanied by direct demonstrations are highly recommended as a strategy to increase community nutrition literacy, especially in efforts to prevent toddler nutrition problems such as stunting and malnutrition.
Excited state relaxation in bichromophoric rotors: Time-resolved fluorescence of 1,3-di(N-carbazolyl) propane: A three-state analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The transient fluorescence profiles of 1,3-di(N-carbazolyl)-propane, DCP, were reinvestigated as a function of temperature in toluene as solvent. Typically three-exponential patterns, both for the low-energy, red edge fluorescence of the excimer FE(t) and, in part, for the monomer fluorescence FM(t) were observed in the moderate temperature range −15≤t/°C≤55, whereas at temperatures t/ °C&gt;55 profiles were found to be approximately biexponential, within the limitations of time resolution. On the premises given in Sec. IV of this work, data were analyzed in terms of a discrete three-state model which assumes two monomeric conformers (X1=tt, X2=tg±) and a single excimer-forming conformation (X3=g∓g±) interconverting in an open, linear scheme. Starting from a generalized treatment of n-particle interaction, the analytical δ-pulse solutions to the fluorescence evolutions X1(t), X2(t), and X3(t) were formulated in terms of 18 amplitudes Aij(k) (i, j=1,2,3) and 3 eigenvalues τj =−1/Tj ( j=1,2,3) for two different, initial boundaries (k=1,2). For reasonable choices of fluorescence rate constants, the simulated parameters proved useful (a) to recover satisfactorily the experimental subnanosecond (T1) and nanosecond time constants (T2,T3), (b) to rationalize the biexponential rise of excimer fluorescence at moderate temperatures, and (c) to explain the pseudo-Birks behavior in the high-temperature regime. Results from both experiments and computation allow to specify the time scales of rotating carbazole chromophores, and they strongly indicate that the rapid conformational equilibrium hypothesis is not valid in DCP. The limitations of the minimal model have been addressed and the potential problem encountered in analyzing the data by a discrete set of multiexponentials has been discussed.
The Hemi-Adduct of Bis(diethyldithiocarbamato-S,S')tellurium(II) with 4,4'-Bipyridyl

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the structure of bis­(diethyldithiocarbamato-S,S′)tellurium(II)–4,4′-bipyridyl (2/1), [Te(C5H10NS2)2].1/2C10H8N2, the bipyridyl molecule was found to bridge two bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)tellurium moieties centrosymmetrically, i.e. μ-(4,4′-bipyridyl-N:N′)-bis(diethyldithiocarbamato-S,S′)tellurium. The N atom of the bipyridyl is very weakly coordinated to tellurium and this is the first instance of a Te—N coordination observed in a tellurium–dithiocarbamate complex. The geometry around each Te atom is an unusual planar-pentagonal arrangement of ligands around it.