jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling decreased labor access after the COVID-19 pandemic: economic, social, and demographic implications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effect of decreased labor access resulting from fewer employees being available for in-person work, based on the unique industry makeup of the region in which work is located. Our analysis is based on simulations in which each industry is assigned an Effective Potential – a score which ranks how well workers in a particular industry can perform tasks remotely on a scale of 0 to 100 (with 0 being nothing can be done remotely, while 100 implies all tasks can be performed remotely). The Effective Potential is then used to derive the Labor Access Index policy variable, which estimates the effect of access to labor choice and individual characteristics by occupation and industry on labor productivity. Since it has the greatest ability for workers to perform functions remotely, the finance and insurance industry experiences the smallest decrease in labor access at 24%. The accommodation and food services industry, on the other hand, witnesses the largest decrease at 92%. The implications of the results for policy are discussed, in the context of creating a more equitable labor market that unlocks the potential of more segments of society – especially historically marginalized demographics.
Short‐latency ionic effects of nerve growth factor deprivation and readministration on ganglionic cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nerve growth factor (NGF) is likely to exert its trophic action on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and on sympathetic ganglion neurons by controlling a crucial function of these cells. This function would in turn regulate other cellular machineries and, ultimately, lead to the traditional NGF consequences, such as survival and neuritic growth. A corollary of this view is that the key to NGF action must lie in short‐latency events, occurring within minutes of NGF administration. Chick embryo DRG dissociates have proved to be an effective experimental system to investigate short‐latency responses to NGF, in that (1) measurable functional deficits develop over 6 h of NGF deprivation in vitro and (2) delayed presentation of NGF promptly and fully restores the defective function. The first deficit observed in this experimental system, a decline in RNA‐labeling capability, led to the recognition that NGF controls the transport of selected exogenous substrates, all of which are Na + ‐coupled and depend on an Na + gradient across the neuronal membrane. Subsequent work showed that NGF controlled such transport systems by actually regulating the neuronal ability to control intracellular Na + . Under NGF deprivation, the DRG cells accumulate Na + to levels that reflect, and presumably equate, the extracellular Na + concentrations. Conversely, on delayed NGF administration, the accumulated Na + is actively extruded to an extent and at a speed that depends on the NGF concentration. The Na + response is elicited by both Beta and 7S NGF, but not by other proteins tested. All ganglionic systems that display a requirement for exogenous NGF in culture have also displayed the Na + response to NGF. The Na + response is grossly paralleled by a K + response. DRG dissociates, in which intracellular K + has been pre‐equilibrated with extracellular 86 Rb + , lose their 86 Rb + over 6 h of NGF deprivation and restore it on delayed NGF administration. The regulation by NGF of mechanisms controlling intracellular Na + and K + levels in their target neurons is likely to occupy an early and fundamentl place in the sequence of events underlying the mode of action of this factor.
[A standard panel of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative blood sera for assessing the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic immunoenzyme test systems].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The materials on the development of a reference panel of HIV-positive and negative blood sera required for quality control of diagnostic enzyme-immunoassay systems are summarized. Ninety sera (50 HIV-antibody positive and 40 negative) were examined in 2 test systems of national and 3 test systems of foreign companies as well as by immune blotting and immunofluorescence tests. Each serum was characterized by optic density values and antibody titer (for positive sera). The conditions of storage and transportation of serum panels as well as those for control tests were determined. The license and instructions for use for the serum panel have been approved. The serum panel is used in 9 institutions engaged in working out and manufacture of diagnostic test systems.
Vocal Fold Motion Recovery in Patients With Iatrogenic Unilateral Immobility: Cervical Versus Thoracic Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Prognostic information about the return of vocal fold mobility in patients with iatrogenic unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) can help with informed decisions about temporary and permanent treatment options. Although many variables can influence the likelihood of recovery, clinical experience suggests that cervical versus thoracic injury is a determining factor. The purpose of this study was to compare recovery rates from UVFI between cervical and thoracic injuries. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical record was performed on all adult patients diagnosed with complete iatrogenic UVFI from 2005 to 2015 (n = 923). Patients with incomplete data and etiologies of idiopathic, malignancy, or stenosis were excluded, leaving a study cohort of 502 patients who were categorized as having UVFI after cervical (n = 329) or thoracic (n = 173) injury. Data regarding site of iatrogenic injury (cervical vs thoracic), mobility status, and time interval to recovery or surgical intervention were recorded and compared using χ 2 analyses. Results: Overall, 15% of patients recovered vocal fold mobility at a median of 4.1 months. Patients with cervical injury (65 of 329 [20%]) were significantly more likely to recover mobility than patients with thoracic injury (11 of 173 [6.4%]) (odds ratio, 3.63). The cervical cohort contained more women (68% vs 31%) and was younger (mean age, 60.4 ± 13.8 vs 64.1 ± 16.1 years; Cohen’s D = 0.25). Conclusions: Patients with cervical injuries resulting in UVFI are 4 times more likely to recover mobility than patients with thoracic injuries. This information can be valuable in counseling patients with UVFI and may affect clinical decision making.
Influence of ST segment re-elevation on the recent prognosis posterior to acute myocardial infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the influence of ST segment re-elevation on the recent prognosis posterior to AMI.Metho-ds:98 patients were divided into two groups:ST segment re-elevation group(A group) and none-ST segment re-elevation group(B group).Cardiac arrhythmia after reperfusion,heart function,postinfarction angina pectoris and complications were analyzed in two groups.Results:There were no difference of concomitant diabetes mellitus,essential hypertension,smoking rate between two groups(P 0.05).Cardiac arrhythmia after reperfusion,cardiac function grade,postinfarction angina pectoris were compared in two groups,but there were no difference between two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion:Transient ST segment re-elevation after intravenous throm-bolytic therapy in patients with AMI could be considered as one clinical performance of successful reperfusion of myocardium,which has no negtive influence on the recent prognosis posterior to AMI.
The Principles of Airborne Sound Insulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Sound reduction indices Sound reduction through a panel made up of several separate elements The theoretical sound reduction index of a single panel Maximising the sound reduction index of single panels Reducing the coincidence effect in single panels The theoretical sound reduction index of a double panel Maximising the sound reduction index of double panels The effect of wall ties in a double panel Other indices of sound reduction between rooms Conversion of sound reduction indices to single number quantities The spectrum adaptation term Reducing airborne sound transmission — implications for building design
THE ORGANIZATION OF A HUMAN MILK BANK IN A NORTH QUEENSLAND HOSPITAL

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development of a human milk bank with nursing mothers as donors of human milk is described. Breast milk is collected manually, and as aseptically as possible, by the mother in the privacy of her home, and the milk is transported frozen to the milk bank by a member of the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia. A sample of expressed milk is also collected and sent to the Microbiology Department of the Australian Government Health Laboratory for bacteriological examination. The milk bank is suitably located in the paediatric ward of the Townsville General Hospital. Human milk which has been classed as bacteriologically safe is given untreated to hospitalized infants in preference to formula milk. The result is a human milk bank which is administered under medical and microbiological control.
Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) On-Orbit Flight Report on the Propylene Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) instrument which is the sole instrument on ICESat was launched on January 12, 2003. GLAS utilizes two actively controlled propylene Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) as the core of its thermal system. The LHPs started quickly when the Dale Ohm starter heaters were powered and have as designed. The low control heater power and on-orbit tight temperature control appear independent of gravity effects when comparing ground testing to flight data. The use of coupling blocks was also unique to these LHPs. Their application reduced control heater power by reducing the subcooling from the radiator. The effectiveness in reducing subcooling of the coupler blocks decreased during flight from ground testing, but internal thermal isolation in the compensation chamber between the subcooled returning liquid increased in flight resulting in no net increase in control heater power versus ground measurements. Overall the application of LHPs in the thermal system for GLAS met instrument requirements and provided flexibility for the overall system as last minute requirements became known.
Pharmacologic Management of Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current management of aortic aneurysms relies exclusively on prophylactic operative repair of larger aneurysms. Great potential exists for successful medical therapy that halts or reduces aneurysm progression and hence alleviates or postpones the need for surgical repair. Preclinical studies in the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm identified hundreds of candidate strategies for stabilization, and data from preoperative clinical intervention studies show that interventions in the pathways of the activated inflammatory and proteolytic cascades in enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm are feasible. Similarly, the concept of pharmaceutical aorta stabilization in Marfan syndrome is supported by a wealth of promising studies in the murine models of Marfan syndrome–related aortapathy. Although some clinical studies report successful medical stabilization of growing aortic aneurysms and aortic root stabilization in Marfan syndrome, these claims are not consistently confirmed in larger and controlled studies. Consequently, no medical therapy can be recommended for the stabilization of aortic aneurysms. The discrepancy between preclinical successes and clinical trial failures implies shortcomings in the available models of aneurysm disease and perhaps incomplete understanding of the pathological processes involved in later stages of aortic aneurysm progression. Preclinical models more reflective of human pathophysiology, identification of biomarkers to predict severity of disease progression, and improved design of clinical trials may more rapidly advance the opportunities in this important field.
Review Paper: Data Mining of Fungal Secondary Metabolites Using Genomics and Proteomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fungi are versatile organisms; they exist on earth in all extremes of conditions.Fungi are sources of important chemical entities which may be both beneficial and deleterious.Biotechnology has helped to harness this potential of Fungi in a positive direction.The advancements in Genomics and Proteomics have opened up new horizon in research.Improved advanced Molecular Biological Technologies have given a boost to our understanding of genes and helped us to exploit the full potential of Fungi.Bioinformatics and Statistical sciences are indispensable in this regard.Databases are available, providing fast, efficient, meaningful interpretation and analysis of vast amounts of data generated in scientific laboratories.
LCD Glass Cleaning by Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Plasma

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report on a novel method for the surface modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) in LCD glass by direct exposure to a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. To remove the organic contaminants from the surfaces of ITO film in LCD glass, the atmospheric pressure RF glow discharge plasma was used. Argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) were used as the carrier gas and reactive gas, respectively. The addition of O2 gas to Ar decreased the contact angle of water and increased the surface cleaning rate due to the increase of oxygen radicals in the plasma. The chemical characteristics of ITO surface after the plama treatment were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and new carboxyl group bond was produced. The contact angle of 64° before the plasma treatment was decreased to 7° in the processing condition with oxygen flow rate of 50 sccm, treatment speed of 100mm/sec, and input power of 300W. These hydrophilic effect will be very useful in the manufacturing processes of LCD glass.
[Immediate effects and conditions of effectiveness of a session of mechanical assisted ventilation (M.A.V.) in severe respiratory insufficiency (PaCO2 greater than 50 mmHg) out of intensive care conditions (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effectiveness and haemodynamic tolerance of M.A.V. in conscious patients with a severe respiratory insufficiency is mainly due to the proper adaptation to ventilator with low frequency and adequate V.T. Thus M.A.V. is an eventual complement to directed ventilation exercises which in addition reduce the "rebound" of hypoxia and hypercapnia after a M.A.V. session. A proper adaptation ensures haemodynamic tolerance. Expiratory time should be sufficient in such obstructive patients. A post inspiratory pause can improve V.C.O2. Nevertheless, it should not shorten inspiratory time to less than one second and for each patient the best ventilatory profile should be properly established taking into account blood gases, circulatory, expired CO2 and clinical monitoring.
Work Ethic of Women Laweyan Batik Craftsmen During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the beginning of 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis occurred which had an impact on the batik industry in Laweyan Village, namely a decline in sales of up to 60% and the threat of bankruptcy. The formulation of the research problem is what is the work ethic of women Laweyan batik craftsmen during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. There are two sampling techniques used in this research, namely snowball sampling which is used to look for informants for women craftsmen through key informants from the management of the Laweyan Batik Village Development Forum (FPKBL), and purposive sampling is used to find out whether the informant knows the data being sought. The research results found that women Batik Laweyan craftsmen had a work ethic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was obtained through 10 dimensions of work ethic theory, which shows that female Laweyan batik craftsmen still had a work ethic when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred. This research concludes that Laweyan Batik craftsmen still have a work ethic even though they are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Chirality As a Symmetric Basis of Self-Organization of Biomacromolecules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A review of materials within the concept of chirality as a symmetric basis of self-organization in biomacromolecules is presented. The following topics are considered: methods for determining the chirality of regular and irregular protein structures, the distribution of helical and superhelical structures in polypeptide chains, a model for the formation of a three-dimensional structure of the right-handed α-helix from a chain of L-amino acid residues, and a model for the formation of the right-handed α-helix based on a two-particle model of movement in the Lennard-Jones potential. The applied aspects of the concept of chirality in pharmacology and bioengineering, the chirality of drugs with bioactive enantiomers and the mechanisms of self-assembly of helical structures of phenylalanine and diphenylalanine nanotubes of different chirality are discussed. The basic concepts of molecular machines as chiral hierarchical structures are presented.
Afterglow of Magnesium Oxide Single Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnesium oxide single crystals have been irradiated with ultraviolet light at room temperature and the glow curves and accompanying electric current recorded simultaneously from room temperature to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The measurements of optical absorption show the disappearance of absorption bands in visible region. Trap depths of the luminescent centers are given.
Cross-border M&A originating from developing countries (The case of the Indian pharmaceutical industry)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The paper aims to highlight the growing use of M&A as a strategic tool by companies originating from the emerging markets. Findings Cross-border mergers play an increasingly important role in the strategies of firms originating from developing countries in expanding their capabilities and expertise within the drug discovery value chain by providing world class service and international business knowledge. Originality/value M&A literature is very extensive. However, there is need for more research focusing on M&A activity originating from emerging countries.
2-Cyanopyrimidine-Containing Molecules for N-Terminal Selective Cyclization of Phage-Displayed Peptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Current methods for the macrocyclization of phage-displayed peptides often rely on small molecule linkers that nonspecifically react with targeted amino acid residues. To expand tool kits for more regioselective macrocyclization of phage-displayed peptides, this study explores the unique condensation reaction between an N-terminal cysteine and nitrile along with the reactivity of an internal cysteine. Five 2-cyanopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized for this purpose and evaluated for their selective macrocyclization of a protein-fused model peptide. Among these, two novel linkers, 2-chloro-N-(2-cyanopyrimidin-5-yl)acetamide (pCAmCP) and 2-chloro-N-(2-cyanopyrimidin-4-yl)acetamide (mCAmCP), emerged as efficient molecules and were demonstrated to macrocyclize phage-displayed peptide libraries flanked by an N-terminal and an internal cysteine. Using these linkers to generate macrocyclic peptide libraries displayed on phages, peptide ligands for the ZNRF3 extracellular domain were successfully identified. One of the identified peptides, Z27S1, exhibited potent binding to ZNRF3 with a KD value of 360 nM. Notably, the selection results revealed distinct peptide enrichment patterns depending on whether mCAmCP or pCAmCP was used, underscoring the significant impact of linker choice on macrocyclic peptide identification. Overall, this study validates the development of two novel regioselective, small molecule linkers for phage display of macrocyclic peptides and highlights the benefits of employing multiple linkers during phage selections.
Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidative Selective C–C Bond Cleavage in Heteroaryl-Containing Primary and Secondary Alcohols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A transition-metal-free aerobic oxidative selective C-C bond-cleavage reaction in primary and secondary heteroaryl alcohols is reported. This reaction was highly efficient and tolerated various heteroaryl alcohols, generating a carboxylic acid derivative and a neutral heteroaromatic compound. Experimental studies combined with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism underlying the selective C-C bond cleavage. This strategy also provides an alternative simple approach to carboxylation reaction.
Animal models for meniscus repair and regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The meniscus plays an important role in knee function and mechanics. Meniscal lesions, however, are common phenomena and this tissue is not able to achieve spontaneous successful repair, particularly in the inner avascular zone. Several animal models have been studied and proposed for testing different reparative approaches, as well as for studying regenerative methods aiming to restore the original shape and function of this structure. This review summarizes the gross anatomy, function, ultrastructure and biochemical composition of the knee meniscus in several animal models in comparison with the human meniscus. The relevance of the models is discussed from the point of view of basic research as well as of clinical translation for meniscal repair, substitution and regeneration. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each model for various research directions are critically discussed.
Multivalent 1‐Oxa‐3,5,7‐triazahepta‐1,3,5‐trienes: Synthesis, Structural Properties and Metal Coordination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nucleophilic ring opening of bis‐ and tris(1‐oxa‐3,5‐diazinium) salts 1 with n ‐propylamine leads to the bis‐ and tris(armed) oligonitrile derivatives 3 and 8 with secondary amino groups in the side chain. Alternatively, treatment of simple 1‐oxa‐3,5‐diazinium salts 2 with primary and secondary di‐ and triamines offers a convenient pathway for the synthesis of bis‐ and tris(armed) oligonitriles 4 , 5 and 7 . 2,6‐Diaminopyridine furnishes the new pincer‐type ligand 6 upon reaction with 1‐oxa‐3,5‐diazinium salt 2a . Multivalent oligonitriles 4 , 6 , 7 and 8 containing secondary amino groups are able to form intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the solid state as detected by X‐ray crystallography. The oligonitriles 3a , b , 4b , d , h , 6 and 7a form coordination complexes with various Zn II , Cu II , Co II , Ni II and Pd II salts acting as bidentate ligands to give six‐membered chelates of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:2 ligand/metal ion ratios. More complex structures are obtained from pincer ligand 6 with PdCl 2 [compound 6·(PdCl 2 ) 2 ] and from the tridentate ligand 7a in reactions with Ni(ClO 4 ) 2 (compound 9 ). All new complexes were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)