jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bartonella Strains from Ground Squirrels Are Identical to Bartonella washoensis Isolated from a Human Patient

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in Washoe County, Nev., was identified by comparison of DNA sequences of three genes (citrate synthase gltA , 60-kDa heat shock protein gene groEL , and 16S rRNA gene) of Bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of Bartonella isolates obtained from the following Nevada rodents: Peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), Tamias minimus (11 isolates), Spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and Spermophilus beecheyi (7 isolates). Sequence analyses of gltA amplicons obtained from Bartonella from the rodents demonstrated considerable heterogeneity and resulted in the identification of 16 genetic variants that were clustered within three groups in phylogenetic analysis. Each of the three groups was associated with a rodent genus, Peromyscus , Tamias, or Spermophilus. The gltA , 16S rRNA gene, and groEL sequences of a Bartonella isolate obtained from a California ground squirrel ( S. beecheyi ) were completely identical to homologous sequences of B. washoensis , strongly suggesting that these animals were the source of infection in the human case.
Correlation-enhanced Dynamic Graph Learning for Temporal Link Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Temporal networks represent the evolving complex systems by regarding the contained elements as nodes and their connections as edges, respectively, which are both time-varying. Link prediction on temporal networks is an essential problem in real-world applications, which aims to forecast the evolution of temporal networks by predicting the future links to appear. However, existing methods generally focus on modeling the individual historical temporal features of source node and target node, while neglecting the complex correlations between them, thus leading to the suboptimal performance. In this paper, we propose a Correlation-enhanced Dynamic Graph learning (CoDyG) method to simultaneously take the individual features of source/target nodes and their correlations into consideration. Specifically, we achieve this by (1) introducing a co-attention network in the source/target node representation learning and (2) designing a temporal difference encoding strategy to model the temporal correlations between source/target nodes. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two widely adopted real-world temporal network datasets demonstrate that our proposed CoDyG can achieve the state-of-the-art performance in terms of the Average Precision (AP) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) metrics on the temporal link prediction task.
TYPOLOGY OF WELFARE STATE, QUALITY OF INSTITUTIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS IN POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The change in the views on the welfare state, which ceases to be associated only with the scale of social transfers, redistribution, or extension of the perimeters of market process regulation, has been researched, and is increasingly perceived in new coordinates: «quality of institutions and effective governance – inclusiveness – environmental factors of well-being. The theoretical explication of correspondence between the «state scale» and the efficiency of the government (taking into account the problem of ensuring a high-quality ecology) is proposed, on the basis of which it is concluded that welfare becomes a derivative of the institutionalchoice. For example, in a number of post-socialist countries using statistical data that characterizes the ecological state, governance efficiency and public finances, there is a direct correlation between the first two indicators. At the same time, the high probability of mutual influence of the efficiency of public administration and the share of public finances on the country ecological state is not denied. Such results clarify the understanding of the supply of public goods as such, the demand for which has only rich countries.
A Theological Response to ‘The Case for a Pre-emptive Strike’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his article, ‘Saddam Hussein, Islam, and Just War Theory: The Case for a Pre-emptive Strike’, Stephen Strehle argues that pre-emptive strikes are necessary when national survival is at stake, and suggests that this is precisely the case in the world today. Further, he depends on a model of church/state relations that encourages the church to passively submit to the authority of the state, and remain silent in matters of criticism. Finally, he assumes throughout his argument that Christian and Western values are both superior and desirable for peoples throughout the world. These three themes will be challenged in this theological response that suggests that it is the duty of free people to question their leaders, it is the responsibility of the church to challenge the state, and it is the challenge of social privilege to empower other peoples.
Growth from the Centre in an Umbilicate Lichen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pustules on the surface of the umbilicate lichen Lasallia pustulata are moved away from the centre and towards the thallus margins with an average speed of 1.8 mm per year, revealing a growth pattern organized radially and flowing from the centre of the thallus. Pustules close to the margin move substantially faster than those close to the centre; for each 10 mm added to the initial distance from the centre, the speed of outward movement is about doubled. This suggests that intercalary growth over the entire thallus is displaced outwards in an accumulating manner, accelerating the pustules. Moving away from the centre the pustules expand, often collapse in the middle, and mature by developing isidia. In the less active (senescent ?) margins the pustules are eroded away and the supplementary intercalary growth seems insufficient to keep the outflowing thallus intact. Thus the margins are disrupted into irregular lobes.
Case Report: Reconstruction of the Lower Lip using the Karapandzic Flap

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is a common malignant tumor originating from oral cancer. However, unlike other areas, the lips hold significant functional and aesthetic importance as a part of the face. As a result, a tailored approach based on the tumor's size, type, and location is essential. The Karapandzic flap is especially suitable for reconstructing lesions located on the lip, particularly when the size of the cancer is large and other surgical treatments like free flaps are not feasible. It allows for extensive resection beyond the size of the lower lip. In this case, considering the patient's overall condition, successful reconstruction of the lower lip was achieved using the Karapandzic flap.
Population-based study of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Gastric cancer remains a common cancer with a poor prognosis. Improving trends seen in Japan have not yet been observed in Western countries. Methods A population-based series of 1329 patients with gastric cancer diagnosed over an 18-year period in CBte d'Or, France, was used to establish time trends in diagnostic strategy, treatment and prognosis. Results The use of endoscopy alone increased from 2·7 per cent in 1976–1978 to 76·6 per cent in 1991–1993 (P < 0·0001). This trend was associated at first with a significant decrease in the use of radiography alone, then by a significant decrease in the use of both radiography and endoscopy. The proportion of resections for cure increased from 37·9 per cent in 1976–1978 to 50·0 per cent in 1991–1993 (mean 3-year variation +5·8 per cent, P < 0·01). The proportion of cases confined to the gastric wall increased from 6·1 to 11·7 per cent (mean 3-year variation +13·1 per cent, P < 0·01), while the proportion of other stages remained stable. The operative mortality rate decreased dramatically from 25·6 per cent in 1976–1978 to 13·6 per cent in 1991–1993 (P < 0·001) and the 5-year relative survival rate rose from 12·8 per cent in 1976–1978 to 26·4 per cent in 1988–1990 (P < 0·001). Conclusion This study has demonstrated that improvements in the care of patients with gastric cancer have been achieved, but that further progress may be made.
Successful Treatment with Clonazepam and Pramipexole of a Patient with Sleep-Related Eating Disorder Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of involuntary eating during sleep period and is often associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Although pharmacotherapy is recommended for SRED patients, no drug have shown promising effects so far. The patient, a 48-year-old Japanese housewife, first visited our clinic and complained about nighttime eating. She had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea syndrome, and depression. Insomnia appeared 10 years before the first visit and she often received hypnosedatives; at the same time, she developed nocturnal eating episodes. She had amnesia for these episodes, and she felt urge to move her legs while sleeping. The patient was diagnosed with SRED and RLS. Reduction in the doses of triazolam decreased her nighttime eating frequency, and her complete amnesia changed to vague recall of eating during night. Clonazepam 1.0 mg at bedtime decreased nocturnal eating frequency from 1 to 2 times per month, though sleepwalking remained. Administration of pramipexole 0.125 mg relieved all symptoms including SRED, RLS, and sleepwalking. This is the first paper to report that the combination of clonazepam and pramipexole therapy-reduced SRED episodes and RLS symptoms.
A Kantian Reading of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: the Philosophical Basis and Advantages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I defend an interpretation of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā which takes it to be attempting to undermine all existential judgments. I then argue that introducing the Kantian idea of categories to the text’s methodology provides it significant systemic support. Kant’s metaphysical views are clearly distinguished from Nāgārjuna’s.
A Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effect of Sub-Lingual Immunotherapy with Multiple Allergens in Allergic Bronchial Asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Sub-lingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been introduced as a disease modifying agent for allergic bronchial asthma in many countries and currently practicing in India. Aims: To assess the outcome of adding multiple-allergen sublingual immunotherapy with rescue medicines in patients having allergic bronchial asthma and to document adverse events, if any. Settings and Design: This was a clinic-based prospective quasiexperimental study. Methods and Material: Patients giving consent to receive multiple-allergen SLIT and rescue medicines formed the experimental group (Group A) while patients who did not give consent to SLIT but wished to have only rescue medicines formed the comparison group (Group B). Follow-up was done up to three years. Initially 703 patients were in Group A and 313 in Group B. However, around 647 patients in Group A and 282 in Group B completed the study for three years. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired t- test was used to compare the difference between the mean symptom and medication scores in Group A and Group B, before intervention and at the end of the study. Paired t- test was applied to compare the mean scores before and after intervention for each group separately. Results: Mean symptom scores of the two groups did not vary significantly before intervention but found to be significant at the end third year [8.60 (SD 3.92) v 14.73 (SD 4.42), P<0.001). In both groups mean symptom scores decreased from the baseline but it differed significantly in Group A only [15.46 (SD 4.88) v 8.60 (SD 3.92), P<0.001]. The mean medication scores between the two groups also differed significantly at the end of the third year [1.60 (SD 0.31) v 2.98 (SD 0.44), P<0.001)]. The scores also decreased in both the groups from the baseline, but significantly only in Group A [3.10 (SD 0.50) v 1.60 (SD 0.31), P<0.001]. Around 6.4% (45/703) patients receiving SLIT complained of mouth and throat irritation and about 3.7% (26/703) complained of mild vomiting. It can be concluded that long term sub-lingual immunotherapy in addition to rescue medicines significantly improves both symptom and medication scores with a high degree of safety.
Programming with communicating nondeterministic logic objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Object-oriented logic programming (OOLP) is a hybrid of object-orientation and logic programming paradigms. In this paper, we present a new object-oriented logic programming language P&P. P&P supports programming with communicating nondeterministic objects and stream parallelism for communication among objects. Intuitively, each object has a Parlog 'shell' with Prolog 'contents'. One concern in our design is to integrate Prolog's backtracking, sequential search with Parlog's concurrent execution. Hence P&P supports committed inter-object message passing via the Parlog 'shell' of the objects. Also, object-oriented features are added to provide encapsulation and code reuse.
The screen for video image analysis of sound wave - Movie "Suspicion" around-

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 논문은 영상 스크린에 나타나는 이미지와 사운드간의 어떤 연관성이 있는지에 대한 목적으로, 등장인물과 배경 그리고 사물들의 디자인적 조합과 비례, 화면 전환 등 영상이 말하고자 하는 다른 각도에서의 메시지는 무엇인지와 구조적 입장에서의 영상물에 대한 사운드 파장을 통한 화면 분석에 대한 내용을 담고 있다. 그 예로, 영화, 알프레드 히치콕 감독의 ‘서스픽션(Suspicion)"의 사례를 들어, 사운드 파장 공식을 이용하여 고음과 저음으로 나누어 고음부분과 저음부분을 명확히 분석하여 각 부분의 사운드 파장과 영상화면 속 인물의 분포 변화와 화면 전환의 흐름을 이야기 하고 있다. 결과적으로, 사운드 고음부의 영역에서는 등장인물과 배경을 포함하여 잦은 화면전환과 빠른 화면전환으로 변화하고, 저음부에서는 화면의 전환이 적게 안정적으로 이루어지는 것을 관찰하게 된다. 결국, 사운드 파장에 따른 화면을 전환한다는 것을 알 수 있고, 하나의 영상 이미지를 이해하고 편집함에 있어서 사운드의 위치는 보여 지는 영상에 맞는 순차적, 관념적 접근의 처리 보다는 구조적 관점에서의 사운드 파장과 영상의 전환 관계, 그리도 등장하는 인물, 배경 그리고 시간의 시점의 화면 바라보기도 필요하다는 것이다.
Mutations which affect the inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A by simian virus 40 small-t antigen in vitro decrease viral transformation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three independent point mutations within residues 97 to 103 of the simian virus 40-small-t antigen (small-t) greatly reduced the ability of purified small-t to inhibit protein phosphatase 2A in vitro. These mutations affected the interaction of small-t antigen with the protein phosphatase 2A A subunit translated in vitro, and a peptide from the region identified by these mutations released the A subunit from immune complexes. When introduced into virus, the mutations eliminated the ability of small-t to enhance viral transformation of growth-arrested rat F111 cells. In contrast, the mutant small-t antigens were unimpaired in the transactivation of the adenovirus E2 promoter, an activity which was reduced by a double mutation in small-t residues 43 and 45.
Security protection of neighborhood area networks in smart grid systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the smart grid technologies come into practice, the wireless mesh networks with EMSA security protocols are fast developing to keep pace of the next generation electricity grid system. The EMSA security protocols provide security guarantee for the communication process in wireless mesh networks. EMSA was first proposed in IEEE 802.11s standard in July, 2011. Since then, several strategies and algorithms were put forward to improve the performance of EMSA security protocols. One of these is the dynamic updating key strategy raised by Junguo Liao and Mingyan Wang. Although this proposal improved the efficiency performance of the EMSA security protocol, it still has the problem of lack of protection mechanism. In the project, we analyze the threats and attacks in the dynamic key updating strategy based on EMSA and make some modification for it, in order to make it perform better under high attack probability situation. In the end, we use the CSP module in PAT to verify the security protocol and simulate it in MATLAB.
How Teachers’ Teaching Experience Improves Preschoolers’ Writing Skills: Approach and Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Writing skill is an important area of communication and fine motor development in kindergarten (Keifer, 2015). The purpose of this study is to identify the best approaches used by experienced teachers in improving preschoolers' writing skills. Previous studies on children’s early writing skills were done the effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on early writing performance and it doesn’t focus on the experience of anyone. Therefore, the current study is focused on how the experience of teachers helps preschoolers to improve their writing skills. Moreover, this research also identifies how teachers assess preschoolers’ writing skills. Six experienced preschool teachers were interviewed in this research and an online observation was conducted. Few approaches used by experienced teachers in improving preschoolers writing skills were identified in this research including learning through play; verbal encouragement; parental guidance; and in-line writing. Two methods of assessment that were used by the teachers in assessing children’s writing are via observation and using the checklist.
NEW SILICONE RESIN FILM FORMERS FOR LONGER WEAR AND ENHANCED COMFORT

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Trimethylsiloxysilicate (MQ type) and silsesquioxane (T type) silicone resins are recognized for their nontransfer and wash-off resistance properties. Two new silicone resins have been developed.  A blend of trimethylsiloxysilicate and propyl silsesquioxane, with excellent wash-off and nontransfer properties, improved flexibility for more comfortable wear in foundations and lipsticks, and improved rub-off resistance.  A concentrated propyl silsesquioxane resin in an organic carrier; presence of a propyl vs. methyl group improves compatibility for expanded formulating options, especially where high resin content and volatility are needed.
Boron Fertilization and Evaluation of Four Soil Extractants: Russet Burbank Potato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yield‐response correlations with old and improved soil extraction methods for boron (B) are needed. Russet Burbank potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was grown with two, four, and six B treatments applied in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Zero and 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg B ha−1 soil and 0.22 or 0.28 kg B ha−1 foliar treatments were applied. Boron fertilization did not significantly increase tuber yield or quality despite initially low hot‐water‐extractable B (0.34–0.50 mg kg−1), although postseason B for unfertilized treatments increased (0.51–0.57 mg kg−1). Soil‐applied B generally reflected B application relative to the untreated control and the low foliar rates in all three years for the four soil extractions utilized [hot water, pressurized hot water, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–sorbitol, and Mehlich III]. Boron content of potato petiole did reflect application of B in 2 years, but tuber and peel tissues did not consistently reflect application of B.
Lossy audio signal compression via structured sparse decomposition and compressed sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a method for lossy audio signal compression via structured sparse decomposition and compressed sensing (CS). In this method, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is employed to sparse and structured decompose the audio signals into tonal and transient layers, and then, both resulting layers are compressed by a CS method. By employing a new penalty term, which takes advantage of the structure information of transform coefficients, the LASSO is able to achieve a better sparse approximation of the audio signal than traditional methods do. In addition, we propose a sparsity allocation algorithm, which adjusts the sparsity between the two resulting layers, thus improving the performance of CS. Experimental results showed that the new method provided a better compression performance than conventional methods did.
Solvolysis of 2-substituted-9-(otrho-substituted phenylmethyl)fluoren-9-yltrimethylammonium ions in various solvents. The effect of steric crowding on alkene formation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The solvolytic reaction of several 9-(ortho-substituted phenylmethyl)fluoren-9-yltrimethylammonium salts has been investigated in several different solvents. Substitution and elimination products were found for the reactions in all the solvents studied, with the exceptions that reaction in both tert-butyl alcohol and chloroform led exclusively to the alkene product. The observed rate constants for alkene formation and the percent alkene were measured and it was found that the di-ortho compounds reacted at a faster rate but produced less alkene than the reaction of the corresponding mono-ortho salts. Hydrogen–deuterium isotope effects were also determined for the various reactions. The results are discussed in terms of the reaction proceeding by way of the E1 mechanism, where steric acceleration promotes the loss of the bulky ammonium leaving group to give the carbocation intermediate.
Enabling Communication for Locked-in Syndrome Patients using Deep Learning and an Emoji-based Brain Computer Interface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Locked-in syndrome describes a condition in which patients are incapable of speaking or moving, although they do retain their cognitive capabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel Brain Computer Interface design using a versatile emoji-based symbol display and a deep learning solution to enable these patients to communicate using recordings obtained through electroencephalography (EEG). EEG signals are converted into images representing their spatiotemporal characteristics. Images are then classified using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize the intended emoji symbol. A prototype of the proposed system was tested on five healthy volunteers, showing significant improvement in the recognition rate when compared to the classic LDA classifier.
A comparison of analytical VaR methodologies for portfolios that include options

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is the main objective of this paper to compare different approaches to analytically calculate value-at-risk (VaR) for portfolios that include options. We focus on approaches that are based on a second order Taylor-series approximation of the nonlinear option pricing relationship. The main difficulty common to all these methods is the estimation of the required quantile of the profit and loss distribution, since there exists no analytical representation of this distribution. In our analysis we examine different moment matching approaches and methods to directly approximate the required quantile. For this purpose, we perform a backtesting procedure based on randomly generated risk factor returns which are multivariate normal. The VaR-numbers calculated by a specific methodology are then compared to the simulated actual losses. We conclude that the accuracy of methodologies that rely only on the first four moments of the profit and loss distribution is rather poor. The inclusion of higher moments, e.g. through a Cornish-Fisher expansion seems to be appropriate. In addition, we find that an approximation of the profit and loss distribution by a normal distribution might be appropriate in some cases even for correlated risk factors.