jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Failure analysis on 12cr1mov steel tube of high temperature reheater for 600 mw subcritical boiler

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A 600 MW subcritical boiler high temperature reheater tube of 12Cr1MoV steel leaks after running for 11×10 4 h. Failure Analysis of the high temperature reheater is studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), etc. The results show that under long-term service at high temperature, the alloy elements have been depleted in the matrix. The oxidation layer of the inner wall is too thick, and the micro-structure is degraded obviously. Many creep cavities and micro-cracks appear in the fire-facing side of the elbow. The micro-cracks extending along the grain boundaries are filled with oxide. In conclusion, the degradation of the microstructure caused by long term overheat is the main reason for the failure of 12Cr1MoV reheater tube, and the creep cracking causes the leak.
Performance-Based Funding of Higher Education: the First Ukrainian Experiences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article investigates the global approach to comprehending the concept of performance-based funding (PBF) of higher education. The authors briefly describe the history and the variety of existing PBF models across the globe and determine core differences between them. The article also characterizes the modern Ukrainian public policy of implementing the performance-based funding of higher education and highlights both the relevant merits and of the national PBF model and priority issues of its further development.
NOW YOU'RE TALKING MY LANGUAGE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: CHU BERRY and his STOMPY STEVEDORES; Chu Berry; Buster Bailey; Lips Page; George Matthews; Cozy Cole; Horace Henderson; Israel Crosby; Lawrence Lucie; Lips Page Writer: Koehler; Mitchell; Stept Fox Trot; From "23 1-2 Hours' Leave"; Vocal by. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 375.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: M 293 Catalog number: VA 532 Other IDs from the record include: (M 293); 2-1
Study on the Effect of Nozzle Parameters on Annular Flow in Oil-Air Lubrication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the formation mechanism of two-phase flow in oil-air lubrication, the flow field of annular flow through the nozzle is simulated by the computational fluid dynamics software CFD. Study on the effect of different system parameters and structural parameters on the flow field of oil-air annular flow. According to the characteristics of oil-air lubrication, the optimum nozzle structure parameters are determined. Study on flow pattern change of oil-gas two-phase flow through nozzle in limited space and infinite space, analysis the flow field characteristics of oil and air two-phase flow after leaving the nozzle.
Dendritic differentiation of cerebellar Purkinje cells is promoted by ryanodine receptors expressed by Purkinje and granule cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Cerebellar Purkinje cells have the most elaborate dendritic trees among neurons in the brain. We examined the roles of ryanodine receptor (RyR), an intracellular Ca 2+ release channel, in the dendrite formation of Purkinje cells using cerebellar cell cultures. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells express RyR1 and RyR2, whereas granule cells express RyR2. When ryanodine (10 µ M ), a blocker of RyR, was added to the culture medium, the elongation and branching of Purkinje cell dendrites were markedly inhibited. When we transferred small interfering RNA (siRNA) against RyR1 into Purkinje cells using single‐cell electroporation, dendritic branching but not elongation of the electroporated Purkinje cells was inhibited. On the other hand, transfection of RyR2 siRNA into granule cells also inhibited dendritic branching of Purkinje cells. Furthermore, ryanodine reduced the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the culture medium. The ryanodine‐induced inhibition of dendritic differentiation was partially rescued when BDNF was exogenously added to the culture medium in addition to ryanodine. Overall, these results suggest that RyRs expressed by both Purkinje and granule cells play important roles in promoting the dendritic differentiation of Purkinje cells and that RyR2 expressed by granule cells is involved in the secretion of BDNF from granule cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 467–480, 2014
Propeller and Dynamometer Testing of an Additive Manufactured Small Internal Combustion Engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div>As the advancement of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology persists, so will the expansion of its capabilities and applications. In particular, the automotive industry can benefit from the advantages provided by AM, such as flexibility in design and customized products. In this avenue, one potential application of AM is in internal combustion engines (ICEs). As a first step, this effort explores the feasibility of using AM to produce working ICE components for an air-cooled engine. The cylinder head and crankcase of an 11 cm<sup>3</sup> displacement volume Saito FG-11 engine were the components identified for metal AM. They were manufactured through Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LBPF) and post machined to achieve the necessary tolerances. Engine testing encompassed both propeller and dynamometer setups with corresponding data collection to measure and compare engine performance. Each engine was monitored at the same specific set points during operation for speed, torque, temperatures, pressures, airflow, and mass flow rate of fuel. The results show that the performance parameters of the AM engine were marginally degraded with produced torques of 0.05-0.10 N⋅m (7-14%) lower for dynamometer testing, and wide-open throttle engine speeds that were 500-700 rpm (6-13%) slower during propeller testing. Despite these diminished outputs, the AM engine was operable and ran without failure or damage for over 3.5 hours during testing. The major influencers behind the reduced performance were hypothesized to be either variations in assembly or increased friction from an insufficient hypereutectic honing procedure. Overall, the AM process was not considered a cause of the diminished output, thus highlighting the potential of AM for major ICE parts.</div>
The Zebrafish G12 Gene is required for Nuclear Positioning and Cell Migrations during Early Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

After fertilization Zebrafish embryos undergo synchronous cleavage to form a blastula of cells sitting upon a single multinucleate yolk cell. At the beginning of gastrulation these cells undergo extensive cell migrations to form the major body axes. We have discovered a gene, G12, which is required for cell migrations and positioning of nuclei in the large syncytial yolk cell. Overexpression of a G12-GFP fusion protein is not toxic and shows that the protein localizes inside the yolk cell to the yolk nuclei, microtubules, and to the margin between the blastomeres and the large yolk cell. Morpholino (MO) injection into the 1-cell embryo or into just the yolk syncytium conipletely inhibits cell migrations, doming of the yolk cell, and positioning of nuclei around the margin. This effect can be partially rescued by injection of G12-GFP encoding RNA. Given the known role of microtubules in nuclear positioning of yolk nuclei in Zebrafish, we investigated the microtubules in morpholiiio injected and rescued embryos. We find that microtubules are sparse and disorganized in MO-injected embryos and are restored to normal organization upon G12-GFP rescue. G12 plays a pivotal role in organization of inicrotubules during early development. G12 is highly conserved in vertebrates and two homologues exist in the human genome. One of the human hoinologues is amplified in aggressive breast tumors.
Radiological approach for early diagnosis of liver parenchymal disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diffuse liver parenchymal disease (LPD) encompasses a wide range of liver disorders characterized by extensive involvement of liver tissue, often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection and accurate assessment of these diseases are crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of various imaging modalities in the early detection and monitoring of diffuse LPDs, specifically focusing on non-invasive techniques such as ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and Fibroscan. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 362 patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi. Patients underwent standardized imaging protocols, including US, CT, and Fibroscan, along with laboratory tests to confirm liver function abnormalities. Imaging findings were correlated with clinical and laboratory data to assess diagnostic accuracy and efficacy. Results: The study found that ultrasound, elastography, and CT provide a reliable, non-invasive method for assessing diffuse LPD at the early stage ultrasound along with Fibroscan and CT both have comparable diagnostic capabilities in assessing diffuse LPD. Ultrasound and Fibroscan being non-invasive and radiation-free should be used as initial investigations whereas CT further contributes to the detailed characterization of liver parenchyma. Integration of these imaging modalities significantly enhanced early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Conclusion: Integrating advanced imaging modalities, especially elastography, into routine diagnostic protocols for diffuse LPDs enables early detection and effective management. Non-invasive techniques such as US and CT improve patient outcomes by allowing timely intervention and continuous monitoring of disease progression, thus reducing the need for invasive procedures such as liver biopsy.
512-Channel Geometric Droplet-Splitting Microfluidic Device by Injection of Premixed Emulsion for Microsphere Production

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a 512-channel geometric droplet-splitting microfluidic device that involves the injection of a premixed emulsion for microsphere production. The presented microfluidic device was fabricated using conventional photolithography and polydimethylsiloxane casting. The fabricated microfluidic device consisted of 512 channels with 256 T-junctions in the last branch. Five hundred and twelve microdroplets with a narrow size distribution were produced from a single liquid droplet. The diameter and size distribution of prepared micro water droplets were 35.29 µm and 8.8% at 10 mL/h, respectively. Moreover, we attempted to prepare biocompatible microspheres for demonstrating the presented approach. The diameter and size distribution of the prepared poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres were 6.56 µm and 8.66% at 10 mL/h, respectively. To improve the monodispersity of the microspheres, we designed an additional post array part in the 512-channel geometric droplet-splitting microfluidic device. The monodispersity of the microdroplets prepared with the microfluidic device combined with the post array part exhibited a significant improvement.
Toxicity of nitrazepam in the elderly: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1 To assess the potential hazards of nitrazepam therapy of insomnia in the elderly, adverse reactions to nitrazepam were studied in 2111 hospitalized medical patients who received the drug. 2 Manifestations of unwanted central nervous system (CNS) depression (such as drowsiness or 'hangover') were reported in 49 nitrazepam recipients (2.3%), and signs of unwanted CNS stimulation (such as nightmares, insomnia, agitation, etc.) in 15 (0.7%). None of the adverse reactions were considered serious. 3 Physician‐rated clinical efficacy of nitrazepam was not related to dose, but the frequency of both types of adverse reactions increased significantly at higher daily doses. CNS depression also was significantly more frequent in the elderly, being reported in 11% of those aged 80 years or older, whereas the frequency of CNS stimulation was not correlated with age. 4 The effect of age on the reported rate of unwanted CNS depression was most striking at high doses. Among patients aged 80 years or over whose daily dose averaged 10 mg or more, 55% experienced unwanted CNS depression attributed to nitrazepam. 5 Low doses of nitrazepam are safe for elderly individuals, but the elderly are readily susceptible to excessive CNS depression at high doses. The findings suggest that there is little reason to exceed 5mg doses of nitrazepam for most patients, particularly those who are elderly.
HEALTH, WELL-BEING AND SUSTAINABLE HOUSING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustainability of the built environment is an increasingly prominent concern in academic and policy discussions in the UK and EU. Initiatives such as the Code for Sustainable Homes in the UK have been developed to aid integration of sustainability principles into housing developments. Primary focus in this field has been largely on environmental sustainability (particularly energy efficiency) with less attention paid to social and economic factors. This article argues that health and well-being issues need greater consideration within current sustainable housing policy and developments. Three key reasons are presented in support of this argument: (i) Creation of greater market demand; public demand for sustainable buildings could be enhanced through greater promotion of the health and well-being benefits of sustainable housing: (ii) Time-scales; given the longevity of buildings, health considerations should be of paramount importance to avoid any possible future adverse effects: (iii) Indirect societal benefits; enhanced health and well-being can lead to wider societal and economic benefits such as lower healthcare costs. The paper then presents some of the seminal findings from health and housing literature review, outlining how these can be used to enhance sustainable housing policy and developments. The paper concludes by presenting the next stages of research.
K-Space Based Free-Breathing Abdominal Water/Fat Separation and Simultaneous R2* Estimation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemical shift based water/fat separation techniques require multiecho data acquired at different echo times (TEs) to reconstruct a water-only image and a fat-only image, which prolongs the acquisition time inherently. However, conventional abdominal imaging with Cartesian sampling is generally performed during breath-holding to avoid respiratory motion artifact, so the achievable resolution and anatomic coverage of abdominal water/fat separation are limited with typical scan duration of 15-20 sec. This work presents a method for free-breathing abdominal water/fat separation to eliminate the scan time limit and the requirement on patient compliance. To achieve this, the motion-robust radial stack-of-stars 3D gradient echo sequence is used for multiecho acquisition. Different from conventional image based water/fat separation, k-space based water/fat separation which is more suitable for non-Cartesian sampling is used in this work. Chemical shift artifact correction is achieved by modeling the phase accumulation along readout direction in k-space caused by the off-resonance of fat. By modifying the notion of "field map" into "complex field map", simultaneous R2* estimation is also achieved. Phantom study demonstrates the feasibility of R2* estimation by comparison with the result of T2*-IDEAL method. Results of preliminary in vivo study on healthy volunteers including thigh, knee and abdominal imaging are also shown.
Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from the Diaphragma of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) on Spatial Memory of the Aged-model Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Flavonoids from the diaphragma of walnut has good antioxidant capacity.In this study, the D-galactose induced aging mice were gavaged by flavonoids extracted from walnuts diaphragm with three different doses (low, medium and high).Results showed that D-galactose can reduce the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the brain, however, compared with the model groups, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the brain was significantly increased in the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group, especially the content of EPA and DHA, which can inhibit the aging of mice.The biopsy of brain tissue showed that the diaphragma of walnut have some protective effects on brain tissue.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Sources on Growth, Yield and Seed Quality Parameters in Onion under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Selecting the appropriate nitrogen source for onion cultivation requires alignment with specific production objectives. To improve seed yield and quality of onion, a study was conducted in 2020-2021 at Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP), using nine treatments with varying nitrogen sources (CAN, urea and calcium nitrate) in RCBD with three replications. Treatment Trt1 in which 100% N (147.5 g/plot)was applied as CAN showed superior vegetative growth, early bolting (91.33 days), highest umbel size (7.43 cm), seeds per umbel (1143.80), and seed quality traits such as germination (91.50%), seedling vigour and lowest electrical conductivity (0.109 dS m⁻¹). However, Treatment Trt5 (75% CAN + 25% calcium nitrate) excelled in leaf length and seed yield (766.52 kg ha⁻¹). Both Trt1 and Trt5 showed high nitrogen use efficiency and residual soil nitrogen. Moreover, T1 recorded the highest benefit-cost ratio (3.53), making it the most effective nitrogen source for enhancing onion seed yield and quality under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
Amyloid deposits in the periarticular tissue.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Periarticular and peritendinous tissue was investigated in cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome for the appearance of amyloid deposits. In rheumatoid arthritis no amyloid was present. In 7.8% of the cases with osteoarthritis and in 8% of the cases with carpal tunnel syndrome amyloid was present. These amyloid desposits were present essentially in old patients and since no further clinical symptoms of systemic amyloidosis were reported, these deposits are regarded as an age related phenomenon without clinical relevance.
MODELING AND LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR SILICON-BASED SYMMETRICAL SPIRAL INDUCTORS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A scalable and highly accurate RF symmetrical inductor model (with model error of less than 5%) has been developed from more than 100 test structures, enabling device performance versus layout size trade-offs and optimization up to 10 GHz.Large conductor width designs are found to yield good performance for inductors with small inductance values.However, as inductance or frequency increases, interactions between metallization resistive and substrate losses render the use of large widths unfavorable as they consume silicon area and degrade device performance.These findings are particularly important when exploiting the cost-effective silicon-based RF technologies for applications with operating frequencies greater than 2.5 GHz.
“Humour Wholesalers”? Laurence Marks and Maurice Gran’s Anglo-Jewish Television Comedy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter demonstrates the existence of a notable strain of Jewish humor in Britain by focusing on the work of television writing and production team, Laurence Marks and Maurice Gran. Marks and Gran first established themselves as sitcom writers with the seriesHolding the Fort (about a working mother and a stay-at-home father of a baby), which ran for twenty episodes from 1980–2. Their success with this show led them to excavate their Jewish backgrounds for their next series, Roots, which Marks admits was a major flop. Their most successful television series Birds of a Feather (shown on BBC1 from 1989 to 1998, and revived for ITV in 2014), features a female Jewish character whose all-devouring sexuality was a hallmark of the show.
Porous-Si-based bioreactors for glucose monitoring and drugs production

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Biosensors are a very useful tool to produce drugs or to monitor chemical species through their product of reaction. The sensor is fabricated bounding on its surface specific enzymes that can accomplish the synthesis function. We studied the possibility to fabricate Si-based micro-biosensors to detect glucose in water solutions. We used porous Si (PS) as surface to bound the glucose oxidase enzyme. We ideated an fabricated a novel biosensor structure based on a PS membrane that can be used for glucose monitoring and for drug production, by properly choosing the enzyme to immobilize in the reactor. The fabrication details of the structure, having a suspended and auto-supporting PS membrane, through surface micromachining processes, ULSI compatible, are shown. Micro channels localised below the membrane will allow the buffer solution flow through the porous matrix. Moreover, in this work we acquired the know-how on the enzyme manipulation, bonding and detection on Si-based surfaces. The glucose oxidase was deposited in PS, on bulk Si and on glass to perform photoluminescence, absorbance and optical microscopy measurements.
Surgical treatment of snapping proximal hamstring tendon syndrome: the resolution of snapping and excellent patient satisfaction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Snapping proximal hamstring is an uncommon phenomenon, with few case reports documenting surgical treatment. The purpose of this study is to report snapping resolution, minimum 2-year post-operative patient-reported outcome (PRO), satisfaction scores and complications from patients who underwent surgical release of the conjoint tendon from the sacrotuberous ligament with reattachment to the ischial tuberosity. Prospectively collected data from two institutional databases were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent hamstring repair for partial- or full-thickness tears. Patients were included if they demonstrated ‘snapping proximal hamstrings’ on preoperative physical examination, including ultrasound confirmation, and repair subsequently performed. Patients were excluded if they had reconstruction of the proximal hamstring tendon or claimed worker’s compensation. With a total of 20 patients (15 females and 5 males), successful resolution of snapping was reported in 100% of the cohort. For patients with pre- and post-surgical lower-extremity functional scores (LEFS), post-surgical LEFS were significantly higher than pre-surgical LEFS (pre-surgical: 17.0 ± 4.0, post-surgical: 73.6 ± 3.3, P &lt; 0.001). Average post-operative PROs were as follows: International Hip Outcome Tool-12, 92.3 ± 8.3; modified Harris Hip Score, 93.2 ± 7.8; Non-arthritic Hip Score, 92.5 ± 6.8; Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale, 94.4 ± 6.7; LEFS, 73.9 ± 3.4; and median visual analog scale of 0 with an interquartile range of 0-1. Patient satisfaction was ‘very satisfied’ in 19 (95%) patients and ‘satisfied’ in 1 (5%) patient. At a minimum 2-year follow-up, patients who underwent surgical treatment for chronic snapping of the proximal hamstrings demonstrated complete resolution of painful posterior snapping, reported high PROs and satisfaction, and had no reported post-operative complications.