jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Separating latent and acute TB

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In theory, immunodiagnosis should be able to discriminate between latent and acute TB, because the immunopathoogic nature of the disease means there must be significant differences in either the type and/or magnitude of immune response that develop. But so far we have not been able to pinpoint them. Our investigations of immune responses after infection suggest that in a substantial number of former TB patients, strong antigen recognition persists at least 20 years post-treatment without signs of recurrent illness. In addition, antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 memory T-cells could be detected for at least two years post-infection. In a study published in 2001, we found that healthy household contacts who responded most strongly to ESAT-6 were more likely to progress to disease in a short time, but others who showed changes in their X-rays (meaning that they had been infected and even developed some pathology) remained otherwise healthy. An important question is whether this group is representative of natural latent infection. If that is so, similar people should be detectable in the general population and so our team looked at ESAT-6 responses in community controls. We found that although the responses to ESAT-6 were lower overall in the general population, a substantial subgroup were strongly positive. Our team’s assumption is that these individuals have latent disease.

Given the results of our research, we have developed a model for analyzing latent TB infection. After initial exposure, two-thirds of the individuals exposed to TB do not apparently skin-test convert nor become ESAT-6 positive: if they have had an infection, early bacterial growth was presumably arrested fairly quickly. It is not possible to tell if they have latent TB because immunologically, they cannot be distinguished from uninfected individuals. Of the remaining individuals exposed, roughly five percent experience early bacterial growth that is not contained and, if not treated, progresses to clinical illness. In the remainder, subsequent bacterial growth is contained, symptoms abate, but latent infection is established and approximately two percent experience re-activation of the disease at a later time. The rest remain healthy, but have latent infection, which is discernible because immunologically these individuals tend to express elevated levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-4 and IL-482 and strongly recognize latency antigens. These individuals are the focus of intense study because they represent natural immunity in action.
Purtscher Retinopathy: An Alternative Etiology Supported by Computer Fluid Dynamic Simulations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computer simulation data, as well as review of the history and clinical findings of Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathy, present evidence that an additional etiology for Purtscher retinopathy may be a rheological event at a retinal posterior pole foci of vascular endothelial dysregulation, followed by downstream endothelin-induced vasculopathy.
The Western Australia Olfactory Memory Test: Reliability and Validity in a Sample of Older Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objective The Western Australia Olfactory Memory Test (WAOMT) is a newly developed test designed to meet a need for a comprehensive measure of olfactory episodic memory (OEM) for clinical and research applications. Method This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the WAOMT in a sample of 209 community-dwelling older adults. An independent sample of 27 test-naïve participants were recruited to assess test retest reliability (between 7 and 28 days). Scale psychometric properties were examined using item response theory methods, combined samples (final N = 241). Convergent validity was assessed by comparing performance on the WAOMT with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery of domains (verbal and visual episodic memory, and odor identification), as well as other neuropsychological skills. Based on previous literature, it was predicted that the WAOMT would be positively correlated with conceptually similar cognitive domains. Results The WAOMT is a psychometrically sound test with adequate reliability properties and demonstrated convergent validity with tests of verbal and episodic memory and smell identification. Patterns of performance highlight learning and memory characteristics unique to OEM (e.g., learning curves, cued and free recall). Conclusion Clinical and research implications include streamlining future versions of the WAOMT to ease patient and administrative burden, and the potential to reliably detect early neuropathological changes in healthy older adults with nonimpaired OEM abilities.
Role of the media in disasters and humanitarian crisis: proposals for a social function of journalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The media plays an important role in relation to public service. As a result, it faces a great need for information regulation, especially in relation to major events, such as disasters and humanitarian crises. The media, however, does appear committed to solving problems related to their coverage of highly sensitive topics and events. For this study, we analysed newsroom codes of conducts, stylebooks, and other tools of self-regulation, noting the absence of specific recommendations for properly following reporting etiquette in these types of scenarios. Furthermore, an additional study of documents from professional, academic and social organizations showed fragmented and unfocused recommendations for proper etiquette when reporting on sensitive situations. We used these fragments as a starting point to develop a compendium of proposals to help instill the social function of journalism when reporting on disasters and humanitarian crises.
Microbiological Profiles and Risk Exposures in Topside Production Systems of FPSOs in West Africa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Microbiological risk evaluation of topside systems of four floating production storage and offloading in West Africa was carried out over a period of four years. Field samples were taken, and DNA analyzed using next-generation sequencing technology to identify and classify the microbial population present on the facilities. Several classes of bacteria and archaea were sequenced and identified from the samples, including those that have been shown to play key roles in biofouling, microbiologically influenced corrosion and biogenic hydrogen sulphide generation in oil and gas production systems. The classic microbial population according to metabolic classes associated with oil and gas production systems were identified. The study found that of the 137 microbial genera identified, 45.3% were associated with biofouling, 29.9% with microbiologically influenced corrosion, 29.1% with a H2S/MIC risk and a 2.9% population did not have a clear link to any of these risks. There was at least 98% relative abundance of bacteria population in the samples from all FPSOs, implying a significant exposure to the risks posed by microbial growth and proliferation.
Synthesis of [Leu5]enkephalin using Fmoc-Amino Acid Chlorides/KOAt

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 001 Manuscript received 2 June 1997, revised 12 December 1997, accepted 6 May 1998 The coupling of Fmoc-amino acid chlorides can be mediated by the potassium salt of 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole. Thus the synthesis of [Leu5]enkephalin has been accomplished in good yield and purity.
Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is the first book of its kind to address the three perspectives that simulation engineers must master for successful military and defense related modeling: the operational view (what needs to be modeled); the conceptual view (how to do combat modeling); and the technical view (how to conduct distributed simulation). Through methods from the fields of operations research, computer science, and engineering, readers are guided through the history, current training practices, and modern methodology related to combat modeling and distributed simulation systems. … [Amazon.com]
Interpretation and implications of genotype by environment interactions in advanced stage sugarcane selection trials in central Queensland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data from 6 series of routine advanced stage selection trials were used to study genotype response across 'test' environments (locations and crop-years) for sugar yield in central Queensland. The objective was to determine whether genotype × environment (G × E) interactions are present for sugar yield in central Queensland and, if so, to interpret the nature of the interactions as well as determine their implications for the selection program. The relative magnitude of the G × E interaction components, namely genotype × location (G × L), genotype × crop-years (G × C), and genotype × location × crop-years (G × L × C), was studied using variance component analysis. In addition, environments were classified based on similarity with which they discriminate amongst genotypes (pattern analyses). The study revealed substantial G × E interactions for sugar yield. The magnitude of variance attributable to the second-order interaction effect, G × L × C, was higher than that of the first-order interaction effects, G × L and G × C, in a considerable number of cases. The pattern of genotypic response across environments was not consistent among the different series of trials. These results indicate that the major contributing factor or pattern underlying G × E interactions for sugar yield in central Queensland may be complex and unpredictable, making it difficult to effectively exploit G × E interactions in the breeding program. Based on logistics and resources, the current practice whereby a manageable number of genotypes (40–50) is evaluated in a subset of locations (3–4 out of 6 possible) for 2 crop-years, and only the elite ones are re-evaluated in further locations and crop-years, appears appropriate.
A167 ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE IN JORDAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Celiac disease has a profound impact on the daily lives of patients who are diagnosed with this chronic disease and affected by its myriad of clinical implications. Thus, health-related quality of life (HrQol) surveys proved invaluable in assessing children with this condition. Aims We aimed to assess HrQol of children with celiac disease in Jordan. In addition to the effect of gender, diet-restriction compliance compliance and the concomitant occurance of other chronic illnesses on the HrQol in our cohort. Methods A cross-sectional study of all children registered with the Celiac Disease Care Providers Society (CDPS) were asked to fill an online quality of life questionnaire. The Arabic version of the Kidscreen-52 questionnaire, with 10 domains was adopted. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and average T-scores across 10 health domains. Data was compared to previously published international norms.The sample was divided into four cohorts based on concomitant disorders, disease duration, adherence to gluten free diet (GFD), and growth issues. Independent sample t-tests, p-values, and Cohen's ds were determined for each cohort. Subcohorts were compared to each other. Results Out of 400 children registered with the society. 126(31.5%) patients responded. Male celiac patients performed worse in six health domains compared to the general population: moods and emotions, self-perception, bullying, psychological well-being, social support, and financial resources. The last three of which showed poorer performance in female celiacs too. Moods and emotions and self-perception were significantly worse in males with chronic disease and without GFD adherence. Females with growth issues performed worse in school environment and financial resources. Conclusions The study reveals a significant reduction in Hrqol in celiac patients compared to healthy individuals, a first in Jordan. This highlights the need for education initiatives for patients and physicians, as well as campaigns for national support for GFD. Further research is needed to identify other contributing factors and what interventions at community level should be taken. Funding Agencies None
Some composition parameters and quality on raw milk of dual purpose cows in the machiques county. Zulia State, Venezuela

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de etapa de lactacion, mestizaje, epoca del ano y numero de partos sobre la produccion de leche (PL), crioscopia (CR), pH, acidez titulable (AT), proteinas totales (PT) y caseinas (CA) en leche cruda de un rebano doble proposito. Se analizaron 926 muestras de leche del ordeno vespertino de un rebano mestizo doble proposito (Holstein, Pardo suizo, Cebu, Criollo y Mosaico) mantenidos en un sistema de explotacion semi-intensivo en Machiques, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Las vacas se agruparon de acuerdo al mestizaje (6 grupos), etapa de lactacion (1 a 90 dias, 91 a 180 dias y > de 181 dias) y numero de partos (1, 2, y 3 o mas partos). Fueron muestreadas durante el periodo de un ano abarcando dos epocas del ano (seca de noviembre a marzo y lluviosa de abril a octubre). Los datos fueron analizados a traves del paquete estadistico SAS, utilizando un analisis de varianza y probando las medias por el metodo de los minimos cuadrados, complementado con un analisis de correlacion de Pearson para las variables dependientes. Se obtuvieron medias generales para PL de 3,109 Kg, CR -0,541, pH 6,72, AT 17,60 mL de NaOH 0,1 N/100 mL de leche, PT 3,66% y CA 2,40%. Se observaron diferencias significativas (P 0,05) entre mestizajes y etapas de lactacion sobre todas las variables estudiadas, a diferencia de la epoca del ano que solo afecto a la CA, y el numero de partos que afecto a la PL, PT y CA. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre PL con CR, PT y CA, del pH con AT y la PT con CA. Se concluye que el mestizaje y la etapa de lactancia representan los factores que introducen mayor variabilidad en la calidad y composicion proteica de la leche en animales mestizos doble proposito.
Segal-Bargmann transforms of one-mode interacting Fock spaces associated with Gaussian and Poisson measures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let μg and μp denote the Gaussian and Poisson measures on ℝ, respectively. We show that there exists a unique measure μ̃g on C such that under the Segal-Bargmann transform Sμg the space L2(ℝ, μg) is isomorphic to the space HL2 (ℂ, μ̃g) of analytic L2-functions on ℂ with respect to μ̃g. We also introduce the Segal-Bargmann transform Sμp for the Poisson measure μp and prove the corresponding result. As a consequence, when μg and μp have the same variance, L2(ℝ, μg) and L2(ℝ, μp) are isomorphic to the same space HL2(ℂ,μ̃g) under the Sμg-and Sμp-transforms, respectively. However, we show that the multiplication operators by x on L2(ℝ,μg) and on L2(ℝ,μp) act quite differently on HL2(ℂ, μ̃g).
Hereditary Choreoathetosis, Self-Mutilation and Hyperuricemia in Young Males

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN 1964 Lesch and Nyhan1 described a syndrome in 2 young brothers, characterized by a nervous-system disorder dating from early infancy, a behavioral abnormality manifested by self-mutilation and a consistent elevation of the levels of uric acid in blood and urine. Single cases conforming to this syndrome had previously been reported by Catel and Schmidt2 and Riley,3 and, since the paper of Lesch and Nyhan, another report of the syndrome in a young boy has appeared.4 The present paper is concerned with a description of clinical, biochemical and genetic features in 2 further families with boys suffering from this syndrome. . . .
Autotematyczne przekazy informacyjne we współczesnych mediach – typy i funkcje

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to present the primary types of autothematic media information and its non-informative functions as well as the objects and methods of linguisyic valuation in the messages. Information about the reception of a media offering, information about rewards and successes of a medium, information about non-media undertakings of media broadcasters, and information about an offering were distinguished based on content analysis. By means of a semantic and pragmatic analysis of the expressions used, it was ascertained that the media broadcaster itself is rarely the object of valuation, whereas the events organised by the medium, messages included in its offering, the invited guests and recipients are eagerly granted positive valuations. The overarching value is the positive relationship between the medium and others, the valuation is normally overt and intensive, and the examined messages perform various kinds of promotional tasks. Keywords: information – media – autothematicism – function – self-promotion – self- -presentation
Tracking Attracting Lagrangian Coherent Structures in Flows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a collaborative control strategy designed to enable a team of robots to track attracting Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) and unstable manifolds in two-dimensional flows.Tracking LCS in dynamical systems is important for many applications such as planning energy optimal paths in the ocean and predicting various physical and biological processes in the ocean.Similar to existing approaches, the proposed strategy does not require global information about the dynamics of the surrounding flow, and is based on local sensing, prediction, and correction.Different from existing approaches, the proposed strategy has the ability to track attracting LCS and unstable manifolds in real time through direct computation of the local finite time Lyapunov exponent field.The collaborative control strategy is implemented on a team of robots and the theoretical guarantees of the tracking strategy is briefly discussed.We demonstrate the tracking strategy in simulation using static and time dependent flows and experimentally validate the strategy using a team of micro autonomous surface vehicles (mASVs) in an actual fluid environment.
Nursing care of patients on corticosteroid pulse therapy

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Intravenous pulse therapy with corticosteroidinvolves administration of high doses (starting from 1 g /day), givenon three or more consecutive days. Because of possible adverseeffects, it is recommended that patients stay at hospital duringadministration of pulse therapy. Monitoring of vital signs can earlyidentify these adverse effects and allow efficient interventionassuring patient’s safety. Uniform nursing care is necessaryconsidering the responsibility of the nursing team regarding drugadministration and follow-up of patients. Objective: To identifythe most important nursing care issues to inpatients undergoingcorticosteroid pulse therapy. Methods: Bibliographic searchin databases, books, articles in endocrinology, pharmacy andnursing journals; discussions with experts in neurology, transplantand pharmacy. Results: Side effects during corticosteroid pulsetherapy may occur as soon as infusion starts. An instrument wasdesigned to monitor such effects and systematize nursing care.Conclusions: Systematized nursing care during corticosteroidpulse therapy leads to early identification of possible complicationsand intervention to minimize them.
Developments towards a Multiscale Meshless Rolling Simulation System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of the present paper is to predict the grain size of steel during the hot-rolling process. The basis represents a macroscopic simulation system that can cope with temperatures, stresses and strains of steel in a complete continuous rolling mill, including reversible pre-rolling and finishing rolling with several tenths of rolling passes. The grain size models, newly introduced in the present paper, are one-way coupled to the macro-scale calculations performed with the slice model assumption. Macroscale solution is based on a novel radial basis function collocation method. This numerical method is truly meshless by involving the space discretization in arbitrarily distributed nodes without meshing. A new efficient node generation algorithm is implemented in the present paper and demonstrated for irregular domains of the slice as they appear in different rolling passes. Multiple grain size prediction models are considered. Grain size prediction models are based on empirical relations. Austenite grain size at each rolling pass as well as the ferrite grain size at the end of rolling are predicted in this simulation. It is also shown that based on the rolling schedule, it is highly likely that recrystallization takes place at each pass throughout a continuous rolling mill. The simulation system is coded as a user-friendly computer application for industrial use based on programming language C# and an open source developer platform NET and runs on regular personal computers the computational time for a typical rolling simulation is usually less than one hour and can thus be straightforwardly used to optimize the rolling mill design in a reasonable time.
2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one: Chemical Profile of a Versatile Synthetic Building Block and its Impact on the Development of Therapeutics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXT2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one: Chemical Profile of a Versatile Synthetic Building Block and its Impact on the Development of TherapeuticsRohit Singh and Robert Vince*View Author Information Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: (+1) 612-624-9911. Fax: (+1) 612-625-2633.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 8, 4642–4686Publication Date (Web):June 8, 2012Publication History Received26 December 2011Published online8 June 2012Published inissue 8 August 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr2004822https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2004822review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6343Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Molecular structure,Molecules,Nitrogen,Nucleic acids Get e-Alerts
Research on color-protection technique of preserved May thorn

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Different color-protection technique and composition,concentration of color fixatives had been studied.The results showed that the color stability of preserved May thorn was the best when May thorn was boiled for 3 minutes and immersed for 1 hour in the color fixatives,which was consisted of 300 mg/L L-cysteine,0.5% citric acid and 0.01% phytic acid.