jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Salmonella Hepatitis - A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Salmonella hepatitis is a rare complication of Typhoid fever in tropics. Typhoid fever is an infectious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The classical pattern of presentation is continuous fever with a “step ladder”rise, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and relative bradycardia. In a rare instance, Typhoid fever presented with the feature of acute hepatitis like hepatomegaly and deranged liver functions with hepatic encephalopathy. After taking proper informed consent,we have reported a young patient who presented with low-grade fever, diarrhea,and jaundice. Subsequently he was found to have acute salmonella hepatitis secondary to typhoid fever. Recognition of Salmonella hepatitis is of clinical importance as it can mimic acute viral hepatitis. Early institution of specific therapeutic intervention and supportive care improve the prognosis in these patients.
Identification and characterization of two new Gymnosporangium species causing rust on Juniperus rigida in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A serious Juniperus rigida rust disease was found in Gansu Province, China. The disease incidence is approximately 80-90%. We also found rust disease on both Cotoneaster multiflorus and Sorbus in the same location. Two novel Gymnosporangium species were identified from the infected plants. Based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses, we describe the two new taxa as G. gansuense and G. granulatosporum. We also determined their life cycles. Moreover, this study documented a novel aeciospore surface structure with two different surface types on one aeciospore. We describe it here as "granular."
Comparison of middle school, high school and community college students' Wiki activity in Globaloria-West Virginia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Constructionist-learning researchers have long emphasized the epistemological value of programming games for learning and cognition. This study reports student experiences in a program of game design and Web 2.0 learning offered to disadvantaged West Virginia middle, high school and community college students. Specifically, the poster presents findings on the extent of student use of the Wiki for project management, teamwork and self-presentation of game design attributes, comparing results across 13 school pilot locations. Also presented are students' self-reported recommendations for possible improvements to the wiki. Results indicate that some locations were more active in their wiki use; the poster addresses location-specific implementation context factors that may have played a role in the variant results.
Assessment of Correlation between Transcerebellar Diameter and Gestation Age in IUGR Pregnancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Accurate assessment of the gestational age is very critical in the management of IUGR cases and their associated complications. Present study was done with the objective to evaluate the Correlation between Transcerebellar Diameter and Gestation age in IUGR pregnancies. Materials and Methods: This Prospective Cross-sectional study was conducted on antenatal women of gestational age 15-40 weeks with IUGR pregnancies cases attending the antenatal clinic and admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, and sent to Department of Radiology KNSH M&C and IGMC Shimla for Antenatal USG Scan. In every patient TCD was measured. Data was analysed by appropriate statistical test using EPI INFO Version 7.2 software. Correlation coefficients were then used to compare TCD with Gestational age in IUGR pregnancies. Results: In this study 120 cases were studied out of which 20 were pregnancies with IUGR. Age distribution of IUGR pregnancies was 20 to 27 years with mean age of 22.6±2.14 years. Maximum number of patients 13(65%) was between 21-25 years followed by 16-20 years 4(20%). Youngest patient was 20 years old and the eldest was 27 years. Maximum number of patients 8(40%) was between 30-36 weeks and 36-42 weeks of gestation and least number of patients 1 (5%) were between 24-30 weeks. In third trimester of pregnancy it was observed that TCD shows strongest correlation with gestational age and shows a statistically significant correlation (p<0.001). It was noted that there is a correlation between gestational age and TCD in second trimester of IUGR pregnancies however the correlation was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: TCD is better predictor of gestational age in IUGR pregnancies as it remains nearly unaffected and correlates more closely with gestational age both in second and third trimester of pregnancy.
THE BALZAC CENTENARY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article THE BALZAC CENTENARY Get access W. G. MOORE W. G. MOORE OXFORD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume V, Issue 4, January 1951, Pages 325–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/V.4.325 Published: 01 January 1951
“Moon-Struck Lunatics”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Historians have noted the wave of cultural and civil nationalism that swept the United States following the War of 1812. “Moon Struck Lunatics” positions American nationalism in the Era of Good Feelings within the broader context of global events. The article probes the impact of the Spanish-American Revolutions on early Americans’ consciousness as a nation. The revolutions contextualized for Americans the world historical significance of their own revolution and aided the articulation of an early manifest destiny ideology. This essay focuses on public rhetoric, including speeches, congressional debates, editorials, geographies, songs, poems, toasts, letters to the editor, and travel accounts.
The unusual second derivative of the millisecond pulsar 1620-26: The consequence of a giant glitch?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We suggest that the unusually large second derivative of angular velocity of PSR 1620-26 may result from a recent giant glitch which occurred more than 30 yr ago, instead of being caused by a second companion orbiting around the binary system of the pulsar. Our model parameters predict that either the core magnetic field of this pulsar is much stronger than its surface magnetic field if the internal torque is produced by the core superfluid, or the third derivative of Omega is actually larger than the present upper limit by a factor of several if the internal torque is produced by the crustal superfluid. The former case will indicate that the internal magnetic fields of both the canonical pulsars and millisecond pulsars are the same. We further suggest that PSR 1620-26 should be a soft X-ray source with Lx approximately equals 5 x 1032/ergs and characteristic energy Egamma approximately equals 200 eV.
Development and evaluation of a profile negotiation process for integrating aircraft and air traffic control automation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development and evaluation of the profile negotiation process (PNP), an interactive process between an aircraft and air traffic control (ATC) that integrates airborne and ground-based automation capabilities to determine conflict-free trajectories that are as close to an aircraft's preference as possible, are described. The PNP was evaluated in a real-time simulation experiment conducted jointly by NASA's Ames and Langley Research Centers. The Ames Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) was used to support the ATC environment, and the Langley Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV) piloted cab was used to simulate a 4D Flight Management System (FMS) capable aircraft. Both systems were connected in real time by way of voice and data lines; digital datalink communications capability was developed and evaluated as a means of supporting the air/ground exchange of trajectory data. The controllers were able to consistently and effectively negotiate nominally conflict-free vertical profiles with the 4D-equipped aircraft. The actual profiles flown were substantially closer to the aircraft's preference than would have been possible without the PNP. However, there was a strong consensus among the pilots and controllers that the level of automation of the PNP should be increased to make the process more transparent. The experiment demonstrated the importance of an aircraft's ability to accurately execute a negotiated profile as well as the need for digital datalink to support advanced air/ground data communications. The concept of trajectory space is proposed as a comprehensive approach for coupling the processes of trajectory planning and tracking to allow maximum pilot discretion in meeting ATC constraints.
Pathogenic Politics: Authoritarianism, Inequality, and Capitalism in the COVID-19 Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We provide an introduction to this special issue on the politics of the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting some of the key findings and central arguments of the articles collected herein, and discussing their significance in relation to the broader political context of the pandemic. We address the roles of necropolitics and “necrosecurity”, pointing to their relationships to colonial and eugenicist histories, as well as some of the ways in which a globally-ascendant authoritarian populism contributed to the often-disastrous mismanagement of the pandemic. We consider how unequal structures of social and public obligation were reproduced to the detriment of lives and livelihoods, and the challenges facing institutions of protection, care, and social reproduction. Finally, we consider some of the ways in which the pandemic may have opened up avenues for more systemic transformations—for good or for ill.
Novel Approaches for Treating Substance Use Disorders

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Clinical substance use disorder (SUD) treatment goals are to not only decrease drug-taking behavior but also promote allocation of behavior toward nondrug reinforcers. Preclinical drug self-administration procedures have demonstrated utility in candidate SUD medication evaluation. Decades of research has validated experimental design attributes that facilitate translation of preclinical-to-clinical results when evaluating candidate therapeutic effects. These experimental design considerations include repeated candidate therapeutic treatment to model clinical chronic dosing regimens, candidate therapeutic evaluation on self-administered abused drug dose–effect functions, and assessment of behavioral selectivity for drug- versus nondrug-maintained behaviors. Sophisticated drug “choice” self-administration procedures allow for a simplified assessment of these clinical treatment goals in a preclinical setting while also incorporating assessment of behavioral selectivity. The infrequent incorporation of these rigorous experimental design attributes has hindered preclinical SUD medication development research efforts. Future directions include the inclusion of active negative control comparator treatments to facilitate interpretation of candidate medication effects.
<title>Optical limiting in two-dimensional nonlinear hetero-superlattice-junction structure</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Optical limiting is an essential concept for nonlinear optics and its applications. Recently, the nonlinear response in a two-dimensional (2D) superlattice (a periodic structure with its refractive index modulated in two dimensions) was studied for its potential applications in new optical devices. The available results are only related to the transition between a low transmission state and a high transmission state in the allowed bands. Up to date, optical limiting is not explored in 2D case with one incident wave. In this paper, a novel structure, which is composed of two dissimilar superlattices, is proposed for the optical limiting. The novel structure is named hetero- superlattice-junction structure in this paper. In terms of real-space-matching concept, optical limiting is demonstrated in a 2D nonlinear hetero-superlattice-junction structure, while this phenomena is proved unavailable in a 2D nonlinear superlattice.
Structural and Functional Characterization and Cloning of Xenopus FOSP-1 (Frog Oviduct-Specific Protein-1) Genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As a model for tissue-specific gene expression, our laboratory has been studying the expression of vitellogenin and FOSP-1 (frog oviduct-specific protein-1) genes in Xenopus laevis which are expressed exclusively in the liver and oviduct, respectively, both strictly regulated by estrogen. Whereas the structure and function of Xenopus vitellogenin mRNAs and the upstream regulatory sequences (URS) of their genes are well established, little or no similar information is available for FOSP-1 genes. In this study, using a combination of 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and reverse-transcriptase PCR, we have identified two gene copies of FOSP-1, termed FOSP-1A and FOSP-IB. Comparison of the sequences of full-length FOSP-1A and partial FOSP-IB cDNAs revealed a high degree of similarity at the 5′ end. We next isolated FOSP-1A and FOSP-IB genomic clones. Dot-plot comparison of their URS showed both similarities and differences. Two estrogen-responsive elements (EREs), termed proximal (pERE) and distal (dERE), were identified at -1070/-1082 and -1167/-1179, respectively, in FOSP-IB, but not FOSP-1A, URS. Quantitative electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DNA foot-printing with recombinant Xenopus estrogen receptor (xER) expressed in insect Sf9 cells, showed that xER interacted with a higher affinity with dERE than pERE in a hormone-independent manner, and that the two EREs do not act cooperatively. Functional studies involving transient transfection of human MCF-7 cells with a FOSP-IB URS-tkCAT construct confirmed that both EREs act as hormone-inducible cis-acting elements. These studies now pave the way for analysis of tissue specificity of estrogen-inducible gene expression in Xenopus liver and oviduct.
Aristotle’S Denial of Deliberation About Ends

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although Aristotle stated that we do not deliberate about ends, it is widely agreed that he did not mean it. Eager to save him from implying that ends are irrational, scholars have argued that he did recognize deliberation about the specification of ends. This claim misunderstands Aristotle’s conceptions of both deliberation and ends. Deliberation is not the whole of reasoning: it is a subcategory concerning only practical matters within our power. Not deliberating about something thus does not preclude other forms of reflection on it, such as that involved in specification. Yet on Aristotle’s view, our ends are not in our power. They are generated not by individual choice but by nature, which in the case of human beings includes roles for both language and politics. Ends are thus beyond individual deliberation, though not beyond reason. This is no minor point. The claim that human beings can act rationally depends upon it.
On Education and the Migrant Predicament

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recognition of the migrant educational predicament in transnational communities in Jordan and South Africa, we consider a reconstituted notion of Global Citizenship Education (GCE). Our argument for a reconstituted idea of GCE is premised on the notion that migrants, mostly refugees and asylum seekers, should not just be integrated into their newly-found communities but should rather be subjected to actions that can ensure their legitimate and justifiable participation in such communities. Moving away from a nationalist perspective of citizenship education that relies on a rights- and belonging-based approach to education, we argue in defence of GCE whereby all humans (migrants and nationals) can be encouraged to engage in defensible actions. These actions include recognising the rights of all others to have rights, embarking on socially just activism, and engaging in democratic iterations. When these actions guide GCE, it would be reconstituted to be more responsive to claims of legitimacy and justification in newly-found transnational communities. Using examples from educational practice, we show how GCE can be reconstituted to be attentive to the migrant educational dilemma confronting some communities in Jordan and South Africa.
Scheduling aware DRX cycle activation in LTE system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel power optimization technique in which DRX cycle is activated based on the scheduling decision. DRX MAC Control Element (CE) command is issued to the UEs for which scheduling is not possible in DRX ON duration time. Simulation results show that, significant gain can be achieved in power saving using the proposed method under specific scheduler design parameter conditions for the cost of minimal control overhead.
STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT DIAGRAMS OF Eucalyptus viminalis: PREDICTING STEM VOLUME, BIOMASS AND CANOPY COVER FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCTION PURPOSES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Stand density management diagrams (SDMD) provide a guide for forest density management taking into account stands attributes such as trees´ diameter or volume. One of the most common species planted in Pampean plains of Argentina is Eucalyptus viminalis for multiple objectives: solid wood use or firewood in local markets, pulp for cellulose industry and to provide services for agriculture and cattle raising (windbreaks or cattle refuge). The objective of this study was to gather the available production information /inventory data and to develop a first SDMD for estimating standing volume, biomass and canopy cover of E. viminalis as a tool for forest managers aiming at different plantation purposes. Data to develop the SDMD were obtained from 161 plots, distributed along a climate and soil gradient. We also generated two predictive equations capable of estimating dominant height from the diameter of the trees as well as canopy cover from stand basal area. As an example of application, the SDMD was used to estimate the wood production of three alternative systems: a) an unmanaged plantation (simulating a common practice in the region), b) a mixed production system such as an agroforestry system, and c) a plantation that maximizes wood biomass or volume production.
Investigation of Gardening Patterns Effects on Field Performance of Various Cucumis sativus L. Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucumber belongs to cucurbitaceae family, known as a vegetable grown in a wide range globally.It is thought to have been native to India and has been grown in Iran and China for 2000 years.And then brought from India into China, North Africa, South Europe and other parts of the World by voyagers and travelers.It was brought into tropical Africa by the
Tudor Parliaments,The Crown,Lords and Commons,1485-1603

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This excellent short survey looks at the workings of parliament under the first four Tudor monarchs. After an introductory first section which looks at parliament's medieval origins, the author then considers all aspects of early parliamentary history - including the historiography of the early Tudor parliaments, membership and attendance, the legislative roles of the Lords and Commons and the specific parliaments themselves.
Theoretical study on interaction of cytochrome f and plastocyanin complex by a simple coarse-grained model with molecular crowding effect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We present a simple coarse-grained model with the molecular crowding effect in solvent to investigate the structure and dynamics of protein complexes including association and/or dissociation processes and investigate some physical properties such as the structure and the reaction rate from the viewpoint of the hydrophobic intermolecular interactions of protein complex. In the present coarse-grained model, a function depending upon the density of hydrophobic amino acid residues in a binding area of the complex is introduced, and the function involves the molecular crowding effect for the intermolecular interactions of hydrophobic amino acid residues between proteins. We propose a hydrophobic intermolecular potential energy between proteins by using the density-dependent function. The present coarse-grained model is applied to the complex of cytochrome f and plastocyanin by using the Langevin dynamics simulation to investigate some physical properties such as the complex structure, the electron transfer reaction rate constant from plastocyanin to cytochrome f and so on. We find that for proceeding the electron transfer reaction, the distance between metals in their active sites is necessary within about 18 Å. We discuss some typical complex structures formed in the present simulation in relation to the molecular crowding effect on hydrophobic interactions.
The Conformational Behaviour of Fluorinated Tetrahydrothiopyran

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a comprehensive study on the conformational behavior of diversely substituted 4‐fluorotetrahydrothiopyran derivatives. Through quantum chemical simulations including DFT as well as NBO and NPA analysis, we elucidate the pivotal role of electrostatic interactions, occasionally complemented by hyperconjugative interactions, in stabilizing axial fluorine conformers. Less polar conformers were occasionally obtained, attributed to the interplay of electrostatic and hyperconjugative interactions. Experimental validation through NMR spectroscopy aligns with the computational analysis, thus providing a coherent understanding of the structural dynamics of these compounds.
Advances in Signal Processing and Artificial Intelligence (ASPAI' 2023)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The automatic detection of brain tumors is important for efficiently processing large amounts of data. This is a complex task due to the great variety that exists, and the inherent challenges associated with processing medical images. The aim of this work is to assess the performance of recent neural networks for the classification of brain tumors. We study the EfficientNet model, which has provided good results in many classification problems. We use two standard datasets with more than 3000 magnetic resonance images each. The classification includes four different classes with three tumor types (glioma, meningioma, pituitary tumors), and an additional class for brains without tumors. The experiments analyze three models of the EfficientNet architecture, using several techniques, such as transfer learning, early stopping and fine-tuning. The results show that the models attain an accuracy of 98.4% and 97.5% with the two datasets, which is on par with state-of-the-art methods.