jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microscale imaging of phosphate mobility under unsaturated flow as affected by a fertilizer enhancing polymer

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Phosphorus (P) fixation in soil following fertilizer application is a major issue that may be mitigated through a number of methods. Our main objective was to utilize an innovative unsaturated flow system to directly image the mobility of P in soil material as affected by AVAIL, a commercial copolymer phosphate fertilizer enhancer. Air‐dried clayey soil material, passed through a 0.25‐mm sieve and adjusted to pH 6, was packed in three side‐by‐side 1.4‐cm wide, 20‐cm long, and 0.6‐cm deep tracks. Water was applied to the tracks under approximately 1 cm tension and moved downstream by sorptivity. Five microliters of aqueous solutions containing 400 mmol P/L and varying levels of AVAIL were applied at a point near the upstream end of each track. Once water passed approximately 6 cm from the point of P application, each track was sectioned into small blocks and air‐dried. Synchrotron micro X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐XRF) images of P, silicon (Si), and aluminum (Al) were collected on block samples to measure relative movement of phosphorus along the soil tracks. Our results show that, despite the high affinity of soil minerals for P, it was relatively mobile with no enhancer under unsaturated flow conditions. Images showed diminished rate of P movement and enhanced clay dispersion with increasing proportion of AVAIL. We postulate that clay dispersion, corroborated by X‐ray computed tomography imaging, affected P transport due to interactions with Si and Al minerals. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of our unsaturated flow system combined with μ‐XRF imaging to measure convective mobility of plant nutrients or contaminants through soils.
It’s Not Just about Anselm: Aquinas’ ST Ia, q. 2, ar. 1 and Early Franciscan Illumination Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologiae, Ia, q. 2, a. 1, appears to be as traightforward discussion of Anselm's Proslogion,ch.2-3, as tudy of theologians from the preceding decades suggests thatthe text is also, and perhaps principally, a deliberate contribution to ac onversation that was taking place among Franciscans theologians in the 1240s -50s about how to reconcile theoriesofdivineillumination emerging at Oxford and Paris in the 1220s-30s.On the basiso fh is own highlyp articularizedu nderstanding of divine illumination, which centers on how concupiscencecauses fallen human persons to lose access to the illumination of the possible intellect,A quinas criticizes Bonaventurea nd the Summa Halensis for arguing that God'sexistenceisnaturallyknown priortodemonstration, by drawing upon Richard Rufus' earlier criticism of Proslogion 2a sw ell as am odified version of the Summa Halensis' argument that God can be naturallyk nown as the object of desire.Read in this context,q.2,a .1canbe seen as ad eliberate attempt to place the beginning of theologyw ithin the broader context of 13th-centuryd ivine illumination theory, and to identify the starting point for the fallen intellect in knowing and naming God.Thomas Aquinas' ST Ia, q. 2, ar.1('whetherGod'se xistencei sper se notum')i sc ustomarilypresented as astraightforwarddiscussion of Anselm's Proslogion.¹There are good grounds for this reading: something akin to Anselm'sa rgument from Proslogion 2i sp resented in objection 2, and Aquinas cites Anselm himself directlyi ne arlier discussions of the topic.²But the very fact thatA quinas does not cite Anselm by name in this text should give us pause before interpreting the text solelyasadiscussion of Anselm.No one would wish to denythat the consideration of Anselm is necessary for ap roper understanding of Aquinas' text.B ut one might reasonablya sk whether the consideration of Anselm is sufficient,orwhether amorecompleteunder-
Electrochemical Control of the Ultrafast Lattice Response of a Layered Semimetal

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The unique layer‐stacking in two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials facilitates the formation of nearly degenerate phases of matter and opens novel routes for the design of low‐power, reconfigurable functional materials. Electrochemical ion intercalation between stacked layers offers a promising approach to stabilize bulk metastable phases and to explore the effects of extreme carrier doping and strain. However, in situ characterization methods to study the structural evolution and dynamical functional properties of these intercalated materials remains limited. Here a novel experimental platform is presented capable of simultaneously performing electrochemical lithium‐ion intercalation and multimodal ultrafast characterization of the lattice using both electron diffraction and nonlinear optical techniques. Using the layered semimetal WTe 2 as a model system, the interlayer shear phonon mode that modulates stacking between 2Dlayers is probed, showing that small amounts of lithiation enhance the amplitude and lifetime of the phonon, contrary to expectations. This results from the dynamically fluctuating and anharmonic structure between nearly degenerate phases at room temperature, which can be stabilized by electronic carriers accompanying the inserted lithium ions. At high lithiation, the T d ’ structure emerges and quenches the phonon response. This work defines new approaches for using electrochemistry to engineer the dynamic structure of 2D materials.
A rare consequence of very common osteoporotic pubic rami fracture in a patient with myeloproliferative disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 80-year-old female with janus kinase 2 positive myeloproliferative disease with stable blood parameters on aspirin and anagrelide admitted to the emergency department after a fall over the kerb complaining of pain limiting mobility. Initial assessment was stable without any external injuries noted. Pelvic X-ray demonstrated a stable pubic rami fracture (figure 1). Later on, her haemoglobin dropped 106 g/dL to 67 g/dL for no apparent cause. She was also noted to have an abdominal fullness and examination revealed a suprapubic mass. CT scan showed a well-defined hypointense collection measuring …
Argon laser iridotomy in angle closure glaucoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Argon laser iridotomy was successfully performed in 30 eyes of glaucoma patients. A modified two stage procedure has been described to achieve a successful iridotomy in pigmented eyes. At the chosen site of laser iridotomy, partial thickness burns were applied in the first stage followed by a penetrating burns in the second stage. This minimised the complications associated with laser iridotomy and decreased the incidence of subsequent closure. At the end of 6 months follow up the success rate was 93.3 percent.
Surgical Management of Penile and Preputial Neoplasms in Equine with Special Reference to Partial Phallectomy

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Penile and preputial neoplasia in horses occurs infrequently and represents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The present study was carried out on a total number of 21 equids (14 stallions and 7 donkeys) suffered from different penile and preputial neoplasia. Diagnosis of neoplasms was based up on history of the case, clinical examination as well as histopathological evaluation. Animals with penile and preputial neoplasms were underwent local excision and partial phallectomy with a slightly modified version of the techniques described by William’s. The diagnosed neoplasms were penile and preputial squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; ); sarcoid (); a-fibrosarcoma; and a melanoma. Local excision was curative in all cases except 5 stallions with SCCs. These stallions had extensive damage of the glans penis, free part of the penis and the inner lamina of the internal fold of the prepuce, and they underwent a partial phallectomy with successful outcome. Follow-up information was obtained by visit and telephone inquiries. In conclusion, penile and preputial neoplasms are commonly encountered in elderly male horses and SCCs are the most common type affecting male external genitalia. Partial phallectomy is effective for management of equine neoplasia if they are confined to the glans and body of the penis and there is no proximal spread or involvement to regional lymph nodes.
What's inside a gall

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Galls come in all shapes and sizes and can be found on the leaves, stems, buds and roots of their host plants. They include distorted buds such as the red hakea gall, swollen stems and leaf excrescences on eucalypts and witches brooms. Galls are the plant's reaction to the secretions of the invading organism which may be a fungus, nematode worm, mite or insect. The undifferentiated tissues in the gall provide food for the occupying organism which, at the same time, is protected from adversities of the external environment such as weather extremes and predators and parasites.
Effect of Spontaneous Diabetes on Hormone Release in BB/Phi Rats: Comparison between the Isolated Perfused Pancreas/Stomach/Duodenum/Spleen and the Isolated Perfused Pancreas*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have studied the effects of spontaneous diabetes in BB/Phi rats on hormone release in response to amino acids (15 mM) and to amino acids (15 mM) plus glucose (10 mM) from isolated perfused pancreas/stomach/duodenum/spleen (PSDS) and from isolated perfused pancreas (P) preparations. In the PSDS preparation, diabetes reduced total integrated insulin output by 97% (from 1146 +/- 198 to 40 +/- 24 ng/65 min, P less than 0.001), and glucagon output by about 50% (from 51.6 +/- 13.1 to 24.0 +/- 3.7 ng/65 min, P less than 0.05), whereas somatostatin output did not change (105.5 +/- 48.1 to 110.1 +/- 36.9 ng/65 min). In the P preparation, integrated glucagon output fell by 91% (from 97.9 +/- 26.8 to 8.6 +/- 4.8 ng/65 min, P less than 0.01) whereas integrated somatostatin output more than doubled (from 28.1 +/- 7.5 to 69.6 +/- 14.2 ng/65 min, P less than 0.05). Intestinal glucagon and somatostatin contributions were estimated by comparing hormone release from the PSDS with that from the P preparations. We conclude that in our nondiabetic BB/Phi rats, the pancreas was the only source for the release of glucagon and that the intestinal tract secreted more somatostatin than the pancreas. In the diabetic BB/Phi rats, pancreatic glucagon and insulin release was virtually abolished while glucagon secretion from the intestinal tract increased and somatostatin secretion decreased.
Xenolepis gabina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

430. Xenolepis gabina (Meyrick, 1909) Polychrosis gabina Meyrick, 1909; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 19: 588. TL: India, Assam, Khasis [now in Meghalaya]. Distribution: India (Meghalaya). Illustrations: Adult and genitalia (Clarke 1958: 468).
Economic and Social Interactions in the Piedmont Village Tradition-Mississippian Boundarylands of Southeastern North America, AD 1200–1600

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research seeks to understand the economic and social interaction patterns among dispersed Piedmont Village Tradition communities in the North American Southeast, AD 1200–1600. Piedmont Village Tradition communities lived adjacent to Mississippian societies and have been categorized as a peripheral society because of this spatial relationship. We examine economic behaviors by constructing fall-off curves of local versus nonlocal lithic material proportions at settlement sites and examining the reduction behaviors and tool types at sites. The results support a possible gateway model for the acquisition and distribution of nonlocal materials that linked spatially proximate communities. To examine social interaction patterns, we conducted a Brainerd-Robinson analysis of ceramic attributes from six sites and combined our results with work by Rogers (1993). The results show sites with stylistic similarities are not the same sites that share lithic resources. We conclude that these spatially non-overlapping artifact patterns result from a heterarchical social organization with a high degree of independence between economic and social interactions. Finally, we contextualize our results within the current knowledge of Mississippian and Piedmont Village Tradition societies in the region to broaden the discussion of gateways in reciprocity-based economies, societies traditionally thought of as peripheral to complex societies, and coalescence.
Co- and Counter-Electroosmotic Flow Capillary Electrophoresis of Anionic Phenols Using UV and MS Detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Co- and counter-electroosmotic flow (EOF) capillary electrophoresis (CE) of anionic phenols, using UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detection were investigated. The co-EOF CE-UV detection was performed by using hexadimethrine bromide (HDB) as an EOF modifier, which provided the separation in 6.2 min. The counter-EOF CE-MS was obtained without HDB and coupling was achieved by sheath liquid interface. The CE-UV provided the better linearity (r 2 > 0.99) than the CE-MS (r 2 > 0.81), however, both methods gave comparable detection limits (5 µg/mL). CE-UV is efficient for the routine quantitative analysis, whereas CE-MS is useful for identification of the phenols.
Substantial but heterogeneous impacts of high-speed rail on talent flow in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The great expansion of high-speed rail (HSR) in China facilitates communications and interactions among people across cities. Despite extensive literature documenting the effects of HSR on a variety of variables such as local economic development, research collaboration, tourism, and capital mobility, not much is known about how HSR affects the flow of well-educated workers, says talents. Here we estimate talent flow among Chinese cities based on large-scale resume data of online job seekers and explore how it is affected by HSR. Specifically, we employ both a multiple linear regression model that controls for several socioeconomic factors and a two-stage least square regression model that instruments the introduction of HSR to a city to address endogeneity concerns. We find that the introduction of HSR has an overall positive effect on the talent net inflow of a city although both inflow and outflow are increased. Moreover, the effects of HSR on talent flow are rather heterogeneous for cities with different levels of economic development and for talents working in different industries. Specifically, developed cities benefit from HSR, whereas less-developed cities are relatively impaired. Cities connected by HSR show significant advantage in attracting talents from secondary and tertiary industries. These substantial but heterogeneous effects of HSR suggest a critical need for more comprehensive thinking about the long-term benefits of entering the HSR network, especially for less-developed cities and those with comparative advantage in manufacturing and service industries.
The relationship between General Construction Induction Training and Safety Awareness in the Australian Construction Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The construction industry presents an ever-changing and dangerous environment, posing a significant challenge to the safety of workers. In Australia, it is mandatory to undergo General Construction Induction Training (GIT) to obtain the White Card unit of competency, ensuring basic Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) knowledge before commencing work on construction sites. Despite legislative changes and educational adjustments, workers continue to experience significant incidents. This thesis presents a study that evaluates the suitability of the GIT in improving safety awareness within this industry. Employing a quantitative research method, the study utilises a survey administered to a small, representative sample of the construction workforce in New South Wales (NSW). Data analysis involves statistical methods to assess the suitability of GIT delivered by Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) in imparting workplace safety knowledge. The findings emphasise the inadequacy of the one-off current GIT delivery for new workers highlighting the need for extended and repeated induction training to enhance safety awareness. The study advocates for more frequent safety training to mitigate incident occurrence and stresses equal participation from management and workers in extended safety programs. Additionally, it recommends incorporating more visual aids in induction training to enhance safety comprehension and reduce incidents. Concerns about the ease of passing induction training are linked to construction accidents, suggesting the necessity for stricter procedures in cancelling induction cards in severe cases. The study proposes a bottom-up approach, recommending periodic GITs conducted by RTOs with the support of experienced construction workers to improve safety awareness and reduce incidents. Overall, this research provides essential insights into the current GIT’s effectiveness and limitations, offering recommendations for enhancing safety awareness and reducing incident occurrence in the construction industry.
The fallible master of perfection : Shah Ismail in the Alevi-Bektashi tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the hereditary leader of the Safavid Sufi Order, Shah Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty in 1501. This study goes beyond Shah Ismail's historical legacy, however, to examine the pious and literary sources which have shaped a permanent place for him within the Alevi-Bektashi community, an Islamic sectarian minority in Turkey.
Effect of trinexapac-ethyl on sugarcane varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth regulators have been widely employed as maturation inducers in the sugarcane crop, as an agricultural strategy. However, the response of varieties to the use of these compounds has been poorly studied, mainly in cerrado (savannah-like biome) areas occupied by the crop. This study was carried out to examine the effects of trinexapac-ethyl on important morphological characteristics of sugarcane varieties. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with a 4 Ã— 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four varieties (RB83-5054, SP80-1816, RB96-6928, and RB85-5156) associated or unassociated with application of trinexapac-ethyl (375 g L-1 of the a.i. ha-1), with four replicates. The ripener was applied at 126, 178, and 228 days after planting (DAP) the first-cycle sugarcane, using the dose of 125 g L-1 a.i. ha-1 per application. Upon harvest, which occurred at 243 DAP, we determined the number of stalks per meter, weight of 30 stalks without top, internode length, number of internodes per stalk, and yield of sugarcane stalks. Ripener application increased the number of stalks in varieties RB96-6928 and RB83-5054 and the weight of 30 stalks in varieties RB96-6928 and RB83-5054 and SP80-1816; reduced internode length in varieties RB85-5156 and RB83-5054; and increased stalk yield per hectare in varieties RB96-6928 and RB83-5054, but did not increase the number of internodes per stalk in any of the tested varieties. The variables number of stalks, stalk weight, internode length, and stalk yield responded in a genotype-dependent manner to the application of trinexapac-ethyl.
Indoor Temperature Validation of Low-Income Detached Dwellings under Tropical Weather Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Urban territorial expansion generated in the last decades has brought a series of consequences, such as the variation between urban and suburban weather conditions affecting indoor temperature and increasing electricity consumption derived from the use of cooling systems. Current approaches of simulation models in residential buildings use indoor environmental data for carrying out validations to propose hygrothermal comfort alternatives for the mitigation of the effects of the external environmental conditions on the interior spaces of dwellings. In this work, an hourly evaluation of both indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of two case studies in a tropical climate was carried out, by means of a whole-building simulation approach tool during a week representative of the warmest period of the year. The integration of the collected environmental data in the theoretical model allowed us to reduce the error range of the estimated indoor temperature with results in normalized mean bias error between 7.10% and −0.74% and in coefficient of variation of the root mean square error between 16.72% and 2.62%, in the different indoor zones of the case studies. At the same time, the energy assessment showed a difference of 33% in Case 1 and −217% in Case 2 for final electricity consumption.
SURFACE CONTOUR CHANGES AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The SAM Contourator, model B, was used to evaluate dimensional changes of the residual ridge mucosa following the extraction of the maxillary second molar on two subjects. An electronic curve-following device was employed to measure the changes in mucosal topography. The combined contourator - curve- follower error was determined and found to be area dependent. The mesial migration of the maxillary third molar after the extraction of the adjacent maxillary molar had little effect on contour changes in the vertical plane. In the horizontal plane, however, movement of the adjacent molar into the extractie reduced the loss in residual ridge topography.
Requests of Modern Archives in Serbia and Training of Experts in the Field of Presentation of the Cultural Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Archives, being significant institutions for protection and promotion of written cultural heritage should have programs for permanent training of employees dealing with preservation of cultural heritage in educational and cultural institutions as well as workshops and seminars that would prepare experts for education of pupils, students and elderly people. Appropriate methodology of education of professional staff is necessary in order to apply certain conservation treatments. Many problems appear when the professional training of staff who are supposed to work with sensitive archival material is in question. In order to create a proper preservation system within the archives network of Serbia, adequate education is necessary as well as training of professional staff. Concept of preventive and curative preservation should rely on appropriate interdisciplinary approach to the problem. Modern educative programs for conservation of written cultural heritage that could satisfy requests and problems of preservation are not available in Serbia. Without application of natural and humanitarian sciences, it is not possible to attain measurable results in the field of conservation whether it is matter of preventive preservation or curative conservation.
Dicamba, stress, and distorted soybean leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A fairly common occurrence in late June and July is the appearance of distorted leaves on soybean plants. The most common cause of this response is exposure to a growth regulator herbicide (2,4-D; dicamba; etc.). Dicamba is the most commonly used growth regulator herbicide in Iowa crop production, and is present in numerous products (Banvel®, Clarity®, Marksman®, Distinct®, Status®, and many others). Soybeans may be exposed to dicamba in three ways: spray particle drift, vapor drift (volatilization), and sprayer contamination. Injury from spray drift or sprayer contamination usually is fairly straightforward in diagnosing, but questions often arise regarding volatilization.