jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing bottom trawling impacts based on the longevity of benthic invertebrates

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Bottom trawling is the most widespread human activity directly affecting seabed habitats. Assessment and effective management of the effects of bottom trawling at the scale of fisheries requires an understanding of differences in sensitivity of biota to trawling. Responses to disturbance are expected to depend on the intrinsic rate of increase in populations ( r ), which is expected to be linearly related to the reciprocal of longevity. We examine the relationship between the longevity of benthic invertebrates and their response to bottom trawling; both in terms of the immediate mortality following a trawl pass and their subsequent rates of recovery. We collate all available data from experimental and comparative trawling studies, and test how longevity influences these aspects of sensitivity. The shortest lived organisms (<1 year) increased in abundance shortly after experimental trawling but showed no response to trawling in long‐term comparative studies. Conversely, the abundance of biota with a life span >1 year decreased by ~9% immediately following a trawl pass. The effect of bottom trawling in comparative studies increased with longevity, with a 2–3× larger effect on biota living >10 years than on biota living 1–3 years. We attribute this difference to the slower recovery rates of the long‐lived biota. The observed relationship between the intrinsic rate of population increase ( r , our metric of recovery rate) and the reciprocal of longevity matches theoretical expectation and predicts that the sensitivity of habitats to bottom trawling is higher in habitats with higher proportions of long‐lived organisms. Synthesis and applications . Where the longevity of a species or the longevity distribution of a community is known or can be inferred, our estimates of depletion and intrinsic rate of increase can be combined with high‐resolution maps of trawling intensity to assess trawling impacts at the scale of the fishery or other defined unit of assessment. Our estimates of r may also be used to estimate recovery times following other forms of seabed disturbance.
First report of soft rot disease on pak choi (Brassica chinensis) caused by Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae in Malaysia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In June 2012, a soft rot disease of pak choi (Brassica chinensis) was observed in the vegetable-growing region of Cameron Highlands, in the Pahang state of Malaysia. Disease symptoms first appeared as small, water-soaked lesions at the base of petioles. The lesions enlarged rapidly and spread to the leaves, resulting in the collapse of the plant. Diseased samples were randomly collected from 12 infested fields. Soft rot incidence on pak choi varied from 38 to 56% in different commercial fields. The causal pathogen was identified as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae based on morphological, biochemical, genetic (RFLP) and pathogenicity analyses. This is thought to be the first report of soft rot on pak choi caused by D. dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae in Malaysia.
Optimization of Zinc Hydroxychloride Levels in Quail Diets: Impacts on Performance, Yolk Antioxidant Capacity, Bone Development, and Mineral Excretion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zinc (Zn) is crucial for animal physiology, yet traditional forms have limitations, prompting the exploration of alternatives such as zinc hydroxychloride (ZnOHCl). This study aims to determine the impact of dietary ZnOHCl on the productive performance, eggshell quality, antioxidant status of yolk, tibia mineralization, and mineral excretion in laying quails. One hundred and twenty-five 10-week-old layer quails were randomly assigned to five experimental groups. The experimental groups received a basal diet containing 34.14 mg/kg Zn from raw materials without additional ZnOHCl supplementation. The other four groups received the same basal diet containing 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg/kg Zn supplemented with ZnOHCl. The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks. Feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in non-supplemented quails, while the rest of the performance parameters (including final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) remained unaffected (P > 0.05), which is similar to those described for egg production parameters (such as hen day egg production, egg weight and egg mass). Dietary ZnOHCl did not significantly (P > 0.05) enhance eggshell quality but showed potential to improve antioxidant capacity as evidenced by elevated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl values (P < 0.01). Zinc excretion in excreta increased with the highest level of ZnOHCl, while another mineral excretion was not affected significantly (P > 0.05). Surprisingly, ZnOHCl supplementation did not substantially impact tibia mineral content, indicating that the role of Zn in bone mineralization may involve more complex interactions than previously understood. Present findings indicate that supplementation with ZnOHCl at 100 mg/kg in quail diets may enhance the antioxidant capacity of the yolk without adversely affecting other productive parameters or exacerbating environmental impacts.
Branching Morphogenesis During Kidney Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Epithelial tissues such as kidney, lung, and breast arise through branching morphogenesis of a pre-existing epithelial structure. They share common morphological stages and a need for regulation of a similar set of developmental decisions—where to start; when, where, and in which direction to branch; and how many times to branch—decisions requiring regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness, and cell motility. It is likely that similar molecular mechanisms exist for the epithelial branching program. Here we focus on the development of the collecting system of the kidney, where, from recent data using embryonic organ culture, cell culture models of branching morphogenesis, and targeted gene deletion experiments, the outlines of a working model for branching morphogenesis begin to emerge. Key branching morphogenetic molecules in this model include growth factors, transcription factors, distal effector molecules (such as extracellular matrix proteins, integrins, proteinases and their inhibitors), and genes regulating apoptosis and cell proliferation.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Vesicovaginal Fistula Patients at Patan Hospital, Nepal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

JSAFOG 58 years).Mean age at marriage of the female is 17. 1 (1996) and contraceptive prevalence rate is 39.6%.70% or reproductive age group women are found to be anemic and malnourished.Nepalese woman still face difficulty in accessing safe motherhood services not only due to the difficult geographical terrain but also due to very limited number of human resource in the field of health.There is one doctor available per 22,961 population, one nurse for every 3719 population and one paramedic for every 2002 population.Many women suffer from genitourinary fistulas as a result of obstructed labor.Prevalence of VVF can be taken as an indicator of quality of obstetric care available in the society.Dr James Marion Sims (1813 to 1883) "Father of American Gynecology" was the pioneer in managing fistula cases.First fistula hospital was established on May 4th, 1855 to 1883 at Madison Avenue, New York and at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia second fistula hospital was opened on May 24th, 1975.Exact incidence of fistula in the country is not known and surgeries done so far at Patan Hospital seem to be the tip of the iceberg.A few of the cases also came from Indian border.
Basic Study on Frost Susceptibility of Rock

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

本研究は，2種類の凍上試験で構成されている。一つは不攪乱の岩石供試体を用いた凍上試験，もう一つは人工的に破砕した引張強度を持たない岩石供試体を用いた凍上試験である。不攪乱の岩石供試体の凍上試験は，その凍上性を調べるために行われた。凍上試験の結果，大谷石と来待砂岩を凍上性岩石，札幌軟石を非凍上性岩石に分類することができた。また，凍上性岩石と非凍上性岩石の物性値について比較を行い，いくつかの明らかな違いがあることがわかった。人工的に破砕した岩石供試体の凍上試験は，破砕の影響を調べるために行われた。試験には，地盤工学会で定められた土の凍上性を判定するための試験方法を適用した。凍上試験の結果，岩石の凍上性は破砕によって増幅されることが明らかになった。また，非凍上であった岩石が破砕によって凍上を起こすようになることも明らかになった。
Modification of Shapley Value and its Implementation in Decision Making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article presents a solution of a problem that is critical from a practical point of view: how to share a higher than usual discount of $10 million among 5 importers. The discount is a result of forming a coalition by 5 current, formerly competing, importers. The use of Shapley value as a concept for co-operative games yielded a solution that was satisfactory for 4 lesser importers and not satisfactory for the biggest importer. Appropriate modification of Shapley value presented in this article allowed to identify appropriate distribution of the saved purchase amount, which according to each player accurately reflects their actual strength and position on the importer market. A computer program was used in order to make appropriate calculations for 325 permutations of all possible coalitions. In the last chapter of this paper, we recognize the lasting contributions of Lloyd Shapley to the cooperative game theory, commemorating his recent (March 12, 2016) descent from this world.
The Effects of Career-Readiness Programming on the Employment Outcomes of Sonoma State University Alumni

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this case study was to assess whether the Heuristic Model of Employability when paired with career-related programming, services and work-based learning activities produced equitable employment outcomes for Sonoma State University alumni.In addition, this case study sought to determine whether alumni of color and women participated in career-related programming and activities at the same rates as their counterparts.Quantitative data revealed that alumni who utilized career fairs, career-read iness workshops and work-based learning activities required less time to secure full-time positions after graduation.Data also showed that female respondents participated in work-based learning activities at higher rates than male respondents, male respondents utilized career-read iness workshops at higher rates than female respondents, and there was no statistical significance indicating whether alumni of color utilized • career-related services at lower rates than white respondents.The data from this case study reveal the importance o f career services' programming (i.e.one-on-one advising, career-readiness workshops and career fairs) and work-based learning opportunities (i.e.internships) on the employment outcomes of graduates.The lack of career readiness programming within higher education institutions is an educational inequity.All students should have equitable access to career-related co-curricular activities, only then will graduates possess the requisite skills needed to navigate the workforce and find their "best fit" careers.
The Evolution of Development and the South Asian Experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since its independence, South Asia has been the quintessential theatre for development—its economic and political shifts have mirrored and shaped the conceptual changes within the development paradigm. It has seen the region move from state-led modernisation to the weakening of state-centred development and then the adoption of neoliberal policies in the name of globalisation. And this union has become so naturalised that even in the face of contradictions emerging from the practice of development, the region has chosen to reform and expand the discourse rather than challenge it. At the same time, South Asia as the laboratory for development not only shows the major trends, but also the contradictions of development—the socio-economic inequality, displacement of individuals in the name of mega projects, problems of modern-day slavery and bonded labour, and weakening of welfare priorities of the states. The most important question that this chapter raises is how and why, despite development’s faltering promises, the answers sought by developing regions such as South Asia are formulated from within the paradigm. The chapter turns to the notion of development as religion to understand how development paradigm operates as a theological paradigm and prospers regardless of all its internal contradictions.
Anaerobic microbial methanol conversion in marine sediments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Methanol is an ubiquitous compound that plays a role in microbial processes as a carbon and energy source, intermediate in metabolic processes or as end product in fermentation. In anoxic environments, methanol can act as the sole carbon and energy source for several guilds of microorganisms: sulfate‐reducing microorganisms, nitrate‐reducing microorganisms, acetogens and methanogens. In marine sediments, these guilds compete for methanol as their common substrate, employing different biochemical pathways. In this review, we will give an overview of current knowledge of the various ways in which methanol reaches marine sediments, the ecology of microorganisms capable of utilizing methanol and their metabolism. Furthermore, through a metagenomic analysis, we shed light on the unknown diversity of methanol utilizers in marine sediments which is yet to be explored.
International contexts of the Negro Renaissance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The exceptional character of the Harlem Renaissance as a watershed of selfdirected “Negro” arts and letters and the popular view of its centralization in Harlem have led to an unfortunate occlusion of its international dimensions. The “New Negro Movement” bloomed within a global network of epiphenomenal cultural nationalisms and folk revivals. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, pulses of decolonization rippled throughout Asia, the Caribbean, and Ireland, catalyzed by China's 1901 Boxer Rebellion, the Russian Revolution of 1917, and postwar efforts to accommodate European ethnic minorities in their struggles for self-determination. Much of the scholarship surrounding the Harlem Renaissance, however, has approached it at the expense of the global as a phenomenon of primarily national significance despite the persistent emphasis on internationalism in the works and life experiences of the movement's leading figures. Even when this emphasis is noted, as with the much-studied Negro vogues of Paris and Berlin, the international scope of the movement's influence and impact has been conceptualized according to an American context rooted in slavery, reconstruction, migration, and segregation. Nevertheless, a few scholars, such as Robert Stepto, Michel Fabre, and Melvin Dixon, have outlined the global contours of the Harlem Renaissance currently being reexamined and theorized anew by Brent Hayes Edwards, George Hutchinson, and others, so that the transnational shape of the movement and the disparate worldviews of its writers may come more fully into view.
Differentials in the prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, ever-married women in Bangladesh: multilevel logistic regression analysis of data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Anemia is one of the most common public health problems globally, and high prevalence has been reported among women of reproductive age, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to evaluate differentials in the prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh, and to examine associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors.Data for this cross-sectional study were taken from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). In a sub-sample of one-third of the households, all ever-married women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) were selected for the biomarker component of the survey, including anemia. The sample size for our study was 5,293. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysis.The prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, ever-married women was 41.3% (urban: 37.2% and rural: 43.5%). Among anemic women, 35.5% had mild anemia, 5.6% had moderate anemia, and 0.2% had severe anemia. Women with no education were more likely to be anemic than those with secondary education (p < 0.01) or higher education (p < 0.01). Undernourished women (BMI < 18.5) were at greater risk of anemia (p < 0.01) compared with normal women, overweight women, and obese women. Anemia was less pronounced among non-pregnant women using contraception (p < 0.05), Muslim women (p < 0.01), and women living in rich households (p < 0.01).The prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, ever-married women in Bangladesh is high. Illiteracy, poverty, and undernutrition are contributing factors.
Implementation of Health Information Technology to Maximize Efficiency of Resource Utilization in a Geographically Dispersed Prenatal Care Delivery System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the utilization of health information technology (HIT) to enhance resource utilization in a geographically dispersed tertiary care system with extensive outpatient and delivery services. It was initiated as a result of a systems change implemented after Hurricane Ike devastated southeast Texas. A retrospective database and electronic medical record review was performed, which included data collection from all patients evaluated 18 months prior (epoch I) and 18 months following (epoch II) the landfall of Hurricane Ike. The months immediately following the storm were omitted from the analysis, allowing time to establish a new baseline. We analyzed a total of 21,201 patients evaluated in triage at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Epoch I consisted of 11,280 patients and epoch II consisted of 9922 patients. Using HIT, we were able to decrease the number of visits to triage while simultaneously managing more complex patients in the outpatient setting with no clinically significant change in maternal or fetal outcome. This study developed an innovated model of care using constrained resources while providing quality and safety to our patients without additional cost to the health care delivery system.
Correlation Analysis Between Plasma Circulating DNA and Routine Blood Parameters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the origin of circulating DNA(cfDNA) through observing the correlation be tween plasma cfDNA level and the routine blood parameters.Methods: Determination of the plasma cfDNA level from the selected population was performed by using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,routine blood parame ters were evaluated with ADVIA120 blood cell analyzer,and the bivariate correlation and logistic regression were run using SPSS16.0.Results: The mean plasma cfDNA level in the male group(23.23±3.186) was slightly higher than that in the female group(18.55±2.037)(P=0.2183).The highest mean plasma cfDNA level(23.20±4.274) was observed in the 61~70 years old interval,then in the above 70 years old interval(20.92±2.089),and the lowest mean plasma cfDNA(15.81±1.747) was present in the subjects aged between 51~60 years old.However,the differ ence among the three subgroup is not significant(P=0.3276).The results of bivariate correlation analysis indicated that plasma cfDNA level was positive correlated with peroxidase activity index,hemoglobin content,and hematocrit(P0.05),and was without association with gender,age and the other routine blood parameters.The results of lo gistic regression analysis showed that the plasma cfDNA level was positive associated with only two routine blood parameters,mean platelet concentration and peroxidase activity index(P0.05).Conclusion: Increase of plasma cfD NA may be correlated with elevated platelet concentration,as well as the peroxidase content or activity.The pre cursor cell of platele(t megakaryocyte) may be a important resource of plasma cfDNA.
Fatal Cerebral Vasospasm following a <b><i>Haemophilus influenzae</i></b> Meningitis in a Young Child with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Despite the successful implementation of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> vaccination, invasive serotypes still lead to a fatal infection. We recently cared for a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and <i>H. influenzae</i> meningitis and septicemia complicated by vasospasm. Vasospasm caused by <i>Haemophilus</i> central nervous system infection has not been previously reported. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> A 34-month-old patient with a recent VPS presented with <i>H. influenzae</i> meningitis and sepsis. Despite the explant of hardware, followed by maximum medical management, the patient developed stroke due to severe vasospasm, which led to diffused anoxic brain injury. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We aim to alert for the possible critical condition caused by <i>H. influenzae.</i> It is essential to treat the underlying illness, despite the presence of a VPS. Surgical implant tends to be overlooked by other subspecialists. Being vaccinated to <i>H. influenzae</i> does not protect from different subtypes like non-typeable <i>H. influenzae</i>. The cause of vasospasm remains unclear.
EXISTING STATES OF GOLD IN THE JIANCHALING GOLD DEPOSIT, SHAANXI PROVINCE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Primordial ore in the Jianchaling gold deposit is micrograin-disseminated type. Main metal mineral pyrite accounts for 3% in the ores. Pyrite is distributed in the carbonate as micrograin-disseminated and veinlet-disseminated. Main gangue mineral carbonate and quartz account for 95%. Gold content in the ores is 7.78×10-6. Mineral type of gold mineral is silver-bring nature gold. The size of gold is 0.154～2.304μm, and the most of them is 0.384～0.768μm. It is also possible existence of other type sub-microgold. Pyrite is the most main gold-bring mineral, 86.18% gold existed in the pyrite as inclusions.
In vitro Screening of Native Banana Rhizospheric Microbes and Endophytes of Assam against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 30 native rhizospheric microbes and 7 endophytes had been isolated and purified from rhizospheric soil samples and from roots of healthy banana plants, collected from different banana growing areas of Assam. The screening of 37 rhizospheric microbes and endophytes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was performed with the help of dual culture technique. The efficacy of the rhizospheric microbes and endophytes were recorded at different intervals from 24 to 120 hours. It was observed that out of 37 isolates, the per cent reduction in growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense after 120 hours of inoculation was found more than 70% in case of 10 rhizospheric microbes. Of which 3 rhizospheric microbes performed better with a per cent reduction in growth above 80%. However, not a single endophytes could be found promising in inhibition the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The per cent reduction of growth was recorded minimum 47.3% in endophytes against 86.44% in rhizospheric microbes.