jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The crisis in social work with children and families:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Paul Michael Garrett offers a powerful indictment of state and Church responses to children and young people in the Republic of Ireland. He also argues persuasively against the ‘spirit of reform’ that characterised New Labour's approach to social work in the UK and is now embraced equally enthusiastically by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition. Garrett emphasises the relentless nature of the neoliberal advance and the extent to which it has already ‘remade’ society. He is clear about the damage done to social work with children and families (to both workers and service users) and recognises that the onslaught is far from over. Although there is nothing in Paul's article that I disagree with, I would like to raise additional points about poverty, inequality and injustice in relation to children and families policy and practice because, as austerity gains a stronghold across the UK, it is those who are already disadvantaged who stand to lose most. There are oppositional voices in social work – Garrett mentions the Social Work Action Network (www.socialworkfuture. org), an organisation uniting practitioners, academics, service users and students in campaigning for social work as social justice. Social work, however, is often both ‘oppressive and conservative’ (Weiss-Gal et al, 2012) and, for many working-class families especially, it can feel like little more than surveillance and control (Jones, 2009). Where relevant, I want to include a Scottish perspective. Scotland has its own parliament and may yet vote for independence, but how far does the language of ‘social justice’ and ‘solidarity’ (Mooney and Scott, 2012) take us down the road of genuine improvements for children and families?
Enough About the Disappearing South: What About the Disappearing Southerner?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Profound transformations in the South since the 1960s have led many observers to sound the region's death knell. Distinctive and exceptional no longer, they say, the region has been disappearing, vanishing, shrinking, and converging with mainstream America for decades, a victim of relentless incorporation into mass society. In a brief but stark Time magazine essay published in 1990, Hodding Carter III, a former Mississippi newspaper editor transplanted to Washington, D.C., went even further, voicing the judgment that the South was dead: "The South as South, a living, ever regenerating mythic land of distinctive personality, is no more. At most it is an artifact lovingly preserved in the museums of culture and the shops of tourist commerce precisely because it is so hard to find in the vital centers of the region's daily life . . . the South is dead. . . . . What is lurching into existence in the South is purely and contemporaneously mainstream American, for better and for worse." 1
Patient Perspectives: Patient as Teacher

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We highlight a memorable encounter with a patient who provided us with insight into her diagnosis of stiff-person syndrome (SPS) by helping us understand what it means to truly live with this rare disease. By actively imagining ourselves in a patient's position and trying to learn who they are as individuals, we can help them share their stories, empower them to participate in decisions, and determine their own definitions of successful outcomes. In our patient's case, she ultimately felt empowered to serve as a public advocate and spread greater awareness and deeper understanding of this rare disease. In this case-based narrative, we highlight key educational teaching points of SPS, including important symptoms, treatments, comorbidities, laboratory findings, and related electromyography results. We also compare the physician and patient perspectives to remind trainees to keep in mind the person behind every diagnosis. Small gestures of compassion such as creating space in clinic to listen to a patient's story can lead to stronger patient-physician therapeutic alliances and improved quality of life.
Comparative Analysis of the Safety and Functional Outcomes of Anterior versus Retropupillary Iris-Claw IOL Fixation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . To compare the functional and clinical outcomes of the iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) placed on the anterior versus posterior surface of the iris. Patients and Methods . A multicenter, retrospective study. Data on eyes that underwent anterior or retropupillary iris-claw IOL implantation because of inadequate capsular support secondary to complicated cataract surgery, trauma, and dislocated/opacified IOLs since January 2015 were analyzed. For study inclusion, evaluation results had to be available in the medical records both preoperatively and at 1 and 12 months after implantation. The following parameters were compared between the groups: best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), spherical and cylindrical refractive error, endothelial cell density (ECD), central macular thickness (CMT), and percentage and type of postoperative complications. Results . In total, 60 eyes of 60 patients aged 73 ± 13 years were included: 28 eyes (47%) involved anterior, and 32 eyes (53%) retropupillary, iris-claw IOL fixations. Preoperatively, the groups were similar in all parameters except for a significantly higher proportion of retropupillary fixations in patients who had previously experienced a closed-globe trauma (p=0.03). The groups showed comparable improvements in BCDVA after surgery (final BCDVA: 0.34 ± 0.45 vs. 0.37 ± 0.50 logMAR in the anterior and retropupillary placement groups, respectively). During follow-up, no group difference was observed in refractive error or CMT. Both groups experienced similarly marked ECD loss and showed similar incidence of postoperative complications, with cystoid macular edema being the most common complication. Multivariable linear regression showed that BCDVA at 1 month was the best predictor of the final BCDVA. Conclusions . Anterior chamber and posterior chamber iris-claw IOL fixations proved equally effective and safe for aphakic correction in eyes with inadequate capsular support.
Regulación jurídica en España de la maternidad subrogada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Surrogate motherhood is currently an option to become parents whose ethical assessment and \nsocial acceptance is subject to controversy, being its regulation heterogeneous. The possible \nframing of surrogate motherhood in Spanish legislation goes through its inclusion in the \njuridical figure of filiation, within which it is worth highlighting the affiliation as a result of \nassisted reproduction techniques. These techniques are inseparable from surrogate pregnancy, \nto the point that the Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques Law is the only legal text that \nexplicitly cites it, to prohibit it. In this paper, both concepts are analysed legally, the position \nof the Dirección General de Registros y del Notariado as well as that of the Supreme Court, \nand the state of the matter is studied in the surrounding countries to conclude by analysing the \nsituation of the surrogate pregnancy in California as a reference internationally.
Lamellar microstructure of discontinuous precipitation reaction front in Cu-7.5%In

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

There is an increasing body of evidence for discontinuous precipitation (DP) as a general solid state phase transformation in materials. The understanding of the DP phenomenon, however, requires to establish its energy balance. The lamellar microstructure at the grain boundary reaction front (RF) is of particular interest since it results from the optimization of, at least, chemical, capillary and interfacial energy terms coupled with the boundary mobility at a given undercooling. Our investigation into this field has lead us to the conclusion that an additional term reflecting the residual stresses in the transformed product should be incorporated. In the present paper, microstructural features focused at the lamellar growth front are illustrated and discussed supporting the idea that DP is a non-equilibrium reaction. The alloy used for this study, Cu-7.5at.%In, was prepared at the Max-Planck-Institut, Stuttgart, from high purity components by induction melting under argon atmosphere and chill cast. After homogenization at 600°C/300h samples were directly aged isothermally at different temperatures and quenched. The parent FCC matrix α decomposes into depleted α lamellae and tetragonal Cu 3 In β lamellar precipitates.
A brief appraisal of computational modeling of antimicrobial peptides’ activity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a brief overview of computer simulations over the span of last two decades that have made some serious attempts in providing key insights toward the mechanistic aspects of antimicrobial peptides and biomimetic peptides. We review some of the success stories of computational modeling of antimicrobial activity and also point toward the present shortcomings of the current approaches. Finally, we shed light upon the future potential directions that computational approach can adopt toward direct and closer comparisons with experiments on antimicrobial activity.
Enhanced finite-element model and acoustic test fixture to assess the objective occlusion effect induced by earplugs under bone-conducted stimulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The occlusion effect refers to the increased perception, mainly at low frequencies, of bone-conducted sounds like physiological noises and one's own voice when one wears hearing protection devices. This phenomenon may lead to an acoustic discomfort and subsequently to less effective protection. It can be quantified by an objective indicator defined as the difference between the sound pressure level in the open and occluded earcanal. Several finite-element models based on truncated outer ears are available in the literature for predicting the objective occlusion effect but they suffer from several limitations mainly due to anatomical simplifications. In this paper, the occlusion effect of earplugs is assessed using an enhanced finite-element model and an augmented acoustic test fixture both based on the same real head geometry of a living participant. The finite-element head model is evaluated by comparing numerical results with various experimental data. The augmented acoustic test fixture is evaluated itself with respect to the participant. Using the finite-element model, the variability of the occlusion effect induced by the uncertainty on the stimulation position of the bone transducer, the position in the earcanal where the occlusion effect is assessed, and the uncertainty on the soft tissue Poisson's ratio is investigated.
Size-Aware Cache Management for Compressed Cache Architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A practical way to increase the effective capacity of a microprocessor's cache, without physically increasing the cache size, is to employ data compression. Last-Level Caches (LLC) are particularly amenable to such compression schemes, since the primary purpose of the LLC is to minimize the miss rate, i.e., it directly benefits from a larger logical capacity. In compressed LLCs, the cacheline size varies depending on the achieved compression ratio. Our observations indicate that this size information gives useful hints when managing the cache (e.g., when selecting a victim), which can lead to increased cache performance. However, there are currently no replacement policies tailored to compressed LLCs; existing techniques focus primarily on locality information. This article introduces the concept of size-aware cache management as a way to maximize the performance of compressed caches. Upon analyzing the benefits of considering size information in the management of compressed caches, we propose a novel mechanism-called Effective Capacity Maximizer (ECM)-to further enhance the performance and energy consumption of compressed LLCs. The proposed technique revolves around four fundamental principles: ECM Insertion (ECM-I), ECM Promotion (ECM-P), ECM Eviction Scheduling (ECM-ES), and ECM Replacement (ECM-R). Extensive simulations with memory traces from real applications running on a full-system simulator demonstrate significant improvements compared to compressed cache schemes employing conventional locality-aware cache replacement policies. Specifically, our ECM shows an average effective capacity increase of 18.4 percent over the Least-Recently Used (LRU) policy, and 23.9 percent over the Dynamic Re-Reference Interval Prediction (DRRIP) [1] scheme. This translates into average system performance improvements of 7.2 percent over LRU and 4.2 percent over DRRIP. Moreover, the average energy consumption is also reduced by 5.9 percent over LRU and 3.8 percent over DRRIP.
The Lives and Times of Asian-Pacific American Women Drug Users: An Ethnographic Study of Their Methamphetamine Use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although Asian-Pacific Americans have a long history in American society and represent the fastest growing minority group, they remain a relatively “unknown” and “obscure” population. In particular, while ethnic myths about Asian women continue to persist, ranging from the erotic Oriental beauty to the evil dragon lady to the obedient wife and mother, the complexities of the lives of Asian-Pacific American women remain a mystery. Such myths create a number of barriers to understanding the problems of their everyday life including coping and stress, financial worries, family conflict, and drug use. This article represents the first ethnographic account of Asian-Pacific American women drug users, and specifically explores their onset and patterns of drug use and coping strategies in relation to the competing cultural claims on their lives.
Identifying progenitor cells within articular cartilage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous studies have \nshown that articular cartilage grows by \napposition from the articular surface driven by \nproliferation of a progenitor cell sub-population \nthat resides in the surface zone. This study \nconcentrates on identifying markers for this \nprogenitor cell population. Cell surface \nreceptors CD105 and CD166 are known \nmarkers of progenitor/stem cells in endothelial \ncells, bone marrow constituents as well as other \ntissues and have recently been reported within \nnormal and osteoarthritc human articular \ncartilage 1,2. Notch 1, Delta and Jagged 1 and 2 \nare known to be expressed by stem/progenitor \ncells during various stages of limb development \n3 \n. Localisation of these markers to progenitor \ncells in articular cartilage would enable \nselective isolation facilitating further \ncharacterisation of the chondroprogenitor.
Structural basis for regulation of rhizobial nodulation and symbiosis gene expression by the regulatory protein NolR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The symbiosis between rhizobial microbes and host plants involves the coordinated expression of multiple genes, which leads to nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. As part of the transcriptional machinery for nodulation and symbiosis across a range of Rhizobium, NolR serves as a global regulatory protein. Here, we present the X-ray crystal structures of NolR in the unliganded form and complexed with two different 22-base pair (bp) double-stranded operator sequences (oligos AT and AA). Structural and biochemical analysis of NolR reveals protein– DNA interactions with an asymmetric operator site and defines a mechanism for conformational switching of a key residue (Gln56) to accommodate variation in target DNA sequences from diverse rhizobial genes for nodulation and symbiosis. This conformational switching alters the energetic contributions to DNA binding without changes in affinity for the target sequence. Two possible models for the role of NolR in the regulation of different nodulation and symbiosis genes are proposed. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first structural insight on the regulation of genes involved in the agriculturally and ecologically important symbiosis of microbes and plants that leads to nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Support or Funding Information Portions of this research were carried out at the Argonne National Laboratory Structural Biology Center of the Advanced Photon Source, a national user facility operated by the University of Chicago for the Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-AC02-06CH11357). (A) The structure of unliganded NolR is shown as a ribbon diagram. (B) Structure of NolR in complex with the 22-bp oligo AT duplex. (C) Sequence of oligo AT. The purple and red boxes correspond to the regions of the consensus motif highlighted in B. The yellow A and T indicate nucleotides that are variable in the target DNA sequences of NolR. (A) The structure of unliganded NolR is shown as a ribbon diagram. (B) Structure of NolR in complex with the 22-bp oligo AT duplex. (C) Sequence of oligo AT. The purple and red boxes correspond to the regions of the consensus motif highlighted in B. The yellow A and T indicate nucleotides that are variable in the target DNA sequences of NolR.
Electrification Mechanism and Influence Factors of Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Micro‐Contact Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a new green energy‐harvesting technology, the electrification mechanism and output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become the research focuses and difficulties. Based on the basic principles of contact and damage mechanics, a five‐stage micro‐contact model is proposed on the interface of sliding TENGs friction subsurface. Experimental bench is built to complete the experimental validation and factors affecting the output performance of TENGs are experimentally investigated. In the results, it is shown that the contact form of the asperities on the surface of the friction subsurface determines the real contact area and the form of energy conversion, and the dynamical processes between the asperities are influenced by the velocity, load, and material, which further affect the elastic/plastic change of the friction surface and the directional transfer of contact electrons. Normal loading promotes the density and efficiency of electron transfer between the interfaces of the friction sub‐interfaces, but the electrical output performance of the system is no longer enhanced when the load is too high (≥10 N). The faster sliding speed is conducive to improving the output performance of the horizontal sliding TENG in a certain range (0.005–0.100 m s −1 ).
[Possibilities of immunofluorescence in clinico-immunologic diagnosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The immunofluorescence still represents the essential method of the proof of antibodies circulating in the serum, which are of clinical interest as diagnostic markers of autoimmune diseases. The consideration of subtypes of antibodies (instance antimitochondrial antibodies) additionally alleviates the differential diagnosis. Newer methods of immunofluorescence, such as the double-immunofluorescence for the proof of antibodies against hormone-producing cells and against motorie end-plates, further the solid phase fluorescence immunoassay and the fluoroimmunocytoadherence will in future increasingly be used. Up to now the possibility was little used to use the antibodies circulating in our patients for the diagnosis of non-immunological diseases and the cell-biological diagnosis.
SHEAR FRACTURE IN ZIRCONIUM AND ITS ALLOYS. Technical Progress Report.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

temperature. Cooling of samples with thick oxide films from temperature and then recorroding at temperature results in accelerated corrosion. Thermodynamic data on the interaction of Zr intermetallic compounds with 0 and H were obtained. Equilibration with H atmospheres demonstrated that unalloyed Zr is a better getter for H than any of the intermetallic compounds studied. The results of equilibration with 0 at low activity obtained from an Mg/MgO mixture are inconclusive (auth)
Direct synthesis of few-layer graphene supported platinum nanocatalyst for methanol oxidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High-crystalline few-layer graphene supported Pt nanoparticles have been synthesized by arc discharge evaporation of carbon electrodes containing Pt element. A high-temperature treatment under hydrogen atmosphere has been carried out to obtain a new type of Pt/graphene catalyst for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cell. The morphology and structure characterizations of as-grown few-layer graphene supported Pt nanoparticles and Pt/graphene catalysts have been studied by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammograms and chronoamperometric curves show that our present Pt/graphene catalysts have larger current density for methanol oxidation, higher tolerance to carbon monoxide poisoning, and better stability during the operating procedure, compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Standardizing implementation of a surgical information system in Danish hospitals--a comparative study.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Implementation of IT-systems in modern healthcare organizations is associated with large, complex, and expensive projects. Purchase of the system is costly, but resources used to implement the organizational changes that follow, can be extensive. In an attempt to reduce costs, and at the same time to provide a thorough basis for local implementation, Corporate IT in The Capital Region of Denmark developed a standardized system-specific implementation concept for use by the hospitals' local implementations of a Surgical Information system. The system has been implemented in five hospitals within the Capital Region. Through document analysis and interviews with the local project managers, we investigated the use and effectiveness of the standardized implementation concept across five hospitals involved. The study shows that total resource requirements and duration of projects are difficult to compare due to different constructions of the project organizations. We conclude that the implementation concept supports local IT-implementations, but parts of the concept are difficult to translate into practice, while other parts are directly operational.
L-Dopa Stimulated Growth Hormone Release in the Blind

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Following L-Dopa administration (single oral dose of 500 mg), plasma Growth hormone (GH) levels significantly rose in 7 out of 8 normal subjects (aged between 64-83) and in 4 out of 8 blind subjects (aged between 60-88). The mean peak +/- SE in the 8 normal subjects was 24.9 +/- 4.9 ng/ml and in the 8 blind subjects was 11.5 +/- 2.8 ng/ml. These findings represent an additional anomaly in pituitary hormone release in the blind and may indicate that dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus are less sensitive to L-Dopa in blind people than in normal subjects.
Zea mays L. JP 2815

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Zea mays L.
Common name(s): Maize
Other names: 6-29
Conserved by: NARO Genebank (NARO), Japan
Local sample unique identifier: JP 2815
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1969-08-01
Historical: No
Biological status: Other
MLS status: Included