jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Incidence of Pediatric Concussions in General Aspects of Life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Concussions are one of the most common head injuries acquired within the pediatric population. While sport-related concussions are well documented, concussions within other aspects of a child’s life are not as well researched. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of a large pediatric concussion population in a broad range of daily activities. Methods: Patients’ gender and nature of injury were extracted from 1408 medical records of patients who were diagnosed with a concussion at Saint Peter’s Sports Medicine Institute. Statistical analyses were conducted for activities and environmental settings using chi-squared tests. Results: Concussions were most prevalent in organized sports (53.3%), followed by injuries within the following settings: school (16.5%), recreational (6.7%), motor vehicle collisions (6.6%), home (5.5%), and other (11.3%). Specifically, soccer (12.9%), school physical education (PE) class (10.6%), and football (9.8%) subcategories recorded the most incidences of concussion. For the PE class cohort (n = 149), significantly more females were diagnosed with a concussion compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusions: PE-related concussions had the second highest incidence rate after organized sports. A significant gender difference was observed in PE class. Awareness about concussions and methods to reduce the risk of concussion is suggested for PE classes.
Enabling Fast Ionic Conductivity and Stable Interfaces of Composite Polymer Electrolytes by Incorporating Borohydride‐Oxide Dual Fillers for Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are one of the most promising candidates for all‐solid‐state batteries with high energy density, flexibility and safety. However, the applications of PEO with practicability have been refrained from its poor tensile strength, limited Li‐ion migration and ionic conductivity. In this work, the compact and stable flexible CPEs are prepared by PEO matrix with dual‐fillers of LiBH4 and Al2O3, where Al2O3 with Lewis acid sites can weaken the complexation of Li+ and PEO as well as enhance the dissociation of Li salts. Meanwhile LiBH4 acts as fast ion conductor to provide free Li+ at the interfaces between fillers and PEO. Benefiting from their synergistic effects, both ionic conductivity and interface stability between electrolyte and anode of CPEs are improved greatly while the lithium dendrites is also inhibited. As a result, the PEO/Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)/(4%LiBH4/4%γ‐Al2O3) CPEs exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 0.3 mS cm−1 and the Li‐Li symmetrical battery can cycle for 800 h at 60 °C.
Association of prenatal acetaminophen use and acetaminophen metabolites with DNA methylation of newborns: analysis of two consecutive generations of the Isle of Wight birth cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acetaminophen is used by nearly two-thirds of pregnant women. Although considered safe, studies have demonstrated associations between prenatal acetaminophen use and adverse health outcomes in offspring. Since DNA methylation (DNAm) at birth may act as an early indicator of later health, assessments on whether DNAm of newborns is associated with gestational acetaminophen use or its metabolites are needed. Using data from three consecutive generations of the Isle of Wight cohort (F0-grandmothers, F1-mothers, and F2-offspring) we investigated associations between acetaminophen metabolites in F0 serum at delivery with epigenome-wide DNAm in F1 (Guthrie cards) and between acetaminophen use of F1 and F2-cord-serum levels with F2 cord blood DNAm. In epigenome-wide screening, we eliminated non-informative DNAm sites followed by linear regression of informative sites. Based on repeated pregnancies, indication bias analyses tested whether acetaminophen indicated maternal diseases or has a risk in its own right. Considering that individuals with similar intake process acetaminophen differently, metabolites were clustered to distinguish metabolic exposures. Finally, metabolite clusters from F1-maternal and F2-cord sera were tested for their associations with newborn DNAm (F1 and F2). Twenty-one differential DNAm sites in cord blood were associated with reported maternal acetaminophen intake in the F2 generation. For 11 of these cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, an indication bias was excluded and five were replicated in F2 with metabolite clusters. In addition, metabolite clusters showed associations with 25 CpGs in the F0-F1 discovery analysis, of which five CpGs were replicated in the F2-generation. Our results suggest that prenatal acetaminophen use, measured as metabolites, may influence DNAm in newborns.
INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' OPTIONS FOR THE TEACHING PROFESSION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to the Regulation for admission and assessment of students at the Department of Teacher Training, University of Craiova, the admission to the of teacher training programme is open to all students enrolled in the first or second year of the Bachelor's (faculties with a four-year length programme) with no discriminatory criteria. The admission is the occasion of an initial assessment by taking an interview. This interview aims to assess the academic competences of each candidate, to analyse the motivation and attitude towards the teaching profession. The current paper presents the quantitative and qualitative results of the candidates of the teacher training level 1 in the the academic year 2017-2018. They highlight: clearly assumed options for teacher training, supported by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, multiple determination, expected profiles of future students or teachers, in general.
Ramsey ($K_{1,2},K_3$)-Minimal Graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For graphs $G,F$ and $H$ we write $G\rightarrow (F,H)$ to mean that if the edges of $G$ are coloured with two colours, say red and blue, then the red subgraph contains a copy of $F$ or the blue subgraph contains a copy of $H$. The graph $G$ is $(F,H)$-minimal (Ramsey-minimal) if $G\rightarrow (F,H)$ but $G'\not\rightarrow (F,H)$ for any proper subgraph $G'\subseteq G$. The class of all $(F,H)$-minimal graphs shall be denoted by $R (F,H)$. In this paper we will determine the graphs in $R(K_{1,2},K_3)$.
Partnering to Serve and Save the Child with Potential: Reexamining Salvation Narratives within One University-School-Community “Service Learning” Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the discursive construction of recent educational reforms, partnerships embody a wide range of differing political, economic, educational, theoretical, and cultural notions. In addition, the word encompasses a variety of reforms within the educational arena, ranging from corporate sponsorships to enhanced family involvement in the affairs of schools (e.g., parent volunteers in classrooms, parent-community-school councils, fees for books or school uniforms, charitable contributions by individuals or businesses). The notion of partnership also includes a variety of initiatives between nonprofit community volunteer groups and schooling, including neighborhood center or religious group relationships with schools, partnerships between family literacy councils and schools, and other nonprofit agencies. In the United States, neighborhood agencies and community programs, universities, and schools are examples of these partnerships.
Functional Divergence in the Caspase Gene Family and Altered Functional Constraints: Statistical Analysis and Prediction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this article, we explore the pattern of type I functional divergence (i.e., altered functional constraints or site-specific rate difference) in the caspase gene family that is important for apoptosis (programmed cell death) and cytokine maturation. By taking advantage of substantial experimental data from caspases, the functional/structural basis of our posterior predictions from sequence analysis was extensively studied. Our results are as follows: (1) Phylogenetic analysis shows that the evolution of major caspase-mediated pathways has been facilitated by gene duplications, (2) type I functional divergence (altered functional constraints) is statistically significant between two major subfamilies, CED-3 and ICE, (3) 4 of 21 predicted amino acid residues (for site-specific rate difference between CED-3 and ICE) have been verified by experimental evidence, and (4) we found that some CED-3 caspases may inherit more ancestral functions, whereas other members may employ some recently derived functions. Our approach can be cost effective in functional genomics to make statistically sound predictions from amino acid sequences.
Different types of combination effects for the induction of micronuclei in mouse lymphoma cells by binary mixtures of the genotoxic agents MMS, MNU, and genistein. Toxicol Sci

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Distinction between dose addition and response addition for the analysis of the toxicity of mixtures may allow differentiation of the components regarding similar versus independent mode of action. For nonlinear dose responses for the components, curves of dose addition and response addition differ and embrace an ‘‘envelope of additivity.’ ’ Synergistic or antagonistic interaction may then be postulated only if the mixture effect is outside this surface. This situation was analyzed for the induction of micronuclei in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells by the two methylating agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and the topoisomerase-II inhibitor genistein (GEN). All three chemicals reproducibly generated sublinear (upward convex) dose-response relationships. For the analysis of mixture effects, these genotoxic agents were investigated in the three binary combinations. Statistical testing for dose addition along parallel
The Abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate, 1924

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the aftermath of the First World War, with the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent removal of the caliphate in 1924, pan-Islamists shifted their focus to Cairo and Mecca rather than Jerusalem as potential sites for a revived caliphate. In this historical context, several meetings were convened to discuss the future of Islam. Notably, none of them produced a consensus or resolved the contentious issue of the caliphate. This chapter revisits the contentious theoretical debates surrounding political and diplomatic efforts related to the caliphate question. It centres primarily on the 1926 Cairo Congress, the only assembly that overtly addressed the caliphate issue. Additionally, this article seeks to delineate the roles played by the last Ottoman claimants to the title, specifically the dethroned Mehmed VI Vahideddin (1861–1926), who reigned from 1918 to 1922 as both Ottoman sultan and caliph, and his cousin Abdülmecid Efendi (1868–1944), who held the position of caliph from 1922 to 1924, marking the conclusion of the Ottoman dynasty’s caliphate legacy.
[Trauma and chronic pain: echoes and amplifications of physical and emotional suffering].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic pain often presents following a traumatic event, or alternatively, patients attribute pain to a trauma, whether this link is established or not. The psychological impact of trauma can significantly complicate the treatment of chronic pain. This article aims to review the known interactions between trauma and chronic pain. Following this review, it discusses therapeutic avenues suited to these complex situations, underlining the specific contributions of the different members of a multidisciplinary team.
Slaving Principles, Balanced Dynamics, and the Hydrostatic Boussinesq Equations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The problem of finding higher-order generalizations of the quasigeostrophic and semigeostrophic models, that is, higher-order balanced models, is investigated systematically by using a slaving principle. It is shown that most existing balanced models are based on an underlying slave equation with varying master variables and that this slaving approach arises as an alternative to the secular conventional Rossby number expansions. While in the conventional expansions all variables are expanded in a power series in the Rossby number, the slaving approach suggests modified expansion or iteration procedures in which only the fast variables (associated with gravity modes) are expanded or iterated. The slow variables (associated with vortical modes) are now the master variables in the system; a well-known choice for large-scale extratropical flows in geophysical fluid dynamics is potential vorticity. To illustrate both the iteration and the modified expansion procedures, the slaving approach is applied to the rapidly rotating hydrostatic Boussinesq equations in a horizontally semi-infinite domain by using a Rossby number scaling. Higher-order generalizations of the quasigeostrophic equations result from modified expansions, and higher-order generalizations of the semigeostrophic equations result from nonlinear iterations. The validity of the latter for small Rossby numbers as well as small frontal parameters exemplifies the advantage nonlinear iterations have.
A Unifying Theory of Structural Decompostions for the Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this talk (draft paper) we develop the theory of structural decompositions for the CSP. We begin with the very general notion of a guarded decomposition and make several simplifying assumptions to arrive a the definition of an acyclic guarded cover. We show how many existing decompositions can seen as acyclic guarded covers. We develop a generic algorithm for discovering acyclic guarded covers under the further assumption that they have a join tree satisfying a simple extra condition. We show that many existing decompositions do in fact satisfy this extra condition. Using this theory we are able to describe a new class of structural decompostion which we call spread cuts. These generalise many existing decomposition methods. We present a class of hypergraphs whose spread cut width is significantly smaller than their hypertree width. The definition of a guarded decomposition and the algorithm for discovering them were motvated by the similar algorithms developed by Gottlob, Scarcello and Leone in their work on hypertrees. The authors also wish to acknowledge that an acyclic guarded decomposition is very similar to a generalised hypertree decomposition as described in the hypertree literature.
Some optical and dynamical phenomena in the Rindler model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In Rindler's model of a uniformly accelerated reference frame we analyze the apparent shape of rods and marked light rays for the case that the observers as well as the rods and the sources of light are at rest with respect to the Rindler observers. Contrary to the expectation suggested by the strong principle of equivalence, there is no apparent "bending down" of a light ray with direction transversal to the direction of acceleration, but a straight rod oriented orthogonal to the direction of acceleration appears bended "upwards". These optical phenomena are in accordance with the dynamical experience of observers guided by a straight track or a track curved in the same way as the marked light ray, respectively: While the former observer feels a centrifugal force directed "downwards", the centrifugal force for the latter vanishes. The properties of gyroscope transport along such tracks are correspondingly.
Factors that influence earwitness confidence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Researchers have examined the reliability of eyewitness testimony, but earwitness testimony has not received the same attention. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether biases exist that influence earwitness confidence regarding their target selection in a lineup. In this study, participants listened to a recording of a conversation (criminal, neutral, or vulnerable), completed a filler task, and then rated their confidence that each voice was the target in a six-voice lineup. The voices in the lineup varied in pitch (high, medium, and low) and in emotion (emotional or monotone). When the target voice was present in the lineup, participants reported the highest confidence in the target voice when there was a match in pitch and emotion, especially in the criminal context compared to the neutral or vulnerable contexts. In target-absent lineups, participants’ confidence ratings for the lineup voices were influenced by a voice frequency heuristic such that participants were least confident in high-pitched voices in the criminal content condition and low-pitched voices in the vulnerable content condition. Confidence ratings also negatively correlated with response time. It is suggested that emotion, content, and pitch should be controlled for in future earwitness research.
ISO 9000: Link between Seeking Certification and Perceived Benefit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the result of a study on perceived benefits of obtaining ISO 9000 certification. \nIn addition, the link between the intentions of seeking ISO certification with perceived benefit \nwas explored. The results were based on a survey of 405 Malaysian companies with 307 being ISO \ncompanies and 98 non-ISO companies. The study revealed that three internal benefits were \nexpected from ISO exercise: (1) Better Documentation (2), Greater Quality Awareness, and (3) \nImproved Measurement System. For external benefits, these items were identified: (1) Improved \nCustomer Satisfaction, (2) Higher Perceived Quality, and (3) Competitive Edge. Statistical results \non the link between the reason for seeking the certificate with perceived benefit have indicated \nthat companies with developmental reasons have higher perceived internal benefits in areas such \nas: (1) Reductions in Scrap, (2) Improved Departmental Co-operation, (3) Greater Quality \nAwareness, and (4) Higher Preventive Action, as compared to non-developmental companies. For \npair developmental and mixed, significant difference was only evidenced for greater quality \nawareness. No significant differences were identified for pair mixed and non-developmental. In \nterms of external benefits, significant differences were not found for any combination of reason \nseeking certification. This may be due to the fact that external benefits were exogenous factors \nthat could not be considered as reasons for seeking certification.
Success rate, treatment duration, and pain perception in the management of palatally impacted canines using the K9 and Ballista spring: a randomized clinical trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the success rate, treatment duration, and pain perceived during forced eruption of maxillary palatally impacted canines using the K9 and Ballista springs. Materials and Methods Thirty unilateral palatal canine impactions of moderate and difficult category as determined by KPG index (score between 10 and 19) were enrolled. Group 1 comprised canine impactions managed with K9 springs, and Group 2 comprised Ballista springs. Block randomization and opaque sealed envelopes were used for allocation. The success rate and treatment duration (application of force to ligation of the impacted canine into the initial alignment archwire) were recorded. Pain perception was evaluated on a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified McGill Pain Questionnaire. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the groups. Results The success rate for eruption of palatally impacted canines was 100%. The average treatment duration was 296.13 ± 96.45 days and 311.93 ± 94.34 days, respectively for Group 1 and Group 2. VAS scale scores for pain were greater for Group 2 compared to Group1, and the differences were statistically significant at all time intervals except at T1. The frequency of none and mild pain was significantly greater at all time intervals in both groups. Conclusions The impacted canines of moderate and difficult category were erupted with a 100% success rate and similar treatment duration with both interventions. The pain scores of Ballista springs were greater after 24 hours of force application.
PERFORMANCE DIGEST OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICES RENDERED BY PUBLIC SECTOR AND NGOs IN DISTRICT KOHAT OF NWFP, PAKISTAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Pakistan agriculture department is mainly mandated for the Agricultural development in the country. Their responsibility is shared by NGO’s to some extent. The public sector and NGO are discharging the dissemination of improved agriculture practices among the farming community. The present study was conducted in district Kohat, 2007. The data included all types of respondents i-e age below 30 years(26%), 30 to 40 years (24.67%) and above 40 years (49.33%),with educational status illiterate (39.67%), literate up to primary (15%), middle (27.33%), metric and above (18%) and having land below 20 acres (50%), 20 to 40 acres (16.67%) and above 40 acres (33.33%). Both public and NGO’s sectors are playing important role in providing information, inputs recommendations of different crops in their own perspective. But, farmers were satisfied with the working efficiency of NGOs regarding wheat and maize etc. They were also getting benefits from the worth while advices and the help of public sector and NGO’s.
Finding meaning in our everyday moments: testing a novel intervention to increase employee well-being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose The benefits of meaning in the workplace are abundant. However, few opportunities exist to increase meaning among employees in ways that result in desired organizational impacts. The current study developed two new mindfulness-based interventions designed to ultimately increase both job and life satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Over five days, 67 participants either: (1) Reported their daily activities, (2) Additionally rated the meaningfulness of each hour, or (3) Additionally planned to increase the meaning of the least meaningful activities. At the beginning and end of the week, they also reported their job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Findings Results suggested that listing daily activities and rating the meaningfulness of each hour was most beneficial. Compared to only listing daily activities, this group experienced greater job and life satisfaction. In contrast, the group that additionally attempted to increase the meaningfulness of their daily activities did not perform better on either of these measures. Practical implications Spending only a few minutes focusing on recognizing the meaning in one's daily activities can improve one's job and life satisfaction. As such, organizations may consider encouraging engagement in such a task either at the end of the workday or at home. Doing so may result in an increase in both how satisfied they are at home and at work. Originality/value This provides initial evidence for a short intervention that may greatly increase the well-being of employees at work and home.