jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition of essential oil from Jordanian Lupinus varius L.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from flowering shoots of Lupinus varius L. was analyzed by GC–FID and GC–MS. Chemical analysis of this oil showed that it includes a complex mixture of aldehydes, alcohols, esters and mono- and sesquiterpenes. Forty one compounds were characterized in the oil. The major components of the oil were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (20.5%), pentadecanal (10.2%), (E) nerolidol (8.43%), carracol ethyl ether (4.3%), α-humulene (3.6%), (2Z,13E)-ocatadeca-2,13-dien-l0-ol (3.2%) and caryophyllene-5-ol (2.7%).
Borges : form and the sublime.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reading and writing about Jorge Luis Borges can be challenging, as his work reflects his vast knowledge of literature, philosophy, mathematics, and even, to a certain extent, physics. He also displays a wide range of writing styles that defy neat classification into genres. This essay attempts to find out what Borges is seeking through his writing, because it is blatantly obvious that there is a huge driving force behind the exploratory bent in his work, and argues that his writing functions as a record of his intellectual exploration. His use of various narrative strategies creates complex works that mirror his perception of the labyrinthian universe, and his writing serves as a way of framing and accessing the sublime. Borges’ writing also shows that he never manages to understand the universe and how it works, because the universe as he sees it is ineffable and impossible for a human to fully understand. Although his work sometimes reveals how intimidating this complexity is, it is by and large a celebration of the strangeness of the sublime in the universe, and Borges is comfortable with this strangeness, because he knows that "in this world, beauty is of all of us" (Poems 267) and that is meaning enough for him.
Comparative legal analysis of external functions of Ukraine and Hungary: implementation of experience (Part 1)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The structure of external functions is the same for most states, the main differences between them are contained in the approaches to their implementation. For Ukraine, which until February 24 was on the verge of a full-scale military invasion and conducted its activities in an almost basic mode, today must not only review its stereotypical tasks, but must create them in a new way. Now a new military battle has begun for Ukraine and Ukrainians, and each component of the function is own separate front of confrontation today. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is considered as a PR manager of the international level of a specific state. Based on the experience of Hungary and the legislative tasks of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, which are quite extensive with a wide range of tasks, it is proposed to systematize its competences into six logical groups. The first is to promote the interests of Ukraine and support security and territorial integrity. The second is investments and information space. The third is maintaining ties with legal and physical Ukrainians. The fourth is image formation. The fifth is the EU and NATO. And considering the foreign policy strategy, as a sixth separate group we can highlight the expansion of relations with Africa and Asia, because this is not only a new breath for the renewal of relations, but also a new stage of investment and trade, which is mutually beneficial for both sides. The group's data are priorities for the coming years, and each of these realized directions will help not only in rebuilding the destroyed, but also in creating a new one, otherwise, we can predict that Ukraine will be thrown back decades. Under each of the proposed systematic groups, a specific component of the external function is considered, as a way of realizing the function itself and the goal of the selected group. These components of the external function in this scientific article of the first part are considered foreign-political (diplomatic), foreign-economic and foreign-informational as a comparative analysis with the experience of Hungary. A significant difference is the levels from which they operate. It is not surprising that the de jure level of a European state with all its privileges and disadvantages makes Hungary more stable and protected from external influences, Ukraine is, on the contrary, more vulnerable, because behind Hungary stands the Alliance with the latest weapons developments, behind Ukraine - Ukrainians.
APD-CLDs induce a hypoxia- and ETC/OXPHOS-dependent necrotic cell death.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Realtime apoptosis-necrosis assay: PANC-1 cells were treated with BE-43547A2 (3 µM) or the apoptosis-inducer raptinal (10 µM) under either hypoxia or normoxia while the membrane integrity and phosphatidylserine translocation was followed in real-time using a membrane impermeable DNA stain and an annexin V-luciferase fusion protein, respectively (RealTime-Glo™ Annexin V Apoptosis and Necrosis Assay, Promega, Cat#: JA1011). A delay between phosphatidylserine translocation and loss of membrane integrity designates a canonical apoptotic cell death. Data is represented in relative fluorescent and luminescent units. N = 3. Inhibition of cell death pathways:BE-43547A2-induced cell death in hypoxic PANC-1 cells cannot be blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh (24 h). As a positive control normoxic cells treated with the apoptosis-inducer raptinal could be rescued with Q-VD-OPh. Toxicity was measured by CellTox Green (Promega) and RFUs were normalized to the average RFU of untreated cells. N = 3. PANC-1 cells were treated with BE-43547A2 (100 nM) in combination with serial dilutions of necrostatin-5 (Nec-5) or DPQ for 48 hours under hypoxia. Toxicity was measured by CellTox Green. N = 3. Modulatory profiling: PANC-1 cells were treated with lethal concentrations of APD-CLDs or ferroptosis-inducers in combination with a panel of small molecule modulators of various cellular processes. Each data point represents the mean of three replicates. Viability was assessed with CellTiter Blue (Promega, Cat# G8080).Hits in the modulatory profiling were confirmed by treating PANC-1 cells with serial dilutions of APD-CLDs or ferroptosis-inducers in the absence or presence of the hit compound for 48 hours under hypoxia. N = 3. PANC-1 cells treated with APD-CLDs can be rescued by the ER stress inhibitor azoramide. N = 3. Full dose-response curves of the modulation of ferroptosis with the ferroptosis-inhibitors NHI-2 and antimycin A. N = 3.
859 DOES A COMBINATION PILL OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IMPROVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN JAPANESE?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: In order to achieve target blood pressure levels to prevent cardiovascular disease, combination therapy of antihypertensive drugs is often required, although it is thought that requiring a patient to take many different pills would reduce adherence to the medication regimen. We have investigated whether or not antihypertensive treatment with a single pill combining antihypertensive drugs would improve medication adherence and blood pressure control. Methods: A total of 207 hypertensive subjects were randomly assigned to a combination pill group (losartan 50 mg/ hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg; n = 103) or a control group (an angiotensin receptor blocker and a thiazide diuretic; n = 104). Medication adherence was evaluated by pill counts at 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. Results: The mean adherence rates over 6 months were not different between the two groups: 98% in the combination pill group and 98 % in the control group. Moreover, the two groups included similar numbers of subjects with relatively poor adherence rates (<90%) in each treatment period. Mean blood pressures over the 6-month treatment period were not different between the groups: 131/75 mmHg in the combination pill group and 130/75 mmHg in the control group (p = 0.84/0.96). Conclusions: There were no appreciable effects of the combination pill of antihypertensive drugs on medication adherence or blood pressure control in Japanese patients over 6 months.
Assessing the practical implementation of the EU’s values in EU–China dialogues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Literature debating the role of the EU’s values in its external relations has neglected to adequately define and empirically explore the practical promotion or mainstreaming of these aspects in diplomatic dialogues with third countries, at the micro-level . Departing from an often abstract focus by scholars on policy outcomes at the macro-level, a concentration on micro-level processes enables an explanation of how value mainstreaming is actually taking place and the elements informing this. It encompasses the role of individual EU officials, the mechanisms guiding their activities, and the impact of interlocutors from third countries. Addressing this gap, this paper defines EU value mainstreaming and conducts a discourse analysis of a comprehensive sample of interviews with EU officials operationalising EU–China dialogues, arguably the hardest test case. It is found that value mainstreaming is rarely taking place in practice due to a nuanced combination of factors. These include EU officials’ perceived lack of responsibility for undertaking such activities, anticipated obstruction by Chinese interlocutors, and counterproductive mainstreaming approaches.
The Effects of Rope Jumping and Swiss Ball Exercise on Young Children's Bone Formation Markers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

취학 전 유아를 대상으로 12주간 줄넘기운동과 스위스 볼 운동을 병행한 운동 프로그램을 실시한 결과 결론은 다음과 같다. 신체조성의 변화 각 집단 내 운동 효과에 대한 신체조성의 변화에서 운동군과 대조군 모두 산장, 체중, 체지방량 및 체지방률이 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 시기에 따른 집단 간 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 오스테오칼신 각 집단 내 운동 효과에 대한 오스테오칼신의 변화에서 운동군은 남아, 여아 모두 유의성이 나타나지 않았고, 대조군은 여아의 경우만 유의하게 감소하였다. 시기에 따른 집단 간 상호작용효과도 나타나지 않았다. 알카리성 포스파타제 각 집단 내 운동효과에 대한 알카리성 포스파타제의 변화에서 운동군과 대조군 모두 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 시기에 따른 집단 간 상호작용효과는 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과에서 줄넘기 및 스위스 볼 운동이 취학전 유아의 시기에 따른 집단간 상호작용효과는 나타내지 못했지만 집단 내 변화에서 대조군 보다 긍정적인 변화를 나타내었으며, 알카리성 포스파타제의 변인에서 상호작용 효과가 나타나 골량의 형성기인 유아들에게 줄넘기 및 스위스 볼 운동의 적용이 발율 향상과 골 건강 증진에 긍정적인 변화를 나타내었다. 하지만 오스테오칼신 농도의 연화에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 따라서, 향후 운동강도와 운동기간 등을 고려한 연구가 요구된다. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of 12 weeks rope jumping and Swiss ball exercise (55 to 75% HRR: 3 times a week) on body composition and bone formation markers in young children. Forty eight participants were divided into two groups, the exercise group (n=24) and the control group (n=24). All items were assesed before and after exercise program. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Body composition: In the comparison of mean changes before and after exercise program execution on body composition within each group, the exercise group showed significant increases in height, weight, fat mass and %fat. The control group showed significant increases in all items. The interaction effect between groups and time didn't appear a significant difference. 2. Osteocalcin: In the comparison of mean changes before and after exercise program execution in osteocalcin within each group, the exercise group didn't appear a significant change and the control group were significantly decreased in girl children. The interaction effect between groups and time didn't appear a significant difference. 3. Alkaline phosphatase: In the comparison of mean changes before and after exercise program in Alkaline phosphatase within each group didn't appear a significant difference in exercise group and control group. The interaction effect between groups and time showed a significant difference. In conclusion, for young children in the stage of the formation of bone mineral contents, rope jumping and Swiss ball exercise are postive effect in promoting their growth and bone health, but osteocalcin concentration did not changes. Thus, further research is required to consider intensity and duration of exercise on bone formation markers of young children's.
Historical dictionary of atomic espionage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Almost from the moment in 1940 that Otto Frisch and Rudofl Peierls suggested, from their small office in the University of Birmingham, that an atomic weapon could be miniaturized and delivered to its target by aircraft, the concept of atomic espionage can be said to have existed. No sooner had the famous Frisch-Peierls Memorandum been received by the British War Cabinet than a Soviet mole, John Cairncross, passed the details on to his Soviet contact. And 70 years later with the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) estimating that up to 40 countries now have the capability of building nuclear weapons, the need to monitor this activity remains crucial. The Historical Dictionary of Atomic Espionage relates the history of atomic espionage through a chronology, an introductory essay, and cross-referenced dictionary entries on the agencies, agents, and operations. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about atomic espionage.
The Business Strategic Plans for Maximizing Profits of Professional Baseball Teams in Korea

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the business strategic plans for maximizing profits of professional baseball teams in Korea. This study analyzed data of 8 professional baseball teams. Ten people, including an ex-professional baseball team executive director, a KBO member, and 8 sport marketer from each professional teams were examined. A total of 10 individual interviews were conducted.. And open questionnaire, literature review, baseball related homepage, materials from KBO seminar and meeting were utilized for this investigation. Also visiting marketing teams in each professional team were conducted. Qualitative methodology was utilized in this investigation and the interview transcripts were analyzed. The interviews were tape recorded. The results of this study showed value comparison and financial status of 8 professional teams and also explained the business strategic plans for maximizing profits of professional baseball teams in Korea.
Seeking and sharing information about the threat of nuclear war

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study contributes to information behavior research by examining how people seek and share information related to the threat of nuclear war. To achieve this, a sample of 1279 posts submitted to Quora—a social Q&A site—were scrutinized by means of qualitative content analysis. The analysis was based on identification of three question types indicative of attempts to seek information and five answer types expressive of information sharing. The findings indicate that the online participants mainly presented opinion questions, while the role of fact questions remained marginal. While sharing threat-related information, the participants primarily offered opinion answers. To a lesser extent, the repertoire of answers also included explanation, prediction, fact, action directive and encouragement answers. The predominance of opinion answers is understandable because there is no recent experience about the use of nuclear weapons against civil targets. Therefore, much of threat-related information shared in online discussion necessarily originates from people’s personal views of what a nuclear war and its effects could be like. The findings highlight that people mainly seek opinions of other people, rather than factual information about the threat of nuclear war.
Estrategias y métodos de traducción de culturemas en los Mensajes Presidenciales de China por el Año Nuevo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to analyze the culturemes present in the Chinese New Year presidential messages delivered between 2023 and 2025, identifying the relationship between their cultural connotations and the choice of translation strategies and methods. The study is grounded in cultural translation theory and applies a corpus-based approach that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to examine the strategies and methods employed. The findings reveal that culturemes reflect cultural connotations related to a positive attitude and the fundamental values of Chinese society, national colors and subjective states, national identity and spirit, as well as natural landscapes and seasonal concepts. The study concludes that these cultural connotations directly influence the selection of translation strategies and methods, such as foreignization, used to highlight Chinese identity; domestication, which facilitates comprehension; or a combination of both, which balances the two approaches and ensures accurate cultural transmission. Therefore, translators must make decisions based on the different cultural connotations in order to achieve effective communication.
[Stimulation of testicular secretion by chorionic gonadotrophin. Results in normal men and in hypogonadic patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In normal adult male, the intra-muscular hCG-test (5000 I.U. X 3) results in a progressive rise of plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and in a sharp increase of plasma estradiol followed by a decrease although th hCG stimulation is maintained. In testicular dysgenesis, the testosterone and estradiol responses are variable. In adult male gonadotropin deficiency, basal testosterone is always very low, and rises strongly, under hCG-test, only when previous and recent (less than 10 years) exposure to endogenous or exogenous gonadotropin had induced virilization ; by contrast the defective response of estradiol in all cases provides a reliable estimate of the actual gonadotropin deficiency.
American Politics and Political Science in an Era of Growing Racial Diversity and Economic Disparity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political science should play a larger role in grappling with the political roots, meanings, and implications of the various levels and unique configurations of class inequality and racial diversity that have characterized the last several decades of U.S. history. I offer some observations about the discipline’s research, or lack thereof, and indicate suggestions about how we might think about and do more in these respects. I will come at these concerns by noting some developments that influenced the present in social and political terms and other events in political science; identifying intellectual guideposts that may help how we think about research issues of our day; considering why race and class are not studied (more); acknowledging how the questions have been studied, as well as noting some reservations about these; and providing several examples from the research in which I have been involved, both directly and indirectly, that suggest how we might or can study these questions.
Persepsi Masyarakat Muslim Terhadap Praktik Suntik Putih: Studi Kasus Pada Salon Kecantikan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whitening injection was a treatment method used by injecting vitamin C directly into the blood vessels. It is forbidden in Islamic law. It was necessary to know more about the background of the social reality of the community, social factors of the community, social symptoms and the condition of the community in Pule Village, Kandat District, Kediri Regency, where was the reason why people continue to practice whitening injections. according to the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law, it was seen as a change in social behaviour from strict adherence to sharia law. People had no obedience and practice of Islamic law in their social behaviour in society. It was supposed to be illegal, but it was still done by salon owners and customers. Salon owners still provide whitening injection treatments because of economic factors. Meanwhile, customers still did whitening injections because of aesthetic factors. Meanwhile, some people in Pule Village, Kandat District, Kediri Regency, know the law regarding the prohibition of white injection so they did not practice whitening injection. Therefore, religious leaders as social controllers who understand Islamic sharia should educate the public about how the white injection law was to prevent this practice.
Study on the Relationship between Social Studies Course Self-efficacy and Motivation Levels of Secondary School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine secondary school students' social studies course self -efficacy and social studies course motivation (intrinsic motivation, heeding, extrinsic motivation) levels.Study sample is composed of 305 7th class secondary school students.In the study, data was collected using relational survey model and "Social Studies Course Self-Efficacy Scale" and "Social Studies Course Motivation Scale" were applied to the students.In the study, firstly Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and the relationships between the variables were examined, then, multiple linear regression analysis was performed with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, heeding and academic achievement variables.The data obtained in the study shows that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and academic achievement variables predict students' social studies self-efficacy levels and explain 64% of self-efficacy.On the other hand, it has been determined that heeding dimension of the motivation is not a significant predictor of self-efficacy.
2D26 Morphological properties of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a low-elastic substratum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stem cell-based self-assembled tissue (scSAT) biosynthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has a great potential for the repair and regeneration of cartilage. For the improvement of the mechanical properties of the scSAT it is a candidate solution to promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. In the present study, cell/tissue culture substratum having various elastic moduli were developed using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different mixing ratios of main agent and curing agent. Rabbit synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the substrates. Results revealed that cell adhesion area became narrower and aspect ratio became higher as the substratum became softer. It is suggested that the differentiation of MSCs is dependent on the elasticity of culture substratum.
Transition State Structure of Salmonella typhimurium Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) catalyzes the magnesium-dependent conversion of alpha-D-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotate to orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) and pyrophosphate. We have determined kinetic isotope effects on the reaction of OMP with pyrophosphate and with the pyrophosphate analog phosphonoacetic acid. In the latter case, full expression of the kinetic isotope effects allowed us to calculate the structure of the transition state for the pyrophosphorylytic reaction. The transition state resembles a classical oxocarbonium ion. Using the recently reported three-dimensional structures of the OPRTase-OMP (Scapin et al., 1994) and the OPRTase-PRPP complexes (Scapin et al., 1995a), we have modeled the calculated transition state structure into the active site of OPRTase. We propose a detailed chemical mechanism which is consistent with these results.