jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CASMI TSCC Launch Event, Paris, France, July 2013: An Assessment of the Key Barriers to the Commercialization and Clinical Adoption of Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The high incidence of unmet medical needs in combination with the rising burden of chronic diseases, linked to an increasingly aging population, necessitates new approaches to therapeutic intervention. One potential class of health care innovation that may offer an alternative approach to addressing current shortfalls is stem cell therapies. The CASMI Translational Stem Cell Consortium (CTSCC) was formed to elucidate the key hurdles to the commercialization and clinical adoption of stem cell technologies, with a particular focus on pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technologies. As a global pre-competitive academic–industry consortium, the CTSCC unites thought leaders from a range of sectors and technical specialties in defining and discovering solutions to roadblocks that will impede the field. Targeted toward stakeholder requirements at the delivery end of the translational spectrum, the CTSCC aims to provide mechanisms for multidirectional dialogue and to produce academically rigorous and commercially practicable research outputs to accelerate industry progress. On the 30th and 31st of July, 2013, the CASMI Translational Stem Cell Consortium (CTSCC) held a launch event at the Saint James Club, Paris, France.
THE GREEK CONCEPTION OF THE OTTOMAN ERA: ISLAMOPHOBIA AND MUSLIMS LABELED AS THE OTHER

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To the Greeks, the Ottoman era was a “Dark Age” one that comprised a threat to their Greek Orthodox identity. The identities of Orthodox and Hellene were integral parts in the construction of their national history. In fact, the Morea Uprising, which began in 1821, was symbolized by a priest blessing the Greek flag in Aya Lavra Church. One of the most common national myths is religious oppression of the Christian population during the Ottoman Era, namely Turkokratia. They identified Ottomans as Asian barbarians who did not let Greeks practice their religion freely, and who furthermore forced them to change their religion. These kinds of beliefs, which might be taken as religious propaganda, are today still highlighted both in Greek textbooks and in publications supported by the church and books and newspapers published in their affiliated institutes. The underlying truth behind all these propagandist statements is Islamophobia. The existence of Islamophobia in the Balkans, where religious nationalism is intense, has caused nations to hold to these kinds of mythical beliefs. Most of the time the stories and narratives have been used for history building.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of the anti-Islam propaganda of the church in Greece on the state and the people using Greek sources. The references are Greek religious textbooks and books and newspapers published by church-supporting publishing houses.
Effect of flint corn processing method and roughage level on finishing performance of Nellore-based cattle1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flint corn processing method (CPM) and level of NDF from roughage (rNDF) on performance, carcass characteristics, and starch utilization by finishing Nellore-based cattle fed high-concentrate, flint corn-based diets. In this study, 112 Nellore type bulls (initial BW 384.07 ± 29.53 kg and 24-36 mo of age) were individually fed using Calan gates or individual pens. The animals were used in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 2 CPM, high-moisture flint corn (HMC) or finely ground dry flint corn (FGC), with 1 of 4 levels of rNDF, 3, 8, 13, and 18% (DM basis), using sugarcane silage (SS) as roughage. Bulls were adapted to the finishing diet over a 21-d period and fed for a total of 81 d. Fecal starch (FS) concentration was determined on d 46 and 74 of the feeding period. There was a quadratic effect of rNDF on final BW ( < 0.01) and ADG ( = 0.01). Optimal concentrations of rNDF were estimated using the first derivative of second order polynomials, indicating that final BW and ADG were maximized with 13.3 and 13.0% rNDF, respectively. An interaction was observed between CPM and rNDF ( = 0.05) for DMI, with peak DMI occurring at 11.3 and 13.7% rNDF with FGC and HMC, respectively. Cattle fed HMC had 13.9% greater G:F ( < 0.01) compared with those fed FGC (0.172 vs. 0.151, respectively). There were quadratic effects of rNDF on HCW ( = 0.04) and ME intake ( < 0.01); heaviest carcass weights were estimated, in both cases, to be achieved with 12.8% rNDF. A quadratic effect of rNDF for renal, pelvic, and inguinal fat weight ( = 0.04) was observed, with a peak estimated to occur at 12.6% rNDF. An interaction between CPM and rNDF also was observed for FS ( < 0.05). Bulls fed FGC with 3% rNDF had greater FS content, and FS linearly decreased as concentration of rNDF increased. For bulls fed HMC, FS was 3.0% of DM and was unaffected by rNDF in the diet. Lower FS from bulls fed HMC suggests that availability of starch from flint corn was greater than that of FGC. For Nellore-based cattle fed a flint corn-based diet containing SS and 8% whole lint cottonseed, performance was optimized with 12.8% rNDF. In the absence of cottonseed addition to diets, optimal performance would be expected with about 14.5% rNDF.
Antihypertensives in oral submucous fibrosis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Oral submucous fibrosis is a common pre-malignant condition affecting the oral mucosa with more prevalence among Indian population. Various treatment modalities have been elucidated in order to alleviate the symptoms associated with OSMF. Currently oral Anti-hypertensive has been proved to have beneficial result in treating OSMF because of its anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, immunomodulatory and rheologic modifying property. Several categories of drugs have been used in the treatment of OSMF but their effectiveness leaves much to be desired and no treatment regimen has afforded definitive cure. While Oral administration limits the concentration of drugs in lesional tissue and increases the potential for side effects, the Intralesional injections are associated with significant mechanical injury and noncompliance on the patient’s part because of the accompanying discomfort and pain. The present study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of oral antihypertensives in the management of OSMF. Very few studies across world have showed that anti-hypertensive drugs showed significant improvement in mouth opening, reduction in burning sensation. Hence anti-hypertensive can be a good alternative in the management of OSMF for whom intralesional steroids or hyaluronidase are contraindicated, for those who cannot make frequent visit and to avoid pain due to injection.
Development and biomechanical analysis of an axially controlled compression spinal rod for lumbar spondylolysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To elucidate the differences in mechanical performance between a novel axially controlled compression spinal rod (ACCSR) for lumbar spondylolysis (LS) and the common spinal rod (CSR). Methods: A total of 36 ACCSRs and 36 CSRs from the same batch were used in this study, each with a diameter of 6.0 mm. Biomechanical tests were carried out on spinal rods for the ACCSR group and on pedicle screw-rod internal fixation systems for the CSR group. The spinal rod tests were conducted following the guidelines outlined in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F 2193, while the pedicle screw-rod internal fixation system tests adhered to ASTM F 1798-97 standards. Results: The stiffness of ACCSR and CSR was 1559.15 ± 50.15 and 3788.86 ± 156.45 N/mm ( P < .001). ACCSR’s yield load was 1345.73 (1297.90–1359.97) N, whereas CSR’s was 4046.83 (3805.8–4072.53) N ( P = .002). ACCSR’s load in the 2.5 millionth cycle of the fatigue four-point bending test was 320 N. The axial gripping capacity of ACCSR and CSR was 1632.53 ± 165.64 and 1273.62 ± 205.63 N ( P = .004). ACCSR’s torsional gripping capacity was 3.45 (3.23–3.47) Nm, while CSR’s was 3.27 (3.07–3.59) Nm ( P = .654). The stiffness of the pedicle screws of the ACCSR and CSR group was 783.83 (775.67–798.94) and 773.14 (758.70–783.62) N/mm ( P = .085). The yield loads on the pedicle screws of the ACCSR and CSR group was 1345.73 (1297.90–1359.97) and 4046.83 (3805.8–4072.53) N ( P = .099). Conclusion: Although ACCSR exhibited lower yield load, stiffness, and fatigue resistance compared to CSR, it demonstrated significantly higher axial gripping capacity and met the stress requirement of the human isthmus. Consequently, ACCSR presents a promising alternative to CSR for LS remediation.
CTX-M &#946;-Lactamases: An Update

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During recent years, new extended-spectrum β-lactamase-type enzymes (ESBL) have emerged worldwide. The new enzymes, called CTX-M-type enzymes, belong to Ambler class A β-lactamases, and possess a serine in the active center of the molecule. The family of CTX-M enzymes is grouped, on the basis of similarities in amino acid sequences, into five major phylogenetic categories: the CTX-M-1 group, the CTX-M-2 group, the CTX-M-8 group, the CTX-M-25 and the CTX-M-9 group. The designation "CTX-M" refers to potent activity against cefotaxime, an aminotiazolil cephalosporin with a methoximino group; these enzymes have only remanent activity toward ceftazidime, another aminotiazolil cephalosporin with a 2-carboxy-2-oxypropaneimino group instead of the methoximino group. The substrate specificity suggests the existence of an active centre in the enzymes able to provide the amino acids and structural requirements of this selective antibiotic hydrolytic profile. As regards the crystalline structure of the CTX-M enzymes, only that of Toho-1 has so far been resolved. There have recently been increasing numbers of reports in the medical literature describing the appearance of new CTXM- type enzymes that are able to hydrolyze ceftazidime, and indicating that the bacterial strains harboring these enzymes show high levels of resistance to ceftazidime. So far, it has been shown that only two unique amino acid replacements are required to confer this peculiar phenotype of ceftazidime hydrolysis (Asp240-Gly and Pro167-Ser, following the criteria for Ambler numbering). As regards cefotaxime hydrolysis, Ser130-Gly replacement in CTX-M-9 and Arg276-Asn in CTX-M-4 decreases hydrolytic activity against cefotaxime. However, no further studies have been carried out to elucidate which new amino acids are necessary for cefotaxime incorporation and hydrolysis. Our research team is currently investigating this, and we have recently discovered new amino acids with critical activity against cefotaxime. In summary, we report here up-to-date information about structural/functional studies of CTX-M- enzymes as well as a description of the enzymes and their phylogenetic relationships. Keywords: ctx-m enzymes, structure-function
Animal models of leukodystrophy: a new perspective for the development of therapies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The leukodystrophies are a family of heritable disorders characterised by white matter degeneration, accompanied by variable clinical symptoms including loss of motor function and cognitive decline. Now thought to include over 50 distinct disorders, there are a vast array of mechanisms underlying the pathology of these monogenic conditions and, accordingly, a range of animal models relating to each disorder. While both murine and zebrafish models continue to aid in the development of potential therapies, many of these models fail to truly recapitulate the human condition – thus leaving substantial weaknesses in our understanding of leukodystrophy pathogenesis. Additionally, the heterogeneity in leukodystrophy presentation – both in patients and in vivo models – often results in a narrow focus on single disorders in isolation across much of the literature. Thus, this review aims to synthesise prominent research regarding the most common leukodystrophies in order to provide an overview of key animal models and their utility in developing novel treatments. We begin by discussing the ongoing revolution across the leukodystrophy field following the rise of next generation sequencing, before focusing more extensively on existing animal models from the mouse and zebrafish fields. Finally, we explore how these preclinical models have shaped the development of therapeutic strategies currently in development. We propose future directions for the field and suggest a more critical view of the dogma which has underpinned leukodystrophy research for decades.
Quality services for academic staff in universities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper is trying to present a framework for the academic staff that can be used to develop a quality-based system for development and management within the context of an educational cum training organization. The paper presents the structure and components of such systems that utilizes total quality management (TQM) concepts, and discuss the opportunities afforded by introducing quality concepts into academic development and the problems and pitfalls involved in undertaking such an endeavor.
Keywords : Quality - definition – demands-universities – TQM - TQS - development
A Common Regulator of Cold and Radiation Response in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High levels of the protein product of gicA/cspE, a member of cspA family of cold stress genes, are known to be associated with several pleiotropic phenotypes in Escherichia coli. These include growth retardation in cold, suppression of rpsL31-mediated streptomycin resistance in cold, suppression of the chromosome partitioning mutation mukB, and cellular resistance to camphor. In this article, we demonstrate that the product of this gene is also involved in regulating UV and gamma radiation sensitivity. When present on a multicopy plasmid, gicA conferred UV sensitivity on those strains of E. coli K-12, in which it produces the cold-dependent growth retardation and streptomycin sensitivity but did not confer any gamma radiation sensitivity. A gicA::cat mutation, that inactivates the chromosomal gicA, made the cells highly sensitive to both UV and gamma radiation. These results indicate that the cellular level of GicA is quite critical in some aspects of DNA metabolism and suggest that this protein is a global regulator of multiple pathways affecting growth and translational fidelity in cold, DNA condensation, and chromosome partitioning during cell division.
Acid Hydrazides as Ligands. IV. Metal Complexes of Phenyl Acetyl Hydrazides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Metal complexes of phenylacetylhydrazide are reported. Electronic spectra-solid and solution-of manganese(II), iron(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), palladium(II) and cadmium complexes, and i.r. spectra of deuterated and non-deuterated complexes in the range 1700-700 cm-1 are incorporated. The ligand is monodentate and the coordination site is the amide nitrogen. Other physical properties of complexes are also reported.
Mortality for Alcohol-related Harm by Country of Birth in Scotland, 2000–2004: Potential Lessons for Prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: Deaths caused by alcohol have increased in the UK, and Scotland in particular, but the change in the rates of \nalcohol-related deaths for migrants are uncertain, and could yield insights for the general population. Methods: Alcohol-related mortality \nin immigrants among Scotland’s residents was assessed using 2001 census data and mortality data from 2000 to 2004. \nResults: Mortality from direct alcohol-related causes accounted for nearly 1500 deaths per year in Scotland. Age-standardized mortality \nratios were comparatively low for people born in Pakistan, other parts of the UK (largely England and Wales) and those from \nelsewhere in the world. Conclusions: Scotland’s propensity to alcohol-related deaths is not shared by all its residents. Studying such \nvariations in more depth could yield lessons for prevention.
Three faces of hope: Amos 9:11–12 and Acts 15:12–19

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This sermon explores the expansive role of hope found in three stages of the life and afterlife of Amos 9:11–12. The passage begins as editorial expansion of the book of Amos which offers a message of hope beyond judgment to a new audience during the exilic period. It expresses hope for a restored kingdom—a reconquest of territory lost. In a second stage, the Septuagint attests to a bigger promise—one in which all humanity seeks the LORD. Finally, in one of the pivotal scenes of the mission of the early church, James in Acts 15 draws upon the Septuagint promise, but expands it further still so that Amos 9:11–12 becomes the scriptural foundation for his support of Paul’s vision of the universal mission of the church extended to the Gentiles. These three faces of hope, each delivered in a new context, demonstrates how tradition open to the spirit of God adapts the word of God in new settings.
A Precarious Tale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 6, "A Precarious Tale" explores the role of war, military men, and court drama in the early Ming's rivalry with the Great Yuan. It also addresses the precarious nature of the early Ming court's Chinggisid narrative. All contemporaries understood that military force was essential for political legitimacy. Field commanders defeated Great Yuan armies, conquered its lands, captured Chinggisid nobles, and seized key political emblems such as seals of state. Thus, military commanders also figured in the story that the early Ming court told of the Great Yuan. The Ming court widely disseminated news of high political theater, for instance the reception of Chinggisid nobles in Nanjing. However, both court drama and military commanders repeatedly disrupted the Ming court's carefully scripted stories about inescapable Yuan defeat and inevitable Ming triumph. Commanders lost battles. Some were declared traitors. Political theater failed to go according to plan; on occasion it was dramatically undone by senior figures in the Ming court.
Nutritional protein quality and digestibility changes during food processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Proteins can be broadly characterized by their origin (plant or animal based), amino acid composition (essential versus non-essential; complete versus incomplete), and their digestibility. The composition or quality of various proteins may be so unique that their influence on physiological function in the human body can be quite different. The ability to accurately and objectively define protein quality plays an important role in addressing human nutrition requirements, nutrition policy, trade and product development. Such quality is also influenced by the availability of amino acids, which depends on various factors like source of the protein, previous protein processing treatments, and interactions with other components of food. Here we review the advances in dietary protein evaluation from a historical view, focusing on the bioavailability of proteins and the changes suffered during food processing using traditional and innovative methods.
Electromagnetic forward modeling based on the integral equation method using parallel computers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we discuss the parallel implementation of the 3‐D electromagnetic forward modeling algorithm, based on the contraction integral equation (CIE) method. We use a Linux Beowulf Class Cluster available at the Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC) at the University of Utah. We have developed a working version of the 3‐D CIE code based on the Complex Generalized Minimal Residual (CGMRM) method of solving the system of linear equations. This new parallel implementation of the CGMRM algorithm ensures the convergence of the corresponding matrix inversion and allows us to consider large‐scale forward modeling problems. We have investigated the solution of a large‐scale forward problem with different discretizations on a PC cluster of up to 32 nodes.
Steroidogenic and Morphogenic Characteristics of Human Peritubular Cells in Culture&apos;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have explored the morphogenic and functional characteristics of human peritubular cells originating from seminiferous tubule (ST) fragments isolated from the testes of two prepubertal patients with the androgen insensitivity syndrome. These ST were cultured in Dulbecco&apos;s Modified Eagle&apos;s Medium-Ham&apos;s F-12 supplemented with antibiotics, transferrin, hydrocortisone, vitamin E, and 3 % fetal bovine serum. A centrifugal growth of elongated fibroblast-like cells peripheral to the ST explants was observed. Muscle-specific actin and 3,-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were evident in the peritubular area and in the elongated cells growing from the tubules. Histochemistry was negative in the tubules themselves, revealing the mixed nature of these cultures. The ST fragments were lost after subculturing, leaving a homogeneous monolayer of fibroblast-like cells. The steroido-genic potential of these cells was demonstrated by the secretion of testosterone (T) to the culture medium. T secretion was
Theoretical Approach to the Calculation of Energies and Widths of Resonant (Autoionizing) States in Many-Electron Atoms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical approach, capable of providing quantitative results for $N$-electron nonrelativistic "nonstationary" states is presented. I treat inner-hole or doubly excited states, observed in various types of experiments, from a conceptually single point of view, as decaying states. First, the relevant important quantities already known, e.g., from Feshbach's theory, are derived and interpreted in a mathematically and physically meaningful way. Then I consider the exact square-integrable $N$-electron function describing the initial localized $N$-electron state and, from straightforward variation-perturbation-theory considerations, I derive a variational minimum principle which permits one to incorporate systematically the important correlation effects without the danger of a "variational collapse." This method requires projection onto known one-electron zeroth-order functions and it thus overcomes the difficulties of the well-known $P$, $Q$ methods which require projection onto exact wave functions. From preliminary $N$-body calculations I find the ${\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$$^{2}P^{0}$ and $^{2}D$ resonances, previously observed experimentally, at about 57.3 and 58.4 eV. In addition, I predict the positions of various autoionizing states: in Li I at about 140.7 eV (a $^{2}P^{0}$ state), in C IV at about 306.7 eV ($^{2}D$), in N I at about 14.9 eV ($^{2}D$), and in F I at about 22.4 eV ($^{2}S$) above the ground state. These states, which are just samples of states treatable by this approach, may in principle cause observable structures, e.g., in photon-absorption experiments, in particle-atom scattering experiments, or in beamfoil experiments.