jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alibaba’s Growth Frenzy: Pioneer in China’s Internet Financial Service

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Alibaba has been heavily involved in financial innovations in China, offering services such as online payment, online retail wealth management and purely online insurance through its daughter companies Alipay, Ant Financial, and others. Internet-driven finance innovation is a driving trend in China, as opposed to countries such as the USA and the UK where the likes of Google and Facebook are dominant Internet companies but are not heavily involved in internet-driven finance. Considering that the financial sector is highly regulated in China, Alibaba's role is ironic and heroic at the same time. Why are Alibaba’s Internet financial services innovative? What managerial challenges are there for an e-commerce company to run financial service? And what regulatory challenges are facing Alibaba? Who are competitors for Alibaba in this sector? What is the impact of Alibaba’s financial innovation on China’s financial system? How does big data analytics facilitate financial services? The case shows how an emerging Chinese Internet giant transforms from an e-commerce player to a significant financial service provider. It presents the managerial and regulatory challenges Alibaba encounters in this transformation and showcases its success in China's reforming financial sector.
Addressing Canada's Commercialization Crisis and Shortage of Venture Capital: Will the Federal Government’s Solution Work?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

IntroductionCanada has an abundance of great ideas and the world-class R&D to develop them. This abundance is hardly surprising given Canada's outstanding institutions of higher learning, exceptional research centres, and highly educated population. It is also a result of federal and provincial governments' R&D funding programs that are among the most generous and progressive
Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Glucose Level at 24–28 Gestational Weeks on Offspring’s Overweight Status within 3 Years of Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective . To examine the relative impact of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and glucose level at 24–28 gestational weeks on offspring’s overweight status from birth to 3 years of age in China. Methods . Health care records of 21,354 mother-child pairs were collected. The single and joint associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI and glucose level at 24–28 gestational weeks with 0–3-year-old offspring’s overweight status were assessed. Results . The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of offspring’s macrosomia at birth and overweight/obesity at the 12th month, 24th month, and 36th month were 1.12 (1.11–1.13), 1.05 (1.04–1.06), 1.07 (1.06–1.08), and 1.11 (1.10–1.12) for each 1-unit increase (km/m 2 ) in maternal prepregnancy BMI and 1.13 (1.10–1.17), 1.01 (0.99–1.03), 0.99 (0.96–1.01), and 1.00 (0.97–1.02) for each 1-unit increase (mmol/L) in maternal glucose level at 24–28 gestational weeks, respectively. The positive association of maternal glucose level with macrosomia at birth was similar between prepregnancy normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m 2 ) and overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 ); however, the positive association of high maternal glucose level with childhood overweight was only seen among prepregnancy normal weight mothers but not among overweight mothers. Conclusions . The impact of maternal gestational hyperglycemia on offspring’s overweight before 3 years of age can be modified by prepregnancy BMI.
Losing open approach surgical skills and techniques to minimally invasive surgery in the era of artificial intelligence: A narrative review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite advancements in technology, a substantial portion of the global population still resides in rural areas and low-income countries where access to these advanced technologies is limited or nonexistent, emphasizing the continued importance of open surgical approaches. The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technologies into surgical practice raises significant concerns regarding the erosion of essential open surgical skills. Integrated minimally invasive surgery (MIS) combined with AI may offer benefits such as enhanced precision and improved patient outcomes, but these should not come at the cost of the erosion of open surgical skills. This narrative review discusses the drawbacks of relying heavily on minimally invasive surgery and AI, particularly the potential degradation of traditional manual techniques that are crucial for effective surgical care. While robotic-assisted surgeries can lead to reduced recovery times and fewer complications, evidence indicates a decline in proficiency in open techniques among surgeons who predominantly utilize these systems. This skill degradation poses substantial risks, especially in situations where technology fails or is unavailable, such as in emergency settings or resource-limited environments. To address these challenges, the review discusses strategies such as hybrid training approaches that combine robotic and manual techniques, skills preservation programs aimed at maintaining traditional competencies, and modular curricula integrating both technological and conventional aspects of surgery. It also highlights the necessity for ongoing research to assess the effectiveness of these strategies, ensuring that surgeons remain proficient in both advanced technologies and fundamental manual skills. A balanced approach is vital for maintaining comprehensive surgical care in the era of AI, particularly for populations that still rely on open surgical methods.
Avaliação da percepção do conhecimento sobre o sono e suas implicações entre médicos e internosAvaliação da percepção do conhecimento sobre o sono e suas implicações entre médicos e internos

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Sleep is essential for the quality of life and has fundamental functions for the functioning of the body. Its deprivation has negative consequences on body homeostasis and cognition. Sleep deprivation can become a risk factor for several diseases. There are deficiencies in the undergraduate medical curriculum regarding knowledge about sleep health, leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment for patients. In addition to having consequences on sleep for doctoral students and physicians, thus affecting their health and professional performance. Objective: To assess whether the physician’s perception of knowledge about sleep acquired during graduation interferes with the promotion of sleep health in the personal and professional spheres. Methods: Observational study with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional approach using a digital form. Physicians and interns were part of the study. The questionnaire had the following stages: epidemiology; subjective assessment of knowledge about sleep health; application of knowledge in professional and personal life; assessment of sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The sample consisted of 103 participants. Most agreed to have acquired knowledge about sleep health during graduation. During the anamnesis, sleep was the least asked topic. The most reported measures that were positive to sleep hygiene were sleeping in a suitable environment and practicing physical exercises. The unfavorable ones were the use of electronics in the bedroom. There was no significant difference between year and level of training in relation to sleep quality. The most altered components of the index were daytime disorders and use of sleeping pills. Conclusion: The importance of sleep health is well established, but sleep quality among physicians and interns is poor. Therefore, future changes in teaching, performance and research are necessary
Bio-efficacy of endophytic actinomycetes for plant growth promotion and management of bacterial wilt in tomato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antagonistic effect of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from tomato plants collected from different locations in Kerala was evaluated against bacterial wilt pathogen under in vivo conditions. Maximum inhibition (44.63%) of the pathogen was observed with Cherumkuzhy isolate (EACK) which was on par with Ozhalapathy isolate (EAOP) (42.59%). All the isolates belonged to genus Streptomyces sp. Evaluation of endophytic actinomycetes against bacterial wilt pathogen under pot culture conditions revealed that minimum per cent wilt incidence (37.03%) was shown by plants treated with EAOP isolate. Observations on biometric characters showed that Ozhalapathy (EAOP) and Eruthenpathy (EAET) isolates were the most promising in plant growth promotion. It was concluded from the study that the Ozhalapathy isolate (EAOP) (Streptomyces sp.) was the best among the five endophytic actinomycetes isolates in plant growth promotion as well as in the management of bacterial wilt in tomato.
Effect of Lanthanide Ion Substitutions for Lanthanum Sites on Superconductivity of (La1-xSrx)2CuO4-δ

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By substituting various lanthanide ions for La sites up to 90% level, the effect of foreign magnetic ions on the superconductivity of (La 1- x Sr x ) 2 CuO 4-δ was examined. None of the 4f transition metal ions at 5% substitution level substantially destroyed the superconductivity, while a strong correlation was observed between the total spin of the 4f magnetic ions and the superconducting critical temperature, suggesting the exchange interaction between the conduction electrons and the 4f shell spins.
Molecular and Histologic Adaptation of Horned Gall Induced by the Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Pemphigidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chinese galls are the result of hyperplasia in host plants induced by aphids. The metabolism and gene expression of these galls are modified to accommodate the aphids. Here, we highlight the molecular and histologic features of horned galls according to transcriptome and anatomical structures. In primary pathways, genes were found to be unevenly shifted and selectively expressed in the galls and leaves near the galls (LNG). Pathways for amino acid synthesis and degradation were also unevenly shifted, favoring enhanced accumulation of essential amino acids in galls for aphids. Although galls enhanced the biosynthesis of glucose, which is directly available to aphids, glucose content in the gall tissues was lower due to the feeding of aphids. Pathways of gall growth were up-regulated to provide enough space for aphids. In addition, the horned gall has specialized branched schizogenous ducts and expanded xylem in the stalk, which provide a broader feeding surface for aphids and improve the efficiency of transportation and nutrient exchange. Notably, the gene expression in the LNG showed a similar pattern to that of the galls, but on a smaller scale. We suppose the aphids manipulate galls to their advantage, and galls lessen competition by functioning as a medium between the aphids and their host plants.
Role of the Quantum Interactions in H2 Adsorption on Late Transition Metal Chelated Linkers of Covalent Organic Frameworks

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Transition metal (Tm) chelation is an effective strategy to achieve optimal binding enthalpy (▵H) of H 2 ‐adsorption in the linkers of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The first principle‐based DFT method has been implemented to determine the H 2 adsorption in nine organic linkers chelated with transition metal atoms from Cr to Zn. The obtained range of binding enthalpy for single H 2 adsorbed on the pure and chelated complexes is −7 to −20 kJ/mol, which is required for onboard H 2 storage. The Linker‐3 chelated with Ni (II) metal exhibits the most favorable binding enthalpy of approximately −18.72 kJ/mol for the single adsorbed H 2 molecule, which falls within the physisorption range. Some of the complexes have shown the binding enthalpy range between physisorption and chemisorption, i. e., in that case, H 2 binds via Kubas interactions. However, physisorption‐based complexes are preferable to others because physisorption is a reversible process with rapid kinetics. This study reveals that the dispersion, polarization, and electrostatic interactions mainly contribute to the binding enthalpy of H 2 adsorption. Molecular surface potential analysis verifies the origin of induced dipole moment in the H 2 molecule, which enhances the hydrogen adsorption in transition metal chelated COFs.
Analysis of Ataxia Following Head and Neck Injury in Relation to Psychic Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

私達が考案した“心因性めまい検出を意図した平衡試験”を用い, 頭頸部外傷例の平衡機能を検査し, 次の成績をえた.(i) 頭頸部外傷117名を対象とすると, A型平衡失調を示したものは117名中25名 (21.3%) であり, B型平衡失調を示したものは117名中92名 (78.7%) であった. このことより, アドレナリン耐性を低下し, この薬剤の微量投与で平衡失調の出現又は増大をみるものの約20%は心因の関与するめまい (心身症型) である公算が大である.(ii) むちうち損傷例では頭部外傷例に比べ, A型平衡失調を示す傾向がつよい.(iii) 頭部外傷例の中では, 受傷時, 脳症状を示したものでは却ってA型平衡失調を出現する頻度が小である. これに対し, B型平衡失調出現頻度は受傷時脳症状を呈したものに有意に多い.以上の成績とこれまでに私達が得た成績を参照とし, 次の結論をのべた.(1) 心因の関与するあまい (心身症型) が形成される条件として, (イ) 経過中心理的ストレスにさらされ, 情動発現がおこりやすい環境下におかれること, (ロ) 受傷時脳障害が重篤でなく, 病変の経過中, 中枢神経系, とくに交感神経成分の活動亢進がもたらされやすい条件下にあることなどがあげられる.(2) むちうち損傷例では (イ) (ロ) の条件が満足される傾向がつよいので, A型平衡失調が出現しやすい.
The Association Between Maternal Factors and Preadolescent Breakfast Skipping: The Mediating Role of Preadolescent Attitudes Toward Breakfast

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although skipping breakfast is common among children and adolescents, daily breakfast consumption is a healthy habit that is particularly important in childhood. There is a link between children's attitudes toward breakfast, breakfast‐skipping behaviors, and maternal factors. Evidence demonstrating a clear relationship between maternal factors and preadolescent attitudes and behaviors toward breakfast skipping is scarce. Aims This study aims to examine the mediation effect of preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast on the associations between maternal involvement (encouragement and control of breakfast eating) and preadolescent breakfast skipping. Methods A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted across Jordan in public and private primary schools in 2015. A sample of 1,915 preadolescent students (10–11 years) and their mothers ( N = 1,299) was generated through proportional cluster stratification sampling. The interrelationships were examined among the participants’ demographics, the number of preadolescent skipped breakfasts during a given week, self‐reported attitudes toward breakfast, and perceived maternal encouragement and control of breakfast‐eating variables. Results Analysis revealed that preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast and mothers’ involvement in preadolescent breakfast were negatively correlated with preadolescent breakfast skipping. Linear regressions revealed that maternal involvement (i.e., encouragement and control of breakfast eating, and educational attainment levels) was predictive of preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast consumption. Multiple regressions using bootstrapping analysis showed that preadolescent attitudes partially mediated the effect of mothers’ control and encouragement of breakfast consumption over preadolescent breakfast‐skipping behavior. Linking Evidence to Action Results suggest that preadolescent attitudes, maternal encouragement, and control of breakfast eating influenced preadolescent breakfast skipping. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully assessing preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast, maternal encouragement, and control of breakfast consumption when developing interventions aimed at reducing breakfast‐skipping behavior.
Advanced Treatment of Municipal Wastewater with High Proportion of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The combined process of stage hydrolysis acidification and two-stage aerobic floating bed was used for advanced treatment of municipal wastewater with high proportion of printing and dyeing wastewater in a pilot-scale test.The treatment efficiency and influence factors were investigated,and the economic analysis was performed.The results show that the combined process is effective in advanced treatment of raw wastewater.The average COD,BOD5,NH3-N,TN,TP,SS and color in the effluent are 75 mg/L,less than 2 mg/L,0.75 mg/L,8.41 mg/L,0.96 mg/L,less than 10 mg/L and 16 times respectively.Except a little high concentration of COD in the effluent,other effluent quality indexes meet the first level B criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002),reaching the expected target.The optimal operation parameters in the pilot-scale test are as follows: temperature is more than 20 ℃,HRT of hydrolysis acidification tank is equal to or more than 12 h,HRT of two-stage aerobic floating bed is equal to or less than 12 h,SRT is 12 to 14 d,and dosage of PAC is 5 mg/L.The operation cost is 0.83 yuan/m3.
Perceptual and eye movement responses elicited by linear acceleration following spaceflight.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Responses of four crewmembers were measured before and after a 9-d Spacelab Mission during inter-aural (y-axis) and longitudinal (z-axis) linear acceleration. During one test, eye movements were recorded with simultaneous sinusoidal acceleration and constant-velocity optokinetic stimulation. Postflight responses indicated changes in the horizontal sinusoidal response during the y-axis trials. In another test, subjects indicated direction of acceleration during a series of low acceleration steps. More incorrect direction indications were observed postflight, and the y-axis sensitivity increased while the z-axis sensitivity decreased for three subjects. In a third test, subjects used a joystick to null pseudo-random linear motion. Not one subject showed a significantly enhanced ability to null linear motion in the y-axis, while two subjects showed an enhanced ability during z-axis testing postflight. Oculomotor and perceptual responses to linear acceleration are modified by exposure to microgravity and become more variable postflight. The observed changes may be due to an altered interpretation of inertial cues in space that is inappropriate postflight.
Association between Parenting Style and Language Development in Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Parenting style plays important role in the development of the children from birth to five years of age including language development as well. Hence, parents can play important role in the development of their children because their quality of time matters. Objective: To determine the association between parenting style and language development and to identify the type of parenting style mostly use by the parents. Methods: This cross-sectional study, with a sample of n=384 parents, was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad from 1st August, 2022 to 31st January, 2023. Parents of typical children of both genders, aged birth to 36 months were included. Basic demographical sheet, Parenting style questionnaire and Receptive Expressive Emergent Language (REEL)3rd edition were used for data collection. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Point-Biserial Correlation was used to determine correlation between the parenting style and language development and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Results indicate significant (p<0.001) relationship between parenting style and language development of children. The correlation of parenting style was low with receptive language but high with expressive language. The results also indicate that parents used different parenting styles with majority 225(58.6%) using authoritative parenting style and least 12(3.1%) used permissive parenting style. Conclusions: Study concludes that parenting styles have great impact on language development of children. Different types of parenting style are being used among which authoritative parenting style is the most and permissive being the least common.
Identity formation and the political power in the late Ottoman Empire and early Turkish Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the reasons, consequences and penetration ways of the nationalist movement in the lands that made up the Ottoman Empire. But if many academics have studied this issue and offered an agreed vision of the disruptive effect that nationalism had in the heart of the Ottoman Empire, an evaluation of the impact and consequences that this process had in the population and the political configuration of the new states that appeared after the end of the Turkish domination has not been made. This complicated process, distinguished by the ethnical conflicts in the Balkans and Anatolia in the late Ottoman Empire, led to the elimination of certain ethnical groups from the central territory of the Turkish State, Anatolia, and to its foundation as principal consequence. This paper will focuse on the nature of political power in the Ottoman empire with the purpose of, first, exposing how transformation of the political power generate radically different resolution to ethnic conflict and its management and, secondly, demonstrating the impacts of imperial practices in dealing with multi-cultural society on inheritor nation-state practices in the Turkish case.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 1 A Transaction Mapping Algorithm for Frequent Itemsets Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for mining complete frequent itemsets. This algorithm is referred to as the TM (Transaction Mapping) algorithm from hereon. In this algorithm, transaction ids of each itemset are mapped and compressed to continuous transaction intervals in a different space and the counting of itemsets is performed by intersecting these interval lists in a depth-first order along the lexicographic tree. When the compression coefficient becomes smaller than the average number of comparisons for intervals intersection at a certain level, the algorithm switches to transaction id intersection. We have evaluated the algorithm against two popular frequent itemset mining algorithms- FP-growth and dEclat using a variety of data sets with short and long frequent patterns. Experimental data show that the TM algorithm outperforms these two algorithms.
Role of CB2 cannabinoid receptor in nociception and food intake control

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The endocannabinoid system is a natural modulatory system that participates in multiple physiological processes, including nociceptive, emotional and rewarding responses. These central responses are mainly mediated by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R)-dependent mechanisms, although the side effects associated to these central responses limit the therapeutic use of CB1R agonists. Recent research on the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) provides an alternative approach to avoid the central side effects associated with CB1R stimulation. The purpose of this Thesis was to investigate the involvement of CB2R in two different pathological conditions that currently lack effective treatment: neuropathic pain and food addiction. The results revealed that the pain-resistant phenotype of Fmr1KO mice against the nociceptive and emotional manifestations triggered by persistent nerve damage requires the participation of CB2R. We also demonstrated that CB2R are involved in the neurobiological substrate underlying the behavioral and affective alterations that arise from food addiction. Altogether, these data highlight the potential therapeutic interest of targeting CB2R for the treatment of neuropathic pain, food addiction disorders and their co-morbid emotional manifestations.