jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Technology for active learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Problems related to passive learning in large undergraduate physics classes were first identified and researched over a decade ago1 and are still under investigation2, 3. Students experience difficulties in learning physics because they must fully understand concepts and principles of the physical world that are sometimes impossible to see (as in electromagnetism phenomena) and often difficult to comprehend. On top of these difficulties, there are the requirements to master quantitative and formulaic representations of scientific phenomena in order to conceptualize and use them in work4.
The National Security State: The End of Separation of Powers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On March 11, 2014, Senator Dianne Feinstein went to the U.S. Senate floor to announce that the CIA had sought to sabotage a Senate Intelligence Committee investigation of torture and unlawful detention.… Already, government lawyers had convinced courts that there should be no judicial review of torture and unlawful detention. Such review, it was argued, was beyond the competence of judges, and the executive branch of government needed unfettered discretion to deal with national security threats.… The net result is that the CIA, the NSA, and all the other executive branch agencies engaged in surveillance, detention, torture, rendition of suspects, and even targeted killings by drone strike have claimed immunity from accountability by either of the two other branches—legislative and judicial. What they have done, why they have done it, and why their actions are or are not lawful—all of this has retreated behind a wall of secrecy. The claim made by government lawyers that there has been and will be legislative oversight turns out to be false.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Predictive method for efficient transmission lines and multilayered Power/Ground planes co-modeling using Multi-Conductor Transmission Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As the layout density increases in highly integrated multilayer packages, the noise that exists in the Power Distribution Network (PDN) is increasingly coupled to the signal traces. Thus, precise modeling to describe this coupling phenomenon becomes necessary. This paper presents a fast and an efficient method to a predictive co-modeling of signal traces and multilayered Power/Ground planes. The method is based on Multi-Conductor Transmission Lines. A particular case of signal's return path discontinuity is studied and corresponds to a microstrip-to-microstrip via transition.
Sustained Improvement in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension during Six Years of Treatment with Sublingual Isoproterenol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PRIMARY pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disease, which usually results in death three to seven years after the onset of symptoms. In selected patients symptomatic improvement for up to two to three years has been reported with drug regimens that lower pulmonary-artery pressure. Unfortunately, progression of pulmonary hypertension almost always continues, regardless of the initial, apparently beneficial hcmodynamic effects. This report demonstrates sustained relief of symptoms and improvements in exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics during six years of therapy with sublingual isoproterenol.Case ReportA 36-year-old man was in good health until September 1976, when he had exercise-induced dyspnea and . . .
Fast data-driven computation and intuitive visualization of fiber orientation uncertainty in 3D-polarized light imaging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In recent years, the microscopy technology referred to as Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) has successfully been established to study the brain’s nerve fiber architecture at the micrometer scale. The myelinated axons of the nervous tissue introduce optical birefringence that can be used to contrast nerve fibers and their tracts from each other. Beyond the generation of contrast, 3D-PLI renders the estimation of local fiber orientations possible. To do so, unstained histological brain sections of 70 μm thickness cut at a cryo-microtome were scanned in a polarimetric setup using rotating polarizing filter elements while keeping the sample unmoved. To address the fundamental question of brain connectivity, i. e., revealing the detailed organizational principles of the brain’s intricate neural networks, the tracing of fiber structures across volumes has to be performed at the microscale. This requires a sound basis for describing the in-plane and out-of-plane orientations of each potential fiber (axis) in each voxel, including information about the confidence level (uncertainty) of the orientation estimates. By this means, complex fiber constellations, e. g., at the white matter to gray matter transition zones or brain regions with low myelination (i. e., low birefringence signal), as can be found in the cerebral cortex, become quantifiable in a reliable manner. Unfortunately, this uncertainty information comes with the high computational price of their underlying Monte-Carlo sampling methods and the lack of a proper visualization. In the presented work, we propose a supervised machine learning approach to estimate the uncertainty of the inferred model parameters. It is shown that the parameter uncertainties strongly correlate with simple, physically explainable features derived from the signal strength. After fitting these correlations using a small sub-sample of the data, the uncertainties can be predicted for the remaining data set with high precision. This reduces the required computation time by more than two orders of magnitude. Additionally, a new visualization of the derived three-dimensional nerve fiber information, including the orientation uncertainty based on ellipsoids, is introduced. This technique makes the derived orientation uncertainty information visually interpretable.
Associative invasions of rabbits in farms of the Poltava region

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Rabbit breeding is a very productive branch of animal husbandry that produces meat, hides, and down. Rabbit meat is a very valuable dietary product that is quickly absorbed by the human body and contains iron, many B vitamins, magnesium salts, phosphorus and other minerals, and is also rich in essential amino acids. One of the factors that leads to a decrease in the profitability of the rabbit breeding industry is parasitic diseases. Economic losses from infestations consist of loss of live weight and reduced fatness of rabbit carcasses, as well as deterioration of skin quality. The aim of the work was to investigate the distribution of associative infestations in rabbits in the Poltava region. The conducted research revealed the simplest organisms (Eimeria spp.), cestodes (Cysticercus pisiformis), nematodes (Passalurus ambiguus, Trichostrongylus sp.) and acariformes (Psoroptes cuniculi). The indicators of the extensivity of invasions in rabbits were for eimeriosis – 40.0 %, passalurosis – 29.64 %, cysticercosis pisiformis – 16.43 %, psoroptosis – 13.93 % and trichostrongylosis – 2.86 %. Parasitoses in rabbits was more often in the form of mixinvasions, where the rate of infestation reached 41.07 %. A total of 7 types of mixinvasions were registered, of which 5 are two-component associations of parasites, and 3 are three-component associations of parasites. Two-component mixinvasions were represented by the association of eimeries and passalurises (extensivity of invasion – 17.14 %), eimeries and cysticerces (7.86 %), eimeries and psoropteses (3.57 %), passalurises and cysticerces (6.07 %), passalurises and psoropteses (2.86 %). Three-component mixinvasions were characterized by the associative course of eimeries, passalurises and cysticerces (2.50 %) and eimeries, passalurises and psoropteses (1.07 %). The results of research on the associative course of parasitosis in rabbits indicate the need to use a complex of treatment and prevention measures in rabbit farms, taking into account the composition of parasites and their biological features.
Translucency and Complexity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: A single-subject alternating treatment design was used to (a) evaluate the influence of translucency (i.e., the guessability of the symbol when the referent is known) and complexity (i.e., the number of lines or strokes that compose the symbol) on Blissymbol acquisition and (b) compare the effectiveness of computer-based instruction (CBI) and traditional teacher-based instruction (TBI) on students' accuracy in identifying Blissymbols. Method: Three students with communication disorders were taught to identify 40 Blissymbols using the two instructional formats. Results: Findings revealed that high translucency Blissymbols were learned significantly faster than low translucency Blissymbols for all participants. High complexity assisted learning when translucency was high, but hindered learning when translucency was low. These results were evident in both interventions. Clinical Implications: Both interventions were found to be effective instructional methods for teaching Blissymbols.
"Non nova, sed nove" : niezwykły przypadek samobójczego zatrucia tlenkiem węgla przy użyciu \nprzenośnego grilla ogrodowego

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fatal carbon monoxide poisonings are quite frequent in forensic medicine. Forensic pathologists \nusually rule them as accidents but suicides are also common - in Poland just as \nmuch as in other European countries. The most common source of toxic carbon monoxide \nis car exhaust or fumes from furnace and gas heating installations in closed spaces. In \nthis paper the authors present an unusual case of a charcoal grill suicide (first described \nin Poland) committed, as a result of physical illness, by a 65-year-old man in his own \nhouse in Kraków. The review of the literature shows that such a method of suicide is very \nrare in Europe and North America although grilling is a very popular cooking method \nand leisure activity. We observed that the trend of applying this new method in suicides \nis a copycat to cases that took place in the countries of Far East at the end of the 20th century. \nIt became one of the most common method of committing suicide in Japan, Taiwan, \nHong Kong and South Korea. The problem was widely discussed.
Conductivity Profile Determination by Eddy Current for Shot Peened Superalloy Surfaces Toward Residual Stress Assessment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an eddy current model‐based method for inverting near‐surface conductivity deviation profiles of surface treated materials from swept‐high frequency eddy current (SHFEC) data. This work forms part of our current research directed towards the development of an electromagnetic nondestructive technique for assessing residual stress of shot‐peened superalloy components. The inversion procedure is based on the use of a parameterized function to describe the near‐surface conductivity as a function of depth for a shot‐peened surface, and the laterally uniform multi‐layer theory of Cheng, Dodd and Deeds to calculate the resulting coil impedance deviations. The convergence of the inversion procedure has been tested against synthesized eddy current data. As a demonstration, the conductivity deviation profiles of a series of Inconel 718 specimens, shot peened at various Almen intensities, have been obtained by inversion. Several consistency tests were conducted to examine the reliability of the inverted conductivity profiles. The results show that conductivity deviation profiles can be reliably determined from SHFEC data within the accuracy of the current measurement system.
MULTICULTURALISM AND TRANSDISCIPLANARITY: AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROPOSAL FOR IAIN MANADO’S MULTICULTURALISM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2017, IAIN Manado has embraced multiculturalism as a core value for its vision to become an excellent Islamic higher education institution in Southeast Asia in 2035. This policy has however been taken without prior wide scholarly discussions. Consequently, the internalization and translation of this value into IAIN’s processes of education are facing some difficulties. This paper proposes a conceptual framework around multiculturalism and transdisciplinarity for IAIN Manado in its attempt to develop competitiveness. It argues that the notion of multiculturalism is always political so that IAIN Manado may develop its own concepts and practices of multiculturalism. It also argues that in order for IAIN Manado to accomplish the implementation of its multiculturalism as a culturally epistemological vision, it should consider the espousal of transdisciplinarity as an academically epistemological vision. Keywords: Multiculturalism, Transdisciplinarity, Vision, IAIN Manado Sejak 2017, IAIN Manado telah memilih multikulturalisme sebagai nilai utama dari visinya untuk menjadi perguruan tinggi Islam unggul di Asia Tenggara pada tahun 2035. Namun demikian, kebijakan ini telah diambil tanpa didahului diskusi-diskusi luas yang melibatkan para ahli. Akibatnya, internalisasi dan realisasi nilai ini ke dalam proses pendidikan di IAIN Manado mengalami berbagai kesulitan. Artikel ini mengajajukan kerangka konseptual tentang multikulturalisme dan transdisiplinaritas untuk IAIN Manado dalam usahanya mengembangkan daya saing. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa konsep multikulturalisme selalu bersifat politis sehingga IAIN Manado dapat mengembangkan konsep dan praktik multikulturalnya sendiri. Selain itu, untuk menyempurnakan implementasi visi multikuluralnya sebagai sebuah visi epistemologis secara budaya, IAIN Manado sebaiknya mempertimbangkan untuk mengadopsi transdisiplinaritas sebagai sebuah visi epistemologis secara akademik. Kata Kunci: Multikulturalisme, Transdisiplinaritas, Visi, IAIN Manado
Generalization of deep learning models for hepatic steatosis grading using B-mode ultrasound images

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Grayscale ultrasound remains a key modality for screening of hepatic steatosis due to its non-invasiveness and availability. While neural networks have shown promise in this field, their main drawback lies in their inability to generalize to diverse real-world settings. Variations in equipment, acquisition parameters, or population significantly affect model performance. Test-time adaptation, an unsupervised domain adaptation technique, overcomes these limitations by adjusting trained models during inference. Our retrospective study used two datasets collected in separate populations, with different scanners and protocols. We propose an adaptation method, using test-time batch normalization to selectively adjust BatchNorm layers based on test data for predicting steatosis grades. Comparing the non-adapted and adapted models, the mean absolute error (± standard deviation) in grading four severities of steatosis decreased from 0.92 ± 0.21 to 0.64 ± 0.22 . Specifically, for detection of steatosis the area under the curve increased from 0.76 ± 0.05 to 0.95 ± 0.02 when using the adapted model. Adapted models show promising results in improving performance compared to base models when testing data differ significantly from training data. Results suggest that the proposed method effectively addresses domain shift in diagnosing fatty liver using ultrasound images, reducing risks associated with deploying trained models.
Sudden Death Following Exercise; a Case Series Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:Â Natural and unexpected death that happens within less than one hour of first symptom occurrence is called sudden death. Cardiovascular diseases are the main known reason of sudden death and more than 75% of sudden deaths in athletes are assigned to it. Here we reported the autopsy results of all cases with sudden death following exercise that were referred to forensic center of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2014.Â Methods:Â In this cross sectional study all subjects who were registered to forensic medicine center of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2014, as a case of sudden death following exercise were evaluated. Demographic data and medical history as well as autopsy and toxicology findings were retrospectively gathered using profiles of the deceased. Results were reported using descriptive analysis.Â Results:Â 14 cases were registered as sudden death following exercise in forensic medicine profiles during the study period. Exploring the files of the mentioned deceased, revealed five non-compatible cases in this regard. Finally, 9 eligible cases were enrolled (88.9% male). The mean age of the deceased was 28.66 Â± 10.86 years (range: 7 â€“ 40). Toxicological tests were available for 7 cases, one of which was positive for tramadol. Sudden death following football was reported most frequently (44.4%). Only 3 (33.3%) cases had herald signs such as chest pain, syncope, or loss of consciousness. 1 case (11.11%) had a positive history of sudden death in relatives.Â Conclusion:Â Although most sudden death victims are asymptomatic until the event, all those who suffer from symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue and irregular heart rate during physical activities, should be screened regarding common probable causes of sudden death.
The Legislative Text as a Legal Story: a Storytelling Approach to Contemporary Legislative Drafting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A recent approach to legislative drafting, seen in common law jurisdictions which particularly praise plain and accessible legal communication, includes the presentation of legislative provisions to readers in a storytelling format. The legislative story develops progressively, by introducing legal characters, and describing relations, activities, and events. The paper draws on a number of drafting techniques, namely narrative-style drafting, the location of legal definitions in the structure of a legislative act, new types of legal definitions, the formal identification of terms and their signposting, as well as directness and personal tone. Based on various Commonwealth drafting directions, a legislative text is perceived and analyzed as a legal story written by lawyers and legislative drafters. This is in line with the discursive approaches of text linguists, such as De Beaugrande and Dressler, or van Dijk and Kintsch, who looked at the text as a process. Thus, text linguistics might be an adequate methodological framework to describe a legislative narrative. To successfully tell a legislative story, the identified elements of the storytelling approach are needed, such as a coherent conceptual framework, clear formal identification of terms, their adequate location in the structure of a legislative act, and more. The storytelling approach in common law legislation may be worth considering in continental (civil law) jurisdictions to improve the readability, accessibility, and clarity of laws.
Effect of praziquantel treatment during pregnancy on cytokine responses to SWA or SEA among the children infected or not infected with <i>S mansoni</i> at age 5 years.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Infected children, praziquantel group (PZQ) n = 14, placebo n = 6; uninfected children, PZQ n = 178, placebo n = 206. Shown are levels of cytokine production in response to SWA (A & B) or SEA (C &D).</p>
Expanding the Classical in Classical Sociology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

If it is to become a more widely used resource at the present time, when the demand is growing for explanations of the predicament of modern western society in the wake of the events of 11 September 2001 and various similar subsequent events around the globe, classical sociology might pay more attention than it usually does to a particular set of early modern developments. These developments, it is argued here, actually created the form of the social that became large-scale modern western society. This new form of the social was and remains distinct from those older forms that were seen to flow from the natural sociality of human beings. Between the middle of the 16th century and the end of the 17th the new form of the social emerged in different parts of Europe, contingently but not entirely accidentally, as a separate domain of relatively safe and free human interaction. It was a consequence — in part intended, in part unintended — of different bids to secure civil peace in times of extreme inter-communal, inter-confessional violence. These bids included, to name just three measures: the development of new forms of public law, especially in Germany; the development of the absolutist state, especially in France; and the separation of private religious conscience from public legal conscience, especially in England. As they were all, in one way or another, steps towards stemming, stopping, and/or preventing the flow of blood caused by religious hatreds, they are here called early modern limiting measures, and the social at the centre of the article is sometimes called the limited social or limited society.
Prediction the dynamic viscosity of MWCNT-Al2O3 (30:70)/ Oil 5W50 hybrid nano-lubricant using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the prediction of dynamic viscosity (µnf) of MWCNT-Al2O3 (30:70)/ Oil 5W50 hybrid nano-lubricant using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is performed. The objective of the present research is to investigate the effect of temperature and solid volume fraction (SVF) to predict the shear rates (SR) and µnf using ANN. The feed-forward ANN consists of a multilayer perceptron network (MLP), which is capable of predicting µnf in connection with experimental data of temperature, SR and SVF. Sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the importance and role of temperature, SR, and SVF in experimental µnf variations. ANN is generated and tested with experimental data sets and the results show that there was a good agreement between the actual and predicted ANN values. Moreover, the results of ANN simulation are compared with other data processing methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Principal Component Regression. In addition, the results of the residual value of ANN with seven neurons for µnf can be very small and close to the expected normal value. From this, it can be concluded that the given model can expect exact values.
MOLLIER ENTHALPY-ENTROPY CHARTS FOR HIGHTEMPERATURE PLASMAS,

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Energy changes and heat transfer in high-temperature gaseous plasma flows are becoming increasingly important in technology. Mollier enthalpy-entropy diagrams have proved to be valuable tools in this development. Enthalpyentropy diagrams for hydrogen and argon plasmas at temperatures up to 100,000K and for pressures from 0.01 to 100 atm are presented. The diagrams are shown with lines of constant pressure, density, temperature, and sonic velocity. These graphs are further plotted in logarithmic co-ordinates in order to present the low-temperature region more clearly. The diagrams are only valid for plasmas existing in thin layers where the energy and entropy content of the enclosed radiation is not important. Radiation must be taken into account for plasma layers of large thickness. As an example of the application of these charts, the stagnation temperature of a body flying at 8,000 meters/ sec in a hydrogen or argon atmosphere at 0.01 atm pressure and 300K temperature is calculated. For the case of a hydrogen atmosphere, the wall temperature at the stagnation point T sub w = 2000K (wall radiation neglected) and T sub w = 1820K (with wall radiation). In argon, these values are 16,500K without and 5800K with wall radiation. The great importance of both the medium and the wall radiation is apparent. In these calculations it is assumed that no magnetic field exists. (Author)