jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Strategies for estimating atmospheric water vapour using ground-based GPS receivers in Australia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) of navigation satellites was first developed for global navigation and position determination purposes. Signals from satellites are delayed by the Earths neutral atmosphere on propagating to ground-based receivers, termed the tropospheric delay. Although an unwanted term for precise positioning, the tropospheric delay may be converted to atmospheric water vapour, which is a vital parameter for weather forecasting.This research investigates the optimum GPS processing strategy to estimate atmospheric water vapour derived from ground-based GPS receivers particularly in the Australian region. For this purpose, GPS data observations from GPS permanent stations across Australia, mainly from the Australian Regional GPS Network, will be processed using scientific GPS software in post-processed mode and near real-time mode.This research shows that by applying high accuracy GPS data processing, the tropospheric delay could be estimated precisely. The quality of GPS data processing is indicated by the station coordinates repeatability since the coordinates can gauge at least a coarse assessment of the ability of the processing method to estimate the tropospheric delay.The precipitable water can be estimated from the wet component after separating the tropospheric delay into dry and wet components. High accuracy GPS data processing is dependent on the best choice of processing strategies, and the correct application of error-correction models and a priori constraints. This research finds that the GPS- PW estimation agrees with Radiosonde-PW estimation with an average of standard deviation at 2.5mm level for post-processed strategy and 2.8mm for near real-time strategy. The standard deviation of tropospheric parameter estimates is 1.1mm for post-processed strategy and 1.5mm for near real-time strategy.
Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Cultivation: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vegetables are an important component of human diet as they are the only source of nutrients vitamins and minerals. They are also good remunerative to the farmer as they fetch higher price in the market. Like wise other crops they are also being hit by the con sequences of climate change such as global warming changes in seasonal and monsoon pattern and biotic and abiotic factors. Under changing climatic situations crop failures shortage of yields reduction in quality and increasing pest and disease problems are common and they render the vegetable cultivation unprofitable. Potato among the all vegetables is most vulnerable to climate change due to its exact climatic requirement for various physiological processes.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECAP Processed Copper: Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture and Hardness Homogeneity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The current study presents a detailed investigation for the equal channel angular pressing of pure copper through two regimes. The first was equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processing at room temperature and the second was ECAP processing at 200 °C for up to 4-passes of route Bc. The grain structure and texture was investigated using electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) across the whole sample cross-section and also the hardness and the tensile properties. The microstructure obtained after 1-pass at room temperature revealed finer equiaxed grains of about 3.89 µm down to submicrons with a high density of twin compared to the starting material. Additionally, a notable increase in the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) density was observed. This microstructure was found to be homogenous through the sample cross section. Further straining up to 2-passes showed a significant reduction of the average grain size to 2.97 µm with observable heterogeneous distribution of grains size. On the other hand, increasing the strain up to 4-passes enhanced the homogeneity of grain size distribution. The texture after 4-passes resembled the simple shear texture with about 7 times random. Conducting the ECAP processing at 200 °C resulted in a severely deformed microstructure with the highest fraction of submicron grains and high density of substructures was also observed. ECAP processing through 4-passes at room temperature experienced a significant increase in both hardness and tensile strength up to 180% and 124%, respectively.
Factors Affecting Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration of Cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations may be a useful tool to determine risk of cattle developing sulfurinduced polioencephalomalacia. In this study, steers were fed a low sulfur (0.2% S) or a high sulfur diet (0.7% S) and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations were measured. Although differences in ruminal hydrogen sulfide due to sulfur intake were maintained throughout the day, concentrations within treatment varied greatly throughout the day. Ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations peaked during the period from 6 to 10 hours after feeding. More research is needed to develop a threshold of ruminal hydrogen sulfide that may cause polioencephalomalacia. Additionally, time of sampling after feeding will need to be standardized for this risk assessment method to be successful.
Table3_Transcriptome-Wide m6A Analysis Provides Novel Insights Into Testicular Development and Spermatogenesis in Xia-Nan Cattle.XLSX

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Testis is the primary organ of the male reproductive tract in mammals that plays a substantial role in spermatogenesis. Improvement of our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms in testicular development and spermatogenesis will be reflected in producing spermatozoa of superior fertility. Evidence showed that N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) plays a dynamic role in post-transcription gene expression regulation and is strongly associated with production traits. However, the role of m6A in bovine testis has not been investigated yet. In this study, we conducted MeRIP-Seq analysis to explore the expression profiles of the m6A and its potential mechanism underlying spermatogenesis in nine bovine testes at three developmental stages (prepuberty, puberty and postpuberty). The experimental animals with triplicate in each stage were chosen based on their semen volume and sperm motility except for the prepuberty bulls and used for testes collection. By applying MeRIP-Seq analysis, a total of 8,774 m6A peaks and 6,206 m6A genes among the studied groups were identified. All the detected peaks were found to be mainly enriched in the coding region and 3′- untranslated regions. The cross-analysis of m6A and mRNA expression exhibited 502 genes with concomitant changes in the mRNA expression and m6A modification. Notably, 30 candidate genes were located in the largest network of protein-protein interactions. Interestingly, four key node genes (PLK4, PTEN, EGR1, and PSME4) were associated with the regulation of mammal testis development and spermatogenesis. This study is the first to present a map of RNA m6A modification in bovine testes at distinct ages, and provides new insights into m6A topology and related molecular mechanisms underlying bovine spermatogenesis, and establishes a basis for further studies on spermatogenesis in mammals.</p>
Ultrastructural Features of Allantosoma intestinalis, a Suctorian Ciliate Isolated from the Large Intestine of the Horse1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Allantosoma intestinalis , a suctorian ciliate isolated from the intestine of the horse, was studied utilizing light and electron optical methods. These small sausage‐shaped organisms have a varying number of tentacles (between one and 12) located at each extremity of the body. The microtubular axoneme of each tentacle in cross‐section consists of two files of microtubules arranged in a daisy‐like configuration. Haptocysts occur in the tentacle shaft, abutted to the plasma membrane of the knob of the tentacle, and in the cell body. The haptocysts are bottle‐shaped, with prominent annular striations around their midportion. The cell is covered by three membranes, an outer plasma membrane, an outer alveolar, and an inner alveolar membrane. A thin epiplasmic layer is found beneath the inner alveolar membrane, and a single row of microtubules underlies the epiplasm. The subpellicular microtubules are arranged parallel to each other forming a corset around the cell along the long axis: such a system is not characteristic of suctorians. A field of diminutive kinetosomes (each 180 nm long, max. of 15 per field), lacking cilia, was found below the cortex. The function of these prokinetosomes is unknown. A ciliated swarmer has not been observed, only the nonciliated adult. The characteristics of Allantosoma are compared with those of other suctorian genera.
Pathogenesis of Mooren&apos;s ulcer: some new concepts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Mooren&apos;s ulcer is a chronic, painful corneal ulceration of unknown aetiology. Recent histological and immunological studies suggest an autoimmune basis. It is now becoming clear that the immune system plays an intricate role in maintaining homoeostasis in health and disease. Regulation of the immune response appears to involve a subset of peripheral blood T lymphocytes known as suppressor cells. A qualitative or quantitative deficiency ofsuppressor cells may therefore be responsible for chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, and immunodeficiency states. To explain the reported immunological aberrations the number of suppressor T cells in addition to other immunological parameters were studied in a patient with bilateral Mooren&apos;s ulcers. A deficiency of suppressor T cells was found in the peripheral blood. This deficit in the immuno-regulatory mechanism explains some of the immunological abnormalities reported in previous studies. Furthermore this study provides additional evidence for an autoimmune aetiology. In the light of these findings the possibility of a new line of treatment has been raised. Mooren&apos;s ulcer &apos; is a chronic, painful ulceration of the cornea that begins in the periphery with a steep, undermined, leading edge. The ulcer spreads first
Abstract 15085: Analysis of the Composite of Death and Stroke at Follow-Up Among Risk Profiles in Trials Comparing Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Implantation. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: To compare the effectiveness of transcatheter vs surgical aortic valve implantation on mid-term composite of death for any cause or stroke within high, intermediate and low-risk profiles. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature between 2007 and 2023 including randomized controlled trials comparing a composite of all-cause mortality or stroke of transcatheter vs surgical aortic valve replacement. Hazard ratios (HRs) and restricted mean survival time (RMST) differences within high, intermediate and low-risk profiles were estimated by reconstructing time-to-event data from Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Seven trials were included (8418 participants). The incidence of composite endpoint increases concordantly with higher risk profiles for both treatments. A time variant effect unites all the risk profiles with transcathteter superior to surgery early and a trend toward HR reversal after 24 months, also supported by an cumulative additional time-to-event of 0.57 months at 3 years driven by high risk (95%CI 0.19 - 0.9) that is reabsorbed at 60 months, The benefit of transcatheter approach increased over time till 5 years in high risk, while intermediate and low risk showed a similar quadratic association (a parameter -0.0004, 95%CI -0.0008 - 0, p-value 0.05; b parameter 0.029, 95%CI 0.012 - 0.046, p-value 0.001), with a smaller increase of the transcatheter that is reabsorbed after a nadir at 36 months. Conclusions: There is a different trend of benefit of transcatheter approach within risks. TAVI maintains a benefit over surgery at 5-years in high risk, while its advantage is smaller and runs out at 5 years in the low-mid risk groups.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book shamelessly borrows its title from David Mamet's 1977 comedy, A Life in the Theatre. A parody and celebration of the theatre, the play spotlights the egos, jealousies, and camaraderie of two actors, one old, one young, as they perform. It's theatre history and theatre practice tightly presented in twenty-six short scenes revealing careers under strain and underway. It is Mamet's acknowledgement of what the theatre can give and take, its rewards and punishments. And it summarizes his own forty-year love affair with drama.
Fuzzy decision modeling for manufacturability evaluation under the concurrent engineering environment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A manufacturability evaluation decision model is formulated and analyzed based on fuzzy logic and multiple attribute decision-making under the concurrent engineering environment. Multiple criteria such as the goal space, the decision space, the function space, the development (i.e., product and process design) space, and activity space, are then applied under different analysis of decision-making methods. The fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making (FMADM), combined with activity-based costing (ABC) can be used in the activity decision space. And the fuzzy logic decision model can be applied in the goal decision space. The results of the study point out the importance of early decision making capability. An example of a high-pressure vessel is provided to demonstrate the proposed model for evaluating the manufacturability.
<title>Wavelet transforms for electroencephalographic spike and seizure detection</title>

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The application of wavelet transforms (WT) to experimental data from the nervous system has been hindered by the lack of a straightforward method to handle noise. A noise reduction technique, developed recently for use in wavelet cluster analysis in cosmology and astronomy, is here adapted for electroencephalographic (EEG) time-series data. Noise is filtered using control surrogate data sets generated from randomized aspects of the original time-series. In this study, WT were applied to EEG data from human patients undergoing brain mapping with implanted subdural electrodes for the localization of epileptic seizure foci. EEG data in 1D were analyzed from individual electrodes, and 2D data from electrode grids. These techniques are a powerful means to identify epileptic spikes in such data, and offer a method to identity the onset and spatial extent of epileptic seizure foci. The method is readily applied to the detection of structure in stationary and non-stationary time-series from a variety of physical systems.
Indigenous Peoples and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Guatemala

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present case study is part of a larger research project undertaken for the Inter-American Development Bank, concerning the issue of indigenous peoples and poverty reduction in Latin America. In introducing the Guatemalan study, it is important to clarify its scope and objectives. It aims both to broaden the knowledge of IDB officials themselves regarding the complex issues to be addressed in reducing the poverty of indigenous peoples in a country like Guatemala; and also to prepare the ground for a future dialogue between IDB officials and the Government of Guatemala on this same subject. Given this dual objective, the study of necessity contains more background information than for a document prepared exclusively for the Government of Guatemala. At the same time, the main focus is on policy concerns rather than a descriptive account of the poverty facing indigenous peoples in Guatemala.
Search for sarcoidosis candidate genes by integration of data from genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We propose 9 candidate genes: SERPINB1, FABP4, S100A8, HBEGF, IL7R, LRIG1, PTPN23, DPM2 and NUP214, as genes with high potential for association with sarcoidosis.
Hybrid Electrically Conductive Hydrogels with Local Nerve Growth Factor Release Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is challenging to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) clinically. As the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, autologous nerve grafting remains a critical limitation, including tissue availability, donor-site morbidity, immune rejection, etc. Recently, conductive hydrogels (CHs) have shown potential applications in neural bioengineering due to their good conductivity, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Herein, a hybrid electrically conductive hydrogel composed of acrylic acid derivatives, gelatin, and heparin with sustained nerve growth factor (NGF) release property was developed. The rat sciatic nerve injury (SNI) model (10 mm long segment defect) was used to investigate the efficacy of these hydrogel conduits in facilitating peripheral nerve repair. The results showed that the hydrogel conduits had excellent conductivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In addition, NGF immobilized in the hydrogel conduits had good sustained release characteristics. Finally, functional recovery and electrophysiological evaluations, together with histological analysis, indicated that the hydrogel conduits immobilizing NGF had superior effects on motor recovery, axon growth, and remyelination, thereby significantly accelerating the repairing of the sciatic nerve. This study demonstrated that hybrid electrically conductive hydrogels with local NGF release could be effectively used for PNI repair.
The immune response to rabies virus infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Rabies virus causes encephalitis in humans with a fatality rate of almost 100%.Encephalitis can be effectively prevented by pre-exposure vaccination and prompt post-exposure vaccination.However,almost all methods of treatment are ineffective once the clinical symptoms of rabies develop.Innate and adaptive immune responses are triggered once the body is infected with the pathogen.An inadequate adaptive immune response triggered by the virus,particularly before the virus enters the CNS,may be one of the reasons for failed immunoprotection in humans.This paper reviews the immune response to rabies infection and vaccination.
Nucleophilic addition to olefins. 4. Structure-reactivity relationships in the reactions of amines with substituted benzylidene Meldrum's acids. Evidence for intramolecular proton transfer to carbon

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic addition to olefins. 4. Structure-reactivity relationships in the reactions of amines with substituted benzylidene Meldrum's acids. Evidence for intramolecular proton transfer to carbonClaude F. Bernasconi and Simonetta FornariniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 16, 5329–5336Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00536a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00536a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Re-visioning Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man for a Class of Urban Immigrant Youth

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“In this essay, I will explore Ralph Ellison’s 1952 classic novel, Invisible Man, as a text that has contemporary and relatable themes for a modern-day classroom of mostly urban youth. This essay is also a personal journey into how Ellison’s inventive approaches to form helped create a work that lends itself to contemporary reimagining. It asks the question, can Ellison’s interest in creating a living Afro-American literary tradition rooted in the lore of the ‘peasant’ or common folk have contemporary applications? How does Ellison’s belief that everyday folk expression has value hold up for today’s readers? I try to answer these questions through a combination of personal narrative, textual analysis, and, with the permission of my students, through samples of the work they created in class, in order to demonstrate the still relevant power of Ellison’s belief in first-person storytelling.”
Marsha Driscoll, Elizabeth E. Dunn, Dann Siems, and B. Kamran Swanson. Charles Darwin, the Copley Medal, and the Rise of Naturalism, 1861–1864.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is hard to think of a better subject for classroom role-playing and reenactment than the controversies over Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859). A wealth of reviews, diaries, cartoons, letters, and other sources are available. There is a wide array of potential roles, from sympathizers such as the rapier-witted zoologist Thomas Huxley to the geologist Adam Sedgwick, a devout evangelical and arch-opponent of all evolutionary speculation. The debate ranged across the world, involving discussions of the role of science in industrial capitalism, international trade, and colonial modernization. As part of the Reacting to the Past (RTTP) series, Charles Darwin, the Copley Medal, and the Rise of Naturalism, 1862–1864 offers an intriguing approach to engaging students in these disputes through game play and imaginative reconstruction. It first appeared in the Darwin bicentennial year of 2009 and has been republished (unchanged) by the publisher W. W. Norton. The game...
Synthesis, characterization, and applications of novel additives of polysiloxane containing N,N′‐bis(diphenylsilyl)tetraphenylcyclodisilazane

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three N , N ′‐bis(diphenylsilyl)tetraphenylcyclodisilazane‐based derivatives, N , N ′‐bis(3,3,3‐trimethyl‐1,1‐diphenyl‐disiloxanyl)tetraphenylcyclodisilazane, N ‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1,1‐diphenyl‐3‐vinyl‐disiloxanyl)‐ N ′‐(3,3,3‐trimethyl‐1,1‐diphenyl‐disiloxanyl)‐tetraphenylcyclodisilazane, and N , N ′‐bis‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1,1‐diphenyl‐3‐vinyl‐disiloxanyl) tetraphenylcyclodisilazane, were synthesized. These compounds were synthesized in an easy and effective route. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analyses showed that the four‐member rings were planar rings, and the structures are different with the different substitution. The compound N , N ′‐bis‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1,1‐diphenyl‐3‐vinyl‐disiloxanyl) tetraphenylcyclodisilazane was added to the silicone rubber as additive to enhance the thermal stability greatly increased the thermal stability of the silicone rubber, without altering the glass transition temperature. The weight loss at 350°C in nitrogen atmosphere for 24 h reduced from 55.8% for 0 wt % to 9.8% for 10 wt % addition N , N ′‐Bis‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1,1‐diphenyl‐3‐vinyl‐disiloxanyl)tetraphenylcyclodisilazane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007