jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The design and performance of infrared beamline at SSRF

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the design of the infrared beamline BL01B at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has been preformed. The present status of this beamline will be described. This beamline is under construction. It utilizes both edge radiation and bending magnet radiation by using a unique extraction optics system. The expected performances of the beamline have been discussed. Moreover, the endstations and main research fields have been described.
Impact of Idiopathic Scoliosis on the Cardiopulmonary Capacity of Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chest deformities in children with scoliosis may result in cardiopulmonary disorders, lowering cardiopulmonary capacity levels. However, results regarding the dependence of cardiopulmonary capacity on the severity level of scoliosis remain controversial. We aimed to use dynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to investigate exercise capacity in reference to spinal deformity in patients with mild or moderate idiopathic scoliosis by means of multivariate analyses. Methods: We included 92 children and adolescents aged 10–17 years with mild and moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 94 healthy peers. The study consisted of three parts: (1) medical record analyses; (2) anthropometric measurements; and (3) CPET. Results: Our results revealed that the mean VO2peak and VO2peak/kg values of the participants with scoliosis were 0.27 L/min and 0.37 mL/min/kg lower than their healthy peers, respectively, regardless of age and gender. Furthermore, the occurrence of scoliosis correlates with a mean decrease in minute ventilation volume by 10.10 L/min, tidal volume by 0.11 L, breathing frequency by 3.78 bpm, and breathing reserve by 14.34%, regardless of the age and gender of the participants. Children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate scoliosis during CPET exhibit a lower ventilation capacity and lower VO2 max than healthy adolescents matched in age but their cardiorespiratory fitness parameters do not depend on the Cobb angle value and the angle rotation of the primary spinal curvature. Conclusions: Physical therapy and activity should be recommended to prevent cardiorespiratory failure in later life in patients with scoliosis. This study may also provide CPET reference values for healthy children and adolescents with scoliosis.
The acoustics of the alignment of focus prosody and lexical stress: A production study of native speakers and second language learners of English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In English, the tonal target of a pitch accent is aligned with lexical stress. Therefore, the phonetic realization of contrastive focus prosody, phonologically marked by a H*/L + H* pitch accent, is expected to vary depending on the stress pattern of the focused word. This study explored acoustic effects of the alignment of lexical stress and focus prosody and examined how it is learned by Korean learners of English, whose first language lacks lexical stress. Ten native English speakers (L1) and 19 Korean learners of English (L2) participated in a read-aloud task, in which they produced nine trisyllabic words with primary stress on one of the three syllables with contrastive focus (e.g., Animal, vaNILla, engiNEER). For each syllable, three acoustic measures were extracted: the height of pitch peak, periodic energy mass, and the direction of pitch movements (Albert et al., 2021; Cangemi et al., 2019). Results revealed that the height of pitch peak, a conventional measure of both lexical stress and contrastive focus, did not properly demonstrate their alignment. Instead, the stressed syllable of the focused words was marked by its overall prominence (mass) or the direction of pitch movements, depending on the stress pattern. The L2 speakers’ productions were similar to the L1 productions, but there were indications of an influence of their L1 prosody and English proficiency. [This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022S1A5A8052482).]
Abstract 9854: Somatic Mutations in Single Human Cardiomyocytes Reveal Rapid Age-Related DNA Damage and Cardiomyocyte Fusion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Advanced age is the most important risk factor for heart disease, yet we have an incomplete understanding of how aging promotes heart disease. Accumulation of somatic DNA mutations has been demonstrated to be a hallmark of aging in many human cell types. The underlying cause of these many aging phenotypes is likely molecular in nature, but its mechanism is not well understood. Methods: To define the effect of aging on cardiomyocytes we performed single-cell whole-genome or panel sequencing from ~1000 single cardiomyocytes from 10 individuals aged 0.4 ~ 82 yrs. Mutational signatures of aging cardiomyocytes were analyzed by non-negative matrix factorization and a cell lineage tree was constructed. Results and Conclusions: Tetraploid cardiomyocytes showed a significant increase of (somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNV) density with age ( p = 0.0027), and this age-dependent increase remained significant even after adjusting for differences in the evenness of amplification. The sSNVs were distributed broadly across the genome. We further confirmed the age-dependent trend in diploid cardiomyocytes. A consistent increase of somatic mutation burden in human heart muscle cells with age, regardless of cardiomyocyte nuclear ploidy was observed. Cardiomyocytes accumulate age-related SNVs at rates higher than those previously described in other noncycling cells like neurons. Signature analysis reveals that cardiomyocyte SNVs display distinctive signatures of mutagenic processes, including increased oxidative stress, defective mismatch repair. A cell lineage tree, constructed from shared somatic single nucleotide variants, revealed that many polyploid cardiomyocytes derive from multiple clonal origins, implicating cell fusion as a major mechanism contributing to polyploidization. Since age-accumulated sSNVs create many damaging mutations, the fusion of clonally distinct cells to form multiploid cardiomyocytes provides a mechanism of genetic compensation that may minimize the complete knockout of essential genes during aging. Age-related accumulation of cardiac mutations provides a paradigm to understand the influence of aging on cardiac dysfunction.
[Application of fallopian tube embolization before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer dealing with the hydrosalpinx].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fallopian tubes embolization used in hydrosalpinx treatment before IVF-ET is an innovative approach, simple, safe, economical, with no negative impact on ovarian function. It can significantly increase the clinical pregnancy rate and prevent the occurrence of tubal pregnancy. It is a feasible and effective method.
Forget Homi! Creolization, Omogéneia, and the Greek Diaspora

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An early colonial model of creolization asked whether migrants to the New World underwent such drastic denaturing as to no longer be considered trustworthy compatriots. Homelands and their overseas colonies actively debated the moral meaning of change. In this essay, this structural model of creolization is applied to understand the relationship between the Greek state and its diaspora in the United States. That relationship has been governed by the ethnonationalist concept of omogéneia, which means “of the same génos or ancestry” but also “homogeneity.” In the twentieth century, omogeneís referred mainly to ethnic Greeks born and raised abroad and not possessing Greek citizenship. The idea of ethnic homogeneity became increasingly hard to sustain as Greek-Americans lost linguistic and cultural competence. The structural model of creolization guides the exploration of Greek homeland–diaspora negotiations of cultural and linguistic change in the American case. Greek-Americans are both ethnic Americans and diaspora Greeks at the same time. Although hybridity and creolization have been held up in postcolonial studies (e.g., Homi Bhabha) as productive of creative political agency, this study reveals a troubled dimension of creolization in the Greek diaspora. Omogéneia has implicitly become an othering term for those who are not linguistically and culturally competent according to homeland models and standards. A word that initially extended a welcome to ethnic Greeks left behind in Ottoman lands at independence in 1832 is now crumbling under the weight of its own contradictions.
Hydrogenation of Vitamin B1 and Other Quaternary Thiazoles1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of Vitamin B1 and Other Quaternary Thiazoles1Fritz Lipmann and Gerty PerlmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 11, 2574–2578Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01278a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01278a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Research conducted over the last fifteen years has placed in question many of the traditional conclusions about the evolution of human female sexuality. Women have not lost estrus, as earlier researchers thought, but it is simply concealed, resulting in two functionally distinct sexualities with markedly different ends in each phase. At the fertile phase of the cycle, women prefer male traits that may mark superior genetic quality, and at infertile phases, they prefer men willing to invest resources in a mate. Thus, women’s peri-ovulatory sexuality functions to obtain a sire of superior genetic quality, and is homologous with estrus in other vertebrates. This model sheds light on male human sexuality as well: men perceive and respond to women’s estrus, including by increased mate guarding. Men’s response is limited, compared to other vertebrate males, implying coevolutionary history of selection on females to conceal estrus from men and selection on men to detect it. Research indicates that women’s concealed estrus is an adaptation to copulate conditionally with men other than the pair-bond partner. Women’s sexual ornaments-the estrogen-facilitated features of face and body-are honest signals of individual quality pertaining to future reproductive value.
Projection operator techniques for compact groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Projection operator techniques for reducing the Kronecker product of N irreducible representations of a compact group are developed. Among the results are a generalized Clebsch-Gordan series and generalized Wigner-Eckart theorems. The methods developed here are easily applied to any compact group provided one can (a) compute the matrix elements, between product states, of the projector onto the identity representation, and (b) select a subset of product states such that their projections form a basis for the subspace belonging to the identity representation. For the case of angular momentum projection, methods are given for solving both these problems.
Elimination of the light shift in rubidium gas cell frequency standards using pulsed optical pumping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Changes in the intensity of the light source in an optically pumped, rubidium, gas cell frequency standard can produce corresponding frequency shifts, with possible adverse effects on the long-term frequency stability. A pulsed optical pumping apparatus was constructed with the intent of investigating the frequency stability in the absence of light shifts. Contrary to original expectations, a small residual frequency shift due to changes in light intensity was experimentally observed. Evidence is given which indicates that this is not a true light-shift effect. Preliminary measurements of the frequency stability of this apparatus, with this small residual pseudo light shift present, are presented. It is shown that this pseudo light shift can be eliminated by using a more homogeneous C-field. This is consistent with the idea that the pseudo light shift is due to inhomogeneity in the physics package (position-shift effect).
Pitch and Tempo Discrimination in Recorded Orchestral Music among Musicians and Nonmusicians

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pitch and tempo discriminations within a musical context were investigated. Two hundred musicians and two hundred nonmusicians heard ten excerpts of relatively familiar orchestral music. Excerpts were presented in pairs in order to test the ability of subjects to discriminate how an altered excerpt differed in pitch and/or tempo from its unaltered presentation. Pitch levels and tempi of the excerpts independently or in combination increased, decreased, or remained constant compared to unaltered versions. Consistent with previous research, subjects identified correctly the examples of decreased pitch levels significantly more than pitch increase examples. It is surprising, however, that tempo increase examples, rather than tempo decreases, were identified more accurately. Additional study regarding listener discrimination of the elements of music and related preferences appears advisable, since these conceivably influence music instruction as well as the performance of music.
Aero-Structural Response of a Slitted Bistable Laminate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Compliant morphing structures have been explored in aircraft as potential alternatives to rigid hinge-based mechanisms because of their ability to undergo large deformations without complicated assemblies. The simple geometry, high strength-to-weight ratio, and selective stiffness of bistable composite laminates make them highly suitable for use in morphing structures. However, rectangular asymmetric laminates with one edge clamped lose their bistability at low aspect ratios (free edge length to clamped edge length). Introducing multiple slits parallel to the free edge of these laminates has previously been shown to enable natural curving, thereby preserving their bistability. In this work, we characterize the behavior of a slitted bistable laminate under aerodynamic loading. The laminate is mounted to a bluff body leading edge inside a wind tunnel. The lift and drag forces acting on the two stable states of the slitted laminate are measured at two different flow speeds of 10 m/s and 20 m/s, and angles of attack ranging from −10 degrees to +10 degrees. We compare these results to those of a conventional bistable laminate with the same geometry to understand how the addition of slits affects the associated aerodynamics.
Erich Auerbach and the Death and Life of World Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Auerbach revival of the last quarter century presents itself to us as a paradox. On the one hand is Auerbach the literary historian of almost encyclopedic reach and a paragon of the traditional scholarly virtues. On the other hand, especially in the works of such scholars as Edward W. Said and Paul A. Bove, Auerbach appears as a sort of exemplary figure of what it means to inculcate a critical consciousness and thus as a significant resource for any project of cultural criticism that views itself in oppositional terms, in a posture of negation toward the dominant forms of society and culture. Auerbach is aware that the critical humanist – philologist of world literature – cannot claim to be standing outside the powerful social forces he is describing and seeking to oppose and is, in fact, himself an agent of the process of leveling.
Genomic imbalances in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identified by molecular cytogenetic techniques

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This review summarizes the chromosomal changes detected by molecular cytogenetic approaches in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Whole genome analyses of ESCC cell lines and tumors indicated that the most frequent genomic gains occurred at 1, 2q, 3q, 5p, 6p, 7, 8q, 9q, 11q, 12p, 14q, 15q, 16, 17, 18p, 19q, 20q, 22q and X, with focal amplifications at 1q32, 2p16-22, 3q25-28, 5p13-15.3, 7p12-22, 7q21-22, 8q23-24.2, 9q34, 10q21, 11p11.2, 11q13, 13q32, 14q13-14, 14q21, 14q31-32, 15q22-26, 17p11.2, 18p11.2-11.3 and 20p11.2. Recurrent losses involved 3p, 4, 5q, 6q, 7q, 8p, 9, 10p, 12p, 13, 14p, 15p, 18, 19p, 20, 22, Xp and Y. Gains at 5p and 7q, and deletions at 4p, 9p, and 11q were significant prognostic factors for patients with ESCC. Gains at 6p and 20p, and losses at 10p and 10q were the most significant imbalances, both in primary carcinoma and in metastases, which suggested that these regions may harbor oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Gains at 12p and losses at 3p may be associated with poor relapse-free survival. The clinical applicability of these changes as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC, or as molecular targets for personalized therapy should be evaluated.
Does Financial Inclusion Increase MSME Financing at Islamic Banks During Covid 19?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The impact of Covid-19 on MSME has necessitated solutions through MSME financing at Sharia Banks, involving the role of financial inclusion to address their financial challenges. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of financial inclusion in stimulating MSME financing during Covid 19 with a focus on the effect of financial inclusion on MSME financing at Islamic banks during covid 19. The method used is Panel Data Analysis with the best model chosen, namely the Fixed Effect Model with GLS weights used Seemingly Uncorrelated Regression to solve autocorrelation problems and a higher adjusted R-Square value. The object of research is Islamic Banks using secondary data from 33 provinces in Indonesia during the Covid-19 period, from March 2020 to December 2022 with total of 1122 observations. The results of this study imply that any increase in financial inclusion will increase Islamic Bank Financing for the MSME sector in each province in Indonesia. Furthermore, during this period, an increase in DPK can enhance the distribution of inclusive financing, while a rise in NPF ratio can reduce it. This research contributes by demonstrating that the increased inclusivity of financial services can enable easier and more affordable access to financial products and services offered by formal institutions, particularly in the context of financing for MSME, with the aim of improving overall well-being and addressing the impact of COVID-19.
Forms of Work in Interactive Teaching of Mathematics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In accordance with modern teaching methods mathematics, the degree of interactivity of teaching/learning is a basic criterion the quality of the basic mathematics education process. Methodical approach to interactive continues, for each class separately, contains original methodological frameworks with models of interactive processing of all teaching units. Interactive teaching is a social process, learning as an interaction between students and teachers, students, students and parents, peers. The result of this teaching are relatively permanent changes in thinking and behavior, which occur based on experience, tradition and practice achieved in social interaction.
Structural behaviour of thin-walled steel elements with geometric and sectional non-uniformities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This PhD program proposes innovative ideas within a comprehensive and yet umbrella definition as indicated through the title. Above all, this thesis provides a comprehensive compendium of experimental results on a variety of aspects of buckling of thin walled steel elements and an invaluable resource of experimental data for the later studies of such structural elements. This thesis experimentally investigates the structural stability of thin-walled steel members with different geometrical and material specifications. For tubular circular members made exclusively from steel, large imperfections in the form of dents were examined under axial loading, bending and external pressure. As another form of geometrical irregularity, different shapes and geometries of cutouts were considered in order to investigate the effect of these imperfections on the structural behaviour of the steel members. Circular shell elements with normal fabrication-related imperfections were investigated under external pressure. Reinforcement of the shell members with additional elements (stiffeners/thickeners) and without additional material (corrugation) was also undertaken. Large imperfections such as dents and cutouts with different sizes were then examined for circular tubes under cyclic loading. Rehabilitation of members with cutouts (using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer, CFRP), fully recovered the reduced capacity resulted from the existence of the cutouts; yet, employed reinforcements manifested capacities well above the intact models. Sectional irregularity was also of a great interest in this PhD thesis, which was adopted for composite members. Composite elements such as CFRP and timber were combined with thin-walled steel members to produce light-weight elements with great structural efficiency. Timber cores with different cross sections were utilised for timber filled CHS steel tubular sections. CFRP reinforced the timber-filled CHS members from outside the steel so that both inward and outward buckling was restricted. The same scenario was used for the CHS members with timber and concrete cores, in which the timber blocks were employed to act as compressive members, alongside their key role to form (cast) the concrete inside the tubes. Bending members including timber, reinforced by U-shape steel members were designed in order to make a light-weight flexural element. The effect of such strengthening on the capacity as well as the ductility of the beams in question was evaluated.