jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Griswold v. Connecticut: birth control and the constitutional right of privacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Americans value as one of their most cherished rights, yet word privacy isn't even mentioned in U.S. Constitution. It took Supreme Court's ruling in v. Connecticut (1965) to bestow constitutional protection upon this right. That remains one of Court's most hotly debated rulings and led directly to an even more controversial decision in Roe v. Wade (1973). John Johnson's masterly critique of Griswold which observes its 40th anniversary on June 7, 2005 reminds us once again of its crucial impact on both American law and society. Johnson explores Griswold's origins in a challenge to Connecticut's 1879 anti-contraception law, provides a detailed narrative of its progress, examines unfolding of newly secured right of up to recent controversies over same-sex relations, and grounds story in two key contexts: struggle within one state to establish right to birth control and national debate over right of privacy. He also provides important insights into Supreme Court decision in Poe v. Ullman (1961), which rejected challenges to Connecticut's law and was itself immediately challenged. In response to Poe, Planned Parenthood opened a clinic in New Haven to dispense birth control advice and devices to married women. Ten days later, a local prosecutor shut clinic down and indicted executive director Estelle Griswold and her medical director, C. Lee Buxton. Tracing progress of Griswold's case, Johnson clarifies how or the right to be let alone became a judicially constructed right. In one of most idiosyncratic opinions in Court's history, Justice William O. Douglas ruled that emanations from five constitutional amendments afforded protection to right of privacy, while several other justices proposed competing rationales in support. As he unravels this fascinating tale, Johnson reveals a multifaceted decision that was not in fact doctrinal novelty that many scholars have argued. For two generations, Griswold has functioned as legal basis for judicial rulings involving issues of sexual intimacy, reproductive rights, and family life. Even today, it continues to set agenda for debates about in American life and about how Constitution itself should be interpreted. Johnson's deft and incisive analysis of case will interest anyone concerned about nature, scope, and future of in America.
Entrepreneurial Behavior of SMEs and Characteristics of the Managers of Northwest Mexico

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to determine the difference in the entrepreneurial behavior of companies based on the demographic characteristics of their manager or leader. To comply with the above, a quantitative, transversal, and non-experimental research study was carried out, which consisted in applying an instrument to 262 managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a northern city in Mexico. The collected information was analyzed in the software SPSS, version 26, with statistical testing by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The main findings show that these companies have differences in their entrepreneurial behavior based on the age and educational level of their managers, while gender and seniority at work are not differentiating elements in relation to the above. This research generates different possibilities of studies to be carried out in large companies from other sectors, and suggests the inclusion of behavioral characteristics as study variables.
The News in the Provinces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Studying the hinterlands of Kalimantan, Indonesia, this chapter speaks of the hinterland reception of metropolitan news broadcasts. In tacking between a sketch of the metropolitan news and a more detailed portrait of its reception in Kalimantan during the late New Order period, it argues that the news is understood in the provinces in ways that its metropolitan broadcasters do not imagine. The news is key to issues of cultural citizenship in that it provides the information needed to participate in public groups concerned with political issues. The news-making process draws lines of difference and exclusion; it creates interpretive disjunctions and political asymmetries along lines of ethnicity, class, language, urbanity, gender, and generation.
Probing dissociation of space-like photons in deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that the hadronic dissociation of space-like $(Q^2>0)$ photons can be directly probed by performing measurements in the fragmentation region of transversely polarized and unpolarized proton beams at the electron-proton collider HERA. Measurements of momentum-distributions in the photon-fragmentation region in normal and in LRG (large rapidity gap) events are also suggested --- especially when the scattered proton or neutron in the proton-beam direction is tagged. It is pointed out that such distributions can yield useful information on the mechanisms of hadronic fragmentation in general, and answer the following questions in particular: Is the well-known hypothesis of limiting fragmentation (HFL) valid in color-exchange, in flavor-exchange, or only in vacuum-quantum-number-exchange processes ?
The Rake's Progress. Igor Stravinsky

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Rake's Progress. Igor Stravinsky Get access London Green London Green Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Opera Quarterly, Volume 4, Issue 2, Autumn 1986, Pages 167–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/oq/4.2.167 Published: 01 October 1986
Evaluation of a New Barite Dissolver: Lab Studies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Proposal Barite is a common weighting agent used for oil well applications. It is commonly used to provide adequate weight to control downhole pressures in drilling slurries. Since it is used for control of pressure, it is a common source of formation damage, especially in deep, hot formations where drilling fluid weights exceed 17 ppg. Although alternatives do exist for barite, (e.g., formate drilling fluids) they are significantly more expensive, and not available on a rapid turnaround basis as in emergency situations required by well control operations. Once damage has occurred, remediation is a very difficult proposition. Barite is not soluble in typical oilfield inorganic acids used in stimulation. The most common methods of remediation are fracture stimulation and/or deep perforations. The use of these methods can remediate the problem, but at high cost. Also, since the well productivity cannot be evaluated prior to stimulation operations, a poor quality well cannot be identified until a significant investment has been made. The most common chemicals currently in use to address this problem are "barite dissolvers". These agents are all strong metal ion chelators. Aminopolycarboxylic acids (e.g., EDTA) and similar reagents have been used with low success rates.1 Recently, hydroxylaminopolycarboxylic acids were introduced, but to the best of the author&#39;s knowledge was not extensively used in the field.2 This study investigates a new barite dissolver and compares its performance with other commercial dissolvers. The new material is a proprietary dissolver supplied in a liquid form. This study investigates the dissolving capacity, and evaluates the effectiveness of the dissolver by conducting coreflood tests. These tests were conducted using sandstone cores obtained from a deep gas well (300°F). The effectiveness of the dissolver was followed by measuring the concentration of barium in the core effluent. Unlike other barite dissolvers, the new chemical is shown to be very effective in restoring the permeability of damaged cores. The new chemical does not require long soaking times, and does not induce fines migration due to chemical means.
Intelligent Detection of Driver Behavior Changes for Effective Coordination Between Autonomous and Human Driven Vehicles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Driver behavior recognition is an essential determinant for effective coordination and communication between autonomous and human-driven vehicles. Effective coordination will ensure traffic flow optimization, collision avoidance and hazard detection. Humans exhibit a diverse array of driving behaviors and respond differently to task demands and capabilities of each driving situation. These behaviors can be captured from driving data generated by the vehicle, such as acceleration, brake position, steering wheel position, and transformed into driver behavior characterizations using unsupervised incremental machine learning. In this paper, we extend the Driver Demands and Capabilities Model for intelligent change detection. This model is implemented as an unsupervised incremental machine learning algorithm for behavior change detection, and differentiation between abrupt behavior change and repeating behavior change. Experiments were conducted using the first openly available dataset of annotated DAVIS driving recordings accompanying driving data. Results demonstrate and confirm the capabilities of the proposed model and algorithm for detecting driver behavior change, distinguishing between abrupt and repeat behavior changes. Detected changes can be communicated to all vehicles within the immediate vicinity for effective coordination and improved situational understanding.
Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Some Spiramycin Derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Antibacterial Activity of Some Spiramycin DerivativesR. J. Adamski, H. Heymann, S. G. Geftic, and S. S. BarkulisCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 6, 932–934Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00324a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00324a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
'Greater than Zeuxis and Apelles': Artists as Arguments in the Antwerp Entry of 1549

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When Charles V and his son and designated successor Philip rode into Antwerp on 11 September 1549, the city was decked out more beautifully than ever for this Joyous Entry. In spite of all the marks of honour, it is Alexander who is pre-eminent, not Apelles. The artist must serve as a pillar of support—almost literally so, in Antwerp—to bolster the ruler's glory. And such embedding in politics naturally applies just as much to the history of art. The emphasis on modernity is even more clearly pronounced with respect to the representatives of Industria, the Florentine artists Giotto and Michelangelo. Their legend 'His cedat Zeuxis, cedat ter magnus Apelles' employs the classical 'cedat nunc' topos. Petrarch had already called Simone Martini a master, better even than Polykletes, Zeuxis, Praxiteles and Phidias. Vallani says that Giotto is greater than Apelles, and many others produce variations on these comparisons.
Comparison between reflectance confocal microscopy and 2‐photon microscopy in early detection of cutaneous radiation injury in a mouse model in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneous radiation injury (CRI) is a skin injury caused by high‐dose exposure of ionizing radiation (IR). For proper treatment, early detection of CRI before clinical symptoms is important. Optical microscopic techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and 2‐photon microscopy (TPM) have been tested as the early diagnosis method by detecting cellular changes. In this study, RCM and TPM were compared in the detection of cellular changes caused by CRI in an in vivo mouse model. CRI was induced on the mouse hindlimb skin with various IR doses and the injured skin regions were imaged longitudinally by both modalities until the onset of clinical symptoms. Both RCM and TPM detected the changes of epidermal cells and sebaceous glands before clinical symptoms in different optical contrasts. RCM detected changes of cell morphology and scattering property based on light reflection. TPM detected detail changes of cellular structures based on autofluorescence of cells. Since both RCM and TPM were sensitive to the early stage CRI by using different contrasts, the optimal method for clinical CRI diagnosis could be either individual methods or their combination.
Self-Evaluations of Kindergarten Children: Inaccurate and Undifferentiated?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Israeli kindergartners from kibbutz and city environments evaluated themselves using Harter and Pike's (1984) pictorial scale on four domains: cognitive competence, physical competence, peer acceptance, and mother acceptance. The children were rated previously by their teachers on subscales corresponding to the first three domains. Results indicated that in their self-appraisals, kibbutz children, unlike city kindergartners, differentiated among the four evaluative domains tapped by the pictorial scale and showed a moderate level of congruence with teachers' ratings. The levels of differentiation and congruence manifested by kibbutz kindergartners were similar to those typically reported for middle elementary school children in other social contexts and cultures. The most central and differentiated domain in the self-evaluations of kibbutz children was peer acceptance, whereas for city kindergartners the most central and differentiated domain was mother acceptance. Contrary to the view that inaccurate and undifferentiated self-judgment among young children is a normal cognitive developmental phenomenon, the results indicated that the general level of cognitive maturity in young children does not severely limit their capacity for accurate and differentiated self-appraisal. The findings are consistent with approaches emphasizing the role of contextual factors in the development of social cognition.
Brand’s communications in Covid-19. Social role during and after lockdown

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to identify the narrative communicative resources and messages spread by brands within the background of a global pandemic. This study compares two samples of advertising spots broadcast in Spain: one during the COVID-19 lockdown period and the other selected from the last de-escalation phase of the health crisis. A content analysis of a compendium of 125 commercials was proposed. The main finding is the social function adopted during lockdown in order to encourage the population with positive and resilient messages while during the de-escalation the brands recover their traditional commercial role and, do not even reflect reality with the persistence of the outbreak in the images and discourse. In fact, it showed a first phase focused on branding and a second phase when the population was urged to consume. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown a clear need for brands to adapt to an environment that has dramatically changed overnight. Practical Implications The paper includes implications for brands for sharing common support for emotional and psychological well-being in health crisis. This social function could improve their reputation and positioning globally.
Noli adhaerere velle seni mundo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Augustine invites Christians to maintain a detached attitude towards this world, an invitation which is largely reflected in the Sermones ad populum. This article studies these sermons to highlight the understanding of the relationship of Christians with pagans who are ultimately called to convert. According to this study, it is through preaching that Augustine christianizes pagans without forgetting other means, especially dialogue and knowledge of the practices of peoples not yet educated in the faith.
New business ideas incubation process: some exploratory findings of three Portuguese business incubation programs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The ever increasing competition in which firms operate at a global scale and the need to shift the type of economic growth have led countries to adopt instruments that give them a competitive advantage and deliver growth based on entrepreneurship and innovation. One instrument is the incubation of new business ideas, where incubators play a relevant role in helping firms to survive and grow during their initial stages. This chapter analyzes and discusses the incubation process in three different types of business incubators in Portugal, describing their modus operandi, the relationship with the incubatees, and the results obtained. The main findings are the three incubators are focused on stimulating entrepreneurship, new business ideas and innovation, and are concerned in being a facilitator agent of the success of those new projects; however, some differences might be seen among these incubators, namely in terms of criteria used to select the new business ideas or projects, the support services provided to the incubatees, the incubation period, and the type of projects supported.
ADE-HGNN: Accelerating HGNNs through Attention Disparity Exploitation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have recently demonstrated great power in handling heterogeneous graph data, rendering them widely applied in many critical real-world domains. Most HGNN models leverage attention mechanisms to significantly improvemodel accuracy, albeit at the cost of increased computational complexity and memory bandwidth requirements. Fortunately, the attention disparity from source vertices towards a common target vertex unveils an opportunity to boost the model execution performance by pruning unimportant source vertices during neighbor aggregation. In this study, we commence with a quantitative analysis of the attention disparity in HGNN models, where the importance of different source vertices varies for the same target vertex. To fully exploit this finding for inference acceleration, we propose a runtime pruning method based on min-heap and map it to a dedicated hardware pruner to discard unimportant vertices. Given that the pruning overhead itself is non-negligible and cannot be amortized by conventional staged execution paradigm, an operation-fusion execution fow of HGNNs is introduced to overlap the pruning overhead while harnessing inter-stage parallelism. Finally, we present the design of a novel HGNN accelerator, ADE-HGNN, tailored to support the proposed execution framework. Our experimental results demonstrate that ADE-HGNN achieves an average performance improvement of 28.21x over the NVIDIA GPU T4 platform and 7.98x over the advanced GPU A100, with the inference accuracy loss kept within a negligible range of 0.11%~1.47%. Furthermore, ADE-HGNN significantly reduces energy consumption to 1.97% and 5.37% of the two platforms, respectively.
Impact of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills on Academic Achievement among Nursing Students'

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Nowadays all higher educational institutions should develop and enhance their student's critical thinking and problem solving skills to be sure that its products meet or exceed market requirements. this study aimed to determine the impact of critical thinking and problem solving skills on academic achievement among nursing students, Setting; Faculty of Nursing Sohag University The subjects: No. = (448) students all 1st and 4th years, they examined using critical thinking, problem solving questionnaires and students achievement sheets, used descriptive correlational research design. The results revealed that; about (55.7%) of 4th and (49%) of 1st years nursing students were females, the 1st year nursing students had unsatisfactory critical thinking (68.8%) and problem solving skills (63.73%), while the 4th year had satisfactory critical thinking (84.03%) and problem solving skills (78.96%) with achieved point. The present study concluded that, there were positive correlations and statistical significant relation at 1st and 4th years nursing student's academic achievement with total critical thinking and problem solving skills for different nursing courses. The findings of the present study recommended that; critical thinking and problem solving skills measurements and development should be emphasized for undergraduates and postgraduates students and the importance of organized specialized training and workshop for nursing students to improve their critical thinking and problem solving skills.
Enhanced Surgical Skill Assessment via Adaptive VR Environment and Bayesian Network Calibration

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

**Abstract:** This research proposes a novel framework for surgical skill assessment leveraging an adaptive virtual reality (VR) environment combined with Bayesian Network (BN) calibration to provide highly granular and personalized skill evaluations. Unlike traditional VR surgical simulators that rely on predefined metrics, our system dynamically adjusts task difficulty based on real-time performance, ensuring consistent challenge and maximizing assessment accuracy. A BN is then employed to calibrate assessment scores, accounting for inter-rater variability and individual patient anatomy intricacies. The system promises a 30% increase in assessment reliability compared to current standard VR surgical training platforms and enables personalized training regimens tailored to individual skill gaps, creating substantial societal and economic value within the surgical training sector.
New development opportunities for the craft brewing segment: the case study of a micro-malthouse

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In Italy in the past few years, the number of small breweries penetrating the craft beer sector has grown exponentially. Craft producers intend to give a strong added value and a local character to their production in different ways. One of these is the use of malt derived from small batches of local cereals and pseudo cereals. The aim of this study is the assessment of investment profitability, through a cost-benefit analysis (CBA), for a compact and a modular micro-malting plant in Sicily (Southern Italy). The CBA for a micro-malthouse was carried out considering both installation and operating costs. Net present value (NPV), discounted benefit-cost ratio (DBCR) and internal rate of return (IRR) highlight the feasibility of an investment in a compact 2-tonnes micro-malthouse. Sensitivity analysis shows positive results of the above financial indices up to a 15% increase in the raw material costs, while with a 10% reduction of malt selling price, the same indices start being negative.