jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ampicillin for Typhoid Carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDIBCRTISOHNALthat the changes in urinary-oestrogens excre- tion after oophorectomy or adrenalectomy cannot be related to clinical benefit.6A possible conclusion is, therefore, that the benefit that follows oophorectomy or adrenalectomy in some patients with breast cancer is due not so much to removal of oestrogen as to the consequent liberation of gonadotrophins that follows such ablation therapy.In other words breast cancer in the younger woman may not be so much "oestrogen dependent" as "pituitary dependent."'There is, of course, other evidence that points to the same conclusion, but I hesitate to repeat this evidence in a letter.I would add only that my suggestion should lead logically to a trial of human pituitary gonadotrophin administration in patients with breast cancer failing to respond to castration.A similar trial was suggested in the treatment of cases showing a low gonadotrophin excretion after adrenalectomy.8The absence of reports of such trials in the literature to date reflects the difficulty of procuring adequate supplies of human pituitary gonadotrophin for thera- peutic trial, but I hope that this will be remedied in the near future.-Iam, etc.,
Hospital nurse managers' perspectives of the Magnet Recognition Program using an importance‐performance analysis: A quantitative cross‐sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To explore the perspectives of nursing managers in Korean hospitals on the Magnet Recognition Program using importance–performance analysis. Design A descriptive quantitative cross‐sectional design with a survey methodology was used to evaluate nursing managers' perceptions of the Magnet Recognition Program criteria. Methods After the Magnet Recognition Program's content validity was confirmed, an online survey was administered to 150 nursing managers from 10 hospitals. The results were analysed using importance–performance analysis. Results The average importance of the questionnaire for the developed Magnet Recognition Program criteria was 3.19 ± 135 and the performance was 2.90 ± 222. Items corresponding to the areas ‘Concentrate here’, ‘Keep up the good work’, ‘Possible overkill’ and ‘Low priority’ were identified using two importance–performance analysis frames. The items corresponding to ‘Concentrate here’ included evidence‐based nursing practice, the nursing professional practice model, nurses' participation in improving turnover rate and cases of innovation in nursing. Conclusion This study highlights areas for improvement within the Magnet Recognition Program as perceived by Korean nursing managers, emphasizing evidence‐based practice, professional models and nurses' involvement in turnover reduction and fostering innovation. Public Contribution To achieve Magnet recognition, hospitals must understand nursing managers' perspectives on the Magnet Recognition Program criteria. This study provides insights into enhancing the work environment for nurses in South Korean hospitals and lays the groundwork for developing effective Magnet certification programs. Introducing the Magnet program into South Korean hospitals may improve the overall nursing work environment and mitigate the serious problem of nursing staff turnover. Reporting Method The findings were reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.
Carbene-Based Bioadhesive Blended with Amine, Thiol, and Acrylate Liquid Additives

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Light activated carbenes provide a unique method of non-specific covalent bond formation needed in bioadhesives and rapid gelation. The highly reactive carbenes formed upon UV irradiation allow for binding to a wide range of natural and synthetic substrates in addition to cohesive bonds. However, little is known about how these crosslinkers would behave in the presence of additives, which are important for tuning material properties. This work investigates carbene based bioadhesives in the presence of various liquid additives containing reactive functional groups of hydroxyl, thiol, amine, or acrylate. Steady shear viscosity, dynamic mechanical properties, microstructure, and reactive functional groups are evaluated by photorheometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FTIR spectroscopy. The triol hydroxy additive maintains the storage modulus despite dilution of the diazirine crosslinker. The thiol additive reduces apparent viscosity whilst maintaining material properties. Polyamine accelerates ester hydrolysis and increases hydrophilicity. For the first time diacrylate polymerization is demonstrated by photoactivated diazirine, the carbene precursor. The diacrylate additive displays synergistic enhancement of dynamic modulus within the binary composite, reaching 977 kPa compared to 82 kPa of neat carbene based bioadhesive. The polymerisation of acrylates initiated by diazirine photolysis opens possibilities for acrylate initiation and hybrid composite biomaterials.
Science teachers’ in-service education to enhance students’ critical and creative thinking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Science and Technology have a major impact in the way people live in modern societies. Therefore, Science Education plays a vital role in students’ preparation for the possibilities the unknown future presents. Its addition is considered a fundamental setting for thinking competencies that encourage innovative solutions and reflective reasoning, particularly critical and creative thinking (CCT), closely linked, according to international education guiding principles, with a conscious and responsible citizenship. However, some argue that the didactic proposals used in science classrooms are, in general, distant from those guidelines providing little development of CCT in a stated and structured manner. Therefore, it is important to rethink science teachers’ education and provide opportunities for a specific preparation since teachers’ pre-service education does not include instructions on how to promote CCT in an intentionally, explicitly and systematically way. Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking are two productive, deliberate and transversal ways of thinking that are vital to effective learning and to an active and informed citizenship. The strong natural link of complementarity that can be inferred between CCT enables the making of informed decisions, the prediction and logical assessment of the impact of those decisions, the autonomous development of adaptive and innovative ideas to solve problems and the understanding of socially contextualized scientific processes and phenomena. This communication intends to present the characteristics of a theoretically based proposal related to an in-service education programme that prepares and qualifies teachers to respond to the difficult task of promoting students’ CCT. Accordingly, this education programme, a part of an initial undergoing PhD research, consists of 25 hours, 12 of which presencial and 13 in an autonomous work regime, covering: i) awareness of the relevance of CCT to students’ education; ii) CCT conceptual clarification; and iii) CCT pedagogical, teaching and assessment practices. The described in-service education programme emphasizes reflective collaborativeworkand considers the findings of earlier researches that point at the importance of providing professional learning opportunities throughout teachers long-term careers. Its implementation aims the renewal of didacticpractices in science classes to enhance students’ thinking skills and deepen their engagement in the learning process.
Intraoceanic Subduction System Within the Neo‐Tethys: Evidence From Late Cretaceous Arc Magmatic Rocks of the Eastern Himalaya

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The tectonic evolution of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean remains highly controversial, with several models existing in the community that conflict with each other. Here, we present new geochronologic and geochemical data for orthogneisses and amphibolites from the Greater Himalayan Sequence, eastern Himalayan orogen, which indicate that these rocks have Cenozoic metamorphic ages (∼52–3 Ma), but were derived from Late Cretaceous (∼89 Ma) magmas with arc‐like and depleted mantle geochemical signatures. Considering that northern India was a passive continental margin during the Mesozoic, and the previously reported Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the eastern Himalaya formed in a continental rifting setting, we suggest that the studied Late Cretaceous arc‐type magmatic rocks formed in an intraoceanic arc setting within the Neo‐Tethys, and accreted onto the passive margin of the Indian continent prior to the terminal continental collision. When combined with the existence of Late Mesozoic and intraoceanic arc‐type magmatic rocks in the western Himalaya, we suggest that a huge Late Cretaceous subduction system operated within the eastern Neo‐Tethys Ocean. This study supports two subduction zones having been responsible for the consumption and closure of the Neo‐Tethys basin, and a two‐stage collision history between India, Asia, and the intermediate island arc system. Our data therefore provide important constraints on the evolution of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean and India‐Asia collisional orogeny in southern Tibet.
Effects of severe heat stress on respiration and metabolic rate in resting man.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects on metabolic gas exchange, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension of increases in deep body temperature of 2 degrees C were studied in adult male human subjects at rest. The increase in pulmonary ventilation (49%) was accompanied by a reduction in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (17%). Heart rate rose by 85%. The increase in oxygen consumption expressed as a function of body surface area was found to be similar in all experiments (19%), irrespective of the value of the resting oxygen consumption in the control period. There was an associated 18% increase in carbon dioxide production. The results support a hypothesis that the increase in metabolism occurring during heat stress is limited solely to that part of the metabolism defined as basal.
Russia and the Spanish People's War of Independence (1808-14)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Spanish people's war of independence exercised a noticeable effect on the growth of patriotic and oppositionist moods in many European countries, Russia included. During the 1812 War for the Fatherland, the interest in events in Spain became stronger in Russian society. However, although this fact has been repeatedly noted in the literature, there has been no detailed study of responses in Russia to the events of 1808-14 in Spain.
Implications of regional gravity for state of stress in the Earth's crust and upper mantle

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Topography is maintained by stress differences within the earth. Depending on the distribution of the stress we classify the support as either local or regional compensation. In general, the stresses implied in a regional compensation scheme are an order of magnitude larger than those corresponding to local isostasy. Gravity anomalies, a measure of the earth's departure from hydrostatic equilibrium, can be used to distinguish between the two compensation mechanisms and thus to estimate the magnitude of deviatoric stress in the crust and upper mantle. Topography created at an oceanic ridge crest or in a major continental orogenic zone appears to be locally compensated. Such features were formed on weak crust incapable of maintaining stress differences much greater than the stress from the applied load. Oceanic volcanoes formed on an already cooled, thickened lithosphere are regionally supported with elastic stresses. Similarly, the broad topographic rise seaward of subduction zones is elastically supported as the lithosphere is bent near the plate margin. Although the implied stress is to some degree dependent on the rheological model assumed, the gravity anomalies and surface deformation produced by these features demonstrate that the upper 30–40 km of the oceanic lithosphere is capable of regionally supporting stress differences in the 100‐MPa range. Given certain conditions of load emplacement, continental crust can also support loads regionally over 100‐m.y. time scales, but the effects of erosion only allow an estimate of a lower bound on stress. Data from space probes indicate that the upper layers of other terrestrial planets also support topographic‐induced stress differences in excess of 100 MPa.
MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION OF THE PHENOLPHTHALEIN POLY(CYANOARYLETHER) BY ~1H-NMR TECHNIQUE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of phenolphthalein poly(cyanoarylether) with p (t tutyl)phenol were successfully synthesized. The number average molecular weight of phenolphthalein poly(cyanoarylether.) was determinated by 1H NMR technique. Combined with [η] , relationship between [η] and number average molecular weight was estabilished. The phenolphthalein poly(cyanoarylether) in tetrahydrofuran at 60 ℃ were done to determine Mark Houwink constants. The values of K = 1.64 ×10 -6 and α = 0.918 are obtained.
Potential reversible and high-capacity hydrogen storage medium: Li-decorated B3S monolayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The potential application of the B3S monolayer with and without Li decorated as hydrogen storage materials (HSMs) were studied using DFT calculations. We found that the interactions between H2 molecule and the pure B3S monolayer is too tiny to meet the requirements of optimal HSMs. The large binding energy (3.00–3.30 eV) of Li atoms on the B3S monolayer effectively hinders Li clustering. The adsorption energy per H2 for H2 molecules on the Li-decorated B3S monolayer is as moderate as between 0.167 and 0.208 eV, and the electrostatic nature of the interactions between H2 and Li-decorated monolayers is found. The Li-decorated B3S monolayers have high gravimetric and volumetric capacity of 7.7 wt% and 94.8 g/L, respectively. The desorption temperature indicates that the Li-decorated B3S monolayers as HSMs have high reversibility over the temperature of 224 K, and AIMD simulations show that H2 molecules have no kinetic hindrance for desorption. Therefore, the Li-decorated B3S monolayers are reversible and high capacity materials for hydrogen storage meeting the targets of U.S. DOE.
African American Sacred and Secular Identities in Mississippi’s Piney Woods

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores sacred and secular identities of African Americans in the Piney Woods of Mississippi. The experiences of people close to these folk traditions illustrate the historical and current structure of some African American identities in the Piney Woods, and how those identities have been maintained and transformed over the years. It is argued that both sacred and secular music gatherings are central to how African Americans have constructed and maintained identities in the past and in modern times, despite dramatic social and economic changes.
A CASE REPORT PERIOPERATIVE NEUROPATHY OF THE SCIATIC NERVE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, there has been a persistent tendency to increase the number of hip replacement operations, which is associated with the prevalence of coxarthrosis, as well as with a decrease in the age threshold for their manifestation. Along with this, the number of possible complications increases proportionally, including perioperative neuropathies, which can lead to long-term disability with a high frequency of disability. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze the risk factors for perioperative sciatic nerve neuropathy, as well as the form and degree of damage during hip replacement. This article presents a clinical case of perioperative sciatic nerve neuropathy as a complication of hip replacement. The history of the disease is described in detail with the data of instrumental diagnostics. You can trace the pattern of development of this complication and identify the causal relationship between risk factors and the lesion itself. It is worth noting that this article provides an overview of the current literature on this problem with reference to this clinical case. It becomes clear that at all stages of surgical treatment, it is necessary to identify risk factors in order to prevent sciatic nerve damage. Recovery of the damaged nerve is long and not always complete, which largely determines the unsatisfactory result of treatment. Therefore, in the process of preoperative preparation is necessary to assess the risk of development of postoperative neuropathies. Also, do not forget about the importance of conducting rehabilitation activities in the early postoperative period. Timely diagnosis of perioperative nerve damage will help clarify the patient's further management tactics.
ERUPTION CYST OVERLYING THE CROWN OF UPPER RIGHT FIRST PREMOLAR: A CASE REPORT

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: An eruption cyst is one of the odontogenic cyst involving the soft tissue, associated with the eruption of the primary or permanent tooth that lies behind the cyst. It often occurs in children; first permanent molars and maxillary incisors are the most prevalent teeth. Case: This article report an eruption cyst case in a 9-year-old female patient. The patient came with swelling on the gingiva overlying the crown of 14, and , clinically, the tooth has not erupted yet. Intraoral examination revealed the presence of smooth swelling, 1 cm x 0.8 cm, with bluish-black color. Case Management: Surgical incision under local anesthesia was performed to remove the cyst and exposed the tooth. Discussion: Eruption cyst is a soft tissue cyst. The exact aetiology remains unclear. It appears as a dome-shaped swelling, soft, transparent, bluish to blue-black color. It’s hard to distinguish eruption cyst on radiograph examination, because it’s a soft tissue cyst, no bone involvement. Histologically, it presents connective tissue covered with layer of non-keratinized squamous epithelium. A small asymptomatic eruption cyst does not require any treatment because it could rupture spontaneously. If it causes a problem, it must be removed by incision and drainage the cyst fluid contents. In this case, the cyst treated with simple incision, the tooth was exposed and could erupt normally. Conclusion: The latest knowledge and developments in diagnosis and treatment of eruption cysts are important for clinicians to understand in order to decide the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
Processing Costs of Cantonese-Latin script-mixing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An emerging trend among young Cantonese speakers is to script-mix morphographic Chinese characters with Latin graphemes in social media exchanges, uncommon in traditional Chinese contexts. The results of a self-paced reading experiment with Cantonese speakers are reported to determine whether script-mixing incurs processing costs, and if so, whether these can be attributed to Inhibitory Control of one of the two scripts or to Dual Activation of both scripts but with slower lexical access within the non-dominant script. Sentences were presented either entirely in Chinese characters or had one region presented in Latin graphemes. Processing costs arose only at the switch from Latin graphemes back to Chinese characters, pointing to the involvement of Inhibitory Control. Further, these costs only appeared in a subset of grammatical categories, potentially coinciding with parsing uncertainties. As such, a combination of script-mixing and parsing complexities could be seen to result in processing costs in certain sentential positions.
Creating Team Leadership

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This work is a pilot program developed for St. Luke's United Methodist Church, a large church whose ministries and programs are organized in a four-part structure, each known as a commission. Leading a group of individuals who serve as ministry coordinators for the commission, known as the Discipleship Commission, into a team-based leadership model is an ongoing process which requires time and energy for establishing relationships built on trust. The program is designed to impact the church leadership, both lay and staff, throughout the remaining commissions. Theological reflection provides a foundation for this work. Transformational Leadership and Servant Leadership theories are explored and provide scholarly support for this leadership transition. The transition necessitates a strategic plan. In addition, the ministry context and denominational influences are addressed as they impact the leadership transition.
Eleutherococcus senticosus: Studies and effects*

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal sup-plements in the world. It is a plant widely used in folk and traditional medicines for cardiovascular, immune, nervous and endocrine systems, and according to the researchers, it has the ability to increase the non-specific resistance state, which characterizes it as an adaptogenic substance. There are different species of ginseng, such as the American, Chinese, Korean and Japanese ginseng; the Korean species (Panax ginseng) is being used for thousands of years as a tonic, prophylactic and “restorative ” agent, with power-
Determination of Ethyl Carbamate in Wines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective To establish a method for determination of ethyl carbamate in wines.Methods The samples were isolated and concentrated by florisil solid-phase extraction cartridges,followed by elution with ether.With the deuterated isotopes as internal standard,the determination was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring mode.Results The detection limit was 2.0 μg/L.The recoveries of ethyl carbamate ranged from 91.0% to 102.0%,with the RSD of 1.8%.The determination results of the wines in markets of Henan province showed that the concentrations for ethyl carbamate in 13 grape wines,25 liquors,12 yellow rice wines,and 5 cooking wines were in the range of 3.5-246.4 μg/kg,6.9-485.5 μg/kg,10.4-332.9 μg/kg,and 24.9-49.1 μg/kg,respectively.Conclusion The proposed method is characterized by simplicity,high sensitivity and accuracy,it is suitable for the determination of ethyl carbamate in grape wines,yellow rice wines,liquors and cooking wines.