jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the well-posedness of the Holm-Staley b-family of equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we consider the Holm-Staley b-family of equations in the Sobolev spaces H-s (R) for s > 3/2. Using a geometric approach we show that, for any value of the parameter b, the corresponding solution map, u(0) bar right arrow u(T), is nowhere locally uniformly continuous.
Ethics Within Reason: A Neo-Gewirthian Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 1 Gewirh's Argument for the Principle of Generic Consistency Chapter 2 Objections to Gewirth's Argument Chapter 3 Positive Rights and Community Chapter 4 A Reconstruction of Gewirth's Argument for the PGC Chapter 5 The Unity of the Right and the Good Chapter 6 Conflicts of Duties: Special Obligations Chapter 7 Justification, Motivation, and Compliance Chapter 8 The Conflict Between Self-Interest and Morality Chapter 9 The Ethical Foundations of Professional Practice:The Application of the PGC in Professional Ethics Chapter 10 The Neo-Stoicism of Gewirth's Rationalist Ethics
Influence of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Histone Acetylation and Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer cells increase nutrient uptake to support viability and proliferation. The influx of nutrients alters intermediary metabolite levels, and compelling evidence shows that metabolite availability impacts cell functions through altering chromatin modifications and downstream gene expression. One such metabolic intermediate is acetyl-CoA, as the concentration of acetyl-CoA is positively correlated with histone and non-histone protein acetylation. Histone acetylation is emerging as a nutrient-sensitive process, conferring gene expression changes in response to nutrient availability. In this thesis, we examined the impact of acetyl-CoA metabolism on the epigenome. We established that histone acetylation is sensitive to acetyl-CoA concentrations, which are dynamically regulated by glucose availability. This dynamic increase in histone acetylation induces the expression of cancer-promoting genes. We hypothesized that oncogene activation could lead to increased histone acetylation through reprogrammed metabolism. In two mouse models of cancer, histone acetylation increased upon oncogene activation. Additionally, histone acetylation was positively correlated with phosphorylated AKT in human prostate tumors and glioma. To test whether AKT regulates histone acetylation through metabolic changes, we utilized glioblastoma cell lines expressing constitutively active AKT and found that AKT promotes histone acetylation in nutrient-limited conditions. Mechanistically, this occurs partly through AKT-mediated phosphorylation of ACLY at serine 455, increasing ACLY activity. These studies reveal a novel role for AKT-driven metabolic changes on global histone acetylation in cancer cells. To better understand how concentrations of acetyl-CoA could lead to differential gene expression, we investigated a subset of acetyl-CoA regulated genes. Under conditions in which intracellular acetyl-CoA is abundant, glioma cells upregulate expression of adhesion and migration genes, increase transwell migration, adhere better to ECM, and are efficient in wound healing. Genetic deletion or biochemical inhibition of acetyl-CoA generating enzyme, ACLY, abrogates nutrient-dependent adhesion and migration. We postulated that specificity for regulation of migration related gene expression would be achieved through regulation of transcription factors. Using computational analysis of our acetyl-CoA gene set, NFAT1 was predicted as the top transcription factor in promoting these genes. Through fluorescent single cell analyses, we find that acetyl-CoA triggers calcium oscillations that allow for NFAT1 nuclear localization. These findings suggest that that acetyl-CoA availability is differentially regulated in cancer cells and contributes to malignant phenotypes.
Analysis of Concordance Between Parent Proxy and Child Self-report of KIDSCREEN-10 Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire in an Elementary School-based Wellness Program: A Pilot Focus Group Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Researchers have previously commenced examining the degree of concordance between parent proxy and child self-reports on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of many disease and impairment populations. Objects: To explore the differences between parent proxy and child self-reports on the HRQOL using Korean version of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires for applying to elementary school children and their parents who participated for a school-based wellness program. Methods: The focus groups were recruited for a school-based wellness program by implementing the following wellness services: 1) referring to a screening session for detecting potential posture-related musculoskeletal problems and 2) recommending home exercise programs. Before a primary field testing for the program, two focus groups were formed with a group of 9 parents and their 9 elementary school children aged 8–10 years of age. The parent proxy and child self-report versions of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were administered to both groups after completion of the wellness program. Item level Rasch rating scale analysis was applied to compute logit scales of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatterplot of item difficulty between two reports were analyzed. Results: For fit statistics of parent proxy report, all items except 4 items (i.e., psychological well-being, mood/emotions, self-perception, parent relation) were found to be acceptable. For fit statistics of child self-report, all items except 3 items (i.e., psychological well-being, autonomy and home life) were acceptable. The relationship between two reports using ICCs were ranging from weak to very strong at p = 0.05 (i.e, ICCs = 0.011 to 0.905). Scatterplot analysis between two reports showed a major disparity on self-perception item at 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Both item level analyses and ICC comparisons provided a disparity between parent proxy and child self-reports of the HRQOL on self-perception item after competing a school-based wellness program. Therapist should consider the item as part of the HRQOL assessment.
Anticancer Activity of Novel Gabexate Mesilate Mimetics in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Despite there being significant advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatments, recurrence and chemoresistance remain a challenge in the treatment of patients. During the process of autophagy, cancer cells acquire anoikis resistance and escape chemotherapy. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a key mediator of autophagy and can be exploited to develop effective targeted anticancer therapies. Gabexate mesilate (GM) used in the treatment of pancreatitis is both a synthetic inhibitor of HMGB1 and of metastasis. Structural analogues of GM hold promise to suppress HMGB1 functionality to arrest cancer growth, recurrence and resistance mechanisms. We synthesized structural GM mimetics (GMMs) and evaluated their anticancer activity. Considering the critical role of HMGB1 in the cell cycle, we analyzed cell cycle response to active GMMs in CRC cells in a Muse flow cell analyzer. Docking studies were further performed to predict the binding modes and affinity of active GMM for HMGB1. A total of thirteen GMMs were synthesized and their anticancer activity was evaluated on each of the SW480, HT29 and DLD1 CRC cell lines. Of the 13‐novel synthetic GMMs assessed, A1 , A2 , A3 and A6 were found to be the most active, with anticancer inhibitory concentrations (IC80) of 250–500μg/mL. Treatment with active GMM′s resulted in CRC cells being arrested mainly in preparatory phases of the cell cycle. Docking studies established that the active GMMs possessed specific binding affinity with the target, compared to the inactive GMM.
A Simple Procedure for the Isolation of Highly Purified Lysosomes from Normal Rat Liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A procedure for the isolation of highly purified lysosomes from normal rat liver is described. The method depends on the swelling of mitochondria when the postnuclear supernatant fraction is incubated with 1 mM Ca2+. The lysosomes can then be separated from the swollen mitochondria by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The lysosomal fraction obtained by our method was enriched more than 120-fold in terms of the marker enzymes with a yield of 25%. The electron microscopic examination and the measurement of the activities of marker enzymes for various subcellular organelles indicated that our lysosomal preparation was essentially free from contamination by other organelles.
First severe complication described after Longo hemorrhoidopexy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemorrhoidopexy Longo is a circular staple, used for mucosal hemorrhoidal prolapse, with less postoperative pain, hospital stay and complication rate compared to the classical hemorrhoidectomy (1).However, dehiscences with peritonitis have been described in 0.5% of cases (2), persistent proctalgy in 10% (3), as well as temporary incontinence, skin tags, anal fissures, rectal hematomas, and hemorrhoidal thrombosis (4).The recurrence rate is 5.1% (5).
Playing spaces in early women's drama

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the Abbess of Barking to Aphra Behn, women manipulated dramatic venues and settings to renegotiate their place in society. This is the first study to examine the playing spaces for early modern women’s drama and how women played with space in scripts and performances. Using selected texts from 1376 to 1705, Findlay shows how their drama operated in five key sites: homes, gardens, courts, convents and cities. Aristocratic houses, country estates and city streets are theatrically reconfigured as homes, empty shells and arenas of possibility. Courtly venues reveal queens as adept producers in the royal theatres ofpower, while convents and academies are playing spaces to explore the possibilities of female company. This book sketches theatre histories onto what is often a blank space, investigating the rich inter-textuality of spatial practices to provide a richer understanding of how early women’s drama works.
No Longer Independent

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Data from the Parent Health Supplement of the 1991 interview wave of the Panel Studies of Income Dynamics were used to examine the changes in care arrangements for elderly parents (N = 1,028). Following the onset of their dependency, more than 60% of elderly parents experienced at least one form of institutionalization (hospital or nursing home). A majority of those who remained in the community also experienced changes in living/care arrangements, often moving in with someone or having someone move in with them. The findings confirm those of previous studies that health-related need factors and race are significant determinants of institutionalization immediately following the onset of dependency. But availability of caregivers and other enabling factors are also significant determinants of care settings used following hospitalization.
Isomorphism in sport diplomacy: examining the nexus between international law, sportswashing and the contested role of mega events owners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses Isomorphism in sport diplomacy by examining the contested role of mega event owners. This paper offers a conceptual analysis and adds to the extant literature in three main areas, a) analysing the difficult nexus between the role of events owners in promoting SME competitions b) contributing to the emerging debate around the relationship of international law and sport diplomacy and c) it offers a novel contribution on key issues through the lens of institutional theory; specifically, isomorphism and mimetic isomorphism. We discuss the contested role of mega event owners in sportswashing by arguing that there is a lack of balance in the critical discourse around the illiberal state’s projection through sport. Secondly, illiberal nations will ignore their sportswashing and human rights abuses in favour of presenting more positive news stories related to hosting the Games. Therefore, by drawing on the nexus between international law and sportswashing, we opine that international law is non-binding in terms of human rights and allows sports organisations like FIFA and the IOC to award illiberal countries accused of human rights violations to host mega sports events. Finally, we draw from the concepts of isomorphism and mimetic isomorphism. For mimetic isomorphism, sports organisations like FIFA and IOC are increasingly resembling political institutions. Isomorphism in this context would be seen as forced conformity when politics muscle sports organisations. Therefore, we argue and contribute to a paradigm shift in how sports institutions are analysed, taking into consideration the analysis of the move from the theory of isomorphoism to institutional work.
RATIONALE-309: Updated progression-free survival (PFS), PFS after next line of treatment, and overall survival from a phase 3 double-blind trial of tislelizumab versus placebo, plus chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

384950 Background: Tislelizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4 anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). At the interim analysis (median follow-up, 10.0 months), RATIONALE-309 met its primary endpoint, as first-line tislelizumab + chemotherapy significantly improved PFS, as assessed by an independent review committee (IRC), in patients with recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (RM NPC) compared with placebo + chemotherapy. Tislelizumab + chemotherapy had an acceptable safety profile, comparable to placebo + chemotherapy (Yang Y, et al. ESMO-IO Virtual Congress, 2021. Oral presentation 121O). Here, we report an updated analysis of PFS, PFS after next line of treatment (PFS2), and overall survival (OS) with an extended median follow-up of 15.5 months. Methods: A total of 263 eligible patients with RM NPC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously (IV) or placebo on day 1, plus gemcitabine (1 g/m 2 IV day 1, day 8), plus cisplatin (80 mg/m 2 day 1) every 3 weeks for 4–6 cycles, followed by tislelizumab or placebo every 3 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. After IRC-confirmed disease progression, patients in the placebo arm could crossover to receive tislelizumab monotherapy. The primary endpoint was IRC-assessed PFS. Secondary endpoints included IRC-assessed objective response rate and duration of response, investigator-assessed PFS and PFS2, and OS. Biomarker analysis was an exploratory endpoint. Results: At an updated data cut-off (September 30, 2021), IRC-assessed PFS was consistent with the interim data analysis and demonstrated significant improvement for tislelizumab + chemotherapy versus placebo + chemotherapy (median PFS, 9.6 vs. 7.4 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37, 0.68). Median PFS2 and OS were not reached for the tislelizumab + chemotherapy arm and were 13.9 months and 23.0 months for the placebo + chemotherapy arm, respectively. The HRs were 0.38 (95% CI, 0.25, 0.58) for PFS2 and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.35, 1.01) for OS. The association of tumor microenvironment features by gene-expression analysis with clinical benefit will be presented. Conclusions: Tislelizumab + chemotherapy showed consistent, clinically meaningful improvement in PFS compared with placebo + chemotherapy in this updated analysis. Clinically meaningful improvements in PFS2 and OS were also observed for the tislelizumab + chemotherapy arm. This is the first report of PFS2 benefit for an anti–PD-1 mAb in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment setting of RM NPC. These results support the use of tislelizumab + chemotherapy as first-line therapy for RM NPC. Clinical trial information: NCT03924986.
The effect of the presheath on the ion angular distribution at the wafer surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge of the ion angular distribution at the wafer plane in an etching plasma is critical for the modeling of the etched profiles. Previously this distribution was thought to be mainly influenced by the magnitude of the sheath voltage and by the collisions which ions encountered in the sheath. This work shows that the acceleration and collisions which the ions experience in the presheath region are also important in determining the ion angular distribution and in shaping the final etching profile.
Anti-radical action of melatonin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the anti-radical effect of Melatonin( MT) . Method The level of MDA was studied in vitro and in vivo in order to investigated the anti-radical action of MT. Result In vitro, MT(1.0,10 mmol/L) significantly relieved the content of MDA of rats brain homogentes which were induced by hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radical. In vivo, MT(1.0,10 mg/kg,ip,12d) could inhibit the increasing content of MDA in mice brain induced by alloxan; MT( 1.0,10 mg/kg,sc,2w)also could relieve the level of MDA in 12-month old mice brain and liver. Conclusion It was suggested that MT could inhibit the oxidative damage of radical by anti- radical effect. It is considered that this effect of MT is likely to be one of its anti-aging mechanisms.
Demand: The Neglected Participant in the Long Run U.S. Productivity Record

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Emphasizing the empirical record, demand influences in U.S. post-World War II economic history are shown to have played a focal role in the standard production function. Public spending appears to have been a strategic component of demand influence on productivity over extended periods. Neither capital nor labor shortages appear in the longest post-war expansions. Neither hours worked nor changes in capital stock regularly vary directly with output.
Ritual Poeticity in the Qur'an: Family Resemblances, Features, Functions and Appraisals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The literary status and function of the Qur'an form the general point of departure for a specific investigation of its poetic status and function. Firstly, it is argued that the notions of family resemblance and prototypicality prove constructive in describing a particular blend of crucial Qur'anic textual features, which could be subsumed under the notion of ritual poeticity, i.e. language proto-typical to so-called ritual and poetic language. Secondly, the Qur'anic features are listed within the compass of comparative evidence. Thirdly, I reflect upon the function of Qur'anic ritual poeticity with the fourth and final intention of making a critical appraisal of some of its ‘virtues’, faḍā ↄ il, and evaluating its use of what some linguists have identified as ‘authoritarian’ rhetorical devices.
Everyone Loves Live Music: A Theory of Performance Institutions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The Social Study of Musical Performance Institutions -- Conceptualizing Musical Performance Culture Clubs in Everyday Urban Life -- The Social Study of Music in Cities -- The Commercial Institutionalization of Rock Clubs in New York -- How Did Institutionalization Evolve in Europe? : Music Festivals in the Summer Season -- A Worldview History of Music Festivals -- The Evolution of Anglophone Global Culture -- Three Industry Evolutions That Changed Festival Culture -- New Media, New Festival Worlds
Offline Imitation Learning with Variational Counterfactual Reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In offline imitation learning (IL), an agent aims to learn an optimal expert behavior policy without additional online environment interactions. However, in many real-world scenarios, such as robotics manipulation, the offline dataset is collected from suboptimal behaviors without rewards. Due to the scarce expert data, the agents usually suffer from simply memorizing poor trajectories and are vulnerable to variations in the environments, lacking the capability of generalizing to new environments. To automatically generate high-quality expert data and improve the generalization ability of the agent, we propose a framework named \underline{O}ffline \underline{I}mitation \underline{L}earning with \underline{C}ounterfactual data \underline{A}ugmentation (OILCA) by doing counterfactual inference. In particular, we leverage identifiable variational autoencoder to generate \textit{counterfactual} samples for expert data augmentation. We theoretically analyze the influence of the generated expert data and the improvement of generalization. Moreover, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms various baselines on both \textsc{DeepMind Control Suite} benchmark for in-distribution performance and \textsc{CausalWorld} benchmark for out-of-distribution generalization. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/ZexuSun/OILCA-NeurIPS23}.
Data Center Management Plan in Cloud Computing Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing environment is a new IT service model to support large-scale computing resources of virtualization, on-demand computing, dynamic deployment and flexible scalability. Cloud computing architecture has fore levels. First level is SaaS (Software as Service). The following layer is PaaS (Platform as a service). The third layer is IaaS (Infrastructure as a service). The bottom layer is IT infrastructure (IT Foundation). Cloud computing has dynamic, flexible, elastic, on-demand computing features. It makes particularly suitable for complex and volatile economic environment.
Antigen-Specific Germinal Center Tfh cells are highly heterogenous in lymph nodes and Tfh1/Tfh17 cells are associated with viral load levels during chronic SHIV infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract HIV infection leads to alterations in HIV-specific CD4 T cells including increased expression of inhibitory receptors and skewing toward Tfh cell signature. Tfh cells have been shown to increase during chronic HIV infection. However, the heterogeneous nature of antigen-specific GC-Tfh cells and the relative contribution of specific GC-Tfh subset to viral persistence is not understood in HIV/SIV infection. Here, we characterized the phenotype and function of antigen-specific GC-Tfh cells based on the expression of chemokine receptors, Th1 (CXCR3), Th2 (CCR4), and Th17 (CCR6) along with activation-induced markers (AIM assay) CD25, OX40 and 41BB in the lymph nodes following chronic SHIV1157ipd3N4 infection in rhesus macaques. In SHIV naïve RM, only a small fraction of total GC-Tfh expressed CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6. During chronic SHIV infection, there was an increase in GC-Tfh cells. Interestingly the majority of antigen-specific GC-Tfh cells expressed CXCR3 (Tfh1), while a significant proportion of them also expressed CCR4+ (Tfh2) and CCR6+ (Tfh17) cells. These cells expressed OX40, 41BB, and CD25 at higher levels than non-Tfh cells. Importantly, the expansion of GC-Tfh1 and GC-Tfh-17 cells is associated with high viremia. These data demonstrate that chronic SHIV infection promotes the expansion of antigen-specific GC-Tfh cells with heterogeneous populations, which are distinct from conventional GC-Tfh, and associated with higher viral RNA levels during chronic SHIV infection.