jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plant Population and Fertilizer Doses on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Summer Groundnut

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri (MS) on the lateritic soil during Rabi 2013-14 to 2015-16 to study effect of plant population and fertilizer doses on growth and yield of summer groundnut. The treatment comprises four main plot treatments of planting geometry and three sub-plot treatments of levels of fertilizer replicated three times in split plot design. Groundnut cultivar, TKG Bold sown with planting geometry 20 X 10 cm (plant population @ 5 lakhs ha-1) with application of 125% RDF level noticed significantly highest pod, kernel and haulm yield of groundnut, which was followed by planting geometry 25 X 10 cm (plant population @ 4.0 lakhs ha-1), 30 X 10 cm (plant population @ 3.33 lakhs ha-1) and 30 X 15 cm (plant population @ 2.22 lakhs ha-1) with same fertilizer level i.e.125% RDF. The groundnut cultivar, TKG Bold sown with planting geometry 30 x15 cm (Plant Population of 2.22 lakhs ha-1) and fertilized with 125% RDF level (P1F3) recoded significantly highest number of pods plant-1 and pod weight plant-1 over rest of treatment combinations. However, the highest benefit to cost ratio was observed in planting geometry 30 X 15 cm with 125% RDF level (P1F3).
Patterned organic LEDs for interfacing neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) offer unique properties such as large-area emission, compatibility with flexible substrates, tuning of emitted spectrum, and structuring into high-density arrays. This makes OLEDs attractive for biomedical applications like on-chip sensing or wearable health monitoring and, more recently, also to control the activity of neurons through a method called optogenetics. So far, most light sources used in optogenetics provide limited spatial resolution. In this contribution, we present micropatterned OLEDs that are capable of precisely controlling neuronal activity in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) larvae. The OLEDs provide highly confined light stimuli to individual abdominal segments, which allows precise activation and inhibition of sensory input in larvae. Our work demonstrates the advantages of OLED technology for neuroscience and provides prospects for future integration of OLEDs in implants.
Optimal Feedback Control of a Bioreactor with a Remote Sensor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sensors used to monitor bioreactor conditions directly often perform poorly in the face of adverse nonphysiological conditions. One way to circumvent this is to use a remote sensor block. However such a configuration usually causes a significant time lag between measurements and the actual state values. In this work the problem of implementing feedback control strategies for such systems described by nonlinear equations is addressed. The problem is posed as an optimal control problem with a linear quadratic performance index. The linear control law so obtained is used to implement feedback. A global linearization technique as well as an expansion using Taylor series is used to effectively linearize the nonlinear system and the feedback is subsequently implemented.
Modulation of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Organ Transplantation with Therapeutic Small Interfering RNAs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Organ transplantation is the only cure for end-stage disease, yet many patients die while waiting for a transplant due to a perpetual shortage of donor organs. Insufficient donor supply is further diminished by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during procurement and preservation of organs, driving primary graft dysfunction and resulting in significant patient morbidity and mortality. Mitigating IRI is critically needed to increase the number of viable donor organs and improve patient survival. Temporarily reducing, not eradicating, organ expression levels of IRI mediators during the transplant period may provide an opportunity for therapeutic modulation of pathogenic gene expression and subsequently, promote organ rehabilitation to enable suitability for transplant. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a revolutionary new class of medicine that enable potent, temporary, yet durable modulation of gene expression by leveraging the endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to degrade mRNA, rendering downstream protein translation ineffective. The use of chemically-stabilized siRNAs in organ transplantation is ideal due to their robust duration of effect, where a single systemic injection supports 6-12 months of efficacy, overlapping with the critical period of primary graft dysfunction and acute organ rejection. Here, we leverage siRNA-based technologies to prophylactically intervene during the transplantation process to rehabilitate and optimize organs for transplantation. First, we establish normothermic ex vivo machine perfusion as a feasible and robust platform for functional delivery of lipophilic docosanoic acid conjugated (DCA)-siRNA targeting the master inflammatory regulator, JAK1, in rat, pig, and discarded human heart models whereby we efficiently transduce all major cardiac cell types. We translated these results to a porcine orthotopic heart transplant model, demonstrating successful transplantation of the siRNA-treated organs during ex vivo machine perfusion and confirm lack of recipient secondary organ exposure. Next, we validated the platform of ex vivo lung perfusion for robust and widespread delivery of DCA-conjugated siRNA in a porcine model. Finally, we investigated the impact of silencing known IRI mediators pre-transplant in a rat donor pre-treatment model using hepatocyte-specific GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs. We identified lead siRNAs targeting mediators of IRI cell death and inflammation, Fas and Hmgb1, and employed lead candidates in a model of rat liver IRI, validating that therapeutic silencing of these targets modulates liver expression post-ischemia and drives improvement in liver function post-injury. These studies support the application of targeted and programmable therapies using siRNA technologies in solid organ transplantation, enabling organ-specific treatment for rehabilitation and recovery, and establishes an RNAi platform for translational and clinical transplant applications.
Computer Simulation of an Unsprung Vehicle, Part II

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DIAN (Digital ANalog), a programming system developed by Farris (4), was used for solving the equations in the model. DIAN allows a digital computer to be programmed using analog computer programming techniques. The DIAN program deck is fed into the digital computer to instruct it to simulate an analog computer. Problem "patching" is simulated by means of a coded data deck. One IBM card represents each component of the simulated analog computer. A complete description of DIAN cannot be given here. Readers interested in using the system are referred to a programming guide by Farris and Burkhart (5). Since DIAN solves equations incrementally, the equations must be written in slightly different form than for programming on an analog computer. This is because of the particular incremental form of the inputs and outputs to the DIAN components illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8.
Ultrasonic Perfluorohexane‐Loaded Monocyte Imaging: Toward a Minimally Invasive Technique for Selective Detection of Liver Inflammation in Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate the utility of ultrasonic (US) perfluorohexane (PFH)‐loaded monocyte imaging for detection of liver inflammation in fatty liver disease. Methods C57Bl6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with tumor necrosis factor α and assessed by US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging 3 hours later. Echogenic monocytes were injected intravenously, leading to a transient increase in liver tissue intensity on a US perfusion scan. The contrast wash‐out time constant was hypothesized to reflect the degree of inflammation. Next, we evaluated US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging in Ldlr −/− mice fed a 1‐week high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet as model for early developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adjunct analyses included tissue markers of liver inflammation. Results Tumor necrosis factor α–injected mice showed a reduced wash‐out time constant (mean ± SEM, 0.013 ± 0.003; n = 8) compared to controls (0.054 ± 0.009; n = 7; P = .0006), indicative of increased inflammatory adhesion molecule expression on the endothelium. The Ldlr −/− mice fed the high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet showed liver inflammation, as reflected by increased (3‐ to 4‐fold) infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased (3‐ to 4‐fold) gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α, integrin αM, intracellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule. However, in these mice, no difference was detected in the wash‐out time constant as assessed by US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging (high‐fat/high‐cholesterol, 0.050 ± 0.017; n = 5; chow, 0.048 ± 0.006; n = 6; P = .91). Conclusions Our results indicate that US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging is able to detect vascularly expressed inflammatory adhesion molecules in the mouse liver on direct endothelial stimulation. However, in our mouse model of early developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, we did not detect inflammation by this method, which may suggest that the time‐dependent relationship between parenchymal and endothelial inflammation remains a fundamental issue to be addressed.
Agronomic evaluation of a homogenous nitrogen-phosphorus-sulphur fertilizer in southern Manitoba

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field studies and a growth chamber study were conducted to evaluate the effect of a homogeneous nitrogen-phosphorus-sulphur (NPS) fertilizer on the emergence and crop utilization of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). In the field study, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. AC Barrie) and spring canola (Brassica napus L. cv. DKL 34-55) were grown in southern Manitoba and fertilized with NPS, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) + ammonium sulphate (AS), MAP + elemental S-bentonite (So), MAP only and a control (no P or S); and S was applied at 0,5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1. Wheat and canola emergence was not affected by any of the seed-placed P and S fertilizer sources or S rates used in the study. The NPS and other P fertilizer sources increased dry matter yield 6 - 10% in wheat at midseason but not at maturity; canola yields were not increased by P and S fertilization at any stage. At midseason, all of the phosphate fertilizers increased P uptake by 8 - 13% in wheat and 23 - 45% in canola, while NPS and MAP + AS increased S uptake by wheat 7 - 9 %. At maturity, all of the P fertilizers increased total P uptake by 9 - 12% in wheat but not in canola, and all responses to S fertilization had disappeared. To determine the availability of P, SO4 and So in NPS fertilizer, two S-deficient soils were used for a growth chamber study. Spring canola was fertilized with NPS, MAP + AS, MAP + So, MAP only, AS only and a control (no P or S). At 45 days after emergence, the canola was harvested and dry matter yield, P and S uptake were measured. After this harvest, the soils were incubated to simulate potential So oxidation conditions between cropping seasons in Manitoba. The pots were then replanted to a second crop of canola to measure residual P and S supplied by NPS fertilizer. In the first canola crop, dry matter yield and apparent P fertilizer use efficiency of NPS fertilizer was 75% and 81% of that for MAP + AS respectively. The apparent S fertilizer use efficiency for NPS was 35% of that for MAP + AS. When the second crop was grown without P and S fertilization, dry matter and residual P and S uptake were highest for the NPS treatment; however, the cumulative dry matter yield (crop 1 + 2) produced with NPS fertilizer was 83% of that for MAP + AS. The apparent P fertilization efficiencies for MAP + AS and NPS fertilizers were 54 - 56% over the two cropping periods. However, the apparent S fertilizer use efficiency of NPS fertilizer was approximately 50% lower than MAP + AS. Overall, the studies indicated that NPS fertilizer was not detrimental to wheat and canola emergence at the rates used in the study; the availability of P from NPS fertilizer appeared to be at least equivalent to MAP; and that only the SO4-S portion of NPS fertilizer appeared to be available to crops, with no measurable amount of oxidation of the So-S portion.
Antibodies to Malaria Vaccine Candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 Completely Block the Ability ofPlasmodium vivaxTo Infect Mosquitoes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Transmission-blocking vaccines are one strategy for controlling malaria, whereby sexual-stage parasites are inhibited from infecting mosquitoes by human antibodies. To evaluate whether the recently cloned Plasmodium vivax proteins Pvs25 and Pvs28 are candidates for a transmission-blocking vaccine, the molecules were expressed in yeast as secreted recombinant proteins. Mice vaccinated with these proteins adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide developed strong antibody responses against the immunogens, although for Pvs28, this response was genetically restricted. Antisera against both recombinant Pvs25 and Pvs28 recognized the corresponding molecules expressed by cultured sexual-stage parasites isolated from patients with P. vivax malaria. The development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes was completely inhibited when these antisera were ingested with the infected blood meal. Pvs25 and Pvs28, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , are as yet the only fully characterized transmission-blocking vaccine candidates against P. vivax that induce such a potent antiparasite response.
De-noising Method for Motor Control System via Wavelet Shrinkage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper applies the technology of wavelet transforming to weaken the noise effect in motor control system and decomposes the high frequency noise component by transforming. After eliminating the high frequency component by threshold quantizing of the wavelet shrinkage, signals can be reconstructed for the de-noising aim. According to experiments, it can be concluded that the treatment combining SYM12 with the soft threshold has the optimized signal reconstruction and de-noising results.
Lateral pharyngeal diverticulum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 43-year-old man presented with halitosis and the sensation of a foreign body in the right throat for 10 years. He complained that the symptoms worsened after meals and disappeared occasionally on rubbing his right neck with his fingers. He had no history of trauma or surgery on the neck. On flexible laryngeal fiberscopic examination, a pharyngeal pouch filled with food material was observed in the right anterolateral pharyngeal wall above the pyriform sinus (Fig 1). Barium esophagography demonstrated a lateral pharyngeal diverticulum with pooling of contrast material (Fig 2). The pharyngeal diverticulum was approximately 2 cm wide, with a narrow isthmus. The patient underwent endoscopic diverticulotomy, which removed the inferior wall of the diverticular opening. The patient's symptoms disappeared after the procedure, and he is well without discomfort. This case was approved for publication by the Institutional Review Board of the Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine. A lateral pharyngeal diverticulum is an outpouching of the pharyngeal wall through the lateral aspect of thyrohyoid membrane between the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, whereas Zenker's diverticulum originates on the posterior wall between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeus muscles.1,2 Patients usually complain of foreign body sensation, dysphagia, odynophagia, and regurgitation of undigested food.3 A lateral pharyngeal diverticulum is a very rare disease entity and can be confirmed with endoscopy and barium esophagography.1 It can be managed via an endoscopic approach or external surgical excision in a symptomatic patient. Endoscopic diverticulotomy, which is the division of the common wall of mucosa between the diverticulum and pharynx, can be performed to create a common pouch and to relieve the area of functional stenosis using the stapler or the harmonic scalpel.4,5 In our case, the patient was treated endoscopically using the harmonic scalpel without complications. A pharyngeal pouch (black hollow arrow) can be observed in the right anterolateral pharyngeal wall above the pyriform sinus (white hollow arrow). Barium esophagography demonstrated a lateral pharyngeal diverticulum with pooling of contrast material (black arrow).
Enhanced photoactivity effect of Ag metal loading on Zr4+ doped N-TiO2 obtained by microwave assisted method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein, we report the fabrication of Ag metal loading on Zr-doped-N-TiO2 (AgZrT) nanocomposites (NCs) via microwave-assisted impregnation reduction method. The main objective of the work is to study the effect of Ag loading on structural, chemical and photoactivity of Zr-doped-N-TiO2(ZrT). The obtained NCs were characterized using XRD, HRTEM, EDS, XPS etc. Obtained AgZrT NCs showed the existence of metastable anatase phase with an average crystallite size of about 10 nm supported by HRTEM. The presence of Ti, Zr and Ag is confirmed by EDS while the metallic state of Ag and oxidation state of Ti and Zr (+4) is confirmed by using XPS. The Ag loading effect on photoactivity of ZrT NPs was studied under UV and direct sunlight using model dye Methyl Orange (MO). The positive impact of Ag metal loading is supported by the enhanced photoactivity of ZrT. The degradation kinetics for MO and its plausible mechanism under sunlight is proposed.
Simplified Still Head with Automatic Control of Reflux Ratio

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplified Still Head with Automatic Control of Reflux RatioRichard. KieselbachCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 10, 815Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60010a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60010a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Angiotensin-(1-7) in the Modulation of the Baroreflex in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the effect produced by lateral ventricle (intracerebroventricular, ICV) infusion of the selective angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) antagonist, d -Ala 7 -Ang-(1-7) (A-779), in the modulation of the baroreflex control of heart rate in two-kidney, one clip renovascular hypertensive rats (2K1C) treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril. Twenty days after the surgery to produce renovascular hypertension, ICV cannulas were implanted in the rats with blood pressure (BP) greater than 145 mm Hg (n=33) and in sham-operated rats (n=32). Five days later, the rats were treated with enalapril (10 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ; 6 days, in the drinking water) or vehicle (tap water). On the sixth day of treatment, direct continuous BP recording and measurement of reflex changes in heart rate elicited by phenylephrine were made in conscious rats before and at 1 hour of ICV infusion of saline (8 μL/h) or A-779 (4 μg/h). To evaluate the degree of ACE blockade produced by enalapril treatment, the pressor effect of Ang I (50 ng, IV, and 100 ng, ICV) and plasma ACE activity was determined. As expected, enalapril treatment in 2K1C produced a significant fall in BP, significant attenuation in the pressor response of Ang I (IV), and a reduction in plasma ACE activity. In addition, enalapril treatment increased the baroreflex sensitivity (0.76±0.04 versus 0.43±0.04 ms/mm Hg in 2K1C untreated rats). ICV infusion of A-779 reverted the improvement in baroreflex sensitivity produced by enalapril treatment in 2K1C (from 0.80±0.07 to 0.42±0.08 ms/mm Hg) and also attenuated the baroreflex sensitivity in untreated 2K1C (0.36±0.05 versus 0.48±0.06 ms/mm Hg) and untreated sham-operated rats (1.21±0.05 versus 0.78±0.17 ms/mm Hg). These results suggest that central endogenous Ang-(1-7) is involved at least in part in the improvement of baroreflex sensitivity observed in 2K1C after peripheral chronic ACE inhibition.
Farmers’ Willingness to Grow Sweet Sorghum as a Cellulosic Bioenergy Crop: A Stated Choice Approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biofuel production must increase to 36 billion gallons by the year 2022, according to government mandates. The majority of this fuel must be produced from “advanced” or second-generation biofuel feedstocks after 2015. Advanced biofuel feedstocks include annual crops such as sweet sorghum. Kansas farmers are poised to be major producers of sweet sorghum for biofuels. A stated choice survey was administered to Kansas farmers to assess their willingness to grow sweet sorghum for biofuels under various contracting scenarios. Results show that farmers are willing to grow biomass for bioenergy under contract and that insurance availability plays an important role in their decision.