jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shining a Light on Venom-Peptide Receptors: Venom Peptides as Targeted Agents for In Vivo Molecular Imaging

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Molecular imaging has revolutionised the field of biomedical research by providing a non-invasive means to visualise and understand biochemical processes within living organisms. Optical fluorescent imaging in particular allows researchers to gain valuable insights into the dynamic behaviour of a target of interest in real time. Ion channels play a fundamental role in cellular signalling, and they are implicated in diverse pathological conditions, making them an attractive target in the field of molecular imaging. Many venom peptides exhibit exquisite selectivity and potency towards ion channels, rendering them ideal agents for molecular imaging applications. In this review, we illustrate the use of fluorescently-labelled venom peptides for disease diagnostics and intraoperative imaging of brain tumours and peripheral nerves. Finally, we address challenges for the development and clinical translation of venom peptides as nerve-targeted imaging agents.
Pediatric Ophthalmology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A wide variety of pediatric ophthalmologic diseases may present to the emergency physician. It is important for emergency physicians to know which diseases can be treated and which require urgent ophthalmologic intervention. Any asymmetry in a patient's ophthalmologic examination must be referred to a specialist for continuing care and definitive treatment. When identified early, strabismus, esotropia, or exotropia can be treated with significant benefit to the child's vision in the future. Abnormalities in size, shape, or color of the anterior portions of the eye are easily detected with inspection and may be indications of more serious illnesses such as conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataracts, or tumors. These entities can be recognized by their distinguishing characteristics, and treatment can be initiated. Chlamydial and herpetic conjunctivitis, orbital cellulitis, posterior uveitis, and glaucoma are a few of the more urgent problems that may present to the emergency physician and should not be missed. A good history and careful examination will prevent the devastating effects of these diseases.
Meg Jacobs. Panic at the Pump: The Energy Crisis and the Transformation of American Politics in the 1970s .

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Early on in her wonderfully insightful Panic at the Pump: The Energy Crisis and the Transformation of American Politics in the 1970s, while discussing growing environmentalist concerns about the multipronged costs of the U.S. dependence on fossil fuels, Meg Jacobs quotes ecologist Barry Commoner’s adage “Everything is connected to everything else” (25). Beyond its applicability in that specific context, the idea of interconnectedness serves as an overarching theme for the entirety of Jacobs’s study. Making excellent use of a plethora of published and unpublished sources, Jacobs deftly draws together the manifold strands that made up the U.S. response to the oil shocks that began with the Arab oil embargo of 1973 and continued for the rest of the decade, assessing the internal debates over how the nation should respond to the unprecedented energy crisis—gas lines that stretched for miles, violent truckers’ strikes, and widespread shortages—against a multitude of public and private pressures. Perhaps more important than laying bare the complicated history of the energy crisis itself, however, Jacobs convincingly demonstrates its long-term consequences, most notably the way it pushed American politics to the right by replacing big-government New Dealism with small-government Reaganomics and inspired a new foreign policy course marked by a generally expanded national presence abroad and specifically new adventurism in the Persian Gulf.
Inferior vena cava obstruction secondary to hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hepatic echinococcosis is a global zoonotic disease that typically manifests through direct invasion of the bile ducts and vascular structures of the liver, subsequently spreading to adjacent organs and tissues. Inferior vena cava syndrome resulting from compression of the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava by hepatic echinococcosis is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of a 53-year-old man presented with inferior vena cava obstruction and portal hypertension secondary to hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. The patient’s lesion was primarily located in segments S6/7 of the liver, with metastasis and invasion affecting the right kidney, thoracic 11-lumbar 1 vertebral bodies, and inferior vena cava. Radical surgery was not an option due to severe portal hypertension and deteriorating liver function, posing a significant threat to the patient’s life. Consequently, interventional treatments, including intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and hepatic venoplasty, were performed to reduce portal vein pressure, alleviate portal hypertension and inferior vena cava stenosis. Interventional treatments significantly could improve liver function, thereby facilitating future treatment options. Post-intervention follow-up revealed no recurrence of symptoms associated with inferior vena cava syndrome. However, the patient developed uremia due to renal involvement and was managed with dialysis. This article reported on the treatment process, and summarized treatment options for similar patients, providing valuable suggestions and references for clinical diagnosis and management of comparable cases in the future.
Calcium-sensing receptor AcCaS regulates chloroplast immunity in kiwifruit by competitively binding with Ca2+ or the Psa effector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Activating chloroplast immunity to enhance host resistance offers a novel and sustainable approach for the effective control of kiwifruit bacterial canker. Chloroplasts serve as a central hub for ROS, SA, and Ca2+ signaling. As a chloroplast-localized protein, CaS participates in Ca2+-signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms underlying CaS-mediated immune regulation and whether to be attacked by pathogens remain unclear. Here, we created AcCaS-overexpressing transgenic plants, then we found that AcCaS activates chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts and enhances resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Mutational analysis revealed that the chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) of AcCaS is essential for its immune function, and deletion of cTP abolished ROS production and disease resistance. Yeast two-hybrid reveals that Psa employs the effector HopAU1 targets AcCaS in kiwifruit. Luciferase complementation imaging, and microscale thermophoresis assays identified Asn-121 of AcCaS as the critical residue mediating both HopAU1 binding and Ca2+ sensing. Strikingly, molecular modeling and competitive binding experiments showed that HopAU1 directly occupies the Ca2+-binding site at Asn-121, thereby blocking calcium signaling and suppressing chloroplast immunity. In summary, this study uncovers that AcCaS enhances resistance against Psa by activating chloroplast ROS and binding with Ca2+. The Asn-121 residue plays a pivotal role in Ca2+-binding and HopAU1-mediated immune suppression, as mutations at this site abolish both activities. These findings revealed the battle of chloroplast Ca2 signaling in plant–pathogen conflicts and provide a mechanistic basis for engineering AcCaS-centered resistance in kiwifruit.
Variations in status of preparation of personal protective equipment for preventing norovirus gastroenteritis in long‐term care facilities for the elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Rationale, aim, and objectives Residents of long‐term care facilities are highly susceptible to norovirus gastroenteritis, and each facility is concerned about the need to implement norovirus infection control. Among control measures, personal protective equipment (PPE), such as disposable gloves and masks, plays a major role in reducing infectious spread. However, the preparation status of PPE in facilities before infection outbreaks has not been reported. The aim was to clarify the implementation status of preventive measures for norovirus gastroenteritis and the cost of preparing the necessary PPE in long‐term care facilities. Method A questionnaire survey of facilities affiliated with the Kyoto Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture branches of the Japan Association of Geriatric Health Services Facilities was conducted. The survey items were the characteristics of the facility, whether preventive measures had been implemented for norovirus gastroenteritis from October through the following March in both 2009 and 2010, and the quantities and unit prices of PPE prepared for preventive measures. Results Twenty‐six (11.2%) of 232 surveyed facilities (as of August 2011) answered the survey. Among them, 24 (92.3%) in 2009 and 25 (96.2%) in 2010 reported having implemented preventive measures for norovirus gastroenteritis, while 21 facilities (80.8%) in 2009 and 22 facilities (84.6%) in 2010 had prepared PPE. The median total cost for preparing the PPE needed for the preventive measures was US $2601 (range US $221‐9192) in 2009 and US $3904 (range US $305‐6427) in 2010. Conclusion Although the results need careful interpretation because of the low response rate, most of the surveyed long‐term care facilities had implemented preventive measures for norovirus gastroenteritis. However, the cost of preparing the PPE needed for the preventive measures varied among the facilities.
Equivariant Holomorphic Hermitian Vector Bundles over a Projective Space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim here is to describe all isomorphism classes of SU(n+1)-equivariant Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles on the complex projective space CPn. If G⊂SU(n+1) is the isotropy subgroup of a chosen point x0∈CPn, and ρ:G⟶GL(V) is a unitary representation, we obtain SU(n+1)-equivariant holomorphic Hermitian vector bundles on CPn. Next, given any v∈End(Vρ)⊗(Tz00,1CPn)∗ satisfying certain conditions, a new structure of an SU(n+1)-equivariant holomorphic Hermitian vector bundle on this underlying C∞ holomorphic Hermitian bundle is obtained. It is shown that all SU(n+1)-equivariant holomorphic Hermitian vector bundles on CPn arise this way.
Isolation and purification of osteoinduction protein in reconstituted bone xenograft

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AIM As a new kind of bone graft material, reconstituted bone xenograft have gained much success in the repair of bone defect and bone nonunion. To study relative molecular mass of osteoinduction protein in reconstituted bone xenograft. METHODS Using heparin sepharose Cl 6B chromatography, the osteoinduction protein in reconstituted bone xenograft (bone morphogenetic protein, BMP) was purified and fractions obtained from purification were bioassayed for bone induction activity by implantation into the thigh muscles of mouse. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), the molecular mass of purified protein could be known. RESULTS Osteoinduction protein in RBX was purified for 20 fold and gained protein 8.23 mg, and in vivo by the end of 10th day, much more chondrocytes and cartilage matrix form and trabeculae can also been seen. From SDS PAGE, highly purified protein is homodiner protein with relative molecular mass of 35×10 3, and 22 ×10 3 on reduction. CONCLUSION The 35×10 3 protein in reconstituted bone xenograft was 22×10 3 on reduction, and it had bone inductive activity alone. The definition of osteoinduction protein in RBX can provide a theory foundation of clinical application of RBX.
A monoclonal antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin modifies neuroblastoma cell neuritogenesis in vitro: a possible role for autoimmunity in the neuropathy of Lyme disease

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Although Borrelia burgdorferi is found at the site of many manifestations of Lyme disease, local infection may not explain all features of the disease. Previous work has demonstrated that the organism's flagellin cross-reacts with a component of human peripheral nerve axon, heat shock protein 60. The cross-reacting epitope is identified by a single anti-B. burgdorferi flagellin monoclonal antibody, H9724. We now report that the spontaneous and peptide growth factor-stimulated in vitro neuritogenesis of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells and other neural tumor cell lines is suppressed by H9724. In contrast, changes induced by exposure of these cells to optimal and suboptimal concentrations of cyclic AMP, phorbol ester, or retinoic acid are not affected by H9724. H9724 does not decrease cell viability or the ability of the cells to anchor to the culture plate or extracellular matrix and does not block nerve growth factor binding to the cells. These findings are compatible with the premise that antiaxonal antibodies formed during the immune response to B. burgdorferi flagellin might modify axonal function in vivo and play a role in the pathogenesis of neurologic features of Lyme disease. A humoral immune response predicated on molecular mimicry could explain persistent or ongoing neurologic dysfunction occurring after elimination of the organism by appropriate antibiotic therapy.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Youxian duck

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Youxian duck is one of the famous native breed in China. In this work we reported the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Youxian duck in Human Province for the first time. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,606 bp, with the base composition of 29.21% for A, 22.18% for T, 32.83% for C, 15.78% for G, in the order C > A > T > G feature occurring in the Youxian duck. It is made up of two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one non-coding control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Youxian duck will be useful for the phylogenetics of poultry, and be available as basic data for the genetics and breeding.
Adaptation of a Scientific Decision Support System to the Productive Sector—A Case Study: MOPECO Irrigation Scheduling Model for Annual Crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite the great number of models developed in research projects, only a small percentage have been successfully transferred to the productive sector. The PRIMA programme supported by Horizon 2020, the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, aims to reverse this situation. The SUPROMED project funded by PRIMA sought to develop an online platform composed of several models adapted to the requirements of end users for increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of Mediterranean agricultural systems. MOPECO, in its research version, was designed to maximize the profitability of irrigated farms in water-scarce regions. A simplified version of this model (MOPECO irrigation scheduling) was included in the SUPROMED platform for improving irrigation efficiency, providing farmers with a useful irrigation scheduling software. This paper shows the approach to adapt and transfer MOPECO to the productive sector. The tool was validated in three different demosite areas across the Mediterranean, involving local stakeholders in the design, validation, and dissemination of the software. The simplified tool reached similar or higher yields than farmers using less water. Thus, the average water saved was around 16%, while the average yield increased around 10% in the plots located in the three demosites of the project (Eastern Mancha in Spain, Bekaa valley in Lebanon, and Sidi Bouzid in Tunisia). This fact decreased the water footprint and increased the profitability of farms. The high applicability of the tool has generated interest among many technicians, farmers, and advisory enterprises. Furthermore, regional and national governmental extension services have shown interest in spreading the use of the tool across their territories, validating the methodology used for adapting and transferring a scientific model to the productive sector.
Clinical Connections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MiR-34a-5p expression is aberrantly increased in the knee joint of late-stage knee OA patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery, especially in the obese subgroup.• Intraarticular injection of miR-34a-5p mimic in mice promotes cartilage destruction and synovial pathology in vivo.• Targeting miR-34a-5p intraarticularly using ASO technology or genetic ablation of miR-34a imparts substantial cartilage protection from surgery-induced OA in mice.
Script Translation System For Devnagari To English

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a Machine Translation system for Devnagarito English language translation. Proposed system is able to translate more than one Devnagari sentences to English using rule base approach. The system accepts Marathi language which is derived from Devnagari and translates it to English language. This is done by identifying the parts of speech in Marathi sentence, tokenization and identifying English meaning of each word in bilingual dictionary and get a direct translation. Thesedirect translated words are linked by the English grammar rules to have meaningful translation in English.
Inside Back Cover: Outstanding Multi‐Photon Absorption at π‐Delocalizable Metallodendrimers (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10/2022)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Multi-photon absorption (MPA) is needed for certain applications requiring tight spatial control and long wavelength excitation, but few examples of molecules exhibiting higher-order MPA exist. In their Communication (e202116181), Mark G. Humphrey and co-workers report that metallodendrimers can exhibit outstanding three- to six-photon absorption with fs-pulsed light, and they disclose the key role of metal-to-oligo(phenyleneethynylene) charge transfer in MPA activity.
Performance evaluation and sustainability challenges of tropically adopted exotic chicken breeds in Northwest Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to describe performance and challenges of village-based exotic chicken production in Northwest Ethiopia. Three zones, 13 districts, and 300 households were selected. The data were collected via semi-structured questionnaires, field observations, and key informant interviews. In the study area, the average exotic chicken holding per household was 4.27 ± 0.13 birds. The most dominant flocks were hens followed by pullets with high significant difference (P < 0.01) in the midland agro ecology. The annual number of egg production of Sasso, Bovans brown, and Koekoek was 110.99 ± 1.45, 123.29 ± 1.16, and 102.92 ± 1.22, respectively. The average age of pullets at first egg laying was 5.25 ± 0.03 (Sasso), 5.53 ± 0.02 (Bovans brown), and 5.71 ± 0.03 (Koekoek) months. The age of cockerels (mean ± SE) at first mating was 4.18 ± 0.06 (Sasso), 4.89 ± 0.06 (Bovans brown), and 5.15 ± 0.06 (Koekoek) months. Male age (mean ± SE) at slaughter of Sasso, Bovans brown, and Koekoek were 4.24 ± 0.06, 6.28 ± 0.05, and 5.68 ± 0.06 months, respectively. The lack of improved breed supply was the first production challenge followed by feed shortages and disease outbreaks. Therefore, designing exotic chicken market supply, practicing ration formulation with locally available feed resources, controlling disease, and predator with biosecurity measures and other proper management strategies in respective of agro ecologies could be mandatory.
Methodology and mechanism study on high aspect ratio (HAR) contact bottom image in scanning electron microscopy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Contact patterns that have high aspect ratio (HAR) are inevitable as the design rule has been shrunk in semi-conductor fabrication processes. HAR contacts have serious troubles to monitor the Critical Dimension (CD) of the contact bottom images with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Because we can not see the bottom images anymore with general methods as the contact is getting deep. We must be able to extract secondary electrons from the contact bottom to monitor the bottom images in the contact patterns. One possible solution that we may suggest is using positive charges on the wafer surface as a driving force for secondary electrons from the contact bottom. If the positive charges are generated on the wafer surface, an electric field will be created between the contact bottom and the wafer surface. The electric field will drive the secondary electrons from the contact bottom to the wafer surface, which makes the contact bottom images. High surface voltage can be acquired when the electron energy and the magnification in pre-charge are smaller, but it requires longer charging time. High probe current can help the charging time in this case, though it may cause some damages on the wafer. After all, optimized determination is required considering the charging time and the surface voltage at various aspect ratios. In addition, there is one thing that we must consider. When the charged contact pattern is exposed to electrons at high magnification, the surface voltage on the wafer surface tends to be stabilized at lower voltage which causes fading away of the contact bottom images. Therefore, electron exposure must be minimized at high magnification by setting the focus a little away from the observation point and so on.
Information, Preferences, and Household Demand for School Value Added

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the roles that information and preferences play in determining whether households choose schools with high value added. We study Romanian school markets using administrative data, a survey, and an experiment. The administrative data show that, on average, households could select schools with 1 s.d. worth of additional value added. This may reflect that households have incorrect beliefs about schools' value added, or that their preferences lead them to prioritize other school traits. We elicit households' beliefs and find that they explain less than a fifth of the variation in value added. We then inform randomly selected households about the value added of the schools in their towns. This improves the accuracy of households' beliefs and leads low-achieving students to attend higher-value added schools. We next estimate households' preferences and predict their choices under the counterfactual of fully accurate beliefs. We find that beliefs account for 18 (11) percent of the value added that households with low- (high-) achieving children leave unexploited. Interestingly, for households with low-achieving children, the experiment seems to have affected both beliefs and preferences. This generates larger effects on choices than would be predicted via impacts on beliefs alone.