jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Continuing cancer surgery through the first six months of the COVID‐19 pandemic at an academic university hospital in India: A lower‐middle‐income country experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) hinders the treatment of non‐COVID illnesses like cancer, which may be pronounced in lower‐middle‐income countries. Methods This retrospective cohort study audited the performance of a tertiary care surgical oncology department at an academic hospital in India during the first six months of the pandemic. Difficulties faced by patients, COVID‐19‐related incidents (preventable cases of hospital transmission), and modifications in practice were recorded. Results From April to September 2020, outpatient consultations, inpatient admissions, and chemotherapy unit functioning reduced by 62%, 58%, and 56%, respectively, compared to the same period the previous year. Major surgeries dropped by 31% with a decrease across all sites, but an increase in head and neck cancers ( p = .012, absolute difference 8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75% — 14.12%). Postoperative complications were similar ( p = .593, 95% CI: −2.61% — 4.87%). Inability to keep a surgical appointment was primarily due to apprehension of infection (52%) or arranging finances (49%). Two COVID‐19‐related incidents resulted in infecting 27 persons. Fifteen instances of possible COVID‐19‐related mishaps were averted. Conclusions We observed a decrease in the operations of the department without any adverse impact in postoperative outcomes. While challenging, treating cancer adequately during COVID‐19 can be accomplished by adequate screening and testing, and religiously following the prevention guidelines.
Wind Energy Conversion Systems Control Using Inverse Neural Model Algorithm

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a neural inverse model controller to achieve maximum power tracking for wind energy conversion systems (WECS&#039;s) employing a double- fed induction generator (DFIG) is proposed. Changes on the firing angle of the inverter can control the operation point of the generator. This purpose complies with a neural network (NN) controller. Its feasibility and effectiveness are demonstrated by simulation results of a typical turbine/generator pair
Empathy, Compassion and Self-compassion in Psychology, Non-Psychology Students and Mindfulness Practitioners

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Students who go into a profession such as psychology often characterize traits such as empathy and compassion to a higher degree than those outside those fields.However, they are also vulnerable to empathy-and compassion-fatigue which can lead to them being unable to provide compassion to both self and others (Beaumont et al., 2015).In countries such as Turkey and Sri Lanka, where psychology is an emerging field, understanding these traits in student populations can provide insight on how to provide support in these professions.Participants were recruited from Sri Lanka and Turkey divided into psychology students (Sri Lanka: n=25 Age M=22.5 SD=2.9, Turkey: N=109 Age M=21.4 SD=1.2) and non-psychology students (Sri Lanka: N=26 Age M=27.3 SD=9.4,Turley: N=38 Age M=20.4 SD=1.6).The Sri Lankan data also included Buddhist monks who practiced mindfulness meditation (N=22 Age M=20.4 SD=4.9).The participants completed an empathy-compassion task and the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003).The study found no difference in empathy between the groups in either country, but there was a difference between psychology students in Sri Lanka and Turkey t(198)=2.772,p=.006.While there was no difference in compassion between the groups in Sri Lanka, there was a difference in Turkey t(126)=2.175,p=.032.There was difference for self-compassion in Sri Lanka t(49)=-2.332,p=.024 but not in Turkey.There was also a significant difference of selfcompassion between psychology students and Buddhist Monks in Sri Lanka (t(45)=-2.735,p=.009).The results suggest that there is a need to support student psychologists in developing these traits.
Introduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical engineering design involves both mechanical and thermal designs. Mechanical design requires knowledge of engineering mechanics, materials and strength of materials, vibration, and machine design. A design of a product may require thermal design analysis first followed by mechanical design and are often interrelated. A thermal engineering design process involves the applications of concepts from fundamental engineering science topics such as thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics, following some specified well-defined steps and in an iterative process. Thermodynamic analysis is carried out to establish the initial specification and ratings of the major components. The component-level analysis and design are next carried out to develop the detail specification of each component in the system. Designs can be categorized into different types: nonfunctional, functional, satisfactory, and optimum. The chapter discusses some typical thermal design projects. The objective is to understand some of the basic steps to be followed in the design of thermal systems.
Food selection for treatment of hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated diabetes: what happens in real life?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypoglycaemia is a feared complication of insulin‐treated diabetes. Treatment recommendations vary worldwide and their implementation is poorly documented. The primary study objective was to assess adherence to broad guidelines of hypoglycaemic treatment; initially with quick‐acting carbohydrate and follow up with long‐acting carbohydrate. The secondary objective was to assess if initial treating carbohydrate quantity complied with current worldwide recommendations. Assessment was by questionnaire, which was validated, piloted and administered to all insulin‐treated individuals attending routine outpatient diabetes clinic appointments over four weeks. The questionnaire response rate, readability and validity were acceptable at 74%, grade 6 level and 0.61 (Cohen's kappa), respectively. Assessment of broad guidelines for treatment of hypoglycaemia showed 78% of responders reported initial treatment with recommended foods, but only 40.8% of these were quick‐acting carbohydrate. Only 55.8% reported ingesting follow‐up food. Assessment of initial treating carbohydrate quantity showed 20.6% of responders used quantities exceeding all guidelines. Of the remaining, 46.4% used quantities consistent with the most liberal recommendations (European Association for the Study of Diabetes). Most study participants reported treating with recommended foods in quantities exceeding minimum recommendations, possibly attempting to resolve unpleasant symptoms of hypoglycaemia quickly. Failure of many to ingest follow‐up food is concerning and warrants investigation. Increased patient education and standardisation of guidelines for treatment of hypoglycaemia are indicated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Computer-Driven Decision Support Systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Computers have caused a revolution in organizational management. As the technology of computers has developed, so has the sophistication of information systems software. This article traces the transition of information management from basic data processing to decision support systems. It reports on various methods used by the Division of Research at Gallaudet College to manage its information needs regarding personnel, budgets, project timelines, and facilities, using both the mainframe computer and microcomputers. The application of these methods of information management to other educational settings is demonstrated. Special emphasis is placed on a shared data base that allows for the analysis of current operations and the ability to project outcomes of various decision strategies. Considerations in the development and maintenance of data bases and in the decision to use a mainframe or microcomputers to maintain records are also discussed.
Quantum field theory from classical statistics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An Ising-type classical statistical model is shown to describe quantum fermions. For a suitable time-evolution law for the probability distribution of the Ising-spins our model describes a quantum field theory for Dirac spinors in external electromagnetic fields, corresponding to a mean field approximation to quantum electrodynamics. All quantum features for the motion of an arbitrary number of electrons and positrons, including the characteristic interference effects for two-fermion states, are described by the classical statistical model. For one-particle states in the non-relativistic approximation we derive the Schrödinger equation for a particle in a potential from the time evolution law for the probability distribution of the Ising-spins. Thus all characteristic quantum features, as interference in a double slit experiment, tunneling or discrete energy levels for stationary states, are derived from a classical statistical ensemble. Concerning the particle-wave-duality of quantum mechanics, the discreteness of particles is traced back to the discreteness of occupation numbers or Ising-spins, while the continuity of the wave function reflects the continuity of the probability distribution for the Ising-spins.
The Duty to Provide Information to the Data Subject: Articles 10 and 11 of Directive 95/46/EC

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter argues that, in order to implement Article 10, an unqualified duty must be placed on data controllers. It suggests a duty in relation to unanticipated processing where data were obtained from the data subject that is conditional in the same way as cases falling under Article 11(1). The chapter also argues while Member States may treat all cases where data are/were collected from the data subject under Article 10, the best interpretation requires 'the missing case' to be dealt with in terms of Recitals 39 and 40. It examines the UK's implementation of the duty to provide information to the data subject under Articles 10 and 11 of the Directive. The chapter also examines the effect of this in relation to Section 60 of the Health and Social Care Act 2001 and The Health Service Regulations 2002 made under Section 60. It finally presents a very personal view, which many will no doubt find controversial.
High undescribed diversity of Amanita section Vaginatae in northern Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Amanita sect.Vaginatae is the most speciose section of Amanita subg.Amanita.However, to date only three species belonging to this section have been reported from northern Thailand.Here, we report on the study of Amanita sect.Vaginatae specimens collected in the years of 2012 to 2016.Remarkably, all fifteen specimens studied belong to nine species new to science, which were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence analyses of β-tubulin, nrLSU, nrITS, and rpb2 gene.Those nine species are fully described and illustrated with line drawings and color photographs.Morphological characteristics of related taxa are compared and discussed, and a dichotomous key of Amanita sect.Vaginatae in Thailand is provided.
Incentives and Competition in the Airline Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examine how performance changes at airlines in response to a change in executive incentives. Airlines with executive bonuses contingent on on-time arrival do improve on-time performance. We find evidence of strategic gaming of the incentive as some carriers increase scheduled flight times, making it easier for flights to arrive on time. This effect is more pronounced for competitive routes. Carriers also do not decrease the frequency of flights or the number of passengers to make it easier to be on time, but they do slightly decrease fares. Competitors on the same routes also improve their on-time performance, even when their executive bonuses are not contingent on on-time performance, consistent with competition in strategic complements. (JEL G30, G34, G32) Received February 5, 2018; editorial decision April 3, 2019 by Editor Andrew Ellul.
Evaluation of swede score and reid score to improve the predictive value of colposcopy and its correlation with histology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy amongst women in India. It is regarded as a public health problem and a priority in cancer control programmes by the WHO. Colposcopy has proven to be very useful in identifying and guiding the biopsy of dysplastic lesion. To minimize inter-observer variation, colposcopic scoring system has been introduced.Methods: A prospective cross- sectional study including 250 women in whom the prevalence of different grades CIN was done. Co-relation of Pap (cytology) with colposcopy scoring system viz. Reid’s and Swede scores, has been made in this study. The two screening methods were compared and their statistical association with histological findings were analyzed.Results: Per speculum examination performed in 250 sexually active women with suspicious looking cervix, belonging to 25-60 years of age, with most common presenting complaints of pain abdomen (38.8%) followed by leucorrhoea, irregular cycles and Post coital bleed. Unhealthy cervix (49.2%) and persistent discharge (28%) were the most common indications for colposcopy. An assessment of both SWEDE score and Reid score as a function of histological findings was done, while Swede score of >5 showed slightly more sensitivity (100%) for diagnosing CIN1+ lesions, Reids score of >5 was more specific (100%) with a higher positive predictive value (100%) for diagnosing CIN 1, 2, 3 and invasive cervical carcinoma. There was a marked positive association between Reid score and SWEDE score.Conclusions: The colposcopic scoring systems and histopathology showed significant compliance. Predictive accuracy of colposcopy increased with increasing severity of disease.
Systematic Innominate Artery Cannulation Strategy in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Better Perfusion, Better Results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: Arterial cannulation in type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) is still subject to debate. We describe a systematic approach of using the innominate artery for arterial perfusion (2) Methods: The hospital records of 110 consecutive patients with acute TAAAD operated on between January 2014 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The effect of the cannulation site on early and late mortality, as well as on cardio-pulmonary perfusion indices (lactate and base excess levels, and cooling and rewarming speed) were investigated. (3) Results: There was a significant difference in early mortality (8.82% vs. 40.79%, p < 0.01) but no difference in long-term survival beyond the first 30 days. Using the innominate artery enabled the use of approximately 20% higher CPB flows (2.73 ± 0.1 vs. 2.42 ± 0.06 L/min/m2 BSA, p < 0.01), which resulted in more rapid cooling (1.89 ± 0.77 vs. 3.13 ± 1.62 min/°C/m2 BSA, p < 0.01), rewarming (2.84 ± 1.36 vs. 4.22 ± 2.23, p < 0.01), lower mean base excess levels during CPB (−5.01 ± 2.99 mEq/L vs. −6.66 ± 3.37 mEq/L, p = 0.01) and lower lactate levels at the end of the procedure (4.02 ± 2.48 mmol/L vs. 6.63 ± 4.17 mmol/L, p < 0.01). Postoperative permanent neurologic insult (3.12% vs. 20%, p = 0.02) and acute kidney injury (3.12% vs. 32.81%, p < 0.01) were significantly reduced. (4) Conclusions: systematic use of the innominate artery enables better perfusion and superior results in TAAAD repair.
Sorting Out Mechanical and Psychological Effects in Candidate Elections: An Appraisal with Experimental Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper proposes a way to measure mechanical and psychological effects of majority runoff versus plurality electoral systems in candidate elections. Building on a series of laboratory experiments, we evaluate these effects with respect to the probability of electing a Condorcet winner candidate. In our experiment, the runoff system very slightly favours the Condorcet winner candidate, but this total effect is small. We show that this is the case because the mechanical and psychological effects tend to cancel each other out. Compared to plurality, the mechanical effect of runoffs is to systematically advantage the Condorcet winner candidate, as usually assumed; but our study detects an opposite psychological effect, to the disadvantage of this candidate.
Cross-sectional survey on antimicrobial usage in patients at 108 hospitals in Guizhou province in 2010

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the daily antimicrobial use in patients at hospitals of different sizes in Guizhou province.Methods Antimicrobial use in 108 hospitals on August 30,2010 was investigated,all data were analyzed.Results A total of 29 358 inpatients were investigated,the usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 55.52%,51.58% of which were for therapeutic purpose,35.44% for prophylactic use,and 12.98% for both therapeutic and prophylactic application;60.88% of patients received one agent,35.80% received two,and 3.32% received three and more agents.Among patients who received antimicrobials for therapy,only 13.84% were sent specimens for pathogenic detection.The usage rates of antimicrobial agents were different among different hospitals,secondary hospital was 61.18%,and tertiary hospital was 47.35%(χ2=549.85,P0.05).Departments of pediatrics,respiratory diseases,and otolaryngology had higher antimicrobial usage rates,all were 75%.Conclusion Inpatients in 108 hospitals have higher rate of daily antimicrobial use,prophylactic use and combined use,but pathogen detection rate is low.It is necessary to strengthen the management of rational use of antimicrobial use.
The effect of conditions and storage time on course of moisture and temperature of maize grains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Characteristics of stored cereals significantly affect the technical solution of individual storage facilities, as well as the technical appliances used to provide storage technologies, i.e. storing aeration and off-loading. The objective of the study was to monitor the influence of atmospheric temperature and extraneous moisture on the course of temperature and moisture of maize grain during the storage. An average value of maize grain moisture was 13.6% and an average value of temperature inside of the silo was 12.3°C within a defined timeframe. An average moisture value of maize grain stored in the floored warehouse was 13.7%, but an average temperature inside the warehouse was 21.9°C, however extraneous conditions during the storage were unchanged. Average value of extraneous moisture was 86.5 % and an average value of atmospheric temperature was 9.17°C. It was not recorded any occurrence of animal pests in stored maize grain during the storage. Grain water content differs with the change of air moisture and temperature. Reduction of grain water content is most frequently realized by residual drying (moisture is less than 15%); the storage stability is provided at the moisture of 12%.
An Efficient Method For Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks With Pulse Coupled Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi cast communication is a key technology for wireless mesh networks. Multicast provides efficient data distribution among a group of nodes, Generally sensor networks and MANETs uses multicast algorithms which are designed to be energy efficient and to achieve optimal route discovery among mobile nodes whereas wireless mesh networks needs to maximize throughput. Here we propose two multicast algorithms: The Level Channel Assignment (LCA) algorithm and the Multi-Channel Multicast (MCM) algorithm to improve the throughput for multichannel sand multi interface mesh networks. The algorithm builds efficient multicast trees by minimizing the number of relay nodes and total hop count distance of the trees. Shortest path computation is a classical combinatorial optimization problem. Neural networks have been used for processing path optimization problem. Pulse Coupled Neural Networks (PCNNS) suffer from high computational cast for very long paths we propose a new PCNN modal called dual source PCNN (DSPCNN) which can improve the computational efficiency two auto waves are produced by DSPCNN one comes from source neuron and other from goal neuron when the auto waves from these two sources meet the DSPCNN stops and then the shortest path is found by backtracking the two auto waves.
Influence of load cycling and tubule orientation on ultimate tensile strength of dentin.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

There was no effect of in vitro load cycling on ultimate tensile strength of dentin. Differences presented between ultimate tensile strength of crown vs root dentin and parallel vs perpendicular to the tubule orientation can be influenced by differences in the amount of organic and inorganic content as well as composition of the dentin matrix. It is important to consider these aspects when predicting the quality and durability of restorations according to the types of dentin and tubule orientation to be restored.
Neurospora crassa 1,3-α-glucan synthase, AGS-1, is required for cell wall biosynthesis during macroconidia development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Neurospora crassa genome encodes two 1,3-α-glucan synthases. One of these 1,3-α-glucan synthase genes, ags-1 , was shown to be required for the synthesis of 1,3-α-glucan in the aerial hyphae and macroconidia cell walls. 1,3-α-Glucan was found in the conidia cell wall, but was absent from the vegetative hyphae cell wall. Deletion of ags-1 affected conidial development. Δ ags-1 produced only 5 % as many conidia as the WT and most of the conidia produced by Δ ags-1 were not viable. The ags-1 upstream regulatory elements were shown to direct cell-type-specific expression of red fluorescent protein in conidia and aerial hyphae. A haemagglutinin-tagged AGS-1 was found to be expressed in aerial hyphae and conidia. The research showed that 1,3-α-glucan is an aerial hyphae and conidia cell wall component, and is required for normal conidial differentiation.