jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of digital microprocessor technology to power metering in the presence of harmonics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Describes a system involving a hardware interface, a PC, and advanced software to measure, analyze, and report the condition of harmonics on the power system. The results showed that the harmonic content of the load waveform affects power measurement significantly. It is possible with sample data techniques to determine true real power consumed by the power distribution system, or to resolve poor power factor questions. It is noted that the system developed for the measurement and analysis of harmonic effects on power metering has greatly reduced the effort needed to study and solve the problem of power measurement in the presence of harmonic distortion.< >
Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: Two case reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because of indolent course without mortality, the term "pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma" has been suggested as a replacement for "equine" or "animal-type" melanoma and for the epithelioid blue nevus of the Carney type, from which they are histologically indistinguishable. This report reviews this concept and recounts in detail two of eighteen cases occurring in residents of the Central Coast of California. This paper also contains clinical photographs of pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma, unlike prior reports.
THE BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT SUTURE MATERIALS USED IN FLEXOR TENDON SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Determining the extent of dynamic creep of a suture gives insight into the potential for formation of a flexor tendon repair site gap, with less creep having a positive benefit. We wanted to determine the dynamic creep of various suture materials using a cyclical testing protocol that simulates 30 days of active mobilisation. Methods Four-strand loops, 20 mm in length, were created using Prolene, Ticron, Ethibond, and Mersilene (n=8 per group). Samples were loaded between 3.5N and 35N at 10 cycles per minute for 3000 cycles using a materials testing machine. All testing was conducted in phosphate buffered saline at 37° celsius. The dynamic creep was determined for each group. A separate group of suture loops were also created for load to failure testing. All data was analysed using ANOVA on SPSS software. Results The loads to failure were 55.4, 65.5, 64.4 and 73.1N for Prolene, Ticron, Ethibond and Mersilene respectively. During cyclical testing, only one Prolene sample survived, with failure occurring after a mean of 1182 cycles (range 574 to 2660). Of those that failed, the mean creep was 3.80 mm (SD=0.51). In contrast, no specimens in the other groups failed, with a dynamic creep of 0.44 mm (SD=0.19), 0.32 mm (SD=0.17), and 0.28 mm (SD=0.07) for Ticron, Ethibond and Mersilene respectively. Conclusions Regardless of your chosen suture technique for flexor tendon repairs, this study suggests that the suture material itself can play an important role in the eventual outcome. These results should be kept in mind when deciding on the suture material for your repairs.
Effect of &lt;i&gt;Nigella sativa&lt;/i&gt; (Black Cumin Seed) to Enhance the Immunity of Common Carp (&lt;i&gt;Cyprinus carpio&lt;/i&gt;) Against &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas fluorescens&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed extracts supplemented diets at 2%, 4% and 6% doses with common diet as control (0%) fed to common carp, Cyprinus carpio against Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated critically on weeks 1, 2 and 4 as immunomodulator. Immunological factors including bactericidal activity and phagocytic action were examined along with the disease resistance. The outcomes of the research recommend 4% dose of N. sativa oil enriched diet as an effective immune response and disease resistance agent for C. carpio against P. fluorescens although further investigation will facilitate to optimize the precise quantity comparing with the weight of fish body.
How to do it. Organise an international medical meeting. I: Committees and budgets.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

At some time in his professional career a doctor may be concerned with organising a medical meeting.Meetings range from large international ones to small local gatherings, but the principles for organising all of them are the same.The object of our six articles in this series is to state these principles, to expand on topics that are often alien to the medical mind, and to point out some of the pitfalls that may trap the unwary and uninitiated.The principles are simple, and some of the things we say will seem obvious, but the obvious is often overlooked merely because it is simple.In these articles we shall be discussing committees, budgets, scientific and social programmes, registra- tion, and other aspects of medical meetings.
Neural Network Based Pipelined-Parallel Generation of PWM Signals Suitable to Drive Three Single Phase UPS-ENG

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A reliable technique has been proposed to generate a real time pulse width modulation (PWM) signals in order to drive three – single phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The PWM patterns have been generated using field programmable gate array (FPGA) and based on selective harmonic elimination method. These patterns are used to drive the six of switching power transistors of the voltage source inverter to produce three – single phase UPS. In order to solve the problem of the complexity of the nonlinear transcendental equations, an intermediate steps have been taken, using artificial neural network (ANN). This will overcome the problem of the off line solution and therefore obtaining the required data to solve the obstacle solution from off line to on line. Therefore, the trained ANN is implemented in a parallel hardware by using FPGA. The benefits of using FPGA to perform ANN are promising and the technique becomes very attractive. It allows a real time, simple, fast, reliable and efficient design with low hardware costs. Finally generating selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) patterns as a real time signals are become visible. Keywords: Field programmable gate array, Selective harmonic elimination pulsewave modulation, Neural networks
Linear and nonlinear optical characterizations of a monomeric symmetric squaraine-based dye in solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photophysical properties of a symmetric squaryllium dye, namely, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-dibutylamino)-2-hydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ), in its monomer form in acetone solution, have been thoroughly studied by means of one-photon absorption (1PA) and two-photon absorption (2PA), excitation anisotropy, fluorescence emission, fluorescence quantum yield, and excited state absorption. The results show that there is a strong one-photon allowed absorption band in the near IR region associated with intramolecular charge transfer. Higher one-photon allowed and forbidden singlet excited states were also revealed by absorption and excitation anisotropy. A relatively high fluorescence quantum yield (0.44) was measured for this dye. The nonlinear optical characterization of SQ in solution confirms the ability of squaraine dyes to be used as good two-photon absorbers. Additionally, it was found that this dye presents both saturable and reverse saturable absorption effects. Density functional theory calculations of the 1PA and 2PA electronic spectra of SQ were carried out to support the experimental data. A detailed analysis of the symmetry and energy of the orbitals involved in the lowest five electronic transitions is presented and discussed in relation to the behavior observed experimentally.
A SYSTEMS MODEL OF INNOVATION PROCESSES IN UNIVERSITY STEM EDUCATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using the national income/expenditure distribution data from 119 countries, the paper decomposes total income inequality between the individuals in the world, by continents and regions. We use Yitzhaki's Gini decomposition which allows for an exact breakdown (without a residual term) of the overall Gini by recipients. We find that Asia is by far the most heterogeneous continent; between-country inequality there is more important than inequality in incomes within-countries. Africa, Latin America, and Western Europe/North America are quite homogeneous continents with small differences between the countries (so that most of their inequality is explained by within-country inequality). If we divide the world into three groups- the rich G7 (and its equivalents), the less developed countries (all those with income per capita less than, or equal to, Brazil's), and the middle-income countries (all those with income level between Brazil and Italy), we find that there is very little overlap between such groupings, i.e. very few people from the LDCs have incomes which are in the range of the rich countries.
Casimir type effects for scalar fields interacting with material slabs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the field theoretical model of a scalar field in presence of spacial inhomogeneities in form of one and two finite width mirrors (material slabs). The interaction of the scalar field with the defect is described with position-dependent mass term. For the single layer system we develop a rigorous calculation method and derive explicitly the propagator of the theory, S-matrix elements and the Casimir self-energy of the slab. Detailed investigation of particular limits of self-energy is presented, and connection to know cases is discussed. The calculation method is found applicable to the two mirrors case as well. By means of it we derive the corresponding Casimir energy and analyze it. For particular values of the parameters of the model the obtained results recover the Lifshitz formula. We also propose a procedure to obtain unambiguously the finite Casimir \textit{self}-energy of a single slab without reference to any renormalizations. We hope that our approach can be applied to calculation of Casimir self-energies in other demanded cases (such as dielectric ball, etc.)
MASA: a multi-platform architecture for sequence aligners with block pruning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological sequence alignment is a very popular application in Bioinformatics used routinely worldwide. Many implementations of biological sequence alignment algorithms have been proposed for multicores, GPUs, FPGAs and CellBEs. These implementations are platform-specific and porting them to other systems requires considerable programming effort. This paper proposes and evaluates MASA, a flexible and customizable software architecture that enables the execution of biological sequence alignment applications with three variants (local, global and semi-global) in multiple hardware/software platforms with block pruning, which is able to reduce significantly the amount of data processed. To attain our flexibility goals, we also propose a generic version of block pruning and developed multiple parallelization strategies as building blocks, including a new asynchronous dataflow based parallelization, which may be combined to implement efficient aligners in different platforms.We provide four MASA aligner implementations for multicores (OmpSs and OpenMP), GPU (CUDA) and Intel Phi (OpenMP), showing that MASA is very flexible. The evaluation of our generic block pruning strategy shows that it significantly outperforms the previously proposed block pruning, being able to prune up to 66.5% of the cells when using the new dataflow based parallelization strategy.
Entropic herding

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Herding is a deterministic algorithm used to generate data points regarded as random samples satisfying input moment conditions. This algorithm is based on a high-dimensional dynamical system and rooted in the maximum entropy principle of statistical inference. We propose an extension, entropic herding, which generates a sequence of distributions instead of points. We derived entropic herding from an optimization problem obtained using the maximum entropy principle. Using the proposed entropic herding algorithm as a framework, we discussed a closer connection between the herding and maximum entropy principle. Specifically, we interpreted the original herding algorithm as a tractable version of the entropic herding, the ideal output distribution of which is mathematically represented. We further discussed how the complex behavior of the herding algorithm contributes to optimization. We argued that the proposed entropic herding algorithm extends the herding to probabilistic modeling. In contrast to the original herding, the entropic herding can generate a smooth distribution such that both efficient probability density calculation and sample generation become possible. To demonstrate the viability of these arguments in this study, numerical experiments were conducted, including a comparison with other conventional methods, on both synthetic and real data.
Estimations of soil fertility in physically degraded agricultural soils through selective accounting of fine earth and gravel fractions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Soil fertility and organic carbon (C) stock estimations are crucial to soil management, especially that of degraded soils, for productive agricultural use and in soil C sequestration studies. Currently, estimations based on generalized soil mass (hectare furrow basis) or bulk density are used which may be suitable for normal agricultural soils, but not for degraded soils. In this study, soil organic C, available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P2O5) and available potassium (K2O), and their stocks were estimated using three methods: (i) generalized soil mass (GSM, 2 million kg ha−1 furrow soil), (ii) bulk-density-based soil mass (BDSM) and (iii) the proportion of fine earth volume (FEV) method, for soils sampled from physically degraded lands in the eastern dry zone of Karnataka State in India. Comparative analyses using these methods revealed that the soil organic C, N, P2O and K2O stocks determined by using BDSM were higher than those determined by the GSM method. The soil organic C values were the lowest in the FEV method. The GSM method overestimated soil organic C, N, P2O and K2O by 9.3–72.1, 9.5–72.3, 7.1–66.6 and 9.2–72.3 %, respectively, compared to FEV-based estimations for physically degraded soils. The differences among the three methods of estimation were lower in soils with low gravel content and increased with an increase in gravel volume. There was overestimation of soil organic C and soil fertility with GSM and BDSM methods. A reassessment of methods of estimation was, therefore, attempted to provide fair estimates for land development projects in degraded lands.
Legal Protection for the Parties in A Agreement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Civil law is a branch of law that regulates relations between individuals or legal entities in terms of their personal interests. In civil law, a contract is considered a legal agreement between two or more parties who give each other promises to do or not do something. This research uses normative methods with qualitative research methods which use primary legal material sources, such as laws and the Criminal Code as well as secondary materials, such as books and journals. Contract law is an agreement between two or more people which creates an/an obligation to do or not do a specific thing. There are elements that are considered valid and binding. This includes the existence of an agreement from two or more parties, the desire or aim of the parties for legal consequences to arise, the legal consequences of the agreement only bind the parties and do not bind third parties, and certain agreements must be made in accordance with the law. There are legal principles in contract law, including freedom of contract, consensualism, and pacta sunt servanda. The conclusion is that contract law contains elements that are considered valid and principles in making agreements as well as the influence of written evidence in making a contract which provides legal certainty and as proof of the agreement. There are two main doctrine in contract law, classical and contemporary doctrine. The classical doctrin emphasize the legal certainty to be the core of legal issue in contract law. The doctrine noted that every single purpose of parties should be stated in contract in order to put binding eJect to the parties. It also distinguish the concept of breach of contract and tort. The petition for breach of contract should be based on the concept of breach of contract instead tort. In reverse, the contemporary doctrine emphasize the justice and appropriateness aspect in a contract. It recognized the contract as the whole process held by pre-contractual phase, contractual phase, and post- contractual phase. Hence, it realize the existence of impact toward promises stated by one party to others which is distinctly diJerent to the classical doctrine that neglect the impact of pre- contractual. The contemporary doctrine eliminates the distinguishing of breach of contract and tort as the basic of the sue because breach of contract was the specific genus of tort.
In Vivo and in Vitro Variations of Human Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase Activity as Result of Cells Ageing, Selenium Availability and Peroxide Activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cases showing erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) defects have been previously described. Our experiments demonstrate that a number of non genetic factors may influence the GSH‐PX activity in human erythrocytes. Selenium administration in vivo was followed in four subjects by elevation in erythrocyte GSH‐Px activity ranging from 30% to 1400%. Selenium operates mainly in the bone marrow erythroblasts by facilitating the synthesis of active GSH‐Px molecules; experiments in vitro demonstrate that, in the youngest erythrocytes, selenium can raise the enzyme activity, but by a different mechanism. The reticulocyte GSH‐Px activity appears to depend on selenium availability and may vary over a wide range. In some normal and iron deficient subjects, the GSH‐Px activity in the youngest erythrocyte fraction was equal or lower than that previously found in whole erythrocytes of patients affected by haemolytic anaemia. During erythrocyte life, GSH‐Px activity may either diminish or increase, and these variations are inversely related to the initial GSH‐Px activity in the youngest cells. In vitro experiments with the addition of acetyl‐phenyl‐hydrazine strongly suggest that elevation of GSH‐Px activity may be due to allosteric enzyme activation by activated oxygen.
Worker-led feminist mobilizing for the museum of the future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Museum workers have taken a massive hit during the pandemic when many museums closed their doors, cut staff hours, instituted layoffs and furloughs, and pushed more into precarity. For many workers, the effect of the pandemic has highlighted long-standing issues of racial, economic, gender and political inequality. This article engages with how workers are responding to this insecurity by highlighting worker-led feminist mobilizations for transformation in museums based in the United States and the United Kingdom. By focusing on efforts for engaging with the Black Lives Matter movement, decolonizing the museum, unionizing workers and providing mutual aid, this article examines worker-led practices of transformation of the museum amid crisis. A special emphasis is put on how workers articulate the importance of feminist solidarity and collective action in envisioning a more just museum of the future.
Hair dye - An Emerging icon - As a Suicidal agent - A short report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We are presenting a case of Super Vasmol poisoning (Paraphynelenediamine – PPD), a house hold product, rapidly emerging as a suicidal agent in most of the parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. The case report emphasizes the need of emergency evaluation and treatment as well as advantages of autopsy to combat with such newer suicidal agents in future.
Prevalence of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes in Dutse, Jigawa State, 2015

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: preventing complications is of paramount importance in the management of patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a risk factor for various diabetic complications. About 22 percent of the world population suffered from hypertension. In 2014, Africa has the highest prevalence of hypertension (30% for both sexes). The American Diabetes Association describe the combination of hypertension and type 2 diabetes as a lethal condition that increases persons risk of having a heart attack or stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Disseminating Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter elaborates on the connection between the Philippines and American empire by exploring how the American press depicted the Philippines as an Oriental nation devoid of civilization—a site waiting for American prayers as manifest in the pretense of colonization. Through a close reading of popular media sources, it asks how Americans, in the context of their own homes, visually consumed the spectacle of America's new colony. Two New York-based newspapers, William Randolph Hearst's New York Evening Journal and Joseph Pulitzer's the World, and two national magazines, Harper's Weekly and McClure's, each represented the Philippines as an exoticized location with an Oriental nature. The American media, controlled by individuals such as Hearst and Pulitzer, helped sell the war along with countless magazines and newspapers.
Patterns of social‐behavioral competence in behavior disordered preschoolers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The relationship between social‐behavioral competencies and behavior disorders was investigated in a preschool setting. Nineteen children who attended a Headstart program were assessed using the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders Procedure, the Walker‐McConnell Scale of Social Competence and School Adjustment, behavioral observations in classroom and playground settings and sociometrics. Nine children were identified as Externalizers, five as Internalizers and five as Controls. Results indicated that Externalizers and Internalizers were clearly differentiated from Controls on a range of diverse adjustment measures including teacher ratings, sociometrics and observations. The two behavior disordered groups received generally lower scores than controls indicting less socially competent behavior. In addition, Externalizers had the highest scores on ratings of their maladaptive behavior while Internalizers had the lowest scores on ratings of social skills directed toward peers. Implications for their long‐term adjustment and recommendations for future research are given.