jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the perioperative classification, diagnosis, description and repair of hiatus hernias in randomized controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Hiatus hernias (HH) are a common cause of symptoms and complications, with considerable variation in anatomy, function, diagnosis and treatment. We undertook the first systematic review to appraise how HH are diagnosed and classified in the literature, using randomized controlled trials as a sample. A search was performed in July 2021of the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and 2832 articles were identified and 64 were included. Median Jadad score was 2. Studies demonstrated considerable variation in diagnosis, classification and minimum surgical steps. The commonest classifications before surgery were axial length and the Type I-IV classification, variably assessed by endoscopy and contrast swallow. Intra-operatively, the commonest classification was type I-IV. A minority used more than one classification, or alternatives such as defect size and Hill classification. Most studies reported minimum steps, but these varied. Only a minority reported criteria for diagnosing recurrence. Using randomized controlled trials to appraise the highest quality evidence in the literature, we found considerable variation and inconsistency in the way HH are diagnosed and classified. This lack of a ‘common language’ has significant impacts for the generalizability of evidence, study synthesis and design. We propose the development of an internationally accepted classification. We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.
OP18.10: Outcome and management of antenatally diagnosed fetal pleural effusions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

thoraco-amniotic was performed in all hydropic fetuses with normal karyotype and without any associated anomaly.Results: Fetal chylothorax was diagnosed in 72 fetuses during this period: 30/72 (41.7%) cases presented associated anomalies with normal karyotype and 18/72 (25.0%) had chromosomal abnormalities.Among these cases, one newborn with trisomy 21, one with 45,XO and another with associated heart defect survived (3/48, 6.3%).Isolated fetal chylothorax was diagnosed in 24 (33.3%)cases, in which 14/24 (58.3%) survived.Bilateral pleural effusion and fetal hydropsis were statistically associated with perinatal death (P < 0.05), being more frequently present in those cases with association of other structural anomalies (83.3% and 93.0%) and with chromosomal abnormalities (83.3% and 89.0%) than in fetuses with isolated fetal chylothorax (54.2% and 54.0%; P < 0.01).Conclusions: Bilateral pleural effusion and fetal hydropsis are associated with worse outcome, being more present in fetuses with other structural or chromosomal anomalies.
Bearing Failure Investigation of Turbomachinery Test Rig

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the investigation of bearing failure in a compressor test rig which has been satisfactorily in operation. Two pair of single row angular contact ball bearings, each pair in tandem, and the pairs in turn in back to back support the rotor shaft to meet compressor thrust and to provide moderate stiffness for smooth operation. Since being experimental rig, it is reassembled several times involving bearing replacements on each occasion. Recently one bearing on one side pair is found severely damaged and the other bearing of the pair with minor damage. The bearing with minor damage supported the rotor and this evaded the initial diagnostics until the time of severe damage. Initial investigation revealed that the primary cause of failure is washed off by the secondary failure. A thorough, systematic investigation with the help of fishbone approach is carried in order to find out the root cause of the failure and also to decide on new rig. This investigation revealed lack of preload as the major cause and bearing seat clearance as minor problem. New procedure is adopted to ensure proper preload and the rig is back in operation.
The biological pump in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean: Nutrient sources, Redfield ratios, and recent changes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Observations from the Hawaii Ocean Time series indicate that a large fraction of the nitrogen supply to the euphotic zone is presently from nitrogen fixation. There is growing evidence, some presented here, that the main phosphorus flux is from the upper thermocline via eddy‐induced mixing processes. These mechanisms of supply create a non‐steady state nutrient flux in which the N:P ratio in particulate organic matter exiting the upper ocean (N:P = 23) is greater than the ratio of dissolved nitrogen to phosphorus that is remineralized in the upper thermocline (N:P = 13–14). Carbon to nitrogen ratios in the particulate export flux have remained between 7 and 8 in spite of these N:P changes, suggesting that the biological carbon export may have increased along with nitrogen fixation even though Redfield Ratio arguments would suggest phosphorus should be limiting. A simple model of the upper ocean circulation and carbon export demonstrates the sensitivity of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in the upper thermocline, atmospheric p CO 2 and atmospheric p O 2 to changes in the carbon pump. Comparison of AOU distributions from four meridional transects through the northeast subtropical Pacific between 1980 and 1997 suggests there has been an increase of 20–25% over the past two decades. These results cannot be explained without invoking changes in the biological pump or upper‐ocean ventilation by as much as 30–50%. Estimated atmospheric p CO 2 and p O 2 responses to this change are <10% and ∼15%, respectively, of the observed trends in the 1990s. Taken together, changes in the organic matter C:N:P ratios and in the AOU within the upper thermocline of the eastern North Pacific indicate that the onset of nitrogen fixation has resulted in an increase in the biological pump over that expected from nutrient delivery via ocean circulation. This suggests that at least on decadal timescales, the biological pump is not limited by phosphate concentrations in the Redfield ratio (N:P = 15–16).
Energy saving greenhouse systems for sweet pepper production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sweet pepper is an important crop for greenhouse production in the Netherlands. In three successive years trials are performed growing this crop in different greenhouse types with the goal a low energy input. The greenhouses are a double glass greenhouse, a double clad greenhouse with glass and foil and single glass-greenhouses with double and triple energy screens. The cultivars used were ‘Maranello’ and ‘Allrounder’. The production in the trials (30-35 kg m-2) was comparable to commercial growers. In 2016 and 2017 no internal fruit rot was observed. The energy use was 355-535 MJ m-2, which is a reduction of about 50% compared to practical pepper growers in the Netherlands. Apart from using double covering materials, this reduction was realized by an intensified use of screens in the night and by a postponed stowing in the morning and the acceptance of higher humidity’s compared to commercial growers. Postponed stowing results in a slight decrease in light availability but has an important effect on energy reduction and reduces the heating capacity needed. It is acknowledged that the reduced gas consumption for heating results in less flue gases for CO2 dosing and therefore requires an alternative CO2 source. The results show ready to use strategies for growers to reduce the input of energy and therefore provide benchmarks for the large steps that have to be made towards a fossil energy free greenhouse horticulture in the near future.
Abstract 1042: Vascular Adamts7 Promotes Smooth Muscle Foam Cell Formation During Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human genetic studies have linked the gene ADAMTS7 with coronary artery disease. In vivo studies in mice demonstrate that ADAMTS7 is proatherogenic, active in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and induced in response to vascular injury. However, the mechanisms governing its proatherogenicity remain unclear. We generated an SMC specific Adamts7 transgenic mouse (TG_SMC) to mimic the induction of vascular ADAMTS7. This mouse was crossed onto the LDL KO background, and after 16 weeks of western diet feeding, TG_SMC mice had a 3.5-fold increase in en-face plaque (p < 0.01) compared to controls. TG_SMC aortas showed a 3-fold increase in foam cells (p = 0.013) as measured by flow cytometry, and 80% of these cells were SMCs. Subsequent ex vivo studies show increased oxLDL uptake in TG_SMC primary SMCs (1.15x, p < 0.01).To determine the underlying mechanism, we performed RNA-seq on primary SMCs and found that TG_SMCs have increased expression of lipid handling genes (Cd36, Fabp5, Trem2). Upstream regulator analysis identified the transcription factor PU.1 as a potential mediator of these changes, and siRNA knockdown of PU.1 attenuated the gene expression increases. Additionally, siRNA knockdown of Cd36, the most upregulated gene, and a known oxLDL receptor, ameliorated the Adamts7-mediated rise in SMC lipid uptake.We next generated an Adamts7 SMC-specific knockout model to test if SMC ADAMTS7 is solely responsible for its proatherogenic effect. Surprisingly, SMC-specific Adamts7 knockout did not affect atherosclerosis in mice. We performed RNAscope on atherosclerotic LDLR KO mice and found that Adamts7 is also expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) during atherogenesis. We bred our hyperlipidemic TG model to the EC-specific Cdh5-CreERT2 and found that EC overexpression of Adamts7 also increases en face plaque burden and foam cell formation (1.5x, p<0.05), demonstrating that vascular Adamts7, regardless of the source, increases atherosclerosis. In summary, our results indicate that Adamts7 promotes lipid uptake in vascular SMCs, thus revealing a novel mechanism through which ADAMTS7 mediates atherogenesis. Our findings support the growing body of literature demonstrating that therapeutic targeting of ADAMTS7 is a potential approach to reducing atherosclerosis.
Study on mucoadhesiveness and stability of mucoadhesive microspheres loading amoxicillin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To study the stabihty of amoxicillin and amoxicillin entrapped in mucodhesive microspheres in gastric acid. Both in vitro and in vivo mucoadhesiveness effects of the microspheres were investigated. METHODS The mucoadhesive microspheres entrapping amoxicillin (Amo-Cb-Ec microspheres) were prepared using emulsification/evaporation method.The stabihty of amoxicillin and amoxicillin entrapped in microspheres in HCl media (pH=1) was determined and compared by HPLC method.The adherence between Amo-Cb-Ec and intestinal mucous membranes was measured by detaching the microspheres away from the mucous membrane using torsion balance. The in vitro and in vivo adhesion tests were carried out respectively, by counting the microspheres retaining either on the surface of gastric mucous membrane of mice or in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats. RESULTS In diluted HC1 solution ( pH = 1) at 37℃ for 6 h, about 50% of amoxicillin was decomposed, while in the medium containing 0.5% carpobol at the same pH, the amoxicillin decomposition was reduced. Amoxicillin entrapped in mucoadhesive microspheres was much more stable. The adhesion of Amo-Cb-Ec microspheres was significantly stronger than that of the Amo-Ecmicrospheres(P 0.05) ;and the retention rate of Amo-Cb-Ec microspheres, on the surface of gastric mucosa,was markedly higher than those without bioadhesive polymers in their formulae (Amo-Ec microspheres) (P 0.05) . In vivo test, the retention rate of Amo-Cb-Ec microspheres in the gastrointestinal tract of rats was also higher than that of Amo-Ec microspheres. CONCLUSION The medium pH had an important influence on amoxicillin stability. Amoxicillin was unstable in HC1 solution and its release rate from microspheres can't be measured directly in HCl solution. Carbopol showed a protecting effect to amoxicillin from being decomposed by HC1 solution. Both in vitro and in vivo adhesion tests showed that Amo-Cb-Ec microspheres had good gastrointestinal mucoadhesiveness.
Fast design and simulation of the low sidelobe omnidirectional waveguide-slot antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method of fast design of the low sidelobe omnidirectional waveguide-slot antenna is presented in this paper. Obtain the omnidirectional beam by slotted in both of the top and bottom broad-wall of the waveguide. Considering the mutual coupling, a method of fast design of the slot array of waveguide's wider side based on Elliott equations is applied in the analysis of the Ku-band omnidirectional waveguide-slot antenna, taking the design of the parameters of apertures quickly and optimally. A 2×12 slot array working in the Ku-band is modeled and simulated by CST, an omnidirectional beam is obtained in the E plane, and the sidelobe level in the H plane is suppressed effectively in a certain range of frequency, the results show that the method is feasible.
Toxicity Test of Food Additives by the Disturbance of Life Cycles of Chlorella and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Sake (III)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Using two sorts of microbes, in order to simplify the discrimination between bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, seven officially authorized food preservatives and antimicrobials-benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, chloramine B and AF-2-were examined by the multiple dilution and methylene blue dyeing method and the following results were obtained.1) The discrimination of bacteriostatic or bactericidal action was made more accurately by comparing figures of γ ratio-total cell number (TCN) to methylene blue dyed dead cell number (DCN) -in each concentration of preservatives and antimicrobials.2) The γ values from several testing media enabled us to presume a certain correlation-ship between the food additives and their rules of usage.3) The influence of pH on acidic preservatives was the same as that of the previous report.Comparing with the results of previous papers, it is ascertaind that the chlorella method is more convenient than that of saccharomyces for the toxicity test of food additives and the twice dilution method is appropriate for the test.
Policy recommendations for the Rana trade towards the Republic of Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

- Ban the trade of non-native species for consumption as food or derived products and for personal use (i.e., as pets). - Ban the trade of native species when they do not originate from within the nation (i.e., same genetically defined conservation unit). - Tracking of potential established alien Rana populations. - Eradication of potentially established alien Rana populations.
Abstract 128: More Effective Chest Compression and Less Rescuer Fatigue in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Leg-Foot Compression with a Footstool

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Conventional hands-on chest compression in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is often inadequate because of rescuer fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the potential of a novel method of CPR by leg-foot compression with a footstool in terms of the efficacy in chest compression and rescuer fatigue. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 21 medical workers competent in basic life support, and measured their height, weight, body surface area, and sole size. They performed CPR to a manikin for 2 minutes by conventional hands-on compression (HO), leg-foot compression (LF1), and leg-foot compression with a footstool (LF2). We analyzed the compression depth in the manikin, changes in the rescuer’s vital signs, and the modified Borg scale scores after the trials. Results: The prevalence of compression depth equal or ≧ 5 cm was larger in LF2 (median, inter-quartile range: 93%, 81-100%) than in HO (9%, 0-57%; p Conclusions: Leg-foot compression with a footstool may improve the quality of CPR, as it allows a more effective chest compression and reduces rescuer fatigue regardless of their body size.
Przestrzeń aktywności i rozwoju srebrnej edukacji na Uniwersytecie Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An ageing population is reflected in the demographic age of the population, as well as its impact on their lifestyles and activities. An important element of the activity and activation of seniors is the use of the education system. Lifelong learning should be treated as an activity that includes and strengthens the social aspects of senior life. The article presents examples of forms of educational and social activity of people over 60 years of age in the university formula, with particular discussion of activities carried out in the structure of a university, i.e. the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, taking into account thematic areas that are of interest to the recipients of silver education and can be improved as part of project activities. It is important that higher education is systemically open to a new type of recipient and offers an offer of education in the area of silver education. The curriculum offer of senior education should be. Starzejące się społeczeństwo ma odzwierciedlenie w wieku demograficznym ludności, a także wpływie na jego style życia i formy aktywności. Ważnym elementem aktywności i aktywizacji seniorów jest korzystanie z systemu edukacji. Edukację ustawiczną należy traktować jako działanie włączające i wzmacniające społeczne aspekty życia seniora. W artykule zostały przedstawione przykłady form aktywności edukacyjnej i społecznej osób 60+ w formule uniwersyteckiej, ze szczególnym omówieniem działań realizowanych w strukturze szkoły wyższej, tj. Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach z uwzględnieniem obszarów tematycznych, które leżą w zainteresowaniach odbiorców srebrnej edukacji i mogą być doskonalone w ramach działań projektowych. Istotne jest, by szkolnictwo wyższe w sposób systemowy otwierało się na nowego typu odbiorcę i proponowało ofertę kształcenia w obszarze srebrnej edukacji. Oferta programowa edukacji senioralnej powinna uwzględniać potrzeby osób 60+ oraz możliwości edukacyjne, w tym predyspozycje ludzi starszych do uczenia się oraz ograniczenia dorosłych związane z wiekiem.
Hordeum vulgare L. 3168

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.
Common name(s): Barley
Other names: THIRD OUTER GLUME, TRD
Conserved by: Council for research in agriculture and economics - Research center Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB-FIO), Italy
Local sample unique identifier: 3168
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2000
Historical: No
Biological status: Weedy
MLS status: Included
A molecular docking-based comparative assessment of various anticholinergic drugs as antidotes to different nerve agent poisoning

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nerve agent poisoning is still a threat to civilization. Nerve agents function by binding with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase irreversibly. Accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse causes over-stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors. Thus miosis, glandular hyper secretion, bronchoconstriction, vomiting, diarrhea and bradycardia occurs (by M1-M5 receptors stimulation); whereas convulsion and seizures occur due to the nicotinic receptors. Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonists but no nicotinic antagonists are known. Seizures are controlled by diazepam. Enzyme aging occurs without treatment which causes the enzyme resistant to oxime therapy. Though numerous wet-lab based works has carried out, however, recent time there is an over-growing trend to make comparative assessment of drugs and toxicants. Here we made a molecular docking based comparative assessments between nerve agents toxicity and efficacy of different drugs to prevent this toxicity. Our results suggest that VX is the most harmful organophosphate nerve agents and HI-6 is the best drug followed by Obidoxime and Pralidoxime to free acetylcholinestarase. Docking results correspond the data trend of different in vivo experiments for the assessment of severity of different nerve agents and/or effectiveness of different antidote drugs. Our study reinforces the utility of pretreatment of the enzyme with a carbamic acid derivative like Pyridostigmine bromide which inhibits the enzyme reversibly to a smaller extent and thus, prevent the enzyme from aging and the nerve agent binding.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Regulation of anal canal pressure as revealed by myoelectrical activity of internal anal sphincter.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dogs were decerebrated under short-acting anesthesia and the intraluminal pressure within anal canal was continuously recorded through micro-balloon probe, simultaneously with myoelectrical activities of left and right internal anal sphincters. The rate of pressure 'ripples' was identical with that of 'slow spikes' recorded from the internal sphincters. When a transient drop in anal canal pressure was induced by rectal distension, observing the so-called 'recto-anal reflex', the 'ripples' in pressure and the 'slow spikes' of sphincters disappeared at once, and then, reappeared simultaneously in manometric and myoelectrical recordings at recovery phase of the reflex. It is concluded, therefore, that the 'slow spikes' of sphincters are directly coupled with mechanical responses of those muscles, and that the sustained contraction of internal sphincters maintains the pressure level and their temporary relaxation causes the pressure fall. The specific features of anal canal activity resulted by sacral denervation were seen on the chronic dogs kept alive over 20 days after nerve sections. The most remarkable ones were: prolonged inhibition of 'slow spikes' in the recto-anal reflex and marked formation of the reflex rebound. These findings indicate that not only inhibitory but also after-facilitatory processes in the reflex are potentiated in chronically denervated dogs. It is suggested that the myenteric neuronal circuit with lumbar sympathetic outflow have been re-organized under the condition of sacral denervation and those re-organized circuits are responsible for altered reflex pattern.
KAON- Towards a large scale Semantic Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The goal of Semantic Web is to enrich the content of Web pages with metadata, thus obtaining a well-defined semantic interpretation of content. Common language for concept description is provided by ontologies, that describe a model of a particular application domain. However, creation and management of ontologies has proven to be a demanding task. This paper introduces, KAON, the Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web framework, providing services for ontology and metadata management and interfaces needed to create and access Web-based semantics-driven E-Services. 1