jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Possibility of High Soluble Solid Content Tomato Production under Water Stress Conditions Controlled by Matric Potential

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to clarify the possibility of high soluble solid content tomato production in soilless culture with a small volume of substrate under water stress conditions, which was separate from salinity stress and controlled by matric potential for fertigation using a tensiometer. Treatments consisted of 2 set point levels of matric potential (−2 and −4 kPa) for fertigation in Experiment 1-1, 3 application rates (20, 80, and 180 mL/time/plant) in Experiment 1-2, and a combination of 2 set points of matric potential (−2 and −6 kPa) and 2 application rates (40 and 70 mL/time/plant) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, tomato plants and fruit production seemed to be affected by higher water stress treatment, but salinity stress was also applied simultaneously, in spite of leaching of salts into medium. In Experiment 2, it assumed that water stress treatment was mostly achieved by keeping the EC of medium solution below 5 dS·m-1. The matric potential in the medium fluctuated −0.5 to 2 kPa at −2 kPa and −1 to −6 kPa at −6 kPa during the day. The proline content of leaves is considered an index of stress degree. It tended to increase with time during the experiment and to be higher at −6 kPa than −2 kPa treatment, although there seemed to be no distinct difference in the EC of medium solution among treatments. Therefore, according to the above proline content, it is suggested that water stress itself can stress the plant to some extent in soilless culture, but it may be difficult to induce sufficient stress intensity, which is comparable to the salinity stress producing high soluble solid content tomatoes, by water stress itself.
Short-Term High-Fat Diet Promotes Increased Lysine Crotonylation in Cerebral Cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Protein lysine crotonylation is a newly discovered protein post-translational modification (PTM), which has been associated with cellular metabolism, cell cycle, gene transcription, DNA damage response. However, its potential roles related to human central nervous system diseases remain largely unknown. In the present study, we observed a significant elevated lysine crotonylation in a screening of nine lysine acylations in cortex tissues of HFD-fed mice after short-term overfeeding. On the base of previous reports and molecular weight of proteins, we also speculate that actin, ERK2 or GAPDH and CDK1 might be modified by lysine crotonylation (KCr). Taken together, our findings highlight a potential role of protein lysine crotonylation in HFD-induced brain disorders and as possible therapeutic candidates in the future.
Organic Electronics: The Ions Have It

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Organic electronics research has focused primarily on flexible, inexpensive versions of traditional semiconductor technologies. Although mixed ionic/electronic conduction in conjugated organic materials introduces exciting functionality, the understanding of the fundamental processes that take place is still in its infancy. In this Research News article, the advantages, applications, and basic research needs that relate to the incorporation of ionic carriers in organic electronic materials and devices are discussed and placed in the broader context of the field.
A note on inbreeding in dairy cattle breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Starting from the study at the beginning of the East German "Heterosisfeldversuch", where PANICKE et al. (1975) considered the possibilities of a targeted use of inbreeding and heterotic effects, we show and discuss results of inbreeding studies in the USA dairy cattle breeding. Several research groups worldwide presented effective tools for managing inbreeding in dairy cattle. Their efforts underline the need of inbreeding studies. Contemplating inbreeding is necessary for any breeding decision to avoid inbreeding depression and for improved genetic analyses, e.g. in QTL- estimation. A novel methodology (HERNANDEZ-SANCHEZ et al., 2004a and b) is suggested for estimating inbreeding at the three levels of population, individual and locus.
Three-Nucleon Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have made a preliminary calculation of the bare form factor ${F}_{B}({q}^{2})$ for the three-nucleon systems ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ with the wave function $\ensuremath{\psi}=N\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}(\frac{\ensuremath{\kappa}}{2})({r}_{12}+{r}_{23}+{r}_{13})]$. It is found that if we adjust $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ so as to fit the experimental value of the Coulomb energy for ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, or to fit the bremsstrahlung-weighted integral cross section for the photoeffect of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, the agreement with experimental results for ${F}_{B}({q}^{2})$ is quite good. Also, we have made a variational calculation of the binding energy of the triton using two-body velocity-dependent central potentials and $\ensuremath{\psi}$ as a trial function with $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ as the adjustable parameter. Our preliminary results show that the binding energy is much lower than the experimental value and that given by a static well-behaved potential, though it is in fairly good agreement with similar calculations using repulsive hard core potentials.
Identification of health trajectories of patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 using latent class trajectory methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Persistent spinal pain syndrome Type 2 (PSPS‐T2) is a long‐lasting condition that consists of persistent pain following spinal surgery. Although this condition has long‐term effects, it is currently studied at a given time point or over a limited period of time, which does not reflect the true impact of pain patients. To bridge this gap, we used latent class trajectory models to extract clusters with different trajectories of patients with PSPS‐T2. Materials and Methods Data from the PREDIBACK study, an observational, multicentric, and longitudinal investigation carried out prospectively, were used. This study focuses on patients with PSPS‐T2, tracking their outcomes at 3‐month intervals over a one‐year period. Health status was evaluated using a novel multidimensional clinical response index (MCRI). The trajectories of patients' health status were extracted using mixture of mixed effect models. Results Two hundred (200) PSPS‐T2 patients were included. Two clusters were identified, including ‘persistent low health’ trajectories (63.1%) and ‘improving health’ trajectories (36.9%). Regarding the factors associated with these trajectories, our results showed that lower age, lower body mass index, lower pain intensity, lower functional disability, lower anxiety and less extended pain surface were associated with improving health status. Conclusion Clustering methods provide an opportunity to identify two distinct clusters of pain‐related health trajectories of PSPS‐T2 patients. Persistence of the symptoms was not observed in one third of the PSPS‐T2 study patients, who belong to the improving pain‐related health cluster, while the other two thirds did not achieve improved health over a 1‐year follow‐up. Significance Statement Our study findings suggest that the use of trajectory‐based methods could improve patient evaluation and pain management as it allows for obtaining a global view of patients during their care pathway compared to conventional methods, which only focus on specific visits. Our study also advocates for multidimensional assessment and management of pain by targeting not only pain intensity but also the psychological distress, functional capacity and pain surface at an early stage of pain onset after spine surgery.
AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES IN THE FROZEN MOVIE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikatur percakapan di
dalam film Frozen dengan menggunakan teori Grice. Subjek penelitian ini adalah naskah percakapan antara tokoh utama dari film itu yaitu Elsa dan Anna. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain metode kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; pertama, didalam percakapannya, para karakter utama melanggar tiga maksim, yakni maksim kualitas, maksim relevansi, dan maksim pelaksanaan. Maksim yang paling banyak dilanggar adalah maksim relevansi. Para tokoh utama melanggar maksim relevansi dengan cara memberikan informasi yang tidak relevan dengan pertanyaan. Tidak terdapat pelangaran dari maksim kualitas, karena di film ini, kedua tokoh mengatakan kebenaran dan menyampaikan ucapan relevan dengan fakta. Kedua, tokoh utama dalam film tersebut menggunakan implikatur percakapan umum dan khusus, namun yang paling sering digunakan adalah implikatur percakapan umum. Frekuensi yang tinggi dari jenis implikatur percakapan dapat dijelaskan oleh fakta bahwa karakter Anna di film frozen adalah orang yang terbuka. Sehingga dalam mengungkapkan ucapan, dia lebih suka menggunakan jawaban langsung daripada jawaban tidak langsung, yang merujuk kepada implikatur percakapan umum.
Kata Kunci : Implikatur Percakapan, Maksim, Implikatur Percakapan Umum, Implikatur Percakapan Khusus
Global trends in obesity and gut flora from 2012 to 2022 based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a metabolic disease and an independent risk factor for several diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Gut flora has been found to be a hot topic of interest in recent years in obese populations and animal studies.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this review is to understand the global research trends and major research hotspots on obesity and gut flora from 2012-2022.

METHODS

We searched the CNKI and WOS for articles on obesity and gut flora-related research from 2012-2022. The literature was analyzed for annual postings, authors, institutions, countries, and keyword visualization using CiteSpace 6.1.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.18.

RESULTS

841 articles in Chinese and 3459 articles in English that met the requirements were finally included. It was found that the number of published Chinese and English literature showed an overall increasing trend from 2012 to 2022, and the number of published articles increased significantly after 2016. In the Web of Science core collection database, the year 2022 was the most published year, accounting for 19.75% of the total number of articles in English. The Web of Science Core Collection database shows that a total of 97 countries, 3997 institutions and 19880 authors are involved in this field of research. The largest number of publications in the United States is 753; the institution with the largest number of publications is Harvard Med Sch with 110 publications; the author with the largest number of publications is Cani patrice d with 58 articles.

CONCLUSIONS

From 2012-2022, an increasing number of researchers have analyzed and explored the relationship between obesity and intestinal flora. The Harvard Med Sch and Inserm institutions in the United States are the leading institutions in the field of research related to obesity and intestinal flora, and the main hot spots of Chinese and foreign research are probiotics, acupuncture to regulate intestinal flora, tight junction proteins, and tea drinks. Intestinal flora is a key research direction for improving and treating obesity, and will remain a research hotspot in the future.
Rheolytic Catheter Thrombectomy, Balloon Angioplasty, and Direct Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis of Dural Sinus Thrombosis with Preexisting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

woman who presented with bilateral anterior parietal lobe cortical hemorrhages associated with thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, both transverse and sigmoid si-nuses, and multiple cortical veins draining into the sagittal sinus. Initial heparin therapy was not effective. A combi-nation of AngioJet rheolytic catheter thrombectomy, bal-loon angioplasty, and continuous direct superior sagittal sinus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator infusion led to venous recanalization with a successful clinical out-come, without worsening of the preexisting intracranial hemorrhages. Case series and case reports have described a vari-ety of treatments for dural sinus occlusive disease. There have been reports of successful outcome fol-lowing treatments with heparin, low molecular weight
Il riflesso di Narciso nel pozzo: dal Roman de Renart al Lai de l’ombre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The mirror, the double, the reflective surface provided a common and large stock of images and methapors to medieval literature and philosophy, mainly because of their neoplatonic roots. Trobadoric poetry has been largely investigated these years, following different critical approaches, all centered around the great erotic mirror-myth of Narcissus. This paper will focus on two texts, celebrated yet less known from this point of view, very different from one another yet both out of the lyric genre (Lai de l’ombre, Renart et Ysengrin dans le puits): the mirror-surface of the well is the key feature not only for the structure but also for the sense of a text where the erotic theme, always present, is enriched in ironic and parodic nuances and narrative possibilities.
Genetic Influences of Proinflammatory Cytokines on Pain Severity in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case-control study investigated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes (CXC motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8): rs2227306 and rs2227307 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF): rs1800629) in 85 patients with pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDp) and 85 controls to explore their associations with TMDp presence, pain intensity (low/high), and the presence of chronic arthralgia/myalgia. TMDp was diagnosed using a validated protocol, and polymorphisms were genotyped from buccal mucosa swabs using TaqMan assays. High pain intensity individuals had an increased risk for carrying minor allele “G” (rs2227307) and “T” (rs2227306) compared to controls (76% vs. 55.3%, p = 0.012; 72% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.030, respectively). Carriers of the minor allele “G” (rs2227307) were more prevalent in TMDp patients with arthralgia compared to controls (70.30% vs. 55.30%, p = 0.037). According to logistic regression, the most important predictors for high pain intensity were minor allele “G” of rs2227307 (OR 2.435, 95% CI 1.123–5.282), increasing age (OR 1.038, 95% CI 1.002–1.075), and female sex (OR 4.592, 95% CI 1.289–16.361). The explored gene polymorphisms were not significant risk factors for TMDp presence. These findings highlight the importance of genetic variations, particularly rs2227307, in understanding the diverse clinical manifestations of temporomandibular disorders.
Ocean carrier selection

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Competition nowadays in the business world is primarily between supply chains, and the ocean transportation, probably acting as the longest link between two stages, exerts a great influence on the overall performance of the supply chain systems. While ocean carrier selection criteria have been examined extensively by previous scholars, scarce literature was found to investigate this topic in the context of supply chain management. To address this research gap, this paper aims to come up with a list of ocean carrier selection criteria from shippers’ / freight forwarders’ perspective by combining the existing ocean carrier selection criteria as discussed in the previous literature and some new critical criteria to be proposed in this paper in consideration of supply chain management. AHP method will be employed to determine the relative importance of the ocean carrier selection criteria as perceived by the shippers and freight forwarders, following by a detailed discuss on the major findings on selection criteria of ocean container carriers and a comparison among the three shipping market sectors, namely container shipping industry, dry bulk shipping industry and wet bulk shipping industry. For the purpose of this paper, special emphasis will be given to the container shipping industry, though the other two market sectors, i.e., dry bulk shipping and wet bulk shipping will also be covered briefly.
Of Carts and Horses: Regulation and Privatization in Telecommunications Reforms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the early 1990s, many advocated quick privatization of state‐owned monopolies in developing countries, assuming that market institutions would develop once firms were privately owned. More recent thinking emphasizes establishing institutions conducive to promoting competition before privatization. To date little empirical work has informed the debate. This paper addresses this gap by testing whether establishing a regulatory authority prior to privatizing incumbent telecommunications firms matters. I find that countries that established regulatory authorities prior to privatization saw increased telecom investment and telephone penetration compared to countries that did not. Moreover, investors paid more for telecom firms in countries that established a regulator prior to privatization.
495. Predictors of C. difficile Infection and Impact of Primary Prophylaxis Among Asymptomatic C. difficile Colonized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Patients who are colonized with C. difficile are at risk of developing C. difficile infections (CDI), but factors associated with disease onset are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to identify predictors of hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) among asymptomatic C. difficile colonized patients and explore the potential benefit of primary prophylaxis to prevent CDI. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of C. difficile colonized patients admitted to a tertiary academic institution in Quebec City between November 2013 and January 2017. Colonization status was determined upon hospital admission through a systematic screening program by detecting the TcdB gene by PCR on a rectal swab. Primary prophylaxis was defined as the preventive use of ≥1 dose of oral vancomycin or metronidazole in a patient without diarrhea. The choice and dosing of prophylaxis were left to the discretion of the treating physician. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of HO-CDI. RESULTS: Of 513 C. difficile colonized patients, 39 (7.6%) developed a HO-CDI, with a 30-day attributable mortality of 18%. We found that an increased length of hospital stay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per day, 1.03; P = 0.006), exposure to multiple classes of systemic antibiotics (aOR per class of antibiotic, 1.45; P = 0.03), the use of opioid analgesics (aOR, 2.70; P = 0.01) and cirrhosis (aOR, 5.57; P = 0.007), were independently associated with an increased risk of HO-CDI in multivariate analysis, whereas the use of laxatives was associated with a lower risk of CDI (aOR, 0.36; P = 0.01). Among the antimicrobials, B-lactam with B-lactamase inhibitors (OR, 3.65; P < 0.001), first-generation cephalosporins (OR, 2.38; P = 0.03), and carbapenems (OR, 2.44; P = 0.03) correlated with the greatest risk of HO-CDI. In contrast, patient age, exposure to proton pump inhibitors, and the use of prophylaxis were not significantly associated with occurrence of HO-CDI in this specific population. CONCLUSION: This study identifies several variables that are specifically associated with the development of CDI among C. difficile colonized patients. Whether modifying these risk factors could help prevent CDI should be further investigated. DISCLOSURES: S. Trottier, CIHR: Grant Investigator, Research grant. V. Loo, Merck: Consultant and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Y. Longtin, Merck: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Becton Dickinson: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.
Genetically modified crops in the European Union - the regulatory framework and public acceptance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In both the United States and the European Union the fundamental concept for the food and environmental safety assessment of products derived from modern biotechnology is the concept of substantial equivalence, where the novel product is compared to a closely related product that has an accepted standard of safety. The concept was initially introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (WHO, 1991). In 1992, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) elaborated the underlying concept and introduced the term “substantial equivalence” (OECD, 1993). The application of substantial equivalence has since been reinforced by international expert bodies (WHO, 1995; FAO, 1996) and has been adopted by regulatory authorities in most countries.
Culture, gaze and the neural processing of fear expressions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The direction of others' eye gaze has important influences on how we perceive their emotional expressions. Here, we examined differences in neural activation to direct- versus averted-gaze fear faces as a function of culture of the participant (Japanese versus US Caucasian), culture of the stimulus face (Japanese versus US Caucasian), and the relation between the two. We employed a previously validated paradigm to examine differences in neural activation in response to rapidly presented direct- versus averted-fear expressions, finding clear evidence for a culturally determined role of gaze in the processing of fear. Greater neural responsivity was apparent to averted- versus direct-gaze fear in several regions related to face and emotion processing, including bilateral amygdalae, when posed on same-culture faces, whereas greater response to direct- versus averted-gaze fear was apparent in these same regions when posed on other-culture faces. We also found preliminary evidence for intercultural variation including differential responses across participants to Japanese versus US Caucasian stimuli, and to a lesser degree differences in how Japanese and US Caucasian participants responded to these stimuli. These findings reveal a meaningful role of culture in the processing of eye gaze and emotion, and highlight their interactive influences in neural processing.