jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conclusion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The premise for a volume was a radical re-evaluation of tourism, defined and experienced until recently in terms of clearly circumscribed places and temporalities, in order to examine the in-between situations in which everyday and "non-everyday" activities and spaces for leisure and work are becoming hybridised. The most recent developments in their Black Forest case study area are attributable notably to global warming and the COVID-19 crisis. This chapter analyses social media to show clear changes in footfall models for the theme park based on the geographic origins of visitors and the crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. With the exception of the chapter, none of the contributions in the volume focus exclusively on the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on tourism. Diversification of the range of products marketed by some professionals is also likely to continue, notably with a view to greater resilience in the event of future crises.
Validated\nModeling for German White Wine Varietal\nAuthentication Based on Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Online\nCoupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Fingerprinting

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An untargeted analytical approach\ncombined with chemometrics using\nthe volatiles of German white wine was investigated regarding the\nusefulness for verifying botanical origin. A total of 198 wine samples\nof Riesling, Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner, Pinot Gris, and Pinot\nBlanc were examined applying headspace solid-phase microextraction\nonline coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The resultant\nthree-dimensional raw data were processed by available metabolomics\nsoftware. After data treatment, a partial least-squares discriminant\nanalysis (PLS-DA) model was validated. External samples were correctly\nclassified for 97% Silvaner, 93% Riesling, 91% Pinot Gris/Blanc, and\n80% Müller-Thurgau. This model was related to monoterpenoids,\nC<sub>13</sub>-norisoprenoids, and esters. Further, 100% prediction\nfor a two-class model of Riesling versus Pinot Gris/Blanc was confirmed\nby 74 additional samples measured independently. Hence, the strategy\napplied was, in particular, reliable and relevant for white wine varietal\nclassification. In addition, the superior classification performance\nof the Riesling class was revealed.
Lifestyle Behaviors and Mental Health of American Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that individuals reporting healthy lifestyle behaviors would also report better self-rated mental health. Logistic regression analyses were conducted utilizing SUDAAN on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data set. This descriptive analysis suggests that persons reporting poor mental health were more likely to report unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. This set of findings encourages careful design of experimental studies of empirically based associations of mental health and life style, using psychometrically sound measures. Then public health programs focused on change of health-related behaviors might be more suitably devised.
The effect of nitric oxide on hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocytes upon rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract AIM:To investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury(HRI) of cardiomyocytes. METHODS:With cardiomyocytes cultured in newborn rats subjected to hypoxia 120 min and reoxygenation 60 min in the presence of either NO precursor L-arginine(L-Arg), or NO donors 3-morpholino sydnonimine-hydrochloride (SIN-1), or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or NOS inhibitor N ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), changes of cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and nitrite (NO 2) content were observed. RESULTS:①Hypoxia and reoxygenation reduced cell viability (23%, P 0.01),increased leakage of LDH (6.2 times, P 0.01), iNOS activity (77%, P 0.01) and NO 2 content (61.7%, P 0.01) vs 21% O 2 control group.②With SIN-1 or SNP or L-Arg pretreated, the leakage of LDH was further increased ( P 0.01) and cell viability was further reduced ( P 0.01 or P 0.05) compared with HR group. ③L-NNA (2mmol/L) had no significant effects on cell injury, but it attenuated the cell injury effects of L-arginine. ④ LPS increased iNOS activity (2.6 times, P 0.01) and the leakage of LDH (56%, P 0.01).CONCLUSION: NO can exacerbate cardiomyocytes HRI. It is a injury factor to cardiomycytes HRI. MeSH Nitric oxide; Cardiomyocyte; Reperfusion injury; Rat
Drugs and Social Policy: The Establishment of Drug Control in Britain 1900–30

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary The formation of drug control policy in Britain in the first three decades of the twentieth century is reviewed. Pharmaceutical controls over sales, based on professional self‐regulation gave way to controls on possession and use during the First World War, These war‐time restrictions were the basis of the 1920 Dangerous Drugs Act which fulfilled Britain's international treaty obligations. During the 1920s, the Home Office attempted to establish a penal policy on the American model; the Rolleston Report of 1926 established the ‘British system’ of drug control. The ‘political’ significance of British drug control in this period, in particular its polemical use in the struggles to liberalise American drug policies in the 1960s, has inhibited a more developed analysis of policy. The tensions over policy and the 1926 Report were not simply battles between rival conceptions of control or a ‘victory’ for the ‘medical model’. This approach ignores the control aspects of both penal and medical views and the complexity of the interactions between them. The 1926 Report was not a ‘medical victory’ but the result of an accommodation and collaboration between medical and bureaucratic elites with similar interests at stake.
Stakeholder Participation in Tourism Destination Planning Another Case of Missing the Point?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A legacy of adverse impacts from tourism activity has led to widespread, and generally well accepted, calls for multiple stakeholder groups, in particular the resident community, to participate in the process of planning tourism activity within a destination. While this notion has infiltrated the rhetoric of governments' worldwide, authors have questioned the extent to which stakeholder participation actually occurs in tourism destination planning practice. Indeed, some authors have claimed that despite the abundance of policy statements and documents endorsing the approach, such examples are still the exception rather than the rule. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether multiple stakeholder groups do actually participate in the tourism destination planning processes and determine the underlying motives, benefits and challenges of stakeholder cooperation and collaboration in this context. Focusing on the planning practices of local tourism destinations in Queensland, Australia, it was found that the resident community are often excluded from the planning process and, where they are involved, it is because of planning mandates as opposed to genuine motivations to engage in cooperative and collaborative planning. Additionally, the study found that some stakeholder groups have considerably more power than others and use this influence to limit the involvement of the resident community to token engagement. The research highlights that destination planners and managers continue to 'miss the point' regarding the need for, and benefits of, engaging multiple stakeholder groups in the planning process.
Generating compressed broadband terahertz pulses using aperiodically poled electro-optic crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a general technique to generate compressed broadband terahertz pulses based on difference frequency generation of optical pump radiation using aperiodically poled structures. The pump pulse format and poling of the crystals conceived are such that the emergent terahertz pulse is compressed. The approach circumvents pump pulse distortions that result from non-collinear approaches and the need for external compression. It is particularly efficient for the generation of pulses of intermediate durations of few to tens of cycles. For instance, conversion efficiencies in the few percent range are attainable in cryogenically cooled lithium niobate.
A Qualitative Research on the Effect of Internet Games and TV Series on Primary School Students' Perceptions of Violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of internet games and tv series on the primary school students’ perceptions of violence. Within this framework, student’s remark will be obtained via making them draw pictures and watch tv series. This research is designed within the framework of descriptive analysis which is a type of qualitative research based on analyzing and understanding the social facts within their environment. The study group is composed of 72 eighth-grade students from two primary schools located in Afyonkarahisar. 37 of these students are male, 35 of them are female. The research has benefited from totally 55 students from two primary schools as sample. Initially, some of the students were asked to draw a picture regarding the internet games and Tv series they watched and then watch a short video prepared by the researcher in order to understand students’ perceptions of domestic violence. As a consequence of this study, it has been observed that totally 16 pictures contain violence including the violent tv series from 6 students, one emotional tv series from one student and violent computer games from 10 students. It has been seen that the remaining 14 pictures don’t include violence. As a result of the research conducted qualitatively in order to analyze the effect of internet games and tv series on primary school students, 31 students were asked to draw pictures related to internet or Tv series they watched or followed.
Are Academics Irrelevant?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Interest in participatory research has exploded over the past decade. Academics seem to follow three approaches in participatory research: the initiator, the consultant, and the collaborator. After discussing the approaches, this article argues that doing the research is not a goal in itself but only a means. Participatory research is actually part of a larger community change project that is dependent on four roles: “animator,” community organizer, popular educator, and participatory researcher. Determining how the academic will fit in the project (as initiator, consultant, or collaborator) requires addressing three questions: What is the project trying to do? What are the academic's skills? and How much participation does the community need or want? The answers to these questions will vary according to how organized the community is.
Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sub-Lineages Isolated from Turkish Patients Infected with COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early detection and characterization of new variants and their impacts enable improved genomic surveillance. This study aims to evaluate the subvariant distribution of Omicron strains isolated from Turkish cases to determine the rate of antiviral resistance of RdRp and 3CLpro inhibitors. The Stanford University Coronavirus Antiviral & Resistance Database online tool was used for variant analyses of the strains uploaded to GISAID as Omicron (n = 20.959) between January 2021 and February,2023. Out of 288 different Omicron subvariants, B.1, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BE.1, BF.1, BM.1, BN.1, BQ.1, CK.1, CL.1, and XBB.1 were the main determined subvariants, and BA.1 (34.7%), BA.2 (30.8%), and BA.5 (23.6%) were reported most frequently. RdRp and 3CLPro-related resistance mutations were determined in n = 150, 0.72% sequences, while the rates of resistance against RdRp and 3CLpro inhibitors were reported at 0.1% and 0.6%, respectively. Mutations that were previously associated with a reduced susceptibility to remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/r, and ensitrelvir were most frequently detected in BA.2 (51.3%). The mutations detected at the highest rate were A449A/D/G/V (10.5%), T21I (10%), and L50L/F/I/V (6%). Our findings suggest that continuous monitoring of variants, due to the diversity of Omicron lineages, is necessary for global risk assessment. Although drug-resistant mutations do not pose a threat, the tracking of drug mutations will be necessary due to variant heterogenicity.
Skin Tone Analysis Through Skin Tone Map Generation With Optical Approach and Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Skin tone assessment is critical in both cosmetic and medical fields, yet traditional methods like the individual typology angle (ITA) have limitations, such as sensitivity to illuminants and insensitivity to skin redness. Methods This study introduces an automated image‐based method for skin tone mapping by applying optical approaches and deep learning. The method generates skin tone maps by leveraging the illuminant spectrum, segments the skin region from face images, and identifies the corresponding skin tone on the map. The method was evaluated by generating skin tone maps under three standard illuminants (D45, D65, and D85) and comparing the results with those obtained using ITA on skin tone simulation images. Results The results showed that skin tone maps generated under the same lighting conditions as the image acquisition (D65) provided the highest accuracy, with a color difference of around 6, which is more than twice as small as those observed under other illuminants. The mapping positions also demonstrated a clear correlation with pigment levels. Compared to ITA, the proposed approach was particularly effective in distinguishing skin tones related to redness. Conclusion Despite the need to measure the illuminant spectrum and for further physiological validation, the proposed approach shows potential for enhancing skin tone assessment. Its ability to mitigate the effects of illuminants and distinguish between the two dominant pigments offers promising applications in both cosmetic and medical diagnostics.
Histology of the central nervous system of the squid, Illex illecobrosus illecobrosus (Leseur)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This thesis describes the microscopic structure of the central nervous system of the squid Illex illecebrosus illecebrosus (Lesueur), and relates it to that of other cephalopods. Organs of secretion associated with the brain are also shown together with the results of histochemical tests used to detect the presence of carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nucleic acids. -- The central nervous system of Illex is basically similar to the brains of other cephalopods. It consists of eight interconnected ganglia, some of which are divided into distinct lobes. The cerebral ganglion, situated above the esophagus, contains the association and higher motor centres of the brain, and its neurons are much smaller than the cells in the subesophageal masses. Directly below it and broadly connected to it by the anterior and posterior basal - subesophageal connectives on both sides of the esophagus lies the middle subesophageal mass which is the major source of nerves arising from the brain. The posterior subesophageal mass is separated from the middle mass by a curtain of connective tissue and has several divisions. Nerves from this ganglion innervate the mantle, fins, viscera and chromatophores. The peduncle and olfactory lobes are situated above and posterior to the optic tract. The anterior subesophageal mass, or brachial ganglion, which is separated from the central brain mass and lies just posterior and ventral to the buccal mass, innervates primarily the arms. The superior and inferior buccal ganglia are located above the anterior subesophageal mass. -- Small neurosecretory cells of two types occur in clusters within the tissue of the posterior subesophageal mass, adjacent to small blood sinuses. The components of both the optic glands and parolfactory vesicles were negative to neurosecretory stains. The colloid of the parolfactory vesicles was shown to be a mucoprotein or glycoprotein, containing little cysteine.
Development of a Chemoenzymatic-like and Photoswitchable Method for the Ordered Attachment of Proteins to Surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Protein arrays are the best tool for the rapid analysis of a whole proteome thus helping to identify all the protein/protein interactions in a living cell and they can also be used as powerful biosensors. The objective of this proposal is to develop a new entropically activated ligation method based in the naturally occurring protein trans-splicing process. This method will be used for the generation of spatially addressable arrays of multiple protein components by standard photolithographic techniques. Key to our approach is the use of the protein trans-splicing process. This naturally occurring process will allow us to create a truly generic and highly efficient method for the covalent attachment of proteins through its C-terminus to any solid support.
Successful Deployment of Ultra Smartwell Enable Maximum Reservoir Contact for Enhanced Production Recovery

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The focus of this paper is the effective implementation of an "ULTRA SMARTWELL", a smart completion system integrated with advanced remote sensing and monitoring technology, employed across a substantial long horizontal drain section. It encompasses the utilization of the longest intelligent completion design ever utilized in the UAE, extending 18,800 feet, from an offshore jack-up rig situated in Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE. This approach optimized on achieving maximum reservoir contact, leading to enhanced production recovery During the concept selection phase, a thorough engineering feasibility study was conducted. Traditional intelligent completions typically require drilling and completing various horizontal drains, increasing operational risks and costs. The innovative "ULTRA SMARTWELL" design calls for a single 8-1/2 in horizontal well and a non-cemented 7in liner with swell packers for zonal isolation and segmentation. This approach includes remote sensing and live monitoring to manage any water or gas breakthrough, greatly enhancing oil recovery. It also boasts a design that minimizes the need for interventions because surface-controlled downhole valves and gauges allow for remote well performance monitoring. The paper will examine various procedures and difficulties encountered while implementing the completion string in the lengthy horizontal segment, following post-completion intervention. This innovative deployment method also achieved considerable capital expenditure savings by cutting approx.16 days from rig operations. Additionally, a notable increase in value was achieved with enhanced hydrocarbon recovery totaling up to ~4.67 million stock tank barrels (MMSTB), attributable to remote sensing and the capacity to manage high gas/oil ratios and water/gas entry, thereby prolonging the productive life of the well.
Ideology in Popular Late Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Children's and Young Adult Literature and Film

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Texts created for the consumption of children and young adults are not simple texts made for the sole purpose of entertaining young audiences. In fact, these texts are complicated, multi-faceted texts that function both in the creation and performance of childhood. Children's and young adult literature and film disseminated mainstream ideology about young people's place in society and attempt to enculturate young readers and viewers in regards to race, gender, age, and Social class. However, by helping young people interact critically with these texts, critical thinking skills as well as a passion for reading can be fostered. In addition, by supporting young people's creative potential, more texts can be produced for children by children instead of all texts being created by adults.
Exchange Rates and Financial Fragility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction If one positive thing can be said about the Asian crisis and subsequent discussions of how to strengthen the international financial architecture, it is that they breathed new life into a moribund debate on the consequences of exchange-rate arrangements. Curiously, early contributions to post-Asia literature about how to make the world a safer financial place said little about the choice of exchange rate regime, focusing instead on transparency, prudential supervision, policy toward capital flows, and IMF reform. 1 The emphasis in recent writings is different; there, the exchange rate has taken center stage. 2 In a sense, this shift reflects a maturation of the debate---a recognition that exchange-rate policy and the other items on the architects&apos; agenda are connected. The exchange rate has an important influence on the volume capital flows. It is a key determinant of the response of local interest rates to global
A Study on Clinical Profile of Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity (APROP)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a vasoproliferative retinopathy that affects developing retinal blood vessels in very low birth weight premature infants (<1500 grams). Premature retina exposed to high concentration of oxygen, followed by abrupt withdrawal, easily undergoes uncontrolled vasculo-fibrotic proliferation and eventually results in retinal detachment. APROP is the most aggressive form of rapidly developing ROP and can cause severe visual impairments in newborns. Aim: To study the clinical profile of APROP. Materials & Methods: This retrospective case-control study was done in the Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital of Southern Odisha since 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2022. Neonates born at or before 32 weeks of gestation and/or <1500 grams birth weight admitted in neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study along with neonates born after 32 weeks gestation or birth weights between 1.5 kg & 2 kg if they had any unstable neonatal course. 42 babies developing APROP were compared with 42 controls (with ROP not more than zone 2 stage 2) who were matched for gestational age and birth weight and they were evaluated for other risk factors. Results: The mean age among cases was 24.3 whereas that of controls was 24.9. The mean birth weight among cases was 1762 grams whereas that of controls was 1820 grams. The mean gestational age among cases was 31.2 weeks whereas that of controls was 31.4 weeks. 22 (52.38%) of the cases had sepsis (CRP ≥10mg/L) as compared to 8 (19.04%) of the controls with p value < 0.001. 26 (61.90%) of the cases had oxygen exposure ≥5 days as compared to 11 (26.19%) of the controls and with p value < 0.001. 9 (21.43%) of the cases had thrombocytopenia (Platetlet count < 100000/µl) as compared to 2 (4.76%) of the controls with p value = 0.024. Conclusion: Our study thus showed sepsis, oxygen exposure ≥5 days, thrombocytopenia and blood transfusion as significant risk factors for APROP.
Occupant safety in modern passenger cars

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A study was undertaken recently for the Federal Office of Road Safety in Australia of 150 modern vehicle crashes where at least one of the vehicle occupants was admitted to hospital. The types of injuries sustained by occupants of modern Australian passenger cars involved in road crashes (including points of contact within the vehicle) were assessed to provide direction for future improvements in occupant protection. Seat belt performance in all seating positions was of particular interest. While the limited number of cases did not permit a full and detailed statistical analysis of these data, the findings nevertheless show there is scope for improving occupant protection for passengers of modern passenger cars (A).