jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Triangular Decomposition for Algebraic and Geometric Computing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this talk, we present several algorithms for decomposing systems of multivariate polynomials into triangular systems of various kinds. The algorithms have been efficiently implemented and successfully applied to numerous problems of scientific computing, ranging over computational polynomial algebra, automated geometric reasoning, solving systems of nonlinear equations, qualitative analysis of biological systems, and computer aided geometric design. We discuss some of the applications with a number of illustrative examples.
FAM107A Inactivation Associated with Promoter Methylation Affects Prostate Cancer Progression through the FAK/PI3K/AKT Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and is the second leading cause of mortality in men. Studies exploring novel therapeutic methods are urgently needed. FAM107A, a coding gene located in the short arm of chromosome3, is generally downregulated in PCa and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the downregulation of FAM107A in PCa and the mechanism of its action remain challenging to determine. This investigation found that downregulation of FAM107A expression in PCa was caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands. Furthermore, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was involved in maintaining hypermethylation. Mechanistically, overexpression of FAM107A inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, indicating that FAM107A may be a molecular brake of FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling, thus limiting the active state of the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the effect of FAM107A in PCa, and FAM107A may represent a new therapeutic target for PCa.
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains of Yersinia pestis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The in vitro activities of 14 antimicrobial agents were determined for 78 strains of Yersinia pestis. The most active antibiotics were ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, followed by ofloxacin and ampicillin. The agents traditionally used for the treatment of plague (streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol) were considerably less active. Azithromycin showed poor activity against all strains.
Re-viewing history through sound - fact or fiction?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The 20th century philosopher Paul Ricoeur said: “conflict is a function of man’s most primordial constitution”. (1986, 132) This conflict – between one’s self and one’s others, between character and personality, between feelings and thinking makes us restless and in our restlessness we are driven to create a history for ourselves. The topic of this paper is the validity of soundscapes that draw on history and whose purpose is to project a specific time and place – a temporality. This is a rich topic, which can be broken down into a number of key areas. For the purposes of this paper I will look at the following key areas: Narrative, Phenomenology, History and Memory and Representation through technology.
Ipomoea batatas LOTID 304366

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Ipomoea batatas
Common name(s): Sweetpotato
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru
Local sample unique identifier: LOTID 304366
Method of creation: In-house copy
Date: 2019
Other identifiers: n/a,CIP 444126
Historical: Yes
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Wind Energy: A Practical Power Analysis Approach

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Wind energy is one of the fastest-growing green technologies as it provides clean, safe, and renewable electricity generation. This study provides insights into the available methodologies for sustainable power harnessing using wind resources, scrutinizing the developments in the recent decades and the future potential of global wind power industries. Contrasting and comparing the expected Weibull distribution to the true frequency distribution of the actual wind speed, this research proposes an empirical equation using Polynomial Lasso Regression techniques over field data obtained from Turkey, for the instantaneous active power generated by wind turbines in practical scenarios. A detailed overview of the wind energy calculation and improvements is discussed with the existing wind power production techniques. Finally, an optimal analysis of wind power utilization in top Indian states, and inspection of potential wind power applications is carried out with respect to the Indian subcontinent.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive function: understanding the connections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review To review the connection between type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, including its epidemiology, potential mechanisms of pathophysiology, risk factors, possible prevention, and treatment considerations. Recent findings Diabetes is a risk factor for mild cognitive decline, in addition to Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Duration of diabetes, concomitant vascular or associated co-morbidities, hyper- and hypoglycemia may lead to worsening cognitive dysfunction. Unfortunately, there is a lack of evidence-based guidance on the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in the diabetes population. Studies of diabetes medications, including metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) have shown some benefit with cardiovascular morbidity and may affect cognition. In the absence of clearly defined preventive tools, diabetes practice guidelines recommend annual cognitive screening as standard of care in adults with diabetes aged 65 years or older. Summary People living with diabetes are at risk for significant decline in cognitive function. Epidemiology and risk factors are well defined. Prevention and treatment strategies are limited and require further study.
Predicting the Occurrence of Oxygenation Impairment in Patients with Type-B Acute Aortic Dissection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Complicated respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in patients with type-B acute aortic dissection (AAD) has been previously reported, and inflammatory reactions have been found to be associated with the occurrence of oxygenation impairment (OI). However, the possibility of predicting the occurrence of OI in patients with type-B AAD has not yet been evaluated. This study was performed to investigate the possibility of predicting the occurrence of OI in type-B AAD. In this study, 79 type-B AAD patients were enrolled to investigate the possibility of predicting the occurrence of OI. OI was defined as Po2/Fio2 ≤ 200. Patient characteristics, type of AAD, vital signs on admission, and the presence of inflammatory reactions obtained on admission day were evaluated. OI occurred in 39 patients (49%) on hospital day 2.5 ± 1.4 on average. Younger age, male gender, nonslender frame (body mass index ≥ 22 kg/m(2)), a relatively high maximum body temperature on the admission day (≥ 36.5°C), DeBakey IIIb type, patent false lumen, and lower Po2/Fio2 on admission were found to be associated with the occurrence of OI. Multivariate analysis revealed that nonslender frame, relatively high body temperature on the admission day, and lower Po2/Fio2 on admission were reliable for predicting the occurrence of oxygen impairment. The occurrence of OI in type-B AAD can be predicted in the clinical setting.
The Inﬂ uence of Third-Person Eff ects on Support for Restrictions of Internet Pornography among College Students in Shanghai and

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The term pornography has been loosely applied to many forms of explicit and nonexplicit depictions of human sexual activity. For some, pornography is defi ned as depictions that elicit or are intended to elicit sexual arousal in the viewer (Brown and Bryant, 1989). Others have suggested that depictions be labeled pornographic only if they include degrading and dehumanizing portrayals of women, not simply if they are sexually arousing (Dines, Jensen, and Russo, 1998). The defi nition of pornography depends on the culture of the communities, and the debate continues over what constitutes pornography and what constitutes art.
Mobile-based Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) supplementary treatment in Singapore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare has been a rising concern in Singapore, hence people are always looking for ways to improve their health for themselves or the people close to them. Traditionally in Singapore, when a person is sick they would approach a doctor whom practices western medicine from their nearby Polyclinics or various healthcare institutions that are recognized by their schools, institutions or corporations to get medical certificates to submit and prove that they are sick on that day. But most of these centers are based on western practices. However, there are other medical practices which are also reliable here in Singapore which are not based on western practices. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of the increasingly popular practices that has proved its treatment methods of using natural herbs to be effective with reduced side effects and there has been various incidents whereby a fusion of both Chinese and western treatments produced effective results. With all these, Traditional Chinese medicine is a rising treatment method in Singapore but it has yet to be recognized by most schools, institutions and corporations for their medical certificates to be valid documentations for students and staff leave of absence. Although Traditional Chinese medicine has gain certain attention from the general public but most of their information are provided in Chinese language or Chinese doctors who may not be able to communicate on a second language hence hindered their popularity among the other races here in Singapore. This project aims to create a common platform to provide information of both western and Chinese medicine to all its users on a common language focusing on English here in Singapore so as to allow other races to learn about Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicines and provide a place for all our users to share their experience with guidance of registered medical practitioners and culinary practitioners to provide their professional opinions. In this project, the web application server and database would be setup using Xampp package from apachefriends as it provides a combination of apache, mysql database & php interactions between database and client browsers.
International law and cyber conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lawyers noted that international law has successfully expanded to deal with emerging legal challenges related to air warfare, precision munitions, and noninternational armed conflict. This chapter focuses on the application of general international law and the law of armed conflict. It draws on the application of international human rights law to cyberspace operations, and efforts to control interstate cyber conflict through the development of international norms of behaviour. The continuing ambiguity in the area, caused partly by a lack of official public discourse, creates uncertainty about how international law will be applied to cyber operations. If states are driven over the threshold of armed conflict by cyberspace or other aggressive activity, international humanitarian law takes effect. Cognizant of the gaps in international law, especially with regard to civilian protections from the negative effects of cyberspace operations, several efforts to develop norms of appropriate state behaviour have been undertaken.
Direct participation: Law school clinics and international humanitarian law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Law school clinics focused on international humanitarian law (IHL) enable students to participate directly in the development and application of IHL through concrete “real world” work – from training to research and fact-finding, litigation to high-level advocacy, and many spaces in between. These opportunities do far more than just contribute to these students' development as effective, reflective lawyers, certainly a key goal of any clinical environment. Clinical IHL work also matches clinical pedagogy with cutting-edge issues in armed conflict to deepen students' law school experiences and enables them to engage in the IHL goals of promotion, implementation and enforcement.
Characterization and <i>In Vitro</i> Culture of Putative Spermatogonial Stem Cells Derived from Feline Testicular Tissue

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) function to regulate the balance of self-renewal and differentiation of male gametes. SSCs have been successfully isolated and cultured in vitro in several species, but not in feline. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to culture and characterize feline SSCs. In experiment 1, testes (n=5) from different pubertal domestic cats were cryosectioned and fluorescently immunolabeled to examine the expression of SSC (GFRα-1), differentiated spermatogonium (c-kit) and germ cell (DDX-4) markers. In experiments 2 and 3, testicular cells were digested and subsequently cultured in vitro. The resultant presumptive SSC colonies were then collected for SSC identification (experiment 2), or further cultured in vitro on feeder cells (experiment 3). Morphology, gene expression and immunofluorescence were used to identify the SSCs. Experiment 1 demonstrated that varying types of spermatogenic cells existed and expressed different germ cell/SSC markers. A rare population of putative SSCs located at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules was specifically identified by co-expression of GFRα-1 and DDX-4. Following enzymatic digestion, grape-like colonies formed by 13-15 days of culture. These colonies expressed GFRA1 and ZBTB16, but did not express KIT. Although we successfully isolated and cultured feline SSCs in vitro, the SSCs could only be maintained for 57 days. In conclusion, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that putative SSCs from testes of pubertal domestic cats can be isolated and cultured in vitro. These cells exhibited SSC morphology and expressed SSC-specific genes. However, long-term culture of these putative SSCs was compromised.
Medical Residents’ Viewpoints on Clinical Training Status of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical training is an important process in residency academic program in different fields. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we identified the views of clinical residents about clinical training status at Yazd University of Medical Sciences at their second-year of residency or above. We used questionnaire as the instrument for collecting information and select all residents as the sample of study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. Clinical training status was assessed to be at an intermediate level by residents, and the areas of evaluation method, resources and facilities, training system, performance, performance of personnel of therapeutic departments, and resident’s performance received the highest score, respectively. Areas of evaluation method and facilities were determined as strengths, and areas of the performance of therapeutic department’s personnel and residents as the weaknesses of clinical training.
[Myocardial 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy during bicycle ergometry as a method of evaluating the severity of chronic ischemic heart disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The time course of myocardial 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation 1 hour after a bicycle ergometric test versus the resting scintigraphic findings was correlated with the severity of chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) and long-term prognosis. A group of the patients who had higher radiotracer accumulation following the exercise showed the most severe disease and unfavorable prognosis (in this group 19.4% deaths were observed during a three-year follow-up). A single administration of 99mTc-pyrophosphate followed by scintigraphy 2 hours after bicycle ergometry and repeated scintigraphy 1 hour later allows one to assess the time course of myocardial radiotracer accumulation and to judge how the myocardium is supplied by blood.
Zoledronic acid inhibits proliferation of human fibrosarcoma cells with induction of apoptosis, and shows combined effects with other anticancer agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Third-generation bisphosphonates are known to inhibit bone resorption and also appear to exhibit direct anti-tumour activity. We previously reported that third-generation bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) have a direct antitumour effect, and synergistically augment the effects of antitumor agents in osteosarcoma cells. There has been no report on the antitumor effect of ZOL against soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of this drug on a human fibrosarcoma cell line, in terms of proliferation and apoptosis, and, moreover, to evaluate the combined effects of ZOL with other antitumor drugs against the human fibrosarcoma cell line. HT1080 cells were treated with ZOL at various concentrations up to 10 microM, and then cell proliferation, cell cycle, nuclear morphology, and Western blot analyses were performed to study the antitumor effects of ZOL alone, and, moreover, HT1080 cells were treated with ZOL and other anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, cisplatin, or methotrexate to investigate the combined effects using proliferation and cell cycle analyses. We found that ZOL strongly inhibited in vitro proliferation, arrested the cell cycle between S and G2/M phases, and induced the apoptosis of human fibrosarcoma cells. Moreover, ZOL augmented the effect of antitumor agents when administered concurrently with paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and cisplatin in human fibrosarcoma cells. The treatment of fibrosarcoma with ordinary antitumor drugs is not fully effective. These findings suggest that ZOL directly affects the proliferation and survival of fibrosarcoma cells, and that the combined administration of ZOL with other antitumor agents may improve the efficacy of fibrosarcoma treatment. These results support the possibility that their combined use could be beneficial in the treatment of patients not only with various types of cancer or osteosarcoma, but also with soft tissue sarcoma.
Effect of nanofillers on mechanical and water absorption properties of alkaline treated flax/PLA fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural fibre reinforced polymer nanocomposites are gaining recognition in various technical areas like aerospace, defence, construction, and automobiles due to their low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the incompatibility between natural fibre and polymer matrices and the higher water absorption percentage of natural fibre is restricting their utilization in structural and semi-structural applications. To overcome these limitations, surface treatment of natural fibre and nanofiller addition into the polymer matrices have become among the most valuable ways to improve natural fibre composite performance. This work examined the alkaline-treated and untreated flax/polylactic acid (PLA) fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites, in which alumina and magnesia were used as nanofillers. The effect of surface treatment and nanofillers was explored in terms of mechanical properties (compression and interlaminar shear), water absorption behaviour, and morphology of composites. Substantial enhancements in compressive and interlaminar shear strengths were reported, as well as a notable reduction in the amount of water absorbed. The optimal nanofiller concentration was 3% in alkaline-treated and untreated flax/PLA fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposite. The results reveal that nanofillers combined with surface treatment can appreciably improve developed laminates' mechanical and water absorption properties, making them feasible for furniture, packaging, automobiles, and structural applications.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF WHOLE PLANT OF LUFFA CYLINDRICA (LINN) AGAINST SOME COMMON PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANISMS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this present investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of pet ether and chloroform extract of whole plant of Luffa cylindrica (Linn) by in-vitro method in agar plate against ten bacterial and four fungal species. The extract was prepared from the whole plant of Luffa cylindrica (Linn) by hot continuous percolation method in Soxhlet apparatus with various solvents (Pet ether & Chloroform). The minimum inhibitory concentration of the various extract range from 266.66µg/ml to 66.66µg/ml on tested bacteria and fungai. The maximum antibacterial activity of chloroform extract of whole plant of Luffa cylindrica (Linn) was found at 200.00µg/ml than that of petroleum ether extract. The significant antifungal activity of chloroform extract was found at 266.66µg/ml than that of petroleum ether extract. The antimicrobial activity was showed at concentration dependent. The results of the above study clearly indicated that the chloroform extract of whole plant of Luffa cylindrica (Linn) was found significant antibacterial and antifungal activity which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various diseases and can be used in alternative system of medicine.
Retraction: Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates pro‐inflammatory responses triggered by TNFα in primary human monocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The following article from Journal of Cellular Physiology, ‘Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates pro-inflammatory responses triggered by TNFα in primary human monocytes’ by Liang Zhi, Bernard P. Leung and Alirio J. Melendez, published online on March 30, 2006, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and in Volume 208, pp. 109–115, has been retracted by the journal Editor in Chief, Dr. Gary S. Stein, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been made due to concern regarding duplication of Figure 2, panel A, in Journal of Cellular Physiology with Figure 2, panel A, in the following article: ‘Antisense Knockdown of Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Human Macrophages Inhibits C5a Receptor-Dependent Signal Transduction, Ca2+ Signals, Enzyme Release, Cytokine Production, and Chemotaxis’ by Alirio J. Melendez and Farazeela Bte Mohd Ibrahim, Journal of Immunology, Volume 173, pp. 1596–1603.
Anthemis tricolor Containing Unusual Totarol with Cytotoxic and Acetylcholinesterase‐Inhibitory Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Anthemis tricolor is an endemic species of Cyprus, and there is very limited information on its chemistry and pharmacological activities. The study aims to identify the in‐vitro cytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of Anthemis tricolor . The compounds responsible for the activities were also identified. Potent extracts of A. tricolor were subjected to preparative isolation and spectral structure determination studies. The chloroform extract contained many components, and due to the small quantity of extract available, enough pure compound(s) cannot be obtained for structure determination studies, though the n‐ hexane extract afforded two known compounds, totarol ( 1 ) and taraxasterol ( 2 ). The structures of the compounds ( 1 and 2 ) were determined by 1 H and 13 C NMR experiments. The pure compounds were also tested for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. For compound 1 , the IC 50 value was found to be 87.88 μg/mL. However, no inhibition was seen for 2 . Anthemis tricolor was established to be a valuable source of pharmacologically active compounds and requires further studies.