jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ATP-dependent carbon transport in perfused Chara cells

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Carbon transport across the plasma membrane, and carbon fixation were measured in perfused Chara internodal cells. These parameters were measured in external media of pH 5.5 and pH 8.5, where CO2 and HCO3- are, respectively, the predominant carbon species in both light and dark conditions. Cells perfused with medium containing ATP could utilize both CO2 and HCO3- from the external medium in the light. Photosynthetic carbon fixation activity was always higher at pH 5.5 than at pH 8.5. When cells were perfused either with medium containing hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose to deplete ATP from the cytosol (HK medium) or with medium containing vanadate, a specific inhibitor of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (V medium), photosynthetic carbon fixation was strongly inhibited at both pH 5.5 and 8.5. Perfusion of cells with medium containing pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to maximally activate the H+-ATPase (PK medium), stimulated the photosynthetic carbon fixation activities. Oxygen evolution of isolated chloroplasts and the carbon fixation of cells supplied C-14 intracellularly were not inhibited by perfusion media containing either hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose or vanadate. The results indicate that Chara cells possess CO2 and HCO3- transport systems energized by ATP and sensitive to vanadate in the light. In the dark, intact cells also fix carbon. By contrast, in cells perfused with medium containing ATP, no carbon fixation was detected in 1 mol m-3 total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) at pH 8-5. By increasing TDIC to 10 mol m-3, dark fixation became detectable, although it was still lower than that of intact cells at 1 mol m-3 TDIC. Addition of PEP or PEP and PEP carboxylase to the perfusion media significantly increased the dark-carbon fixation. Perfusion with vanadate had no effect on the dark-carbon fixation.
Queering Transformative Learning: The Unfolding of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Ally Lives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and ally (LGBTQIA) lives remain complex at a time when LGBTQIA individuals and communities, as sexual and gender minorities, face unequal rights throughout the world. For those who may be coming out of the closet (revealing their identities to others) or coming to understand their own sexuality and gender, family, friends, and the local community may be more or less supportive of their choice to come out. Transformative learning is a helpful theory for understanding the shifting landscape of LGBTQIA lives, whether shifting due to time or location. The complexity of LGBTQIA lives leads to an unfolding of personal identity through time given this rapidly shifting landscape.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article discusses the features of the theory and practice of circular economics, which is being developed in modern conditions. The author notes that at the present stage, the paradigm of the cyclical economy includes a wide range of strategies covering the holistic transformation of business, increasing the share of renewable and secondary resources or their replacement, digitalization of business, the introduction of Industry 4.0 plans, as well as the adoption of other production-consumption models moving from the current model of conventional business to a circular economy, such as the product-service system. However, since the transition to a cyclical economy is not guaranteed at all, the production-consumption system should include the ability to adapt and positively transform when necessary.
A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 Is a Novel Mediator of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Function in Angiogenesis and Is Associated With Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective— To elucidate the downstream mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a key receptor in angiogenesis, which has been associated with atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability. Methods and Results— By using a yeast–2-hybrid assay, we identified A D isintegrin A nd M etalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) as a novel binding partner of VEGFR2. ADAM10 is a metalloprotease with sheddase activity involved in cell migration; however, its exact function in endothelial cells (ECs), angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis is largely unknown. For the first time to our knowledge, we show ADAM10 expression in human atherosclerotic lesions, associated with plaque progression and neovascularization. We demonstrate ADAM10 expression and activity in ECs to be induced by VEGF; also, ADAM10 mediates the ectodomain shedding of VEGFR2. Furthermore, VEGF induces ADAM10-mediated cleavage of vascular endothelium (VE)-cadherin, which could increase vascular permeability and facilitate EC migration. Indeed, VEGF increases vascular permeability in an ADAM10- and ADAM17-dependent way; inhibition of ADAM10 reduces EC migration and chemotaxis. Conclusion— These data provide the first evidence of ADAM10 expression in atherosclerosis and neovascularization. ADAM10 plays a functional role in VEGF-induced EC function. These data open perspectives for novel therapeutic interventions in vascular diseases.
Refining the features transferred from pre-trained inception architecture for aerial scene classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Feature selection plays a vital role in image classification task. With the advent of deep learning, significant efforts have been made in developing deep architectures with the aim of getting relevant features. Moreover, deep architectures require large number of training data and also the training time is very high. Due to scarcity of high-dimensional remote-sensing images, many researchers adopted pre-trained deep architectures as feature extractors. When transferring these large number of features to train the classification layer, the network still overfits, yielding inaccurate classification results. To overcome this issue to some extent, we proposed two feature ranking methods to further refining the features transferred from pre-trained inception architecture for scene classification task. Another important fact is that down sampling large images to the input size of the pre-trained architecture causes loss of some informative pixels, so in our framework, we fed image patches of size equal to the size of the input layer of the pre-trained inception and then the features extracted from all the patches are combined. Finally, we compared our framework with some existing methods and obtained acceptable results.
Importance Factor Analysis on Mobility Facilities for the Transportation Disabled by Using Structural Equation Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

현재 수립된 대부분의 교통약자관련 이동편의증진계획에서는 투자우선순위를 결정함에 있어 교통약자 이동편의시설의 설치율과 만족도간의 중요도(요인 적재량)에 대한 분석 없이 설치율 또는 만족도가 낮은 항목을 우선적으로 고려하여 투자우선순위를 결정하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 구조방정식(SEM: Structural Equation Model)을 이용하여 외생잠재변수(Exogenous Latent Variables)와 내생잠재변수(Endogenous Latent Variables)간의 인과관계를 통계적으로 검증하고 설치율과 만족도를 동시에 고려한 교통약자 이동편의시설의 투자우선순위 결정모형을 제시하였다. 분석결과 이동편의 시설가운데 이용자 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 시설로는 버스정류장, 횡단보도, 보도 순으로 분석되었다. 버스정류장시설 중 정류장연석의 높이, 보도시설 중 보도의 평탄성 그리고 횡단보도시설 중 보행신호등 설치에 대한 중요도가 높게 분석되었다. In most of mobility enhancing plans for the transportation disabled, decisions for the investment priorities are firstly made by the facilities that have lower installation rate or lower satisfaction rate; the decisions are made without analyzing the importance factor (path loading factor) between the facility installation rate and the satisfaction rate together. In this study, a novel method of finding causality between the exogenous latent variables and the endogenous latent variables is provided by using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that the most influential facilities for the transportation disabled are bus stops, crosswalks and sidewalks in order. Also, a curb height around bus stops, a smoothness of sidewalks and installation of crosswalks traffic light are identified as an important facilities for the Transportation disabled.
Post-Tantric Teleology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Teleological thinking is widely regarded as problematic in modern philosophy, especially where it is tied to soteriological models or ontologically fixed end states. In tantric traditions, by contrast, teleology is constitutive and normatively effective. This preprint develops a post-tantric teleology that preserves normative orientation while relinquishing finalistic closure. Drawing on a dynamic model of orientation without completion, the essay distinguishes between immanent spiral dynamics and a transversal return that stands orthogonal to them. In engaging the concept of the Brahmacakra in the work of P. R. Sarkar, the essay argues that the normative return movement can be preserved without collapsing into identity-based soteriology. Return is interpreted as a stable, repeatable relation enacted through practice—particularly meditation—rather than as an attainable final state. The essay proposes a systematic clarification of tantric teleology under the conditions of modern discursive rationality, articulating a form of teleology without soteriology that remains normatively robust while structurally open.
Tribological properties of stainless steel for artificial hip joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The study of tribology on artificial hip joints bearing surfaces has been carried out for many decades. The analysis of the tribological interactions at the bearing surfaces gave researchers many insights as to whether which combination of materials used were suitable for the application. Over the years, the most widely used materials combination for the bearings had been constantly changing with the polymer-on-metal or polymer-on-ceramics being the current leading choice in the market today. However, abrupt failure of artificial hip joints was still commonly reported due to the unpredictable tribological behaviours of the bearing surfaces. Nevertheless, continual studies on tribology have bridged new frontiers in the orthopaedic industry by finding more and more ideal bearing materials. There are still many exciting and unknown possibilities to explore in the world of tribology, especially in joint applications due to the many parameters affecting it. One of these grey areas is the exact effect of wear debris particles on the survivorship of artificial hip joints. In this project, The Author look to identify some of the key trends in specific wear rates and friction coefficient found in earlier reports for metal-on-metal and polymer-on-metal bearing surfaces. He will then design and conduct numerous pin-on-disk experiments to come up with a suitable set of parameters for study and then proceed to determining these trends on stainless steel-on-stainless steel and polymer-on-stainless steel bearing surfaces. All experiments were to be conducted on highly polished stainless steel surfaces. He would also analyze the wear debris particles in terms of its morphology and size, and lastly seek a better understanding of tribo-corrosion in wear experiments. The studies will provide useful information about artificial joints with stainless steel components in it. It will give a better idea of the suitability of stainless steel with the materials that were being tested through the analysis of their friction coefficient and wear rates. The wear debris particle results would also help in understanding the effects it has on the survival of artificial hip joints. Thus, the findings in this project will prove very useful and eligible for future reference in the study of artificial joints and its corresponding wear interactions.
Research Progress in Prediction of Crop Heterosis by Using Molecular Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heterosis in crops is a complicated quantitative trait.Molecular markers can be used to estimate the genetic difference between the parents,further to some extent to predict heterosis in crops.By increasing the number of special markers related to heterosis and selecting parental materials from the same heterosis population,the accuracy of crop heterosis prediction can be improved.The genetic mechanism of heterosis in crops is still needed to be deeply studied.
Innovation strategies and productivity in the Polish services sector in the light of CIS 2008

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Industry - and firm-level research into both innovations and productivity has long been limited to manufacturing. With this paper, we aim to contribute to the stream of literature that aims at extending the scope of such investigations to the services industry. To this end we analyze the innovation strategies in several service sectors in Poland in 2008 and examine their relationship to productivity. Our results show that service firms differ considerably in their innovation strategies, but that most of those strategies lead to productivity gains.
Combining methods for accuracy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Individual methods have weaknesses, as well as strengths. Crystallization of a biological macromolecule requires conditions favourable for that process which aren’t always close to the physiological conditions. The probe itself may cause damage and use of cryo-conditions may cause atom movements or induce low-affinity binders to reside in a site which are not present at physiological temperatures; these are artefactual structural details. Comparing methods in structural biology is very informative, therefore, and results can be combined if appropriate. Several examples are provided in detail in case studies in this chapter and in Chapter 13. Rms differences between structures can be compared with the Cruickshank (1999) estimate for individual X-ray crystal structures. Simultaneous measurements on the same sample can also be feasible, such as SAXS with SANS as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy in the case study described, but it is an approach in its infancy.
Leading The Witness: Pediatric Palliative Program Improvement Through Instructional Investigation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Palliative Care consultation can often be limited primarily to the practice areas of those staffing the program. In Pediatrics, this is further complicated by the difficulties of prognostication in chronically-ill children and confusion surrounding the purpose of Palliative Care in a non-terminal but seriously ill child. Quality Improvement initiatives that are limited to directive interventions, such as consult triggers or structured educational offerings, can often be viewed as invasive or presumptuous by colleagues that see palliative practice as part of their own specialty. In these circumstances, we have found …
Reply on CC1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Snow height measurements are still the backbone of any snow cover monitoring whether based on modeling or remote sensing. These ground-based measurements are often realized with the use of ultrasonic or laser technologies. In challenging environments, such as high alpine regions, the quality of sensor measurements deteriorates quickly, especially in the presence of extreme weather conditions or ephemeral snow conditions. Moreover, the sensors by their nature measure the height of an underlying object and are therefore prone to return other information, such as the height of vegetation, in snow-free periods. Quality assessment and real-time classification of automated snow height measurements is therefore desirable in order to provide high-quality data for research and operational applications. To this end, we propose CleanSnow, a machine learning approach to automated classification of snow height measurements into a snow cover class and a class corresponding to everything else, which takes into account both the temporal context and the dependencies between snow height and other sensor measurements. We created a new dataset of manually annotated snow height measurements, which allowed us to train our models in a supervised manner as well as quantitatively evaluate our results. Through a series of experiments and ablation studies to evaluate feature importance and compare several different models, we validated our design choices and demonstrate the importance of using temporal information together with information from auxiliary sensors. CleanSnow achieved a high accuracy and represents a new baseline for further research in the field. The presented approach to snow height classification finds its use in various tasks, ranging from snow modeling to climate science.
Determinants of safe water handling at the household level in an urban informal settlement in Kampala City, Uganda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Maintaining a safe water chain is a challenge to many households (HHs) in urban informal settlements in Kasubi Parish, Kampala City, Uganda. We aimed to investigate the determinants of safe water handling among residents in Kasubi. The cross-sectional study was carried out among 426 residents in Kasubi. We collected data on participants' water handling practices, individual and technological factors. We scored eight-participant variables on water handling practices and dichotomized the total score using 80% of Bloom's criteria to determine the overall water handling practice level. We used modified Poisson regression to examine associations between HH safe water handling practice level and individual technological factors. Analysis was conducted using Stata v15. Safe water handling level was found to be low (31.5%). Determinants: Semi-detached house (adjusted Prevalence Ratio, aPR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.05–3.80, p = 0.033), round-trip time for water collection 16–40 min (aPR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.07–4.34, p = 0.032), perception that water received is unclean (aPR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.01–2.43, p = 0.046), storage container &gt; 20 litres (aPR = 3.56, 95% CI 1.25–10.14, p = 0.018) and detached house (aPR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.82, p = 0.014). Suboptimal safe water handling levels observed among HHs in Kasubi are determined by participants' perception of water cleanliness, water source distance and housing type.
Rethinking the human-readability infrastructure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Character encodings and text editing widgets and applications together form the current human-readability infrastructure. We outline an alternative human-readability infrastructure that is simultaneously appropriate for textual formats and binary runtime data structures. Our approach consists of a binary metaformat and corresponding language-independent structure editor. Here we describe our prototype editor, its suitability to supersede text editors, and several case studies that explore its immediate and repeat benefit to various content domains.
Development of Symphysio Fundal Height Curve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To Develop a symphysio fundal height(SFH) curve of pregnant women from 20 weeks of pregnancy onwards; and to find out the relationship of fundal height with different variables. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted from 1st january 2010 to 31st December 2010 on 159 patients with gestation age less than 20 weeks at entry in the OPD of Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Shere-e Bangla Nagar, Dhaka,Bangladesh. All the patients were followed up till delivery. Results: The measurements of SFH obtained on the basis of 10, 50th and 90th percentiles and the rate of growth of SFH was approximately 5 mm per week from 24 weeks to 36 weeks and thereafter it was 5-6 mm per week till 40 weeks.Patients with higher socioeconomic class had higher symphysio fundal height.SFH is less in younger subjects. SFH increases with increased height,weight,gestational age,gravidity of mothers and birth weight of the baby.Multiparous was predominant and more than one third (34.6%) of the study patients height belonged to 1.51 - 1.60 meters. The mean±SD gestational age was 39.2±1.4 weeks with range from 28 to 41 weeks. Low birth weight was found 17.0% and the mean±SD birth weight was 2.8±0.4 kg with range from 1.9 to 3.8 kg. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(1): 20-24
Scaphoideus albovittatus Matsumura 1914

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scaphoideus albovittatus Matsumura, 1914 (Figs. 1 A, F, K, 4A–G) Scaphoideus albovittatus Matsumura, 1914:224; Okada, 1977: 192; Li & Wang, 1991: 188; Cai & Shen, 1999: 243; Cai & Shen, 2002: 276; Kamitani & Hayashi, 2013: 515; Chen et al, 2015: 339. Scaphoideus albivittatus [sic] Li and Chen, 2002: 197; Li & Wang, 2006:184; Li et al., 2007: 160; Xing & Li, 2010: 137; Li et al., 2011: 209. Material examined. 1♂, Guangxi, Sanlian, 14. vi. 2009, Yao Jian (IOZ). Distribution. China (Guangxi, Zhejiang, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet); Japan, Korea, Russia. Remarks. This species was adequately described by Okada (1977) and Kamitani & Hayashi (2013). Here we provide more detailed illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia.
Use of a Bayesian maximum-likelihood classifier to generate training data for brain–machine interfaces

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain–machine interface decoding algorithms need to be predicated on assumptions that are easily met outside of an experimental setting to enable a practical clinical device. Given present technological limitations, there is a need for decoding algorithms which (a) are not dependent upon a large number of neurons for control, (b) are adaptable to alternative sources of neuronal input such as local field potentials (LFPs), and (c) require only marginal training data for daily calibrations. Moreover, practical algorithms must recognize when the user is not intending to generate a control output and eliminate poor training data. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a Bayesian maximum-likelihood estimation strategy to address the issues of isolating quality training data and self-paced control. Six animal subjects demonstrate that a multiple state classification task, loosely based on the standard center-out task, can be accomplished with fewer than five engaged neurons while requiring less than ten trials for algorithm training. In addition, untrained animals quickly obtained accurate device control, utilizing LFPs as well as neurons in cingulate cortex, two non-traditional neural inputs.