jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of Fe-Ni-Laterites from Bauxites Using a Novel Support Vector Machines-Based Methodology on Sentinel-2 Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Currently, the global shift towards green energy is at the forefront of efforts introducing a new era, thus rendering exploration for critical raw materials essential. To this purpose, the utilization of advanced machine learning methods in remote sensing has emerged as a rapid and cost-effective approach. This study proposes a new methodology, utilizing Sentinel-2 satellite data, to distinguish ferronickel (Fe-Ni-) laterite from bauxite across pre-mining, mining, and post-mining occurrences worldwide. Both ores contain mineral raw materials such as nickel, iron, cobalt, and alumina and their discrimination is generally macroscopically challenging, especially when their locations are often in geographical proximity. The proposed method is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification using spectral signatures of known Fe-Ni-laterite and bauxite-bearing pixels in Greece, Cuba, and Jamaica. The highest classification accuracies are obtained by combining b12 with b6 or b7 spectral bands. Comparisons with specific ore mineralogies show that b6 and b7 are strongly linked to the ferric phase, while b12 is mainly associated with the argillic mineralogies, the latter probably being the key discriminating factor between the two ores. From laboratory chemical analyses, we also establish that b12 and b6 or b7 are strongly associated with Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content correspondingly. The proposed method is accurate, it has reduced prospection costs, and it can facilitate the initial screening of broad areas by automatically characterizing whether an ore is bauxite or Fe-Ni-laterite. This underscores the methodology’s significance in ore differentiation and exploration within the context of green energy endeavors.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FARMERS’ CROP CHOICE IN HOOGHLY DISTRICT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agriculture is an important sector that sustains human life and supports economies worldwide. The selection of crops by farmers is a multifaceted decision process, influenced by a numerous of factors ranging from environmental conditions to economic considerations and sociocultural factors. This article presents a comprehensive review of the key factors influencing farmers' crop choice in Hooghly district of West Bengal under New Alluvial Agro-climatic Zone, drawing insights from various studies and research conducted across different regions and agricultural systems. Understanding these factors can contribute to the development of informed policies and strategies to enhance agricultural productivity and food security in a changing world.
Parameter estimation of a DC-DC converter using an extended Kalman filter for fault detection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

DC/DC converters are used frequently in the power supply system of a satellite. Its reliability and maintainability is very important, therefore, the early stage diagnosis of potential parameter failure is very important for reducing stopping time, predictive maintenance and fault-tolerant system. In this project, the objective was to build a DC-DC Buck converter for fulfilling the requirements of parameter estimation using Kalman filter. To prevent the EMI noise affects sampling the desired signal, efforts were made to undo the EMI noise, such as adding a snubber circuit, adding a EMI filter. Other additional components were also added to improve the output voltage. A digital feedback control was incorporated to the Buck converter by using a MCU. The program design was introduced. Another Buck converter as a backup converter which is the same as the first one was built for replacement as the failure was detected in the first one. Finally, a hot-swap circuit was added to the circuits for preventing the inrush current while the backup Buck converter was first time to connect.
A New Fingerprint Sequences Matching Algorithm for Content-Based Copy Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Content-based copy detection (CBCD) is more and more important in the field of information security, assurance, copyright protection etc. The sequences matching, one of the key technologies in CBCD, is very critical for querying quickly and accurately. In this paper, we propose a novel fingerprint sequences matching algorithm based on the dynamic programming. This method is universal to all kinds of fingerprint sequences matching. We examined this method with experiments at last in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate it's effective in sequences matching.
An Overview of Adolescents Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Provision in Malaysia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Safer sex provision, including contraception information and services, should be made available to adolescents regardless of their marital status in strategies to reduce the incidence of unintended teenage pregnancies and the spread of STIs. In Malaysia, this information is still not being delivered formally to adolescents even though unintended teenage pregnancies and the practice of "baby dumping" are serious public health issues. The aims of this article are to describe the Malaysian context in terms of the need for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information and treatment for unmarried adolescents. The article presents the key aspects of Malaysian society and the potential influence on the provision and delivery of sexual and reproductive health information and treatment to unmarried Malaysian adolescents that can be a reference for healthcare professionals especially school health nurses. The article also describes the establishment of sheltered homes, baby hatches and unregulated adoption processes as the initiatives being taken to address the issue of unintended teenage pregnancies. This article suggests that the policy and laws that require parental consent for accessing the services need to be reviewed and revised to ensure that specific services are available to adolescents in a safe environment that maintains confidentiality.
Supplementary Tables from Unique and Novel Urinary Metabolomic Features in Malignant versus Benign Adrenal Neoplasms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Pathological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Training Set, Pathological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Validation Set, Summary Findings of Features, Features Identified by Phase of Chromatography and Ionization</p>
Study of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Aural Swab and Aetiological Factors of Chronic Otitis Media-Active Mucosal Type

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) refers to chronic inflammation of mucoperiosteal lining of middle ear cleft resulting in aural discharge and deafness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and aetiological factors of COM. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 for duration of one year among the patients who attended with COM- active mucosal disease at Department of ENT & Head Neck Surgry, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Chattogram. Total 50 cases were isolated and among them 5 cases had been suffering from bilateral COM. Aural swab was taken from 55 ears and a predesigned data collection sheet was duly filled up with the information of socioeconomic status of the patient. The laboratory records of every case was systematically organized. The data were analyzed with simple manual analysis using percentage and frequency. Results: About 24% patients were in 31-40 years age group. Out of 50 patients 62% were male. 44% patient lived in barrack. Ear cleaning habit shows, 32% has got the cleaning habit with cloth and stick. Out of 50 patients 5 had bilateral COM. So out of 55 ears, Culture & sensitivity test viewed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most predominant organism - 41.8% followed by S. aureus- 30.9% Antibiotic sensitivity profile shows, 80% cases showing sensitivity to Amikacin then gentamycin-73.3% Resistant 5 cases showed 100% sensitivity to Tazobactum. Again out of 19 cases of Gram positive organism 78.9% were sensitive to Amoxyclav. 3 resistant cases showed 100% sensitivity to Meropenem. Conclusion: By studying this topic we hope to able to make an idea about the aetiological and predisposing factors and antibiotic sensitivity of COM-active mucosal variety. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 111-116
Honey: A Facilitating Medicine for Dermatological Wound Care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Honey is a nutritional food with health-promoting properties. Antiseptics are topical agents that act to prevent growth of microorganisms. A range of Apis florea bee honey from Karnataka was used to investigate the prevention of infection and promote healing of wounds in rat models as honey is a tissue-regenerative agent. It contributes to all stages of wound healing, and thus has been used in direct topical application and also in dressings. Most honey samples with various dilutions have proved to possess, significant antibacterial potency against selected bacterial isolates by disc diffusion assay. The Coorg honey of Apis florea species showed highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with 19.26±0.23 mm and the least susceptibility was recorded for bacterial strain Erwinia nigrifluens (ATCC 21922) with 8.97±0.48 mm. The Kolar honey of Apis florea species showed highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 31443) with 8.79±0.16 mm and least susceptibility was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with 7.01±0.55 mm. The Bengaluru honey of Apis florea species showed highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with 9.95±0.23 mm and least susceptibility was recorded for E. coli (ATCC 25891) with 6.27±0.22 mm. The present study also checked the wound healing ability of honey when applied topically in several rat models. The control rats were healed by 20 ± 1.07 days. The Kanamycin treated rats were healed on 10±1.45 days. 13 ±1.07days were recorded to heal the wounds by Apis florea honey samples of Abbe Falls, Coorg regions. 18 ±1.54 days and 17 ±1.03 days were recorded against Champion Reef regions of Kolar district and Varthur regions of Bengaluru district.
Data from Adoptive Transfer of MAGE-A4 T-cell Receptor Gene-Transduced Lymphocytes in Patients with Recurrent Esophageal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Preparative lymphodepletion, the temporal ablation of the immune system, has been reported to promote persistence of transferred cells along with increased rates of tumor regression in patients treated with adoptive T-cell therapy. However, it remains unclear whether lymphodepletion is indispensable for immunotherapy with T-cell receptor (TCR) gene–engineered T cells.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We conducted a first-in-man clinical trial of TCR gene-transduced T-cell transfer in patients with recurrent MAGE-A4–expressing esophageal cancer. The patients were given sequential MAGE-A4 peptide vaccinations. The regimen included neither lymphocyte-depleting conditioning nor administration of IL2. Ten patients, divided into 3 dose cohorts, received T-cell transfer.</p><p><b>Results:</b> TCR-transduced cells were detected in the peripheral blood for 1 month at levels proportional to the dose administered, and in 5 patients they persisted for more than 5 months. The persisting cells maintained <i>ex vivo</i> antigen-specific tumor reactivity. Despite the long persistence of the transferred T cells, 7 patients exhibited tumor progression within 2 months after the treatment. Three patients who had minimal tumor lesions at baseline survived for more than 27 months.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that TCR-engineered T cells created by relatively short-duration <i>in vitro</i> culture of polyclonal lymphocytes in peripheral blood retained the capacity to survive in a host. The discordance between T-cell survival and tumor regression suggests that multiple mechanisms underlie the benefits of preparative lymphodepletion in adoptive T-cell therapy. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2268–77. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The Dubbing Theatre of Dubliners: Dubbing, Voiceovers and Post-synchronisation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As an early blueprint to Finnegans Wake, 'the book of Doublends Jined" (Joyce, 1971, 20:16), Dubliners reads as an exercise in overlapping surfaces and interpretive schizophrenia. Most readers tend to agree on the book's manipulation of dead clichés and paralytic cases, though to some, such as Carle Bonafous-Murat, the book operates as a comic success, "une oeuvre profondément comique voire farcesque" (Bonafous-Murat, 1999, 131), a comic reading for which the best emblem in the book would be ...
Benzothiazole derivatives in the design of antitumor agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Benzothiazoles are a class of heterocycles with multiple applications as anticancer, antibiotic, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory agents. Benzothiazole is a privileged scaffold in drug discovery programs for modulating a variety of biological functions. This review focuses on the design and synthesis of new benzothiazole derivatives targeting hypoxic tumors. Cancer is a major health problem, being among the leading causes of death. Tumor‐hypoxic areas promote proliferation, malignancy, and resistance to drug treatment, leading to the dysregulation of key signaling pathways that involve drug targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, dual‐specificity protein kinase, cyclin‐dependent protein kinases, casein kinase 2, Rho‐related coil formation protein kinase, tunica interna endothelial cell kinase, cyclooxygenase‐2, adenosine kinase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors, thioredoxin, heat shock proteins, and carbonic anhydrase IX/XII. In turn, they regulate angiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival, controlling the cell cycle, inflammation, the immune system, and metabolic alterations. A wide diversity of benzothiazoles were reported over the last years to interfere with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and, more specifically, in hypoxic tumors. Many hypoxic targets are overexpressed as a result of the hypoxia‐inducible factor activation cascade and may not be present in normal tissues, providing a potential strategy for selectively targeting hypoxic cancers.
Optimizing choice of skin surrogates for surface guided stereotactic body radiotherapy of lung lesions using four-dimensional computed tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Image-guided radiotherapy supported by surface guidance can help track lower lung lesion respiratory motion while reducing a patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation. However, it is not always clear how skin respiratory motion magnitudes and correlations with lung lesion respiratory motion vary between different skin regions of interest (ROI). Four-dimensional Computed Tomography (4DCT) images provide information on both skin and lung respiratory motion and are routinely acquired for the purpose of treatment planning in our institution. Analysis of 4DCT images for 57 patients treated in our institution has been conducted to provide information on respiratory motion magnitudes of nine skin ROIs of the torso, a tracking structure (TS) representing lower lung lobe lesion, as well as respiratory motion correlations between nine ROIs and TS. The effects of gender and adipose tissue volume and distribution on these correlations and magnitudes have been analyzed. Significant differences between ROIs in both respiratory motion magnitudes and correlations to TS have been detected. An overall negative correlation between ROI respiratory magnitudes and the adipose tissue has been detected for ROIs with rib cage support. A weak to moderate negative correlation between adipose tissue volume and ROI-to-TS respiratory correlations has been detected for upper thorax ROIs. Respiratory magnitudes in regions without rib support tended to be larger for men than for women, but no differences in ROI-to-TS correlation between sexes have been detected. Described findings should be considered when choosing skin surrogates for lower lung lesion motion management.
Are Spatial and Systems Thinking Skills Identified in Turkish Primary Science Curriculum Enough for Geography Education?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, individuals need a solid understanding of how earth as a system works in order to understand and develop solutions for science-based issues affecting societies on a global scale such as natural disasters, global warming or COVID-19 pandemic. Humans also deliberate space investigations, such as interplanetary travels and life in space. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new skills to meet the requirements of the current world order overcome this kind of issues through science and geography education. Spatial and systems thinking skills are two of 21st century skills in teaching and learning science-related topics. The study purposes to examine current Turkish primary science curriculum regarding these skills. Document analysis method of qualitative research design was implemented in the study. Emergent qualitative analysis methods of content analysis and open coding were used. It is sought to analyze the research literature on geography education in order to delineate competences necessary for understanding societal problems related to earth science and astronomy-based physics units considering Turkish primary science curriculum framework. The findings of the study showed that the competences spatial and systems thinking skills should be more integral part of science curricula. Especially for spatial thinking skills, educators and policy makers should reconsider the learning objectives in primary science curriculum framework. In conclusion, the results indicated that spatial and systems thinking skills were partially acquired in the curricula. Some units should be clarified and enhanced depend on spatial thinking abilities, systems thinking abilities or both of them.
A bar model for the Galactic bulge

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Bars in galaxies acquire a pronounced peanut shape when seen from the side. It is shown that the peanut‐shaped bar in a 3‐D N‐body model has an appearance closely resembling the COBE image of the Milky Way bulge, when viewed from within the disk. Moreover, the projected velocity distribution is not far from isotropic, in agreement with modern kinematic data. Although the model is not a perfect match to the Milky Way, it exhibits a straightforward mechanism for the formation of the observed shape of the Milky Way ‘‘bulge’’ and provides a further argument in favor of a bar in the Galaxy.
Wittgenstein on mathematics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The mature Wittgenstein's groundbreaking analyses of sense and the logical must—and the powerful new method that made them possible—were the result of a multi‐year process of writing, re‐arranging, re‐writing and one large‐scale revision that eventually produced the Philosophical Investigations and RFM I. In contrast, his struggles during the same period with questions of arithmetic and higher mathematics remained largely in first‐draft form, and he drops the topic entirely after 1945. In this paper, I argue that Wittgenstein's new method can be applied to the cases of arithmetic and set theory and that the result is innovative, recognizably Wittgensteinian, and independently appealing. I conclude by acknowledging the reasons Wittgenstein himself might have had to resist applying his own proven method to the case of mathematics—particularly to set theory—and by indicating why I think those reasons are ultimately unsound.
Characteristics of Convergence Curve of the PE Estimate of Variance Ratio in the Balanced Case

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The pseudoexpectation (PE) methods are an iterative procedure for estimating variance components in the general mixed linear model. The computational loads in the PE methods are relatively small and the estimates converge faster, although the methods are an approximation to the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. In the field of animal breeding, it has been considered that the PE methods can be used in estimating from large data sets including no or weak influence of selection, or in obtaining initial values to use in the REML estimation. This paper reports some basic characteristics of the convergence curve of the PE variance ratio estimate in the case of balanced data. In the specific balanced case, the PE and REML estimates are identical, but their convergence curves are different. The ratios of the difference between the consecutive estimates in the ith and the i-1th rounds to that in the i+1th and the ith rounds vary, for instance, in the REML estimation using the expectation-maximization algorithm, while those with the PE methods take a constant value regardless of initial values and rounds of iteration. Hence, the PE curve of convergence can be exactly represented using the result for a geometric series. Consequently, the PE curve is equivalent to the curve assumed underlyingly in the extrapolation techniques, or the techniques of directly predicting the final value such as the Aitken extrapolation and the common intercept approach. In the unbalanced case, the property of this kind of the PE curve is no longer retained, and the degrees of discrepancies among the PE and the extrapolation estimates would be dependent on the structure of the data to be analyzed. When one wishes to accelerate convergence in the REML analysis of unbalanced data, it is important to notice that the PE and the extrapolation techniques each have the advantages and disadvantages for the purpose.
Is rating of perceived exertion a valid method to monitor intensity during blood flow restriction exercise?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To examine the concurrent validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (RE+BFR). Methods Twelve trained men participated in an orientation session and 2 experimental sessions: RE+BFR and traditional resistance exercise (TRE). Arm curl and leg extension exercises were standardized by the total volume of 3 sets of 16 repetitions at 35% of 1RM for RE+BFR and 3 sets of 8 repetitions at 70% of 1RM for TRE. BFR was applied to proximal positions of both the upper and lower limbs using an elastic knee wrap with a width of 7.6 cm. The blood lactate concentration ([La]), RPE in the active muscles (RPE-AM), and in the overall body (RPE-O) were measured at rest and the end of each set using the OMNI-RES. Results In RE+BFR, positive linear regression coefficients (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were found between [La] and RPE-AM (arm curl, <i>r</i> = 0.54; leg extension, <i>r</i> = 0.71) and between [La] and RPE-O (arm curl, <i>r</i> = 0.55; leg extension, <i>r</i> = 0.74). Similarly, in TRE, positive coefficients (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were observed between [La] and RPE-AM (arm curl: <i>r</i> = 0.63; leg extension: <i>r</i> = 0.63) and between [La] and RPE-O (arm curl: <i>r</i> = 0.60; leg extension: <i>r</i> = 0.59). Conclusions The RPE scale was shown to be a valid method to monitor and regulate intensity during RE+BFR in the upper and lower limbs.