jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influences of Gate Bias and Light Stresses on Device Characteristics of High-Energy Electron-Beam-Irradiated Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Based Thin Film Transistors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Under white light illumination, amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) showed a large negative shift of threshold voltage of more than -15 V depending on the process conditions. We investigated the influences of both gate bias and white light illumination on device properties of IGZO-based TFTs untreated and treated with high-energy electron beam irradiation (HEEBI). The TFTs were treated with HEEBI in air at room temperature (RT), electron beam energy of 0.8 MeV, and a dose of 1×10 14 electrons/cm 2 . The HEEBI-treated TFTs showed an improved stability under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) and positive bias illumination stress (PBIS) compared with non-HEEBI-treated TFTs, suggesting that the acceptor-like defects might be generated by HEEBI treatment near the valence band edge.
Some Multifunctional Methacrylic Polymers with Azobenzene Fragments and Free Double Bonds in Side Chains as Liquid Crystal Alignment Agents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two series of polymers based on the polymethacrylic acid were obtained and investigation of their orientation ability was carried out: “azobenzene-containing” polymers; “azobenzene-oxyethylmethacrylate-containing” polymers. Under the action of actinic UV light photosensitive fragments of these materials are undergone the orientation and crosslinking due to trans-cis isomerization of azofragments and photopolymerization of free C˭C bonds. Liquid crystal photoalignment ability of these materials is investigated.
Gender, International Status, and Ambassador Appointments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Focusing on ambassador appointments, the aim of this pioneering article is to address some fundamental questions about where men and women are positioned in diplomacy. Most of the gender-related diplomacy studies are limited to individual Ministry of Foreign Affairs and say little about diplomacy as an aggregate set of practices. We draw on theories of gender and positional status to ask whether there are gender patterns in ambassador appointments—with men occupying positions of higher military and economic status than women—much like the ones found in other institutions. Our analyses are based on a unique data set containing almost 7,000 ambassador appointments, made by the fifty highest ranked countries in terms of GDP in 2014. The results show that female ambassadors are less likely to occupy high-status ambassadorships than men. In short, gender patterns, linked to power and status, are present also in ambassador appointments. Diplomacy studies need to do much more to address the presence and impact of gender in international affairs.
Ability of verbal autopsy data to detect deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia: testing existing methods and development and validation of a novel weighted score

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Verbal autopsy (VA) is a useful tool to ascertain cause of death where no other mechanisms exist. We aimed to assess the utility of VA data to ascertain deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and to develop a weighted score (WS) to specifically identify cases. Cases were identified by a study or site physician with training in diabetes. These diagnoses were also compared with diagnoses produced by a standard computer algorithm (InterVA-4). Setting This study was done using VA data from the Health and Demographic Survey sites in Agincourt in rural South Africa. Validation of the WS was done using VA data from Karonga in Malawi. Participants All deaths from ages 1 to 49 years between 1992 and 2015 and between 2002 and 2016 from Agincourt and Karonga, respectively. There were 8699 relevant deaths in Agincourt and 1663 in Karonga. Results Of the Agincourt deaths, there were 77 study physician classified cases and 58 computer algorithm classified cases. Agreement between study physician classified cases and computer algorithm classified cases was poor (Cohen’s kappa 0.14). Our WS produced a receiver operator curve with area under the curve of 0.952 (95% CI 0.920 to 0.985). However, positive predictive value (PPV) was below 50% when the WS was applied to the development set and the score was dominated by the necessity for a premortem diagnosis of diabetes. Independent validation showed the WS performed reasonably against site physician classified cases with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 99%, PPV of 60% and negative predictive value of 99%. Conclusion Our results suggest that widely used VA methodologies may be missing deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia. Our WS may offer improved ability to detect deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in large populations studies where no other means exist.
Contour of the Day: Social Patterning of Time in Later Life and Variation in Reported Well-Being in Activities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: To contextualize experiences of activities during the day and investigate whether the contour of the day is correlated with well-being during activities. Methods: Drawing on American Time Use Surveys, we employ sequence and cluster analyses to create distinct typologies of daily life patterns, and bivariate analyses to describe whether well-being across activities varies by these typologies. Results: We identified four typologies characterized by different primary activity of the day: leisure (22.7%), TV (22.4%), housework (47.5%), and work (7.5%). Individuals in the work and leisure clusters tend to report more positive well-being and individuals in the housework and TV clusters tend to report more negative well-being in experiences of activities during the day. We also found that well-being experiences in the same activity differed across individuals in the different typologies. Conclusion: Understanding the daily life patterns of older adults may be important, given its correlation with well-being during activities.
9 Fractures of the Os Calcis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

About 21 years ago Magnuson and Stinchfield6 predicted that no one method would be adequate for all fractures of the os calcis and that proper treatment would involve careful selection of treatments suited to the peculiarities of particular injuries. Having recently reviewed our experience, we have come to essentially the same conclusions. The purpose of the authors in this communication is to outline our present attitude on the value of, and the indications for treatment by early mobilization.
Atomistic Monte Carlo calculation of critical layer thickness for coherently strained siliconlike structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Monte Carlo based techniques were used to study the stability of thin, coherently strained layers of mismatched siliconlike semiconductor material. The atomic interaction used for this study is the Stillinger–Weber potential [Phys. Rev. B 31, 5262 (1985)], modified to allow modeling of mismatched materials. Layers from 3 to 80 Å thickness were considered. For layers greater than about 20 Å thickness, the critical layer thickness is accurately described by the continuum theory of Matthews and Blakeslee [J. Cryst. Growth 27, 118 (1974)]. For thinner layers, however, the strain energy associated with misfit dislocations varies from the continuum value, resulting in smaller critical layer thickness, to the extent that critical mismatch as a function of layer thickness becomes nonmonotonic for the thinnest films considered.
A New Method for Building Probabilistic Ontology (Prob-Ont)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the past years, ontologies are widely used for representing knowledge of complex domains. Despite that the ontologies (classical ontologies) have become standard for representing knowledge; however, they are not able to represent and reason with uncertainty which is one of the characteristics of the world that must be handled. Probabilistic Ontologies have come to remedy this defect. This paper is part of this framework in which the authors have proposed a new method of probabilistic ontology construction, named Prob-Ont, by integrating uncertainty to elements of OWL ontology (especially to instances and/or relations). As a case study, the authors have constructed a probabilistic ontology for the domain of scientific documentation system (dblp).
Sweet Sorghum Stalk Supply Chain Management: Decentralized Crushing Cum-Syrup Making Unit Information Bulletin no. 90

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the climate of environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel use and the increased demand for energy in different counties, biofuel research and development has come to center stage. Sweet sorghum is a SMART crop with triple product benefits - food, feed and fuel. It is a good candidate for commercial ethanol production with potential opportunities for benefiting the poor dryland farmers through the emerging biofuel markets. Commercial ethanol production from sweet sorghum requires feedstock supplies for the long period of a year. ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) with Rusni distillery Pvt. Ltd. and other partners are working on supply chain management and addressing other issues in the sweet sorghum ethanol value chain. Principally, the sweet sorghum supply chain involves centralized and decentralized models. Under the centralized model, farmers supply the sweet sorghum stalks directly to the distillery, whereas in the decentralized model, farmers supply stalks to the Decentralized Crushing-Syrup Making Unit (DCU) located within the village where the crop is grown. The stalks are crushed at the DCU and the sweet juice is boiled to produce concentrated syrup that can be stored for more than 2 years at room temperature, and which is used for ethanol production, particularly in the off-season. This serves to augment the feedstock supply to the distillery. Use of the DCU for crushing and syrup production at the village level is a new idea and there is as yet no publication available on the requirements for establishment of a DCU and its management. In this bulletin, an attempt is made to briefly describe the experiences of ICRISAT and partners in the establishment and maintenance of a DCU, covering all the aspects from selection of site for its establishment, logistical requirements, plant and machinery, operation and management, economics of crushing sweet sorghum and its role in sweet sorghum supply chain management
Pericarditis as a Complication of Thyrotoxicosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—Pericarditis as a complication of thyrotoxicosis has been reported only once in the literature.1

Report of a Case.

—A 67-year-old man had tremor, palpitations, excessive heat radiation, and chest pressure. The resting pulse rate was 130 beats per minute, and cardiovascular examination showed a hyperactive precordium, a scratching systolic Lerman's sound, and hyperactive reflexes. The ECG showed no ST-T-segment abnormalities. The thyroxine (T4) radioimmunoassay level was 23.7% (normal, 4.5% to 12.0%). Triiodothyronine (T3) uptake was 60% (normal, 31% to 45%). He was given propranolol hydrochloride, 20 mg three times daily, and propylthiouracil, 100 mg three times daily. On July 25, 1980, he noticed substernal chest pain on exertion. The ECG showed slower heart rate, but a 2-mm inferior ST-segment elevation. Propranolol hydrochloride therapy was increased to 80 mg three times daily, and isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin, potassium iodide, and methylprednisolone acetate were added. By July 31, 1980,
Dryopteris fragrans Schott 1834

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polypodium fragrans Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1089. 1753. "Habitat in Sibiria." RCN: 7891. Lectotype (Bobrov in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 9. 1984): Amman 49, Herb. Linn. No. 1251.32 (LINN). Current name: Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott (Polypodiaceae).
Energy Regulation and the Role of the Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the changes and effects of tribunal policies and decisions on industry players since the deregulation of the oil and gas industry. Specifically, it addresses the manner in which the National Energy Board and the Alberta Energy ("NEB") and Utilities Board ("EUB") (formerly the Energy Resources Conservation Board) have cultivated a forum that fosters free market competition. In particular, the Boards articulate position of minimal interference in commercial decisions unless public interest or environmental well-being are placed at risk. Specific examples of applications for the construction of new pipelines and resulting NEB decisions and reasons are further highlighted in this article. In addition, the article looks at similar EUB positions regarding pipeline proliferation projects. Overall, the article juxtaposes the need to facilitate energy customers, distributors and producers in achieving fair market prices with the need for tribunal intervention in balancing such transactions with public interest concerns.
Comparative analysis of two clinically active BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors reveals the role of conformation-specific binding in resistance

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Structural studies suggest that most point mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain cause resistance to the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib by impairing the flexibility of the kinase domain, restricting its ability to adopt the inactive conformation required for optimal imatinib binding, rather than by directly interfering with drug contact residues. BMS-354825, currently in clinical development for imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia, is a dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor that binds ABL in both the active and inactive conformation. To examine the potential role of conformational binding properties in drug resistance, we mapped the mutations in BCR-ABL capable of conferring resistance to BMS-354825. Through saturation mutagenesis, we identified 10 such BCR-ABL mutations, 8 of which occurred at drug contact residues. Some mutants were unique to BMS-354825, whereas others also conferred imatinib resistance. Remarkably, the identity of the amino acid substitution at either of two contact residues differentially affects sensitivity to imatinib or BMS-354825. The combination of imatinib plus BMS-354825 greatly reduced the recovery of drug-resistant clones. Our findings provide further rationale for considering kinase conformation in the design of kinase inhibitors against cancer targets.
Fault Classification in Wind Turbines Using Principal Component Analysis Technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, dimensionality reduction and feature extraction techniques are applied to fault classification for wind turbine systems using principal component analysis (PCA). Experimentations are performed in terms of two topologies of faulty datasets which are respectively actuator effectiveness loss and sinusoidal fault, occurring in a 4.8-MW wind turbine benchmark system. In order to evaluate the PCA technique, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) signals are introduced to the aforementioned two faulty conditions respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that PCA not only can extract the significant features but also distinguish different types of fault effectively in this wind turbine benchmark system.
Transition CMs reduce readmissions from SNFs.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

At Western Maryland Regional Medical Center, having nurse transitionists act as a liaison between the hospital and nursing facilities has reduced the readmission rate from participating facilities from 30% to 18%. The nurse transitionists carry a caseload of about 70 patients and work closely with the nursing home staff, patients, and family members to improve transitions. They follow patients who are admitted from a skilled nursing facility from the time they are admitted and patients who are going to a skilled nursing facility for the first time from the time that they are accepted into a bed and for 30 days after discharge. They visit the nursing home within 24 hours of transfer, meet with the patient, family, and staff and answer questions.They return on Day 5, between Day 11 and Day 14, and again at 25 to 30 days.
Propanediol dehydratase system. Role of monovalent cations in binding of vitamin B12 coenzyme or its analogs to apoenzyme

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPropanediol dehydratase system. Role of monovalent cations in binding of vitamin B12 coenzyme or its analogs to apoenzymeTetsuo Toraya, Yoshikazu Sugimoto, Yoshikuni Tamao, Shoichi Shimizu, and Saburo FukuiCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 18, 3475–3484Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00794a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00794a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Medical aspect of cosmonauts' safety during emergency landing. Respicere et prospicere].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Participating in the comprehensive development of the system for safe emergency landing in space vehicles Voskhod and Soyuz, enterprise "Zvezda" undertook an extensive program of technical and physiological experiments with volunteers, including a group of physicians, in the interest of designing personal protection means for space crew. Over 130 physiological pile-engine experiments with the impact velocity of up to 9 m/s were performed between 1963 and 1967. The article presents medical and biomechanical analysis of the experimental data. The central part of the crew safety system in the event of emergency landing is a shock-absorbing seat with an individually molded support surface. This support surface ensures a uniform load distribution and also attenuates shock hardness by dint of own deformation. The Voskhod seat was outfitted with a pendulum hanger bracket on two shock-absorbers. The Soyuz seat has only one shock-absorber at the head end. The shock-absorber allows seat turns at high angular velocities and, consequently, appearance of additional mechanic and biomechanical reactions. The article attempts to analyze this phenomenon as well as the whole aggregate of human body responses onto the spacecraft impact with ground. To give readers the opportunity of independent conclusions from the data of the unlikely to be replicated experiments, the article is supplemented with graphs visualizing a larger part of the tests data, and their interpretations. It is aimed to help young specialists fill up the gap in knowledge about this medical aspect which remains of high topicality in many fields including safety of future piloted space programs.
A Study of Acceptance of Weibo Forwarding Advertising Based on Motivation Theory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the ever-increasing influence of social media such as Weibo, social media advertising has gradually received attention. In recent years, compared with traditional advertising, social media advertising has developed more rapidly and has a better prospect. Therefore, whether it is from the perspective of advertisers or from the perspective of consumers, it is of great significance to explore the factors that affect advertising acceptance. On the basis of reviewing a large number of related research, we proposes a research model that mainly studies the relationship between motivation and the advertising acceptance of Weibo forwarding advertising, and discusses the moderating effect of involvement. Data will be collected from undergraduates and postgraduates at a certain university in the south. This research can provide suggestions for advertisers to improve their advertising, so as to achieve a win-win situation between advertisers and consumers. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
New solid-state lasers based on rare-earth doped sesquioxide crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. The sesquioxide of yttrium is subject of interest to the fields of laser physics and spectroscopy since the early sixties. It exhibits a thermal conductivity that is higher than that of the well established laser host material Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (YAG). Similarly high thermal conductivities can also be found in the isostructural scandia (Sc/sub 2/O/sub 3/) and lutetia (Lu/sub 2/O/sub 3/). The thermal conductivities range between 12.5 W/mK in lutetia and 16.5 W/mK in scandia, measured at 50 C. Undoped YAG shows a thermal conductivity of 11 W/mK measured under the same conditions. This property makes the sesquioxides promising host materials for rare-earth based laser systems, especially for high power applications.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Bacillaria paxillifera", "Country is China", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032513-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
A Study on the Multiaxial Fatigue Failure Criterion with Small Defects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper reexamines a multiaxial fatigue failure criterion in the presence of small defects. The criterion is based on the assumption that a Mode-I crack on a specified plane, termed a critical plane, plays a dominant role in the determination of fatigue strength. The present study extends previous research to propose a modified failure criterion in conjunction with a systematic computational scheme, and to conduct a detailed analysis of its predictive capability. Using the proposed computational scheme, the applied stress level for the multiaxial fatigue failure can be efficiently predicted for both in-phase and out-of-phase loadings. Additionally, a series of parametric studies was conducted to examine the material's sensitivity to the biaxial stress state with respect to the fatigue strength.