jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bayesian estimation for Life-Time distribution parameter under Compound Loss Function with Optimal Sample Size Determination

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract:
This research aims to find Bayes estimator under symmetric and asymmetric two loss functions, such as the squared Log error loss function and entropy loss function, as well as a loss function that combines these two functions. It's called compound loss function, which is asymmetric in nature. A comparison of the Bayes estimators for scale parameter of Life-Time distribution, which includes a collection of known distributions under the compound proposed loss function, and its contained loss functions as well as the estimation of optimal sample size. Using a mean square error criterion (MSE), where the generation of the random data using the simulation for estimate Weibull distribution parameters that represents a special case of Life-Time distribution different sample sizes (n=10,50,100) and (N=1000), taking initial values for the parameters , to get to the balanced estimator that add between two loss functions.
Prediction of properties of reservoir using Artificial Neural Network and Monte Carlo Simulation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Two methods for forecasting reservoir distribution are used: Monte Carlo Simulation and Artificial Neural Network. The data used in this research was obtained from the drilling sheet report of the Efe04 well located in the Northern Niger Delta Depobelt. The operator released the data set of the Efe field. Amukpe well data from the Amukpe field was also used as part of the test data to see how the model works on different fields. To minimize uncertainties, only the surface drilling parameters are used for the model. Mode of operation (rotation or sliding), Torque, Surface Revolution, Flow rate (gallons per minute), Stand Pipe Pressure, Revolutions per Minute, hole size. When reservoir distribution can be predicted, it is extremely beneficial since it increases exploration accuracy and lowers costs by delaying the next round of exploration. Geostatistics, on the other hand, is rarely used in areas with few wells drilled. A new technique called Geology Driven Integration Tool (GDI) has been developed to estimate reservoir parameters when just a few wells are available. Due to the lack of well data and regional geological constraints in the GDI model, several pseudo-wells are constructed by Monte Carlo Simulation to make up for the deficiency of a few real wells. They can also be used to create fake seismograms. To determine the weighting factors that link the selected seismic attributes to the given reservoir features, the appropriate seismic attributes and the given reservoir parameters are input to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In the end, the ANN is trained on all of the seismic data in the area and then used to estimate reservoir property distribution. In addition to the areas that have already been explored, the estimated results suggest exploring the southern portion of the Efe field and the northern portion of the Efe field as potential prospect locations. In the southern half of the Amukpe field, the gas zone's net thickness is expected to rise to 27 meters, thanks to increased porosity of 27%. North of the Efe field, a 15-25-meter-thick porosity-rich reservoir is predicted to be distributed.
THE MAIN VECTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD SECURITY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study, on the basis of a comprehensive review of scientific publications, the definition of "foodsecurity" is defined. The level of safety is determined on the basis of the structure of consumption of food bythe population, gross output by main types of agricultural products. The basic conditions and components ofthe formation of food security of the region are outlined. It has been proved that the issue of food security isa priority in the country's economic security, and the vector of the solution of the problem in Ukraine, which isthe gradual and systematic implementation of economic changes, is determined. Two criteria are defined todefine the definition of "food security": the first is focused on the import of food products, or on self-provision,the second on the combination of imports and own food products. Food security implies: firstly, the physicalavailability of food, food should be in full and in line with accepted consumption norms, and secondly, foodsecurity, quality of raw materials and food should meet established quality standards. In the course of work,the main problems that threaten food security were identified: the lack of appropriate income for consumersand the deterioration of reproductive capacity from producers. The factors of food security are calculated.The quality of individual food groups is low. The implementation of socio-economic policy in the field of foodsecurity is an important part of the national security of the country.
“Silence” as a strategy during a corporate crisis – the case of Volkswagen’s “Dieselgate”

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the communication behaviour on Twitter during the rise of a preventable corporate crisis. It aims to contribute to situational crisis response strategies, and to broaden the authors’ understanding of legitimacy management. In September 2015, Volkswagen’s (VW) emission scandal became public and caused debates also in social media. By applying complementing tools of data analysis to the Twitter communication around the “Dieselgate” crisis, this study unfolds a field of tension between corporate strategy and public perception. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected Twitter data and analysed approximately 2.1m tweets relevant to the VW crisis. The authors approached the data by separating the overall communication in peak and quiet phases; analysing the peaks with social network analysis techniques; studying sentiments and the differences in each phase; and specifically examining tweets from VW’s corporate accounts with regard to the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) and legitimacy. Findings VW’s very few tweets were not able to reduce the emotionality and sentiment of the ongoing Twitter discussion. Instead, even during quiet phases, the communication remained rather negative. The analysis suggests that VW followed a strategy not covered by SCCT, i.e. keeping silent. Practical implications The discovered strategy of keeping silent extends the SCCT and is linked to legitimacy management. Learnings from this study help decision makers to put social media response strategies into practice to swiftly recover from crises or refrain from certain strategies to avoid further reputational damage. Social implications Examining the underlying communication patterns of a crisis case with societal magnitude such as “Dieselgate” helps sensitising customers and executives to utilise social media channels more comprehensible in future crises. Originality/value The study uncovers the unconventional and yet barely addressed crisis response strategy of a global enterprise while devising unique realisations for practitioners and communication researchers. It contributes to existing knowledge about situational crisis response strategies, and broadens the authors’ understanding of legitimacy management in times of social media ubiquity.
Ordering Selection Operators Under Partial Ignorance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optimising queries in real-world situations under imperfect conditions is still a problem that has not been fully solved. We consider finding the optimal order in which to execute a given set of selection operators under partial ignorance of their selectivities. The selectivities are modelled as intervals rather than exact values and we apply a concept from decision theory, the minimisation of the maximum regret, as a measure of optimality. The associated decision problem turns out to be NP-hard, which renders a brute-force approach to solving it impractical. Nevertheless, by investigating properties of the problem and identifying special cases which can be solved in polynomial time, we gain insight that we use to develop a novel heuristic for solving the general problem. We also evaluate minmax regret query optimisation experimentally, showing that it outperforms a currently employed strategy of optimisers that uses mean values for uncertain parameters.
On the New Peptide-Type Ergot Alkaloids, Ergosecaline and Ergosecalinine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article On the New Peptide-Type Ergot Alkaloids, Ergosecaline and Ergosecalinine Get access Matazō Abe, Matazō Abe The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tōgo Yamano, Tōgo Yamano The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburō Yamatodani, Saburō Yamatodani The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshiharu Kōzu, Yoshiharu Kōzu The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mitsugi Kusumoto, Mitsugi Kusumoto The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hajime Komatsu, Hajime Komatsu The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburō Yamada Saburō Yamada The Laboratory of the Institute for Fermentation, attached to Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Volume 23, Issue 3, 1 May 1959, Pages 246–248, https://doi.org/10.1080/03758397.1959.10857567 Published: 01 May 1959 Article history Received: 11 March 1959 Published: 01 May 1959
Structure de sapinières aménagées et anciennes du massif des Laurentides (Québec) et diversité des plantes invasculaires

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was undertaken to determine the contribution of old-growth and senescent forest stands regenerated through clear-cutting to the biodiversity of wet boreal fir stands in eastern Quebec because overmature stands are becoming scarce in that region. The study area was located in the Laurentian Mountains north of the city of Québec. The structure and composition of nonvascular plant communities (mosses, hepatica, lichens, and saprophytic fungi) of old-growth forests were compared with those of mature or senescent fir stands harvested 60 years ago. Nonvascular plants have a more uniform structure and a lower diversity in mature than in senescent or old-growth forests. A variety of specialized soil- and wood-inhabiting species and many rare species not observed in mature stands regenerated through clear-cutting are found in the latter. Structural diversity of senescent second-growth fir stands becomes similar to that of old-growth stand because of mortality within the overstory. These structural characteristics favour the development of diversified nonvascular plant communities, especially wood-inhabiting species found on slightly decomposed woody debris and soil-inhabiting species that colonize disturbed soils.[Journal translation]
Antigenic identity between the soluble glycoprotein of milk fat globule membrane and a heat-stable protein fraction of whey.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The protein which is antigenically equivalent to the soluble glycoprotein (SGP) isolated from milk fat globule membrane was immunologically found to be contained in whey protein. The identical antigeneicity between the SGP and an unknown protein component of whey was certified by double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic assays, using the antiserum of the SGP and its antiserum absorbed with whey protein, and using the whey protein fractions fractionated by gel filtration or ion exchange chromatography. The concentration of this protein in whey (anti-SGP reacting protein) was estimated to be about 15% of total whey protein by simple radial immunodiffusion assay. The major whey protein components, such as β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, and IgG-immunoglobulin were confirmed to be not the anti-SGP reacting protein by the indirect elimination method. Anti-SGP reacting protein was found to be rich in the heat-stable protein fraction which corresponds to the so-called proteose-peptone fraction.
Within Group "Structural" Tests of Labor-Market Discrimination: A Study of Persons with Serious Disabilities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Labor-market discrimination measures are usually derived from between-group comparisons of market outcomes for favored vs. disfavored groups, controlling for productivity-related individual characteristics. When the disfavored group is heterogeneous, one can relate variations in discrimination intensity to market outcomes within the disfavored group. We use this approach to test for employment and wage discrimination against persons with various types of disabilities. Measures of social distance' controls for the intensity of discrimination. In a national sample of adults with serious disabilities, employment discrimination effects are in the wrong' direction, however, and wage effects are unstable. Thus, variability in labor market outcomes among different types of disabilities is not explained well by variations in discrimination intensity correlated with social distance and employer attitudes. We conjecture that differences in available support services by type of disability may help to explain this variability.
Michael Philip Penn. Envisioning Islam. Syriac Christians and the Early Muslim World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dans le sillage de travaux pionniers en la matière, et spécialement les études de Patricia Crone ou de Robert Hoyland, cet ouvrage met l’accent sur l’importance des sources syriaques pour reconstruire une histoire des premiers siècles de l’islam au regard de sources extérieures, non arabes et non musulmanes. L’A. reconsidère cette documentation sur la période des VIIe-IXe siècles, qui a l’avantage d’être contemporaine et très variée : sources épistolaires et correspondances, traités théologiq...
Application of the C3-Methyltransferase StspM1 for the Synthesis of the Natural Pyrroloindole Motif

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Even though pyrroloindoles are widely present in natural products with different kinds of biological activities, their selective synthesis remains challenging with existing tools in organic chemistry, and there is furthermore a demand for stereoselective and mild methods to access this structural motif. Nature uses C3-methyltransferases to form the pyrroloindole framework, starting from the amino acid tryptophan. In the present study, the SAM-dependent methyltransferase StspM1 from Streptomyces sp. HPH0547 is used to build the pyrroloindole structural motif in tryptophan-based diketopiperazines (DKP). The substrate scope of the enzyme regarding different Trp-Trp-DKP isomers was investigated on an experimental and computational level. After further characterization and optimization of the methylation reaction with a design of experiment approach, a preparative scale reaction with the immobilized enzyme including a SAM regeneration system was performed to show the synthetic use of this biocatalytic tool to access the pyrroloindole structural motif.
On the dynamics of isometries

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We provide an analysis of the dynamics of isometries and semicontractions of metric spaces. Certain subsets of the boundary at infinity play a fundamental role and are identified completely for the standard boundaries of CAT(0)–spaces, Gromov hyperbolic spaces, Hilbert geometries, certain pseudoconvex domains, and partially for Thurston’s boundary of Teichmüller spaces. We present several rather general results concerning groups of isometries, as well as the proof of other more specific new theorems, for example concerning the existence of free nonabelian subgroups in CAT(0)–geometry, iteration of holomorphic maps, a metric Furstenberg lemma, random walks on groups, noncompactness of automorphism groups of convex cones, and boundary behaviour of Kobayashi’s metric.
Estimating the Reservoir Permeability and Fracture Density Using Petrophysical Logs in Marun Oil Field (SW Iran)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Surveying the pores, permeability, and fractures in an oil field using petrophysical data and its relative logs has significant importance in precise schematization of how to prevent from mud loss and from reservoir rock damages. The authors completed a survey and determination was done using neutron logs and density. Then S wirr rate and permeability were measured using experimental methods. In these processes, the gained results from permeability are qualitative and cannot show the exact rate and the only application of these methods is for estimating the permeability. For exact measurement, the processes such as well testing or coring should be exploited. For studying on fractures, the image logs were used and because of oil-based mud in this field, for assessing the fractures, the oil-based microimager tool was used. The studied reservoir layer is Asmari formation, which is one of the most important reservoir rocks in Southwest Iran. The lithology of this formation is carbonate and sandstone, which has medial and good porosity. For permeability estimating, some zones were chosen that are relatively sandstones and clean. The permeability range of them is between 80 and 400 md, and has good and medial permeability development. The observed cracks are between 2,820 and 3,000 m depth, which have different slopes and have low-level aggregation in lower zones, based on fracture assessing.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB ADMINISTRATION ON PAIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To examine the effect of using the prefilled syringe formulation of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) on pain. Materials-Methods: 30 patients received bilateral IVR injection due to diabetic retinopathy and macular edema and 30 eyes of these patients that received ready-to-use (PFS) IVR were considered as group 1, and the 30 eyes that received conventional IVR by withdrawing from the vial were considered as group 2. Patients who had previously received intravitreal injection, had intraocular surgery, used any eye drops, and were unable to cooperate with the assesment were excluded from the study. Pain experienced during the injection was assessed by using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the verbal rating scale (VRS). Results: The mean age of 30 female patients evaluated was 60.3 ±7.94 years. While the NRS was 3.70±0.79 in Group 1, it was 4.23±0.77 in Group 2, the difference was statistically significant. (p = 0.02). While the VRS was 2.13±0.34 in Group 1, it was found to be 3.0± 0.58 in Group 2, the difference was statistically significant. (p). =0.02) Conclusions: IVR application in ready-to-use formulation causes less pain during intravitreal injection.
Genome-wide analysis of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in uremia patients using hMeDIP-chip

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the role of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) DNA modifica-tion in the onset of systemic lupus erythemosus (SLE), we compared the levels 5-hmC between SLE patients and normal controls.

Methods
With informed consent, whole blood was obtained from patients, and genomic DNA was extracted. Using hMeDIP-seq analysis and validation by quantitative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) , we identified the differentially hydroxymethylated regions that were associated with SLE.

Results
There were 1 701 genes with significantly different 5-hmC levels at the promoter region in the SLE patients compared with the normal controls. The CpG islands of 3 826 genes showed significant difference at 5-hmC levels in SLE patients compared with the normal controls. Out of the differentially hydroxymethylated genes, three were selected for validation, including TREX1, CDKN1A, and CDKN1B. The hydroxymethylation levels of these three genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.

Conclusion
Our studies indicate that there are significant alterations of 5-hmC in SLE patients; these differentially hydroxymethylated genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. Such novel findings show the significance of 5-hmC as a potential biomarker or promising target for epigenetic-based SLE therapies.

Key words:
Lupus erythematosus, systemic; hMeDIP-seq; 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Carbon load in airway macrophages, a biomarker for traffic related air pollution. Repeated measurements over one year.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Carbon load in airway macrophages (AM) has been proposed as a biomarker of past long-term individual exposure to traffic-derived particulate matter (PM) air pollution. However, the repeatability of this measurement has not been formally assessed. This work was designed to study the kinetics of AM carbon over one year follow-up. Methods In 14 healthy non-smokers (aged 28 ± 5.7 years), having resided in Belgium for at least one year, we performed sputum induction to retrieve AM every 6 weeks and up to 8 times. Spirometry and blood and urine samples were also obtained. Carbon load was quantified by assessing the median area (µm2) occupied by black inclusions in 25 AM, using light microscopy and ImageJ. Average residential PM2.5 values were estimated for lags of 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and one year, based on interpolated levels of PM2.5 for each home address. The association of the median carbon content with previous PM2.5 levels and country of origin was calculated using mixed regression models. Results AM carbon was measured in 105 samples (94%). The mean (±SD) carbon content for 8 successive measurements amounted to 0.32 (±0.24), 0.29 (±0.25), 0.30 (±0.23), 0.26 (±0.19), 0.39 (±0.24), 0.37 (±0.22), 0.38 (±0.32), and 0.32 (±0.24) µm2. Daily PM2.5 values ranged from 2.8 to 70.8 µg/m3, with the highest median levels observed over one year lag (13 µg/m3; IQR=0.4). The individual median AM carbon was not associated with residential PM2.5. However, the median carbon load in the immigrants (n=7) was 0.26 µm2 higher (95% CI: 0.06-0.46) than in the locals (n=7). Conclusions Measurements of carbon load in AM proved to be stable over one year regardless of variations in air pollution. The unexpectedly large difference of carbon load between immigrants and locals suggests that AM carbon load reflects an exposure window even longer than one year.