jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Study on Quality Evaluation System of Graduate Education in the Era of Big Data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes to carry out the quality evaluation of graduate education based on big data technology and construct the quality evaluation index system of graduate education based on big data. It also proposes to use modern information technology to continuously collect and deeply analyze the relevant data in the graduate education system, intuitively present the state of graduate education, and provide objective basis for multi subject value judgment and scientific decision-making.
Impoliteness Strategies in ‘The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’: A Gender-based Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims at finding out gender differences in impoliteness strategies made by African American characters in the TV series ‘The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’ to enact humor. The researchers analyzed 151 impolite utterances from Season 1 from ‘The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’, which consisted of 25 episodes. The findings support previous research that males use impoliteness more than females. It was also found out that male characters utilized impoliteness strategies more than female characters in both evoking impoliteness and responding to face attacks. Regardless of gender, attacking the hearer’s negative face was more preferred by African American characters than attacking the hearer’s positive face. Males and females differed significantly in initiating negative impoliteness and sarcasm or mock impoliteness. However, the differences between the two genders in responding to impoliteness were insignificant..
Prevention and management of Pre-eclampsia related maternal mortality During ANC in the Buea Health District.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

The study highlights the significant issue of maternal mortality in Cameroon, where 12–13 women die daily from pregnancy-related causes, despite a global decline in maternal mortality rates. The research aimed to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia, a major factor in maternal mortality, and evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal care (ANC) practices in reducing its impact. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, reviewing records from 2017–2021 in the BHD. The study used a simple random sampling technique to select facilities and pregnant women attending ANC. A sample of 200 women was assessed for their knowledge of ANC and factors hindering positive ANC practices. The study also measured the prevalence and management of preeclampsia among these women. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. Results: Out of 4,707 records reviewed, the prevalence of preeclampsia was 4.97% (234 cases). Knowledge of ANC was high, with 84% of women understanding its importance. Significant associations were found between ANC knowledge and factors such as religion (X²=12.029, p = 0.007), education level (X²=10.641, p = 0.031), and income (X²=8.061, p = 0.045). Other socio-demographic factors showed no significant association. Multivariate analysis indicated that ANC is effective in managing preeclampsia, with 95.3% of women successfully managed during ANC. Logistic regression analysis identified long distance to facilities (40%), financial limitations (36.5%), and long waiting times (37.5%) as barriers to ANC attendance. Conclusion: The prevalence of preeclampsia among women attending ANC in the BHD is high. Most women have adequate knowledge of ANC, which is crucial for managing preeclampsia. Effective ANC utilization is essential, but factors like trust in healthcare, distance to facilities, and financial constraints significantly affect ANC attendance and frequency. Addressing these barriers could improve maternal health outcomes in Cameroon.
Workplace Violence: Cause for Concern or the Construction of a New Category of Fear?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the problems raised by growing media, official and organisa tional attention to workplace violence. At present this issue is documented in a diffuse and frequently inflammatory way with little attention to accurate quantifi cation of incidence and no systematic attempt to place the risk in context. Sugges tions are made for definition, classification and operationalisation of the variables that constitute workplace violence to facilitate agency data collection, research and management.
A non-iterative sampling Bayesian method for linear mixed models with normal independent distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we utilize normal/independent (NI) distributions as a tool for robust modeling of linear mixed models (LMM) under a Bayesian paradigm. The purpose is to develop a non-iterative sampling method to obtain i.i.d. samples approximately from the observed posterior distribution by combining the inverse Bayes formulae, sampling/importance resampling and posterior mode estimates from the expectation maximization algorithm to LMMs with NI distributions, as suggested by Tan et al . [33]. The proposed algorithm provides a novel alternative to perfect sampling and eliminates the convergence problems of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. In order to examine the robust aspects of the NI class, against outlying and influential observations, we present a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics based on the Kullback--Leibler divergence. Further, some discussions on model selection criteria are given. The new methodologies are exemplified through a real data set, illustrating the usefulness of the proposed methodology.
A Novel Coaxial Magnetic Gear Using Bulk HTS for Industrial Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) using bulk high temperature superconductors (HTS) is proposed. By substituting bulk HTS for ferromagnetic material, a novel stationary ring is resulted, which can not only provide the desired field modulation effect but also suppress the end-effects that commonly occurred in the traditional CMG. The performance of the proposed bulk HTS CMG is assessed and then verified by using finite element analysis. © 2006 IEEE.
Rates of Alloparental Care by Male Stickleback in Natural Lake Populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In many animal species, alternative reproductive tactics can result in alloparenting: adult individuals providing care for juveniles that are not genetically their own progeny. In species with parental care, males may exhibit “sneaking” behavior and fertilize eggs in the nest of another male, or nesting males may commit egg theft from a more successful male, possibly to help attract females. Alloparenting may have important consequences for both male and female reproductive output and mate choice, but rates of such non-paternity in natural populations are poorly understood in many taxa, as are the ecological factors that might influence these rates. Here, we quantified the frequency of non-paternity between males and the eggs in their nests within 15 natural populations of Threespine Stickleback, and tested whether the frequency of mismatch was predicted by characteristics of the lake (lake size and nest density) or features of individual males (body size and diet) or their chosen nest location (depth and presence of vegetation). The frequency of non-paternity was relatively high across all lakes (23–66%) but was not explained by lake-level characteristics (lake area or nest density). Alloparenting was more likely for individual males with more benthic diets (as measured by stable isotopes) and for males whose nests were closer to vegetation, although this effect varied across lakes. Our results suggest that individual-level characteristics of the male and nest influence the frequency of alloparenting, and that variation among individuals and populations should be considered in studies of the genetics and evolutionary consequences of alternative reproductive tactics.
Moshe Gat, Britain and the Conflict in the Middle East, 1964–1967: The Coming of the Six-Day War. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. 280 pp. $69.95.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

October 01 2005 Britain and the Conflict in the Middle East, 1964–1967: The Coming of the Six-Day War MosheGat, Britain and the Conflict in the Middle East, 1964–1967: The Coming of the Six-Day War. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. 280 pp. $69.95. Wilfrid Knapp Wilfrid Knapp St. Catherine's College, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Wilfrid Knapp St. Catherine's College, Oxford University Online Issn: 1531-3298 Print Issn: 1520-3972 © 2005 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Journal of Cold War Studies (2005) 7 (4): 158–159. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2005.7.4.158 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Wilfrid Knapp; Britain and the Conflict in the Middle East, 1964–1967: The Coming of the Six-Day War. Journal of Cold War Studies 2005; 7 (4): 158–159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2005.7.4.158 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsJournal of Cold War Studies Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2005 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Development of Segment- and Target-Related Neuronal Identity in the Medicinal Leech

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The rhythmic pumping of the paired heart tubes in the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis offers an excellent system for studying the development of a simple behavior in terms of its neuronal and muscular components. The present experiments examined the development of identified heart excitor (HE) motor neurons during normal embryogenesis. Using intracellular impalements and dyefilling, we found that the HE motor neurons could be identified at an early stage of development and that they initially elaborated axonal arborizations in inappropriate target fields in the ventral body wall. These inappropriate projections were retracted as those at the appropriate target (developing heart tube muscle) extended. This remodelling occurred at least 4 days before the HEs acquired the adult phenotype of being driven to fire action potentials in a rhythmic pattern. Although the HEs exhibited centrally driven rhythmic oscillations late in embryogenesis, at earlier stages they exhibited largely a tonic discharge interrupted by bursts of inhibitory potentials in a periodic, but not a rhythmic, pattern. We also found what appeared to be non-rhythmic HE homologs in anterior and posterior segments where HE neurons have not been previously described. These homologs may project along similarly patterned guidance cues early in development, since they are at first indistinguishable from the definitive HEs, but they continued to elaborate both lateral and medial body wall projections over the same period that definitive HEs were expanding their arborizations over the developing heart tube and retracting their body wall projections. In both adult and embryonic leeches the homologs exhibited mostly tonic activity that was interrupted by pronounced, but non-rhythmic, hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potentials. Thus, there appears to be early segmental specification directing the final phenotype of the iterated neuron that, in most segments, becomes the HE motor neuron.
Nighttime to daytime transition of the oxidation products of isoprene by NO3 radicals

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) dominate the overall VOC emissions. Isoprene is the most common BVOC emitted from vegetation, accounting up to 50% of the total BVOC emissions. Despite being emitted in daytime it can accumulate in the stratified nocturnal layer. Thus, the oxidation of isoprene by nitrate radicals (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) may be of high importance. A series of experiments were conducted in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR in J&amp;#252;lich, Germany, in order to investigate the gas and particle phase products of the oxidation of isoprene by NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, under a variety of conditions (e.g. high RO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, high HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, nighttime to daytime transition, with and without seed aerosol) using a wide range of instrumentation. However, herein the focus is on the results of gas-phase product characterisation using high resolution time of flight chemical ionization mass spectrometers (HR-ToF-CIMS) using iodide or bromide as the primary reagent ion. The use of two HR-ToF-CIMS with different primary reagents provides possibilities to scrutinise the time profiles of isomers of selected products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We will discuss qualitatively and quantitatively how the distribution of oxidation products change under different conditions, with a focus on the nighttime daytime transition of the major products and the role of subsequent OH oxidation on the products initially formed by NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; oxidation. Generally, the dominant gas phase products include compounds like nitrooxy hydroperoxide (INP) &amp; dihydroxy nitrate (IDHN) (C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;), carbonyl nitrate (ICN) (C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;), hydroxy nitrate (IHN) (C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), hydroxy hydroperoxy nitrate (IHPN) (C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;), as well as a C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; compound (C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;) among others.&lt;/p&gt;
A 12.77-MHz 31 ppm/°C On-Chip RC Relaxation Oscillator With Digital Compensation Technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of a 12.77-MHz on-chip RC relaxation oscillator with digital compensation technique is presented. To maintain the frequency stability versus temperature and supply voltage variations, loop delay tuning by a digital feedback loop is developed in this system. In order to generate an on-chip reference for digital calibration, a replica comparator is added. The on-chip relaxation oscillator is fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS process. The measured output frequency variation is 31 ppm/°C across -30 to 120 °C temperature range after compensation. The frequency variation over the supply voltage from 0.6 V to 1.1 V is ±0.5%/V. The measured total power consumption is 56.2 μW at 0.9-V supply voltage when the digital compensation blocks are enabled. After digital compensation, the compensation blocks can be shutdown for power saving, and the main oscillator consumes only 12.8 μW.
Beyond convexity: scanning 'non-convex polyhedra'

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The enumeration of points contained in an algebraically-specified domain is one of the key algorithmic problems in the transformation of scientific programs. However, basic scanning algorithms accept only single convex polyhedra, requiring specialized techniques and causing run-time overhead if the set of points to enumerate is not convex. We review the existing approaches to the case of "regularly non-convex" domains, and present an algorithm for scanning arbitrary unions of polyhedra. For this, we propose to use nested loop sequences instead of perfect loop nests, and present an algorithm which generates nested loop sequences from unions of convex polyhedra.< >
Compact representation of the local atomic structure of matter for machine learning in XANES spectroscopy data processing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A method for representing data on the local structure of atoms in the form of histograms of paired radial distribution functions is proposed. This method is used to construct a structure descriptor needed to determine the structure of materials using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. A special feature of the method is the use of two sets of paired radial distribution functions simultaneously: for pairs of all types of atoms and for pairs with a selected absorbing atom. The developed approach was tested on the problem of determining the local atomic structure of the environment of the silver color center in sodium silicate glasses using data from X-ray absorption near-edge structure for the Ag K-edge. The information content of the proposed structure descriptor is demonstrated by the ability to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of a silver color center model from the corresponding pairwise distance histograms. Using several machine learning methods, it was shown that the proposed descriptor allows to achieve high-quality reproduction (mean square error ~10–3) of X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra for silver color centers in glass, which makes it possible to reduce the time for calculating X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra by 4 orders of magnitude. The resulting machine learning model allows us to establish a fundamental connection between the atomic structure of silver color centers in glasses and the Ag X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectrum, which is necessary for determining the structure of glasses.
Pathogenesis-Guided Rational Engineering of Nanotherapies for the Targeted Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Inhibiting Neutrophilic Inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains a fatal disease in the elderly. Currently, no drugs can be clinically used for AAA therapy. Considering the pivotal role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of AAA, herein we propose the targeted therapy of AAA by site-specifically regulating neutrophilic inflammation. Based on a luminol-conjugated α-cyclodextrin material (LaCD), intrinsically anti-inflammatory nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by simple nanoprecipitation, which were examined as a nanotherapy (defined as LaCD NP). After efficient accumulation in the aneurysmal aorta and localization in pathologically relevant inflammatory cells in rats with CaCl2-induced AAA, LaCD NP significantly alleviated AAA progression, as implicated by the decreased aortic expansion, suppressed elastin degradation, inhibited calcification, and improved structural integrity of the abdominal aorta. By functionalizing LaCD NP with alendronate, a calcification-targeting moiety, the in vivo aneurysmal targeting capability of LaCD NP was considerably enhanced, thereby affording significantly potentiated therapeutic outcomes in AAA rats. Mechanistically, LaCD NP can effectively inhibit neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses in the aneurysmal aorta. Particularly, LaCD NP potently attenuated the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), thereby suppressing NETs-mediated pro-inflammatory events and NETosis-associated negative effects responsible for AAA progression. Consequently, we demonstrated the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of anti-NETosis nanotherapies for the targeted treatment of AAA. Our findings provide promising insights into discovering precision therapies for AAA and other inflammatory vascular diseases.
Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory factor 1, that expresses B-cell- and T-cell-stimulating activities.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A cDNA sequence coding for a human interleukin has been isolated from a concanavalin A-activated human T-cell cDNA library based on homology with a mouse interleukin cDNA that expresses B-cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) activity and T-cell- and mast-cell-stimulating activities. The human cDNA contains a single open reading frame encoding a protein of 153 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide. Amino acid sequences of the mouse and human polypeptides, deduced from their cDNAs, share extensive homology with the exception of about 40 amino acid residues near the middle portion, which share little homology. Supernatant of COS-7 monkey cells transfected with the human cDNA clone stimulated proliferation of human helper T-cell clones and of anti-IgM-activated human B cells, two properties of mouse BSF-1 on mouse cells. These results indicate that this human cDNA clone encodes a protein structurally and functionally homologous to mouse BSF-1.
Dominant recombination path in low-bandgap kesterite CZTSe(S) solar cells from red light induced metastability

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Hetero-junction kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells with low bandgap obtained from three different methods of fabrication were exposed to red light illumination, and the changes observed in their electronic properties due to this exposure were studied via open circuit voltage transients, admittance spectroscopy, capacitance voltage profiling techniques, and SCAPS simulation fits to experimental data. The results from the aforementioned techniques, in combination with temperature-dependent current voltage analysis, can be used to reveal the dominant Shockley–Read–Hall recombination path at open circuit voltage. We also derived analytical expressions for the activation energy of the saturation current density and the diode quality factor for the specific case of a solar cell device that has no type inversion at the absorber/buffer interface and is limited by interface recombination in the open circuit condition. It is found that the dominant recombination pathway for the low bandgap Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells under consideration is located in the space charge region and not at the absorber/buffer interface.
(B.) Acosta-Hughes Arion's Lyre. Archaic Lyric into Hellenistic Poetry. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. Pp. xiii + 252. £27.95. 9780691095257.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Two concepts of community in the Niger Delta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to understand what two apparently contrasting concepts of communality and place attachment say about the quality of community life in the Niger Delta. Design/methodology/approach The research for this paper relied on extensive qualitative and quantitative data: qualitative data were collected from five oil-rich and three oil-poor communities across Ogoniland, while quantitative data were collected from four of these communities. Thematic content analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data, while the quantitative data were analysed through Excel. Findings Most participants from both oil-rich and oil-poor communities strongly reject a social sense of communality and strongly endorse a geographical sense of place. Practical implications The wider implication of this finding is that proponents of community development (CD) have a choice between either the cynical option of noting that Ogoni’s strong sense of place means that they will tolerate limited CD, or the noble option of noting that Ogoni’s strong sense of place is a solid foundation on which to build sustainable CD by empowering citizens to create their own future. Originality/value The originality of this study is twofold. First, it shows the complexity of people’s sense of community encompassing widely different and possibly contradictory elements. Second, it reveals the strength and persistence of people’s attachment to place despite its physical shortcomings.