jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Production of Alkaline Enzymes by Alkalophilic Microorganisms

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacillus No. A-40-2 isolated from soil produced an alkaline amylase in alkaline media. The characteristic point of this microorganism was especially good growth in alkaline media, and no growth was detected in neutral media such as nutrient broth. The alkaline amylase of Bacillus No. A-40-2 was purified by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyl apatite columns. The amylase was most active at pH 10.5 and stable pH was about 8.5. Calcium ion was effective to stabilize the enzyme especially at high temperatures. The sedimentation constant was about 3.8 S and molecular weight estimated by the Sephadex gel-filtration method was about 70000. The enzyme was inactivated by urea, sodium laurylsulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. EDTA, PCMB and DFP did not show inhibitory effect. The enzyme hydrolyzed about 700 of starch and yielded glucose, maltose and maltotriose. If the enzyme is a single entity, this alkaline amylase is a type of saccharifying α-amylase.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 6814 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is one of (Abies sibirica)", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 6814 records from 92 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0051034-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Drying characteristics of mushrooms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mushrooms are delicious food with nutritional value, but extremely perishable and due to several physiological and morphological changes, which occur after harvest, become unacceptable for consumption.The most popular way to process mushrooms is drying.This research aims to investigate the drying characteristics of several typical types of common mushrooms.The objectives of the present study are: 1) to investigate the drying rate and diffusion coefficient variation; 2) to compare the drying characteristics of two methods of drying: forced convection drying and natural convection; 3) to compare the drying characteristics of forest mushrooms and mushrooms cultivated by artificial intensive methods.During this research two types of mushrooms growing in the wild and also mushrooms grown commercially and commonly available in shops have been investigated: Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), Portobello mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and Red cracking bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron).These three types of mushrooms have been selected because they differ markedly by their structure, the conditions of the substrate on which they grow, and the verified results of the drying process.The drying process was determined gravimetrically at normal summer temperature about 28.7 ºC and relative humidity of 43%.The total drying time 25 hours was adapted to the need for determination of the lowest moisture content, which can be achieved by convective drying.The research results show that forced convection has a strong positive influence on the drying process comparing with drying by natural convection and reduces the time.The forced convection has significant impact on moisture removal only during the first 7 hours of the experiment.It is recommended to interrupt the air flow for the rest of drying, which allows optimizing the power consumption.Noticeable changes in thickness which decreases should be taken into account in diffusion coefficient determination.
PURE LAGRANGIAN VORTEX METHODS FOR THE SIMULATION OF DECAYING ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The assessment of the vortex method for its application to turbulent flow simulation is performed through computation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. In particular, the energy transfer across various scales of turbulence and the representation of the viscous dissipation are examined. The core spreading method and particle strength exchange were selected as the viscous diffusion scheme to be tested. The computations were accelerated by the use of a fast multipole method modified for periodic boundary conditions. Results show that both diffusion schemes are able to reproduce essential dynamics of turbulence including the decay of kinetic energy, though the spatial adaption is necessary even if the number of vortex elements is sufficiently large.
Merger of Critical Realism and Complexity Theory: Laying the Foundations for a Unified Ontological and Epistemological Perspective for the Study of Social Systems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper endeavors to engage Complexity Theory (CT) and Critical Realism (CR) in a constructive dialogue, aiming to build bridges between the two epistemological premises. CT, as a new perspective, is being endorsed in various fields, including the social sciences, where a shift from a linear, mechanistic and reductionist view, towards a recognition of the complex and dynamic nature of social processes, is realized. More specifically, this study examines the commonalities and distinctions between CT and CR, highlighting their complementary strengths. By exploring their potential integration, the paper argues for a beneficial merger that could result in a unified framework. Such a framework would also align with contemporary philosophical and scientific thought, offering a more robust understanding of complex social phenomena. Ultimately, this dialogue seeks to inspire further interdisciplinary research, foster a deeper engagement with the epistemological and ontological challenges and encourage ongoing academic discourse that bridges theoretical divides.
Transformation of Inseminated Females of Aphytis lingnanensis1 into Factitious Virgins by Low-Temperature Treatment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Exposure of adult Aphytis lingnanensis Compere to the low temperature of 30cF for 8 or more hours nearly always caused 100% mortality of sperm in the testes of males and in the spermathecae of mated females, but there were exceptions. However, prolongation of treatment to positively insure complete sperm mortality resulted in excessive mortality of the treated adults as well as excessive reduction in progeny production by the survivors. Different genetic strains had different requirements for the period of cold treatment necessary to cause complete sperm sterilization. Cold-sterilized males of A. lingnanensis were found to display normal courtship and copulatory behavior, but cold-sterilized previously mated females of this species did not accept males a second time, even though normal males were provided. Cold treatment of males apparently had a permanent sterilizing effect. No sperm regeneration whatsoever occurred during the lifetime of the males tested. A pilot test to study the effect of cold treatment on virgin females indicated that none of the previously cold-treated virgin females subsequently were inseminated by the normal males provided, inasmuch as they produced only male progeny. Whether this phenomenon resulted from a lack of sexual receptivity of the cold-treated subvirgin females or whether they became unattractive to males or were otherwise affected is not known. On the other hand, in the control using untreated virgin females, normal insemination and production of female progeny occurred after males were provided.

The following possible uses have been suggested for the cold-sterilization technique: (1) mated females of species that are multi-nuptial might be artificially transformed into virgins by this method for use in interstrain or interspecific crosses, provided 100% sperm mortality could be achieved and the females remained psychologically and physiologically suitable for subsequent matings. (2) the technique may be used to sterilize mated females for the purpose of isolating a uniparental strain (females that are capable of reproducing by thelytoklus parthenogenesis) of a hymenopterous parasite from a biparental culture. (3) the technique may be used to maintain a favorable sex ratio in laboratory cultures of parasitic Hymenoptera that exhibit the phenomenon of autoparasitism. (4) possibly the technique may be used as a substitute for irradiation or chemosterilization in methods of insect pest control involving the sterile-male technique or other uses of sterile individuals for population manipulation.
Feature and Mechanism of Constructed Wetland Wastewater Treatment System

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Constructed Wetland has the advantages of high efficiency,energy saving and low construction and running cost. It is an efficient ecological waste water treatment technology. The removal mechanism is complex. This paper introduced the system structure,types,purifying principle,and through the analysis of influencing factors,put forward some problems need to be considered in design,construction and operation management of the constructed wetland waste water treatment system.
The temperature dependence of the characteristics of crystalline-silicon-based heterojunction solar cells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Temperature dependences of the photovoltaic characteristics of (p)a-Si/(i)a-Si:H/(n)c-Si singlecrystalline- silicon based heterojunction-with-intrinsic-thin-layer (HIT) solar cells have been measured in a temperature range of 80–420 K. The open-circuit voltage (V OC), fill factor (FF) of the current–voltage (I–U) characteristic, and maximum output power (P max) reach limiting values in the interval of 200–250 K on the background of monotonic growth in the short-circuit current (I SC) in a temperature range of 80–400 K. At temperatures below this interval, the V OC, FF, and P max values exhibit a decrease. It is theoretically justified that a decrease in the photovoltaic energy conversion characteristics of solar cells observed on heating from 250 to 400 K is related to exponential growth in the intrinsic conductivity. At temperatures below 200 K, the I–U curve shape exhibits a change that is accompanied by a drop in V OC. Possible factors that account for the decrease in V OC, FF, and P max are considered.
Kinetics of γ → α phase transformation in Fe-Mn alloys containing low manganese

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics of the γ → α phase transformation in Fe-Mn alloys with low Mn contents was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Analysis of the measured heat capacity yielded both the austenite fractions as a function of temperature as well as the enthalpy difference between ferrite and austenite which decreases with increases in both the temperature and the Mn concentration. The transformation was modelled using an interface controlled growth model. It was assumed that the interface velocity is proportional to the chemical potential difference of the Fe lattice. The interface mobility has a simple exponential temperature dependence. Taking into account the austenite grain size distribution, the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for the interface mobility were estimated from the heat effects at 140 kJ mol−1 and 58 mm mol J−1 S−1 respectively.
The Contribution of SME to Regional Economic Development: On example of Adjara Autonomous Republic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. It determines the economic growth rate of the country/region and the structure of the gross national product. The article aims at evaluating the contribution of SME to the regional economic development on example Adjara A.R. (Republic of Georgia), investigating and analyzing importance of SME development at regional level and discussing the factors influence on its development. In the research section of the given article econometric analyses of SME key indicators is conducted by linear log-regression model based on statistical data of 2006-2019 years. The results of the research study show positive impacts of the number of employees and their productivity on gross value added. The study aims at underlining the government policy supporting an advantageous SME environment and conditions, which is a precondition for regional economic development.
A review of brain stimulation and neuromodulation therapies as a treatment of depression as a behavioural and psychological symptom of vascular dementia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for approximately 15% of all cases of dementia. While there are many different definitions of vascular dementia, it is generally understood to refer to “disease with a cognitive impairment resulting from cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic or haemorrhagic brain injury”. Research suggests that 30% of patients with VaD also suffer from depression. The treatment of depression in VaD with pharmacological therapy is relatively well-established, with the first line drug being a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). However, a relatively under-researched area is the use of brain stimulation and neuromodulation therapies for the treatment of depression in VaD. Objectives This review aims to provide a critical analysis on the efficacy and safety of brain stimulation therapies in treating depression in VaD to determine whether it is an appropriate treatment option. Methods The databases used were PubMed and WebofScience. The available literature was analysed which resulted in three papers which met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. Results In all three studies, depressive symptoms improved after ECT was administered, regardless of the specific tool used to measure the severity of depression. The side effects experienced were also only temporary and resolved independently which speaks to the safety of ECT as a treatment option. Conclusions The results of the study prove that ECT is a safe and effective option in treating depression in VaD. However, more research is needed for the medical community to fully understand the different treatment options and say with certainty which is the safest and most effective. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Human plasma actin‐depolymerizing factor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The plasma and serum of humans and various animal species exert an actin‐depolymerizing activity. Human actin‐depolymerizing factor (ADF) has been purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE‐cellulose and blue‐Sepharose chromatography. It is a single polypeptide of approximately 90 kDa, with a pI between 6.0 and 6.5. ADF is heat and trypsin‐sensitive, inactivated by EGTA, not stained by HIO 4 /Schiff on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE), and not retained on a concanavalin‐A–Sepharose column. Incubation of ethanol‐fixed cultured cells or unfixed cryostat tissue sections with ADF abolishes immunofluorescent actin staining, by a mechanism which involves extraction of actin from the preparations. ADF promotes fragmentation and depolymerization of actin filaments as shown by electron microscopy, differential ultracentrifugation and DNAse I inhibition assay. This depolymerized actin retains its mobility on SDS/PAGE and is able to repolymerize in the presence of EGTA. Human white blood cells and platelets (but neither human fibroblasts nor white blood cells and platelets from pig, rat and rabbit) contain a 90‐kDa protein reacting with an antibody raised in rabbit against human ADF as judged by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting techniques. Immunoblots of human granulocyte subcellular fractions suggest that the protein reacting with ADF antibody is present in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. ADF may play a role in solubilization of plasma actin and in the intracellular organization of actin, and should be useful for the evaluation of the relative stability of cytoplasmic actin filaments in various physiological and pathological processes.
An Introduction of BOM Modeling Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Component based modeling has been a research hotpot in the area of Modeling and Simulation for a long time.In order to increase the reusability and interoperability of models, this paper put forward a component based modeling framework called BOM Modeling Framework (BMF) based on BOM specification.The structure, principles, formalisms and behaviors of BMF were presented in detail first.The description and framework of Atomic BOM model and coupled BOM model in BMF were studied in succession.At last, the developing process of BMF models was introduced.The prototype developed showed that BMF could not only promote the reusability and interoperability of models but also improve the efficiency and easy the process of M&S.
Lyophilized Platelet-Rich Fibrin Exudate-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan/GelMA Hydrogel for Efficient Bone Defect Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous growth factor carrier that promotes bone tissue regeneration, but its effectiveness is restrained by poor storage capabilities, uncontrollable concentration of growth factors, unstable shape, etc. Herein, we developed a photocrosslinkable composite hydrogel by incorporating lyophilized PRF exudate (LPRFe) into the carboxymethyl chitosan methacryloyl (CMCSMA)/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to effectively solve the dilemma of PRF. The hydrogel possessed suitable physical properties and sustainable release ability of growth factors in LPRFe. The LPRFe-loaded hydrogel could improve the adhesion, proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, the animal experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel possessed excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and the introduction of LPRFe in the hydrogel can effectively accelerate the bone healing process. Conclusively, the combination of LPRFe with CMCSMA/GelMA hydrogel may be a promising therapeutic approach for bone defects.
Accelerated Discovery of Novel Ponatinib Analogs with Improved Properties for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating and common neurodegenerative disease. New insights implicating c-Abl activation as a driving force in PD have opened a new drug development avenue for PD treatment beyond the symptomatic relief by L-DOPA. BCR-Abl inhibitors, which include nilotinib and ponatinib, have been found to inhibit this process, and nilotinib has shown improvement in outcomes in a 12-patient, nonrandomized trial. However, nilotinib is a potent inhibitor of hERG, a cardiac K+ channel whose inhibition increases risk of sudden death. We used our machine learning approach to predict novel molecules that would inhibit c-Abl while also having minimal liability against hERG. Of our six novel compounds tested, we identified two that had c-Abl potencies comparable to nilotinib, but with significantly improved profiles regarding the hERG channel. Our best compound exhibited a hERG IC50 of 12.1 μM (compared to nilotinib with an IC50 of 0.45 μM and ponatinib with IC50 of 0.767 μM). This work is a step forward for a machine learning enabled, multiparameter optimization of a chemical space and represents a significant advance in the development of novel Parkinson's therapies.
Differential Late-Cenozoic vertical motions of the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault and the Jiangyou-Guanxian Fault in the central Longmenshan range and their tectonic implications

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,several groups did some researches on theCenozoic exhumation history of the Longmenshan range.However,to the east of the Pengguan massif,the thermochronology data are still scarce and the exhumation history is unknown,as the previous researches mainly focus on the Pengguan massif.The research on the exhumation history of the rocks to the east of the Pengguan massif can not only help to understand the Cenozoic faulting histories of the faults at the Longmenshan Thrust Belt,but also make significant constraints on the uplift mechanism of the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau.We add some fission track samples along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and the JiangyouGuanxian fault,on the basis of previous studies.The samples are dated at the Fission Track Lab of the National Chung Cheng University,with the external detector method.We get 6Zircon Fission Track(ZFT)data and 6Apatite Fission Track(AFT)data.At the hanging wall of the Jiangyou-Guanxian fault,the AFT data show significant difference divided by the Xiaoyudong fault.To the south of the Xiaoyudong fault,the AFT age is 39 Ma,while the ages are between 6—8 Ma to the north.The research reveals that the vertical activities of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and the Jiangyou-Guanxian fault since 8 Ma are much different separated by the Xiaoyudong fault:north to the Xiaoyudong fault,the average vertical slip rate along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and the Jiangyou-Guanxian fault is about 0.1mm·a-1 and about 0.55mm·a-1,respectively;south to the Xiaoyudong fault,the average vertical slip rate along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Jiangyou-Guanxian fault is about 0.55mm·a-1 and about 0.1mm·a-1,respectively.The lateCenozoic vertical slip rate of the faults revealed by the thermochronology data is coincided with the co-seismic vertical displacement of the Wenchuan earthquake.The horizontal shortening across the Jiangyou-Guanxian fault(north to the Xiaoyudong fault)reaches 8~12km since8 Ma,which indicates that the crustal shortening performing as the thrust movement along the main faults is the one of the main causes for the uplift and exhumation of the Longmenshan range.Our results don′t support the lower crust thickening model for the uplift of the Longmenshan range.
Constitutional Aspects of Opinion 1/94 of the ECJ Concerning the Wto Agreement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The conclusion of the Uruguay Round and the establishment of the World Trade Organisation raised one of the most touchy issues of the European architecture, notably the division of powers between the Community and the member States in the field of international economic relations. The dispute was settled by the European Court of Justice in Opinion 1/94, which was delivered on 15 November 1994. 1 Although more than a year has passed since its publication, there are still a number of good reasons to explore the findings of the Court in Opinion 1/94 from the point of view of the Community constitution.
Snake Venom Identification via Fluorescent Discrimination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The identification and discrimination of snake venom are highly desired for timely clinical treatment. However, the complex components in snake venom make it a great challenge to achieve rapid and accurate identification. Inspired by the organism's taste sensing system, a fluorescent sensor array that could differentiate snake venoms was fabricated. The interaction of snake venoms with different fluorescent dyes in the sensor array gave rich information, based on which efficient detection of complex snake venom was achieved. The main six proteins of snake venom in the same concentration, different concentrations, and their mixtures were identified with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, seven snake venoms belonging to different snake families were discriminated in PBS buffer and human plasma. Interferents of bovine serum albumin (BSA), thrombin, and transferrin (TRF) demonstrated the practicability of the fluorescent sensor array. This strategy of a multiresponse sensor array provides an effective method for accurate and rapid venom toxicology analysis, benefiting early and timely clinical diagnosis and treatment.