jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARISON OF ITEMS‟ AND TESTEES‟ABILITY PARAMETERESTIMATIONIN DICHOTOMOUS AND POLITOMUS SCORING(STUDIES IN THE READING ABILITY OF TEST OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to compare the testees‘ ability estimation in the politomus and
dichotomous scoring model. The data used in this study are the responses of testees to the
Test of English Proficiency (TOEP) set 1 in reading subtest, which are usually scoring in
dichotomous model then they are scoring in politomus model. In the reading subtest of
TOEP, in one text presented several items related to the text. In the dichotomous scoring,
each item is scored one by one item. As alternative, every item item is scored using
dichotomous model separately, but for every text, the acquisition of these items are added to
the score attained politomous model. The estimation of items‘ and abilities‘ parameter in
dichotomous scoring were done using the Rasch models and in the politomous scoring were
done with partial credit models using QUEST software. Comparative analysis of the two
models are seen based on the average results of the estimated difficulty level, graphical
analysis, calculating the correlation, and the results of the value of information function. The
results of the analysis showed that the average item difficulty dichotomous scoring model is
0.486 with a standard deviation of 0.895 and the mean level of difficulty politomous scoring
model is -0.105 with a standard deviation of 0.695. The correlations between abilities of
participants using the dichotomous and the politomous scoring model is 0.94. The value of
information function in the dichotomous scoring model is higher than in the politomous
scoring models. These results indicate that the Reading of TOEP set 1,the dichotomous
scoring model is better than the politomous scoring model.
Strategi Peningkatan Keseimbangan Kehidupan Kerja Untuk Kesejahteraan Karyawan UMKM CV Jati Furniture Kemirahan Malang

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview for SMEs about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that companies have in determining strategies and their implementation related to the Work-Life Balance Strategy at CV Jati Kemirahan Malang which is used as a policy basis in making decisions to increase employee welfare according to the strategy The selected. With a case study research design, researchers conducted research on CV Jati Kemirahan Malang. This research uses primary and secondary data, namely questionnaires and performance reports. Using SWOT analysis to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to determine the right strategy. From the results of the SWOT analysis, namely expansion, CV Jati Kemirahan Malang must innovate and develop to be able to maintain and improve employee welfare. To support the strategy that has been set, CV Jati Kemirahan Malang needs help from the government and employees' families.
CHALLENGES OF NURSING DOCUMENTATION IN CORONARYCARE UNIT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF NURSES' EXPERIENCES

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT
Evidence shows that there are challenges in nursing documentation in CCU. Studying nurses’ experiences of documentation can help acquire a deep understanding about documentation-related challenges and develop strategies for promoting documentation. The purpose of
the study was to explore nurses’ experiences of documentation in CCU. This descriptive qualitative research was conducted in 2015 by using
the conventional content analysis approach. A purposive sample of fifteen nurses was recruited. Unstructured interviews were held for data
collection. Data analysis was done by using the Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis approach. Data trustworthiness was maintained
through the criteria Lincoln and Guba. The study participants’ experiences of documentation in CCU fell into three main themes including
‘Documentation: an instrument for or a barrier to conscious and safe care’, ‘Reality-documentation-principles gap’, and ‘Dynamic
management-person interaction and high-quality condition for documentation’. Nursing documentation has a contradictory nature for nurses and is perceived differently from ‘an instrument for care provision’ to ‘a barrier to care provision’. However, the gap between realities and documentations diminishes the value of documentations. Managerial supervision and provision of necessary infrastructures for reality-based
documentation can enhance the quality of nursing documentation in CCU.
[Reconstruction of the orbital roof after tumor resection with a pedicled muscle calvarial flap--the calvaria temporalis flap].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The reconstruction after radical orbital exenteration and tumor resection in the anterior skull base may be difficult. To cover these particular perforations we introduce a calvarial bone flap vascularized by a pedicle of the temporal muscle. Technique and experience in 6 cases are reported.
Comparative Evaluation of Alteration in Salivary Flow Rate Between Betal Nut/Gutkha Chewers with and Without OSMF, and Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Case-Control Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has infested the oral cavities of “betel nut” and “gutkha” chewers in a pandemic manner. It has one of the highest rates of malignant transformation among the various oral potentially malignant epithelial lesions. Chewing of gutkha alters the salivary parameters including salivary flow rate (SFR) as well as salivary pH. Aim: The present study intended to assess and compare the SFR between betel nut/gutkha chewers with and without OSMF and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective case–control study comprising 90 individuals within an age range of 15–50 years who were divided into three groups with Group A consisting of 30 patients who were betel nut/gutkha chewers with OSMF, Group B consisting of 30 individuals who were betel nut/gutkha chewers but without OSMF and Group C consisting of 30 healthy controls who were included as normal controls. The assessment of the SFR was done and the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean SFR in Group B patients was significantly more than Group A and Group C individuals. Moreover, the mean SFR in patients with OSMF Stage I was significantly more as compared to patients in Stage II and Stage III OSMF. Conclusion: We concluded that reduced SFR could be an initial subjective sign of OSMF. An early diagnosis and management of these changes can help such patients to improve their quality of life significantly and decreases the chance of the ongoing malignant transformation with early intervention.
NARROW AND DWARF LEAF 1, the Ortholog of Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1/DORNRÖSCHEN, Mediates Leaf Development and Maintenance of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Oryza sativa L

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The molecular basis for leaf development, a major focus in developmental biology, remains unclear in the monocotyledonous grass, rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we performed a mutant screen in rice and identified an AP2-type transcription factor family protein, NARROW AND DWARF LEAF1 (NDL1). NDL1 is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana (subsequently called Arabidopsis) ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 (ESR1)/DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and mediates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Loss of function of NDL1 results in bladeless leaves and SAMs that are flat, rather than dome-shaped, and lack cell proliferation activity. This loss of function also causes reduced auxin signaling. Moreover, as is the case with Arabidopsis ESR1/DRN, NDL1 plays crucial roles in shoot regeneration. Importantly, we found that NDL1 is not expressed in the SAM but is expressed in leaf primordia. We propose that NDL1 cell autonomously regulates leaf development, but non-cell autonomously regulates SAM maintenance in rice.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This introductory chapter outlines some possible professional, political, and demographic reasons for social scientists' limited attention to the Holocaust. The disincentives to the study of the Holocaust among social scientists ran deeper than the professional insecurities of Jewish scholars and concerned the very nature of modern social science itself, which had become increasingly theoretical and technical and focused on empirical generalization, methodology, and prediction. The chapter focuses on political science, sociology, and demography, discussing the analytic framework that has developed to enable these social scientists to begin to make significant contributions to the understanding of the Holocaust. It then looks at the importance of social scientific research. Sustained social scientific engagement with the Holocaust, the chapter argues, will benefit various disciplines, the understanding of the Holocaust, and the new generation of scholars ready to take up this challenge.
The SSVEP topographic scalp maps by Canonical correlation analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

As the number of electrodes increases, topographic scalp mapping methods for electroencephalogram (EEG) data analysis are becoming important. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a method of extracting similarity between two data sets. This paper presents an EEG topographic scalp mapping -based CCA for the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) analysis. Multi-channel EEG data and the sinusoidal reference signal were used as the inputs of CCA. The output linear combination was then employed for mapping. Our experimental results prove the topographic scalp mapping-based CCA can instruct for the improvement of SSVEP-based brain computer interface (BCI) system.
Bilateral Brodie's abscess at the proximal tibia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Brodie's abscess is a form of subacute osteomyelitis, which typically involves the metaphyses of the long tubular bones, particularly in the tibia. The diagnosis is usually made incidentally, as there are no accompanying symptoms or laboratory studies. Bilateral involvement at the proximal tibia is unusual. However, orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of this entity, as it may present without symptoms. Checking the contralateral limb for concomitant Brodie's abscess is recommended.
Influence of licensing on investor behavior amongst the micro, small and medium enterprises in Nairobi city county

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Government regulations in Kenya have been identified as major impediments in doing \nbusiness, among other factors, making Kenya a low investments country internationally. \nLicensing has been identified as one of the major government regulations that businesses \nmust comply with. The study investigates the influence of licenses on investor behavior. \nIt highlights the exact problems encountered by business people when acquiring licenses. \nThe methodology used to perform this research is the collection of data from a random \nsample of the MSMEs within the Nairobi CBD. Questionnaires have been used as the \nmain instruments that enable the collection of data from the respondents. The issues \nhighlighted by the research are costs of licenses, time consumed in acquiring licenses, \nefforts made in acquiring licenses, corruption issues and number of licenses required. The \nfindings of the research show that cost of licenses, time spent to obtain licenses, efforts \nmade in acquiring licenses, informal payments made by the investors while obtaining \nlicenses and the number of licenses required affect the investor behavior. The findings \nshow that many MSMEs prefer to make informal payments such as bribes so as to obtain \ntheir licenses quickly and to evade the penalties charged by the government. The \nconclusion of the research shows that a lot is yet to be done by the government in terms \nof reforming the licensing procedures. The reforms that have been made are not enough \nto encourage investors to make investment decisions. There are still many aspects of \nlicenses that negatively affect investor behavior. The recommendations made in this \nresearch paper include reviewing the cost of obtaining licenses so as to reduce the costs if \npossible; reducing the number of licensing procedures so as to reduce time spent in \nobtaining licenses; reducing the number of licenses required; instilling ethics so as to \nprevent corruption; and adopting electronic methods of issuing licenses so as to reduce \nthe efforts required in obtaining licenses.
The Carians of Borsippa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The state channelled the influx of foreign groups into Babylonian society in various ways during the Chaldean and Persian periods (mid-first millennium BC). The military land-grant system placed incoming groups in the Babylonian countryside and tied them to the king through the principle of “land-for-service”. This scheme is known mainly by its results, for instance in the numerous fiefs occupied by ethnic groups in the area of Nippur in the late fifth century BC (Stolper, Entrepreneurs and Empire ). Other foreigners were brought to Babylonia as war captives and were sold into slavery or donated to the country 's many temples (e.g. Bongenaar/Haring, JCS 46). Unpublished records from Borsippa point towards the existence of another system through which the state regulated the income of foreign ethnic groups. This system relied on the resources of private Babylonian citizens to provide rations and perhaps also shelter to individually assigned foreigners. The dossier that sheds light on this scheme does not answer all the questions that it raises, but it does show the basic workings of the system and herein it is unique, even though the system itself is perhaps not without historical precedent. The importance of this dossier is enhanced by the fact that it deals with an ethnic group that is otherwise badly attested in Babylonia: the Carians.
Building a Tolerant Muslim Society Amidst the Indonesian Diversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia is a country with a pluralistic social structure. Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with most people embracing Islam is one of the indicators of a pluralistic country. If it is not managed well, this diversity can become a trigger for conflict. Pengalangan, a village in Gresik, East Java, has a plural-harmonious community structure. The religion plurality, Islam and Hinduism, is the dominant character, with Muslims as the majority. The construction of harmony between religious communities cannot be separated from a tolerant Muslim society. The formation of a tolerant Muslim society begins with the process of internalizing inclusive Islamic values; ta’aruf, tasammuh, ta’awun. This process produces a stock of knowledge for Muslims which becomes a guide for the second and third processes. The second process is externalization; the adapting Muslim communities to differences. In this adaptation process, Muslims use their stock of knowledge as a guide for adaptation. The third process is objectivation; the process of interaction of Muslim communities with the ability to self-identify based on their stock of knowledge. Finally, with an ethnographic study, a model for the formation of a tolerant Muslim society as a prototype in Indonesia can be found.
Dilemmas, limitations and challenges of place leadership: instability and transitional dynamics in post-Brexit Northern Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper considers place leadership in sub-national settings characterised by complex post-conflict legacies that are engendering volatility and stasis. Using Northern Ireland as an illustrative case, we identify leadership dilemmas through the experience of a region where those in leadership roles are struggling to navigate problematic community and policy legacies. While the idea of place leadership offers much conceptual promise as a means of overcoming instability, there are many critical tensions ‘on the ground’ in Northern Ireland that render place leadership approaches risky to enact and vulnerable to a combination of
opposing forces and ongoing post-Brexit policy turbulence.
Hip joint structures assessment in juvenile idiopathic (chronic) arthritis with ultrasound TOC \o "1-5" \h \z examination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sonographic (SG) examination of hip joints was performed in 100 pts with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) with different forms, activity and duration. SG signs of hip joint inflammation in JCA were identified. SG features in pts with different disease duration, form and activity were revealed. SG changes of clinically unchanged hip joints were noted which may be of important significance for early diagnosis of coxitis. More wide use of arthrosonography in pediatric rheumatology was proved.
Error-free all-optical wavelength conversion at 160 gb/s using a semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical bandpass filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Error-free and pattern-independent wavelength conversion at 160 Gb/s is demonstrated. The wavelength converter utilizes a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with a recovery time greater than 90 ps and an optical bandpass filter (OBF) placed at the amplifier output. This paper shows that an OBF with a central wavelength that is blue shifted compared to the central wavelength of the converted signal shortens the recovery time of the wavelength converter to 3 ps. The wavelength converter is constructed by using commercially available fiber-pigtailed components. It has a simple configuration and allows photonic integration
Optimization of pyrolysis conditions for production of reductant charcoal

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Steel is one of the most important materials used in modern society. The majority of the steel produced today is based on the use of coke and contributes a lot to greenhouse gases emission. Many researchers have been laid on the possibility to replace part of the fossil-based energy source in iron making with renewable, biomass-derived reducing agent. The main problems of this replacement are some difference of in quality between coke and wood charcoal (more reactive, less strength and carbon content) It causes a little shutdown of production in blast furnace and additional cost to modify a furnace. The aim of this paper was to determine in a statistical manner how carbonizations parameters impact the charcoal quality, especially reactivity and mechanical parameter. We applied a random factorial design and used the General linear System procedure to perform the statistical analysis. The experimental study was carried out using Eucalyptus Urophylla and Eucalyptus Camadulensis wood and involved two carbonization temperature (350 and 600°C), two relative working pressure (2 and 6bars) and two heating rates(1 and 5°C/min). Six response variables were analyzed and discussed following a random factorial design: the charcoal yield (y char), the fixed carbon content (Cf), the bulk density (D), the compressive strength (Rm), friability (F) and the reactivity(R) of charcoal. Except for the friability of charcoal, all other property are well correlate with carbonization parameter. In the range of low carbonisation parameter, reactivity of charcoal is affected only by carbonization temperature.
Multi-objective maximum correlated Kurtosis deconvolution and its application in rotating machinery fault diagnosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Maximum correlated Kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) has been proven to be a useful way to enhance periodic pulses in rotating machinery fault diagnosis, such as rolling bearings and gears. However, when facing multiple-fault-coupled signals, MCKD is only capable of intensifying the characteristics of one of the faults, which can easily cause missed diagnoses and misjudgments in fault diagnosis. Meanwhile, the correlated kurtosis (CK) index only considers the time-domain feature and ignores the feature in the envelope spectrum of the signal. In order to deal with these problems, a multi-objective maximum correlated Kurtosis deconvolution (MOMCKD) is introduced in this paper. In this method, the fault period set is first established so that deconvolution is no longer limited to enhancing one fault characteristic. Then the idea of the candidate eigenvector set is proposed, and the eigenvectors are identified and screened according to the fault characteristics in the envelope spectrum. In contrast to original MCKD, this method can simultaneously output various fault signal components in a compound fault signal, reducing the complexity of fault diagnosis operations and improving the accuracy of the results. Finally, the good effect and high superiority are proved by handling simulated signals and experimental data.
Fluctuation spectra of weakly driven nonlinear systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show that in periodically driven systems, along with the delta-peak at the\ndriving frequency, the spectral density of fluctuations displays extra\nfeatures. These can be peaks or dips with height quadratic in the driving\namplitude, for weak driving. For systems where inertial effects can be\ndisregarded, the peaks/dips are generally located at zero frequency and at the\ndriving frequency. The shape and intensity of the spectra very sensitively\ndepend on the parameters of the system dynamics. To illustrate this sensitivity\nand the generality of the effect, we study three types of systems: an\noverdamped Brownian particle (e.g., an optically trapped particle), a two-state\nsystem that switches between the states at random, and a noisy threshold\ndetector. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with numerical\nsimulations.\n
Implementation of emission spectroscopy on investigation of material ablation in high speed high temperature flow field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To investigate the ablation process of a carbon steel model, emission spectroscopy was applied in a 20 MW arc-heater. 21 frames of spectral data were captured in the 4-seconds test, which consists of the radiation from Oxygen, Nitrogen, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Sodium, Chromium, and Calcium. Atom species, gas temperature and number density at 2.7 s after ignition (start power supply) were determined, the gas temperature is finally determined as 6700 ± 400 Kelvin. The temperature and number density evolution during the test was given based on the time series spectral data, which show us that the temperature results calculated by atom spectral lines of Copper (510.5/515.3), Iron (527.3/537.3) and Nitrogen (862.9/871.1) were reliable, the constant value of temperature and number density also confirm the stability of the test condition.
The rheological behavior of EPDM Nordel IP and POE engage produced by CGC and INSITE™ technology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rheological behavior of EPDM Nordel and POE Engage produced by CGC and INSITE™ technology are studied with double capillary rheometer of constant speed type. It is indicated that the melt viscosity of EPDM Nordel IP 3745P is higher and the nonlinear fluidity is stronger compared with Nordel IP 3722P, because the molecular weight of Nordel IP 3745P is higher and the MWD is narrow. We compare the melt viscosity of POE Engage GPE8003 with that of Engage GPE8150, and indicate that the influence of temperature on viscosity of Engage GPE8003 is obvious and the influence of shear rate on viscosity of Engage GPE8150 is stronger, which was related to the octene percent in material. The melt slide at wall and the extrusion pressure vibration occurred with EPDM Nordel IP 3745P. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2847–2853, 2006