jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Usefulness of transrectal echography in the study of rectal cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents the initial results of a study designed to measure the ability of transrectal ultrasonography (TU) in determining the degree of local invasion of rectal cancer, comparing the preoperative radiographic diagnosis with the histological one. The series consists of 30 patients. In 24 cases preoperative TU was performed--following confirmation of the histological diagnosis--and in six cases UT was used after surgery to study the anastomosis. The postoperative group consists of eight males and 16 females, with a mean age of 70; in 14 cases the tumors were located in the lower third of the rectum, and in 10 cases in the middle third. In 12 of these 24 cases, pelvic CAT was also performed. TU showed the correct stage in 17 of the 24 (70.8%), with two false positives and five false negatives. CAT showed the correct diagnosis in 10 out of 12 (83%), with one false positive and one false negative. In the follow-up of the surgical patients, TU was normal in five cases and local recurrence was diagnosed. On the basis of our results, we consider that TU is a method with a high degree of diagnostic reliability in preoperative staging of rectal cancer; it can be associated with CAT; furthermore, it is an important screening method for early diagnosis of local recurrence at the suture line. Its main drawbacks are in studying high and stenosing lesions.
Practical judgment of exemption by applying isotope specific exemption levels for surface contamination

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

AbstractIn terms of applying the concept of exemption to safety standards for surface contamination, we have derived isotope specific exemption levels for surface contamination (Bq cm–2) by developing an original dose assessment model for surface contamination to develop reasonable radiation protection systems that reflect the radiological properties of nuclides and avoid excessive regulatory procedures. These exemption levels can be applied to the radiation, waste and transport safety fields by assuming a universal scenario and by applying radiation protection systems consistent with the current International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Basic Safety Standards, safety series no. 115 and safety guide RS-G-1·7. In the case of materials containing a mixture of nuclides, the exemption can generally be judged on the basis of whether the condition ΣD/C<1 is satisfied (where D represents an actual measurement result and C represents the exemption level), and the estimation of the surface contamination density of key nuclides such as 60Co, which are easily measured and dominant nuclide components, can be practically applied to the judgment of exemption. In this study, the contribution of nuclides to the summation defined in terms of relative importance was assessed using the exemption levels for surface contamination derived in previous Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) studies and the technical data of nuclide composition ratios contributing to contamination assumed to occur in Japanese nuclear power plants. Important nuclides, whose relative importance was >0·1, were extracted following the 10% summation rule described by the European Commission in its document Radiation Protection 134. It was found that 60Co was the only important nuclide in most of the cases and other nuclides can be ignored according to the reasonable exemption levels for surface contamination derived in CRIEPI's previous study, where the α emitter was the most important nuclide in the case of estimating fuel damage by applying the exemption levels for surface contamination derived from the dose conversion factors given in IAEA TECDOC-1449. It is expected that the resulting reasonable exemption levels for surface contamination will be applied practically to future regulation and that consistent radiation protection systems will then be realised throughout the radiation, waste and transport safety fields.Keywords: EXEMPTIONSURFACE CONTAMINATIONRADIATION PROTECTIONTECDOC-144910% SUMMATION RULERELATIVE IMPORTANCE
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐Lactones via a Three‐Component Cascade Reaction Catalyzed by Consecutive N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Systems.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The first NHC‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of α,β‐unsaturated acylazoliums with 1,2‐bisnucleophiles is described which proceeds efficiently starting from aryl aldehydes, but is not applicable to the transformation of alkyl aldehydes.
Thermal rearrangement of N-(1-benzocyclobutenyl)vinylacetamide. Kinetics and mechanism

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal rearrangement of N-(1-benzocyclobutenyl)vinylacetamide. Kinetics and mechanismW. OppolzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 15, 3834–3835Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00744a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00744a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Localization of a critical restriction site on the I-A beta chain that determines susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is an autoimmune experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis. Susceptibility to CIA is associated with certain major histocompatibility complex class II haplotypes. The two very closely related haplotypes H-2q and H-2p differ in susceptibility to CIA. Only mice of H-2q (DBA/1, B10G strains) but not mice of H-2p-expressing strains (like strain B10P) develop CIA and an autoimmune response to type II collagen (CII) after immunization with CII. In contrast to H-2p, the H-2q haplotype does not express I-E molecules. The purpose of the present study was to identify, at the molecular level, the structures on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules determining susceptibility to CIA and CII responsiveness. We first excluded the possible suppressive involvement of Ep or Ap molecules by showing that F1 hybrids between H-2p and H-2q haplotype strains, expressing Ep and Ap, are responders to CII and fully susceptible to CIA. Secondly, because A alpha chains appear identical, we sequenced the A beta first-domain exons of p and q allotypes and found only four diverging amino acids in the predicted amino acid sequence. These variable residues were closely located at positions 85, 86, 88, and 89 at the end of the postulated alpha-helix, which is of importance for interactions with the antigenic peptide and the T-cell receptor. We suggest that this region is a critical major histocompatibility complex restriction site for CIA and CII responsiveness in H-2q mice as compared with H-2p mice. The CIA will now be an excellent autoimmune model for studies on interactions between autoantigenic peptide, autoreactive T cells, and a particular major histocompatibility complex molecule, as has been postulated to be the initial event also in rheumatoid arthritis.
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Italy: descriptive statistics and trends of the main variables <sup>a</sup>.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><sup>a</sup> Values are per-hospital per-year.</p><p><sup>b</sup> T-test for mean differences.</p><p>Acute Myocardial Infarction in Italy: descriptive statistics and trends of the main variables <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142810#t001fn001" target="_blank"><sup>a</sup></a>.</p>
Associations between steamed rice intake and urinary arsenic measures for total population (18,470) and for subset with metabolites data ( N=4,517).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Multivariate models adjusted for sex, age, study cohort, BMI, total water intake, skin lesion status, rice consumption(yes/no), water arsenic, education length and smoking status</p>**<p>Estimates are per standard deviation increase </p>*<p>Sex- and age-adjusted and multivariate models additionally adjusted for urinary creatinine</p>
Argumentation Mapping in Collaborative Spatial Decision Making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Collaboration and decision-making of humans usually entails logical reasoning that is expressed through discussions and individual arguments. Where collaborative work uses geo-spatial information and where decision-making has a spatial connotation, argumentation will include geographical references. Argumentation maps have been developed to support geographically referenced discussions and provide a visual access to debates in domains such as urban planning. The concept of argumentation maps provides for explicit links between arguments and the geographic objects they refer to. These geo-argumentative relations do not only allow for cartographic representation of arguments, but also support the querying of both, space and discussion. Combinations of spatial queries and retrieval of linked arguments provide a powerful way of analyzing and summarizing the current state of a debate. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the original argumentation model and we discuss related research and application development. We also link argumentation mapping to related concepts in geographic visualization, spatial decision support systems, and public participation GIS under the umbrella of collaborative GIS.<div> Geographic Information Systems, Public Participation GIS, Collaborative GIS, Spatial Decision Support Systems, Argumentation Maps, Spatial Planning, User Interface.</div>
The expectation-maximization viterbi algorithm for blind channel identification and equalization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A broadly applicable algorithm for blind maximum-likelihood (ML) equalization and detection of signals transmitted over dispersive and noisy channels is presented. Since the approach employs the Viterbi algorithm (VA) to execute the expectation step of the expectation-maximization (EM) iteration, we call it the expectation-maximization Viterbi algorithm (EMVA). The EMVA is a computationally efficient technique for simultaneous ML channel identification and signal detection whenever the transmission system admits a finite-state hidden Markov model (HMM) description. Applications of the EMVA to both static and fading channels are considered. For static channels, the HMM is described by a deterministic finite-state machine (FSM), while for fading channels it is associated with a stochastic FSM. In either case, the FSM is represented by a deterministic trellis to which the VA is applicable. Extensive simulation results are presented which show that the bit-error rate achieved by the EMVA is close to the ML error-rate performance based on true channel parameters.
The broad applicability of the algorithm is illustrated by considering a wide range of applications. Specifically, we apply the EMVA to blind equalization of frequency selective fading channels, nonlinear continuous-phase modulated signals, fractionally-spaced sampled signals, dually-polarized channels, and code-division multiple-access (CDMA) transmissions.
The convergence properties of the EMVA are investigated. In particular, we obtain a closed-form expression for the convergence-rate matrix evaluated at any stationary point of the observed-data likelihood function. The rate matrix is useful in estimating the error covariance matrix for the parameter estimate. Analysis reveals that the EMVA can be interpreted as a special quasi-Newton or gradient ascent algorithm that naturally encompasses a scale-rotation matrix which guarantees convergence to a local maximum. This property ensures the existence of a capture set for every local maximum. If the initial iterate falls within such a set, then the algorithm converges to the local or global maximum associated with the set. The existence of a capture set for the global maximum leads to the development of a blind channel acquisition technique which achieves global convergence with a probability approaching 100% for general classes of channels.
Turning Channel Noise Into an Accelerator for Over-the-Air Principal Component Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The enormous data distributed at the network edge and ubiquitous connectivity have led to the emergence of the new paradigm of distributed machine learning and large-scale data analytics. Distributed principal component analysis (PCA) concerns finding a low-dimensional subspace that contains the most important information of high-dimensional data distributed over the network edge. The subspace is useful for distributed data compression and feature extraction. This work advocates the application of over-the-air federated learning to efficient implementation of distributed PCA in a wireless network under a data-privacy constraint, termed AirPCA. The design features the exploitation of the waveform-superposition property of a multi-access channel to realize over-the-air aggregation of local subspace updates computed and simultaneously transmitted by devices to a server, thereby reducing the multi-access latency. The original drawback of this class of techniques, namely channel-noise perturbation to uncoded analog modulated signals, is turned into a mechanism for escaping from saddle points during stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the AirPCA algorithm. As a result, the convergence of the AirPCA algorithm is accelerated. To materialize the idea, descent speeds in different types of descent regions are analyzed mathematically using martingale theory by accounting for wireless propagation and techniques including broadband transmission, over-the-air aggregation, channel fading and noise. The results reveal the accelerating effect of noise in saddle regions and the opposite effect in other types of regions. The insight and results are applied to designing an online scheme for adapting receive signal power to the type of current descent region. Specifically, the scheme amplifies the noise effects in saddle regions by reducing signal power and applies the power savings to suppressing the effects in other regions. From experiments using real datasets, such power control is found to accelerate convergence while achieving the same convergence accuracy as in the ideal case of centralized PCA. IEEE
A Systems Engineering Approach to Physical Security of Oil & Gas Installations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fundamental challenge facing security professionals is preventing loss; be that asset, production, or third-party losses. This is not dissimilar to what safety professionals have to face. Techniques and methodologies used by the safety professionals could potentially benefit the security experts. Physical security is about taking physical measures to protect personnel and prevent unauthorized access to installations, material, and documents, which also include protection against sabotage, willful damage, and theft. The characteristics of physical security controls include measures for deterrence, detection, delay, and responses aimed at risk mitigation and enhanced operational effectiveness. This paper outlines a systems engineering framework for implementing security goals, which are suitable for meeting the challenge of providing physical security for complex systems, which includes oil and gas facilities. The proposed framework builds security requirements into system requirements and moves it in parallel with the system development for the entire system’s life cycle; particularly during the concept and design phases. This is a top-down process for use by a multidisciplinary team of security, operations, and industry experts to identify and prevent the system from entering into vulnerable states which could lead to losses. This framework shifts the focus of the security analysis away from threats, being the immediate cause of losses, and focuses instead on the barriers, i.e. safeguards that prevent systems from entering into vulnerable states, which would allow an unfolding event to disrupt the system leading to loses. The need for such a method comes from the recent experience of the securing complex systems that combine a large amount of hardware, software hazardous materials, and control elements. The method takes advantage of systems engineering and encourages the use of goal-based security requirements instead of using a strict prescriptive approach that is common among security professionals. Using this framework helps both to identify threats associated with the system, as well as weak points within the system. This framework also encourages communication between the security professional, safety engineers, and system designers. This paper draws from the existing literature as listed in the references.
The diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidismduring pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is rare and very few cases have undergone parathyroidectomy during the course of gestation. In reviewing the literature it is apparent that surgery during the second trimester should be the treatment of choice. The complication rate of untreated cases may reach 80% and include spontaneous abortion, fetal death and neonatal tetany. The paper is illustrated with appro-priate cases.
Novel Biomarkers for the Prediction of the Spontaneous Preterm Birth Phenotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious Issues Collections Obstetric Airway ManagementMaternal EmbolismRegional Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionGeneral Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionAnalgesia for LaborObstetric HemorrhagePre-Eclampsia/EclampsiaPharmacologyTraumaInfection and SepsisMaternal ObesityMaternl Morbidity and MortalityNeonatal Morbidity and MortalityObstetric ComplicationsAnesthetic ComplicationsNon-Obstetric Maternal DiseaseCritical CareDrug Abuse in PregnancyEthicsSystems Based Practice For Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Moringa oleifera Lam: A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Moringa oleifera lam native to India grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is commonly known as ‘drumstick tree’ or ‘horseradish tree’. Moringa can withstand both severe drought and mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world. With its high nutritive values, every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes. The leaves are rich in minerals, vitamins and other essential phytochemicals. Extracts from the leaves are used to treat malnutrition, augment breast milk in lactating mothers. It is used as potential antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti asthmatic, antimicrobial agent etc. M. oleifera seed, a natural coagulant is extensively used in water treatment. The scientific effort of this research provides insights on the use of moringa as a cure for diabetes and cancer and fortification of moringain commercial products. This review explores the use of moringa across disciplines for its medicinal value and deals with cultivation, nutrition, commercial and prominent pharmacological properties of this “Miracle Tree”.
THE ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN SYNERGIZING PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS OF SPECIAL MINING BUSINESS LICENSE HOLDERS WITH TAX COMPLIANCE IN INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The obligations of the Special Mining Business License (IUPK) holders to the Government are only given without the active participation of the DGT and the central and local governments to test IUPK compliance as taxpayers. These obligations have the potential to ignore Article 33 and Article 23A of the 1945 Constitution. Based on the normative juridical study using the access to justice and the sustainable development approach, two conclusions are drawn. First, the enactment of several regulations shows that the IUPK's obligation to pay 4% to the Central Government and 6% to the Regional Government from net profits is only given, based on financial reports that have been audited by a public accountant. Second, Article 129 of the Minerba Law, Article 4 (1), Article 6 (1), and Article 9 (1) of the Income Tax Law, as well as Article 15 (3) of PP No. 37 of 2018 must be implemented through monitoring, evaluation, and regular audits of net profits before taxable income on the actual self-assessment reporting conducted by IUPK. It is proposed to make joint audit rules in testing compliance with good mining practice and IUPK obligations, as well as compliance of filling and actual payment of taxes owed.
Research Roundup

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sodium benzoate improves symptoms in clozapine‐resistant schizophrenia Cessation of opioids greater in patients treated for depression Haloperidol fails to improve survival in critically ill Review clarifies role of folate in treatment of depression Injectables reduce hospitalization in patients with schizophrenia Analysis of antidepressant switching shows little evidence of benefit Cholinesterase inhibitors beneficial for Down syndrome with Alzheimer's
Behaviour factor and displacement estimation of low-ductility precast wall system under seismic actions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigated the seismic behaviour of an innovated non-ductile precast concrete wall structural system; namely HC Precast System (HCPS). The system comprises load-bearing precast wall panels merely connected only to column at both ends. Such study is needed because there is limited research information available in design codes for such structure particularly in regions having low to moderate seismicity threats. Experimentally calibrated numerical model of the wall system was used to carry out nonlinear pushover analyses with various types of lateral loading patterns. Effects of laterally applied single point load (SPL), uniformly distributed load (UDL), modal distributed load (MDL) and triangular distributed load (TDL) onto global behaviour of HCPS were identified. Discussion was focused on structural performance such as ductility, deformability, and effective stiffness of the wall system. Thus, a new method for engineers to estimate the nonlinear deformation of HCPS through linear analysis was proposed.