jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diblock copolymers consisting of a polymerized ionic liquid and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Effects of PNIPAM block length and counter ion on self-assembling and thermal properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of a polymeric ionic liquid, PIL, and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM, have been synthesized using RAFT reactions. The length of the PIL block was kept constant while the molecular mass of the PNIPAM block was varied. The PIL was poly(2-(1-butylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate tetrafluoroborate) which is insoluble in water owing to the bulky hydrophobic counterion. When the PNIPAM block was long enough, the polymers formed spherical micelles in water, which showed thermally responsive behaviour. Colloidally stable particles could be prepared also from the homopolymeric PIL. PNIPAM affects noticeably the properties of the PIL, and also the polycation has a strong effect on the thermal properties of PNIPAM in aqueous dispersions. As a reference, a polymer where bromide was the counter ion instead of the tetrafluoroborate ion was synthesized, providing a water soluble PIL block. The core–shell micelles formed by amphiphilic block copolymers in pure water and those by double-hydrophilic polymers in aqueous NaBF4 undergo partial structural inversion upon the thermal collapse of PNIPAM.
The Changing Space of German in Turkey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter is based on an interview with a German teacher who lived in Istanbul, Turkey, from 1996 to 2016 and taught German in a number of Turkish schools there. The first part of the chapter situates her time in Istanbul in the political as well as institutional context. This is followed by some examples from her teaching at different Turkish schools where German played a significant role and then by a discussion about the extent to which teaching German in Turkey exemplifies the challenges of working, as a teacher, in a country that, on the one hand, has a long history with Germany and, on the other, is governed by an authoritarian regime. Finally, it considers the significance of the formal teaching of Turkish as a school subject in Germany.
Utilizing ungraded portfolios for evaluation in fine arts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this thesis the use of portfolios to assess and evaluate fine arts students is examined. It is argued that the best and most authentic form of evaluation in the fine arts is the ungraded fine arts portfolio. A philosophical overview of the debate is presented by examining traditional versus progressive models of education. Literature reviews present the background of research surrounding both portfolio assessment in education and the use of letter grades. The argument for ungraded portfolios proceeds with an examination of how art is assessed and evaluated ‘authentically’ within the field outside of the educational context, a review of the history of assessment in fine arts within and outside of the realm of public education, an examination of the interplay between creativity, student motivation and assessment and an overview of curriculum theory as it relates to assessment in the fine arts. Examples of the classroom use of ungraded fine arts portfolios are presented, with concrete suggestions on how to proceed. Discussions include the use of digital formats, what to include in the portfolio, collaborative planning with the students, emphasizing metacognitive processes, goal-setting and self assessment in the portfolios and creating a culture of art in the classroom with the portfolios as a central component. In conclusion, there is a discussion of how to adapt the ungraded fine arts portfolio for use should letter grades be required institutionally.
Application of Landscape Heterogeneity Indices for Ecological Restoration——A Case Study of Depleted Mined Land

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ecological restoration of damaged landscape such as depleted mined land is a focus of attention at present. But in the process of current researches, only qualitative analyses are addressed, which brings on unsuccessful restoration of damaged landscape. Aimed at this problem, this paper brings forward that application of landscape heterogeneity indices will ensure success and precision of ecological restoration.
VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA CONTRA MULHERES DURANTE A PANDEMIA COVID-19: OS MOTIVOS QUE AS LEVAM A NÃO DENUNCIAR SEUS AGRESSORES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study addresses the issue of domestic violence against women. It aims to identify the causes of women, victims of domestic violence, not reporting their aggressors, during the covid 19 pandemic. In this way, the question is, what would be the factors that influence women who suffer domestic and family violence not to report their aggressors, during the covid-19 pandemic? In order to carry out this study, a bibliographic research was carried out in specialized vehicles available, and it has long been proven that among the factors that influence women who suffer domestic and family violence not to report their aggressors, during the covid-19 pandemic, are cited: mainly the financial issue (women are financially dependent on the aggressor); the cultural issue (women are ashamed of being emotionally dependent on the aggressor);and for not feeling supported by the State and family members.
Chrysanthemum indicum L.: A Comprehensive Review of its Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chrysanthemum indicum L. (C. indicum L.), a member of the Compositae family, is a perennial plant that has been used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China and is widely used for the treatment of Pemphigus, swelling, pain, and scrofula. To date, more than 190 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and phenolic acids. Numerous modern studies have shown that extracts or monomeric compounds from C. indicum L. have several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory anti-oxidation, antipathogenic microorganism, anticancer, immune regulation, and hepatoprotective effects. However, resource availability, the research on the mechanism, and quality control are still insufficient, which deserves further efforts. In this paper, the advances in botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of C. indicum L were reviewed. We hope that this review can provide important information for traditional Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, synthetic and medicinal chemistry researchers for making full use of C. indicum L. resource.
Conscious perception of illusory colour

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Visual perception can be defined as the ability to interpret the pattern of light entering the eyes to form a reliable, useful representation of the world. A well-accepted perspective suggests that these interpretations are influenced by prior knowledge about the statistics of natural scenes and are generated by combining information from different cues. This thesis investigates how these processes influence our perception of two phenomena: afterimages and colour distortions across the visual field. Both are generated on the retina, do not represent meaningful properties of the physical world, and are rarely perceived during natural viewing. We suggested that afterimage signals are inherently ambiguous and thus are highly influenced by cues that increase or decrease the likelihood that they represent a real object. Consistent with this idea, we found that afterimages are enhanced by contextual edges more so than real stimuli of similar appearance. Moreover, afterimage duration was reduced by saccadic eye-movements relative to fixation, pursuit, and blinking, perhaps because saccades cause an afterimage to move differently to real object and thus provide a cue that the afterimage is illusory. Contextual edges and saccades were found to influence afterimage duration additively, although contextual edges dominated the probability of perceiving an afterimage more than saccades. The final part of the thesis explored the hypothesis that colour distortions across the retina, produced mainly by spectral filtering differences between the periphery and fovea, are compensated in natural viewing conditions. However, we did not find evidence of compensatory mechanisms in the two natural conditions tested, namely eye-movements (as opposed to surface movements) and natural spectra (as opposed to screen-based spectra). Taken together, the experiments in this thesis demonstrate that these ‘illusory’ phenomena perceived strongly in laboratory conditions but rarely during natural viewing, are useful tools to probe how perceptual decisions are made under different conditions
Multicriteria model for selecting TQM consultancy and certification services

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the need and the importance of adopting a structured model to support the decisions by using a multicriteria focus to guide drawing up a methodological framework. In addition, this study considers the maturity level of the organization, and the importance of continuous improvement after implementing ISO 9001. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a scientific technical foundation of the qualifying and selection criteria of the consultancy and Accredited Certification Body (ACB) by using ISO standards, and the guidance document CB25, which is related to quality. Finally, a numeric application with realistic data is undertaken using the PROMETHEE II method, and the GAIA plan. Findings The development of this study provides a new insight into the importance for selecting consultancy, and certification services in order to implement quality management systems within organizations. Research limitations/implications The current study is limited to the quality management services. If necessary to apply the same model to other areas, it is necessary looking for documents and regulations of this field. In addition, this model is focussed on a model for small or medium companies, which are still trying to achieve a higher position in the sector, and do not have experts in quality management. Originality/value The differential of this study is the foundation of the criteria for the proposed model. Other studies choose these criteria without any scientific basis. On the other hand, this study goes over many documents.
LDL Discordance in Pediatric Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a four-fold excess risk of mortality secondary to cardiovascular events compared to the general population. While it is well-known that LDL has a role in atherogenesis and subsequent cardiac events, recent studies consistently show that LDL particle number (LDLp) is a stronger, independent predictor of coronary heart disease in adults compared to LDL-cholesterol (LDLc), especially when the values are discordant. There is emerging evidence that LDL discordance also occurs in children. We studied this phenomenon in pediatric ALL survivors and identify associated risk factors. Methods: Complete data were available from 64 patients enrolled in the Phoenix Children’s Hospital pediatric cancer survivorship registry. Patients were 12.9±3.5 years of age (range: 7.7-22.7 years) with a mean time off therapy of 5.5±2.6 years (range 2.3-11.4 years). LDLc and LDLp were assessed by NMR spectroscopy. Patients were assessed by a registered dietician for calcium, fat, and fruit intake as well as physical activity. Ideal LDLc and LDLp were defined as <160 mg/dL and <1600 nmol/L, respectively, based on American Heart Association guidelines for people with standard cardiac risk. Discordance was classified based on ideal vs. not-ideal status for each parameter. Results: Mean BMI was 22.7±5.7 kg/m2 (range 14-38 kg/m2); mean BMI percentile was 73.1±26.1% (0.9-99.5%) with 42% of patients considered overweight or obese at the time of evaluation. Mean LDLc and LDLp were 79±25.5 mg/dL (29-164 nmol/L) and 1124±517 nmol/L (411-2837 nmol/L), respectively, with 89% (n=56) of survivors exhibiting ideal LDLc and 47% (n=30) of survivors exhibiting ideal LDLp. In a subgroup of patients with ideal LDLc, 40.6% (n=26) exhibited not-ideal LDLp and were classified as discordant. Regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and gender, BMI (p<0.00001) and LDLc (p<0.00001) were significant independent predictors of LDLp while lifestyle factors and time off therapy were not significant predictors of LDLp. When patients were grouped as concordant (ideal LDLc and LDLp, n=30) or discordant (ideal LDLc and elevated LDLp, n=25), BMI was 17.6% higher in the discordant group (25.0±5.4 kg/m2 vs. 20.6±5.0 kg/m2, p=0.003). Conclusion: In this population of pediatric ALL survivors, LDLc measurements may not provide a complete assessment of cardiovascular disease risk. Given that LDLp is an early predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, conventional lipid testing may underestimate the true cardiovascular disease risk in ALL survivors. Survivors may benefit from early, expanded screening and targeted intervention. Further studies should focus on the broader pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in pediatric ALL survivors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dental Interns, House-Staff, Post Graduates, and Faculty of Dental Colleges in Kolkata City Toward Toothbrush Maintenance and Disinfection

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Toothbrush is essential for removing dental biofilm and preventing dental caries and periodontal disease. Toothbrushes become contaminated after repeated use, so disinfection is necessary for tooth brush maintenance. It is critical that dentists should have a current understanding and perception of toothbrush contamination and disinfection. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the dental interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of the dental colleges in Kolkata city regarding toothbrush maintenance and disinfection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of dental colleges in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The data on oral health knowledge attitude practice (KAP) were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was evaluated in the form of frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 138 participants responded to the survey. Knowledge regarding toothbrush disinfection was found to be in 84% of the participants with maximum in house staff with 75%. Majority of the participants will prefer chlorhexidine as solution of disinfecting the toothbrush. Ninety-seven percent of the participants think that the toothbrush disinfection is necessary for everybody. Conclusion: The majority of interns surveyed had no idea how to keep their toothbrushes clean. Despite being aware of the issue, some participants did not disinfect their toothbrushes. Education on how to use and maintain a toothbrush effectively would help to improve the KAP for toothbrush maintenance and disinfection.
Firearms, Violence, and Youth in California, Illinois, Louisiana, and New Jersey, 1991

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Violence committed by and against juveniles was the focus of this study. Two groups were examined: incarcerated (criminally active) juveniles and students in inner-city high schools, since these youths are popularly considered to engage in and experience violence (especially gun-related violence), to belong to urban street gangs, and to participate in the drug trafficking thought to lead to excessive gun violence. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 835 male inmates in six correctional facilities and 1,663 male and female students from ten inner-city high schools in California, Illinois, Louisiana, and New Jersey. Data collection took place during January through April of 1991. To maximize response rates, inducements of five dollars were offered to the inmates, Spanish-language versions of the questionnaire were provided to inmates who preferred them, and personal interviews were conducted with inmates whose reading skills were less than sufficient to complete the questionnaire on their own. In four schools, principals permitted the inducements to be offered to students to participate in the study. As with the inmate survey, a Spanish-language version of the questionnaire was provided to students who preferred it. The questionnaires covered roughly the same core topics for both inmates and students. Items included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, school experiences, gun ownership, gun use for several types of firearms, gun acquisition patterns, gun-carrying habits, use of other weapons, gang membership and gang activities, self-reported criminal histories, victimization patterns, drug use, alcohol use, and attitudes concerning guns, crime, and violence. In both questionnaires, the majority of the items covered firearms knowledge, acquisition, and use. The remaining items in the inmate survey primarily covered criminal behavior and, secondarily, victimization histories. In the student survey, these priorities were reversed.
Regulatory Capital and Incentives for Risk Model Choice under Basel 3*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In response to the Subprime mortgage crisis, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) has spent the previous decade overhauling the regulatory framework that governs how banks calculate minimum capital requirements. In 2019, the BCBS finalized the Basel 3 regulatory regime, which changes the regulatory measure of market risk and adds new complex calculations based on liquidity and risk factors. This article is motivated by these changes and seeks to answer the question of how regulation affects banks’ choice of risk-management models, whether it incentivizes them to use correctly specified models, and if it results in more stable capital requirements. Our results show that, although the models that minimize regulatory capital for a representative bank portfolio also result in the most stable requirements, these models are generally rejected as being correctly specified and tend to produce inferior forecasts of the regulatory risk measures.
The quality of life concept corresponds with the Islamic philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the quality of life marketing and the societal marketing from the perspectives of the Islamic philosophy. Each of the four P’s of marketing are discuss one by one, though not that through, while comparing it with guidelines and advices from the Quraan and the AlHadiths. With the intention as the beginnings of all marketing activities, the marketing practices can be considered as Islamic if that intention is in the name of ALLAH, and seeks the blessings from ALLAH. This also corresponds to the essence of the religion of Islam that is “way of life”. The products and services are produced for the consumers in the name of ALLAH, and the production of those products and services are strictly adhered to the guidelines from the Islamic philosophy based on the Quraan and AlHadith. Thus, the Quality of life marketing is technically different from the societal marketing.
[How I explore...significance of ophthalmoscopy in patients with arterial hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ocular fundus is the only examination which allows a simple and non invasive visualisation of the terminal vascular system. Feature analysis of fundus examination supposes a similar vascular state in the other organs and permits direct diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic choices. This article will emphasize the value of an ophthalmoscopy examination in patients with arterial hypertension.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 37820 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "DatasetKey" : [ "is Belgian Coccinellidae - Ladybird beetles in Belgium" ] } The dataset includes 37820 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005809-150615163101818/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
A Simplifying Concept in Tumor Virology: Virus-specific "Pleiotropic Effectors"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polyoma (Py) and simian virus 40 (SV40) exert a broad spectrum of biological effects in apparent contrast to the small molecular weight of their DNA (ca. 3 × 106 daltons). Polyoma induces different types of tumors in mice and related rodents, while SV40 induces subcutaneous tumors, leukemias and lymphomas in hamsters (Eddy 1964, 1969; Diamandopoulos 1973); both viruses can “transform” tissue culture cells; transformed cells contain integrated viral DNA, synthesize virus-specific RNA and T antigen, exhibit surface alterations (e.g., virus-specific transplantation antigens) and an increased potential for growth under various selective conditions; last but not least, infection of permissive cells leads to the production of progeny virus containing 6 or 7 structural polypeptides which, if specified by the viral genome, would require its entire coding capacity (for details, see Defendi 1966; Tooze 1973; Weil et al. 1974; Weil 1975).
The Neoproterozoic island-arc association of the Mukodek gold-ore field, Northern Baikal area

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the Ushmukan suite were studied in the Mukodek gold-ore field located in the Baikal-Muya belt in the Northern Baikal area, Russia. The Ushmukan suite shows interleaving of ortoschists which compositions are widely variable. Basalt-andesite-dacite series of normal alkalinity are the substrate of the studied metavolcanic rocks. Based on the set of geochemical characteristics, it is concluded that the rocks were formed in suprasubduction geodynamic conditions corresponding to a mature island arc. The proximity of the geological locations and the similarity of the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks of the Ushmukan suite and rocks of the Kelyan suite (Neoproterozoic, 823 Ma), which have similar compositions, give grounds to consider these two rock suites as age peers. Specific features of gold distribution through the Mukodek gold-ore field are analyzed. Industrial gold contents are recorded only in berezite-listvenite metasomatic rocks of the gold-quartz-sulfide formation which were formed on metavolcanic rocks of the Ushmukan suite. It is concluded that the volcanic rocks, which are specific of the island-arc setting, could be a source of gold for deposits in the Mukodek gold-ore field.