jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Targeting Aggressive Fibroblasts to Enhance the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Co-defined by CAFs and infiltrating immune cells, the prognostic stroma signature is clinically relevant in a subset of human PDAC. This is the patient population which may benefit from future anti-stroma or anti-CAFs therapies. To consider CAF heterogeneity is crucial for designing anti-stroma studies. Here, reliable and traceable subtype-specific markers for CAFs are urgently needed to dissect the biological impact of CAF heterogeneity on PDAC development spatiotemporally. Given the significant contribution of CAFs to immunosuppressive microenvironment of PDAC, it is conceivable to combine anti-CAFs therapy with immunotherapy. To implement a CAF-subtype specific therapy is crucially important to improve the effectiveness of current treatments including chemotherapies and immunotherapy.
THE ROLE OF NTURES FORECASTS IN RECREATION: SOME APPLICATIONS IN THE THIRD NATIONWIDE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper provides a quick glimpse into the t heoretical a pplicability and importance of futures forecasting techniques in recreation policy planning. The paper also details contemporary socioeconomic trends affecting recreation, current r ecreation participation patterns and anticipated social changes which will alter public recreation experiences as developed in the Third Nationwide Outdoor Recreation Plan.
Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We analyze graphene obtained by electrochemical exfoliation. This showed an interesting process for obtaining fast and low cost exfoliated graphene. Within a few minutes a large amount exfoliated graphite oxide was produced. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy of the exfoliated graphene showed the effectiveness of the process and the factors that may intensify the disorder of graphene obtained.
Research on brewing techniques of fruit wine from Lonicera edulis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This subject of research uses the wild Lonicera edulis as the main material which is duly collected and preserved. The thesis also studies its fermentation process by adding white granulated sugar and sulfite to it. The result shows that the effect of the fermentation of the barreled fresh fruits preserved in the cellar is much better. And the effect of the fermentation handled with sulfite is superior to that handled with alcohol. The basic indicators of Lonicera edulis taste is as follows. 115g/L is for sugar content, 7g/L for acidity and 16g/L for sweetness (equivalent to saccharose). The best match of the composite fruit taste should be 20% grape juice, 15 lonicera edulis fruit and 40% wolfberry fruit.
Cyclopentadienylmetal group 6 metal carbonyl derivatives with 2-propanoneoximato and related ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The experimental NO-dihapto (Me 2 CNO)Mo(CO) 2 Cp dicarbonyl structure is found by density functional theory to be the lowest energy isomer by a substantial margin. The lowest energy structures for the corresponding monocarbonyls are of the type (Me 2 CN)M(O)(CO)Cp with separate dimethylimino and oxo ligands.
A New Kind of Complexity Economics?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins with a background on the founding of the Santa Fe Institute in 1986 by a number of eminent scientists, such as physicists Murray Gell Mann and David Pines and chemist George Cowan. What connected these scholars from different fields was that they all shared a belief that standard methods in science did not provide a useful way of analyzing, and hence understanding, systems that are highly nonlinear, and which exhibit significant micro-level interdependencies. The chapter then discusses the first Santa Fe workshop was to be in economics held in 1986; why complexity was such a hard sell to economists; Brian Arthur’s complexity vision of the economy; the death of neoclassical economics; the changing face of modern economics; and the rise of game theory as the core analytic tool used by economists to analyze issues.
Shikarpoor Historic Town: Introduction, Background and Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many towns and cities across Pakistan have a profile built on centuries of history and traditions, but unfortunately they do not receive the attention they deserve. On the contrary, most historic towns in Pakistan today face an unfortunate erosion of their built environment, caused by ill-planned policies and careless management systems that disregard their intrinsic historic values. The internationally recognized concepts introduced through philosophies and principles in the arena of urban area or historic town conservation – more recently termed ‘Historic Urban Landscapes’ – offer a well-developed framework of management systems that help recognize historic environments in their entirety, not just as artefacts or monuments for the pleasure of the privileged few, but as living cities and live cultures providing opportunities for economic incentives to residents, and enriching experiences to visitors and other stakeholders. These concepts, however, have yet to find their way into common practices, perceptions of policymaking and administrative systems dealing with heritage assets within Pakistan. The consequence of a lack of capacities in this field is the consistent loss of traditional built environments in most historic centres within the country, particularly those left behind in the race for urbanization and development investments.
An Accurate Tag Estimate Method for Improving the Performance of an RFID Anticollision Algorithm Based on Dynamic Frame Length ALOHA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system, the dynamic frame length ALOHA protocol is widely adopted to solve the anticollision problem. Analysis for the anticollision problem can be divided into two primary parts. The concern of the first part is how to precisely estimate the number of tags. The other part involves determination of dynamic frame length to achieve maximum throughput or channel usage efficiency. In this paper, we present an accurate method for estimating tag quantity. This method is based on the maximum a posteriori probability decision. We also derive the optimal frame length using radio channel efficiency. Simulation results indicate the tag estimate error of the proposed method is less than 4%. Use of our proposed tag estimate method together with optimal frame length can achieve close to the theoretical maximum throughput of the framed ALOHA algorithm.
Possible involvement of GABA in the central actions of benzodiazepines.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of several benzodiazepines on a variety of nervous activities known or presumed to depend on GABA are presented and compared with those of agents that deplete or increase the level of endogenous GABA: antagonism of various convulsant agents in mice, enhancement of presynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord and the cuneate nucleus of cats, decrease of the spontaneous firing rate of cerebellar Purkinje cells in cats and rats, antagonism of bicuculine-induced depression of the strio-nigral-evoked potential in the cat, potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats, GABA-mimetic actions on drug-induced PGO-waves in cats and on eserine-induced circling in guinea pigs. Diazepam slightly increased the GABA level in the cat spinal cord and in the total brain of mice and rats; this increase does not seem to be due to an increase of GABA synthesis. It is concluded that benzodiazepines probably enhance presynaptic inhibition at all levels of the neuraxis and that this effect requires not only the presence of GABA but is also dependent on an activity of GABA-ergic neurons. Benzodiazepines also appear to enhance postsynaptic inhibition where this is mediated by GABA. Many actions of benzodiazepines can be tentatively explained by a stimulus-bound enhancement of GABA effects.
Categorical and spatial interlinkages within the European migration policy mix

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyses the categorical and spatial linkages within migration policy areas across 31 European countries from 1990 to 2020, examining over 5000 migration policy changes. It reveals distinct patterns of policy diffusion across space and contrasting trends between different migration policy areas. While migrant admission policies have experienced a trend towards liberalisation over the past three decades, border and return policies have become more restrictive. The research identifies spatial policy dependencies primarily in border enforcement, with some presence in admission, integration, and return policies. The findings underscore the structured nature of the European migration policy mix and contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities and interdependencies within migration governance.
Increased spinal monoamine concentrations after chronic thoracic dorsal rhizotomy in goats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In goats, bilateral thoracic dorsal rhizotomy (TDR) causes severe ventilatory failure during exercise, followed by progressive functional recovery. We investigated spinal neurochemical changes associated with TDR and/or functional recovery by measuring spinal concentrations of the monoamines serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, and dopamine via HPLC. Changes in 5-HT and calcitonin gene-related peptide were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Goat spinal cords were compared 4–15 mo after TDR from T 2 to T 12 ( n = 7) with sham-operated ( n = 4) or unoperated controls ( n = 4). TDR increased the concentration of cervical 5-HT (C 5 –C 6 ; 122% change), caudal thoracic norepinephrine (T 7 –T 11 ; 53% change), and rostral thoracic dopamine (T 3 –T 6 ; 234% change). TDR increased 5-HT-immunoreactive terminal density (dorsal and ventral horns) and nearly eliminated calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in rostral thoracic segments; both effects became less pronounced in caudal thoracic segments. Thus TDR elevates monoamine concentrations in discrete spinal regions, including possible compensatory changes in descending serotonergic inputs to spinal segments not directly affected by TDR (i.e., cervical) but associated with functionally related motor nuclei (i.e., phrenic nucleus).
Health‐related Google searches performed by parents of pediatric oncology patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Little is known about the specific information parents of children with cancer search for online. Understanding the content of parents’ searches over time could offer insight into what matters most to parents and identify knowledge gaps that could inform more comprehensive approaches to family education and support. Methods We describe parents’ health‐related Google searches starting six months before cancer diagnosis and extending through the date of study enrollment, which was at least one month after initiating cancer treatment. Searches were obtained retrospectively and grouped into health‐related and non‐health‐related categories. The median time to parent enrollment from date of cancer diagnosis was 264 days. Results Parents searched for health‐related topics more frequently than the general population (13% vs 5%). Health‐related searches increased in the months preceding the child's cancer diagnosis and most commonly pertained to symptoms and logistics, “directions to hospital.” Health‐related search volume peaked about a month after cancer diagnosis when general health‐related searches were present in addition to cancer‐specific searches. Eighteen percent of health‐related searches were cancer specific, and of these cancer‐specific searches, 54% pertained to support, for example “cancer quote for son.” Conclusions Google search content offers insight into what matters to parents of cancer patients. Understanding search content could inform more comprehensive approaches to family education and support initiatives.
Protein Kinase CK2 Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome and Regulates the Expression of Anti-Apoptotic Proteins and PTEN Phosphorylation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We previously demonstrated that the phosphorylation of c-terminal regulatory domain of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein are frequently observed and significantly associated with poor clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Phosphorylation of PTEN stabilizes the PTEN protein, but makes it less active towards its substrate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, resulting in an antagonizing the apoptotic pathways. Protein kinase CK2 is implicated in many cellular processes including the cell proliferation, survival, and tumorigenesis. However, the biological significance of CK2 expression and its association with PTEN phosphorylation has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the protein kinase CK2 activity/expression and PTEN phosphorylation simultaneously in leukemic blasts obtained from 59 patients with AML with normal karyotype. Western blot analysis revealed that PTEN phosphorylation was observed in 30 (50.9%) cases. CK2 expression was significantly associated with CK2 catalytic activity and PTEN phosphorylation. Levels of CK2 catalytic activity were significantly higher in AML cases with PTEN phosphorylation (p-PTEN-positive) compared with those without PTEN phosphorylation (p-PTEN-negative) (P&lt;0.05). Age, sex, white blood cell count, and complete remission rate were not different according to the CK2 expression. However, the overall survival was significantly shorter in AML cases with high CK2 expression (P&lt; 0.05). Treatment of p-PTEN-positive AML cells with apigenin, a specific inhibitor of CK2, abolished the phosphorylation of PTEN, as well as Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, in a dose-dependent manner. CK2 overexpression induced an increase in the proportion of cells in the G(2)/M phase. Induced overexpression of CK2 in U937 leukemia cells led to PTEN phosphorylation, Ser473 Akt/PKB phosphorylation, in addition to an increased expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, Survivin, and XIAP proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that the phosphorylation of PTEN and expression of anti-apoptotic proteins were directly regulated by protein kinase CK2 in AML cells. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that CK2 is an independent prognostic variable in AML patients with normal karyotype. These findings additionally extend our understanding of the role of CK2 in AML, and suggest the CK2 molecule as a potential target for AML treatment.
Trees dying standing in the northeastern boreal old-growth forests of Quebec: spatial patterns, rates, and temporal variation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spatial patterns, rates, and temporal variation of standing-tree mortality were studied in unmanaged boreal old-growth forests of northeastern Quebec. The study was carried out by sampling living and dead trees within 15 transects (400 m long, 40 m wide). The transects lay in stands that were classified according to their species composition in three types: dominated by black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP; mixed P. mariana and balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; and dominated by A. balsamea. Spatial patterns were analysed using Ripley's K function. The year of death was cross-dated using 190 sample discs extracted from dead standing A. balsamea and P. mariana to assess the rates and temporal variation of mortality. The spatial patterns of standing dead trees in P. mariana stands were predominantly clustered. The spatial patterns of large dead trees (>19 cm diameter at breast height (1.3 m height; DBH)) in mixed and A. balsamea-dominated stands were mainly random, with few stands showing clustered patterns. Small dead trees (9–19 cm DBH) in these stands were generally more clustered than larger trees. Tree mortality varied from year to year, though some mortality was observed in all the studied stand types for almost every year. Standing trees that had recently died accounted for 62%, 48%, and 51% of overall mortality in P. mariana-dominated, mixed, and A. balsamea-dominated stands, respectively. The results of this study indicate that mortality of standing trees outside of episodic mortality events (such as insect outbreaks) is an important process in the creation of structural complexity and habitat diversity in these stands.
Supplementary material from "Chimpanzee lip-smacks confirm primate continuity for speech-rhythm evolution"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Speech is a human hallmark, but its evolutionary origins continue to defy scientific explanation. Recently, the open–close mouth rhythm of 2–7 Hz (cycles/second) characteristic of all spoken languages has been identified in the orofacial signals of several nonhuman primate genera, including orangutans, but evidence from any of the African apes remained missing. Evolutionary continuity for the emergence of speech is, thus, still inconclusive. To address this empirical gap, we investigated the rhythm of chimpanzee lip-smacks across four populations (two captive and two wild). We found that lip-smacks exhibit a speech-like rhythm at approximately 4 Hz, closing a gap in the evidence for the evolution of speech-rhythm within primate order. We observed sizeable rhythmic variation within and between chimpanzee populations, with differences of over 2 Hz at each level. This variation did not result, however, in systematic group differences within our sample. To further explore the phylogenetic and evolutionary perspective on this variability, inter-individual and inter-population analyses will be necessary across primate species producing mouth signals at speech-like rhythm. Our findings support the hypothesis that speech recruited ancient primate rhythmic signals and suggest that multi-site studies may still reveal new windows of understanding about these signals' use and production along the evolutionary timeline of speech.
PENJATUHAN HUKUMAN DISIPLIN TERHADAP PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL YANG DIVONIS PIDANA DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p><strong><em>Abstract : </em></strong><em>Civil servants are required to be obedient and obedient to the applicable invitation rules. Without prejudice to the provisions in the written-invitation rules, a civil servant who is convicted of a criminal sentence and must process employment regulations. There were 12 civil servants in Mentawai Islands District who were sentenced to different cases, but not all were disciplined. The imposition of disciplinary punishment on civil servants convicted was carried out by the Regent of Mentawai Islands based on recommendations from MPP. Of the 12 civil servants who were convicted, only 5 civil servants were sentenced to discipline.The legal consequences of the status of civil servants who are not sentenced are still active and receiving a full salary. This condition led to the payment of salaries of civil servants who were convicted not in accordance with the provisions. For officials related to Prince PNS, there are no further provisions that are not related to education policy, so as to enable the Mentawai Islands District government to make regional regulations and adjust MPP institutions and improve competencies, there must be a process needed so that every civil servant convicted certainty of employment status.<strong></strong></em></p>
The Status of the Security Council in Ensuring National Security (Comparative Analysis)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Republic of Armenia has made significant progress in the establishment of the country’s national security policy and security system, creating the necessary political-legal prerequisites and control frameworks for evaluating, reviewing, and further developing the effectiveness of the operations of state security bodies and processes occurring in areas of strategic importance to the state. However, it is important to note that the primary issue in these processes pertains to the level of coordination of security policy, which was somewhat differentiated in both functional and subject aspects, especially in the context of Armenia transitioning to a parliamentary governance model, subsequent developments in defence and security, and the conditions of active wartime processes.
Regularities in the formation of diffusion layers in magnesium-aluminum composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of metallographic investigations, micromechanical tests, and X-ray structural analysis of the layered composite of the Al-Mg system are presented. It is found that in the initial state, intermetallic phases are absent in the contact region. Starting from t = 150°C, local regions of the diffusion layers are formed. An increase in the keeping time and temperature leads to growth (towards A1) in the thickness of layers and their hardness, namely, to 2000–3000 MPa on heating to 150°C for 1 h and 4500–5000 MPa at t = 400°C for τ = 12 h. When kept for 16 h at 400°C, the layer preferentially involves the Mg2Al3 phase with the hexagonal lattice.
Vitex agnus‐castus cannot be used as trap plant for the vector Hyalesthes obsoletus to prevent infections by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in northern Italian vineyards: Experimental evidence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Bois noir (BN), the most prevalent disease of the grapevine yellows complex, causes considerable yield loss in vineyards. BN is associated with phytoplasma strains of the species ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (taxonomic subgroup 16SrXII‐A). In Europe, the BN phytoplasma is transmitted to grapevine mainly by Hyalesthes obsoletus , a polyphagous cixiid completing its life cycle on stinging nettle and field bindweed. As a result of the complexity of BN epidemiology, no effective control strategies have been developed. In previous studies conducted in the eastern Mediterranean coast of Israel, chaste tree ( Vitex agnus‐castus ) was found to be the preferred host plant of H. obsoletus but did not harbour BN phytoplasma. Thus, a ‘push and pull’ strategy was suggested based on the fact that chaste tree plants located at vineyard borders was an effective trap plant for H. obsoletus adults. However, in other studies carried out in the eastern Adriatic coast of Montenegro, chaste tree was found to be a key source plant for BN phytoplasma transmission to grapevine. This study aimed to investigate (i) the interaction between chaste tree and H. obsoletus through survival, attractiveness and oviposition experiments conducted comparing the behaviour of H. obsoletus in chaste tree versus stinging nettle and grapevine and (ii) the capability of chaste tree to harbor ‘ Ca . P. solani’ in northern Italy through transmission trials. H. obsoletus adults were found to survive on chaste tree and grapevine over a 1 week period and prefer chaste tree to grapevine. Moreover, H. obsoletus produced eggs and overwintered as nymphs on chaste tree, even if at a lesser extent than on stinging nettle. H. obsoletus originating from nettle was found able to transmit ‘ Ca . P. solani’ to chaste tree (2 plants of 16 were found infected by the BN phytoplasma strain St5 identified in H. obsoletus specimens). These results increased our knowledge about the role of Vitex agnus‐castus as host plant of H. obsoletus and BN phytoplasma in northern Italy and do not recommend considering chaste tree as trap plant at vineyard borders.