jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P19.02: Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in twin pregnancies with placental dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Placental dysfunction in twin pregnancies may lead to fetal growth discordance and fetal distress. In intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses, middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity has been proposed in the clinical assessment of fetuses that have abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler. The aim of this study was to describe the fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) before birth or fetal death in twin pregnancies with placental dysfunction. Prospective observational study including twin pregnancies in which, at least, one fetus showing abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler velocimetry (pulsatility index > 95 p). Doppler studies were performed up to seven days before delivery or before fetal death. The fetuses were grouped in two groups: larger co-twin (group 1) and smaller co-twin (group 2). Twenty one twin pregnancies were included in the study. Abnormal UA-PI was significantly more frequent in group 2 (100%) than in the group 1 (19.1%, P < 0.001). The results in group 1 showed significant differences when compared with group 2, respectively: UA-PI (1.18 ± 0.62 vs. 2.46 ± 1.5, P < 0.001), MCA-PI (1.75 ± 0.42 vs. 1.45 ± 0.48, P = 0.037), MCA-PSV (38.1 ± 8.7 cm/s vs. 52.7 ± 12.4 cm/s, P < 0.001) and MCA-MoM (0.84 ± 0.18 vs. 1.18 ± 0.3, P < 0.001), and birth weight (1653 ± 446 g vs. 1177 ± 381 g, P < 0.001). MCA-PSV is a useful parameter to assess fetal cerebral hemodynamics, showing high peak systolic velocity before birth in fetuses with more severe compromise in twin pregnancies complicated by placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction.
Migration of Pesticide Residues from Agricultural Soil to Groundwater

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The pesticide content of agricultural soil and groundwater was investigated by monitoring three sampling sites located in the Northern Italy and cultivated with maize crop. The GC analyses of soil samples allowed the description of vertical distribution of pesticide residues in the soil profile. High concentrations of pesticide were determined in the superficial horizons while in the deeper layers the contamination reached values less than 0,2 μg/kg. The gas chromatographic results were positively correlated to the ELISA test ones, proving the possibility of utilizing immunoassay tests as a screening procedure. Key Words: Aquiferherbicidesoilgas chromatographic analysisELISA test
A collection of Book Reviews for Volume 31, Number 1&2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi is a theological and acclaimed Open Access journal that serves as the official journal of the Reformed Theological Society (Gereformeerde Teologiese Vereniging). It has a broad coverage that promotes multidisciplinary, religious and biblical aspects of studies in the international theological arena, aiming to further Reformational Theology on a scientific basis. It encourages research that challenges traditional discourses within and between the fields of biblical, religious, social and human sciences as well as the constructive engagement with the natural sciences where applicable. The editorial board welcomes discussion articles related to the promotion and furtherance of reformational theology. All contributions are refereed anonymously by at least three other scholars who are recognised as specialists in the particular field of study and the comments of the referees are held in high esteem. English, Afrikaans and Dutch are the general languages of publication and articles in German will also be considered.
Wissenstransfer, Experten und ihre Handlungsspielräume am Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), 1961-1982

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the history of development there has been a tendency to attribute developmental initiatives to coordinating centres in the global north and view countries in the south as recipients, a phenomenon that continues to the present day. The Central American Nutrition Institute (INCAP) is by contrast an example of a regional institution that not only generated a considerable body of knowledge concerning the nutritional state of the region and policy proposals but also advocated an alternative development model emphasizing local resources. Although INCAP enjoyed some success in disseminating a number of its ideas through international organisations, the implementation of its vision was ultimately hampered by the unstable political situation prevailing in Central America in the time period analyzed in this article.
Protective effect of 1, 3-diphenyl-1, 3-propanedione for thioacetamide-induced liver injury in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of 1,3-diphenyl-1, 3-propanedione ( DP-PD) for thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury. Methods: Forty male ICR mice were randomly assigned to normal control group, thioacetamide group (TAA) or one of three DPPD groups. Each DPPD group was dosed with DPPD 250, 500 or 1000 mg·kg-1 daily, respectively, via oral gavage for 4 days. The control and TAA groups were supplemented with normal saline for 4 days. In the 4 day, rats were i. p. given TAA 80 mg·kg-1 30 min after the last DPPD administration in the TAA group and DPPD groups. The serum ALT, AST ALP and LDH activities of the rats were measured. The liver tissues were collected from euthanasic rats for the measurement of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels and the pathohistological evaluation. Results: Compared with the control group, the serum activities of ALT, AST, LDH and ALP were significantly increased, and the liver GSH level was significantly reduced in the TAA group. Compared with the TAA group, the serum activities of ALT, AST, LDH and ALP were significantly decreased, and the liver GSH level was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the DPPD groups. The pathological examination showed less inflammatory damage of the liver tissues in the DPPD group than in the TAA group. Conclusion: DPPD had hepatoprotection from the thioacetamide-induced liver injury.
Digested Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) β-vignin Protein Exhibits Potential Antidiabetic Activity via Stimulating the Glucose Uptake Pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives: To assess and characterize the antidiabetic potential of digested adzuki bean β-vignin functional peptides in modulating hepatic glucose metabolism. Methods: Human liver cells (HepG2) were treated with either digested adzuki bean β-vignin (AB7S) obtained from simulated gastrointestinal digestion (10 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL) or dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors (gliptins). Cell viability (CV), glucose uptake (GU), and DPP IV activity in the cells were measured by MTS-CV, GU, and luminescence-based DPP IV inhibitory assays, respectively. The protein expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2), and protein kinase B (AKT)/p-AKT pathway were measured by ELISA and western blot. LC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to identify peptides in the digested AB7S and data was analyzed using the MassLynx V4.2 software. In addition, computational molecular docking was used to assess the peptide functionality to inhibit the DPP IV enzyme, modulating the hepatic glucose metabolism. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were conducted, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Purified AB7S (146 kDa) had a purity of > 90%. Peptide Pro-Val (PV) (214 Da; PI: 5.69; hydrophobicity: 7.58 kcal/mol) was identified by peptide sequencing from the purified AB7S colonic digests. PV showed the highest interaction with the DPP IV active site (-6.1 kcal/mol), like linagliptin, a Food and Drug Administration-approved diabetic medication. Three conventional hydrogen bonds were formed at Arg 358, Arg 669, and Glu 206. Digested AB7S (10-1000 μg/mL) did not affect CV. GU in the cells was ≥ 40% higher than the untreated control, suggesting that the digest was effective in increasing hepatic GU. CV of cells treated with 10 μg/mL (∼25 μM) AB7S digest was the same as that of cells treated with 80 μM DPP IV inhibitor (p > 0.05). Hepatic GU was 40% higher than the untreated control after 10 μg/mL AB7S digest treatment, comparable to that of 40 μM DPP IV inhibitor (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Digested AB7S was not harmful to hepatic cells at the concentrations tested and was effective in enhancing the hepatic GU pathways. These results suggested the effectiveness of digested AB7S in modulating markers of type 2 diabetes, similar to a DPP IV inhibitor. Funding Sources: USDA Pulse Crop Health Initiative's (grant number 58-3060-9-045).
Targeting Pili in Enterococcal Pathogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Passive protection, the administration of antibodies to prevent infection, has garnered significant interest in recent years as a potential prophylactic countermeasure to decrease the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections. Pili, polymerized protein structures covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan wall of many Gram-positive pathogens, are ideal targets for antibody intervention, given their importance in establishing infection and their accessibility to antibody interactions. In this work, we demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to the major component of Enterococcus faecalis pili, EbpC, labels polymerized pilus structures, diminishes biofilm formation, and significantly prevents the establishment of a rat endocarditis infection. The effectiveness of this anti-EbpC monoclonal provides strong evidence in support of its potential as a preventative. In addition, after radiolabeling, this monoclonal identified the site of enterococcal infection, providing a rare example of molecularly specific imaging of an established bacterial infection and demonstrating the versatility of this agent for use in future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Protein Crystallization Under Electric Field

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Great attention has been paid to promoting the quality of protein crystals.It is one of the methods used for crystallization that the electric field induces the protein crystallization.It has been reported that the electric field has positive effect on the protein crystallization.This article is a summary of the research works up to now which mainly concerned about effect of the electric field,including direct current,alternating current,internal and external electric field,upon the protein crystallization,equipments developed for protein crystallization in the electric field,factors affecting protein crystallization and principles of protein crystallization in electric field.
Zelotomys Osgood 1910

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zelotomys Osgood 1910 Zelotomys Osgood 1910, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 10: 7. Type Species: Mus hildegardeae Thomas 1902 Synonyms: Ochromys Thomas 1920. Species and subspecies: 2 species: Species Zelotomys hildegardeae (Thomas 1902) Species Zelotomys woosnami (Schwann 1906) Discussion: Colomys Division. Similar to Colomys in molar occlusal patterns (Misonne, 1969, and our observations), but strength of evolutionary link to either that genus or other murines requires assessment by phylogenetic analyses of morphological traits incorporating more characters than those associated with molars. The phyletic link between Zelotomys and Colomys, however, is reinforced by mtDNA cytochrome b (Lecompte et al., 2002 b) and nuclear IRBP gene sequences (E. Lecompte, in litt., 2002), which place Zelotomys as sister to Colomys and align both with Myomyscus verreauxii in a monophyletic cluster within a larger group composed of Praomys, Mastomys, Myomyscus, Hylomyscus, Heimyscus, and Stenocephalemys. The relationship between Zelotomys and the Stenocephalemys Division was earlier inferred by Davis (1965) and Jaeger (1976). Earliest records of Zelotomys comes from the late Pliocene of Botswana, and Pleistocene fossils have been found in East Africa, South Africa, and Namibia (Avery, 2000; Denys, 1999; Jaeger, 1976; Pickford and Mein, 1988; Senut et al., 1992).
[OP.4B.02] KLOTHO SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES BLOOD PRESSURE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Klotho interacts with various membrane proteins such as receptors for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) to alter their function. We have recently demonstrated that exogenous klotho protein supplementation suppresses renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and hypertension in adriamycin nephropathy. Renal expression of klotho is diminished in diabetes. In the present study, the effects of klotho supplementation on diabetic nephropathy were assessed. Design and method: Recombinant klotho protein (0.2 μg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered daily by subcutaneous injection to db/db mice. Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff methods. After 3 months, mice were killed by over-dose of anesthesia and the aorta and kidneys were harvested for the analysis. Results: Exogenous klotho protein supplementation reduced kidney weight (0.36 ± 0.03 vs. 0.28 ± 0.02 g, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (112 ± 3 vs. 105 ± 2 mmHg, p < 0.05), albuminuria (2.9 ± 0.6 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 mg/day, p < 0.05) and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2αl excretion (410 ± 94 vs. 74 ± 41 ng/day, p < 0.01) without changes in body weight. Although klotho supplementation slightly increased glycated albumin from 1510 ± 60 to 1740 ± 70 μg/ml (p < 0.05), klotho reduced renal angiotensin II levels (202 ± 8 vs 126 ± 4 fmol/g.kidney.wt) associated with reduced renal expression of angiotensinogen. Klotho supplementation improved aortic and renal expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as renal klotho expression itself (p < 0.01 for each). Klotho reduced renal abundance of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and renal expressions of TGF-β and fibronectin (p < 0.05 for each). Klotho supplementation diminished renal abundance of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR (p < 0.01 for each). Creatinine clearance and glomerular expression of nephrin were similar between klotho and control groups. Conclusions: The present data indicate that klotho supplementation reduces blood pressure and albuminuria in association with ameliorating RAS and fibrosis in db/db mice, similarly to adriamycin nephropathy. Furthermore, our results are consistent with the notion that klotho inhibits IGF signaling, inducing SOD to reduce oxidative stress and suppressing Akt-mTOR signaling to decrease abnormal kidney growth in diabetes. Finally, the present findings suggest that although klotho inhibits TGF-β signaling, it may increase insulin resistance, resulting in null effects on diabetic glomerulus, providing translational evidence that great cautions are required for glycemic control in applying klotho protein supplementation for diabetic nephropathy.
Chapter 14 Paediatric surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extract Introduction The management of sick children demands specialist skills. Many of the conditions seen in children are distinct from those seen in adults. Conditions that occur in both often present differently in children (e.g. appendicitis). You may have limited paediatric experience and dealing with anxious parents makes this especially stressful. However, the on-call paediatric team will be more than happy to advise and assist you, and basic surgical principles in children are identical to those in adults. Managing paediatric patients requires an understanding of the physiological differences between children and adults. Physiological parameters and age Paediatric fluid requirements Interdisciplinary co-operation In larger teaching hospitals, on-call specialist paediatric surgeons review children under a certain age, usually 4 years. However, in the majority of hospitals, the on-call general surgical team may be called to see children of all ages. The surgical team may require paediatric input for: Have a low threshold for discussing management with your...
What Matters most for museums? Individual and social influences on employees’ innovative behaviour

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although prior research has discussed the effects of several determinants on individual innovativeness, little is known about how individual together with social processes impact the adoption of innovation by employees. To address this issue and to examine the mediating mechanisms through which transformational leaders influence innovative behaviour, 200 museum employees were asked to fill out the Individual Innovativeness Scale, the Team Climate Inventory, and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, as well as to provide their demographic data. The multiple regression analysis revealed that individuals' demographics, transformational style of leadership, and task orientation are essential to explain museum employees' innovativeness. Additionally, task orientation partially mediated the association between transformational leadership style and individual innovation. These findings not only provide a valuable basis for better understanding museum employees' acceptance of innovation, but also put forward the need to consider various variables on the promotion of employees' innovative behaviour within art organizations.
Above-gap Conductance Anomaly Studied in\n Superconductor-graphene-superconductor Josephson Junctions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the electrical transport properties of\nsuperconductor-graphene-superconductor (SGS) Josephson junctions. In low\nvoltage bias, we observed conventional proximity-coupled Josephson effect, such\nas the supercurrent flow through the graphene, sub-gap structure of\ndifferential conductance due to Andreev reflection, and periodic modulation of\nthe critical current Ic with perpendicular magnetic field H to the graphene. In\nhigh bias above the superconducting gap voltage, however, we also observed an\nanomalous jump of the differential conductance, the voltage position of which\nis sensitive to the backgate voltage Vg. Our extensive study with varying Vg,\ntemperature, and H reveals that the above-gap structure takes place at a\ncharacteristic power P*, which is irrespective of Vg for a given junction.\nTemperature and H dependences of P* are well explained by the increase of the\nelectron temperature in graphene.\n
Computational kinetic model of VEGF trapping by soluble VEGF receptor-1: effects of transendothelial and lymphatic macromolecular transport

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signal transduction through the cell surface receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 regulates angiogenesis—the growth of new capillaries from preexistent microvasculature. Soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR1), a nonsignaling truncated variant of VEGFR1, has been postulated to inhibit angiogenic signaling via direct sequestration of VEGF ligands or dominant-negative heterodimerization with surface VEGFRs. The relative contributions of these two mechanisms to sVEGFR1's purported antiangiogenic effects in vivo are currently unknown. We previously developed a computational model for predicting the compartmental distributions of VEGF and sVEGFR1 throughout the healthy human body by simulating the molecular interaction networks of the VEGF ligand-receptor system as well as intercompartmental macromolecular biotransport processes. In this study, we decipher the dynamic processes that led to our prior prediction that sVEGFR1, through its ligand trapping mechanism alone, does not demonstrate significant steady-state antiangiogenic effects. We show that sVEGFR1-facilitated tissue-to-blood shuttling of VEGF accounts for a counterintuitive and drastic elevation in plasma free VEGF concentrations after both intramuscular and intravascular sVEGFR1 infusion. While increasing intramuscular VEGF production reduces free sVEGFR1 levels through increased VEGF-sVEGFR1 complex formation, we demonstrate a competing and opposite effect in which increased VEGF occupancy of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and the corresponding reduction in NRP1 availability for internalization of sVEGFR1 unexpectedly increases free sVEGFR1 levels. In conclusion, dynamic intercompartmental transport processes give rise to our surprising prediction that VEGF trapping alone does not account for sVEGFR1's antiangiogenic potential. sVEGFR1's interactions with cell surface receptors such as NRP1 are also expected to affect its molecular interplay with VEGF.
Inter-iwi sport can strengthen cultural identity for urban Māori

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Inter-hapū (inter-subtribe) Māori (indigenous peoples of New Zealand) sports events, usually held within rural regions, attracts affiliates from all around Aotearoa/New Zealand for a chance to represent their hapū. Anecdotal feedback suggests that these types of events can strengthen cultural or iwi (tribal) identity. If correct, similar events and activities within urban contexts may strengthen the cultural identity of urban-Māori who are potentially dislocated from traditional Māori contexts. This qualitative study explores the hypothesis that "Inter-iwi sport can strengthen cultural identity for urban Māori" using methodological approaches of both Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) and Grounded Theory. In-depth interviews with eight participants of an inter-iwi urban sports event called the 'Iwi of Origin' were undertaken to define what 'being Māori' meant to them, and if they thought the Iwi of Origin strengthened their Māori identity. Issues around the future delivery of inter-iwi sports events in Auckland were also discussed.According to the participants, the Iwi of Origin strengthened their Māori identity, however important variations in the defintions of 'Māori identity' were found. Further findings suggest that Māori sports events and programmes in Auckland are an important part of strengthening cultural identity for Māori living in urban areas. An annual inter-iwi sports competition may promote whakawhanaungatanga amongst urban Māori in Auckland and can also be used as a method to support iwi development. The research recommendations will discuss the need for effective leadership, the requirement for further research to be carried out on traditional Māori pastimes and the belief that the use of traditional indicators of cultural identity be used with caution given the potential to marginalise and further distance those who have already been dislocated from traditional components of their culture.
Dependence of long-term depression on postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in visual cortex.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Long-term depression (LTD) is held relevant to memory and learning. Its induction is known to require postsynaptic calcium increases. However, the source of these calcium increases remains unclear. In visual cortex slices, LTD was induced by tetanization after blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. LTD induced under this condition was prevented by an intracellular injection of each of the following drugs into the postsynaptic neuron: (i) guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate, which competitively inhibits the binding of GTP to GTP-binding regulatory proteins; (ii) heparin, which antagonizes 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate binding; and (iii) calcium chelators. Moreover, LTD was induced without tetanization by applying quisqualate (10 microM), a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, but not another agonist, trans-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (10 microM). Together, these results suggest that activation of 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate-linked subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptor is responsible for the increase in postsynaptic calcium concentration, which results in homosynaptic LTD.