jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Cellular electrophysiological effects of fulguration by low energy shock].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In spite of the increasing use of catheter ablation in the treatment of refractory ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, little information is available on the basic electrophysiological effects of the treatment. Although high-energy shocks are still usually delivered, the current trend is toward lower energies. We studied the electrophysiological effects of non-deflagrating anodic shocks of 2 joules on preparations of sheep ventricular myocardium and Purkinje's fibers. The shocks were delivered by a standard defibrillator between a small-area catheter electrode and a wide-area inert electrode. Action potentials were recorded by the standard microelectrode technique. After the shocks were delivered, the Purkinje's cells that were 5 mm distant from the shocked area on either side were depolarized in the -30 to -40 mV zone, but they progressively reverted to an almost normal resting potential. Recovery was bi-exponential, with time constants of about 1 min and 10 min respectively. Similarly, the conduction block induced by the electric shock in 100% of the cases was reversible in 50%. It must be noted that at the time of conduction recovery the pattern observed was that of electrotonic conduction where the distal action potential conducted was preceded by a pre-potential. This pattern always regressed progressively, with gradual disappearance of the pre-potential in the distal cells, suggesting that the unexcitable area had vanished or become smaller. Although a normal 1/1 conduction and normal action potentials returned in the cells that were 5 mm distant from the shocked area, recordings performed at a distance of 1 to 4 mm from that area disclosed alterations of action potentials that were usually irreversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acetabular labrum tears: a cause of hip pain and degenerative arthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A torn acetabular labrum causing disabling hip pain has been noted in two patients. One patient had obvious erosion of the articular surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum corresponding to the location of the displaced torn labrum. Excision of the torn labrum fragments afforded relief of the symptoms. In addition, a torn labrum was found in two surgical procedures for degenerative arthritis of the hip. A torn labrum could be a cause of degenerative hip disease where no preexisting condition is present, ie, slipped epiphysis or infection.
On the Approximation Ratio of Ordered Parsings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shannon's entropy is a clear lower bound for statistical compression. The situation is not so well understood for dictionary-based compression. A plausible lower bound is $b$, the least number of phrases of a general bidirectional parse of a text, where phrases can be copied from anywhere else in the text. Since computing $b$ is NP-complete, a popular gold standard is $z$, the number of phrases in the Lempel-Ziv parse of the text, which is the optimal one when phrases can be copied only from the left. While $z$ can be computed in linear time with a greedy algorithm, almost nothing has been known for decades about its approximation ratio with respect to $b$. In this paper we prove that $z=O(b\log(n/b))$, where $n$ is the text length. We also show that the bound is tight as a function of $n$, by exhibiting a text family where $z = Ω(b\log n)$. Our upper bound is obtained by building a run-length context-free grammar based on a locally consistent parsing of the text. Our lower bound is obtained by relating $b$ with $r$, the number of equal-letter runs in the Burrows-Wheeler transform of the text. We proceed by observing that Lempel-Ziv is just one particular case of greedy parses, meaning that the optimal value of $z$ is obtained by scanning the text and maximizing the phrase length at each step, and of ordered parses, meaning that there is an increasing order between phrases and their sources. As a new example of ordered greedy parses, we introduce {\em lexicographical} parses, where phrases can only be copied from lexicographically smaller text locations. We prove that the size $v$ of the optimal lexicographical parse is also obtained greedily in $O(n)$ time, that $v=O(b\log(n/b))$, and that there exists a text family where $v = Ω(b\log n)$.
Usher syndrome type 2A complicated with glycogen storage disease type 3 due to paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 1 in a sporadic patient

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The condition of uniparental disomy (UPD) occurs when an individual inherits two copies of a chromosome, or part of a chromosome, from one parent. Most cases of uniparental heterodisomy (UPhD) do not cause diseases, whereas cases of uniparental isodisomy (UPiD), while rare, may be pathogenic. Theoretically, UPiD may cause rare genetic diseases in a homozygous recessive manner. Methods A 4‐year‐old girl presented with congenital hearing loss, developmental delay, hepatomegaly, and other clinical features. She and her parents were genetically tested using trio whole exome sequencing (Trio‐WES) and copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq). In addition, we built a structural model to further examine the pathogenicity of the UPiD variants. Results Trio‐WES identified a paternal UPiD in chromosome 1, and two homozygous pathogenic variants AGL c.4284T>G/p.Tyr1428* and USH2A c.6528T>A/p.Tyr2176* in the UPiD region. We further analyzed the pathogenicity of these two variations. The patient was diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 2A (USH2A) and glycogen storage disease type III (GSD3). Conclusions Our study reports a rare case of a patient carrying two pathogenic variants of different genes caused by paternal UPiD, supporting the potential application of Trio‐WES in detecting and facilitating the diagnosis of UPD.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURE AND GRADIENT INFILL ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR POLYLACTIDE ACID MATERIALS (PLA)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of our gradient infill on the mechanical behavior of polylactide acid (PLA) materials resulting from 3d printing, which has an impact on the efficiency of material use while still providing good mechanical support. In this study, the specimens were designed using nTopology software and there were 4 variations of the structure, namely square, honeycomb, diamond, and gyroid, each of which was made gradient and non-gradient, then a bending test was carried out to determine its mechanical behavior thats PLA materials. The results of this study indicate that a comparison between specimens with gradient and non-gradient models with 50% porosity can increase the deflection of the specimen, namely square 15.7-19.1 mm, honeycomb 16.3-20.6 mm, Diamond 19.7-21.8 mm, and gyroid 20.3-22.1 mm, with an average deflection of 2.04 mm. In addition, there is a linear correlation of the relationship between thickness to deflection and flexural modulus whereas the thickness value increases, the deflection and flexural modulus will increase. The conclusion of this research is that giving a gradient to the structure can improve mechanical behavior, especially deflection.
Analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 μm) fiber is a cost-effective technique for the determination of different pesticide residues in environmental and biological samples followed by a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). In the present study more than 147 water samples collected in and around Lucknow city were analyzed. The method detection limits and recovery percentages were found in the ranges of 0.05–0.20 μg/L and 87.1–95.3% respectively. The average concentration of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in water samples within the city were ranged between 0.258–0.829 μg/L and 0.143–0.294 μg/L respectively. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in highway water samples ranged between 0.261–2.80 μg/L and 0.129–0.53 μg/L. Pyrethroid pesticides were not found in any of the water samples tested. The levels of pesticide residues were compared with their MRL values recommended by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA), Government of India (1954).
Experience with colposcopy in a family practice center.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The experience of a family practice center that performed colposcopy for one year was reviewed to provide insight into the appropriateness of this procedure to a family practice clinic. Almost three thousand Papanicolaou smears were performed, which prompted 97 colposcopy clinic appointments involving 68 patients. Dysplastic Pap smears accounted for 1.82% of the total. Atypical Pap smears occurred in 3.91% of the tests, and 16.1% of a sample of these demonstrated dysplasia. Controversy concerning the atypical Pap smear is discussed. The colposcopy service was convenient for the patients and was at least revenue neutral while providing a new professional opportunity for selected family practitioners. A referral base of at least 1,000 Pap smears might justify a colposcopy program, depending on referral strategies.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through the PPARγ/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The natural compound Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has been demonstrated to exert anti-cancer effect on multiple cancers. This study aimed to clarify the role of HSYA in inhibiting colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of HSYA (0, 25, 50, and 100 μM) was exposed to HCT116 CRC cells, then cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were estimated by colony formation assay, TUNEL staining, wound-healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Western blotting assay was utilized to observe the expression of proteins involved in cell apoptosis, migration, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/PTEN/Akt signaling, including PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, PPARγ, and phosphorylated (p)-Akt. HCT116 cells that treated with 100 μM HSYA were also pre-treated with PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, or knockdown with PPARγ using short hairpin (sh)-RNA, to down-regulate PPARγ expression. Then, the above functional analysis was repeated. Results demonstrated that HSYA (25, 50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced HCT116 cell viability, but had no effect on the cell viability of human normal intestinal epithelial cell HIEC. HSYA also inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion but promoted apoptosis of HCT116 cell in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, the PPARγ/PTEN/Akt signaling was activated upon HSYA treatment. Finally, GW9662 and PPARγ knockdown blocked all the effects of HSYA on HCT116 cells. In conclusion, HSYA could exhibit anti-cancer effect on CRC via activating PPARγ/PTEN/Akt signaling, thereby inhibiting cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.
Analysis Gut Microbiota in Pregnant Women Trimester Three and Their Babies as Diagnostic Test of Degenerative Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate gut microbiota colonization in the first two years of a child's life and explore the potential of the gut microbiota for the development of in vivo diagnostics (IVD) of degenerative diseases by reconstructing the dynamics of early colonization of gut microbiota at a genomic scale for the development of degenerative disease diagnostic kits.Data is being collected from pregnant ladies in their third trimester who will be used as research samples.This information comprises a health history, food (nutrition), and the way of delivering breast milk or formula milk for moms who will give birth to their babies, as well as the manner of giving birth, which is either normal or caesarean section.Interviews and questionnaires were used to acquire the sample data.Following the third stage of data processing from respondents, samples (whole blood, urine, and feces) were collected from healthy mothers and newborn babies.Whole blood, urine, and feces samples were obtained from pregnant women in their third trimester and newborns born in various locations, and each was labeled with the sample ID number.In the laboratory, samples were screened for Toxoplasma gondii microorganisms using the Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in serum and plasma samples (DALF Toxo-CA), and DNA was extracted and isolated from feces.Thus, amplifying the sample DNA with Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and proceeding with sequencing.
The Evolution of Interdependence in World Equity Markets - Evidence from Minimum Spanning Trees

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The minimum spanning tree concept from physics is used to study the process of market integration for a large group of national stock market indices. We show how the tree grows over time and describe the dynamics of its various characteristics. Over the period studied, 1997-2006, the tree shows a tendency to become less bushy. This implies that global equity markets are increasingly interrelated. The consequence for global investors is a potential reduction of the benefits of international portfolio diversification.
Age and sex identification from wings of sage‐grouse

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We redefine and clarify procedures to classify sex and age (juveniles, yearlings, adults, and breeding‐age) of greater ( Centrocercus urophasianus ) and Gunnison sage‐grouse ( C. minimus ) from wings. Existing keys for greater sage‐grouse age and sex classification do not incorporate more recent information on timing and sequence of molt or regional variation. We evaluated keys with the aid of gonadally inspected, hunter‐harvested sage‐grouse in Colorado (1973–1990) and with birds captured and measured in Washington (1992–1997) and Oregon (2008–2012). The technique is accurate and transferable among biologists who have basic training in reading a key and examining wings (primaries, secondaries, tertials, and coverts). Accurate information on sex and age of grouse, particularly during harvest, is a fundamental component of our understanding of population dynamics, which ultimately enables improved management. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Metabolic Profile as a Potential Modifier of Long-Term Radiation Effects on Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Atomic Bomb Survivors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune system impairments reflected by the composition and function of circulating lymphocytes are still observed in atomic bomb survivors, and metabolic abnormalities including altered blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels have also been detected in such survivors. Based on closely related features of immune and metabolic profiles of individuals, we investigated the hypothesis that long-term effects of radiation exposure on lymphocyte subsets might be modified by metabolic profiles in 3,113 atomic bomb survivors who participated in health examinations at the Radiation Effect Research Foundation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in 2000-2002. The lymphocyte subsets analyzed involved T-, B- and NK-cell subsets, and their percentages in the lymphocyte fraction were assessed using flow cytometry. Health examinations included metabolic indicators, body mass index, serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein and hemoglobin A1c, as well as diabetes and fatty liver diagnoses. Standard regression analyses indicated that several metabolic indicators of obesity/related disease, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, were positively associated with type-1 helper T- and B-cell percentages but were inversely associated with naïve CD4 T and NK cells. A regression analysis adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol revealed a radiation dose relationship with increasing NK-cell percentage. Additionally, an interaction effect was suggested between radiation dose and C-reactive protein on B-cell percentage with a negative coefficient of the interaction term. Collectively, these findings suggest that radiation exposure and subsequent metabolic profile changes, potentially in relationship to obesity-related inflammation, lead to such long-term alterations in lymphocyte subset composition. Because this study is based on cross-sectional and exploratory analyses, the implications regarding radiation exposure, metabolic profiles and circulating lymphocytes warrant future longitudinal and molecular mechanistic studies.
Immiscible-fluid heat-of-fusion energy-storage system. Final report, June 1, 1976-May 31, 1979

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Research aimed at evaluating the technical feasibility of a heat storage system using the latent heat of fusion of salt hydrates is described. The initial stages of this research involved: identification and bench scale evaluation of feasible salt hydrates; crystal growth studies on the selected salts; identification and screening of immiscible heat transfer fluids; and heat transfer rate and system geometry study. Based on these studies a demonstration unit of 55 gal capacity was designed and built. This final phase of the research sought to identify operational difficulties that might exist in a full scale unit, and determine whether any degradation in the phase change material was observable over an extended period of operation. Based on the bench scale studies, disodium phosphate was selected as the storage material for this study, and Exxon Marcol 72 was chosen as the heat transfer fluid. The design, operation and performance of the storage tank and prototype system are described. The disodium phosphate storage solution showed no signs of degradation during the course of a one month extended cycling run. The average thermal cooling efficiency was 72.0%. Based on the observed behaviour of the pilot system, recommendations for alteration of the system configuration tomore » counteract the salt deposition problem have been made. It is concluded that no technical problems exist to preclude application of the direct contact-phase change thermal energy storage system. (LCL)« less
The Effect of Increasing Information in the Major League Baseball Trade Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper uses data acquired from five Baseball statistics websites from the 2006-2010 Major League Baseball seasons to test the effect of increasing information in the Trade Market. Specifically, to test how increasing information affects teams’ preferences in the Trade Market. Player age and service time were used as predictors of team preferences, and an interaction variable between team winning percentage and week of season was used as a predictor of increasing team information. This paper finds that—with significance—the effect of a team’s winning percentage in relation to week in the season a given trade takes place has a negative effect on an acquired player’s tenure and a positive effect on an acquired player’s age. This relationship is likely due to the fact that more successful clubs are looking for established veteran players who can provide immediate help to their Major League team. Conversely, poorly performing clubs are likely looking for younger players who will contribute to their Major League team in future seasons.
Pharmacological characterization of arteriolar smooth muscle located vanilloid receptor‐1 (TRPV1)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Earlier we found a functional TRPV1 expression in arteriolar smooth muscle cells, suggesting a new drug target to regulate microvascular diameter. We characterized the vascular smooth muscle located TRPV1 mediated vasoconstriction to establish its pharmacological properties. Vascular diameter of isolated, pressurized skeletal (m. gracilis) muscle arterioles possessing spontaneous myogenic tone was measured upon treatment by various TRPV1 agonists. First, capsaicin responses were investigated in detail. Application of TRPV1 knock out mice and AMG9810 (a specific competitive inhibitor) confirmed the involvement of TRPV1. Then potency, efficacy, kinetics of action, receptor desensitization was determined for a set of agonists to establish SAR. Some of the tested TRPV1 agonists evoked substantial constrictions (capsaicin, MSK-195, JYL-79), while others were without effect (resiniferatoxin, JYL-273), but generarly leading to a complete desensitization of arteriolar TRPV1 (with the exception of capsaicin). Potency of the applied agonists was also tested on a nociceptive test (eye -wiping) suggesting that the arteriolar smooth muscle located TRPV1 has different structure-activity relationship than the sensory neuron located receptor. Funding: TÁMOP-4.2.1.B-09/1/KONV-2010-0007
Review of Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices Among Adolescent Girls: Challenges, Health Implications, and Future Directions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although a woman's menstruation is a normal biological process that is essential to her reproductive life, managing menstrual hygiene is still a major worldwide issue, especially for teenage girls in low- and middle-income nations. Maintaining dignity and one's physical and mental health depend on practicing proper menstrual hygiene. However, barriers to good menstrual hygiene habits persist due to cultural taboos, a lack of resources, and inadequate knowledge. Examining national and international policies targeted at resolving these concerns, this analysis examines the relationship between menstrual hygiene, adolescent health, and the right to health. The conversation emphasizes how important it is to manage menstrual hygiene in an appropriate way to prevent a girl's period from interfering with her everyday activities or undermining her self-esteem. A variety of menstruation items are assessed, with a focus on choosing the right goods to preserve hygiene, including sanitary pads, tampons, menstrual cups, and period underwear. The review also touches on the effects of menstruation problems on women's lives. The support that national and international initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), and the Scheme for Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene provide for the management of menstrual hygiene and adolescent health are examined. In order to guarantee that teenage girls may have healthy, productive lives with dignity and respect, the article emphasizes the need for ongoing efforts to enhance menstrual hygiene management via education, access to sanitary products, and the breakdown of societal taboos.
What is wrong with our current nuclear forces?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I discuss ab initio predictions for light and intermediate-mass nuclei as well as nuclear matter. Problems and open issues are outlined and an attempt is made to relate them to specific deficiencies of the chiral two- and many-nucleon forces currently in use. In particular, I identify the softness of the NN potential (due to non-locality) as one important factor for the improvement of microscopic predictions. This finding is very much in tune with the recent investigation by Lu et al. (arXiv:1812.10928) where---within a simple, but realistic model---it is shown that proper nuclear matter saturation requires a considerable amout of non-locality in the NN interaction.