jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neighbours' talk: interspecific choruses among songbirds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In territorial songbirds, duets between mates represent one of the best-known examples of communal display, with the main function being the defence of joint resources. In this study, we found evidence of a coordinated choral display performed by neighbouring heterospecific songbirds. In such choruses, most of the participating species perform a deliberate temporal overlap of songs, thus suggesting agonistic behaviour. However, they then utilize a complex form of behaviour to avoid signal jamming, making the aggressive purpose unlikely. We define these displays as “coordinated interspecific choruses”. We recorded dusk choruses of songbirds living in a mixed turkey oak wood in central Italy, and then carried out a niche overlap analysis using null models that were intended for investigations of concurrent emissions of songs, finding that species tend to sing concurrently instead of using the refractory period of another species. Among the species singing concurrently, about half used the same frequency range, but instead of finding considerable spectral overlap between their vocalizations, the number of real spectral overlaps was lower than would be expected by chance. We propose a tentative explanation for this, where such choruses are the expression of the existence of a neighbourhood of different species that has evolved a communal signal that is similar to that used by mates in a pair, i.e. coordinated vocalizations. As coordination requires experience of each other's songs, we propose that evolution has selected individuals that are more skilled at learning heterospecific songs.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Antidiabetic Drugs Remogliflozin Etabonate and Vildagliptin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The present study was done to develop a rapidand precise method by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.Materials and Methods: This method was developed for the validation of Remogliflozin etabonate and vildagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out on a hypersil C18 (4.6×150 mm, 5 μm) column using a mixture of acetonitrile: Water (50:50% v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 259 nm.Results: The retention times of remogliflozin etabonate and vildagliptin were found to be 2.344 and 3.282 minutes, respectively. This method produced linear responses in the concentration range of 10 to 50 ppm of remogliflozin etabonate 5 to 25 ppm for vildagliptin. The precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD.Discussion: This method can be used in the quality control tests of both bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Hypersomnolence and narcolepsy; a pragmatic diagnostic neurophysiological approach.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Out of a group of 250 consecutive patients who were examined for various disorders of sleep and waking at Ghent University Hospital within a period of 24 months, 30 patients with hypersomnolence associated with a suspected underlying neurological etiology were selected. The population consisted of 15 males and 15 females with mean age of 36 years (range: 16-60 years). Twenty-one patients had had hypersomnolence for more than 2 years. All patients underwent a single night polysomnography (PSG) and a 4-nap multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). PSG was normal in 23 patients. Sleep onset REM period (SOREMP) was defined as the occurrence of REM sleep within 15 min. after initiation of sleep. PSG demonstrated SOREMP's in only 1 patient and showed evidence of obstructive sleep apnea in 4 patients. Two patients had a low sleep efficiency. MSLT demonstrated hypersomnolence in 17 patients of whom 6 showed SOREMP. Significant hypersomnolence was defined as a mean sleep latency < or = 5 min. 4 patients fulfilled the classical clinical and polygraphic criteria (> or = 2 SOREMP) of narcolepsy. In 8 patients the tentative diagnosis of idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence was made. 13 patients did not sleep during MSLT. These results emphasize the relative importance of MSLT. Our limited 4-nap MSLT protocol proved useful in distinguishing narcolepsy from idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence.
Sex-Role Attitudes of Vocational Guidance and Counseling Personnel in the State of Texas

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the sex-role attitudes of vocational guidance and counseling personnel in Texas. The population was comprised of vocational guidance counselors and vocational guidance teachers. The results demonstrated the association between their sex-role attitudes and the independent variables, occupation, sex, age, level of education, marital status, and school district size. Data were obtained by sending the Osmond-Martin Sex-Role Attitude Scale with questions for the collection of demographic information. The SRAS is an instrument designed to identify the traditionality of the respondents' sex-role attitudes in four separate categories. The survey instruments were sent to two randomly selected sample groups.
Streamlining the Diagnosis of Atypical Facial Palsies: A 5-year Review of 805 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Currently, there are no definitive guidelines in the investigation and management of atypical facial palsies (AFPs). Our aim was to determine the etiology of AFPs presenting to a tertiary facial palsy center and to review the current spectrum of diagnostic and management approaches to these conditions. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of attendees at the Queen Victoria Hospital multidisciplinary facial palsy clinic over a 5-year period from 2016 to 2020 was conducted. Demographic data were collated from the QVH Research and Governance team. Those presenting with classic Bell’s palsy or Ramsay-Hunt syndrome were excluded. Anyone with atypical presentations (including multiple recurrences, focal neurological deficits, polycranial neuropathies, autoimmune conditions, hemifacial spasms, hearing/balance issues, weight loss, segmental facial palsies, and gradual onset presentations) were included under the AFP category. These patients were subjected to standard serological and radiological investigations and their follow-ups were reviewed. Results: A total of 849 patients were identified, and 805 had actual facial palsy presentations. Of these, 172 patients had AFP. The majority of these patients had MRI imaging tests, which were useful, but the remaining serological tests were found to correlate more with symptom clusters and specific questions rather than with random tests for all AFPs. Conclusions: Although serological and radiological investigations help in the diagnosis of AFP, specific questions and presentations help streamline the diagnosis, without affecting its accuracy whilst reducing unnecessary tests and, thereby, cost and time. We present an algorithm organized by specific questions of presentations in those with AFPs.
Evidence of Gradients of Density and Magnetic Field in the Remnant of Tycho’s Supernova

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract By using surface brightness maps of Tycho’s supernova remnant (SNR) in radio and X-rays, along with the properties of thermal and synchrotron emission, we have derived the postshock density and magnetic field (MF) strength distributions over the projection of this remnant. Our analysis reveals a density gradient oriented toward the northwest, while the MF strength gradient aligns with the Galactic plane, pointing eastward. Additionally, utilizing this MF map, we have derived the spatial distributions of the cutoff frequency and maximum energy of electrons in Tycho’s SNR. We further comment on the implications of these findings for interpreting the gamma-ray emission from Tycho’s SNR.
New relativistic S-matrix results for scattering -- beyond the usual anomalous factors/beyond impulse approximation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The relativistic second-order S-matrix elements for photon-atom scattering have been successfully calculated with numerical methods within the independent particle approximation (IPA). This permits an assessment of the validity of simpler approximate predictions which are commonly used and it offers the possibility of improved tabulations of theoretical predictions. A variety of unresolved issues remain, some associated with the relativistic theory, some with IPA. The systematic use of the second-order S-matrix in calculations of Rayleigh scattering from isolated atoms has led to significant progress in understanding this process and to a wide range of agreement with experiment. The energy and angular dependence of anomalous factors and the importance of relativistic, higher-multipole and bound-bound contributions in their calculation is better understood. However correlation effects must also be included to obtain predictions for the near-edge region, such extensions of the present S-matrix calculation have been discussed but few results are sofar available. Existing empirical approaches can be assessed in regard to their success in dealing with known IPA features. We have recently calculated the relativistic second-order S-matrix element for Compton scattering and have begun to try to understand this process in different regions. We can discuss when the more complete calculation confirms the standard Compton peak. In the softer part of the spectrum impulse approximation fails. There can be resonant Raman peaks, and in the soft-photon region the spectrum is infrared divergent, proportional to the photoeffect angular distribution. This means the traditional incoherent scattering factor is undefined in the absence of a low-energy detector efficiency cutoff.
ChemInform Abstract: Milbemycin Derivatives: Epoxidation of Milbemycins.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sulfur‐coated Fertilizers for Sugarcane: I. Plant Response to Sulfur‐coated Urea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Crop growth and yield on sand soils is often limited by low N availability due to leaching losses from the soil. This study was initiated to determine if sulfur‐coated urea (SCU) could supply adequate N nutrition and eliminate the need for repeated N applications for sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) grown on previously uncropped Immokalee fine sand in southern Florida. Single applications of two SCU's were compared with split applications of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (AS), each at three N rates, 56, 112, and 168 kg/ha. Application of SCU at planting in November resulted in excellent growth and high leaf N concentrations in the spring but did not provide optimum N throughout the growing season. Leaf N concentrations in late summer and tonnages of sugarcane and sugar for SCU plots approached, but did not equal, those attained with four applications of AS. Higher tonnages were recorded for the slower releasing SCU than for the faster releasing source but both SCU sources released large amounts of N before the warm summer months when N is required in the highest quantities. The data indicate that SCU's which release N more slowly and/or a later application date should provide better N nutrition and eliminate the need for several split applications of soluble sources.
Malvidin and delphinidin exhibit a dose‐dependent effect on cell viability and apoptosis in HT‐29 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anthocyanidins (ANTH) induce apoptosis in some cancer cell lines, but studies describing the dose‐dependent effects of ANTH on cell populations are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose‐dependent response of malvidin (MAL) and delphinidin (DEL), ANTH with different chemical structures, on cell viability and apoptosis in HT‐29 cells in comparison with curcumin (CUR), a phenolic compound and a known inducer of apoptosis. Cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 80, or 100 umol/L MAL or DEL or 40 or 80 umol/L CUR for 48 h at 37°C, 5% CO2, 95% air. Cells were treated with 250 umol/L tert‐butyl hydroperoxide for 2 h as a positive control. A significant ANTH concentration effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis was observed but MAL and DEL had similar effects on these measures. Lower concentrations of DEL (5 and 10 umol/L) and MAL (5 umol/L) increased cell viability by 12–16% compared to control, while higher concentrations of CUR, (80 umol/L), MAL (80 umol/L and 100 umol/L), and DEL (80 umol/L and 100 umol/L) decreased cell viability by 16–44%. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring caspase‐3 activity. Caspase‐3 activity only significantly increased with 80 umol/L MAL and DEL, by a fold increase of about 1.7. This data suggests MAL and DEL have comparable effects on HT‐29 cell viability and concentrations as high as 80 umol/L MAL and DEL are needed to induce apoptosis.
Numerical – Experimental correlation of microstructures, cooling rates and mechanical properties of AISI 1045 steel during the Jominy end-quench test

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Submitted by Biblioteca Suporte PUCRS (biblioteca.suporte@pucrs.br) on 2022-09-13T20:31:13Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nNumerical_Experimental_correlation_of_microstructures_cooling_rates_and_mechanical_properties_of_AISI_1045_steel.pdf: 7750771 bytes, checksum: 0c8261d39c4dfdcbc8dbb224060c092c (MD5)\nNumerical_Experimental_correlation_of_microstructures_cooling_rates_and_mechanical_properties_of_AISI_1045_steel.pdf: 7750771 bytes, checksum: 0c8261d39c4dfdcbc8dbb224060c092c (MD5)
Challenges to Nonprofit Organization Participation in Social and Development Policy Planning in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In South Africa, government relies significantly on NGOs in the delivery of social services (Patel, L. 2012. “Developmental Social Policy, Social Welfare Services and the Non‐Profit Sector in South Africa.” Social Policy & Administration 46 (6): 603–18). The services NGOs provide in areas such as early childhood development, education, health care, skills development, food security, elder care, and other arenas form part of South Africa’s framework for achieving its long-term development goals. Also aligned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this government-NGO shared vision for development highlights the importance of NGOs in the development ecosystem. At the policy level, government explicitly refers to NGOs as stakeholders and development partners. However, at the level of practice, questions remain about NGOs’ participation in planning for the development to which they so significantly contribute, and the extent of NGOs’ role in increasing participation in democratic processes. In an effort to better understand whether NGOs adequately participate in development planning processes in South Africa, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 73 participants, including NGO leaders and relevant key informants from national, provincial and municipal levels of government. The interview data were supplemented with content analysis of government documents. In spite of the fact that NGOs’ involvement in development planning is explained by the state as a good governance principle ensuring meaningful participation of stakeholders (Republic of South Africa: Department of Social Development 2017, United Nations Development Programme 2011), the research findings suggest that NGOs’ participation in the development planning process is deficient. This deficiency stems from institutional and policy issues including the lack of a framework for participation, government’s perception of NGOs and neglect of the NGO sector, and political issues such as partisan political activity in spaces of participation and engagement. The democratic potential of NGO participation is also hindered by organizational issues relating to the amorphous nature of the NGO sector, apathy of NGOs and a fragmented NGO sector.
Transport and Golgi organization 2 deficiency with a prominent elevation of C14:1 during a metabolic crisis: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mutations in transport and Golgi organization 2 homolog ( TANGO2 ) have recently been described as a cause of an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by episodes of metabolic crisis associated with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we report a case of a one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old Japanese girl, born to nonconsanguineous parents, who presented with metabolic crisis characterized by hypoglycemia with hypoketonemia, rhabdomyolysis, lactic acidosis, and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) at the age of 6 months. Acylcarnitine analysis during the episode of crisis showed prominent elevation of C14:1, suggesting very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. In addition, worsening rhabdomyolysis was observed after intravenous administration of L‐carnitine. VLCAD deficiency was initially suspected; however, the enzyme activity in lymphocytes was only mildly decreased at the gene carrier level, and no mutation in the VLCAD gene ( ADADVL ) was detected. Subsequently, acylcarnitine analysis was nonspecific at 17‐h fasting and almost normal during the stable phase. Eventually, a trio whole‐exome sequencing revealed a compound heterozygous variant of two novel variants in the TANGO2 gene, a missense variant, and a deletion of exon 7. This is the first case of TANGO2 deficiency in Asians. Our case suggests that elevated C14:1 may be seen in severe metabolic crises and that the use of L‐carnitine should be avoided during metabolic crises.
A parallelizing method for implementing image processing tasks on SIMD linear processor arrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes Stack-Based Method (SBM), a general parallelizing method for implementing region parallel operations on Linear Processor Arrays (LPAs). By taking full advantage of the addressing autonomy of each PE. SBM proceeds a pixel-updating-wave (PUW) in a image content directed way across the the image which is separately located on local memories of PEs. Based on SBM, each PE can detect and operate only on pixel data which are ready to be operated in a parallel and autonomous way under the SIMD constraint. Enhancements of existing LPA architectures for full support of SBM is also discussed.
Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recycling industrial waste has become a favorable option to sustain future industrial development under the anthropogenic circularity philosophy. The lack of scientific identification for recycling has seriously declined the treatment and disposal of industrial waste. This study started the primary endeavor to measure the recyclability of industrial waste. It aimed to use the clarified recyclability to support policymakers improve the circular economy of industrial waste, particularly at the metal recycling stage; in the meantime, developing effective strategies and systems for waste management. To achieve that, we defined various metal grades in the selected industrial waste and then combined the grade with the statistical entropy function to form an innovative model for estimating the recyclability. The results suggest that industrial waste exhibiting high recyclability (e.g., red mud) reflects low disorder and eminent recycling; industrial waste that indicates a low recycling value (e.g., gold tailings) offers easy recycling. Moreover, the created recyclability map identified three recycling zones (difficult, moderate, and easy) useful for enhancing recycling. This model and the results could be employed as a method to design strategies and prioritize the recycling list of industrial waste.
Pest of seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

U stetocinje bilja ubrajaju se razliciti nametnici (kukci i druge životinjske vrste), uzrocnici bolesti, i korovi. Poznat je veliki broj stetocinja sjemenja i plodova kultiviranog i samoniklog bilja u antropogenim ekoustavima. Fitoparazitne nematode mogu se naci u sjemankama raznih korova kao i na kultiviranim biljkama. Na sjemenu stolisnika javlja se Anguina milllefolii ; na bjeloj rosulji, livadnoj vlasnjaci, obicnoj slakoperci javlja se Anguina agrostis ; na žitaricama Anguina tritici ; na crvenoj vlasulji javlja se Anguina graminis ; na cvorastoj ostrici i livadnoj macici nalazi se Anguina spp.
Islamic Education Financing Models

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Educational administrators need to comprehend various models of educational funding as a guide in executing educational programs. The selection of funding models will impact the policies implemented by the administrators. When administrators exercise wisdom in selecting the appropriate funding model, it will influence the policies adopted and strategic steps taken in educational development. The method employed in this writing is a literature study (library research). The research conducted reveals that there are several models such as the Flat Grant Model, Foundation Plan Model, Guaranteed Tax Base Plan Model, Percentage Equalizing Model, Power Equalizing Plan Model, Full State Funding Model, Resource Cost Model, Choice and Voucher Plans Model, and Weight Student Plan Model, each with its distinct characteristics and impacts in allocating educational funds.
Psychology in the modern sense

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article addresses Daniel Robinson’s claim that the term, “modern psychology” is vague and imprecise. It points out that there is general agreement that the modern period of history begins no later than 1500 and that any psychology that existed after this date can be legitimately described as “modern.” It also suggests that the qualifier, “modern” is superfluous since there was no psychology prior to 1500.
Design and numerical investigations of a deep excavation for a tunnel entrance pit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the crossing of the Trave river in L&uuml;beck, Germany, a new shield tunnel is constructed to replace the existing Bridge. At its entrance the tunnel changes into an open 130 m long pit. In order to carry out the excavation of the open pit, it was necessary to remove the existing access road of the bridge and redirect the existing federal highway to a temporarily constructed road on a 12.5 m high cofferdam. This results in a total height difference of about 25 m from the top of the cofferdam to the bottom of the open excavation. In order to analyse the unpredicted deformations during the execution of the excavation, a numerical analysis of the excavation was performed. The paper presents the construction and design of the retaining structures together with the 12.5 m high cofferdam and shows a detailed description of the boundary conditions and the execution of the numerical computations. Typical result of the field measurement are graphically plotted and described in comparison with the results of the numerical computations. Finally, the measures required for the completion of the excavation without any danger of excessive deformations are discussed and presented.