jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure and Function of Insect Olfactory Proteins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insects have developed complicated olfaction systems during the long evolution progress.As the important components of insect olfaction systems,odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and olfactory receptors (ORs) mainly combine with the volatility signal molecule in the periphery and transfer the signal to the second messenger.The structure,function,expression and evolution of OBPs and ORs are important to study the relationship between insect behavior and evolution.This paper summarizes the lately research progress of OBPs and ORs,including the characteristics of structure,physiological function,gene expression,genetics and evolution.The current of OBPs and ORs research was also discussed in this paper,which may provide reference for the research of olfaction systems and finding new approaches of defending pests.
Mitochondrial Genetic Polymorphisms Do Not Predict Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy, and the majority of patients succumb to the disease within 2 years. We evaluated the role of variants of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial haplogroups in predicting prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. A total of 24 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 990 patients with pancreatic cancer. After adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons, no association between any of the mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms or haplogroups and survival was observed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(9):2512–3)
Confinement Geometry Tunes Fascin-Actin Bundle Structures and Consequently the Shape of a Lipid Bilayer Vesicle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Depending on the physical and biochemical properties of actin-binding proteins, actin networks form different types of membrane protrusions at the cell periphery. Actin crosslinkers, which facilitate the interaction of actin filaments with one another, are pivotal in determining the mechanical properties and protrusive behavior of actin networks. Short crosslinkers such as fascin bundle F-actin to form rigid spiky filopodial protrusions. By encapsulation of fascin and actin in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), we show that fascin-actin bundles cause various GUV shape changes by forming bundle networks or straight single bundles depending on GUV size and fascin concentration. We also show that the presence of a long crosslinker, α-actinin, impacts fascin-induced GUV shape changes and significantly impairs the formation of filopodia-like protrusions. Actin bundle-induced GUV shape changes are confirmed by light-induced disassembly of actin bundles leading to the reversal of GUV shape. Our study contributes to advancing the design of shape-changing minimal cells for better characterization of the interaction between lipid bilayer membranes and actin cytoskeleton.
[Surgical technique in operations for brainstem gliomas].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents an MRI-based classification of brainstem gliomas into focal, cervicomedullary, dorsal exophytic and diffuse ones. This classification provides the basis for specifying indications for surgical treatment and outcome. The article also presents the most frequent approaches to the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. These approaches include the pterional, orbito-zygomatic, subtemporal transtentorial and supracerebellar approaches to the midbrain. Suboccipital, trans fourth ventricle, subtonsillar, retrosigmoid and anterior petrosal approaches were used in the case of the pons. Suboccipital, trans fourth ventricle and transcondylar approaches were applied for the removal of tumors of medulla oblongata. This paper elaborates on rare approaches: transcondylar, paramedian-supracerebellar, subtonsillar and anterior petrosal ones effectively applied in our clinic. The resection of brain stem tumors is performed by piecemeal resection and not by removal en bloc. We stress the significance of safe entry zones to the brain stem and places at the fossa rhomboidea whose impairment may cause severe disability. Lesion of trigonum nervi hypoglossi, trigonum nervi vagi, colliculus facialis and fasciculus longitudinalis medialis leads to severe disability or death of the patient.
A critique of laser-induced incandescence for the measurement of soot

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The health and environmental risks due to airborne nanoparticles are important issues facing the citizens and governments of the industrialized countries. To assess and mitigate these risks, increasingly stringent regulations are being enacted to reduce the particulate emissions from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, which primarily consist of soot. Improvements to the understanding of the formation of soot nanoparticles and their impact on the health and the environment are required. This necessitates advances in the state of quantitative measurement of soot. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is an optical diagnostic technique for the measurement of concentration and primary particle diameter of soot with high selectivity. Limitations with conventional LII were identified and a significantly enhanced technique, autocompensating LII (AC-LII), was developed employing time- resolved two-colour pyrometry, low fluence, and an absolute intensity calibration to address these limitations. AC-LII was shown to measure the soot particle temperature and automatically compensate for variations in the measurement environment that affected the peak soot particle temperature. With low fluence, AC-LII was shown to avoid soot sublimation, which impacted the measurements of concentration and size with high fluences. AC-LII was applied to flames and to combustion-generated emissions. At low ambient temperatures it was discovered that the measured concentration varied with fluence. To mitigate this issue, it was recommended that AC-LII be performed at a moderate fluence near the sublimation threshold. In order to assess the impact of distributions of the soot primary particle diameter and of aggregate size, analysis coupling experiments with a state-of-the-art numerical model of the heat transfer was performed. The results showed that AC-LII signal evaluation should begin immediately after an initial anomalous cooling period but before distribution effects become dominant. The sensitivity of AC-LII was optimized and applied to measure atmospheric black carbon concentrations. Comparison to other instruments demonstrated that AC-LII has significant advantages for the measurement of soot, and represents a major advancementin techniques for nanoparticle characterization.
Two cases of invasive lobular carcinoma, pleomorphic variant, including a case of histiocytoid variant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

背景 : 乳腺多形型浸潤性小葉癌 (PILC) に, 組織球様変化を示した 1 例を経験したので, 定型的な PILC の 1 例との比較検討を含め報告する.症例 1 : 70 代, 女性. 左 C 領域の硬結に対して, 左単純乳房切除術を施行し, 組織球様変化を示す PILC と診断した. 捺印細胞標本では, 異型の軽度な組織球様大型細胞が孤立性あるいは疎結合性集塊として少数出現していた. E-cadherin 陰性, GCDFP-15 陽性であった.症例 2 : 50 代, 女性. 右乳房腫瘤に対して, 胸筋温存右乳房切除術を施行し, PILC と診断した. 捺印細胞標本では異型細胞が孤立性あるいは疎結合性集塊として少数出現しており, 強い核異型がみられた. E-cadherin 陰性であった.結論 : PILC は核異型が強く, 細胞診で癌と推定できるが, 組織型推定は E-cadherin の免疫染色なしでは困難である. 一方組織球様変化を伴った PILC は, 異型が乏しく, 通常染色のみでは見過ごされる可能性がある. 臨床所見から癌が疑われるときは, わずかな核異型にも着目して, cytokeratin や E-cadherin の免疫染色を施行し, 組織型を推定しうる可能性が示唆された.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING DIETARY QUALITY OF ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amaç: Tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesi bazı bireysel faktörlere göre değişebilmektedir. Bunlar yaş, cinsiyet, sosyodemografik özellikler, yaşam tarzı alışkanlıkları ve diyabet tedavisine uyumu içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesini etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmanın örneklemini, Temmuz 2017- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Endokrinolojisi Anabilim Dalı’nda takip edilen tip 1 diyabetli adolesanlar oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ‘24 saatlik fiziksel aktivite düzeyi tespit formu (kısa) ‘ile belirlenmiştir. Üç günlük besin tüketim kayıtları alınmış ve BeBis ile değerlendirilmiştir. Diyet kalitesini belirlemek için Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2010 kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma, 10-19 yaş aralığında (ortalama: 14,0±2,40 yıl) 57’si erkek (%51,8), 53’ü kadın (%48,2) olmak üzere toplam 110 tip 1 diyabetli adolesan ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm bireylerin sadece %15,5’i iyi diyet kalitesine sahipti. Diyet kalitesinin cinsiyete göre dağılımı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. (p&gt;0,05). Bireylerin egzersiz durumu, fiziksel aktivite türü ve PAL değeri değişkenlerinden oluşan doğrusal regresyon modelinde egzersiz durumu ile diyet kalitesi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (χ2 (1,n=110)=1,392, p&lt;0,05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada, katılımcıların çoğunun diyet kalitelerini iyileştirmesi gerektiği ve egzersizin tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesini etkilediği saptanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, hem diyabet yönetiminde hem de diyet kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli rolü olan egzersiz düzeylerinin artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Hierarchical clustering of male dogs from various breeds in set 2.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

<p>Dendrogram illustrating hierarchical clustering conducted on the median growth trajectory of male dogs of 73 breeds (set 2). The earlier the clade (branch) occurs, the more dissimilar the breeds are from one another. A range of different sub-clusters are highlighted but, most notably and similar to the results of the analysis on set 1 (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182064#pone.0182064.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>), the growth trajectories for three breeds in the giant-breed category (Saint Bernard, Mastiff and Great Dane) divide early from the other breeds, and cluster with the Cane Corso breed. The breeds are colour-coded according to the pre-existing size categories (as shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182064#pone.0182064.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>, [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182064#pone.0182064.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]).</p>
TAOYAKA-S III : Soft multi-legged robot for climbing unknown columnar objects : Realization of self-contained mechanism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we improved upon our previous soft multi-legged robot TAOYAKA-S II and developed a new robot (TAOYAKA-S III) that contains all the necessary functions for autonomous movement. To realize the new robot, we redesigned the soft body to reduce its weight. Further, we embedded batteries, small servo motors, and a microcomputer into the body. To demonstrate the effectiveness, we conducted experiments that required the robot to climb unknown columnar objects such as pipes, and a squire pillar; thus, effective behavior to climb columnar objects was successfully realized.
Two Approaches to Analyzing Data of Project Teams

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, we compare and discuss several statistical approaches to analyzing data obtained from team members. As an illustrative example, we analyze data obtained from 636 team members across 87 teams from 8 companies located in Poland using ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis, multiple regression with clustered standard errors, and mixed modeling. In the example, we analyze the relationship between team size and team gender composition concerning team climate. While a model building approach to hypothesis testing yields most similar results for multiple regression an a clustered standard error approach, a multilevel model yields results more similar to OLS regression when testing the significance of individual predictors, suggesting a clustered standard error correction is more prone to a type II error rate when testing model coefficients than an equivalent multilevel model. Finally, the implications of these observations to team data analyses are discussed.
S25-3 Contribution of site-dependence to regulation of population size: evidence and consequences for biological monitoring of populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Site dependence, the pre-emptive use of sites (e.g., breeding territories) that differ in suitability for survival and reproduction, is a little-studied negative feedback mechanism that can potentially regulate population size. Because its operation depends upon heterogeneity among sites, it can operate at both local and landscape scales. Field tests on a popula- tion of a parulid warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) showed that sites differed greatly in suitability and were occupied pre- emptively. More poor sites were also occupied when population size was large. Because site dependence operates across a range of spatial scales it is difficult to test. The challenges it creates for sampling include the following. First, sampling designs need to include a broad range of the heterogeneity in suitability found among sites. This requires sampling across relevant environmental gradients and terrain (e.g., elevation, moisture, etc.) that are not typically found within small study plots. Secondly, direct measures of site suitability, such as both territory-based measures of food abundance and measures of bird population density and site-specific demography, are required to distinguish site-dependence from other potential regulatory mechanisms such as crowding. Given these sampling requirements, it is not surprising that site dependence, as one of the multiple mechanisms regulating bird populations, remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, knowledge of site dependence and other regulatory mechanisms is essential for understanding avian population dynamics and for the conservation of bird populations.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associations with Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Enhancing the Thermal Tolerance and Gastric Performance of a Microbial Phytase for Use as a Phosphate-Mobilizing Monogastric-Feed Supplement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The inclusion of phytase in monogastric animal feed has the benefit of hydrolyzing indigestible plant phytate ( myo -inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate) to provide poultry and swine with dietary phosphorus. An ideal phytase supplement should have a high temperature tolerance, allowing it to survive the feed pelleting process, a high specific activity at low pHs, and adequate gastric performance. For this study, the performance of a bacterial phytase was optimized by the use of gene site saturation mutagenesis technology. Beginning with the appA gene from Escherichia coli , a library of clones incorporating all 19 possible amino acid changes and 32 possible codon variations in 431 residues of the sequence was generated and screened for mutants exhibiting improved thermal tolerance. Fourteen single site variants were discovered that retained as much as 10 times the residual activity of the wild-type enzyme after a heated incubation regimen. The addition of eight individual mutations into a single construct (Phy9X) resulted in a protein of maximal fitness, i.e., a highly active phytase with no loss of activity after heating at 62°C for 1 h and 27% of its initial activity after 10 min at 85°C, which was a significant improvement over the appA parental phytase. Phy9X also showed a 3.5-fold enhancement in gastric stability.
Validation of international predictive nomograms for non-sentinel lymph node metastases in Hong Kong breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Management of the axilla in breast cancer patients has been evolving over the past decade with progressive de-escalation in axillary surgery. In this study, we investigated the factors predicting non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastases in sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive breast cancer patients in Hong Kong and assessed international predictive scoring systems [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Tenon score] for their accuracy and applicability in our locality.
Interaction in Service Relationships: The Customer’s Point of View

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For attaining results in service provision, service providers and customers must work together. Their collaboration unfolds within the service relationship itself, face-to-face and in the here and now. At the same time, it is a form of interactive work embedded both in the organization providing the service and, importantly, in the cus- tomer's own everyday life. In this chapter, we reconceptualize service relationships from the customer's point of view and lay out arguments why firms, employees, and especially customers should do the same. Indeed, service work takes on a wholly new aspect when viewed from 'the other side of the counter,' and we hope to show why a change of perspective promotes a better understanding — and improvement — of service work.
Stochastic capture of short-period comets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of the capture of short-period comets from nearly parabolic orbits is investigated for initial orbits with a wide range of perihelia and inclinations. For comets with perihelia less than about 9 AU, the conventional picture of capture by a 'diffusive' process, involving many relatively small perturbations by Jupiter and to a lesser extent Saturn, is confirmed and found approximately to describe the results. However, long-period comets with initial perihelia beyond this distance typically suffer much weaker encounters and hence require many more revolutions before eventual capture. Paradoxically, this process is better thought of in terms of the classical 'stochastic' capture mechanism decribed by Newton and Russell at the turn of this century. This is because the total energy change is now dominated by the few most extreme events which occur during close encounters with the major planets. These results have important implications for understanding (i) the mean capture probability as a function of perihelion distance and inclination, and the rate of capture of a given comet (e.g. the number of orbits required before capture), (ii) the predicted number of short-period comets arising from a comet shower or from the quasi-steady near-parabolic cometary flux and (iii) the short-period comet constraint on the inner core of the conventional Oort cloud.
The development and evaluation of a training programme for nurses working with persons with communication disorders in a complex continuing care facility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Positive interactions between caregivers and residents in long-term care institutions have been documented to improve residents' quality of life, their psychological and social well-being as well as their life expectancy. Residents with language disorders pose a unique challenge due to their difficulties understanding conversation, speaking, reading, and writing. The success and efficiency of such residents' communication can be improved by enhancing partners' abilities to communicate with them. Individualised communication plans, education and training, and staff support have been documented to be important components in this type of intervention. Aims: This paper reports on the development and evaluation of a communication training programme for nurses working with persons with language impairments in a complex continuing care facility. The specific aims of this study were (a) to explore changes in staff knowledge about language impairment, (b) to determine their perception of the training workshop, and (c) to explore staff's perceptions of the Communication Plans' usefulness in practice. Methods & Procedures: Eighteen nursing staff and nine residents with communication impairments participated in this study with a descriptive design. The intervention consisted of three components: developing Communication Plans, holding a 1-day workshop, and offering support while implementing the plans into practice. Outcomes & Results: There was a statistically significant increase in staff's knowledge of language disorders after training. Staff perceived the Communication Plans to be very useful in their interactions with residents. Conclusions: Individualised Communication Plans, a 1-day workshop, and the follow-up and support of a speech-language pathologist can have a beneficial effect on staff outcomes. Nursing staff demonstrated an enhancement in their knowledge and perceived skills in caring for residents with communication impairments. Results have implications for the speech-language pathologist's role with residents with communication impairments in complex continuing care.
3D Human Mesh Recovery with Learned Gradient

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

3D human body reconstruction is a research hotspot in computer vision. In this article, we propose a method for 3D human mesh recovery with learned gradient. We use gradient descent networks to predict model parameter updates. Previous studies have focused on 3D pose estimation, often ignoring the importance of body shape reconstruction. In order to improve the accuracy of human body model shape estimation, we introduce silhouette information that can represent human body shape, using silhouette and 2D joints as inputs to the neural network. In addition, throughout the entire training process, we only need the SMPL parameterized human pose dataset, without any image to 3D correspondence. The network learns effective pose and shape subspaces from this data, and performs optimization more effectively in that subspace. It has been proven that our method can achieve advanced performance on public datasets. Even on challenging datasets in the wild, competitive results can be obtained.