jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural differences between Korean and American apparel web sites

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether cultural differences could explain differences between Korean and American apparel web sites. Design/methodology/approach The contents of American and Korean apparel web sites are compared. The chi‐square test of independence is used to determine significant differences between the contents of the two countries apparel web sites. Findings The paper finds that American web sites provide specific information related to products and online purchase of products, while Korean web sites provide information related to consumers' relationships to the larger community. This difference could be due to cultural differences: the Korean culture tends to reflect collectivism while the American culture tends to reflect individualism. Research limitations/implications The fundamental limitation of this research is that it is descriptive. Practical implications This research suggests that transcultural web sites may not be appropriate and that e‐tailers need to be sensitive to cultural differences. Originality/value The primary contribution of this paper is the identification of clear differences between Korean and American apparel web sites and that Hofstede's collectivism/individualism cultural value is a possible explanation of the difference between the two countries.
The Perceived Internalized Sexual Stigma Measure (PrISSM): A New Sexual Stigma Measure for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Society has long held negative beliefs and attitudes, in the form of sexual stigma, towards sexual minorities (e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual; LGB). Sexual stigma can be adopted and internalized by LGB individuals as their own beliefs and attitudes. In LGB individuals, internalized sexual stigma can result in psychological distress such as low self-esteem, depression, shame, and feelings of rejection. However, an instrument to assess internalized sexual stigma specifically developed for LGB individuals is lacking. The present study focuses on the development of a new instrument, the Perceived Internalized Sexual Stigma Measure (PrISSM), that is inclusive of LGB individuals who are 18 years and older. Exploratory and Bayesian confirmatory factor analyses indicate that internalized sexual stigma, as measured by the PrISSM, consists of two factors: internal conflict and disclosure conflict. The two-factor structure is also invariant to LGB individuals. As such, items of the PrISSM do not need to be separately reworded for lesbian, gay, or bisexual individuals. In addition, the PrISSM is a brief instrument composed of 4 items per factor (8 items total). Convergent and discriminant validity evidence is also provided.
MEMBRANES AND L YOTROPIC PHASES ON SOME PROBLEMS IN THE THEORY OF ELASTIC AND FLEXOELECTRlC EFFECTS IN BILAYER LIPID MEMBRANES AND BIOMEMBRANES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rksume.- Les auteurs ont Ctudie l&apos;influence de l&apos;asymetrie moleculaire sur les proprietb elas-tiques et flexoelectriques des membranes bi-couches. D&apos;abord on introduit la d6linition de l&apos;asymetrie lipide. Ensuite on propose une expression pour I&apos;energie Clastique d&apos;une monocouche de molkules asymetriques lipides. D&apos;aprbs cette expression on etudie l&apos;elasticite d&apos;une membrane bi-couche lipide. On obtient des formules pour la courbe equilibree de la membrane pour des asymetries iden-tiques et differentes des deux monocouches. On Btudie aussi la distribution des lipides entre les deux monocouches d&apos;une mem%rane deform &amp; et des expressions pour la polarisation indue par deformation. A la fin on determine le coefficient flexoklectrique de la membrane 16cithine-cholesterol. Abstract.- The influence of the molecular asymmetry on the elastic and flexoelectric properties of bilayer lipid membranes is studied. At first a definition of the lipid asymmetry is introduced. Then an expression for the elastic energy of a monolayer of asymmetrical molecules is proposed and the curvature elasticity of bilayer lipid membrane is studied on such a basis. Formulas for the equilibrium curvature of a membrane are obtained at equal and different asymmetries of the two monolayers. After that the lipid distribution between two monolayers of a deformed membrane is studied and expressions for curvature-induced polarization are obtained. Finally the flexoelectric coefficient of a lecithin-cholesterol membrane is determined. 1. Introduction.- The
Inequality and cumulative advantage in science careers: a case study of high-impact journals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Analyzing a large data set of publications drawn from the most competitive journals in the natural and social sciences we show that research careers exhibit the broad distributions of individual achievement characteristic of systems in which cumulative advantage plays a key role. While most researchers are personally aware of the competition implicit in the publication process, little is known about the levels of inequality at the level of individual researchers. We analyzed both productivity and impact measures for a large set of researchers publishing in high-impact journals. For each researcher cohort we calculated Gini inequality coefficients, with average Gini values around 0.48 for total publications and 0.73 for total citations. For perspective, these observed values are well in excess of the inequality levels observed for personal income in developing countries. Investigating possible sources of this inequality, we identify two potential mechanisms that act at the level of the individual that may play defining roles in the emergence of the broad productivity and impact distributions found in science. First, we show that the average time interval between a researcher's successive publications in top journals decreases with each subsequent publication. Second, after controlling for the time dependent features of citation distributions, we compare the citation impact of subsequent publications within a researcher's publication record. We find that as researchers continue to publish in top journals, there is more likely to be a decreasing trend in the relative citation impact with each subsequent publication. This pattern highlights the difficulty of repeatedly publishing high-impact research and the intriguing possibility that confirmation bias plays a role in the evaluation of scientific careers.
Development and evaluation of a training programme on asset-based community development aimed at general practice trainees: protocol for a mixed-method multilevel and multicentric action research study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Asset-based community development (ABCD) is a strategy aimed at strengthening communities of interest through the identification and enhancement of those protective resources (also called ‘health assets’) that contribute to improve population health. Although primary care is specially well placed to contribute to ABCD by facilitating patients’ access to community health assets, the implementation of ABCD approaches is limited, in part due to training deficiencies amongst general practitioners. In this study, we will develop a training programme on ABCD aimed at general practice trainees and evaluate its implementation and scale-up in Andalusia, Spain. We will also investigate whether the programme may contribute to strengthen the community orientation of the primary care practices involved in the study. Methods and analysis We will undertake a mixed methods, multilevel and multicentric action research study drawing on theoretical frameworks relevant to learning (pedagogy) and community health promotion. The intervention will be implemented and evaluated in eight different study areas over 48 months. It will comprise a classroom-based session and a practical exercise, which will involve general practice trainees producing a map of community health assets relevant to common health conditions. In each study area, we will set up a stakeholder group to guide our study. We will run the intervention sequentially across the eight study areas, and modify and refine it iteratively by incorporating the findings from the evaluation. We will employ qualitative (interviews and focus groups with general practice trainees, primary care workers, members of the teaching units and policymakers) and quantitative methods (self-administered questionnaires with an approximate sample of 157 general practice trainees and 502 primary care workers). Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval from the Andalusian Regional Health Council has been granted (6/2020). It is envisaged that this research will provide relevant, evidence-based guidance on how best to incorporate learning on ABCD into the general practice training curriculum. Findings will be disseminated in an ongoing manner and will target the following audiences: (1) general practice trainees, primary care workers and members of the teaching units, (2) policymakers and strategic decision makers and (3) the academic community.
Assessment of Phytochemical Investigation and in vitro Anti Inflammatory Activity of Methanolic Extract of Parmelia Perlata Lichen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Parmelia Perlata is important medicinal lichen which has been used for centuries in ayurvedic medicine. The present work concerned with the phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of lichen Parmelia perlata (Family: Parmeliaceae) which discovered the presence of various biochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids and saponins etc. Methodologies: Our present work plans at estimating the phytochemical constitutes and in vitro anti inflammatory activity of Parmelia Perlata using membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity and anti-lipooxygenase activity at different concentrations (100-800 µg/ml). Standard drugs like Diclofenac sodium and Indomethacin were used. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory action was observed in dose dependent manner. The maximum concentration (800µg/ml) of methanolic extract of Parmelia perlata inhibit the heat induced haemolysis (51.32%) and hypo tonicity induced haemolysis (79.87%). The extract also provides information about heat induced protein denaturation (83.14%) and give proteinase inhibitory action (72.87%). The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of lipooxygenase shows 65.37% inhibition. The present study, therefore, recommends the ethnomedicinal use of Parmelia Perlata in the management of inflammation.
A norwegian in Durham: An anatomy of a miracle in Reginald of Durham’s libellus de Admirandis Beati Cuthberti

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides a context for a Norwegian miracle by introducing the features of Reginald's Libellus , analysing the construction of the text, and the themes, locations, and preoccupations of this complex, rich and diverse late-twelfth-century miracle collection. The Libellus was written by Reginald, a monk of Durham, over the course of the 1160s and 1170s, a time of prosperity for Cuthbert's church and cult. Here, the Norwegian miracle is instructive, and indicative of two significant themes of the Libellus: first, it reflects the popularity of Cuthbert's cult far from Durham and second, in the list of northern shrines visited before finally arriving with Cuthbert, it shows the geographical milieu in which Cuthbert's cult existed. Reginald's collection of Cuthbert miracles is a rich hagiographic source, providing a diverse range of miracles, and yielding tantalising evidence regarding the production of miracle collections. Keywords: Cuthbert's cult; Durham; Norwegian miracle; Reginald's Libellus
Optimizing and characterizing a home-built Raman spectroscopy optical system using polystyrene microspheres

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the recent decade, Raman spectroscopy has played a key role in photonics as a powerful method suited for detection, diagnosis and screening applications across various industrial fields. In this work, we propose a home built Raman Spectroscopy optical system optimized for polymer detection and characterization. Once fully calibrated, the intended use for the system is to analyse various macromolecules especially biomolecules in assessment of cell based diseases. This system makes use of a 527 nm excitation laser beam of 5 μs pulse duration AT 1 kHz repetition rate and an average power of 10 mW. An Andor CCD camera attached to a grated spectrometer was used for Raman spectrum acquisition and data processing was performed using the Origin software. Polystyrene microspheres (20 μm) were diluted to various concentrations and analysed using the Raman system. The results obtained reveal that all the spectra excluding the control contained Raman peaks consistent with the documented molecular vibrations of polystyrene. Furthermore, the peak intensities and peak areas showed a direct relationship with the polymer concentration in solution. Future work will include testing polymer spheres of different sizes in order to assess the spectral differentiation capabilities of the system. Much of this work will lead to the design of Raman Spectroscopy system to be used as a diagnostic tool for point-of-care detection research.
P53 is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and progression after nephrectomy for patients with localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for surveillance and adjuvant clinical trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4546 Background: We attempted to determine which clinical and molecular variables can best predict cancer recurrence following nephrectomy for localized Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) Methods: From a custom kidney cancer tissue microarray containing tumor specimens from 366 patients, 193 patients who underwent nephrectomy for localized RCC at UCLA between 1989 and 2000 were identified. The array was then analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CAIX, CAXII, Ki67, Gelsolin, p53, EpCAM, pTEN, and Vimentin . The medical records of these patients were then reviewed for clinical data including age, sex, TNM stage, tumor size, nuclear grade, ECOG performance status(ps), recurrence status(both local and metastatic) and, when applicable, time to recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine independent clinical and molecular predictors of tumor recurrences. Optimal cutoff values for significant molecular markers were evaluated. Results: Fifteen percent of the patients recurred following nephrectomy. Univariate analysis demonstrated tumor size, T stage, grade, ECOG ps, Ki67, EpCAM, and p53 to have an impact on recurrence(p<0.05). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the only independent predictors were T stage(p=0.018),ECOG(p=0.004), and p53(p=0.003). An optimal cutoff value for p53 mean staining was determined to be 20% of cells. Patients with localized tumors demonstrating mean p53 staining values above and below this cutoff demonstrated recurrence rates of 35.7% and 13.4%, respectively(p=0.018, RR= 3.28). Conclusions: P53 is the only independent molecular predictor of tumor recurrence for patients undergoing treatment for localized RCC, successfully identifying a subset of patients with a significantly higher probability of recurrence that could derive the greatest benefit from more stringent post surgical surveillance and from adjuvant clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Thermal and Pyrolysis Kinetics Analysis of Glass Wool and XPS Insulation Materials Used in High-Rise Buildings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the kinetics data of glass wool (GW) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation materials used in cladding systems using a systematic framework. The determination of appropriate kinetic properties, such as pre-exponential factors, activation energy and reaction orders, is crucial for accurately modelling the full-scale fire performance of insulation materials. The primary objective of this research is to extract thermal and kinetics data of XPS and GW insulation materials employed in high-rise buildings. To obtain these properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is conducted at four different heating rates: 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. The TGA results serve as the basis for determining the kinetic properties using a combination of model-free and model-based methods. The outcomes of this study are expected to be highly beneficial in defining the pyrolysis reaction steps and extracting kinetics data for fire modelling of such insulation materials. This information will enhance the understanding of the fire behaviour and performance of these materials during fire incidents, aiding in developing more accurate fire models and improving fire safety strategies for cladding systems in high-rise buildings.
Self-Sensing, Ultralight, and Conductive 3D Graphene/Iron Oxide Aerogel Elastomer Deformable in a Magnetic Field

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogels (GA) show promise for applications in supercapacitors, electrode materials, gas sensors, and oil absorption due to their high porosity, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity. However, the control, actuation, and response properties of graphene aerogels have not been well studied. In this paper, we synthesized 3D graphene aerogels decorated with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GA) by self-assembly of graphene with simultaneous decoration by Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles using a modified hydrothermal reduction process. The aerogels exhibit up to 52% reversible magnetic field-induced strain and strain-dependent electrical resistance that can be used to monitor the degree of compression/stretching of the material. The density of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GA is only about 5.8 mg cm<sup>–3</sup>, making it an ultralight magnetic elastomer with potential applications in self-sensing soft actuators, microsensors, microswitches, and environmental remediation.
Time-Inconsistency and Saving: Experimental Evidence from Low-Income Tax Filers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We conduct a field experiment designed to test theories of time-inconsistency, namely a "Beta-Delta" model of present bias.The experiment takes place in the context of a saving decision made by low-income tax filers who can deposit their income tax refund into an illiquid account.We find qualitative evidence consistent with present-biased preferences.The tradeoff between an earlier payment or a later one is much more skewed toward taking the early payment when the decision is made on the spot than when the decision is made in advance.We estimate a and of 0.34 and 1.08 over an 8-month horizon, respectively, which translates into an annual discount rate of 164%.
Ficus septica Burm. F. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Induces Apoptosis in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Nthracene-Induced Rat Liver Cancer Quatitavely

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The chemopreventive effect of Ficus septica Burm. f. leaves ethanolic extract (FLEE) was studied in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene(DMBA)-induced rat liver cancer. Rats were divided into 5 group, 5 rats (5 wk of age Sprague Dawley rat) in each group. Group 1 was control diet group, administered with 0,5% CMC-Na as vehicle. FLEE was administered 750 mg/kgBW and 1500 mg/kgBW starting 4 wk until 5 wk after DMBA administration at the first until fifth wk to group 2 and group 3. Group 4 was control extract group, administered with 750 mg/kgBW and group 5 was DMBA group. DMBA is a carcinogen to induce liver cancer was also administered in DMBA control group and all animals were necropsied at 6 wk after DMBA administration. Activity of inducing apoptosis was detected using Double Staining method in 750 mg/kgBW FLEE group compared to control group but no in 1500 mg/kgBW FLEE group resulted in 100% dead. Apoptotic cells would have orange flourescence but normal cells would have green flourescence detected by flourescence microscope. To investigate the protein that involved in apoptotic mechanism, we studied p53 expression using Imunohistochemistry (IHC). There was no difference expression of p53 in both tested and control groups. Based on the results, FLEE has a potency as chemoprentive agent because its activity on inducing apoptosis in liver cancer with p53-independent pathway. The mechanism of apoptosis induction of this extract needs to be explored by observing the expression of related proteins.Keywords: apoptosis, Ficus septica, liver cancer, p53 independent pathway
Genomic Landscape of Mutational Biases in the Pacific OysterCrassostrea gigas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mutation is a driving force of evolution that has been shaped by natural selection and is universally biased. Previous studies determined genome-wide mutational patterns for several species and investigated the heterogeneity of mutational patterns at fine-scale levels. However, little evidence of the heterogeneity of mutation rates over large genomic regions was shown. Hence, the mutational patterns of different large-scale genomic regions and their association with selective pressures still need to be explored. As the second most species-rich animal phylum, little is known about the mutational patterns in Mollusca, especially oysters. In this study, the mutational bias patterns are characterized by using whole-genome resequencing data in the Crassostrea gigas genome. I studied the genome-wide relative rates of the pair mutations and found that the predominant mutation is GC -&gt; AT, irrespective of the genomic regions. This analysis reveals that mutational biases were associated with gene expression levels across the C. gigas genome. Genes with higher expression levels and breadth expression patterns, longer coding length, and more exon numbers had relatively higher GC -&gt; AT rates. I also found that genes with larger dN/dS values had relatively higher GC -&gt; AT rates. This work represents the first comprehensive research on the mutational biases in Mollusca species. Here, I comprehensively investigated the relationships between mutational biases with some intrinsic genetic factors and evolutionary indicators and proposed that selective pressures are important forces shaping the mutational biases across the C. gigas genome.
Le Qigong et la Tradition Sectaire Chinoise

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the 1980s and 1990s, Qigong or “breathing arts” became the most wide-spread form of popular religiosity in Chinese cities. Thousands of charismatic Qigong masters appeared, promoting Qigong methods through transmission networks covering the whole country. Falungong became the biggest Qigong group by the mid-1990s. The article examines the hypothesis of links between Qigong and a galaxy of groups which were widespread in pre-Communist China, often called “sectarian” in the academic literature and also known as “White Lotus” sects. By comparing the ideology, the practices and the structure of these groups, it is possible to conclude that Qigong is a modern expression of the Chinese tradition of popular sectarianism.
Novel Bisurea Host Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

New host molecules, 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino-urea)diphenylmethane (1) and its derivatives (2 and 3), are reported. These hosts are shown to give inclusion complex crystals with a wide variety of organic guest molecules with high selectivity. The crystal structure of 1:2 inclusion complex of 1 with THF has been determined from X-ray crystal structure analysis. The cyclic N–H...O intermolecular hydrogen bonds between host molecules were found to form columns for accommodation of the guest molecules.