jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Hepatitis Presenting as GI Bleed - A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory disorder that is characterized by increased serum IgG level, circulating autoantibodies, and chronic destruction of the architecture of the liver. AIH is a rare entity in the pediatric population and has wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic presentation to an acute liver disease. We present a case of AIH type 1 in a young girl who presented with GI bleed. Case: A 13-year-old African American female with no significant past medical history admitted to pediatric ward with one-week history of melena and RUQ abdominal pain. Physical examination showed scleral icterus and mild RUQ abdominal tenderness. Laboratory investigations showed anemia (Hb 8.3 gm/dl) and deranged liver function tests (AST 450 U/L, ALT 194 U/L, ALP 243 U/L, total bilirubin 4.3 mg/dl, PT 20.2 sec, INR 1.85 and PTT 42 sec). Liver ultrasound with Doppler was unremarkable. CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast showed splenomegaly with mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Further testing for infectious etiologies including hepatitis panel, HIV, syphilis, TB, Histoplasma, Coxsackie virus, EBV, HSV, and CMV were all negative. EGD and colonoscopy showed mild gastritis (antrum) and some ulceration in the rectosigmoid colon. Serum IgG was elevated (4990 mg/dl). Only serum anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) was positive (>1:80), where as serum antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-Liver kidney microsomal antibody, and anti-mitochondrial antibodies were all negative. Liver biopsy revealed chronic hepatitis grade 3-4, stage 2. Patient was diagnosed with ANA negative type 1 AIH based on American Association for the study of liver diseases (AASLD) AIH guidelines and International autoimmune hepatitis group (IAHG) scoring system. The patient responded well to oral prednisone 60 mg/day and was discharged home on weaning dose of steroids. Discussion: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated necroinflammatory condition of the liver. AIH is more common in women than men. Diagnosis is based on combination of biochemical, autoimmune, and histological parameters. AIH is categorized into type 1 and 2 based on their auto antibody profiles. Immunosuppression with corticosteroids is the main stay of treatment. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are other drugs used for AIH treatment. The presentation of our patient was consistent with AIH and responded well to oral steroids. AIH presenting as a GI bleed is consistent with the coagulopathy that comes from hepatic dysfunction although this particular presentation is rare. Pediatricians need to consider AIH in their differential diagnosis when a patient presents with GI bleeding with elevated liver enzymes.
Evidence that energization of the chloroplast ATP synthase favors ATP formation at the tight binding catalytic site and increases the affinity for ADP at another catalytic site.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous results have not established whether the attainment of a rapid photophosphorylation rate as ADP concentration is increased in the micromolar range (apparent Km = approximately 30 microM) results from the filling of a second or a third catalytic site. Measurements reported here show that the ATP synthase of chloroplast thylakoids, with 2-4 microM medium ADP present during steady-state photophosphorylation, has one catalytic site filled with tightly bound nucleotides, but other catalytic sites are largely empty. Thus, the rapid increase in the photophosphorylation rate with higher ADP concentrations results from the filling of a second catalytic site. Even with 30 microM added ADP in the dark, the binding of more than one ADP per synthase was not detectable. The sensitivity of the assay was such that the Kd for binding of ADP at a second catalytic site of the de-energized synthase is > 150 microM, considerably above the apparent Km for rapid photophosphorylation. This result can be explained by an increase in the affinity of a second catalytic site for ADP upon energization. Other experiments assessed the effect of ADP binding at a second catalytic site on the equilibrium between bound ATP and ADP and P(i) at the tight catalytic site. When the rate of photophosphorylation is limited by a low ADP concentration, about equal amounts of ATP and ADP are bound at one catalytic site on the synthase. In contrast, when the rate is limited by a low P(i) concentration with 100 microM ADP present, the equilibrium of bound reactants is shifted so that close to one ATP per synthase is present. This is as expected if the binding of ADP at a second catalytic site allows the protonmotive force to promote ATP formation from ADP and P(i) at a tight binding catalytic site. A scheme for the binding change mechanism incorporating these results is presented.
Collaborative and Content-Based Filtering Hybrid Method on Tourism Recommender System to Promote Less Explored Areas

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various areas of life, including tourism. Currently, the tourism sector is starting to recover and start its activities. However, several tourist attractions have not been explored, thus making visitors less aware of information about these tours. This affects the number of tourist visits. Therefore, there is a need of an information technology approach to promote tourism objects, including a tourist recommendation system. This study proposed a hybrid recommendation system incorporating collaborative and content based filtering. This model is proven to be able to produce good rating predictions on a recommendation system. This hybrid method uses a linear combination by calculating the rating matrix and user profile as the first step in providing rating predictions. Collaborative filtering is calculated using the cosine similarity algorithm and weighted sum algorithm, while the content-based filtering method is performed by calculating the weight of each available feature. We apply this model to the Palembang tourism dataset to the the website. This system recommends existing historical tourist attractions based on visitor criteria. The results show the existing data's effective, efficient, and accurate results. The calculation result that the rating prediction using the hybrid method is 3.203. In addition, this method can also help overcome existing cold start problems.
[Sensivity of Mycobacterium kansaii and Mycobacterium marinum to different antituberculous drugs (author's transl)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mycobacteriosis includes clinical manifestations caused by especies of the genus Mycobacterium other than M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Therapy for these conditions has not been clearly sistematized as it has for tuberculosis, particularly because of the natural resistance that the etiologic agents present to a large number of antituberculous drugs. The sensitivity of M. kansasii and M. marinum to eleven tuberculostatic agents was studied in order to determine which one were best suited for treatment of cases caused by these species. The drugs showing the strongest action against M. kansasii were rifampin, cycloserine, streptomycin, and prothionamide. M. marinum was even more sensitive except to isoniazid, which is ineffective. As a general rule, especially if the sensitivity of the isolated strain is unknown drugs with little or no action on M. kansasii and M. marinum should not be used. Particularly the use of isoniazid and PAS should be avoided.
Modeling and simulating communications of Multiagent Systems in Smart Grid

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiagent Systems (MAS) are used extensively in Smart Grid research as a means of developing distributed control systems comprised of a network of communicating units. Many previous works have made implicit or explicit assumptions that lead to simplified modeling and simulation of the underlying communication systems. While these assumptions are valid under some cases, they may not hold true when system size and complexity scale up exponentially, which can be anticipated given the rapid development of smart grid technologies. In this paper, we present a more comprehensive modeling and simulation approach that accounts for the MAS related protocols as described in the FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) specification; together with a co-simulation platform for the investigation of multi-disciplinary interdependencies between MAS, communication, and electrical systems. To show the benefits of comprehensive modeling and simulation, we demonstrate how different network configurations affect system performance in a Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) scenario.
Single-Cell Genomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Single-cell genomics is an approach to investigate cell heterogeneity and to identify new molecular features correlated with clinical outcomes. This approach allows identification of the complexity of cell diversity in a sample without the loss of information that occurs when multicellular or bulk tissue samples are analyzed. CONTENT The first single-cell RNA-sequencing study was published in 2009, and since then many more studies and single-cell sequencing methods have been published. These studies have had a major impact on several fields, including microbiology, neurobiology, cancer, and developmental biology. Recently, improvements in reliability and the development of commercial single-cell isolation platforms are opening the potential of this technology to the clinical laboratory. SUMMARY In this review we provide an overview of the current state of single-cell genomics. We describe opportunities in clinical research and medical applications.
Use of finite element analysis to assess bone strength

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Assessment of areal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. However, clinical observations have highlighted the limitations of DXA with respect to both sensitivity and specificity in fracture risk predictions. From a biomechanics viewpoint, an approach that accurately represents the three-dimensional geometry and heterogeneous distribution of material properties of bone may provide improved estimates of bone strength. In this regard, there is increasing interest in the use of finite element analysis (FEA) to assess bone biomechanical behavior. In this Perspective, we describe the finite element method and review its application in bone research. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the approach, evaluate its potential for clinical assessment of fracture risk, and suggest areas of future research. Rather than provide a comprehensive review on this topic, we highlight current trends in the field and important areas of future inquiry.
CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC, HEMORRHAGIC STROKE AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objectivesCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small and round perivascular hemosiderin depositions detected on T2*-weighted gradient echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral microbleeds are common among patients with hypertension, cerebral ischemia. In this article, we compared the CMBs between ischemic cerebral stroke, hemorrhagic cerebral stroke and traumatic hemorrhage.MethodWe analyzed T2*-weighted magnetic resonance images for the number, location, and topography of CMBs, as well as patients' demographic and clinical information of cerebral ischemic patients, intracerebral hemorrhage patients and traumatic hemorrhage in each 100 patients in a two-year period, retrospectively. ResultsA total of 300 patients with available brain MRI and clinical data were included. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we related CMBs presence to three different kinds of cerebral injuries. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, medications, and other medical histories, There was significant different numbers of CMBs between 3 groups. There was significant more CMBs in hemorrhagic stroke group than ischemic or traumatic group. It is also related to the hypertension without medication. It is not related to the medication such as antiplatelet agent or antithrombotic agent.ConclusionsOur findings support a role for hypertensive vasculopathy in risk of hemorrhagic stroke and suggest that CMBs presence can identify individuals at risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. CMBs is a reliable risk factor for the hemorrhagic stroke patients with hypertension. Nearly two third of these patients had at least one CMB. Total CMBs burden was associated with uncontrolled hypertension periods without medication. Antiplatelet or antithrombotic treatment was not associated with increasing the number of CMBs in ischemic stroke patients.Further research is needed to provide effectual therapeutic proposals for CMBs, which differ from the small vessel disease.
Superfoods: Recent Data on their Role in the Prevention of Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

By the term functional food we mean food, processed or not, which on the basis of scientific studies can contribute to the achievement of specific operational objectives within the human body and play an important role in the direction of prevention degenerative diseases and health promotion. The possible beneficial properties of functional foods are due to their content in bioactive ingredients, with specific biological properties and effects within the human body. Some examples of processed functional foods are calcium - enriched milk, enriched juices with ω-3 fatty acids, yoghurt with probiotic organisms and phytosterol-enriched margarines. At the same time, constantly new scientific findings confirm the potential beneficial properties of different conventional food, such as tea, blueberries, pomegranate,berries, hippophaes and many others, which are known by the term "superfoods". Recently, the appearance of a multitude of chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and cancer, has led to ways of defending human health through the adoption of appropriate dietary patterns. Hence, functional foods, provided that they fit inside hygiene and balanced nutrition, are suggested as a potential solution tore inforcing the prevention strategy, avoiding the need for therapy, with the aim of promoting the health of the population. This is the reason why there is an ever-increasing trend particularly in Europe and USA. Also, improved accessibility knowledge and information from consumers, promotes an increased search for information about their beneficial properties.
Impact of Temporary Store Closures on Online Sales: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Problem definition: This paper examines the impact of retail store closures on omnichannel sales and consumer shopping behavior in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To explain the likelihood of store closure, we develop a novel instrumental variable motivated by varying geopolitical responses across the United States to the pandemic. Methodology/results: Using data from a luxury fashion retailer, we find that when a store is closed, the volume of online orders originating from its location increases by 24%. Furthermore, when the retailer closes 10% of its stores, the omnichannel total sales (offline + online) decrease by 5.5%. Notably, our findings indicate that the online channel enables the retailer to recover 11% of offline sales that would have otherwise been lost because of store closures. We also show that compared with existing e-shoppers, new e-shoppers are more likely to order popular product models in an effort to mitigate the heightened mismatch risk associated with online transactions. For new e-shoppers, the likelihood of ordering a popular model stands at 70%, whereas it is 45% for existing online consumers. Additionally, the conservative behavior of favoring popular models reduces the likelihood of returns by new e-shoppers. Managerial implications: Even for luxury apparel, which is often associated with in-store purchases requiring “touch and feel” and customer tryout, the option to purchase online proves immensely valuable. The tendency of new e-shoppers to limit product mismatch risk by choosing popular products may create an opportunity for retailers to strategically target these inexperienced online customers with advertisements, product promotions, or virtual fitting rooms, all geared toward reducing online shopping risk of product mismatch. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0527 .
Accurate Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells via a Heterovalent DNA Framework Recognition Element-Functionalized Microfluidic Chip

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has provided a noninvasive and efficient approach for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. However, efficient capture of CTCs in the clinical environment is very challenging because of the extremely rare and heterogeneous expression of CTCs. Herein, we fabricated a multimarker microfluidic chip for the enrichment of heterogeneous CTCs from peripheral blood samples of breast cancer patients. The multimarker aptamer cocktail DNA nanostructures (TP-multimarker) were modified on a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD)-patterned microfluidic chip to enhance the capture efficiency through the size selection effect of DLD arrays and the synergistic effect of multivalent aptamers. As compared to a monovalent aptamer-modified chip, the multimarker chip exhibits enhanced capture efficiency toward both high and low epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression cell lines, and the DNA nanostructure-functionalized chip enables the accurate capture of different phenotypes of CTCs. In addition, the DNA nanoscaffold makes nucleases more accessible to the aptamers to release cells with molecular integrity and outstanding cell viability.
Implementation of active conservation for butterflies in the faunistic nature reserves of the Białowieża Forest in 1995–2023

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The article deals with the problem of the active conservation of butterflies in the faunistic nature reserves of Białowieża Forest. Białowieża Forest is an extremely valuable and diverse area in which two approaches to nature conservation are used. The first one is passive conservation, a conservative approach whose purpose is to protect natural processes by reducing human intervention. The other one is active conservation, which aims to take steps to protect nature, including by maintaining areas in certain successional stages. Faunistic nature reserves in the Białowieża Forest fit perfectly into this type of consideration. These include four nature reserves: Berezowo, Olszanka Myśliszcze, Przewłoka and Podcerkwa. The aim of their conservation was to preserve the places of occurrence of rare species of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) for scientific and educational reasons. Butterflies are important flagship taxa for invertebrate conservation. Conservation tasks for nature reserves (Berezowo, Olszanka Myśliszcze, Przewłoka and Podcerkwa) were issued twice, in 2002 and 2003. Currently, there are conservation plans in force for faunistic nature reserves. A total of seven agreements were concluded between the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection in Białystok and the Białowieża and Hajnówka forest districts. Through the analysis of documentation from 1995 to 2023, the implementation of active protection in these unusual and valuable areas is presented. The analysis was presented both in terms of material and financial aspects. As a result of the agreements, 13 conservation measures were carried out in four nature reserves for a total gross amount of PLN 38.9 thousand. Despite the undeniable needs of active protection in the faunistic nature reserves of the Białowieża Forest, appropriate methods and permanent sources of funding have still not been developed that would enable the protection of these extremely valuable and unique objects. Therefore, the functioning of faunistic nature reserves in the Białowieża Forest in their current form does not bode well for achieving the conservation goal for which they were created.
The Effect of Posttraumatic Stress and Trauma-Focused Disclosure on Experimental Pain Sensitivity Among Trauma-Exposed Women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous studies evaluating the impact of trauma history and PTSD on pain sensitivity yield inconsistent findings; the presence of trauma-related negative affective states may account for these discrepancies. Therefore, the proposed study aimed to evaluate the effect of trauma-related negative affect and PTSD symptoms on sensory and affective components of pain sensitivity among trauma-exposed women. Adult women (N = 87) with low and high PTSD symptoms underwent an emotional disclosure paradigm, during which they wrote about a traumatic event or a neutral topic. Participants then completed a pain induction procedure. Compared to women with low PTSD symptoms, women with high PTSD symptoms demonstrated increased time to pain detection (e.g., threshold) and ability to withstand pain (e.g., tolerance), as well as increased pain intensity and when accounting for relevant covariates. Women with high PTSD symptoms who wrote about their worst traumatic experience reported higher pain unpleasantness relative to women with high PTSD symptoms who wrote about the neutral topic and women with low PTSD symptoms who wrote about either topic. Results suggest that PTSD symptoms and trauma-related negative affect may facilitate alterations in pain sensitivity in trauma-exposed women, but this relationship is complex and requires further exploration.
Pressure Wave Propagation with Bubble Collapse in a Venturi Tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We focused on a venturi tube for the purpose of generating highly efficient and simple micro bubbles, and we conducted experimental research. Measurement of visualization and measurement of pressure wave were performed on the refinement behavior of bubbles flowing in the venturi tube. The experiment was conducted under the condition that the gas phase flow rate ratio was changed as a parameter under the condition of transition to supersonic flow at the throat. From the visualization observation, it was found that the collapse position shifts to the downstream as the gas phase flow ratio increases. In the bubble collapse, there was a liquid jet, which had an aspect ratio sharply rising in the latter half of shrinkage and bubbles which disintegrated without changing the aspect ratio without generating a jet. In addition, in the state of maximum shrinkage, it was confirmed that the surface was miniaturized after numerous irregularities were formed on the surface. As the gas phase flow rate ratio increases, the bubble collapse position transitions to the downstream and eventually does not shrink. It was confirmed that the pressure wave propagated downstream of the bubble collapse position. It was found that there is a correlation between the position where the bubble contracts and the position where the pressure wave occurs.