jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hamburger Sternwarte plate archives: Historic long‐term variability study of active galaxies based on digitized photographic plates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Background At the Hamburger Sternwarte, an effort was started in 2010 with the aim of digitizing its more than 45,000 photographic plates and films stored in its plate archives. At the time of writing, more than 31,000 plates have already been made available on the Internet for researchers, historians, and the interested public. Materials and Methods The digitization process and the Internet presentation of the plates and accompanying handwritten material (plate envelopes, logbooks, observer notes) are presented here. To fully exploit the unique photometric and astrometric data, stored on the plates, further processing steps are required including registering the plate to celestial coordinates, masking of the plates, and a calibration of the photoemulsion darkening curve. To demonstrate the correct functioning of these procedures, historical light curves of two bright BL Lac‐type active galactic nuclei are extracted. Results The resulting light curve of the blazar 1ES 1215+303 exhibits a large decrease in the magnitude from to in about 300 days, which proves the variability in the optical region. Furthermore, we compare the measured magnitudes for the quasar 3C 273 with contemporaneous measurements and find good agreement.
The development of oil loading distributed control system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Adopting a small distributed control system (DCS) structure, an oil loading distributed control system is developed, which is composed of the process management level and process control level. The hardware configuration, software function and the method of realizing distributed communication are presented. The technical approaches of optimizing loading process management and enhancing process control reliability are used, which are PLC techniques, IC card, and multi-display.
Location Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for Maximum Capacity and Coverage

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Electric vehicle charging facility location is a critical component of long-term strategic planning. Integration of electric vehicles into mainstream adoption has unique characteristics as it requires a careful investigation of both electric and transportation networks. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent approaches in location analyses of electric vehicle charging infrastructures. We review approaches from classical operations research for fast and slow charging stations. Sample formulations along with case studies are presented to provide insights. We discuss that classical methods are appropriate to address the coverage of charging networks which is defined as average time or distance to reach a charging station when needed. On the other hand, calculating required capacity, defined as the individual charging resources at each node, is still an open research topic. In the final part, we present stochastic facility location theory that uses queuing and other probabilistic approaches.
Workplace Wellness Programs: Services Offered, Participation, and Incentives.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article leverages existing data on wellness programs to explore patterns of wellness program availability, employers' use of incentives, and program participation and utilization among employees. Researchers used two sets of data for this project: The first included data from the 2012 RAND Employer Survey, which used a nationally representative sample of U.S. employers that had detailed information on wellness program offerings, program uptake, incentive use, and employer characteristics. These data were used to answer questions on program availability, configuration, uptake, and incentive use. The second dataset included health care claims and wellness program information for a large employer. These data were analyzed to predict program participation and changes in utilization and health. The findings underscore the increasing prevalence of worksite wellness programs. About four-fifths of all U.S. employers with more than 1,000 employees are estimated to offer such programs. For those larger employers, program offerings cover a range of screening activities, interventions to encourage healthy lifestyles, and support for employees with manifest chronic conditions. Smaller employers, especially those with fewer than 100 employees, appear more reserved in their implementation of wellness programs. The use of financial incentives appears to increase employee participation in wellness programs, but only modestly. Employee participation in lifestyle management aspects of workplace wellness programs does not reduce healthcare utilization or cost regardless of whether we focus on higher-risk employees or those who are more engaged in the program.
Exogenous glutathione increased lead uptake and accumulation inIris lacteavar.chinensisexposed to excess lead

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long- and short-term hydroponic experiments were conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of exogenous glutathione (GSH) on Pb uptake, translocation, and gene expresses in Iris lactea var. chinensis exposed to excess lead (Pb). Exogenous GSH remarkedly promoted Pb uptake and translocation in long-term (14 d) experiment, and the GSH-dose-dependent increases in shoot and root Pb contents existed obviously when GSH concentrations were lower than 800 mg·L-1. The fresh weight in gradual rise in plants was observed with the increase of exogenous GSH concentration. In short-term (24 h) experiment, Pb contents in roots under Pb with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a known inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis) treatments were significantly lower than that under Pb exposure alone. The transcript levels of three genes (Ilγ-ECS, IlGS, and IlPCS) involved in GSH synthesis and metabolism, showed no significant change in expression pattern except that upregulation after 24 h of treatment with Pb and GSH in comparison with that of the single Pb treatment. Further, the level of IlGS transcript after exposure for 4 h was much higher than that of Ilγ-ECS and IlPCS transcripts. All these results obtained here suggest that exogenous GSH can increase Pb accumulation, detoxification, and translocation to the shoot.
Dopamine Depresses Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Onto Rat Subicular Neurons Via Presynaptic D1-Like Dopamine Receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Schizophrenia is considered to be associated with an abnormal functioning of the hippocampal output. The high clinical potency of antipsychotics that act as antagonists at dopamine (DA) receptors indicate a hyperfunction of the dopaminergic system. The subiculum obtains information from area CA1 and the entorhinal cortex and represents the major output region of the hippocampal complex. To clarify whether an enhanced dopaminergic activity alters the hippocampal output, the effect of DA on alveus- and perforant path-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in subicular neurons was examined using conventional intracellular and whole cell voltage-clamp recordings. Dopamine (100 microM) depressed alveus-elicited (S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated EPSCs to 56 +/- 8% of control while perforant path-evoked EPSCs were attenuated to only 76 +/- 7% of control. Dopamine had no effect on the EPSC kinetics. Dopamine reduced the frequency of spontaneous miniature EPSCs without affecting their amplitudes. The sensitivity of subicular neurons to the glutamate receptor agonist (S)-alpha-amino-3-hydoxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid was unchanged by DA pretreatment, excluding a postsynaptic mechanism for the observed reduction of excitatory synaptic transmission. The effect of DA on evoked EPSCs was mimicked by the D1 receptor agonist SFK 38393 and partially antagonized by the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390. While the D2 receptor agonist quinelorane failed to reduce the EPSCs, the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride did not block the action of DA. The results indicate that DA strongly depresses the hippocampal and the entorhinal excitatory input onto subicular neurons by decreasing the glutamate release following activation of presynaptic D1-like DA receptors.
Can We Identify People at Risk of Non-recovery after Acute Occupational Low Back Pain? Results of a Review and Higher-Order Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors in the literature that may predict a poor recovery from acute occupational low back pain (LBP). Methods: Four international databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were reviewed, searching all articles indexed up to November 2007 with the term low back pain combined with the terms prognostic, prospective, or cohort. Following application of inclusion criteria, 10 articles were found to be appropriate for data extraction. Each article was critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Statistical pooling was performed on any factor evaluated in at least three independent cohorts. Results: Seven cohorts were identified, with a total sample size of 2,484 subjects. Only three factors were followed in at least three cohorts and were therefore suitable for statistical pooling: female gender (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–1.58); pain radiation (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.79–2.39); and previous history of back pain (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.52–1.60). There was significant heterogeneity within the female gender factor; compensation of subjects for study participation appeared to moderate its effect. Conclusion: After statistical pooling, only female gender achieved statistical significance as a prognostic factor for prolonged recovery. Further research is necessary to determine prognostic factors for non-recovery in acute LBP.
On the mean square average of Dirichlet $L$-function over characters of odd parityin a special case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Evaluating the mean square averages of the Dirichlet $L$-functions over Dirichlet characters $\chi$ of the same parity is an active problem in number theory. Here we explicitly evaluate $\sum_{\chi\text{ odd}}L(3,\chi)$ using certain trigonometric sums and Bernoulli polynomials and express the sum in terms of the Euler totient function $\phi$ and the Jordan totient function $J_s$.
Modeling and simulation of erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical waveguide amplifiers with dual-wavelength pumping at 980 nm and 1480 nm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the rapid development of silicon photonic chips and integrated photonic circuits, erbium-doped optical waveguide amplifiers have received more and more attention in order to compensate for the transmission and coupling losses caused by the integration of optical devices on a chip. Pumping wavelength and pumping efficiency directly affect the gain and noise figure of the amplifier. In this paper, we propose an innovative dual-wavelength pumping method based on an erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical waveguide amplifier with simultaneous pumping at 980 nm and 1480 nm. A relaxation method based on the fourth-order Range-Kutta method is used to solve the rate and propagation equations and simulate the gain characteristics of the dual-wavelength pumping method for different ytterbium-erbium ion concentration ratios, erbium ion concentrations and ratio K between the 980 nm and total pump power. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the gain of the dual-wavelength pumping method is higher than that of the single-wavelength pumping methods when the erbium ion concentration exceeds 3 × 10 26 m −3 . At higher erbium ion concentrations, the dual-wavelength pumping method can provide higher gain for optical waveguide amplifiers, and may be able to become a new choice of pumping method for optical waveguide amplifiers.
O2–07–05: Investigations of brain glucose utilization in three transgenic mouse strains that develop neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain glucose utilization imaging, such as FDG-PET, is proving to be a powerful tool for the detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain glucose utilization is a functional biomarker that is most tightly coupled to neuronal activity, but its relationship to AD-related neuropathologies remains somewhat unclear. To investigate this relationship further, we measured brain uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), a preclinical FDG analog, in transgenic mice which develop certain neuropathological features of AD. Cross-sectional studies were performed in the following transgenic mice strains: (1) PD-APP mice which overexpress human mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP), (2) TASTPM mice which overexpress human mutated APP and presenilin (PS-1) genes, and (3) TauPS2APP mice which overexpress human mutated APP, PS-2, and tau. All of these mice develop amyloid plaques in the cortex and hippocampus in an age-dependent manner, and the TauPS2APP mice additionally exhibit hyperphosphorylated tau. The results showed reduced 2-DG uptake in the frontoparietal cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus of 11 month old TASTPM mice compared to age-matched wild type mice. To a similar extent, decreased 2-DG uptake was observed in 25 month old female triple transgenic mice in the frontoparietal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala regions compared to age-matched wild type mice. Amyloid plaque levels where high in both of these cohorts, and the TauPS2APP mice exhibited high levels of hyperphosphorylated tau. Correlation analyses between regional 2-DG uptake and quantified amyloid plaque load revealed a negative relationship between the two within the cortex, thalamus, and amygdala regions. A longitudinal microPET study is ongoing in TASTPM mice combining [18 F]-FDG and [18 F]-Florbetapir scans to further characterize the relationship between glucose utilization and amyloid plaque deposition. The current studies have positive implications for the development of translational biomarkers of AD, such as combined imaging for regional metabolic activity and amyloid deposits in animals and humans.
Assessing the Dietary Habits of Canadians by Eating Location and Occasion: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p>Occasion and location of food environment has an influence on dietary habits, nutritional quality and overall health and nutrition-related chronic disease risk. Eating occasion and location was assessed in 20,402 Canadians aged ≥ 2 years, with a focus on energy, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium intake by age group. Data showed >80% of children, compared to ~60% of adolescents and adults, consumed three meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) plus snacks in a day. Dinner contributed the most calories [ranging from 395 ± 11 kcal (2–3 year olds) to 952 ± 27 kcal (men 19–30 years)], saturated fat [7.4 ± 0.2% energy (2–3 year olds) to 9.1 ± 0.3% energy (women 31–50 years)], and sodium [851 ± 24 mg (2–3 year olds) to 1299 ± 69 mg (men 19–30 years)], while snacks contributed the most added sugars [22 ± 1 kcal (men >70 years) to 45 ± 1 kcal (2–3 year olds)]. By eating location, most Canadians (>90%) reported consuming food from home. Subsequently, home was associated with the majority of energy [1383 ± 23 kcal (women >70 years) to 2090 ± 35 kcal (boys 9–13 years)], saturated fat [20.4 ± 0.4%E (men 51–70 years) to 24.2 ± 0.4%E (2–3 year olds)], added sugars [77 ± 3 kcal (men 19–30 years) to 117 ± 2 kcal (2–3 year olds)], and sodium [2137 ± 59 mg (women 19–30 years) to 2638 ± 45 mg (men 51–70 years)] intakes. Reported eating behaviours suggest action is needed at individual and population levels to alter food purchasing and consumption habits, specifically with regards to snacking habits and foods prepared at home.</p>
Machine Learning‐Based Estimation of Experimental Artifacts and Image Quality in Fluorescence Microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reliable characterization of image data is fundamental for imaging applications, FAIR data management, and an objective evaluation of image acquisition, processing, and analysis steps in an image‐based investigation of biological samples. Image quality assessment (IQA) often relies on human visual perception, which is not objective, or reference ground truth images, which are not often available. This study presents a method for a comprehensive IQA of microscopic images, which solves these issues by employing a set of reference‐free metrics that estimate the presence of experimental artifacts. The metrics are jointly validated on a semisynthetic dataset and are tested on experimental images. Finally, the metrics are employed in a machine learning model, demonstrating their effectiveness for automatic artifact classification through multimarker IQA. This work provides a reliable reference‐free method for IQA in optical microscopy, which can be integrated into the experimental workflow and tuned to address specific artifact detection tasks.
Structural acoustic optimization of ribbed panels excited by complex forcing functions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural acoustic optimization is performed on a ribbed panel exited by diffuse acoustic field and turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flow. In order to vary the rib location during the optimization, component mode synthesis (CMS) was used with the rib and plate treated as separate substructures. The CMS approach couples the individual modes of the rib and plate using impedances at the connection points thus only requiring full eigenanalysis and radiation resistance calculations once and allowing for more rapid function evaluation during the optimization. The optimization was then performed using an evolutionary strategy with covariance matrix adaption. The rib location and properties were varied by the optimizer to find the best low-noise panel. An exhaustive search was performed to verify the optimum solution and compare results for several objective functions. Alternative design variables and constraints will also be discussed.
How selective migration enables socioeconomic mobility

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jennifer Lee and Min Zhou's new book, The Asian American Achievement Paradox, revives Asian American scholarship from a period of relative stagnation and elevates the discussion from the morass of cultural essentialism. Its major contributions are to extensively articulate: (1) how much cultural explanations are actually class-based explanations and (2) how selective migration creates the conditions that promote social mobility. This book resolves empirical paradoxes in the scholarship and engages broader debates on race, immigration and inequality.
D2 and D4 dopamine receptor polymorphisms and personality

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The relationship of various dimensions of temperament, measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), to polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) and D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) genes was determined in 119 healthy Caucasian boys who had not yet begun to consume alcohol and other drugs of abuse. Total Novelty Seeking score of the TPQ was significantly higher in boys having, in common, all three minor (A1, B1, and Intron 6 1) alleles of the DRD2 compared to boys without any of these alleles. Boys with the DRD4 7 repeat (7R) allele also had a significantly higher Novelty Seeking score than those without this allele. However, the greatest difference in Novelty Seeking score was found when boys having all three minor DRD2 alleles and the DRD4 7R allele were contrasted to those without any of these alleles. Neither the DRD2 nor the DRD4 polymorphisms differentiated total Harm Avoidance score. Whereas subjects having all three minor DRD2 alleles had a significantly higher Reward Dependence 2 (Persistence) score than subjects without any of these alleles, no significant difference in this personality score was found between subjects with and without the DRD4 7R allele. In conclusion, DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms individually associate with Novelty Seeking behavior. However, the combined DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms contribute more markedly to this behavior than when these two gene polymorphisms are individually considered.
GROWTH AND MORTALITY OF INDIA MACKEREL RASTRELLIGER KANAGURTA IN THE MINNAN-TAIWAN BANK FISHING GROUND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ths paper reported growth characteristics and mortality parameters,and discussed fishable size of India Mackerel in Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground. The length-weight rela- tionship formulas are W=2.5687×10~(-7)L~(3.7545),W'=1.003×10~(-6)L~(3.5140), where W and W'represent net body weight(g)and total body weight(g)respectively, L is fork length. The parameters of growth equation are:L_∞=346.5mm, W_∞=881.1g,K=0.2209,to=-1.2263. The population survival rate is estimated to be 0.2808. The instantaneous rate of total mortality is 1. 2600,in- stantaneous natural and fishing mortality rate are 0. 5863 and 0. 6738 respectively. The optimum minimal fishing fork length,net body weight and total body weight are 170.3mm, 63.9g and 71.0g respectively.
A CADAVER STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF DORSAL ANGULATION AND SHORTENING OF THE METACARPAL SHAFT ON THE EXTENSION AND FLEXION FORCE RAT IOS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two experiments were performed on the second and fifth metacarpals of five normal cadaver hands. The forces obtained on full extension and flexion of the digits were measured. An oblique osteotomy was performed on the shaft of the metacarpal and fixed with dorsal angulation. The forces obtained on extension and flexion of the digits were measured. The relationships between the changes in force and the angle were analyzed. Flexion force decreased and extension force increased as the dorsal angulation increased, and these were significant beyond 30 ° of dorsal angulation. The differences between index and little fingers were not significant. In the second experiment, the metacarpal bone was shortened at the osteotomy site, and the same measurements made. Flexion and extension forces both decreased, and were significant beyond 3 mm of shortening. The differences between index and little fingers were not significant. Journal of Hand Surgery (British and European Volume, 1995) 20B: 5:609-613 Malunion of metacarpal shaft fractures in dorsal angulation, shortening and malrotation are common sequelae. Mal-rotation is unacceptable as it leads to digital overlap when a fist is made (Opgrande and Westphal, 1983). The amount of dorsal angulation
The Effect Of Discounts And Word Of Mouth Communication On Purchasing Decisions At Src Al-Badar Wholesale Stores

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Currently, the business world is very competitive, especially in Indonesia. This is shown by the increasing number of traditional businesses that are starting to transition to modern businesses, or perhaps new modern businesses. This study uses Quantitative Research, a research method that collects data in the form of numbers or numerical data to be analyzed statistically. The results of hypothesis testing show that the variable Price Discount, Word of Mouth simultaneously has a positive effect on consumer purchase decisions. From the partial results, the discount has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision at the Al-Badr src graosir store. Simultaneously, discounts and word of mouth communication have a positive and significant effect on product purchase decisions at the Al-Badr src wholesale store.