jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
J. G. Fichte’s philosophy of history in the mirror of contemporaneousness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

J. G. Fichte’s outlook at the world history developed by him in work «Main features of the contemporary \nepoch» and closely associated with the other parts of his system still has not been \nelaborately examined in the native scientific literature. The article is devoted to showing the \nactuality of his philosophy of history content in the present spiritual situation. To achieve this \naim, there is a demonstration in the article that creative work of Fichte including his philosophy \nof history in the recent decades reveals the growing interest of the world’s philosophical \ncommunity concentrated in the activities of the International society of J. G. Fichte. Moreover, \nthe content of Fichte’s philosophy of history is analyzed in connection with his teaching on \nupbringing, language, and the nation, as well as the relation to Fichte’s philosophy of history \npracticed by contemporary native and foreign researchers of his heritage. This material being investigated by methods of textual and comparative analysis, the authors of the article come \nto the following conclusions. The philosophy of history of the great German idealist has been \nkeeping its significance nowadays as for its substantive and methodological side as well. Substantially \nit has an unquestionable heuristic potential to explain the past of mankind and to \nshow the development perspective hereof. Resolution of collision between pure rational and \nexceptionally empirical approaches to learning of the world history proposed by Fichte is one \nof the most important establishments in this sphere. Fichte’s teaching on the determinate role \nof the language in the life of the folk and the nation together with the beginning of new upbringing \ndeveloped by him is of great practical importance.
Variability in survival and mortality of Acacia drepanolobium Sjøstedt following prescribed burning at Olpejeta Conservancy, Kenya

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mortalities to Acacia drepanolobium , a main item in the diet of the eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis Michaeli) in Olpejeta conservancy, Kenya, are caused by three main factors: drought, browsers and fire. The effect of controlled fires on A. drepanolobium was examined by monitoring survival and growth in experimental plots before and after fire episodes between 2003 and 2007. Density, survival and growth in A. drepanolobium trees were compared eighteen months before and after burning. Tall trees were more likely to die from fire compared to short trees ( R 2 = 0.575; df = 6; P = 0.048), while seedling densities increased after fire ( χ 2 = 36.57; df = 1; P = 0.001). Even with increased seedling densities, burned areas attracted large numbers of seedling predators, lowering the possibility of seedling recruitment into adult, as mean seedling heights reduced significantly (ANOVA, F = 204.42; df = 1; P = 0.036). Fires also significantly lowered flowering ( F = 346; df = 1; P < 0.05) in A. drepanolobium , thereby affecting fruit production. Although fires caused mortalities to adult A. drepanolobium , the most significant effect was tree reversals into seedling height class as trees resprouted. Although fire may increase browse biomass of A. drepanolobium available for black rhino, it is not an appropriate black rhino habitat management tool because burnt areas attract many seedling predators that lower seedling recruitment into adult trees.
Reduced nonspecific steroidal esterase activity in human malignant tumor tissue from liver, colon and breast when compared to peritumoral and normal tissue levels.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The levels of a nonspecific steroidal esterase estimated as alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity were measured in apparently normal (peritumoral) tissue of liver, colon and breast cancer patients, in malignant tumor tissue from the same patients and in normal colon tissue from healthy individuals who never had colon cancer. Cancer tissue from all three organs showed 35-79% reduced levels of ANAE activity when compared to peritumoral tissue of the same organ (p < 0.03). When ANAE activity of normal colon tissue from healthy individuals who never had colon cancer was compared with peritumoral colon tissue from colon cancer patients, which were combined with colonic biopsies from cancer-free patients previously operated on for colon cancer, a 50% reduced ANAE activity was observed in these tissues compared to the normal (p < 0.005). A highly significant reduction of enzyme activity was also found when malignant colon tissue from the cancer patients was compared to normal colon tissue from healthy individuals who never had colon cancer.
Conceptual relations of architecture, painting, color, and education and their application in an elementary school

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

If the theories of Piaget (stages of cognitive development) and Bruner (anything can be taught to anyone as long as it is taught in their language) are combined and applied to an elementary school the resulting conclusion is very quickly hands-on learning. Or, more simply, elementary-aged children understand their world through tangible experiences, so teach them through tangible experiences. \n \nA child's early memory code is formed by concrete experiences (combinations of the 5 senses), but these experiences become the building blocks for their later abstract cognitive thought patterns. This theory of education is widely applied from the standpoint of teach (hands on lessons, manipulative, etc.), but is a low if not nonexistent priority in constructing the environments in our schools. The experiential aspects of our schools should not only provide for a purely more pleasing environment, but should also allow for strong behavioral imprinting experiences that would result in memory niches -- the foundation for later abstract cognitive thought patterns. \n \nThis diagram shows the progression of memory coding through these stages and how the resulting thoughts would be accessed.
Effects of oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides [Griffon and Maubl.] U. Braun and S. Takam.) on photosynthesis of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of one of the most important foliar diseases, powdery mildew, on the leaf physiological traits of Quercus robur L. using chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in combination with parameters of leaf gas exchange. For this purpose, greenhouse semi-controlled experiment was conducted with 25 one-year-old seedlings kept in optimal conditions, and the same number of seedlings infected with the mentioned pathogen. Measurements were carried out when the coverage of epiphytic micelia visually reached more than 75% of the surface of leaves in the infected seedlings. The results of gas exchange measurement showed that Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon and Maubl.) U. Braun and S. Takam caused a significant reduction of net photosynthesis (A) and a significant increase in substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, considering the fast kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, all of the observes parameters were significantly affected by oak powdery mildew. On the other hand, pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence parameters were mildly affected, with only minimal (Fo?) and maximal (Fm?) fluorescence of dark adopted leaves showing significant difference. This study presented the possibility of usage and the effectiveness of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in detection the severe stress conditions, on the example of leaves infected with oak powdery mildew over 75%. Some additional studies should be conducted in the future to determine the possibility of usage and the effectiveness of the observed fluorescence parameters of fast kinetics in detection of mild and early stress.
Malignant hypertension in the elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate age-related differences in malignant hypertension (MHT), we studied 38 elderly patients (18 males, 20 females; mean age 70.6 years, SD 4.6 years, range 65 to 84) and 277 younger patients (193 males, 84 females; mean age 46.4 years, SD 10.5, range 15 to 64) with MHT presenting 1965-93. Mean duration of known hypertension before presentation was greater in the elderly group (43.8 months vs. 23.1 months). The elderly group included 18 (47.4%) newly diagnosed hypertensives, compared to 160 (55.8%) in the younger group. At presentation, 19 (50.0%) elderly patients were receiving no antihypertensive drug therapy, whilst 18 (47.4%) were taking one or more drugs for hypertension. Presenting clinical features in elderly MHT patients included visual disturbance (9), headaches (2), headaches with visual disturbance (2), stroke (3), and heart failure (2). Six patients were asymptomatic. The commonest clinical complications were ischaemic heart disease (angina and myocardial infarction) (5), heart failure (4) and stroke (4). The majority (58%) of patients, however, had no vascular complications at presentation. Comparing elderly and younger MHT groups, there was no significant difference in presenting systolic blood pressures, although mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater in the younger group (mean 143.7 mmHg +/- 19.3 vs. 130.0 mmHg +/- 15.2; p < 0.0001). After a mean follow-up of 30.9 months (SD 37.1; range 1 to 123 months), 17 (44.7%) of the elderly patients were still alive, 15 were dead (39.5%) and six were lost to follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advances in fluorescent nanoprobes for live-cell super-resolution imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rapid development of super-resolution microscopy has made it possible to observe subcellular structures and dynamic behaviors in living cells with nanoscale spatial resolution, greatly advancing progress in life sciences. As hardware technology continues to evolve, the availability of new fluorescent probes with superior performance is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, fluorescent nanoprobes (FNPs) have emerged as highly promising fluorescent probes for bioimaging due to their high brightness and excellent photostability. This paper focuses on the development and applications of FNPs as probes for live-cell super-resolution imaging. It provides an overview of different super-resolution methods, discusses the performance requirements for FNPs in these methods, and reviews the latest applications of FNPs in the super-resolution imaging of living cells. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future outlook in this field.
LETTERS FROM TADEUSZ PORAYSKI TO WITOLD FRIEMANN AS A DOCUMENT OF THE ARTISTS’ COLLABORATION ON THE OPERA THE BASILISK

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ne of the two librettists who were invited for collaboration with the composer Witold Friemann was the poet Tadeusz Porayski. The correspondence between the two artists reveals the challenging cooperation of a writer with a composer, including factual disputes over both certain solutions and the naming of the piece itself (whether it was to be an opera, an operetta, or maybe a vaudeville, or a musical comedy after all). The valuable element are the librettist’s keen insights into the creation of the various versions of the opera performed in person by the composer in Laski. Weaving national dances into the work – also at the librettist’s insistence – confirms both artists’ love of this trend. Their difficult collaboration that we observe in the letters, as well as the discussions they held in Laski – with Irena Friemann as the mediator – were finally crowned with success. A music and stage legend in five parts (three acts with a prologue and an epilogue) with lyrics by Porayski and music by Friemann entitled The Basilisk was created. Unfortunately, the composition was never staged in whole but only in fragments – which is also shown in the correspondence. Apart from discussions and finally, finishing the composition, which was the main topic of the correspondence, we also have deliberations concerning the efforts to have the opera staged, preparations of the text of the libretto and other matters connected with it. Another topic, also an important one, is the personal aspect – the poet’s concern about the health of the composer and his wife Irena and the emphasis of Friemann’s wise and inspiring attitude – “[…] These wise pieces of advice and the support I had in you were what I often missed so much in the hard years of my life”. Apart from that, there are announcements of social visits which confirm that the artists often met in Laski, even after the opera collaboration had ended. Important are also the tokens of remembrance in the form of nameday and holiday greetings cards that were sent to the Friemanns by Zofia and Tadeusz Porayski. Their correspondence was carried out from 1954, which was the time when the artists established their libretto collaboration, to 1976 – which means it practically lasted until the Friemanns’ death as they died at the beginning of 1977. The letters touching on substantive issues are often elaborate and multi-aspect whereas personal threads are brief and concise, but they all maintain a high dose of recognition for the Friemanns, which is reflected in keeping the header phrased as Honourable Mr Professor, Honourable and Dear Mr Professor or Honourable Mr and Mrs (Friemann) until every last letter. Porayski’s letters are a valuable document showing the path towards the completion of an operatic work in terms of its verbal and musical sides.
The coordinatorsiandzin Polish: A cognitive-typological approach (Part 2)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Developed within the frame of cognitive and typological linguistics, the present study examines the taxonomical status of the lexemes i and z in Polish. To achieve this aim, the author analyzes the compliance of the two forms with the prototype of coordinate-hood and the structure of their maps of polyfunctionality. The evidence demonstrates that i is a canonical instantiation of the category of coordinate-hood while z is less canonical. Additionally, the two lexemes yield different maps of polyfunctionality (with distinct prototypicality nuclei), which reflects their distinct diachronic and conceptual origin. The map of i radiates from the value of ‘also’ while the map of z radiates from a comitative sense. This article – the last in a series of two – completes the presentation of the empirical evidence and interprets it within the adopted framework. The degrees of canonicity of i and z are determined and the semantic-functional maps of the two lexemes are compared.
Petition from the inhabitants of South Leith, addressed to General Monk, praying him to restore to them the use of the Parish Chruch, Circa 1655; Illustrated with a series of Extracts from the Kirk-Session Records of that Parish

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

David Laing presents a petition from the inhabitants of Leith to General Monk that he suggests should be dated to c.1655-56. The petition is asking if General could remove his soldiers from the parishioners' church so they could use it for worship. Laing also includes several entries from the Kirk-Session Records of the Church of St. Mary's in South Leith to illustrate the difficulties the parishioners faced over the six years they were prevented from entering their church.
Young Silver Birch Grows Faster and Allocates Higher Portion of Biomass into Stem Than Norway Spruce, a Case Study from a Post-Disturbance Forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the paper was to compare young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) growing at the identical site, from the point of contribution of tree components to their aboveground biomass stock, their wood density, radial increment and aboveground biomass production. Our research activities were performed in the High Tatra Mts., which belong to the Tatra National Park (TANAP), Northern Slovakia. Currently, the substantial part of the TANAP territory is covered by post-disturbance young forests which have been growing there since the large-scale windstorm episode in November 2004. Our study combined non-destructive repeated tree measurements performed at two transects in 2016–2020, with destructive tree sampling of twenty 14-year-old individuals for each species. From the gathered data, we derived models estimating standing stock and annual production of aboveground biomass in individual tree components (foliage, branches, stem bark and stem wood), using diameter at breast height (DBH) as a predictor. The results showed contrasting contributions of tree compartments to aboveground biomass stock between birch and spruce. While spruce trees had four times higher contribution of foliage than birches, the reverse situation (1.5-fold difference) was observed for stem over bark biomass. At the same time, birch trees had a 40% greater diameter increment and a 30% denser stem wood than spruce. As for aboveground biomass production, the contribution of the stem as an economically important component was greater in birch than spruce. The results suggest that, in the young growth stage, birch may be advantageous over spruce in both ecological and production properties. Therefore, we believe that strengthening research activities focused on birch ecology and production issues would bring practical recommendations for better utilization of this tree species in forestry and wood-processing industry sectors
Development of Pressureless Sintered Titanium Boride Ceramics.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The boride ceramics have been attracting considerable attention as one of the newest advanced ceramics. In particular, titanium diboride (TiB2) has various desirable properties, such as a high melting point (3253 K), high hardness (32 GPa), and moderate electrical conductivity (105S). One of its major disadvantages, however, is poor sinterability. In this study, the effect of sintering aids addition on the pressureless sintering process of TiB2 ceramics was investigated. The addition of both Cr and C or Cr3C2 as the sintering aids accelerated the densification of TiB2 significantly. Simultaneous addition of about 5 to 10 mass% Cr and C or Cr3C2 resulted in high density, high bending strength and high Vickers hardness. According to the X-ray diffraction data of TiB2 composites fired at 1173 to 2173 K showed that Cr and C or Cr3C2 reacted with TiB2 to form CrB and TiC during the sintering process. CrB and TiC were formed at the grain boundaries of TiB2. Also, the solid solution between TiB2 and sintering aids was recognized. The SEM micrograph observation supported that a liquid phase was significantly concerned in the sintering of TiB2. The fracture surface of TiB2 sintered body showed both transgranular and intergranular fracture mode. It is considered that the addition of both Cr and C or Cr3C2 was effective in promoting the bonding between grains and removing pores to achieve high density in the sintered body. Thus, a sintered body of TiB2 having increased density, high strength and high hardness can be obtained by the addition of Cr and C or Cr3C2 to TiB2.
SUMMARY Background

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than two-thirds of ulcerative colitis patients experience at least one relapse over a period of 10 years. Treatments that reduce the likeli-hood of relapses also reduce the risk of long-term complications. Aim To review three topics: the current standard of treatment for ulcerative colitis, evolving concepts in treatment, and disease modification as a treatment goal of the future. Results Currently, 5-aminosalicylates are the standard treatment for the induc-tion and maintenance of remission in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis patients. Evidence suggests that patients who take oral 5-amino-salicylates regularly are nearly six times more likely to experience regression in disease severity than those who do not. Additional treat-ment options such as corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biological therapies and ciclosporin are available for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis patients, or those who do not respond to 5-aminosalicylate. Sur-gery becomes pertinent for more than one-third of ulcerative colitis patients during the course of their disease. With the availability of a variety of therapies, advances in surgery and improved management strategies, a better understanding of patient treatment expectations can help improve the quality of care for ulcerative colitis patients. Conclusions Disease modification is increasingly becoming a treatment goal in the management of ulcerative colitis. However, long-term studies are needed to examine further the disease modifying role of 5-aminosalicy-lates.
Deep VLA images of globular clusters - NGC 6624

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (14) References (28) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Deep VLA Images of Globular Clusters: NGC 6624 Johnston, Helen M. ; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Abstract A sensitive radio image of the bright X-ray source 4U 1820-30 in the globular cluster NGC 6624 is presented. It is confirmed that the source is several arcseconds away from the cluster core. This implies that the observed negative orbital period derivative cannot be due to gravitational acceleration by the cluster. This work brings to three the number of cluster X-ray sources detected in the radio. Identification of cluster X-ray sources via their radio emission can be profitably used for precision optical identification and to elucidate the nature of the enigmatic low-luminosity cluster X-ray sources. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: July 1992 DOI: 10.1086/186440 Bibcode: 1992ApJ...393L..17J Keywords: Globular Clusters; Radio Astronomy; Very Large Array (Vla); X Ray Binaries; Neutron Stars; Radio Emission; Stellar Luminosity; Stellar Mass; Astrophysics full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (18)
Lyapunov numbers of markov solutions of linear stochastic systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract All nontrivial solutions of x = A(t)x grow exponentially with rate X(x,w)e{A1,...,Xr}, A a (strictly) stationary matrix process. Projecting x to the unit sphere one obtains for each of the Lyapunov exponents Xt a solution xt with stationary angle st. Now if A is a Markov process one can restrict oneself to Markov solutions, i.e., (x, A) shall be a (joint) Markov process (wich is a restriction on the inital conditions). We prove that whenever there is a Markov solution x with Lyapunov number X then there is another Markov solution with a stationary angle (or equivalently: an invariant measure for the transition probabilities of (s, A)) with the same Lyapunov number. This has some consequences, e.g., for the uniqueness of the Lyapunov numbers