jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Realization of a magnonic analog adder with frequency-division multiplexing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Being able to accurately control the interaction of spin waves is a crucial challenge for magnonics in order to offer an alternative wave-based computing scheme for certain technological applications. Especially in neural networks and neuromorphic computing, wave-based approaches can offer significant advantages over traditional CMOS-based binary computing schemes with regard to performance and power consumption. In this work, we demonstrate precise modulation of phase- and amplitude-sensitive interference of coherent spin waves in a yttrium–iron–garnet based magnonic analog adder device, while also showing the feasibility of frequency-division multiplexing. Using time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy, the interference was directly observed, giving an important proof of concept for this kind of analog computing device and its underlying working principle. This constitutes a step toward wave-based analog computing using magnons as an information carrier.
Functional relationships between insulin binding, action, and degradation. A reassessment.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have evaluated the interrelationships between insulin binding, action, and degradation in primary cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes. In this cell system, over 99% of insulin degradation is cell-mediated. Whereas the Km value of insulin degradation in disrupted cells is approximately 10(-7) M, the Km value of insulin degradation in intact cells increases with increasing concentrations of insulin and parallels the Kd value of total insulin binding at all insulin concentrations. The dose-response relationship for insulin action differs from that of insulin degradation and specific insulin binding. However, when the portion of specific insulin binding which is degraded insulin is subtracted, the dose-response relationship for the remaining "specific-intact" insulin bound correlates with that of insulin action. These data indicate that the interpretation of relationships between insulin action, binding, and degradation depends on the biological system and the fraction of insulin binding utilized for analysis. In addition, our data derived in primary cultures of hepatocytes suggest that high affinity insulin binding sites may mediate insulin action, that insulin binding is rate-limiting for insulin degradation, and that all insulin binding sites, including "nonspecific" sites, may mediate insulin degradation.
Significant contribution of spleen cells in mediating the lethal effects of endotoxin in vivo

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two closely related, histocompatible mouse strains that have marked differences in both in vitro and in vivo responses to endotoxin were used to evaluate the contribution of lymphoid cells to the lethal effect of endotoxin. C3H/HeJ mice are endotoxin resistant, whereas C3H/HeN mice are endotoxin sensitive. In vitro spleen cell mitogenic responses to endotoxin were similar in untreated mice and in mice that received sublethal irradiation (450 R) followed by reconstitution with autologous spleen cells. Reconstitution with spleen cells from the related strain produced chimeric animals with spleen cell mitogenic activity like that of the donor strain. When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells. C3H/HeJ animals reconstituted with C3H/HeN cells became more endotoxin sensitive, whereas C3H/HeJ cells became more endotoxin resistant. These results indicate that spleen cells play a significant, detrimental role in endotoxin-induced lethality.
[Neurocysticercosis disclosed by cerebrovascular complication].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cysticercosis in one of the most common parasitoses in the world but is rare in France. This is the case of a thirty two years old man who had a stroke which revealed a neurocysticercosis, the diagnosis of which appeared on CT-scan. MR-imaging gave a more precise topographical diagnosis of the cysticercosis lesions and allowed a physiopathological understanding of the stroke. The ischemic lesion in the lenticulostriate territory was due to cysts in the sylvian fissure at the level of the beginning of those arteries with a perilesional inflammatory reaction. We learned the link between cysticercosis and stroke studing the cases reported in the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective C—H Activation α to Primary Amines. Bridging Metallaaziridines for Catalytic, Intramolecular α‐Alkylation.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of antibiotics on callus formation and somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledons of soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment of sensitivity on antibiotics was investigated with 6 genotypes of soybean. The results showed that frequency of callus fromation was decreased significantly when the medium was added with 50mg/L kanamycine. The response of soybean genotypes was similar in frequency of callus formation and was different in frequency of somatic embryogenesis. When medium contained 400mg/L cefotaxime, the frequencies of callus formation were dropped, however, the variation of somatic embryogenesis frequencies was different among different genotypes. The frequencies of somatic embryogenesis were declined obviously when immature cotyledon was cultured in medium containing cefotaxime after Agrobacterium-mediated. We provide an ideal selecting press of kanamycine and concentration for inhibiting Agrobacteriumof cefotaxime in immature cotyledon of soybean.
Adaptive survival movement strategy to local epidemic outbreaks in cyclic models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study the generalised rock-paper-scissors game with five species whose organisms face local epidemic outbreaks. As an evolutionary behavioural survival strategy, organisms of one out of the species move in the direction with more enemies of their enemies to benefit from protection against selection. We consider that each organism scans the environment, performing social distancing instead of agglomerating when perceiving that the density of sick organisms is higher than a tolerable threshold. Running stochastic simulations, we study the interference of the adaptive movement survival strategy in spatial pattern formation, calculating the characteristic length scale of the typical spatial domains inhabited by organisms of each species. We compute how social distancing trigger impacts the chances of an individual being killed in the cyclic game and contaminated by the disease. The outcomes show that the species predominates in the cyclic game because of the organisms’ local adaptation. The territory occupied by the species grows with the proportion of individuals learning to trigger the social distancing tactic. We also show that organisms that perceive large distances more properly execute the adaptive strategy, promptly triggering the social distancing tactic and choosing the correct direction to move. Our findings may contribute to understanding the role of adaptive behaviour when environmental changes threaten biodiversity.
Marine protected areas in southern China: Upgrading conservation effectiveness in the ‘eco‐civilization’ era

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract China has undergone massive economic development over the last several decades, but at the cost of serious environmental degradation, including to coastal and marine ecosystems. This paper describes the governance arrangements for management of coastal and marine areas of southern, mainland China and Hong Kong, especially marine protected areas (MPAs). Although not widely recognized internationally, there are 123 designated MPAs spread across the South China Sea coast. However, the effectiveness of these MPAs in conservation of ecosystem goods and services is seriously limited by a familiar range of pressures, including limited resources, insufficient enforcement and massive coastal development. Recent developments in national policy include integration of all protected areas (including marine) under a single agency, a range of limits on coastal development and water pollution, and the strategy of ‘eco‐civilization’ to balance environmental management with economic development. If successfully implemented, these policies would profoundly change the course of marine environments in China, with globally significant consequences. Recommendations for improving MPA performance in China include: ensuring that marine systems are not overwhelmed within the new national jurisdiction, and maintaining and enhancing marine capacity; increased resourcing, supported by comprehensive and systematic economic valuations of ecosystem goods and services and natural capital; upgraded enforcement of existing environmental laws and regulations, combined with further refinement and development, especially around cumulative impact management; a particular focus on major reduction in water pollution in all forms; integration of marine management between Hong Kong SAR and surrounding Guangdong Province; and enhanced community engagement, participation and education. Finally, much greater, collaborative engagement by the international community with Chinese marine management and conservation would bring major, and very mutual, benefits.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING – PRINCIPLES AND MAIN CHALLENGES FOR FINANCIAL MANAGERS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over the past 20 years, pollution issues have become more and more important, and hence the need to take action to limit its harmful effects. An increasing number of businesses submit non-financial information about their activity in their financial reports which therefore requires that this kind of information be checked to ascertain its authenticity. The aim of the current paper is to summarize some basic issues of environmental accounting and to outline the challenges for financial managers ahead of it. The choice of the topic is justified by the increasing relevance of environmental accounting and reporting of non-financial information, as well as the placement of environmental protection and the transition to circular economy within the priorities of the European Union. Under the current circumstances, environmental accounting and disclosure of non-financial information should henceforth be seen as an integral part of modern accounting and reporting, not as side and non-mandatory activities. For this purpose, a review of international trends and policies in these areas will be presented, mainly covering UN and EU documents as well as some international standards for reporting non-financial information.
Effect of light and dark on the growth and development of downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Disease development in plants requires a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a favourable environment. Oomycete pathogens cause many important diseases and have evolved sophisticated molecular mechanisms to manipulate their hosts. Day length has been shown to impact plant–oomycete interactions but a need exists for a tractable reference system to understand the mechanistic interplay between light regulation, oomycete pathogen virulence, and plant host immunity. Here we present data demonstrating that light is a critical factor in the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and its naturally occurring downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). We investigated the role of light on spore germination, mycelium development, sporulation, and oospore formation of Hpa, along with defence responses in the host. We observed abundant Hpa sporulation on compatible Arabidopsis under day lengths ranging from 10 to 14 hr. In contrast, exposure to constant light or constant dark suppressed sporulation. Exposure to constant dark suppressed spore germination, mycelial development, and oospore formation, whereas exposure to constant light stimulated these three stages of development. A biomarker of plant immune system activation was induced under both constant light and constant dark. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Hpa has the molecular mechanisms to perceive and respond to light and that both the host and pathogen responses are influenced by the light regime. Therefore, this pathosystem can be used for investigations to understand the molecular mechanisms through which oomycete pathogens like Hpa perceive and integrate light signals, and how light influences pathogen virulence and host immunity during their interactions.
Geoinformation Sharing System for East and Southeast Asia Using SDI, OGC Web Services and FOSS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an innovative, cost-effective and efficient web-based sharing system for geoscience information among the countries in East and Southeast Asia. The information system’s main components are organized following the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) model. It also uses the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Processing Service (WPS) for online spatial data rendition and processing, respectively. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) are also used for other important spatial data processing functions. The geospatial contents of the information system are stored and managed using the open source software PostgreSQL and its PostGIS extension. The information system makes spatial data sharing more efficient and organized by formulating a hierarchical information content classification scheme and the option for the users to put up their own customized WebGIS portals. These give users the option to show their chosen geospatial contents on their own web-based platform. The information system also makes spatial data sharing more flexible by providing data owners the choice to determine the data access privileges for each user or group of users. It also provides module for processing, rendering and sharing Japan’s ASTER satellite images. The information system is called GSi for Geoinformation Sharing Infrastructure for East and Southeast Asia. The URL of the web-based information system is https://ccop-gsi.org/main/index.html.
Genetic Relationship Among Four Indian Breeds of Sheep Using RAPD-PCR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Kumar, K.G., Kumar, P., Bhattacharya, T.K., Bhushan, B., Patel, A.K., Choudhary, V. and Sharma, A. 2003. Genetic relationship among four Indian breeds of sheep using RAPD-PCR. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 177–183. The study was carried out in four Indian sheep breeds namely, Marwari, Mandya, Madras Red and Muzaffarnagari maintained at different organised herds of the country. A total of six oligonucleotide primers were subjected to perform random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting to estimate genetic relationship (relatedness) among different breeds of sheep. All the six primers showed polymorphism in producing bands. The average number of bands in different breeds ranged from 6 to 15 with size of 0.3 to 1.9 kb. Out of six primers, OPM-2 and ILO-17 produced comparatively large number of bands in agarose gel. The intrabreed relatedness in terms of band sharing ranged from 0.66 to 1.00, the highest being in Marwari, whereas, lowest in Muzaffarnagari breed. The interbreed relatedness in terms of mean average percentage difference (MAPD) was highest (9.44±1.66) between Marwari and Muzaffarnagari breed while lowest value (4.90±1.54) was found between Mandya and Mujaffarnagari. It may be concluded that the Mandya breed is closest to Marwari while Marwari breed is too distant from Muzaffamagari breed.
MOESM1 of OLFM4, KNG1 and Sec24C identified by proteomics and immunohistochemistry as potential markers of early colorectal cancer stages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. The 5258 proteins found significant in the differential proteomic discovery study comparing DH versus DI versus pT1N0M0 versus pT2N0M0. Abbreviations: DH: diverticulitis (adjacent normal tissue), DI: diverticulitis inflammatory (diverticulitis zone itself), ADK: adenocarcinome.
Brain Dynamics of Spatial Reference Frame Proclivity in Active Navigation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent research into navigation strategy of different spatial reference frames (self-centered egocentric reference frame and environment-centered allocentric reference frame) has revealed that the parietal cortex plays an important role in processing allocentric information to provide a translation function between egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames. However, most studies merely focused on a passive experimental environment, which is not truly representative of our daily spatial learning/navigation tasks. This study investigated the factor associated with brain dynamics that causes people to switch their preferred spatial strategy in both active and passive navigations to bridge the gap. Virtual reality (VR) technique and Omni treadmill are applied to realize actively walking for active navigation, and for passive navigation, participants were sitting while conducting the same task. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded to monitor spectral perturbations on transitions between egocentric and allocentric frames during a path integration task. Forty-one right-handed male participants from authors' university participated this study. Our brain dynamics results showed navigation involved areas including the parietal cortex with modulation in the alpha band, the occipital cortex with beta and low gamma band perturbations, and the frontal cortex with theta perturbation. Differences were found between two different turning-angle paths in the alpha band in parietal cluster event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs). In small turning-angle paths, allocentric participants showed stronger alpha desynchronization than egocentric participants; in large turning-angle paths, participants for two reference frames had a smaller difference in the alpha frequency band. Behavior results of homing errors also corresponded to brain dynamic results, indicating that a larger angle path caused the allocentric to have a higher tendency to become egocentric navigators in the active navigation environment.
Debt Strategies of Russian Regions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article considers debt management practices by Russian regions and municipalities, within a framework set by federal budgetary legislation and practices of state-controlled banks. Key drivers of regional and municipal debt policy are analyzed, and Russian regions are stratified by their debt policy. Current recession is likely to produce higher level of regional debt and changes in its structure, lowering reliance on market funding and decreasing variations in pursued debt policy.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Guru Sekolah Indonesia Jeddah dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka melalui Pendampingan Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The "Merdeka Curriculum" in Indonesia is designed to be implemented based on the unique needs and characteristics of each student, offering educational policies that provide greater freedom. Since 2021, this curriculum has been gradually introduced in elementary schools, supported by various learning resources and educator training. The Merdeka Curriculum at this level focuses on three key areas: innovation, independent learning, and creative learning, promoting an enjoyable and engaging educational experience. Indonesian elementary schools abroad adhere to both Indonesian government policies and the educational regulations of the host country. For instance, the Indonesian Elementary School in Jeddah continues to use the 2013 Curriculum and faces the challenge of integrating local and Indonesian cultures. Maintaining high educational quality is crucial for these schools, as it impacts the awareness and skills of their graduates. To support Indonesian students abroad in adapting to local culture, language, and traditions, it is proposed to assist teachers at the Indonesian Elementary School in Jeddah in developing learning tools based on Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. The results show that mentoring activities are effective in increasing participants' understanding of the CRT teaching module with an n-gain of 0.32 in the medium category.
Perception of cervical cancer and its cytological screening among medical students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In Nigeria, cancer of the cervix is known to be the second commonest malignancy among females. In developed countries, there has been a paradigm shift attributed to effective cervical cancer screening predominantly using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. This screening tool is highly sensitive and specific; having a commendable positive predictive value as well as relatively cheap and effective means of screening cervical cancer for early detection. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the perception of Pap smear among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (CHS-UDUS) in order to be able to recommend ways for improving acceptability, usage, and dissemination of information of the screening tool (Pap smear). Materials and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional study design. Preclinical students of CHS-UDUS were selected using random sampling technique. Pretested semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires were administered on the students. Quantitative variables were analyzed and presented using measures of central tendency [mean and median] and measures of dispersion (standard deviation), while Chi-square test was used in bivariate analyses, to determine the statistical association between the categorical groups, with a P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Preclinical medical students in UDUS were found to have high awareness of cervical cancer-screening (82%) which made them positively disposed toward the screening tool. Most of them (75.6%) believe that Pap smear is effective in detecting cervical cancer. Majority of respondents obtained their information from routine lectures (81%) as against mass media (7%) and other extraneous source. However 42.8% were unaware of Pap smear screening services availability in their institution. Conclusion: The level of awareness about cervical cancer screening is high among the study population. Future studies should concentrate on utilization of this service in later life of young students.