jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparing End-Of-Life Care for Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer in Taiwan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When it comes to end-of-life care, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are often treated differently from lung cancer patients. However, few reports have compared end-of-life care between these two groups. We investigated the differences between patients with end-stage COPD and end-stage lung cancer based on end-of-life symptoms and clinical practice patterns using a retrospective study of COPD and lung cancer patients who died in an acute care hospital in Taiwan. End-stage COPD patients had more comorbidities and spent more days in the intensive care unit (ICU) than end-stage lung cancer patients. They were more likely to die in the ICU and less likely to receive hospice care. COPD patients also had more invasive procedures, were less likely to use narcotic and sedative drugs, and were less likely to have given do-not-resuscitate consent. Symptoms were similar between these two groups. Differences in treatment management suggest that COPD patients receive more care aimed at prolonging life than care aimed at relieving symptoms and providing end-of-life support. It may be more difficult to determine when COPD patients are at the end-of-life stage than it is to identify when lung cancer patients are at that stage. Our findings indicate that in Taiwan, more effort should be made to give end-stage COPD patients the same access to hospice care as end-stage lung cancer patients.
The Confederate States of America: What Might Have Been

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What Lee had avoided defeat at Gettysburg? What a stalemate had developed along with anti-war sentiment? What Lincoln had been defeated in the 1864 election and Britain had recognised the Confederacy? What would have happened to an independent Confederate States of America and a defeated United States? Here a master of historical analysis follows the consequences of the what if scenario and gives us the fascinating, convincing and insightful outcomes of his counterfactuals.
A Study of Mobile Robot Control using EEG Emotiv Epoch Sensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The study was using an EEG Emotiv Epoc+ sensor to recognize brain activity for controlling a mobile robot's movement. The study used Emotiv Control Panel software for EEG command identification. The commands will be interfaced inside Mind Your OSCs software and processing software which processed inside an Arduino Controller. The output of the Arduino is a movement command (ie. forward, backward, turn left, and turn right). The training methods of the system composed of three sets of thinking mode. First, thinking with doing facial expressions. Second, thinking with visual help. Third, thinking mentally without any help. In the first set, there are two configurations thinking with facial expression help as command of the mobile robot. Final results of the system are the second facial expressions configuration as the best facial expressions method with success rate 88.33 %. The second facial expression configuration has overall response time 1.60175 s faster than the first facial expressions configuration. In these two methods have dominant signals on the frontal lobe. The second facial expressions method have overall respond time 6.12 and 9.53 s faster than thinking with visual, and thinking without help respectively.
Design of Highly Connected Cd-Tetrazolate-Dicarboxylate Frameworks with Enhanced CO2/CH4 and C2 Hydrocarbons/CH4 Separation Performance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Highly connected crystalline porous materials are rare but promising for gas adsorption and separation since varying pore shape and size as well as high framework stability may be achieved by tuning the framework connectivity. We demonstrate herein two highly connected frameworks, namely, {[Cd7(BDC)6(MTAZ)2(DMF)6]·3DMF}n (SNNU-11) and {[Cd5(BDC) (PTAZ)8(DMF)2]·4DMF}n (SNNU-12) (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, MTAZ = 5-methyl-tetrazole, and PTAZ = 5-(4-pyridyl)-tetrazole). In SNNU-11, BDC ligands link S-shaped [Cd7(MTAZ)2] motifs to form a novel 10-connected framework, which is related to but different from the reported 10-connected bct and gpu nets. Under the similar synthesis condition, the utilization of 5-(4-pyridyl)-tetrazole produced SNNU-12, which is constructed from zigzag Cd5 clusters and exhibits a 12-connected fcu net. Notably, SNNU-12 decorated with uncoordinated nitrogen sites shows not only high CO2 uptake capacity (87.9 cm3 g–1, 1 atm, and 273 K) but also high CO2 over CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons over CH4 selectivity, which is among the highest values of highly connected MOF materials (connectivity ≥10) including famous UiO-66 and rare-earth fcu-MOFs under the same temperature and pressure.
[Freud's letters as a historical source].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article introduces the project of a "concordance of letters to and by Freud". It should make the broadly scattered Freud-correspondence more accessible to the historian. (Since the death of Freud, almost 3200 letters written by him and nearly 1200 letters to him have been published.) At the same time principles of methodology are discussed which have to be observed in using letters as historical source material.
D1.2_Evidence-based analysis of FLW actions/tools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The CHORIZO project aims to improve the understanding about how social norms (rules and expectations that are socially enforced) influence behaviour related to food waste generation. In order to understand what food loss and food waste (FLW) actions have and are taking place, and their current impacts, the project started by undertaking a comprehensive evidence-based analysis of actions addressing FLW.This report provides a comprehensive overview of past and current FLW prevention actions identified across EU member states within task 1.2 of the CHORIZO project. The analysis explores various facets of the actions, including food waste prevention levels, implementation challenges, the broader social, economic, and environmental impacts, gender considerations, and to what extent the interventions illuminate social norms at play that affect behaviour towards food waste.The report is accompanied by a series of appendices including a complete list of all the interventions identified in task 1.2, several other lists in accordance with subjects discussed in the report, datasets identified, and summaries of conducted interviews.To facilitate utilization of this report the following is highlighted for stakeholders:Introductory chapter and chapter 2: An overview of the CHORIZO project, followed by explanation about the methodology and timeline in respect to the work executed, outlining data collection and data analyses techniques, as well as risks and mitigation measures.Chapter 3: Dedicated to discussing the actions identified during desktop research. Includes classification in accordance with the food waste hierarchy.Chapter 4: More in-depth analysis of selected actions via interviews, providing key data and discussion about implementation challenges, sustainability, level of food waste addressed, the nutritional, economic, environmental, and social impacts.Chapter 5: Analysis using the Motivation (including social norms), Opportunity, and Ability Framework, and what the application of that framework has meant in terms of drivers of behaviour towards food waste.Chapter 6: Dedicated to gender in light of what role gender relations have in the social and economic context that shape the functioning of food value chains and behaviour towards food waste.The information provided in this deliverable is meant to complement European Union (EU) research and project initiatives in this field. It can be built upon as more knowledge about interventions is accumulated over time, and can serve to supply information which can be actively utilized during the planning and implementation of new interventions to address food waste.
Computation of the Distance-based Bound on Strong Structural Controllability in Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the problem of computing a tight lower bound on the dimension of the strong structurally controllable subspace (SSCS) in networks with Laplacian dynamics. The bound is based on a sequence of vectors containing the distances between leaders (nodes with external inputs) and followers (remaining nodes) in the underlying network graph. Such vectors are referred to as the distance-to-leaders vectors. {We give exact and approximate algorithms to compute the longest sequences of distance-to-leaders vectors, which directly provide distance-based bounds on the dimension of SSCS. The distance-based bound is known to outperform the other known bounds (for instance, based on zero-forcing sets), especially when the network is partially strong structurally controllable. Using these results, we discuss an application of the distance-based bound in solving the leader selection problem for strong structural controllability. Further, we characterize strong structural controllability in path and cycle graphs with a given set of leader nodes using sequences of distance-to-leaders vectors. Finally, we numerically evaluate our results on various graphs.
Incentivized Federated Learning and Unlearning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To protect users' right to be forgotten in federated learning, federated unlearning aims at eliminating the impact of leaving users' data on the global learned model. The current research in federated unlearning mainly concentrated on developing effective and efficient unlearning techniques. However, the issue of incentivizing valuable users to remain engaged and preventing their data from being unlearned is still under-explored, yet important to the unlearned model performance. This paper focuses on the incentive issue and develops an incentive mechanism for federated learning and unlearning. We first characterize the leaving users' impact on the global model accuracy and the required communication rounds for unlearning. Building on these results, we propose a four-stage game to capture the interaction and information updates during the learning and unlearning process. A key contribution is to summarize users' multi-dimensional private information into one-dimensional metrics to guide the incentive design. We further investigate whether allowing federated unlearning is beneficial to the server and users, compared to a scenario without unlearning. Interestingly, users usually have a larger total payoff in the scenario with higher costs, due to the server's excess incentives under information asymmetry. The numerical results demonstrate the necessity of unlearning incentives for retaining valuable leaving users, and also show that our proposed mechanisms decrease the server's cost by up to 53.91\% compared to state-of-the-art benchmarks.
Numerical round Robin on micromechanical models

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

'Local approaches' and 'micromechanical modeling' of fracture have found increasing interest since several years. The general advantage, compared with classical fracture mechanics, is that, in principle, the parameters of the respective models are only material and not geometry dependent. Thus, these concepts guarantee transferability from specimens to structures over a wide range of sizes and geometries and can still be applied when only small pieces of material are available which do not allow for standard fracture specimens. It is not even necessary to regard specimens with an initial crack as, of course, also initially uncracked structures will break if the local degradation of material has exceeded some critical state. The identification and determination of the 'micromechanical' parameters require a hybrid methodology of combined testing and numerical simulation. Different from classical fracture mechanics, this procedure is not subject to any size requirements for the specimens as long as the same fracture phenomena occur. (orig.)
The Impact of Dysfunctional Families and Sexual Abuse on the Psychological Well-being of Adolescent Females in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Research Note

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Owing to fear to report abuse to significant others (e.g. educators), research highlighted that abused female youth tend to be submissive and experience impaired self- acceptance and negative relationships with others. The aim of the study was to investigate the circumstances under which sexually abused adolescent females engage in risk-taking activities. The research used a qualitative method to collect data from 8 purposively sampled participants (aged 15-18 years) from one secondary school in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Results indicated that sexually abused youth are susceptible to neuroticism and substance abuse. In recommendation, the community should be pro-active in ending abuse.
performance: Integrating mathematical and cognitive modeling. Cognitive Science. Running head: SUSTAINED ATTENTION PERFORMANCE WITH FATIGUE Sleep Deprivation and Sustained Attention Performance: Integrating Mathematical and Cognitive Modeling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Changes from Fatigue 2 A long history of research has revealed many neurophysiologic changes and concomitant behavioral impacts of sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, and circadian rhythms. Little research, however, has been conducted in the area of computational cognitive modeling to understand the information processing mechanisms through which neurobehavioral factors operate to produce degradations in human performance. Our approach to understanding this relationship is to link predictions of overall cognitive functioning, or alertness, from existing biomathematical models to information processing parameters in a cognitive architecture, leveraging the strengths from each to develop a more comprehensive explanation. The integration of these methodologies is used to account for changes in human performance on a sustained attention task across 88 hrs of total sleep deprivation. The integrated model captures changes due to time awake and circadian rhythms, and also provides an account for underlying changes in the cognitive processes that give rise to those effects. The results show the potential for developing mechanistic accounts of how fatigue impacts cognition, and illustrate the increased explanatory power that is possible by
The Effect of Investigators’ Perception of the Importance of Investigative Elements on Their Intention to Use Profiling: Mediating Effect of Attitude toward Profiling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

프로파일링은 국내 범죄심리학의 대표적인 활용 영역으로 인식되고 있으며, 경찰청 프로파일러는 확고한 직업군으로 자리 잡고 있다. 그러나 사회적 인지도와 비교하면 정작 경찰 내부에서의 인식이나 활용도는 높지 않은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 강력사건 발생 시 프로파일러에게 프로파일링을 요청하고 활용하는 수사관의 인식을 파악하여 프로파일링 활용 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 수사관들이 범죄 수사과정에서 고려하는 요소들에 대한 중요도 인식과 프로파일링에 대한 태도가 프로파일링 활용 의도에 미치는 관계를 경로모형을 통해 검증했다. 경찰수사관 340명을 대상으로 조사한 결과, 수사관의 수사요소에 대한 중요도 인식은 규범적 수사(증거수집과 법적 판단 등)와 사실적 수사(범죄자 분석, 범죄정보 시스템 분석 등) 중요도의 2가지 요인으로 구분되었으며, 이 중 사실적 수사 중요도가 프로파일링에 대한 태도를 매개하여 활용 의도에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 규범적 수사 중요도의 경우 프로파일링에 대한 태도에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 수사관이 자신의 주 업무 영역인 수사에 대해 가지는 인식이 프로파일링에 대한 태도뿐 아니라 프로파일링 요청 여부를 결정하는 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 프로파일링 이용 활성화에 필요한 전략을 논의하였다.
A Study of the Correlation between Brain-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Levels & Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) in Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A significant proportion of patients diagnosed as heart failure have preserved ejection fraction. However, the differentiation between heart failure with reduced & preserved ejection fraction is difficult. The objectives of the study include: To assess the BNP levels in both patients with Heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction and those with reduced LV ejection fraction. To study the correlation between the BNP levels and LVEF in both the groups and to ascertain whether BNP can be an useful tool in diagnosis of Heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction]. Methods: The medical records of young patients (20–40 years) admitted during the two years 2014 & 2015 and diagnosed with Heart Failure were scrutinized in an attempt to determine the proportion of patients with preserved vs reduced ejection fraction and to assess the relationship between their Brain-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels & Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) in both the groups. Results: After Statistical analysis, it was found that around 36% of heart failure patients had preserved ejection fraction. There was a negative correlation between BNP levels & LVEF in both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) as well as that with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Majority of patients in HFpEF group were females. Mean BNP level in HFpEF group was significantly lower than that in the HFrEF group. Conclusion: Around one third of patients had Heart Failure with preserved systolic function, of which majority are females. There is a strong negative correlation between BNP levels and LVEF% in both the groups. Thus BNP levels can be used in the differentiation of HFpEF and HFrEF.
Experiences with the JPL telerobot testbed: Issues and insights

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Telerobot Testbed is an integrated robotic testbed used to develop, implement, and evaluate the performance of advanced concepts in autonomous, tele-autonomous, and tele-operated control of robotic manipulators. Using the Telerobot Testbed, researchers demonstrated several of the capabilities and technological advances in the control and integration of robotic systems which have been under development at JPL for several years. In particular, the Telerobot Testbed was recently employed to perform a near completely automated, end-to-end, satellite grapple and repair sequence. The task of integrating existing as well as new concepts in robot control into the Telerobot Testbed has been a very difficult and timely one. Now that researchers have completed the first major milestone (i.e., the end-to-end demonstration) it is important to reflect back upon experiences and to collect the knowledge that has been gained so that improvements can be made to the existing system. It is also believed that the experiences are of value to the others in the robotics community. Therefore, the primary objective here will be to use the Telerobot Testbed as a case study to identify real problems and technological gaps which exist in the areas of robotics and in particular systems integration. Such problems have surely hindered the development of what could be reasonably called an intelligent robot. In addition to identifying such problems, researchers briefly discuss what approaches have been taken to resolve them or, in several cases, to circumvent them until better approaches can be developed.
Chlorpyrifos (from different sources): Effect on Testicular Biochemistry of Male Albino Rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Organophosphates are known primarily as neutrotoxins. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by organophosphates may be involved in the toxicity of various pesticides. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of three trade names of chlorpyrifos (CPF) pesticide, from different local manufactures ( chlorozan (K) pestpan (W) and pyriban (H)) on testicular weight , testicular oxidative stress and some testicular biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Methods: Three compounds (K, W and H) were administrated orally to rats at dose of 23.43, 21.40 and 17.43 mg/kg b.w., respectively (which represent the 1/4 LD 50 ) with 5 doses per week for 28 days. Twenty- four hours after the last treatment the rats were sacrificed using anesthetic ether. Testes were collected , cleaned and weighed. Right testes were fractionated and supernatant of testicular homogenate was obtained by centrifugation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total glutathione, activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase and total protein were measured. Moreover, the left tests were histologically examined. Results: The testes weights were significantly decreased in (W) group only. Chlorpyrifos treatments (K, W and H) alter markedly the testicular lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, while, the decline in the total glutathione (GSH) was occurred only in (W and H) groups, in comparing with the control group. Also, there was significant decrease in the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatase (ALP and ACP) and lactate dehydrohenase (LDH) in all treated groups. Total protein (TP) level exhibited an elevation in testicular tissue in comparison with the control group. Treatment-dependent histopathological changes were seen in testes of CPF-W group only. Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) alters testicular functions possibly by induction of testicular oxidative stress and inhibition of the activities of marker enzymes, thereby disrupting male reproduction. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):252-261). (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Metal–Organic\nFramework Microsphere Formulation\nfor Pulmonary Administration

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although nanoscaled metal–organic\nframeworks (nanoMOFs)\nare promising drug carriers, their appropriate formulation remains\nalmost unexplored and basically restricted to intravenous routes.\nLungs, beneficiating from a large absorption surface and low enzymatic\npresence, are a very attractive target for both local and systemic\ndelivery. However, pulmonary nanoMOF formulation is a pending and\ndefying task. Thus, we propose a pioneer nanoMOF-based microsphere\nsystem as a potential platform for pulmonary administration. A biocompatible\nnanoMOF was successfully encapsulated in mannitol by a simple and\ncontinuous spray-drying technique. Upon intratracheal administration\nto rats, the resulting formulation, exhibiting optimal properties\n(<i>i.e</i>., homogeneity, size, density, and spray-drying\nprocess yield), was able to release the intact nanoMOF carrier uniformly\nalong the lungs, reaching the bronchioles and alveoli.
No System of Justice: At the Margins with Toni Morrison’s Intertextual Characters

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“No System of Justice: At the Margins with Toni Morrison’s Intertextual Characters,” reads Morrison’s novel through the lens of her first novel, The Bluest Eye, in which a young mother cannot love the daughter she finds “ugly.” Eaton argues that ugliness becomes a code word for, particularly the blackness of very dark-skinned African Americans. Throughout her eleven novels, Morrison never wavers in her conviction that a formal justice system cannot heal the traumas of mothers and children torn apart by slavery, Jim Crow, endemic racism, and internalized racial self-hatred. Morrison employs intertextual characters between novels, including Pecola and Lula Ann, that emphasize her disdain for formal justice and her fascination with characters existing in extra-narrative spaces. Eaton explores Morrison’s rejection of institutional justice through the lens of lawyer/theorist Patricia J. Williams, as well as through Morrison’s essays on the Anita Hill/Clarence Thomas hearings and on the O.J. Simpson trial.
The Making of a Modern Art World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Making of A Modern Art World explores the artistic institutions and discursive practices prevailing in Republican Shanghai, aiming to reconstruct the operational logic and the stratified hierarchy of Shanghai's art world. Using guohua as the point of entry, this book interrogates the discourse both of guohua itself, and the wider discourse of Chinese modernism in the visual arts. In the light of the sociological definition of 'art world', this book contextualizes guohua through focusing on the modes of production and consumption of painting in Shanghai, examining newly adopted modern artistic practices, namely, art associations, periodicals, art colleges, exhibitions, and the art market.