jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing Methods for Caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium Isolates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We investigated the relevance of prominent reduction in turbidity macroscopically (MIC) and formation of aberrant hyphal tips microscopically (minimum effective concentration; MEC) in measuring the in vitro activity of caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium . Caspofungin generated low MICs and MECs against Aspergillus , but not for Fusarium . While MICs increased inconsistently when the incubation time was prolonged, MEC appeared as a stable and potentially relevant endpoint in testing in vitro caspofungin activity.
Chemical and Biochemical Onslaught of Anthropogenic Airborne Species on the Heritage Monument of the Taj Mahal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The science on the anthropogenic airborne aerosols impacting the World Heritage marble monument, the Taj Mahal, at Agra, has been studied in the light of modern physico-chemical approaches. The study is an effort to understand unrecognized airborne species which were found on the surface of the Taj Mahal monument. These species have been analyzed in the light of current analytical methods to impart characterization features and their possible impacts on the surface of the marble. Chemical constituents of these substrates, which were incorporated over the top surface of the monument, have been identified. Interestingly, the carbon particulates which were found on the micro level, popularly called “particulate matters”, have now been identified in the nano domain entity, which is chemically more reactive, and have been found on the surface of the monument. Because of their high chemical activity, these nano carbons have a newer chemistry in the presence of air and sunlight, generating several reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are capable of responding to complicated chemical reactions on the surface of the marble in association with deposited cyanophyceae and other deposits of plant origin, causing rapid degradation. This study provides the nature of the onslaught of such monuments exposed under the prevalent smoggy environmental scenario.
Rozmieszczenie oraz nowe stanowiska Hypoganus inunctus (PANZER, 1794) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) w Polsce. / Distribution and new records of Hypoganus inunctus (PANZER, 1794) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Poland.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data on the occurrence of Hypoganus inunctus in Poland is summarized. This species is rather rarely recorded in Poland, and is restricted to well preserved forests. All localities in Poland are known from areas located west of Vistula river.
Porphyric Neuropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The porphyrias represent a group of metabolic disorders caused by enzymatic defects in the biosynthesis of heme. As a group they include inherited and acquired disorders in which activities of enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway are partially deficient. The porphyrias are classified as either hepatic or erythroid, depending on the principal site of expression of the enzymatic defect. The four hepatic porphyrias [acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria,variegate porphyria, and 8-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase deficiency] associated with neuropathy, referred to as the porphyric neuropathies, are the focus of this chapter (Table 17-1). These disorders have been poorly understood by most clinicians, and often go unrecognized until recurrent attacks or involvement of other organ systems suggest the diagnosis. The severity of neurologic involvement, and the availability of potential treatments or avoidance of provocative factors, makes identification important.
Physicochemical Characterization of Pituitary Growth Hormone.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysicochemical Characterization of Pituitary Growth Hormone.Choh Hao LiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1947, 51, 1, 218–228Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/j150451a017Request reuse permissions Article Views37Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (469 KB) Get e-Alerts
Abstract 180: Expanding the definition of core binding factor leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The core binding factor (CBF) transcription factor complex regulates coding and non-coding genes that play a critical role in hematopoiesis. Chromosomal rearrangements involving the two CFB subunits, RUNX1 and CFB beta, are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The fusion proteins resulting from these rearrangements deregulate the transcription of RUNX1-target genes, including microRNAs critical for KIT-mediated proliferation (e.g. miR-221) and myeloid differentiation (e.g. miR-223). We found that overexpression of miR-17, which downregulates RUNX1 level by targeting RUNX1-UTR, recapitulates the biological effects of CBF-AML fusion proteins by affecting the transcription of common coding and non-coding RUNX1-targets. Consistently, increased levels of miR-17 can be detected in AML patient samples displaying increased KIT level, but without evidence of CBF mutations. Based on these finding, we propose that the definition of CBF-AML leukemia can be expanded to accommodate leukemia induced not only by genetic factors but also epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs targeting RUNX1. Acknowledgements: Funding for this study was provided by a Roswell Park Alliance Foundation award, the University of Rochester-RPCI pilot grant, and the Mark Diamond Research Fund. Citation Format: John A. Fischer, Stefano Rossetti, Arani Datta, Alessandro Beghini, Nicoletta Sacchi. Expanding the definition of core binding factor leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-180
Over-expression of shh is prognostic marker in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recent studies have reported that the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role during tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and cellular differentiation in various malignancies including lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of Shh pathway as prognostic markers in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 36 patients with ES-SCLC between 2008 and 2012 in Yonsei Cancer Center. Using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of primary tumors, immunohistochemistry was done for Gli1, Patched, Shh1, and Smo. We performed survival analysis to find out the prognostic impact of these markers. Results: All the 36 patients were treated with platinum based doublet chemotherapy. Median progression free survival and median overall survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 6.5-7.3) and 11.7 months (95% CI, 9.1-14.3), respectively. Overall response rate was 84%. Of the 36 specimens examined, the overexpression of Gli1, Patched, Shh, and Smo was found in 12 (33.3%), 5 (13.9%), 5 (13.9%), and 6 (16.7%), respectively. We found that high expression of Shh was associated with worse progression free survival (6.3 vs. 7.6 months, p < 0.01) and overall survival (9.2 vs. 12.0 months), whereas other markers were not related to the prognosis of patients. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the relationship between components of the Shh signaling pathway and prognosis in SCLC. We found that a high proportion of tumors expressed proteins related to this pathway, and over-expression of Shh was correlated with worse survival in this analysis. Shh signaling in SCLC requires further investigation using a larger sample size. Legal entity responsible for the study: IRB. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
TREATMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND QTC INTERVAL DURATION THROUGH CLINICAL PRACTICE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This clinical case presents the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) with improvement levels of daily average blood pressure (BP) in comparison with the initial level at the background of increasing the proportion of elongated corrected interval QTc and a violation of the average daily profile. The patient K. receiving ramipril in the morning 5 mg and 10 mg evening after 3 months during the control of daily monitoring of BP and ECG there is a decrease of average daily SBP and DBP daily average. Normalization of the average daily profile of DBP from «excessive degree of nocturnal BP reduction «in the» normal degree of nocturnal BP reduction». At the same time, however, there is an increase in the number of episodes of lengthening the interval corrected QTc and increase the proportion of elongated corrected interval QTc as well as the conversion of the average daily profile SBP «excessive degree of nocturnal BP reduction» in the «insufficient degree of nocturnal BP reduction», which increases the risk of acute cardiovascular events and requires further adjustment of therapy. This case demonstrates the individual patient's response to antihypertensive therapy in view of increased psycho-emotional stress associated with the specifics of her work.
Analysis of Viability Affecting on Genetic Integrity in Soybean Germplasm Zhonghuang 18 by AFLP Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using low temperature genebank is a main way for conserving crop germplasm resources. However,with the extension of storage time,the viability of seeds stored in the genebank will inevitably decline. Therefore,preserved seeds need to be regenerated periodically. In this study,soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 18 was used as a material and aged for different days (0,112,154,and 196 d) to obtain four populations G0-1,G0-2,G0-3,and G0-4. The germination percentages of the four populations were 98.0%,95.0%,81.0%,and 79.0%,respectively. These populations were regenerated twice in the field. The first descendant popu-lations were marked as G1-1,G1-2,G1-3,and G1-4,and the second were marked as G2-1,G2-2,G2-3,and G2-4,respectively. Population G0-1 was taken as the control. The genetic variation between the control and treated populations was detected using AFLP marker. Sixty individual seedlings derived from each population were detected by 12 AFLP primer combinations. The result showed that t-test probability values for allele frequencies were 1.00 between the control and treated populations,which indicated that there was no significant difference in the allele frequencies of the treated population compared with the control. The genetic similarity coefficient between population G2-4 and G0-1 was 0.9333,which manifested high genetic similarity between these two populations. The results of t-test showed that there was no significant difference in effective number of alleles per loci (Ae),index of genetic diversity (H),Shannon's information index (I) between the control G0-1 and G1-1,G2-1,G1-2,and G2-2. The index values of Ae,H,and I for the populations of G0-3,G0-4,G1-3,G1-4,G2-3,and G2-4 declined significantly compared with those of the control G0-1. The number of rare alleles for the populations G1-1,G2-1,G1-2,and G2-2 did not change significantly compared with that for the control G0-1 while that for populations of G0-3,G0-4,G1-3,G1-4,G2-3,and G2-4 declined greatly. Above results showed that the genetic diversity and the number of rare alleles for the descendant population of the populations with 98.0% and 95.0% germination percentages did not change significantly compared with those for the control G0-1,but declined significantly for the populations with 81.0% and 79.0% germination percentages. Therefore,the viability decline had a greater impact on the genetic composition of soybean population than the regeneration times. It was recommended that soybean seeds with initial germination percentage of 98.0% should be regenerated before its germination percentage declined to 81.0%.
The Dimension of Textile use in the Expression of Verbal Creativity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article investigates the Baltic pre-service Technology teachers' expression of verbal creativity in their final years of study and analyzes the constituent dimension of sustainable textile consumption. The students' verbal creativity was examined using a verbal expression questionnaire compiled following the methodological recommendations of E. P. Torrance for diagnosing a person’s creativity. The development of sustainable textile consumption is part of the Technological education curriculum analyzing responsible consumption issues that are becoming more complex. In most cases, education directly depends on the educator's knowledge, skills, values, habits, experience, and communication. The present research disclosed students – pre service teachers understanding that handicrafts are not related to ethnicity, values, or a phenomenon, which calls for exceptional protection. The integral model of tasks on identification/development of verbal creativity expression and identification/development of sustainable textile consumption was presented in the article.
Bare-Nucleus Perturbation Theory: Excited States of Hydrogen Molecule

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ground and excited Σ+ states of R = 1.4a0 are treated by perturbation theory. The full interelectronic repulsion is taken as the perturbation, and the energy of each of nine states is calculated through third order. The equation for the first-order wavefunction is treated by the Hylleraas variational principle, using a linear variational function including up to 30 James–Coolidge basis functions. Comparisons with conventional linear variational calculations using the same basis functions, and with related calculations of other workers, are given. The perturbation results are in most cases superior to variation, especially when small basis sets are used, but it is noted that the inadequacy of the present basis set for excited states leads to slow convergence of the energies of both methods with addition of basis functions. The bare-nucleus Hamiltonian also becomes a worse starting point for higher states because of electronic shielding, as evidenced by slower convergence of the perturbation energy series. For the five states of the three lowest configurations, however, accuracy to about 1 kcal is obtained.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Musculoskeletal Infection Cases from a Tertiary Referral Center, Colorado, USA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nontuberculous mycobacteria represent an uncommon but important cause of infection of the musculoskeletal system. Such infections require aggressive medical and surgical treatment, and cases are often complicated by delayed diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed all 14 nonspinal cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial musculoskeletal infections treated over 6 years by orthopedic surgeons at a university-affiliated tertiary referral center. All patients required multiple antimicrobial agents along with aggressive surgical treatment; 13 of 14 patients ultimately achieved cure. Four patients required amputation to control the infection. Half these patients were immunosuppressed by medications or other medical illness when they sought care at the referral center. Six cases involved joint prostheses; all ultimately required hardware removal and placement of an antimicrobial spacer for eradication of infection. Our findings highlight the importance of vigilance for nontuberculous mycobacterial musculoskeletal infection, particularly in patients who are immunosuppressed or have a history of musculoskeletal surgery.
Optimization of Combustion and Emission Parameters in LHR Engines Using Mahua Oil Biodiesel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The study investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of Mahua oil in a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with retarded injection timing. Mahua oil, a non-edible biodiesel, was evaluated against conventional diesel in both coated and uncoated engine configurations. The engine coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) showed significant improvements. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 9.15%, and specific fuel consumption decreased by 6.23% compared to the standard uncoated engine. Emission analysis revealed a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC) by 20.35% and 12.28%, respectively. However, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased by 5.36% due to the higher combustion temperature induced by the PSZ coating. Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) also rose by 18.64%, highlighting enhanced combustion. The study concludes that Mahua oil, when used in an LHR engine with retarded injection timing and PSZ coating, offers improved efficiency and reduced emissions, making it a viable alternative to diesel in specific applications. Future work should explore the effects of varying compression ratios and different biodiesel blends to optimize engine performance further.
Alzheimers's disease: Epidemiological characteristics and its prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease that is of immense public health interest. Worldwide, according to data from 2018, the approximated number of people living with Alzheimer's was at a minimum 50 million. In the United States, according to data from 2021, there were as many as 6.2 million people age 65 and over living with Alzheimer's. In the last 20 years, Alzheimer's disease is being recorded 145.2% more frequently as the cause of death, partially due to the cause of death being more accurately attributed, but mostly due to the growing frequency of Alzheimer's disease due to the aging of the population. Based on years of life lost(YLL), Alzheimer's disease was the fourth, according to years of life with disability (YLD) nineteenth and according to the sum indicator DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years) sixth leading cause of burden amongst diseases in the USA in 2016. The nonmodifiable risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease are age, genetics, and family history, while the modifiable risk factors are smoking, diabetes, midlife obesity, hypertension, prehypertension, high cholesterol, insufficient physical activity, unhealthy diet, shorter length of formal education, low level of mental stimulation at work, traumatic brain injury, poor sleep, alcohol abuse, and hearing impairment. It is estimated that by reducing the modifiable risk factors, 40% of cases of Alzheimer's dementia can be prevented or postponed. The biomarkers that can be used for early detection of this disease are betaamyloid protein that forms beta-amyloid plaques, abnormal tau protein accumulated inside neurons, the existence of brain inflammation and atrophy. While we wait for researchers to find a cure for this illness, it is important to raise awareness of available screening methods for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and prevention opportunities.
Tension between Journalistic and Entertainment Values in Live Soccer TV Commentary: The Commentator’s Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the tension between journalistic and entertainment values in live soccer TV commentary from the perspective of German commentators. We situate journalistic and entertainment values within the commentators’ wider understanding of their roles as sports journalists and commentators, looking at a specific type of sports journalist who has different responsibilities from the general sports reporter. We asked how soccer commentators assess the role of journalistic and entertainment values in their work, and what constraints they face, such as how the perceived expectations of their employer affect this assessment. We interviewed 28 TV commentators, one radio commentator, and one expert working for relevant German TV channels and streaming platforms, such as ZDF, Sky, and DAZN. While all interviewees see themselves as companions telling the story of the match, most commentators in the sample value journalistic values over entertainment values, a surprising finding in the hyper-commercialized world of sports television. Well-founded journalistic expertise and soccer knowledge are considered most important. However, this assessment depends on factors such as the broadcaster’s guidelines and the nature of the match. In summary, the role of the commentator is either an ‘objective mediator’ or an ‘emotional entertainer’, but this is a balancing act.
Regional-based static and dynamic alterations in Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability. Objective In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression. Methods The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions. Results The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions. Conclusion Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.