jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1097: Geographic Variation of Healthcare Expenditures Among U.S. Adults with Heart Failure, 2012-2022

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Heart failure is a public health burden that currently affects over 6 million individuals in the United States and is estimated to continue to increase over the coming decade. Despite improvements in clinical outcomes, heart failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality that place a significant financial strain on individuals and the healthcare system. However, little is known about the geographic variation in healthcare expenditures for heart failure. Methods: Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2012-2022 were used to estimate the national and regional (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) heart failure-attributable healthcare expenditures. A two-part model, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and time, was applied to estimate the total healthcare expenditures for individuals with heart failure, as well as service-specific expenditures, including inpatient stays, outpatient care, emergency room visits, physician office visits, home care visits, and prescription medication. Results: In the final sample, 1,180 adults (0.80%) were identified as having heart failure. After adjusting for demographics and clinical comorbidities, the estimated incremental cost of heart failure in adults was $7,586 ± 1571 per person. There was significant regional variation in total heart failure-related expenditures: the Midwest exhibited the highest total incremental costs at $10,309 ± 2,974, followed by the Northeast ($7,303 ± 1,530), the South ($6,467 ± 18.92), and the West ($6,371 ± 3,388), which had the lowest expenditures. Similar differences in incremental costs by geographic regions throughout the nation were exhibited in service-specific expenditures. Conclusion: Heart failure related healthcare expenditures varied throughout the nation, with the Midwest region experiencing higher expenditures. This variation highlights the need for target interventions in these specific states. Understanding the geographic differences in overall and service-specific expenditures will have important implications for resource allocation and healthcare policy, with the ultimate goal of reducing the financial burden on affected individuals.
Strategic directions for strengthening nursing and midwifery: potentialities and connections in the complex perspective

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective: to understand from the complex perspective the connections established between the Strategic Directions for Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery, delimited by the World Health Organization; to discuss the implications of these strategies for the investment of human resources in nursing and midwifery, with a view to strengthening the technical health capacity to face global health demands. Method: a documentary research, carried out from official WHO documents, from September to October 2019. A categorical analysis technique was performed, and the interpretation of the data was achieved based on the theoretical framework of Complexity. Results: three interdependent categories were defined, namely: challenges for the training of human resources in nursing and midwifery in order to meet the needs for global health; challenges for the development of the work of nursing and midwifery professionals in different contexts of practice; challenges for governments, leaders and health services to strengthen human resources in nursing and midwifery. Conclusion: the strategic directions corroborate the complex perspective because they value multidimensionality in the challenges for the professional practice of nurses and obstetricians. However, these challenges are also related to contextual, political, and leadership factors.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active 4‐Methyloxetan‐2‐one: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Diketene Catalyzed by binap‐Ruthenium(II) Complexes (binap = 2,2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient coded excitation beamforming system for medical ultrasound imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Conventional ultrasound medical imaging systems use simple high voltage pulses of around 200V peak to drive the ultrasound transducer to emit short ultrasonic pulses and multiple multi-bit analog to digital converters (ADC) to digitize the return echo signals, thus making it extremely challenging to integrate the transmit and receive electronic circuits onto a single chip. With coded excitation techniques, the necessary drive voltage can be reduced if the duration of the drive signal (coded signal in this case) is increased. Pulse compression techniques are used to compress the returned signal to achieve the high resolution needed for imaging. Oversampling sigma delta ADCs have much smaller silicon area compared to the equivalent multi-bit ADCs. The motivation of the project is to realize an efficient front-end transmit and receive system for medical ultrasound imaging, which takes advantage of the low drive voltage of the coded excitation method and the hardware efficiency of the sigma delta ADC, for possible single-chip implementation. An introduction of conventional ultrasound imaging systems was presented with details on the front-end transmit and receive electronics. Both time and frequency domain beamforming techniques were reviewed. Basic theory of the coded excitation system showing the possibility of low drive voltage without sacrificing signal to noise ratio and resolution were presented. Various applicable codes and pulse compression techniques were reviewed. The pre-compression method, which requires multiple compressor channels in parallel to compress the returned signals prior to beamforming, is capable of generating high quality artifact free images. The post-compression method, which uses only a single compression channel to compress the signal after beamforming, is more hardware efficient but gives rise to image artifacts in dynamic focusing. A two-stage compression technique, which can significantly reduce the post-compression artifacts in dynamic focusing, was proposed. Both simulation and phantom results were presented to show that the proposed technique in capable of producing artifact-free images.
Characterization of actin mRNA levels during BC3H1 cell differentiation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The expression of a vascular smooth muscle specific alpha-actin isoform can be induced in mouse BC3H1 smooth muscle cells by treating confluent monolayers with serum-free medium (Strauch, A. R., and Rubenstein, P. A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3152-3159; 7224-7229). Using blot hybridization techniques, two size classes of actin RNA were identified in BC3H1 cells with the relative amount of RNA in each size class varying according to the developmental state of the cells; a 2100-nucleotide actin RNA was most abundant in myoblasts, whereas a smaller 1500-nucleotide actin RNA was found predominantly in fully differentiated myocytes. Results of in vitro translation experiments suggested that the 2100-nucleotide actin RNA on blots of myoblast total RNA corresponded to a mixture of similar size transcripts encoding both beta- and gamma-actin, while the 1500-nucleotide actin RNA in myocytes was an alpha-actin mRNA. Cell-cell contact and serum withdrawal initiated a 6-fold increase in the level of alpha-actin mRNA in BC3H1 cells that was followed by a 3-fold decrease in the amount of beta- and gamma-actin mRNA when confluent cells were exposed to serum-free medium for prolonged periods. Vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin was the major alpha-actin isoform synthesized in L-[35S]cysteine-labeled BC3H1 myocytes, indicating that the 1500-nucleotide actin mRNA size class in these cells may be enriched for vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin transcripts.
Health Anxiety and Its Relationship to Thyroid-Hormone-Suppression Therapy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis; however, patients often need lifelong follow up, and they face potential side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate health anxiety among DTC patients and its relationship to TSH suppression. In 2020, patients from a previous cohort who were from Stockholm completed the 14-item Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI-14; 0–42; 18 being the threshold for clinical significance) and a study-specific questionnaire. Clinical information was also retrieved from medical records. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the TSH levels and the SHAI-14, while adjusting for potential confounders. In total, 146 (73%) patients were included. A total of 24 respondents (16%) scored 18 or more on the SHAI-14, and the mean score was 11.3. Patients with TSH levels of 0.1–0.5 (mE/L) scored, on average, 3.28 points more (p-value 0.01) on the SHAI-14 compared to patients with TSH levels > 0.5. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with TSH levels < 0.1 and TSH levels > 0.5. Thus, we found no linear relationship between the TSH values and health anxiety. Clinically significant levels of health anxiety are slightly higher than those in the general population, but do not appear to be a major psychiatric comorbidity among patients with DTC.
Role of glucose in daily torpor of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus): challenge of continuous in vivo blood glucose measurements

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Djungarian hamsters use daily torpor to save energy during winter. This metabolic downstate is part of their acclimatization strategy in response to short photoperiod and expressed spontaneously without energy challenges. During acute energy shortage, torpor incidence, depth, and duration can be modulated. Torpor induction might rely on glucose availability as acute metabolic energy source. To investigate this, the present study provides the first continuous in vivo blood glucose measurements of spontaneous daily torpor in short photoperiod-acclimated and fasting-induced torpor in long photoperiod-acclimated Djungarian hamsters. Glucose levels were almost identical in both photoperiods and showed a decrease during resting phase. Further decreases appeared during spontaneous daily torpor entrance, parallel with metabolic rate but before body temperature, while respiratory exchange rates were rising. During arousal, blood glucose tended to increase, and pretorpor values were reached at torpor termination. Although food-restricted hamsters underwent a considerable energetic challenge, blood glucose levels remained stable during the resting phase regardless of torpor expression. The activity phase preceding a torpor bout did not reveal changes in blood glucose that might be used as torpor predictor. Djungarian hamsters show a robust, circadian rhythm in blood glucose irrespective of season and maintain appropriate levels throughout complex acclimation processes including metabolic downstates. Although these measurements could not reveal blood glucose as proximate torpor induction factor, they provide new information about glucose availability during torpor. Technical innovations like in vivo microdialysis and in vitro transcriptome or proteome analyses may help to uncover the connection between torpor expression and glucose metabolism.
Experimental study on shear mechanical characteristics and its size effect of concrete joints based on BP neural network method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the shear mechanical characteristics and its size effect on concrete joints, this paper uses the RDS-200 shear test system developed by GCTS company to carry out the indoor direct shear tests on concrete joint specimens with five kinds of JRC and five grades of joint surface size under five normal stress conditions. The results show that the pre-peak shear stiffness of concrete joints is not significantly affected by JRC and normal stress, but is significantly affected by the joint surface size. The pre-peak shear stiffness decreases with the increase of joint surface size, when the joint surface size increases from 35 mm to 95 mm, the pre-peak shear stiffness of specimens with JRC being 0 ∼ 2, 4 ∼ 6, 8 ∼ 10, 12 ∼ 14 and 16 ∼ 18 decreased by 66.96 %, 63.87 %, 71.67 %, 64.57 % and 66.32 %, respectively, with an average of 66.68 %. Moreover, with the increase of joint surface size, the decrease rate of pre-peak shear stiffness decreases gradually, which is basically exponential, that is because the pre-peak shear stiffness has negative size effect. In addition, the peak shear strength of concrete joints increases with the increase of normal stress and JRC, and the relationship between peak shear strength and normal stress conforms to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Furthermore, there is no obvious size effect on the peak shear strength of concrete joints in the range of 35–95 mm. An intelligent prediction method for predicting the peak shear strength and pre-peak shear stiffness of concrete joints considering JRC, joint surface size and normal stress was established. The prediction results show that the BP Neural Network optimized by genetic algorithm can effectively predict the peak shear strength and pre-peak shear stiffness of concrete joints, the average error of peak shear strength is about 4.91 %, and the average error of pre-peak shear stiffness is 9.37 %. The conclusions can provide some reference for the evaluation of shear instability of rock joints in surface and underground rock engineering.
ATTITUDE OF PATIENTS TOWARDS ORAL HYGIENE DURING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A study was performed to assess the attitude of the Orthodontic patients towards maintenance of oral hygiene. A questionnaire was put forth to 100 patients who were undergoing Orthodontic therapy to evaluate the oral hygiene aid they used. The patient's oral hygiene practices before starting Orthodontic therapy had been compared with the oral hygiene measures taken during orthodontic therapy to see if they have increased their efforts at maintaining oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Results showed that though there was a significant improvement in most of the patients, there were still a group of patients who have taken no additional efforts to improve on their oral hygiene practices.
Abstract P458: Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome or Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Lorcaserin: A Pooled Cohort Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and even modest weight loss can contribute to its reduction. Lorcaserin, a selective 5HT 2C receptor agonist, is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity in adults with obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ) or overweight (BMI 27-29.9 kg/m 2 and at least 1 weight-related comorbidity). Using the 2013 ACC/AHA 10-year CVD risk assessment pooled cohort equation, we examined risk change in patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) undergoing treatment with lorcaserin or placebo for weight loss. Methods: We identified patients with metabolic syndrome or T2DM in three randomized, double-blind studies (BLOOM, BLOSSOM, BLOOM-DM) examining the efficacy and safety of lorcaserin 10 mg bid (LOR) vs. placebo (PBO) at one year of treatment. Only patients with lipid values at baseline and one year were included. Once selected, patients were further stratified by weight loss at week 12 of treatment (≥5% vs. <5%). A CVD risk score >5% was classified as high risk, and a 0.5% change in risk over one year was defined as clinically relevant. CVD risk reduction by cohorts, overall and by gender, was compared. Results: Overall, 43% LOR (n=449/1056) and 20% PBO (n=207/1041) patients had > 5% weight reduction at week 12 (p<0.05). Baseline CVD risk was 5.43% and 5.14% in the LOR and PBO cohorts, respectively. At one year, PBO-corrected change in CVD risk compared to LOR treatment was -0.21% (95% CI 0.02, 0.04, p=0.03; LOR -0.55% vs -0.3% PBO) overall and -0.56% (95% CI 0.12, 0.99, p=0.012; LOR -1.08% vs PBO -0.41%) in men. CVD risk in women was <5% at baseline, with no significant change seen at one year. For 12-week responders, both LOR and PBO had a clinically relevant change in CVD risk overall (-0.81% and -0.79%) and for men (-1.71% vs -1.02%). For patients with <5% weight loss, only men in the LOR cohort showed clinically relevant CVD risk changes (-0.57% vs -0.26%, respectively). Conclusion: The analysis suggests that patients with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome/T2DM at risk for CVD, and treated with LOR, experienced a significant CVD risk reduction at one year vs PBO, most notably among men. LOR can effectively reduce weight, which is associated with improvements in CVD risk.
Management of Financial Services Marketing: Issues andPerceptions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim is to identify those areas of marketing in the financial services sector that deserve to be given priority attention. A number of marketing areas are identified and assessed on their scope for improvement, the ease with which they can be changed and also on the sensitivity of the performance of the organisation to an improvement in the area. The perspective is that of senior financial services marketing managers. The managers picked out pricing policy as one factor deserving to be given the highest priority. Improvements here are possible and, in addition, will show up in better company performance. Two other factors considered to be worth priority attention are the customer interface and marketing influence, although both are thought to be more difficult to change than pricing policy. Improvements in the new product development strategy area, whilst likely to produce significant improvements in company performance, were the hardest of all to achieve.
The role of coenzyme Q10 in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in pathogenesis as well as progression of all cancers including breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible protective effects of coenzyme Q10, an antioxidant agent, on Doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients, we also investigated the role of coenzyme Q10 on oxidative stress. Sixty-four women having histologically confirmed breast cancer participated in this study. The patients divided into two groups. Group (A) who treated with coenzyme Q10 supplement in addition to chemotherapy adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide (AC). Group (B) treated with chemotherapy only. In this study, serum coenzyme Q10, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), complete blood count (CBC), serum ALT, AST, creatine kinase (CK), renal functions (serum creatinine and urea), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), high sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were determined. Ejection Fraction (EF) was determined by echocardiography for all participants at baseline as well as post treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 23, USA for WINDOWS, results are defined as mean ± standard deviation SD. Serum coenzyme Q10, total antioxidant status (TAS) were low at baseline in both groups, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels had decreased significantly after supplementation with coenzyme Q10. The reduction in EF was more pronounced in group B at the end of the work. The present study demonstrated that women with breast cancer have a low level of coenzyme Q10 as compared to those of healthy women. It also emphasizes the growing concern that oxidative damage may occur in those patients that exhaust the antioxidant defense of the body leading to a low levels of Coenzyme Q10 and TAS and increasing in inflammatory markers as well as oxidative stress markers which lead to cardiotoxicity. Administration of antioxidant supplements such as a coenzyme Q10 is necessary in women with breast cancer postoperative with adjuvant chemotherapy to minimizes its cardiotoxicity.
Transaction scheduling in firm real-time database systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A growing number of database applications are having to meet real-time requirements. These timing requirements may be expressed at the database system interface by assigning completion deadlines to transactions. In this thesis, we study the problem of transaction scheduling in database systems supporting such real-time applications. In particular, we focus on applications with firm deadlines. Firm-deadline applications consider transactions that do not complete by their deadlines to be worthless and therefore discard late transactions. Within the firm-deadline context, two cases that differ in the utility associated with completing a transaction before its deadline are examined here. In the same-value case, all transactions have equal utility from the application's perspective and the goal of the real-time database system is to maximize the number of in-time transactions. In the multiple-value case, different transactions have different utilities to the application and the goal of the real-time database system is to maximize the total value of the in-time transactions.
In this thesis, we present new real-time concurrency control protocols and priority assignment policies for transaction scheduling in the same-value and the multiple-value cases. The concurrency control protocols are based on the optimistic approach to maintaining database consistency. The priority policies are based on simple real-time scheduling observations and adapt their priority assignment to match the database operating environment. Results from a wide range of simulation experiments indicate that the real-time optimistic concurrency control protocols are fundamentally better suited than their locking-based counterparts to the firm-deadline environment. The results also show that the adaptive priority policies provide better performance than fixed priority policies. In particular, for the multiple-value case, priority policies that adaptively change the relative importance of transaction values and deadlines deliver considerably better performance than policies that establish fixed tradeoffs between these characteristics.
In summary, this thesis sheds light on issues involved in real-time transaction scheduling, and presents new scheduling algorithms that come closer to meeting the challenges of the real-time domain.
Domestic politics in Japan's free trade agreement (FTA) policy : the trans-pacific partnership (TPP) as case study

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is widely acknowledged that an exploration of mass attitudes about trade is essential to the contemporary political economy of trade liberalization, and there are powerful empirical studies addressing this issue Two of the most famous trade theory models are developed to explain trade policy preferences of individuals and industries. However, despite with the existing literature and models, the puzzle with respect to how interest groups with different trade policy preferences interplay with each other and with governments, promoting or impeding the progress of FTA policy, is not solved. The dissertation attempts to provide analysis on the interactions between interest groups and the government when looking at Japan's FTA policy. We argue that Japan has constantly faced challenges from its domestic politics, particularly opposing camps, in promoting trade liberalization in its FTA policy. The dissertation particular examines the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) to better examine the responses and reactions of Japanese interest groups to FTA policy.