jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of excessive nitrogen nutrition on free and conjugated polyamines content of leaves and berries of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. during their development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p style="text-align: justify;">Nitrogen is the most important element for higher plants, and plant productivity is to a large extend determined by nitrogen nutrition. Effects of nitrogen nutrition on levels of polyamines in leaves and grappes of two vines (Semillon and Sauvignon) are studied at different stages of their development (flowering, fruit set process, veraison and maturity). Two N-fertilizations are compared : N0 (0 kgN/ha/year) and N90 (90 kgN/ha/year). Analysis concerned the total level of nitrogen and polyamines (free and conjugates). Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine and diaminopropane) were derived by dansylation and analysed by CLHP. The results show that N-nutrition induces major changes in the total level of nitrogen and polyamines in various parts of plants. In all organs, excess of N-nutrition increases the total level of nitrogen. Concerning polyamines, these changes differe according to tissue and stage of development. In flowers and green berries, N-excess increases free polyamines whereas in berries during maturation N-excess increases total level of polyamines and particularly free and wall-bound polyamines. In opposite, in leaves, total level of polyamines increases under N-deficiency. These results reflect different rates of metabolism of polyamines between tissues. They suggest that in berries a restricted polyamines synthesis induced by nitrogen deficiency; whereas in leaves, N-deprivation can induce an accumulation of putrescine as do many others stress. The roles of polyamines in berries and in leaves are discussed.</p>
Willingness-to-Pay for Information: Experiex-post, have been developed to mitigate or eliminate the overstatement of hypothetical willingness to pay. The ex-ante approach addresses hypothetical bias in the survey design stage while the ex-post approach addresses hypothetical bias with follow-up questions to the hypothetical willingness to pay question. We find that willingness to pay estimates are similar when either the ex-ante or ex-post approach is employed. We argue the approaches should be considered as complements and not substitutes. Employing both approaches to mitigate hypothetical bias we estimate that the annual benefits of the regional amenities associated with a green energy program in North Carolina are $186 million.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Hypothetical Bias, Willingness to Pay, Green Energy
LHD Langmuir4 #147827.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Weiss-Weinstein lower bound for maneuvering target tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Typically, the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) is the performance bound of choice in tracking applications. This is primarily due to the availability of a computationally efficient recursive formulation of the bound. It has been shown, however, that this bound is weak in certain applications. Weiss-Weinstein lower bound (WWLB) is another second-order error bound that is free from the regularity conditions and it is applicable in a wide range of problems. In addition, it has free variables that can be tuned to get tighter bounds. In this paper, we develop the WWLB for maneuvering target tracking. In particular, we utilize the ability of the WWLB to handle continuous and discrete random variables: target motion model is represented by a separate discrete variable and the bound is calculated over the continuous state and discrete motion model variables. The bound is tightened by optimizing with respect to the free variables.
Height and growth habit of Norway spruce rooted cuttings compared between two serial propagation cycles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rooted cuttings from 10 Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) clones, arising from both second and third serial propagation cycles, were established in a field trial. Total height was measured annually for 6 years, while growth habit was measured for the first 5 years. Results of analyses for height revealed (i) significant clonal variance at each age, (ii) no differences between propagation cycles at any age, and (iii) a significant clone × propagation cycle interaction at all ages. A similar variation pattern existed for growth habit: (i) significant clonal variance at each age; (ii) propagation cycle differences were significant only at age 2; and (iii) the clone × propagation cycle interaction was significant only at ages 1,3, and 4.
Stochastic Interpretation of Quasilinear Parabolic Systems with Cross Diffusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct a stochastic interpretation of the generalized solution of the Cauchy problem for a strongly coupled system of quasilinear parabolic equations. To this end we derive a system of stochastic equations and prove that its solution allows us to construct a probabilistic representation of the original Cauchy problem solution and investigate its properties. Our construction of a probabilistic representation of the generalized solution of the Cauchy problem is crucially based on results of stochastic flow theory.
Limited Insurance within the Household: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In developing countries, unexpected income shocks are common but informal insurance is typically incomplete. An important question is therefore whether risk-sharing within the household is effective. This paper presents results from a field experiment with 142 married couples in Kenya in which individuals were given random income shocks. Even though the shocks were small relative to lifetime income, men increase private consumption when they receive the shock but not when their wives do, a rejection of efficiency. Such behavior is not specific to the experiment—both spouses spend more on themselves when their labor income is higher. (JEL D14, D81, G22, O12, O16)
Catastrophic complications of PVL‐MRSA necrotizing pneumonia presenting as respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis, case report and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Panton‐Valentine leucocidin toxin‐producing methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus is an important uncommon cause of community‐acquired pneumonia; we describe a case of necrotizing pneumonia presenting as respiratory failure necessitating early initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis, awareness, prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial due to possible significant pathology.
Gastrin-Enhanced Tumor Growth of a Xenotransplantable Human Gastric Carcinoma in Nude Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A human tumor line serially transplantable in nude mice, originating from a well-differentiated papillo-tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach, was established. The growth of this tumor was enhanced by daily injection of C-terminal tetrapeptide gastrin into the mice. Although there was little difference in histology, the gastrin-stimulated tumor had larger glandular spaces filled with mucin-like substance than the control tumor. 3H-thymidine uptake of the gastrin stimulated tumor was higher than that of control, as shown by microradiography and counting of radioactivity in tissue homogenates. The plasma membrane fraction of the tumor revealed positive binding for gastrin and the cytosol fraction contained cyclic AMP dependent- and independent protein kinases. Incubation of tumor slices with gastrin caused a conformational change in the enzymes. Therefore we conclude that this G4 tumor line xenotransplantable in nude mice is sensitive to gastrin in its trophic and secretory mechanisms.
Impact of left coronary artery bifurcation angle on computed tomography derived fractional flow reserve in normal coronary artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Computed-tomography (CT) derived fractional-flow-reserve (FFRCT) decreases from the proximal to the distal part of vessel due to the influence of various factors. The energy loss due to the bifurcation angle may potentially contribute to a progressive FFRCT decline. However, the association of the bifurcation angle with FFRCT is still not entirely understood. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the impact of various bifurcation angles on FFRCT decline below the clinically crucial pathological value of 0.80 in normal coronary arteries. Methods A total of 83 consecutive patients who underwent both CT angiography including FFRCT and invasive coronary angiography, resulting in normal coronary arteries were evaluated. ΔFFRCT was defined as the magnitude of the change in FFRCT from the proximal to the distal vessel in the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX). Both LAD angle and LCX bifurcation angle were measured as the crossing angle between the centrelines of the left main trunk and each coronary artery (LAD or LCX) on the 3-dimensional volume rendered image of the coronary artery tree (Figure 1). Vessel length, lumen volume, non-calcified plaque volume, and calcified plaque volume were assessed. Results Bifurcation angle was significantly lower in LAD angle (LAD angle, 31.1 ± 6.6°; LCX angle, 42.8 ± 14.9°, p &lt; 0.0001). FFRCT showed a continuous gradual decline from the proximal to the distal in both LAD (from 0.95 ± 0.03 to 0.81 ± 0.06) and LCX (from 0.96 ± 0.03 to 0.88 ± 0.06). ΔFFRCT was significantly greater in LAD angle (LAD angle, 0.13 ± 0.06; LCX angle, 0.08 ± 0.05, p &lt; 0.0001) ΔFFRCT was significantly correlated with each bifurcation angle (LAD angle, r = 0.35, p = 0.001; LCX angle, r = 0.26, p = 0.02) and vessel length (LAD angle, r = 0.30, p = 0.005; LCX angle, r = 0.49, p &lt; 0.0001) (Figure 2A). In LAD, vessel length was the strongest predictor for distal FFRCT of ≤ 0.80 (β-coefficient = 0.56, p = 0.0002), immediately followed by the bifurcation angle (β-coefficient = 0.24, p = 0.02). The bifurcation angle was a good predictor for a distal FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (LAD angle, cut-off 31.0°, AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.58–0.83, sensitivity 74%, specificity 68%; LCX angle, cut-off 52.6°, AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.96, sensitivity 88%, specificity 85%) (Figure 2B). Conclusions The change in FFRCT depended on the bifurcation angle. In normal coronary arteries, vessel length was the most influential factor on FFRCT, immediately followed by the bifurcation angle.
Results of low‐level laser therapy in the treatment of hair growth: An Egyptian experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently, low level laser therapy was evaluated as an effective stimulating hair growth. Hair loss is the most common complaint in dermatology (specially females). It causes a significant psychosocial distress and decreased quality of life in affected patients and exists in different types, but the most common types are androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium (TE). Although there are many treatments with highest levels of medical evidence, but patients who exhibit intolerance or poor response to these treatments need additional treatment modalities. To evaluate the efficacy and safety low level laser therapy for female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and TE. A prospective interventional study included 20 female patients, 13 were diagnosed as FPHL, and 7 were diagnosed TE. Patients received two sessions per week with Hair Growth System (TOPHAT655) a bicycle-helmet type device. Treatment session of 20 minutes for 16 successive weeks (total of 32 treatments) with follow-up. Patients were evaluated by software-analyzed trichoscopic images, as the primary endpoint was the percent increase in hair counts from baseline to post-treatment. Global photography and patient satisfaction were determined as a secondary end point. Twenty patients completed the study (13 FPHL, 7 TE). FPHL patients baseline hair counts were 222.3 ± 33.5 (N = 13), in TE patients baseline hair counts were 271.2 ± 39.0 (N = 7). Post-treatment hair counts were 255.3 ± 30.4 (N = 13) In FPHL patients (P = .007), and 294.2 ± 38.1 (N = 7) in TE patients (P = .143). Low level laser therapy of the scalp at 655 nm significantly improved hair counts in FPHL, and there is no significance difference in TE patients with no serious adverse events. Additional studies should be considered to determine the long-term effects of low-level laser therapy treatment on hair growth and maintenance, and to optimize laser modality.
Syto® 60 Staining of Nucleic Acids in Gels v1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Invitrogen’s patented Syto dyes are cell-permeant cyanine dyes that bind to nucleic acids. Several Syto dyes are available with varying cell permeability, fluorescence enhancement upon binding to nucleic acids, excitation and emission spectra, and nucleic acid selectivity and binding affinity. The Syto 60 stain has absorption and fluorescence emission maxima of 652/678 nm. Nucleic acids stained with the Syto 60 stain can be detected and quantified on the Odyssey® Infrared and Odyssey Fc Imaging Systems using the 700 nm channel. In the procedures outlined, the Syto 60 dye was used to stain serial dilutions of a 1 kb DNA ladder and a 50 bp DNA ladder (New England Biolabs, P/N N3232 and N3236, respectively). Three methods are presented for staining of DNA in this technical note. The Syto 60 stain can be included in the DNA sample for detection using an Odyssey Imaging system.The Syto 60 stain can also be combined with ethidium bromide (EtBr) and included in the DNA sample for visualization on an Odyssey Imaging System and on a UV transilluminator; or the Syto 60 stain can be diluted and used alone as a post-electrophoresis gel stain. For additional information, see Imaging Nucleic Acid Gels on the Odyssey Fc Imager.
Perturbation Analysis of the Wholesale Energy Market Equilibrium in the Presence of Renewables

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the main challenges in the emerging smart grid is the integration of renewable energy resources (RER). The latter introduces both intermittency and uncertainty into the grid, both of which can affect the underlying energy market. An interesting concept that is being explored for mitigating the integration cost of RERs is Demand Response. Implemented as a time-varying electricity price in real-time, Demand Response has a direct impact on the underlying energy market as well. Beginning with an overall model of the major market participants together with the constraints of transmission and generation, we analyze the energy market in this paper and derive conditions for global maximum using standard KKT criteria. The effect of uncertainties in the RER on the market equilibrium is then quantified, with and without real-time pricing. Perturbation analysis methods are used to compare the equilibria in the nominal and perturbed markets. These markets are also analyzed using a game-theoretic point of view. Sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a unique Pure Nash Equilibrium in the nominal market. The perturbed market is analyzed using the concept of closeness of two strategic games and the equilibria of close games. This analysis is used to quantify the effect of uncertainty of RERs and its possible mitigation using Demand Response. Finally numerical studies are reported using an IEEE 30-bus to validate the theoretical results.
Role of calcium in neutrophil activation by Japanese encephalitis virus-induced macrophage derived factor.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The role of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in neutrophils stimulated with macrophage derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDF) produced following Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in mice was correlated with cell functions. MDF-induced Ca2+ influx from extracellular milieu and release from intracellular store resulted in rise of cytosolic Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner and was independent of protein kinase C. Macrophages and B cells did not show cytosolic Ca2+ changes while T lymphocytes showed slight rise when stimulated with MDF. Neutrophil chemotaxis in the absence of Ca2+ was slightly different from that in presence of Ca2+. Pretreatment of neutrophils with 3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoic acid-8-(diethylamine)-octylester (TMB-8) inhibited the chemotaxis. It was observed that superoxide production and degranulation by neutrophils after stimulation with MDF was not dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium, but stripping of intracellular calcium resulted in abrogation of neutrophil activation. Thus, mobilization of intracellular calcium seems to be necessary for neutrophil activation by MDF.
Brain Tumor And lung cancer Detection Using Segmentation & Morphological Operators

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical Image processing is a fast growing and demanding field. In recent years the image process mechanism are used widely in several medical areas for improving earlier detection and treatment stages, in which time factor is very important to detect the disease in the patient as possible as fast especially in various tumors such as lung cancer, brain tumor. So the Early detection of tumor is a challenging task as symptoms appear in the advanced stages of tumor. Brain tumor and lung cancer is a serious life-threatening diseases. Tumor detection helps to find the location and size of tumor. Brain tumor and lung cancer detection mainly involves four stages namely Image pre-processing, Image segmentation, optimization and feature extraction. In this paper we proposed an efficient method for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Segmentation method is used to separate the tumor area from background and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cancer cell in computerized tomography (CT) scan.
Medical triage for early detection of silicosis in a ceramic tile production plant

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Dust containing crystalline silica may cause silicosis, COPD and lung cancer even at low exposure levels. Since no therapy for silicosis is available, early detection is needed to avoid further exposure and progression of the disease. In the Netherlands a national surveillance programme including medical triage has been implemented to identify construction workers with silicosis. For that purpose a diagnostic model has been developed to predict the probability of silicosis by use of a short questionnaire and lung function [1]. In this study medical triage was applied in a ceramic tile production plant.

Methods: The diagnostic model was tailored to the company using historical exposure data. Of a total of 391 workers 353 (90%) participated in the study, 52 of whom (15%) had a high risk (sumscore ≥ 5) and were candidate for medical evaluation, including a low-dose high resolution CT-scan of the lungs.

Results: 48 of 52 workers (response 92%) were referred for clinical evaluation. Mean age was 52 (±5) yrs, number of pack years 28 (±21). Silicosis was found in 8 workers (17%), another 3 had an increased number of micronodules on CT (6%). In addition, COPD was present in 6 workers (13%): Gold I in 2 (one of whom had silicosis), Gold II in 3 and Gold III in 1 worker.

Conclusion: Medical triage followed by specific clinical evaluation in a population of tile plant workers was effective in the early detection of silicosis and yielded a high percentage of COPD. The results stress the need for exposure measures in the tile production industry.

References:

* 1. Suarthana E et al. A simple diagnostic model for ruling out pneumoconiosis among construction workers. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:595-601.
Making Videos from Images of Non-Rigid Objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project aims at creating intermediate views of a sparse sequence of aquatic images containing fishes. Our algorithm performs two main tasks: motion analysis and image-based rendering (IBR). The fish is considered as a nonrigid body made of ellipsoids which are observed under orthograpic projection. Their poses are recovered from the apparent contour of the fish. Actual images are then interpolated to generate virtual ones at different time slots. We have also investigated the image rendering problem in the case where the calibration matrix is not available.
Some Biological Aspects of the Himri Barbel, Barbus luteus, in the Intermediate Reaches of the Euphrates River

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth; length-weight, standard-, fork-, and total length relationships; age composition; sex ratios; age at first maturity; and fecundity of the himri, Barbus luteus, from different sites along the middle reaches of the Euphrates River were investigated. Von Bertalanffy's growth models were Lt = 54.71 (1-e0.110 (t+0.163)), Wt = 1252.833 (1-e0.127 (t+1.825))2.454 in males, and Lt = 56.93 (1-e0.105 (t+0.377)), Wt = 1395.363 (1-e0.107 (t-1.81))2.545 in females. Isometric growth was identified from length-weight relationships. Younger age groups dominated the catches, with identifiable ages ranged from II to VII years. Sexual ratios were unbiased and did not deviate from 1:1. Most fish reached sexual maturity within the second year of age.
Avoiding low-hanging fruit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to illustrate a tool I have developed and used to select and prioritize BPR projects. It is my experience that often, in an effort to build momentum on large-scale BPR endeavours, management focuses too long on easily achievable goals and puts off the tough but necessary projects. The Project Cost/Project Priority Matrix described here is a simple, but effective tool used to facilitate management and drive them toward more strategically significant projects. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) can be defined as the fundamental rethinking of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical areas of performance. BPR focuses on identifying vastly superior ways to perform business processes and has been used successfully in almost every industry and government to increase productivity and decrease costs. Nevertheless, despite the successes BPR achieves, it remains a challenging undertaking. And the climactic time in any BPR effort is the implementation phase. You've done the analysis and laid out the blueprint for the new model, but now comes the crucial question, ‘What do we do first?’ In this paper, I will discuss the process of selecting and implementing the new (sometimes called ‘To-Be’) process model and review a tool that I have used successfully to facilitate the decision-making process. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.