jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Retinitis Pigmentosa: Clinical Features, Imaging, and Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. The worldwide prevalence of the disease is 1/4000. The earliest symptom in RP is most commonly night blindness, followed by concentric visual field loss. Central vision loss occurs later in life due to cone dysfunction. Photoreceptor responses measured with an electroretinogram are reduced or undetectable. Optical coherence tomography shows a progressive loss of outer retinal layers and fundus autofluorescence imaging reveals alteration autofluorescence in a characteristic pattern. Mutations in more than 80 different genes have been associated with non-syndromic RP. The heterogeneity of RP makes it challenging to describe the clinical findings. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of RP.
The hsa_circRNA_102049 mediates the sorafenib sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating Reelin gene expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A growing body of research has illuminated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) plays an important role in the development of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The expression profiles of differential expressed genes (DEGs) and ncRNAs related to the sorafenib resistance in HCC cells were analyzed according to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataSets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Bioinformatics technology was used to construct the interaction network of DEGs and ncRNAs. Cell transfection, dual-luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) were used to study the mechanism of sorafenib resistance in HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells. The expression of reelin (RELN) and secretagogin (SCGN) were the only down-regulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. The results showed that RELN gene demethylation reversed the cytotoxic of sorafenib on HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells. Hsa_circRNA_102049 over-expression promoted the sensitivity of HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells to sorafenib, hsa_circRNA_102049 up-regulated the expression of RELN gene by sponging hsa-miR-214-3p. The resistance to sorafenib in RELN knockout HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells could be reverted by has-circRNA_102049. These findings support targeting of hsa_circRNA_102049 and RELN in sorafenib-treated HCC cells as a novel intervention, which is expected to overcome sorafenib resistance of HCC cells.
A Microeconometric Model of Intertemporal Substitution and Consumer Demand

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we investigate the relationship between within-period preferences and the degree of intertemporal substitution. We first present a theoretical discussion which argues that the form of within-period preferences and the way these differ across consumers may have important consequences for the formulation and specification of intertemporal models. We then apply this methodology to a detailed study of disaggregate household expenditure patterns using a pooled cross-section of some 70,000 households across 15 years. Our objective is to assess the degree of intertemporal substitution across different household types avoiding aggregation bias and accounting for nonadditive within-period preferences and nonlinearity in Engel curves.
A mechanism for the response of KRASG13D expressing colorectal cancers to EGFR inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous analysis of Phase 3 clinical trial data for colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab revealed that patients harboring a KRAS mutation did not benefit from treatment. This finding set the stage for one of the first examples of cancer personalized medicine. Confusingly, patients with a Glycine to Aspartic Acid mutation at amino acid 13 of KRAS (KRASG13D) appeared to respond positively to cetuximab, suggesting this mutation is an exception to the rule that KRAS mutations confer resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Oncologists have stated that the mechanism that explains why the KRASG13D mutation is an exception should be identified before KRASG13D colorectal cancer patients should be treated differently. We have recently elucidated this mechanism using mathematical modeling of the KRAS biochemical system coupled with experimental biology. The mechanism we revealed involves a cetuximab-mediated reduction in HRAS and NRAS signaling within KRASG13D cancer cells, owing to impaired binding of KRASG13D to the tumor suppressor, Neurofibromin (NF1).
Stochastic resonance in symmetric double well: higher harmonics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The work deals with the phenomenon of Stochastic Resonance in its genuine model, proposed by B. McNamara and K. Wiesenfeld for explanation of long-term climatic changes on Earth. It is shown that in two state model the higher harmonics behave in a non-monotonous way with increase of the noise level, possessing one or more maxima. Explicit formulae for third and fifth harmonic amplitudes and corresponding SNR are obtained. Studied by other authors peculiarities, like dips and sharp peaks in output signal do not occur in two state model, thus they only exist in systems with continuous configuration space.
Is processing Kanji different from processing Kana? examinations of word frequency Effects for Kanji- and Kana-written words.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hino & Lupker (1998) は音読課題，語彙判断課題，および Go/No-Go音読課題を使って漢字単語とカタカナ単語の出現頻度効果を観察した。語彙判断課題では漢字・カタカナ単語ともにほぼ等しい大きさの出現頻度効果が観察されたのに対して，音読課題では，漢字単語の出現頻度効果のほうがカタカナ単語の効果よりも大きかった。また，被験者に刺激が単語であった場合のみ音読反応を求める Go/No-Go音読課題では，音読課題と同様，漢字単語の出現頻度効果がカタカナ単語の効果よりも大きく，さらにそれらの効果の大きさは語彙判断課題において観察されたものよりも大きかった。これらの結果は漢字単語とカタカナ単語の音韻検索は同じプロセスによると仮定する PDP (並列分散処理) モデルからの予測に一致するものであった。これらの結果は，漢字単語と仮名単語の音韻検索は比較的類似の処理であることを示しているようである。
Issue Editorial Masthead

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIssue Editorial MastheadCite this: ACS Chem. Biol. 2016, 11, 4, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):April 15, 2016Publication History Published online15 April 2016Published inissue 15 April 2016https://doi.org/10.1021/cbv011i004_814207Copyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Application of PNA and LNA oligomers to chemotherapy.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligomers bind to complementary sequences with extremely high affinity. This high-affinity binding supports the hypothesis that they have advantages for targeting cellular nucleic acids and provide a better route for the development of oligonucleotide-based antiproliferative drugs. This article reviews the properties of PNA and LNA oligomers and describes the challenges that confront their application to cancer therapy.
Depth percept from motion parallax by backward/forward head movements

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Three experiments were conducted to examine depth percept from motion parallax by backward/forward head movements. Depth percept thresholds were measured for backward/forward and rightward/leftward head movements. For a given depth, the retinal motion is independent of the visual eccentricity for rightward/leftward movements. On the other hand it depends on the eccentricity for backward/forward movements; a larger eccentricity causes a larger retinal motion. The stimuli were vertically oriented cylindrical surfaces generated using the ray-tracing representation on a computer. The frontal plane of the cylinder was the image plane. They subtended about 77x62deg at 50cm viewing distance. In a darkroom, observers moved and viewed monocularly the stimuli. They were asked to report the apparent curvature: convex or concave. (1)Thresholds were measured using random-dot surfaces. No difference found between backward/forward and rightward/leftward head motion. (2)A change of viewpoint transforms the stimulus boundary on the screen, e.g., perspective, pincushion/barrel distortion. To eliminate the effect of boundary transformation, rectangular-cropped random-dot surfaces were presented. With rightward/leftward head movement, the thresholds of depth percept for cropped stimuli were equivalent to those for the uncropped stimuli. With backward/forward movement, depth percept from motion parallax was deficient even if the stimuli had a large curvature. This result suggests that the change in the stimulus shape on the retina has important role to evoke depth percept when the observer moves backward/forward. The visual system needs to extract depth information from expanding/contracting dot motion produced by backward/forward head movement. In addition, it needs to estimate depth from eccentricity depending information. It seems that the processing is complicated for the visual system. (3)To investigate the effect of boundary transformation, solid white-colored surfaces were presented. With backward/forward head movement, the subject could perceive depth even if the stimulus had a small curvature. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
Sukuk: A General Introduction الصكوك: مقدمة عامة

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

When economic units in the conventional financial system require external financing, they resort to one of two methods: borrowing from financial intermediaries, with banks being at the forefront of these; or going directly to the financial markets, where they offer to savers – both individuals and institutions – underwriting of financial securities i.e., stocks and bonds. Except for the shares of companies, which are considered generally legitimate (Shariah-compliant), rest of the conventional financing instruments do not comply with the provisions of Islamic Shariah due to their reliance on interest. Islamic finance has provided a successful Shariah-compliant alternative to conventional finance. One instrument in Islamic finance are sukuk; which have been presented as a Shariah-compliant alternative for conventional bonds. --
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR IN CATALYST PELLETS OF HYDROTREATING PROCESS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sulfur compounds are one of the most important impurities in various petroleum fractions that cause some problems. For example, in the case of fuels they cause environmental pollution, and in the refining and petrochemical industries they poison catalysts. One of the recent challenges in the petroleum refineries is the reduction of sulfur content of gas oil to the new lower limits. The specification for the sulfur content of gas oil has been reduced from 500 ppm to 50 ppm in 2005. This purpose can be achieved by hydrodesulfurization process (HDS) in trickle bed reactors as specific multiphase reactors. In the most of trickle bed reactors, reactions are carried out on the surface and within the pores of cobalt molybdom over alumina support (CoMo/Al2O3). Catalyst. [1] In this work a mathematical model for the effectiveness factor of HDS catalyst has been developed, based on the mass balance equations inside the catalyst pellet to gather with a kinetic model for dibenzothiophene as representative of sulfur component of gas oil. Also, for solution non-linear algebraic equations in catalyst pellets has been used orthogonal collocation method and modified Powel dogleg numeric methods.
A New Approach to Nutrient Removal Using the HYBACS Process

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A New Approach to Nutrient Removal Using the HYBACS ProcessA major challenge facing the wastewater industry is the production of high quality treated effluents containing reduced concentrations of nutrients. The challenge relates equally to upgrading existing plants as to entirely new construction. The HYBACS process is a new approach to nutrient removal that has been developed from a process originating from South Korea called the RABC process. The...Author(s)Garry HoylandPeter ValeFrank RogallaMark JonesSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 2: Microbial CommunitiesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2010ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20100101)2010:7L.81;1-DOI10.2175/193864710798208421Volume / Issue2010 / 7Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)81 - 94Copyright2010Word count183Subject keywordsNutrient removalHYBACS ProcessSMART unitWastewaterpilot demonstration
AF-React study: atrial fibrillation management strategies in clinical practice—retrospective longitudinal study from real-world data in Northern Portugal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and to assess how these patients are being cared for: what anticoagulants are being prescribed and are they being prescribed as recommended? Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting This study was conducted in the Regional Health Administration of Northern Portugal. Participants This study used a database that included 63526 patients with code K78 of the International Classification of Primary Care between January 2016 and December 2018. Results The prevalence of AF among adults over 40 years in the northern region of Portugal was 2.3% in 2016, 2.8% in 2017 and 3% in 2018. From a total of 63 526 patients, 95.8% had an indication to receive anticoagulation therapy. Of these, 44 326 (72.9%) are being treated with anticoagulants: 17 936 (40.5%) were prescribed vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and 26 390 (59.5%) were prescribed non-VKA anticoagulants. On the other hand, 2688 patients of the total (4.2%) had no indication to receive anticoagulation therapy. Of these 2688 patients, 1100 (40.9%) were receiving anticoagulants. Conclusions The prevalence of AF is 3%. Here, we report evidence of both undertreatment and overtreatment. Although having an indication, a considerable proportion of patients (27.1%) are not anticoagulated, and among patients with AF without an indication to receive anticoagulation therapy, a considerable proportion (40.9%) are receiving anticoagulants. The AF-React study brings extremely relevant conclusions to Portugal and follows real-world studies in patients with AF in Europe, presenting some data not yet studied.
A semi-extensive management system reduces plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and sperm production in male goats from subtropical latitudes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Context In subtropical latitudes, most goats are managed in semi-extensive management systems, eating only available vegetation. Underfeeding is common during the dry season and may reduce the endocrine and sexual activities of male goats. Aims The aim of the study was to determine plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and sperm production of male goats kept in a semi-extensive management system for 12 months, from March to February. Methods Control males were placed indoors and were well nourished (n = 5). Experimental males were placed in a flock and grazed daily with females for 7 h, eating only natural vegetation (n = 5). Experimental males were fitted with an apron to prevent mating during the study. Plasma testosterone concentrations were determined every 2 weeks. Sexual behaviour and sperm production were determined in May and June (beginning of breeding season), August and October (middle of season), and November and December (end of season). Key results Plasma testosterone concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in control than experimental males in June and from August to December. The percentage of males refusing to ejaculate was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in control than experimental males throughout the study. Total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in control than experimental males in May, June, November and December. Sperm progressive motility was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in control than experimental males in May and June and from October to December. Conclusions The results indicate that male goats in a semi-extensive management system have lower plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour, and sperm quantitative and qualitative production than those in a confined management system. Implications Nutritional supplementation may improve the endocrine and sexual activity of male goats in semi-extensive management systems.
Using Action Research to Develop a Public Programming Strategy for Heritage Assets, With an Example From South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on action research and how it should be applied is extensive. However, this chapter is not intended to be a substitute for or to provide a synopsis of the substantial body of literature on action research. Its aim is instead to show the potential benefits of this underutilised research approach in heritage management research. Although there are many varieties of action research, the major elements of action research processes are action, research, and participation. Action research has a collaborative social change agenda, with democratic transformation being achieved through the participation of professional researchers and practitioners. It bridges the divide between the outsiders (researchers) and insiders (stakeholders), and differs from many conventional research strategies in that it identifies a problem and attempts to provide a solution that leads to a change in the community or organisation. The case study on developing a public programming strategy for archival institutions in South Africa presented in this chapter illustrates this point.
Black Savannah, 1788–1864

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fourth in the University of Arkansas Press series in Black Community Studies, this examination of the black community of Savannah, Georgia, during the antebellum and the Civil War periods is a groundbreaker. It begins in 1788 with the founding of Savannah s first black public institution, an independent church, and closes in 1864 with Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman s capture of Savannah and the subsequent end to slavery. Using a wide range of primary sources, including the little-used Southern Claims Case Files, and a vast number of secondary sources, Whittington Johnson gracefully elucidates the most important features of slave and free African-American life in this period. Johnson maintains that, unlike Charleston and New Orleans, Savannah had a comparatively small population of free blacks, containing only a slim majority of mulattoes and few large property owners, a demographic that greatly affected the contours of the black class structure. Among the most interesting groups that created Savannah s community were nominal slaves, slaves in name only, who lived apart from their masters, seeking and finding their own employment.Black Savannah focuses upon efforts of African Americans, free and slave, who worked together to establish and maintain a variety of religious, social, and cultural institutions; to carve out niches in the larger economy; and to form cohesive families. The result was an autonomous black community in a key city of the Old South.
The Face of New Testament Studies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| January 01 2005 The Face of New Testament Studies The Face of New Testament StudiesMcKnight, Scot; Osborne, Grant R. Allison A. Trites Allison A. Trites Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Bulletin for Biblical Research (2005) 15 (1): 132–133. https://doi.org/10.2307/26422763 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Allison A. Trites; The Face of New Testament Studies. Bulletin for Biblical Research 1 January 2005; 15 (1): 132–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/26422763 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressBulletin for Biblical Research Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2005 by The Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved.2005The Pennsylvania State University Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Timely diagnosis and therapy for suspected lung cancer patients in a 2 day rapid outpatient diagnostic program with integrated FGD-PET and diagnostic CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Delays in the diagnosis of lung cancer are under debate and may affect outcome. The objectives of this study were to compare delays in a rapid outpatient diagnostic program (RODP) for suspected lung cancer patients with those described in literature and guideline recommendations, to investigate the effects of referral route and symptoms on delays, and to establish whether delays were related to disease stage and outcome. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart study of all patients with suspected lung cancer, referred to the RODP of our tertiary care university clinic between 1999 and 2009. Patient characteristics, tumor stage and different delays were analyzed. Results: Of 565 patients with available data, 290 were diagnosed with lung cancer, 48 with another type of malignancy, and 111 patients with a non-malignant lesion. In 112 patients no immediate definite diagnosis was obtained, and in 82 of these the proposed follow-up strategy confirmed a benign outcome. The median first line, patient, referral, diagnostic, curative and palliative therapeutic delays were 54, 19, 7, 2, 18 and 21.5 days, respectively. The RODP care was generally far more timely compared to literature and published guidelines, except for both referral and palliative therapeutic delay. No specific delay was significantly related to disease stage or survival. Conclusion: An RODP results in a timely diagnosis well within guideline recommendations. Patient and first line delay account for most of total patient delay. Within the limitations of this retrospective study, we found no association with disease stage or survival.
Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For complete care of the pregnant patient, an understanding of the psychologic aspects of pregnancy is essential. Psychologic dysfunction must be recognized early and the need for consultation presented to the patient in a nonthreatening manner. Most psychotropic drugs can be used safely. Medication should be continued as long as the benefits outweigh the risks. The postpartum period requires special attention. While approximately 16 percent of all women have emotional dysfunction during pregnancy, the postpartum incidence has been reported to be as high as 50 percent.