jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of pesticide use and cultivation techniques on ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) in cereal fields

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of two pesticide regimes (conventional, reduced) and two types of cultivation systems (customary, integrated farming practice) on ground beetles were studied in a large-scale field experiment. Plots on conventional pesticide regime were sprayed with herbicide, insecticide, fungicide and growth regulator annually. The plots on reduced pesticide regime were treated only when the control threshold was exceeded, i.e. in 1992 with a selective insecticide (pirimicarb) and in 1994 with a herbicide. The numbers of ground beetles in pitfalls differed between years and pesticide use regimes. In 1992, the broad-spectrum insecticide, dimethoate, reduced the number of Carabidae more than pirimicarb, but the effect was short, and the trend was opposite in late summer and in total catches. The number of Carabidae in pitfalls was significantly lower in the dimethoate-treated plots than in the non-treated plots in 1993 and 1994. The difference was obvious for four weeks after spraying. Prophylactic pesticide use decreased the abundance of ground beetles remarkably. However, pesticides affected only the numbers of spring (early season) species, because their active period occurred during application, the numbers returned to normal after three or four weeks, probably due to immigration from untreated areas. Effects on species dominant in autumn were not observed because these species were not exposed directly to pesticide treatments. During a period of three years, no differences were found in the numbers of ground beetles between the two cultivation systems tested.
The Activation of the Potato PR-10a Gene Requires the Phosphorylation of the Nuclear Factor PBF-1.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pathogenesis-related gene PR-10a (formerly STH[middot]2) is induced in various organs of potato after wounding, elicitor treatment, or infection by Phytophthora infestans. Deletion analysis of the promoter of the PR-10a gene enabled us to identify a 50-bp region, located between positions -155 and -105, necessary for the elicitor responsiveness of the [beta]-glucuronidase reporter gene in transgenic potato plants. Within this region, a 30-bp sequence, located between positions -135 and -105, was necessary for the activation of the promoter by the elicitor. However, strong promoter activity after elicitor treatment required the presence of a 20-bp sequence located between positions -155 and -135. The region between -135 and -105 was specifically recognized by two nuclear factors, PBF-1 (PR-10a Binding Factor 1) and PBF-2, and binding of PBF-1 was coordinated with the accumulation of the PR-10a mRNA. Gel shift assays using nuclear extracts pretreated with sodium deoxycholate or alkaline phosphatase suggested that PBF-1 is a multimeric factor in which at least one of the constituent proteins can be phosphorylated. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase also indicated that binding of PBF-1 is positively regulated by phosphorylation and that it is phosphorylated only in tissues in which PR-10a is expressed. The use of protein phosphatase and kinase inhibitors in vivo provided additional evidence that wounding and elicitor treatment induce the phosphorylation of PBF-1 and that this phosphorylation is associated with gene activation.
The primary report of clinical application of enriched bone marrow stem cells combining with β-tricalcium phosphate in spine fusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the clinical results of posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis with a newbone substitute: autologous enriched bone marrow stem cells (EBMSCs) hybriding withβtricalcium phosphate(β-TCP).Methods About 250 ml bone marrow for each patient had been collected from bilateral anterior superiorspines preoperatively. With the enrichment technique, EBMSCs had been collected, then combined with theβ-TCPparticles, and finally the composite had been placed in the fusion part of the spine, as a bone graft extenders. 29 pa-tients had undergone posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis by means of autologous EBMSCs combining withporousβ-TCP . Regular follow-up, roentgenograph, CT scanning and physical function examination had been per-formed for evaluation.Results (38±14) ml had been used for hybrid. The nucleared cells increased from (14.72±5.33)×109/ml originally to (44.63±13.89)×109/ml after enrichment; and bone marrow stem cells had in-creased about 8.25 times. The adhesion of stem cells on the internal wall of porousβ-TCP could been found after 2hours incubation. Clinical results were satisfied after 6 ~14 months follow-up.Conclusions The clinical applica-tions of autologous EBMSCs combining with porousβ-TCP could be used as a good bone graft extender to apply in thelumbar posterolateral intertransverse fusion without severe side effects. The biomaterial could be replaced finally bynew bone formation in 6 months. It is a convenient, effective, and safe method for perioperative usage.
Pregnancy, postpartum and the thyroid: isnât it time to offer women optimal care?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 2011, the American Thyroid association published guidelines concerning the attitude toward maternal thyroid (dys)function during pregnancy and postpartum. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists also Â­recommend a case-finding approach although several studies has shown that up to 50% of women with thyroid dysfunction will be missed. Recently, it was shown that 0.6% of all pregnant women suffer from unknown overt hypothyroidism as a consequence of not screening: annually 1000 women in the Netherlands, 6000 in UK and over 24.000 in the US. Cost-effective studies have shown that screening of all pregnant women is beneficial.
Maritime Antarctica soils studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and other methods

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Soil samples from the King George Island, Antarctica, have been studied by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, radiometry, neutron activation analysis and chemical analytical methods. X-ray diffractometry measurements have identified soils containing different volume ratios of quartz, feldspar, chlorite as well as hematite. The difference in the phase composition and in the iron distribution among the crystallographic sites of iron-bearing minerals (chlorite, magnetite and hematite) of samples from two different depths was derived from the complex Mössbauer spectra. The differences in the mineral composition, iron distribution, concentration of water soluble salts, pH and radioactivity of certain radionucliedes indicate the occurence of chemical weathering of minerals.
Can evaluation contribute to the organizational development of academic institutions? An international comparison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the last 20 years, science policy-making has taken to evaluation as an instrument for assessing research projects, programmes and even entire research institutes or faculties. This article examines key elements of the evaluation systems in the United Kingdom (Research Assessment Exercise), the Netherlands (Standard Evaluation Protocol) and Germany (Leibniz Association’s Evaluation Procedure) and the extent to which evaluations serve as an instrument of organizational development for the scientific bodies being evaluated. Evaluations are often mistrusted – particularly in Germany’s public discourse – as a Trojan horse of policy-making infiltrating the science system. However, our findings demonstrate that peer-review based evaluations can be an authoritative source of validation employed by scientific institutes to develop or optimize institutional strategies. Against this backdrop, we conclude with recommendations of how institutional evaluations may be further developed and how processes of organizational transformation can be supported in the research landscape.
Pediatric third liver transplantation—A single‐center experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Pediatric retransplantation is an accepted practice for graft failure and complications in Australasia. As 15% of children require a third transplant, this is a growing cohort with limited data in the literature. Methods We review nine patients from the commencement of our transplantation program in 1986 up to 2020 assessing demographics, prognosis, and outcome measures. Results Third transplant patient survival was comparative to first and second transplant patient survival at 5 years. All deaths were within the post‐operative period and secondary to sepsis. Operative times and transfusion volumes were increased at third transplant (1.8 and 4.5 times compared to first transplant, respectively). Learning difficulties and psychological disturbances were prevalent (83% and 66.6%, respectively). Conclusions While recent mortality outcomes appear comparable to undergoing a second liver transplant, third transplant operations were more complex. Neurological impairment and psychological disturbance appear to be prevalent and need to be considered in pre‐transplant counseling.
Construction of a Pen-Scale Methane Collection System and Dietary Strategies for Methane Mitigation from Growing and Finishing Cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Methane production from ruminants has been researched for many years because it has a global warming potential 25x that of carbon dioxide, meaning that mitigating smaller amounts of methane can have a large environmental impact. Research has focused on individual animal methane measurements, but the literature lack in industry-scale measurements. For that reason, the methane barn was built to evaluate dietary strategies on pens of cattle rather than on individual animals. In order to test the methane barn capabilities, an experiment designed to produce differences in methane production was conducted. Cattle received the same growing diet, at either ad-libitum access to feed or restricted access to feed (75% of the ad-libitum intake). Methane (g/d) was lower for the limit-fed cattle, which gave us confidence that the methane barn was working correctly. The second trial evaluated the effects of corn oil on methane production and animal performance. Corn oil reduced methane production (g/d, k/kg ADG) in finishing cattle and improved performance. Feed additives that alter the rumen environment as a methane mitigation strategy have shown some promise. Biochar was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods to determine gas production as well as digestibility characteristics associated with feeding it. In vitro results showed that as biochar inclusion increased, total gas and methane increased. When tested in vivo, biochar inclusion reduced methane and carbon dioxide production compared to control. OM digestibility and NDF digestibility were greatest for 0.8% inclusion of biochar, while 0 and 3% were not different.\nAdvisor: Galen E. Erickson
Student Learning in an Online Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increasing class sizes, changing expectations, diversity and mobility of students and the use of computer technology in teaching have challenged universities, world over, to review educational courses and delivery to provide a more satisfying learning experience to students. Understanding how students learn is essential in this process and continuous enquiry into teaching practices for their effectiveness towards enhancement of student learning outcomes is therefore considered a vital strategy. This chapter discusses an exploratory study on the differences in the learning approaches of a group of students in a second year marketing course in an Australian university. E-learning system remains the primary communication and the learning resource of these students. Results indicate that there are no significant differences in the study approaches of students but on average they seem to demonstrate deep learning than surface learning although they may differ in terms of the learning contexts. The study also reveals that in comparison female students and older aged students seem to demonstrate deep learning orientations than surface learning orientations.
Detection of High Effect Site for Resistance to Rice Stripe Virus by BSA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Jiangsu landrace rice variety Handao was previously identified as high resistance to rice stripe disease( RSV). A total of 141 F2: 3lines derived from the cross of Handao and Wuyujing 3,a variety high sensitive to RSV,were investigated by natural infection method in field,and the disease rating index was scored. Analysis of the resistant / sensitive pools by bulked segregant analysis indicated that the SSR markers RM209 and RM21 on rice chromosome 11 obviously linked to RSV resistance. A QTL for RSV was detected on rice chromosome 11 between RM209 and RM21 by the software QTL IciMapping V3. 2 based on the principle of inclusive composite interval mapping( ICIM) with the maximum LOD score 13. 25,which explained 38. 39% of the trait variance. Additive effects of qSTV11HDwas negative,indicating that the resistance allele was inherited from Handao.
Motions by 1H NMR in Crystalline Phases of β-Naphthol and β-Naphthylamine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For β-naphthol, where the measurements have been made above the ambient temperature, we observed the fast hydroxyl proton jump. Its mean correlation time is ∼5 10−7 s at ambient temperature. Around 350 K, a low temperature transition seems correlated with a frequency independent relaxation contribution and leaves the above motion unaffected. Above this transition, a very slow motion appears (20 s −1 at 365°K) which is modified by the high temperature transition (385 K). For β-naphthylamine, only one motion is present between 200 K and the melting point: the 180° jumps of the amino group around its axis. A large distribution of correlation times can explain the relaxation features.
Expression of VEGF-C in human breast cancer and its implication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C) proteins and biological behavior of breast cancer.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C proteins in 12 cases of mammary fibroma,35 cases of mammary cystic hyperplasia,45 cases of breast cancer.Results:VEGF-C protein was absent in mammary fibroma,the expression rate of VEGF-C protein in mammary cystic hyperplasia was 20.0%(7/35),The expression rate of VEGF-C in breast cancer was 71.1%(32/45),and it was significantly different compared with mammary cystic hyperplasia(P0.05).The expression of VEGF-C in Ⅲ and Ⅳ phase of breast cancer were significantly higher than that in Ⅰand Ⅱ phase,so was the axillary lymph node metastasis rate(P0.05).However,it was not correlated with the age of patient,tumor size,the expression of ER and PR.Conclusions:VEGF-C may take part in occurrence and progression of breast cancer.Over-expression of VEGF-C is related to high possibility of lymphatic metastasis.
Self-Reported Physical Activity of High School Students in Southern Maine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Knowledge of high school students’ physical activity (PA) can assist in identifying areas of programmatic need within physical education (PE) and for out of school programs. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the PA levels and patterns of high school students in southern Maine. METHODS: Participants were 142 students (86 females, 56 males) from 4 high schools in southern Maine (one urban, one suburban, two rural). Mean age was 14.9 years with 87% of the sample in grade 9. The validated Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQA) was used in this study to assess PA. The PAQA asks participants to recall their PA during the previous 7 days. Surveys were administered to students enrolled in PE and were part of a larger study examining attitudes toward PA and PE. RESULTS: Mean overall score for the PAQA was 2.62+0.60 (1=low PA, 5=high PA), with a range of 1.18 to 4.29. Males were slightly more active than females overall (2.75+0.72 vs 2.53+0.66, p=0.068) and reported more PA during evenings (2.96+1.37 vs 2.50+1.29, p=0.044) and the weekend (2.70+1.08 vs 2.32+1.00, p=0.036). Students in urban (3.98+0.81) and suburban schools (4.30+0.76) reported significantly greater activity in PE classes than rural students (3.54+0.86) (p=<0.05) while students in rural schools (1.65+ 1.23) reported greater activity during lunch than urban (1.23+0.43) and suburban students (1.12+0.39) (p=<0.05). Jogging, walking, basketball, and soccer were the most cited activities overall. Females preferred walking, jogging, dance and skipping rope while males preferred jogging, basketball, walking and soccer. Overall, 10% reported daily activity while 14% reported no activity. In PE, 73% reported doing vigorous activity quite often. At lunch, 80% reported sitting. After school, 46% were very active while 28% reported no activity. During evenings, 29% reported being very active while 29% reported no activity. Over the weekend, 52% reported being very active 2 or more times, with 21% reporting no activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide information on high school students’ PA from a sample of southern Maine schools. In addition to PA levels and patterns, knowledge of student preferences for PA would help in PA program development both in PE and for out of school programs.
Farmers’ behaviour in risky decision-making

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Risk is highlighted as an increasingly present aspect of the agricultural business, and it is important for agricultural producers to manage risk effectively. The implementation of risk management strategies and the adoption of risk management tools are some of the most complex decisions for farmers to execute. For Swedish farmers the private crop insurance is one available risk management tool to mitigate production risks caused by unforeseen weather events. Farmers’ decision behaviour in situations that include risk and uncertainty is a reflection of their risk propensity and risk perception. To explain farmers’ adoption of risk management strategies it is important to understand their decision-making behaviour.

Earlier studies of farmers’ risky decision-making behaviour use a quantitative approach to evaluate how the determinants risk propensity and risk perception interplay in farmers’ choice to implement a certain risk management strategy. In this study a qualitative multiple case study approach is applied to evaluate farmers’ decision to purchase crop insurance as a risk management tool. The aim is to investigate underlying factors of risky decision-making behaviour, and their importance for farmers’ decision to purchase a crop insurance.

The results of this study is based on 13 interviews with crop farmers in the region of Scania in the southern part Sweden. The type of interviews that is used are semi-structured interviews that was analysed through thematic coding. The interviews were based on the Sitkin and Pablo (1992) model of decision-making behaviour under risk and uncertainty. This study contributes with knowledge about what underlying factors that are of importance for farmers’ crop insurance decision in the studied context. It also contributes with a suggestion to include the factor of status quo, to describe the farmers’ behaviour in their continued decision to purchase a crop insurance. The results of this study imply that the underlying factors of importance to describe farmers’ behaviour differ depending on if the decision is conducted for the first time, or if it is a repeated decision.
Growth Rates of Juvenile Maomao, Abudefduf abdominalis, at Constant and Cyclic Temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth rate and growth efficiency of juvenile maomao are related to temperature. I grew isolated fish at six temperature regimes (constant: 23.4, 26.4, 29.4, 32.4 C; daily cyclic: 23.4–29.4 C, 26.4–32.4 C) and at three food rations. Growth rates (wet weight) of fish fed ad libitum were greatest at the two highest constant temperatures which are near the speciesˈ preferred temperature of 30.1 C. At two lower rations fastest growth occurred at 26.4 C. Growth rates in cyclic temperatures were not significantly different from those at constant temperatures equivalent to the mean temperature of the cycle. Maomao fed limited rations at cyclic temperatures which bracketed the preferred temperature grew at rates near the maximum for limited rations, indicating little, if any, energy penalty for living at cyclic temperatures.
Psychopathological conditions in children and adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Imagine the following scenario: a parent calls a neuropsychologist asking for an appointment because her latency-age child, a son, has been talking about not wanting to go to school. When queried, the parent reports that the child has never really liked school and over the last year has become more vocal about how bad a setting school is. When asked about other difficulties the child has, the parent answers that her son has difficulties with concentration, poor sleep, and states that he often appears restless and “on-edge”. A referral such as this is routine for and the “bread and butter” of the practices of most child and adolescent neuropsychologists. Typically, the neuropsychologist next plans for an assessment that will include an examination of learning difficulties and attention and, for good measure, she might add a behavior-rating scale. Her considerations are “primarily neuropsychological”, as the neuropsychologist probably hypothesizes that the school refusal behavior and somatic complaints are “secondary responses” to the child's learning and attentional concerns.
Fabrication of Simple Diode Structure FED Device with Connecting Plate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By using the thick soda-lime glass plate and the flat thin glass, the connecting plates were formed easily. The carbon nanotube materials were prepared to form the field emitters. The simple small diode structure field emission display device with connecting plate was developed. The detailed fabrication technology for the whole device was also presented. The sealing of the vacuum room was performed by means of glass frit and the gas in the vacuum room could be evacuated out through the exhaust tube. The developed diode structure FED sample exhibited large field emission current, better field emission properties and image display performance.
The Malaysian Intermodal Terminal System: The Implication on the Malaysian Maritime Cluster

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The maritime sector in Malaysia is best known globally due to the Straits of Malacca and being a nation surrounded by sea. Malaysia also has a substantial maritime industry consisting of numerous shipyards, ports and terminal faculties, ship services and a plethora of other companies and institutions with maritime oriented activities and become essential components of the Malaysia's maritime clusters. Issues such as underutilised intermodal terminals, uneven proportions in the freight transport infrastructure and road and seaport congestions prevent Malaysian seaports from achieving their full potential in serving their respective hinterlands. The key factors to improve Malaysian dry port or intermodal terminals are transport network; container planning; competition; location and, externalities. The paper does not only present the critical challenges faced by Malaysian intermodal terminals especially dry ports and the implications for seaport competency but it also provides strategies to utilise the Malaysian freight multimodal system to amplify seaports tm) performance in serving their hinterlands. As such, this may warrant policy makers to devise a comprehensive national master plan for the maritime sector in order for Malaysia to further develop her maritime industry and economies.