jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Human Blood Plasma using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay v2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a vasoactive neuropeptide that plays a putative role in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches and may be a candidate for biomarker status. Here, we present a protocol for purification and quantification of CGRP in human plasma. This protocol involves sample collection and preparation, extraction as a means of purification, and quantification via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After finding unrealistically high CGRP concentrations in spike-and-recovery experiments using a commercial CGRP ELISA kit protocol, we modified the existing protocol to produce satisfactory percent recoveries. This protocol can theoretically be used to quantify CGRP concentrations in plasma of individuals not only with migraine, but also with other diseases in which CGRP may play a role.
Comparative Analyses of Fatty Acid Compositions in Rice Grain Glycerolipids among Three Cultivars with Different Chilling Susceptibilities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ratios of oleic acid to linoleic and linolenic acids in phospholipid classes and triacylglycerol of rice grains were unexpectedly higher in the increasing order of cold tolerance among three varieties cultivated in Hokkaido. However, grain diglycosyldi-acylglycerol was found to be richer in linolenic acid, formed mostly within plastids, as the rice cultivars were more cold-tolerant.
Gas sensing characterization of tellurium thin films by kelvin probe technique

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The sensing behavior of tellurium films at room temperature was tested with environmental pollutant gases, such as NO2, CO, O3, and water vapor, using the Kelvin probe technique. A significant sensitivity was observed for nitrogen dioxide. The detection range for NO2 was between 0.5–5.0 ppm in air with controlled humidity. The response and the recovery time are rapid with good reproducibility and high sensibility. The work function measurements showed that chalcogenide semiconductors in question are well-suited materials for the detection of not only small concentrations of NO2, but also for humidity sensing. The relative humidity of 45% induces the work function change Δфof approximately 200 mV at room temperature. It is shown that the “strong” chemisorption of nitrogen dioxide results in an increase in both work function change Δф> 0 and electrical conductivity Δɕ > 0 because of the additional charging of the surface and band bending. The effect of water vapor is due to a simple physical adsorption of polar water molecules oriented perpendicular to the surface with a negative pole inward. As a result, the dipole component of the work function increases, i.e., Δф> 0, but the free lattice holes become more localized at the surface and the conductivity of the p-type chalcogenide layer decreases Δɕ
Nursing of a case of upper extremity edema treated with Sanse prescription

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This article summarized the observation on the effect of using the self prepared Sanse formula to treat patients with upper extremity edema. The mechanism and consequence of upper extremity edema, prescription composition of Sanse formula and procedure of external application were summarized. On the basis of routine nursing, the application of Sanse formula to the local affected part can improve the symptoms of patients with upper extremity edema, without adverse reactions, and has a positive meaning for promoting the rehabilitation of patients. (本文总结1例ICU患者肢端水肿的护理体会, 包括肢端水肿的发生机制以及不良影响、中药三色方的药方组成和外敷方法等。在常规护理的基础上应用三色方外敷, 能有效缓解患者上肢水肿症状, 对促进患者康复具有积极意义。)
AAPG Studies in Geology No. 48 / SEG Geophysical References Series No. 11, Chapter 19: Case Histories of Microbial Prospection for Oil and Gas, Onshore and Offshore in Northwest Europe

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the Microbial Prospection for Oil and Gas (MPOG) method, which uses microbiological techniques to explore for oil and gas. These techniques are based on the principle that light hydrocarbons from oil and gas fields escape to the earth's surface, and this increased hydrocarbon supply above the fields creates conditions favorable for the development of highly specialized bacterial populations that feed on the hydrocarbons. This leads to significant increases in the microbial cell numbers and cell activity of these specialized microbes.
What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You: The Role of Team Member Uncertainty in Virtual Team Trust and Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research suggests that virtual teams have difficulty developing trust relative to collocated teams; and that low team member trust can adversely affect team performance. Unfortunately, there is little research to date that considers the actual process by which virtual media inhibits team trust and performance. Seminal work on organizational trust posits that team trust is at least partly a function of the uncertainty that team members feel during their interactions. Following this idea, the present study sought to test the role of felt uncertainty in explaining the negative relation between virtualization (i.e., media richness) and both trust and team performance. To test this idea, participant teams completed a military rescue simulation under varying degrees of media richness; after which, their felt uncertainty, trust towards one another, and team performance were assessed using a variety of self-reported and objective metrics. This methodology was designed to test a likely mediator of the relation between media richness and both team trust and performance, while also simulating core task features that may generalize to applied settings. The results suggested that more media rich (i.e., less virtual) teams felt less uncertainty than more media lean (i.e., more virtual) teams. Moreover, team members’ felt uncertainty partially mediated the relation between media richness and trust; as well as the relation between media richness and self-reported performance beliefs (though not objective process performance or task performance).
Background Fluorescence Estimation and Vesicle Segmentation in Live Cell Imaging With Conditional Random Fields

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image analysis applied to fluorescence live cell microscopy has become a key tool in molecular biology since it enables to characterize biological processes in space and time at the subcellular level. In fluorescence microscopy imaging, the moving tagged structures of interest, such as vesicles, appear as bright spots over a static or nonstatic background. In this paper, we consider the problem of vesicle segmentation and time-varying background estimation at the cellular scale. The main idea is to formulate the joint segmentation-estimation problem in the general conditional random field framework. Furthermore, segmentation of vesicles and background estimation are alternatively performed by energy minimization using a min cut-max flow algorithm. The proposed approach relies on a detection measure computed from intensity contrasts between neighboring blocks in fluorescence microscopy images. This approach permits analysis of either 2D + time or 3D + time data. We demonstrate the performance of the so-called C-CRAFT through an experimental comparison with the state-of-the-art methods in fluorescence video-microscopy. We also use this method to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of Rab6 transport carriers at the cell periphery for two different specific adhesion geometries.
Body and Embodiment in Dance Performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we describe the definition of the body being extended by the concepts of other disciplines, such as philosophy, where some define it as decided by the potential of its actions. Inspired by these philosophical ideas of the body, a dance performance, Skin-awareness, was developed to explore and experiment with the body as a self-aware entity, embodying and interacting with artefacts and an immersive environment. The choreographic and technical design are introduced, followed by a composition of the work indicating where this research might lead.
Feasibility evaluation of stand-alone photovoltaic systems for residential loads

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar energy offers enormous potential to be used as an alternative energy source due to its advantageous features and environment friendliness, using photovoltaic equipment. This study examines the feasibility of a stand-alone photovoltaic system to meet the electrical energy demand of a residential house in the vicinity of Faisalabad, Pakistan. A complete design methodology has been presented along with its economic analysis in terms of life cycle cost (LCC). Sizing of each component of the PV system has been done using this model as per the load requirement and average solar irradiance falling in that region. The calculated unit cost of electrical energy produced by solar based stand-alone PV system is found to be PKR 13.5 (KWh) −1 which indicates the cost-effectiveness of this technology as compared to conventional electricity supplied by utility grid. So, it is concluded that electricity produced by a stand-alone (off-grid) PV system is both technically and economically viable and an attractive alternative as compared to centralized grid supply for residential use.
Integrating single-cell omic techniques to resolve the spatio-temporal complexity of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) is a ubiquitous and ancient interaction between plant root systems and fungi of the Glomeromycotina subphylum. The resulting relationship is mutually beneficial and deeply intimate, where the fungus intracellularly colonises root cortex cells to receive organic carbon and deliver minerals and water to the plant. Fungal colonisation of plant roots and cells is extremely dynamic and asynchronous across the root system. Development of symbiosis must, therefore, result from spatio-temporally fine-tuned molecular control mechanisms of both plant and fungus. Although the plant genetic program underpinning AMS has been extensively studied, little is known about its dynamic regulation across root cell layers and developmental stages of the association. Thus, many questions remain outstanding: how do different cell-types transcriptionally respond to AMS, how are distinct cell-type specific regulatory states coordinated, and what are the fungal transcriptional activities associated with discrete stages of root colonisation? The advent of single cell-based techniques now enables the high-resolution analysis to address these questions. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge on the spatio-temporal control of AMS, evaluate the relevance of existing spatial datasets to AMS research, and provide new perspectives for future study.
Risk factors associated with diarrhoea in newborn calves.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A prospective study was carried out on 94 randomly selected beef calf herds in the Midi-Pyrénées region in France in order to determine neonatal gastroenteritis risk factors. A total of 3,080 newborn calves was enrolled from December 1995 to April 1996. By using a specific statistical analysis method that takes into account an 'intra-herd' correlation, our final model allows the identification of approximately 20 management risk factors associated with diarrhoea. We confirmed several factors identified previously (calving conditions) and estimated some new factors (month of birth). Several herd level factors were found to be significantly associated with the risk of diarrhoea. These factors included herd management conditions such as hygiene (cleaning, relative risk (RR) = 1.9), and also vitamin or salt supplements to animals and cow vaccination (RR = 2). It was found amongst the calf level factors, that calving conditions and dyspnea were associated with diarrhoea. Dam vaccination seemed to protect calves against illness. A relationship between diarrhoea and the month of birth was also observed. Our results confirmed that calf diarrhoea is a multifactor pathology and prevention should be considered globally within the farm.
The effect of listening to the sound of running water on pain and anxiety experienced during cannulation by hemodialysis patients: A randomized, controlled, open‐label study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction This study was conducted to determine the effect of the sound of running water, which we had not previously encountered being used in dialysis patients, on invasive pain and anxiety experienced during cannulation. Methods The research was conducted as a randomized, controlled study. A descriptive form, a VAS pain scale, and state–trait anxiety scales were used as a data collection form. The data were analyzed on SPSS version 22.00 for Windows software. The independent groups t ‐test was applied to compare descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, number, and percentage in independent groups, while categorical data were compared using the chi‐square test. The effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable was tested using linear regression analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The study was completed with 32 experimental and 33 control group patients. There was no significant difference in pre‐intervention pain and anxiety between the groups. The pain levels of the patients after the first and 12th cannulations were significantly lower in the experimental group ( p < 0.05). State and trait anxiety levels were also significantly lower in the experimental group at the 12th session ( p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that the sound of running water has a significant positive effect on pain and anxiety experienced during cannulation by dialysis patients. We recommend that clinicians apply such a simple method as listening to the sound of running water for reducing pain and anxiety during invasive procedures.
Generation of Nyquist pulse sequences using dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and phase modulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel approach to generate Nyquist pulse sequences utilizing a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) and a phase modulator (PM). The DPMZM, driven by a single RF signal of 10 GHz, produces flat-topped optical pulses. Leveraging the time-lensing effect, the PM is employed to map these optical pulses into the frequency domain, resulting in a flat optical frequency comb (OFC) with 21 comb teeth and a frequency interval of 10 GHz. After chirp compensation and spectral shaping, Nyquist pulse sequences are obtained with a duty cycle of 0.0422.
On the use of artificial neural networks to model sound quality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Loudness, percentile loudness, sharpness, and fluctuation strength have been shown in laboratory experiments to be correlated with annoyance. Zwicker proposed a model of unbiased annoyance (UBA) based on time of day (d), fluctuation strength (F), sharpness (S), and N10. In psychoacoustic tests on amplitude-modulated noise signals [P. Laux and P. Davies, NCEJ 40 (3) (May-June 1993)] UBA has been shown to have a higher correlation to annoyance than other commonly used noise measures, although, other correlation models were found to produce an even better model of the relationship between (S,N10,F) and the subjective ratings. The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to describe the relationship between (S,N10,F) and the subjective responses has been investigated. The smaller the network, the fewer the number of weights, and the fewer the number of signals that a subject has to rate. The objective of the research was to estimate a network that was the smallest possible model of the data. As a starting point UBA was modeled as a function of (S,N10,F); the resulting ANN model of UBA was then used as the initial conditions when subjective data were available.
The Math-Chemistry Notebook as a Result of an Interdisciplinary Activity in the Italian High School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes an interdisciplinary activity developed through the whole school year in a first-year class in a Technical High School in Italy. More in detail, the Math and Chemistry curricula have been analyzed and the common topics and terms highlighted. Consequently, the sequences of the topics to be explained in the two subjects have been reorganized to match in time, and the classes presented using agreed keywords and highlighting the common terms. The students have been guided to build a three sections notebook containing Math, Chemistry, and common topics, to be used to study both subjects. As a result, a speed up in the introduction of both the curricula has been noticed together with an improvement in the students’ performances.
Correlation of Homocysteine, AHSG, CRP with Insulin Resistance, 25-(OH)2-VitD, Blood Lipids in Gestational Diabetes Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GDM patients have increased serum Hcy, AHSG, and CRP levels and a decreased serum 25-OH-VD level, indicating that serum Hcy, AHSG, CRP, and 25-OH-VD are correlated with glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in GDM patients.
Understanding and Responding to Health Literacy as a Social Determinant of Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Evidence of a social gradient in health literacy has been found in all reported national population surveys. Health literacy is a midstream determinant of health but not a panacea for addressing health inequities created by the maldistribution of opportunity and resources. It is possible to optimize the contribution health literacy makes in mediating the causes and effects of established social determinants of health. Existing interventions demonstrate the feasibility of improving health literacy among higher-risk populations, but research remains underdeveloped and effects on health inequity are largely untested. Future health literacy intervention research should focus on ( a) improving the quality of health communication that reaches a diversity of populations, especially by improving frontline professional skills and support; ( b) enabling people to develop transferable skills in accessing, understanding, analyzing, and applying health information; and ( c) ensuring that priority is proportionate to need by reaching and engaging the population groups who are disproportionately affected by low health literacy.
MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA CONSTITUENTS AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER DRUG

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stress conditions will trigger the histone hyperacetylation process due to histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP (HAT PCAF) constantly transfers acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to conserved lysine residues on histone proteins to form ε-N-acetyllysine. This can be a cause of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms and inhibition of PCAF HAT by chemical components of C. xanthorrhiza namely, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and xanthorrizhol using in silico, the molecular docking method. Results showed that the components of C. xanthorrhiza as ligands have the capability to inhibit the binding of acetyl-CoA to histone. These results can be used to predict the inhibitory mechanisms exhibited by C. xanthorrhiza components, as competitive and noncompetitive substances. We hypothesize that C. xanthorrhiza components resemble a substrate, leading to prevention of the natural substrate (histone) to bind to the enzyme, and hence block the product formation. The smallest free Gibs energy was exhibited by curcumin on chain B and by bismethoxycurcumin on chain A, with values of -8.8 and -8.4 Kcal/mol, respectively.
A 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholene‐Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangement

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholenes (DAPs) are an emerging class of organic hydrides. In this work, we exploited them as efficient catalysts for very mild reductive Claisen rearrangements. The method is tolerant towards a wide variety of functional groups and operates at ambient temperature. Besides being enantiospecific for substrates with existing stereogenic centers, the diastereoselectivity can be switched by varying solvents and DAP catalysts. The reaction kinetics show direct rearrangements of O‐bound phospholene enolates and provide a proof‐of‐principle for catalytic enantioselective reactions.
Study the near plane strain tensile test specimen using finite element code ABAQUS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, optimization of near plane strain tensile test specimen for four types of cold-rolled steel DC01, DC04, DP600, and DP1000 are studied using finite element code ABAQUS. The sample width (A), notch radius (R), and material anisotropy (r-value) were the main parameters considered in this study. The effects of these parameters on the Plane Strain State Index (PSSI) and Homogeneity Index (HI) were analyzed and presented.
The Combination of Diallylboration and Ring‐Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Spiro‐β‐Amino Alcohols and (±)‐Cephalotaxine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A convenient and practical methodology for the preparation of various spiro‐β‐amino alcohols has been elaborated. The approach involves allylboration and ring‐closing methathesis to prepare spirobicyclic compounds and their subsequent modification to spiro‐β‐amino alcohols containing four‐ to six‐membered azacycles. N ‐Boc‐protected azaspirocyclic olefins reacted with NBS in solvent under reflux to give tricyclic bromocyclocarbamates. The structure of one of the bromides was established by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The dehydrobromination of the tricyclic bromides with t BuOK produced olefins in good yields, which underwent allylic‐type rearrangement in the presence of MgBr 2 · Et 2 O. Alkaline hydrolysis of the rearranged carbamates led to diastereomerically pure spiro‐β‐amino alcohols. The structure of the dimethyl‐substituted amino alcohol was proved by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. rac ‐(5 R *,6 S *)‐1‐Azaspiro[4.4]non‐7‐en‐6‐ol was used in the formal synthesis of cephalotaxine.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induces cytotoxicity of T-helper cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has gained plenty of attention because of its adjuvant capability to induce CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte and CD4(+) T-helper cell responses. We investigated the behavior of T-cell subsets stimulated with endotoxin-free HSP70 with respect to proliferation, cytokine expression, cytotoxicity against allogeneic B-lymphoblastoid cell line and K562 cells, as well as target-independent cytotoxicity. CD4(+) cells exhibited a strong increase in proliferation after stimulation with HSP70 (29%). In the presence of targets, a 35-fold up-regulation of granzyme B was observed after stimulation of CD4(+) T cells with HSP70 in combination with interleukin-7 (IL-7)/IL-12/IL-15. The target cell-independent secretion of granzyme B by CD4(+) cells was greatly augmented after stimulation with HSP70 plus IL-2 or IL-7/IL-12/IL-15. In this study, we showed that HSP70 is capable of inducing a cytotoxic response of T-helper cells in the absence of lipopolysaccharide. The granzyme B secretion and cytolytic activity of T-helper cells are induced in a target-independent way, whereas the cytotoxic activity of CD3(+) and CD8(+) T cells can be further enhanced in the presence of target cells. Our data provide novel insights into the role of extracellular HSP70 on T-cell immune response concerning the induction of target-independent T-helper cell cytotoxicity. PMID: 19018093