jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Soil Fertility in Northern Mountainous Areas of Vietnam by Developing Rhizobial Inoculants for Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata (var. Cylindrica) in Intercropping Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cassava and maize are widely grown in the Northern mountainous regions of Vietnam. By applying huge amount of mineral fertilizers and promoting monocropping, the farmers have hugely contributed to soil degradation with as direct consequence to the decline of crop yield by unsustainable management practices. Legume-based intercropping system, one of the most widespread agroecology practices, have been widely promoted by scientists and the local authorities in Northern Vietnam because of their numerous advantages: better use of land, economic benefit, diminishing soil erosion, and also gradually increasing soil N content through biological nitrogen fixation as well as mulching legume residues. Nevertheless, the upland farmers have no idea about the use of commercial rhizobial inoculants and their potentials. This study aimed at assessing the needs to promote such rhizobial inoculants in the 2 districts in Yen Bai province of Vietnam, where cowpea is intercropped with cassava and maize. Our results showed that the natural nodulation of cowpea was really low at different soil characteristics and slope categories. There are indigenous rhizobial strains in the soils but it is not sufficient for them to form effective symbiosis with cowpea. Unfortunately, there is no valid commercial inoculant product on the markets in Vietnam until now, it is imperative to develop effective rhizobial inoculants for grain legumes for Vietnam, as well as in the whole South East Asia. There are markets for private companies willing to open new business on such activities. The presence of commercial inoculants on the markets would help in sense of agroecology to improving soil health and building sustaining agricultural systems in this zone.
Effect of portable noninvasive ventilation on thoracoabdominal volumes in recovery from intermittent exercise in patients with COPD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compared with the pursed-lip breathing technique, acute application of portable noninvasive ventilation during recovery from intermittent exercise improved end-expiratory thoracoabdominal dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in 50% of patients with COPD (DH responders). DH responders, compared with DH nonresponders, exhibited a reduction in end-expiratory thoracoabdominal DH predominantly driven by the abdominal compartment that effectively offset end-expiratory rib cage DH. The essential difference between DH responders and DH nonresponders was, therefore, in the behavior of the abdomen.
A unified generation‐registration framework for improved MR‐based CT synthesis in proton therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for proton therapy treatment planning is gaining attention as a highly effective method for guidance. At the core of this approach is the generation of computed tomography (CT) images from MR scans. However, the critical issue in this process is accurately aligning the MR and CT images, a task that becomes particularly challenging in frequently moving body areas, such as the head‐and‐neck. Misalignments in these images can result in blurred synthetic CT (sCT) images, adversely affecting the precision and effectiveness of the treatment planning. Purpose This study introduces a novel network that cohesively unifies image generation and registration processes to enhance the quality and anatomical fidelity of sCTs derived from better‐aligned MR images. Methods The approach synergizes a generation network (G) with a deformable registration network (R), optimizing them jointly in MR‐to‐CT synthesis. This goal is achieved by alternately minimizing the discrepancies between the generated/registered CT images and their corresponding reference CT counterparts. The generation network employs a UNet architecture, while the registration network leverages an implicit neural representation (INR) of the displacement vector fields (DVFs). We validated this method on a dataset comprising 60 head‐and‐neck patients, reserving 12 cases for holdout testing. Results Compared to the baseline Pix2Pix method with MAE 124.9530.74 HU, the proposed technique demonstrated 80.987.55 HU. The unified translation‐registration network produced sharper and more anatomically congruent outputs, showing superior efficacy in converting MR images to sCTs. Additionally, from a dosimetric perspective, the plan recalculated on the resulting sCTs resulted in a remarkably reduced discrepancy to the reference proton plans. Conclusions This study conclusively demonstrates that a holistic MR‐based CT synthesis approach, integrating both image‐to‐image translation and deformable registration, significantly improves the precision and quality of sCT generation, particularly for the challenging body area with varied anatomic changes between corresponding MR and CT.
Interventional treatment with autoexpandable stents in iliofemoral arterial diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interventional treatment is an important alternative in the complex algorithm of treatment in PAOB. Intraarterial stenting significantly improves the immediate and the long term results of interventional treatment, and autoexpandable stents with thermal memory show superior results. Laser angioplasty is an adjuvant method which significantly improves the results of interventional treatment. In all these methods, a very important role plays the good cooperation of the team formed by cardiologist, angiologist and vascular surgeon.
Spectroscopic characterization of nine binary star systems as well as HIP107136 and HIP107533

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of our 2nd radial velocity monitoring campaign, carried out with the Échelle spectrograph FLECHAS at the University Observatory Jena in the course of the Großschwabhausen binary survey between December 2016 and June 2018. The aim of this project is to obtain precise radial velocity measurements for spectroscopic binary stars in order to redetermine, verify, improve and constrain their Keplerian orbital solutions. In this paper we describe the observations, data reduction and analysis and present the results of this project. In total, we have taken 721 RV measurements of 11 stars and derived well determined orbital solutions for 9 systems (7 single-, and 2 double-lined spectroscopic binaries) with periods in the range between 2 and 70 days. In addition, we could rule out the orbital solutions for the previously classified spectroscopic binary systems HIP107136 and HIP107533, whose radial velocities are found to be constant on the km/s-level over a span of time of more than 500 days. In the case of HIP2225 a significant change of its systematic velocity is detected between our individual observing epochs, indicating the presence of an additional companion, which is located on a wider orbit in this system.
URGENCY OF REGULATION: AIRCRAFT AS OBJECT OF CREDIT GUARANTEE (Turnitin)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until now in Indonesia, there is no specific regulation regarding aircraft as collateral object. As a result, in
practice, the aviation industry players experienced obstacles related to aircraft financing by guarantee agreements
with aircraft objects. Such conditions create legal uncertainty both for credit providers (creditors) and the aircraft
guarantees (debtors), because there are no references or signs that can provide direction in the guarantee
agreement. If there is a default by the debtor, the creditor has no legal basis for how to execute it. To fill the legal
vacuum, in practice, a guarantee agreement was found with the fiduciary deed of the aircraft. Whereas the
Fiduciary Law expressly states that it does not apply to (mortgages) aircraft. While on the other hand, Law No. 20
of 2014 concerning Notary Position gives authority to the notary to make an aircraft mortgage deed. Thus the
regulations in Indonesia give signals to use aircraft as collateral object. Such a situation demands the urgency for
regulations on aircraft guarantee that can provide legal certainty and legal protection for the parties.
An Analysis Of Obsidian Artifacts from the Black Mountain Redoubt (48FR6463): A Late Archaic to Late Prehistoric Shoshone Campsite in Northwestern Wyoming

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Black Mountain Redoubt is a small Late Archaic through Late Prehistoric campsite in northwestern Wyoming associated with a series of communal bighorn sheep hunting traps. A diverse tools assemblage along with several house features indicates a wide range of activities specifically associated with bighorn sheep hunting. We use a 100 percent analysis of the obsidian formal tool and debitage assemblage as a test of obsidian conveyance in western Wyoming. Obsidian artifacts come from the five major regional sources but are dominated by Obsidian Cliff materials in keeping with the Yellowstone Plateau conveyance zone. In contrast, obsidian from Malad, Idaho is rare. There is no difference in the outcomes of the source analysis when comparing formal tools and debitage indicating that previous interpretations of regional obsidian conveyance are robust. The analysis also provides an opportunity to examine the technological differences in which artifacts from different sources enter the site’s archaeological record. Obsidian formal tools are limited to projectile points and bifaces. Obsidian debitage analysis indicates that these materials enter the archaeological record in many forms that are not specific to source. The key difference between sources in the obsidian debitage assemblage is artifact size, but contrary to expectations artifacts from the closest sources are not necessarily the largest in the assemblage. This analysis highlights the potential of detailed obsidian source analysis from a single site that integrates both formal tools and debitage into a comprehensive interpretation of obsidian technological organization.
End-point sensitivity in quantum dynamic calculations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A simple way is described for assessing the accuracy of quantum dynamic calculations as the (integration) end-points are varied. It depends upon the determination of first order elementary sensitivity coefficients (i.e., partial derivatives) of the corresponding dynamic scattering matrix with respect to each of the chosen end-points. The sensitivity coefficients draw upon knowledge of the propagated wavefunction matrix; no further significant work is required than that which is already involved in obtaining the scattering matrix.
RARE-05. PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS – A SINGLE INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE STUDY (2002-2017)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency is a major risk factor for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), but studies rarely focus on disease in immunocompromised hosts. We aimed to define clinical and imaging features and determine prognostic factors for PCNSL in the immunocompromised host. METHODS: All 120 biopsy confirmed PCNSL cases seen at Yale-New Haven Hospital between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively screened for primary or acquired immunodeficiency. Biopsies were again reviewed by a single pathologist and clinical, imaging, other diagnostic data, treatment and outcome data were reviewed. Predictors of survival were identified using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test (GraphPad Prism software). P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with acquired immunodeficiencies were included: eleven with central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS PTLD), seven with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and five patients with long term immunosuppressive treatment due to various autoimmune disorders (AID). All subgroups shared distinct clinical features that distinguished them from PCNSL in the immunocompetent host: they were largely Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) positive (PTLD: 91%, HIV: 71%, AID: 60%), histologically classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (PTLD: 73%, HIV: 100%, AID: 80%) and showed peripheral enhancement on MRI (PTLD: 73%, HIV: 71%, AID: 60%). Overall median survival was 31 months (PTLD: 16 months, HIV: 26 months, AID: 98 months). Age over 60 years at pathological diagnosis was identified as a negative prognostic factor (p < 0.01). Patients with peripheral enhancement on MRI also showed significantly shorter overall survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PCNSL in immunocompromised hosts presents with similar clinical and imaging features suggesting a common EBV driven pathogenesis. Differences in survival may reflect severity of comorbidities. Age over 60 years and ring enhancement on MRI may serve as predictors of less favorable outcome.
Clean energy futures and place-based responses: A comparison of letters-to-the-editor in two Australian regions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A region's cultural environment-how people communicate and how local media represent the immediate social and natural environment-is indicative of local dominant normative values that underpin potential capacities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This article explores this premise with a comparison of two regions in Australia: Northern Rivers (New South Wales) and Ipswich-Lockyer (Queensland), and draws attention to readers' letters published in two daily newspapers, The Queensland Times (Ipswich) and The Northern Star (Lismore), with a specific focus on the Clean Energy Legislative Package. Leximancer software is used to analyse the content of readers' letters published over a nine-month period coinciding with the passage of the legislation through the Australian parliament. The results indicate important differences in local discourses and suggest a focus on local socio-cultural landscapes and their capacities for community dialogue are potentially useful for understanding how communities talk about, and the extent to which they will accept climate change policies.
Design and Application of BP Neural Network Optimization Method Based on SIWSPSO Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

BP neural network method can deal with nonlinear and uncertain problems well and is widely used in the construction of classification, clustering, prediction, and other models. However, BP neural network method has some limitations in fitting nonlinear functions, such as slow convergence speed and easy local optimal convergence rather than global optimal convergence. In order to solve the insufficiency, the optimization approach applying BP neural networks is discussed. This paper proposes a simplified PSO algorithm based on stochastic inertia weight (SIWSPSO) algorithm to optimize BP neural network. In order to test the effect and applicability of the method, this paper established a quality safety risk warning based on SIWSPSO-BP network and selected the detection data of intelligent door lock products for risk warning experiment. The experimental results show that the convergence speed of SIWSPSO-BP model was increased by two times and the accuracy of product quality risk warning reached 85%, which significantly improves the accuracy and learning efficiency of risk warning.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE COMPUTER UNDERSTANDING AND EXPERIENCE SCALE1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The two-factor structure (Technical Competence, General Competence) of the Computer Understanding and Experience Scale was examined through confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 293 undergraduates from a medium-sized university located in the southern USA. Analysis indicated that the two-factor subscale structure of the Computer Understanding and Experience Scale was supported. The Computer Understanding and Experience Scale's total score is internally consistent (.82) with reliability coefficients for the two subscales of .75 for Technical Competence and .71 for General Competence. The importance of increasing diversity of the sample in subsequent studies is discussed.
Hookworm Infection in Great Britain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

heights of children of parents whose mean height was 69.5 in.-that is, above average stature.In the frequency series 1, 16, 4, 17, 27, 20, 33, 25, 20, 11, 4, 5, which he quotes, there are three prominent peaks.These he ignores, saying no one has paid any attention to them, that such variation is " natural with such small numbers " (actually the chance of this being so is less than 1: 100), and possibly because they were not what he was looking for.I contend that he should have been look- ing for multimodality, and in 1963 I tested this contention on the heights of 760 univer- sity students and their parents.The results, which supported the view put forward here, were published in the Lancet' in a column adjacent to a letter from Sir George and under the same heading.It is interesting that these results find no place in his recent lecture and bibliography.
Water Regulation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The chapter begins with a discussion of the economic rationale for centralized water regulations and reviews the important features of various water pricing methods. It then formulates the pricing scheme that implements the optimal policy. This optimal pricing scheme consists of (i) water prices that vary across users’ sectors (domestic, industrial, agricultural), (ii) a water flow–based charge levied on suppliers of natural water representing to the shadow (or in situ) price of natural water, (iii) a flow-based charge levied on suppliers of recycled water representing the shadow price of this water (associated with the constraint that recycled water supply cannot exceed the flow of treated sewage generated by domestic and industrial users), and (iv) a quota-based compensation for suppliers of environmental water. Special attention is given to the allocation and pricing of environmental water, i.e., water that supports ecosystem services, and to the role of the shadow (in situ) price of natural water. It is shown that the optimal pricing scheme admits cost recovery, in that the water proceeds it generates cover all the variable and capital costs of supply, including the cost associated with construction and maintaining the infrastructure needed to extract, divert, produce (recycled, desalination), convey water to different sectors, and treat the sewage flow generated by domestic and industrial users. The chapter ends with an example based on Israel’s water economy.
Abstract 4144007: Regional differences of treatment disparities in Black and White patients with peripheral artery disease across the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Racial disparities exist regarding treatment and outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the United States (US). Black versus White Americans are more likely to have delayed PAD diagnosis and are at higher risk of lower limb amputation. Aim: To investigate regional differences in PAD treatment disparities between Black and White Americans. Methods: Data on 2,376,300 Black and White Medicare Fee-For-Service beneficiaries with a first diagnosis of PAD between 2018 and 2022 were studied. Patient counts for diagnosis, revascularization, and amputation were summarized for each state and used to create forest plots of revascularization and amputation rates. County-level rates of revascularization and amputation rates by race were also correlated against publicly available county-level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Results: Black versus White patients were slightly younger (75.8±7.9 years vs 76.9±7.8 years; p<0.001) and more likely female (54.7% vs 47.8%; p<0.001) with higher prevalence of comorbidities. Black patients were more likely to undergo procedures for PAD compared with White patients with marked variation between states (Figure 1). Black patients were also more likely to have revascularizations or amputations compared with White patients (8.4% vs 7.0%; p<0.001 and 3.0% vs 0.9%; p<0.001, respectively). Correlations between county-level SVI and revascularization rates were stronger among white patients (rho = 0.08, p-value = 0.005) compared to Black patients (rho = 0.04, p-value = 0.40). Similarly, correlations between county-level SVI and amputation rates were stronger among White patients (rho = 0.27, p-value <0.01) compared to Black patients (rho = 0.12, p-value = 0.17). Conclusion: Treatment disparities between Black and White patients with PAD differed markedly in the US by state with largest racial differences in amputation rates occurring among Southern states. Community-level risk, as identified by the SVI, may play a role in certain treatment patterns and warrant further investigation. Full data on this will be presented.
＜Poster＞Synthesis of 2-NBDLG, the antipode of fluorescent D-glucose tracer 2-NBDG

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

D-Glucose is one of the most important energy sources for the survival of various organisms, from E. coli\nto mammals. For live-cell monitoring of glucose uptake at the single-cell level, a fl uorescent D-glucose derivative 2-[N-\n（7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4- yl）amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose [2-NBDG], which we developed, has been widely used in\nvarious research fi elds. For the last ten years, however, researchers have awaited an optical control substance for\nevaluating the extent of non-specifi c adsorption of 2-NBDG upon plasma membrane and/or the rate of unhealthy\n2-NBDG uptake through partially（ or transiently） damaged membrane.\n Here we introduce a fluorescent L-glucose derivative, 2-[N（- 7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa- 1,3-diazol-4-yl）amino]- 2-deoxy-Lglucose\n[2-NBDLG]. L-Glucosamine is a key intermediate toward the synthesis of 2-NBDLG, but not commercially\navailable. Although a few papers on the synthesis of L-glucosamine have been reported, a new synthetic method of\nL-glucosamine should be absolutely required in practical view of optical purity and preparative scale. We converted\ncommercially available L-mannose into desired L-glucosamine by 10 steps in 14% of overall yield. The 1H-NMR\ndata of synthetic L-glucosamine were completely identical with those of commercially available D-glucosamine.\nOn the other hand, optical purity of L-glucosamine was confi rmed by comparison of specifi c rotation with that of\nD-glucosamine. L-Glucosamine thus obtained was coupled with NBD-halide to give 2-NBDLG. Use of transporterrecognizable\n（D-isomer） and unrecognizable （L-isomer） fluorescent analogues combined with real-time confocal\nmicroscopy, should provide valuable information on dynamism of glucose transport.
Supplementary Data from Adjuvant Imatinib in Patients with GIST Harboring Exon 9 KIT Mutations: Results from a Multi-institutional European Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Adjuvant Imatinib in Patients with GIST Harboring Exon 9 KIT Mutations: Results from a Multi-institutional European Retrospective Study
The Genesis of the Declaration of Breda, 1657-1660

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Genesis of the Declaration of Breda, 1657–1660 Get access Paul H. Hardacre Paul H. Hardacre Professor of History Vanderbilt University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 15, Issue 1, Winter 1973, Pages 65–82, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/15.1.65 Published: 01 January 1973