jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design, fabrication and applications of biomimetic sensors in biorobotics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to discuss an ideal design procedure for biologically-inspired artificial sensors. The main steps of this procedure are the following: (1) analysis of force and position sensors in animals and humans; (2) design and implementation of biologically-inspired sensors in innovative biorobotic and biomechatronic systems (e.g., antropomorphic robots, animaloids, and prostheses). According to this sequence, the first part of the paper is dedicated to the presentation of some features of force and motion sensors in animals and humans. Then, some applications of biologically-inspired systems to sense force and position in different robots are illustrated and discussed.
Determination of Cholesterol Content in Waste Fat by Dual-wavelength Spectrophotometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[Objective]The aim was to find a way to measure the cholesterol content in deserted oil.[Method]Dual-wavelength spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of cholesterol in edible oil.630 nm and 720 nm were set as target band and reference band in this method,respectively.The result was compared to liquid chromatography method.[Result]The relative standard deviation(RSD)was at 1.26% and recovery was between 101.9% and 110.7%.Linear range was 8.0-40.0 μg/ml.The tested result was close to the result of liquid chromatography.[Conclusion]It was proved that this method was easy,fast and accurate.The disturbance of sitosterol was eliminated without isolation.It can be used for fast identification of the authenticity of waste fat.
Art Teacher Agency in Technology Integration: Evolving Media Art Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Digital technology has revolutionized cultural production in the arts, yet persistent barriers exist to advancing its integration into K-12 art classrooms. While the latest standards now include media arts as a distinct discipline, technology has profoundly transformed practices in all art disciplines. It has reshaped the mediums through which art is created, the ways it is shared, and the dominant aesthetics (Ito et al., 2013; Peppler, 2010). With these evolving forms of cultural production, this dissertation study asked how teachers understood their own agency in making sense of technology integration and in shaping learning conditions to meet their goals. Using 19 interview transcripts from arts teachers in a three-year professional development program for technology integration, I employed grounded theory methods (Charmaz, 2014; Glaser, 1978) to generate a theoretical framework by exploring the following questions 1) how did teachers describe their agency and students’ agency in media art projects? and 2) What tensions and possibilities in agency, if any, were described around technology integration? Art teachers described their agency in expanding their art discipline using technology to increase relevance by bridging in-school and out-of-school artmaking practices, and to support their students to deepen artistic meaning by using more modalities and roles for creative production. Teachers described student agency in how they shifted authority to students to 1) be teachers, 2) source technology-based artmaking tools, and 3) use technological tools to support self-assessment and revision processes. In navigating new disciplinary terrain, teachers drew upon past and future orientations to make sense of how technology has and will continue to impact their discipline. This theoretical framework for how teachers integrated technology offers ways of reimagining art disciplines as evolving cultural practices (Warren et al., 2020) that also belong to students. These concepts will increasingly need analytic attention as new technological tools, such as artificial intelligence, can center efficiency over intention, completion over process, and leave values and bias unexamined. Openly grappling with how digital technology impacts learning and artmaking is a critical part of agency for teachers and students in evolving media arts practices.
Additional file 4 of Study protocol for a randomised, patient- and observer-blinded evaluation of P6 acustimulation for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period in patients receiving routine pharmacological prophylaxis (P6NV-Trial)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 4. Postoperative side effects questionnaire (PON-F). Own illustration as included in the case report form (CRF).
The Catholic Church and land ownership in South Africa : 1994-2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Freedom Charter statement regarding land is highlighted as follows: \n“The land shall be shared among those who work it, demands a redistribution of the land and state assistance for the peasantry, as well as the abolition of any restrictions on movements of people, access to land, and stock holdings.” \nThe quest for inclusive and participatory governance enshrined in the South Africa’s Land Reform Programme resonates with efforts to develop and strengthen an active and critical rights based citizenship. The need to boost local community awareness of land reform challenges necessitates continuous evaluations of the lived realities of poor communities through participatory and collaborative methodologies in order to articulate their socio-economic problems. Land is regarded as a resource that gives people access to certain basic needs necessary for them to lead a dignified life. \nThis research explores the participation of the Catholic Church on land reform programmes in South Africa between 1994 and 2014. It also looks at the Catholic Church’s land ownership policy and how it has been using its land in two decades of democracy (1994-2014). This research further explores the Catholic vision for land reform in South Africa. It also highlights some key theological criteria which may assist to achieve the intended objectives. In the light of this reality, the research shows that there is lack of meaningful progress in enabling those who are impoverished to assert their right to own land. Even the majority that have benefited from various land reform programmes and have become land owners have not received sufficient support to enable them to use and care for the land in such a way that benefits them. This leads to an unproductive and demeaning lifestyle. More emphasis needs to be placed on proper financial support from the government. Further emphasis needs to be placed on training for skills development as a condition for receiving Church assistance on the part of the beneficiaries.
Assessment of Feed Resources Availability for Livestock in the Semi Arid Region of Andhra Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to assess feed resource availability in two of the 6 agro-climatic zones of Andhra Pradesh i.e., southern zone (Chittoor, Kadapa and Nellore) and scarce rainfall zone (Anantapur and Kurnool) which are relatively deficient in rainfall as compared to the remaining zones. The dry agro climatic zones of Andhra Pradesh were deficient in total dry matter availability of feeds to meet the requirements of livestock and poultry. Furthermore, there was a severe shortage of green forages and concentrates to meet the requirements of milch cattle and poultry. Even though the region was marginally self-sufficient in terms of dry forage availability, the majority of these forages were nutritionally poor cereal straws. Hence, suitable strategies should be developed for the efficient utilization of existing feed and fodder resources to improve animal productivity in region.
Genetically Controlled Alterations in the Rate of Degradation of Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Differences in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1) between sublines of the Balb/c inbred mouse strain were examined. The adrenal glands of the Balb/cJ strain possessed nearly twice as much enzyme activity as the glands of the Balb/cN line. This difference was reflected in the adrenal gland content of the enzyme, since it took nearly twice as much anti-phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase antiserum to precipitate the enzyme from the Balb/cJ line. Analysis of F1 and F2 progeny of the mating between Balb/cJ and Balb/cN lines revealed the enzyme levels to be controlled by a single genetic locus. Turnover studies showed the rates of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase synthesis to be the same in the two mouse sublines, but that the enzyme in the Balb/cN line was degraded at a rate twice that of the enzyme in the Balb/cJ line. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase from both sublines was similar with respect to substrate affinities, thermal stability, tryptic stability, and electrophoretic mobility. On the basis of these studies, it is postulated that a single gene locus has mutated in one of these strains and that this mutation resulted in the altered degradation rate of the enzyme.
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Spider (Araneae, Arachnida) Fauna of Lithuania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper summarises information about 51 spider species new to the Lithuanian fauna from the families Pholcidae, Theridiidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Agelenidae, Hahniidae, Dictynidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Philodromidae, Thomisidae, and Salticidae. 29 species belong to the species typical and common to Central Europe. The species Robertus ungulatus, Pirata insularis, Gnaphosa muscorum, nageles hilarulus, Attulus saltator, and Sitticus dzieduszyckii, have been recorded as rare in Europe. The occurrence of Haplodrassus dalmatensis, Cyclosa oculata, and Philaeus chrysops in Lithuania is interesting from the zoogeographical point of view. At present, the checklist of the Lithuanian fauna includes 328 spider species.
Resistance of a Previously Screened Old Japanese Watermelon Cultivar to Diverse Anthracnose Strains and Its Inheritance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare, is one of the most severe diseases in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation in Japan. Genetically conferred host resistance is the best way to control it. To develop new cultivars with high resistance, identification of promising sources of resistance is important. We focused on an old Japanese cultivar, 'Tanso Teikosei' (NR28), with high resistance, preserved at the Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, evaluated its resistance to diverse C. orbiculare strains distributed in Japan, and revealed the inheritance of its resistance. NR28 and two other accessions were resistant to the highly virulent MAFF 306737 strain. NR28 was also resistant to 16 other strains collected from various regions of Japan. Many strains caused severe symptoms and wilting in susceptible accessions, including the popular Japanese F1 cultivar WF01. CAPS marker analysis indicated that NR28 and the two other resistant accessions were homozygous for the resistance allele of Cla001017, previously reported as the gene responsible for resistance to US race 1. Susceptible accessions were homozygous for the susceptibility allele at Cla001017. Segregation analyses using F2 and BC1F1 lines derived from crosses between NR28 and a susceptible accession suggested that the dominant mutant allele of Cla001017 caused the high resistance of NR28. In contrast, NR28 and other resistant accessions homozygous for the resistance allele of Cla001017 were highly susceptible to two strains sampled in Iwate Prefecture. This suggests that these strains have overcome the Cla001017 resistance allele, as have strains of C. orbiculare classified as US race 2. NR28 and the two other resistant accessions are promising materials for breeding resistance in diverse C. orbiculare strains distributed in Japan that have similar pathogenicity to US race 1. The CAPS marker that we designed in this study offers efficient analysis for watermelon breeding.
Lineage and role in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Accurate species delimitation is paramount to studies of biodiversity and ecology. Lineage concepts applying coalescent approaches to species delimitation have become increasingly popular, yet have been questioned recently in their ultimate value, and for conflating species boundaries with population structure. The ‘Phenophyletic Species Concept’ explicitly considers both lineages and ecological ‘role’ shifts and provides an opportunity to incorporate ecologically meaningful data from multiple sources in studies of species boundaries. Here, the Phenophyletic Concept was applied to a problematic group of mycoheterotrophic orchids, the Corallorhiza striata complex, by analyzing genomic, morphological, phenological, reproductive-mode, niche, and fungal host data. Our recently developed method for generating genomic polymorphism data–ISSRseq–demonstrates strong evidence for four distinct lineages. There is evident divergence in morphology, phenology, reproductive mode, and fungal associates among the lineages; however, none of the datasets aside from genomic data fully satisfy the condition of a significant ‘role’ shift, which requires evidence of fixed differences in the ‘extended phenotype.’ The four principal lineages identified in the current study are thus recognized at the level of variety, short of comprising different species. This study represents the most comprehensive application of the Phenophyletic Species Concept to date, and illustrates the advantages of such an approach.
Understanding Local Government System through E-Tax System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is aimed to give understanding on an e-tax system as the teaching media in strengthening the understanding on the lecture of local government system. E-government is a nowadays phenomenon in the world to fix the quality of services towards society and the internal efficiency of the government's organization. E-tax system policy in operating local government system is understood as an order changing on local government which in turn affecting the systemic changing related to employee performance system, service system, licensing system, and workforce management system. Besides, an e-tax system as one of the public service models which can be a solution in overcoming the local bureaucracy and public service still becomes the obstacle in actualizing the good and clean government
[Structural factors and the DOPA oxidase activity of membrane-bound tyrosinase].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technology has held numerous promises: for a better internet, for decentralization, for a critique of power – and maybe even a critique of capitalism. Until, that is, capitalism struck back and turned this new tech into a symptom rather than a solution. But is there still the potential to change trajectory? Wassim Alsindi talks to Simon Denny about the function of ideology in Web3 communities, the origin of seed phrases, and the role of art in enabling positive change.\nAn astrophysicist by education, Wassim explains why he started working at the crossroad of science, Web3 initiatives, and art. He talks about ...
Chemotherapeutic Agents and the Kidney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Chemotherapeutic agents have toxicities that extend beyond their therapeutic effect on malignant cells, and the kidneys are involved in the metabolism of these agents. Kidney toxicity delay the elimination of anticancer drugs from the body and increase the risk of systemic toxicity. Conventional chemotherapeutics generally cause direct renal tubular injury and electrolyte wasting syndromes. Newer cancer treatments include targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Targeted therapy, especially the drugs that target vascular endothelial growth factor, disrupt the crosstalk between podocytes and endothelial cells of the glomerulus resulting in a spectrum of glomerular diseases. On the other hand, immune checkpoint inhibitors release the break on the immune system and can cause immune-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis similar to autoimmune diseases. This chapter summarizes nephrotoxicity profiles of some of the common conventional chemotherapeutics as well as newer anticancer agents.
Progress in Nanomaterials-Based Optical and Electrochemical Methods for the Assays of Exosomes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Xiaohua Ma,1 Yuanqiang Hao,1 Lin Liu1,2 1Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuanqiang Hao; Lin Liu Email hao0736@163.com; liulin82414@aliyun.comAbstract: Exosomes with diameters of 30– 150 nm are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. They play an important role in many biological processes, such as tumor-related immune response and intercellular signal transduction. Exosomes have been considered as emerging and noninvasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Recently, a large number of optical and electrochemical biosensors have been proposed for sensitive detection of exosomes. To meet the increasing demands for ultrasensitive detection, nanomaterials have been integrated with various techniques as powerful components. Because of their intrinsic merits of biological compatibility, excellent physicochemical features and unique catalytic ability, nanomaterials have significantly improved the analytical performances of exosome biosensors. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of cancer-derived exosomes, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and so on.Keywords: exosomes, nanomaterials, circulating tumor biomarkers, electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor
A Fast Decoupled State Estimator for Systems Measured by PMUs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Given the rapid increase in the number of phasor measurement units (PMU) installed in substations in recent years, it is not unrealistic to assume that most transmission systems will be fully observable by only PMU measurements in the not so distant future. Such a scenario will enable faster and numerically easier state estimation solution which will be non-iterative due to the linearity of the PMU measurement equations. However, as will be shown in this paper, the benefits do not end there and a closer look at these equations reveals further possibilities of simplification and therefore improved performance of state estimators that use only PMU measurements. Specifically, the paper formulates an alternative decoupled solution, which reduces the size of the state estimation problem, increases computational performance yet maintains high solution accuracy. Both state estimation as well as bad data processing can be efficiently carried out within the developed decoupled formulation.
Evaluating the Neuroprotective Potential of Novel Benzodioxole Derivatives in Parkinson’s Disease via AMPA Receptor Modulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant health issue because it gradually damages the nervous system. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors play a significant role in the development of PD. The current investigation employed hybrid benzodioxole-propanamide (BDZ-P) compounds to get information on AMPA receptors, analyze their biochemical and biophysical properties, and assess their neuroprotective effects. Examining the biophysical characteristics of all the subunits of the AMPA receptor offers insights into the impact of BDZ-P on the desensitization and deactivation rate. It demonstrates a partial improvement in the locomotor capacities in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In addition, the in vivo experiment assessed the locomotor activity by utilizing the open-field test. Our findings demonstrated that BDZ-P7 stands out with its remarkable potency, inhibiting the GluA2 subunit nearly 8-fold with an IC50 of 3.03 μM, GluA1/2 by 7.5-fold with an IC50 of 3.14 μM, GluA2/3 by nearly 7-fold with an IC50 of 3.19 μM, and GluA1 by 6.5-fold with an IC50 of 3.2 μM, significantly impacting the desensitization and deactivation rate of the AMPA receptor. BDZ-P7 showed an in vivo impact of partially reinstating locomotor abilities in a mouse model of PD. The results above suggest that the BDZ-P7 compounds show great promise as top contenders for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
Methodology for Determination of Ice Management Efficiency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of ice management (IM) operations, which is part of a larger effort aimed at developing efficient IM systems. Ice dynamics simulations are used to determine ice forces on an assumed structure. The simulations examine the role of variables that can be altered by IM operations such as floe size, ice confinement and ice pressure. The results provide means for quantifying the benefits from icebreaking operations, which is a needed input for the design and optimization of IM systems. Ongoing work employs related techniques to determine icebreaking requirements and IM efficiency.
Run-time verification using the VHDL-AMS simulation environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Analog and Mixed Signal (AMS) designs are an important part of embedded systems that link digital designs to the analog world. Due to challenges associated with its verification process, AXIS designs require a considerable portion of the total design cycle time. In this paper, we propose a run-time verification approach for VHDL-AMS designs. The essence of this approach is the construction of timed automata from the given specification. Such automata used as monitor, when interfaced with the VHDL-AMS simulator, detect whether the property of interest is violated or satisfied by a simulation trace. For illustration purposes, we applied the approach using VHDL-AMS simulation environment for the verification of a PLL design.
The influence of contradicting implication on inference generation in discourse processing: a phantom recollection approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Many cognitive processes influence how we encode, store, and retrieve what we read. Two processes are considered to affect retrieval from memory: recollection and familiarity. Recollection is the explicit retrieval of the context; whereas familiarity is a vaguer feeling of remembering without knowing the exact context. Many factors influence how both recollection and familiarity function. In my M.A. thesis, participants read two-sentence passages, in which the second sentence either stated an action or implied it, and the first sentence either supported or contradicted the event of the second sentence. The participants received one of three types on instructions and made recognition judgments about test sentences in the context of the prior passages. Stating an action, and moreover making it distinct due to contradiction, would lead to more accurate recall of the same test sentence due to a high influence of recollection. Implying an action would result in inference generation of the stated action. This would indicate a high influence of familiarity on recognition judgments. A multinomial model was implemented in order to estimate the relative contributions of these distinct memory processes.