jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increase of late MEG component by perceptual transition in binocular rivalry

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon created by presenting similar but different images for both eyes simultaneously. Many previous studies have investigated various brain responses to binocular rivalry. However, the response of the perceptual transition in binocular rivalry has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to measure the response of the perceptual transition in binocular rivalry by using motion rivalry stimuli with various motion angles. It is known that the perception of motion rivalry stimuli has two conditions depending on the angle between the two directions of motion. One is a rivalrous condition that causes binocular rivalry and perceptual transition, and the other is a fused condition that does not cause them. The visual evoked fields (VEFs) in five healthy subjects were recorded with a 440‐channel whole‐head magnetoencephalogram (MEG) system. We classified the trials as representing the rivalrous or fused conditions and calculated the time averages of root mean square (RMS) values at every 100 ms in each condition. The time averages of the RMS values of the rivalrous condition were significantly larger than those of the fused condition after 400 ms poststimulus. These results suggest that the perceptual transition in binocular rivalry increased the late MEG component. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(4): 12– 19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10076
The Music and Politics of Alan Bush with Reference to the Application of his Socialist Principles to his Workers’ Choral Music and Songs between 1926 and 1939

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite his overt Socialist beliefs, Alan Bush’s music was held in high esteem by the musical establishment until he began writing what he termed his ‘workers’ songs’ for the Labour movement, at which point he was accused of lowering his standards. His harmonic language, however, shows a masterly and intellectual approach to the composition of what, initially, appear to be unremarkable and somewhat simplistic songs. There is nevertheless a clear distinction between his functional songs for untrained workers’ choirs and ‘art-songs’ for more experienced ones: the tonal and harmonic complexities of the latter continue to prove challenging to modern performers. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate selective workers’ choral music and songs written by Alan Bush (1900-1995) between 1926 and 1939, specifically for use by Labour Choirs, in the context of the circumstances of their composition, namely, Bush’s early life and politics, and his developing political credo during the inter-war years. This will lead to a greater understanding of an important, if underrated, element of his compositions and musical activity for the working class. Having joined the Labour Movement in 1925, Bush’s socialist principles eventually led him to active membership of the British Communist party in 1935. His involvement, with the London Labour Choral Union from 1925, and the Workers’ Music Association from 1936, included music education and training, and the composition and performance of workers’ choral music and songs. He also wrote music for large-scale pageants and festivals. The extent to which Bush’s works adhered to his personal Marxist beliefs will be explored in relation to the blueprint he devised for the composition of such workers’ music in 1936. The outbreak of the second World War in 1939 did not mark the end of his workers’ music, although the style of this remained substantially the same thereafter. Furthermore, in the years that followed, Bush’s musical style would gradually change, and the texts that he set took on a more international dimension.
Flow cytometric DNA measurement and cytomorphometric analysis of formalin fixed rat mammary tumours.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Archival paraffin embedded material was used to examine whether additional quantitative criteria would be helpful to discriminate between histologically benign and malignant rat mammary tumours. To this end nuclear DNA content expressed as DNA ploidy index (DI) was measured using flow cytometry (FCM). A total of 63 benign and malignant mammary tumours were investigated. Thirteen out of 38 (34%) mammary carcinomas were DNA aneuploid against 0 out of 25 benign mammary tumours. Aneuploidy was not significantly increased in tumours showing histological signs of greater malignancy such as cribriform-comedo type or invasive growth. In addition to DI other quantitative criteria indicative for malignancy, such as mitotic count and nuclear morphometric characteristics, were estimated in 24 benign and malignant tubulopapillary tumours, a category where the histological classification may be difficult. It appeared that five out of nine noninvasive tubulopapillary carcinomas and six out of seven invasive carcinomas had abnormal values for either DI, mitotic count or nuclear area or for a combination of these parameters. Each single parameter however was abnormal only in a minority of the malignant tumours. In this respect our data are in accordance with the fact that rat mammary carcinomas are clinically and histologically less malignant than their human counterparts.
Performance within a virtual supermarket and its relationship to executive functions in post-stroke patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Executive functions are defined as higher-order functions that are needed for performing complex or non-routine tasks. People who have had a stroke often suffer from impairments in executive functions which have implications for their ability to return to full participation in their everyday activities and occupations. During the rehabilitation process clinicians seek opportunities, which will not be time consuming or expensive, to engage patients in complex functional activities, in order to train and improve deficits in executive functions. One solution for this is using functional virtual environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility of using a virtual supermarket to assess and treat executive function deficits for people who have had a stroke, and to explore the relationships between performance within the virtual supermarket and executive functions. The virtual supermarket used in this study runs on a desktop computer and is easy to operate in typical clinical settings. Twenty-six people, aged 31 to 65 years, who had a stroke participated in the study. Participants were tested with the virtual supermarket where they were asked to buy seven products from a prepared list. Each participant was also tested with the behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. The results showed a large variance of performance within the virtual supermarket. In addition, moderate relationships were found between performance within the virtual supermarket and executive functions. The results point to the potential of the virtual supermarket to be used as an assessment and training tool for executive functions of people who have had a stroke
Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as promising vectors for mucosal vaccination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a diverse family of gram‐positive bacteria, has been proven effective in delivering varieties of therapeutic and prophylactic molecules such as antigens and cytokines. Featuring the properties of acid‐resistant, high uptake into Peyer's patches, and superior capacity for inducing secretory IgA antibodies, LAB have good potential to be used as vaccine vectors for mucosal vaccination. Mucosal immunization enables both mucosal and systemic immune responses, which are critical for resisting pathogens that invade the host through the mucosal surfaces. With the development of genetic engineering, LAB strains, primarily Lactococcus and Lactobacillus have been exploited to express a range of heterologous antigens. Numerous studies have demonstrated that LAB mucosal vaccines can stimulate all arms of the immune system to provide adequate protection against pathogen infections. Additionally, several LAB‐based human papillomavirus vaccines have entered the clinical trial studies, which suggest the great promise of LAB vaccines for new interventions in mucosal transport diseases. Herein, we will discuss the factors that influence the immunogenicity of LAB vaccines, including LAB strains, the location of antigens, and administration routes, and focus on the current strategies that have been reported for optimizing LAB vaccines.
Model querying with query models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Model querying is an integral part of Model-Driven Engineering. Developers query models when specifying model transformations, when defining model constraints, or simply when they need to extract some information from the model. Model queries are often specified in a general-purpose programming language, with developers just navigating models through their programming interfaces. OCL is the best known model query language, and while successful, it is difficult to express complex structural properties featured in target model elements. In this paper we describe a model query facility that aims at easing the description of structural features in a query. In our approach, developers model their queries by reusing fragments of the target model to specify the invariant parts of the template, augmented with variables and special relations to specify what can vary. The query itself conforms to a meta-model that extends the meta-model under-query. By reusing the queried meta- model developers can reduce the mental overhead that comes from using a different language to specify the queries. We have developed a proof of concept tool for the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) that (1) generates a query meta-model from a target meta- model, (2) allows the construction of queries using a graphical, graph-based editor and (3) executes the queries by translating them to a set of logic predicates that are then evaluated using an extension of the logic-based query language Ekeko.
Comprehensive Diagnostic Medical System Based on Notch1 Signaling Pathway to Inhibit the Growth of Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the gradual application of big data and other technologies to the medical field, more and more people tend to get online medical services. This article mainly studies the comprehensive diagnostic medical system based on Notch1 signaling pathway to inhibit the growth of small-cell lung carcinoma. In the experiment, we used the rapid thawing method to recover the cells and took the logarithmic growth phase cells for cell passage. We calculated the cell concentration and diluted the cells according to the experimental requirements. According to the standard curve, the corresponding sample protein concentration was calculated; at the same time, the Trizol method was used to extract the total RNA, the NanoDrop8000 spectrophotometer was used to determine the RNA concentration, and the RNA quality was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. We used immunohistochemical staining to complete the staining of lung cancer cells. Finally, black box testing was used to test the functional modules of the system. Experimental data show that the accuracy rate of data obtained by the system reaches 98%, which greatly facilitates doctors and patients. The results show that the system has good ease of use and reliability and improves the diagnosis and treatment of hospital patients.
China and Southeast Asia: Unbalanced Development in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Integrating with Southeast Asia is a key component of China’s multi-pronged regionalisation around its borders as its global rise continues. Xiangming Chen and Curtis Stone consider the ambition of China’s ‘Go Southwest’ strategy to extend its economic interests and influence into Southeast Asia, and explore how China’s regional assertion reinforces the larger trend of new spatial configurations in light of increasing globalisation. The authors show how simultaneous globalisation and regionalisation unleashes a dual process of de-bordering and re-bordering where the traditional barrier role of borders is yielding more to that of bridges, as small, marginal, and remote border cities and towns become larger centers of trade and tourism. This article examines China’s effort to engage Southeast Asia and many of China’s footprints within and beyond the cities of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Inter-country and intra-regional trade provides the starting point for examining the extent of economic integration in the GMS, and also its unbalanced development.
Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The giant grouper is characterized by its huge adult size, robust body, body depth of about 2.3- 3.4 times of standard length (SL). Head length is 2.2-2.7 times in standard length, inter-orbital area is flat to slightly convex, preopercle is rounded. Eyes small; eye diameter 5.8-14 in head length; maxilla reaches past vertical at rear edge of eye; mid-lateral part of lower jaw is with 2 or 3 rows of teeth (for 20-25 cm SL fish) and increasing to 15-16 rows in a fish of 177 cm standard length. Gill rakers of juveniles are 8-10 on upper limb, 14-17 on lower limb; rudiments in adults are difficult to distinguish from the bony plates covering the gill arch.
Workers' Apprehensions Due to Plant Relocation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The research examined the impact of a planned relocation of a firm in Israel on the apprehensions of its employees. 134 workers were given a 12-item questionnaire which dealt with worries they had concerning their positions after the relocation. Factor analysis of the items indicated two factors, apprehensions relating to the greater distance from home and apprehensions regarding the possible changes in the job situation. Women in non-managerial positions were more apprehensive than men holding similar positions regarding the first factor, while less so regarding the second factor. The only factor which significantly correlated with the workers' intention of leaving the organization after the transfer was the distance from home.
Community Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The law of the European Community is; by and large, similar to any other legal system. What is peculiar about it is that it is not only a self-contained system of its own, running side by side with national legal systems (much as English and Scottish legal systems have operated in parallel), but it is also closely intertwined with the laws of the individual member states. In this way it follows the basic pattern in all Community affairs: the Community concerns itself with policy and rules, while their execution is the responsibility of the member states. This interrelationship is clearly revealed by the nature of Community law. The influence of national laws is strong. In the field of restrictive practices, or competition law, Community rules are heavily influenced by German (and even American) ideas and practices. But Community law does not make up a complete code covering the whole field of, say, company law, which wholly replaces national law. Community law, therefore, needs to be seen in the context of the national laws of all 12 member states.KeywordsMember StateNational CourtInternational TreatyCommunity RuleConstitutional CourtThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the reproductive outcomes of patients bearing BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations. Methods In this retrospective observational cohort study, we assessed data from BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 carriers, analyzing demographics, oncological history, and reproductive outcomes. Statistical analysis compared BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 carriers. A thorough review of the literature was carried out. Results Fifty-eight patients were included. BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations were equally distributed. Eighty-nine pregnancies occurred in our series, hesitated in 73 live births and 19 miscarriages. Mean age at first and last pregnancy was 27.8 ± 4.8 and 31.6 ± 4.8 years old. Thirty-nine patients have had at least one live birth (67.2%). Mean number of live births was 1.9 ± 0.6. Live birth rate (LBR) was 81.1% and miscarriage rate was 32.8%. Spontaneous fertility was unaltered, as evidenced by high LBR. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences between BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 carriers. Conclusions Our results shows that spontaneous reproductive outcomes in BRCA-mutated patients are reassuring. Despite evidence indicating a decrease in ovarian reserve among BRCA patients, this factor seems to not impact spontaneous fertility negatively. Further research is needed, and individuals with BRCA mutations should consider early family planning and fertility preservation in case of partner absence.
Verhandelte (Un-) Freiheit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation is usually not perceived as a slave-holding state. Still, German envoys, merchants, missionaries, and soldiers brought back trafficked people with them – very often via other European countries and colonies. As in neighboring jurisdictions, the legal status of these trafficked persons in Germany was far from clear. Drawing on diverse court cases, this article shows how slave-holders and the enslaved sought legal arguments for their cause by activating networks and searching for precedents beyond the empire's borders. The German case not only documents the explicit affirmation of the slave status but also reveals its entanglements with serfdom.
Linking ethical leadership and behavioral outcomes through workplace spirituality: a study on Indian hotel industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to understand and examine the mediating role of workplace spirituality on ethical leadership and behavioral outcomes. The study used the social exchange theory and social learning theory to study the underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach The data was collected from 348 frontline hotel employees of North India using convenience sampling. The study used structural equation modeling and Macro PROCESS Hayes (2017) to test the hypothesized model. Findings The study found a positive association between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior and a negative association between ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Workplace spirituality mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and its outcomes. Practical implications The study brings out the significance of ethical leadership and workplace spirituality in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior and reducing unethical pro-organizational behavior. Originality/value There is a paucity of research done on the mediating role of workplace spirituality in understanding its significance in aligning ethical leadership and behavioral outcomes. Hence, the authors attempt to address this gap by understanding the role of workplace spirituality and its association with ethical leadership, unethical pro-organizational behavior and organizational citizenship behavior among the employees of the hotel industry.
Minimizing features while maintaining performance in data classification problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High dimensional classification problems have gained increasing attention in machine learning, and feature selection has become essential in executing machine learning algorithms. In general, most feature selection methods compare the scores of several feature subsets and select the one that gives the maximum score. There may be other selections of a lower number of features with a lower score, yet the difference is negligible. This article proposes and applies an extended version of such feature selection methods, which selects a smaller feature subset with similar performance to the original subset under a pre-defined threshold. It further validates the suggested extended version of the Principal Component Loading Feature Selection (PCLFS-ext) results by simulating data for several practical scenarios with different numbers of features and different imbalance rates on several classification methods. Our simulated results show that the proposed method outperforms the original PCLFS and existing Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) by giving reasonable feature reduction on various data sets, which is important in some applications.
A survey of fiber-positioning technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A wide range of positioning technologies has been exploited to flexibly configure fiber ends on the focal surfaces of telescopes. The earliest instruments used manual plugging, or glued buttons on the focal plane. Later instruments have used robotic fisherman-round-the-pond probes and articulated armsto position fibres, each probe or arm operated by its own motors, or buttons on fiber ends moved by pick-and-place robotic positioners. A positioner using fiber spines incorporating individual actuators operating over limited patrol areas is currently being manufactured and a derivative proposed for future large telescopes. Other techniques, using independent agents carrying the fiber ends about the focal plane have been prototyped. We describe these various fiber positioning techniques and compare them, listing the issues associated with their implementation, and consider the factors which make each of them suitable for a given situation. Factors considered include: robot geometries; costs; inherent limits to the number of fibers; clustering of targets; serial and parallel positioning and reconfiguration times; adaptability to curved focal surfaces; the virtues of on-telescope versus off-telescope configuration of the field, and suitability for the various telescope foci. The design issues include selection of actuators and encoding systems, counterbalancing, configuration of fiber buttons and their associated grippers, interchanging field plates, and the need for fiber retractors. Finally we consider the competing technologies: fiber and reflective image slicer IFUs, multislit masks and reconfigurable slits.
Surface temperature and infrared characteristics of oil storage tank

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The infrared radiation characteristics of oil storage tanks are an important basis for the detection and identification of oil tanks. The study of the infrared radiation characteristics of oil tanks is of great significance to the realization of infrared protection and stealth of oil tanks. This paper takes oil tanks as the research object, establishes a theoretical calculation model of the tank surface temperature field and a one-dimensional heat balance equation, and obtains the temperature distribution of the tank surface at various times. On this basis, the infrared radiation characteristics of the oil tank are further calculated, discussed and analyzed.