jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Corneal Biomechanical Changes After SMILE and LASIK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To compare the corneal biomechanical properties before and after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK in different levels of myopia with the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY). METHODS: A total of 187 and 79 eyes that received SMILE or LASIK, respectively, between January and June 2013 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped according to surgery type (SMILE or LASIK) and −6.00 diopters (D) or less (⩽ −6.00 D) or myopia greater than −6.00 D (>−6.00 D). Corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, and 37 waveform parameters were recorded and compared preoperatively and at 1 week and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease of corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, p1area, and p2area, and an increase of path1 and path2 in both SMILE and LASIK. In myopia −6.00 D or less, the differences between SMILE and LASIK were not significant ( P > .05), but in myopia greater than −6.00 D, the corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, p1area, and p2area decreased significantly more in LASIK than in SMILE ( P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: When comparing SMILE with LASIK, myopia was greater than −6.00 D, and the corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, p1area, and p2area decrease was less after SMILE. [ J Refract Surg . 2014;30(10):702–707.]
Computational Investigation of Eco-Friendly Fiber Reinforced Composite with the Application of Ansys ACP for Automobiles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, natural fiber reinforced composites and their application in various components in the automotive industry are one of the important issues. They are also considered an important also considered an important alternative to classical materials such as metals. This case study highlights the importance of the automotive industry turning to sustainable materials and practices to address environmental issues and achieve sustainability goals. These findings contribute to the knowledge regarding the process of carbon emission reduction strategies in the automotive industry. In this study, composites were evaluated under static loading, creating similar conditions and loads, but adjusting the lamination process and performing tensile tests of each section. Since Ansys workbench ACP-(pre) results in different distortions while analyzing data, an Ansys ACP-(post) was used to obtain more accurate results. The results show that composite 2 (bamboo–sisal-jute) of the temporary lamination has the least deformation in the Z-direction and the smallest total value 33 mm and 13987 mm. This study shows that replacing conventional materials likecomposites of steel, aluminium, carbon fiber and glass fiber with Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) can yield significant reductions in carbon emissions, with potential emission reductions of up to 21.92 times depending on the material replaced. This transition to NFRCs presents a promising strategy for achieving substantial environmental benefits in the automotive industry.
DOCUMENTED MEMORIES OF RICHARD MOKO'S LIFE AND CONTRIBUTION: A SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST HERITAGE REFLECTION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The celebration of leaders has not been in the centre stage of Seventh-day Adventist practice. There are several reasons for this: the fear of this getting out of hand, leading to the veneration of human leaders; the contested histories and memories of leaders; and a need to create a distance between the dead and the living. This article reflects on the documented memory of contribution of a Seventh-day Adventist South African pioneer, Richard Moko.
Improved electrical characterization of Al–Ti ohmic contacts on p-type ion implanted 6H-SiC

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the electrical characterization of low resistance Al–Ti 72/28 wt% ohmic contacts to a p-type ion implanted 6H-SiC layer. Transmission line model (TLM) structures were realized on the top of MESA islands defined in this ion implanted layer. A metal scheme composed of Al-1%Si(350 nm)/Ti(80 nm) was deposited by sputtering, photolithography defined and annealed at 1000 °C in Ar for 2 min. TLM structures were measured as a function of the temperature in the range 25–290 °C. The TLM data were mainly analysed by a two-dimensional finite difference simulation tool that takes into account the current crowding effect at the contact periphery. Extracted contact resistivity values fall in the low range of data from the literature. The sheet resistance values computed from the TLM data agreed with those measured using Van der Pauw devices realized next to the TLM structures.
Building Relationships and Communicating with Young Children: A Practical Guide for Social Workers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why is it important for social workers to form meaningful relationships with young children on their caseloads? And how can social workers develop meaningful relationships with these young children?
This book provides a timely, invaluable resource and practical guide for social work students specialising in family and child care and for practitioners who have young children on their caseloads. Packed with real life examples of in-depth interviews conducted with young children known to social services, it outlines what can be done to improve practice in this challenging and demanding area.
Building Relationships and Communicating with Young Children is the first book to bring to life the perspectives of young children and to highlight their competency within the interview process. It:

explores the key ingredients required by social workers to establish, maintain, nurture and value their relationships with young children

highlights what young children, within the context of meaningful relationships with social workers, can tell us about their circumstances, their perspectives, their feelings and their views

uses case examples to identify best practice guidelines including methods and techniques for social workers to build meaningful relationships with young children on their caseloads

makes recommendations regarding how best to positively engage and work with young children.

Written by a social worker and university lecturer with 16 years experience of working in the field of child protection, this textbook is full of case studies and practical advice about how to form relationships with young children known to social services, the most appropriate methods to use and how to represent their perspectives. It is essential reading for all social work students as well as social work practitioners and other social and health care professionals.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman (Rutaceae)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Z. kleinii is an endemic species in Brazil. No reports of popular use, regarding its chemical composition or biological activities were reported to date. The study aimed to investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum kleinii leaves and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger apparatus, having a yield of 0.12% (v/m) volume of essential oil in relation to the amount of plant material. Quantitative analysis was performed by GC-MS and the results showed that the essential oil contains 30 compounds. The major compounds are monoterpene hydrocarbons, including β-phellandrene (37.80%), α-pinene (13.32%) and myrcene (10.05%). The essential oil showed no antibacterial activity against the strains tested (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus).
Involvement of alpha-7 nicotinic receptor (α7nAChR) in respiratory syncytial virus infection-induced asthma in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the role of alpha−7 nicotinic receptor (α7nAChR) in rats with asthma caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. An asthmatic rat model was established by RSV infection and confirmed based on pathological changes. sh-α7nAChR lentivirus was constructed to reduce α7nAChR expression in rats. The animals were divided into a control group, a model group, a sh-α7nAChR lentivirus group, a nerve growth factor (NGF) antibody group, a dexamethasone (DXMS) group, a sh-α7nAChR lentivirus + NGF antibody group, and a sh-α7nAChR lentivirus + DXMS group. The expression of α7nAChR was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Serum levels of adrenaline and norepinephrine were detected by ELISA. Transmission electron microscopy determined the morphological change of chromaffin cells and synaptic vesicles. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of synaptophysin (SYN) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Compared with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased expression of α7nAChR, SYN, and NF-κB. Compared with the model group, the sh-α7nAChR lentivirus, NGF antibody, DXMS, sh-α7nAChR lentivirus + NGF antibody, and sh-α7nAChR lentivirus + DXMS groups showed significantly decreased expression of α7nAChR (P < 0.05). After repeated infection with RSV, the number of chromaffin cells and synaptic vesicles increased, which were significantly reduced after silencing α7nAChR by NGF antibody or DXMS treatment. The model group showed significantly lower serum adrenaline than the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the serum adrenaline in the sh-α7nAChR lentivirus, sh-α7nAChR lentivirus + NGF antibody, and sh-α7nAChR lentivirus + DXMS groups, but not the NGF antibody and DXMS groups, was significantly lower than in the model group. Together, upregulation of α7nAChR is involved in RSV infection-induced asthma in rats. Silencing of α7nAChR reduces the numbers of chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles and adrenaline release.
The distribution of the number of distinct values in a finite exchangeable sequence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let Kn denote the number of distinct values among the first n terms of an infinite exchangeable sequence of random variables (X1,X2,…). We prove for n=3 that the extreme points of the convex set of all possible laws of K3 are those derived from i.i.d. sampling from discrete uniform distributions and the limit case with P(K3=3)=1. We also consider the problem in higher dimensions and variants of the problem for finite exchangeable sequences and exchangeable random partitions.
Synthesis of Phosphonate-Containing 2-Methyl-1,5-Diaminopentane Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An improved method for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonate based on the Kabachnik-Fields reaction has been developed. The Kabachnik-Fields reactions for the synthesis of the title compounds were investigated in different solvents. The results showed that the solvent-free conditions was optimal for synthesis of this type of compounds.
Anthropomorphism and Epistemic Anthropo-philautia: The Early Critiques by Xenophanes and Heraclitus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter investigates the critique of anthropomorphism that we find in Xenophanes of Colophon and Heraclitus of Ephesus. Hesiod’s Theogony is assumed as background and as paradigm for the tendency to treat either the world’s components or gods generally as humanlike. With Xenophanes of Colophon we have the first and one of the fiercest attacks on such a kind of anthropomorphism, inasmuch as Xenophanes not only challenges anthropomorphism in traditional religion and myth but also intimates that at the root of religious beliefs and practices, among his fellow Greeks as well as among foreigners, is a motive of philautia, of self-love. Another strong early critique of anthropomorphism is found in Heraclitus of Ephesus, who curtly dismisses the idea of world-making by a god and stridently attacks certain traditional forms of religious worship. And yet neither thinker can avoid sliding into a particular kind of anthropomorphism, namely into what Mourelatos calls ‘epistemic anthropo-philautia’ – philautia understood not as the ‘self-love’ or ‘vanity’ an individual may show, but rather as the species-philautia we indulge in when we project upon the cosmos structures and forms that cognitively afford special intuitive appeal to us human beings.
Does trade participation limit domestic firms’ productivity gains from inward foreign direct investment?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine to what extent domestic firms reap differential productivity gains from the presence of manufacturing affiliates of multinational firms in the home country (FDI spillovers), in the context of simultaneous participation in international trade through exporting and importing. FDI spillovers can occur within the industry (horizontal) and across industries due to client (forward) or supplier (backward) linkages of multinational firms, but the mechanisms underlying spillover effects may be attenuated if local firms are less reliant on inputs, clients, and competition in the domestic market. Fixed effects panel analyses on a sample of 4594 domestic Belgian firms during 2000-2007 reveal positive effects from horizontal, backward, and forward FDI spillovers on the productivity levels of domestic firms, as long as these firms do not engage in international trade. Horizontal spillovers from FDI are weaker for firms engaging in trade, while forward FDI spillovers do not benefit importing firms. Two-way traders benefit least from FDI spillovers. Forward and backward spillovers, are enhanced by human capital levels in local firms, while horizontal spillovers are reduced. The findings are broadly consistent with the notion that trade engagement and inward FDI can be substitutes in their effects on domestic firms’ productivity.
Antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

要約：抗リン脂質抗体症候群（APS）は決して多い疾患ではない上に，動・静脈血栓症ならびに習慣性流産，妊娠高血圧症候群（PIH）などの産科合併症を臨床所見としていることから，これらの臨床所見に対応して，様々な分野の専門家がそれぞれの立場から見て診療しており，いわゆる「群盲象を評す」状態にあると思われる．このような背景をもつAPS 患者の妊娠となるとさらに難しい．このような状況の改善を目的として，平成25 年に産科，内科，小児科などの当該領域の専門家による研究班を結成し，APS 合併妊娠についてアンケートや多施設症例調査研究を行った．アンケート結果からはAPSの診断が正しくされていない現状，臨床現場の混乱，ガイドラインへの期待が明らかになった．また，多施設症例調査研究結果や国内外の論文をもとにリスクの評価方法，ならびにリスクに合わせた治療方法などを盛りこんだ産科的APS のガイドラインを作成した．
Electronic structure of $Y_{2-x}Ca_xBaNiO_5$ from photoemission and inverse photoemission

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the electronic structure of a one-dimensional spin-1 system, $Y_2BaNiO_5$ , and hole-doped\n$Y_{2-x}Ca_xBaNiO_5$ for x = 0.2 and 0.4, employing photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. $Y_2BaNiO_5$ has a charge excitation gap of about 2.3 eV. Hole doping via Ca substitution in this system introduces new localized states within this gap. The existence of a finite gap (\\sim0.6 eV), even in doped compounds with a variable-range-hopping transport, indicates the importance of correlation effects and disorder in determining the electronic structure in this system.
‘An appeal from afar’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

'Aid for Armenia' became a common catch cry in Australia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This chapter takes a longitudinal perspective of the campaigns conducted across Australia to assist Armenian refugees. In doing so it aims to chart the varied campaigns undertaken to offer aid and assistance to the Armenian population experiencing dispossession, displacement and genocide. It positions these efforts transnationally, identifying how these efforts of aid conducted throughout the English-speaking world intersected and were interconnected, particularly throughout the British Empire. But it also identifies activities at the local level, where public meetings, fundraising drives and lectures were delivered throughout Australia for the Armenian cause. Through an analysis of these endeavours this chapter more broadly seeks to explore how a study of Armenian relief efforts highlights the wider shifts of meaning of compassion and humanitarianism from a range of perspectives and how these changed over time.
‘Everywhere is home’: The paradox of ‘homing’ and child upbringing among Nigerian-Chinese families in Guangzhou city

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Africa–China relations are facilitating different flows and inducing mobilities that have produced Afro-Chinese families in Guangzhou, China. This article examines how Nigerian-Chinese couples construct and embrace contradictory notions of home, as well as how their child upbringing practices manifest this paradox. The article uses data from life history interviews, repeated visits and in social hangouts involving both Nigerian-Chinese couples and individual Nigerian men in interracial marriages. Whereas Nigerian men tend to feel less at home, owing to problems such as perceived Chinese identity exclusivity, the uncertainty of life, and their experiences of discrimination and racism, their Chinese spouses, as internal migrants themselves, also feel similarly unwelcome in Guangzhou. Furthermore, Nigerian-Chinese couples feel obligated to secure the futures of their Afro-Chinese children due to a suspicion that Chinese society may not accept them. The parenting styles, hopes and aspirations revealed by Nigerian-Chinese couples regarding their children show that they view home as an un-centred category.
Evolutionary conservation in the untranslated regions of actin mRNAs: DNA sequence of a human beta-actin cDNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the complete nucleotide sequence of a human beta actin cDNA. Both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the sequence are similar (greater than 80%) to the analogous regions of the rat beta-actin gene reported by Nudel et al (1983). When a segment of the 3' untranslated region is used as a radiolabelled probe, strong hybridization to chick beta actin mRNA is seen. This conservation of sequences suggests that strong selective pressures operate on non-translated segments of beta actin mRNA.
Design and implementation of an electronic system to monitor and record agroclimatic variables in greenhouses

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective: To describe the development of a low-cost electronic device that can monitor, track, record, store, export, and interpret climatic variables of greenhouse-produced crops. Methodology: An Arduino UNO board was used, along with specific sensors, to measure the agroclimatic variables under study. A Raspberry Pi® 3B+ board was also used to store and export the recorded information. The previously assembled device was installed in a greenhouse located in San Agustín Calvario, municipality of Cholula, Puebla, from March to July. Finally, graphs were developed to interpret the variables according to the agroclimatic requirements of native cucumber. Study Limitations/Implications: Greenhouses must have access to an electrical supply, regardless of their geographic location or the crop they produce. Findings: A low-cost electronic system and device were successfully developed, allowing each sensor to monitor, record, store, and export the following agroclimatic variables: minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and light intensity in a greenhouse with electrical supply. Regarding data interpretation, graphs were developed for the agroclimatic variables in the greenhouse, based on the needs of the native cucumber plant.
New fossil mantidflies (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae) from the Mesozoic of north‐eastern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Three new genera and four new species of the extinct mantidfly subfamily Mesomantispinae (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae) are described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning and the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia: Archaeodrepanicus nuddsi gen. et sp. nov., A. acutus gen. et sp. nov., Sinomesomantispa microdentata gen. et sp. nov., (Yixian Formation) and Clavifemora rotundata gen. et sp. nov. (Jiulongshan Formation). The specimens described herein represent the first Mesozoic mantidfly compression fossils to have body parts preserved, including the specialized raptorial forelegs articulated to the prothorax anteriorly, an autapomorphy of the family. These new taxa further confirm the placement of the subfamily Mesomantispinae within the family Mantispidae; however, the monophyly of Mesomantispinae has not been confirmed, and it is likely that it will prove to be paraphyletic.
The perceptual flow of phonetic feature processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

How does the brain process spoken language? It is our thesis that word intelligibility and consonant identification are insufficient by themselves to model how the speech signal is decoded - a finer-grained approach is required. In this study, listeners identified 11 different Danish consonants spoken in a Consonant + Vowel + [l] environment. Each syllable was processed so that only a portion of the original audio spectrum was present. Three-quarter-octave bands of speech, centered at 750, 1500, and 3000 Hz, were presented individually and in combination with each other. The conditional, posterior probabilities associated with phonetic-feature decoding were computed from confusion matrices in order to deduce the temporal flow of phonetic processing. Decoding the feature, Manner-of-Articulation, depends on accurate decoding of the feature Voicing (but not vice-versa), and decoding Place-of-Articulation requires precise decoding of Manner (but not the converse). From these data, we conclude that Voicing is processed prior to Manner-of-Articulation, and that Manner is decoded prior to Place-of-Articulation. Voicing and Manner cues are often correctly decoded in conditions where Place is not. This asymmetric pattern of feature decoding may provide extra-segmental information of utility for speech processing, particularly in adverse listening conditions.
Mobility, social-cultural policies and new perspectives between Europe and the Mediterranean Sea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Talking about mobility means basically talking about the circulation of people and ideas. It is clear that it is a wide subject, inclusive of personal displacements as well as migration events involving huge parts of populations; it can refer to national or international relocation, but also to sharing ideas and having virtual exchanges. Moreover, nowadays mobility is strategic regarding the critical relationship between Europe and the South Shore of the Mediterranean and it is a key point and an essential premise related to dialogue and creativity to which is aimed the BJCEM activity.
Hospital contamination with Staphylococcus epidermidis strain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using the serological typing method of Staphyloccus epidermidis strains with serum-soft agar technique, environmental contamination with S. epidermidis strains of a hospital in Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa-Ken, was investigated. Results showed that S. epidermidis strains were isolated in 94 out of 197 sites (52.5 percent) and 65 out of 165 sites (39.3 percent) from the environments of tuberculosis ward and pediatric ward, respctively. Among 82 strains of S. epidermidis isolated from tuberculosis ward, 31 strains (37.8 percent) showed serotype 53 and other specific serotype strains were not observed. This serotype strain was found especially from beds and door knobs there as high ratio as 73.6 and 60.0 percent, respectively. Among 53 strains of S. epidermidis isolated from the pediatric ward, 24 strains (45.3 percent) showed serotype 53/408. However, 53 type strain was not isolated. This serotype strain was found from every beds or bed spreads and incubators indicating that 53/408 type strain of new-born infant and premature infant room would possibly be a hospital strain there.