jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy siblings: A comparative study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental abnormality that impairs social communication. The human gut microbiome (GM) influences a variety of local processes, including dysbiosis and the defense against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to categorize and identify molecular biomarkers for ASD. In the present study, metagenomics whole genome shotgun sequencing was used to identify the gut microbiota in autistic individuals. Fecal samples from four children with ASD and four healthy control siblings, aged 3-10 years old, were examined using bioinformatics analysis. A total of 673,091 genes were cataloged, encompassing 25 phyla and 2 kingdoms based on the taxonomy analysis. The results revealed 257 families, 34 classes, 84 orders, and 1,314 genera among 4,339 species. The top 10 most abundant genes and corresponding functional genes for each group were determined after the abundance profile was screened. The results showed that children with ASD had a higher abundance of certain gut microbiomes than their normal siblings and vice versa. The phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant in ASD. The Thermoanaerobacteria class was also restricted to younger healthy individuals. Moreover, the Lactobacillaceae family was more abundant in children with ASD. Additionally, it was discovered that children with ASD had a higher abundance of the Bacteroides genus and a lower abundance of the Bifidobacterium and Prevotella genera. In conclusion, there were more pathogenic genera and species and higher levels of biomass, diversity and richness in the GM of children with ASD.
A new cytotoxic indole alkaloid from Tabernaemontana inconspicua stapf

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One new indole alkaloid derivative, 5,6-dioxo-11-hydroxy voacangine (1) together with four known compounds (2-5), were isolated from the fruits of Tabernaemontana inconspicua Stapf (Apocynaceae). Their structures were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESI-MS, and a comparison with the literature. The new compound was found to be cytotoxic on human breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells with IC50 values of 3.35 µM and 2.19 µM after 24 and 48 hours, respectively.
A first-principles Hartree-Fock description of MnO at high pressures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract First-principles periodic Hartree-Fock calculations of MnO are reported which suggest that the phase transition recently observed under shock compression at ∼90GPa is not a simple B1-to-B2 transition of the type observed in CaO and SrO. The insulating B1 phase, which is rhombohedrally distorted as a result of spin-lattice interaction, is predicted to persist up to the phase transition pressure. Calculated Hugoniot curves based on a ferromagnetic Fm3m structure, with and without the inclusion of a posteriori correlation corrections, and a rhombohedrally distorted AFII structure are in close agreement with earlier static compression data. Beyond this pressure, calculations suggest that the phase is either an insulating distorted B2 phase or a metallic B2 phase.
LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT OF TACTICAL OFFICERS TRAINING FOR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PROCESS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Полонськийаспірант кафедри загальної педагогіки і андрагогіки Полтавського національного педагогічного університету імені В. Г. Короленка НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ ОФІЦЕРІВ ТАКТИЧНОГО РІВНЯ ДО ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У ПРОЦЕСІ
Calmodulin may decrease cell surface sialic acid and be involved in the expression of fibronectin during liver regeneration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The decrease of sialic acid in plasma membrane glycoproteins and the expression of cell surface fibronectin were studied during the pre‐replicative phase of liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to correlate these cell‐surface events to the intracellular surge of calmodulin observed a few hours after partial hepatectomy. The fact that calmodulin decreased the specific activity of UDP‐ N ‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine 2'‐epimerase, a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycoprotein sialic acids, and that trifluoperazine prevented the desialylation indicates that the membrane desialylation is a calmodulin‐dependent process. On the other hand, Western blotting using anti‐rat fibronectin antibody in trifluoperazine‐treated animals suggests that calmodulin may also be involved in the surface expression of fibronectin in regenerating hepatocytes.
The infection biology of pig-associated Salmonella

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Through the use of an establishe dline of porcine intestinal epithelial cells, known as IPEC-1, this in vitro work examines the initial adhesion, invasion and persistence abilities of different Salmonella serovars and phage types, including multiresistant and monophasic S. typhimurium DT193 isolates. The resultant innate immune response of the porcine cells to the isolates is assessed through determination of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations present in cell culture supernatants.
Increasing College Going by Incentivizing Savings: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Italy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We estimate the impact of a matched savings account program on high school students’ college enrollment and persistence through a randomized controlled trial carried out in Italy. The tested program (Percorsi) provided low‐income high school students with a 4:1 match rate for savings dedicated to higher education expenditures and required that they attended financial education classes. The program increased rates of enrollment and persistence in university by about nine percentage points. Effects were even larger for vocational school students, who have poorer social backgrounds and lower academic preparation. Incentivized savings programs have potential to reduce social disparities in higher education participation, though the lower saving capacity of poorer households can generate regressivity in program design.
"A Study on Play Literacy of Teachers in Early Childhood Assessment Process"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 근거이론적 접근을 활용하여 유아평가 과정에서 나타난 교사의 놀이 문해력을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 유아교사 16인을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하고, 면담자료는 개방코딩, 축코딩, 선택코딩 단계로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 96개의 개념, 58개의 하위범주, 20개의 범주가 도출되었다. 둘째, 놀이관찰 시, 발달영역에 초점을 둔 기계적ㆍ단편적 해석 등 다양한 한계에 직면하고 있었다. 셋째, 핵심범주는 ‘한계를 넘어 시행착오를 통해 놀이 문해력 확장하기’로 나타났다. 이상의 연구를 토대로 필자는 교사 개인차원, 기관 차원, 사회 차원과의 상호연관성을 중심으로 하는 이론적 모형을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 유아 교사의 놀이 문해력에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인을 밝히고 이를 증진하는 방안을 모색한 연구로서 의의가 있으나 교사의 학력, 경력, 기관유형에 따라 다른 양상을 보일 수 있으므로, 이를 고려한 연구를 통해 놀이 문해력을 보다 심층적으로 살펴보는 후속연구가 필요하다.
DUS Characterization of Tamil Nadu Traditional Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Twenty-seven landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.), collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu, were characterised according to the DUS guidelines of the Plant Varieties Protection and Farmers’ Rights Authority, GOI. Methods: Rice accessions were planted with three replications using the randomized block design (RBD) in 2019 at the Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. Result: Observations were recorded on 49 different agro-morphological traits, out of 49 descriptors analysed, six were monomorphic, seventeen were dimorphic, thirteen were trimorphic, seven were tetramorphic and spikelet: density pubescence of lemma, 1000 grain weight of fully developed grains and decorticated grain colour showed five expressive states and lemma and palea colour reported six expressive states. Contemporary research work will be advantageous for breeders to choose the right parent for crop improvement and the researchers for genetic diversity among landraces.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) presenting with catatonic symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In this report, we demonstrate through a putative case that Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) can present with a catatonic syndrome which can pose diagnostic and management challenges. The patient was an 88‐year‐old gentleman presenting with acute psychotic and catatonic symptoms on a background of 5 months of functional decline. He showed good response of catatonic symptoms to Clonazepam and psychotic symptoms to Olanzapine. This led to resolution of behavioral problems and the establishment of a putative diagnosis of DLB. Patients with DLB may present with catatonic states; benzodiazepines help resolve catatonic symptoms and facilitate assessment in such patients; and Olanzapine effectively treats psychotic symptoms in DLB.
Commentary and Rewritten Opinion for Etsitty V. Utah Transit Authority (10th Cir. 2007)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rewritten opinion of Etsitty v. Utah Transit Authority finds that discrimination against transgender persons is sex discrimination under Title VII; that Title VII’s protection of those who fail to conform to gender stereotypes extends to bathroom use; and that transgender persons are a protected class of persons for Equal Protection purposes. The commentary discusses both the original opinion by the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in 2007 and the feminist rewritten opinion.
Perception of Eswatini Teachers about Effectiveness of online course “Certificate in Online Teaching for Educators”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study evaluated the impact of a 6-week fully online Certificate in Online Teaching for Educators (COTE) program on graduates' teaching practices. A survey was distributed to 350 COTE graduates, with 24 respondents completing the questionnaire. Results showed that most participants applied learnings from COTE to their teaching including designing online lessons, creating multimedia resources, facilitating virtual classes, using new educational technologies, implementing authentic assessments and providing meaningful feedback. Over 70% of respondents felt more confident facilitating online learning, better able to engage students virtually, and expanded their knowledge of online pedagogy after completing COTE. The findings suggest that despite its short duration, COTE positively influenced graduates' preparedness and skills in key areas of online instruction. However, the low response rate limits generalizability. Further research with larger samples is needed to corroborate the impact of COTE on online teaching practices.
Effects Sulforaphane on IMR‐90 Phase II Enzyme Induction and Cell Senescence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sulforaphane (SF) derived from cruciferous vegetables induces expression of phase II antioxidant and detoxification enzymes including: quinone reductase (QR), ferritin and thioredoxin reductase. Aging cells accumulate iron, oxidized proteins and the cellular redox potential shifts to become increasingly oxidative. To study the effects of SF on aging cells, the IMR‐90 cell model of aging was used. IMR‐90 lung fibroblast cells are a non‐transformed cell line that exhibit the hallmarks of aging over time and become senescent after a finite number of culture passages. Moreover, time until IMR‐90 senescence can be modulated by oxidative stressors. Under standard culture conditions (19% O 2 ) SF treatment (1, 2 and 4 μM) of IMR‐90 cells significantly increased QR reporter expression over controls by: 2.5±0.2, 2.9±0.1 and 3.2±0.2 respectively ( P <0.001 for all treatments). When cells were cultured at 2% O 2 , SF treatment (1, 2 and 4 μM) induced reporter expression over controls by; 1.3±0.1 ( P= 0.011), 2.5±0.3 ( P <0.001), and 3.3±0.3 ( P <0.001) respectively. To determine the effect of SF on time until cell senescence, IMR‐90 cells were continuously cultured with 2 μM SF and subcultured weekly. Compared to controls, SF treatment delayed senescence by 2 cell culture passages. These preliminary data indicate that SF induces the IMR‐90 phase II enzyme system regardless of O 2 tension and increases time until cell senescence.
Peroxidase Properties of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective— The cytosolic form of Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has peroxidase activity, with H 2 O 2 used as a substrate to oxidize other molecules. We examined peroxidase properties of the extracellular form of SOD (SOD3), a major isoform of SOD in the vessel wall, by using recombinant SOD3 and an in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— In the presence of HCO 3 − , SOD3 reacted with H 2 O 2 to produce a hydroxyl radical adduct of the spin trap 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5methyl-1-pyrroline N -oxide (DEMPO). SOD1 and SOD3 were inactivated by H 2 O 2 in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, and this was prevented by physiological levels of uric acid. To examine the in vivo role of uric acid on SOD1 and SOD3, control and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE −/− ) mice were treated with oxonic acid, which inhibits urate metabolism. This treatment increased plasma levels of uric acid in control and ApoE −/− mice by ≈3-fold. Although increasing uric acid levels did not alter aortic SOD1 and SOD3 protein expression, aortic SOD1 and SOD3 activities were increased by 2- to 3-fold in aortas from ApoE −/− mice but not in aortas from control mice. Conclusions— These studies show that SOD1 and SOD3 are partially inactivated in atherosclerotic vessels of ApoE −/− mice and that levels of uric acid commonly encountered in vivo may regulate vascular redox state by preserving the activity of these enzymes.
Milestones in U.S. Farming and Farm Policy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

U.S. agriculture underwent a tremendous transformation during the 20th centuryâ€”the structure of farming and rural life today barely resembles that of the early 1900s. A comparison of six basic agricultural indicators across the century reveals a dramatic transformation of the U.S. agricultural sector. Snapshots of five points in timeâ€”1900, as the century opened; 1930, as the Depression began; 1945, as World War II ended; 1970, as the post-war economic expansion began to wane; and 2000/02, on the brink of a new centuryâ€”serve to highlight key milestones of change in U.S. farming and farm policy during the 20th century.
MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN URBANIZED ECOSYSTEMS OF KARELIA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim was to study the distribution of macro-and microelements in the main urban ecosystems of Karelia. Methods. Samples of soil, vegetation, surface water, sediments and biota (fish) were taken. In total, 300 samples were collected. The analysis of the material was carried out using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), x-ray spectral analysis (XRF), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with "cold steam" and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentration of 32 chemical elements in soil, birch leaves, sediments, water and biota (fish) was determined. Results. The distribution of macro- and microelements in soil and vegetation of these main cities of Karelia was determined. Geochemical profiles of distribution of elements in soils and vegetation were constructed. Concentration of heavy and toxic metals in the samples of water and sediments was close to the background values. High concentration of mercury in the muscles of predatory fish was found (CHg = 0.2÷0.3 mcg/kg). Conclusions. The levels of total accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in the soil of Petrozavodsk are classified as hazardous (Zc = 56), and soil pollution in Pitkyaranta, Sortavala and Suoyarvi is considered moderately dangerous (Zc = 15-31). A high degree of correlation between the concentration of elements in the soil and birch leaves was found. The water in lake Ladoga, lake Onega, and lake Suoyarvi in terms of the concentration of the elements presented in the article meets the Russian standards for drinking water.
(S)- or (R)-3-(E-Enoyl)-4-phenyl-1,3- oxazolidin-2-ones:  Ideal Michael Acceptors To Afford a Virtually Complete Control of Simple and Face Diastereoselectivity in Addition Reactions with Glycine Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[formula: see text] Enantiomerically pure (S)- or (R)-3-(E-enoyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones were found to serve as ideal Michael acceptors in addition reactions with achiral Ni(II) complexes of glycine Schiff bases. Virtually complete control of simple and face diastereoselectivity, observed in these reactions, combined with quantitative chemical yields renders this methodology synthetically superior to the previous methods.
Oclacitinib in feline nonflea‐, nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis: results of a small prospective pilot study of client‐owned cats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor that decreases pruritus and lesions in allergic dogs. In cats, it is able to inhibit interleukin‐31‐induced pruritus; no information is available on its clinical effectiveness. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, ease of administration and tolerability of oclacitinib in feline nonflea‐, nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Methods Cats >12 months of age and >3 kg body weight with a diagnosis of nonflea‐, nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis were treated with oclacitinib, 0.4–0.6 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily for 2 weeks, then once daily for an additional 14 days. Clinical lesions were evaluated with the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis ( SCORFAD ) system and pruritus was evaluated with a 10‐cm‐long visual analog scale ( VAS ) before and at the end of the study. Owners assessed global efficacy, ease of administration and tolerability with a four‐point scale. Results Twelve cats were treated with a mean initial oclacitinib dose of 0.47 mg/kg p.o. twice daily. There was good improvement in SCORFAD and VAS pruritus scores in five of 12 cases, while the other cats were unchanged, deteriorated or dropped out due to treatment failure. Owners scored global efficacy as good/excellent in four of 12 cases and ease of administration and tolerability as good/excellent in 10 of 12. Conclusions and clinical importance Oclacitinib at 0.4–0.6 mg/kg p.o. may be an effective and safe drug for some cats with nonflea‐, nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Further studies are needed to identify the most effective dose range for this species.
The Limits of Eucharistic Resistance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter argues that consumer culture lays bare the empirical and the theological limits of claims about how the Eucharist shapes resistance to culture in general and consumer culture in particular. It shows the ways in which a dominant strand in twentieth-century liturgical theology anticipated convictions about the formative nature of the Eucharist that often dominate contemporary reflection on consumer culture. Absent empirical evidence, some liturgical theologians turned to the social sciences—especially the field of ritual studies—to verify their claims. But a circular logic constrains much of this social scientific reflection on the liturgy, merely confirming assumptions about the formative potential of the Eucharist with which the scholars began; empirical claims are left unverified by empirical evidence. But when the Eucharist is pressed toward concrete ethical ends, it is caught up in a logic that instrumentalizes it. This chapter argues that pressing Eucharistic practice into the service of cultural resistance limits our conception of the activity of God at work in the Eucharist. This logic reveals a new inversion of an old theme about the activity of grace in the sacraments: ex opere operato reappears under the sign of ethics.
Effects of Loops and Nucleotides in G-Quadruplexes on Their Interaction with an Azacalixarene, Methylazacalix[6]pyridine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel trend in G-quadruplex ligand design is to build a binder that is able to not only discriminate G-quadruplex from duplex-DNA, but also among various G-quadruplex structures. Methylazacalix[6]pyridine (MACP6), a new type of azacalixarene with flexible conformation, exhibits induced circular dichroism signals when interacted with most of G-quadruplexes. The intensities of the induced signals are strongly dependent on the topology of G-quadruplexes. Further evidence has shown that these signals can be ascribed to the preferred binding of MACP6 to the loops of G-quadruplexes, which rely on the nature of nucleotides in the loops.
Effect of Ketogenic Diet In Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background : Diabetes is non communicable diseases and fastest growing diseases worldwide, that cause many complications, lead to increased mortality and decreased quality of life in individuals. Diabetes complications can controlled by dietary intervention. Ketogenic Diet (KD) is one of trusted method that having beneficially effects for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) . Objective : This paper aim to investigate the effect of KD in the patients T2DM. Methods : This paper used the systematic review. Articles are selected using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis) based on google scholar and PubMed. The inclusion criteria in this writing are articles published within the last 5 years with keywords â€œKetogenic Diet, Type 2 diabetes, clinical trialâ€ Result : The results show that KD had significantly beneficial effects on weight, Body Mass Index, Cholesterol, Blood Sugar, Fasting Insulin and HbA1c were decrease and quality of sleep were increased after intervention (p value < 0,001) Conclusion : KD can controlled the body weight, blood glucose, lipids and also good for increased sleep quality in patients T2DM but have a low adherence for long term persistence Keywords : Ketogenic diet, type 2 diabetes, clinical trial
Influence of Mg Composition on Optical Properties of Exciton Confinement in Strained Wurtzite ZnO/Mg x Zn 1− x O Cylindrical Quantum Dots

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on the effective-mass approximation and variational approach, excitonic optical properties are investigated theoretically in strained wurtzite (WZ) ZnO/MgxZn1−xO cylindrical quantum dots (QDs) for four different Mg compositions: x = 0.08, 0.14, 0.25, and 0.33, with considering a three-dimensional carrier confinement in QDs and a strong built-in electric field effect due to the piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization. The ground-state exciton binding energy, the interband emission wavelength, and the radiative lifetime as functions of the QD structural parameters (height and radius) are calculated in detail. The computations are performed in the case of finite band offset. Numerical results elucidate that Mg composition has a significant influence on the exciton states and optical properties of ZnO/MgxZn1−xO QDs. The ground-state exciton binding energy increases with increasing Mg composition and the increment tendency is more prominent for small height QDs. As Mg composition increases, the interband emission wavelength has a blue-shift if the dot height L < 3.5 nm, but the interband emission wavelength has a red-shift when L > 3.5 nm. Furthermore, the radiative lifetime increases rapidly with increasing Mg composition if the dot height L > 3 nm and the increment tendency is more prominent for large height QDs. The physical reason has been analyzed in depth.