jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Robust laser phase noise measurement by integration heterodyne for coherent beam combining applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Phase noise characteristics are critical for coherent beam combination engineering. Heterodyne with integration method for phase noise measurement has been studied numerically and experimentally, which reveals that the method is not only simple to implement with the least equipment but also capable of phase retrieval using under-sampling data. The integration method is compared with the traditional low-pass filter (LPF) method from both numerical and experimental perspectives. By introducing an evaluation criterion of measurement accuracy, the errors of the integration method are 0.44% and 0.08% for white noise and pink noise cases, respectively, which are smaller than that achieved by LPF one (1.52% and 0.25%). The errors of the integration method are below 1.4% when under-sampling data has been employed, which means that large consumption of data processing can be avoided, and the method is robust. Phase noise measurements in quiet laboratory and disturbed conditions are implemented, and the error between the results of the sampling rate of 250 MHz and 31.25 MHz is less than 0.08%, which is consistent with the simulation and demonstrates the excellent performance of the integration method.
Effect of aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) on ACS and ACO genes expression and the vase life of alstroemeria cut flower

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aging in the limbs is divided into two categories: ethylene-sensitive limbs,\n and ethylene-insensitive limbs. Extracellular synthesis of ethylene in the\n first group is carried out through a specific biochemical pathway that\n results from flower development and pollination. The present study aims to\n explore the effects of aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) on the expression of\n ethylene biosynthesis pathway genes (1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate\n synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO)) and the\n vase life of the Alstroemeria cut flowers ‘Mayfair’ and ‘Frosty’ varieties.\n Also, the effect of AOA on at the rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/l was\n studied on the morphological and physiological traits. The comparison of the\n vase life of Mayfair and Frosty showed that Frosty had a longer vase life\n than Mayfair. Frosty exhibited lower levels of cell degradation, higher\n relative water content, more chlorophyll content, more total soluble solids,\n and higher peroxidase level than Mayfair. Higher AOA levels were\n significantly associated with higher activity of catalase and peroxidase, so\n that the 150 mg/l AOA had the greatest effect on the activity of these two\n enzymes. Also, the increase in AOArate to 150 mg/l resulted in the retention\n of leaf chlorophyll and the reduction of leaf chlorosis percentage in both\n studied varieties.The results indicated that the highest ACO and ACS gene\n transcripts were related to the 7th flower opening stage. The use of AOA was\n effective in reducing the gene expression in Frosty. Also, the application\n of 150 mg/l AOA had a significant reducing effect on the expression of the\n ACS gene in Frosty.
Austria’s post-colonial present: Missing memorialization of colonial violence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article situates Austria in wider discussions around the repercussions of colonial violence on a global scale. It focusses on the ways in which anthropological disciplines fashioned specific ideas of racial and ethnographic belonging both within and outside the Austrian-Hungarian empire. Understanding how Austrian knowledge production relied on and participated in colonial expropriation sheds light on the significance of the post-colonial for a nation that did not establish formal colonial rule overseas. The unearthing of the mortal remains of people and other forms of colonial exploitation such as geological extraction were deeply intertwined; they were often conducted within the very same expedition. These processes of colonial dispossession continue to be operative today. Anthropological and other ‘collections’ from colonial contexts that are housed in European institutions speak to the currency of these issues. This paper argues that different conceptions of time–of the relation between past and present–complicate ongoing negotiations of the meaning of Austria’s colonial history.
Concentrated regimes of xanthan-based hydrogels crosslinked with multifunctional crosslinkers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Samples were synthesized via solution mixing method with a concentration of 4wt.% of Xanthan and 0, 1, 2 or, 3 wt.% of bi-functional and tetra-functional crosslinkers, i.e. citric acid and Borax, respectively. The rheological studies at two different temperatures showed an unanticipated increase in the storage modulus values with increasing temperature which is due to the conformational change from ordered helix to disordered coils in Xanthan molecules. Thus, it is hypothesized that the concentration of Xanthan and the crosslinking density in the system play crucial roles in the conformational change of the molecules. Polarized optical microscopy (POM), FTIR, and SEM results showed that in the crosslinked samples conformational change is prevented stronger than the native sample. POM images revealed that higher crosslinking density in Xanthan – Borax hydrogels causes bigger regions of crystalline phase compared to Xanthan – citric acid hydrogels, pointing at the effect of the tetra-functional crosslinking agent. Also, SEM imaging showed that higher crosslinks density has led to smaller pore sizes in the freeze-dried samples. FTIR analysis proved that the stronger effect of Borax is due to higher crosslinking density in Xanthan-Borax samples. Finally, a mechanism for crosslinking of Xanthan with Borax was suggested.
Inhibition of Chickenpox Lesions by Measles and Measles Rash by Chickenpox

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been noted on occasion that chickenpox and measles may occur together or one may precede the other by a few days. Artenstein and Weinstein1estimated that about 15 such cases occurred in the state of Massachusetts in 1961. On the other hand, Merigan et al2noted the occurrence of both diseases within a few weeks in seven of 18 children who were admitted to a youth guidance center. It is probable that double infections are more likely to occur when the patients are young and when opportunity for intense exposure to both agents is present. The most remarkable thing about these cases of double infection is the finding that the first infection may diminish the severity of the rash of the second infection. Evidence for interference with measles rash by chickenpox is based on the finding of clear zones of normal skin encircling healing chickenpox crusts
A DATA CLUSTERING MODEL FOR WAFER YIELD LOSS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT For the past few years, semiconductor manufacturing has emerged as one of the most important industries in Taiwan. The complex manufacturing processes, expensive raw materials and machines, and the near particle free environment have made semiconductor manufacturing a high-cost industry. If low yield occurs in certain lots, the yield loss will result in high manufacturing cost. For this reason, all the semiconductor manufacturing companies have devoted huge efforts to analyze the yield related data in the hope for reducing the occurrence of process variations and achieving the goal of yield enhancement and cost reduction. However, many of the different yield enhancement methods used by the semiconductor manufacturing companies are in lack of integration and therefore are inefficient. Engineers from different departments usually analyze large amount of engineering data. They also spend lots of time tracing the possible variations by analyzing the defect maps, wafer bin maps, process parameters, machines, and WAT parameters with simple statistical analysis techniques and tools. In this situation, the efficiency and effectiveness of locating the root causes are strongly associated with the experiences of the engineers. Based on the above consideration, this research intends to construct a model to analyze the characteristic values of low-yield wafer in semiconductor manufacturing. Firstly, the characteristic values of low-yield wafers are retrieved. Secondly, the proposed modified fuzzy c means (M-FCM) algorithm along with clustering quality index (ψ) is applied to cluster the characteristic values of low-yield wafers and therefore an optimal solution is obtained. With the proposed model, the possible root causes can be identified more easily and decisions can be made to correct manufacturing problems more efficiently.
Automating classification of free‐text electronic health records for epidemiological studies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose Increasingly, patient information is stored in electronic medical records, which could be reused for research. Often these records comprise unstructured narrative data, which are cumbersome to analyze. The authors investigated whether text mining can make these data suitable for epidemiological studies and compared a concept recognition approach and a range of machine learning techniques that require a manually annotated training set. The authors show how this training set can be created with minimal effort by using a broad database query. Methods The approaches were tested on two data sets: a publicly available set of English radiology reports for which International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code needed to be assigned and a set of Dutch GP records that needed to be classified as either liver disorder cases or noncases. Performance was tested against a manually created gold standard. Results The best overall performance was achieved by a combination of a manually created filter for removing negations and speculations and rule learning algorithms such as RIPPER, with high scores on both the radiology reports (positive predictive value = 0.88, sensitivity = 0.85, specificity = 1.00) and the GP records (positive predictive value = 0.89, sensitivity =0.91, specificity =0.76). Conclusions Although a training set still needs to be created manually, text mining can help reduce the amount of manual work needed to incorporate narrative data in an epidemiological study and will make the data extraction more reproducible. An advantage of machine learning is that it is able to pick up specific language use, such as abbreviations and synonyms used by physicians. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDITY OF AUDIOVISUAL TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICATION PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION VIA FEEDING TUBE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate an audiovisual educational technology in the form of video to add scientific and practical knowledge to nursing professionals during oral medication preparation and administration via feeding tube. Method: this is a methodological study based on the theoretical framework of Fleming, Reynolds and Wallace, held in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2022 to August 2023. The population was made up of seven experts, three nurses, two pharmacists and two nutritionists. The study was developed in three phases: “Pre-production” - literature review and script preparation; “Production” - script validity and video recording; and “Post-production” - video validity. Material appearance and content were validated using the Delphi technique and a Content Validity Index greater than or equal to 70% (CVI ≥0.7). Results: the video script/storyboard was developed and validated by seven experts, with 94.2% agreement. The video was validated and reached 99.2% agreement among experts in terms of functionality, usability, efficiency, audiovisual technique, environment and procedures. Experts suggested organizing the video into three parts, which involved general considerations related to feeding tubes (Video 1), nursing care related to preparation (Video 2) and medication administration in adult and elderly patients with a tube (Video 3). Conclusion: the audiovisual educational technology developed in this study in the form of video can contribute to training high school and higher education professionals as well as students of vocational training and undergraduate courses in nursing.
INDUSTRIAL DATA

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINDUSTRIAL DATACite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 6, 121A–142APublication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 June 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50522a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts
The Biology of God or the Psychology of God? A Response to David Hay

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hay's article, The Biology of God, covers a vast amount of bibliographical survey; yet it seemingly lacks some detailed analysis of those works. Methodologically there is no clarity regarding the typologies of religious experience with which he deals. This response raises these methodological issues, pointing as well to some fundamental bibliographical gaps. It questions also whether a psychology rather than a biology of God would not be a better phenomenological description.
Luminescent Charge-Transfer Platinum(II) Metallacycle

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photophysical and electrochemical properties of a platinum(II) diimine complex bearing the bidentate diacetylide ligand tolan-2,2'-diacetylide (tda), Pt(dbbpy)(tda) [dbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine] (1), are compared with two reference compounds, Pt(dbbpy)(C[triple bond]CPh)(2) (2) and Pt(dppp)tda [dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane] (3), respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of 1 is reported, which illustrates the nearly perfect square planarity exhibited by this metallacycle. Chromophore 2 possesses low-lying charge-transfer excited states analogous to 1, whereas structure 3 lacks such excited states but features a low-lying platinum-perturbed tda intraligand triplet manifold. In CH(2)Cl(2), 1 exhibits a broad emission centered at 562 nm at ambient temperature, similar to 2, but with a higher photoluminescence quantum yield and longer excited-state lifetime. In both instances, the photoluminescence is consistent with triplet-charge-transfer excited-state parentage. The rigidity imposed by the cyclic diacetylide ligand in 1 leads to a reduction in nonradiative decay, which enhances its room-temperature photophysical properties. By comparison, 3 radiates highly structured tda-localized triplet-state phosphorescence at room temperature. The 77 K emission spectrum of 1 in 4:1 EtOH/MeOH becomes structured and is quantitatively similar to that measured for 3 under the same conditions. Because the 77 K spectra are nearly identical, the emissions are assigned as (3)tda in nature, implying that the charge-transfer states are raised in energy, relative to the (3)tda levels in 1 in the low-temperature glass. Nanosecond transient absorption spectrometry and ultrafast difference spectra were determined for 1-3 in CH(2)Cl(2) and DMF at ambient temperature. In 1 and 2, the major absorption transients are consistent with the one-electron reduced complexes, corroborated by reductive spectroelectrochemical measurements performed at room temperature. As 3 does not possess any charge-transfer character, excitation into the pipi* transitions of the tda ligand generated transient absorptions in the relaxed excited state assigned to the ligand-localized triplet state. In all three cases, the excited-state lifetimes measured by transient absorption are similar to those measured by time-resolved photoluminescence, suggesting that the same excited states giving rise to the photoluminescence are responsible for the absorption transients. ESR spectroscopy of the anions 1- and 2- and reductive spectroelectrochemistry of 1 and 2 revealed a LUMO based largely on the pi* orbital of the dbbpy ligand. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations performed on 1-3 both in vacuum and in a CH(2)Cl(2) continuum revealed the molecular orbitals, energies, dipole moments, and oscillator strengths for the various electronic transitions in these molecules. A DeltaSCF-method-derived shift applied to the calculated transition energies in the solvent continuum yielded good agreement between theory and experiment for each molecule in this study.
Online measures of looking and learning in infancy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Infants in laboratory settings look longer at impossible than possible events, learn better about objects that behave surprisingly, and match people’s utterances to the objects that likely elicited them. The paradigms that reveal these behaviors have become cornerstones of research on preverbal cognition. But less is known about whether these canonical behaviors generalize in naturalistic environments. Here we describe a series of online protocols that replicate classic laboratory findings, detailing our methods throughout. In Experiment 1, we found that 15-month-olds (N = 24) looked longer at an online impossible support event (an object appearing to defy gravity) than a possible support event. These infants did not, however, show the same success with an online solidity event. In Experiment 2, we found that 15-month-olds (N = 24) showed surprise-induced learning online—they were better able to learn a label for a novel object when the object had just behaved unexpectedly. Finally, in Experiment 3, we found that 16-month-olds (N = 20) who heard a valenced utterance (“Yum!”) showed preferential looking to the object most likely to have generated that utterance. Together, these results suggest that, with some adjustments, testing infants online is a feasible and promising approach for cognitive development research.
Digital Figurations : The Human Figure as Cinematic Concept

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mainstream cinema is to an ever-increasing degree deploying digital imaging technologies to work with the human form; expanding on it, morphing its features, or providing new ways of presenting it. This has prompted theories of simulation and virtualisation to explore the cultural and aesthetic implications, anxieties, and possibilities of a loss of the ‘real’ – in turn often defined in terms of the photographic trace. This thesis wants to provide another perspective. Following instead some recent imperatives in art-theory, this study looks to introduce and expand on the notion of the human figure, as pertaining to processes of figuration rather than (only) representation. The notion of the figure and figuration have an extended history in the fields of hermeneutics, aesthetics, and philosophy, through which they have come to stand for particular theories and methodologies with regards to images and their communication of meaning. This objective of this study is to appropriate these for film-theory, culminating in two case-studies to demonstrate how formal parameters present and organise ideas of the body and the human. The aim is to develop a material approach to contemporary digital practices, where bodies have not ceased to matter but are framed in new ways by new technologies.
Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Impetigo is a highly contagious, superficial skin infection that most commonly affects children two to five years of age. The two types of impetigo are nonbullous impetigo (i.e., impetigo contagiosa) and bullous impetigo. The diagnosis usually is made clinically, but rarely a culture may be useful. Although impetigo usually heals spontaneously within two weeks without scarring, treatment helps relieve the discomfort, improve cosmetic appearance, and prevent the spread of an organism that may cause other illnesses (e.g., glomerulonephritis). There is no standard treatment for impetigo, and many options are available. The topical antibiotics mupirocin and fusidic acid are effective and may be superior to oral antibiotics. Oral antibiotics should be considered for patients with extensive disease. Oral penicillin V is seldom effective; otherwise there is no clear preference among antistaphylococcal penicillins, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalosporins, and macrolides, although resistance rates to erythromycin are rising. Topical disinfectants are not useful in the treatment of impetigo.
Critical condition of brittle-ductile transition of optical glasses in ultraprecision grinding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, based on the indentation under different loads, the influence factors for brittle-ductile transition of optical glasses has been investigated theoretically through the simulation of a single grain grinding with the diamond indenter. By the surface and fracture features, the grinding rules and the critical load conditions for the brittle-ductile transition of different optical glasses, the critical grinding depth of the single grain and its influence factors are obtained for the brittle-ductile transition in ultra-precision grinding process. The experimental results show that brittle- ductile transition of optical glasses is controlled by cutting depth of a single grain. When the cutting depth is less than the critical depth, optical glasses are ground in ductile mode. When mean grain size is less than 20 μm, ductile mode grinding of optical glasses can be realized with the relatively larger tangential speed and smaller feed. Otherwise, lubricants is the important factor influence critical cutting depth. Finally, the experimental results of BK7 and FCD1 optical glasses grinding are given.
Current status of human taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.