jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Philanthropy in England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In these works Professor Jordan studies the origins of modern social and cultural institutions in England. He is concerned with the momentous shift which occurred in men's aspirations for their society in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as reflected in the charities which were established by gifts and bequests. In a fascinating account of the measures taken by the Tudors and Stuarts to deal with the problem of poverty, Jordan concludes that it was principally dealt relieved by an immense outpouring of charitable wealth.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 115 PEKANBARU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe; 1) the implementation of character education values in terms of the planning and implementation process in SD Negeri 115 Pekanbaru; 2) behavior of SD Negeri 115 Pekanbaru students in applying the values of religious character, honesty, diligence, discipline, and care / responsibility. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with survey methods. The location of this research was carried out at the SD Negeri 115 Pekanbaru City, having its address at Jalan Handayani, Sidomulyo Timur Mapoyan Pekanbaru, Riau Province. Data collection techniques in this study are; 1) interview; 2) observation; 3) questionnaire (questionnaire); and 4) documentation. The results showed that the tendency of the implementation of character education values in the good category was 8 people (12.7%), while in the sufficient category there were 46 people (73.0%) and in the poor category 9 people (14.3%). So it can be concluded that the tendency of the implementation of the value of character education in SDN 115 Pekanbaru is in the sufficient category.Keywords: Character education, SDN 115 Pekanbaru
Sarah’s Participation in WAT 2019

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes our MT systems’ participation in the of WAT 2019. We participated in the (i) Patent, (ii) Timely Disclosure, (iii) Newswire and (iv) Mixed-domain tasks. Our main focus is to explore how similar Transformer models perform on various tasks. We observed that for tasks with smaller datasets, our best model setup are shallower models with lesser number of attention heads. We investigated practical issues in NMT that often appear in production settings, such as coping with multilinguality and simplifying pre- and post-processing pipeline in deployment.
Experimental Validation of a Distributed Algorithm for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Local Area Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Next generation wireless networks aim at a significant improvement of the spectral efficiency in order to meet the dramatic increase in data service demand. In local area scenarios user-deployed base stations are expected to take place, thus making the centralized planning of frequency resources among the cells, a non-viable solution. Cognitive Radio (CR) and Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) are the research paradigms which are expected to provide the network nodes the capabilities for an autonomous and efficient selection of the spectrum resources. In this paper we present the first experimental activities with the Autonomous Component Carrier Selection (ACCS) algorithm, a distributed solution for interference management among small neighboring cells. A preliminary evaluation of the algorithm performance is provided considering its live execution on a software defined radio network testbed. The obtained experimental results confirm the performance trends obtained from prior simulation studies. The analysis in dynamic environment conditions also allowed identifying the utilization of static thresholds in the decision making process, as a critical aspect for the optimization of network capacity.
Makna jilbab bagi perempuan Muslim Amerika: dinamika perjumpaan Islam dan budaya Amerika

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study deals with how American Muslim women gave meanings to hijab. The data used consistedof the verbal expressions of the subject of the study. The data source included the documents of newsand talks conducted by the National Public Radio (NPR) headquartered at Washington D.C. The data-collecting method was library research. The study concluded that the various views on hijab amongAmerican Muslim were more than the diversity of interpretations of the scriptures. They representedthe encountering dynamics of Islam and American culture. At the economic domain, American cultureaccommodated the hijab as it may represent certain values that helped sell American products. At thesocial, political, and religious domains, however, Americans had a greater prejudice and resistance as theyassociated hijab with fundamentalism, fanaticism, extremism, and even terrorism.
Caring for the caregiver: factors associated with the quality of life of family caregivers to palliative care patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of family caregivers to palliative care patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 125 family caregivers of patients in the terminal phase of their illness and included in palliative care programs. Data were collected using WHOQOL-BREF, the socio-demographic characteristics of both caregiver and patient, clinical questions and information about caregiving. Results: The QoL of caregivers was lower than that of the national average for healthy people. Significantly lower QoL scores were obtained in the case of caregivers if they were women, over 55 years, uneducated, unemployed or the patient’s spouse. Cancer diagnosis and patients who were dependent for their Activities of Daily Living also lower caregiver QoL. The factors associated with higher caregiver QoL in each domain differed: being employed in the physical domain (OR:3.3; 95% CI:1.47-7.4), the patient receiving palliative care in hospital in the psychological domain (OR:3.05; 95% CI:1.19-7.7), a higher level of caregiver´s education in the social domain (OR:3.3; 95% CI:1.4-9.8) and caregivers between 45-55 years in the environmental domain (OR:5.4; 95% CI:1.6-9.2).Conclusion: Family caregivers of palliative care patients are highly burdened during caregiving. Characteristics of the patient and caregiver and the conditions under which care is performed, significantly affect QoL. We consider it essential to increase health professionals’ awareness of the importance of the role of the caregiver in providing services to the terminally ill, given the impact of the caregiver’s QoL on the QoL of the palliative care patient and its importance for the delivery of person-centered care at the end of life.
How market value relates to corporate philanthropy and its assurance. The moderating effect of the business sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Corporate philanthropy strategy integrated into the core business constitutes a novel vision and a little‐explored field of study with regard to corporate social commitment. The goal of this study is to analyse how the diverse ways of managing and assuring philanthropy can be considered signals of a firm's social commitment and consequently affect its market value. In addition, the analysis considers whether the business sector moderates those relationships. We aim to provide a comprehensive vision of corporate philanthropy and its effect on market value. From a sample of 965 firm‐years, of 193 firms from 2011 to 2015, we found that the market responds positively to the professional, independent management of philanthropy via a foundation, in preference to donations, and welcomes external assurance of corporate philanthropy as a set of actions that improve the perceived reliability of philanthropic activities. In addition, we observe a moderating effect of the business sector on the relationships among corporate philanthropy, assurance and the company's market value. The main contribution of this study is the provision of new evidence of how corporate philanthropy and its assurance are effective signals that reduce the information asymmetries between firms and investors, affecting company market value positively.
Complimentary Therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Children and families needing prolonged hospitalisation are often stressed due to several factors i.e. separation from friends and family, lack of independence and staying by the bedside of children and anxieties about the outcome particularly in the context of other children dying on the ward. It was highlighted to the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) by a long term family who identified that complementary therapies would have helped to have given them and their child a brief moment of relaxation and reflection in the most saddening time of their life. Other families had also expressed similiar thoughts. Complimentary therapy (such as massage, reflexology, relaxation techniques) were started in August 2016 on Ward 8 with help of Freshwinds – a charitable organisation which provides a person centred, fully integrated model of care and support, to individuals with life threatening and life limiting illnesses. Aim: To review experience with complimentary therapy in families and children with prolonged hospitalisation. Method: A retrospective review was carried out in families and children receiving complimentary therapy at a tertiary level transplant unit. Questionnaires (detailing feedback of the service) were collected prospectively and examined during this study. Result: The type of therapy received is as per figure 1. Feedback questionnaires were obtained from 14 families and all the families and carers were positive about the therapies offered and no negative feedback was received.FigureDiscussion: Here are just some of the comments received from our families: “As a parent who has been in hospital for 8 weeks with my daughter I had realised that there had been a lack of positive touch – I hadn’t been able to cuddle my daughter for weeks due to drains etc. The aromatherapy massage was brilliant – like a release of emotion I’d held to for weeks.” “What a fantastic service to offer. It was nice just to have some quiet time away for myself.” “Definitely need therapy on the hospital ward for parents and children as families have stressful times from weeks to weeks.” Based on the feedback reviewed it is clear to see that the benefits of the service have proved to be invaluable. Conclusion: Complimentary therapy has proved to be extremely beneficial for families and children in coping with prolonged hospitalisation and should be considered in all units managing chronic conditions in addition to conventional treatment.
Transformation of Significant Wave Heights

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A formula for transforming significant wave heights of wind seas between locations of differing depths is developed from the concept of the equilibrium range in the spectrum. The transformation is assumed valid for single‐peaked equilibrium wind seas which do not contain swell components. The method does not account for the effects of refraction, diffraction, or situations which may be fetch‐ or duration‐limited, therefore the method should not be applied when these effects may be dominant. The transformation is tested using 198 data pairs which seemed to fit the necessary criteria. The significant wave height at the shallower gage (8 m depth) was predicted using the measured significant wave height at the deeper gage (18 m depth). Comparisons between predicted and measured significant wave heights indicate that the wind sea transformation generally performs better than unrefracted shoaling of significant wave height using linear theory, but that underprediction occurs at longer wave periods.
The mouse Na+-K+-ATPase γ-subunit gene (Fxyd2) encodes three developmentally regulated transcripts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Na + -K + -ATPase is understood to function as a hetero-oligomer of α- and β-subunits, but a third subunit, γ, has been proposed to influence the enzyme’s catalytic function. Recently, two variants of the γ-subunit have been described in kidney, raising the possibility of multiple γ-subunits with diverse functions. We now report the cloning and sequencing of the mouse γ-subunit gene ( Fxyd2). Analysis of the structure of the gene shows that it encodes three mRNAs that have distinct NH 2 -terminal (extracellular) encoding sequences but common transmembrane and COOH-terminal-encoding sequences resulting from differential splicing and, probably, alternate promoter usage. The three mRNAs have tissue-specific expression patterns. The existence of three different extracellular domains of the γ-variants and how they may interact with the sodium pump to alter its cation transport properties must now be taken into account for future understanding of the modulation of the Na + -K + -ATPase by its γ-subunit.
PUBLIC PREFERENCES, PRESSURE GROUPS, AND PUBLIC POLICY REGARDING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY IN AGRICULTURE: COMPATIBILITY AND CONFLICT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The multifunctionality of agriculture is increasingly important in the design of agricultural policy. We compare the current emphasis of Californian state policies to social preferences, elicited through focus groups. We demonstrate that program objectives and public priorities diverge in significant ways, and we develop a pressure group political economy model that explains such differences.
Learning Distributed Representation of Recipe Flow Graphs via Frequent Subgraphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent rapid increase in health awareness is producing a large amount of user generated cooking recipes in online community sites. For the effective use of such cooking recipes, it is necessary not only to understand their meaning but also to extract certain structures among them, by paying attention to cooking steps in detail. One of the most precise representations of cooking procedure is the recipe flow graph that is a directed acyclic graph having recipe terms in vertices and their relations in edges. In this paper, as a preliminary attempt for acquiring a new vector representation reflecting various aspects of cooking procedures, we propose a simple method to learn a distributed representation of recipe flow graphs using frequent fragments of cooking procedures. Experiments using real world dataset are conducted to compare the distributed representation of recipe flow graphs and that of recipe texts. As a result, we confirm that the proposed representation can capture the difference among recipes well, and it is suitable for the classification tasks.
Classification of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Manifestations for COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: The early detection of COVID-19 is of paramount importance for the disease treatment and control. As real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction indicates a low sensitivity, the computed tomography of patients' chest can play an effective role in the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly for patients with false-negative RT-PCR tests. It is also effective in monitoring the clinical trends and assessing the severity of the disease. Objectives: Accordingly, this study aimed to review the different manifestations of the COVID-19 infections in High-Resolution Computed Tomography images of patients' chests and analyze the distribution of the disease in the lungs. The results can contribute to providing a comprehensive and concise reference on the appearance of various types of involvement and lung lesions and the extent of these lesions in the COVID-19 patients. Data Sources: We systematically searched four major indexing databases (namely PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central) for articles published by May 2021 using the following keywords: High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), COVID-19, and Manifestations. Results: Overall, 29 studies addressing the role of HRCT in detecting and evaluating the manifestations of the COVID-19 infection in patients' lungs as ground glass opacification (GGO), consolidation, irregular solid nodules, fibrous stripes, crazy paving pattern, air bronchogram sign, etc. were reviewed. Conclusions: GGO was the most common finding, as reported in 96.6% of the reviewed articles, followed by consolidations (65.5%) and irregular solid nodules (55.2%). Most patients revealed the disease process as a bilateral distribution in the peripheral areas of the lung.
Anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody concentrations after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum concentrations of anti-acetylcholine-receptor (anti-AChR) antibody were measured in patients with myasthenia gravis. In those patients undergoing thymectomy concentrations were measured before and after the operation to see whether there might be a connection between the thymus and antibody production. We found no correlation between antibody concentration and either thymectomy or duration and severity of the disease before the operation. Our results suggest that if anti-AChR antibodies are the principal pathogenic factor in myasthenia gravis then immunological and neurophysical variables other than the total serum anti-AChR antibody concentration contribute to the severity of the disease.
Investigation of adiabatically tapered optical microfiber refractometric sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two adiabatically tapered microfiber sensors are investigated in this project; one is based on microfiber Bragg grating (MFBG) and the other is based on the theory of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The main application of these two microfiber sensor discussed here is the environmental sensing (refractive index sensing). MFBG sensor is manipulated by tapering general optical fiber into microfiber. Decreasing the cladding diameter can effectively increase the evanescent field so that the MFBG sensor is sensitive to the variation of ambient refractive index (RI). According to the property of Bragg grating, a sharp peak at the reflection spectrum can be observed. When the ambient RI increases, it influences the effective refractive index of the core grating, thus Bragg wavelength shows a significant shift towards right hand side. It was reported that the sensitivity is non-linearly related with the variation of ambient RI. According to calculation, the sensitivity can be 3 – 5 times at higher RI than the sensitivity at lower RI. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microfiber sensor is another topic discussed in this project. SPR describes the coherent oscillation at the interface of metal layer and dielectric. The oscillation leads to large power loss so that a sharp dip shows up on the transmission spectrum at the resonance wavelength. Since the evanescent field is contacting the ambient environment, it is very sensitive to the variation of ambient RI.The sensitivity can be as high as thousands nm/UIR. When there is a slight change of ambient RI, a significant shift of resonance wavelength occurs on the transmission spectrum. This is the theory and the idea of the experiment design about this topic. These two kinds of microfiber sensors can be both applied into detection of solution deterioration or chemical reactions in solution. The application of SPR sensor can be much broader due to its extremely high sensitivity. Except for bio-sensing, other applications can be further explored.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Alchornea cordifolia and Costus afer Against Some Bacterial Isolates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antibacterial activity of the fresh and concentrated extracts of Alchornea cordifolia and Costus afer against five bacterial species was demonstrated in vitro. The diameter of the zones of inhibition ranged from 6.7±1.5mm to 39.±2.5mm for the fresh juices. The concentrated leaf and stem pith extracts had an inhibition range of 6.3±0.7mm to 22.0±2.5mm. The fresh stem pith juice of Alchornea cordifolia was the most potent plant part and K. varians (39.3±2.5mm) was the most susceptible isolate with a zone of inhibition, which compared well with the gentamycin control (39.3±0.6mm). Extracts from the concentrated leaves were more potent than the juice from the fresh leaves. A combination of the fresh juices did not result in higher zones of inhibition. The extracts obtained from the concentrated leaves and stem of C. afer did not inhibit any of the bacteria tested. The pattern of response exhibited by the bacteria to the extracts was shown by ANOVA to be significantly different. However, ANOVA showed no significant difference in the activity of the concentrated extracts from the leaves of lchornea cordifolia on K. varians (P>0.05). The stem pith and leaves of A. cordifolia can be exploited for use as antibacterial drugs against the bacteria tested since susceptibility to some of them compared well as to gentamycin. The traditional use of these plants for the treatment of diseases caused by the tested isolates was scientifically verified.
Conceptual Approaches to Formation of Wood Industry Cluster in Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

World experience shows the effectiveness of the creation of clusters in various industries. A lot of work and research domestic and foreign scholars and practitioners are dedicated to study and development of mechanisms of realization of industrial policy. The article analyzes the main indicators of the forest industry and forestry in Tomsk region in recent years, the basic provisions are revealed, Factors determining the development trends of the industry are analyzed. The authors identified the major systemic problems hindering the progressive development of forest sector in Tomsk region, including low level of development of periodic yield, the lack of transport and economically available forest resources, inadequate production structure and export of forest products, financial situation of enterprises of the sector, insufficient staffing, weak territorial cooperation of the enterprises and organizations. The article defines the objective conditions for creation of timber industry cluster in Tomsk region, goals, objectives and directions of sustainable development of the forest sector in Tomsk region on the basis of cluster approach are identified. Among the main areas that determine competitiveness of products and possibility of increasing the efficiency of forest management, the following issues are highlighted: development of deep processing of wood through the use of low-grade wood and wood waste, development of transport infrastructure in forests, improving human potential, expanding the range of manufactured timber enterprises in the cluster of products and implementation of joint projects. The conclusions can provide theoretical basis for further research in the field of economic security and development of timber processing complex and forestry. Obtained results can be used both by researchers in further research work to explore issues of cluster development of timber industry and regional authorities and business structures functioning in the sphere of forest industry.