jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methods for Discovering and Validating Relationships Among Genotyped Animals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genomic selection based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has led to the collection of genotypes for over 2.2 million animals by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding in the United States. To assure that a genotype is assigned to the correct animal and that the animal’s pedigree is correct, the pedigree parents are checked. As of January 2018, the sire was validated for 97% and the dam for 39% of the 2.2 million genotyped animals that passed edits. The genotype is compared with all other genotypes to detect unknown parent-progeny relationships or identical genotypes. If a parent is not confirmed, the grandsire is checked. If a grandsire is unknown or designated as unlikely, possible grandsires are proposed. If SNP conflicts for a parent-progeny pair are concentrated on a single chromosome, a chromosomal deletion or other abnormality is considered; 102 such cases have been detected. All comparisons consider the SNPs in common between the genotypes from the current 30 chip types. Comparison of each genotype with all others is a major and increasing consumer of computer resources. Because processing time has continued to increase, ways to reduce the time have been investigated. In 2012, a set of 1,000 SNPs that are present on nearly all chips was selected for preliminary screening. To further speed up processing, a set of 100 SNPs recently was selected based on minor allele frequency, call rate, and Mendelian consistency. Tests with the 100-SNP set showed that excluding cases with more than three opposite homozygotes could eliminate 99.7% of genotypes without eliminating any confirmed parent-progeny relationships. A continuing effort is required to maintain extensive checking and pedigree correction within the time available for processing incoming genotypes and applying updates caused by pedigree changes. In addition to grandsire checking when genotypes are loaded, maternal grandsire and maternal great-grandsire are checked and discovered using haplotypes from the imputation process as part of the genomic evaluation. For dams with unknown sires, the discovered maternal grandsire is assigned as her sire. The genotypes provide a rich source of information for validation and discovery of genetic relationships.
On the Jewish Enlightenment of Ecological Ethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the world's two major sources of religious thought,Judaism has a deep influence on Western civilization and values,it is the most far-reaching ideological roots of eco-ethics,it contains abundant eco-ethical thought.Through carding Eco-ethical ideas of Judaism,we discover the ecological implication and try to build a new line with China's ecological protection systems,to improve the relationship between human and nature.
Sequential processing in comprehension of hierarchical graphs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Hierarchical graphs represent the relationships between non‐numerical entities or concepts (like computer file systems, family trees, etc). Graph nodes represent the concepts and interconnecting lines represent the relationships. We recorded participants' eye movements while viewing such graphs to test two possible models of graph comprehension. Graph readers had to answer interpretive questions, which required comparisons between two graph nodes. One model postulates a search and a combined search‐reasoning stage of graph comprehension (two‐stage model), whereas the second model predicts three stages, two stages devoted to the search of the relevant graph nodes and a separate reasoning stage. A detailed analysis of the eye movement data provided clear support for the three‐stage model. This is in line with recent studies, which suggest that participants serialize problem solving tasks in order to minimize the overall processing load. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of plerixafor on the migration of immune stem cells into the tumor site and survival of rats with C6 glioma (experimental study)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION. Glioblastoma (GB) is a lethal recurrent glial tumor. AIM. To study the effect of the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor on the processes of homing of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into the tumor site and to evaluate the survival of animals after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS. C6 cells and Wistar rats were used. The experiment was approved by the local ethics committee. The methods used were cultural, flow cytometry, experimental surgery, CRT, morphological, immunohistochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis, Kaplan – Meier survival assessment. RESULTS. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to rats with C6 glioma increases the content of BMSCs in the bloodstream by 24.4 times, the combination of G-CSF and plerixafor (PLX) – by 32.9 times. Stimulation with G-CSF increases the content of proliferating cells in the tumor and enriches it with microglial markers, which is accompanied by an increase in the content of TGFβ1 82.4±11.4 ng/ml (versus 38.8±16.3 ng/ml in the control), wnt3A and wnt5A – 52.2±6.4 and 100±11.2 ng/ml (versus 18.6±9.4 and 38.6±14.2 ng/ml in control) and β-catenin – 174±11.2 ng/ml (versus 82.2±16.4 ng/ml in the control). This effect is absent in rats treated with G-CSF and PLF. The median survival of rats receiving CRT was 35 days: rats receiving CRT + G-CSF or PLX were 49 and 51 days, CRT + G-CSF + PLF was 64 days. CONCLUSIONS. Plerixafor enhances the recruiting effect of G-CSF on BMSCs, disrupts the processes of their migration and homing into the neoplastic lesion, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of proliferating elements and microglial cells, a decrease in the content of TGFβ1, wnt ligands and β-catenin in the brain substance and an increase in experimental survival animals with C6 glioma.
Decision, intention, expectation, willingness, and volition: Critics and comments

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are thousands of studies aimed at predicting future behavior. The most outstanding concept in those quests is behavioral intention. However, many researchers fell into misusing those concepts, raising the inaccuracy of the prediction. Many researchers paid no considerable attention to the specific context of their study. This article aims to give the direction to avoid that trap and to straighten out the proper use of the concept of decision, goal intentions, specific intention, implementation, behavioral expectation, behavioral willingness, and volition. The author also outlines their relevance to a particular behavior. Original Article | Turnitin
Comment on hess-2023-15

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The geostatistical characterization of the subsurface is confronted with the double challenge of large uncertainties and high exploration costs. Making use of all available data sources is consequently very important. Bayesian inference is able to mitigate uncertainties in such a data scarce context by drawing on available background information in form of a prior distribution. To make such a prior distribution transparent and objective, it should be calibrated against a data set containing estimates of the target variable from available sites. In this study, we provide a collection of covariance/variogram functions of the subsurface hydraulic parameters from a large number of sites. We analyze this data set by fitting a number of widely used variogram model functions and show how they can be used to derive prior distributions of the parameters of said functions. In addition, we discuss a number of conclusions that can be drawn for our analysis and possible uses for the data set.
Empowering Undergraduate Students Through Community-Based Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community-based research (CBR) is a powerful pedagogical tool for actively engaging and empowering undergraduate students in their research endeavors. This chapter explores how CBR facilitated undergraduate researchers' transformative learning and the development of their civic skills when collaborating with alternative schools. Using the undergraduate researchers' reflections, focus group interviews, and a survey, this case study reveals how developing relationships with young, underserved community members was essential in changing their perspectives regarding the educational system and themselves. Furthermore, the undergraduate researchers' obstacles in collaborating with the community and within their team cohorts became critical sources of civic learning. The challenges of working with various partners fostered their capacity to navigate ambiguity, develop flexibility, and determine which experiences to communicate to community partners. CBR compelled the undergraduate researchers to maneuver through the unforeseen challenges of real life collaborations.
The Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in South Africa: An Empirical Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

South Africa possess some of the highest reported crime statistics in the world, making the study of crime and its determinants of particular interest in this context. Three socio-economic factors can initially be identified as playing an important role in our understanding of the incidence of crime: Unemployment, income levels, and the prevalent level of income inequality. This research uses small area level data from the South African census to derive socio-economic variables and link this to crimes reported by the South African Police Service (SAPS). We briefly discuss the literature surrounding crime and socio-economic indicators, both internationally and in South Africa. We then turn to an overview of the other factors that can influence crime rates, before presenting the classic economic theory of crime in more detail. Finally, we discuss our conceptual approach, which draws on the literature and the economic model to determine what we can expect from the results to follow.
TRAUMATIC ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA INVOLVING THE RIGHT FEMORAL ARTERY AND VEIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An arteriovenous fistula seldom becomes closed without surgical intervention. In the following case spontaneous closure occurred.

REPORT OF A CASE

A man 44 years of age recently was seen at the clinic. He had an arteriovenous aneurysm of the right femoral artery and vein, but this condition was not his reason for seeking medical aid. In fact, the arteriovenous fistula had closed spontaneously about seven years before. The end-result was identical with that which would have followed ligation of the artery and the vein. The patient had first registered at the clinic in 1924, because of the presence of a swelling in the right thigh, which emitted a bruit and gave the sensation of a purring cat to the palpating hand. For some reason he did not wait for an appointment but left Rochester before physical examination or any laboratory studies had been carried out. The patient was brought to
Strategi Pemenangan Jokowi dan Maâ€™ruf Amin dalam Pemilihan Presiden 2019 melalui Pencitraan Politik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to see the winning strategy of the candidate pairs for Jokowi and Ma'ruf Amin in the 2019 presidential election, especially in terms of political imagery. Using Newman and Shet's theory by looking at reinforcement strategies, rationalization strategies, inducement strategies, and confrontation strategies. The method used is descriptive qualitative research methods through in-depth interviews and literature review. Primary data was obtained through interviews with resource persons, namely the success team and volunteer team for the Indonesia Maju coalition, secondary data consisting of books and related documents. The results showed that the candidate pairs Jokowi and Ma'ruf Amin tried to carry out various strategic tactics in order to present themselves as candidates who had a populist image, were liked, were honest and had a dominant ideology of democratic-socialism.
An improved method for coherent structure identification based on mutual K-nearest neighbors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The clustering algorithm based on mutual K-nearest neighbors (MKNN) is presented to identify coherent structures in complicated fluid flows, in order to analyze the mass mixing and transport. First, both trajectory similarity and spatial proximity are used to describe and measure the coherence between particles. These two identification criteria are frame-invariant since they are derived from the relative distances of particles. Then, the concept of mutual K-nearest neighbors is introduced further, and particles with the same cluster label are identified as coherent structures after the initialization and merging process of clusters, while incoherent regions consist of incoherent particles, which cannot form a mutual K-nearest neighbors relationship with other particles. Finally, the MKNN-based clustering algorithm is applied to three examples, realizing the identification and tracking of coherent structures. The identification results show that the MKNN-based clustering algorithm is robust to parameter K, and a higher threshold λ of cluster quantity will be helpful to identify the finer structures in flows. Moreover, spatial proximity performs better in vortex identification, and trajectory similarity is more suitable for elongated structures (jets) identification. Importantly, the method presented analyzes the evolutions of vortices in detail, including the generation, stretching, and merging processes. In summary, the MKNN-based clustering algorithm takes particle trajectories as input data, analyzes the evolution of relative distances between particles quantitatively, and carries out clustering analysis on particles according to trajectory similarity and spatial proximity. The combination of the MKNN-based clustering algorithm and frame-invariant identification criteria shows great potential in coherent structure identification of complicated fluid flows.
Identifying Fatigue Indicators Using Gait Variability Measures: A Longitudinal Study on Elderly Brisk Walking

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Real-time detection of fatigue in the elderly during physical exercises can help identify the stability and thus falling risks which are commonly achieved by the investigation of kinematic parameters. In this study, we aimed to identify the change in gait variability parameters from inertial measurement units (IMU) during a course of 60 min brisk walking which could lay the foundation for the development of fatigue-detecting wearable sensors. Eighteen elderly people were invited to participate in the brisk walking trials for 60 min with a single IMU attached to the posterior heel region of the dominant side. Nine sets of signals, including the accelerations, angular velocities, and rotation angles of the heel in three anatomical axes, were measured and extracted at the three walking times (baseline, 30th min, and 60th min) of the trial for analysis. Sixteen of eighteen participants reported fatigue after walking, and there were significant differences in the median acceleration (p = 0.001), variability of angular velocity (p = 0.025), and range of angle rotation (p = 0.0011), in the medial–lateral direction. In addition, there were also significant differences in the heel pronation angle (p = 0.005) and variability and energy consumption of the angles in the anterior–posterior axis (p = 0.028, p = 0.028), medial–lateral axis (p = 0.014, p = 0.014), and vertical axis (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that a single IMU on the posterior heel of the dominant side can address the variability of kinematics parameters for elderly performing prolonged brisk walking and could serve as an indicator for walking instability, and thus fatigue.
THE SECURITY PROBLEM OF SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although typical network devices, like routers and switches, usually come with onboard management interfaces that allow a network operator to configure and otherwise manage these devices, they still often hide the low level configuration options, making it close to impossible to control flows based on the environment changes. Software Defined Networks and OpenFlow were created because of the flexibility and ease of network device programmability. They use a centralized network control to expose and abstract network functions, allowing administrators to manage network services through abstraction of higher-level functionality, by decoupling the control plane from the data plane; and at the same time introduce many significant security issues and concerns in the implementations. The research community continues efforts in studying, exploring and proposing several different ways to improve the security and reliability of SDN.
The Key Technologies of Blockchain and the Design of Smart Education Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, immutability, traceability, high transparency, high credibility, etc., using key technologies such as blockchain identity authentication, learning records, resource innovation, copyright protection, etc., to cope with the challenges faced in the design process of the current smart education platform, and puts forward the overall design framework that reflects the resource layer, data layer, network layer, consensus layer, contract layer, service layer, and application layer, forming a blockchain to empower smart education resource protection, sharing management, property rights management, knowledge currency, credit conversion, The design ideas of certificate certification and other aspects will surely provide strong support for the design of the smart education platform, and also provide a better path choice for the agglomeration and development of private higher education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Ecological Interactions Drive a Power‐Law Relationship Between Group Size and Population Density in Social Foragers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Past work has shown that group formation in foraging animals aids in resource acquisition and reduces the number of interactions with predators. However, group formation can also increase competition for resources among group members. Here, we model how the individual costs and benefits of group formation drive group size. Our model predicts that when competition for resources occurs within and between groups, forager group size will exhibit a one‐third power‐law relationship with population abundance. However, if groups form due to intragroup competition and predation, we predict either a one‐half power‐law relationship with population abundance or a constant group size depending on the coupling between predator and prey. Using empirical data on group foraging birds and ungulates, we found a scaling relationship consistent with the one‐third power‐law, suggesting that hierarchical competition drives the average group size. Our results support work highlighting the importance of density‐dependent group formation in maintaining population stability.
Antitumor Activity of JS-K [O2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-Ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] and Related O2-Aryl Diazeniumdiolates in Vitro and in Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The literature provides evidence that metabolic nitric oxide (NO) release mediates the cytotoxic activities (against human leukemia and prostate cancer xenografts in mice) of JS-K, a compound of structure R(2)N-N(O)=NO-Ar for which R(2)N is 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl and Ar is 2,4-dinitrophenyl. Here we present comparative data on the potencies of JS-K and 41 other O(2)-arylated diazeniumdiolates as inhibitors of HL-60 human leukemia cell proliferation, as well as in the NCI 51-cell-line screen for six of them. The data show JS-K to be the most potent of the 42 in both screens and suggest that other features of its structure and metabolism besides NO release may contribute importantly to its activity. Results with control compounds implicate JS-K's arylating ability, and the surprisingly low IC(50) value of the N-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazine byproduct of NO release suggests a role for the R(2)N moiety. In addition to the above-mentioned in vivo activities, JS-K is shown here to be carcinostatic in a rat liver cancer model.
The development of a framework for blended learning in the delivery of Library and Information Science curricula at South African universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The core interest in blended learning lies in the need to provide more engaged learning experiences while recognizing the potential of ICTs which has a profound impact on all aspects of life including the Library and Information Service (LIS) field. This doctoral study was undertaken with the objective of exploring the educational and pedagogical issues in blended learning for the development of a framework for designing and implementing blended learning in the delivery of LIS curricula in South African universities. The target populations for this study included, LIS educators from higher education institutions in South Africa offering LIS education, LIS students from these institutions exposed to blended learning interventions and facilitators of blended learning (individuals in institutional teaching and learning units) from the various institutions offering LIS education and using blended learning. The study adopted a mixed method research approach using a fully mixed dominant status design to explore and understand the phenomenon of blended learning at a more detailed level by using qualitative follow-up data (for example, interviews with LIS educators and institutional facilitators of blended learning and focus group discussions with LIS students) to explain and explore the results of a largely quantitative Web survey. The theoretical framework that underpinned the study involved various learning theories, learning styles as well as blended learning models relating to the higher education environment. The key findings of the study reveal that blended learning remains a complex concept with no clear consensus on the key components that need to be blended, how much of each component to blend and the criteria that are needed for the interventions to be regarded as blended learning. This flexibility, to an extent, allows for institutions to tailor the concept and maximise the potential of blended learning while still being responsive to the diverse student populations at South African higher institutions. The framework for blended learning in the delivery of LIS curricula at South African universities proposed by this study is generated from the theories informing this study; the literature reviewed; existing frameworks for blended learning such as Khan’s octagonal framework and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework; the findings of this study; the researcher’s own educational experiences; and, is grounded in the larger field of higher education. The use of blended learning has the potential to transform LIS education and training by encouraging LIS educators to reflect on their teaching and learning practices and to use the proposed framework as a guideline to design and implement pedagogically sound blended learning interventions for LIS education and training.