jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pre-column dervatization of amino acids from nigella sativa L seed hydrolysates by reversed phase HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A rapid and sensitive method for analysis of amino acid hydrolysates of nigella sativa L seed has been developed using O-phthaldialehyde(OPA ) as a pre-column derivatizing agent. OPA reagents in the presence of mercaptoethanol react rapidly with primary amino acids ( less than 60 sec.) to form isindole derivatives which easily separated with good selectivity on ODS column. Resolution of amino acid derivatives is carried out with a methanol gradient in 0.01 maqueous sodium acetate. pH 7.1 . The quantitation of amino acid derivatives is reproducible within an average relative deviation of + 1.4% the linearity for most amino acids were more than 0.9993 with detection limit of 0.2 ppm. 15 amino acid were detected in the analysis of the seed protein hydrolysate. The presence of glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, cystine phenylalanine, aspartic acid in large quantities. The common separated amino acids were detected by U.V at 338 nm within 21 minutes.
Time, health service utilisation and health status in Africa: Evidence from six countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The debate on mechanisms for health‐care financing in sub‐Saharan Africa since the pre‐independence days has focused on roles of markets and governments in mobilising resources to finance health services, with little or no awareness of the role played by the household time allocations across everyday tasks. The paper first examines the response of health service utilisation to monetary prices of care and to the time costs of fetching water and firewood. Next it estimates the effect of service usage on health status using comparable survey data from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Niger and Uganda. The main finding of the study is that health service utilisation is negatively associated with the monetary and time costs incurred to access health facilities, but the effect of service usage on health status in the study samples is generally positive. The evidence from this study and that from previous investigations in the field, both suggest that a broad‐based health‐care financing strategy in sub‐Saharan Africa should include affordable user charges, local level public provision of social insurance and water supplies, as well as investments in domestic fuel technologies and transportation infrastructure directed at reducing time poverty.
Structural characterization and computer-aided redesign of the substrate binding pockets of the selection domains from mega-enzymes involved in glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic (GPAs)used to treat infections by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. GPAs are natural products and due to their complex structure we rely on bacterial fermentation for their production. Consequently, we need to understand GPA biosynthesis to develop new compounds for clinical use. Herein, we structurally characterise an amino acid selection domain integral to the synthesis of the GPA, explore the evolution of these domains to reveal how ancestral forms of these proteins evolved to accept new amino acid building blocks, and learn how to modify these domains by understanding natural evolution in biosynthesis.
Obstacles of Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic Among Science Teachers in Palu City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the obstacles to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic among science teachers in Palu City. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a survey method which was conducted in person and online. Primary data collection was done by interview, distributing questionnaires totaling 25 questions online to respondents. Respondents were 9 science teachers in 3 junior high schools in Palu Barat sub-district who were more than 25 years old with a bachelor's degree. The results showed that overall there were 4 items that did not hinder or did not become an obstacle in online learning for teachers, 12 statement items were considered inhibiting by teachers and 9 items were considered very inhibiting by teachers, the difficulty faced by teachers was the difficulty of evaluating practicum activities online, while some subjects in science lessons require practicum activities, this makes the teacher improvise in practicum activities and ask students to do simple independent practicums, but direct practicum is still considered better because the teacher can directly monitor student activities
The Reform of the Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Gloomily looking back upon his efforts to reform the government of New Spain, Palafox observed that ‘during those nine years I sailed and rowed against the current of the will of men and with the current of the will of God’. He was convinced that his mission was crucial to the survival of the Spanish Monarchy, and miserably watched the failure of his project for reform as one who bears witness to the prelude of political disaster. Comparable to the lone sailor who struggles to steer his sinking vessel amid prowling pirates and turbulent winds, the story of Palafox’s experience in viceregal politics was ultimately a sad one. Perhaps the ship was not actually sinking—almost two centuries would pass before Spain’s overseas empire finally foundered—and this image was just the product of his troubled imagination.
PERAN UNIT COUNTER TRAFFICKING INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) DALAM MENANGANI ANCAMAN KEAMANAN NON-TRADISIONAL (PERDAGANGAN TKI ILEGAL) DI PROVINSI NTB

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of human trafficking under the guise of illegal TKI trade (Human Trafficking) is still a crime that can threaten human security throughout the world including in Indonesia and more particularly in four districts in West Nusa Tenggara, West Lombok, Central Lombok Regency, East Lombok Regency, and North Lombok Regency. IOM Indonesia's Counter Trafficking Unit is one of the international organizations that have the task of dealing with human trafficking issues. With the sense of need to play an active role in overcoming the problem of illegal TKI trade in NTB, therefore Counter Trafficking Unit cooperates with NTB government to jointly seek various strategies to create human security in the form of illegal kindergarten trade in four districts namely West Lombok regency, Central Lombok, East Lombok Regency, and North Lombok Regency of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The methodology used by researchers in this research is qualitative method with descriptive technique. This method according to the researchers will be able to describe and explore problems that occur systematically, valid, factual and accurate. Furthermore, the main purpose of this research is to see how the role of Counter Trafficking Unit in assisting NTB Government to overcome the illegal trade of migrant workers by Traffickers (Calo/ PJTKI) in NTB. The conclusion of this research is IOM Counter Trafficking Unit has a role set in handling the problem of illegal TKI trade in NTB, ie as role expection, strengthening of role conception, establishing partnership with NTB government from 2001 -2018.
Prospects for using pine nut products in the dairy industry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Functional products are currently attracting a lot of research interest. Modern people’s diet does not satisfy their need for nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and functional products can make it more balanced. In particular, our diet is lacking in protein. This paper discusses the prospects for enriching dairy products with plant protein derived from pine nuts and their products. Pine nut paste, fat-free milk, and oil cake are a valuable source of fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements. The protein, lipid, vitamin, and mineral content of these products makes them suitable for combining with milk. Their water-holding and fat-emulsifying capacities allow their use as stabilizers and emulsifiers. Siberian pine nuts grow wild in the Kemerovo Region, which makes their use as a raw material economically feasible. The article introduces a number of functional dairy products enriched with pine nut products, such as cheese, ice cream, and cottage cheese. Further, it describes the production process and the products’ nutritional value. The chemical composition of new types of dairy products shows that using pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil enriches them with plant proteins, vegetable fats, vitamins as well as macro- and microelements. Replacing dairy raw materials with plants does not reduce the nutritional value of new dairy products. Dairy foods are rich in protein, fat, and minerals. The vitamin content of new dairy products with functional ingredients is similar to that of dairy-based products. Moreover, using functional products (pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil) enriches new types of dairy products with tocopherols.
An interview with Harry Lourandos

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Australia, Lourandos' approach to Aboriginal archaeology has generated more heated debate than any other in the discipline. Yet over the years many of his ideas about the Aboriginal past have come to merge into conventional wisdom, while his role in changing academic and popular perceptions has remained largely unacknowledged. Here we three- archaeology students of the 1980s, and now colleagues - interrogate Harry through a series of emailed questions and answers about the place of his own ideas, and of archaeology in general, in a post-colonial Australia.
KINETIC MODELING, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND COLOUR CHANGES OF MANGO PEELS DURING HOT AIR DRYING

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, drying of mango peels was kinetically investigated within temperature range of 40-100 ºC and the applicability of several models available in literature was statistically evaluated. Midilli’s model provided the best description of the kinetics of drying mango peels with constant drying rates (k-and b-values) varying from 0.0190 to 0.0399 min-n and from 0.000404 to 0.000903 min-1, respectively, in temperature range of 40-100 ºC. High concentration of total phenolic content was obtained when drying temperature was increased up to 80 ºC. Finally, the polyphenolic degradation could be accompanied by CIELB parameters related to the yellowness of the dried samples. Keywords   In this work, drying of mango peels was kinetically investigated within temperature range of 40-100 ºC and the applicability of several models available in literature was statistically evaluated. Midilli’s model provided the best description of the kinetics of drying mango peels with constant drying rates (k-and b-values) varying from 0.0190 to 0.0399 min-n and from 0.000404 to 0.000903 min-1, respectively, in temperature range of 40-100 ºC. High concentration of total phenolic content was obtained when drying temperature was increased up to 80 ºC. Finally, the polyphenolic degradation could be accompanied by CIELB parameters related to the yellowness of the dried samples.
Measurement of One-Way Internet Packet Delay

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper reports on a dedicated measurement system for delay measurements in IP routers, which follows specifications of the IETF RFC 2679. The system uses both passive and active measurements. Dedicated application-layer software is used to generate traffic. Pareto traffic models are used to generate self-similar traffic in the link. Both packet inter-arrival times and packet sizes are matching real traffic models. A passive measurement system is used for data collection that is based on using several so-called Measurement Points, each of them equipped with DAG monitoring cards. Hashing is used for the identification and matching of packets. The combination of passive measurements and active probing, together with using the DAG monitoring system, gives us an unique possibility to perform precise traffic measurements as well as the flexibility needed to compensate for the lack of analytic solutions.
CoLoSSI: Multi-Robot Task Allocation in Spatially-Distributed and Communication Restricted Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In our research, we address the problem of coordination and planning in heterogeneous multi-robot systems for missions that consist of spatially localized tasks. Conventionally, this problem has been framed as a task allocation problem that maps tasks to robots. However, all previous work assumes that tasks are atomic procedures. In this work, we relax this assumption and adopt a non-atomic model of tasks that enables robots to accomplish mission tasks incrementally over disjoint periods, precisely to account for the possibility of having a task serviced by numerous individual contributions over time. We propose a cooperative, load-balancing task allocation and scheduling algorithm based on sequential single-item auctions (CoLoSSI) that explicitly considers the non-atomicity of tasks, promotes synergies between agents, and enables cooperation while maintaining computational tractability. We also propose a fully distributed variant of CoLoSSI that tackles sparse, communication-restricted scenarios. Computational and simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approaches for generating good-quality mission plans with low computational effort.

Other Information

Published in: IEEE Access
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434645
Towards an Arid Eden? Boundary making, governance and benefit sharing and the political ecology of the “new commons” of Kunene Region, Northern Namibia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last two decades many sub-Saharan African countries have devolved rights and obligations in rural natural resource management from state to local communities in an effort to foster social-ecological sustainability and economic development at the same time. Often these governmental projects were launched in settings in which traditional commons, informed by both the demands of traditional subsistence-orientated agrarian systems and the tenure policies of colonial and postcolonial states were well established, and in which power struggles between rivaling traditional authorities, between seniors and juniors, and between state agents and local communities were pertinent. These moves were also embedded in (partially contradictory) discourses on decentralization, political participation, economic empowerment, and neo-liberally inspired commoditization of natural resources. In the process of devolvement rights and obligations were handed over to communities which were formalized in the process: formal membership, social and spatial boundaries, elected leadership, established models of governance, and accountability both to the wider community and to state bureaucracy. New commons were established around specified resources: pastures, water, forests, game. In the process these resources were (partially) commoditized: game owned by the community could be sold as trophies for hunting, lands could be rented out to private investors, and water had to be paid for. This contribution is intended to shed light on the process of establishing new commons – in the local context named conservancies – of game management in north-western Namibia. Game on communal lands had been state-owned and state-controlled in the colonial past. This did not preclude poaching but certainly inhibited significant degrees of commoditization. The new commons of game management are meant to do exactly this, in two steps: first specific rights (in this case management rights and transfer rights) are devolved to a well-defined community; then this community (or its committee) decides how to put the newly gained rights to good use and transfers such rights to private investors, tourism entrepreneurs and commercial hunters. While the first step is informed by discourses on participation and co-management, the second step is market-oriented and seeks so-called public-private partnerships.
Death Penalty in Georgia and Former Eastern Bloc Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article reviews death penalty as a type of punishment that has been used in Georgia from the ancient times till the end of the 20thcentury. It contains a brief description of legislation in both feudal and soviet eras. The article also discusses the way Georgian state andlaw have been passed concerning the important issues such as rejection of death penalty as the capital punishment. Along with the Georgianexample, the research deals with experience in utilizing and abolishing of death penalty in the countries of former socialist block.The article provides the research results concerning the societal attitude towards the death penalty conducted by different organizationsin different periods of time.The research emphasizes international legislation, particularly international conventions and agreements that regulated and still regulatepossibility of use of death penalty in the civilized world. Namely, it is applied to crimes and cases that were committed for which internationallegislation allowed death penalty as a possible measure of punishment. The article also talks about the modern worldviews, argumentsoften presented by the supporters and opponents of the abolition of death penalty, principles of humanism and state competenceon using the capital punishment.In conclusion, the article stresses author’s opinion about the problematic issues.
Positive-type Photosensitive Polyimide with Low Modulus based on Soluble Block Copoly(imide-siloxane)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel positive-type photosensitive polyimide with low modulus based on soluble block copoly(imide-siloxane) with hydroxyl group and diazonaphthoquinone as a photoreactive compound has been developed. The base block copoly(imide-siloxane) was prepared by a direct one-pot polycondensation of biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride(BPDA) 2,2-Bis(3-amino-4-methyl)phenylhexafluoropropane(Bis-AP-AF) and diamino(poly)siloxane in the presence of a γ-valerolactone and pyridine catalyst system using dipolar aprotic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP). The base block copoly(imide-siloxane) consists of aromatic polyimide unit as a hard segment, and polysiloxane unit as a soft segment.The polysiloxane unit contributed to the resulting poly(imide-siloxane) film with not only colorlessness and transparency which are the important factors for a photosensitive polyimide but also low modulus. Due to the low modulus, it can reduce the residual wafer stress caused by the CTE (coefficient of thermal expand) mismatch between silicon wafer (3ppm/K) and polyimide (30∼60ppm/K), and prevent semiconductor devices from physical and electric damage. Photosensitive block copoly(imide-siloxane) containing 20wt% Ester of 2,3,4,4'-trihydrobenzophenone with 1,2-naphthoquinone-(2)-diazide-5-sulfonic acid (4NT-300) showed a sensitivity of 350mj/cm2 and a contrast of 1.95 when it was exposed to UV light, followed by development with 2.38% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution containing 10wt% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at room temperature.
Repellent effects of selected medicinal plant extracts against Rust-Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acetone based plant extracts of Nigella sativa, Syzygium aromaticum and Trachyspermum ammi was assessed against the stored pest of processed commodities, Tribolium castaneum. Periodic analysis for the repellence, by impregnating half-filter paper disc and at various concentrations (5, 10, 15%), was done. Trials showed significant repellent effects as T. ammi (76.67%) followed by S. aromaticum (76.54%) and N. sativa (64.32%). Overall, the T. ammi extracts were proved to be more repellent followed by S. aromaticum and N. sativa. Results suggest a safer potential of these natural extracts toward disturbing the biology and invasion of stored product pest, T. castaneum. Results also indicate a definite potential of these extracts towards incorporation of these extracts in pest management programs and towards optimizing food security through utilizing them as bio-pesticides.
Comparison of the Personalities of Non-Injured and Injured Female Athletes in Intercollegiate Competition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study was designed to determine if differences exist between the personalities of injured and non-injured athletes, injured and non-injured athletes in individual sports, and injured and non-injured athletes in team sports. Subjects were forty-three female athletes selected from six intercollegiate teams. The test instrument was the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the two-way analysis of variance. Alpha was .05. Conclusions of the investigation were that the personality of injured athletes does not differ from the personality of non-injured athletes, that non-injured athletes in individual sports are more self-assured than non-injured athletes in team sports, and that the personality of athletes in team sports does not differ from the personality of athletes in individual sports.
Hot gas accretion fuels star formation faster than cold accretion in high redshift galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We use high-resolution ($\simeq$ 35pc) hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation to investigate the relation between gas accretion and star formation in galaxies hosted by dark matter haloes of mass $10^{12}$ $\mathrm{M_\odot}$ at $z = 2$. At high redshift, cold-accreted gas is expected to be readily available for star formation, while gas accreted in a hot mode is expected to require a longer time to cool down before being able to form stars. Contrary to these expectations, we find that the majority of cold-accreted gas takes several hundred Myr longer to form stars than hot-accreted gas after it reaches the inner circumgalactic medium (CGM). Approximately 10% of the cold-accreted gas flows rapidly through the inner CGM onto the galactic disc. The remaining 90% is trapped in a turbulent accretion region that extends up to $\sim$ 50 per cent of the virial radius, from which it takes several hundred Myr for the gas to be transported to the star-forming disc. In contrast, most hot shock-heated gas avoids this 'slow track', and accretes directly from the CGM onto the disc where stars can form. We find that shock-heating of cold gas after accretion in the inner CGM and supernova-driven outflows contribute to, but do not fully explain, the delay in star formation. These processes combined slow down the delivery of cold-accreted gas to the galactic disc and consequently limit the rate of star formation in Milky Way mass galaxies at $z > 2$.