jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Joint optimization of pricing and planning decisions in divergent supply chain

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In divergent supply chains, such as in the oil industry, processing raw materials results in an outflow of multiple products. Final products are stored at international depots, from where they are ready to be shipped to the markets. Even if one company controls the entire chain, when production and sales organizations are decoupled, a relevant problem is to determine the internal prices of products at depots for achieving coordination. We propose an optimization model involving pricing and production decisions, and several constraints commonly used in divergent chains. In our approach, the producer incorporates the sellers’ behavior by expressing demand as a function of the internal price. As a result, our model serves as a coordination mechanism in trying to get an overall coordinated integrated solution in a decoupled reality. Numerical examples in single and multiple periods problems show the advantages of our approach over cost‐based methods.
EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A PATIENT with bizarre, recurrent, eosinophilic tumefactions of the skin has been under observation for the past three and one-half years. The clinical findings, in comparison to those noted in previous reports, are unique inasmuch as the individual lesions have been of relatively short duration with a tendency to spontaneous disappearance, are acutely inflammatory in nature and are completely insensitive to irradiation with roentgen rays. As a background for discussion of this case, the pertinent literature will first be summarized. Following the presentation of the case, an attempt will be made to link up the various eosinophilic tumefactions into a logical pattern and to clarify the relationship between these lesions and eosinophilia in general.

SUMMARY OF ANALOGOUS CASES

The first case of cutaneous eosinophilic granuloma to be reported was that of Freund1in 1930. His patient had active pulmonary tuberculosis. For six years there were present livid red, semicircular
Manitoba's money market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Canadian money market was formally established by the Bank of Canada in the early 1950's in an effort to improve the effectiveness of the Bank's ability to direct and influence the state of the Canadian economy. By a series of moves, the Bank of Canada broadened the market for government of Canada treasury bills to include not only the banking community but also investment dealers, industrial corporations and individuals... Section I outlines in some detail the steps involved in the establishment of a money market in Canada... In Section II the roles of some of the more important participants in the Canadian money market are outlined... The commercial banks are playing an increasingly important role in the activities of the money market as a result of revisions to the Bank Act in 1967. Sales finance companies and others such as non-financial corporations now are major participants in the money market both as borrowers and as lenders... Section III deals specifically with the money market as it is found in Manitoba... However, Manitoba, in the past has made fairly extensive use of the facilities of the Canadian money market and it has contributed a number of innovations to the market - namely grain paper and provincial treasury bills. These activities and innovations have shown that Manitoba has sophisticated financial organizations and personnel with a high degree of expertise in a relatively little known aspect of finance, and these attributes have contributed towards the establishment in Canada of a more national financial system.
Improvement for Ergonomic Quality of Man-Machine Interaction in Automated Systems based on the Optimization Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A mathematical model of optimization of the man-machine system by the description of the functional algorithm in a form of an event graph was worked out. The task of ergonomic design is reduced to the problem of linear programming. As an objective function, the probability of error-free execution of the operation algorithm is used, and as constraints, the restriction on the mathematical expectation of the execution time and resource consumption. Mathematical model the optimal variant of human-machine interaction allows you to choose. The model will be useful for designers of automated systems.
Over-expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 in human endometrial cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Gynecologic cancers including cancers of the endometrium are a clinical problem (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover genes associated with endometrial cancers by comparing transcriptomes of the normal endometrium and endometrial tumors from humans. We identified inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3, encoded by ITPR3, as among the most differentially expressed genes, transcriptome-wide, in cancers of the endometrium. ITPR3 was expressed at significantly higher levels in endometrial tumor tissues as compared to the endometrium. Importantly, in human endometrial cancer, primary tumor expression of ITPR3 was correlated with overall survival in white patients with low mutational burden. ITPR3 may be a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of human endometrial cancer.
Sociobiology and the Law: The Biology of Altruism in the Courtroom of the Future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Sociobiology and the Law John Beckstrom 1 presents an interesting and insightful analysis of the interaction of two seemingly unrelated fields -theoretical evolutionary biology 2 and the practical distribution of entitlements in the legal system.Beckstrom successfully achieves his express purposes: (1) to introduce lawyers to potential legal applications of sociobiological theory and (2) to introduce scientists to existing empirical research opportunities within the law.At the outset it should be noted that Beckstrom does not mire the reader in technical jargon or in the details of experimental studies; rather, he concentrates on the implications of this nascent theory for lawmaking, referring the curious to the major literature of sociobiology.3 Yet, despite its clarity to the lawyer or lay person, the book's analysis is not simplistic. 4It exhibits familiarity with the nuances and limitations of current theory neglected by some writers. 5he fundamental premise of sociobiology is that evolution genetically predisposes an individual to aid others in order to promote the proliferation of his specific genes. 6 This proposition focuses upon the success of an individual's specific complement of genes, as opposed to that of the global human gene pool.Thus, sociobiology primarily will affect legal areas, such as probate or family law, which involve the distribution of entitlements among biological relatives or between relatives and genetic strangers (p.3).Beckstrom hypothesizes marginal effects of evolutionary genetic programming on the type of aid-giving behavior which lawmakers must attempt to predict, describe, and codify.The expression of these behavioral effects is, however, limited by two important (but occasion-
VALIDATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF GRAPHIC FLOOR SIGNS BASED ON VISUAL SEARCH CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY PEDESTRIANS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

近年，公共交通施設や建築物のバリアフリー化が進められているが，一部の誘導サインは視覚障害者や高齢者にとって利用困難な場合がある．本研究では視線計測装置を用いて鉄道駅周辺で歩行実験を行い，高齢者の視覚探索特性の観点から路面誘導サインの効果を検証した．実験の結果，路面誘導サインは吊り下げ型サインに比べて，発見率，発見距離，誘目性に関する聞き取りの評価が低い一方で，注視時間が短く，可読性および自分にとっての有効性に関する聞き取りについて高い評価が得られた．また，一度発見するとそれ以降路面を意識して歩行する傾向が見られた．さらに，著者らの先行研究と比較した結果，高齢者群は非高齢者群に比べて路面誘導サインの発見距離が短く注視時間も短いが，誘導に必要な情報を読み取れていることが示唆された．
Modified algorithm for multi-label learning based on neighbors weighting and multi-instance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In most cases, the inherent ambiguity of each instance is explicitly expressed in the output space based on associations with multiple class labels. Recent studies indicate that the instance ambiguity can be expressed in the input space by transforming a single instance into a bag of instances and establishing the relations between sets of labels and bags of transformed instances. However, the bags of instances are generated by calculating the mean values of instances corresponding to the each label with equal weight for each instance. Because of the local distribution characteristics of data, taking the local distribution of data will generate more accurate instance bags. This paper fully considers the local distribution characteristics, and proposes a new multi-label classification algorithm. Experimental results show that it outperforms other proposed multi-label algorithms.
Sodium intake does not influence bioimpedance-derived extracellular volume loss in head-down rest.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our bioimpedance data confirm that low sodium intake decreases ECV in ambulatory conditions and indicate that 8 d of HDBR produce a loss of ECV of about 5% (p < 0.05). The loss did not seem to be influenced by sodium intake between approximately 3 and approximately 10 g x d(-1).
The Activism and Radicalism Intention Scales (ARIS) as a Measure of Political Mobilization: Verification of Factor Structure and Invariance across Gender in a Sample of Polish Academic Youth

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to fill the gap related to the lack of Polish-language scales for measuring political mobilization. Therefore, we developed the Polish version of the Activism-Radicalism Intention Scales (ARIS) and assessed its psychometric properties in a sample of academic youth. In an online survey, 767 students completed ARIS and other questionnaires assessing related constructs. Using the confirmatory factor analysis, we investigated the bi-factorial structure that should best fit the theoretical concept underlying the ARIS. In this way, we extended the original factor analysis conducted by the scale’s authors, which was based on exploratory analytic methods. Furthermore, we verified the reliability, dimensionality, and multi-group measurement invariance across gender and construct validity. The results confirmed that the scale has a bi-factorial structure. The reliability of the ARIS is high, and scale is characterized by partial strict invariance across gender and satisfactory construct validity. In conclusion, we positively assessed the utility of the Polish version of the ARIS. Therefore, the scale can be successfully used in research on Polish society, the aim of which is to monitor the level of the political participation of Poles and to identify individuals and groups that are politically uninvolved or prone to radicalization.
Manganese mitigates against hepatorenal oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3 activation in rats exposed to hexachlorobenzene

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study investigated the individual and collective effect of organochlorinated fungicide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and manganese (Mn), a metal, on the hepatorenal function in adult rats. Rats were divided into four groups of rats comprising of control, HCB alone (15 mg/kg), Mn alone (10 mg/kg) and co-exposure group that were orally treated for 25 consecutive days. After sacrifice, hepatorenal damage and antioxidant status markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, levels of nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative stress (TOS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and caspase-3 activity were assessed using ELISA. Results revealed that the HCB administration significantly (p < 0.05) increased the biomarkers of hepatorenal toxicity, decreased the antioxidant status and TAC, raised the levels of TOS and LPO as well as increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and caspase-3 activity. Rats co-exposed to HCB and Mn showed decreased biomarkers of hepatorenal damage, increased antioxidant status and TAC with simultaneous reduction in the levels of TOS and LPO significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and caspase-3 activity were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the liver and kidney of rats' co-expose to HCB and Mn. Histological examination showed that damages induced by HCB were assuaged in rats co-treated with HCB and Mn. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that co-treatment of HCB and Mn in rats' alleviated HCB-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3 activation in the liver and kidney of the rats.
Excess Readmission rates for Heart Failure and Pneumonia by Hospital Type

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The improvement of quality care is a major goal for modern healthcare. Quality of care is often measured through readmission rates for specific conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, total arthroplasty of the knee/hip, etc. This data has been used by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to adjust reimbursement rates for hospitals with excessive readmissions. Different hospital operations and management models possess structural differences that may impact the rates of readmission. This study investigated whether there were significant differences in the readmission rates for academic, non-profit, and for-profit hospitals. The results may be important in reshaping guidelines to assess hospitals based on readmission rates. The average excess readmissions for heart failure were in non-profit hospitals for 1.0047, for-profit hospitals for 1.013, and academic hospitals for 0.975. The ANOVA for this set returned a p-value of 1.70284E-05, meaning that the results were statistically significant. As such, academic hospitals have statistically lower readmission rates for heart failure. The excess readmission rates for pneumonia yielded 1.025 for non-profit, 1.024 for for-profit, and 0.99 for academic hospitals. The ANOVA returned a p-value of 2.4899E-09, which suggests the differences seen are statistically significant. As such, academic hospitals also have a statistically lower rate of pneumonia readmissions. The study has implications for consumer decision-making when choosing a hospital. In addition to this, algorithms for benchmarking as well as CMS adjustments to reimbursement rates may consider factoring in the hospital ownership type. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2022-04-02-03 Full Text: PDF
Environmental influences on the spatial distribution of European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) and red mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) in the Mediterranean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to test the hypotheses that red mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) and hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) abundances are related to the bathymetry, spatial location and the temperature‐based variability of the NE Mediterranean. Data were collected during a 2‐year period (1996–1997) of quasi‐synoptic sampling using demersal trawl surveys in the northern Aegean Sea. The results of this study supported these hypotheses. It was found that geographic position and sea bottom characteristics influence the temporal distribution patterns of red mullet and hake. Data are presented that reveal species‐specific aggregation patterns and an important habitat utilisation of the area. The modelled species’ abundances showed a strongly non‐linear dependence on the explanatory covariates. This study, although not directly dealing with spawning, also provided evidence that red mullet and hake demonstrate environmental and bathymetric preferences in the months posterior to spawning. Mean red mullet abundance was consistently highest in areas with warmer bottom waters in the east and west than in the centre, these areas having shallower depths (35–60 m) and bottom temperatures around 19°C. The red mullet appeared to avoid the cold bottom waters (<16°C) of the deeper regions. Results indicated that areas with the highest hake abundances were located in waters of ∼160 m having bottom temperature of ∼16°C and avoided the shallower waters (<70 m) regardless of their bottom temperature. The present findings also suggested that colder bottom waters at all depths were associated with lower‐than‐average hake abundance. Red mullet and hake preferences for areas with specific bathymetric and ocean environmental conditions are believed to be linked to the oceanography of the NE Mediterranean ecosystem.
The Digital Humanities and Democracy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There has been much debate in recent years as to what constitutes the digital humanities. This article argues that one way to articulate the digital humanities is through a focus on the democratization of the humanities, by increasing access to and participation in the humanities, rather than through an emphasis on technology use. Using a case study approach, and the theory of structuration, this article examines how digital humanists are attempting to expand the reach and diversity of the humanities through the digitization of data and the building of digital tools.
Generic diversity and septal complexity in Cretaceous ammonoids. Effects of oceanic anoxic events on the ammonoid evolutionary dynamic

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between the number of genera of Cretaceous planiespiral ammonoids and their sutural complexity estimated by their fractal dimension. It is confirmed that the dynamics of generic diversity is associated with the appearance/disappearance of simple suture genera, which are not ascribed to a particular family. The maximum oscillations of generic diversity occur in the Aptian and Albian which are associated with large variations in the number of genera with simple sutures. From the Middle Campanian there is a continued loss of diversity until the end of the Maastrichtian linked to a net reduction of single suture genera. The direct relationship between the number of genera and the range of septal complexity in each substage indicates that different degrees of septal complexity are different ecomorphological strategies of adaptation to different niches. This result confirms that the specialist forms are those with simple sutures while the genera with complex septa are either generalist forms or are adapted to environments that do not undergo major fluctuations over geological time. The ammonoid generic diversity recorded dynamics is different from that of other marine invertebrates, reflecting paleobiological and/or taphonomic differences. The symmetrical distribution of septal complexity values points to the relative fidelity of the fossil record of Cretaceous ammonoids. The effect of seven oceanic anoxic events of the Cretaceous on the number of genera and septal complexity is analyzed, obtaining no statistically distinguishable effects of the oscillations of these variables with respect to those occurring in other intervals where such events are not recorded.
Sucrose Promotes Strawberry Fruit Ripening and Affects Ripening-Related Processes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Strawberry is a typical nonclimacteric fruit, whose ripening mechanism needs to be further investigated. Sucrose has been recently proved as a signal molecule, participating in strawberry fruit ripening and related processes. While in the effects of sucrose application timing and concentration on ripening, fruit qualities remain unclear, as well as the transcriptome-wide details about the effects of sucrose on the gene expression involved in ripening-related processes. In this study, strawberry fruits at the degreening (DG), white (W), and initial-red (IR) stages were treated with different concentration of sucrose. The results showed that anthocyanin was increased while total polyphenol concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC) were decreased during fruit development after sucrose treatment. Interestingly, It was showed that 100 mM sucrose application at the DG stage had the most obvious effects on fruit ripening; it made all the fruits turn into full-red (FR) around 4 days (d) earlier than the control, while it did not affect fruit quality traits and most bioactive compounds in the FR fruits. Subsequently, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of the fruits collected at 8 days after 100 mM sucrose treatment was carried out. It was suggested that 993 genes were differentially expressed comparing with the control. Transcriptome-based expression analysis revealed that sucrose induced the expression of genes involved in the AsA and anthocyanin biosynthesis, while largely suppressed the expression of genes in TCA. The results obtained in this study provided more expression profiles of ripening-related genes under the treatment of sucrose, which will contribute to a better understanding for the mechanism underlying sucrose-induced fruit ripening.
A law of the wall for turbulent boundary layers with suction: Stevenson’s formula revisited

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The turbulent velocity field in the viscous sublayer of the boundary layer with suction to a first approximation is homogeneous in any direction parallel to the wall and is determined by only three constant quantities — the wall shear stress, the suction velocity, and the fluid viscosity. This means that there exists a finite algebraic relation between the turbulent shear stress and the longitudinal mean-velocity gradient, using which as a closure condition for the equations of motion, we establish an exact asymptotic behavior of the velocity profile at the outer edge of the viscous sublayer. The obtained relationship provides a generalization of the logarithmic law to the case of wall suction.
Combined modeling of supply interruptions and voltage dips in a smart grid scenario

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modeling of supply interruptions and voltage dips caused by component failures and scheme reconfigurations in an electrical distribution scheme is considered in a Smart Grid scenario. Explicit reference is made to a MV/LV transformer substation supplying an industrial load. The modeling difficulties due to the contemporaneous presence of fast switching actions together with slow repair procedures are discussed. A simple technique based on the decomposition of a complete Markov model, fully describing the system is presented. The different simplified models resulting from the decomposition are solved sequentially. The application to the MV/LV substation shows the technique suitability. The importance of accounting for voltage dips and short interruptions further than for long interruptions is also evidenced. This is a consequence of the ability of such brief duration disturbances to cause damages of longer duration such as industrial process shut-down.
Beam-Foil Excitation Studies of Aluminum with a Heavy-Ion Accelerator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A 600-keV heavy-ion accelerator equipped with a universal ion source and a magnet capable of separating masses up to uranium was used for beam-foil studies together with a target chamber constructed to fulfill the demands for ion velocities in the energy range of 60–600 keV. The mean lives for singlets and multiplets of Al i through Al iii in the wavelength range 1700–5000 Å are reported. The evaluated mean lives of the 4s2S and 3d2D states in Al i agree within 10% with earlier experimental results obtained by the phase-shift method and the level-crossing technique.