jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of alloantigens during preimplantation development and early trophoblast differentiation in the mouse by immunoperoxidase labeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An immunoperoxidase-labeling technique allowing visualization of antibody binding to the cell surface at the electron microscopical level has been employed an an analysis of H-2 and non-H-2 alloantigen expression on the early mouse embryo. The presence of non-H-2 antigenic determinants has been confirmed on eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages of development. Contrary to previous reports, however, low levels of H-2 antigen have also been detected on the blastocyst. This is the earliest stage at which H-2 has been shown to be expressed on the fertilized mouse egg and may reflect the greater resolution of the immunoperoxidase technique. Using two different models to study the critical peri-implantation stages, those of experimentally induced blastocyst activation and blastocyst outgrowth in vitro, it has been demonstrated that antigen loss occurs on the trophectoderm at the time of implantation, and that this is not necessarily dependent upon maternal influence. It is suggested that the loss may be an important factor in the prevention of maternal immune rejection during the establishment of the fetal allograft. The two major components of the early postimplantation conceptus display a striking differential in antigenic status. The embryonic sac shows a high degree of peroxidase labeling, while the ectoplacental cone trophoblast is unlabeled. These findings add support to the concept of antigenic neutrality of the early trophoblast and its role in the maintenance of a normal fetomaternal immunological equilibrium.
[Three Cases of Lower Advanced Rectal Cancer Involving Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT)was administered at our hospital to 3 patients with lower advanced rectal cancer; NACRT resulted in pathological complete response(pCR). Case 1: A 65-year-old man was diagnosed with T4aN1M0, cStage Ⅲb disease; after chemoradiotherapy(CRT), the clinical stage improved to T4aN0M0, ycStage Ⅱb. Laparoscopic Hartmann's procedure and D3 lymph node dissection were performed 51 days after CRT. No recurrence was observed 31 months after surgery. Case 2: A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with T4aN2M0, cStage Ⅲb disease; after CRT, the clinical stage improved to T4aN1M0, ycStage Ⅲa. Laparoscopic abdominoperitoneal resection and D3 lymph node dissection were performed 57 days after CRT. No recurrence was observed 21 months after surgery. Case 3: An 83-year-old woman was diagnosed with T4aN2M0, cStage Ⅲb disease; after CRT, the clinical stage improved to T4aN0M0, ycStageⅡb. Laparoscopic abdominoperitoneal resection and D3 lymph node dissection were performed 64 days after CRT. No recurrence was observed 16 months after surgery. Here, we report 3 cases of lower advanced rectal cancer involving curative resection following CRT, and we provide a short literature review.
The Novel l-Hydroxy-5-oxobicyclo[6.4.0]dodecane fromRhizophora mucronata*

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new compound, l-hydroxy-5-oxobicyclo[6.4.0]dodecane has been isolated from the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata. The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic methods.
Prenatal diagnosis of unilateral pulmonary dysplasia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary hypoplasia is a rare congenital disorder; most cases occur in association with other congenital abnormalities, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, oligohydramnios, and/or skeletal deformities. The authors report a case of unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia diagnosed prenatally and confirmed at autopsy.
Study on the Relationship between Asset Condition and Safety (Part I)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Incorporating safety performance measures into asset management can assist agencies in efficiently managing their aging assets and improve system-wide safety. Previous studies have revealed the relationship between individual asset performance and safety; however, the relationship between combined measures of operational asset condition and safety performance has not been explored. Thus, in this paper, the effect of pavement marking retroreflectivity and pavement condition on safety was investigated in a multiobjective manner. Data on one-mile segments for all primary roads from 2004 to 2009 were collected from a state of the U.S. and integrated by GIS tools. An Asset Condition Index (ACI) ranging from 1 to 3 was developed for each road segment by scoring and weighting the individual components. Finally, statistical models were then developed to estimate the relationship between ACI and expected number of crashes, while controlling for exposure. Future studies will focus on developing a methodology to prioritize safety improvements on the basis of asset conditions.
Study of SCN Neurochemistry Using in Vivo Microdialysis in the Conscious Brain: Correlation with Overt Circadian Rhythms

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : We have completed the assessment of the diurnal variation in serotonergic activity in the SCN and its temporal relationship to wheel-running behavior under lightentrained (LD 14:10) and free-running (DD) conditions. First, under LD there was a marked diurnal rhythm in serotonergic activity with peak levels occurring at lightoff during the animals' initial bout of wheel- running activity. Thereafter, serotonergic activity decreased to daytime levels by the next morning, despite robusts bouts of nocturnal wheel running behavior. Also, daytime periods of activity exhibited by some individuals was not associated with increased serotonergic activity. From these results, it is hypothesized that serotonin in the SCN does not acutely trigger motor activity. Instead it appears that serotonin is involved in coordinating light-entrained activity rhythms with the LD cycle, which is consistent with the findings of other researches using lesions or pharmacological approaches. Our second original finding is that the diurnal rhythm is serotonergic activity is lost, or greatly diminished, in free-running hamsters held under DD for 3 wks. Thus, the rhythm in serotonergic activity seen under LD probably is not circadian in nature, but is passively driven by an external influence, i.e. the light-dark cycle.
The relation of pyruvic acid in brain to certain tissue poisons

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1935 The relation of pyruvic acid in brain to certain tissue poisons Rudolph Albert Peters; Rudolph Albert Peters 1The Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Håkan Rydin; Håkan Rydin 1 1The Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Robert Henry Stewart Thompson Robert Henry Stewart Thompson 2 1The Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1935) 29 (1): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0290063 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Rudolph Albert Peters, Håkan Rydin, Robert Henry Stewart Thompson; The relation of pyruvic acid in brain to certain tissue poisons. Biochem J 1 January 1935; 29 (1): 63–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0290063 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1935 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1935 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Enumeration of $\C{H}$-strata in quantum matrices with respect to dimension

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a combinatorial method to determine the dimension of $\C{H}$-strata in the algebra of $m\times n$ quantum matrices $\Oq$ as follows. To a given $\C{H}$-stratum we associate a certain permutation via the notion of pipe-dreams. We show that the dimension of the $\C{H}$-stratum is precisely the number of odd cycles in this permutation. Using this result, we are able to give closed formulas for the trivariate generating function that counts the $d$-dimensional $\C{H}$-strata in $\Oq$. Finally, we extract the coefficients of this generating function in order to settle conjectures proposed by the first and third named authors \cite{bldim,bll} regarding the asymptotic proportion of $d$-dimensional $\C{H}$-strata in $\Oq$.
Analysis of urban storm-water runoff characteristics of four basins in the Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Event-mean concentrations of eight constituents exceed selected water-quality criteria most of the time in a study of urban storm-water runoff in the Jones Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland.There are statistically significant (greater than 0.95 level) differences among three small high-density residential catchment sites (10.5 to 16.9 acres) for event-mean concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, total copper, total lead, and total zinc.There are no significant differences among the small catchment sites for total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, or total organic carbon.At a main-stem site near the mouth (59.0 mi 2 ), urban storm-water runoff contributes more than 60 percent of the total annual load of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon, more than 70 percent of chemical oxygen demand, and more than 80 percent of total suspended solids, total lead, and total zinc.Inadvertent detention storage is being provided in one of the small catchments and affects water quantity and quality.Evidence suggests that accumulated trash on the paved surfaces of the catchment may be the source of this detention.Data have been collected, verified, and entered into the U.S. Geological Survey data base for 65 station-storms sampled during 36 separate storms over a 16-month period.
Erosion dynamics in carbonate bedrock channels inhibit weathering processes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The interplay of rock weathering and erosion processes controls the erodibility of bedrock. Existing models of these processes in bedrock river channels have been developed using observations largely from silicate lithologies, neglecting the effects of the dissolution of soluble carbonate minerals. Here, we present a study of rock erodibility in two limestone bedrock channels in the North Pennines, UK. Patterns in rock erodibility were assessed using Schmidt hammer surveys conducted in 12 cross‐sections and were analysed alongside calculations of bedrock inundation interval, observations of sediment transport from bedload impact plates and long‐term estimates of limestone dissolution rates from environmental data. Results show that erosion via dissolution can result in similar patterns of rock erodibility observed in silicate channels where erosion outpaces weathering. Bedrock inundation interval is a key control on bedrock erodibility, although to a lesser degree than channels in silicate lithologies. Where the channel margin is not regularly inundated by flow, weathering processes which weaken the rock are still present but may be locally offset by dissolution driven by soil seepage of low pH runoff which erodes weathered material. Furthermore, we do not always observe the expected impacts of weathering and erosion on channel geometry, with channel geometry seemingly more sensitive to the availability of abrasive tools (sediment supply). Long‐term estimates of abrasion and dissolution rate are broadly equivalent at our study site further demonstrating the effectiveness of dissolution at eroding carbonate lithologies, although further work is needed to isolate feedback between these two variables. Future studies of bedrock incision processes in carbonate landscapes should re‐evaluate how mechanical erosion and dissolution are represented, and how sensitive the balance of these processes is to potential changes in inundation frequency and climate.
Nitric oxide regulates cfos expression in nucleus tractus solitarii induced by baroreceptor activation via cGMPdependent protein kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Activation of the arterial baroreceptors induces expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the terminal site of baroreceptor afferents in the medulla ob-longata. This induced expression is an intracellular event that is crucial to long-term maintenance of stable blood pressure. Using Sprague-Dawley rats maintained under propofol anes-thesia, we evaluated the role and delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) in this process. Baroreceptor activation induced by 30 min of sustained hyper-tension significantly and sequentially increased the level of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG-I), phosphory-lated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), c-fos mRNA, and Fos protein in the NTS. All of these up-regulated expressions were significantly attenuated in animals
High frequency of functional cognitive decline among patients with low education

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Functional cognitive decline (FCD) has been increasingly described as a blind spot of dementia care. Psychological distress, affective symptoms and disturbed self‐perception comprehend the most common causes of FCD. Herein, we aim to identify the frequency of FCD in a tertiary memory clinic from a very low education setting. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify new referrals to our tertiary memory clinic (Porto Alegre, southern Brazil) over a 6‐year period (2014 ‐ 2020). All individuals referred from the primary care setting of the public health system in this time period were included in this analysis. Patients underwent a diagnostic protocol including neurologic evaluation, cognitive screening, neuroimaging (CT or MRI) and laboratory testing. FCD was defined as patients with cognitive complaints/objective cognitive decline associated with psychological distress and affective symptoms, without evidence of underlying neurodegenerative disease. Data is shown in median [interquartile range]. Result A total of 474 patients (287 females, median age 72 [65‐78]) with a median of 5 [0‐10] years of education were referred to our memory clinic within the period from 2014 to 2020. FCD was the second more frequent final diagnosis (95, 19.8%), only behind of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (106, 22.4%); other diagnosis were less frequent: Mild Cognitive Impairment (49, 10.3%), Subjective Cognitive Decline (35, 7.4%), Vascular dementia (34, 7.2%), Mixed‐type dementia (24, 5.1%), behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia (5, 1.1%), and other types (36, 7.6%). Patients with FCD were younger (69 [63‐75] vs. 74 [67‐78], p<0.001), and showed higher Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15) than non‐FCD individuals (9 [5‐12] vs. 5 [2‐8], p<0.001). The education level did not differ (p>0.05). Conclusion Functional Cognitive Decline was the second most frequent diagnosis among patients with very low education in a tertiary memory clinic. FCD individuals were younger, showed increased depressive symptoms than non‐FCD patients. Taken altogether with Subjective Cognitive Decline, functional disorders account for the majority of consultations referred to this tertiary setting. Public health strategies including the primary care setting may greatly improve early diagnosis and treatment to these patients.
Development of a topical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) formulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potent polyphenoclic antioxidant extracted from green tea. Due to its antimutagenic and antitumor activities it is a promising candidate for use in topical formulations for skin cancer prevention. The overall objective of this dissertation was to develop a formulation suitable for the topical delivery of (EGCG). A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed to evaluate the possible degradation of EGCG from the various solvents used to incorporate it into topical formulations in the preformulation studies. This method was validated to establish linearity, precision, and accuracy and also was successfully applied to determine the stability of the finished formulations. First, the stability of EGCG in 0.05 M aqueous buffers in the pH range 3-9 was evaluated. The results indicated that the degradation of EGCG in aqueous media is strongly dependent on its storage conditions. EGCG exhibited its highest stability at low pH and 4°C. Stability studies of EGCG in organic solvents indicated that the degradation of EGCG can be reduced significantly. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of EDTA and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) resulted in an even greater stability of EGCG. Next, different types of polymers were investigated for their ability to form non-aqueous gels with glycerin, the solvent found most suitable for enhancing EGCG's stability. Methacrylic acid derivatives (Carbopols RTM) were found to be the most efficacious gelling agents. Carbopol RTM 974, best known for its mucoadhesive properties, was found to produce the highest viscosity. In the last phase of the study EGCG was incorporated into the anhydrous formulations. The in vitro release characteristics were then evaluated using a Franz-type diffusion cell system. The results indicated that the release of EGCG obeys the Higuchi equation. Furthermore, it was found that a stable EGCG formulation in glycerin can be developed.
A Simple Spike Train Decoder Inspired by the Sampling Theorem

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reconstructing a time-varying stimulus estimate from a spike train (Bialek's “decoding” of a spike train) has become an important way to study neural information processing. In this paper, we describe a simple method for reconstructing a time-varying current injection signal from the simulated spike train it produces. This technique extracts most of the information from the spike train, provided that the input signal is appropriately matched to the spike generator. To conceptualize this matching, we consider spikes as instantaneous “samples” of the somatic current. The Sampling Theorem is then applicable, and it suggests that the bandwidth of the injected signal not exceed half the spike generator's average firing rate. The average firing rate, in turn, depends on the amplitude range and DC bias of the injected signal. We hypothesize that nature faces similar problems and constraints when transmitting a time-varying waveform from the soma of one neuron to the dendrite of the postsynaptic cell.
P4‐281: DOES ACQUISITION TIME AFFECT THE RESULTS OF 18F‐FLORBETABEN IMAGING?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

18F-Florbetaben is a PET radioligand approved for determining binary amyloid status. An acquisition period of 90–110 minutes post-injection provides high contrast as pseudo-equilibrium is achieved. In the US, clinical scans may be acquired for 15–20 minutes beginning anytime 45–130 minutes post injection. We sought to determine if acquisition time affects scan interpretation. Twenty-four subjects were studied (age= 66.5 ± 8.85 years), including 21 patients meeting clinical criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's disease (MMSE 24.4 ± 4.7) and 3 cognitive controls. 18F-Florbetaben images were acquired 50–110 min post-injection in 5-min frames. Images were binned into 50–70 and 90–110 min scans and visually read as positive or negative by three trained readers blind to cognitive status and time window. We determined agreement among the 3 readers (inter-reader agreement) and agreement between 50–70 and 90–110 min scan reads (intra-reader agreement). Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated, using cerebellar gray matter as reference, for both 50–70 and 90–110 min image data. High agreement was found between majority read results and SUVR for both imaging windows. SUVRs from 50–70 min scans correlated with those from 90–110 scans (r = 0.987, p<0.0001). SUVRs were significantly greater in visually positive than in visually negative scans for both time windows (p<0.005). SUVRs were still increasing at 50–70 min but became near-constant after 90 min (Fig. 1). Inter-reader agreement was greater for 50–70 min than for 90–110 min scans (Fleiss Kappa= 0.808 vs. 0.547). Regarding intra-reader agreement, 6 of 8 discrepant cases between 50–70 and 90–110 min scans were generated by onereader, who had extensive prior experience reading 50–70 min time window. For 6 subjects, CSF or tau PET data were available and supported the positive 50–70 min read, consistent with the assessment of the other readers and SUVR findings.
Microplastic Contamination in Table Salt: A Study of Consumer Behavior in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Plastic particles resulting from the breakdown of bigger plastics may be introduced directly as micro- and nano-sized particles polluting the marine ecosystem, including ocean-extracted table salt. This study investigated the presence of microplastic (MP)-like particles in table salt from Bangladesh, focusing on both locally refined and commercially branded varieties. Local salt samples from Sadar and Moheshkhali Sub-district of Cox’s Bazar contained an average of 23.4 and 12 particles kg-1, respectively. In contrast, no particles were detected in commercial brands, likely due to their complex refining processes. The study also explored factors influencing local salt consumption, finding it influenced by the economy, availability, education level, occupation, income level, and misperceptions about local salt's health benefits compared to commercial brands. Interestingly, the study found that 71% of local salt consumers believed it to be more beneficial than branded salt, while education level influenced salt preference, with 83% of graduate and 53% of primary-educated individuals opting for commercial brands. These findings provide a valuable foundation for further research on MP exposure in different consumer groups, highlighting the need to investigate potential health risks and inform policy decisions regarding MP contamination in table salt in Bangladesh.