jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND CHARACTER EVOLUTION OF DIDYMOCARPUS (GESNERIACEAE) IN THAILAND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Until recently the genus Didymocarpus Wall. (Gesneriaceae) was used in an unwarrantably wide sense and included more than 180 species. It has now been remodelled and restricted to around 70 species. Of these, 18 species and one variety are known to occur in Thailand. To clarify the relationships among Thai species of Didymocarpus we sequenced the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) from a sample of 23 taxa, including 15 from Thailand, four from China, three from Malaysia and one from Bhutan. Seventeen morphological characters were coded for all 23 taxa and optimized onto a retention index (RI) reweighted maximum parsimony (MP) tree. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that Didymocarpus taxa formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade, with several supported subclades. The combination of molecular phylogeny and optimization of morphological characters suggests the presence of three distinct groups: the first, corresponding to Didymocarpus sect. Elati Ridl., includes plants with tall stems, yellow or white flowers and one-celled conoid or two-celled headed pigment glands; the other two groups, which represent Didymocarpus sect. Didymocarpus, both contain plants with dwarfed stems and violet or purple flowers, but are distinguished by the presence of both four-celled conoid or onecelled globose glands in one, and the absence in the other. Optimization of geographical locality onto the phylogeny led us to propose the hypothesis that, based on this sample, the geographical origin of Didymocarpus is the Malay Peninsula, and the ancestral corolla colour is white/yellow. Subsequent dispersal northward through southern and northern Thailand to China and Bhutan was accompanied by the evolution of a purple/violet corolla colour.
Studies on chemistry and immuno-modulating mechanism of a glycoconjugate from lycium barbarum L.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The detailed structure of an O-glycan derived from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Was elucidatd based on glycosidic linkange analysis, complete and partial acid hydrolysis, ~1H-NMR and ~13C NMR spectroscopy. According to the experiments, the carbohydrate was in the form of polysacchride (arabinogalactan) chains with highly branched 3,4--galactans and terminal arabinfuranosyl substituents. The immuno-modulating mechanism of glycoconjugate and its glycan were investiganted using tritium thymidine incorporation assay, flow cytometry assay and electrophoretical mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results suggested that the immunoactive compounents of the fruit of lycium barbarum L.could enhance the splenocyte proliferation in normal mice and the effects of glycan chain were stronger than those of glycoconjugate. The target cell was most likely to be B-lymphocyte, on which existed receptor binding site acting with the glycan. In addition, the immuno-stimulatory effect of glycoconjugate (LbGp4) and its glycan (LbGp4-OL)was associated with activating the expression of nuclear factor kB(NF-kB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1)
Case study—Experiencing sound

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A major issue in general, and for early music in particular, is the risk of approximation or generalisation. The ubiquity of high-standard domestic visual technology presents challenges for musicologists wishing to use digital technology in academic research. The Musi2R programme, crucially, does not focus on a single place, but on a series of geographically and temporally distinct sites that are linked by their royal and musical functions. The research programme aimed to study music's function in the daily life of the French court during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the musicians' gallery at Fontainebleau, the musical arrangements match these observations. The organ, singers, and players are placed in front of the rounded wall, each facing an open window. The articulation of content is not hierarchical, but the constituent steps are interactive, in the sense that the user builds their experience autonomously and independently.
The uses of authenticity: “Speaking from experience” in a U.K. election broadcast

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Authentic talk is treated as displaying features of spontaneous, unrehearsed discourse close in character to Goffman 's (1981) description of "fresh talk." In the broadcast context it has become associated with eye‐witness accounts and the rendering of firsthand experiences (see Scannell, 2001): the evident lack of a script provides a guarantee of authenticity. This article examines how features of authentic talk can be deployed in political broadcasting by analysing a Party Election broadcast from the U.K. Conservative Party where the message is conveyed as if through the experience of ordinary people.
On the parameterisation of mesoscale convective systems in regional climate models over Southern Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) are organized groups of thunderstorms that range in horizontal dimension from 5-500 km and typically possess lifetimes of 6-24 hours. Vertical motions within MCSs could be as significant as horizontal motions. These updraughts and downdraughts impact heavily on local rainfall, wind, lightning and other forms of severe weather. However, their limited lateral extent and timescale do not often make them evident on synoptic charts. These also keep them at sub-grid levels in most climate models. It seems therefore that a realistic understanding of MCSs lies in the correct formulation of the physics and dynamics associated with them. This is more so in tropical Africa where more than seventy per cent of precipitation is associated with MCSs. These dynamics are examined with a linearised inviscid form of the hydrodynamical equations, solved in shear with the aid of a two-layer model of the atmosphere, which is consistent with the synoptic situation over tropical Africa. Results over tropical Africa confirm the existence, among others, of: a westward-propagating perturbation of wavelength 100 km, phase speed of 7.7 m s-1, period of 3.6 and an amplification of 1.8 per hour (which has been shown by Adedoyin(1989) to trigger the dominant MCS in tropical Africa namely, line squalls) and a wave-like disturbance which has a phase speed of 6.0 ms-1 in the East-West direction, a wavelength of 2000 km, a period of 3.49 days and growth rate of 3.6 per hour at 500 hPa, which axis Mphale(1999) has shown to be influenced by the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (a study of the ECMWF analyses of vertical velocity at 400 hPa during a period of convective activities over Botswana, Southern Africa, (15-21 February 1995) confirmed the existence of this wave pattern. These perturbations have direct bearing on tropical Africa MCSs, and the development of mesoscale models based on them, as done by Abiodun(2003), is envisaged to improve current parameterisation schemes in regional climate models. Classification of precipitation as either stratiform or convective in climate models is examined against the backdrop of the model. In the case of convective classification, the model is shown to be useful in informing the choice of its representation in any of the following approaches: traditional, explicit or hybrid.
Theoretical perspectives of the HCD integration in software development process

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

HCD is an approach that covers all of the human aspects including aesthetic and ergonomics, which will provide a better approach in strengthening the HCI approaches to strengthen the software development process. Lack of guidelines to guide the software practitioners to adopt the HCD in software development process become the main concern in this study. Among the problems that faced by the organizations that have adopted HCD, including problem of managing the resources such as human, financial and infrastructure. Therefore, this study used a theoretical lens to get a better understanding of HCD integration form management perspective, namely operational, tactical (management) and strategy perspective in software development process. Furthermore, the HCDP model is employed in this study because it covers the HCD activities from the project planning stage to the implementation stage of the software development process and it emphasizes on the larger scope of human factors and require broader skills in software development process. As a result, a conceptual model of HCD integration has been developed which emphasizes on the importance of managing the resources and long term strategic planning for the organization. This is due to long term strategic planning and managing organization resources appropriately will contribute to the success of the organization which will increase organizational performance.
Implikasi Signalling Theory atas Pengumuman Pembagian Dividend Cuts terhadap Reaksi Pasar

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There were so many dicussions about how divident can influence value of a firm that have to be considered. Many studies approved that divident announcement can cause security buying rise fastly, but there is reducing in security selling. The amount of divident sometimes apreciated by investor as a signal. The problem is: Is the divident-cuts announcement always apreciated by investors as a bad news, so their reaction is bad? Actually, market (investors) didn’t always react negatively agains divident-cuts announcement, and didn’t always apreciate it as a bad-signal. Market could see another information content behind the bottom line of divident-cuts announcement. Market did’t see information content from bottom line information only, but also from another information content that cause firm made a divident-cut policy.
Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Nermuť, Jiří, Půža, Vladimír, Mekete, Tesfamariam, Mráček, Zdeněk (2016): Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic. Zootaxa 4179 (3): 530-546, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.8
Study on Continuous Frequency Tuning of Narrowband Multiwavelength Spectrum Using Successive Combination of Quarter-Wave Retarders of Optical Fiber Comb Filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose an optical fiber comb filter based on a polarization-diversity loop structure, which can continuously adjust the narrowband multiwavelength spectrum. The proposed comb filter consists of a polarization beam splitter(PBS), a successive combination of quarter-wave retarders(QWRs), a set of a half-wave retarder and a QWR, and two polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF) segments of equal length. For the convenient adjustment of the narrowband multiwavelength spectrum, the successive combination of QWRs was located between the PBS and the first PMF segment. The transmittance function of the proposed filter was theoretically derived using the Jones calculus. Based on the filter transmittance, we theoretically predicted the orientation angle sets of four wave retarders, which allow the extra phase difference φ of the transmittance function to vary from 0˚ to 315˚ with increments of 45˚. Then, the proposed filter successfully demonstrated the predicted results by obtaining ∼0.0915 ㎚ average wavelength shift and a high linearity of 0.99878.
Studies on the Foaming Property of the Chicken Egg White

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The egg white was treated under various whipping conditions, and its foaminess measured. At the same time, the amounts of the coagulated proteins formed from each egg white and their constituent hexose were measured. From these results, discussions were made about the relation between the foaminess of the egg white and the amount of the coagulated proteins under various whipping conditions.
Comparative analysis of taxol‐derived fluorescent probes to assess microtubule networks in a complex live three‐dimensional tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Drosophila oogenesis is an excellent in vivo model for investigating cytoskeletal dynamics because of the rapid cytoskeletal remodeling that occurs at the end of stage 10; however, there are few robust tools for detecting microtubules in live complex tissues. The recent development of membrane permeable taxol‐based fluorescent probes to label microtubules is significant technical progress, but the effectiveness of these probes and the potential stabilizing effects of the taxol derivative have not been well characterized in vivo. Here, we compared three commercially available taxol‐derived microtubule labels to determine their efficacy and potential artifacts. We found that all three probes labeled microtubules with differences in permeability, brightness, and signal to noise ratio. Like taxol, however, all of the probes disrupted the F‐actin cytoskeleton at higher concentrations. We also found that the efflux pump inhibitor, verapamil, increased the intensity of the label and modestly increased the severity of the F‐actin defects. Of the three probes, Tubulin Tracker (ThermoScientific) was the most permeable and was brightest, with the highest signal to noise ratio. Furthermore, washing out the probe after a 30‐min incubation significantly reduced the F‐actin artifacts without compromising signal brightness.
Dual current control strategy to fulfill LVRT requirements in WECS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a control strategy to fulfill low-voltage ride through (LVRT) requirements in wind energy conversion system (WECS). Design/methodology/approach – This paper considers an active front-end converter of a grid connected WECS working under grid fault conditions. Two strategies based on symmetrical components are studied and proposed: the first one considers control only for positive sequence control (PSC); the second one considered a dual controller for positive and negative sequence controller (PNSC). The performance of each strategy is studied on LVRT requirements fulfillment. Findings – This paper shows presents a control strategy based on symmetrical component to keep the operation of grid-connected WECS under unsymmetrical grid fault conditions. Research limitations/implications – This work is being applied to a 2 kVA laboratory prototype. The lab prototype emulates a grid connected WECS. Originality/value – This paper validate the PNSC strategy to LVRT requirements fulfillment by experimental results obtained for a 2 kVA laboratory prototype. PNSC strategy allows constant active power delivery through grid-voltage dips. In addition, the proposed strategy is able to grid-voltage support by injection of reactive power. Additional features are incorporated to PNSC: sequence separation method using delay signal cancellation and grid frequency identification using phase locked loop.
Cells of the cellular immune and hemopoietic system of the mouse lack lamins A/C: distinction Versus other somatic cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Almost all somatic cells in adult murine tissues express all three nuclear lamins (A, B, C). Here we demonstrate that cells of the hemopoietic system of the adult mouse are an exception in that they express only lamin B. Thus T and B lymphocytes as well as granulocytes and monocytic cells directly isolated from spleen, thymus, blood or bone marrow do not express lamin A/C but only lamin B. In agreement with this observation the murine hemopoietic cell lines EL4, BW5147, HK22, 70Z/3, SP2/0 and PAI express only lamin B. In immunoblotting experiments used to confirm the immunofluorescence data no lamin A/C expression was detected. However, we noticed that murine lamin B occurs in two isoforms, which can be distinguished immunologically. These results reinforce the idea that a functional nuclear lamina can be formed from lamin B alone. They also pose the question of whether cells lacking lamin A/C are more plastic in their developmental programs than those that express all three lamins.
Quantifying Efficiency Loss of Perovskite Solar Cells by a Modified Detailed Balance Model

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A modified detailed balance model is built to understand and quantify efficiency loss of perovskite solar cells. The modified model captures the light‐absorption‐dependent short‐circuit current, contact and transport‐layer‐modified carrier transport, as well as recombination and photon‐recycling‐influenced open‐circuit voltage. The theoretical and experimental results show that for experimentally optimized perovskite solar cells with the power conversion efficiency of 19%, optical loss of 25%, nonradiative recombination loss of 35%, and ohmic loss of 35% are the three dominant loss factors for approaching the 31% efficiency limit of perovskite solar cells. It is also found that the optical loss climbs up to 40% for a thin‐active‐layer design. Moreover, a misconfigured transport layer introduces above 15% of energy loss. Finally, the perovskite‐interface‐induced surface recombination, ohmic loss, and current leakage should be further reduced to upgrade device efficiency and eliminate hysteresis effect. This work contributes to fundamental understanding of device physics of perovskite solar cells. The developed model offers a systematic design and analysis tool to photovoltaic science and technology.
C-30 Geologic Atlas of Wright County, Minnesota [Part A]

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Plate 1, Data Base, Plate 2, Bedrock geology, Plate 3, Surficial geology, Plate 4 Quaternary stratigraphy, Plate 5 Sand distribution models, Plate 6 Bedrock topography and depth-to-bedrock, Scale 1:100,000. Additional data added 2015, raster data sets of the elevation of the top and bottom, and the thickness of bedrock units in Wright County.
Factors Influencing the Extent and Quality of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Indonesian Shari’ah Compliant Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to assess the extent and quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure practices of Shari’ah Compliant Companies (ShCCs) in Indonesia. Further, the study examines the factors influencing the extent and quality of CSR disclosure of ShCCs in Indonesia. A checklist comprising of 33 items was constructed to measure the extent and quality of disclosure. Using data from the year 2014 annual reports of 100 ShCCs in Indonesia, the results showed that the extent and quality of CSR disclosure among ShCCs in Indonesia were low with more than half of the sample companies scored less than 50% for extent of disclosure and all sample companies scored less than 50% for quality of disclosure. The multiple regression analysis revealed that award and leverage had an impact on the extent and quality of CSR disclosure. The findings indicate the need for improvement in the disclosure practice in annual reports of ShCCs. The relevant regulatory authority may issue guidelines and monitor companies’ compliance to the guidelines to assist companies in enhancing CSR disclosure. Continuous and concerted efforts by the regulatory authority and ShCCs are necessary to ensure achievement of social transparency and accountability. This in turn may propel the development of Islamic capital market to the next level.
Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth treated with a regenerative endodontic protocol

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after treatment with regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) using tricalcium silicate cements (TSCs) as cervical plugs. Bovine incisors were sectioned to standard crown/root ratio. Pulp tissue was removed and canals were enlarged to a standardized diameter. Teeth were then treated with a REP protocol consisting of NaOCl and EDTA irrigation, intracanal medication with triple-antibiotic paste for 14 days followed by a TSC cervical seal and composite restoration. Teeth were divided into groups according to the material used; Mineral-Trioxide-Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, TotalFill. Teeth filled with guttapercha (GP) and intact teeth served as controls. All teeth subjected to an increasing compressive force (rate of 0.05 mm/s at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth) until fracture. All treated teeth exhibited significantly lower resistance to fracture compared to the intact teeth but no difference was found between the TSC groups (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's multiple comparison, p < .05). TSCs applied at the cervical area of simulated immature teeth treated with REP did not reinforce fracture resistance.
A test for the assessment of the duration of the action of neostigmine and of the relative potencies of various anticholinesterases using the pupil of the mouse

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The miotic effect of anticholinesterases was used to monitor the duration of their activity and to compare the relative potency of different members of this group. Female albino mice were used and the diameter of their pupils measured with the help of a monocular microscope at a magnification of × 60. After a suitable control period, readings were taken at 30 min intervals. This test was found to be superior to previous tests described for the same purpose.
Amino acid requirement for the growth-hormone stimulation of incorporation of precursors into protein and nucleic acids of liver slices

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. Incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein in rat liver slices, incubated in vitro, increased as the concentration of unlabelled amino acids in the incubation medium was raised. A plateau of incorporation was reached when the amino acid concentration was 6 times that present in rat plasma. Labelling of RNA by [3H]orotic acid was not stimulated by increased amino acid concentration in the incubation medium. 2. When amino acids were absent from the medium, or present at the normal plasma concentrations, no effect of added growth hormone on labelling of protein or RNA by precursor was observed. 3. When amino acids were present in the medium at 6 times the normal plasma concentrations addition of growth hormone stimulated incorporation of the appropriate labelled precursor into protein of liver slices from normal rats by 31%, and into RNA by 22%. A significant effect was seen at a hormone concentration as low as 10ng/ml. 4. Under the same conditions addition of growth hormone also stimulated protein labelling in liver slices from hypophysectomized rats. Tissue from hypophysectomized rats previously treated with growth hormone did not respond to growth hormone in vitro. 5. No effect of the hormone on the rate or extent of uptake of radioactive precursors into acid-soluble pools was found. 6. Cycloheximide completely abolished the hormone-induced increment in labelling of both RNA and protein. 7. It was concluded that, in the presence of an abundant amino acid supply, growth hormone can stimulate the synthesis of protein in rat liver slices by a mechanism that is more sensitive to cycloheximide than is the basal protein synthesis. The stimulation of RNA labelling observed in the presence of growth hormone may be a secondary consequence of the hormonal effect on protein synthesis. 8. The mechanism of action of growth hormone on liver protein synthesis in vitro was concluded to be similar to its mechanism of action in vivo.