jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Factor in Uterine Sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment, known to be influenced by inflammatory cells, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and clinical outcome of patients. The objective of the present study was to investigate prognostic values of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of uterine sarcoma patients. Methods: Ninety-nine patients with uterine sarcoma treated in eight multicenter institutions over the last 20 years were retrospectively analyzed. Curves of DFS and OS were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate and multivariate analyses of various prognostic factors were performed using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: High NLR was significantly associated with worse DFS (p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.039). Advanced stage (p = 0.017) and high mitotic index (p = 0.036) retained their prognostic significance for DFS. Other clinical variables, including PLR, CA125, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) failed to show significant impact. Conclusions: Our findings showed that an elevated preoperative NLR was associated with poor clinical outcome in uterine sarcoma patients. Our results suggest that high NLR in early-stage uterine sarcoma patients might indicate that such patients need more intensive treatments.
Comparative Evaluation of Simple Indices Using a Single Fasting Blood Sample to Estimate Beta Cell Function after Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Precise, yet logistically feasible evaluation of beta-cell function is extremely important after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT). We investigated the utility and possible limitations of indices using only a single fasting blood glucose and C-peptide levels: The Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO), transplant estimated function (TEF), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)2-B%, C-peptide/glucose ratio (CP/G), C-peptide/glucose creatinine ratio (CP/GCr) and BETA-2 score as we did it previously for islet allografts. Methods Laboratory values from clinical evaluations in patients submitted to TP-IAT were analyzed at different times post TP-IAT. The six surrogate indices were compared against 90-min serum glucose and peak glucose in mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT), beta-score and a modified version of the Igls score which we propose for the assessment of islet function in the setting of IAT. Accurate estimates of the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were obtained to see which tool would best predict insulin independence. Results We analyzed values from 32 MMTTs in 15 patients after TP-IAT due to chronic pancreatitis and intractable pain (8 women and 7 men). Mean age was 39 ± 12.8 years and follow up 3 years. Four (27%) patients stopped insulin completely prior to day 75, maintaining A1c of 5.8% (5.2-6.3). Seven of 13 patients (54%) did not require insulin support at 1 year with A1c 6.0% (5.5-6.8). The remaining 6 patients were taking insulin with A1c 6.7% (5.5-8.4). All 3 patients who completed 2-year follow-up are currently off insulin with A1c of 5.8%. SUITO, CP/G, TEF and BETA-2 were well correlated with MMTT 90-min and peak glucose and beta-score (r in the range 0.5–0.72), whereas CP/GCr and HOMA-2B showed a modest performance (r = 0.3). Upon ROC analysis all surrogate indices reliably identified insulin independence and optimal/good vs. marginal islet function in modified Igls score, while BETA-2 and TEF showed the best performance with AUROC 0.85-0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.7-1.0, p<0.001). BETA-2 ≥ 9.11 differentiated between good and marginal islet function according to our modification of Igls score for IAT. BETA-2 ≥ 16.45 detected insulin independence. This value was higher than previously reported for alloislets transplant recipients. Conclusions Using a single fasting blood sample, SUITO, CP/G, TEF and BETA-2 scores offer a simple and valid alternative tool allowing frequent assessments of graft function in patients undergoing TP-IAT.
Chronic Distress and Regional Economic Resilience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter two turns to a similar set of questions with regard to chronic economic distress: why do some regions face chronic economic distress while others do not, and why are some chronically-distressed regions resilient in that they are able to emerge from chronic distress? We define chronic economic distress and resilience in terms of regeneration and recovery. For the period 1978 to 2007, we provide quantitative descriptions and analyses of chronic regional economic distress and its determinants, causes, and consequences.
Achieving More Efficient Removal of α-Emitting Radionuclides from the Primary Coolant in Propulsion Reactors

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The processes through which the α-emitting radionuclides contained in the primary circuit of a propulsion reactor are transferred in the circuit and removed from it in the standard ion-exchange filters are studied. The correlation between the behavior of transuranium elements and iron-containing corrosion product compounds in the primary circuit is considered. During reactor operation at steady power levels, α-emitting radionuclides reside, like iron compounds, predominantly in deposits on the circuit equipment surfaces. When hydrodynamic disturbances occur, these deposits transfer into coolant in the form of insoluble particles, thus intensifying the transfer of α-emitting radionuclides over the circuit. It has experimentally been found that the average deposition time of particles containing α-emitting radionuclides is larger than that of iron-containing particles (their deposition constants are equal to 0.6 h–1 and 0.9 h–1, respectively). This fact gives grounds to suppose that α-emitting radionuclides are nonuniformly distributed in corrosion product deposits and transfer into the coolant predominantly in the composition of particles having a smaller mean radius than that of iron-containing particles. As a result, the reactor’s standard ion-exchange filters show a relatively poor purification efficiency of α-emitting radionuclides (the purification constant is approximately 0.1 h–1 vs. 0.2 h–1 for corrosion product particles as a whole). The metering of hydrazine into the coolant results in that the repeated deposition rate of particles containing α-emitting radionuclides decreases by a factor of seven, due to which up to half of α-emitting radionuclides transferred into the coolant under the effect of hydrodynamic disturbance can be removed from it in the filters.
FIGURE 4 from Role of Gut Microbiome in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Prospective Cohort Evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Analysis of SCFA concentrations in relation to chemotherapy response. Top: Mean SCFA concentrations in plasma and stool of patients with bladder cancer categorized by NAC response status (CR vs. NR), showing no significant differences. Bottom: Correlation matrices between SCFA levels and bacterial genera in plasma and stool, with the strongest positive and negative correlations marked, indicating the metabolic interactions within the GM in the context of cancer therapy response.</p>
FissureNet: A Deep Learning Approach For Pulmonary Fissure Detection in CT Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pulmonary fissure detection in computed tomography (CT) is a critical component for automatic lobar segmentation. The majority of fissure detection methods use feature descriptors that are hand-crafted, low-level, and have local spatial extent. The design of such feature detectors is typically targeted toward normal fissure anatomy, yielding low sensitivity to weak, and abnormal fissures that are common in clinical data sets. Furthermore, local features commonly suffer from low specificity, as the complex textures in the lung can be indistinguishable from the fissure when the global context is not considered. We propose a supervised discriminative learning framework for simultaneous feature extraction and classification. The proposed framework, called FissureNet, is a coarse-to-fine cascade of two convolutional neural networks. The coarse-to-fine strategy alleviates the challenges associated with training a network to segment a thin structure that represents a small fraction of the image voxels. FissureNet was evaluated on a cohort of 3706 subjects with inspiration and expiration 3DCT scans from the COPDGene clinical trial and a cohort of 20 subjects with 4DCT scans from a lung cancer clinical trial. On both data sets, FissureNet showed superior performance compared with a deep learning approach using the U-Net architecture and a Hessian-based fissure detection method in terms of area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC). The overall PR-AUC for FissureNet, U-Net, and Hessian on the COPDGene (lung cancer) data set was 0.980 (0.966), 0.963 (0.937), and 0.158 (0.182), respectively. On a subset of 30 COPDGene scans, FissureNet was compared with a recently proposed advanced fissure detection method called derivative of sticks (DoS) and showed superior performance with a PR-AUC of 0.991 compared with 0.668 for DoS.
Manometric Placement of BRAVO Capsule and Its Impact on Day to Day Discrepancy in Measurement of Esophageal Acid Exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The wireless pH monitoring system (Bravo Capsule) is better tolerated and allows longer period of recording (48 hours) in patients evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux disease. The problem is that significant day to day discrepancy in measurement of acid exposure occurs. This variation is thought to be due to the sedation used during the endoscopic placement of the capsule. An alternative is placing the capsule transnasally based on motility measurements of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES). We decided to assess if such a policy affects day to day discrepancy and if so, did the variability depend on the status of the gastroesophageal barrier. Methods: Study population consisted of 310 patients who had Bravo capsule placed transnasally based on manometric measurements of the LES. Based on composite score patients were divided in 3 groups: both days abnormal, both days normal and those with score discrepancy between first and second day. LES characteristic were compared in these groups. In addition, in the group with discrepancy the response of LES to a test meal was studied by calculating a post/pre prandial acid exposure ratio. Results: Of the 310 patients evaluated 60 (19%) had a discrepancy in score between the two days, 127 had a normal score and 123 an abnormal score on both days. Of the 60 patients with discrepancy, 27 were abnormal the first day and 33 were abnormal the second day. Patients with abnormal esophageal acid exposure on both days tend to have more defective LES compared to those with abnormal score only in one day. (33.3%, 51.2%, P= 0.027). Sphincter characteristic comparison for all 3 groups is shown (Table). In the 28 patients with discrepancy a test meal was given. Ten patients (36%) had an abnormal post/pre prandial acid exposure ratio on the normal day.TableConclusion: Manometric placement of Bravo capsule results in less discrepant pH recording between first and second 24 hours compared to previously reported placement via endoscopy. Patients with abnormal pH on both days tend to have a greater prevalence of defective valve than those with abnormal score on one day. This variability between the 2 days may represent impairment of gastroesophageal barrier in patients with early reflux disease.
Characteristics Of A Local Health Department Associated With The Use Of The Health Equity Index

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Local health departments are tasked with understanding and addressing health inequities in the populations they serve. To meaningfully address health inequities, local health departments have identified the need for credible local data to better understand the relationship between community conditions and health outcomes. Yet, when given access to these data, we observe a very large variation in the level of interest between local health departments. In this study, we offered Connecticut’s Local health departments access to the Health Equity Index, a web based tool that provides data on health outcomes and community conditions at the state, municipal or neighborhood levels. Their usage of the Index was then monitored. We compared participation in the study as well as usage levels of the Index to characteristics of individual health directors, the health departments they lead and the populations that they serve. Those health directors who chose to participate in the study and gain access to the index were more likely to lead departments or districts with economically disadvantaged and racially and ethnically diverse populations. They were also more likely to be supported by a board of directors. Usage level of the Index was best predicted by the length of service of the health director and the percentage of MPH on staff. This study was limited by a small study size, with directors of health given the role of gate-keeper to the Index for their departments. Future studies should investigate Index usage by local health departments without this restriction.
Copyrightability of Recombinant DNA Sequences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The recent emergence and rapid growth of biotechnology as a commercial industry has raised serious questions concerning the role of patent law as the industry's dominant form of intellectual property protection. Several commentators, drawing on an analogy to computer software protection, have suggested copyright law as an alternative method of protecting recombinant DNA innovation. This article reviews these arguments in light of recent court decisions and scholarly commentary concerning copyright of computer software. The article argues that copyright law is not sacrosanct, but rather represents a particular scope of proprietary interests that may be used to accommodate the needs of new technologies such as biotechnology. The article asserts, however, that the decision to apply copyright protection to such a technology should be based on policy rather than on analogy. The article reviews the basic characteristics of both the science of molecular biology and of the biotechnology industry, and, by contrasting these characteristics to those of the software industry, concludes that, as a matter of policy, copyright is not the most appropriate form of intellectual property protection for biotechnology.
The buffering effects of virtual coaching during crisis: A quasi-experimental study of changes in well-being, work, and social outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examined the buffering effects of virtual coaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a pre-post quasi-experimental design, we compared change in well-being, social behaviour, and work outcomes for coached and non-coached samples (n = 1,005). We found that post-COVID outcomes were generally more positive for those who received coaching: they experienced positive gains in optimism, life satisfaction, authenticity, and productivity while those who did not receive coaching experienced a decline in those outcomes. Further, those who received coaching experienced larger growth in resilience and social connection. Changes in work engagement did not differ by group.
The Impact of M-Health on the Self-Management of Diabetes: A Preliminary Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Apart from drug control, diabetes management should pay more attention to how lifestyle and daily routine affect blood sugar. This study aimed to explore the impact of m-health programme using a minimal psychological intervention on diabetes patients' knowledge, behavioural, and psychological health. A pretest-posttest single-group pre-experimental study was undertaken with 30 individuals to recruit patients with diabetes. A total of 22 participants completed the 10-week online programme. The pretest-posttest results demonstrated the differences in health behaviour, including foot care, diet control, and exercise. The adoption of m-health that changed and improved patient's self-care; however, the acceptance of using m-health remains a challenge for public dissemination.
Metal ion promoted elimination reactions. Conversion of .beta.-hydroxy .alpha.-amino acids to .alpha.-imino acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal ion promoted elimination reactions. Conversion of .beta.-hydroxy .alpha.-amino acids to .alpha.-imino acidsE. K. Chong, J. MacB. Harrowfield, W. G. Jackson, Alan M. Sargeson, and J. SpringborgCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7, 2015–2022Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00293a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00293a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Central station power for mines

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The paper is devoted chiefly to a historical sketch of the West Perm system in regard to its electrical service in connection with coal mines. The first mine installation was connected to the system in 1896 and previous to that time it had been found very difficult to convince the mine operators of the advisability of central station service, as they claimed that it was not as reliable as an isolated plant. The central station service was also antagonized by the mine inspectors, who frequently prohibited central station service for certain uses, especially for fans, contending that mine ventilation was of such importance that no mining company should be dependent upon another corporation for its power for fan operation. These objections were only overcome after several years of successful operation in a large number of mines. The paper mentions a number of mine installations which have been supplied by the central station company's power and describes various difficulties that have arisen in regard to such installations and the methods of overcoming them. The growth of this business is shown by the fact that since the original installation of 120 horse power in one mine, the company now supplies power for 76 coal mines aggregating nearly 15,000 horse power, and has contracts with 10 companies for over 5000 horse power to be installed as soon as possible.
Symmetry resolved entanglement entropy of excited states in a CFT

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report a throughout analysis of the entanglement entropies related to different symmetry sectors in the low-lying primary excited states of a conformal field theory (CFT) with an internal U(1) symmetry. Our findings extend recent results for the ground state. We derive a general expression for the charged moments, i.e. the generalised cumulant generating function, which can be written in terms of correlation functions of the operator that define the state through the CFT operator-state correspondence. We provide explicit analytic computations for the compact boson CFT (aka Luttinger liquid) for the vertex and derivative excitations. The Fourier transform of the charged moments gives the desired symmetry resolved entropies. At the leading order, they satisfy entanglement equipartition, as in the ground state, but we find, within CFT, subleading terms that break it. Our analytical findings are checked against free fermions calculations on a lattice, finding excellent agreement. As a byproduct, we have exact results for the full counting statistics of the U(1) charge in the considered excited states.
Sea Nymph Pilot LCC Model Development Report.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective cost management of the Sea Nymph Project requires a dynamic means to (1) identify, (2) define, (3) estimate, (4) calculate, (5) record, (6) evaluate, (7) control, and (8) update cost data. Such data must be processed automatically because of the large number of cost categories (and the factors they consist of) and the necessity to accurately evaluate their effects during project management decision making. Upon assessment of available and feasible cost information, it has been determined by the Naval Electronics Systems Command Headquarters (NAVELEX) PME 107-1 that the most suitable automatic data processing alternative is the life cycle cost (LCC) method and computer resources. These were developed for the Chief of Naval Material (CNM) by the Naval Weapons Engineering Support Activity (NAVWPNENGSUPPACT). A description of the basic method to be used is contained in Life Cycle Cost Guide for Equipment Analysis, January 1977, prepared for the Naval Material Command by NAVWPNENGSUPPACT, Management Engineering Department, Cost Management Division. This report documents LCC application to the Sea Nymph Project and explains practical problems that must be addressed in a typical LCC application. (Author)
Polyamine metabolism in regenerating livers from normal and hypocalcemic rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract There is a marked increase in the concentration of putrescine during the first ten hours following partial hepatectomy in rats. The concentration of spermidine also increases but to a smaller degree. Putrescine levels return to normal between 10 and 24 hours after the operation, whereas the increased spermidine level is maintained. The production of putrescine and spermidine appears to be initiated by the induction of ornithine decarboxylase which shows a single peak of activity at four hours after hepatectomy. The activity of S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase shows little change following hepatectomy. The changes in polyamine levels and the activities of the enzymes of polyamine metabolism are not affected by thyroparathyroidectomy 72 hours prior to hepatectomy. Thus although these hypocalcemic conditions considerably reduce and delay DNA synthesis and mitosis, the prereplicative changes in polyamine metabolism still occur. These data suggest that the hepatocytes in hypocalcemic animals have become activated and moved to an advanced stage of prereplicative development before being blocked.