jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Health Services Research Methods In Pharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to review the methodologies employed by health service and pharmacy practice researchers in the evaluation of pharmacy services. The review is in two parts. Part 1 discusses the application of different study designs and frameworks in the evaluation of existing and innovative services and interventions; part 2, to be published in a later issue, will address the methods and measures employed in the evaluation process. The studies included in this review were selected to give examples of different study objectives, designs and frameworks and their application in pharmacy settings. Although many of the issues regarding study design and evaluation frameworks may be relevant to clinical trials comparing the efficacy of alternative drug therapies, the focus of this paper is on pharmacy services.
Understanding and Preserving Quiet Areas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The title of this session raises three questions: what is a quiet area; how can it be protected or restored; and is there public interest in understanding, identifying, restoring and preserving quiet areas? If we ask the average person if there is too much noise, most would likely answer in the affirmative. But what is a quiet area, to whom, and in what context? This paper explores the implications of the three questions by examining results of sociological, psychological and acoustics studies and offers possible answers. The term Quiet Area suggests that it is not an area without sounds. Because there can be sounds, are some preferred to others so that restoration or protection is practical by preserving the desirable while reducing or eliminating the undesirable? Over the past decades, the efforts to quiet some types of sounds (e.g. those from transportation) have been a result of public complaints and legal actions that resulted in regulations defining and limiting noise. But is there the public interest, or even widespread awareness of the value of quiet areas? Public pressure for noise control has been an emotion driven response. Is there a means for raising a similar emotional awareness of the desirability of restoring or preserving quiet areas?
"EXPLORING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF TACTICAL THINKING IN WRESTLERS' ANXIETY REGULATION" (IN THE CASE OF ADOLESCENTS)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the psychological basis of tactical thinking as a mechanism for anxiety regulation in wrestlers. Competitive anxietyoften hinders athletic performance, making effective psychological strategies essential. The research explores how tactical thinkingenables wrestlers to anticipate challenges, make informed decisions, and maintain focus under pressure. A mixed-methods approach,combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, analyzes the relationship between tactical thinking and anxiety management.Findings underscore the role of cognitive adaptability, strategic planning, and emotional control in improving performance. Practicalrecommendations are provided for coaches and sports psychologists to enhance resilience and optimize performance in wrestlers.
Antifungal effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus to Candida tropicalis: An in vitro study

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p><em>Candida </em>is known to cause various diseases due to its ability to colonize mucosal surfaces and other sites of the body. <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus, </em>on the other hand<em>, </em>creates an antagonistic pattern to reduce inflammation against fungal organisms by inducing metabolic changes in the fungus. Through this, the study aimed to investigate and understand the inhibitory effects of <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus </em>to <em>Candida tropicalis </em>and ultimately correlate its effect in comparison to nystatin. Pure cultures of<em> L. rhamnosus </em>and<em> C. tropicalis</em> were used in the experimentation. In the study, it was shown that both species exhibit co-aggregation, thus had potential in competitive exclusion. To explore the inhibitory effect of <em>L. rhamnosus</em>, agar well diffusion assay was utilized to visualize inhibition zones of each concentration: 10<sup>3</sup>, 10<sup>5</sup>, 10<sup>7</sup>, and 10<sup>9</sup>. In the results of this assay, <em>L. rhamnosus</em> has shown inhibitory effects most optimally in 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL concentration. In comparison to nystatin, 10<sup>7</sup> and 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL had shown same/greater inhibition zones. Furthermore, this test exemplified that higher concentrations tend to have greater inhibition zones. To further examine the effect, agar overlay interference test was utilized. This was to show bacterial growth inhibition. In the results of this test, it was shown that all concentrations except 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mL had shown inhibition in terms colony size. In brief, <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> exhibited antifungal activity against <em>Candida tropicalis</em> and has statistically exemplified the same inhibitory effect to nystatin. Moreover, the results reconfirms that the inhibitory effect of<em> L. rhamnosus</em> is dependent on its concentration.</p> <p>published by the <strong> <a href="https://innspub.net/international-journal-of-biosciences/">International Journal of Biosciences | IJB</a></strong></p> <div> <div> </div> </div>
Design and implementation of traffic light control system based on MQTT protocol

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, urban traffic congestions have been gaining more and more attention because of the rapidly increasing number of vehicles and limited space for further infrastructure expansion. That’s why the intelligent traffic light control system has played a crucial role in reducing traffic congestions and improving the efficiency of road usage. In order to control real traffic lights after we get a proper traffic lights control strategy, we designed a wireless traffic light system to control the mobile traffic lamps that can be located in any place based on the MQTT protocol. MQTT is a message transport protocol based on publish/subscribe and can be used in many situations, because it is light weighted, open, simple and easy to implement. This thesis aims to implement the real time traffic light control for four traffic lamps at one intersection. The method is general, so the scope of traffic control can be extended easily from a single intersection to a traffic network. In this thesis, we will start from the basic knowledge about the MQTT protocol and the reason why we use MQTT rather than other protocols in this system. And then,we present a site choosing problem and how we set it up. Finally, based on the MQTT protocol, we will introduce how to write programs to control the mobile traffic lamps and how a warning mechanism works. The platform we used in this system is windows, and the programming language is C. After testing its function and performance, this traffic light control system can effectively show the signals of traffic lamps as we expected.
Modulating DNA Methylation in Activated CD8+ T Cells Inhibits Regulatory T Cell–Induced Binding of Foxp3 to the CD8+ T Cell IL-2 Promoter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) activated during the course of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection suppress CD8+ CTL function in a TGF-β–dependent fashion, inhibiting IFN-γ and IL-2 production and inducing G1 cell-cycle arrest. In this article, we describe the molecular events occurring at the IL-2 promoter leading to suppression of IL-2 production. These experiments demonstrate that Foxp3 induced by lentivirus-activated Tregs in the CD8+ target cells binds to the IL-2 promoter, actively repressing IL-2 transcription. We further demonstrate that the chronic activation of CD8+ T cells during FIV infection results in chromatin remodeling at the IL-2 promoter, specifically, demethylation of CpG residues. These DNA modifications occur during active transcription and translation of IL-2; however, these changes render the IL-2 promoter permissive to Foxp3-induced transcriptional repression. These data help explain, in part, the seemingly paradoxical observations that CD8+ T cells displaying an activation phenotype exhibit altered antiviral function. Further, we demonstrate that blocking demethylation of CpG residues at the IL-2 promoter inhibits Foxp3 binding, suggesting a potential mechanism for rescue and/or reactivation of CD8+ T cells. Using the FIV model for lentiviral persistence, these studies provide a framework for understanding how immune activation combined with Treg-mediated suppression may affect CD8+ T cell IL-2 transcription, maturation, and antiviral function.
Representing responses to climate change in spatial land system models

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Modelling future change to land use and land cover is done as part of many local and global scenario environmental assessments. Nevertheless, there are still considerable challenges related to simulating land‐use responses to climate change. Mostly, climate change is considered by changing the temperature and precipitation, affecting the spatial distribution and productivity of future land use and land cover as result of differential changes in growing conditions. Other climate change effects, such as changes in the water resources needed to support future cropland expansion and intensification, are often neglected. In this study, we demonstrate how including different types of responses to climate change influences the simulation of future changes to land use and land cover, and land management. We study the influence of including different climate change effects in land system modeling step by step. The results show that land system models need to include numerous simultaneous climate change effects, particularly when looking at adaptation options such as implementing irrigation. Otherwise, there is a risk of biased impact estimates leading either to under‐ or overestimation of the consequences of land use change, including land degradation. Spatial land system models therefore need to be developed accounting for a multitude of climate change impacts, uncertainties related to climate data, and an assessment of the sensitivity of the outcomes toward the decisions of modellers on representing climate change impacts.
Role of Ras in signal transduction from the nerve growth factor receptor: relationship to protein kinase C, calcium and cyclic AMP.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A dominant inhibitory ras mutant (Ha-ras Asn-17) has been used to investigate the role of Ras in nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated signal transduction in PC12 cells. Expression of Ha-Ras Asn-17 blocks neuronal differentiation of these cells in response to NGF treatment. The Ha-Ras Asn-17 block was bypassed by treatment with NGF plus dibutyryl cAMP or NGF plus the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin, but not by NGF plus 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Direct stimulation of the cAMP or Ca2+ pathways thus appeared to act synergistically with a Ras-independent NGF signaling pathway. This Ras-independent pathway was also distinct from protein kinase C, since its activity was not affected by protein kinase C down-regulation. It thus appears that NGF stimulation generates a Ras-independent intracellular signal that contributes to neuronal differentiation independently of the cAMP, Ca2+ or protein kinase C second messenger systems. Since TPA did not bypass the Ha-Ras Asn-17 block to differentiation, protein kinase C also did not appear to be sufficient for Ras-dependent pathways mediating NGF-induced differentiation. Down-regulation experiments further indicated that protein kinase C was not required for NGF induction of early response genes via either Ras-dependent or Ras-independent pathways. Moreover, the formation of inositol phosphates and mobilization of intracellular calcium in response to NGF was not inhibited in PC12 cells expressing the Ha-Ras Asn-17 protein. Therefore, although calcium was able to bypass the Ha-Ras Asn-17 block to PC12 differentiation, Ras activity was not required for activation of phospholipase C in response to NGF. It thus appears that both Ras-dependent and Ras-independent signaling pathways contribute to NGF-induced PC12 cell differentiation independently of the cAMP, calcium and protein kinase C second messenger systems.
An IncR Plasmid Harbored by a Hypervirulent Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Possesses Five Tandem Repeats of the bla KPC-2 ::NTE KPC -Id Fragment

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Completed sequences of three plasmids from a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate, SH9, were obtained. In addition to the pLVPK-like virulence-conferring plasmid (pVir-CR-HvKP_SH9), the two multidrug-resistant plasmids (pKPC-CR-HvKP4_SH9 and pCTX-M-CR-HvKP4_SH9) were predicted to originate from a single pKPC-CR-HvKP4-like multireplicon plasmid through homologous recombination.
Improvement of formulation and preparation of roxithromycin capsules

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to obtain the optimum formula and preparing techniques of roxithromycin capsules,the effects of different excipients and techniques were studied with orthogonal test.The results showed that roxithromycin capsules prepared with the improved formula and technique were much better in terms of dissolvability,with the dissolvability of 90% at 45 min.
Characteristics of Bread and Biscuit Made With Wheat and Rice Flour Composites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Technological quality changes of wheat flour were studied in relation to its partial replacement (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30%) by white rice flour (RF). In dependence on level added, RF lowered water absorption up to about 10%. Dough stability was multiplied reversely as well as its overmixing tolerance – softening degree of dough lessened from 60 Brabender units (BU) for wheat flour to 20 BU for wheat-rice flour blend 70:30. Baking quality of flour composites was worsened owing to changes in dough elasticity and extensibility (i.e. dough machinability), summarised by extensigraph energy (as an area under curve) decrease from 140 cm2 to 70 cm2 comparing the same samples. Gelatinisation temperatures and amylograph maxima reversely increased – optimal values were recorded for wheat:rice composite 80:20 yet (viscosity between 575 – 790 BU). Fermentation process was affected equivocally – gases volumes had increased up to about 11% because of glucosidase present in RF, but dough volumes lowered due to gluten net weakening. It resulted into lowering of control bread volume to a half for the bread containing 30% of RF (from 319 to 154 ml/100 g, respectively). Bread crumb chewiness was affected seriously; bread samples higher level of RF than 20% were less acceptable (fall of crumb penetration from 10.6 mm to 2.2 mm). Quality changes of biscuits containing RF were of smaller extent – the substitution of 5% caused specific volume increase about ca 15% (from 143 to 203 ml/100 g). Sizes of other fortified biscuits were gradually diminished to level of the wheat control ones.
How Do We Identify and Manage Progressive CTD-ILD?-Update in Treatment and Guideline

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lung is a frequent target of autoimmune-mediated injury in patients with rheumatic diseases. Not infrequently, respiratory involvement may be the presenting manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis is about 20 to 30% of patients, while ILD may occur in 20 to 50% of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis, 40-50% or more of patients with systemic sclerosis, 2 to 5% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 20 to 60% of patients with mixed connective tissue disease, and up to 25% of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatic disease-associated lung involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. It shows a considerable heterogeneity in incidence and prevalence, clinical course, and the involved lung structure depending on the underlying rheumatic disease. Each rheumatic disease is associated with a characteristic pattern of their lung disease. The standard therapy has traditionally been immunosuppressant. With the evolvement of treatment, anti-fibrotic is now indicated for chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype, including autoimmune disease-associated ILD. By targeting the underlying mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis, it is shown that the annual rate of FVC decline can be reduced by more than 50%. In this lecture, Prof. Oliver Distler and Prof. Toby Maher will review the importance of timely treatment, the management practices and treatment guidelines for CTD-ILD.
Re-Imagining Corporate Accountability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter analyses the nature and scope of corporate accountability through multiple lenses. First, Bruner assesses the nature and scope of directors’ accountability through the composition of the board, considering systems where non-shareholder constituencies (notably, employees) have some measure of direct board representation; initiatives aimed at increasing the diversity of directors in publicly traded companies; and speculation that boards of directors might be augmented, or even replaced entirely, by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. Next, the chapter considers the degree to which legal responsibility for the impacts of global value chains ought to flow up to entities at the top of those chains, whether they are organized through corporate parent-subsidiary relationships or through nominally arms’-length contractual relationships. Finally, the chapter assesses a striking national effort to reimagine corporate governance along more sustainable lines—the corporate governance system of post-apartheid South Africa, which provides a vivid case study through which to assess pitfalls and opportunities that may arise in pursuing greater sustainability through corporate governance.
Integrated Perturb and Observe Algorithm to Extract Maximum Power in Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, the development of solar photovoltaic (SPV) technologies is shifting from prototype models and pilot demonstrations to comprehensive marketable products. However, poor power conversion efficiency of the solar panel is the key challenge in the solar industry since the panels only convert a small proportion of the accessible solar energy into electrical power. Hence, an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system is inevitable to increase the power conversion performance of SPV cells. Recently, researchers have developed several MPPT approaches to overcome the key challenges in SPV-based renewable energy generation. The traditional power point tracking approaches such as incremental conductance and perturb & observe (P&O) methods easily trap into the local maximum power point. Also, these approaches fail to analyze the dynamic variations in radiance conditions and fetch large oscillation amplitude and poor convergence speed. In this context, this study proposes a Tuna Swarm Optimizer-based P&O approach (TSOPO) to decrease the oscillation amplitude, enhance the convergence rate, and increase the performance of the P&O technique over diverse partial shading (PS) patterns. This method can achieve the global maximum power point for various PS patterns. The performance of the TSOPO approach is evaluated by relating its maximum power, efficiency, and tracking speed with other advanced P&O variants using metaheuristic algorithms under four different PS patterns. The results prove that the TSOPO approach provides a better convergence rate, higher tracking efficiency, and extracts maximum power from SPV panels.
Measurement of streamer charge distribution on an insulator in SF6 Gas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The charge density produced by streamers on an insulator surface in SF 6 has been investigated by using a probe method with a high‐speed temporal resolution. Concentric circular probes, which also act as a plane electrode, are used in this probe method. Probe signals are observed oscilloscopically and converted into the charge densities through a numerical calculation. This method reveals the charge distribution before a disturbance caused by the “back discharge.” The charge density thus obtained ranges from several nC/cm 2 up to about 60 nC/cm 2 . The density depends on the pressure, voltage height and the position of the streamer. The electric field on the insulator is analyzed numerically taking into account the surface charge. The internal electric field of the streamer is found to be 40 ∼ 50 kV/cm · atm when the streamer ceases its propagation. However, it partly exceeds the critical one (89 kV/cm · atm) during the propagation.
Genetic Diversity of Noroviruses Circulating in a Pediatric Cohort in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Noroviruses are a leading cause of diarrhea in children aged <5 years worldwide. We genotyped 88 viruses collected by active surveillance in a birth cohort of children <2 years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during 2010-2013. Twenty-five of 31 (81%) established GI and GII genotypes were detected, with GII.4 as the predominant genotype (20%). Our results show that children in Bangladesh are infected with a great diversity of norovirus strains. Reinfections are common, but not with closely related genotypes. Birth cohort studies are critical to understand cross-protective immunity and advance the development of pediatric norovirus vaccines.
The Impairment of Osmoregulation in the Rat Offsprings of Hyperadiuretic Mothers Is Probably of Renal Nature2)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Experimental hyperadiuretism in pregnant rats was induced by applying them daily throughout the pregnancy a synthetic analogue of vasopressin--dDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin). It brought about a moderate alteration in the ability to produce hypertonic urine in their offsprings. The osmoregulatory function in the offsprings in the course of fetal development could have been suppressed either by a direct or an indirect effect of dDAVP i.e. by the hypotonicity of mothers' internal environment. There is by now some evidence based on the simultaneous determination of urinary vasopressin and osmolality that the impairment of the osmoregulatory function may be, at least partly, on the renal level.