jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding Cooperative Advertising Participation Rates in Conventional Channels

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Cooperative advertising plans feature prominently in marketing programs in conventional channels and make up the majority of marketing funds in some product categories. Available data show that cooperative plans vary greatly with respect to their principal feature: the participation rate offered by manufacturers (the fraction of the reseller's advertising costs that the manufacturers pick up). The authors develop two formal models to study the effects of advertising “spillovers,” differentiation across competing retailers, and differentiation across competing manufacturers on the participation rate. The models show that more generous participation rates are called for with less targetable media, less differentiated retailers, more differentiated brands, and more upscale products within a category. The authors sketch out a managerial decision framework that incorporates these findings and offer some suggestions for empirical research.
Biochemical aspects of cardiac muscle differentiation. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and nuclear and cytoplasmic deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity have been measured in terminally differentiating cardiac muscle of the rat. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA essentially ceases by the 17th day of postnatal development. Cardiac muscle of neonatal rats contains at least two molecular species of DNA polymerase: a 3.5 S DNA polymerase that can be extracted from nuclei with 0.2 m potassium phosphate and a 6 to 8 S soluble cytoplasmic DNA polymerase. The nuclear DNA polymerase in crude extracts has a pH optimum of 9.0 and is more active with native DNA than with denatured DNA as the primer-template. The cytoplasmic DNA polymerase in crude extracts has a pH optimum of 7.5 and is more active with denatured DNA. The activity of the 6 to 8 S cytoplasmic DNA polymerase decreases 80-fold from day 1 to day 17 after birth, which correlates temporally with the reduced rate of DNA synthesis. The activity of the 3.5 S nuclear DNA polymerase remains relatively constant throughout postnatal development. Mixing experiments (assay of neonatal enzyme extracts with adult enzyme extracts) gave additive results, suggesting that the decline in 6 to 8 S DNA polymerase activity apparently is not due to the presence of absence of soluble activators or inhibitors at different times during development. These studies may provide a system which can be used to investigate the control of DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation during the terminal stages of cardiac muscle differentiation.
Pragmatic Access to Hybrid Quinoxaline Scaffold Mediated by Elemental Sulfur Enabling Actualization to π-Extended and Aza-Annulated Heterocyclic Units

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A metal-free approach for synthesizing hybrid quinoxaline derivatives from sulfoxonium ylide and a 1,5-bis-nucleophilic N-heterocycle mediated by elemental sulfur is presented to illuminate the [5+1] cascade cyclization sequence. Large-scale synthesis and postsynthetic functionalizations for the annulative π-extension and intramolecular aza-annulation reactions reveal the potential utility and actualize the fabricated approach.
Establishment of Accuracy Testing Facilities for Terrestrial Laser Scanners

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Measurement instruments that are required for high precision and reliable work need to have regular checks to ensure they are always performing at the required level of accuracy. A Terrestrial Laser Scanner is one such instrument and with the vast amount of information that this machine is able to capture, it is especially important to run regular accuracy checks. This research is building on the work that has been done by previous researchers on the assessment of instrument accuracy and the establishment of facilities specialized for this assessment. Theoretical principles are investigated in the form of Least Squares Adjustments, similarities to panorama photography and photogrammetric accuracy. Terrestrial Laser Scanners are reviewed with respect to their scanning principles and data acquisition. The methodology incorporated in this research encompasses the positioning of targets, their survey to establish high accuracy coordinates through various methods of adjustment and thereafter the scanning of those targets. Comparisons were done using derived angles and distances between the targets to discover the point accuracy of the Laser Scanner. This was done for two facilities; a short range facility (1 to 15 meters) and a medium range facility (1 to 75 meters). The medium range facility also included a range testing baseline for distance accuracy assessments. The outcomes from the comparisons between the surveyed control data and the laser scanner observed data indicated that the laser scanner is performing below the accuracy of the surveyed data. The laser scanner was further compared against the manufacturer quoted performance specifications and revealed the laser scanner to be performing below the quoted values. The laser scanner in question showed stronger results in the horizontal measurements over the vertical measurements. All results suggested the laser scanner was delivering weak results in the vertical observations due to a mis-alignment of individual scan halves. This research was able to establish two accuracy assessment facilities specialized for Terrestrial Laser Scanners under these same conditions. Both facilities were used in conjunction, to analyze the Z+F Imager 5010C laser scanner and determine the point accuracy in terms of the observed angles and distances from this machine. The results are also able to identify errors in the performance of the laser scanner and whether or not it is performing within the manufacturer specifications by noticing any large values such as in the case of the vertical observations for this instrument.
Sjögren′s syndrome secondary to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: a case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) secondary to Sjögren′s syndrome (SS), and to analyze the clinical, pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases combined with literature review. Methods: Clinical data of 1 case of CM secondary to SS patient were collected, and literatures online were reviewed. Results: The main clinical manifestation consisted of headache, fever and intracranial hypertension. CM was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid ink stain smear, but the patient still died of complication of amphotericin B treatment. Literature review indicated 9%-18% CM may had a history of autoimmune diseases. Headache because of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure ocuured in 38%-100%. The efficacy of amphotericin B combined with fluorocytosine in recommended treatment was not satisfactory, and mortality was high (5%-42%). Conclusions: The clinical manifestation of CM secondary to autoimmune diseases is not typical, the abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid pressure is its characteristic. The efficacy of treatment is not satisfactory, and the mortality rate is high.
Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Geografi untuk Pemetaan Kawasan Produksi Komoditas Unggulan Tanaman Buah-buahan Tahunan di Kabupaten Tanah Datar

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Village area development planning is closely related to the agricultural sector. The development of superior fruit horticultural commodities can utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research aims to identify superior annual fruit crop commodities in Tanah Datar Regency and map the production areas of these commodities. This research is quantitative descriptive, where superior products are determined through Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, while production area mapping uses Getis-Ord Gi* Hot Spot analysis at the sub-district level. The results of the analysis show that the leading commodity for fruit crops in Tanah Datar Regency is avocado. The Getis-Ord Gi* Hot Spot analysis shows that the location of the leading area with the highest spatial production value is in Lintau Buo District, with commodities such as star fruit, duku, lemon, longan, mango and pineapple.
Quantification of absorbed doses to urine bladder depending on drinking water during radioiodine therapy to thyroid cancer patients: a clinical study using MIRDOSE3

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The object of the study was to quantify the absorbed doses to urinary bladder using MIRDOSE3 (medical internal radiation dose package program) depending on drinking water after giving radioiodine dose to thyroid cancer patients. Twenty-nine female thyroid cancer patients (aged 40-60 years, mean 50 years) were selected. The therapeutic doses ranged from 3700 to 7400 MBq of 131I. The radioiodine uptake was measured at 1 cm distance from three organs (previously marked), the thyroid, thigh and stomach, by using a calibrated Eberline ESP-2 GM counter, with a special arrangement of each patient. Urine samples were collected every 12 h for first 72 h, and then every 24 h for the next 96 h. The individual biological half-life of excreted urine was calculated using individual effective half-life. Absorbed doses were calculated for an adult female phantom using the dynamic bladder model of MIRDOSE3 program in two phases: firstly, for different voiding intervals; and secondly, depending on individual drinking water. An average of 85% of the total dose passed through the urinary tract within the first 72 h, with a biological half-life of 28.5+/-0.747 h, and 9% for the next 96 h with a biological half life of 118.43+/-0.645 h. The voiding interval shows great impact on total absorbed dose to bladder and water supplementation needs to be intensified to reduce absorbed doses to bladder wall for the first 3 days.
Mechanisms of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal cancers in the world and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of HCC. The pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC, however, has not been fully examined. HBV induces HCC by genome integration and expression of trans-activating factors derived from the HBV genome. Evidence suggests that the HBV X protein (HBx) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of HCC. We have reviewed the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis at the molecular level with a particular emphasis on the role of X protein.
The saponification of α‐monostearin in a monolayer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The saponification of α‐monostearin in a monolayer over a range of surface pressures and temperatures has been studied on a substrate of o‐IN‐sodium hydroxide. Pseudo‐unimolecular constants have been found for the range 13.5–21°C., but above 22°C. the reaction is retarded in its later stages. The results at the lower temperatures indicate that the soap remains in the monolayer and that the molecular areas of soap and monoglyceride are additive. The energy of activation of the monolayer reaction has been compared with that of saponification in bulk.
Noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement by oscillometric principle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the development of a noninvasive blood pressure measurement (NIBP) device based on the oscillometric principle. The device is composed of an arm cuff, an air-pumping motor, a solenoid valve, a pressure transducer, and a 2×16 characters LCD display module and a microcontroller which acts as the central controller and processor for the hardware. In the development stage, an auxiliary instrumentation for signal acquisition and digital signal processing using LabVIEW, which is also known as virtual instrument (VI), is incorporated for learning and experimentation purpose. Since the most problematic part of metrological evaluation of an oscillometric NIBP system is in the proprietary algorithms of determining systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the amplitude algorithm is used. The VI is a useful tool for studying data acquisition and signal processing to determine SBP and DBP from the maximum of the oscillations envelope. The knowledge from VI procedures is then adopted into a stand alone NIBP device. SBP and DBP are successfully obtained using the circuit developed for the NIBP device. The work done is a proof of design concept that requires further refinement.
Automated breast cancer diagnosis using artificial neural network (ANN)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Early diagnosis and detection of breast cancer can be improved by deploying automated breast cancer applications. However, efficient algorithms have to be developed to detect texture features or morphological features or descriptor features that can possibility detect the presence of abnormalities in the breast. In this research work, image enhancement techniques, breast segmentation techniques, feature representation and classification methods have been explored and applied on mammograms and ultrasound images obtained from mini-MIAS and BCDR repositories. To predict the presence of lesions in images, Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) was adopted. This technique provides a sensitivity of 100% and is capable of extracting features from both mammograms and ultrasound images. To determine whether an image contains calcifications, which is a sign of the presence of cancer, support vector machine has been explored. The performance of the application is provided in terms of sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negatives.
Mapping the fit : library and information services and the national transformation agenda in South Africa, Part 1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article, the first of two parts, is an update of one which appeared in the IFLA journal in 2007 (Stilwell 2007a). Progress since 2007 is mapped in terms of the fit between the library and information services available and the national transformation agenda. It reviews information policy and describes information sources, systems and services in South Africa as part of the wider national information system. It stops short of describing the situation pertaining to school libraries, archives, record centres and museums, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), embassies, commercial database industry and indigenous knowledge which are covered in Part 11. The sectors concerned with the dissemination of information and information technology are also described in Part 11, as well as the library and information education and training sector and the organised profession. This overview is based on literature retrieved from the available, mostly electronic, databases.
ChebNet-based Online Health Monitoring for Diesel Propulsion System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As an important means of marine traffic, the safety of ships has always been the focus of attention. The structure of the ship is complex and it is composed of multiple subsystems. The problems of each subsystem will affect the ship's normal operation, and even lead to serious consequences. Therefore, it is an important task to carry out health monitoring on the main subsystems or main components of the ship, which helps to alarm in time when problems happen. This paper takes the intake and exhaust system of the ship propulsion system as an example, sorts out the data collected by multiple sets of sensors arranged on the system, such as temperature and pressure difference, and excavates the correlation between the data to build the graph, and then uses the graph convolutional neural network to process it efficiently to complete the task of predicting the change trend of the data. When the data's change trend is abnormal, the system will be checked or maintained in time to prevent accidents and achieve the goal of health monitoring. In this paper, three different graph convolutional neural networks are used to predict the graph. After comparison, a method that is most suitable for this data set is obtained. It shows high efficiency and good accuracy in the prediction task. It plays an important role in monitoring the health status of the intake and exhaust system of the ship propulsion system.
About Some Problems Raised by the Relativistic Form of De-Broglie–Bohm Theory of Pilot Wave

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The standard relativistic de-Broglie--Bohm theory has the problems of\ntacyonic solutions and the incorrect non-relativistic limit. In this paper we\nobtain a relativistic theory, not decomposing the relativistic wave equations\nbut looking for a generalization of non-relativistic Bohmian theory in such a\nway that the correct non-relativistic limit emerges. In this way we are able to\nconstruct a relativistic de-Broglie--Bohm theory both for a single particle and\nfor a many-particle system. At the end, the theory is extended to the curved\nspace-time and the connection with quantum gravity is discussed.\n
Tuning the Photoelectric Properties of Perovskite Materials Using Mg/Ge/Si and Br Double-Doped to FASnI3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Formamidinyl tin iodide (FASnI3, FA+ = NH2CHNH2+) has attracted enormous attention due to the higher thermal stability, less pollution, and excellent photoelectric properties. However, oxidation of tin may result in tin vacancy defects, which not only reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) but also limit its practical application in perovskite solar cell materials. In this paper, to restrain the oxidability and improve the PCE of the structure, Mg/Ge/Si and Br double-doped to FASnI3 were studied by density functional theory (DFT). The results about geometric and photoelectric properties show that appropriate doping can increase the stability, tune the band gap, and improve the charge transfer balance. Among all the discussed doping ratios, FASn0.75Mg0.25I2Br and FASn0.75Mg0.25IBr2 are expected to be used as candidates for the light-absorbing layer of perovskite solar cells because of their high stability and excellent properties.
Performance analysis of dates and acacia hybrid filler reinforced natural polymer composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the shift toward renewable materials has been driven by the environmental and economic implications of synthetic alternatives. Bio-filler reinforced polymer composites, particularly our Date seed and Acacia filler reinforced vinyl ester (DSF/AF-VE), provide multifaceted advantages like ecological sustainability, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, reduced carbon footprint, and enhanced processability for diverse applications, including automotive components, biodegradable packaging, and lightweight construction materials. This study explores using Date seed and Acacia fillers, known for their sustainability, recyclability, and bio-degradability, in polymer composites. By incorporating these fillers with vinyl ester, we aimed to enhance properties like mechanical strength, thermal stability, and wear resistance. A standard compression molding process was chosen for this experiment due to its proven effectiveness in achieving uniform filler distribution, reproducibility of composite properties, and its suitability for large-scale industrial applications. DSF/AF-VE composites were produced with filler loadings ranging from 10% to 40%, maintaining a 50% filler/filler ratio. Our findings indicate that an optimal filler proportion significantly enhances the structural properties of the composite. A filler concentration of 15w% yielded the best tensile and flexural strength, while 20w% was optimal for impact strength. The DSF/AF-VE hybrid filler showed considerable improvements in tensile, flexural, and impact strength compared to the clear matrix, with increases of 1.53 times, 1.48 times, and 1.93 times, respectively. This study underscores the potential of Date seed and Acacia fillers in enhancing the mechanical properties of natural polymer composites, suggesting their suitability for low-load applications, such as switchboards, panels, wheel arches, and air spoilers.
Differential display of eukaryotic mRNA-development and applications-A review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene expression and regulation in eukaryotes is a complex mechanism. In each of eukaryotic cells, hardly 10-15% of the genes are turned on at any instance of time. Understanding the genomic information in the future will depend on tools that can study the differential expression of the genes. Differential Display depends on very simple principles of the molecular biology such as reverse transcription and PCR. Developments such as Fluorescent Differential Display and digital output have further increased its prospects. It is an important tool that has helped thousands of researchers to interpret gene expression patterns in eukaryotes. It has already played a major role to detect the novel genes for cancer and many medical disorders, developmental biology, evolution and so on. Use of this technique in animal science research is awaited, but has better prospects.
The Views of Regulators Around the World

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In discussing the future of money and financial systems, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are now dominating the discourse; hence, understanding the perspectives of regulators, particularly central banks, and monetary authorities, is paramount in comprehending the global landscape of CBDC adoption and regulation. This chapter presents a systematic literature review of official publications published by central banks worldwide by synthesizing regulators' perspectives on CBDCs across different jurisdictions. This chapter synthesizes vital themes, trends, and insights about CBDCs by comprehensively analyzing central banks' publications. The authors find that official publications on CBDC by central banks are still at an early stage, highlighting the need for further research on perspectives by central banks about CBDC. Although many central banks indicated that they are undertaking CBDC research, their research output and public data are challenging to find.
Supplemental figure 5 from Met Signaling Cascade Is Amplified by the Recruitment of Phosphorylated Met to Lipid Rafts via CD24 and Leads to Drug Resistance in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Expression of CD24, phospho-Met, MDR-1 and MRP in cisplatin-treated EC xenogrft tumors</p>
Treatment of acid mine effluents using a wood-waste cover

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

At the East Sullivan site, wood wastes covering the abandoned mine tailings impoundment prevent sulfide oxidation by creating an anoxic environment. The addition of coarse ligneous wastes and their high permeability favor infiltration, resulting in a water table rise that maintains most tailings under water saturation and thus provides an additional protection against sulfide oxidation. Moreover, high infiltration allows a more rapid flushing of acid prone groundwater generated prior to the cover placement, which could cause acid mine drainage over a long period of time. Finally, the pore-waters under the cover are characterized by a strong reducing potential, high alkalinity, and near neutral pHs. These conditions favor sulfate reduction and base metal precipitation as sulfides and as carbonates. Pore-water composition monitored from 1992 to 1998 showed a significant Fe2+ decrease, following cover placement. Thereafter, the restoration strategy capitalized on the alkaline and reductive properties of the waters underlying the wood-waste cover. An original treatment of acid effluents, based on the recirculation of water discharged around the impoundment through the organic cover, was implemented. In 2002, the recirculated water from May to October had a mean pumping rate of 240 m3/h, for a total volume of 800 000