jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Metabolism in Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role in Gastric Carcinogenesis through Facilitating CagA Translocation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A known virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori that augments gastric cancer risk is the CagA cytotoxin. A carcinogenic derivative strain, 7.13, that has a greater ability to translocate CagA exhibits much higher hydrogenase activity than its parent noncarcinogenic strain, B128. A Δ hyd mutant strain with deletion of hydrogenase genes was ineffective in CagA translocation into human gastric epithelial AGS cells, while no significant attenuation of cell adhesion was observed. The quinone reductase inhibitor 2- n -heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline- N -oxide (HQNO) was used to specifically inhibit the H 2 -utilizing respiratory chain of outer membrane-permeabilized bacterial cells; that level of inhibitor also greatly attenuated CagA translocation into AGS cells, indicating the H 2 -generated transmembrane potential is a contributor to toxin translocation. The Δ hyd strain showed a decreased frequency of DNA transformation, suggesting that H. pylori hydrogenase is also involved in energizing the DNA uptake apparatus. In a gerbil model of infection, the ability of the Δ hyd strain to induce inflammation was significantly attenuated (at 12 weeks postinoculation), while all of the gerbils infected with the parent strain (7.13) exhibited a high level of inflammation. Gastric cancer developed in 50% of gerbils infected with the wild-type strain 7.13 but in none of the animals infected with the Δ hyd strain. By examining the hydrogenase activities from well-defined clinical H. pylori isolates, we observed that strains isolated from cancer patients ( n = 6) have a significantly higher hydrogenase (H 2 /O 2 ) activity than the strains isolated from gastritis patients ( n = 6), further supporting an association between H. pylori hydrogenase activity and gastric carcinogenesis in humans. IMPORTANCE Hydrogen-utilizing hydrogenases are known to be important for some respiratory pathogens to colonize hosts. Here a gastric cancer connection is made via a pathogen’s ( H. pylori ) use of molecular hydrogen, a host microbiome-produced gas. Delivery of the known carcinogenic factor CagA into host cells is augmented by the H 2 -utilizing respiratory chain of the bacterium. The role of hydrogenase in carcinogenesis is demonstrated in an animal model, whereby inflammation markers and cancer development were attenuated in the hydrogenase-null strain. Hydrogenase activity comparisons of clinical strains of the pathogen also support a connection between hydrogen metabolism and gastric cancer risk. While molecular hydrogen use is acknowledged to be an alternative high-energy substrate for some pathogens, this work extends the roles of H 2 oxidation to include transport of a carcinogenic toxin. The work provides a new avenue for exploratory treatment of some cancers via microflora alterations.
Alchemilla (Rosaceae) in the Massif Central (France). Introduction and one new Species Alchemilla reflexa sp. nov

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Alchemilla L . ( Rosaceae ), A. reflexa Frost‐Ols ., is described and illustrated. A. reflexa is characterized by deflexed indumentum on petioles and stems, orbicular leaves with imbricate basal lobes and crimson‐magenta coloured basal stipules. It is distributed in the Massif Central, France, where it is widespread, and in northeastern Pyrenees (déps. Ariège and Aude). A. reflexa is compared with two species previously recorded from the Massif Central with doubt, A. exigua Buser and A. strigosula Buser and with A. filicaulis Buser that can be misidentified as A. reflexa in the field. An introduction to past treatments of Alchemilla in the Massif Central is provided as well as a discussion of some morphological elements used for delimiting Alchemilla taxa.
Tolley's Equal Pay Handbook

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1. Background to the Equal Pay Act 1970 2. The Equal Pay Act 1970 3. Application of the Equal Pay Act 1970 4. Definition of pay 5. Like work 6. Work rated as equivalent 7. Work of equal value 8. Indirect sex discrimination 9. Use of comparators in practice 10. The burden of proof and the employer's defence 11. Practice, procedure and remedies 12. The Code of Practice, equal opportunities policies and avoiding litigation 13. Statutory grievance procedures 14. Related legislation Appendices
Does Venture Capital Foster the Most Promising Entrepreneurial Firms?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Venture capital seed investments seem not to foster the most promising entrepreneurial firms. The venture capitalist's difficulty in assessing an entrepreneur's ability to develop a successful venture is the key to explaining what type of entrepreneur will choose to involve a venture capitalist in the seed stage. The authors find that venture capital backed firms are not initiated by the most capable entrepreneurs because the most able entrepreneurs will not find the prices offered by venture capitalists sufficiently attractive and will seek other sources of financing. Under the current institutional structure of the venture capital industry, a higher failure rate can be expected among venture capital backed firms than in the population of new firms in general.
Functional Donor Site Morbidity Following Vascularized Toe Transfer Procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and pooled analysis of vascularized toe-to-hand transfer to determine functional donor site morbidity among different techniques. METHODS: Pubmed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases search yielded 302 citations, with 64 meeting inclusion criteria. Pooled outcomes and analysis is reported. RESULTS: A total of 954 digits transfers (442 isolated great toe transfers, 379 isolated second toe transfers, and 153 transferred toes classified as ‘other’) were analyzed (80.8% male, 19.2% female). Etiology of injury was traumatic in greater than 99% of cases. Overall functional impairment analysis found 23.7% (97 digit transfers) experienced gait impairment, while 76.3% (313 digit transfers) reported no functional impairment. Subgroup analysis is depicted in Figure 1. 27.8% of free great toe transfers manifested some form of gait impairment versus 19.9% of great toe wraparound transfers. Five studies demonstrated imbalance of force in improper anatomical distribution, with two studies showing increased load on the 4th/5th metatarsal heads, and piezoelectric gait analysis showing impaired propulsion during gait. Preserving the ray resulted in hallux rigidus at the MTP resulting in increased load over the 3rd/4th metatarsal heads, valguization of the second toe with radiographic misalignment, and impairment in the pushoff phase of gait. However, 3 other forms of dynamic pedobarography, and 10 subjective reports from patients and physicians found no or less impairment in gait. Mean follow-up time was 62.6 months CONCLUSIONS: Functional foot impairment can occur following various toe transfer procedures due to altered biomechanics of weight distribution and gait. Rigorous biomechanical foot evaluation of this subset of patients is lacking, but current data suggests certain distinct findings. Great toe transfer appears to have the highest morbidity rate, but lower re-operative intervention as compared to second toe transfer. Preserving ray projection does not prevent biomechanical changes to the foot, but may delay functional impairment leading to favorable functional interpretation by patients and surgeons.
Antidiabetic Activity Test of Fe(III) Complex Compound with Arginine Ligand in Male Mice (Mus Musculus L.)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood sugar levels in the body. Treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus is with insulin injections while treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus generally uses oral medication. Currently, people are looking for diabetes drugs made from complex compounds using metals. The development of research and utilization of Fe(III) complex compounds is still limited, thus, in this study the synthesis of Fe(III) complex compounds with arginine ligands was carried out. The results of the research obtained a complex compound of Fe(III)-arginine with 96%, in the form of a brown gel with a sample weight of 0.5601 g. Characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed absorption at a wavelength of 203 nm which indicated the absorption of the Fe(III)-arginine complex. The results of FTIR analysis showed a typical absorption of Fe–O and Fe–N bonds at a wavelength of 500–600 nm. The results of the calculation of the mice's body weight decreased when induced by alloxan. After 3 and 4 weeks, the mice's body weight returned to stability. The highest decrease in glucose levels was in dose 2, namely 100 μg/kg bw with a decrease in %GL of 66.72%. The results of this study show that the complex compound Fe(III) arginine can reduce blood glucose levels in mice.
Broiler litter and layer manure in the diet of growing bull calves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted for a period of 90 days with twelve local growing bull calves to study the effect of feeding broiler litter (BL) and layer manure (LM) on feed intake, digestibility, live weight gain (LWG) and feed costs. Calves were divided into four groups, three animals in each group and allocated four dietary treatments in a randomized block design. All animals were fed rice straw and green fodder adlibitum and 25% concentrate mixture was supplied. The concentrate mixture of control group A contained mustard oil cake, rice polish, wheat bran, di-calcium phosphate (DCP) and common salt. Instead of mustard oil cake, diet B contained 40% BL, diet C 40% LM, and diet D 20% BL and 20% LM. Differences in weight gain between groups were not significant (p>0.05). Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of control group A was significantly (p>0.05) better than in group C. and non-significantly better than that of group B. The inclusion of broiler litter and layer manure in the ration did not significantly affect the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE), but the digestibility of ether extract (EE) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in diet A than in C and D. Cost of meat production was significantly (p<0.05) higher for diet A than for diets B, C and D. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v25i2.4619 Bangl. vet. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 2, 62-67
In VitroEndothelial Cell Proliferation Assay Reveals Distinct Levels of Proangiogenic Cytokines Characterizing Sera of Healthy Subjects and of Patients with Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although myocardial angiogenesis is thought to play an important role in heart failure (HF), the involvement of circulating proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines in the pathogenesis and/or prognosis of HF has not been deeply investigated. By using a highly standardized proliferation assay with human endothelial cells, we first demonstrated that sera from older (mean age52±7.6years;n=46) healthy donors promoted endothelial cell proliferation to a significantly higher extent compared to sera obtained from younger healthy donors (mean age29±8.6years;n=20). The promotion of endothelial cell proliferation was accompanied by high serum levels of several proangiogenic cytokines. When we assessed endothelial cell proliferation in response to HF patients’ sera, we observed that a subset of sera (n=11) promoted cell proliferation to a significantly lesser extent compared to the majority of sera (n=18). Also, in this case, the difference between the patient groups in the ability to induce endothelial cell proliferation correlated to significant (P<0.05) differences in serum proangiogenic cytokine levels. Unexpectedly, HF patients associated to the highest endothelial proliferation index showed the worst prognosis as evaluated in terms of subsequent cardiovascular events in the follow-up, suggesting that high levels of circulating proangiogenic cytokines might be related to a worse prognosis.
CS 4 Everyone

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is widely known that computer science students do not reflect the diversity of the population at large. Studies have shown that effective outreach programs can educate the public, increase student interest, help recruit and retain majors in computing disciplines. Traditionally the outreach events are organized by higher education institutions or nonprofit organizations. It will be highly effective if high school teachers are provided with the right tools so they can organize outreach events in their school or local community. Outreach programs can vary widely in terms of target audience, duration and objective. And it might seem daunting to design and deploy outreach events to make it sustainable. Our goal in this BOF is to discuss effective outreach activities to recruit and retain diverse students in CS K-12 pipeline. In particular, each facilitator will address the objective of the activity, the target audience, a description of the activity, and key aspects for successful deployment. This BOF will also provide an effective model for high school teachers to design and implement computing outreach activities in their schools. We will share techniques to increase students and parents interest in computer related discipline and provide them with appropriate tools to pursue their interest more. Facilitators will also share information about various funding agencies that can sponsor CS outreach programs. It will provide an opportunity for high school and college faculty to explore possibilities for collaborations and outreach between high schools and colleges.
Effects of complex coastal topography on overland tsunami flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main goal of this project was to examine the effects of various experimental parameters on the behaviour of tsunami waves inside and outside coastal structures such as tunnels during a tsunami event, as well as to analyse the fluctuations in air pressure inside these tunnel-like structures when impacted by tsunami waves. Solitary waves were used to simulate the tsunami waves while a Perspex model comprising a cliff and straight tunnel were introduced to represent both a natural geological formation and a man-made structure that are likely to be found in actual coastal areas. To determine the extent to which some of the key experimental parameters affected the wave height of the tsunami waves, a series of carefully crafted experimental runs was conducted incorporating several variations in each of the parameters. The parameters in question were namely the water depth, incident wave height and the distance of the cliff from the shoreline. In addition, changes in the air pressure within the tunnel were examined by introducing a screw at the top of the tunnel and examining its effect on the air pressure when it was both present and absent. Based on the experimental data, it was found that both the water depth and incident wave height shared a positive correlation with the actual wave height measured but the distance from the shoreline was inversely proportional to the wave height. Where the air pressure was concerned, the pressure recorded in the presence of the screw was significantly higher than when the screw was removed. These findings provide a clearer idea of the key factors that could have an effect on tsunami waves and the resulting damage suffered. Moving forward, this project can be expanded to include detailed investigations of the effects of both the slope and relative wave height on the wave run-up phenomenon, as well as the calculation and prediction of tsunami waves on coastal structures. The effect of the run-up height on the inundation distance can also be explored, since the inundation distance of tsunami waves have a direct impact on the amount of damage suffered at coastal sites.
Vertical and Circumferential Localization of Esophageal Mucosal Breaks in Patients with Mild Reflux Esophagitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Esophageal mucosal breaks are considered to occur circumferentially in locations with high exposure to acid. In the present study, we investigated the circumferential localization of esophageal mucosal breaks based on their distance from the esophagogastric junction. Methods The vertical and circumferential localization of 625 esophageal longitudinal mucosal breaks was examined in 398 patients with mild reflux esophagitis. Results The number of mucosal breaks in which the distal end was located 0-1 cm from the esophagogastric junction was 454, while those in which the distal end was located 1-2, 2-3, and >3 cm from the junction were 125, 28, and 18, respectively. There was a marked difference in the circumferential distribution among the groups defined by distance from that junction. Esophageal mucosal breaks whose distal end were located 0-1 cm from the esophagogastric junction were mainly found on the right anterior wall of the esophagus, while those located 1-2 cm from the junction were mainly found on the right wall, and those located 2-3 and >3 cm from the junction were mainly found on the posterior wall. Conclusion Esophageal mucosal breaks occurring relatively near the esophagogastric junction mainly exist on the right anterior wall, whereas those farther from that junction tend to exist on the posterior wall of the esophagus. The circumferential location of esophageal mucosa highly exposed to refluxed gastric contents changes based on the distance from the esophagogastric junction.
Blood Pressure Monitoring Based on Flexible Encapsulated Sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blood pressure monitoring is a significant concern in the field of healthcare, and the utilization of flexible encapsulated sensors presents a promising solution for achieving noninvasive and comfortable monitoring. This paper presents a study on the flexible encapsulation of MEMS pressure sensors and the development of an enhanced arterial tonometry method for blood pressure measurement, ultimately leading to the realization of a blood pressure monitoring system based on flexible encapsulated sensors. To improve wearer comfort and acquire reliable pulse signals, a flexible encapsulation sensor combining parylene and PDMS materials was fabricated. Additionally, to address the issue of low accuracy in blood pressure measurement, various machine learning algorithms were compared and analyzed, leading to the identification of the random forest model as the optimal regressor. Consequently, a blood pressure monitoring system based on the improved arterial tension method was designed and implemented. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieved a significant enhancement of 31.4% and 21% in the accuracy of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, respectively, compared with the arterial tension method.
Radiation therapy is better than chemotherapy in early-stage Hodgkin's disease? Not so fast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.8.1367 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1634930 Radiation therapy is better than chemotherapy in early-stage Hodgkin's disease? Not so fast. D L LongoxD L LongoSearch for articles by this author , P L DuffeyxP L DuffeySearch for articles by this author , S M HubbardxS M HubbardSearch for articles by this author , R C YoungxR C YoungSearch for articles by this author , V T DeVita JrxV T DeVita JrSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.8.1367 First Page PDF © 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Assessment of the AMSA injection using a computerized device in children

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anesthetic effectiveness of the Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar (AMSA) injection administered through a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) and compare with the traditional buccal and palatal injections used to anaesthetize maxillary primary molars. MATERIALS and METHODS:The sample included 80 primary maxillary molars. The group was divided into eight subgroups, each comprised often teeth. The effectiveness of the technique was measured and compared in lsl and 2nd primary molars for pulpotomy or extraction treatments through the sounds, eyes and motor scale (SEM), where the evaluator was blinded from the anesthetic technique. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 10.0. RESULTS: The AMSA injection with the CCLAD was found to be effective in anesthetizing maxillary primary molars in pulpotomy and extraction procedures. There was no significant difference between the two anesthetic techniques except in the step of gingival retraction buccally in which the traditional injections were more effective than the CCLAD dUring extractions. No significant difference was found between both primary molars in the anesthetic effectiveness of both techniques. CONCLUSION: The AMSA injection using CCLAD was found to be effective in children. However, further research in this field is necessary.
Effects of Carbon and\nNitrogen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation on In vitro and In vivo\nBiocompatibility of Titanium Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Growth of bony tissues on titanium biomedical implants\ncan be time-consuming, thereby prolonging recovery and hospitalization\nafter surgery and a method to improve and expedite tissue-implant\nintegration and healing is thus of scientific and clinical interests.\nIn this work, nitrogen and carbon plasma immersion ion implantation\n(N–PIII and C–PIII) is conducted to modify Ti-6Al-4V\nto produce a graded surface layer composed of TiN and TiC, respectively.\nBoth PIII processes do not significantly alter the surface hydrophilicity\nbut increase the surface roughness and corrosion resistance. In vitro\nstudies disclose improved cell adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1\npreosteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts after PIII. Micro-CT evaluation\nconducted 1 to 12 weeks after surgery reveals larger average bone\nvolumes and less bone resorption on the N–PIII and C–PIII\ntitanium alloy pins than the unimplanted one at every time point.\nThe enhancements observed from both the in vitro and in vivo studies\ncan be attributed to the good cytocompatibility, roughness, and corrosion\nresistance of the TiN and TiC structures which stimulate the response\nof preosteoblasts and fibroblasts and induce early bone formation.\nComparing the two PIII processes, N–PIII is more effective\nand our results suggest a simple and practical means to improve the\nsurface biocompatibility of medical-grade titanium alloy implants.