jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
3. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

肺気腫と肺線維症が併存する病態は1990年に報告され，2005年にcombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema（CPFE:気腫合併肺線維症）と命名された．殆どが男性で重喫煙者．気腫は上肺野，肺線維症は下肺野にみられる．呼吸機能では気流制限や肺過膨張所見が軽度ながら肺拡散能が著明に低下し労作時の低酸素化が著しい．KL-6は上昇する．肺癌の合併が多い．特発性肺線維症に比し予後不良で，肺高血圧の存在が高頻度で予後を規定する重要な因子とされている．
Handbook of Cheese Chemistry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Edited and authored by world experts, this book covers the newest areas of research into cheese manufacture and engineering, as well as the latest developments concerning properties and structure. Information dealing with cheese manufacture includes starter and adjunct cultures, nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, coagulants, novel processing techniques, and ripening. The chapters on cheese properties explain rheology, microscopy, flavours, and other topics. Comparisons of cheese made from milk of various mammals and of artisanal and large-scale cheese manufacturing including vegan cheeses are included. Providing a useful source of facts and information for scientists, cheesemakers, and students, the book covers the ever-expanding field of cheese production, technology, and analysis. Cheesemakers large and small must respond to changing consumer demands and interests. This book informs the knowledge base in cheese chemistry and scientific advances in these areas.
Measuring Ecology in Social Work Supervision: The Relationship Between Work and Treatment Environments and the Quality of Supervision in Israeli Public Welfare Agencies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study measures the interaction between work and treatment environments in public welfare agencies and social work supervision. One hundred and twenty-four social work students enrolled in B.S.W. studies at two Israeli universities, who were doing field work in these agencies, were randomly sampled. The work and treatment environments were measured utilizing an adapted version of a scale developed by Rudolf H. Moos. The student's evaluation of supervision was measured using a revised version of Carlton Munson's questionnaire. Supervisory variables such as administrative capability, effective use of time, and relationships were positively correlated with work environment variables such as order and organization, clarity, cohesiveness and support, and with treatment environment variables such as innovation, spontaneity, anger -and aggression. Conflicts in the supervisory relationship were correlated with a controlling and unsupportive work environment. The use of technology was perceived as limiting the clients' autonomy. While some logical influences were drawn concerning the direction of these correlations and the possible paths these create, further research is needed in order to address the direction of these correlations. Some practice implications of the findings were discussed briefly.
A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials in targeted treatments of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) results in a progressively worsening course associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this comprehensive study was to determine the clinical efficacy of targeted therapeutic interventions for this disease. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane databases and Pubmed for relevant clinical studies. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of targeted treatments to control in CTEPH population were included. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using the I 2 statistic. Results This analysis included 6 studies with a total of 565 patients. We found that targeted treatments approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were associated with a larger improvement in exercise capacity, haemodynamic parameters, functional status and clinical symptom. There were no statistically significant differences associated with targeted treatments compared with control in all‐cause mortality and safety outcomes. Conclusions This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials revealing a positive role of PAH‐targeted therapies in CTEPH. Future larger randomized trials with a focus on long‐term clinical outcomes are urgently needed.
An Input-Parallel–Output-Series Multilevel Boost Converter With a Uniform Voltage- Balance Control Strategy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An input-parallel-output-series multilevel boost converter is proposed in this paper. The theoretical analysis of this topology indicates that it has a high voltage gain, low component stress, small input current ripple, and automatic current balancing function for all input inductor currents. A uniform voltage balance control strategy is subsequently proposed to address the capacitor voltage imbalance issue. The experimental study has been done to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed topology and the voltage-balance control strategy.
Distribution chain diagrams for fresh fruit supply chains: A baseline for emission assessment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Globalisation has undoubtedly revolutionised the way modern society functions by connecting different people, economies, cultures and technology. This integration depends on the adequate movement of goods by increasingly more complex and longer global supply chains (SCs). The structure of the distribution chain and the individual activities that jointly facilitate the transportation of commodities such as fresh fruit have not been well defined, making it difficult and ambiguous to determine greenhouse gas emissions. Mapping the various distribution scenarios of fruit and stating the emission-generating activities not only enable the analysis and management of these activities but also provide a basis for calculating emissions.Objectives: The key objective is to describe all the physical emission-generating distribution activities that take place during the international export of fresh fruit from South Africa. These activities were used to create distribution chain diagrams that define the structure of fresh fruit distribution.Method: To identify activities, a literature review, direct observation of distribution activities at logistical facilities and unstructured interviews with operational managers at these facilities were performed. Scenario planning was used to combine generic activities into realistic distribution chain diagrams. The activities and diagrams were validated by semistructured interviews with four industry experts.Results: Following the identification of emission-generating activities, five generic distribution chain diagrams were created that should represent all possible distribution scenarios for fresh fruit.Conclusion: The generic distribution scenarios not only capture the various methods by which fresh fruit is exported from South Africa but also form the basis of seven important emission-related managerial practices.
Quality Control of Soybean Phosphotide(II) ——Effect on Crude Oil Processing Condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to get high quality lecithin,crude oil from which lecithin is to be recovered is usually filtered prior to degumming to remove impurities.Steam or water is ideal for a good high quality lecithin.Optimal water concentration appears to be closest to the phospholipid content of the crude oil.Most additives used to aid degumming are usually deleterious to the lecithin,except for acetic anhydride.Acetic anhydride will react with the lecithin gums to form some acylated phospholethanolamine.Other additives such as phosphoric acid tend to burn the lecithin on drying.Inorganic salts affect the physical and functional properties.In actual centrifugal process,operational focus should be placed on centrifugal pressure differential rather than on backpressure.
Dynamic Frequency–Temperature Characteristic Modeling for Quartz Crystal Resonator Based on Improved Echo State Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Quartz crystal resonators are the key component of various kinds of electronic systems because they provide the reference frequency source of the system running clocks. However, the frequency stability is often affected by the temperature. Therefore, the frequency-temperature ( f-T ) characteristic modeling has been an important research topic in the frequency control field. The classic f-T modeling method omits the system dynamics and may lead to a large frequency compensation error in the case of rapid temperature changing. To deal with this issue, this article proposes a dynamic f-T modeling method based on improved echo state network (ESN), called residual scaled ESN (RSESN). In the proposed method, the residual modeling framework is designed for purposes of good physical understandability and high prediction precision. This framework uses the static polynomial f-T model to depict the approximated data relationship and applies the complicated network model to compensate the detailed dynamic error. To estimate the dynamic errors, one effective dynamic modeling tool, ESN, is introduced to build the dynamic compensation model for f-T characteristic of quartz crystal resonators. For a better fitting performance, the ESN activation limitations are analyzed and the scaled echo states are constructed in the improved ESN model. The modeling and testing results on the real experiment data show that the proposed method can capture the dynamic information effectively and provide better frequency deviation predictions.
Nanogold Aggravating MEMS Cantilever Capacitance Detection Biochip

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A kind of array micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) cantilever of biochip is designed, which integrated capacitive pressure sensor. Before and after hybridization reaction, by the change of capacitance value, it can measure the capacitance values through integrated circuit (IC) to judge whether the solution containing the cantilever probe genes. In order to improve the detection sensitivity, it aggravate cantilever by gold nanoparticles combining hybridization information, applying Au-S chemical bond of gold nanoparticles and dithiol HS(CH2)6SH to combine and fix DNA probes and applying target DNA marked with biotin to combine gold nanoparticles by Biotin - Streptavidin combining. The results shows that this biochip can detect biological samples fast, high throughput, low cost, high sensitivity and reliably.
The µ-opioid receptor agonist remifentanil induces acute dysphoria irrespective of its analgesic properties

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

µ-opioidergic agonists are believed to induce euphoria, whereas κagonists are thought to lead to dysphoria. Our study investigated mood effects of remifentanil, a µ-receptor opioid agonist, in healthy male volunteers. Moreover, we examined interactions between mood and pain. Three conditions were investigated in 21 volunteers: saline, 0.05 and 0.15 μg kg −1 min − 1 remifentanil. Each condition was investigated during non-painful heat and during painful heat stimulation. Mood was measured with the von Zerssen’s mood scale (Bf-S score) and pain intensity using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). High Bf-S scores are reflecting discontent and dysphoria. Changes were tested for significance using a linear mixed model approach. Remifentanil significantly increased Bf-S scores during painful heat (+91.4%), indicating a negative mood effect, although it reduced VAS scores of painful heat intensity (−49.0%). The type of sensory stimulation (non-painful versus painful) had no effect on mood. There was no interaction between remifentanil dose and type of stimulation. Our results provide evidence for negative mood effects of remifentanil. These effects occur with and without pain. Taken into account that remifentanil reduces pain, one could have expected analgesia-related amelioration of mood instead. In clinical practice, these remifentanil effects should be considered and a comedication might be advisable.
Computational assessment of soot models in ethylene/air laminar diffusion flames

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To improve the accuracy of soot formation and evolution predictions, several physical and chemical models have been developed over the last decades. These models include (i) detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms describing both gas-phase chemistry related to combustion processes and reaction pathways leading to large-sized aromatic molecules, which are needed for modelling soot formation, and (ii) soot models providing a comprehensive description of soot particle dynamics and interactions with gas-phase chemical species. Accordingly, in this work, two detailed soot models, the method of moments (MOM) and the discrete sectional method (DSM), are evaluated in ethylene/air laminar diffusion flames, and their corresponding results are compared with experimental measurements. Furthermore, the NBP and KM2 chemical kinetic mechanisms are assessed and compared with each other by examining key chemical species related to soot formation and evolution. To compute gas mixture's radiative properties, the weighted sum of grey gases model considering a grey medium is also utilised. Finally, the contributions of the soot precursors known as PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) to soot formation are also analysed. The main results show that the discrepancies in PAH concentrations obtained with different chemical kinetic mechanisms can be significant. In addition, compared to MOM ones, DSM results obtained here show a better agreement with experimental data. Finally, the analysis of PAH shows that those with two (A2) to four (A4) aromatic rings impact the most on soot modelling. Specifically, contributions of A4 were found to be more significant at lower heights above the burner, whereas A2 was found to be more impactful downstream as the flame develops. Maximum contributions of A2 and A4 to the soot inception rate were 66% and 85%, respectively, whereas the maximum summed contribution of PAH with five (A4R5) to seven (A7) aromatic rings accounted for only 13% of the inception rate.
Construction of vector carrying rnai structures containing cp gene fragment from SMV and BYMV

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) are two typical virus types causing mosaic disease in soybeans. Currently in soybean production just at measures to prevent and that no drugs for treatment two viruses. RNAi is considered a modern technique and effective against viral diseases in plants. Effectiveness of RNAi technique shown in creating virus-resistant crops by transgenic technique with the genes derived from the virus. With the aim of improving resistance to SMV and BYMV of Vietnam soybean cultivars by transgenic techniques, in this study we have successfully designed vector carrying RNAi structure (pGWSMV-BYMV-CPi) contained CP gene fragment from SMV and BYMV. CPi is conservative sequences of CP gene SMV and BYMV have size is 573bp. Strains A.tumefaciens carrying structure pGWSMV-BYMV-CPi has been created to use infect into lesion cotyledon node, for the purpose of generate transgenic soybean lines with resistance to SMV and BYMV.
Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation. Objective This study analysed the application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis of mature root canals. Material and methods Upper first molars of twelve 13-week old Wistar male rats were used. The root pulp of the mesiobuccal canal was removed and the root canal instrumented with K-files up to size #25. Periapical bleeding was induced into the root canal by introducing a #15 K-file beyond the apex. The teeth on the right side of the arch were filled up with blood clot (G1), whereas those on the left side were filled up with blood clot plus 50 ng/ml of VEGF (G2). Teeth were sealed with light-curing glass-ionomer cement and the animals were sacrificed after 60 days. The maxilla was dissected and fixed before obtaining serial sections for histological processing with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical factor-VIII. Immunohistochemical labelling was evaluated using scores for statistical analysis. Results Immunohistological analysis demonstrated the presence of angiogenesis in both groups, but with higher angiogenic maturation in G2 during the experimental period (p<0.05). HE staining showed connective tissue with absence of odontoblasts in all specimens. Conclusions It can be concluded that it is possible to obtain angiogenesis in mature root canals with or without the use of VEGF, although the latter tends to accelerate blood vessel formation.
RARE CASE OF NODULAR LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA OF LEFT LUNG IN THE PATIENT WITH PREVIOUS PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To describe the case of rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder — pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the patient with previous pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: In the case of pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia clinical, laboratory, instrumental and morphological examination was performed. Results: 44-year-old woman in 7 years after successfully treated infiltrative drug-susceptible tuberculosis of the right lung, was hospitalized with a suspected tumor of the left lung root. The patient underwent left-sided pneumonectomy with lymph nodes dissection. The results of histopathological and immunohistochemical studies evidenced on nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the left lung. Conclusion: Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of the lung with favorable prognosis. For the purpose of differential diagnosis, it is necessary to apply immunohistochemistry.
A Note on Steric Isotope Effects. Conformational Kinetic Isotope Effects in The Racemization of 9,10-Dihydro-4,5-Dimethylphenanthrene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Note on Steric Isotope Effects. Conformational Kinetic Isotope Effects in The Racemization of 9,10-Dihydro-4,5-DimethylphenanthreneKurt. Mislow, Rolf. Graeve, Arnold J. Gordon, and George H. WahlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 8, 1199–1200Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00891a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00891a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computational Study of Hydrogen Bond Interactions in Water Cluster-Organic Molecule Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present a computational study analyzing the noncovalent interactions occurring in complexes formed between small water clusters and selected organic molecules. We used DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS to calculate the binding energies (BEs) of these complexes. We subsequently analyzed the BEs in terms of the structural features of the found noncovalent interactions.
Clinical Application in the Same Term Dental Implant with PerioGlas in Patient of bone Deficiency

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of PerioGlas used in the same term dental implant.Mathods :22 patients 36 implants were put into alveolar with low and medium bone deficiency and PerioGlas was used to reconstruct the alveolar shape to ensure implant in its ideal site and direction.Results:No implant lost in observe period.6-8months after first stage surgery , X-ray and clinic examination shows good osseointegration achieved. The prothesic results are satisfied.Conclusions:PerioGlas is a good material to reconstruct low and medium bone deficiency in implant site.This enable implants be put in its ideal position and direction.
Can LLMs Reason Structurally? An Evaluation via the Lens of Data Structures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As large language models (LLMs) take on increasingly complex tasks, understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities has become essential. However, existing evaluations focus on distinct and isolated tasks. We propose a unified diagnostic lens: structural reasoning--understanding and manipulating relationships like order, hierarchy, and connectivity. We introduce DSR-Bench, the first benchmark to systematically evaluate LLM structural reasoning through canonical data structures, which serve as interpretable, algorithmically meaningful abstractions. DSR-Bench spans 20 data structures, 35 operations, and 4,140 synthetically generated problem instances with minimal contamination. The benchmark's hierarchical design pinpoints specific failure modes, while its fully automated evaluation ensures objective and consistent assessment. Benchmarking ten state-of-the-art LLMs reveals critical limitations: the top-performing model scores only 0.498 out of 1 on challenging instances. Three additional evaluation suites reveal further weaknesses: models perform poorly on spatial data and natural language scenarios, and fail to reason over their own generated code. DSR-Bench offers a principled diagnostic tool for structural reasoning, helping expose reasoning bottlenecks and guide the development of more capable and reliable LLMs.
Tocopherol is the scavenger of singlet oxygen produced by the triplet states of chlorophyll in the PSII

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent developments on the role of tocopherol in the antioxidant network of the chloroplast and, in particular, in the protection of PSII in high light are summarized. The origin and conditions for singlet oxygen produc tion in the reaction centre via P680 triplet formation are discussed, as well as the scavenging of this singlet oxygen by tocopherol. This is probably the obligatory function of tocopherol in the plant in high light ac climation. Furthermore, tocopherol is part of the mod ulation system of ROS in stress signalling.