jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Landscape in the new North

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter is concerned with how Arctic landscapes and territories are conceived of and conceptually reformulated to adapt to prevailing interests. It argues that the operational logics of place vary in the Arctic, but that there is one common trait that cannot be escaped: Settlements and cities in the Arctic are not as local or as remote as we think they are – they are globally informed and globally networked. The chapter provides an overview of three distinct areas of research for the Future North project: the Kola peninsula, the Norwegian Arctic city of Vardø, and Svalbard. It argues that these places are relational, informed by a global network, and that to understand them as landscapes we need to move beyond their visual allure to the forces of production that configure them.
An Economic Model of Social Sensitivity: The Case of

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In general, economists have modeled criminal behavior as a problem in time allocation under uncertainty. Their Friedman-Savage utility models have been based on the binomial probability distribution and then tested using aggregate data on crime rates and neglect the nonpecuniary aspects of crime. This paper overcomes the shortcomings of previous work. Specifically, criminal activity is modeled with an underlying geometric probability process and explicitly accounts for the moral and social compromise involved in becoming a criminal. The empirical model enables the quantification of the criminal's moral and social sensitivity using data based on a consolidated file of police records and a cohort survey of criminals and noncriminals. On the basis of this unique data set, it is found that the included individual criminals are risk averse and that gang membership reduces social sensitivity.
Psychometrics

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The field of psychometrics generally considers the data from educational and psychological tests and assessments from a quantitative perspective. Such data normally emerge from test responses, although they may come from a wide variety of measurement instruments. Two divisions might be identified within psychometrics: theoretical and applied psychometrics. Psychometric theory (as portrayed by Embretson & Reise, 2000; Lord, 1980; McDonald, 1999; Nunnally, 1978) provides researchers and psychologists with mathematical models to be used in considering responses to individual test items, entire tests, and sets of tests. Applied psychometrics is the implementation of these models and their analytic procedures to test data (e.g., Thorndike, 1982).
The economic effects of an oil industry on the Australian economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Any examination of the economic effects of an oil industry on the Australian economy must start with a review of the state of the economy at the moment.In the last year or so Australia has shown considerable stability in its general economic conditions, with retail and wholesale prices remaining fairly stable and with an increase in national income of 5%.This means that there was a real gain in terms of goods and services for consumption in the economy.Total wages and salaries rose by about 7°, business and professional income by about 6%, and overall there was a personal consumption expenditure which was 10% greater than in the financial year of 1952--1953.These figures show, then, a healthy stability in the economy in which a wide range of industries held production at a high level.Output from the iron and steel, coal, copper and zinc industries approached or passed previous figures, and there was a big increase in the manufacture of many domestic articles.This was reflected in a considerable increase in the volume of retail trade: Markets widened, too, but our exports fell in money value even though they remained at a relatively high figure.I think we can sum up the period in the words of the Federal Treasurer: '' 1953-1954 was a period of stable and wide-Spread prosperity ; perhaps never before in our history have we had a year to equal it."
Voltage scaling and repeater insertion for high-throughput low-power interconnects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to exponential increases in both the number of transistors per chip and clock frequency, the dynamic power dissipation for high performance microprocessors is increasing rapidly. This paper, therefore, explores opportunities to reduce global interconnect power dissipation through optimal supply voltage scaling and repeater insertion. To this end, the throughput-energy product and throughput per bit-energy are analyzed to determine an optimum supply voltage for a typical global interconnect in 180 nm technology. Case studies illustrate that a 1 V supply voltage can reduce the power to almost 25% of that using a 2.5 V supply, without any loss in throughput performance (e.g. 2 Gbps) or increase in the wire area.
Target-scale prospectivity modeling for gold mineralization within the Rajapalot Au-Co project area in northern Fennoscandian Shield, Finland. Part 1: Application of knowledge-driven- and machine learning-based-hybrid- expert systems for exploration targeting and addressing model-based uncertainties

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This two-part paper reports results of data integration using different machine learning methods for target-scale prospectivity modeling of gold mineralization. The study area is the Rajapalot project area in the Northern Fennoscandian Shield in Finland. In this Part 1 paper, prospectivity modeling was implemented using knowledge-driven- and hybrid- expert systems. Prospectivity analysis-related systemic and model uncertainties were addressed using statistical and machine-learning based methods. The knowledge-driven Fuzzy Inference Systems (FISs) were optimized using Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) to address and quantify mathematical model-related uncertainties and consequently present the prospectivity values at varying confidence levels. In the FIS results, as the confidence level increases, the high-prospectivity zones mapped by the models are spatially reduced and the mineralization trend becomes progressively well-defined. The resulting prospectivity map has 80% capture efficiency. The supplementary prospectivity map reporting prospectivity values at 90% confidence level has enhanced area-reduction capability. Machine-learning based Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was optimized under the neuro-fuzzy environment. This hybrid ANFIS-based result has 88% capture efficiency. Three exploration targets identified by the prospectivity maps together comprise about 1.5 km2 of the ∼20 km2 study area (i.e., 7.5% of the study area). This indicates considerable search-space reduction by the modeling results for follow-up ground exploration. Hence demonstrating that the prospectivity mapping methods, which are primarily 'predictive tools' at the regional scale, can be harnessed to serve as an aid to detection technologies at the target scale. Implementation of knowledge-driven and hybrid approaches deliver results that can (i) incorporate human cognition into prospectivity modeling, (ii) reduce bias of conceptual model, and (iii) are not overfitted to the training dataset. Statistical methods such as hypothesis testing and MCS, and machine learning methods such as ANFIS are therefore collectively beneficial for addressing both systemic and fuzzy systems-related modeling uncertainties.
Nonlocal modelling of piezoelectric solid with cracks based on peridynamic differential operator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper establishes a nonlocal model for piezoelectric solids using the Peridynamic differential operator. The method transforms the displacement-electric potential equation, constitutive equation, and boundary conditions of piezoelectric solids from a local differential form to a nonlocal integral form. The solution for the displacement and electric potential distributions in piezoelectric solids is obtained using variational principles and the Lagrange multiplier method. The correctness and effectiveness of the model are validated through a comparison of the deformation analysis of piezoelectric solid square plates with analytical solutions. Analysis of piezoelectric solid square plates with edge cracks proves the applicability of this model for solving discontinuous problems. Furthermore, the paper explores the suitability of the model in analysing problems involving multiple cracks in piezoelectric solid plates, highlighting its capability to address defective piezoelectric solid problems. This model provides a new perspective for solving problems involving defects under electro-mechanical coupling conditions.
Sophists and Sophistry in the <i>Wealth of Nations</i>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Stoic is often seen as the forerunner of Adam Smith’s market man of morals, but others have suggested that the sophist played a role in the formation of market morality and political economy. This article traces Smith’s treatment of ancient sophists and his use of the term sophistry in the Wealth of Nations. Smith praised ancient sophists for their effective didactic oratory and their ability to make money through teaching. Smith criticized arguments as sophistic when they promoted monetary advantage for a few over and above the principle of competition. This varied reception of sophists and sophistry suggests a keen understanding of the rhetorical tradition and its capacity to influence the development of the discourse of political economy. Smith’s use of sophistry and reference to the sophists invites a deeper awareness of the essential vitality of effective argumentation for Smith’s “system of natural liberty.”
Correlation Between the in vitro Iron Chelating Activity and Poly Phenol and Flavonoid Contents of Some Medicinal Plants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Iron chelating activity of 16 extracts from 11 medicinal plants has been determined to find alternative sources with lower side effects in thalassemic patients. Thalassemia is characterized by iron overload and chelation therapy reduces iron-related complications and thereby improves quality of life and overall survival. Because of poor oral bioavailability, short plasma half-life and severe side effects of available chelators, this screening may be useful in this area. Extracts were prepared by soaking dry material of the selected plant in appropriate solvent. Phenol and flavonoid content of the extract were measured by Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric assays. Phenol content of the extracts varied between 8.4-194.9 mg g(-1) of extract. The highest chelating activity was found in aerial parts of Leonurus cardiana and Grammosciadium platycarpum which had high amount of phenol and flavonoid contents. All extracts contained various amount of flavonoids from 5.9 to 90.9 mg g(-1) of extract. Weak correlations were found between phenolic and flavonoids contents and iron chelatory activity with R2 = 0.40. Extracts with high phytochemicals and chelating activity can be candidate as a good source of new agents for thalassemic patients.
A successful TOD will reinforce both the community and the transit system

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The three cases of transit-oriented development (TOD) were selected either because they represent comparable rail station types (and/or physical settings) or because certain types of implementation tools were used to make transit-oriented development happen. This paper presents detailed case studies of representative TOD projects throughout Perth. This paper provides background for the case studies by defining transit-oriented development, describing the methodology for choosing the specific case study areas and establishing the framework for analysing individual station areas. This analysis of TOD case studies looks at a variety of transit operators and suburban station types throughout Perth. The selected stations are located in dense urban areas, with limited provision for parking and ride, consistent with the proposed characteristics of PerthAEs transit system. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E219486.
Self-organization of traffic jams in cities: Effects of stochastic dynamics and signal periods

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a cellular automata model for vehicular traffic in cities by\ncombining (and appropriately modifying) ideas borrowed from the\nBiham-Middleton-Levine (BML) model of city traffic and the Nagel-Schreckenberg\n(NS) model of highway traffic. We demonstrate a phase transition from the\n"free-flowing" dynamical phase to the completely "jammed" phase at a vehicle\ndensity which depends on the time periods of the synchronized signals and the\nseparation between them. The intrinsic stochasticity of the dynamics, which\ntriggers the onset of jamming, is similar to that in the NS model, while the\nphenomenon of complete jamming through self-organization as well as the final\njammed configurations are similar to those in the BML model. Using our new\nmodel, we have made an investigation of the time-dependence of the average\nspeeds of the cars in the "free-flowing" phase as well as the dependence of\nflux and jamming on the time period of the signals.\n
Introduction: Was British industrialisation exceptional?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Between 1688 and 1815 Great Britain entered into sustained competition with its European rivals while simultaneously initiating an irreversible process of economic modernisation known as the Industrial Revolution. At the time of the Treaty of Vienna, Britain had achieved a hegemonic position in terms of naval power, international commerce, agricultural efficiency, industrial production, fiscal capacity and advanced technology. In 1820 the British enjoyed the highest per capita income in Europe (one-third higher than the French and one-fifth more than the Dutch) and its primacy persisted down to 1914 (Prados de la Escosura, 2000).
Explaining the Effect of Crop-Raiding on Food Security of Subsistence Farmers of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Across the globe, crop-raiding has been known to have a significant impact on subsistence farmers livelihoods in developing countries. However, the relationship between crop-raiding and food security of small-scale farmers is not well-studied. We investigated the effects of crop-raiding on homestead food security of a subsistence farming community on the edge of the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. We analyzed the relative calories lost to important food security crops (maize, common bean, spinach, and beetroot) damage by crop raiders. In addition, we conducted questionnaire surveys of resident farmers and conservationists of the Hluhluwe Game Reserve to explain the effect of crop-raiding on food security. We firstly assessed how crop loss influenced relative calorie loss as an indicator of food security by comparing relative calorie loss with two predictors of food security: homestead size and contribution of crops to the farmers' food basket. Larger homesteads were more prone to food insecurity as compared to smaller households as they experienced higher calorie loss, especially in terms of maize ( Zea mays ), the most important food security crop in South Africa. This was because maize contributed the highest (91–100%) to the homestead food basket of these farmers. Secondly, we assessed farmers and conservationists' perceptions and opinions on crop-raiding issues. Farmers reported maize as the crop most damaged by crop-raiding animals. Conservationists reported crop-raiding with other major problems in and around the Reserve; this showed that conservationists acknowledge the issue of crop-raiding as a problem for subsistence farming communities abutting protected areas. Both farmers and conservationists reported insects as the most damaging crop raider. Our study suggests that larger homesteads, particularly where maize contributes substantially to homestead food baskets, are more prone to food insecurity in the rural subsistence farming community that we studied. In concordance with many studies, insects were reported as the culprits by both farmers and conservationists. Small, ubiquitous animals, such as insects are reported to cause much crop damage where they occur. The findings of our study suggest that the food security of the studied farmers is threatened by crop-raiding.
Parental stress in children’s adaptation to kindergarten: Sources and intensity of stress

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The transition to kindergarten is a part of family life cycle and an expected developmental change that can induce stress and as such requires family adjustment. In this paper we deal with the types and sources of parental stress when a child enters the kindergarten and during the period of his/her adaptation. In the first phase of the study we conducted three focus group discussions, in which 20 parents participated. The second phase was designed for the questionnaire survey, in which the sample consisted of 163 parents. The data suggest that in parents? experience the most frequent are stressful events related to the child?s reactions and changes in the child?s acquired habits. With less frequency parents reported about stress related to their own emotional reactions and changes in the family functioning. When compared, no significant differences were found between the fathers and mothers in terms of the frequency of the reported stress. Generally, parents estimate that stressful experience associated with children?s adaptation to kindergarten does not induce highly intense stress. Additionally, we found that mothers perceive the children?s period of adaptation to kindergarten significantly more stressful than fathers. Research findings can be important for future investigations about the effects of parental stress in the period of children?s adaptation to kindergarten on optimal family functioning, and for the practical implications for working with these families.
Interschool collaboration enriches students' musical education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter illustrates the positive effects of a transnational interschool collaboration between the Music School of Rhodes and the Music School in Landsberg in Germany on students' experience of their music studies. Drawing on interviews and other material generated during the project, the authors provide insights into the potential of collaborative professionalism to help develop music school teachers' practices, improve schools, and effect organisational change. Through interschool collaborations, music schools can offer alternative models of instruction, provide designs for community programmes resulting in a pooling of resources, and create significant community-building opportunities for everyone involved. Furthermore, it is argued that these collaborations intensify and diversify musical learning since they offer students the opportunity both to have meaningful new musical experiences and to form new social relationships.
Secularization and Aging in Britain: Does Family Formation Cause Greater Religiosity?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using data from the British Election Studies and the British Household Panel Study, this research note examines how family formation factors, such as marriage and childrearing, affect church attendance in Britain. Debates in the United States have centered on how, first, apparent aging effects could be due to family formation or be evidence for cohort differences, and, second, how family formation effects are sex specific. This research note shows that sex‐specific effects are also present in Britain, but more importantly that family formation alone cannot begin to account for differences between age groups in church attendance. Evidence presented here suggests that generational differences are actually responsible for both age disparities and the large declines over time in church attendance in Britain.
Synthesis, resolution, and chiroptical properties of hemicryptophane cage controlling the chirality of propeller arrangement of a C3 triamide unit

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The five‐steps synthesis of a hemicryptophane cage combining a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide unit and a cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) moiety is described. Chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to resolve the racemic mixture. The absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by comparison of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with the calculated ones. X‐ray molecular structures reveal that the capped benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide unit adopts a structurally chiral conformation in solid state: the chirality of CTV moiety controls the Λ or Δ orientation of the three amides.
Graduatesr Satisfaction of Education and Teaching Job Based on Logistics Management in Application Colleges and Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents graduates' satisfaction of education and teaching job in applied colleges and Universities.Based on related theory, this paper collects information by the questionnaire survey form and analyzes statistics result of the questionnaire and interview, finding out the influence factors and reasons of graduates' education and teaching satisfaction.Therefore, this paper summarizes some possible problems in the education and teaching and provides basis and countermeasures to improve education teaching effectiveness and satisfaction.Based on above analysis this paper can help build a communication bridge between students and enterprises, which make the students more smooth, more quickly integrate into the enterprise, even social atmosphere.
Identification of novel CEBPA double mutations capable of promoting familial AML via the suppression of myeloid differentiation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) gene carrying two mutations (CEBPA double mutations) is known to promote familial acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the underlying mechanism by which CEBPA double mutations promote AML remains poorly understood. Here we report that a family with three generations suffering from familial AML carries novel double mutations of CEBPA. Seven bases of GCGCGGG were inserted into the N-terminal c.113-114 of CEBPA as germline mutations and three bases of AAG were inserted into the C-terminal c.939-940 as a somatic mutation. To test the functional impact of this double mutation, we constructed plasmid encoding the double mutants of CEBPA and transfected it into the myeloid precursor 32Dcl3 cells. Lentiviral induced overexpression of CEBPA with these double mutations inhibited myeloid differentiation of these 32Dcl3 cells, and led to approximately 4-fold fewer frequency of CD11b expression. Our results confirm that the double mutations of CEBPA at both N- and C-terminals are potentially to induce leukemogenesis of AML.
Graph Sampling with Distributed In-Memory Dataflow Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given a large graph, graph sampling determines a subgraph with similar characteristics for certain metrics of the original graph. The samples are much smaller thereby accelerating and simplifying the analysis and visualization of large graphs. We focus on the implementation of distributed graph sampling for Big Data frameworks and in-memory dataflow systems such as Apache Spark or Apache Flink and evaluate the scalability of the new implementations. The presented methods will be open source and be integrated into Gradoop, a system for distributed graph analytics.