jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF FORMATION OF SOCIAL COHESION

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article proposes the author's vision of the category "social cohesion": this is a psychological state of kinship and correlation of oneself with another, which involves 1) identification with an idea (value, goal, ideology, etc.) or a subject (leader), 2) formation of readiness for action and 3) actions oriented towards the subject or object. It is argued that social cohesion is formed at different levels - individual and state, each of which has its own mechanisms. It has been shown that the mechanisms of formation of social cohesion at the individual level are focused on personal relationships, feelings and participation in public life. The mechanisms of social cohesion at the individual level are: trust in other people, identification with the community, awareness of the commonality of the goal or problem, mutual learning and enrichment, development and transformation of feelings and ideas about justice, discursive control. The state level provides for structural, economic and cultural mechanisms that contribute to the unity of society. Such mechanisms include: promoting social equality; developing and ensuring inclusive policies; forming a civic identity; supporting civil society; developing trust in institutions; ensuring physical and psychological safety; implementing state policies; introducing and implementing educational and cultural initiatives, joint national projects, and supporting the media. A model of social cohesion formation is proposed, which includes ten stages: 1) defining a common basis, 2) building trust, 3) identifying with the community, 4) developing joint activities, 5) developing mechanisms for interaction, 6) resolving conflicts, 7) supporting a sense of community, 8) consolidating a common identity, 9) building institutional support, 10) resilience to challenges. The idea of the key role of trust (personal and institutional) in the formation and development of social cohesion is advocated.
Effect of a mass treatment with praziquantel on the excretion in urine of a polysaccharide antigen used for diagnosis of schistosomiasis due to S. mansoni in Cameroon.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The detection in urine, with a monoclonal antibody, of an excreted polysaccharide antigen characteristic of the genus Schistosoma, allows evaluation of the effect of praziquantel used for mass treatment, in a focus of S. mansoni infection. Inhibition of the passive haemagglutination test, which was used for detecting the polysaccharide antigen in urine, is more sensitive for measuring prevalence than the determination of eggs in stools by means of direct examination and the formalin-ether concentration technique. Nine months after anthelminthic treatment, the percentage of inhabitants excreting antigen in urine diminished markedly, while the circulating antibody levels remained high. The test for detecting the antigen in urine seems to be the most efficient way to monitor the effect of mass treatment in intestinal schistosomiasis.
A Circumplanetary Disk Around PDS70c

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

PDS70 is a unique system in which two protoplanets, PDS70b and c, have been discovered within the dust-depleted cavity of their disk, at $\sim$22 and 34au respectively, by direct imaging at infrared wavelengths. Subsequent detection of the planets in the H$α$ line indicates that they are still accreting material through circumplanetary disks. In this Letter, we present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the dust continuum emission at 855$μ$m at high angular resolution ($\sim$20mas, 2.3au) that aim to resolve the circumplanetary disks and constrain their dust masses. Our observations confirm the presence of a compact source of emission co-located with PDS70c, spatially separated from the circumstellar disk and less extended than $\sim$1.2au in radius, a value close to the expected truncation radius of the cicumplanetary disk at a third of the Hill radius. The emission around PDS70c has a peak intensity of $\sim$86$\pm$16 $μ\mathrm{Jy}~\mathrm{beam}^{-1}$ which corresponds to a dust mass of $\sim$0.031M$_{\oplus}$ or $\sim$0.007M$_{\oplus}$, assuming that it is only constituted of 1 $μ$m or 1 mm sized grains, respectively. We also detect extended, low surface brightness continuum emission within the cavity near PDS70b. We observe an optically thin inner disk within 18au of the star with an emission that could result from small micron-sized grains transported from the outer disk through the orbits of b and c. In addition, we find that the outer disk resolves into a narrow and bright ring with a faint inner shoulder.
Second-Window Indocyanine Green for Visualization of Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report With Two-Dimensional Operative Video

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE The proper differentiation of neoplastic tissue from adjacent brain parenchyma can pose a great challenge, especially in eloquent areas of the brain. With the novel technique, “Second-Window Indocyanine Green,” injection of a near-infrared fluorophore (ICG) allows for intraoperative visualization of tumors by taking advantage of the compromised vasculature surrounding the tumor. Thus, such a technique may demonstrate utility for hemangioblastomas, which are hypervascular tumors of the central nervous system. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Here we present the case of a 39-yr-old male with a demonstrated cystic mass in the left cerebellum, with additional edema spreading towards the vermis. A total of 5 mg/kg of ICG was delivered intravenously 24 h prior to the operation. The tumor was approached via the infratentorial suboccipital approach. We observed strong near-infrared fluorescence through the intact dura, consistent with the tumor location. Surgical pathology confirmed a final diagnosis of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. There was complete resection of the tumor, with the patient discharged uneventfully. CONCLUSION We report the first successful case of fluorescence-guided surgery of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with the Second-Window ICG technique. This joins a growing series of publications that demonstrate the efficacy of a novel application of ICG, a near-infrared fluorophore, in accurate intraoperative visualization of neoplastic tissue. While the use of a dedicated near-infrared platform (ie, the VisionSense Iridium [Visionsense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]) yields a higher signal-to-background ratio, a neurosurgical microscope (ie, the Leica OH6 [Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany]) may also provide a suitable option in cases where fluorescence is very strong.
What's Fair Is Fair? Role of Justice in Family Labor Allocation Decisions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The theoretical basis on which wives and husbands in the United States evaluate the fairness of the division of household labor is explored. Based on distributive justice theory, separate interviews with wives and husbands are conducted to identify and define the household inputs or contributions that are valued as well as the underlying justice principles that guide household labor allocations. The findings suggest considerable variation in the value placed on household chores and the underlying justice principles used when allocating housework. Gendered expectations also play an important role in these allocations.
Photography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tim N. Gidal, Modern Photojournalism: Origin and Evolution, 1910-1933 Andre Jammes, William H. Fox Talbot: Inventor of the Negative-Positive Process Bernard George, Edouard Boubat Alfred Eisenstaedt's People (New York: Viking, 1973 – $17.95) Weston D. Kemp's Photography for Visual Communicators (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973 – $12.95) Walter Herdeg's Photographis 73 (New York: Hastings House, 1973 – $27.50) Don Barron (ed.) Creativity 2 (New York: Art Direction Book Company (dist. by Hastings House), 1973 – $16.50)
On 3D Dimension: Study cases for Archaeological sites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. For more than a century the tridimensional vision has been of interest for scientists and users in several fields of application. The mathematical bases have remained substantially unchanged but only the new technologies have allowed us to make the vision really impressive. Photography opens new frontiers and has enriched of physical, mathematical, chemical, informatical and topographic notions by making the images so real to make the observer fully immersed into the represented scene. By means of active googless the 3D digital technique, commonly used for video games, makes possible animations without limitations in the dimension of the images thanks to the improved performances of the graphic processor units and related hardware components. In this paper we illustrate an experience made by the students of the MSc'degree course of Topography, active at the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, in which the photography has been applied as an innovative technique for the surveying of cultural heritage. The tests foresee the use of traditional techniques of survey with 3D digital images and use of GPS sensors. The ultimate objective of our experience is the insertion in the web, allowing us the visualization of the 3D images equipped with all data. In conclusion these new methods of survey allow for the fusion of extremely different techniques, in such an impressive way to make them inseparable and justifying the origin of the neologism "Geomatics" coined at the Laval University (Canada) during the eighties.
Children’s Gaze in Contemporary Cinema: A Transatlantic Poetics of Exile and Historical Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines two contemporary films whose child protagonists end up in exile due to the violent military regimes in their respective native countries: Paisito (Small country, 2008), a Spanish-Uruguayan-Argentine coproduction that attempts to construct a Transatlantic poetics of exile and memory, and yet fails; and a Brazilian film, O ano em que meus pais saíram de férias (The Year My Parents Went on Vacation, 2006), which places exiles at the center of a nostalgic, nationalist discourse in which Brazil appears as a multiethnic, multicultural and multiracial ideal space threatened by the military dictatorship. Both Paisitoand The Year represent the 1970s in Uruguay and Brazil, countries torn by a military coup and a military dictatorship. In both films, soccer is presented as a central space, although it is at times questioned as a force for national cohesion; and in both films the child protagonists face exile when their fathers are killed by the military regimes. Both expose how the state uses soccer as a tool of collective appeasement, and yet the nostalgic recuperation of soccer as game seems in some way to infantilize the politics of memory.
Athletes as role models during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Athletes are considered potential role models for young adults even though some of them exhibit inappropriate behaviours. In this commentary, the paper begins with a description of inappropriate behaviours of some athletes during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this age of social media, news of such inappropriate behaviour can spread very quickly, particularly when the behaviour evokes an emotive response. However, social media can also be leveraged to spread positive messages. During this pandemic, athletes like other celebrities can be role models. They can encourage appropriate behaviours including social distancing to stem the spread of the virus through social media. The paper ends with a short discussion on the future of athletes as role models during a pandemic.
Peculiarities of Plasmodium falciparum Gene Regulation and Chromatin Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The highly complex life cycle of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is based on an orchestrated and tightly regulated gene expression program. In general, eukaryotic transcription regulation is determined by a combination of sequence-specific transcription factors binding to regulatory DNA elements and the packaging of DNA into chromatin as an additional layer. The accessibility of regulatory DNA elements is controlled by the nucleosome occupancy and changes of their positions by an active process called nucleosome remodeling. These epigenetic mechanisms are poorly explored in P. falciparum. The parasite genome is characterized by an extraordinarily high AT-content and the distinct architecture of functional elements, and chromatin-related proteins also exhibit high sequence divergence compared to other eukaryotes. Together with the distinct biochemical properties of nucleosomes, these features suggest substantial differences in chromatin-dependent regulation. Here, we highlight the peculiarities of epigenetic mechanisms in P. falciparum, addressing chromatin structure and dynamics with respect to their impact on transcriptional control. We focus on the specialized chromatin remodeling enzymes and discuss their essential function in P. falciparum gene regulation.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Use, Trade, and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in the Rasuwa District of Central Nepal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

在几个喜玛拉雅的区域的民族生计大部分取决于药用的植物的收集，使用，和贸易。传统的使用通常不是一个问题，但是国家、国际的需求能导致在利用上的到会增加的选择种类的商业聚会。药用的植物的持续管理要求包含的各种各样的股东的各自的角色，责任和观点的清楚的理解。通过面谈和组讨论，这研究瞄准了在尼泊尔的 Rasuwa 区域在药用的植物的使用，贸易和保存上调查二个股东组的看法。本地人和区域和国家组织同意药用的植物为商业、个人的使用的联合是镇定的。市场可获得性上的感觉显著地不同：从区域和国家组织的回答者的 100 % 把市场看作了容易可得到，对仅仅为本地人的 36 % 。这能解释药用的植物为什么被本地人察觉比到生计改进少些作出贡献到收入产生。不同观点也在这个区域有关药用的植物的地位被表示：从区域和国家组织的回答者的 81 % 认为药用的植物被威胁，与仅仅为本地人的 28 % 相比。尽管有这不同，两个股东组在对药用的植物的潜在的威胁之上同意了：过去收获；产地损失由于陆地使用变化和采伐森林；并且由家畜过度放牧。几挑战关于药用的植物的持续管理被识别，例如模糊政策；资源，信息和基础结构的缺乏；产地降级；并且在利用上。尽管有这些挑战，回答者们同意药用的植物部门在 Rasuwa 提供巨大的机会区域，给定的资源可获得性，社区了解和动机，和政府和另外的代理处给部门的优先级。在股东之中的合适的合作，通讯和协作被需要抓住这些机会。
Bacterial Origin and Reductive Evolution of the CPR Group

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The candidate phyla radiation (CPR) is a proposed subdivision within the bacterial domain comprising several candidate phyla. CPR organisms are united by small genome and physical sizes, lack several metabolic enzymes, and populate deep branches within the bacterial subtree of life. These features raise intriguing questions regarding their origin and mode of evolution. In this study, we performed a comparative and phylogenomic analysis to investigate CPR origin and evolution. Unlike previous gene/protein sequence-based reports of CPR evolution, we used protein domain superfamilies classified by protein structure databases to resolve the evolutionary relationships of CPR with non-CPR bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya, and viruses. Across all supergroups, CPR shared maximum superfamilies with non-CPR bacteria and were placed as deep branching bacteria in most phylogenomic trees. CPR contributed 1.22% of new superfamilies to bacteria including the ribosomal protein L19e and encoded four core superfamilies that are likely involved in cell-to-cell interaction and establishing episymbiotic lifestyles. Although CPR and non-CPR bacterial proteomes gained common superfamilies over the course of evolution, CPR and Archaea had more common losses. These losses mostly involved metabolic superfamilies. In fact, phylogenies built from only metabolic protein superfamilies separated CPR and non-CPR bacteria. These findings indicate that CPR are bacterial organisms that have probably evolved in an Archaea-like manner via the early loss of metabolic functions. We also discovered that phylogenies built from metabolic and informational superfamilies gave contrasting views of the groupings among Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which add to the current debate on the evolutionary relationships among superkingdoms.
A BANK CUSTOMER ANALYSIS AND MORTGAGE SERVICES EVALUATION: IMPLICATIONS OF MARKET SEGMENTATION POLICIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The scope of this paper is to examine market segmentation factors, as well as, bank customer atti-tudes and beliefs towards housing loans. The Greek mortgage market has experienced great devel-opments in the latest years with high annual growth rates. Quantitative research was carried out by means of structured questionnaires with 20 items at a sample of 183 respondents in the area of Athens. Research found out that respondents are well-disposed towards house loans in order to purchase primary residence and half in order to purchase land. The required provision of informa-tion is searched through personal contacts with bank specialized staff. The primary criterion for bank selection is the existing cooperation with the bank, while recommendations by brokers, real estate contractors and lawyers are taken into consideration. Younger people are more well-disposed towards receiving financing for primary residence and land, while women are more posi-tive towards buying land. Employees and existing clients, mainly higher education graduates, could be easily approached through direct mail techniques. Informational brochures could contain reference on the advantages of investing in real estate and the possibilities offered on financing for purchasing secondary residence.
Thermocyclic deformation, annealing, and physical properties of low-carbon steel 10

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The results of the influence of thermocyclic forging and annealing in the range of 100 ÷ 900 °C on the microstructure, coercive force and linear expansion of steel 10. Hot cyclic forging was carried out on slabs 900×700×500 mm in size on the hydraulic press with a force of 20 MN under industrial conditions of ZSMK OJSC (Novokuznetsk). Subsequently, the billets were rolled on a 3 mm thick sheet at OAO NMZ (Novosibirsk). The use of preliminary thermocyclic deformation increases the coercive force by no more than 8%. The possibility of reducing the coercive force of sheet steel made using thermocyclic forging was shown to be almost 3 times lower than the initial untreated state due to subsequent annealing at 900 °C for 10 hours. In addition, this annealing mode reduces the average linear expansion temperature coefficient of sheet steel by 6% in the temperature range of the test 50-450 °C.
Molecular relaxations, molecular orientation, and the friction characteristics of polyimide films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The friction characteristics of polyimide films bonded to metallic substrates were studied from 25 to 500 C. These results were interpreted in terms of molecular orientation and thermomechanical data obtained by torsional braid analysis (TBA). A large friction transition was found to occur at 40 + or - 10 C in a dry argon atmosphere (10 ppm H2O). It was postulated that the mechanical stresses of sliding transform or reorder the molecules on the surface into a configuration conducive to easy shear, such as an extended chain. The molecular relaxation which occurs in this temperature region appears to give the molecules the necessary freedom for this reordering process to occur. The effects of velocity, reversibility, and thermal prehistory on the friction properties of polyimide were also studied.
Gait Detection from a Wrist-Worn Sensor Using Machine Learning Methods: A Daily Living Study in Older Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Remote assessment of the gait of older adults (OAs) during daily living using wrist-worn sensors has the potential to augment clinical care and mobility research. However, hand movements can degrade gait detection from wrist-sensor recordings. To address this challenge, we developed an anomaly detection algorithm and compared its performance to four previously published gait detection algorithms. Multiday accelerometer recordings from a wrist-worn and lower-back sensor (i.e., the “gold-standard” reference) were obtained in 30 OAs, 60% with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and the area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC) were used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. The anomaly detection algorithm obtained AUCs of 0.80 and 0.74 for OAs and PD, respectively, but AUPRCs of 0.23 and 0.31 for OAs and PD, respectively. The best performing detection algorithm, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), exhibited high AUCs (i.e., 0.94 for OAs and 0.89 for PD) but lower AUPRCs (i.e., 0.66 for OAs and 0.60 for PD), indicating trade-offs between precision and recall. When choosing a classification threshold of 0.9 (i.e., opting for high precision) for the DCNN algorithm, strong correlations (r > 0.8) were observed between daily living walking time estimates based on the lower-back (reference) sensor and the wrist sensor. Further, gait quality measures were significantly different in OAs and PD compared to healthy adults. These results demonstrate that daily living gait can be quantified using a wrist-worn sensor.
2-Amino-1,8-naphthyridine Dimer (ANP77), a High-Affinity Binder to the Internal Loops of C/CC and T/CC Sites in Double-Stranded DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Small molecules targeting DNA regions with structural fluctuation are an important class of molecule as chemical probes for studying the role of these structures in biological systems and the development of neurological disorders. The molecule ANP77 we described here, where a three-atom linker connects two 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridines at the C7 position, was found to form stacked structure with protonation of naphthyridine at low pH, and bound to the internal loop consisting of C/CC and T/CC in double-stranded DNA with affinities of 4.8 and 34.4 nM, respectively. Mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry analyses determined the stoichiometry for the binding as 1:1, and chemical footprinting with permanganate and NMR structural analysis revealed that the T in the T/CC was forced to flip out toward an extrahelical position upon ANP77 binding. Protonated stacked ANP77 interacted with two adjacent cytosines through hydrogen bonding and occupied the position in the duplex by flipping out the C or T opposite CC. Finally, this study demonstrated the potential of ANP77 for binding to the sequences of biological significance with the TG(T/C)CC repeat of the PIG3 promoter and the telomere repeat CCCTAA.