jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P05 Body iron stores and metabolic syndrome: cross sectional study in a UK population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> An association has been described between elevated ferritin (the major iron storage protein) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several populations. However there are limited data on this association in the UK population. We investigated whether ferritin levels were associated with MetS and its components in participants in the Viking Health Study – Shetland (VHSS). </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> The analysis was conducted using data collected between 2013 and 2015 for 2047 individuals from the Shetland Islands (589 premenopausal women, 625 postmenopausal women, and 833 men) of 18–93 years of age. Ferritin levels were categorised into sex/menopausal specific quartiles and cut- points from the consensus definition of MetS and the interim joint statement definition of MetS was used to define risk factors. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, fibrinogen levels, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> Median (inter-quartile ranges) were 51 (38.9–63.2) years for age, and 56 (29–97) µg/L for ferritin. Prevalence of risk factors were: high waist circumference (HWC) 66.7 %, low HDL-cholesterol (LHDL) 17.1%, high glucose (HG) 7.2%, high triglycerides (HT) 11.9% and high blood pressure (HBP), 50.4% and prevalence of MetS (having three or more of the previous risk factors) was 18%. In un-adjusted models, the highest compared with the lowest quartile of ferritin was associated with HT and HWC in post-menopausal women (P < 0.05) and with all of the risk factors (except HBP) in men (P < 0.05). In men the crude OR for MetS for the highest compared to the lowest quartile of ferritin was 2.15 (1.36–3.41) (P < 0.001) but the fully adjusted OR was 1.43 (0.83–2.46) (P = 0.207). The association between ferritin and MetS was not statistically significant in either group of women in crude or adjusted analyses. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> Ferritin levels were not independently associated with MetS in this population. The analysis confirms our previous findings of the lack of an independent association between increased ferritin and some MetS components (LHDL, HBP and HWC) among participants in Scottish Health Surveys 1995–1998. The contrasting findings with previous studies, suggest that the ferritin-MetS association could differ between populations, possibly related to differences in distribution of ferritin and a threshold effect. </sec>
A Case of Adenoma in the Choledochus that was Treated by Polypectomy during Cholangioscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は57歳, 女性。腹部超音波検査 (US) で胆嚢結石が, 経口経静脈的胆道造影 (OC-DIC) で総胆管内に透亮像が認められたため入院となった。内視鏡下超音波検査 (EUS) などの所見から, 総胆管内の透亮像は直径約9mmの有茎性ポリープであると診断した。胆嚢摘出術施行時に胆道鏡検査を行ったところ, 下部胆管に有茎性で表面平滑のポリープが認められた。癌は否定的であったため胆道鏡下にポリペクトミーを施行し手術を終了した。切除標本の病理組織学的所見から総胆管腺腫と診断した。術後経過は良好で, 2年10カ月経過した現在でも再発の兆候はない。総胆管ポリープが疑われた場合には, EUSを施行することにより, 診断の手がかりとなる多くの情報を得ることができる。さらに, 胆道鏡検査を行えば質的診断が可能となるだけでなく, 症例によってはポリペクトミーのみで治療が完了する。
Microscopic polyangiitis: Diagnostic challenges and pulmonary manifestations: A case study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that primarily affects small-caliber vessels. Previous studies have reported a pulmonary involvement frequency of 22% to 29%. Glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage are common features. It is usually associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO), which are considered pathogenic. The presence of positive p-ANCA is a guiding element in the diagnosis of MPA. We provide a detailed description of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and treatment of MPA in a 62-year-old man who presented with alveolar hemorrhage but no renal involvement. The treatment included the use of high-dose corticosteroids to suppress the autoimmune response. Life-threatening or organ-threatening diseases are treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide (in bolus). If renal function is preserved, methotrexate may be considered to induce remission, and maintenance therapy is recommended with azathioprine, while mycophenolate mofetil can be used as a second-line medication.
Endothelial-Specific Expression of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Promotes Ischemia-Mediated Arteriogenesis and Angiogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective— Thioredoxin-2 (Trx2), a major antioxidant protein in mitochondria, enhances nitric oxide bioavailability and inhibits ASK1-dependent apoptosis in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the in vivo role of Trx2 in angiogenesis has not been defined. Here we used EC-specific transgenesis of Trx2 (Trx2-TG) in mice to determine the in vivo function of Trx2 in arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods and Results— In a femoral artery ligation model, Trx2-TG mice had enhanced capacity in limb perfusion recovery and ischemic reserve capacity compared to the nontransgenic littermates. Ischemia-initiated arteriogenesis in the upper limb was augmented in Trx2-TG mice. Trx2-TG mice also showed significantly enhanced capillary formation and maturation in the lower limb. In nontransgenic limb, ischemia specifically induced a downregulation of Trx2 protein, leading to increased oxidative stress, ASK1 activation, and EC apoptosis. In contrast, Trx2-TG maintained a constitutive level of Trx2, reducing the ischemia-in...
The bone flare phenomenon during the treatment of bone metastases of lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The bone flare phenomenon, defined as an increase in bone lesion activity, is a kind of benign bone change in response to ongoing tumor treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time, incidence, and clinical significance of bone flare in lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases, as well as to observe the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase ALP and serum calcium Ca^2+ in patients with bone flare phenomenon. Methods Fifty-seven patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who participated in the anti-tumor clinical trials from December 2017 to December 2019 in Linyi Cancer Hospital were included in the study. The CT (computed tomography, CT) images, serum ALP and Ca^2+ from all patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among a total of 57 patients, 28 were male, and 29 were female. The median age was 62 years (33–75 years), and 30 of them had bone metastases at baseline. Forty-six EGFR negative patients received platinum-based dual-drug chemotherapy or bevacizumab or combined with PD-1 antibody inhibitors, and 11 EGFR positive patients received targeted EGFR inhibitors. The bone flare was detected in 7 out of 30 patients with bone metastases at baseline (5 patients in the combined chemotherapy group and two patients in the targeted treatment group). The incidence of bone flare was 23.33% (7 / 30). The median time was 45 days after treatment (from 41 days to 120 days), and most of them occurred in the early stages of the treatment.
CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Thoracic Blast Exposure-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Brain through the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blast exposure is a worldwide public health concern, but most related research has been focused on direct injury. Thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma is a type of indirect injuries where research is lacking. As CD28 stimulates T cell activation and survival and contributes to inflammation initiation, it may play a role in thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma. However, it has not been investigated. To explore the effects of CD28 on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury and its potential molecular mechanisms, a mouse model of thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury was established. Fifty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and fifty CD28 knockout (CD28 -/- ) mice were randomly divided into five groups (one control group and four model groups), with ten mice (from each of the two models) for each group. Lung and brain tissue and serum samples were collected at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week after thoracic blast exposure. Histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of inflammatory-related factors were detected by ELISA. Oxidative stress in the brain tissue was evaluated by determining the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expressions of thioredoxin (TRX), malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD-1, and SOD-2. Apoptosis in the brain tissue was evaluated by TUNEL staining and the levels of Bax, Bcl-xL, Bad, Cytochrome C, and caspase-3. In addition, proteins of related pathways were also studied by western blotting and immunofluorescence. We found that CD28 deficiency significantly reduced thoracic blast exposure-induced histopathological changes and decreased the levels of inflammatory-related factors, including IL-1 β , TNF- α , and S100 β . In the brain tissue, CD28 deficiency also significantly attenuated thoracic blast exposure-induced generation of ROS and expressions of MDA, TRX, SOD-1, and SOD-2; lowered the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Cytochrome C, and Bad; and maintained Bcl-xL expression. Additionally, CD28 deficiency significantly ameliorated thoracic blast exposure-induced increases of p-PI3K and Keap1 and the decrease of Nrf2 expression in the brain. Our results indicate that CD28 deficiency has a protective effect on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury that might be associated with the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
Fatal hepatotoxicity induced by hydralazine or labetalol.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antihypertensive agents have been associated with adverse reactions that, if unrecognized by health practitioners, may have devastating consequences. The pattern of hepatotoxicity observed during therapy with the vasodilator hydralazine is highly variable, often making its diagnosis difficult. Serious hepatic injury induced by the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist labetalol has only recently been reported and therefore, many clinicians may be unaware of this adverse effect. Familiarity with the clinical features and course of hydralazine- and labetalol-induced hepatic injury is necessary to ensure prompt recognition and discontinuation of the agent.
Two New Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Tripterygium wilfordiiHook. f.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two new abietane‐type diterpenoids, named triptobenzene R ( 1 ) and triptobenzene S ( 2 ), together with three known abietane‐type diterpenoids, triptophenolide ( 3 ), triptonodiol ( 4 ), and triptonoterpene methyl ether ( 5 ), were isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook . f. Their structures and relative configurations were established by detailed spectral studies, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and HR‐ESI‐TOF‐MS, and by comparison with published data. Their absolute configurations were assigned by the CD technique, applied for the first time to abietane diterpenes from Tripterygium wilfordii. Compound 2 is the first abietane‐type norditerpenoid isolated from the genus Tripterygium.
Nutritional support of malnourished lactose intolerant African patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effectiveness of two commonly available liquid diets was assessed in 40 severely malnourished black African patients. All patients were shown to have normal xylose absorption. The diets were given according to the manufacturer's recommendations. One diet was lactose containing (LC diet) (150 g/d) and high protein (112 g/d), the other normal protein and lactose free (LF diet) (protein 67 g/d), total energy content being similar. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups and allocated (blind) to one of the diets. Tolerance and nitrogen balance were assessed over two three day periods on half and then full strength formulations. Severe intolerant symptoms were observed in 50% of patients on half strength and 94% of patients on full strength lactose containing diet with evidence of malabsorption of fluid, nitrogen, and fat. Despite high stool nitrogen losses (3.75 +/- 1.04 g/d), however, positive nitrogen balance was achieved in most patients receiving the full strength LC formulation. On the other hand, the full strength LF diet was generally well tolerated and was associated with significantly lower faecal losses and positive nitrogen balance. The results indicate that high density lactose containing liquid formulae are poorly tolerated by severely malnourished black African patients, while lactose free formulae containing approximately 10 g nitrogen/d are well tolerated and result in positive nitrogen balance.
Evaluation of Local Spices as Biopesticides for the Control of Ootheca mutabilis, Shalbera and Clavigralla tomentosicollis (Stal.) on Cultivated Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted at the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the impact of aqueous extracts of five local spices as biopesticides for the control of O. mutabilis and C. tomentosicollis on cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The spices evaluated were Capsicum annum L., Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal), Piper guineense Schum and Thonn, Allium sativum L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The extracts were applied at 3, 4 and 5% concentrations, respectively to study toxicity, repellency, pod and leaf damage as well as grain yield. The experiment was designed as a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Results obtained showed that the biopesticides significantly (P<0.05) reduced insect population, offered greater protection and promoted better grain yield compared to the control. However, amongst the spices, P. guineense consistently induced greater protection by bringing down the population of insects and promoting grain yield. The promising use of spices as biopesticides is discussed since they are available local resources for poor farmers and are environmentally friendly options for pest control.
[Transplacental blastomogenic effect of p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Transplacental administration of tyrosine metabolite p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid having blastomogenic activity induced development of malignant and benign neoplasms (leukemias and lymphosarcomas, adenomas and pulmonary carcinoma, hepatomas, papillomas, and cancer of the urinary bladder and other tumours) in progeny of CC57BR and C57BL mouse strains, in 88 and 78% of cases, respectively. The number of neoplasms was significantly higher, than in the control, they appeared earlier and were of more malignant character. The role of endogenous blastomogenic substances in the development of leukemias in the newborn and yound children is discussed.
The influence of diameter ratio on the output performance of piezoelectric energy harvester with double interference effect

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract At present, it is very popular to obtain energy from environmental vibration to continuously supply power to small sensors. However, most of the current research focuses on either one or two cylinders. The research on the tandem arrangement of three cylinders is still insufficient. In this paper, a double-interference-effect energy harvester based on wake excitation is proposed. Three distinct diameters of downstream interference columns were tested. Wind tunnel experiments revealed that, within a specific wind speed range, the non-interference column achieved a peak output voltage of 1,132.065 mV, while the 60 mm interference column reached a maximum output of 1,162.712 mV. Furthermore, the maximum output voltage of the downstream interference column with a diameter of 60 mm can reach 1,162.712 mV.
BRAZILIAN TAX STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON GENDER INEQUALITIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to analyze whether the Brazilian tax model reinforces gender and class inequalities in the country. To do so, in addition to conducting a theoretical review, we analyze data from the Household Budget Survey (2017-2018) and the 2020 Brazilian income tax return. We conclude that the Brazilian tax structure reinforces gender and class inequalities in the country. Female taxpayers pay higher rates of income taxes and female-headed households pay higher rates of indirect taxes, whereas the totality of direct taxes show a higher tax incidence in male-headed households. As for the distribution of taxes by class, the analysis carried out by income decile indicates that families in the lowest decile pay the highest indirect and total tax burden when compared to all other deciles. The total direct tax burden falls more on families at the top but remains less than 10%, indicating the strong tax regressivity of Brazil.
Polyakov-like approach to the modified gravity and other geometric theories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the procedure that allows to rewrite the actions of some modified gravity theories like mimetic gravity and Regge–Teitelboim embedding theory as Einstein–Hilbert actions with additional matter contributions. It turns out that this procedure can be applied to brane action, which leads to a polynomial brane action. We also examine the connection between this procedure and Polyakov trick in string theory.
Optimization of Chemical Composition of the Mould Powder for Casting Ø 170 mm Billets from C45 Steel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Physico-chemical properties of mould powders and assumed casting parameters for the particular steel grade influence the way of lubricating the surface of the skin of concast billets formed in the mould, as well as heat transfer along its circumference. The paper presents research which main aim was to improve the surface quality of continuous casting round billets (Ø 170 mm) cast from C45 steel. Improvement of the surface quality can be obtained by designing the chemical composition of mould powder for local casting conditions and the technical and technological parameters of CC equipment. Based on the experimental casting from C45 medium carbon steel it was found that there are relationships between the physicochemical properties of mould powder and intensity of skin lubrication and heat transmission to the mould wall.
Trace Anomaly in Metric-Affine gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explore the trace (Weyl) anomaly within a general metric-affine geometry that includes both torsion and nonmetricity. Using the Heat Kernel method and Seeley's algorithm, we compute the Minakshisundaram coefficients for arbitrary spacetimes within this framework, incorporating the effects of the nonmetricity and torsion tensors for the first time. We then determine the corrections to the trace anomaly at one loop for the matter sector in theories invariant under conformal transformation, frame rescaling transformation, and projective transformation. We identify a new anomaly related to hypermomentum, arising from the dilation part mediated by the Weyl component of nonmetricity. As particular cases, we analyze the spin $0$ and spin $1/2$ cases, considering various couplings between matter and the gravitational sector. We demonstrate that invariance under the frame rescaling transformation results in an anomaly in the relationship between the hypermomentum and the stress-energy tensor. In contrast, under the projective transformation, no anomaly is present; specifically, there is no non-zero trace of the hypermomentum tensor in any of our concrete examples.
Health Enhancement in Montana: Is the Glass Half-Empty or Half Full?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

According to Sondag, Curry and Thomas (1997), the condition of health enhancement in Montana Public Schools is suspect. Due to the results of their survey, they concluded that “. . . (there exists) minimal support for Health Enhancement in theory or practice.” in Montana. They concluded the prospects of success for the health enhancement movement were, at best, limited. The purpose of this article is to rebut the conclusions of Sondag, Curry and Thomas (1997) by discussing new data gathered through Project Heart. This federally funded program was designed to provide Montana teachers, administrators, and community members with both the philosophical basis of and practical knowledge in health enhancement. The authors believe that when it comes to health enhancement in Montana, the ‘glass is NOT half empty, but more than half full.’ Change of any magnitude never occurs rapidly. However, to have over one-third of the school districts adopt the title, Health Enhancement, as reported by Sondag, et al, in the first year is not negative> but an encouraging indicator of a positive attitude toward change. In addition, Sondag, et al reported 54.5% (of the teachers) had not attended any workshops related to Health Enhancement. That means that nearly half had. This is a prime example of selective interpretation. . . is the glass half full or half empty? Finally, if there is one thing that moves slower than curriculum change in the pub lie schools, it is curricular change at colleges and universities. Even if there is unanimous agreement among university faculty, which is highly unrealistic, change requires two to four years, or two catalog cycles, for new classes to be required.
Automatic Acne Classification using VISIA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Acne is an incredibly common skin condition caused by oil from clog hair follicles and dead skin. It is usually found in adolescence to young adulthood and may affects people of all ages. The diagnosis of acne usually requires manual examination by a well-trained dermatologist, which can take a lot of effort. Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic classification algorithm for acne lesion. However, due to the lack of proper imaging method, acne-specific facial image analysis is still a difficult task. To address this issue we propose a novel approach using high-definite VISIA image. By incorporating better image and better models, an overall accuracy above 80% is achieved on a large-scale dataset consists of more than one thousand people. The results imply that automatic acne classification is a promising direction.
A Novel Disassembly Strategy of Hexagonal Screws Based on Robot Vision and Robot-Tool Cooperated Motion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Disassembly plays an important role in the production process. Screw automatic unfastening guided by a robot has been widely used in the fields of industrial manufacturing and maintenance. Different from the previous studies that have used a flexible effector and expensive sensors, this paper presents a novel unfastening strategy based on robot vision for a hexagonal screw with an arbitrary loose state. In a robotic system, an industrial camera and a servo unfastening tool are installed at a robotic end-effector. The main contributions of this work are as follows. A camera pose adjustment method is proposed to obtain high-quality images of a target screw. The hexagonal screw pose calculation method based on the geometric analysis is developed to complete the screw–tool engagement. The cooperated motion of a robot and an unfastening tool is planned for the screw unfastening action. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by experiments, and the influence of the motion speed on the unfastening quality is analyzed using the torque data collected by the unfastening tool. The analysis results can provide a significant foundation for the motion parameter selection in the proposed strategy.