jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The temporal lobe agenesis syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality. This syndrome frequently has been described in association with arachnoid cysts or abnormal collections of cerebrospinal fluid. Arachnoid cysts develop most frequently in the middle cranial fossa and almost all these cysts are unilateral. Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts are extremely rare and only 9 cases have been reported in the literature. We present an adult case with bilateral arachnoid cysts and temporal lobe agenesis whose mental examination and neurologic assessment is normal. The cysts are demonstrated by CT and metrizamid CT cysternography.
Expectation of outgroup behaviour: can you trust the outgroup?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Outgroups are usually viewed with suspicion and expected to discriminate against the ingroup. The present study demonstrated that ingroup members attributed past discriminatory behaviour committed by individuals of unknown group membership more to outgroup members than to either ingroup members or members of a neutral group. In contrast, past egalitarian behaviour was attributed less to outgroup members than to members of a neutral group. Ingroup members also expected more discrimination from a future outgroup allocator than from a future neutral group allocator. Finally, the study showed that ingroup members' own behaviour in allocating money became more biased in favour of ingroup members vis-á-vis outgroup members when the future allocator was from an outgroup rather than from a neutral group and when they had witnessed the discriminatory behaviour of an allocator in the past.
Effects of Doubled Atmospheric CO_2 Concentration on Sugar Accumulation of Different organs in Lycium barbarum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taking Lycium barbarum seedling as research material,and using open-top chamber to control CO2 concentration,we studied the changes of sugar content in different organs of L.barbarumto analyze the sugar accumulation under doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations.The results followed that doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration had no significant effect on the sugar content in the seedling stem and root, but the treatment reduced the fructose content in leaf,starch and sucrose contents in fruit significantly. Moreover,the treatment increased the content of fruit starch significantly.
New emphases in demographic research after Bucharest?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article assesses the extent to which demographic research has been affected by the World Population Conference at Bucharest. The broadening of the scope of the population concept brought about at Bucharest is discussed and 7 major points established there are listed. The 3 main sources of demographic data, censuses, vital statistics, and surveys, are examined to determine to what extent they are adaptable to the need for enlargement called for by the Conference. It is suggested that a "demographic observatory" be established to monitor not just fertility but all the population variables as set forth in the World Population Plan of Action. Needed research in fertility studies, morbidity and mortality, international migration, internal migration and rural development, population and development, projections, integration of population in economic planning, and other areas is indicated. In the future, attempts to explain population phenomena will need to go beyond demography itself, and this will call for true interdisciplinary cooperation in place of narrow specialization. Reorganization of research is needed, and a determined effort is necessary to establish new directions while protecting the freedom, scientific neutrality, and structures of the disciplines.
Treatment of herpes zoster with botanical interventions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rationale: Herpes zoster or shingles is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus which lays dormant in the ganglia after a primary infection with varicella, most commonly known as chickenpox. Approximately 1 in 3 people in the United States will develop shingles in their lifetime. Patient concerns and diagnosis: A 26-year-old Caucasian female presented with a diagnosis of herpes zoster with small lesions on her mid-right abdomen and large weeping lesions on her mid-left abdomen and back with physical complaints of severe burning, pain and itching. Interventions: An alternative, botanical based topical therapy was used in this case including extracts of Melissa officinalis , Hypericum perforatum, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Lavandula officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Sarracenia spp. prepared in a Versabase gel preparation. Outcomes: Notably during the first few days of topical treatment, substantial improvement was observed regarding lesion size, lesion number and pain level. Lessons: This case demonstrates the potential efficacy of a topical botanical formulation for the treatment of an active herpes zoster outbreak.
Selected solutions of environmentally- friendly urban transport systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The article is related to urban transport systems. The authors focus on solutions that will positively influence the problem of excessive noise or pollution generated in cities through transport activities. They refer to existing single initiatives, but also demonstrate the need for complex solutions that integrate solutions into a single system that enables the use of various means of transport through organizational and ICT solutions. The aim of the article was to present a review of selected solutions that could reduce the harmful effects of transport, which can be used to improve the environmental performance of urban transport systems.
Validation of the Attention, Memory, and Frontal-Executive Abilities Screening Test (AMFAST) in children, adolescents, and young adults with complex medical conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to validate the Attention, Memory, and Frontal-Executive Abilities Screening Test (AMFAST) in a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults with complex medical conditions characterized by frontal-subcortical dysfunction. Toward this goal, we first report on scoring corrections to the AMFAST for younger participants (ages 8-10), thereby expanding its use beyond the age range (i.e., ages 11+) that we had validated in our previous study. We then examined the diagnostic utility of the AMFAST at identifying different levels of neurocognitive dysfunction in a clinical sample of 61 children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 8-20) with complex medical conditions who also underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing. We identified two AMFAST cutoff scores; one that optimally distinguished participants with significant neurocognitive dysfunction from non-impaired participants and another that differentiated participants with more subtle, mild neurocognitive dysfunction from non-impaired participants. These findings demonstrate that the AMFAST is a highly effective screening test that can be used to identify varying levels of frontal-subcortical deficits in younger patient populations.
THE PASSAGE RATE OF RICE STRAW DIET THROUGH THE RUMEN OF SHEEP AND METHODS FOR IMPROVEMENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three rumen-fistulated wethers were used to study the ruminal rate of passage of rice straw diet(kp),its relationship with the intake,and ef— fects on the kp of different treatments.The dry matter intake of rice straw diet was significantly correlated with the kp(r=0.84***,Se=0.30), indicating that rice straw intake will increase with the increased ruminal rate of passage.The kp was relatively low(on average,1.52%/h)when rice straw was given alone,slightly increased by either soybean meal suplementation or sodium hydroxide treatment.Supplementation of alkali-treated rice straw with soybean meal greatly increased the kp(P0.01).These results suggest that both nitrogen supplementation and alkali treatment will improve the kp,and increase the intake of rice straw diet.
Regulation and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Two major subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been identified in the nervous system. One site is bound by $ alpha$-bungarotoxin ($ alpha$-BGT), while the other has a higher affinity for agonists and does not bind the $ alpha$-toxin. Muscle nAChRs, which also bind $ alpha$-BGT, had been reported to be sensitive to a thymus-derived polypeptide, thymopoietin (TPO). The present work was therefore done to determine whether this agent might also interact with the different nAChR populations in neuronal cells.
Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1 and carcinoembryonic antigen combination assay as a biomarker of tumour progression and treatment response in extramammary Paget disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combination of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 is useful for predicting metastasis and treatment response in patients with EMPD, especially in those who only have elevation of a single marker. What's already known about this topic? Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokine 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) have been shown to be elevated in patients with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). Elevation of serum CEA levels is associated with tumour progression of EMPD. A single small study reported that serum CYFRA 21-1 levels are elevated in patients with EMPD with lymph node metastasis. What does this study add? Serum CEA and CYFRA 21-1 were present in 79% and 63% of 19 cases of metastatic EMPD, respectively. Elevations of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 were statistically independent. CEA and CYFRA 21-1 combination assays were positive in 95% of cases of metastatic EMPD. What is the translational message? Combination assays with CEA and CYFRA 21-1 are useful for monitoring treatment response in patients with metastatic EMPD, particularly in those with elevation of either marker.
Development of a Low Cost, Renewable Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Skills Trainer (ESSST)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

While otolaryngology (ORL) bootcamps are being increasingly utilized for resident education, many simulators are prohibitively expensive or complicated to construct. We constructed and validated a novel low cost and low fidelity endoscopic sinus surgery skills trainer (ESSST). After construction, participants were divided into 3 groups based on endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) experience. The study participants were asked to perform 3 tasks. Their performance was videotaped and subsequently blindly evaluated by two rhinologists. Each task was scored based on performance and economy of motion using a standard scoring sheet. A one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey Tests were used to determine if there was a significant difference in performance of the 3 groups. The data suggests that skill and experience with ESS directly translates to the simulator, supporting that the ESSST is low cost, validated, renewable and a useful adjunct to higher fidelity simulators.
Conservation Laws and Nonlocally Related Systems of Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Local conservation laws, potential systems, and nonlocal conservation laws are systematically computed for three-equilibrium two-component boundary layer models that describe different physical situations: a plate flow, a flow parallel to the axis of a circular cylinder, and a radial jet striking a planar wall. First, local conservation laws of each model are computed using the direct method. For each of the three boundary layer models, two local conservation laws are found. The corresponding potential variables are introduced, and nonlocally related potential systems and subsystems are formed. Then nonlocal conservation laws are sought, arising as local conservation laws of nonlocally related systems. For each of the three physical models, similar nonlocal conservation laws arise. Further nonlocal variables that lead to further potential systems are considered. Trees of nonlocally related systems are constructed; their structure coincides for all three models. The three boundary layer models considered in this work provide rich and interesting examples of the construction of trees of nonlocally related systems. In particular, the trees involve spectral potential systems depending on a parameter; these spectral potential systems lead to nonlocal conservation laws. Moreover, potential variables that are not locally related on solution sets of some potential systems become local functions of each other on solution sets of other systems. The point symmetry analysis shows that the plate and radial jet flow models possess infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of point symmetries, whereas the Lie algebra of point symmetries for the cylinder flow model is three-dimensional. The computation of nonlocal symmetries reveals none that arise for the original model equations, which is common for partial differential equations (PDE) systems without constitutive parameters or functions, but does reveal nonlocal symmetries for some nonlocally related PDE systems.
Comment on egusphere-2023-447

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In a context of global warming and sea level rise acceleration, it is key to estimate the evolution of the atmospheric hydrological cycle and temperature in the polar regions, which directly influence the surface mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. Direct observations are available from satellite data for the last 40 years and a few weather data since the 50’s in Antarctica. One of the best ways to access longer records is to use climate proxies in firn or ice cores. The water isotopic composition in these cores is widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations. In order to progress in our understanding of the influence of the atmospheric hydrological cycle on the water isotopic composition, we first present a 2-year long time series of vapor and precipitation isotopic composition measurement at Dumont d’Urville station, in Adélie Land. We characterize diurnal variations of meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity and δ18O) for the different seasons and to determine the evolution of key relationships (δ18O versus temperature or humidity) along the year: we found mean annual slopes of 0.5 and 0.4 ‰ °C−1 for the relationship of δ18O vs. temperature in the water vapor and in the precipitation respectively. Then, this data set is used to evaluate the Atmospheric General Circulation Model ECHAM6-wiso (model version with embedded water stable isotopes) in a region where local conditions are controlled by strong katabatic winds which directly impact the isotopic signal. We show that a combination of continental (79 %) and oceanic (21 %) grid cells leads model outputs (temperature, humidity and δ18O) to nicely fit the observations, even winter extreme synoptic events are represented in the model. Therefore we demonstrate the added value of long-term water vapor isotopic composition records. Then, as a clear link is found between water vapor and precipitation isotopic composition, we evaluate how isotopic enabled models can help interpreting short firn cores.
Intellectual Intelligence and Learning Experience Have No Effect on the Self Directed Learning Readiness of Students on the Medical Education Study Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Self directed learning readiness has an important role in determining student academic achievement. The analysis of intellectual intelligence and learning experience as affecting factors on self directed learning readiness of medical education students on University of Islam Malang is still unknown, therefore it needs to be researched for the better educational development strategies. The University of Islam Malang's Faculty of Medicine conducted cross-sectional descriptive analytic research with 174 eligible students as a sample. The Intelligenz Struktur test was used to assess IQ. The sum of the semester credit hours was used to examine the tes and learning experiences. A questionnaire called the Self-Directed Learning Instrument was used to gauge the level of preparedness for self-directed learning. A p-value less than 0.05 was deemed significant when the data was examined. Out of 135 pupils, 77.6% were very prepared to learn independently, whereas 2 students, or 1.1%, were not at all prepared. kids with high IQ were shown to be 1.1% prepared to learn independently, but kids with low IQ were not at all prepared to do so. Of the pupils surveyed, 63 had high levels of learning experience (46.7%) and 72 had low levels of it (41.4%), indicating a high level of self-directed learning preparation. According to the spearman correlation test, there is a weak link between self-directed learning readiness and both intellectual intelligence and learning experience (r = -0.088 and r = -0.023, respectively). Results from the ordinal logistic regression test showed that IQ had no significant effect on self-directed learning readiness (p = 0.206) and that prior learning experience had no effect on self directed learning readiness (p = 0.855). Intellectual intelligence and learning experience have no effect on students’ self directed learning readiness.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Outcomes in Patients with Acute Erythroleukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute erythroleukemia (AEL) is an aggressive neoplasm with a median survival of < 12 months. Outcomes are better with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT) however; most studies were based on the FAB (≥ 30% myeloblasts) classification. There have been no studies to date, reassessing clinical outcomes, using the 2008 WHO definition (Swederlow et al. 2008).We carried out this study to specifically answer this question. After IRB approval, the acute leukemia database (923 patients) at the Mayo Clinic was queried for AEL. 43(4.6%) pts met the 2008 WHO criteria. Bone marrow biopsy slides, cytogenetics and clinical characteristics were retrospectively reviewed. Cytogenetic risk stratification was based on the NCCN AML guidelines. Standard statistical analyses were carried out. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years (27-90) and 34(79%) were male. 30(69%) had M6a and 13 (30%) had M6b. 27(62%) had de novo AML while 16 (37%) had secondary AML (9 MDS and 7 therapy related). The median time to leukemic transformation for pts with MDS was 8 months (2-83). Median follow up in our cohort was 7.2 months (2-157) at which time 13(30%) deaths were documented. A. Patient characteristics: At diagnosis median laboratory values included; Hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL (4.6-11), WBC 2x1010 (0.7-11.1), ANC 0.47x1010 (0.01-4.07), Platelet 33x 1010 (7-177), peripheral blast % 2 (0-35), and bone marrow blast % 11 (0-84). Cytogenetic information was available in 38 pts; of which 6(16%) were diploid, 21(55%) were complex/monosomal and 1(3%) was complex/non monosomal. Intermediate risk cytogenetic was observed in 15 pts (39%), and poor risk cytogenetics were identified in 23(61%). Patients with AML-M6a were more likely to have neutropenia and a higher bone marrow blast %, in comparison to those with AML-M6b (p 0.047 & 0.0027 respectively). None of the patients had extramedullary disease or CNS involvement. B. Stem Cell Transplant Characteristics: Of the 43 pts, 7 received best supportive care, and of the pts who received chemotherapy, 13 achieved CR1, and 4 achieved CR2. Of these 10(77%) and 2(50%) underwent HCT (autologous-1, allogeneic-11; 3-MRD and 8-MUD). Conditioning regimens included; Flu/Mel-6, Flu/Bu-1 (RIC), and Cy TBI-5 (MA). C. Stem Cell Transplant Outcome: Median survival from transplant was 66 months (2.6-NR) during which time 6 deaths occurred (2 related to relapse; both in CR2 at time of HCT). Incidence of acute GVHD (all grades) was 50% and chronic GVHD 33%. HCT improved overall survival with a median of 89 months (9.4-NR), compared to 5 months (2.1-10.9) for those who did not undergo HCT (p 0.0031) (Figure1). Acute Erythroid Leukemia is rare and had a prevalence of ∼5% in our AML cohort. Due to age and the refractory nature of the disease <30% of the patients were able to undergo HCT. For those that were able to, HCT was an effective strategy to help prolong the median overall survival.
The afterglow and kilonova of the short GRB 160821B

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract GRB 160821B is a short duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected and localized by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory in the outskirts of a spiral galaxy at z=0.1613, at a projected physical offset of ≈16 kpc from the galaxy’s center. We present X-ray, optical/nIR and radio observations of its counterpart and model them with two distinct components of emission: a standard afterglow, arising from the interaction of the relativistic jet with the surrounding medium, and a kilonova, powered by the radioactive decay of the sub-relativistic ejecta. Broadband modeling of the afterglow data reveals a weak reverse shock propagating backward into the jet, and a likely jet-break at ≈3.5 d. This is consistent with a structured jet seen slightly off-axis (θview ∼ θcore) while expanding into a low-density medium (n ≈ 10−3 cm−3). Analysis of the kilonova properties suggests a rapid evolution toward red colors, similar to AT2017gfo, and a low nIR luminosity, possibly due to the presence of a long-lived neutron star. The global properties of the environment, the inferred low mass (Mej ≲ 0.006 M⊙) and velocities (vej ≳ 0.05c) of lanthanide-rich ejecta are consistent with a binary neutron star merger progenitor.
Predicting Wildfire Susceptibility in Napa County, California using Machine Learning

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Wildfires have long been a part of the natural environment, however through climate change and increased human activity, they have become a significant problem to both humans and wildland. Stopping the expansion of wildfires would be critical in mitigating the dangerous outcomes of them. Firefighters stopping the spread of wildfires must know which parts of the environment are most vulnerable to the spread of wildfires, and vegetation is one of the key determining factors in the wildfire susceptibility of a given area. Previous works have used several different machine learning algorithms for the purpose of determining wildfire susceptibility. The algorithm used in this study for wildfire susceptibility prediction is a random forest applied to a vegetation dataset of Napa County, California provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). The random forest works by creating a set of decision trees to get an overall probability for each vegetation area. The model has a 91.7% accuracy in predicting wildfire burn probability in a vegetation area.