jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of extra immunization efforts on routine immunization at district level in Pakistan.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A study was made of the effects of extra immunization activities on routine immunization coverage at district level in Pakistan in a secondary analysis of data from UNICEF and the Pakistan national census. Linear regression analysis was made on data from 107 districts to estimate the effects of extra immunization efforts in the national neonatal tetanus programme on the coverage rate of the third dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT3) after controlling for other potential confounding factors. The districts that implemented extra national neonatal tetanus immunization were at risk of having lower routine DPT3 coverage than those that did not. Additional immunization efforts, without additional resources, may reduce the effect of the routine Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Healthcare Coverage Penetration and Its Influence on Economic Stability and Social Wellbeing Across Diverse Demographics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare insurance is a cornerstone in ensuring access to healthcare while promoting economic and social stability. This paper examines the global penetration of healthcare insurance and its multifaceted implications for economic development and social equity. Through an analysis of existing literature and data-driven insights, the study highlights regional disparities in healthcare insurance coverage and their effects on GDP growth, poverty alleviation, and the reduction of inequality. The findings emphasize the critical role of policy interventions in expanding healthcare insurance penetration as a means to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to overcome barriers and foster universal health coverage.
Pulmonary involvement in diabetes mellitus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus involves the lungs in the course of the complex phenomena it generates. Recent research in animal diabetes as well as in human diabetes demonstrated biochemical changes at the pulmonary level such as the suppression of anyline p-hydroxilase, the reduction of the activity of glutathione-peroxidase, the development of NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction, microsomal disorders, increased heparan sulphate at the level of the vascular basement membrane, increased levels of advanced glycation end-products and the derangement of bronchial mucus production by amyline. Structural modifications of the lung parenchyma were observed such as the narrowing of the alveolar space, the flattening of the alveolar epithelium and the expansion of the interstitium. Aside from the involvement of the pulmonary vessels there is the involvement of the basement membranes of the alveolar epithelium, the bronchial epithelium and the pulmonary capillaries. The consequences of local oxidative stress, the increased vascular permeability and the modifications in mucus secretion lead to the reduction of pulmonary volumes, pulmonary diffusion capacity, elastic recoil with involvement of restrictive lung disorders, diminished bronchial reactivity and diminished bronchodilatation. Data of pulmonary pathology obtained from patients as well as pulmonary involvement of children born of diabetic mothers are presented succinctly.
The impacts of super obesity versus morbid obesity on red blood cell aggregation and deformability among patients qualified for bariatric surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the obesity degree on red blood cell aggregation and deformability. We studied 56 obese patients before weight loss surgery who were divided into two groups: morbid obesity and super obesity. The aggregation and deformability of RBCs were evaluated using a Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer (Mechatronics, the Netherlands). The following parameters specific to the aggregation process were estimated: aggregation index (AI), aggregation half-time (t1/2) and threshold shear rate (γthr). RBC deformability was expressed as erythrocyte elongation (EI), which was measured at 18.49 Pa and 30.2 Pa shear stresses. Super obese patients presented significantly higher AI (P < 0.05) and γthr (P < 0.05) and significantly lower t1/2 (P < 0.05) compared with morbidly obese individuals. Multivariate analyses showed that fibrinogen (β 0.46, P < 0.01 and β 0.98, P < 0.01) and hematocrit (β 0.38, P < 0.05 and β 1.01, P < 0.01) independently predicted the AI in morbidly obese and super obese patients. Fibrinogen (β -0.4, P < 0.05 and β -0.91, P < 0.05) and hematocrit (β -0.38, P < 0.05 and β -1.11, P < 0.01) were also independent predictors of the t1/2 in both obese groups. The triglyceride level (β 0.32, P < 0.05) was an independent predictor of the t1/2 in the morbidly obese group. No differences in EI were observed between obese subjects. Multivariate analyses showed that the triglyceride level independently predicted EI at 18.49 Pa (β -0.42, P < 0.05 and β -0.53, P < 0.05) and 30.2 Pa (β -0.44, P < 0.01 and β -0.49, P < 0.05) in both obese groups. This study indicated that the obesity degree of patients who qualify for bariatric surgery affects RBC aggregation properties, but it does not indicate the reasons for this difference. Further studies are needed to determine factors associated with hyperaggregation in super obesity.
In Silico Investigation and Correlation of Hydrophobic Stretches in Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrophobic force is a key factor for the three-dimensional structure and stability that a protein will adopt. It is important to understand how hydrophobic interactions affect the protein folding process for a protein to become functional. In SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, spike protein serves as both the primary structural protein and a multifunctional protein. The authors aim to investigate the secondary structure of spike protein sequences of three primary coronaviruses corresponding to the stretches of consecutive hydrophobic amino acid residues by developing and implementing computer programs. Besides the primary sequences, similar investigations were carried out for other aligned sequences from different coronaviruses and source organisms. Understanding the potential impacts of hydrophobic amino acid residues in spike protein would be helpful to gain insight into its stability and thus, aid in the study of viral pathogenicity as well as their implications effects on immunogenicity and treatment.
Predisposing factors leading to child trauma. An analysis of specific versus non specific causes in motor vehicle and drowning fatalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In many Western countries, trauma is the chief cause of death in children aged one to 14 years. A large number of these deaths are the result of motor vehicle accidents of drowning. It is postulated that the causes of such trauma can be classified into non-specific, predetermining social factors; specific social factors; and acute triggers. Preventive strategies vary considerably for these three groups. Prevention is most cost-effective when directed against specific social factors. In this paper, data for childhood motor vehicle and drowning fatalities in Australia have been analysed and scored for non-specific social influences on childhood accidents such as overcrowding or poverty. This approach allows the ranking of different communities by risk. Motor vehicle accident ratios have been calculated, and these are sufficiently specific, by age and sex, to enable comparisons to be made in future with other communities.
PWE-006 The T-piece pull technique removal of PEG buried bumpers – a quick novel endoscopic technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) represents a rare, but potentially serious complication in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. In BBS there is a growth of the gastric mucosa over the inner bumper of the PEG tube, affecting 0.–% of PEG tubes. Options for the management of BBS include the insertion of a jejunal extension, surgical or endoscopic removal. Endoscopic removal represents the most attractive option as it is the least invasive procedure to remove the buried bumper (BB). Several endoscopic techniques have been described including endoscopic dissection (ESD) of the overgrown tissue, a "Push-pull T technique", or the use of a papillotome placed through the PEG tube to cut the overgrown tissue. The novel T-piece pull technique has been developed as a modification of the "Push-pull T technique" without the need for external support.

Methods

A prospectively kept database was analysed for all BBS patients undergoing the procedure between September 2016 to January 2019. Primary outcome measures were technical success, procedural times and adverse events. Secondary outcome measures were BB morphology based on Paris polyp classification and PEG dwell time.

Description of technique (Figure 1)

Following endoscopic assessment of the BB, the PEG tube is exposed and cleaned. The PEG tube is cut close to the abdominal wall. Biopsy forceps are passed through the PEG tube into the stomach under direct endoscopic vision. The forceps pull a 10mm snare passed down the biopsy channel of endoscope out of the stomach through the PEG tube. A 2cm piece of the redundant PEG tube is cut and placed through the snare and closed to create a t–piece. The snare is pulled firmly through the PEG into the stomach, removing the buried bumper.

Results

A total of 27 cases for BBS were undertaken with the T-Piece pull technique, on 18 females and 9 males with a mean age of 43 (range 1–8). The median PEG tubes dwell time was 14 months. Procedures were performed with conscious sedation in 19% and enhanced sedation with anaesthetic support in 81%. BB morphology was Paris 1s in 9, 2a in 16 and 2b in 2. The median procedure time was 18 minutes (range 1–5). The technical success was 93%. 2 failed procedures required surgical removal, both 2b lesions. Complications occurred in 2 cases, 1 episode of sepsis and 1 abdominal pain.

Discussion

This novel T-piece pull technique for the removal of BB is a simple endoscopic procedure, using equipment that is readily available in most endoscopy departments. The procedure time is much shorter than more complex endoscopic techniques, such as ESD. Lesions which have a 2b Paris classification indicate a deeply buried bumper and should be considered for a different approach to removal.
A-095 A New CO2 Assay with Concentrated Reagent Having Superior Onboard Stability on Mindray BS-2800M Analyzer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Measurement of total content of CO2 in serum or plasma can be used to assist in the diagnosis of various acid-base disorders. There are small amounts (about 0.04%) CO2 in the earth’s atmosphere, or more in an enclosed clinical laboratory space. The environmental CO2 could be dissolved into the CO2 reagent continuously, in particular at lowered temperature when it is opened and stored on the system, which leads an impact on CO2 assay performance. Presently, competitors mainly use additional inserts or with small opening of the reagent container to reduce the contact with air from reagent, to improve its onboard stability. Here, we designed a new CO2 assay by optimizing the reagent formulation with a new protection mechanism to reduce the amount of CO2 absorption to the reagent and improved its onboard stability. This study evaluated performances of the new CO2 assay on Mindray BS-2800M analyzer. Methods Mindray CO2 assay with concentrated reagent is based on PEPC (Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase) enzymatic method. It is designed with an innovative mechanism of reagent formulations with a protective layer of chemical(s) on top of the reagent that prevents CO2 from entering the reagent and reduced its impact to its on-board stability. The onboard stability was conducted with a constant reagent consumption mode to simulate as it in clinical lab use. The onboard study used two levels of Quality Control materials and serum pools. According to CLSI protocols, the following assay performances were evaluated: onboard stability, precision, method comparison, linearity, and interference. Results On Mindray BS-2800M analyzer, Mindray CO2 assay demonstrated an excellent onboard stability. With uncapped reagent on the system, the stability is for 21 days without recalibration, with less than ± 5% deviation from day zero. In parallel onboard stability studies, with Roche CO2 reagent on Cobas c701 system, the relative deviation from day zero was found to be within ±10%; and other three manufacturers` results with deviation exceeded ±10% vs. day zero in 7 days. The linearity of Mindray CO2 assay was determined as from 2.0 to 50.0 mmol/L. Our CO2 assay correlated well with Roche CO2 on Cobas c701 (Mindray = 1.0032 * Roche - 0.0186, r≥0.99). The repeatability and with-lab CVs were ranged from 0.64% to 3.41%, respectively. There was no significant interference (&lt;±10%), at CO2 concentration of 15 mmol/L with bilirubin up to 60 mg/dL,hemolysate up to 800 mg/dL, Intralipid up to 1000 mg/dL, triglycerides up to 1000 mg/dL. Conclusions On Mindray BS-2800M analyzer, the new CO2 assay demonstrated a good ability against environmental CO2 inference in 21 days of onboard time. The new CO2 assay also shown good performances in precision, correlation (accuracy) and anti-interference from endogenous substances. Therefore, we conclude that the new Mindray CO2 assay is suitable for routine clinical laboratory use.
The Educational and Academic Innovation of the Avionics Engineering Center

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Research directions for carrying out scientific works are presented within the Avionics Engineering Center at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The structure of Avionics Engineering Center is illustrated and prospective areas of working are highlighted. Methods on implementation of perspective scientific research and educational programs are developed for innovative development of the Avionics Engineering Center. Symbiosis of new developed programs allows training and getting a set of better quality specialists and innovative technologies in the defense and aerospace industry.
The determination of optimum process-controller settings and their confirmation by means of an electronic simulator

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Simplifying assumptions regarding the nature of certain types of continuous processes lead to transfer functions which are amenable to analysis. Criteria for optimum control based on the transient responses of such systems when under proportional plus derivative plus integral control are given.The effects of integral control at low frequencies are studied, and it is shown how conditional stability can be avoided when the process contains an integration. A low-frequency damped oscillation which can occur with three-term control is investigated, and the condition for its elimination is derived.An analytical method is developed which, for any given integral control setting, makes it possible to determine the optimum values for the two remaining controller settings. It is shown that the introduction of integral control allows an increase in the proportional control factor for the same degree of damping of the first normal mode of oscillation.Experimental results are given showing how an electronic simulator for process control has been used to confirm the results of the analyses and to assist in determining the optimum settings for integral control.For completeness, a brief description of an automatic-process-control system with definitions of the terms used is included in the paper.
PS-082 Drug related risk factors and falls in hospitalised older adults measured with an electronic incidence reporting system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Falls are a major cause of morbidity in older people, and a matter of concern in hospitals and long term care settings. Drugs may contribute to an increase in the risk of falling in these patients.

Purpose

To identify drug related risk factors associated with falls during hospital stay in older adults admitted to a medium stay hospital with an electronic error and adverse event reporting system.

Material and methods

This was a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted to our hospital in November 2015. Demographics and medication data were collected from electronic medical records, and falls were registered with an electronic incidence reporting system. Errors and adverse events related to care were reported by all health professionals of the hospital, and were analysed by the pharmacists. We assessed the incidence of falls in different groups regarding drug related variables: polypharmacy (≥5 chronic medications), hyperpolypharmacy (≥10), anticholinergic burden measured with the anticholinergic risk score (ARS) and STOPP criteria section K (drugs that predictably increase the risk of falls: benzodiazepines and neuroleptics).

Results

96 patients were included, mean age 82.3 years (SD=7.6); 66 (68.8%) were women. Mean length of hospital stay was 25.9 days (SD=11). 15 falls were reported (15.6% of patients); 5 of 33 patients from the convalescence unit (15.2%), 6/48 from the rehabilitation unit (12.5%) and 4/15 from the psychogeriatry unit (26.7%). Polymedicated patients fell more than non-polymedicated (13/74 (17.6%) vs 2/22 (9.1%) (p=0.508)) and also those with hyperpolypharmacy (7/29 (24.1%) vs 8/67 (11.9%) (p=0.131)). There were more falls in those with higher anticholinergic risk: low risk (ARS=0) 5 falls in 49 patients (10.2%); medium risk (ARS=1–2) 7/39 (17.9%); high risk (ARS ≥3) 3/8 (37.5%) (p=0.105). Patients taking benzodiazepines experienced more falls (11/62 (17.7%) vs 4/34 (11.8%) (p=0.440)) and also those taking neuroleptic drugs (5/23 (21.7%) vs 70/73 (13.7%) (p=0.354)). Statistical significance was not reached.

Conclusion

Polypharmacy, anticholinergic burden and STOPP criteria may be associated with a higher incidence of falls in older people admitted to a medium stay hospital. It is important to address the risk of falling in these patients according to their medications, and electronic incidence reporting tools can allow assessment of the risk and initiate interventions. No conflict of interest
Communication and Media Studies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Media studies is a broad academic discipline that seeks to understand the nature, content, history, and social impact of various media, including mass media such as film and television. As practiced in the field of communication, media studies is but one of the many disciplines in the humanities to be revolutionized by the “New” Critical theory and by recent new approaches to studying culture. However, critical/cultural media studies has a long history. Before its encounter with contemporary cultural studies, media studies (incorporating related fields such as television studies, film studies, cyberspace studies, and journalism studies) was shaped by rhetorical theory and criticism, influenced by German critical social theory and largely defined in opposition to a sociologically oriented behavioral research methodology.
Chemically tracing the water snowline in protoplanetary disks with HCO$^+$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

[Abridged] Planet formation is expected to be enhanced around snowlines in protoplanetary disks, in particular around the water snowline. However, the close proximity of the water snowline to the host star and water in the Earth's atmosphere makes a direct detection of the water snowline in protoplanetary disks challenging. Following earlier work on protostellar envelopes, the aim of this research is to investigate the validity of HCO$^+$ and H$^{13}$CO$^+$, as tracers of the water snowline in protoplanetary disks, as HCO$^+$ is destroyed by gas-phase water. Two small chemical networks are used to predict the HCO$^+$ abundance in a typical Herbig Ae disk. Subsequently, the corresponding emission profiles are modelled for H$^{13}$CO$^+$ and HCO$^+$ $J=2-1$, which provides the best balance between brightness and optical depth effects of the continuum emission. The HCO$^+$ abundance jumps by two orders of magnitude just outside the water snowline at 4.5 AU. We find that the emission of H$^{13}$CO$^+$ and HCO$^+$ is ring-shaped due to three effects: destruction of HCO$^+$ by gas-phase water, continuum optical depth, and molecular excitation effects. The presence of gas-phase water causes an additional drop of only $\sim$13% and 24% in the center of the disk, for H$^{13}$CO$^+$ and HCO$^+$, respectively. For the much more luminous outbursting source V883Ori, our models predict that the effect of dust and excitation are not limiting if the snowline is located outside $\sim$40 AU. Our analysis of ALMA observations of HCO$^+$ $J=3-2$ is consistent with the water snowline located around 100 AU. The HCO$^+$ abundance drops steeply around the water snowline, but dust and excitation can conceal the drop in HCO$^+$ emission due to the water snowline. Therefore, locating the water snowline with HCO$^+$ in Herbig disks is very difficult, but it is possible for outbursting sources like V883Ori.
A New Route to 11-Ketosteroids by Fission of a Δ9(11)-Ethylene Oxide. II

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Route to 11-Ketosteroids by Fission of a Δ9(11)-Ethylene Oxide. IIHans Heymann and Louis F. FieserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 23, 5938–5941Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01143a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts