jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Mystery of Accelerating Turbidity Currents: The Curious Case of the Congo Canyon

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by the remarkably large propagation distances observed in turbidity currents near the mouth of the Congo River in Africa, a new model is proposed for their dynamics. It assumes that the erosion of solid particles from the bed underneath the current increases the density of the current such that the vortex rotational rate increases over the case of no erosion. If the rate of increase of vortex rotation is sufficient, the entrainment rate of fluid above the current is inhibited. As a consequence, the turbidity current propagates much farther than would be expected without the dynamic effect of acceleration.
3D Chemical Shift‐Encoded MRI for Volume and Composition Quantification of Abdominal Adipose Tissue During an Overfeeding Protocol in Healthy Volunteers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Overweight and obesity are major worldwide health concerns characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fat in adipose tissue (AT) and liver. Purpose To evaluate the volume and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the fat content in the liver from 3D chemical‐shift‐encoded (CSE)‐MRI acquisition, before and after a 31‐day overfeeding protocol. Study Type Prospective and longitudinal study. Subjects Twenty‐one nonobese healthy male volunteers. Field Strength/Sequence A 3D spoiled‐gradient multiple echo sequence and STEAM sequence were performed at 3T. Assessment AT volume was automatically segmented on CSE‐MRI between L2 to L4 lumbar vertebrae and compared to the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurement. CSE‐MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) data were analyzed to assess the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in the liver and the FA composition in SAT and VAT. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses were performed on 13 SAT samples as a FA composition countermeasure. Statistical Tests Paired t ‐test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare measurements. Results SAT and VAT volumes significantly increased ( P < 0.001). CSE‐MRI and DEXA measurements were strongly correlated ( r = 0.98, P < 0.001). PDFF significantly increased in the liver (+1.35, P = 0.002 for CSE‐MRI, + 1.74, P = 0.002 for MRS). FA composition of SAT and VAT appeared to be consistent between localized‐MRS and CSE‐MRI (on whole segmented volume) measurements. A significant difference between SAT and VAT FA composition was found ( P < 0.001 for CSE‐MRI, P = 0.001 for MRS). MRS and CSE‐MRI measurements of the FA composition were correlated with the GC‐MS results (for ndb : r MRS/GC‐MS = 0.83 P < 0.001, r CSE‐MRI/GC‐MS = 0.84, P = 0.001; for nmidb : r MRS/GC‐MS = 0.74, P = 0.006, r CSE‐MRI/GC‐MS = 0.66, P = 0.020) Data Conclusion The follow‐up of liver PDFF, volume, and FA composition of AT during an overfeeding diet was demonstrated through different methods. The CSE‐MRI sequence associated with a dedicated postprocessing was found reliable for such quantification. Level of Evidence : 1 Technical Efficacy : Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1587–1599.
Anytime Multi-Agent Path Finding via Large Neighborhood Search

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the challenging problem of computing collision-free paths for multiple agents. Algorithms for solving MAPF can be categorized on a spectrum. At one end are (bounded-sub)optimal algorithms that can find high-quality solutions for small problems. At the other end are unbounded-suboptimal algorithms that can solve large problems but usually find low-quality solutions. In this paper, we consider a third approach that combines the best of both worlds: anytime algorithms that quickly find an initial solution using efficient MAPF algorithms from the literature, even for large problems, and that subsequently improve the solution quality to near-optimal as time progresses by replanning subgroups of agents using Large Neighborhood Search. We compare our algorithm MAPF-LNS against a range of existing work and report significant gains in scalability, runtime to the initial solution, and speed of improving the solution.
Evidence for circulating tumor cell (CTC) alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression in men with bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) during abiraterone acetate treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

178 Background: Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) changes in men with metastatic prostate cancer have been described since the Nobel Prize winning discovery of the hormonal dependence of PC. High serum AP is independently associated with mortality in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and reductions in AP with treatment are favorably prognostic. Transient rises in AP may occur during treatment initiation and reflect bone remodeling/healing. The source of serum AP in men with metastatic prostate cancer, however, remains unclear. We hypothesize that cancer cell osteomimicry and epithelial plasticity may contribute to serum AP elevations in these men. Methods: We examined the expression of AP in the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of men with metastice CRPC on abiraterone acetate who had elevated serum AP to determine if one possible source of serum AP may be tumor-derived rather than host/bone derived. CTCs were isolated using the CellSearch method and EpCAM ferromagnetic capture, and only CD45 negative cells were considered CTCs. AP was evaluated using immunofluorescence and real time positive and negative controls. Liver function was evaluated to ensure lack of confounding with liver-derived AP. Results: We identified AP to be commonly expressed in the CTCs of men with CRPC who had high serum AP, with no expression in patient leukocytes. One patient had a transient rise in serum AP with no change in other liver enzymes during a dramatic response to abiraterone acetate while his prostate-specific antigen and CTC declined. AP expression was evident and common in his CTCs during this serum AP flare. A second patient was found to have common CTC AP expression in both CK+ and CK- CTCs. This patient had evidence of AR amplification, PTEN loss, and TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in his CK- and CK+ CTCs, accompanied by a high number of OB-cadherin + CTCs, indicating likely osteomimicry and plasticity of these clonal epithelial tumor cells. Conclusions: We provide clinical evidence that PC CTCs express AP, supporting the hypothesis that AP expression is associated with osteomimicry as part of the biology of epithelial plasticity in prostate cancer. These findings support the existence of multiple CTC phenotypes, the clinical significance of which is unknown.
HR Service Role Imperative for Knowledge Workers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Indian organizations are witnessing a change in the role of HR. There is a movement towards the customerization of the role, with special emphasis on the knowledge sector. The current study analyses the trend of this service role, drawing upon Indian ethos. In the second part of the paper an analysis of the best employers of India in the Knowledge sector is undertaken to draw upon the new and evolving role of HR.
Issues in Long-Term Management of Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The first clinical trials of recombinant growth hormone (GH) replacement in GH-deficient (GHD) adults were carried out in the 1980s. Since some of the original participants in these trials have continued to the present day on GH replacement, there are now patients who have been treated with GH in adult life for more than 20 years and many more who have been treated for more than a decade. It is timely to consider the long-term effects of GH replacement both from the point of view of efficacy and safety. Assessment of long-term effects of GH replacement is difficult due to lack of placebo-controlled data, but insights can be gained from a number of sources including follow-up studies of early trials, cohort studies from individual centres, and surveillance studies undertaken by pharmaceutical companies.
Serotonin 5-HT 2B Receptor Blockade Prevents Reactive Oxygen Species–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We established previously that 5-HT 2B receptors are involved in cardiac hypertrophy through the regulation of hypertrophic cytokines in cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, the generation of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-α through the activation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we investigated whether 5-HT 2B receptors could be involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy associated with superoxide anion production. Therefore, we measured the effects of serotonergic 5-HT 2B receptor blockade on left-ventricular superoxide anion generation in 2 established pharmacological models of cardiac hypertrophy, ie, angiotensin II and isoproterenol infusions in mice. Angiotensin II infusion for 14 days increased superoxide anion concentration (+32%), NAD(P)H oxidase maximal activity (+84%), and p47 phox NAD(P)H oxidase subunit expression in the left ventricle together with hypertension (+37 mm Hg) and cardiac hypertrophy (+17% for heart weight:body weight). The 5-HT 2B receptor blockade by a selective antagonist (SB215505) prevented the increase in cardiac superoxide generation and hypertrophy. Similarly, infusion for 5 days of isoproterenol increased left-ventricular NAD(P)H oxidase activity (+48%) and cardiac hypertrophy (+31%) that were prevented by the 5-HT 2B receptor blockade. Finally, in the primary culture of left-ventricular cardiac fibroblasts, angiotensin II and isoproterenol stimulated NAD(P)H oxidase activity. This activation was prevented by SB215505. These findings suggest that the 5-HT 2B receptor may represent a new target to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Its blockade affects both angiotensin II and β-adrenergic trophic responses without significant hemodynamic alteration.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Pulse Wave Transit Time Measurements of Cardiac Output in Septic Shock Patients: A Comparison of the Estimated Continuous Cardiac Output System with Transthoracic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background We determined reliability of cardiac output (CO) measured by pulse wave transit time car-diac output system (esCCO system; COesCCO) vs transthoracic echocardiography (COTTE) in mechanically ventilated patients in the early phase of septic shock. A secondary objective was to assess ability of esCCO to detect change in CO after fluid infusion. Methods Mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU, aged&gt;18 years, in sinus rhythm, in the early phase of septic shock were prospectively included. We performed fluid infusion of 500ml of crystalloid solution over 20 minutes and recorded CO by EsCCO and TTE immedi-ately before (T0) and 5 minutes after (T1) fluid administration. Patients were divided into 2 groups (responders and non-responders) according to a threshold of 15 % increase in COTTE in response to volume expansion. Results In total, 25 patients were included, average 64±15 years, 15 (60%) were men. Average
Asymmetric‐double‐sided modulation for fast load transition in a semi‐dual‐active‐bridge converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To eliminate the dc bias current generated during load‐change transition, the asymmetric‐double‐sided modulation (ADSM) control is applied to a semi‐dual‐active‐bridge converter. Although the converter has three main different operation modes, the ADSM control can effectively remove the dc bias current during load‐change transition among different modes in one or two high‐frequency cycles. Theoretical analyses for different cases of transition are presented. Verifications through experimental test are also included. Besides the effectiveness, the involved calculation in ADSM control is quite simple and the only needed parameter is the converter voltage gain, which makes it easy for actual implementation.
USE OF TEMPORARY ANCHORAGE DEVICES IN INTRUSION OF SUPRAERUPTED MOLARS-CASE REPORTS

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Early loss of mandibular permanent molars with supraeruption of maxillary permanent molars is a common clinical finding causing functional posterior occlusion problems. Rehabilitation of the stomatognathic system often requires preprosthodontic intervention with molar intrusion which is one of the most difficult movements in orthodontic mechanics requiring efficient anchorage to achieve success. The aim of this article was to present two case reports, with orthodontic mini-implants used for molar intrusion as preprosthetic treatment, reducing the need for prosthetic crown reduction in patients with edentulous space discrepancy. With the aid of chain elastics, the force of intrusion passing through the center of resistance of the tooth, supraerupted maxillary molars were intruded approximately 0.5mm per month. The intrusive tooth movement maintained the vitality of the intruded teeth and was not aggressive to the periodontal structures, did not cause root resorption and no change of the pulp flow was detected. In contrast to traditional orthodontics, mini-implants were demonstrated to be clinically efficient in providing sufficient anchorage against orthodontic forces. With these devices using well-controlled magnitude and direction of the force, we reestablished successfully the functional posterior occlusion. Through this case reports, we emphasize the versatility of orthodontic mini-implants as a form of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in the biomechanics of molar intrusion attempted to create interocclusal space for adequate prosthodontic restoration with osseointegrated implants and prosthesis. Keywords: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs), Mini-implants, Molar intrusion, Edentulous space discrepancy, Preprosthodontic therapy.
Solving New Shipping Problems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| March 01 1919 Solving New Shipping Problems: Germany’s Whole Merchant Fleet Used to Carry Returning Soldiers and Food for Europe Current History (1919) 9_Part-2 (3): 459–462. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1919.9P2.3.459 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Solving New Shipping Problems: Germany’s Whole Merchant Fleet Used to Carry Returning Soldiers and Food for Europe. Current History 1 March 1919; 9_Part-2 (3): 459–462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1919.9P2.3.459 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1919 by The Regents of the University of California1919 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
English Morphosyntax. On Adjectives, Adverbs and Prepositions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book presents a comprehensive survey of the morphosyntax of English adjectives, adverbs and prepositions. Descriptive observations are supported with a wealth of authentic corpus examples, some quantitative distribution data, an occasional contrastive statement (mainly English vs. Croatian), and by reference to some of the key theoretical tenets of functional, i.e. cognitive linguistics.
Panel discussion on health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation; Scientific findings and non-threshold hypothesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

日本原子力研究所・原子力総合研修センターが、IAEAと共同して、1994年2-3月に開催した、「低線量放射線の健康影響」に関するIAEA全地域トレーニングコースにおけるパネルディスカッションの記録である。低線量放射線に被曝した際の健康に対する真の影響については、実証が困難なことから、現在、様々な見解が提出されている。本パネルディスカッションでは、放射線の影響、防護の分野において指導的立場にある、国内および国外の研究者らをパネリストに迎え、低線量放射線の健康影響を、放射線防護上、どう考えたらよいかが議論された。
Empirical investigation of a quantum field theory of forward rates

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A new test of a wide class of interest rate models is proposed and applied to a recently developed quantum field theoretic model and the industry standard Heath-Jarrow-Morton model. This test is independent of the volatility function unlike other tests previously proposed in the literature. It is found that the HJM model is inconsistent with the data while the quantum field theoretic model is in significant agreement with data. We also show that a portion of the spread between long and short term interest rates is explicable in terms of this model.
Collaboration between developed and developing country‐based firms: Danish‐Ghanaian experience

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a conceptual model of partners’ assessment of the performance of their co‐partners in a collaborative relationship. The model’s usefulness has been illustrated through a study of 12 collaborative arrangements between Danish and Ghanaian companies. The results indicate gaps in partners’ expectations and perceived performance of their co‐partners. The perceptual gaps have been explained with reference to differences in motives of collaboration, intensity of interaction, cultural differences as well as the active involvement of a catalyst institution in the development of the relationship. The paper also draws attention to the policy and strategy implications of the empirical evidence.
Impact of External Environment Factors on Human Resource Management Function, a Generic Model study with reference to Multi-National Companies in India

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper ,we explore models of environmental analysis, organizational design and HR strategy. Thus the theme , is the interaction between human resource management (HRM), the environment and the organization (MNC in India) . The theoretical underpinning for this approach is the best-fit or contingency model of HR strategy, This model argues that there is no one model of HR strategy which suits all circumstances. Instead, different strategies are appropriate in different environmental and organizational settings. However we should bear in mind that the best-fit model is not the only model of HR strategy. Other models include the best practice model, which argues that there is one approach to HR strategy; the high performance workplace model, which is suitable in nearly all organizational and environmental settings; and the resource-based model, which argues that resources, particularly human capital and core competencies, are much more important for HR strategy than the environment.
Presentation Attack Detection using Heart Rate from Amplified Color Videos and Pulse Oximeter Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The constantly growing digital era makes the development of biometric identification systems increasingly necessary. This situation also impulses the detection and development of vulnerabilities, for this reason, it is necessary to complement the biometric systems to improve their level of confidence. This paper presents a system to perform vitality detection using heart rate pulse from amplified color videos using Eulerian Video Magnification algorithms. An pulse oximeter is used to trigger the system and the acquired information is compared with the gathered from the videos. The result of such comparison is used to establish the vitality state of the sample. The experimental results shows that the maximum difference between the video and the pulse oximeter information does not overpass ten beats per minute (BPM) with an average of 4.466 BPM.
Adenoviral-mediated transfer of a heat-inducible double suicide gene into prostate carcinoma cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumor cells that express a fusion gene comprised of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) sequences exhibit activation of and subsequent killing by the normally innocuous prodrugs 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir (Rogulski et al., Hum. Gene Ther., 8: 73-85, 1997). To target localized expression of this therapeutic gene, we have constructed a recombinant adenovirus containing the CD-TK fusion gene under the control of a human inducible heat shock protein 70 promotional sequence. Strong expression of the fusion gene product was induced by heating at 41 degrees C for 1 h. Expression levels obtained were dependent on the multiplicity of infection used and the incubation time after heat shock. Heat-induced expression of the CD-TK protein significantly reduced the survival of PC-3 cells in the presence of both 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir. These studies represent a novel form of gene therapy for the transduction and regulation of a double suicide gene in tumor cells and may provide a unique application for hyperthermia in cancer therapy.
Recent advances in hepatic gene transfer: more efficacy and less immunogenicity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Systemic enzyme deficiencies and lysosomal storage disorders are excellent targets for the treatment of genetic disease by in vivo gene transfer. To enable efficient delivery of therapeutic gene products into the systemic circulation, gene transfer to the liver has been extensively pursued. Hepatocytes are capable of overexpressing biologically active enzymes, such as coagulation factors (in the treatment of hemophilia) and lysosomal enzymes, and efficiently secrete these proteins into the blood stream. Sustained therapeutic expression and correction of rodent and canine animal models of human disease has been reported for a number of genetic disorders. This has been possible because of recent advances in vector development and optimization of their delivery. Viral vectors, in particular adeno-associated viral vectors and retroviral vectors, have yielded remarkable successes in the treatment of dogs with hemophilia or mucopolysaccharidosis. Such studies in large animals represent an important intermediate step toward clinical application, which has now been initiated in the case of hemophilia. Equally importantly, hepatic gene transfer has been demonstrated to induce immune tolerance to therapeutic transgene products.
Concavity properties for quasilinear equations and optimality remarks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study quasiconcavity properties of solutions of Dirichlet problems related to modified nonlinear Schrödinger equations of the type $$-{\rm div}\big(a(u) \nabla u\big) + \frac{a'(u)}{2} |\nabla u|^2 = f(u) \quad \hbox{in $Ω$},$$ where $Ω$ is a convex bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$. In particular, we search for a function $φ:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$, modeled on $f\in C^1$ and $a\in C^1$, which makes $φ(u)$ concave. Moreover, we discuss the optimality of the conditions assumed on the source.
Pomatoceros triqueter

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pomatoceros triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) Type locality. Not precisely known, but North Atlantic. Not present in the Suez Canal, but see Spirobranchus tetraceros, below. On ecological grounds, it is inconceivable that Pomatoceros triqueter has replaced Spirobranchus tetraceros in the intertidal and splash zone around Alexandria, Egypt as recently reported by El-Rashidy et al. (2009), a finding that contradicts Abd-Elnaby (2005) [quoted by Ghobashy & Ghobashy (2005: 90–93); see Spirobranchus tetraceros, below]).