jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Troy Legend Concorded

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

LONG poems are not quickly concorded, and the lemmatization of homographs cannot be quickly undertaken, and lies beyond the mechanical competence of any computer. Hiroyuki Matsumoto (ed.) therefore deserves the thanks of all interested in the Troy Legend in Middle English verse: A Lemmatized Concordance to Lydgate's Troy Book, and A Lemmatized Concordance to the Laud Troy Book, Troy Legend Concordance Series, I and II (Tokyo: Shohakusha, 2007), I, pp. vii +1519, II, pp. v + 909, ¥16,000 and ¥10,000, ISBN 978–4–7754–0132–3, ISBN 978–4–7754–0133–0. Wisely the editor has not stooped to list all occurrences of the conjunction and ‘and, if’; instead he tells us that there are 11,059 and 6,030 occurrences of which he prints a small number of specimens from the beginning of the two poems. He does, however, list in full other high-frequency words, and not only provides occasional spellings, but energetically distinguishes functions. Thus for in he lists 4,768 and 1,384 occurrences of the prepositions, spelt inne 5 and 9 times, distinguished from the adverb, 35 occurrences (+ inne twice), and 18 (+ inne once). The adverbial phrase, in ·oon, in ·on, in ·one, is treated as a compound, and in the Laud Troy Book inne is recognized as ‘house, tent’, even when spelt in. The adverbial use of as is kept apart from the use of as as a conjunction; it is a matter of opinion if as can function as a relative pronoun: 43 times in Lydgate's Troy Book, no example listed in Laud, but, for example, line 8517 ‘Off so fele kynges as are now here’ is as much and as little a pronominal use as the 43 uses by Lydgate, but presumably regarded as so … as. The decision to list words variously spelt under the most frequent spelling seems a sound method; but there are oddities: riзt precedes the rare riзte for the noun in Lydgate, but for the adjective riзte is given first, and that only because, for questionable metrical reasons, the idiom þe riзt weye (variously spelt) has been systematically emended to þe riзt[e] weye. (The idiom does not occur in Laud.) The lemmatization has resulted in an excellent entry for the verb ‘to be’, in all its spellings for the many parts, in the two poems. All in all, this is a very useful contribution to late Middle English studies, invaluable for lexicography and syntax.
Human listening and psychoacoustics skills through Ski-hill Graph Pedagogy Meter Fundamentals explored in music education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Acoustics is central to music education, and listening should be ubiquitous in any pedagogical approach. Listening to music and learning meter theory is not always compatible with recent research. This paper provides insight into meter fundamentals education and the usual methods and offers a modern solution, Ski-hill Graph Pedagogy Meter Fundamentals. Cohn's (2020) ski-hill graphs provide students with meter mathematics they need to apply to timing and expression of music to learn the basics of music for performance. The comprehensive contemporary meter theory offers teachers an alternative to meters understood as time signatures, one notated pulse grouped in a measure. Students require meter fundamentals pedagogy based on the sound that supports their developing awareness of the meter. Also, the meter theory requires the capacity for all meters, not just a surface level or one that focuses on Western music and notation. Ski-hill graphs offer valuable contributions to education, and the paper provides details of new ways forward in acoustics for listening in student education.
Genetic evaluation of Ongole bulls at organized herds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the breeding value of Ongole bulls for first lactation milk yield and to rank them for their future use in nominated mating for production of qualiTy male calves. The first lactation records of 418 cows maintained at Livestock Research Station, Lam Farm, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh); Government Cattle Breeding Farm, Chadalwada (Andhra Pradesh); Government Livestock Farm, Chintaldevi (Andhra Pradesh) and Livestock Research Station, Mahanandi (Andhra Pradesh) that were daughters of 23 bulls and calved during 13 years from 1991 to 2003 were used in analysis. First lactation milk yield in Gngole cows averaged 539.01±21.10 kg. The effect of farm and period of calving was significant on this trait. The breeding value of different bulls varied from 485.84 to 565.69 kg in first set, from 518.49 to 553.94 kg in second set and from 525.12 to 568.42 kg in third set. The highest breeding value, was obscrved for sire No. L168 (set 3) followed by sire No. L29 (set I) and sire No. LIO (set 1). Their superiority over the herd average ranged between 18.71 and 29.41 kg (3.47 to 5.45%). The frozen semen of these top ranked bulls has been recommended for use on elite cows to produce young male calves for inducting in the new set (5).
Tetracycline tolerance mediated by gene amplification in Bacillus subtilis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacillus subtilis can acquire a higher tolerance to tetracycline by increasing the gene dosage of its resistance gene tetB . In this study, we estimated the multiplication effect of tetB on tetracycline tolerance. Cells harbouring multiple copies of tetB were found to comprise approximately 30 % of the total tetracycline-resistant cell population when selected on medium containing 10 µg tetracycline ml −1 . Disruption of recA resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of tetB amplification. Although four direct repeats exist around tetB , the majority of tetB amplicons were found to be flanked by non-homologous sequences, indicating that the initial duplication of tetB can occur largely through RecA-independent recombination. The correlation between the tetB copy number and the MIC values for tetracycline indicated that more than three copies of tetB were required for tolerance to 10 µg tetracycline ml −1 . Thus, the RecA-dependent expansion step appears to be necessary for developing significant tetracycline tolerance mediated by tetB amplification.
Variation of the expression of different Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the functional effects of HDAC-inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) comprise in humans currently 18 members divided in 4 classes. Application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) appears as promising therapeutic strategy in different types of cancer including hepatocellular cacrinoma (HCC). However, detailed information about distinct HDAC expression and functional mechanisms of HDACi-action in HCC are lacking.
Monitoring of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Argentine red shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) samples during 2010-2014 in Argentina

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Argentine red shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) fishery, one of the most important in the Argentine Sea, exceeded in 2016 50% of the total value of fishing exports. The implementation and development of health controls are requirements of international trade. Among the pathogens that affect crustaceans is the White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and, according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), it is a mandatory reportable disease. Due to the need to count on scientific information to establish the sanitary state of the resource with respect to WSSV, the aim of this work was to continuously monitor the viral infection in wild red shrimp. Samples caught in areas close to Rawson port and San Jorge Gulf during 2010-2014 were studied. The total of 506 specimens analized with the nested PCR technique using the IQ2000TM WSSV Commercial Kit, a method validated by the OIE, were virus negative. It is concluded that during the five years of continuous monitoring there was no evidence of WSSV in Argentine red shrimp. In this study a scientific data base that would help to guarantee the sanitary quality and international trade for said fishery of commercial interest in Argentina is offered. In addition, tools that would allow to protect the product against possible sanctions and unnecessary trade barriers are provided.
CCDC 830044: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Related Article: M.M.Kimani, H.C.Wang, J.L.Brumaghim|2012|Dalton Trans.|41|5248|doi:10.1039/c2dt11731b,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Being with People and Being Alone in Late Life: Costs and Benefits for Everyday Functioning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Being alone and being with people are both important determinants for adaptation in the everyday life of elderly people. We examined the relationship between social contact (engagement in activities alone or in the presence of others), difficulties experienced with daily activities when with people or when alone, everyday satisfaction, and self-reported autonomy. Greater levels of social contact are associated with greater everyday satisfaction as long as participants report no difficulty in daily activities. However, greater levels of social contact are associated with lower self-reported autonomy among very old participants (85-104 years) and social contact is unrelated to self-reported autonomy among old participants (70-84 years). The findings suggest that the compensatory use of social resources and the selective narrowing of social contact in daily activities contribute to adaptive everyday functioning in later life.
GAINING NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE PAST: AN APPLICATION OF GIS AT THE BEST FARM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Archeologists from the University of Maryland participating in a multi-year Archeological Identification and Evaluation Study at Monocacy National Battlefield are using a variety of field recovery techniques as well as a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate an historic property known as L’Hermitage, or Best Farm, located in Frederick County, Maryland. Recovery techniques range from intensive shovel testing to a metal-detector survey, tailored to the varied archeological contexts at the site. GIS has been used in concert with these field techniques to address the challenges of site scale and time sequence, as well as to inform the research methodology of the project in a timely and economical manner.
An Analysis of Digital Marketing Strategies and Website Content Usage : Key Requirements, Metrics and Tactics for Hyper-Personalized SMEs Websites

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study evaluates the integration of website content into Digital Marketing Strategies (DMS) to drive the hyper-personalization of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) websites. The study's objectives were to analyse the key requirements and metrics for integrating website content and DMS for SMEs websites, examine the relationship between website content consumption patterns and DMS, and suggest data-driven tactics for hyper-personalized SMEs websites. The study employs a descriptive design and targets a sample of 95 Digital Marketing Agencies using random and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was through an online questionnaire and desktop research. Data analysis was done through content analysis and the IBM SPSS statistical tool for descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman’s rank correlation revealed patterns highlighting both positive and negative monotonic associations between website content usage and DMS. Additionally, the results show that digital marketing strategies have a statistically significant impact on content usage that can influence the hyper-personalization of websites. In today’s competitive landscape, hyper-personalized websites are essential for SMEs to stand out. Therefore, the study suggests data-driven tactics for leveraging hyper-personalized websites to gain a competitive edge in the digital era.
NADPH binding and control of catalase compound II formation: comparison of bovine, yeast, and Escherichia coli enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. NADPH binds to bovine catalase and to yeast catalases A and T, but not to Escherichia coli catalase HPII. The association was demonstrated using chromatography and fluorimetry. Bound NADPH fluoresces in a similar way to NADPH in solution. 2. Bound NADPH protects bovine and yeast catalases against forming inactive peroxide compound II either via endogenous reductant action or by ferrocyanide reduction during catalytic activity in the presence of slowly generated peroxide. 3. Bound NADPH reduces neither compound I nor compound II of catalase. It apparently reacts with an intermediate formed during the decay of compound I to compound II; this postulated intermediate is an immediate precursor of stable compound II either when the latter is formed by endogenous reductants or when ferrocyanide is used. It represents therefore a new type of hydrogen donor that is not included in the original classification of Keilin and Nicholls [Keilin, D. and Nicholls, P. (1958) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 29, 302-307] 4. A model for NADPH action is presented in which concerted reduction of the ferryl iron and of a neighbouring protein free radical is responsible for the observed NADPH effects. The roles of migrant radical species in mammalian and yeast catalases are compared with similar events in metmyoglobin and cytochrome c peroxidase reactions with peroxides.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

† The prevalence of dermatologic problems during the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection makes knowledge of these skin manifestations imperative to all practicing dermatologists. Detection of early infection is encouraged as effective therapy now exists both to delay the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunodeficiency and to prevent opportunistic infections. Skin manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection discussed in this article include the following groups: neoplastic, ie, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma; infectious, ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and arthropod infestations; and a miscellaneous group including papulosquamous, papular, vascular, autoimmune, oral, and drug-related skin disorders. (Arch Dermatol.1991;127:1383-1391)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Culture Results, Drug Resistance, and Clinical Outcome in Patients with AIDS and CMV Retinitis Treated with Foscarnet or Ganciclovir

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objectives of the study were to examine the clinical significance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results and drug susceptibilities in CMV isolates from patients with AIDS-related CMV retinitis. Blood and urine for CMV culture were obtained from 207 patients with newly diagnosed CMV retinitis who were enrolled in a randomized trial comparing foscarnet and ganciclovir. Culture-positive rates at baseline were 45% and 71% for blood and urine, respectively. Rates decreased 3- to 10-fold after initiation of either treatment. Mortality was related to both positive baseline blood and urine cultures; adjusted relative risks were 1.97 and 2.03, respectively. Positive blood cultures at baseline were associated with more rapid retinitis progression. Drug-resistant CMV was found, over comparable follow-up periods on assigned treatment, in 4 of 8 ganciclovir-assigned patients with persistent viremia and 0 of 5 foscarnet-assigned patients with persistent viremia. Results of virologic assays of blood appear to be associated with clinical outcome of CMV retinitis.
Diffuse Ionized Gas in Simulations of Multiphase, Star-forming Galactic Disks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It has been hypothesized that photons from young, massive star clusters are responsible for maintaining the ionization of diffuse warm ionized gas seen in both the Milky Way and other disk galaxies. For a theoretical investigation of the warm ionized medium (WIM), it is crucial to solve radiation-transfer equations where the interstellar medium (ISM) and clusters are modeled self-consistently. To this end, we employ a solar neighborhood model of Three-phase Interstellar Medium in Galaxies Resolving Evolution with Star Formation and Supernova Feedback (TIGRESS), a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the multiphase, star-forming ISM, and post-process the simulation with an adaptive ray tracing method to transfer UV radiation from star clusters. We find that the WIM volume filling factor is highly variable, and sensitive to the rate of ionizing photon production and ISM structure. The mean WIM volume filling factor rises to ∼0.15 at . Approximately half of ionizing photons are absorbed by gas and half by dust; the cumulative ionizing photon escape fraction is 1.1%. Our time-averaged synthetic line profile matches Wisconsin Mapper observations on the redshifted (outflowing) side, but has insufficient intensity on the blueshifted side. Our simulation matches the Dickey–Lockman neutral density profile well, but only a small fraction of snapshots have high-altitude WIM density consistent with Reynolds Layer estimates. We compute a clumping correction factor that is remarkably constant with distance from the midplane and time; this can be used to improve estimates of ionized gas mass and mean electron density from observed surface brightness profiles in edge-on galaxies.
Study of the subjective well-being in heroin addicts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: To explore the difference of subjective well-being between heroin addicts and normal controls and the gender difference of these patients. Methods: 60 heroin addicts and 60 normal controls were collected and their subjective well-being were evaluated with General Well-Being Schedule(GWB). Results: The total score and factors score of GWB in heroin addicts were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P0.05). The scores of positive emotion, negative emotion and general subjective well-being in female patients were significantly higher than those in male patients(P0.05). Conclusion: Heroin addicts have lower subjective well-being levels than normal. The female patients have higher score than the males in both well-being and emotion.
An Intrasubject Comparison of Two Doses of Succinylcholine in Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The dose of muscle relaxant (succinylcholine) recommended in modified electroconvulsive therapy is not based on empirical research. In the same patients (n = 50), two doses-0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg-were compared during different electroconvulsive therapy sessions. The larger dose was more effective in modifying the peripheral convulsion.
Water Sharing in the Roots of Prunus Pedunculata Maxim

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Roots water sharing of sandy shrub Prunus pedunculata Maxim.was studied in this paper.The results showed that a potential for water sharing exists in the root system of pedunculata.When water distribution uneven,branch roots which are deficit water can share the water absorbed by main roots.At the same time,the water could be transported from branch roots which are contend abundant water to main roots which was relative dehydration.If the soil water distribution was uniform,root system water would be transported from branch roots to main roots,and in the main roots,the water was transported from morphological upper point to morphological low point,so that to insure the water supply of shoot.
Cycloidal Paths in Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A popular classroom demonstration is to draw a cycloid on a blackboard with a piece of chalk inserted through a hole at a point P with radius r = R from the center of a wood disk of radius R that is rolling without slipping along the chalk tray of the blackboard. Here the parametric equations versus time are derived for the path of P from the superposition of the translational motion of the center of mass (cm) of the disk and the rotational motion of P about this cm for r = R (cycloid), r < R (curtate cycloid) and r > R (prolate cycloid). It is further shown that the path of P is still a cycloidal function for rolling with frictionless slipping, but where the time dependence of the sinusoidal Cartesian coordinates of the position of P is modified. In a similar way the parametric equations versus time for the orbit with respect to a star of a moon in a circular orbit about a planet that is in a circular orbit about a star are derived, where the orbits are coplanar. Finally, the general parametric equations versus time for the path of the magnetization vector during undamped electron-spin resonance are found, which show that cycloidal paths can occur under certain conditions.
A decision‐making scheme for returning patients to high‐level activity with nonoperative treatment after anterior cruciate ligament rupture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This report describes the development and current use of decision‐making criteria for returning patients to high‐level physical activity with nonoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, and presents the results of treatment for patients who met our criteria as candidates for nonoperative rehabilitation and attempted to return to high‐level physical activity with nonoperative management. The screening examination consists of four one‐legged hop tests, the incidence of knee giving‐way, a self‐report functional survey, and a self‐report global knee function rating. We screened 93 consecutive patients with acute unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture, classifying them as either candidates ( n = 39, 42%) or noncandidates ( n = 54, 58%) for nonoperative management. Of the 39 rehabilitation candidates 28 chose nonoperative management and returned to preinjury activity levels, 22 of whom (79%) returned to preinjury activity levels without further episodes of instability or a reduction in functional status. No patient sustained additional articular or meniscal damage as a result of rehabilitation or return to activity. The decision‐making scheme described in this study shows promise in determining who can safely postpone surgical reconstruction and temporarily return to physically demanding activities. Continued study to refine and further validate the decision‐making scheme is recommended.
Verification study of an emerging fire suppression system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Self-contained fire extinguishers are a robust, reliable and minimally invasive means of fire suppression for gloveboxes. Moreover, plutonium gloveboxes present harsh environmental conditions for polymer materials; these include radiation damage and chemical exposure, both of which tend to degrade the lifetime of engineered polymer components. Several studies have been conducted to determine the robustness of selfcontained fire extinguishers in plutonium gloveboxes in a nuclear facility, verification tests must be performed. These tests include activation and mass loss calorimeter tests. In addition, compatibility issues with chemical components of the self-contained fire extinguishers need to be addressed. Our study presents activation and mass loss calorimeter test results. After extensive studies, no critical areas of concern have been identified for the plutonium glovebox application of Fire Foe™, except for glovebox operations that use large quantities of bulk plutonium or uranium metal such as metal casting and pyro-chemistry operations.