jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Balanced Fertilization on Rice Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Profit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice covers about 20% of the total cultivated area in the north central province of Liaoning in China. And rice contributes over 25% of the province’s total grain production per year. Traditionally, N and P fertilizers have been the only nutrients applied in these crops, but they are applied without any real understanding of yield potential or the required amounts and ratios of fertilizer nutrients. In recent years, with various new high yield varieties being developed and introduced to Liaoning, soil nutrient defi ciency has become more severe than ever. Previous investigation and experiments agree that while K defi ciency exists in many regions, this defi ciency has been alleviated after sustained K application, and yields have been shown to increase (Lei, et al., 2002). Thus balanced fertilization can play a signifi cant role in sustained development of grain production in Liaoning. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of balanced fertilization technology on rice nutrient uptake, yield, and profi t. A fi eld experiment was conducted in the northern rice production area of Changgouyan Village, in Tieling County, Liaoning. This is a temperate region that is infl uenced by a monsoon season. The annual rainfall is 700 mm, and the average annual temperature is 7.6 °C, with a frost-free period of about 150 days annually. The site was located on a paddy soil whose properties are listed in Table 1. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments and three replications (Table 2). Plot area was 20 m 2 (2.5m x 8m). An initial soil test-based ‘optimum’ (OPT) nutrient application was recommended in 2006 based on the ASI method (Portch and Hunter, 2002) used by the National Laboratory of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations in Beijing (Yang, et al., 2001). In 2007, application rates for N and K were adjusted according to 2007 soil test results and profi ts obtained in 2006. Treatments received a basal fertilizer application including one-quarter of the total N as urea plus all of the P as diammonium phosphate (DAP) and K as potassium chloride (KCl). The remaining urea-N was topdressed and split between the seedling, tillering, and boot stages. The rice variety was ‘265-11-1’ planted at a density of 225,000 hills/ha in 2006. The rice seedlings were transplanted on May 27 and harvested on September 29, 2006. In 2007, the rice variety was ‘Liaojing 9’ planted at 225,000 hills/ha. Rice seedlings were transplanted on June 6 and harvested on
Potential Benefit of Rituximab in Rhupus Patients From a Single-Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Rhupus syndrome is better characterized, but uncertainties remain, and therapeutic management must be defined. The objective was to analyze therapeutic procedures with a focus on biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). Methods This 10-year medical records review was based on diagnosis codes (rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]) and biological data (anti-CCP testing, anti-dsDNA, and anti-RNP antibodies). Patients fulfilling 2010 ACR/EULAR and 2012 SLICC and/or 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA and SLE, respectively, were included. Results Sixteen patients were identified. Rheumatoid arthritis most often preceded rhupus, with predominant articular pattern; 11 of them had erosive arthropathy. Skin involvement was the most frequent associated manifestation (n = 12). Serious events were reported, including active glomerulonephritis (n = 3), ischemic stroke (n = 1), and myocardial infarction (n = 1). Immunological profiles showed positivity for antinuclear (n = 16), anti-dsDNA (n = 9), and anti-CCP (n = 9). Ten patients required bDMARDs. All types of RA-approved bDMARDs were used. Abatacept was considered effective in 3 of the 4 patients, with 1 primary failure, 1 secondary escape, and 2 therapeutic maintenances, whereas primary or secondary failure was observed under tocilizimub and TNF-blocking agents. Rituximab was the most prescribed (n = 9) and the most effective with a sustained response in 6 patients. Conclusions In rhupus refractory to conventional treatment, T or B lymphocytes targeted therapies, and particularly rituximab, seem to be a relevant therapeutic option unlike anticytokine biologics.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection in a patient with acute leukemia: characteristics and options for antibiotic therapy for a rare highly virulent gram-negative bacterium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gram-negative infections are a common cause of induction mortality in acute leukemia. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli are common culprits, contributing to over 40% of deaths in some centers in India. A 20-year-old male with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, after 5 days of initiation on steroids at another hospital, developed rapid onset dyspnea, with signs of bilateral pneumonia and Type 1 respiratory failure. High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax showed bilateral nodular opacities with ground glassing. Galactomannan was negative, and blood culture isolated MDR Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic sensitivity by VITEK2 indicated sensitivity only to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and minocycline. Antibiotics were tailored according to sensitivity, but he had a rapidly worsening downhill course with death from respiratory failure within 72 h. This is only the third case of this organism being described in a patient with malignancy from India. MDR organisms should be suspected whenever a patient with acute leukemia has a history of being in contact with another hospital. In such patients who present with signs of sepsis, it may be reasonable to consider a “de-escalation” approach, with addition of carbapenems upfront and stepping down once cultures are available.
Evolving Iran: An Introduction to Politics and Problems in the Islamic Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book is a timely volume on the aftermath of the 1979 Iranian revolution. The author tries to articulate the enigma of counter-secular forces that in an instant catapulted Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers to power less than a year after February 1979. Moreover, hostage taking at the U.S. embassy (November 1979) and the Iraqi invasion under Saddam Hussein (September 1980) are among the two pivotal and entwined, if implicit, reasons that nailed the lid on the coffin of all political opposition. As stated by the author, “This book seeks to explain the creation and development of the theocracy in Iran” (p. 11). This volume, however, presents a level-headed picture of today's Iran beyond prevalent clichés in the American press and think-tank/lobbyists in Washington. The original cause of the February 1979 insurrection is somewhat decoded in the early chapters. The author alludes to the enduring effects of the 1953 Central Intelligence Agency coup d'état that overthrew the elected government of Mohammad Mossadegh and brought the Shah back. Barbara Ann Rieffer-Flanagan is explicit on what is known as the “capitulation”—the long-anticipated tip of colonialism/neocolonialism through the Constitutional Revolution (1906–1911), and once again revisited head-on during the nationalization of oil under Mohammad Mossadegh (1951–1953) in Iran. We read: “The shah in 1964 also pushed revision to a bill—the American-Iranian Status of Forces Agreement—through [the Iranian] Parliament that expanded the number of American personnel [that were] immune from [domestic] prosecution …” (pp. 27–28, emphasis added). The author adds: “[Such] resentment was further fueled by Ayatollah Khomeini” (p. 28).
High-throughput optical wireless solutions for intra-satellite communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a 100 Mb/s Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) system for 3U (30x30x30 centimeter) intra-CubeSat. The system has low power consumption and is made of low cost commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) components such as VCSEL, APD, Si-PD and common ball lenses. Since the system is for the 3U CubeSat, 40 cm distance between optical transceiver was targeted. We successfully designed the system and tested with 4 mm and 5 mm ball lenses to optimize our system for the future activities.
Influence of Cassia grandis galactomannan on the properties of sponge cakes: a substitute for fat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here we have proposed to evaluate potential replacers of fat in sponge cake formulations. Our investigation consisted initially of monitoring the physical-chemical changes in sponge cake batters caused by gradually replacing the vegetable fat/margarine of a control sample (standard sponge cake recipe) with galactomannan extracted from the seeds of Cassia grandis. Several samples were prepared where a 100% concentration of vegetable fat was substituted with galactomannan in different concentrations. We then compared both microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of pure fat cake batter formulations and formulations with controlled fat/galactomannan mixtures. At this first stage, rheometry and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the rheological features and air bubble distribution in the batters. In the second stage, the effects of fat substitution with galactomannan, now for the final baked cakes, were also monitored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and standard sensorial tests were performed in order to correlate the final color, texture, and taste characteristics of the final sponge cake and those characteristics obtained initially for the batter. According to the statistical analysis of the data, a 75% fat replacement with galactomannan at only 1.0% concentration was achieved, while successfully maintaining surface microstructure, sensory acceptance, and rheological behavior similar to the original formulation containing only fat. Regarding vegetable fat substitution with galactomannan, our results allow us to conclude that rheometry and bubble distribution tests on the initial batters are useful indicators of the final cake quality.
Comparative Analysis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Patients with and Without Metabolic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At Dr. S N Medical College, Jodhpur, 200 patients with and without metabolic syndrome were analysed for two years to determine the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. In the metabolic syndrome group (22%), subclinical hypothyroidism was more common than in the control group (8%), with increased TSH but normal free T4 levels. These findings imply that thyroid function and metabolic abnormalities are closely related, highlighting the potential benefits of thyroid monitoring in metabolic syndrome management. The study suggests coordinated care to reduce metabolic and thyroid dysfunction health concerns.
Determination of energy values and chemical composition of dry residue of cassava for broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective was to determine the energy values and the chemical composition of dry residue of cassava (DRC) for broiler chickens through two methodologies. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and five levels of inclusion of RDC (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%), totaling ten treatments and four replicates, with four birds each. The experimental period lasted ten days, five days of adaptation and five excreta collection. The samples of excreta, feed and DRC were dried in forced circulation greenhouses air at 55 °C. The chemical composition for the DRC was 89.86% DM, 0.98% CP, 3519 kcal kg-1 EB, 0.19% EE, 27% NDF, 19.5% ADF, 0.33% calcium, 0.43% phosphorus, 0.46% potassium and 0.12% magnesium, in the natural matter. The mean values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) AME coefficient (CAME) and coefficient of AMEn (CAMEn) of DRC in natural matter were 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45.42% and 45.61%, respectively. According to equations the AMEn value found may vary from 1789 kcal kg-1 to 1808 kcal kg-1.
Invisible or ignored: investigating the lack of thylacine‐based material culture in the Australian archaeological record

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT There is a distinct lack of information regarding interactions between thylacine ( Thylacinus cynocephalus ) and Aboriginal Australians. Their depiction in Australian rock art is not unusual, yet only one example of an artefact made from thylacine remains has been recovered from the archaeological record. This absence of thylacine‐based Indigenous material culture is conspicuous, especially since the raw materials such a large mammal provides would be useful and thus their depiction in art but absence from “things” appears significant. To investigate whether substantial opportunity existed for the exploitation of thylacines for the purpose of material culture production, and thus that sampling or cultural factors must instead be at play for their absence from the record, the location of known palaeontological, archaeological and rock art sites related to thylacines were mapped in time and space. Dated contexts are compared to create an overall picture of the overlap between thylacine habitat and human territories. We found that there was a significant period where interaction between this enigmatic animal and First Australians occurred, and, therefore, a lack of contact is not the reason for the near total absence of thylacine bones, teeth and other materials being missing from Indigenous material culture
A STUDY ON SEPARATION AND CLEANING OF PEANUT SEEDS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to investigate some engineering parameters affecting separating and cleaning efficiencies for improving sieve unit to be more appropriate for the Egyptian varieties of peanut seed. To achieve this goal, experimental unit was fabricated and constructed in the workshop of Agric. Eng. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ., Ismailia, Egypt. Some physical and mechanical properties of seeds such as (length, width, thickness and coefficient of friction) were investigated. Four sieve oscillations (250, 275, 300 and 325 cpm), six sieve inclination angles (4°, 2° upward, zero, 2°, 4° and 6° downward) and four feed rates (15, 20, 25 and 30 kg/hr.cm) were studied under aeromechanical separation. The obtained results inducted that, the minimum separation and cleaning efficiencies were 30.0 and 92.5%, respectively at sieve oscillation of 250 cpm, feed rate of 30 kg/h.cm under sieve inclination angle of 4° upward with no seed loss. Meanwhile the maximum separation and cleaning efficiencies were 95.0 and 96.8%, respectively at sieve oscillation of 325 cpm, feed rate of 15 kg/h.cm under sieve inclination angle 6° downward with high seed loss of about 13.8%. To keep seed loss less than 0.5% with adequate separation and cleaning efficiencies about 90.9, 95.8% respectively, prefer to sieve oscillation of 300 cpm with zero inclination angle, and feed rate of 15 kg/h.cm.
Eligibility for and Use of Oral Antimicrobial Therapy Among Veterans With Osteoarticular Infections: A Retrospective Study Across 8 Medical Centers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We retrospectively evaluated antimicrobial therapy in 145 randomly selected patients with osteoarticular infections across 8 hospitals. One hundred nine (75%) were eligible for oral antimicrobial therapy, but only 18 received it: 5 of 39 (13%) in 2018 versus 13 of 70 (19%) in 2019–2020 (P = .44). Oral antimicrobials may be underutilized for osteoarticular infections in routine practice.
Internetworking and Resource Management in Satellite Systems [Guest Editor's Introduction]

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Discusses the three articles that are part of a series on internetworking and resource management in satellite systems. The first article appears in the July 2007 Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine issue "Network architecture and radio resource management for satellite digital multimedia broadcast system"); the second article appears in the August 2007 issue ("PEPsal: A performance enhancing proxy for TCP satellite connections"); and the third article in the series appears in the September 2007 issue ("Advanced channel coding for Hap-based broadcast services").
NEURONET: a distributed real-time system for monitoring neurophysiologic function in the medical environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A specific medical application, namely repair of a narrow aorta in children, served by Neuronet, a large software package integrated with 80 computer workstations and instrumentation, is considered to demonstrate the offline and real-time capabilities of the package. An overview of the system is given, and a case example is presented. The system's remote capabilities, signal processing, user interface, and database are discussed. Reliability and upgradeability are considered.< >
Profiling of cardio‐metabolic risk factors and medication utilisation among Type II diabetes patients in Ghana: a prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complicated by multiple cardio‐metabolic risk factors. Controlling these factors requires lifestyle modifications alongside utilisation of anti‐diabetic medications. Different glucose lowering [(biguanides (BIGs), sulfonylureas (SUAs), thiazolidinediones (TNZ)], lipid lowering (statins), and anti‐hypertensive medicines [angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and central acting drugs (CADs)] have been approved for controlling hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension respectively. Here, we examined factors that characterise T2DM and explored the response to medication therapy among T2DM patients. Methods This prospective cohort study recruited 241 T2DM patients reporting at a clinic in Ghana, from January through to August, 2016. Each patient's demographic, medications and anthropometric data was obtained while information on medication adherence was captured using Morisky adherence scale‐8 (MMAS‐8). Fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results The mean age of participants was 57.82 years for baseline and six‐month follow‐up. Physical activity differed at baseline and follow up (p < 0.05) but not body mass index (BMI). BIG alone, or in combination with SUA and TNZ did not improve glycaemic status at follow up (p > 0.05). Many participants using either ACEI or ARB were able to control their blood pressures. Among dyslipidaemia patients under statin treatment, there was an improved lipid profile at follow‐up. Conclusions Statin medications are effective for reducing dyslipidaemia in T2DM patients. However, control of modifiable risk factors, particularly blood glucose and to a lesser degree blood pressure is suboptimal. Addressing these will require concomitant interventions including education on medication adherence and correct dietary plans, lifestyle modifications and physical activity.
BIOM-64. EXPLOITING CELL-FREE DNA TO DISSECT MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO TEMOZOLOMIDE IN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is a cytotoxic alkylating agent that serves as a cornerstone in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, yet is notorious for eliciting hypermutation in recurrent tumors that have developed drug resistance by downregulating mismatch repair (MMR). We reasoned that cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a non-invasive measure for detecting tumor-derived biomarkers, could be used to temporally examine the mechanism of resistance to TMZ. We therefore designed an in-vitro experiment using the patient-derived GBM43 cell line. Over five days, batches of cells were treated with either TMZ or vehicle. Cell counts and cfDNA were collected every 24 hours. We observed an associated increase in both dead cell counts and cfDNA yield in treated cells compared to untreated cells. In TMZ-treated samples, cfDNA showed a periodic fragmentation pattern consistent with internucleosomal cleavage and TMZ-induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, higher numbers of variants were found in the cfDNA of untreated samples when compared to treated cfDNA, possibly reflecting TMZ-induced selection of resistant subclones in treated samples. This was further supported by the finding that the average variant allele frequency (VAF) increased over time in TMZ-treated samples, consistent with purifying selection. Conversely, cfDNA from vehicle-treated samples demonstrated a decrease in the average VAF over time, consistent with clonal diversification. Although we did not observe an enrichment of the TMZ-associated mutational signature SBS11, we did find higher levels of defective MMR mutation signature SBS44 in treated samples, potentially indicating the selection of subclones with defective MMR mechanisms. Overall, our preliminary findings show that cfDNA can be used to resolve mechanisms of TMZ resistance over time. We are addressing open questions by performing longer treatment times, testing other patient-derived cell lines, and performing murine xenotransplantation experiments to test TMZ-associated hypermutation in vivo. Our work will contribute to our understanding of TMZ resistance, and importantly push the development of cfDNA-based biomarkers for measuring TMZ-sensitivity in patients.
Chromosome segregation during female meiosis in C. elegans: A tale of pushing and pulling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of the kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans oocytes has been a matter of controversy. Danlasky et al. (2020. J. Cell. Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202005179) show that kinetochore proteins KNL-1 and KNL-3 are required for early stages of anaphase during female meiosis, suggesting a new kinetochore-based model of chromosome segregation.
Incidence of Atrial Fibrosis in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients and its Impact on Recurrence after Pulmonary Vein Antral Isolation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of the atrial fibrosis in the left atrium is an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein antrum isolation after 6 months without left atium substrate modification.