jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora porri causing stem rot of lettuce in Greece: first report in Europe.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A severe disease of lettuce cv Paris Island Cos occurred in winter crops for five consecutive years starting 2000, at Marathon, Attika, South Greece. Wilt of the lower leaves was observed, that progressively affected the upper leaves. Diseased plants became chlorotic, declined and died. An internal brown-black rot was observed along the infected stems, which started from the root area and progressed to the upper part of the stems. Isolates belonging to the genus Phytophthora derived from all infected plants. Oogonia were about 35-40 μm in diameter with amphigynous and paragynous antheridia, and the cultures contained aplerotic oospores. Sporangia were about 37-56 x 25-44 pm with length to width ratio mostly 1.4-1.7 and showed a broad opening after the release of zoospores. The maximum growth temperature for all isolates was 23°C. Hyphal swellings, occasionally empty and coiling of mycelium, were abundant in cultures. On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Phytophthora porri. In pathogenicity tests on lettuce cultivars, inoculated with mycelial plugs, disease symptoms were similar to those observed in the field but disease appeared less severe. In artificial inoculations on various hosts, using P. porri disks, lettuce seedlings showed brown discoloration on the stem and roots. None of the isolates was highly pathogenic to seedlings of tomato hybrid Belladona, cauliflower cv Alpha, broccoli cv Ramoso Calabrese, red cabbage cv Langedijk Autumn, white cabbage cv Merveille d' Octobre, Brussels sprout cv Groninger, carrot cv Nantes or leek cv Blue Solaise. This is the first report of P. porri causing disease on lettuce outside Australia.
Costovertebral anomalies in osteogenesis imperfecta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study of 16 patients with Type III osteogenesis imperfecta showed marked elongation of the pedicles of the vertebrae in all cases, a deformity which was not seen in other types of the disease. Posterior rib angulation was also noted in Type III disease. These features have proved useful in suggesting the diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta even before long bones have fractured and in categorizing patients with osteogenesis imperfecta into the correct type for prognostic purposes.
Job Satisfaction in the U.S. Army: 1943 and 1973

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This paper is concerned with two related questons: whether junior enlisted mens's perceptions of the nature of their service has changed with the end of conscription and the advent of the all-volunteer force; and the level of satisfaction of junior personnel in the all-volunteer force with the nature of their service relative to that of their conscription-era counterparts. The first of these issues is based upon Moskos' (1977) hypothesis that military service has been transformed from a calling, legitimized in terms of institutionalized values; to an occupation, legitimized in terms of the market place. If Moskos is correct, then the notion of job satisfaction is relevant to the study of modern military service, which is seen as increasingly similar to civilian employment, but is less relevant to the study of the conscription-era soldier, whose service was seen as something very differrent from civilian employment. However, it is notable that Stouffer and his colleagues (1949), in their research on the conscription-based Army of World War II, did regard satisfaction as an important attitude dimension, and research on noncombat troops in World War II has suggested that we perhaps have a romanticized notion of the nature of military service in that conflict (e.g., Rundell, 1978), based upon the media image of the combat infantryman. The second issue assumes that Moskos is correct, at least in his analysis of the all-volunteer force, and that if the Army is to be sustained without a military draft, job satisfaction will be one of the dimensions explaining the Army's success (or failure) in the accession and retention of high quality personnel.
Review of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is a wireless communication among many vehicles.The main motive of VANET security is to not only to provide safety, secure communication and intelligent transportation service but also another service like entertainment, advertisement and offers based on location wise.As all the services related to communication are more important and vulnerable to attacks hence requires security.In VANET, vehicles represent the node and communication take place either between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or vehicle to infrastructure (V2I).Securing communications between vehicles and the roadside unit is a great challenge.Various researchers had done a lot of work in terms of security in VANET communication but still, these are vulnerable.Some first-time attack such as the hidden vehicle, tunnel, wormhole attacks are presented in this paper and their possible cryptographic solution is also provided.In this paper, we will go through various security issues, routing protocol, challenges in VANET, several attacks, and their cryptographic solution.
Discordant Serum Folate Result Unique to the Beckman Access Assay.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Most current commercial assays for serum folate use folate-binding protein with chemiluminescence detection. Historically serum folate methods have been calibrated using pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) as this is more stable than 5Methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) which is the form present in patients not receiving supplementation. Poor specificity of these binding assays together with different detection technologies and different method designs have highlighted the need for greater standardisation to calibration regimes so that individual folate species can be better identified. We describe here discrepant serum folate results in a patient which appear to be unrelated to the issues described above. Consequent to a procurement evaluation of multiple analytical systems, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate assays were performed on the Beckman Access, Abbott Architect 12000SR, Bayer Centaur and Roche E170 analysers according to manufacturer’s instructions. Method comparison studies using serum samples from 500 individuals showed good agreement between all analytical systems for all three parameters. However, one serum sample from a 44 year old Caucasian male who had presented with weight loss, diarrhoea and a microcytic, hypochromic anaemia (Hb 10.7 g/L) gave discrepant serum folate results and was further investigated. He had no evidence of renal impairment. His only medication was a multivitamin tablet supplement which he had been taking for several weeks. IgA anti-TTG antibodies were 33 U/mL (NR 0 – 10) and IgA endomysial antibodies were weakly positive. There was a polyclonal increase in serum IgA = 4.62 g/L (NR 0.8 – 2.8). Otherwise routine chemistry, thyroid profile and a paraprotein screen were unremarkable. Parietal cell and intrinsic factor antibodies were negative. Serum ferritin = 16 ng/mL (NR 20 – 215); Vitamin B12 = 164 pg/mL (NR 150–600). The patient’s sample showed no discrepant inter-system results for ferritin or Vitamin B12. Serum folate assays (NR 3.0 – 15.0 ng/mL) were as follows: Technique Serum Folate Calibration method Beckman Access >20.0 PGA Roche E170 2.2 Quantaphase II Abbott Architect 1.9 Quantaphase II Bayer Centaur 1.5 5MTHF This pattern of results was confirmed on a second sample a month later. No discrepancies were found in twenty other patients with positive TTG and endomysial antibodies. Current methods for folate assays give different results and cannot measure the various forms of folate due to lack of calibrant standardisation with different types of automated analysers. In this patient, it may be that the folate species in the Vitamin supplement are measurable by the Beckman Access but are undermeasured with the other assay techniques. This data suggests the need for a reference method capable of identifying individual folate species in all patients. Technique Serum Folate Calibration method Beckman Access >20.0 PGA Roche E170 2.2 Quantaphase II Abbott Architect 1.9 Quantaphase II Bayer Centaur 1.5 5MTHF
Reversible Wideband Hybrid Model of Two-Winding Transformer Including the Core Nonlinearity and EMTP Implementation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate high-frequency modeling of transformers is crucial for the analysis and simulations of the fast electromagnetic transients of power systems and smart grids. However, most high-frequency models do not include the effects of core nonlinearity and may lead to inaccurate results. This article proposes an improved wideband model considering core nonlinearity for single-phase two-winding transformers and its implementation in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). The hybrid model is developed by merging the wideband admittance module and the duality-derived π module using filters with compensation. The duality-derived π module is developed from the direct application of the principle of duality. The wideband admittance module is developed based on discrete state equations using the technology of the modified vector fitting method. All parameters of the hybrid model are easy to be obtained because they are determined using terminal tests instead of the detail information of the transformer. Simulations and experiments, including inrush current, lightning excitation, and ferroresonance tests, show that the proposed hybrid model can accurately simulate both the low- and high-frequency transients of a single-phase two-winding transformer with a maximum difference of 5%.
Knowledge Base Ontology Building For Fraud Detection Using Topic Modeling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Moving towards the digitization and cashless economy tests the existing IT infrastructure for security and fraud controls substantially. Transition from traditional to cashless economy requires to banks to have more secure system to fight fraud. To understand and transform the needs for more secure banking system it is necessary to understand the domain of fraud and create knowledge base for fraud. It helps bridge the gap between business level and IT levels of banking. So that anti-fraud regulations could be automatically imbibed in the system. Hence the paper focuses on analyzing existing fraud case documentations and understand the significant terms involved in the fraud. For this TF-IDF weighting, topic modeling with LDA is used for identifying the group of words (topic) representing particular type of fraud. Using these knowledge base ontology is extracted which can be used for building fraud detection system. Experiment is performed on extracted fraud documents and ontology is built using the latent topics identified.
Strongly self‐absorbing C∗‐algebras and Fraïssé limits

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that the Fra\"iss\'e limit of a category of unital separable $C^*$-algebras which is sufficiently closed under tensor products of its objects and morphisms is strongly self-absorbing, given that it has approximate inner half-flip. We use this connection between Fra\"iss\'e limits and strongly self-absorbing $C^*$-algebras to give a self-contained and rather elementary proof for the well known fact that the Jiang-Su algebra is strongly self-absorbing.
The Challenges of Working Out Surveillance and Accountability in Theory and Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter looks at three modes of accountability drawn from social science research. These modes comprise accountability of public (drawing on Foucauldian research), accountability for public (drawing on critical accounting literature), and accountability with public (drawing on science and technology studies ideas of participation and public engagement). These modes are used to introduce the diversity of forms, relationships, and potential, sometimes unexpected, consequences of accountability. The chapter then draws in three examples of surveillance from my research in order to illustrate the ways in which these modes of accountability can be utilised to understand the practices of surveillance systems. The three examples include an analysis of one UK town's antisocial behaviour strategy which incorporates an active role for CCTV, attempts to develop a national UK ID card, and the deployment of speed cameras across the United Kingdom. The chapter concludes with an analysis of possible ways forward with modes of accountability.
Radical Relations: Exploring Polyamory as a Transgressive Philosophy and Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to explore polyamory among queer women as a transgressive philosophy and practice. Through individual qualitative interviews, the daily lives, past and present experiences, relationships and life philosophies of five queer polyamorous women are considered. Interviews are analyzed with an eye towards the personal as political as well as the practical and philosophical elements involved in constructing romantic relationships consistently with one's personal ideology. A critical understanding of the link between economics and social norms shows the importance of studying alternative relationship and family models. By attempting to create relationships that are consistent with their beliefs, these women are challenging the current dominant definitions of relationships, family and community. While polyamory can be a difficult practice, participants use it as part of a broader philosophy that transgresses Western social organization in a way that creatively combines the personal and political.
Identity Transformation by Artists Transferring to Musawarah Discussion Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is aimed at exploring the identity transformation undergone by artists who “hijrah” or make a transfer of lifestyle within a Young Person’s Discussion Community called Musawarah. This community is based on a lifestyle that is “Sakinah Mawaddah Warohmah” meaning a Place /condition of Peace/ serenity, all Encompassing Love and Spiritually Blessed. The group consists of 19 males and 6 females originating from the middle class who have made a conscious decision to change their lifestyle. The theoretical perspective used for this research is a phenomenological approach based on in depth interviews while the research method used is a qualitative research method consisting of data collection and in depth interviews. The research results found that the artists in the Musawarah Discussion Group went through 6 phases in making the decision to transfer including pre-transfer, stimulation, selfisolation, self-doubt, transfer and post-transfer. Research results indicate that the concept held by the artists was one of Conversion-Reversion. The meaning of “hijrah” in this case does not mean that these artists take on an entirely new identity but that they have returned to the situation they were in prior to becoming artists with all its popularity and glamour and have become more religious than they were before. The identity transformation of these transferring artists is an unfinished or ongoing transfer towards awareness of their self existence as a total personality who has returned or moved away from bad things to that which is good.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in kidney function, as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR). AKI is part of a range of conditions summarized as acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD), in which slow deterioration of kidney function or persistent kidney dysfunction is associated with an irreversible loss of kidney cells and nephrons, which can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). New biomarkers to identify injury before function loss await clinical implementation. AKI and AKD are a global concern. In low-income and middle-income countries, infections and hypovolaemic shock are the predominant causes of AKI. In high-income countries, AKI mostly occurs in elderly patients who are in hospital, and is related to sepsis, drugs or invasive procedures. Infection and trauma-related AKI and AKD are frequent in all regions. The large spectrum of AKI implies diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. AKI management in critical care settings is challenging, including appropriate volume control, nephrotoxic drug management, and the timing and type of kidney support. Fluid and electrolyte management are essential. As AKI can be lethal, kidney replacement therapy is frequently required. AKI has a poor prognosis in critically ill patients. Long-term consequences of AKI and AKD include CKD and cardiovascular morbidity. Thus, prevention and early detection of AKI are essential.
Cannabinoids and the Endocannabinoid System in Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Long COVID-19—A Scoping Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is variable, often including symptoms such as fever, cough, headache, fatigue, and an altered sense of smell and taste. Recently, post-acute “long” COVID-19 has emerged as a concern, with symptoms persisting beyond the acute infection. Vaccinations remain one of the most effective preventative methods against severe COVID-19 outcomes and the development of long-term COVID-19. However, individuals with underlying health conditions may not mount an adequate protective response to COVID-19 vaccines, increasing the likelihood of severe symptoms, hospitalization, and the development of long-term COVID-19 in high-risk populations. This review explores the potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids in limiting the susceptibility and severity of infection, both pre- and post-SARS-CoV-19 infection. Early in the SARS-CoV-19 infection, cannabinoids have been shown to prevent viral entry, mitigate oxidative stress, and alleviate the associated cytokine storm. Post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, cannabinoids have shown promise in treating symptoms associated with post-acute long COVID-19, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress injury, insomnia, pain, and decreased appetite. While current research primarily focuses on potential treatments for the acute phase of COVID-19, there is a gap in research addressing therapeutics for the early and post-infectious phases. This review highlights the potential for future research to bridge this gap by investigating cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system as a potential treatment strategy for both early and post-SARS-CoV-19 infection.
Diversity and distribution of plankton community and physico-chemical parameters in wishpond, wishpond-aquaponics system and traditional fish pond

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to determine the interrelationship between physico-chemical parameters and plankton community in three different aquaculture systems (wishpond, wishpond aquaponics and traditional fish pond). The water quality parameters, dissolve oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, ammonia, alkalinity and transparency were monitored and found within the recommended range. Different phytoplankton of four (4) different groups were observed where Chlorophyceae group was the most dominant (8.03±0.19) × 103 cells/l in wishpond system and Euglenophyceae was the less dominant (45.86±1.15) × 103 cells/l in traditional pond system. In addition, Zooplankton of Rotifera was found the most dominant (17.81±0.09) × 103 cells/l with following Cladocera and Copepoda. A significance difference were observed in case of plankton groups among three different aquaculture systems. The interrelationship among the physico-chemical parameters, temperature showed strongest relationship with all the other physico-chemical parameters where transparency showed no relation with dissolve oxygen. In case of phytoplankton groups, all four groups showed more or less positive relationship in all three different aquaculture system. The findings of this study will assist small-scale producers in choosing and properly operating a simple aquaponics system. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2022, 7 (1), 13-22
Platycleis galvagnii, a peculiar new bushcricket from Sardinia (Italy) (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Platycleis galvagnii n. sp. from Sardinia (Italy) is described. In general habitus the new taxon is close to Platycleis sensu strictu, albeit very small in size. When looking at other characters the species does not seem to fit within one of the groups recognised within Platycleis s.l., but for the moment the species is placed in Platycleis s.s.. The species is characterised by a range of morphological and bioacoustic characters. Its real affiliations with other species within the Platycleis complex need to be established further. For the moment the species is known only from the type locality, Gennargentu mountain in the central part of Sardinia.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Cationic Surfactant for Oil‐Well Drilling Fluid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new additive cationic surfactant for drilling fluid was synthesized by alkylation of coal tar phenol with tetradecyl alcohol; then, the alkyl phenol reacts with formaldehyde and amine to produce the Mannich base product. This product was reacted with sodium chloroacetate to produce the cationic surfactant; the structure of the synthesized surfactant was confirmed by FTIR analysis, evaluation of the prepared surfactant by surface properties such as surface tension, emulsification power, and wetting power. The prepared cationic surfactant showed good results when utilized in the formulation of both oil‐based mud and synthetic‐based mud as the primary emulsifier.
PO-MU-MA Emergency food bar: nutritional, microbial, sensorial, and cost analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 2015, 62.6 million women and children received food assistance in emergencies. However, they are usually provided with foods containing sufficient energy rather than a balanced diet. A nutrient-dense emergency food bar (PO-MU-MA) was made from local ingredients: potato (Solanum t.), mung bean (Vigna radiata l.), and malunggay (Moringa o.) to optimize local foods and aimed to evaluate its sensorial acceptability, nutrient content, microbial load, moisture content, and cost analysis. An experimental design was used for the three (3) formulations with 25D consisting of 18g of potato and mung bean flour, 5.15 g of malunggay-infused water, and other ingredients. 99Z and Q2Y have the same ingredients but with potato flour and mung bean flour in different ratios, namely, 27g potato flour and 9g mung bean flour for 99Z and 9g potato flour and 27g mung bean flour in Q2Y. For appearance (color) and aroma, 99Z is the most acceptable. The acceptability in terms of taste is the same. For texture, Q2Y was chosen, as well as for overall acceptability. Nutrient analysis of the most acceptable product formulation showed an energy content of 461 kcal per 100g, sufficient to provide 22% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for energy. The carbohydrate content per 100g is 56.25g, protein is 8.30g, and fat is 22.6g. For microbial load, yeast and mold are low (40 CFU/g), while E. coli and Salmonella are both negative, making the product safe for consumption. Furthermore, the food bar has a low moisture content (11%). For product costing, it shows that 100g of the product costs PHP 28.36. Generally, the PO-MU-MA Emergency Food Bar is recommended for food and nutrition needs in emergencies.