jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integration of Duck and Jarwo Super Rice System in Riau Province as an Alternative Environmental Friendly Technology on Rice Cultivation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Indragiri Hilir is rice production center in Riau Province. The rice productivity in this regency is around 3.9 ton/ha. Since 2017, Riau AIAT has introduced jarwo super rice system as new technology in rice cultivation. This study aims to get the information on rice production in the integration of duck and jarwo super rice system compared to the existing technology. The study was conducted in Kempas Jaya Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province from January-August 2018. Batang Piaman was chosen as suitable variety with farmer preference. There were three technologies applied in this study, A: farmer’s technology, B: jarwo super rice system technology and C: integration of duck and jarwo super rice system technology. In integration of duck and jarwo super rice system technology, farmers have 136 ducks that consist of 16 males duck and 120 females duck herder at 1 ha of rice field. The result showed that the highest rice production was found in C: integration of duck and jarwo super rice system technology (7.40 ton/ha), while the rice production in B: jarwo super rice system technology was 6.04 ton/ha and the rice production in A: farmer’s technology was 5.10 ton/ha. Based on field observations, there are some advantages when farmer herder ducks in the rice field, (1) provide additional fertilizer from duck droppings, (2) reduce weed and plant pest populations, (3) decrease pesticide used and (4) stimulate rice growth. Referring to this study, combination of duck and jarwo super rice system on rice cultivation has proven decrease production cost, enhance rice production and recommended environmental friendly technology.
The Invisible Hand of Friedrich Hayek: Submission and Spontaneous Order

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Friedrich Hayek’s account of “spontaneous order” has generated increasing interest in recent decades. His argument for the superiority of the market in distributing knowledge without the need for central oversight has appealed to progressive democratic theorists, who are wary of the hubris of state planning and attracted to possibilities for self-organization, and to Foucaultians, who have long counseled political theory to cut off the King’s head. A spontaneous social order, organized by an invisible hand, would appear to dispense with arbitrary power and foster creativity and individual liberty. This article challenges this view by highlighting the centrality of submission to Hayek’s account of spontaneous order. It shows that Hayek struggles to obscure the providentialism underpinning the account of social order he derives from Adam Ferguson and the Scottish Enlightenment. Nonetheless, his own account of spontaneous order relies on faith in the workings of the market, and submission to unintelligible market forces.
Unveiling the role of plasticity rules in reservoir computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reservoir Computing (RC) is an appealing approach in Machine Learning that combines the high computational capabilities of Recurrent Neural Networks with a fast and easy training method. Likewise, successful implementation of neuro-inspired plasticity rules into RC artificial networks has boosted the performance of the original models. In this manuscript, we analyze the role that plasticity rules play on the changes that lead to a better performance of RC. To this end, we implement synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity rules in a paradigmatic example of RC model: the Echo State Network. Testing on nonlinear time series prediction tasks, we show evidence that improved performance in all plastic models are linked to a decrease of the pair-wise correlations in the reservoir, as well as a significant increase of individual neurons ability to separate similar inputs in their activity space. Here we provide new insights on this observed improvement through the study of different stages on the plastic learning. From the perspective of the reservoir dynamics, optimal performance is found to occur close to the so-called edge of instability. Our results also show that it is possible to combine different forms of plasticity (namely synaptic and non-synaptic rules) to further improve the performance on prediction tasks, obtaining better results than those achieved with single-plasticity models.
Data from KIT<sup>low</sup> Cells Mediate Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is commonly driven by oncogenic <i>KIT</i> mutations that are effectively targeted by imatinib (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). However, IM does not cure GIST, and adjuvant therapy only delays recurrence in high-risk tumors. We hypothesized that GIST contains cells with primary IM resistance that may represent a reservoir for disease persistence. Here, we report a subpopulation of CD34<sup>+</sup>KIT<sup>low</sup> human GIST cells that have intrinsic IM resistance. These cells possess cancer stem cell-like expression profiles and behavior, including self-renewal and differentiation into CD34<sup>+</sup>KIT<sup>high</sup> progeny that are sensitive to IM treatment. We also found that TKI treatment of GIST cell lines led to induction of stem cell–associated transcription factors (<i>OCT4</i> and <i>NANOG</i>) and concomitant enrichment of the CD34<sup>+</sup>KIT<sup>low</sup> cell population. Using a data-driven approach, we constructed a transcriptomic-oncogenic map (Onco-GPS) based on the gene expression of 134 GIST samples to define pathway activation during GIST tumorigenesis. Tumors with low KIT expression had overexpression of cancer stem cell gene signatures consistent with our <i>in vitro</i> findings. Additionally, these tumors had activation of the Gas6/AXL pathway and NF-κB signaling gene signatures. We evaluated these targets <i>in vitro</i> and found that primary IM-resistant GIST cells were effectively targeted with either single-agent bemcentinib (AXL inhibitor) or bardoxolone (NF-κB inhibitor), as well as with either agent in combination with IM. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD34<sup>+</sup>KIT<sup>low</sup> cells represent a distinct, but targetable, subpopulation in human GIST that may represent a novel mechanism of primary TKI resistance, as well as a target for overcoming disease persistence following TKI therapy.</p></div>
Antiphospholipid antibodies and platelet activation as risk factors for thrombosis in thrombocythaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study suggests that APLA and platelet activation are risk factors for TB in TC. APLA are prevalent in TC, and IgM APLA predominated over IgG. Activation of platelets but not of endothelium may be consistent with the reversible and recurrent features of TB in TC.
[Postpartum myocardial infarct (apropos of a case)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the case of a 26 years old woman, who was hospitalized for an acute anterior myocardial infarction, which happened 17 days after delivery. The culprit lesion was a coronary dissection observed on the coronary angiogram which was performed on the 7th day. This dissection cicatrised spontaneously at the control coronarography performed 3 months later. Conventional medical treatment seems to be sufficient, although the use of thrombolysis in our case was safe and successful.
A Cross-Cultural Study on Consumer Preferences for Olive Oil

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we study consumer preferences for olive oil across four countries (Denmark, France, Tunisia, and the US). Based on a large-scale study with olive oil consumers (N = 3,462), we use the Best-Worst Scaling method to measure perceived importance for product attributes known to influence consumer choice. Our results show that consumers across all countries rate type, price, prior experience, and country of origin as important product attributes. On the other hand, packaging, label design, and brands are considered as less important product attributes. While the perceived importance for olive oil attributes differs across countries, the order of importance is almost similar for all countries. We further derive a three-segment solution and describe each segment based on its attitudinal beliefs, usage, and socio-demographic profile. We discuss implications for the study of consumer preferences for olive oil and provide managerial insights.
The Jewish Pope. Ideology and politics in the Papal Schism of 1130. By Mary Stroll. (Studies in Intellectual History, 8.) Pp. xviii + 205. Leiden: Brill, 1987. Gld. 108. $49. 90 04 08590 4; 0920 8607

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Jewish Pope. Ideology and politics in the Papal Schism of 1130. By Mary Stroll. (Studies in Intellectual History, 8.) Pp. xviii + 205. Leiden: Brill, 1987. Gld. 108. $49. 90 04 08590 4; 0920 8607 - Volume 40 Issue 1
Detyrosinated (Glu) microtubules are stabilized by an ATP-sensitive plus-end cap

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Many cell types contain a subset of long-lived, ‘stable’ microtubules that differ from dynamic microtubules in that they are enriched in post-translationally detyrosinated tubulin (Glu-tubulin). Elevated Glu tubulin does not stabilize the microtubules and the mechanism for the stability of Glu microtubules is not known. We used detergent-extracted cell models to investigate the nature of Glu microtubule stability. In these cell models, Glu microtubules did not incorporate exogenously added tubulin subunits on their distal ends, while &gt;70% of the bulk microtubules did. Ca2+-generated fragments of Glu microtubules incorporated tubulin, showing that Glu microtubule ends are capped. Consistent with this, Glu microtubules in cell models were resistant to dilution-induced breakdown. Known microtubule end-associated proteins (EB1, APC, p150Glued and vinculin focal adhesions) were not localized on Glu microtubule ends. ATP, but not nonhydrolyzable analogues, induced depolymerization of Glu microtubules in cell models. Timelapse and photobleaching studies showed that ATP triggered subunit loss from the plus end. ATP breakdown of Glu microtubules was inhibited by AMP-PNP and vanadate, but not by kinase or other inhibitors. Additional experiments showed that conventional kinesin or kif3 were not involved in Glu microtubule capping. We conclude that Glu microtubules are stabilized by a plus-end cap that includes an ATPase with properties similar to kinesins.
Evaluating and Managing Electronic Commerce and Outsourcing Projects in Hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite the huge popularity of outsourcing in electronic commerce/IT in the past two decades, many hospitals have failed to realize the expected benefits from their outsourcing projects. Not surprisingly, the management of electronic commerce/IT outsourcing contracts has become one of the top management issues for hospitals executives in recent years. Hence, the purpose of this study was to provide an overview of outsourcing in electronic commerce/IT investment evaluation and benefits realization processes and practices in Australian and Taiwanese hospitals. Inherent in this study was the opportunity to compare such practices between a developed economy (Australia) and a newly industrialized economy (Taiwan). Several key electronic commerce/IT investment evaluation and outsourcing issues and challenges faced by Australian and Taiwanese hospitals will be presented. The results will assist hospital executives to develop their own approaches and strategies to better manage the opportunities and threats that exist in undertaking electronic commerce/IT outsourcing projects in Australian and Taiwanese hospitals.
Understanding the Impact of Differing Leadership Schemas in Inter-Organizational Groups

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, this idiographic study examined the impact of individual leadership schemas on inter-organisational groups brought together to deal with complex problems. Framed by its focus on inter-organisational leadership delivering an integrated security solution to complex problems, the research examined the interaction of the Canadian Forces, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and the Canadian International Development Agency operating in Afghanistan during the period 2005 to 2011. The study shows that differing leadership schemas impact on how leadership is enacted within an ad hoc inter-organisational group. Responding to Lord’s (2003) question asking if leader schemas are dynamic, the study shows that participants from different organisations not only have different leadership schemas, but that through interaction a new schema was developed to deal with the new context faced by the group. The study also helps to understand how collaborative leadership is enacted, reinforcing the importance of the leader, but refining the role to an enabler and initiator of the socially constructed leadership functions. Academically, the research contributes to the ongoing debate within the literature on whether leadership schemas are static or context based, while providing insights into the interaction of differing schemas and the social context in which leadership occurs. The practitioner will gain a greater understanding of inter-organizational leadership within the public sector needed to deal with complex problems. Whilst focused on a specific inter-organizational group, the results are expected to be applicable across a range of ad hoc collaborative groups, working to solve complex problems.
LandmarkBoost: Efficient visualContext Classifiers for Robust Localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing popularity of autonomous systems creates a need for reliable and efficient metric pose retrieval algorithms. Currently used approaches tend to rely on nearest neighbor search of binary descriptors to perform the 2D-3D matching and guarantee realtime capabilities on mobile platforms. These methods struggle, however, with the growing size of the map, changes in viewpoint or appearance, and visual aliasing present in the environment. The rigidly defined descriptor patterns only capture a limited neighborhood of the keypoint and completely ignore the overall visual context. We propose LandmarkBoost - an approach that, in contrast to the conventional 2D-3D matching methods, casts the search problem as a landmark classification task. We use a boosted classifier to classify landmark observations and directly obtain correspondences as classifier scores. We also introduce a formulation of visual context that is flexible, efficient to compute, and can capture relationships in the entire image plane. The original binary descriptors are augmented with contextual information and informative features are selected by the boosting framework. Through detailed experiments, we evaluate the retrieval quality and performance of Landmark-Boost, demonstrating that it outperforms common state-of-the-art descriptor matching methods.
Chloride Ion Transport by PITENINs across the Phospholipid Bilayers of Vesicles and Cells

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Small-molecule-based Cl- ion carriers are gaining revived attention because of their recently discovered role toward anticancer activity. Herein, we showed that the anticancer agents, PITENINs, have an efficient transmembrane Cl- ion transport activity. Theoretical calculations, 1H NMR titration, and spectrophotometric analysis suggest that the PITENINs strongly bind with a Cl- ion. In addition to the lipophilicity, the presence of both acylthiourea and phenolic OH moieties of the compounds plays a crucial role in the transport of Cl- ions. Among the tested compounds, PIT-1 and DM-PIT-1 showed higher Cl- ion selectivity and transport efficiency. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the potent compounds follow the H+/Cl- transport pathway. Cellular activity studies showed that the disruption of Cl- ion homeostasis by PIT-1 and DM-PIT-1 preferentially promotes apoptotic cell death.
Heterotopic Ossification Complicating Traumatic Ulnar Nerve Palsy in a Child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the process of forming bony tissues in extra-skeletal sites such as muscles and soft tissues. This pathological process most commonly commences following trauma, surgery, and fractures. Rarely, HO can compress nearby neurovascular structures. To the best of our knowledge, however, no previous reports exist of HO serving as second-hit to partially injured ulnar nerve in the pediatric population. We present a case of a 6-year-old girl with complete high ulnar nerve palsy caused by medial epicondylar fracture followed by development of HO around the elbow. The patient was initially managed conservatively. Four months after the first visit, she presented with complete ulnar nerve palsy that was not evident on the initial presentation. Based on further investigations, she was taken to OR for release of the cubital tunnel and anterior transposition of ulnar nerve. On further follow-up, the patient regained sensory and motor functions of the ulnar nerve with minimum sequalae. Post-traumatic ulnar nerve injury is well described in the literature as resulting from initial trauma or as an iatrogenic injury following fracture reduction and fixation. HO in the pediatric age group is considerably rare, occurring after trauma and burn injuries. Surgical timing of HO release remains controversial. No previous reports of HO complicating traumatic ulnar nerve palsy in pediatric patients exist. In the current case report, partial ulnar nerve injury was initially due to medial epicondylar fracture, but it had progressed to full blown ulnar palsy secondary to superimposed HO. Early HO takedown combined with decompression of ulnar nerve are crucial to ensure complete nerve recovery.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Dendritic Cell Vaccination Enhances Immune Responses and Induces Regression of HER2<sup>pos</sup> DCIS Independent of Route: Results of Randomized Selection Design Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 2: Individual CD4<sup>pos</sup> Th1 immune responses in the peripheral blood by vaccination route (Panel A: intralesional (IL), Panel B: intranodal (IN), Panel C: intralesional and intranodal (ILN)).</p>
Targeting Lagging Territories With Eu Rural Support Policy: Case Study In Latvia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper uses a bi-regional CGE model to assess the potential impacts of an alternative rural development policy design, which is more targeted to public sector investments on the economic activity of a lagging region in Latvia. The results show the distribution of effects between the rural and urban areas within the region as well as differences in the impacts between the three policy scenarios that are explored. All scenarios generate positive effects in the economy. However, the “Investment in Public Sector with enhanced envelope” scenario is the one that leads to the largest impacts in the economy. The “Investment in Public Sector with no envelope” is the second best scenario and has better effects compared to the Scenario that has enhanced financial envelope but with no reallocation. Overall, the results suggest that it’s not only enhanced funding that will improve economic performance in an economy but also the targeting of these funds to the more productive sectors of the economy that have the highest linkages within the economy and consequently the potential to create strong direct and indirect effects spread to the regional economy.
P402 Small bowel endoscopy: do we offer enough training?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

There are currently 12 centres offering device assisted endoscopy (DAE) in the UK and between 30–35 offering video capsule endoscopy (VCE). There is a paucity of data on those offering training. We therefore quantify the training provided in small bowel endoscopy (SBE) across the UK to assess future training requirements.

Methods

Online surveys and targeted calls to SBE centres were conducted of all British Society of Gastroenterology members in the UK to establish whether they were in SBE training and what level of training was offered to them.

Results

From 17 centres there were 22 responses from gastroenterology fellows, trainees and consultants (36.4%, 18.2%, 45.5% respectively). Of all responders, 95.4% were independent in gastroscopies and 90.9% colonoscopies. Training centres: In total, 86.4% of centres offered VCE with 3 (IQR: 2–4) endoscopists per site interpreting videos. DAE was available in 72.7% of centres performed by 2 endoscopists (IQR: 2–3) per centre. Single and double balloon endoscopy was performed in 64.7% and 35.3% respectively under conscious sedation, deep sedation and both (35.3%, 29.4%, 35.3% respectively). Training in video capsule endoscopy: VCE was interpreted by 63.6% of responders of which 78.6% were independent. 31.8% of responders were undergoing training in both VCE and DAE, 36.3% in VCE and 9.1% in DAE. Of those who did not regularly review VCE, 75% were interested in becoming proficient. Physicians required 50 (IQR: 20–50 videos) VCEs to gain competency. All physicians were confident in identifying pathology. To become independent, 50 videos (IQR 25–70) were reviewed. Responders who had attended VCE courses felt more confident in identifying pathology (100% vs 33.3% p= 0.002). Training in device assisted endoscopy: Only 36.4% of individuals undertook DAE of which 75% were independent. However 42.9% were interested in becoming proficient. On average, participants completed 55 (IQR: 19–85) procedures prior to being independent taking 12 months (IQR: 6–27 months). The target lesion was reached in 50–100% of cases. All DAE trainees performed therapeutic procedures. Moderate to severe pain was reported in 10% of patients under conscious sedation and no sedation related complications reported. The learning curve for antegrade DAE was easier than retrograde DAE. The terminal ileal intubation rate during retrograde DAE varied from less than 50% to greater than 90%.

Conclusion

Training offered in SBE is heterogenous with individuals having different levels of prior experience. There is a need to offer and formalise VCE and DAE training to ensure uniform competence. However, centres must have set requirements to achieve prior to being able to offer training to ensure the training offered is up to standard.