jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emotional and behavioral functioning among 10–14-year-old children who were very low birth weight at birth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study examined the emotional and behavioral functioning among 10–14 year-old children who were born with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500). Method Prospective and cross-sectional study of 90 VLBW (<1500 g) survivors born at the Hospital Universitario la Paz in Madrid, Spain, from 2000 to 2005 who were assessed by interviewers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents also reported on their children's functioning. Children who showed an abnormal SDQ score on the total difficulties subscale or who had psychiatric history were also assessed using the K-SADS-PL. Results The proportion of children with abnormal-self-rated-SDQ scores was as follows: almost 25% of children showed an abnormal score on hyperactivity, nearly 15% on emotional problems, 15% on conduct problems and 10% on peer problems. Overall, 15% of children showed an abnormal score on the total difficulties subscale. Most children (99%) showed a normal score on the prosocial subscale. These proportions were higher when the questionnaire was rated by parents. Thirty-eight percent of children were assessed using the K-SADS and very few of them meet the criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder. Biomedical variables were associated in the expected direction to children's SDQ scores such as birth weight, head circumference and Apgar scores. Conclusion To conclude, being born with very low birth weight seems to be related to the emotional and behavioral functioning that these children appear to show between 10 and 15 years later. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Translocations involving band 3q27 and Ig gene regions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [see comments]

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We report a series of 20 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in which cytogenetic analysis showed a translocation involving band 3q27 and the site of one of the three Ig genes (14q32, 2p12, 22q11) in the neoplastic cells. These cases were found in a series of 319 patients with clonal chromosomal abnormalities studied over a 7-year period. Fourteen patients had diffuse lymphoma, mainly of large cell type and the remaining six were follicular lymphomas. All cases studied were of B-cell phenotype. A t(3;14)(q27;q32) was commonest, found in 15 patients (4.7%), with the two variant translocations, t(3;22)(q27;q11) and t(2;3)(p12;q27), being found in three and two patients, respectively. Additional chromosomal defects were present in most patients, but two patients had this type of translocation as the sole abnormality. These results indicate that translocations involving band 3q27 and Ig genes are not uncommon, and suggest that a novel oncogene, located at band 3q27, may be implicated in B-cell NHL.
Laboratory study of cryogenic fracturing of concrete samples

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

While hydraulic fracturing has revolutionized hydrocarbon production from unconventional resources, waterless, or reduced-water technologies, are actively being sought due to concerns arising from its heavy dependence on water and clay swelling in water sensitive formations. Although today it is possible to fracture with liquefied petroleum gas or CO2, there has been very limited research on fracturing using cold liquefied gas. Some simple immersion tests to determine the effectiveness of liquid nitrogen as a fracturing fluid have been conducted with promising results (Grundmann 1998); however, there are no known comprehensive laboratory studies that exhaust the use of liquid nitrogen to determine its effectiveness. This study investigates the feasibility of wellbore fracturing by using pressurized cryogenic fluids to create a thermal gradient generating local tensile stresses on the borehole surface. The thermal tensile stress adds to the stresses incurred by pressurization, which, in many cases, leads to lowered breakdown pressure.
Firing Between Two Spike Thresholds: Implications for Oscillating Lobster Interneurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An identified interneuron in the lobster commissural ganglia fires spikes only between membrane potential values of -60 and -30 millivolts. The membrane potential of this neuron can also oscillate, and interaction between these two properties has important implications in determining the firing pattern of the neuron itself and the modalities of driving of a distant postsynaptic neuron.
634-P: Improvement of Care for Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients through a Self-Care Multidisciplinary Workshop: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease that requires multidisciplinary patient-centered treatment. Although important, promoting self-care strategies is still a challenge. Methods: Patients with T2DM and poor glycemic control (HbA1c &gt; 7.5%) were randomly assigned to participate in the Self-Care Multidisciplinary Workshop for Diabetes (MW) or usual care (UC). The MW consisted of 15-minute individual meetings with each T2DM providers (nurse, pharmacist, dietitian, physical educator and social worker) to approach diabetes self-care topics. It was offered in 3 different modules through 12 weeks aiming to bring knowledge and skills necessary for patients to improve their diabetes care. UC included 3 brief meetings in which printed educational folders were provided. Both groups maintained standard care at outpatient T2DM clinic with endocrinologists. Generalized estimating equation model was performed to assess HbA1c, Diabetes-related Quality of Life and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaires variation from baseline to 12 months. Results: Ninety-six patients (59 ±9 years-old, 60% women, diabetes duration of 16 ±10 years, 62% medium-low/low socio-economic status, HbA1c 9.6 ±1.4%) were included. Variation from baseline of HbA1c [UC -0.52% (CI 95% -1.08 to 0.26) vs. MW -0.30% (CI 95% -1.05 to 0.45) p=0.072], healthful eating plan in the last 7 days (d) [UC -0.22 d (CI 95% -1.27 to 0.82) vs. MW -0.03 d (CI 95% -0.85 to 0.79) p=0.15] and foot exam in the last 7 d [UC 0.51 d (CI 95% -0.75 to 1.77) vs. MW 1.1 d (CI 95% -0.16 to 2.39) p=0.329] to 12 months were not different between groups. There was a decrease in worry about future effects of diabetes in MW [-0.46 (CI -0.81 to -0.12)], not found in UC [0.11 (CI -0.20 to 0.42) p=0.004]. Conclusion: A short-term MW reduced worry about diabetes but failed to improve glycemic control and self-care activities in long-standing T2DM patients of a low-income country. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03074383. Disclosure S. Piccoli Garcia: None. G.H. Telo: None. J. Schneiders: None. C. Blume: None. G. Berlanda: None. K. Sparrenberger: None. A.N. Gossenheimer: None. M.M. Madalosso: None. L.G. Bottino: None. A.S.O. Schein: None. A.C.P. Macedo: None. L. Helal: None. C. Christofoli: None. L.P. Santos: None. B.D. Schaan: None. Funding Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
Cloning and SNP Analysis of rDNA-ITS2 of Anopheles anthropophagus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To clone and analyse rDNA-ITS2 of Anopheles anthropophagus, study the unique feature and Single Nuclear Polymorphism of rDNA-ITS2. Methods DNA was extracted from Anopheles anthropophagus and the rDNA-ITS2 sequences of Anopheles anthropophagus was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were purified and ligated to T-vector. The positive clones were selected by plating on amp+LB agar plate and identified by PCR, EcoR-Ⅰdigestion and DNA sequencing. Results 556 bp full fragment of rDNA-ITS2 of Anopheles anthropophagus was cloned. The six cloned ITS2 sequences of Anopheles anthropophagus showed 99.6% homology,with transversion and insertion Single Nuclear Polymorphism. There were one A→T transversion,one G→T transversion and one T insertion. Conclusion SNPs were found in the rDNA-ITS2 gene of Anopheles anthropophagus.
An Adaptive Digital Fuzzy Architecture forApplication‐Specific Integrated Circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A generic fuzzy logic system implementation in digital hardware is presented in this paper. The architecture developed is oriented to Application‐Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), and its functionality is demonstrated through a typical ASIC for a simple control application. Furthermore, a distributed adaptation scheme is proposed for real‐time environments. Performance/area tradeoffs for VLSI implementation are also discussed.
Detection of pulsating flows in an ultrasonic flow meter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters present advantages for district heating applications, since they are accurate, non-intrusive, and cheap. However, such flowmeters are sensitive to velocity profile variations since the flow rate is measured in the volume area between two ultrasonic transducers. Ultrasonic flowmeters are therefore sensitive to installation effects. Installation effects could be either static or dynamic. A pulsating flow is a dynamic installation effect. In the field, the diagnostic can only be performed with the measured flow rate. Flow measurements with and without pulsating flow have been recorded in a flow meter calibration facility. The detection of a pulsating flow can be made by using Hinich's harmogram. It is possible to detect harmonics that emerge from the noise by using the harmogram.
Development strategy and brand management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter looks at development strategy, growth and brand management and illustrates how these three entities are interlinked in a practical context and how they can be used to establish a transformative programme to deliver growth in an internationally managed hospitality organization. The processes involved are demonstrated by the example of Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) use of the principles in its business transformation. The structure is in six sections is as follows: Historical context General definitions Strategy: Creating value and shaping the future Strategic brand management IHCL's Journey of transformation Conclusion
Learning to Learn: How to Continuously Teach Humans and Machines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Curriculum design is a fundamental component of education. For example, when we learn mathematics at school, we build upon our knowledge of addition to learn multiplication. These and other concepts must be mastered before our first algebra lesson, which also reinforces our addition and multiplication skills. Designing a curriculum for teaching either a human or a machine shares the underlying goal of maximizing knowledge transfer from earlier to later tasks, while also minimizing forgetting of learned tasks. Prior research on curriculum design for image classification focuses on the ordering of training examples during a single offline task. Here, we investigate the effect of the order in which multiple distinct tasks are learned in a sequence. We focus on the online class-incremental continual learning setting, where algorithms or humans must learn image classes one at a time during a single pass through a dataset. We find that curriculum consistently influences learning outcomes for humans and for multiple continual machine learning algorithms across several benchmark datasets. We introduce a novel-object recognition dataset for human curriculum learning experiments and observe that curricula that are effective for humans are highly correlated with those that are effective for machines. As an initial step towards automated curriculum design for online class-incremental learning, we propose a novel algorithm, dubbed Curriculum Designer (CD), that designs and ranks curricula based on inter-class feature similarities. We find significant overlap between curricula that are empirically highly effective and those that are highly ranked by our CD. Our study establishes a framework for further research on teaching humans and machines to learn continuously using optimized curricula. Our code and data are available through this link.
Data for analysis of blackbird flock responses toward a spraying drone in an agroecosystem: Importance of flock size, habitat, and time of day

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We evaluated flock responses to a drone capable of spraying when first approached and with 10 minutes of hazing to inform protocols for delivering repellents on agricultural landscapes. We used eye-in-the-sky drones to video the drone with spraying capabilities and capture if flocks took flight within 80 meters (i.e., range of potential spray drift). We measured flight initiation distance (FID) when close approach occurred (i.e., drone ≤80 meters from flock). While hazing, we piloted the drone to 1) repeatedly cut through a flock and create chaos or 2) move along the flock edge to herd birds out of target habitat (i.e., sunflower or cattail). We recorded abandonment, flock reduction, and return rate of birds in response to drone hazing. This study was implemented between September 2019 through October 2020 in multiple counties in North Dakota, USA where blackbird damage to sunflowers is prevalent. This data publication contains the data and R code used to analyze these data.
We designed this study to evaluate the blackbird flock response to a drone capable of spraying when first approached and with 10 minutes of hazing to inform protocols for delivering repellents on agricultural landscapes.
For more information about this study and these data, see White et al. (2025).
Darwin; Charles Darwin: A New Life; Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence; One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Darwin; Charles Darwin: A New Life; Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence; One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought Get access Darwin.— A. Desmond and J. Moore. 1992. Warner, New York. 832 pp. $35.00 (Britain: 1991. Michael Joseph, London. 808 pp. £20.00).Charles Darwin: A New Life.— J. Bowlby. 1991. W. W. Norton, New York. xiv + 511 pp. $24.95.Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence.— P. J. Bowler. 1990, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, England, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. xii + 250 pp. $21.95.One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought.— E. Mayr. 1991. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. xv + 195 pp. $19.95 (Britain: 1992. Viking Press, London. £17.99). G. Nelson G. Nelson American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York10024, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 41, Issue 3, September 1992, Pages 397–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/41.3.397 Published: 01 September 1992
Comparison of the Efficiencies of Selection Indices for Three Traits in Two Variety Crosses of Corn1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The gains expected from selection based on five selection indices of three types, i.e., simple multiplicative and additive indices, and indices constructed by formal statistical procedures (Smith's index) involving three traits (grain yield, stalk lodging, and dropped ears) and also based on single traits were calculated in two variety crosses of corn ( Zea mays L.). Economic importance was assigned to stalk lodging and dropped ears by assuming that a 1% increase hi either trait results in a 1% decrease in grain yield. The gain in machine‐harvestable yield expected from selection based on I 1 (multiplicative index) was 54 and 29% above that based on yield alone in the B ✕ SS and B ✕ K populations, respectively, while the increases from the use of I 5 (Smith's index) were 56 and 32%. The possible utility of I 1 is discussed.
Weber, Rationalisation and Western Industrialisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will focus attention on Max Weber's treatment of the development of modern industrial society in Western Europe. Weber's treatment of rationality and the increasing rationalisation of the everyday world lies at the centre of his analysis of the development of industrial capitalism, which has been considered by many sociologists to constitute an alternative explanation to that advanced by Marx. Marx stresses the centrality of ownership of property and the way this is reflected in the relations of production, with the wage labourer selling his labour power to the bourgeois owner of capital. This opposition to Marx is an over-simplification of Weber's position and in this chapter it should become clear that on many issues Marx and Weber agreed. None the less part of Weber's importance is that his ideas have influenced the growth of theories of industrial development, especially those theories which have attributed only minor importance to the distribution of ownership of property. Weber's scepticism about the possibilities of socialism reversing the tendencies within industrialism, which he thought might form an 'iron cage' for the individual, made Weber's thought an ideologically compatible starting point for many Western sociologists, certainly up to the 1970s.
Optimal Control of a Reverse Osmosis Plant for Brackish Water Desalination Driven by Intermittent Wind Power

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work addresses the design of an online control system that continuously regulates a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant driven by wind power aided by water storage tanks. The control objective is to produce the exact hourly water demand in the presence of wind power intermittency, disturbances, and operational limitations. The manipulated variables are the RO feed pressure and the active number of RO vessels. The control system helped to decrease the annual water deficit by 20% under nominal conditions and when the plant is under the influence of disturbances. Moreover, the control system managed to decrease the annual water deficit by 73% when the plant operated under a shortage of an active number of wind turbines and RO vessels. The loss of redistributed production ratio (LPb) and the loss of raw production ratio (LP) were used as the controlled variables representing the proposed control objective. LPb was superior to LP by creating conservative control actions that produce the required water demand without violating the required water purity.
Long-term consumption of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) in combination with phytosterols prevents atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-knock-out mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying pathology of CVD. Dietary treatment may be considered as one of the initial steps in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Replacing refined carbohydrate source of a cholesterol- enriched diet with antioxidant rich whole grain and inclusion of phytonutrition in the diet such as wild rice and phytosterols may reduce cardiovascular risk factors. The wild rice (Zizania palustris L.), an annual plant native to aquatic areas of the northern America, receives much attention by researchers because of its potent nutritional and phytochemical contents. Furthermore, another dietary component with cardiovascular benefits is the inclusion of plant sterols in our daily diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherogenic activity of wild rice in combination with phytosterols in LDL-r-KO mice. Male LDL-r-KO mice were divided into 4 groups receiving one of the following experimental diets for 20 weeks: 1. Atherogenic diet, 2.Wild rice (as the main source of dietary carbohydrates) diet, 3. 2% Phytosterols-enriched diet and 4. Diet containing both wild rice and 2 % phytosterols. Blood samples were collected through jugular vein during study, and at sacrifice through cardiac puncture; the heart and fecal materials were collected and used for biochemical and histological examinations. The supplementation of wild rice in combination with phytosterols to an atherogenic diet for up to 20 weeks significantly reduced the total plasma concentrations of cholesterol (TC) in LDLr-KO mice. However, there was no significant difference in triglyceride (TG) in wild rice in combination with phytosterols after 20 week exposure of diet. Further, wild rice in combination with phytosterols resulted in increased fecal excretion of cholesterol. Also, there was reduction in the development of atherosclerotic lesion in the group of mice supplemented with wild rice in combination with 2% phytosterols (w/w). Our data support that combination of plant sterols and wild rice does not have additive effect in lowering cardiovascular risk.
The role of α-tubulin acetylation in the regulation of murine sperm motility

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sperm motility is a vital function required for fertility and is a consequence of interactions between components of the axoneme in the sperm flagellum. Microtubules, made up of α and β-tubulin, are a central component of the axoneme and undergo various post translational modifications. One such modification is the acetylation of the lysine 40 residue of α-tubulin which is carried out by α-tubulin acetyltransferase (α-TAT1), and is deacetylated by the activities of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and SIRT2. Recently, research has implicated α-tubulin acetylation in the regulation of sperm motility. The work presented in this thesis therefore aimed to study the influence that the state of α-tubulin acetylation has on sperm function by assessing the role of α-tubulin deacetylation in sperm motility modulation. To do this, murine sperm were treated with the HDAC6-specific inhibitor, tubacin; the general Class I and II HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA); and the general Class III HDAC inhibitor, nicotinamide. Exposure to the inhibitors did not significantly affect sperm motility or levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Furthermore, high baseline levels of acetylated α-tubulin were found in sperm. Subsequent examination of HDAC activity demonstrated that HDAC6 was active and could be inhibited in live murine sperm. Taken together, the results indicated that HDAC6 activity in sperm was low, suggesting that highly acetylated α-tubulin may be important for sperm function. As acetylation is indicative of microtubule stability, the effect of microtubule destabilisation using the drug, nocodazole, was assessed. Both α-tubulin organisation and acetylation remained intact in sperm following treatment, though nocodazole was found to significantly enhance certain motility parameters. This thesis therefore reports the novel finding that treatment with a microtubule depolymerising drug can alter sperm motility, indicating that subtle changes in microtubule conformation may influence flagellar motion which could have important implications for infertility caused by impaired sperm motility.