jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prediction of mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composite modified by nanoparticles using multiple explainable machine learning algorithms

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The complex interdependencies between constituent materials and processing conditions of Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites enhanced with nanoparticles hinder the accurate prediction of their performance. This study introduces an interpretable machine learning framework to predict tensile and flexural strength in nanomodified CF/epoxy composites. A comprehensive dataset comprising 174 tensile and 108 flexural data points was curated from 50 peer-reviewed studies, encompassing 12 key input parameters such as fiber layers, nanoparticle size and type, and processing conditions. Four regression models were trained using 5-fold cross-validation and assessed via R2, MAE, and RMSE. The Decision Tree and Gradient Boosting models achieved the highest test R2 scores of 0.983 and 0.931 for tensile and flexural strength, respectively, while XGBoost showed consistent performance across both. To overcome the black-box nature of these models, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were employed to elucidate feature importance and interactions. For tensile strength, fiber layer count, sonication temperature, and curing temperature were dominant contributors, while flexural strength was most influenced by curing duration, sonication duration, and particle type. This integrative approach not only enhances predictive accuracy but also delivers actionable insights into process-property relationships, paving the way for data-driven composite design and accelerated materials development in advanced engineering applications.
Mismatch of Skills: A Measurement Issue and Unexploited Potential at Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Quantifies the magnitude of unused skills and underexploited potential within Ghana's labor force, examining the proportion of the employed population who do not use their skills at work, and weighing evidence of skills and education mismatching in the labor market. Several of the cognitive and job-specific skills captured in the Skills Toward Employment and Productivity (STEP) survey relate to the intensity of use of these skills at work or outside work. A clear connection between the availability of skills and the use of skills at work exists, whether the skills prove cognitive or work related. Moreover, the use of the skills at work appears to explain the difference between objectively measured and self-reported skills. Those who work in low-skilled occupations will more likely report higher skills than those measured objectively through the literacy assessment.
Considerations on the Design Strategy of Professional Big Data Cloud Platform for Chest Pain Center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The establishment of a professional big data cloud platform with the chest pain center as the core can not only collect, process and analyze various types of rapidly changing mass data in the clinical work of the chest pain center in real time, but also provide personalized services to individuals and connect individuals, hospitals and health management institutions through the mobile Internet channel. This paper summarizes and proposes matters that should be noted in building this platform: The design should focus on the actual business operation and management requirements and meet the infrastructure requirements of the big data cloud platform. It should be considered as a whole from the regional level to the hospital level, and the architecture design and standards should be considered vertically and horizontally; It is recommended to unify patient identification numbers and to be compatible with existing data systems. At the initial stage of the construction of the cloud platform, a tertiary hospital should be the core, and all kinds of medical resources such as hospitals, nursing institutions, nursing homes and pharmacies at all levels should be gradually opened. The functional integration design strategy of the chest pain center workstation should be integrated with the electronic medical record system as the core, making full use of the original PACS system and equipment of the hospital to automatically collect time trajectory and examination data of the whole process of patient's medical treatment. Meet the hospital's quality control and management needs of the platform. The ultimate goal is to reduce the mortality of patients with chest pain.
Parameter control in evolutionary algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The issue of controlling values of various parameters of an evolutionary algorithm is one of the most important and promising areas of research in evolutionary computation: it has a potential of adjusting the algorithm to the problem while solving the problem. In the paper we: 1) revise the terminology, which is unclear and confusing, thereby providing a classification of such control mechanisms, and 2) survey various forms of control which have been studied by the evolutionary computation community in recent years. Our classification covers the major forms of parameter control in evolutionary computation and suggests some directions for further research.
Empirical evidence of ESG premium in the U.S. corporate bond market: a propensity score matching approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explore the connection between ESG scores and corporate bond performance, particularly credit spreads, by adopting a propensity score matching (PSM) approach, enabling a balanced comparison between a control group and one exposed to the ESG treatment effect. The results indicate that bonds issued between 2010 and 2020 by MSCI-rated ESG leaders across all industry sectors are priced at an average lower credit spread of 14.3 basis points (bps) relative to laggards, in the primary market. This credit spread difference persists in the secondary market and increases further when bonds of financial issuers are separated from non-financial sectors. In contrast, the impact of ESG disclosure on bond credit spread results is negligible. The willingness of investors to accept a discount on the credit spreads of a bond issued by highly rated companies offers potential incentives for broader adoption of ESG performance assessment.
Exponentially stable breather solutions in nonautonomous dissipative nonlinear Schrödinger lattices

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider damped and forced discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}$. First we establish the existence of periodic and quasiperiodic breather solutions for periodic and quasiperiodic driving, respectively. Notably, quasiperiodic breathers cannot exist in the system without damping and driving. Afterwards the existence of a global uniform attractor for the dissipative dynamics of the system is shown. For strong dissipation we prove that the global uniform attractor has finite fractal dimension and consists of a single trajectory that is confined to a finite dimensional subspace of the infinite dimensional phase space, attracting any bounded set in phase space exponentially fast. Conclusively, for strong damping and periodic (quasiperiodic) forcing the single periodic (quasiperiodic) breather solution possesses a finite number of modes and is exponentially stable.
An Analytical Study of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Number of “Saheefa”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Saheefa” is renowned research journal of Pakistan. Scholars need to consult its contents for seek of knowledge, literary taste and to flourish their researches, and a reader can get a pleasant food of knowledge as well. Since 1956, the year of its beginning, “Saheefa” get and has been maintaining a graceful status of a research journal. It has been publishing valuable research works during his 65 years life. “Saheefa” is also in practice of publishing its special numbers on special events and personalities accordingly, presenting their works and services appraise worthy. Majlis Traqi e Adab has published a special issue of “Saheefa” on 200th Birthday of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. In this special issue, a number of articles of this special issue are included regarding great works and services of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan for Islam and betterment of Muslims of Subcontinent. All writers of the articles threw the light in their writings on different aspects through various angles on great works and services of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. The writer of this article highlighted the key features of mentioned articles in detail. She discusses the importance of each article in view of the life and achievements of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan towards Urdu Literature, politics of India and social issues of the Muslims of the Sub-Continent
Research of inclusion complexation of 4,4′-Thiodiphenol effected by β-cyclodextrin in aqueous solutions and the effect on photodegradation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The inclusion behavior of 4,4′-Thiodiphenol (TDP), a typical bisphenol and endocrine disruptor, reacts with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous solutions has been investigated by means of UV absorption spectrum and quantum-chemical calculation with Gaussian 98 software. The results show that the inclusion behavior of TDP is quite different in acidic solutions (pH 5.9) from that in alkaline solutions (pH 10.0). This behavior difference is attributed to the different formula structures in aqueous solutions at acidic and alkaline pH values that are demonstrated by quantum-chemical modeling and calculation. TDP forms a 1: 1 β-CD inclusion complex in aqueous solutions. The equilibrium constant K was calculated to be 553.49 L/mol at pH 5.9 and 1 318.20 L/mol at pH 10.0 respectively for the inclusion complex reaction by using the modified Benesi-Heldbrand equation. After inclusion TDP’s structure is changed especially at the inclusion part with the bond order becoming larger, which results in inhibitive photodegradation during direct photooxidation and H2O2 assisted photooxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dihydroxylation with Me‐O‐Polyethyleneglycol‐Bound Ligands.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Can International Environmental Cooperation Be Bought?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this working paper a two-stage game of international environmental agreement formation with asymmetric countries is analytically solved. The equilibrium of the game allows to determine the number of countries interested in signing the agreement. Two cases are studied. In the first case, the countries differ only in the abatement costs, and in the second case, in the environmental damages. In both cases, two different institutional settings, one without side payments and another with side payments, are considered. The results establish that the asymmetry assumption has no important effects on the scope of cooperation in comparison with the symmetric case if side payments are not used or the only difference among countries is given by the abatement costs. However, when the only difference is given by the environmental damages, the result is that the level of cooperation that can be bought through a self-financed side payment system increases with the degree of asymmetry.
Superiority of Functional over Structural Neuroimaging in the Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For a 68‐year‐old man with the syndrome of primary progressive aphasia, functional brain imaging techniques (single‐photon emission computed tomography and topographic electroencephalographic mapping) proved superior to anatomical imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) in delineating the left temporal lobe abnormality.
Exact Solutions of a Nonclassical Equation with a Nonlinearity under the Laplacian

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study a nonlinear partial differential equation that models processes occurring in a semiconductor medium. Six classes of exact solutions of this equation expressed via elementary and special functions are obtained. The qualitative behavior of these solutions is analyzed. We show that some of them are bounded and some of them “blow up” (become infinite in finite time).
DFM: where's the proof of value?

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

How can design teams employ new tools and develop response methodologies yet still stay within design budgets? How much effort does it require to be an early adopter and what kind of measurable results compensate for this effort? Panelists discuss how their design-for-manufacture (DFM) tools fit into a fixed design methodology, budget and timeline, and give examples of expected ROI (monetary, quality, reduced time-to-market, and comprehensive yield). The aim of this panel is to provide a serious comparison of related DFM technologies on the market and some idea of the cost and difficulty of integrating the tools into a fixed design budget and timeline. Specific results are cited, along with examples of expected ROI (monetary, quality, reduced time-to-market, and comprehensive yield enhancement). The audience should walk away with enough information to make an informed decision on which companies would make sense for their DFM challenges, to reach their own yield and throughput goals.
Other Topics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Here we round up three topics not covered elsewhere in the book. The first is embedded tense, which gives rise to two main puzzles: sequence of tense (embedded past tense that seems not to be interpreted) and double access (embedded present tense that seems to be anchored both to the utterance time and to the matrix evaluation time). We discuss theories of tense in attitude reports that grapple with these puzzles. The second topic is Neg Raising: sometimes, a negated attitude report seems to be interpreted as though the negation were embedded in the complement clause (e.g., a salient reading of Beatrix doesn’t think it’s raining is Beatrix thinks that it’s not raining). We discuss syntactic solutions (negation is pronounced high but interpreted low) as well as semantic/pragmatic solutions (the unexpected interpretation is the result of a semantic or pragmatic inference). Finally, the third topic is intensional transitive verbs, which create attitude reports with ordinary direct objects rather than complement clauses (e.g., Beatrix wants a frisbee or Beatrix is looking for Polly). We discuss the implications of such sentences for the status of intensionality in grammar.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Iatrogenic Hyperprolactinemia By Antipsychotics : Preliminary Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Long-term iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia due to antipsychotics (APS) is associated with physical issues such as osteoporosis, hypogonadism, dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk due to an increased arteriosclerotic process. There are few studies on cardiovascular risk in the psychiatric population. Objective: To evaluate the association of Chronic Iatrogenic Hyperprolactinemia with vascular structure and function in patients treated with antipsychotics.Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. We recruited 27 patients (15 men, 12 women) aged 43.8 (9.6) years in treatment with antipsychotics.
Profiles of seroconversion to porcine circovirus type 2 in herds affected and not affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of serological methods in the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The study was carried out in 4 PMWS-affected and 6 control farms. Based on the serological profiles, infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was determined to take place at 3–7 weeks of age in the PMWS-affected and at 3–11 weeks of age in the control farms. To compare the dynamics of seroconversion to PCV2 among farms, cross-sectional serological profiles were normalised in relation to the inferred age of infection. The results indicated that the proportion of seropositive pigs increased significantly slower in the affected herds. The most pronounced difference was observed about 4 weeks after infection, when the proportion of seropositive pigs ranged from 0 to 53.3% and from 70 to 100% in PMWS-affected and control herds, respectively. Mean antibody titres at that age were also significantly lower in the affected farms. These observations suggest a delay in the production of PCV2-specific antibodies and indicate that serological methods may be helpful in identifying herds with a high risk of PMWS.
Table_3_Microbial Community Analysis and Food Safety Practice Survey-Based Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Controlled Environment Hydroponic/Aquaponic Farming Systems.XLSX

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Hydroponic and aquaponic farming is becoming increasingly popular as a solution to address global food security. Plants in hydroponic systems are grown hydroponically under controlled environments and are considered to have fewer food safety concerns than traditional field farming. However, hydroponics and aquaponics might have very different sources of microbial food safety risks that remain under-examined. In this study, we investigated the microbiomes, microbial hazards, and potential bacterial transmission routes inside two commercial hydroponic and aquaponic farming systems using 16S-ITS-23S rRNA sequencing and a hydroponic food safety practice survey. The hydroponic farming system microbiome was analyzed from the fresh produce, nutrient solution, tools, and farmworkers. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the main components of hydroponic/aquaponic farming systems, with Pseudomonas being the most abundant genus in fresh produce samples. We further identified the presence of multiple spoilage bacteria and potential human, plant, and fish pathogens at the subspecies level. Spoilage Pseudomonas spp. and spoilage Clostridium spp. were abundant in the hydroponic microgreen farm and aquaponic lettuce farm, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated the mapping of Escherichia coli 16s-ITS-23s rRNA sequence reads (∼2,500 bp) to small or large subunit rRNA databases and whole-genome databases to confirm pathogenicity and showed the potential of using 16s-ITS-23s rRNA sequencing for pathogen identification. With the SourceTracker and overlapping amplicon sequence variants, we predicted the bidirectional transmission route between plants and the surrounding environment and constructed the bacteria transmission map, which can be implemented in future food safety risk control plans.</p>
Solvent-extraction purification of neptunium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Savannah River Site (SRS) has recovered {sup 237}Np from reactor fuel that is currently being processed into NpO{sub 2} for future production of {sup 238}Pu. Several purification flowsheets have been utilized. An oxidizing solvent-extraction (SX) flowsheet was used to remove Fe, sulfate ion, and Th while simultaneously {sup 237}Np, {sup 238}Pu, u, and nonradioactive Ce(IV) was extracted into the tributyl phosphate (TBP) based organic solvent. A reducing SX flowsheet (second pass) removed the Ce and Pu and recovered both Np and U. The oxidizing flowsheet was necessary for solutions that contained excessive amounts of sulfate ion. Anion exchange was used to perform final purification of Np from Pu, U, and various non-actinide impurities. The Np(IV) in the purified solution was then oxalate-precipitated and calcined to an oxide for shipment to other facilities for storage and future target fabrication. Performance details of the SX purification and process difficulties are discussed. (authors)
[The control and regulation of gas exchange in membrane oxygenators of the MOST-122 stationary type during open heart surgery].

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A system of controlling the perfusion parameters and the efficacy of extracorporeal gas exchange is described. The system has been developed and employed for the control and regulation of gas exchange in the MOST-122 oxygenators manufactured in the USSR and based on selective composition membranes. The system allows an expeditious assessment of gas exchange disorders which may occur during AC and extracorporeal oxygenation as well as their high-accuracy correction, reaching optimal modes of ventilation.
Against High-Caste Polygamy: The English Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This is the first-ever complete, annotated English translation of Ishvarchandra Vidyasagar’s 1871 tract calling for colonial government legislation to abolish the practice of high-caste polygamy, or Kulinism, among Hindu communities in Bengal. The original work is structured around Vidyasagar’s detailed replies to a series of seven objections that had been raised around the idea of prohibiting Kulin marriage practices within Brahmin and Kayastha caste communities. In the course of answering these objections, Vidyasagar draws upon tools and strategies he had deployed successfully when advocating government legislation to promote Hindu widow marriage. Readers will discover once again Vidyasagar’s unique ability to gather, translate, and comment on a range of classical and early modern works of Hindu legal literature. At the same time, however, Against High-Caste Polygamy also employs an additional set of discursive and rhetorical tools in order to press its case. Vidyasagar not only publishes new kinds of statistical data that he had gathered regarding the prevalence of plural marriages in Bengal, he also provides a kind of sociological depiction and analysis of the status and fate of women married into polygamous families. Using his impressive skills at narrative, he provides numerous moving anecdotes to bring home to his readers the harsh conditions faced by many young wives and widows of his day. All of this is supported by his ground-breaking attempt to recount the historical origins and subsequent degradation of Kulin customs, drawing in part on genealogical sources that were only just beginning to come in for critical scrutiny in the late-colonial moment. The work is rich with concrete data and imaginative social descriptions and concludes with a supplementary discussion of the opinions of two prominent Sanskrit scholars who sought to oppose Vidyasagar’s proposal.
Drive to boost health checks in England is criticised

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The government is pushing to get more people aged 40 to 74 years to undergo health checks after finding patchy implementation of its policy and uptake rates of around just 50%.

However, specialists in public health are concerned that the checks are ineffective and may lead to unnecessary tests and treatment.

John Middleton, vice president of the UK Faculty of Public Health, told the BMJ that the “jury is still out on health checks.” He added, “This is a route through which people are being foisted with unnecessary tests and private sector involvement.”

He said that plain packaging of tobacco products, a minimum price on a unit of alcohol, a sugar tax, and standards for school meals were all very low cost policies that the government could have adopted instead of health checks and that their benefits would have been seen across “a very wide population.”

The Labour government introduced health checks in …