jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Childhood ADHD on Adult Labor Market Outcomes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While several types of mental illness, including substance abuse disorders, have been linked with poor labor market outcomes, no current research has been able to examine the effects of childhood ADHD. As ADHD has become one of the most prevalent childhood mental conditions, it is useful to understand the full set of consequences of the illness. This paper uses a longitudinal national sample, including sibling pairs, to show important labor market outcome consequences of ADHD. The employment reduction is between 10-14 percentage points, the earnings reduction is approximately 33%, and the increase in social assistance is 15 points, which are larger than many estimates of the black-white earnings gap and the gender earnings gap. A small share of the link is explained by education attainments and co-morbid health conditions and behaviors. The results also show important differences in labor market consequences by family background and age of onset. These findings, along with similar research showing that ADHD is linked with poor education outcomes and adult crime, suggest that treating childhood ADHD can substantially increase the acquisition of human capital.
‘It is not only an artist village, it is much more than that’1. The binding and dividing effects of the arts on a community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The value of ‘the arts’ in community development is increasingly being recognized. This paper contributes to emerging insights on the various impacts of the arts on communities by highlighting when and how they can have binding and dividing effects on a community. We draw on a participatory research project conducted in Pingjum, a village in the Netherlands that hosts many cultural activities and in which many artists live. We discuss how the arts in Pingjum influence the community in the village. In our discussion, we pay attention to the sense of community that the arts generate, the meeting opportunities they provide and how the community is engaged by some artists. Our study shows that the influence of the arts is context-dependent, with the arts having both binding and dividing effects on the community in Pingjum. In terms of the value of the arts for community development, we emphasize three key issues: that the arts (i) do not have only advantages for a community; (ii) do not engage the entire community; and (iii) could potentially contribute to community fragmentation. Given these issues, we argue that the arts should be considered as one of several supportive means in community development processes. Ideally, they are integrated into a wider community development strategy and planning, and exist alongside other associations and activities in a community. In this way, the arts can contribute to the robustness of a community and assist it in developing the capacity and resources to flourish.
Review of deep fluids in sedimentary basins and their influence on resources, with a focus on oil and geothermal exploitation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Deep fluid activity is widespread in large oil-gas basins around the world. Deep fluids, as the links between internal and external factors of a basin, run in the way of organic-inorganic interactions through the oil-gas formation and aggregation. Herein, the identification characteristics of deep fluids in sedimentary basins as well as their influence on oil-gas reservoir formation and geothermal resource are summarized. The deep fluids of sedimentary basins are identified from three aspects, including mineral composition, fluid inclusions, and geochemical characteristics. The effects of deep fluid activities on oil-gas reservoir formation are manifested in two key aspects of matter and energy. As for the matter effects, deep fluids can improve the primary productivity of sedimentary basins and carry abundant inorganic hydrogen, which contributes to improving the hydrocarbon productivity through hydrogenation. As for the energy effects, the heat energy of deep fluids can promote the mature evolution from organic matter to oil and gas. During this process, the heating of deep fluids will cause the oil-generation window depth of the hydrocarbon source rocks to become thinner, and it will also generate very high pressure, which will promote the discharge of abundant hydrocarbons formed by the hydrocarbon source rocks. Furthermore, deep fluids can directly form volcanic rock oil-gas reservoirs. And another manifestation of deep fluid energy is geothermal. And the thermal energy of deep fluids can directly form hot dry rocks, which is the most important existing form of geothermal resources. The geological exploration of hot dry rocks should be supported by further geochemical and geophysical research.
TRANSVERSE LAG SCREW FIXATION IN MIDLINE MANDIBULOTOMY A CASE

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Vertical midline mandibulotomy has provided a relatively simple and efficient means of obtaining access to intraoral tumors that are too large or too posterior to be removed transorally. Midline mandibulotomy has had the advantage of nerve and muscle preser-vation and places the osteotomy outside the typical field of radiotherapy, in contrast to lateral and paramedian osteotomies. Plate and screw fixation has been the usual means of osteosynthesis for these mandibulotomies; however, plate contouring over the symphy-seal surface has been a time-consuming process. Unless the plate was contoured exactly, mandibular malalignment and malocclusion in dentulous patients has occurred. Use of parallel transverse lag screws has become a popular method of osteosynthesis for parasymphyseal fractures, and we have extended their use for mandibulotomy fixation. This paper reports our clinical experience with transverse lag screw fixation of midline mandibulotomies in 9 patients from 1994 to 1997. There were 7 men and 2 women with a mean age of 56 (range 35 to 71 years). The pathological diagnosis in all patients was squamous cell carcinoma; 8 cases were primary, and 1 patient presented with recurrent tumor. No tumors involved the mandibular periosteum. One patient had had previous radiotherapy, and 3 patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy. The mean follow-up has been 17 months (range 9 to 27). There was 1 minor complication and 1 major complication related to our technique. The major complication was a delayed nonunion of the mandibulotomy. This occurred because the 2 parallel screws were placed too close to one another, and this placement resulted in a delayed sagittal fracture of the anterior cortex and subsequent nonunion. Transverse lag screw fixation has not affected occlusion in our dentulous patients. Speech and diet were normal in the majority of our patients. Transverse lag screw fixation of the midline
Early Writing: Dickens 1847–1854

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The late 1840s witnessed Wilkie preoccupied with his efforts to find patrons for his biographical tribute to his father. Letters to George Richmond, Robert Peel, Benjamin Disraeli, Alaric A. Watts and William Etty, among others, are chiefly concerned with this object. An important, lengthy letter [17 June 1850] to his father's close American friend, the author R.H. Dana, ranges over a variety of topics such as the state of England, the lack of leadership in the country, Landseer's popularity, Macaulay's profits and reminiscences of earlier family tours to Italy and Wordsworth's fear of cholera.KeywordsMonday MorningSaturday MorningGuide BookFriday MorningTuesday MorningThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondria (PN-101) attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NFκB signaling pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Shin-Hye Yu, Soomin Kim, Yujin Kim, Seo-Eun Lee, Jong Hyeok Park, Gayoung Cho, Jong-Cheon Ha, Hahnsun Jung, Sang-Min Lim, Kyuboem Han, Hong Kyu Lee, Young Cheol Kang & Chun-Hyung Kim. BMB Reports 2022;55:136-41. https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2022.55.3.083
Adverse reaction to X-Prep

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

X-Prep (Napp Laboratories) is a senna-containing laxative that is widely used for bowel preparation prior to radiological examination. We report the case of a patient who had an adverse reaction following its administration. Examination revealed generalized abdominal tenderness, but no evidence of peritonism. Fresh bleeding was noted on sigmoidoscopy; however, the mucosa appeared normal. Blood pressure was 170/100 with a pulse rate of 110 per minute in atrial fibrillation.
Boric acid and tetraborates [BAT Value Documentation, 2017]

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated boric acid and tetraborates. Available publications are described in detail. MAK values for boric acid and tetraborates of 10 mg boric acid/m 3 I (1.8 mg boron/m 3 ) or 5 mg disodium tetraborate pentahydrate/m 3 I (0.75 mg boron/m 3 ; also valid for other tetraborates and their hydrates) were established on the basis of the acute irritation effect to the respiratory tract. Additionally a potentially relevant systemic effect is a possible reproductive damage (effect on male fertility and embryotoxicity), only to be expected at concentrations above about 30 mg boron/m 3 . Exposures at such high levels have not been described even under worst case occupational hygienic conditions. Due to the main local irritant effect the biological threshold values can only be derived from a correlation with the air concentration. There is a quantitatively comparable relationship between the total boron intake and its urinary excretion. The boron excretion caused by background exposure is subject to considerable variations, therefore the occupational exposure is obtained from the difference in boron excretion between post‐shift and pre‐shift urine. From this, for an exposure at the level of the MAK values, 8.5 mg boron/g creatinine is obtained as shift increment for urinary boron excretion in the case of boric acid and 4 mg boron/g creatinine in the case of borates. These values refer to the individually determined difference between the boron concentration in post‐shift and pre‐shift urine. Owing to the fact that local irritation is the main effect and that there is no systemic toxicity at this concentration, no biological tolerance value (BAT value) was derived.
Roentgen Diagnosis of Fibromuscular Hyperplasia of the Renal Arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal artery has recently been reported as a cause of renal arterial stenosis and secondary hypertension in a small number of cases. Leadbetter and Burkland (2) first described the entity in a five-and-one-half-year-old Negro boy. DeCamp and Birchall (1) reported a case in a twenty-three-year-old male. McCormack et al. (3) added 3 examples but did not mention the sex of their patients. Poutasse and Dustan (5) described "fibrous intimal proliferation" in the renal artery of 2 young persons with hypertension but they, also, failed to designate the sex. Wylie and Wellington (6) pointed out characteristic features of fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal artery in 3 patients and made reference to an additional 5 cases. The following report emphasizes the roentgen findings in 11 patients with fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal arteries seen within a period of two years, including the cases described by Wylie and Wellington. Ten were investigated at the University of California Medical Center and 1 at the Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco, Calif. The patients were all females between fifteen and forty-nine years of age, with hypertension known to have been present one week to twelve years. The blood pressure elevation was mild in 1 case and moderate to severe in the remainder, with a preoperative range of 170/100 to 250/140. In 3 patients the hypertension was asymptomatic. All but 1 had an audible systolic bruit in the upper abdomen. To date 9 of the patients have been explored surgically. In each, the stenotic lesion in the renal artery or arteries was found to be due to hypertrophy of the muscular elements and, to a lesser extent, to the fibrous connective-tissue elements of the media of the vessels. Arterial reconstructive procedures were performed in all cases with the exception of 1 in which nephrectomy was done. Following operation, blood pressure returned to normal levels in 5 and decreased significantly, but not to normotensive levels, in 3 patients. Hypertension returned in 1 instance after an initial postoperative decrease in blood pressures; renal arteriography demonstrated development of further arterial stenosis. Roentgen Features Location: Unlike arteriosclerotic narrowings of the renal arteries, which tend to occur predominantly within the medial third of the vessel, fibromuscular hyperplasia appears to involve primarily the middle and/or distal third and may extend into the proximal branches of the main renal artery. In the present series the right renal artery alone was involved in 7 patients, both arteries in 3, and the left artery in 1. Appearance: In each instance the area of involvement presented a distinctive appearance on renal arteriography. The most common configuration is best described as a contrast-outlined image resembling a string of beads of varying size (Fig. 1, A and B).
Splicing factor PRP-19 regulates mitochondrial stress response

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Animals respond to mitochondrial perturbation by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to induce the transcription of mitochondrial stress response genes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, activation of UPRmt allows the animals to maintain organismal homeostasis, activate the innate immune response, and promote lifespan extension. Here, we show that splicing factors such as Precursor RNA processing 19 (PRP-19) are required for the induction of UPRmt in C. elegans. PRP-19 also modulates mitochondrial perturbation-induced innate immune response and lifespan extension. Knockdown of PRP-19 in mammalian cells suppresses UPRmt activation and disrupts the mitochondrial network. These findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and controls innate immunity and lifespan through splicing factors.
Full wave simulations of pulsed focused fields in a nonlinear tissue mimic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to simulate focused ultrasound fields in nonlinear tissue, a full wave pseudospectral finite difference model has been developed. Unlike models based on the KZK equation, this model can predict wide-angle propagation effects as well as tissue backscatter, essential for pulse-echo medical imaging. This simulation program is capable of including broadband pulse propagation, causal attenuation, nonlinearity (B/A), and inhomogeneities. Harmonics beyond the solver’s Nyquist limit are removed numerically and quantified. To facilitate comparison to data and to expedite calculation, the model has been adapted for circularly symmetric transducers. As input to the program, waveforms are taken from hydrophone scans close to the faces of 2.25- and 5-MHz focusing transducers. Simulations are compared to data taken in water and in front of and behind a tissue mimicking cylinders of tofu, which are sliced repeatedly to give transmitted and reflected pressure data versus thickness. Tissue inhomogeneities are simulated by voids in the tofu. Acoustic properties of the mimic are measured separately. B/A is extracted numerically from observed harmonic generation versus input pressure and range.
Randomized Control Trial of the 3Rs Health Knowledge Training Program for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Persons with intellectual disabilities ( ID ) experience a wide range of health problems. Research is needed on teaching persons with intellectual disabilities about their health to promote self‐advocacy. This study used a RCT to evaluate a health knowledge training program for adults with intellectual disabilities and verbal skills. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to training ( n = 12) or no training control ( n = 10) groups. Topics included key body organs, systems, functions, health maintenance and illnesses. Participants played a game answering questions (e.g. ‘What does the heart do?’). Instruction involved visuals (e.g. PowerPoint slides), cueing, modelling and feedback. The control group received pre‐, post‐ and follow‐up tests as the training group. Results The training group had significantly higher overall post‐test and follow‐up health knowledge test scores than the control group. Conclusions Health knowledge training is one step in promoting health self‐advocacy and better health in persons with intellectual disabilities.
‘More than Marking and Moderation’: A Self-Study of Teacher Educator Learning through Engaging with Graduate Teaching Performance Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Global attention continues to focus on the quality of teaching, teacher quality, teacher education programs and the preparation of graduates who are ready to teach. This self-study research focuses on one aspect of the preparation and assessment of graduates for teaching: the marking and moderation of a Teaching Assessment Performance (TPA), a mandated assessment tool implemented in Australian universities and education institutions that is used as one key determinant to assess graduate readiness for the profession. While there is a developing field of research related to the implementation and effectiveness of TPAs, less is known about the teacher educator expertise required to mark and moderate these assessments. The purpose of this self-study, conducted at Federation University, a regional university in Australia, aimed to identify and examine teacher educator marker and moderator experience and expertise through the establishment of a professional learning community (PLC). Using audio-recorded transcripts of team meetings and teacher educator vignettes, the data were analysed using NVivo and were individually and collectively categorised and coded. Reflecting in and on our practice, we focused on critical moments, interactions, and experiences to interrogate the data. The key themes included: 1) collaboration through marking and moderation; 2) reflection through critical engagement; 3) growth as a teacher educator and 4) enactment in teacher educator practice. This self-study of practice, using a PLC, enabled us to make our often-tacit knowledge, understanding and expertise explicit, and provided frameworks and structures for enacting this new knowledge in practice. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Google wave gadget/robot applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many users of conventional instant messaging and email system face obstacles such as generation gap and language barrier, etc. With the emergence of Googlewave communication platform, many creative and innovative ideas can be realized. In this project, a multi-tasked intelligent robot in Java is developed. This robot embedded in the Googlewave provides users with helps from automatically translation of abbreviations to dictionary service, in real-time environment. Algorithms in detection of abbreviations and translation are also developed in this project. Moreover, as the value-added capability of the robot, language translation and vulgar filter services added in the robot make the system more useful and innovative. Various debugging and troubleshooting methods are also discussed to enhance the capability of the robot in Googlewave platform.
An improved SVDU-IKPCA algorithm for Specific Emitter Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A forecast learning method of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is presented for specific emitter identification (SEI) application. By constructing a symmetrical decomposition of the kernel matrix, we derived a new algorithm of incremental KPCA. Based on it, the forecast capability is developed by creating dummy samples whose kernel vectors are an extrapolation of the kernel matrix. The advance of the algorithm is verified in the SEI numerical experiment.
Balloon- and Mechanical-Expandable Transcatheter Heart Valves for Mitral Valve-in-Valve and Valve-in-Ring Procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Valve-in-valve (ViV) or valve-in-ring (ViR) procedures using transcatheter heart valves (THV) in cases of failing mitral valve bioprostheses or rings are established as therapeutic alternatives to redo surgery in high risk patients. We herein report our single center experience in patients undergoing mitral ViV or ViR procedures with balloon (BE)- or mechanical expanding (ME) THV.
The Mindful Interactions (MI) tool: promoting student mental health in tertiary education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This conceptual paper introduces the Mindful Interactions (MI) tool designed to enable university teaching academics to promote student mental health and in so doing, impact positively on academic outcomes. The MI tool is comprised of three elements: understandings to provide theoretical guidance which inform pedagogy, practices to provide strategies for translating theory into practice, and guiding principles which provide a catalyst for critical reflexion, challenge existing beliefs, and create a shared vision from which to work. Relationships are at its core, acknowledging that university students report teacher-student relationships as key to their mental health. Issues related to university student mental health, of which psychological distress is an important component, have been well documented and exacerbated since the onset of COVID-19, increasing demands on universities to meet student mental health needs. It is contended in this paper that understanding the causes of psychological distress, particularly in relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, offers an alternative lens through which to view student mental health. This lens suggests additional ways of thinking about how university teaching academics and universities might proactively respond to student mental health needs. Cultural Historical Activity Theory informed the theoretical framework for the study, whilst two ‘approaches’ (the ‘Three Pillars of Trauma-informed Care’ and ‘Trust Based Relational Intervention’) along with associated trauma literature underpinned the development of the MI tool.
Quantifying the Reversibility Phenomenon for the Repeat-Sales Index

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The reversibility phenomenon for the repeat-sales index (RSI) is a serious obstacle for the derivatives products; it could hinder their introduction or their success. It is also an undesirable characteristic for the management of the real estate risk. This article provides a general solution for this problem, using an informational reformulation of the RSI framework. We present first a theoretical formula, easy to interpret and easy to handle, before implementing it. Our methodology is robust in the sense that its conclusions are not conditioned by any specific dataset; moreover, the numerical estimations of the reversibility percentages are reliable. For the derivatives our technique has strong implications for the choice of the underlying index. Indeed, even if the reversibility of the RSI is probably higher compared to the hedonic one, this index remains a challenger because of the predictability and the quantifiability of its revisions.