jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the planting dates effect on yield and yield attributes of spring wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera (NWFP) Pakistan during 200405 on seven wheat cultivars/advance lines (Saleem-2 000, Haider-2000, PR-83, PR-84, PR-85, PR-86 and PR-87) to identify the most suitable time of planting and jud ge their performance under late sowing in the centr al agro-ecological zone of NWFP, Pakistan. Five planting dates were used from October 25 th to December 5 th with 10 days interval in a randomized complete block design with split-plot ar rangement replicated thrice. Sowing dates effect wa s studied in main-plots and varieties/advance lines in sub-plots . Data were recorded on days to maturity, plant hei ght, spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight an d grain yield. Delay in sowing decreased values of all the parameters. Decrease in days to maturity of various cultivars ranged from 9% (PR-83) to 12% (Saleem-2000), plant height from 10.5% (PR-84) to 26% (PR-85), grains/spike from 14.6% (PR-87) to 33.4 % (Haider-2000), 1000-grain weight from 3.5% (PR-83) to 28.7% (Haider-2000) and grain yield from 45.2% (PR-83) to 59% (PR-86) when sowing was delayed from October 25 th to December 5 th . Larger decreases in grain yield despite comparati vely smaller decreases in grains/spike and 1000-grain weight sho wed the importance of seed germinability and the nu mber of productive tillers per unit area in late sowing. Th e significant sowing date x genotype interaction fo r all the parameters especially the grain yield highlighted the importan ce of further research for evolving new varieties t hrough crosses, other indigenous sources and/or introduction/select ion that give higher yield if sown late in the crop ping pattern of central NWFP having maize or sugarcane.
Effects of a wheat germ-enriched diet on skeletal muscle regeneration

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One of the common ingredients used in dietary supplements is wheat germ and its derivatives. In this study the effect of a wheat germ-enriched diet (WGED) on tissue repair was investigated in a model of skeletal muscle damage induced by the anesthetic bupivacaine. Rats were fed normal feedstuff or a WGED; injections of bupivacaine caused skeletal muscle necrosis followed by tissue regeneration. Morphometric analyses were performed on the muscles in order to quantify cell size and nuclei migration toward the cell periphery because these are indices of muscle regeneration. Statistical analysis shows that myoblast maturation, determined by nuclei migration to a peripheral position, was significantly delayed in rats fed WGED compared to rats fed the control diet. No statistically significant differences were observed in the myocellular areas. This study provides evidence that dietary wheat germ can interfere with muscle regeneration.
Sustainable Chemistry – An Interdisciplinary Matrix Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Within the framework of green chemistry, the continuous development of new and advanced tools for sustainable synthesis is essential. For this, multi‐facetted underlying demands pose inherent challenges to individual chemical disciplines. As a solution, both interdisciplinary technology screening and research can enhance the possibility for groundbreaking innovation. To illustrate the stages from discovery to the implementing of combined technologies, a SusChem matrix model is proposed inspired by natural product biosynthesis. The model describes a multi‐dimensional and dynamic exploratory space where necessary interaction is exclusively provided and guided by sustainable themes.
Bactericidal activity of normal cord serum (NCS) against Gram-negative rods with sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Sialic acids, that are important constituents of animal tissue glycoconjugates, are also present in antigens of some bacterial strains. Capsular polysaccharides with sialic acid have been extensively studied whereas little is known on lipopolysaccharides which contain sialic acid. The susceptibility of Gram-negative strains with sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides to the bactericidal action of the sera of newborns was examined. The strains investigated showed variable sensitivity to the bactericidal action of normal cord serum.
Kabuki Syndrome: a case report with severe ocular abnormalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by five fundamental features, the "Pentad of Niikawa": dysmorphic facies, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, mild to moderate mental retardation and postnatal growth deficiency. Patients present characteristic external ocular features, nonetheless they may also present significant ocular abnormalities. We report a case of a brazilian child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome, addressing the clinical features observed, with emphasis on the ocular manifestations. This case highlights the existence of this syndrome and all of its complexity. The identification of preventable causes of loss of vision underlines the value of detailed ophthalmologic examination of Kabuki syndrome patients.
Understanding and leveraging cell metabolism to enhance mesenchymal stem cell transplantation survival in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, stem cell—specifically, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs)—therapies have fallen short of their initial promise and hype. The observed marginal, to no benefit, success in several applications has been attributed primarily to poor cell survival and engraftment at transplantation sites. MSCs have a metabolism that is flexible enough to enable them to fulfill their various cellular functions and remarkably sensitive to different cellular and environmental cues. At the transplantation sites, MSCs experience hostile environments devoid or, at the very least, severely depleted of oxygen and nutrients. The impact of this particular setting on MSC metabolism ultimately affects their survival and function. In order to develop the next generation of cell-delivery materials and methods, scientists must have a better understanding of the metabolic switches MSCs experience upon transplantation. By designing treatment strategies with cell metabolism in mind, scientists may improve survival and the overall therapeutic potential of MSCs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of plausible metabolic switches in response to implantation and of the various strategies currently used to leverage MSC metabolism to improve stem cell-based therapeutics.
Effect of high‐pressure treatment and storage temperature on top‐quality (Montanera) Iberian dry‐cured pork sausages (chorizo)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The stability after hydrostatic high pressure (HHP) (600 MPa/8 min/10 °C) and 180 days of storage at 4 and 20 °C was evaluated on Iberian dry‐cured pork sausages (chorizo) packaged sliced or as half‐pieces from pigs raised outdoors. Microbiological, physical–chemical, oxidative, and sensory changes were analyzed. The evolution of mesophilic aerobic and molds and yeasts counts was different in the half and sliced packaged pork sausages after processing and during storage. Sliced and half‐packaged pork sausages had instrumental color stability after HHP and during storage. TBA‐RS values were quite stable in both products. Protein oxidation values of pork sausage in half‐products were increased by at 20 °C. In sliced pork sausage, both HPP and 20 °C storage favored the development of protein oxidation at the end of storage. In the sensory analysis, the sliced product developed more rancidity than the half‐pieces during the storage. Therefore, the storage temperature has great importance for the preservation of dry‐cured pork sausages, the increases of protein oxidation, and rancidity could reduce the shelf‐life at these conditions. The presentation of the product is also relevant when HHP is applied, and this would also compromise the stability of the product when it is stored at room temperature. Practical Application Chorizo is a traditional dry‐fermented pork sausage that is generally considered to be microbiologically safe. However, the initial contamination of the raw materials, and some processes, such as the slicing or packaging, can compromise the safety of these products. Additionally, packaged dry‐cured sausages require long shelf‐life, and although they are normally stored at refrigeration temperature; sometimes, they are preserved at room temperature. The application of hydrostatic high pressure could increase the safety of dry‐cured meat products even when they are stored at room temperature. Initial characteristics of each type of pork sausage could determine their technological behavior during processing or during storage under different conditions.
Pacific Asia after ‘Asian values’: authoritarianism, democracy, and ‘good governance’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 1997 Asian economic crisis discredited the international discussion about 'Asian values' in Pacific Asia, replacing it with a globalised 'good governance' discourse. The financial breakdown undermined claims by Asian autocrats that government should be based on authoritarian 'Asian values', not 'Western democracy'. Yet, seven years later, authoritarian regimes in the region are flourishing while the new democracies flounder. Why have dictatorships, not democracies, prospered politically since the Asian financial crisis? Pacific Asia began as an 'imagined community' of developmental dictatorships, making authoritarian development the 'original position' against which democratic governance is judged. While the demise of 'Asian values' contributed to the fall of the Suharto regime in Indonesia, it did less harm to authoritarian regimes in more economically developed Malaysia and Singapore. The US‐led anti‐terror coalition provided several authoritarian rulers in Pacific Asia with welcome support from the West, while allowing them to weaken internal opposition. The new democracies, by contrast, faced international pressures to combat terrorism, often arousing local protest. Finally, middle class‐based reformist movements have risked destabilising the region's new democracies in the name of good governance.
Clinical characterization of 72 patients with del(22)(q11.2q11.2) from different ethnic backgrounds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), caused by a deletion del(22)(q11.2q11.2), is the most frequently observed microdeletion syndrome. There is a vast clinical heterogeneity in DGS, and several studies suggested also heterogeneity of clinical signs and phenotypic appearance to be related to ethnic differences. Here, clinical characteristics of 72 patients with molecular diagnosed deletion del(22)(q11.2q11.2) derived from different countries from Europe, America, Africa, and Asia are summarized and compared. Results Unless ethnic differences, the expected major clinical signs were present in all cases. Frequent clinical manifestations found in this study were congenital heart disease with 68% (49/72), followed by dysmorphic features found in 61% (44/72); neurodevelopmental disorders were present in 43% (31/72) and thymus hypoplasia/aplasia in 32% (23/72). However, clinical features of the patients appeared/were recognized at different times during their lives. Within the group, under 2 years predominated heart disease, dysmorphic features, and hypocalcemia and/or hypoparathyroidism. In the group older than 2 years, the following combination of clinical findings was most frequent: dysmorphic features, congenital heart disease, intellectual disability, and immunological disorders. In the eight cases detected prenatally, abnormal sonographic findings were the major clinical signs (cardiovascular malformations and renal malformations). Conclusions Despite the heterogeneous nature of the sample analyzed, a number of clinical findings could be highlighted to be useful for the clinical delineation of this DGS. Interestingly, diagnostic indicators may vary depending on the age at diagnosis. Finally, apparent differences in DGS patients from different regions seem to be rather due to applied test systems than to real differences in patients from different ethnicities.
Biodistribution of 3-[$^{131}I$]iodo-O-methyl-L-${\alpha}$-methyltyrosine in Tumor Bearing Rats: A Comparison Study with L-3-[$^{131}I$]iodo-${\alpha}$-methyltyrosine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 3-[]iodo-O-methyl-L--methyltyrosine ([]OMIMT) as an agent for tumor image. Materials and Methods : After synthesis of 4-O-methyl-L--methyltyrosine (OMAMT), OMAMT was labeled with [] using Iodogen method. In vitro cellular uptake study was performed using 9 L gliosarcoma cells at various time points upto 4 hr. The biodistribution (five rats implanted with the 9 L gliosar-coma cells per group) was evaluated at 30 min, 2 hr, 24 hr after iv injection of 3.7 MBq []OMIMT or L-3-[]iodo--methyltyrosine []IMT). Gamma camera images were obtained at 30 min, 2 hr and 24 hr. Results: []OMIMT uptake was 3.3 times and 2.5 times higher than []IMT uptake at 30 min and 60 min, respectively and same after 2 hr in in vitro study using 9L gliosarcoma cells. Maximum accumulation in tumor occurred at 30 min for both []OMIMT and []IMT in tumor bearing rats. The tumor uptake of []OMIMT was significantly higher than that of []IMT at early time point studied ( vs ID/g at 30 min and vs ID/g at 2 hr, respectively, p vs ID/g). Tumor was visualized as early as at 30 min in gamma camera images. Conclusion: These data suggested that []OMIMT might be a useful tumor imaging agent and has more advantage for the tumor imaging compared to []IMT
Building Bridges for Babies in Foster Care: The Babies Can't Wait Initiative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT In 2001, the New York State Permanent Judicial Commission on Justice for Children, chaired by New York State's Chief Judge Judith Kaye, developed the Babies Can't Wait Initiative to maximize the well‐being and permanency prospects of infants in foster care. This court‐based innovation became a path to healthy development for babies in foster care, a bridge to unprecedented collaboration among the New York City Family Court, child welfare system, and service providers and merged knowledge about child development with court and child welfare practice. This article tells the story of the Babies Can't Wait Initiative—its creation, implementation, successes, and lessons.
Increased JNK Phosphorylation and Oxidative Stress in Response to Increased Glucose Flux through Increased GLUT1 Expression in Rat Retinal Endothelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

GLUT1 overexpression and increased glucose flux result in increased oxidative stress and JNK phosphorylation in immortalized rat retinal endothelial cells. Further studies are needed to understand molecular events after increased glucose flux in retinal endothelial cells and the relation between increased oxidative stress and JNK phosphorylation.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Containing Sarcomatous Lesions in a Normal Liver, Accompanied by Secondary Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kishino, Tomonori MD; Mori, Hideaki MD; Nishikawa, Kaori MD; Ishiyama, Narihiro MD; Yasui, Hideaki MD; Sugiyama, Masanori MD; Atomi, Yutaka MD; Sakamoto, Michiie MD; Saito, Shozo MD; Ishida, Hitoshi MD; Takahashi, Shin'ichi MD; Watanabe, Takashi MD Author Information
The Devonian coelacanth <i>Miguashaia bureaui</i>.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>A, Adult fossil specimen (MHNM 06–41) and drawings of its second dorsal (B) and anal (C) fins. Note the occurrence of merging segments (m.seg) at the base of the fins. Arrows point anteriorly. An. f, anal fin; bif, bifurcation; Caud. f, caudal fin; Dors. f, dorsal fin; L, lepidotrichia; Pect. f, pectoral fin; Pelv. f, pelvic fin; PR, proximal radial; seg, segmentation.</p>
Daily experiences of hangover severity and food consumption in young adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives Our aim was to determine whether alcohol hangover is associated with eating unhealthy foods (hot chips, soft drink) or healthy foods (fruit, vegetables). Design Daily diary study across 13 days (micro‐longitudinal design). Methods We examined a sample of 605 young adults (71% women; ages 17–25; mean age 19.91 [ SD 1.86] years) who completed daily diaries in the university community and reported drinking alcohol at least twice during the 13‐day study period. Each day, participants reported on their hangover severity, their consumption of fruit, vegetables, hot chips (French fries), and soft drink, and their alcohol consumption from the previous day. Linear mixed models were used to examine within‐person associations between hangover severity and food consumption, by gender. Exploratory models also controlled for previous day alcohol consumption to acknowledge potential variability in hangover susceptibility. Results On days when participants reported higher severity of hangovers, they reported consuming more hot chips ( β = .09, p = .001), more soft drink ( β = .08, p = .001) and less fruit ( β = −.06, p = .05). In our exploratory model controlling for previous day alcohol consumption, the predictive effect of hangover severity on hot chips remained ( β = .08, p = .009) and significant interaction effects were observed between gender and previous day alcohol consumption on fruit ( β = −.03, p = .003) and vegetable ( β = −.03, p = .03) servings. Conclusions Higher hangover severity may lead to greater intake of some unhealthy foods such as hot chips, an effect that may not be reduceable to those associated with alcohol consumption per se. Interventions that target excessive drinking primarily, but also emphasize the importance of a healthy diet, should be considered for this population.
Application of High-resolution MR reconstruction technique, Precise IQ Engine (PIQE) for Flow Sensitive Black Blood (FSBB) Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: To apply the Precise IQ Engine (PIQE), a new high-resolution MR reconstruction technique, for Flow Sensitive Black Blood (FSBB) imaging. Goal(s): To evaluate the usefulness of PIQE comparing the super-resolution FSBB images reconstructed from low-resolution FSBB images with short acquisition time using PIQE, low-resolution FSBB images, and high-resolution FSBB images. Approach: On three FSBB images, cerebral microbleed (CMB) was identified and image quality was assessed for 121 patients who underwent FSBB images for CMB detection. Results: PIQE made CMBs, blurred due to low resolution, clearly visible. PIQE-FSBB has image quality comparable to high-resolution FSBB even with shorter scan time. Impact: PIQE, a technique that reconstructs high-resolution images from low-resolution images, was applied for FSBB imaging. The super-resolution FSBB reconstructed from low-resolution FSBB with short acquisition time had good quality, and was comparable to high-resolution FSBB for cerebral microbleeds detection.
Flat and depressed colorectal tumours in a southern Swedish population: a prospective chromoendoscopic and histopathological study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Flat and depressed colorectal tumours are common in Japan but are very rare or non-existent in Western countries. Aims: To study the occurrence of flat colorectal tumours in a southern Swedish population. Methods: In this prospective study, 371 consecutive European patients were examined by high resolution video colonoscopy combined with chromoendoscopy. The nature of the lesions was determined by histopathological examination. Results: A total of 973 tumours were found; 907 (93.2%) were protruding and 66 (6.8%) were flat or depressed. Of the flat/depressed tumours, five (7.7%) were early adenocarcinomas infiltrating the submucosa. Eleven carcinomas (1.2%) were found among protruding tumours. High grade dysplasia was observed in 18% (n=11) of flat/depressed adenomas in contrast with 7.3% (n=65) of protruding adenomas, and occurred in smaller flat/depressed tumours compared with protruding ones (mean diameter 8 mm v 23 mm, respectively). Furthermore, high grade dysplasia was significantly more common in flat elevated tumours with central depression or in depressed adenomas (35.7%; 5/14) than in flat elevated adenomas (12.8%; 6/47). Conclusion: Flat and depressed tumours exist in a Western population. Future studies should address whether or not chromoendoscopy with video colonoscopy is necessary in the search for flat colorectal neoplasms.
Superoperator Approach to the Theory of Hot Nuclei and Astrophysical Applications: I—Spectral Properties of Hot Nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The method of superoperators in Liouville space was applied to study spectral properties of hot nuclei. It is shown that properly defined fermionic superoperators allow us to generalize the equation-of-motion method to hot nuclei. Within the superoperator approach, for the nuclear model with separable particle–hole residual interaction of Landau–Migdal type, we derived the equations of thermal quasiparticle random phase approximation, which allow the spectral densities and strength functions of charge-exchange and charge-neutral excitations of hot nuclei to be calculated in a thermodynamically consistent way, i.e., without violating the principle of detailed balance. For the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model, a thermodynamically consistent way is proposed for going beyond the random phase approximation by considering the interaction of thermal phonons. Using the Donnelly–Walecka method and the superoperator approach, expressions for cross sections of semileptonic weak reactions with hot nuclei are obtained.
Synthesis of Novel Covalently Linked Dimeric Phthalocyanines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We report the syntheses of the dimeric homonuclear Pcs 9a and 9b and of the dimeric heteronuclear Pc 9c , starting from the unsymmetrical phthalocyanines 7a and 7b , each containing a phenolic OH group in one of its substituents. Compounds 9a and 9b were obtained by single‐step alkylations of 7a and 7b with 1,6‐dibromohexane or, in better yields, by coupling of Pcs 7a and 7b with the bromoalkyl‐derivatized Pcs 8a and 8b , while 9c was prepared by treatment of 8a with Pc‐Ni complex 7b . The dimeric Pcs 9a – 9c show strong cofacial intramolecular association in solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Simulation of damage growth in pre-notched cylindrical test specimens using continuum damage mechanics model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ductile fracture occurs due to micro-void nucleation, growth and, finally coalescence into micro-cracks. These micro-cracks grow as the deformation progresses. Nowadays, continuum damage mechanics model is employed as one of the tools to predict the micro-crack initiation. In this work, damage growth in different types of notched specimen in tension test is studied using this model. A new non-linear damage growth law proposed by the authors, based on the experimental results at IIT Kanpur, is used. It is well-known that, in round (i.e. without a notch) specimen, the triaxiality increases at the center but remains constant at the outer surface as the deformation progresses. However, in notched specimen, the trend of the variation of the triaxiality with equivalent plastic strain is different at the center than at the outer surface. Therefore, the location of the maximum damage and hence that of the micro-crack initiation can shift from the center to the outer surface depending on the notch radius. It is observed that the failure strain in notched specimen is much less than that in the round specimen as reported in the literature.