jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of Vesiucular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Establishment of Effectively Nodulated Legumes on Moderately Weathered Oxisol Subjected to Simulated Erosion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of simulated erosion on the population and activity of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, and to define the levels of chemical inputs necessary for successful establishment of effectively nodulated and mycorrhizal cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) in a soil subjected to simulated erosion. Erosion was simulated by removing the top 30 cm of the Wahiawa soil (Tropeptic Eutrustox). Removal of top soil resulted in a significant decrease in the population and activity of VAM fungi. When the infectivity of soil was increased by inoculation with different strains of VAM fungus, there was no improvement in plant growth, indicating, that nutrients were, perhaps, limiting. Experiments were then conducted to determine the influence of P, lime, organic residue, Mo and inorganic Non mycorrhizal activity and plant growth. The growth of mycorrhizal cowpea and leucaena was significantly improved when the eroded and uneroded soils were amended with phosphorus. The results showed that the level of P is very critical for the symbiosis between VAM fungi and hosts. There appear to be threshold, optimum and inhibitory levels of soil solution P for mycorrhizal activity. The optimum soil solution P level for mycorrhizal activity was found to be 0.026 mg/l. At this P level the difference in plant growth that existed between the eroded and uneroded soils in the absence of added P disappeared. Liming the eroded soil to pH 6.0 was beneficial to mycorrhizal cowpea and leucaena. Amendment of the soil samples with organic residue and Mo was not beneficial to the test legumes whereas the application of inorganic Nat the rate of 25 ppm increased the growth of mycorrhizal cowpea and leucaena in the eroded soil. Nodule dry weight and shoot N status of plants were also increased significantly by adding 25 ppm N to the soil. Maximum nodule dry weight was observed at 50 ppm N. The nutrients (P, lime and inorganic N) were then combined at their respective optimum levels and tested for the symbiotic interaction between plants and VAM fungi. When the soil samples were amended with these nutrients, there was an increase in mycorrhizal activity and plant growth in the uneroded soil but not in the eroded soil. Inoculating the soil samples (amended with all the nutrients) with G. aggregatum, resulted in a significant increase in mycorrhizal activity and plant growth and the difference that existed between the unamended eroded and uneroded soils disappeared. Application of only basal nutrients did not influence rnycorrhizal activity. The results of these studies demonstrate the possibility of rehabilitating eroded soils by establishing effectively nodulated legumes through VAM inoculation and chemical amendments.
Induction of the RelB NF-κB Subunit by the Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein Is Mediated via Jun Kinase and c-Jun/Fra-2 AP-1 Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated that the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein induces transcription of the gene encoding the RelB NF-κB subunit. The mechanism of this activation has been explored here. We report that the induction of the relB promoter by IE1 protein is mediated via activation of JNK and AP-1. The region controlling relB promoter induction was mapped to the upstream ∼600-bp region between −1694 and −1096 bp. IE1 stimulated AP-1 activity in NIH 3T3 cells. Competition electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed the presence of one bona fide AP-1 element centered at −1503 bp. Introduction of a G-to-C mutation in the AP-1 binding site within the distal region of the relB promoter eliminated its activation by IE1 in both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Supershift EMSA identified c-Jun, Fra-2, and c-Fos in AP-1 binding complexes in IE1 transfected NIH 3T3 cells. IE1 induced c-Jun phosphorylation, and treatment with SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, as well as overexpression of JNK-binding domain of JIP1, blocked IE1-mediated induction of AP-1 and relB promoter activity in NIH 3T3 cells and SMCs. Ectopic expression of c-Jun plus Fra-2, but not c-Fos, induced relB promoter activity. The relB promoter has two proximal NF-κB elements, and c-Jun/Fra-2 worked in synergy with p50/p65 NF-κB complexes. Overall, these findings demonstrate for the first time the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding an NF-κB subunit, and its involvement in induction of RelB activity by the CMV IE1 protein.
Agricultural extension in times of crisis and emergent threats: Effectiveness of a fall armyworm information intervention in Myanmar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agricultural extension can have important impacts on vulnerable populations by increasing food production, which improves both rural incomes and urban food security. Yet, crises induced by violent conflict or disease outbreaks can severe the connections between extension agents and farmers. Understanding how agricultural extension systems can safely and effectively reach farmers in times of crisis could help stabilize agri-food systems in fragile states. In the context of COVID-19, a military coup, and an emergent threat of fall armyworm in Myanmar, this paper uses a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of two cellphone-based extension interventions – a direct-to-farmer and a lead-farmer intervention – for fall armyworm control in maize. Despite low compliance, both interventions caused knowledge improvements. However, damage control estimates show that the lead-farmer group used pesticides most effectively. Similar cellphone-based lead-farmer programs could be an effective tool in fragile states and when faced with emergent threats to agriculture.
Challenges in Burn Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Scoping Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this review is to map and summarize the experiences of various burn centers worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to enable future strategies with regard to the most effective measures in burn care during pandemics and to detect possible gaps in knowledge. Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a major impact on economies, social interactions, and health systems worldwide. Burn units all over the world face a new challenge in maintaining the care of acute burn wounds and follow-up treatments while dealing with constantly changing regulations. Infrastructural changes, the establishment of efficient triage systems, protective measures, personnel resources, in addition to the maintenance of efficient patient care and the guarantee of supply chains, are challenging tasks to be addressed. This review provides an overview of recent developments regarding different strategies and methods used by burn units worldwide to safely overcome the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Publications were screened for the following key terms: burns, burn injuries, thermal injuries, burn center, burn unit, burn ward, in combination with COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Corona, and Coronavirus. Articles dealing with the management of burn units during the pandemic were further analyzed and included. Results: Of the 136 publications, 10 were considered relevant to the key question and were included in the present review. Results were divided into six major topics, such as infrastructural and personnel management, triaging, severe burns and emergencies, elective surgeries, patient and visitor management, and outpatient management. Conclusion: Only a few studies about managing burn units during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published. Personnel resources and equipment needed to be redistributed to cope with country-specific challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and to maintain adequate burn care. Since all of these articles refer to the period of the initial outbreak, a lack of clinical studies exists regarding the prevention measures taken by burn units during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we identified gaps in knowledge about the impact of implemented measures on burn patient outcomes in the published literature. Further studies are mandatory in order to provide generally applicable guidelines regarding COVID-19 prevention measures at a burn unit.
Real-time Stereo Visual Servoing for Rose Pruning with Robotic Arm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a working pipeline which integrates hardware and software in an automated robotic rose cutter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first robot able to prune rose bushes in a natural environment. Unlike similar approaches like tree stem cutting, the proposed method does not require to scan the full plant, have multiple cameras around the bush, or assume that a stem does not move. It relies on a single stereo camera mounted on the end-effector of the robot and real-time visual servoing to navigate to the desired cutting location on the stem. The evaluation of the whole pipeline shows a good performance in a garden with unconstrained conditions, where finding and approaching a specific location on a stem is challenging due to occlusions caused by other stems and dynamic changes caused by the wind
Integrating AI and IoT with Salesforce: A Framework for Digital Transformation in the Manufacturing Industry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the rapidly evolving manufacturing industry, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) platforms like Salesforce has become essential for driving digital transformation. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for leveraging AI and IoT technologies within Salesforce to enhance operational efficiency, optimize production processes, and improve product quality. By analyzing real-time data collected from IoT devices and applying AI-driven analytics within Salesforce, manufacturers can gain actionable insights, reduce downtime, and streamline their operations. A case study of a leading manufacturing company demonstrates the practical application of this framework, highlighting significant improvements in production efficiency and product quality. The paper also explores the broader implications of this integration for various industries, offering a scalable and adaptable model for digital transformation.
John Dewey in Peace and War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

pragmatism work? To ask the question is to risk going against the American grain. During the first half of the twentieth century the philosophy of pragmatism seemed to be America's national creed. Even today, long after its demise, many scholars remain convinced that the rise of pragmatism not only liberated progressive thought from the deductive chains of nineteenth-century conservative ideology, but even resolved the crisis of authority that confronted an American mind coming to terms with twentieth-century modernity. Joining hands with natural science, pragmatism offered empirical methodology as the answer to epistemological doubt. As process replaced truth, the intellect no longer had to ask unanswerable questions about the perennial riddles and ironies of history and philosophy. Man thinking became man doing, and the challenge was not so much to contemplate life as to it. For experience would demonstrate that the problem of authority could be democratized through education and collective inquiry. Indeed experience demonstrated that a problem without a solution was simply not a problem. American scholars could be confident that pragmatism resolved the problems of life because intellectual historians concentrated on its background and development, while philosophers evaluated its theoretical implications in view of the technical issues in philosophy itself. Few historians or philosophers even such astute critics as Arthur O. Lovejoy, Bertrand Russell, and George Santayana studied pragmatic ideas in light of their consequences in human behavior. It seems strangely ironic that an intellectual historian or a philosopher would accept the theoretical claims of pragmatism without examining its actual operations in the daily world of experience. Such behavior presupposes the very formalism that pragmatism sought to overcome the fallacy of accepting at face value what a thinker says rather than what he does, and of treating the propositions of philosophy as tantamount to their validity. The irony lies in the awkward fact that pragmatism may be refuted not so much by logic as by its own criterion of verification: the experience of history may
Financial distress, relative performance and takeovers as drivers for abnormal accruals

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Our article examines abnormal accruals for a large sample of UK firms between 1994 and 2004, standardized so as to control for firm size, profitability, growth, information asymmetry and debt. We find that financial distress, proxied by a bankruptcy prediction model developed for UK firms (Charitou et al., 2004), and profitability relative both to cross-sectional and industry-specific norms, are important determinants of abnormal accruals: this is consistent with Peasnell et al. (2000) and Butler et al. (2004). Our results also confirm the suggestion by Jiraporn (2005) that abnormal accruals for acquired firms do not appear to display a particular ‘sign’.
Particle Breakage Using Wet Mill, Ultrasonic, and\nHydrodynamic Cavitation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In-line fluidic devices\nand mills are often used for controlling\ncrystal size distribution during crystallization. In this work, we\ninvestigated the breakage of organic crystals in three particle breakage\ndevices. Paracetamol was selected as a model API (active pharmaceutical\ningredient). In order to focus the investigation on particle breakage,\nwe have used paracetamol suspended in its saturated solution and eliminated\npossible changes in particle size because of crystallization or dissolution.\nParticle breakage in a wet mill (WM), which is one of the commonly\nused particle breakage devices, is compared with the two cavitation-based\ndevices: one based on ultrasonic or acoustic cavitation (AC) and the\nother based on hydrodynamic cavitation (HC). The particle size distributions\n(PSD) were measured by using laser diffraction. Kapur function analysis\nwas used to study the effect of various conditions, such as rotational\nspeed, intensity, or pressure drop, on the specific breakage rates\nand breakage mechanisms. The vortex-based HC device used in this work\ngenerated more fine particles than any other technique at a similar\npower consumption.
A Framework of Business Rule Extraction from Historic Testing Cases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Business rules could be used to guide the composition of testing cases. However it is difficult for companies to represent or gain their business rules merely depending upon domain experts. Meanwhile, historic testing cases accumulated during previous testing projects provide valuable materials for digging business rules. In this paper, a framework is proposed to extract business rules automatically from historic testing cases to help testing engineers to write new testcases. Firstly, keywords are extracted from historic testing cases based on frequency and freedom of acquired attribute-value pairs. Then, testing cases will be clustered based on semantic similarity of the extracted keywords. Business rules will be discovered and represented by attribute-value pairs. Finally, a case study is demonstrated to verify the validity of the framework.
Momentum, Heat, and Neutral Mass Transport in Convective Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Liquid Systems and Implications for Aqueous Targets

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing interest in the study of plasma-liquid interactions with application to biomedicine, chemical disinfection, agriculture, and other fields. This work models the momentum, heat, and neutral species mass transfer between gas and aqueous phases in the context of a streamer discharge; the qualitative conclusions are generally applicable to plasma-liquid systems. The problem domain is discretized using the finite element method. The most interesting and relevant model result for application purposes is the steep gradients in reactive species at the interface. At the center of where the reactive gas stream impinges on the water surface, the aqueous concentrations of OH and ONOOH decrease by roughly 9 and 4 orders of magnitude respectively within 50 $μ$m of the interface. Recognizing the limited penetration of reactive plasma species into the aqueous phase is critical to discussions about the therapeutic mechanisms for direct plasma treatment of biological solutions. Other interesting results from this study include the presence of a 10 K temperature drop in the gas boundary layer adjacent to the interface that arises from convective cooling and water evaporation. Accounting for the resulting difference between gas and liquid bulk temperatures has a significant impact on reaction kinetics; factor of two changes in terminal aqueous species concentrations like H$_2$O$_2$, NO$_2^-$, and NO$_3^-$ are observed if the effect of evaporative cooling is not included.
Construct face photo of unknown person by partial information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of the project is to attain face image reconstruction from an occluded unknown face image using only partial components of that person based on principal component analysis (PCA). AR2 database is used to forming both training dataset and testing dataset. And all face images will be processed in computer using MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory). The unknown person may wear sunglasses that cover his or her eyes or wear a mask which covers almost half of the face. During the 8-month project period, divide-and- conquer method is adopted to achieve the final foal step by step, and MATLAB code is programmed according to the PCA algorithm at different stage of the project. A user interface has been successfully designed to increase the interactivity of the project for testing. The GUI makes it more convenient for user to see and compare the original and reconstructed face image. What’s more, it allows user to choose different training dataset and modify the different value of each parameter according to the user’s preference to the features of specific photo group.
THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL EXTRACT, FRACTIONS OF WATER, ETHYL ACETATE AND n-HEXANE FROM MISTLETOE TEA (SCURRULA ATROPURPUREABL. DANS)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract, fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from mistletoe tea (Scurrula atropurpurea Bl. Dans).Methods: Simplicia extracted using soxhlet equipment with 96% ethanol. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Screening of phytochemical and antioxidant activity was performed against these fractions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry with ascorbic acid as standard. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method of Farnsworth.Results: The IC50 values of ethanol extract, water fraction, fraction of ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction were 21.92 ppm, 89.57 ppm, 14.08 ppm, and 162.09 ppm, respectively, whereas for ascorbic acid was 4.41 ppm. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction contained compounds were the same group, polyphenolic, tannins, flavonoids, monoterpenoid, steroids, triterpenoids, and quinones. Fraction of water contained compounds such as polyphenolic group, flavonoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. n-hexane fraction compounds contained steroids and triterpenoids.Conclusion: The ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction showed antioxidant activities. The ethanol extract, fractions of water, and ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoids and polyphenolic potential as antioxidants.Keywords: Mistletoe tea, Scurrula atropurpurea, Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ascorbic acid.
Analysis of the antigenic profile of uveal melanoma lesions with anti-cutaneous melanoma-associated antigen and anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The reactivity of 12 surgically removed uveal melanoma lesions with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to 14 membrane-bound and 2 cytoplasmic cutaneous melanoma-associated antigens (MAA), to the 2 subunits of HLA Class I antigens and to the gene products of the HLA-D region was compared with that of cutaneous melanoma lesions and correlated with their histiotype. The membrane-bound determinants defined by the anti-Mr 92,000 and 45,000 MAA MoAb TP39.1, anti-Mr 110,000 MAA MoAb M111, anti-Mr 118,000 MAA MoAb TP36.1, anti-Mr 115,000 MAA MoAb 345.134, anti-ICAM-1 MoAb CL203.4 and anti-Mr 31,000 MAA MoAb M2590, and the cytoplasmic determinants defined by the anti-MAA MoAb 465.12 and 2G-10 display a distribution in uveal melanoma lesions similar to that in cutaneous melanoma lesions. On the other hand, membrane-bound determinants defined by the anti-Mr 100,000 MAA MoAb 376.96, anti-9-O-acetyl-GD3 ganglioside MoAb ME311 and anti-GD2-GD3 ganglioside MoAb ME361 were not detected in the uveal melanoma lesions tested. Furthermore, the membrane-bound determinants defined by the anti-GD3 MoAb R24, anti-nerve growth factor receptor MoAb ME20.4, anti-Mr 97,000 MAA MoAb 140.240, anti-carcinoembryonic antigen MoAb B1.1 and anti-HMW-MAA 149.53, 225.28, and 763.74 have a markedly lower expression in uveal than in cutaneous melanoma lesions. Incubation of uveal melanoma lesions with the pool of the MoAb 149.53, 225.28, and 763.74 recognizing distinct and spatially distant determinants of the HMW-MAA increased the intensity of staining of six lesions and stained four lesions which were not stained by the individual monoclonal antibodies. The distribution of HLA Class I antigens in uveal melanoma lesions resembles that in cutaneous melanoma lesions, since they are expressed in all the lesions of the mixed and epithelioid type but were not detected in those of the spindle type, i.e., the counterparts of nevocellular nevi. HLA Class II antigens are expressed with a lower frequency in uveal than in cutaneous melanoma lesions, since they were detected only in 2 of the 12 lesions. One of them is of the mixed type and the other one of the epithelioid type. Besides HLA antigens the determinants defined by the anti-carcinoembryonic MoAb B1.1, anti-ICAM-1 MoAb CL203.4, and anti-GD3 MoAb R24 displayed a differential distribution in the different histiotypes of uveal melanoma, since they are preferentially expressed in lesions of the mixed and epithelioid type.