jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
National Bond Microfinance Program in Welfare Organization of Iran; Goals, Service Pattern, Challenges, and Future Path

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background and Objective: Despite the establishment of various institutions and organizations in the realization of women's rights and education, and despite the considerable costs, women are suffering from the problems of economic and cultural poverty. Therefore, the Welfare Organization decided to alleviate their problems with the national microfinance program. The purpose of this study was to explain the goals, service model, challenges, and future path of this national program in the Welfare Organization. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2016. Participants included managers and experts of Welfare organization in 31 provinces of the country, 21 members of public mediators and collaborative and stakeholder organizations, and five senior managers of social deputy in the Welfare Organization. Data were collected using document analysis and interviews with experts and analyzed by the content analysis method. Results: The national microfinance program was implemented with the aim of expanding the family economy, utilization of villagers with unsecured bank loans and empowering them, and promoting employment, micro-businesses, and enhancing the savings and banking skills of the target group. The unfamiliarity of external stakeholders, the troubled banking system, the short-term outlook, and the inflexibility of managers and the transfer of duties to the private sector were identified as program challenges. The executive strategies include increasing financial support from self-help groups, reducing interest rates on loans paid by the Agricultural Bank, opening an account in the name of the group, repaying loans in installments, increasing awareness of the legality of the program, increasing the percentage of local executives' fees and creating an entrepreneurial spirit. Conclusion: Despite the services provided in the microfinance program, it faces challenges at the government and external stakeholders and banking laws. To improve the current status, implementation of suggested solutions along with revision and modification of related processes is necessary.
Comparison of the Binding of Penicillin G to Staphylococcal L-Form and Its Parent Strain Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The binding of penicillin G to a stable L-form from Staphylococcus aureus followed saturation-type kinetics with saturation achieved at 0.75 nmol/ml, the same as with its parent strain.
Tubular Trusses for Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>The main subject area of this contribution is the recent development of composite bridges in Europe using welded steel truss girders made of circular hollow sections. The governing criterion for the design of such tubular structures with welded nodes often is fatigue. Comparison between cast steel nodes and welded nodes is made. Also, the beneficial effect of weld peening on the fatigue strength is mentioned. Finally, a brief summary on the development of a new shear connection for prefabricated concrete deck elements is made.</p>
FABP4 as a Mediator of Lipid Metabolism and Pregnant Uterine Dysfunction in Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Obese pregnant women in late pregnancy are more susceptible to uterine smooth muscle dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, elevated levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the myometrium of obese pregnant women at term, high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice, and palmitic acid‐treated uterine smooth muscle cells (USMCs), are demonstrated. FABP4 plays a critical role in transporting fatty acids from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment. Mechanistically, obesity promotes excessive fatty acid uptake, leading to aberrant lipid accumulation and reduced ATP production in USMCs. These abnormalities stem from weakened coupling of mitochondria‐associated membranes, which are essential for calcium, lipids, and metabolites exchange. Furthermore, adenoviral injection to elevate FABP4 levels in normal‐diet mice mimicks the effects observed in HFD mice. Collectively, these findings highlight FABP4 as a key driver of myometrial dysfunction in obesity and a potential therapeutic target for improving labor outcomes in obese pregnancies.
Simultaneous Optimization of Damper Parameters and Controllers for Building Vibration Attenuation over Finite Frequency Band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents a simultaneous optimization approach to the design of the multiple active tuned mass damper ( MATMD ) and its controller for building vibration attenuation under seismic excitations. A model of an n ‐storey building installed with the MATMD system, where the masses can be placed on different storeys, is considered, and its state‐space model is established by appropriately defining the state variables and the output signals. Considering that earthquake records exhibit higher strength over a certain range of frequency and the fact that not only the controller design but also the parameter optimization of the MATMD system have significant effects on the control performance, a simultaneous optimization approach based on the genetic algorithm ( GA ) is proposed to design the static output‐feedback controller and to obtain the MATMD 's parameters for the attenuation of seismic building vibration over a finite frequency range. Using the proposed approach, a set of parameters and the constrained controller gains, which can guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system and attenuate the building vibration at a sufficiently low level, are obtained. Simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the superiority of a strategy that places the masses on different storeys in attenuating building vibration under earthquake excitation.
Data Communications Inside Vehicular Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ZigBee is based on IEEE 802.15.4 which specifies the physical layer and medium access control (MAC) for low-cost and low-power LR-WPAN. The technology can be applied in intelligent key, A/C operation and steering wheel inside vehicles. There are two types of devices in ZigBee, FFD and RFD. A FFD can communicate with RFDs and other FFDs, while a RFD can only communicate with a FFD. In ZigBee physical layer, it follows IEEE 802.15.4 standard and operates in unlicensed RF worldwide (2.4GHz global, 915MHz Americas or 868 MHz Europe). A superframe contained an active portion and an inactive portion is used in the MAC layer of ZigBee. The active portion includes CAP and CFP. In the inactive partition, the coordinator can enter sleep mode to save its power. Three main topologies of ZigBee are star, mesh, and tree. However, ZigBee is successfully produced into a low-cost controller applied for automotive applications, including vehicle control and status monitoring. According to the forecast of ON World in 2005 (ON WORLD, 2009), the deployed wireless sensing network nodes will increase to 127 million in 2010 from 1.2 million in 2005. It can be applied in home automation, battlefield surveillance, health care applications and vehicular environments. A wireless sensor network (WSN) constitutes a lot of wireless sensing nodes. In addition, a node in WSN consists of one or more sensors, a radio transceiver, and a microcontroller. The sensor can be used for sensing temperature, pressure, sound, vibration, motion or position, etc. to collect status from devices or environments. The transceiver is used to relay the information of the collected status computed by the microcontroller to a center node, called a gateway or sink. Therefore, a WSN belongs to one type of wireless ad-hoc networks. However, the nodes in a WSN are usually smaller than that in traditional wireless ad-hoc networks regarding node size, computing power, memory size, and transmission rage. In other words, the transmission ability, computing power, and memory size of WSN nodes are limited.
Identification of research gaps and systematization of trends on surface treatment in dental implants based on indexed data in the Scopus database

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The installation of dental implants brings significant improvements in patient's quality of life, causing the demand for these procedures to increase. This growth results from the increasing use of innovative technologies in oral care. Since the 1970s, dental implants have continuously evolved, both in terms of shape and surface treatments. This evolution aims to improve osseointegration, an essential process for implant success, and prevent complications such as peri-implantitis. A necessary part of this evolutionary process is surface treatment on dental implants. This treatment improves implant surfaces' physical and chemical properties, promoting a more efficient interaction between the implant and surrounding tissues. To achieve this goal, modifications are made to the texture, composition, and characteristics of the implant surface. In this context, this study aims to identify the research gaps related to surface treatment on dental implants. To this end, a literature review was performed in the Scopus database using specific search terms related to this topic. The 20 most cited articles from 2017 to 2023, which address the main research trends in this area, were selected for analysis. The theoretical contribution of this study is to systematize the current research trends on the surface treatment of dental implants. This provides a better understanding of existing treatments and their limitations and presents ongoing studies that aim to overcome them. Furthermore, the research highlights studies under development, both in vitro and in vivo, that seek to apply scientific advances in clinical practice to improve implant outcomes. This applied contribution is relevant, as it can positively impact clinical practice and benefit patients.
Alaska’s forest fish: Calculating the value of wild salmon from the Chugach and Tongass National Forests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Forests provide a suite of goods and services that are vital to human health and livelihoods. Studies of ecosystem services, which frequently attempt to place a monetary value on forest processes and organisms, can help inform management decisions by providing a baseline for discussing the costs and benefits of different management options.A recent study by Pacific Northwest Research Station researchers, Adelaide “Di” Johnson and Ryan Bellmore, along with retired Forest Service fisheries biologist Ron Medel and Alaska Department of Fish and Game fisheries biologist Stormy Haught, aimed to quantify the number and monetary value of commercially caught Pacific salmon from Alaska’s Tongass and Chugach National Forests. These two national forests contain some of the world’s largest remaining tracts of intact temperate rain forest.Between 2007 and 2016, the Tongass and Chugach supported harvests of approximately 48 million salmon per year, valued at more than $88 million annually. This comprised approximately 25 percent of all commercially caught salmon in Alaska and 16 percent of its total monetary value. Quantitative information about the value of Alaska’s national forests for fish production can contribute to discussions about management decisions that might influence the capacity of these forests to sustain Pacific salmon in the future.
In vitro propagation of Bacopa monnieri L. - a multipurpose medicinal plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report the micropropagation of Bacopa monnieri L. a medicinal plant from Shervarayan Hills, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Effect of auxins (IAA, NAA & 2, 4-D) and cytokinins (BA, KIN & TDZ) on shoot induction and IAA and TDZ on root induction were assessed. Callus induction on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with NAA, 2,4-D and TDZ at various combinations/concentrations were also investigated. The auxiliary buds formed from both leaf and nodal explants on hormone free MS medium within 9 d. Growth hormones at different combinations brought out remarkable variations in shoot, root and callus induction. Rooted plantlets were transferred to 10 different soil mixtures with various ratio/combinations of biological and natural fertilizers such as humus rich soil alone (control), soil with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) (10:1 & 10:2) soil with vermicompost (4:1 & 4:2) soil with farmyard manure (4:1 & 4:2) soil with flyash (1:1 & 1:2) and soil with agropeat (4:1 & 4:2) in sterile polythene bags. When the plantlets were transplanted to the actual field, this pre-adaptation increased their survival as much as 80-90% (observed for 45 days). Keywords: Bacopa monnieri L., growth hormones, auxiliary shoot proliferation, transplantation.
Tamoxifen, Soy, and Lifestyle Factors in Asian American Women With Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Soy foods have been a staple in Asia for centuries but the consumption of this food in the West is recent. Intake of soy among women at high risk for or with breast cancer has become a public health concern because genistein, a major component of soy, has weak estrogenic effects on breast epithelium, and has been found to negate the benefit of tamoxifen in some animal and in vitro studies. Patients and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Asian Americans with breast cancer who were tamoxifen users (n = 380) to investigate the association between soy intake and circulating levels of tamoxifen and its metabolites (N-desmethyl tamoxifen [N-DMT], 4-hydroxytamoxifen [4-OHT], and 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen [endoxifen]). Results Serum levels of tamoxifen or its metabolites were unrelated to self-reported intake of soy or serum levels of isoflavones. Blood levels of tamoxifen were 81% higher in postmenopausal women age 65 or older compared with premenopaual women age 45 or younger (P = .005); similar patterns of results were observed for the tamoxifen metabolites. Levels of N-DMT were 27% (P = .03) lower among women in the highest tertile of body mass index (BMI, > 24.4 kg/m 2 ) compared with those in the lowest category (BMI ≤ 21.5). Women who used hypertensive medications had higher levels of tamoxifen (P = .02) and N-DMT (P = .04) compared with nonusers. Conclusion We found no evidence that soy intake adversely affected levels of tamoxifen or its metabolites. However, age, menopausal status, BMI, and use of hypertensive medications significantly influenced circulating levels of tamoxifen and its metabolites in this population.
ABSCESS OF THE LIVER IN A CHILD NINE MONTHS OF AGE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pyogenic abscess of the liver occasionally occurs as a complication of intraperitoneal suppuration or, in rarer instances, as a result of a focus of infection elsewhere in the body. Ordinarily, the incidence of this lesion is particularly low for infants and young children. In 1922 Cahill1reported a case of abscess of the liver in a child 4 years of age and also reviewed the literature on the subject. He collected seventy-two cases in children, which included examples of both the pyogenic and the amebic form of the disease. During the past few years there have been few contributors to the subject; but Bălăcesco and Popesco-Severin,2Friedlaender,3Fonzo,4Farago5and Ticozzi6have reported cases and mentioned previous reviews on the topic. The case reported here is interesting because of the sequence of events which led to the formation of the abscess, the type of
Farmers design farm systems-not researchers: conceptual ideas for linking farms, advisers, research projects and regions to improve technology choice in Australian dairy production.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

If farmers are the farm system designers and managers, the task for research, development and extension (RDE) then is not to develop systems that can be adopted, but to understand the systems management challenges in order to organise and engage in appropriate practices that support designers. Key challenges for an RDE project in the Australian dairy industry aiming to support farmers in managing home- grown forages more profitably are identified. These concern issues of knowledge integration across scales (i.e. farmers, advisers, projects, regions) requiring different forms of coordinated practice. In this paper, inter- disciplinary deliberations, advisory tools and interaction platforms are discussed with respect to their potential for enhancing coordinated practice in farming systems design. Although holding promise, research investor demands forsystem adoptionrather than integration remains a challenge.
An Analysis of Collocations Used In British News Youtube Channels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Collocation is not easy for English learners as English has a complicated collocation system, making English learners confused in choosing the correct collocation. The aim of this study is to find the sub-classes, the most dominant type of collocation, and describe their meanings. The method used is qualitative research and applied Benson et al.’s theory (2010) which focused on the types of collocation. The data source is British news YouTube channels: BBC, Sky News, and The Sun. The result of the study shows that the most dominant type of collocation used is lexical collocation with the percentage is 59% while the grammatical one is 41%. For grammatical collocations, there are four out of eight sub-classes: G1 (noun + preposition), G4 (preposition + noun), G5 (adjective + preposition), and G8 (verb + preposition). Meanwhile, the lexical collocations are classified as six out of seven sub-classes: L1 (verb + noun), L2 (adjective + noun), L3 (noun + noun), L4 (noun + verb), L6 (verb + adjective), and L7 (verb + adverb). This study also described the meaning of each collocation. The way to get the meaning is by understanding the context. The meanings of the collocations used are mostly literal. This study can be a teaching reference by highlighting common word combinations and usage patterns.
Machine learning methods to predict solubilities of rock samples

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Interests in the use of chemometric and data science methods for laboratory techniques have grown rapidly over the last 10 years, for the reason that they are cheaper and faster than traditional analytical methods of material testing. This study uses 888 rock samples collected from the exploration and production (E&P) sector of the oil industry. Based on the Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of these rock samples their solubility predictions have been developed and investigated with nine methods including both linear and non‐linear ones. Two of these methods such as Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) are available in a commercial software package and the other seven methods, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Ridge Regression (RR), k ‐nearest neighbours ( k ‐NN), Decision Tree (DT), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with TensorFlow (TF), were coded by the authors based either on commercial applications or open source libraries. The investigation starts with spectral data pre‐processing carried out by standard normal variate (SNV), baseline correction and feature selection methods creating the feature set for all machine learning (ML) applications. The accuracy of predictions has been evaluated with mean squared error as a performance metric for each investigated method. The comparisons of predicted values to real data of test samples have shown that mineral solubility in acids can be well predicted in the range of the uncertainties of real laboratory measurements, therefore it can be used to improve the response time of these investigations and reduce the risk in industrial applications. In those cases, where the unknown samples have got some out of the range features, the limitations in the accuracy of predictions have become clear. We have also identified the limitations in the methodology and planned steps to further improve the prediction capabilities. The identified constraint of samples' multitude further emphasizes the need for database building efforts, so that the real potential in big data and machine learning can be realized.
Fourier-Hermite spectral representation for the Vlasov-Poisson system in the weakly collisional limit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study Landau damping in the 1+1D Vlasov-Poisson system using a Fourier-Hermite spectral representation. We describe the propagation of free energy in phase space using forwards and backwards propagating Hermite modes recently developed for gyrokinetics [Schekochihin et al. (2014)]. The change in the electric field corresponds to the net Hermite flux via a free energy evolution equation. In linear Landau damping, decay in the electric field corresponds to forward propagating Hermite modes; in nonlinear damping, the initial decay is followed by a growth phase characterised by the generation of backwards propagating Hermite modes by the nonlinear term. The free energy content of the backwards propagating modes increases exponentially until balancing that of the forward propagating modes. Thereafter there is no systematic net Hermite flux, so the electric field cannot decay and the nonlinearity effectively suppresses Landau damping. These simulations are performed using the fully-spectral 5D gyrokinetics code SpectroGK [Parker et al. 2014], modified to solve the 1+1D Vlasov-Poisson system. This captures Landau damping via an iterated Lénard-Bernstein collision operator or via Hou-Li filtering in velocity space. Therefore the code is applicable even in regimes where phase-mixing and filamentation are dominant.
The development of the theory of construction grammar in 1985–2024

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article provides a detailed overview of the history of the development of the theory of construction grammar, which began to take shape in the late 1980s and reached its peak in the 21st century. The key stages of its development also are analyzed. This review aims to ensure the further development of the theory of construction grammar, laying the groundwork for its scientific progress.