jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Critical Factors Affecting Field Determination of Hot-Mix Asphalt Density Using Nonnuclear Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nonnuclear methods for the measurement of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) density offer the ability to take numerous density readings in a short time period, without the need for intensive licensing, training, and maintenance efforts common to nuclear gauges. The Pavement Quality Indicator (PQI) and the PaveTracker use electrical impedance to estimate density. Early models of these gauges were deemed inadequate for quality control and quality assurance testing, but improvements have been made to each. In this project, a ruggedness study was performed to evaluate the effects of gauge model, temperature, moisture, use of sand to fill surface voids, gauge orientation, number of replicate measurements, and gauge placement on two nonnuclear gauges. Significant factors arising from the ruggedness study were further investigated. Two 12.5-mm mixes and one 37.5-mm mix were evaluated, using 42 test locations. Gauge orientation was significant, suggesting that the test method protocol should specify gauge orientation with respect to the direction of paving. Four replicate measurements were deemed acceptable for producing a single reported result, and all sand and debris should be thoroughly brushed from the surface before testing. Moisture significantly affected the measured densities in some cases, most notably for the 37.5-mm test locations and for the PaveTracker device.
Digestible protein requirements for maintenance, growth, and efficiency of protein utilization in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles: an exponential nitrogen utilization model

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed to estimate digestible protein (DP) requirements for maintenance and growth and assess the efficiency of protein utilization in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles. A complete randomized design consisted of seven treatments, and five replicates (tanks) per treatment was used. After a one-week acclimation period, 350 pacu juveniles of 27.48 ± 1.8 g (initial average body weight - BW) were equally distributed among 35 tanks (10 fish per tank) of 450 L. Fish were fed with seven graded digestible protein levels (64.5, 111.8, 164.6, 217.1, 264.4, 316.2 and 369.5 g kg-1) three times a day until apparent satiation for 120 days. The monomolecular model parameters including nitrogen maintenance requirement (NMR) (37.76 mg BW0.67 kg-1 d-1), daily nitrogen deposition (ND) (194.8 mg BW0.67 kg-1 d-1), and protein intakes (based on metabolic BW) of 1638, 1902, and 2241 mg kg-1BW0.67 d-1 for 75, 80 and 85% maximum theoretical nitrogen retention (NRmaxT), respectively and the efficiency of protein utilization (529×10-6) were estimated through the relationship between nitrogen intake (NI) and ND. The digestible protein requirements for 75, 80, and 85% of NRmaxT were estimated as 187, 217, and 256 g kg-1 respectively by the monomolecular model based on the daily feed intake of 2% of live BW of pacu juveniles.
When Discussing Neurofeedback, Does Modality Matter?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Over the years, several new models and variations of neurofeedback (NF) have been developed. As such, NF has grown from traditional amplitude based modalities to now include slow cortical potential NF, as well as various approaches grounded in QEEG technology, including z-score NF models. These differing modalities have important implications in terms of outcomes, the number of sessions required, and treatment specificity. This, in turn, impacts clinical practice, research, and marketing considerations. In an effort to gain some perspective for where the field is today, a comparative review is presented to illustrate the importance of noting what particular modality is being referenced when discussing NF.
Molecular characterization of potato defense suppression by Phytophthora infestans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Manitoba is the second largest potato producer in Canada after Prince Edward Island. This crop faces many disease problems including the most famous and devastating one, late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. More than 150 years have elapsed since this disease caused the Irish potato famine, but strategies for managing it often remain unsustainable and costly. With the advent of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and now, genomics-based approaches, it may be possible to initiate studies which will address important questions regarding very complex host-pathogen interactions. Dr. Daayf’s lab has shown that the most aggressive strains of P. infestans suppress potato defense mechanisms, through transcriptional inhibition of PAL and HMGR pathways. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to carry out a molecular characterization of potato defense suppression by Phytophthora infestans. Gene expression profiling was accomplished by developing a new subtractive hybridization (SH)/cDNA-AFLP combinational approach. This approach is a gel-based subtractive hybridization profiling technique that uses the advantages of cDNA-AFLP and subtractive hybridization in order to amplify cDNA products in a polyacrylamide gel and remove the constitutively/commonly expressed sequences. Using this approach differentially expressed genes involved in the potato-Phytophthora infestans interaction were identified. These included genes potentially controlling pathogenesis or avr genes in P. infestans as well as those potentially involved in potato resistance or susceptibility to this pathogen. Using the subtractive hybridization (SH)/cDNA-AFLP combinational approach, DOXP-MEP pathway genes were identified for first time in potato and its regulation in response to the oomycete P. infestans. The DOXP-MEP pathway, also called the non-mevalonate route is an alternative terpenoids' biosynthetic route that was discovered first in eubacteria and soon after in photosynthetic organisms such as higher plants, algae as well as in cyanobacteria. In addition, potato plants treated with glucans extracted from P. infestans, the elicitor eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and P. infestans isolates were analyzed to study the accumulation of phenolic compounds and expression level of genes from the phenylpropanoid, mevalonate and DOXP-MEP pathway.
The Welfare of Piglets in the Pig Industry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pig production has changed dramatically over the last several decades, and most piglets are now raised on industrialized commercial operations that confine thousands of animals on one site. In these facilities, piglets are born and reared under conditions that dramatically contrast with the natural environment they are biologically adapted to fit. In nature, a mother sow builds a nest of twigs and leaves for the birth of her litter, and, after several days, the piglets gradually begin to leave the nest, explore their environment by rooting and nibbling, and slowly integrate into a larger family group. Piglets on commercial production facilities, however, are confined to barren, metal farrowing crates. Shortly after birth, they are subjected to a number of painful mutilations, including teeth clipping, tail docking, and ear notching, and male piglets are also castrated. All of these operations are routinely performed without the benefit of any pain-relieving anesthetics or analgesics. Piglets are weaned at an unnaturally early age, at a time when they would normally nurse frequently and depend on the mother sow for protection. Lack of outlets for normal exploratory nibbling, chewing, rooting, and foraging behavior, combined with early weaning practices, may lead to the development of abnormal oral behavior, such as tail biting and belly nosing. Early mortality is commonly high. Each of these issues is a highly significant animal welfare problem in need of immediate redress.
Incorporation of oxygen-18 into nucleosides and bases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Extensive incorporation of oxygen-18 at position O4 of the pyrimidine nucleus results from exchange between H218O and nucleosides or bases in 1N HC1 at 100 degrees. The reaction is hindered by substitution at C-5 with the greatest effect shown in pseudouridine (R = ribosy1) and the least in uridine (R = H). Maximum incorporation in the latter compound was 94%, and in uricil was 98%. The method is experimentally simple and the incorporation is readily monitored by mass spectrometry.
Wood plastic composites: General considerations

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Plastic has become a world-class environmental liability and any solution will help reduce this problem. Among the existing solutions are wood plastic, a plastic composite and components of wood, such as fibers, sawdust, corn cob, rice husk, etc. This work aims to show some aspects of wood plastic as historical evolution, composition, production and application. Initially, a historical evolution of wood plastic is presented in the world and in Brazil. The data obtained from the literature show that the wood plastic can be produced of diverse materials, standing out the wood sawing being incorporated with recyclable thermoplastics. This review also shows that the production of wood plastic has significant values in the world plastic market, mainly in China and the United States of America. Finally, it was evidenced that wood plastic has several applications in the world market, and is usually marketed as domestic utensils, in civil and naval construction, among others.
Non‐binary Encoded Nucleic Acid Barcodes Directly Readable by a Nanopore

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A large collection of unique molecular barcodes is useful in the simultaneous sensing or screening of molecular analytes. Though the sequence of DNA has been widely applied to encode for molecular barcodes, decoding of these barcodes is normally assisted by sequencing. We here demonstrate a barcode system based solely on self‐assembly of synthetic nucleic acids and direct nanopore decoding. Each molecular barcode is composed of “ n ” distinct information nodes in a non‐binary manner and can be sequentially scanned and decoded by a Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore. Nanopore events containing step‐shaped features were consistently reported. 14 unique information nodes were developed which in principle could encode for 14 n unique molecular barcodes in a barcode containing “ n ” information nodes. These barcode probes were adapted to detect different antibody proteins or cancer‐related microRNAs, suggesting their immediate application in a wide variety of sensing applications.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORMING - A TECHNIQUE WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN ACCELERATORS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Present day accelerator development requires new technologies for their diverse needs. Accelerator & Pulse Power Division of BARC is working on the development of ‘Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) technique’ for various industrial applications. This technique utilizes the Lorentz force to achieve the required formation/movement of the job piece. The force is generated when a charged capacitor bank discharges through a forming/displacement coil placed in near proximity of the job piece. The force is developed on account of interaction of induced currents in the job piece with the magnetic field produced by the coil. The technology is a non-contact forming method and has variety of applications in the industry including the nuclear industry. It has distinct advantages like precision, repeatability, automation, no preparatory procedures, etc., over the conventional techniques. Energy storage capacitors are used as primary source of energy. The technique has been used for many of our in-house activities. It was successfully employed for Garter Spring repositioning in Pressurised Heavy Water reactors [1]. The technique stands as a viable alternative for the conventional methods of Fuel Pin fabrication of nuclear reactor. This project at present is in the development stage. Presently, the development of ‘Detachment of Rolled Joints’ employing EMF implosion has been taken up for Advanced Heavy Water Reactor. This technique has tremendous potential in Accelerators, as well. Presently, we are working on an extremely important development of Metal-Ceramicjoints using EMF. Trials on 15mm diameter, ceramic rods and 0.4mm thick copper tubes have qualified Helium leak rate of 10 -10 Std cc/s and vacuum of 10 -6 Torr. Further trials for improving the performance are being taken up. This paper highlights the salient features of EMF and suggests some specific areas where it could benefit the accelerator technology.
A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae - Grewioideae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The data set includes data of 800 herbarium specimens (and 295 duplicates) used for a taxonomic revision of Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae s.l., subfamily Grewioideae, tribe Grewieae). Desplatsia is a genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical West and Central Africa and is characterised by subulately divided stipules, the absence of an androgynophore, stamens that are fused to a tube at the base, and large and distinctive fruits that are dispersed by elephants. In the taxonomic revision four species are recognized (D. subericarpa, D. chrysochlamys, D. dewevrei and D. mildbraedii) and 12 species names are placed into synonymy, two of which have been put into synonymy for the first time: D. floribunda and D. trillesiana. All four species are widely distributed and their conservation status is assessed as Least Concern (LC). A key to the species, full species descriptions, illustrations, a specimen citation list and distribution maps are provided. All herbarium specimens were seen and identified either at the herbaria or online. The revision is published in the European Journal of Taxonomy (Wellsow J., Hart M., Wilkie P. Harris, D.J. (2019). A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae - Grewioideae). European Journal of Taxonomy 584: 1-38. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.584). Acknowledgement: We thank Naturalis and Botanic Garden Meise for sending specimen data. The time span is 1861 to 2019.
Clinical outcomes and predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to a High Dependency Unit in Pakistan-a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine the outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients admitted to high dependency unit with coronavirus disease 2019 infection.The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, and comprised data of adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients of either gender admitted to the high dependency unit from March 1 to June 30, 2020. Outcomes were categorised as patients 'recovered without deterioration', 'deteriorated but survived', and 'deteriorated but expired'. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Of the 525 patients with confirmed infection, 245(46.6%) were admitted to the high dependency unit. Leaving out 38(15.5%) cases with missing data, 207(84.5%) cases formed the study sample; 156(75.4%) males and 51(24.6%) females. The overall mean age was 56.9±14years (range: 24-86 years). The most common comorbid condition was hypertension 105(50.7%), and the most common reason for critical care was hypoxic respiratory failure 199(96.1%). Of the total, 153(74%) patients recovered, 31(15%) deteriorated, and mortality was the outcome in 23(11%). There was no significant effect of drug treatment on mortality (p>0.05). Age, multimorbidity and high D-Dimer level were significantly associated with disease progression and mortality (p<0.05).Mortality was high among coronavirus disease 2019 patients who were older and had multimorbidity.
Nasal considerations with the Le Fort I osteotomy

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Orthognathic surgery involves the correction of severe dentofacial deformities through a combination of orthodontics, surgery and, occasionally, restorative dentistry. This procedure, when involving surgical movement of the maxilla, can lead to changes in the overlying nasal morphology. In this paper, the standard nasal assessment that is undertaken prior to a Le Fort I osteotomy is outlined along with the reported nasal changes seen following this procedure. In addition, the various risk factors associated with adverse nasal changes are considered, as are the management techniques adopted by clinicians to minimize these changes CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware of the adverse nasal changes associated with the Le Fort I osteotomy.
A late presentation of uterine rupture following a vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC): A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past 30 years, rates of cesarean section (CS) delivery have increased significantly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cesarean section rates have risen from around 7% worldwide in 1990, to 21% in 2021. As a result, physicians are more likely to encounter patients who have opted to undergo vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC). Uterine rupture is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of VBAC. It typically has an acute intrapartum presentation, with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and abnormal cardiotocography; however, there have been a few reported cases occurring postpartum. Here, we present a case of a 31-year-old woman seen at the emergency department of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados, who was found to have a uterine rupture following a VBAC. She had no acute intrapartum signs of rupture, but rather, presented with symptoms consistent with generalized peritonitis and bowel obstruction three days following delivery. She ultimately underwent a laparotomy with repair of the rupture and had an uncomplicated recovery.
The Long-Term Impacts of Breastfeeding on Educational Attainment of Adults

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examine the impact of breastfeeding on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and attending graduate school. Using a doubly robust estimation technique, we find that having been breastfed is linked to an increased probability of obtaining a college degree, but its association with graduate school attendance is largely insignificant. The effect on college degree attainment is primarily concentrated among males, blacks, and whites. Investigating potential mechanisms, we find evidence that these effects are operating through the impact of breastfeeding on adolescents’ cognitive ability. JEL classification: I12, I23, J15, I18, C21
Nano-detectors using molecular circuits operating at THz frequencies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We proposed two scenarios for signal encoding and transmission in molecular circuits that can be used for standoff detection of biological and chemical agents: one is based on the characteristic vibrational behavior of molecules and clusters and the other is based on their molecular electrostatic potentials. It is proposed that these two scenarios can be used for molecular signal processing and transfer in molecular sensors; theoretical demonstrations using state of the art and precise computational techniques are presented for these two paradigms. The molecular electrostatic potential in the neighborhood of a molecule has very well defined zones of positive and negative potential that can be manipulated to encode information. On the other hand, vibrational modes of long molecules can be used to transfer signals between distances not accessible by standard fabrication techniques. In additions, the development of molecular amplifiers allows us to transfer signals through the nano- micro interface needed to pass the information to the macroscopic world. These scenarios allow extremely lower energies, higher speeds, and higher integration densities than in any other technology. Thus, the use of these two low-power consumption and extremely large bandwidth approaches allow us to operate at the THz range, the natural operation frequency of biological and chemical species. A review of our search for other scenarios for coding, processing and transport of information for sensing detection are provided.
Adaptive Forced Balancing for Multivariable Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A problem common to all mechanical systems with rotating shafts, including active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems, is the synchronous vibration caused by mass unbalance. Autobalancing compensation case AMB actuators to spin a rotor about its inertial axis and thus eliminate the centrifugal forces due to mass unbalance. However, because mass unbalance is modelled as a sinusoidal sensor disturbance occurring below loop bandwidth frequency, no available compensation method reduces vibration yet preserves the desired loop frequency response. Adaptive forced balancing (AFB) solves this problem and has been applied to single-end, AMB suspensions-the SISO case. This paper extends AFB compensation to the MIMO case. Simulations of a double-end, AMB suspension verify the success of our method.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Job Stress of Firefighters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

효과적인 조직운영을 위한 직무스트레스의 관리는 무엇보다 조직구성원이 지각하고 있는 직무스트레스 유발요인이 무엇인지를 파악하고, 직무로 발생하는 스트레스의 역기능을 최소화하거나 스트레스 요인을 제거함으로써 조직 효과성을 제고시킬 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 연구의 결과 소방공무원의 직무스트레스에 대해 영향요인은 심리적 환경이 가장 영향력 있는 변수이며, 그 다음으로는 조직문화, 신체적 환경 순으로 나타났으며 행정업무와 인간관계는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. Effective for the operation of fire department management of occupational stress than what organizational members perceive and to identify factors that would cause job stress. Dysfunction caused by job stress or minimize that by eliminating the stress factor that can enhance organizational effectiveness research is needed. The results of the study the impact on job stress of firefighters of the psychological environment of the most influential factor is the variable. Next, organizational culture, physical environment, orderly, and administration and human relations were not significant statistically.
On the use of Al2O3:C and plastic scintillators for small-field dosimetry in MR-linacs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fiber coupled luminescence detectors based on organic plastic scintillators or inorganic materials such as Al 2 O 3 :C are suitable for dosimetry in strong magnetic fields as found in MR-linacs. The main finding of this work was that field-output factor measurements at the maximum dose point are less variable than if measured at the central beam axis (CAX). In contrast to plastic scintillators, Al 2 O 3 :C was found to have a yield of radioluminescence per dose that (within uncertainty) is independent of the magnetic field strength.
Model Test of the Water and Sand Mixture Inrush in the Mining-Induced Caving Zone

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In western China coal mines, the mining-induced caving zone is regarded as a main pathway for water and sand inrush mixture hazards. The paper experimentally studied the flow behavior and the mechanism of water and sand mixture through mining-induced caving zones. Transport experiments are performed by using a laboratory-scale model, and the caving zone is modelled by using different sizes of glass beads. Four different sand sizes are used for the sand layer. The test results reveal that the mass flow rate of sand and water mixture increases with the increase of the initial water head. And an equation is proposed for the mass flow rate of sand and water mixtures that correctly reproduces the data for all the conditions. In addition, the sudden decreases in water head loss is monitored at the commencement of the water and sand flow, which would result in a large number of sand particles that rapidly start up and make the kinetic energy transfer from water to sand.