jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A phase I study of high-dose calcitriol in combination with temozolomide for patients (Pts) with metastatic melanoma (MM).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9087 Background: Temozolomide (Tem) has demonstrated efficacy as an oral alternative for pts with MM on traditional and extended dosing schedules. Calcitriol has known antiproliferative properties in vitro, and has shown synergistic effects with chemotherapy. Additionally, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with alterations in melanoma susceptibility and disease progression. Specifically, the VDR genotype tt/ff (Taq1 and Fok1 polymorphisms) has been associated with tumors >3.5mm, though no studies have focused on survival. Methods: Tem 150mg/m 2 was administered on days 2-8 and 16-22 every 28 days until progression or significant toxicity. Calcitriol was given on days 1 and 15 every 28 days with 3 pts at a dose of 0.2mcg/kg, 3 pts at 0.3mcg/kg, 3 pts at 0.5mcg/kg, and an additional 11 pts at a maximum dose of 0.5mcg/kg. VDR gene analysis was completed on 17/20 pts using PCR-RFLP based assays. Tolerability was the primary objective with secondary objectives of time to progression (PFS) and overall survival (OS), both as a whole and by VDR genotype. Results: Twenty pts (males=15) with MM treated with at least one prior systemic therapy or who were not candidates for interleukin-2 (conducted pre BRAF and anti CTLA agents), were accrued. Median age was 58. The regimen was well-tolerated with leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and thrombosis as the most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities at 10% incidence each, less than observed in prior studies (Patel et al Eur J Ca 2011). Obj RR was 10%. Median PFS was 1.8 mo with a mean of 2.7 cycles given. Pts with low-risk VDR genotype non-tt or ff (n= 11) had a median OS of 7.4 mo compared to 3.8 mo for tt or ff or both (n=6)(median ratio=1.95) from time of enrollment, although not statistically significant given small sample sizes. Conclusions: The extended dosing of Tem with calcitriol is a well-tolerated oral regimen in MM. The trend toward improved OS in non-tt/ff VDR genotypes is consistent with prior studies associating the tt/ff genotype with biologic aggressiveness. Whether this represents a benefit of the inclusion of calcitriol should be studied further. Clinical trial information: NCT00301067.
Exudates Detection From Digital Fundus Image Of Diabetic Retinopathy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to detect exudates from the digital fundus images and provide information about Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is very complicated disease that occurs when the retinal blood vessels changes. Exudates are the first sign of the diabetic retinopathy which cause blindness. So it is very important to find out these exudates in fundus image. In this paper we have proposed a method which is used for segmentation of optic disc and exudates. Morphological operations are used for detection of exudates. Before this operation we are applying Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization technique. The results are compared with the standard database.
Effect of Different Manure Sources on Soil Chemical Properties, Performance and Yield of Maize on a Degraded Land

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Application of manure for soil amendment plays important roles in reclaiming and improving soil properties of degraded soils. This study assessed the effects of composted and non-composted manures on a degraded soil under continuous maize production. The treatments applied consisted of composted manures in form of cassava based compost (CBM) and verticompost (VC) at the rate of 0, 30, 60 and 120 tons/ha, non-composted manure (NC) applied as poultry manure (PM), and an un-amended control plot. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined for two consecutive seasons, with maize (SUWAN 1-SYR) planted as test crop. The CBM, VC and PM treatments increased the soil organic carbon content by 18.2, 24.1, and 22.3 % respectively. Corresponding increases observed in cation exchange capacity (CEC) were 13.6, 15.7, and 15.2 %. The comparison of the soil chemical properties measured indicated positive effects from the amendments on the soil properties in the order: CBM < PM < VC. The maize grain yield of cassava based fertilized plot consistently and significantly was higher than the other treatments in both cropping seasons. However, both the composted and non-composted manures favored improved maize growth and resulted in higher grain yields (4.62 – 6.03 t ha-1) than the un-amended control treatment (3.69 t ha-1). The study therefore showed that the incorporation of manures, whether composted or non-composted, is beneﬁcial to soils, improving one or more essential soil attributes thus reducing soil degradation.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Increases the Risk of Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose— No previous study has investigated the incidence or risk of cerebrovascular diseases developing after the sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This study sets out to estimate the risk of stroke development among SSNHL patients during a 5e-year follow-up period after hospitalization for acute episodes of SSNHL. Methods— Our study design features a study cohort and a comparison cohort. The study cohort consists of all patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of sudden hearing loss (n=1,423), whereas the control cohort comprised all patients hospitalized for an appendectomy in 1998 (n=5692) as a surrogate for the general population. Each patient was tracked from hospitalization in 1998 until the end of 2003. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed as a means of computing the 5-year stroke-free survival rates after adjustment for possible confounding factors. Results— Of the total sample, 621 patients (8.7%) had strokes during the 5-year follow-up period: 180 (...
Non-g Factors Predict Educational and Occupational Criteria: More than g

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In a prior issue of the Journal of Intelligence, I argued that the most important scientific issue in intelligence research was to identify specific abilities with validity beyond g (i.e., variance common to mental tests) (Coyle, T.R. Predictive validity of non-g residuals of tests: More than g. Journal of Intelligence 2014, 2, 21–25.). In this Special Issue, I review my research on specific abilities related to non-g factors. The non-g factors include specific math and verbal abilities based on standardized tests (SAT, ACT, PSAT, Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery). I focus on two non-g factors: (a) non-g residuals, obtained after removing g from tests, and (b) ability tilt, defined as within-subject differences between math and verbal scores, yielding math tilt (math > verbal) and verbal tilt (verbal > math). In general, math residuals and tilt positively predict STEM criteria (college majors, jobs, GPAs) and negatively predict humanities criteria, whereas verbal residuals and tilt show the opposite pattern. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, with a focus on theories of non-g factors (e.g., investment theories, Spearman’s Law of Diminishing Returns, Cognitive Differentiation-Integration Effort Model) and a magnification model of non-g factors.
A complex variable boundary element method for two-dimensional steady heat conduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engineers are responsible for understanding scientific ideologies while turning them into reality. For example, to invent a vacuum flask, engineers need to model the prototype and do different engineering analysis such as thermal, stress and strain analysis on the flask. Engineers now have a variety of methods and software to pick, which require engineers to understand the basis of the methods and differences among them so that the engineer can make a wise choice. Also, many common analytical methods can be used together with software in order to decrease computational time and to reduce errors, especially when the structure is too complicated and effortdemanding to solve entirely manually. Additionally, many kinds of software are able to simulate with given conditions by the engineers which would not have been possible physically. In the report, the author will discuss the different method and software available and how they are used together. These include numerical method such as boundary element method (BEM) and its extension, complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) in which emphasis is placed on the development of CVBEM. Theories and examples to prove for the accuracy of the CVBEM software will be reviewed and demonstrated. In addition, the report deals with the study of heat transfer, in which methods discussed must be able to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) effectively. In particular, where the CVBEM software is proven to be reliable in solving specific twodimensional heat conduction scenarios in the form of Laplace equation.
HV design of vacuum-insulated power supplies for space applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Space vacuum is considered as an insulation component to achieve constructional and operational advantages over totally enclosed designs for the increasing demand for higher levels of electrical power and voltages in spaceborne electrical systems. The dielectric properties of space vacuum insulations are determined mainly by the space environment and local contaminations of the spacecraft structure. Specific aspects of the insulation, such as temperature, pressure, radiation, charged particle flux, outgassing products, and effluents, are discussed.< >
Laser-Pulse-Length Effects in Ultrafast Laser Desorption

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Shortening the laser pulse length opens up new opportunities for laser desorption (LD) of molecules, with benefits for mass spectrometry (MS) sampling and ionization. The capability to ablate any material without the need for an absorbing matrix and the decrease of thermal damage and molecular fragmentation has promoted various applications with very different parameters and postionization techniques. However, the key issues of the optimum laser pulse length and intensity to achieve efficient and gentle desorption of molecules for postionization in MS are not resolved, although these parameters determine the costs and complexity of the required laser system. Here, we address this research gap with a systematic study on the effect of the pulse length on the LD of molecules. Keeping all other optical and ionization parameters constant, we directly compared the pulses in the femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond range with respect to LD-induced fragmentation and desorption efficiency. To represent real-world applications, we investigated the LD of over-the-counter medicaments naproxen and ibuprofen directly from tablets as well as the LD of retene and ship emission aerosols from a quartz filter. With our study design, we excluded interfering effects on fragmentation and LD efficiency from, for example, collisional cooling or postionization by performing the experiments in vacuum with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization as the postionization technique. Regarding LD-induced fragmentation, we already found benefits for the picosecond pulses. However, the efficiency of LD was found to continuously increase with decreasing pulse length, pointing to the application potential of ultrashort pulses in trace analytics. Because many interfering effects beyond the LD pulse length could be excluded in the experiment, our results may be directly transferable to the LD applied in other techniques.
Leukemia-associated retinoic acid receptor Î± fusion partners, PML and PLZF, heterodimerize and colocalize toânuclearâbodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the typical t(15;17) and the rare t(11;17) translocations express, respectively, the PML/RARÎ± and PLZF/RARÎ± fusion proteins (where RARÎ± is retinoic acid receptor Î±). Herein, we demonstrate that the PLZF and PML proteins interact with each other and colocalize onto nuclear bodies (NBs). Furthermore, induction of PML expression by interferons leads to a recruitment of PLZF onto NBs without increase in the levels of the PLZF protein. PML/RARÎ± and PLZF/RARÎ± localize to the same microspeckled nuclear domains that appear to be common targets for the two fusion proteins in APL. Although PLZF/RARÎ± does not affect the localization of PML, PML/RARÎ± delocalizes the endogenous PLZF protein in t(15;17)-positive NB4 cells, pointing to a hierarchy in the nuclear targeting of these proteins. Thus, our results unify the molecular pathogenesis of APL with at least two different RARÎ± gene translocations and stress the importance of alterations of PLZF and RARÎ± nuclear localizations in this disease.
LHD NB3arm #48868.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Interaction of supernova remnants: From the circumstellar medium to the terrestrial laboratory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The evolution of supernova remnants (SNRs) represents a useful and natural laboratory for gasdynamics studies. In this paper the results of several hydrodynamical simulations of the propagation and early phases of interaction of two SNRs embedded in a homogeneous interstellar environment are shown. In particular, the hydrodynamic evolution and collision of twin SNRs during their self-similar stage has been simulated using a two-dimensional Lagrangian hydrocode. In addition, the results of a detailed simulation that attempts to set the adequate conditions to reproduce the same phenomenon through laser ablation of two plastic plugs at the laboratory scale are presented. These results indicate that both large-scale and small-scale simulations display several common features that can be used to design an experiment aimed to validate the hydrodynamical codes. Of particular interest are the structures found around the juncture of the two colliding shells produced by the interaction of the remnants.
194 THE EFFECT OF OVIDUCTAL INCUBATION OF OOCYTES AND EMBRYOS ON ADHERENCE OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The zona pellucida (ZP) plays a major role as a protective shell against infection of embryonic cells and as a carrier of infectious agents in the spread of livestock diseases through embryo transfer practices. It has been demonstrated that pathogenic agents are more likely to adhere to the surface of ZP of IVF embryos than to that of in vivo fertilized embryos. It has been suggested that divergent conditions for the production of these two types of embryos may lead to changes in their morphology and to differences in the interaction of the ZP with pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not experimentally induced changes in hardening ZP (HZP) affect adherence of BVDV to the ZP of oocytes and embryos produced in vitro. To induce HZP, the oocytes or IVF embryos in groups of 30–50 were incubated in the ligated, ampullar part of the oviduct at 38°C in 5%CO2, 5%O2 and 90% nitrogen for 5 h. Following incubation, a proportion of oocytes/embryos was exposed to 1% pronase to determine HZP (the time of ZP lysis), while the remaining oocytes and embryos were incubated with 106 TCID50/mL of either noncytopathic (NY-1) or cytopathic (NADL) strain of BVDV at 38°C for 3 h. Subsequently, oocytes and embryos were washed according to the method recommended by IETS and then tested for the presence of BVDV (virus isolation and PCR tests). At the end of experiments the oviductal tissues were tested by PCR and proven free of BVDV. For immature and matured oocytes and embryos not exposed to the oviduct, the ZP dissolution times were 3.6 ± 0.24 (mean ± SEM, n = 20), 3.8 ± 0.24, and 4.0 ± 1.24 min, respectively (Chi-square test; P &gt; 0.05). Corresponding times for those incubated in the oviduct were 393 ± 47, 431.0 ± 50, and 467 ± 61 min, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). There was no difference between the number of virus-positive oocytes and embryos (n = 965 in 193 samples) following experimental exposure to BVDV regardless of whether or not they were previously incubated in the oviduct (P &gt; 0.05). Lower, but not significant, differences in percentages of samples associated with the infectious cytopathic strain of BVDV as compared to a noncytopathic strain were detected (P &gt; 0.05). It was concluded that the modification in proteolytic resistance properties of ZP during in vitro oviductal incubation did not influence the adherence of BVDV to ZP of oocytes or IVF embryos. Further studies are warranted to determine why IVF embryos are more prone to the adherence of pathogenic agents than are in vivo fertilized embryos.
Gastro-intestinal stromal tumour--role of CD117 in diagnosis and management.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are a biologically distinct heterogenous group of tumours of the gut. They are said to arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in gut wall. The turnour results from mutation of c-kit gene which codes for CD117 containing tyrosine kinase receptor of Cajal cells. Identification of this mutation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the key to the diagnosis of these tumours. CD117 negative GISTs develop from gene mutation through alternate pathway (PDGFRA). The accurate diagnosis is important as specific chemotherapeutic agents are now available for their management. We have studied 8 cases of GISTs during last 2 years in our institute. Half of the cases were female, six cases were in the age group between 35 to 50 years, the other two being of 19 and 70 years. On histology, 5 cases were categorized as high grade on the basis of their size and mitotic count. All cases were subjected to IHC. Only 4 cases were CDll7 positive, one case was positive for S100 and one case for SMA. Remaining 2 cases, negative for CD117, S100 and SMA, histologically resembled GISTs. CD117 positive cases are ideal candidates for treatment with molecularly targeted specific chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., imatinib as these tumours are non-responsive to conventional chemotherapy. Histologically diagnosed stromal tumours of the gut should be subjected to immunostain for CD117 so that specific medical management can be provided to prevent recurrence and metastasis as well as pre-operative debulking of the tumour.
Some Woods of Hawaii: Properties and Uses of 16 Commercial Species.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Information is given for 16 Hawaii-grown species, both native and introduced, of present or potential commercial importance. Descriptive notes include tree characteristics, history, size, and growth rates; the timber volume available in Hawaii; and accessibility for logging. Wood properties, including appearance, weight, shrinkage, strength, workability, seasoning, durability, and finishing, are explained with reference to well-known woods, and present and potential uses are described. An appendix includes technical data. Each species is illustrated in color.
The effect of disability income on retirement decisions and wealth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using the 2008 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study examines the impact of receiving disability income on a respondent’s decision to calculate a retirement income need, use tax-advantaged accounts and accumulate retirement wealth. Respondents who received disability income were 4.4% less likely to report calculating a retirement income need and 4.5% less likely to report using a tax-advantaged account, compared to a reference group of respondents who did not receive disability income. Respondents who received disability income also accumulated 41% less retirement wealth compared to the same reference group.
Fetal movements in mid-pregnancy and their relationship to neonatal competency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between fetal movement and neonatal behaviour, as well as to compare the fetal movement patterns and neonatal competencies of black and white infants.The sample for the pilot trial consisted of 12 mothers and their infants, selected at between 10 and 12 weeks of gestational age. The black sample and part of the white sample was drawn from the low-risk population attending the booking clinic of St Monica’s Hospital; the rest of the white mothers were drawn from the private sector. Nine mothers satisfied the criteria throughout the trial. Two had to be excluded when their pregnancies were terminated and a third was excluded due to epilepsy.Fetal movement was recorded by ultrasound scanning at 20/52 gestational age, recorded on videotape. All infants were born at full term by normal vertex delivery. The Brazelton neonatal behavioural assessment scale (BNBAS) was performed between 12 and 36 hours post-birth. This assessment was also videotaped.Test-retest reliability for counting and classifying fetal movements was established at 99,45(SF=1.05). Sequential and isolated movements predominated and the proportion of sequential and isolated movements was related to the total number of fetal movements. Higher FM scores were also related to more optimal scores on the BNBAS in the neonatal period. The black infants tended to show more mature patterns of fetal movement than white infants. The black infants also scored better on the BNBAS in relation to optimal postural tone, motor maturity and good orientation/alertness. The number of subjects in the pilot trial was too small for statistical analysis, but the results justify continuation of the main trial.