jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of NCGCF on the repairing of injuried sciatic nerve function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ObjectiveOur research is designed to determine the therapeutic effect of NCGCF on repair of injured periph-eral nerve and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods 65adult female SD rats weighted200～230g were randomly divided into3groups.Group A(n=5)underwent a sham operation without crush and agent administration.In group B(n=30),each animal received subcutaneously injections of NCGCF0.2ml 24h and1h prior to nerve crush and then daily for the following7days.Group C (n=30)received injections of saline with the same protocol as group B.Motor functional assessment was performed on days1,4,7,10,14,21,28,35and42after nerve crushed in all rats.Animals were evaluated by a walking track test:The distance between the first and fifth toes(TS),the distance between the second and fourth toes(IT),and the print length(PL)were mea-sured.The sciatic functional index(SFI)was calculated and processed by SPPSS10.0using independent T test.Results There was no apparent functional deficit in the sham operated group,while in group B and group C animals showed almost complete sciatic dysfunction by SFI of-90～100in4days after nerve was crushed and there was no statistic difference between the2groups.From days14～28,NCGCF treated animals showed a statistically significant improvement over control group.After day28,no statistical difference was found between the two groups.ConclusionThe treatment of NCGCF is effective in promot-ing sciatic functional index recovery after nerve injury.The underlying mechanism is still uncertain and further investigation is expected.
FDGNet: Frequency Disentanglement and Data Geometry for Domain Generalization in Cross-Scene Hyperspectral Image Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cross-scene hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) poses a significant challenge in recognizing hyperspectral images (HSIs) from different domains. The current mainstream approaches based on domain adaptation (DA) methods need to access target data when aligning distributions between domains, limiting the applicability of the model. In contrast, recent domain generalization (DG) methods aim to directly generalize to unseen domains, eliminating the requirements for target data during training. Nonetheless, most DG-based methods overly focus on randomizing sample styles, leading to semantically compromised samples. In addition, broadening the source distribution without ensuring reasonable support may result in undesired extended distributions. To address these issues, we propose a novel DG network with frequency disentanglement and data geometry (FDGNet) for cross-scene HSIC. Specifically, we first develop a spectral-spatial encoder based on frequency disentanglement (FDSS encoder), which facilitates synthesized domains to preserve their semantic consistency while simulating interdomain gaps with the source domain. Second, to avoid the generation of unrealistic samples, we incorporate data geometry into adversarial training. This helps diversify new domains while keeping the data geometry of extended domains in an explainable support. To improve the learning of domain-invariant representation, we propose an intermediate domain sampling strategy based on the class-wise perceptual manifold. This strategy synthesizes reliable intermediate domains by sampling from class-wise manifold flows estimated over the source and extended domains. Extensive experiments and analysis on three public HSI datasets yield the superiority of our proposed FDGNet. The codes will be available from the website: https://github.com/Qba-heu/FDGNet.
Metabolomic Analysis of Liver from Dietary Biotin Deficient Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that functions as a cofactor of five carboxylases. Because biotin-dependent carboxylases catalyze indispensable cellular metabolic functions, biotin deficiency is considered to be involved in various pathological conditions. Moreover, biotin supplementation shows pharmacological effects in vivo. However, the precise mechanisms by which biotin deficiency induces pathological conditions remain unclear. Although abnormal metabolites are used as indicators for biotin deficiency, few comprehensive analyses of total metabolites have been reported. In this study, we analyzed the metabolomic profiles of liver extracts prepared from biotin-sufficient (BS) and -deficient (BD) mice. Thirteen of 126 metabolites showed significantly different concentrations between liver extracts from BD and BS mice. The concentrations of 5 essential amino acids, Met, Val, Thr, Ile, and Leu, and 2 conditionally essential amino acids, Cys and Tyr were significantly lower in BD mice than in BS mice. Among these, the concentrations of sulfur-containing amino acids, Cys and Met, were more than 1.5-fold lower in BD mice. The concentrations of Met metabolites, such as S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine were not significantly different between the two groups. The concentrations of glutathione and its reaction intermediates γ-Glu-Cys tendency to be lower in BD mice. The present study revealed that biotin deficiency induces an abnormal amino acids composition, especially among sulfur-containing amino acids and provide important information on the effect of biotin as a pharmacological agent.
ENSO prediction and short-term climate prediction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We begin by making some non-standard distinctions, solely for convenience in the following discussion. We will define “ENSO prediction” as the process of predicting the SST in the tropical Pacific a month to a year or so in advance. We will use “short-term climate prediction” to refer to the procedure of predicting the climatic conditions in the global atmosphere or over land away from the tropical Pacific a month to a year in advance. The utility of this distinction is that ENSO prediction can only be accomplished by coupled models, whereas short-term climate prediction, which depends in part on the thermal forcing due to the distribution of regions of persistent precipitation and is partly determined by the SST distribution in the tropical Pacific, can be accomplished by a global atmospheric model (with predicted tropical SST specified) but can also be accomplished by a fully coupled climate model. The distinction will become clearer in our discussion of one-tiered and two-tiered prediction below.
Evaluation of blood vessel detection methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of evaluating the performance of algorithms for detecting curvilinear structures in medical images. As an exemplar we consider the detection of vessel trees which contain structures of variable width and contrast. Results for the conventional approach to evaluation, in which the detector output is compared directly with a groundtruth mask, tend to be dominated by the detection of large vessels and fail to capture adequately whether or not finer, lower contrast vessels have been detected successfully. We propose and investigate three alternative evaluation strategies. We demonstrate the use of the standard and new evaluation strategies to assess the performance of a novel method for detecting vessels in retinograms, using the publicly available DRIVE database. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
Caught in the Web of Words. James A. H. Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

12 Leazes Place, Durham DH1 1RE Caught in the Web of Words. James A. H. Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary K. M. ElisabethMurray New Haven and LondonYale University Press 2001386Hardback$15.95, GBP 8.99 0‐300‐08919‐8
The Effects of Bank Capital Buffers on Bank Lending and Firm Activity: What Can We Learn from Five Years of Stress-Test Results?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We use bank-firm matched data from regulatory filings (FR Y-14) to study how the capital buffers that large U.S. banks must satisfy to "pass" the quantitative component of the Federal Reserve's CCAR stress tests impact banks’ C&amp;amp;amp;I lending and firms' C&amp;amp;amp;I loan volumes, overall debt, investment spending, and employment. We find that larger stress-test capital buffers lead to material reductions in bank C&amp;amp;amp;I lending. A 1 p.p. larger capital buffer results in a 2 p.p. lower (four-quarter) growth rate of utilized loans and a 1½ p.p. lower growth rate of committed loans. The effects on firm loan volumes are larger, when we look at the loans that firms obtain from banks subject to stress tests. A firm that borrows from banks that on a weighted-average basis face a 1 p.p. larger stress-test capital buffer, experiences a 4 p.p. lower rate of growth in utilized loans and a 3 p.p. lower rate of growth of committed credit lines. However, when we consider firms’ overall debt volumes we find no impact of higher stress-test capital buffers, suggesting that firms can find other sources of credit to substitute for the reduction in loans that they face from banks subject to stress tests. We also find that firm investment and employment are largely unaffected by the capital buffers implied by stress tests. Because in the U.S. the consequences for banks of not meeting their stress-test capital buffers are similar to those of not satisfying an activated countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB), our findings are informative for the effects of the CCyB. Our results suggest that activating the CCyB in the U.S. would likely reduce the lending of the banks to which the CCyB applies, but would likely not impact the overall debt volumes, investment, and employment of the firms that borrow from these banks.
Survival of All Cancer Patients in Korea through 2-Year Follow-Up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is the most frequent cause of death in both developing and developed countries, including Korea. The aim of this study was to present survival rates of Korean cancer patients. Survival analysis was carried out with data collected under the Korea Central Cancer Registry Program, which included all cancer patients diagnosed from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997. We have analyzed the effects of age at diagnosis and sex on cancer survival from the cancer registry data of 64,240 Korean patients diagnosed of cancer in 1997. The overall survival rate of all Korean cancer patients (both men and women) was 67% at 1 yr and 57% at 2 yr. The 1- and 2-yr survival rates for all cancers in men were 58% and 47%, respectively, while those in women were 77% and 69%, respectively. Men had a lower survival rate than women in most malignancies. The pancreatic cancer was shown the lowest 1-yr survival rate.
Academic stress and subjective well-being: The moderating effects of perceived social support

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Using a sample of 226 graduate students from a university located in Northern China, this study empirically examined the effect of graduate students' academic stress on their subjective well-being, and tested the moderating effect of perceived social support on the relationship between academic stress and subjective well-being. The hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 16.0 was employed to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that graduate students' academic stress was negatively correlated with their subjective well-being, and their perceptions of social support moderated the relationship between their academic stress and subjective well-being. Finally, limitations and practical applications were offered.
Evaluation of Healing Rates and Safety With a Bioinductive Collagen Patch for Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: 2-Year Safety and Clinical Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:Failure of repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears is a challenging problem within orthopaedics. Poor tendon tissue and vascularity are known causes for failure of rotator cuff repairs.Purpose:To assess the safety, outcomes, and healing rates when large and massive rotator cuff repairs are augmented with a bioinductive collagen scaffold patch in a proof-of-principle design.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:Twenty-three patients undergoing repair of full-thickness large (2-tendon) or massive (3-tendon) rotator cuff tears augmented with a bioinductive collagen patch were enrolled in a prospective single-arm proof-of-principle study. No partial repairs were performed, and a complete rotator cuff repair was successfully achieved in each case. Sixteen patients underwent revision rotator cuff repairs versus 7 primary repairs. Safety was determined by any implant-related adverse event. A single magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was utilized to confirm tendon healing and thickness at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative ultrasound (US) was used in office by the treating surgeon to assess tendon thickness at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were collected at final follow-up.Results:Overall, a 96% (22 of 23) healing rate was confirmed on US and MRI. However, incidence of treatment clinical failure was 9% (2 of 23), as 1 patient’s tendon healed but eventually underwent additional surgery. There were no adverse events attributed to the implant reported. Final US rotator cuff thickness was 7.28 ± 0.85 mm (mean ± SD), and final MRI rotator cuff thickness was 5.13 ± 1.06 mm. The mean ASES score at final follow-up was 82.87 ± 16.68 (range, 53.33-100).Conclusion:No complications attributed to the implant were reported, and new tendon formation was apparent on US and MRI, with relatively high healing rates at 2-year follow-up. Arthroscopic application of this bioinductive collagen scaffold when combined with rotator cuff repair is a safe and effective treatment for healing of large and massive rotator cuff repairs.
The Political Policies of Cnut as King of England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Political Policies of Cnut as King of England Laurence M. Larson Laurence M. Larson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 15, Issue 4, July 1910, Pages 720–743, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/15.4.720 Published: 01 July 1910
Bedside Transthoracic Echocardiology in Critically ill COVID-19 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory disease that resulted from infection with a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).The high prevelance of spread is the most critical issue about, millions of people have been infected all over the world, and hundreds of thousands of deaths had been recorded.Echocardiography is a commonly used noninvasive imaging tool for the assessment of cardiac pathology .Despite the limitations related to risk of performing personnel exposure, echocardiograghy can be a very useful tool for guiding management with various finding related to the cardiac COVID involvement.The aim of this study is to determine the role of transthoracic as well as speckle-tracking echocardiograghy in clinical assessement of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Method: A prospective study in which COVID-19 positive patients, admitted to quarantine of Minia University Hospital through the period from December 2019 to December 2020,underwent TTE initially then parameters were compared according to clinical deterioration.TTE and STE also were done to critically ill patients before and after remedesivir treatment.Results: Significant differences in TAPSE values were observed between group I and group II with mean± SD: 14.85 ± 3.29 and 19.35 ± 4.01, respectively.Also, significant larger basal RV diameter in critically ill patients (mean±SD: 39.93 ± 3.08) vs (mean±SD: 38.67 ± 2.82) in clinically stable patients (p value: 0.034).all TTE and STE used parameters showed highly significant improvement in RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction after treatment with remedesivir therapy.Conclusion: Echocardiograghy plays a crucial role in COVID-19 management.2D TTE can be useful in predicting disease severity.Both 2D TTE and speckle tracking accurately diagnose cardiac involvement of critically ill COVID-19 patients; detect myocardial changes through course of treatment.Recovery of patients treated with antiviral remedesivir drug from severe COVID-19 illness may be accompanied with general improvement of RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
Decreased expression of pSTAT, IRF-1 and DAP10 signalling molecules in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with metastatic melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims As numerous signalling molecules regulate effector functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) that have an important anti-tumour activity, the aim of this study was to analyse their level in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 36 MMs and 28 HCs were analysed for the level of perforin, interferon-regulating transcription factor-1 (IRF-1), DAP10 and Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 by reverse transcriptase PCR, level of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription (pSTAT)-1, pSTAT-4, pSTAT-5 by western blot and interferon (IFN)-γ production by ELISA. The expression of activating NKG2D and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), CD158a and CD158b, on PBL, CD3−CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), as well as the percentage of CD14+HLA-DR- cells in PBMC were estimated by flow cytometry. Results Patients with MM, compared with HCs, had significantly lower level of cytotoxic molecule perforin and decreased IFN-γ production, as well as lower level of pSTAT-1, pSTAT-4, pSTAT-5 and IRF-1 signalling molecules in PBMC. Furthermore, MM had decreased expression of activating NKG2D receptor on PBL and NK cells and low level of its DAP10 signalling molecule contrary to no changes in KIR expression on all investigated cells. These results could be associated with increased percentage of immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DR− myeloid-derived suppressor cells detected in patients with MM. Conclusions The altered signalling molecules of PBL could represent biomarkers of impaired cytotoxic and immunoregulatory function of these cells, indicating melanoma-associated immunosuppression that facilitates tumour progression.
The role of heat shock protein-60 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and atherosclerotic development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated whether heat shock protein-60 (Hsp60) modulates nuclear protein import (NPI) to promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and atherosclerotic development. Rat VSMCs were treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which increased Hsp60 expression, NPI machinery expression, and cell proliferation versus controls. Overexpression of cytosolic Hsp60 induced VSMC proliferation and enhanced NPI. Conversely, Hsp60 knockdown followed by oxLDL treatment did not increase NPI, NPI machinery or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cell proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that at high intracellular levels, Hsp60 interacts with Ran, a protein involved in NPI. Plaques obtained from hypercholesterolemic rabbit aortas showed that Hsp60, PCNA and Nup62 expression were elevated during plaque growth and returned to baseline during plaque stabilization. Thus, intracellular Hsp60 enhances NPI and VSMC proliferation through a chaperone and signaling mechanism, processes that may contribute to atherosclerotic development.
Matrix effects in blood gas proficiency testing.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Materials currently used for blood gas proficiency testing are unlike whole blood in several obvious respects, which by definition introduces matrix effects as possible sources of error that can affect proficiency testing results. Data from recent College of American Pathologists surveys are reviewed and aqueous and fluorocarbon matrices for PO2 and PCO2 testing are compared. Closely related to matrix effects are other sources of error unique to proficiency testing samples, such as sample temperature and sample packaging. Proficiency testing programs are seriously hampered by not being able to use either whole blood or a better surrogate than is currently available. In particular, the use of aqueous materials has the potential to penalize participant laboratories unfairly in some cases and to turn proficiency testing into a meaningless exercise in others.
Syntheses and structures of tris(para-tolyl)-, tris(3-fluorophenyl)-, and tris(4-fluorophenyl)antimony dioximates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tris(para-tolyl)antimony bis(2-oxybenzaldoximate) (I), tris(para-tolyl)antimony bis(2-nitrobenzaldoximate) (II), tris(para-tolyl)antimony bis(2-bromobenzaldoximate) (III), tris(3-fluorophenyl)antimony bis(2-oxybenzaldoximate) (IV), tris(4-fluorophenyl)antimony bis(2-bromobenzaldoximate) (V), and tris(4-fluorophenyl)antimony bis(2-nitrobenzaldoximate) (VI) are synthesized by the reactions of tris(paratolyl)-, tris(3-fluorophenyl)-, and tris(4-fluorophenyl)antimony with 2-oxy-, 2-nitro-, and 2-bromobenzaldoxime in diethyl ether in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The Sb atoms in complexes I–VI have a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination mode with the oximate ligands in the axial positions. CIF files CCDC nos. 1062231 (I), 1059962 (II), 1465384 (III), 1465109 (IV), 1471948 (V), and 1060387 (VI).
Essays on the Sound Pattern of English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book is a collection of readings in phonological theory with special reference to English. The essays it contains are all concerned to a significant extent with discussion and criticism of the theory of phonology developed by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle in their monograph The Sound Pattern of English. The aim in compiling this collection has been to bring together new papers, and papers that were previously only available in informal duplicated form or in comparatively inaccessible publications. This collection is of value to anyone teaching or studying English or general linguistics who wishes to make a serious study of current phonological theory, and serves as a reference anthology of permanent value to the specialist.