jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Estimation of Grinding Wheel Setting Error in Helical Gear Processing by Form Grinding.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the processing of gears by the form grinding method, the accuracy of the gear tooth profile is easily influenced by setting errors of grinding wheels. When the values of the coordinates and slope of the tangent at points on the cutting edge of a grinding wheel are given, the transmission of setting errors from a gridning wheel to a work is denoted by a matrix and analyzed. Using this method, the setting errors of the grinding wheel can be analytically calculated. The estimation of setting errors is performed on the basis of data of tooth profile error obtained in gear processing. The accuracy of the estimation is dependent on the number of data sampled from the tooth profile curve. The greater the number of sampling data is, the better the accuracy of the estimation becomes. It is possible to estimate from a few sampling data depending upon the grade of gear finishing. Processed examples based on this idea are shown. The results show that this estimation effectively maintains the accuracy of the gear in form grinding processing.
Fragility of the epidermis, a common pathophysiological mechanism of acne vulgaris, rosacea and reactive skin involving inflammasome activation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to review the recent evidence regarding the pathophysiology of reactive skin, acne vulgaris and rosacea, with a focus on the link between the impaired skin barrier and the inflammasome. In this context, we evaluated the activity of Rhealba ® oat plantlet extract on the inflammasome in vitro . Procedures: Using an in vitro inflammatory model of Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE), we explored the biologically active mature forms of inflammasome products, IL-1b and IL-18 cytokines, in parallel with inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, VEGF-A, MIP-1a/CCL3, sICAM-1. Results: We showed that a 2-h pre-treatment with Rhealba ® oat plantlet extract with Vitamin E and A-DERMA cream for reactive skin significantly blocked poly I:C-induced up-regulation of inflammasome cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as we observed IL18, IL6, IL8, TNFa, VEGF-A, MIP-1a, sICAM-1 down-regulation, along with a significant reduction of IL1-b. Conclusions and message of the paper: We propose that reactive skin, rosacea and acne share skin barrier and innate immunity dysfunctions. Moreover, the results suggest that Rhealba ® Oat plantlet extract provides an adapted solution for the treatment of reactive skin, and probably for the other skin disorders involving inflammasome pathway activation.
Detecting local spots in network materials prone to mechanical failure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The prediction of the onset of fracture is a challenging issue in the mechanics of disordered materials. In this contribution, we show that the fracture process in network glasses, such as silica glass, turns out to be a complex phenomenon that originates from specific spots that have the size of a few hundred atoms only. We apply pure shear deformation to identify local rearrangement spots prone to material damage. These spots are analyzed using stress drop steps, originally used for densely packed disordered systems.
A Suitable Method for Electroporation of Human Acute-premyelocyte HL60 Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objectives:To compare the efficiency of HL60 cellular transfection by eukaryotic expressing vector using different methods,and then the most suitable way for transfection could be screened out.Methods:Transfected the empty eukaryotic expressing vector into HL60 cells using 2mm and 4mm electroporating cups respectively using different instrumental parameter,following which the parameter could be ascertained based on the survival rate of HL60 cells.The comparison of transfection efficiency after 48h cellular culture was performed between groups with different plasmid addition and DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide) supplement.The G418 was employed to screen out positive clones,and its concentration was chosen based on positive rate analysis.At last,pDsRED-C1 empty expressing vector was transfected into HL60 cells following the methods above,and cellular biocharacters could be observed using flow cytometry(FCM),cellular chemical staining and transmission electron microscope.What’s more,the same transfecting procedure was used to transfected another empty eukaryotic expressing vector eYFP into HL60 cells.Results:The death rate of HL60 cells was increased in line with the elevation of intensity of electric shock and frequency of pulse.Square wave was stronger in electroporation than convolution wave.Along with the addition of plasmid,the number of positive transfected HL60 cells was up-regulated at first,and down-regulated subsequently with the constant tansfected parameter.Moreover,the positive transfected HL60 cells was much more in 2mm electroporated cup than 4mm electroporated cup under the same plasmid addition.The supplyment of DMSO in refrigerated transfection system could significantly improve the positive rate of transfection about nearly 13 times.400μg/ml G418 was choosen as the best screening drug concentration.After cellular electroporation,the cellular surface antigen CD11b and CD14 could not be detected,and that,the apoptosis could not be found by observation of cellular morphology and ultramicrostructure.Same procedure was successfully used in the transfection of eYFP-C1 into HL60 cells.Conclusion:The modified electroporating procedure could significantly promote the positive rate of cellular transfection,which would lay the foundation of researchers’ following experiments.
Damage Detection of A T-Shaped Panel by Wave Propagation Analysis in the Plane Stress / Wykrywanie Uszkodzen W Tarczy Typu T Z Uzyciem Analizy Propagacji Fal W Płaskim Stanie Naprezenia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A computational approach to analysis of wave propagation in plane stress problems is presented. The initial-boundary value problem is spatially approximated by the multi-node C 0 displacement-based isoparametric quadrilateral finite elements. To integrate the element matrices the multi-node Gauss-Legendre-Lobatto quadrature rule is employed. The temporal discretization is carried out by the Newmark type algorithm reformulated to accommodate the structure of local element matrices. Numerical simulations are conducted for a T-shaped steel panel for different cases of initial excitation. For diagnostic purposes, the uniformly distributed loads subjected to an edge of the T-joint are found to be the most appropriate for design of ultrasonic devices for monitoring the structural element integrity
The minimal fragments of c-Raf-1 and NF1 that can suppress v-Ha-Ras-induced malignant phenotype.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

v-Ha-Ras, an oncogenic Ras mutant, causes malignant transformation of mammalian cells by recruiting c-Raf-1, a cytosolic Ser/Thr kinase, to the plasma membranes/cytoskeleton. The kinase activity of c-Raf-1 resides in the C-terminal half, which activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase, while it is the N-terminal half of c-Raf-1 (Raf257, residues 1-257) that binds the Ras-GTP complex and can compete Ras GTPase-activating proteins such as NF1 for binding to Ras. However, it still remains to be clarified whether overexpression of Raf257 or its minimal Ras-binding fragment alone is sufficient to suppress Ras-induced malignancy. In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that the 81-amino acid fragment (Raf81, residues 51-131), the minimal Ras-binding fragment of Raf, indeed can suppress v-Ha-Ras-induced malignant phenotype. A further deletion of the first 6 amino acids causes 65% reduction in the Ras binding of Raf81. The resultant 75 amino acid fragment (Raf75, residues 57-131) consists of a single alpha-helix, five anti-paralleled beta-sheets and five loops. We have found that a further deletion of either the first beta-sheet/loop or the last two beta-sheets/loops completely abolishes Ras binding. In addition we have found that the removal of the C-terminal 35 amino acids from a Ras-binding 91-amino acid fragment of NF1 (NF91, residues 1441-1531) does not abolish its ability to suppress the Ras-induced malignancy.
The roles of HCV core protein and its binding host factor in virus assembly and release

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a well-known virus that causes liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. For several decades, numerous studies have been conducted to unravel the life cycle and molecular mechanisms of this virus with the aim of developing strategies to combat diseases caused by its infection. In this review, we summarize HCV assembly to budding, focusing on one of the structural proteins, the core, a viral capsid that binds both the viral genome and host membrane, along with the core-interacting host partners. The HCV core matures in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), localizes at the lipid droplet (LD), and shuttles between the LD and ER to form viral particles. This process is controlled by many host factors known to binds core proteins, such as diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1), Rab18, μ subunit of the clathrin adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2M1), nuclear pore complex protein 98 (Nup98), Cortactin, group IVA phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A) etc. Virion budding is thought to involve contributions from endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), similar to other envelope viruses. We delved into potential perspectives to enhance our understanding of the HCV mechanism by drawing insights from existing studies.
[Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 is Useful for Identifying Primary Tumors].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 67-year-old man had underwent liver resection 3 years previously. The pathological diagnosis was intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, a follow-up computed tomography(CT) scan revealed gradual enlargement of the pulmonary nodule left S1+2 and he was performed surgery. Because the metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was demonstrated for lymph node (LN) #3 by intraoperative rapid pathology, only the left upper lobe was resected. Finally, the postoperative pathological diagnosis by thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) staining was primary lung cancer. Liver lesion was also diagnosed as liver metastases of the lung cancer by TTF-1 staining.
Abstract P186: Comparison of Hypertension Prevalence, Treatment, and Control Among African Immigrants and African Americans in the US

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: African immigrants make up a growing share of Blacks in the US. However, little is known about their cardiovascular health because data are combined with African Americans, despite cultural, socioeconomic, and genetic differences. Hypothesis: There will be significant differences in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control between samples of African immigrants and African Americans. Methods: We included participants in the African Immigrant Health Study, a community-engaged study of African immigrants in Baltimore-Washington, D.C. Participants ≥ 30 years old were recruited from community groups and religious institutions from 2017-2018. They were English-speaking and born in West Africa. We compared them to a weighted sample of African Americans who were ≥ 30 years old from the 2015-2016 NHANES. We used t-test and chi-squared tests to compare hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control between the groups. Results: We compared 326 African immigrants (mean age 46; 60% women) to 928 African Americans (mean age 51; 56% women). African immigrants (60%) were more likely to have ≥ college education than African Americans (22%). African Americans (87%) were more likely to be insured than African immigrants (58%) and less likely (12%) to report a household income of ≥ $100,000 than African immigrants (21%). Age-standardized hypertension prevalence was higher in African Americans than African immigrants ( Table ). However, among those with hypertension, African Americans were more likely to be treated and controlled. Both groups had similar high rates of overweight/obesity; diabetes prevalence was higher in African Americans. Conclusions: Hypertension prevalence among African immigrants was lower than African Americans. However, hypertension treatment and control rates were lower in African immigrants and this may be due to poor healthcare access. Future studies may further elucidate reasons for differences among Black ethnic groups in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in five immunosuppressed patients: clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a relatively uncommon manifestation of a disease that primarily affects immunocompromised hosts. Five immunosuppressed patients (four with AIDS and one with a liver transplant) presented with fever, pancytopenia, markedly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and nodular pulmonary infiltrates (one miliary pattern). One patient had concomitant diffuse papular and purpuric skin lesions. All five originated from areas of Histoplasma endemicity (Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic). While histoplasmosis was suspected clinically and epidemiologically, diagnosis was primarily achieved by visualization of phagocytosed Histoplasma yeast cells in peripheral blood smears, broncheoalveolar lavage, and in biopsy specimens. All four AIDS patients showed elevated urine Histoplasma antigen and LDH levels, whereas the liver transplant recipient had a false negative urine Histoplasma antigen and a normal LDH. With the exception of one AIDS patient (in whom diagnosis was delayed), all responded to induction therapy with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole. Disseminated histoplasmosis should be suspected in immunosuppressed individuals who originate from areas of endemicity and present with pancytopenia, fevers, nodular infiltrates, and elevated LDH.
Mohenjo-daro: HR area, Temple, 2000 B.C.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many names have been given this particular structure at Mohenjo-daro, for its specific function is not clear to us, It is most likely a religious building of some sort and, therefore, is frequently termed the 'Temple' or 'Great Bath,' It measures thirty-nine feet by twenty-three feet by eight feet within a huge exterior structure measuring one hundred eighty feet by one hundred eight feet, As far as the religious and secular life of the people is concerned, this structure is an excellent document of their times because it displays the best masonry and ingenuity or architectural elements of any Mohenjo-daro construction, Inside the building was a courtyard at the center of which was a well, seen at the lower right of this slide, Surrounding the courtyard on two sides were rows of two-story buildings, reached by stairs, these were supplied with fresh water from the nearby well, Both the floor and walls were absolutely water-tight being plastered on the outside and plugged with a thick coat of bitumen (tar) on the inside, The second and third walls of the courtyard, completing the rectangle, were made of reemed mud making the whole a compact unit only penetrated by one large entrance and the pipes which served as emptying outlets for the water,
Microbiological preparations affecting the soil nutrient availability and growth of ryegrass in a pot experiment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of different bacterial fertilizers and their combinations with NPK fertilizer and wheat straw were investigated on some soil properties (chemical parameters) and on the biomass production of testplant. The applied quantities of the bacterial fertilizers were the double of the recommended dose. The experiment was set up in 2013 at the Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, in a three replications, in a random block design. Calcareous chernozem soil; originating from Debrecen (Látókép) was used with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) test plant. At the end of the experiment (after 8 week) the samples of soil and plants were determined for nitrate-nitrogen, ALsoluble phosphorus and potassium content of soil, the weight of green biomass of ryegrass per pot, the dry matter and moisture content of ryegrass. Straw treatment resulted better water and available nutrient content of soil in general. Inoculation however was not improving the biomass production over the fertilizer treatment. Interrelation with the recommended dose could be further studied.
Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of Review . Studies have been published in the field of autoimmune thyroid diseases since January 2005. The review is organized into areas of etiology, autoimmune features, autoantibodies, mechanism of thyroid cell injury, B-cell responses, and T-cell responses. Also it reviews the diagnosis and the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease, neoplasm, and kidney disorders. Recent Findings . Autoimmune thyroid diseases have been reported in people living in different parts of the world including North America, Europe, Baalkans, Asia, Middle East, South America, and Africa though the reported figures do not fully reflect the number of people infected per year. Cases are unrecognized due to inaccurate diagnosis and hence are treated as other diseases. However, the most recent studies have shown that the human autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) affect up to 5% of the general population and are seen mostly in women between 30 and 50 years. Summary . Autoimmune thyroid disease is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Overall, this review has expanded our understanding of the mechanism involved in pathogenesis of AITD and the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease, neoplasm, and kidney disease. It has opened new lines of investigations that will ultimately result in a better clinical practice.
An investigation of delayed language development of a withdrawn blind child

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Delay in language development can be the result of failure of a child to use language for purposes of communication. The notion that productive control of language can be considered separately from competence in language emerges as an important investigative concept. A non-verbal blind child whose delay in language was accompanied by indications that language was comprehended is the subject of this study. Demonstration of language acquisition and comprehension of both structural (syntactic) forms and understanding of meaning was achieved by a transformational analysis of spontaneous utterances, sentence completions, word associations, and the Brown and Berko Usage Test. The investigation of the language usage of the subject is considered in terms of social usage and the acquisition of public and private symbol systems. Three major premises emerge from the study: 1. Language may be acquired and competence attained while productive control remains undeveloped. 2. The structural forms employed provide an accurate reflection of deviance in language and speech development. 3. The question of reference to the external world is crucial to the development of language for social communication.
Επίδραση της χρήσεως των αναλόγων των προσταγλανδινών ( λατανοπρόστης, τραβοπρόστης και μπιματοπρόστης) στο κεντρικό πάχος του κερατοειδούς ασθενών με χρόνιο γλαύκωμα

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin analogues on the central corneal thickness (CCT) of patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG). Methods: 129 eyes participated in this study. Of these, 108 eyes were treated with prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost), while 21 eyes treated with b-blockers were used as controls. CCT was measured before treatment and at three-month intervals. Results: A slight but significant increase in CCT was recorded in the bimatoprost and latanoprost groups. Treatment with bimatoprost produced a constant increase (1, 85- 8, 83 μm) in CCT at all time points of the study. The CCT rise found in the latanoprost group was significant for the first year. Treatment with travoprost did not affect CCT. Conclusions: The possibility of corneal thickening under prolonged, local prostaglandin treatment should be investigated further. However, in clinical practice, CCT changes may sometimes influence intraocular pressure measurements significantly.
The focal complex of epithelial cells provides a signalling platform for interleukin-8 induction in response to bacterial pathogens

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial pathogens can induce an inflammatory response from epithelial tissues due to secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Many bacterial pathogens manipulate components of the focal complex (FC) to induce signalling events in host cells. We examined the interaction of several bacterial pathogens with host cells, including Campylobacter jejuni, to determine if the FC is required for induction of chemokine signalling in response to bacterial pathogens. Our data indicate that secretion of IL-8 is triggered by C. jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in response to engagement of β1 integrins. Additionally, we found that the secretion of IL-8 from C. jejuni infected epithelial cells requires FAK, Src and paxillin, which in turn are necessary for Erk 1/2 recruitment and activation. Targeting the FC component paxillin with siRNA prevented IL-8 secretion from cells infected with several bacterial pathogens, including C. jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Our findings indicate that maximal IL-8 secretion from epithelial cells in response to bacterial infection is dependent on the FC. Based on the commonality of the host response to bacterial pathogens, we propose that the FC is a signalling platform for an epithelial cell response to pathogenic organisms.
Non-Destructive Analytical Investigation of Decorative Wallpapers Samples of the Nineteenth Century before Their Restoration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this work, decorative wallpapers (19th century) from an historical palace located in Oiartzun (Basque Country, Spain) were analyzed before their restoration. Micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the elemental and molecular composition of pigments, the presence of binders, and the state of conservation of the paper support. The aim of the investigation was trying to understand the possible degradation pathways and identify the raw materials in order to choose the best restoration protocol according to the original aspect of wallpapers. As stated from both the elemental distribution and the identification of mineral phases by Raman spectroscopy, the most used pigment was lead chromate. It was mixed with other pigments such as ultramarine blue, zinc chromate, hematite, and atacamite among others to obtain different shades and they were applied mixed with an animal glue. Brass, identified thanks to elemental micro-EDXRF maps, was employed as a shiny decorative element. In addition, a partial degradation of cellulose was detected due to its natural ageing, the acidic nature of lignin, and to a phenomenon of humidity of the walls. Probably the deposition of black particulate matter was the cause of the darkening of the painting surfaces.