jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning for a Ball Interception Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning method called a fuzzy Q-learning where an agent determines its action based on the inference result by a fuzzy rule-based system. We apply the proposed method to a soccer agent that intercepts a passed ball by another agent. In the proposed method, the state space is represented by internal in-formation the learning agent maintains such as the relative velocity and the relative position of the ball to the learning agent. We divide the state space into several fuzzy subspaces. A fuzzy if-then rule in the proposed method represents a fuzzy subspace in the state space. The consequent part of the fuzzy if-then rules is a motion vector that suggests the mov-ing direction and velocity of the learning agent. A reward is given to the learning agent if the distance between the ball and the agent becomes smaller or if the agent catches up with the ball. It is expected that the learning agent finally obtains the efficient positioning skill. 1
[3D ultrasound guidance for prostate biopsy with MRI-image fusion].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endorectal prostate biopsies by using 2D ultrasound guidance remain the gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer. However this technique is limited by a low yield knowing that only 20-30% of all prostate biopsies detect prostate cancer. Since a few years it is possible to do these biopsies by using 3D endorectal ultrasound guidance with fusion to MRI images in order to increase the yield. This new technique permits to visualize the exact localization of all biopsies and gives the certitude of a good mapping of the prostate tissue increasing the yield up to 40%. By fusioning images of the MRI with the 3D ultrasound, it is even possible to target suspect lesions visualized on the MRI, which permits to increase the yield up to 100% in favorable cases.
Professional Carer Experiences of Working with Young People in Specialist Care Placements in South Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the emphasis within Australian child protection upon family-based care as the preferred placement option, it has been increasingly recognised that some young people may be best served in specialist care placements, such as residential or therapeutic care. This paper presents a thematic analysis of 20 interviews undertaken with professional carers who, at the time, were working in a specialist care programme in South Australia known as Individual Packages of Care. The analysis suggests that three key issues were at stake for participants: (1) the impact of role conflict between engaging in caring relationships with young people and maintaining professional boundaries; (2) the impact of additional stakeholders (such as mental health professionals) upon the stability of the placement; and (3) the use of restraint as a form of behaviour management. The paper concludes by discussing the interesting relationship identified in the data between caring relationships and the use of restraint, and makes recommendations from the data for issues requiring further consideration with regard to specialist care placements.
For Lack of Wisdom: Courage and Inquiry in Plato's "Laches"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In contrast to the common view of courage that conceives its contribution to be limited to acts of personal sacrifice, Plato's Laches highlights courage as an essential component of the greatest personal good, namely education. As such, courage operates specifically as a check against the fear of the unknown. This fear poses a serious threat both to politics and to philosophy by engendering a yearning for certainty or scientific expertise that impedes prudent citizenship and precludes genuine inquiry. In its opposition to this fear, courage underlies not only the soldier's risk-taking but also the juror's necessary firmness in distinguishing reasonable and unreasonable doubt. Above all, such courage proves to be essential to a philosopher grappling with his own ignorance. In general, then, courage supports the noble exertions of those who in a decisive respect are deficient in widsom.
Critical Binder cumulant and universality: Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters and order-parameter fluctuations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the dependence of the critical Binder cumulant of the magnetization and the largest Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster on the boundary conditions and aspect ratio of the underlying square Ising lattices. By means of the Swendsen-Wang algorithm, we generate numerical data for large system sizes and we perform a detailed finite-size scaling analysis for several values of the aspect ratio $r$, for both periodic and free boundary conditions. We estimate the universal probability density functions of the largest Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster and we compare it to those of the magnetization at criticality. It is shown that these probability density functions follow similar scaling laws, and it is found that the values of the critical Binder cumulant of the largest Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster are upper bounds to the values of the respective order-parameter's cumulant, with a splitting behavior for large values of the aspect ratio. We also investigate the dependence of the amplitudes of the magnetization and the largest Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster on the aspect ratio and boundary conditions. We find that the associated exponents, describing the aspect ratio dependencies, are different for the magnetization and the largest Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster, but in each case are independent of boundary conditions.
Medical Image Registration Using Genetic Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many image-processing applications it is necessary to register multiple images of the same scene acquired by different sensors, or images taken by the same sensor but at different times. Mathematical modeling techniques are used to correct the geometric errors like translation, scaling and rotation of the input image to that of the reference image, so that these images can be used in various applications like change detection, image fusion etc. In the conventional methods, these errors are corrected by taking control points over the image and these points are used to establish the mathematical model. This paper addresses the image registration problem applying genetic algorithms. The image registration's objective is to define mapping that best match two set of points or images. In this work the point matching problem was addressed employing a method based on nearest-neighbor. The mapping was handled by affine transformations.
Persisting Transglutaminase 6 Antibodies in Neurological Gluten‐Related Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Gluten‐related autoimmunity can cause neurological disease, although the best way to diagnose and monitor such patients is unclear. Serological testing for antibodies against transglutaminase 6 (TG6) has been proposed; however, this is not widely available in clinical practice. Using longitudinal data from patients attending a specialist neurological center with routine TG6 testing, this observational study explores how antibody history relates to brain atrophy, cognition, and quality of life. Methods Serological records of patients with gluten‐related neurological disease were collected alongside clinical brain magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were recruited to undertake questionnaires that assessed/included chronic symptom severity, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the SF‐12, and the Biagi scale for gluten‐free diet adherence. Volunteers were offered the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale for cognitive testing. Primary analyses focused on patients with ≥5 years of serology (n = 462), and related TG6 history to available clinical outcomes (primary analysis range 89–104). Results Patients with a previous positive immunoglobulin A (IgA) TG6 result reported greater depression, symptom severity, and poorer physical functioning. IgA TG6 antibody exposure was correlated with regional brain atrophy (age‐corrected). Greater self‐reported gluten‐free diet adherence significantly predicted a recent negative IgA TG6 test. Subgroup analyses replicated multiple findings in patients with and without celiac disease. Interpretation TG6 testing can identify patients at risk of accelerated brain atrophy, poorer physical functioning, and worsened mental health. IgA TG6 should be used as a diagnostic and monitoring test for patients with relevant neurological presentations, while achieving negative serology with a strict gluten‐free diet should be the goal. ANN NEUROL 2025
Suspected ectopic pregnancy: expectant management in patients with negative sonographic findings and low serum hCG concentrations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between July 1989 and December 1994, we performed a prospective study in 265 patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy to assess the value of expectant management in patients with negative transvaginal sonographic findings and low serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations. All patients had serum hCG concentrations < 1500 IU/l. Eventually, ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in 68 patients (25.6%), intrauterine pregnancy in 81 patients (30.6%) and trophoblast in regression in 116 patients (43.8%). Test results of our diagnostic strategy, that integrated the results of serial transvaginal sonography, serum hCG monitoring and expectant management, were good: sensitivity 90%, specificity 98%, likelihood ratio of a positive test result 45 and likelihood ratio of a negative test result 0.1. Expectant management in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy and low serum hCG concentrations proved to be safe, and it enabled us to avoid untimely invasive interventions in patients with an early intrauterine pregnancy or with trophoblast in regression.
A Hydrogen‐Permselective Silicon Oxycarbide Membrane Derived from Polydimethylsilane

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel microporous membrane has been prepared by modifying an asymmetric SiC support using polydimethylsilane (PMS). One membrane, pyrolyzed at 573 K, possesses H 2 /N 2 selectivity of ∼100 and H 2 permeance of 8.9 × 10 −8 mol·m −2 ·s −1 ·Pa −1 at 473 K. The other membrane, pyrolyzed at 873 K, has a lower H 2 /N 2 selectivity of ∼40 and lower H 2 permeance of 4.9 × 10 −9 mol·m −2 ·s −1 ·Pa −1 at 473 K. Permeation in both membranes exhibits the characteristics of activated diffusion at elevated temperatures. A higher pyrolysis temperature results in a less‐permeable membrane. The support preparation and the thermal events of PMS are analyzed. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on membrane property are discussed.
The Impact of Supermarkets on Farmers, Consumers, and Food Security in Developing Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 1990s, food systems in developing countries have been undergoing technological and institutional changes as vast and rapid as any in history. Three intersecting trends are reinforcing these changes. First, entire food systems are becoming more private, with a far larger role for market forces and a much smaller role for government-owned parastatals and cooperatives. Policy efforts to isolate domestic food economies from the world market have increasingly been unsuccessful in the face of market incentives for private traders. Second, food systems are becoming more integrated, with the same firm often dealing with farmers, traders, processors, and consumers. This integration is a stark change from food-marketing sectors that traditionally had been highly decentralized, very small scale and labor intensive, and usually extremely competitive, although often operating at high cost because of poor infrastructure and high commercial risks. Third, food systems are becoming more global, with foreign direct investment (FDI) bringing state-of-the-art management and logistical techniques as well as access to (and competition from) global markets. Globalization is more than a “buzzword” in developing countries; it is a day-to-day reality for many farmers and consumers. The rapid spread of supermarkets is the key to understanding all three forces and how they are interacting. The rise of supermarkets and the changed role of governments in domestic food systems raise serious questions in three domains: (1) the fate of small farmers who need to diversify into higher-valued products than staple grains because “market-led diversification” now means “supermarket led”; (2) the impact on welfare of consumers (including nutritional impact) because consumers increasingly face a confusing array of new choices, not all of which are nutritious, when shopping in supermarkets; and finally, (3) who plans for a country’s food security (the government or supermarkets), who should be responsible for ensuring stable supplies of staple foods (politicians or the market), and who has responsibility for improving the quality of diets.
A shift in cloze procedure usage: A new tool for activating ZPD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Of significant challenges encountered in the field of Foreign Language Acquisition (FLA) is finding efficient procedures to make learning more promising, and at the same time-independent. Along with these attempts, the present study tries to make a shift in the usage of the cloze procedure traditionally used for testing reading comprehension. Our aim was to find out whether using a cloze procedure prior to teaching reading comprehension skills prompts EFL students Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in learning reading comprehension skills across proficiency levels. To that end, applying quasi-experimental design, 380 B.S. students majoring in engineering were selected based on intact classes and randomly divided into control and experimental groups while their proficiency levels determined through their scores on the Cambridge Quick Placement Test. Then, the participants in the experimental group (N=190) received the prepared cloze procedure, whereas those in the control group received the same procedure for teaching reading skills except the cloze before instruction. Both groups received pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-tests. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using independent samples t-test to understand the differences between the groups. The results from the tests revealed that using instructional cloze procedure before teaching reading skills has significant effects on participants’ ZPD in all proficiency levels and can broaden their learning. The finding of the present study implies that instead of adhering to the traditional teaching principles and instruments, instructors can use innovative procedures and manipulate traditional methods and tools to facilitate and lengthen learning processes.
Prolonged PR Interval Is a Risk Factor for Bradycardia During Spinal Anesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives Bradycardia occurs during 9%-13% of spinal anesthetics and may lead to cardiac arrest. Several risk factors for the development of bradycardia have been identified, but the risk conferred by presence of abnormalities detected on preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) has not been examined. The authors undertook the study to correlate abnormal ECG findings with the incidence of bradycardia. Methods The database was previously collected from 952 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Patient records were reviewed and 537 had ECGs performed within 6 months of surgery. Intraoperative bradycardia was defined as a heart rate <50 bpm (plus >10% decrease from baseline). Abnormalities recorded from the ECG were prolonged PR interval (PR > 0.2 sec), atrial-ventricular conduction abnormalities, evidence of chamber hypertrophy, ischemia, and infarction. The findings were compared with incidence of bradycardia using contingency tables. Significant correlations were then evaluated with logistic regression. Significance was defined as P < .05. Results The incidence of bradycardia in this population was 12%. Patients with a prolonged PR interval had an increased incidence of bradycardia (25%, P = .01). Other ECG abnormalities did not correlate with increased incidence of bradycardia. Duration of PR interval did correlate significantly ( P = .001) but poorly ( r 2 = 0.014) with baseline heart rate. However, logistic regression demonstrated that prolonged PR interval was a significant and independent predictor for bradycardia (odds ratio = 3.2, P = .01). Conclusions Risk factors previously identified for the development of bradycardia during spinal anesthesia include: baseline heart rate <60 bpm, ASA physical status 1 versus 3 or 4, use of beta-blocking drugs, sensory block height ≥T5, and age <50. The results demonstrate that prolonged PR interval on the preoperative ECG is another significant and independent predictor for bradycardia.
Broadband and low-profile H-plane ridged horn antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a broadband and low-profile Hplane horn antenna mounted on a large ground plane. By employing stepped ridges and an ellipse-shaped copper taper extended along the horn aperture, the proposed antenna achieves a wide bandwidth from 4.2 GHz to 18 GHz for VSWR 2 while retaining the antenna height of only 5.508mm. Acceptable gain values with nearly end-fire radiation beams are obtained over the entire frequency band.
Quantitative stability of a nonlocal Sobolev inequality

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the quantitative stability of the nonlocal Soblev inequality \begin{equation*} S_{HL}\left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}\big(|x|^{-μ} \ast |u|^{2_μ^{\ast}}\big)|u|^{2_μ^{\ast}} dx\right)^{\frac{1}{2_μ^{\ast}}}\leq\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2 dx , \quad \forall~u\in \mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{equation*} where $2_μ^{\ast}=\frac{2N-μ}{N-2}$ and $S_{HL}$ is a positive constant depending only on $N$ and $μ$. For $N\geq3$, and $0<μ
Inventory Replenishment for Profit Maximization over a Finite Horizon under One-time Cost Changes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article considers the optimal inventory ordering, purchasing and holding policies of the profit-maximization problem, as against the well-known cost-minimization case, over a finite horizon of length H, under two special conditions. First, there is change in at least one of the inventory costs, that is, in the cost of ordering and/or purchasing/holding, at some point, T c < H, during the planning horizon. Second, it is not necessary to satisfy the demand, at a rate of R units per year, for the entire horizon. Rather, the objective is to meet the demand for a period of length H 1 ≤ H. In fact, if the retailer does not have the obligation to meet the entire demand, this article shows the conditions wherein it may be more profitable to meet only a portion or may be even none of the demand. Further, such a determination can be made up front, with H 1 as a decision variable and the optimal policies of the cost-minimization models, by fulfilling the entire demand, will result in lower profits. Numerical examples are included to identify the demand fulfilment and the profit differences between the cost-minimization and profit-maximization optimal policies, under the different one-time cost changes.
Modelling service quality competition among banks in Singapore.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we model the banking competition in Singapore along the dimensions of service quality a consumer bank provides. Our research follows the model put forth by Jackson, Nandakumar and Roth in the paper, “Market structure, Consumer Banking, and Optimal Level of Service Quality.” According to Jackson et al, banks which are interacting in markets with low demand interaction (b) would differ greatly in the optimal level of service quality, thus showing a wide spread across banks. A correlation analysis for each of the consumer banks’ deposit and loan markets was used to determine the value of b. In Singapore, b took on a low value. To test this finding, we conducted a survey to determine if there exists a larger spread for banks in markets of low b and high l. In general, we find that our results support the Jackson et al.’s model to a large degree.
Energy saving formation control of multi-robot systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In modern world, most products are make to be as compact as possible but did not reduce the usability of the products. One such product was the robot. It has been notice that some of the robots are compact in size and yet able to complete the objective they have. As they are compact in size, most of them are battery operated and it is definitely a must for them to complete the task before the power runs out. This project will compare the energy efficiency of multi robot system with the use of poweranalyser. It compares two different control methods mainly the Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Close Loop Control with the use of the same controller for each individual method. The test was done by allowing the robot to reach its target location with the help of each control method. The robot was to link with the computer via Bluetooth as the computer works as the central processing unit. The data was being processed by the computer before data was transferred to the robot through Bluetooth. To allow a better comparison, it is recommended to use a different robot for the same test. If the result tallies with the result of this project, we will have a better understanding. Also, we can have a different task to see the energy consumption of the robot and compare the result with this experiment. In conclusion, MPC have a higher advantage as compared to the Close Loop Control as it has a lower energy consumption as compared to the Close Loop Control.
Land resources management of shallots farming: a case study in the highlands of Solok Regency, West Sumatera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Solok Regency in West Sumatera Province is one of the new development centers for shallot production in Indonesia. This region has a specific cultivation characteristic that is different from other shallot production centers, where the cultivation is done in the highlands throughout the year. It is estimated that there will be differences in yields and production techniques between the rainy and wet seasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate farming practices of shallot cultivation in the highland of Solok Regency during the dry and wet seasons. Survey on 95 shallot farmers in Solok Regency showed that the use of labour inputs, solid pesticides, leaf fertilizers, and adhesives was significantly different between the rainy season and the dry season. At the same time, the land area inputs, mulch use, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, dolomite, and liquid pesticides were not significantly different. The productivity of each land unit in the rainy season is lower than that of the dry season. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for planning the application of integrated pest and disease management technology according to the appropriate season on the shallot commodity in the highlands of Solok Regency.