jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence of the construction process on bored piles and diaphragm walls: A numerical study.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is known that installation of cast-in situ concrete structures such as bored piles and diaphragm walls may influence the properties of the adjacent soil. Installation effects are important because they may change the stresses applied to, and subsequent performance of cast-in situ bored piles and diaphragm walls. These effects have been studied using the finite element method. In particular the generation of excess pore pressures during construction and subsequent dissipation of these pore pressures have been examined using coupled consolidation analyses. A number of analyses featuring different variations of the construction process have been carried out. The results show that the in-situ stress regimes around bored piles and diaphragm walls do change due to installation and that there is only partial recovery with time.
GIS Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts distribution at Holtun from the Preclassic through the Classic Periods.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The nature of social organization at an archaeological site can be interpreted from many types of material remains. Exotic goods are particularly useful for making inferences about social organization because of their scarcity, utilitarian demand, and symbolic characteristics. Obsidian artifacts are some of the most abundant exotic goods among the Lowland Maya. The acquisition of these artifacts was the result of a wide net of commerce from the highlands of Guatemala and central Mexico into the Maya lowlands. The patterns of consumption and distribution of obsidian artifacts vary according the time and location. This variation is seen as the result of complex dynamics of trade and social interactions among the ancient Maya. Therefore, I argue that there is variability perceptible in the patterns of consumption and local distribution of obsidian between the elite residential groups at the site of Holtun. This study presents a descriptive and comparative analysis of the patterns of obsidian consumption observed in the samples from the excavations performed by the Holtun Archaeological Project from 2011 through 2016. The analysis contributes to the understanding of local processes in association with regional socioeconomic and political dynamics in the Maya Lowlands.
Previous research has suggested that obsidian distribution in some times and places was centralized and controlled by powerful Maya polities. In addition, research performed on obsidian artifacts reveals a change in the consumption of different obsidian sources at other sites in the Yaxha basin, the geographic location of Holtun. The data collected by Holtun Archaeological Project provide information that correlates with the broader trends of obsidian preferences in the area. Our findings suggest that during the Preclassic period (c. 600 BC to AD 250) the frequency of obsidian artifacts from San Martin Jilotepeque was higher than other sources and the artifacts from El Chayal were restricted to households especially associated with the first ritual and monumental construction at the site. Then, during the Classic Period (AD 250 to 950), the frequency of artifacts from San Martin Jilotepeque experienced a decrease in quantity and the artifacts from El Chayal were more accessible across the site. The process of excavation and mapping, and the subsequent laboratory analyses have allowed for the documentation of this variability in accessibility and consumption preferences within different elite residential groups. To facilitate these interpretations, a map of Holtun was created using Geographic Information Systems. It allows the inclusion of layers of information obtained during this research, constituting a point of reference for the understanding of socioeconomic and political changes experienced within the site during the intriguing transition from the Preclassic to the Classic period.
cyclopolymerization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Citation: 'cyclopolymerization' in the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 3rd ed.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2006. Online version 3.0.1, 2019. 10.1351/goldbook.C01505 • License: The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International for individual terms. Requests for commercial usage of the compendium should be directed to IUPAC.
Healthcare Seeking Behaviour of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally, and the trend has been projected to continue due to the increasing incidence of diabetes and hypertension among the population. Considering CKD is a chronic condition, it necessitates ongoing monitoring and treatment, and all healthcare workers. The objective of the study is to establish the healthcare-seeking behavior of patients with chronic kidney disease in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. Methods: The study employed a descriptive study design was adopted following a qualitative research method. The study selected ten participants for the interview. An interview guide was used to elicit information from the participants. the data was analyzed using content analysis, where themes were formed. Results: Participants exhibited varied knowledge relating to their conditions which in a way influenced their health-seeking behaviour. Overall, the participants express positive knowledge and attitude towards their condition and which envisages that it translates into positive healthcare-seeking behavior. Most participants stated that they don’t have any alternative source to seek healthcare services related to CKD. Very few of them would like to seek herbal treatment in addition to the care they receive from the hospital. Almost all the CKD patients were having difficulty in paying for the healthcare services they are receiving at the hospital. Conclusion: The participants revealed positive health-seeking behaviour, and have developed good faith and trust in healthcare providers. Their major challenge has to do with paying for their healthcare needs as CKD patients. It is thus recommended that health insurance packages should be created for CKD patients. The paper has contributed to increasing knowledge of the health-seeking behaviour of people living with chronic kidney disease and the financial difficulty they go through, and the need for action to be taken to help chronic kidney disease patients.
In vitro Effects of Some Thai Anthelmintic Plants on Mortality and Change of Tegumental Surface of Stellantchasmus falcatus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Several Thai herbs have been used to treatment of parasite infection according to the Thai Pharmacopoeia. To verify their anthelmintic activity scientifically, Stellantchasmus falcatus was used as model to test their activity. The activity of aqueous extracts of papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) seeds and bitter cucumber (Mormordica charantia Linn.) fruits were studied by using mortality and tegumental surface change on S. falcatus. The worms were incubated in 12.5%, 50% and 100% (0.47, 1.88 and 3.15 mg/ml for papaya seed extract respectively, 7.5, 30 and 60 mg/ml for bitter cucumber extract, respectively) aqueous herbal extracts and in Tyrode’s solution as control. As a result, the aqueous extract of papaya seeds tended to have more anthelmintic activity than that of bitter cucumber fruits due to much less concentration of papaya seed extract was required to kill the total worms than the bitter cucumber fruit extract. Besides, scanning electron microscopic was performed to observe change of tegumental surface of dead worm treated by those extracts. Consequently, those worms treated with aqueous extract of papaya seeds showed loss of spine, especially around the oral sucker and posterior region; whereas curving at the edge of the spines, blebbing and rupturing at the body surface were observed in the worms exposed to both papaya seed and bitter cucumber fruit extracts. The aqueous extracts of papaya seeds and bitter cucumber fruits have anthelmintic activity which can be used in treatment of parasite infection.
Orexin-A Stimulates the Glucose Output of Porcine Hepatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Orexin-A (OxA) is a key neuropeptide involved in the central control of appetite and the maintenance of energy homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of glycemia. In the present study, OxA receptors, OX1R and OX2R were identified to be highly expressed in porcine hepatocytes. 100 nM OxA could rapidly stimulate the glucose output of porcine hepatocytes in 10 min. Primary hepatocytes treated by 1 nM-500 nM OxA for 24 h significantly increase the released glucose and the concentration of albumin, total bile acids and triglyceride in the supernatant. The mRNA expression level of such gluconeogenesis and fat mobilization related genes as acetyl-coA carboxylase, glycogen phosphorylase, fatty acid translocase and phosphoenolpyrurate carboxykinase were also up-regulated accordingly. The results first demonstrated that OxA had direct effect on the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, which was an aspect for OxA to exert its maintenance function of energy homeostasis.
Parameter optimization for wheeze detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wheeze is an abnormal breath sound which occurs when airways in the lungs have been narrow and produced a continuous high-pitched whistling noise. Over the last few years, stethoscope has been used to analysis respiratory sound, but it requires interpretation time before diagnosis could be obtained. However, for cases such as several breathing problems which could lead to medical emergency and death diagnosis must be conducted within a short time span. Which resulted in more wheeze detection algorithm created and developed in the market. However, the acceptance of these algorithms highly depends on the diagnostic accuracy rate. Therefore, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy results, different time sensitivity parameters have been studied in this study. In this study, the author would be focusing on Entropy Based Wheeze Detection (EBWD) algorithm to extract entropy features such as Entropy Difference and Entropy Ratio. Meanwhile, time sensitivity parameter optimization such as Length of Smoothing Filter, Ratio of Window Overlap, and Duration of Window would be analysed. Classification methods like K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were also studied. Through this study, an optimal linear classification result of 50% Window Overlap and 60ms Hanning Window achieved accuracy, specificity and sensitivity percentage of 93.8%, 100%, and 88.9% respectively.
Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources in the GW Era

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We will discuss the importance of the "Multifrequency Astrophysics" as a pillar of an interdisciplinary approach for the knowledge of the physics of our Universe. Indeed, as largely demonstrated in the last decades, only with the multifrequency observations of cosmic sources it is possible to get near the whole behaviour of a source and then to approach the physics governing the phenomena that originate such a behaviour. In spite of this, a multidisciplinary approach in the study of each kind of phenomenon occurring in each kind of cosmic source is even more powerful than a simple "astrophysical approach". A clear example of a multidisciplinary approach is that of "The Bridge between the Big Bang and Biology". This bridge can be described by using the competences of astrophysicists, planetary physicists, atmospheric physicists, geophysicists, volcanologists, biophysicists, biochemists, and astrobiophysicists. The unification of such competences can provide the intellectual framework that will better enable an understanding of the physics governing the formation and structure of cosmic objects, apparently uncorrelated with one another, that on the contrary constitute the steps necessary for the life (e.g. Giovannelli, 2001). Indeed, a lot of the future research in astrophysics will be focussed on the discovery of exoplanets and on the possibility to detect signals for alien life somewhere in the Galaxy. An extension to a multidisciplinary approach is coming from the use of historical news reported in "old chronicle" that are a fundamental source for the newborn "archaeoastronomy". There are many problems in performing Simultaneous Multifrequency, Multisite, Multiinstrument, Multiplatform Measurements due to: (i) objective technological difficulties; (ii) sharing common scientific objectives; (iii) problems of scheduling and budgets; (iv) politic management of science. All these kind of measurements converge in what is now called {\it Multimessenger Astrophysics}, after the detection of gravitational wave events (GWEs) and the search for the electromagnetic counterparts of such events. A part of this paper is a summary of an updated version of the book "The Impact of the Space Experiments on Our Knowledge of the Physics of the Universe" published in 2004 by the Kluwer Academic Publishers, reprinted from the review paper by Giovannelli, F. & Sabau-Graziati, L.: 2004, Space Sci. Rev. 112, 1-443 (GSG2004), and subsequent considered lucubrations. In this paper we will provide several example that marked the continuous evolution on the knowledge of the physics of our Universe.
Detection of Colistin Resistant E. coli in Children at Pediatric Hospital of Assiut University, Using Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antibioticresistance among Enterobacteriaceae is steadily increasing, posing a serious threat, particularly in developing countries.The most pressing need, especially in developing nations, is for an effective, low-cost antibacterial agent that may be administered safely to treat children with diarrhea [2].Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are among clinically important multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.These bacteria usually remain susceptible to polymyxins, an old family of antimicrobial agents which were of little use in the 1970s due to their potential toxicity, attention for polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) has been
[Rifaximin application in the overgrowth bacterial syndrome in the small intestine in patients after cholecystectomy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rifaximin at a dose of 1200 mg/day compared with a dose of 800 mg/day in patients with PHES associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, had a more pronounced clinical effect, as evidenced by positive dynamics in the form of relief of clinical symptoms and normalization of the hydrogen breath test.
Blacks in Springfield, 1868–1880: A Mobility Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Springfield City Directories for the years 1868–69 through 1880–81 were used to identify the Black residents and to study occupational mobility. Laborers were constantly changing residence, many of them moving almost yearly whether or not they changed jobs. In 1860 Mason sold the fire station lot to the city on the condition that the land be used for public purposes. In 1885, for the nominal sum of one dollar, Mason released all restrictions so the city could build the fire station. In 1817, Thomas was born a slave in Oxford, Maryland. At the age of ten he was put to work as a waiter on a steamboat in Chesapeake Bay. In 1853, he moved to Springfield, Illinois, where he worked in a hotel patronized by both Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. In 1860, Thomas was part of a group which informed Lincoln of his nomination for the office of president.
Integration Of Blockchain With Fog Computing To Improvise Security & Privacy Issues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The concept of fog computing was suggested to help cloud computing for the fast data processing of Internet of Things (IoT) based applications. Even, fog computing faces many challenges such as Security, Privacy & Storage. One way to handle these challenges is to integrate blockchain with fog computing. There are several applications of blockchain and fog computing integration that have been proposed, recently, due to their lucrative benefits such as enhancing security and privacy. Also we have to systematically review the literature on both the technologies (blockchain & fog computing). The purposes of integrating blockchain and fog computing is to tailored search criteria established from the research questions. In this research, the combination of blockchain and fog computing approach for several purposes such as security, privacy, access control, and trust management. By Insufficient laws and standard, it is difficult for blockchain and fog computing to be integrated in the future. Particularly in light of newly developed technologies like quantum computing and artificial intelligence has more power. In this paper we tried to minimize some security issues in fog computing via using the technology of blockchain.
Marring the Memory: The 1967 Vimy Ridge Commemorations and Canada-France Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Commemorating Canada's legendary April 1917 battle of Vimy Ridge has normally proven an emotive event of national importance, symbolic of shared Canadian and French wartime trials and given mostly to remembrance of Canada's war dead. Since 1936, the ridge has been graced by the massive Canadian National Vimy Memorial, for decades the site of impressive and solemn annual ceremonies. But Canada's 1967 50th anniversary celebrations of the battle – a showpiece of the national centenary celebrations – became mired in controversy. French President General Charles de Gaulle was deeply offended that Canada had invited Prince Philip to the event without consulting Paris. It was a stunning diplomatic blunder, especially since Canada's relations with France already were tense as a result of de Gaulle's tacit support for the cause of Quebec independence. Consequently, an opportunity to commemorate a signal event in Canadian history devolved into a fractious bilateral debate and led to a shocking and much-deplored French boycott of the ceremonies. This article adds to the history of commemoration as foreign policy and argues that the Vimy incident had major consequences on France–Canada relations and played a role in France's growing encouragement of Quebec separatists.
Human Burial Evidence from Hattab II Cave and the Question of Continuity in Late Pleistocene–Holocene Mortuary Practices in Northwest Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Archaeological excavations in 2002–3 at Hattab II Cave in northwestern Morocco revealed an undisturbed Late Palaeolithic Iberomaurusian human burial. This is the first Iberomaurusian inhumation discovered in the region. The skeleton is probably that of a male aged between 25 and 30 years. The individual shows a characteristic absence of the central upper incisors reported in other Iberomaurusian burials. Accompanying the burial are a stone core and a number of grave goods including bone points, a marine gastropod and a gazelle horn core. Thermoluminescence dating of a burnt stone artefact in association with the burial has provided an age of 8900?1100 bp . This is one of the youngest ages reported for the Iberomaurusian and raises questions about persistence of hunter-gatherer societies in the Maghreb and the potential for continuity in burial practices with the earliest Neolithic.
Hospital acquired infections could still be prevented

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

EDITOR,—P J Sanderson correctly states that many local hospital acquired infections arise because of interventions such as urinary catheterisation or tracheal intubation and infers that infection rates reflect the number of patients subjected to these procedures. Sanderson concludes that these infections are inevitable and not so amenable to conventional infection control. We have a wider view of the role of infection control in reducing hospital acquired infection.

Firstly, infection control is not simply a matter of preventing cross infection. Promoting good practice, …
[Quantitative evaluation of the phase image in radionuclide ventriculography ].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A functional image is a representation that enhances a particular characteristic of organ behaviour (feature enhancement) with a concomitant reduction or elimination of other informations. The functional image of phase (PI), obtained by Fourier analysis, may be interpreted to represent the onset of counts reduction or contraction in each region of the heart. Phase Spreading (PS), is a parameter derived from PI and represents ventricular temporal behaviour including some spatial information. Phase analysis and PS are very sensitive tools in the diagnosis and characterization of cardiac pathology. PS is a specific indicator of CAD, allows the introduction of normal ranges and is an example of quantitative evaluation of functional images.
A Visually Driven Hippocampal Place Cell Model

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

this paper we first describe an algorithm that operates on real images taken from various viewing locations and returns &quot;blob&quot; descriptions: regions of roughly uniform intensity having a rectangular or ovoid shape. We then construct simulated place cells using radial basis functions tuned to blob parameters, and train them by competitive learning to develop realistic place fields. The result is a model that takes real-world scenes as input and produces a distributed activity pattern over a set of place cells as output, from which the current viewing location can be estimated with good accuracy. The implication of this work is that the visual pathway to the rodent hippocampus could involve a relatively simple representation of the local view; rodents may not require object recognition to navigate visually.
Java Framework for Database-centric Web Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a database-centric approach to web site development in which both application and web content data are managed by a database. The development process is based on three main stages of information modelling, document content design and presentation specification. A Java framework based on the OMS object-oriented data management system has been developed to support the development life cycle from rapid prototyping through to operation. We describe how the framework supports access from heterogeneous clients and how it has been extended to include a web content manager.
Optical limiting using Laguerre-Gaussian beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate optical limiting using the self-lensing effect of a higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam in a thin dye-doped polymer sample, which we find consistent with our model using Gaussian decomposition. The peak phase shift in the sample required for limiting is smaller than that for a fundamental Gaussian beam with the added flexibility that the nonlinear medium can be placed either in front of or behind the beam focus.
A new switched polarisation antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new UWB polarization switchable antenna is presented. It is composed of a microstrip circular ring with two switches that are used to operate the antenna either as a disc monopole or as magnetic loop antenna. One of the switches is used to close the disc giving in this case a disc monopole. The other switch is used to connect the extremity of the disc to the ground plane, which gives a magnetic loop. This antenna can be a good candidate for radios operating in an environment with changing polarization; a good example of such radios is wearable antenna radios.