jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Herbicide Efficacy in Peanuts Grown Under Reduced Tillage Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of reduced tillage systems in peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) from 1987 to 1989 resulted in weed problems, which in many instances required the use of a postemergence herbicide. When herbicides were applied prior to tillage, Pursuit (imazethapyr) tank-mixed with Roundup (glyphosate) or Gramoxone (paraquat) provided excellent control of southern crabgrass ( Digitaria ciliaris Koel.) and Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), while Texas panicum ( Panicum texanum Buckl.) control was erratic. Under irrigated and rainfed conditions, a postemergence treatment of Poast, (sethoxydim) and Blazer (acifluorfen) provided the most consistent control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds at six locations in South Texas. Prowl (pendimthalin) + Dual (metolachlor) provided the most consistent control (>85%) of annual grasses and yellow nutsedge ( Cyperus esculents L.) when applied immediately before irrigation. When Prowl + Dual was applied 7 days prior to irrigation, annual grass control was reduced by 14 to 16%.
Parameter estimation of the fractional‐order Hammerstein–Wiener model using simplified refined instrumental variable fractional‐order continuous time

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a direct parameter estimation approach from observed input–output data of a stochastic single‐input–single‐output fractional‐order continuous‐time Hammerstein–Wiener model by extending a well known iterative simplified refined instrumental variable method. The method is an extension of the simplified refined instrumental variable method developed for the linear fractional‐order continuous‐time system, denoted. The advantage of this novel extension, compared with published methods, is that the static output non‐linearity of the Wiener model part does not need to be invertible. The input and output static non‐linear functions are represented by a sum of the known basis functions. The proposed approach estimates the parameters of the linear fractional‐order continuous‐time subsystem and the input and output static non‐linear functions from the sampled input–output data by considering the system to be a multi‐input–single‐output linear fractional‐order continuous‐time model. These extra inputs represent the basis functions of the static input and output non‐linearity, where the output basis functions are simulated according to the previous estimates of the fractional‐order linear subsystem and the static input non‐linear function at every iteration. It is also possible to estimate the classical integer‐order model counterparts as a special case. Subsequently, the proposed extension to the simplified refined instrumental variable method is considered in the classical integer‐order continuous‐time Hammerstein–Wiener case. In this paper, a Monte Carlo simulation analysis is applied for demonstrating the performance of the proposed approach to estimate the parameters of a fractional‐order Hammerstein–Wiener output model.
Green synthesis of bovine serum albumin–tailored silver nanoparticles from Aspergillus fumigatus: Statistical optimization, characterization, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity evaluation on colon cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nanobiotechnology has evolved as a promising technology in developing therapeutically active materials. This study involved the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from extracellular filtrate from the fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus to assess their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity under in‐vitro conditions. This method has become more reliable than physical and chemical approaches, attributed to its use of ecologically clean and non‐toxic methods. These synthesized nanoparticles are then characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Design optimization was done to optimize the selected variables to choose the best‐fit ratios for the experiment. UV spectroscopy showed the absorption peaks for AgNPs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) AgNPs at 300 and 315 nm. FTIR spectroscopy showed amide, carboxyl, and ester groups in BSA AgNPs, indicating their role in stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle size and zeta potential for AgNPs and BSA AgNPs were found to be 124.81 and 152.92 nm; zeta potentials for AgNPS and BSA AgNPs were found to be −13.3 and −15.6 mV. Various antioxidant studies like 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) (ABTS), ion chelating assay, lipid peroxide assay, and malondialdehyde were carried out, indicating good antioxidant activity for synthesized nanoparticles. SEM images advocated good spherical images and are well dispersed. The cytotoxic assay performed on HT‐29 colon cancer cells exhibited good inhibition activity for AgNPs and BSA AgNPs, with an IC 50 value of 120 and 100 μg/ml. These study results revealed that the synthesized AgNPs, on optimization through Box‐Behnken design, exhibited good antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.
Generation of intangible assets in the Federal Institute of Piauí: analysis of the production potential of human capital

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), typical knowledge institutions, are strategic in the generation of intangible assets (Intellectual Capital). These institutions have mechanisms to encourage research and scientific production and have Human Capital with high levels of academic qualifications. Therefore, knowing the potential of human capital in the process of generating intellectual capital is also important to guide the institution's actions in developing strategies to stimulate scientific production. The objective of this research is to identify the influence of academic qualification of human capital in the generation of intangible assets (Intellectual Capital). To this end, a search was carried out in the Lattes Platform of the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) to identify the intellectual production, specifically full articles published in journals, of the permanent teachers of the IFPI Campus São Joãodo Piauí, in the period 2016-2020. It was found that Teachers form the teaching staff of the institution with doctors, masters and specialists. In addition, it was noticed that 41.2% of the Teachers are responsible for the identified production, and that 58.8% of the Teachers did not publish complete articles in journals, considering the period of the research. The results suggest that academic qualifications can influence the production of intellectual capital by teachers. This framework requires from the institution the capacity to implement institutional policies and elaborate strategies to enable the insertion of Teachers in strict sensu postgraduate courses and to stimulate scientific production.
A Flexible Chain Proposal for Winch Based Point Absorbers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ocean wave power is a promising renewable energy source for future energy production. It has however been difficult to find a cost-effective solution to convert the wave energy into electricity. The harsh marine environment and the fact that wave power is delivered with high forces at low speeds makes design of durable mechanical structures and efficient energy conversion challenging. The dimensioning forces strongly depend on the wave power concept, the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) implementation and the actual Power Take-Off (PTO) system. A WEC using a winch as a Power Take-Off system, i.e. a Winch Based Point Absorber (WBPA), could potentially accomplish a low Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE) if a key component — a low-cost, durable and efficient winch that can deal with high loads — can be developed. A key problem for achieving a durable winch is to find a force transmitting solution that can deal with these high loads and handle up to 80 million cycles. In this article we propose a design solution for a force transmitting chain in a WBPA system where elastomeric bearings are used as a means to achieve the relative motion between the links in the chain. With this solution no sliding is present and the angular motion is achieved as a deformation in the elastomeric bearing when the chain is winded on a drum. The link was designed primarily to minimize the number of joints in the chain: Thereby the maximum allowed relative angle between the links when rolled up over the drum should be as large as possible within practical limits. The angle is to be handled by the elastomeric bearing. A detailed strength analysis of the link has been performed as well as topology optimization to increase the strength to weight ratio. A test rig for a first proof of concept testing has been developed and the first preliminary test results indicate that this concept with using elastomeric bearings can be a potential solution for a durable chain and should be analyzed further for fatigue conditions and under water operations.
Spectral Entropy, Empirical Entropy and Empirical Exergy for Deterministic Boundary-Layer Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A modified form of the Townsend equations for the fluctuating velocity wave vectors is applied to a laminar three-dimensional boundary-layer flow in a methane fired combustion channel flow environment. The objective of this study is to explore the applicability of a set of low dimensional, coupled, nonlinear differential equations for the prediction of possible deterministic ordered structures within a specific boundary-layer environment. Four increasing channel pressures are considered. The equations are cast into a Lorenz-type system of equations, which yields the low-dimensional set of equations. The solutions indicate the presence of several organized flow structures. Singular value decomposition of the nonlinear time series solutions indicate that nearly ninety-eight percent of the fluctuating directed kinetic energy is contained within the first four empirical modes of the decomposition. The empirical entropy computed from these results indicates that these four lowest modes are largely coherent structures with lower entropy rates. Four regions are observed: low-entropy structures over the first four modes; steep increase in entropy over three modes; steady, high entropy over seven modes; and an increase to maximum entropy over the last two modes. A measure, called the empirical exergy, characterizes the extent of directed kinetic energy produced in the nonlinear solution of the deterministic equations used to model the flow environment. The effect of increasing pressure is to produce more distinct ordered structures within the nonlinear time series solutions.
Electrodiagnostic Studies for Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Managing care for patients with pain requires an accurate diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic studies provide important data that helps guide care and prognostic information that enables the clinician and patient to make good therapeutic choices. This chapter reviews the use of nerve conduction studies and electromyography in this patient population. The prognostic value of electrodiagnostic testing is discussed using examples of commonly encountered clinical conditions, citing relevant and recent medical literature.
Knowing and guessing: How do 9 year olds approach the meaning of visual signs in weather charts?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Weather charts in the popular media constitute a specific field of semiosis, meaning that they allow procedures of production and transfer of information by means of visual signs which, unlike other semiotic systems, are not firm and standard. The article deals with the ways 9 year old children interpret visual signs appearing on a website for weather predictions. The hypothesis of the research was that in order to interpret these visual signs correctly, the children have to reveal the semiotic system they are part of and then, discover the semiotic principles behind the formation of every sign or group of signs. As visual signs appearing at weather charts may be hypo-icons, indexes or symbols – regarding the relation they have to their dynamic objects – , the children's correct sign interpreation has to be based on the resemblance, the causality or contiguity and the symbolic value of the signs, correspondingly. Visual language is not always transparent and universally understood; therefore, children should be trained into it at school as part of the development of their general visual literacy.
Diffusion thermopower in graphene nanoribbons: effect of subbands

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The diffusion contribution to thermopower, Sd, is studied for pure semiconducting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The electrons are assumed to be scattered by acoustic phonons and optical phonons via deformation potential couplings and edge roughness. Numerical calculations of Sd, as a function of linear carrier density are presented. The relative importance of the carrier scattering mechanisms operative and the effect of subbands on the behaviour of Sd in GNRs are studied.
Analysis of torsional properties of a rubber rope as a composite material in multilayer winding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the results of a theoretical study on the effect of the longitudinal stiffness of the rope on the mechanism of deformation of the winding body as a composite material on the basis of experimental data. The methods. The methodology is based on the analysis of scientific papers by leading experts in the field of mechanical engineering specialising in the development of hoisting machines with rubber-rope cables. The development of the model of torsional stiffness of the winding body of reel hoists was based on mathematical and physical modelling methods, including methods of planning a multifactorial experiment and statistical processing of experimental data. Findings. When solving the problem of determining the stiffness of the body of a rubber-rope winding, the physical model of its spool body was presented in the form of a rubber-metal hinge. After processing the results of the experiment to determine the parameters of the winding body, an analytical expression was obtained to calculate the torsional stiffness of the winding body of a rubber-rope cable. The originality. The regularities of the influence of the parameters of a rubber rope on the torsional stiffness of its winding body have been established. The stiffness of the winding body depends on its outer diameter quadratically, while the local stiffness is weak. With a small number of turns, the stiffness of the homogeneous body exceeds the local stiffness, but the total pliability is low. The risk of dynamic effects in a spool hoist during braking increases with a large number of turns, when the homogeneous body stiffness is much lower than the local stiffness. The total torsional stiffness of the winding body can be determined by the proposed formula with sufficient accuracy for dynamic analysis. Practical implementation. The developed mathematical model for determining the torsional stiffness of a rubber rope winding makes it possible to find such values of the parameters of a spool hoist that will avoid the danger of dynamic effects during emergency and operational braking of the device caused by the torsional stiffness of the winding body.
Positioning Physician Practices to Deliver High-Value Care: The Interface of Primary Care and Specialty Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Scott Shipman, MD, MPH, serves as the director of primary care initiatives and workforce analysis at the AAMC. Dr. Shipman coordinates primary care oriented activities taking place across the AAMC, and works with a wide range of primary care leaders to enhance promote dissemination of effective innovations in teaching and delivery of primary care. A general pediatrician and health services researcher by training, Dr. Shipman has studied the health care workforce extensively. He guides AAMC activities promoting the role of primary care in emerging high-value ambulatory care models, with a focus on improving care at the interface of primary care and specialty care.\nDr. Shipman graduated from the University of Nebraska College of Medicine, completed his residency and chief residency at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, and subsequently completed a Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars fellowship at Johns Hopkins. He received his MPH from Johns Hopkins. Dr. Shipman has served a number of statewide and national committees focused on health care workforce policy. He co-founded a Physician Assistant training program in New Hampshire, and was a Commissioner for the Accreditation Review Commission for Physician Assistants. Dr. Shipman maintains a faculty position at Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, where he serves on the primary care leadership team and consults on new delivery models in support of high value care.\nPresentation: 54:35\nPowerPoint slides at bottom of page
Ecology of collembola in a deciduous forest floor of Birbiium District, West Bengal in relation to soil moisture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Numerous workers like Bellinger (1954), Sheals (1957), Christiansen (1964). Rapoport and Najt (1965), Choudhuri and Roy (1966, '67 and '72), Choudhuri and Bhattacharyay (1975), and Mitra et 01 (1977), have studied the qualitative and quantitative ecology of Coliembolan population in different parts of India and abroad. But the Collembolan population of a deciduous forest of Dirbhum district has not been attempted so far. In view of this, the present communication deating with the effect of soil moisture on the Collembolan population and their distribution in red laterite soil of Dirbhum district, West Bengal has been discussed.
Electrophysiology of Supramedullary Neurons in Spheroides maculatus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Intimate study of the electrical activity of various types of excitable cells, which has become possible with the use of intracellular recording, has disclosed numerous degrees of complexity in the phenomena by which bioelectric activity is produced.Excluding the different varieties of electrically inexcitable electrogenesis (28), and limiting consideration only to the electrically excitable form, several previously unsuspected phenomena have been observed.Different portions of the cell membrane have different excitabilities (3,6, 7,13,17,20,24).Indeed, some parts of the cell may not respond to stimuli with spikes (2,9,22,23,40,54).In the giant neurons of Aplysia or Helix small responses, "pseudo pointes" (53), may be recorded.In some varieties of cells, graded responses are produced either in the normal activity (11,12,30) or as a result of experimental conditions (1,26,27).As is shown in the present series of papers (4, 5), the large supramedullary neurons (SMC) of an Atlantic puffer, Spheroides maculatus, exhibit some of these complexities.The SMC offer a number of advantages for an attack upon several of these matters not only because of their size and superficial location.The cell body has only one large extension, a neurite which branches to form a number of unmyelinated axons (4).Thus, complications in the electrical circuit properties introduced by a myelinated segment, or by numerous dendritic arborizations (cf.references 16, 19, 22, 46) should be absent.These properties, both the active as well as the passive, form the subject of this paper, Part II of the present series.
A Teleconference With Related Donors Years After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is important to raise awareness in society about stem cell donation and to reduce the concerns among donor candidates. Although most of the adverse events after donation are temporary and mild, a few serious adverse events in donors have been observed. Stem cell donation does not cause loss of daily activity or inability to return to the work force.
Experimental infection of turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk sac larvae with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The susceptibility of early life stages of turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus to Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was studied in challenge experiments. Eggs of both fish species (and the larvae hatching from the eggs) were exposed to the bacterium. Larvae of both species experienced mortality during the yolk sac stage, apparently as a result of the challenge. Examination of histological sections revealed degenerative changes in the skeletal muscle of both species of larvae. The bacterium could not be recovered from the larvae by culture, but it was shown to be present in the intestinal lumen of some of the turbot larvae examined using an immunohistochemical technique known to be specific for the bacterium. The results indicate that marine fish larvae exposed to A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida may become infected and that the bacterium may persist in the larvae. Turbot larvae seemed to be more susceptible than halibut larvae.
Combining DEA and ARIMA Models for Partner Selection in the Supply Chain of Vietnam’s Construction Industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The competition between enterprises in the construction market is fierce. If enterprises are unable to afford financial and technological capabilities, they could go bankrupt. Therefore, the implementation of alliances between businesses can help increase their competitiveness. In this study, the authors simultaneously used data envelopment analysis (DEA), the Grey model (GM (1,1)), and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) to choose a suitable strategic partner to boost the strength of each business and cut the cost of transportation and personnel in an attempt to help managers come up with suitable solutions, offer sustainability, and develop creative management. The results show that the chosen solution improves the business efficiency of construction businesses and offers cost savings on materials, production, and transportation. Management agencies can use the results of this study to propose suitable orientations, strengthen decision-making, and ensure strategic planning to develop the construction sector in Vietnam.
Teachers' Perceptions of the Relevance of Islamic Studies Curriculum Content to Values and Moral Development in Nigeria Secondary Schools

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze teachers' perceptions of the relevance of Islamic studies curriculum content to values and moral development. The study participants were 65 Islamic religious study teachers from public and private schools in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria, who were selected by simple random selection. The data were collected using a five-point Likert scale. The teacher's perception of Islamic studies for moral development was analyzed using SPSS. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as Percentages, Mean scores, and Standard Deviation. The significant outcome indicates that the current Islamic studies curriculum contents, textbooks, and syllabus are inadequate for teaching Islamic values and developing moral and ethical character among the learners. The study, therefore, recommended, among others, improving the Islamic education curriculum content, syllabus, and textbooks to educate learners, inculcate Islamic religious values and moral and ethical character, and present Allah SWT as the most merciful as the only one worthy of worship.