jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predicting Milling Yields of Long-Grain Rice Using Select Physical Parameters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Milling yields of long-grain rice were successfully predicted using multi-parameter linear modeling, although the data was limited to lots of only two cultivars (Grigg and Siebenmorgen, 2015). Thus, modeling was expanded to include six currently-produced long-grain cultivars. For unfractioned rice, milling yields [milled rice yield (MRY) and head rice yield (HRY, adjusted to account for degree of milling variations)] were regressed to combinations of physical parameters comprising bulk density (Ïb) of rough rice, and fissured-kernel percentage (FKP), chalkiness, and average kernel thickness of brown rice. The resulting models for prediction of milling yields were cross-validated with equivalent data of thickness-fractioned rough rice of the same cultivar lots. Thickness fractions comprised (< 1.7 mm), (1.7 << 1.9 mm), (< 1.9 << 2.0 mm), (2.0 << 2.05 mm), and (> 2.05 mm). Milling yields were first predicted using Ïb, FKP, and chalkiness parameters (Model I). The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) value indicates that Model I effectively predicted HRY (R2 = 0.90); however prediction of MRY was poor (R2 = 0.22), and related model cross-validations (Valid. R2 = 0.67 and 0.59, MRY and HRY, respectively) were marginal. Adding the kernel thickness parameter in Model II improved milling yield predictions and cross-validations (R2 = 0.72 and 0.94, and Valid. R2 = 0.82 and 0.74, for MRY and HRY, respectively). As the chalkiness parameter estimates in Models I and II were statistically insignificant, Model III considered only the Ïb, FKP, and thickness parameters. Model III maintained effectiveness in predictions and cross-validations of milling yields (R2 = 0.71 and 0.95, and Valid. R2 = 0.83 and 0.72, for MRY and HRY respectively). The Ïb, FKP, and thickness parameters of Model III effectively predicted MRYs and HRYs of both unfractioned and thickness-fractioned long-grain rice of this set of cultivar lots.
Rural retention of doctors graduating from the rural medical education project to increase rural doctors in Thailand: a cohort study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Thailand, the inequitable distribution of doctors between rural and urban areas has a major impact on access to care for those living in rural communities. The rural medical education programme 'Collaborative Project to Increase Rural Doctors (CPIRD)' was implemented in 1994 with the aim of attracting and retaining rural doctors. This study examined the impact of CPIRD in relation to doctor retention in rural areas and public health service. Baseline data consisting of age, sex and date of entry to the Ministry of Health (MoH) service was collected from 7,157 doctors graduating between 2000 and 2007. There were 1,093 graduates from the CPIRD track and 6,064 that graduated through normal channels. Follow-up data, consisting of workplace, number of years spent in rural districts and years within the MoH service, were retrieved from June 2000 to July 2011. The Kaplan-Meier method of survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards ratios were used to interpret the data. Female subjects slightly outnumbered their male counterparts. Almost half of the normal track (48%) and 33% of the CPIRD doctors eventually left the MoH. The retention rate at rural hospitals was 29% for the CPIRD doctors compared to 18% for those from the normal track. Survival curves indicated a dramatic drop rate after 3 years in service for both groups, but normal track individuals decreased at a faster rate. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling revealed that the normal track doctors had a significantly higher risk of leaving rural areas at about 1.3 times the CPIRD doctors. The predicted median survival time in rural hospitals was 4.2 years for the CPIRD group and 3.4 years for the normal track. The normal track doctors had a significantly higher risk of leaving public service at about 1.5 times the CPIRD doctors. The project evaluation results showed a positive impact in that CPIRD doctors were more likely to stay longer in rural areas and in public service than their counterparts. However, turnover has been increasing in recent years for both groups. There is a need for the MoH to review and improve upon the project implementation.
Ruber function based reconstruction in accelerated phase-cycled bSSFP acquisitions for increased detection performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Balanced steady-state free precession imaging suffers from irrecoverable signal losses, called banding artifacts. A common way to alleviate banding artifacts without sacrificing scan-efficiency is to use multiple-acquisition methods that combine phase-cycled images. However, soft thresholding applications used during the recovery can reduce the detection performance and image quality. In this study, a reconstruction strategy that applies Huber function to increase detection sensitivity on small coefficients is evaluated. This strategy is compared with conventional methods in terms of peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index.
Interim results: influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccination coverage --- United States, October-December 2009.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In July 2009, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued recommendations for use of the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine. Recognizing that the vaccine supply would not be ample immediately but would grow over time, ACIP identified 1) initial target groups, consisting of approximately 160 million persons, and 2) a limited vaccine subset of the target groups, initially estimated at 42 million persons (and more recently estimated at 62 million persons), to receive first priority while the 2009 H1N1 vaccine supply was limited. ACIP recommended expanding vaccination to the rest of the population as vaccine supplies increased. To estimate 2009 H1N1 vaccination coverage to date for the 2009--10 influenza season, CDC analyzed results from the National 2009 H1N1 Flu Survey (NHFS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, conducted during December 27, 2009-January 2, 2010, and December 1-27, 2009, respectively. The results indicated that, as of January 2, an estimated 20.3% of the U.S. population (61 million persons) had been vaccinated, including 27.9% of persons in the initial target groups and 37.5% of those in the limited vaccine subset. An estimated 29.4% of U.S. children aged 6 months--18 years had been vaccinated. Now that an ample supply of 2009 H1N1 vaccine is available, efforts should continue to increase vaccination coverage among persons in the initial target groups and to offer vaccination to the rest of the U.S. population, including those aged >or=65 years.
[Methods for assessment of pain in children].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In children, assessment and measurement of pain is challenging. The difficulties of pain assessment in children can be explained by their constantly changing state of perception, interpretation and expression of pain related to age, developmental stage, previous pain experiences, and other modifying environmental factors. Unlike most adults, children (especially younger ones) lack the cognitive and behavioral competency both to understand questions concerning their pain and to describe their pain. Especially very young children don't have pain experience and cooperation with adults is limited. Age, general health status and ability of self report are the factors that must be considered when selecting appropriate method of pain measurement and pain assessment must be repeated regularly. Although many different tools are used to measure and assess pain, no single one supplies enough information about pain and its different components to be used as the standard measure of pain in children.
Histological classification of the lateral patellofemoral ligament

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The knee joint capsule is a complex structure comprised of connective tissue, ligaments, vasculature, and nerves. The histological structure of the knee joint capsule has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to classify the histological structure of the lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL), which is the thickest portion of the lateral patellofemoral retinaculum. We then compared the LPFL to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and the quadriceps tendons (QT). The ACL served as an example of a “true” ligament. The LPFL was compared to the QT to determine its validity as an autograft in LPFL reconstruction. Samples of the LPFL, ACL, and QT were harvested from six cadaveric knees, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with H&E, Masson's trichrome, or orcein. Representative samples were obtained throughout the entire LPFL and analyzed using light microscopy. Our data shows that the LPFL is composed of multiple elements including dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, vasculature, elastin, and nerve fibers. Presence of these elements differentiates LPFL from the ACL and QT. Unlike the ACL and QT, the LPFL is not uniformly composed of dense regular connective tissue. Documenting the histological structure of the LPFL may contribute to the understanding of the pathoetiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Grant Funding Source : N/A
Визначення розмірних характеристик частинок глинопорошків як нанонаповнювачів полімерних композицій

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Comparative morphometric analysis of different types and brands of clay powders of domestic origin for the reasonable choice of filler of polymer nanocomposite materials with improved properties. Morphometric analysis of alumina particles was performed by optical polarization microscopy. Micrographs were obtained using a digital camera with an adapter. To quantify the size of clay particles, we used the image analysis method in ImageJ program. The area, perimeter were determined, and the equivalent diameter and particle shape index were calculated. Statistical processing of the experimental data was performed using the software packages "Statistica" and "Excel". A comparative morphometric analysis of various types and grades of clay powders of domestic origin, intended for use as nanofillers in the production of polymeric composite materials with improved properties, was performed. It was found that the nature of the distribution of particles of equivalent diameter in all the studied samples is qualitatively similar, but has certain differences in quantitative indicators. The distribution of particles of the studied brands of clay powders according to the shape indicator showed a pronounced asymmetry towards its maximum values. On the basis of a detailed morphometric analysis of particles of different types of clay powders, differences in the quantitative characteristics of the particle distribution by the equivalent diameter and shape index were established. The results obtained will allow a reasonable approach to the selection of the brand of clay, which will be used as filler in the production of polymeric nanocomposite materials.
A continuous-review inventory system with lost sales and variable lead time

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a system-point (SP) method of level crossings, we derive the stationary distribution of the inventory level (stock on hand) in a continuous-review inventory system with compound Poisson demand, Erlang as well as hyperexponentially distributed lead times, and lost sales. This distribution is then used to formulate long-run average cost functions with/without a service level constraint. Some numerical results are also presented, and compared with the Hadley and Whitin heuristic. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 259–278, 1998
A further note on contrastive rhetoric

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of Contrastive Rhetoric was first articulated in 1966. In the intervening decade, a number of studies have been undertaken to test the basic assumption that the organization of paragraphs written in any language by individuals who are not native speakers of that language will be influenced by the rhetorical preferences of the native language. In retrospect, some dozen studies by a variety of scholars are reviewed. Since the primary assumption appears to have survived analysis, a preliminary taxonomy of syntactic devices operating on inter‐sentence transitions and a framework for the analysis of discourse blocs are developed.
Visibilidad autorial y competencia de las escritoras en justas poéticas de la primera Edad Moderna españolaFemale Writers's Authorial Visibility and Competence in thejustas poéticasof Early Modern Spain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper studies women's participation in poetry contests during the seventeenth century, based on the information provided by printed chronicles and the information that these chronicles include about the way in which women intervened in these cultural events. We analyze the conditions in which this participation took place, the opinion of contemporaries about the poems, and how the context of competitiveness redefined some concepts in the relationship between genders. The final objective is to reach conclusions about the impact that this socio-literary phenomenon had on the authorial visibility of women writers in the Early Modern Age.
Jakobson: Translation as imputed similarity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jakobson, in his essays, has tried to insert Peirce’s typology of signs (icon, index, symbol) in his own binary logic, in which every feature of a text may be considered or dismissed either with a 0 or with a 1 (absent, present). In so doing, he used the features “similarity versus contiguity” and “imputed versus factual”, and discovered that the notion of “imputed similarity” was not covered by Peirce’s triad. Hence the search for it. In this article, whose ideological basis and quotations are mostly from Jakobson’s essays, the author tries to show that the notion of “translation” may be the missing link. Starting from Peirce’s main triad, and its initial incomprehension among Western scholars influenced by Saussure, the interpretant is then viewed as the subjective, affective component of sign and its interpretation. Syntax, considered in Peircean and Jakobsonian terms, is iconic. The evolution of meaning, characterizing all communication, is possible thanks to construction and thanks to metaphoric and metonymic connections. In the last part of the article, cultural implications of communication — and translation — are considered.
Angular-radial coupling in the tunneling motion of (HCCH)2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The torsion–rotation Hamiltonian is developed for the problem of two rods with a C2v equilibrium structure tunneling through a C2h saddle point, one rod rotating clockwise and the other counterclockwise with the two rods constrained to lie in a plane. The Hamiltonian is developed both for the case where the rod center-of-mass spacing is constant and the case where this spacing is an elliptical function of the torsional angle. The latter case is formally similar to Bunker’s semirigid bender. Both forms of the torsion–rotation Hamiltonian are then solved for (HCCH)2 and (DCCD)2 and spectral fits obtained. The results show that perturbation by an excited torsional state explains some spectral anomalies observed previously. The only spectral fit that includes all observed microwave and radiofrequency transitions and gives physically reasonable results is the model that allows for dependence of the intermolecular spacing on torsional angle. The best fit for (HCCH)2 yields an equilibrium C2v intermolecular distance of 4.465(2) Å and an intermolecular distance of 4.014(10) Å at the C2h saddle point. For (DCCD)2 intermolecular spacings of 4.450(2) and 3.991(15) Å are obtained. The radial shrinkage between the two configurations agree quite well for (HCCH)2 and (DCCD)2, 0.45(1) and 0.46(1) Å, respectively.
A syntactic approach to scale-space-based corner description

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract-Planar curves are described by information about corners integrated over various levels of resolution. The detection of corners takes place on a digital representation. To compensate for ambiguities arising from sampling problems due to the discreteness, results about the local behavior of curvature extrema in continuous scale-space are employed. Index Terms-2-D-shape description, scale-space reduction of curvature extrema, corner detection, multiresolution representation. I. MOTIVATION AND PREVIOUS RESEARCH The problem of finding a shape description of planar curves through a representation of points of interest along the curve [6], [13] has received a lot of attention in the past. Previously published methods can be broadly classified into those performing comer detection at one scale (usually through polygonal approximation of the curve [ZO]) and those dealing with descriptions at different scales [7], [ 171. The latter are further classifiable into methods that deal with the problem
Modeling of toughening effect in rigid particulate-filled polymer composites by artificial intelligence: a review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low fracture toughness is the Achilles heel of many polymers for practical application, particularly for long-term and special applications such as medical implants and critical part design. The toughening of polymers is a complicated process, and the toughening mechanisms in many composite systems have not yet been fully understood. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for modeling various complex systems in the field of materials science. In this respect, ML appears to be an effective, affordable, and accurate technique in the modeling of the toughening process. This review article provides an overview of the recent ML-based approach for analyzing toughening effects in rigid particulate-filled polymer composites. The results summarized here would contribute to further possibilities for researchers to explore emerging trends for designing toughing and high-performance polymers.
Influence of dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat on pyruvate kinase activity in rat liver and kidney.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of individual nutrients on pyruvate kinase activity was studied in the rat liver and kidney, and experimental results are summarized as follows: The level of the enzyme in the liver increased with the feeding of carbohydrate, and unaffected by the feeding of protein or fat. On the other hand, the level of renal enzyme was influenced by the amount of protein ingested. The feeding of protein led to increased enzyme activity in this organ. The results presented show that there is a clear difference in the response of pyruvate kinase level in the liver and kidneys to changes in the diet.
Solution thinning of the M bed host rock limestone in the Tri-State District, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Regional thickness variations of the M bed limestone in the Tri-State zinc-lead district were investigated by determining the elevations of the top and bottom of that important ore-bearing horizon in 447 selected churn drill hole logs. This bed is the principal host rock for the ore deposits in the Picher field, and it is an important ore-producing horizon in many of the other mining fields of the Tri-State district of southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma.The M bed was deposited with a greater original thickness, about 100 to 110 feet, in the vicinity of the Oronogo-Webb City-Duenweg field, than it was to the west near the Picher field where it was deposited in thicknesses of 70 to 80 feet. Post-Keokuk erosion has caused local removal of the top of the M bed in the western portion of the Picher field, and westward from that field the bed is progressively thinned by post-Keokuk erosion.In the Picher field, the principal ore-producing field of the Tri-State district, the M bed is markedly thinned and the isopachous bands exhibit a zonal pattern centered upon the ore deposits. On the scale of this regional study, more than one-half of the principal mined area in the Picher field exhibits M bed thicknesses of less than 20 feet; nearly all of the mined area occurs where M bed thicknesses are less than 30 feet. Outside the mining field there are progressively thicker M bed zones up to a maximum of 70 to 80 feet. The Galena and Melrose mining fields exhibit similar, but less well-defined, zonal patterns of M bed thickness.The thinning of the M bed associated with the ore-producing fields has originated principally by solution of the host rock limestone. The writers believe that the solution of the limestone was associated with the post-Keokuk erosion surface, and that solution of the M bed continued during some of the subsequent periods of erosion, but that some solution of the M bed host rock limestone was accomplished by the ore fluids themselves.
The influence of biomechanics on bruise formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contusions, or bruises, are injuries commonly observed within cases of assault. However, their interpretation is currently subjective, with the mechanics of their formation and how this affects their appearance over time, not completely understood. Research in this area is limited, with the primary aim being to reduce the subjectivity of visual interpretation. It is primarily focussed on colour pattern identification, with the most success being found using the L*a*b* system, where similar patterns were identified between individuals. However, with tools such as spectrophotometry being used for measurement (Mimasaka et al. 2010), a more simplistic approach of digital photography would be more appropriate. Visible light photography is the current method used for documenting contusions, however skin reflectance can cause inaccurate colour observation and reduce bruise visibility within images. The use of cross-polarisation and IR photography, could reduce this problem and even identify bruising not visible to the naked eye (Baker et al. 2013). Studies investigating the mechanics of bruise formation are limited. Pilot work has shown that tissue response varies significantly between two individuals, whilst also influencing the severity of bruising observed. A more extensive study is required to determine which factors, including age and BMI, influence both the tissue response (e.g. impacting force), and resultant bruising. Following ethical approval, blunt impacts are delivered to the thigh of volunteers under controlled conditions. High speed video recordings will allow for impact force estimation, while colour, cross-polarised and IR photography will be used to document and identify contusions. References Baker, H.C., Marsh, N. & Quinones, I., 2013. Photography of faded or concealed bruises on human skin. Journal of Forensic Identification, 63(1), pp.103–125. Mimasaka, S. et al., 2010. Spectrophotometric evaluation of the age of bruises in children: measuring changes in bruise color as an indicator of child physical abuse. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 220(2), pp.171–175.