jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of subcutaneous vs intravenous infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized phase III trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The primary endpoint of the pivotal phase III study of infliximab (IFX) s.c. demonstrated non-inferiority of s.c. to i.v. IFX, based on 28-joint DAS-CRP (DAS28-CRP) improvement at week (W) 22 (NCT03147248). This post-hoc analysis investigated whether numerical differences in efficacy outcomes at W30/54 were statistically significant, using conservative imputation methods. Methods Patients with active RA and inadequate response to MTX received IFX i.v. 3 mg/kg at W0 and W2 (induction) and were randomized (1:1) to IFX s.c. 120 mg every 2 weeks or i.v. 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks thereafter (maintenance). Patients randomized to IFX i.v. switched to IFX s.c. from W30–54. This post-hoc analysis compared efficacy outcomes for s.c. and i.v. groups pre-switch (W30) and post-switch (W54) using last observation carried forward (LOCF) and non-responder imputation (NRI) methods. Results Of 343 randomized patients, 165 (IFX s.c.) and 174 (IFX i.v.) were analysed. At W30, significantly improved outcomes were identified with s.c. vs i.v. IFX for DAS28-CRP/DAS28-ESR/Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)/Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) scores (LOCF); ACR/good EULAR responses, DAS28-CRP/Boolean remission, and DAS28-CRP/DAS28-ESR/CDAI/SDAI low disease activity and remission (LOCF and/or NRI); and minimal clinically important difference in HAQ score (LOCF and NRI). After switching to IFX s.c. from IFX i.v., fewer significant between-group differences were identified at W54. Conclusion IFX s.c. showed improved efficacy at W30 compared with IFX i.v., and the reduced between-group difference in efficacy outcomes at W54 after switching supports the results suggesting benefits of IFX s.c. compared with IFX i.v. at W30. Trial registration ClincialTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03147248, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03147248.
Fast Polar Decoding With Successive Cancellation List Creeper Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Polar codes have emerged as a focal point in the field of error-correcting codes, owing to their remarkable capacity-achieving characteristics and their relevance in various modern communication systems. The basic successive cancellation (SC) approach is not optimal to use in terms of the trade-off between performance and decoding complexity. SC-Creeper algorithm performs better with about the same low complexity as the SC version of the algorithm. However, the SC-Creeper algorithm did not have the ability to use the candidate list as a measure to improve performance and refine the search for the true codeword. To compare with successive cancellation list (SCL) approach and the ability to use more computing memory, the SCL-Creeper method was developed, using two additional lists. This method can also be used as a development of Fano algorithms for polar codes (mainly, Fano decoding in polar decoding does not use lists). This paper addresses the challenge of computational complexity in polar code decoding by integrating a list structure with the SC-Creeper algorithm. Building on prior research that introduced the concept of SC-Creeper, the study focuses on enhancing error correction performance while mitigating computational burden. The first chapters describe the polar encoding process and basic decoding technologies, then discuss the basic Creeper algorithm. In the following chapters, the authors describe a modified version of the two-list Creeper approach (that is, the SCL-Creeper version of the algorithm). Extensive simulations and numerical analysis presented in the paper underscore the tangible advantages of this novel decoding strategy. Leveraging the basic list algorithm, renowned for its superior error correction capabilities, the research explores the integration of Creeper to systematically prune unnecessary decoding paths. The resulting SCL-Creeper hybrid approach aims to strike a balance between error correction efficiency and computational complexity. Finally, the optimal selection of parameters for the SCL-Creeper approach and future directions in the research of the list version of the fast Creeper algorithm are discussed.
Enhanced Delivery of Plasmid DNA to Skeletal Muscle Cells using a DLC8-Binding Peptide and ASSLNIA-Modified PAMAM Dendrimer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Skeletal muscle is ideally suited and highly desirable as a target for therapeutic gene delivery because of its abundance, high vascularization, and high levels of protein expression. However, efficient gene delivery to skeletal muscle remains a current challenge. Besides the major obstacle of cell-specific targeting, efficient intracellular trafficking, or the cytosolic transport of DNA to the nucleus, must be demonstrated. To overcome the challenge of cell-specific targeting, herein we develop a generation 5-polyamidoamine dendrimer (G5-PAMAM) functionalized with a skeletal muscle-targeted peptide, ASSLNIA (G5-SMTP). Specifically, to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we prepared a complex of our G5-SMTP dendrimer with a plasmid encoding firefly luciferase and investigated its delivery to skeletal muscle cells. Luciferase assays indicated a threefold increase in transfection efficiency of C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells using G5-SMTP when compared with nontargeting nanocarriers using unmodified G5. To further improve the transfection yield, we employed a cationic dynein light chain 8 protein (DLC8)-binding peptide (DBP) containing an internal sequence known to bind to the DLC8 of the dynein motor protein complex. Complexation of DBP with our targeting nanocarrier, that is, G5-SMTP, and our luciferase plasmid cargo resulted in a functional nanocarrier that showed an additional sixfold increase in transfection efficiency compared with G5-SMTP transfection alone. To our knowledge, this is the first successful use of two different functional nanocarrier components that enable targeted skeletal muscle cell recognition and increased efficiency of intracellular trafficking to synergistically enhance gene delivery to skeletal muscle cells. This strategy of targeting and trafficking can also be universally applied to any cell/tissue type for which a recognition domain exists.
Pleiotropic effects of the semi-dwarfing gene uzu in barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The adoption of reduced height (<em>Rht</em>) genes has dramatically enhanced yield potential of cereal crops. The semi-dwarfing gene <em>uzu</em> in barley is widely used in East Asia. Its value as an <em>Rht</em> gene in the warm and dry environments in Australia was evaluated in this study. In addition to plant height, this gene showed significant effects on a wide range of characteristics. It reduced the overall plant height by an average of 33.7 % with the most significant reduction occurred on the internode below the peduncle. The gene reduces spike length by 31.6 % and grain weight by 18.8 %. It increases grain number per spike by 5.6 % and grain density by 51.8 %. Seedling assays suggested that the effects of this gene became more significant with increased temperature. It reduced coleoptile and seedling length by 19.4 % and 15.1 %, respectively at 7 °C. The reduction increased to 61 % and 46.7 %, respectively, at 25 °C. These results indicated that the <em>uzu</em> gene could have limited values in some high temperature and drought prone environments.
Failure analysis of a C-type bourdon tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the failure analysis of a C-type Bourdon tube made of AISI 316L stainless steel, which was part of a pressure gauge. For the study, chemical composition and microstructure of the Bourdon tube were determined. Additionally, electrochemical attack with oxalic acid was used to asses if the microstructure was suspected of sensitization in samples taken near to and away from the failure. Finally, fractographic analysis of the failed Bourdon tube was accomplished by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the failure was due to an intergranular corrosion phenomenon that embrittled the material in the area close to the welding between the Bourdon tube and the joint.
A case based analysis of various bus transit contracting regimes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Travel is an essential part of everyone’s life today. Sustainable travel options that optimize utilization of our depleting resources are a key towards sustainability of our Earth. Public transportation is one of the major thrust areas through which daily commute can be made economical, efficient and environment-friendly. Bus transit is the most popular means of public transportation today in most cities of the world. Several measures have been taken to improve the state of bus transit in the past with respect to service design, route design, affordable fare structure, improved level of service etc. such that more commuters are attracted to choose buses over the private car. However, financial unsustainability has been one of the major hurdles for a smooth bus operation in most of these cities. There is a need to understand how different transit markets are affected by their financial operating regimes and propose more sustainable measures. This study investigates the different operating regimes in bus transit viz. nationalized, privatized, contracting regime etc. that have been implemented in different cities w.r.t. different operational parameters of the operators and the regulator while taking into account the commuters’ choice behavior. An overview on the transitions in operating regimes in different transit markets using statistical and financial data with users’ experiences is provided. Case studies demonstrate the suitability of different operating regimes and derive inferences for a sustainable financial planning of bus transit.
[Expression, purification, antibody preparation and identification of tumor protein translationally-controlled 1 (TPT1)].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pRSETA(2)-TPT1 is successfully constructed and high expression of TPT1 is induced in E.coli, which may lay the basis for further study of the development and treatment of tumors and other diseases.
Plasma Lipids and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many clinical studies have shown that osteoporosis is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular death. Although both high plasma levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be risk factors for atherosclerosis, it is unclear whether such lipid derangements are also associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between plasma levels of total C, LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglyceride (TG) versus bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, radius, or total body as well as the presence of vertebral fractures in 214 Japanese postmenopausal women (age range, 47-86 years, mean 62.7). Multiple regression analysis was performed between BMD at each skeletal site versus each lipid level adjusted for age, years after menopause, body mass index (BMI), and %fat. Plasma LDL-C levels were significantly and inversely correlated with the absolute values of both one-third radial (1/3R) and distal radial (UDR) BMD (p<0.01), and tended to be inversely correlated with the absolute values of L-BMD (p=0.051). In contrast, plasma HDL-C levels were significantly and positively correlated with the absolute values of L, 1/3R and UDR BMD (p<0.05). On the other hand, plasma TG levels were significantly lower in women with vertebral fractures than in those without fractures (97.0+/-36.5 vs. 126.4+/-65.8 mg/dl, mean+/-SD, p<0.05). When multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the presence of vertebral fractures as a dependent variable and each lipid level adjusted for age, years after menopause, BMI, and %fat as independent variables, TG alone was selected as an index affecting the presence of vertebral fractures (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% confidential interval: 0.29-0.89 per SD increase, p<0.05). Our study showed that plasma LDL-C and HDL-C levels were inversely and positively correlated with both R- and L-BMD values, respectively, while low plasma TG levels were associated with the presence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. Thus, plasma lipids might be related to bone mass and bone fragility, and might be the common factor underlying both osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.
Effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue discontinuation on the prognosis of HBeAg‐negative hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A propensity score matching analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are thought to reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the effect of NA discontinuation on the prognosis of HBV‐related HCC after hepatectomy is rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the potential for hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative HBV‐related HCC patients to discontinue NAs based on preoperative hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) status. Methods This historical cohort study involved 1232 NA‐treated HBeAg‐negative patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HBV‐related HCC from 2014 to 2019. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients discontinuing NAs before surgery were compared with those continuing NAs. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Results Of all enrolled patients, 839 (68.1%) patients continued NAs, and 393 (31.9%) patients discontinued NAs. Continuation of NAs was identified as an independent risk factor for RFS (HR 2.047, 95% CI 1.348–3.109, p < 0.001 before PSM and HR 2.756, 95% CI 1.537–4.942, p < 0.001 after PSM) in HBsAg‐negative patients. Similarly, subgroup survival analyses showed that NA discontinuation was associated with better RFS ( p = 0.029 before PSM and p < 0.001 after PSM) and comparable OS ( p = 0.935 before PSM and p = 0.115 after PSM) than NA continuation in HBsAg‐negative patients. The interaction between HBsAg status and continuation or discontinuation of NAs was significant ( p for interaction <0.001). Conclusions These findings demonstrate the potential for HBeAg‐negative HBV‐related HCC patients who have achieved HBsAg seroclearance to discontinue NAs under strict monitoring.
Comparison of Natural Type Ia Diamond and CVD Diamond Films by Photoluminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal defects in diamonds are diverse. In other words, there are almost no perfect diamonds without impurities or dislocations. Most natural diamonds contain a considerable amount of nitrogen impurity in aggregated forms. CVD diamond films also included many crystal defects. We investigated the distribution of luminescence center of natural type Ia diamonds and CVD diamond films by various photoluminescence excitation source. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a useful technique to provide information on defects of diamond with high sensitivity.
An Experiment on Bankruptcy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We test the experimental properties of three well known solutions
for bankruptcy problems, that is, the constrained equal-awards, the proportional
and the constrained equal-losses rule.
To do this, we first let subjects play three games designed such that the
�obvious� way to play coincides with one of these three rules. Moreover, we also
let subjects play an additional game, that has the property that all (and only)
strategy profiles in which players unanimously agree on the same rule constitute
a strict Nash equilibrium. While in the first three games subjects� play easily
converges to the unique equilibrium rule, in the last game the proportional rule
overwhelmingly prevails as a coordination device.
[Heart rate variability analysis under lower body negative pressure].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to assess the changes of HRV in relation to hemodynamic responses to LBNP, 40 healthy male volunteers were exposed to progressively increasing LBNP. Changes of SV, CO and BP were measured and HRV was analyzed. Thirty-four subjects (Group A, with good tolerance) were able to tolerate all stages of LBNP, and other 6 subjects (Group B, with poor tolerance) showed presyncopal signs and symptoms during the last 5min of LBNP exposure. In both groups, HRV, SV, CO decreased significantly during LBNP. Group B had lower HRV, SV, CO than group A pre-LBNP, during-LBNP and post-LBNP. The LF/HF ratio increased during LBNP in both groups, but increased more apparently in group B than group A at -6.7 kPa LBNP. The results showed that, when SV decreased to a certain degree, the sympathetic activity increased to the utmost. The onset of presyncopal signs could be attributed to the rapid withdrawal of sympathetic tone, and LBNP tolerance of a subject is closely related to both ejecting capability of the heart and the function of autonomic nervous system.
Pulmonary embolism following pneumonectomy in blunt thoracic trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Case reportA 31-year-old male sustained a severe crush injury to his chestafter being caught between a truck and loader. His admissioninjuries included: multiple left sided rib fractures with a left ﬂailchest, pulmonary contusions, left main stem bronchus injury, leftpulmonary artery dissection, traumatic aortic disruption, lefthumerus and radius fractures and thoracic vertebral spinousprocess fractures (Fig. 1). After stabilisation and insertion of a leftthoracostomy tube, he underwent successful placement of anaortic endovascular stent graft. On admission bronchoscopy hewas found to have a laceration to the membranous portion of hisleft main stem bronchus without an obvious air leak. This wasinitially managed non-operatively. On post-admission day 2 hedeveloped progressive hypoxaemia, and bronchoscopy conﬁrmedcomplete occlusion of his left main stem bronchus. The bronchialinjury and resultant obstruction was not amenable to endobron-chial stenting. Chest radiograph showed opaciﬁcation of his leftlung(Fig.2).Atthoracotomyextensivetissuedestructioninvolvinggreater than 90% of his left main stem bronchus was found, andwas not repairable. A left pneumonectomy was performed.Ten days following pneumonectomy the patient developedacute respiratory failure and hypotension. Computed tomography(CT) identiﬁed a massive PE occluding the right main pulmonaryartery(Fig.3).Anemergentmultidisciplinaryconferencereviewedthe available options which included: sternotomy with cardiopul-monary bypass and pulmonary thrombectomy, peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for haemodynamic support andintravenous heparin and lastly catheter directed thrombolysis andplacement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) ﬁlter. Given the markedhaemodynamic instability of the patient, thrombolysis and ﬁlterplacement was chosen. Following thrombolysis the patientexperienced immediate and marked haemodynamic improve-ment. Systemic anticoagulation was initiated. Ultimately hisorthopaedic extremity injuries were corrected and he survivedto independent ambulatory discharge from the hospital.2. Discussion2.1. Pulmonary embolism in major blunt trauma and prophylacticinferior vena cava ﬁltersSeverely injured patients are at high risk for both deep venousthrombosis (DVT) and subsequent PE with current estimates ofDVT incidence in trauma patients approximating 13% withprophylaxis and 38% without.
Incidence and medicolegal importance of autopsy study of fracture of neck structure in hanging and strangulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Present study of incidence of fractures of neck structures in hanging and strangulation cases were done in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar w.e.f. 1-3-2001 to 31-1-03 during which period total number of 1983 cases were brought for postmortem examination and out of which 45 (2.26%) cases of Hanging & Strangulation were studied. In this paper various aspects have been discussed in relation to the presence or absence of fractures of bony structure of neck in hanging and strangulation cases.
Leveraging Reviews: Learning to Price with Buyer and Seller Uncertainty

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In online marketplaces, customers have access to hundreds of reviews for a single product. Buyers often use reviews from other customers that share their type---such as height for clothing, skin type for skincare products, and location for outdoor furniture---to estimate their values, which they may not know a priori. Customers with few relevant reviews may hesitate to make a purchase except at a low price, so for the seller, there is a tension between setting high prices and ensuring that there are enough reviews so that buyers can confidently estimate their values. Simultaneously, sellers may use reviews to gauge the demand for items they wish to sell.
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND VIRUS CHARACTERIZATION OF SKUNK ADENOVIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE REVEALS MULTISYSTEMIC INFECTIONS IN A BROAD RANGE OF HOSTS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Skunk adenovirus-1 (SkAdV-1) has been reported infecting several North American wildlife species; however, lesions associated with disease have not yet been completely characterized, particularly in porcupines. We describe and characterize the tissue distribution and lesions associated with SkAdV-1 infection in 24 wildlife diagnostic cases submitted between 2015 and 2020, including 16 North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), three striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and five raccoons (Procyon lotor), which constitute a new host species. The most common lesion in all species was severe necrotizing bronchopneumonia with (n=12) or without (n=10) interstitial involvement. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were common in respiratory epithelium (n=21) and less often in renal tubular (n=6) and biliary epithelium (n=1). Several cases (n=4) had secondary bacterial infections, including Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. In situ hybridization in porcupine (n=6), raccoon (n=1), and skunk (n=1) revealed SkAdV-1 DNA in multiple tissue types, including lung, trachea, turbinates, liver, kidney, lymph node, and brain, and multiple cell types including epithelial, endothelial, and mesothelial cells. These findings were consistent across species. Comparison of viral genomes from a porcupine and a raccoon with that originally isolated from a skunk demonstrated DNA point mutations affecting several viral genes, including the fiber protein gene. Our findings show the spectrum of disease associated with SkAdV-1 infection in a broad host range of wildlife species.