jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Local migrant kin or floating grandmother? Reflections on mobility and informal childcare support strategies among Polish migrants in Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates mobilization of social support for informal childcare among working Polish mothers in Dublin. The research incorporates 61 semi‐structured interviews and maps of ego‐centric networks built around the support and childcare organization. Embedded in a support network and transnational family configuration perspective, this study assesses how migrant mothers use the local and transnational connections to mobilize informal child‐minding strategies. The results show a great reliance on strong ties, especially partners whose support constitutes a backbone of the family being together. Beyond that, floating grandmothers have proven to be a significant provider of childcare from a transnational perspective. The heavy reliance on the local migrant kin and friends is crucial in providing ad hoc crisis support when transnational ties cannot be mobilized. This in turn demonstrates that distance matters, and while strong ties are not available, the local weak ties are more likely to be relied on.
Plantar and Calcaneocuboid Joint Pressure after Isolated Medial Column Fusion versus Medial and Lateral Column Fusion: A Biomechanical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: We compared forefoot and calcaneocuboid pressure in isolated medial column fusion (1-3 tarsometatarsal fusion) versus medial and lateral column fusion (1-5 tarsometatarsal fusion) in a neutral, inversion, and eversion loading model in stance gait phase. Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were cyclically loaded to 720 N at 0.5 Hz for 30 cycles. Plantar and calcaneocuboid joint pressures were measured in neutral, inversion, and eversion in the intact foot, with isolated medial column fusion, and with medial and lateral column fusion. Results: Lateral pressure was higher in the medial and lateral column fusion group than isolated medial column fusion and intact in neutral (55.8 ± 14.8 versus 46.2 ± 13.6 and 45.5 ± 14.8 kPa, respectively) and eversion (80.7 ± 18.4 versus 61.8 ± 13.7 and 60.2 ± 18.2 kPa, respectively) ( p ≤ 0.001). Calcaneocuboid pressure was higher in medial and lateral column fusion than isolated medial column fusion and intact in neutral (1436.7 ± 210.6 versus 1073.7 ± 282.5 and 1084.9 ± 337.6, respectively; p = 0.001) and inversion (1518.3 ± 270.5 versus 1310.5 ± 298.8 and 1237.1 ± 401.9, respectively; p = 0.02). Using combined position data, calcaneocuboid pressure was significantly higher in the medial and lateral column group than in both other groups. The isolated medial column fusion group did not differ significantly from the intact group in any measurement. Conclusion: Medial and lateral column fusion significantly increased lateral and calcaneocuboid pressures with loading compared with isolated medial column fusion and the intact state. No difference was observed between isolated medial column fusion and the intact state. Clinical Relevance: It may be advisable to avoid fusing the lateral column in tarsometatarsal arthrodesis if possible to avoid pressure increase in the forefoot and hindfoot.
Foot drop in patients treated with bortezomib – a case series and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) has a profound impact on quality of life, which is an important issue considering the growing number of survivors of multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. BIPN is typically symmetric, distal, "stocking and glove" distribution and predominantly consists of sensory rather than motor symptoms. In this case series, we report an acute neurotoxicity syndrome induced by bortezomib, which is clinically distinct from BIPN by not being peripheral and distal. We describe six patients that developed unilateral or bilateral foot drop attributed to bortezomib. With bortezomib discontinuation symptoms improved gradually over months to years.
Flash Cooling Protein Crystals: Estimate of Cryoprotectant Concentration Using Thermal Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

X-ray diffraction from protein crystals is routinely measured at cryogenic temperatures, primarily to minimize radiation damage. Protein crystals and the surrounding mother liquor have high water content, which can lead to ice formation when samples are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Cryoprotectants are added to the aqueous mother liquor solutions to achieve both vitreous water and to retain protein crystal integrity. Finding a minimum cryoprotectant concentration to avoid ice formation is a trial and error procedure, and valuable crystals are often lost in this exercise. To minimize crystal loss, a predictive algorithm for estimation of cryoprotectant concentration requirements for successful flash cooling was developed based on heat transfer analysis and thermal properties of cryoprotectant solutions. These thermal properties such as glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and specific heat capacity were measured and modeled for aqueous glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions, and ternary mixtures of glycerol−salt−water. The minimum amounts of cryoprotectant required for successful flash cooling in samples of varying size were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, and a target cooling time for sample vitrification was identified. A predictive heat transfer analysis and property algorithm for cryoprotectant requirements was verified for neutron diffraction sized crystals of d-xylose isomerase and <i>Aeropyrum pernix</i> flap endonuclease 1.
ERP indices of word learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The event-related potentials (ERP) represents voltage fluctuations at the scalp surface, which result from activity within brain structures involved in the processing of a certain stimulus type. This chapter illustrates what kind of conclusions can be drawn when applying the ERP method to infant research. It focuses on the experimentally induced acquisition of novel word meanings in infants from 3 to 16 months of age. A semantic word processing stage is effectively established at 6 months, suggesting that word meanings built at that age can go beyond perceptually based associations. Infant ERP components are utilized to determine the nature of infants' newly established words in temporary and long-term memory. The absence of a comprehension effect in the category–word condition implies that infants did not encode general information about the category–word pairings. The results of infant ERP word learning studies have several implications for the development of word meanings and our view on the nature of infants' early words.
Global silences on African cinemas: Dialectic of omission in western canons

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the absence of African cinemas in three key fronts of western-led global film canons: cinema history, film criticism and the industry. It reflects on the mechanisms and processes that, invariably, have been creating and replicating in mass form the so-called global film culture that reveals itself in a more or less evident, hegemonic way. It also argues that as world cinemas advance on these three fronts, African cinemas have not made much headway to impact global directions in cinema canons significantly.
A New Noncontact Flatness Measuring System of Large 2-D Flat Workpiece

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The flatness measurement of a large 2D flat workpiece such as a satellite solar panel substrate is a key problem in its manufacturing process. Based on the current measuring methods and the actual engineering project, a new noncontact high-precision, low-cost large 2-D flat workpiece flatness measuring system is developed, in which the techniques of oblique optical triangle measuring structure, virtual measurement datum plane, and error self-correction are adopted. By means of the oblique optical triangle measuring structure that is first proposed, the measuring area and resolution of the measuring system can be greatly increased. Meanwhile, on the basis of the techniques of virtual measurement datum plane and error self-correction, the noncontact high-precision, low-cost flatness measurement can be realized on a nonprecise large metallic platform. Experimental results on the satellite solar panel substrate indicate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed noncontact flatness-measuring system of the large 2-D flat workpiece. Although the specific application of the satellite solar panel substrate is presented in this paper, the proposed measurement techniques and measuring system could be applied independent of the nature or use of the large 2-D flat workpieces.
A Two-centre Evaluation of the Human Organotypic Skin Explant Culture Model for Screening Contact Allergens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Animal models are considered to be the “gold standard” for determining the potential contact allergenicity of low molecular weight chemicals. However, governmental regulations and ethical considerations limit the use of animals for such purposes. There is therefore a need for in vitro alternative models. The human organotypic skin explant culture (HOSEC) model is reported to be a promising alternative method for the predictive testing of contact allergens. The accelerated migration of Langerhans cells from the epidermis upon exposure to contact allergens is used to identify chemicals that are potentially capable of inducing a delayed-type hypersensitivity. In the study described in this paper, the model was further refined, and used, in two independent laboratories, to screen 23 low molecular weight compounds of known classification for their allergenicity. Each laboratory was able to accurately detect the contact allergens, despite small variations in the protocols used. However, the classification of dermal irritants, which have often been falsely classified as allergens, varied between the two laboratories. Despite the current limitations of the HOSEC model, the accuracy of the predictions made (sensitiser or non-sensitiser) compare favourably with classifications obtained with commonly used animal models. The HOSEC model has the potential to be developed further as an in vitro alternative to animal models for screening for contact allergens.
Configuration of Detection Software: A Comparison of Decision and Game Theory Approaches

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Firms are increasingly relying on software to detect fraud in domains such as security, financial services, tax, and auditing. A fundamental problem in using detection software for fraud detection is achieving the optimal balance between the detection and false-positive rates. Many firms use decision theory to address the configuration problem. Decision theory is based on the presumption that the firm's actions do not influence the behavior of fraudsters. Game theory recognizes the fact that fraudsters do modify their strategies in response to firms' actions. In this paper, we compare decision and game theory approaches to the detection software configuration problem when firms are faced with strategic users. We find that under most circumstances firms incur lower costs when they use the game theory as opposed to the decision theory because the decision theory approach frequently either over- or underconfigures the detection software. However, firms incur the same or lower cost under the decision theory approach compared with the game theory approach in a simultaneous-move game if configurations under decision theory and game theory are sufficiently close. A limitation of the game theory approach is that it requires user-specific utility parameters, which are difficult to estimate. Decision theory, in contrast to game theory, requires the fraud probability estimate, which is more easily obtained.
Laephotis wintoni Thomas 1901

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laephotis wintoni Thomas 1901 Laephotis wintoni Thomas 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 7: 460. Type Locality: Kenya, Kitui, 1,150 m. Vernacular Names: De Winton's Long-eared Bat. Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, SW Cape Province (South Africa). Conservation: IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).
MIH-Affected Teeth: Clinical Challenges from Diagnosis to Restorative Management

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Teeth affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) present micromorphologic changes and hypersensitivity, which increase the risk of developing caries lesions and affect bonding procedures. Considering that practitioners still misdiagnose teeth affected by MIH, there is an urge for more knowledge about this topic in order to propose a more adequate and conservative treatment. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical challenges regarding the restorative management of a patient with MIH. A 13-year-old girl sought dental treatment, complaining about hypersensitivity in posterior teeth. Under clinical exams, notable enamel alterations mainly affecting posterior teeth (including molars) presented particular characteristics frequently attributed to MIH, and visible stains on maxillary central incisors were present. Because the mineral and organic content of MIH-affected enamel differ from sound enamel, it may imply special care for bonding of a restorative material. Thus, in order to promote a minimally invasive approach, selective removal of carious tissue and restoration with microhybrid composite resin was conducted after application of a universal bonding system used as self-etching strategy. After a 2-year follow-up, the restorations presented good clinical performance and the patient had limited hypersensitivity discomfort, suggesting a promising performance.
Design Features of Creating Security Systems Projects for Civil Engineering Objects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors developed a theoretical base and proposed a methodology for designing security and safety systems for civil engineering facilities. Improving the design efficiency was achieved by optimizing the topology of placement of security and safety equipment in the premises of the facility. The methodology for optimizing topology is based on the use of causal relationships between destabilizing physical factors and types of sensors according to the physical principle of action. The proposed model, as a destabilizing factor, considers physical processes that related to certain types of objects and building structures of such objects (noise, vibration, humidity, temperature, etc.). Destabilizing factors intensity was characterized by an absolute value correlated with the reliability of the security sensors and the probability of forming an "alarm" notification under the influence of factors. The authors carried out calculations to optimize the topology of the placement of security detectors at two typical facilities, with four destabilizing factors in eight rooms at each facility. The obtained results were compared with three typical versions of security alarm equipment projects. As a result, for optimized project options, the generalized indicator was the highest for optimizing the placement of sensors. The results of the test calculations coincided with the choosing of the project of ten independent experts. The optimization concept presented in the article can be implemented as a software product for the new civil engineering facilities design.
Voltage profile improvement and power loss minimization of new haven injection substation for optimal placement of DG using harmony search algorithm optimization technique

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The main importance of a power grid is to transfer electrical energy from the production to the consumption, while maintaining an acceptable reliability and voltage quality for all customers. The role of electrical power distributions to have centralized plants distributing electricity through Distributed Generation (DG) which reduces the Power Loss on transmission and distribution station and also improve voltage profile by optimization. This research work analyzes New Haven injection substation for optimal placement of DG generation based on wind power renewable energy source to the Distribution network and voltage stability using Harmony Search Algorithm. The model developed was simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The work applied new improved Harmony Search Algorithm for integration of renewable energy generation in the distribution network with positive impact on the operation of the voltage stability between 0.95 to 1.05p.u and reactive power distribution improvement through minimization of line losses. The total power system Loss without and with DG are 338.712KW and 307.9KW. Also, the voltage profiles of the sixteen faulty buses are stabilized for efficient performance of substation. Hence, the percentage of power system improvement is 27.23%. Therefore from the results, there is reduction of power Loss when DG is applied and optimised in the power system.
Structural Characterization of LRRK2 Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Kinase inhibition is considered to be an important therapeutic target for LRRK2 mediated Parkinson's disease (PD). Many LRRK2 kinase inhibitors have been reported but have yet to be optimized in order to qualify as drug candidates for the treatment of the disease. In order to start a structure-function analysis of such inhibitors, we mutated the active site of Dictyostelium Roco4 kinase to resemble LRRK2. Here, we show saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and the first cocrystal structures of two potent in vitro inhibitors, LRRK2-IN-1 and compound 19, with mutated Roco4. Our data demonstrate that this system can serve as an excellent tool for the structural characterization and optimization of LRRK2 inhibitors using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.
Improving The Performance of Alumni Achievement Assessment by Integrating Website-Based Tracer Study Information Systems and Telegram API

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is the mission of Vocational High School (SMK) education in Indonesia to produce highly competitive and skilled graduates. One standard for evaluating the success of vocational education is assessing the achievements of alumni. The evaluation process can be carried out with programmed alumni tracking activities or commonly known as tracer studies. However, the implementations of tracer studies that have been carried out by vocational schools in Kediri are still using the manual method. These conditions make the school find many obstacles in the implementation of tracer studies. Some schools have used technology with e-mail applications but have financial constraints. This research aims to improve the performance of assessing the alumni achievement of Vocational Schools in Kediri by integrating the website-based tracer study information system with social media Telegram API. Usability testing that gave 4.83 of 5 scales has shown that the integration can improve the performance and benefits of an application compared to the application before integration
[Evaluation of second-look operations in neuroblastoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The roles of surgery in the treatment of neuroblastoma differ significantly according to the stage of the disease and the age of patients. Infantile neuroblastoma has high resectability and shows a favorable outcome. Moreover, infants with nonresectable neuroblastoma also have a fairly good prognosis after an appropriate treatment. Extensive local resection for tumor eradication with high surgical risk should not be performed in infants with neuroblastoma at the initiation of the treatment. Delayed surgery should be considered in such cases. The principle of the treatment for children more than 1 year of age with advanced neuroblastoma consists of intensive anticancer chemotherapy followed by delayed surgery for complete resection of the original tumor and the regional lymph nodes. Complete response of the remote metastases to the chemotherapy at surgery has been proved to be a clue for cure of the diseases. Initial surgery for reduction of the tumor burden has no advantages for the ultimate survival of the patients with advanced diseases.
The Fully Automatic Radar Plotter in the Context of Some Past Collisions—I

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In 196 two papers by Captain Wylie on ‘Legal aspects of radar and collision’ were published in this Journal ( 18 , 203, 402). Captain Wylie here reviews some of these cases, and other similar cases, in the light of the further information that might have been available on the bridge had the vessels concerned been equipped with modern automatic radar plotting equipment. The object of this series is to examine the circumstances of a number of collisions, selected at random, to see whether the various encounters would have been likely to develop adversely had either or both ships been equipped with a fully automatic radar plotter (FARP). The argument could of course have been developed using various devised situations, but it was felt that a more convincing result would be achieved against a background of documented disasters. All the incidents chosen have been the subjects of Court Cases or Official Investigations; only in the Andrea Doria–Stockholm collision was there no conclusion, as the case was withdrawn from the New York District Court after the taking of evidence from the deck officers.
Depthing shallow reflectors using postcriticalP‐wave reflection amplitudes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987Depthing shallow reflectors using postcritical P‐wave reflection amplitudesAuthors: E. F. ChiburisMohammed Al‐FarajE. F. ChiburisArabian American Oil Co., Saudi Arabia and Mohammed Al‐FarajArabian American Oil Co., Saudi Arabiahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892027 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892027FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byEffects of attenuation and scattering on AVO measurements Adriansyah and George A. McMechan7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 63, No. 6 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1987 Pages: 923 publication data© 1987 Copyright © 1987 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION E. F. Chiburis and Mohammed Al‐Faraj, (1987), "Depthing shallow reflectors using postcritical P‐wave reflection amplitudes," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 631-633. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892027 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
New HRM Practices in the Public and Private Sector Industrial Enterprises of Bangladesh: A Comparative Assessment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explored adoption of new HRM practices in the public and private sector organizations of Bangladesh. We collected data from sixty industrial enterprises located in the main industrial city of country, i.e. Chittagong. The study revealed significant difference on adoption of new HRM practices between public and private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh. Employees in the private sector organizations appeared to be more satisfied than public sector organizations with organizational HRM practices.