jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Linear-Memory Barrier in MPC: Fast MIS on Trees with Strongly Sublinear Memory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, studying fundamental graph problems in the \emph{Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) framework, inspired by the MapReduce paradigm, has gained a lot of attention. An assumption common to a vast majority of approaches is to allow $\widetildeΩ(n)$ memory per machine, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the graph and $\widetildeΩ$ hides polylogarithmic factors. However, as pointed out by Karloff et al. [SODA'10] and Czumaj et al. [STOC'18], it might be unrealistic for a single machine to have linear or only slightly sublinear memory. In this paper, we thus study a more practical variant of the MPC model which only requires substantially sublinear or even subpolynomial memory per machine. In contrast to the linear-memory MPC model and also to streaming algorithms, in this low-memory MPC setting, a single machine will only see a small number of nodes in the graph. We introduce a new and strikingly simple technique to cope with this imposed locality. In particular, we show that the Maximal Independent Set (MIS) problem can be solved efficiently, that is, in $O(\log^3 \log n)$ rounds, when the input graph is a tree. This constitutes an almost exponential speed-up over the low-memory MPC algorithm in $O(\sqrt{\log n})$-algorithm in a concurrent work by Ghaffari and Uitto [SODA'19] and substantially reduces the local memory from $\widetildeΩ(n)$ required by the recent $O(\log \log n)$-round MIS algorithm of Ghaffari et al. [PODC'18] to $n^α$ for any $α>0$, without incurring a significant loss in the round complexity. Moreover, it demonstrates how to make use of the all-to-all communication in the MPC model to almost exponentially improve on the corresponding bound in the $\mathsf{LOCAL}$ and $\mathsf{PRAM}$ models by Lenzen and Wattenhofer [PODC'11].
The Microwave Spectra of m-Xylene and m-Xylene-d10. Determination of the Low Methyl Internal Rotation Barrier

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rotational spectra of m-xylene, (CH 3 ) 2 C 6 H 4 and of m-xylene-d 10 , (CD 3 ) 2 C 6 D 4 have been recorded between 6 and 26.5 GHz using pulsed beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The clue for the assignment of the internal rotation multiplets was the inertial defect derived from the A 1 A 1 species transitions. The rotational constants for m-xylene and m-xylene-d 10 are A = 3572.1117(1) MHz / 2896.1195(17) MHz, B = 1761.8621(1) MHz / 1446.0236(15) MHz, C =1197.3943(2) MHz / 988.2357(7) MHz, the barrier to internal rotation of the two methyl groups are V 3 = 53.7(16) J/mol / 39.8(5) J/mol, their moments of inertia were assumed to be I ∞ = 3.14 uÅ 2 / 6.28 uÅ 2 .
Bibliotecário de referência e tutoria em educação a distância on-line

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the world had to change habits to contain the disease, and one of them was to fulfill social isolation. Several sectors had to use the Internet, and Education was one of them. In the city of Fortaleza, a public university, on an urgent basis, promoted workshops for teachers and student monitors, in order to plan their classes and produce their teaching materials. In these workshops, the presence of a reference librarian contributed to the online tutoring process. Methodology: Based on the experience of librarian practice in online Distance Education tutoring, a bibliographic and descriptive research with a qualitative nature was adopted, serving as a basis for the experience report. Results: It was observed that the librarian, in online tutoring, has skills to develop functions, such as: guidance on sources of information, research, curatorship, among others. Conclusion: The reference librarian has skills and abilities in his training, whether to act in person or virtually, and, therefore, is able to carry out informational tutoring in online distance education.
Understanding Mechanism Design—Part 3 of 3: Mechanism Design in the Real World: The VCG Mechanism

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the first two parts of this short series, we learned how mechanism design can be used in theory to engineer systems that achieve desirable properties by anticipating how rational agents will act, and then designing the rules accordingly. In particular, we focused on the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) mechanism that results in a welfare maximizing outcome by incentivizing agents to tell the truth about how much they prefer each outcome. Now, let's explore how the VCG mechanisms may be used to solve real-world problems.
OP16.01: Reproducibility of 3D‐transvaginal sonography by VCI analysis to differentiate endometrial polyp and hyperplasia in pre‐menopausal women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To analyze the reproducibility of 3D-transvaginal sonography (3D-TVS) by Volume Contrast Imaging (VCI) analysis in the differential diagnosis of endometrial polyp and hyperplasia in pre-menopausal women among examiners with different level of expertise. 50 pre-menopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding and/or infertility scheduled for hysteroscopy were consecutively recruited. 3D-TVS was performed during the early (day 5–9 - Group A) and late (day 10-14 - Group B) proliferative phase of the cycle and 3D volumes of the uterus were acquired and stored. Directed office hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy was considered the gold standard. Four examiners, with different levels of experience, evaluated the 3D stored volumes by multiplanar display and VCI analysis (by two millimeters slices). The presence of hyperechoic areas within hypoechoic proliferative endometrium was considered suspicious for endometrial hyperplasia; the presence of a hyperechoic lesion with the bright edge was considered suspicious for endometrial polyp. To analyze intra-observer agreement each examiner performed the assessment twice with a two weeks interval between the first and the second assessment. To analyze the inter-observer agreement, the second assessment from each examiner was used. Reproducibility was assessed calculating the weighted Kappa index. Histological reports were endometrial polyp, hyperplasia and functional endometrium in 18, 15 and 17 cases, respectively. In two cases with coexisting endometrial polyp and hyperplasia, endometrial polyp was considered for data analysis. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was good to excellent. Inter-observer variability was not significantly different among examiners with different level of experience. 3D-TVS by VCI analysis can adequately permit to differentiate endometrial polyp and hyperplasia, with an acceptable reproducibility among examiners with different level of expertise.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PEA STEM FLY (OPHIOMYIA PHASEOLI) AND WILT COMPLEX OF PEAS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For the control of stem fly and wilt complex in peas, different insecticides and fungicides individually and their combinations i.e. Formaldehyde @ 1.0% and Thimet 10G@ 10 kg/ha as soil application, Bavistan and Captan 3 g each/kg seed, Bavistan + Captan @ 1.5 9 of each per kg seed, Chlorpyriphos 5 ml and Chlorpyriphos 5 ml + Captan 3 g/seed as seed treatment, Thimet 10 kg/ha as soil application + Captan 3 g/kg seed as seed treatment were tried. It was reported that in both the years the combination of Thimet 10G @ 10 kg/ha as SA + Captan 3 g/kg seed proved to be the most effective in reducing the plant mortality and increasing the crop yield followed by soil application of Thimet 10G @ 10 kg/ha alone.
Effect of male sterility inducing cytoplasm on hybrid mean performance for bioenergy traits in sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Influence of male sterility inducing cytoplasm on mean performance with respect to ethanol yield and its attributing traits in sweet sorghum was studied in 48 hybrids developed by crossing six Alines viz., ICSA 631, ICSA 731, ICSA 324, ICSA 500, ICSA 38 and ICSA 84 and their corresponding Blines with four Rlines viz., SEREDO, ICSV-700, ICSV 111 and E 36-1 in a line × tester mating design. The 16 parents and their 48 hybrids were grown separately in contiguous blocks in single row of 3m length with 0.15 m × 0.60 m spacing in simple lattice design with two replications at the experimental plots of Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), and Bangalore. Presence of significant cytoplasmic differences in hybrid means performance for mean cane height, mean cane weight, juice yield, juice extraction per cent and ethanol yield. No definite trend favouring any particular cytoplasm was observed.
Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this book Barry de Vries addresses the issue of autonomous weapons in international criminal law. The development of autonomous weapon systems is progressing. While the technology advances, attempts to regulate these weapons are not keeping pace. It is therefore likely that these weapons will be developed before a new legal framework is established. Many legal questions still remain and one of the most important ones among them is how individual responsibility will be approached. Barry de Vries therefore considers this issue from a doctrinal international criminal law perspective to determine how the current international criminal law framework will address this topic.
Individual and Additive Effects of Insecticide and Mating Disruption in Integrated Management of Navel Orangeworm in Almonds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Damage from Amyelois transitella, a key pest of almonds in California, is managed by destruction of overwintering hosts, timely harvest, and insecticides. Mating disruption has been an increasingly frequent addition to these management tools. Efficacy of mating disruption for control of navel orangeworm damage has been demonstrated in experiments that included control plots not treated with either mating disruption or insecticide. However, the navel orangeworm flies much farther than many orchard pests, so large plots of an expensive crop are required for such research. A large almond orchard was subdivided into replicate blocks of 96 to 224 ha and used to compare harvest damage from navel orangeworm in almonds treated with both mating disruption and insecticide, or with either alone. Regression of navel orangeworm damage in researcher-collected harvest samples from the interior and center of management blocks on damage in huller samples found good correlation for both and supported previous assumptions that huller samples underreport navel orangeworm damage. Blocks treated with both mating disruption and insecticide had lower damage than those treated with either alone in 9 of the 10 years examined. Use of insecticide had a stronger impact than doubling the dispenser rate from 2.5 to 5 per ha, and long-term comparisons of relative navel orangeworm damage to earlier- and later-harvested varieties revealed greater variation than previously demonstrated. These findings are an economically important confirmation of trade-offs in economic management of this critical pest. Additional monitoring tools and research tactics will be necessary to fulfill the potential of mating disruption to reduce insecticide use for navel orangeworm.
Identification of the Major Phosphorylation Site of the Hepatitis C Virus H Strain NS5A Protein as Serine 2321

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein is phosphorylated by a cellular, serine/threonine kinase. To identify the major site(s) of NS5A phosphorylation, radiolabeled HCV-H NS5A phosphopeptides were purified and subjected to phosphoamino acid analysis and Edman degradation. These data identified the major intracellular phosphorylation site in the HCV-H NS5A protein as Ser2321, a result verified by two additional, independent methods: (i) substitution of Ala for Ser2321and the concomitant disappearance of the major in vivophosphorylated peptides and corresponding in vitrophosphorylated peptides; and (ii) comigration of the digestion products of a synthetic peptide phosphorylated on Ser2321 with the major in vivo phosphorylated NS5A peptides. Site-directed mutagenesis of Ser2321 suggested that phosphorylation of NS5A is dispensable for previously described interactions with NS4A and PKR, a cellular, antiviral kinase that does not appear to catalyze NS5A phosphorylation. The proline-rich nature of the amino acid sequence flanking Ser2321 (PLPPPRS2321 PPVPPPR) suggests that a proline-directed kinase is responsible for the majority of HCV NS5A phosphorylation, consistent with previous kinase inhibitor studies.
User perspectives of metadata use in electronic laboratory notebooks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The drive towards more transparency in research and open data increases the importance of being able to find information and make links to the data. The amount of electronic data produced and the move away from the familiar and convenient paper notebook to electronic lab notebooks (ELNs) provides more scope for sharing information, but also makes it more difficult to find. Machine generated metadata helps with sharing across software and systems and also assists with retrieval for machines, but not necessarily in a form friendly for the humans that need it. Metadata is an essential ingredient for use in ELNs to make experiment data and associated notes and interpretations easier to retrieve and more organized. <br/><br/>Electronic lab notebooks and other recording software captures useful metadata like date, time, and location, but are reliant upon users to add meaningful metadata like topic and person after the recording process.<br/><br/>The University of Southampton has developed an ELN that enables users to add their own metadata to notebook entries. A survey of 110 of these ELNs was completed to assess user behavior and patterns of metadata usage within ELNs. In addition, the user perceptions and expectations of metadata in ELNs were gathered through user interviews and user testing activities of different groups. The findings from both indicate that whilst some groups are comfortable with metadata and are able to design a metadata structure that works effectively, many users have no knowledge of where to start to define metadata or even an understanding of what it is, and why it is useful.<br/><br/>Strategies for encouraging and improving metadata use in ELNs from the study findings including improving interface design, user education, standard schema designs, and encouraging collaboration between same discipline groups to promote consistency and best practices.<br/>
Suggestions for Improving the Effectiveness of Oral Presentations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Oral presentations continue to be the most popular form of direct communication of medical facts and opinions. During the past 40 years, I have listened to thousands of lectures and delivered quite a few myself. Despite improvements with the increased use of Microsoft PowerPoint software, persistent problems reduce the effectiveness of many presentations. A number of specific recommendations are provided in this article to improve the effectiveness of oral presentations. The recommendations are mainly for 30- to 60-minute lectures but also apply to 10-minute research presentations.

If you have voluntarily agreed to present a talk, never start by apologizing that you are not particularly knowledgeable about the subject. The best way to turn off your audience is to start with, “Although I'm not working in this area and therefore am not particularly expert about this topic, …”. If that is true, don't agree to talk about the subject. Otherwise, assume that you likely know more than your audience does about your topic. …
Influence of systemic hypothermia on the myocardial oxygen tension during extracorporeal circulation: Comparative study in German Landrace pigs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During extracorporeal circulation (ECC) controlled hypothermia is a common method of myocardial protection due to a reduction of the myocardial oxygen consumption. Although the beneficial aspects of hypothermia on the myocardial metabolism have been widely demonstrated the effect of hypothermia on the myocardial oxygen tension (PmyO 2 ) is unclear. For this reason the PmyO 2 of German Landrace pigs (male, three months of age) during ECC was analysed under mild hypothermia (32°C, n = 6 pigs) and under normothermia (n = 10 pigs, control group) within a time period of 23 min (1400 sec). Flexible invasive Clark type microcatheters were used to measure the PmyO 2 in the beating heart. During normothermal ECC a continuous PmyO 2 increase from 36.5 ± 15.8 mmHg to 52.6 ± 27.2 mmHg (+44.1%) after 1400 sec was measured (p = 0.02). In contrast, mild hypothermia caused a continuous PmyO 2 decrease from initially 46.9 ± 17.5 mmHg to 36.7 ± 20.8 mmHg (−21.8%, p < 0.013) in the test period. Electrocardiography revealed no signs of ischemia or arrhythmia during normo- and hypothermic ECC. It seems obvious that mild hypothermia results in a reduction of the oxygen transfer to the myocardial cells and that this effect outweighs the beneficial effects of hypothermia in the myocardium which are related to reduced oxygen consumption. However, in mild hypothermia oxygen supply to the myocardium remained sufficient for normal myocardial function.
Is the Parwarish parenting intervention feasible and relevant for young people and parents in diverse settings in India? A mixed methods process evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the feasibility, acceptability and relevance of the Parwarish, a positive parenting intervention (adapted from PLH-Teens) in three diverse settings in India. Design This mixed methods study used the Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations of complex interventions. Setting This study was set in disadvantaged communities in urban Agra, rural Uttar Pradesh and tribal Jharkhand in India. Participants Data were collected from 86 facilitators, implementers, parents and teens who participated in the Parwarish intervention among 239 families. Intervention Couples from target communities facilitated groups of parents and teens over the 14-module structured, interactive Parwarish intervention which focused on building communication, reducing harsh parenting and building family budgeting skills. Outcome measures We assessed relevance, acceptability and feasibility of the intervention using mixed methods. Qualitative data collected included semistructured interviews and focus group discussions with implementers, facilitators, parents and young people who were transcribed, translated and thematically analysed to develop themes inherent in the data. Quantitative data which assessed attendance, fidelity to the intervention and facilitator training and coaching were analysed descriptively. Results Findings were grouped under the three domains of facilitation, community engagement and programme support with the following seven themes: (1) community-based facilitators increased contextual validity of the intervention; (2) gender relations were not only influenced by Parwarish implementation but were also influenced and transformed by Parwarish; (3) facilitator responsiveness to group concerns increased participation; (4) participation gathered momentum; (5) Parwarish’s strong core and porous periphery allowed adaptations to local contexts; (6) technology that included Skype and WhatsApp enhanced implementation and (7) critical reflection with community trained coaches strengthened facilitation quality and programme fidelity. Conclusion This study found Parwarish engaging, feasible and acceptable in three diverse, low-income communities, although constrained by patriarchal gender relations. It paves the way for larger-scale implementation in other South Asian settings.
Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins and analogs.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Aflatoxins B1 and G1, in single doses, were lethal and had similar relative potencies in the duckling (50% lethal dose, 0.73 mg/kg versus 1.18 mg/kg) and in the rat (50% lethal dose, 1.16 mg/kg versus 2 to 4 mg/kg). Aflatoxins B2 and G2 were less potent in the duckling (50% lethal dose, 1.76 mg/kg versus 2.83 mg/kg) and were nontoxic to rats at doses of 200 mg/kg. Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocellular carcinomas in rats dosed by stomach tube, the optimum carcinogenic regimen being 1.5 mg/rat given in 40 equal doses over 8 weeks. With this dosing regimen, aflatoxin G1 was carcinogenic to rat liver at doses of 2.0 and 1.4 mg/animal and also induced adenocarcinomas of the kidneys in 4/26 rats. When given by i.p. injection, aflatoxin B2 at a total dose of 150 mg/rat (40 equal doses over 8 weeks) induced hepatocellular carcinomas in 4/9 rats. Aflatoxin B1 dosed according to a comparable regimen induced liver tumors in 9/9 animals at a total dose of 1.3 mg per rat. Multiple s.c. injection of aflatoxin B1 resulted in sarcomas at the injection site in 9/9 rats within 44 to 58 weeks after a total dose of 0.4 mg/rat over 20 weeks. Aflatoxin B2 at a total dose of 12 mg/rat according to the same treatment schedule induced no tumors in 10 rats killed after 78 to 86 weeks. Tetrahydrodeoxyaflatoxin B1 and 3 synthetic compounds containing the substituted coumarin portion of the aflatoxin B configuration were nontoxic and noncarcinogenic at doses 100 to 200 times higher than aflatoxin B1. Collectively, these results indicate that the furofuran moiety of the aflatoxin structure is essential for toxic and carcinogenic activity. Moreover, the presence of the double bond in the terminal furan ring is an important determinant of potency, particularly for acute and chronic effects in rats. The importance of the substituents on the lactone portion of the molecule is also illustrated by the difference in potency of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in all systems studied.
Molecular dynamics modeling of irradiation damage in highly coordinated mineral structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The radiation stability of zirconolite CaZrTi2O7, pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 and periclase MgO has been studied by computer simulations methods. Computer simulation of zircon ZrSiO4 also has been performed for comparison with these structures. These calculations were performed in grid- environment using «GEOPARD» virtual organization. The number of Frenkel pairs after propagation of the primary knock-оn atom of thorium with a kinetic energy of 20 keV (analogue of recoil atom arising due to the alpha decay of actinides) has been characterized by molecular dynamics method. Calculation of the effective charge of oxygen atoms has been performed using density functional theory and B3LYP hybrid functional. It is established that the radiation stability of these minerals depends significantly from two main factors: type of structure and the degree of chemical bonds covalency of the structures (or effective charge of oxygen atoms). The results of computer simulations show that structures with high bond iconicity and high coordination number of cations (periclase, pyrochlore) are characterized by high radiation resistance to amorphization.
Butcher's bill, UT 1599-7

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Butcher's bill: sheep, kid, lambs. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-7 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Jokha ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Cuneiform, Non-Alphabetic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Rectangular clay tablet, brownish color with orange areas. Shows fingerprints; cracked. LABEL: "1599" in black ink, "7" in red ink. 3 x 2.5cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Reign of Amar-Sin, third dynastic king.