jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Friendship in Childhood and Adolescence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter describes the ways interactions with friends are distinct from interactions with nonfriends. It discusses processes that contribute to the development and maintenance of friendships and presents a theoretical perspective that helps explain why friendships are so important in the lives of youth. It discusses the various functions of friendships, describes methods used to assess friendship experiences, and reviews research that has examined some of the consequences of poor friendship experiences. Focusing primarily on the positive role that friendships play in the lives of children and adolescents, the chapter also discusses studies that have examined the "dark side" of friendships. It emphasizes developmental and gender differences in the relation of friendship experiences to adjustment throughout. It concludes with suggestions for future directions for research and a discussion of implications for intervention, emphasizing that enhancing children's friendship experiences could protect them from a variety of negative outcomes.
The attitudes of LIS chairs toward the iSchools movement in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The goal of this paper is to identify the attitudes of the chairs of library and information science (LIS) programs in Chinese universities toward the iSchools movement. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 36 deans or other chairs of LIS by using open‐ended questionnaire and utilized grounded theory to analyze the results. Findings The result shows that most chairpersons approve the iSchools values of relationship between people, information and technology, nevertheless, they expressed uncertainty regarding the future of iSchools. For the process of adopting the values of iSchools and joining the iSchools movement, the main risks to progress come from within the LIS schools or departments. The consensus among the chairpersons is that the LIS education should reserve its traditional core values, as well as adopt iSchools' values and widely expand in the information profession area. Originality/value This study unveiled the attitudes of LIS chairs toward the iSchools movement in China. Its results can help the iSchools movement to develop and promote LIS education innovation globally.
Upper body strength and power are associated with shot speed in men's ice hockey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recent studies that addressed shot speed in ice hockey have focused on the relationship between shot speed and variables such as a player's skills or hockey stick construction and its properties. There has been a lack of evidence that considers the relationship between shot speed and player strength, particularly in players at the same skill level. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between maximal puck velocity of two shot types (the wrist shot and the slap shot) and players' upper body strength and power. Methods: Twenty male professional and semi-professional ice hockey players (mean age 23.3 ± 2.4 years) participated in this study. The puck velocity was measured in five trials of the wrist shot and five trials of the slap shot performed by every subject. All of the shots were performed on ice in a stationary position 11.6 meters in front of an electronic device that measures the speed of the puck. The selected strength and power variables were: muscle power in concentric contraction in the countermovement bench press with 40 kg and 50 kg measured with the FiTRODyne Premium device; bench press one-repetition maximum; and grip strength measured by digital hand dynamometer. Results: The correlations between strength/power variables and the puck velocity in the wrist shot and the slap shot ranged between .29-.72 and .16-.62, respectively. Puck velocities produced by wrist shots showed significant correlations with bench press muscle power with 40 kg (p = .004) and 50 kg (p < .001); and one-repetition maximum in bench press (p = .004). The slap shot puck velocity was significantly associated with bench press muscle power with 40 kg (p = .014) and 50 kg (p = .004). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that there are significant associations between shot speed and upper body strength and power.
Multiple Insufficiency Fractures Related to Vitamin D Deficiency in a Young Lady

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A young girl presented with increasing bilateral groin pain for the past 3 months (visual analog scale score 8/10) and inability to weight bear for the last 1 month. Plain X-rays showed bilateral fractures of the femoral neck, extending in the intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric regions on both sides. Laboratory investigations revealed severe Vitamin D deficiency with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The insufficiency fractures are subtypes of stress fractures with decreased mineralization and weakened zone calcification of the bone. Clinical awareness about the insufficiency fractures and a high index of suspicion is required to make an early diagnosis. The majority of insufficiency fractures due to Vitamin D deficiency can be managed conservatively with timely diagnosis, adequate supplementation of Vitamin D, and calcium.
Robust Stabilization of a Class of passive Nonlinear Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of feedback stabilization is considered for a class of nonlinear, finite dimensional, time invariant passive systems that are affine in control. Using extensions of the Kalman-Yakubovch lemma, it is shown that such systems can be stabilized by a class of finite demensional, linear, time-invariant controllers which are strictly positive real in the weak or marginal sense. The stability holds regardless of model uncertainties, and is therefore, robust.
A45 INFLAMMATION AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY IN PEDIATRIC SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Both intestinal dysbiosis and central-line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) have been well documented in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Gastrointestinal microbiota prime and regulate mucosal immunity, therefore we hypothesize children with SBS may have longstanding increased intestinal permeability which could lead to mucosal inflammation and predispose to bacteremia. Aims We sought to investigate intestinal permeability as well as both intestinal and systemic activation of the inflammatory cascade in children with SBS. Methods Two cohorts of children with SBS were consented; with Group 1 including children with SBS requiring central venous catheter (CVC) for parenteral nutrition, and Group 2 including children with SBS without CVC. SBS groups were compared to three control groups including age and sex-matched children with CVC for hematologic disease (Group 3), children without a CVC (Group 4) and healthy adult controls (Group 5). To evaluate intestinal permeability, we quantified circulating bacterial products LPS and MDP through the binding of their respective receptors, TLR4 and NOD2. To determine colonic inflammation, fecal calprotectin was quantified from a single stool sample. Cytokine profiles included IFN-γ, IL-Iβ, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNFα were quantified by Multiplex Immunoassay while gene expression of transcription factors FoxP3+, RORγT, TLR2, and TLR4, were determined by RNA extraction and quantitative PCR. Results 22 children were recruited in the study (Group 1 n=6, Group 2 n=6, Group 3 n=5, Group 4 n=5) as well as 10 adult control samples (Group 5). The median age of Group 1 was 67 months with a residual small intestine of 26.5cm (IQR 24.7–40) while those in Group 2 were 51 months with a residual small intestine of 55cm (IQR 31.2–89). Circulating bacterial products of LPS and MDP were not different between SBS groups and control children. Serum analysis of cytokine TNFα was significant (p&lt;0.005) however multiple comparator analysis did not identify within group differences. Other cytokines did not differ between groups. Fecal calprotectin levels were not elevated however statistically lower in Group 1 (median 12.8mg/kg; IQR 9.3- 34.9) compared to in Group 2 (median 96mg/kg, IQR 71.6–188.2;) p &lt;0.01. Relative quantification of RNA expression of FoxP3+, RORγT, TLR2, and TLR4 did not differ between groups. Conclusions Despite concern of compromised intestinal epithelial barrier function in children with SBS, this study did not detect differences in circulating bacterial products compared to control children as an assessment of intestinal permeability nor increased systemic inflammation. Further research is required to investigate intestinal epithelial barrier function over time and the mechanism of bacteremia in children with SBS. Funding Agencies CAGRegional Medical Associates of Hamilton
Letter: Dextropropoxyphene poisoning.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

at work were survived, 20 of the employees concerned being back in their jobs within four months.One can only speculate on how many of the six deaths might have been avoided had special facilities been available at the factory.Women formed only a small part of the work force and they had no known heart attacks during the period of the study.Otherwise the factory population was fairly typical for its size, with 35°o of the men in the 45-64 age range but with relatively few in the 65 + group.Turnover rate was 5-60o.The study showed up differences in inci- dence between office and shop-floor workers, and the Oxford area as a whole has a low incidence of heart attacks compared with other parts of the country,:' but generalisation on this rather slender basis would suggest between one and two fatal attacks at work per year per 10 000 male employees.
Influence of tiotropium bromide (TB) and carbocysteine (C) on mucociliary clearance (MCC) in patients with COPD

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim: to compare the influence of TB alone and in combination with C on MCC.

MM biochemical parameters of sputum (medium weight molecules (MWM), trypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI)) were researched for MCC evaluation.

Results: dynamic of indices for gr.1-in table 1, for gr.2-in table 2.

View this table:

Table 1

View this table:

Table 2

Conclusions:

1. TB demonstrated positive influence on MCC: broncholytic effect reduces of damage influence of bronchial contents' accumulation on cilia; activation of local trypsinolytic activity of sputum reduces of sputum viscosity; selective influence on M3-cholinoreceptors leads to bronchial secretion's limitation and to anti-inflammatory effect, as a result – to decrease of MWM level, which leads to decrease of sputum viscosity.

2. Benefit of C addition to TB appeared only in greater increase of trypsinolytic activity of sputum (10,7 %, p = 0,13). It can be explained by additional influence of C on rheological properties of sputum, due to its ability to reduce hypertrophy of mucous glands.
Exploring the Motivation to Follow Small Brands on Social Media

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Social media have impacted numerous aspects of consumers’ social life, including consumer behavior and the consumer—brand relationship. Consumer behavior is evolving though social platforms and is shaping the perceptions and the actions of customers towards brands. As a result, more and more brands are seeking visibility through social networks, establishing an online presence, trying to trigger interaction and engagement with consumers. This paper explores consumer motivation to interact and engage with small travel brands on social media and highlights elements of the brands that make them more appealing to consumers. The paper also identified consumer attributes that make them more willing to engage with small travel brands on social media. The findings of this paper help map the factors that play a key role on the intention of a consumer to follow and engage with a small brand, while there are clear strategies indicated on how a small brand can meet the consumers’ expectations and leverage on potential cross sell opportunities. The research outputs indicate that there are distinct follower groups in terms of interaction with travel brands with unique characteristics that can be leveraged for a more effective brand positioning. In addition, there are remarkable findings on the repetitive nature of buying behavior for people following small travel brands and the potential cross sell opportunities that arise. The findings of this paper may be considered as a roadmap for small brands to improve customer engagement and consumer buying behavior.
Мир цвета в рассказе И. А. Бунина "Генрих": колоративы и чувство Родины

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The composition, semantics and functioning of words with color meanings (coloratives) are of interest to researchers specializing in various fields of scientific knowledge. The relevance of studying this group of words is determined with an important trend: to describe the facts of culture fixed in the units of the language, as well as to highlight culturally significant information in them. This tendency is manifested in the study of the writer's language. The analysis of coloratives, their composition and role in Ivan Bunin's multi-genre works is actively conducted, but it is often carried out without focusing on a specific work of art. The article analyzes the coloratives functioning in the text of the story «Henry» (a collection of short stories «Dark Avenues»), which is called a gloomy, or twilight, story. The analysis showed that the writer uses about 120 coloratives in the text of the story, most of which denote bright («daytime») colors (Rus. лиловый, индиго, янтарно-коричневый, цвета луковой шелухи). The nature of the selection of words naming the main colors of the spectrum and their shades in the text of the story shows the author's likes and dislikes. Semantic, lexicographic and linguocultural analysis of landscape and portrait descriptions is carried out against the background of materials from the National Corpus of the Russian language (the Main and Poetic subcorps). The analysis has shown that the coloratives become for the author not only a means of accurately and figuratively describing the world around them, but also a way of expressing the hero's condition and his attitude towards Russia and Europe.
1114 Split-time artificial insemination following synchronization of estrus with the 14-d CIDR-PG protocol in primiparous 2-yr-old beef cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that estrous response and pregnancy rate following synchronization of estrus with the 14-d CIDR-PG protocol in primiparous 2-yr-old beef cows would be improved using split-time AI (STAI) compared to fixed-time AI (FTAI). Estrus was synchronized for 523 primiparous, postpartum beef cows at five locations. Cows received a CIDR insert (1.38 g progesterone) on d 0 with removal on d 14. On d 30, 16 d after CIDR removal, cows were administered PGF2α (25 mg) and estrus detection aids (Estrotect) were applied. All cows were administered GnRH (100 µg) on d 33, 72 h after PGF2α administration. Treatments were equally represented across locations, and cows within each location were assigned to one of two treatments based on days postpartum and body condition score. Cows assigned to the FTAI treatment (n = 266) were inseminated at a fixed-time concurrent with GnRH administration at 72 h after PGF2α regardless of estrus expression, while cows assigned to the STAI treatment (n = 257) were inseminated based on estrus expression observed at 72 h. Cows assigned to STAI that expressed estrus by 72 h were inseminated; however, AI was delayed 24 h until 96 h after PGF2α for cows that failed to express estrus before the standard fixed time. Estrus detection aids remained attached following GnRH at 72 h for all non-estrous cows assigned to the STAI treatment, and estrus expression during the delayed time period was recorded. Estrous response at 72 h did not differ between treatments (FTAI = 42%; STAI = 40%; P = 0.33). Delayed insemination to 96 h after PGF2α of STAI treated cows that failed to exhibit estrus before the standard FTAI at 72 h increased total estrous response (FTAI = 42%; STAI = 64%; P < 0.0001); however, pregnancy rates resulting from AI were similar between treatments (FTAI = 56%; STAI = 55%; P = 0.60). In summary, estrus expression was increased when STAI was used following synchronization of estrus with the 14-d CIDR-PG protocol in primiparous 2-yr-old beef cows; however, this strategy did not result in significant improvements in AI pregnancy rates compared to FTAI.
Rethinking Organic Residues: The great Potential of Biomass in Brazil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the 1970s Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015), and not from Akimoto. " a complex man-nature relationship" to " the complex relationship between man and nonhuman elements". . The consequences of landscape transformation worldwide have been increasingly recognized not only by the scientific community, but also by the general population. As the world population continues to grow, there is an increasing pressure on water and land to provide an adequate supply of food and industrial products. Projections indicate that by 2030 the population will be 8.5 billion of inhabitants and in 2050 of 9.7 billion [1]. Lack of successful solutions for the conservation of ecosystems and adequate destination for the waste may lead to serious environmental and socio-economic consequences.
Defining Rights in Democratization: The Argentine Government and Human Rights Organizations, 1983-2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Defining the rights that must be protected in a democracy is an integral component of the process of democratization. In the case of Argentina, the definition of these rights results partly from important debates between human rights organizations (HROs) and the state. Argentine HROs have framed their demands for state protection of human rights in terms of the need to protect the family. Yet HROs' successes in using international courts as arbiters may be reducing their need to present their demands in this framework.
A Case of Gastric Amphicrine Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

“Amphicrine” (in Greek, amphi- means “both” or “double”) refers to cells that synchronously exhibit the endocrine and exocrine phenotypes. Gastric amphicrine carcinoma is very rare, and only a few case reports are found in the English literature; thus, its pathobiological features remain unclear. Here, we report a case of amphicrine gastric carcinoma. A woman in her sixth decade of life presented with anemia and underwent upper endoscopy, followed by histopathological examination of biopsy specimens. She appeared to have gastric cancer with a tumor measuring 5.0 cm × 4.0 cm in size. Subsequently, the patient underwent total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly cohesive carcinoma that sparsely coexisted with signet-ring cell carcinoma cells with regional lymph node metastasis. Interestingly, synaptophysin immunoreactivity with the coexistence of Alcian blue was found in individual signet-ring cell carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the present amphicrine carcinoma cells immunohistochemically expressed CD44 variant 9, a functional cancer stem cell marker. We believe that the present case findings may support the idea of multipotent stem cells being an origin of amphicrine gastric cancers.
Hardware Trojan Detection Based on Side-Channel Analysis Using Power Traces and Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous development of the Integrated Circuit (IC) manufacturing where international outsourcing is one of the main trends, hardware Trojan (HT) has been considered as a serious problem for hardware security in modern electronic systems.This paper presents a novel HT detection method based on the side-channel analysis with power traces and the machine learning (ML) technique.Side-channel information of the AES encryption core was acquired by the power consumption measurement equipment and then classified with Softmax regression.The ML technique was applied to classify and detect the HT.The experimental results have clarified the efficiency of the proposed method.
Collaborative biographical methodologies in language ideologies critical studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter aims to present the transformative potential of collaborative biographical methodologies in critical studies of language ideologies among migrant university students – quilombolas (national migrants) and Southern global foreign students (transnational migrants). During a longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork with national and transnational migrants who moved to the Brazilian Midwest to study at a public university, we identified their demands, not only to understand language ideologies that impact their trajectories in student mobility but also to contest such ideologies. In this chapter, we will: 1) briefly present our research and the analysis of the data generated through biographical workshops conducted with quilombola students (national migrants) and foreign students (transnational migrants) at the university itself; 2) discuss the results, which indicate linguistic ideologies of standardization, of educational/linguistic deficit, and graphocentrism, in intersection with racial/racist ideologies; 3) discuss how the metapragmatics of language in use shapes, actualizes, and reinforces diverse linguistic ideologies that are used in the construction and maintenance of social hierarchies, such as racial hierarchies; 4) consider how the coloniality of power and knowledge has acted in territories under a history of colonization and enslavement of people, such as the colonization of the Americas by Europe, and has acted in institutional spaces, such as the university; and 5) finally, debate how our analysis highlights that the methodological approach of collaborative biographical workshops enables the contestation of colonial linguistic ideologies and, therefore, proves to be an important tool for critical and transformative approach to language ideologies.