jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of process-induced mechanical stress on multi-fingered device performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the stress liner induced performance enhancement in multi-fingered devices. It is observed that the liner induced stress is not uniform in all the fingers and fingers located at the edges of multifingered devices have larger channel stress. As a result there is an unaccounted change in the drive current of fingers, sharing an active region, with the number of fingers in multi-fingered devices. It is observed that the average effective drive current in the fingers of seven fingered NMOSFET (PMOSFET) is ~4% (~17%) smaller than the single finger devices. We present a physically reasonable semi-empirical model relating average current and the number of fingers in a multi-fingered device. We show that using our model, one can predict the delay of an inverter with multi-fingered layout as a function of its number of device fingers.
Predictive Validity of a QTc Interval Prolongation Risk Score in the Intensive Care Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Torsade de pointes is a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with heart rate–corrected QT (QT c ) interval prolongation. With approximately 24–61% of critically ill patients experiencing QT c interval prolongation, a predictive tool to identify high‐risk patients could assist in the monitoring and management in the intensive care unit (ICU). The Tisdale et al. Risk Score (TRS) is a predictive tool that was developed and validated in a cardiac critical care unit. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity (sensitivity and specificity) and likelihood ratios of the TRS in a medical ICU. Methods This was a longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study of consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria from October 2017 to June 2018 with a sample size of 264 patients. The sample size was derived based on the number of TRS covariates and an exploratory variable. Baseline characteristics and risk factors were documented from electronic health records. The first occurrence of QT c interval prolongation, defined as a QT c interval > 500 ms or an increase ≥ 60 ms above baseline, was the primary endpoint. Main Results The sensitivity and specificity of the TRS for low‐risk patients against the moderate‐risk and high‐risk patients were 97% (95% CI 91–99%) and 16% (95% CI 11–23%), respectively. These results corresponded to a positive likelihood ratio of 1.15 (95% CI 1.07–1.24) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.20 (95% CI 0.06–0.65). Conclusions In conclusion, the TRS showed a high sensitivity, making it useful in identifying patients at risk of developing QT c interval prolongation. Furthermore, patients categorized as low risk by the tool can be considered as having minimal risk of developing QT c interval prolongation. Given the tool's low specificity, it does not reliably identify all patients at low risk of QT c interval prolongation.
Prevalence of low Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder prevalent among both developed and developing countries. Irritable Bowel Syndrome has been linked to many diseases and conditions. Very few studies of vitamin D deficiency status have been done in Nepalese population. This study aims to find out the prevalence of low levels of Vitamin D in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome attending the outpatient department of a tertiary center.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome attending the outpatient department of Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal between 15, June 2024 to 20, august 2024. Ethical approval was taken from Bharatpur Hospital (Ref: 081/82-045). Sample size is 71. Data collection tools for self-administered questionnaire, the collected data was entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.ResultsOut of a total of 71 patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the prevalence of low levels of vitamin D insufficiency was seen in 36 (50.7%) and deficiency was seen in 35 (49.3%). Clinical features were studied in the vitamin D deficient and vitamin D insufficient patients which included weakness, altered bowel habits, pain abdomen and lower back pain. Levels of vitamin D in IBS, the study of the stool frequencies showed most common to be once in more than 2 days numbered as 17 (24.0%).Conclusions Based on the findings of the study it concludes that low Vitamin D levels among patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Vitamin D deficient and vitamin D insufficient patients which included weakness, altered bowel habits, pain abdomen and lower back pain.
Design, Synthesis,\nand Biological Evaluation of a\nPotent Dual EZH2–BRD4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Some Solid\nTumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) mediates the trimethylation\nof histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) to promote gene silencing. Inhibition\nof EZH2 is a viable strategy for cancer treatment; however, only a\nsmall subset of hematological malignancies are sensitive to small-molecule\nEZH2 inhibitors. EZH2 inhibitors cause H3K27 acetylation in most solid\ntumors, leading to drug resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein\n4 (BRD4) inhibitors were reported to enhance the sensitivity of solid\ntumors to EZH2 inhibitors. Thus, we designed and evaluated a series\nof dual EZH2–BRD4 inhibitors. ZLD-2, the most promising compound,\nexhibited potent inhibitory activity against EZH2 and BRD4. Compared\nto the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126, ZLD-2 displayed potent antiproliferation\nactivity against breast, lung, bladder, and pancreatic cancer cells.\nIn vivo, ZLD-2 exhibited antitumor activity in a BxPC-3 mouse xenograft\nmodel, whereas GSK126 promoted tumor growth. Thus, ZLD-2 may be a\nlead compound for treating solid tumors.
Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of nanolaminated Ti5Al2C3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Micro-Raman spectroscopic study and lattice dynamics calculations were conducted to study a recently identified layered ternary carbide, Ti5Al2C3. The experimental Raman shifts were remarkably consistent with the calculated values. Polarized Raman spectrum was collected in the polycrystalline sample, which confirmed the theoretical symmetry assignment of the Raman modes. In addition, the atomic vibrations of the peaks at 192 cm−1, 311 cm−1, and 660 cm−1 were identified to be the combination of the counterparts in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2.
Eff ect of the endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 knockdown on the expression of MAP3K5, MAP4K3, CIB1, RIPK1, and RIPK2 genes in U87 glioma cells and its hypoxic regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1)-mediated signaling pathway plays an important role in glioma growth through changing the numerous regulatory gene expressions. We studied the possible role of protein kinases MAP4K3, MAP3K5, RIPK1, and RIPK2 as well as protein kinase interacting protein CIB1 in suppression of U87 glioma cell proliferation upon ERN1 knockdown. Materials and Methods: The expression of MAP4K3, RIPK1, RIPK2, and CIB1genes was measured in human U87 glioma cells and its regulation by hypoxia in dependence of ERN1 enzyme function using quantitative PCR. Results: Blockade of ERN1 signaling enzyme function significantly decreases the expression level of genes encoding MAP4K3, RIPK2, and CIB1 in U87 glioma cells, but increases expression of RIPK1 gene. At the same time, the blockade of ERN1 signaling enzyme does not affect the expression of MAP3K5 gene in glioma cells. Hypoxia downregulates the expression level of MAP3K5, MAP4K3, RIPK1, and RIPK2 mRNAs in control glioma cells. However, inhibition of ERN1 affected hypoxia-mediated changes in expression of these kinase genes and their magnitude. Conclusion: Results of this investigation clearly demonstrated that the expression of MAP4K3, RIPK1, RIPK2, and CIB1genes in human U87 glioma cells relies on blockade of ERN1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and is mostly down-regulated by hypoxia in dependence of ERN1 enzyme function.
Educational differentiation in the pharmacy work force

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A model of the pharmacy work force in which pharmacists are differentiated and quantified on the basis of their professional education is described, and the model is used to analyze work force data for 1978 and 1987. The educational differentiation of the pharmacy work force was represented by a three-tiered pyramid in which the base, second, and third levels comprised pharmacists with a B.S. degree, a Pharm.D. degree, and residency or fellowship training, respectively. The number of pharmacists at each level was tabulated for 1978 and 1987 by using data from the National Center for Health Statistics, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, ASHP, and other sources. In 1987, as in 1978, more than 90% of pharmacists had no formal training beyond the B.S. degree. However, the proportion of pharmacists with Pharm.D. degrees did increase from 1 in 30 to 1 in 16, and proportionately more pharmacists were receiving post-Pharm.D. training. Large state and regional differences were seen in the number and educational level of pharmacists. Differentiation in the physician and nursing work forces was examined; the physician work force was highly specialized, but nurses showed a more balanced differentiation. An increase in the demand for postgraduate training of pharmacists was projected. The educational differentiation model shows that the pharmacy work force is highly undifferentiated and that education at the Pharm.D. level should be emphasized. Such emphasis will increase the demand for residency and fellowship programs and improve the image of pharmacy as a profession.
Creation of Functional Recognition Molecules for Chemical Modification of Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Artificial molecules that exhibit specific recognition of duplex DNA have attracted great interest because of their potential application in the manipulation of gene expression. Specific chemical reactions to the target base within the predetermined site would secure selective inhibition at either translation or transcription reactions. A more interesting application would be to alter the reacted base structure to induce a point mutation. In our study, we have focused our efforts on: 1) development of new cross-linking molecules with high efficiency as well as high selectivity; 2) establishment of a new molecular basis for the formation of nonnatural triplexes; and 3) synthetic approaches to the new minor groove binders. This paper summarizes our recent results using two new functional molecules: 2-amino-6-vinylpurine derivatives as new cross-linking agents; and W-shaped nucleic acid analogues as new recognition molecules for the formation of nonnatural-type triplexes.
Evaluating antibiotic stewardship and healthcare-associated infections surveillance assisted by computer: protocol for an interrupted time series study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing health threats that mankind faces now and in the coming decades. Antibiotic resistance leads to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs and increased mortality. In order to tackle antibiotic resistance, we will implement in our tertiary care university hospital a computerised-decision support system (CDSS) facilitating antibiotic stewardship and an electronic surveillance software (ESS) facilitating infection prevention and control activities. We describe the protocol to evaluate the impact of the CDSS/ESS combination in adult inpatients. Methods and analysis We conduct a pragmatic, prospective, single-centre, before–after uncontrolled study with an interrupted time-series analysis 12 months before and 12 months after the introduction of the CDSS for antibiotic stewardship (APSS) and ESS for infection surveillance (ZINC). APSS and ZINC will assist, respectively, the antibiotic stewardship and the infection prevention and control teams of Nancy University Hospital (France). We will evaluate the impact of the CDSS/ESS on the antibiotic use in adult (≥18 years) inpatients (hospitalised ≥48 hours). The primary outcome is the prescription rate by all healthcare professionals from the hospital of all systemic antibiotics expressed in defined daily doses/1000 patients/month. Concurrently, we will assess the safety of the intervention, its impact on the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions and on additional precautions (isolation precautions) as recommended in guidelines, and on bacterial epidemiology (multidrug-resistant bacteria and Clostridioides difficile infections) in the hospital. Finally, we will evaluate the users’ satisfaction and the cost of this intervention from the hospital perspective. Ethics and dissemination The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Nancy University Hospital and registered on the ClinicalTrials platform. Results will be disseminated through conferences’ presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT04976829 .
‘The authenticity movement can become a positivistic purgatory, literalistic and dehumanizing’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article 'The authenticity movement can become a positivistic purgatory, literalistic and dehumanizing' Get access Richard Taruskin Richard Taruskin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume 12, Issue 1, February 1984, Pages 3–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/12.1.3 Published: 01 February 1984
Monitoring the Effects of the Supply Chain Management in South Russia Spatial Socio-Economic System

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract- The article considers the genesis of monitoring supply chain management effects and describes its types and content, such as socio-economic monitoring, credit monitoring, financial monitoring, taxpayer monitoring and banking monitoring. The monitoring tasks that need to be achieved in order to achieve the goal are defined: continuous monitoring of the state of business processes and obtaining operational information about them; combining information flows generated by different departments of the monitoring enterprise; timely identification of the changes taking place within the process and the factors that caused them; prevention of negative trends; short-term forecasting of the development of critical processes in the enterprise; assessment for the situation for timely decision-making on the planning and implementation of effective activities. The authors proposed and justified a system of indicators, which allows assessing and analyzing the degree of efficiency of development of enterprises of light industry. It included several groups of indicators combined in overall content. On the basis of the available accounting data and additional primary information obtained directly from ten light industry enterprises of the Southern Federal District, a monitoring study of their activities was carried out.
A failure criterion for RC members under triaxial compression

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The reliable pushover analysis of RC structures requires a realistic prediction of moment-curvature relations, which can be obtained by utilizing proper constitutive models for the stress-strain relationships of laterally confined concrete members. Theoretical approach of Mander is still a single stress-strain model, which employs a multiaxial failure surface for the determination of the ultimate strength of confined concrete. Alternatively, this paper introduces a simple and practical failure criterion for confined concrete with emphasis on introduction of significant modifications into the two-parameter Drucker-Prager model. The new criterion is only applicable to triaxial compression stress state which is exactly the case in the RC columns. Unlike many existing multi-parameter criteria proposed for the concrete fracture, the model needs only the compressive strength of concrete as an independent parameter and also implies for the influence of the Lode angle on the material strength. Adopting Saenz equation for stress-strain plots, satisfactory agreement between the measured and predicted results for the available experimental test data of confined normal and high strength concrete specimens is obtained. Moreover, it is found that further work involving the confinement pressure is still encouraging since the confinement model of Mander overestimates the ultimate strength of some RC columns.
Fungal community composition varies spatially in a commercial potato field in response to soil properties and topographic features

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The factors influencing the spatial distribution of fungal communities are commonly examined over large spatial scales but not at smaller scales. Given this, the extent to which soil properties and topographic features contribute to the diversity and distribution of fungal communities in an agricultural field needs to be further explored. We investigated the spatial distribution of soil fungal community composition from an ∼1100 m long transect with 83 sampling points in a commercial potato field with a rolling landform. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota showed medium to strong spatial dependence with an autocorrelation range varying from ∼43 to 92 m, similar to the autocorrelation range of soil properties and topographic features. Most of the variability in fungal and saprotrophic community composition was explained by soil properties (15% and 11%, respectively) and spatial distance (16% and 15%, respectively) while topographic features contributed 8% and 5% of variability to total fungi and saprotrophic community composition, respectively. The fungal and saprotrophic community compositions were correlated with soil organic carbon, pH, and slope curvature, however, richness and Pielou’s evenness of the fungal communities and fungal biomass were not correlated with soil properties or topographic features. The results suggest that the spatial variation in fungal and saprotrophic community composition in response to soil properties and topographic features in this agricultural landscape was due to differences in assemblages of fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) but not in differences in the number of fungal ASVs or fungal biomass measured using phospholipids fatty acids.
PowerPoint Slides for: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Activates the Transforming Growth Factor-β/SMAD3 Pathway in Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Kidney injury, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, is a worldwide health problem. Hypoxia and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are well-known factors that promote kidney injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and SMAD3 are their main downstream transcriptional factors. Hypoxia-HIF pathway and TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway play a crucial role in the progression of kidney injury. However, reports on their interactions are limited, and the global transcriptional regulation under their control is almost unknown. Methods: Kidney tubular epithelial cells were cultured and stimulated by hypoxia and TGF-β. We detected global binding sites of HIF-1α and SMAD3 in cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq), and measured the gene expression using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). ChIP-quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantitatively evaluate bindings of SMAD3. Results: ChIP-Seq revealed that 2,065 and 5,003 sites were bound by HIF-1α and SMAD3, respectively, with 614 sites co-occupied by both factors. RNA-Seq showed that hypoxia and TGF-β stimulation causes synergistic upregulation of 249 genes, including collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1, which are well-known to be involved in fibrosis. Ontology of the 249 genes implied that the interaction of HIF-1α and SMAD3 is related to biological processes such as fibrosis. ChIP-qPCR of SMAD3 at HIF-1α binding sites near COL1A1 and SERPINE1 indicated that HIF-1α promotes the bindings of SMAD3, which is induced by TGF-β. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HIF-1α induced by hypoxia activates the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. This mechanism may promote kidney injury, especially by upregulating genes related to fibrosis.
Advances on photoconductive InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice long-wavelength infrared detectors for high operating temperature

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The fabrication and characterization of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetectors for high operating temperature (HOT) are assessed regarding possible device yield. We investigate laterally-operated photoconductors with a detector cutoff wavelength in the LWIR at an operating temperature accessible with 3-stage thermoelectric cooling, realized by suitably tailoring the layer composition. Type-II superlattices with a layer composition of 14 monolayers InAs and 7 monolayers GaSb are grown on semi-insulating 3-inch GaAs substrates. We report on the growth of three different buffer layer variants that serve as growth templates for GaSb-based layers on GaAs substrates. The characterization of 75 nominally equal single element detectors per sample evidences the reliability of device processing. The electro-optical evaluation of a randomly chosen subset indicates a high uniformity of responsivity and noise of LWIR InAs/GaSb HOT photoconductors. At 210 K, the devices operate at a cutoff wavelength of 10.5 μm and achieve a mean peak spectral detectivity of 3.3 × 108 Jones.
Estimating Evapotranspiration of Western Kentucky using SEBAL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Evapotranspiration is a vital aspect of the hydrological cycle, concerning 15% of the atmosphere's water vapor. Landsat ETM+, a USGS satellite, collects multispectal data of the Earth, with a return interval of 16 days. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) is a model used to identify and quantify fluctuating hydrological energy. This project utilized cloud-free Landsat ETM+ data to calculate and quantify evapotranspiration of Western Kentucky in 1999 and 2002. The evapotranspiration values were then compared to land cover values to identify if land cover change has a significant effect on evapotranspiration.
Research Progress of Interferon in the Treatment of Liver Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death.It is characterized by high incidence, poor prognosis, and high recurrence rates.Most patients are in an advanced stage when they seek treatment, and the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory.Interferon (IFNs) is a kind of cytokine with anti-virus, inhibition of cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis, which has the advantages of improving cure rate, safe withdrawal of the drug, achieving sustained nontherapeutic immune response, reducing the incidence of liver cancer and avoiding the occurrence of drug resistance, delaying the progression of disease and improving the quality of life.Recent studies have found that IFNs can prevent the occurrence of viral hepatitis-related liver cancer and the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer after surgery.Still, at the same time, there are also adverse reactions.This article reviews the mechanism of action, treatment, and adverse reactions of IFNs in liver cancer.