jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The correlation between maternal hypomagnesemia and preterm labour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Preterm birth is defined as all births before 37 weeks completed, which is a major cause of neonatal death and significant cause of long term loss of human potential amongst survivors. The objective of this study was to verify the correlation between low maternal serum magnesium level and preterm delivery.Methods: one hundred patients who admitted into the labour room of the hospital due to preterm labour (28-36+6 weeks of gestation) whose etiology could not be explained by etiological factors were enrolled in this prospective case-control study during the period from June 2013 to June 2014. And another 80 women of comparable gestational age who were referred to the consultation clinic of our hospital for achieving prenatal care or for causes other than preterm labour, provided only those whose birth occurred after 37th week considered as a control group. Serum magnesium level was measured in both groups.Results: Women in preterm labour had a significantly reduced serum magnesium level (mean1.552 mg/dl with a S.D. of 0.658 versus 1.81 mg/dl with a SD of 0.735) for those delivered at term (p<0.032). Number of patients with Preterm labour who gave of history of muscle cramps were significantly greater than those delivered at term (p<0.00193). Percentage of patients with preterm labour belonging to low socio-economic class was significantly higher than the upper and middle socio-economic classes (p<0.041).Conclusions: Serum magnesium level can be used as a predicting tool for idiopathic preterm labour.
Bristol from Below: Law, Authority and Protest in a Georgian City, by Steve Poole and Nicholas Rogers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The modern history of Bristol has been relatively under-served in relation to its importance. Until the late eighteenth century, it was the kingdom’s second largest city and second port. After London, it remains the biggest city in England south of Birmingham, twice the size of its nearest rivals, Plymouth and Southampton, and often designated as the capital of the ‘south-west’, an unofficial but extensive region seen as stretching from Gloucester in the north to the far west of Cornwall. Bristol reached peak importance in the middle of the century as the premier Atlantic port, leaving rivals such as Liverpool and Glasgow trailing in its wake when its imports of rum, sugar and logwood were greater than Liverpool, Whitehaven and Glasgow combined. By the 1740s, Bristol also dominated the British Atlantic slave trade, delivering more than 36,000 enslaved persons to the plantations in that decade alone, almost twice as many as Liverpool. Bristol’s population and trade continued to grow thereafter, but relative decline was swift and precipitous. Bristol’s constricted position, improved port facilities elsewhere and a changing economic geography undermined its position. Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham had all overtaken Bristol in population by 1801 and had higher rates of growth. Bristol’s trading tonnage was eclipsed by Liverpool as early as 1772, was less than a third of its rival by 1791 and it had slipped to fifth in the port hierarchy in both tonnage and value by the 1830s.
Next Generation Autofocus and Optical Image Stabilization System for Camera Modules Using Magnetic Shape Memory Actuators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Currently, camera modules are used in a wide range of applications ranging from micropo-sitioning actuator systems used in smartphones to larger modules used in stationary cameras, CCTV, and others. Modern camera modules are required to perform positioning functions to improve the stability and quality of captured images. These functions mainly include the autofocus (AF) and optical image stabilization (OIS) functions. Traditionally, separate actuators and sensors are used for AF and OIS, each contributing towards energy consumption, module size, and manufacturing costs. This is particularly disadvantageous in the case of smartphones owing to their inherent space and battery charge limitations. This paper presents a novel Magnetic Shape Memory (MSM) actuator system that combines the AF and OIS functions, which are performed using two actuators; thus, this system is a simple, compact, and cost-effective solution to the drawbacks of conventional technology. Furthermore, the smart properties of MSM alloys reduce the energy consumption of these systems through the utilization of their inherent holding forces and the associated shape memory effect. The realization of AF and OIS functions is discussed and verified experimentally for the proposed actuator system using data obtained from a fabricated prototype.
Ruling the World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ruling the World tells the story of how the largest and most diverse empire in history was governed, everywhere and all at once. Focusing on some of the most tumultuous years of Queen Victoria's reign, Alan Lester, Kate Boehme and Peter Mitchell adopt an entirely new perspective to explain how the men in charge of the British Empire sought to manage simultaneous events across the globe. Using case studies including Canada, South Africa, the Caribbean, Australia, India and Afghanistan, they reveal how the empire represented a complex series of trade-offs between Parliament's, colonial governors', colonists' and colonised peoples' agendas. They also highlight the compromises that these men made as they adapted their ideals of freedom, civilization and liberalism to the realities of an empire imposed through violence and governed in the interests of Britons.
Controlled Synthesis of Porous Platinum Nanostructures for Catalytic Applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Porous platinum, that has outstanding catalytic and electrical properties and superior resistant characteristics to corrosion, has been widely applied in chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, electronic, and automotive industries. As the catalytic activity and selectivity depend on the size, shape and structure of nanomaterials, the strategies for controlling these factors of platinum nanomaterials to get excellent catalytic properties are discussed. Here, recent advances in the design and preparation of various porous platinum nanostructures are reviewed, including wet-chemical synthesis, electro-deposition, galvanic replacement reaction and de-alloying technology. The applications of various platinum nanostructures are also discussed, especially in fuel cells.
Identification and Quantitation of Changes in the\nPlatelet Activating Factor Family of\nGlycerophospholipids over the Course of Neuronal\nDifferentiation by High-Performance Liquid\nChromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem\nMass Spectrometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycerophospholipids are important structural lipids in\nmembranes with changes associated with progressive\nneurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease.\nSynthesis of the platelet activating factor (PAF) glycerophospholipid subclass is implicated in the control of\nneuronal differentiation and death. In this article, we\ncombine nanoflow HPLC and mass spectrometry to\nscreen, identify, and quantitate changes in glycerophospholipid subspecies, specifically PAF family members,\nover the course of neuronal differentiation. Furthermore,\nprecursor ion scans for fragments characteristic of PAF\nphosphocholine family members and the standard additions of PAF subspecies were combined to perform\nabsolute quantitation of PAF lipids in undifferentiated and\ndifferentiated PC12 cells. Surprisingly, a marked asymmetry was detected in the two predominant PAF species\n(C16:0, C18:0) over the course of differentiation. These\nresults describe a new technique for the sensitive analysis\nof lipids combining nanoflow HPLC, ESI-MS, and precursor ion scan. Limits of detection of as little as 2 pg of PAF\nand LPC were obtained, and analysis of the lipidome of\nas little as 70 000 cells was performed on this system.\nFurthermore, application to the PC12 model identified a\nquantifiable difference between PAF molecular species\nproduced over the course of neuronal differentiation.
Needlescopic sutureless repair of congenital inguinal hernia: A randomized controlled study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital inguinal hernia [CIH] can be treated laparoscopically using various methods documented in the literature. Many authors have recommended dividing the sac and stitching peritoneal defects. Other studies claimed that peritoneal disconnection alone is sufficient. In this study, the feasibility, operative time, recurrence rate, and other postoperative complications of needlescopic disconnection of the CIH sac with or without peritoneal defect suturing were compared. A prospective controlled randomized trial was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022. Two hundred and thirty patients who met the study requirements were included. Patients were assigned at random to either Group A or Group B. A group of 116 patients (Group A) had needlescopic separation of the neck of the sac and peritoneal defect closure. The remaining 114 patients (Group B) underwent needlescopic separation without peritoneal defect closure (Sutureless group). A total of 260 hernial defects in 230 patients were repaired using needlescopic disconnection with or without suturing of the defect. There were 89 females (38.7%) and 141 males (61.3%), with a mean age of 5.14 ± 2.79 years. In Group A, the mean operation time was 27.98 ± 2.89 for a unilateral hernia and 37.29 ± 4.68 for a bilateral one, whereas, in Group B, the mean operation time was 20.37 ± 2.37 and 23.38 ± 2.22 for a unilateral and bilateral hernia, respectively. In terms of the operating time, whether unilateral or bilateral, there was a significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between groups A and B in the mean Internal Ring Diameter [IRD], which was 1.21 ± 0.18 cm in group A and 1.19 ± 0.11 cm in group B. Throughout the follow-up period, there was no postoperative hydrocele formation, recurrence, iatrogenic ascending of the testes, or testicular atrophy. All patients had nearly invisible scars with no keloid development at 3 months follow-up. Needlescopically separating the hernia sac without stitching the peritoneal defect is feasible, safe, and less invasive. It provides outstanding cosmetic results with a short operative time and no recurrence.
The peripheral chemoreflex: indefatigable guardian of fetal physiological adaptation to labour

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The fetus is consistently exposed to repeated periods of impaired oxygen (hypoxaemia) and nutrient supply in labour. This is balanced by the healthy fetus's remarkable anaerobic tolerance and impressive ability to mount protective adaptations to hypoxaemia. The most important mediator of fetal adaptations to brief repeated hypoxaemia is the peripheral chemoreflex, a rapid reflex response to acute falls in arterial oxygen tension. The overwhelming majority of fetuses are able to respond to repeated uterine contractions without developing hypotension or hypoxic–ischaemic injury. In contrast, fetuses who are either exposed to severe hypoxaemia, for example during uterine hyperstimulation, or enter labour with reduced anaerobic reserve (e.g. as shown by severe fetal growth restriction) are at increased risk of developing intermittent hypotension and cerebral hypoperfusion. It is remarkable to note that when fetuses develop hypotension during such repeated severe hypoxaemia, it is not mediated by impaired reflex adaptation, but by failure to maintain combined ventricular output, likely due to a combination of exhaustion of myocardial glycogen and evolving myocardial injury. The chemoreflex is suppressed by relatively long periods of severe hypoxaemia of 1.5–2 min, longer than the typical contraction. Even in this setting, the peripheral chemoreflex is consistently reactivated between contractions. These findings demonstrate that the peripheral chemoreflex is an indefatigable guardian of fetal adaptation to labour. image
All-Optical Multi-Wavelength Conversion with Negative Power Penalty by a Commercial SOA-MZI for WDM Wavelength Multicast

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

WDM wavelength multicast is demonstrated by all-optical multi-wavelength conversion at 10 Gb/s using a commercial SOA-MZI. We report for the first time simultaneous one-to-four conversion with negative power penalty of 1.84 dB.
Agricultural Monitoring in Vojvodina, Serbia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset had been collected during the LandSense agricultural demonstration pilot, which focuses on leveraging the power of Earth Observation (EO) systems and advanced crowdsourcing techniques to deliver value added services to European farmers and public authorities in the agricultural sector. Pilot activities, led by INOSENS, were localized in Vojvodina province of Serbia and were implemented over two phases. During the Phase 1 campaign (Nov, 2017-Sep, 2018), agricultural high school students and master students from University of Novi Sad were actively involved in data collection. During the Phase 2 campaign (Feb-Oct, 2019), a group of individual farmers participated in the collecting of agricultural in-situ data. The mobile and web-based CropSupport application, developed by INOSENS was the primary tool for in-situ data collection related to crop type and farm management. Besides the functionalities for intuitive in-situ data collection, the application allows users to access (free of charge) information related to their land, such as weather forecast for the micro locations of their parcels, the LandSense Change Detection Service as well as processed satellite images that contain information on potential stress of crops due to exposure to pests, plant diseases, water scarcity or nutrient elements in the soil (e.g. NDVI, vegetation and moisture indexes). The datasets show the delineated parcels and crowdsourced in-situ photographs for crop type classification. Contributors:
1. High School students from (i) Srednja poljoprivredno-prehrambena škola “Stevan Petrović Brile”, Ruma; (ii) Poljoprivredna škola Bač, Bač.
2. Master Students from the University of Novi Sad
3. Farmers (“Club of farmers Selenca”, “Center for Organic production Selenca”and individual farmers from following villages: Srbobran, Zabalj) Associated files: CropSupport Attributes.csv, CropSupport images.csv, CropSupport images.geojson, CropSupport parcels.csv, CropSupport parcels.geojson This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. It is attributed to the LandSense Citizen Observatory, INOSENS, and SINERGISE. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 689812.
Bohemia in the Eighteenth Century: a Study in Political, Economic, and Social History with Special Reference to the Reign of Leopold II., 1790–1792. By Robert Joseph Kerner, Professor of Modern European History, University of California. (New York: Macmillan Company. 1932. Pp. xii, 412. $4.00.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bohemia in the Eighteenth Century: a Study in Political, Economic, and Social History with Special Reference to the Reign of Leopold II., 1790–1792. By Robert Joseph Kerner, Professor of Modern European History, University of California. (New York: Macmillan Company. 1932. Pp. xii, 412. $4.00.) Get access Bohemia in the Eighteenth Century: a Study in Political, Economic, and Social History with Special Reference to the Reign of Leopold II., 1790–1792. By Kerner Robert Joseph, Professor of Modern European History, University of California. (New York: Macmillan Company. 1932. Pp. xii, 412. $4.00.) Oscar Jászi Oscar Jászi Oberlin College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 38, Issue 3, April 1933, Pages 544–545, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/38.3.544 Published: 01 April 1933
3D Grain Reconstruction from Boxscan Data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A method for reconstructing the 3D shape of a single grain in a polycrystal from far-field-diffraction data is presented. The reconstruction is performed using an iterative algorithm, algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), to solve a linear system of equations obtained from data from the Boxscan technique. The Boxscan technique is a 3D X-ray diffraction-type scanning technique, which - in geometric tomography terms - provides 2-dimensional X-rays of the object as data. In this paper, we report on the first experimental 3D grain shape reconstruction based on a beta-titanium sample. By comparing our results to high-resolution phase contrast tomography, we find that the average error on the position of the grain boundary in this sample is 2.7 micrometers for a grain radius of 17 micrometers. This result is similar to other current methods.
Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of a Novel Herpesvirus from the Trachea of Two Stranded Common Loons (Gavia immer)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Two wild adult Common Loons (Gavia immer) were evaluated after being found stranded in mainland north-central Florida on separate occasions. On the basis of upper airway endoscopic and cytologic findings, we diagnosed severe ulcerative tracheitis antemortem in one of the birds while more subtle lesions were observed in the other. A novel herpesvirus was detected in antemortem tracheal samples using nested consensus PCR amplification of the polymerase gene and sequencing. Despite prolonged intensive medical care, the bird with severe lesions failed to improve and was euthanized 9 days after endoscopy. No viral inclusions were evident histologically in the lesions. However, an undulating tracheal mucosa in a "mountain ridge" pattern, resulting from epithelial regeneration and hyperplasia, was present, as is seen in the late stages of infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens. The second bird recovered and was released. The genetic distance between this and other characterized herpesviruses supports placement of this virus as a novel species, referred to as Gaviid herpesvirus 1 (GavHV1). Phylogenetically, GavHV1 clusters within the genus Iltovirus. The relationship between the observed lesions and the virus remains to be demonstrated.
The Unistratal Concept of Plant Communities (the Unions)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is unlikely that even two species can be found which agree exactly in all their habitat requirements. If, e.g., species 1-7 (Fig. 1) occur together, and hence their roots occupy the same soil horizon, the water content of the soil must be somewhere between a and b and the pH between c and d. Thus the range of fluctuation of a given factor of the habitat in regard to a plant community is always less than the amplitude of fluctuation of the same factor for the extreme species of the same community (Olsen, 1921; Kotilainen, 1928). l l l
Cloning of a DNA fragment involved in pigment production in Streptomyces avermitilis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Streptomyces avermitilis has the ability to synthesize a diffusible, brown, melanin-like pigment, a common property among many Streptomyces species. A region of the S. avermitilis chromosome involved in the production of this pigment was cloned in Escherichia coli. Production of the brown pigment was attained in E. coli, and is optimal when medium is supplemented with copper ions, tyrosine and IPTG. The cloned S. avermitilis pigment-producing DNA fragment is under the control of the lac promoter carried in the E. coli vector. The gene involved in pigment production could be used as a tool to analyse gene expression in S. avermitilis, and as an alternative cloning marker in Streptomyces-Escherichia coli vectors.
Asymmetrical /C-13/O lines in dark clouds - Evidence for contraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (11) References (21) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Asymmetrical 13CO lines in dark clouds: evidence for contraction. Myers, P. C. Abstract Four 13CO spectra having similar and asymmetrical shapes (blueshifted peaks) were observed with 30 kHz resolution toward TMC2 and Ll34N. A radiative transfer model of a symmetric cloud indicates that each cloud is contracting along the two observed lines of sight. Contraction onto a static core fits the observed 13CO and C18O lines slightly better than contraction with œÖ ‚àù r. The contraction speed ‚àº0.7 km s-1 and velocity dispersion ‚àº0.3 km s-1 are consistent with a 15 K cloud having a free-fall envelope and sonic turbulence. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: December 1980 DOI: 10.1086/158532 Bibcode: 1980ApJ...242.1013M Keywords: Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Monoxide; Contraction; Emission Spectra; Interstellar Gas; Molecular Clouds; Radiative Transfer; Astronomical Maps; Astronomical Models; Gas Density; Line Shape; Molecular Excitation; Sound Waves; Stellar Evolution; Astronomy full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (4)
Circulating microRNA-126 as an independent risk predictor of coronary artery disease: A case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

context circulating microRNAs (miR) have revolutionized the field of molecular biology owing to their potential as a diagnostic as well as a prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular disease and dysfunctions. the present study aims to identify the circulating miR-126 and -122 as an independent risk predictors of coronary artery disease cases. methods and material Blood samples were collected from coronary artery disease cases (n=100) and non-CAD cases (n=100). Serum RNA was isolated by Trizol method. MiR levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with the specific primer probe set. results MiR-126 levels were significantly down-regulated in CAD cases compared to non-CAD cases (controls) (80.0% vs. 39.0%, X2=14.95, p&lt;0.001). the level of miR-122 was significantly up-regulated in CAD cases in comparison to its non-CAD variant (14.0% vs. 63.0%, X2=21.23, p&lt;0.001). multivariate analysis found chest pain (OR=37.07, 95% CI=3.21-169.04, p=0.017) and miR-126 (OR=0.01, 95% CI=0.00-0.63, p=0.030) as independent risk predictors of CAD. conclusion the results of our study show the potential of circulating miR-126 as a novel non-invasive biomarker in the risk prediction of CAD. Further unraveling of the role of miR-122 and miR-126 in the pathogenesis and progression of CAD will add to our understanding of the disease process leading to a new diagnostic approach.