jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolism in an Alzheimer mouse model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly, is a global issue affecting about 24 million individuals. Because AD is a systemic pathology, dementia is not the only leading factor contributing to loss of independence in AD patients. AD may also impair skeletal muscle metabolism and function. Creatine (CR) supplementation may enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy/mass and function in sarcopenia and muscular dystrophies, but has yet to be studied in AD. This study examined the effect of oral CR on muscle metabolism in a triple-transgenic (3xTg) AD mouse model. Twenty-four, 3×Tg AD mice (~8 month-old) were randomly assigned to control (CON) or CR (3% w/w) diet. Bodyweights and feed intakes were measured throughout the 8-week study. Lower limb (quadriceps muscle; QM and gastrocnemius; GM) and upper limb muscles (triceps; TM) were collected to analyze levels of CR, total protein, DNA, RNA, amino acids (AA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), total and phosphorylated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K). Data (mean ± SEM) were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test. In comparison to the CON group, CR supplementation increased CR content in both GM (p=0.002) and QM (p=0.037), with higher (p=0.032) ATP/ADP ratio in CR in comparison with CON in QM. A higher protein concentration (p<0.0001) was notable in GM of CR supplemented group vs. CON. Total branched-chain AA levels in QM increased 2-fold (p< 0.0001) in CR groups. Additionally, CR resulted in a higher (p<0.05) protein/DNA ratio; an index of muscle cell size, in both QM and GM for CR groups. The index of cell capacity for protein synthesis (RNA/DNA ratio) in GM was also higher (p=0.001) in CR groups. However, phosphorylation (activation) level of p70S6K, an integral component in protein synthesis signalling pathway, did not show any significant differences in female (p=0.161) and male (p=0.292) CR supplemented groups compared with CON. To conclude, CR supplementation is capable of inducing muscle hypertrophy/growth parameters in the 3×Tg AD mouse model, thereby enhancing protein synthesis capacity in skeletal muscles, thus possibly promoting muscle function in AD.
The linguistic purism of Jozo Dujmušić

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The following paper will try to present and contextualize Dujmušić’s linguistic contributions to the preservation of the Croatian language. Works on linguistic purism may be classified according to Thomas’s categorization of puristic activity (1991). Dujmušić’s “Antibarbarus hrvatskoga jezika” is one of the most interesting and also one of the most extensive studies in the field of linguistic purism. The work is quite compelling, not only because of its obscurity in linguistic circles, but also due to the fact that during the Vukovian and anti-Vukovian opposition, Dujmušić had been an advocate of the weaker, anti-Vukovian party. Ever since, there has been no scientific response to Dujmušić’s work – his linguistic contributions are yet to be represented and evaluated.
Critical evaluation of semi-empirical methods for calculating molecular diffusion coefficients

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Various methods for determining molecular diffusion coefficients have been evaluated and compared for a range of different chemical compounds. It was shown that electrochemical methods have a larger error compared to non-electrochemical methods. A critical analysis of the molecular volumes obtained by quantum chemical modeling at the semi-empirical level showed that the PM6-D3 method was the most accurate for calculating the diffusion coefficients. The results obtained using the PM6-D3 Hamiltonian correlated with experimental data and the results of calculations using the ABC method (R = 0.99). Among the six equations relating the diffusion coefficient to molecular volume, the Hayduk-Laudie equation was found to have an error of less than 8%, which is comparable to the error in determining this parameter experimentally. Thus, this model allows accurate theoretical predictions of diffusion coefficients for inorganic ions, macromolecules, and carbon nanomaterials, provided that the structure of the molecule/nanoparticle is sufficiently rigid.&#xD;
Unusual heavy landings of dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurusat Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heavy landing of the dolphinfish, Coryphaena
hippurus was observed in hooks and lines at
Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour on 12th October,
2012 (Fig 1a & b) . Around 7,245 kg of C. hippurus
was landed by 90 units on that day. This is the first
instance of such huge landing of the dolphinfish at
Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbor. In addition to
C. hippurus, other species landed were Thunnus
albacares (3717 kg), Makaira indica (1710 kg),
Megalaspis cordyla (1692 kg), Euthynnus affinis
(1170 kg), Katsuwonus pelamis (828 kg) and
Scomberomorus guttatus (351 kg).
Freeze‐fracture study of the large myelinated club ending synapse on the goldfish Mauthner cell: Special reference to the quantitative analysis of gap junctions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The large myelinated club endings (LMCEs) of primary eighth nerve afferents form mixed synapses on the lateral dendrite of the giant Mauthner cell. The double replica freeze‐fracture technique was employed to examine the intramembrane fine structure of these LMCE synapses. Morphological correlates of both chemical and electrical transmission were found at the LMCE synapses. Electrical synaptic junctions, or gap junctions, were located over much (10‐20%) of the synaptic contact. These were seen in both preand postsynaptic membrane as tightly packed P face particle aggregates and corresponding aggregates of E face pits. Specializations characteristic of chemical synaptic junctions were most prominent at the periphery of the synaptic contact. These specializations consisted of postsynaptic E face particle aggregates which were subjacent to presynaptic active zones. The active zones were distinguishable as regions with an increased density of large particles and vesicle attachment sites represented by P face depressions and E face protuberances. Quantitative analysis of gap junction particle (connexon) number at five LMCEs revealed 24,000‐106,000 connexons per LMCE. Comparison with data from electrophysiological studies of single LMCEs indicates that only a small fraction of the connexon channels are open at any given time during electrotonic transmission at an LMCE synapse.
Epidemiological profile of newborns´ mothers admitted to a public neonatal unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile newborns´ mothers hospitalized in a public neonatal unit. Methods: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study of 57 mothers and 58 infants who were admitted to the neonatal unit. Results: it was observed that most of the women had unfavorable sociodemographic conditions, had intercurrences during pregnancy and although most of them had performed the recommended number of prenatal consultations, the hospitalization of the newborn in a specialized unit leads to questioning the quality of this care. Conclusion: a risk profile for admission of newborns in a specialized unit was identified, since most of the women had unfavorable sociodemographic conditions and presented intercurrences during pregnancy.
A Study of the Compaction Effect of Expansive Admixture for the Development of an Expansive Compaction Packer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although permeating injection is ideal for grouting reservoir embankments, it is usually combined with fracturing injection for grouting, which can disturb the original soil. Compaction with low expansive pressure followed by grout injection can overcome this problem. An expansive compaction (EC) packer was developed in this work to easily apply sequential injection and compaction at a work site. Furthermore, to achieve compaction around the grouting hole, a mixture of expansive admixtures and grout was injected with the EC packer to trigger an increase in volume of the grout material. This work verifies the compaction effect of the EC packer and the expansive admixture. It reports the concepts of the EC packer, the range of expansive compaction, the effectiveness of injection, and the results of indoor tests performed to verify the effectiveness of the expansive admixtures. The indoor testing comprised a preparatory test and the main test. The preparatory test assessed the admixtures for their compaction effects, while the main test measured and analyzed the admixtures' expansive force, pressure, and compaction effect with a mold to verify the effectiveness of the compaction effect.
Dentale erosjoner - forekomst, registrering, årsaker, genetikk og prinsipper for behandling

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

English summary An update on erosive tooth wear - prevalence, registration, etiology, genetic and treatment principles [[Nor Tannlegeforen Tid 2019; 129: ]]452-64 Dental erosive wear causes an irreversible, progressive loss of dental hard tissue that does not originate from bacteria. The prevalence of dental erosive wear among Norwegian 16-18 year olds is reported to vary between 32-64%, with most of the lesions restricted to the enamel. Many clinicians experience diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment as challenging. Anamnestic information, clinical examination, clinical photos, study models, and a grading system are all helpful tools when diagnosing erosive tooth wear. Risk factors are usually divided into external and internal, where the intake of acidic foods and beverages, and presence of gastrointestinal disturbances are considered to be the most dominant. Results from recent studies indicate that the susceptibility to erosive tooth wear differs between individuals, and that this is influenced by genetic variation. Patients at risk may need more protection than others by intense modification of risk factors and use of certain protective products. There is no standard treatment for damages caused by erosive tooth wear, and choice of treatment strategy should be determined on individual basis with emphasis on the minimal invasive intervention.
Industrial power system automation: Synergistic benefits of integrating protection, instrumentation and control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advances in microprocessor technology have resulted in greater performance at decreasing cost. This technology is being successfully applied to protection, instrumentation, and control of industrial power systems. Integrating these functions through data communications results in a synergism, such that the collective benefits exceed those which are achievable individually. The authors explore the various ways in which industrial power users may benefit through reduced energy costs, more efficient utilization of power distribution equipment, and improved power system reliability. It is anticipated that users will use these examples as catalysts for discovering additional innovative applications.< >
[Pathology and control of virus-induced enteritis in calves].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Considerable economic loss can arise from virus-caused enteritis in calves, in the form of so-called infectious factor diseases, which often develop more seriously when bacterial organisms, such as E. coli become involved. Rota-, corona- and parvoviruses are of particular interest. These pathogens have a marked predilection for intestinal epithelium. Rotavirus destroys the epithelial cells of the upper parts of the villi. Coronavirus penetrates to the base of the small intestinal villi and the superficial and crypt colonic epithelium is frequently affected. Infection of the small intestinal crypt epithelium is characteristic of parvovirus; loss of epithelium at the villus tip is also observed. Damage of the mucosa results in a reduction in digestive and absorbing capacity. It is not possible to treat these virus strains specifically. Great importance is therefore attached to the vaccination of dams as immune prophylaxis. Consumption of sufficient colostrum and milk from vaccinated dams affords the calves good protection. The mechanism is based on the presence of milk antibodies in the calf's intestine which neutralise orally ingested pathogens.
Ekolohichni ta enerhoefektyvni pidkhody do zabezpechennia innovarsiinoho rozvytku munitsypalnohoi transportnoi lohistyky

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Introduction. Climate change, limitation of natural energy resources indicate the increasing role of ecological and energy security. The actual issue is the usage of ecological types of transport, improving the municipal transport management system. According to this, the article is devoted to research of innovative directions of development of municipal transport logistics based on sustainable development principles.Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific and economic-statistical methods: analysis, synthesis, statistical method – to investigate the international experience of reforming the transport system; inductions and deductions – to determine directions of development of municipal transport logistics of Ukraine; abstract-logical, economic-mathematical programming – to evaluate the conditions of the using ecological and energy efficient approaches to providing innovative development of the transport system in cities.Results. The article investigates the international experience of reforming the transport system on the basis of municipal ecology and development of «smart» cities. In the context of the using ecological and energy efficient approaches to reforming municipal transport logistics, public transport, the topical issue is the development of algorithms for implementing the Internet of things and artificial intelligence into the transport system. The priority directions of innovative development of municipal transport logistics in Ukraine are the digitization of processes of traffic management, diversification of ecological and energy efficient types of transport, forming partnerships between energy service companies and transport service providers.The article evaluates the conditions of the using ecological and energy efficient approaches to providing innovative development of the transport system in cities. This process is aimed at optimization of the usage of ecological types of transport, highlighting common priorities of the transport logistics development. The modeling of relationship between the usage of ecological types of transport and the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere is considered. For the purpose of innovative development of municipal transport logistics on the principles of municipal ecology and energy efficiency, the improvement of bicycle infrastructure in cities, the development of partnerships between energy service companies and public transport service providers are proposed.Discussion. The prospect of further research is to develop a model for optimizing the management of ecological and energy efficient transport in cities, developing partnerships between energy service companies and public transport service providers.
Trinitrotoluene and Other Nitroaromatic Compounds

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAS) have been developed for trinitrotoluene, trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene using polyclonal antibodies raised in New Zealand white rabbits. Nitro substituted benzoic and phenyl acetic acids were used as haptens by conversion to the correspond NHS esters followed by coupling to protein carriers.The antibodies which were developed to 1,3-dinitroaromatic haptens had the greatest specificity and sensitivity when the nitroaromatic analytes contained a 1,3-dinitro functionality. In one ELISA system a lower detection limit for various l,3-dinitroaromatics analytes of 1 ng/mL with an I50 of 5 ng/mL was observed. No cross reactivity with mononitroaromatic compounds was observed. Antibodies developed to mononitroaromatic haptens showed high affinity for a variety of coating antigens but would not compete with nitroaromatic analytes in a normal ELISA.
Multiple Screening Clinics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

heights of children of parents whose mean height was 69.5 in.-that is, above average stature.In the frequency series 1, 16, 4, 17, 27, 20, 33, 25, 20, 11, 4, 5, which he quotes, there are three prominent peaks.These he ignores, saying no one has paid any attention to them, that such variation is " natural with such small numbers " (actually the chance of this being so is less than 1: 100), and possibly because they were not what he was looking for.I contend that he should have been look- ing for multimodality, and in 1963 I tested this contention on the heights of 760 univer- sity students and their parents.The results, which supported the view put forward here, were published in the Lancet' in a column adjacent to a letter from Sir George and under the same heading.It is interesting that these results find no place in his recent lecture and bibliography.
Potential distribution of marsupials (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in Mexico under 2 climate change scenarios

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Climate change is one of the main threats to biodiversity in the 21st century. However, the effects that it may have on different mammal species are unknown, making it difficult to implement conservation strategies. In this paper, we used species distribution models (SDM) to assess the effect of global climate change on the potential distribution of the 8 of the 9 marsupial species in Mexico, and analyzed their distribution in the current system of natural protected areas (NPAs). We used presence records for each species and bioclimatic variables from the present and the future (2050 and 2080) with 2 contrasting possible scenarios (representative concentration pathways RCP 4.5 and 8.5). We found that Tlacuatzin canescens would have the most stable potential range under any climate change scenario, while the remaining species (Caluromys derbianus, Chironectes minimus, Didelphis marsupialis, D. virginiana, Philander opossum, Marmosa mexicana, and Metachirus nudicaudatus) would undergo notable range losses in the future, though there would not only be losses—according to our SDMs, for all species there would be some range gain under the different climate scenarios, assuming the vegetation cover remained. The current system of NPAs in Mexico currently protects and under the 2 future scenarios would protect less than 20% of the potential range of marsupials, so a reevaluation of their areas beyond the NPAs is highly recommended for the long-term conservation of this group. Our results provide relevant information on the estimated effects of global climate change on marsupials, allowing us to design more effective methodologies for the protection of this portion of the mammalian fauna in Mexico.
[Radiographic measurement of the total pulmonary capacity: comparison of 2 planimetric methods].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We analyzed accuracy and reproducibility of a radiographic method for calculation of total lung capacity (TLC) from the sum of pulmonary area. Pulmonary area from a routine postero-anterior and lateral chest radiography was measured by two methods: using a planimeter (standard) and with a virgin radiographic plaque with lines separating squares of 1cm per side. Plethismographic TLC was obtained adding the functional residual capacity to inspiratory capacity. We studied 13 healthy subjects (mean age of 30 years, eight males), 13 with interstitial lung disease (mean age of 45 years, two males) and 12 with chronic bronchitis or emphysema (mean age of 63 years, three males). Measured TLC varied from 1.9 to 7.2 liters. The linear regression equation found was: TLC = 0.007 total lung area (cm2) 0.572, R = 0.906, P less than 0.001 which is very similar to that reported by Harris et al.8 Interobserver variability in the measurement was very small taking into account that no efforts were made to uniformize the observers. Main interobserver differences were in the tracing of the lung limits, and not in the actual measurement of the lung area. We found no differences between the two methods for measuring lung area except that the planimeter is faster and more reproducible. Radiographic method for measuring TLC is accurate and available in most places.
Data Normalization in NMR-based Metabolomics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this article is to summarize recent bioinformatic and statistical developments applicable to NMR-based metabolomics. Extracting relevant information from large multivariate datasets by statistical data analysis strategies may be of considerable complexity. Typical tasks comprise for example classification of specimens, identification of differentially produced metabolites, and estimation of fold changes. In this context it is of prime importance to minimize contributions from unwanted biases and experimental variance prior to these analyses. This is the goal of data normalization. Therefore, special emphasize is given to different data normalization strategies. In the first part, we will discuss the requirements and the pros and cons for a variety of commonly applied strategies. In the second part, we will concentrate on possible solutions in case that the requirements for the standard strategies are not fulfilled. In the last part, very recent developments will be discussed that allow reliable estimation of metabolic signatures for sample classification without prior data normalization. In this contribution special emphasis will be given to techniques that have worked well in our hands.
APDH and IHRDA v Mali: recent developments in the jurisprudence of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present article aims at providing an overview of the new developments in the jurisprudence of the African Court on Human and People’s Rights (ACtHPR). In particular this article will focus on two important aspects that have been recently addressed in the case of APDH and IHRDA v Mali, namely the ever-expanding breadth of the Court’s material jurisdiction and the bolder implementation of its remedial power. It is argued that the approach adopted by the ACtHPR in relation to these two aspects departs from the previous case law and offers fresh insights into the progress made by the youngest regional human rights court over a very short amount of time.