jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome: A Descriptive Catalogue, Japonica-Sinica I–IV. By Albert Chan. [Armonk, NY and London: M.E. Sharpe, 2002. xliii+626 pp. $145.00. ISBN 0-7656-0828-6.]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Japonica–Sinica section of the Jesuit Archives in Rome is one of the most frequently consulted archives by scholars doing research on Christianity in China. Until now there existed only partial descriptions of these materials and innumerable quotations from “Jap.Sin” in the relevant contributions.
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL: IMPLICATIONS FROM THE RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The Rural Clean Water Program has provided a unique opportunity to study the economics of agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. Several implications for improving the economic efficiency of future agricultural nonpoint source pollution control programs can be drawn from the results. First, individual projects should be targeted towards water bodies that have water quality problems causing economic damages. Considerable variation can exist among areas in the magnitude of economic damages, which may not be proportional to physical impacts. Second, the relative costs and effectiveness of the practices selected to reduce the delivery of pollutants can vary dramatically from one location to another. Early identification and emphasis on cost‐effective BMPs can substantially reduce project costs and may make a project economically justifiable that would not otherwise be so. Finally, some projects that do not hive potential economic benefits from water quality improvements exceeding government cost may have on‐farm benefits from reduced costs and increased long‐term yields that are sufficient to make total benefits (water quality and on‐farm) exceed costs.
Relationality and Economic Empowerment: The Role of Men in Supporting and Undermining Women’s Pathways

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within development projects, empowerment is often construed in narrow terms, and increasingly in relation to economic empowerment. Feminist scholars have recently argued the need to bring back a more encompassing view of empowerment, which pays greater attention to relationality and changes in consciousness. In this article, we focus on one aspect of relationality – women’s relationships with men. Drawing on three case studies of women’s business success in Papua New Guinea, we argue men are pivotal in supporting and undermining women’s economic opportunities. Offering support to recent work on women’s empowerment which emphasizes both women’s relationships with men, and the specificity of contexts into account, our article contributes to current debates in gender and development.
Studies in Pre-diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MBRM -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IMI& ORA remembered that prothrombin estimations are essential for their control.The possibility of an urgent operation being necessary in a patient on dicoumarol or allied drugs has always been a drawback to their use.This drawback is largely overcome by the use of vitamin Ki.In considering the use of such a potent drug as vitamin K1 it must be remembered that the prompt restoration of the prothrombin to a normal, or near normal, level in a patient requiring the use of anticoagulants will inevitably restore the dangers of thrombo-embolism.Vitamin K1 must therefore be used with caution and only in cases where the danger of severe prothrombin deficiency overrides that of thrombo- embolism.This statement applies to the doses of vitamin K1 used in this report.Further work is in progress with smaller doses of vitamin Ki, which it is hoped will over- come a dangerous prothrombin deficiency that may arise from anticoagulant therapy but will not restore the pro- thrombin to a level where thrombo-embolism is likely.In using large doses of vitamin K1 it must also be remem- bered that the patient may become refractory to anti- coagulants and require much larger doses of the anticoagulant drug after the administration of the vitamin. SummaryIn 18 patients, vitamin K1, in a single oral dose of 500 mg., was completely effective in restoring a safe prothrombin level after a severe and prolonged pro- thrombin deficiency due to such anticoagulant drugs as dicoumarol, tromexan, and phenylindandione.This effect was evident within eight hours, and the action of the vitamin was apparent within four hours.In three cases of frank haemorrhage due to anti- coagulant drugs, an oral dose of vitamin Ki was in itself sufficient to stop bleeding in a matter of hours.I wish to thank Roche Products Ltd. for the generous supplies of the vitamin K, used in this work, and in particular Dr. F.
Risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition: concepts, interpretation, and evidence

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this comprehensive review is to explore the main concepts related to quantification and interpretation of risk factors and investigate characteristics associated with traumatic dental injuries ( TDI ) in the primary dentition. Initially, the main concepts related to causality and risk factors were summarized, including how to measure, express, and compare risk as well as interpret statistical significance. Based on a structured search through PubMed, original research articles regarding TDI and associated factors in the primary dentition were then reviewed by two examiners. Studies with a sample size of at least 300 children aged between 0 and 6 years were summarized according to journal, country, study design, and type of statistical analysis. Variables associated with TDI in primary teeth were identified from studies with multivariable analysis. Measures of effect size and P values were presented. Thirty‐two studies were retrieved: most were cross‐sectional in design and only 17 (53.1%) performed multivariable analysis. Most investigations did not find an association between gender and socioeconomic variables with TDI . Increased overjet was the only factor consistently identified as an associated factor. Behavioral characteristics have been recently investigated and suggested as potential risk factors for TDI in the primary dentition. In conclusion, increased overjet is undoubtedly associated with TDI in the primary dentition. As behavioral factors may be targeted by preventive strategies, their role on TDI occurrence should be clarified in future cohort studies. Clinicians should understand the terms and measures described in studies on risk factors to properly apply knowledge and benefit patients.
SIMPLE METHOD OF TEMPORARILY SPLINTING FRACTURE OF LONG BONE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An emergency measure for temporarily splinting fractures of shafts of the long bones, which I am unable to find mentioned in surgical textbooks, is as follows: That part of the leg, arm or forearm which is fractured is encircled with one of the large weekly periodicals and tightly secured with a bandage. This seems to immobilize the fractured bone satisfactorily until such time as the patient can receive proper treatment.
Microglia aggregates define distinct immune and neurodegenerative niches in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglia show strong associations with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology, forming cellular aggregates such as Aβ plaque-associated microglia (PaM). Using high-content neuropathology, we found another type of microglial aggregates, morphologically distinct and not associated with Aβ plaques, mainly localised in the pyramidal layer of the CA2/CA1 human hippocampal subfields of AD patients, namely Coffin-like microglia (CoM). This study aims to define the morphological, pathological and molecular signatures of hippocampal PaM and CoM in AD patients and their implication in disease progression. We mapped and profiled PaM, CoM and their neuropathological and astrocytic microenvironment using Nanostring GeoMx Deep Spatial Profiling (DSP), multiplex chromogenic and confocal microscopy in AD hippocampal post-mortem samples. Key markers and results were validated in a collection of AD, DLB and age-matched control samples. CoM, found attached to tau tangles and neurons with phosphorylated α-synuclein accumulations, displayed specific protein and transcriptomic signatures associated with STING, protein degradation, TGF-β, and NF-κB signalling pathways. In contrast, PaM and PaM-astrocyte signatures were associated with complement system pathways, ErbB signalling, metabolic and neurodegenerative activities. While no direct association of CD8 + T cells with either PaM or CoM was observed, CD163 + perivascular macrophages were frequently found incorporated into PaM. This study provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of microglia and their association with astrocytes and infiltrating immune cells to delineate specific neurodegenerative hotspots in AD and related dementia and highlights their prominent role in hippocampal deterioration.
A New Approach for Face Recognition Performance Evaluation for Robot Using LED Monitor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing of service robots, human-robot interaction for natural communication between user and robot is becoming more and more important. Especially, face recognition is a key issue of HRI. Even though robots mainly use face detection and recognition to provide various services, it is still difficult to guarantee of performance due to insufficient test methods in point of view robot. So, we propose a new performance evaluation method for robot using LED monitor.
Synthesis and Characterization of Waugh Type [MnMo 9O32]6- Cluster with the [M(en)3 ]n+ Cation (M=Cr, Mn, Co, Ni)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Four new Waugh-type polyoxometalates [Co(en)3]2[MnMo9O32]·15H2O (1), [Ni(en)3]3[MnMo9O32]·15H2O (2), [Cr(en)3]2[MnMo9O32]·15H2O (3), [Mn(en)3]3 [MnMo9O32]·15H2O (4) have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, ICP-MS, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis.
Clinically occult primary fallopian tube carcinoma presenting as a malignant pleural effusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report the first known case of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as the sole presenting feature of clinically occult primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC). A 57‐year‐old healthy woman was admitted with dyspnea. Evaluation demonstrated a right pleural effusion, fluid of which was malignant. The immunohistochemical profile, including negative calretinin, favored metastatic adenocarcinoma over mesothelioma but could not identify the primary tumour site. Pleural biopsy was not pursued as it would not have helped localize the primary. Chest, abdomen and pelvic computed tomography (CT) demonstrated only borderline lymphadenopathy in the left para‐aortic lymph node chain that was hypermetabolic on positron emission tomography. Ultrasound and CT showed normal adnexal anatomy. These findings, coupled with an elevated serum CA‐125, prompted empiric neoadjuvant chemotherapy targeting epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) followed by surgery, which revealed a tiny left PFTC with negative peritoneal washings. Sampled left para‐aortic lymph nodes were positive. The pleural effusion resolved after chemotherapy. Malignant pleural disease without peritoneal involvement is more characteristic of PFTC than of EOC, in which MPE is common but almost always accompanies peritoneal carcinomatosis. The extensive lymphatic supply of the fallopian tube promotes distant metastasis of small, seemingly localized tumours. This case is a reminder that the clinician should not be dissuaded from considering carcinoma of Müllerian origin, especially PFTC, as the cause of a MPE even in the face of normal gynecologic imaging. Appropriately broad immunohistochemical staining and careful attention to even minimal lymphadenopathy can be invaluable in pinpointing the primary tumour site in such patients.
Memory-enhanced momentum in commodity futures markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Motivated by the deteriorating performance of traditional cross-sectional momentum strategies in commodity futures markets, we propose to resurrect momentum by incorporating autocorrelation information into the asset selection process. Put differently, we introduce measures of short and long memory (variance ratios and Hurst coefficients, respectively) telling us whether past winners and losers are likely to persist or not. Our empirical findings suggest that a memory-enhanced momentum strategy based on variance ratios significantly outperforms traditional momentum in terms of reward and risk, effectively prevents momentum crashes and is not bound to the movement of the overall commodity market. The strategy returns cannot be explained by typical factor portfolios and macroeconomic variables. They are also robust to alternative data sets, transaction costs and data snooping. In comparison, Hurst coefficients carry less investment-relevant information and cannot outperform variance ratios in terms of risk premia and investment alpha.
Image1_Delivery of siRNA Using Functionalized Gold Nanorods Enhances Anti-Osteosarcoma Efficacy.tif

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Gold nanorods (GNRs) are intensively explored for the application in cancer therapy, which has motivated the development of photothermal therapy (PTT) multifunctional nanoplatforms based on GNRs to cure osteosarcoma (OS). However, the major limitations include the toxicity of surface protectants of GNRs, unsatisfactory targeting therapy, and the resistant effects of photothermal-induced autophagy, so the risk of relapse and metastasis of OS increase. In the present study, the GNR multifunctional nanoplatforms were designed and synthesized to deliver transcription factor EB (TFEB)-siRNA–targeting autophagy; then, the resistance of autophagy to PTT and the pH-sensitive cell-penetrating membrane peptide (CPP) was weakened, which could improve the tumor-targeting ability of the GNR nanoplatforms and realize an efficient synergistic effect for tumor treatment. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that the GNR nanoplatform groups have anti-lung metastasis of OS. This study provides a new reference to improve the efficacy of OS clinically.</p>
Diamagnetism of a free particle in classical electron theory with classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Landau's diamagnetism for a free point charge is shown to exist within classical electron theory with classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation. The system considered is a nonrelativistic classical point charge bound harmonically in three dimensions and situated in a magnetic field when random classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation or thermal radiation is present. The average energy, angular momentum, and magnetic moment are calculated at finite temperature, and then carried to the limit at which the harmonic binding vanishes so as to obtain the behavior for a free particle. In the presence of the Rayleigh-Jeans radiation spectrum one finds that all diamagnetic effects vanish, in agreement with the results of traditional classical statistical mechanics. In the Planck radiation spectrum one finds exactly the results of quantum theory involving a Langevin function for the temperature dependence. In particular, the average angular momentum and magnetic moment for a classical point charge in classical zero-point radiation are $〈{L}_{z}〉=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\hbar}$ and $〈{M}_{z}〉=\ensuremath{-}|e|\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2\mathrm{mc}}$, where the orientation of the $z$ axis is given by the magnetic field direction. Thus the classical results in the presence of classical zero-point radiation are entirely different from those of traditional classical electron theory, and they suggest possible classical explanations of the space quantization appearing in quantum theory. The results also suggest a derivation of Planck's spectrum from traditional classical statistical mechanics by applying Boltzmann statistics to the orientation of the average magnetic moment caused by the zero-point radiation.
The use of human resource information systems in two retail organisations in the Western Cape, South Africa

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Orientation: The retail industry is the largest contributor to employment and the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Western Cape, South Africa. The management of human resources in this very competitive industry is a high priority for all retailers. The successful implementation, maintenance and use of human resource information systems (HRISs) are an integral part of many retailers.Research purpose: Human resource information systems are difficult to implement and maintain, and as a result, organisations cannot effectively utilise these systems to their benefit. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting the implementation, maintenance and use of HRISs in two retail organisations in the Western Cape.Motivation of study: Many retailers find it difficult to apply and utilise HRISs to their benefit and to the systems’ full potential. This study explores the challenges retailers are facing when implementing, maintaining and using HRISs.Research design, approach and method: Multiple case studies were used to conduct the research. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire using interviews. Twenty-one interviews were conducted in the two retail companies to gain an understanding of the use of HRISs within these organisations. The data were analysed using a thematic method of analysis. The units of analysis were the Human Resources and the Information Technology departments of both companies. The units of observation were (21) purposively selected employees in the two mentioned departments of both retail organisations.Main findings: This research shows an under-utilisation of the HRIS in both companies as a result of poor data quality, lack of adequate training and the high cost of implementing and maintaining the system. There is a gap in terms of data analytics and report generation. This gap leads to the under-utilisation of the HRISs preventing the retailers to optimise the benefits of the HRIS.Practical and managerial implications: For organisations to reap benefits from HRISs, a change management strategy and a rigorous training programme are needed that will focus on the implemented maintenance and improved usage of these systems.Contribution: The contribution of the study includes proposed guidelines for the effective and efficient use of HRISs. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge in shedding light on the implementation, maintenance and use of HRISs in the retail industry in the Western Cape, South Africa.
Centers to Weave Addiction Treatment Into Medical Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

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Surgical treatment of patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding: clinical cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents two clinical cases of treatment of treating patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding from large chronic ulcers. In one case, the source of bleeding was a giant callous chronic gastric ulcer. The patient urgently underwent subtotal gastric resection with an inter-intestinal anastomosis according to the Roux procedure (18 hours after admission to the hospital), taking into account the high risk of recurrence of bleeding. In the second case, a patient with bleeding from a large chronic duodenal ulcer was operated on urgently (24 hours after admission to the hospital) in the following volumes: laparotomy, stitching of a duodenal ulcer, pyloroplasty according to Finney, subdiaphragmatic stem vagotomy. The purpose of the following clinical observation data is to demonstrate therapeutic tactics in relation to a group of patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding from large (more than 2.0 cm) chronic ulcers, high comorbidity and high risk of recurrence of bleeding.
A salt on the bioenergy and biological invasions debate: salinity tolerance of the invasive biomass feedstock Arundo donax

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A rundo donax L ., commonly known as giant reed, is promising biomass feedstock that is also a notorious invasive plant in freshwater ecosystems around the world. Heretofore, the salt tolerance of A . donax had not been quantified even though anecdotal evidence suggests halophytic qualities. To test whole‐plant and leaf level responses, we established a pot experiment on 80 scions propagated from an A . donax population that has naturalized on the shore of the S an F rancisco B ay E stuary. To quantify growth and physiological responses to salinity ( NaCl ), A . donax scions were divided into eight treatments and grown for 60 days across a range of salinities (0–42 dS m −1 ). Classic growth analysis showed >80% reduction in overall growth at the highest salinities. Yet, there was zero mortality indicating that A . donax is able to tolerate high levels of salt. Declining photosynthesis rates were strongly correlated ( R 2 > 0.97) with decreasing stomatal conductance, which was in turn closely related to increasing salinity. Leaf gas exchange revealed that stomata and leaf limitations of carbon dioxide were three times greater at high salinities. Nonetheless, even when salinities were 38–42 dS m −1 A . donax was able to maintain assimilation rates 7–12 μmol m −2 s −1 . Further, by maintaining 50% relative growth at salinities ~12 dS m −1 A . donax can now be classified as ‘moderately salt tolerant’. A . donax leaf gas exchange and whole‐plant salt tolerance are greater than many important food crops (i.e. maize, rice), the bioenergy feedstock M iscanthus × giganteus, as well as some uncultivated plant species (i.e. P opulus and S alix ) that are indigenous in regions A . donax currently invades. The results of this study have implications for both agronomists wishing to expand A . donax to fields dominated by saline soils, and for others who are concerned about the spread of A . donax with altered stream hydrology or sea‐level rise.