jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Regulation of gypenosides on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and expression of connective tissue growth factor in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的 研究单侧输尿管结扎大鼠(UUO)肾组织中结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、Smad7表达与肾间质纤维化之间的关系,以及绞股蓝总皂甙(GPs)对Smad7、CTGF的影响.方法采用UUO大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、模型组、GPs组.假手术组和模型组仅给予标准饲料30 g,GPs组于术前3 d至术后14 d每天给予GPs 200 mg*kg-1*d-1灌胃,分别于第3、7、14 d处死各组大鼠.免疫组化法检测各组肾组织CTGF和Smad7的表达;RT-PCR方法检测各组Smad7 mRNA、CTGF mRNA含量;Masson染色评定各组肾小管间质损害程度.结果模型组CTGF的表达及肾小管间质损伤指数明显高于假手术组(P＜0.01),而Smad7表达明显低于假手术组(P＜0.01);GPs组CTGF及肾小管间质损伤指数随治疗时间降低,第7天下降最明显,而Smad7表达随时间增高,第7天升至最高.与模型组相比,各时间段均有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论 UUO大鼠肾组织中CTGF的表达可能通过TGF-β/Smad信号通道进行调节;绞股蓝总皂甙可以通过上调Smad7的表达来抑制结缔组织生长因子表达,进而遏制肾纤维化的进展。
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Sacroiliac Joints in Ankylosing Spondylitis Before and After Therapy with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha SUMMARY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

edildi. Sakroiilitis bulguları, anti-TNF-alfa tedavi öncesi ve sonrası, Gd-MR ile tespit edildi. Sekiz hastaya, 4 haftada bir İnfliximab 4mg/kg i.v. infüzyon verildi. Diğer 19 hastaya ise Etanercept 2x25mg/hafta s.c. verildi. Değerlendirilen klinik ve laboratuvar parametreler; BASDAİ, BASFİ, ağrı (VAS skoru), Schöber testi, göğüs ekspansiyonu, C-reaktif protein (CRP), eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı (ESH). BULGULAR: Hastaların çoğu, anti-TNF-alfa tedavilerine iyi yanıt verdi. 24.haftanın sonunda, takip edilen tüm parametrelerde iyileşme gözlendi. MR görüntüleme çalışmalarında, anti-TNF-alfa tedavi sonrası sadece 3 hastanın sakroiliak eklem inflamasyonunda gerileme gözlendi. SONUÇ: Aktif AS&apos;li hastalarda, 24.hafta sonunda anti-TNF-alfa ilaçları güvenilir ve etkin bulundu. BASDAİ, BASFİ, ağrı skorlarında belirgin düşüş gözlendi. Fakat, sakroiliak eklemin akut inflamatuvar bulgularında, MR görüntüleme ile herhangi bir gerileme tespit edilmedi. Anahtar sözcükler: Ankilozan spondilit, anti-TNF-α ilaçlar, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, sakroiliak eklem
A Case of Multiple Cauda Equina Tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 67-year old female, with a relatively uncommon multiple neurilemmoma, exhibited symptoms of cauda equina compression.Because of the relative mobility of the cauda equina and wide space in the canal, tumors arising in the cauda equina usually produce less symptoms than any other spinal tumors.Lumbago and leg pain were the predominant initial symptoms.Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI was considered to be valuable examination for the early diagnosis of cauda equina tumors.Six months after the operation, in spite of resection of one root, the patient showed no evidence of any postoperative neurological defect.
Lactation and Weaning Weight Relationships in Hereford and Simmental-Hereford Cows in Southern Utah

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lactation and weaning weight relationships were studied in 37 cows grazing Southern Utah irrigated pastures during the summer of 1979. The herd included 23 Hereford cows ranging in age from 2 to 12 years and 14 Simmental-Hereford half-blood cows aged 3 to 9 years. The suckling calves were sired by Hereford bulls. The average daily milk yield of 6.16 kg was affected by the cow breed. Simmental-Hereford cows produced 7.11 kg of milk per day, while the Herefords produced 5.21 kg per day. Milk production declined with increased days in lactation. The decline was linear in the Simmental- Hereford cows and quadratic in the Herefords. Milk production was also affected by the sex of the suckling calf. Heifer calves received 6.44 kg per day compared t o 5.80 kg per day for bull calves. Calf birth weight and test day weight influenced milk yield as cows nursing heavier calves produced more milk. Cow breed affected milk composition. Simmental-Hereford cows had higher percent solids-not-fat, while Herefords were higher for percent protein. Calf weights were affected by sex of calf. Bull calves weighed 33.89 kg at birth, while heifers weighed 32.14 kg. At weaning, bulls weighed 188.63 kg, while heifers weighed 177.14 kg. While no breed difference was evident for birth weight, calves from Simmental-Hereford dams weighed more over the duration of the study than calves from Hereford dams. The difference between the mean 205-day adjusted weights for the calves from the Simmental-Hereford and Hereford cows was 24.96 kg (230.50 kg and 205.54 kg, respectively). Milk yield was highly correlated to calf gain (r = 0.71). The breed of dam influence upon weaning weight was largely a result of differences in quantity of milk produced.
Interviewing Self‐Reported Highly Anxious Patients During Periodontal Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Little information exists on highly anxious patients referred for periodontal therapy. Methods: All patients referred for periodontal therapy between November 1, 2002 and April 1, 2004 were included in this study. Patients who perceived themselves as extremely anxious were interviewed further, and their anxiety levels were observed during the various stages of periodontal therapy. Results: Twenty‐one (19 females and two males, average age, 49.76 years) of 176 patients (12.1%) reported extreme anticipatory anxiety. The main reasons for their anxiety were fear of pain and previous bad experience(s). Conclusions: Average anxiety levels decreased with the progress of the periodontal therapy. However, individual responses varied greatly and were unpredictable.
Foaming behavior of high melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP)/Clay nanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The foaming behavior of high-melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP) and HMS-PP/Cloisite 20A nanocomposites (PPNC) was studied in a batch process. PPNCs with 2, 4, 8, and 10 wt% clay were prepared in a twin screw extruder. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied using XRD and TEM. Subsequently, foaming experiments were conducted using supercritical CO2 as the blowing agent in a batch process, and foams with cell sizes varying from the sub micrometer to the micro meter range were prepared. The effect of variation in saturation pressure and temperature, foaming temperature, foaming time, and quench temperature was determined experimentally. Dynamic rheological measurements were conducted to relate the influence of nanocomposites morphology with foam cell growth and nucleation. Extensional rheological measurements were also conducted to detect the presence of strain hardening effect at the foaming temperatures used in the experiment. It was found that the nucleation efficiency of clay reduces with increase in clay loading. Also, the optimum amount of filler for generation of fine celled foams was found to be around the percolation threshold of the polymer. The extended strain hardening effect shown by the polymer in presence of clay plays an important role in stabilizing foam cell sizes.
Anti-Cancer Activities of Nano Amorphous Calcium Phosphates toward Premalignant and Oral Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Despite advancements in treatment, the squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient survival rate remains stagnant. Conventional therapies have limited effectiveness, necessitating novel agents. Our study aims to synthesize and characterize amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACPs), assess their potential cytotoxic effects on premalignant and malignant OSCC cells, and investigate possible mechanisms of action. The morphological features of nACP were investigated by field emission scanning coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size distribution (PSD). Then, we examined the effect of nACPs on nanoparticle uptake, cell adhesion, viability, invasion ability, cell cycle, and gene expression. nACP uptake was dose-dependent, induced limited selectivity in cytotoxicity between healthy and malignant cells, and affected cellular adhesion and invasion. Early apoptosis was the predominant type of cell death. The nACP effect on viability was verified by alterations in the genes associated with apoptosis and proliferation. A high concentration of nACP was shown to arrest the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase of both malignant and premalignant cells. This type of nACP justifies the development of a strategy for its potential use as an anti-cancer agent and/or anti-cancer active carrier for various drugs in oral cancer treatments.
The effect of using smart learning and online teaching strategies in motivating students to study sciences at Bethlehem University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to the advancement in today’s world technology and the challenges faced by Covoid-19 during which face to face teaching and learning became difficult to attain. Thus the need arose to utilize online modern technologies and smart learning techniques to carry out the teaching and learning missions. The social media has also played a major factor in spreading out information among students and teachers on smart learning tools, software and online applications which provided large means for accomplishing the desired tasks in teaching and learning indifferent areas including multimedia, programming, web development, and the various domains of natural sciences. This study was intended specifically to examine the influence of online teaching and smart learning on motivating students learning in the different disciplines of the Faculty of science. The survey was completed by 60 science students and it showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between students using online studying and online smart learning with high motivation.
How path-creating mechanisms and structural lock-ins make societies drift from democracy to authoritarianism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The question of how societies move between democracy and authoritarianism is of vital interest in science, as well as in the day-to-day political debate. This article contributes to this debate by exploring which mechanisms potentially encourage societies to move from democracy to authoritarianism. This article is based on the idea of traditional path dependence, tracing back to Arthur and the organizational path dependence theory by Sydow et al. Building on these theories, I examine how the so-called path-creating mechanisms can emerge and influence societies to move from democracy to authoritarianism. I develop two new concepts in this article. First, structural lock-in that describes a society deprived of its capabilities to adapt to the continuously changing environment. Second, efficient statism, describing societies which strive for higher socio-economic efficiency by embracing strong governmental forms and high conformity levels. The empirical cases presented in this article show that the path-creating mechanisms and efficient statism are regularly observable in societies. Such mechanisms put democracy at risk.
Detection of bursa and thymus‐specific alloantigens in the chicken

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CH strain chickens selected from the F2 progeny of a cross between CH (B10/10) and B14B (B14/14) strains camed bursa (BA) and thymus (TA)‐specific alloantigens of B14B parental origin. The BA marker was present on 95 % of bursal cells but only on 10 % of splenic and blood B lymphocytes. The TA marker was expressed by 80 % of thymus cells and weakly by 45 % of splenic and 70 % of blood T lymphocytes. The adopted immunolo‐gical and genetic protocol offers a feasible approach towards detection of differentiation antigens in major histocompatibility complex‐homozygous but ‘minor’ alloantigen‐segregating populations.
The theory of signal detectability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of signal detectability treated in this paper is the following: Suppose an observer is given a voltage varying with time during a prescribed observation interval and is asked to decide whether its source is noise or is signal plus noise. What method should the observer use to make this decision, and what receiver is a realization of that method? After giving a discussion of theoretical aspects of this problem, the paper presents specific derivations of the optimum receiver for a number of cases of practical interest. The receiver whose output is the value of the likelihood ratio of the input voltage over the observation interval is the answer to the second question no matter which of the various optimum methods current in the literature is employed including the Neyman - Pearson observer, Siegert's ideal observer, and Woodward and Davies' "observer." An optimum observer required to give a yes or no answer simply chooses an operating level and concludes that the receiver input arose from signal plus noise only when this level is exceeded by the output of his likelihood ratio receiver. Associated with each such operating level are conditional probabilities that the answer is a false alarm and the conditional probability of detection. Graphs of these quantities called receiver operating characteristic, or ROC, curves are convenient for evaluating a receiver. If the detection problem is changed by varying, for example, the signal power, then a family of ROC curves is generated. Such things as betting curves can easily be obtained from such a family. The operating level to be used in a particular situation must be chosen by the observer. His choice will depend on such factors as the permissable false alarm rate, a priori probabilities, and relative importance of errors. With these theoretical aspects serving as an introduction, attention is devoted to the derivation of explicit formulas for likelihood ratio, and for probability of detection and probability of false alarm, for a number of particular cases. Stationary, band-limited, white Gaussian noise is assumed. The seven special cases which are presented were chosen from the simplest problems in signal detection which closely represent practical situations. Two of the cases form a basis for the best available approximation to the important problem of finding probability of detection when the starting time of the signal, signal frequency, or both, are unknown. Furthermore, in these two cases uncertainty in the signal can be varied, and a quantitative relationship between uncertainty and ability to detect signals is presented for these two rather general cases. The variety of examples presented should serve to suggest methods for attacking other simple signal detection problems and to give insight into problems too complicated to allow a direct solution.
The Silver Line Helpline: a “ChildLine” for older people

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the work of the new, free telephone helpline The Silver Line in empowering older people to overcome social isolation and loneliness, and where appropriate refer cases of abuse and neglect to specialist services. Design/methodology/approach – Beginning with a family member's description of how the helpline made a difference to her relative this paper then outlines the rationale, methods and outcomes of The Silver Line, including a role it may play in reducing demand for NHS services. Findings – The paper highlights that social isolation and loneliness can be tackled through a helpline which leaves control firmly in the hands of callers while offering them a gateway to activities and services. Practical implications – It seems that telephone contact is a particularly helpful way for isolated people to begin to build social contact given that there is evidence of a stigma associated with admitting to loneliness. Social implications – Given a straightforward way to connect to others, people are empowered to overcome their own loneliness, improve their well-being and sometimes to rejoin their community. The charity reports that callers to the helpline may themselves become volunteer befrienders (“Silver Line Friends”) providing support to others and gaining evidence of their own value to society. In addition, a friendly chat over the phone can be an enabling link to gaining new skills, such as computer literacy, which may otherwise seem out of reach or irrelevant. Originality/value – The paper emphasises the importance of this helpline specifically and the wider need for hard to reach, isolated older people to have an accessible stepping stone to greater social contact and a higher quality of life.
The application of dynamic programming to control wafers inventory problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the field of production and operations management, inventory problem has always been considered as an important topic. This paper studies the control wafers inventory problem in wafer fabrication factories. A single-period, multi-product inventory problem with reentry and downward substitution was examined in a pulling control production environment. The control wafers inventory problem is firstly constructed as a network, and latter dynamic programming is applied next to solve the problem. The objective is to set an acceptable inventory level to minimize the total cost of control wafers through reducing various types of costs without halting production throughput. A numerical example is given to illustrate the practicality of the model. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is an effective tool for determining the inventory level of control wafers for each grade.
Lymphangiosarcoma arising in chronic lymphedematous extremities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Data from 23 cases of lymphangiosarcoma associated with chronic lymphedema seen at the Mayo Clinic and 163 cases from the world literature are reviewed. The available information in 162 cases of postmastectomy lymphedematous lymphangiosarcoma revealed that the lesion occurred at an average age of 63.9 years (range 44 to 84 years) and an average of 10 years 3 months after mastectomy. Fifty per cent of the 129 patients eligible for follow-up were dead within 19 months after treatment, and only 11 patients have survived 5 years or more. Amputation gave a slightly better prognosis than did radiation therapy. Of 24 patients (two from the Mayo Clinic) with lymphangiosarcoma and non-postmastectomy lymphedema, 12 (50%) were dead within 34 months after treatment. Only two of the patients were long-term survivors (5 and 15 years), and both were treated by amputation. Early recognition of the lesion and prompt radical ablative surgery seem to offer the best chance for survival.
Development of an Efficient Nomogram for Prediction of Early Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: Our objective was to identify the risk factors associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) subsequent to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), as well as devise a highly effective and personalized predictive model for anticipating DVT occurrence in patients diagnosed with ICH. Methods: Our research recruited a total of 875 consecutive patients diagnosed with ICH, who were then randomly split in a ratio of 3:1. The derivation group consisted of 584 individuals, while the validation cohort included 291 participants. Variables were screened from demographics, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, neuroimaging features, initial treatment in hospital, and laboratory tests. In the derivation cohort, we developed a prediction model with multivariable logistic regression analysis. In the validation cohort, we assessed the model performance and compared it to previously reported models. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR 1.067, 95%CI 1.040-1.095), impaired consciousness (OR 1.485, 95%CI 1.008-2.189), and infection (OR 1.905, 95%CI 1.075-3.379), were independent risk factors for early DVT. In contrast, rehabilitation (OR 0.227, 95%CI 0.118-0.438) and intact muscle stress (OR 0.828, 95%CI 0.757-0.905) were independent protective factors. We integrated these variables to construct a nomogram model. Compared to previous models, our model is well calibrated, showing higher C statistics in decision curve analysis and better reclassification ability. Conclusions: We developed a new and efficient clinical prediction model for the rapid prediction of the probability of early DVT in patients with ICH.
Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Transcultural Awareness and Caring in Nursing and Health Care Development of the Cultural, Transcultural, and Multicultural Self Transcultural Caring Dynamics Ethical Principles: Moral Caring Knowledge Transcultural Context: Social and Organizational Culture Universal Sources: Religious and Spiritual Traditions Summary of Transcultural Caring: The Dynamics of Contemporary Nursing Case Studies: Profiles for Transcultural Caring Appendices Summary of Characteristics of Various Ethnic Groups Summary of Beliefs of Various Major Religious Groups.
Study of possible solar-heating effects on thermosonde probes - error analysis. Interim scientific report

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Thermosonde data reveals a diurnal daytime shift in measured levels of C square (n) in the free atmosphere. The shift is manifested in two ways. First, an apparent offset in the smallest measured values of C square (n) exists. Secondly, the curve of the average profile shows an enhancement over nighttime profiles. Related optical and radar measurements have indicated that differences between day and night probably exist, but because of limited instrumental resolution and altitude capabilities those results are inconclusive. Several hypotheses have been put forward in this paper concerning possible instrumental or solar based sources of data contamination. We have examined the possibility that solar radiation causes probe heating with subsequent instrumental effects. Calculation, computer simulation, and direct measurements have shown that the sun heats the body of the probe sensor a couple of degrees above the ambient and that the level of heating depends upon the solar aspect angle and magnitude and direction of air flow over the probe. A small but insignificant AC type effect can result from improper probe geometry or probe mismatch together with a coupling of solar heating with velocity turbulence. Transient and DC type effects can occur, but measured, processed, and transmitted rootmore » mean square C square (n) information is not likely to contain instrumental contamination.« less
The effect of terrorism on continuing education: evidence from Pakistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education has wide-ranging benefits to both the individual and wider society. This article investigates the consequences of terrorist incidents on whether households can further their children’s schooling. Using both the Global Terrorism Database and Pakistan’s Social and Living Standards Measurement, we find that persistent exposure to terrorism significantly reduces the likelihood that parents will continue their children’s education. The result suggests, that for every million people, an increase in terrorist incidents causes 26, 501 fewer children to continue their education at the primary school education level. We also examine the results by various demographic segments and types of terrorism attacks.