jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemometric-directed bioexploration of natural products

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A workflow for the chemometric analysis of a chromatographic fractionation series was developed, integrating partial least-square (PLS) statistical modeling with high-resolution mass spectrometry to yield an associative model that correlated chemical composition and bioactivity. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) fungal endophytes were evaluated to determine their secondary metabolite profile and their influence on growth of Staphylococcus aureus strain SA1199. Pyrenocheata sp. extract and fractions inhibited the growth of SA1199 as much as 95.8 ± 1.7%, and the resulting PLS model predicted a single active ion (m/z 343) as the purported bioactive component. Follow-up analysis tentatively identified the m/z 343 ion as the known antimicrobial macrosphelide A.
Effects of Thermal Treatments on Physico-Chemical Properties and Antinutritional Factor Reductions of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sacha inchi seeds are normally used for the extraction of oil due to its high content of oil. The main by-product of the oil extraction process is the seed residue or meal, which is highly nutritious. However, the presence of naturally-occurring anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) especially phytate, tannins and trypsin inhibitors could limit the utilization of sacha inchi seed meal in foods and feeds. The aim of this study is to study the effects of thermal treatments including extrusion process (barrel temperature of 80, 90, 100°C and feed moisture of 61.8 %) and autoclaving (sterilizing temperature of 105, 110, 121°C for 30 min) of reduction of ANFs (tannins, phytic acid contents and trypsin inhibitor) and physico-chemical properties (water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), protein solubility (PS), foam capacity (FC), emulsifying capacity (EC), emulsion stability (ES) and oil binding capacity (OBC)), antioxidant activities (ABTS•+, FRAP assays and total phenolic content (TPC)) and in vitro protein digestibility of sacha inchi meal. The results show that autoclaving at 121°C for 30 min caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in tannins (7.40 mg/g) and trypsin inhibitor (1.76 mg/g) compared to non-thermal treatment sample (control) (tannins =94.4 mg/g and trypsin inhibitor=8.52 mg/g). The phytic acid of non-thermal treatment sample (control) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by extrusion at high barrel temperature of 100°C (0.43 mg/g). Furthermore, extrusion at barrel temperature of 100°C was the most effective in improving protein digestibility (55.8%). With an increase in temperature process of extrusion cooking and autoclaving, the WSI of treatment sample increased while the WAI decreased. An increase in barrel temperature enhanced the hydrophobicity of proteins as observed from the improvement of EC, ES, PS, FC and OBC values of the extruded samples. The barrel temperature of 100°C yielded highest EC (60.0%) ES (60.7%), PS (16.53%), FC (13.6%) and OBC (16.3%) in comparison with those of non-thermal treatment (control) (EC=46.5%, ES=37.0%, PS=5.48%, FC=4.90% and OBC=2.1%, respectively). The sample with extrusion at a lower temperature of 80°C possessed highest antioxidant activities indicated by ABTS•+ (2.34 mg Trolox /g powder), FRAP (1.07 mg FeSO4 /g powder) and TPC (2.16 mg gallic acid/g powder). Overall, in vitro protein digestibility, antioxidant activities, antinutritional factor reduction and functional properties of sacha inchi meal was improved by thermal processes. The autoclaving might serve as a tool for ANFs reduction. While, extrusion cooking could improve in vitro protein digestibility, antioxidant activities and functional properties of sacha inchi meal. The sacha inchi meal through thermal processes might be helpful to produce highly nutritious foods, alternative protein related products and enhance its suitability as novel functional ingredients for the food system for industrial applications.
Open Market Stock Repurchase Signaling

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a signaling model of open market repurchases that simulates the effects of a repurchase on the insiders' utility. If insiders refrain from tendering, then they are exposed to more risk. If insiders are risk averse, then the market can draw several inferences regarding the insiders' expectations of their firm's future earnings: 1) firms that repurchase more have higher earnings; 2) holding the repurchase proportion constant, riskier firms have higher earnings; and 3) holding proportion constant, firms where insiders have a greater ownership stake have higher earnings. I test the model's implications with a sample of over 700 US repurchases and find support for all three.
Drivers and inhibitors of gen Z’s proenvironmental travel engagement: exploring MOA factors and goal frames

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to gain insights into the drivers and inhibitors of proenvironmental behaviors (PEB) among Gen Z tourists through the lens of the goal-framing theory (GFT) and the motivation–opportunity–ability (MOA) framework. It also aims to propose interventions for promoting proenvironmental tourist behaviors. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was adopted, building on 20 in-depth interviews with Swedish teenagers. The thematic data analysis was guided by a conceptual model integrating MOA and GFT. Findings The findings indicate that teenagers primarily lack motivation for eco-friendly travel. Their ability is hindered by limited knowledge, while low involvement in travel decisions and unsupportive destination norms restrict their opportunities. Overcoming these challenges requires interventions that boost engagement in PEB through informational and structural strategies, making eco-friendly options more affordable, efficient, enjoyable and desirable. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to combine MOA and GFT, providing an in-depth exploration of the drivers and inhibitors of proenvironmental travel among Gen Z tourists.
Advancing data race investigation and classification through visualization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data races in multi-threaded programs are a common source of serious software failures. Their undefined behavior may lead to intermittent failures with unforeseeable, and in embedded systems, even life-threatening consequences. To mitigate these risks, various detection tools have been created to help identify potential data races. However, these tools produce thousands of data race warnings, often in text-based format, which makes the manual assessment process slow and error-prone. Through visualization, we aim to speed up the data race assessment process by reducing the amount of information to be investigated, and to provide a versatile interface that quality assurance engineers can use to investigate data race warnings. The ultimate goal of our integrated software suite, called RaceView, is to improve the usability of the data race information to such an extent that the elimination of data races can be incorporated into the regular software development process.
Prospective study with Tinset tablet.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fifty-seven patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis have been treated with oxatomide (Tinset) tablets. In the well-responding cases the drug was prescribed for prophylactic purpose to prevent the expectable rhinitis attacks in later seasons. In the first season the preventive action of the drug was registered in a relatively high rate of the patients, but this action was significantly less marked in the second period. According to the opinion of the author oxatomide is a drug of high value both for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Nevertheless, the sedative action of the drug has to be taken into consideration in the course of therapy.
Digital Twin Virtualization with Machine Learning for IoT and Beyond 5G Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital twin (DT) technologies have emerged as a solution for real-time data-driven modeling of cyber physical systems (CPS) using the vast amount of data available by Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In this position paper, we elucidate unique characteristics and capabilities of a DT framework that enables realization of such promises as online learning of a physical environment, real-time monitoring of assets, Monte Carlo heuristic search for predictive prevention, on-policy, and off-policy reinforcement learning in real-time. We establish a conceptual layered architecture for a DT framework with decentralized implementation on cloud computing and enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) services for modeling and decision-making processes. The DT framework separates the control functions, deployed as a system of logically centralized process, from the physical devices under control, much like software-defined networking (SDN) in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. To clarify the significance of DT in lowering the risk of development and deployment of innovative technologies on existing system, we discuss the application of implementing zero trust architecture (ZTA) as a necessary security framework in future data-driven communication networks.
Difficulties in diagnosing and managing congenital dislocation of the hip.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a 10-year retrospective study of 25 921 consecutive deliveries in a neonatal unit in Newcastle upon Tyne 271 cases of congenital dislocation of the hips were identified. Of these, the outcome was unsatisfactory in 12: four diagnoses were missed at birth and eight children required further surgical treatment. Radiological abnormalities were detected in a further five children at long-term follow-up examination. From the results of this study and other published series it was concluded that lack of attention to detail was the main cause of inadequate diagnosis and management of congenital dislocation of the hips. More detailed instruction of junior staff, confirmation of the diagnosis by senior staff, the use of a non-removable splint early in treatment, and thorough follow-up by senior staff are all important.
Effects of different sowing dates on the herbage yield and some other yield characteristics of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted in experimental fields of Odemis Vocational Training School, of Ege University during three years, between 2005-2008, in order to determine the effects of different sowing dates (26 Oct., 9 Nov., 22 Nov., 6 Dec., 25 Dec.) on the herbage yield and some other yield characteristics of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties (Durango and Utrillo). Average results of three years indicated that there were significant differences between sowing dates in terms of herbage and DM yields, but not significant differences among pea cultivars in terms of DM yields, the highest herbage and DM yields obtained from at 22 November sowing.
Iatrogenic life-threatening condition in a patient with multiple rare disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Andersenův-Tawilův syndrom (7. forma syndromu dlouhého intervalu QT) je vzácné dědičné onemocnění charakterizované periodickou paralýzou, dlouhým intervalem QT, komorovými arytmiemi a abnormalitami kostry.Dvaapadesátiletá žena s anamnézou syndromu dlouhého intervalu QT, implantace kardioverteru-defibrilátoru (v rámci sekundární prevence srdeční zástavy) a systémové vaskulitidy, byla hospitalizována pro elektrickou bouři vyvolanou endokarditidou. Krátce po propuštění byla pacientka znovu hospitalizována pro multiorgánové selhání, velmi pravděpodobně vyvolané vysazením steroidů a VKA. K podezření na Andersenův-Tawilův syndrom vedly lékaře její charakteristické dysmorfní rysy.U pacientů s jednou vzácnou poruchou nelze zůstat u jedné diagnózy; přitom je třeba zajistit další důkladné ambulantní kontroly.
P-181 The impact of high proportion of immature oocyte in a cohort on the reproductive outcome following icsi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Study question Whether high proportion of immature oocyte in a cohort impacts outcome of sibling mature oocyte in ICSI cycles. Summary answer Study demonstrate that if immature oocyte retrieved was more than 50% in a cycle then it reduces reproductive outcome with the remaining mature sibling oocytes. What is known already The selection of competent oocyte is crucial to assisted reproductive technique procedure outcome. In ICSI procedure where only metaphase II oocytes (MII) are injected correlates with number of MII oocytes available, embryo development and pregnancy outcome. Percentage of immature oocyte {Metaphase I (MI) and Germinal Vessicle (GV) } retrieved in a cycle is always a concern for stimulation protocol, patient response which affects IVF laboratory outcome. Study design, size, duration A prospective study was conducted from 1st January 2020 to 1st December 2022 in the Department of Reproductive medicine at a tertiary infertility centre in India. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of percentage of immature oocyte retrieved in a single cycle. Group A (n = 100), where percentage of immature oocyte (MI and GV) was between 0 to 20%, while Group B (n = 60) where percentage of immature oocyte was between 21 to 50% and Group C (n = 20) where percentage of immature oocyte was between 51 to 100%. Main results and the role of chance This study included all normal responder patients and cycles using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and poor responders were excluded. All blastocyst formed were vitrified and transferred in frozen embryo replacement cycle. All the 3 groups were compared on the basis of fertilisation rate, blastocyst formation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. Group A and group B had no significant difference in fertilisation rate (82% vs. 78%, p &gt; 0.5), blastocyst formation rate (60% vs. 58%, p &gt; 0.5), clinical pregnancy rate (58% vs. 55%, p &gt; 0.5) and miscarriage rate (12% vs. 11%, p &gt; 0.5). While significant reduction was observed in group C ( &gt; 50% MI & GV oocyte) in fertilisation rate (40%, p &lt; 0.1), blastocyst formation rate (28%, p &lt; 0.1), clinical pregnancy rate (15%, p &lt; 0.1). Limitations, reasons for caution Larger randomised control studies are needed to strengthen these results. Wider implications of the findings Percentage of immature oocyte can help in predicting the success of assisted reproductive technique. This will help in counselling patient about outcome. Trial registration number NA
Electrochemical Sensors for Atmospheric Corrosion Rates: A New Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AbstractAbstractA description is given of a modified electrochemical atmospheric corrosion monitor(EACM), having a built-in reference electrode which makes it possible to apply the 3-electrode technique in plotting polarisation curves with thin electrolyte layers, such as those responsible for the atmospheric corrosion phenomenon.In order to determine the possibilities of the new EACM's, some examples are given of their response under laboratory conditions: (1) with 400 μm thick water and Na Cl solution layers, and (2) with invisible adsorbed moisture layers. The EACM's were also tested under natural exposure conditions on CENIM's flat-roof.
The Helminthosporoside-binding Protein of Sugarcane

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Clones of sugarcane susceptible to the eyespot disease caused by Helminthosporium sacchari possess a membrane protein that binds helminthosporoside, the host-specific toxin produced by this fungus pathogen (Steiner, G. W., and Strobel, G. A. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 4350). Membrane preparations from clones resistant to the toxin do not possess binding activity. Clones that are slightly affected by the toxin, likewise possess only an intermediate amount of toxin-binding activity. That the binding of the toxin to membranes occurs in vivo in susceptible clones and not resistant ones was established by labeling experiments. Furthermore, treatment of leaves with one of any number of α-galactosides inhibits symptom expression in them after application of the toxin. These same α-galactosides also lower the amount of binding of helminthosporoside by membrane preparations. The binding protein was purified from Triton X-100-treated membrane preparations of the susceptible clone 51 NG 97. The protein has a molecular weight of about 49,000 as determined by gel electrophoresis and 45,000 by gel filtration. It consists of four subunits each with a molecular weight of about 11,700. It has a Km in the order of 10-5, at least two binding sites for helminthosporoside, and its amino acid composition and isoelectric point have been established.
Naval Documents of the American Revolution. Volume II, American Theatre: Sept. 3, 1775–Oct. 31, 1775; European Theatre: Aug. 11, 1775–Oct. 31, 1775; American Theatre: Nov. 1, 1775–Dec. 7, 1775. William Bell Clark Editor. With A Foreword By Lyndon Johnson B. and an introduction by Ernest McNeill Eller. (Washington, D. C: Navy Department. 1966. Pp. xliii, 1463. $8.50.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Naval Documents of the American Revolution. Volume II, American Theatre: Sept. 3, 1775–Oct. 31, 1775; European Theatre: Aug. 11, 1775–Oct. 31, 1775; American Theatre: Nov. 1, 1775–Dec. 7, 1775. William Bell Clark Editor. With A Foreword By Lyndon Johnson B. and an introduction by Ernest McNeill Eller. (Washington, D. C: Navy Department. 1966. Pp. xliii, 1463. $8.50.) Get access Naval Documents of the American Revolution. Volume II, American Theatre: Sept. 3, 1775–Oct. 31, 1775; European Theatre: Aug. 11, 1775–Oct. 31, 1775; American Theatre: Nov. 1, 1775–Dec. 7, 1775. Clark William Bell Editor. With A Foreword By Johnson Lyndon B. and an introduction by Ernest McNeill Eller. (Washington, D. C: Navy Department. 1966. Pp. xliii, 1463. $8.50.) George Athan Billias George Athan Billias Clark University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 73, Issue 1, October 1967, Pages 216–217, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/73.1.216 Published: 01 October 1967
Burned area detection using convolutional neural network based on spatial information of synthetic aperture radar data in Indonesia

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Forest and land fires are disasters that often occur in Indonesia which affects neighbouring countries. The burned area can be observed using remote sensing. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor data is advantageous since it can penetrate clouds and smoke. However, image analysis of SAR data differs from optical data, which is based on properties such as intensity, texture, and polarimetric feature. This research aims to propose a method to detect burned areas from the extracted feature of Sentinel-1 data. The features were classified using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier. To find the best input features, several classification schemes were tested, including intensity and polarimetric features by applying the Boxcar speckle filter and the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture feature without using the Boxcar speckle filter. Additionally, this research investigates the significance of a window size parameter for each scheme. The results show the highest overall accuracy achieved 84% using CNN classification utilizing the GLCM texture features and without conducting the Boxcar speckle filter on the window size of 17×17 pixels when tested on the part region of Pulang Pisau Regency and Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan in 2019. The total burned area was 76,098.6 ha. The use of GLCM texture features without conducting the Boxcar speckle filter as input classification performs better than using intensity and polarimetric features that undergo the Boxcar speckle filter. Combining intensity and polarimetric features with performing the Boxcar speckle filter improves better classification performance over utilizing them separately. Furthermore, the selection of window size also contributes to improve the model performance.
First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of $5.9$ t. During the approximately 1.1 tonne-year exposure used for this search, the intrinsic $^{85}$Kr and $^{222}$Rn concentrations in the liquid target were reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of $(15.8\pm1.3)~\mathrm{events}/(\mathrm{t\cdot y \cdot keV})$ in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between $3.3$ keV and $60.5$ keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of $2.58\times 10^{-47}~\mathrm{cm}^2$ for a WIMP mass of $28~\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ at $90\%$ confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure.