jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A review of Canada’s use of autonomous sanctions under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (JVCFOA) between 2017-2021

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of autonomous sanctions by Canada and its allies has increased significantly over the last 30 years, yet there is little research that examines how Canada uses these measures and in what circumstances. This thesis asks in what circumstances does Canada resort to using autonomous sanctions measures, and documents how Canada has used the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (JVCFOA)— Canada’s Magnitsky legislation— between 2017-2021. This time scale was chosen because the JVCFOA was adopted in 2017, and at the same time, the SEMA legislation was updated to expand the circumstances in which it can be invoked. Notably, there is a legislated requirement for the committees of the Senate and of the House of Commons that are designated or established by each House to review both pieces of legislation before October of 2022, and the JVCFOA has remained unused in over three years (since November 2018). This research finds that Canada is not using its legislation in a coherent manner, which is exacerbated by a lack of transparency by the Government of Canada in terms of how decisions are made regarding who it targets with sanctions and why. This thesis concludes with policy-relevant recommendations made in three categories: changes to the SEMA and JVCFOA legislation, administrative and legal, and outreach, education, and communication.
Screening of neutral protease-producing strain and its optimization of fermentation conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A strain with high protease activity was screened out from the wine cube and was named 0PY6.It was preliminarily identified as Pseudomonas sp.The optimum culture medium and conditions for protease production of 0PY6 were investigated by Plackett-Burman Design and Box-Behnken response surface.The results showed that the optimum conditions for enzyme production were;glucose 2.38%,starch 0.87%,yeast extract 0.55%,CaCl_2 0.001%,NaCl 0.5%,soybean meal 1%,initial pH =7.0,while the activity of protease had increased to 134.718 U/mL.Besides,the hydrolyzation effect in marine protein by the protease was evaluated.
Comparison of Work Ability for Health Care Workers in Five Nations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A Survey of Health Care Professionals was designed, translated and back-translated by the authors into five languages. The survey was then completed by 876 health care workers from Brazil, Croatia, Poland, Ukraine and the USA.1 Only health care workers were studied in a rough effort to equate for occupational differences in work design and work demands. In a previous report, the Croatian data from this survey found that shiftworkers reported being more physically tired at the end of their workday than non-shiftworkers.2 Although this finding is intuitively compatible with expectations, it does not address the issue of whether this impact varies from country to country. The present report examines whether nations differ in the impact of the night shift on perceived well-being. The respondents from each country were sorted into night worker and non-night worker groups on the basis of individual responses to the question Do you usually work at night? Reported physical fatigue at the end of the workday was the dependent variable for an analysis using a 2 X 5 ANCOVA model, with work schedule (night, non-night workers) and nation (Brazil, Croatia, Poland, Ukraine and USA) as independent variables. Number of work hours per week and rotating/non-rotating shift were included as covariates. With physical fatigue as the dependent variable, the results showed significant differences for work schedule, nation, and the interaction of work schedule and nation. Additional ANCOVAs were calculated using other measures of worker well-being and quality of life from the survey. These included reported mental fatigue, tenseness, work ability, and several composite variables developed in previous analyses of this data base1. For every dependent variable examined, there is a significant effect for nation, but the impact of the work schedule and/or the interaction test are not always significant. The results of this study consistently support the general proposal that nations differ significantly in their perceptions of well-being. The data also suggest that the manner and/or degree to which night shift work impacts the work force in a given nation varies. For some variables, the impact of night work on worker-reported well-being and quality-of-life may be minimal. With other variables, the impact of night work is significant and must be taken into account in the organization of working time. The interaction of these variables is complex, and more research on nation differences is needed
Show-ups: the critical issue of clothing bias

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A field study (N = 379) investigated the effects of clothing bias on show-up identifications using variations in type of clothing (distinct and common), the similarity of clothing between the event and the identification procedure, target-present and two target-absent show-ups (high similarity and low similarity innocent suspects), and time delay. Results showed a significant clothing bias by clothing type interaction on identification accuracy; however, no overall effects of delay or common clothing on identification accuracy were found. With distinct clothing, significant effects of clothing bias and suspect similarity emerged. Implications for police use of show-ups are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What attributions do Australian high-performing general practices make for their success? Applying the clinical microsystems framework: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To identify the success attributions of high-performing Australian general practices and the enablers and barriers they envisage for practices wishing to emulate them. Design Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and content analysis of the data. Responses were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded according to success characteristics of high-performing clinical microsystems. Setting Primary healthcare with the participating general practices representing all Australian states and territories, and representing metropolitan and rural locations. Participants Twenty-two general practices identified as high performing via a number of success criteria. The 52 participants were 19 general practitioners, 18 practice managers and 15 practice nurses. Results Participants most frequently attributed success to the interdependence of the team members, patient-focused care and leadership of the practice. They most often signalled practice leadership, team interdependence and staff focus as enablers that other organisations would need to emulate their success. They most frequently identified barriers that might be encountered in the form of potential deficits or limitations in practice leadership, staff focus and mesosystem support. Conclusions Practice leaders need to empower their teams to take action through providing inclusive leadership that facilitates team interdependence. Mesosystem support for quality improvement in general practice should focus on enabling this leadership and team building, thereby ensuring improvement efforts are converted into effective healthcare provision.
Phenology of macropytes of Sagar Lake (M.P.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper deals with phonological data of ten macrophyte species growing in Sagar Lake. Phenograms of Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Ipomiea aquatica, Jussiaea repens, Pistia stratiotes, Trapa bispinosa and Vallisneria spiralis have been presented. Key words: Phenology; Sagar Lake doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3205 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 89-90, 2005
Uniqueness of enhancements for derived and geometric categories

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We prove that the derived categories of abelian categories have unique enhancements—all of them, the unbounded, bounded, bounded above and bounded below derived categories. The unseparated and left completed derived categories of a Grothendieck abelian category are also shown to have unique enhancements. Finally, we show that the derived category of complexes with quasi-coherent cohomology and the category of perfect complexes have unique enhancements for quasi-compact and quasi-separated schemes.
Results of photorefractive keratectomy for high Myopia in Noor Clinic of Tehran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many studies have shown the effectiveness of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in correction of vision in low and moderate Myopia. To evaluate the results of 193-nm exeimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for highly Myopic eyes, we reviewed refractive outcome of 43 eyes of 30 patients. Most eyes were treated with 1-step operation, using a 6 mm optical zone. 43 eyes were treated for Myopia, which were between -6.40 and -16.90 diopters. The mean pre-operative refraction was -9.50 D. All eyes were followed for at least 12 months. At 12tht month visit, 30.2% and 60.5% of eyes achieved correction within 1 and 2 D of attempted correction, respectively. At this time, 62.7% of eyes obtained 20/40 visual acuity or better uncorrected. At 1 year, 13% and 8% of eyes lost 3 and 4 lines of best-corrected visual acuity, respectively. Also 13% of eyes lost 2 lines. 12 months after PRK, 5 eyes developed corneal haze grade 2 and 2 eyes, grade 3 (0-5 scale). There was much undercorrection seen in this group compared with patients undergoing PRK for low and moderate Myopia. Photorefractive keratectomy for high Myopia, though effective, is not a safe and accurate procedure and is less predictable and stable than performing it for low and moderate Myopia.
Understanding South-South Cooperation: A Comparative Analysis with North-South Cooperation Approaches

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

South-South Cooperation was first conceived at the 1955 Bandung Conference, which led to the foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961 and other important initiatives within the UN system, such as creating the G77 and elaborating the Buenos Aires Plan of Action. Since the beginning of the century, this cooperation modality has re-emerged and is now considered a catalyst for sustainable development. Given this context, this paper aims to analyze its ideological and political origins, definitions, and evolution, highlighting its importance as an instrument of foreign policy and development cooperation. In addition, a comparison between South-South and North-South Cooperation is made through five dimensions: ideas, institutions/political systems, interests, organizations, and vectors/schemes. Through this comparative approach, the author seeks to present consensual aspects of what is understood as South-South Cooperation and portray the diversity of strategies implemented by countries in the Global South.Keywords: South-South Cooperation; North-South Cooperation; Global South; sustainable developmen; BRICS
Application of data mining into property industry to create an intelligent system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The property market is slow to innovate and adopt change resulting in inconvenience to all parties involved. This project explores the inefficiencies in the Singapore market and develops solution to help consumers make a more informed decision and improve the overall experience. Considerable amount of data comes from social media where Internet users are able to express themselves with freedom in the context of various topics. Choosing a property agent to sell a property and the knowledge of people living in an area can also affect the decision of consumers. In this project, we aim to gather the sentiments of users on the service of property agents and sentiments on the location of housing property and to analyse them, help consumers to gather information and make better decisions. Property sites are using traditional methods that require users to search by inputting text or browsing through the property list. Information on amenities near that particular property has to be found on other websites. In this project, the data is retrieved from the internet and together with the property listings, displayed to users on a map. From this map, users can search for nearby properties on a street/area with better visualization and user interaction saving the user time. With all the above mentioned, this project aims to build an intelligent system that displays to users properties on a map with nearby amenities and also sentiment analysis of property and property agents reviews to help users to make a better decision.
Soy Protein Intolerance: Four Patients With Concomitant Cow's Milk Intolerance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An infrequently encountered and poorly understood infantile disorder is gastrointestinal soy protein intolerance. Four patients who had intractable diarrhea of infancy and who failed to thrive were tested by oral challenge with soy protein isolate and were found to have soy protein intolerance. All four exhibited concomitant sensitivity to cow's milk protein. The response to challenge with soy protein included diarrhea, vomiting, hypotension, lethargy, and fever. These symptomns were immediate, of short duration, and occurred with each subsequent challenge dose. No patient exhibited cutaneous, pulmonary, or hematologic evidence of allergy although it was prominent in their families. A diet devoid of intact soy and cow's milk protein allowed symptomatic recovery and rapid weight gain. Oral disodium cromoglycate therapy was ineffective in one trial. Soy protein intolerance should be suspected in infants with diarrhea resistant to therapy with soy based formulas.
Project H.A.L.O. - Homelessness in Southern California

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The homeless population continues to rise, and it only becomes more detrimental over time. The Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority results of the 2020 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count showed that 66,436 people in Los Angeles County were experiencing homelessness. In the previous year, 2019, Los Angeles County had a count of 58,936 homeless people. From 2019 to 2020, there was a 12.7% rise in homelessness across the county. This podcast aims to uncover solutions that are proving beneficial and alternate actions that may help get to a functional zero of people experiencing homelessness in Southern California. Functional zero would be having enough shelters, housing, and services to help anyone at any given time who falls into homelessness. Interviews were done with professionals researching solutions, non-profit organization volunteer managers, homelessness policy professionals, and people who previously experienced homelessness. The results reveal that the main cause of homelessness is lack of affordable housing. Secondary problems that may be exacerbated or become introduced are substance abuse, domestic violence, mental health, or physical disabilities. Solutions vary based on each person’s experience, but supportive housing is usually key. Permanent or interim supportive housing incorporates affordable housing with intensive coordinated services to help people who may be susceptible to chronic homelessness or are in general need of assistance. Preventing homelessness by helping those on the brink is another vital part, because once a person experiences that trauma, it can lead to PTSD and a lack of trust in others.
Frequency domain control of quantum state singlet/triplet character and prospects for an all-optical spin switch

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, quantum optics has been expanded from atomic to molecular systems despite much weaker oscillator strengths and complex relaxation pathways that have presented serious challenges in the past. The richness of molecular excitation pathways and the variety of molecular interactions has made it possible to develop novel applications in this field. We have demonstrated how the Autler–Townes effect can be used to control molecular angular momentum alignment and how the Autler–Townes split line shape, combined with accurate control-laser electric field amplitude measurement, can be used to map the absolute magnitude of the molecular internuclear distance dependent electronic transition dipole moment function. In addition, the electric field amplitude in the control laser Rabi frequency can be used as a ‘tuning’ mechanism for the mixing coefficients of energy levels that are weakly perturbed by the spin–orbit interaction, i.e. to control the valence electron spin polarization and the spin multipli...
Health aspects of the use of beta-2 adrenergic drugs in animal production.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In the zootechnical field, there is a strong need to correlate analytical results with biological effects of beta-2 adrenergic agonist drugs on animal health, food processing and human toxicology, taking into account the peculiarity of their administration (long-term treatments with doses tenfold as high as the therapeutical ones). The opportunity to use ELISA tests to readily detect illegal treatments, suspected on the basis of clinical and inspective data, can allow appropriate preventive medicine action by monitoring the food chain during its early steps (in living animals). Sanitary implications will not be limited only to serious clinical signs confirmed by analyses, but should also lead to educational programmes intended for farmers, showing them the main obvious risks in animal production associated with beta-2 agonist side-effects.
Some Researches on the Effects of Fluorescent Lamp Lighting to the Ophthalmic Organ

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As regards to 2, 452 employees in four bank offices and two department stores equipped with fluorescent lamp lighting, often investigating their ophthalmic complaints about the fluorescent lamp lighting as well as the realistic conditions of lighting, the present author has researched the correlation between them and concluded as follows:a.) Persons that replied the fluorescent lamp lighting to be good for eyes are 8.6% of the total, bad 8.1% and non-committal 82.7%.b.) The ophthalmic complaints may be classified as follows: eye strain.(28.7%), glare.(15.1%), eye secration.(11.9%), eye pain.(11.3%), weakning of the visibility.(10.9%), hyperemia of the eye.(10.7%), overflow of tears.(6.3%), fluorescent lamp lighting to be bad.(5.0%)c.) Those, who have at least one of the above mentioned complaints, are 55.7%. This percentage is by far larger in the females than in the males, that is, 63.8% versus 48.6%.d-) Those having eye complaints are found more frequent among the younger peoples than the older, than 30 years.e.) For the persons having been working under the fluorescent lamp lighting during longer period, the frequency of eye complaints never diminishes, that is, any training effect to fluorescent lamps can not be found.f.) The eye complaints appear more in such cases that the illumination level due to the general lighting and one due to the local lighting differ greatly to each other, that brighter point of luminaire comes into the visual field of the employee, and so on, that is, generally speaking, in the cases in which the quality of lighting is rather poor.g.) The illumination level at the eye has no effect on the ophthalunic complaint.
AN RISING MENACE TO SOCIETY: A CASE SERIES ON IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure. This case series examines the clinical manifestations and therapeutic management of IIH. The patients presented with headache, visual disturbances, and diplopia, with the latter symptom attributed to abducens nerve palsy. Our findings highlight the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of IIH, as delayed diagnosis can lead to irreversible visual loss and other complications. This case series provides valuable insights into the presentation and management of IIH, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and vigilance among healthcare providers.
Influence of surgery on deglutitive upper oesophageal sphincter mechanics in Zenker's diverticulum.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the role of upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) compliance in dysphagia, the functional consequences of surgery were evaluated in eight patients with pharyngeal diverticula. The study examined the hypotheses that hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure is an indicator of UOS compliance and that UOS opening and intrabolus pressure are normalised by surgery. METHODS: In eight patients and nine healthy controls, we measured the timing of swallow events, UOS relaxation, maximal UOS dimensions, intrabolus pressure, and trans-sphincteric bolus flow rates by simultaneous videoradiography and pharyngeal manometry. RESULTS: Bolus flow rates were not changed by surgery. Surgery significantly increased UOS opening (p = 0.0001) and reduced hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure (p = 0.0001). The slope of the relation between sphincter area and intrabolus pressure was steeper in patients than controls and was normalised by surgery. Surgery had minor effects on basal UOS tone and timing of swallow events. CONCLUSIONS: Upper oesophageal sphincter compliance is poor in Zenker's diverticulum and is normalised by surgery. Hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure, which correlates with resistance to trans-sphincteric bolus flow, is a useful indicator of UOS compliance. Intrabolus pressure may be a predictor of outcome after myotomy in pharyngeal dysphagia. Cricopharyngeal myotomy is a mandatory component of surgery for Zenker's diverticulum.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Clinical Symptoms in Females With Breast Cancer

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Cancer is one of the most serious chronic diseases and risk factors for population health. Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in females. Today, some researchers in the field of clinical psychology by the implementation of psychosocial interventions sought to examine these effects on psychopathology in patients with breast cancer. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the improvement of cognitive emotion regulation and decrease of clinical symptoms in females with breast cancer. Methods: Sixteen females with breast cancer who referred to radiation oncology centers of Mashhad, Iran, were selected and randomly assigned (with Graph Pad software) into two groups of eight as intervention and control groups .The participants in the pretest, posttest and follow-up (four months) were examined by cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). Intervention group received eight sessions of two hours (one day per week) of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and controls were placed on a waiting list. Data were analyzed by SPSS using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in the rate of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. But no significant differences were observed in the increase of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and decrease of clinical symptoms between the two intervention and control groups. Conclusions: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy may be effective to reduce maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.