jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Neurotological Approach to Olfactory Vertigo

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

におい刺激でおこるめまいの機序を明かにし, その診断法, 治療法を開発する目的で一連の検査が行われ, 次の成果がえられた.(1) におい負荷平衡試験を考案した. この検査では, アリナミン (Diallyl sulfide) 溶液2ml (10mg) のアンプルより1mlをとり出し, それをしみこませた綿花 (1cm3) を被検者の鼻孔前1cmの箇所におき, 口を軽くとぢ, 安静呼吸で60秒間鼻呼吸を命ずる. 刺激中止後10分で愁訴, とくにめまいの変動を問診で確かめ, 各種平衡機能検査で客観化する.(2) (1) で述べた検査を正常成人に実施したがめまいの誘発や平衡失調の出現はなかった. しかし, 頭頸部外傷によるめまい例に施行すると, 次の成績がえられた.1) 受傷後, ある種のにおい物質に過敏となり, それを嗅ぐとめまいをおこした経験のあるものにのみ上述の平衡試験は陽性所見を示した.2) におい負荷平衡試験が陽性所見を示したものはすべて“アドレナリン負荷平衡試験; 桧, 他”が陽性所見を示した. この際, 両者の平衡試験で誘発される平衡失調は, その潜時, その形において相似する傾向を示し, 何れも delayed response を示す傾向が強かった.3) におい刺激で誘発される平衡失調型は病巣の局在と密接に相関した.4) 上肢小脳症状検査で陽性所見を示したものはにおい負荷平衡試験が陽性であることが多く, かつ前者の症状がつよいものほど後者の試験の陽性頻度が高かった.5) 我々が発表した“心因性めまい検出を意図した平衡試験”でA型平衡失調 (心身症型) を示すものは, におい負荷平衡試験で陽性所見をうることが多かった. しかし, A型平衡失調を示すものでも後者の平衡試験が陰性のものもあり, B型平衡失調 (非心身症型) を呈するものでも後者の平衡試験が陽性であることが少なくなかった.6) におい刺激で誘発されるめまい. 平衡失調の治療には cloxazolam (Benzodiazepime 系 minor tranquilizer) は効果がある. しかし, 小脳機能異常を有する例ではその効果を期待しがたい.以上の成績とこれまでにえた動物実験の成績より次の結論をのべた.(1) におい刺激でめまいが誘発される機序のうち, 大脳辺縁系 (とくに扁桃核) 中にふくまれる交感成分の活動性亢進は重要な因子である.(2) におい刺激で誘発されるめまいの機序のうち, 小脳は primary neural element ではない. しかし, その何れかの神経要素に作用し, 機能異常を助長して, におい刺激によるめまい・平衡失調の出現に促進的役割を果す.(3) 心身症によるめまいの機序とにおい刺激で誘発されるめまいの機序は overlap し, 相互に影響を与える可能性はあるが, それぞれの機序が独立した面をもつことを肯定すべきである.(4) 中枢神経系の交感神経成分の活動性抑制を目的とする操作はこの種めまい. 平衡失調の治療法として有用性がある.
The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in healthy men with normolipidemia: limits of variation and relationship with other lipid parameters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Article The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in healthy men with normolipidemia: limits of variation and relationship with other lipid parameters was published on December 1, 2014 in the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (volume 52, issue 12).
Numerical modelling of interface scattering of seismic wavefield from a random rough interface in an acoustic medium: comparison between 2D and 3D cases

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Seismic wavefield scattering from a statistically randomly rough interface in a multilayered piecewise homogeneous medium is studied in 3D. The influence of the surface roughness on the scattered wavefield is analysed numerically by using a finite‐difference operator in the acoustic domain. Since interface scattering in the real practical sense is a 3D physical phenomenon, we show in this work that the scattering response of a randomly rough interface is not the same in 3D situations as in the 2D cases described in some earlier works. For a given interface roughness height in 3D, an interface roughness height at least three times greater is required to produce an equivalent phase scattering effect in 2D situations, for a given correlation length of the interface roughness scale. Based on observations from spectral analysis, we show that scattering results principally in de‐phasing and frequency band‐limiting of the incident wavefront, the frequency band‐limiting properties being comparable to cases reported in the literature for absorption and thin‐layer filtering. The interface scattering phenomenon should be critically considered when using amplitude and phase information from seismic signal during inversion processes.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and response to plasmapheresis in Guillain–Barré syndrome: a prospective observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) is one of the most severe neurological diseases that causes marked disability and even death. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker for GBS and response to treatment with plasmapheresis. Methods Seventy-five subjects (35 GBS patients and 40 healthy controls) were recruited. Complete general and neurological examinations were performed and Hughes disability scale score was evaluated for assessing functional motor deficits in GBS patients. In addition, NLR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level were calculated. Results NLR was significantly higher in GBS patients than in controls ( p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in axonal form than other demyelinating and mixed subtypes ( p < 0.02). Patients with a poor outcome had a significantly high NLR than patients with a good outcome ( p = 0.006). NLR was also positively correlated with Hughes disability scale score ( p < 0.001). The cut-off value for NLR to predict a good response of patients to plasmapheresis was ≤ 4.4. Interpretation NLR may be a rapid, simple, inexpensive biomarker for predicting the severity of GBS, outcome of patients, and their response to plasmapheresis.
Responsiveness to Different National Interests: Voting Behaviour on Genetically Modified Organisms in the Council of the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Does voting behaviour in the Council of Ministers reflect different national interests? In this article, we explore this question by studying requests for authorization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The fact that GMOs constitute a highly contentious issue in the European Union enables us to look underneath the ‘culture of consensus’ which usually characterizes voting behaviour in the Council. We argue that the focus on one issue area can help us to discover more specific voting patterns than those that have previously been found in EU legislative studies. Indeed, based on a dataset comprising all authorization requests voted on in the Council between 2004 and 2014, we find that ministers' voting behaviour is significantly influenced by important national factors such as public opinion, party politics, and structural as well as sectoral interests.
Mastering the cyber security skills crisis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The cyber security skills crisis is a key policy issue in many countries, and governments look to universities to address it. The chapter outlines cyber security education as being multi-faceted and multidisciplinary and then identifies current gaps in university-based offerings. The chapter proposes a new multi-level matrix, the Cyberspace Education Framework. This framework allows a high-level comprehensive view of cyberspace education. Current generalist Master's programmes in Australia are investigated and it is proposed that mission-specific and purpose-driven courses may better prepare students and address the skills crisis than generalist degrees. A survey of cyber security Master's students at one university and discussions with other stakeholders revealed a contrast between expectations. The chapter then compares the current educational learning outcomes of Master's programmes in Australia with the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) set out in the US Government's work standards document as a proxy for what would be required for five cyber work roles of high national importance to Australia. The chapter concludes that the requirement for purpose-driven and mission-specific cyber security education is increasing and recommends that this become a focus of new initiatives in cyber security education.
ESR studies on the paramagnetic species detected in marine seed pearls.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ESR observations were carried out for the seed pearls obtained from Uwa Sea in Ehime prefecture. The seed pearls used for ESR observation were classified in several groups on the basis of their different appearance and, color. The satin white and the pale yellow seed pearls revealed ESR hyperfine structure typical to manganese(II) ion doped into the aragonite matrix in calification phase of biominerals. On the other hand, however, the pearls contaning the blackish materials gave ESR signal of an organic free radical assignable to that contained in melanin, as justified from the isotopic g-factor (g), line width(8) (g=2.0045 and δ=0.8mT), and the microwave saturation behaviour. In this case, the observed hyperfine structre of manganese(II) was found to be much similar to that of manganese (II) doped in calcite rather than that in aragonite matrix. With increasing the ESR intensity of organic free radical (spin/g), the ESR of manganese(II) showed a concomitant decrease in the apparent signal intensity. This suggests that the accumulation of melanin-like free radical in the prismatic pearl layer would be one of the important mechanism to explain the blackish color change occurring in the pearl during the cultivation.
Counterheritage: Critical Perspectives on Heritage Conservation in Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction 1. Mindoro 2. Disenchanted Europeans 3. Modernity and Superstition in Asia 4. Stupas in Thailand 5. Building and Rebuilding Temples 6. Seagoing Gods: Popular Religion and Migration 7. Treasure Islands 8. Moments in a History of Collecting 9. The Problem with 'Looting' References 10. Beyond Heritage
On Walter Benjamin’s World and Time

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Walter Benjamin thus defines the current social order as a manifestation of demonic forces with the rule of the current profane order under the Prince of this world Satan. The divine is thus not vested in the current order but in revolution towards the world to come with the inversion of the hierarchy where the first will be last and the last will be first. Benjamin argues that in this world divine power is higher than divine powerlessness as religious power does not liberate the weak at present but in the world to come the weak will be strong and will be more powerful than those who are currently powerful in a religious hierarchy. The weak and poor will be set free with the coming of the Messiah who will invert social organizations and class systems.
A Low-Profile Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna With an AMC Surface for WLAN Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, a novel low-profile dual-band dual-polarized antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented. Two sets of bowtie patches are introduced to form two dipoles in ±45° polarizations. Two integrated baluns are used to excite the dipoles. By inserting an AMC surface, the antenna can achieve unidirectional radiation pattern and low-profile characteristics. The height of the proposed antenna is 0.088λ0 at 2.4 GHz. It can provide measured 15.6% (2.36-2.76 GHz) and 9.3% (5.12-5.62 GHz) relative bandwidth, respectively. Port-to-port isolation higher than 22 dB can be realized. Stable radiation patterns with peak gain of 7.2 dBi in lower band and 7.3 dBi in upper band are also obtained. The proposed antenna can be used for multiband base stations for WLAN applications.
Gastrulation inducing potencies of endophyll and Rauber's sickle in isolated caudocranially oriented prestreak avian blastoderm quadrants (or fragments) in vitro.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Unincubated quail and prestreak chicken blastoderms were sectioned into cranial, caudal and lateral quadrants and cultured in vitro. Whilst in the caudal and lateral quadrants (containing both endophyll and Rauber's sickle material) a primitive streak (PS) developed, in the cranial quadrants (where merely central endophyll is present) only an ectoblastic thickening (early gastrula: phase I of gastrulation) appeared. If, however, sickle material was grafted on a cranial quadrant then a PS developed (phase II of gastrulation). In the anti-sickle region (lacking sickle material and endophyll) no gastrular differentiation occurred spontaneously. The grafting of endophyll and/or Rauber's sickle evokes here also phase I or II of gastrulation. When the endophyll was removed from the caudal quadrant no PS appeared. If, however, endophyll was replaced, a PS and neurula developed. Our study demonstrates that the presence of endophyll is necessary to obtain an early gastrular development (phase I of gastrulation). It seems also to have an influence on the formation of the future neurectodermal region by induction of a thickening of the cranial upper layer. Only when both endophyll and sickle material were present, a PS formed in caudal quadrants. In the caudal quadrant, the endophyll (which seems to represent the vegetative pole of the avian blastula) does not regenerate, neither from the upper layer, nor from Rauber's sickle (containing blastoporal material: Callebaut and Van Nueten: 1994).
Biological optimization of the dose in pancreatic cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the last decades, many attempts were made to optimize the biological effect of RT in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. The use of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy was certainly successful, with the most promising results achieved with the combination of several drugs with RT or with innovative modalities of administration of concomitant chemotherapy. A dose effect in resected tumors seems suggested by some studies; while the use of high doses in inoperable tumors did not result in significant advantages in terms of response and outcome, a significant correlation between dose and toxicity was observed. Altered fractionations were not studied systematically, though an accelerated-hypofractionated (30 Gy in 10 fractions) treatment is indicated as feasible in combination with concomitant chemotherapy with results similar to those achieved with conventional fractionations and a markedly shorter duration. Based on the small improvements recorded in the treatment of these tumors, the evaluation of newer treatment modalities seems justified.
Changing trends in the management of lower-limb ischaemia: A 17-year review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Over a 17-year period, 2930 vascular procedures were performed for chronic lower-limb occlusive disease. During this time, the total vascular surgical workload rose significantly as a result of an increase in the rates of arterial reconstruction and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Although the major lower-limb amputation rate did not change significantly, there was a decrease in the above- to below-knee ratio. In addition, there were significant increases in the percentage of patients treated over the age of 75 years and the proportion of attempted revascularizations before amputation. The mortality rates for arterial reconstruction, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and amputation did not change significantly during the study period. The duration of hospital stay increased significantly for patients undergoing amputation and decreased significantly for those receiving arterial reconstruction.
[Comparative characteristics of haemostasis in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are an increased spontaneous platelet aggregation and decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation in old-aged people with diabetes I than in healthy subjects. In diabetes II the ADP-induced platelet aggregation was increased. In diabetes I and II intravascular coagulation strengthens, while in II type diabetes these changes are less, than in type I. It is associated with a later age of diabetes II and its complications occurrence.
Indexing household resilience to food insecurity shocks: The case of South Sudan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on a number of household characteristics, livelihood capitals and endowments, we generate a household food security resilience index. The rationale of the paper is premised on the notion that resilience to food insecurity is a property of wealth and thus its proxy. The study explored the statistical robustness and efficiency of the technique in providing evidence for triggering alerts and action for curbing risk of food insecurity uncertainties. It is established that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is helpful in constructing a summary measure (referred to here as Household Resilience Index or HRI in short) that is an efficient proxy for wealth index, which is based on consumption data, and that predicts per capita consumption very well. The paper elaborates six distinctive characteristics of the HRI that support its adoption and use. The dataset used in the study is from the 2009 South Sudan National Household Baseline Survey.
Ammonothermal growth of bulk GaN crystals (Conference Presentation)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in the ammonothermal growth of bulk, single crystal GaN will be presented. Building on demonstrated improvements in growth rate and purity of basic ammonothermal GaN crystals using capsule systems, new experimental setups were developed enabling in situ temperature measurements of the supercritical fluid simultaneously in the growth and dissolution zone during crystal growth. New insight which has been gained leveraging these probes will be presented, with a particular focus on impurity incorporation trends over a range of process conditions and fundamental insight into the growth kinetics. The continued pursuit of improved growth rate and reduced defect density material has led to the development of novel autoclave systems which may permit exploration of novel chemistries to enable growth of bulk III-N crystals using the ammonothermal method.
POLITICS AND POWER IN MALTESE PROVERBS AND IDIOMS / IL-POLITIKA U L-POTER FIL-PROVERBJI U L-IDJOMI MALTIN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Given its centuries-old origins and the inimitable mix of Semitic and Latinized vocabulary, the Maltese language benefits from a massive repertoire of proverbs and idioms that interpret life realities from the perspective of the common folks. The scope of this paper is to decipher a number of Maltese proverbs and idioms that encompass elements of political power and control. Each selected expression is probed in terms of political theory and contextualized from a sociological and anthropological standpoint. Such an analysis provides a cornucopia of diachronic and synchronic insights on how the Maltese perceive power and manipulation, judge the elites and the privileged, assess the art of politics and treat patronage and clientelism. “The wit of one and the wisdom of many” has organically led them to affirm their conviction that power manipulation, greed and elite collegiality, distortion of political virtues and exploitation of power games to the leverage of both the disadvantaged and the privileged are universal realities. In other words, these phenomena involving power and politics exist independently of the locals’ perceptions or interpretations. Bħala lingwa millenarja b’influwenzi mill-ilsna semitiċi u Latini, il-Malti għandu repertorju għani ta’ proverbji u idjomi li jinterpretaw ir-realtajiet tal-ħajja minn għajnejn il-popolin. L-iskop ta’ din ir-riċerka huwa li janalizza għadd minn dawn il-proverbji u idjomi li jinkorporaw aspetti marbutin mal-politika, il-poter u l-kontroll tal-massa mill-elit. Kull proverbju magħżul huwa diskuss fil-qafas tat-teorija politika u kuntestwalizzat mil-lat soċjoloġiku u antropoloġiku. Din l-analiżi ssawwar riflessjonijiet dijakroniċi u sinkroniċi ta’ kif il-Maltin jaħsbuha dwar il-poter u l-manipulazzjoni tal-massa, kif jiġġudikaw l-elit u l-klassi pprivileġġjata, kif jassessjaw l-arti politika u kif jitrattaw il-patrunaġġ u l-klijentaliżmu. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0783/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
KINETIC AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENT EXECUTION MODES OF STAG LEAP WITH AND WITHOUT THROW- CATCH BALL IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Visual analysis of rhythmic gymnastics shows that the greatest difficulty lies in jumps. Performing jump with optimal speed, great amplitude, and better coordination and without any mistakes, does not depend only on the gymnast's capacity but also on the apparatus used, the jump made and the applied momentum. The objective was to study the qualities of strength, speed and flexibility developed during the three execution modes of stag leap with ring with and without throw-catch ball. Seven gymnasts from the national rhythmic gymnastics team aged between 15 to 21 years participated in this study. The protocol in making three stag leaps with rings consist of the following: the first without apparatus, the second with throwing ball during the chasse step, and the third with throwing ball at the time of pulse during stag leap with ring. The basic descriptive parameters and statistical significance of differences were determined by using the SPSS 20.0, statistical program for data processing. The results show a significant variation at p <0.05 in the execution factors when introducing apparatus such as, horizontal and vertical velocity, right knee angle, force, horizontal displacement of toe, the angular momentum of the centre of mass and angular velocity of right leg. This decrease differs according to the moment of throwing the ball. In conclusion, we can argue that introducing ball during the chasse step causes a change in the basic performance factors.
Reducing Dielectric Confinement Effect Enhances Carrier Separation in Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Photocatalysts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) with alternating structure of the organic and inorganic layers have a natural quantum well structure. The difference of dielectric constants between organic and inorganic layers in this structure results in the enhancement of dielectric confinement effect, which exhibits a large exciton binding energy and hinders the separation of electron‐hole pairs. Herein, a strategy to reduce the dielectric confinement effect by narrowing the dielectric difference between organic amine molecule and [PbBr 6 ] 4− octahedron is put forward. The Ethanolamine (EOA) contains hydroxyl groups, resulting in the positive and negative charge centers of O and H non‐overlapping, which generated a larger polarity and dielectric constant. The reduced dielectric constant produces a smaller exciton binding energy (71.03 meV) of (C 2 H 7 NO) 2 PbBr 4 ((EOA) 2 PbBr 4 ) than (C 8 H 11 N) 2 PbBr 4 ((PEA) 2 PbBr 4 (156.07 meV), and promotes the dissociation of electrons and holes. The increasing of lifetime of photogenerated carrier in (EOA) 2 PbBr 4 are proved by femtosecond transient absorption spectra. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have also indicated that the small energy shift of the total density of states (DOS) between the C/H/N and the Pb/Br in (EOA) 2 PbBr 4 favors the separation of electrons and holes. In addition, this work demonstrates the application of (PEA) 2 PbBr 4 and (EOA) 2 PbBr 4 in the field of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction.