jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrated assessment of legume production challenged by European policy interaction: A case-study approach from French and German dairy farms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Legumes, which currently show low production levels in the European Union, can reduce negative environmental externalities of agricultural systems by lowering nitrogen (N) fertilization and increasing protein self-sufficiency. This has led to the introduction of coupled support in France, in contrast to Germany. However, the German implementation of the Nitrates Directive is more favorable for legumes. Our study assesses economic and environmental impacts of these two policies affecting legume production. We employ the bio-economic model FarmDyn, representing French and German dairy farms. The results suggest that relatively low levels of coupled support can lead to modest increases in legume production, but that more substantial changes require considerable subsidies. Allowing the French farm to apply manure on legumes, as is already possible in Germany, fosters legume production while considerably reducing the use of synthetic N fertilizer and imported protein-rich feed. However, environmental benefits are limited.
“At heart, I am a village person”: An interview with Bhalchandra Nemade

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bhalchandra Nemade is the author of six novels, ranging from Kosla (1963) to Hindu (2010). He has also published two collections of poetry and several substantial books of criticism. He occupied a significant place in Bombay literary life in the 1960s and is at the center of the Marathi canon today. In this interview, conducted in Dahisar, Mumbai in 2011 and continued in 2015 in Santa Cruz, Mumbai, Nemade discusses his studies in Pune, and his early encounters with the Marathi tradition, his arrival in Bombay and involvement with the journal Rahasyaranjan. He recounts his move to Aurangabad and his part in establishing the little magazine Vacha, and his connections and collaborations with other writers in the intellectual and artistic milieu of the 1960s and after. Nemade also reflects on his defence of nativism or deshivad, and his misgivings about the place of English in Indian education.
Cell cycle co-ordination in embryo cloning by nuclear transfer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Exciting new opportunities in embryo cloning have been made possible by recent studies on the interaction of the donor nucleus with the recipient cytoplasm after embryo reconstruction. This article reviews information regarding the co-ordination of nuclear and cytoplasmic events during embryo reconstruction, in particular the direct and indirect effects of maturation/ meiosis/mitosis-promoting factor (MPF), upon the transferred nucleus. This will be discussed in relation to DNA replication, the maintenance of correct ploidy, the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities and development of reconstructed embryos. Although this review is primarily concerned with the reconstruction of mammalian embryos, specific examples from amphibians will also be cited.
Age Composition of Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

20, 600 individuals of Theragra chaigogramma (Pallas) were•angled in the waters 8 miles NW of Iwanai Harbour, Hokkaidô and 10 miles off Teradomari Harbour, Niigata Pref. from Dec. 1935 to Mar. 1936. With regard to 525 samples out of them, the body lengths and weights were measured, the age was determined counting the winter rings on vertebra, and the sex and mat rity were also determined (Table 1, 2 and Fig. 1). Following results are obtained. (1) Sex ratio is nearly the same for both of the fishing grounds, namely male 40% and female 60% (2) In the opening fishing season, the shoals are mainly consisted from immature fishes, while, in the closing season the percentage of spent fishes markedly increases. (3) Shoals are composed of the 6 age groups of 3 to 8 years old. (4) On the both fishing grounds investigated, is the growth rate nearly the same.
Statistical Comparison of Leachate from Hazardous, Codisposal, and Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract There has been considerable debate regarding the chemical characterization of landfill leachate in general and the comparison of various types of landfill leachate (e.g., hazardous, codisposal, and municipal) in particular. For example, the preamble to the U.S. EPA Subtitle D regulation (40 CFR Parts 257 and 258) suggests that there are no significant differences between the number and concentration of toxic constituents in hazardous versus municipal solid waste landfill leachate. The purpose of this paper is to statistically test this hypothesis in a large leachate database comprising 1490 leachate samples from 283 sample points (i.e., monitoring location such as a leachate sump) in 93 landfill waste cells (i.e., a section of a facility that took a specific waste slream or collection of similar waste streams) from 48 sites with municipal, codisposal, or hazardous waste site histories. Results of the analysis reveal clear differention between landfill leachate types, both in terms of constituents detected and their concentrations. The result of the analysis is a classification function that can estimate the probability that new leachate or ground water sample was produced by the disposal of municipal, codisposal, or hazardous waste. This type of computation is illustrated, and applications of the model to Superfund cost‐allocation problems are discussed.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 10 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Ophiorrhiza macgregorii" ] } The dataset includes 10 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0058551-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Influence of Compression Loading on Acoustic Emission and Light Polarization Features in TeO2 Crystal

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring the processes inside crystalline materials under their operating conditions is of great interest in optoelectronics and scientific instrumentation. Early defect detection ensures the proper functioning of multiple crystal-based devices. In this study, a combination of acoustic emission (AE) sensing and cross-polarization imaging is proposed for the fast characterization of the crystal’s structure. For the experiments, tellurium dioxide (TeO2) crystal was chosen due to its wide use in acousto-optics. Studies were performed under uniaxial compression loading with a simultaneous acquisition of AE signals and four polarized optical images. An analysis of the temporal dependencies of the AE data and two-dimensional maps of the light depolarization features was carried out in order to establish quantitative criteria for irreversible damage initiation and crack-like defect formation. The obtained results reveal the polarization image patterns and the AE pulse duration alteration specific to these processes, and they open up new possibilities for non-destructively monitoring in real-time the structure of optically transparent crystals under their operating conditions.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 1662 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Chrysolophus pictus", "Country is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 1662 records from 33 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024441-250802193616735/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Hypoglycaemia Due to Isolated Corticotrophin-deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BDIAL O immediately treated.The Denis Browne splint offers an easy and entirely acceptable approach to the problem of keeping the child in the corrected position.It is light ; easily manageable by the mother; the child can be picked up and carried as in a portable crib; the child seemingly enjoys his position and placement in this splint ; and there is no problem such is found in placing these children into a cast or even a Milwaukee brace.Our approach, therefore, to the manage- ment of the child with idiopathic or other forms of scoliosis is to use our best judgment and avail ourselves of all the modalities of treatment which have been found to be useful.I place the Denis Browne splint in this category, and I would further say that if there is any form of treatment that should be carried out routinely on any infant with postural or structural curvature of the spine the Denis Browne splint offers the only logical means of handling this problem.While in many cases the treatment may be superfluous and unnecessary it certainly does no harm either to the emotions of the mother, the child, or to anyone else.In scoliosis I have the strong feeling that it is better to overtreat rather than to undertreat.I therefore agree with Sir Denis Browne's concepts of proper management of the infantile scoliotic, even though in many instances it might be postural and spontaneously resolving.-Iam, etc.,
Approximate solutions for an acoustic plane wave propagation in a layer with high sound speed gradient

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The present authors previously obtained an exact solution for propagation of the incident acoustic plane wave in a wind-induced bubbly surface layer where sound speed gradient is high. Based on the solution, the dependence of the grazing angle of the energy flux vector of the incident wave at the surface on the grazing angle of the incident wave at the bottom of the layer was obtained and utilised for calculations of the surface reflection loss. However, the solution in its original formulation is represented via an infinite slowly converging series which makes the use of the solution in practical calculations difficult. In this paper, this solution is simplified with the assumption that the grazing angle at the bottom of the layer as well as some other parameters depending on the frequency and wind speed are small. The convergence of the infinite series is improved using a special technique. Approximate solutions are obtained for the cases where the small parameters can be neglected and where the terms up to the third order with respect to the small parameters are taken into account. Zones of validity are derived for the approximate solutions as well as for the Snell's law of ray acoustics. The results of this paper allow the prediction of the grazing angle at the surface within the zones of validity of the approximate solutions using simple calculations with only the wind speed, the frequency and the equilibrium sound speed as the input parameters. Copyright © (2013) by the Australian Acoustical Society.
The date of onset of puberty in ewe lambs as an indicator of the ability to breed out-of-season

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 134ewe lambs born in 199 1 from the Ruakura “Kamo”out-of-season breeding flock were run with harnessed vasectomised rams from weaning and inspected weekly for onset of puberty and subsequent oestms activity. The breeding values for date of lambing (BV) for these animals were calculated from a pedigree and performance database. Multiple regression analysis were performed to determine the value of factors associated with hogget oestrus for predicting BV. While all the factors analysed, date of puberty, age and weight at puberty and number of subsequent oestrus cycles, had significant effects, none were as useful a predictor as date of biih (Bday). Season of birth (autumn vs spring) also exerted considerable influence on date of fiit tup and number of cycles.The results indicate that the best method of selection at present is that basedon date of birth. Further research is needed to understand the interaction between season of birth and BV as they influence the onset of puberty.
Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics: A Ray of Hope or Nightmare?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The role of various probiotic microorganisms with a particular emphasis on their therapeutic use in human health and disease has been highlighted by diverse scientific research reports. Due to improvement and introduction of new technologies useful to understand the functionality and mode of action of probiotics with respect to nutritional as well as health perspectives, the research on probiotics has recently grabbed the attention of manufacturers, regulators as well as researchers. Currently there are clinical trial based evidences to support the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in various types of diarrheal diseases, chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, oral health etc. However, due to inadequate awareness about risks associated with the probiotics amongst physicians, regulatory authorities, consumers and manufacturers many attributes like quality, safety and efficacy require urgent attention. At the same time regulatory guidelines for these products face ambiguity. So, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the true status of probiotic products available in market with respect to all above mentioned parameters and to formulate harmonized regulatory guidelines for the manufacturing of probiotic products. Conclusion: The present compilation aims to highlight the progression of probiotic research related to therapeutic potentials of probiotics, clinical trials on probiotics, risks and regulatory concerns associated with probiotics and their use.
Deep learning of algorithmic trading strategies & limit order book dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The transcendental advancements over the past decade in automated trading systems and theoretical models of deep learning have led to the rise of machines as the primordial arbiter of decision making in financial markets. Consequently, markets organised around limit order books (LOB) have come to be dominated by algorithmic trading strategies based on objective rules derived form the market microstructure. Traders are increasingly capable of wielding deep learning tools to extract complex abstract hierarchical representations from the plethora of high-frequency financial data available. Despite these manifest changes to the trader ecosystem driven by significant investment in automated technology and algorithms, there remain only fractured frameworks through which regulators, practitioners and academics view this new complex and intricate trader environment. The objective of this thesis is to develop deep learning models capable of defining algorithmic traders in this new environment by the type of strategy the firm is conducting, analysing the impact of these strategies on UL equity market quality and modelling the nexus between algorithmic trading strategies and LOB dynamics.
Patients' ratings of genetic conditions validate a taxonomy to simplify decisions about preconception carrier screening via genome sequencing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in genome sequencing and gene discovery have created opportunities to efficiently assess more genetic conditions than ever before. Given the large number of conditions that can be screened, the implementation of expanded carrier screening using genome sequencing will require practical methods of simplifying decisions about the conditions for which patients want to be screened. One method to simplify decision making is to generate a taxonomy based on expert judgment. However, expert perceptions of condition attributes used to classify these conditions may differ from those used by patients. To understand whether expert and patient perceptions differ, we asked women who had received preconception genetic carrier screening in the last 3 years to fill out a survey to rate the attributes (predictability, controllability, visibility, and severity) of several autosomal recessive or X‐linked genetic conditions. These conditions were classified into one of five taxonomy categories developed by subject experts (significantly shortened lifespan, serious medical problems, mild medical problems, unpredictable medical outcomes, and adult‐onset conditions). A total of 193 women provided 739 usable ratings across 20 conditions. The mean ratings and correlations demonstrated that participants made distinctions across both attributes and categories. Aggregated mean attribute ratings across categories demonstrated logical consistency between the key features of each attribute and category, although participants perceived little difference between the mild and serious categories. This study provides empirical evidence for the validity of our proposed taxonomy, which will simplify patient decisions for results they would like to receive from preconception carrier screening via genome sequencing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CREED INCREASED ACQUIRED

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research deals with a set of matters that every Muslim must take into account in order to obtain a good gain, including: the intention, and its role in directing to a good gain, and it is known that the intention in general is a legitimate requirement in all actions, then the doctrine of monotheism and the meaning of the creed in language and idiomatically And the concept of monotheism, and the association of earnings with the monotheism of deism from several aspects, such as: belief that God is the Creator of everything and is the Provider, belief that God Almighty is rich in His creation, and that He, glory be to Him, is the best among His servants in sustenance. Then the hadith touched on the meaning of destiny and destiny and its effect on earning, as it makes a person seek sustenance from his place, lack of haste in livelihood, lack of dependence, and the imperative for the Muslim to be satisfied with what is estimated for him.
Muscle‐derived exophers promote reproductive fitness

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Organismal functionality and reproduction depend on metabolic rewiring and balanced energy resources. However, the crosstalk between organismal homeostasis and fecundity and the associated paracrine signaling mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we discovered that large extracellular vesicles (known as exophers) previously found to remove damaged subcellular elements in neurons and cardiomyocytes are released by body wall muscles (BWM) to support embryonic growth. Exopher formation (exopheresis) by BWM is sex-specific and a non-cell autonomous process regulated by developing embryos in the uterus. Embryo-derived factors induce the production of exophers that transport yolk proteins produced in the BWM and ultimately deliver them to newly formed oocytes. Consequently, offspring of mothers with a high number of muscle-derived exophers grew faster. We propose that the primary role of muscular exopheresis is to stimulate reproductive capacity, thereby influencing the adaptation of worm populations to the current environmental conditions.
The Effects of Infection by Rust (Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke) on the Growth of Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) Cultivated under a Range of Nutrient Concentrations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.), healthy or infected with the rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke, was grown at a range of nutrient concentrations in sand culture. There were statistically significant interactions between the effects of infection and nutrient supply upon the dry weights of stems, leaves, roots and reproductive tissues, leaf area and cumulative capitulum production. This interaction occurred since infection caused significant inhibitions of growth only at moderate or high nutrient concentrations. At low concentrations rusted plants were similar to or slightly larger than controls. Both in controls and rusted plants root: shoot ratios increased as nutrient supply declined. The ratio of root: shoot dry weight was consistently reduced by infection whilst root length: leaf area ratio was relatively unchanged. More detailed investigations confirmed that infection had little effect on plant growth under nutrient deficient conditions despite suppression of the host's ability to increase root: shoot ratios in response to nutrient stress. This reflected the inhibition of relative growth rates in rusted plants at high but not low nutrient concentrations, which in turn reflected reduced net assimilation rates (NAR). Increases in leaf-area ratio (LAR) often ameliorated the decline in NAR in rusted plants.
Extracorporeal Photopheresis Promotes IL-1β Production

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a widely used clinical cell-based therapy exhibiting efficacy in heterogenous immune-mediated diseases such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma, graft-versus-host disease, and organ allograft rejection. Despite its documented efficacy in cancer immunotherapy, little is known regarding the induction of immunostimulatory mediators by ECP. In this article, we show that ECP promotes marked release of the prototypic immunostimulatory cytokine IL-1β. ECP primes IL-1β production and activates IL-1β maturation and release in the context of caspase-1 activation in monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Of interest, IL-1β maturation by ECP was fully intact in murine cells deficient in caspase-1, suggesting the predominance of an inflammasome-independent pathway for ECP-dependent IL-1β maturation. Clinically, patient analysis revealed significantly increased IL-1β production in stimulated leukapheresis concentrates and peripheral blood samples after ECP. Collectively, these results provide evidence for promotion of IL-1β production by ECP and offer new insight into the immunostimulatory capacity of ECP.
An investigation of fluid transport in porous solids using nuclear magnetic resonance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A commercially available NMR spectrometer has been used to investigate fluid transport within porous solids. Two water-wet porous solids were investigated. The first was a sample of Fontainebleau sandstone, and the second was an idealised porous solid made from a random packing of glass beads. The samples were saturated with two immiscible phases, i.e. an oil and water phase. Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR measurements of one- and two-dimensional displacement probability distributions are reported, for steady-state flow and diffusion, within two phase saturated porous solids. Measurements were made with the porous solids prepare in different steady-state saturations. NMR relaxation measurements are also reported. Using the NMR data it was possible to evaluate the physical importance of parameters such as wettability and phase saturation on transport phenomena in two phase saturated porous solids. Various computer simulations were developed to model the experimental data.