jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Endoscopic Diagnosis for Gastrointestinal Bleed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series known to occur in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It can occur in any organ or tissue, but the most common involved areas are the skin, bone/spine, and lymph nodes and infrequently the small intestine. It rarely occurs in the colon and few cases have been reported in the colon in adults. We describe a case where granulocytic sarcoma was endoscopically diagnosed in the colon and terminal ileum in a patient presenting with gastrointestinal bleed. Methods: 82-year-old Caucasian male with past medical history of stroke, GERD, arthritis presented with a chief complaint of weakness, dizziness and fall. Patient denied any melena, or anal bleeding or hematemesis. Medications included aspirin, ibuprofen 2-3 tablets per day and omeprazole. He denied any toxic habits. He was hemodynamically stable and physical exam revealed hepatospenomegaly. Rectal exam revealed guaiac positive brown stool. Laboratory studies showed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Iron studies were within normal limits. Patient was resuscitated and endoscopy was performed. Upper GI endoscopy revealed small polyps in stomach and a hiatal hernia. No erosions or ulcers were seen. On colonoscopy hematin was found in the colon, diverticulosis and a 10 mm polyp was seen 70 cm from the anal verge, which was removed with snare cautery. Terminal Ileum was intubated and hematin and multiple 8-10 mm ulcerations were seen, which were biopsied. Pathology revealed immature cell infiltrate consistent with extramedullary myeloid tumor (granulocytic sarcoma) of the small bowel and colon. Special stains were positive for Myeloperoxidase and CD 43 and negative for CD3, CD 20 and CD138. Results: Treatment was initiated with anthracyline based chemotherapy. The patient tolerated it poorly and deteriorated clinically over the next 3 months when all therapy was stopped secondary to poor performance status and he requested hospice care. Conclusion: This case demonstrates a rare presentation and an unusual way to make this diagnosis. Myeloid sarcoma (aka chloromas, granulocytic sarcomas) may occur as extramedullary masses without evidence of leukemia in blood or marrow, so called non-leukemic myeloid sarcomas or in association with AML. They may occasionally, as in this case be the first manifestation of AML preceding the onset in marrow and blood by weeks, months or years and present as a gastrointestinal bleed.
Towards Inclusive Teaching Through Online Learning: An Example from ROSES.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

composition poses great challenges to content-based image retrieval methods that operate at the granularity of entire images. In this study, we explore a new content-based image retrieval algorithm that mines visual patterns of finer granularities inside a whole image to identify visual instances which can more reliably and generically represent a given search concept. We performed preliminary experiments to validate our new idea for content-based image retrieval and obtained very encouraging results.
Three-dimensional Structure Design of Self-motion Extension Antiriot Shield Based on SolidWorks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The antiriot shield is a type of individual protective equipment that was widely used in the process of dealing with the large-scale antiriots and unrests by the Armed Police Force. It has so many features that convenient for carrying and could effectively protect security for our majority officers and soldiers. However, the traditional riot shield has problem of smaller protection area. The paper is just aimed at solving this problem by using the three-dimensional mechanical designing software SolidWorks, having designed a new kind of automatically expanded riot shield which can be employed during in an emergency situation; the changes of this riot shield’s protection area could be realized by operators for controlling the automatically extended devices which were designed on the shield, this will effectively address the shortcomings that smaller protection area of the present shield, and it will provide a strong security for the majority of the Armed Police officers and soldiers in dealing with the large-scale mass incidents.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY BODY UPON THE GROWTH OF CARCINOMATA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The administration of emulsions of the anterior lobe of the ox pituitary increases very markedly the rate of growth of the primary tumor in rats inoculated with carcinoma. The growth of small tumors is accelerated relatively more than that of large tumors. 2. This acceleration is only evidenced, however, at a certain stage in the growth of the tumor, subsequent to the twentieth day succeeding inoculation. The administrations do not enhance the tendency of the tumors to metastasize. 3. Liver emulsion does not cause an acceleration of the growth of carcinomata in rats.
Constituents of the Essential Oil ofSolidago litoralis, an Endemic Plant from Northern Tuscany (Italy)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The essential oil of Solidago litoralis Savi, a neoendemic from North Tuscany (Italy) has been studied for the first time. The main constituents are myrcene, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene. These results confirm the specific rank of the plant, previously considered a subspecies of S. virgaurea. Key Word Index: Solidago litoralis Asteraceaeessential oil compositionmyrceneα-pinene
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Association Studies: A Few Critical Points

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Uncovering DNA sequence variations that correlate with phenotypic changes, e.g., diseases, is the aim of sequence variation studies. Common types sequence variations are Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced snip).SNPs are the third-generation molecular marker. SNP represents a DNA sequence variant of a single base pair with the minor allele occurring in more than 1% of a given population. There are an approximately 56,000,000 SNPs in the human genome. The broad field of applications for SNPs induced a pressing need for effective instruments for SNP detection. During the last decade a considerable number of methods for SNP discovery (search for new SNPs) and detection (recognition of already known SNPs) were developed. Studying the association between quantitative phenotype and SNPs is an important problem in biology. To understand underlying mechanisms of complex phenotypes, it is often necessary to consider joint genetic effects across multiple SNPs. In this article, SNPs and their role in association studies were reviewed.
QSAR Models for Active Substances against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Disk-Diffusion Test Data

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus included among the six “ESKAPE” microbial species with an outstanding ability to “escape” currently used antibiotics and developing new antibiotics against it is of the highest priority. Whereas minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used previously for QSAR model development, disk diffusion results (inhibition zones) have not been apparently used for this purpose in the literature and we decided to explore their use in this sense. We developed multiple QSAR methods using several machine learning algorithms (support vector classifier, K nearest neighbors, random forest classifier, decision tree classifier, AdaBoost classifier, logistic regression and naïve Bayes classifier). We used four sets of molecular descriptors and fingerprints and three different methods of data balancing, together with the “native” data set. In total, 32 models were built for each set of descriptors or fingerprint and balancing method, of which 28 were selected and stacked to create meta-models. In terms of balanced accuracy, the best performance was provided by KNN, logistic regression and decision tree classifier, but the ensemble method had slightly superior results in nested cross-validation.
Relative Growth of White Crappie and Black Crappie in the United States

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We developed standardized growth models for white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) and black crappie (P. nigromaculatus) populations across the United States from von Bertalanffy growth models utilizing previously published backcalculated length at age data taken from scales. We also developed percentile distributions from backcalculated lengths which indicated results similar to the von Bertalanffy growth models.
Investigating the residential electricity consumption-income nexus in Morocco: a stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In a comprehensive LMDI-STIRPAT-ARDL framework, this research investigates the residential electricity consumption (REC)-income nexus in Morocco for the period 1990 to 2018. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) results show that economic activity and electricity intensity are the leading drivers of Morocco’s REC, followed by population and residential structure. And then, the LMDI analysis was combined with stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) analysis and the bounds testing approach to search for a long-run equilibrium relationship. The empirical results show that REC, economic growth, urbanization, and electricity intensity are cointegrated. The results further show that there exists a U-shaped relationship between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and REC: an increase in per capita GDP reduces REC initially; but, after reaching a turning point (the GDPPC level of 17,145.22 Dh), further increases in per capita GDP increase REC. Regarding urbanization, the results reveal that it has no significant impact on Morocco’s REC. The stability parameters of the short and long-term coefficients of residential electricity demand function are tested. The results of these tests showed a stable pattern. Finally, based on the findings mentioned above, policy implications for guiding the country's development and electricity planning under energy and environmental constraints are given.
Phosphorylation of syndapin I F-BAR domain at two helix-capping motifs regulates membrane tubulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Syndapin I (PACSIN 1) is a synaptically enriched membrane tubulating protein that plays important roles in activity-dependent bulk endocytosis and neuronal morphogenesis. While syndapin I is an in vitro phosphoprotein, it is not known to be phosphorylated in neurons. Here,we report the identification of two phosphorylation sites, S76 and T181, of syndapin I from nerve terminals. Both residues are located at the N-terminal helix-capping motifs (N-Cap) of different α-helices in the F-BAR domain, important for F-BAR homodimer curvature and dimer-dimer filament assembly, respectively. Phospho-mimetic mutations of these residues regulate lipid-binding and tubulation both in vitro and in cells. Neither phosphosite regulated syndapin I function in activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. Rather, T181 phosphorylation was developmentally regulated and inhibited syndapin I function in neuronal morphogenesis. This suggests a novel mechanism for phosphorylation control of an F-BAR function through the regulation of α-helix interactions and stability within the folded F-BAR domain.
Differential privacy for survival analysis and user data collection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of the personal information nowadays exist in the form of digital data which includes sensitive information such as medical records, credit card information, private instant messages, etc. In this research, we aim to investigate the data privacy problem in collecting and mining user sensitive information. We focus our research on: (i) data privacy in survival analysis which uses medical records to learn useful survival models in medical research; and (ii) data privacy in collecting user data which is the current practice of many corporations and governments. We use differential privacy, which is the golden standard in privacy protection, to address the data privacy problem in survival analysis and user data collection. To this end, we aim to achieve the following: • Guaranteeing privacy for survival analysis models which include (i) parametric and nonparametric survival models; and (ii) continuous-time and discrete-time survival regression models. • Guaranteeing privacy for users whose data is collected by corporations and governments. The main contributions of this thesis are given as follows: • For nonparametric survival models, we have proposed a private mechanism for two popular nonparametric estimators, namely Kaplan-Meier estimator and Nelson-Aalen estimator. For parametric survival models, we have proposed a simple private mechanism for accurately estimating the parameter of the exponential distribution. In addition, we have also proposed a private mechanism based on the local sensitivity concept for estimating the parameters of the Weibull distribution. • For estimating uncertainty in parametric survival models, we have proposed a private framework which allows learning the posterior function. Moreover, we have applied the proposed framework to parametric models with Weibull distribution and flexible parametric models. • We have proposed three private approaches for estimating the discrete-time survival regression model, namely extended output perturbation approach, extended objective perturbation approach, and posterior sampling approach. • We have proposed a posterior sampling approach for continuous-time survival regression model. In addition, we have also proposed a posterior perturbing approach which supports a relaxation of differential privacy for scenarios in which differential privacy is impractical. • For user data collection, we have proposed mechanisms which allow each user to publish a randomized vector of categorical data and numerical data. The proposed mechanisms are asymptotically optimal in both accuracy and run-time. Moreover, we have applied the proposed mechanisms to supervised learning problems under the empirical risk minimization framework.
Development of Water Transplant Based Single Core Osmotic Pump for Fluvoxamine Maleate Employing Quality by Design Principles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study draw a bead on preparing single core osmotic pump with improved water transplant by employing Quality by Design (QbD) principles to achieve zero order drug release for prolonged period of time. QbD principles were employed in preparing single core osmotic pump by deriving quality target product profile (QTPP), critical quality attributes (CQA) followed by risk assessment using ishikawa diagram and risk estimation matrix. Box-Behnken Design was employed to study the effect of various independent parameters like concentration of Natrosol 250 HX (X1) and concentration of Xylitab (X2) no. of orifice (X3), on various dependent parameters like lag time (Y1) and time required for release 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% drug (Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5). A controlled space was designed where each criteria or CQA was satisfied. Optimized formulation was further characterized for its efficiency. The results of design suggest the suitability of design for optimization of single core osmotic pump. In the initial period, drug release was driven by no. of orifice which on later stage depends on concentration of swellable polymer and concentration of osmogen. Optimized design was validated by preparing check point batch having less than 5% predicted error. Model fitting with drug release kinetics showed that optimized single core osmotic pump released drug in zero order. Stability data suggested that prepared formulation was stable for 3 month period without significant changes in the CQA. Single core osmotic pump using water transplant was successfully developed for a poorly soluble drug using QbD principles.
Property Tests and Mathematical Model for Magneto-Rheological Fluid

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic particles coated with the carbon are used in the magneto-rheological fluids (MRFs) and the coat-like structure slow down the sedimentation of MRFs. Meanwhile, after the performance tests, the new MRF has the low viscosity and good ability of the recovery. These characters have more advantages in the application fields. Based on the prepared MRF, a shearing model that considers the interaction force between the adjacent chains was presented. By applying the proposed model, some conclusions are reached. The volume ratio of the magnetic particles has an important effect on the yield stress of the MRFs. The shear strain where the maximum shear stress happened has something to do with the volume ratio of the magnetic particles.
Defiant dictatorships: communist and Middle-Eastern dictatorships in a democratic age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction - Defiance As a Stabilising Influence - Communist China - Communist Vietnam - Communist North Korea - Communist Cuba - Baathist Syria - Baathist Iraq - Qadhafi's Libya - Khomeinist Iran - Conclusion: Explanations and Survival Strategies - Appendix: Baathist Ideology and Structure - Notes and References - Bibliography - Index
Ten‐year follow‐up of two cohorts with an increased risk of variant CJD: donors to individuals who later developed variant CJD and other recipients of these at‐risk donors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Transmission of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease ( vCJD ) through blood transfusion is implicated in three deaths and one asymptomatic infection. Based on this evidence, individuals assessed to be at increased risk of vCJD through donating blood transfused to individuals who later developed vCJD , or through being other recipients of such donors, are followed up to further understand the risks of vCJD transmission through blood. Objectives To provide a ten‐year follow‐up of these at‐risk cohorts. Methods Blood donors to patients who later died from vCJD were identified by the Transfusion Medicine Epidemiological Review ( TMER ) study. A reverse risk probability assessment quantified the risk of blood transfusion or exposure through diet as the source of vCJD in the recipients. Donors to these recipients, and these donors’ other recipients, with a probability risk above 1%, are classified as at increased risk of vCJD for public health purposes. These cohorts are monitored for any vCJD occurrences. Results A total of 112 donors and 33 other recipients of their donated blood have been classified as at increased risk. After 2397 and 492 vCJD ‐free years of follow–up, respectively, no deaths in either at‐risk cohort were of vCJD ‐related causes. Conclusions The at‐risk cohorts have survived disease‐free far longer than the estimated incubation time for dietary‐acquired vCJD (donors) and transfusion‐acquired disease (other recipients). However, due to our still limited understanding of, and a lack of a reliable test for, asymptomatic vCJD infection, public health follow‐up is necessary for continued monitoring of at‐risk cohorts.
Scale dependence in occupancy models: implications for estimating bear den distribution and abundance

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring programs are typically designed to identify long‐term trends in animal abundance, however estimating abundance at a relevant scale can be logistically prohibitive. This is particularly true for species that occur at low densities or those with large home ranges. In such cases, occupancy surveys are often employed in place of more expensive abundance estimation techniques such as mark‐recapture because precise estimation of occupancy probability generally requires fewer data. Although choice of plot size is a critical design element of occupancy monitoring, relatively little effort has been expended to develop or test plot size recommendations. Animal movement between surveys can complicate efforts to obtain an optimal plot size, but surveys of fixed objects, such as nests, dens, or burrows can provide insight about scale effects because the population exposed to sampling does not change during the duration of the survey. We used repeated aerial occupancy surveys to obtain estimates of brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) den distribution and abundance in a portion of Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska. We then used these data to assess the importance of plot size selection and highlight the effects of spatial grain on the resulting inference and utility for monitoring. Scale effects in estimates of mean den‐based site occupancy, but not total den abundance demonstrated that careful selection of sample unit size is important if estimating occupancy probability is a primary monitoring objective. We expect occupancy surveys based on important structures such as nests or dens could have wide applicability for many species.
A Model of Dual Fabry–Perot Etalon-Based External-Cavity Tunable Laser Using Finite-Difference Traveling-Wave Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A physical model of an external-cavity tunable laser (ECTL) utilizing the vernier effect of a dual Fabry–Perot (FP) etalon is presented and simulated using the finite-difference traveling wave (FDTW) method. In this paper, we provide a detailed explanation of the physical principle and construction process of the model, as well as the simulation results for the laser. The model is precisely established by studying the time-dependent changes in the carrier concentration and optical field of different wavelengths inside the laser before reaching a steady state. By determining multiple parameters in the tuning region and gain region, the proposed model can calculate and predict various laser parameters, such as output power and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR). Moreover, the FDTW method displays the change process of various parameters, such as carrier concentration and spectrum, in the convergence of various positions in the laser with femtosecond time resolution. This capability is promising for in-depth research on the inner mechanism of lasers.
Kontroversi Status Hukum Nikah Mut'ah (Analisis terhadap Pendapat Para Ulama)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are two issues that always actual in Islamic Marriage/Family Law (Munakahat), which until now has always discussed by scholars, because no matter how much people need a clear legal status, ie Marriage Mut'ah and Sirri. Such controversies are appropriately addressed with no preconceived notions, so that it can be studied with a critical attitude and well mannered (no blasphemy). Marriage mut'ah a variant in which marriage is governed by the contested legitimacy of Islam between Sunnis and Shi'ites. In general, the Sunnis consider mut'ah marriage is a type of marriage is not legitimate or illegitimate based on the testimony of hadith, Umar ibn Khattab fatwa and ijma 'Sunni clerics. As for the Shiites, particularly the Shiite Istna 'Ash'arite, consider mut'ah marriage is allowed or lawful, although in practice they diffe r on some of the implementation. This paper presents the analysis about the formulation of opinions about the scholars on the legal status of marriage mut'ah.