jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A virtual chemical mechanism for prediction of NO emissions from flames

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A reduced order kinetic model for NO (nitric oxide) prediction, based on the virtual chemistry methodology [M. Cailler, N. Darabiha, and B. Fiorina, Development of a virtual optimized chemistry method. Application to hydrocarbon/air combustion, Combust. Flame 211 (2020), pp. 281–302], is developed and applied. Virtual chemistry aims to optimise thermochemical properties and kinetic rate parameters of a network of virtual species and reactions. A virtual main chemical mechanism is dedicated to temperature and heat release prediction and is coupled with the flow governing equations, whereas satellite sub-mechanisms are designed to predict pollutants formation. Two virtual chemistry mechanisms are here employed: a main mechanism for calculating the temperature and heat release rate and a second mechanism dedicated to NO prediction. To recover the chemical structure of multi-mode combustion, both premixed and non-premixed flamelets are included in the learning database used to optimise the virtual NO mechanism. A multi-zone optimisation procedure is developed to accurately capture both fast and slow NO chemistry that include prompt, thermal and reburning pathways. The proposed NO sub-mechanism and optimisation methodology are applied to CH (Formula presented.) /air combustion. Laminar 1-D premixed and non-premixed flamelet configurations are first tested. The approach is then further assessed in 2-D CFD laminar flame simulations, by providing a direct comparison against detailed chemistry. 2-D premixed, non-premixed and partially premixed flame configurations are numerically investigated. For all cases, the virtual mechanism fairly captures temperature and (Formula presented.) chemistry with only 12 virtual species and 8 virtual reactions with a drastic CPU time reduction compared to detailed chemistry.
Response Surface Optimization of Pure Natural Fairy Tofu Production Process

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment was centred on the concept of using pectin gel to manufacture fairy tofu in order to determine the ideal parameters for the creation of natural fairy tofu. Based on the single-factor test, The Box-Behnken central combination design approach was employed to investigate the optimal production process of fairy tofu. According to the findings, there were substantial changes (P<0.05) in the qualitative attributes of tofu at varied material-to-liquid ratios, drying temperatures (the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz ) and grinding temperatures during the production process. The optimal process parameters were: material-to-liquid ratio of 1:60 (g:g), drying temperature of 20 °C and a grinding temperature of 90 °C. The yield of fairy tofu produced under this process parameter was 46.02 g/g, which was 55.33% higher than the yield of fairy tofu produced by the unoptimized process. It indicated that the optimized process conditions for the production of pure natural fairy tofu are feasible and can produce a high-yield and high-quality of fairy tofu. This study provides a theoretical basis for the reuse of the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz . and lays the foundation for the large-scale production of fairy tofu.
Why have you come here?: the Jesuits and the first evangelization of Native America

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Christian evangelism was the ostensible motive for much of the early European interaction with the indigenous population of America. The religious orders of the Catholic Church were the front-line representatives of Western culture and the ones who met indigenous America face-to-face. They were also the primary agents of religious change. In this book, Nicholas Cushner provides the first comprehensive overview and analysis of the American missionary activities of the Jesuits. From the North American encounter with the Indians of Florida in 1565, through Mexico, New France, the Paraguay Reductions, Andean Perus, to contact with Native Americans in Maryland on the eve of the American Revolution, members of the order interacted with both native elites and colonizers. Drawing on the abundant documentation of and scholarship about these encounters, Cushner examines how the Jesuits behaved toward the indigenous population and analyzes the way in which native belief systems were replaced by Christianity. He seeks to understand how and why the initial European-Indian encounter changed not only the religion of the natives, but also their material culture, economic activity, social organization, and even their sexual behavior. Always sensitive to the influence of European cultural filters on Jesuit accounts, Cushner attempts as far as possible to discover the authentic voices of the Native Americans with whom they interacted. The result is a fascinating and highly accessible introduction to the earliest colonial encounters in the Americas.
Prediction of surrounding rock parameters and optimization of support in tunnel crossing fault fracture zones

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The tunnel crosses the fault fracture zone characterized by highly fractured surrounding rock (SR), making it difficult to accurately determine SR parameters, which affects tunnel construction design. An improved GASA-BP inverse analysis algorithm is proposed, which synergistically combines the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Backpropagation (BP) neural network to enhance the prediction accuracy of SR mechanical parameters. The algorithm utilizes the GA’s efficient optimization ability, the SA’s global convergence capability, and the BP’s strong nonlinear fitting performance to establish the mapping relationship among various parameters under the scenario of tunneling through fault fracture zones. The algorithm was applied to predict the SR mechanical parameters at the Yiliang Tunnel crossing the fault fracture zone. The results indicate that the GASA-BP algorithm exhibits superior overall inversion accuracy compared to both the BP and GA-BP algorithms. It achieves accurate and rapid predictions of SR parameters within a reasonable range. Based on the inverse determination of the SR mechanical parameters, grouting reinforcement optimization in the fractured zone section is proposed to control the SR deformation. By comparing the SR displacement, plasticity zone, and the distribution range of the maximum shear strain increment, the grouting reinforcement zone with a thickness of 3 m and a length of 30 m was determined to be more appropriate. This study provides valuable references for the accurate prediction of SR parameters and the optimization of grouting reinforcement zones in tunnels crossing fault fracture zones.
A novel on the retrofit from CNG buses to electric buses for rubber-tyred wheeled public transportation systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The trend toward electric buses worldwide is increasing day by day. Along with it, sectoral infrastructure elements are developing rapidly. Electric buses offer advantages in terms of operating costs and environmental emission values. Despite this, the most important disadvantage is that the purchasing costs have not yet reached the expected level compared to other internal combustion engine buses. Many country and especially city-based targets have been determined for electric solutions in rubber-tyred public transportation systems in the world. Only in Shenzhen city of China, 100% transition to electric bus solution has been achieved in public transportation. In this study, a different perspective has been put forward for the acceleration of the transition to the use of electric buses and the increase in the prevalence of public transportation enterprises. The concept of retrofit. This is conversions of the conventional powered (diesel and CNG) buses into electric buses, which are currently used. For the concept in paper, the actual project costs for one of the world’s most important public transportation companies have been revealed. According to the analysis results obtained, for Payback Period (PB) method are based on a fleet of 100 vehicles in total, the return time of the investment required for the results based on this approach which retrofit from CNG to Electric, is calculated as 8.74 years. For the Payback Period (PB) approach, it has been concluded that for the 5 years, which is envisaged to be taken as a reference, retrofit concept (from CNG to Electric) should be based on 100000 € per vehicle based on the current operating conditions. This retrofit approach based on the concept of sustainable public transportation is expected to become widespread with the results obtained.
Scenario reduction methodologies under uncertainties for reservoir development purposes: distance-based clustering and metaheuristic algorithm

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The simulation process under uncertainty needs numerous reservoir models that can be very time-consuming. Hence, selecting representative models (RMs) that show the uncertainty space of the full ensemble is required. In this work, we compare two scenario reduction techniques: (1) Distance-based Clustering with Simple Matching Coefficient (DCSMC) applied before the simulation process using reservoir static data, and (2) metaheuristic algorithm (RMFinder technique) applied after the simulation process using reservoir dynamic data. We use these two methods as samples to investigate the effect of static and dynamic data usage on the accuracy and rate of the scenario reduction process focusing field development purposes. In this work, a synthetic benchmark case named UNISIM-II-D considering the flow unit modelling is used. The results showed both scenario reduction methods are reliable in selecting the RMs from a specific production strategy. However, the obtained RMs from a defined strategy using the DCSMC method can be applied to other strategies preserving the representativeness of the models, while the role of the strategy types to select the RMs using the metaheuristic method is substantial so that each strategy has its own set of RMs. Due to the field development workflow in which the metaheuristic algorithm is used, the number of required flow simulation models and the computational time are greater than the workflow in which the DCSMC method is applied. Hence, it can be concluded that static reservoir data usage on the scenario reduction process can be more reliable during the field development phase.
Exploring Terms and Taxonomies Relating to the Cyber International Relations Research Field: or are "Cyberspace" and "Cyber Space" the same?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project has at least two facets to it: (1) advancing the algorithms in the sub-field of bibliometrics often referred to as "text mining" whereby hundreds of thousands of documents (such as journal articles) are scanned and relationships amongst words and phrases are established and (2) applying these tools in support of the Explorations in Cyber International Relations (ECIR) research effort. In international relations, it is important that all the parties understand each other. Although dictionaries, glossaries, and other sources tell you what words/phrases are supposed to mean (somewhat complicated by the fact that they often contradict each other), they do not tell you how people are actually using them. \nAs an example, when we started, we assumed that "cyberspace" and "cyber space" were essentially the same word with just a minor variation in punctuation (i.e., the space, or lack thereof, between "cyber" and "space") and that the choice of the punctuation was a rather random occurrence. With that assumption in mind, we would expect that the taxonomies that would be constructed by our algorithms using "cyberspace" and "cyber space" as seed terms would be basically the same. As it turned out, they were quite different, both in overall shape and groupings within the taxonomy. \nSince the overall field of cyber international relations is so new, understanding the field and how people think about (as evidenced by their actual usage of terminology, and how usage changes over time) is an important goal as part of the overall ECIR project.
Subcutaneous encapsulated fat necrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message We have described subcutaneous encapsulated fat necrosis, which is benign, usually asymptomatic and underreported. Images have only been published on two earlier occasions, in which the necrotic nodules appear “pearly” than the cloudy yellow surface in present case. The presented image may help future surgeons to establish the diagnosis peroperatively.
Evaluation of impact limiter performance during end-on and slapdown drop tests of a one-third scale model storage/transport cask system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes drop testing of a one-third scale model shipping cask system. Two casks were designed and fabricated by Transnuclear, Inc., to ship spent fuel from the former Nuclear Fuel Services West Valley reprocessing facility in New York to the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory for a long-term spent fuel dry storage demonstration project. As part of the NRC&#x27;s regulatory certification process, one-third scale model tests were performed to obtain experimental data on impact limiter performance during impact testing. The objectives of the testing program were to (1) obtain deceleration and displacement information for the cask and impact limiter system, (2) obtain dynamic force-displacement data for the impact limiters, (3) verify the integrity of the impact limiter retention system, and (4) examine the crush behavior of the limiters. Two 30-ft (9-m) drop tests were conducted on a mass model of the cask body and scaled balsa and redwood-filled impact limiters. This report describes the results of both tests in terms of measured decelerations, posttest deformation measurements, and the general structural response of the system. 3 refs., 32 figs.
WE-D-211A-07: Medical Response to Radiation Incidents, summary of ACMP/AAPM Workshop

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The American College of Medical Physics and the AAPM recently co-sponsored an all day workshop on Response to Radiation Incidents. The talks included information on the federal response framework as well as how medical physicists could become involved through organizations such as the Medical Reserve Corps (MRC). Within the Florida MRC, a section known as the Radiation Response Volunteer Corps (RRVC) was formed. The Florida AAPM and FL Health Physics Society chapters participated in training in June 2008. The RRVC was designed specifically for medical and health physicists. Information on the MRC and RRVC were presented at the workshop. In the afternoon, staff from the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site (REAC/TS) conducted a realistic demonstration of patient decontamination procedures. All participants received a toolkit with valuable training tools.
<em>Fusarium</em> Species Associated with Wood Canker, Root and Basal Rot in Turkish Grapevine Nurseries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium species are agriculturally important fungi with a broad host range and can be found as endophytic, pathogenic, or opportunistic parasites in many crop plants. This study aimed to identify Fusarium species in bare-rooted, dormant plants in Turkish grapevine nurseries using molecular identification methods and assess their pathogenicity. Asymptomatic dormant plants were sampled from grapevine nurseries (43) in different regions of the country, and fungi were isolated from plant roots and internal basal tissues. The Fusarium isolates were identified by performing gene sequencing (TEF1-α, RPB2) and phylogenetic analyses. Pathogenicity tests were carried out by inoculating mycelial agar pieces of isolates onto the stem or conidial suspensions into the rhizosphere of vines (1103 Paulsen rootstock). Laboratory tests revealed that Fusarium species were highly prevalent in Turkish grapevine nurseries (41 out of 43). Gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses unraveled that 12 Fusarium species (F. annulatum, F. brachygibbosum, F. clavum, F. curvatum, F. falciforme, F. fredkrugeri, F. glycines, F. nanum, F. nematophilum, F. nirenbergiae, F. solani, and Fusarium spp.) existed in the ready-to-sale plants. Some of these species (F. annulatum, F. curvatum and F. nirenbergiae) consistently caused wood necrosis of seedling stems, rotting of the basal zone and roots, and reduced root biomass. Although the other nine species also caused some root rot and root reduction, their virulence was not as severe as the pathogenic ones, and they were considered opportunistic parasites or endophytic species. This study is the first detailed investigation of Fusarium species in grapevine nurseries in Türkiye and emphasizes the need to consider pathogenic species in producing healthy grapevine seedlings.
Carnival of Cybercrimes - Taking off the Mask of Synthetic Identity Theft

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article portrays a comparative and doctrinal analysis that aims to combine theoretical and applicable knowledge over a deeply rooted, yet still unfamiliar cybercrime: synthetic identity theft. The jurisdictional dimensions explore the European Union (EU), United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) in terms of expertise, legal initiatives, regulations and practical cases. As a prerequisite, the study has addressed the connection with identity theft and identity fraud as the Criminal Law “labels” it generally belongs to. Moreover, the most thought-provoking part represents analysing the nexus between synthetic identity theft and personal data protection, focused on security incidents. On this latter point, personal data breaches are proven as frequently being both a cause and an effect for synthetic identity theft. Subsequently, this turns out to have significant impact on individuals and organisations alike, predominantly in the financial sector, although harm may take several shapes.
Una scuola latino-americana dell’egemonia? Elementi per una proposta interpretativa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this work is to outline, in a descriptive and not analytical way, the main aspects of the Latin American reception of the Gramscian notion of "hegemony", and to argue that these interpretations possess certain characteristics that allow us, in line of hypothesis, to speak of a "Latin American school of hegemony". We then proceed to an exposition, both geographical and thematic, with the aim of highlighting the most relevant characteristics of this "school". In the last section of the article the author discusses the "postcolonial" interpretation of Gramsci's reception in Latin America proposed by Walter Mignolo, and the so-called "philological" Italian approach to Gramsci's study. Gramsci, Latin America, Translatability, Theory of Hegemony.
PEMAHAMAN BARU ASHGAR ALI ENGINEER TENTANG HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM MODERN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstrak Salah satu permasalahan yang menjadi semangat perubahan nilai dari problematika dahulu untuk dirubah yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an adalah peroblematika perbudakan. Al-Qur’an jelas sekali menyatakan bahwa Tuhan sangat memuliakan anak-cucu adam. Namun kondisi sosial pada saat itu tidak memungkinkan untuk menghilangkan perbudakan, sehingga al-Qur’an dengan penafsiran maknanya yang secara tekstual memperbolehkan perbudakan, kendati demikian, seiring dengan gejolak pembebasan yang ada, keberadaan perbudakan tersebut seakan-akan sirna sedikit demi sedikit. Demikian juga dengan kesetaraan peran laki-laki dan peremepuan. Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana pemikiran Ashgar Ali Engineer tentang hak-hak perempuan dan relevansinya terhadap perkemabangan Islam di era modern. Engineer hadir memberi pencerahan dalam agama Islam sebagai jalan pembebasan. Agama sebagai religius yang senantiasa menyatakan keterlibatan emosi yang tulus dengan visi moral dan spiritual untuk memperjuangkan hakikat kemanusiaan manusia. Semangat agama yang humanis, liberal dan progresif akan memberikan jalan menuju pada pembebasan manusia dari segala bentuk penindasan, kekerasan, ketidaksewenangan dan ketidakadilan yang menyebabkan kesengsaraan manusia. Abstract One of the problems that became the spirit of changing values from the previous problem to being changed as stated in the Qur'an is the issue of slavery. The Qur'an clearly states that Allah has greatly honored the children and grandchildren of Adam. However, the social conditions at that time did not allow the abolition of slavery, so the Qur'an with a textual interpretation of its meaning allowed slavery, but along with the turmoil of liberation, the existence of slavery seemed to disappear little by little. . Likewise with the equal roles of men and women. This paper discusses how Ashgar Ali Engineer thinks about women's rights and their relevance to the development of Islam in the modern era. Engineers are here to provide enlightenment in Islam as a way of liberation. Religion as a religion that always expresses sincere emotional involvement with a moral and spiritual vision to fight for the nature of human humanity. Humanist, liberal and progressive religious spirit will give way to the liberation of human beings from all forms of oppression, violence, injustice and injustice that cause human misery.
Monitoring and control of exopolysaccharides production by "Gluconacetobacter xylinus" I-2281 using in situ mid-infrared spectroscopy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2805 (2003)Section de chimieFaculte des sciences de baseInstitut de sciences des procedes chimiques et biologiquesJury: Philippe Duboc, Ian William Marison, Paul Peringer, Thomas Scheper, Christine Wandrey Public defense: 2003-9-5 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2805Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
Factors affecting outcomes of liver transplantation: an analysis of OPTN/UNOS database.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This was a historic cohort analysis based on 110,521 patients who underwent liver transplant between 1987 and July 2011 in the United States and were reported to the UNOS registry. In addition to univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, we used cox proportional hazard analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate hazard ratios adjusted for clinical factors. The overall 5- and 10-year patient survival rates were 81% and 72%, respectively, for 4,412 recipients of living donor livers and 73% and 59%, respectively, for 106,109 recipients of deceased donor livers. Multivariate analyses suggest that these differences are due to demographics, including patient age rather than differences due to the donor organs. Recipients of zero HLA-mismatched livers had significantly worst graft survival (HR 1.29, p = 0.02) compared with those given an HLA mismatched graft. This appears to be due in part to graft versus host disease. Among recipients who experienced GVHD, multivariate analysis revealed that zero mismatch of HLA-A (HR 2.75), zero mismatch of HLA-B (HR 4.79), recipient age > 65 (HR 2.57) and Asian recipient (HR 2.70) were significant risk factors for GVHD respectively.