jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a cDNA encoding a cysteine-rich cell surface protein located in the flagellar pocket of the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have characterized a cDNA encoding a cysteine-rich, acidic integral membrane protein (CRAM) of the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma equiperdum. Unlike other membrane proteins of T. brucei, which are distributed throughout the cell surface, CRAM is concentrated in the flagellar pocket, an invagination of the cell surface of the trypanosome where endocytosis has been documented. Accordingly, CRAM also locates to vesicles located underneath the pocket, providing evidence of its internalization. CRAM has a predicted molecular mass of 130 kilodaltons and has a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain, and a 41-amino-acid cytoplasmic extension. A characteristic feature of CRAM is a large extracellular domain with a roughly 66-fold acidic, cysteine-rich 12-amino-acid repeat. CRAM is conserved among different protozoan species, including Trypanosoma cruzi, and CRAM has structural similarities with eucaryotic cell surface receptors. The most striking homology of CRAM is to the human low-density-lipoprotein receptor. We propose that CRAM functions as a cell surface receptor of different trypanosome species.
The Reparative Roles of IL-33

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

When discovered in the early 2000s, interleukin-33 (IL-33) was characterized as a potent driver of type 2 immunity and implicated in parasite clearance, as well as asthma, allergy, and lung fibrosis. Yet research in other models has since revealed that IL-33 is a highly pleiotropic molecule with diverse functions. These activities are supported by elusive release mechanisms and diverse expression of the IL-33 receptor, STimulation 2 (ST2), on both immune and stromal cells. Interestingly, IL-33 also supports type 1 immune responses during viral and tumor immunity and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Yet the IL-33–ST2 axis is also critical to the establishment of systemic homeostasis and tissue repair and regeneration. Despite these recent findings, the mechanisms by which IL-33 governs the balance between immunity and homeostasis or can support both effective repair and pathogenic fibrosis are poorly understood. As such, ongoing research is trying to understand the potential reparative and regulatory versus pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic roles for IL-33 in transplantation. This review provides an overview of the emerging regenerative role of IL-33 in organ homeostasis and tissue repair as it relates to transplantation immunology. It also outlines the known impacts of IL-33 in commonly transplanted solid organs and covers the envisioned roles for IL-33 in ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, and tolerance. Finally, we give a comprehensive summary of its effects on different cell populations involved in these processes, including ST2 + regulatory T cells, innate lymphoid cell type 2, as well as significant myeloid cell populations.
Primary small intestinal epithelioid angiosarcoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall due to abnormal expression of cytokeratin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Primary small intestinal epithelioid angiosarcoma (EAS) is a very rare tumor, which originates from endothelial cell with high mortality. Only 66 cases of small intestinal angiosarcoma including primary or metastatic were reported in the current literature. Histologically, hemangiosarcoma with epithelioid cell morphology is more rare, so we report a case of EAS which is easily misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma. We also reviewed the literature about small intestinal angiosarcoma. Case presentation: The patient was a 60-year-old man, who initially presented black stool with no obvious inducement for 7 days, gradually feeling dizzy and fatigue for 3 days. Abdominal CT showed that the intestinal wall of the upper jejunum was thickened near the duodenum. After enhancement, the intestinal wall could be enhanced evenly. With the time going on, the contrast media could be concentrated gradually, and the active hemorrhage was considered. Enteroscopy revealed a 30 mm × 20 mm red polypoid mass in the jejunum. A biopsy of polypoid mass exhibited malignant tumor, histopathology considered poorly differentiated cancer. The patient subsequently underwent resection of the jejunal neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry vascular markers and cytokeratin were postive，but C-MYC protein was negative, and showed no amplification of C-MYC gene by Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）. The histopathology with immunohistochemical and FISH studies confirmed the diagnosis of primary small intestinal EAS. 24 months after surgery, the patient had no evidence of recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion: Primary small intestinal EAS is a rare malignancy of endothelial origin with uncertain etiology and often has a poor prognosis.The abnormal cytokeratin expression in epithelioid angiosarcomas represents a potential diagnostic pitfall for pathologists. FISH detection of C-MYC gene amplification may have some value in the diagnosis of primary or metastatic small intestinal AS.An accurate pathological diagnosis relies on histopathology with immunohistochemical stains of endothelial markers. Surgical resection remains the best treatment option for small intestinal angiosarcoma.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Isolates from Seven Countries: Dominance and Widespread Prevalence of SHV- and CTX-M-Type β-Lactamases

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A huge variety of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have been detected during the last 20 years. The majority of these have been of the TEM or SHV lineage. We have assessed ESBLs occurring among a collection of 455 bloodstream isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae , collected from 12 hospitals in seven countries. Multiple β-lactamases were produced by isolates with phenotypic evidence of ESBL production (mean of 2.7 β-lactamases per isolate; range, 1 to 5). SHV-type ESBLs were the most common ESBL, occurring in 67.1% (49 of 73) of isolates with phenotypic evidence of ESBL production. In contrast, TEM-type ESBLs (TEM-10 type, -12 type, -26 type, and -63 type) were found in just 16.4% (12 of 73) of isolates. The finding of TEM-10 type and TEM-12 type represents the first detection of a TEM-type ESBL in South America. PER (for Pseudomonas extended resistance)-type β-lactamases were detected in five of the nine isolates from Turkey and were found with SHV-2-type and SHV-5-type ESBLs in two of the isolates. CTX-M-type ESBLs ( bla CTX-M-2 type and bla CTX-M-3 type) were found in 23.3% (17 of 73) of isolates and were found in all study countries except for the United States. We also detected CTX-M-type ESBLs in four countries where they have previously not been described—Australia, Belgium, Turkey, and South Africa. The widespread emergence and proliferation of CTX-M-type ESBLs is particularly noteworthy and may have important implications for clinical microbiology laboratories and for physicians treating patients with serious K. pneumoniae infections.
Optimization of thin n-in-p planar pixel modules for the ATLAS upgrade at HL-LHC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ATLAS experiment will undergo around the year 2025 a replacement of the\ntracker system in view of the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) with a\nnew 5-layer pixel system. Thin planar pixel sensors are promising candidates to\ninstrument the innermost region of the new pixel system, thanks to the reduced\ncontribution to the material budget and their high charge collection efficiency\nafter irradiation. The sensors of 50-150 $\\mu$m thickness, interconnected to\nFE-I4 read-out chips, have been characterized with radioactive sources and beam\ntests. In particular active edge sensors have been investigated. The\nperformance of two different versions of edge designs are compared: the first\nwith a bias ring, and the second one where only a floating guard ring has been\nimplemented. The hit efficiency at the edge has also been studied after\nirradiation at a fluence of $10^{15}$ \\neqcm. Highly segmented sensors will\nrepresent a challenge for the tracking in the forward region of the pixel\nsystem at HL-LHC. In order to reproduce the performance of 50x50 $\\mu$m$^2$\npixels at high pseudo-rapidity values, FE-I4 compatible planar pixel sensors\nhave been studied before and after irradiation in beam tests at high incidence\nangles with respect to the short pixel direction. Results on the hit efficiency\nin this configuration are discussed for different sensor thicknesses.\n
Real-analytic modular forms for $Γ_0(N)$ and their $L$-series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce an $L$-series associated to real-analytic modular forms which transform with weight $(r,s)\in\mathbb{Z}^2$ under $Γ_0(N)$. These $L$-series satisfy a functional equation and converse theorem. We also discuss examples of such forms, including real analytic Eisenstein series and modular iterated integrals of higher level. We focus on the $L$-series for a class of forms including Francis Brown's length-one modular iterated integrals $\mathcal{MI}^!_1$.
Developmental differences between neonatal and adult human erythropoiesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies of human erythropoiesis have relied, for the most part, on the in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from different sources. Here, we report that despite the common core erythroid program that exists between cord blood (CB)‐ and peripheral blood (PB)‐HSPC induced toward erythroid differentiation in vitro, significant functional differences exist. We undertook a comparative analysis of human erythropoiesis using these two different sources of HSPC. Upon in vitro erythroid differentiation, CB‐derived cells proliferated 4‐fold more than PB‐derived cells. However, CB‐derived cells exhibited a delayed kinetics of differentiation, resulting in an increased number of progenitors, notably colony‐forming unit (CFU‐E). The phenotypes of early erythroid differentiation stages also differed between the two sources with a significantly higher percentage of IL3R ‐ GPA ‐ CD34 + CD36 + cells generated from PB‐ than CB‐HSPCs. This subset was found to generate both burst‐forming unit (BFU‐E) and CFU‐E colonies in colony‐forming assays. To further understand the differences between CB‐ and PB‐HSPC, cells at eight stages of erythroid differentiation were sorted from each of the two sources and their transcriptional profiles were compared. We document differences at the CD34, BFU‐E, poly‐ and orthochromatic stages. Genes exhibiting the most significant differences in expression between HSPC sources clustered into cell cycle‐ and autophagy‐related pathways. Altogether, our studies provide a qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of human erythropoiesis, highlighting the impact of the developmental origin of HSPCs on erythroid differentiation.
Corrugated YIG slab with arbitrary orientation of magnetization

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A corrugated ferrite slab has been analyzed by coupled-mode theory to study the Bragg reflection characteristics for various angles of incidence of the dc magnetic field (θ) and its tuning capability. A tuning range of about 1.5 GHz is estimated when θ is varied between 0 and 30°. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 52–56, 2000.
Hydroxycoumarin Scopoletin Inhibits Bone Loss through Enhancing Induction of Bone Turnover Markers in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Diabetes induces bone deterioration, which leads to increased risk of fracture, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Thus, diabetes-associated bone fragility has been recognized as a diabetic complication. However, the pathophysiological effects of hyperglycemia on bone turnover remain unclear. Literature evidence demonstrates that anti-diabetic medications increase the risk of fractures in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Scopoletin is a naturally occurring hydroxycoumarin potentially exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and ameliorating insulin resistance as an anti-diabetic agent. However, little is known regarding the effects of scopoletin on the impairment of bone remodeling that is caused by diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify that scopoletin was capable of inhibiting the impairment of bone remodeling and turnover in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Submicromolar scopoletin accelerated the formation TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (40.0 vs. 105.1%) and actin ring structures impaired by 33 mM glucose. Further, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced bone resorption and the induction of matrix-degrading enzymes in diabetic osteoclasts. The oral administration of 10 mg/kg scopoletin elevated serum RANKL/OPG ratio and osteocalcin level reduced in db/db mice along with an increase in BMD by ~6–14%; however, it was not effective in lowering blood glucose and hemoglobin glycation. In addition, the supplementation of scopoletin elevated the formation of trabecular bones and collagen fibers in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis with a thicker epiphyseal plate and cortical bones. Furthermore, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced ALP activity (4.39 vs. 7.02 nmol p-nitrophenyl phosphate/min/mg protein) and deposits of mineralized bone nodules in cultured osteoblasts reduced by 33 mM glucose. The treatment of diabetic osteoblasts with scopoletin stimulated the cellular induction of BMP-2 and osteopontin and Runx2 transcription. Accordingly, the administration of scopoletin protected mice from type 2 diabetes-associated bone loss through boosting bone remodeling via the robust induction of bone turnover markers of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. These findings suggest that scopoletin could be a potential osteoprotective agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated bone loss and fractures.
[Neuroborreliosis in a patient with progressive supranuclear paralysis. An association or the cause?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We consider aspects of the aetiology of PSP which are still not clear. In our patient, the aetiology seemed to be Bb infection, according to the criteria of the original description of the disease and in view of the neuropathological findings which have shown Bb in the substancia nigra of the mid-brain and the existence of an animal model in which Bb shows a particular tendency to colonize infratentorial structures.
Impact of land use change on hydrological conditions in the Karajae watershed, South Sulawesi Province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Land use is a representation of activities and utilization of land resources by the community. Land use has a big influence on the hydrological condition of a watershed. One of the small watersheds, in general, is the Karajae watershed, but it has a very large impact on the City of Pare-Pare, and the surrounding community. The Karajae watershed is the main water source for the people of Pare-Pare and agriculture. This study aims to analyze land use patterns that have a major impact on hydrological conditions in the Karajae watershed. The analysis begins with remote sensing methods to interpret land use using Landsat 7 image data in 2010 and Landsat 8 imagery in 2020. Next, analyze the pattern of land use change in detail in each forest area with a geographic information system approach. Analysis of hydrological conditions using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools approach with the input of the land use data. Land use Change 2010-2020 in the Karajae watershed shows additional land use in the form of settlements, rice fields, and dryland agriculture as a form of community activity. There are two forest areas in the Karajae watershed, namely production forest and protected forest. Production forest is dominated by dryland agriculture in the form of corn, beans, and horticulture, while the protected forest is dominated by and secondary dryland forest. This has an impact on hydrological conditions that there are fluctuations in discharge and an increase in sediment a decade ago. Optimal application of forest functions reduces discharge and sediment. Different forest planning for each forest function and land use within. Production forest with many activities directed towards community-based forest management such as community forest and village forest. As for the Protected Forest, which is dominated by grassland and shrubs, forest rehabilitation is carried out.
0189 Work Productivity Loss Associated with Sleep Duration, Insomnia Severity, Sleepiness, and Snoring

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study examined the relationship between sleep symptoms and work productivity in a diverse community sample. Data from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study was used, including N=1,007 adults age 22–60. Work productivity was assessed with the validated Well-being Assessment of Productivity (WBAP), which includes items assessing impact of health, caregiving, lack of resources, coworker issues, overscheduling, supervisor issues, worries, depression/anxiety, financial stress, technical issues, and lack of training (each scored 0–2). Sleep duration was assessed using the NHANES item for typical weekday sleep and categorized as very short (≤4h) short (5-6h), normal (7-8h, reference), and long (≥9h). Other measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (none, mild, moderate/severe), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (low/high), and loud snoring (none, <1/week, 1–2/week ≥3/week). Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and work hours. Caffeine was assessed as never/rarely, occasionally, or daily. Regression analyses used sleep variables to predict WBAP score, adjusted for covariates. Secondary analyses explored individual items. Lower productivity was associated with very short (B=1.31, 95%CI[0.05,2.58], p=0.042), short (B=1.14, 95%CI[0.47,1.80], p=0.001), and long (B=1.48, 95%CI[0.06,2.90], p=0.04) sleep. It was also associated with both mild (B=1.94, 95%CI[1.29,2.59], p<0.0001) and moderate-severe (B=4.06, 95%CI[3.31,4.86], p<0.0001) insomnia and sleepiness (B=1.88, 95%CI[1.24,2.52], p<0.0001), as well as snoring <1/week (B=1.77, 95%CI[0.84–2.67], p<0.0001), 1–2/week (B=1.51, 95%CI[0.39,2.63], p=0.008), and ≥3/week (B=1.74, 95%CI[0.74,2.73], p=0.001). Examining mean differences, this reflects additional relative productivity loss of 29% (very short sleep), 19% (short sleep), 24% (long sleep), 58% (mild insomnia), 107% (moderate-severe insomnia), 50% (sleepiness), and 19–34% (snoring). Sleep duration (both short and long), insomnia, sleepiness, and snoring were all associated with decreased work productivity. Among sleep symptoms, insomnia demonstrated the greatest impact on work productivity. Sleep should be considered an important element in workplace health. The SHADES study was funded by R21ES022931.
Melittin: a Membrane-active Peptide with Diverse Functions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Melittin is the principal toxic component in the venom of the European honey bee Apis mellifera and is a cationic, hemolytic peptide. It is a small linear peptide composed of 26 amino acid residues in which the amino-terminal region is predominantly hydrophobic whereas the carboxy-terminal region is hydrophilic due to the presence of a stretch of positively charged amino acids. This amphiphilic property of melittin has resulted in melittin being used as a suitable model peptide for monitoring lipid–protein interactions in membranes. In this review, the solution and membrane properties of melittin are highlighted, with an emphasis on melittin–membrane interaction using biophysical approaches. The recent applications of melittin in various cellular processes are discussed.
<title>Fan beam tomography--a la Cormack</title>

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We have taken Cormack's original algorithm for parallel beam tomography and generalized it for fan beam tomography. The algorithm involves three steps: (1) do a FFT in angle space (angle of rotation) for each detector; (2) solve a system of integral equations for each Fourier components; and (3) back FFT to obtain the density function. Step (2) above we accomplish by a singular value decomposition (for each Fourier component). The advantages are (1) the SVD does not change from object to object under interrogation, (2) the method is fast--capable of real time analysis, (3) the null space is explicitly displayed, and (4) the SVD is usable in second-generation hunting strategies. A video of a simulated model reconstruction will be shown.
A new model for a remote connection with hardware devices using Javascript

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays online resources play an important role in teaching and learning thanks to new advances in technology. This importance is enhanced in scientific areas and even more for distance education universities, where the classic hands-on laboratories are not always possible. For that reason, this face-to-face laboratory practices have been replaced or even complemented with online virtual and remote laboratories VRL. Normally, these applications are developed with high level programming tools, and these, to greater or lesser extent, use Java. Unfortunately, the newly discovered Java security issues and the impossibility to run Java in smart devices are an restriction to the dissemination of this kind of applications. This work is the first step towards get a new structure to Easy Java/Javascript Simulations (EjsS) that allows a remote connection with hardware devices. In this regard, the first objective is to solve the problems with Java applications when using EjsS. The proposed solution provides the user a structure to reuse their VRLs using a Java model that runs in a server and is linked with a Javascript graphical user interface in the client device.