jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sick leave among parents of children with cancer – a national cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Due to psychological distress and an increased care burden, parents of children diagnosed with cancer may face a higher risk of sickness absence from work. The objective of this study was to examine the association of childhood cancer with parents’ sick leave. Material and methods: The sample comprised 3626 parents of 1899 children diagnosed with cancer in Sweden during 2004–2009, and a matched control group of parents (n = 34 874). Sick leave was measured as number of days with sickness benefit, retrieved from national registries. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to compare outcomes with parents from the control cohort. Results: The risk of sick leave was statistically significantly higher up to six years following a child’s cancer diagnosis. The increase in number of days with sickness benefit was most pronounced the year after diagnosis. Although mothers’ sick leave prevalence was higher, the increase in risk relative to control parents was similar for mothers and fathers. Bereavement was associated with a heightened risk of sick leave, especially on the year of the child’s death. Conclusions: Findings confirm that mothers and fathers of children diagnosed with cancer are at higher risk of sickness absence from work, with particularly pronounced risk among bereaved parents. Acquisition of further knowledge is warranted regarding possibilities and constraints of parents trying to combine their work life with caring for both their child and themselves.
Spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum (VI) by extraction of molybdenum-Pyrocatechol Violet complex with quaternary ammonium chloride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

第4級アンモニウム塩によるモリブデン(VI)-ピロカテコールバイオレット錯体の抽出とこれを利用する微量モリブデン(VI)の抽出吸光光度定量法について検討した.モリブデン(VI)とピロカテコールバイオレットとの錯体は第4級アンモニウム塩のdialkyl monomethyl benzylammonium chlorideの存在で種々の有機溶媒に抽出される.有機層に抽出された錯体の組成は配位子濃度や水溶液のpHによって異なるが,これらの錯体のうち0.25～0.6Mの塩酸溶液からクロロホルムに抽出される錯体は560mμに吸収極大波長を有し,モリブデン(VI)とピロカテコールバイオレットとの結合モル比は1:2である.抽出された錯体の吸光度に影響を及ぼす諸因子の検討の結果,定量の最適条件ではモリブデン(VI)濃度0.1～10×10-6Mでベールの法則が成立する.スズ(IV)およびタングステン(VI)はモリブデン(VI)の定量を妨害する.ジルコニウム(IV)は錯体を生成するが抽出されない.なお,第4級アンモニウム塩による抽出法を併用することによって,酸性溶液中でピロカテコールバイオレットのカルボニル基へ付加した水素イオンを解離させることができることを認めた.
Strength and heat emissions performance of high strength concrete containing fine metakaolin & palm oil fuel ash as partial cement replacement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cement production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). In addition to the CO 2 emissions from cement production, the increase in palm oil fuel ash (POFA), which is the by-product of the palm oil industry, can also contribute to environmental pollution. This study carried out on POFA and metakaolin (MK) as a partial cement replacement can reduce the problem of greenhouse and environmental effects. Apart from that, it can also increase the level of concrete strength. The slump and compressive strength tests were carried out first on concrete that uses fine metakaolin (FMK) only as a partial cement replacement to obtain an optimum value of FMK. Thus, the optimum FMK content found in this study was 20%. Next, slump tests, compressive strength tests, and heat of hydration tests were carried out on samples containing FMK and POFA content as a partial cement replacement up to 40% of the total cement replacement. The POFA content starts at 5%, followed by 10%, 15%, and 20%. In addition to that, FMK content of 20% and superplasticizer (SP) of 2% were constant for all design mixes. The workability of concrete decreases with the inclusion of FMK and POFA as partial cement replacements and 2% of SP as a constant. However, the strength of concrete containing 20% FMK and 5% POFA as partial cement replacement has given better compressive strength than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete up to 14.07% at 28 days. Additionally, it is found that the exact amount of 20% FMK and 5% POFA enables concrete to be reduced to 5.54% in peak temperature compared to OPC concrete. Furthermore, the formation of C-S-H gel was increasingly generated and able to fill in the gaps in concrete when the POFA content increased, thus making the concrete denser and stronger than the control series.
Effect of Acetochlor on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The soybean cultivar Dongnong 52 was pot planted,five doses of acetochlor( 0,1 890,2 700,4 050,5 400 g·ha-1) were leaf sprayed after emergence. Soybean plants were sampled on 7,14,21,28 days after spraying,respectively,and chlorophyll content( CC),root activity( RA),superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde( MDA) content were determined. With the increment of acetochlor concentrations,CC and RA decreased,while SOD and MDA increased gradually. As the time prolonged,CC and RA of all acetochlor concentration treatments showed a decrease-and-then-increase trend,while SOD and MDA had opposite trend. On the 28th days after spraying,the tested 4 indexes all restored to control level under 1 890 and 2 700 g·ha-1effective dosage. Results suggest acetochlor of the 1 890 and 2 700 g·ha-1effective dosage is safe for soybean.
Genetic variance and covariance components for feed intake, average daily gain, and postweaning gain in growing beef cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Feed is the greatest cost for a beef cattle production enterprise. Data collection to determine feed efficiency of animals is also costly, because both gain and intake records are needed to calculate feed efficiency. Electronic intake monitoring systems such as GrowSafe or Insentec to collect feed intake data are expensive and thus limit the number of animals that can be tested. Scientists have worked to pinpoint optimal test durations for collecting both weight gain and feed intake records to lessen costs.\nA 70-day performance test is currently recommended for accurate calculation of efficiency, with growth data as the limiting factor. Research has suggested that a 35-day test is adequate to measure feed intake, but a test period of at least 70 days is suggested to measure gain with sufficient accuracy. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for growth and intake traits with particular attention to the relationship between on-test average daily gain (ADG) and national cattle evaluation postweaning gain (PWG). If the correlation between these two traits is strong, it could allow for the use of PWG as a proxy for ADG in the genetic evaluation of feed efficiency. This substitution would allow producers to reduce the length of the test required to measure feed intake accurately.
SPA Comprehensive Evaluation Model and its Application in the Risk Assessment of Electric Power Information Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To enhance the electric power information network’s defensive capability for all kinds of security threats, this paper builds a risk assessment model for information network based on the Set Pair Analysis (SPA) comprehensive evaluation. On the basis of SPA theory, the information network’s index and the index of ISO/IEC27005 were formed as a set pair. The model introduced the improved AHP to determine the weight of each index, and extended the Spa’s three-Yuan connection degree to five-Yuan, which considered synthetically to the risk’s certain and uncertain factors. By calculating the connection degree, it can determine the risk value and level. Set pair situation was used to discuss the risk development trend. From practical calculation and the comparison with other assessment algorithm, the model appears simple and reasonable, and the calculation is objective and stable.
O36 Prevalence of repeat FIT testing in symptomatic patients attending primary care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is used in symptomatic referral pathways to rule out colorectal cancer (CRC) with greater accuracy than symptoms alone. NICE DG30 suggests a faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) threshold of 10ug/g to prompt urgent referral to secondary care. However, there are limited data on the role of repeated FIT testing over time in those with persistent or recurrent symptoms.

Methods

Patients with more than 1 FIT result with a gap of between 1 to 12 months between samples were identified from laboratory datasets. Data were collected across 3 Scottish Health Boards; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, NHS Tayside, and NHS Highland, which utilise FIT in primary care within their symptomatic referral pathways. The unique Community Health Index (CHI) number was used to link records. Scottish cancer registry and regional cancer audit datasets were used to identify any CRC diagnoses following first FIT result to end of follow up. Caldicott approval was granted at each Health Board.

Results

5761 patients were included, of whom 42 (0.7%) were found to have CRC (Table 1). Median follow up was 24 months in Tayside, 18 months in GGC, and 9 months in Highland. In all boards, females made up the majority of patients (56% - 60%), with a median age from 63 years in GGC to 69 years in Highland. The median time between samples was 5 months. Only 3 of the 3487 patients (0.1%) with both f-Hb<10ug/g were diagnosed with CRC. Of the 13 patients diagnosed with CRC who had a first f-Hb<10 ug/g, 10 were anaemic at the time of 1st FIT, and 8 had tumours proximal to the splenic flexure. A subgroup of 734 patients submitted more than 2 FITs within a 12 month period, with 4 patients submitting 6. The likelihood of at least one f-Hb≥10ug/g rose from 40% with 2 samples to 100% with 6 samples, while the CRC rate fell from 0.8% with 2 samples to 0% with 6 samples.

Conclusions

A second f-Hb of <10ug/g within 12 months of the first sample, in the context of ongoing or persistent symptoms reliably rules out CRC. These patients represent a different cohort than those who present with symptoms and referred or reassured with a single FIT test in terms of CRC incidence. Further investigation of these patients should be determined by the reason for referral and with the aim of symptom improvement rather than urgent colonoscopy.
Gully classification using spatially optimized PlanetScope data – a comparison of machine learning classifiers and spatial resampling techniques

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Accurate classification of gullies is essential for effective land management, but identifying these linear erosional features from a coarser spatial resolution image can be challenging. Resampling the spatial resolution of readily available satellites, such as PlanetScope, which is freely accessible for educational and research purposes, can enhance pixel resolution and improve classification accuracy without incurring additional costs. However, this cost-effective approach has yet to be adopted in gully classification, where a finer level of detail is often necessary. This study explored the potential of a resampled PlanetScope product for improving gully classification. More precisely, it evaluated whether resampled imagery outperforms original-resolution imagery and identified the optimal combination of resampling techniques and machine learning classifiers for gully mapping. Four resampling techniques, such as the bilinear interpolation, cubic convolution, majority rule, and nearest neighbor, were applied and their effect on gully classification was assessed using three classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Fifteen model variations, each defined by a unique combination of spatial resolution, resampling technique, and classifier, were developed and evaluated using an error matrix. Gully classification accuracy generally improved with cubic convolution and nearest neighbor resampling when using SVM and RF. In contrast, resampling did not improve classification accuracy with the GBM classifier. These findings demonstrate the potential of spatial resampling as a cost-effective strategy to enhance gully classification accuracy, particularly when applied with SVM and RF. However, the lack of improvement with GBM suggests that the effectiveness of resampling is classifier-dependent. Therefore, spatial resampling should be prioritized for gully mapping when using SVM and RF to maximize classification accuracy.
Cu1−xAlx films as alternatives to copper for advanced interconnect metallization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

CuxAl1−x thin films with 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 have been studied as potential alternatives for metallization of advanced interconnects. First-principles simulations were used to obtain the CuxAl1−x electronic structure and cohesive energy to benchmark different intermetallics and their prospects for interconnect metallization. Next, thin CuxAl1−x films were deposited by PVD with thicknesses in the range between 3 and 28 nm. The lowest resistivities of 9.5 μΩ cm were obtained for 28 nm thick stoichiometric CuAl and CuAl2 after 400 °C postdeposition annealing. Based on the experimental results, we discuss the main challenges for the studied aluminides from an interconnect point of view, namely, control of the film stoichiometry, the phase separation observed for off-stoichiometric CuAl and CuAl2, as well as the presence of a nonstoichiometric surface oxide.
Estrogen replacement during hypoalbuminemia may enhance atherosclerotic risk.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Estrogen replacement therapy is considered antiatherosclerotic because it reduces LDL cholesterol and fibrinogen and increases HDL cholesterol concentrations. However, exogenous estrogen is also known to increase hepatic triglyceride production. Hyperlipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome is probably due to increased lipoprotein secretion into plasma and decreased clearance of lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Previously, lipid-lowering effects of ovariectomy in analbuminemic rats were observed, suggesting that in the presence of hypoalbuminemia, estrogen replacement may have adverse effects on the lipid profile. To test this hypothesis, ovariectomized control rats and rats with Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome were treated with estradiol. In ovariectomized controls, estradiol reduced plasma LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and fibrinogen and increased apolipoprotein A-I and triglycerides. Nephrotic rats were characterized by a marked decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperlipidemia, and stimulated hepatic fatty acid synthesis. The beneficial effects of estradiol on LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and fibrinogen found in ovariectomized controls were not present in estradiol-treated nephrotic rats. This suggests that in hypoalbuminemia, downregulation of the LDL receptor overrides putative estradiol-induced increases in LDL receptor activity. Moreover, estrogen replacement in the nephrotic syndrome doubled fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride secretion, and markedly exacerbated hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting saturation of triglyceride clearance. Thus, severe hypoalbuminemia in rats induces an atherosclerotic metabolic response that is aggravated by estrogen replacement. These findings suggest that estrogen replacement in hypoalbuminemic subjects could be contra-indicated.
A Research on the Deuteronomic Redactional History of 2 Kings 23:14

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 연구의 목적은 열왕기하 23장 14절에 나타나는 다양한 표현에 대한 통시적 분석을 통해 이 구절의 편집사를 추적하는 것이다. 이 구절은 요시야 왕이 석상들을 깨드리고 아세라 목상을 찍고 사람의 해골로 그곳에 채웠다는 전형적인 신명기적인 개혁의 내용을 포함한 독특한 본문으로 오랫동안 학자들의 관심을 받았다. 일부 학자는 이 구절을 요시야 시대의 신명기적 편집 본문으로, 일부 학자는 이 구절을 바빌론 포로기의 신명기 사가의 본문으로 구분한다. 일부는 이 구절의 전반절과 후반절의 시대를 다르게 보기도 한다. 필자는 이 구절에 나타나는 ‘석상들’(מצבוח)과 ‘아세라 목상’(אשדים)과 ‘사람의 해골’(עצמוח אדם)이라는 표현과 여기에 결합한 다양한 동사, שבד와 בדב과 מלא와 이 동사들의 앞에 나타나는 접속사 ‘와우’(ו)와의 관계 등에 관한 입체적인 연구를 통해 이 구절의 편집사를 추적한다. 이 연구를 통해 필자는 이 구절의 기본층은 14ab절의 ‘아세라 목상을 찍었다’(ויבדח אח־האשדים)는 표현으로 요시야가 앗수르의 종교적 영향을 제거하기 위한 개혁을 단행했다는 사실을 강조하는 요시야 시대의 신명기적 편집층이라는 사실을 밝혀낸다. 이 구절에 첨가된 첫 번째 편집층은 14b절의 ‘그가 사람의 해골로 그것들이 있던 자리를 채웠다’(וימלא אח־מקומם עצמוח אדם)는 표현으로 열왕기하 23장 16절의 וישדף [עצמוח] על־המןבח ויטמאהו라는 기본 표현을 참고해서 신명기의 바빌론 포로기의 편집층에 나타나는 alm 동사를 활용해 열왕기하 23장 15-20절의 사람의 해골로 벧엘의 산당을 부정하게 한 북이스라엘에서 행해진 요시야의 개혁이 남유다의 솔로몬의 산당과 관련된 우상 숭배 장소에서도 진행되었다는 것을 강조하는 바빌론 포로기의 신명기적 편집층이다. 이 구절에 첨가된 마지막 편집층은 14aa절의 ‘석상들을 깨뜨렸다’(ושבד אח־המצבוח)라는 어구로 שבד 동사와 מצבה가 결합한 이 형태는 신명기 7장 5절과 12장 3절에도 나타나는 전형적인 신명기적 표현으로 접속사 ו와 שבד 동사가 결합한 형태는 열왕기하 23장에서 문맥의 흐름을 단절시키며 나타나는 포로 이후에 wayyiqṭol을 대신하던 weqaṭal 형태 (4bb, 5a, 5b, 8b, 10, 12bb)이다. 포로 이후의 이 편집자는 요시야의 개혁이 솔로몬 산당에 있던 돌기둥 모양의 우상을 개혁하는 데까지 이르렀다는 것을 강조한다.
이 연구를 통해 요시야의 제의 정화 개혁 본문인 열왕기하 23장 14절이 요시야 시대에 형성되었을 뿐 아니라 바빌론 포로기와 포로 귀환 이후까지 신앙 공동체의 위기 때마다 이를 극복하기 위해 계속해서 편집 확장되었음을 확인하게 된다.
European Union Expansion: The Old And The New

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cyprus is an island of some 3,600 square miles in a strategic location at the crossroads of three continents in the eastern Mediterranean. The majority population has coexisted with minority communities, the largest of which is that of the Turkish Cypriots, most of whose ancestors arrived on the island after the Ottomans conquered Venetian-controlled Cyprus in 1571. An International Relations Debacle is a significant contribution to the understanding of the Cyprus problem in terms of both international politics and international law. This reviewer, on the basis of long experience, is of the conviction that, given a minimum of political goodwill, the problem is capable of a compromise solution, provided that such a solution is functional and not incompatible with the applicable rules of international law; there is much more that unites all Cypriots than the differences that at present divide them. Keywords:Claire Palley; Cyprus 1999–2004; international law; international politics; international relations
تطبيق طريقة سوروكان في تعليم كتب التراث

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research started from learning at Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School which since established applying Sorogan Method in some lesson kitab turats, the students and the graduates proved to have the ability to understand the Qur'an and religious books needed in the community, therefore the graduates of Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School have a role in religious field in society, and some graduates have successfully established educational institution, this proves that the study of book in Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School done well, one way learn kitab turats in this Islamic Boarding School using the Sorogan Method. This study aims to know and analyze: 1). the implementation of Sorogan Method in Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School Sundak Rarang East Lombok. 2). the students ability in reading kitab turats by using Sorogan Method at Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School Sundak Rarang East Lombok from 2014 until 2017. This research is a case study research using qualitative research approach, that is research which have characteristic that its data is natural phenomenon and oral information. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that: 1). The implementation of the Sorogan method is realized with two ways. (a). One student called to go forward to become readers and mean while other friends listening then explained by teacher, all students get turn to progressing to become a reader and not all students get a turn in a meeting of learning but usually the reader 2 to 3 students because of time limitations, while the student who have not got a turn at the learning meeting will get a turn in the next week. The students read the book in his study in front of the teachers then on the sidelines of the reading student sometimes he was asked by his teacher about how to read nahwu and sharafnya, after then teacher give explanation about the discussion at that time. 2). While the ability of students in reading kitab turats with sorogan method is very good and continue to increase because the student continue to get improvements and additional knowledge in reading the kitab turats, but the number of students who follow lesson in particular lesson kitab turats with sorogan method less.
Guyana in 2025: The Confluence of a Possible Dénouement of Its Centuries-Long Territorial Dispute and Its Newfound Oil Wealth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years Guyana has been featured in the news disproportionally. This paper begins with a short overview of the country’s vital statistics, followed by a brief review of Guyana’s political and economic pre- and post-independence history, incorporating a synopsis of its longstanding territorial dispute with its neighbor, Venezuela. The paper highlights Guyana’s recent recognition as a potentially large oil-producing nation, whose economy since 2020 has recorded the highest growth rate in the world. In 2023, real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 33%. With the government committed to deploying the country’s newfound wealth towards modernizing the economy and increasing living standards for all its citizens, Guyana’s vulnerability to the “Dutch disease” and the “resource curse” are discussed along with the technical support provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank who are assisting with the country’s development program.
Researching for optimal design of solar street lighting system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Along with the improvements of solar street lighting system efficiency and the developing of production technology,the solar power generation systems are more and more widely used.In lighting filed,the solar street lighting system as the main application module is much concerned and accepted.The writer shows his own views on optimal design of solar street lighting system in this paper and gives concept and technical trend of water-proof valve-regulated lead-acid battery as an energy storage part in the solar system.
Clinical characteristics and infectivity of asymptomatic carriers of SARS‑CoV‑2 (Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since December 2019, the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. At present, confirmed patients are the main source of infection, while a number of studies have indicated that asymptomatic carriers also have the ability to spread the virus. As of September 29, 2020, as the first country to report coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China has 375 asymptomatic infections according to the National Health Commission of China. Asymptomatic carriers have become the current focus of global epidemic prevention and control efforts. The present review article provides a brief introduction on the clinical characteristics and infectivity of asymptomatic carriers, and makes suggestions for the identification of asymptomatic carriers.
Foreign ownership and dividend policy - the case of Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper investigates the relationship between foreign ownership and dividend policy of firms in the Vietnam stock market. In other words, we attempt to shed light on the following questions: 1) Are foreign investors in Vietnam stock markets more likely to choose firms that pay high dividends?; 2) Do foreign investors cause firms to increase dividends when they have substantial shareholdings in Vietnamese firms? We use a rich and detailed data set, including both market data and firm attributes from 2007 to 2012. We employ a wide range of econometric techniques for panel data analysis including fixed effects and random effects. We further use the GMM estimator to address the bias due to the endogeneity and other biases of least squared estimators. We find that foreign investors in Vietnam prefer to invest in firms that pay low dividend and when become a larger shareholder, foreign investors tend to force firm managers to pay fewer dividends and retain higher income to exploit future emerging market opportunities.