jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a perennial warm-season grass that is a model species for the development of bioenergy crops. However, the sustainability of switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock will require efforts directed at improved biomass yield under a variety of stress factors. The objectives of this research were to: (1) elucidate greenbug and yellow sugarcane aphid feeding behavior on resistant and susceptible switchgrasses using electronic penetration graphs (EPG), (2) define transcriptional changes before and during insect feeding through RNA-seq to identify candidate resistance genes in a hybrid switchgrass cultivar, and (3) utilize methods in RNA sequencing of insects to uncover key transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in switchgrass-aphid interactions. Electronic penetration graphs on V3 switchgrass corroborated previous work detailing greenbug feeding behavior on V1 grasses. Greenbugs were unable to sustain phloem ingestion on resistant Kanlow plants. However, significant differences were not documented for yellow sugarcane aphid feeding behavior on V1 and V3 switchgrass. Transcriptional changes during insect feeding revealed that both aphids induced remodeling of the transcriptome in the hybrid switchgrass cultivar, KxS. KxS upregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolizing enzymes and downregulated genes in primary metabolism. Downregulation of genes associated with primary metabolism could effectively starve aphids of nutrients and/or direct resources to the production of defense-related metabolites. However, greenbugs and yellow sugarcane aphids induced divergent defense responses, including phytohormone signaling pathways and metabolite expression. KxS plants responded to yellow sugarcane aphid feeding, but not greenbugs, by inducing genes associated with a flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Characterizing the molecular response of greenbugs and yellow sugarcane aphids revealed an induction of genes associated with carbohydrate synthesis/metabolism on switchgrass, potentially to compensate for insufficient nutritional resources from the plants. Genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism were increased in aphids that had been starved or fed switchgrass, including Cytochrome P450s. Moreover, proteases were broadly induced in greenbugs that had feed on switchgrass, presumably to overcome plant protease inhibitors. Together, these studies present critical information for improving our knowledge of the plant-aphid interactions within this system and may help in characterizing specific mechanisms of resistance.
Ant sting in military forces on three Persian islands of Abu-Musa,

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: Ants with the ability of biting and injecting poison to human body are called sting ants. This study was conducted to identify and determine the ant types and the prevalence of ant sting and related epidemiological factors in three Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu-Musa islands, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during Jan-July 2010 in Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu-Musa islands on 318 military individuals who were selected by random sampling method. The ant collection was done by active hand-catch method. The ant sting prevalence and related epidemiological factors were determined by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods including Chi- square test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman and Gamma correlation by SPSS 12 software. Results: The species of sting ant was Pachycondyla sennaarensis Mayr, 1862. The mean prevalence of sting was 70.1%. The seasonal incidence of sting in three islands had the same pattern and was more common in spring and summer. 84.4% of ant sting had occurred in limbs. The main symptoms caused by the ant stings include pain, severe itching and local inflammation and blisters in some cases. Conclusion: Although sting bite is not much dangerous in the studied islands and does not lead to anaphylactic shock and death, the pain and itching and burning would cause discomfort for soldiers and reduce their efficiency. Therefore, preventive measures and control of these ants should be considered.
[Partial monosomy 10p in a case investigated with tomodensitometry (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new case of monosomy 10p without associated chromosomal abnormality is reported. This observation, compared with three others from the literature, shows the following common symptoms: microcephaly, antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, low-set ears, prominent anthelix, congenital heart disease, abnormalities of the limbs. Cranial tomography demonstrates a midline developmental anomaly of the brain (cavum vergae associated with cavum septi pellucidi).
The impact of the political factor on the literary thought of Abu Ala Al Maari and Elia Abu Madi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relationship between literature and politics is ancient and strong, they cannot be separated because they are closely related with each other, Politics was and still effecting in literature, as it entered all sciences, arts and systems, and it has its effect on the genius and development of literature. Upon studying the history of literature, we find that literature rose and developed as politics stabilized and flourished, , And when political life began to deteriorate, this affected literature, its spirit and its message. And the writer, if he lived days of fierce bloody wars, his literature would be affected. As for as if he lived a time of stability, his literature will be effected too. So, literature is the mirror that reflects the progress and backwardness that society is going through. A society’s stability can only be achieved by the stability of its political life. Therefore, this study comes to shed light on the impact of the political factor in the literary thought of Abu Ala Al Maari and Elia Abu Madi.
ENHANCING TOURIST EXPERIENCES THROUGH IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY, AUGMENTED REALITY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the tourism industry continually seeks innovative ways to engage and captivate travelers, immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are emerging as transformative tools. This research explores the potential of these technologies to enhance tourist experiences. Through an in-depth analysis of current applications and case studies, this study investigates how VR, AR, and AI contribute to personalized and immersive tourism encounters. Key findings highlight the ability of VR and AR to provide virtual travel previews, historical context, and interactive storytelling, while AI enhances tourists' journeys through personalized recommendations, real-time language translation, and adaptive travel planning. This research underscores the immense potential of these technologies to reshape the tourism landscape, making it more accessible, interactive, and memorable.
Book Review: “Command of Nature in Action”: From Experiment to Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| June 01 2015 Book Review: “Command of Nature in Action”: From Experiment to Empire Matthew C. Hunter. Wicked Intelligence: Visual Art and the Science of Experiment in Restoration London. : University of Chicago Press, 2013. xviii + 329 pp., illus., bibl., index. ISBN: 9-780-2260-1729-7. $55.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 9-780-2260-1732-7. $44.00 (e-book).Mary Terrall. Catching Nature in the Act: Réaumur and the Practice of Natural History in the Eighteenth Century. : University of Chicago Press, 2014. 275 pp., illus., bibl., index. ISBN: 9-780-2260-8860-0. $40.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 9-780-2260-8874-7. $32.00 (e-book).Rosalind Williams. The Triumph of Human Empire: Verne, Morris, and Stevenson at the End of the World. : University of Chicago Press, 2013. xii + 416 pp., illus., index. ISBN: 9-780-2268-9955-8. $30.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 9-780-2268-9958-9. $18.00 (e-book). Craig Ashley Hanson Craig Ashley Hanson Calvin College, Department of Art & Art History, 3201 Burton Street SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546; chanson@calvin.edu. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (2015) 45 (3): 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.3.493 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Craig Ashley Hanson; Book Review: “Command of Nature in Action”: From Experiment to Empire. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 1 June 2015; 45 (3): 493–500. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.3.493 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentHistorical Studies in the Natural Sciences Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by the Regents of the University of California2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Improved Fermentation Techniques' Positive Influence on the Components and Potency of Gentamicin Broth

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The improved fermentation technique was studied in a set of tanks of 20T. The results showed that addition of different nitrogen sources at various points during fermentation influenced the components and potency of broth greatly. The improved thin dispensation technique is able to bring out an optimal ratio of broth's components.
Testing and Application of Surrogate Surfaces for Understanding Potential Gaseous Oxidized Mercury Dry Deposition

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently there is no standard method for measurement of atmospheric mercury dry deposition. While all operationally defined forms of atmospheric mercury (elemental, oxidized, and particulate) can be dry deposited, oxidized forms are of concern due to high deposition velocities, water solubility, and reactivity. This paper describes the development of a surrogate surface for characterizing potential dry deposition of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM). Laboratory tests showed that the surface collected HgCl<sub>2</sub>, HgBr<sub>2</sub>, and HgO with equal efficiency, and deposition was not significantly influenced by temperature, humidity, or ozone concentrations. Deposition of mercury to surfaces in field deployments was correlated with GOM concentrations (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.84, <i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>n</i> = 326). Weekly mean GOM deposition velocities from surface deployments (1.1 ± 0.6 cm s<sup>−1</sup>) were higher than modeled values (0.4 ± 0.2 cm s<sup>−1</sup>) at four field sites, but were within the range reported for direct measurements. Although the surfaces do not simulate the heterogeneity of natural surfaces and need to be validated by direct measurements, they do provide a physical means for estimating temporal trends and spatial variability of dry deposition of GOM.
SULT1A1 copy number variation: ethnic distribution analysis in an Indian population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes involved in metabolism of numerous xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Interindividual variation in sulfonation capacity is important for determining an individual's response to xenobiotics. SNPs in SULTs, mainly SULT1A1 have been associated with cancer risk and also with response to therapeutic agents. Copy number variation (CNVs) in SULT1A1 is found to be correlated with altered enzyme activity. This short report primarily focuses on CNV in SULT1A1 and its distribution among different ethnic populations around the globe. Frequency distribution of SULT1A1 copy number (CN) in 157 healthy Indian individuals was assessed using florescent-based quantitative PCR assay. A range of 1 to >4 copies, with a frequency of SULT1A1 CN =2 (64.9%) the highest, was observed in our (Indian) population. Upon comparative analysis of frequency distribution of SULT1A1 CN among diverse population groups, a statistically significant difference was observed between Indians (our data) and African-American (AA) (p = 0.0001) and South African (Tswana) (p < 0.0001) populations. Distribution of CNV in the Indian population was found to be similar to that in European-derived populations of American and Japanese. CNV of SULT1A1 varies significantly among world populations and may be one of the determinants of health and diseases.
Production technology of late Roman decorated tableware from the Vesuvius environs: Evidence from Pollena Trocchia (Campania region, Italy)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The northern slope of Mt. Vesuvius contains some interesting archaeological sites, including the site discovered in the town of Pollena Trocchia , where the remains, dated to between the 79 and 472 CE eruptions, document the transition from the Roman to late Roman cultural and socioeconomic settings. Profound changes occurred in this time interval, which can be inferred from changes in the ceramic manufacturing processes. Common wares, as the most widespread ceramic class in the archaeological record, are a useful example that illustrates this technological transformation. Seventeen samples of tableware, distinguished into three ceramic classes according to the method of slip application (i.e., Slipped Ware, Painted Ware “a straccio,” and Painted Ware), were analyzed. The results highlight the use of high‐CaO clayey raw materials compositionally similar to Apennine clayey deposits. The clay bodies were occasionally tempered with sandy‐silt materials composed of volcanic grains with lesser amounts of siliciclastic fragments. Firing temperatures ranged from 800 to 950°C, as suggested by quantitative X‐ray powder diffraction and microstructural analyses combined with colorimetric measurements of the ceramic bodies. Micro‐Raman analyses performed on slips revealed the use of ochre for decorating the vessels; it was applied in a different way, representing an actual technological change.
EPA-0682 – Investigator-rated symptomatological outcomes in a phase 4 study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impaired executive function

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appear in childhood, but are recognised as often persistent into adulthood. Impairments in day-to-day functioning associated with ADHD in adults include deficiency in executive function. Evaluate the effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD and executive function deficit. This phase 4, randomized, double-blind study enrolled adults (aged 18–55) with baseline ADHD Rating Scale IV with Adult Prompts (ADHD-RSIV- Adult) total score ≥28 and baseline Global Executive Composite T-score ≥65 on the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive optimized doses of LDX (30, 50 or 70 mg/day) or placebo for up to 10 weeks. The change from baseline in the investigator-rated ADHD-RS-IV-Adult total score was a secondary efficacy outcome. The full analysis set comprised 154 patients (LDX, n=79; placebo, n=75). At baseline, mean ADHD-RS-IV-Adult total score was 39.9 in both groups (standard deviation [SD]: LDX, 6.83; placebo, 7.37) and mean changes from baseline to week 10 or early termination were −21.4 (SD, 11.27) and −10.3 (12.70) in the LDX and placebo groups, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (LDX minus placebo) in least-squares mean changes of −11.1 (95% confidence interval: −14.9, −7.3), with an effect size of 0.94 in favour of LDX (p<0.0001). Safety outcomes were consistent with previous studies and the known effects of stimulant treatment. Short-term treatment with LDX markedly reduced ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD and impaired executive function. Study funded by Shire.
Na~+ current block with holding potential and voltage-dependant and current inactivation of Na_v1.5 in human embryonic kidney cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the course of recovery from holding potential,voltage-dependant block and fast,slow sodium inactivation of Nav1.5 in human embryonic kidney(HEK) cells,and to verify the effects of Lidocaine on them.Methods The two pulses of recovery and test pulse were generated with interval duration varying from 16 ms to 1 020 ms and holding potential was from-80 to-140 mV.Fast and slow sodium inactivation were induced by special stimulating program.The effects of Lidocaine on recovery from voltage-dependant block of Nav1.5 in HEK were also tested.Results It showed that the time courses of recovery from frequency-dependent block was 33.2±5.77 ms(n=9) at-140 mV for holding potential(Hp).However,it delayed to 1 015 ms when Hp=-90 mV or-100 mV.There was negative relationship between fast sodium inactivation and Hp changing(r=-0.97,P0.01).However,there was no clear relationship between slow sodium inactivation and Hp changing.In the presence of 0.1 mmol/L Lidocaine,Hp=-100 mV,and 30 s of interval,20% of amplitude of sodium current was decreased in the resting state.Lidocaine 0.1 mmol/L showed frequency-dependant block of Nav1.5 in HEK by increasing frequency from 1Hz to 20 Hz.Conclusion There is relationship between course of recovery from voltage-dependant block of Nav1.5 in HEK cells and the frequency of stimulation and Hp changing;There is negative relationship between fast sodium inactivation and Hp changing;Lidocaine showed more frequency-dependant block of Nav1.5 in HEK cells by increasing frequency from 1Hz to 20 Hz.[Chinese Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology,2009,23(1):43-46]
The Element of Sports Leisurew——Discussion on Popularization of Sports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the coming of leisure times,sports leisure becomes an important part of lifestyle.The study on it will be the hot topic and forefront of sport theory.China sports urgently need to accept the sports leisure and discuss its theory.The best breakthrough point is the popularization of sports.The popularization shows the amusement and fascination of sports activity,and becomes the element of sports leisure.During the recreation activity,the game spirit should be regarded as the soul.It is the good transfer of our competitive sports to professional sports after Olympic Games for paying attention to element of recreation and popularization.
National burden of injuries and violence: a household survey in Egypt

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction In 2008, Injury was ranked as the 5th leading cause of mortality and 3rd cause of hospitalisation in Egypt. The aim of the survey was to identify the burden and characteristics of injuries through a population based survey. Methods A population-based survey was undertaken in five governorates of Egypt through a multi stage probability proportional to size sampling method. A validated semistructured questionnaire was used and information was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, external causes, risk factors for road crashes, outcome, impact and utilisation of healthcare. Results Interviews were conducted in 11 118 households and 47 797 individuals were covered during the period March–July 2009. Injuries accounted for 20% of deaths in the surveyed regions. The highest injury mortality was among men and in younger age groups (<45 years). Road traffic injuries were the leading injury cause of death constituting for 56% of deaths with an age adjusted mortality of 20/100 000 population. Road traffic injuries and falls, one-third each, predominated non-fatal injuries, 35% and 34%, respectively. Nearly half of RTIs occurred on the highways. Pedestrians and vehicles drivers were involved in greater numbers of road crashes to the extent of 41% and 40%, respectively. Seat belt usage rate was only 40% and helmet usage rate was <5%. Nearly half of all fall injuries occurred at home. Conclusions Road, home and work safety needs to be addressed within the national policies and programmes and through intersectoral approaches.
A Dynamic and Flexible Undergraduate Curriculum: Preparing Agribusiness Students for a Continually Changing Agricultural Sector Global Networks, Global Perspectives and Global Talent Discussions on the Development of Human Capital in Agribusiness 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Individuals entering the Agribusiness industry need to have the flexibility to adapt to a rapidly changing global environment, and so does an Agribusiness curriculum. This essay provides an overview of a major curriculum overhaul that has transformed the Department of Agribusiness at the California Polytechnic State University. A rigid concentration structure has been reformed to a more flexible and dynamic no-concentration structure to develop successful future leaders in an ever-evolving industry. This essay explains the need for a more flexible undergraduate agribusiness curriculum and identifies its potential benefits and drawbacks.
Psychosurgery

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To the Editor.—

Dr. Ricketts said: "Nevertheless, the use of surgery to mitigate violent behavior raises serious questions. Some of these, posed by the writer to the authors, appear in the first column on page 768 without, however, very satisfactory answers. That such answers, as the authors state, have been attempted in a previous paper is not helpful to readers of the present contribution, where they also belong." The question posed by Dr. Ricketts involved the publication of the entire paper entitled "The Role of Limbic Brain Dysfunction in Aggression," which appears in the most recent issue of the Research Publications of theAssociation for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease. This would have increased the length of our communication by three or four pages and many references. It was the solution of your editorial board to publish this information in the form in which it appeared. I am quite
Pyramid Comet Sampler (PyCoS)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Future sample retuns missions from comets and small bodies require a sample acquisition system that can deal with a range of material strength and still satisfy a mimimum sample volume. To address these two requirements, Honeybee Robotics developed a piercing-style sampling system called Pyramid Comet Sampler (PyCoS). PyCoS falls into a family of sample capture systems that use piercing blades. Such systems could potentially include 2 or more blades. The ‘piercing blades’ systems are used every day as posthole diggers and tree spades. During our research we investigated a number of blade designs for 3 (Tetrahedron) and 4 blade (Pyramid) geometries. We designed and built experimental fixtures for a single shot and percussive approach of driving blades into subsurface. Test results demonstrate that it is possible to penetrate >10 cm depth in materials as strong as 4 MPa with energies per blade that can be generated by a Rosetta harpoon pyrotechnic device. Percussive systems, on the other hand, cannot penetrate 4 MPa materials with 2.5 J/blow hammer energy. Therefore, a single, high energy impact is the most robust approach to sample capture using piercing blades approach.