jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Maha-prajapati Bhiksuni Sutra

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Rightly named for Maha-prajapati, the first bhiksuni (Buddhist nun), this sutra depicts the story of how the Buddha’s foster-mother, in her sixties at Kapilavatthu (the Buddha’s birthplace), begged the Buddha earnestly and continually to admit her and five hundred other lay women of the Sakya tribe into the monastic order. Viewed from the “Buddha-Only Vehicle” perspective of The Lotus Sutra, The Maha-prajapati Bhiksuni Sutra reveals the Buddha’s compassionate will and vow to help the female practitioners consummate their quest for the ultimate nirvana—becoming a Buddha. In addition, He thus fulfilled His filial piety for His foster-mother. Though founded on The Eight Commands That Demand Respect for the Bhiksus (the eight rules prescribed by the Buddha as the precondition for admitting women into the monastic order), this sutra is not based on a secular patriarchic/male-chauvinist discriminatory view of the Sangha regarding women. What distinguishes this sutra from other sutras is that in it the Buddha explicated in great detail the women’s delusive 84 sentiments and postures and explained the reasons to reach Arhaship by getting rid of the 84 feminine sentiments and postures.
Electrical instability of a-Si:H/SiN thin film transistors: a study at room temperature and low voltage stress

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The thesis shows the results of four years of research into the electrical stability of a-Si:H/SiN TFTs. Various methods of investigation of a-Si:H/SiN TFTs have been carried out in this thesis towards understanding the causes of degradation that shortens the transistor lifetime and narrows the transistor application area. The research aims to cast light on the mechanism responsible for a-Si:H/SiN TFTs degradation during short and long period of voltage stress at room temperature.
Physical activity in relation to metabolic health and obesity: The Feel4Diabetes study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To examine physical activity levels in association with metabolic health and estimate the stability of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes over a 2‐year period. Methods In total, 2848 men and women from families at risk of the development of diabetes were recruited. Participants were classified as obese or non‐obese and metabolic health was defined using five existing definitions. Physical activity was estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and pedometers. Results Prevalence of the MHO phenotype varied among definitions (0% to 20.2%). Overall, the MHO were more active than the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Daily sitting hours (odds ratio [OR] = 1.055, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009‐1.104) and daily steps (per 500; OR = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.896‐0.973) were remarkable predictors of metabolic health in individuals with obesity; and likewise, in individuals without obesity. After 2 years, 44.1% of baseline MHO adults transitioned to MUO, while 84.0% of the MUO at baseline remained at the same phenotype. Although physical activity was not a major determinant in phenotype transitioning, daily steps were associated with the maintenance of metabolic health over time in the non‐obese group. Conclusion A universally accepted definition for MHO is needed. Being physically active can contribute to a metabolically healthy profile even in the presence of obesity; still, MHO is a transient condition and physical activity alone may not be an adequate factor for its maintenance.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Presence of Intracranial Pathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established method to treat various psychiatric disorders. However, ECT is not without risk; as such, all patients undergo a thorough workup to ensure appropriate patient selection. An important physiological event during ECT is the transient increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), which raises the question of intracranial contraindications to this treatment modality. A literature review was conducted to explore the safety of ECT in the presence of various intracranial pathologies to establish a summary of recommendations. Neuropathologies considered include malignant or benign brain tumours, arachnoid cysts, neurovascular conditions, neurotrauma, hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and Chiari 1 malformations. The literature remains very sparse on this topic, mostly including case series or short retrospective studies. However, there have not been any established absolute contraindications to ECT. Available evidence describes lower risks following ECT in clinically asymptomatic tumors, arachnoid cysts, treated hydrocephalus, and asymptomatic Chiari 1 malformation. Several strategies have been proposed to mitigate the risks of transient rise of intracranial pressure in certain conditions, including the administration of steroid medications and intravenous antihypertensives. The decision to proceed with ECT in the presence of intracranial pathology should be made on a case-by-case basis by a multidisciplinary team involving both psychiatric and neurosurgical teams.
Nonlinear motion characteristics of the high-temperature superconducting levitation system with boundary crack

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High-temperature superconducting levitation systems have nonlinear behaviors, such as the period-doubling bifurcation and chaotic vibration under external excitation, in connection with the nonlinear hysteresis interaction between the high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) and permanent magnet. The HTSC is a non-ideal type II superconductor in which the fracture is generated internally during manufacturing, and the material properties are brittle. The HTSC tends to crack under a strong magnetic field and electromagnetic force, and its internal defects are likely to cause structural damage with the variable Lorentz force. The fracture performance of the superconducting magnetic levitation system will affect the temperature variation of HTSC, in which the temperature is coupled with the internal electromagnetic force. In this paper, we analyze the fracture characteristics of the HTSC in nonlinear vibration with thermal effect. A superconducting magnetic levitation system model with boundary cracks is applied to study the coupling of multiple physical fields in dynamic processes. The Maxwell equation and superconducting electromagnetic constitutive equation are used to obtain the superconductor’s current density, and the temperature is calculated through the heat conduction equation. The superconducting magnetic flux flow and creep model is applied to analyze the magnetic flux motion inside the superconductors. We compare the superconducting levitation system’s electromagnetic force, temperature, and current density with four critical current densities. The numerical results show that the critical current density of superconductors significantly impacts bifurcation motion, and the temperature of the crack tip of the superconductors varies greatly during vibration, causing the superconductor to lose its superconductivity.
Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Immune Characteristics of the Monophasic and Biphasic Course of Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The biphasic course of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is well described, but information on the monophasic course is limited. We assessed and compared the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and immune responses in 705 adult TBE patients: 283 with monophasic and 422 with biphasic course. Patients with the monophasic course were significantly (p ≤ 0.002) older (57 vs. 50 years), more often vaccinated against TBE (7.4% vs. 0.9%), more often had comorbidities (52% vs. 37%), and were more often treated in the intensive care unit (12.4% vs. 5.2%). Multivariate logistic regression found strong association between the monophasic TBE course and previous TBE vaccination (OR = 18.45), presence of underlying illness (OR = 1.85), duration of neurologic involvement before cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination (OR = 1.39), and patients’ age (OR = 1.02). Furthermore, patients with monophasic TBE had higher CSF levels of immune mediators associated with innate and adaptive (Th1 and B-cell) immune responses, and they had more pronounced disruption of the blood–brain barrier. However, the long-term outcome 2–7 years after TBE was comparable. In summary, the monophasic course is a frequent and distinct presentation of TBE that is associated with more difficult disease course and higher levels of inflammatory mediators in CSF than the biphasic course; however, the long-term outcome is similar.
PREVALENCE ESTIMATES OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN REGIONS, SAUDI ARABIA WITH REFERENCE TO DIABETES MELLITUS RELATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

27Apr 2020 PREVALENCE ESTIMATES OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN REGIONS, SAUDI ARABIA WITH REFERENCE TO DIABETES MELLITUS RELATION Arwa Alzarani , Renad Almusawi , Shuruq Alshammari and Soha Abdallah
Common welfare versus the spirit of private enterprise: the experience of Italian municipalization from 1880 to 1930

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the Italian debate on municipalization between the 1880s and the 1920s and is divided into two parts. The first deals with the emergence of the municipalization in the late nineteenth century as a component in the birth of the Social State. The second part concerns the analytical tools elaborated by some leading Italian economists in the first three decades of the twentieth century, when municipalization was the expression of an entire lifecycle, with an early expanding stage (until World War I) and a later stage (under Fascism) of prevalent stagnation.
Population variability in the effect of aspirin on platelet function. Implications for clinical trials and therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Little or nothing is known about how the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelets distributes in the general population. We describe a simple whole-blood assay for the extent of aspirin-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation and its application to 31 aspirin-treated subjects. Platelet inhibition to two or more 325-mg aspirin tablets was measured using a newly developed method in 31 healthy, young adults. These subjects showed a wide range of variation in their response to aspirin, which in subsequent studies was found to be stable over time. The effect persisted even when the steps of gut absorption and liver metabolism were bypassed. We conclude that the response of platelets to aspirin varies to the extent that a significant proportion of the population may be nonresponsive and that this variability may be intrinsic to platelets and/or their blood environment.
Stack Frame Caching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A stack-based processor where the instruction set acts on data resided on an evaluation stack, has its performance bottleneck due to the limit of access to the stack. Although the stack-based processor has low performance, it is very low cost to implement. This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of a stack-based processor. A number of fast registers are used to “cache ” part of the evaluation stack. This can be achieved without affecting the instruction set and most of the data path. A detailed analysis of the control steps is given. The performance gain is around 30 % of the original processor. Key Words: stack-based processor, microarchitecture, stack frame caching
Quantum-driven optical security: a hybrid experimental-computational framework for unclonable authentication

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ensuring secure authentication is a critical challenge in modern security applications. This study presents a novel approach utilizing the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of non-toxic quantum dots (QDs) to generate unique optical fingerprints. PL measurements capture emission properties, which are processed through computational algorithms to extract distinct security identifiers. The results demonstrate that this method offers highly distinctive and reproducible optical signatures for authentication and anti-counterfeiting applications. By integrating experimental and computational techniques, this approach enhances precision and security. Future work will focus on optimizing stability and scalability for real-world deployment in secure authentication systems.
The Politics of Development and Participatory Planning. From Top Down to Top Down

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper measures the level of participation in Ghana’s four most recent development policy and planning documents, from the Vision 2020 to the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda. Using Systematic Review and a developed modified version of Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation, the paper concludes that development planning in Ghana is top down and non participatory. The paper further uncovered that civilian and military governments before and after independence in 1957 adopted the top down approach and planned from the centre with no traces of citizens’ participation in the planning processes. It was further determined that this top down and non participatory mode of planning is deeply enshrined in Ghana’s current and past development planning culture and history, a legacy bequeathed to colonies by colonialists.
Improving students’ participation in english class through the optimization of three steps interview technique (a classroom action research at SMA N 7 Surakarta in the academic year 2017/2018)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas 11 SMA di Surakarta. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 16 siswa laki-laki dan 18 siswa perempuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkan partisipasi siswa di kelas bahasa Inggris melalui optimalisasi tehnik Three Steps Interview dan menemukan permasalahan yang timbul saat tehnik tersebut diimplementasikan. Penelitian ini memiliki dua siklus dimana setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Metode ini terbagi menjadi empat tahap yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi tindakan. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah observasi, wawancara, kuisioner, dokumentasi dan tabel partisipasi siswa. Hasil tabel partisipasi siwa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada indikator pertama dari 7 siswa di pra-penelitian menjadi 34 siswa di akhir siklus ke dua. Kemudian indikator ke dua, dari 4 siwa pada pra penelitian menjadi 34 siswa di akhir siklus ke dua. Dan indikator terakhir, meningkat dari 9 siswa di pra penelitian menjadi 27 siswa di akhir siklus ke dua. Dari hasil observasi ditemukan adanya beberapa permasalahan antara lain alokasi waktu, pengelolaan kelas, beberapa siswa yang tidak mau mengikuti instruksi, dan kesulitan yang dialami peneliti dalam menjalankan peran sebagai guru dan pengamat sekaligus.Keyword: Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Partisipasi Siswa, Three Steps Interview
Sinomenine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid isolated from sinomenium acutum plant, possesses many pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-hyperalgesia, anti-allergy, anti-apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of SIN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.Methods: RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS and/or indicated concentrations of SIN. Inflammatory cytokine production, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, was detected by ELISA. Expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155), SOCS1 and NF-κB was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, separately. Simultaneously, miR-155 inhibitor and SOCS1 SiRNA were transfected to observe the regulative effects of SIN on the expression of miR-155, SOCS1, and NF-κB.Results: Our result showed that SIN treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine release, suppressed the expression of miR-155, enhanced SOCS1 expression at mRNA and protein levels, and prevented NF-ĸB transcription. Furthermore, transfection of miR-155 inhibitor and SOCS1 SiRNA emphasized that the regulation of miR-155, SOCS1, and NF-ĸB was associated with the anti-inflammatory activation of SIN in LPS-treated macrophages.Conclusions: This study indicated that SIN alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages by downregulating miR-155 and upregulating SOCS1, at least partly, leading to the suppression of NF-ĸB transcription. These findings suggest that SIN might be developed as an alternative and promising drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Age, Health, and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey in Japan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A contingent valuation survey was conducted in Sizuoka, Japan, to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the risk of dying and calculate the value of statistical life (VSL) for use in environmental policy in Japan. Special attention was devoted to the effects of age and health characteristics on WTP. We find that the VSLs are somewhat lower (103 to 344 million yen) than those found in the virtually identical survey applied in some developed countries. These values were subject to a variety of validity tests, which they generally passed. We find that the WTP for those over age 70 is lower than that for younger adults, but that this effect is eliminated in multiple regression. Rather, when accounting for other covariates, we find that WTP generally increases with age throughout the ages in our sample (age 40 and over). The effect of health status on WTP is mixed, with WTP of those with cancer being lower than that of healthy respondents while the WTP of those with heart disease is greater. The VSLs for future risk changes are lower than those for contemporaneous risk reductions. The implicit discount rates of 5.8–8.0% are relatively larger than the discount rate regularly used in environment policy analyses. This first-of-its-kind survey in Japan provides information directly useful for estimating the benefits of environmental and other policies that lower mortality risks to the general population and sub-groups with a variety of specific traits.
Experts and Evidence: Sweden’s Nuclear Decision-Making in the 1970s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role of nuclear power was intensely debated in Sweden in the 1970s. Experts took an active part in the debate and many of them presented their views in books and booklets. The experts were divided in their view of Sweden’s nuclear future. This should be a good ground for getting a well-informed public and seeing the nuclear decision-making as both democratic and rational. However, the anti-nuclear side had a tendency to argue against nuclear power as part of a larger system of hard technology and big power dominance, standing against local initiatives and ecology. They were disinclined to take up a discussion that could have moderated the perceived threats and risks of nuclear power. This disinclination even led to a rather misleading argument about the relationship between nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Amazingly, it was spread by the most prestigious of all the experts involved.
Digital Beauty: Screening Black Hair in Cyberspace

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Influenced by the politics of race, gender, and beauty, hair grooming is an important facet of expressive cultures in the African Diaspora. This chapter focuses on a YouTube Internet community devoted to 'natural hair,' afro-textured hair without chemical processing. The study explores the natural hair online community and seeks to assess its impact on perceptions of beauty, self-esteem, and racial pride among women in the African Diaspora. Using qualitative analysis, 140 YouTube videos about black natural hair were examined. An online ethnography approach was applied in analysing textual data from over 5000 comments posted on YouTube. Themes explored include analysis of the YouTube natural hair community culture, viewer identification with video performers, validation of black beauty and hair, exchanges of various forms of social support within the community, and the language of black hair on the Internet. Findings from a brief survey provide insight about YouTube participants' thoughts about black women with natural hair. Also, the role of user-generated video sharing websites in providing a free space for black women to instruct and inform one another about their hair and foster international dialogues is discussed. With limited images of black women with afro-textured hair in traditional mass media and a beauty landscape dominated by hyper-consumption of chemical hair straightening products and appliances, wigs, and hair extensions, the study illustrates how the natural hair online community functions as a beauty counterculture and virtual support system. Moreover, the study suggests increased access to images of black women with natural hair and self-identification with those images, can positively impact perceptions of beauty and self-esteem among women in the African Diaspora.
What Determines Tourist Adoption of Hotel Websites for Online Hotel Bookings?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The online purchase through web channels regarding travel related product services have really taken an unprecedented growth. The objectives of the study is to determine how information quality available on the websites of the hotels influence the intentions of customers of online bookings. Furthermore, the study also seeks to analyze how etrust as mediator influence the customer online booking intention.A simple random sampling technique used to collect the data with help of a questionnaire as the data collection tool to survey the customers in Delhi. The total valid sample size was 400. The framework and hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM empirically. The paper found significant and positive relation between information quality and online hotel booking intentions of users whereas the relation between source credibility and online hotel booking intentions found insignificant. In addition, etrust partially mediate between information quality and online booking intentions through hotel website and no mediation between source credibility and online hotel booking intentions.
The Powering Scheme of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment comprises ~15000 silicon strip detectors, divided into ~2000 “power groups ” to share power, control and cooling services. The high voltage (0-600V) biasing the detectors and the low voltages (1.25V and 2.5V) required to power readout and control electronics are provided by a modular system of “power supply units ” (PSU), which has to deliver ~15 kA inside the tracker volume. The voltage drop along the ~50m long cables is compensated using the sense wires technique. The designed system and the PSU implementation are described in detail. Also a cable of new design, featuring low resistance and low impedance, has been developed for this specific application. The performances of the system with PSU prototypes and close-to-final detector configurations are shown. I. THE CMS SILICON STRIP TRACKER The tracker of the CMS experiment [1] at the LHC collider is composed of a central pixel detector, located at a small distance (R &lt; 15cm) from the beam pipe, and a silicon strip detector (SST), which extends 5.5m longitudinally and 88cm radially (from 22 to 110 cm from the beam pipe) covering the pseudorapidity region η &lt; 2.6 [2]. The SST is subdivided into:- four inner concentric layers (&quot;Tracker Inner Barrel&quot;, or TIB);- two mini-endcaps, complementing the TIB system,