jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrating Pharmacogenomics into the Broader Construct of Genomic Medicine: Efforts by the ClinGen Pharmacogenomics Working Group (PGxWG)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is focused on the relationship between an individual's genetic makeup and their response to medications, with the overarching aim of guiding prescribing decisions to improve drug efficacy and reduce adverse events. The PGx and genomic medicine communities have worked independently for over 2 decades, developing separate standards and terminology, making implementation of PGx across all areas of genomic medicine difficult. To address this issue, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Pharmacogenomics Working Group (PGxWG) was established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded ClinGen to initially create frameworks for evaluating gene–drug response clinical validity and actionability aligned with the ClinGen frameworks for evaluating monogenic gene–disease relationships, and a framework for classifying germline PGx variants similar to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP) system for interpretation of disease-causing variants. These frameworks will leverage decades of work from well-established PGx resources facilitating buy-in among PGx stakeholders. In this report, we describe the background and major activities of the ClinGen PGxWG, and how this initiative will facilitate the critical inclusion of PGx into the larger context of genomic medicine.
Fasciculation and elongation zeta‐1 protein (FEZ1) interacts with the retinoic acid receptor and participates in transcriptional regulation of the Hoxb4 gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fasciculation and elongation zeta‐1 (FEZ1) protein is involved in axon outgrowth and is highly expressed in the brain. It has multiple interaction partners, with functions varying from the regulation of neuronal development and intracellular transport mechanisms to transcription regulation. One of its interactors is retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which is activated by retinoic acid and controls many target genes and physiological process. Based on previous evidence suggesting a possible nuclear role for FEZ1, we wanted to deepen our understanding of this function by addressing the FEZ1–RAR interaction. We performed in vitro binding experiments and assessed the interface of interaction between both proteins. We found that FEZ1–RAR interacted with a similar magnitude as RAR to its responsive element DR5 and that the interaction occurred in the coiled‐coil region of FEZ1 and in the ligand‐binding domain of RAR. Furthermore, cellular experiments were performed in order to confirm the interaction and screen for induced target genes from an 86‐gene panel. The analysis of gene expression showed that only in the presence of retinoic acid did FEZ1 induce hoxb4 gene expression. This finding is consistent with data from the literature showing the hoxb4 gene functionally involved in development and acute myeloid leukemia, as is FEZ1.
Operational Assessment of Speed Control Measures on Capacity of Urban Roads in Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla, Colombia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the aim to reduce accident rates and assist in pedestrian traffic, in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia), electronic devices for speed control (speed cameras) have been installed on roads of high vehicular flow with difficulty in pedestrian transit. Traffic Calming Measures are described in the literature as a set of measures to regulate traffic on roads, ensure mobility, and reduce accidents. This article focuses its study on the impact of Traffic Calming Measures through electronic devices on urban or inner cities roads (capacity and operating speed on them). This study centers in the evaluation of the operational impact of speed cameras and the data of vehicular speed and flow collected through them in four main roads of the city, with the purpose of estimating models that establish relationships of speed-flow, and analyzing the impact of these Traffic Calming Measures on the vehicular capacity of urban roads. In the estimation of road capacity, a Greenshields model was applied, with which via speed–density and flow-density relationships, we aim to determine how operational transit is affected by the use of speed cameras. Conclusions show that operational transit is affected by diminishing road capacity between 7 to 41 percent and these Traffic Calming measures are ineffective to ease pedestrian traffic as is expected.
Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Among First‐Time Mothers: A Mixed‐Methods Study Comparing Spontaneous and Assisted Conceptions in Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aim This mixed‐method study aimed to examine the relationship between mode of conception and breastfeeding self‐efficacy among first‐time mothers in Turkey, comparing outcomes between those who conceived spontaneously and those who conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART). A secondary objective was to explore the lived experiences of women with low breastfeeding self‐efficacy in both groups. Methods Using an exploratory sequential mixed‐methods design, quantitative data were collected from 100 mothers, 50 with spontaneous pregnancies and 50 with ART‐conceived pregnancies, using a validated breastfeeding self‐efficacy scale. In the qualitative phase, in‐depth interviews were conducted with six mothers who scored low on the scale or reported breastfeeding difficulties. The qualitative component was guided by Dennis' Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Framework. Results Quantitative findings revealed significantly higher breastfeeding self‐efficacy scores among mothers with spontaneous pregnancies compared to those who conceived through ART. Qualitative analysis identified key influencing factors such as emotional adjustment to motherhood, perceived social expectations and physical challenges related to breastfeeding. A critical gap in targeted breastfeeding education and postnatal support was noted across both groups. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for individualized, culturally sensitive breastfeeding interventions, particularly for mothers who have conceived through ART. Tailored support strategies addressing both psychological and physical aspects of the postpartum experience may enhance breastfeeding outcomes in this growing population.
Cyclooxygenase 2 Pathway Mediates IL-1β Regulation of IL-1α, -1β, and IL-6 mRNA Levels in Leydig Cell Progenitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prostanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX1 and COX2 isozymes) pathway and are involved in signal transduction pathways activated by distinct ILs. Although COX1 is the constitutive isoform of COX, IL-1beta is a potent inducer of COX2 expression in distinct cell types. This study was designed to determine whether cyclooxygenases could mediate endogenous cytokine regulation in rat progenitor Leydig cells. COX and IL (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) mRNAs were measured by PCR and real-time PCR analyses, respectively. COX function was assessed using COX activity inhibitors: indomethacin (INDO; COX1 and COX2 inhibitor) and NS-398 (COX2 selective inhibitor). Our data indicate that endogenous progenitor COX1 mRNA levels are low and are not regulated by IL-1beta. In contrast, COX2 mRNA is induced by IL-1beta at 6, 9, and 24 h. IL-1beta induction of IL mRNAs was in part significantly impaired in the presence of INDO or NS-398. Among the prostanoids tested, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), PGF(2alpha), and carbaprostacyclin reversed the INDO inhibition of IL production. PGs alone have no (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) or a modest (IL-6) effect on IL mRNA levels. PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and PGI(2) measurements show that IL-1beta treatment significantly increases progenitor Leydig cell production of these PGs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that this COX2 cascade is a regulator of cytokines in Leydig progenitors.
Impact assessment model of tunnel construction on tunnel operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to accurately evaluate the impact of tunnel construction on tunnel operation, a new impact evaluation model of tunnel construction on tunnel operation is established in this paper. Firstly, the three-dimensional models of paihuadong tunnel and Mingyueshan tunnel of Shanghai Chengdu Railway are established; Then, the excavation of the left and right lines of Mingyueshan tunnel is simulated, and the change of structural internal force is evaluated; Finally, based on the simulation results, the influence model of tunnel construction on tunnel operation is established. The results show that the model can accurately reflect the impact of tunnel construction on tunnel operation.
Reverse metagenomics reveals diverse quorum sensing systems in complex activated sludge community

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacteria produce and respond to signal molecules to synchronize their population behaviours in a process known as Quorum Sensing (QS) signalling. The N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) QS system consisting of a pair of luxI/luxR gene homologs is one of the most well established QS systems. While AHL QS systems have been well studied mostly in cultivable bacterial populations, the role and diversity of AHL QS systems, where most bacteria are uncultivable, remain unknown. In this study, reverse metagenomics is used to screen for luxI/luxR gene homologs from a deeply sequenced metagenome obtained from an activated sludge community. A total of 12 AHL-producing LuxI homologs and 30 putative LuxR homologs were identified. The majority of the LuxI/LuxR homologs were found to be phylogenetically distinct from their counterparts discovered in bacterial isolates. Using mass spectrometry, these novel LuxI homologs were found to produce a wide variety of AHLs ranging from four to sixteen carbons on the acyl side chain. Our study demonstrates that QS signalling is abundant in nature and that the reverse metagenomics approach is effective in accessing the diversity of LuxI/LuxR QS systems among uncultivable bacteria in the environment.
PATIENT’S SATISFACTION REGARDING GOVERNMENT HEALTH FACILITIES IN MUZAFFARABAD DISTRICT, AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The satisfaction of patients regarding health care services is an important tool for the assessment of quality of health care facilities. Vast number of studies has been conducted in developed countries for the purpose of improving healthcare delivery as well as doctor-patient relationships. However, in developing countries such as Pakistan and particularly in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, the concept of patient satisfaction is still neglected. Feedback of patient is mandatory not only for ensuring quality health care services but also for the endorsement of patients who are well aware of their rights and needs. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to assess the status of patients’ satisfaction attending public sector health care facilities in district Muzaffarabad. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 194 patients from two public sector tertiary care hospitals. Using convenient sampling technique, patients were interviewed in wards and the OPDs. After getting informed consent, interviews were carried out using a closed-ended questionnaire. RESULTS: Maximum number of patients (37%) was in the age group between 18 and 25 years. About 71% were females. Percentage of illiterate patients and patients with education less than matric was 29% each. About the cleanliness of waiting area, 43.8% patients were unsatisfied. 54% patients disagreed on waiting areas having enough sitting arrangement. Percentage of patients not satisfied with registration services was 44%. Majority of patients (66%) was satisfied with examination of doctors. Laboratory services were not adequate according to 40% of the patients. 51% patients found OPD timings inconvenient. Drugs available at pharmacy were inadequate according to 51% of the patients. Overall 47% patients were satisfied and 54% showed un-satisfaction regarding tertiary care health services in district Muzaffarabad. CONCLUSION: The study shows un-satisfaction of patients towards cleanliness and adequate sitting arrangement, pharmacy services, registration services and OPD timings and emphasizes a need for improvement in these areas of hospitals. KEYWORDS: Patient satisfaction, tertiary care hospitals, Muzaffarabad, AJ&K.
Hepatotoxicity of fast food?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the dictionary, fast food is defined as any food which may be cooked easily, and is sold by restaurants to be eaten quickly or taken away. Changes in the dietary pattern of the last decades have made fast food a relevant component of Western diets, but a diet largely based on fast food has detrimental effects on health, which have been a matter of discussion for 20 years.1 Two potential mechanisms have been suggested: (1) fast feeding does not suppress appetite, leading to increased calorie consumption; and (2) fast food is usually richer in fats and saturated fats (and thus richer in calories), as well as in other components which may cause harm to several organs, namely widespread cardiovascular disease. Both mechanisms are likely to promote obesity, but is there evidence for a direct hepatotoxicity?

The issue came to public attention in the movie Super Size Me . After consuming three meals a day in a fast-food restaurant for 1 month, Morgan Spurlock increased by nearly 10 kg, and liver enzymes peaked at 290 U/l [alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] from baseline values of 20 U/l, accompanied by increased total cholesterol, uric acid and the onset of clinical features of the metabolic syndrome. There is no doubt that elevated aminotransferase levels are a marker of hepatic dysfunction, but are they related to any specific dietary component of fast food-based diet, or simply to weight gain and obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?

In the general population, the majority of obese individuals do not have high liver enzymes. Also, in the presence of morbid obesity, more than half of individuals have liver enzymes within normal limits,2 although a significant correlation exists between the prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes and the degree of obesity. Accordingly, excess calorie intake cannot be the …
A Comparison of Efficient Designs for Choices Between Two Options

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Optimal designs for choice experiments with choice sets of size two are frequently derived under the assumption that all model parameters in a multinomial logit model are equal to zero. In this case, optimal designs for linear paired comparisons are also optimal for the choice model. It is shown that the methods for constructing linear paired comparison designs often require a considerably smaller number of choice sets when the parameters of primary interest are main effects.
Recomposition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Article Free Access Share on Recomposition: putting it all back together again Author: Rebecca E. Grinter Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 263 Shuman Boulevard, 2F-309, Naperville, IL Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 263 Shuman Boulevard, 2F-309, Naperville, ILView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCW '98: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative workNovember 1998 Pages 393–402https://doi.org/10.1145/289444.289514Online:01 November 1998Publication History 55citation658DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations55Total Downloads658Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Rates and modes of evolution in the Mollusca

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Molluscs have an excellent fossil record extending some 570 million years from the earliest Cambrian to the present and therefore may be expected to provide some of the best information about evolutionary processes that occur over long periods of time. For example, some molluscan lineages have undergone little structural (morphological) change in hundreds of millions of years, whereas others have evolved so rapidly that the events may be regarded as instantaneous in geological time. Although conservative lineages are characterised by their low diversities, the production of the gross morphological differences that lead to new higher taxa does not seem to require more than limited diversity in the ancestral group. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between the production of disparity (morphological difference) and the production of diversity (the number of lower taxa) when assessing rates of evolution. Macroevolution (the origin of new higher taxa) appears to depend largely on the production of disparity, whereas microevolution (the origin of new lower taxa) results mainly in increased diversity. Molluscs exhibit many of the features long observed in the histories of other animal groups. The highest taxa appeared early in the history of the phylum when diversity was low (seven of the eight classes had evolved by the end of the Cambrian some 500 million years ago). Secondly, the oldest representatives of higher taxa are small and there has been a continuous increase in maximum body size over the past 570 million years. Thirdly, most higher taxa appeared long before their first substantial radiations. Fourthly, most higher taxa are recognised largely by hindsight after a period of diversification has occurred. Fifthly, rates of diversification vary between different higher taxa. Sixthly, accelerated rates of evolution occur under special conditions such as geographic isolation, the development of symbiotic relationships, or the removal of competition as a result of mass extinction.
PENGUATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA MELALUI EKONOMI KREATIF BERBASIS ECOFRIENDLY DI DESA SULANGAI, PETANG, BADUNG

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The tourism industry is the driving force behind the province of Bali's economic growth. Tourism development, on the other hand, is still concentrated in southern Bali. This leads to economic inequity in Bali's province. Sulangai Village is one of the villages in Badung Regency, Bali Province, that has begun to build its economy by using ecotourism as a means of improving its people's economic situation. However, many people in Sulangai Village continue to rely only on agriculture as a source of income due to the village's limited tourism opportunities. Village development must also be backed up with a reliable source of village income. To be able to create the economy from the smallest level, namely the family, various strata of the village community must be empowered. This will be attempted to be implemented in the form of community-based science and technology service activities. The village administration of Sulangai plays an essential role since, as a result of local autonomy, the village is no longer the aim of development but the development itself. As a result, the activity's goal is to stress community empowerment by teaching the concept of a creative economy based on environmental sustainability. This activity plan will also include plans for the creation of Village-Owned Enterprises and cooperatives as a way for locals to put their empowerment into action and become a driving force in Sulangai Village's economy. Then, in order for this action to have a substantial influence, it is required to examine the Village Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMDes) and have it implemented in the following year's village revenue and spending budget.
The Relationship Between Serum Endocan Level and Aortic Elastic Properties in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endothelial dysfunction plays role in the generation of both essential hypertension (EH) and aortic stiffness. We evaluated the relationship between serum endocan level and aortic elastic properties (AEPs) assessed with the aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and aortic stiffness index by echocardiography. Newly diagnosed EH patients (n = 67) and controls (n = 70) were included in the study. The EH group was subdivided into stage 1 and 2 EH groups. A higher endocan level was found in the EH group, compared to the controls (34.2 ± 13.0 vs 24.1 ± 7.3 ng/mL, respectively, P < .001). All the AEP parameters were worse in the EH group, compared to the controls. Further, endocan levels correlated with aortic distensibility ( r = −0.305, P < .001) and aortic strain ( r = −0.181, P = .038), but not with aortic stiffness index ( r = 0.162, P = .064) in the whole study population. Aortic elastic properties deteriorate and serum endocan level increases in patients with EH. Moreover, serum endocan level shows a correlation with deteriorated AEPs, and hence may a surrogate marker of escalating aortic stiffness in patients with newly diagnosed EH.
The Burden of Overweight and its Risk Factors in Urban Nepalese School Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Adolescent’s overweight is rising in both developing and developed countries. Overweight and obese adolescents are more likely to become obese adults which stimulate the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and so on. Adolescence is the critical period for development of unhealthy lifestyles and food choices which increases the risk of NCDs. The loss of productivity, premature deaths and disability has been associated with NCDs at younger ages. This study focuses on identifying the prevalence and associated risk factors with adolescents’ overweight. Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted between August-October 2020 in Gokarneshwor municipality of Nepal. A random sample of 558 students aged 10-19 years from nine schools was included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by the study participants. Anthropometric indices were measured and categorized using BMI for age Z-score. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Variables were considered for multivariable logistic regression if a Wald test p-value was ≤0.25 during bivariate logistic regression. The odds ratio with a 95% CI was calculated and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance of variables after fitting into the multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of overweight among school adolescents was 17.9% (95% CI 14.7 to 21.1). The female adolescents were more likely to get overweight as compared to male adolescents (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.39). Similarly, the adolescents staying with more than four family members were less likely to get overweight as compared to their counterparts (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.95). There was no statistical significant association between adolescent overweight and age group, family type, school type, mothers’ occupation or fruits consumption. Conclusion: The study findings highlighted the accelerated increase in the prevalence of overweight among school adolescents in Nepal. Therefore, appropriate nutritional intervention focusing on tackling overweight should be formulated and implemented so that the prevalence of overweight-associated non-communicable diseases can be minimized.