jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of the 2015 NICE guidance for urgent assessment of patients with non-visible haematuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To assess the impact of the 2015 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance for referral of non-visible haematuria (NVH) and to compare diagnostic findings in patients referred using 2005 and 2015 guidance. Patients and method: Review of the referral details and diagnostic findings for urgent NVH referrals was assessed over a 27-month period. Referrals continued to be received under 2005 and 2015 NICE guidance during this period, and the diagnostic findings from each pathway were compared. Results: The number of urgent haematuria referrals reduced by 34% over the 27-month period. NVH referrals fell from 144 in the first quarter to 30 in the last quarter. The transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) diagnosis rate was low in patients referred using 2005 and 2015 criteria (1.7 and 1.9% respectively). No muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) was diagnosed. There was a high rate of benign urological findings. Non-adherence to referral criteria was high in the 2015 pathway (56%). Conclusion: The reduction in NVH referrals following introduction of 2015 NICE guidance could allow resource re-allocation. Low adherence to referral criteria should be investigated. The absence of MIBC and low rate of TCC diagnosis is reassuring and consideration should be given to investigating NVH patients semi-urgently. Level of evidence: 2C
Improving oral chemotherapy adverse event reporting: Listening to pediatric oncology patients and parents.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

45 Background: Medication-related adverse events and near misses are underreported, particularly in the ambulatory setting. Our aim was to assess pediatric oncology parent and patient-reported oral chemotherapy errors and near misses. Methods: A survey of parent and patient-reported oral chemotherapy errors and near misses over the past month was developed and validated in a subgroup and administered to parents/patients at an academic pediatric hematology-oncology clinic. Parents and patients were included if the patient received any commercially available oral chemotherapy agent within the past month, dispensed by an onsite retail pharmacy, and agreed to participate. Results: Forty-eight of 69 parents and 11 of 17 patients responded (ten from the same household). Fifteen of 59 respondents (25%) reported at least one event, miss, or error (twelve (25%) parents and three (27%) patients). Of five events described by parents and patients of the same household, one was co-reported. Of the errors that occurred in the home, the most common were missed (n=5, 8%) and late (n=3, 5%) doses. Forty-six percent of respondents did not report events to the medical team. Two respondents perceived minor harm as a result of the event. Conclusions: Patients and parents are willing to share information about oral chemotherapy-related adverse events and near misses. Twenty-five percent of respondents noted an oral chemotherapy event, near miss, or error over the preceding month. Importantly, many of these events were unreported to care teams. Missed doses were the most common safety event, and interventions should target this need.[Table: see text]
Translational Control of MHC Class II I-A Molecules by IFN-γ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract MHC class II molecules are expressed in a limited number of cell types, including B lymphocytes and macrophages (Mφ). IFN-γ increases the surface expression of class II molecules in a murine B cell line without inducing detectable changes in either I-A or I-A mRNA levels. In bone marrow-derived Mφ, IFN-γ causes an increase in class II expression at both the mRNA and surface levels. In addition to the increase in transcription rates described for Mφ, IFN-γ increases the rate of synthesis of IAα and IAβ proteins and the ribosome loading for both mRNA molecules in both cell types. Interestingly, there is a significant peak of free I-A mRNA in noninduced cells. Therefore, IFN-γ regulates the expression of MHC class II molecules at the translational level in both B cells and Mφ and, as already reported, at the transcriptional level only in Mφ. The actual mechanism of regulation causes changes in the translation initiation rates in both cell types, as demonstrated by an increase in ribosome loading in polysome gradients.
English Language Education to Pupils with General Intellectual Giftedness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The topic of English language education for pupils with general intellectual giftedness is rare in worldwide research areas. Even though research into English language education receives great attention and similarly does gifted education, the connection is not very common. The aim of this research study is to investigate the state of, and current challenges to, English language teaching in gifted education. Multiple methods (participant observation, interview and survey) were used under the «umbrella» of the case study with the aim to achieve an in-depth understanding of the case. Research findings reflect which principles, teaching techniques, types of activities and materials are used, what English teachers' positions concerning their qualifications, experiences, beliefs and problems are, and what learning strategies gifted learners use when learning a foreign language.
Resilient and Timely Event Dissemination in Publish/Subscribe Middleware

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently we have witnessed an increasing demand of fault-tolerant communications in publish/subscribe middleware. Although several reliable solutions have been proposed, none of them address the problem of achieving resilient and timely event dissemination. We investigate how guaranteeing assured message dissemination despite occurrence of network faults without breaking temporal constraints. The contribution of this article is on devising a FEC approach where encoding functionality is placed at the root and on a subset of interior nodes in the multicast tree. Simulations-based experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach allows all the interested subscribers to receive all the published messages and the adopted resiliency mean does not affect the performance of the multicast protocol.
Application of a clustering technique in identifying the &#x201C;best&#x201D; System of Systems (SoS) during development

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a new approach for decision making during development of a complex System of Systems (SoS) where evaluating a large number of alternatives is impractical due to resource/time limitations. We utilize a clustering technique that may greatly simplify the process of selecting the "best" SoS configuration considering multiple attributes such as capability cost, development time and systems priority. A new measure of priority is introduced in this work. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through a realistic case of a search-and-rescue operation, where the number of possible SoS candidates is larger than 1000. This approach provides beneficial support for decision makers during the pre-planning phase of SoS development.
Monitoring and alerting system for home-alone elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This report presents the design of a fall prevention system for the elderly using an Electromyography (EMG) based muscle sensor. The muscle sensor communicates with the microcontroller (Raspberry Pi) and Python programs are run to record and assess the elderly walking muscle strength. This information is used to give feedback to the elderly and send alerts to caregivers when muscle fatigue is detected. Two prototypes were discussed in this paper, one using a wired muscle sensor and another an improvement over the first, a wireless prototype using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) technology. In this study, experiments were also conducted to verify the relationship between a chosen flexing muscle test and walking muscle strength of the elderly. Two muscle groups were targeted in this report namely the biceps and tibialis anterior. In general, it supports a positive correlation allowing for the projection of walking muscle strength. The result suggests that the prototype can be used as an accurate assessment of the walking muscle strength of the elderly.
Operationalizing a Data to Care Strategy in Michigan Through Cross-Agency Collaborations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: For persons with HIV infection (PWH), viral load suppression is essential to maintaining health and reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission. Data to Care (D2C) is an important strategy for improving HIV outcomes but may be resource-intensive to execute. Setting: In 2016, Michigan joined the HIV Health Improvement Affinity Group to strengthen D2C partnerships between its Medicaid and HIV program. Goals included establishing routine data sharing, matching data sources to understand health outcomes, and collaborating to turn data into action. Methods: Michigan established data use agreements to assess gaps in care for PWH enrolled in Medicaid. The HIV Surveillance Program used Link Plus to match surveillance records on PWH to Medicaid's active beneficiary file to identify PWH who were beneficiaries as of December 31, 2015. Results: Matching the 2,300,877 Michigan Medicaid beneficiaries with the 15,845 PWH in HIV surveillance yielded 4822 matched PWH enrolled in Medicaid in 2015. Of Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV, 597 had no evidence of receiving HIV care, representing 20% of all Michigan residents with HIV and not in care in 2015. Conclusion: D2C is an effective strategy for improving HIV care continuum outcomes but can be relatively inefficient if implementation models rely solely on public health infrastructure. Through the HIV Health Improvement Affinity Group, Michigan's Medicaid and HIV programs leveraged their combined data assets to evaluate and improve care quality and outcomes for PWH on Medicaid. Partnerships between Medicaid and public health offer attractive mechanisms for potentially increasing efficiency and effectiveness of D2C investments.
From Individuals to Populations, Approaches to the Study of Biological Emergent Phenomena

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An assorted range of approaches have contributed to our understanding of the oscillatory behavior of population sizes in predation models. Among these are Mathematical Biology, Statistics and Artificial Life (ALife). In this paper, I will give a review of these different approaches. In addition, another approach, based on Evolutionary Game Theory, is proposed and discussed. This paper also suggests that a complementary study of both the Mathematical, Artificial Life and Game Theory approach is needed to explain some of the mysticism surrounding the global emergent behavior of local predator-prey relationships.
Ion chemistry for the detection of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds in ambient air

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and a flowing afterglow apparatus were used to study reactions of benzene cations (C 6 H 6 + and (C 6 H 6 ) 2 + ) with a series of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Both cations react at the collision rate with compounds of lower ionization potential than benzene, such as isoprene (C 5 H 8 ), other conjugated dienes, and aromatics. These ions are generally unreactive with substances of higher ionization potential such as alkanes, simple alcohols, simple carbonyls, etc. The results demonstrate that C 6 H 6 + and (C 6 H 6 ) 2 + are excellent reagent ions for the sensitive detection of isoprene in air with a CIMS. However, 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol (MBO) and C 5 H 8 conjugated dienes were identified as potential interferences to this technique. This indicates that the selectivity of the CIMS isoprene measurement must be tested by intercomparison with well‐established methods, e.g. gas chromatography techniques.
Tamarix aphylla L.: A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tamarix aphylla is one of those species which belong the Tamaricaceae family which is natively found in Asia, North Africa and Southeastern Europe. There are many uses in the traditional medicine in many countries. The phytochemical profile of Leaves presents Steroids, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Cardiac glycosides, polyphenols, amino acids, protein, carbohydrates, essential oil, while the Stem bark contains Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Saponin, Cumarins, Tannins, Triterpenes, Alkaloids, the another parts of plant (Flowers) contains Rhamnocitrin, cyanidin 3-O-glycoside, cyanidin, delphinidin glycosides, kaempferol, quercetin, methylated flavonols, rhamnazin, rhamnetin, rhamnocitrin, kaempferide, tamarixetin, kaempferol 7,4′-dimethyl ether and dillenetin, Flavonols. The Pharmacological and Biological Activities of the all plant parts are Antifungal, Antimicrobial , Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antihyperglycemic effect.
Chromatographic parameters, pKa, and surface activity of a series of hydrochlorides of perhydroazepinylethyl esters of alkoxyphenylcarbamic acids and their relation to anaesthetic activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hydrochlorides of perhydroazepinylethyl esters of alkoxyphenylcarbamic acids were separated by adsorption and partition TLC. The surface tensions, γ, of aqueous solutions of the compounds were measured and the values of p K a were determined. The relation between structure and physico-chemical properties has been confirmed by the dependences of R M and γ on the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxyl chain. Employing the method of regression analysis, the physico-chemical parameters of lipophilicity and the surface activity were correlated, and their effect on biological activity (relative local anaesthetic efficacy) has been assessed.
Uniqueness in inverse elastic scattering from unbounded rigid surfaces of rectangular type

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider the two-dimensional inverse elastic scattering problem of recovering a piecewise linear rigid rough or periodic surface of rectangular type for which the neighboring line segments are always perpendicular.We prove the global uniqueness with at most two incident elastic plane waves by using near-field data. If the Lamé constants satisfy a certain condition, then the data of a single plane wave is sufficient to imply the uniqueness. Our proof is based on a transcendental equation for the Navier equation, which is derived from the expansion of analytic solutions to the Helmholtz equation. The uniqueness results apply also to an inverse scattering problem for non-convex bounded rigid bodies of rectangular type.
Effect of Extract of Fermented Dropwort on Intestinal Bacteria and Enzymes In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effect of extract of fermented dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera) on growth of intestinal harmful/useful bacteria and enzyme activity were investigated in vitro. The extract showed strong inhibition on harmful microbes including Vibrio and Salmonella, but mild inhibition on Bifidobacterium longum in both agar plate and liquid cultivation. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of B. longum was the highest among tested microbes. Inhibition effect of fermented extract on harmful microbes increased according to fermentation period. Extract of fermented dropwort showed inhibitory effects on activity of microbial -glucuronidase and tryptophanase. The inhibitory effects were also proportional to fermentation period. As consequence, it is assumed that the uptake of fermented dropwort might be useful for human intestinal health.
Restoration of Sensation to an Insensate Hallux-to-Thumb Transfer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reconstruction of the thumb with microsurgical transfer of the big toe is now an accepted approach. The expected outcome of such a procedure is a functioning digit, one that not only looks like a thumb, but moves like a thumb and transmits sensory information from the environment to the brain through its recovered sensibility. While the microsurgeon is well-versed in “take backs” to salvage vascular problems after such a complex reconstruction, there is nothing reported in the literature regarding salvage of the insensate hallux-to-thumb transfer.
Ku80 interaction with apurinic/apyrimidinic sites depends on the structure of DNA ends

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aim. The identification of a protein from human cell extract which specifically interacts with the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site in the partial DNA duplex containing 5'and 3'-dangling ends (DDE-AP DNA) and mimicking clustered DNA damage. Methods. The Schiff base-dependent cross-linking of a protein to AP DNA (borohydride trapping), MALDI-TOF-MS, chromatography, and gel electrophoresis. Results. A human cell extract protein which forms a major covalent adduct with the AP DNA duplex with dangling ends was identified as the Ku80 subunit of Ku antigen by peptide mass mapping based on MALDI-TOF-MS data. The Ku antigen purified from the HeLa cell extract was shown to form the covalent adducts with the same mobility as observed in cell extracts. Conclusions. The Ku80 subunit of Ku antigen can specifically interact with AP DNA forming the Schiff base-mediated adducts which electrophoretic mobility depends on the structure of DNA ends. The difference in electrophoretic mobility can be caused by the cross-linking of AP DNA to distinct target amino acids that appears to reflect unequal positioning of AP DNAs in the complex with Ku antigen.
Comments on: Conservative Surgical Treatment of a Case of Placenta Accreta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Placenta accreta describes pathological adherence or invasion of the placenta to the myometrium. It may be a consequence of any procedure affecting the integrity of the uterine lining.[1] The incidence is rising due to increase in the rate of cesarean delivery, which is the major risk factor. Published guidelines[2] [3] [4] recommend delivery with planned cesarean hysterectomy and placenta left in situ, while application of conservative management must be individualized according to the patient's desire for future fertility.
The ecologist's role in development for tourism: a case study in the Caribbean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The ecologist's role in development for tourism: a case study in the Caribbean Get access F. B. GOLDSMITH F. B. GOLDSMITH 1Conservation Course, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 5, Issue 3, September 1973, Pages 265–287, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1973.tb00706.x Published: 14 January 2008
Effect of betaine on growth performance,carcass and serum traits of growing-finishing pigs.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of betaine on growth performance,carcass and serum traits in pigs from 28～96 kg body weight.18 crossbred pigs were fed a fortified,corn-soybean meal basal diet(17 0% crude protein from 28～60kg,15% crude protein from 60～96 kg;digestible energy 13 30 MJ/kg) supplemented with 0,1000 mg/kg betaine.During the growing phase,addition of betaine tended to improve daily gain and feed conversion efficiency,but did not affect serum biochemical traits (Ca,Mg,K,Na,Cl,urea nitrogen concentrations)significantly.During the finishing period ,addition of betaine tended to decrease daily gain and feed conversion efficiency;however,serum Cl decreased(P0 05) and Ca increased(P0 05) with supplementation ofbetaine.As for the entire growing-finishing period,addition of betaine did not affect growth performance of pigs.although there was no significant difference in the carcass characteristics of finishing pigs,addition of betaineincreased dressing percentage(P0 05) and tended to decrease fat percentage and increase lean percentage.These results suggest that betaine supplementation throughout the entire growing -finishing phase has no significant effectson growth performance,however carcass characteristics of pigs may be improved.
Osteocyte-osteoclast morphological relationships and the putative role of osteocytes in bone remodeling.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An osteocyte lacunae differential count under the light microscope (LM) (1-lacunae with live osteocytes, 2-empty lacunae and lacunae with degenerating osteocytes) was carried out outside the reversal lines of osteonic lamellar bone from various mammals and man to evaluate the possibility of osteocyte survival where osteoclast resorption had occurred. The polarized light microscope (PLM) was used to establish the curvature of bony lamellae outside the convexity of reversal lines: concave lamellae indicate osteocytes reabsorbed on their vascular side where they radiate long vascular dendrites; convex lamellae indicate bone resorption on the osteocyte mineral side, radiating short dendrites. In all samples it was found that: a) about 60% of osteocytes outside the reversal lines were live; b) the percentage of alive osteocytes close to reversal lines is higher when they are attacked on their mineral side. The present data support our view that surviving osteocytes, particularly those attacked from their mineral side, might intervene in the final phase of bone resorption (osteoclast inhibition?). The fact that under the transmission electron microscope (TEM) intercellular contacts were never observed between osteocytes and osteoclasts indicates that if a modulation should occur between these two cellular types it could take place by a paracrine route only. The putative role of the cells of the osteogenic system, particularly osteocytes, in the bone remodeling cycle is also discussed.
<title>Modeling and simulation of friction</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two new models for 'slip-stick' friction are presented. One, called the 'bristle model,' is an approximation designed to capture the physical phenomenon of sticking. This model is relatively inefficient numerically. The other model, called the 'reset integrator model,' does not capture the details for the sticking phenomenon, but is numerically efficient and exhibits behavior similar to the model proposed by Karnopp in 1985. All three of these models and the Dahl model are preferable to the classical model which poorly represents the friction force at zero velocity. Simulation experiments show that the Karnopp model, the Dahl model, and the new models give similar results in two examples. In a closed-loop example, the classical model predicts a limit cycle which is not observed in the laboratory. The Karnopp model, the Dahl model, and the new models, on the other hand, agree with the experimental observation.