jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of the Serratus Anterior Muscle Flap for Postoperative Empyema - A Single Center Experience with 25 Consecutive Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the possibilities and the results of using the serratus anterior muscle flap during reoperations in patients with a complicated course after major general thoracic procedures. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 25 consecutive patients operated in a single center between 01.01.2002-01.01.2012, in whom we used the serratus anterior muscle flap during complex thoracomyoplasty procedures for postoperative empyema. In all cases the serratus anterior was mobilized keeping both the thoraco-dorsal branch and the lateral thoracic vessels intact. The following parameters were followed: mortality rate, morbidity rate, hospitalization, viability of the flap and the functional status of the patients at 3 months after surgery. Results: We encountered one postoperative death (4%) and one recurrence of the intrathoracic suppuration (4%). Intensive care unit hospitalization ranged between 1-9 days, with a median of 2 days. Overall postoperative hospitalization ranged between 8-87, with a median of 34 days. We have encountered no post
Cytotoxicity of Aspergillus Section Fumigati Isolated from Health Care Environments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study analyzed 57 Aspergillus section Fumigati (AF) isolates collected by active and passive sampling (N = 450) in several health care facilities and from biological sampling of health care workers (N = 25) and controls (N = 22) in Portugal. All isolates were cultured in different media and screened for azole resistance. Cytotoxicity was assessed for 40 isolates in lung epithelial cells and kidney cells using the MTT assay. Aspergillus section Fumigati was prevalent in the health care facilities and in nasal swabs from health care workers and controls. All AF isolates reduced cell viability and presented medium to high cytotoxicity, with cytotoxicity being significantly higher in A549 lung epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of isolates from air and nasal swab samples suggested the inhalation route as a risk factor. Notably, 42% of AF isolates exhibited a pattern of reduced susceptibility to some of the most used antifungals available for the treatment of patients infected with these fungi. In sum, the epidemiology and clinical relevance of Aspergillus section Fumigati should continue to be addressed. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying Aspergillus-mediated cytotoxicity is necessary.
AgEncID: Aggregate Encryption Individual Decryption of Key for FPGA Bitstream IP Cores in Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing platforms are progressively adopting Field Programmable Gate Arrays to deploy specialized hardware accelerators for specific computational tasks. However, the security of FPGA-based bitstream for Intellectual Property, IP cores from unauthorized interception in cloud environments remains a prominent concern. Existing methodologies for protection of such bitstreams possess several limitations, such as requiring a large number of keys, tying bitstreams to specific FPGAs, and relying on trusted third parties. This paper proposes Aggregate Encryption and Individual Decryption, a cryptosystem based on key aggregation to enhance the security of FPGA-based bitstream for IP cores and to address the pitfalls of previous related works. In our proposed scheme, IP providers can encrypt their bitstreams with a single key for a set S of FPGA boards, with which the bitstreams can directly be decrypted on any of the FPGA boards in S. Aggregate encryption of the key is performed in a way which ensures that the key can solely be obtained onboard through individual decryption employing the board's private key, thus facilitating secure key provisioning. The proposed cryptosystem is evaluated mainly on Zynq FPGAs. The outcomes demonstrate that our cryptosystem not only outperforms existing techniques with respect to resource, time and energy significantly but also upholds robust security assurances.
The Characteristic of Black Bakau Fruit as Extract of Antioxidant Source

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Rhizophora mucronata is the dominant species plant in Mangrove forests of Kwandang,<br />North Gorontalo. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of fruit<br />and evaluate antioxidant activity including toxicity and bioactive compound of bakau<br />extract . The morphometric value of the fruit has average length 66,75±3,64 cm and weight<br />110,40±10,84 g. The content of ash, protein, and fat were 98±0,03%, 1,75±0,19 %, and<br />1,69±0,36 %, respectively; and the amounts of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fibers<br />were 6,75±1,08, 74,42±1,87, and 81,49±2,40 g/100 g, respectively. The boiling process of<br />bakau fruit until 30 minutes showed the best activity of toxicity and radical scavenging.<br />The potency of bakau fruit as antioxidant related to the bioactive compounds of its such as<br />flavonoid, hidroquinon, triterpenoid, tanin, and saponin.<br />Keywords: Dietary fiber, Mangrove, morphometric, toxicity</p>
Data from: Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence-related seed traits drive plant recruitment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recruitment of new individuals from seed is a critical component of plant community assembly and reassembly, especially in the context of ecosystem disturbance and recovery. While frameworks typically aim to predict how communities will be filtered on the basis of traits influencing established plant responses to the environment, assembly from seed is more complex: the responses of seeds (affected by dormancy and germination function) and establishing plants (affected by root and leaf function) can both influence outcomes within a single growing season. This creates a potential role for a more diverse set seed and seedling traits, and for environmental variability on shorter timescales (e.g., seasonal versus annual dynamics), than are typically considered. We followed thousands of individual seeds comprising eleven herbaceous grassland species through the first growing season, seeking to uncover critical environmental (precipitation amount and timing) and trait-based filters on seedling emergence and survival in assembling communities. We saw the biggest recruitment limitation when seeds failed to emerge, driven independently by a dry spring and interspecific variation in seed mass (positive effect) and seed dormancy (negative effect). Seedling survival rates were higher than emergence, with weaker predictive roles for traits like seedling root mass allocation (positive effect) and seed mass (positive under spring drought), and lesser impacts of summer rainfall on soil moisture and survival. Interestingly, most trait relationships were not conditional on rainfall, suggesting water-independent mechanisms of their respective advantages. Although recruitment is a complex process, our findings suggest that trait-based assembly frameworks can be a useful way to anticipate outcomes, particularly if dynamic early-stage conditions (e.g., spring rainfall) and attributes (e.g., seed dormancy) receive greater attention. Given the importance of recruitment for community turnover in the context of global change and land management efforts, this is an area ripe for continued expansion in trait-based and applied ecology.
Ketamine-induced Neuroapoptosis in the Fetal and Neonatal Rhesus Macaque Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Exposure of rhesus macaque fetuses for 24 h or neonates for 9 h to ketamine anesthesia causes neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. The current study clarifies the minimum exposure required for and the extent and spatial distribution of ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in rhesus fetuses and neonates. Method Ketamine was administered by IV infusion for 5 h to postnatal day 6 rhesus neonates or to pregnant rhesus females at 120 days' gestation (full term = 165 days). Three hours later, fetuses were delivered by cesarean section, and the fetal and neonatal brains were studied for evidence of apoptotic neurodegeneration, as determined by activated caspase-3 staining. Results Both the fetal (n = 3) and neonatal (n = 4) ketamine-exposed brains had a significant increase in apoptotic profiles compared with drug-naive controls (fetal n = 4; neonatal n = 5). Loss of neurons attributable to ketamine exposure was 2.2 times greater in fetuses than in neonates. The pattern of neurodegeneration in fetuses was different from that in neonates, and all subjects exposed at either age had a pattern characteristic for that age. Conclusion The developing rhesus macaque brain is sensitive to the apoptogenic action of ketamine at both a fetal and neonatal age, and exposure duration of 5 h is sufficient to induce a significant neuroapoptosis response at either age. The pattern of neurodegeneration induced by ketamine in fetuses was different from that in neonates, and loss of neurons attributable to ketamine exposure was 2.2 times greater in the fetal than neonatal brains.
Parallel Architecture Hardware and General Purpose Operating System Co-design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Because most optimisations to achieve higher computational performance eventually are limited, parallelism that scales is required. Parallelised hardware alone is not sufficient, but software that matches the architecture is required to gain best performance. For decades now, hardware design has been guided by the basic design of existing software, to avoid the higher cost to redesign the latter. In doing so, however, quite a variety of superior concepts is excluded a priori. Consequently, co-design of both hardware and software is crucial where highest performance is the goal. For special purpose application, this co-design is common practice. For general purpose application, however, a precondition for usability of a computer system is an operating system which is both comprehensive and dynamic. As no such operating system has ever been designed, a sketch for a comprehensive dynamic operating system is presented, based on a straightforward hardware architecture to demonstrate how design decisions regarding software and hardware do coexist and harmonise.
Wavelength demultiplexer in multimode fiber that uses optimized holographic optical elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A single-transmission holographic optical element capable of broadband five-channel demultiplexing in multimode fiber is described. A holographic optical element demultiplexer combines a hologram on dichromated gelatin with a computer-generated hologram. A design of the demultiplexer with a nonspherical wave front based on ray tracing and the optimization technique perfectly permits five cross-talk isolations by reducing the aberrations of multiple focused spots caused by a recording-readout wavelength shift. Such a system has a channel separation of 300 µm (20 nm in wavelength difference) between adjacent fibers in an operating laser diode wavelength region of 0.8-0.88 µm. Experiments demonstrating the feasibility of this demultiplexer with a 780-nm laser diode source are presented.
African conceptions of communication competence in the South African context: a motivation for future research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

SUMMARY Intercultural scholars have paid scant attention to Africa. Recent events in South Africa have opened up the country internationally, but have also highlighted the lack of literature on competence in this cultural context. A review of literature reveals a need for emic studies on competence, and an account is given of attempts to formulate competence from an Asian perspective. Providing an outline of African worldview(s), the article suggests empirical research should explore conceptions of competence influenced by this worldview.
Assessment of Accuracy of Continuous Noninvasive versus Invasive Method of Hemoglobin Estimation in Patients Undergoing Pituitary Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Determination of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by standard methods is time consuming, invasive, and intermittent. Noninvasive (NI) methods of Hb estimation are less time consuming, and reduce the risk of infection, number of required working personnel, and long-term costs. In this study, we aimed to find the accuracy of Hb values at various time points using noninvasive (NI) Hb monitoring and standard invasive techniques such as laboratory (LabHb) and arterial blood gas (ABG). Methods All American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical grade I and II adult patients between 18 and 65 years of either gender undergoing pituitary surgery under general anesthesia were included over a period of 1 year. Samples were collected for Hb estimation from the arterial line (aHb) using ABG analyzer machine and LabHb using automated Hb analyzer. Simultaneously, Hb reading from the NI Hb monitor was recorded using Masimo Spot Hemoglobin Check Device. Bland–Altman plot was used to find out agreement between Hb values drawn from three different techniques. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 30 patients participated in the study. The male to female ratio was 13:17. Statistical analysis showed poor correlation between the invasive and NI methods of Hb estimation. Conclusion NI method of Hb estimation may be successfully used in clinical practice, replacing estimation from ABG analysis or laboratory tests. However, NI method cannot replace the invasive methods of Hb estimation.
Heating Performance of a Ground Source Multi-Heat Pump for a Greenhouse

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Good plant-growth conditions can be achieved by means of using greenhouses. One of the main issues in greenhouse cultivation is energy savings through the development of high efficient heating and cooling system. GSHPs are one of the recommended systems to cope with this pending need. The aim of this study is to investigate the heating performance of ground source multi-heat pump system installed in a greenhouse under part load conditions. Daily average heating COP of the heat pump unit was very high by at least 7.4, because of relatively large condenser, evaporator, and mass flow rate through ground loop heat exchanger. However, the system COP, overall heating coefficient of the performance of the system with heat pump unit and GLHX, decreased drastically due to relatively large power consumption of circulating pump under part load condition. It is suggested that the technology to enhance the performance of the ground source multi-heat pump system for a greenhouse under part load conditions should be developed.
Research and Verification Analysis on Early Warning Model through Support Vector Machine Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Financial crisis early-warning model has always been the research focus of domestic and foreign scholars. Based on the review of related research at home and abroad, by using the support vector machine (SVM) method, taking the return on equity, turnover of accounts receivable, quick ratio, profitability cash ratio, high and new technology product and service revenue growth rate were used as input variables, and defining the "default" as the output variable, a financial crisis early-warning model of Chinese listed companies was established. Later, using the data of 75 non-listed listed companies for empirical analysis, the accuracy of 98% of training samples and 9% of verification samples were obtained, with a relatively high prediction accuracy, which proved the effectiveness of the SVM method in the financial crisis early-warning modeling of listed companies.
sj-pdf-1-dos-10.1177_15593258221108280 – Supplemental Material for In-silico Studies Calculated a New Chitin Oligomer Binding Site Inside Vicilin: A Potent Antifungal and Insecticidal Agent

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-dos-10.1177_15593258221108280 for In-silico Studies Calculated a New Chitin Oligomer Binding Site Inside Vicilin: A Potent Antifungal and Insecticidal Agent by Ahsan Saeed, Zahra Rafiq, Muhammad Imran, Qamar Saeed, Muhammad Q. Saeed, Zahid Ali, Rana K. Iqbal, Saber Hussain, Binish Khaliq, Sohaib Mehmood and Ahmed Akrem in Dose-Response
Internal whistleblowing intentions by internal auditors: A prosocial behaviour perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Despite extensive research having been undertaken on the issue of whistleblowing globally, empirical study in this area is still scarce in Malaysia. This paper examines internal whistleblowing intentions among internal auditors in Malaysian organisational settings. Although, internal auditors hold a unique position in their organisations to prevent, deter and detect corporate wrongdoings, the role of this profession in investigating their ethical decision-making behaviour towards internal whistleblowing has been much neglected. A mail survey was conducted to investigate a variety of demographic, organisational and situational factors that could influence the internal auditors’ ethical decision-making process. Results are generally consistent with predictions based on a model of whistleblowing as a type of prosocial behaviour. The findings confirm those from previous studies, suggesting that organisational members have different reactions to different types of wrongdoings. Implications of the findings on Malaysian organisations for research and practice are discussed.
Models for evaluating the regional carbon emissions performance under the background of urban industrial agglomerations with hesitant fuzzy linguistic information

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem based on the induced OWA (IOWA) operator with hesitant fuzzy linguistic information. Then, motivated by the ideal of induced OWA (IOWA) operator and Einstein operations, we have developed the induced hesitant fuzzy linguistic Einstein ordered weighted average (IHFLEOWA) operator. Then, we have utilized induced hesitant fuzzy linguistic Einstein ordered weighted average (IHFLEOWA) operator to develop an approach to solve the multiple attribute decision making problems for evaluating the regional carbon emissions performance under the background of urban industrial agglomerations. Finally, a practical example for evaluating the regional carbon emissions performance under the background of urban industrial agglomerations is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Evolution des Teneurs en Acides Chlorogénique et “Isochlorogénique’ au Cours du Traitement de Vernalisation des Racines de Cichorium intybus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In a cold‐requiring variety of endive (chicory, Cichorium intybus L. ev. Witloof) we could demonstrate a relationship between the variations in the content of chlorogenic acid during the cold treatment of the roots and their disposition to produce flowers in vitro . An increase in the level of chlorogenic acid in the roots preceded the development of their aptitude to form flower buds. In addition, the three main forms of “isochlorogenic’ acid are present in the roots of this cultivar: 3,5‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid, 3,4‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid, and traces of 4,5‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid. The variations in the levels of chlorogenic and “isochlorogenic’ acids indicate that part of the chlorogenic acid (3‐caffeoyl‐quinic acid) is converted to 3,5‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid.
doi:10.5194/amt-8-3087-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The Ice Selective Inlet: a novel technique for exclusive extraction of pristine ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Climate predictions are affected by high uncer-tainties partially due to an insufficient knowledge of aerosol– cloud interactions. One of the poorly understood processes is formation of mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) via heterogeneous ice nucleation. Field measurements of the atmospheric ice phase in MPCs are challenging due to the presence of much more numerous liquid droplets. The Ice Selective Inlet (ISI), presented in this paper, is a novel inlet designed to selec-tively sample pristine ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds and extract the ice residual particles contained within the crystals for physical and chemical characterization. Using a modular setup composed of a cyclone impactor, droplet evaporation unit and pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), the ISI segregates particles based on their inertia and phase, ex-clusively extracting small ice particles between 5 and 20 µm
Formal Verification of Infinite State Systems Using Boolean Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The UCLID project seeks to develop formal verification tools for infinite-state systems having a degree of automation comparable to that of model checking tools for finite-state systems. The UCLID modeling language describes systems where the state variables are Booleans, integers, and functions mapping integers to integers or Booleans. The verifier supports several forms of verification for proving safety properties. They rely on a decision procedure that translates a quantifier-free formula into an equi-satisfiable Boolean formula and then applies a Boolean satisfiability solver. UCLID has successfully verified a number of hardware designs and protocols
Why ethical consumers buy products from unethical companies: consumers’ ambivalent responses towards fashion companies’ unethical activities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of consumers’ moral preferences between moral and economic benefits and consumers’ moral and rational behaviour intentions based on moral decision-making models of previous studies. Design/methodology/approach Respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire measuring moral and economic benefits, consumers’ moral preferences and moral and rational behaviour intention after reading a stimulus describing imaginary fashion brand A’s unethical activities. Findings Moral and economic benefits directly and significantly affect moral and rational behaviour intention. Homo economicus evoked by an economic benefit had a negative effect on moral behaviour intention. Research limitations/implications This study focused only on a moral benefit and an economic benefit as factors evoking consumers’ moral preferences. This study was also conducted only in a Korean context and considered a specific industry. In future research, the results of this study should be extended to design the “possibility of punishment” to encourage moral behaviour by discouraging the effect of homo economicus. The results have implications for companies such as social enterprises and charities that want to promote consumers’ moral behaviour. Originality/value This study provides evidence on why ethical consumers do not always make ethical decisions by confirming that homo economicus has a significant influence on not only rational behaviour intention but also moral behaviour intention.
New Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Containing Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octane Unit

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have designed and synthesized a new series of liquid crystalline compounds with hybridized three-ring system based on bicyclo[2.2.2]octane unit together with fluorine substituted phenyl and biphenyl fragments. The key stages of the synthesis are alkylation of substituted benzene in concentrated sulfuric acid by bicyclo[2.2.2]octanoles and further cross-coupling between 3,4-difluorophenylboronic acid and the alkylation product. The influence of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane unit position in mesogenic core and fluorine substituents onto a phase transitions of the liquid crystals is discussed.