jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
E-Government Adoption and Acceptance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite increased research interest on e-government, the field currently lacks sound theoretical frameworks that can be useful in addressing two key issues concerning the implementation of e-government systems: (1) a better understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of e-government systems, and (2) the integration of various e-government applications. The objective of this paper is to provide a foundation towards the development of a theoretical framework for the implementation of e-government systems via extensive literature review, which resulted in (1) a synthesis of existing empirical findings and theoretical perspectives related to e-government adoption, and (2) development of the premises of a conceptual model that would reflect the multi-level and multi-dimensional nature of e-government systems’ acceptance.
Effect of Sprinkler Irrigation on Bacterial Soft Rot and Yield of Broccoli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of amount of applied water under two irrigation frequencies (once versus three times per week) on the incidence of bacterial soft rot, caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and yield of broccoli was investigated in field studies conducted in 1987 and 1988. At head initiation, the amount of applied water was varied by utilizing a line source irrigation system. Incidence of soft rot was higher in the OSU breeding line 86-3 plots, followed by cv. Citation and then cv. Gem. Soft rot was not consistently affected by amount of applied water. Differences in amount of disease were apparent, however, between the separate irrigation frequency studies in 1988; disease incidence more than doubled under the high- compared with the low-frequency irrigation. Further studies on the effects of frequency and timing of sprinkler irrigation on soft rot and yield of Gem broccoli were undertaken in 1993 and 1994. Six sprinkler irrigation regimes, a factorial combination of frequency (irrigation every 2, 4, or 8 days) and timing (morning or evening), were established. Total water applied did not differ by treatment. Incidence of soft rot was negligible at the first harvest in both years. At the last harvest, the incidence of soft rot was significantly reduced, from 22 to 10% in 1993 and from 30 to 15% in 1994, by the change in frequency of irrigation from 2 to 8 days. In contrast, timing of irrigation had no effect on disease incidence. Yield of broccoli was not affected by either frequency or timing of irrigation.
Full Counting Statistics of Superconductor--Normal-Metal Heterostructures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The article develops a powerful theoretical tool to obtain the full counting statistics. By a slight extension of the standard Keldysh method we can access immediately all correlation functions of the current operator. Embedded in a quantum generalization of the circuit theory of electronic transport, we are able to study the full counting statistics of a large class of two-terminal contacts and multi-terminal structures, containing superconductors and normal metals as elements. The practical use of the method is demonstrated in many examples.
Purification and characterization of α-glucosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

α -glucosidase (EC: 3.2.1.20) was isolated and purified from Penicillium chrysogenum Thom ATCC 10106 by ammonium sulphate precipitation (75%), DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. The specific activity was 140 units (U) mg -1 protein. The enzyme expressed a single band using SDS-PAGE and the molecular weight of the enzyme was nearly 43KDa. The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and 40oC. The activation energy was 17.94 k J mol -1 . The optimal incubation time was 40 min. Glutamine, glutamic acid, cysteine, alanine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, asparagine enhanced the enzyme activity and cysteine was the best enhancer. However, cystine and arginine inhibited α -glucosidase activity. The V max values were 48 and 38.1 U mg -1 protein with and without of cysteine, respectively. However, K m values were 0.21 and 0.25 mM in absence and presence of cysteine, respectively.
Poetics of place in early Tamil literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this dissertation, I discuss some representations of place in early ( ca. 100 CE - 300 CE) Tamil poetry collectively called cankam literature. While previous research has emphasized the importance of place as landscape imagery in these poems, it has seldom gone beyond treating landscape / place as symbolic of human emotionality. I argue that this approach does not address the variety in the representation of place seen in this literature. To address this theoretical deficiency, I study place in cankam poetry as having definite ontological value and something which is immediately cognized by the senses of human perception. Drawing from a range of texts, I will argue that in these poems, the experience of place emerges in a dialogic between the human self and place - a dialogic which brings together sensory experience, perception, memory, and various socio-cultural patterns; place, in these poems, is not as much an objective geographical entity as it is the process of perception itself.
Prognostic Role of Histological Necrosis for Nonmetastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Correlation With Pathological Features and Molecular Markers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on our results we cannot support histological necrosis and its extent as prognostic factors for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Efforts should be made to develop nomograms that use routinely available and objective predictor variables. The precise mechanism that causes tumor necrosis remains unknown but the host immune response might significantly contribute to its development.
Effect of the Reaction Medium on the Mechanochemical Synthesis of LiAlO2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An unactivated mixture of aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite) and lithium carbonate and a mixture mechanically activated in an AGO-2 planetary mill were heat-treated in air and under vacuum (0.05 Pa) at temperatures of up to 800–850°C, and the phase composition of the heat treatment products was determined by in situ X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that, in the case of the unactivated mixture or after mechanical activation for 1 min, heat treatments in air and under vacuum lead to the formation of α-LiAlO2 and γ-LiAlO2, respectively. After mechanical activation for 5 or 10 min, heat treatment both in air and under vacuum leads to γ-LiAlO2 formation. A possible mechanism behind the effect of the reaction medium on the phase composition of LiAlO2 is analyzed.
In Silico Tools to Score and Predict Cholesterol–Protein Interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cholesterol is structurally distinct from other lipids, which confers it with singular roles in membrane organization and protein function. As a signaling molecule, cholesterol engages in discrete interactions with transmembrane, peripheral, and certain soluble proteins to control cellular responses. Accordingly, the cholesterol-protein interface is central to cholesterol-related diseases and is an essential consideration in drug design. However, cholesterol's hydrophobic, un-drug-like nature presents a unique challenge to traditional in silico analyses. In this Perspective, we survey a collection of tools designed to predict and evaluate cholesterol binding sites in proteins, including classical sequence motifs, molecular docking, template-based strategies, molecular dynamics simulations, and recent artificial intelligence approaches. We then comment on contemporary tools to evaluate ligand-protein interactions, their applicability to cholesterol, and the yet-untapped potential of cholesterol-protein interactions in human health and disease.
Implications for UK coal-fired power stations of a move to a particulate matter standard based on PM<SUB align=right>2.5

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The contribution of UK coal-fired power stations to ambient PM2.5 concentrations has been assessed using short- and long-range modelling. The results suggested a minimal contribution from power stations to both local and regional concentrations of PM2.5 relative to the standards in the proposed European Directive on Ambient Air Quality and only a modest contribution in terms of overall UK PM2.5 levels. Secondary particulate showed a different concentration pattern to primary particulate, the latter being focused on urban areas with high populations. This has important implications for exposure if, as toxicological studies suggest, the toxic component lies predominantly within primary fraction.
Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are many levels of automation in cars, whereas most cars are equipped with at least level 2. Semi-autonomous vehicles like Tesla have level 3 automation. There must be much more testing, research, development, and regulation before society can sell and adopt fully autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle (AV) industry impacts our world and communities in several sectors, which include traffic, urban infrastructure, logistics, health, job market, environment, and society. The AVs come with an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). ADAS has helped reduce car accidents significantly on the road. ADAS is essential and has many benefits, such as improving safety and comfort, enhancing productivity, boosting the economy, and many more. For the large-scale implementation of fully autonomous vehicles, industries and companies must address the current limitations and issues such as data privacy, cybersecurity, lack of policies and regulations, and, most importantly, how to deal with ethical concerns. We still have a long way to go in the large-scale implementation of fully autonomous vehicles, but the future holds many exciting innovations and developments in the AV industry.
Deciphering the genetic control of the tolerance to mal secco in lemon through a multi-parental QTL approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.] is one of the most important citrus species, mainly prized for the organoleptic and nutraceutical properties of the juice and the peel (Muccilli et al., 2020). Since more than a century, mal secco, a tracheomycosis caused by the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus, represents a major threat for lemon cultivation in many Mediterranean countries, and mainly in Italy, causing the desiccation of twigs and branches leading, often, to the death of the plant (Catalano et al., 2021). To detect candidate genes linked to tolerance to mal secco, one inter- and one intra-specific segregating populations were obtained crossing two tolerant genotypes namely: ‘Interdonato’ lemon, and Citrus latipes, with the highly susceptible ‘Femminello Siracusano 2Kr’ lemon, generating a total of 240 seedlings. Two phenotyping methods were applied in parallel for two consecutive seasons: the artificial inoculation of the leaves and the in vivo assessment of symptoms through the cultivation in an area characterized by a high selective pressure of the pathogen. The genotyping was performed using a single-primer enrichment technology (SPET), leading to the definition of 49,478 robust SNPs; the known ancestors of lemon (citron, pummelo, mandarin and sour orange) were also genotyped to achieve a more complete picture of the allelic flow through generations. Marker-trait association analysis was carried out employing a pedigree-based approach (PBA) in which all accessions are analyzed simultaneously taking advantage of the availability of the pedigree records. Preliminary results highlighted the presence of a major QTLs in LG5. The understanding of the genetic regulation of the tolerance to mal secco and the availability of molecular markers linked to this trait will play a crucial role toward the obtainment of novel varieties coupling resistance to mal secco with optimal fruit quality and productivity
A Role of Mesangial Dysfunction in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic nephropathy has been extensively investigated, and the significance of alteration in glomerular hemodynamics or mesangial cell metabolism has been recently clarified. It is expected that in the near future these pathologically important alterations can be corrected, and the development diabetic nephropathy can be halted.
Islamic Economics: Where From, Where To? Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi الاقتصاد الإسلامي: من أين وإلى أين؟ محمد نجاة الله صديقي - تعليق: رودني ويلسون

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article from Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi is of utmost interest for the understanding of Islamic economics and its limits until now. It has the major benefit of giving the right perspective and being realistic about the current state of Islamic economics. It also provides directions to improve the implementation of Islamic economics. Having read this article, I would like to give a personal perspective as a Western observer. --
Nucleon strangeness content through vector meson dominance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We document that N(π,e+e−)N measurements will provide new information about the nucleon time-like form factor in the φ meson region including the value of the φN coupling constant, gφNN. Using vector meson dominance and a field theoretical model which describes pion photoproduction data, we report crossing predictions for the N(π,e+e−)N cross section which exhibit dramatic, several order of magnitude enhancements from φN coupling in the nucleon form factors. These narrow, dual peaked resonances provide a novel experimental signature for OZI violation and the related strangeness content of the nucleon.
Lateral Diffusion of CO2 in Leaves Is Not Sufficient to Support Photosynthesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lateral diffusion of CO2 was investigated in photosynthesizing leaves with different anatomy by gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging using grease to block stomata. When one-half of the leaf surface of the heterobaric species Helianthus annuus was covered by 4-mm-diameter patches of grease, the response of net CO2 assimilation rate (A) to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) indicated that higher ambient CO2 concentrations (Ca) caused only limited lateral diffusion into the greased areas. When single 4-mm patches were applied to leaves of heterobaric Phaseolus vulgaris and homobaric Commelina communis, chlorophyll a fluorescence images showed dramatic declines in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II electron transport (measured as Fq′/Fm′) across the patch, demonstrating that lateral CO2 diffusion could not support A. The Fq′/Fm′ values were used to compute images of Ci across patches, and their dependence on Ca was assessed. At high Ca, the patch effect was less in C. communis than P. vulgaris. A finite-volume porous-medium model for assimilation rate and lateral CO2 diffusion was developed to analyze the patch images. The model estimated that the effective lateral CO2 diffusion coefficients inside C. communis and P. vulgaris leaves were 22% and 12% of that for free air, respectively. We conclude that, in the light, lateral CO2 diffusion cannot support appreciable photosynthesis over distances of more than approximately 0.3 mm in normal leaves, irrespective of the presence or absence of bundle sheath extensions, because of the CO2 assimilation by cells along the diffusion pathway.
Application of McCormick-Cohen Model for Computing ELF/VLF Atmospherics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a recent paper by McCormick and Cohen (2021), the new vertical profiles were discussed of electron density in the D/E region of ionosphere that accounts for the observations of VLF atmospherics (sferics).In the present paper, we use a typical profile from this paper and apply the classical profile of electron effective collision frequency for obtaining the conductivity of middle atmosphere.This air conductivity profile is compared then with those matching the Schumann resonance observations.By using this novel conductivity model, we compute the propagation parameters of ELF-VLF modes in the Earth-ionosphere cavity with the help of fullwave solution.An emphasis is made on the comparison of Schumann resonance spectra found for the existing and the novel profiles.The multi-mode full-wave solutions allowed us to compute the wide-band complex spectra of vertical electric and horizontal magnetic field components by using the classical modal expansions.Finally, the pulsed waveforms were calculated using the Fourier transform of complex ELF/VLF spectra, which belong to typical slow tail atmospherics (sferics).The conclusion is made that the profile by McCormick and Cohen underestimates the radio wave attenuation only at ELF, so that relevant data predicts somewhat higher peak frequencies and Q-factors of Schumann resonance.
The role of self-efficacy and locus of control in job readiness training programs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research suggests that individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy and internal locus of control are more likely to engage in job search activities and persist for longer periods of time when faced with repeated failure when compared to individuals with low self-efficacy and external locus of control (Kulik and Rowland, J. Organization. Behav. 1989;10:361-367). This article will discuss how Bandura's (Psychol. Rev. 1977;84:191-214) self-efficacy theory and Rotter's (Psychol. Monogr.: Gen. Appl. 1966;80:1-27) locus of control theory can be applied to increase participation and persistence in job readiness training programs for people with disabilities. The authors will provide an overview of those theories and then use a case example to illustrate how they can be used in the job readiness process.
Confirmation of Accuracy of Haselgrove Method using Hubbell Radiation Rectangular Source Integral

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Haselgrove method (abbreviated by HM) employing a quasirandom number is effective and powerful for calculating the simple gamma-ray shielding formulas. However, computational accuracy of the HM for such applications has not been precisely confirmed. Recently Timus and Guseinov et al. calculated the Hubbell radiation rectangular source integral with a high accuracy enough to be referred to this confirmation. Using these calculations, the accuracy of the HM will be shown to be greater than 10-7%.
Effect of dry‐ and moist‐heat treatment processes on the structure, solubility, and in vitro digestion of macadamia protein isolate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to enhance the solubility and digestibility of macadamia protein isolate (MPI) for potential utilization in the food industry. The impact of dry‐ and moist‐heat treatments at various temperatures (80, 90, and 100°C) and durations (15 and 30 min) on macadamia protein's microstructure, solubility, molecular weight, secondary and tertiary structure, thermal stability, and digestibility were investigated and evaluated. The heating degree was found to cause roughening of the MPI surface. The solubility of MPI after dry‐heat treatment for 15 min at 100°C reached 290.96 ± 2.80% relative to that of untreated protein. Following heat treatment, the bands of protein macromolecules disappeared, while MPI was stretched by vibrations of free and hydrogen‐bonded hydroxyl groups. Additionally, an increase in thermal stability was observed. After heat treatment, hydrophobic groups inside the protein are exposed. Heat treatment significantly improved the in vitro digestibility of MPI, reaching twice that of untreated protein. The results also demonstrated that dry‐ and moist‐heat treatments have distinct impacts on MPI, while heating temperature and duration affect the degree of modification. With a decreased ordered structure and increased random coil content, the dry‐heat treatment significantly enhanced the in vitro digestibility of MPI. The digestibility of MPI after dry‐heat treatment for 30 min at 90°C increased by 77.82 ± 2.80% compared to untreated protein. Consequently, compared to moist‐heat treatment, dry‐heat treatment was more effective in modifying macadamia protein. Dry‐heat treatment of 30 min at 90°C was determined as the optimal condition. Practical Application Heat treatment enhances MPI characteristics, potentially advancing macadamia‐derived food production, including plant‐based beverages and protein supplements.
A time-reversal-based space-time block coded blind adaptive MC-CDMA receiver

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a blind adaptive time-reversal based space-time block coded (TR-STBC) algorithm for multi-user MC-CDMA systems. Unlike an existing scheme, the proposed method does not need an additional cross-correlation term in the blind cost function to enable its deployment in multi-user MC-CDMA systems. As a result, the performance of the proposed algorithm is not compromised due to inclusion of such penalty term. An adaptive step-size scheme is also included to automatically adjust the rate of adaptation. Simulation results show the mean-squared error performance of the proposed algorithm at full load compared with those of existing receivers.
Effects of job characteristics, team climate, and attitudes towards clinical guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to form and test a model of the antecedents and possible moderators of the use of clinical guidelines among healthcare professionals. A postal questionnaire survey of all workers in six health centres around Finland. was carried out in April 1996. The health centres were selected to represent all different areas of Finland. A total of 748 (65.5%) of the healthcare workers completed and returned the questionnaire. Of the respondents 95% were women, 16% physicians or dentists, 31% registered nurses, and 27% practical nurses. It was hypothesized that besides positive attitudes towards guidelines, job characteristics and team climate affect the use of guidelines. Three alternative models of possible main and moderating effects of attitudes, job characteristics, and team climate were formed and tested. These models were tested using hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modelling (LISREL8). All of the hypothesized main effects and the moderating effect of job characteristics between attitudes towards and the use of guidelines were supported. According to our results important factors behind the general positive or negative attitudes towards guidelines are the usefulness, reliability, practicality, and availability of the guidelines. Also, the overall individual, team, and organizational competence to follow the procedures recommended, seemed to be vital. Moreover, those whose job motivation potential was high were more ready to use clinical guidelines even when their attitudes towards guidelines were the same.
Development and Early Experience of the First Joint Military Health System–Veterans Affairs Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the first 9 months, results were positive and consistent with expectations from national and international registries. Our hope is that this program may serve as an example for other federal facilities looking to start their own combined programs to improve health care quality and patient experience while simultaneously achieving considerable cost containment within a constrained national health care budget.