jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development and use of a checklist for the implementation of medication for opioid use disorder in jails

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In light of short lengths of stay and proximity to communities of release, jails are well-positioned to intervene in opioid use disorder (OUD). However, a number of barriers have resulted in a slow and limited implementation. Methods: This paper describes the development and testing of a Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Implementation Checklist developed as part of a Building Bridges project, a two-year planning grant which supported 16 US jail systems as they prepared to implement or expand MOUD services. Results: Although initially developed to track changes within sites participating in the initiative, participants noted its utility for identifying evidence-based benchmarks through which the successful implementation of MOUDs could be tracked by correctional administrators. Conclusions: The findings suggest that this checklist can both help guide and illustrate progress toward vital changes facilitated through established processes and supports. Plain Language Summary: People incarcerated in jails are more likely to have opioid use disorder than the general population. Despite this, jails in the United States (U.S.) often offer limited or no access to Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD). The Building Bridges project was designed to address this gap in 16 U.S. jail systems as they prepared to implement or expand MOUD services. This article addresses the use of a MOUD checklist that was initially designed to help the jails track changes toward evidence-based benchmarks. The findings suggest that this checklist can both help guide and illustrate progress toward vital changes facilitated through established processes and supports.
Determination of Activation Cross Section by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A quick and easy way of determining activation cross sections by the analysis of γ-ray spectra is described. To determine cross sections by this method, it is not necessary to measure the neutron flux density, to undertake any chemical separation process, nor to use enriched target substances. To ascertain the validity of the method, the activation cross section of 102Ru(n,γ) 102Ru reaction was obtained, resulting in the value of 1.37±0.132 barns, which compares well with published data of 1.44±0.16 barns, determined by another method.
Evaluation of Self-Perceived Confidence and Competence in Oral Surgery among Final Year Undergraduate Students in Greece

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Oral surgery is an integral part of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and management of pathology of the mouth and jaws that requires surgical intervention. The aim of undergraduate studies in oral surgery is, upon graduation, to be confident and competent to treat without assistance surgical cases in the spectrum of general dentistry. This study evaluates the senior Greek dental students' self-confidence and self-perceived competence to undertake cases within the scope of oral surgery. Evaluation of clinical experience gathered during training and self-perceived confidence and competence in generic oral surgery skills is included. Materials and Methods The present study was a questionnaire survey conducted during the academic year 2018–2019. The questionnaire comprised three sections. Section 1 included demographic data and four closed-ended questions concerning numerical data about procedures that they had already performed or observed, section 2 included four questions concerning their self-perceived competence to perform basic surgical techniques, and section 3 included 10 clinical case scenarios. Results One hundred and twenty-seven students participated in the study. Among the basic surgical skills, students were most confident with suturing, and they were least confident with bone removal. Students from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) tend to show higher level of confidence compared with students from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) in most questions. Conclusion Greek graduate dental students report moderate levels of self-confidence in oral surgery. A realistic approach in increasing self-confidence and competence in oral surgery would be the focus on preclinical training in generic elementary surgical skills, in combination with increased observational sessions of oral surgery procedures or outreach training.
An In Vitro Model for the Study of Itch Using Human iPS Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuronal morphological changes in the epidermis contribute to abnormal skin sensations in dry skin-based skin diseases. Intractable itch significantly reduces the quality of life, making it essential to understand the fundamental mechanisms of itch for developing antipruritic treatments. Itch is mediated by peripheral sensory neurons (SN) that originate from the neural crest (NC) during development. Itch-associated signaling molecules have been identified in genetically engineered animals and in cultures of peripheral neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, ethical difficulties in collecting peripheral neurons from human DRG have limited the analysis of itch in humans. This chapter describes a method for differentiating peripheral neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and a method for physiological studies of itch using hiPSC-derived peripheral neurons. It also includes an analysis of their interactions with non-neuronal cells.
Myxoma of the jaws with an unusual intracellular banded structure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myxoma of the jaw is a rare odontogenic tumor, probably derived from the dental apparatus. The case described here was studied by both light and electron microscopic methods. Stellate cells with branching processes were reported in an abundant acid mucopolysaccharide stroma, and ultrastructurally these cells were seen to be fibroblast. Occasionally myxoblasts and macrophages were reported in the tumor. No odontogenic epithelium was identified, while an intracellular synthesis of cross-striated fibrils was observed. The ultrastructural features suggest that the connective tissue cell is the proliferating component of the tumor and is very similar to a fibroblast.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implementation of Online Learning Students of SMP Negeri 3 Rambipuji Jember

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The temporary closure of educational institutions in an effort to prevent the spread of COVID 19 has an impact on millions of students, including in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the online learning process for students of SMP Negeri 3 Rambipuji. In this study, the author uses qualitative research methods with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that online learning is a solution in teaching and learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning is learning that uses the internet network with accessibility, connectivity, flexibility and the ability to bring up various types of learning interactions. In the implementation of online learning, educators use the WhatsApp and Google Classroom applications. The results of the research and discussion found that the impact of COVID 19 on the implementation of online learning at SMP Negeri 3 Rambipuji was not effective.
The origin of multiple mating types in mushrooms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Having multiple mating types greatly improves the chances of meeting a compatible mating partner, particularly in an organism like the mushroom that has no sexual differentiation and no mechanism for signalling to a likely mate. Having several thousands of mating types, as some mushrooms do, is, however, remarkable - and even more remarkable is the fact that individuals only recognise that they have met a compatible mate after their cells have fused. How are such large numbers of mating types generated and what is the nature of the intracellular interaction that distinguishes self from non- self? Answers to these fascinating questions come from cloning some of the mating type genes of the ink cap mushroom Coprinus cinereus. A successful mating in Coprinus triggers a major switch in cell type, the conversion of a sterile mycelium with uninucleate cells (monokaryon) to a fertile mycelium with binucleate cells (dikaryon) which differentiates the characteristic fruit bodies. The mating type genes that regulate this developmental switch map to two multiallelic loci designated A and B and these must both carry different alleles for full mating compatibility. A and B independently regulate different steps in the developmental switch, making it possible to study just one component of the system and work in our laboratory has concentrated on understanding the structure and function of the A genes. It is estimated that some 160 different A mating types exist in nature, any two of which can together trigger the A-regulated part of sexual development. The first clue to how such large numbers are generated came from classical genetic analysis, which identified two functionally redundant A loci, (alpha) and beta. Functional redundancy is, indeed, the key to multiple A mating types and, as seen in Fig.1, molecular cloning has identified many more genes than was possible by recombination analysis.
[Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the stress of mandibular incisor with different level of alveolar bone].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

By three-dimensional finite element analysis,the present research inquired about the stress on the surface of alveolar bone of mandibular incisor with different level of bone loss under different loadings. For the mandibular incisor without bone loss, the maximums of the von Mises stress under vertical and 15 degree oblique loading were 13.171 and 14.315 MPa respectively, both located in the apical region, and the lingual displacement of the tooth were 0.056 and 0.197mm respectively; under 30 degree oblique loading, the maximum of the von Mises stress was 15.262 MPa, located not only in the apical region but also on the crest, and the lingual displacement of the tooth was 0.324 mm. However, when vertical loading was applied on the mandibular incisor with half of the alveolar bone loss, the maximum of the stress increased significantly, located in the apical regions. And under oblique loadings, the value of the stress of this model increased dramatically,being three to five times over that of mandibular incisor without bone loss. Both of them concentrated on the crest. The scope of its distribution decreased from area to point. The significant lingual displacement happened, amounting to 2.850 mm. So when the loss of alveolar bone is not less than half,occlusal adjustment and splinting should be considered during the initial treatment of periodontal disease in order to avoid the significant change of the stress and alleviate the damage to the periodontal tissues.
Transient myocardial perfusion abnormalities during cold provocation test in patients with arterial hyperreactivity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of peripheral cold provocation on myocardial perfusion was evaluated utilizing thallium-201 perfusion imaging in 13 selected patients with arterial hyperreactivity (Raynaud's phenomenon: n = 8; migraine: n = 6) and angiographically documented coronary artery spasm. Eleven out of 13 subjects with coronary arterial spasm--but none of a group of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease--had transient myocardial perfusion defects during cold provocation. The localization of transient perfusion abnormalities during myocardial scintigraphy correlated with the myocardial areas distal to the spontaneous or ergonovine-induced coronary arterial spasm detected by angiography. Transient reduction of tracer uptake during cold provocation and normalization of myocardial perfusion by redistribution imaging was paralleled by areas of hypokinesia observed during the test by contrast ventriculography (n = 8). The described findings in the coronary system during peripheral cold pressor test occurred independently of the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, and without achieving the ischemic threshold.
An Inventory Lot-sizing Model for a Manufacturing/Remanufacturing Environment with Variable Remanufacturing Lot-sizes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

More manufacturers are involved in remanufacturing of used items due to the economical benefit of reusing used items and strict environmental regulation. Consequently, manufacturers have to determine the remanufacturing and manufacturing lot-sizes that minimise the total cost per unit time. Existing lot-sizing models are developed assuming a constant lot-size for both manufacturing and remanufacturing. However, a constant lot-size for remanufacturing could lead to excess inventory of remanufacturable items, resulting in high inventory holding cost. This paper develops a new lot-sizing model that considers variable remanufacturing lot-sizes. It has been established that the new model could lead to savings in total cost per unit time. This is mainly due to a reduction in the inventory holding cost of remanufacturable items. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to test the robustness of the new model.
Reduction of Post‐operative Bleeding after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate by Local Instillation of Fibrin Adhesive (Beriplast)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary— A method for instilling a two‐component fibrin adhesive into the prostatic cavity after transurethral resection of the prostate is described. In a prospective, controlled study, 30 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) were randomised either to receive treatment with the local instillation of fibrin adhesive into the prostatic cavity or to a control group that received no special treatment post‐operatively. There were no complications either during application of the fibrin adhesive or in the follow‐up period. Post‐operative blood loss was significantly reduced in the fibrin group (P < 0.01).
Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties of thermotropic, liquid‐crystalline, semirigid copolyesters based on 2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole units

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Novel thermotropic liquid‐crystalline (LC) copolyesters were prepared with three disubstituted (4,4′‐, 3,4′‐, and 3,3′‐) dioxydiundecanol derivatives of terphenyl analogues of 1,3,4‐thiadiazole [2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (DPTD)], and their optical and electrochemical properties were examined. Their structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The thermal and mesomorphic properties of the copolyesters were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry measurements, polarized microscopy observations, and X‐ray analyses; the data suggested that these copolymers formed LC smectic or nematic phases. The mesomorphic tendency decreased in the following order: 4,4′‐DPTD and 3,4′‐DPTD copolyesters > 4,4′‐DPTD and 3,3′‐DPTD copolyesters > 3,4′‐DPTD and 3,3′‐DPTD copolyesters. Solution and solid‐state ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and photoluminescence spectra indicated that the copolyesters displayed maximum absorbances and blue emissions according to the DPTD unit; the peak maxima of absorption and emission spectra of the copolyesters shifted to lower wavelengths in the aforementioned order for the LC properties. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the electrochemical band gaps of the polyesters estimated from the onset of reduction and oxidation processes were almost the same as the optical band gaps determined from the solid‐state UV–vis spectral data. The DPTD unit enhanced the hole‐injection barrier and improved the charge‐injection balance in these polyesters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1511–1525, 2005
Revised Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Reserve Management

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The 2013 revision of the Guidelines was carried out by the IMF staff, supported by a small Working Group of central banks and monetary authorities from China, India, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, the European Central Bank, and the Bank for International Settlements, and The World Bank acting as reviewer in the process. Mr. Franco Passacantando, Managing Director at the Bank of Italy, chaired this Working Group. The revisions to the Guidelines mainly concentrate on: (i) reserve management objectives and strategy, including analyzing and managing risks in the context of reserve diversification; (ii) transparency and accountability, while avoiding reserve management decisions being dictated by the prevailing accounting framework; (iii) institutional and organizational framework issues, especially on avoiding possible inconsistencies between reserve management and other central bank operations; and (iv) the risk management framework, including taking into account ex-ante assessments of the impact of reserve investments on financial markets and building internal credit risk assessment systems to assess counterparty risks
A study of the wave dynamics of the space–time fractional nonlinear evolution equations of beta derivative using the improved Bernoulli sub-equation function approach

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The space–time fractional nonlinear Klein-Gordon and modified regularized long-wave equations explain the dynamics of spinless ions and relativistic electrons in atom theory, long-wave dynamics in the ocean, like tsunamis and tidal waves, shallow water waves in coastal sea areas, and also modeling several nonlinear optical phenomena. In this study, the improved Bernoulli sub-equation function method has been used to generate some new and more universal closed-form traveling wave solutions of those equations in the sense of beta-derivative. Using the fractional complex wave transformation, the equations are converted into nonlinear differential equations. The achieved outcomes are further inclusive of successfully dealing with the aforementioned models. Some projecting solitons waveforms, including, kink, singular soliton, bell shape, anti-bell shape, and other types of solutions are displayed through a three-dimensional plotline, a plot of contour, and a 2D plot for definite parametric values. It is significant to note that all obtained solutions are verified as accurate by substituting the original equation in each case using the computational software, Maple. Additionally, the results have been compared with other existing results in the literature to show their uniqueness. The proposed technique is effective, computationally attractive, and trustworthy to establish more generalized wave solutions.
Heat-Induced Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly: The Effect of Temperature and Polymer Composition on the Assembly and Disassembly of Poly(2-oxazoline) Nanorods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) are promising biomaterials constituents as they display biocompatibility and versatile functionality while possessing tunable hydrophilicity and favorable physical properties. Recently we showed that POx nanorods of tunable length could be prepared with a hydrophilic and stealthy poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) corona and a crystalline poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) core using a novel heat-induced living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) methodology [Chem. Sci. 2021, 12, 7350-7360]. Herein, the essential steps of heat-induced living CDSA were examined in detail. We report an improved method for POx nanorod seed preparation via ultrasonication above the BCP cloud point temperature, and study the effects of annealing temperature and polymer composition on the kinetics of POx nanorod seeded growth. From these observations we propose that an optimal balance of control over POx nanorod size and self-assembly rate can be achieved when seeded growth is performed at the block copolymer cloud point temperature. Unlike other crystalline-core polymer nanoparticles, the POx nanorods studied are not kinetically trapped under ambient conditions and are observed to slowly disassemble. A detailed study of this disassembly reveals a strong effect of storage temperature and polymer composition on the rate of dissolution, with lower temperatures and a shorter corona-forming block favoring faster dissolution. Finally, freeze-drying protocols are described that allow POx nanorod seeds and particles of defined length to be stored in the dried state. We believe that this report will serve as a useful guide for those seeking to prepare POx nanorods and to take advantage of their highly promising biomedical properties.
Effect of long-term therapy with nipradilol on esophageal varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Results of a multicenter open study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of long-term administration of nipradilol (NIP, Hypadil Kowa, CAS 81486-22-8), a beta-blocker with a vasodilatory action, on esophageal varices was studied in 66 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Administration of NIP (6-12 mg/d) for 3-12 months produced progressive improvement of endoscopic findings over time (30% for C, 25% for F, and 40% for the R-C sign after 12 months). At the last examination (mean: 9 +/- 4 months), the improvement rates were 16.7%, 16.7% and 22.7%, respectively. No significant relationship was found between endoscopic improvement and the Child-Pugh score or the dose of NIP. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in five patients: one had bleeding esophageal varices, three had bleeding gastric varices, and one had a bleeding gastric ulcer. The systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (4.6-12.3%) at 2 weeks as well as 1 and 2 months, and the heart rate showed a significant decrease throughout the study (10-18.4%). With the exception of the patients who had gastrointestinal bleeding, no symptoms of decompensation appeared, and there was no deterioration of laboratory parameters including ammonia. Adverse effects occurred in about 10% of the patients, most of which were related to bradycardia and/or hypotension, and they improved when the drug was withdrawn or the dose reduced. These results suggest that long-term administration of NIP is useful in the treatment of esophageal varices.
The Experience Must Meet the Promise

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Tourism departments spend millions of dollars on marketing campaigns with heavy branding and advertising focuses in hopes of drawing vacationers to their destinations. It is imperative that they are not only able to brand and sell their destinations, but also deliver on the promises made within their advertising campaigns; ultimately meeting visitors' expectations. Delivery on the advertising promises is often a secondary consideration and destinations rarely develop budgets and plans to train associates on the brand image. The actual process of establishing a quality and associate branding process lies within ten simple steps. However, destinations must overcome a variety of obstacles prior to implementing the actual process.