jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 19321: Novel 3D Microengineered Heart Valve Construct Mimics Early Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cues stimulate valvular interstitial cells (VIC) to undergo phenotypic modulation to osteoblast-like cells, leading to the formation of calcific nodules. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. We aim to engineer a novel 3D tissue model of CAVD to study the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of CAVD. This model uses a microengineered construct of natural ECM polymers of the native valve that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of native tissue. Methods and Results: Porcine aortic VICs were encapsulated in photocrosslinkable hydrogels comprised of hyaluronic acid and gelatin methacrylate. These cell-laden 3D constructs were cultured in control (NM) (n=3) and osteogenic media (OM) (n=3), with (n=3) and without pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) (10 ng/mL) for up to 21 days. VIC viability was more than 90% after 21 days in culture. In healthy valves VICs are characterized by minimally expressed α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA). Under pathological conditions, VICs differentiate into activated myofibroblasts with abundant expression of α-SMA. We showed that, when our heart valve constructs were cultured in OM, α-SMA expression gradually decreased while an increase of Runx2, a transcription factor upregulated in osteoblast-like cells, was observed. Constructs exposed to OM revealed a time-dependent induction of calcified noduli formation, where alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed a peak at day 14 (d1: 0.45±0.11 vs d14: 1.96±0.11 vs d21: 0.88±0.07 U/mL (p <0.05)) and calcium deposition follows ALP activity and reaches a plateau at day 16 to day 21 (d1: 0.4 μ g/mL vs. d16 11.9 μ g/mL (p<00.5) vs d21: 10.6 μ g/mL (p >0.05)). Stimulation of heart valve constructs grown in OM with TNFα showed an increase in the amount of calcified noduli compared to without TNFα (d21: 69±7 vs 47±4 noduli (p<0.05)) and promoted Runx2 expression, suggesting a direct effect of pro-inflammatory cues on valvular calcification. Conclusions: Our novel in vitro 3D heart valve model simulates events that occur during early CAVD in vivo, in which pro-inflammatory mechanisms play an important role. This model provides a new platform to study mechanisms of CAVD.
A Study of Eddy-induced Fluctuations of the Zonal-Mean Wind Using Conventional and Transformed Eulerian Diagnostics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of eddy-induced fluctuations of the zonal-mean current in the troposphere and lower stratosphere is examined from the perspective of conventional and transformed Eulerian diagnostics using ECMWF FGGE IIIb data. Spatial correlations among different terms in the transformed Eulerian angular momentum equation for the entire FGGE year reveal a significant positive relationship between the divergence of the horizontal component of the Eliassen-Palm (E-P) flux (which is associated with meridional eddy fluxes of momentum) and day-to-day changes in the shape and intensity of the zonal current. It is found also that a very high negative correlation exists between the Coriolis torque associated with the eddy-induced residual circulation and the divergence of the vertical component of the E-P flux (which is associated with poleward eddy fluxes of heat and baroclinic wave development). An explanation is given as to why the Coriolis term in the transformed Eulerian momentum equation so effectively cancels the vertical E-P flux divergence and why the zonal current responds with such great sensitivity to the horizontal divergence. It is shown on theoretical grounds that in regions in which the stratification parameter S (which is proportional to the ratio of the square of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency to the square of the Coriolis frequency) is sufficiently small, the response of the zonal mean flow to the E-P flux divergence must be in the form of a residual circulation, with little change in the zonal angular momentum distribution. This is found to be the situation in regions of baroclinic wave development and intense poleward eddy heat fluxes. In regions of sufficiently large S the response to the E-P flux divergence must be in the form of an acceleration or deceleration of the zonal flow in the direction of the eddy torque, with very little effect on the residual circulation. This is found to be the situation in regions of horizontal wave propagation outside the source region where poleward eddy momentum fluxes dominate. A case study is selected from the FGGE dataset to illustrate the processes involved in a characteristic fluctuation of the zonal-mean current using both conventional and transformed Eulerian diagnostics. In this context the often neglected role of the poleward eddy heat flux at the lower boundary in accelerating the zonal current throughout the depth of the troposphere and lower stratosphere is shown to be important.
Chemistry and Formation of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) at Li-Metal Potential

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Li metal batteries (LMBs) have long been considered a solution to address the energy density limitations of Li-ion batteries. However, the widespread adoption of LMBs has faced challenges due to operational issues, notably safety concerns arising from the formation of Li dendrites and uncontrolled reactivity at the interfaces, leading to continuous consumption of the electrolyte. To enhance the reversibility of the Li-metal anode (LMA), a promising approach has emerged involving the development of a novel liquid electrolyte comprising an ether solvent and LiFSI salt. Notably, this electrolyte formulation has achieved impressive Coulombic efficiency (CE) values surpassing 99.5%. Despite this progress, the underlying causes of Coulombic inefficiency (CI) and its connection with the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li metal surface remain inadequately understood. Gaining fundamental insights into these essential processes occurring during continuous cycling of the LMA can provide valuable guidance for optimizing CE more effectively. This presentation focuses on recent advancements that systematically unravel the underlying chemistry and formation of SEI derived from FSI anions at the interface of the Li metal anode in contact with various liquid electrolytes. By employing a non-washing protocol and a Cu current collector, we successfully captured and identified crucial reaction intermediates from SEI chemistry, enabling precise determination of the decomposition pathway for FSI anions. Our discoveries unveil a dynamic scenario at the electrode/electrolyte interface, where these reaction byproducts can significantly dissolve into the liquid layer, and their relative solubility dictates their role in passivating the electrode surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate a strong correlation between faster interfacial passivation in higher-performing electrolytes and the reduced solubility of diverse inorganic species within the liquid electrolyte. These fresh insights into SEI chemistry and formation open new avenues for enhancing LMA performance by mitigating undesired side reactions at the interface.
Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) Ammonoids from the Boulders of the Greek Quarry, Central Crimea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Sinemurian ammonoids from the boulders in the Greek quarry (Salgir River basin, southeast of Simferopol) are described. The assemblages are represented by Phylloceratidae (Phylloceras, Zetoceras, and Partschiceras), Juraphyllitidae (Juraphyllites and Paradasyceras), Schlotheimiidae (Phricodoceras), Arietitidae (Coroniceras, Metophioceras, Arnioceras, and Asteroceras), Oxynoticeratidae (Gleviceras), Echioceratidae (Plesechioceras, Orthechioceras, Echioceras, and Paltechioceras), Eoderoceratidae (Eoderoceras), Epideroceratidae (Epideroceras), and, questionably, Coeloceratidae (?Tetraspidoceras). A new species Asteroceras dommerguesi sp. nov. is described. A sequence of biostratigraphic units (biohorizons and beds with fauna) was reconstructed and correlated with known biostratigraphic units (zones, subzones and biohorizons) of the Mediterranean area. The ammonite assemblages were found to be similar to those of the Northern Tethyan margin (Pontic and Austroalpine subprovinces).
Raising Awareness of Green IT - The BCS Way

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the actions that are being undertaken by the British Computer Society (BCS) to raise awareness of green computing with end users, SMEs and large organisations. The two BCS Specialist Groups, the Green IT SG, aimed at end users and SMEs, and the BCS Data Centre Specialist group, aimed at the larger organisations ’ data centres are described. The need for green computing qualifications is discussed together with the proposed qualifications targeted at end users, home users, teachers and SMEs.
Soft Modeling of Analytical Data

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this contribution different methods for soft modeling data analysis are reviewed. Soft modeling approaches attempt the description of a system without the need of an a priori model postulation, physical and/or chemical. The goal of these methods is the explanation of data variance using the minimal or softer assumptions about data. Most of these soft modeling approaches are based on factor analysis (FA) decompositions of experimental data matrices. These decompositions are done by pure mathematical means and allow the identification of the number of data variance sources, their qualitative and, eventually, quantitative estimation. Results of soft modeling data analysis are useful to validate hard modeling results and also for investigation of complex chemical systems. In this contribution, the soft modeling data analysis methods described can be applied to one data matrix or to several data matrices (three‐way data sets). The purpose of these methods are mainly exploratory analysis and resolution of mixture data sets. Within the lattergroup, special attention is devoted to multivariate curve resolution (MCR) techniques and their extension to three‐way data analysis. Three examples of application are given covering the chromatographic coelution of mixtures of pesticides using liquid chromatography/diode‐array detection (LC/DAD), the infrared (IR) spectral data analysis from multiple runs of an industrial process and the interpretation of thermodynamic and conformational transitions of polynucleotides using spectrometric titrations.
Reaching the Global Targets for Stunting, Anemia, Breastfeeding, and Wasting: Investment Framework and Research Implications

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Establishes that the world needs $70 billion over 10 years to invest in high-impact nutrition-specific interventions in countries carrying the highest burden of stunting, anemia, and wasting, and the lowest rates of breastfeeding. This translates to just over $10 a year per child under age five. A smaller package of priority interventions would require $23 billion over 10 years, or just over $4 per child. Although these estimates come from ambitious scale-up assumptions, some countries have shown rapid scale-up of nutrition interventions can happen and can lead to swift declines in stunting and other forms of malnutrition. While investments should kick off by scaling up interventions with the highest returns and those that prove scalable now, scaling up only this priority set would not achieve global targets. Given the right investments in "gray-matter infrastructure" at the right time, every child can achieve her full potential, and the payoffs would prove durable, inalienable, and portable.
A Prospective Observational Study on Liver Dysfunction in Pediatric Dengue Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver involvement is quite common in dengue fever and can lead to fatal complication like acute liver failure (ALF). No single method can accurately identify patients at risk for disease progression and poor outcome. We aimed to determine the relationship between liver function tests (LFTs) and outcome in paediatric dengue infection. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of hospitalized children (1–12 years) with dengue infection (June 2020–Dec 2021). Serial monitoring of LFTs was done in confirmed dengue cases. Patients were classified into non-severe (NSD) and severe dengue (SD). Results: 90 children (55 boys) with mean age of 7.21 ± 3.74 years, were analysed (NSD, n = 59(65.6%) SD, n = 31(34.4%)). Deranged LFTs were seen in all study population which were more in severe disease group (>1000). Aminotransferase levels were more deranged than bilirubin level. AST level were more deranged than ALT levels and in 1st week of illness. Serum bilirubin was raised in 7(7.8%) of study population. All patients were in severe disease group which were 7(22.6%) population of severe disease group which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia were more in severe disease group. Total 54(60%) cases had low albumin level in which 23(74.2%) were in severe disease group and 31(52.5%) cases were in nonsevere disease group which was not statistically significant (p>0.005). Death occurs in 8 (25.8%) cases which all were belongs to severe disease group. Conclusions: Liver involvement was seen in all cases of dengue fever. Severe hepatitis in dengue is associated with poor outcome.
Cavitation Damage Resistance and Adhesion of Polymeric Overlay Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study is concerned with the general problem of cavitation erosion; in particular, with coatings which can provide protection of marine and other structures against cavitation erosion and which can remain adhered when exposed to severe hydrodynamic environments. Cavitation erosion studies were conducted on 25 coatings, comprising both neoprene and polyurethane formulations; the Naval Applied Science Laboratory (NASL) magnetostriction apparatus was used as the principal test device. The most erosion resistant of the coatings tested were found to be polyurethane formulations. Adhesion tests on the more erosion resistant coatings showed no effect of cavitation exposure on strength of adhesion. Comparison of magnetostriction data with data obtained on the NASL rotating disk apparatus showed that cavitation intensity of the magnetostriction test (under presently maintained operational parameters) exceeded the most severe intensity developed by the rotating disk apparatus.
Complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 2 heavy chain of a human IgA2 immunoglobulin of the A2m (2) allotype.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 2 heavy chain of a human IgA2 immunoglobulin of the A2m(2) allotype has been determined and is compared to the sequence of the alpha 1 chain of the human IgA1 subclass. The characteristic differences between the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains are greatest in the hinge region and in the location and number of the oligosaccharides. Apart from the duplication in the hinge region of alpha 1 and the deletion in alpha 2, there are 23 amino acid exchanges in the constant (C) regions of the two chains. Accepted mutations are related to the surface accessibility of the residues and the proximity of carbohydrate. The results indicate that human IgA and IgG subclasses arose late in evolution and reflect similar mutationa pressures.
Discussion on the File Management of 500KV Shimian Substation Project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the development of the electricity system reform,shutting down power plants,hydropower stations have emerged,and the demand of electric fence becomes increasingly high. 500-kilovolt transformer substation is an important hub for sending power from Sichuan to the East,and is also the major project for the country and Sichuan Province. The archival materials formed by this project are so numerous and new that our bureau carries forward the spirit of striving to surpass, pursuing excellence and the spirit of dedication. Our bureau also pays close attention to file-oriented infrastructure and major projects file management so as to effectively guarantee the completeness,norm and timeliness of archiving files.
The early effects of intravenous L-propionyl carnitine on ulcerative trophic lesions of the lower limbs in arteriopathic patients: a controlled randomized study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Large numbers of patients with severe peripheral arteriopathic disorders (Stage IV) present a characteristic clinical history of pain and ulcerative trophic lesions requiring either major or minor amputation. Recent studies have shown that L-propionyl-carnitine (LPC) can possibly moderate the tissue damage induced by ischaemia in peripheral arteriopathic disorders. In the present study 12 patients with severe obstructive chronic arteriopathy were treated either with 2 g of LPC (plus heparin and buflomedil) by slow infusion b.i.d, or by placebo plus heparin and buflomedil. In the LPC-treated patients, one lesion was completely healed (17%); two showed a > 50% decrease in the surface of the ulcerative lesion (34%) and three a reduction in such surface < 50% (50%). Control patients showed a reduction < 50% of the ulcerative lesions in two cases (34%), unaltered limits of the ulcer margin in three cases (50%) and worsening of such a lesion in one case. In addition, the LPC-treated patients showed a progressive reduction in the evening pain symptom as monitored by the fewer requested doses of the analgesic compound ketoprofen (77 vs 125 requests for administration in treated and control patients, respectively). The long-term effect of LPC treatment evaluated after three months showed that in treated patients only one minor (digital) amputation was performed, whereas in the control group two patients underwent minor (digital and foot) and one major (above knee) amputations. In conclusion, the results of the present preliminary study suggest that LPC administration can improve the healing of ulcerative lesions, can reduce the need for analgesic medication and can lessen the incidence of amputation.
Effects of light quality on the accumulation of oil in a mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chlorella strains rather than terrestrial oil crops having higher oil content and shorter generation time have been considered as promising candidates for alternative biodiesel. Since the influence of light quality on oil formation of microalgae in either monoculture or mixed culture has been shown to be either inconsistent or ambiguous, a light‐emitting diode (LED) photo‐bioreactor with different light sources and intensities was used in this study to investigate a cost‐effective lipid production process. RESULTS: The oil accumulation in a mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was higher than that in the monoculture under the different light sources used. Results of the influence of light quality on the mixed culture indicated that the optimal light wavelength and intensity for biomass formation was red LED light at 1000 lux, whereas the optimum for oil formation was blue LED light at 1000 lux. A novel two‐stage LED photo‐bioreactor was thus proposed and the highest P max and productivity in this study were obtained as 261 mg L −1 and 8.16 mg L −1 h −1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: A novel two‐stage LED photo‐bioreactor using a mixed culture to optimize microalgal oil production was proposed and successfully demonstrated in this study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
AHP Model for Selection of Sustainable Energy: A Focus on Power Generation and Supplying for End-users

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

AHP is one of important technology management tools for decision making that is used during technology selection process, and applied prior to acquisition of a new technology. In the last decade, AHP was discussed by numerous studies, covering wide-variety of areas, focusing on many criteria and sub-criteria, for the purposes of selecting, allocating, evaluating, or benchmarking different alternatives of technology. The use of AHP for selecting the source of renewable energy as the alternative for the non-renewable source of energy is important, especially to the environmental conscious’ end-users, or those who are living in the rural area. However, in the field of sustainable energy, AHP application for power generation focusing on the end-users is still limited. As a result, this study aims to develop an AHP model, by investigating the suitable group of criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives that will suit the needs of the end-users. This model will helps the relevant parties to identify the most suitable sources of technology for power generation to solve the end-users’ needs. To do this, secondary data were collected from the relevant empirical studies. Based on the descriptive analysis, it was found that the previous studies have ranked and prioritized each of these criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives differently, which implies a specific AHP model for the end-users should be developed. With the findings, this study has developed an AHP model comprising of four major criteria, each with three sub-criteria, and five alternatives. This model is being verified by an ongoing research in Malaysia.
Some identities of q-Bernoulli polynomials under symmetry group S3

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we give some new identities of Carlitz q-Bernoulli polynomials under symmetry group S 3 . The derivatives of identities are based on the q-Volkenborn integral expression of the generating function for the Carlitz q-Bernoulli polynomials and the q-Volkenborn integral equations that can be expressed as the exponential generating functions for the q-power sums.
Enzymatic synthesis of [1-11C]pyruvic acid, L-[1-11C]lactic acid and L-[1-11C]alanine via DL-[1-11C]alanine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

L-[1-11C]Lactic acid was prepared enzymatically from [1-11C]pyruvic acid by way of DL-[1-11C]alanine, using remote, semiautomated procedures. The DL isomers of alanine were prepared by a modification of the Bucherer-Strecker reaction from no-carrier-added (NCA) hydrogen [11C]cyanide. The enantiomer mixture was transformed to [1-11C]pyruvic acid by successive elution through columns of (a) immobilized D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO)/catalase and (b) immobilized L-alanine dehydrogenase (L-AID) or L-amino acid oxidase (L-AAO/catalase). [1-11C]-Pyruvic acid was subsequently converted to L-[1-11C]lactic acid by passage through a L-lactic dehydrogenase (L-LDH) column. L-[1-11C]Alanine and [1-11C]-pyruvic acid were separated chromatographically by way of a cation-exchange column (AG50W-X2, H+ form). Typically the synthesis time was 35-40 min after cyclotron production of hydrogen [11C]cyanide (400 mCi), with radiochemical yields of 25 mCi (25%) for L-[1-11C]lactic acid, 35 mCi (29%) for [1-11C]pyruvic acid, and 20 mCi (20%) for L-[1-11C]alanine. The use of immobilized enzymes eliminates the possibility of protein contamination and assures the production of sterile, pyrogen-free products, allowing for rapid and effective regio- and stereo-specific transformations.