jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of RASSF5 on Cell Growth and Hippo Signaling in Rhabdomyosarcoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway, a signaling cascade that regulates many biological processes, is associated with many human cancers. The goal of my project was to delete RASSF5, a regulator of the Hippo pathway, in RMS cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 and then to evaluate how the absence of RASSF5 affects RMS cell growth and Hippo signaling, with and without DNMTi Tx.\nMethods: A lipofectamine transfection was performed in two different RMS cell lines, Rh30 & RD, in which two different CRIPSR/Cas9 vectors with RASSF5 guide RNA were introduced. Then IncuCyte growth assays, western blot and qPCR were performed\nResults: The IncuCyte growth curve for one of the RASSF5 CRISPR Rh30 cell lines, Sg1, revealed a faster rate of cell growth compared to the control Rh30s. Also, when treated with SGI110 Tx, there is reduction of drug induced growth inhibition of Sg1 Rh30 cells compared to controls. When looking at the protein level, although Cas9 expression was observed, there was no baseline reduction in RASSF5.\nDiscussion: While some of this data suggests that we have less activation of the Hippo pathway, which would result from a reduction in RASSF5, other data implies that RASSF5 was not deleted entirely. Further research is needed to elucidate RASSF5’s role in both RMS and the altered Hippo pathway in RMS.
Assay and Related Impurities Detection for Magnesium Fructose-Diphosphate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To establish a method for assay and related impurities detection of magnesium fructosediphosphate. Methods:The content of magnesium fructose diphosphate was determined by diphenylamine colorimetric method. It was carried out in hydrochloride acid solution under 96℃ for 50 min. The absorption of reaction solution was determined at 638 mn. The relative impurities were detected by thin layer chromatography and phospho-molybdic acid colorimetric method. Results:The average recovery for assay was 99.4%-101.8%. The intraday and inter-day precision was less than 1.0% and 1.6%,respectively. The detection limit for fructose,fructose-6-phosphate and relative impurities in test sample by TLC was 0.25% ,1.25% and 1.25%,respectively. Conclusion:The established method can be used for routine quality control of magnesium fructose diphosphate.
Comparative study of Alvarado score and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acute appendicitis despite being a common problem, remains a difficult diagnosis to establish. A delay to diagnose this condition as well as negative appendicectomies should be prevented. The above problems can be avoided by using scoring systems. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Alvarado score and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods: In this study, 100 cases of appendicitis were admitted. Alvarado and RIPASA scores were applied to all patients. The scores were compared with post-operative histopathology findings.Results: Alvarado score was positive in 75% cases and RIPASA score was present in 90% cases. Histologically, appendicitis was present in 99% cases.Conclusions: RIPASA score is more efficient in diagnosing acute appendicitis compared to Alvarado score.
Symmetry Detection and Breaking in Linear Cost-Optimal Numeric Planning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the main challenges of domain-independent numeric planning is the complexity of the search problem. The exploitation of structural symmetries in a search problem can constitute an effective method of pruning search branches that may lead to exponential improvements in performance. For over a decade, symmetry breaking techniques have been successfully used within both optimal and satisficing classical planning. In this work, we show that symmetry detection methods applied in classical planning with some effort can be modified to detect symmetries in linear numeric planning. The detected symmetry group, thereafter, can be used almost directly in the A*-based symmetry breaking algorithms such as DKS and Orbit Space Search. We empirically validate that symmetry pruning can yield a substantial reduction in the search effort, even if algorithms are equipped with a strong heuristic, such as LM-cut.
Ground Motion Characteristics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Fault zones exhibit geometrical complexity and are often surrounded by multiscale fracture networks within their damage zones, influencing rupture dynamics and near-field ground motions. We investigate the ground-motion characteristics of cascading ruptures across damage zone fracture networks of moderate-sized earthquakes using high-resolution 3D dynamic rupture simulations. Our models feature a listric fault surrounded by over 800 fractures, emulating a major fault and its associated damage zone. We analyze three cases: a cascading rupture propagating within the fracture network, a non-cascading main-fault rupture with off-fault fracture slip, and a main-fault rupture without a fracture network. Cascading ruptures within the fracture network produce distinct ground-motion signatures with high-frequency content, arising from simultaneous slip of multiple fractures and parts of the main fault, resembling source coda-wave-like signatures. This case shows elevated near-field characteristic frequency (fc) and stress drop, approximately an order of magnitude higher than the estimation directly on the fault of the dynamic rupture simulation. The inferred fc of the modeled vertical components reflects the complexity of the radiation pattern and rupture directivity of cascading earthquakes. We show that this is consistent with observations of strong azimuthal dependence of corner frequency in the 2009-2016 Central Apennines, Italy, earthquake sequence. Simulated ground motions from cascading ruptures also show pronounced azimuthal variations in peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity, and pseudo-spectral acceleration, with average PGA nearly double that of the non-cascading cases. Such outcomes emphasize the critical role of fault-zone complexity in affecting rupture dynamics and seismic radiation and have important implications for physics-based seismic hazard assessment.
O-77 Effects of advance care planning in patients with cancer. results from a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a systematic and interprofessional approach of communicating and implementing advance health care planning between patients, relatives and persons involved in the healthcare of a particular patient.

Aim

The aim of this contribution is to assess the effectiveness of ACP in patients with cancer.

Methods

Search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. Criteria for inclusion were patients with cancer, ACP defined as communication about advance healthcare planning facilitated by healthcare professionals, a control group without ACP and measurement of patient oriented outcomes. All abstracts and selected publications were evaluated by two researchers independently.

Results

Out of 572 hits we included 11 relevant studies with a total of 4060 patients. ACP often was part of a complex intervention and was not specified in more detail. The results of the studies included in this review indicate that ACP in patients with cancer is associated with improved psychological wellbeing, improved quality of life, less informational needs, a higher chance of preference sensitive care, less intensive care measures in the last phase of life and better knowledge regarding the rates for success of resuscitation.

Discussion

The findings of this systematic review suggest that ACP in patients with cancer has positive patient oriented outcomes. However given the heterogeneous and often vague definitions of ACP the findings of the different studies are difficult to compare.

Conclusion

High quality randomised trials are needed to corroborate current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ACP in oncology.
Preparation and Evaluation of Micro particulate Drug Delivery Systems of Gliclazide Employing Starch Acetate.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently much emphasis is being laid on the development of micro particulate DDS in preference to single unit systems because of their potential benefits such as increased bioavailability, reduced risk of systemic toxicity, reduced risk of local irritation and predictable gastric emptying. The objective of the present study is to prepare and evaluate micro particulate drug delivery systems of Gliclazide using starch acetate, a new modified starch for oral controlled release. The starch acetate (DS 2.75) was freely soluble in chloroform and insoluble in several aqueous fluids and organic solvents. Chloroform could be used as solvent for starch acetate in the preparation of micro particles, microcapsules and in film coating Spherical starch acetate- Gliclazide micro particles could be prepared by the emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The method is industrially feasible as it involves emulsification and removal of the solvent, which can be controlled precisely. The emulsification solvent evaporation method was reproducible with regard to size and size distribution of the micro particles. About 65-70% of micro particles in each batch were in the size range 35/50 mesh (398.5Î¼m) Encapsulation efficiency was in the range 96.0-99.3 % in the preparation of micro particles.
EXTH-12. POTENTIATING THE EFFICACY OF IMMUNE CHECK-POINT INHIBITORS IN GLIOBLASTOMA BY INHIBITION OF CXCL12

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in glioblastoma (GBM) is rich in CXCL12, a chemokine known for stimulating angiogenesis. CXCL12 also controls immune cell trafficking and promotes polarization to an immunosuppressive phenotype. We postulated that inhibiting CXCL12 will modulate the immunosuppressive TIME in GBM, thereby augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy agents like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We examined the immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy of CXCL12 inhibition, using a small molecule NOX-A12, with and without ICIs in pre-clinical murine GBM models. METHODS B6 immunocompetent mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) SB28 tumors received either vehicle, NOX-A12, anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 (dual ICI) or NOX-A12 + dual ICI (combination). Tumor growth was measured by IVIS imaging and immune cells in brain were analyzed using high dimensional flow cytometry. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test. RESULTS Combination treatment resulted in tumor regression and long-term survival in 40% of s.c. tumor bearing mice compared to 10% treated with dual ICI only. Three of 4 mice rechallenged with contralateral s.c. tumor remained tumor free while all naive mice reached endpoint. TIME from treated s.c. tumors revealed increase in CD4 and effector memory CD8 T cells by combination treatment compared to dual ICI. In i.c. GBM tumors, while no survival benefit or growth inhibition was seen, combination treatment induced an early increase in effector memory CD8 T cells and PD-L1+ B cells, and a later increase in MHC-II+ microglia compared to dual ICI. CONCLUSION Inhibition of CXCL12 enabled the increase of effector cytotoxic T cells by ICI, improving survival in the s.c. GBM model, but not in i.c. GBM model. This might be due to differences in CXCL12 effect between extra and intra-CNS tumor or due to robust immune response causing excessive brain edema and death. These will be further explored in ongoing and future studies.
Modern Dyson-Schwinger Equation Studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dichotomy of the pion as QCD's Goldstone mode and a bound state of massive constituents is easily understood using the Dyson-Schwinger equations. That provides the foundation for an efficacious phenomenology, which correlates the pion's charge radius and electromagnetic form factor with its valence quark distribution function; and simultaneously provides a Poincare' covariant description of the nucleon, its form factors and, more recently, meson photoproduction processes. This well-constrained framework can also be used to eliminate candidates for an extension of the Standard Model by providing the relation between current-quark electric dipole moments and that of the neutron
The pushbike song: Rolling physical cultural studies through the landscape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores how small cities use cycling for both residential transportation and active tourism. While cycling may be child’s play, and indeed a part of childhood socialization, the ‘pushbike’ has a role in regional development. Our work investigates cycling and cycling policy. We then focus on one small city at the southern tip of Western Australia. Albany is attempting to transform itself into a cycling city and an international capital of cycling. This article engages trans-local cultural modelling and evaluates Albany’s goal in terms of health, sustainability and economic development. The synergetic and accidental commitment to cycling in Albany provides a model and opportunities for other small cities to consider, apply and improve.
Endomorphisms of Quantum Generalized

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that every endomorphism of a simple quantum generalized Weyl alge- bra A over a commutative Laurent polynomial ring in one variable is an automorphism. This is achieved by obtaining an explicit classification of all endomorphisms of A.O ur main result applies to minimal primitive factors of the quantized enveloping algebra Uq (sl2) and certain minimal primitive quotients of the positive part of Uq (so5). Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 16W35, 16S32, 16W20, 17B37.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON BEDSIDE ELECTIVE OPEN TRACHEOSTOMY IN ICU OF A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN KERALA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Tracheostomy is a common procedure performed in critically ill ventilator-dependent patients to provide long-term airway access.About 10% of the ICU patients require prolonged mechanical ventilation and hence a tracheostomy is needed.Early bedside tracheostomy in such patients reduces the length of stay in ICU and number of days on ventilator by facilitating weaning.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This prospective clinical study aims to study the results of early versus late Tracheotomy in critically ill patients of ICU and other Emergency wards.This study also aims to observe and analyze the outcomes of bedside open tracheostomy, in relation to its safety, complications, and duration of hospital stay; mortality and problems of decannulations.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study done in Govt.Medical College, Calicut from Jan 2013 to June 2014 and includes all the patients in ICU's and wards who underwent bedside tracheostomy by open surgical method during the study period.Results:The study sample consisted of 60 patients in the age group of 15-75 years.41(68%) males and 19(32%) females.The main indication for tracheostomy is prolonged ventilation (90%).Patients with head Injury fared better than with neurological diseases in our study, with a statistical significance.(P value-0.02).Mortality is 53.33%.One patient died directly as a result of the procedure.Remaining patients recovered from primary disease and decannulated.There was significant relationship between early tracheostomy with early weaning, early decannulations and shorter ICU and overall hospital stay (P value <0.05).All complications were managed conservatively without any sequelae.CONCLUSION: Operative complications of bedside tracheostomy are less.Most of these develop in the first week and can be managed without morbidity.Majority of deaths in our study are related to the primary disease rather than the procedure.There was no significant relationship between timing of tracheostomy with laryngotracheal stenosis and overall mortality.
A cryomodule for the RIA driver linac.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a cryomodule design for the superconducting linacs for the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator Facility (RIA). This paper discusses the design of a cryomodule for all the drift-tube-loaded superconducting cavities required for the machine. The same basic design will be used for the low and medium velocity sections of the driver linac and also for sections of the radioactive ion beam (RIB) linac. Fundamental design choices such as separate vs. common beam and insulating vacuum spaces are driven by the clean fabrication techniques required for optimum cavity performance. The design can be adapted to a variety of cavity geometries.
Some generalizations of the class of analytic functions with respect to k-symmetric points

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we introduce a new class $M_{s}^{k}[\\alpha,\\beta,\\lambda]$ which generalizesthe various classes of analytic functions with respect to k-symmetricpoints. Naturally, the class $M_{s}^{k}[\\alpha,\\beta,\\lambda]$&amp;nbsp;combines the classes $S_{s}^{k}(\\alpha,\\beta)$&amp;nbsp;and $C_{s}^{k}(\\alpha,\\beta)$. We also study the coefficient estimates and obtain someinequalities related to the coefficients of functions in these classes. Wedevelop the integral representation, inclusions and convolution conditions for the functions in the class $M_{s}^{k}[\\alpha,\\beta,\\lambda]$ .&amp;nbsp;
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of S-1 in patients with sorafenib-refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (S-CUBE).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4018 Background: An unmet medical need persists for patients (pts) with sorafenib-refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 in pts with sorafenib-refractory advanced HCC. Methods: Japanese men and women (aged ≥ 20 years) with Child-Pugh (C-P) A or B liver function and disease progression with or intolerance to sorafenib were randomized in a 2:1 ratio. S-1 (80, 100, or 120 mg/day) or a placebo was administered orally, according to the body surface area on days 1–28 of a 42-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities were observed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety. For a statistical consideration of the heterogeneous population with advanced HCC, we conducted the subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 334 pts were enrolled (S-1 = 223, placebo = 111). Patient characteristics were well balanced; median age, 70.0 years; C-P A liver function, 81.0%; vascular invasion, 17.7%; and extrahepatic metastasis, 53.8%. The median OS was 337.5 days with S-1 and 340.0 days with the placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–1.10; P = 0.220). The median PFS were 80 and 42 days, respectively (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46–0.77; P < 0.001). ORRs were 5.4% and 0.9%, respectively (P = 0.068). In the subgroup analysis showed the efficacy of S-1 on OS was different depending on patient characteristics; C-P liver function, HR was 0.79 (C-P A) and 1.19 (C-P B); Tumor stage, HR was 2.08 (Stage I/II) and 0.79 (Stage III/IV). The main adverse events (AEs) with S-1 were anorexia, fatigue, elevated total bilirubin, and diarrhea. Most AEs were mild to moderate, and the study discontinuation rate due to AEs was 19.2% in S-1 pts. Conclusions: Although S-1 did not statistically extend OS compared to the placebo in pts with sorafenib-refractory advanced HCC, the subgroup analysis showed S-1 has potential to improve OS in the clinically-important population. The observed benefit in the outcomes of PFS and subgroup analysis warrant further investigation. Clinical trial information: JapicCTI-090920.
Using the Fourier transform to compute the weight distribution of a binary linear block code

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An analytical technique is presented to compute the weight distribution of a linear block code by performing a Fourier analysis involving certain matrices obtained from the code trellis. The proposed method is general, easy to implement, and can be used without having to traverse the trellis or carry out tedious analytical work. The introduced technique can be used as a flexible analytical tool to capture the weight structure of the code with application to problems involving analysis and/or design.
β-Glucuronidase, a Regulator of Lyme Arthritis Severity, Modulates Lysosomal Trafficking and MMP-9 Secretion in Response to Inflammatory Stimuli

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase (Gusb) is a key regulator of Lyme-associated and K/B×N-induced arthritis severity. The luminal enzymes present in lysosomes provide essential catabolic functions for the homeostatic degradation of a variety of macromolecules. In addition to this essential catabolic function, lysosomes play important roles in the inflammatory response following infection. Secretory lysosomes and related vesicles can participate in the inflammatory response through fusion with the plasma membrane and release of bioactive contents into the extracellular milieu. In this study, we show that GUSB hypomorphism potentiates lysosomal exocytosis following inflammatory stimulation. This leads to elevated secretion of lysosomal contents, including glycosaminoglycans, lysosomal hydrolases, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, a known modulator of Lyme arthritis severity. This mechanistic insight led us to test the efficacy of rapamycin, a drug known to suppress lysosomal exocytosis. Both Lyme and K/B×N-associated arthritis were suppressed by this treatment concurrent with reduced lysosomal release.
Micro and Nano Chemical System on Chip

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Integrated micro chemical systems have been expected as evolutional tools for high speed, functional and compact instrumentations for analysis, synthesis, bio and related sciences and technologies. We have developed general methods for micro integration of chemical systems on the basis of the concept being similar to electronics. In place of resistor, capacitor, and diode in IC, micro unit operations for mixing, extraction, phase separation, etc. have developed as integrated components of microchemical systems. There are two directions of our microchip chemical technologies. One is to make these technologies practical and to commercial use of micro-meter scale chemical system on chip. And the other one is to extend the method to nano-meter scale chemical experiment which is opening new horizon of chemical research tool.
Relation between epileptic activities and edema formation after cryogenic injury in the rabbit.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although cryogenic lesions have been widely used as experimental models of either focal epilepsy or focal BE, the relation between these two disorders has never been discussed. In these experiments EA and gray matter edema were correlatively investigated during the early phase (1 to 23 hr) after a cryogenic lesion in the rabbit. Indexes were developed to allow a quantitative assessment of EA. The indexes demonstrated that the early phase of cryogenic epilepsy is a rapid phenomenon during the first 4-hr postlesion. Epileptic activity precedes BE, and in individual animals, there is a significant positive correlation between the total amount of EA and edema. EA and BE are most likely interrelated at the level of pathophysiological mechanisms. Excitotoxins and ions would be possible candidates mediating both phenomena.