jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing cognition in the era of COVID19: Do we need methods to assess cognitive function virtually?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background With an aging population, cognitive impairment has become increasingly prevalent. Early symptoms are often missed in primary care and may progress to clinical dementia before being noticed. Screening for dementia has been a challenge. No clear guideline describes how to assess for cognition in primary care despite the robust data suggesting that early identification of dementia allows for mobilization of resources to support patients and caregivers, and there is no harm in proactive assessing cognition in older patients. In addition, most of the cognitive assessment methods requires in‐person cognitive testing in primary care practices, this may be affected by situations where the in‐person visitations to the physician offices are limited such as in the COVID 19 pandemic. Our study aims to access performance of in‐person cognitive assessment in primary care during COVID 19 pandemic. Methods Cleveland Clinic implanted MiniCog as a cognitive screening tool in primary care at Cleveland Clinic Community Care (4C). Inclusion criteria are‐ Age 65+, Annual Wellness visit, no preexisting diagnosis of dementia, normal MiniCog in previous year. Data were registered from from January 2019 until November 2020. Results Figure 1 displays the number of MiniCog performed at 4C averaging 360 MiniCog every month. Total number of MiniCogs performed during the study period was 7126 out of which 6739 were normal (95%) and 387 were abnormal (5%). Figure 2 displays the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on in‐person visits in 4C, resulting an impressive decline in cognitive assessment process leading to no cognitive testing in April and only two tests in May. Conclusion Most of the cognitive assessment tools used in clinical practice requires in‐person office based and are often needed to diagnose dementia. Telephonic cognitive interviews such as TICS and MoCA 5 minute protocol are available, but are difficult to administer in primary care. The substantial drop in the performance of in‐person cognitive assessment during the COVID 19 pandemic raises the need of validated tools to virtually assess cognitive function and also highlights the negative impact of COVID 19 pandemic on already frail processes of assessing cognitive health of older adults in primary care.
Design and study of a steel truss arch bridge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A triangular steel truss arch spanning the same distance has a lighter weight, smaller horizontal thrust, lower height, and a transparent, vivid overall structure. Therefore, it is a reasonable structure for segmental arch pedestrian bridges. Based on the design of a landscape pedestrian bridge in a sponge city, this study briefly explained the overall arrangement, structural form selection, structural design, and static analysis results of the triangular steel truss arch bridge, providing a reference for designing similar bridges and the basis for further investigation.
The chlorination of 5α- and 5β-cholestan-3-one and dechlorination of 2,2,4α-trichloro-5α-cholestan-3-one and 2β,4,4-trichloro-5β-cholestan-3-one

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chlorination of Sa- and 5ß-cholestan-3-one (l) and (7) proceeds sequentially to give the a-monochloro (2) and (8), a,a-dichloro (3) and (9), and a, a, a'-trichloro (4) and (10) derivatives; the nature of the product mainly depends on the reaction conditions. The a, a'-dichloro ketones (5) and (11) could be prepared by dechlorination of the corresponding trichloro ketones (4) and (10) with chromium(II) acetate. Further dechlorination of the dichloro ketones (5) and (11) with the same reagent furnished the a-monochloro ketones (6) and (12) which cannot be obtained by the direct chlorination of 5a- and 5ß-cholestan-3-one.
A study of Chinese engineering students’ communication strategies in a mobile-assisted professional development course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="Els-Abstract-text">The development of students’ professional skills is an important issue in higher education in China. This research reports a 3-month study investigating engineering students’ communication strategies (CS) while they were interacting to do a 12-week mobile-assisted learning project, i.e., “Organizing and Attending a Model International Conference”. This learning project was a major teaching module of the English course of Professional Applications, which used a blended mode of face-to-face instruction and mobile learning. The two theoretical constructs guiding the current study are Communication Strategies and Linguistic Interdependence. Fifty-seven students volunteered to participate in the study. The instruments included eight oral communication sessions, a questionnaire, stimulated recall interviews, the participants’ WeChat exchanges, etc. Results showed that the participants used a variety of CSs when completing the academic tasks. Moreover, these CSs were closely related to the students’ involvement in meaning negotiation and social interaction. Furthermore, the use of strategies to solve communication problems revealed that the participants employed different strategies at different times when doing different tasks. It is suggested that instructors have CS training tailored to their students’ professional needs. Future research should focus on a longitudinal investigation of the amount of scaffolding that helps students transfer their communication strategies across tasks.</p><p> </p>
Aspects of Caesarean Section in India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CONSIDERABLE evidence exists in the medical and ritualistic texts of India that Caesarean Section, i. e. the incising of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a child near or at the natural time of birth, has been practiced in India from very ancient times down to the present day. In its ritualistic aspect the operation was obviously made for three reasons, one practical, the others religious: to save the life of the unborn child; to render the body of the dead undelivered woman pure for the priestly ritual of cremation; and to produce the body of the embryo-child for burial according to the regulations which prohibit the cremation of children under two years of age. The Baudhdyanapitrmedhas-dtra2 and the Vaikhanasagyhyas-atra8 describe the practice as follows: If the child still lives, the mother's corpse is taken to the place of cremation and cut open with a knife by the husband or son or someone taking their place. The karta looks upon the delivered child and says, May my son live many years in felicity. The child is washed, given over to a wet nurse, and placed to the breast. Butter sacrifices are placed in the mother's womb, the wound is sewed up with a needle, and the corpse is washed, laid upon the pyre, and cremated in the usual manner. These directions are early, but their exact date cannot be determined. They are perhaps not later than 200 B. c. but undoubtedly describe a practice existing in some form long before that date. No actual prescription has been found declaring that a child near or at the time of birth should be removed from the womb of its dead mother so that it can be buried, while the mother is cremated. But from the knowledge that in post-Rgvedic times 4 infants under two years of age had to be buried it is reasonable to infer that such
RETREG1 (FAM134B): A new player in human diseases: 15 years after the discovery in cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

FAM134B (family with sequence similarity 134, member B)/RETREG1 and its functional roles are relatively new in human diseases. This review aimed to summarize various functions of FAM134B since our first discovery of the gene in 2001. The protein encoded by FAM134B is a reticulophagy receptor that regulates turnover of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by selective phagocytosis. Absence or non‐functional expression of FAM134B protein impairs ER‐turnover and thereby is involved in the pathogenesis of some human diseases. FAM134B inhibition contributes to impair proteostasis in the ER due to the accumulation of misfolded or aggregated proteins, which in turn leads to compromised neuronal survival and progressive neuronal degenerative diseases. Mutations in FAM134B associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IIB (HSAN IIB). Selective cleavage of FAM134B by Dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus encoded protease NS2B3 leads to the increased production of infection units, whereas upregulation of FAM134B inhibits viral replication. In cancer, FAM134B acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibit cancer growth both in‐vitro and in‐vivo. Pharmacological upregulation of FAM134B resulted in reduced cancer cell growth and proliferation. In addition, FAM134B mutations are common in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These mutations and expression changes of FAM134B were associated with the biological aggressiveness of these cancers. FAM134B also plays a role in allergic rhinitis, vascular dementia, and identification of stem cells. Taken together, information available in the literature suggests that FAM134B plays critical roles in human diseases, by interacting with different biological and chemical mediators, which are primarily regulated by ER turnover.
The relevance of migration status for voluntary tasks in sports clubs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Current research has identified practices of ethnic closure and discrimination regarding voluntary positions in sports clubs. This article explores whether people with migration background differ in terms of taking on voluntary tasks from people without migration background. The analyses build on data from the project ‘Social Inclusion and Volunteering in Sports Clubs in Europe’ (SIVSCE) that includes information about volunteering, as well as, individual characteristics of the members (n = 10,641) in voluntary sports clubs (VSCs) from ten European countries. When differentiating between first and second-generation migrants, the findings show that for all the examined voluntary tasks in VSCs, second-generation migrants are significantly better represented than first-generation migrants. Multiple regression analyses for different voluntary tasks indicate that direct effects of migration status disappear under the control of other socio-economic and membership-related variables. This indicates that the underrepresentation of first-generation migrants in the different task areas is not greatly influenced by ethnic closure and discrimination in the recruiting practices of the clubs, rather differences in volunteering are associated with variances of underlying individual characteristics such as educational level and membership duration.
Doxastic divergence and the problem of comparability. Pragmatism defended further

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Situations where it is not obvious which of two incompatible actions we ought to perform are commonplace. As has frequently been noted in the contemporary literature, a similar issue seems to arise in the field of beliefs. Cases of doxastic divergence are cases in which the subject seems subject to two divergent oughts to believe: an epistemic and a practical ought to believe. This article supports the moderate pragmatist view according to which subjects ought, all things considered, to hold the practically right belief in, at least, some cases of doxastic divergence. Unlike many defences of pragmatism, this paper does not aim to overcome exclusivism (briefly, the view that only epistemic, but not practical, considerations have an influence on what a subject ought to believe). Another major challenge that pragmatism faces is to show that the epistemic and the practical ought to believe are comparable. This article makes a case for their comparability.
Identification of biosynthetic gene clusters using bioinformatic tools

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are genomic regions responsible for producing natural products with diverse biological activities. Identifying and characterizing these gene clusters is crucial for understanding the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and for drug discovery efforts. In recent years, bioinformatics tools have played a pivotal role in the identification, annotation, and analysis of BGCs in microbial genomes. Tools such as antiSMASH, PRISM, and MultiGeneBlast leverage computational algorithms, comparative genomics, and machine learning techniques have been developed to predict BGCs based on the presence of biosynthetic enzymes and other conserved features. These tools enable the inference of chemical structures of natural products encoded by BGCs, further enhancing our understanding of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. They have become indispensable in the field of natural product discovery, empowering researchers to uncover novel secondary metabolites with potential therapeutic applications.
Application and analysis of the nonparametric measures for regional trial of mungbean varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two rank variates n ij and n ′ ij for the i th variety in j environment,and four nonparametric measures P i,P ′ i,S i and D j were introduced to describe the basic characteristics of mungbean regional trial data at whole nation in 2001.The results indicated that there were marked differences in productivity and stability between varieties.9239 8 and 9309 22 are excellent varieties in both productivity and stability.Environment differentiation was high at fourteen locations,Changzhi station in Shanxi was the highest and found out 80.0% difference significantly.
Lithium stabilization of amorphous ZrO2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a key option to aid the worldwide net zero targets for carbon emissions. Some pressurised water reactors aim to operate with a boron-free coolant chemistry for simplification in plant design. In the absence of boron, Li has been found to accelerate the corrosion of the zirconium-based alloy fuel cladding under certain conditions and concentrations within pressurised water reactors (PWRs). The cause of the accelerated corrosion has yet to be identified. This work identifies the potential for amorphous ZrO2 phase stabilization by lithium that will potentially have an impact on the passive oxide's grain boundary structure. Higher lithium concentrations are found to stabilise the amorphous phase's stability before re-crystallisation to higher temperatures. Chemical assessment has also shown the lithium phase to be soluble in water, indicating a potential mechanism for lithium to alter grain boundaries and increase the pathways for further oxidation of the underlying zirconium material.
L’image de l’Asie Mineure et des Turcs dans les textes narratifs du Moyen Âge français (XIIe-milieu du XVe siècle)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the medieval French perceptions of Turkish Asia Minor and the Turks in the time period between 1096 and 1453. Unlike medieval representations of other Eastern nations, very little research has been done on those of the Turks. Focusing on a variety of medieval French texts within a variety of genres, this research argues that the collective perception of the Turks results from medieval authors’ subjective interpretations, based more on cultural values and ideologies of European feudal society, memories of classical Antiquity and Christian traditions than on factual reality. Using as a point of reference the cultural approach and the works of Edward S. Said, Jacques Le Goff and Georges Duby, it is shown that the Turkish ‘Other’ is pre-eminently a product of Western imagination. The first chapter centres on the ambivalence of medieval geographical descriptions of Asia Minor, in which its portrayal as a land of evil blends with reminiscences of the classical and Christian past. The second chapter investigates the medieval French conceptions of the Turks’ origins, identity and history through the prism of literary traditions, historiographical considerations and political factors. The third chapter concentrates on the formation and various uses of the enemy image of the Turk in the medieval West. The last chapter shows how conformity or non-conformity of Turkish cultural practices to the system of Western feudal values influenced the genesis of negative but also positive perceptions of the Turks in the medieval West.
Voluntary environmental management system standards: Case studies in implementation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many anticipate that over the next decade, voluntary environmental management system (EMS) standards will take on the same importance in the marketplace as the ISO 9000 quality standards; the draft international EMS standard (ISO 14001) is on pace to be completed by mid‐1996. In the United States, despite rapidly growing interest in EMS standards, most companies and regulatory agencies are uncertain about their potential benefits and about the process of developing an EMS. Case studies of EMS implementation, particularly in small and medium‐sized companies, are needed to demonstrate the process and identify areas in which further EMS guidance is needed for environmental managers. This article presents seven case studies of EMS implementation in small, medium‐sized, and large companies. Each company is participating in an EPA‐sponsored Demonstration Project in which a variety of organizations are piloting the implementation of EMS standards (the project is being coordinated by NSF International, a not‐for‐profit company specializing in environmental and public health standards and certification). The case studies, written by the companies themselves, share experiences of EMS assessment, planning, and implementation, and discuss challenges that are special to particular industries.
A case series and review on pediatric thyroid nodules

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thyroid nodules have a higher risk of malignancy in children and hence need close monitoring. Primary care providers often obtain the initial thyroid work up. Once there patients are referred to specialists, primary providers are unsure about subsequent management and follow up. We present here three cases of thyroid nodules with different initial presentation, diagnosis and management. This article provides a good brief summary about thyroid nodule and reiterates the importance of long term follow up of these patients by primary care provider and endocrinologists.
Effect of Text Messaging on Risk Factor Management in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Mobile health technologies are low cost, scalable interventions with the potential to promote patient engagement and behavior change. We aimed to test whether a culturally sensitive text messaging intervention supporting secondary prevention improves the control of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease in China. Methods and Results: In this multicenter, single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 822 patients (mean age, 56.4 [SD, 9.5] years; 14.1% women) with coronary heart disease and without diabetes mellitus from 37 hospitals in China were enrolled between August 2016 and March 2017. In addition to usual care, the control group (n=411) received 2 thank you messages/month; the intervention group (n=411) received 6 text messages/week for 6 months delivered by an automated computerized system. The messages provided educational and motivational information related to disease-specific knowledge, risk factor control, physical activity, and medication adherence. The primary end point was change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 6 months. Secondary end points included the proportion with systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg, smoking status, and change in body mass index, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and physical activity (assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire). The end points were assessed using analyses of covariance. Follow-up was 99.6%. At 6 months, systolic blood pressure was not significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group, with a mean change (SD) of 3.2 (14.3) mm Hg and 2.0 (15.0) mm Hg ( P >0.05) from baseline, respectively (mean net change, −1.3 mm Hg [95% CI, −3.3 to 0.8]; P =0.221). There were no significant differences in the change in LDL-C level, physical activity, body mass index, or smoking status between the 2 groups. Nearly all patients in the intervention group reported the text messages to be useful (96.1%), easy to understand (98.8%), appropriate in frequency (93.8%), and reported being willing to receive future text messages (94.8%). Conclusions: Text messages supporting secondary prevention among patients with coronary heart disease did not lead to a greater reduction in blood pressure at 6 months. Mobile phone text messaging for secondary prevention was feasible and highly acceptable to patients. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02888769.
Study of optimal temperature during adsorption cleaning of transformer oil under conditions of long-term operation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the optimal temperature of a transformer under conditions of long-term operation during adsorption cleaning. The study was conducted on five types of samples of used transformer oil with a long service life.Cleaning of each sample of used transformer oil was carried out at temperature ranges of 20 - 80 °C. Silica gel and zeolite were used for adsorption purification. The conducted experimental studies and analysis of the obtained data showed that the optimum temperature for heating the used oil in the process of adsorption purification is 80°C. Regression equations have been obtained that make it possible to determine the dependence of the oil breakdown voltage on the oil temperature after cleaning with adsorbents. These equations will allow you to predict the expected outcomes without having to perform experimental tests.
Expressive Musical Robots: Building, Evaluating, and Interfacing with an Ensemble of Mechatronic Instruments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p><b>An increase in the number of parameters of expression on musical robots can result in an increase in their expressivity as musical instruments. This thesis focuses on the design, construction, and implementation of four new robotic instruments, each designed to add more parametric control than is typical for the current state of the art of musical robotics. The principles followed in the building of the four new instruments are scalable and can be applied to musical robotics in general: the techniques exhibited in this thesis for the construction and use of musical robotics can be used by composers, musicians, and installation artists to add expressive depth to their own works with robotic instruments.</b></p> <p>Accompanying the increase in parametric depth applied to the musical robotics is an increase in difficulty in interfacing with them: robots with a greater number of actuators require more time to program. This document aims to address this problem in two ways: the use of closed-loop control for low-level adjustments of the robots and the use of a parametric encoding-equipped musical robot network to provide composers with intuitive musical commands for the robots.</p> <p>The musical robots introduced, described, and applied in this thesis were conceived of as musical instruments for performance and installation use by artists. This thesis closes with an exhibition of the performance and installation uses of these new robots and with a discussion of future research directions.</p>