jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant’s nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.
Young Children with a Bucket-Handle Tear to the Discoid Lateral Meniscus Successfully Treated Using Arthroscopic Saucerization and Repair: Two Case Reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Observations of a symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus in young children are infrequent. The objective of this report was to demonstrate the use of arthroscopic saucerization and repair for treating a bucket-handle tear of a lateral discoid meniscus in two young children. Two young children (a 28-month-old girl and a 5-year-old boy) presented with a bucket-handle tear of the complete type lateral discoid meniscus. Both patients received arthroscopic saucerization and repair. A full knee extension under a long leg cast was applied for one month after surgery. The two patients were able to achieve a full range of motion of their operated knees without limping or presenting an antalgic gait at the third month after surgery. Both patients and their parents felt satisfied with the treatment at the 2- and 3-year follow-ups, respectively. Our results demonstrated that arthroscopic saucerization and repair seems to be an effective treatment for bucket-handle tears of the lateral discoid meniscus in young children—even those younger than 3 years old. We reported the youngest case (a 28-month-old girl) in comparison with the findings from a literature review.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor (L.) Moench IS 29600

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor (L.) Moench
Common name(s): Sorghum
Other names: IS 29600
Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: IS 29600
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1985-09-26
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
FIRE FREQUENCY AND COMMUNITY HETEROGENEITY IN

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Few studies have directly addressed the effects of disturbance on spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Spatial heterogeneity is the degree of dissimilarity in species com- position from one point to another in a community, whereas temporal heterogeneity is compositional change within a site over time. The purposes of this study were to determine (1) if a quadratic relationship exists between within-site heterogeneity and disturbance frequency as predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), (2) if disturbed and undisturbed sites have similar heterogeneity as implied by the disturbance heterogeneity hypothesis (DHM), and whether or not these results differed with scale, and (3) if there is a relationship between spatial and temporal heterogeneity as implied by the DHM. Analyses were based on plant species composition data collected over 9 yr in quadrats permanently located in experimental management units subjected to different burning frequencies at Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas, USA. The relationship between disturbance frequency and within-site heterogeneity was op- posite that predicted by the IDH. Heterogeneity was lowest at intermediate disturbance frequencies. Heterogeneity in annually burned prairie was lower than in unburned prairie and prairies burned once every 4 yr in contrast to predictions of the DHM. However, this relationship did not hold at larger spatial scales. There was a positive relationship between within-site spatial and temporal heterogeneity on annually burned sites, sites burned once every 4 yr, and nearly so on sites burned every other year. Within-site heterogeneity was negatively correlated with cover of Andropogon gerardii, and positively correlated with total richness and species diversity. Studies of variation, in addition to averages, will increase our ability to predict patterns of species distribution and abundance within and between communities in response to disturbance.
Will An Environmental Focused Genius Hour Affect Students’ Attitudes Toward The Environment?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine if an environmental focused Genius Hour will affect students’ attitudes toward the environment. Over an eight week period ninth grade students in an Honors Civics class self-selected an environmental topic to research, write a research paper and present their findings. The study was completed in a suburban high school setting. The study Quantitative and qualitative data was gathered using student interest surveys and the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Likert Scale Survey. The participants were surveyed before completing their Genius Hour project and after completion. The results of the survey show that an environmental focused Genius Hour can slightly affect students’ attitudes toward the environment. More research is needed to see if attitudes are affected long term.
Advagraf®, a once-daily prolonged release tacrolimus formulation, in kidney transplantation: literature review and guidelines from a panel of experts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus twice-a-day (BID) and once-a-day (QD) formulations are similar. However, the available information regarding the initiation and management of tacrolimus QD is sparse and practical information is lacking. A panel of French experts extensively reviewed the available literature on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety in kidney transplantation and, based on their own day-to-day experience, provided the practitioners with practical guidelines for the daily use and management of tacrolimus QD in de novo initiation or early conversion.
Profile of micro-organisms in intensive care unit of a level-1 trauma centre: A retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Patients with trauma usually require highly specialized care in ICU and many times their recovery is complicated by infections. Aim of this study was to determine the profile of pathogens and their impact on outcome among these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of 101 consecutive patients who were admitted for more than 48-hrs in ICU during Jun-Dec 2007 were analyzed. RESULTS: Total of 953 samples from blood, urine, BAL or pus/collection were subjected to cultures. From 276 samples, 299 organisms were isolated. Among pathogens Candida Spp. [89 (29%)] were the most common, followed by Acinetobacter Spp. [69 (23%)], Pseudomonas Spp. [63 (21%)], Klebsiella Spp. [31 (10%)], coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus [16 (5%)], E coli [12 (4%)], Enterobacter Spp. [7 (2%)], S aureus [6 (2%)], Enterococcus Spp. [5 (2%)], Citrobacter Spp. [2 (0.6%)], S maltophila [1 (0.3%)] and Providentia Spp. [1 (0.3%)]. For gram negative pathogens drug-resistance rates were as follows: Fluoroquinolones, 76%; 3(rd) generation cephalosporins, 74%; aminoglycosides, 66%; β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors combinations, 64%; and carbapenems, 50%. Among these 27% of pathogens were resistant to all 5 classes of drugs. 58% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant whereas 85% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were methicillin resistant. The mortality was higher among patients in whom pathogens were isolated [Odd's Ratio (OR) 0.185; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.049-0.640; P = 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of multi-drug resistant pathogens is common among trauma patients admitted in ICU and is associated with increased mortality and could impact on the consumption of hospital resources. The importance of high rate of fungal isolation needs to be studied among these patients.
Big Brother Australia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Big Brother is a hybrid format that is both innovative and engaging and, as such, warrants critical attention. In an attempt to move the debate beyond discussions of ‘tabloidization’ and narratives of decline, this paper examines Big Brother in terms of the production strategies, textual innovations and the various ways in which audiences are able to interact with this media event. It is argued here that Big Brother is an important precursor to fully interactive TV, and a significant prototype for future media events.
Phosphatases and esterases activity in the brain following an acute sublimate intoxication.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Experiment studies were performed on rats that were administered mercury chloride sublimate with a special gastric cannule in a single 6 mg dose for four consecutive days. As a result of the investigations some changes in the phosphates and esterases activity were revealed. The diminution of AcP, AIP, ATP-ase and AChE activity as well as in the increase in TPP-ase activity in the neurocytes, and also the appearance on NsE activity in many oligodendrocytes was observed. The fall in ATP-ase activity was, above all, observable in cerebral and cerebellar capillaries, which is, in the authors opinion, a manifestation of enzymatic damage to the blood-brain barrier due to a toxic action of mercuric chloride. In the discussion attention was drawn to differences in the degree of enzymatic activity between a mercuric chloride intoxication and that with mercurous chloride, as well as attempt was made to explain the pathogenetic mechanism of this phenomenon. Furthermore, notice was brought to the fact that in the course of sublimate encephalopathy no changes are observed in BuTJ activity.
Contribution of insect pollination to Macadamia integrifolia, Coffea arabica, and Dimocarpus longan in Hawaiʻi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The contribution of insect pollination was assessed for three crops in Hawaii: Macadamia integrifolia, Coffea arabica, and Dimocarpus longan. These three plants, having very different mating systems, were shown to be visited by a range of insects in the Orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. While Diptera ranked highest in species richness, Apis mellifera, the honeybee, was the most abundant insect visiting the flowers in all three study orchards. Overall fruit set and fruit retained was increased with insect pollination, as well as fruit quality. Abundance, combined with foraging behavior and stigma contact suggested that honeybees were the greatest contributors to pollination for these crops.
The Contribution of Electrical Resistivity Measurements to the Analysis of Landslide Events

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

B010 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS TO THE ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE EVENTS Abstract 1 In order to gain insight into the study of natural avalanches dynamics we illustrate a statistical model based on a dissipative dynamical variable associated to a position dependent factor of safety field. This model as experimentally demonstrated is able to reproduce the complex structure of landslide events such as power-law distributions. In this paper we introduce an explicit dependence of the safety factor on the electrical resistivity to simulate landslide events in pyroclastic soils. An application of the model to data acquired in a test
Review and Progresses in Studies of Emergency Planning Zones in IAEA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Emergency planning zone(EPZ)should be established around the nuclear facility in advance to ensure that the effective protective actions would be taken promptly for the public and environment in case of nuclear accident.The IAEA evolution of EPZ and the characteristic of PAZ and UPZ were introduced systematically.The new development of IAEA EPZ after Fukushima nuclear accident was elaborated and the PAZ and UPZ change of nuclear facility of threat category I was analyzed.The implication was summarized as references to improve nuclear emergency work in China.
The biodiversity of native bivalve molluscs of Ukraine (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as the need to comply with the requirements of the housing concept and the implementation of the sustainable development strategy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Метою даної роботи став аналіз умов існування молюсків родин Unionidae та Sphaeriidae у сучасних українських водоймах та порівняння їх з умовами існування цих тварин до періоду глобальної трансформації гідроекосистем, отриманими з літературних джерел, коли ці тварини у водоймах утворювали масові скупчення, порою виступаючи домінуючою групою організмів бентосу
PBL methodology in business administration and industrial engineering and management programs: similarities and differences

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

PBL has been implemented in many programs in the universities as a need to change pedagogical and learning practices from teacher-centred to student-centred methodologies. Business Administration from Brazil, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense and Industrial Engineering and Management from Portugal, Department of Production and Systems, University of Minho are two of such programs. PBL implies an innovative curriculum design that could assume many forms and be differently implemented. The aim of this paper is to describe these two different approaches of PBL, namely, focusing the differences related to: the program where was implemented, the coordination and organization, the courses implied, the teamwork organization, the assessment methods (e.g. formative, summative, self and peer), the related situations concerning implementation and development of PBL as learning approach (e.g. difficulties) and the final products expected from the project among others. Benefits for the students and teachers are also discussed in each PBL implementation. The instruments of the research methodology used were the experience of the authors, the documental analysis and the results of the students and teachers perceptions questionnaires by the project ending among others. This will give the opportunity for the authors and others researchers benefit from the best of each approach.
Histology of hematopoietic tissues in the Indian White Prawn Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquaculture industry is getting more attention all over the world because of its nature of providing food, export earnings, employment generation and upliftment of the socio-economic status of rural people.
Recently shrimp is in great demand in international markets. This demand can not be met by the fisheries. Hence there is a spurt in intensive aquaculture activities.
In India, shrimp aquaculture is shifting from semi-intensive to intensive type.High stocking densities in intensive aquaculture encourage the development and transmission of many diseases within cultured populations
Relationship between magnesium levels in drinking water and sudden infant death syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The possible association between the risk of death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and the levels of magnesium in drinking water from munici- pal supplies was investigated in a matched case-control study in Taiwan. Characte- ristics for all SIDS deaths (501 cases) among Taiwan residents from 1988 through 1997 were compared with those of people who died from other causes (501 controls). The levels of magnesium in the drinking water of these residents were determined from data obtained from the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation (TWSC). The controls were pair-matched to the SIDS cases by sex, month and year of birth. The results of our study show that there is a significant trend towards a decreased risk of SIDS with increasing magnesium levels in drinking water.
S0793 Patient Adherence to Fecal Calprotectin Testing Is Low Compared to Other Commonly Ordered Tests in Patients With IBD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Reliable, non-invasive biomarkers are important in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to minimize colonoscopies, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many studies have demonstrated that fecal calprotectin (FCP) can be used as a biomarker for active inflammation. Indeed, FCP has been shown to have superior sensitivity compared to serum C-reactive protein (CRP). Although FCP is a useful marker in the management of IBD patients, we observed that patients often do not complete this test when requested. In this study, we assessed completion rates for FCP in our tertiary referral center for IBD as compared to other routine tests. METHODS: We identified all patients with ICD 9/10 codes for IBD. 3,082 IBD patients were found with at least one FCP test ordered. We determined the mean completion rate for FCP. A subset of 1564 patients who also had at least one order for CRP, complete blood count (CBC), and Clostridium difficile (CDIFF) was also identified. R Studio was used to prepare the data for statistical analysis using SPSS. RESULTS: In the 3,082 patients initially identified, the mean completion rate for FCP was 49.7%. When subgroup analysis was performed for the 1564 patients with FCP, CDIFF, CRP and CBC tests, mean completion rates for these tests were noted to be 53.9%, 61.4%, 72.6% and 74.2%, respectively. We found statistically fewer patients adhering to tests involving collection of stool than blood. There was a statistical difference in FCP completion rates between age groups, with older patients having generally higher completion rates than younger patients. There was no statistical difference in completion of FCP tests based on gender or ethnicity. A similar pattern was also found for CDIFF testing. With blood tests, including the serum biomarker of CRP, no statistical difference was noted between completion rates based on age, gender or ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Although FCP is a sensitive marker for intestinal inflammation, patients are less likely to perform the test, especially compared to blood tests. Younger patients are the least likely to complete FCP and other stool tests. These results suggest that patients may have an aversion to stool based tests and/or have a reduced understanding of their value. These results also indicate the continued need to develop better serum biomarkers that reflect intestinal inflammation with greater sensitivity and specificity. Knowledge of these high rates of non-adherence may improve the discussion with patients.Figure 1.: Comparison of Completion Rates for Fecal and Serum Tests.Figure 2.: Mean FCP Completion Rates Across Age Groups.Figure 3.: Mean C DIFF Completion Rates Across Age Groups.
Abstract 1261: Targeting Wee1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract WEE1 is a tyrosine kinase that regulates G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and frequently overexpressed in various tumors. However, the expression and clinical significance of WEE1 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are still unknown. In this study, we found that WEE1 was highly expressed in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Importantly, overexpression of WEE1 was correlated with T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and poor prognosis of LSCC patients. Furthermore, inhibition of WEE1 by MK-1775 induced cell growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in LSCC cells. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine could reverse MK-1775-induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis in LSCC cells. MK-1775 also inhibited the growth of LSCC xenografts in nude mice. Altogether, these findings suggest that WEE1 is a potential therapeutic target in LSCC, and inhibition of WEE1 is the prospective strategy for LSCC therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Meng-Ling Yuan, Qi-Wei Jiang, Yang Yang, Jia-Rong Huang, Zhi Shi. Targeting Wee1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1261.
Circulating Now, Full Circle: From the Historical Collections of the National Library of Medicine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"In 2013, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched its Circulating Now blog to convey the vitality of medical history in our twenty-first-century world. The idea involved welcoming individuals to share stories of their engagement with the NLM collection—which spans eleven centuries, encompasses a variety of digital and physical formats, and originates from nearly every part of the world—as well as stories of the human condition preserved in this vast corpus. A decade on and with hundreds of posts published, Circulating Now has demonstrated the public’s esteem for the NLM collection and has been recognized by The Washington Post as “varied, lively and sometimes surprising.” This book is an open access, edited collection of curated posts from Circulating Now. Its introduction presents the strategic conception and impact of the blog as a dynamic library and management resource. Six thematic chapters follow, each copiously illustrated and introduced with a new and original essay describing the content development and reflecting on the programmatic and intellectual significance of the selected posts. This book brings Circulating Now full circle in the twenty-first-century publishing ecosystem, creating a new access point for researchers and augmenting the original blog as a deep knowledge base of searchable information about the Library and its collection. Preserved in the NLM collection and circulating to new readers, Circulating Now, Full Circle will testify in perpetuity to the Library’s timeless stewardship of its globally appreciated collection and its public service to the world.