jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Effect of a valgization osteotomy with external wedge removal on patellar height and femoro-patellar arthritis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This retrospective study assesses the effect of proximal tibial lateral closing wedge osteotomy on the patellar height and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. This osteotomy was performed on 59 knees (53 patients) for medial gonarthrosis. No cast immobilization was used. The patients presented a mean varus deformity of 9.4 degrees before surgery and a mean valgus angulation of 4.2 degrees at maximum follow-up. The theoretical effect of the osteotomy was evaluated using a geometrical model. The actual effect was evaluated using Caton's index which was measured 3 times (before the osteotomy, after one day and with a mean follow-up of 24.8 months after the osteotomy). The theoretical measure showed an increase in the patellar height. Conversely, in the patients, the measured Caton's index did not significantly increase (0.85 to 0.835) (epsilon = 0.882; risk = 5%) because of shortening of the patellar ligament. Clinical improvement in the patellofemoral compartment was noted. No radiological progression of the arthritis occurred in the patello-femoral compartment. We advocate proximal tibial lateral closing wedge osteotomy to treat femoro-tibial osteoarthritis in patients with femoropatellar osteoarthritis or with patella infera.
Chapter 4. Imagining the Relationship between Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, 1890–1928

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 4 discusses how Chinese people imagined the relationship between Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and traces how this conception evolved, from the popular idea of "converging Chinese and Western medicine" championed by Tang Zonghai in the 1890s to the emergence of a radically different modernist discourse advocated by Yu Yan in the late 1910s. Based on a globally circulated discourse of modernity, Yu Yan partitioned Chinese medicine into three distinctive categories: theory, Chinese drugs, and experience. On the one hand, this tripartite characterization encouraged the abandonment of what many then considered the erroneous theories of Chinese medicine; on the other hand, with the help of the internationally renowned research on ephedrine at PUMC, it helped to generate a national consensus on the study of Chinese drugs. Until the eve of the 1929 confrontation, practitioners of Chinese medicine had managed to resist this modernist discourse, which effectively denied the possibility of the co-existence between two medical traditions.
Table S3 from Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and Is Associated with Worse Outcomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Methylation array derived beta values derived from EPIC array used to compare methylation of ecDNA positive and negative regions within several cell lines at the MYC, MYCL and MYCN loci.</p>
Do Managers Have Capital Structure Targets? Evidence from Corporate Spinoffs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The two main theories of capital structure—the tradeoff theory and the pecking order theory—have opposite predictions about the expected relationship between corporate leverage and profitability. According to the tradeoff theory, companies that earn higher profits will use more debt both to shield their income from corporate taxes and to discipline corporate investment policy. In contrast, the pecking order theory predicts that more profitable companies will borrow less mainly because they have less need to borrow. Corporate spinoffs provide a unique opportunity to investigate the influence of profitability and other asset characteristics on the design of capital structure. In their study of 98 spinoffs over the period 1979–1997, the authors began by investigating the popular argument that managers routinely assign more debt to subsidiaries than parents in order to leave the parents less encumbered—a possibility they reject after finding that the average leverage ratios of the parents and spunoff units were roughly equal. At the same time, the authors reported large differences in the leverage ratios among both parents and spun‐off units, and that the variation was explained primarily by differences in three factors: asset tangibility and the level and variability of cash operating profits. Consistent with the tradeoff theory (but not the pecking order), the study found a significantly positive correlation between a post‐spinoff company's cash profitability and its assigned debt load, as well as a negative correlation between debt and the variability of operating cash flow.
Modeling Two-Dimensional Circulating Flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate some of the difficulties in modeling two-dimensional circulating flow. It is shown that in cases of practical interest the lateral mixing of momentum, which is essential to support the circulation, can arise in computational models from wholly spurious numerical dispersion effects. Laboratory flume measurements of the flow in the wake of a plane obstruction are presented. It is shown that the horizontal velocity profiles across the eddy indicate that the turbulent lateral mixing rate is appropriate to a shear layer mixing rather than to bed-generated turbulence. Criteria for the conditions under which shear layer turbulence dominates are presented. The practical implications for numerical and physical models are reviewed.
Convenient Peptide Synthesis Using Unprotected α-Amino Acids Containing Another Hydrophilic Moiety under Basic Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Carboxylic acids 1 and 7 reacted effectively with unprotected α-amino acids 2 containing another hydrophilic moiety under basic conditions via activation by ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine to afford the corresponding amides in 74–99% yields.
Computational Requirements in Design and Design Certification

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are strong economic incentives and penalties at work which place increasing emphasis on the importance of ensuring the reliability of computed information: On one hand, there are competitive pressures forcing the introduction of new materials and processes, as well as reduction of concept-to-product time; on the other hand the costs of wrong decisions can be extremely high. The key challenge is to improve the reliability of information generated by mathematical models while making advanced computational tools accessible to persons who do not have a high level expertise in the underlying computational technology.
Cicer arietinum L. IG 75550

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cicer arietinum L.
Common name(s): Chickpea
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 75550
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1990
Other identifiers: n/a,ILC 8310
Historical: No
Biological status: Other
MLS status: Included
Applications of optical microscopy in the coal/steel industry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Optical microscopy has gained international acceptance in the coal utilization segments of the steel plant environment. Currently, microscopy plays an important role for resource and economic evaluations, raw material selection and utilization, quality control, plant problem solving, and applied research. The paper summarizes the various applications of optical microscopy from coal exploration through the manufacturing and use of blast furnace coke. The subject material discussed summarizes the benefits of using microscopy for increasing production and improving quality with some case study experiences.
The Conceivable Algorithm For Upgrading The Dvb-T2 Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article is concerned with the issues of the optimisation of the existing digital TV broadcasting networks that do not require any significant expenses. The algorithm of the software complex has been developed enabling one to perform automatic searching of the optimal network configuration. The verification of the prototype of the software complex has been successfully performed. The paper is a continuation of the previous work of authors.
Abstract 4699: Pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals the interactions of SPP1+MMP12+ macrophages with metastasis-initiating cells that drives metastasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Advanced understanding of cancer immunology has contributed to a significant decline in cancer deaths in the past few decades. However, there are still vast majority of patients with no effective response for current immunotherapy drugs because of some innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, promoting all steps of malignant progression to metastasis. Therefore, the development of new strategies against these pro-metastatic non-tumor components in the tumor microenvironment is in need. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs), as the critical component of tumor microenvironment (TME), display diverse and even opposing function phenotypes, but without systematic investigation on their ubiquitous characteristics across different cancer types. Here, we perform pan-cancer analysis on 92 samples across 6 solid cancer types to profile the TME of normal, primary tumor, metastatic lymph node and distant metastasis at single-cell resolution, illustrating the commonalities/plasticity of heterogenous TAMs. We uncover 21 distinct subtypes of TAMs with varying abundance and biological function in different tissue microenvironment, providing evidence for the plasticity of TAMs. In particular, the enrichment of SPP1+MMP12+ macrophages in the TME of lymph node metastasis, likely interacting with metastasis-initiating cells (MICs), is associated with promoting malignant progression to metastasis and survival stratifications. Multi-color immunofluorescence (mIF) staining for relevant markers is being performed in mouse models and clinical samples for comprehensive validation. Our study comprehensively describes the characteristics and dynamics of TAMs and highlights their heterogeneity and plasticity depending on their surrounding microenvironment. Citation Format: Baifeng Zhang, Dora Lai-wan Kwong, Xin-Yuan Guan. Pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals the interactions of SPP1+MMP12+ macrophages with metastasis-initiating cells that drives metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4699.
Nongyrotropic electrons in guide field reconnection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We apply a scalar measure of nongyrotropy to the electron pressure tensor in a 2D particle-in-cell simulation of guide field reconnection and assess the corresponding electron distributions and the forces that account for the nongyrotropy. The scalar measure reveals that the nongyrotropy lies in bands that straddle the electron diffusion region and the separatrices, in the same regions where there are parallel electric fields. Analysis of electron distributions and fields shows that the nongyrotropy along the inflow and outflow separatrices emerges as a result of multiple populations of electrons influenced differently by large and small-scale parallel electric fields and by gradients in the electric field. The relevant parallel electric fields include large-scale potential ramps emanating from the x-line and sub-ion inertial scale bipolar electron holes. Gradients in the perpendicular electric field modify electrons differently depending on their phase, thus producing nongyrotropy. Magnetic flux violation occurs along portions of the separatrices that coincide with the parallel electric fields. An inductive electric field in the electron E × B drift frame thus develops, which has the effect of enhancing nongyrotropies already produced by other mechanisms and under certain conditions producing their own nongyrotropy. Particle tracing of electrons from nongyrotropic populations along the inflows and outflows shows that the striated structure of nongyrotropy corresponds to electrons arriving from different source regions. We also show that the relevant parallel electric fields receive important contributions not only from the nongyrotropic portion of the electron pressure tensor but from electron spatial and temporal inertial terms as well.
FORMULATION OF A SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION FOR «CORPORATE GOVERNANCE» BASED ON THE COGNITIVE METHOD OF TWO-LEVEL TRIADIC DECRYPTION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The concept of corporate governance has been analyzed, and its general and specific characteristics have been identified. The study explores various approaches to defining corporate governance. The first perspective, advocated by international foundations and some defined scholars, views corporate governance as a system of rights and responsibilities. The second perspective considers corporate governance as a set of firm practices. This entails the use of specific strategies and methods to achieve company goals, including decision-making, strategy development, and risk management. The third perspective emphasizes balancing finances, labour, technology, and management to harmonize the interests of various stakeholders and the company. This involves considering the needs of shareholders, employees, clients, and other participants, as well as ensuring mutually beneficial relationships among them. The research results indicate that corporate governance can be approached from different angles, but all are aimed at achieving effective and sustainable company operation. Taking these aspects into account is crucial for successful enterprise activity. The study proposes the use of the triadic decryption method to formulate the definition of corporate governance. Applying this theory allowed for the systematization and generalization of key aspects of this concept, which is an important step in understanding and analyzing the principles and mechanisms of effective corporate governance. By using the triad mutations method, a rearrangement of secondary concepts in the original categorical scheme was made, reflecting the essence of corporate governance constructed as a result of applying the two-tier triadic decryption method. The generalization of three hierarchically structured concepts enabled the formulation of a definition in which corporate governance is considered to be a systematic and planned activity aimed at ensuring balance in the relationships between all participants in this process (owners (shareholders), founders, directors, managers, and other stakeholders). This approach allows enterprises to take a systematic approach to corporate governance and consider its dynamic nature, contributing to further research on the essence and peculiarities of using this concept in modern business practice.
Successful management of pregnancy with dual mechanical heart valves: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incidence of cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy is increasing due to advanced maternal age at first conception and frequent association of comorbid chronic medical conditions. Rheumatic heart diseases comprise 56-89% of all CVDs in pregnancy in non-western countries. Management of pregnant women with mechanical valves is very challenging due to high risk of cardiac and non-cardiac complications either due to heart disease itself or changes in hemodynamics during pregnancy or due to anticoagulant therapy. We presented here a case of a 35-year-old pregnant woman with rheumatic heart disease with dual mechanical (aortic and mitral) valve replacement who was managed successfully by our team of expert clinicians with intensive antepartum surveillance with good obstetric outcome. It is very important for managing clinicians to have necessary information about high-risk cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy along with their management and treatment related feto-maternal complications in order to have optimal feto-maternal outcome.
Advanced Glycosylation End-Products in Diabetic Rats on Peritoneal Dialysis Using Various Solutions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of glucose-based solutions to those of icodextrin with respect to peritoneal transport characteristics and advanced glycosylation end-product (AGE) formation in the peritoneal membrane in a diabetic rat model of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Design Thirty-three male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing between 275 – 300 g were divided into five groups: group C ( n = 6), control rats implanted with a catheter but not dialyzed; group D ( n = 5), diabetic rats implanted with a catheter but not dialyzed; group G ( n = 7), diabetic rats implanted with a catheter and dialyzed with standard 2.5% glucose solution for daytime exchanges and 4.25% glucose solution for overnight exchanges; group H ( n = 8), diabetic rats implanted with a catheter and dialyzed with standard 2.5% glucose solution for daytime exchanges and 7.5% icodextrin solution for overnight exchanges; group I ( n = 7), diabetic rats implanted with a catheter and dialyzed with 7.5% icodextrin solution for all exchanges. Dialysis exchanges (25 mL per exchange) were performed three times daily for a period of 12 weeks. Tissue sections were stained using a monoclonal anti-AGE antibody. One-hour peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) were performed every 4 weeks for comparison of transport characteristics. Results The level of immunostaining was lowest in group C and highest in group G. Significant differences in immunostaining were seen between group C and group G ( p < 0.001), group C and group H ( p = 0.001), and group C and group I ( p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found between group G and group D ( p < 0.05), and between group G and group I ( p < 0.05). Over time, the ratio of glucose concentration after 1 hour to glucose concentration at instillation (D/D 0 ) decreased and the dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) of urea increased. Significant differences in D/D 0 glucose and D/P urea were found between group C and group H (D/D 0 : 0.40 ± 0.01 vs 0.35 ± 0.01, p < 0.05; D/P urea: 0.87 ± 0.03 vs 0.97 ± 0.02, p < 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that AGE formation is lower with the use of peritoneal dialysis solution containing icodextrin than with glucose-based solution. We conclude that use of icodextrin may help to slow the deterioration of the peritoneal membrane, prolonging its use for dialysis.
Luminescence Properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>/Tm<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PbO-GeO<sub>2</sub> System Glasses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The visible and near infrared emission spectra of Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -doped Ga 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -PbO-GeO 2 (GBPG) glasses excited at 808 nm are experimentally investigated. The results reveal that 1.53 µm emission were enhanced with an increase of Er 3+ concentration. Furthermore, the incorporation of Er 3+ into Tm 3+ -doped systems has also resulted in intense 522, 545 and 693nm upconversion emission intensity and an weak 660 nm red emission. The possible mechanism and related discussions on this phenomenon have been presented. The results show that Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped GBPG glass may be a promising materials for developing laser and fiber optical devices.
Noninnocence of Indigo: Dehydroindigo Anions as Bridging Electron-Donor Ligands in Diruthenium Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Complexes of singly or doubly deprotonated indigo (H2Ind) with one or two [Ru(pap)2](2+) fragments (pap = 2-phenylazopyridine) have been characterized experimentally [molecular structure, voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV-vis-near-IR spectroelectrochemistry] and by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The compound [Ru(pap)2(HInd(-))]ClO4 ([1]ClO4) was found to contain an intramolecular NH---O hydrogen bond, whereas [{Ru(pap)2}2(μ-Ind(2-))](ClO4)2 ([2](ClO4)2), isolated as the meso diastereoisomer with near-IR absorptions at 1162 and 991 nm, contains two metals bridged at 6.354 Å distance by the bischelating indigo dianion. The spectroelectrochemical study of multiple reversible reduction and oxidation processes of 2(n) (n = 4+, 3+, 2+, 1+, 0, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-) reveals the stepwise addition of electrons to the terminal π-accepting pap ligands, whereas the oxidations occur predominantly at the anionic indigo ligand, producing an EPR-identified indigo radical intermediate and revealing the suitability of deprotonated indigo as a σ- and π-donating bischelating bridge.
Differential Thermal Analysis of Linear Polyethylene-High Pressure Polyethylene Blends.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential Thermal Analysis of Linear Polyethylene-High Pressure Polyethylene Blends.B. H. ClampittCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 4, 577–579Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60197a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60197a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts