jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Environmental Radiation according to Altitude above Sea Level in National Park

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

본 연구는 국가환경방사선 자동감시망이 설치되지 않은 국립공원의 산악 지역을 대상으로 환경방사선을 측정하였다. 측정 방법은 지표 1m 높이에서 공간선량과 지표면에서의 지표선량을 측정하였다. 국립공원 선정은 중부지역과 남부지역을 같은 분포로 하여 전국에 10곳을 선정하였다. 측정장비는 감마선측정에 활용되는 INTERCEPTOR$^{TM}$(Thermo, USA, 2006)를 사용하였다. 방사선측정은 국립공원 입구와 정상에서는 필수적으로 측정하였고, 그 외 지점은 해발 고도를 500m 단위로 구분하여 탐방객이 많이 다니는 곳에서 측정하였다. 측정횟수는 각 지점에서 2분간 장비를 안정시킨 후 5회 이상 측정하였다. 측정결과, 공간감마선량의 경우 1,000m 이하 국립공원에서는 해발 고도 500m 지점에서 높은 선량이 측정되었다. 그 중 북한산, 계룡산, 월출산에서 $0.23{\mu}Svh^{-1}$ 이상인 것으로 확인되었다. 1,000m 이상의 국립공원에서는 설악산 1,500m 지점에서 $1.77{\mu}Svh^{-1}$로 측정되어 백그라운드 기준 선량보다 10배 이상 증가하였다. 선량에 유의한 변화를 보이지 않은 국립공원은 내장산, 소백산, 지리산으로 확인되었다. 환경방사선량이 낮게 측정된 산은 가야산 정상(1,430m)에서 $0.04{\mu}Svh^{-1}$, 한라산 정상(1,950m)에서 $0.03{\mu}Svh^{-1}$인 것으로 확인되었다. 지표선량 측정에서도 중간 높이인 500m, 1,000m에서 높게 측정되었다. 지각 구성물질의 종류에 따른 측정에서는 암석으로 구성된 국립공원에서 높은 선량으로 조사되었으며, 화산활동이 일어났던 한라산에서는 환경방사선량이 낮게 측정되었다. This study set put to measure the environmental radiation for mountainous regions of National Parks where Integrated Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network is not installed. For the measurement method, the space dose was classified at 1 meter high from the surface and the index dose at the surface. The measured radiation energy measured gamma, alpha and beta rays. For selection of national parks, we selected 10 national parks which are within the same distribution in the southern part and central part of the nation. For measurement equipment, INTERCEPTOR$^{TM}$(Thermo, USA, 2006) was used for gamma rays. As for the results of the measurements, for the space gamma dose, a high level was measured at a sea level of 500 meter in national parks with an altitude of less than 1,000 meter. It was found that the value was more than $0.23{\mu}Svh^{-1}$ especially in Bukhan Mountain, Gyeryong Mountain and Wolchul Mountain. In national parks with an altitude of more than 1,000 meter, $1.77{\mu}Svh^{-1}$ was measured at 1,500 meter at Seorak Mountain. Therefore, this is 10 times greater than the background standard dose. The national parks were there were no significant changes in dose were Naejang Mountain, Sobaek and Jiri Mountains. For the measurement of the index dose, a high dose level was measured at middle altitudes of 500 meter and 1,000 meter. For measurement according to the composition types of crust, high doses were recorded at national parks composed of rocks and a lower environmental radiation level was measured at Hanra Mountain where volcanic activities have occurred.
Breeding Range Extension of the Lark Sparrow Into West-Central Manitoba

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Manitoba the Lark Sparrow is known to breed in the southern por¬ tion of the province to about 50° N latitude.Breeding records have been reported for Oak Lake, Treesbank and Winnipeg13 and more recently for the Carberry-Shilo area (Table 1).From 1971 to 1984 Lark Sparrow sightings and nestings were record¬ ed north of their previously known breeding range, by the author and other naturalists at Birtle, Dauphin and in Riding Mountain National Park.The breeding records extend the formerly known breeding range of the species approximately 125 km north in the province (Fig. 1).
Parallel Constrained Delaunay Meshing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a parallel unstructured grid generation method based on the Constrained Delaunay Triangulation (CDT). The Parallel Constrained Meshing Algorithm uses certain edges of the initial mesh as constraints that, without compromising the grid quality, help in the minimization of communication overhead and in the elimination of the synchronization overhead. By combining the CDT and its datacentric task-parallel implementation we produce a meshing algorithm that requires almost no synchronization. Moreover, experiments show that the use of the CDT for meshing cuts communication time by a factor of about seven when compared to a similar meshing algorithm that does not use the CDT.
Islamization of Economics: Concept and Plan تحقيق إسلامية علم الاقتصاد : المفهوم والمنهج

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Is it possible to establish an «Islamic» economics? Does that imply a denial of the existence of universal economic regularities «laws» that are valid across different social systems? This papers probes these two questions and demonstrates that: (a) Even though a science is generally identified by the positive (descriptive) statements it is able to establish, there are nonetheless basic aspects of each science (particularly social sciences such as economics) that had to be based on prior «values». (b) Even though textual sources of Islamic shariah (law) have largely normative content, they nonetheless contain significant positive assertions about economic life. Traditional economics may thus be Islamized when: (a) these inescapably normative aspects in it are replaced by Islamic ones, and (b) one adds to the traditional economics positive assertions those Islamic assertions that are stated or implied by shariah. The paper also examines the relation of Islamic economics to fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and discusses a plan for Islamizing economics. هل يمكن أن ينشأ علم اقتصاد يصح وصفه بأنه إسلامي؟ وهل يعني ذلك إنكار وجود سنن ( قوانين ) اقتصادية عالمية شاملة لجميع النظم الاجتماعية؟ يسعى البحث للإجارة المتعمقة عن هذين السؤالين من خلال : أ‌) بيان أنه على الرغم من أن العلم عموماً يتميز بمقولاته الوصفية أي (القوانين) التي يتوصل إليها، إلا أن هناك جوانب أساسية من كل علم (وبخاصة العلوم الاجتماعية ومنها الاقتصاد) لا مفر لأي باحث أن يستند فيها لقيم سابقة. ب‌)أن نصوص الشريعة الإسلامية على الرغم من أنها أساساً مصدر للقيم لكنها كثيراً ما تنطوي على مقولات وصفية عن الحياة الاقتصادية. فإذا استبدلنا بالقيم التي لا بد أن يستند إليها علم الاقتصاد ( المذكورة في: أ) قيما إسلامية، وأضفنا إلى المقولات الوضعية التي توصل إليها هذا العلم حتى الآن المقولات المذكورة في (ب)، يمكننا حينئذ أن ننشئ علم اقتصاد إسلامي. كما يوضح البحث العلاقة بين علم الاقتصاد الإسلامي والفقه ويناقش خطة عمل مقترحة لتحقيق إسلامية علم الاقتصاد.
Source Verification for Speech Deepfakes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the proliferation of speech deepfake generators, it becomes crucial not only to assess the authenticity of synthetic audio but also to trace its origin. While source attribution models attempt to address this challenge, they often struggle in open-set conditions against unseen generators. In this paper, we introduce the source verification task, which, inspired by speaker verification, determines whether a test track was produced using the same model as a set of reference signals. Our approach leverages embeddings from a classifier trained for source attribution, computing distance scores between tracks to assess whether they originate from the same source. We evaluate multiple models across diverse scenarios, analyzing the impact of speaker diversity, language mismatch, and post-processing operations. This work provides the first exploration of source verification, highlighting its potential and vulnerabilities, and offers insights for real-world forensic applications.
Navigating the Complexities of Agile Transformations in Large Organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As agile methodologies continue to gain traction in the business world, organizations of all sizes are embracing these principles to enhance efficiency, responsiveness, and innovation. However, scaling agile practices to large, complex organizations presents unique challenges that necessitate adaptations to maintain the core values of flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development. This chapter delves into the intricacies of scaling agile methodologies within large enterprises. It traces the evolution of agile from small-scale projects to its current applications in multinational corporations, highlighting the scaling challenges faced by industry giants like ABB, DaimlerChrysler, Motorola, and Nokia. Particular attention is given to frameworks specifically designed for large-scale agile implementations, such as the scaled agile framework (SAFe), large-scale scrum (LeSS), and disciplined agile delivery (DAD). These frameworks are examined for their approaches to handling massive agile projects.
Positioning in Turbulent Times: Ottoman Intellectuals and the South African War (1899–1902)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The South African War of 1899−1902, between Great Britain and the Boer states, marked by British victory, garnered extensive international attention, thus offering a compelling case study on the influence of modern propaganda globally. European and American audiences closely monitored the conflict between the 'mighty' British Empire and the 'little white Christians'. Employing critical analysis, this article scrutinises Ottoman intellectuals' pro-British propaganda and their stance on the war. Utilising sources like Young Turk publications and memoirs, particularly focusing on Ismail Kemal Vlora's work 'The Question of Transvaal' (1900), it sheds light on their efforts to legitimise British imperialism in South Africa and beyond. Vlora played a pivotal role in leading the Anglophile faction amongst Ottoman statesmen and intelligentsia and his writings offer crucial insights into their perspectives. This study aims to comprehend the views of Anglophile Ottoman intellectuals on colonialism, imperialism, and civilisation, alongside their advocacy for Britain. Centred on Ottoman perspectives of the war, with supplementary attention to colonial South African history, this research unveils how and why the Southern African conflict impacted Ottoman intelligentsia. This study is embedded within the broader context of the South African War's substantial international ramifications, emphasising its relevance to global historical discourse.
Advances of the WITY system: yeast performance evaluation during the production of sweet wine using Mavrodafni and Carbarnet sauvignon.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The production of sweet wine from the Mavrodafni and Cabernet sauvignon varieties was explored. External inoculation with oenological yeast strains was employed. The performance of the two yeast strains were studied under batch and continuous mode and in free and immobilised states. The kinetics of the different carbohydrates was studied and the main oenological parameters were measured.
Proteomic characterization of stress responses activated upon ischemia and reperfusion during human liver transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During liver transplantation, donor organs experience some degree of cold ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The magnitude of this preservation injury is critical for transplantation outcome since it influences the allograft early function. However, the multifactorial and complex cellular response initiated upon IRI remains unclear. Herein, we used liver biopsies collected during the early phases of organ procurement and transplantation to characterize the global patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation in order to identify new regulatory mechanisms involved in ischemia-induced graft damage.
Biochemical Characteristics and Antimicrobials Susceptibility of Salmonella gallinarum Isolated in Korea

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Fowl typhoid (FT) reported since 1992 in Korea is a septicemic disease of domestic birds caused by Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum). The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of field isolates of S. gallinarum isolated by year in Korea. A total of 258 isolates of S. gallinarum from 1995 to 2001 showed the same pattern in the majority of biochemical test such as IMViC (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and citrate utilization), carbohydrate fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation, and these results were almost in accordance with the traditional biochemical characteristics of S. gallinarum strain. When the antimicrobial susceptibility test against 258 isolates of S. gallinarum was performed by the disk diffusion method using 12 antimicrobial agents, all isolates from 1995 appeared to be susceptible to all of the antimicrobial agents tested except for tetracycline and oxytetracycline, whereas the vast majority of isolates from 2001 showed the reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (13.0%), gentamicin (43.4%), kanamycin (69.6%), enrofloxacin (6.5%), ciprofloxacin (10.9%), norfloxacin (52.5%) and ofloxacin (82. 6%). The prevalence of the prevalence of completely resistant isolates resistant isolates to one or more drugs rapidly increased from 0% in 1995 to 93.5% in 2001. The minimal concentrations range of the majority of antimicrobial agents to inhibit 50% (MIC50s) against S. gallinarum isolates increased from 0.06 approximately 8 microg/ml in 1997 to 2 approximately 256 microg/ml in 2001. Especially, MIC50s for gentamicin and fluoroquinolones of isolates from 2001 increased over 10-fold than those of isolates from 1997. Therefore, our results indicate that sorbitol fermentation and arginine decarboxylation showed the diversity by isolates and the vast majority of isolates from 2001 showed the reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials tested.
Screening of Maize Genotypes against Southern Leaf Blight ( Bipolaris m aydis ) during Summer Season in Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted from 29 March 2014 to 27 July 2014 at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa, Rupandehi with the objective of screening 13 maize genotypes against southern leaf blight caused by Bipolaris maydis. Field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Disease scoring was done as percentage of leaf area infected on individual plant at 5 days intervals starting from 63 days after sowing, for 3 times, and disease severity and mean AUDPC were calculated and yield was recorded. Among the tested genotypes, disease severity varies significantly. Disease symptoms appeared first in Yellow Popcorn, 64.00 days after sowing (DAS) with the highest severity and at last in RML-32/RML-17 (79.00 DAS) with the least score in field. The 13 genotypes differed significantly in mean AUDPC values. RML-32/RML-17 (AUDPC value 5.90) appeared most resistant, followed by RML-4/RML-17 (AUDPC value 11.50), while Yellow Popcorn (AUDPC value 71.99) was most susceptible among the tested genotypes. Highest maize yield (3.43 metric ton ha-1) was also recorded on RML-32/RML-17 and least (0.75 metric ton ha-1) on Yellow Popcorn. Maximum SPAD value above cob was recorded in RML-4/RML-17 (45.62) followed by S03TLYQ-AB-01 (44.88) while minimum in Yellow popcorn (30.60). So, Yellow popcorn has the highest (3.16) and RML-32/RML-17 (0.08) lowest total AUDPC above cob. Similarly maximum SPAD value below cob was recorded in RML-4/RML-17 (44.37), while minimum in Yellow popcorn (28.82). So, Yellow popcorn has the highest (8.75) and RML-32/RML-17 (0.41) has lowest total AUDPC below cob. The genotypes RML-4/RML-17 and RML-32/RML-17 appeared resistant to SLB with maximum yield. These genotypes could be used as the sources of resistance in breeding program and could be developed to resistant varieties grown under tropical and subtropical climatic conditions during summer season. The genotype Yellow popcorn being highly susceptible to SLB with a maximum mean AUDPC and minimum yield, can be used as susceptible check for breeding purpose and different varietal screening.
Assessing Dimensionality by Maximizing H Coefficient–Based Objective Functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Mokken scale analysis can be used for scaling under nonparametric item response theory models. The results may, however, not reflect the underlying dimensionality of data. Various features of Mokken scale analysis—the H coefficient, Mokken scale conditions, and algorithms—may explain this result. In this article, three new H-based objective functions with slight reformulations of Mokken scale analysis in the unidimensional and multidimensional cases are introduced. Deterministic and stochastic nonhierarchical clustering algorithms reduced the probability of obtaining suboptimal solutions. A simulation study investigated whether these methods can determine the dimensionality structure of data sets that vary with respect to item discrimination, item difficulty, number of items per trait, and numbers of observations per test. Furthermore, it was investigated whether deterministic and stochastic algorithms can generate approximately global optimal solutions. The method based on the average within-scale H i combined with a stochastic nonhierarchical clustering algorithm was the most successful in dimensionality assessment.
A stability test for migration matrix models of genetic differentiation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extracting electrons and ions from an ultracold plasma provides an entirely new way of generating charged-particle beams, which has the potential for advancing the state-of-the-art in beam brightness by orders of magnitude. This may have far-ranging implications for applications as diverse as time-resolved sub-picosecond electron microscopy, x-ray free electron lasers, and nanometer ion beam milling. In this talk I will dwell on a few of the exciting prospects for both science and industry and I will present experimental results of the first ultracold electron and ion beams, which were recently obtained at Eindhoven University.
A comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic interactions and the three-body spectator equations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a general derivation the three-body spectator (Gross) equations and the corresponding electromagnetic currents. As in previous paper on two-body systems, the wave equations and currents are derived from those for Bethe-Salpeter equation with the help of algebraic method using a concise matrix notation. The three-body interactions and currents introduced by the transition to the spectator approach are isolated and the matrix elements of the e.m. current are presented in detail for system of three indistinguishable particles, namely for elastic scattering and for two and three body break-up. The general expressions are reduced to the one-boson-exchange approximation to make contact with previous work. The method is general in that it does not rely on introduction of the electromagnetic interaction with the help of the minimal replacement. It would therefore work also for other external fields.
Pre-launch Absolute Radiometric Calibration of LANDSAT-4 Protoflight Thematic Mapper

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Results are summarized and analyzed from several prelaunch tests with a 122 cm integrating sphere used as part of the absolute radiometric calibration experiments for the protoflight TM sensor carried on the LANDSAT-4 satellite. The calibration procedure is presented and the radiometric sensitivity of the TM is assessed. The internal calibrator and dynamic range after calibration are considered. Tables show dynamic range after ground processing, spectral radiance to digital number and digital number to spectral radiance values for TM bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and for channel 4 of band 6.
Cutaneous Porphyrias in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In China, 78 cases of cutaneous porphyrias, together with 67 cases reported by other clinicians from 1979 to 1990, were reviewed. Of a total of 145 cases, 75.2% were EPP (109 cases), but only 28 cases (19.3%) were PCT. This prevalence differs from that in other parts of the world. The article discussed this disparity and some notable points. Early diagnosis of EPP using the fluorescence microscopic test for determination of RBC protoporphyrin is important. The complication of hepatobiliary aspects in PCT and EPP was noticed. Liver disease seems to be an important precipitating factor in China.
Supplementary Data from Bioinformatically Expanded Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis Optimizes Identification of Therapeutically Relevant <i>MET</i> Copy Number Alterations in >50,000 Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Bioinformatically Expanded Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis Optimizes Identification of Therapeutically Relevant <i>MET</i> Copy Number Alterations in >50,000 Tumors
Use of teams in technical services in academic libraries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A review of library literature shows a general trend of technical services in academic libraries to reorganize into teams. This paper analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 2010 in order to answer four research questions: how extensively technical services in academic libraries have moved into the use of teams in organizational structures; how extensively technical services in academic libraries have done training related to teams; what team characteristics are demonstrated by teams in technical services in academic libraries; and how the effectiveness of teams is perceived by staff and faculty who work in technical services in academic libraries.
Seasonal Dynamics of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) in Port Everglades, FL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) populations were surveyed from 2002-2005 in Port Everglades, Florida. An average of 78 birds/yr were sighted. The Upper-harbor, Midharbor and Dania Canal regions accounted for 77% of all sightings. Seventy one percent of the birds observed were perched. The mean number males and females in 2005 was 61 (64%) and 10 (10%), respectively. We were able to individually identify 31% of all birds photographed. There were monthly differences in the number of osprey sighted, suggesting that both migratory and residential osprey utilize Port Everglades. Sightings were most numerous in October and November and decreased in April and May, suggesting osprey use Port Everglades as a wintering location between October and March. Osprey were seen most frequently in red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) trees, most frequently during low tide and when water clarity was between 164-255 cm. During osprey breeding season elsewhere in Florida, there were no active nests identified in Port Everglades, implying that the study area was used primarily for foraging or resting. Birds sighted during the breeding months were most likely non-breeding subadults.
Cicer arietinum INCCP_00333

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cicer arietinum
Common name(s): Chickpea
Other names: Desi
Conserved by: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche (D3A-UNIVPM), Italy
Local sample unique identifier: INCCP_00333
Method of creation: In-house variant
Date: 2018
Other identifiers: n/a,AN_Ca_0460
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Imprint of a brief for defendant in case of A.S. Miller vs. A.M. Clements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

HARWOOD, F.M. Imprint (1875) in Supreme Court of Texas, A.S. Miller et al vs. A.M. Clements et al, Brief for Defendant ??? error. Harwood and Winston Attorneys for defendant in ??? rare legal pamphlet on errors in cases against????. Harwood was attorney ??? of the ???? Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railroad. ???? was named in his honor.