jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P4‐052: IMMUNOPRECIPITATION‐MASS SPECTROMETRY (IP‐MS) FOR PLASMA AMYLOID‐β CAN BE CONDUCTED WITH SEVERAL KINDS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used to detect amyloid-ß (Aβ) peptides in human plasma. We discovered that APP669-711/Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratios can serve as biomarkers for estimating Aβ deposition in the brain. Furthermore, the composite biomarker of APP669-711/Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 showed higher accuracy validated by using two independent data sets of subjects from Japan and Australia. To enrich those Aβ peptides, a monoclonal antibody 6E10 has been used for immunoprecipitation. We tested whether several kinds of antibodies other than 6E10 could also bind Aβ peptides and confirmed if the analytical system is practicable or not. In addition to 6E10, a commercially available antibody 4G8 and a uniquely prepared monoclonal antibody were directly coupled to magnetic beads. Immunoprecipitation was carried out using these antibody beads. Isolated and enriched Aβ peptides were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Biomarker peptides Aß1-40, Aß1-42, and APP669-711 were detected in plasma samples using all of the three cloned antibodies, though there was a difference in sensitivity. This sensitivity difference is likely caused by different binding affinities between the antibodies and Aß peptides or antibody orientations on the magnetic beads. Further evaluation of quantitative properties is warranted. Newly assessed anti-Aß antibodies were applicable to immunoprecipitation of the biomarker peptides. Our IP-MS Aß detection system is not limited to a particular clone of antibody and thus has robustness.
Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Drought events are increasing globally, and reports of consequent forest mortality are widespread. However, due to a lack of a quantitative global synthesis, it is still not clear whether drought‐induced mortality rates differ among global biomes and whether functional traits influence the risk of drought‐induced mortality. To address these uncertainties, we performed a global meta‐analysis of 58 studies of drought‐induced forest mortality. Mortality rates were modelled as a function of drought, temperature, biomes, phylogenetic and functional groups and functional traits. We identified a consistent global‐scale response, where mortality increased with drought severity [log mortality (trees trees −1 year −1 ) increased 0.46 (95% CI = 0.2–0.7) with one SPEI unit drought intensity]. We found no significant differences in the magnitude of the response depending on forest biomes or between angiosperms and gymnosperms or evergreen and deciduous tree species. Functional traits explained some of the variation in drought responses between species (i.e. increased from 30 to 37% when wood density and specific leaf area were included). Tree species with denser wood and lower specific leaf area showed lower mortality responses. Our results illustrate the value of functional traits for understanding patterns of drought‐induced tree mortality and suggest that mortality could become increasingly widespread in the future.
Cocaine-Induced Oronasal Fistulas with External Nasal Erosion but without Palate Involvement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of chronic cocaine abuse have been widely described in the literature. Common complications include nasal septal perforation, saddle-nose deformity, and palatal perforation. Erosion of the external structures of the face has not been as extensively described, nor have oronasal fistulas that involve structures other than the hard or soft palate. In this article, we present the first reported case of cocaine-induced external nasal erosion that included multiple oronasal fistulas in the anterior gingival sulcus but did not involve the hard or soft palate. We stress the importance of a thorough history in such patients and consideration of all possible diagnoses, including drug abuse.
Mechanistic Links in Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

*Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit †Department of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, St Mary's of Michigan and Midwestern Surgical Associates, Saginaw, MI. Reprints: Jeffry L. Kashuk, MD, Department of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, St Mary's of Michigan and Midwestern Surgical Associates, 999 Washington #2, Saginaw, MI 48602. E-mail: [email protected].
Craft Capitalism: Craftworkers and Early Industrialization in Hamilton, Ontario, 1840-1872. By Robert B. Kristofferson. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. x + 326 p., tab., notes, bibl., index. isbn 0-8020-9408-2 29.95 $)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Craft Capitalism: Craftworkers and Early Industrialization in Hamilton, Ontario, 1840-1872. By Robert B. Kristofferson. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. x + 326 p., tab., notes, bibl., index. isbn 0-8020-9408-2 29.95 $). Un article de la revue Scientia Canadensis (Volume 32, numéro 2, 2009, p. 1-119) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Content Analysis of Food Advertisements on TV Channels in Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Childhood obesity is an important public health problem and rising.The spread of unhealthy food advertisements (ads) in media may contribute to obesity.This study aims to perform a content analysis of food ads on TV channels in Turkey. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 6 TV channels with the highest ratings according to the Television Monitoring Surveys Joint Stock Company 2016 data.Primetime (PT, 20:00-23:00 and off prime time (OPT, 17:00-19:59) time slots were taken into consideration for data collection.The data was collected between October 13-19, 2017.For standardization, food groupings were based on previously published literature and the Turkey Specific Food and Nutrition Guide.Frequencies and percentages are given for descriptive statistics and chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.Results: A total of 2740 food ads were evaluated.1.732 (63.2%) of them were found to be unhealthy, only 124 (4.5%) were healthy and 884 (32.3%) were other types of food ads.There were more unhealthy food ads in the OPT period (65.5%) than the PT period (60.2%) (p=0.005).The most commonly advertised unhealthy food ads were cakes, cookies, and biscuits.Unhealthy drink ads were coke, carbonated beverages, and aroma sodas.Conclusion: Two of 3 food ads on Turkish TVs are unhealthy.Any child will be exposed to an average of 96 unhealthy food ads per week in case of only 2 hours of TV viewing per day. ÖzGiriş: Çocukluk çağı obezitesi önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur ve giderek artmaktadır.Medyada sağlıksız gıda reklamlarının yaygınlaşması obeziteye katkıda bulunabilmektedir.Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki televizyon kanallarında yayımlanan gıda reklamlarının içerik analizini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır.
CT colonography: Does improvedzresolution help computer-aided polyp detection?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multislice helical CT offers several retrospective choices of longitudinal (z) resolution at a given detector collimation setting. We sought to determine the effect of z resolution on the performance of a computer-aided colonic polyp detector, since a human reader and a computer-aided polyp detector may have optimal performances at different z resolutions. We ran a computer-aided polyp detection algorithm on phantom data sets as well as data obtained from a single patient. All data were reconstructed at various slice thicknesses ranging from 1.25 to 10 mm. We studied the performance of the detector at various ranges of polyp sizes using free-response receiver-operating characteristic analyses. We also studied contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) as a function of slice thickness and polyp size. For the phantom data, reducing the slice thickness from 5 to 1.25 mm improves sensitivity from 84.5% to 98.3% (all polyps), from 61.4% to 95.5% (polyps in the range [0, 5) mm) and from 97.7% to 100% (polyps in the range [5, 10) mm) at a false positive rate of 20 per data set. For polyps larger than 10 mm, there is no significant improvement in detection sensitivity when slice thickness is reduced. CNRs showed expected behavior with slice thickness and polyp size, but in all cases remained high (> 4). The results for the patient data followed similar patterns to that of the phantom case. Thus we conclude that for this detector, the optimal slice thickness is dependent upon the size of the smallest polyps to be detected. For detection of polyps 10 mm and larger, reconstruction of 5 mm sections may be sufficient. Further study is required to generalize these results to a broader population of patients scanned on different scanners.
Thymectomy in myasthenia with pure ocular symptoms.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighteen patients with exclusively ocular symptoms of myasthenia were thymectomised. Suspected thymoma, resistance to pyridostigmine therapy or relapse following immunosuppressive therapy were taken as indications for surgery. The mean preoperative observation period before operation was 40 months, and after operation was 26 months. There was no operative or postoperative morbidity or mortality. Histological thymic abnormalities were found in all patients (in one case, thymoma; in four, persistent thymus; in 13, thymic hyperplasia). The histological abnormalities were identical to those found in generalised myasthenia. This included the distribution of T-cell subtypes as identified by use of monoclonal antibodies. The severity of ocular symptoms was rated using a score developed for this purpose. The score progressively declined after surgery to an average of 70% of its initial amount in 80% of patients. Full remission occurred in three cases. No patient developed generalized myasthenia. Antibody titres against acetylcholine receptors if elevated preoperatively also dropped following surgery, with one exception. Clear criteria for the expected therapeutic success of thymectomy could not be identified. Based on our results, and on the assumed significance of the thymus gland for pathogenesis, thymectomy should be considered in patients with pure ocular symptoms.
ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM-SILICATE-HYDRATES ON THE TOBERMORITE FORMATION PROCESS BY ULTRA SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

放射光X線散乱とラボラトリーにおけるX線散乱のプロフィールを統合して、超小角領域から広角領域を統一的に解釈できる解析モデルを構築した。この解析手段を用いて、トバモライト生成過程において生成するC-S-Hの構造とトバモライト結晶化の関係を検討した。ディスク状粒子あるいはロッド状粒子が質量フラクタル構造を形成していると仮定したフィッティングモデルを用いて、幅広い領域における散乱プロフィールを再現できた。ここで、X線散乱解析で得られた等価球半径（Re）と29Si固体NMR解析から算出されたC-S-HのSi四面体鎖の平均鎖長が対応しているという興味ある事実が得られた。ミクロおよびマクロなC-S-H構造が、トバモライトの結晶化へ強く影響していることが示唆された。
Effect of date of sowing and plant density on the progress of powdery mildew of pea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi DC ex Saint Amans) of pea (Pisum sativum L.), incited by fungus is an important limiting factor in its cultivation in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. The field experiments were conducted during the winter season of 2004–05 to elucidate the effect of different sowing dates and planting densities on disease and yield of garden pea. The mid October sown crop despite of having maximum disease severity resulted in minimum apparent infection rate and highest yield of green pods, however, late november sown crop escaped the disease to a considerable extent but it also gave minimum green pod yield. Treatments having plant to plant spacing of 22.5 cm with row to row spacing of 60, 45 and 30 cm resulted in minimum mean disease severity and apparent infection rate, however, there was no significant difference in the pod yield per plot in different plant densities.
A review on the huntsman spider genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) in Iran with description of four new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four new species of the huntsman spider genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 are described from Iran: S. aratta spec. nov. (female) from Jebal Barez mountains in Kerman Province, S. iranomaximus spec. nov. (male, female) from Khofash cave in Ilam Province, S. manesht spec. nov. (female) from Manesht mountain in Ilam and S. zagros spec. nov. (male, female) from Kenesht cave, Kermanshah Province. We present an extended diagnosis for the genus and information on the natural history of the new species. This is the first record of the subfamily Heteropodinae in Iran. Females of S. iranomaximus spec. nov. are larger than any spider ever found in the Middle East. All the species occurred in caves and rock crevices of the Zagros mountain range in Iran. According to the geographical distribution of currently known Spariolenus species, palaeontology perspectives and geological history of the area an evolutionary scenario of speciation associated with Zagros orogeny is proposed.
Supplementary Material - Longitudinal Relationship Between Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Older Adults: A Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material for Longitudinal Relationship Between Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Older Adults: A Prospective Study by Xinxin Zhao, Qi Chen, Liang Zheng, Longbing. Ren, Yinghong Zhai, Jue Li, and Jia He in Journal of Applied Gerontology
Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets in the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on emerging market real exchange rates using a Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate approach augmented by pandemic variables. We show that behavioral factors related to Covid-19 played a significant role in explaining the behavior of emerging market real exchange rates during the first wave of the pandemic. The real exchange rates were driven by the number of new Covid-19 deaths rather than by the number of new infections. These results are robust for different country samples.
Compact FPGA-based systolic array architecture suitable for vision systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motion estimation is a very computational demanding operation during video compression process in standards such as MPEG4, thus special hardware architectures are required to achieve real-time compression performance. The present work focuses on the development of a reconfigurable systolic-based architecture implementing the Full Search Block Matching Algorithm (FBMA) which is highly computing-intensive and requires a large bandwidth to obtain real-time performance. The architecture comprises a smart memory scheme to reduce the number of accesses to data memory and Router elements to handle data movement among different structures inside the same architecture, adding the possibility of chaining interconnection of multiple processing blocks. Every Processing Element (PE) in the array includes a double ALU in order to search multiple macroblocks in parallel. The functionality has been extended to support operations involved in some other low-level image algorithms. Results show that a peak performance in the order of 9 GOPS can be achieved.
Isolation and analysis of rhlC and rhlR from rhamnolipid producing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S5

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rhamnolipids are biomolecules with a huge potential in leading global surfactant
market, which find applications in various kind of industry in demand for
emulsifying and solubilizing agent including food industry, pharmaceutical industry, and
petroleum industry. Rhamnolipids are being majorly produced by microorganism,
particularly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aims to test rhamnolipid production in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S5 and to analyze the genes involve for the rhamnolipids
biosynthesis which are rhlC and rhlR that code for rhamnosyltransferase 2 and transcription
regulator respectively. Qualitative test on cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide agar and
quantitative tests by emulsification index valued 37.44 %, display capabilities of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa strain S5 in producing rhamnolipid. In molecular detection of rhamnolipid
production, BLAST result shows high similarity between both rhlC and rhlR sequences, and
sequence available in database. The information from the gene analysis could facilitate
the understanding on the rhamnolipid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S5,
hence can be further used in genetic modulation in order to meet future
prospects.
EDITORIAL Vaginal mesh grafts and the Food and Drug Administration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of mesh grafts for the adjunctive therapy of pelvic organ prolapse and stress incontinence has become commonplace among those surgeons treating these conditions. This change from the exclusive use of native tissue for prolapse repair utilizing sutures to the current use of mesh in many such surgeries, including primary surgeries even with prolapse not to the hymenal ring and asymptomatic as far as the patient is concerned, has occurred by and large with little evidence-based medicine. Graft usage continues despite recommendations from international societies and other authorities that there is no evidence to suggest mesh should be used in all prolapse surgeries [1, 2] and particularly primary surgeries. Unfortunately, disastrous results which are not treatable by any means are sometimes seen. Recent studies report an 88 % and 81 % anatomical cure rate for cystocele repair without mesh [3, 4] and the literature shows anatomical cure rates from 37 % to 100% [5]. When standard surgery has been compared to surgery utilizing mesh, either non-statistically significant differences are found [6] or a significant difference for anatomical correction, but a non-significant difference in the quality of life questionnaire results [7]. A Cochrane Review in 2007 found no level I evidence to support the use of mesh for the repair of any vaginal compartment [8]. Polypropylene meshes differ in the way the fibers are arranged in the mesh. Typically they are described as
[Results of the treatment of children with brain neoplasms. I. Survival of children and cause of death].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a group of 146 children aged from 8 months to 16 years treated for brain neoplasms the authors analysed the therapeutic results. Excluding the so called operative losses the survival over 4 years was obtained in one-fourth of patients with medulloblastoma, in over one-third of those with ependymoma, one-half of astrocytoma cases, and over one-third of children with other neoplasms. The authors estimate positively the therapeutic methods used (operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by Bloom's schedule) and see the possibility of increasing the survival rate by improvement in the diagnosis of brain tumours in children and by optimalization of treatment, especially in its early period, for reducing the number of operative losses.
Three stained glass sets in the Collegium Maius collection on permanent exhibition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals with three sets of stained glass in the collection of the Jagiellonian University Museum. They are presented in the context of the permanent exhibition of mediaeval sculpture created in the Collegium Maius. The set of Silesian stained glass is subject to study under an NCN grant is the main subject. The theme concerning this set of stained glass is developed in the accompanying article of Elżbieta Gajewska-Prorok.
Some aspects concerning the patients′ rehabilitation after total hip artroplasty

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The objective of the article is to reports on the quality of rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty by measuring the parameters of joint mobility of the hip in abduction. extension and flexion, at 2, 4 and 6 weeks in which recovery exercises proposed by the physiotherapist were performed. Material and method Joint mobility was measured by active (AROM) and passive (PROM) range of motion during abduction, extension and flexion of hip joint using a digital dynamometer called "Active Force 2". For the assessment of patients health status from a functional point of view, the WOMAC index (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) was used. Results The experimental data acquired in the measurement of hip AROM and hip PROM during abduction, extension and flexion at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of exercises performed after total hip arthroplasty are presented. Conclusions The reported values can be used as indicators showing a better functional recovery of patients after total hip arthroplasty.
Improvement of Minority Carrier Lifetime by HCN Treatments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a method of improving minority carrier lifetime by use of HCN treatments. Metal contaminants, Fe, Ni, and Cu, are introduced during slicing Si ingots to produce Si wafers, and also during alkaline etching processes for removal of a damaged layer and formation of mat-textured surfaces. The concentrations of metal contaminants are greatly decreased by cleaning with HCN solutions having pH of 12, while they are decreased only slightly by pH 9 HCN solutions. Two kinds of metal contaminants, i.e., contaminants present deeply in saw damaged regions and on the surface due to re-adsorption during alkaline etching, can be removed by pH 12 HCN solutions while only the latter can be by pH 9 HCN solutions. The minority carrier lifetime is increased by removal of a damaged layer by alkaline etching but decreased below that of as-sliced wafers after formation of mat-textured surfaces. The lifetime is increased by the HCN treatment and it is attributed to i) removal of metal contaminants and ii) passivation of interface states by the formation of Si-CN bonds from Si dangling bonds.
Figs. 474–477. Centrina sawpit, new species. 474. Left male palp, ventral view. 475. Same, retrolateral view. 476. Epigynum, ventral view. 477 in A Relimitation And Revision Of The Australasian Ground Spider Family Lamponidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figs. 474–477. Centrina sawpit, new species. 474. Left male palp, ventral view. 475. Same, retrolateral view. 476. Epigynum, ventral view. 477. Same, dorsal view.