jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urine biomarkers enable pancreatic cancer detection up to 2 years before diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mainly attributed to late diagnosis. We assessed the predictive performance of our previously reported urine biomarker panel for earlier detection of PDAC (LYVE1, REG1B and TFF1) in prediagnostic samples, alone and in combination with plasma CA19‐9. This nested case‐control study included 99 PDAC cases with urine samples prospectively collected up to 5 years prior to PDAC diagnosis and 198 matched controls. The samples were obtained from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), the Shanghai Men's Health Studies (SMHS) and the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). The urine biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Plasma CA19‐9 was quantified by Luminex. Multiple logistic regression and Wilcoxon rank‐sum and Mann‐Whitney test were used for analysis. The internal validation approach was applied and the validated AUC estimators are reported on. The algorithm of urinary protein panel, urine creatinine and age named PancRISK, displayed similar AUC as CA19‐9 up to 1 year before PDAC diagnosis (AUC = 0.79); however, the combination enhanced the AUCs to 0.89, and showed good discriminative ability (AUC = 0.77) up to 2 years. The combination showed sensitivity (SN) of 72% at 90% specificity (SP), and SP of 59% at 90% SN up to 1 year and 60% SN with 80% SP and 53% SP with 80% SN up to 2 years before PDAC diagnosis. Adding the clinical information on BMI value resulted in the overall improvement in performance of the PancRISK score. When combined with CA19‐9, the urinary panel reached a workable model for detecting PDAC cases up to 2 years prior to diagnosis.
A study on the variability of a cognitive approach to teaching articles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the effectiveness of a cognitive linguistic approach to teaching the English article system to Korean college students. The system was developed and tested as a brief pedagogical unit (1.5 weeks) in a first-year college English course. Students completed a fill-in-the-blank pretest before the unit was taught, followed a similar posttest. Students showed some significant improvement in response accuracy on the posttest results, particularly with definite and zero-article noun phrases. The pretest and posttest data also allowed for examination of particular semantic, syntactic and lexical factors involved in learners’ article difficulties, such as noun phrase types, lexical frequency, and semantic concreteness effects, and several such factors were found to influence students’ accuracy rates. Implications for pedagogy are then discussed.
Scoring the Invisible

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scoring the Invisible is a final year project that explores the relationship between graphical notations, the musician, my performance and surroundings through the language of graphical scores and notations, peeling back the layers which make every live performance unique. The production process captures and unravels the ephemeral, liminal moments found in 12 live music performances, 12 locations and 12 time periods, reproducing and transcribing the experience through art scores.
Two New Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of Lantana camara Linn.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two new constituents camarolide (1) and lancamaric acid (4) along with two known compounds oleanonic acid (2) and ursonic acid (3) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn.Structures of the new compounds have been established as 3-keto-urs-11-en-13β(28)-olide (1) and 3,25-epoxy-3α-ethoxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4) through spectral studies including 1D ( 1 H-, 13 C-NMR) and 2D (COSY-45, NOESY, J-resolved, HMQC and HMBC) NMR.Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) commonly known as lantana is a hairy shrub, native of tropical America and cultivated as an ornamental or hedge plant.Its different parts are reputed to be of use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various human ailments such as ulcers, eczema eruptions, malaria and rheumatism. 1 Pharmacological investigations have indicated that extracts of the shoots of L. camara exhibit antibacterial properties. 1 Lancamarone, a steroid from the leaves, possesses cardiotonic properties, while lantamine, an alkaloid from the stem and root bark, shows strong antipyretic and antispasmodic properties comparable with those of quinine. 1,2Phytochemical studies undertaken by different groups of workers on different parts of the plant have resulted in the isolation of various steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. [3]4][5] In view of the pharmacological properties of L. camara, the present studies were undertaken on the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of this plant, which resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of two new pentacyclic triterpenoids, camarolide (1) and lancamaric acid (4), and two known compounds, oleanonic acid (2) and ursonic acid (3)
Perceptions of Motivational Components: Salesmen and Saleswomen Revisited

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although empirical work has examined differences between salesmen and saleswomen on various aspects, no comprehensive study has examined gender-based distinctions in salespeople's work motivation. The paucity of research attention on this topic is surprising given the plethora of literature in organizational behavior. This paper reports the results of an investigation that explored male and female salespeople's perceptions of expectancies, instrumentalities, and valence for rewards. Findings reveal minimal contrast between the two groups. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided.
On Reliable Stabilization via Rectangular Dilated LMIs and Dissipativity-Based Certifications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this short note, we consider the problem of reliable stabilization for multi-channel systems, where our main objective is to maintain the robust stability of the perturbed closed-loop system when there is a single controller failure in any of the control channels. Specifically, we present a less-conservative result than results in the literature in terms of a set of dilated LMIs for the reliable state-feedback stabilization of the nominal system, while a dissipativity-based certification is used to extend the stability condition when there is an additive model perturbation in the system. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed technique.
Microencapsulation of Carvacrol by Complex Coacervation of Walnut Meal Protein Isolate and Gum Arabic: Preparation, Characterization and Bio-Functional Activity

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a natural phenolic compound, carvacrol has attracted much attention due to its excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, its application is limited due to its instability, such as easy volatilization, easy oxidation, etc. Protein-polysaccharide interactions provide strategies for improving their stability issues. In this study, the plant-based carvacrol microcapsules via complex coacervation between walnut meal protein isolate (WMPI) and gum Arabic (GA) has been fabricated and characterized. The formation conditions of WMPI-GA coacervates were determined by some parameters, such as pH, zeta-potential, and turbidity. The optimum preparation conditions were achieved at pH 4.0 with a WMPI-to-GA ratio of 6:1 (w/w). The mean particle size, loading capacity (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the microcapsules were 43.21 μm, 26.37%, and 89.87%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and fluorescence microscopy further confirmed the successful microencapsulation of carvacrol. The microencapsulation of carvacrol improved the thermal stability of the free carvacrol. The swelling capacity results indicated that it could resist gastric acid, and facilitate its intestinal absorption. Meanwhile, the carvacrol molecules trapped within the microcapsules could be continuously released in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the microcapsules presented good antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative (E. coli) and the Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. These results indicated that the obtained carvacrol microcapsules have a potential application value as a food preservative in the food industry.
Hydration and Dynamics of Full-Length Tau Amyloid Fibrils Investigated by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The microtubule-associated protein tau aggregates into distinct neurofibrillary tangles in brains afflicted with multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The mechanism of tau misfolding and aggregation is poorly understood. Determining the structure, dynamics, and water accessibility of tau filaments may provide insight into the pathway of tau misfolding. Here, we investigate the hydration and dynamics of the β-sheet core of heparin-fibrillized 0N4R tau using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This β-sheet core consists of the second and third microtubule-binding repeats, R2 and R3, respectively, which form a hairpin. Water-edited two-dimensional (2D) 13C-13C and 15N-13C correlation spectra show that most residues in R2 and R3 domains have low water accessibility, indicating that this hairpin is surrounded by other proteinaceous segments. However, a small number of residues, especially S285 and S316, are well hydrated compared to other Ser and Thr residues, suggesting that there is a small water channel in the middle of the hairpin. To probe whether water accessibility correlates with protein dynamics, we measured the backbone N-H dipolar couplings of the β-sheet core. Interestingly, residues in the fourth microtubule-binding repeat, R4, show rigid-limit N-H dipolar couplings, even though this domain exhibits weaker intensities in the 2D 15N-13C correlation spectra. These results suggest that the R4 domain participates in cross-β hydrogen bonding in some of the subunits but exhibits dynamic disorder in other subunits. Taken together, these hydration and dynamics data indicate that the R2-R3 hairpin of 0N4R tau is shielded from water by other proteinaceous segments on the exterior but contains a small water pore in the interior. This structural topology has various similarities with the CBD tau fibril structure but also shows specific differences. The disorder of the R4 domain and the presence of a small water channel in the heparin-fibrillized 4R tau have implications for the structure of tau fibrils in diseased brains.
First-year monitoring of native herbal species in a roadside meadow

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

鳥取市で2015年に行われた自生の草本種を用いた路傍草地について，植栽1年目の状況を調査・評価した。真砂土とバーク堆肥を用いた植栽基盤は，少雨時にはやや乾燥した。また，バーク堆肥の添加有機物により富栄養な状態となった。16種の植栽種の活着率には種間で大きな差が見られ，土壌の乾燥や強光条件に弱い種では活着率が低かった。一方，コマツナギなど一部の種は旺盛に繁茂し，他種を圧倒する勢いで生長した。50種の侵入種が確認され，そのうち26種が自生種，22種が外来種であった。侵入種の中には，自生種・外来種とも旺盛な繁茂を示す種があり，継続的な選択的除草が必要と考えられた。
Analysis of the resistance mediated by several R-factors to Tetracycline and Minocycline

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The resistance levels conferred by the T-determinants in four R-factors to Tetracycline and Minocycline in cells of Escherichia coli K 12, before and after induction of maximum resistance by treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of the drugs, are measured by simple growth-and-challenge tests. The effect of a plasmid T K which confers tetracycline resistance on its host Klebsiella aerogenes is tested in the same way. The five T-determinants fall into a high-level and a low-level group for resistance, the former giving 3- to 4-fold higher resistance in both induced and uninduced cells than the latter. The T-determinants all confer much lower resistance to Minocycline (a tetracycline molecule modified at the C-6 and C-7 positions) than to Tetracycline. The main cause of this difference is that cells carrying a T-determinant exclude Minocycline much less efficiently than Tetracycline, but in addition Minocycline is less effective than Tetracycline in inducing increased resistance. These results are discussed in the light of a model put forward to explain the inducible nature of R-factor resistance to the tetracyclines.
Data from CD24 Is a Novel Predictor for Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> To investigate the role of CD24 in tumor invasion and prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> CD24 expression was measured in stepwise metastatic HCC cell lines, tumor, peritumoral tissues, and normal liver tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The role of CD24 in HCC was investigated by CD24 depletion using small interfering RNA. Tumor tissue microarrays of 314 HCC patients who underwent resection between 1997 and 2000 were used to detect expression of CD24, β-catenin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests.</p><p><b>Results:</b> CD24 was overexpressed in the highly metastatic HCC cell line and in tumor tissues of patients with recurrent HCC. Depletion of CD24 caused a notable decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness <i>in vitro</i>. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CD24 was a significant predictor for overall survival and relapse-free survival. CD24 expression was correlated with poor prognosis independent of α-fetoprotein, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and Edmondson stage. High CD24 expression was significantly associated with cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin (<i>P</i> = 0.023), high tumor proliferative status (<i>P</i> = 0.018), and diffused intrahepatic recurrence and distant metastasis (<i>P</i> = 0.026). Adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization after surgery reduced the rate of early recurrence (≤1 year) in CD24<sup>+</sup> HCC patients (<i>P</i> = 0.024) but had no significant effect in CD24<sup>−</sup> patients (<i>P</i> = 0.284).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Overexpression of CD24 in HCC was associated with high invasiveness and metastatic potential, high tumor proliferation status, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD24 may be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of HCC patients after surgery. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5518–27)</p></div>
Spaces of integrable functions with respect to vector measures of convex range and factorization of operators from Lp-spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

If G is a Banach space valued measure whose range range is convex, we consider the space of G-integrable functions. We also establish a factorization result for operators from L p (μ) through L 1 (G). We apply these results in order to obtain a description of the range of p'-summing operators from Lp-spaces.
Understanding Prosecution Decisions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract When the police make an arrest the suspect is taken to the police station so that detention can be authorized by the custody officer. Detention in custody allows the arresting officer, and sometimes his colleagues, to interview the suspect. When the officer believes that he has sufficient evidence to prosecute he is supposed to stop the investigatory process and put the facts before the custody officer, who can then decide whether or not to charge.
Building on the Generative Potential of Digital Technologies in Organisations with a Public Remit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Digital technologies have transformed innovation and competition, leading to important questions on organisations’ technological choices, the nature of inter-organisational relationships, and their strategies. This paper explores how incumbent organisations that pursue value creation and value capture for the public interest harness the generative potential of digital technologies. Drawing on primary and secondary data collected in 2015-2022, this paper explores the response of the BBC to the disruption of digital technologies and related changes in the competitive arena. The generativity of digital technologies demands large audiences to deal with unprompted change; experimentation takes place in many forms with often unexpected outcomes, however, organisations with a public remit cannot pursue all opportunities on a large scale. Despite the BBC having a platform-like response aligned with the response of other incumbents who have been exposed to similar stimuli, the mandate of delivering societal impact steers how the organisation develops its technological infrastructure, experimental activities, and inter-organisational relationships. Ultimately, we show how the public remit can “steer” how organisations can harness the generativity of digital technologies shedding light on possible new sources of value and innovation.
Does Weather Has Same Effect on Different Countries Stock Market Return

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the field of behavioral finance mood, emotions and other different effecting factors have been investigated regarding stock market return. Weather is one of the most important and vital factor that has been analyzed. In this empirical study the two different stock exchanges (Eastern Asian and South Asian) are compared with respect to the weather variable temperature. The analysis and investigation has been made by utilizing the six years record of both stock exchange (China, Pakistan) indexes (SSE-180, KSE 100). The Autoregressive (AR) Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) technique has been utilized for analysis. It has been found that temperature is the most affecting factor that has negative effect on both stock exchanges. The effect of temperature on both stock exchanges has been compared and found that Eastern Asian Country have more effect as compared South Asian country. The results are given in detail by using Eviews Package.
Graph@FIT Submission to the NVIDIA AI City Challenge 2018

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In our submission to the NVIDIA AI City Challenge, we address speed measurement of vehicles and vehicle re-identification. For both these tasks, we use a calibration method based on extracted vanishing points. We detect and track vehicles by a CNN-based detector and we construct 3D bounding boxes for all vehicles. For the speed measurement task, we estimate the speed from the movement of the bounding box in the 3D space using the calibration. Our approach to vehicle re-identification is based on extraction of visual features from "unpacked" images of the vehicles. The features are aggregated in temporal domain to obtain a single feature descriptor for the whole track. Furthermore, we utilize a validation network to improve the re-identification accuracy.
Liver Ultrasound Image Enhancement Using 3-Level Discrete Wavelet Transforms Technique: A Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical picture processing is again because the prognosis regarding ailments by means of the use of the medical doctors or radiologists. Noise is delivered into pursuance together with the scientific pics in shape in accordance with a variety over factors within clinical imaging. Noise corrupts the medical images after the exorcism regarding the images degrades. This degradation consists regarding depth upstairs edges, structural details, blurring boundaries etc. To diagnosticate mettle ailments edge and essential points quotation are useless significant.
Addressing homelessness and health inequalities through community development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social workers are professionals who have the skills to address social problems. Individuals may experience a variety of problems that are the result of their social environment. When enough individuals and groups in a community are facing similar problems, it can begin to affect the community as a whole. Homelessness is a prime example of a problem that can be found in different communities across the world. Homelessness represents a series of individual and systematic issues. Social workers are in a position to address social issues such as homelessness through close collaboration with individuals and community organizations. As a Master of Social Work (MSW) practicum student I worked closely with the United Way of Northern British Columbia in Prince George and learned how an organization can fund and support social programs designed to address social issues such as homelessness.
Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of liver ultrasonography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver ultrasound was prospectively evaluated in 104 subjects who underwent liver biopsy, including 24 patients without evidence of liver disease (controls), and 80 with a broad spectrum of liver pathology. Ultrasonography was very specific (100%) and moderately sensitive (70%) in the detection of liver pathology, and hepatic neoplasms, steatosis, and fibrosis were detected by ultrasound in 80%, 80%, and 67% of cases respectively. In addition, ultrasonography diagnosed other pathologies--mainly biliary tract disease and abdominal neoplasms--in 26% of the patients.
Primary epidemiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the All-National Dispensarization as a cancer screening by the data of the Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study. Was to assess the variations of the incidence rate and Stage I proportion of screened malignant neoplasms (MNs) before and after the implementation of All-National Dispensarization of certain groups of the adult population (DCGAP) based on data from the Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry (AOCR).Materials and methods. Anonymous data were taken from the AOCR database about all cases of each of the index MNs (colon, rectum, lung, mammary gland, cervix, uterus, ovary, prostate, and kidney) from 2000 to 2018. The change over time of the number of new cases, crude, age-standardized incidence and the proportion of Stage I, were estimated. The intervention value of the DCGAP was considered positive if a change in the linear trend of selected indicators was detected with segmented regression between 2012 and 2014.Results. The final sample included 46146 cases of MNs. The annual number of new cases and crude incidence for all taken for the analysis MNs from 2000 to 2018 have been increasing. After standardization by age, an increase in incidence was observed for all index MNs, except for lung cancer. In the segmented regression model, this increase for majority MNs was monotonous with an annual percentage change (APC) from 1.5% (for ovarian cancer) to 5.0% (cervical cancer). In prostate cancer, a change of the linear trend of age-standardized incidence with an increase of 8.5% per year was detected in 2012. The proportion of Stage I did not change or increased monotonously after the introduction of DC¬GAP in uterus, ovarian, and colon cancers. An increasing change of the trend of annual Stage I proportion was found in colorectal cancer since 2010, breast cancer since 2011, cervical cancer since 2013, prostate cancer since 2014, kidneys since 2006 with APC by 7.5%, 9, 6%, 9.6%, 40.3%, 13.4%, respectively.Conclusion. Diagnostic tests used in the framework of the DCGAP are sensitive to the detection of early stages of cancer of the breast, cervix, and prostate; for colorectal cancer and kidney cancer, their value is doubtful. The effectiveness of early diagnosis is not confirmed for the lung, uterus, ovarian cancers. For screening-sensitive MNs, an analysis of mortality and survival is necessary.