jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The National Security Council (Rada Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego) – an advisory organ to the President of Poland?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Poland’s National Security Council (Rada Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego, RBN) is defined in the country’s Constitution as organ doradczy Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w zakresie wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego bezpieczeństwa państwa (officially translating into: “the advisory organ to the President of the Republic regarding internal and external security of the State”). Against that background, this article uses analysis of policy practice as it seeks to explain whether the NSC truly plays that role of advisory organ, or is more in the nature of a coordinating-and-consulting body. To address this research topic, three areas have been identified for broader and deeper consideration, i.e. the means of selecting Council Members, the frequency with which Sittings have been convened, and the subject matter addressed at those Sittings.
A new target for growth hormone releasing-hormone action in rat: the Sertoli cell.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A GHRH-like mRNA and peptide (t-GHRH) have been detected in rat and human testis. In rat, t-GHRH mRNA is localized to developing spermatogenic cells. We predicted that the most likely target cell of t-GHRH action would be the Sertoli cell. To test this prediction, we evaluated GHRH action on Sertoli cell function. Rat GHRH at a concentration of 10 nM or 100 nM stimulated cAMP production 2-fold over control levels after a 30 min incubation. This stimulation was obliterated by preincubation with a 10-fold excess of the GHRH antagonist (N-Ac-Tyr1, D-Arg2)-GRF(1-29)-NH2. The effect of treatment with [His1,Nle27]GHRH(1-32)-NH2, a GHRH analog, on Sertoli cell mRNAs was also assessed. Treatment with the analog significantly increased levels of c-fos and steel factor (the product of the Steel gene, also termed SCF) mRNAs above controls, but had no effect on sulfated glycoprotein-2 mRNA. We conclude that GHRH acts via adenylate cyclase to modulate specific Sertoli cell products, possibly as part of a network of local interacting factors controlling Sertoli and germ cell function.
Road profile estimation for suspension system based on the minimum model error criterion combined with a Kalman filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel approach for improving the estimation accuracy of the road profile for a vehicle suspension system. To meet the requirements of road profile estimation for road management and reproduction of system excitation, previous studies can be divided into data-driven and model based approaches. These studies mainly focused on road profile estimation while seldom considering the uncertainty of parameters. However, uncertainty is unavoidable for various aspects of suspension system, e.g., varying sprung mass, damper and tire nonlinear performance. In this study, to improve the estimation accuracy for a varying sprung mass, a novel algorithm was derived based on the Minimum Model Error (MME) criterion and a Kalman Filter (KF). Since the MME criterion method utilizes the minimum value principle to solve the model error based on a model error function, the MME criterion can effectively deal with the estimation error. Then, the proposed algorithm was applied to a 2 degree-of-freedom (DOF) suspension system model under ISO Level-B, ISO Level-C and ISO Level-D road excitations. Simulation results and experimental data obtained using a quarter-vehicle test rig revealed that the proposed approach achieves higher road estimation accuracy compared to traditional KF methods.
Resveratrol content and antioxidant properties \nof underutilized fruits.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present study, resveratrol content and \nantioxidant properties of underutilized fruits such as \nJamun (Syzygium cumini L.), Jackfruit (Artocarpus \nheterophyllus) and Mulberry (Morus rubra) were investigated \nkeeping Grape (Vitis vinifera) as a reference. \nEthanol/water (80:20 v/v) extracts of different parts of fruit \nsamples including skin, pulp and seeds were analyzed by \nHPLC and MS for the quantification of resveratrol. Total \npolyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH scavenging activity and \ntotal antioxidant capacity were also investigated. Among \nthe samples analyzed, mulberry fruit (whole) showed \nhighest resveratrol content (50.61 μg g−1 dry weight) \nfollowed by jamun seed (34.87 μg g−1 dry weight), jamun \npulp (13.70 μg g−1 dry weight) and skin of jamun \n(11.19 μg g−1 dry weight). Jamun seed extract exhibited \nthe highest polyphenol content (55.54 mg gallic acid \nequivalent g−1 dry weight) and highest antioxidant property \n(IC50 value-0.40 mg ml−1). The results suggest that \nunderutilized fruits high in resveratrol and other polyphenols \ncan be used as functional beverages.
Corporate governance and control in Nigerian banking institutions: matters arising

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper identifies ‘weak corporate governance’ as the major cause of crises in Nigerian banking institutions. It contends that corporate governance is an innovative alternative banking practice that caters appropriately for the needs of all stakeholders in sharp contrast to the conventional banking, which often marginalizes most of the essential stakeholders, as well as vitiates their corporate control. The paper argues that the existing banking reforms, though potentially worthwhile, may even be harmful if corporate governance and control principles are misplaced or misapplied. It therefore cautions that in today’s borderless economy, purposeful corporate governance is not an option but a necessity; and recommends that regulations should fill in the existing slit to synchronize diversity, dissent and differences in corporate governance for a robust banking sector
Interactive Intervention on Handwashing among Elementary School Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Handwashing has never been so relevant as today with the coronavirus disease pandemic sweeping across the world This study was conducted to assess children's knowledge about microbe transmission and handwashing and to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention about handwashing Methods: We conducted this study in 3 elementary schools in Seattle, Washington during October-December 2015 We administered a questionnaire before and after a peer-led interactive educational intervention about handwashing Chisquare and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare responses to each survey question and the number of correct responses to the entire questionnaire pre- and post-intervention Results: Seventy students (36 girls, 34 boys) participated in the survey (5-7 years = 30, 8-10 years = 30, 11-12 years = 10) In the pre-intervention survey, only 43% were aware of how germs are spread and only about 50% were aware about the critical times of handwashing We noticed a statistically significant increase in knowledge to each survey question and in the number of correct responses to the entire questionnaire following the intervention Conclusions: Our study identified important knowledge gaps about microbial transmission and handwashing in elementary school children We showed that an educational intervention can be effective in improving knowledge about handwashing
Hydatid cysts on lungs of two African giraffe

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In the study, hydatid cysts were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically on the lungs of 28-year-old male and 33-year-old female, two African giraffes. It was encountered with multiple cysts, which varied 3-10 cm in diameter, on lungs of both animals. Histopathologically, germinative membrans and brooding capsules including protoscolex were seen on tissue sections of lungs that were stained by HE (hematoxylin-eosin) and PAS (periodic acid Schiff). Granulomatous inflammation consisting of mononuclear cell infiltrations and foreign body type of giant cells was attented at the margins of cysts. As a result, hydatid cysts were described pathomorphologically on lungs of two giraffes
Nodal and BMP2/4 pattern the mesoderm and endoderm during development of the sea urchin embryo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nodal factors play fundamental roles in induction and patterning of the mesoderm and endoderm in vertebrates, but whether this reflects an ancient role or one that evolved recently in vertebrates is not known. Here, we report that in addition to its primary role in patterning the ectoderm, sea urchin Nodal is crucial for patterning of the endoderm and skeletogenic mesoderm through the regulation of the expression of key transcription factors and signalling molecules, including BMP2/4 and FGFA. In addition, we uncovered an essential role for Nodal and BMP2/4 in the formation and patterning of the non-skeletogenic mesoderm. By comparing the effects of misexpressing Nodal or an activated Nodal receptor in clones of cells, we provide evidence that Nodal acts over a long range in the endomesoderm and that its effects on the blastocoelar cell precursors are likely to be direct. The activity of Nodal and BMP2/4 are antagonistic, and although bmp2/4 is transcribed in the ventral ectoderm downstream of Nodal, the BMP2/4 ligand is translocated to the dorsal side, where it activates signalling in the dorsal primary mesenchyme cells, the dorsal endoderm and in pigment cell precursors. Therefore, correct patterning of the endomesoderm depends on a balance between ventralising Nodal signals and dorsalising BMP2/4 signals. These experiments confirm that Nodal is a key regulator of dorsal-ventral polarity in the sea urchin and support the idea that the ventral ectoderm, like the Spemann organiser in vertebrates, is an organising centre that is required for patterning all three germ layers of the embryo.
A novel diagnosis of left paraduodenal hernia through laparoscopy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A congenital intraperitoneal hernia, also known as a "paraduodenal hernia," is an extremely rare cause of intestinal obstruction. These hernias, which are caused by variations in intestinal rotation, present with symptoms ranging from intermittent abdominal pain to acute obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is rare, and conventional treatment is usually by laparotomy. Laparoscopic diagnosis and repair has recently been reported in Japan. We present as case of a left paraduodenal hernia diagnosed and treated laparoscopically and a review of the literature.
Successful VET partnerships in Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports findings of the first phase of a study conducted to investigate the factors that contribute to the success of partnerships between vocational education and training (VET) providers and community/industry, and the processes partnerships employ to produce quality learning outcomes for individuals and other stakeholders, including enterprises, industries and communities. This phase of the project maps the partnerships that have previously been researched or reported, using a meta-analysis methodology. The literature reviewed here is restricted to the period since 1995. The partnerships identified in this paper are analysed in terms of their status at the time of reporting in the literature. No attempt is made in this phase of the project to determine how the partnerships have since evolved, or if indeed they still exist. A total of 117 partnerships from several sources were identified and analysed.The review of Australian VET partnerships found that industry-provider partnerships were the most common. These kind of partnerships were a mix of Structured Workplace Learning partnerships, Industry development partnerships and Enterprise development partnerships. Industry-provider partnerships were predominant in urban areas, while in rural areas community-industry-provider partnerships were most common. This rural/urban divide was also reflected in different purposes of the partnerships. While urban partnerships were most frequently concerned with industry development, rural partnerships were most frequently concerned with regional development through education and training. Measures of success were found to be determined primarily by stakeholders of partnerships, generally by comparing outcomes with goals and objectives. The most frequently reported outcomes were community development, access and equity and collaboration between stakeholders. The findings of this paper raise several questions about partnerships and quality training outcomes. Further investigation is required to determine what measures (other than customer satisfaction) should be used to evaluate quality of training outcomes.
Slavoj Zizek: On Belief, and The Puppet and the Dwarf: The Perverse Core of Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his books On Belief (2001) and The Puppet and the Dwarf (2003), the philosopher and Lacanian psychoanalyst Slavoj Zizek poses the radical question of the nature and space of theology in the early twenty first century. Concerned fundamentally with the nature and presence of ‘belief’ in contemporary Western culture, Zizek is arguably, and paradoxically, one of the few genuinely Christian theologians writing today, to some extent, as we shall see, in the tradition of Thomas Altizer and the American “death of God’ theology of the 1960s, while at the same time percolating Christian thinking through Socialist materialism and the psychoanalytic thinking of Lacan. Like Alain Badiou and others, he focuses specifically upon the Pauline community of believers rather than the Christianity of the canonical gospels, and draws upon a vast range of literature and film from within contemporary European culture. Theology, for Zizek, is not a systematic endeavour. It is rather a cultural than a primarily philosophical enterprise, grounded for him in the nature of belief in the context of a contemporary, consumerist society. Yet, at the same time, specifically Christian theology, at its ‘perverse core’, he argues in On Belief, is the profoundly radical reversal of the religious pursuit of perfection, actually being about imperfection, affirming an entirely subjective understanding of Truth and opening up the possibility of the redemption of humanity by the purely human. In The Puppet and the Dwarf Zizek draws upon the rather unlikely figure of G. K. Chesterton and his book Orthodoxy (1908) to illustrate his belief that “the irrationalism of the late nineteenth century was the necessary consequence of the Enlightenment rationalReview Essay: Slavoj Zizek: On Belief, and The Puppet and the Dwarf: The Perverse Core of Christianity
Microbiome Evolution of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Spent Coffee Ground Solid Sidestreams Under Industrial Storage Conditions

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and spent coffee ground (SCG) are solid sidestreams from beverage production increasingly being upcycled into food, feed and other value-added products. These solid sidestreams are prone to microbial spoilage, negatively impacting their upcycling potential. Three samples each of BSG and SCG were obtained from generators and recycling facilities in Singapore, and their chemical, elemental, and microbial composition was characterized. The spoilage mechanisms were investigated during storage under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Bacterial loads of sidestreams were low from craft brewery and café sources (<1 and 3.53 ± 0.03 log10 CFU/g) and high from recycling facilities (>6 log10 CFU/g). The microbiome of BSG from recycling facilities was dominated by Bacilli, and B. coagulans was identified as the most prevalent species. SCG from recycling facilities was dominated by lactic acid bacteria, with L. panis being the most prevalent species. Storage up to 14 days under anaerobic conditions led to further bacterial proliferation mainly by Bacilli, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria, while aerobic storage led to extensive fungal contamination, including potential aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus. The results shed light on the spoilage mechanisms, while highlighting the short shelf-life and food safety risks of BSG and SCG to inform valorization strategies.
Covert channels in the IP time to live field

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Covert channels are used for the secret transfer of information. Unlike encryption, which only protects the information from unauthorised observers, covert channels aim to hide the very existence of the communication. The sheer amount of data and vast number of different network protocols in the Internet makes it an ideal high-capacity vehicle for covert communication. Covert channels pose a serious security threat as criminals can use them to hide their communication activities. In this paper we present a novel covert channel inside the IP header’s Time To Live (TTL) field. The sender manipulates the TTLs of subsequent packets transmitting covert information to the receiver. Since network elements along the path also modify the TTL, the capacity and stealth of this channel depend on the 'natural' TTL variation. We analyse this variation in multiple traffic traces and propose an encoding scheme, which makes the TTL covert channel look similar to “natural” variation. We also discuss methods to eliminate and detect this covert channel.
Modulation of Stat-1 in Human Macrophages Infected with Different Species of Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The infection of human macrophages by pathogenic bacteria induces different signaling pathways depending on the type of cellular receptors involved in the microorganism entry and on their mechanism(s) of survival and replication in the host cell. It was reported that Stat proteins play an important role in this process. In the present study, we investigate the changes in Stat-1 activation (phosphorylation in p-tyr 701 ) after uptake of two Gram-positive ( Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus ) and two Gram-negative bacteria ( Salmonella typhimurium and Legionella pneumophila ) characterized by their varying abilities to enter, survive, and replicate in human macrophages. Comparing the results obtained with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Stat-1 activation in macrophages does not seem to be related to LPS content. The p-tyr 701 Stat-1 expression levels were found to be independent of the internalized bacterial number and IFN- γ release. On the contrary, Jak/Stat-1 pathway activation only occurs when an active infection has been established in the host macrophage, and it is plausible that the differences in the expression levels of p-tyr 701 Stat-1 could be due to different survival mechanisms or to differences in bacteria life cycles within macrophages.
Effects of a protein supplement and anthelmintic treatment on communally grazed Tswana goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of anthelmintic treatment and protein supplementation on health and productivity of indigenous Tswana goats. Thirty six goats of around 1 year old and of unspecified breeds were randomly divided into 4 groups of 9 animals each. The first group was treated with an oral dose of albendazole every three months. The second group was fed protein supplement daily, while the third group was drenched every three months and fed protein supplement daily. The fourth, control group was neither drenched nor fed supplement. The control group generally had higher eggs per gram (EPG) counts than the 3 treatment groups, with the highest peak in January. There was no significant difference in EPGs between the protein and the anthelmintic groups, while the protein supplemented animals had significantly lower mean egg counts than the controls. The anthelmintic/protein group had significantly reduced faecal nematode egg counts when compared to the other 3 treatments. The protein and the protein/anthelmintic groups gained significantly more weight than the anthelmintic group, while the anthelmintic group also gained significantly over the control group. The protein supplemented and anthelmintic- treated groups had significantly higher PCV values than the controls. No significant differences were observed for albumin among the groups. The additive helminth control effect of anthelmintic and protein supplementation combinations may go a long way in curbing the rampant use of anthelmintics that has the potential of promoting drug resistance. (Francis R Bakunzi*, Lucky K Mogapi, Blessing M Dzoma, Lebogang E Motsei, Mathew Nyirenda, Rendani V Ndou. Effects of a protein supplement and anthelmintic treatment on communally grazed Tswana goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Life Science Journal. 2011;8(S2):53-57) (ISSN: 1097 - 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com .
A Survey of Mosquito-borne Endoparasites in Selected Residential Areas, Sarawak

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mosquitoes serve as one of the main vectors in the transmission of zoonotic diseases including malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis from one host to another host. This present study was done to determine the prevalence of mosquito-borne endoparasites in several endemic residential areas for filariasis in Kuching, Serian and Betong Division, Sarawak. Mosquitoes were collected by mosquito net and human landing method. Thick blood smears were stained with Giemsa to examine for the presence of mosquito-borne endoparasites. There was a total of 47 individuals (34.49%), 28 individuals (74.40%), eight individuals (4.85%) and 14 individuals (3.64%) of bloodfed mosquitoes sampled in first and second samplings at Kampung Serian Ulu, Kampung Krusen Kranji and Kampung Rampangi respectively. Low occurrence of mosquito-borne endoparasites (n=2; 0.35%) from one female Culex and one female Aedes found in first sampling at Kampung Serian Ulu and (n=l, 0.43%) from one female Culex in the second sampling at Kampung Serian Ulu was detected positively for microfilarial nematode but negative in other two sampling sites. The occurence of female and blood-fed mosquitoes was highly dependent on the density of human and backyard farming at the study sites. There was low occurrence of vectors for filariasis in all study sites.