jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Enceladus Dust Plume from the Cassini Cosmic Dust Analyzer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyse data recorded by the Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) on board the Cassini spacecraft that were obtained during traversals of the Enceladus dust plume. The focus of our work are profiles of relative abundances of grains of different compositional types derived from mass spectra recorded with the Dust Analyzer (DA) subsystem during the Cassini flybys E5 and E17. The profile from E5, corresponding to a steep and fast (17.7 km/s) traversal of the plume, was analyzed in previous work (Postberg et al, 2011). Here we present and include into the analysis a second compositional profile obtained at a very different geometry during flyby E17, with a nearly horizontal traversal of the South Polar Terrain (SPT) at a significantly lower relative velocity (7.5 km/s). Additionally, we employ in our analysis rates of dust detections registered in the plume by the High Rate Detector (HRD) subsystem of CDA at two different Enceladus flybys (E7 and E21). We derive the ranges of grain sizes that were sampled by the two CDA subsystems at these flybys and use the data sets to constrain the parameters of a new dust plume model.&#160; That model we construct from a recently developed mathematical description of dust ejection (Ershova and Schmidt, 2021) using the software package DUDI, publicly available at https://github.com/Veyza/dudi. Further constraints we use for our model are published velocities of gas ejection and the positions of gas and dust jets on the SPT. &#160;From our model we derive production rates of dust mass for the different compositional types of grains detected by CDA, amounting to a total rate equal to or larger than about 28 kg/s. &#160;The contribution of salt-rich dust to the plume was previously believed to be dominant in mass, based on the analysis of E5 flyby data alone (Postberg et al, 2011). However, including both compositional profiles (E5 and E17) in our analysis, we find that the salt-rich dust contribution is only about one percent by mass or less. This finding follows in part from an improved understanding of the masses of grains of various compositional types that implies a generally smaller size for salt rich grains than previously thought. Furthermore, the E17 compositional profile exhibits a dominance of organic enriched grains over the SPT, a region of the plume that was poorly constrained, if at all, by the E5 data. Our new dust plume model can be used to predict numbers and masses for grains of various compositional types that a detector on a future mission will collect during a plume traversal.
Does the Methylene Blue Test Give Equally Satisfactory Results in All Studied Igneous Rocks Relative to the Identification of Swelling Clay Minerals?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The presence or the absence of swelling clay minerals in rocks, which are used in various construction applications, constitutes a determinant factor for their strength, and consequently, in their general behavior in various construction applications, as they have the ability to swell up to 400 times of their usual volume, causing failures to any application in which they participate. The aim of this study is to respond to the question of whether the empirical method of methylene blue yields equally safe and correct results in different types of igneous rocks and if not, which is the determining factor affecting the results. The answer to this complex question is feasible by investigating the microscopic structure and the mineralogy of the studied rocks, and particularly, using the content of specific phyllosilicate minerals which may be related or not with the methylene blue values. According to the results, the methylene blue test seems to work correctly for the intermediate (Group I) and mafic (Group II) examined rocks, but it seems to be wrong for the highly serpentinized ultramafic rocks (up to 70% of serpentine) (Group III).
<b><i>Suncus murinus</i> submandibular gland and prostate are new sources of nerve growth </b><b>factor </b>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The submandibular gland of male Suncus murinus contains as much nerve growth factor as male mouse submandibular gland.This fact is probably correlated with the presence of abundant secretory granules in striated ducts in both species.A low nerve growth factor activity also exists in S. marinas prostate.
Pancreatic islet cell suspensions of newborn rats and the formation of pseudo-islets in culture.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Well preserved pancreatic islet cell suspensions were isolated by trypsin treatment from islets of Langerhans of newborn rats. (Pro)insulin biosynthesis of freshly isolated islet cells can be stimulated by increasing glucose concentrations. In contrast insulin secretion on glucose as the only stimulus is drastically reduced but can be potentiated by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Within a period of 4-6 days in tissue culture pancreatic islet cells of newborn rats show the tendency to aggregate and form pseudo-islets of different size.
Early Stage Anaplastic Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of The Pancreas, A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Anaplastic sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas (ASCP) is a rare variant of pancreatic malignancies. It is a high-grade epithelial carcinoma predominated with spindle cells. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 65-year-old patient who presented with early stage, ampullary mass indicating malignancy, and who subsequently underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were confirmatory for anaplastic, grade IV sarcomatoid adenocarcinoma arising from the head of the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is a rare presentation with few cases reported in the literature.
Mobile Device Application to locate an Interest Point using Google Maps

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fire occurrences in building is becoming increasingly frequent as a result of accidents, the presence of combustible items in buildings, particularly residential buildings, and other potential sources of fire. When there is a fire occurrence in a building, the structural integrity of such building is affected. In order for such building to be habitable again, it has to either be strengthened or rebuilt. The common practice for fire-damaged buildings is to be abandoned or demolished, whereas such buildings could be assessed and strengthened for it to regain its initial load carrying capacity. Several studied have investigated methods for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams impaired by fire using synthetic FRP composites but little or no studies has been done on the usage of natural FRP composite to strengthen a RC beam impaired by fire. This study investigated the usage of bamboo fibre laminate to retrofit a fire damaged RC beam and the structural behaviour of the beam was observed. Eight RC beams were designed, cast, and reinforced normally. Two of the beams were the control samples. The remaining six beams were exposed to three different temperatures (400, 600 and 800 °C) in pairs of two. One out of each pair was retrofitted with bamboo fibre laminate. Subsequently, each beam underwent testing until failure, with loads increasing in 0.5 tons increment. The outcomes revealed that the utilization of bamboo fibre laminate had the capability to enhance both the ability to carry load and deflection characteristics of a beam that had been impaired by fire. For beams exposed to 400 °C the load-carrying capacity returned to that observed in the control beam and the deflection was increased by 48.78% in relation to the control beam. In the case of beams exposed to 600 °C, the bamboo fibre laminate increased the load-carrying capacity by 29.5% beyond that of the unstrengthened fire-damaged beam but 5% less than the control beam. The deflection was also increased by 39.37% relative to the control beam. When considering beams exposed to 800 °C, the bamboo fibre laminate increased the ability to carry load by 37% beyond the unstrengthened fire-damaged beam but 10% less than the control beam. The deflection was also increased by 4.83% relative to the control beam. This study demonstrated that bamboo fibre laminate is a viable alternative for strengthening fire-damaged beams instead of using synthetic fibres.
A Modern Pothole Detection technique using Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Road accident detection and avoidance are a more difficult and challenging problem in India as poor quality of construction materials get used in road drainage system construction. Due to the above problems, roads get damaged early and potholes appear on the roads which cause accidents. According to a report submitted by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways transport research wing New Delhi in 2017, approximately 4,64,910 accidents happen per year in India. This paper proposed a deep learning-based model that can detect potholes early using images and videos which can reduce the chances of an accident. This model is basically based on Transfer Learning, Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(F-RCNN) and Inception-V2. There are many models for pothole detection that uses the accelerometer (without using images and videos) with machine learning techniques, but a less number of pothole detection models can be found which uses only machine learning techniques to detect potholes. The results of this work have shown that our proposed model outperforms other existing techniques of potholes detection.
Formulation and Evaluation of Favipiravir Proliposomal Powder for Pulmonary Delivery by Nebulization

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The favipiravir proliposomal is a powder formulation for pulmonary delivery by nebulization, prepared and characterized by film deposition on carrier method. The formulations have good flow properties and upon hydration, liposome vesicles were seen within 2-3 minutes. According to the results of SEM studies the surface morphology was coarse and non-porous. The DSC and XRD studies confirm that the favipiravir drug is crystalline, whereas the FPL6 is amorphous. In-vitro nebulization studies perfor
Replacing Fish Oil with Hydrogenated Soybean Oils in Feeds for Yellowtail

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract To assess the relative merits of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich versus saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich lipids as alternatives to fish oil in aquafeeds, diets formulated for Yellowtail Seriola dorsalis—containing menhaden fish oil, fully hydrogenated soybean oil (high SFA content), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (high MUFA content), or blends of these soy-derived lipids (20/80, 40/60, 60/40, or 80/20)—were tested in a 7-week feeding trial. Juvenile fish (~11 g) were stocked in a semi-closed recirculating aquaculture system (15 fish/tank), diets were randomly assigned to tanks in triplicate (N = 3), and fish were fed in slight excess of estimated apparent satiation. Growth performance did not vary based on dietary SFA versus MUFA content, but performance was inferior among fish fed the soybean oil-based feeds relative to those fed the fish oil-based feed: weight gain was 714–770% versus 848%; specific growth rate was 4.03–4.16% versus 4.32% body weight/d; and feed conversion ratio was 1.30–1.38 versus 1.27. Generally, fillet fatty acid composition mirrored dietary composition except that the fillets of fish fed diets containing primarily fully hydrogenated soybean oil contained fewer SFAs and more long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) than one would expect based on dietary fatty acid profiles. Fillets of fish that were fed partially hydrogenated soybean oil contained trans-fatty acids (0.02–0.06 g of trans fats per 100 g of fillet) but only at trace levels. Liver fatty acid profiles were less affected by dietary lipid source, but where differences existed, they followed patterns similar to those observed in fillets. Results suggest that blends of fully and partially hydrogenated soybean oils may yield slightly higher growth performance and fillet lipid content without accumulating enough trans fats to negatively affect consumers. Diets containing only fully hydrogenated soybean oil may slightly reduce lipid digestion in Yellowtail, but they mitigate LC-PUFA loss associated with fish oil sparing.
Rockfall hazard and risk evaluation system for slopes of the Basque Country (northern Spain)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Present progress of our societies needs the development of complex infrastructures that requires increasingly more specialized actions. Security is an essential requirement. Thus, together with a more extent occupation of the territory, sometimes, in unfavorable conditions, there is an increasing demand of knowledge of risks, and their prediction and prevention. In this context, the development of methods of analysis that allows for the systematic evaluation of risk is necessary. The systematic evaluation of potential damages due to instabilities must allow establishing a priority in realization to correction measures and to optimize the available economic resources. In our work we start with the geotechnical exploration of some of the main linear infrastructures of the Basque Country. Firstly, an inventory of 88 slopes in rock massifs is made. The characterization of potential risk of each one is undertaken by considering 10 parameters that indicate the nature of the rock mass, relative orientation and morphological features of the slope (interaction rock massif-slope) and infrastructure features (interaction rock massif-slope-infrastructure). The used parameters are: rock mass characteristics, joint orientation, hydraulic conditions, durability, slope history, rock block size/rock mass volume, slope height, way reaching probability, sight distance/decision site distance and way category. Each of these parameters is evaluated separately and a Risk Factor (RF) is determined. The value of the Risk Factor reaches a maximum value of 10000 and allows to differentiate 4 categories of slopes. Each class has a priority category and associated correction measures.
Evidence for Archean subduction and crustal recycling, Wyoming province

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| October 01, 1988 Evidence for Archean subduction and crustal recycling, Wyoming province Paul A. Mueller; Paul A. Mueller 1Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Joseph L. Wooden Joseph L. Wooden 2U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Paul A. Mueller 1Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Joseph L. Wooden 2U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1988) 16 (10): 871–874. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0871:EFASAC>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Paul A. Mueller, Joseph L. Wooden; Evidence for Archean subduction and crustal recycling, Wyoming province. Geology 1988;; 16 (10): 871–874. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0871:EFASAC>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The Beartooth Mountains of the northern Wyoming province contain a suite of incompatible-element-enriched amphibolites of andesitic composition that contains both calcalkalic and tholeitic varieties. These amphibolites formed about 2800 Ma and show trace-element and lead isotopic signatures that suggest an origin similar to some modern andesites produced in convergent margin environments. In particular, these rocks show depletions of the high-field-strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ti, Zr) and enriched Pb isotopic compositions indicative of recycling of Pb from a crustal reservoir into the mantle. These data and other geologic considerations suggest that the northern Wyoming province may have been the site of a Late Archean convergent continental margin. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Proton cyclotron instability in the drifting magnetoplasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general expression for the tensor of the dielectrical susceptibility in an anisotropic plasma with particle drifts is derived, and the dispersion equation is found for waves propagating in arbitrary direction with respect to the mean magnetic field. The dispersion equation is solved for the case of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves. It is found that in the plasma of the auroral magnetosphere strong plasma instability may occur so that the value of the growth rate of the waves is of the order of the wave frequency. Besides, the plasma instability is excited at less values of the wave number if the magnetospheric altitude becomes larger.
Critical dynamics in Heisenberg ferromagnets and antiferromagnets near the percolation threshold

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The critical spin-wave dynamics of dilute ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg systems near the percolation threshold is studied on a two-dimensional regular (fractal) model for bond percolation, which captures the relevant geometric features of the cluster structure. The dynamic critical exponent and spectral dimension for both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems are calculated. The treatment of the dynamics in these systems requires the use of generalised scaling techniques for sublattice systems, which involve an extension of the parameter space.
Design and Validation of a Robotic Needle Positioning System for Small Animal Imaging Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A needle-positioning robot has been developed for image-guided interventions in small animals. The device is designed to position a needle with an error les100 mum. The robot has two rotational axes (pitch and roll) to control needle orientation, and one linear axis to perform needle insertion. The three axes intersect at a single point, creating a remote center of motion. Needle positioning error was quantified at ten target locations for each rotational plane. The measured needle positioning accuracy in free space was 54plusmn12 mum and 91plusmn21 mum for the pitch and roll axes, respectively. The device's accuracy compares favorably with the sizes of typical interventional targets in mouse models
Attenuation in Rectangular Waveguides with Finite Conductivity Walls

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a fundamental and accurate approach to compute the attenuation of electromagnetic waves propagating in rectangular waveguides with finite conductivity walls. The wavenumbers kx and ky in the x and y directions respectively, are obtained as roots of a set of transcendental equations derived by matching the tangential component of the electric field (E) and the magnetic field (H) at the surface of the waveguide walls. The electrical properties of the wall material are determined by the complex permittivity ε, permeability μ, and conductivity σ. We have examined the validity of our model by carrying out measurements on the loss arising from the fundamental TE10 mode near the cutoff frequency. We also found good agreement between our results and those obtained by others including Papadopoulos' perturbation method across a wide range of frequencies, in particular in the vicinity of cutoff. In the presence of degenerate modes however, our method gives higher losses, which we attribute to the coupling between modes as a result of dispersion.
Outcomes and Indications for Thoracofemoral Bypass in the Endovascular Age: A case series and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Endovascular revascularization is commonplace in vascular surgery; however, thoracofemoral bypass (TFB) is optimal in particular patients. Little research focuses on TFB outcomes. This case series and literature review investigated indications, efficacy, and safety of TFB. Methods: Cases at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) included one male and four females (average age 57.2) from 2015-2019. Literature review yielded 124 cases from other institutions. PubMed and Scopus search using the term “thoraco femoral bypass” yielded 39 articles. Articles published before 2000 and case studies published in any year were excluded. Seven articles were selected. Primary outcomes included 30-day mortality and graft patency; secondary outcomes included complications and indications. Data was tabulated in tables and percentages were calculated. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine cases of TFB were identified. Some indications included revascularization of failed aortobifemoral bypass (31.8% of patients) and circumferential aortic calcification with or without concomitant infrarenal or mesenteric calcification (20.1%). Thirty-day mortality for all cases was 4.7%. Thirty-day mortality for TJUH patients was 0%. Graft patency for TJUH patients was 100% at six months. At publication, three of five patients had been revascularized for over one year and had patent grafts at one year. Some complications included pulmonary (12.5% of patients), major vascular reintervention (7.8% of patients) and incision site infection (4.1% of patients). Discussion: In recent years, few institutions have reported TFB outcomes. High graft patency and low 30-day mortality at TJUH and other institutions emphasize the safety and efficacy of TFB.
A student-oriented derivation of a reliable equation of state for a hard-disc fluid

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The `derivation' in a standard course in statistical thermodynamics of a very simple equation of state for a hard-disc fluid is discussed. This equation has the form of a simple rational function that fulfils the requirements of being exact to first order in density and containing a (single pole) singularity at the close-packed density. This approach is in the same spirit as that used by Boltzmann in 1898 to propose an equation of state for hard spheres.
Big data analytics for empowering milk yield prediction in dairy supply chains

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Accurate prediction of daily milk production is a crucial aspect of the dairy industry. During the past decades, although many models using various data analytic techniques have been proposed in literature to address the milk prediction problem, these models have yet to be widely applied in daily operations. Dairy producers need to predict milk yield at individual cow and group level. Given the increasing amount of milk production information collected every year, difficulty also arises from analyzing big data. To address challenges in dairy supply chains and help dairy producers, especially small-scale producers, make use of data analytics in milk supply decision-making, a targeted effort to develop a feasible and cost-effective tool, Milk Yield Prediction and Analysis Tool (PAT), is launched. This tool allows dairy producers to use various prediction models to discover insight into milk production and forecast future milk yield at both the individual cow and the group level. This paper provides a detailed discussion on the design of this tool and demonstrates how big data analytics can be applied in a cost-effective manner.