jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Boosting Li-Ion Battery Pack Lifespan with Active On-Load Balancing

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Due to the repeated cycles of charging and discharging, battery manufacturers cannot ensure perfect cell balance. Cell balancing is considered essential for equalizing each battery cell to the same state of charge level in a series configuration. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries can be damaged or have their lifespan decreased by improper discharge processes. This study investigates battery balance during discharge by analyzing the state of charge (SoC) and current distribution of a 3-cell battery pack based on a multi-transformer shared flyback converter (F-C) under varying load conditions. A balanced approach is employed to control individual cells using a dedicated switch for each cell during the discharge process. The results indicate that the proposed active balancing method can enhance the Li-ion pack's balancing capacity while reducing the disparity in residual energy among the battery cells. The unique contribution of this research lies in the active balancing approach, which offers efficient and effective battery management during discharge. This approach provides crucial insights for the future development of improved battery systems. Therefore, Given the linearly decreasing target SoC, the average error over all time points is approximately 4.29%.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Profile of Toll-Like Receptor 3 from an Indian Coldwater Fish, Schizothorax richardsonii(Gray)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The innate immune system recognizes pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most important PRRs. TLR3 is a unique member of TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a viral replication intermediate. There is a variation in its response among diverse fish species toward the same stimulants. We identified and cloned TLR3 from Indian snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii and carried out its expression analysis in un-induced and poly (I:C) challenged fish. It has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2712 bases that encodes a polypeptide of 904 amino acids. The molecular weight of the polypeptide was predicted to be 102.4482 kDa with an isoelectric point of 7.40. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out after 24 hours of poly (I:C) treatment and expression of TLR3 was analyzed in different tissues. As compared with untreated fish the poly (I:C) challenged fish revealed significantly high expression of TLR3 in kidney followed by liver and gills.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMAMPUAN AUDITOR DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN (FRAUD)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study aims to analyze the effects of skepticism professional, independency, and competency on ability to detect fraud. Research is conducted on auditors working in the audit board of the Republic of Indonesia in Central Jakarta. The population in this research is an auditor who works at audit board of the Republic of Indonesia in Central Jakarta, the research method used is simple random sampling. Based on the method, which is willing to be a respondent as many as 106 auditors. The data in this research is the primary data obtained through questionnaires. The data analysis method used is statistical analysis in the form of multiple regression tests. Data processed using SPSS v26. The results of this study show that the skepticism professional positively affects the ability to detect fraud. Similarly, the independent has no effect on ability to detect fraud. Meanwhile, competence positively affects the ability to detect fraud.
Calculation of Optical Force at Nanoscale Using Finite Element Method and Maxwell Stress Tensor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The manipulations of nanoparticles based on the optical force can avoid mechanical damage to the targets, and the intensity of the optical force can be precisely controlled by the light source. In this paper, a numerical method combining finite element method (FEM) with Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method is presented to calculate the optical force produced by laser source. Gaussian beam is adopted as the excitation to simulate the practical laser source. An example of hybrid nanosphere target is analyzed to show the performance of the proposed method for the calculation of optical force.
Proportional‐type performance recovery current tracking control algorithm for PMSM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study presents a proportional‐type non‐linear current control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with performance recovery and offset‐free properties. The contribution falls into two parts. First, the disturbances from the model‐plant mismatch are exponentially estimated by the proposed first‐order convergent disturbance observers. Second, it is proven that the proposed algorithm guarantees the performance recovery and offset‐free properties, also stabilises the first‐order internal dynamics that arise from the PMSM speed dynamics. The closed‐loop performance was shown by the simulations and experiments by using a 5 kW interior PMSM.
Polarographic Behaviour of 2-Mercaptoethanol at the D. M. E.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, Malaviya Regional Engineering College, Jaipur Manuscript received 11 October 1976; accepted 24 December 1976 The polarographic behaviour of 2-mercaptoethanol (OH CH2CH2SH) has been studied at ionic strength 0.1 M NaCIO4 in the pH range (1.42-11.20) at the d.m.e. The electrode process is reversible,diffusion controlled and involves one electron transfer process in the above pH-range, The effects of various supporting electrolytes viz,. NaCIO4, Li2SO4, KCl, KNO3 and (C2H5) N Br; buffers viz., Britton-Robinson, Clark and Lube's, Michaelic-Borate, NH3NH4Cl, acetate and unbuffered media and different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide and dimethyl formamide have also been studied. The dissociation constant of the -group is found to be 9.50. Controlled potential electrolysis, interaction with mercuric chloride and mathematical analysis reveal the depolarisation of mercury with the formation of a Hg(I) complex, mercurous mercaptide (RSHg), which rapidly changes to more satable (2: 1) mercuric complex (RS)2Hg,
Reciprocity as a fundamental building block of relationship marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The primary purpose of this paper is to (1) highlight the need to understand in greater detail what a marketing relationship actually is and (2) provide an introductory examination of the role of reciprocity in the development of relationships. Reciprocity, the fitting and proportional exchange of good for good, is proposed as being a fundamental process in relational exchange. This construct is briefly reviewed, along with the critical exchange issues of power and equity. We propose that reciprocity is an essential consideration in determining the impact of key antecedents on relationship marketing outcomes.
Epidemiology of falls and fall-related injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this chapter, we examine the epidemiology of falls in older people. We review the major studies that have described the incidence of falls, the locations where falls occur and falls sequelae. We also examine the costs and services required to treat and manage falls and fall-related injuries. Before addressing these issues, however, it is helpful to briefly discuss four important methodological considerations that are pertinent to all research studies of falls in older people: how falls are defined, how falls are counted, how injurious falls are defined and what constitutes an older person.
Performance and stability analysis of buffered R-ALOHA systems using tagged user approach (TUA)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper uses the tagged user approach (TUA) to analyse R-ALOHA systems with propagation delay, finite buffer capacity and finite user population. The system stability, throughput, message delay and message blocking probability are studied. It is assumed that each message comprises a random number of packets that have a general distribution, and each user have a finite buffer capacity. To maintain the fairness to all users, it is assumed that each message in the buffer is transmitted independently, that is, a user has to release the reserved slot after finishing the transmission of the message even if it has other messages waiting in the buffer. It is straightforward to extend the analysis to R-ALOHA systems with infinite buffer capacity. The accuracy of the analysis is verified by simulation.
New Generalized Extended Hardy-type Dynamic Inequalities on Time Scales

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This research will demonstrate several novel dynamic inequalities of the Hardy type on time scales. These inequalities will be generalized and expanded. Several new integral and difference inequalities are produced as a consequence of our findings in both continuous and discrete scenarios. The dynamic Holder ¨ inequality, the integration by parts formula on time scales, and Keller’s chain rule on time scales will be utilized to demonstrate the primary findings. To apply the primary findings, we shall employ discrete calculus, quantum calculus, and continuous calculus and treat them as special cases.
Studi Kontekstualisasi tentang Perjumpaan Aluk Sola Pemali dengan Kitab Suci Kristen dalam Merajut Keharmonisan bagi Masyarakat Sillanan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aims of this study is to gain an in-depth comprehension of the teachings of Aluk Sola Pemali among Aluk Todolo adherents, and to facilitate a theological dialogue based on scriptural interpretation aimed at fostering harmony. This study employs a method that is qualitative and descriptive in nature, which involves both an analysis of relevant literature and conducting field research. To create harmony within the Sillanan society, field research was conducted by means of in-depth interviews to ascertain the meaning of Aluk sola Pemali, which was then compared with the teachings of the Scriptures. The research findings indicate that the encounter between Aluk sola Pemali and the Scriptures shares a common core teaching. In Aluk sola Pemali, the emphasis is on the way of life by Tintiri Buntu as a guiding principle, while in the Scriptures, rules and regulations are contained within the Law of Moses and the Law of Christ, serving as a way of life with a similar core teaching to Aluk sola Pemali. The particularistic differences between the two represent a beauty that needs to be embraced with an attitude of tolerance in weaving harmony.
Medicago truncatula DNF2 is a PI‐PLC‐XD‐containing protein required for bacteroid persistence and prevention of nodule early senescence and defense‐like reactions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti form a symbiotic association resulting in the formation of nitrogen‐fixing nodules. Nodule cells contain large numbers of bacteroids which are differentiated, nitrogen‐fixing forms of the symbiotic bacteria. In the nodules, symbiotic plant cells home and maintain hundreds of viable bacteria. In order to better understand the molecular mechanism sustaining the phenomenon, we searched for new plant genes required for effective symbiosis. We used a combination of forward and reverse genetics approaches to identify a gene required for nitrogen fixation, and we used cell and molecular biology to characterize the mutant phenotype and to gain an insight into gene function. The symbiotic gene DNF 2 encodes a putative phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C‐like protein. Nodules formed by the mutant contain a zone of infected cells reduced to a few cell layers. In this zone, bacteria do not differentiate properly into bacteroids. Furthermore, mutant nodules senesce rapidly and exhibit defense‐like reactions. This atypical phenotype amongst Fix − mutants unravels dnf2 as a new actor of bacteroid persistence inside symbiotic plant cells.
FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EMULGEL ESSENTIAL OIL OF CITRONELLA (CYMBOPOGON NARDUS (L.) RENDLE) AND ALOE VERA (ALOE VERA (L.) BURM. F.) EXTRACT AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Acne is described as an abnormal skin condition caused by the disruption of excess oil production and collaboration with bacteria. Aloe vera and citronella oil are plants that have antibacterial properties, including acne-causing bacteria. Purpose: To obtain a formulation that has an anti-acne effect. Method: This research method is experimental in which the formulation of citronella oil emulgel and aloe vera extract is made as much as 10-15 grams in each formula by varying the additional ingredients in each formulation. This formula was made from three different concentrations (F1 (6%:4%), F2 (4%:6%), and F3 (5%:10%)) and tested the physical stability, among others, organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, dispersion and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Result: There was no significant difference between the organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity, and inclusion in the eligible category. In contrast, the dispersion test had a slight difference in F2 and F3, which did not meet the requirements. Conclusion: Inhibitory activity test of the preparations obtained the average diameter of citronella oil emulgel preparations and aloe vera extract at concentrations of F1 (6%:4%), F2 (4%:6%), and F3 (5%:10%) are 11 mm, 10.7 mm and 16 mm and the ability to inhibit bacteria by all concentrations was in a strong category. Among the three formulations known to have the most remarkable effectiveness was at F3 (5%:10%) with an inhibitory diameter of F3 16 mm.
Free energy for non-equilibrium quasi-stationary states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study a class of non-equilibrium quasi-stationary states for a Markov system interacting with two different thermal baths. We show that the work done under a slow, external change of parameters admits a potential, i.e., the free energy. Three conditions are needed for the existence of free energy in this non-equilibrium system: time-scale separation between variables of the system, partial controllability (external fields couple only with the slow variable), and an effective detailed balance. These conditions are facilitated in the continuous limit for the slow variable. In contrast to its equilibrium counterpart, the non-equilibrium free energy can increase with temperature. One example of this is that entropy reduction by means of external fields (cooling) can be easier (in the sense of the work cost) if it starts from a higher temperature.
First Records of Day Roosts of the Nectar-Feeding BatLichonycteris obscura(Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We describe for the first time the day roost of the rare Lichonycteris obscura, a small specialized nectarfeeding bat that shows seasonal movements. Roosts were easily accessible cavities at or under fallen trees. As these structures occur frequently on slopes along streams, they are widely distributed, somewhat predictable and may be easily found by migrating bats. The use of such very common structures for roosting permits these small nectar-feeding species the seasonal access to areas with only temporarily high nectar resource availability.
Influence of message trust in online word-of-mouth on consumer behavior – by the example of food blog

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Rise and prosperous development of internet has changed the medium of word-of-mouth communication, which is no longer limited to the traditional face-to-face communication pattern. More and more people not only keep up interpersonal relationships, but also seek information and share experience through internet. It is pointed out by literatures that composition of source credibility, an important variable to discuss the influence of word of mouth, is classified into expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. This study aims at the discussion of the relationship between message trust in online word-of-mouth information and consumption behavior with the consumerd through the research finds that: (1) Different genders, ages, educational levels and food blog browsing frequencies have significant differences in expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness, message trust, and consumption behavior. (2) Three compositions, namely, expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness of source credibility have significant influences in message trust. (3) Consumers' degree of message trust in the food blog information significantly affects their food consumption behavior.
FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF PUBLIC CATERING ENTERPRISES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The competitiveness of public catering enterprises is a necessary condition for their successful operation. Competitiveness factors are divided into external and internal. It is necessary to pay special attention to internal factors, especially those that are highly amenable to guiding influence. This is manifested in the impact in such areas as the management of the enterprise, its staff and the menu.
Transfusion Medicine: Time for a Change: Patient Blood Management and the Ontario ONTraC Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite increasing recognition of the potential adverse effects of blood transfusion there is evidence that the procedure is over-utilized and often inappropriately and unnecessarily administered. Patient Blood Management (PBM) is a recent world-wide initiative to optimize transfusion therapy by employing preoperative and perioperative maneuvers and alternatives to avoid unnecessary blood transfusion. These approaches are, however, not restricted to the surgical setting, but may be applied whenever transfusion is contemplated. A key component of PBM is the appropriate management of anemia, a prime determinant of transfusion. Another is tolerance of anemia through the use of restrictive transfusion thresholds for transfusion and of a single unit at a time policy. Among a number of options at surgery, antifibrinolytics have proven effective at reducing blood loss and transfusion. Burgeoning literature demonstrates that PBM (also known as Blood Conservation or as ‘Bloodless Medicine/Surgery’) is costeffective while improving patient outcomes and conserving the blood supply. Data from the ONTraC program in Ontario are described herein to illustrate the effectiveness of PBM approaches
Clinical study of the management of scrotal swelling in adult patients at a rural medical college and research hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Scrotal swellings are commonest clinical entities in surgical practice. Hydrocele is abnormal collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis or any part of the processus vaginalis, which needs to be differentiated from other conditions and surgically managed. Methods: This prospective, observational study was carried out on 90 adult male patients between January 2021 to August 2021 diagnosed with scrotal swelling, admitted, treated at MVJMC and RH. Inclusion criteria were male patients of age >18 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with paediatric scrotal swellings. Routine blood investigations, COVID test and ultrasound of the scrotum was done. The patients underwent one of the standard surgical procedures and were observed for post-operative complications during their stay at the hospital and were followed up for 3 months. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software.Results: Collected data was analysed using SPSS-21. In our study hydrocele was seen in 48 (53.33%), epididymo-orchitis 5 (5.56%). 3 (3.33%) cases of varicocele, 2 (2.22%) cases of epididymal cyst and 1 (1.11%) each of sebaceous cyst, spermatocele, hematocele, sebaceous cyst, Fournier’s gangrene, infected encysted hydrocele, pyocele, scrotal abscess and filarial hydrocele. 2 (2.22%) testicular tumour and 21 (23.86%) testicular torsion. Of 90 patients 81 (90%) underwent surgery, while 9 (10%) patients were managed conservatively.Conclusions: Primary vaginal hydrocele was the commonest scrotal swelling. Ultrasound of the scrotum is diagnostic tool in differentiating from other swellings in the scrotum especially in testicular torsion when the testis can be saved. Jaboulay’s procedure was the commonest surgery performed with least complications.
Deep Sedation with Propofol and Remifentanil Using the Target Controlled Infusion System During Oocyte Retrieval

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız, hedef kontrollü propofol infüzyonu uygulamasına hedef kontrollü remifentanil infüzyonu eklenmesinin propofol tüketimi ve işlemin uygulama kolaylığına katkısını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Standart ovarian stimülasyon almış olan ve elektif oosit toplama işlemi operasyonu planlanan ASA I-II, 40 hasta çalışmaya dâhil edildi ve randomize olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Tüm hastalara Grup P ve grup PR'ye hedef kontrollü infüzyon cihazı ile plazma konsatrasyonu (Cp) 4 µg/mL plazma konsantrasyonu olacak şekilde propofol infüzyonu uygulandı. Grup P'ye plasebo infüzyon, Grup PR'ye ise Cp 1 ng/mL olacak şekilde remifentanil infüzyonu eklendi. Bazal, indüksiyondan sonra üçüncü ve beşinci dakika aralıklar ile kalp hızı (KH), ortalama arter basıncı (OAB) ve oksijen satürasyonu takip edildi. Derlenme süresi, işlem sonrası hatırlama, ağrı, bulantı olup olmadığı, fertilizasyon oranları, cerrah ve hasta memnuniyeti kaydedildi. Bulgular: Gruplar arası demografik verilerinin karşılaştırmasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Girişim sırasında indüksiyon sonrasından itibaren grup PR'de KH ve OAB değerlerinin Grup P'ye göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Gruplar arasında solunum depresyonu gelişimi açısından istatistiksel anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p=0,342). İşlem sırasında grup P'de hastalarda daha fazla istemsiz hareket ve propofol dozu ayarlama ihtiyacı gözlendi (p<0,005). Gruplar arasında derlenme süreleri, postoperatif bulantı kusma ve sözel değerlendirme ölçeği ile ağrı değerlendirmelerinde fark gözlenmedi (p>0,05). Cerrahın işlemi uygulama kolaylığı ve hastaların anestezi konforu değerlendirmelerinde ve fertilizasyon parametrelerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Sonuç: Oosit toplama işlemlerinde spontan solunumun korunduğu hedef kontrollü propofol sedasyonu uygulamasına 1 ng/mL plazma konsantrasyonu gibi düşük dozda remifentanil infüzyonu eklenmesinin propofol doz ayarlama ihtiyacını azalttığı ve girişim sırasında istemsiz hareket açısından yararlı olacağı kanısındayız.
Construction will depend on Greek consumer confidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Subject Construction sector. Significance Before 2009, construction was a main driver of domestic economic growth. Subsequently, a sharp drop in residential building and a decline in public infrastructure spending reduced output to half the pre-crisis level. Impacts The lower participation of those up to 25 years old post-crisis is likely to lead to future skill shortages. A drop in R&D investment and innovation will undermine construction firms’ future competitiveness. The improved investment climate under the new government should support net FDI into real estate, after record levels in 2018.