jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Right putamen hemorrhage manifesting as apraxia of eyelid opening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Yi-Hui Lin,1 Li-Min Liou,2,3 Chiou-Lian Lai,1,2 Yang-Pei Chang1,2 1Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 3Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Purpose: The purpose of this report is to demonstrate a rare clinical manifestation of apraxia eyelid opening related to a basal ganglia lesion. Case report: In this study, we report a 91-year-old woman suffering from difficulty in eyelid opening after being treated for myocardial ischemia with dual antiplatelet medications. She could open her eyelid with fingers touching her forehead. Brain computed tomography revealed a right putamen hemorrhage. Surface electromyography revealed persistent frontalis muscle contraction during relaxation of orbicularis oculi muscles. Apraxia of eyelid opening was diagnosed. Her eyelid symptom resolved 2 months later. Conclusion: Apraxia of eyelid opening may be caused by subcortical hemorrhage of the basal ganglia. In addition to the primary motor cortex and supplemental motor area, the basal ganglia may also play a role in eyelid opening. Keywords: intracranial hemorrhage, basal ganglia, orbicularis oculi muscle, frontalis muscle
Noise reduction under the hood of a portable air-purifying respirator system by means of a muffler insert.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Speech intelligibility is probably never more important than in emergency situations. Recently a manufacturer of a portable air-purifying respirator system requested assistance in lowering the noise level that users were encountering under the hood. In operation, the noise level and sound quality in the hood were reported to be objectionable and concern about the ability of personnel to communicate effectively was expressed. Typically, choosing quieter components would be the first step in evaluating various acoustical treatment packages. However, since the components of the blower exposed to the air path were already NIOSH approved, choosing an alternate blower was not a viable option. Polymer Technologies embarked on a study that evaluated the blower and the paths to the receiver, successfully providing attenuation options that could be easily implemented. Prototype testing proved that substantial acoustical attenuation could be achieved by utilizing an in-line muffler lined with acoustical absorption material. The maximum benefit achieved was in excess of a 14 dBA reduction in the overall sound pressure level under the hood at ear level and resulted in what was considered to be a more “acceptable” sound.
Auditory driving and affective influences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Summary Past research has shown that variations in musical tempo influence the perceived rate of visual motion. The goal here was to investigate whether this effect is influenced by audiovisual affect. Participants were presented with montages (slideshows) of positive or negative scenes accompanied by positive or negative music whose rate was either the same as, or 15% faster or slower than that of the montage. The results of a subsequent recognition task showed a higher false alarm rate to faster and slower visual scenes in the presence of accelerated and decelerated soundtracks, respectively. Moreover, the magnitude of these effects significantly increased when music–montage pairs displayed a positive and negative affect, respectively. In contrast, variations in visual rate exerted no influence on auditory rate recognition. These findings have implications for audiovisual art forms as well as theories of cross‐modal perception.
Membrane Proteins ‐ the Lipid Connection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipids are critical components of membranes and yet their precise composition and effects on membrane‐embedded protein complexes are often difficult to define. Using mass spectrometry I will show how we can add lipids and quantify their effects on the stability of membrane protein complexes using unfolding experiments. I will also show how results from these experiments inform about suitable solution conditions for crystallography and function. Turning to the endogenous lipid cohort that surrounds a membrane protein I will show how we can define these lipids and demonstrate their importance for function.
Heterocyclic Electrochemistry: Renewable Electricity in the Construction of Heterocycles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Numerous applications in the realm of biological exploration and drug synthesis can be found in heterocyclic chemistry, which is a vast subject. Many efforts have been developed to further improve the reaction conditions to access this interesting family to prevent employing hazardous ingredients. In this instance, it has been stated that green and environmentally friendly manufacturing methodologies have been introduced to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles. It appears to be one of the most promising methods to access these types of compounds avoiding use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species or precious metal catalysts, in which only catalytic amounts are sufficient, and it represent an ideal way of contributing toward the resource economy. Thus, renewable electricity provides clean electrons (oxidant/reductant) that initiate a reaction cascade via producing reactive intermediates that facilitate in building new bonds for valuable chemical transformations. Moreover, electrochemical activation using metals as catalytic mediators has been identified as a more efficient strategy toward selective functionalization. Thus, indirect electrolysis makes the potential range more practical, and less side reactions can occur. The latest developments in using an electrolytic strategy to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles are the main topic of this mini review, which was documented over the last five years.
Acyclic and Star Coloring of Powers of Paths and Cycles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. The $k^{th}-$ power of $G$ denoted by $G^{k}$ is the graph whose vertex set is $V$ and in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance in $G$ is at most $k.$ A vertex coloring of $G$ is acyclic if each bichromatic subgraph is a forest. A star coloring of $G$ is an acyclic coloring in which each bichromatic subgraph is a star forest.The minimum number of colors such that $G$ admits an acyclic (star) coloring is called the acyclic (star) chromatic number of G, and denoted by $\chi_{a}(G)(\chi_{s}(G))$. In this paper we prove that for $n\geq k+1,$ $\chi_{s}(P_{n}^{k})=\min\{\lfloor\frac{k+n+1}{2}\rfloor,2k+1\}$ and $\chi_{a}(P_{n}^{k})=k+1.$ Further we show that for $n\geq(k+1)^{2}$, $%2k+1\leq\chi _{s}(C_{n}^{k})\leq2k+2$ and $k+2\leq\chi_{a}(C_{n}^{k})\leq k+3.$ Finally, we derive the formula $\chi_{a}(C_{n}^{k})=k+2$ for $% n\geq(k+1)^{3}.$
Bacteriological studies of the Lake Erie nearshore and embayments (1973) and the mouth of the Grand River (1975-76)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Three surveys of the Canadian nearshore waters of Lake Erie were carried out in 1973 in order to determine the bacteriological quality of these waters. Most of the nearshore waters are of relatively good quality, with the exception of certain embayment areas and harbours (e.g. Wheatley Harbour). Significantly elevated levels of all bacterial parameters were found near the mouth of the Detroit River in all three surveys with the highest levels being detected in September.
Analysis of Main Roof Mechanical State in Inclined Coal Seams with Roof Cutting and Gob-Side Entry Retaining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The non-uniform deformation and failure phenomena encountered in steeply inclined coal seams during roof-cutting and gob-side entry retaining operations demand urgent resolution. Taking the haulage roadway of the 3131 working face in Longmenxia South Coal Mine as the research background, the theoretical analysis method is adopted to explore the mechanical state of the main roof in inclined coal seams and the design of roadside support resistance. According to the structural evolution characteristics of the main roof, it is divided into four periods. Based on the elastic theory, corresponding mechanical models are established, and the mechanical expressions of the main roof stress and deflection are derived. The distribution characteristics of the main roof’s mechanical state in each zone and the influence law of the coal seam dip angle on the main roof’s mechanical state are studied. This study reveals a critical transition from symmetric to asymmetric mechanical behavior in the main roof structure due to the coal seam dip angle and roof structure evolution. The results show that, in the absence of roadside support, during the roadway retaining period, the upper surface of the main roof is in tension, and the lower surface is under compression. The stress value increases slowly from the high-sidewall side to the middle, while it increases sharply from the middle to the short-sidewall side. Under the inclined coal seam, as the dip angle of the coal and rock strata increases, the component load perpendicular to the roof direction decreases, and the roof deflection also decreases accordingly. On this basis, the design formula for the roadside support resistance of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting in inclined coal seams is presented, and the roadside support resistance of the No. 3131 haulage roadway is designed. Building upon this foundation, a design formula for roadside support resistance in steeply inclined coal seams with roof-cutting and gob-side entry retaining has been developed. This formula was applied to the No. 3131 haulage roadway support design. Field engineering tests demonstrated that the maximum roof-to-floor deformation at the high sidewall decreased from 600 mm (unsupported condition) to 165 mm during the entry retaining period. During the advanced influence phase of secondary mining operations, the maximum deformation at the high sidewall was maintained at approximately 193 mm.
Studies on the Dutch prison system

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The series ‘Dutch studies on Crime and Justice’ is meant to meet this need for wider distribution. The series will consist of readers, each of which will present the results of research on a specific component of the justice system in The Netherlands. This volume, the first in the series, focuses on the prison system. The general studies in the first part of the two-part volume provide an overview of the main characteristics of Dutch correctional policy and research. The first chapter aims to give the non-Dutch reader a general idea of the criminal justice system in The Netherlands (in particular the correctional system) and to facilitate understanding of the other contributions. In the second part of the book the authors deal with a variety of special topics, among others the mentally abnormal offender, drug users, ethnic minorities and prison leave.
A toolbox for digitally enhanced teaching in synthetic biology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The global pandemic of COVID-19 has forced educational provision to suddenly shift to a digital environment all around the globe. During these extraordinary times of teaching and learning both the challenges and the opportunities of embedding technologically enhanced education permanently became evident. Even though reinforced by constraints due to the pandemic, teaching through digital tools increases the portfolio of approaches to reach learning outcomes in general. In order to reap the full benefits, this Minireview displays various initiatives and tools for distance education in the area of Synthetic Biology in higher education while taking into account specific constraints of teaching Synthetic Biology from a distance, such as collaboration, laboratory and practical experiences. The displayed teaching resources can benefit current and future educators and raise awareness about a diversified inventory of teaching formats as a starting point to reflect upon one's own teaching and its further advancement.
Improved Variable Step Size Regularized NLMS-Based Algorithm for Speech Enhancement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To minimize the noise level in speech signals, many adaptive filters, such as LMS and NLMS, are utilized to reach the steady state. The filter weights are adapted based on specific functions to enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the system output with a faster convergence speed. This paper proposes a new LMS-based variable step size algorithm to reduce the noise level in the corrupted speech. The new algorithm is compared with other variable step size algorithms in speech enhancement. The results show that the newproposed algorithm improves the SNR at the filter output. Moreover, it has fixed SNR improvement over a wide range of different input SNR values. Over this range, the proposed algorithm has more stable performance measures and achieves higher convergence speed and lower steady state error. It is also able to get very small misalignment values between the filter weights and the targeting channel.
hysterectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, indications, out-comes, and complications of emergency hysterectomy performed after cesarean deliveries (cesar-ean hysterectomy) and vaginal deliveries (postpartum hysterectomy). Study design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 1990 to 2002 of patients who had peripartum hysterectomies at a single tertiary hospital. Comparisons were made between cesarean and postpartum hysterectomies. Results: There were 55 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (38 cesarean hysterectomies, and 17 postpartum hysterectomies), for a rate of 0.8 per 1000 deliveries. Overall, the most com-mon indication for hysterectomy was uterine atony (56.4%), followed by placenta accreta (20.0%). Average estimated blood loss was 3325.6G 1839.2 mL, average operating time was 157.1G 75.4 minutes, average time from delivery to completing the hysterectomy was 333.8G 275.7 minutes, and the average length of hospitalization was 11.0G 7.9 days. The cesar-ean delivery rate at Grady Memorial Hospital during the study period was 14.2%. There were no statistically significant differences between variables examined when comparisons were made by cesarean vs postpartum hysterectomy. Conclusion: Uterine atony is the leading indication for emergency hysterectomy performed fol-lowing cesarean and vaginal deliveries.
Are You Ready for the 2022 Elections?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The fireworks from the 2020 elections are still fresh in our minds and yet politicians and their advisors are hard at work strategizing for the next election. Democrats are focused on retaining their narrow majority in the US House and protecting their working majority in the US Senate. But midterm elections often go against the party controlling the White House and Republicans see plenty of opportunity to regain control of Congress. Why does that matter now? Both parties are currently steering policy in Congress to help their chances in November 2022. \n \nJoin prominent Republican and Democratic consultants and campaign leaders to understand the behind-the-scenes maneuvering.
Magnetic Resonance investigation of palatalized stop consonants and spirants

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research in question is aimed at the experimental MRI-investigation of articulatory gestures corresponding to the soft Russian stop consonants [p’], [t’], [k’], [b’], [d’], [g’] and spirants [s’], [z’], [h’] countered with their hard counterparts [p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g], [s], [z], [h] in Russian speech production. An experimental dataset was based upon 2D MR-images, audio- and video recordings taken from 4 native speakers of Russian producing VCCV sequences (Russian pseudo-words with the second vowel stressed) containing Russian consonants under investigation in the vocalic contexts [a]_[a], [a]_[e], and [i]_[i]. All speaking subjects had standard pronunciation and were without any perceptible articulation disease. MRI investigation of the Russian consonantal phonemes was based upon admitted procedures and techniques though expanded with several new original methods elaborated by the Russian team of experimentalists. Experimental data was collected through several MRI sessions (done in a month and in a year with participation of the same speaking subjects), ensuring thereby credibility and robustness of the experimental results. A detailed analysis of the whole dataset of MR-images of palatalized Russian consonants countered with their non-palatalized counterparts revealed special articulatory pattern of palatalization in Russian. 1
Aplication of tax residence signs by The State Tax Service of Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of application of tax residency signs by the State Tax Service of Ukraine. The relevance of this issue is due to the ambiguity of approaches to the application of such signs to the definition, confirmation or deprivation of the status of a tax resident of Ukraine and further application of the mechanism of taxation of such a person. Incorrect determination of the residency may become an obstacle on the way of Ukraine joining the Single Standard for Automatic Exchange of Tax Information, as well as result in the increase of the number of law suits to the State Tax Service of Ukraine. A number of general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, comparison, generalization, dialectical and formal-legal method, as well as system and complex analysis constitute the methodological basis of the study. The article analyzes tax residency signs, applied in international and national legislation, judicial practice of application of tax residency signs, as well as possible ways of their application by the State Tax Service of Ukraine. It has been proved that in determining a natural person as a resident/non-resident the State Tax Service of Ukraine should apply the following attributes: 1) general (applied consecutively) – permanent residence, centre of vital interests, habitual residence, citizenship; and 2) special – provisions stipulated by international treaties for determining tax residency. The attribute of centre of vital interests is recommended to be used by the State Tax Service of Ukraine as the basic one by means of questionnaires for individuals. The necessity to introduce amendments and additions into the legislation concerning the clear determination of ways of application of the signs of tax residency by the STS of Ukraine has been revealed. It should meet the requirements of the OECD Model Convention, as well as expand the powers of the STS of Ukraine concerning the possibility to grant, change or recognize an individual as no longer having the status of a resident.
Enantioselective Aldol Cyclodehydrations Catalyzed by Antibody 38C2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[formula: see text] Aldolase antibody 38C2 catalyzes the enantioselective aldol cyclodehydration of 4-substituted-2,6-heptanediones (3) to give enantiomerically enriched 5-substituted-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ones (4). Yields, enantioselectivities, and product purities are markedly increased compared to the L-proline-catalyzed reactions.
Isolation and characterization of a fraction rich in ambiquitous enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mg/sup 2 +/-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PPH) and CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCT) have been recognized as ambiquitous enzymes. A fraction rich in the activities of these enzymes was isolated from rat adipose cytosol (1) by hydrophobic chromatography on butyl agarose and elution with buffer containing 1M NaCl; (2) by incubating cytosol with 1mM spermine at 23/sup 0/C for 30 min and centrifugation at 15,000 RPM for 15 min. This cytosolic fraction represented 5-10% of total protein and 60-90% total PPH and PCT. Such treatment of cytosol resulted in increase in the specific activity of PPH and PCT 8-20 fold. These fractions lacked lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosol marker and were also devoid of other enzymes involved in lipid synthesis, including glycerophosphate acyltransferase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase. SDS gel electrophoresis of these fractions indicated the presence of 8-10 protein bands. Electron microscopic examination showed the presence of lipid droplets surrounded by proteinaceous material and some vesicular structures. The presence of lipid in these fractions was also confirmed by /sup 32/P incorporation and autoradiography of /sup 32/P labeled lipids. These studies suggest that ambiquitous enzymes may reside in a separate membrane compartment present in the cytosol.
Early Cretaceous mafic dikes in the eastern North China Craton: implications for the effect of slab subduction on the mantle sources

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Early Cretaceous mafic dikes occur widely in the major gold districts of the eastern North China Craton (NCC), which are coeval and cospatial with many gold deposits, and these mantle-derived magmatic rocks provide a window to investigate the mantle compositions and metasomatism. Here, we present the Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Xiaoqinling mafic dikes and compare with regional geochemical and isotopic data for mafic dikes in Jiaodong, Xiaoqinling and interior of the NCC. The results indicate that the Early Cretaceous mafic dikes of Xiaoqinling and Jiaodong low-Ti group were derived from arc-like subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), that of Jiaodong high-Ti group were derived from OIB-like asthenospheric mantle, and that of the interior NCC were derived from both of lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle. Further, their mantle sources during Early Cretaceous were dominantly metasomatized by aqueous fluids derived from subduction slab as well as by limited melt and carbonate. Furthermore, the mantle beneath the Jiaodong low-Ti and Xiaoqinling is mainly characterized by EM2 type, whereas that of the interior NCC is mainly of EM1 type. Besides, the whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of these mafic dikes show clearly temporal and spatial variations with their ages of 145 ~ 110 Ma, reflecting that the mantle of the eastern NCC changed from the ancient IAB-like SCLM to juvenile OIB-like mantle through metasomatism. This process was controlled by the slab rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate during the extension.