jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GH Therapy in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis: Results of a Two-Year Controlled Study on Growth and Bone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Disturbance of growth frequently occurs in children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Recognition of growth impairment is important because reduced final height is one of the permanent consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human GH (hGH) in growth-retarded prepubertal children with JCA. Thirty-five children were tested for GH deficiency (GHD) and randomly assigned to a study and an untreated control group; five were GH deficient and were part of the GHD group. All received glucocorticoids. The study group was treated with 1 IU/kg BW.wk hGH; the GHD group was given 0.5 IU. During 2 yr of hGH treatment growth velocity and height SD score increased compared with baseline values. There was a marked increase in growth velocity in the treated groups, but also some increase in the control group. Plasma levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 increased with GH treatment. These results suggest that hGH might be useful in the treatment of growth impairment in JCA. GH may counteract the adverse effects of glucocorticoid therapy, but its effect is dependent on the disease activity. Long-term controlled studies are needed to determine the risks and benefits of GH therapy in JCA.
Symmetry-surfing the moduli space of Kummer K3s

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A maximal subgroup of the Mathieu group M24 arises as the combined holomorphic symplectic automorphism group of all Kummer surfaces whose Kaehler class is induced from the underlying complex torus. As a subgroup of M24, this group is the stabilizer group of an octad in the Golay code. To meaningfully combine the symmetry groups of distinct Kummer surfaces, we introduce the concepts of Niemeier markings and overarching maps between pairs of Kummer surfaces. The latter induce a prescription for symmetry-surfing the moduli space, while the former can be seen as a first step towards constructing a vertex algebra that governs the elliptic genus of K3 in an M24-compatible fashion. We thus argue that a geometric approach from K3 to Mathieu Moonshine may bear fruit.
One-step robust deep learning phase unwrapping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Phase unwrapping is an important but challenging issue in phase measurement. Even with the research efforts of a few decades, unfortunately, the problem remains not well solved, especially when heavy noise and aliasing (undersampling) present. We propose a database generation method for phase-type objects and a one-step deep learning phase unwrapping method. With a trained deep neural network, the unseen phase fields of living mouse osteoblasts and dynamic candle flame are successfully unwrapped, demonstrating for the first time that the complicated nonlinear phase unwrapping task can be directly fulfilled in one step by a single deep neural network. Excellent anti-noise and anti-aliasing performances outperforming classical methods are highlighted in this paper.
A comparison of hyphal growth ofCandida albicansin six liquid media

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Six liquid media were compared for their ability to promote hyphal growth of Candida albicans. The two clinical isolates used in this study reacted similarly. The proportion of hyphal growth and the time at which hyphal development reached a peak varied in the media tested. All media produced secondary growth characteristics of lateral budding after peak hyphal development. The Lee-Buckley-Campbell (LBC) synthetic medium induced the highest proportion of filaments; which were also longer than in the other media tested.
Rust-Infected Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Growth and Rhizome Bud Death after Glyphosate Application

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Photosynthesis decreased 32% in quackgrass infected with rust. Photoassimilate transport in rust-infected quackgrass, assessed by autoradiography, was less than that of control (no rust) leaves 35 min after exposure to 14 CO 2 . Greenhouse-grown quackgrass height, foliar and rhizome dry weights, rhizome length, and bud numbers decreased 11, 25, 28, 19, and 21% in rust-infected plants, respectively, compared to control plants. Foliar and rhizome biomass decreased 31 and 39%, respectively, in field-grown rust-infected plants. Rhizome bud death 48 h after treatment (HAT) in both control and rust-infected plants increased as glyphosate rate increased from 0.13 to 1 kg ae ha −1 ; however, control plant bud death was significantly greater than that of rust-infected plants.
Multilayer ceramic capacitor induced audible noise simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are one of the most widely used capacitors. Their small size, high capacitance, high reliability and low cost make them ideal for miniaturized electronic devices. However, their piezoelectric effect may cause the deformation of the capacitor associated with the applied voltage. Even worse, the deformation may cause the PCB vibration and potential noise radiation, which can be a problem for devices designed to be quiet, such as cellphones, earbuds, laptops, etc. This paper introduces how MLCCs can cause PCB vibration and noise radiation problems by simulating a single MLCC with piezoelectric effect. And then, a methodology is proposed on how to quantify the MLCC as vibration load source. Moreover, a simplified process is illustrated to simulate the MLCC induced noise radiated from circuit boards. Finally, a couple applications are demonstrated by using the developed process.
Exploring the Influence of Demographic Characteristics of Malaysian Citizens Towards Tax Evasion.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The higher number of tax evasion cases and increase in the statistics of unpaid tax in Malaysia shows that Malaysian citizens still rationalize that the act of tax evasion as tolerable and acceptable. This study examines the linkages between citizens’ of Malaysia attitudes toward tax evasion with their demographic profile. This survey was undertaken in Malaysia, involving a representative sample of 173 of citizens.The scope of this study is limited to the salary earning citizens and retirees only. The salary earning and retirees are chosen as they are the potential taxpayers that may pay tax in future and thus their opinions seem reliable. This study found that Malaysian citizens find it acceptable to evade tax on all sizes of income regardless whether it is “a small part”, “a large part”, or “all part” of their income. From the demographic profile factor, it was found that only age and nature of employment have a significant difference on the attitudes towards tax evasion. On the other hand, the respondents’ gender, level of income and level of education seem to bear no significant difference to their attitudes towards tax evasion. In relation to age, this study found out that older people of above 55 are more opposed to tax evasion compared to citizens in the range of age 25 to 34 and 45 to 54. Such findings are expected as older people tend to become more compliant as they respect the law and the government compared to young people (Ross and McGee, 2011). Secondly, from this study, it appears that retirees are more opposed to tax evasion and there have a two-way tied for the least opposed to tax evasion which is self-employed taxpayers and employers. Retirees might be the ones opposed the most to tax evasion due to their age. Older people tend to respect the authority and law, hence are more averse. Self-employed people might be the ones who are the least opposed to tax evasion that could be due to availability of opportunities to evade tax is larger compared to other groups. In this study, it is also found that employers are the one who are the least oppose to tax evasion. Perhaps, employers earning high income may think that the tax system would reap all their hard work. Besides, employers may perceive that there are too many red tapes that might be a hassle for the employers to comply, thus they tend to evade tax. This study has provided useful insights to facilitate tax authorities in imposing actions and strategies regarding tax evasion.
Sustainable Control of the Sugarcane Smut Disease Caused by &lt;i&gt;Sporisorium scitamineum&lt;/i&gt; Piep. Using an Essential Oil of &lt;i&gt;Cymbopogon citratus&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of treatment with a formulation based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on the incidence of S. scitamineum in sugarcane cultivation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions at the research site of the Bingerville scientific pole in Côte d'Ivoire. Some sugarcane cuttings of NCo376 variety were inoculated by dipping in a teliospores solution of 5.106 teliospores/ml. Before planting, the cuttings were cold treated in a C. citratus essential oil. Propiconazole-treated cuttings served as a reference control and untreated cuttings served as a negative control. Agronomic parameters of the cane and descriptors of smut disease were monitored for eight months to assess the health status of treated and untreated plants. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using the Newman-Keuls test at 5% significance level using Statistica 7.1 software. The results showed that, the pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus oil had a benefic effect on the cutting's germination, height, tillering, stem diameter, internode length, number of internodes and biomass of sugarcane plants with the doses of 500-ppm and 1000-ppm. Moreover, the incidence of smut disease was greatly reduced from the 500-ppm of C. citratus essential oil. In addition, the essential oil-based treatment had similar effects to propiconazole and much better than the untreated controls. Therefore, this pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus essential oil could be an alternative to the use of chemicals in the fight against sugarcane smut disease.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ring Construction Strategy in Taxane Synthesis: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Taxane CB‐Ring System.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
British Humanitarians and American Cotton, 1840–1860

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like other early nineteenth century religious and social reform movements the anti-slavery societies operated on a trans-Atlantic basis, with a regular exchange of ideas and personnel between Britain and the United States. The process was facilitated by the shared ideology and common background of many abolitionists on both sides of the ocean. This was especially true of the Quakers who had played such a prominent part in the early anti-slavery movement. British Quaker families were intermarried and maintained a network of religious and family contacts throughout the United Kingdom. They also maintained such close contacts with American Friends that historians have talked of a Quaker Atlantic community. That community shared many common social values and suffered similar religious tensions in its contacts with both Unitarianism and the more pervasive Evangelicalism.
The Power of a Co‐witness: When More Power Leads to More Conformity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Summary The effect of the power dynamic between co‐witnesses on memory conformity for images was investigated. Participant–confederate pairs were first presented with 50 images on a computer and then were randomly assigned to one of three social power role combinations analogous to those present in the workplace: manager and subordinate, subordinate and manager, or collaborators with equal power and status. After role assignment (but without ever engaging in the role‐related tasks), pairs were tested on whether each of 100 images (50 old and 50 new) had or had not been shown previously. Confederates always responded before participants. Subordinates were significantly less likely to conform than managers. Findings are discussed in light of the work‐related facet of social power and memory distortion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is E-speed dental film more sensitive to storage than D-speed dental film?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Two types of films with different speed, D-speed (Kodak Ultraspeed) and E-speed (Kodak Ektaspeed), were compared regarding film fogging under different storage conditions. The films were stored during one year at room temperature (+21 degrees C) without shielding, with 3 mm lead or with 200 mm iron shielding and in a refrigerator (+8 degrees C) without shielding. The films were processed in a standardised way and the film fog measured densitometrically each month. The film fog increased insignificantly with time for both film types under all storage conditions except in the refrigerator, where it reached unacceptably high levels and the faster film type (Kodak Ektaspeed) became unusable after 4 months storage in the refrigerator.
First record of White Wagtail (<em>Motacilla alba</em>) for Trinidad and South America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: On 26 December 1987, I found a White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), apparently a male of the nominate race, at the Aripo Agricultural Research Station at Waller Field, Trinidad. The bird was photographed by a member in my group. It was subsequently relocated by a group led by Richard ffrench on 2 January 1988. This record represents the first for Trinidad and South America. The only previous record from the region was a male (possibly the same individual?) in Bridgetown, Barbados, on 28 January 1987, which remains the only record from the West Indies. Keywords: distributional record, Motacilla alba, Palearctic vagrant, South America, Trinidad, White Wagtail Resumen: Primer registro de la Lavandera Blanca (Motacilla alba) para Trinidad y America del Sur- El 26 de diciembre de 1987, encontré una Lavandera Blanca (Motacilla alba), aparentemente un macho de la raza nominal, en la Estación de Investigaciones Agrícolas Aripo, en Waller Field, Trinidad. El ave fue fotografiada por un miembro de mi grupo. Esta fue subsecuentemente localizada por un grupo guiado por Richard ffrench el 2 de enero de 1988. Este registro representa el primero para Trinidad y América del Sur. El único registro previo para la región fue un macho (posiblemente el mismo individuo) en Bridgetown, Barbados, el 28 de enero de 1987, que constituye el único registro para La Antillas. Palabras clave: accidental Paleártico, América del Sur, Motacilla alba, registro de distribución, Trinidad Résumé: Premiere observation de Bergeronnette grise (Motacilla alba), pour Trinidad et pour l’Amerique du Sud- Le 26 Décembre 1987, j’ai observé une Bergeronnette grise (Motacilla alba), apparemment un mâle de la race nominale, à la station de recherche en agriculture d’Aripo à Waller Field, Trinidad. L’oiseau a été photographié par un membre de mon groupe. Il a ensuite été retrouvé par un groupe mené par Richard ffrench le 2 janvier 1988. Cette donnée représente une première pour Trinidad et l’Amérique du Sud. La seule observation connue pour la région était un mâle (peut-être le même individu) à Bridgetown, Barbados, le 28 janvier 1987, unique donnée pour les Antilles. Mots clés: répartition, Motacilla alba, espèces erratiques Paléarctiques, Amérique du Sud, Trinidad, Bergeronnette grise
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) reared in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Mairawita, Herwina H, Hidayat F, Janra MN, Diniyati F.. 2024. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) reared in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1352-1358. Vipers are widely distributed worldwide, including in the Asian region, and are currently decreasing in their natural population due to various factors. The most prominent characteristic is the exploitation of vipers for being human pets. Among other cities in West Sumatra, Padang is considerably dense with reptile hobbyists and owners who keep reptiles for their fancy, including the vipers, as this snake taxon has a colorful morphological appearance. This study aims to investigate gastrointestinal parasites in reared vipers in Padang City in terms of parasitic species inventory and their prevalence. Parasites were collected from the feces of vipers in Padang City from November to December 2021. Parasite extraction was conducted at the Animal Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. Fecal samples of reared viper species were obtained from 38 individuals (five genera and 10 species. Fecal samples were then processed with a centrifugation-float method to observe the parasites and four types of endoparasites were revealed, namely Kalicephalus spp. (38.8%), Ophidascaris spp. (33.3%), Oxyuris spp. (44.4%), and Rhabdias spp. (38.8%), in their egg stage. Gastrointestinal parasites in reared vipers in Padang City are more common as single infestation cases at 63% than mixed infestation cases at 32% and not infested only at 5%.
Generalizing the Elo rating system for multiplayer games and races:why endurance is better than speed

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a non-standard generalization of the Elo rating system for competitions involving two or more participants. The new system can be understood as an on-line estimation algorithm for the parameters of a Plackett-Luce model which can be used to make probabilistic forecasts for the results of future competitions. The system's distinguishing feature is the way it treats competitions as sequences of elimination-type rounds that sequentially identify the worst competitors rather than sequences of selection-type rounds that identify the best. The significance of this important modelling choice is discussed and its consequences are explored. Finally, our generalized Elo system's predictive power is demonstrated using data from Formula One racing.
The Mapping Class Group of a Minimal Subshift

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a homeomorphism $T \colon X \to X$ of a Cantor set $X$, the mapping class group $\mathcal{M}(T)$ is the group of isotopy classes of orientation-preserving self-homeomorphisms of the suspension $Σ_{T}X$. The group $\mathcal{M}(T)$ can be interpreted as the symmetry group of the system $(X,T)$ with respect to the flow equivalence relation. We study $\mathcal{M}(T)$, focusing on the case when $(X,T)$ is a minimal subshift. We show that when $(X,T)$ is a subshift associated to a substitution, the group $\mathcal{M}(T)$ is an extension of $\mathbb{Z}$ by a finite group; for a large class of substitutions including Pisot type, this finite group is a quotient of the automorphism group of $(X,T)$. When $(X,T)$ is a minimal subshift of linear complexity satisfying a no-infinitesimals condition, we show that $\mathcal{M}(T)$ is virtually abelian. We also show that when $(X,T)$ is minimal, $\mathcal{M}(T)$ embeds into the Picard group of the crossed product algebra $C(X) \rtimes_{T} \mathbb{Z}$.
The constitutional review in a state pretending to be ruled by law*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A state pretending to be ruled by law is a state in which the fiction of acting by state authorities on the basis of the law is created and maintained, although in practice this law is not only violated by them but also questioned as invalid. This chapter explains, by appealing to the recent jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, how the review of the constitutionality of the law may be used for building an aforementioned fiction of acting by state authorities on the basis of the law. The concrete examples of the depreciation of the constitutional review by the political authorities and the constitutional judges are provided and analysed. The chapter shows how the entire process of reviewing the constitutionality of the law has changed during the continuing constitutional crisis in Poland.
Comparison of Skin Toxic Effects Associated With Gefitinib, Erlotinib, or Afatinib Treatment for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comparison of Skin Toxic Effects AssociatedWith Gefitinib, Erlotinib, or Afatinib Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer.Four major skin toxic effects with different incidences have been reported from clinical studies, including acneiform eruption (60%-94%), pruritus (16%-60%), xerosis (4%-38%), and paronychia (6%-12%). 1,2However, a direct comparison of the incidences and severities of the 4 types of skin toxic effects for 3 different EGFR-TKIs in the same patient cohort has been lacking to date.
Quantitative approaches to physical ergonomic issues encountered while assessing workplace designs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ergonomic and design practitioners routinely make assessments of the appropriateness of a workspace. For example, practitioners must answer questions such as: “will the user be at risk of injury, is the space high enough, wide enough and deep enough to accommodate the intended users, does the design facilitate user performance”? Such assessments must include examination of the characteristics of both the work that is to be performed and the users’ capabilities and preferences in order to make conclusions regarding safety and facilitation of users’ performance. The nature of these assessments varies. They may be subjective; as an example, a practitioner may feel that a design requires too much repetitive motion or is too small to accommodate all of the intended users. The assessments may be based on tools that appear to be quantitative, for example, checklists for work related musculoskeletal disorders, reference to tables of anthropometric percentile data or on reviews of the appropriate technical literature. All these assessment methds require a conclusion regarding the appropriateness of the design; however, the quantitative basis of the conclusions is often unknown or unreliable. For example, the predictive validity of a checklist may not be known or limited anthropometric data may force the practitioner to combine percentiles by addition or subtraction, a practice known to lead to error. In this dissertation, quantitative methods suitable for use by practitioners are developed to address these issues. A method of dynamically calculating the predictive validity of checklists is introduced, as is a method for more accurately combining anthropometric data when only percentile data are available. Finally a method of determining user performance and preferences analogous to a “fitting trial” is used in order to quantitatively resolve a situation where previous research suggests contradictory design criteria.