jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-factorial failure of pressure-compensating emitters in drip fertigation systems: An in-situ sampling investigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pressure-compensating emitter (PCE) is an important equipment to improve irrigation and fertigation uniformity of drip irrigation system. Due to multiple factors, PCE failure would lead to the whole drip irrigation system failure and consequently affect the crop growth. However, few studies reported the key reason and influential factors of PCE failure yet. Therefore, an in-situ sampling study of PCE, which was collected from 16 different operating locations and all were operated for several years in the apple orchard, was conducted in this paper. The effects of water quality characteristics and climatic conditions on the fouling formation inside PCE and the mechanical properties of the elastic diaphragm were analyzed. The result indicated that the PCE relative average discharge (Dra) decreased by 4.65%− 33.19% after 3–9 years. The phosphorus content, average temperature, suspended particles, and pH showed significant impacts on fouling accumulation inside the PCE flow channel, particularly biofouling. Meanwhile, the stretch rate, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and the hardness of PCE elastic diaphragm were mainly affected by humidity conditions, longitude, SO42- content and pH. Both the fouling accumulation and elastic diaphragm variations synthetically decreased the Dra of the drip irrigation system. This study provides theoretical support to further improve the irrigation uniformity of drip irrigation systems.
Analysis of adopting an integrated DEMATEL on TAM and TTF model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explore critical factors influencing technological diffusion while organization adopts innovative information technologies. Enterprise A constructing a computer reservation system (CRS) is employed as an empirical study for analyzing the factors impacting utilization of innovative information technological system based on technology acceptance model (TAM) as well as task-technology fit model (TTF). Moreover, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to examine the causality along with interdependent level between items selected in integrated TAM-TTF model, and to assist in identifying critical variables of integrated model from CRS operator's perspective. The developed model helps managers understand key items for popularizing innovative technological information systems and formulate improvement strategies. This study contributes towards tackling the complex issues of CRS implication.
Subject and topic in Styatyimcets (Lillooet Salish)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The goal of this thesis is twofold: first, to describe some of the symmetric and asymmetric behaviours of transitive and intransitive subjects in St’át’imcets, a Northern Interior Salish language spoken in southwest mainland British Columbia; second, to consider how the Principles and Parameters framework (Chomsky 1981; 1982; 1986; 1992; etc.) can explain the asymmetries. Although many Salish languages are known to display ergativity in their third-person subject inflection, the extent to which these languages are syntactically ergative is not well documented—perhaps because their accusativity has been more salient. The question has not been investigated for St’át’imcets, and this thesis shows that there is at least one aspect of St’át’imcets syntax—relativization—that appears to be ergative. Evidence of ergativity in coreference across conjuncts in St’át’imcets is not as clear, though; rather, coreference is restricted by a rule of one-nominal interpretation (Gerdts 1988) and a constraint on parallelism of discourse functions (Matthewson 1993a), both of which are shown in this thesis to derive from more general constraints on discourse. Unifying the explanations for the various asymmetries is the idea—independently motivated and proposed to account for facts in other languages—that NPs that are topics are structurally higher than NPs that are focused. Salish languages are often presented as though they were radically different from other languages, but with respect to the complex and subtle data examined in this thesis, St’ät’imcets resembles other known linguistic systems. Most of the thta are from original fieldwork, and they will be useful in the kind of comparative Northern Interior Salish research begun by Davis et al. (1993), Gardiner et al. (1993), and Matthewson et al. (1993). Syntactic pivots have not been investigated in the other MS languages, and so establishing the ways in which Nla’kapmxcin (Thompson) and Secwepemctsfn (Shuswap) differ from St’át’imcets will ideally help to explain the nature of parametric variation in syntax.
Explaining Federalism: State, Society and Congruence in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Switzerland, by Jan Erk.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many works that explore federalism often tend to take the form of descriptive taxonomies that provide thoroughgoing detail of the intricacies of federal structures and practices. Perhaps it is because the individual federal cases may be less familiar to many readers that description, in works like this, can sometimes trump causation. What such studies sometimes miss are issues of explanation and theory. Thankfully, Jan Erk's analysis of the varieties of federalism in five nation states (four European cases plus Canada) in two policy areas (education and media) avoids straightforward narration. In so doing, he offers a sharp critique of a major school of thought among comparativists, namely new institutionalism, in favor of a more society- and culture-based framework that he suggests is stronger in explaining variation in patterns of governance in federal nation states. The book is organized with a first chapter on federalism and congruence in which Erk elaborates the main claim of the book, namely that it is the political institutions that adapt to form congruence with the underlying social and cultural structure. In doing so, he takes direct aim at the new institutionalism literature that argues that the causal arrows flow in the other direction. The subsequent five chapters are country case studies of Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland. This choice was a wise one because it allowed Erk to contrast countries that were ethno-linguistically homogeneous societies (Austria and Germany) with those that were ethnic-linguistically heterogeneous societies (Belgium, Canada, and Switzerland). Providing variation on the dependent variable proved a wise choice in letting the author test his hypothesis regarding the superiority of society-based explanations over more state based ones.
RANCANG BANGUN MODUL PRAKTIKUM SISTEM EMBEDDED BERBASIS RASPBERRY PI (PENGONTROLAN DASAR LED, LED DOT-MATRIX, DAN SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Embedded system is microprocessor-based systems that are used to perform certainfunctions. Embedded systems learning is very much needed, especially for students ofElectrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. This is evidenced by theexistence of a new course, namely the Embedded + Lab System. To support the convenienceof practicum in the laboratory, in this study, an Embedded+Lab System practical guide will bedesigned and built by utilizing the Single Board Microcomputer Raspberry Pi. It is hoped thatthis Embedded+Lab System practical guide will be useful for Electrical Engineering students,Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. This research carried out several basic designsthat will be used in the Embedded System module 1 practical experiment, namely the design ofa Light Emitting Diode (LED) control, LED DOT-Matrix, and seven segment display. The designof each control system will generally be divided into two parts, namely hardware design andsoftware design. The results of this study are a box 1 system embedded practical module andpractical guides, as well as the design of each control system, all of which work well.
Formation of a β-Pyrimidine Nucleoside by a Free Pyrimidine Base and\nRibose in a Plausible Prebiotic Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The problem of β-nucleoside formation under prebiotic conditions represents one of the most significant challenges to the RNA world hypothesis and to many of its proposed precursors. The possibility exists that alternative bases may have come before the contemporary bases (i.e., A, G, C, and U), including bases that more readily form nucleosides. In a search for pyrimidine bases that are able to form nucleosides in plausible prebiotic reactions, it was discovered that the drying and heating of 2-pyrimidinone with ribose produces a β-furanosyl ribonucleoside in approximately 12% yield. At least two other chemical isomers of zebularine are also produced in the condensation reaction. This work represents the first successful synthesis of a pyrimidine nucleoside from a free base and a nonactivated sugar in a plausible prebiotic reaction. A comparison of 2-pyrimidinone with the purine bases that have also been demonstrated to form nucleosides in plausible prebiotic reactions provides insights regarding what chemical features of the bases facilitate glycoside formation in drying-heating reactions.
Comparative study of red yeast rice with high monacolin K, low citrinin concentration and pigments in white rice and brown rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth pigments and metabolites of monacolin K and citrinin were compared for Monascus purpureus during 14-day solid-state ermentation on white rice and brown rice (Chai-Nart cultivar). Monascus purpureus IFRPD 4046 was selected as the target strain which produced the ighesth monacolin K content and the lowest citrinin content. Optimum fermentation conditions regarding moisture content, temperature and fermentation time were determined. A comparative study showed that monacolin K production in white rice was about twice higher than in brown rice. At the optimum conditions, concentrations of monacolin K dried at 55°C to constant weight were 132.98 and 66.48 mg/100 g in white rice and brown rice, respectively while citrinin was not detected. Results revealed that the IFRPD 4046 strain has a potential to produce red yeast rice with higher monacolin K in white rice thanin brown rice with low citrinin content.
The emergence of scientific management in America

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A scientific approach to management was initiated for the first time in America in the late 19th century. Scientific management arose mainly from the need to increase efficiency in America, but other key factors were the spread of big businesses and the expanding application of science in industry. The aims of our paper are to present the emergence of scientific management in America and to emphasize the contribution of some of the most representatives American authors to its development. The methodological approach is literature review. Our paper shows that scientific management was essentially an American achievement that provided useful lessons for the whole human society.
Anaplastic pancreatic cancer diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration showing hypervascular tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Rationale: Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is a hypovascular tumor, and characteristic findings are observed on imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in most cases. Patient concerns: Here we report a case of anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas (ACP) with characteristics of hypervascular tumor diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). A 70-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of exacerbation of diabetes. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a hypervascular tumor at the head of the pancreas. Diagnosis: EUS-FNA was performed. Osteoclast-like giant cells and tumor cells with polymorphic nuclei were found on pathological examination and she was diagnosed with ACP. Interventions: Although it was a surgical indication at the time of diagnosis, the tumor rapidly worsened. Oral administration of TS-1 (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil) was initiated. Chemotherapy was discontinued after the end of 2 courses because the tumor had increased prominently on CT. Outcomes: She died approximately a year since the onset of the illness. Lessons: ACP occasionally exhibits the characteristics of a hypervascular tumor and may require differentiation from other pancreatic tumors, such as neuroendocrine tumor. Therefore, pathological diagnosis by EUS-FNA at an early stage is important to determine treatment strategies.
Ring transformation of oxazoles to fused imidazoles. New synthetic route for 6-methyl-2,3-diphenyl-7,8-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and 5-methyl-2,3-diphenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole, and their perhydrobenzo analogues

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fused imidazoles were synthesized by an intramolecular ring transformation of γ-keto-oxazoles with hydrazine and by an intramolecular dehydration of γ-amino-oxazoles. γ-Keto-oxazoles (4) and (6) were prepared by the reaction of lithiated 2-methyl-4,5-diphenyloxazole (1) with the methyl enol ether of an α-bromo ketone, followed by hydrolysis. γ-Keto-oxazoles (4) and (6) gave the 7,8-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (7) and the 6,7,8,9,9a, 10-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-b]cinnoline (8), respectively, on treatment with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid. The transformed fused imidazoles (7) and (8) were further converted into the corresponding tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (9) and octahydroimidazo[1,2-b]cinnoline (10), respectively, by reduction with NaBH4. γ-Amino-oxazoles (11) and (12) were prepared from (4) and (6), respectively, on reduction with NaBH3CN in the presence of ammonium acetate. The pyrolysis of (11) and (12) provided the cyclodehydrated 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole (13) and 5,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-4aH-imidazo[1,2-a]indole (14), respectively.
A Study on Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in 18 Children, Including 3 Relapses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is the most common cause of acute sporadic focal encephalitis.Early Diagnosis is, therefore, crucial for predicting outcome.Improved laboratory technology and improved neuroimaging accessibility have enhanced our ability to diagnose this condition. Aims:To assess the reliability of different investigative tools in diagnosing and subsequent management of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE); as well as the impact of infection and its relapse on the outcome of a cohort of 18 children evaluated during a period of 13 years.Methods: This combined prospective and retrospective study describes the clinical, laboratory, electroencephalographic and diagnostic imaging studies; and outcome in a cohort of 18 children with HSE over a period of 13 years.It also details the clinical and diagnostic features of 3 patients who relapsed. Results:The commonest initial presenting symptoms and signs were fever (100%), seizures (72%) irritability (50%) and weakness/hemiparesis (39%).Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was found in 62%, red blood cells (RBCs) >10x10 6 /L in 81% and raised proteins (>0.59g/L) in 52%.Examination for herpes simplex virus (HSV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive in 50% (6/12).Electroencephalographic changes were universally abnormal (17/17; 100%) and periodic lateralization discharges (PLEDS) were seen in 35% (6/17).During the acute stage (days 1-8 from symptom onset), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormalities in 91% (10/11), cranial computed tomography (CT) in 50% (5/10) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), within < 7 days, in 75% (6/8).All patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir.There were no deaths but 3 patients relapsed after periods ranging between 18 days and 66 months.Eleven (61%) patients had no or minor sequelae (good outcome) and 7 (39%) had moderate or severe sequelae (poor outcome).Delayed initiation of therapy (> 3days from onset of symptoms) had significant association with poor outcome (P = 0.002).Initial negative PCR results may become positive on subsequent CSF specimen. Conclusion:Diagnosis of HSE requires combined clinical, laboratory, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging studies.Negative results of PCR do not exclude the infection and should not interrupt the treatment.Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment minimize the devastating effect of HSE.Full course treatment with acyclovir for 21 days is also crucial for prognosis and prevention of subsequent relapse.
A literature survey of low‐rank tensor approximation techniques

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract During the last years, low‐rank tensor approximation has been established as a new tool in scientific computing to address large‐scale linear and multilinear algebra problems, which would be intractable by classical techniques. This survey attempts to give a literature overview of current developments in this area, with an emphasis on function‐related tensors. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Amount of interleukin 12 available at the tumor site is critical for tumor regression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The C26 colon carcinoma is resistant to systemic recombinant interleukin 12 (rIL-12) therapy. Transduction of C26 with genes encoding the two subunits of murine IL-12 to release 30-80 pg/ml resulted in delayed tumor onset after injection of 5 x 10(4) cells into syngeneic BALB/c mice and in 40% tumor regression after injection into CD4-depleted mice. Here, we analyzed the activity of rIL-12 (1 microgram/day) against C26 grown into CD4-depleted mice. Like in mice given injections of interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene-transduced C26 cells, depletion of CD4+ cells led to tumor regression in 6 of 14 mice, and immumocytochemical characterization of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes showed abundant infiltration by CD8+ T cells and asialoGM1+ natural killer cells, which were scanty in tumors from nondepleted mice. On the basis of the percentage of tumor regression and leukocyte infiltration we can conclude that, in the C26 system, systemic rIL-12 (1 pmicrogramg/day) produces the same results as 30-80 pg/ml IL-12 released at the tumor site. A new polycistronic retroviral vector was then used to increase the amount of IL-12 produced by C26-transduced cells. C26 cells releasing 5 ng/ml IL-12, nearly 100 times more than the above-mentioned transduced cells, were tumorigenic in less than 50% of the mice given injections of 5 x 10(4) cells. In mice given injections of 5 x 10(5) cells, an initial tumor take of 100% followed by a complete tumor regression. Tumor regression was associated with infiltration of CD8+ and asialoGM1+ cells, and mice that remained tumor free were immune to a rechallenge of nontransduced C26 cells. The results indicate that the amount of IL-12 made available at the tumor site may determine both the type and number of infiltrating leukocytes and the events leading to tumor regression as well as it may overcame host immunosuppression.
Effects of symmetry on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow in a vertical duct

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetohydrodynamic convection in a downward flow of liquid metal in a vertical duct is investigated experimentally and numerically. It is known from earlier studies that in a certain range of parameters, the flow exhibits high-amplitude pulsations of temperature in the form of isolated bursts or quasi-regular fluctuations. This study extends the analysis while focusing on the effects of symmetry introduced by two-sided rather than one-sided wall heating. It is found that the temperature pulsations are robust physical phenomena appearing for both types of heating and various inlet conditions. At the same time, the properties, typical amplitude, and range of existence in the parametric space are very different at the symmetric and asymmetric heating. The obtained data show good agreement between computations and experiments and allow us to explain the physical mechanisms causing the pulsation behavior.
Making Brave Space: Beading, Reconciliation, and Urban Indigenous Geographies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While cities have historically sought to displace and exclude Indigenous peoples through a multitude of state-sanctioned discriminatory policies such as the Indian Act, today, Indigenous peoples and cultures are flourishing across Canada’s urban landscape and are creating new urban Indigenous geographies. Young Indigenous peoples are part and parcel of the vibrancy of urban Indigenous communities, especially given their involvement in promoting Indigenous cultures to wider audiences through social media. This project focuses on the spaces of solidarity and cultural exchange created by beadwork. This traditional art form and practice represents an important marker of Indigenous identity and a true form of cultural resurgence. While beadwork can represent a clear expression of one’s identity in the city, it also provides opportunities for social gathering and exchange. One such example are beading circles where participants gather to bead and socialize. Focusing on the city of Ottawa, Canada’s national capital, the study brings together the experiences of 13 post-secondary Indigenous students and artists, considering the role of beading circles on university campuses and how they can serve as what one interlocutor termed “brave spaces” and as sites of cultural and social exchange between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. It is argued that these networks of learning, exchange, and solidarity enable the formation of an urban sense of place while contributing to an Indigenous right to the city and to difference, ultimately furthering the process of Indigenous urbanism and the national project of truth, reconciliation, and healing.
Influence of exogenous hormones and season of lambing on uterine involution in the sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Fifteen Merino and fifteen Karakul primiparous ewes which lambed respectively in spring or autumn, were used in a factorial experiment to study the effect on the rate of uterine involution of intra-uterine injections of either oestrogen or cortisol. Lambs were removed and treatments given 24 hours post partum.
Recognition in the Law of Nations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Recognition in the Law of Nations Get access Recognition in the Law of Nations. By Satyavrata Ramdas Patel. Bombay, N. M. Tripathi; London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1959. ix+122 pp. Rs. 24. 30s. D. H. N. Johnson D. H. N. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 36, Issue 3, July 1960, Pages 361–362, https://doi.org/10.2307/2610039 Published: 01 July 1960
Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) terhadap Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the effect of population and Human Development Index (HDI) on poverty in Jambi Province in the period 2018–2024. Using panel data from 11 districts/cities and regression methods with the best approach Random Effect Model (REM), the results show that poverty in Jambi tends to fluctuate. Tanjung Jabung Timur has the highest poverty rate, while Sungai Penuh City has the lowest. This study provides empirical understanding to support the formulation of more targeted poverty alleviation policies at the regional level.