jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and Parasitological Aspects and Peculiarity Prevention of Infections Transmitted by Ixodid Ticks in Moscow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Following article represents an analysis of the epidemiological situation of tick-borne diseases in Moscow. The study presents incidence rates of Lyme borreliosis in Moscow city population and an estimation of Ixodid ticks abundance in «Sokolniki» park and its adjacent part «Losiniy Ostrov». We estimated the prevalence of tick-borne diseases in quested ticks collected from vegetation. We developed recommendations to prevent tick bites of «Sokolniki» park visitors. The article discussed the need to develop specific strategy and tactics for the metropolis to take preventive action against tick-borne diseases.
Use of Online Dating and Social Networking Sites and Risky Sexual Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the number of HIV/ AIDS continue to rise, it is important to constantly examine factors that contribute to the alarming rate at which sexually transmitted diseases especially HIV/ AIDS are spread in society. Online Dating and Social Networking sites have evolved over the years as more and more people are engaging in this kind of activity. Online social and dating sites give its users the opportunity to communicate with different people within their own social networks or are able to extend their own social network to include complete strangers. This could possibly lead to increased online interaction and later lead to offline activities and actual relationships. This study aimed to identify the level of use of social networking sites and dating sites and its relationship to users’ tendency to engage in risky sexual behaviors. By conducting a survey among 168 respondents, it was found that the respondents have a High level of usage of online dating social media platforms averaging 7 to 9 hours of use per week. The study also found that the respondents were likely to engage in necking, petting or have sexual intercourse with someone they met online. The respondents also said they would also likely have a one night stand with someone they met online and generally likely engage in risky sexual behavior with people encountered in online dating and social networking sites. The study found a positive but low significant correlation between the use of online dating and social networking sites and risky sexual behavior.
The Individualization of Activies of Blood Vessels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The functional activities of blood vessels in various organs have their own charac teristics,named individuality of blood vessel.One of the most outstanding characteristics is that the responses of blood vessels in various organs to the same stimulation are different,even contradictory.This physiological characteristic of the blood vessel guarantees that the blood vessel can make adjustable responses in varying parts and under different conditions to fulfil the functional tasks of circulatory system and to meet the demands of blood supply of recipient organs.The study of vascular individualization would benefit to explain the mechanism of blood vessel activities and is also important in the study of pathogenesis of vascular diseases.This paper gives a brief description on the vascular mechanisms contributing to the individualization of blood vessel.
Upregulated astrocyte HDAC7 induces Alzheimer-like tau pathologies via deacetylating transcription factor-EB and inhibiting lysosome biogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, will convert into the reactive state in response to proteotoxic stress such as tau accumulation, a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. The formation of reactive astrocytes is partially attributed to the disruption of autophagy lysosomal signaling, and inhibiting of some histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been demonstrated to reduce the molecular and functional characteristics of reactive astrocytes. However, the precise role of autophagy lysosomal signaling in astrocytes that regulates tau pathology remains unclear. Methods We investigated the expression of class IIa HDAC7 in astrocytes from AD patients and PS19 mice. PS19 mice were treated with AAVs expressing shRNA for HDAC7 with astrocyte-specific promoter and with a selective class IIa HDAC inhibitor, TMP195, and the effects on tau pathology, gliosis, synaptic plasticity and cognition-related behavioral performance were measured. Tau uptake and degradation assays in cultured astrocytes were utilized to investigate the role of HDAC7 on astrocyte-mediated tau clearance. Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, western blotting, RT-qPCR, mass spectrometric, and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify HDAC7 substrates, modification site and related signaling pathways in astrocyte-tau clearance. We generated a new antibody to clarify the role of HDAC7-mediated signaling in AD patients and PS19 mice. Results Here, we found that the level of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) was remarkably increased in the astrocytes of AD patients and P301S tau transgenic (PS19) mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of HDAC7 effectively enhanced astrocytic clearance of tau with improved cognitive functions in PS19 mice. HDAC7 could modulate astrocytic uptake and lysosomal degradation of tau proteins through a transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) acetylation-dependent manner. Specifically, deacetylation of TFEB at K310 site by HDAC7 prevented TFEB nuclear translocation with reduced lysosomal biogenesis and tau clearance in astrocytes, whereas inhibiting HDAC7 restored astrocytic TFEB acetylation level at K310 with improved tau pathology and cognitive functions in PS19 mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that upregulation of HDAC7 induces AD-like tau pathologies via deacetylating TFEB and inhibiting lysosomal biogenesis in astrocytes, and downregulating HDAC7-TFEB signaling is promising for arresting AD and other tauopathies.
The Human Growth-Hormone Gene Family

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human growth hormone (GH) is encoded by one member of a small, highly homologous gene family. The expression of these genes is under stringent tissue-specific control. The amino acid sequence of growth hormone, which is synthesized in the pituitary, is 85% homologous to chorionic somatomammotropin (CS, also known as placental lactogen), which is synthesized in the placenta (1), and the mRNA sequences are even more similar (93%) (2,3). Both proteins are major products of the differentiated cells that secrete them. In addition to this tissue-specific level of control, growth-hormone expression is further modulated by a variety of other factors. This is best characterized in the rat, for example, in which glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone synergistically induce growth-hormone expression (4).
Life expectancy of artists in the Low Countries from the fifteenth to the twentieth century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We investigated the role that urbanization and plague may have played in changes in life expectancy amongst artists in the Low Countries who were born between 1450 and 1909. Artists can be considered to be representative of a middle-class population living mostly in urban areas. The dataset was constructed using biographical information collected by the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie in The Hague, the Netherlands. As early as the beginning of the sixteenth century, life expectancy at age 20 amongst the artists had reached 40 years. After a substantial decline in the late sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries, when plague hit the region, life expectancy at age 20 began to rise again, and this upward trend accelerated after 1850. The life expectancy of female artists commonly exceeded that of males, and sculptors had better survival prospects than painters. In comparison with elite groups in the Low Countries and elsewhere in Europe, life expectancy amongst the artists was rather high.
Effect of Maltodextrin Replacement by Selected Native Starches and Disaccharides on Physicochemical Properties of Pumpkin Oil Capsules Prepared by Spray-Drying

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the study is to compare selected carbohydrates that differed in the glycaemic index: maltodextrin, three native starches (wheat, rice, maize), and two disaccharides (trehalose and lactose) used to encapsulation of model oil (in this case cold-pressed pumpkin oil). Encapsulation efficiency of pumpkin oil by spray drying, size of obtained capsules, oxidative stability of encapsulated oil, and retention of tocopherols, squalene, and sterols in surface and core material of capsules were determined. It was found that encapsulation efficiency varied from 35% for rice starch to 68–71% for wheat starch, maltodextrin, and lactose. The bulk density of capsules was independent of the used carbohydrate type (189–198 kg/m3), while their size was significantly lower for samples of pumpkin oil encapsulated in native starches (over 2 times compared to capsules with trehalose). Of the best lipid capturing agents (native wheat starch, maltodextrin, and lactose), wheat starch mainly bound tocopherols, squalene, and sterols to the capsule surface, while lactose to the core material of the capsules (35.5–81.2%). Among tested carbohydrates, native wheat starch acted as the best antioxidant agent (oxidative stability was 15.1 h vs. 9.4 h for pure pumpkin oil).
Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Eryngium glaziovianum Stem by Countercurrent Chromatography with Off-line HPLC-DAD Detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

O extrato bruto hidroalcoolico do caule da especie Eryngium glaziovianum (Apiaceae) foi fracionado por Cromatografia Contracorrente (CCC) usando um sistema de solvente de duas fases composto por n-hexano-acetato de etila-metanol-agua (0,5: 6: 0,5: 6, v/v) no modo de eluicao normal. As fracoes obtidas por CCC foram analisadas e parcialmente caracterizadas por HPLC-DAD off-line permitindo a identificacao de uma mistura de isomeros dos flavonoides glicosilados quercetina 3-O-β-D-galactopiranosideo e quercetina 3-O-β-D glucopiranosideo, alem dos acidos fenolicos clorogenico e 3,4-dicafeoilquinico. Estas substâncias foram totalmente caracterizadas atraves da minuciosa analise de seus espectros de ESI-MS/MS e RMN 1D e 2D. Assim, CCC demonstrou ser uma tecnica eficiente e rapida para a separacao e purificacao de metabolitos secundarios de fontes naturais e sua combinacao com a deteccao HPLC-DAD off-line permitiu a analise precisa das fracoes e a caracterizacao parcial das substâncias fenolicas.
Comparison of pre-hospital fluid resuscitation in patients with severe closed trauma combined with hemorrhagic shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the effect of pre-hospital fluid resuscitation on patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock.Methods 76 patients identified by severe closed trauma combined with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock were divided into two groups.The patients were pair matched 38 patients each,dependent on the difference in pre-hospital fluid resuscitation input volume,that is,restrictive fluid resuscitation and routine fluid resuscitation. The general clinical symptoms,treatment,organ failure in hospital,incidence and mortality rate of infection before and after admission were compared. Results Pre-hospital comparison of the two groups:infusion volume decreased sharply in the group of restrictive fluid resuscitation,[( 789. 6 ± 109. 4) ml vs( 2381. 9 ± 403. 5) ml,P 0. 01],resuscitation time shortened obviously [( 59. 3 ± 15. 5) min vs( 80. 1 ± 17. 4) min,P 0. 01]. Laboratory tests and treatment in hospital: hemoglobin increased sharply in group of restrictive fluid resuscitation [( 101. 0 ± 12. 9) g / L vs( 92. 1 ± 11. 8) g / L,P 0. 01],coagulation function improved [( 78. 8 ± 8. 2) % vs( 63. 1 ± 12. 6) %,P 0. 01],blood products input reduced,[CRBC:( 6. 4± 2. 1) U vs( 7. 5 ± 4. 6) U,P 0. 01; frozen plasma( 5. 1 ± 3. 0) U vs( 6. 4 ± 2. 0) U,P 0. 01]. Organ failure in group of restrictive fluid resuscitation( 21. 0% vs 39. 4%,P 0. 01),infection incidence rate( 13. 1% vs 26. 5%,P 0. 01) and other complications decreased. Conclusions Maintaining moderate fluid resuscitation pre-hospital improves coagulation function and oxygen supply,and decreases organ failure including infection incidence rate.
Offset bipolar electrode technology for minimizing collateral thermal damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Presented is an offset electrode technology that minimizes collateral thermal damage for occlusion of vessels during surgery. This electrode configuration is conducive to applications where collateral thermal damage may compromise peripheral tissue sites and structures. Radiofrequency energy may be applied to specific surgical sites for coagulation where controlled thermal damage is required to hemostatically occlude blood vessels. The average width of collateral thermal damage is 0.58/spl plusmn/0.43 mm using offset electrodes, indicating its promise for reducing unwanted peripheral tissue damage.
Catherine II and the French Revolution: A Reappraisal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeRésumé/AbstractTraditionnellement, Cathérine la Grande a été représentée comme une autocrate qui haïssait la Révolution française mais qui donnait vent à sa haïne plutôt en mots qu’en gestes, tout en profitant de la confusion pour diviser la Pologne. Cette interprétation est inadéquate. L’Impératrice a agi de manière effective contre la puissance toujours grandissante de la France, elle aurait même joué un plus grand rôle si les autres monarques avaient reconnu certains principes auxquels elle adhérait.La clef de voûte de la politique de Cathérine fut son soutien des émigrés et des princes royaux; elle était d’avis qu’une contre-révolution devrait être menée par des français si elle voulait réussir. Elle croyait également qu’il fallait une restauration des Bourbons pour garder la France en état de pouvoir éviter un démembrement qui serait à l’avantage des puissances occidentales mais non pas à celui de la Russie. En vue de cette politique elle a donné son appui, en 1793, à un projet éphémère tendant à attaquer la France avec des forces menées par le Comte d’Artois. Elle a aussi joué un rôle dominant dans la lutte commerciale et maritime contre la France. Et même si elle n’a jamais voulu envoyer des troupes russes à l’Occident, elle était aussi contrariée par la préférence britannique pour les Prusses en tant que bénéficiaires de leurs subsides, qu’elle l’était par le refus des alliés de reconnaître le Comte de Provence comme roi. Il est nécessaire de clarifier ses véritables intentions pour pouvoir arriver à une juste compréhension de la diplomatie de la Révolution française.
Case Study of Parenting Patterns in Five Long-House Families in Kampung Air Balikpapan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is essential to realize that wrong parenting can lead to serious social problems such as promiscuity, sexual violence against girls, early marriage, neglect, dropping out of school, and drug trafficking and use. This study aims to analyze the parenting style of children of families who live in the longhouse of Kampung Atas Air, Margasari Village, West Balikpapan District, Balikpapan City. The sociological perspective used is critical. This research uses the qualitative method of the case study approach. The research informants were five families living in longhouses consisting of mothers or fathers and children, community leaders, and local government. The results of the study show that the social reality of the longhouse family is not in line with the social order of the local community, such as; promiscuity occurs, children dropping out of school, early marriage, neglect of children and wives, and drug trafficking. The parenting style implemented is permissive and uninvolved parenting. Children are ignored so that they are not controlled in the association. Caring for children is the responsibility of the extended family, not the responsibility of the nuclear family, namely the biological parents, so children receive less attention from their parents during the growth period until adulthood. The research concludes that a parenting style not by the social order causes social disorder.
Amazon Mechanical Turk workers can provide consistent and economically meaningful data

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) is an online labor market that is being used increasingly often in the social sciences. This occurs despite significant questions regarding efficacy of the platform. In this article, we attempt to address some of these questions by exploring the consistency of the characteristics of individuals who participate in studies posted on AMT. The primary individuals analyzed in this study are subjects who participated in at least two of eleven experiments that were run on AMT between September of 2012 and January of 2018. We demonstrate subjects consistently report their age, gender, subjective willingness to take risk, and impulsiveness. Further, subjective willingness to take risk is found to be significantly correlated with decisions made in a simple lottery experiment with real stakes—even when the subjective risk measure is reported months, sometimes years, in the past. This suggests the quality of data obtained via AMT is not terribly harmed by the lack of control and low stakes.
229: REFRACTORY HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK IN A 20-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC STATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is characterized by highly elevated serum glucose levels and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis. It commonly affects adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Studies have reported increasing incidence of HHS in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Insulin deficient states such as HHS and DKA can result in hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), which can cause acute pancreatitis. The combination of HHS, HTG, acute pancreatitis has not been well described. Description: A 20-year-old male with poorly controlled T1DM was admitted with severe hypovolemic shock from HHS. He presented unresponsive and hypotensive with an initial pH of 6.7 and glucose >1400 mg/dL and was intubated. Multiple fluid boluses and an insulin drip were administered, and he was started on multiple vasopressors due to fluid refractory shock. Pertinent labs included BUN and creatinine 49 and 2.7 mg/dL, plasma osmolarity 343 mOsm/kg, lipase 1197 U/L and triglycerides 1065 mg/dL. Insulin drip was titrated with close monitoring of blood glucoses and blood gases. His HHS resolved on day 3 of hospitalization. With slow correction of his HHS and subsequent HTG, his lipase improved and normalized on day 4. Until then he continued to be hemodynamically labile requiring high rates of multiple vasopressors despite aggressive intravenous hydration. Due to worsening renal function and dyselectrolytemia, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was initiated. He was extubated on day 14 and trialed off CRRT with improving kidney function on day 17. Discussion: Insulin deficient states can activate lipolysis and release of free fatty acids. The subsequent HTG increases the risk of acute pancreatitis when serum triglyceride levels are >500 mg/dL. Few case reports describe the triad of HHS, HTG and acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is often overlooked in the setting of severe metabolic and neurological derangements in HHS. Even though, acute pancreatitis was recognized early in our patient, along with HHS, it likely contributed to his unusually long course of hypovolemic shock and acute kidney injury. Delayed diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and its complications in the setting of HHS can be life threatening and requires a high index of suspicion.
FY15 Mauritius Country Opinion Survey Report

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Country Opinion Survey in Mauritius \n assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better \n understanding of how stakeholders in Mauritius perceive the \n WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from \n national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral \n agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil \n society in Mauritius on 1) their views regarding the general \n environment in Mauritius; 2) their overall attitudes toward \n the WBG in Mauritius; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s \n effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, \n and communication and information sharing in Mauritius; and \n 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Mauritius.
Pautas para la creación de videos educativos para estudiantes y docentes universitario

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents a guide for the creation of educational videos for students and teachers which was based on the search for information on specialized literature, as well as on an instrument carried out for a group of university students to know their knowledge about the subject. The study has a diagnostic scope and based on its results and the documentary analysis of the specialized literature, a proposal for a guide for the creation of educational videos is made. The results of the questionnaire reveal that videos are used and created with great frequency for educational purposes, but there is no methodology or systematized process for their creation, a need that coincides with other studies in the discussion. Therefore, we conclude with the design of the guide that aims to give general recommendations for carrying them out, identifying the ideal context to use it and what tools are needed to create this Digital Teaching Material and facilitate the teaching and learning process.
Investigation of somatic variants associated with seed content in grapevine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two different mechanisms are involved in grape seedlessness, namely parthenocarpy and stenospermocarpy. In parthenocarpic conditions fruit usually develops from the ovary in the absence of fertilization yielding small berries that completely lack seeds, whereas in stenospermocarpy pollination and fertilization take place normally, but seed development aborts at an early stage after fertilization and berry size at harvest is reduced. Most cultivated seedless grapes exhibit the Sultanina-derived stenospermocarpy whereas different sources of seedlessness have been much less investigated and exploited. \nHere we report the characterization of several somatic variants for seed content discovered in the grapevine germplasm collections at FEM and CNR-IPSP. These accessions were evaluated for fruit and seed set in open-pollinated, self-pollinated, and emasculated conditions. \nSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) candidates between seeded and seedless mutants were identified by using the Vitis20K SNP array and RNA-Seq-based variant calling. The latter was applied to the transcriptome comparison between Sangiovese and Corinto Nero cultivars previously reported by Nwafor et al (2014).