jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
T-Cell Function in Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) Following Alemtuzumab (Campath®) or Fludarabine Treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fludarabine and alemtuzumab (humanized anti-CD52 antibody, Campath®) are both used as routine therapy for patients with B-CLL. Fludarabine and in particular alemtuzumab, in addition to their antitumor effects, induce long-lasting suppression of T-cell numbers in blood. T-cell suppression, in combination with advanced disease, may result in an increased risk of opportunistic and other infections. In addition to a decrease in circulating T cells, functional defects in T cells have been described following alemtuzumab therapy for non-malignant disorders; however, only a limited amount of information exists about the effect of alemtuzumab on T-cell function in patients with B-CLL. The aim of the present study was to characterize in detail various aspects of T-cell function in patients with B-CLL who were in stable unmaintained PR or CR following fludarabine (n = 9) and alemtuzumab (n = 10) treatment as well as in age-matched healthy control donors (n = 10). CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets of freshly obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed by flow cytometry to measure the expression of TCR-CD3 ζ chain, p56Lck, p59Fyn, ZAP-70, and PI3 Kinase as well as intracellular production of IFN-γ and IL-4. Additional analyses were performed to measure the proliferative response capability to a recall antigen (PPD) in alemtuzumab-treated patients and (as a control) indolent, untreated B-CLL patients (n = 11). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 (measured as mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]), but not the total number of positive cells, was significantly higher in CD4 and CD8 T cells for both CLL groups compared to healthy donors with the highest expression observed in alemtuzumab-treated patients. The total number of T cells that expressed the five signaling molecules was significantly lower in treated patients versus control donors; however, there were no differences between fludarabine- and alemtuzumab-treated patients. MFI analysis showed a significant increase in the TCR-CD3 ζ chain in fludarabine-treated patients compared to control donors; however, MFI analysis revealed no other significant differences between control group patients and fludarabine- and alemtuzumab-treated patients. Moreover, the proliferative response to PPD was not significantly different in alemtuzumab-treated patients and indolent CLL patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that the intrinsic signal transduction machinery in T cells is relatively well-preserved, such that T cells remain functionally intact following fludarabine or alemtuzumab therapy despite a marked reduction in their numbers. These results provide a better understanding of the immune suppression induced by alemtuzumab and fludarabine therapy in B-CLL patients.
Participatory Territorial Planning: A Knowledge Management-Based Tool for Socioecological Analysis in Arid Zones

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter examines participatory land use planning as a knowledge management tool for socioecological analysis in arid zones. It underscores the deep interdependence of social and ecological systems, advocating for an integrated management approach to tackle the complex challenges inherent in these environments. This approach is especially critical in Mexico's arid and semiarid regions, where the convergence of ecological fragility and social vulnerability makes sustainable management a pressing necessity. The Knowledge Management (KM) model is operationalized through the establishment of Citizen Science Nodes, which serve as platforms for collaboration among local stakeholders, academic researchers, and government agencies. These nodes enable a more inclusive and informed decisionmaking process by integrating diverse perspectives and various knowledge systems. The KM model uniquely merges traditional, locally rooted knowledge with contemporary scientific insights, fostering a comprehensive approach to community territorial planning to ensure thorough analysis and planning. Participatory methodologies, such as social mapping and community workshops, are employed. Accordingly, in this chapter, the construction process of an analytical model is derived from three case studies carried out in the Mixteca Poblana region and the accumulated field experience during the past nineteen years. In this model, traditional agricultural practices and ancestral knowledge are key factors in achieving ecological sustainability. Additionally, this chapter addresses modern challenges such as urbanization and globalization, which have a significant impact on the resilience of complex socioecological systems. The main findings suggest that integrating a socioecological approach with effective knowledge management not only strengthens community participation but also enhances resilience, offering a highly adaptable framework for sustainable natural resource management in arid zones.
Duplex surface treatment of steels by nitriding and chromizing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Duplex surface treatment, that is, chromizing and plasma nitriding (PN) of steels have attracted interest from industrial sectors because of its attractive properties and ability to apply on different types of steels. This paper aims to investigate duplex treatment on different types of steels at different treatment conditions. The improvements of the treated surfaces in terms of morphology and thickness, composition, surface hardness and roughness, as well as wear and friction of the engineered layer have been analysed. It was found that several layers of different thickness are formed due to duplex treatment which depends on the specimen’s carbon content and treatment temperature. Mainly carbides and nitrides of chromium and iron are formed, where the amount and composition of them are controlled by duplex treatment process parameters. These compounds enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the treated surface. The CrxN phase is the main contributor towards high microhardness of duplex-treated layers. In addition to high hardness, it also provides excellent wear resistance properties. The PN process reduces the coefficient of friction of chromized steels due to the lower friction coefficient of chromium nitride. However, the surface roughness of the treated surface increases due to the intrinsic properties of formed phases.
Changes in the Retinal Structure and in the Gene Expression Levels of VEGF, After Rapamycin and Rapamycin Plus Bevacizumab Intravitreal Injection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical changes and gene expression levels of VEGF, after rapamycin and rapamycin plus bevacizumab intravitreal injection on an animal model of choroidal neovascularization. Methods:We included the eyes of twelve Landrace pigs with laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.The animals were divided in four groups.Group A received a control dose of intravitreal BSS.Group B received an intravitreal dose of rapamycin (1mg/ml), group C received intravitreal bevacizumab (2.25mg/ml) and group D received a combination of both drugs with the same doses.Twenty one days after injection, the eyes were enucleated and retina tissue was harvested for mRNA extraction, reverse transcription and RT-PCR.The gene expression was estimated with a linear regression model.A Friedman/Wilcoxon W test and Mann Whitney U test was used to compare VEGF expression levels between groups Results: The level of VEGF expression in group A was: 240pg/ml, in group B: 186pg/ml, in group C: 100pg/ ml and in group D: 70pg/ml.There was a statistical difference between the control and group C and D (p<0.05 and 0.01).The histological analysis yielded no structural changes in any group.Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of rapamycin and rapamycin plus bevacizumab appears to have no effect on the anatomical structure of the retina.The VEGF expression level was reduced in all study groups.The combination of both drugs appears to have an additive effect but the mechanism is not yet clear.
Oropharyngeal Examination for Suspected Epiglottitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sir.—I agree with the findings of Mauro and associates. For the past 26 years I have used similar criteria and protocols for assessing the supraglottis. I have not observed any incidence of vasovagal responses nor have I observed trauma to the mouth, as described by Mauro et al. This may be because of my long-term relationship with my patients and their parents and several substantial differences in technique. The parent and the child are asked to sit on my treatment room table. The child sits up on his parent's lap and is asked to "pant like a puppy" and keep his chin down (neck flexed). If this cannot be accomplished an adult restrains the child by pressing the child's arms onto the sides of his head as he lays on the table with his head flexed on a cushion. I have found that an indirect laryngoscopy is much less traumatic
The Role of Mitochondrial Ion Channels in Ischemic Preconditioning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

心筋細胞のミトコンドリア内膜に存在するATP感受性K+ (mitoKATP) チャネルやCa2+活性化K+ (mitoKCa) チャネルは, プレコンディショニングの成立に重要な役割を担っている. MitoKATPチャネルの活性化によりK+が細胞質からマトリックスへ流入すると, ミトコンドリア内膜が脱分極し, Ca2+のdriving forceが減少するのでミトコンドリアCa2+過負荷が抑制される. MitoKCaチャネルも同様のメカニズムでミトコンドリアCa2+過負荷を抑制する. ミトコンドリアCa2+過負荷の軽減は膜透過性遷移孔の開口を遅らせるためアポトーシスも抑制するので, 強力な心筋保護作用を発揮すると考えられる.
From One Addiction to Another

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Once the alcoholic or drug addict has stopped drinking or using drugs, other addictive behaviors are frequently adopted. These factors must be considered in planning the overall recovery program. Substances likely to be used to excess include nicotine, caffeine, sugar, chocolate, nutritional supplements and medicinal herbs. Addictive behaviors adopted by recovering persons include eating disorders, exercise and body building, workaholism, and dependency on one's own adrenalin. Breaking the cycle of addiction requires commitment to a program of self-growth and becoming responsible for one's actions.
A Report of a Small Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は68歳の女性で，C型慢性肝炎の経過観察中に腹部超音波検査で肝腫瘍を指摘された．US上腫瘍は肝S7に，辺縁に高エコー帯を伴う17 mm大の境界明瞭な低エコー結節として描出された．内部には5 mm大の無エコー域を伴っていた．造影CTで病変はドーナッツ状にenhanceされ，門脈相では低吸収域を示した．術前の大腸内視鏡検査で小さなS状結腸癌が発見されたが，画像は肝細胞癌・転移性肝癌のいずれにも典型的ではなく，鑑別診断に腐心した．切除の結果，腫瘍は中心部に壊死を伴う，境界明瞭な白色調の結節で，組織学的には紡錘型細胞により構成され，肉腫様肝細胞癌と判定した．腫瘍は薄い被膜を伴い，高分化型肝細胞癌が辺縁を輪状に取り囲んでいた．本例はTAEなどの前治療もなく，臨床症状を欠き，肉腫様肝癌としては極めて小さい．肉腫様肝癌の自然史を考えるうえで示唆に富む症例と考えられたので報告を行った．
Research and development on perching aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays UAVs and MAVs are playing more and more important roles in both civil and military applications. Their variation in sizes and specific designed functions provide great flexibility in deployment. There are already plenty types of mature UAVs are developed in which surveillance UAVs take up a great part and the family is still expanding with improved capabilities. However, the greatest shortfall in such UAVs has been repeatedly identified as insufficient flight persistence or “hang time”. Many researches and developments have been done on this area and two tackling methods are proposed. Either the engine performance shall be improved continuously or a temporary stopover for UAVs at interesting places can be achieved. (Labs and Corporation 2012) The second method is more promising and feasible as it is not constrained by technological limitations and requires less fuel and care from the operators which makes it environmental friendly and economic. Besides, stationary surveillance will lower the possibility of UAVs to be detected, which is very crucial for military users. This final year project follows the second proposal by researching and developing perching mechanism for two types of UAVs, unpowered gliders and powered quadrotors so that they can perch on certain targets, e.g. tree branches and poles and power off engines while conduct missions and eventually return back to bases. The team consists of three FYP students and one doctoral student. It is a continuous working from previous year and plenty of research, development and tests are done with work distributed. The three sub-working area are assigned to three FYP students, i.e. Mr Lee Wei Chong takes charge of design, Mr Tan Chun Yong focus on testing and the author does major work on development. Comprehensive studies and try are done to develop the real scale and flyable ready prototypes to grasp tubes with diameter ranging from 3cm to 10 cm. (Smiley, Greco et al. 2000) Two prototypes are eventually built to be tested for glider and quadrotor correspondingly. Inspirations are drawn from birds’ claws structures and working principles. The prototype for quadrotors resembles birds’ claws with three digits driven by a servo motor to open and close accordingly. Then the mechanism is tested in a comprehensive environment to capture its motion for validation and analysis. The result shows that the mechanism is working well with reliable ability and consistency to grasp desired targets in various conditions. The test is further analysed with acquisition of data for further improvement. It is noted that some areas and improvements are still to be worked on in the next phase of the project.
‘Uphill’ permeation of carbon dioxide across a composite molten salt-ceramic membrane

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Here, we show how a membrane can be designed and operated to achieve 'uphill' permeation of carbon dioxide against its own chemical potential difference by employing the transport of carbonate ions with coupled 'downhill' permeation of oxygen. Absolute values of the carbon dioxide permeability of the order of 106 Barrers are achieved experimentally over more than 200 h of operation. These permeabilities are some four orders of magnitude greater than polymeric gas separation membranes. We believe that these high permeabilities are due to the effective use of the oxygen chemical potential difference across the membrane as a driving force for carbonate transport.
Reactions of oxygen atoms with acetylene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of oxygen atoms with acetyleneDavid G. Williamson and Kyle D. BayesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 5, 1232–1237Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100725a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100725a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comments on Fermi's Statistical Theory of High Energy Nuclear Events

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Minor errors in Fermi's paper and McConnell's article on pion and nucleon-antinucleon pair production in highenergy interactions are pointed out. The correction indicates twice as many nucleons and antinucleons as pi mesons, whereas Fermi's estimate of n/sub N/ was too large by about 16%. McConnell's article includes this error and in addition states that W/sup 1/ = 2W/sup 2//Mc/ sup 2/ for the total energy in the laboratory- system. The correct expression is W/sup 1/= W/sup 2//2Mc/sup 2/. (L.N.N.)
Infectivity and neutralization of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cryptosporidiosis, a diarrheal disease of calves and humans caused by the coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, is terminated in hosts with normal immune systems. To assess the mechanisms of immunity in cryptosporidiosis, it is necessary to isolate and quantitate sporozoites, the infective stage of Cryptosporidium spp. Here we report the (i) separation of infective C. parvum oocysts from calf feces by ether extraction, sieving, and hypochlorite treatment; (ii) separation of viable C. parvum sporozoites from intact and excysted oocysts by anion-exchange chromatography; and (iii) quantitation of sporozoite infectivity in vivo by direct intraintestinal injection of isolated sporozoites in 7-day-old BALB/c mice. When isolated sporozoites were incubated with heat-inactivated immune bovine serum, 25 times the 50% infective dose for 7-day-old mice was completely neutralized. Sporozoites incubated with preimmune bovine serum were infectious for 7-day-old mice.
The Use of EOS Imaging to Assess Curve Magnitude Changes in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Undertaking Brace Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the use of EOS (bi-planer) imaging and SterEOS reconstruction software to study the efficacy of spinal bracing in adolescent <br/>idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). EOS images of scoliosis patients being treated with bracing were obtained both in and out of their brace. These images were processed using SterEOS software to allow 3D representation, which was then compared to traditional coronal 2D parameters. Over a 12-month period 29 patients were recruited for participation. Of these participants, 25 had a single episode of EOS imaging out of and in their brace. Additionally, 19 of the 25 participants had further episodes of EOS imaging within the study period, separated by mean 144+/-44 days. This allowed a total of 44 EOS single scan episodes for parameter analysis out of, and in the brace. Longitudinal analysis was also performed on the 19 patients who had sequential scans. Participants were mean 13.8 ± 1.1 years old at the first scan. Coronal 2D parameters, specifically Cobb Angle measurement, were accurately reproducible with SterEOS 3D measurements. Across all EOS scans (n = 44) the mean major coronal curve measurement was 42.3 ± 13.3° out of brace and 37.2 ± 13.8° in the brace. This produced a mean correction of 4.6 ± 4.4° (p < 0.05). The correction achieved in this cohort with bracing appeared more modest than those reported in previous studies using traditional 2D coronal curve measurements [1-3]. The mean axial vertebral rotation (AVR) was 10.6 ± 7.1° out of the brace and 9.6 ± 6.8° in the brace, with a mean correction of 1.4 ± 5.3°(p = 0.14). The current study results suggested no significant change in axial vertebral rotation with brace treatment. Notably, in 17 of the 44 AVR measured, the differences were negative. That is, the AVR worsened in the brace. There was a significant moderate correlation between 3D coronal Cobb angle measured and AVR measured out of the brace for all curves. However, the change in Cobb and change in AVR with bracing did not correlate. Over sequential EOS episodes (n = 19), there appeared no significant progression of 3D parameters. There appeared to be a consistent reduction in the scoliosis Cobb angle of the major curve with brace treatment. AVR demonstrated no significant change with bracing, with instances of worsening of AVR in the brace, which was not reflected by Cobb angle measurement. Despite this, bracing appears to have limited curve progression in sequential scans, though not in the anticipated manner of immediate in-brace curve correction.
Adaptive Control System of Transport Wheels Electromechanical Braking

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of the controlled electromechanical braking devices for transport wheel is discussed. The generalized functional block diagram of an electromechanical braking device is described. The mathematical model describing dynamic behavior of the braking transport wheel with pneumatic tires and electromechanical engine is given in detail. On the basis of the developed mathematical model a system of direct adaptive control of the braking mode transport wheels is build. Control law at the same time suppresses the effect of elastic deformation. Some results of efficacy studies of adaptive control system constructed are also given.
An ExtraduralEn-PlaqueMeningioma Involving Thoracic Spine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

45세 여자 환자로 내원 전 2개월부터 시작된 양하지 무력감, 이상 보행, 양하지 감각저하 및 이상 감각을 주소로 내원하였다. 내과 적 질환이나 외상의 기왕력은 없었다. 내원 당시 이학적 검사상 유두와 배꼽 사이 이하로 감각저하 및 이상감각 소견을 보였으 며, 고관절 이하로 양하지 근력이 4/5 정도로 감소되어 있었다. 심 부건반사는 양측으로 항진되어 있었고, 양측 족간대성 경련 양성 소견을 보였다. 단순 방사선 사진에서는 경미한 측만 변화가 관 찰되었고, 뚜렷한 골 파괴 소견 등은 보이지 않았다. 자기공명영 상 소견에서는 T1 및 T2 강조영상에서 척수와 비슷한 신호강도를 보이는 비교적 경계가 명확한 약 33 mm의 경막 외 종양이 흉추 6, 7번에 걸쳐서 우측 흉추 6번 신경근을 포함하여 척수를 후방에 서 압박하고 있는 소견이 관찰되었으며, 우측 흉추 6번 신경공의 확장 소견이 관찰되었다. 이 종양은 가돌리니움(gadolinium) 조 영 증강 영상에서는 경막과 명확한 경계의 균질의 조영 증강 소 견을 보였다(Fig. 1). 경막 외 종양으로는 거대세포종, 혈관종, 동 맥류성 골낭종 등 척추의 전방 또는 후방의 골을 침범하는 종양 이 대부분이나, 본 증례에서는 골 파괴 소견이 보이지 않아 진단 에서 배제시켰고, 판형의 경막 외 종양으로는 전이성 병변과 임 파종의 감별이 필요했다. 술 전 검사에서 혈액 검사, 혈액 도말 검 사 및 단순 흉부 방사선 사진에서 이상 소견은 없었으며, 종양 표 지자 검사는 정상이었다. 흉부 및 복부 전산화 단층 촬영이 전이 성 병변과 임파종의 감별에 도움이 되나 환자의 병력상 내원 전 체중 감소나 사지 및 추체의 동통 등 특이 소견이 없고, 여러 혈액 검사에서 정상 소견이 보여 시행하지 않았으며, 전이성 병변이 나 임파종은 수막종에 비해 골 파괴 소견이 많아 가능성은 적으 pISSN : 1226-2102, eISSN : 2005-8918 400
Effect of Particles on the Recovery of Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Source Water Samples of Various Turbidities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium parvum can be found in both source and drinking water and has been reported to cause serious waterborne outbreaks which threaten public health safety. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed method 1622 for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts present in water. Method 1622 involves four key processing steps: filtration, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), fluorescent-antibody (FA) staining, and microscopic evaluation. The individual performance of each of these four steps was evaluated in this study. We found that the levels of recovery of C. parvum oocysts at the IMS-FA and FA staining stages were high, averaging more than 95%. In contrast, the level of recovery declined significantly, to 14.4%, when the filtration step was incorporated with tap water as a spiking medium. This observation suggested that a significant fraction of C. parvum oocysts was lost during the filtration step. When C. parvum oocysts were spiked into reclaimed water, tap water, microfiltration filtrate, and reservoir water, the highest mean level of recovery of (85.0% ± 5.2% [mean ± standard deviation]) was obtained for the relatively turbid reservoir water. Further studies indicated that it was the suspended particles present in the reservoir water that contributed to the enhanced C. parvum oocyst recovery. The levels of C. parvum oocyst recovery from spiked reservoir water with different turbidities indicated that particle size and concentration could affect oocyst recovery. Similar observations were also made when silica particles of different sizes and masses were added to seeded tap water. The optimal particle size was determined to be in the range from 5 to 40 μm, and the corresponding optimal concentration of suspended particles was 1.42 g for 10 liters of tap water.