jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploiting smart antennas in wireless mesh networks using contention access

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart antennas can increase the capacity of mesh networks and reduce the susceptibility of individual nodes to interception and jamming, but creating the conditions that allow them to be effective is difficult. In this article we provide a broad review of antenna technologies and identify their capabilities and limitations. We review mechanisms used by medium access control schemes to arbitrate access. These reviews let us identify a small set of conditions that are necessary for smart antenna exploitation. We then review the most common MAC approaches, carrier sense multiple access, slotted aloha, and time-division multiple access, and evaluate their suitability for exploiting smart antennas. We demonstrate that they are not capable of creating the complete set of antenna exploitation conditions while retaining a contention nature. We follow with a discussion of the synchronous collision resolution (SCR) MAC scheme and describe how it creates all the exploitation conditions. We conclude that SCR provides the best support for smart antenna exploitation with the added benefits that there is no requirement for all nodes to be equipped with the same antenna technologies and that smart antennas can be combined with channelization technologies to provide even higher capacities
Positive reappraisal in older adults: exploration of a cognitive emotion regulation strategy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Positive reappraisal is an adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy that is relevant for older adults and may facilitate coping with ageing-related stressors. This thesis examined the construct of positive reappraisal in older adulthood, specifically investigating how emotion and time since stressor occurrence relate to use of the strategy and whether positive reappraisal can be used therapeutically to facilitate coping with chronic physical illness. Given the lack of systematic reviews on positive reappraisal or its measurement, the first two papers in the thesis comprised two systematic literature reviews, firstly evaluating the construct of positive reappraisal in older adulthood and secondly examining self-report questionnaires that measure positive reappraisal validly and reliably. The third paper in the thesis explored the mechanisms underpinning the positive reappraisal strategy across two separate studies (retrospective and prospective) with a particular emphasis on its relationship with emotion over time. The fourth paper in the thesis comprised a pilot study of a structured intervention to examine whether the positive reappraisal strategy could be taught to older adults to increase their use of positive reappraisal. The final paper in the thesis used a randomised controlled trial design to examine whether a single-session positive reappraisal intervention for chronically-ill older adults would increase positive reappraisal use more than cognitive restructuring or supportive counselling. Results from this thesis indicate that positive reappraisal is an adaptive coping strategy for older adults, particularly relating to increased positive emotion, is associated with increased use and benefit over time since stressor occurrence, and can be increased in older adults with a structured single-session intervention. The thesis furthers our understanding of late-life positive reappraisal, demonstrates that it is an adaptive coping strategy for older adults, and provides evidence for a novel therapeutic technique to increase the use of positive reappraisal with older adult populations.
New Insights into the Immunological Changes in IL-10-Deficient Mice during the Course of Spontaneous Inflammation in the Gut Mucosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

IL-10 is a regulatory cytokine that plays a major role in the homeostasis of the gut and this is illustrated by the fact that IL-10 −/− mice develop spontaneous colitis. In this study, IL-10 −/− mice were analyzed for immunological changes during colitis development. We found a reduced frequency of regulatory T cellsCD4+CD25+Foxp3+and higher frequency of activated T cells in the colon that precedes the macroscopic signs of the disease. Production of IL-17 and IFN-γ was higher in the colon. Colitis progression culminates with the reduction ofCD4+LAP+regulatory T cells in the intestine. Frequency of B1 cells and the secretory IgA production were both elevated. Despite these alterations, 16-week-old IL-10 −/− mice could be rendered tolerant by a continuous feeding protocol. Our study provides detailed analysis of changes that precede colitis and it also suggests that oral tolerance could be used to design novel alternative therapies for the disease.
Validity of Calibrated Photoluminescence Lifetime Measurements of Crystalline Silicon Wafers for Arbitrary Lifetime and Injection Ranges

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the validity of calibrated photoluminescence lifetime measurements of crystalline silicon wafers for arbitrary lifetime and injection ranges. Absolute lifetime images are obtained from steady-state photoluminescence measurements by relating the photoluminescence signal to the excess carrier density. Since the luminescence signal is expected to be related to the integral of the depth distribution of the excess carrier density, an adequate calibration of the luminescence signal requires a secondary method which yields the integral of the depth distribution of the excess carrier density in absolute units. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of steady-state photoconductance measurements for the calibration of the photoluminescence signal. We derive a generalized relation linking the photoluminescence signal with the excess carrier density, considering the impact of an inhomogeneous carrier concentration profile. We experimentally verify the impact of the carrier distribution on the photoluminescence calibration by investigating two silicon wafers with different electronic bulk properties. Finally, we propose an iterative correction procedure reducing the deviations due to an inhomogeneous carrier density profile of calibrated photoluminescence-based lifetime measurements significantly.
THE LABORATORY IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION: THIRTY YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH DEVELOPMENTS, IMPLEMENTATION, AND RESEARCH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the 1970s', the author was involved in researching the laboratory work. The research focused on the various issues concerning the laboratory as a unique learning environment. Most of these studies are included in this review. They were mainly conducted at the Department of Science Teaching, The Weizmann Institute of Science, in the context of chemistry curriculum development, implementation and evaluation. The review of the research studies and its related publication is organized under the following key issues: (1) The chemistry laboratory: A unique mode of learning, instruction, and assessment. (2). Assessing students' performance and achievement using different modes of presentation in the chemistry laboratory. (3) Students' attitude towards and interest in school chemistry laboratory work. (4) Students' perceptions of the laboratory classroom learning environment. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract.: 2004, 5, 247-264]
Jürgen P. Melzer. Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Jürgen P. Melzer. Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation. Get access Jürgen P. Melzer. Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2020. Pp. xxxi, 339. Cloth $60.00. Aaron Skabelund Aaron Skabelund Brigham Young University, USA Email: aaron_skabelund@byu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 1, March 2023, Pages 473–474, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad032 Published: 31 March 2023
Density Modulation Experiments to Determine Particle Transport Coefficients on HT-7 Tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The particle diffusion coefficient and the convection velocity were studied based on the density modulation using D2 gas puffing on the HT-7 tokamak. The density was measured by a five-channel FIR interferometer. The density modulation amplitude was 10% of the central chord averaged background density and the modulation frequency was 10 Hz in the experiments. The particle diffusion coefficient (D) and the convection velocity (V) were obtained for different background plasmas with the central chord averaged density = 1.5×1019 m−3 and 3.0×1019 m−3 respectively. It was observed that the influence of density modulation on the main plasma parameters was very weak. This technology is expected to be useful for the analysis of LHW and IBW heated plasmas on HT-7 tokamak in the near future.
Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Eutopic Endometrium and Ectopic Lesions of Adenomyosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Adenomyosis (AM) is a common benign chronic gynaecological disorder; however, the precise pathogenesis of adenomyosis is still poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can uncover rare subpopulations, explore genetic and functional heterogeneity, and reveal the uniqueness of each cell. It provides us a new approach to reveal biological issues from a more detailed and microscopic perspective. Here, we utilize this revolutionary technology to identify the changes of gene expression patterns between ectopic lesions and the eutopic endometrium at the single-cell level and explore a potential novel pathogenesis of AM.Methods: A control endometrium (sample with leiomyoma excluding endometrial disorders, n=1), eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesion (from a patient with adenomyosis, n=1) samples were analysed by scRNA-seq, and additional leiomyoma (n=3) and adenomyosis (n=3) samples were used to confirm colocalization and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation. Protein colocalization was visualized by immunofluorescence, and CD34-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double staining was used to assess the formation of VM.Results: The scRNA-seq results suggest that cancer-, cell motility- and inflammation- (CMI) associated terms, cell proliferation and angiogenesis play important roles in the progression of AM. Moreover, the colocalization of EPCAM and PECAM1 increased significantly in the ectopic endometrium group (P < 0.05), cell subpopulation with high copy number variation (CNV) levels possessing tumour-like features existed in the ectopic lesion sample, and VNN1- and EPCAM-positive cell subcluster displayed active cell motility in endometrial epithelial cells. Furthermore, the epithelial cells transformed to endothelial cells with the obvious accumulation of vasculogenic mimicry formations (positively stained with PAS but not CD34, P < 0.05) in ectopic lesions.Conclusions: In the present study, our results support the theory of adenomyosis derived from the invasion and migration of the endometrium. Moreover, cell subcluster with high CNV level and tumour-associated characteristics is identified. Furthermore, epithelial-endothelial transition (EET) and the formation of VM in tumours, the latter of which facilitates the blood supply and plays an important role in maintaining cell growth, were also confirmed to occur in AM. These results indicated that the inhibition of EET and VM formation may be a potential strategy for AM management.
AN ANALYSIS OF INCONSISTENCIES IN REMOVAL CROSS SECTIONS OF CARBON AND OXYGEN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Some recent analysis of certain Lid Tank fast neutron dose rates measured in oil and water indicated that there are some basic inconsistencies with reported oxygen and carbon removal cross sections and the reported data. These inconsistencies may be explained in several ways: the reported carbon removal cross section is wrong; the reported oil composition is wrong; the reported oxygen removal cross section is wrong since it is based on an assumed rather than a measured oil composition; or some of the experimental data are wrong. It is not possible to determine which of the above is most likely on the basis of analysis alone but the possibilities are pointed out and, based on the assumption that all the experimertal data are correct, it appears most likely that the oil composition assumed was in error. Based on a different assumed composition, the oxygen removal cross section is reduced from 0.92 to 0.62 barns. (auth)
Information transmission between Eurocurrency and domestic interest rates: evidence from the UK

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines mean and volatility linkages between the UK domestic and Europound interest rates during the 1983-2002 period. Recursive cointegration analysis identifies a structural break in the long-run relationship between the domestic and Europound rates around the September 1992 European currency crisis. Further subperiod analysis clearly shows that there exists feedback between the UK domestic and Europound rates during both subperiods and that both mean and volatility linkages have been weakened after the 1992 crisis.
A Study of Indicator of Sensitivity to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Cervical Squamous Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Purpose] To investigate the feasibility of CD44v6, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 as a sensitive and predicative indicators for the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in cervical squamous carcinoma. [Methods] Twenty-four patients with cervix squamous carcinoma were treated with two cycles NAC with cisplatin , hydroxycamptothecine and bleomycin regimen before operation. The expression of CD44v6, PCNA and Ki-67 in tumor tissues before NAC was detected with flow cytometry. The relationships of expression of three markers and therapeutic efficacy of NAC were analyzed. [Results] The average level of CD44v6, PCNA and Ki-67 in tumor tissues before NAC was 0.481±0.150, 0.386±0.078, 0.550±0.127 respectively. The response rate of NAC was 83.3%, the average tumor volume reduced to 0.633±0.214. The reduction of tumor volume after NAC was significantly negative correlated to expression of CD44v6 (r=-0.853,P0.001); but there was no significant correlation with the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 (r=0.057,P=0.791; r=0.022,P=0.919). [Conclusion] CD44v6 could be used as a sensitive and predicative indicator for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical squamous carcinoma.
Cache Organization Influence on Loop Blocking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

: Performance tuning on today`s computers has become very complex. One of the factor of this complexity is the use of memory hierarchies, and particularly of cache memories. Code transformations such as loop blocking are used for improving temporal locality in numerical codes. Unfortunately, the behavior of direct-mapped caches and set-associative caches are very sensitive to parameters such as the respective placement of arrays determined by the leading sizes of arrays. This leads sometimes to unpredictable and catastrophic performance even on blocked numerical kernels. Most users are not expert in cache organizations and cannot be aware of such phenomena. In this paper, we show that the recently proposed 4-way skewed associative cache is quite insensitive to array placements in memory, and then provides to the user a quite stable and predictable behavior on the basic algorithms as well as blocked algorithms. The average behavior of the 4-way skewed-associative cache is also better ...
The Web Motivation Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Web Motivation Inventory (WMI) is used in internet advertising research, and is frequently used and cited in advertising, marketing and communication literature. Investigations of the robustness of the WMI have been somewhat limited. Additionally, new uses of the internet are not accounted for by the WMI since its publication in 2002. This paper replicates and extends the original WMI using participants in the US, UK and Australia and includes internet motives not previously examined. The results show that the four-factor WMI remained reliable and valid for all three samples. Findings suggest the extended WMI may be broken into 12 sub-scales that represent the original fourfactor measure.
Hibitane in oral disease in handicapped patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract All the problems connected with conservative dental treatment for handicapped patients and the hazards to dental health which many handicaps represent, indicate that preventive measures are of special importance for these patients. Conventional toothcleaning techniques may be difficult or impossible to carry out for a large number of handicapped persons. In these cases chemical plaque control may be the only alternative. Chlorhexidine gluconate has so far proved to be the chemical agent best suited for removal of dental plaque. Different modes of chlorhexidine application have been tried. Mouthrinse with a 0.1 % or 0.2 % aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine twice a day has proved to give a good plaque‐inhibiting effect. Such mouthrinses are often the treatment of choice for short‐term plaque control for a wide variety of patient groups. Chlorhexidine‐containing toothpastes have been used in controlled clinical trials on handicapped children. This method of application may be indicated for long‐term use. Chlorhexidine gel in individually made applicators may be the only possible toothcleaning method in seriously handicapped, uncooperative adult patients. Side effects of Chlorhexidine application such as discolouration of teeth and fillings and temporary disturbance of taste has so far limited the use of Chlorhexidine in preventive dentistry. These side effects are, however, often overshadowed by the fact that the use of Chlorhexidine may be the only possible solution to the handicapped patient's oral health problems.
Indoor volatile organic compounds in tropical urban environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Volatile Organic Compounds are one of the most important concerns in indoor environmental quality controls, especially in the urban tropical city environments where there are a lot of central air-conditioned buildings that can be found. Hence, this study aims to investigate the concentrations and distributions of different classifications of VOCs in indoor settings (Section B and C of CEE Office) during renovation works. Also, occupants have complained about having discomfort problems while they are in the office when the renovation works took place. This makes this study a vital one.
E-Fears, E-Risks and Citizen-Intelligence: Surveillance Impacts on Research and Confidentiality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research note links the covert and overt chilling effects of cyber-surveillance on activist campaigns and on the social research of social movement actors in campaigns of resistance. Based on fieldwork in Aotearoa New Zealand during campaigns of resistance against offshore and onshore oil and gas proposals, this note explores how surveillance fears impact the public gatherings and information-sharing of citizen-activists and how the researcher may fail to ensure participant confidence and confidentiality, thereby becoming the researched and documented as well. The actions and commitments of both parties, the citizen-activist and the researcher of grassroots and social movements, may be strengthened or impeded by the degree of expected, though rarely verified, political and economic surveillance.
The West and Islam Religion and Political Thought in World History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preface Introduction 1. Religion and Politics: the West, Islam, Byzantium 2. Legitimacy: the Caliphate and the State 3. Society 4. Regimes: Europe, Byzantium, Islam 5. Practical Politics 6. Approaches to Political Thought 7. Changes in Religion and Politics 8. The Origins of Western Political Thought Epilogue Appendix Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources
ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FROM PHYLLOSPHERE OF SUGAR BEET AGAINST Cercospora beticola sacc.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sixteen isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from phyllosphere of sugar beet leaves were tested for its antagonistic activity against Cercospora beticola the causal agent of sugar beet leaf spot disease.The tested isolates showed a significant antagonistic potential against C. beticola in vitro.The inhibition of the radial growth of the pathogen ranged from 77.8% to 90%.The diffusible metabolites and volatile gases produced by B. amyloliquefaciens dramatically inhibited the pathogen growth.The antifungal proteins (AFP) extracted from culture filtrates showed an antagonistic effect on the pathogen and inhibition zones ranged from 8.17 mm to 16.45 mm.The antifungal metabolites (AFM) produced by the tested B. amyloliquefaciens isolates showed a high thermal stability.The activity of the AFM at pH 3.0 upto 5.0 reduced by 20% and started to increase at pH 6.0 then reached its maximum at pH 7.0.All the tested isolates produced Sidrophores and β1,3,glucanase while only three isolates were able to produce chitinase.In the greenhouse experiments, the AFM and bacterial cells treatments decreased the severity of cercospora leaf spot.It was found that the treatments with AFM or bacterial cells before inoculation with the pathogen was more efficient than the treatments after inoculation with the pathogen.This may be the first report on using B. amyloliquefaciens as a biocontrol agent against C. beticola.
Dental hygiene students' and practitioners' resolution of professional issues.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among verbal ability, extent of education and professional experience, level of cognitive development, and age (separately and in combination) and dental hygiene students' and practitioners' ability to resolve professional issues. Forty-five dental hygiene students and graduates participated in this cross-sectional study (15 associate-degree subjects with no professional experience; 15 associate-degree subjects with professional experience; and 15 baccalaureate-degree subjects with professional experience). Ability to resolve professional issues was measured using two professional issues cases developed by the investigator. Protocols were rated separately and blindly by two raters, resulting in high interrater reliability (r = .69) and agreement estimates (80%). Results revealed that subjects with higher levels of education and professional experience achieved higher scores on the professional issues cases. Multiple regression and part correlation analyses revealed that the independent variables, in combination and separately, were of questionable value in predicting ability to respond to professional issues. While no single variable was overwhelmingly predictive, the combination variable extent of education and professional experience appeared to be the best predictor.
Family Influences on Aggression and Violence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A large body of research implicates families in the development and prevention of aggressive and violent behavior. This research is consistent with broader theoretical perspectives emphasizing family as a critical context of child development. Developmental systems theory sees individual development as the product of many interactions across system levels, including inter-personal as well as intrapersonal (i.e., biological, cognitive, affective) processes. Developmental processes extend beyond the individual to include interactions with social systems, including the local community, peer group, and perhaps most proximally, the family (Gottlieb, 2007; Masten, 2014).