jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IS GENDER THE PRIMING FACTOR? EXAMINING EMOJI USERS’ BEHAVIORIN WECHAT AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CHINA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Nonverbal cues, such asemoji or emoticon, enjoy increasing popularity in computer mediated communication (CMC). These elements are used to compensate for the limited emotional expression lacked from face-to-face communication. Emoji, for example, has thus become a new medium to communicate and express emotions in CMC. WeChat, WhatsApp, Line, and other micro-messaging apps provide platforms for the frequent use of emoji in daily communication, especially among youngsters such as university students. This article sets out to explore emoji users’ behavior, motivation, and the determinants. As a result, the article focuses on the following three key areas. First, it examines emoji users’ real-life behavior from 96 university students’ 7-day WeChat data. Second, it organizes answers from open-ended questionnaires by these 96 students and concludes three major motivations of emoji use. Last, it attempts to understand if individuals’ demographic differences, especially gender, constitute a major factor in illustrating emoji users’ behavior and motivation. The article adds a new dimension to the original framework of uses and gratification theory by combining individual factors to understand the factors influencing one’s emoji usage and motivation. This research made a relatively detailed analysis into emoji usage, including not only the frequency, choice, location, variety and times of repetition of emoji but also the participants’ chat partner’s gender and their relation status.
R&D expenses and firm valuation: a literature review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on R&D expenses and subsequent firm valuation and to briefly highlight some gaps and implications for future research. Design/methodology/approach The approach is a review of studies on R&D and valuation between 1978 and 2007. The valuation issues have been grouped into general topics identified among the overall volume of research: economic characteristics, actual and forecast firm performance, capital structure, risk, and other topics which do not fit into the previous categories. Findings The paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the literature findings on a variation of valuation topics useful for internal and external users of financial statements of firms intensive in R&D investments. It sheds light on certain literature limitations and thus guides the users of financial statements regarding to which issues they should pay attention when analysing the financial statements of firms intensive in R&D. Research limitations/implications Existing research on R&D and valuation focuses mainly on the USA and UK and therefore raises issues of generalisation of the results. Practical implications The paper provides a useful guide for the users of financial statements of R&D intensive firms, since it provides information on possible consequences of these expenses regarding a variety of valuation issues. Originality/value The paper fills an information gap by addressing a range of valuation issues on R&D and offers relevant information guidance to the users of financial statements.
Trajectory tracking control of a mobile manipulator with an external force compensation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers the problem of the accurate task space finite-time control susceptible to both undesirable disturbance forces exerted on the end-effector and unknown friction forces coming from joints directly driven by the actuators as well as unstructured forces resulting from the kinematic singularities appearing on the mechanism trajectory. We obtain a class of estimated extended transposed Jacobian controllers which seem to successfully counteract the external disturbance forces on the basis of a suitably defined task-space non-singular terminal sliding manifold (TSM) and the Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, in order to overcome (or to minimise) the undesirable chattering effects, the proposed robust control law involves the second-order sliding technique. The numerical simulations (closely related to an experiment) ran for a mobile manipulator consisting of a non-holononic platform of (2;0) type and a holonomic manipulator of two revolute kinematic pairs show the performance of the proposed controllers and make a comparison with other well-known control schemes.
Analysis of the characteristics and impact of lightning on smart substations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Smart substations are an integral part of a smart grid. There are different new smart devices and components in the key systems of the substations. In order to study the impact of lightning to smart substations, simulation modeling will be used to analyze the damages caused by lightning and the lightning protection level. According to the analysis, the impact of lightning to smart substations differs from that to conventional substations in the following three aspects: the number of cables is reduced; there are short cables; and there are smart devices at the outdoor switching station. According to the calculation for an 110kV smart substation, high-amplitude lightning directly striking lightning rods is the main cause of disruption to the devices of smart substations; the impact of low amplitude lightning to smart substations will be considered only when it strikes smart substations of 500kV or higher; where there are line arresters and intact metal shells, the lightning intruding surge and inductive lightning will not affect the equipment of the station.
Evaluation of Six Commercial Point-of-Care Tests for Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Infections: the Need for Combining NS1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibody Detection To Achieve Acceptable Levels of Accuracy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Six assays were evaluated in this study to determine their suitability for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection using samples from 259 Sri Lankan patients with acute fevers (99 confirmed dengue cases and 160 patients with other confirmed acute febrile illnesses): (i) the Merlin dengue fever IgG & IgM combo device (Merlin), (ii) the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen and IgG/IgM combo device (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea), (iii) the Biosynex Immunoquick dengue fever IgG and IgM (Biosynex, France) assay, (iv) the Bio-Rad NS1 antigen strip (Bio-Rad, France), (v) the Panbio Dengue Duo IgG/IgM Cassette (Inverness, Australia), and (vi) the Panbio dengue NS1 antigen strip (Inverness, Australia). The median number of days of fever prior to admission sample collection was 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7 days). Sensitivity and specificity of the NS1 antigen tests ranged from 49 to 59% and from 93 to 99%, respectively, and sensitivity and sensitivity of the IgM antibody test ranged from 71 to 80% and from 46 to 90%, respectively. Combining the NS1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo test gave the best compromise of sensitivity and specificity (93% and 89%, respectively) and provided the best sensitivity in patients presenting at different times after fever onset. The Merlin IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 64% and 86% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively, and the Standard Diagnostics IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 71% and 83% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively. This study provides strong evidence of the value of combining dengue antigen- and antibody-based test results in the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) format for the acute diagnosis of dengue.
Preparation and Properties of Minocycline-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan Gel/Alginate Nonwovens Composite Wound Dressings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As derivatives from marine natural biomaterials, alginate-based and chitosan-based biomaterials are commonly used in wound dressings. Calcium alginate fiber (CAF) dressings possess excellent absorption and unique gel forming performance, but the low bioactivity limits its application in wound healing. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-Chit) has excellent antibacterial activity, but the gel structure with weak mechanical properties restricts its application. In this study, minocycline (Mino)/CM-Chit solution was coated on the surface of plasma treated CAF needle-punched nonwovens, and then Mino loaded CM-Chit gel/CAF nonwovens composite dressings were fabricated by EDC/NHS (1-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) crosslinking. The dressings had a porous composite structure, which allowed them to quickly absorb and store a large number of wound exudates. Skin-like tensile performance allowed the dressings to provide a better healing environment. Antibacterial assay against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that the addition of Mino significantly improved the antibacterial activity of the wound dressings. The tight structure of CM-Chit gel prevented the burst release of Mino so that the dressings had antibacterial activity in a certain period of release time. Cell culture assay showed that the dressings had excellent cell biocompatibility. As new functional dressings, the prepared composite dressings had excellent potential in the clinical healing of wounds.
How will climate change shift agro-ecological zones and impact African agriculture ?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study develops a new method to \n measure the impacts of climate change on agriculture called \n the Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) Model. A multinomial logit is \n estimated to predict the probability of each AEZ in each \n district. The average percentage of cropland and average \n crop net revenue are calculated for each AEZ. Then an \n estimate of the amount of cropland in Africa and where it is \n located is provided. Using current conditions, the model \n calculates baseline values of cropland and crop net revenue, \n and estimates the future impact of climate change using two \n scenarios-harsh and mild. Total cropland does not change \n much across the two climate scenarios. However, the \n predicted change in African crop revenue ranges from a loss \n of 14 percent in the mild climate scenario to 30 percent in \n the harsher climate scenario. The analysis reveals that the \n greatest harm from climate change is that it will shift \n farms from high to low productive AEZs. The approach not \n only identifies the aggregate impacts, but also indicates \n where the impacts occur across Africa. The central region of \n Africa is hurt the most, especially in the harsher climate \n scenario. The Agro-Ecological Zone Model is a promising new \n method for valuing the long-term impacts of climate change \n on agriculture.
Epidemiology of Basal Cell Carcinoma – Observations of One Department

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin cancer. It is one of the so-called nonmelanoma skin cancers, the incidence of which has increased rapidly worldwide in recent years. Unfortunately, the National Cancer Registry in Poland does not classify basal cell skin cancer separately. Therefore, the precise data on the incidence in the population remain unknown. Work objective. Retrospective analysis of the incidence of basal cell carcinoma in NZOZ Med-Laser in Lublin in the years 2005 – 2015 depending on gender, age group, place of residence (urban-rural) and clinical form of the disease. Material and methodology. The data of NZOZ Med-Laser from the years 2005 - 2015 were used in the study. The data concern all patients with histopathologically diagnosed basal cell carcinoma, who during the period covered by the study were consulted either as outpatients or hospitalised in an institution providing dermatological services under contract with the National Health Fund (NFZ). Patients were divided into several groups depending on gender, age and place of residence. All groups were compared quantitatively and the results are shown in the figures below. Results. The data collected indicate that between 2005 and 2015 a total of 922 patients with basal cell carcinoma received dermatological treatment. Over the years, there has been a clear increase in the number of patients with basal cell carcinoma. The disease occurred mainly in people over 59 years of age, with the majority of women living in cities. The most common locations of the cancer are nose, cheeks, forehead and temporal area. Histopathologically, solidum, superficiale, exulceratum and pseudoadenoides were the most frequently diagnosed forms. Conclusions. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin is frequent in our society. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, action should be taken to create consistent international registries to gather reliable epidemiological data that would show the scale of the problem, which we are dealing with almost all over the world.
Polyoma virus mutant with normal transforming ability but impaired tumorigenic potential

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cloned DNA from the P155 mutant of polyoma virus transforms cells in culture as efficiently as wild-type DNA, but has a much lower tumorigenic potential when injected into newborn rats. Like cells transformed by wild-type DNA, cells transformed by the mutant DNA grow in low serum concentrations, form colonies in agar suspension, and grow to high saturation densities compared with untransformed cells. They are, however, much less tumorigenic since they transplant 100- to 2,000-fold less efficiently than cells transformed by wild-type DNA. Substitution of the region between 89.7 and 1.8 map units by the corresponding region of P155 DNA decreased the tumorigenicity of wild-type DNA. When this region was isolated from wild-type DNA and substituted in P155 DNA, the tumorigenicity of the latter increased to values comparable to those of wild-type DNA. This showed that the lesion affecting tumorigenicity occurred between 89.7 and 1.8 map units on the polyoma virus genome. Sequence analysis in this region revealed a 12-base-pair deletion between nucleotides 1,347 and 1,360. This identified P155 as an mlt mutant, i.e., a mutant with a deletion from a region which encodes parts of the large and middle T antigens.
RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and ramipril from plasma.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) loaded with ketoprofen were prepared by single emulsion-solvent evaporation method, in which glyceryl monostearate and Tween 80 were employed. The particle size was found to be 99.80±2.1μm. Microparticles observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed spherical shape. The entrapment efficiency (EE %) and drug loading capacity (DL %) were found to be 72.60±1.6 % and 17.98±0.7% respectively. Results of stability evaluation showed relatively long term stability after storage at 4˚C for 3 months. The in-vivo study revealed slightly better per cent inhibition of pain i.e. 74% in comparison with 68% produced by plain drug.
Examination of coronary artery ectasia predictors in acute coronary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our study, low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio and lymphopenia were observed to independently predict CAE. LDL/HDL ratio obtained from standard blood tests can be used as a cost-effective and simple method to predict CAE, making a significant contribution to treatment planning, prognosis and patient follow-up.
Abstract 528: Towards Therapeutic Genome Editing in Vascular Endothelium by Novel Nanoparticle Delivery of Crispr Plasmid Dna

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Therapeutic delivery of CRISPR system components to induce in vivo genome editing in postnatal and adult life has great translational potential. Recent studies employing non-viral delivery of small guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 mRNA have achieved efficient genome editing in adult mice. However, as often seen in other RNA therapeutic studies with non-viral delivery of antisense and siRNA, the efficiency is limited to the liver. Hypothesis: Novel nanoparticle can therapeutically deliver the CRISPR system to selectively target cardiovascular endothelium in adult mice. Methods: We developed novel PLGA-based nanoparticles which was for the first time shown to be uptaken efficiently by the vascular endothelium without specific liver accumulation following i.v. administration. Mixture of the nanoparticle:plasmid DNA expressing Cas9 under the control of the human CDH5 promoter (EC-specific) and gRNA by the U6 promoter was administered i.v. to adult mice. Seven to ten days later, various organ tissues were collected for analysis of the efficiency of genomic editing and knockout of protein expression. The phenotype of CRISPR-mediated in vivo knockout of Pik3cg which encodes the G protein-coupled receptor-activated p110gamma isoform of PI3K was compared to Pik3cg null mice in response to sepsis challenge. Results: Therapeutic delivery of nanoparticles loaded with the all-in-one CRISPR plasmid DNA induced highly efficient genome editing in endothelial cells (ECs) of the cardiovascular system including heart, lung, and aorta in adult mice. The Indel rate was as great as 50% in ECs isolated from these vascular beds. Immunostaining and Western blotting demonstrated greater than 70% decrease of protein expression in ECs. Pik3cg -gRNA-induced genome editing diminished p110γPI3K expression in pulmonary vascular ECs, which led to impaired vascular repair and resolution of inflammation after sepsis challenge as seen in Pik3cg -/- mice. Conclusion: We have developed a simple and highly efficient method for in vivo genome editing selectively targeting the vascular endothelium. This strategy will greatly facilitate cardiovascular research and may enable therapeutic genome editing for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
PSXVI-3 Evaluating the lag between body temperature and ambient temperature in hair sheep ewes in the tropics.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between environment and body temperature of non-pregnant, non-lactating St. Croix White (STX, 5.6 y of age, n = 10) and Dorper x St Croix White (DRPX, 3.8 y of age, n = 10) ewes grazing pasture. Temperature data loggers recorded vaginal temperature (VT) at 10-min intervals. Ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) were measured using an onsite weather station. The VT, AT and RH data collected for 96-h periods in July and August were a subset of a larger data set coinciding with the hottest time of the year. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS with breed, month and time of day in the model. The AT, RH and temperature-humidity index (THI) were 28.2 °C, 78.2 % and 79.6, respectively. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in minimum or maximum VT between STX and DRPX ewes (38.55 ± 0.03 vs 38.55 ± 0.03 °C or 39.45 ± 0.03 vs 39.52 ± 0.03 °C, respectively). There was no difference (P > 0.10) in time of day for minimum VT between STX and DRPX ewes (453.5 ± 10.7 vs 428.5 ± 10.7 min, respectively). The time of day for maximum VT was greater (P < 0.006) for STX than for DPRX ewes (1072.0 ± 10.7 vs 1030.0 ± 10.7 min, respectively). The lag time between minimum AT and VT was not different (P < 0.10) between STX and DRPX ewes (238.5 ± 15.6 vs 213.5 ± 15.6 min, respectively). The lag time between maximum AT and VT was greater (P < 0.06) for STX than for DRPX ewes (238.5 ± 15.6 vs 211.7 ± 15.6 min, respectively). The greater lag time for maximum VT of STX ewes may be a part of their adaptation to the tropical climate.
LHC and the origin of neutrino mass

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is often said that neutrino mass is a window to a new physics beyond the standard model (SM). This is certainly true if neutrinos are Majorana particles since the SM with Majorana neutrino mass is not a complete theory. The classical text-book test of neutrino Majorana mass, the neutrino-less double beta decay depends on the completion, and thus cannot probe neutrino mass. As pointed out already more than twenty five years ago, the colliders such as Tevatron or LHC offer a hope of probing directly the origin of neutrino Majorana mass through lepton number violating production of like sign lepton pairs. I discuss this in the context of all three types of seesaw mechanism. I then discuss in detail the situation in $L-R$ symmetric theories, which led originally to the seesaw and which incorporates naturally both type I and type II. A $W_R$ gauge boson with a mass in a few TeV region could easily dominate the neutrino-less double beta decay, and its discovery at LHC would have spectacular signatures of parity restoration and lepton number violation. At the end I give an example of a predictive SU(5) grand unified theory that results in a hybrid type I and III seesaw with a light fermion triplet below TeV scale.
7.1 PREDICTORS OF DISTRESSING PSYCHOTIC-LIKE EXPERIENCES IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

According to the dimensional approach to psychosis, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) lie at the low end of the psychotic symptom continuum. PLEs, and especially distressing PLEs (dPLEs), share multiple risk factors with psychotic disorders, including cognitive impairments and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) impairments. The current series of studies aimed to better characterize these risk factors in a childhood population, as it is critical to identify risk factors prior to the significant disability that characterizes the psychosis prodrome. Specifically, this presentation will focus on findings from two studies using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data examining the phenotypic and neural associations of distressing psychotic-like experiences (dPLEs) in childhood. Both studies used data collected from the first wave of the ABCD study, a large-scale study tracking children aged 9-10-years-old recruited from 20 research sites across the United States. In the first study (N=3,984), we examined the associations between childhood dPLEs and several phenotypic factors, including neuropsychological test performance, attainment of developmental milestones, family history of psychosis, and internalizing symptoms. In a second study (N=3,434), we examined the associations between childhood dPLEs and RSFC. This second study examined the associations between within-network RFSC, between-network RSFC, and subcortical RSFC with childhood dPLEs. The first study found evidence that the presence of impaired cognitive functioning (i.e., working memory impairments), developmental milestone delays (i.e., clumsiness), family history of psychosis, and internalizing symptoms, were all associated with increased dPLEs. For the second study, we found evidence that decreased cingulo-opercular (CON), default mode (DMN), and cingulo-parietal (CPAR) network connectivity were all associated with increased dPLEs. These RSFC impairments remained even after accounting for neuropsychological test performance, internalizing symptoms, and family history of psychotic disorder. Furthermore, in terms of subcortical connectivity, both increased CON-cerebellar connectivity and decreased CPAR-cerebellar connectivity were associated with increased dPLEs. Overall, the results of the current studies indicate that deficits may be detectable prior to the onset of clinically significant symptoms. Examining possible risk markers prior to the clinical expression of psychotic disorders is critical in order to improve early detection strategies. Future efforts will begin to utilize this information regarding predictors of PLEs, and work towards the creation of a calculator predicting risk for the development and maintenance of dPLEs using the ABCD sample.