jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) Gene Mutations Predict Poor Outcome in Adults with Cytogenetically Normal (CN) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The WT1 gene on chromosome 11p13 encodes a zinc-finger protein regulating gene transcription. A recent study conducted on 70 CN-AML patients (pts) found that 7 (10%) harbored WT1 mutations (WT1mut) and suggested that WT1mut are associated with failure to achieve complete remission (CR) (Summers et al., Leukemia2007;21:550). However, the prognostic impact of WT1mut remains to be elucidated in a larger set of homogeneously treated adults with de novo CN-AML and in the context of established prognostic molecular markers. We studied the prevalence and prognostic impact of WT1mut in 196 younger [&lt;60 years (yrs)] adults with de novo CN-AML who were intensively treated on frontline CALGB protocols incorporating autologous stem cell transplantation for consolidation, i.e. 9621 or 19808. The median follow-up for pts alive was 4.2 yrs (range, 1.2–8.9 yrs). Diagnostic bone marrow and/or blood specimens were studied for WT1mut by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA direct sequencing. The samples were also analyzed for FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, MLL-PTD, NPM1 and CEBPA mutations, and ERG and BAALC expression levels. Twenty-one (11%) of the 196 pts had WT1mut [15 had WT1mut in exon 7 (WT1mut7), 5 WT1mut in exon 9 (WT1mut9) and 1 WT1mut in both exons]. WT1mut7 were frameshift or nonsense mutations predicted to result in a truncated WT1 protein; WT1mut9 were missense mutations leading to single amino-acid substitutions. At diagnosis, WT1mut pts had higher white blood cell counts (WBC; P=0.01), more frequently harbored FLT3-ITD (P=0.06) and were more often high ERG (P=0.01) and high BAALC (P=0.006) expressers than unmutated WT1 (WT1wt) pts. While CR rates were not significantly different between WT1mut and WT1wt pts (76% vs 84%, P=0.36), WT1mut pts had worse disease-free survival [(DFS); P&lt;0.001; 3-yr DFS rates, 13% vs 50%; Figure A] and worse overall survival [(OS); P&lt;0.001; 3-yr OS rates, 10% vs 56%; Figure B] than WT1wt pts. In a multivariable analysis, WT1mut independently predicted worse DFS (P=0.009) when controlling for CEBPA (CEBPAmut vs CEBPAwt, P=0.005) and FLT3-ITD/NPM1 risk status (FLT3-ITD-negative and NPM1mut vs all other combinations of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation status, P&lt;0.001). The risk of relapse was 2.9 times higher for WT1mut pts than for WT1wt pts (95% CI: 1.3–6.3). WT1mut also independently predicted worse OS (P&lt;0.001), and conferred a 3.6 times higher risk of death compared with WT1wt pts (95% CI: 1.8–7.2), when controlling for CEBPA (P=0.02), FLT3-ITD/NPM1 risk status (P&lt;0.001), and WBC (P=0.01). In conclusion, we show here for the first time, in a relatively large set of intensively treated younger CN-AML pts, that WT1mut independently predicts very poor outcome. We propose that in future trials, WT1mut analysis should be considered for molecularly-based risk assessment and risk-adapted treatment stratification of CN-AML pts. Figure Figure
Offering Community-Based Wound Care as Part of a Comprehensive Syringe Exchange Program.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Injection drug users (IDUs) are at significant risk for health related complications including wounds, abscesses, and skin and soft tissue infections. Successful model programs were used to assist the Hawaiʻi State syringe exchange program (SEP), The Community Health Outreach Work to Prevent AIDS (CHOW) Project, in development of a community-based wound care program. Thus, the purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to develop and implement a community-based wound care program with The CHOW Project, to increase access to wound care and calculate average cost of wound care per patient in the community setting. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model was used as the framework to provide comprehensive community-based wound care services to CHOW clients. The target population for this project was IDUs who seek CHOW services at the downtown, Chinatown, location in Honolulu Hawaiʻi. Methods to assess program outcomes included data collection and analysis from patient records, cross-sectional surveys, and extant data for cost comparison. Two needs assessment surveys were conducted, one survey with CHOW clients, and the other with healthcare providers. The client needs assessment survey indicated that 13% of the respondents’ selfreported seeking wound care over 20 times in the past 3 months. And all healthcare providers surveyed indicated that wound care was a significant need in the community, with skin and soft tissue infections, cellulitis, and venous ulcers as the most frequent types of wounds treated. During the seven-month intervention period, 116 individual patients received wound care, for a total of approximately 220 visits, with an average of two visits per patient. The average cost per patient including supplies, resources, and a full time Nurse Practitioner was $92 in the community setting. These costs are less than ED services, and may serve as one indicator that a community-based wound care program is an effective alternative, especially among a highrisk population that experience several barriers to accessing care.
Fatigue and human reliability revisited in the light of ergonomics and work psychopathology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: ErgonomicsWork psychopathologyHuman reliabilityWork loadFatigue. Additional informationNotes on contributorsA. WISNERProfessor of Ergonomics and Work Neruophysiology, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris.
Statistical analysis of mobile radio reception: an extension of clarke's model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Statistical analysis and modeling of wireless channels is essential to wireless communication systems. Clark's model [1] and the corresponding statistical analysis of mobile radio reception has been widely accepted in numerous wireless applications. Since the component phases in Clarke's model are assumed to be constant in time, the well-known results of statistical analysis based on this model, such as the autocorrelation and Doppler power spectrum, are not appropriate to describe real wireless channels for which the random environments (radio propagation paths) are time-varying and accordingly for which the channel is non-constant in the absence of Doppler frequency shift. In this paper, we extend the traditional Clarke's model incorporating the effect of fluctuations in the component phases, and perform the statistical analysis which results in a closed-form expression of the autocorrelation of the fading. The theoretical power spectral density function, which is the Fourier transform of the resultant autocorrelation of the fading, is shown to fit the practical measured spectra, which is in contrast to the traditional theoretical flat fading channel spectra (Jake's spectrum in [2]). The proposed model and statistical results should have important implications for detailed spectral analysis and channel simulations for real wireless communications systems in random fluctuating electromagnetic propagation environments.
Dielectrics For Optoelectronic Device Applications On The III-V Compounds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The III -V compound semiconductors comprise an important class of materials for optoelectronic device applications. Despite this, it has not as yet proven possible to form insulators on any of these materials with a quality comparable to what can be achieved on Silicon using thermal Si02. This in turn has resulted in severe restrictions in device and integrated circuit development due to the reduced design flexibility imposed by this more limited technology base.
Incentive Problems and General Partner Compensation in Limited Partnership Real Estate Investments

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

When a general partner raises capital for a real estate syndication, prospective investors should price‐protect against incentives of the general partner to misrepresent project cash flows. In this study, I evaluate the structure of the general partner's compensation and specific project characteristics to determine if compensation structure can mitigate agency costs. Results indicate that front‐end compensation is higher for the high reputation general partner and that the compensation structure varies with the degree of management expertise required and the financial risks of the investment.
Performance of BeGraft and BeGraft+ Stent-Grafts as Bridging Devices for Fenestrated Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: An In Vitro Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate 2 generations of balloon-expandable covered stents as potential bridging devices using an in vitro model of stent-graft fenestrations. Materials and Methods: Twenty BeGraft and 20 BeGraft+ cobalt-chromium stents covered in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in 6- and 8-mm diameters were tested in sheets mimicking stent-graft fenestrations. Microscopy and radiography were employed to evaluate stent morphology after flaring. In vitro bench tests measured maximum pullout (perpendicular displacement) and the shear stress (axial displacement) forces needed to dislocate the stents. Results: No alteration of ePTFE coverage was detected in the flared stents. Digital radiography and computed tomography showed marked alteration of the stent geometry, which was more pronounced in the BeGraft group. No fractures were detected. Median (minimum–maximum) pullout forces for the 6-mm stent-grafts were 17.1 N (15.8–19.6) for the BeGraft device and 30.4 N (20.2–31.9) for the BeGraft+ device (p=0.006). Median (minimum–maximum) pullout forces for the 8-mm stent-grafts were 11.3 N (11–12.1) for the BeGraft device and 21.8 N (18.2–25.5) for the BeGraft+ device (p<0.001). The shear stress test showed median forces of 10.5 vs 15.28 N at 150% of the stent diameter for the 6-mm BeGraft and BeGraft+ stent-grafts, respectively, and 15.23 vs 20.72 N at 150% stent diameter for the 8-mm models (p=0.016 and 0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Flaring changed the stent geometry but did not provoke stent fractures. The BeGraft+ is superior to the BeGraft in terms of pullout and shear stress forces, demonstrating greater resilience.
Agent Based Assistance and Support in Process Control Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By means of software agents, user relevant information in process control systems should be searched for and presented in a user-friendly manner. In this paper the first steps of the design of the individual agents along with the suitable framework and the basic structure for the agent communication, are presented. The emphasis of the work lies, on one hand, on the special requirements of the agent oriented software design in the process control, and on the other hand, on designing an open architecture for communication and integration of the agent in the existing structure of the system process control.
Classical trajectory studies of the reaction CH4+H→CH3+H2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Trajectory data are reported for the reaction CH4+H→CH3+H2, designed to provide information that can be used to test approximate quantitative theories for the dynamics of abstraction reactions. A potential function was devised which properly reflects the nuclear permutation symmetry of the process. Microscopic reaction rate coefficients were obtained as functions of fixed rotational and vibrational energy, and of the angular momentum. The data indicated significant uncoupling between the various modes although, at a minimum, the symmetric stretch is directly coupled to the reaction coordinate at the transition state. The data were used to test the assumption that the total angular momentum, J, may be approximated by the orbital angular momentum, L. L is approximately conserved from the reactant to the saddle point configuration in reactive and nonreactive collisions and may be well approximated by J. The angular momentum about the long axis of the reacting system (equivalent to the K quantum number) is not conserved in either reactive or nonreactive trajectories.
Meconium ileus equivalent in adults with cystic fibrosis of pancreas: a report of six cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eleven episodes of "meconium ileus equivalent" have been seen in six adults with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Three patients were initially treated surgically; one died and the other two developed serious postoperative chest infections. Six episodes were successfully treated medically with acetylcysteine orally and by enema, nasogastric suction, and intravenous fluids. Operation should be avoided if possible, and maintenance treatment with acetylcysteine may be necessary to prevent relapse.
EDUCAR PARA DOAR

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Estima-se que apenas 1,8% da população brasileira tenha o hábito de doar sangue, o que frequentemente acarreta a redução dos estoques de hemocomponentes para níveis críticos e requer sucessivas campanhas para manter um fluxo contínuo de doações. A AMEO desenvolveu um programa baseado no método de “ensino baseado em serviço” para enfrentar o desafio da escassez de doadores de sangue no Brasil. O foco é a aprendizagem através do trabalho, com o objetivo de criar uma cultura de doação no país. Para isso, é necessário estimular a imaginação dos alunos e incentivá-los a buscar soluções criativas. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de uma década com ensino de escolares para a doação de sangue. Material e métodos: O programa “Educar para Doar”foi idealizado em 2013, baseado na experiência bem-sucedida do Banco de Sangue e Tecidos da Catalunha e foi desenvolvido por uma orientadora pedagógica e uma hematologista, envolvendo alunos do ensino médio e fundamental. Após o contato com a escola, há três momentos distintos: no primeiro , os alunos participam de uma teatralização em que um deles sofre perda de sangue e precisa de transfusão para sobreviver. Ao questionar quem estaria disposto a doar para o colega, os alunos percebem que poucos seriam elegíveis e são incentivados a entrevistar cinco familiares sobre a experiência de receber ou doar sangue. No segundo encontro, os resultados das entrevistas são compartilhados e os alunos descobrem histórias de doação na família, aproximando-os do tema. Os alunos são então convidados a elaborar uma campanha de recrutamento de doadores. São orientados a estudar o assunto para identificar argumentos, fatores impeditivos, riscos e benefícios envolvidos. Assim, os alunos organizam suas descobertas através de instrumentos multimídia, melhorando suas capacidades de comunicação e aumentando sua conscientização sobre o tema. No terceiro encontro, alunos e familiares visitam o hemocentro e participam efetivamente do processo de doação, conhecendo desde a triagem até o fracionamento. Essa experiência prática fortalece o compromisso dos alunos com a doação periódica. O programa é contínuo, buscando criar uma cultura na escola e na comunidade. Ao promover o engajamento dos alunos e estimular a criatividade, a metodologia se mostra eficaz na formação de cidadãos conscientes e comprometidos com o bem-estar da sociedade. Resultados: Ao longo dos últimos 10 anos, o programa foi aplicado em 75 escolas, envolvendo cerca de 5 mil alunos do ensino fundamental, médio e educação de jovens e adultos (supletivo). A avaliação do programa pelas escolas e alunos é muito positiva, mantendo-o ativo apesar dos anos de pandemia. Conclusão: O panorama atual da hemoterapia em nosso país poderá ser modificado com a formação de cidadãos conscientes da importância da doação de sangue, que passará a ser compreendida como parte da cultura e da cidadania. Com o sucesso do programa, a AMEO continua sua missão de transformar a cultura da doação de sangue no Brasil.
Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for treating venous leg ulcers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of SEPS for the treatment of venous leg ulcers remains uncertain. Only low or very low-certainty evidence was available for inclusion. Due to small sample sizes and risk of bias in the included studies, we were unable to determine the potential benefits and harms of SEPS for this purpose. Only four studies met our inclusion criteria, three were very small, and one was poorly reported. Further high-quality studies addressing the use of SEPS in venous leg ulcer management are likely to change the conclusions of this review.
The Effect of Garlic Tablet on Blood Glucose, and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Diabetes, as one of the most common endocrine disorders, has many different complications and outcomes. Some pieces of evidence proposed that garlic can be useful for diabetic patients due to its various compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of garlic tablet supplement on fasting blood sugar (FBS), Glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and lipid profile levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial was carried out at Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The study sample consisted of 50 diabetic patients, who were randomly divided into two groups of 25 participants: placebo (PG) and garlic group (GG). The GG took three 400mg-garlic tablets and the PG group took 3 tablets similar to the garlic tablets per day after every main meal for 3 months. Lipid profile, HbA1c and FBS concentrations were measured before and after the intervention. Results: There were not any significant differences in regard with age, gender and disease history between the two groups. After 3 months, the mean of FBS (from 155.23±36.47 to 140.57±44.18 mg/dl,pv=0.05) and HbA1c(from 8.6 %±1.04 to 7.27%±1.21,pv<0.001) decreased significantly in GG in comparison with PG. The mean of HDLc change in GG revealed a significant increase compared to PG (-2.03 vs. 1.76±6.96 mg/dl). Moreover, no other significant differences were observed in regard with other studied variables between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that daily consumption of three 400mg-garlic tablets in diabetic patients can lead to a decrease of FBS and HbA1c, in contrary to an increase of HDLc. As a result, garlic tablet supplement seems to be beneficial to complications control as well as treatment of diabetes.
Management of the Hospitalized Patient with Acute Colitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute severe ulcerative colitis is a rapidly progressive severe form of colitis that can occur in 20-30% patients with ulcerative colitis. Early recognition, hospitalization at centers with experience and expertise and multidisciplinary treatment is the cornerstone of appropriate management of this condition. After excluding infections and other differentials, patients should be started on parenteral corticosteroids to control inflammation. ASUC patients are at high risk for thromboembolic complications and hence DVT prophylaxis is ideally started as soon as possible in the emergency room and continued throughout hospitalization. Objective criteria should be applied to assess improvement and identify patients who are unlikely to improve without second line/rescue therapy as early as 72 hours on steroid therapy. Infliximab and cyclosporine are the most used options for second line therapy and should be administered under direction by gastroenterologists. Disease progression despite aggressive treatment or non-response to second line therapy, complications such as megacolon, perforation, hemorrhage can occur requiring colectomy as a salvage option in those patients.
Balancing Ethanol Cosolvent Concentration with Product Performance in 134a-Based Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of formulation parameters on the product performance characteristics of solution metered dose inhalers (MDIs) were determined using ethanol as the cosolvent and HFA 134a as the propellant. Solubility of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) was determined in various blends of 134a and ethanol and was shown to increase with ethanol concentration. Product performance was assessed using the APS Model 3306 Impactor Inlet in conjunction with APS Model 3320 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). Nine solution formulations containing various BDP and ethanol concentrations were studied. Chemical analysis of the Impactor Inlet was performed in order to determine the "respirable" deposition of the MDI system. With increased ethanol concentration, the throat deposition and plate deposition increased and the respirable deposition decreased. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) increased with the increasing drug concentration, but did not show a significant increase with an increase in ethanol concentration. This indicates that the efficiency of solution MDIs decreases with increased ethanol concentration. A Maximum Respirable Mass (MRM) was calculated based on the drug solubility at a particular ethanol concentration and the respirable deposition for a 50mcl valve and QVAR actuator for that ethanol concentration. The MRM represents the maximum amount of a given drug that can be delivered to the lungs theoretically and is very sensitive to the solubility profile of the drug. The MRM increased with the increasing ethanol concentration in the formulation until a plateau was reached at an ethanol concentration of 10-15% w/w. The MRM initially increases with increase in ethanol concentration due to the increase in drug solubility. However, at higher ethanol concentrations the increase in drug solubility was negated by a decrease in the respirable deposition. This study illustrates the importance of considering both formulation properties and product performance characteristics when optimizing a metered dose inhaler drug delivery system.
A Study on Donning and Doffing Independence of the Person with Disabilities on Upper-limbs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate donning and doffing independence of the disabled individuals. The subjects of this study were who had kinetic disabilities on upper-limbs. 31 women and 38 children were participated in the survey. They were classified with six groups according to their upper-limbs' kinetic ability levels. Three upper-limbs' kinetic abilities were adopted: Lifting arms up to the chest, twisting shoulder to throw arms toward the back, and buttoning clothes by oneself. The independency of donning and doffing of 14 upper-body garment styles were evaluated by subjects. The donning and doffing independency of 14 garment styles was significantly differentiated by the level of kinetic abilities and garment styles. The person who able to button clothes by oneself could don and doff clothes by oneself. The results also revealed that the independency of donning and doffing was significantly different between cerebral palsy and apoplexy groups. The persons having a stroke of apoplexy were more likely to be able to dress independently than the persons with cerebral palsy. The persons with a paralysed arm were more likely able to wear ready-to-wear clothes of various styles. The donning and doffing independency was also significantly differentiated by the styles of garments. The tight fit style garments were more difficult to be dressed independently than the loose fit style garments. The jacket and shirts, which were buttoned from neck to bottom, were more difficult to be dressed independently than T-shirts.