jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Recorded poor insight as a predictor of service use outcomes: cohort study of patients with first-episode psychosis in a large mental healthcare database

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate recorded poor insight in relation to mental health and service use outcomes in a cohort with first-episode psychosis. Design We developed a natural language processing algorithm to ascertain statements of poor or diminished insight and tested this in a cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis. Setting The clinical record text at the South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust in the UK was used. Participants We applied the algorithm to characterise a cohort of 2026 patients with first-episode psychosis attending an early intervention service. Primary and secondary outcome measures Recorded poor insight within 1 month of registration was investigated in relation to (1) incidence of psychiatric hospitalisation, (2) odds of legally enforced hospitalisation, (3) number of days spent as a mental health inpatient and (4) number of different antipsychotic agents prescribed; outcomes were measured over varying follow-up periods from 12 months to 60 months, adjusting for a range of sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results Recorded poor insight, present in 46% of the sample, was positively associated with ages 16-35, bipolar disorder and history of cannabis use and negatively associated with White ethnicity and depression. It was significantly associated with higher levels of all four outcomes over all five follow-up periods. Conclusions Recorded poor insight in people with recent onset psychosis predicted subsequent legally enforced hospitalisations and higher number of hospital admissions, number of unique antipsychotics prescribed and days spent hospitalised. Improving insight might benefit patients’ course of illness as well as reduce mental health service use.
Study of Health-promotion behaviors among university of medical science students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Health promoting activities and a healthy lifestyle are major strategies to preserve health. Regarding the importance of health in young people, health promotion in society and also lack of related studies in Iran, this study was designed to determine the performance of the health-enhancing behaviors in medical university students and its effective factors.Materials and Method: This study was a cross-sectional-descriptive survey assessing health-promoting lifestyle among students of Yazd university of medical sciences. A total number of 440 students were recruited in this study using a stratified sampling method. Health-promoting lifestyle was measured using walker’s health–promoting life style profile II (HPLP-II) instrument. Data were analyzed by χ2, student t-tests and one way ANOVA, using SPSS -11.5.Result: Age range of participants was from 17 to 33 years with a mean age of 21.1 years and was composed of 67.4% females and 32.6% males. Totally, the overall health-promoting lifestyle profile had a mean of 130.31 ±19). The highest mean in the subscales was 26.03±5.04) for spiritual growth and the lowest was 16.24±4.28) for physical activity. Statistical significant association was seen between the socio-demographic variables particularly employment situation (p=0.002), study field (p=0.001), mother’s education level (p=0.007) and mother’s job (p=0.01) with mean of overall health-promoting lifestyle profile.Conclusion: Regarding the situation of health-promoting behaviors due to low physical activity among students especially in girls providing health education programs toward increasing physical activity is recommended.
Interpretation bias across body dysmorphic, social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder – a multilevel, diffusion model account

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Interpretation biases are suggested to be transdiagnostic phenomena, but have rarely been compared across disorders and current concerns. We investigated explicit, decision-based and more implicit, reaction time-based interpretation bias in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD; N = 29), social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 36), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N = 22), and non-clinical controls (NC; N = 32), using an adapted Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP). Results indicated that interpretation bias occurred transdiagnostically, while content-specific bias patterns varied meaningfully across groups. BDD and SAD shared explicit and, more inconsistently, implicit interpretation biases for appearance-related and social situations. The GAD group exhibited a negative interpretation bias for general situations, and an additional implicit lack of positive bias. Mechanistic Wiener diffusion model analyses revealed that interpretation bias was mainly driven by speeded information uptake, potentially mirroring disorder-specific associative memory organization. These findings have important implications for the understanding of interpretation biases as both etiological and treatment factors.
Where Does the Time Go?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) is the first time use survey conducted by the U.S. government. It is the only ongoing time use survey, and with the release of the 2004 data, its sample size exceeds that of any other time use survey. This chapter describes the ATUS, reviews some of the uses of time use data, and discusses how specific features of the ATUS affect two key applications—valuing household work and estimating hours worked for pay.
Fluorescence tuning of confined molecules in porous silicon mirrors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Emission signal from fluorescent molecules (fluorescein-5-maleimide) in a porous silicon mirror is enhanced by tuning the pore size and reflectance spectrum of the porous silicon multilayer structure. This is achieved when the reflectance spectrum of the silicon mirror overlaps the fluorescent excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent molecule, and chemical linkers assure the molecular confinement.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy and breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and method This paper reviews and discusses the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. A standardized method of identifying the SLN and detecting micrometastases is suggested, along with a strategy for the elimination of routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Results Although the SLN can be identified successfully by experienced practitioners using either the dye-guided or γ probe-guided method, identification is facilitated when the two techniques are combined. To improve the likelihood of spotting metastases in the SLN, it is desirable to perform step sectioning combined with haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of permanent and frozen sections. SLN biopsy is as accurate for T2 tumours as it is for T1 tumours. However, it is highly unlikely that all false-negative cases can be eliminated, even by detailed histological examination. Nevertheless, patients with T1 tumours with micrometastases in the SLN have shown no evidence of tumour in the non-sentinel nodes. In other words, ALND can be avoided in these patients, even if histological examination of the SLN fails to detect micrometastasis. Conclusion In practice, routine ALND can be avoided in patients with T1 tumours when the identified SLN proves to be histologically negative. However, investigation of long-term regional controls and of survival in a prospective randomized trial is necessary before SLN biopsy can replace routine ALND, particularly for patients with T2 tumours.
Shaping Public Sector Digital Transformation through Design. Translation approaches on training programs as multi-stakeholder ecosystems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the evolving landscape of public sector digital transformation, the integration of design thinking and stakeholder engagement presents a pressing challenge and a valuable opportunity. As a response to this challenge, there is a growing interest in the implementation of training programs within the theoretical framework of translational practices. This study adopts an organisational lens and an analytical framework to look into three instances of design translation in multi-stakeholder ecosystems. Drawing insights from a three-year exploration, it examines the dynamics within two ecosystems: the multidisciplinary and multi-operational partners responsible for designing and executing the training program, and the program participants. By investigating these instances, this study sheds light on favourable or hindering circumstances in the transition of design to the public sector digital transformation within collaborative, multi-stakeholder environments.
Cuarta encuesta nacional de factores de riesgo. Visión nefrológica de los principales resultados

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Epidemiologic surveillance constitutes a fundamental tool for public health, given it provides reliable information at the right time to plan, implement and evaluate health policies at a local level as well as at a regional/national one. The National Health Surveillance System was developed both for communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases; the latter fall within the scope of chronic disease surveillance systems.The National Survey of Risk Factors, which is part of the Non-communicable Diseases Surveillance System and the Household Survey Integrated System, provides timely, reliable, valid information about risk factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity); attention processes in the health system and main NCD in the argentine population (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, among others).
Statistical analysis of ionospheric total electron content (TEC): Long-term estimation of extreme TEC in Japan

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based remote sensing systems, since total ionospheric delay is proportional to TEC through the propagation path. It is important to know extreme TEC values in readiness for hazardous ionospheric conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate extreme TEC values with occurrences of once per year, ten years, and hundred years in Japan. In order to estimate the extreme values of TEC, a cumulative distribution function of daily TEC is derived using 22 years of TEC data from 1997 to 2018. The extreme values corresponding to once per year and ten years are 90 and 110 TECU, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan. On the other hand, the 22-year data set is not sufficient to estimate the once-per-hundred-year value. Thus, we use the 62-year data set of manually scaled ionosonde data for the critical frequency of the F-layer (foF2) at Kokubunji in Tokyo. First, we study the relationship between TEC and foF2 for 22 years and investigate the slab thickness. Then the result is applied to the statistical distribution of foF2 data for 62 years. The result shows that the once-per-100-year TEC is about 130-190 TECU at Tokyo. The value is also estimated to be 160-230 TECU in Kagoshima and 100-150 TECU in Hokkaido, in the southern and northern parts of Japan, respectively.
Teachers’ competence, school policy and social context—HIV prevention needs of primary schools in Kagera, Tanzania

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sub-Saharan Africa carries a high burden of the HIV epidemic, with young adults being particularly affected. Well-designed school-based HIV prevention interventions can contribute to establishing protective behaviour. The aim of this study was to explore the needs of primary school students and teachers in the region of Kagera, Tanzania, regarding an HIV prevention intervention in the primary school setting. The needs assessment was structured according to the PRECEDE component of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Qualitative data was collected in six focus group discussions with primary school students and teachers. Key informant interviews with seven experts were conducted. We employed qualitative content analysis to analyse data in MAXQDA. The findings suggest that teachers need to be adequately trained to provide HIV and sex education and to support HIV-positive students. Enabling structural factors, such as an appropriate syllabus, are required. Stigmatization has been reported a major barrier to HIV prevention in schools. Teachers and students identified a more trustful relationship between each other as well as to legal guardians of children as a basis for HIV prevention. These findings will inform the development of a tailored HIV prevention intervention.
French Women Orientalist Artists, 1861–1956

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book is the first full-length study dedicated to French women Orientalist artists. Mary Kelly has gathered primary documentation relating to seventy-two women artists whose works of art can be placed in the canon of French Orientalism between 1861 and 1956. Bringing these artists together for the first time and presenting close contextual analyses of works of art, attention is given to artists' cross-cultural interactions with painted/sculpted representations of the Maghreb particularly in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Using an interdisciplinary 'open platform of discussion' approach, Kelly builds on established theory which places emphases on the gendered gaze. This entails a discussion on women's painted perspectives of and contacts with Muslim women as well as various Maghrebi cultures and land—all the while remaining mindful of the subject position of the French artist and the problematic issues which can arise when discussing European-made 'ethnographic' scenes. Kelly argues that French women's perspectives of the Maghreb differed from the male gaze and were informed by their artistic training and social positions in Europe. In so doing, French women's socio-cultural modernity is also examined. Moreover, executed between 1861 and 1956, the works of art presented show influences of Modernism; therefore, this book also pays close attention to progressive Realism and Naturalism in art and the Orientalist shift into Modernist subject matter and form. Through this research into French women Orientalists, Kelly engages with important discussions on the crossing view of the historical female other with the cultural other, artistic hybridity and influence in art as well as the postcolonial response to French activities in colonial Algeria and the protectorates of Tunisia and Morocco. On giving focus to women's art and the impact of cross-cultural interchanges, this book rethinks Orientalism in French art. This book will be of particular interest to scholars in the history of art, gender studies, history, and Middle Eastern and North African studies.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BIOLOGIC VERSUS NON-BIOLOGIC THERAPIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REACTIVE ARTHRITIS: A 52-WEEK COHORT STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reactive Arthritis (ReA) is a form of seronegative spondyloarthritis often triggered by infections, primarily from the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts. The disease is characterized by the sudden onset of asymmetric oligoarthritis, leading to significant pain, reduced mobility, and a decline in the quality of life (Sieper et al., 2002). While conventional therapies, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), are commonly used in the management of ReA, biologic therapies—especially tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors—have emerged as a promising alternative in treating refractory cases (Braun & Sieper, 2007). Despite the potential of biologic agents, their high cost and the risk of adverse effects require careful consideration, particularly in resource-limited settings (Coates et al., 2016).
Pour un apprenant réfléchissant

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we present a foreign language learning approach inviting the learner to reflect on the linguistic system. We define "the reflecting learner" as a thinking being who decides to engage in thinking rather than following the teacher's invitation to reflect on his or her performed action. After describing our references (the theory of enunciative operations, the conceptualisation approach, etc.), we give an overview of the main questions which must be answered when designing a learning scenario including language reflection activities. These questions are related, for instance, to the choice of learning objectives and materials and to the choice of metalinguistic terms. The last part of the article presents and analyzes the main characteristics of two recent scenarios, in order to show how a reflective approach can be implemented. In these scenarios, the use of technologies, in particular of an online forum or of online corpora, plays a positive role.
Magnetooptical Studies of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron Layer on HgCdMnTe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photovoltaic magneto-spectroscopy was used for the first time as the interband probe in the study of the 2D electron gas on narrow-gap HgCdMnTe semiconductor.The strong circular dichroism was found which agrees with the phenomenological description of the optical properties of the 2D electron systems in quantized Hall regime.The model of coupled intersubband resonances and interband transitions was proposed as a qualitative explanation.
A Reduced Switch Multiport Converter Drive for Solar-assisted SRM EV with Integrated Driving and Charging Features

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electric Vehicles (EV) offer a strong prospect in achieving emission-free transport. A multiport converter (MPC) integrating Battery, PV power, switched reluctance motor (SRM) and Grid for integrated driving and charging functions is presented in this work. Two relays are incorporated for isolating the ports during various modes. By proper control, Battery and PV power drive the EV together as well as independently, leading to range extension of the EV. Battery is charged using on-board charger (OBC) at unity power factor (UPF) from grid or from PV at EV stand-still conditions. The operation under various modes is verified using simulations results.
Issues and Challenges in Countering Transnational Organized Crimes: Implications on Peace Conditions in Af-Pak Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Insecure borders always provide passage to criminals for their institution. Borders depict the geographical limits of a particular state and determine its power and functioning in a region. Internal security of the country cannot be assured until its boundaries are not regularized. Countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan having numerous social, economic, and security challenges serve as an avenue for traffickers. A disputed border is waning the bilateral relations and promoting the narco-economy in the Af-Pak region. The Afghan opiate is also serving as solid financial support for the Taliban and other terrorist groups. The existence of persistent mistrust and blame game policy is contagiously affecting the lives of ordinary people. The political leadership of Afghanistan and Pakistan should learn a lesson from their past to protect their nationals from economic disasters and smugglers. In addition, the nature of this study is qualitative. Both primary and secondary data prove the main agenda of this study by highlighting the deep and robust linkage of the border dispute in the spread of drug trafficking in both countries. Moreover, there is a dire need for Pak-Afghan border management to provide shelter to the locals and the legal economy. For gaining mutual economic benefits, both states can utilize borders by articulating the mechanism for border regulation.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the Left Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied to relieve symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this prospective, parallel, single-blinded, randomized study, we investigate the modulation effect of three-week tDCS treatment at the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in children with ASD. 47 children with ASD were enrolled, and 40 (20 in each group) completed the study. The primary outcomes are Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R). We found that children with ASD can tolerate three-week tDCS treatment with no serious adverse events detected. A within-group comparison showed that real tDCS, but not sham tDCS, can significantly reduce the scores of CARS, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and general impressions in CARS (15th item). Real tDCS produced significant score reduction in the CSHQ and in CARS general impressions when compared to the effects of sham tDCS. The pilot study suggests that three-week left DLPFC tDCS is well-tolerated and may hold potential in relieving some symptoms in children with ASD.
Optimization of Plant Density and Harvest Time to Maximize Volatile Oil Accumulation in Two Aromatic Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Volatile oil, mainly extracted from aromatic plants, is widely used in medical, cosmetics, and other industries for its disinfection, sterilization, antioxidant, and other effects. The yield of volatile oil was influenced by plant density and harvest time. Here, two common aromatic plants, Perilla frutescens and Ysphania ambrosioide, were taken as examples to investigate the effects of plant density and harvest time on plant yield-related traits, content, and yield of volatile oil, and the oil yield was determined by steam distillation. Results showed that plant density and harvest time significantly affected the yield and quality of the two plants (p < 0.05). Increasing plant density significantly increased the dry yield and leaf dry yield of P. frutescens, while the dry yield and volatile oil content and yield of Y. ambrosioides significantly decreased, and the maximum value exhibited was at the plant density of 80 cm × 80 cm. In P. frutescens, the maximum volatile oil content was obtained at the plant density of 60 cm × 60 cm, and the maximum volatile oil yield was obtained at the plant density of 30 cm × 30 cm. The yield and volatile oil yield of these two plants increased first and then decreased with the extension of harvest time. The maximum of P. frutescens was in mid-September, and that of Y. ambrosioides was in late October to early November. Our study provides new data for improving plant volatile oil yield and commercial value by optimizing planting density and harvest time and highlights the importance of optimizing planting management mode.