jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Americans Support for Renewable Energy is Disconnected from their Understanding of Powerline Infrastructure as a Mechanism to Mitigate Climate Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As nations are transitioning to renewable energy sources, they will need to expand and upgrade their energy infrastructure, including high-voltage power lines (HVPL). We have conducted the first nation-wide survey in the last thirty years to assess public attitudes toward HVPL in the USA. The study evaluates perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes toward building new transmission lines, as these relate to renewable energy, place attachment, and environmental impacts. Our results show that Americans do not recognize how new HVPL could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions; instead, respondents favor moving from centralized energy (large power stations and HVPL) to decentralized energy (local power supply and small scale solar panels and wind turbines. Our findings are consistent with studies from Europe in that citizens recognize negative human impacts on the natural world and support renewable energy, however, they have a limited understanding of the role of HVPL infrastructure in mitigating climate change.
SQLite database of variants in Collaborative Cross founder mouse strains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A SQLite database with two tables: "description" and "variants". The description table includes URLs for the source files. The "variants" table contains the data, including the fields snp_id, chr (1-19, X, Y, MT), pos (in basepairs, GRCm38/mm10 build), alleles (major and minor alleles), sdp (strain distribution pattern, used by R/qtl2) ensembl_gene, consequence, the 8 founders' genotypes (as numeric codes with 1 = major allele), and type (snp/indel/SV).
$q$-Supercongruences with parameters

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In terms of the creative microscoping method recently introduced by Guo and Zudilin [Adv. Math. 346 (2019), 329--358], we find a $q$-supercongruence with four parameters modulo $Φ_n(q)(1-aq^n)(a-q^n)$, where $Φ_n(q)$ denotes the $n$-th cyclotomic polynomial in $q$. Then we empoly it and the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials to derive a $q$-supercongruence with two parameters modulo $[n]Φ_n(q)^3$, where $[n]=(1-q^n)/(1-q)$ is the $q$-integer.
Pesticide-Induced Release From Competition Among Competing <I>Aedes aegypti</I> and <I>Aedes albopictus</I> (Diptera: Culicidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Competitive interactions between mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) may depend on environmental conditions. Pesticides may alleviate density-dependent competition for limited food, and a differential species response to sublethal concentrations may modify interspecific competition. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to malathion alters interspecific resource competition between these two species. In the absence of malathion, Ae. aegypti survivorship and per capita rate of population change were negatively affected by increasing densities of Ae. albopictus. However, the asymmetrical negative effect ofAe. albopictus on Ae. aegypti was eliminated in the presence of malathion. In addition, the presence of malathion resulted in shorter development time compared with the controls. The relative importance of pesticide-mediated coexistence in nature has not been evaluated, so its role in mediating coexistence is unclear; however, these findings underscore the potential of environmental concentrations of malathion, and perhaps other pesticides to facilitate coexistence between species.
Let sleeping dogs lie

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A surgical aphorism has long held that the omentum is the “watchdog of the abdomen.” However, detractors believe that leaving the omentum behind after colectomy precipitates later small bowel obstruction. A retrospective comparison was made between a group of 406 patients (Group I) having omentectomy with proctocolectomy and ileoanal anastomosis and a group of 239 patients (Group II) having a similar procedure without omentectomy. Follow-up in this series of 645 patients was 4.3±2.1 years (mean ± SEM). No difference was present in the rate of partial small bowel obstruction or complete small bowel obstruction between Group I patients (32 percent partial, 12 percent complete) and Group II patients (29 percent partial, 12 percent complete; P> 0.1). However, a better outcome with regard to postoperative sepsis and sepsis requiring operation was apparent in Group II patients retaining the omentum (4 percent and 3 percent, respectively) than in Group I patients (10 percent and 8 percent, respectively), in whom the omentum was removed (P<0.01). As this experience would support, we urge surgeons to “let sleeping dogs lie” and, when possible, retain the omentum when performing colectomy or proctocolectomy.
The Absence of the African‐American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self‐Employment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Estimates from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics indicate that African-American men are one-third as likely to be self-employed as white men. The large discrepancy is due to a black transition rate into self-employment that is approximately one-half the white rate and a black transition rate out of self-employment that is twice the white rate. Using a new variation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, the author finds that racial differences in asset levels and probabilities of having self-employed fathers explain a large part of the gap in the entry rate, but almost none of the gap in the exit rate. Copyright 1999 by University of Chicago Press.
Roe on the Rez: The Case for Expanding Abortion Access on Tribal Land

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the courts have codified and reaffirmed the right to abortion, some state legislatures have enacted increasingly burdensome restrictions on abortion. In a number of states, there is only one abortion clinic available for thousands of people. This Note explores whether Native American tribes, as sovereigns, may establish holistic reproductive health clinics on tribal land. It analyzes abortion law in Wisconsin under the framework of Public Law 280 jurisprudence to determine that clinics in Indian Country would not be subject to state abortion regulations. This Note also explores the practical implications of a Native-owned-and-operated clinic, and concludes that these clinics would greatly increase access to safe reproductive health care for Native and non-Native people.
Age determination in the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Canine teeth from foxes (Alopex lagopus) trapped in the Canadian arctic were aged by counting annular layers in the cementum. Of 513 teeth examined by this method, 448 were from foxes <1 year of age. Only 11% of those caught in February of their first year had a developing incremental line, compared with 77% in foxes >1 year. Simple linear measurement of the anteroposterior width of the pulp cavity was found to be an accurate method of aging 80% of juveniles.
Analysis of the recreational charter business in the caribbean

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Just as the European charter market is being studied in depth by both rental platforms and companies, and even by specialized cabinets, the Caribbean market, due to its incipient technology, does not have complete studies beyond certain articles in specialized or travel magazines.Therefore, it is not easy to find information related to it.In this analysis we will try to make a vision as strict as possible based on the information available in recent years, provided by companies, governments, and studies of economic analysis companies.Most of the technical data has been collected slowly through vein report readings and collated with that posted on specialized reserve systems and portals.We are going to try to immerse ourselves in the recreational charter business through a comparison with the other major world market, the European one.This will help us to get an idea of the current state and the possibilities of the very difficult problem of incorporating a company in the Caribbean
The Influence of Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size and Assets Structure on Capital Structure of Mining Companies That are Registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Users of financial statements require financial information from the company to analyze the financial performance of the company concerned. Financial ratios can be used as a tool to find out the future Capital Structure. This study focuses on the usefulness of Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure to see Capital Structure in the future. In this study used 3 financial ratios. This study aims to determine the effect of partial and simultaneous Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure to Capital Structure at Mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling where all the population was sampled by 10 companies for the study period of 2009-2014. The test used in this research is descriptive statistic, classical assumption test (normality test, multicolinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test), multiple linear regression is used as an analytical tool, to test the hypothesis (ttest and F-test), and test the coefficient of determination . The results of statistical tests show that partially Return On Assets, Return On Equity and Assets Structure have a significant effect on Capital Structure, while Current Ratio, Firm Size has no effect on Capital Structure (Debt To Equity Ratio) in the future. Then, Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure simultaneously influence sìgnifìkan against Capital Structure (Debt To Equity Ratio) in the future. Thus the users of financial statements can consider these ratios as a tool of consideration in decision making. The result of determination coefficient 41,5% indicate that 41,5% variation of Capital Structure value influenced by Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure, the rest 58,5% influenced by variable Others not examined in this study.
Queering Crime Reporting: Representing Anti-queer Violence in LGBTQ News Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract While criminology has studied news media reporting for decades, it has largely overlooked reporting on anti-queer violence and depictions of crime outside mainstream outlets. This article addresses this gap by analysing how anti-queer violence is represented in LGBTQ community media. By analysing 1,295 articles from 11 LGBTQ publications across five Anglophone countries between 2019 and 2021, we examine which forms of anti-queer violence are deemed newsworthy in these outlets. Our analysis reveals that LGBTQ community media emphasize particular types of violence, relationships between victims and perpetrators and contexts of victimization while downplaying or disregarding others. We argue that this selective representation both mirrors and ‘queers’ prevailing norms in mainstream crime news reporting in culturally and criminologically significant ways. In grappling with this tension, we identify and critique several cisheteronormative assumptions embedded in the existing literature on news media representations of crime. Ultimately, our analysis calls for a re-evaluation and revision of the existing discourse within media criminology, urging scholars to engage with a broader range of experiences, communities and narrative practices to understand better how violence is culturally mediated.
Metabolism of Trehalose in Euglena gracilis. beta-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate, Activation Factor of Phosphoglucomutase for beta-Glucose 1-phosphate

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate as a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by the phosphoglucomutase for β-glucose 1-phosphate (β-phosphoglucomutase) has been examined in purified extracts of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. 1 The incubation of β-glucose 1-[32P]phosphate with β-phosphoglucomutase in presence of high concentrations (0.1 mM) of a commercial preparation of α-d(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (prepared synthetically) yielded a labelled compound running electrophoretically and chromatographically as the sugar bisphosphate. Specificity studies with β-phosphoglucomutase and muscle phosphoglucomutase (α-phosphoglucomutase) strongly suggest that the compound formed is β-glucose 1,6-[32P]bisphosphate. The results would also indicate that the commerical preparation of α-d(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate contains β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate as contaminant. 2 When synthetic β-glucose 1-phosphate preparations were purified by paper chromatography and then incubated with β-phosphoglucomutase, no glucose 6-phosphate could be detected. On the other hand the reaction readily took place when challenged with the chromatographic fraction that runs as sugar bisphosphate. Upon analysis with electrophoresis, chromatography and weak acid hydrolysis, and experiments with β-phosphoglucomutase and α-phosphoglucomutase it was concluded that this compound is β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. 3 It was established that the natural α-d(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate not only fails to sustain the reaction catalyzed by β-phosphoglucomutase but rather inhibits the reaction when added to the whole β-phosphoglucomutase system. It was also demonstrated that β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate acts as inhibitor of the α-phosphoglucomutase system. 4 These results show for the first time that β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is an active and necessary participant in the reaction catalyzed by β-phosphoglucomutase. The role played by β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in this reaction would be essentially the same as that of the α-anomer in the reaction catalyzed by α-phosphoglucomutase.
ETHICS ANDINTERNATIONALBUSINESS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

▪ Abstract The activities of oil and other energy companies are increasingly being challenged by nongovernmental organizations and media to justify their behavior in ethical terms. Activities that visibly damage the environment have long been challenged by advocacy groups. In recent years public interest has broadened into calls to respect “sustainability,” human rights, and other ethical imperatives. This article attempts to set these developments in the context of international promotion of the idea of a global “civil society.” Ethical codes reach, by persuasion, beyond coercive legal obligations. They have the character and role of “repeated games.” Codes of behavior for business are rooted in national and cultural values, which may conflict at the international level. However, many governments following the lead of the United States are often developing sanctions to promote ethical behavior by businesses, to redress the failure of markets to manage common access to resources and to protect aspects of the natural world for its own sake. Examples are efforts to uphold human rights, fight against corruption, and promote sustainability of resources. Business leaders and the nongovernment organizations that advocate international values on these subjects have the opportunity to contribute to the development of global civil society by working together to establish persuasive codes that do not require slow and difficult international intervention by government.
Intrinsic B cell defects in NZB and NZW mice contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that long-term in vitro proliferating fetal liver pre-B cell lines derived from autoimmune-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 (BW) mice, but not normal (B6 x DBA2)F1 mice, can differentiate in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to produce elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG, and high titers of antinuclear antibodies The contribution of parental NZB and NZW strains to B cell abnormalities of BW hybrid mice was investigated here by preparing pre-B cells and transferring them into immunodeficient SCID- and RAG-2-targeted mice. We show that transfer of NZB pre-B cells led to a marked IgM hypergammaglobulinemia and to the production of limited amounts of IgG2a. On the other hand, the transfer of NZW pre-B cell lines led to moderately elevated IgM levels and marked hypergammaglobulinemia of IgG2a. High IgM and low IgG anti-DNA titers are found in the recipients of NZB pre-B cells, whereas those receiving NZW pre-B cells contained lower levels of IgM and high titers of IgG anti-DNA. In marked contrast, essentially identical titers of antibodies directed against a non-self-antigen, DNP, are found in all group of pre-B cell recipients. Thus, B-lineage cells of both NZB and NZW parental strains manifest abnormalities associated with the development of this lupus-like disease. Therefore, the present study strongly suggests a complex inheritance of B cell abnormalities in autoimmune-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice and emphasizes the critical importance of intrinsic B cell defects in the development of murine systemic lupus erythematosus.
Intersecting the Academic Gender Gap: The Education of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although gender is central to contemporary accounts of educational stratification, sexuality has been largely invisible as a population-level axis of academic inequality. Taking advantage of major recent data expansions, the current study establishes sexuality as a core dimension of educational stratification in America. First, I analyze lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults’ college completion rates: overall, by race/ethnicity and by birth cohort. Then, using new data from the High School Longitudinal Survey of 2009, I analyze LGB students’ performance on a full range of achievement and attainment measures. Across analyses, I reveal two demographic facts. First, women’s rising academic advantages are largely confined to straight women: although lesbian women historically outpaced straight women, in contemporary cohorts, lesbian and bisexual women face significant academic disadvantages. Second, boys’ well-documented underperformance obscures one group with remarkably high levels of school success: gay boys. Given these facts, I propose that marginalization from hegemonic gender norms has important—but asymmetric—impacts on men and women’s academic success. To illustrate this point, I apply what I call a “gender predictive” approach, using supervised machine learning methods to uncover patterns of inequality otherwise obscured by the binary sex/gender measures typically available in population research.
Mr. Harrod on Hump Saving

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

fundamental theory of the supply of saving, says Mr. Harrod,1 may be set out in the form of equations . This note is concerned with the particular form in which Mr. Harrod proceeds to set these equations out, and with the way in which he interprets them. But if, in consequence, a large part of it is devoted to a rather critical discussion of some of his results, we should not let this divert our attention from the importance of the problem to which he has chiefly applied them. Very briefly, Mr. Harrod investigates whether or not there is any automatic regulator (such as the rate of interest) which can be relied upon to maintain the stability of an advancing economy. He concludes that there is not. The argument of the present note in no way casts doubt upon the validity of this general conclusion. Mr. Harrod distinguishes between two broad types of personal saving. First, there is the saving a man does for his heirs-saving for posterity. The second he terms hump saving. Hump savings are savings a man makes only in order to be able to spend at some later stage of his lifein order to secure for himself that distribution of consumption through time that maximises his utility, discounted to the present. The term hump is appropriate because, broadly speaking, a man may be expected to accumulate assets during youth and middle age to provide for his retirement and senescence. If he calculates correctly, and desires to leave nothing for posterity, he will dissipate these assets at such a rate that their exhaustion coincides with his death. The curve depicting the time path of the volume of his assets will therefore be humped. It is the reaction of the area under this curve-of the hump itself-to changes in the rate of interest that Mr. Harrod investigates. He is led to conclude that the size of the hump is likely to grow as the rate of interest rises. Before examining the validity of this conclusion, it might be as well to dispose of the first element in personal saving:
Prediction of Flap Necrosis by Using Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Cases of Venous Occlusion in the Epigastric Flap Model of the Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background A compromised free flap perfusion attributable to vascular occlusion requires immediate operative correction. Indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography may reduce the risk of partial skin flap necrosis in high-risk free flaps in patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ICG in cases of venous congestion in a rat model. Methods A standardized epigastric flap was raised and repositioned in 35 rats. Full venous occlusion of the draining superficial inferior epigastric vein was temporarily applied for 4, 5, 6, or 7 hours. Blood flow measurements including simultaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry (oxygen-to-see [O2C]) and ICG videoangiography with the FLOW 800 tool were performed before flap raising, after temporary venous stasis, and after clinical monitoring for 1 week. The Youden index computed from the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define an optimal cutoff value for necrosis prediction after 4 and 6 hours of stasis. Results The ICG videoangiography with the FLOW 800 tool was found to be superior to O2C in the prediction of flap necrosis. The accuracy of prediction was moderate after an interval of 4 hours of stasis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.661; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.489–0.834) and good after 6 hours of stasis (AUC = 0.787; 95% CI: 0.65–0.915). Conclusions The O2C does not reliably predict tissue necrosis in cases of venous congestion. ICG videoangiography is a valuable tool that can predict clinical outcome and provide guidance on whether to salvage a congested flap.
How Does Nostalgia Conduce to Global Self-Continuity? The Roles of Identity Narrative, Associative Links, and Stability.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In five studies (N = 1,074), we examined the relation-both correlational and causal-between nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, and global self-continuity (GSC), a sense of connection among past, present, and future selves. Furthermore, we addressed mechanisms underlying this relation. We asked, in particular, whether nostalgic individuals might achieve GSC by constructing a narrative to give meaning to life transitions (narrative), connecting to the past (associative links), or believing in a self that is resistant to change (stability). Nostalgia predicted (Studies 1-3) and caused (Studies 4 and 5) GSC. The relation between nostalgia and GSC was consistently mediated by narrative, sporadically mediated by associative links, and unmediated by stability. The robust indirect effect via narrative remained significant when controlling for rumination (Study 3). We discuss theoretical and practical implications.