jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Passenger Demand Forecasting Using Univariate Time Series Theory

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the paper is to identify and analyse the forecasting performance of the model of passenger demand for suburban bus transport time series, which satisfies the statistical significance of its parameters and randomness of its residuals. Box-Jenkins, exponential smoothing and multiple linear regression models are used in order to design a more accurate and reliable model compared the ones used nowadays. Forecasting accuracy of the models is evaluated by comparative analysis of the calculated mean absolute percent errors of different approaches to forecasting. In accordance with the main goal of the paper was identified the ARIMA model, which fulfils almost all statistical criterions with an exception of the model residuals normality. In spite of the limitation, the best forecasting abilities of identified model have been proven in comparison with other approaches to forecasting in the paper. The published findings of research will have positive influence on increasing the forecasting accuracy in the process of passenger demand forecasting.
Users shopping behavior mining of B2C e-commerce

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rich transaction information and customer data can be recorded by the back-end database of e-commerce sites.By the application of the basket model in data mining analysis the correlation between data and predict customer loyalty.Then combined with the customer's shopping behavior, sales promotions pattern based prediction model is proposed and implemented.The research results will enable the B2C e-commerce to make the appropriate commercial promotion, and to improve the profitability of the company in the B2C mode by customer behavior, personal preferences.
The Correspondence Theory of Truth

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work presents a version of the correspondence theory of truth based on Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and Russell’s theory of truth and discusses related metaphysical issues such as predication, facts, and propositions. Like Russell and one prominent interpretation of the Tractatus, it assumes a realist view of universals. Part of the aim is to avoid Platonic propositions, and although sympathy with facts is maintained in the early chapters, the book argues that facts as real entities are not needed. It includes discussion of contemporary philosophers such as David Armstrong, William Alston, and Paul Horwich, as well as those who write about propositions and facts and a number of recent students of Bertrand Russell. It will interest teachers and advanced students of philosophy who are interested in the realist conception of truth and in issues in metaphysics related to the correspondence theory of truth and those interested in Russell and the Tractatus.
Effects of non-MHC background genes on the induction of CD4+ T cells that prevent rejection of a highly immunogenic tumor, FBL-3

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study showed that non-MHC genes common to (DBA/2 H-2d) and (DBA/1 H-2q) gave rise to suppressor T (Ts) cells in the hybrid F1 mice between C57BL/6 (B6) strain in the anti-FBL-3 tumor responses. FBL-3, a Friend virus-induced tumor cell line of B6 mouse origin, is highly immunogenic as shown by findings that syngeneic and hybrid F1 mice with several other inbred strains rejected up to 3 x 10(7) tumors cell inoculated s.c. and generated potent CTL responses after mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture. In contrast to these mice, (B6 x DBA/2) and (B6 x DBA/1)F1 mice did not reject the tumor as the tumor doses increased. Progressive tumor growth in these F1 mice was blocked by an i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) on day 10, but not on day 5, after tumor cell inoculation. Anti-CD4 (GK1.5) mAb exerted similar therapeutic effects against tumor when given twice, between day 0 and 10, whereas the additional injection of anti-CD8 mAb enhanced the tumor growth in mice that otherwise rejected the tumor. Thus, in the response of (B6 x DBA/2)F1 mice to FBL-3 tumor cells, CD4+ Ts seemed to down-regulate the immunologically mediated regression of the tumor produced by CD8+ CTL. This was evidenced by limiting dilution culture analyses, which showed that the frequency of an FBL-3-specific CTL precursor in the (B6 x DBA/2)F1 mice that rejected the tumor with anti-CD4 mAb was approximately 7- to 9-fold higher than that in mice in which the tumor regressed spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-world effects of anti-dementia treatment on mortality in patients with Alzheimer´s dementia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To examine the real-world effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) on all-cause mortality. A nationwide, retrospective cohort study. Participants were diagnosed with incident AD in Denmark from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011 with follow-up until December 31, 2012. A total of 36,513 participants were included in the current study with 22,063 deaths during 132,426 person-years of follow-up. At baseline, patients not treated with AChEI (n = 28,755 [9961 males (35%)]) had a mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 80.33 ± 7.98 years (78.97 ± 8.26 for males and 81.04 ± 7.98 for females), as compared to 79.95 ± 7.67 (78.87 ± 7.61 for males and 80.61 ± 7.63 for females) in the group exposed at baseline. Patients treated with AChEI had a beneficial hazard ratio (HR) of 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.67–0.71) for all-cause mortality as compared to patients not treated, with donepezil (HR 0.80, 95% CI [0.77–0.82]) and galantamine (HR 0.93,95% CI [0.89–0.97]) having beneficial effects on mortality rate as compared to non-treatment, whereas rivastigmine (HR 0.99, 95% CI [0.95–1.03]) was associated with a mortality rate comparable to non-treatment with AChEI. Patients were primarily exposed to donepezil (65.8%) with rivastigmine (19.8%) and galantamine (14.4%) being used less often. These findings underscore the effect of AChEI on not only reducing speed of cognitive decline but also directly prolonging life, which could result in changes in treatment recommendation for when to stop treatment.
Plane-polar near-field to far-field transformation with the near-field interpolation method

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A major step in the computation required to transform a plane-polar near-field into the far-field is the Hankel transform. One of the simplest ways to circumvent numerical Hankel transform evaluations is the interpolation method which converts the polar grid to a rectangular grid. This method turns out to be the most efficient plane-polar near-field to far-field transformation method
Changes in students' achievement in learning the Chinese language across grades and over time.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the changes in students' achievement in learning Chinese as a foreign language across school grades and over a period of a school year in an Australian school. The Rasch model using the QUEST computer program was employed to calculate appropriate scores to estimate the difficulty levels of the test items on a scale that operated across grade levels (Year 4 to Year 12) and across four school term occasions. This paper also identifies whether the level of students' achievement in learning the Chinese language is associated with their proficiency in English word knowledge, as well as the student's underlying verbal ability in English.
Monotonicity of limit wave speed of periodic traveling wave solutions via Abelian integral

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we investigate monotonicity of limit wave speed of periodic traveling wave solutions for a perturbed generalized KdV equation via Abelian integral. We have answered an open problem outlined by Yan et al. (2014) and the conjecture proposed by Ouyang et al. (2022). Geometric singular perturbation theory allows for the reduction of a three-dimensional dynamical system to a near-Hamiltonian planar system. Furthermore, utilizing the monotonic behavior of the ratio of Abelian integrals, we develop a method to show the existence of at most one isolated periodic traveling wave which is much simpler proof than that in Yan et al.(2014). Finally, we present numerical simulations that perfectly match the theoretical outcomes.
Note sur certains sols vertisoliques formés en climat tempéré

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the «forêt de Parroy » (Lorraine), there are peculiar soils, which are developed on Keuper-marls. It is difficult to compare these dark-grey and very argillaceous soils, showing a polyhedral structure, with other soil-types already known. A careful study of two profiles points out that they are «lithomorphous vertisols», which have superficially evolued towards a «leached brown soil » type.
Multiplex PCR assay and simple preparation method for stool specimens detect enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli DNA during course of infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of diarrhea among travelers and residents of developing countries. ETEC produces either a heat-stable toxin or a heat-labile toxin, or both, encoded by plasmid-borne ST and LT genes, respectively. Diagnosis of infection with this subclass of E. coli can be performed with oligonucleotide hybridization probes; however, the sensitivity and specificity of this method are insufficient. A nonradioactive multiplex PCR assay that provides a sensitive and specific method for detecting the presence of either or both toxin genes has been developed. A simple procedure that removed inhibitors of the PCR while efficiently releasing ETEC DNA from stool specimens for subsequent amplification was used. The results for samples from a human volunteer study of ETEC infection indicated that this method of sample preparation results in greater clinical sensitivity than conventional total nucleic acid extraction and ethanol precipitation. Detection of ETEC by a multiplex PCR assay in stool specimens directly processed with a glass matrix and chaotropic solution had greater sensitivity than culture.
Practical Issues With Modern Marginalia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter concludes the book and presents issues apropos to marginalia and annotation that warrant further consideration. In particular, the chapter addresses privacy concerns surrounding public annotation and other related ethical problematizations that accompany the use of web annotators. The chapter discusses the dilemma posed by the use of web annotation over digital writing spaces, such as blogs and personal websites, and its encroachment on the right to public and private discourse on the web.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (Court Decision number 1945/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine criminal responsibility for domestic violence in court decision Number 1945 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn) and to find out the legal considerations of judges in imposing criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of domestic violence committed by husbands against wives in Court decision Number . 1945 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn. The research used to answer the two things above is the decision literature research and the author takes the data obtained from the decision of the Medan District Court. The results of this study indicate that the application of material criminal law to criminal acts in the judge's decision in case No. 1945 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn. In accordance with the legislation in this matter regulated in law number 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence in imposing a criminal sentence, the judge has given considerations in accordance with the facts and it was revealed in the trial both from a material criminal and criminal perspective.
Surgical Treatment for Humeral Shaft Nonunion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

上腕骨骨幹部偽関節および遷延癒合症例4例を前方進入による plate 固定と腸骨移植で治療した．手術時年齢は27歳から60歳で，男1例・女3例であった．初回治療は functional brace による保存療法2例，エンダー釘による骨接合術2例で，受傷から偽関節手術までの期間は3から63ヵ月であった．全例6ヵ月以内に骨癒合した．Plate 固定の最大の利点は強固な圧迫固定性と，肩肘を損傷しないので術直後から関節可動域訓練が行えることである．
Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with U-Wrapped FRCM Composites: State of the Art and Assessment of Available Analytical Models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Shear strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) members with externally bonded (EB) fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites represents an attractive solution with respect to alternative strengthening techniques. The EB FRCM could be side-bonded, U-wrapped, or fully wrapped around the beam cross section. Compared with analogous research on EB fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), limited work was performed to study the contribution of the EB FRCM to the shear strength of RC beams and was mainly focused on the U-wrapped configuration. Although various analytical models to estimate the EB FRCM shear strength contribution were proposed, their accuracy and the role of different parameters on the results obtained were not thoroughly investigated. In this paper, a state of the art on side-bonded and U-wrapped FRCM shear-strengthened RC beams is provided and discussed to highlight the knowledge gaps and identify the main parameters that control the member shear strength. The accuracy of the available analytical models for the U-wrapped configuration is assessed with respect to a database of experimental FRCM shear-strengthened RC beams collated from the literature. The results obtained point out the key features that the analytical model should have to provide accurate and reliable predictions.
Utilization of local material in the construction of an embankment for recharging groundwater aquifer with treated wastewater effluents

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Water is certainly the most precious and valuable resource of the physical environment for all living creatures. It is now well established that in many agricultural regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the water table has been depleted dramatically. If the current level of agricultural production is to be maintained, other sources of agricultural water must be found. There is at least a billion cubic metres of secondary municipal effluent wasted annually. Thus, utilization of these wastewater effluents to recharge groundwater aquifers and reuse them at least for agricultural purposes becomes a viable proposition. In the study reported herein, treated wastewater will be used to recharge aquifers using spreading basins. The basin consists of a dune sand filter confined, from all sides, by an embankment of compacted sand/marl material. A field site has been constructed in Al-Aziziyah in eastern Saudi Arabia. The sand filter is constructed from clean dune sand, has an area of 25 x 25 m, and has an effective height of approximately 7.0 m. The stability and permeability of the embankment were of primary importance, and its construction had been precisely controlled. The materials used in the construction are locally available. The characteristics of the materials, the construction procedures, and the stability analysis are presented in detail.
Cohen-Macaulay property of binomial edge ideals with girth of graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Conca and Varbaro (2020) [5] showed the equality of depth of a graded ideal and its initial ideal in a polynomial ring when the initial ideal is square-free. In this paper, we give some beautiful applications of this fact in the study of Cohen-Macaulay binomial edge ideals. We prove that for the characterization of Cohen-Macaulay binomial edge ideals, it is enough to consider only "biconnected graphs with some whisker attached" and this done by investigating the initial ideals. We give several necessary conditions for a binomial edge ideal to be Cohen-Macaulay in terms of smaller graphs. Also, under a hypothesis, we give a sufficient condition for Cohen-Macaulayness of binomial edge ideals in terms of blocks of graphs. Moreover, we show that a graph with Cohen-Macaulay binomial edge ideal has girth less than 5 or equal to infinity.
Are global sufficient statistics always sufficient: The impact of quantization on decentralized data reduction

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The sufficiency principle is the guiding principle for data reduction for various statistical inference problems. There has been recent effort in developing the sufficiency principle for decentralized inference with a particular emphasis on studying the relationship between global sufficient statistics and local sufficient statistics. We consider in this paper the impact of quantization on decentralized data reduction. The central question we intend to ask is: if each node in a decentralized inference system has to summarize its data using a finite number of bits, is it still sufficient to implement data reduction using global sufficient statistics prior to quantization? We show that the answer is negative using a simple example and proceed to identify conditions when global sufficient statistics based data reduction is indeed optimal. They include the well known case when the data at decentralized nodes are conditionally independent as well as a class of problems with conditionally dependent data.
Investigation of Clinical Safety of Human iPS Cell-Derived Liver Organoid Transplantation to Infantile Patients in Porcine Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transplantation of liver organoids has been investigated as a treatment alternative to liver transplantation for chronic liver disease. Transportal approach can be considered as a method of delivering organoids to the liver. It is important to set the allowable organoid amount and verify translocation by intraportal transplantation. We first examined the transplantation tolerance and translocation of porcine fetal liver-derived allogeneic organoids using piglets. Fetal liver-derived organoids generated from the Kusabira Orange-transduced pig were transplanted to the 10-day-old piglet liver through the left branch of the portal vein. All recipients survived without any observable adverse events. In contrast, both local and main portal pressures increased transiently during transplantation. In necropsy samples, Kusabira Orange-positive donor cells were detected primarily in the target lobe of the liver and partly in other areas, including the lungs and brain. As we confirmed the transplantation allowance by porcine fetal liver-derived organoids, we performed intraportal transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoid, which we plan to use in clinical trials, and portal pressure and translocation were investigated. Human iPSC-derived liver organoids were transplanted into the same 10-day-old piglet. Portal hypertension and translocation of human iPSC-derived liver organoids to the lungs were observed in one of two transplanted animals. Translocation occurred in the piglet in which patent ductus venosus (PDV) was observed. Therefore, a 28-day-old piglet capable of surgically ligating PDV was used, and after the PDV was ligated, human iPSC-derived liver organoids with the amount of which is scheduled in clinical trials were transplanted. This procedure inhibited the translocation of human iPSC-derived liver organoids to extrahepatic sites without no portal hypertension. In conclusion, human iPSC-derived liver organoids can be safely transplanted through the portal vein. Ligation of the ductus venosus prior to transplantation was effective in inhibiting extrahepatic translocation in newborns and infants.
The effect of 2-Ethyl-3-methylvaleramide (V alnoctamide) on the central nervous system of the rabbit (Report 2)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Valnoctamideの中枢作用部位および作用機序についてウサギの急性脳波実験を行ない電気生理学的な面から検討を加えた.同時にChlordiazepoxideおよびMeprbamateの中枢作用と比較検討を行なった.(1)自発脳波に対してValnoctamide 40mg/kg (i. v.)投与で投与中より投与後5m位にかけて皮質脳波は240～400μV, 5～6cpsのかなり著明な律動的波型を呈し,皮質下脳波では扁桃核に15～20cpsの高電位の特徴的な波が出現した.この扁桃核の脳波変化はChlordiazepoxide 10mg/kg (i. v.)投与の場合にも見られた.投与後15m位より皮質脳波は500μVあるいはそれ以上の著明な高電位不規則徐波を呈したが,皮質下脳波はその割に変化がなかった.投与後30～45mより皮質脳波に紡錘波群の出現する安静時脳波パターンが現われ1～2hこの状態が持続した.この安静時脳波パターンはChlordiazepoxide 10mg/kg (i. v.)およびMeprobamate 80mg/kg (i. v.)投与の場合にも投与後30～60m位より同様に見られた.(2)扁桃核刺激による後発射に対してValnoctamide 40mg/kg (i. v.)投与で10例中7例に投与後180～240mにかけて持続時間を短縮または消失せしめたが,剌激電圧の上昇は見られなかった. 80mg/kg (i. v.)投与では投与後240～300mに渡って剌激閾値を50～70%程度上昇せしめた. Chlordiazepoxide 10mg/kg (i.v.)投与では刺激閾値は50%程度上昇するのが10例中3例に見られ,残りの7例では持続時間が50～70%程度短縮された. 20mg/kg (i. v.)では5例中4例において剌激閾値は50～150%上昇した.一方Meprobamate 40mg/kg (i. v.)投与ではほとんど作用がなかったが, 80mg/kg (i. v.)投与の場合には5例中4例に持続時間の短縮が見られた.(3)海馬繭激による後発射に対してValnoctamide 40～80mg/kg投与で投与後60m位まで10例中8例に持続時間は30～60%程度短縮するのが見られた. Chlordiazepoxide 10mg/kg (i. v.)投与の場合は5例中3例に持続時間は軽度(20～30%)に延長した. 20mg/kg (i. v.)で5例中4例において投与後120～180mにかけて持続時間は50～70%程度短縮した. Meprobamateは120mg/kg (i. v.)の大量投与ではじあて後発射は5例全例に短縮または消失が見られた.(4)中脳網様体,視床正中核,視床下部後部あるいは中脳中心灰白質剌激による脳波覚醒反応に対してValnoctamide 40mg/kg (i. v.)は視床正中核の剌激閾値を平均33%の上昇を, 80mg/kg (i. v.)では視床正中核および視床下部後部の剌激閾値をそれぞれ50%および60%上昇した.中脳網様体および中脳中心灰白質剌激の閾値は40mg/kg (i. v.)投与でそれぞれ25%および20%, 80mg/kg (i. v.)でそれぞれ40%および30%を上昇せしあた. Chlordiazepoxide 10mg/kg (i. v.)投与は中脳網様体の剌激閾値をわずか10%程度上昇せしめたに過ぎないが,他の部位に対しては40～50%程度の閾値の上昇が見られた.Meprobamate 80mg/kg (i. v.)投与では中脳網様体および視床下部後部の剌激閾値をいづれも35%上昇せしめたが,視床正中核および中脳中心灰白質の剌激閾値は共に23%および27%上昇した.(5)Valnoctamideの穏和精神安定薬としての作用機序は大脳辺縁系および視床下部の抑制にもとづくものと考えられる.またValnoctamideが大脳辺縁系に対して抑制作用を示すことは抗癲癇薬としての作用も併せて持つのではなかろうかと想像される.
Validity and reliability of the English and translated Chinese versions of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) in Singapore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context: Measurement of patient-centred outcomes enables clinicians to focus on patient and family priorities and enables quality of palliative care to be assessed. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the English and translated Chinese IPOS among advanced cancer patients in Singapore. Methods: IPOS was forward and backward translated from English into Chinese. Structural validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis; known-group validity by comparing inpatients and community patients; construct validity by correlating IPOS with Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised (ESAS-r) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G); internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha; inter-rater reliability between patient and staff responses; test-retest reliability of patient responses between two timepoints. Results: 111 English-responding and 109 Chinese-responding patients participated. The three-factor structure (Physical Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms and Communication and Practical Issues) was confirmed with Comparative Fit Index and Tucker-Lewis-Index > 0.9 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation < 0.08. Inpatients scored higher than outpatients as hypothesised. Construct validity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r≥|0.608|) was shown between the related subscales of IPOS and FACT-G and ESAS-r. Internal consistency was confirmed for total and subscale scores (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.84), except for the Communication and Practical Issues subscale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.29–0.65). Inter-rater reliability (Intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] ≤ 0.43) between patient and staff responses was insufficient. Test-retest reliability was confirmed with Intra-class correlation coefficient ICC = 0.80 (English) and 0.88 (Chinese) for IPOS Total. Conclusion: IPOS in English and Chinese showed good validity, good internal consistency, and good test-retest reliability, except for the Communication and Practical Issues subscale. There was poor inter-rater reliability between patients and staff.