jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioequivalence of Omeprazole in Healthy Volunteers and the Determination of its Metabolites in Urine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim To develop a method to determine the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole capsules in human plasma by HPLC for the study of bioavailability in Chinese healthy volunteers and to determine its metabolites in urine. Methods A random-ized two-way cross-over was used for two oral groups.Volunteers took a single oral dose of 40mg tested omepazole and reference omepazole respectively. Then omeprazole concentrations in plasma and metabolites in urine were detected by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters as well as relative bioavailability were analyzed by software DAS.Results The results showed that the plasma concentration-time curves of the two omeprazole capsules conformed to a two compartment open model . The main parameters were as follows:Tmax was (1.94 ±0.86)h and (2.11±0.73)h;Cmax was (796.57±336.63)ng·ml-1 and (776.30±341.55)ng·ml-1, AUC0～12 was (1 755.86±1 169.44)ng·h·ml-1 and (1 749.90±61 241.73)ng·h·ml-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability of omeprazole capsule was (105.00±30.08)%. Conclusion The result of the statistical analysis showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent .
Plant neighborhood shapes diversity and reduces interspecific variation of the phyllosphere microbiome. Meyer et. al 2022. ISME-J.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is the data archive for: Meyer et al. 2022. Plant neighborhood shapes diversity and reduces interspecific variation of the phyllosphere microbiome. ISME-J. Please cite this article when using these archived data.DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01184-6
Included are raw genetic sequences of the V5-V7 region of the 16S rRNA gene derived from experimental leaf surfaces of tomato, pepper, and bean plants.
Included in this archive are:Raw sequence data (RawFASTQ.zip)Reproducible R scripts (MeyerEtAl2021_RScript.R, VarPartSupplement.R)R objects corresponding to archived scripts (.RDS)Data for generating certain plots (PermanovaRValues.txt, PermanovaValuesByHost.txt, NeutralModelRValuesByHarvest.txt, VarPartHostEffects.txt)Sample metadata (NeighborhoodMetaData.txt)Phylogenetic Tree file for sample ASVs (PhyloTree.tre)Geographic distance matrix for distances between plots (GeodistNeighborhood.txt)ddPCR (microbial abundance) data (ddPCR_Neighborhood.csv)R script for rarefication function (Rarefy_mean.R)Taxonomic assignments for all ASVs in study (Taxonomy_Neighborhood.txt)R image files to load R environment instead of running script (MeyerEtAl2021_RScript.RData, VarPartSupplement.RData)
Tales from Luristan (Matalya Lurissu): Tales, Fables and Folk Poetry from the Lur of Bala‐Gariva, Sekandar Amanolahi and W.M. Thackston transcribed and translated with notes on the phonology, the grammar of Luri and Luri‐English vocabulary. Harvard Iranian Series, Vol. 4, 1986, XIII + 250 pp. $19.95 paperback.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tales from Luristan (Matalya Lurissu): Tales, Fables and Folk Poetry from the Lur of Bala‐Gariva, Sekandar Amanolahi and W.M. Thackston transcribed and translated with notes on the phonology, the grammar of Luri and Luri‐English vocabulary. Harvard Iranian Series, Vol. 4, 1986, XIII + 250 pp. $19.95 paperback. - Volume 22 Issue 1
Neural Network Model Obfuscation through Adversarial Training

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increased commercialization of deep learning (DL) models, there is also a growing need to protect them from illicit usage. For cost- and ease of deployment reasons it is becoming increasingly common to run DL models on the hardware of third parties. Although there are some hardware mechanisms, such as Trusted Execution Environments (TEE), to protect sensitive data, their availability is still limited and not well suited to resource demanding tasks, like DL models, that benefit from hardware accelerators. In this work, we make model stealing more difficult, presenting a novel way to divide up a DL model, with the main part on normal infrastructure and a small part in a remote TEE, and train it using adversarial techniques. In initial experiments on image classification models for the Fashion MNIST and CIFAR 10 datasets, we observed that this obfuscation protection makes it significantly more difficult for an adversary to leverage the exposed model components.
Do Looks Matter?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Attractive people are treated differently from others more generally. Research has shown that attractive people are afforded more personal space, are more likely to win arguments, and are more trusted with personal secrets. Other research is consistent with these findings, showing that attractive people are considered more intelligent, happier, and more successful, perceived as having a better personality, and more likely to get married. Research repeatedly demonstrates a positive correlation between physical attractiveness and treatment from others, leading physically attractive individuals to have better jobs, higher incomes, and more friends than others. In the evolutionary psychological view of human history, the central mating problem for men was inseminating fertile females, while the central problem for women was obtaining good genes from high-quality males and perhaps some parental provisioning and protection. Attractive or beautiful individuals are perceived to be more successful, intelligent, reliable, outgoing, more confident, and resourceful.
EOG Artifact Correction from EEG Signals for Biomedical Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The electroencephalogram records the electrical activity of the brain and is the main resource of information for studying neurological disorders. Corruption of EEG signal is caused by occurrence of various artifacts like line interference, electrooculogram, electrocardiogram, and muscle activity. These artifacts increase the difficulty in analyzing the EEG and obtaining clinical information. The ocular artifact detection and correction from EEG is of considerable significance for both the automatic and visual analysis of brainwave activity by neurologists for proper diagnosis. In this paper, a statistical method for removing ocular artifacts from EEG recordings through thresholding and correlation is proposed. EEG database of 325 samples from Colorado state university is used for experimentation. The mean, variance, standard deviation, and correlation are the performance metrics used. The results show that the proposed method significantly detects and removes the EOG and line frequency artifact without loss of important part of original EEG.
Virtue, Knowledge, and the Good

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The connection between virtue and knowledge is explored in this chapter. Various accounts of Plato’s ethics attempt to focus on the so-called Socratic paradoxes and then try to show how Plato can be seen to have constructed a psychology of action to defend these paradoxes. What is it that these paradoxes try to teach us about morality (Section 3.1)? What is “Socratic” knowledge knowledge of? How is knowledge of the Idea of the Good supposed to be relevant to morality (Section 3.2)? Virtue is a human good but so are health and wealth, friendship, and pleasure. How does Plato’s moral realism deal with these goods when they conflict (Section 3.3)? What does the practice of philosophy have to do with virtue? Can one be virtuous without being a successful philosopher (Section 3.4)? The gradations of virtue in the dialogues and their metaphysical foundation are discussed (Section 3.5). What does the Idea of the Good add to an account of human virtue or excellence (Section 3.6)? This is followed by a comparison of motivation in Plato and Kant (Section 3.7).
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia, Part II: Phenomenological Qualities and Evolution.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hallucination is defined in the diagnostic systems as an experience resembling true perception without causal stimulus. In this second report from an in-depth phenomenological study of schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), we focused on the phenomenological qualities of AVHs. We found that a substantial proportion of patients could not clearly distinguish between thinking and hallucinating. The emotional tone of the voices increased in negativity. AVHs became more complex. Spatial localization was ambiguous and only 10% experienced only external hallucinations. There was an overlap with passivity phenomena in one third of the cases. The patients occasionally acted upon the content of AVHs. In the discussion section, we criticize the perceptual model of AVHs. We conclude that the definition of AVH in schizophrenia is misleading and exerts negative consequences on the clinical work and empirical research.
[Botulism].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In view of large-scale outbreaks of botulism among waterfowl and farm animals in the Netherlands, studies were done designed to estimate the risks incurred by man. The presence of C. botulinum in the environment as well as contamination cycles and the potential for multiplication were studied. Raw materials used in the production of food were frequently found to be contaminated with types of C. botulinum pathogenic for man. The growth of C. botulinum in foods and meat preservatives other than nitrite were examined. To reduce the use of laboratory animals in research on botulism, immunological methods to detect botulinum toxins were developed.
dataset for bioRxiv preprint titled 'Evolution of drug resistance drives progressive destabilizations in functionally conserved molecular dynamics of the flap region of the HIV-1 protease'

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This data supports the Figures in the preprint titled Evolution of drug resistance drives progressive destabilizations in functionally conserved molecular dynamics of the flap region of the HIV-1 protease working abstract The HIV-1 protease is one of several common key targets of combination drug therapies for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). During the progression of the disease, some individual patients acquire -drug resistance due to mutational hotspots on the viral proteins targeted by combination drug therapies. It has recently been discovered that drug-resistant mutations accumulate on the ‘flap region’ of the HIV-1 protease, which is a critical dynamic region involved in non-specific polypeptide binding during invasion and infection of the host cell. In this study, we utilize machine learning assisted comparative molecular dynamics, conducted at single amino acid site resolution, to investigate the dynamic changes that occur during functional dimerization and polypeptide binding of the main protease. We use a multi-agent machine learning model to identify conserved dynamics of the HIV-1 main protease that are preserved across simian and feline protease orthologs (SIV and FIV). We also investigate changes in dynamics due to common drug-resistant mutations in many patients. We find that a key functional site in the flap region, a solvent-exposed isoleucine (ILE50) and surrounding sites that control flap dynamics is often targeted by drug-resistance mutations, likely leading to malfunctional molecular dynamics affecting the overall flexibility of the flap region. We conclude that better long term patient outcomes may be achieved by designing drugs that target protease regions which are less dependent upon single sites with large functional binding effects.
The influence of Using Martha Christina Tiahahu Struggle History Module on History Awareness of Muhammadiyah High School Students Raha

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the effect of using the Martha Christina Tiahahu Struggle History Module on the historical awareness of Muhammadiyah Raha High School students. The subjects in this study were 60 students of class XI SMA Muhammadiyah Raha. This research was an experimental study using the experimental class (history module) and the control class (regular textbook). The objects of this research are students of class XI SMA Muhammadiyah Raha in the academic year 2019/2020. The results showed that the regression coefficient value of the history module (X) was 0.360 with a significance level of 0.001 < 0.005 while the F value was found to be 9.206 with a significance level of 0.001. and the value of R2 (R Square) was found to be 0.627 which means that the independent variable, namely the history module, affects the student's historical awareness variable by 62.7%, while the remaining 30.73% is a unique factor that cannot be investigated in this study. Thus, it can be concluded that the struggle history module of Martha Christina Tiahahu (X) affects the historical awareness of the students of SMA Muhammadiyah Raha.
Design of activity tracker with on-board pattern recognition based on artificial neuron network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As big data becomes more easily available due to the increasing amount of smart electronics and communication devices, the need for big data analysis becomes more prevalent. One such method that can analyse big data is machine learning. Using Machine Learning, the computer will be able to analyse huge amounts of data in a short period of time. One of the ways to apply machine learning is through the use of Artificial Neural Networks(ANN). This report will discuss about two methods which uses ANN to implement machine learning to the system, specially, in the area of pattern recognition. Pattern recognition can help to classify the patterns seen into different classes, with each class having a specific meaning to the user that defines. This will help reduce the big data collected into smaller and more meaningful groupings.
Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nepal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The national treatment guidelines of Nepal have adopted Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria since 2004. Emergence of Artemisinin resistance in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) and beyond may become a threat for Nepal as well. The main objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drug artemether-lumefantrine in uncomplicated P. falciparum infected patients at health centers/hospitals treated over the period of 2 years (2013–2014). Giemsa stained thick and thin smears, prepared from uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients who visited the selected sentinel sites in Nepal during 2013 to 2014 and met the inclusion criteria that included parasitemia (1000–10,000 /μL of blood), were evaluated until 28 days after ACTs treatment, following a World Health Organization (WHO) therapeutic efficacy protocol. Based on the re-occurrence of fever and resurge in parasitemia, the study patients were classified as resistant or susceptible. Blood specimens on filter papers were further analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), specifically for the K13 propeller gene mutation (a recently identified molecular marker for ACT resistance). A total of 56,013 suspected malaria cases were screened for this study. Of which, 120 (0.21%) were infected with falciparum malaria. Out of 120, 28 cases of P. falciparum (28/120; 23.33%) were enrolled in the study, of which 24 cases completed the post-treatment follow up for 28 days. Only one case out of 24 (4%) was identified as a late treatment failure (LTF). K13 mutation, a proxy indicator for ACT resistance in parasites, was not detected on the day 1, which indicates resistance had not yet reached the molecular level. Only one case of late treatment failure was identified in this study. ACT combination using artemether-lumefantrine was still effective for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Nepal. A close monitoring and supervision for ACT resistance is essential for future malaria treatment in Nepal.
Digital Transformation in Higher Education—Buzzword or Opportunity?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We argue that, starting from a sophisticated understanding of "digital," we should develop a corresponding notion of "education" suitable to meet the challenges of the ongoing digital transformation. The central task for higher education institutions is to model the complex networks of digital skills (critical thinking, media literacy, cross-cultural competence, etc.) as a foundation for creating contextualized learning scenarios in the disciplines. The crucial success factor is the reunification of the classroom with the real world.
Population Density and Fertility in 22 Indian Villages

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Do agriculturists in the Third World sometimes adjust to increasing population density by having fewer children? Over-time data (1961–1972) for 22 farm villages in India point to such a possibility. Cross-sectionally, villages with higher density tend to have lower fertility, even with controls for village caste composition, prior fertility, female literacy, and agricultural production. Similarly, the regression coefficient for village density is negative when the cross-sections are “pooled.” Population density apparently has an inhibiting effect on fertility in these villages.
“The Right Tools at the Right Time”: Improving Volunteer Education and Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Success of the 4-H Youth Development (4-H) program relies heavily on the recruitment and retention of volunteers who implement 4-H programs. 4-H volunteers—in turn—rely on program professionals to continually improve the education and support systems they need to succeed. In this study, the researchers used a mixed-methods survey based on the 4-H Volunteer Research and Knowledge Competency (VRKC) taxonomy across the Washington State 4-H program to uncover (a) what education volunteers want for themselves and their county program, (b) what challenges they face in their role, and (c) what they need to succeed. The results of this study indicate that program professionals may improve volunteer education and support systems by focusing on 4 essential volunteer needs: (a) supportive teams, (b) engaged youth and families, (c) facilitation skills in experiential education and positive youth development, and (d) effective program administration, communication, and information systems. While this study focuses on 4-H, the results and implications may be relevant to other youth development programs that are charged with educating and supporting adult volunteers.
Effect of Flat‐square in Cotton on Selected Agronomic Characters1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Data were collected from flat and nonflat‐square cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in replicated experiments to evaluate their relative performances for yield components and fiber characteristics. Results indicate that the flat‐square trait has an adverse effect on seed cotton yield, boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber fineness, and strength. Flat‐square plants produced more flowers than nonflat‐square plants at Tucson, Marana, and Phoenix, Ariz.; but flat‐square plants had a higher rate of shedding of deformed and incomplete flowers as well as reduced boll weight, lint percentage, and lint index. Thus, nonflat‐square plants produced more seed cotton at harvest time, but they had similar crop maturity. Pedigree selection is suggested as one breeding procedure to effectively eliminate or minimize this abnormality.
Wavelet analysis for the elimination of striping noise in satellite images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new destriping technique based on wavelet analysis and its application to satellite imagery is presented. The method was tested on a heavily striped Landsat MSS image using Daubechies wavelets of different orders. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out to evaluate the performance for each wavelet, both by visual inspection and by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the denoised images. The outcome demonstrates the viability of the wavelet transform as a destriping tool by significantly reducing striping noise. Furthermore, the method proved to defeat some of the problems commonly found with traditional destriping techniques, such as the Gibbs phenomenon, border effects, edge blurring, and the preservation of radiometric level. In addition to its relatively easy implementation, the method is inexpensive in computer time and storage space, as well as suitable for application to problems other than the field of remote sensing.
The use of outlier detection methods in the log-normal distribution for the identification of atypical varietal experiments

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study the Akaike information criterion for detecting outliers in a log-normal distribution is used. Theoretical results were applied to the identification of atypical varietal trials. This is an alternative to the tolerance interval method. Detection of outliers with the help of the Akaike information criterion represents an alternative to the method of testing hypotheses. This approach does not depend on the level of significance adopted by the investigator. It also does not lead to the masking effect of outliers.
Medical image of the week: ascending cholangitis from biliary obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 79 year old man with a history of quadriplegia presented to an outside hospital in septic shock. He was found to have an elevated total bilirubin of 10 mg/dL, direct bilirubin of 7 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase of 405 U/L, and lipase of 370 U/L. Imaging showed cholelithiasis with likely intra- and extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation. The patient underwent placement of a biliary drain with clinical improvement. Additional imaging was requested prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), but magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was unavailable due to metallic implants. Interventional radiology performed a cholangiogram using the biliary drain which confirmed biliary obstruction. ERCP was then performed, with significant biliary sludge found and two stents placed.
Effects of a Weight-Loss Program for Obese Children: A “Mix of Attributes” Approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Childhood obesity is an important global public health issue. There is a need for more effective, low cost and child-centered intervention programs for reducing body weight. In response to this need, we developed a mix of attributes approach (including content, interactivity, control, channel, and objectivity) to help obese children (weight-for-length index, WLI ≥ 1.20) reduce their body weight and improve their knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The prevalence of obesity in our sample was 15.9% (140 obese children out of 882 children studying in the fourth grade). An experimental, randomized research design was conducted in this study. Anthropometric measurements (including Body Mass Index [BMI], WLI, body fat percentage, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness) and questionnaires (including the Scale of Obesity and Body Weight Loss Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) were evaluated at baseline (pretest) and after one month of the intervention (posttest) for all obese children. Of 140 obese children, 118 completed this study (66 in the experimental group, 52 in the control group). The mix of attributes approach significantly reduced the degree of obesity revealed in anthropometric measurements. (p < .05) This approach also significantly improved obese children's knowledge (p < .001) and slightly improved their behaviors (p = .057); however, this program did not change the children's attitudes so easily (p = .597). To more effectively lose weight, we suggest an additional attribute, "individuality," as a means of increasing efforts to change attitudes in obese children.