jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis and its association with immunomodulation and disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Stimulating the Immune system of fish by oral administration of immunomodulatory substances can prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture. Yeast p( l ,3/1 ,6)-glucan, the active ingredient of the commercially available feed supplement MacroGard®, has been associated with production of microbicical and cytocidal oxygen radicals and the induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Hence it was hypothesized that the immunosuppressive effects of this substance, which were observed by some authors, could be caused by induction of apoptosis in immune cells due to oxidative stress. Utilizing molecular and immunohistochemical staining techniques it has been shown that although MacroGard® can induce apoptosis il1 vitro it is not associated with this form of cell death il1 vivo. However dietary MacroGard® influences the expression of apoptosisrelated genes in a time and organ dependent manner. \nApoptosis is also associated with disease and can be modulated by both the host as a means of controlling infection, and by pathogens in an attempt to avoid the host immune system. It was thus hypothesized that bacteria (Aeromol1as saimol1icida) and vilUses (koi herpes vilUs (KHV) and spring viremia of earp virus (SVCV)) ean modulate apoptosis in carp and that this can be affected by oral immunostimulation. In this thesis it was established that the bacterial pathogen A. saimol1icida and the SVC vilUS induce apoptosis and that this is associated with changes of apoptosis-related gene expression. KHV in contrast appeared to supress apoptosis during early stages of the infection but induced it during the later stages possibly as a means to dissen'linate the vilUs. MacroGard® enhanced gene expression in response to SVCV infection and exposure to vilUs- and bacteriaassociated molecular patterns (i.e. Poly(I:C) and LPS). In conclusion, MacroGard® can influence apoptosis-related gene expression but does not appear to induce apoptosis on its own.
Skull-Base Surgery—A Narrative Review on Current Approaches and Future Developments in Surgical Navigation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical navigation technology combines patient imaging studies with intraoperative real-time data to improve surgical precision and patient outcomes. The navigation workflow can also include preoperative planning, which can reliably simulate the intended resection and reconstruction. The advantage of this approach in skull-base surgery is that it guides access into a complex three-dimensional area and orients tumors intraoperatively with regard to critical structures, such as the orbit, carotid artery and brain. This enhances a surgeon’s capabilities to preserve normal anatomy while resecting tumors with adequate margins. The aim of this narrative review is to outline the state of the art and the future directions of surgical navigation in the skull base, focusing on the advantages and pitfalls of this technique. We will also present our group experience in this field, within the frame of the current research trends.
Hidden Factors in Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diagnoses of Alzheimer’s, dementia and other mental health conditions using the “family history method” can often be inaccurate, biased and possibly ill-motivated. Definitive clinical testing and/or biological tests rarely exist for most mental illnesses. Even when tests (such as PET scans or excess Abeta42 in cerebral spinal fluid indicating presence of neuronal plaques, for example) and other suggestive biomarkers are "positive", there are often no outward cognitive-behavioural symptoms or symptomatic evidence associated with the alleged mental illness (and vice-versa). Furthermore, environmental stressors, dehydration and other fully curable illness and treatable issues such as urinary tract infections, delirium, drug interactions and insomnia can quickly create outward ‘false’ symptoms of mental illnesses, often mistaken for true mental health diagnoses. Therefore, a comprehensive consideration of ex parte narratives, experience, familiarity and also possible underlying motivations, of even the most well-meaning family members in the “family history method” of mental illness diagnoses, currently used by doctors and other professionals, should be revisited.
[One- or two-stage colon resection? (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colon resection with immediate ileo-colonic or colo-colonic anastomosis without temporary praeternatural anus was carried out in 42 patients with serious complications of malignant and benign diseases of the colon. In 33% a leakage of the anastomosis occurred with a lethality of 16.6%. With regard to this high rate of complications and high lethality the authors hold that the so-called "ideal" colectomy has to be discarded with exception of very seldom cases and the two-stage operation has to be preferred absolutely.
STAR-GARCH Models of Ecological Patents in the USA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Ecological patents have been increasing steadily over time. The paper analyses trends and volatility inecological patents in the USA from 1975 to 1997. Germany contributed more than 10% of the total number of USecological patents, and is by far the strongest foreign performer. The time-varying nature of the volatility of thepatents ratio, namely the ratio of US ecological patents to total US patents, is examined using monthly data fromJanuary 1975 to December 1997. The regime-switching LSTAR-GARCH model is found to be optimal formodelling the ecological patents ratio.
Barriers to Accessing Veterans Health Administration Health Care For Enlisted Women Veterans

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this study, I aim to explore common barriers to receiving health care from the Veterans Health Administration for enlisted women veterans and investigate how enlisted women veterans receive and perceive information about VHA health care. The purpose of this study is to use existing research and qualitative data from in-depth interviews to unravel more of the complex explanations of what has prevented utilization of VHA health care, a free and low-cost benefit available to most veterans who have been discharged from the military under honorable conditions.
Strengthening the Fair Trade Act's Presumption of an Agreement to Facilitate Cartel Regulation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

2007년 이전까지 합의추정제도는 부당한 공동행위를 규제하기 위해 비교적 활발히 활용되었으나, 2007년의 법 개정으로 인해 그 활용은 급격히 감소한다. 본 논문은 합의추정제도의 활용이 감소하게 된 원인을 밝히고 개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 개정 전, 구 합의추정조항은 ‘행위의 외형상 일치’와 ‘경쟁제한성’ 요건만 충족하면 부당한 공동행위의 성립을 추정하였다. 그러나 이러한 운용은 추정대상을 지나치게 확대한다는 비판에 직면하게 되었고, 2007년 개정된 추정조항은 이 비판을 수용하여 ‘해당 거래분야, 상품 용역의 특성, 사업자간 접촉의 횟수 등’의 ‘정황증거’와 ‘상당한 개연성’을 추가로 요구하였다. 개정 이후 합의추정조항의 활용이 급감하게 되는데, 2005년 무렵부터 활성화된 자진신고자 감면제도와 개정으로 인한 합의추정조항의 장점이 감소한 것을 원인으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 개정된 합의추정조항은 공정거래법 제19조 제1항을 통해 사실상 추정을 하는 것과 큰 차이가 없었고, 경쟁당국의 입증책임 완화라는 초기 도입목적도 충족하지 못하였다. 하지만 우리나라의 경우 해외 경쟁법의 흐름과 다르게 부당한 공동행위가 인정되기 위해서는 엄격한 입증을 요구한다는 점과 글로벌 기업들이 경쟁법의 역외적용으로 인해 행위지와 상관없이 복수의 국가로부터 강력한 제재의 위험에 직면해 있다는 점, 특히 많은 한국 기업들이 이러한 제재와 과징금의 대상이 되고 있다는 점, 자진신고자 감면제도에만 의존하기에는 한계가 있다는 점 등을 고려한다면, 합의추정제도의 개선은 필수적이다. 개선방안으로 법률개정과 해석기준완화의 방법을 제시할 수 있다. 법률개정의 측면에서는 공정거래법 제19조 제5항의 ‘상당한 개연성’요건을 삭제 또는 완화하는 방법이 있을 수 있고, 부당한 공동행위의 수단으로 빈번하게 악용되는 ‘정보교환행위’에 대한 규제를 신설하는 방법도 생각해 볼 수 있다. 해석기준 완화의 방법으로는 영미권의 ‘증거의 우월’ 개념을 도입하거나 부당한 공동행위의 유형에 따라 증거가치의 수준을 다르게 판단하는 방법도 검토해 볼 수 있다.
Rootstock effects on alkali stressed melon plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to determine alkalinity tolerance of gourd rootstocks grafted with melon and to examine physiological and morphological response of the grafted plants under different pH levels. The climate chamber experiment was carried out to determine main stem length, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), branching number, shoot and root fresh mass, as well as root length. Under climate chamber conditions, two melon cultivars [Galia type (Citirex F1) and Kirkagac Manisa Altinbas type (PI-169303 open pollinated)] were grafted onto two different commercial Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata hybrid rootstocks (Kardosa and Nun 9075) and grown in 8L pots filled continuously with aerated nutrient solution under two different pH levels (7 and 9) with three replications. The results indicated that grafted and ungrafted plants were significantly (P<0.001) affected by pH levels regarding leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), branching number, shoot and root fresh mass, as well as root length, whereas there were no significant differences observed regarding main stem length. Grafted plants had better growth performance than ungrafted plants under both control and high pH conditions. Shoot fresh mass of the ungrafted and grafted plants significantly decreased as pH level increased, whereas root fresh mass of the ungrafted and grafted plants significantly increased under high pH level. Branching number was significantly (P<0.001) affected by grafting combinations and pH levels. Leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the ungrafted and grafted plants significantly decreased as pH level increased, whereas branching number of the grafted plants significantly increased under high pH level. These results suggested that use of interspecific Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks could improve crop performance in melon plants under alkaline conditions.
Children Mobile eBook Creator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile phone contains many features and tools such as mobile camera for taking pictures and a microphone to record sounds. These tools can be innovatively utilized to enhance children creativity by building stories from their collections of pictures and audio. Furthermore, children should be able to store, manage, retrieve and index their \nmobile contents collections. These properties should exist in mobile system package that can also be a source of education. The aim of this study is to develop a mobile eBook application called Mobile eBook Creator. This application should help children create their own electronic story books (eStoryBooks), that can also search, retrieve, merge and index pictures, audio, video and text in mobile platform. In addition, the study also records data on how ten children ages between 7 and 11 used the functionality provided in the application. The recorded data were learning time to use the application (LT), number of question asked (No Q) and number of help required when \ncompleting tasks (No H). Furthermore, the number of tasks completed (No TC) was also noted. Generally it can be concluded that the mobile creator can be utilized without much problem by children of aged 8 years and above.
Reflections on being female in school science: Toward a praxis of teaching science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay interrogates the phenomenon and the implications of being female in school science through girls' and young women's stories interwoven with my own narrative as a woman teacher/researcher in science education. The intent is to raise awareness of issues related to being female in conventional science teaching, and to suggest some alternative perspectives and approaches for action and reflection. I discuss several directions within my teaching which announce my own interpretation of bell hook's "engaged pedagogy," which emphasizes a commitment to self-actualization and well-being for both teacher and student. My choice to integrate disparate writing styles (conversational and scholarly) was a deliberate effort to resonate issues between practice and theory and interrupt this separation. J Res Sci Teach 35: 463–471, 1998.
Studies on transport properties of polyaniline transition metal salt composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyaniline-containing transition metal salts were synthesized by oxidizing the complex of aniline with corresponding metal salts in solution. The effect of transition metal salts on the electrical conductivity of polyaniline (Pani) was discussed in details. The as-prepared products were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The transition metal has been successfully incorporated into the polymer, which affects transport properties of the composites; the fact is supported by the ample of experimental results and characterization evidences.
Microtextured Materials for Circulatory Support Devices: Preliminary Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thromboembolic events (TE) associated with circulatory support devices are a major source of mortality and morbidity. Clinically, the lowest TE rates are claimed with devices that incorporate textured blood-contacting materials. The textured materials currently used in circulatory assist devices are composed of small, attached fibers that form the boundaries of connected cavities. These cavities entrap blood components to form a "neointimal" layer, which is believed to minimize thromboembolic events. We believe that the threedimensional surface topography of blood-contacting materials is a major controlling factor in the formation of a stable neointimal layer upon the material. Particle-cast cavities were used to form geometric features in segmented polyurethane. This microtextured material was incorporated as part of a flexible blood-contacting surface in a blood pump that was implanted as a left ventricular assist device in calves. The structure, thickness, stability, and development of the neointimal layer were then evaluated. These preliminary studies have shown that a stable neointimal layer can be formed upon the particle-cast surfaces. The results also indicate that the cavity size on the particle-cast surfaces has a significant effect on neointimal adhesion. The methods employed can be used in the design of future circulatory support devices. ASAIO Journal 2006; 52:17–23.
Differences in the Performance of Safety Performance Functions Estimated for Total Crash Count and for Crash Count by Crash Type

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years the development and use of crash prediction models for roadway safety analyses have received substantial attention. These models, also known as safety performance functions (SPFs), relate the expected crash frequency of roadway elements (intersections, road segments, on-ramps) to traffic volumes and other geometric and operational characteristics. A commonly practiced approach for applying intersection SPFs is to assume that crash types occur in fixed proportions (e.g., rear-end crashes make up 20% of crashes, angle crashes 35%, and so forth) and then apply these fixed proportions to crash totals to estimate crash frequencies by type. As demonstrated in this paper, such a practice makes questionable assumptions and results in considerable error in estimating crash proportions. Through the use of rudimentary SPFs based solely on the annual average daily traffic (AADT) of major and minor roads, the homogeneity-in-proportions assumption is shown not to hold across AADT, because crash proportions vary as a function of both major and minor road AADT. For example, with minor road AADT of 400 vehicles per day, the proportion of intersecting-direction crashes decreases from about 50% with 2,000 major road AADT to about 15% with 82,000 AADT. Same-direction crashes increase from about 15% to 55% for the same comparison. The homogeneity-in-proportions assumption should be abandoned, and crash type models should be used to predict crash frequency by crash type. SPFs that use additional geometric variables would only exacerbate the problem quantified here. Comparison of models for different crash types using additional geometric variables remains the subject of future research.
Triazine bis(pyridinium) hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid immobillized on functionalized halloysite nanotubes as an efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel method for synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidines, using [(PATDBP)(HSO4)2@HNT] as a green and reusable catalyst is reported.
SH1605910.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Additional file 1: of Complex intrachromosomal rearrangement in 1q leading to 1q32.2 microdeletion: a potential role of SRGAP2 in the gyrification of cerebral cortex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

List of all BACs used in FISH analysis with genomic coordinates (hg38). (DOCX 13Â kb)
STEERING A FLEXIBLE RAILWAY TRUCK ON CURVED TRACK

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper gives a linear analysis for the steady motion of a flexible two-axle railway truck on curved track. Most existing truck designs are too rigid to be self-steering, but provided that the primary suspension is sufficiently flexible, it is shown that a truck can negotiate main line curves without slipping or flange contact. Results are obtained for the maximum rolling displacement of the wheelsets (the tracking error), Fig. 8, and the minimum radius of curvature for no slipping, Fig. 10, expressed as a function of the suspension stiffness. It is shown that lateral loads due to superelevation deficiency have only a small effect on the motion of the truck, which is mainly determined by creep forces arising from the geometric inability of the four wheels to roll freely on curved track.
Raja Bersiong or the Fanged King

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Raja Bersiong, the Fanged King, is a cannibal monarch in the Kedah epic literature Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (HMM). By looking closely into the character of Raja Bersiong, this article examines the underlying ambition of the Kedah Sultanate in commissioning the HMM as a rhetorical statement of power, presumably around the early 19th century. By the late 18th century, Siamese predation had greatly destabilised Kedah. Lacking military capacity to deny Siamese suzerainty, Kedah plunged into double-dealing: through writing, the HMM downplays Siamese power by masking Kedah’s subordinate status to Siam as a relation of kin, and by considering Siam as an offshoot of Kedah’s royal legacy. Adopting an approach informed by Hendrik Maier, this article interprets the HMM as an ambiguous text that alludes to the diplomatic desperation of a small state. Such critical lens enables a more complex understanding of court writing as a historical source. In the face of geopolitical insecurity, Raja Bersiong figures as the abject, the symbolic surrogate for Siam to be expelled from Kedah, embodying a dialectics between Kedah and Siam, self and other, civility and savagery.
Evaluation of Prevailing Agroforestry Systems and their Components in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agroforestry is a land use system where perennial tree species are strategically utilized in the same land management unit as animals, crops, or both, either in a temporal or spatial arrangement. Adopting various agroforestry system approaches is essential to maintaining the livelihood of farmers with limited resources, especially in rainfed areas. The aim of the study was to analyze the existing agroforestry system and its components within traditional agroforestry in the Poonch area of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Agri-silviculture, agri-horti-silviculture, silvi-pastoral and agri-silvi-pastoral were the four distinct kinds of agroforestry systems found to be prevalent in the area. It was found that the majority of the agroforestry systems in this area are made up of horticultural and multipurpose tree species in addition to crop species. In order to fully realize the potential of agroforestry as a sustainable economic and ecological solution in the area, the study calls for continued attention and support from policymakers, scientists, social workers, and extension professionals. Overall, the study highlights the need for increased promotion and development of agroforestry to improve the livelihoods of rural communities.
Design of a network for monitoring ground-water quality in Minnesota

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A network for monitoring the quality of water in the 13 principal aquifers in Minnesota has been designed and more than 400 wells and springs selected for sampling. The network organization includes four major elements; (1) point sampling, (2) point monitoring, (3) regional monitoring, and (4) site-specific monitoring. These elements constitute monitoring strategies designed to define baseline conditions and monitor major time-and-space trends of more than 60 water-quality parameters.
Prognostic factors in patients with occult ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To study the prognostic factors in patients with occult ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy.

Methods
The clinical data of 31 patients with occult ruptured HCC who underwent hepatectomy at the Heze Multiple Hospital from January 2001 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 27 males and 4 females, with ages ranging from 29 to 73 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was carried out for survival analysis, and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
Of 31 patients in this study, 27(87.1%) had died, and 25(80.6%) had developed tumor recurrence and metastasis. The median overall survival was 8 months and the median tumor-free survival was 4 months. On Cox regression analysis, non-R0 resection was an independent risk factor of overall survival (RR=2.816, 95%CI: 1.006-7.887) and disease-free survival (RR=3.295, 95%CI: 1.215-8.940). Poor tumor differentiation was an independent risk factor of overall survival (RR=3.120, 95%CI: 1.193-8.160).

Conclusions
The prognosis of patients with occult rupture HCC who underwent no R0 resection was poor. However, the prognosis of patients who underwent non-R0 resection was even poorer.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Hepatectomy; Rupture; Prognosis; Influencing factor