jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outer membrane vesicles as versatile tools for therapeutic approaches

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Budding of the bacterial surface results in the formation and secretion of outer membrane vesicles, which is a conserved phenomenon observed in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies highlight that these sphere-shaped facsimiles of the donor bacterium's surface with enclosed periplasmic content may serve multiple purposes for their host bacterium. These include inter- and intraspecies cell–cell communication, effector delivery to target cells and bacterial adaptation strategies. This review provides a concise overview of potential medical applications to exploit outer membrane vesicles for therapeutic approaches. Due to the fact that outer membrane vesicles resemble the surface of their donor cells, they represent interesting nonliving candidates for vaccine development. Furthermore, bacterial donor species can be genetically engineered to display various proteins and glycans of interest on the outer membrane vesicle surface or in their lumen. Outer membrane vesicles also possess valuable bioreactor features as they have the natural capacity to protect, stabilize and enhance the activity of luminal enzymes. Along these features, outer membrane vesicles not only might be suitable for biotechnological applications but may also enable cell-specific delivery of designed therapeutics as they are efficiently internalized by nonprofessional phagocytes. Finally, outer membrane vesicles are potent modulators of our immune system with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. A deeper understanding of immunoregulatory effects provoked by different outer membrane vesicles is the basis for their possible future applications ranging from inflammation and immune response modulation to anticancer therapy.
Using pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system data to investigate prescription drug use during pregnancy in Hawaiʻi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both legal and illicit use of prescription drugs during pregnancy is thought to be increasingly common in the state of Hawaiʻi, based on trends demonstrated elsewhere in the country and throughout the world. Prescription opioids, along with antianxiety and antidepressant medications are of special concern, both for their prevalence and for the potential risks associated with using these drugs during pregnancy. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate prescription drug use during pregnancy in Hawaiʻi, with a focus on opioids and antianxiety and antidepressant medications. The first of three studies sought to determine the prevalence of prescription opioid drug use during pregnancy in Hawaiʻi, describe differences in prescription opioid drug use during pregnancy in Hawaiʻi by maternal demographic characteristics, and investigate possible predictors of prescription opioid drug use during pregnancy through the use of multivariable logistic regression. The second study aimed to determine whether prescription opioid use during pregnancy was associated with poorer birth outcomes among users when compared to non-users in Hawaiʻi; specifically focusing on associations between prescription opioid use during pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age, preterm, or low birth weight deliveries among women giving birth to live, singleton infants in Hawaiʻi. Study three attempted to describe the under-studied topics of anxiety and depression before, during, and after pregnancy, along with related help-seeking behaviors and treatment strategies, for which there is a scarcity of information in Hawaiʻi. Findings from the three studies covered in this dissertation confirm that use of prescription opioids and antianxiety and antidepressant medications is relatively common during pregnancy in Hawaiʻi. They also provide more detailed information on usage patterns, differences by demographic characteristics, and associated risk factors and birth and maternal health outcomes. All three also provide suggestions for future research avenues in order to more fully understand the complete landscape of prescription drug use during pregnancy in Hawaiʻi.
LibGuides: Young Adult Literature Genre: Fantasy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A detailed guide to the genres that are aimed towards the Young Adult audience as well as the sub-group, New Adults, ages 12-18 and 18-26. This guide will benefit both the reader and/or parents and educators to identify common Young Adult literature gen Fantasy books contain imaginary lands and lots of world-building. Fantastical characters and creatures, usually involving some sort of war or battle situations. Can also include a royal or complex political system.
Multiple indicators of gut dysbiosis predict all-cause and cause-specific mortality in solid organ transplant recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Gut microbiome composition is associated with multiple diseases, but relatively little is known about its relationship with long-term outcome measures. While gut dysbiosis has been linked to mortality risk in the general population, the relationship with overall survival in specific diseases has not been extensively studied. In the current study, we present results from an in-depth analysis of the relationship between gut dysbiosis and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the setting of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). Design We analysed 1337 metagenomes derived from faecal samples of 766 kidney, 334 liver, 170 lung and 67 heart transplant recipients part of the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort—a prospective cohort study including extensive phenotype data with 6.5 years of follow-up. To analyze gut dysbiosis, we included an additional 8208 metagenomes from the general population of the same geographical area (northern Netherlands). Multivariable Cox regression and a machine learning algorithm were used to analyse the association between multiple indicators of gut dysbiosis, including individual species abundances, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results We identified two patterns representing overall microbiome community variation that were associated with both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The gut microbiome distance between each transplantation recipient to the average of the general population was associated with all-cause mortality and death from infection, malignancy and cardiovascular disease. A multivariable Cox regression on individual species abundances identified 23 bacterial species that were associated with all-cause mortality, and by applying a machine learning algorithm, we identified a balance (a type of log-ratio) consisting of 19 out of the 23 species that were associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion Gut dysbiosis is consistently associated with mortality in SOTR. Our results support the observations that gut dysbiosis is associated with long-term survival. Since our data do not allow us to infer causality, more preclinical research is needed to understand mechanisms before we can determine whether gut microbiome-directed therapies may be designed to improve long-term outcomes.
The Effective Business Practices of Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A steady drug supply from Mexico is prevalent within the U.S. today, and even when large drug seizures remove drugs from the supply chain, little significance of that reduced supply is seen on the street. Instead, based on little to no change in the drug supply, drug traffickers quickly adapt and overcome the barriers in place so they can ensure their clients continue to receive their supplies while profits are returned to Mexico. However, sustained success from illicit activities is challenging, but the Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) continue to adapt and innovate in an effort to stay ahead of federal authorities. But what kind of strategies do they use that afford them such resilience when faced with policies and law enforcement designed to make them extinct? This thesis, through an analysis of the core activities of drug trafficking and money laundering, will attempt to answer the question: what are the effective business practices used by the Mexican drug cartels?
PC based oscilloscope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis presents the development work of a portable personnel computer based digital oscilloscope using a Motorola DSP56001 digital signal processor for data acquisition and digital signal filtering. A notebook computer has been chosen as the platform because of its portability and the DSP56001 is designed to reside externally. The DSP board features a maximum sampling rate of 16kHz. The sampled signal will be filtered according to the selected frequency range. The graphics interface software on the PC provides the graphics and control functions simulating an oscilloscope. The interfacing between the DSP56001 and the PC is via the asynchronous serial link. The data received will be scaled and converted to graphical display waveform, which can be manipulated and altered. The graphic display program is not only limited to displaying waveform received from the digital signal processor board, but is also capable of converting correctly formatted data files to graphic display. All the necessary interfacing hardware, which includes the analog interface card and the serial interface card has been developed during the course of this project.
Zakat of Exchange Traded Funds زكاة صناديق المؤشرات

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper explores the economic structures of the Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) that have been launched recently in the Saudi Capital Market, in order to examine the type of zakat payable by the trader of ETF unit. The paper concluded that ETFs are a special type of investment funds characterized by passive management, which evidently impact the fiqh ruling regarding their Zakat. The passive management excludes both the intent for trading and the trading itself by the fund manager. As such, zakat ruling will depend on the intent and action of the trader of ETF units and on whether the zakat of fund assets already paid or not. If (1) the trader intends to purchase ETF units for investment, (2) he do not trade them contrary to this intention and (3) the zakat of fund assets is already paid, then the ETF trader do not need to pay zakat on all ETF unites owned by him. Otherwise, if the zakat of fund assets is not already paid, the ETF trader need to pay the zakat and the amount of zakat will depend in this case on the type of fund assets. The paper shows that this fiqh ruling encourages the financial investment in ETFs compared to the prevailing fiqh opinion that dose not differentiate between ETFs and other mutual fund in term of zakat. استعرض البحث صناديق المؤشرات المتداولة (Exchange Traded Funds-ETF) التي تم إدراجها مؤخرًا في السوق المالية السعودية، من حيث خصائصها الاقتصادية مقارنة بصناديق الاستثمار المشتركة (Mutual Funds)، ثم ركز على بيان حكم زكاتها في ضوء هذه الخصائص. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن صناديق المؤشرات المتداولة نوع خاص من صناديق الاستثمار تتميز بإدارة خاملة، بصفة أن مديرها ملتزم بمتابعة مؤشر معين، وأن هذه الخاصية لها أثر في الحكم بنوع الزكاة الواجبة في وحداتها المتداولة ومقدارها. حيث إن هذه الخاصية تستبعد ابتداء نية وعمل التجارة من قبل مدير الصندوق، ما يجعل الحكم بزكاتها يعتمد على نية وعمل متداول وحداتها، وعلى ما إذا كانت أصولها مزكاة من عدمه. فإذا كان المتداول (1) ينوي بشراء وحدات صندوق المؤشر الاستثمار، (2) ولم يخالف هذه النية بالمتاجرة فيها، (3) وكانت أصول الصندوق مزكاة، فلا يجب على المتداول في هذه الحالة إخراج الزكاة عن ما يملكه من وحدات الصندوق. أما إن كانت أصول الصندوق غير مزكاة فيزكيها حسب طبيعة نشاط الصندوق. وقد بين البحث أن هذا الحكم يؤثر في قرارات الاستثمار المالي لأنه يشجع الاستثمار في وحدات صناديق المؤشرات مقارنة بالرأي الفقهي السائد الذي يوجب فيها زكاة عروض التجارة كبقية صناديق الاستثمار، خاصة وأن هذه الصناديق تتفوق على نظيرتها من الصناديق التقليدية بعدة مزايا من أبرزها السيولة والشفافية وانخفاض رسوم الإدارة.
Diffusion coefficients of CO2 molecule and bicarbonate ion in hemoglobin solution measured by fluorescence technique.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The diffusion process of CO2 within a thin layer of hemoglobin (Hb) solution was followed by pH-sensitive fluorescence of 4-methylum- belliferone. In the presence of sufficient carbonic anhydrase in the layer, the pH change was accelerated and determined only by the diffusion. The diffusion rate was reduced as the Hb concentration was increased. The pH rise observed in the CO2 diffusion out of the layer was slower than the pH fall caused by inward diffusion. However, the outward diffusion rate was faster than the inward diffusion rate in contrast to the pH change. The diffusion coefficients of molecular CO2 and bicarbonate ion were separately determined from the simulated and experimental PCO2-time curves by utilizing the non-linearity of the CO2 dissociation curve. The simulated curve was obtained from a numerical solution of the differential equation for diffusion by using the measured CO2 dissociation curve. The diffusion coefficient of CO2 was assumed to decrease exponentially with increasing Hb concentration. The diffusion coefficient of HCO3- was found to be reduced hyperbolically as the Hb concentration was increased. The diffusion coefficients of CO2 and HCO3- of 100% hemolysate were 0.34×10-5 and 0.14×10-5cm2/sec, respectively.
Ellis Rivkin and the Problems of Pharisaic History: A Study in Historiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ellis Rivkin and the Problems of Pharisaic History: A Study in Historiography Get access DAVID ELLENSON DAVID ELLENSON DAVID ELLENSON is currently a teaching assistant and Ph.D. student in the Department of Religion at Columbia University. He expresses appreciation to Professors Joseph Blau, James A. Martin, Gillian Lindt, and David Sperling for reading earlier drafts of this paper and for helping to develop and improve the thoughts expressed here Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XLIII, Issue 4, December 1975, Pages 787–802, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XLIII.4.787 Published: 01 December 1975
ProjectilezDependence ofKX-Ray Emission Induced by Alpha Particles and Deutrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of the yields of $K$ x rays from Cl, Ca, Ti, Ni, and Cu targets and $L$ x rays from Sn and Au targets produced by bombardment with $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles and deuterons of identical velocities have been performed at energies from 2.9 to 20 MeV/amu. The ratios of $K$ x-ray yields for the Cl, Ca, Ti, Ni, and Cu targets all show substantial deviations from the ratios expected on the basis of the theoretically predicted ${z}^{2}$ dependence of the Born-approximation and binary-encounter descriptions. The deviations exhibit a "crossover" behavior in which the measured ratios are smaller than expected at low projectile velocities, rise above the expected value at higher velocities, and finally decrease toward the expected value at the highest velocities. The relationship between these deviations and similar deviations in stopping-power measurements has been investigated. Angular distributions of Ti $K$ x rays and Sn $K$ and $L$ x rays were also measured and found to be isotropic to an accuracy of about 2%.
Facilitators and barriers in the implementation of a fall prevention program based on physical activity for elderly people living in the community: A qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Physical activity is recognized as beneficial for older individuals in preventing falls. Achieving high adherence to exercise programs among the elderly poses challenges for administrations and healthcare systems. This study explored the facilitators and barriers perceived by both the participants and nurse trainers involved in an exercise program aimed at preventing falls in primary healthcare. Methods Sixteen semi‐structured interviews with elderly people who had participated in the Otago Exercise Program and a focus group of nurse trainers of this program were conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 in primary health care centers in Lleida, Spain. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis with Atlas.ti 8 software. Results Analysis revealed five overarching categories and 17 subcategories. Key facilitators included personal motivation, the perceived benefits of exercise, and the supportive role of nurse trainers. Primary barriers encompassed factors such as the excessive duration of the program, not considering personal preferences for individual or group participation, and differences in physical condition among group participants. Conclusions To increase participation and adherence to exercise programs, it is necessary to consider the important role of the nursing professionals that recommend program enrolment and the participants’ personal motivations. The program with group sessions is a model that is easy to integrate into Primary Healthcare centers, which must always take into account the preferences and physical conditions of the participants.
Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Hemibrevetoxin B

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The stereocontrolled total synthesis of hemibrevetoxin B (1) has been achieved in 56 steps and 0.75% overall yield from d-mannose. The intramolecular reaction of γ-alkoxyallylstannane with aldehyde is a key step for the present total synthesis. Thus, the BF3·OEt2-mediated reaction of 24 gave 6 as a sole product. We encountered difficulty in the synthesis of γ-alkoxyallylstannane 30 from the corresponding allyl ether 29 in which the γ-alkoxy substituent became sterically quite bulky. This problem was solved by developing the acetal cleavage method for the synthesis of γ-alkoxyallylstannanes. The cyclization of 38 proceeded smoothly to give the key intermediate 5 in a highly stereoselective manner. Construction of the α-vinyl aldehyde and (Z)-diene moieties were performed using Nicolaou's protocol.
Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activities of Herbimycin A and Dihydroherbimycin A Produced by a Soil Isolate Streptomyces sp. AO-0511

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A streptomycete strain was isolated from the soil samples from Korea. The chemotaxonomy and 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed that the strain belonged to the genus Streptomyces and we named it Streptomyces sp. AO-0511. Two antibiotics, herbimycin A and dihydroherbimycin A produced by this strain were tested for their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Both compounds were stable under acidic pH. Dihydroherbimycin A was more heat-stable and polar compared with herbimycin A. Only weak antibacterial activities were detected against Bacillus subtilus ATCC 6633 and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. However, herbimycin A and dihydroherbimycin A showed strong inhibitory activities on lung cancer cells (A549 cells) and leukemia cells (HL-60). The cytotoxicity was determined using L5178Y and P388 cell lines. The results showed that herbimycin A and dihydroherbimycin A had lower toxic effects on the cells compared with the standard compounds, comptothecin and cyclosporin A. Therefore, both compounds could be good candidates for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Evaluating the Ally Role: Contributions, Limitations, and the Activist Position in Counseling and Psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Community action is a core mission of activism in counseling and psychology, and the ally role is often viewed as integral to this work. This article provides a review of the benefits as well as the limitations of the ally role in social action in counseling and psychology. Lastly, the authors advocate for a values-based activism role as an alternative to the ally position in order to enhance effectiveness in achieving social change in counseling and psychology.
Contemporary trends in Islamic finance: A bibliometric analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Islamic finance, guided by Islamic principles, has become a prominent and unique player in the global financial landscape. This study analyzes a decade of research (2012-2022) through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using Scopus data. We explore the historical foundations, core principles, legal frameworks, and governance structures of Islamic finance. We also delve into the diverse financial instruments used to promote financial inclusion. Employing statistical methods and network analysis with VOSviewer software, this research provides a holistic view of trends in Islamic finance research. Our analysis examines document sources, publication years, subject areas, document types, author and affiliation countries, and funding sponsors. We further explore co-authorship and co-occurrence networks to understand research collaborations, emerging themes, and key contributors. English stands as the primary language of research publications. Notably, Malaysia, the USA, and the UK lead in research output. The results highlight the growing international significance of Islamic finance research within academia. They also reveal its inherent cross-disciplinary nature and potential to address socio-economic challenges. The research volume demonstrates a rising trend, peaking in 2021 with 350 publications. While 2022 saw a slight decrease with 315 publications, the overall volume remains significantly higher compared to earlier years. This study offers a comprehensive overview for both practitioners and scholars. By identifying research themes, geographic patterns, and collaborative networks, it lays the groundwork for future studies on the evolving trends and global impact of Islamic finance.
Corrigendum to “Do Equine-assisted Physical Activities Help to Develop Gross Motor Skills in Children with the Down Syndrome? Short-term Results”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A misspelling of the first author's surname was inadvertently introduced in the process of making minor editorial adjustments to the final version of the article. His correct name should read 'Sergiy Voznesenskyy' (orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-8625). The correct citation should therefore be: Voznesenskyy, S., Rivera-Quinatoa, J. A., Bonilla-Yacelga, K. A., & Cedeño-Zamora, M. N. (2016). Do equine-assisted physical activities help to develop gross motor skills in children with the Down syndrome? Short-term results. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 233, 307-312. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.140
Isolated Closed Medial Subtalar Dislocation Without Ankle Fracture: A Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subtalar dislocation is an unusual clinical case with very little mention in literature constituting nearly 1% of all traumatic dislocations. Here a 40 year old male who sustained fall over inverted foot was diagnosed as closed isolated medial subtalar dislocation with no associated fractures. This is an even more rare entity. Immediate closed reduction was done and immobilised for 4 weeks with below knee cast. This case report describes the mechanism of injury, ligaments involved, manoeuvre of closed reduction. This case report highlights the importance of prompt and urgent reduction and short period of immobilisation to avoid complications and better prognosis. Keywords: Subtalar dislocation, Basketball foot, Isolated, Medial, Arthritis.