jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Structural Characteristics of the Japanese Version of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit for Carers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Due to the absence of standardized Quality of Life (QoL) measures for informal family caregivers of recipients of long-term care (LTC) in Japan, translation and cross-cultural adapted LTC outcome measures are needed for research and evaluation. In this study, we assessed the validity and reliability of the factor structure and response system of the translated and cross-culturally adapted Japanese version of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit for Carer (J-ASCOT-Carer). Participants were 872 informal family caregivers of adults who lived at home and required LTC services. Almost half (46%) of the participants were between 50 and 59 years old, 85% were employed, and 69% resided with their care recipients. We used the combined factor analysis and item response theory approach. Model fit indices included factor loading, path coefficients, root mean square error of approximation, standardized root mean square residual, and comparative fit index. This study confirmed the one factor structure that was identified in the original English version of the ASCOT-Carer. The values for the model fit indices indicated a good fit. Moreover, the validity and reliability of the response system were confirmed. Therefore, the J-ASCOT-Carer is a reliable assessment instrument to measure QoL of Japanese caregivers of adults requiring LTC.
Morphometric Study of Fetal Brain Transplants in the Insular Cortex and NGF Effects on Neuronal and Glial Development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Homotopic grafts supplemented with nerve growth factor (NGF) speed the recovery from learning deficits observed following electrolytic lesions of the insular cortex in rats. NGF also reduces the time in which the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is first detected inside the graft by histochemical techniques. It is not known whether this behavioral and biochemical recovery correlates with an advanced maturation of the cellular elements within the graft, presumably induced by NGF. To investigate the degree of maturation of neurons, glial cells and blood vessels in NGF-supplemented grafts, adult rats were lesioned electrolytically in the insular cortex, and homotopic embryonic grafts (E16) with or without NGF supplementation were transplanted into the lesion. Fifteen days post grafting, the rats were perfused and the brains stained using silver impregnation techniques. Our results showed that neuronal maturation, as evaluated through several morphometric parameters, was advanced in NGF-supplemented grafts when compared with other experimental groups. Furthermore, grafts supplemented with NGF also showed significant increases in the number of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and blood vessels. These observations indicated that the addition of NGF to insular cortex grafts promoted the maturation of neuronal and glial elements within the graft. They also support the possibility that the advanced morphological maturation of insular cortex grafts supplemented with NGF underlies the accelerated functional and biochemical recovery of animals with lesions of the insular cortex.
Protection of Indigenous Peoples (Local Beliefs) in the Context of Human Rights in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The removal of the religious column from the national identity card has sparked considerable debate, with proponents and opponents expressing divergent viewpoints. On one hand, the move is seen as a step towards inclusivity, as many belief systems find it challenging to fit within the confines of the religious classification. Conversely, critics argue that replacing religion with belief may still introduce bias and fail to fully protect diverse belief systems. This study aims to analyze the implications of removing the religion identity from the national identity card, employing a literature review and comparative analysis of relevant laws and regulations pertaining to freedom of religion and belief in both national and international legal frameworks. Initial motivations for eliminating the religion column were rooted in the desire to accommodate adherents of various belief systems, eventually evolving into broader discussions about removing the column altogether for all religious communities in Indonesia. Following Constitutional Court Decision No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016, individuals professing a belief system were granted the option to specify their beliefs on their identity cards. This decision marked a significant milestone, reflecting the government's commitment to ensuring equal rights for all Indonesian citizens, irrespective of their religious or belief affiliations. Moreover, legal guarantees for freedom of religion and belief are enshrined in Article 28 E and 29(2) of the 1945 Constitution, as well as in national legislation such as the Law on Human Rights and international agreements like the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Dynamic correction of soft measurement model for evaporation process parameters based on ARMA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<abstract><p>To address the significant soft measurement errors in traditional static models for evaporation process parameters, which are characterized by continuity and cumulativity, this paper proposes a dynamic correction method for soft measurement models of evaporation process parameters based on the autoregressive moving-average model (ARMA). Initially, the Powell's directional evolution (Powell-DE) algorithm is utilized to identify the autoregressive order and moving average order of the ARMA model. Subsequently, the prediction error of a mechanism-reduced robust least squares support vector machine ensemble model is utilized as input. An error time series prediction model, which compensates for the errors in the autoregressive moving average model, is then applied for dynamic estimation of the prediction error. Finally, an integration strategy using the entropy method is employed to combine the static soft measurement model, based on the mechanism-reduced robust least squares support vector machine, with the dynamic correction soft measurement model, which is based on the error time series compensation of the ARMA model. The new model is analyzed and validated using production data from an alumina plant's evaporation process. Compared to traditional models, the new model demonstrates significantly improved prediction accuracy and is capable of dynamic prediction of evaporation process parameters.</p></abstract>
Influence of geometric and thermophysical properties of reaction layer on sulphur dioxide oxidation in transient conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide oxidation process in a fixed bed catalytic reactor is simulated in the case of cyclic change in the direction of the reaction mixture feed. It is shown that, for transient condition, the amount of catalyst in the reactor may be substantially reduced by its partial substitution with inert material of suitable form, dimensions and thermophysical properties, at the end of the layer. This makes the direct regenerative heat transfer process in these zones controllable, producing the same conversion and overall height of the layer. The results are significant for sulphuric acid production from gases poor in sulphur dioxide.
Diagnosis in Jaundice: A Contemporary Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In jaundiced patients, the most important diagnostic problem is to achieve a correct differentiation between nonobstructive and obstructive causes of jaundice. Several new diagnostic tests are available to the clinician. Noninvasive tests include: US, CT and CS, invasive tests are: PTC and ERC. The latter also have therapeutic potentials to be considered. For a proper selection of diagnostic tests in a particular case, clinical evaluation as to the most probable cause of jaundice is mandatory, because the new tests all have their limited field of application. The accuracies of clinical evaluation, noninvasive and invasive tests are therefore reviewed and a flow chart for the differential diagnosis in jaundice is suggested. The clinical evaluation, which may be assisted by a diagnostic chart presented, should sort out patients with probable obstructive or nonobstructive jaundice in whom direct cholangiography or liver biopsy, respectively, is the most appropriate diagnostic test. In the remaining group of patients with clinically doubtful causes of jaundice, or if liver metastases are the most likely diagnosis, US seems to be the test best suited for further differentiation before direct cholangiography or liver biopsy are used as confirmatory tests.
Capturing perceptions of psychological contract fulfilment and breach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of different ways of measuring psychological contract breach and fulfilment, distinguishing between: 1) composite and global measures of breach and fulfilment; and 2) a differential or between-person and a dynamic or within-person approach to breach and fulfilment. Drawing on the idea of methodological fit—which holds that theory, measurements and their analysis methods should all be aligned—the authors discuss not only measures of psychological contract breach and fulfilment but also associated analytical methods. By discussing the strengths and limitations of each method, they hope that this chapter offers a useful guide for researchers in their search for an appropriate methodology to assess psychological contract breach and fulfilment.
Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi May Improve Soil Fertility and the Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Physiological Performance of Batavia Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A greenhouse experiment was realized to investigate the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil quality and the growth, nutrient uptake, and physiological performance of Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia). For this purpose, six fertilization treatments were applied: (i) inorganic fertilization (I.F.—control, i.e., usual/conventional fertilization), (ii) I.F. + PGPR, (iii) I.F. + PGPR + AMF, (iv) manure (MAN), (v) MAN + PGPR, and (vi) MAN + PGPR + AMF. Soil fertility was influenced by the treatments, and soil respiration (CO2 flux) was significantly increased after applications of PGPR and AMF. Following MAN fertilization in particular, an approximately sixfold higher soil respiration value was recorded following the MAN + PGPR + AMF treatment compared to the control (I.F.). Root, leaf, and total biomass dry weights were significantly affected by the PGPR and AMF applications, mainly following the I.F. treatment. In contrast, K, Mg, and Fe uptake was significantly influenced by PGPR and AMF application following the MAN treatment. The SPAD value, performance index (PI), photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly higher in the I.F. + PGPR + AMF-treated plants compared to the control plants. Overall, these data prove the beneficial roles of PGPR and AMF in soil quality and fertility and the nutrient uptake and physiological performance of lettuce plants. However, further clarification is needed in the near future to test the interaction effects between PGPR, AMF, and the type of fertilizer used (organic or inorganic).
Analysis of Aero-Optical Jitter in Boundary Layers Using the Stitching Method

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the typical analysis of aero-optical wavefront data, the three lowest order spatial modes are removed from the experimental data. These three spatial modes (tip, tilt, and piston) are commonly corrupted by mechanical disturbances. In this work an algorithm was developed that takes advantage of the advective nature of aberrations to compensate for the tip, tilt, and piston removal common in experiment. The algorithm is able to recover the aero-optical component of the jitter and provide time series of global tilt free of mechanical disturbances. This algorithm is called the stitching method. Experiments were conducted in Notre Dame's Tri-sonic Wind Tunnel (TWT) Facility. Optical wavefront measurements were conducted on a Mach 0.6/0.1 shear layer. Voice coil actuators were placed on the shear layer splitter plate to regularize the shear layer. The predicted results for the RMS of the aero-optical jitter from the stitching method matched well with modeled results. Since the stitching method produces full time series of global tilt, energy spectra were also computed and presented. This information can be used by systems designers to benchmark fast steering mirrors for use in airborne directed energy systems.
An Eclipse-based Software Platform for the Recoding Integrated Development (RIDE)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing abstraction level of embedded system models, System Level Description Languages(SLDL), like SystemC or SpeC, have been increasingly used as the design entrance. Having a well described system level model, tools can gradually synthesize them into lower level until the final netlist implementation. However, accompanying with the increase of design ability, new bottlenecks are generated. Many of the system level models are recoded from legacy C reference code, and most of the recoding is nowadays done manually by designers. Due to tedious work, this process is error-prone, time-consuming, and the quality of the final system level model is unstable. This problem has been addressed by a designer-controlled Recoding Integrated Development Environment (RIDE). With both a textual and a graphic editor and a set of analysis and transformation tools, the designer can re-code C reference code into a system level model more efficiently. In this report, we describe an Eclipse-based software platform for RIDE which can serve as a robust and extensible framework for RIDE software development and implementation. We describe in detail the initial software package installation and outline paths for its extension
Molecular Characterization of Unique Junctional Complexes as Communication Pathways among Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The interaction between stem cells and their niche is essential for the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow are able to differentiate into various tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. We have characterized the intercellular contacts among MSC and previously demonstrated the occurrence of a novel kind of adhering junction, consisting of villiform-to-vermiform cell projections (processus adhaerentes). The molecular compositions of these junctions have now been elucidated. Using a panel of antibodies specific for various components of tight, gap and adhering junctions (the latter comprising desmosomes and adhering junctions), we systematically analyzed the junctional complexes of MSC obtained from bone marrow aspirates from healthy voluntary donors and compared the data to bone marrow tissue in situ. Light and electron microscopy was used and several biochemical analyses were applied, including immunoprecipitation and RT-PCR. We could show that intercellular connections in MSC are realized in vitro by occasional gap junctions and frequent adhering junctions. Intercellular projections are noted, often deeply intruding into the neighbouring cell. These findings have been confirmed in situ in bone marrow biopsy material. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular composition of these junctions and cell-projections. In most of them, we found the transmembrane glycoproteins cadherin 11 and N-cadherin, together with the cytoplasmic plaque proteins alpha- and beta-catenin and protein p120ctn. Interestingly, similar junctions had been already noted in primary mesenchymal stem cells of day 7 to 8.5 mouse embryos. Our hypothesis is that this junction type might be a prerequisite for early mesenchymal cells. Our findings indicate that intercellular communication in MSC in human marrow is realized through a unique type of junctional complexes not described before. These structures are crucial for the long-term fate and differentiation of the cells and might have significant impact on the interaction with hematopoietic stem cells.
Comparison of Tracking Task Performance and Nystagmus During Sinusoidal Oscillation in Yaw and Pitch

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : The problem was to compare performance limits and nystagmus induced by angular accelerations about the pitch and the yaw axes. Sinusoidal torsional oscillation degraded subjects' performance of a compensatory tracking task because inappropriate nystagmic eye movements impaired visibility of the display. Responses to angular oscillation in yaw and pitch were compared. During angular motion in the pitch-forward direction the nystagmus frequency and slow phase velocity, and the consequent performance decrement, were significantly greater than during the pitch-back half cycle. No such asymmetry was found during oscillation in yaw where the nystagmus measures and error scores were similar to those obtained in the pitch-back half cycle. The poorer suppression of vestibular nystagmus during pitch-forward motion is attributed to the higher frequency and smaller amplitude of downbeating nystagmus. Angular oscillation in pitch induced motion sickness more rapidly than a comparable yaw- axis stimulus. This was probably caused by differences in the dynamic response of vertical and lateral canals and the greater mismatch of canal and gravireceptor signals during oscillation in pitch.
Study on the Government Geographic Information Platform for Urban Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aiming at the current urban management requirements, this paper put forward the concepts of the construction of government geographic information platform for urban management, the realization of geographic information sharing and task coordinated handling between departments. Taking Dongcheng District in Beijing as an example, it discussed the contents and objective of the construction of government geographic information platform and introduced the design methods, system structure, development and application of the system.
Conversion of 6-substituted tetrahydropterins to 7-isomers via phenylalanine hydroxylase-generated intermediates.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new variant form of hyperphenylalaninemia has recently been discovered in which the patients characteristically excrete 7-biopterin in their urines in addition to the natural 6-biopterin (Curtius, H. Ch., Kuster, T., Matasovic, A., Blau, N. & Dhondt, J.-L. (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 153, 715-721). This isomer had not been found previously in humans, and although its origin was not established, preliminary evidence suggested that it might be produced from 6-biopterin. We have now found that 7-biopterin can be formed in vitro from (6R)-tetrahydrobiopterin during the hydroxylation of phenylalanine catalyzed by phenylalanine hydroxylase [L-phenylalanine, tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.1]. The resulting 7-biopterin was unequivocally identified by the following criteria: preparative isolation and conversion to 7-hydroxymethylpterin following periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction, quantitative conversion to pterin-7-carboxylic acid after oxidation with permanganate, and liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry. Addition of 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase, an enzyme involved in the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin from the pterin carbinolamine intermediate (also called 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin) formed in the phenylalanine hydroxylase reaction, greatly decreased the amount of the 7-biopterin formed. This result implies that the in vitro formation of 7-biopterin occurs via the nonenzymatic rearrangement of the unstable substrate of the dehydratase, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin, and suggests that this new variant of hyperphenylalaninemia may be caused by a lack of 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase activity. A mechanism for the rearrangement is proposed that predicts that other 6-substituted tetrahydropterin substrates of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases could also give rise to rearranged products from an opening of the pyrazine ring of the corresponding 4a-hydroxytetrahydropterin intermediate.
The Rise and Fall of the Greenback Party in Texas: Economic Change and Political Dissent in the Post-Civil War Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1873, a financial crisis plunged the United States into a deep economic depression that exacerbated a number of post-war economic issues. By the late 1870s, political dissent centered primarily on financial issues merged into the Greenback movement, which represented a loose coalition of reformers calling for economic relief based on the expanded use of greenbacks (paper currency issued by the United States Treasury during the Civil War). The Greenback Party emerged as a direct response to federal financial policies, but in Texas, it also provided a broad political platform for those opposed to the policies of "Redeemer/Bourbon" Democrats. The Greenback Party of Texas brought together a wide range of dissenters, including disgruntled Democrats, ousted Republicans, and many different economic and social reformers. From 1876, when the first Greenback clubs appeared in Texas, to the Greenback Party's virtual disappearance after the election of 1884, the Texas Greenbackers reached across boundaries of section, race, class, and sometimes gender; brought together farmers, workers, and professionals; Southerners and Northerners, white and black; former Confederates and former Unionists; native-born Americans and immigrants; and received sizable support from multiple counties in the northern, eastern, and central part of the state. In spite of its short run in Texas, the Greenback movement demonstrates both the complexity of Texas politics after Reconstruction and the failure of Democratic leaders to adequately address economic issues resulting from post-bellum economic changes. The movement also laid the foundation for many future reform movements with the articulation of an antimonopoly political tradition.