jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Technique for Assessing Postural Discomfort

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A technique is described which enables the distribution of discomfort in the body, and its change during the work poriod, to he recorded. The recorded data indicate points of inadequate man-machine compatibility as well as permitting the evaluation of the effectiveness of machine designs. When used in conjunction with moasures of production performance the technique provides direct evidence of the benefits of orgonomic changes. Its use is illustrated in relation to a study of spot welders.
Performance of a packaged solar space-heating system used with a mobile home

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As part of a continuing program to develop test methods for solar heating equipment, NBS is now developing a standard test procedure for packaged solar space-heating systems similar to test procedures now used for solar collectors and thermal storage devices, and now under development for packaged solar water-heating systems.As a first step, a mobile home, which was previously tested for thermal performance in an environmental chamber, was equipped with a packaged solar space-heating system using air-heating collectors and pebble-bed storage.The system was fully instrumented and data were collected over the 1977-78 heating season at the NBS site in Gaithersburg, Maryland.The performance of the system was determined and various methods of correlating performance were explored.
Sequential Monte Carlo Samplers with Independent Markov Chain Monte Carlo Proposals

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for sampling from the posterior of static Bayesian models are flexible, parallelisable and capable of handling complex targets. However, it is common practice to adopt a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) kernel with a multivariate normal random walk (RW) proposal in the move step, which can be both inefficient and detrimental for exploring challenging posterior distributions. We develop new SMC methods with independent proposals which allow recycling of all candidates generated in the SMC process and are embarrassingly parallelisable. A novel evidence estimator that is easily computed from the output of our independent SMC is proposed. Our independent proposals are constructed via flexible copula-type models calibrated with the population of SMC particles. We demonstrate through several examples that more precise estimates of posterior expectations and the marginal likelihood can be obtained using fewer likelihood evaluations than the more standard RW approach.
Characteristics of participants willing to enroll in a workplace based shared treadmill workstation study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Workplace sedentary behavior has been associated with many chronic diseases. A nine-month study has been initiated to determine participation and benefits of shared treadmill workstations. It would be an advantage to understand factors that would increase the use of these types of workplace interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior. To address some of these factors, characteristics of nineteen office workers willing to participate in this study were investigated. Baseline anthropometric measurements were taken. Participants provided seven-day exercise and sleep logs and three-day dietary records. Accelerometers were given to measure energy expenditure, step counts and activity durations. Participants also completed the questionnaires assessing their expectations and perceptions of a workplace intervention. The willing participants were generally overweight and sedentary middle aged individuals with below average daily energy expenditures and they had low fatigue and pain levels, poor sleep quality ratings, and wanted to reduce their sedentary behavior to achieve health benefits.
The role of social communication networks in implementing educational innovations in healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hoe kan men effectief en efficiënt een gemoderniseerd competentiegericht curriculum voor de medisch specialistische vervolgopleidingen ontwerpen? En vervolgens implementeren? Het onderzoek van Erik Jippes richt zich op deze vragen, waarbij specifiek gekeken werd naar de rol van sociale netwerken in dit implementatieproces. Onderwerp van studie waren ook de bevorderende en belemmerende factoren voor het implementatieproces van een competentiegericht curriculum voor de medisch specialistische vervolgopleidingen obstetrie & gynaecologie en kindergeneeskunde. Verder is de literatuur over de structurale kant van sociale netwerken uitgebreid met kennis over het belang van centraliteit, dichtheid en segmentatie. Het is van belang procesmaatregelen toe te voegen aan het natuurlijke proces van diffusie door sociale netwerken. De grote dataset en geavanceerde analysetechnieken maakten het mogelijk deze verbanden te ontdekken. Dit proefschrift kan artsen ervan bewust maken dat sociale netwerken kunnen worden ingezet. Verder biedt het beleidsmakers, opleiders, supervisoren en arts-assistenten aanbevelingen om competentiegericht curricula voor de medisch specialistische vervolgopleidingen te ontwerpen én implementeren.
691 Audit on the Outcomes of GreenLight Laser Photovaporization of the Prostate at Freeman Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim GreenLight laser photovaporization of the prostate (GL PVP) has emerged as a widely accepted, minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). GL PVP was introduced at the Freeman in 2023, this audit aims to assess patient outcomes, waiting times for the BPH service, following its introduction. Method A retrospective audit of GLPVP patient data from March 2023 - April 2024 reviewed: (a) waiting times & LOS, (b) complications, (c) TWOC success, and (d) symptomatic relief. Results 88 men underwent GLL between March 2023-June 2024, mean age 70yrs, 25/88 were anticoagulated. Mean prostate size for GLPVP = 57cc, (range = 20-114cc). Mean prostate size for TURP = 41cc (range= 30-75cc). Mean time on wait list in days for All patients undergoing GLPVP n=88 was 154 days. 98% patients were discharged on the same day. 17/88 had complications including UTI (requiring oral antibiotics) 8%, Haematuria 3%, Urethral stricture (required surgical intervention) 3%, Failed to improve required salvage HoLEP 1%. 97% had a successful initial TWOC, 1/88 required a long-term catheter, the other passed on second TWOC. 71/88 patient have had their follow up. 80% have reported complete symptomatic benefit. Reason for incomplete resolution of symptoms included Ongoing LUTS, Dribble incontinence and LTC. Conclusions In summary this audit has shown GLPVP is safe, effective method of treatment for BPE that has the ability to deal with larger prostate sizes and convert patients previously booked for TURP. GLPVP has improved overall waiting time for bladder outlet surgery at the Freeman hospital with excellent symptomatic benefit.
SILENCING OF THE MAMMALIAN X CHROMOSOME

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Mammalian X chromosome inactivation is one of the most striking examples of epigenetic gene regulation. Early in development one of the pair of ∼160-Mb X chromosomes is chosen to be silenced, and this silencing is then stably inherited through subsequent somatic cell divisions. Recent advances have revealed many of the chromatin changes that underlie this stable silencing of an entire chromosome. The key initiator of these changes is a functional RNA, XIST, which is transcribed from, and associates with, the inactive X chromosome, although the mechanism of association with the inactive X and recruitment of facultative heterochromatin remain to be elucidated. This review describes the unique evolutionary history and resulting genomic structure of the X chromosome as well as the current understanding of the factors and events involved in silencing an X chromosome in mammals.
Scientists need social media influencers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ethanol addiction is a serious public health problem that still needs more effective pharmacological treatment.A key factor in the development and maintenance of this disease is the advent of neuroadaptations in the mesocorticolimbic brain pathway upon chronic ethanol abuse.In general, these neuroadaptations are maladaptive and affect numerous neurotransmitter systems and intracellular molecules.One of these molecules is DFosB, a transcription factor that is altered after chronic drug use.Behavioural sensitization is a useful model for the study of the neuroadaptations related to addiction.Recent works have shown a role for the imbalance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the symptoms found in addicted people.In this sense, the treatment with N-acetylcysteine, a L-cysteine prodrug that acts by restoring extrasynaptic concentrations of glutamate through the activation of cystine-glutamate antiporter, has shown promising results in the treatment of addiction.Thus, an animal model of behavioural sensitization was used to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment in the behavioural and molecular alterations induced by chronic ethanol administration.Swiss mice were subject to 13 days of daily ethanol administration to induce behavioural sensitization.Two hours before each ethanol administration and locomotor activity evaluation, the animals received intraperitoneally Nacetylcysteine injections.Immediately after the last test session, their brains were removed for DFosB and cystine-glutamate antiporter quantification.It was found that N-acetylcysteine treatment blocked ethanol-induced behavioural sensitization, the increase of DFosB content in the prefrontal cortex, and its reduction in the nucleus accumbens.The results suggest a possible use of N-acetylcysteine in ethanolrelated disorders.
Optimization of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis Technology System for Glycine soja Leaves Proteome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To facilitate the proteomic analysis of wild soybean leaves,in this study,we established a suitable protocol for leaf protein extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis. We extracted the total proteins of Glycine soja leaves through Tris-phenol method,Tris-HCl method and TCA-acetone method,compared the protein quantity and yield,and found that proteins extracted by Tris-phenol method displayed the highest concentration and best quality. We also compared the 2-DE images obtained by using different protein loading amounts,isoelectric focusing( IEF) parameters,and gel concentrations. Our results identified a suitable protocol for 2-DE analysis,using the Tris-phenol method for protein extraction,2 000 μg protein loading amount,90 000 V·h IEF condition,10% gel concentration. Under this condition,we obtained good 2-DE images with much clearer background,more protein spots,and better reproducibility. Taken together,in this study,we establisheda suitable system for 2-DE analysis of wild soybean leaf proteins,which will lay a foundation for the following Glycine soja leaf proteomic research.
Modification of aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA in vivo in rats fed phenolic antioxidants, ethoxyquin and a dithiothione

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of dietary administration of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethoxyquin (EQ) and 5-(2-pyrizinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione (oltipraz) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) - DNA adduct formation in vivo in livers and kidneys of rats were investigated. Male F344 rats were treated with 1 mg/kg AFB1 by i.p. administration and nucleic acids isolated 2 h post dosing. Animals were fed a semipurified diet supplemented with either 0.5% EQ, 0.45% BHT, 0.45% BHA or 0.1% oltipraz for 2 weeks prior to AFB1 treatment. Analysis of nucleic acid bases by h.p.l.c. showed that several AFB1 metabolite-DNA adducts were formed in both tissues. The principal and related adducts of 8,9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 represented approximately 80-90% of all adducts in both tissues and in all treatment groups. However, inclusion of the antioxidants in the diet resulted in substantial reductions in overall AFB1 modified DNA levels. EQ, BHT, BHA and oltipraz reduced the covalent binding of AFB1 to liver DNA by 91, 85, 65 and 76% and to kidney DNA by 80, 35, 62 and 64%, respectively. Concordantly, the specific activities of hepatic enzymes of presumed importance to AFB1 detoxification, epoxide hydrase, and glucuronyl and glutathione transferases were significantly elevated by all antioxidants. Reduced glutathione levels were unchanged except by oltipraz, although activities of enzymes contributing to the maintenance of reduced glutathione pools, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were elevated in most treatment groups. An excellent correlation (r = 0.95) was observed between the degree of inhibition of DNA binding by AFB1 and the induction of hepatic glutathione S-transferase activities by the four antioxidants.
Integrating digital mobile technology: iPads supporting oral language development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Twenty-first-century learning demands increased recognition of the importance of children's oral language skills (Trilling & Fadel, 2009). To date, debate has centred around the use of digital technology and its effects on the sociocultural environment that develops children's oral language skills (Cordes & Miller, 2000; Kirkland & Patterson, 2005; Oakley, Pegrum, Faulkner, & Striepe, 2012). In many Australian communities, children are presenting at school with low oral language skills (Harrison, McLeod, Berthelsen, & Walker, 2009; Hill, 201 0), which will ultimately affect their literacy development throughout their lives (Hill & Launder, 201 0). Traditional interventions for oral language development have focused on parent-child interactions around books, games and conversations (Konza, 2011 ), but recent forms of digital technology have opened up a new pedagogical teaching and learning area, which remains relatively unexplored in the literature (Pegrum, Oakley, & Faulkner, 2013). This research study is situated in the qualitative paradigm, using case-study methodology to explore classroom and pre-service teachers' perceived views of using iPads to scaffold oral language development in the early years. The case study involved a partnership created between Northbridge Primary School and Monash University to facilitate the oral language development of children in Prep to Year 2. The iPad was one of the tools employed to scaffold and guide the development and learning. Four classroom teachers and seven pre-service teachers were interviewed to examine how, when, where and why iPads were being used in the classroom and, ultimately, what effect this technology was having on children's oral language skills. Factors affecting integration, pedagogical teaching and learning, teaching implications and engagement were a focus. Second-generation activity theory allowed for an analysis and discussion of the tensions and complexities that resulted from using iPads for oral language development. Findings suggest that the use of iPads for oral language development is mediated by teachers' personal and pedagogical beliefs. It is only by examining and acknowledging these beliefs that the complexities of using these devices for oral language development can be examined. Overall, it was discovered that when used as a collaborative pedagogical tool in the classroom, the iPad effectively scaffolds and develops the oral language skills of primary-school children.
Visualization for frequent pattern mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this fast information-technological world, data grow bigger and bigger. Big data refer to the huge volume, high velocity, wide variety and different veracity of the data flow. One of the big challenges is to aggregate and visualize the data mining results to the end user. To achieve a certain level of data validity for better data aggregation in estimation and prediction, the synergy of data visualization models and data mining strategies are necessary. In this MSc thesis, the focus is on frequent pattern visualization. This aims to visualize textual frequent patterns, which result in graphical representation with three important information: frequency distribution, cardinality distribution and superset-subset relationship. The designed and implemented visualization system for frequent pattern mining reveals interesting information and useful knowledge mined from the transactional databases for various applications and services.
Activation of DNA Cleavage by Oligomerization of DNA-Bound SgrAI

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SgrAI is a type II restriction endonuclease that cuts an unusually long recognition sequence and exhibits allosteric self-modulation of DNA activity and sequence specificity. Precleaved primary site DNA has been shown to be an allosteric effector [Hingorani-Varma, K., and Bitinaite, J. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 40392-40399], stimulating cleavage of both primary (CR|CCGGYG, where the vertical bar indicates a cut site, R denotes A or G, and Y denotes C or T) and secondary [CR|CCGGY(A/C/T) and CR|CCGGGG] site DNA sequences. The fact that DNA is the allosteric effector of this endonuclease suggests at least two DNA binding sites on the functional SgrAI molecule, yet crystal structures of SgrAI [Dunten, P. W., et al. (2008) Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 5405-5416] show only one DNA duplex bound to one dimer of SgrAI. We show that SgrAI forms species larger than dimers or tetramers [high-molecular weight species (HMWS)] in the presence of sufficient concentrations of SgrAI and its primary site DNA sequence that are dependent on the concentration of the DNA-bound SgrAI dimer. Analytical ultracentrifugation indicates that the HMWS is heterogeneous, has sedimentation coefficients of 15-20 s, and is composed of possibly 4-12 DNA-bound SgrAI dimers. SgrAI bound to secondary site DNA will not form HMWS itself but can bind to HMWS formed with primary site DNA and SgrAI. Uncleaved, as well as precleaved, primary site DNA is capable of stimulating HMWS formation. Stimulation of DNA cleavage by SgrAI, at primary as well as secondary sites, is also dependent on the concentration of primary site DNA (cleaved or uncleaved) bound SgrAI dimers. SgrAI bound to secondary site DNA does not have significant stimulatory activity. We propose that the oligomers of DNA-bound SgrAI (i.e., HMWS) are the activated, or activatable, forms of the enzyme.
P41 Biochemical response to bezafibrate amongst patients with PBC and ursodeoxycholic acid non-response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

A 14-centre study of second line therapies for PBC in England identified no difference in biochemical response rates between patients treated with Obeticholic acid (OCA) vs fibrates. However, patients treated with OCA had higher rates of ALT and bilirubin normalisation, with rates of normalisation not significant amongst fibrate treated patients. This cohort was skewed towards OCA treatment, with fibrate treated patients tending to have milder disease. We sought to examine outcomes in a clinical setting were bezafibrate (beza) was the most commonly selected second line therapy.

Methods

UKPBC audit data was interrogated supplemented by case note review. Patients treated with OCA or beza for ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA) nonresponse, with biochemistry data ≥12 months after initiation were included. Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were noted. Third line treatments, or treatments for other indications (UCDA intolerance, itch, hyperlipidaemia) were excluded. Rates of biochemical response, ALT and bilirubin (bili) normalisation were noted. Categorical rates were compared using Chi-square and means compared using student's t test, with a p-value of 0.05 deemed significant.

Results

37 patients (33 beza, 4 OCA) commenced treatment for UCDA non- response. 1 (25%) OCA patient and 5 (15%) beza patients discontinued treatment prematurely. Amongst beza treated patients 19/33 (57.6%) had an elevated ALT, and 3/33 (9%) elevated bili at baseline. Mean ALP was 388 (±146). At follow up (excluding those prematurely discontinuing treatment) 1/28 (3.6%, p < 0.001) had a raised ALT, 3/28 (10.7%, p=0.90) raised bili, and mean ALP was 149.1 (±152, p<0.001). 18/28 (64%) met Paris-1 response criteria.

Conclusions

In contrast to clinical cohorts where bezafibrate was less commonly utilised, we demonstrated ALT normalisation in all but one of 28 patients not prematurely discontinuing the drug. Bilirubin normalisation did not however occur in any of the 3 patients with elevated baseline values. High rates (64%) of Paris-1 criteria response were seen. Bezafibrate is an effective second line therapy for PBC, including those with raised ALT at baseline. Patients with raised bilirubin, who are otherwise eligible, should be considered for obeticholic acid.
Effect of Foliar Feeding of Plant Growth Regulators on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Quality of Phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis DC)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur during the years 2015-16 and 2016-17 to assess the influence of NAA 25, 50 ppm and 75ppm; GA3 50, 100 ppm and 150ppm; kinetin 15,30 and 45 ppm; ethrel 250, 500 ppm and 750ppm along with control on vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters of phalsa. Among all the treatments, maximum number of shoots/ plant (130.25), shoot length(4.15cm), number of leaves/shoot (72.5), internodal length (11.5cm), number of fruits/ node (21.55) and number of fruiting nodes/ shoot (20.76) were recorded with the application of GA3 at 150 ppm. Maximum fruit yield (4.85kg/plant), fruit length (1.60cm). Fruit breadth (1.72cm) and pulp weight (65.55gm) were observed in GA3 at 100ppm. Minimum stone weight (10.22g) with maximum pulp to stone ratio (37.89) was observed in GA3 100ppm. Maximum TSS (27.50°Brix) with minimum titratable acidity (2.3%) were observed with ethrel 500ppm. Maximum TSS to acidity ratio (11.96) was obtained with ethrel 500ppm. Total sugars (29.00%), reducing sugars (21.50%) and non-reducing sugars (7.50%) were significantly higher in ethrel 750ppm. Highest ascorbic acid content (44.25mg/100gm of pulp) was noticed in GA3 100ppm.Maximum shelf life (53.51hours) of fruits was observed with kinetin 30ppm.
Prezi v. PowerPoint: Finding the right tool for the job

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this project is to determine which presentation tool works best to deliver a clear, concise message to an audience. The tools being studied are PowerPoint, the standard, slidebased presentation tool, and Prezi, the newer, non-linear software tool. A presentation was created in Prezi using the same content and multi-media as the original PowerPoint presentation. The principles of Human Centered Design Theory were used as a guide to analyze each tool. \nResearch was further triangulated by creating two groups and showing both presentations to each. Each group then had to answer survey questions about the presentations. Finally, using volunteers from both survey groups a focus group was formed to further discuss both presentations and their reactions to each one.