jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Visible light-driven borylation of aryl halides by a B12 derivative based on a dual photoredox strategy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reductive dehalogenation of an aryl halide (Ar-X) subsequent coupling with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B 2 pin[Formula: see text] to form an arylboronate (Ar-Bpin) by the photo-excited B[Formula: see text] complex of the Co[Formula: see text] oxidation state with an iridium photosensitizer (PS), [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy) 2 ]PF 6 , under anaerobic conditions was reported. The robust B[Formula: see text] complex and iridium PS provided the highest turnover numbers of over 3,800 for the borylation reaction at room temperature. The Co I state of the B[Formula: see text] complex was formed via the reductive quenching pathway of [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy) 2 ]PF 6 by visible light irradiation in the presence of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-diisopropylethylamine ([Formula: see text]-Pr 2 NEt) as a sacrificial electron donor (SED), which was confirmed by a photoluminescence lifetime analysis. A picosecond time-resolved spectroscopic analysis showed that the electron transfer from the excited Co[Formula: see text] state of the B[Formula: see text] complex ([Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text] to the Ar-X occurred in the order of the rate constants for electron transfer ([Formula: see text], Ar-I [Formula: see text] Ar-Br [Formula: see text] Ar-Cl. Based on the mechanistic studies, dual excitation of PS and the B[Formula: see text] complex is involved in the catalytic reaction and single electron transfer (SET) from [Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text] to Ar-X could provide the aryl radical by fragmentation of the Ar-X radical anion. The aryl radical should react with the radical trapping reagent, B 2 pin 2 , to form the Ar-Bpin product.
Synthesis of Impedance Plane Re-Reflecting Several Incident E-Polarized Plane Waves in Given Direction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The work is devoted to solving the problem of constructive synthesis of an inhomogeneous isotropic impedance plane which reflects simultaneously several uniform E-polarized plane waves incident from different directions in one arbitrarily defined direction. For the first time, the required distribution laws of the reactance are found explicitly. The obtained formulas for the reflection coefficient and for the scattering diagram are confirmed by the results rigorously. Solutions to the analysis problems were obtained using the Ansoft HFSS package, which confirmed the validity of the obtained theoretical relations. The results of numerical studies are presented.
NAPPH (National Association of Private Psychiatric Hospitals) statement of principles of psychiatric hospital practice ethics.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A competitive and dynamic healthcare environment requires that psychiatric hospital administrators and physicians continually monitor their hospital's ability to deliver quality services to their patients. To ensure that hospitals stand for and abide by psychiatric hospital practice ethics, the National Association of Private Psychiatric Hospitals (NAPPH) Board of Trustees has formally approved and distributed to the industry a "Statement of Principles of Psychiatric Hospital Practice Ethics." Adopted at the June 22, 1989, Board meeting, the guidelines not only summarize views long held in the industry, but are a condition of NAPPH membership. Nine critical areas are identified in the NAPPH statement: admissions, advertising, marketing and referral development, resource allocation and appropriateness of care, treatment rendered, patients' rights, family rights and involvement, competition, and financial resources. Central to ethical hospital practice is a moral responsibility--shared among administrators, trustees, physicians and staff--to ensure access to care, quality of care, and fair treatment of patients. NAPPH represents more than 300 private psychiatric hospitals throughout the United States, and the NAPPH mission includes the promotion of high-quality care and treatment, efficient hospital operation, and advocacy for the patients served by its member hospitals. Each NAPPH hospital actively supports the appropriate, safe, and compassionate treatment of the mentally ill.
Fibronectin metabolism by human mesangial cells: effects of collagens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present study we assessed whether the fibronectin (FN) metabolism of human mesangial cells (HMC) in culture is influenced by the contact of HMC with collagens type I and IV. HMC were grown on collagen gels or on collagen-coated surfaces (collagen films). FN concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FN synthesis was measured by metabolic labeling and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, the structure of matrix FN was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Compared with cells grown on plastic, HMC on collagen gels or collagen films accumulated greater amounts of FN in the cell matrix, and in these cultures, matrix FN was organized into a complex mesh of fibers. FN fiber formation was more prominent in cells adherent to collagen IV than in cells adherent to collagen I, and these fibers were observed as early as day 1 in culture. HMC adherent to plastic deposited matrix FN as patches and only occasionally as FN fibers localized to the periphery of the cell. The accumulation of FN in the matrix of HMC on collagen was not due to an increased rate of FN synthesis. In fact, HMC on collagen gels synthesized less FN than HMC on plastic. The present results indicate that the accumulation of FN in the matrix of HMC on collagen is due to the fact that this FN is less likely to be released into the supernatant than the matrix FN produced by HMC on plastic. The decreased FN synthesis demonstrated by HMC on collagen gels was associated with an overall decrease in protein synthesis but was not associated with a decrease in FN mRNA levels. Finally, FN isolated from HMC on collagen gels contained a unique 90-kDa gelatin-binding FN fragment. In conclusion, collagens have effects on the synthesis, localization, organization, and catabolism of FN produced by HMC in culture. In particular, collagen IV, the collagen normally present in the glomerular mesangium, appears to influence uniquely the organization of mesangial matrix FN.
Characterizing Developmental Changes in Long-Term Depression Through Chimeric NMDA Receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a key mechanism for learning and memory, involves long-term depression (LTD) mediated by NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation. LTD, induced by low-frequency stimulation results in weaking of excitatory synaptic efficacy and shrinking of synapse size. Dysregulation in NMDAR signaling is linked to various neurological disorders, including depression, autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Although research has demonstrated that NMDARs operate through ionotropic and non-ionotropic mechanisms, the specific roles of individual NMDAR subunit functional domains in LTD induction, particularly those within GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, remain poorly understood. A developmental shift from GluN2B to GluN2A subunits at hippocampal excitatory synapses influences the ability to induce LTD, suggesting differing contributions of GluN2A and GluN2B in ionotropic or non-ionotropic signaling. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing electrophysiological data from hippocampal slices of wild-type and transgenic mice with swapped GluN2A and GluN2B intracellular C-terminal domains, which separates ionotropic and non-ionotropic signaling. It is hypothesized that the changes in the signaling properties of GluN2A and GluN2B domains due to the switch in subunit composition will reduce the threshold for LTD induction. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in response to induced LTD from a 1 Hz low-frequency stimulation and assessed for input-output relationships and paired-pulse responses. Data analysis will utilize two-way ANOVA to determine the effects of age and genotype, with post-hoc tests to evaluate sex differences. This research is expected to advance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying LTD and inform the development of targeted therapies for cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.
Longitudinal Space Charge Effects in Particle Accelerators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The modification of the single particle theory of particles subject to radio-frequency acceleration caused by electrostatic repulsion between particles is calculated. With the aid of an appropriate Hamiltonian the Boltzmann equation is reduced to a one-dimensional integral equation for the case of a uniform particle density in a limited region of phase space. For a range of parameters that includes most accelerators, this equation is approximated by an algebraic equation, and an analytic solution valid below the transition energy is obtained. Computations are given of the ``longitudinal space charge limit,'' as well as the effect of space charge on the azimuthal bunching of a beam by an accelerating cavity. Numerical examples of these two effects are given.
A study of the relationships between compensation package, work motivation and job satisfaction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study applied the theoretical framework based on expectancy and discrepancy theories to examine how the elements of total compensation might influence work motivation and job satisfaction. The principal dimensions of total compensation that give rise to distinct reactions among employees were examined. Two samples of employees, 269 exempt employees and 297 nonexempt employees, were studied separately in order to identify the differences of reaction between these two groups. The relationships between the elements of total compensation, work motivation and job satisfaction were analysed by a structural equations model with LISREL VII. Proposals were developed to predict the conditions of compensation efficiency on work motivation and job satisfaction in the cultural context of employment in France. The three principal conclusions of the study were: (1) under certain conditions, individualized compensation of exempt employees can be a factor of work motivation; (2) flexible pay of nonexempt employees neither motivates nor increases job satisfaction; (3) benefits of exempt and nonexempt employees neither motivate nor increase job satisfaction. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P08.04: Fetal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry studies versus CTG monitoring as predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in IUGR fetuses: a retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study done on 40 patients with IUGR admitted at the IMU, MFM Section, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital from January-July 2008 compared the efficacy of Dopplers vs CTG in predicting adverse fetal outcome. Doppler and CTG results within 1 week from delivery were considered.Lead time was calculated by determining the time interval(days)from the first abnormal Doppler and the development of an abnormal CTG result.The perinatal outcome parameters were AOG on delivery, indication for termination, mode of delivery, BW, length of stay at the NICU, APGAR score < 7 and mortality. There were 23 abnormal CTG and 12 abnormal Doppler results, 6 neonatal deaths and 1 antepartal death. Most perinatal deaths occurred in the group were both tests were abnormal. Lead time was 4 days. Both umbilical artery Doppler studies and CTG are useful predictors of adverse perinatal outcome; however Doppler studies is a better predictor as it recognizes fetal compromise earlier than CTG.Once an abnormal CTG result occurs following an abnormal umbilical Doppler, the worst perinatal outcome is anticipated. In IUGR fetuses wherein pulmonary maturity is already established, it is better to deliver before the CTG becomes abnormal.
Investigation of Detergent, Phosphate and Boron Pollution in Karaçay (Manisa).

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bu calismada, Gediz Nehrinin bir kolu olan Karacay’in, su orneklerindeki fiziko-kimyasal parametreler ile anyonik deterjan, fosfat ve bor iceriklerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Analiz sonuclarina gore, anyonik deterjan konsantrasyonu 0.071–1.122 mg/L, fosfat konsantrasyonu 0.002–0.225 mg/L, bor konsantrasyonu 0.134–3.937 mg/L arasinda degisen degerlerde bulunmustur. Elde edilen ortalama degerler, “Cevre Mevzuati”, “Su Kirliligi Kontrolu Yonetmeligi” ve “Kita Ici Su Kaynaklarinin Siniflarina Gore Kalite Kriterleri”yle karsilastirilmistir. Karacay’in anyonik deterjan parametresi yonunden III. sinif (kirlenmis su), fosfat parametresi yonunden II. sinif (az kirlenmis su) sinifinda oldugu saptanmistir. Bor parametresi ise, bir istasyon haricinde diger tum istasyonlarda, inorganik kirlilik sinir degerlerinin uzerinde, IV. sinif (cok kirlenmis su) olarak belirlenmistir
1617-P: Association of High-Affinity Autoantibodies with High-Risk HLA Haplotypes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays are high-affinity autoantibodies (Abs) that are more specific than radiobinding assay (RBA) Abs for the prediction of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in natural history studies screening for risk and progression to T1D. We analyzed 603 subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study who were positive for at least one RBA diabetes related Ab and for whom ECL and HLA data were available. We sought to characterize ECL-GADA and ECL-IAA positivity and levels (z-scores) by HLA genotype and haplotypes. Mean age at initial visit was 19.4 ± 13.7 years; 345 (57.2%) were female and 104 (17.2%) carried the high-risk HLA- DR3/4*0302 genotype. At initial visit 425 (70%) of subjects were positive for either ECL-GADA or ECL-IAA, with 207 (34.3%) ECL-IAA positive subjects and 367 (60.9%) ECL-GADA positive subjects. For subjects with high-risk HLA-DR3/4 genotype (n=104), 80 (76.9%) were positive for ECL-GADA, while 42 (40.4%) were positive for ECL-IAA. ECL and RBA-GADA z-scores were higher in subjects with HLA-DR3 haplotypes, while ECL-IAA (but not RBA-IAA) z-scores were associated with HLA-DR4 haplotypes. Associations of ECL and RIA Abs with high-risk HLA haplotypes are shown in the Table. In conclusion, ECL and RBA-GADA positivity are associated with both HLA-DR3 and DR4 haplotypes, whereas only ECL-IAA (but not RBA-IAA) positivity and levels are associated with HLA-DR4 haplotype. Disclosure T.M. Triolo: None. L. Pyle: None. L. Yu: None. P. Gottlieb: Advisory Panel; Self; Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC., Tolerion, Inc., Viacyte, Inc. Research Support; Self; Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Immune Tolerance Network, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., JDRF, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Mercia/Nova Laboratories, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Novo Nordisk Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; IM Therapeutics. A. Steck: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-14-CD-17 to A.S.); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; JDRF
He implantation induced defects in InN

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

InN layers have been implanted with helium at 158 keV at various fluences to study the nature of the generated defects. The defects have been probed using positron annihilation spectroscopy. The first measurements showed that at least two different kinds of defects are created depending of the implantation fluence. The second measurements performed two years later gave different results suggesting that at least one of these defects is not stable at room temperature.
Ireland and the Arts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The arts have failed; fewer people are interested in them every generation. The mere business of living, of making money, of amusing oneself, occupies people more and more, and makes them less and less capable of the difficult art of appreciation. When they buy a picture it generally shows a long-current idea, or some conventional form that can be admired in that lax mood one admires a fine carriage in or fine horses in; and when they buy a book it is so much in the manner of the picture that it is forgotten, when its moment is over, as a glass of wine is forgotten. We who care deeply about the arts find ourselves the priesthood of an almost forgotten faith, and we must, I think, if we would win the people again, take upon ourselves the method and the fervour of a priesthood. We must be half humble and half proud. We see the perfect more than others, it may be, but we must find the passions among the people. We must baptize as well as preach. 1 This essay was first published in the United Irishman, August 31, 1904. 1 Robert Gregory painted the Burren Hills and thereby found what promised to grow into a great style, but he had hardly found it before he was killed. His few finished pictures, so full of austerity and sweetness, should find their way into Irish public galleries.KeywordsReligious BeliefFinished PictureConventional PictureBeautiful ThingGreek HistoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Toxicity of Three Gold Compounds in Laboratory Animals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Compounds of gold have been used in the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis for several decades, and their effectiveness is generally accepted. The compounds currently used (Myochrysine@ and Solganal? are poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and consequently are administered by deep intramuscular injection. The toxic effects of these two drugs in laboratory animals are not well known; there are no published reports of studies by currently accepted procedures. The series of papers which follow is intended to provide a profile of the toxicology of gold-containing compounds used in the treatment of arthritis. They are based on our studies of 2 gold-containing compounds that are effective after oral administration in the suppression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats,'. and on Myochrysine, which is given parenterally. Throughout the reports in this series of papers the doses are given as amount of compound, followed by the gold content in parentheses. Comparisons between doses of the three compounds dealt with are not appropriate. This is obviously so where the routes of administration and frequency of dosing differ. However, it also applies to the two orally administered compounds, because of differing percentages of absorption, excretion and tissue distribution; there may be other, unknown differences as well. Only qualitative comparisons are appropriate. For both the oral and injectable gold compounds ionic gold, Ag, is being administered and not molecular gold, Ag2. The effects of molecular gold (e.g., as used in dental restorations) are not considered herein. Comprehensive monitoring of many parameters, typical of toxicity studies of pharmaceutical agents, was done. To have included the raw data or comment on parameters that were not significantly altered would have obscured the major features of the toxicologic profiles which emerged from the studies. Some small changes of minor interest are mentioned only once, although they occurred in subsequent similar studies. Furthermore, some entire studies are not reported at all since no significant compound-related effect occurred. Despite the omission herein of the many details submitted in the dossiers to governments, considerable repetition of findings from
Science and Intellectual Authority in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Britain: Robert Chambers and Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation*

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Robert Chambers' anonymous work, Vestiges of Natural History of Creation, is well known as a best selling statement of evolutionary speculation before Charles Darwin. Although mainly known as a publisher, Chambers was an amateur geologist and a voracious reader of scientific and philosophical literature. His book, which first appeared in 1844, offered a general theory about origin and development of natural world, and was presented as the first attempt to connect natural sciences into a history of creation.1 The nature of Chambers' theory, its relation to Darwin's, and its social and intellectual impact on Victorian society have been studied by social historians and historians of science. 2 While drawing upon this scholarship, present article attempts to consider controversy provoked by Chambers' work in terms of questions it raised about image of science and authority of scientific community.
A Test of Aposematism in the Dendrobatid Poison FrogOophaga pumilio: The Importance of Movement in Clay Model Experiments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brightly colored frogs of Dendrobatidae contain alkaloid-based chemical defenses which appear to be utilized as a deterrent to predators. The conspicuous coloration of these frogs is generally considered to be an aposematic signal to color-visioned predators. A previous field-based experiment tested this hypothesis in the dendrobatid frog Oophaga pumilio (Strawberry Poison Frog) from the La Selva Biological Station using a stationary clay model experiment to assess natural predation. Avian predation rates on brown frog models were almost twice that of red frog models, supporting the hypothesis that coloration in O. pumilio is aposematic. A criticism of clay model experiments has been that they do not accurately represent natural organisms, especially with regard to movement. Many predators utilize movement in prey selection and, therefore, may not perceive motionless clay models as prey. In an attempt to understand the importance of movement better in assessing natural predation rates using clay model experiments, we conducted a similar field-based clay model experiment but instead used moving models of O. pumilio and of brown control frogs. Moving brown models were attacked more than nine times the rate of moving red models, supporting the finding of the previous study and providing further evidence that color is aposematic in O. pumilio. When compared directly to the previous study using stationary clay models, birds attacked moving brown models significantly more whereas red moving models were attacked significantly less. Our findings suggest that moving models may provide a better estimate of natural predator responses to an aposematic frog.
Computer aided analysis and design of MIMO bilinear control systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a CAD procedure for the analysis and design of bilinear MIMO control systems is presented. Algorithms are developed for the solution of the bilinear system state-space equations, based on the fact that the bilinear system can be treated as a linear one at every sampling instant. Stability is examined by means of suitable signal and induced system norms. Finally, a bilinear system is analysed and designed, using the developed CAD procedure.
Protectionist Reputations and the Threat of Voluntary Export Restraint*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Voluntary export restraints are often administered in such a way that each firm's post‐VER output allocation is positively related to its output under free trade. When this is true, a credible threat of a future VER will induce foreign firms to dump in the current period, decreasing the domestic price (the Yano effect), and possibly increasing welfare. We show that if an importing government's preferences are private information and if the government makes a series of VER decisions, there may exist an incentive for a welfare‐maximizing government that normally prefers free trade to maintain a protectionist reputation by imposing a VER.