jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Targeting of CXCR4 by the Naturally Occurring CXCR4 Antagonist EPI-X4 in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CXCR4 expression and downstream signaling have been identified as key factors in malignant hematopoiesis. Thus, up to 40% of all patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) carry an activating mutation of CXCR4 that leads to a more aggressive clinical course and inferior outcome upon treatment with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Nevertheless, little is known about physiological mechanisms counteracting CXCR4 signaling in hematopoietic neoplasms. Recently, the endogenous human peptide EPI-X4 was identified as a natural CXCR4 antagonist that effectively blocks CXCL12-mediated receptor internalization and suppresses the migration and invasion of cancer cells towards a CXCL12 gradient. Here, we demonstrate that EPI-X4 efficiently binds to CXCR4 of WM cells and decreases their migration towards CXCL12. The CXCR4 inhibitory activity of EPI-X4 is accompanied by reduced expression of genes involved in MAPK signaling and energy metabolism. Notably, the anti-WM activity of EPI-X4 could be further augmented by the rational design of EPI-X4 derivatives showing higher binding affinity to CXCR4. In summary, these data demonstrate that a naturally occurring anti-CXCR4 peptide is able to interfere with WM cell behaviour, and that optimized derivatives of EPI-X4 may represent a promising approach in suppressing growth promoting CXCR4 signaling in WM.
Corporate Governance and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study looks at the relationship between corporate governance and the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Ex-post facto resign design was used for the study. The population of this study is all deposit money banks listed on the Nigeria stock exchange as at 31st December 2019. Using judgmental sampling techniques, 10 listed deposit money banks were selected and their annual reports of 10 years (2009 – 2018) were used to collect needed data. Three (3) hypotheses were formulated and tested using multiple regression approach. The findings of the study revealed that board size has a significant positive impact (Î²= 0.006; p < 0.05) on financial performance (measured as ROA) of deposit money banks. Also, board independence has a negative significant effect on financial performance (Î² = -0.010; p < 0.05). While board meeting frequency has no significant influence on financial performance. The study suggests that the CBN policy on board size should be maintained and also recommends that having better level of experience and knowledge in banking and financial matters should be a major consideration in the appointment of non-executive directors.
Ventilator waveforms and the physiology of pressure support ventilation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a commonly used mode. It is patient-triggered, pressure-limited, and (normally) flow-cycled. Triggering difficulty occurring during PSV is usually due to intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure. The airway pressure generated at the initiation of inhalation is determined by the pressure support setting and the pressure rise time (pressurization rate) settings on the ventilator. The rise-time setting is clinician-adjustable on many current-generation ventilators. Flow delivery during PSV is determined by the pressure support setting, the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles, and respiratory system mechanics. The delivered tidal volume is determined by the area under the flow-time curve. Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony may occur during PSV if the flow at which the ventilator cycles to exhalation does not coincide with the termination of neural inspiration. The newer generation ventilators offer clinician-adjustable flow-termination during PSV. Ventilator waveforms may be useful to appropriately adjust the ventilator during PSV.
Quality characteristics of dumpling shell added with dropwort powder

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated quality changes in dumpling shells by addition of various concentrations of dropwort powder. Dumpling shells were added with 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7%. dropwort powder respectively. Their water-binding capacity, weight, volume, and turbidity increased after cooking. As the added dropwort powder increased, their DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, their L and a values decreased whereas their b value increased. In terms of the textural characteristics, the hardness and springiness increased and the cohesiveness and brittleness of the cooked dumpling shells significantly increased with an increasing content of dropwort powder. The savory taste, moisture, and chewiness of the dumpling shells prepared with the addition of 3% dropwort powder were preferred. Overall, the sensory evaluation showed that the sensory characteristics of the dumpling shells were best with the addition of 3% dropwort powder.
INTRODUCTION - To walk together: intergenerational learning and transformative leadership

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Before the sun rises over Africa, women have set out to walk for water, unemployed youth have set out walking in search of labor, and children have set out on a walk for school. The daily search for life, livelihood, and learning has begun. While the African context may make particular demands in terms of alleviating poverty, overcoming corruption, and developing sustainability, the challenges are global. The need for transformative leadership and collaboration across generations is universal.
Are we Turkish or are we German?: Exploring the identity crisis of Turkish Gastarbeiters in Turkish-German Film

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis expands on the current political climate in Europe and the issue of immigration, by exploring the past experiences of immigrants in Germany through the lens of German - Turkish film. Through the labour recruitment program in the post - war period, Germany saw an influx of workers, especially those from Turkey, and the issue of immigration was brought in to the forefront of political and social debate. The Turkish guest workers faced many problems in regards to their integration, based on Germany's lack of openness to immigration, the workers' attachment to their home country, and the difference of cultures. Facing discrimination in various areas, the Turkish guest workers began to document their migration experiences through literature, creating a new Turkish - German genre. This thesis discusses how two examples of Turkish - German films - Almanya: Willkommen in Deutschland and Einmal Hans mit scharfer Soße - reflect Homi K Bhabha's postcolonial concept of cultural hybridity. Through the clashes of the Turkish and German cultures, a third space has opened up and due to the intercultural interaction, a new hybrid culture has been created.
Effect of population structure on the yield and chalky rice rate in hybrid rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

By changing the density and the number of plants in one clump to form different population structure,the influence of population structure on individual dominance,yield,yield components and chalky rice rate of hybrid rice Q-you 7 was studied.The enhancement of individual dominance could increase grains per-spike and 1000-grain weight,and the increase of effective spikes was the enbodiment of population structure.Too many effective spikes or too strong individual dominance may decrease the population yield, but increase the chalky rice rate.
From integrative structural biology to cell biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Integrative modeling is an increasingly important tool in structural biology, providing structures by combining data from varied experimental methods and prior information.As a result, molecular architectures of large, heterogeneous, and dynamic systems, such as the ~52 MDa Nuclear Pore Complex, can be mapped with useful accuracy, precision, and completeness.Key challenges in improving integrative modeling include expanding model representations, increasing the variety of input data and prior information, quantifying a match between input information and a model in a Bayesian fashion, inventing more efficient structural sampling, as well as developing better model validation, analysis, and visualization.In addition, two community-level challenges in integrative modeling are being addressed under the auspices of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB).First, the impact of integrative structures is maximized by PDB-Dev, a prototype wwPDB repository for archiving, validating, visualizing, and disseminating integrative structures.Second, the scope of structural biology is expanded by linking the wwPDB resource for integrative structures with archives of data that have not been generally used for structure determination but are increasingly important for computing integrative structures, such as data from various types of mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, optical microscopy, proteomics, and genetics.To address the largest of modeling problems, a type of integrative modeling called metamodeling is being developed; metamodeling combines different types of input models as opposed to different types of data to compute an output model.Collectively, these developments will facilitate the structural biology mindset in cell biology and underpin spatiotemporal mapping of the entire cell.
Changes in Number and Structure of Peripheral Leucocytes of Pike Eel Infected with Two Species of Fish Bacterial Pathogens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Pike Eel(Muraenesox cinereus) was infected separately by Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas hydrophila for the observation of changes in the number and structure of leucocytes.The numbers of lymphocytes,neutrophils,monocytes and the thrombocytes from the peripheral blood were measured 48 h after the infection.In both V.anguillarum and A.hydrophila infected Pike Eels,the monocytes had obviously vacuolated cytoplasm and pseudopodia,with its number increased remarkably when compared to the control.Most neutrophils had rod nucleus in the infected Pike Eels,and their number increased remarkably compared to the control.The lymphocytes had distinct pseudopodia,and much more large and medium-sized lymphocytes were present,while their number decreased significantly when compared to the control.The number of the thrombocytes also decreased drastically in the infected Pike Eels.
Interlaced interpolation weighting functions for multislice helical computed tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We develop a new projection weighting function for interpolation and reconstruction of multislice helical computed tomography (CT) data with the hope of improving longitudinal resolution and reducing longitudinal aliasing in reconstructed volumes. The weighting function is based on the application of the Papoulis generalized sampling theorem to the interlaced longitudinal samples acquired by the multislice scanner. We call the approach 180MII, for multislice interlaced interpolation. For pitch 3, the 180MII approach yields high-quality images of the 3-D Shepp-Logan phantom as well as a longitudinal modulation transfer function (MTF) superior to that of the widely used 180MLI approach, which is based on the use of linear interpolation. The approach also suppresses the aliasing component expected from analysis of the longitudinal sampling pattern that arises when one neglects the small cone angle present in multislice helical CT. The approach is not as successful at mitigating an additional "unexpected" aliasing component that can be attributed to this cone angle. The presence of this conebeam effect is interesting and significant in its own right since it reveals the limitations of any multislice helical CT algorithm that ignores the cone angle.
A New Approach to Reducing Suboptimal Drug Use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1979, the National Center for Health Services Research (NCHSR) began a grant program to encourage research on improving the quality and economy of prescription drug use. The article by Schaffner et al in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1728) is one product of that timely initiative. Their research responds to the increasingly evident need—and desire—of practicing physicians for a relevant, convenient, and unbiased source of accurate prescribing information. In this study, Schaffner and co-workers demonstrate an impressive reduction in inappropriate antibiotic use by office-based physicians who were visited by a colleague serving as a peripatetic medication advisor. The drug targets were hard to dispute: few clinicians would defend oral chloramphenicol or clindamycin, or tettacycline for children, as rational outpatient therapy, given the plethora of safer antibiotics available. The fact that the investigators could find more than 200 physicians in their state using these agents on ambulatory patients is
The Impact of Tillage Practices on Thrips Injury of Peanut in North Carolina and Virgmial

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reduced tillage peanut production is gaining popularity and the impact of this practice on insect pests is not well understood. This study monitored thrips (Frankhiella fusca Hinds) damage and abundance on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina and Virginia on peanuts grown under different tillage regimes from 1986-92. A general trend for less thrips damage in reduced tillage plots was consistent in allyears except 1992 in North Carolina. In many instances, damage to plants in reduced tillage peanuts was sign&cantly less than in a conventionally tilled system. The implications for future pest management strategies involving reduced pesticide use as well as research needs to meet these goals are discussed.
Evolution of the Karoo-Maud Plume and Formation of Mesozoic Igneous Provinces in Antarctica

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Petrological-geochemical comparison of three Mesozoic igneous provinces in South Africa (Karoo Province) and East Antarctica (Queen Maud Land (QML) and Ferrar) confirms the inferred relation of the Ferrar Igneous Province, which is extended for over 3000 km along the margin of the East Antarctic, with the Mesozoic Karoo–Maud plume. Magmatic source in all three regions is characterized by pronounced negative Nb and Ta anomalies. The same features are also typical of magma sources of ancient (Late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic) dikes within the Mesozoic Ferrar Igneous Province. This compositional similarity is explained by their derivation from a single long-lived source represented by the lithosphere of the East Antarctic Craton. The Ferrar magmatic rocks are also peculiar in the predominant development of low-Ti basalts, which are generated from depleted (through repeated melting) sublithospheric mantle source enriched in potassium during paleosubduction (fluid enrichment). The formation of the Ferrar Igneous Province was related to the lateral spread of the Karoo–Maud plume (as a megaapophysis from the main zone of its manifestation) during melting of metasomatically modified Gondwanian mantle in the vicinity of the Pacific paleosubduction zone. Specific fluid-mediated conditions led to the enrichment of primary melts of the Ferrar Province in large ion lithophile elements such as U, Th, and Rb. Variations of isotope composition of these melts define mixing trends from a mantle source close in composition to the enriched magmas of the Karoo and QML provinces (87Sr/86Sr: 0.708, 143Nd/144Nd: 0.5122, 206Pb/204Pb: 18.2, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.6, 208Pb/204Pb: 37.6) to a source with elevated 206Pb/204Pb: 20.5, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.7, 208Pb/204Pb: 40.3, 87Sr/86Sr: 0.716 and lowered 143Nd/144Nd: 0.5124, which was formed owing to the fluid enrichment of mantle in the paleosubduction zone. The isotope composition of ancient magmas located in the Ferrar Igneous Province falls in the composition field of Mesozoic igneous rocks of the Karoo and QML provinces.
18F-FDG Uptake to Assess Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma: Would SUV at Late Imaging Be Relevant?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the article by Harris et al. ([1][1]) demonstrating that 18F-FDG uptake rate (Ki, min−1) precisely predicts the degree of eosinophilic inflammatory response in the lungs of asthmatic patients undergoing an allergen challenge. Any result in this field is
Fiber Orientation Quantification for Large Area Additively Manufactured Parts Using SEM Imaging

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymer-based additively manufactured parts are increasing in popularity for industrial applications due to their ease of manufacturing and design form freedom, but their structural and thermal performances are often limited to those of the base polymer system. These limitations can be mitigated by the addition of carbon fiber reinforcements to the polymer matrix, which enhances both the structural performance and the dimensional stability during cooling. The local fiber orientation within the processed beads directly impacts the mechanical and thermal performances, and correlating the orientation to processing parameter variations would lead to better part quality. This study presents a novel approach for analyzing the spatially varying fiber orientation through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This paper presents the sample preparation procedure including SEM image acquisition and analysis methods to quantify the internal fiber orientation of additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Large area additively manufactured beads with 13% by weight large aspect ratio carbon fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pellets are the feedstock used in this study. Fiber orientation is quantified using the method of ellipses (MoE), and the spatial change in fiber orientation across the deposited bead cross-section is studied as a function of process parameters including extrusion speed, raster height, and extrusion temperature zones. The results in the present paper show the results from the novel use of SEM to obtain the local fiber orientation, and results show the variation in alignment within the individual processed bead as well as an overall aligned orientation state along the direction of deposition.
Prisoners of war and civilian internees captured by British and Dominion forces from the German colonies during the First World War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis discusses the previously unstudied treatment of German civilian internees and prisoners of war taken from the German colonies by British and Dominion authorities during the First World War. Through this study the links between the First World War in the extra-European theatre and the conflict in Europe will be examined. Five key issues are posited for investigation. These are: the centralised internment policy of the British Empire, the effect of the takeover of German colonies on the cultural identity of the British dominions, the effect wartime captivity had on German settlers, what extra-European internment tells us about twentieth century mobility and warfare, and the integration of the extra-European theatre of the war into the overall Global War narrative. The establishment of a global camp system run from the British imperial metropole involved the coordination of the military, the Admiralty, Dominion governments, and the Colonial and Foreign Offices. The general principles of international law were followed but often overridden through the use of reprisals, and the notion of trying Germans for ‘war crimes’ had an impact far into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The First World War and the internment of German civilians and military prisoners in the extra-European theatre undermined the notion of a common European civilising mission in the colonial world. It upset the established colonial racial hierarchies, and through ‘enemy alien' legislation helped establish European hierarchies of race as defined by nationality, disrupting the pre-war world order of cultural globalisation. Through the analysis of German colonial settlers and soldiers in British internment, this thesis demonstrates that the First World War was not just a conflict between the European Great powers but that it also involved a world-wide remaking of ideas, institutions and geopolitics.
Non-Canonical Functions of Adenosine Receptors: Emerging Roles in Metabolism, Immunometabolism, and Epigenetic Regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that are widely expressed across tissues, traditionally associated with cardiovascular, neurological, and immune regulation. Recent studies, however, have highlighted their non-canonical functions, revealing critical roles in metabolism, immunometabolism, and epigenetic regulation. AR subtypes, particularly A2A and A2B, modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and energy homeostasis. In immune cells, AR signaling influences metabolic reprogramming and polarization through key regulators such as mTOR, AMPK, and HIF-1α, contributing to immune tolerance or activation depending on the context. Additionally, ARs have been implicated in epigenetic modulation, affecting DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression via metabolite-sensitive mechanisms. Therapeutically, AR-targeting agents are being explored for cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. While clinical trials with A2A antagonists in oncology show encouraging results, challenges remain due to receptor redundancy, systemic effects, and the need for tissue-specific selectivity. Future strategies involve biased agonism, allosteric modulators, and combination therapies guided by biomarker-based patient stratification. Overall, ARs are emerging as integrative hubs connecting extracellular signals with cellular metabolic and epigenetic machinery. Understanding these non-canonical roles may unlock novel therapeutic opportunities across diverse disease landscapes.
Insulin Resistance and Muscle Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Insulin resistance is a common finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is manifested by mild fasting hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose tolerance testing. Circulating levels of glucocorticoids are high. In muscle, changes in the insulin signaling pathway occur. An increase in the regulatory p85 subunit of Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase enzyme leads to decreased activation of the downstream effector protein kinase B (Akt). Mechanisms promoting muscle proteolysis and atrophy are unleashed. The link of Akt to the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, a major degradation pathway in muscle, is discussed. Another factor associated with insulin resistance in CKD is angiotensin II (Ang II) which appears to induce its intracellular effects through inflammatory cytokines or reactive oxygen species. Skeletal muscle ATP is depleted and the ability of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to replenish energy stores is blocked. How this can be reversed is discussed. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are elevated in CKD and impair insulin signaling at the level of IRS-1. With exercise, IL-6 levels are reduced; glucose uptake and utilization are increased. For patients with CKD, exercise may improve insulin signaling and build up muscle. Treatment strategies for preventing muscle atrophy are discussed.