jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IMPACT ON THE DEGREE OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN THE EU COUNTRIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Our study aimed to assess the degree of heterogeneity of the macroeconomic framework of the 27 EU member countries, against the background of turmoil manifested in the international financial markets. In this regard, we applied a hierarchical cluster analysis technique, for two moments of time, countries being grouped according to the values recorded by a series of key macroeconomic and financial indicators. In the year 2008 we noticed an increase of the groups’ number and fragmentation, due to the amplification of the economic gap in the pan-European area. Empirical analysis revealed the presence of some outlier countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Romania, Poland, Slovenia, Hungary and Ireland) whose macroeconomic features are the most dissimilar with the other EU Member States. We concluded that the increase in countries heterogeneity, as a result of strong imbalances at national level, has a negative impact on the economic integration process and the achievement of real and monetary convergence.
Effect of replanting systems on populations of Strategus aloeus (L.) and Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) associated with the oil palm OxG interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis) in Southwestern Colombia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The oil palm replanting process produces a large amount of organic matter that, as it begins to decompose, becomes a breeding ground for various pests, including Strategus aloeus and Rhynchophorus palmarum. Different crop replanting systems are being used today. The method used depends on the plantation and it is basically associated with the costs involved in the process. However, sometimes too little attention is paid to other issues related to the new crop, such as plant health and agronomic management. This study evaluated the effect of different crop replanting alternatives in relation to two pest populations affecting oil palm plantations. Pest populations of S. aloeus and R. palmarum were assessed and monitored for 27 months using seven replanting methods. It was found that the largest number of individuals of R. palmarum and S. aloeus was associated with the stem felling and stacking method. No individuals of the two pest species were found when the felling and burying method was used. The exposed organic matter method that had the lowest number of individuals of both pest species was the felling, chipping, spreading method.
Research on Harmonic Response of Voltage Transformers Based on Jiles-Atherton Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the inherent hysteresis characteristics and saturation characteristics of ferromagnetic materials, it is difficult to accurately establish a simulation model for a voltage transformer. In order to study the harmonic response of voltage transformers considering the hysteresis effect of iron core, a method for studying the harmonic transformation characteristics of voltage transformers is proposed. Based on the Jiles-Atherton model, the voltage transformer model is built. The hysteresis loop of the voltage transformer is measured by the RC integration circuit. The Jiles-Atherton model is used to identify the parameters and replace it into the built-in voltage transformer model. Compared with the harmonic transformation characteristics of the voltage transformer obtained by the experiment, the accuracy of the model is verified. Finally, through the experiment and simulation, the linear relationship between the ratio error of voltage transformer and the harmonic order is obtained. Compared with the traditional voltage transformer model, this model can more accurately reflect the excitation characteristics of the voltage transformer.
Singular Asynchronous Writing Tutorials: A Pedagogy of Text-Bound Dialogue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Most critical literature on online writing tutoring is based on the premise that face-to-face tutorials are—and should be—the preferred method for tutoring academic writing. According to this premise, the pedagogic validity of any other mode of tutoring depends on how accurately it replicates the “ideal” conditions of face-to-face interaction. Following this logic, the asynchronous writing tutorial comes last in the hierarchy of preferred tutorial formats. This chapter offers a different perspective on asynchronous online writing tutoring based on the teaching practices in place at the Centre for Academic Writing (CAW), Coventry University, England. It develops a new theoretical framework for existing tutorial practices and suggests juxtaposition through parenthetical comments as a pedagogically-sound strategy for teaching critical thinking in asynchronous online student-tutor communication and potentially in other teaching contexts. Our analysis relies on Bakhtin’s understanding of language as intrinsically dialogic and applies this concept to the academic discourse of asynchronous writing tutorials.
Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis to Remove COD and Color

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Textile industry is faced with serious environmental problems associated with its immense wastewater discharge, high BOD, COD, TS, extreme alkalinity and heavily colored effluent. It is discharged without enough treatment above the discharge limit set by EPA which affects the aquatic environment as well as human beings. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reduce COD and color from the textile wastewater by using TiO2 photocatalysis experiment to an acceptable discharge limit. In this study, effect of TiO2 dosage (400-550 mg/l), pH (7-9), and irradiation time (3-5 hr.) were investigated in batch experiment. The influent results revealed that the COD, BOD, TS, TSS, TDS and turbidity of textile wastewater were in concentration of 1150 mg/L, 210.77 mg/L, 2500 mg/L, 850 mg/L, 1650 mg/L and 190 NTU respectively. After TiO2 photocatalytic treatment the effluent resulted at the optimum condition (475 mg/L of TiO2 dosage, pH 9, and irradiation time of 5 hour) for the removal of COD and color showed that 110 mg/L of COD removal which is 90.4% in percent and 88% color removal respectively. When we see the removal of other pollutant load such as BOD, TSS, TDS and turbidity the concentration reduced to 210.77 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 74 mg/L and 22 NTU respectively which shows photocatalytic treatment of textile wastewater is the best treatment choice not only to remove COD and color but also the other pollutant load. Consequently, the experimental result showed that TiO2 photocatalysis is an efficient, cost effective and environmental friendly treatment technology for textile wa
RP-HPLC Determination of Lipophilicity of 22 Penicillins, Their Correlation with Reported Values and Establishment of Quantitative Structure-log Kw Relationships

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lipophilicity parameters were determined for a series of 22 penicillins by the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). First, the capacity factors were determined for each drug at different concentrations of the organic modifier (methanol) at a constant flow rate, using an octadecylsilane column. The capacity factors were then extrapolated to zero methanol concentration to determine lipophilicity parameter, log kw. The resultant log kw values were correlated to previously reported lipophilicity parameters and good relationships were observed. Correlations were also established between log kw values and various structural parameters using CODESSA software. Excellent correlations, free from chance correlations and high predictive power, were obtained.
Inhibitory effect of okadaic acid on the p-nitrophenyl phosphate phosphatase activity of protein phosphatases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The phosphatase activities of type 2A, type 1 and type 2C protein phosphatase preparations were measured against p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), a commonly used substrate for alkaline phosphatases. Of the three types of phosphatase examined, the type 2A phosphatase exhibited an especially high pNPP phosphatase activity (119 +/- 8 mumol/min per mg of protein; n = 4). This activity was strongly inhibited by pico- to nano-molar concentrations of okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of type 2A and type 1 protein phosphatases that has been shown to have no effect on alkaline phosphatases. The dose-inhibition relationship was markedly shifted to the right and became steeper by increasing the concentration of the enzyme, as predicted by the kinetic theory for tightly binding inhibitors. The enzyme concentration estimated by titration with okadaic acid agreed well with that calculated from the protein content and the molecular mass for type 2A phosphatase. These results strongly support the idea that the pNPP phosphatase activity is intrinsic to type 2A protein phosphatase and is not due to contamination by alkaline phosphatases. pNPP was also dephosphorylated, but at much lower rates, by type 1 phosphatase (6.4 +/- 8 nmol/min per mg of protein; n = 4) and type 2C phosphatase (1.2 +/- 3 nmol/min per mg of protein; n = 4). The pNPP phosphatase activity of the type 1 phosphatase preparation shows a susceptibility to okadaic acid similar to that of its protein phosphatase activity, whereas it was interestingly very resistant to inhibitor 2, an endogenous inhibitory factor of type 1 protein phosphatase. The pNPP phosphatase activity of type 2C phosphatase preparation was not affected by up to 10 microM-okadaic acid.
Survivin as a target for gene therpy of digestive apparatus tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Survivin is selectively expressed in the most common human neoplasms,The expression and function of sur- rivin are down-regulated through the use of antisence oligonucleotides,ribozyme,small interfering RNA,dominant negative mutants.Moreover,tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agent and irradiation are sensitized,The article reviews gene therapy of digestive apparatus tumors when survivin is a target.
Association of Dietary Retinol Intake and Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels: Results from NHANES 2013–2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is increasing evidence suggesting that serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels can be used as biomarkers for axonal injury. Retinol is recognized for its significant involvement in nervous system function, but the precise connection between dietary retinol and sNfL levels remains uncertain. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary retinol intake and sNfL, and to find an optimal retinol intake level for neurological health. Methods: In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted from 2013 to 2014, a cohort of 1684 participants who met the criteria were selected for the study. sNfL levels were measured from stored serum samples using a novel high-throughput immunoassay platform from Siemens Healthineers. Assessment of dietary retinol intake was performed by a uniformly trained interviewer through a 24 h dietary recall method. A generalized linear model was evaluated to assess the correlation between dietary retinol intake and sNfL concentrations. Furthermore, the nonlinear association between the two is further explored using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Results: Upon adjusting for potential confounders, a 10% increase in dietary retinol intake was associated with a 3.47% increase in sNfL levels (95% CI: 0.54%, 6.49%) across all participants. This relationship was more pronounced in specific subgroups, including those under 60 years of age, non-obese, impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and non-diabetic. In subgroup analysis, among those younger than 60 years of age (percent change: 3.80%; 95% CI: 0.43%, 7.28%), changes were found in non-obese participants (percent change: 6.28%; 95% CI: 2.66%, 10.02%), those with impaired eGFR (percent change: 6.90%; 95% CI: 1.44%, 12.65%), and non-diabetic patients (percentage change: 4.17%; 95% CI: 1.08%, 7.36%). RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary retinol intake and sNfL levels. Furthermore, the positive correlation between the two was more significant after the inflection point, according to piecewise linear analysis. Conclusion: This current investigation uncovered a J-shaped relationship between dietary retinol and sNfL levels, suggesting that axonal damage can occur when dietary retinol intake increases more than a specific threshold. These findings need to be further confirmed in future prospective studies to determine the precise intake level that may trigger axonal injury.
Developing podcast for listening material for grade 10

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to developedpodcast for listening material for grade 10. The subject of this research was the tenth grade, which consisted of 22 students. The location of this research was in the MAN Tanjungpinang. The type of this research was development research with ADDIE model. The researcher focused on developing podcast for listening matrial that was suitable for students’ daily activity and their environment. There were five stages namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The data obtained from students’ need questionnaires, expert validation questionnaire, and small group try out questionnaire. The results showed that the podcast validation results for students' listening material for class X were valid and did not need revisions. Podcasts were directly implemented to students. Based on the results of student implementation of the practicality test sheet, it was found that podcasts for listening material for grade 10 were very appropriate and practical.
Synthesis and Cross-Coupling of Sulfonamidomethyltrifluoroborates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfonamidomethyltrifluoroborates were successfully synthesized and cross-coupled with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, allowing the construction of a sulfonamidomethyl aryl linkage through a new disconnection, thus offering a new way to access such structurally interesting motifs.
What they believe, what they want: A needs analysis of electrical engineering students on teaching and assessment methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the opinions of students at the Electrical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest (UPB) regarding the teaching and assessment methods. The students' opinions depend on various socio-demographic variables discussed. The study is based on a quantitative analysis and it was conducted on 844 students studying Electrical Engineering, during May-July 2016.
INVERSE MELTING OF VORTEX LATTICE IN LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using molecular dynamic simulations for the melting transition of a flux line lattice(FLL) with point disordered pinnings, thermal fluctuations and magnetic interactions between pancake vortices, we study the disorder-driven melting transition from a disentangled and ordered Bragg glass (BG) to an entangled amorphous vortex glass (VG) or a vortex liquid (VL) in the pinning strength-temperature phase diagram. A portion of the BG region is found to be sandwiched in between the VG phase at lower temperatures and VL phase at higher temperatures, exhibiting inverse melting behavior observed recently on BSCCO crystals.
THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE EXPRESSION OF HETEROSIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE EXPRESSION OF HETEROSIS: In Antirrhinum majus L. Get access W. J. HANEY, W. J. HANEY Department of Horticulture, Michigan State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. B. GARTNER, J. B. GARTNER Department of Horticulture, North Carolina State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. B. WILSON G. B. WILSON Department of Botany, Michigan State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 44, Issue 1, January 1953, Pages 10–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106339 Published: 01 January 1953 Article history Received: 29 August 1952 Published: 01 January 1953
Optimal configuration algorithm for static segment of FlexRay

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

FlexRay,which could provide high data bandwidth,time determinism and reliability,was recognized as the standard of the next generation automotive buses,but the complexity of the configuration hindered its wide application in automotive electronics systems.Slot ID assignment of static segment was the key part of its configuration.Started from the system-level point of view,a new system-level scheduling unit model was defined.Based on confining the iable slot IDs and analyzing delay for each scheduling unit,a branch and bound-based searching was carried on to search the optimal slot ID assignment plan that realized the minimization of system’s end-to-end delay.Both theoretical proving and experimental results show that the slot ID assignment method is optimal in optimizing system’s end-to-end delay.
Insecticidal and inhibitory effects of Meliaceae and Asteraceae extracts to silverleaf whitefly

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect that causes direct and indirect damage on tomato. Spraying with synthetic insecticides is one of the main control tools for the whitefly; however, the abusive use of this tool can impact the environment and human beings. In this study we evaluated the bioactivity of extracts from plant species from Asteraceae and Meliaceae families on B. tabaci biotype B in tomato. A preliminary bioassay evaluated the effects of the extracts at 2% (w/v) on infestation and oviposition of this whitefly. Then, the nymphicidal and ovicidal effects of the chloroformic extract of Trichilia pallida - TP-Cl at six concentrations were performed. Finally, the TP-Cl LC50 was estimated. All extracts were repellent to the whitefly, except that ones from T. pallida (ethanolic) and Melia azedarach (hexanic), considered neutral at 24 h. All the extracts caused deterrence of oviposition. All concentrations of TP-Cl revealed nymphicidal activity and the highest ones provided the lowest egg viability averages. The estimated LC50 was 0.0955%. These results provide evidence for the potential of the extracts to be used as alternative control agents of B. tabaci biotype B in tomatoes.
Deep-Learning-Based Separation of a Mixture of Dual-Tracer Single-Acquisition PET Signals With Equal Half-Lives: A Simulation Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) can characterize various aspects of physiology and function by a single scan, both of which increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and benefit the patients significantly. However, the separation of dual-tracer PET images can be challenging as they yield indistinguishable 511-keV photon pairs. The existing methods rely on the differences in the kinetic behaviors of the compartment models and radioactive decay to differentiate dual tracers with staggered injection, thereby limiting the level of separation precision and increasing the dual-tracer scanning time. We herein propose a new method to separate the mixed dualtracer signals with equal half-lives that allow the simultaneous injection of the two tracers. A deep belief network (DBN) framework with a supervised mechanism was constructed to map the complex relationship between dual-tracer signals and two individual signals. The DBN is composed of three restricted Boltzmnan machines (RBMs) and a supervised neural network with the same structure. Correspondingly, the whole training process includes two primary steps: 1) a forward pretraining by three RBMs and 2) a fine-tuning by the supervised neural network with the back-propagation (BP) algorithm. We validated the proposed DBN framework on four dual-tracer groups using the Monte Carlo simulation with different counts levels: 1) [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose-[ 18 F] fluorothymidine on the Hoffman brain phantom; 2) [ 62 Cu] ATSM-[ 62 Cu] PTSM on the Zubal thorax phantom; 3) [ 11 C] flumazenil (FMZ)-[ 11 C] dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) on the complex brain phantom; and 4) [ 11 C] FMZ-[ 11 C] DTBZ on the six-ball phantom. We demonstrate that our method can provide a satisfactory performance regarding the separation of dual tracers labeled by the same radionuclide with the order of 10 6 to 10 7 total counts.
ESO 137–001: A jellyfish galaxy model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

\nRam-pressure stripping of the spiral galaxy ESO 137−001 within the highly dynamical intracluster medium (ICM) of the Norma cluster lead to spectacular extraplanar CO, optical, Hα, UV, and X-ray emission. The Hα and X-ray tails extend up to 80 kpc from the galactic disk. We present dynamical simulations of the ram-pressure stripping event, and investigate the physics of the stripped gas and its ability to form stars. We also use these simulations to predict H I maps and to constrain the orbit of ESO 137−001 within the Norma cluster. Special care was taken for the stripping of the diffuse gas. In a new approach, we analytically estimate the mixing between the intracluster and interstellar media. Different temporal ram-pressure profiles and the ICM-ISM mixing rate were tested. Three preferred models show most of the observed multiwavelength characteristics of ESO 137−001. Our highest-ranked model best reproduces the CO emission distribution, velocity for distances of ≲20 kpc from the galactic disk, and the available near-ultraviolet (NUV) observations. The second and third preferred models best reproduce the available X-ray and Hα observations of the gas tail, including the Hα velocity field. The angle between the direction of the galaxy’s motion and the plane of the galactic disk is between 60° and 75°. Ram-pressure stripping thus occurs more face-on. The existence of a two-tailed structure is a common feature in our models, and is due to the combined action of ram pressure and rotation together with the projection of the galaxy on the sky. Our modeling of the Hα emission caused by ionization through thermal conduction is consistent with observations. We predict the H I emission distributions for the different models. Based on the 3D velocity vector derived from our dynamical model, we derive a galaxy orbit, which is close to unbound. We argue that ram pressure is enhanced by a factor of ∼2.5 compared to that expected for an orbit in an unperturbed spherical ICM. This increase can be obtained in two ways: an increase in the ICM density or a moving ICM opposite to the motion of the galaxy within the cluster. In a strongly perturbed galaxy cluster, such as the Norma cluster, with an off-center ICM distribution, the two possibilities are probable and plausible.\n