jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pathogenese und Bekämpfung infektiöser Faktorenkrankheiten in der Tierproduktion

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Pathogenesis and control of infectious factorial diseases in livestock production A new system of classification according to the cause and effect relationships is proposed for those infectious diseases which acutely affect livestock production. The most important group is multicausal infectious diseases, including infectious factorial diseases. Multicausal infectious diseases are those infectious diseases which are the result of the synergistic interaction of various processes which alone do not lead to disease and for whose cause‐effect relationship the Henle‐Koch postulates do not apply. Ubiquitous, opportunistic agents are responsible for the aetiology of these infectious diseases, whereas non‐microbial factors (e. g. stress, immunosuppression, transportation, cold, change of environment, crowding) cause the more frequent transition from infection to disease. The clarification of the pathogenetic and immunological processes which underly the development of infectious factorial diseases in livestock production has provided the basis on which the following new methods of control have been developed: 1. Vaccination with functional‐synergistic combination vaccines; 2. Use of herd‐specific vaccines, and 3. Paramunization. Paramunization, a biological method of stimulating the non‐specific defence mechanism, is a new concept of prophylaxis and metaphylaxis. Zusammenfassung Bei den für die Tierproduktion wichtigen Infektionskrankheiten wird eine neue Gliederung nach Ursache‐Wirkungs‐Relationen vorgeschlagen. Die wichtigste Gruppe sind die multikausalen Infektionskrankheiten, zu denen auch die infektiösen Faktorenkrankheiten gehören. Unter multikausalen Infektionskrankheiten versteht man Infektionskrankheiten, die durch das synergistische Zusammenwirken verschiedener, für sich allein nicht krankmachender Vorgänge entstehen und für die die Henle‐Kochschen Postulate bezüglich Ursache‐Wirkungs‐Relation nicht zutreffen. Für die Ätiologie der infektiösen Faktorenkrankheiten sind ubiquitäre, opportunistische Problemkeime, für die gehäufte Konversion der Infektion in eine Krankheit dagegen nicht mikrobielle Faktoren (z. B. Streß, Immun‐suppression, Transport, Erkältung, Milieuwechsel, Crowding) verantwortlich. Die Aufklärung der pathogenetischen und immunologischen Vorgänge beim Zustandekommen von infektiösen Faktorenkrankheiten in der Tierproduktion schuf die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung folgender neuer Bekämpfungsverfahren: 1. Schutzimpfung mit funktionell‐synergistischen Kombinationsvaccinen, 2. Einsatz von stallspezifischen Impfstoffen und 3. Paramunisierung. Die Paramunisierung als biologische Methode der Stimulierung der unspezifischen Abwehr ist ein neues Prophylaxe‐ und Metaphylaxekonzept.
Is the anti-sarcoma and anti-viral cytokine "plasma factor" a novel chicken Y-box protein?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A line of research beginning in the early 1960s with the observation that West Nile virus and, later, several strains of rabies virus could inhibit the development of the Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor in the wing-web of chicken (a "sarcoma-blockade") eventually culminated in the characterization of a 14-kDa circulating anti-sarcoma and anti-viral activity christened "plasma factor" (PF) which, unlike the interferons, inhibited the replication of diverse RNA-containing viruses, but not of any DNA-containing viruses. The possibility that this 14 kDa protein represented a novel antiviral cytokine has been strengthened by analysis of partial amino acid sequencing data which suggest that this 14-kDa cytokine may correspond to the 127-amino acid-long chicken YB2-like protein (Locus: XP_423576) deduced very recently from the genomic sequencing of chicken. Biologically, proteins of the Y-box family (such as chicken YB1 and YB2) not only bind DNA and thus regulate transcription but also bind single-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific and reversible manner, repress viral RNA translation, inhibit retroviral transformation of chicken fibroblasts, and are known to regulate transcription of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. Taken together, the available data point to a novel anti-viral cytokine with a novel mechanism of action.
Study and Evaluation of Conditional Assessment of RCC Structures for Repair and Retrofitting Using NDT Modules

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract - The structural integrity of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures is crucial for ensuring long-term safety and performance in both residential and industrial applications. Over time, these structures are subjected to various environmental stresses and loadings that can lead to deterioration, compromising their safety and functionality. The conditional assessment of RCC structures plays a pivotal role in evaluating the extent of damage and determining the need for repair and retrofitting interventions. This study focuses on the evolution and advancements in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques used for assessing the condition of RCC structures. NDT methods, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and Rebound Hammer, provide essential data for evaluating concrete quality, detecting cracks, corrosion, and identifying hidden defects without causing damage to the structure. The research explores how the integration of various NDT techniques has improved the accuracy and reliability of condition assessments, enabling better decision-making in repair and retrofitting strategies. By analysing case studies and experimental data, this paper examines the effectiveness of different NDT modules in diagnosing structural issues and the evolution of assessment methodologies in response to emerging challenges in civil engineering. Ultimately, the findings of this study aim to highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and technological advancement in the field of RCC structural assessment, providing insights for engineers and researchers focused on improving the longevity and safety of civil infrastructure. Key Words: Environmental Stresses, Assessments, Decision Making, Enabling, Corrosion, Longevity, Diagnosing, Retrofitting.
Pronation and supination of the scaphoid.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to identify and classify longitudinal rotations of the scaphoid on clinical radiographs of normal wrists. The concept of scaphoid recumbency was defined in terms of the orientation of the palmar tubercle. Pronation and supination of the scaphoid were identified in a set of 130 posteroanterior films of structurally normal wrists in neutral position. Normal variations in scaphoid recumbency and lunate posture were classified. It was found that the scaphoid is in neutral recumbency in 62%, pronation in 32%, and supination in 7% of structurally normal wrists. Neutral scaphoid recumbency and neutral lunate posture occur together in 45% of normal wrists. Rarely, scaphoid supination and lunate flexion occurred together, simulating a collapse pattern often seen in inflammatory arthritis. Scaphoid supination and lunate extension did not occur together. An anatomic basis for this incompatibility of scaphoid recumbency and lunate posture is suggested. We conclude that longitudinal rotation of the scaphoid (ie, pronation and supination) may be seen on clinical radiographs of structurally normal wrists. These rotations are exaggerated in certain types of carpal instability.
Computer Democracy - Our Next Step in Europe

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

After about a quarter of a century of enlightened development and ongoing preparatory technological, scientific\nand political activities we are arrived at the realization period of the idea. The two major technological vehicles of\nprogress are the World Wide Web, the most democratic international forum of information exchange and the\nadvent of public key cryptography as a combined philosophical and practical device of individual integrity and\ncollective responsibility.
A Two-Stage Multi-Objective Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning Framework for Continuous Robot Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-world continuous control problems often require optimizing for multiple conflicting objectives. Various works in multi-objective reinforcement learning have been conducted to tackle such issues and obtained impressive performance. At the same time, evolutionary algorithms (EAs), which are extensively used in multi-objective optimization, have recently been demonstrated their competitiveness to RL algorithms, including multi-objective control for environments with discrete action spaces. However, using EAs for multi-objective continuous robot control is still an under-explored topic. For the single-objective setting, the Proximal Distilled Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning (PDERL) framework succeeds in combining the robustness of EA and the efficiency of RL methods. In this work, we bring the strengths of PDERL to the multiobjective realm to create the novel multi-objective PDERL framework called MOPDERL that consists of a warm-up stage and an evolution stage. In particular, MOPDERL collaboratively optimizes policies for each separate objective in the warm-up stage, and then exchanges that knowledge for further policy improvement during the multi-objective evolution stage. We benchmark MOPDERL on six MuJoCo robot locomotion environments, which have been modified for the multi-objective context. The results show that MOPDERL produces better-quality Pareto fronts and higher metric scores than the state-of-the-art PGMORL algorithm across five out of six environments.
Research notes towards a definition of Huallywood

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Lim Song-hwee for his invite and perceptive advice on this research note.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. The translation huaren meaning ethnic Chinese is based on Chee Beng Tan's seminar ethnological account on Chinese overseas. See Tan (Citation2003, 2).2. For the purpose of this article, Shao's work was translated from Mandarin into English ad hoc by Zitong Qiu and Yongchun Fu.3. Most of the criticism directed towards the concept of Huallywood has been undertaken in the form of discussion following the presentation of the work carried under its umbrella or in the form of public comments in social media such as Weibo. Throughout these exchanges, the critique of self-orientalization has been rather consistent but not yet theoretically formalized through the means provided in academia. For an example of such critique, see the Weibo personal page of Zhou Tiedong: http://weibo.com/p/1003063320127782?is_hot=1, accessed on 17 February 2015.
Stackpole Syncline

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

**Stackpole Syncline, Pembrokeshire, SW Wales** ![](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=10AoiBDKvoNjRi5zft6xHCrPkRHRXkvkr) Folded Carboniferous limestones deformed during the Variscan Orogeny. The virtual outcrop was generated using *Agisoft Photoscan* from 220 aerial photographs acquired with a DJI Phantom 3. [www.e-rock.org](http://www.e-rock.co.uk) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Horizontal Collaboration in Crisis Management: An Experimental Study of the Duty Officer Function in Three Public Agencies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lately, scholars have been engaging in studies on the crossroads between collaborative public management and crisis management, but our knowledge on how organizations work together with interorganizational goals in times of crisis or in relation to the threat that crises pose, is still limited. This study aims to illuminate how interagency horizontal collaboration plays out in practice. An interview study with twenty‐three Swedish duty officers in three organizations with critical tasks in the institutional crisis management system is carried out to unearth impediments to interagency collaboration that emerge when organizations from different policy subsystems engage in crisis collaboration. Empirically, the study contributes with new knowledge on how a crucial function in crisis management carries out work and deals with challenges. Theoretically, it contributes to the literature on crisis management collaboration by shedding light on processes of horizontal collaboration in the area of crisis management.
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF GLUCAGON BY FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY REACTION OF NH2-TERMINAL HISTIDINE WITH o-PHTHALDIALDEHYDE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Exposure to o-phthaldialdehyde (OPT) causes intense fluorescence in A 2 -cells in sections from pancreas. Alloxan treatment of mice was followed by a marked increase in the number and fluorescence intensity of the OPT-reactive A 2 -cells, whereas cobalt chloride given to guinea pigs induced an almost total depletion of the cytoplasmic fluorescence with concomitant reduction of their argyrophilia. Microspectrofluorometric analysis of the fluorophore revealed excitation maxima at 370 and 420 mµ; the corresponding emission maxima were 430 and 490 mµ. This closely resembled the spectral characteristics of the OPT-induced fluorescence of authentic glucagon. It is concluded that OPT forms fluorphores wth glucagon in the A 2 -cells and that the NH 2 -terminal histidine residue of the polypeptide is responsible for the formation of the fluorophore. It is proposed that OPT is a useful reagent for the histochemical detection not only of histamine but also of histidyl peptides.
Data and mobile device protection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the 21st century, technology is developing rapidly, millions or billions of people in the world revolve and depending on modern latest technology developments. Hence, this has improved the world by providing a convenient platform on communication, daily tasks and many other requirements. The most commonly exposed IT devices that we use are smartphones. Smartphones are one of the necessary device that people could not absent. Now in the recent years, an increase number of children are getting heavily exposed to smartphones at a very young age. Parents allows their children to use their mobile smartphones for playing games, watch videos, listen to music and etc. to keep them occupied and entertained while they are busy or away. On the other hand, parents did not realise that this could lead their children to a higher chance of accessing to underage prohibited online sites, downloading unsecured applications, unsafe online chatting etc. Parents have let down their guards to think it is safe and secure for their children, without consideration of these risks, heavy and unexpected consequences if a scam or hacking occurred. It is necessary to protect your mobile smartphone device with security measures to prevent such occurrences. Therefore, an Android mobile security application is developed for usage on Android smartphones. This project aims to create an Android application to provide secured based monitoring and security installed onto their children smartphone for usage, whereas their parents are the administrator to set controls for tracking. It is developed using Android Studio and supported libraries such as Appcompat, Cardview, Recycleview. The supported API used is Google API and SQLite database helps to store data. The project is delivered and implemented, testes is conducted for debugging and correction.
Simultaneous determination on the contents of berberine hydrochloride,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride in Pulsatill Decoction by RP-HPLC

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To establish a simultaneously determination on the contents of berberine hydrochloride,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride in Pulsatill Decoction by RP-HPLC.Methods:With the method of linear gradient elution,the chromatographic column was XP ODS-A C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 ×μm),the mobile phase was stated as follows:solution A was acetonitrile,and solution B was 0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(adjust pH = 3.0 with H3PO4).The ratios of A/B at 0-40min was 5:95-45:55.The flow rate was 1.0mL/min,column temperature was 25℃,DAD detection wavelength was 340 nm,and injection volumn was 10 ×μL.Results:The good linear relationship of berberine hydrochloride,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride were obtained in the range of 62.5-1000 ×μg/mL,46.875-750 ×μg/mL and 37.5-600 ×μg/mL,respectively.The average recovery was 99.22%(RSD=3.25%),98.46%(RSD=1.99%) and 99.20 %(RSD=1.69%),respectively.Conclusion:This method was convenient,sensitive and accurate.It could be used to control the quality of Pulsatill Decoction.
Study on the Seedling of Flue-cured Tobacco with Medium Substituted by Chinese Herbal Residues in Qianxinan Tobacco Area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective] The research aimed to make full use of Chinese herbal medicine residue resources and verify the feasibility of fluecured tobacco seedling. [Method] The Chinese herbal residues and conventional flue-cured tobacco seedling medium were used to make the flue-cured tobacco seedling test. The effects of seedling with Chinese herbal residue medium on the tobacco emergence ratio,growth period and agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were studied. [Result] The emergence ratio of tobacco seeds with Chinese herbal residue medium was significantly lower than that of conventional medium. For the growth period,there was differences at the aspects of the emergence period,big and small cross period and cat ear period of tobacco seedlings between Chinese herbal residue medium and conventional medium,but the difference was not significant. For the agronomic characters in the seeding stage,the stem girth and leaf number of tobacco with Chinese herbal residue medium had significant differences with that of conventional medium,the stem height and number of lateral roots had no significant difference. [Conclusion] Chinese herbal residues had the basic conditions of floating seedling,so it could be popularized and applied.
Quantum Measurements from a Logical Point of View

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a logic modelling some aspects of the behaviour of the measurement process, in such a way that no direct mention of quantum states is made, thus avoiding the problems associated to this rather evasive notion. We then study some properties of the models of this logic, and deduce some characteristics that any model (and hence, any formulation of quantum mechanics compatible with its predictions and relying on a notion of measurement) should verify. The main results we obtain are that in the case of a Hilbert space of dimension at least 3, using a strengthening of the Kochen-Specker theorem, we show that no model can lead to the certain prediction of more than one atomic outcome. Moreover, if the Hilbert space is finite dimensional, then we are able to precisely describe the structure of the predictions of any model of our logic. In particular, we show that all the models of our logic do exactly make the same predictions regarding whether a given sequence of outcomes is possible or not, so that quantum mechanics can be considered complete as long as the possibility of outcomes is considered.
Quality gaps identified through mortality review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Hospital mortality rate is a common measure of healthcare quality. Morbidity and mortality meetings are common but there are few reports of hospital-wide mortality-review processes to provide understanding of quality-of-care problems associated with patient deaths. Objective To describe the implementation and results from an institution-wide mortality-review process. Design A nurse and a physician independently reviewed every death that occurred at our multisite teaching institution over a 3-month period. Deaths judged by either reviewer to be unanticipated or to have any opportunity for improvement were reviewed by a multidisciplinary committee. We report characteristics of patients with unanticipated death or opportunity for improved care and summarise the opportunities for improved care. Results Over a 3-month period, we reviewed all 427 deaths in our hospital in detail; 33 deaths (7.7%) were deemed unanticipated and 100 (23.4%) were deemed to be associated with an opportunity for improvement. We identified 97 opportunities to improve care. The most common gap in care was: ‘goals of care not discussed or the discussion was inadequate’ (n=25 (25.8%)) and ‘delay or failure to achieve a timely diagnosis’ (n=8 (8.3%)). Patients who had opportunities for improvement had longer length of stay and a lower baseline predicted risk of death in hospital. Nurse and physician reviewers spent approximately 142 h reviewing cases outside of committee meetings. Conclusions Our institution-wide mortality review found many quality gaps among decedents, in particular inadequate discussion of goals of care.
A Nutritional Evaluation of a High Fiber Sunflower Meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The nutritional value of sunflower meal (SM) was investigated. Three experiments were conducted in which sunflower meal protein was substituted for soybean meal (SBM) protein in laying hens diets with or without L-lysine supplementation. In Experiment 1 and 2, three graded levels of SM were included in the diets. In Experiment 1, positive linear effects on feed consumption and feed conversion, and a quadratic effect on energy consumption with SM inclusions were observed. Egg weight, shell quality, mortality, egg production and body weight were not affected. Lysine supplementation influenced only body weight gain. In Experiment 2, quadratic effects on feed consumption and egg production, a linear effect on feed conversion, and a cubic effect on energy consumption were observed. Egg weight and body weight were not affected. There was no effect of lysine supplementation on hen performance. In Experiment 3, apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of the diets from Experiment 1 was determined with birds from Experiments 1 and 2. There was no difference between strains on utilization of dietary energy. A negative quadratic regression between AMEn and % SM in the diets was found.
Investigations on Foam Detection Utilizing Ultra-Broadband Millimeter Wave FMCW Radar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Foaming impairs the efficiency in several processes of the chemical industry. An early foam detection is advantageous to solve this problem. In this work we investigate the detection of foam by means of radar distance measurements utilizing a low noise 80 GHz FMCW radar with 25 GHz bandwidth. Two foaming solutions with several majority sizes of the air inclusions are used. First, a water butanol solution creates very fine foam. The foam surface is the only measurable reflection. However, it can be distingushed from a refelction at a liquid surface by means of the amplitude. Secondly, a water tenside solution creates fine to coarse foam. The foam surface as well as the liquid surface underneath exhibit a measurable reflection. The finer the foam is, the stronger the reflection at the foam surface and the weaker the reflection at the liquid surface is. Thus, the detection of foam by means of millimeter wave radar measurements is possible.