jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
OT3-01-03: Pre-Surgical Evaluation of the AKT Inhibitor MK-2206 in Patients with Operable Invasive Breast Cancer: New York Cancer Consortium Trial P8740.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: To serve as a bridge between pre-clinical and early clinical testing, pre-surgical studies are being designed to expose patients to a limited duration of an anti-cancer agent before launching a lengthy clinical trial program. In this model, modulation of predictive tissue and serum biomarkers are assessed. At Columbia University, we have completed 3 pre-surgical studies. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway in breast cancer (BC). The first allosteric Akt inhibitor to enter clinical development, MK-2206 is well-tolerated and has demonstrated anti-cancer properties in pre-clinical and early-phase clinical studies. The purpose of this study (NCI P8740) is to determine the effects of MK-2206 on women with newly diagnosed BC between breast biopsy and surgery. Trial Design: Patients (n=30) will receive 2 doses of weekly MK-2206 (200 mg): first dose at day −9 and second at day −2 from surgery. This drug administration consistency will decrease the potential for noise in detecting true biomarker response. This time period was selected based upon the pharmacokinetic profile of weekly MK-2206. The main eligibility criteria for this open-label pre-surgical trial include operable, clinical stage I (at least T1c) to IIIC invasive BC. Patients not considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy are eligible. Specific Aims: Our hypothesis is that MK-2206 will decrease phospho-AktSer473 in tumor tissue after 2 weekly doses. To maintain sample quality and ensure that phospho-Akt evaluated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is comparable across samples (given the 20 minute half life of AKT), all samples will be processed rapidly by a standardized protocol. Secondary objectives include the following in FFPE: modulation of downstream PI3K/Akt pathway signaling [immunohistochemistry and reverse phase-protein microarray analysis (RPPA)]; change in tumor proliferation (Ki-67 staining); and exploration of whether PI3K/Akt signaling change depends upon tumor genetics (PIK3CA mutation or PTEN loss) or expression (Hormone Receptor/HER2 status). Pre- and post-MK-2206 blood will be collected for phospho-expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (RPPA and western blotting). Statistical Methods: With the expectation that 20% of the matched pre- and post-treatment tissue samples will not be analyzable, we will enroll 30 patients to ensure that matched tumor samples from 24 patients are available for our primary analysis. A sample size of 24 patients will yield greater than 90% power to detect a difference in the mean score between pre-and-post treatment samples of 60 units, paired t-test (2-sided, 0.05 significance level). This trial was recently activated by the NCI and currently ready to accrue patients. Patients will be enrolled and treated at affiliated institutions in the New York Cancer Consortium. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-03.
High efficient CuCeO2‐δ/SiO2 catalyst for RWGS reaction: impact of Ce content and loading sequence

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The extensive use of fossil energy leads to wanton emission of CO 2 and serious environmental problems. The exploration of high‐performance catalysts plays a pivotal role in CO 2 resource utilization. In this paper, CuCe y K catalysts are prepared by wet impregnation method using ordered mesoporous SiO 2 as support for the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts are characterized by H 2 ‐TPR, BET, XRD, Quasi in‐situ XPS, H 2 ‐TPD, and CO 2 ‐TPD techniques. The results demonstrate thatthe Cu 0 species can form synergistic effects with oxygen vacancies (O v ) to enhance the CuCe y K catalytic performance. Additionally, the electronic effects between Ce and Cu not only enhances the adsorption and activation performances of the catalyst towards CO 2 and H 2 molecules, but also effectively suppresses the sintering of Cu 0 species, thereby enhancing the stability of the corresponding catalyst. It is worth mentioning that the Ce content also directly affects the catalytic performances of the CuCe y K catalyst. The CuCe 15 K catalyst with a Ce content of 15% displays excellent CO 2 hydrogenation performances, and the CO 2 conversion and CO selectivity up to 41 % and 100 % at 420 °C, respectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and structural identification of new phenolic compounds from Emblica Officinalis fruits

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (=Phyllanthus emblica L.) is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical areas, and has been used in traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurvedic medicine. Our investigation of the constituents led to the isolation of five new compounds from an extract of the fruits. Their chemical structures were determined by spectral and chemical methods. Compound 1 was a new ellagitannin closely related to elaeocarpusin (=ascorgeraniin), which is a condensation product from geraniin and ascorbic acid. Compounds 2-5 were esters of organic acids or glucose with a depsidically linked digalloyl group forming mixtures due to the equilibration between the m- and p-depside linkages.
Changes in Free Amino Acid Composition Caused by Lipid Oxidation in Pulverized Niobshi (Boiled and Dried Anchovy) during Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Niboshi (boiled and dried anchovy) was prepared from fatty and lean raw materias, pulverized, packed in a plastic pouch with and without an oxygen absorber, then stored at 25nd-20°C for 60 days. Lipid oxidation and changes in the free amino acid compositions of the pulverized niboshi duringstorage, were investigated. In the fatty samples, lipid oxidation and brown discoloration significantly occurred during storage at 25°C. At the same time, the contents of the free amino acids such as taurine, glutamine, methionine, histidine, and lysine decreased. In contrast, in the lean sample, lipid oxidation and brown discolorationonly slightly occurred during storage at 25°C. The taurine content remained unchanged during storage.When packed with an oxygen absorber, both the fatty and lean samples were effectively protected fromlipid oxidation during storage, though a brown discoloration developed with decreases in the glutamine and histidine contents. In the case of storage at -20°C, lipid oxidation in both the fatty and lean samples proceeded gradually. However, the brown discoloration was not observed throughout the 60-daystorage. From these results, it was presumed that methionine was decomposed by the action of the lipidperoxides, histidine, lysine, and taurine that reacted with the carbonyl compoundsproduced during the course of oxidative degradation of the lipids to form brown pigments, while glutamine decreased at room temperature.
The Predictability of Analyst Forecast Revisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The most prevalent forecasts of firms’ long-term earnings issued by analysts are 2-year-ahead earnings per share (EPS) estimates. When introduced by analysts, 2-year-ahead EPS estimates set market expectations for firms’ future earnings. Subsequent revisions to these estimates are highly correlated with contemporaneous changes in stock prices. We examine whether such revisions are sufficiently predictable to enable investors to earn abnormal returns on hedged portfolios. We find that analyst forecast revisions are predictable and document an implementable strategy for investors. Consistent with investors’ fixation on unscaled EPS, the strategy earns positive abnormal returns using unscaled EPS revisions but not when revisions are scaled by the level of the EPS estimate or the stock price. Abnormal returns are found for firms with low analyst coverage, consistent with a greater initial mispricing from analyst optimism for firms with poorer information environments.
Bluffing and Waiting: Handling Effects and Post‐Release Immobility in a Death‐Feigning Snake (Natrix natrix)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tonic immobility is a common response of animals to capture by a predator; in some cases, the behaviour is elaborated into death‐feigning. Death‐feigning is usually interpreted as a last‐resort anti‐predator tactic that depends on the predator ceasing or slowing its attack when the prey is apparently dead, thus buying time for the prey to escape if the predator’s attention is directed elsewhere, even momentarily. I tested the effects of different handling regimes on the expression of death‐feigning in the grass snake ( Natrix natrix ). In one test, degree of handling had a significant effect on frequency of death‐feigning in small snakes, with snakes that received more handling feigning death more often. A second test showed that different initial handling regimes also affected the probability of death‐feigning in large snakes, with snakes initially held by the tail feigning death least frequently and those initially held by the head most frequently. Thus, increased apparent threat to a vulnerable part of the body is more likely to result in death‐feigning. It remains to be seen whether death‐feigning can reduce the threat posed by real predators, but immobility is frequently carried over into the post‐release period, during which the animal presumably weighs its chances and awaits an opportunity to escape. Regardless of cause, death‐feigning snakes exhibited significantly more frequent and longer post‐release immobility than did non‐death‐feigning snakes, which typically fled immediately upon release. Overall, small snakes feigned death less frequently than adults and were more likely to flee upon release, suggesting that immobility is a riskier anti‐predator defence strategy for them.
Self-perception of adaptation among homicidally bereaved individuals following a psychoeducational intervention: a UK longitudinal qualitative study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective Research on homicidal bereavement has focused on postloss impact and coping. Less is known about how individuals perceive their adjustment posthomicide. Adverse experiences are likely to leave individuals with an increased risk of developing severe psychological difficulties, such as depression, Post-traumatic stress ( PTSD), anxiety and complicated grief. This study aimed to explore how individuals perceive their change and progression posthomicide and post-psychoeducational intervention. Design Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted both as part of a prospective study and retrospectively to allow for a longer follow-up period. Setting Homicidally bereaved individuals who participated in a residential psychoeducational intervention offered by a national charity (Escaping Victimhood (EV)). Participants Twenty-nine individuals (mainly females) took part: 14 as part of a 6–9-month follow-up (short-term trajectory group (STG) individuals—mean age 45.25) and 15 individuals (long-term trajectory group (LTG) individuals—mean age 48.50), retrospectively, 2 to 5 years postintervention. Results Interviews were analysed using an inductive Thematic Analysis method. Three main themes and nine subthemes emerged, and applied to both groups, as follows: (1) actual changes perceived by the participants (increased understanding, improved coping strategies and positive self-change), (2) barriers to recovery (severe psychological difficulties over time, need for further support, reminders and close relationships with both victim and perpetrator), and finally perceived future progression (living day by day, hope and hopelessness). The only significant differences between the two groups related to the reported self-growth among LTG individuals and the perceived increased informal support among STG individuals by keeping in touch in other EV participants. Conclusion This unique study provides insight into how homicidally bereaved individuals perceive their bereavement paths and helped to identify elements that appear to contribute for their adjustment. Importantly, it has highlighted that positive changes can also be an outcome.
A REVIEW ARTICLE – PANCHAKARMA (DETOXIFICATION) SHODHAN KARMA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Panchakarma is a specialty of Kayachikitsa (medicine). Pancha means "five" and Karma means "action", so Panchakarma means five actions. Panchakarma (five main biopurification therapies) a) Vamana, b) Virechana, c) Basti, d) Nasya, e) Raktastrav. These five procedures serve to cleanse the body internally in the closest possible way. In this article we discuss detoxification related to Ayurvedic Samhita.
Final report of the effectiveness study in Virtual Coach Reaches Out to me project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One out of three persons in our society suffers from social or emotional loneliness. This percentage is even higher in the population of people who suffer from chronic diseases. Loneliness has pervasive effects on mental health but it also has negative effects on physical well-being. The aim of this paper is to present a series of pilot studies evaluating the development of an ambient virtual coaching system. This system, called V2me (Virtual Coach reaches Out to Me) offers a friendship enrichment course for people in need for improving their social network. Several pilot studies were performed with about 50 participants in total who evaluated the system that was developed using a living lab approach. In this approach new health media was developed from a user-centered process that allows frequent iterations of user evaluation and involvement. The paper presents the results of the first five iterations. The reactions on receiving the system and experiences during instruction were increasingly positive over these iterations of the system development phase. Over time the system has passed the user’s choice selection criteria. Participants have been expressing a clear interest for choosing and wanting to use the system in their daily lives. However, the system did not pass the persistent use selection criteria when the system was brought and left for independent use. It appeared that participants did not use it very much during the day as expected. Moreover, participants did not perform all the tasks (i.e., messaging, Skyping) that they were asked to achieve on a daily basis. The final goal of the V2me system, i.e. establishing social relations between elderly persons, was not achieved as well, although this might be due to the limited time space of using the system and its facilities. Given these observation, it is concluded that more iterations in the system development are needed for the system in order to pass the habitual use criteria which is needed for its effectiveness.
MEMAHAMI KONSEP METODOLOGI AL-JARH WA TA’DIL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to dismantle the concept of the al-jarh wa ta'dil methodology easily and as a test tool for assessing hadith narrators in terms of weaknesses (jarh) and also strengths (ta'dil). The research method in this journal is literature study. The studies found in understanding the concept of jarh wa' ta'dil. Among others; first, the urgency of the science of al-jarh wa al-ta'dil as an art in determining whether the category of a narrator's narration can be accepted or rejected. Second, the history of the science of Jahr wa al-ta'dil has grown since the time of the Companions. Third, the techniques and methods of ulama when explaining the behavior of narrators and the conditions of critics (al-jarh wa ta'dil) when evaluating narrators. Fourth, the conception and editorial of Jarh wa al-Ta'dil and its scope.
Characterization of Wafer-Bonded Oxide-Free Silicon with Surfaces Treated with an Ion-Bombardment Procedure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Oxide-free silicon surfaces were obtained using a high-vacuum wafer-bonding system by bombarding silicon wafer surfaces with argon ions. Wafers were subsequently bonded after the ion treatment. Both single wafers and bonded wafers were characterized. The results of argon ions with ion energies varying over one order of magnitude (from a factor of 0.5 to 5 of a baseline energy E0) are presented in this study. It is found that the resulting damage layer thickness increases with increasing ion energy but the layer density is ion-energy independent, which was about 80% of bulk crystalline silicon density. Annealing the bonded samples at 450 °C for short times reduces and for longer times, eliminates the damaged layer at the bonded interface.
Delta Chem: A new geometric approach of porosity for symmetric porous materials

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this supplemental document is to serve as a guide for the installation and use of Delta Chem.The first section is devoted to the details of the installation.The second section is focused on illustrating the different execution options of the program and the structure of the ZIF-20 1 .Then, a summary of possible errors that may occur during the execution of the program and how to solve them is included.While the following parts exposed additional test cases.The final part exposes the potential applications that can be done with Delta Chem. DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL DELTA CHEMThe Delta Chem distribution that contains all the files needed to install the program is hosted on this GitHub repository.(https://github.com/jorgecastro316/Delta_Chem-)These include the Delta Chem source codes, a directory with the .xyzfiles for various test materials, some files required for the program to run, and an executable file.After downloading this distribution, the user has two options:1.Use the executable file.This contains the main script and all the dependencies that the program needs to function.No installation required.
A Man's Blessing or a Woman's Curse? The Family Earnings Gap of Doctors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the size and determinants of the family earnings gap for Australian general practitioners ( GP s). Female GP s with children earn more than $30,000 less than comparable female GP s without children, while male GP s with children earn more than $45,000 more than comparable male GP s without children. The main determinants of the family gap are differences in observable characteristics such as working hours, labor‐force attachment, and demographics, and additionally, for men, entrepreneurship and practice size. A fixed‐effects extension of the analysis confirms both the carer effect of children on female GP s and the breadwinner effect of children on male GP s.
[Arterial hypertension and diabetes in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a 3 year survey concerning diabetes associated with hypertension in 260 diabetic patients at Ouagadougou. This association has been found in 29% of the cases. The patients were male subjects for 57% of them and seventy one more 50 years old. Other vascular risk factors have been observed: obesity (53%), smoking (15%), hyperuricemia (23%). Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were observed respectively in 1% and 1.3% of the cases. Many complications arised during the survey: retinopathy in 51% of the patients, nephropathy for 35% and 12% with renal failure, macroangiopathy in 55% of the patients. The treatment was based on diuretics and calcic inhibitors. The results on the control of blood pressure were excellent but the high cost of this management is an important restrictive factor.
Exogenous calcitonin protects against renal bone disease in rats with early renal failure.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic renal failure was induced in four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral nephrectomy followed by removal of the outer poles and cautery of the remnant kidney. The four groups of animals received isocaloric diets with normal (groups 1 and 4) or low (groups 2 and 3) phosphate contents and variable amounts of calcium. In addition, rats in group 4 were given salmon calcitonin. After 90-160 days the 4 groups of rats had developed comparable levels of chronic renal failure. The serum phosphate values were significantly lower in rats on low phosphate intake than in those on normal phosphate diet. Bone histology was evaluated on tibiae, lumbar vertebrae and ribs. The rats kept on low phosphate diet (groups 2 and 3) had significantly lower frequency of osteomalacia and bone resorption than those fed a normal phosphate diet. Rats treated with calcitonin (group 4) had the lowest frequency of osteomalacia and virtually no association with bone resorption, despite normal phosphate intake. The serum levels of parathyroid hormone were not significantly different in rats in groups 1 and 4 as compared to controls. Serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels were significantly lower in group 1 than in controls and were significantly higher in group 4 than in group 1. These data show that calcitonin effectively prevents bone lesions in rats with early chronic renal failure.
Equality of access to minority language assessments and interventions in immersion education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the Republic of Ireland (RoI), Irish is recognised as the first official language of the state. The public has the right to conduct all business with the state solely through the medium of Irish if they wish. The reality, however, is that many government bodies only provide services in English. This article discusses the language used for assessments and interventions for students with special educational needs (SEN) in Irish-medium (IM) primary and post-primary schools in the RoI. A mixed methods study was conducted, with teachers from schools ( n = 56) completing an online questionnaire at first and then teachers ( n = 32) undertaking semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that students in IM schools are not being afforded access to services in Irish and many challenges exist for these schools when meeting the SEN of students. Recommendations are made around how to strengthen educational policy and practice to enable IM teachers meet the needs of all students.
Constructing the recombinant of pET28a-TAT-LacZ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A synthesized double-stranded oligomeric nucleotide encoding 11-amino acid TAT protein transduction domain3 was inserted into pET28a vector after 6 histidind coding sequence,LacZ gene from pcDNA4/Myc-His/LacZ was digested by EcoRⅠand HindⅢ,then cloned into pET28a-TAT.The highly expressed TAT-β-galactosidase was purified by affinity chromatography.TAT-β-Gal fusion protein can across vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro.This result open new possibility for direcy delivery of protein into tissues for therapy.