jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Renal papillary necrosis cured with endourological treatment].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We recently experienced a case of renal papillary necrosis which we removed by endourological treatment. A 58-year-old female diabetic patient complaining of left flank pain, fever and chills was admitted to our clinic. She had no past history of analgesic abuse or atypical vasculitis. Physical examination revealed a body temperature of 38 degrees C and tenderness in the left costovertebral angle. Pyuria was noted, and urine cultures grew more than 100,000 colonies of Escherichia coli per cubic millimeter. DIP revealed a diminished renal function, hydronephrosis, distorted middle and lower calyces and filling defect in the dilated ureter. However, there was no evidence of obstruction or ureteral reflux. Retrograde pyelography confirmed distortion and irregularity of the calyces and hydronephrosis due to a shadow defect which was movable during radiographic examinations. Laboratory studies revealed anemia, leucocytosis and hyperglycemia, but no elevation of BUN. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as renal papillary necrosis. We succeeded in its endourological removal through nephrostomy with a choledochoscope (Olympus Co.) under epidural anesthesia. After surgery, the patient made a satisfactory recovery.
Facile synthesis of hollow microspherical YPO 4 : Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ using polystyrene spheres as sacrificial template and its photoluminescent properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Monodisperse hollow microspherical YPO 4 :Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ ) with diameters of around 2.5 µm have been successfully synthesised by combining a convenient homogeneous precipitation method, an ion exchange method, and a calcination process for the first time. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterise the samples. Upon ultraviolet excitation, Eu 3+ ‐ and Tb 3+ ‐doped microspherical YPO 4 showed typical red and green emission, respectively, which provide potential applications in bioanalysis, future colour displays, light‐emitting devices, and so on.
The Axe Fight Revisited

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chagnon's analysis of a well-known axe fight in the Yanomamo village of Mishimishibowei-teri (Chagnon and Bugos 1979) is among the earliest empirical tests of kin selection theory for explaining cooperation in humans. Kin selection theory describes how cooperation can be organized around genetic kinship and is a fundamental tool for understanding cooperation within family groups. Previous analysis on groups of cooperative Lamaleran whale hunters suggests that the role of genetic kinship as a principle for organizing cooperative human groups could be less important in certain cases than previously thought (Alvard Human Nature 14:129- 163, 2003b). Evidence that supports a strong role for genetic kinship—groups are found to be more related than expected by chance—may be spurious because of the correlation between social structure and genetic kinship. Reanalysis of Chagnon's data using matrix regression techniques, however, confirms that genetic kinship was the primary organizing principle in the axe fight; affinal relations were also important, whereas lineage identity explained nothing.
Computer interaction using face tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a discipline concerned with the design and implementation of user-interactive computing systems and the study of interaction of humans with these systems. One of the main features of HCI is its human face-tracking capability, which may be applied broadly in various fields such as education, commercial and even gaming applications. The aim of the Final Year Project (FYP) discussed in this thesis is to improve on the efficiency and effectiveness of an existing human face-tracking system under a variety of different face poses for deployment in real-world applications. Due to programming limitations, the system is currently only restricted to near or full-frontal images for successful face recognition.
Regulatory T cells perform antigen specific suppression by depleting cognate peptide-MHC class II via trogocytosis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tregs are professional suppressors of the immune response, yet their mechanism of action in vivo remains unclear. Using electron microscopy and dynamic intravital two-photon microscopy, we revealed that unlike effector T cells, Tregs displayed a distinct morphology with membrane projections that resemble filopodia at the DC binding site increasing the surface area of the contact dramatically. Despite the intense contact with DC, Tregs only abolished the interactions of effector T cells with DC when the effectors shared the same antigen specificity with Tregs. However, this cessation of the effector T cell interactions was not due to a physical hindrance created by the superior binding ability of Treg since the antigen specific inhibition of T cell-DC interaction was still observed after Tregs are removed from the environment. Instead, the antigen-specific inhibition was secondary to the removal of cognate peptide-MHC Class II (pMHCII) from the surface of DC as evidenced by the strictly antigen-specific depletion of the pMHCII from double antigen pulsed DC. pMHCII capture was only performed by antigen specific Treg, not by polyclonal Treg and it was not secondary to the interaction of CTLA-4 with B7 molecules suggesting the functional importance of TCR in Treg suppression. Prominent members of the B7 family, that are not de novo expressed in Tregs, such as CD86, ICOSL and PD-L2 were acquired alongside the TCR, suggestive of a process that includes a membrane transfer event called trogocytosis. Altogether, we propose antigen specific depletion of peptide-MHCII complexes via trogocytosis as a new mechanism for Treg-mediated suppression.
Kinetics of total body retention and clearance of xenon and krypton after inhalation. [/sup 127/Xe, /sup 79/Kr, /sup 85/Kr]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The total body retention of Xe-127 and Kr-79 and their clearance rates following inhalation were measured in vivo. These data are useful for refined Xe-127 dosimetry calculations, to determine the potential radiation hazard of fission product Kr-85, and more generally to study the behavior of anesthetic gases. While data are available on the solubilities and partition coefficients of Xe and Kr in fat, blood, and other individual body constituents, few measurements of their retention and clearance from the entire body have been reported.
Indian–Russian bilateral relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

BRICS emerged in 2006 and since that time mutual relations inside the association became stronger. Despite this, BRICS could not be considered as an association with a significant effect on the international level due to complicated relations between participants, their geopolitical competition, and levels of development. Beginning in 2014 – after Russia had acknowledged Crimea, a peninsula that was a territory of Ukraine, as a territory of the Russian Federation – the U.S.A. and some other countries started to apply sanctions against Russia, which led to trade wars and mutual prohibition of export and import. The partnership with the countries that had previously supplied Russia with goods stopped and India replaced the goods that had been imported into Russia with ones of Indian origin. Since 2014, the higher the volume of damage to Russian economics has been, the more stable bilateral relations between Russia and India are, which is proved by regression analysis. Indian goods are replacing the imported goods of the countries who restricted or stopped the bilateral relations because of sanctions. The objective of the research presented in this chapter is to discover the linear equation that can show the correlation between damage from sanctions to Russian economics and an increase in Indian export to Russia since 2014.
Iteration complexity of first-order augmented Lagrangian methods for convex conic programming

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we consider a class of convex conic programming. In particular, we first propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian (I-AL) method that resembles the classical I-AL method for solving this problem, in which the augmented Lagrangian subproblems are solved approximately by a variant of Nesterov's optimal first-order method. We show that the total number of first-order iterations of the proposed I-AL method for finding an $ε$-KKT solution is at most $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-7/4})$. We then propose an adaptively regularized I-AL method and show that it achieves a first-order iteration complexity $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-1}\logε^{-1})$, which significantly improves existing complexity bounds achieved by first-order I-AL methods for finding an $ε$-KKT solution. Our complexity analysis of the I-AL methods is based on a sharp analysis of inexact proximal point algorithm (PPA) and the connection between the I-AL methods and inexact PPA. It is vastly different from existing complexity analyses of the first-order I-AL methods in the literature, which typically regard the I-AL methods as an inexact dual gradient method.
Optical Properties of a-C:H Films Deposited by Plasma Microwave Discharge with Controlling Substrate Temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films have been deposited in Microwave Multipolar plasma reactor (MMP) using pure acetylene as precursor with controlling substrate temperature. Investigations on the optical properties of deposited films according to the substrate temperature have been reported. It has been observed that the optical band gap decreases and the Csp2 concentration increases when cooling down the substrate temperature. On the other hand, it has been revealed elsewhere that cooling down the substrate temperature during the deposition process, leads to the increase of particles trapped density in the deposited films due to a phenomenon of thermophoresis. Therefore, the optical properties evolution is linked to the increases of particles trapped density in the deposited films.
The Ethiopian developmental state

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ethiopia provides one of the clearest examples of a 'developmental state' in Africa. Drawing on a deeply entrenched experience of statehood, the present Ethiopian regime has embarked on an ambitious programme, depending on the central capture of 'rents', to fund a massive expansion especially in communications, education, and hydroelectricity. High initial rates of growth have been achieved. However, the political setting is tightly constrained and the state has not allowed the private sector freedom of action to generate the required levels of production. Ultimate success will depend on the capacity to transform a state that has itself been central to the development process.
Effects of Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation on Meat Quality and Shelf-Life in Finishing Pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seleium (Se) and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality and shelf-life in finishing pigs. A total of eighty () pigs (74.74 initial BW) were randomly allocated into five treatments with four replications and fed for six weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ISE2 (basal diet+0.2 ppm inorganic Se+100 ppm vitamin E), 3) ISE4 (basal diet+0.4 ppm inorganic Se+100 ppm vitamin E), 4) OSE2 (basal diet+0.2 ppm organic Se+100 ppm vitamin E) and 5) OSE4 (basal diet+0.4 ppm organic Se+100 ppm vitamin E). Cooking loss was decreased in treatment of ISE4 as compared with treatment of CON (p- value) of M. longissimus dorsi was increased in treatment of OSE2 as compared with other treatments after 100 of storage (p- value and TBARS except for cases.
Heidegger’s Reading of Descartes’ Dualism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The problem of traditional epistemology is the relation of subject to external world. The distinction between subject and object makes possible the distinction between the knower and what is known. Starting with Descartes, the subject is a thinking thing that is not extended, and the object is an extended thing which does not think. Heidegger rejects this distinction between subject and object by arguing that there is no subject distinct from the external world of things because Dasein is essentially Being-in-the-world. Heidegger challenges the Cartesian legacy in epistemology in two ways. First, there is the modern tendency toward subjectivism and individualism that started with Descartes' discovery of the 'cogito.' Second, there is the technological orientation of the modern world that originated in the Cartesian understanding of the mathematical and external physical world.
Draft genome and transcriptome analyses of halophyte rice Oryza coarctata provide resources for salinity and submergence stress response factors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction Oryza coarctata is a wild relative of rice that has adapted to diverse ecological environments, including high salinity and submergence. Thus, it can provide an important resource for discovering candidate genes/factors involved in tolerance to these stresses. Here, we report a draft genome assembly of 573 Mb comprised of 8877 scaffolds with N50 length of 205 kb. We predicted a total of 50,562 protein‐coding genes, of which a significant fraction was found to be involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and hormone signal transduction pathways. Several salinity and submergence stress‐responsive protein‐coding and long noncoding RNAs involved in diverse biological processes were identified using RNA‐sequencing data. Based on small RNA sequencing, we identified 168 unique miRNAs and 3219 target transcripts (coding and noncoding) involved in several biological processes, including abiotic stress responses. Further, whole genome bisulphite sequencing data analysis revealed at least 19%–48% methylcytosines in different sequence contexts and the influence of methylation status on gene expression. The genome assembly along with other datasets have been made publicly available at http://ccbb.jnu.ac.in/ory-coar . Altogether, we provide a comprehensive genomic resource for understanding the regulation of salinity and submergence stress responses and identification of candidate genes/factors involved for functional genomics studies.
[Experimental investigation of the neuromediator and water-ion metabolism state under the magnet-laser influence].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

There were studied in experimental investigations the changes of dophamin synthesis in culture of neurons from middle brain (MB) in a newborn rats as well as in the water-ion metabolism in tissues of the rabbits big brain hemispheres and ultrastructure changes in the rabbits synaptic apparatus of the neocortex and MB neurons under the magnet-laser influence (MLI). The signs of intensive synthesis and transport of dophamin, changes of quantitative indices of water-ion metabolism as well as ultrastructural components in synaptic apparatus of neurons have had witnessed about activation of the neuromediator and water-ion metabolism and the MLI. All the abovementioned substantiates the possibility of MLI application in neurosurgery, neurology, traumatology in states, which are accompanied by disorders of the neuromediator and water-ion metabolism for prophylaxis of possible complications and the patients' quality of life improvement.
The Gas Chromatography Analysis and Characterization Research of Pumpkin Seed Oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pumpkin seed oil is extracted by adopting supercritical CO2fluid,determined the physical and chemical ingredients,fatty acid composition and quality characteristics of pumpkin seed oil by Gas chromatography and other methods,The results show that pumpkin seeds contain crude protein 33.28% and crude fat 42.77%;the supercritical CO2 fluid extraction rate of pumpkin seed oil is 90%,that is superior to other extraction methods obviously,pumpkin seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids,linoleic acid accounted for 52.29%;and its acid value is 1.46 mg/g,its peroxide value is 1.62 mmol/kg.
General Solution For Generalised Newell-Whitehead-Segel Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this monograph, two sets of parabolic differential equations are studied, each with nonlinear medium response. The equations are generally referred to as "Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation," which model a wide variety of nonlinear physical, mechanical and biological systems. Nonlinear medium response can be viewed in many perspectives, such as, memory response from the medium, whereby, the medium "remembers" earlier influences; reactive responses, whereby, the medium is actively responsive to input, such as, chemical reactivity, turbulence and many other circumstances; these equations arise often in the biological sciences when modeling population dynamics, whether the population be genomic, such as, alleles, or animal species in the environment; finally, these sets of equations are often employed to model neurological responses from excitable cellular media. The solutions provided are of a very general nature, indeed, whereby, a canonical set of solutions are given for a class of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations with nonlinear medium response expressed as either a p-times iterative convolution or p-times multiplicative response. The advantage of canonical solution sets are these solutions involve classic representative forms, such as, Green's function or Green's heat kernel and aid researchers in further complication, analysis and understanding of the systemic behavior of these types of nonlinear systems.
Ribosome Binding to a 5′ Translational Enhancer Is Altered in the Presence of the 3′ Untranslated Region in Cap-Independent Translation of Turnip Crinkle Virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Plus-strand RNA viruses without 5′ caps require noncanonical mechanisms for ribosome recruitment. A translational enhancer in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) contains an internal T-shaped structure (TSS) that binds to 60S ribosomal subunits. We now report that the 63-nucleotide (nt) 5′ UTR of TCV contains a 19-nt pyrimidine-rich element near the initiation codon that supports translation of an internal open reading frame (ORF) independent of upstream 5′ UTR sequences. Addition of 80S ribosomes to the 5′ UTR reduced the flexibility of the polypyrimidine residues and generated a toeprint consistent with binding to this region. Binding of salt-washed 40S ribosomal subunits was reduced 6-fold when the pyrimidine-rich sequence was mutated. 40S subunit binding generated the same toeprint as 80S ribosomes but also additional ones near the 5′ end. Generation of out-of-frame AUGs upstream of the polypyrimidine region reduced translation, which suggests that 5′-terminal entry of 40S subunits is followed by scanning and that the polypyrimidine region is needed for an alternative function that requires ribosome binding. No evidence for RNA-RNA interactions between 5′ and 3′ sequences was found, suggesting that TCV utilizes an alternative means for circularizing its genome. Combining 5′ and 3′ UTR fragments in vitro had no discernible effect on the structures of the RNAs. In contrast, when 80S ribosomes were added to both fragments, structural changes were found in the 5′ UTR polypyrimidine tract that were not evident when ribosomes interacted with the individual fragments. This suggests that ribosomes can promote an interaction between the 5′ and 3′ UTRs of TCV.
8. Tudor Soldier-Authors and the Art of Military Autobiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the Tudor period English and Welsh soldiers fought extensively in military expeditions in Scotland, Ireland, France and the Low Countries. But until relatively recently the received narrative concerning the degree to which England experienced any sort of significant ‘military revolution’ during the sixteenth century maintained that the nation lagged behind the more militarised countries of continental Europe in both the theory and practice of war. Such a view continues to influence the ways in which historians and critics treat English contributions to what became a substantial literature on the art of war, a vast body of writing in manuscript and print that explored every facet of the logistics, strategies, technology and legality of war. Nearly 200 military books were printed in England during the sixteenth century penned by serving and ex-soldiers, polemicists and scholars of practical disciplines with battlefield applications (like geometry and surgery). Military autobiography – a term grappled with in a moment – formed a modest though nevertheless significant and revealing sub-set of Tudor martial writing. Charles Oman made a prefatory comment in his classic History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century about the perceived lack of ‘any autobiographical record by English military men, till we have arrived at the very end of the Tudor period, when material begins to become abundant from Francis Vere and his less-remembered contemporaries’. Much has been written on French, German and Spanish martial life-writing, most notably Yuval Harari's 2004 monograph on early modern military memoirs, though very little has been said to date about material from the British Isles. The present article endeavours to remedy this and, indeed, will challenge Oman's negative claims about native sources. It examines – for the first time – how a range of sixteenth-century British authors represented war and reflected upon their experiences of combat, and it also looks at the different forms and opportunities of which these figures made use. After discussing the ontology of military autobiography itself, this article offers a critical survey of extant native sources written prior to that moment mentioned by Oman, when Sir Francis Vere began composing his autobiographical Commentaries ( c . 1604).
An eight-branched aortic graft for reconstruction of visceral and intercostal arteries during extent II thoraco-abdominal aortic surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reconstruction of the visceral and intercostal arteries is the most challenging part in the open repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm. For efficient and expeditious reconstruction of these branching vessels, a technique of using a pre-handsewn 8-branch aortic graft (octopod technique) has been adopted. The octopod graft was manually constructed using commercially available two 4-branch aortic grafts that were spatially oriented based on the preoperative computed tomographic images and connected each other prior to surgery. This approach was adopted in 12 open repairs of extent II thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms from 2015 to 2017, including 8 Marfan patients. Median pump and procedural times were 173 (102-207) min and 437 (343-489) min, respectively. There was no operative mortality or spinal cord injury. The octopod technique for open thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair showed excellent early results with high procedural efficiency.