jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Essential oils with antimicrobial properties formulated in lipid nanoparticles: Review of the state of the art

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter discusses the main essential oils obtained from plants, which are recognized to have antimicrobial activity, highlighting the recent nanotechnological advances in lipid nanoparticles to improve the loading of antimicrobials and their therapeutic effects. The literature reports the antimicrobial activity of several essential oils, showing activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils is focused on the treatment of strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. Several studies have reported the antimicrobial activity of essential oils Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Artemisia santonica, Zataria multiflora. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are composed of physiological lipids, with a diameter ranging between 1 nm and 1000 nm. Liposomes may be used to load essential oils to protect them against degradation and improve solubilization. Nanoemulsions have been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries to load essential oils. The selection of the most appropriate system depends on the physicochemical properties of the essential oil compounds and administration route.
Student Numbers and Funding: Does Robbins Add Up?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores how the R obbins R eport's recommendations for a massive expansion in higher education alongside a comprehensive system of student financial support, both financed by the public purse, came about and were translated into policy. It argues that these policies, including the R obbins principle, the desire for expanding educational opportunities plus the R eports' emphasis upon the public and social benefits of higher education, can only be understood within the context of the W elfare S tate and the values and ideas enshrined in its post‐war development. In addition, the article examines some of the R obbins R eports' projections about the number of student places demanded and compares these with the actual number of students enrolled, highlighting the changes in the composition of the student body overtime. It concludes by exploring issues concerning student funding and highlights the shifts in thinking about the role of higher education, who benefits and so who pays; changes associated with the end of the post‐war consensus about the W elfare S tate.
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Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

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The development of Transcultural Competence in a multilingual and multicultural univesity classroom: A case study from a social interaction perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With a social interaction perspective, this research investigates the development of Transcultural Competence in a multi-dimensionally internationalized university classroom. Adopting a mixed-method approach and a longitudinal design, it aims to explore if, and to what extent, first-year undergraduates increase their Transcultural Competence – as regards attitudes, sensitivity, and identity – during one academic year and to determine the impact of in-class intercultural social networks in such a process. Results reveal that the internationalized environment per se does not foster the development of Transcultural Competence; still, students from the multi-dimensionally internationalized classroom show a higher degree of Transcultural Competence than those in lesser internationalized ones. Moreover, meaningful, intimate intercultural interactions are crucial in such a development, and they may happen spontaneously if students enact their agency. The intercultural experience emerges as highly individual, and five patterns of the interaction between intercultural relationships and Transcultural Competence are detected. This study joins the call for widespread intercultural education and the implementation of interventions in this respect.
Advances in Atopic Dermatitis Treatment: From Pathogenesis to Natural Product‐Based Therapies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD), a widespread and chronic inflammatory skin disorder, profoundly affects patients' quality of life, imposes significant psychological strain, and adds to the public health burden. Recent studies have shown that AD is characterized by complex interactions between multiple signaling pathways and targets, including allergies, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and their interactions. This complex pathogenesis poses challenges for effective treatment but also contributes to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of novel therapeutic drugs, which have important clinical significance. This review delves into the pathogenesis of AD in recent years and explores the therapeutic potential of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, glycosides, and other natural products (NPs). Specifically, it explores how NPs correct immune cell subpopulation imbalance, regulate keratinocyte function, and reduce mast cell activation and cytokine secretion. These therapeutic effects are promoted by regulating pathways such as NF‐κB, IgE‐FcεRI, MAPK, and JAK/STAT. Future research should design new compounds with therapeutic potential based on the structure of NPs and focus on pharmacological experiments and clinical trials.
Intelligent Risk Assessment of Banking Services in the Transition to a Digital Economy Using the Example of Banks in Tajikistan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The digitalization of the banking sector, which consists of the use of digital tools in banking services, takes banks and other financial institutions to a new level of development.The most important component of digital technologies is intelligent model that reduce the role of people in making various decisions in any banking activity.Risk assessment in the provision of banking services to a client is the most important business process of any commercial bank.The problem of assessing the quality of the borrower in the context of digitalization of the activities of financial institutions goes to a different level, as traditional sources of customer data become insufficient.As part of this work, it is proposed to build a digital model for assessing the class of the borrower, on the one hand, based on fuzzy management technologies, and on the other, on data mining using the SAP cloud system.The proposed model allows you to rank borrowers by quality, distributing them by class.The article shows the economic efficiency of the constructed integrated model based on the data of the commercial bank of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Analysis of the Activities of the Website “Question and Answer about Radiation in Daily Life” after the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and Some Lessons Learned from It

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, artificial radionuclides such as radioactive cesium and iodine were released into the environment. It caused great anxiety not only in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station but also in other regions of Japan. Some members of the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) which is a leading academic society in Japan in the field of radiation protection volunteered to establish the website called "Question and Answer about radiation in Daily Life" just after the accident to reduce the anxiety of the residents about the health effects of radiation. After that, Committee of "Question and Answer about radiation in Daily Life" was established in August 2011 in JHPS, and this activity had been carried out under the responsibility of the society that answered with sincerity against questions from the public as specialists until February 2013. The number of questions on the website had gradually decreased as time passed; therefore, the Committee members decided to end these activities in February 2013. In this paper, following contents were shown; the activities of the Q&A website for about two years, the issues of the stance on our activities, the information related to the website activities and the analysis of Twitter data. Based on the experience and the knowledge obtained from these activities, the issues and experiences that can be utilized in the initial response to emergencies for radiation protection experts as well as other fields are presented.
Specific and Nonspecific Responses in the Bioassay of Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Specific and Nonspecific Responses in the Bioassay of Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS) Get access INDER J. CHOPRA, INDER J. CHOPRA 1Department of Medicine, Harbor General Hospital Torrance, California; UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DAVID H. SOLOMON, DAVID H. SOLOMON 1Department of Medicine, Harbor General Hospital Torrance, California; UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar NATALIE P. LIMBERG NATALIE P. LIMBERG 1Department of Medicine, Harbor General Hospital Torrance, California; UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 31, Issue 4, 1 October 1970, Pages 382–390, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-31-4-382 Published: 01 October 1970 Article history Received: 09 March 1970 Published: 01 October 1970
The Output Feedback H∞ Control Design for the Linear Stochastic System Driven by Both Brownian Motion and Poisson Jumps: A Nonlinear Matrix Inequality Approach

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We extend the output feedback H ∞ control approaches to the stochastic system including P oisson jumps. In this model, both the control and exogenous disturbance simultaneously enter the volatility and jumps. By completing square methods, a nonlinear matrix inequality is used for solving such problems to give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a compensator.
Essential Oils of Alpinia vietnamica Rhizomes and Leaves: Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity, α-Glucosidase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking Approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Alpinia is a big genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. The plants of this genus are generally aromatic due to their essential oils. The current study aims to identify chemical compositions in the rhizome and leaf oils of Alpinia vietnamica H.Đ. Trần, Luu & Škorničk. Methods: Essential oils of A vietnamica rhizomes and leaves obtained by hydrodistillation were investigated by the gas chromatography–flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry (GC–FID/MS) analysis. A vietnamica essential oils have been subjected to cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. The protein interactions of the major compounds were viewed by molecular docking study. Results: In general, monoterpene hydrocarbons (60.4%-62.5%) and their oxygenated derivatives (18.1%-29.0%) were the main chemical classes of the rhizome and leaf oils. In the meantime, 1,8-cineole (25.7%-29.0%), β-pinene (12.8%-21.3%), geraniol (9.0%-15.2%), and α-pinene (6.1%-7.5%) can be seen as the main compounds. A vietnamica essential oils showed cytotoxicity toward four cancer cell lines KB, Hep-G2, Lu-1, and MCF-7 with IC 50 values of 82.39 to 254.1 µg/mL. Significantly, the leaf oil (IC 50 115.18 µg/mL) was better than the standard compound acarbose (IC 50 156.68 µg/mL) in the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The results of molecular docking simulation suggested that 1,8-cineole, geraniol, α-pinene, and β-pinene could generate a similar inhibition (binding affinities) with acarbose, and the hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions played contributory roles in the binding to α-glucosidase enzyme. Conclusion: Further phytochemical investigations on this species, especially chromatographic separations to isolate bioactive metabolites, are needed. As well, pharmacological experiments are welcome since the current study is the first result.
Offshoring IT Services: Influencing Factors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A growing number of American companies have embraced offshore outsourcing (offshoring) of services. More recently, offshoring has expanded to include more sophisticated and advanced activities like research, design, engineering, and product development. Few empirical studies have been conducted on the forces driving offshoring in the Information Technology (IT) sector. The theoretical frameworks explaining the increase in globalization have often neglected the service sector – now accounting for a significant proportion of global trade volume. In this study, the authors partially address this gap by investigating factors that influence offshoring decisions made by IT managers in the United States.
New drugs for schizophrenia: an update for family physicians.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prognosis in patients with schizophrenia is worsened the longer the duration of psychosis before institution of effective antipsychotic therapy and the greater the number of psychotic relapses. Use of traditional antipsychotic medications has been limited by their substantial side effects and failure to achieve long-term control of symptoms in some cases. New "atypical" antipsychotic drugs show promise for the treatment of resistant cases of schizophrenia and improvement in patient tolerance and compliance. These medications have been more successful than traditional antipsychotic drugs in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as social withdrawal and apathy. The atypical antipsychotic drugs produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects and no tardive dyskinesia or dystonia. However, they are associated with induction of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and clozapine can produce fatal agranulocytosis. Atypical antipsychotic drugs on the market currently include clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine. Use of these medications in selected patients who do not benefit from, or cannot tolerate, traditional agents is an important step in improving the lives of patients with schizophrenia.
Data from A Potent <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Efficacy of Novel Recombinant Type I Interferon

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Antiproliferative, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities of endogenous type I IFNs (IFN1) prompt the design of recombinant IFN1 for therapeutic purposes. However, most of the designed IFNs exhibited suboptimal therapeutic efficacies against solid tumors. Here, we report evaluation of the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antitumorigenic activities of a novel recombinant IFN termed sIFN-I.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We compared primary and tertiary structures of sIFN-I with its parental human IFNα-2b, as well as affinities of these ligands for IFN1 receptor chains and pharmacokinetics. These IFN1 species were also compared for their ability to induce JAK–STAT signaling and expression of the IFN1-stimulated genes and to elicit antitumorigenic effects. Effects of sIFN-I on tumor angiogenesis and immune infiltration were also tested in transplanted and genetically engineered immunocompetent mouse models.</p><p><b>Results:</b> sIFN-I displayed greater affinity for IFNAR1 (over IFNAR2) chain of the IFN1 receptor and elicited a greater extent of IFN1 signaling and expression of IFN-inducible genes in human cells. Unlike IFNα-2b, sIFN-I induced JAK–STAT signaling in mouse cells and exhibited an extended half-life in mice. Treatment with sIFN-I inhibited intratumoral angiogenesis, increased CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell infiltration, and robustly suppressed growth of transplantable and genetically engineered tumors in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These findings define sIFN-I as a novel recombinant IFN1 with potent preclinical antitumorigenic effects against solid tumor, thereby prompting the assessment of sIFN-I clinical efficacy in humans. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2038–49. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Cavity-enhanced light–matter interaction in Vogel-spiral devices as a platform for quantum photonics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Enhancing light–matter interactions on a chip is of paramount importance for classical and quantum photonics, sensing, and energy harvesting applications. Several photonic geometries have been developed, allowing high extraction efficiencies, enhanced light–matter interactions, and control over the spontaneous emission dynamics of solid-state quantum light sources. To this end, a device geometry resilient to nanofabrication imperfections, providing high-quality light confinement and control over the emitted light properties, would be desirable. We demonstrate that aperiodic arrangements, whose geometry is inspired by natural systems where scattering elements are arranged following Fibonacci series, represent a platform for enhancing the light–matter interaction in on-chip nanophotonic devices, allowing us to achieve efficient visible light confinement. We use optically active defect centers in silicon nitride as internal light sources to image and characterize, by means of microphotoluminescence spectroscopy, the individual optical modes confined by photonic membranes with Vogel-spiral geometry. By studying the statistics of the measured optical resonances, in combination with rigorous multiple scattering theory, we observe lognormal distributions and report quality factors with values as high as 2201 ± 443. Our findings improve the understanding of the fundamental physical properties of light-emitting Vogel-spiral systems and show their application to active nanophotonic devices. These results set the basis for further development of quantum devices that leverage the unique properties of aperiodic Vogel spiral order on a chip, including angular momentum states, thus producing mode structures for information processing and communications.
Standards-based vs. self-improvement excellence in Israeli education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education policies claiming to promote ‘excellence’ aim to improve outcomes in various quantitative measures of specific standards. However, excellence can also mean individual self-improvement. We analyse Israeli policies at the national, local, and school levels. We structure our argument based on sensemaking theory by applying qualitative content analysis to the texts of Director General Circulars of the Ministry of Education, local educational authority regulations, and local school-based programmes and procedures. We also conduct inductive and thematic analyses of interviews with senior actors at the three levels. We show that national policies mainly support outcomes-based forms of excellence, while local authorities and school principals play a prominent role in sensemaking and interpretation of these national policies by determining which of the outcomes-based or self-improvement notions of ‘excellence’ their schools will promote. This is specifically important in schools serving low socio-economic populations, where customisation of excellence promoting policies is vital.
Eoin Colfer: Ireland ★ Author

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Eoin ColferIreland ★ Author Samantha Christensen Eoin Colfer (pronounced Owen) was inspired to write while he was still in primary school when he learned about Viking history. He was born in 1965 in Wexford in the South-East coast of Ireland, a town founded by the Vikings. His mother was a drama teacher and his father a primary school teacher, historian, and artist, so it is perhaps not surprising that he grew up with a love for the arts, an interest in history and a desire to teach. In Dublin, Colfer earned his Bachelor of Education Degree and after graduation returned to Wexford to be a primary school teacher. From 1992 to 1996, Colfer and his wife worked in Saudi Arabia, Italy, and Tunisia, where he got his inspiration for his first novel, Benny and Omar, which was published in 1998 and won the White Raven Award. The following year Colfer wrote a sequel, Benny and Babe, which was the first of three of his books that have been shortlisted for the 2000 Bisto Book of the Year Award, signaling the beginning of Colfer’s career as a critically acclaimed author. Colfer has gone on to write 26 books, published in languages and countries from all over the world. He has won numerous awards, including the WH Smith People’s Choice Award, the Irish World Literature Award, and the British Book Awards Children’s Book of the Year, among others. In 2009 he was honored to be commissioned to write the sixth installment of Douglas Adam’s world famous The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy saga, And Another Thing… Artemis Fowl is probably the most famous of Eoin Colfer’s books and characters, and has played a huge part of his launch to literary superstardom. It is being developed into a film by Miramax, an obvious transition as the novels’ engaging plot and the fast-paced tenor of the book are perfectly suited for the film industry. Moreover, these fast and funny plots are matched by Colfer’s humorous and witty style of writing. He deals with difficult topics such as death, morality, poverty, and cultural differences in a way that is not overbearing, but accessible and palateable. It is this appeal that makes Eoin Colfer one of the forefront writers in his field, and one of Ireland’s bestselling children’s authors. Selected Publications Benny and Omar. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1998. Google Scholar The Wish List. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 2000. Google Scholar Artemis Fowl. New York: Viking, 2001. Google Scholar The Legend of Spud Murphy. London: Puffin, 2004. Google Scholar Airman. London: Puffin, 2008. [End Page 31] Google Scholar Copyright © 2012 Bookbird, Inc