jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
(Epi)genetic and biochemical determinants of methotrexate-induced oral mucositis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently occurring type of cancer in childhood affecting 120 – 130 patients per year in The Netherlands. High-dose Methotrexate (HD-MTX) is an important component of pediatric ALL treatment. Children with ALL receiving HD-MTX and folinic acid rescue (Leucovorin – LV) therapy show a large interpatient variety in pharmacokinetics of MTX and the occurrence of side effects. Better understanding of this heterogeneous response would aid in developing more personalized therapy regimens. Despite administration of LV rescue therapy, 20% of patients develop severe MTX-induced oral mucositis leading to treatment delays and an impaired quality of life. In this thesis, we aimed to determine both the role of several (epi)genetic and biochemical determinants of HD-MTX induced oral mucositis as well as to elucidate the role of folinic acid. We showed that when it comes to determinants of MTX-induced oral mucositis, genetic polymorphisms do not seem to play a large and clinically relevant role in the development of MTX-induced oral mucositis. We showed in an in vitro model the first preclinical data that patients might benefit from earlier start of LV or a pre-treatment before start of HD-MTX with local LV to reduce oral mucositis. Based on our observation that LV is able to restore the intracellular folate pool after HD-MTX treatment, we would plead for a reserved use of extra, increased or prolonged doses of systemic LV outside of current standard protocols as treatment efficacy may potentially be affected.
Automated Assembly Fixture Drilling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A five-axis, automated assembly drilling fixture was fabricated and implemented in production to drill and countersink holes in aerospace hardware using a movable gantry adapted to an existing A-6E wing outer panel assembly fixture. The drill head, vertical gantry, fluidic controls, and drive systems were designed and fabricated early in the program. Several nosepiece configurations, a normality sensor, and two counter-balance systems were tested evaluated. Operating parameters for the system were established. Drilling tests were performed on aluminum, titanium, and graphite/epoxy workpiece using high- speed steel and carbide drill/countersink cutters.
Rapid detection of betanodavirus presence in sea bass (lates calcrifer) based on RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Betanodavirus are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in cultured marine fish, as Sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The aims of current study toward in establishing the rapid method to detect the presence of Betanodavirus in Sea bass. A total of 30 death aquarium Sea bass, which were collected from Ben Tre province, Vung Tau province and positive control which confirmed within viral nervous necrosis, were enrolled into present study. Initially, we were successful in primers designed, which were also confirmed the specificity to Betanodavirus and sensitivity which reached at least 103 copies/ml. Finally, we successfully adopted rapid detection of Betanodavirus presence based on RT-PCR. As the results, 3 of 30 cases were positive to Betanodavirus. Then, the results were confirmed by sequencing and the similarity was showed. Therefore, in further study, it will be continuous in detecting the presence of Betanodavirus in various kinds of fishery samples.
Acoustic and Semantic Enhancements for Children With Cochlear Implants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose In this study, the authors examined how signal clarity interacts with the use of sentence context information in determining speech-in-noise recognition for children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing. Method One hundred and twenty sentences in which the final word varied in predictability (high vs. low semantic context) were produced in conversational and clear speech. Nine children with cochlear implants and 9 children with normal hearing completed the sentence-in-noise listening tests and a standardized language measure. Results Word recognition in noise improved significantly for both groups of children for high-predictability sentences in clear speech. Children with normal hearing benefited more from each source of information compared with children with cochlear implants. There was a significant correlation between more developed language skills and the ability to use contextual enhancements. The smaller context gain in clear speech for children with cochlear implants is in accord with the effortfulness hypothesis (McCoy et al., 2005) and points to the cumulative effects of noise throughout the processing system. Conclusion Modifications of the speech signal and the context of the utterances through changes in the talker output hold substantial promise as a communication enhancement technique for both children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing.
Properties of hard tungsten films prepared by sputtering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structure and properties of sputtered tungsten films up to 28 μm in thickness are reported. Hardnesses of more than 1700 kg/mm2 have been obtained for these films, this being several times the value of bulk tungsten. It has been found that hardness can be varied by changing the pressure, bias voltage, or power during sputtering. The hardness of these films is approximately constant with temperature up to 500 °C, in contrast to the hardness of bulk tungsten which decreases with temperature. Grain size has been estimated from the line broadening of x-ray diffraction peaks and by transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that hardness and grain size follow the Hall–Petch relationship.
Crisis, what crisis? Conceptualizing crisis, UK pluri-constitutionalism and Brexit politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Has Brexit has triggered a constitutional crisis? Crisis is one of a family of concepts, including tipping points, catastrophic equilibrium and failure, identifying it as a decisive moment for overcoming contradictions and ambiguities. Across multiple UK levels – the whole state, constituent nations and different legal jurisdictions – even in ‘normal times’ the constitution has been marked by both a dominant ‘Anglo-British imaginary and territorial ambiguities. Drawn into political debate, these ambiguities became sources of basic constitutional instability during Theresa May’s premiership. Although May avoided full-blown constitutional crisis, one may yet come. Equally, she did oversee basic constitutional change, not necessarily in the form of crisis. Brexit, Crisis, UK constitution, pluri-constitutionalism, Anglo-British imaginary, devolution
Potassium Titanate Whisker/Graphene Multi-Dimensional Fillers to Improve the Wear Resistance of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To improve the tribological performance of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), a potassium titanate whisker/graphene multi-dimensional hybrid filler was proposed. Hybrid fillers with one-dimensional (1D) potassium titanate whiskers and two-dimensional (2D) graphene nanosheets in different ratios were fabricated using direct mixing and grafting methods. The potassium titanate whiskers and graphene nanosheets are an excellent combination, as confirmed by SEM and FTIR. Furthermore, PEEK/hybrid filler composites with different mass percentages of fillers were prepared and investigated systematically. It was found that introducing multi-dimensional hybrid PTWs–GNPs (volume ratio 1:3) fillers led to the wear rate being as low as 3.214 × 10−6 mm3N−1m−1, reduced by 60% compared with pure PEEK. In addition, the wear mechanism of PEEK composites was also investigated. The results demonstrate the superior tribological properties of the PEEK composites with multi-dimensional hybrid PTWs–GNPs fillers.
Effect of FTY720 (fingolimod) on graft survival in renal transplant recipients: a systematic review protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Studies have shown that FTY720 has inconsistent effects in kidney transplant recipients. Several review articles on FTY720 have been published, but most have focused on the mechanism of action of FTY720. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate and determine the beneficial and harmful effects of FTY720 therapy in kidney transplant recipients. Methods and analysis We electronically searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Any clinical, randomised controlled trials relating to FTY720 for treating kidney transplant recipients were included without publication status or language restriction. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of study quality were performed independently by two researchers. Data were synthesised by either the fixed effects or the random effects model according to a heterogeneity test. If the extracted data were suitable for meta-analysis, STATA software was used to combine the relative risks for dichotomous outcomes, and the mean differences for continuous outcomes with 95% CIs were measured. Death, loss of function and incidence of acute kidney rejection were assessed as the primary outcomes. Renal graft function, malignancy, delayed graft function and infection were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Ethics/dissemination This review does not require formal ethics approval because the data are not individualised. The resulting review article will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number CRD42015024648.
Treatment Outcomes of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Elderly: A Retrospective Study over 7 Years (2003-2009).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elderly patients of all ages should positively receive curative treatment. We suppose that concomitant chemotherapy is not acceptable in elderly patients. The 5-CSS of the curative treatment category in the old-old patients was significantly lower than in the young-old patients.
Multidisciplinary projects for Engineering, Business Administration and Design programs: Construction and mapping of common skills through an analysis instrument

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In Brazil the Engineering, Business Administration and Design courses have, each one of them, a list of own competences, or skills, that are established on the curricular guidelines by Ministry of Education, to be developed by students along the course. This is not a closed list, and specific competences attending specifics courses demands can be included, in order to training students with innovative and current profile. The engineering courses guidelines point out that students need to be trained with active learning strategies putting them as protagonists of their training and, besides this, courses need to make use of projects to develop the soft skills desirable in this training. To achieve an integrative approach, an institution created a new curriculum in which the students of these three courses interact in multidisciplinary projects. This approach has with bases the innovation tripod supporting the collaboration of the students of these three courses, aiming training them to a global scenario that claims professional’s broad vision. Each multidisciplinary project is developed in an academic semester and the students need to enrol in two projects per semester. In this context emerged the need of a convergent list of competences that translate the competences of these three courses, without lose the essence of each one. This paper presents the process of building this unique list of competences, for training professionals with an updated and innovative profile. From this, a survey was carried out to gather information on the competences developed in these projects. The research method was the documental analysis for the creation of the list of competences. To survey the competences that are offered in the projects, a questionnaire sent to the instructors was used. The list of competences allowed the creation of an activity plan, in which they declare the competences that will be developed by students, ensuring the management of the learning process.
Alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and the diagnosis of painful crisis in sickle cell anaemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the value of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH) in the diagnosis of painful crisis (PC) of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), we studied plasma enzyme levels in 55 children with HbSS and 21 control subjects with haemoglobin genotype AA. In 21 children with SCA, mean plasma alpha-HBDH was 373.8 +/- 113.5 micrograms/l during PC and during steady state in 34 children, it was 341.2 +/- 103.4 micrograms/l. These values were significantly higher than that of 128 +/- 19.5 micrograms/l obtained in control subjects. However, the difference between mean plasma alpha-HBDH levels in SCA children in PC and in steady state was 32.6 micrograms/l, t = 1.095; P < 0.2. There was no correlation between alpha-HBDH levels and reticulocyte counts (r = 0.0856; t = 0.4565; 0.7 < P < 0.6). The high levels of alpha-HBDH in patients with SCA is probably due to chronic haemolysis and not marrow infarction. Therefore, alpha-HBDH is of doubtful value in the diagnosis of painful crisis.
Testing the automaticity of an attentional bias towards predictive cues in human associative learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is well established that associative learning, such as learning new cue–outcome pairings, produces changes in attention: cues that are good predictors of relevant outcomes become prioritised compared with those that are non-predictive or redundant. However, there is controversy about whether such a learnt attentional bias results from a controlled orientation of attention, or whether it can be involuntary in nature. In three experiments, participants learned that cues of certain colours were predictive or non-predictive, and we assessed attention to cues using a dot-probe task. On dot-probe trials, participants were instructed to control attention by orienting towards a cue of a certain shape (target), while trying to ignore another cue (distractor). Although the colours of the cues were critical for the associative learning task, they were irrelevant for the dot-probe task. The results show that, even though participants’ controlled attention was focused on the target shape (as evident in response times and accuracy data), response times to the probe were slower (Experiments 1 and 2) and error rates were higher (Experiments 2 and 3) when the distractor was of a (previously) predictive colour. These data suggest that attention was captured involuntarily by the predictive value of the distractor, despite this being counterproductive to the task goal.
Super-resolution Wide-field Imaging: Objective-launched Standing Wave Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Standing wave total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy is a wide-field super-resolution technique with PSF FWHM better than 1/5 of emission wavelength. An enhanced lateral resolution is demonstrated in objective-launched geometry by imaging cellular actin cytoskeleton.
Anisotropy effects in magnetic hyperthermia: A comparison between spherical and cubic exchange-coupled FeO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Spherical and cubic exchange-coupled FeO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, with different FeO:Fe3O4 ratios, have been prepared by a thermal decomposition method to probe anisotropy effects on their heating efficiency. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the nanoparticles are composed of FeO and Fe3O4 phases, with an average size of ∼20 nm. Magnetometry and transverse susceptibility measurements show that the effective anisotropy field is 1.5 times larger for the cubes than for the spheres, while the saturation magnetization is 1.5 times larger for the spheres than for the cubes. Hyperthermia experiments evidence higher values of the specific absorption rate (SAR) for the cubes as compared to the spheres (200 vs. 135 W/g at 600 Oe and 310 kHz). These observations point to an important fact that the saturation magnetization is not a sole factor in determining the SAR and the heating efficiency of the magnetic nanoparticles can be improved by tuning their effective anisotropy.
Galvanic removal of metallic wrought iron from marine encrustations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Historic shipwrecks frequently contain a large proportion of wrought-iron tools, fasteners, and other types of artefacts. Encrustations readily form around such objects in many marine environments. Depending on many factors, the iron objects inside these encrustations may be well preserved, completely disintegrated, or poorly preserved but still present. The latter type of encrustation is every conservator's nightmare because removing the encrustation yields merely a poorly preserved artefact still in need of extensive additional conservation. Neatly separating the artefact from its encrustation in order to obtain a natural mould for casting is generally impossible. Having encountered this problem many times, the authors began to experiment with the extraction of metallic iron from poorly preserved encrusted artefacts using galvanic dissolution. Data on rates of dissolution were gathered for three experimental configurations. The results of a test conducted on an encrusted artefact were promising, but inconclusive.
Effect of Mechanical Properties of Outer Hair Cell Lateral Wall on Cell Motility

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent experiments have shown that the isolated outer hair cell (OHC) can elongate and contract in response to an electrical stimulation. In vivo, the OHC receptor potential in response to acoustic stimulation would drive OHC length changes, and it is estimated that the OHC motility exerts force on the basilar membrane. This OHC motility is suggested to be due to the deformation of the motor protein which distributes along the OHC lateral wall, and the mechanical properties of the OHC lateral wall and the distribution of the motor protein might affect the motility and force production of the OHC. In this stufy, in order to make the effects mentioned above clear, the OHC is modeled as a shell membrane, in which the conformational change of the motor protein is considered, and numerical calculations are carried out.
Rupture of the penis. Report on one patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To report a case of rupture of the penis and its surgical treatment. Setting: Second level health care hospital. Design: Description of the case. Description of the case: A 25 years old patient with rupture of the penis of 6 hours evolution that required surgical treatment. Recovery was satisfactory without complications or esthetical or functional sequelae. Conclusion: Rupture of the penis is a rare lesion; notwithstanding, its anatomopathological and clinical manifestations are well defined. Early surgical repair of the penile lesion has become the most accepted treatment in the last decades, offering excellent functional results and decreasing hospital stay significantly.
Cognitive Development Task Battery for Class I Primary School Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the context of a large research project aimed at improving primary school education in Pakistan by understanding cognitive development of Pakistani children, a battery of cognitive developmental tasks was evolved. The initial battery consisted of five tasks, namely, correspondence, seriation, conservation of length, conservation of liquid and classification. After a brief introduction to Piagetian theory and methodology sample and procedure for development of tasks and data collection is described. Data analytical method for assessing the performance of the task battery has been described in detail. Item facilities, item analysis and discrimination analysis are reported. The results indicate that the task battery is a respectable research tool for assessing cognitive developmental levels of class I primary school children of Pakistan. Description of tasks along with their scoring rules is included in Appendix.
A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Climate Existing in System Program Offices in Different Phases of the Weapon System Acquisition Process.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational climate is a relatively new concept that has come upon the social research scene. It can be conceptualized as the sum of all the different perceptions individuals in an organization have with respect to the organization. This study attempted to measure and assess the prevailing organizational climate in System Program Offices (SPOs) in different phases of the weapon system acquisition process. The researchers were interested in determining if organizational climate differed in different phases of weapon system acquisition.
EFFECT OF HERBAL SUPPLEMENT ON GROWTH RESPONSE AND FAECAL EGG COUNTS OF COCKERELS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study was carried out on 180 day-old cockerels to determine their growth response and faecal egg counts to herbal supplement administration. The birds were brooded and allotted to four treatment groups of 45 birds with three replicates of 15 birds each. The experimental treatment was based on the frequency of administration of the herbal supplement: Control, Weekly, Fortnightly, and every three weeks. Data on growth response and microbial counts were taken. Data obtained were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomised Design. Herbal supplement had significant (P 0.05) influenced by herbal supplement except Feed: Gain and average weight gain. The best Feed: Gain value and average weight gain was obtained in birds administered the herbal supplement weekly (treatment 2). Conclusively, herbal supplement (extracts) can serve and be used as antibiotic alternatives in poultry for better performance and utilization of feed in terms of feed: gain and weight gain particularly to control the growth of harmful bacteria.
Tame topology of arithmetic quotients and algebraicity of Hodge loci

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we prove the following results: $1)$ We show that any arithmetic quotient of a homogeneous space admits a natural real semi-algebraic structure for which its Hecke correspondences are semi-algebraic. A particularly important example is given by Hodge varieties, which parametrize pure polarized integral Hodge structures. $2)$ We prove that the period map associated to any pure polarized variation of integral Hodge structures $\mathbb{V}$ on a smooth complex quasi-projective variety $S$ is definable with respect to an o-minimal structure on the relevant Hodge variety induced by the above semi-algebraic structure. $3)$ As a corollary of $2)$ and of Peterzil-Starchenko's o-minimal Chow theorem we recover that the Hodge locus of $(S, \mathbb{V})$ is a countable union of algebraic subvarieties of $S$, a result originally due to Cattani-Deligne-Kaplan. Our approach simplifies the proof of Cattani-Deligne-Kaplan, as it does not use the full power of the difficult multivariable $SL_2$-orbit theorem of Cattani-Kaplan-Schmid.