jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[A controlled study of irrational interpretations of intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

OCD patients reported more frequent intrusive thoughts and higher irrational interpretations than controls. The higher the intrusive thoughts, the higher the irrational interpretations. The multiple regression showed that both intrusive thoughts and irrational interpretations were respectively predicted by obsessional compulsive pathology (the Obsessive Thoughts Checklist or the Y-BOCS). The Y-BOCS was the only predictor for inferiority interpretation, but there was no significant predictor for responsibility or for guilt interpretations. Responsibility correlated only with aggressive intrusive thoughts. Guilt was related to intrusions about fear of loss. Inferiority was highly correlated with intrusive thoughts about perfectionism and sexuality.
Canadian Trends in Estimated Pharmaceutical Drug Purchases and Projections: 2023

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 2021, our group presented the first forecast of trends in the Canadian pharmaceutical market. The goal was to identify factors that may influence future spending to support public and private decision-makers in predicting the growth of national drug purchases. This report is the first annual update of estimated pharmaceutical drug purchases in Canada for 2022–2023. We conducted a time series analysis of annual estimated pharmaceutical drug purchases across Canada between 2001 and 2021 using IQVIA’s Canadian Drugstore and Hospital Purchases Audit, calculated total estimated purchases and relative percentage change annually for the retail and hospital sectors, and forecasted annual spending to 2023. Total drug purchases for 2021 were approximately $35.4 billion, 8.3% higher than in 2020 (7.3% growth in the retail sector; 12.4% growth in the hospital sector). Spending for the top 25 drugs was 31.2% and 52.3% of total spending in the retail and hospital sectors, respectively. The forecast for the retail sector is continued moderate levels of growth in drug spending (7% to 8% annually), with higher rates of growth (12% to 13% annually) in the hospital setting. New approvals of specialty and oncology drugs and generic formulations of the top 25 drugs are expected to influence drug purchases in 2022–2023. If no action is taken to curb sustained growth in pharmaceutical spending in Canada, costs may necessitate a shift in spending from other public budgets or to private industry and directly to patients.
Difficulties encountered in developing numerical InP solar cell models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A number of different InP solar cell models have appeared in the literature, with the ultimate goals of identifying loss mechanisms and designing an optimal cell. Approaches have ranged from traditional analytical models to commercially-available finite element device simulation packages. However, values other than those obtained experimentally for material parameters are often employed in order to fit experimental cell parameters. Effects such as bandgap narrowing, surface recombination, photon recycling and two-dimensional current flow can significantly alter performance predictions, and care must be taken to ensure that they are properly accounted for. This paper describes modeling efforts of InP solar cells using ADEPT, a multidimensional complete numerical simulation package developed at Purdue University.< >
Narrative authority in J.M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the complex nature of narrative authority in J.M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron, set in an apartheid South Africa at a moment of extreme political crisis. At first glance, it seems as though Mrs. Curren’s ability to comment on and judge the events of the Emergency is constantly undermined, as Coetzee appears to deliberately place her in a marginalized position that cannot claim any real authority over the events she witnesses. However, reading the novel through the critical lens of Coetzee’s 1996 essay on Erasmus’ In Praise of Folly, it appears that in this novel Coetzee is in fact in search of a position from which one may tell the truth from the outside, without inserting oneself into the rivalrous binary of political oppression and resistance that implies an unavoidable taking of sides (i.e. that of Folly itself). In the end, however, Coetzee is forced to admit that this privileged position of objective truth-telling may not in fact exist, that it is only through the subjective discourse of storytelling – a discourse, however, that is no less authoritative for its being a wholly personal act of witnessing – that one can speak the truth.
Peer Review #1 of "Differences in subjective well-being between individuals with distinct Joint Personality (temperament-character) networks in a Bulgarian sample (v0.2)"

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Personality is the major predictor of people's subjective well-being (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction).Recent research in countries with high-income and strong selftranscendent values shows that well-being depends on multidimensional configurations of temperament and character traits (i.e., Joint Personality Networks) that regulate the way people learn to adapt their habits to be in accord with their goals and values, rather than individual traits.To evaluate the prevalence and the associations of different Joint Personality (temperament-character) Networks with well-being in a low-income country with weak self-transcendent values, we tested their association in Bulgarian adults, a population known to have strong secular-rationalist values but weak self-transcendent values. Method:The sample consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 15.05).Participants self-reported personality (Temperament and Character Inventory), affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale).The personality scores were used for profiling through latent profile analysis and latent class analysis based on temperament configurations (i.e., Temperament Profiles) of high/low scores of Novelty Seeking (N/n), Harm Avoidance (H/h), Reward Dependence (R/r), and Persistence (P/s); and character configurations (i.e., Character Profiles) of high/low scores of Self-Directedness (S/s), Cooperativeness (C/c), and Self-Transcendence (T/t). Results:We found two Temperament Profiles and two Character Profiles that clustered into two distinctive Joint Personality Networks.All individuals in Joint Personality Network 1 had a Reliable (nhRP) Temperament Profile in combination with an Organized (SCt) Character Profile (i.e., a stable temperament and a healthy character configuration).About 71.9% in Joint Personality Network 2 had an
Case 26. A Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case study The patient was an asymptomatic 60-year-old woman who was recently diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus. She was prompted to have a health check because her elder brother who was also a diabetic had just had a myocardial infarction at the age of 63. She was a nonsmoker and had a history of hypertension for 7 years and had been treated with a calcium channel blocker.There was a strong family history of type 2 diabetes. Her mother, elder brother, and a younger sister were diabetic. Physical examination showed that her weight and height were 69 kg and 157 cm, respectively. Blood pressure was 155/90 mm Hg. She had mild background retinopathy and the rest of the examination was unremarkable. Urinalysis showed 1 + glucose and 1 + proteinuria. Investigations showed a fasting glucose 10.5 mmol/l, HbA1c 9.2%, normal renal function, total cholesterol 6.0 mmol/l, fasting triglyceride 3.0 mmol/l, LDL-cholesterol 3.5 mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol 1.1 mmol/l, apolipoprotein (apo) AI 1.24 g/l, apoB 1.30 g/l, and proteinuria 0.5 g/day. ECG and exercise test were negative.
A Computational Study of a Prebiotic Synthesis of Ergosterol, Ergocalciferol & Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D2 and D3)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The magnesium ion metalloporphyrin complex is shown to bind the ligands ethyne (e) and propyne (p) on the metal or nitrogen pyrrole sites as a two-site catalyst in their copolymerization. The order of addition of the monomers is (epep) to form the side-chain. The steroid ring D (pep) is formed first from the propyne adduct bound to the metal site and the nonane adduct bound to the N-site. The optimal orientation of these adducts determines the β-orientation of the 17-substituent. Further addition of three ethyne monomers forms an N-diene cyclopentene derivative able to cyclise to form the steroid ring C (pee) with a trans conformation and a 13-β methyl substituent. Further addition of propyne forms the B-ring (eep), followed by two ethyne to form the A-ring (pee). Reaction with a hydroxyl anion and a proton allows the catalyst to separate. Final hydrogenation renders ergosterol, photolysis leading to ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2). The reactions have been shown to be feasible from the overall enthalpy changes in the ZKE approximation at the HF and MP2 /6-31G* level, and with acceptable activation energies.
Study on Ready-to-use Starter to Produce Sauerkraut Organic Acids and Flavor Components

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, SPME-GC-MS was used to detect the volatile compounds, organic acids, amino acids and organic alcohols of sauerkraut qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC, amino acid analysis apparatus and GC. Upon these conditions, the flavor components of natural fermentation and inoculating fermentation sauerkraut were analysed comparatively.
Discharging a Patient Home with a Tracheostomy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The community team The focus of the discharge planning will be effective communication between the hospital-based and com- munity team. Early identification of a patient who will not be decannulated before discharge will be pivotal to the discharge process. Once this has been established, referral to the patient's general practitioner and com- munity team will begin a complex process of events. The community team should be encouraged to attend the ward to meet with the staff and patient. This will provide the opportunity to discuss the patient's clinical condition and care needs. The community nurses will provide the patient and their family with support and guidance in the routine management of the tube and first line management in the event of a critical incident. 3
Microbiology of chronic suppurative otitis media: Experience at Dera Ismail Khan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a common infectious disease. The micro-organisms commonly associated with it and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is important for its treatment. This study was conducted to identify the common microorganisms involved and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Material & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out from January 2011 to August 2011 at Department of ENT, DHQ Teaching Hospital and Microbiology Department, CMH, D.I.Khan. A total of 190 patients with unilateral or bilateral active chronic suppurative otitis media attending the out patient clinic were included in the study. Pus samples were collected from the discharging ears and sent for microbiology. Results: From 190 specimens, 174(91.6%) were positive, and 16(8.4%) culture negative. There were 167(87.9%) bacterial isolates and 7(3.7%) fungi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 80(45.9%) was the dominant isolate, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 46(26.4%) including 10 isolates of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that piperacillin/tazobactum was active against 100% isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all Staphylococcus aureus except MRSA. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus from the culture specimens of chronic otitis media. Both of these are sensitive to tazocin except MRSA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly becoming more resistant to the commonly used antibiotics like quinolones.
New formula for image reconstruction from projections by the 2-D paired transformation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

To solve the problem of image reconstruction from projections, we describe an effective representation of the image by the paired transform which is a frequency and time representation of the image. We present a new effective formula for the inverse 2-D paired transform, which can be used for solving the algebraic system of equations with measurement data for image reconstruction without calculating the Fourier transforms. The image is reconstructed directly from the paired image-signals which can be calculated from projection data. A new concept of direction images is introduced, that define the decomposition of the image by directions. The proposed method of image reconstruction has been implemented and applied for modeled images of sizes up to 256 × 256.
Evolutionary stable sex ratios with non‐facultative male‐eggs first sex allocation in fig wasps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sex allocation theory has long generated insights into the nature of natural selection. Classical models have elucidated causal phenomena such as local mate competition and inbreeding on the degree of female bias exhibited by various invertebrates. Typically, these models assume mothers facultatively adjust sex allocation using predictive cues of future offspring mating conditions. Here we relax this assumption by developing a sex allocation model for haplodiploid mothers experiencing local mate competition that lay a fixed number of male eggs first. Female egg number is determined by remaining oviposition sites or remaining eggs of the mother, depending on which is exhausted first. Our model includes parameters for variation in foundress number, patch size, fecundity and offspring mortality that allow us to generate secondary sex ratio predictions based on specific parameterizations for natural populations. Simulations show that: 1) in line with classical models, factors that increase sib‐mating result in mothers laying relatively more female eggs; 2) high offspring mortality leads to relatively more males as fertilization insurance; 3) unlike classical model predictions, sub‐optimal predictions, such as more males than females are possible. In addition, our model provides the first quantitative predictions for the expected number of males and females in a patch where typically only one mother utilizes a given patch. We parameterized the model with data obtained from seven species of southern African fig wasps to predict expected means and variances for numbers of male and female offspring for typical numbers of mothers utilizing a patch. These predictions were compared to secondary sex ratio data from single foundress patches, the most commonly encountered situation for these species. Our predictions matched both the observed number and variance of male and female offspring with a high degree of accuracy suggesting that facultative adjustment is not required to produce evolutionary stable sex ratios.
Two Dimensional Simulation of Laminar Flow Around a Couple of Bodies in Relative Motion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper an efficient dual time implicit approach is used to solve viscous laminar flow around a couple of bodies with general motion. The grid includes a background grid and two sets of grids around the moving bodies. Rotational and translational motions of the two bodies are managed separately in this grid arrangement. In this work the overset concept for hybrid grid is used and flow variables are interpolated implementing a simple method. The unsteady two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using an implicit dual time stepping method. To accelerate convergence, the local pseudo-time stepping and implicit residual averaging are applied. To evaluate the present method, moving cases including rotational and translational motions are solved and the results are compared with experimental and numerical data.
Characterization of the 3′ terminus of RNA isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus and from its defective interfering particles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 3′ termini of RNA from vesicular stomatitis virus and from three widely dissimilar defective interfering particles of the virus are PypGpU-OH. The possible relevance of these findings to autointerference and to replication of vesicular stomatitis virus is discussed.
Effects of the acoustical characteristics of road pavements on long-range sound propagation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

For many people in industrial countries, traffic noise is considered as one of the most important elements of discomfort. In the past 15 years, the only protections for the neighboring populations against road traffic noise were road barriers. For a short time, the modification of the road pavement can partly contribute to decrease this nuisance. Recent research on the acoustical performances of road pavements have been carried out, and, a first ranking in the close proximity of the road has been established using a standardized method. From these first results, it is possible to predict the road traffic noise far from the road taking into account the acoustical characteristics of various pavements. This prediction procedure requires the theoretical knowledge of all the physical phenomena occurring along the propagation path. This is the reason why the model used for calculation integrates ground effects over mixed surfaces and atmospherical parameters such as vertical sound-speed gradients. The pavement effect is introduced in the model through the sound power spectrum of the tire/road noise source located a few centimeters above the road surface. The predicted results are advantageously compared to in-situ measurements carried out over some hundred meters.
Relationship between inflammation and infliximab pharmacokinetics in rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims Infliximab, an anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α monoclonal antibody, is indicated in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ). Our objective was to evaluate the influence of the sources of infliximab pharmacokinetic variability in RA . Methods Eighty‐four patients treated with infliximab for RA were included in a prospective noncomparative study. They were analysed between two consecutive infliximab infusions. Infliximab concentrations were measured before the infusion, 2 h, 1 and 4 weeks after the infusion and immediately before the next infusion. Infliximab concentrations were described using a two‐compartment population pharmacokinetic model. Results The mean (interindividual standard deviation) estimated central volume of distribution was 2.3 l (36%) and systemic clearance was 0.019 l h −1 (37%). The central volume of distribution increased with bodyweight; it was doubled between 50 and 90 kg. Systemic clearance increased with pre‐infusion C ‐reactive protein concentration by 20%, varying from 3 to 14 mg l − 1, and was decreased by 30% when methotrexate was coadministered. Conclusions The influence of methotrexate and inflammation on infliximab clearance suggests that individual adjustment of infliximab doses according to disease activity may be useful in RA .
sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672231203290 – Supplemental material for Gender Prototypes Hinder Bystander Intervention in Women’s Sexual Harassment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672231203290 for Gender Prototypes Hinder Bystander Intervention in Women’s Sexual Harassment by Rebecca Schachtman, Jonathan Gallegos and Cheryl R. Kaiser in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Exploring mothers’ experiences when their disabled child starts school: AnInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most disabled children in England start school within a mainstream primary school environment. Research demonstrates that starting school is an important life stage for children and their families in terms of internal family dynamics and relationships with the wider community. However, there has been limited research about this experience for families with a disabled child, particularly within the English context, following the 2014 Children and Families Act. To extend the evidence base, this research explored the experiences of five mothers with disabled children as their child began mainstream primary school. The researcher adopted an insider researcher perspective, herself the mother of a disabled child. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The mothers’ experiences are interpreted and organised around four patterns across themes: Starting school as a life stage process, ‘The System’, change and growth and belonging and rejection. The analysis focused on the mothers’ idiographic accounts and some of the patterns across accounts, both convergent and divergent, were explored. The findings indicate that starting school was a significant experience for these mothers and their families, not least negotiating the statutory processes to secure additional support. The process involved a significant investment of time and emotional labour. Mothers experienced frustration, uncertainty and power imbalance. They also shared positive changes such as new relationships, acquisition of knowledge and confidence, changed understandings and involvement in supporting other families. The findings are contextualised within relevant paradigms including the Family Life Cycle, post-crisis growth, Bordieuan capital and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Opportunities for professional reflection, implications for educational psychology practice and possibilities for future research are considered.
Contested Social Impact Bonds: welfare conventions, conflicts and compromises in five European Active-Labor Market Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) have attracted much public policy and management research interest and debate. This article draws on the Welfare Conventions Approach to explore the diversity of five SIB-financed Active Labor Market Programs in four European countries using comparative case study methods. We identify a tension between the requirement to align civic and financial interests in SIB-financed programs alongside a drive to reform public sector procurement in a more entrepreneurial direction. We suggest that the diversity of SIBs emanates from the political struggles in implementation processes stemming from a plurality of welfare conventions that actors need to align and compromise. SIBs are built within historically grown “institutional contexts” that are themselves on the move over decades of welfare state reform, and processes of marketization – and thus far from homogenous.