jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Operation Management System for Mobile Ad-hoc Microgrids in Emergency Events

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To maintain power supply to critical loads after emergency events, low-power containerized mobile Ad-hoc microgrids with optimal operation management are a feasible solution. In this paper, a novel two-layer hierarchical operation management system for multiple mobile Ad-hoc microgrids supplying to multi-critical nodes is proposed. The proposed operation management system not only includes optimal energy management within one mobile Ad-hoc microgrid and among the networked mobile Ad-hoc microgrids, but also achieves optimal dynamic relocation of the multiple mobile Ad-hoc microgrids connecting to several critical nodes. Experimental and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical operation management system.
Assessment of volaemia using ultrasound of the heart

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In humans, echocardiography is the standard of care in patients in shock, helping intensivists to characterize the haemodynamic disorder, to select a therapeutic approach and to monitor the response to treatment. In veterinary medicine the use of ultrasonography is limited to the assessment of the caudal vena cava (CVC), as a method of estimating volaemia. The current study aimed to explore whether echocardiographic measurements can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of the response to treatment in cases of suspected hypovolaemia. The study cohort comprised of eighteen dogs presented to an out of hours service for suspicion of hypovolaemia, and the control cohort consisted of nineteen dogs presented for echocardiography that were diagnosed as not having substantial cardiac disease. Data from the physical exam (mucous membrane colour, heart rate, pulse quality, capillary refill time), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and laboratory findings (lactate concentration (LAC), total protein (TP), packed cell volume (PCV)) were recorded for the study cohort and used to decide if the patients were suspected to be hypovolaemic. Dogs from both cohorts were scanned conscious in right lateral recumbency. Ultrasonographic measurements comprised: maximal diameter of the CVC (CVCmax), CVC collapsibility index (CVC CI), CVC to aorta ratio (CVC/Ao), maximal dimension of left atrium to aorta ratio (LAmajor/Ao), left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized for bodyweight by allometric scaling (LVIDdN), end diastolic ventricular volume index (EDVI), and stroke volume (SV) obtained from the aortic velocity- time integral. All the physical exam variables, laboratory tests and ultrasonographic measurements were measured again in the study cohort after the administration of intravenous fluid therapy. The median time to perform the ultrasonographic protocol was 4 (3-4) minutes. The best discriminator to differentiate between cases and controls was the EDVI (P=0.047), however the specificity (42%) and sensitivity (53%) were very low. The heart rate, capillary refill time, TP, PCV, CVCmax, CVC/Ao, LAmajor/Ao, LVIDdN, EDVI and SV were significantly different (P≤0.05) after treatment. This study shows that a simplified echocardiographic protocol, that can be performed in a limited time can provide useful information about the volume status of the conscious, spontaneously breathing, clinically ill dog and can be helpful in monitoring the response to treatment.
Foliated Transport Networks in Intermodal Freight Transport

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Foliated transport networks represent a concept that aims to improve the efficiency of the transport system by combining direct connections and hub and spoke design. In addition to combining these designs, a foliated transport network requires a high level of dynamic planning and control, as well as optimisation of goods and resources between the different network layers. It highlights the advantages of individual transport network designs and minimizes their weaknesses, ultimately leading to better performance of the foliated system than the individual options. The purpose of this paper is to describe the basic models of the freight transport network and the benefits of connecting these models. This survey paper aims to provide an overview of previous research in the field of foliated transport networks and to provide future research guidelines in this field that include the application of this model in intermodal transport.
Evaluation of the Use of Energetic Reserves As Bio-markers for an Insecticidal Effect on Woolly Poplar Aphid Phloeomyzus passerinii (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Poplar woolly aphid, Phloeomyzus passerinii (Signoret), has an economical impact on wood quality. In an attempt to detect possible metabolic dysfunctions, aphid females were exposed to two different concentrations of a systemic carbamate insecticide. The effect of insecticide exposure on the energetic reserves (fats, carbohydrates) was assessed. It was observed that the variation in lipids quality was more important than that in carbohydrates. Variations in lipids content seem to be dependent on insecticide concentration and exposure time. Fats were positively correlated with female’s weight at early contact with the insecticide, but over time the correlation shifted toward negative values. However, the variability related to lipids -carbohydrate complex revealed a positive correlation within 24 hours of exposure at the full recommended rate.
Relationship between physical characteristics and results of hatching in chicken eggs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: The objective was to investigate the relationship between egg physical parameters, which can be determined without breakage, and hatchability. The following egg parameters were chosen: egg weight (W), volume (V), shell surface area (S), specific gravity (D), breadth to length ratio (B/L), and the ratio of egg weight to shell surface area (W/S). Methods: A sample of 505 eggs from the parent stocks of White Leghorn (WL, line 01), Rhode Island White (RIW, line 68) and Rhode Island Red (RIR, line 70) laying hens were investigated. To estimate the relationship between the hatchability and quantitative factors, a special ranking was performed. The three categories: “average”, “more than average” and “less than average”, were chosen. All parameters were divided into 3 groups: 1) those, which values were within the average ± standard deviation; 2) with values less than the 1st group; and 3) with the values more than the 1st group. Results: The average hatchability for the fertile eggs over three investigated strains was 77.7%. There were no significant differences between the groups for the RIR eggs, except the hatchability of the eggs, for which D hit the 3rd group, was significantly higher (94.4.%) than for the other two groups (77.2 and 81.3%). For the WL and RIW the “big” eggs, which W, V, S, L and B hit the 3rd group, had the least hatchability (53.3% for the WL and 62.1% for the RIW). The highest hatchability for these strains had found for the “small” eggs (2nd group). The lowest hatchability (50%) was in the group of the WL eggs, which D values were in the 2nd group. However, the same group of the RIW eggs had the best result (85.2%) in comparison with the other ones (74.2% for the 1st group and 81.8% for the 2nd one). The more “round-shaped” eggs of the WL and RIW, which B/L ratio hit the 3rd group, were more successful at hatching (87.5% for the WL and 84.4% for the RIW) than “normal-shaped” (76.8% for the WL and 75.3% for the RIW) and “sharp-shaped” eggs (64.3% for the WL and 75.6% for the RIW). The only significant differed result for W/S values was observed in the RIW strain. The lowest hatchability (65.6%) had recorded for the eggs of the 3rd group. Conclusions: The small eggs were more successful at hatching than the bigger ones. The hatchability of the “round-shaped” eggs was higher than for the others. The influence of egg specific gravity on the hatchability is differed among strains.
Preparation and Characterization of Aqueous Polyurethane Polyol Used in Waterbore Two-Component Polyurethane Coating

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aqueous polyurethane(PU) polyols were synthesized from polyester polyol, toluene diisocyanate(TDI), dimethylolbutyric acid (DMBA) and diethanolamine(DEA). The structure of PU polyol and resulting polyurethane film were confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of NCO/OH and DMBA content on the particle size of PU polyol and resulting polyurethane films, which formed by the mixture of PU polyol and water-dispersible polyisocyanate, was investigated by dynamic light scattering analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis and measurement of the mechanical properties.The results show the increase in DMBA content or NCO:OH ratio may be used to decrease the particle size of aqueous polyurethane polyol, increase the Tg for two-component aqueous PU film and maybe adjust the mechanical properties of resulting film.
Interaction of TAG1 and CASPR2, Proteins Associated to Autism Disorder?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects brain development, social and communication skills. Although the causes of the disease are mostly unknown rare variations of the CANTNAP2, the gene that codes for contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2), have been implicated in ASD. We compared the cellular localization and glycosylation processing of wild type CASPR2 to twelve CASPR2 point mutations found in autistic individuals. In contrast to the wild‐type protein that localizes to the cell surface, mutants showed altered cellular disposition with endoplasmic reticulum retention and activation of one signaling pathway of the unfolded protein response. As CASPR2 is associated with a set of neuropsychiatric diseases, it is of interest to study the interaction of CASPR2 with proteins such as the transient axonal glycoprotein‐1 (TAG1). We are currently studying the interaction between different CASPR2 mutants and TAG1 by various biochemical techniques. Preliminary results show that we can measure the interaction between wild‐type TAG1 and wild type CASPR2, but not with one CASPR2 mutants. This data suggest that the interaction is disrupted by the mutation but also that another protein could be mediating this interaction. These studies will help understand better the biology of CASPR2 and its specific role in the development of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Career Decision Regret as a Predictor: Do Teachers and Administrators Regret Due to Their Career Choice?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research aims to explore the relationship between career decision regret, job satisfaction and life satisfaction aswell as determining whether career decision regret significantly predicts job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Havinga descriptive research design, the research has employed relational survey model. The population of the researchholds a total of 7671 teachers and administrators who work at pre-school education institutions, primary, secondaryand high schools located within the central provinces of Kahramanmaraş. The research sample consists of 365participants who have been selected through a random sampling method. The research has deployed “CareerDecision Regret Scale”, “Job Satisfaction Scale” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale”. Independent groups t-test,one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis have been used during data analysis. Researchresults have revealed that teachers’ and school administrators’ career decision regret is at “a little” level; they haveexperienced a medium level of general, intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction; they are at the level of “neither agree nordisagree" in terms of life satisfaction; there is a negative and medium level relation between career decision regretand life satisfaction and between career decision regret and job satisfaction; a significant, positive and medium levelrelation between job satisfaction and life satisfaction; career decision regret is a significant predictor of jobsatisfaction and life satisfaction; 25% of the total variance of job satisfaction and 22% of the total variance of lifesatisfaction level of teachers are explained by career decision regret.
Evaluation of Cow Reproduction in the Pureline Foundation Phase of the Canadian National Dairy Cattle Breeding Project

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Five reproduction traits--number of inseminations per cow, days to first estrus, days open, calving interval, and culling rate for infertility--were studied on dairy cows from a long-term breeding project of the Agriculture Canada Research Branch. Five experimental farms maintained either Holstein line, Ayrshire line, or both. Traits were analyzed within each line by a model in which station, year, sire group (paternal parentage), and bull (cow's mate) were considered. Variation these factors caused was small; most represented less than 1% of the total sum of squares. Holstein cows at Lethbridge, Lennoxville, and Ottawa had 1.9, 2.3, and 2.0 inseminations per cow, 55.1, 63.9, and 51.2 days to first estrus, and 109.9, 125.2, and 112.4 days open. The same traits of Ayrshire cows at Charlottetown, Normandin, and Ottawa were 2.3, 2.2, and 2.0; 53.3, 61.4, and 53.0 days; and 105.2, 129.2, and 114.5 days. All three traits were derived from records of all cows, including those that did not complete calving intervals. Calving interval at all five stations varied from 376.1 to 412.4 days. Intensity of culling for infertility differed between stations, e.g., 5% in one and 31% in another. About 24% of all disposed cows were culled in both lines for infertility.
Abstract 158: CD40L Regulates Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology by Inducing Adhesion-Mediated Quiescence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The self-renewal and differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is an important regulator of the way the mature immune system behaves and how it reacts upon challenges. The co-stimulatory protein CD40L is well-known for its role in immune activation and chronic inflammatory diseases, especially in atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that CD40L not only regulates mature immune cell activation, but also plays a role in the development of these cells by regulating HSPC biology. Here we show that CD40L deficiency increased the colony-forming potential of HSPCs by 62,1%. FACS analysis revealed that the bone marrow of CD40L -/- mice contained 34,4% more myeloid-biased (Lin-cKit+) progenitors, 147,2% more myeloid/lymphoid-biased (Lin-Sca-1+) progenitors and 46,6% more primitive (Lin-Sca-1+-cKit+) HSPCs. Competitive bone marrow transplantation demonstrated that the abscence of CD40L resulted in a 13.4% increased reconstitution of peripheral blood leukocytes. Lineage analysis showed an advantage towards the lymphoid lineage, as B cells were increased by 14.6%, T cells by 41.3%, and NKT cells by 50.9%. The adhesion of HSPCs on CD40L -/- bone marrow stroma was reduced by 58%. Cell cycle analysis revealed that CD40L -/- HSPCs were less quiescent compared to WT cells. CD40L -/- mice had delayed hematopoietic recovery and a 37.5% reduced survival rate after 5-FU treatment. CD40L -/- mice did not survive a bone marrow transplantation. All effects were independent from CD40, the classical receptor of CD40L. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD40L regulates adhesion-mediated quiescence of HSPCs. These results provide a novel CD40L-mediated mechanism of protecting the HSPC compartment against exhaustion during immune activation and chronic inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis, thereby securing long term hematopoiesis.
Heirs of Ambivalence: The Study of the Identity Crisis of the Second-Generation Indian Americans in Jhumpa Lahiri's Interpreter of Maladies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies is a collection of short stories which, for the most part, deals with the identity crisis of the Indian Americans who are trapped in-between their Indian heritage and the American culture. The crisis is manifest in their unremitting struggle to preserve, to integrate, and to adjust. The collection, due to its dealing with the in-between-ness, ambivalence, hybridity, and marginality of the displaced Indian Americans, is receptive to the postcolonial studies. This essay draws on the relevant ideas and concepts in the field of the diaspora identity to examine Lahiri's “A Temporary Matter,” “When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine,” “Sexy,” and “This Blessed House” which portray identity crisis of the second-generation Bengali migrants. The ultimate objective is to investigate into the nature of the internal ambivalence of Lahiri's second-generation characters caused by the reciprocal influence of Host/Guest relationships. The significance of the present study is twofold; on the one hand, it accentuates the intellectual attention to the crisis of identity felt by the exponentially increasing second-generation diaspora; on the other hand, it attempts to attract concentrated scholarly interest in diaspora ambivalence which is one of Lahiri scholars’ less addressed concerns.
Impact of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Stapf Essential Oil on the Metabolic Profile of <i>Culex pipiens</i> S L: A Vector of West Nile Virus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study assessed the larvicidal efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil against fourth-instar larvae of Culex pipiens s.l., the most predominant mosquito species in Algeria, particularly in the Setif region. The essential oil, obtained by hydro-distillation from dried aerial parts, yielded 0.9± 0.06% and was chemically characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Analysis revealed 48 constituents, accounting for 99% of the total oil, with α-citral (37.74%) and β-citral (28.31%) as the major components. Larvicidal bioassays showed strong activity, with lethal concentrations estimated at LC25 = 42.88 ppm, LC50 = 59.96 ppm, and LC90 = 117.2 ppm. Furthermore, biochemical analyses revealed reductions in body weight, carbohydrate, and protein contents, concomitant with an increase in lipid levels in the treated larvae. These findings underscore the strong larvicidal activity of C. citratus EO and its promise as an ecofriendly alternative for mosquito control.
Anderson-Witting transport coefficients for flows in general relativity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The transport coefficients induced by the Anderson-Witting approximation of the collision term in the relativistic Boltzmann equation are derived for close to equilibrium flows in general relativity. Using the tetrad formalism, it is shown that the expression for these coefficients is the same as that obtained on flat space-time, in agreement with the generalized equivalence principle.
Latina Mothers' Infant Feeding Experiences During the 2022 Formula Shortage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Mothers report feeling immense pressure to breastfeed their infants, and not doing so can be associated with stigma, shame, and judgment. Many Latina mothers struggle to meet their breastfeeding goals and substitute formula earlier than planned. During 2022, an infant formula recall caused a shortage and made acquiring formula difficult or impossible in many areas of the United States. This study explores Latina mothers' experiences with infant feeding during the time of the formula shortage. Methods: In-depth interviews ( N = 7) were conducted with Latina mothers who formula-fed during the shortage. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Mean maternal age was 29.7 years, and mean infant age was 10.3 months. Three mothers were born in the United States, and 4 were immigrants. Results: Thematic analysis generated 3 themes: (1) Fighting to breastfeed; (2) Breastfeeding is not the only way to be a “good” mother; and (3) No formula on the shelves. Participants described their determination to continue breastfeeding despite challenges before realizing that it limited their ability to care for their children. They discussed the emotional toll of the formula shortage and strategies for finding formula. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for additional structural support for infant feeding in the United States to prevent future formula shortages and for better lactation care and mental health support for mothers who want to breastfeed.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE INDICATORS OF EFFECTIVE COLLABORATION IN TREATMENT OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN NAIROBI CITY, KENYA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the indicators of effective collaboration in the treatment of language disorders in children with autism in Nairobi City County. This study was guided by Belbin’s Theory of Teamwork and Gregory’s Theory of Perception. The study adopted the qualitative research design targeting 55 caregivers and 10 speech therapists. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 participants. The research was conducted in Nairobi County and piloting at a medical Hospital. Qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews and analysed thematically. The study findings showed that the indicators of effective collaborative approaches include achievement of set goals, improved speech, inclusivity of all those involved, improved sharing of information, and improved decision-making. Collaboration ensures that the caregivers are well-informed about the treatments and interventions. The study recommends that the public should be educated on the different disorders such as autism and other spectrum disorders that may cause language disorders to address issues of stigmatization and the benefits that come with adopting collaborative approaches in treating language disorders in children with autism.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0045/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Comparative daily energy expenditure and water turnover by Dorper and Merino sheep measured using doubly labelled water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Details of the energy (food) requirements of domestic herbivores are essential for predicting grazing pressures and subsequent ecological impacts on rangelands. However, these details are lacking for some of the more recently introduced sheep breeds to Australia, such as the Dorper breed sheep, which are principally meat sheep, and it is uncertain how they compare with the traditional Merino, a wool-breed, sheep. We used the doubly labelled water method to compare the field metabolic rate and water turnover rate of Dorpers and Merinos grazing together in a small holding paddock in a typical rangeland environment. We found no significant differences in field metabolic rate (Dorpers 481 ± 125 kJ and Merinos 500 ± 109 kJ kg–0.73 day–1) or water turnover rate (Dorpers 397 ± 57 mL and Merinos 428 ± 50 mL kg–0.8 day–1). As such we conclude that under controlled conditions with limited movement and ready access to feed and water, dry sheep equivalent of 1 is appropriate for Dorpers (that is, one Dorper ewe had a grazing requirement equal to one standard, dry Merino wether). However, we also found that the field metabolic rate for Merinos under these conditions was only around half that measured in published studies for animals ranging freely in a large paddock system. This suggests that more work is needed to fully appreciate the energetic and grazing impacts of Dorpers versus Merinos under more realistic grazing conditions (e.g. large paddock systems) where feed and water are more spread. It also highlights limitations of the current dry sheep equivalent rating system, which has been derived from laboratory measures of sheep metabolic rates.