jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Focus in itself is meaningless as a change concept

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sir, Congratulations on an important work confirming that it is indeed feasible to react to a rising rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and reduce it.1 Furthermore, you discuss whether the formal program or focus was the most important factor in reducing the rate. This assumed contradiction is a misconception. Focus is essential, regardless of the strategy. Instead, the decisive questions to be answered are what factors made staff members focus, and what they focused on. In general, one way to help people focus on a task such as implementing a hands-on approach in childbirth is to establish a formal prevention program. Focus may also be supported by more informal, person-centered or contextual factors such as preparedness for the intervention, competition between departments, meetings, discussions on the internet, and proximity to a department with a program. Some departments in Denmark actually did not experience a fall in the incidence of OASIS despite a perceived focus and the nationwide guideline.2 Focus may be counteracted by, for example, resistance of influential leaders. Unfortunately, you did not document process indicators. It may well be that more or less the same elements for handling delivery were taken up to about the same degree in all departments. This would of course explain similar results. A more thorough description of the different factors making the staffs focus, what they focused on, and how often this was applied would have been valuable.3 You call for studies revealing which elements may lead to the largest reduction in the incidence of OASIS. In our work we registered process indicators, and we found the lowest incidence of OASIS in the group of primiparae where a certified midwife used a hand on the baby's head. The single most important element of the care bundle was using a hand on the head.4 Thus, in your case, both formal prevention programs and more informal and person-centered factors seem to have brought about a focus on a safer handling of delivery in the short term. To achieve and sustain a low risk of OASIS in the long term, a formalized systems approach is needed.5 When the primary monitoring of a project is turned from outcome to process, as in quality improvement projects, it reduces the leaders' preoccupation with failures and staff's fear of penalties. This is another important factor in favor of a systems approach.
LOCATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TOURISM FACILITIES IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, FCT, NIGERIA USING GIS APPROACH

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tourism is an activity highly dependent on environmental resources. It is also a phenomenon, which in the event of lack of planning and management is likely to erode its environmental base. One of the problems often encountered in the tourism industry is lack of data and a quick update and maintenance of available data. Ineffective management of these spatial information also provide a means by which local governments loose enormous revenue which would have been used to provide the necessary infrastructure which improve the values and living standard of the people in the light of the statutory allocation. Lack of proper management of tourism potentials has made it difficult for Nigeria to be a major tourist attraction in Africa. Therefore this research was aimed at location and spatial analysis of tourism facilities in Abuja municipal area FCT Nigeria using GIS approach. This was achieved through the following objectives: acquisition of base map of study area, point picking of geometric data of tourism facilities using GPS, development of a functional spatial database on tourism facilities and performing various analysis to show the potentials of GIS in analyzing the location of tourism facilities within the study area. The software used included: ArcGIS 9.2, GeoCalc for coordinate conversion and Microsoft word 2007 amongst others. The result of database queries showed the locations of hotel accommodations, relaxation and eating spots, cinemas, banks and churches all located within Abuja municipal area. It was therefore recommended that this study be used as a spatial decision support system for decisions regarding locations of tourism facilities within Abuja municipal area amongst others.
Membranous Inclusions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Electron microscopy of sectioned cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with a double fixative in N -2-hydroxyethylpiperazine- N -2-ethanesulfonic acid revealed a number of membranous inclusions varying in size and morphology. One round, electron transparent form was frequently observed which did not routinely appear to be attached to the cytoplasmic membrane and varied in size from 120 to 300 nm in diameter. However, in one case, several tubular structures between an inclusion and the cytoplasmic membrane was observed. On rare occasions, a large and unusual multilayered inclusion consisting of three thick and distinct layers was also encountered. In addition, two small mesosomal structures were singly observed in cells and were situated proximal to the cytoplasmic membrane. One type appeared to consist of a single thin membrane, whereas the other type consisted of a delicate, multilayered structure.
A human factors analysis of EVA time requirements

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human Factors Engineering (HFE), also known as Ergonomics, is a discipline whose goal is to engineer a safer, more efficient interface between humans and machines. HFE makes use of a wide range of tools and techniques to fulfill this goal. One of these tools is known as motion and time study, a technique used to develop time standards for given tasks. A human factors motion and time study was initiated with the goal of developing a database of EVA task times and a method of utilizing the database to predict how long an ExtraVehicular Activity (EVA) should take. Initial development relied on the EVA activities performed during the STS-61 mission (Hubble repair). The first step of the analysis was to become familiar with EVAs and with the previous studies and documents produced on EVAs. After reviewing these documents, an initial set of task primitives and task time modifiers was developed. Videotaped footage of STS-61 EVAs were analyzed using these primitives and task time modifiers. Data for two entire EVA missions and portions of several others, each with two EVA astronauts, was collected for analysis. Feedback from the analysis of the data will be used to further refine the primitives and task time modifiers used. Analysis of variance techniques for categorical data will be used to determine which factors may, individually or by interactions, effect the primitive times and how much of an effect they have.
Robust and thermostable C/SiOC composite aerogel for efficient microwave absorption, thermal insulation and flame retardancy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

• C/SiOC composite aerogel was prepared by a simple process for the first time. • The optimal reflection loss reaches −67.85 dB with absorption bandwidth of 6.88 GHz. • Superior mechanical, anti-oxidation and thermal insulation properties are obtained. Carbon aerogel (CA) has been generally regarded as a potential electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber, but unsatisfactory microwave absorption, mechanical and anti-oxidation properties are still the primary challenges for its application. Herein, a novel C/SiOC composite aerogel (CSA) was successfully synthesized by a simple copolymerization of dual sols, ambient pressure drying and thermal treatment process for the first time. The morphology and performance of the as-prepared CSA could be tailored just by controlling the initial ratio of silane and phenolic resin (PR) to adjust the content of SiOC in CSA, whose density was in the range of 0.252 to 0.294 g·cm −3 with a low thermal conductivity from 0.061 to 0.067 W·m −1 ·K −1 . Notably, the EMW absorption capacity of CSA was greatly enhanced with the increase of SiOC content, with the optimal reflection loss (RL ) value of −67.85 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.88 GHz, which was dramatically improved than CA (–22.89 dB, 5.34 GHz) and mainly ascribed to the optimized impedance matching characteristics and strong attenuation capacity. Meanwhile, compared with CA (2.63 MPa) with a density of 0.248 g·cm −3 , the mechanical properties of CSA (3.30–5.12 MPa) were also remarkably improved, and the maximum compression strength was nearly doubled. Furthermore, CSA obtained superior oxidation resistance than CA and exhibited excellent flame-retardant properties. All the results indicated that CSA could be considered as a highly promising candidate for applications in extreme environments due to its lightweight, high strength and outstanding microwave absorption capacity along with good oxidation resistance, superior thermal insulation performance and high flame retardancy.
The association between metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease in Jordan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Previous studies in Jordan showed a considerably high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and its individual components. However, data about the association between MeS and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Jordan are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between MeS and CAD among Jordanians. Methods: This case-control study included 269 patients diagnosed with CAD and 1026 subjects without CAD. Data collected from cases and controls included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and anthropometric measurements. Patients were diagnosed with MeS based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult treatment panel (ATP) III. Results: MeS was present in 65.1% of patients with CAD and in 44.0% of those with no CAD (p<0.0005). After adjusting for the important variables in the multivariate analysis, those with MeS were twice more likely to have CAD (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.93, p = 0.002) compared to those without MeS. The number of metabolic abnormalities was significantly associated with CAD, when it substituted MeS in the regression model, with a higher number of MeS components led to greater odds for CAD. Conclusions: The MeS, which occurs very frequently in the general population, is associated with CAD in Jordan. The identification of subjects with the MeS is conceivably useful from a clinical standpoint, as it can be anticipated that these individuals should benefit from interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk.
Medical Investigation and Clinical Changes in the Early Phases of Post Burn Adult Inpatients as Indicators for Prompt Infection Diagnosis, in the Hospital for Burn and Plastic Surgery, Sulaimanyah, Iraq

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Burn injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn related hospital acquired infections is one of the major problems in the management of these injuries. Aim of the study: To elaborate on the early laboratory and microbial culture changes in adult burn inpatients, and to make use of subtle changes in the laboratory investigations, to predict and detect infections in burn victims, in its early phases. Patients and Methods: A Clinical observational study included a random sample of one hundred adult burn inpatients from Sulaymaniyah Burn Hospital, admitted from April 2019 to January 2021, retrospectively and prospectively followed up during the course of the study. Results: thirty one (31%) patients were male and 69% were female, all patients were adults and aged ≥18 years. 51 % of them had mix II-III degree burns, while 38% second and 11% third degree burns. Hematocrit decreased, total WBC count increased while platelet in most of the patients was normal. Blood urea was increased, Serum creatinine levels were normal in most of the patient in first three weeks of their admission. Eleven patients (11%) died. Whereas 36% of the patients who died had Total Body Surface Area burn of more than 60%, while 72% of them had II and III degree burns. Also 90% of the patients had infections, majority of the isolate results were Gram-negative bacteria (66.8%), and (33.2%) were Gram-positive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.5%) was the most common gram negative. The Staphylococcus aureus (33.2%) was the gram positive organism recovered. While 66.6% of patients had fever during the first week, 55.5% of patients had fever in second week. Most of the patients, who had fever, were infected with S.aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa throughout the second week post burn. Conclusion and recommendations; Many laboratories and microbial parameter changes occur in the early phases of post burning, of which Leukocytosis can be a good predictor for infection in burns, especially when it happens in the second week and beyond. Yet it cannot distinguish gram negative from gram positive bacterial infections. To detect any change in the back ground laboratory parameters, as soon as they happen, infections in burns can be detected or suspected
Comprehension in interpreting and translation: testing the phonological interference hypothesis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Studies on the comprehension process in interpreting have shown that concurrent processing reduces recall in simultaneous interpreting. This effect has been attributed to phonological interference: since the articulatory loop is busy with the parallel vocalization of two streams of speech, encoding is impaired to such an extent that interpreters are not able to remember much of what they have just interpreted. On the other hand, recent studies on the translation process show that comprehension and production overlap in written translation in a way that is similar to simultaneous interpreting. Therefore, this article examines the role of phonological interference in written and oral translation to determine whether or not it also hinders recall in written translation, and to gauge how task requirements affect the comprehension process in translation and interpreting. In this study, comprehension was measured through summarization, multiple choice comprehension questions and cloze questions administered after simultaneous interpretation and translation activities were completed by a group of advanced interpreting students. Results suggest that both translation and interpreting share similar features regarding parallel processing and, furthermore, that the process of comprehension is influenced by the demands associated with translation and simultaneous interpreting.
Uji Fitokimia Dan Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium) Sebagai Insektisida Nabati

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Research on phytochemical test and toxicity tests of leaf extract of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) as an insecticide plant have been conducted.. Gliricidia leaves macerated dried samples using ethanol and fractionated using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test showed that it contains alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolic and flavonoid in total extract. N-hexane fraction containing steroids, triterpenoids and the phenolic. Ethyl acetate fraction containing steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic and saponin. Toxicity test method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest toxicity on shrimp larvae with LC50 values ​​of 49.29 ppm. Test Activity as an insecticide plant conducted in animal infestation of rice (Sitophylusorizae Leach) Value LC50 is determined using a regression line between log concentration and probit mortality, the LC50 obtained is 2.831%. Analysis of the content of chemical compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Gliricidia produces 9 peak component compounds at mass spectra are shown from the results of GC-MS with 2 peaks compound dominant that serves as an insecticide plant them 2-(3H)-Benzofuranone, 3-methyl and dl-Limonene
Escalando no estado de São Paulo: levantamento dos ginásios e dos praticantes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The practice of sport climbing has been growing, especially in recent years, with the inclusion of this sport in the Olympic Games, showing greater adherence of the population, despite the need for investment to practice it. The present study surveyed and analyzed the spaces of this indoor practice in the state of Sao Paulo and the climbers who attend these spaces. The method used was exploratory descriptive research with the application of a questionnaire, whose sample consisted of 28 climbing spaces and 152 subjects, all climbers divided in 102 men and 50 women, all aged 18 years or older. As a result, it was possible to realize that the spaces are concerned in promoting the sport; with the practice guided by qualified professionals; provide events for socialization and dissemination of climbing; offer specific equipment and other activities to improve the technique and performance of climbers. Regarding to climbers it was observed that they use these spaces to prepare themselves for later climbing in natural environment; as well to health gains; they practice recreationally rather than competitively, preferring mainly the guided/top rope style and; they have in the psychological factor their greatest difficulty. It is possible to conclude that indoor climbing has expanded in the state of Sao Paulo, as well as the interest of practitioners in this practice, especially for women.
Finnish object casea unified description of multifunctionality in a sign contrast

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I examine the complex semantics of the two object cases in Finnish, the accusative and the partitive, and describe three core domains of distinction marked by the case contrast: quantitative boundedness, aspectual boundedness and actuality. The multifunctionality of the case selection is then analysed from various theoretical perspectives: the theory of the linguistic sign, Functional Grammar and some cognitive, evolutionary and cross-linguistic approaches. It seems that the functions of the case selection are at the same time clearly distinct and unified, and I propose a description of this phenomenon based on the instructional conception of the semantics of linguistic signs: the case contents are invariant, abstract and underspecified instructions which are designed to cooperate with the linguistic context.
Mechanistic study on the inactivation of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by a metabolite of hypoglycin A

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic study on the inactivation of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by a metabolite of hypoglycin AMing Tain Lai, Li Da Liu, and Hung Wen LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 19, 7388–7397Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00019a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00019a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views796Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 73 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Monanthotaxis elegans (Engl. ex Engl. & Diels) Verdc." ] } The dataset includes 73 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0342076-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Comparison of ATP binding in the active sites of (Na+ + K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase with low affinity to calcium from cardiac sarcolemma.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The chemical composition of the active sites of cardiac sarcolemmal (Na+ + K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase has not been determined definitely. The present study deals with investigation of the role of OH group in position two on the ribose moiety of the ATP molecule in its interaction with the specific ATP binding sites on the above ATPases. Experiments with application of ATP and deoxyATP (the OH group in position 2 on the ribose absent revealed that neither Ca(2+)-ATPase nor Mg(2+)-ATPase is able to distinguish between ATP and deoxyATP as substrates). This indicates that the OH group investigated may play a negligible role only in ATP binding and splitting by the latter ATPases. On the contrary, kinetic studies of Na+ + K(+)-ATPase activation by deoxyATP revealed that the latter compound is a considerably less suitable substrate for the enzyme than ATP. Consequently the OH group in position 2 on the ribose moiety proved to be important both for ATP binding in the active site and for proper substrate turnover by (Na+ + K(+)-ATPase interaction of the ATP binding site of heart sarcolemmal ATPases. Results of the experiments showed that Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase cannot distinguish between ATP and deoxyATP as substrates. Kinetic studies of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activation by deoxyATP revealed that the latter is a considerably less good substrate for the enzyme than ATP. It means that the OH group in position two on the ribose moiety proved to be important for both binding of ATP in the active site and for proper substrate turnover by (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.
On the Radicalization Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to provide an in‐depth description of the radicalization process, which is a very important step in terrorist activities. The author proposes a translational analysis that is first based on the author's experience in the psychological evaluation of terrorist behavior and second on an exhaustive review of the current literature. The search terms “terrorism,” “radicalization,” “social psychology,” and “psychopathology” were used to identify relevant studies in the following databases: Scopus, Medline, PubCentral, and Science Direct. Because of its importance, understanding radicalization process should be one of the priorities of behavioral scientists. International studies should be performed with a focus on several aspects, such as radicalization risk factors, brainwashing, the role of the media, and finally, in de‐radicalization programs.