jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF DRUGS WHICH DEPRESS THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ON THE RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM OF THE CAT

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Some drugs with depressant properties on the peripheral nervous system have been examined for depressant effects on the reticular activating system of the cat. Large doses of nicotine, or of the anti‐nicotinic agents dihydro‐β‐erythroidine and mecamylamine, failed to depress the reticular activating system; non‐quaternary drugs with anti‐muscarinic properties, such as atropine and hyoscine, depressed it readily. Hyoscine was the most potent depressant tested and its effects could be antagonized by physostigmine. In contradistinction, depression of the reticular activating system with pentobarbitone was not antagonized by physostigmine. Lignocaine was a weak depressant of the reticular activating system, and the possibility that this might be due to a central anti‐muscarinic action is discussed. Adrenergic blocking drugs, such as dihydroergotamine, phenoxybenzamine or choline 2: 6‐xylyl ether, did not appear to depress the reticular activating system: the significance of this is discussed. It was concluded that the hypothetical cholinergic transmitter, acting somewhere within the reticular activating system, displayed actions analogous to the muscarinic, and not to the nicotinic, actions of acetylcholine.
Reply on RC1

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The enormous destructive energy carried by a landslide is principally determined by its velocity. Pudasaini and Krautblatter (2022) presented a simple, physics-based analytical landslide velocity model that simultaneously incorporates the internal deformation and externally applied forces. They also constructed various general exact solutions for the landslide velocity. However, previous solutions are incomplete as they only apply to accelerating motions. Here, I advance further by constructing several new general analytical solutions for decelerating motions and unify these with the existing solutions for the landslide velocity. This provides the complete and honest picture of the landslide in multiple segments with accelerating and decelerating movements covering its release, motion through the track, the run-out as well as deposition. My analytical procedure connects several accelerating and decelerating segments by a junction with a kink to construct a multi-sectoral unified velocity solution down the entire path. Analytical solutions reveal essentially different novel mechanisms and processes of acceleration, deceleration and the mass halting. I show that there are fundamental differences between the landslide release, acceleration, deceleration and deposition in space and time as the dramatic transition takes place while the motion changes from the driving force dominated to resisting force dominated sector. I uniquely determine the landslide position and time as it switches from accelerating to decelerating state. Considering all the accelerating and decelerating motions, I analytically obtain the exact total travel time and the travel distance for the whole motion. Different initial landslide velocities with ascending or descending fronts result in strikingly contrasting travel distances, and elongated or contracted deposition lengths. Time and space evolution of the marching landslide with initial velocity distribution consisting of multiple peaks and troughs of variable strengths and extents lead to a spectacular propagation pattern with different stretchings and contractings resulting in multiple waves, foldings, crests and settlements. The analytical method manifests that, computationally costly numerical solutions may now be replaced by a highly cost-effective, unified and complete analytical solution down the entire track. This offers a great technical advantage for the geomorphologists, landslide practitioners and engineers as it provides immediate and very simple solution to the complex landslide motion.
Immunofluorescence studies in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunofluorescence studies were carried out on 47 patients with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. The majority had the macular, maculopapular or papular forms of lichen amyloidosus, although 3 patients had the nodular type. All biopsies fluoresced positively for immunoglobulins or complement, particularly IgM and C3. Staining for kappa and lambda light chains was positive. The consistent immunofluorescent patterns observed were similar in some respects to lichen planus, suggesting that colloid bodies and amyloid may share similar properties in acting as a filamentous sponge on to which immunoglobulins and complement are absorbed. The pathogenesis of lichen amyloidosus is compared with that of lichen planus.
Residual effect of legumes on maize yield, nitrogen balance and soil organic carbon stabilization under legume – maize cropping systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Inclusion of legumes in cereal based cropping system restores soil fertility and improves carbon storage and soil quality. In this background a field experiment was conducted in a strip-split plot design using three legume species viz., green gram, groundnut and cluster bean as vertical strip, two residue management practices i.e. residue removal (-R) and residue retention (+R) as horizontal strip, and three nitrogen levels i.e. 100%, 75% and 50% recommended rate of nitrogen (N) application in intersectional sub plots with four replications during summer 2017 and 2018. The grain and stover yield of maize, N uptake and soil properties were monitored after each crop harvest; soil nitrogen balance and soil organic carbon were estimated. Under 100% N fertilization, cluster bean – maize cropping system with residue (+R) recorded 12.78 and 9.78% higher maize grain and stover yield, respectively than without residue (–R) treatment. Highest available N (189.9 kg ha−1) and available P (54.5 kg ha−1) were registered under cluster bean- maize cropping system. Legume residue incorporation resulted 9.65, 8.46, 7.09 and 8.86% higher (p = 0.05) WBC content, WBC stock, available N and P contents over residue removal scenario. Annually, 1.71% added carbon converted into soil organic carbon. Legume residue retention and 100% recommended rate of nitrogen application enhanced nitrogen balance. Soil N balance was highest under groundnut – maize system (165 kg ha−1). Overall, for better soil health and optimum crop production, cluster bean – maize cropping system with legume residue retention and 100% N fertilization may be promoted in semi-arid Western India.
Factors Affecting Students’ Use of Mobile Banking: An Extension of Technology Acceptance Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Current developments in technology and communications have created various types and new business opportunities, so it is very important for companies to carefully understand customer needs, discover people's desires, and be able to provide products or services to customers that meet people's demands or exceed people's expectations. This study aims to test and prove the factors that influence the use of mobile banking, which consists of the quality of information systems, trust, capability of individual operations, user attitudes, and intention to use. This study assesses the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory to develop variable relationships. The study population was active students of a university in East Java, and the sample was taken by purposive sampling with a total sample of 91 students. This research uses a quantitative approach and questionnaire data collection methods. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear analysis with SPSS 23 software. The results of this study indicate that trust, individual capability to operate, and intention to use affect mobile banking use. In contrast, the quality of information systems and user attitudes do not affect the use of mobile banking. This study suggests that mobile banking providers must maintain consumers’ trust, capability to operate, and attitude so that the use of mobile banking is increased.
RESEARCH ARTICLE The Presence of Nuclear Cactus in the Early Drosophila Embryo May Extend the Dynamic Range of the Dorsal Gradient

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In a developing embryo, the spatial distribution of a signaling molecule, or a morphogen gra-dient, has been hypothesized to carry positional information to pattern tissues. Recent mea-surements of morphogen distribution have allowed us to subject this hypothesis to rigorous physical testing. In the early Drosophila embryo, measurements of the morphogen Dorsal, which is a transcription factor responsible for initiating the earliest zygotic patterns along the dorsal-ventral axis, have revealed a gradient that is too narrow to pattern the entire axis. In this study, we use a mathematical model of Dorsal dynamics, fit to experimental data, to de-termine the ability of the Dorsal gradient to regulate gene expression across the entire dor-sal-ventral axis. We found that two assumptions are required for the model to match experimental data in both Dorsal distribution and gene expression patterns. First, we as-sume that Cactus, an inhibitor that binds to Dorsal and prevents it from entering the nuclei, must itself be present in the nuclei. And second, we assume that fluorescence measure-ments of Dorsal reflect both free Dorsal and Cactus-bound Dorsal. Our model explains the dynamic behavior of the Dorsal gradient at lateral and dorsal positions of the embryo, the
ALPACAS: A Large-Scale Privacy-Aware Collaborative Anti-Spam System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While the concept of collaboration provides a natural defense against massive spam emails directed at large numbers of recipients, designing effective collaborative anti-spam systems raises several important research challenges. First and foremost, since emails may contain confidential information, any collaborative anti-spam approach has to guarantee strong privacy protection to the participating entities. Second, the continuously evolving nature of spam demands the collaborative techniques to be resilient to various kinds of camouflage attacks. Third, the collaboration has to be lightweight, efficient, and scalable. Towards addressing these challenges, this paper presents ALPACAS - a privacy-aware framework for collaborative spam filtering. In designing the ALPACAS framework, we make two unique contributions. The first is a feature-preserving message transformation technique that is highly resilient against the latest kinds of spam attacks. The second is a privacy-preserving protocol that provides enhanced privacy guarantees to the participating entities. Our experimental results conducted on a real email dataset shows that the proposed framework provides a 10 fold improvement in the false negative rate over the Bayesian-based Bogofilter when faced with one of the recent kinds of spam attacks. Further, the privacy breaches are extremely rare. This demonstrates the strong privacy protection provided by the ALPACAS system.
Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of ganglion cysts. Cross-sectional study of 354 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this first immunohistochemical study of GCs, focal cellular lining of the cavity was observed in almost all cases, and the immunophenotype was identical to that of GC wall cells. These cells are immunohistochemically different from synoviocytes and scapholunate ligament cells and show characteristics of myofibroblasts or mesenchymal cells undergoing early muscle differentiation.
Energy manipulation of isonitrogenous diets for broiler chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 378 unsexed Anak broiler chicks were used to assess the effects of varying energy levels and manipulation on growth, haematology, and carcass traits. The experiment was conducted in two phases. First, one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to one of three starter diets, which differed in their energy density (LSE: 2786.80 Kcal/kg; OSE: 3015.40 Kcal/kg; and HSE: 3252.20 Kcal/kg). The chicks were assigned to seven replicates per treatment with 18 chicks per replicate. When the chicks were 27 days old, they were randomly re-allocated to three finisher diets (LFE: 2770.66 Kcal/kg, OFE: 2961.74 Kcal/kg, and HFE: 3150.43 Kcal/kg). Thus, there were seven replicates of nine treatments with six chicks per replicate in the finishing phase. The starter and finisher diets were isonitrogenous. Birds fed the OSE and HSE starter diets gained more weight and were heavier at 27 days than birds fed LSE. Energy intake by birds fed HSE was greater than by birds fed OSE, and birds fed OSE had greater energy intake than birds fed LSE. Feed conversion ratio was improved for birds fed OSE and HSE. Birds fed LSE and then HFE consumed the least feed and gained as much or more weight during the finisher phase as any other group. Overall, FCR between days 27 and 50 tended to differ among the treatments (P =0.06). Total protein intake increased with decreasing dietary energy in both phases. Varying dietary energy levels did not affect the haematological parameters, carcass traits and internal organ weights.
Recognising and responding to radicalisation at the ‘frontline’: Assessing the capability of school teachers to recognise and respond to radicalisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Governments across the west have put teachers at the forefront of efforts to tackle radicalisation of young people based on their proximity to potentially vulnerable students. This has proven controversial, as critics claim that this securitises teachers’ work and that they cannot be expected to accurately identify and respond to extremism. Despite investment in P/CVE teacher training, research to assess teachers’ competence to identify signs of radicalisation and to respond in an appropriate manner is scarce. This article presents findings from a survey experiment with 2,173 teachers in Great Britain and Denmark. It shows that British and Danish teachers largely recognise radicalisation cues and respond to student radicalisation in similar ways. However, our data shows that British teachers are more likely than Danish teachers to react formally (e.g. report to authorities), and that British teachers feel more confident in reacting to signs of radicalisation. The results enhance our understanding of the effects of radicalisation prevention in schools. Furthermore, they challenge arguments within the extant literature by suggesting that what leads to concerns of radicalisation is not entirely subjective or completely context dependent.
Primary Tonsillar Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis still maintains its place among important diseases today. This is becoming a problem not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. Upper respiratory tuberculosis is rare in our country. Tuberculosis bacillus can settle in the mouth, tonsils, tongue, nose, epiglottis, larynx, and pharynx. A 16-year-old female patient living in a dormitory was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of tonsillitis recurring 8-9 times a year and a chronic sore throat. Tonsillectomy operation was performed, and tonsillar tissues were sent for pathological examination. Pathology result was reported as caseified granulomatous tonsillitis. Her tuberculin skin test was 20 mm in diameter. The Ziehl-Neelsen staining examination of tonsillar tissue revealed tuberculosis bacillus stained positively in two areas. Other respiratory organs examined for tuberculosis and was found to be normal. With the diagnosis of primary tonsil tuberculosis, the patient was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. After two months of quadruple therapy, isoniazid and rifampicin were given for additional 4 months. The patient is now in the second year after the treatment and no recurrence finding has been observed. Tuberculosis is a disease that can affect all organs and tissues. In this respect, in case of suspicion pathological and microbiological examination of postoperative tonsillectomy materials is particularly important.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to empirically test the relationship between agriculture economic growth and energy consumption in India covering the annual time series data for the period 1985 to 2017 on four economic indicators namely agricultural value added (constant 2010 US$) as an alternate favoring fiscal development of agriculture, energy spending represented by agricultural electricity consumption (GWh), agricultural gas consumption (mmcft) and agricultural oil consumption (tons) in India. The study variables are assessed for stationary using the ADF tests and after confirming the same order of integration, the Johansen's Co-integration Test is exercised to find the extended association amid agriculture growth and energy consumption. Both the Trace and Lmax tests found that there exists one co-integrating equation in the system. The co-integration test confirms the long run equilibrium relation between energy consumption and agricultural economic growth in India. The short run relationships are tested by using the VECM methodology and finally the impulse responses are studied for the forecast horizon of ten years period to assess the performance of agricultural growth Vis a Vis energy consumption by imposing one standard deviation shock to the independent variables.Keywords: Co-integration, Agricultural Growth, Energy Use & Time Series AnalysisJEL Classifications: C32, O13, Q40DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9711
Feasibility of a Group-Based Purpose Renewal Intervention for Cancer Survivors Via Zoom

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to both existential distress and the rapid adoption of telehealth-based services. Little is known about the feasibility of delivering group occupational therapy intervention to address purpose-related existential distress via face-to-face synchronous videoconferencing. The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of providing a purpose in life renewal intervention to breast cancer survivors via Zoom. Descriptive data were collected on acceptability and implementability of the intervention. Limited-efficacy testing involved a prospective pretest–posttest study where participants with breast cancer ( n = 15) received an eight-session purpose renewal group intervention plus a Zoom tutorial. Participants completed standardized measures of meaning and purpose at pretest and posttest, and a forced-choice Purpose Status Question. The purpose renewal intervention was acceptable and implementable via Zoom. Pre–post changes in purpose in life were not statistically significant. Group-based purpose in life renewal intervention is acceptable and implementable when delivered via Zoom.
Generalized Transport Mean Shift algorithm for ubiquitous intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Much research has been conducted recently relating to ubiquitous intelligent computing. Ubiquitous intelligence-enabled techniques, such as clustering and image segmentation, have focused on the development of intelligence methodologies. In this paper, a simultaneous mode-seeking and clustering algorithm called the Generalized Transport Mean Shift (GTMS) was introduced. The data points were designated as the ‘transporter–trailer’ characteristic. The important concept of transportation was used to solve the problem of redundant computations of mode-seeking algorithms. The time complexity of the GTMS algorithm is much lower than that of the Mean Shift (MS) algorithm. This means it is able to be used in a problem that has a very high data point, in particular, the segmentation of images containing the green vegetation. The proposed algorithm was tested on clustering and image-segmentation problems. The experimental results showed that the GTMS algorithm improves upon the existing algorithms in terms of both accuracy and time consumption. The GTMS algorithm’s highest speed is also 333.98 times faster than that of the standard MS algorithm. The redundancy computation can be reduced by omitting more than 90% of the data points at the third iteration of the mode-seeking process. This is because GTMS algorithm mainly reduces the data in the mode-seeking process. Thus, use of the GTMS algorithm would allow for the building of an intelligent portable device for surveying green vegetables in a ubiquitous environment.
1.06-µm and 1.44-µm Nd:YAG lasers with apodized reflectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the present tasks in high-power solid-state laser development is to increase the beam quality. For 1.06 micrometer Nd:YAG lasers with unstable resonators, superGaussian outcoupling mirror can be used to obtain a high central intensity peak. Still, it contains less than half the power. Part of the rest should be focusable if bifocusing is avoided by birefringence compensation. If used with stable resonators, graded reflectivity mirrors were able to reduce the maximum beam parameter product from 16 to 10 mm*mrad. The maximum output power of 360 W remained unchanged. For 1.44 micrometer Nd:YAG lasers, which are used in laser medicine, apodized gratings have to be used instead of gradient mirrors. Preliminary investigations and first results are presented
Systemic Triangulation, a Tool for Complex Urban Diagnosis. The Case of Horsh Beirut

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Perceived as a complex system, public space could be examined through the means of complexity thinking. Complexity thinking not only offers a new urban terminology delivering interesting insights on the city and its public space, it also offers new tools that could deepen our understanding of their major issues. In this paper, the complex case of Horsh Beirut is diagnosed with one of these tools: Systemic Triangulation. As a trans disciplinary tool for relational diagnosis, Systemic Triangulation acknowledges the inscription of urban problems in structural, functional and dynamic continuums, establishing the relationships between them, and projecting interactions between the system and its environment. This paper searches for the implication of this method, based on non-linear representations of urban reality, in public space design and management. And explores to what extent the systemic approach could give us fresh answers on classic urban problems such as dysfunctional green public spaces and spatial segregation.