jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding Sociocultural and Psychological Factors Affecting Transgender People of Color in San Francisco

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This ethnographic qualitative study explored the needs of transgender people of color, including biological transitioning issues, gender and group membership identity formation, HIV, and other health issues. The sample consisted of transgender youth and adults of color in San Francisco (N = 43). Data were collected from in-depth interviews with 20 youth and adults and focus groups with 23 individuals. The study focused on perspectives of racial and ethnic minorities from Asian/Pacific Islander, African American, and Latino backgrounds. The medical decision-making perspective was used to gain a deeper understanding of sociocultural and psychological factors affecting transgender individuals of color in San Francisco. The major themes that emerged were gender identity, group membership, transitioning and related issues, sex work, alcohol and drug use, mental health and health care, sense of community, HIV, resources, and other support. Key clinical considerations that health providers can use to improve care of transgender individuals of color are included.
Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Deep Learning Approach Using Brain MRI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease is one kind of neurological condition for which people gradually decrease their mental capacity and memory. The number of Alzheimer's patients nowadays is rising quickly, which is quite concerning for the advancement of humanity. The scenario is much more terrible because this illness has no cure. A professional neurologist needs to examine medical imaging techniques including PET scans, CT scans, and MRIs for diagnosing an Alzheimer's patient. This procedure is time- and resource-intensive. Many people hesitate to treat Alzheimer's disease because of this instability. The potential for early detection of Alzheimer's disease might be achieved by the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, the MRI dataset has an issue in class imbalance problem. To address the problems in the dataset, a data balancing technique called SMOTETomek is used and then a lightweight CNN model is developed that uses MRI images as input and determines a patient's stage. In terms of recall, precision, accuracy, ROC curve, and f1 score, the performance of the CNN model has been compared with a few transfer learning algorithms. Therefore, using the proposed model, each Alzheimer's patient may determine what stage of the disease they are now in and take further actions to lower the mortality rate of Alzheimer's patients. The model under consideration demonstrates superior performance when compared to previous models, with an accuracy rate of 97.50%.
Clinical standards for diabetes care in Scotland

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ing clinical standards in diabetes care. In 1999 the two physician colleges, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (RCPSG) and the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) met with Specialist Societies in Scotland and formed a Bicollegiate Steering Committee for Clinical Standards (BSCCS). A Diabetes Specialty Group involving representatives from both Colleges and Diabetes UK produced five standards for diabetes and these have been published on College Websites (www.rcpe.ac.uk/esd/clinical_standards/diabetes_standards.html) and are shown in table 1. In 1999 the Clinical Standards Board for Scotland (CSBS) was established as a special Health Board with the task of running a national system of quality assurance and accreditation of clinical services. The aim was to promote public confidence in NHS Scotland. In the Scottish Health Plan – A Plan for Action, A Plan for Change – a commitment was made to the development of a national framework for diabetes services, including the development of clinical standards for diabetes. The CSBS had responsibility for the development of these standards and in 2001 the Board established a Diabetes Project Group. Membership included members of the public, people with diabetes and healthcare professionals who were tasked with developing a set of standards spanning the range of diabetes care which patients and professionals considered important. The standard setting process was accessible and inclusive with two open meetings that involved lively workshops discussing draft proposals. After reflecting feedback at the meetings and comments in written submissions Clinical Standards Diabetes was published on International Diabetes Day 2001. The next step involved the development of a self-assessment tool for NHS Boards in Scotland to use for their primary and specialist care services. In the summer of 2002 the standards are due to be piloted in three areas prior to finalisation. Following this, all existing diabetes services in Scotland shall be systematically examined using this self-assessment tool in association with peer review team visits. The exercise will culminate in the CSBS publishing a report of its findings. In the development of both sets of standards the BSCCS and CSBS groups only considered evidence-based diabetes standards. This was greatly helped by the simultaneous development of SIGN Guideline 55. There was impressive overlap in membership of these three groups as well as the associated Scottish Diabetes Framework Working Group such that ownership of guidelines and standards never became a contentious issue. The credibility of the CSBS Standards is enhanced by the basic principles that apply. The aim is to produce standards which: Clinical standards for diabetes care in Scotland
Nanostructuring metal-carbon composites for electrochemical biosensors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High performance electrochemical sensors are capable of detecting various biosignals and molecules from biological samples. Particularly, certain analytes with very low concentration within body fluids such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide or heavy metal ions are difficult to be detected. To fabricate electrochemical sensors, novel materials with excellent electrochemical properties are required. Nanostructured carbon-metal composite materials have high performance for electrochemical sensing. While some metal or metal oxide nanoparticles are good at catalysis of analytes, carbon based materials such as graphene and nanotubes are excellent electron-conducting template. Nanocomposites can synergize the properties of various individual nanomaterials, giving rise to materials with enhanced performance and interesting properties. Nanostructuring refers to methods to form small nanoscale particles into high surface area three dimensional networks. Various forms of nanostructuring of these composite materials are explored in this thesis, with carbon based materials as starting template followed by nanostructuring using metal or metal oxides for electrochemical sensors. Namely, electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles onto reduced graphene oxide sheets, chemical functionalization between graphene nanosheets and gold nanoparticles, hydrothermal growth of metal oxides onto carbon nanotubes. Through these explorations, a flexible electrode formed by carbon nanotubes is fabricated and gold nanoparticles grown onto the electrode in situ for enzymatic immobilization and detection of glucose. In brief, this research project covers nanostructured metal and carbon composite materials’ synthesis and characterization, utilizing them for electrochemical sensor. By combining these different materials, it is aimed to achieve higher sensitivity and performance, as well as allowing the better understanding on the fundamentals of electron transfer and redox reactions on electrochemical biosensing.
P2-410 Factors associated with alcohol use and abuse in rural community in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with use and alcohol abuse among the 1115 individuals from a rural community with coverage of the Family Health Strategy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this survey was descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The mean score of consumption, measured by the AUDIT, was 3.8 (range 1–20, SD ±6.08). Multiple regression analysis showed that the factors that best explained the variability of alcohol consumption were sex (p=<0.001), age (p=0.113), family income (p=0.052), education (p=0.382), and State Civil (p=0.974), with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.399. In another analysis, excluding the variable marital status, the variables associated with alcohol consumption were sex (p=<0.001), age (p=0.113), family income (p=0.05) and education (p=0.380) with the coefficient of determination equals 0.419. The results identified issues to be considered in developing measures to protect health, with emphasis on controlling alcohol use and harm reduction.
Comments on "Properties of electromagnetic beams generated by ultra-wide bandwidth pulse-driven arrays" [with reply]

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The commenter maintains that there are some errors in the above-titled paper by R.W. Ziolkowski (see ibid., vol.40, no.8, p888-905, Aug. 1992) that may affect some results and the conclusion of the paper. Ziolkowski replies that the commenter's analysis is incorrect and does not reproduce experimentally known results, because of an incorrect model of the receiver corresponding to the matched transmitter. Ziolkowski presents further analysis in support of this condition.< >
Illuminating the dark mess of fibers: Application of circular cross polarized light in unravelling the bone tissue structure of the dermal pectoral girdle of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Current understanding of the histology of the dermoskeleton of tetrapods comes from fossilized and recent remains of skulls, osteoderms, carapace, plastron and other postcranial material which were always investigated using linear cross polarized light (LCPL) microscopy. The pectoral girdle of vast majority of non‐amniote tetrapods, including temnospondyls evolved large ventrally located dermal bones‐ the interclavicle and a pair of clavicles. Despite that, there is a lack of information about the bone tissue structure from these postcranial dermal bones. This study used circular cross polarized light (CCPL) to investigate the bone tissue composition and structure from the pectoral dermoskeleton of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis , a Late Triassic temnospondyl known to have evolved massive pectoral dermal bones which could have played a role in buoyancy control in these aquatic amphibians. This novel technique shines light into the fine structure of interwoven structural fibers (ISF), a common matrix found in ossified dermal tissues, is a mesh of loops and strands of collagen instead of a lattice patterned matrix as described previously by using LCPL in previous studies that dealt with ossified elements of dermal origin. Our result of ISF is achieved by eliminating bone fiber extinction under CCPL visualization. This feature of CCPL also sheds light into the transitional forms between interwoven and parallel‐fibered matrices which was never previously observed. This study shows that the historical understanding of histology of bone tissue from skeletal dermal elements is limited not only due to lack of sampling but also due to the limitations of mineralized tissue visualization with LCPL.
Impulsively generated fast coronal pulsations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Rapid oscillations in the corona are discussed from a theoretical standpoint, developing some previous work on ducted, fast magnetoacoustic waves in an inhomogeneous medium. In the theory, impulsively (e.g., flare) generated mhd (magnetohydrodynamic) waves are ducted by regions of low Alfven speed (high density) such as coronal loops. Wave propagation in such ducts is strongly dispersive and closely akin to the behavior of Love waves in seismology, Pekeris waves in oceanography and guided waves in fiber optics. Such flare-generated magnetoacoustic waves possess distinctive temporal signatures consisting of periodic, quasi-periodic and decay phases. The quasi-periodic phase possesses the strongest amplitudes and the shortest time scales. Time scales are typically of the order of a second for inhomogeneities (coronal loop width) of 1000 km and Alfven speeds of 1000/kms, and pulse duration times are of tens of seconds. Quasi-periodic signatures have been observed in radio wavelengths for over a decade and more recently by SMM. It is hoped that the theoretical ideas outlined may be successfully related to these observations and thus aid the interpretation of oscillatory signatures recorded by SMM. Such signatures may also provide a diagnostic of coronal conditions. New aspects of the ducted mhd waves, for example their behavior in smoothly varying as opposed to tube-like inhomogeneities, are currently under investigation. The theory is not restricted to loops but applied equally to open field regions.
1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We evaluated MR spectroscopy improves the preoperative diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative type of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Materials and methods: After review of conventional MR images and medical records, we retrospectively reviewed proton MR spectra in seven patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma diagnosed by means of biopsy. Relative ratio of choline (Cho), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and lipid-lactate (Lip-Lac) to creatine (Cr) were measured for quantitative analysis. Results: The average ratio of Cho/Cr was , NAA/Cr was , and Lip-Lac/Cr was . All cases of lymphomas showed increased Lip-Lac peak. Two case of mass forming lymphoma showed decreased NAA/Cr significantly, whereas five cases of lymphoma without mass formation showed preserved NAA/Cr. Conclusion : We thought the presence of Lip-Lac peak without significant reduction of NAA on the MR spectroscopy was helpful for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative type of central nervous system lymphoma.
Zinc abrogates anticancer drug tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing redox imbalance, NO/iNOS/NF-ĸB signaling, and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in female rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tamoxifen (TAM) is used in breast cancer chemotherapy since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration in 1977. However, TAM therapy is accompanied with hepatotoxicity - a source of worry to clinicians. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the major implicated mechanisms contributing to TAM hepatotoxicity. In this study, we explored whether zinc (Zn) supplementation could prevent TAM-induced hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats. Rats were subjected to oral pretreatment of Zn (100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) for 14 days against hepatic toxicity induced by single intraperitoneal administration of TAM (50 mg/kg b.w.) on day 13. TAM markedly elevated serum liver enzymes, whereas total protein and albumin considerably reduced. TAM caused prominent depletion of hepatic-reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Also, TAM significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Further, it raised liver levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) confirmed by the liver histopathological alterations. The mechanistic inflammatory expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB), and expression of caspase-3 protein prominently increased. Zinc supplementation significantly modulated serum liver function markers, antioxidant enzymes, and GSH and MDA levels. Zinc downregulated the expression of cytokines, NO, iNOS, NF-ĸB and caspase-3, and ameliorated histopathological changes. Zinc protects against TAM-induced hepatotoxicity; it may serve as an adjuvant supplement for female patients undergoing TAM chemotherapy.
Targeting the culprit: vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenesis of many strokes originates in the vessel wall. Despite this, most traditional imaging focuses on the vascular lumen. Vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging (VWMRI) is useful for establishing the etiology of intracranial stenosis. It also provides information regarding atherosclerotic plaque composition and thus plaque vulnerability, which is an indication of its potential to cause a stroke. In this review we focus on the characteristics of VWMRI findings in various arteriopathies related to intracranial artery stenosis, and discuss the clinical implications of these findings.
Engineering Specification Document (ESD) of X-ray Vacuum Transport System (XVTS) for LCLS XTOD

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The vacuum system of the X-Ray Vacuum Transport System (XVTS) for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray Transport, Optics and Diagnostics (XTOD) system has been analyzed and configured by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's New Technologies Engineering Division (NTED) as requested by the SLAC/LCLS program. The preliminary system layout, detailed analyses and suggested selection of the vacuum components for the XTOD tunnel section are presented in the preliminary design report [1]. This document briefly reviews the preliminary design and provides engineering specifications for the system, which can be used as 'design to' specifications for the final design. Also included are the requirements of plans for procurement, mechanical integration, schedule and the cost estimates.
[Neuroprotective effects of semax in MPTP-induced disturbances of brain dopamine system].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Effects of an ACTH (4-10) analogue Semax (MEHFPGP) on behaviour of white rats with MPTP-induced disturbances of brain DA-system have been studied. It was shown that MPTP administration (25 mg/kg) reduced motor activity and auhmented the anxiety level in rats. Semax administration (daily intranasal 0.2 mg/kg) attenuated behaviour disturbances induced by neurotoxin. The observed protective action of Semax in rats with MFTP-induced DA system disturbances may be due to both its modulating influence on the brain DA system and peptide neuroprotective effects.
Turkey vs. China: Assessing Perceptions of the Economic, Political and Cultural Influence in Albania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China and Turkey are two countries exerting relevant global influence, both politically and economically. Their influence in Albania lies in several dimensions including economic, political and cultural dimensions. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare perceptions of the economic, political and cultural influence of Turkey and China in Albania. It was hypothesized that Turkey would be rated higher across all dimensions. Methodology Participants were 80 young adults, all members of the political forum FRESSH. They were aged between 17 and 32 years old (mean age= 23.76 years, SD=3.67 years), 51.3% of the sample was female while 48.8% male. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire assessing attitudes of youth as regards the influence of non-European countries such as Russia Turkey and China in Albania. Results and conclusions: Politically engaged youth perceive a moderate influence from Turkey, mainly in the economic dimension, and less in the political or cultural dimensions. Although Turkish influence is perceived as stronger than Chinese influence, the two countries are not perceived as strong barriers to European Integration.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Ethirothrips brevis (Bagnall, 1921)", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012704-250310093411724/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
The Calreticulin gene and myeloproliferative neoplasms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms include polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Patients with these conditions were mainly thought to harbour JAK2V617F mutations or an Myeloproliferative leukaemia ( MPL ) substitution. In 2013, two revolutionary studies identified recurrent mutations in a gene that encodes the protein calreticulin (CALR). This mutation was detected in patients with PMF and ET with non-mutated JAK2 or MPL but was absent in patients with PV. The CALR gene encodes the calreticulin protein, which is a multifactorial protein, mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum in chromosome 19 and regulates calcium homeostasis, chaperones and has also been implicated in multiple cellular processes including cell signalling, regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, autoimmunity and apoptosis. Somatic 52 bp deletions and recurrent 52 bp insertion mutations in CALR were detected and all resulted in frameshift and clusters in exon 9 of the gene. This review will summarise the current knowledge on the CALR gene and mutation of the gene in pathological conditions and patient phenotypes.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Anak dan Perempuan Pasca Perceraian

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In general, it can be said that it is the will of the people who carry out the marriage, that the marriage will continue and only be interrupted when one of the husbands or wives dies. But in reality, maintaining a happy and eternal family is not easy. In the course of the household, there are often problems that result in disputes and quarrels. When the rights of one party are violated, or one of the parties does not carry out their obligations, there will be turmoil in the household. Many husbands and wives finally decide to end their marriage by divorce. Divorce has legal consequences both for ex-husbands and ex-wives and for children. The Marriage Law does not provide a clear description if there is a dispute or struggle for child custody (hadhanah), then custody of the child is given to the father or mother. However, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) provides a more detailed description of child custody or hadhanah. Based on Article 105 in conjunction with Article 156 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Keywords: Post-divorce, children's rights, women's rights. Pada umumnya, dapat dikatakan bahwa, sudah menjadi kehendak dari orang-orang yang melangsungkan perkawinan, agar perkawinannya berlangsung terus menerus dan hanya terputus apabila salah seorang baik suami ataupun isteri meninggal dunia. Namun dalam kenyataanya, mempertahankan keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal tidaklah mudah. Dalam perjalanan rumah tangga, seringkali terjadi masalah yang mengakibatkan perselisihan dan pertengkaran. Ketika hak salah satu pihak dilanggar,atau salah satu pihak tidak menjalankan kewajibannya, maka akan timbul gejolak dalamrumah tangga tersebut. Banyak suami-isteri yang pada akhirnya memutuskan untuk untuk mengakhiri pernikahannya dengan perceraian. Perceraianmempunyai akibat hukum baik terhadap bekas suami maupun bekas isteri dan terhadap anak. Undang-Undang Perkawinan tidak memberikan uraian secara tegas jika terjadi sengketa atau perebutan hak asuh anak (hadhanah), maka hak asuh anak diberikan kepada bapak atau ibunya. Namun Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) memberikan uraian yang lebih detail tentang hak asuh anak atau hadhanah. Berdasarkan Pasal 105 jo Pasal 156 Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Kata kunci: Pasca perceraian, hak-hak anak, hak-hak perempuan