jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pan-tumor activity of olomorasib (LY3537982), a second-generation KRAS G12C inhibitor (G12Ci), in patients with KRAS G12C-mutant advanced solid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3007 Background: Olomorasib is a potent and highly selective second-generation inhibitor of GDP-bound KRAS G12C, which preclinically delivers >90% sustained target occupancy. Here, we report updated results from LOXO-RAS-20001, a phase 1/2 study of olomorasib in patients with KRAS G12C-mutant advanced solid tumors (NCT04956640). Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors positive for KRAS G12C (tissue or plasma) were eligible. Dose escalation used a mTPI-2 method, followed by expansion cohorts in NSCLC (with/without prior G12Ci), CRC, and other solid tumors. Safety was evaluated across all pts dosed. Antitumor activity per RECIST v1.1 was studied in all pts who had ≥1 post-baseline response assessment (PBRA) or had discontinued before the first PBRA. Serial ctDNA analysis was performed using FoundationOne Liquid CDx. Results: As of 30 October 2023, 157 pts (58 NSCLC, 32 CRC, 24 PANC, 43 other solid tumors) received single agent olomorasib (50-200 mg BID PO); 29 pts with NSCLC had received a prior KRAS G12Ci. Median age was 65 yrs (range, 36-85), median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 (range, 0-11). Any grade TRAEs were 62%; TRAEs ≥10% were diarrhea (24%), fatigue (10%), and nausea (10%); grade ≥3 TRAEs were 5%. TRAEs led to dose hold in 10% of pts, dose reduction in 3%, and discontinuation in 2%. Among 10 pts treated after discontinuing prior G12Ci due to toxicity (5/10 due to LFT increase), 1 pt (10%) required olomorasib dose reduction and none discontinued due to toxicity. 68 pts are ongoing and 89 discontinued treatment. 146 pts were efficacy evaluable (120 G12Ci-naïve; 26 with prior G12Ci) with a median follow-up of 10 months (95% CI, 7-13). As anticipated, ORR was lower in 32 pts with CRC (9%, 3 PR; DCR 84%) 1 and higher in 88 pts with non-CRC tumors (40%, 30 PR and 5 uPR pending/ongoing in 13 unique tumor types; DCR 90%). mPFS ranged across tumor types from 4 months (CRC, 95% CI, 3-7) to 9 months (NSCLC, 95% CI, 3-NE). In the 26 efficacy evaluable NSCLC pts with prior KRAS G12Ci treatment (16 discontinued due to PD, 9 due to AE), the ORR was 39% (9 PR, 1 uPR pending/ongoing; DCR 73%); mPFS was 6 months (95% CI, 3-NE). In 37 pts with ctDNA results at baseline and ongoing, ctDNA response (>50% KRAS G12C VAF reduction) was seen in pts with PR (11/11), SD (17/22), and PD (1/4). Conclusions: Olomorasib demonstrates efficacy across a range of KRAS G12C-mutant solid tumors with a favorable safety profile including in pts with prior G12Ci intolerance. Activity of the second-generation G12Ci olomorasib after prior exposure to G12Ci demonstrates the increased potency and target coverage these agents can deliver compared to first generation inhibitors. Phase 2 expansion is currently enrolling pts with PANC, and a global registrational study investigating olomorasib in combination with pembrolizumab in first-line NSCLC is ongoing (NCT06119581). 1. Hollebecque A. et al. ASCO-GI 2024. Clinical trial information: NCT04956640 .
Traditional food grain storage practices of Punjab

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing environmental concerns and emphasis on evergreen revolution calls for sustainable and ecofriendly practices. Indigenous technical knowledge which is a result of years of experimentation and observations by farmers along with modern scientific technology can meet the above mentioned challenges. A study was conducted in Malwa region of Punjab state of India to identify the traditional practices and to know the scientific basis of these practices, if any. Traditional practices were identified from well experienced farmers from 12 villages through interviews and focus group techniques. Scientific basis was discussed with biological scientists on three point continuum. Majority of the identified indigenous practices were said to be scientifically agreeable, having scientific basis which needs further standardization.
The Economic Case for Global Vaccinations: An Epidemiological Model with International Production Networks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on both lives and livelihoods in 2020. The arrival of effective vaccines can be a major game changer. However, vaccines are in short supply as of early 2021 and most of them are reserved for the advanced economies. We show that the global GDP loss of not inoculating all the countries, relative to a counterfactual of global vaccinations, can be higher than the cost of manufacturing and distributing vaccines globally. We use an economic-epidemiological framework that combines a SIR model with international production and trade networks. Based on this framework, we estimate the costs for 65 countries and 35 sectors. Our estimates suggest that up to 49 percent of the global economic costs of the pandemic in 2021 are borne by the advanced economies even if they achieve universal vaccination in their own countries.
The Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Behavior of the Zearalenones, A New Family of Biologically Active Natural Products

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The gas-liquid chromatographic behavior of a group of zearalenones has been investigated through the use of both selective and nonselective stationary phases. Separation of these compounds can be effected using conditions similar to those employed for steroid work, differentiation being accomplished on the basis of molecular weight, unsaturation, functional groups, and stereochemistry. Functional group alteration has been employed to improve separations and the quantitative aspects of analysis. Separation of a pair of epimeric alcohols proved to be especially difficult, requiring the use of several approaches. The contribution of the phenolic group at the 2 position to retention behavior is considerably smaller than that of the 4-phenol, a difference ascribed to the ability of the former to intramolecularly hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group of the lactone. These methods have been employed to identify the major urinary metabolite of one of the compounds of this series in the sheep.
Prognostic factors of death in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The primary goal of intensive care is to prevent mortality in patients with reversible critical illness, while preserving or improving functional outcome. It follows that the capability to estimate patient's risk of death is extremely important.\n\nObjective To identify the prognostic factors of death, evaluate the probability of death by using Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) model, and develop the new model for predicting probability of death in children admitted to PICU in accordance with characteristic of patients in the study unit.\n\nMethods Design Retrospective study. Setting Pediatric intensive care unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Patient Two hundreds and sixty five consecutive admissions, <18 years old, during one year period.\n\nResults Logistic regression of 18 variables identified 6 prognostic factors of death (P<0.05): age, consciousness level, heart rate, platelet count, PaO2/FiO2, and use of mechanical ventilation at the first hour in PICU. PIM model predicted 17.9 deaths and this study model predicted 113.2 deaths from 200 subjects (56 died) in this study, with the area under ROC curve was 0.82 for PIM model and 0.83 for this study model.\n\nConclusion Both PIM model and this study model cannot predict mortality in this study unit accurately. It may due to the different characteristics between sample in this study and sample from which the PIM model was derived, or the lack of sample and variable in this study
The effect of an educational video game on high school students’ motivation, self-efficacy and knowledge in a History course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an educational video game on high school students’ motivation, self-efficacy and knowledge. The game tells the story of Mariano Melgar, a Peruvian thinker, patriot and hero. The authors used a quasi-experimental design and conducted pre- and post-tests to estimate the effect of the video game. The sample consisted of 67 students from two schools in Lima. The students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: playing a video game or watching a documentary. Results show that playing the video game was more effective in increasing students’ knowledge, whereas watching a documentary increased demotivation and decreased self-efficacy through vicarious experience. In view of this, it is important to explore further video games’ usefulness as educational materials.
Deep Electromagnetic Structure Design Under Limited Evaluation Budgets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electromagnetic structure (EMS) design plays a critical role in developing advanced antennas and materials, but remains challenging due to high-dimensional design spaces and expensive evaluations. While existing methods commonly employ high-quality predictors or generators to alleviate evaluations, they are often data-intensive and struggle with real-world scale and budget constraints. To address this, we propose a novel method called Progressive Quadtree-based Search (PQS). Rather than exhaustively exploring the high-dimensional space, PQS converts the conventional image-like layout into a quadtree-based hierarchical representation, enabling a progressive search from global patterns to local details. Furthermore, to lessen reliance on highly accurate predictors, we introduce a consistency-driven sample selection mechanism. This mechanism quantifies the reliability of predictions, balancing exploitation and exploration when selecting candidate designs. We evaluate PQS on two real-world engineering tasks, i.e., Dual-layer Frequency Selective Surface and High-gain Antenna. Experimental results show that our method can achieve satisfactory designs under limited computational budgets, outperforming baseline methods. In particular, compared to generative approaches, it cuts evaluation costs by 75-85%, effectively saving 20.27-38.80 days of product designing cycle.
Thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermoelectric generators are solid state machines used to convert temperature gradients into electrical energy. They are formed by several thermoelectric units connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. These units are made by creating a junction between a p-type and an n-type conductor. This investigation documents the characterisation of the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) films and the fabrication process of carbon nanotube-based thermoelectric devices. The Seebeck coefficient is a intrinsic property of a thermoelectric material that correlates the voltage produced by a conductor and the temperature gradient applied to it. To measure the Seebeck coefficient of films, an experimental set-up was fabricated and calibrated using constantan as standard material. CNT films of aligned nanotubes fabricated using a chemical vapour deposition method were analysed. The Seebeck coefficient along and across the samples did not show significant variations, with values between 40$\mu$V/K and 80$\mu$V/K. Using these CNT films, thermoelectric cells were fabricated with the CNT as the p-type conductor and constantan as the n-type. As a proof of concept, two hand-made thermoelectric generators were assembled by connecting hundreds of these thermoelectric cells. These devices were subjected to a temperature gradient of $\approx$200K, which was enough to produce enough power to light an LED. Other analytical techniques were used to characterise the materials used in this work. Electrical conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Using a deposition technique, films of nanotubes were produced from a liquid phase. The impact of the production method on their properties was evaluated. Characterisation equipment was developed to measure the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. Thermoelectric devices made with the carbon nanotube films were fabricated and characterised. The values of thermal conductivity of the CNT films analysed in this work are between 0.86Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$. The electrical conductivity of these materials is between 3500Sm$^{-1}$ and 14100Sm$^{-1}$. The maximum figure of merit of the carbon nanotube thermoelectric devices fabricated in this work is $ZT$=0.35.
Overcoming Design Problems in Evaluating Health Behavior Programs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasing importance of high-quality evaluative research on health lifestyle change programs is established. Failure to ask the right evaluative research questions and problems of research design are identified as two major reasons for the dearth of well-controlled, interpretable evaluations in this area. Thirteen issues of research design that need to be considered if interpretable answers to evaluative research questions are to be obtained are identified and discussed. Solutions to these problems and design recommendations are offered.
New Evolutionary Algorithm Based on 2-Opt Local Search to Solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Private Fleet and Common Carrier

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mismanagement of routing and deliveries between sites of the same company or toward external sites leads to consequences in the cost of transport. When shipping alternatives exist, the selection of the appropriate shipping alternative (mode) for each shipment may result in significant cost savings. In this paper, the authors examine a class of vehicle routing in which a fixed internal fleet is available at the warehouse in the presence of an external transporter. The authors describe hybrid Iterated Density Estimation Evolutionary Algorithm with 2-opt local search to determine the specific assignment of each tour to a private vehicle (internal fleet) or an outside carrier (external fleet). Experimental results show that this method is effective, allowing the discovery of new best solutions for well-known benchmarks.
Experimental brain infarcts in cats. II. Ischemic brain edema.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In cats, the early development of ischemic brain edema was studied 1 to 4 hours after transorbital occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Two groups of animals were compared: those in which blood flow in the territory of the MCA decreased below the threshold of 10--15 ml/100 g/min (critical ischemia) and those in which it remained above this level (non-critical ischemia). In animals with critical ischemia, water content in the cortex of the MCA territory increased from 80.7 +/- 0.4 to 83.0 +/- 0.3 vol. % (means +/- SE) within 4 h. Edema was associated with an increase in tissue osmolality by 16--22 mosm/kg w.w., and a rise of sodium from 262 +/- 9 to 454 +/- 13 meq/kg d.w. and a decrease of potassium from 442 +/- 20 to 305 +/- 32 meq/kg d.w. The sodium/potassium ratio rose from 0.60 +/- 0.03 to 1.55 +/- 0.17. The water and electrolyte disturbances were accompanied by a major shift of extracellular fluid into the intracellular compartment, as evidenced by the increase in cortical impedance from 282 to 660 ohm/cm within 2 h. According to the Maxwell equation, this reflects a narrowing of the extracellular space from 19.8 to 11.4%. Brain volume was continuously monitored using an induction transducer; swelling began within a few minutes of vascular occlusion, and it continued throughout the 4 h observation period. During this time the blood-brain barrier remained intact as evidenced by the absence of Evans blue staining. Edema was associated with disturbances of the energy producing metabolism, but there was no strict correlation with either lactate or the concentration of high energy phosphates. In animals without critical ischemia, i.e. in which blood flow remained above 10--15 ml/100 g/min, edema was absent despite a distinct deterioration of the energy state of the brain. Edema was also absent in the border zone, in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery and in the contralateral hemisphere of animals with both critical and non-critical ischemia. It is concluded that the early ischemic brain edema following middle cerebral artery occlusion is of the cytotoxic type, that it develops at a flow rate below 10--15 ml/100 g/min, and that it is not strictly correlated with the energy state of the brain.
The correlation between PAI-1gene polymorphism and ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the correlation between 4G/5G polymorphism located in the promoter region of plas-minogen activator inhibitor- 1 (PAI- 1) gene and ischemic cardio- cerebrovascular disease. Methods 4G/5G polymor-phism was measured in 199 patients with coronary heart disease or cerebral infarction and 121 subjects in control by acombination of polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP) and direct AgNO3staining technique. Results The frequency of the 4G/4G genotype was higher in patients with coronary heart disease orcerebral infarction (P0.01). The 4G/4G genotype was associated with family history of coronary heart disease or cere-bral infarction (P0.01). Conclusion the results indicated that the promoter 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI- 1 gene wasassociated with ischemic cardio- cerebrovascular disease, and individual with 4G/4G genotype is susceptible to coronaryheart disease or cerebral infarction.
Système de parenté et systèmes matrimoniaux à Gortyne

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The marriage customs at Gortyn may be explained by the terminology of the Law Code. The tribal endogamy is still a normal rule and the whole system depends upon the continuous intermarriages of cross-cousins : the epiballontes, one exogamous clan, intermarry with their kadestai, another exogamous clan. Yet there is an exception, the marriage of the patroiokos (the heiress) with an orthocousin. The Law Code of Gortyn confirms the persistence of matriarcal institution, but also the appropriation of property by the men, to the prejudice of women.
Optimal Bank Regulation in the Presence of Credit and Run Risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We modify the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) model of banking to jointly study various regulations in the presence of credit and run risk. Banks choose between liquid and illiquid assets on the asset side, and between deposits and equity on the liability side. The endogenously determined asset portfolio and capital structure interact to support credit extension, as well as to provide liquidity and risk-sharing services to the real economy. Our modifications create wedges in the asset and liability mix between the private equilibrium and a social planner's equilibrium. Correcting these distortions requires the joint implementation of a capital and a liquidity regulation.
Analysis of Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and Dipicryethane (DPE) for Mutagenicity by the Ames/Salmonella Assay

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Ames/Salmonella assay, developed by Professor Bruce Ames at the University of California, Berkeley, is a rapid and sensitive assay for detecting mutagenicity of various chemical compounds (Maron and Ames, 1983). It is a widely accepted short-term assay for detecting chemicals that induce mutations in the histidine (his) gene of Salmonella typhimurium. This is a reverse mutation assay that detects the mutational reversion of his-dependent Salmonella to the his-independent counterpart. Thereby, mutagenic compounds will increase the frequency of occurrence of his-independent bacterial colonies. The assay utilizes the specific genetically constructed strains of bacteria either with or without mammalian metabolic activation enzymes (S9), Aroclor induced rat liver homogenate to assess the mutagenicity of different compounds. In this study, we will use the Ames/Salmonella assay to investigate the mutagenicity of Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) from both Bofors and Pantex, and Dipicryethane (DPE).
Protokoll der Anhörung zum Aktionsprogramm Ökolandbau 4.-5. September 2001 in der FAL (Überarbeitete und strukturierte Fassung Nov. 2004)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The relationships between birth weight, rapid growth in childhood and early pubertal signs are complex. In addition to biological factors, food security and socioeconomic factors need to be addressed to ensure that the children of these children are exposed to an environment that is supportive of healthy rates of growth and development.
Isolation and Structure of Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C (2a, 2b, 2c) were found to be minor components of a temsirolimus preparation made from rapamycin. These three temsirolimus analogues are derived from the corresponding rapamycin analogues, homorapamycins A, B, and C (1a, 1b, 1c) produced by the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The structures of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C were determined by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for mTOR kinase inhibition and in two proliferation assays using LNCap prostate and MDA468 breast cancer cells. The results suggested that the mTOR inhibition and antiproliferation potencies for 2a, 2b, and 2c are comparable to those of rapamycin (1) and temsirolimus (2).
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in higher plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genetic engineering of plants actually started with the discovery of a pathogenic bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, causing a disease known as crown gall (tumor). The bacterium transfers a set of genes from its plasmid into infected plant cells, where the transferred genes are expressed and produced gall at the junction of root and stem (i.e., crown region of the plant). This discovery has revolutionized the plant transformation method through which any gene can be introduced into plant genome to change their genetic make-up for commercial benefits, spaning from disease resistance to the production of pharmaceutically important proteins.
An analysis of the 'know your customer' policy as an effective tool to combat money laundering: is it about who or what to know that counts?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ‘know your customer’ (KYC) policy has emerged as an important strategy for a proactive war against money laundering both nationally and internationally. In terms of this policy, financial institutions in most countries are required to identify their clients and the legitimacy of their financial transactions. The main purposes of this policy are profiling the originators of this potentially anti-economic crime as well as tracking the audit trail of any money that flows into our banking systems. However, a closer look at both the international and many of the national anti-money laundering strategies reveals that their regulatory instruments do not address both these purposes for combating money laundering. The question that needs to be asked is whether the buck of KYC policy can effectively stop with financial institutions profiling who their customers are rather than also tracking the trails of money through all the banking systems that money flows into. This paper will analyse both the South African and the international money laundering regulatory frameworks with specific focus on the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering and attempts to explore the shortfalls of the KYC policy as an anti-money laundering tool.