jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of taste genetics and oral microbiome in severe early childhood caries

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Early childhood caries (ECC) and its more severe form S-ECC are prevalent diseases linked to various etiologic factors, including sex, microbiota, diet, and genetics. Recent studies have highlighted the role of inter-kingdom interactions involving fungi and cariogenic bacteria in the onset of dental caries. However, sex-specific and oral site-specific differences in the oral microbiome are poorly characterized. Evidence suggests that there is a plausible relationship between genetic variants in taste genes and enhanced ECC risk or protection. This has been attributed to the modulatory effect of bitter taste receptors on taste preferences and oral innate immune responses. Nevertheless, previous caries studies focused on select sweet and bitter taste receptors (T1Rs and T2Rs), with minimal or no attention to other taste signal transducing proteins such as free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), salt and sour ion channels (ENaCs and OTOP1), and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Therefore, this study investigated whether variants in multiple taste genes play a role in S-ECC and the oral microbiome. The first part of the thesis focuses on characterizing the oral microbiome, identifying sex-specific and site-specific bacterial and fungal species that are associated with S-ECC. The second part evaluates the association of taste genetic variants with S-ECC and the dental plaque microbial composition. The third part investigates the role of seven genes, involved in downstream taste signaling, in S-ECC and dental biofilm composition. These studies demonstrate that sex- and site-specific differences in the oral microbiome exist. A significant difference in the abundance of Neisseria was observed between males and females with S-ECC. Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Candida dubliniensis, among others, were enriched in the dental plaque, compared to oral swabs, of children with S-ECC. Also, genetic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in taste sensations (SCNN1D, CA6, TAS2R3, OTOP1, TAS2R5, TAS2R60, TAS2R4, SCNN1B, FFAR3, TAS1R3, SCNN1G, CA7, TAS2R38, TAS2R41, TAS1R1) and downstream taste signaling components (PLCB2, GNAQ, GNAS, GNAT3, RALB, and RAC1) were associated with S-ECC and/or the composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes. Overall, these findings may improve our understanding of S-ECC etiology and help to develop more personalized predictive and preventative strategies.
Delirium and Resistance: Activist Art and the Crisis of Capitalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Capitalist crisis do not begin within art, but art reflects and even amplifies their effects. The dizzying prices achieved by artists who pander to the financial elites, the proliferation of museums that contribute to the global competition between cities to attract capital, and the strange relationship between art and the rampant gentrification that restructures the urban landscape: these are the obvious features of art's subservience to capitalism. There is a flipside, however, which shows art playing an increasingly important role in resistance to austerity and the prefiguration of a different world. Delirium and Resistance engages in critical dialogue with artists' collectives, counter-institutions and activist groups, while reflecting on the inequalities of neoliberal culture. It draws on over thirty years of critical debates and practices both in and beyond the art world to historicise and advocate for the art activist tradition that radically entangles the visual arts with political struggles
Compensation in autism is not consistent with social motivation theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Growing evidence, as presented by Jaswal & Akhtar, indicates that social motivation is not universally reduced in autism. Here, we evaluate and extend this argument in light of recent evidence of “compensation” in autism. We thereby argue that autistic “compensators” – exhibiting neurotypical behaviour despite persistent difficulties in social cognition – indicate intact or potentially heightened social motivation in autism.
Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Carriers for Gene Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Approximately 4000 diseases are associated with malfunctioning genes in a particular cell type. Gene-based therapy provides a platform to modify the disease-causing genes expression at the cellular level to treat pathological conditions. However, gene delivery is challenging as these therapeutic genes need to overcome several physiological and intracellular barriers in order, to reach the target cells. Over the years, efforts have been dedicated to develop efficient gene delivery vectors to overcome these systemic barriers. Chitosan, a versatile polysaccharide, is an attractive non-viral vector material for gene delivery mainly due to its cationic nature, biodegradability and biocompatibility. The present review discusses the design factors that are critical for efficient gene delivery/transfection and highlights the recent progress of gene therapy using chitosan-based carriers.
Deactivation ofStreptococcus mutansBiofilms on a Tooth Surface Using He Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This paper presents a study of the effect of the low temperature atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) on the Streptococcus mutans biofilms formed on tooth surface. Pig jaws were also treated by plasma to detect if there is any harmful effect on the gingiva. The plasma was characterized by using optical emission spectroscopy. Experimental data indicated that the discharge is very effective in deactivating Streptococcus mutans biofilms. It can destroy them with an average decimal reduction time (D-time) of 19 s and about 98% of them were killed after a treatment time of 30 s. According to the survival curve kinetic an overall 32 s treatment time would be necessary to perform a complete sterilization. The experimental results presented in this study indicated that the helium dielectric barrier discharge, in plan-parallel electrode configuration, could be a very effective tool for deactivation of oral bacteria and might be a promising technique in various dental clinical applications.
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Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization with Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2 derivatives: correlation between ligand structure and copolymerization behavior at high temperature

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ethylene homo- and copolymerization with 1-hexene were performed in the presence of diphenylmethylidene(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)zirconium dichloride (Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2) derivatives activated with dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (Me2PhNH·B(C6F5)4)/triisobutylaluminium (i-Bu3Al) or methylaluminoxane (MAO) to study the role of the substituent on activity, comonomer incorporation and molecular weight. C1 symmetric metallocenes which have several substituents in β-position of the cyclopentadienyl ligand produce lower molecular weight copolymers than the Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2 catalyst at 200°C, whereas the copolymerization reactivity is significantly influenced by the volume of the substituent: the trimethylsilyl substituted derivative produces ethylene/1-hexene copolymers with a broad chemical composition distribution. Polyethylene obtained with the diphenylmethylidene(cyclopentadienyl)(indenyl)zirconium dichloride (Ph2C(Cp)(Ind)ZrCl2) based catalyst is branched, and the molecular weight distribution and the chemical composition distribution are significantly affected by the cocatalyst. Cs symmetric metallocenes which have alkyl substituents in 2,7 position of the fluorenyl ligand produce higher molecular weight copolymers than the Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2 catalyst with equal copolymerization reactivity.
UK nationals who received their medical degrees abroad: selection into, and subsequent performance in postgraduate training: a national data linkage study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To compare the likelihood of success at selection into specialty training for doctors who were UK nationals but obtained their primary medical qualification (PMQ) from outside the UK (‘UK overseas graduates’) with other graduate groups based on their nationality and where they gained their PMQ. We also compared subsequent educational performance during postgraduate training between the graduate groups. Design Observational study linking UK medical specialty recruitment data with postgraduate educational performance (Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP) ratings). Setting Doctors recruited into national programmes of postgraduate specialist training in the UK from 2012 to 2016. Participants 34 755 UK-based trainee doctors recruited into national specialty training programmes with at least one subsequent ARCP outcome reported during the study period, including 1108 UK overseas graduates. Main outcome measures Odds of being deemed appointable at specialty selection and subsequent odds of obtaining a less versus more satisfactory category of ARCP outcome. Results UK overseas graduates were more likely to be deemed appointable compared with non-EU medical graduates who were not UK citizens (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.42), although less so than UK (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.27) or European graduates (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.75). However, UK overseas graduates were subsequently more likely to receive a less satisfactory outcome at ARCP than other graduate groups. Adjusting for age, sex, experience and the economic disparity between country of nationality and place of qualification reduced intergroup differences. Conclusions The failure of recruitment patterns to mirror the ARCP data raises issues regarding consistency in selection and the deaneries’ subsequent annual reviews. Excessive weight is possibly given to interview performance at specialty recruitment. Regulators and selectors should continue to develop robust processes for selection and assessment of doctors in training. Further support could be considered for UK overseas graduates returning to practice in the UK.
SuperDARN data in netCDF format (2016-Nov)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

2016-Nov SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using versions 2.5 and 3.0 of the public FitACF algorithm, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rstThe research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation. Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications. A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication. A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here: (SuperDARN Radar Overview)Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'
ESTROGENIC COMPOUNDS SUPPRESSED INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION IN MOUSE SPLENOCYTES THROUGH DIRECT CELL–CELL INTERACTION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Here, we reported the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), isoflavone genistein (Gen), and daidzein (Dai) on the production of interferon (IFN)-γ by splenocytes isolated from C57BL/6N mice. When mouse splenocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, E2, Gen, and Dai suppressed the production of IFN-γ. However, when only nonadherent cell populations of splenocytes were tested, none of these estrogenic compounds suppressed IFN-γ production. This result indicates that IFN-γ production by nonadherent cell populations of splenocytes treated with estrogens is regulated by adherent cell populations. Moreover, direct cell–cell interaction between both populations was necessary for suppression of IFN-γ production by nonadherent populations. In addition, E2 conjugated with bovine serum albumin inhibited IFN-γ production as well as E2. This result suggests that the plasma membrane–associated estrogen receptor plays a prominent role in this suppression mechanism.
Block pulse functions for solving fractional Poisson type equations with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the numerical technique based on two-dimensional block pulse functions (2D-BPFs) has been developed to approximate the solution of fractional Poisson type equations with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. These functions are orthonormal and have compact support on $[ 0,1 ]$ . The proposed method reduces the original problems to a system of linear algebra equations that can be solved easily by any usual numerical method. The obtained numerical results have been compared with those obtained by the Legendre and CAS wavelet methods. In addition an error analysis of the method is discussed. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and robustness of the technique.
Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Regional Tissue Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are used frequently in pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery. To improve data-driven transfusion decision-making in the ICU, we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the effect of RBC transfusion on cerebral and somatic regional oxygenation (rSO2). METHODS: We evaluated post- versus pre-RBC transfusion cerebral rSO2 and somatic rSO2 in all consecutive pediatric patients (age >28 days to <18 years) who underwent biventricular cardiac surgery at a single center between July 2016 and April 2020. RESULTS: The final data set included 263 RBC postoperative transfusion events in 75 patients who underwent 83 surgeries. The median pretransfusion hemoglobin was 10.6 g/dL (25th–75th percentile, 9.3–11.6). The median pretransfusion cerebral and somatic rSO2 were 63% (54–71) and 69% (55–80), which increased by a median of 3 percentage points (–2 to 6) and 2 percentage points (–3 to 6), respectively, after transfusion. After adjusting for pretransfusion hemoglobin, change in hemoglobin posttransfusion versus pretransfusion, and potential confounders (age, sex, and STAT surgical mortality risk score), the posttransfusion versus pretransfusion change in cerebral or somatic rSO2 was not statistically significant. Pretransfusion cerebral rSO2 (crSO2) was ≤50%, a previously described threshold for increased risk for unfavorable neurological outcome, for 22 of 138 (16%) transfusion events with complete pre- and post-crSO2 data. Sixteen of these 22 (73%) transfusions resulted in a posttransfusion crSO2 >50%. When restricting analysis to the first (index) transfusion after arrival to the ICU from the operating room (administered at a median of 1.15 postoperative days [25th–75th percentile, 0.84–1.93]), between-patient pretransfusion hemoglobin was not associated with pretransfusion crSO2 but within-patient posttransfusion versus pretransfusion hemoglobin difference was significantly associated with posttransfusion versus pretransfusion crSO2 difference (mean posttransfusion versus pretransfusion crSO2 difference, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–4.48). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, neither cerebral nor somatic rSO2 increased significantly post- versus pre-RBC transfusion in pediatric cardiac surgery patients admitted to the ICU after biventricular repairs. However, almost three-quarters of transfusions administered when pretransfusion crSO2 was below the critical threshold of 50% resulted in a posttransfusion crSO2 >50%. In addition, the significant within-patient change in crSO2 in relation to the change in posttransfusion versus pretransfusion hemoglobin in the immediate postoperative period suggests that a personalized approach to transfusion following within-patient trends of crSO2 rather than absolute between-patient values may be an important focus for future research.
COSI-Article matrix: linking ISCB Communities of Special Interest to Wikipedia

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wikipedia is regarded as one of the most important channels for the public communication of science; English Wikipedia has around 1,500 articles relating to computational biology, which are frequently accessed as an educational resource. Joint efforts between the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) and the Computational Biology taskforce of WikiProject Molecular Biology (a group of expert Wikipedia editors) have considerably improved computational biology representation on Wikipedia in recent years. However, there is still an urgent need for further quality improvement, primarily while comparing to related scientific fields such as genetics and medicine. Facilitating the involvement of members from ISCB COSIs (Communities of Special Interest) would improve a vital open educational resource in computational biology, additionally allowing COSIs to provide a quality educational resource particular to their subfield. This first version of the COSI-Article matrix is a binary matrix identifying relevant ISCB COSIs for all Wikipedia articles relating to computational biology, defining a domain-specific open educational resource for each COSI. In addition, quality and importance ratings for each article allow identification of areas where domain experts could improve computational biology representation.
Chain-Table Area Filling Algorithm Applied in 3-D Oil Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article,analyse the different characteristics of the filling method for which traditional seed filling algorithm needs static allocation of storage space which leads to low utilization of space and continuous operation of the stack which makes a great waste of time.And put forward a new method which adopts the method of list storage and paints the pixel first after inserts it to the list.In this method,space is allocated dynamically according to the actual needs,which reduces the waste of space and avoids some unnecessary operations.Also,it avoids the death of computer or too long time issue when computer deals with large number of data.And the new method is applied to large reservoir of high-speed model shows that improves space utilization and makes the three-dimensional reservoir model to achieve rapid display.
Inter‐organisational collaboration for the digital economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper was intended to explore the concept of learning in networks using recent literature from this emerging field. In order to do so, it takes as a case study a pan‐European e‐learning project, which required collaborative working and learning within a distributed team. Design/methodology/approach The approach has been qualitative and exploratory. Data have been collected via interviews with project partners and participant observation of the steering group meetings. Analysis has similarly been qualitative in nature. Findings Analysis suggests that there are links with earlier literature on inter‐organisational learning networks, particularly around culture, management style and leadership in virtual collaboration. Interestingly, even supposed “experts” in the field of e‐learning technologies showed a preference to work face‐to‐face. Research limitations/implications The research to date has been exploratory and small‐scale. More work is required to test the findings in a wider context. Practical implications The findings are believed to have considerable practical value, both for the European Union, as the funding body, but also for one's own practice, and that of others as they attempt to facilitate learning and collaborating in networks. Originality/value The paper adds value as it is one of only a small number to approach networked learning from a non‐experimental standpoint. It is also original in its application of the frameworks around network learning and learning in networks, as advanced by Knight in 2002 and Knight and Pye in 2002.