jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dry matter production in an association of Cenchrus ciliaris - Leucaena leucocephala subjected to a deferring use during the dry season

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a semi-arid region in western Venezuela at Zulia state, we studied
the effect of four periods of deferment of use (PDU: 42, 84, 126, and
168 days) after the first cut on the accumulation of biomass in an
association of buffel grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris ) and Leucaena (
Leucaena leucocephala ), estimating production of its components in
the grass (leaves, stems, and dead material) and the legume fine
fraction (leaves, leaf stalk, and stems with diameter less than 5 mm)
and thick fraction (stems with diameter above 5 mm). Plant samples were
taken at three strata for buffel (0-15, 15-30, and > 30 cm) and
leucaena (0-60, 60-120, and > 120 cm). After every PDU cut, plots
were harvested every 42 days to evaluate regrowth. A randomized block
experimental design with three replicates was used. Results indicated
yields for both species with values of 1,146 and 1,925 kg DM/ha for
buffel and leucaena, respectively. There were found differences among
treatments (P>0.05) only on the legume being the best PDU 42 and 0
days. The highest leaf proportion and the lowest dead material content
(P<0.05) for the grass was found on the upper layer. Meanwhile,
leucaena highest values of fine fraction was found on the medium layer.
Experimental Leptospira Pomona Infections in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Experimental Leptospira Pomona Infections in Dogs Get access N. R. Cholvin, N. R. Cholvin From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Microbiology and Public Health, and Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. V. Morse, E. V. Morse From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Microbiology and Public Health, and Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. F. Langham R. F. Langham From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Microbiology and Public Health, and Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 104, Issue 1, January 1959, Pages 92–100, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/104.1.92 Published: 01 January 1959 Article history Received: 05 August 1958 Published: 01 January 1959
YY1 transcription factor is not responsible for the negative regulation of hamster Muc1 transcription.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Muc1 is the cell surface glycoprotein abundantly expressed in cancer cells and has been shown to be involved in tumor metastasis and promotion. Recently, we identified a 37 bp segment on the hamster Muc1 promoter with the ability to suppress Muc1 transcription. This 37 bp putative negative regulatory element (NRE) binds to a transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1). In the present study, we examined whether binding of YY1 is responsible for the negative regulatory effect by the 37 bp segment using a hamster pancreatic cancer cell line, HP-1 cells, transfected with various expression plasmid constructs. Our results showed that: (1) overexpression of YY1 up-regulated the transcriptional activity of the full-length hamster Muc1 promoter in a dose-dependent manner; (2) the mutation of the YY1 binding site did not affect either the basal transcriptional activity or the increased transcriptional activity by YY1; and (3) even the deletion of the 37 bp NRE segment could not abrogate the increased transcriptional activity by YY1. We conclude that the NRE acts in a YY1-independent manner and that YY1 instead enhances Muc1 transcriptional activity. Further study of the precise mechanism by which YY1 augments Muc1 gene expression should be worthwhile.
The peri-arrest patient (incorporating BLS and ALS)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Extract Basic life support Occasionally you will be the first person on the scene. Doctors get used to running arrests, so do not freeze when you walk into a cubicle and find the unresponsive patient – just do the basics. These algorithms are included as a reminder of previously learnt basic and advanced life support skills as taught on the appropriate resuscitation council courses. For further information and reading: www.resus.org.uk Advanced life support The peri-arrest patient Junior doctors are frequently paralysed when faced with a nearly but not quite arrested patient. Remember to go back to basics. The key is simultaneous assessment and treatment. Initial assessment and actions Nominate a colleague to get IV access, order the CXR, and do the ABGs. While performing the assessment below ask the patient for a focused history if possible; otherwise ask the nurses and/or nominate someone to look through (and read aloud) the recent admission notes and the...
A hybrid subdivision surface scheme

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The J-Spline scheme was developed by Maillot and Stam to allow users the flexibility to generate limit curves which trades off between the smoothness of an approximating scheme and the adherence to the control curve of an interpolating scheme. Rossignac and Schaefer then modified the scheme such that the generated limit shapes enjoys levels of smoothness which are on par or superior to that of limit shapes generated by the approximating and interpolating schemes involved. The aim of this paper is to design the ButterLoop scheme, an adaptation of Rossignac and Schaefer's version of the J-Spline scheme on triangular meshes which involves the Loop and Butterfly subdivision schemes and interpolation parameter λ, then determine the values of λ which produce the smoothest limit surfaces based on some sample meshes as well as whether the smoothness of these limit surfaces is comparable or even superior to that of Loop subdivision. The test is performed by generating limit surfaces of 3 sample meshes for -5 ≤ λ ≤ 5 and evaluating their smoothness using the Gaussian and Mean curvature estimations. The results of the experiment indicate that 0 ≤ λ ≤ 0.8 for generating limit surfaces with the greatest quality of smoothness. Furthermore, these limit surfaces are shown to have better quality of smoothness that those produced by Loop Subdivision. This study could be improved by experimenting on a larger sample size and adapting the ButterLoop scheme to work on open meshes.
Mapping of mouse cervical lymph nodes by high frequency ultrasound.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><b>A.</b> Overview image of the HF US platform for cervical lymph node evaluation. An anesthetized B6 mouse is shown positioned on the Vevo 2100 heated imaging platform with the ventral side exposed. Each paw is tapped to a monitoring electrode and the rectal probe (blue) secured to the stage. The transducer (white) is positioned over the ventral neck area. <b>B.</b> Diagram showing relative locations of murine cervical lymph nodes. Individual neck sections visualized by HF US imaging and histology are indicated by dashed lines. Arrows denote specific positions of each mapped section relative to corresponding ultrasound and histology images. Each imaged anatomical location is numbered. M, mandibular node. AM, accessory mandibular node. SP, superficial parotid node. <b>C.</b> Serial transverse sections of the mouse neck imaged by HF US corresponding to the indicated anatomic regions in (B). <b>D.</b> Transverse cervical H&E stained histological sections corresponding to the HF US sections in (C). Arrows labeled “2” denote mandibular node as diagrammed in B. Scale bar = 1 mm. CP, cheek pouch. VT, ventral tongue. DT, dorsal tongue. E, esophagus.</p>
Fiasco: The Anglo-Franco-Soviet Alliance That Never Was and the Unpublished British White Paper, 1939–1940

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is about the Anglo-Franco-Soviet negotiations in 1939 for an alliance against Nazi Germany and about how the British government later tried to represent those negotiations to public opinion. The first part of the essay presents the Soviet point of view on the negotiations and how the British and French governments, though mainly the British, reacted to Soviet alliance proposals. It is a fresh representation of the Soviet perspective from published and unpublished Russian language sources.The second part of the essay focuses on how the British sought to represent the abortive negotiations through a white paper, placing the blame for failure on the Soviet Union. France opposed publication because, however carefully prepared, the white paper showed that the Soviet side had made serious alliance proposals with precise, reciprocal undertakings which the British government was reticent to entertain. The French were all the more annoyed because the white paper omitted to underline that they had been more receptive to Soviet proposals.The trilingual, multi-archival evidence presented in the first part of the essay effectively supports the French perception of the white paper and more generally of the failed tripartite negotiations.
High-frequency cross-correlation in a set of stocks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The high-frequency cross-correlation existing between pairs of stocks traded in a financial market are investigated in a set of 100 stocks traded in US equity markets. A hierarchical organization of the investigated stocks is obtained by determining a metric distance between stocks and by investigating the properties of the subdominant ultrametric associated with it. A clear modification of the hierarchical organization of the set of stocks investigated is detected when the time horizon used to determine stock returns is changed. The hierarchical location of stocks of the energy sector is investigated as a function of the time horizon.
High Resolution Estimation of Directions of Arrival

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel system architecture that employs the flexible tree search based orthogonal matching pursuit (FTB-OMP) algorithm for direction of arrival estimation. It is shown by simulation results that the FTB-OMP algorithm has high estimation performance and resolution capability when compared to the MUSIC and OMP algorithms. The proposed system does not require a priori knowledge on the number of directions to be resolved and uses very small amount of snapshots for convergence. It is also superior to the ESPRIT algorithm since ESPRIT cannot resolve angles that are separated more than a threshold.
Design, Analysis and Experiment of A Non-humanoid Arm Exoskeleton for Lifting Load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming to the interference with human body problem of the traditional arm exoskeleton, a non-humanoid arm exoskeleton is presented. The non-humanoid arm exoskeleton has a lager motion space, which is 20.8% more than the humanoid arm exoskeleton. The statics of the non-humanoid structure is analyzed. The minimal interaction force control strategy between the arm exoskeleton and human is used in the control system for lifting load experiment, and the subjects can lift the load of 5Kg easily. Additionally, the response time of adjusted control system reduce 86.25% according the control system without PID.
Identification of the genes resistant to brown rust in winter soft wheat varieties with the use of conventional and modern research methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brown rust is the main disease of wheat soft varieties in the Rostov region. The majority of wheat varieties (more than 87%) developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” show resistance to this causative agent. In order to obtain a complete immunological characteristics of the developed varieties, there were carried out the researches to identify the resis­tance genes (Lr) in the early and adult stages of plant growing in cooperation with the Mycology and Phytopathology Laboratory of the FSBSI ARIZR. There were studied 37 varieties of winter soft wheat on the infectious fields of the south and northwest of Russia, as well as by the methods of a phytopathological test (to three isolates of the fungus with virulence to TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr26 and the Zernograd pathogen population) and by the PCR analysis using 10 molecular markers Lr1, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34 and Lr37. DNA was isolated by a micro-method according to K. Edwards, the PCR was carried out in a C-1000 amplifier (Bio Rad, US). The study established that there were no universal varieties among the studied ones which were resistant to all three clones and the Zergograd population. The varieties “Polina”, “Volnitsa” and “Zernogradka 11” showed resistance to the three clones, but in the phase of sprouting they show susceptibility to the pathogen population. According to the results of PCR analysis, the resistance genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26 were also not found in the varieties. 29 out of 37 studied varieties contained the adult resistance gene Lr34, and 20 varieties had the inefficient gene Lr3, which neither apart nor together could protect the plants from brown rust in the field. This indicates that the tolerant varieties carry additional non-identified Lr-genes. In a number of varieties there have been established 2 resistance genes. The variety “Kipchak” susceptible in the field contained the Lr1 gene, which lost its effectiveness. The differences in the damage degree of some varieties in the conditions of the Rostov region and St. Peters­burg indicate a difference in the North Caucasian and northwestern populations by virulence to the causative agent of brown rust.
Familiar characteristics and received familiar support among Brazilian adolescents with and without pregnancy experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

En este estudio se investigo como los adolescentes con experiencia de embarazo evaluaron el apoyo que recibieron de su familia, en comparacion con un grupo de adolescentes que no habia pasado por esta experiencia. Participaron 452 adolescentes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 14 y 19 anos y nivel socioeconomico bajo. Los resultados senalan que, proporcionalmente, mas mujeres (64.2%) que hombres (35.8%) relataron haber tenido experiencia de embarazo, ?2 (2, n = 2617) = 48.32, p < .001. Ademas, se observo que el grupo con experiencia de embarazo, comparado con el grupo sin experiencia, revelo mayor percepcion de seguridad en las relaciones familiares, t (408) = -3.0, p < .01; de respeto mutuo entre los miembros de la familia, t (392) = -2.3, p < .05; y que recibieron apoyo general mas fuerte de su familia, t (397) = -1.3, p < .05. Estos resultados son discutidos en este texto.
Cloning and characterization of a novel inhibitory receptor expressed by myeloid cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

El presente trabajo describe el clonaje y caracterización de un nuevo receptor inhibidor de la superfamilia de las Ig, que hemos denominado IREM-1 (Immune Receptor Expressed by Myeloid Cells). El analisis de su secuencia demuestra que esta molécula forma parte de la familia multigénica conocida como CMRF35 o CD300. IREM-1 fue clonado a partir de cDNA proveniente de células mononucleares de sangre periférica (PBMCs), y es una glucoproteina tipo I de membrana, con un único dominio Ig extracelular, un fragmento transmembrana y una cola citoplasmática con cinco residuos tirosina que cosntituyen diversos motivos de señalización intracelular. Dos de estos residuos, las tirosinas 205 y 249, corresponden a ITIMs, mientras que las tirosinas 236 y 263 son parte de motivos YxxM asociados al reclutamiento de PI3K. La tirosina más distal (Y284) podría ser considerada como parte de un motivo ITIM-like. IREM-1 es capaz de asociarse a la fosfatasa SHP-1, y hemos identificado al residuo Y205 como principal responsable de dicha interacción. IREM-1 es capaz de producir señales inhibitorias sobre receptores activadores como el FcRI, en un modelo heterólogo de rata con la línea basofílica RBL. Esta inhibición está mediada por ambos ITIMs. IREM-1 también es capaz de unir la subunidad p85 de la PI3K a través de sus dos motivos YxxM. Ambos motivo poseen la capacidad de unir esta molécula. El triple mutante de IREM-1 de los 2 sitios ITIMs y el ITIM-like, que no une SHP-1, es capaz de producir señales activadoras como la inducción de la degranulación en RBLs. Esta respuesta es dependiente de PI3K y es anulada con inhibidores de esta enzima. La expresión de IREM-1 se restringe a células hematopoiéticas de linaje mieloide incluyendo precursores de médula ósea CD34+. En conclusión, presentamos la identificación y caracterización molecular y funcional del receptor IREM-1.
Use of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) to Follow Up the Formation of Sigma Phase in Saf2205 (UNS S31803) Duplex Stainless Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Duplex stainless steels have a structure normally composed of austenite and ferrite in approximately equal proportions. In order to attain control of its fabrication processes and performance, it is important to understand its microstructural evolution, due to the formation of intermetallic phases such as sigma (σ) and chi (χ), which may cause a severe deterioration of mechanical properties. In the present study, the evolution of sigma phase during heat treatments at temperatures in which intermetallic phases can be formed (800ºC-900°C) was studied using magnetic analyses on a SAF2205 (DIN 1.4462/UNS S31803) steel. A significant reduction of the intensity of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) was observed with the increase of heat treatment time, indicating a decrease in the quantity of ferromagnetic phases. For 24-hour-long treatments, the Barkhausen Noise signal is almost completely enclosed by the background noise, indicating the existence of a very small volume fraction of ferrite. If proper calibration samples are to be produced, this technique may be a viable method for non-destructive evaluation of field components working under thermal conditions that may cause the formation of intermetallic phases.
Crumpled Petal Mutants in Black Gram and Cowpea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dry seeds of black gram and cowpea were treated with various doses of X-rays and ethylmethanesulfonate, singly or in combination. Plants having flowers with protruded stigmas were isolated in M2 and have been designated as crumpled-petal mutants. In both the cases the anthers and petals did not stretch out fully and the flowers seldom bloomed. The pistil was normal but as the anthers were enclosed in the petals, self fertilization was restricted. Very few pods were produced with reduced seed set. From the reciprocal corsses, it was concluded that both the mutants were monogeneic recessive to their respective normals and the gene symbol Crpt/crpt has been proposed for this allelic pair. The significance of these mutants in evolution and in hybridization are discussed.
Biotechnological approaches for the manupulation of the genetic information in the mitochondria of plant and human cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Les génomes mitochondriaux diffèrent dans leur structure, leur taille et leurs processus fonctionnels. Leur expression complexe est difficile à disséquer. Les maladies dues à des mutations dans l'ADN mitochondrial sont très répandues et la génétique des mitochondries a une grande importance agronomique. Il y a donc un fort besoin de manipuler le système génétique de ces organelles mais aucune approche n'a abouti à une méthodologie de transformation mitochondriale chez les mammifères et les plantes. Les principaux problèmes sont la transfection des organelles et le maintien de l'ADN transfecté. Les mitochondries isolées peuvent cependant importer de l'ADN. Sur la base de ce mécanisme, nous avons exploré des stratégies pour maintenir l'ADN exogène dans les organelles. Dans les mitochondries humaines, la recombinaison est rare. Nous avons ainsi tenté d'élaborer des constructions capables de se comporter comme des réplicons autonomes. Chez les plantes, la recombinaison homologue façonne le génome mitochondrial et nous avons réussi à intégrer une séquence-rapportrice dans l'ADN génomique des organelles. La compétence pour l'import d'ADN est susceptible d'être exploitable in vivo. Nous avons utilisé des vésicules mitochondriotropiques pour délivrer nos constructions à proximité des mitochondries dans des cellules humaines ou végétales. Suivant une autre stratégie, notre équipe a montré qu'un ARN passager associé à un mime d'ARNt et exprimé à partir d'un transgène nucléaire est importé dans les mitochondries des cellules végétales. Nous avons tenté d'analyser la fonctionnalité de l'ARN passager dans les mitochondries par des tests d'édition in vitro, in organello et in vivo.
Fundamental Properties of Novel Design Microstrip Line Type of Liquid Crystal Phase Shifter in Microwave Region

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A planar-type electrically tunable phase shifter is demonstrated in the microwave region by using liquid crystal (LC) materials. A novel planar waveguide structure based on the microstrip line, which can convert the normal microstrip line to the inverted one, is designed. The new conversion circuit enables us to introduce LC materials on the microstrip line as easily as in the case of using the coplanar waveguide type of liquid crystal phase shifters. Larger phase shifting properties are confirmed empirically up to approximately 10 GHz with the application of a driving voltage of less than 10 V.
Justice, Fair Procedures, and the Goals of Medicine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bioethics as a field has Is shown an aversion, or at least reluctance, to asking substantive Justice questions about the human good or the ends of medicine. Enough? It has been prone to adopt formalistic criteria, on the one hand-essentially empty of content-or procedural criteria, on the other. It has in that respect deferred all too quickly to the supposed demands of pluralism, and the no less supposed resistance of postmodern intellectuals to tolerate any fraternizing with goals and ends of any kind. Yet unless there can be a discussion of the goals of medicine in the future as rich as that of justice and health care has been, the latter problem will simply not admit of any meaningful solution. We can settle for a purely procedural and political solution, but we do not have to. *
Bacterial colonization of intestinal urinary conduit diversion: a morphologic and bacteriologic experimental study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneous diversion of the urine through intestinal conduits results in bacteriuria with uropathogenic organisms in up to 80% of patients, many of whom suffer pyelonephritis. Analysis of the bacteriologic data from daily sampling at multiple sites and scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of sequential loop and autopsy specimens in rabbits with functioning colonic conduits indicate that the pyelonephritis evolves in sequential stages of microbial colonization. Using these data on the natural progression of bacterial infection, we can rationally test the ability of strains of bacteria indigenous to the conduit of this animal model to prevent uropathogenic colonization of the conduit.