jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Circling the Earth: United States Plans for a Postwar Overseas Military Base System, 1942–1948

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Before World War II the United States possessed only a handful of overseas military installations. These included bases in the Philippine Islands, Guam in the Mariana Islands, Wake Island, Midway Island, and the Hawaiian Islands, all in the Pacific; and bases in the Panama Canal Zone, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. By the end of the war, the United States had established military installations of one kind or another at more than 3,000 locations around the world. The American military sought to retain only a small percentage of them following the war; even so, one scholar has called the number of postwar bases the Army Air Forces (AAF) alone planned to maintain "an imperial system of overseas bases encircling the earth." Another has suggested that post war basing plans reflected the military's acceptance, as early as 1945, of a "global peacemaking" role for American military forces. Whether the postwar base network was "imperial" or the military saw a responsibility to police the world can be debated. Nevertheless, there was a dramatic expansion from the prewar period in the number of overseas bases the military believed would be necessary, demonstrating by 1945 an appreciably enlarged conception of national defense requirements. This book examines the American military establishment's planning between 1942 and 1948 for a system of postwar overseas bases. Certainly, bases were but one aspect of military planning and that, in turn, only one feature of the US government's overall postwar policies. But connections do exist between base planning and larger issues such as the nature of military planning, the effects of institutional or interservice rivalry, the state of civil-military relationships, and the character of postwar American foreign policy.
Demographics and the Secular Stagnation Hypothesis in Europe

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Demographic trends in Europe do not support empirically the secular stagnation hypothesis. Our evidence shows that the age structure of population generates less long-term growth but positive real rates. Policies for growth become very important. We assess the relevance of the demographic structure for the choice between macro adjustements and structural reforms. We show that middle aged and elderly individuals have a more negative view of reforms, competitiveness and globalization than young. Our results suggest that older countries -- in terms of share of elderly people -- should lean more towards macroeconomic adjustments, whereas younger nations will be more supportive of structural reforms.
Melanoma of the Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Mucosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melanoma involving the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa is a rare disease that is difficult to treat and generally has a poor prognosis. Data on 17 patients treated at the UCLA Medical Center during the period 1970 to 1985 were reviewed in a retrospective manner. The five-year disease-free survival was 25% (3/12). Surgery, with or without radiation therapy, is the mode of treatment to control disease in most patients. Treatment failures, which include both local recurrence and distant metastases, may occur many years after initial therapy. We found a correlation between the thickness of tumor and the clinical outcome.
Crystallization and Luminescence Properties of Sm3+-Doped SrO–Al2O3–SiO2 Glass-Ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sm3+-doped SrO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramics with excellent luminescence properties were prepared by batch melting and heat treatment. The crystallization behavior and luminescent properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that the crystal phase in this system is monocelsian (SrAl2Si2O8). Under the excitation with blue light (475 nm) the Sm3+-doped SrO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramics emit green, orange and red lights centered at 565, 605, 650 and 715 nm, which can be assigned to the 4G5/2 → 6HJ/2 (J = 5, 7, 9, 11) electron transitions in Sm3+ ions, respectively. With the increase of nucleation/crystallization temperature, the crystallite part rises from 66 to 79%. Besides, by increasing crystallization temperature or concentration of Sm3+, the samples emission located at 565, 605 and 650 nm is intensified significantly. We envision that, by fine controlling and combining of these three (green, orange and red) lights in an appropriate proportion, the Sm3+-doped glass-ceramics are promising luminescence materials for white light-emitting diodes devices.
Predicting adolescent eating and activity behaviors: The role of social norms and personal agency.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this 2-week longitudinal study examined health behaviors in a sample of 279 adolescents. Social norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were tested as predictors of self-reported intentions and behaviors in 2 domains, eating and physical activity. Differentiating, as opposed to aggregating, parent and peer norms provided unique information. For PBC, the authors distinguished global causality beliefs from self-related agency beliefs and intraself (effort, ability) from extraself (parents, teachers) means. Intraself agency beliefs strongly predicted healthy intentions, whereas intraself causality beliefs had a negative influence. Patterns differed somewhat across behaviors and gender. Results highlight theoretical issues and provide potential targets for research on health promotion programs for youth.
Northern teachers in northern schools: the Greenland experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It often appears as if circumpolar school administrators believe that the quality of education varies with the number of photocopiers purchased, the variety of textbooks available or the shape and novelty of their school buildings. The idea that a teacher might be the single most important factor in a child's education often escapes mention. Yet the failure of schools in northern Canada and Alaska to produce enough graduates to meet even the limited local demand for workers can be traced, almost certainly, to the absence of trained native teachers and to the total lack of continuity provided by southern teachers, who stay for only two or three years in the north, keeping their locus of existence firmly rooted in the south.
[Congenital broncho-esophageal fistula in an elderly patient with lung abscess].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 60-year-old man who had been treated for pneumonia by another hospital was suspected to have a broncho-esophageal fistula, and was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. Chest computed tomography( CT) demonstrated a lung abscess. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination demonstrated an esophageal diverticulum. He underwent the resection of the fistula and left lower lobectomy of lung under left thoracotomy. Operative findings showed no severe adhesion around fistula, suggesting its congenital origin, which was also pathologically supported later. He suffered from postoperative empyema by anaerobe infection, which was successfully controlled by open drainage.
Firearms and Suicide in the United States: Is Risk Independent of Underlying Suicidal Behavior?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On an average day in the United States, more than 100 Americans die by suicide; half of these suicides involve the use of firearms. In this ecological study, we used linear regression techniques and recently available state-level measures of suicide attempt rates to assess whether, and if so, to what extent, the well-established relationship between household firearm ownership rates and suicide mortality persists after accounting for rates of underlying suicidal behavior. After controlling for state-level suicide attempt rates (2008-2009), higher rates of firearm ownership (assessed in 2004) were strongly associated with higher rates of overall suicide and firearm suicide, but not with nonfirearm suicide (2008-2009). Furthermore, suicide attempt rates were not significantly related to gun ownership levels. These findings suggest that firearm ownership rates, independent of underlying rates of suicidal behavior, largely determine variations in suicide mortality across the 50 states. Our results support the hypothesis that firearms in the home impose suicide risk above and beyond the baseline risk and help explain why, year after year, several thousand more Americans die by suicide in states with higher than average household firearm ownership compared with states with lower than average firearm ownership.
Dialectic Matters: Starting Out with Simple Motion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One aspect of Hegel's appraisal of ancient philosophy is directly linked to his interpretation of Greek antiquity as being pervasively involved in an epoch-defining struggle against incipient developments of individual or particular independence ('the independent development of particularity'),1 that is, against tentative expressions of subjective freedom. According to Hegel's view, the struggle ends with the ancient world's succumbing to its foe, namely 'free infinite personhood,'2 the same principle that will then provide 'the pivot on which the.… impending world revolution turned.'3 For example, in the Greater Logic, the Philosophy of Right, and the Lectures on ancient philosophy, Plato's ethical dialogues are repeatedly presented as attempts to counter the legitimacy of particular subjective views, motives and actions on the grounds that they must threaten the harmony (or justice) of the kallipolis' true ethical life.KeywordsModern WorldSimple MotionPure ReasonMaterial SpaceAncient PhilosophyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Gene structure and expression of the Corynebacterium flavum N13 ask-asd operon

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two promoters required for expression of the ask-asd genes, encoding aspartokinase (AK) and aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASD), in Corynebacterium flavum N13, askP1 and askP2, have been identified by deletion analysis and S1 nuclease mapping. Transcription from askP1 initiates 35 and 38 bp upstream of the ask structural gene. A second promoter, askP2, lies within the ask coding region, upstream of the translation start site of the AK beta subunit and can direct the expression of AK beta and ASD. Western immunoblot analysis and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli demonstrate that two separate polypeptides, a 44.8-kDa alpha subunit and an 18.5-kDa beta subunit, are expressed from the C. flavum N13 ask gene from distinct, in-frame translation initiation sites. A second AK mutation, G345D, which reduces the sensitivity of AK to concerted feedback inhibition by threonine plus lysine, was identified.
DNA-Fragments Resistant to Endodeoxyribonuclease Hydrolysis PCR-Amplification using 7-Deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine Triphosphate in Place of dGTP

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract 7-Deaza-2′-dcoxyeuanosine triphosphate was used instead of dGTP during PCR-amplification of a pUC 18 fragment of 501 base pairs. The oligomer containing C7Gd was protected from hydrolysis by various endodeoayn'bonucleases when the 7-deazapurine nucleoside was localized at the 3′- or the 5′-position of the cleavage site.
Retrieval-Induced Forgetting of Performed and Observed Bizarre and Familiar Actions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To investigate whether people show retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) for bizarre and familiar actions that they performed or observed, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants performed bizarre and familiar actions with different objects during learning (e.g., pencil: balance the pencil across the cup, sharpen the pencil). They repeatedly performed a set of the bizarre or familiar actions during retrieval practice. After a distracter task, participants’ cued recall was tested. Participants showed RIF for both bizarre and familiar actions. In Experiment 2, half of the participants performed the bizarre and familiar actions themselves; the other half observed the experimenter performing the actions. Replicating the results of Experiment 1, participants who performed the actions showed RIF for bizarre and familiar actions. In contrast, participants who observed the actions did not show RIF for either action type. Experiment 3 examined whether this lack of RIF for observed actions occurred due to a lack of active recall during retrieval practice; it did. Overall, the three experiments demonstrated RIF for both bizarre and familiar performed and observed actions. A distinctiveness account of the results is provided.
Chirped anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide for the distributed sensing of pressure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A chirped anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) for the simultaneous measurement of pressure intensity and spatial localization has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An etched chirped ARROW was fabricated, which shows a chirped spectral characteristic. Additionally, an in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer is also formed with the core mode and higher-order modes. The pressure intensity and the spatial localization can be detected by interrogating the wavelength shift of the in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer and the chirped ARROW, respectively. The experimental results show that the pressure sensitivity of − 4.42 n m / M P a and the spatial sensitivity of 0.86 nm/cm can be achieved. The proposed fiber optic sensor can be used for multipoint pressure detection in the fields of security, structure monitoring, and oil exploration, etc.
<i>Ext1</i> in SHF is required for OFT development.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A–D) H&E staining of heart sections of control embryos(A,C) and <i>Ext1</i><sup><i>f/f</i></sup>:<i>Mef2cCre</i> embryos(B,D) at E14.5. (E–L) Expression patterns of <i>Isl1</i>(E,F), <i>Crabp1</i>(G,H), <i>PEA3</i>(I,J) and <i>Er81</i>(K,L) were examined via <i>in situ</i> hybridization at the 36- to 38-somite stage. Restricted <i>Isl1</i> distribution in the OFT is marked by arrows(E, F). Expression of <i>Crabp1</i>in the mutant was not altered(G,H, arrow). Open arrowheads indicate <i>PEA3-</i> and <i>Er81-</i>positive signals in SHF cells of control embryos. These signals were reduced in<i>Ext1</i><sup><i>f/f</i></sup>:<i>Mef2cCre</i> embryos(J,L, arrowheads).Ao: aorta, AV: aorta valve, LV: left ventricle, OFT: outflow tract; PT: pulmonary trunk (PT), RV: right ventricle, sp: splanchnic mesoderm. Scale bar: A–H: 100μm; I–L: 50μm.</p>
Additional file 1 of Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 2 (SCAMP2) regulates cell surface expression of T-type calcium channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Functional effect of SCAMP2 on Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channels. a Representative T-type current traces from tsA-201 cells expressing Cav3.1 alone (black traces) and in combination with SCAMP2 (blue traces) in response to 150 ms depolarizing steps varied from -90 mV to +30 mV from a holding potential of -100 mV. b Corresponding mean current/voltage (I/V) relationships. c Corresponding mean maximal macroscopic conductance values (Gmax) obtained from the fit of the I/V curves with the modified Boltzmann Eq. (1). d–e Same legend as for a–c but for cells expressing Cav3.3 channel.
Morbidity and Mortality of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hospitalized Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergo different intensive chemotherapy regimens, with possible side effects including cardiovascular toxicity. This could be challenging when managing AML with its complex pathophysiology. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis conducted using ICD-10 codes from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2016 and 2020 and analyzed with STATA BE software. Our aim is to identify major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with AML. Descriptive analysis was used to illustrate baseline characteristics of hospitalized patients with AML. Logistic regression was further employed to examine the association between AML and MACE. Underlying comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), smoking, and thrombophilia were adjusted for. Results: This study consisted of 103,697 hospitalized AML patients with a mean age of 61 years, most of whom were of white race (69%) and male gender (55.6%). The most common underlying comorbid condition was hypertension (34%), followed by hyperlipidemia (30.5%), smoking (25%), congestive heart failure (17.3%), and chronic kidney disease (16.4%). Cardiovascular-related death accounted for 34%. AML patients not in remission (AMLniR) made up most of our cohort (73.6%) and were generally older than AML in remission (AMLiR) and AML with relapse (rAML) (mean age of 63 years vs 54.6 and 54.1 in other two groups, respectively). rAML had higher rates of death (11%) compared to AMLiR (2.8%) and AMLniR (8.2%). Hospitalized patients with relapse were more likely to undergo bone marrow transplant (23.6%). The effect size of the association between AMLniR and AMLiR with MACE rounded to 1 (p=0.98 and p=0.043, respectively). This could be due to underlying cardiac risk factors rather than the presence of AML. Interestingly, AML with relapse were less likely to have major cardiovascular events (Odds ratio (OR) 0.9, 95% CI, 0.86-0.98; p value &lt;0.01), possibly related to younger age observed in this group. Patients who underwent bone marrow transplant and received chemotherapy had less odds of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 0.8, 95% CI, 0.7-0.95 and OR 0.6, 95% CI, 0.5-0.63). MACE in AML patients ((OR 2, 95% CI, 1.9-2.12,), AMLniR (OR 1.46, 95% CI, 1.2-1.9), and rAML (OR 2.5, 95% CI, 2-3.2) were associated with increased in-hospital deaths. However, AMLiR had lower likelihood of deaths (OR 0.6, 95% CI, 0.45-0.74). Conclusion: Hospitalized AML patients with relapse had lower rates of major cardiovascular events, possibly due to the younger age of this group. Bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy were associated with less major cardiovascular events, while AMLniR and rAML were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. More research is needed to evaluate MACE in AML patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy.
Management of Vascular Injuries Using Endovascular Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular surgery is in a transitional phase. Standard open repair is being replaced by endovascular and minimally invasive techniques. The techniques developed for elective cases are also applicable for injured patients. The introduction of endovascular treatment for emergencies has consequences for both institutional and regional organisation. Success can be achieved only by the prepared team trained with wide elective experience. Endovascular repair of vascular injuries has many advantages, such as remote approach and limited exposure with less surgical stress to the patient. Because the long term effects are only partially known a word of caution is justified. Endovascular repair of vascular trauma is still a developing form of treatment.
Comprehensive molecular profiling of FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma identifies molecular subtypes and potential therapeutic targets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) is a rare yet highly lethal kidney cancer. To deepen our understanding of FH-deficient RCC, we conduct a comprehensive integrated genomic study. We analyze the association of FH alteration patterns with tumor heterogeneity and develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for precise identification of FH-deficient RCC. Transcriptomic analysis unveils three distinctive molecular subtypes characterized by enrichment of immune/Angiogenic/Stromal (C1), WNT/Notch/MAPK (C2), and proliferation/stemness (C3) pathways, respectively. Tumors in C1 derive the most substantial survival benefit from a combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and anti-angiogenic therapy. Tumors in C2 display moderate response to this therapeutic approach. In contrast, tumors in C3 exhibit an unfavorable response to anti-angiogenic monotherapy and its combination with ICB. These findings contribute to a profound understanding of the aggressive nature of FH-deficient RCC, offering insights into potential precision medicine approaches for disease management.
Spraying Cloth Patches with Fabric Protectants1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Spraying Cloth Patches with Fabric Protectants Get access C. R. Moreland C. R. Moreland Pesticide Testing Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 August 1956, Pages 570–571, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/49.4.570a Published: 01 August 1956
Evaluation of Relationship Between Serum Protein Profiles and Lung Cancer by SELDI-TOF-MS (Surface Enhanced Laser Desabsorbtion Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) Method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Although proteomic profiles detected by using SELDI-TOF-MS method distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy individuals, there are no studies concerning proteomic patterns of tumor subsets in lung cancer. The goal of this study was to establish proteomic patterns of tumor subsets in lung cancer patients with surface enhanced laser desabsorbtion ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) method. Material and Methods: A total of 169 patients diagnosed histopathologically including 142 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 27 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients were included in this study. In NSCLC group, there were 60 squamous cell carcinoma, 38 non-squamous cell carcinoma and 44 unclassified type NSCLC patients. Venous blood samples were obtained from all cases. All of the serum samples were analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS method for proteomics investigation. Results: Three peaks (9065 m/z, 9175 m/z, 9394 m/z) were found to be discriminatory in serum SELDI profiles between NSCLC and SCLC groups (p<0.05). All of these three peaks showed higher intensity in patients with SCLC. The analysis between non-squamous and squamous cancer groups of NSCLC revealed eight discriminatory proteomic features. Among these peaks, only two (5815 m/z, 5906 m/z) showed higher intensity in patients in the non-squamous group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Proteomic patterns could provide some valuable clues on the carcinogenetic mechanism of different types of lung cancer and may help us to discover some potential subtype-specific biomarkers of lung cancer by SELDI-TOF-MS method.