jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ash tree, Fraxinus (Oleaceae), is a fine species of timber, shelter and scenic tree used for afforestation in China. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an important trunk borer of ash trees, have caused great damage to ash trees in China, the United States, Canada and other countries. First, adult EAB lays eggs in the bark crevices, then the newly hatched larvae feed on the superficial layers of the bark, and enter the xylem when approaching maturity, causing great damage. Therefore, bark is an important location for the adult oviposition, egg development and larval feeding of EAB. In order to understand the resistance of different species of ash trees and their mechanisms, eight ash trees with varying degrees of resistance to EAB were chosen to further investigate the morphological characteristics of the bark, anatomical structure of the tissue, main nutrients and secondary metabolites. The following results were observed: (1) The resistance of different tree species to EAB was not correlated with the bark color, but was inversely proportional to bark thickness, roughness, lenticel size, and compactness. The thicker, rougher and more compact the bark was, the larger the lenticels were, and in turn the greater the EAB-induced damage was. (2) In the anatomical structure of the bark tissues, the vessel size, wood cell number, wood cell area and stone cell number were shown to be the most important resistance factors, among which vessel area and wood cell area were both negatively correlated with insect resistance, and stone cell number and wood cell number were positively correlated. (3) Among the main nutrients and secondary metabolites, polyphenols, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and flavonoids were shown to be the most important resistance factors, the contents of which in tree species with high resistance were generally higher than those in susceptible tree species. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for revealing the resistance of different species of ash trees to EAB, and selecting suitable insect resistant tree species.
Influence of dietary canola oil and palm oil blend and refrigerated storage on fatty acids, myofibrillar proteins, chemical composition, antioxidant profile and quality attributes of semimembranosus muscle in goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Improving the unsaturated fatty acid content of ruminant meat is essential due to the generally saturated nature of fatty acids in ruminant meat and the negative effects this can have on human health. Nonetheless, enhancing the unsaturated fatty acid content of ruminant meat can have adverse effects on the shelf life and quality attributes of the meat. This study assessed the effects of dietary 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil blend (CPOB) on fatty acid composition, antioxidants, oxidative spoilage, cholesterol and physicochemical properties of semimembranosus (SM) muscle from goats. Twenty four Boer bucks were randomly assigned to diets containing on dry matter basis 0, 4 and 8 % CPOB, fed for 100 d and slaughtered. The carcasses were subjected to a 7 d postmortem refrigerated storage. All analyses were conducted on the SM muscle. Diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on the concentration of free thiol and carbonyl and the band intensity of myosin heavy chain, actin and troponin T. The muscle glycogen, pH, water holding capacity, tenderness, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, total carotenoid, δ-tocopherol, cholesterol and proximate composition did not differ (P > 0.05) between diets. The SM muscle from goats fed 4 and 8 % CPOB had lower (P < 0.05) concentration of C14:0 and C16:0 and higher (P < 0.05) concentration of C18:1 trans-11, C18:1ω-9, C18:3ω-3, C20:5ω-3 and C22:5ω-3 than the SM muscle from the control goats. Dietary CPOB increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of α and γ tocopherol and meat redness (a*) on d 1 and 4 postmortem. Regardless of diet, antioxidant vitamins, and shear force decreased (P < 0.05) while drip loss, lipid and protein oxidation increased (P < 0.05) as postmortem storage progressed. Results evince that dietary CPOB can be used as a management tool to enhance the beneficial fatty acids and antioxidant contents of chevon without deleterious effects on its physicochemical properties and shelf life.
Status and Performance of the STIS CCD after HST Servicing Mission 4 Repair

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A description is provided of the overall performance of the STIS CCD after the HST Servicing Mission #4. Most aspects of CCD performance are found to be consistent with extrapolations of the trends seen prior to the failure of STIS in August 2004. However, over the 4.5 years since STIS was last operational, some CCD parameters have changed significantly. The gain values for the CCDGAIN = 4 setting has been re-determined; the new value of 4.016 e-/DN is about 0.5 % lower than the value that was previously adopted. The Read Noise through amp D, as determined from unbinned bias images, has increased; it now has a value of 5.6 e- for gain = 1 and 8.3 e- for gain = 4, up from previous values of 5.4 e- and 7.7 e-, respectively. The dark current has increased significantly, as was expected due to the on-orbit radiation environment. The dark current has increased from 0.0070 to 0.0134 e-/pixel/s (for a reference temperature of 22 C) in the center of the chip- roughly a factor of 2 increase. Additionally, the slope in the dark current along CCD columns has increased by a similar factor, resulting in a dark current near the detector readout amplifier that is about 30 % lower than the median over the whole detector. The charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) has increased by a factor of about 2 as well, although the increased dark current will significantly moderate the actual CTI losses for typical observations. Currently measured values for CTI as well as for time-dependent spectroscopic sensitivity are in excellent agreement with a simple extrapolation of trends seen prior to the 2004 failure. Dark Current As a result of the STIS CCD being exposed to radiation damage the dark current has increased significantly- by roughly a factor of 2. Since there is no thermistor for STIS Side-2 electronics all darks are scaled to a reference temperature. The reference temperature
Magnetic fuild influence on a cross-section distributin of concentration charged particles for limitated low-temperature plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Influence of cross-section magnetic field on a positive columb of the gas charge is consedered. Analitical expressions for concentration of the charged particles are designed and analysed depending Cross - section coordinate. It is shown, that at growth of magnetic field from zero value, baundery concentration increases from zero and reaches the maximal value. At enough strong magnetic field, dependent on parameters of plasma, boundery concentration again to aspire to zero.
Kinetic and Mechanism Studies on the Photodegradation of Cold-Rolling Emulsion Wastewater by the UV/H2O2 Process

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The UV/H2O2 process was employed to purify cold-rolling emulsion wastewater (CREW). The degradation of CREW was mainly attributed to the combined UV/H2O2 process and exhibited pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The reaction parameters, including the H2O2 dosage, initial pollutant concentration, initial pH, UV intensity, and inorganic anions, were found to influence the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reaction rates. In addition, the optimal experimental conditions were determined: H2O2 dosage of 0.2 mol/L, initial pH of 9.13, and UV intensity of 4.0 mW/cm2. The final residual COD concentration decreased from 3573 mg O2/L to 67 mg O2/L, and the treated wastewater complies with the wastewater discharge standards in China (COD concentration of 80 mg O2/L) and can be discharged. Meanwhile, •OH was identified as the primary reactive radical in the process. Sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (BK) were selected as representative pollutants in CREW to explore the degradation mechanism. The products generated were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Potential degradation pathways were proposed and discussed. The operational cost is 0.115 USD/L, which was calculated for the best conditions.
family preparedness of children in dealing with a flood disaster in Paupanda II Village, Wewaria sub-district of Ende Regency Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: For almost ten years Wewaria Village, Wewaria sub-district of Ende Regency suffered a flood disaster. The flood occurred in 2008, 2012, and 2016. Paupanda II Village has a puddle up to one and a half meter every year. Flood emergencies can cause family panic in rescuing themselves or their children under five. Children are a vulnerable group in the health sector because they cannot help themselves, when floods. If family preparedness is low, then the child’s health threatened, increasing the child’s morbidity or mortality rate. Purpose: This study explains or explore the experience of family preparedness who have children under five dealing with floods. Method: it used Purposive sampling in selecting the first informant then using snow ball sampling for the next informant. The number of samples is 9 people taken from a family of 6 people, 2 policy stakeholders, and 1 health worker. The qualitative analysis used is triangulation of data sources. Results: Family knowledge is well, but preparedness is still low for children needs, flood early warning, flood emergency response preparedness, and resource mobilization deal with floods.
Finite Element Method-Based Hybrid MRI/CBCT Generation to Improve Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Targets Localization Accuracy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is commonly used in treatment imaging, but its limited soft tissue contrast presents challenges for liver tumor localization. As a result, indirect localization methods relying on the liver's boundary are commonly utilized, which have limited accuracy for tumor localization. Onboard MRI offers superior soft tissue contrast but is limited by the cost. To address this, we devised a method to generate onboard virtual MRI by integrating pretreatment MRI with onboard CBCT, enhancing liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) tumor localization accuracy. We employed a finite element method (FEM) for deformable mapping, deforming prior liver MR images onto CBCT geometry to create a virtual MRI. This hybrid virtual-MRI/CBCT (hMRI-CBCT) approach was evaluated in a pilot study involving 48 patients. The hMRI-CBCT demonstrated superb soft-tissue contrast with clear tumor visualization. Registration accuracy of hMRI-CBCT to planning CT significantly surpasses the onboard CBCT to planning CT registration, particularly for tumors not near the liver boundary, with an average error reduction of 1.53 ± 2.16 mm. Our study demonstrated that hybrid MRI/CBCT can apparently reduce localization errors in liver SBRT, potentially improving tumor control and reducing toxicities, and opening avenues for further margin reduction and dose escalation.
The Concept of Open Information Systems: A Prescription for Production Systems with Human Elements

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A production system can use its own human resources well if such resources are prompted to do predefined tasks at the correct time. Reminders must be created at opportune times to serve as signals to the human members of a production system. Such signals must be in a form that the concerned worker, manager or supervisor can understand and respond to appropriately. This paper assumes that most information in a production system is in a form that is not easily recognized by concerned personnel (e.g. when a machine is about to break down, when defective product levels become unacceptable) and hence are unable to react appropriately. A set of attributes for an information system is prescribed that serves as a checklist to enable designers and users of production systems (i.e. Industrial Engineers, managers, etc.) to create signal-based systems that deploy appropriate action as necessary.
Assessment of community knowledge, practice, and determinants of malaria case households in the rural area of Raya Azebo district, Northern Ethiopia, 2017

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Ethiopia malaria is one of the leading causes of outpatient visits and admission. Still, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the knowledge, practice, and determinant of malaria case households in rural areas of Raya Azebo district, Northern Ethiopia.A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the selected villages of Raya Azebo district from January to June 2017. A multi-stage random sampling method was employed to select a total of 422 study households. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The household head was interviewed face to face. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the determinant of malaria cases households.A total of 412 (97.6) of the respondents had ever heard about malaria. About 63% of households recognized the causes of malaria to be a mosquito bite. Around 173 (41%) of the study households had been treated for malaria within a year of data collection. This study also revealed that the presence of mosquito breeding sites near to home, bed bug infestation, outdoor sleep due to bed bugs and household with poor bed net practicing were significantly associated with malaria case households.Although the overall knowledge on malaria transmission, symptoms, and the preventive measure was relatively good, the rate of household insecticide-treated net coverage and utilization were reported low in the area. Therefore, the distribution of adequate bed net with community-based education is a key intervention to promote household insecticide-treated net utilization. In addition, an effective bed bug management strategy is necessary to overcome the outdoor sleeping habit of the community in the area.
How Gender-diversity Context Affects Employee Performance through Workgroup Inclusion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Literature on the relationship between gender diversity and employee performance results is ambiguous. This manuscript wishes to discuss how gender diversity context, employee gender, and individual value affect employee attitude and performance through the lens of optimal distinctiveness theory and social gender psychology. We propose and test a three-way interaction model in an employee-supervisor dyads data set and found that gender distance is more positively associated with workgroup inclusion perceptions for male employees who score low on the value of conservation whereas such relationship becomes negatively associated for female employees with low levels of conservation. Furthermore, workgroup inclusion perception mediates the relationships between the three-way interaction and employee task performance and creativity. Our study provides new theoretical explanations on whether and when gender diversity context affects employee attitude and performance.
User Satisfaction with the Public Oral Health Services in the Different Dimensions of Health Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To verify user satisfaction with the public oral health services in its different dimensions of care and relate them to the socioeconomic and demographic conditions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional survey, developed with users interviewed of the public oral health services under the Primary Health Care of a Brazilian city (n=461). The associations of satisfaction with the socioeconomic and demographic conditions were analyzed using the chi-square test. Questions concerning satisfaction with the service were grouped into five domains - 'physical structure', 'relation and communication', 'information and support', 'health care' and 'organization of services' - analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test . Results: Elderly individuals with low education and male, tended to be more satisfied with the services. The users reported being satisfied with the service, that were unhappy, referred to the time and the form to schedule a consultation, the time expected to be attended and the resolving capacity of oral health problems, as the causes. The overall satisfaction index was 0.8. The top rated domains were 'physical structure' (0.9) and 'relation and communication' (0.85). The 'service organization' domain received the worst evaluation (0.71) and when compared to the others domain presenting a significant difference. The 'physical structure' domain was significantly highlighted from the domains of 'oral health care' (0.78) and 'information and support' (0.78). The 'relation and communication' domain, also significantly excelled over the areas of 'oral health care'. Conclusion: The users rated the aspects of health care in a very positive way. The areas of highest user satisfaction were 'physical structure' and 'relation and communication'. However, the need for directing production processes in health became evident, especially regarding the organization of services, the domain with the worst rating.
Retraction of Canines Using Bonded Tube-brackets

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Investigations using a Force Analyser were carried out to test the characteristics of retractor springs fitted to a removable appliance and designed for insertion into a tube-bracket, bonded to the buccal surface of a canine. The retractors were shown to produce a counter—rotation couple when activated on the typodont. This type of canine retraction was then used clinically, and was found to produce less distal tilting than is noted with the single-point contact of a cantilever spring. Some spontaneous reduction in overjet was found to occur in each case of a small series. Possible mechanisms to account for this effect are discussed.
Optimum Population

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Malthus (1798) had argued that improvements in living standards would almost invariably call forth such an increase in population that wages would eventually be pushed back to subsistence levels. About a hundred years later Cannan (1888), Wicksell (1910) and others were writing of an optimum population, where by implication choice of family size enabled choice of living standards. A variety of measures of birth control had come into use in the 19th century, opening the prospect of permanent escape from the trap of subsistence consumption. The early optimum concept involved a population which, at some specified time, and other things such as the capital stock being held constant, resulted in maximum output per head. Clearly it is associated with the idea of first increasing and later decreasing returns in a given region with given resources and technical knowledge.
An Approach for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Tactical Network Simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the conventional modeling and simulation (M&S) of networks, simulations are usually executed from beginning to the end without interruption, and results are available only at the end of the simulation runs. These results typically consist of various statistics for some measures of performance (MOPs) that attempt to quantify the network's performance. Although these results can capture the timing of significant events and performance transitions, they generally capture neither their causes nor the transient behavior that leads to their occurrence. This paper presents an approach to operate a simulated network similar to an actual network where the simulated network can be monitored in real-time and better, and, if appropriate, be stopped for explorations of the network state. A console equipped with a GUI interrogates the simulated network during the run and displays the relevant characteristics of the network, which allows experimenters to monitor the network's behavior and performance. Experimenters can use the console to stop and query the simulation to obtain detailed information from each node or protocol layer within each node. Examples of such information are route forwarding tables at a node, node position, or some protocol attributes configured at a node. Further, experimenters can use the console to change network configuration during the simulation run and observe its impact on the performance of the network. Our solution is built using OPNET Modeler as the simulation engine and its cosimulation facility to interconnect the experimenter's console with the simulation.
Modern aspects of wheat grain proteins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The unique baking properties of wheat have contributed to the large variety of food products made of wheat. Wheat products are immensely popular, which is reflected in their ubiquitous consumption. Concerning wheat quality, a main challenge for intense growing strategies is to adapt wheat plants of unaltered yield and baking quality to decreased nitrogen input, which will limit unwanted nitrogen leaching into drinking water and safe resources. A probably more important challenge for wheat adaptation will be caused by global climate change. For a relative small percentage of the human population wheat grain proteins can cause a number of serious diseases including coeliac disease. Susceptible persons often have to completely avoid wheat, as well as rye and barley products. Methods for detection of gluten protein are well advanced, increasing safety for patients. Wheat breeding using traditional breeding and modern genome editing approaches are seen to be necessary to develop new wheat cultivars for adaptation to new environmental conditions caused by climate change, reduced nitrogen input and increased production efficiency, as well as reduction of disease potential. Wheat grain protein analytical methods are important, e.g. for determination of quality parameters and for decision making in breeding programmes. Aspects of protein extraction, proteomic analysis and database coverage of wheat protein sequences are discussed.
Turbulent Rayleigh shear flow

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Townsend has derived a relation between mean vorticity and Reynolds stress valid in the wall layer of a turbulent flow. The vorticity Ω appears as a function of the local stress τ and its gradient. Such a relation is better suited for use in the vorticity equation than in the momentum equation. The Rayleigh problem, whose vorticity equation is simply ∂Ω/∂ t = ∂ 2 τ/∂ y 2 , is introduced as a setting for Townsend's theory. Certain wall speed programmes are shown to generate Rayleigh layers that are exactly self-similar in the fully turbulent part of the flow. Those layers correspond to Clauser's equilibrium boundary layers. A formal analogy between the two families is found; the analogy becomes quantitatively exact in the limit of infinite Reynolds number. The Rayleigh problem is posed in similarity form. A composite non-linear, ordinary differential equation for the stress profile is deduced from a two-layer model incorporating Townsend's relation for the wall layer and Clauser's constant eddy-viscosity assumption for the outer layer. The profile depends on the wall-speed programme selected and on two empirical constants: the combination λ = √( k )/ k of Clauser's k and Kármán's k , and Townsend's constant B . Closed-form solutions for arbitrary λ and B are obtained in two important cases: constant wall stress, analogous to constant pressure above a boundary layer, and zero wall stress, corresponding to continuous separation. The velocity profile in the wall region of a continuously separating Rayleigh layer is found to depend sensitively on B .