jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Amphetamine and Glaucoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

The gut microbiome is associated with the immune function of the host. No consensus has been reached regarding to the association between microbiota and the treatment response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). This study is designed to explore the relationship between gut microbiome composition and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer treated with ICI.

Methods

Fifty patients were enrolled in this study. Fecal samples were collected at the baseline, 3 months after treatment and when disease progression was noted. To explore the gut microbiota as a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, 16S ribosome RNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota profiles. Peripheral immunity parameters were determined by multicolor flow cytometry and cytokine array. Alpha-diversity of healthy individuals was used as a cut-off.

Results

When subgrouping patients into benefiter and non-benefiter according to the clinical response assessed, non-benefiter patients harbored lower alpha-diversity of gut microbiome at the baseline. Patients with low microbiome diversity had poor progression-free survival (HR=0.569, p=0.219) when compared to those with high diversity. Compositional difference was observed between the two groups as well with the enrichment of g_Fusicatenibacter in benefiters whereas f_Veillonellaceae enriched in non-benefiters. Analysis of immune responses using multicolor flow cytometry revealed that patients with a high diversity of gut microbiota had decreased CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in response to ICI. After ICI treatment the CD4/CD8 ratio of PBMCs was decreased in clinical benefiter. The serum MIF and CXCL12 levels were decreased in clinical benefiter.

Conclusions

Low alpha diversity of the gut microbiota is associated with poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancer. Further confirmation in the clinical trials is warranted.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank all the members of the Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, for their invaluable help. The study and data collection processes were funded by the grants to John WC Chang from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Grant No. CIRPG3H0061~2).

Ethics Approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, approval number 201801261B0.

Consent

Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for publication of this abstract and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
MEMS for single-islet electroisletogram

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the first MEMS device designed for in vitro measuring of electroisletogram (EIG) of individual rat islets. Using vacuum to hold an islet in proximity to a microelectrode, strong EIG signals in millivolt range are obtained, while the noise is about 100μV pk-pk. This work proves the feasibility of using MEMS and EIG for high-throughput screening, in contrast to patch-clamp measurements, of islets for transplantation to treat diabetes.
Case Report: Babesiosis Presenting to the Emergency Department

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Babesiosis is a tick-borne illness caused by the parasitic protozoa Babesia transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Babesia infect the red blood cell of its host and requires the cell for its replication. It is a disease process that can range from asymptomatic infection to organ failure and death. This case presentation reviews a 68-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with flu like symptoms and was found to have babesiosis.
Vanadium(v)-induced Oxidative Cross-coupling of Enolate Species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The selective intermolecular oxidative cross-coupling of enolates provides a potentially direct method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, which are common substructures found in natural products and pharmaceuticals and their synthetic intermediates, as well as building blocks for the construction of various heterocyclic compounds. The main point of this reaction is achieving selective cross-coupling, as well as minimizing undesired homocoupling. The proposed strategy depends on the selective one-electron oxidation of one enolate, resulting in a Lewis acid-activated electrophilic carbonyl α-radical species, followed by trapping with another enolate. This chapter summarizes the oxovanadium(v)-induced oxidative cross-coupling of enolates between boron and silyl enolates that have been developed in the author's studies.
A theoretical evaluation of brain scanning systems.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Under certain conditions, it appears that focusing collimator systems can be designed for.511 Mev radiation which are superior to coincidence systems by factors of 2 to 10 (depending on resolution) for midline tumors. These factors increase for tumors not on the midline. Making the further assumption of equal numbers of photons produced/cm/sup 3/-sec for all systems, the figure of merit for focusing collimator systems increases with decreasing gamma energy down to 200 Mev, the low energy limit of this investigation. Therefore it is generally concluded that the advantages of low energy gamma radiation for brain scanning have not yet been fully exploited. (auth)
matchRanges: generating null hypothesis genomic ranges via covariate-matched sampling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation Deriving biological insights from genomic data commonly requires comparing attributes of selected genomic loci to a null set of loci. The selection of this null set is non-trivial, as it requires careful consideration of potential covariates, a problem that is exacerbated by the non-uniform distribution of genomic features including genes, enhancers, and transcription factor binding sites. Propensity score-based covariate matching methods allow the selection of null sets from a pool of possible items while controlling for multiple covariates; however, existing packages do not operate on genomic data classes and can be slow for large data sets making them difficult to integrate into genomic workflows. Results To address this, we developed matchRanges, a propensity score-based covariate matching method for the efficient and convenient generation of matched null ranges from a set of background ranges within the Bioconductor framework. Availability and implementation Package: https://bioconductor.org/packages/nullranges, Code: https://github.com/nullranges, Documentation: https://nullranges.github.io/nullranges.
Field-induced crossover from phonon to field assisted hopping conductivity in organic materials

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently the change in temperature dependence of conductivity observed in polythiophene field-effect transistors has been attributed to field-induced metal-insulator transition. Under a high source-drain voltage, the conductivity becomes independent from temperature and depends exponentially on the inverse of the square root of electric field. In this paper we present a theoretical interpretation of this behavior in the framework of hopping mechanism. The ingredient of this model, is the energy gained from the electrical field is always larger than the energy difference between the localized states involved into the charge transitions, which induces a crossover from phonon-assisted hopping to field-assisted hopping.
A Systematic Review of Economic Sustainability of Vertical Greenery Systems for Buildings

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban areas have been greatly affected by climate change, leading to a rise in global temperatures. Vertical Greenery Systems (VGSs) are becoming increasingly important as a means of mitigating the effects of climate change. This research assessed the economic feasibility of VGSs to reduce the effects of climate change and enhance urban sustainability. Seventeen studies were evaluated in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to determine the various costs, benefits, and economic indicators associated with VGS. Furthermore, the net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period were thoroughly evaluated to gain insight into their long-term economic sustainability. The results show that, even though the initial cost of VGS may be high, it can provide long-term financial advantages to building owners and operators through energy savings, increased property values, and decreased operational expenses. Nevertheless, the extended payback period and negative net present values for certain VGS types make them financially unsustainable. The purpose of this review is to help create evidence-based guidelines and suggestions for the successful implementation of sustainable VGS.
Estimation of genetic diversity in capsicum germplasm using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present study was undertaken to estimate genetics diversity in local and exotic genotypes of Capsicum (chili) using Randomly Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Four RAPD primes were used to amplify genomic DNA from twenty five Capsicum genotypes. DNA fragments of various sizes ranging from 100bp to＞1000bp were amplified in various Capsicum genotypes. On an average 3 alleles per genotype were amplified during present study. Estimates of Genetic distances (GD) ranged from 0 to 100%. Twenty-five genotypes were clustered in four groups A, B, C and D. It was concluded that genotypes Tomato bibber 1 and Turkish genotype B 1 were most distantly related to each other and hence it is recommended that these two genotypes should be crossed to create a segregating population with maximum genetic diversity.
Auricular Acupressure Combined with Self-Help Intervention for Treating Chronic Tinnitus: A Longitudinal Observational Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Tinnitus is a phantom sound perception in the ears or head and can arise from many different medical disorders. Currently, there is no standard treatment for tinnitus that reliably reduces tinnitus. Individual patients reported that acupressure at various points around the ear can help to reduce tinnitus, which was investigated here. With this longitudinal observational study, we report a systematic evaluation of auricular acupressure on 39 tinnitus sufferers, combined with a self-help smartphone app. The participants were asked to report about tinnitus, stress, mood, neck and jaw muscle tensions twice a day using an ecological momentary assessment study design for six weeks. On average, 123.6 questionnaires per person were provided and used for statistical analysis. The treatment responses of the participants were heterogeneous. On average, we ob-served significant negative trends for tinnitus loudness (Cohen&rsquo;s d effect size: -.861), tinnitus dis-tress (d = -.478), stress (d = -.675), and tensions in the neck muscles (d = -.356). Comparison with a matched control group revealed significant improvements for tinnitus loudness (p = .027) and self-reported stress level (p = .003). The positive results of the observational study motivate fur-ther research including a randomized clinical trial and long-term assessment of the clinical im-provement.
Benches, Beaches, and Bumps

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter reviews habitat impacts of seawalls and how these impacts can be mitigated and present a case study of Seattle's seawall habitat improvements. It indicates that benches, beaches, and "bumps" added to Seattle's seawall can have beneficial effects. The ecology of intertidal areas is driven by the physical environment, which is modified by shoreline armoring. Important differences between seawalls and natural rocky intertidal shorelines include habitat heterogeneity and complexity that tend to be lacking on seawalls. When the Seattle Art Museum's Olympic Sculpture Park opened in 2007, it included two major enhancements intended to benefit juvenile salmon: a ~290-m-long habitat bench projecting from the base of the seawall with sediment simulating more natural conditions than those found along most of Seattle's waterfront and a ~100-m-long pocket beach excavated from a stretch of riprap-armored shoreline and surfaced with pebbles and cobbles. Habitat improvements along extremely urbanized shorelines are obviously constrained by human uses and the infrastructure needs of a city.
Assesing the Electric Field Strength in the Vicinity of Devices Emitting Signals in the IEEE 802.11ac Standard of Communication

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The measurement of realistic exposure levels of quasi - stochastic signals from the IEEE 802.11ac communication standard was achieved by applying the complementary cumulative distribution function mode of a real - time spectrum analyzer connected to a laptop. Statistics were used to highlight the differences between the data transfer directions.
Key challenges facing data-driven multicellular systems biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Increasingly sophisticated experiments, coupled with large-scale computational models, have the potential to systematically test biological hypotheses to drive our understanding of multicellular systems. In this short review, we explore key challenges that must be overcome to achieve robust, repeatable data-driven multicellular systems biology. If these challenges can be solved, we can grow beyond the current state of isolated tools and datasets to a community-driven ecosystem of interoperable data, software utilities, and computational modeling platforms. Progress is within our grasp, but it will take community (and financial) commitment.
The influence of altitude on the distribution of subterranean organs and humus components in Vaccinium myrtillus carpets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Humus profiles were sampled along an altitudinal gradient in the Macot‐La‐Plagne Forest (France, northern Alps) to investigate variation occurring under carpets of Vaccinium myrtillus present within Picea abies forests. The vertical distribution of subterranean organs of V. myrtillus was compared with (1) that of P. abies roots and other accompanying vegetation and (2) other components of humus profiles, in particular humified organic matter mainly consisting of animal faeces. It was shown that V. myrtillus roots were mostly concentrated in mineral horizons, while P. abies roots and V. myrtillus rhizomes occupied litter horizons. This was interpreted in terms of competition for nutrient capture between P. abies and V. myrtillus. The effects of altitude were (1) a change in the vegetation accompanying V. myrtillus in dense V. myrtillus carpets, bryophytes at the montane level being replaced by forbs at the sub‐alpine level and (2) a decrease in the thickness of ecto‐organic horizons. This was interpreted as a shift from a moder system characterized by recalcitrant litter (moss) processed by an active faunal community (stabilized in the form of animal faeces) to a mor system characterized by low animal abundance but with litter of better quality which is easily leached in the absence of prominent faunal activity.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Pediatric Population from Romania: Risk Factors, Clinical and Endoscopic Features and Treatment Compliance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori positivity with specific symptoms, risk factors and endoscopic patterns among the pediatric population in northeastern Romania. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed in 18 months on 185 children aged 6–18 years with an indication for upper digestive endoscopy. Demographic, anamnestic, symptomatic, endoscopic and histologic data were recorded. Results: Of 116 H. pylori-positive children, the most affected group was 15–17 years. Most (65.5%) of them were girls, with a significant association (p < 0.001). The majority (66.4%) lived in a rural area and 47.4% of children had an unsafe source of water and lived in overcrowded houses with no basic sanitary comfort. The most frequent symptom was epigastric pain (56.9%), and the main endoscopic appearance was nodularity and hyperemia. Patients diagnosed with H. pylori started triple-therapy treatment for 14 days. Only 13.8% stopped the treatment, mainly because of a misunderstanding of the treatment protocol (9.5%). Conclusions: Romanian teen girls living in rural areas are at high risk for H. pylori infection. Epigastric pain and endoscopic nodularity of the gastric mucosa were associated with the infection. As the resistance of the bacteria is unknown in our country, future research is needed in order to improve the eradication rate.
Out-of-School Children (OOSC) in Pakistan: Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pakistan faced a significant educational challenge. According to a report by Dawn, Pakistan had 71 million children aged 5-16 years, with an estimated 25.3 million children not attending school, representing 36%. Among these OOSCs, 53% were girls, and 47% were boys. On May 8, 2024, the Pakistani government declared a National Educational Emergency to address the challenge of OOSC. Another statistics showed that one-third of school-going children (79%) had never been enrolled. Numerous factors, including poverty, socioeconomic conditions, inadequate educational infrastructure, security concerns, policy implementation challenges, and cultural norms provoked this alarming situation. This research paper explored the reasons, challenges, and opportunities for out-of-school children and provided recommendations to overcome these shortcomings. The study was qualitative in nature and employed through secondary data analysis approach. It reviewed a wide range of secondary sources, including research articles, newspapers, government policy documents, and journal publications. Pakistan faced challenges such as socioeconomic barriers, security concerns, financial restraints, child labor, gender discrimination, and insufficient school facilities. Curriculum inappropriateness, lack of teachers’ motivation, and socio-political instability further delayed educational access. However, there were opportunities linked to government initiatives that helped retain students in schools. These opportunities included scholarships, cash incentives, digital technology tools for learning, and non-formal platforms. Pakistan could tackle these challenges once a holistic approach and consensus were built at all levels. True implementation of crash programs targeted in National Educational Policies was required. This could also be driven by targeted financial assistance, public-private partnerships, such as incorporating the Pakistan Education Foundation, and policy reforms. The use of technology and making education beneficial for socioeconomic needs could also reduce the large number of OOSC.
Legal Instruments of Energy Transition and Consumer Protection in Kazakhstan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kazakhstan, the largest country in Central Asia, has abundant oil, gas, coal and uranium resources, which are key drivers of its domestic and foreign policy. In addition, the country has immense potential for renewable energy production, driving policymakers' desire to promote a green and sustainable economy in line with the global energy transition. Kazakhstan's current energy policy aims to encourage the adoption of alternative energy sources through the formulation of relevant regulations. However, an evaluation of this policy is essential to address existing gaps and uncertainties. This chapter examines the interplay between renewable energy mechanisms, the energy system and consumer protection in Kazakhstan's energy transition. As society increasingly embraces renewable energy and strives for sustainable development, understanding how legal instruments and policies affect consumer protection is crucial. In addition, the chapter assesses the effectiveness of current legal measures in encouraging green behaviour and explores the potential for regulatory improvements. The article concludes by identifying the shortcomings of the existing energy policy while recognising the huge potential of Kazakhstan's renewable energy market. Suggestions are made for overcoming the barriers and developing Kazakhstan's renewable energy sector.
Group Visits and Chronic Disease Management in Adults: A Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Chronic disease management using the traditional 15-minute appointment is exceptionally challenging and arguably inadequate to provide comprehensive, prospective, patient-centered primary care. A model of care designed to promote patient education, patient self-management, and improved access to their physicians and other health care providers is needed. Group visits have been identified as one model that allows physicians to deliver extensive patient education and self-management instruction while enhancing financial productivity. A thorough review of the literature on group visits was performed. Fairly consistent results from level I and II quality of evidence from a revised Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) rating system indicate that patients who attended group visits demonstrated improved standards of care, improved quality of life, greater patient and physician satisfaction, lower rates of hospitalization and emergency department utilization, and reduced specialty costs. Discrepancies from the literature review include body mass index, hemoglobin A 1C , blood pressure, and lipids. Overall, group visits appear to provide an effective and complementary strategy to traditional primary care in dealing with the complexities of providing chronic disease management in an increasing complex and aging population.
The Death Penalty and Psychiatry: A Historical Overview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since its inception in the 17th century, capital punishment in the United States has undergone several drastic changes. In the past, physicians have been participants in several aspects of the death penalty and the issue of physician participation in this arena has always remained controversial. Psychiatrists form a unique group of physicians that, even though not a direct participant in the mechanics of the execution process itself, has been called upon to provide services in death penalty cases in ways that can influence the final verdict of life or death. This article provides a brief history of capital punishment in the United States and traces the landmark events over the years that have led to an expanded scope for psychiatrists' participation in death penalty cases. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2015;45(12):598–602.]