jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 606: Therapeutic efficacy of ERβ agonists on ovarian cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers in the United States. Despite success with initial chemotherapy, 70% of patients relapse with incurable disease. Development of chemotherapy resistance is the main factor for poor long-term survival in OC. OC stem cells are implicated in tumor initiation and therapy resistance and their elimination is critical for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. The biological effects of estrogens are mediated through their cognate receptors: estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and ER beta (ERβ). Emerging evidence suggests that OC cells express ERβ that functions as a tumor suppressor; however, the clinical utility of ERβ agonists in OC remains elusive. Here, we have tested the utility of ERβ to inhibit OC progression by employing ERβ specific agonists. We have used three different ERβ agonists: liquiritigenin (LIQ) isolated from the plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis, S-equol from soy isoflavone daidzein, and the synthetic compound LY500307 (Eli Lilly). Western analysis revealed detectable expression of ERβ in all OC models tested (SKOV3, BG1 and OVCAR3). Using ERβ reporter gene assay and ERβ specific target gene expression, we confirmed functionality of the ERβ pathway in OC cells. All three ERβ ligands showed significant growth inhibition in MTT and colony formation assays, and ERβ agonists promoted apoptosis. Treatment with ERβ agonists significantly upregulated the expression of ERβ via autocrine signaling. Mechanistic studies revealed ERβ mediated non-classical signaling via AP1 and SP1 as playing a critical role in ERβ mediated tumor suppression. Of the three ligands tested, LY500307 showed more potent growth inhibitory activity (IC50: 3μM). ERβ knockdown using shRNA significantly reduced the ERβ agonist mediated growth inhibition. Interestingly, we found that OC stem cells express ERβ and ERβ agonists significantly decrease the sphere formation by OC stem cells. Additional assays revealed that ERβ agonists reduced the stemness of OC stem cells and enhanced their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Accordingly, ERβ agonists significantly reduced the growth of chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer model cells (cisplatin-resistant ES2, paclitaxel resistant SKOV-3TR cells) and sensitized them to apoptosis. Collectively, our findings show that ERβ agonists have the potential to significantly inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth and reduce stemness; therefore, ERβ agonists represent novel therapeutic agents for the management of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy, Javier E. Chavez, Humberto Salazar, Monica Mann, Jocelyn Hernandez, Samaya Rajeshwari Krishnan, Edward Kost, Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal, Ratna K. Vadlamudi. Therapeutic efficacy of ERβ agonists on ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 606. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-606
Fortification of γ-aminobutyric acid and bioactive compounds in whey by co-fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

본 연구는 모짜렐라 치즈 제조과정에서 분리된 유청을 B. subtilis HA와 L. plantarum EJ2014의 혼합 발효를 통해 ${\gamma}$ -PGA, GABA 등의 기능성 물질이 강화된 발효물을 생산하고자 하였다. 유청 B. subtilis 발효 1일차의 시료 분석결과, pH는 6.51, 산도는 0.32%, 생균수는 8.39 log CFU/mL을 나타냈으며, 점질물...
Study on the Electromagnetic Weft-Inserting Device for a Loom

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To operate a loom at a higher speed, an electromagnetic weft-inserting device was developed. One or more electromagnetic solenoid (s) was or were used in this device to project a carrier of magnetic metal at a high-speed.The application of a quick discharge cur-rent under control by thyristors gives these solenoids an electromagnetic attraction, so that the carrier placed inside the solenoids can be shot out from the solenoids by the attractive force. Thus, the carrier gripping a weft yarn can insert the weft on the loom.From the results of the basic experiments for these solenoids, it has been found that the flying speed of the carrier which is 2-4g in weight was approximately 30 m/sec., thus the improved loom, equipped with this electromagnetic weft-inserting device and 120 cm in reed width, can be operated at more than 300 rpm.
ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF CEMENT KILN DUST FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM SIMULATED POLLUTED WATER

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Heavy metal contamination in the environment is unavoidable issue. Heavy metals directly influence human being lives since they concentrate in the food cycle, even in low amounts. Some heavy metals pollute the water resources, in dangerous limits for human life. The current study suggested the cement kiln dust (CKD) as a low-cost and effective adsorbent to remove heavy metals ions from solutions. Therefore, the study investigated the copper, lead and cadmium removal from aqueous solution by cement kiln dust (CKD) as industrial by-product. The laboratory experiment included two factors. The first factor consists of three different diameter particles i.e., 50,100, and 150 . While the second factor included three concentrations of each of copper, cadmium, and lead ions namely 50,100, and 200 mg. l-1. The cement kiln dust was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine its chemical characteristics. Also, pH and EC were measured for the cement kiln dust solution. Before the study starting, the initial concentration of the copper, cadmium, and lead were measured in the CKD power. The study was conducted at temperature of 25 . The removal efficiency was calculated at two different time of shaking, namely 1 and 2 hours. The obtained results indicated that CKD can be used as a low cost and effective sorbent for copper, cadmium, and lead ions from polluted water. Moreover, the results show that the high pH and high surface area for the cement kiln dust have the main effect of making the CKD efficient adsorbent material.
The possible involvement of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in histamine-induced relaxation of the rat portal vein

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study evaluated the effects of histamine 10(-2) M on longitudinal preparations of rat portal vein. It was observed that histamine 10(-2) M induced relaxation of rat portal vein preparations pre-contracted with phenylephrine 10(-4) M. On the other hand, no pharmacological effects were observed in preparations not pre-contracted. The observed histamine-induced relaxing effect was absent in preparations pre-contracted with KCl (120 mM) or in the presence of depolarizing nutritive solution. However, the histamine-induced relaxation was still present in the endothelium-removed preparations. The histamine-induced relaxation also was not prevented by astemizole (10(-6) M, 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M), cimetidine (10(-5) M, 10(-4) M and 10(-3) M) or thioperamide (10(-6) M, 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M), selective antagonists H(1), H(2) and H(3), respectively. The presence of L-NAME 10(-4) M or L-NAME 10(-4) M plus indomethacin 10(-5) M also did not prevent the histamine-induced relaxation observed in rat portal vein. Thus, the histamine-induced relaxation observed in rat portal vein appears to involve a non-endothelial hyperpolarizing mechanism independent of H(1), H(2) and H(3) receptors.
Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High quality data suggest that natalizumab is effective for induction of clinical remission and response in some patients with moderately to severely active CD. However, none of the included studies had the power to detect rare but serious adverse events such as PML. Due to the association with PML, and the availability of alternative agents that are not associated with PML, natalizumab is not likely to be used in patients who fail currently available medical therapy. The use of natalizumab in select patients (e.g. patients allergic to different biologics) needs to be carefully considered against the potential risk of developing PML. Futher studies of natalizumab are not likely to be done.
Fast deconvolved beamforming For arbitrary arrays based on beam-domain sparse Bayesian learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problem that the conventional deconvolved beamforming methods cannot be directly applied to the specific array with a shift-variant point spread function and also have considerable computational workload, a deconvolved beamforming method for arbitrary arrays based on beam-domain sparse Bayesian learning(SBL) is proposed. First, generalized convolution model for arbitrary arrays in beam-domain is derived. Conventional beamforming is used to obtain several complex output beams. Then, to improve the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA) estimation, the off-grid SBL method which adopts a coarse grid and takes the sampled positions in the coarse grid as the adjustable parameters is applied to achieve deconvolution of complex output beams. Controlling the number of output beams from the conventional beamforming can accelerate the off-grid SBL method while maintaining reasonable accuracy. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides enhanced recovery performance and higher DOA estimation accuracy comparable to the traditional SBL beamforming method in element domain at the same grid interval. Especially for short and dense arrays, it can achieve a decrease in computational complexity by one to two orders of magnitude with the same accuracy.
Activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas and hospital Staphylococci.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Gentamicin is a new basic antibiotic complex isolated from an actinomycete, Microrn?nospora purpurea, in the Research Laboratories of the Schering Corporation, New Jersey. It consists of two components, referred to as gentamicin Q and gentamicin C2, which are closely related in structure and have a similar antibacterial spectrum. Both substances contain a 2-deoxystreptamine component and are chemically related to the streptomycin group of antibiotics (Rosselet et al., 1963). Gentamicin is supplied as the sulphate, which is a white powder readily soluble in water. Gentamicin has been shown to be bactericidal in vitro against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including hospital drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coliform bacilli, and has outstanding activity against Pseudomonas pyocyanea (see White, 1963 ; Weinstein et al., 1963 ; Rubenis et al., 1963 ; Rabinovich et al., 1963). Early clinical trials showed that the antibiotic is effective in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract due to many Gram-negative bacilli, including Ps. pyocyanea (Bulger et ed., 1963 ; Jao and Jackson, 1963 ; Bray ton and Louria, 1964 ; Klein et al., 1964), but if the blood level rises to about 15 /xg./ml. or more there is a danger of severe vestibular damage (Jao and Jackson, 1964). Stone et al. (1964, 1965) reported the successful treatment of severe burns with Ps. pyocyanea septicaemia, both systemic treatment and local gentamicin ointment being used. The present investigation was undertaken in order to compare the activity of gentamicin with that of other streptomycin-like antibiotics against strains of Staph. aureus and coliform bacilli isolated in a British hospital.
Potential Benefits of Using the Combination of Ibet with Ibtk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Tumor Types

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by clonal leukemia of mature B lymphocytes, being the most frequent leukemia in adults. B-cell receptor (BCR) down-regulation of the signaling pathway is believed to play a crucial role in cell survival and survival in CLL. The use of a BTK inhibitor (iBTK), e.g. ibrutinib, has shown high efficacy and low toxicity, but with frequent relapse in high-risk patients. Next generation sequencing identified genes associated with epigenetic regulation in CLL suggesting new therapeutic targets. The family of proteins with bromo-domains and extraterminal domains (BET) is composed of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, which regulates expression of genes associated with growth and cell cycle, metabolism and tumor development. BET inhibitors (iBET) have shown promising results in studies, especially in acute leukemias. However, few studies have evaluated the role of antineoplastic iBET in CLL. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of iBET with iBTK combined treatment in ex vivo cells from patients with CLL and in other cell lines carrying ibrutinib target kinases. This is an observational and experimental study, in which we performed ex vivo functional (cell proliferation and death) and molecular (qPCR) assays with cells from CLL patients and cell lines (MOL13 and H1975). Our results demonstrated that the combination of IBTK (ibrutinib) with IBET (JQ1) induces apoptotic death in primary CLL cells and modulated genes that were essential in CLL development, such as IKZF3, TCL1A, BCL2 and MYC. We also demonstrated that the combination can inhibit proliferation, increasing apoptotic death and decreasing the expression of the MYC oncogene in the MOLM13 (acute myeloid leukemia cell line), in addition we identified that the H1975 (lung cancer cell line) had a significant reduction in proliferation with the combination of iBET with iBTK. According to this scenario, we conclude that the combination of iBET with iBTK seems to be a possible therapeutic strategy both in CLL and in other types of cancer, however, further analyses are needed.
Isolation and identification of Aeromonas hydrophila from an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicemia in snakes.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated during an outbreak of a fatal disease among snakes kept in the serpentarium of the Razi Institute. The organism was identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical properties, as well as pathogenicity for both warm blood and poikilothermic animals.
Analysis of the Current Situation and Risk Factors of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection among ICU Patients in Guizhou, China During 2019–2022

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to explore the prevalence, features, and risk factors of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a newly established hospital in Zunyi City. The goal is to devise strategies for preventing LRTIs in the ICU of new hospitals, thereby mitigating the incidence of nosocomial LRTIs in ICU patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2022 to investigate the incidence rate of LRTIs in the ICU of a newly constructed hospital in Zunyi City. Patients with LRTIs constituted the case group, while those without LRTIs constituted the control group, where a 1:1 matching principle was adhered to. A single-factor chi-squared (χ2) test was employed to analyze the risk factors, with independent risk factors being explored using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 169 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, comprising 66.28% gram-negative bacteria, 17.75% gram-positive bacteria, and 15.97% fungi. The most prevalent pathogens included Acinetobacter baumannii (43.20%), Candida albicans (10.65%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.88%). Of the 82 strains infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria in patients with LRTIs, 81.7% were carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, 9.8% were multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 6.1% were carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. Identified risk factors included smoking history, total hospitalization days, ICU stay length, hypoproteinemia, indwelling gastric tube, intubation type, duration of mechanical ventilation, usage of antibacterial drugs, and administration of protein drugs (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that these factors were independent risk factors for nosocomial LRTIs in ICU patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ICU patients in our hospital were mainly infected by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. To prevent LRTIs in patients, tailored preventive measures should be developed and the rational use of antibacterial drugs should be promoted.
On-Chip Stochastic Detection of Silver Nanoparticles without a Reference Electrode

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report the electrochemical detection of 20 nm silver nanoparticles at a chip-based microelectrode array (MEA) without the need for a conventional reference electrode. This is possible due to the system's open-circuit potential allowing the oxidation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The hypothesis is confirmed by modulating the open-circuit potential via addition of ascorbic acid in solution, effectively inhibiting the detection of silver nanoparticle events. Employing the reference-free detection concept, we observe a linear relationship between the nanoparticle impact frequency at the microelectrodes and the nanoparticle concentration. This allows for viable quantification of silver nanoparticle concentrations in situ. The presented concept is ideal for the development of simple lab-on-a-chip or point-of-use systems enabling fast and low-cost screening of nanoparticles.
Interrelations between commercial beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars and Meloidogyne species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Most beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars in South Africa are exotic and were specifically bred for root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematode populations in their countries of origin. Due to the widespread distribution of different Meloidogyne species and races, exotic cultivars should be matched with nematode populations in importing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the interrelations between exotic beetroot cultivars ‘Detroit Red Dark’ and ‘Crimson Globe’ with Meloidogyne species in the predominant beetroot-producing regions in South Africa. Different inoculum series of M. incognita and M. javanica were used on the two beetroot cultivars. At 56 days after initiating the treatments, roots of both cultivars had small undeveloped root galls, with the reproductive factor values of M. incognita on ‘Detroit Dark Red’ being above and below unity at low (≤125 inoculation) and high (≥250 inoculation) nematode levels, respectively. Growth of ‘Detroit Dark Red’ was significantly stimulated and inhibited at low and high nematode infection levels, respectively. In contrast, RF values for M. javanica on ‘Crimson Globe’ were below unity, without any significant effects on plant growth. In conclusion, ‘Detroit Dark Red’ was tolerant to M. incognita, whereas ‘Crimson Globe’ was resistant to M. javanica.
Integrin-Mediated TGFβ Activation Modulates the Tumour Microenvironment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TGFβ (transforming growth factor-beta) is a pleotropic cytokine with contrasting effects in cancer. In normal tissue and early tumours, TGFβ acts as a tumour suppressor, limiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, these effects are eventually abrogated by the loss or inactivation of downstream signalling within the TGFβ pathway, and in established tumours, TGFβ then acts as a tumour promotor through multiple mechanisms including inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and increasing angiogenesis. TGFβ is secrereted as a large latent complex and is embedded in the extracellular matrix or held on the surface of cells and must be activated before mediating its multiple functions. Thus, whilst TGFβ is abundant in the tumour microenvironment (TME), its functionality is regulated by local activation. The αv-integrins are major activators of latent-TGFβ. The potential benefits of manipulating the immune TME have been highlighted by the clinical success of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in a number of solid tumour types. TGFβ is a potent suppressor of T-cell-mediated immune surveillance and a key cause of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, as certain integrins locally activate TGFβ, they are likely to have a role in the immunosuppressive TME, although this remains to be confirmed. In this review, we discussed the role of TGFβ in cancer, the role of integrins in activating TGFβ in the TME, and the potential benefits of targeting integrins to augment immunotherapies.
The Accelerating Decline of the Mass Transfer Rate in the Recurrent Nova T Pyxidis*

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The recurrent nova T Pyxidis (T Pyx) has erupted six times since 1890, with its last outburst in 2011, and the relatively short recurrence time between classical nova explosions indicates that T Pyx must have a massive white dwarf (WD) accreting at a high rate. It is believed that, since its outburst in 1890, the mass transfer rate in T Pyx was very large due to a feedback loop where the secondary is heated by the hot WD. The feedback loop has been slowly shutting off, reducing the mass transfer rate, and thereby explaining the magnitude decline of T Pyx from ∼13.8 (before 1890) to 15.7 just before the 2011 eruption. We present an analysis of the latest Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet and optical spectra, obtained 12 yr after the 2011 outburst, showing that the mass transfer rate has been steadily declining and is now below its preoutburst level by about 40%: M ̇ ∼ 1 − 3 × 10 − 7 M ⊙ yr −1 for a WD mass of ∼1.0–1.4 M ⊙ , an inclination of 50°–60°, reddening of E ( B − V ) = 0.30 ± 0.05, and a Gaia Data Release 3 distance of 2860 − 471 + 816 pc. This steady decrease in the mass transfer rate in the ∼decade after the 2011 outburst is in sharp contrast with the more constant preoutburst ultraviolet continuum flux level from archival International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra. The flux (i.e., M ̇ ) decline rate is 29 times faster now in the last ∼decade than observed since 1890 to ∼2010. The feedback loop shut off seems to be accelerating, at least in the decade following its 2011 outburst. In all eventualities, our analysis confirms that T Pyx is going through an unusually peculiar short-lived phase.