jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geographies of the Good Life: Tuan, Adorno, and Curious Affinities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1986 Yi-Fu Tuan, humanistic geographer, published The Good Life. In 1951 Theodor W. Adorno, pioneer of the early Frankfurt School, published Minima Moralia: Reflections on a Damaged Life, concerned with ‘the teaching of the good life’. Two ostensibly so very different authors: one a geographer, humanist with a positive, optimistic, and ‘sunny outlook’; the other a critical theorist, Marxist of sorts, negative dialectician, a pessimistic curmudgeon. Yet they hold similar concerns: both addressing the grander themes of philosophy, aesthetics, and morality; both consistently shuttling between the ‘light’ and the ‘dark’; both worrying away at the tangled onto-epistemological relations between the universal and the particular; and, specifically, both querying the dangerous ‘transactionalism’ of modern human life. In this paper, Adorno will be deployed to read Tuan against the grain, from which a bleaker, less cheery, more critically attuned Tuan may be glimpsed. This assessment comprises a contribution to current debates about ‘negativity’ and ‘criticality’ in and beyond human geography, including the challenge of meeting and responding to the current conjuncture of a world ‘lived wrongly’.
The Services Transformation and Network Policy: The New Logic of Value Creation1

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract There is currently a fundamental transformation of services, a transformation central to the growth of productivity and competition in the global economy. This transformation, a response to commodification generated by decomposition of production and intensified competition in global markets, is driven by developments in IT tools, the uses they are being put to, and the networks they run on. The service transformation is changing how firms add value, affecting the underlying economic activity in countries around the world. This article introduces the notion of the services transformation, placing it in the historical context of production and competition, noting the advent of the Internet as a critical building block. Second, we consider national strategies for capturing value in this new era. The experiences of Japan and Korea, successful in deploying high‐speed IT networks, but facing unexpected challenges in using them to capture value, highlight several features of the services transformation.
Humanitarianism’s Thin Red Line: Armed Escorts in Theory and Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In armed conflicts around the world, armed escorts are increasingly used by civilian actors in the delivery of humanitarian assistance. These escorts, at times, include peacekeepers, counter-insurgents, armed forces, armed groups or even private security companies. The use of armed actors, however, remains a critically underexplored issue. This paper will assess the theory and practice of the use of armed escorts by humanitarian actors, uncovering the legitimising discourse and the impact that armed escorts have on humanitarian principles and acceptance by local communities. It accomplishes this through a critical analysis of humanitarian guidelines and policy documents and draws from the limited research on armed escorts. The article draws from fieldwork in Sudan in 2022 to empirically show these trends in Darfur, demonstrating that the use of armed escorts by one non-governmental organisation can cause a knock-on effect to others, and that once in place, there is a lock-in effect.
Simulation of magnetic levitation system using NARX neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we presented an approach to simulation of magnetic levitation system using nonlinear autoregressive neural network. First, the model of this highly nonlinear system is described and after that the NARX model of neural network is given. Also, numerical optimization techniques for improved network training are described and obtained experimental results from NARX network trainings are shown. It is verified that NARX neural network can be successfully used to simulate real magnetic levitation system. In future works, it can be useful for design of different control algorithms.
The Cytoskeletal Adaptor Protein IQGAP1 Regulates TCR-Mediated Signaling and Filamentous Actin Dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 is a multimodular scaffold that controls signaling and cytoskeletal regulation in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. However, the functional role of IQGAP1 in T cell development, activation, and cytoskeletal regulation has not been investigated. In this study, we show that IQGAP1 is dispensable for thymocyte development as well as microtubule organizing center polarization and cytolytic function in CD8+ T cells. However, IQGAP1-deficient CD8+ T cells as well as Jurkat T cells suppressed for IQGAP1 were hyperresponsive, displaying increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production, heightened LCK activation, and augmented global phosphorylation kinetics after TCR ligation. In addition, IQGAP1-deficient T cells exhibited increased TCR-mediated F-actin assembly and amplified F-actin velocities during spreading. Moreover, we found that discrete regions of IQGAP1 regulated cellular activation and F-actin accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that IQGAP1 acts as a dual negative regulator in T cells, limiting both TCR-mediated activation kinetics and F-actin dynamics via distinct mechanisms.
Macroeconomic Drivers of Foreign Capital Inflows: Revisiting Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment Nexus in Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Foreign direct investment plays a critical role in the economic development of emerging economies, including Pakistan, by fostering job creation, industrialization, and the transfer of technology. Tax policy is a central determinant in shaping investor confidence and influencing the inflow of foreign direct investment. This study examines the impact of taxation policy on foreign direct investment in Pakistan, while also considering gross domestic product growth, exchange rate, and domestic interest rate as control variables. Annual time-series data from 1975 to 2024, sourced from the World Bank, the Economic Survey of Pakistan, and the State Bank of Pakistan, are utilized for empirical analysis. The findings reveal that both the tax rate and exchange rate exert statistically significant and negative effects on foreign direct investment inflows, indicating that higher tax burdens and unfavorable exchange rates act as deterrents to foreign investors. In contrast, the domestic interest rate exhibits a strong positive association with foreign direct investment, while gross domestic product growth does not show a significant impact. Diagnostic tests confirm the robustness of the model and indicate the absence of major econometric issues. The results underscore the pivotal importance of an investor-friendly tax regime in attracting and sustaining foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Policymakers are therefore encouraged to reduce the overall tax burden and maintain macroeconomic stability to enhance Pakistan’s attractiveness as an investment destination on the global stage.
Public Health Issues in Disaster Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Public health issues are critical elements of disaster management, especially large‐scale disasters where the essential public health infrastructure and social protections are destroyed or compromised. Public health consequences usually lead to indirect, preventable, or excess mortality. If basic prevention and preparedness responsibilities are not met, indirect consequences may exceed the direct consequences, especially in war, post‐conflict situations, and large‐scale natural and man‐made disasters.
Feasibility of developing a Twitter journal club for hematology/oncology education.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

11004 Background: Medical trainees are increasingly utilizing social media platforms for professional development, networking and education. Twitter chats (TC) are a growing tool to engage health professionals in virtual multi-institutional, cross-discipline discussions. A meta-analysis of Twitter as a tool in residency education demonstrated high rates of satisfaction and concept retention. Despite rapid uptake, few studies address needs for social media use and implementation in graduate medical education. Methods: We created a Twitter account (@HOjournalclub) and registered a certified hashtag (#HOJournalClub) with healthcare symplur. For each monthly TC, a specific tumor type and relevant publication was selected. This information was disseminated and amplified to reach trainees on Twitter. A content expert was invited to each TC to provide additional commentary. During TCs, participants answer questions based on domains of critical journal appraisal. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. Basic demographics and tracked hashtag use to measure impressions, participants, and tweets per TC were gathered. Responses were collated and general themes were assessed. Participants were surveyed on ease of participation, article accessibility, and prior use of social media for education. Results: Since inception, @HOJournalClub has grown to >650 followers. Most are US-based (83%) medical trainees or healthcare professionals. Additional followers are in South America, Africa, UK, Europe, Middle East, India, East Asia and Australia. Gender is evenly distributed (51% male, 49% female.) Five #HOJournalClub chats have been held to date. Each attracted a mean of 30 participants, generating a mean of 217 tweets. Chats garnered a mean of 270,000 impressions (221,000-319,000) in the 48h after TC. Most participants accessed the chat in real time, with a small subset responding at alternate times. This asynchronous use has enhanced international participation. In post-TC surveys, majority of respondents report being new (48%) or sporadic (48%) users of TCs. Survey participants reported TC participation increased interaction with others in the field, improved literature appraisal skills and led to changes in clinical practice. Conclusions: Implementation of a Twitter-based journal club is feasible and attracts participation from trainees, promoting engagement and networking. It represents a novel educational tool for engagement in multi-institutional, multi-national and cross-discipline discussion of relevant hematology/oncology literature.
One year later

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Beginning November 2020, over two hundred thousand farmers have gathered in a prolonged sit-in on the borders of New Delhi. The immediate impetus for the protests was the passage of three laws that ease the entry of agribusiness into the agricultural sector. The farmers' protests began eight months after mass protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act, enacted in December 2019. This amendment to India's Citizenship Act disbars Muslims from neighboring countries from seeking citizenship on the grounds of religious persecution. In this essay I explore some themes as they resonate across these two movements as they relate to a fundamental crisis of postcolonial nationhood. I argue that these protests have interrupted Hindu nationalism's narrative by forging a new kind of caring crowd in which embodied acts of care create an ethical vision of citizenship. Popular politics materialized in these movements may be viewed as ongoing plebiscites on the neoliberal consensus in contemporary India.
Exergy based sustainability analysis of a dual fluid hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to investigate the exergetic sustainability index (SI) of a dual-fluid PV/T type solar collector that integrates both air and water into the same solar collector. The contribution of the exergy efficiency of each of the dual fluid PV/T collector's components to the overall sustainability of the whole system was analysed. A theoretical approach based on an experimentally validated numerical model was employed. The results show that the SI of the PV component of the dual fluid PV/T system is in general higher than the solar thermal component by approximately 9% since it is higher in quality. When evaluated under three different climatic conditions, the contribution of the thermal component as a cooling medium to the PV is only prominent in hot climates with SI higher by 4% compared to the stand-alone PV system. For the cool and cold temperate climates, the difference is less than 0.1%.
536 – Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Cycloid Psychosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disease characterized by mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene. This mutation may provoke neurotoxic levels of delta-aminolevulinic-acid and porphobilinogen, potentially resulting in an acute life-threatening clinical syndrome, characterized by psychiatric, in particular atypical psychotic, symptoms as well as severe neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms. Since the clinical presentation varies and symptoms are nonspecific, diagnosis is often made late. Objectives: Naming of alarm symptoms based on a recent case study. Methods: Description of a recent case supplemented with data from the literature. Results: The patient is a 46 year old woman who was admitted in 2007 with abdominal pain, an epileptic seizure and weakness, interpreted as a Guillain-Barre syndrome. In 2011 she was readmitted with severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, volatile psychotic symptoms and seizures, following a short period of excessive alcohol consumption. During admission she developed progressive weakness in the upper arms, shooting pains in the limbs and a feeling of tightness. Impaired abdominal breathing was suspected. Again, Guillain-Barré syndrome was considered, but additional studies did not support this diagnosis. Because of the recurrent character of symptomatology following alcohol abuse, acute (intermittent) porphyria was considered diagnostically. The dark-colored urine indeed contained significantly increased delta-aminolevulinic-acid and porphobilinogen concentrations. Additional (genetic) diagnosis follows. Conclusion: A recurrent disease course with severe gastrointestinal, neurological and psychiatric symptoms, following alcoholabuse, is suspect for AIP.
Hand function and self‐care in children with cerebral palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim To examine the relationship between self‐care and bimanual performance in children aged 8 to 12 years with cerebral palsy (CP). Method This was a cross‐sectional study of 74 children with CP (unilateral n =30, bilateral n =44; 48 males, 26 females; median age 9y 8mo [25th, 75th centiles 9y 1mo, 10y 8mo], Manual Abilities Classification System level I=30, II=28, III=16). Self‐care was measured using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI‐CAT), and bimanual performance using the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Both Hands Assessment (BoHA). Measures of cognition, behavioural regulation, inattention, and gross motor function were included. Analyses used a directed acyclic graph to select variables for linear regression modelling. Results Higher AHA and BoHA scores were associated with higher PEDI‐CAT scores. An increase of 1 AHA unit was associated with an increase of 0.12 PEDI‐CAT scores, and a 1 BoHA unit increase was associated with an increase of 0.17 PEDI‐CAT scores. The BoHA accounted for 57% of variance in PEDI‐CAT scores for children with bilateral CP, while BoHA and cognition accounted for 68% of variance. The AHA accounted for 40% of variance in PEDI‐CAT scores for unilateral CP with no effect of cognition on self‐care. Interpretation Self‐care was strongly and positively associated with bimanual performance. Associations between self‐care and bimanual performance differed for those with unilateral and bilateral CP. What this paper adds There is a strong positive relationship between self‐care and bimanual performance for unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Both Hands Assessment (BoHA) scores have a stronger association with self‐care than Assisting Hand Assessment scores. BoHA scores also account for more variation in self‐care. There is a strong positive relationship between self‐care and cognition overall. The effect of cognition on self‐care performance differed for bilateral and unilateral CP.
Suppression of damaging effects of <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by plant powders

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Powders prepared from plant species available in Nigeria are reported to possess ovicidal, larvicidal, pesticidal, antifeedant and repellent properties against various insect pests and are regarded as environmentally compatible pesticides. This study evaluated the action of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Hyptis suaveolens Poit. Piper guineense Thonn. & Schum and Cymbopogon citratus Gaern against the damaging effects of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored cowpea. The experiment was carried out at temperature of 30 ± 1oC and relative humidity of 72 ± 3%. The plant powders were compared at the rate of 2.5 g per 50 g cowpea seeds including the untreated control. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that all the botanicals gave protection to the stored cowpea seeds and significantly (p<0.05) reduced mean adult emergence and seed weight loss (3.75-4.06%) caused by C. maculatus when compared with the untreated control (6.07%). The number of emerged adults from untreated seeds progressively increased with time of exposure compared to the treated seeds. The increasing order of effectiveness of the botanicals in terms of their insecticidal activities against C. maculatus was P. guineense, C. citratus, H. suaveolens, and A. indica. The study, therefore, shows that the botanicals could serve as protectants against C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.Keywords: Botanicals, Callosobruchus maculatus, Cowpea, Damage, Mortality, Protectants
Thermally Enhanced Radioresponse of Cultured Chinese Hamster Cells: Inhibition of Repair of Sublethal Damage and Enhancement of Lethal Damage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

X-irradiation of Chinese hamster cells at temperatures above 37°C results in enhanced killing response. The magnitude of this thermal effect increases with increasing temperature and varies inversely with dose rate during the exposure of the cells to the combined effects of elevated temperature and ionizing radiation. Postirradiation incubation at an elevated temperature is also effective in enhancing the response but not preirradiation hyperthermia. Split-dose experiments demonstrate that hyperthermia also inhibits the repair of sublethal damage for temperatures up to ∼41°C. Above 41°C, lethal damage expression is enhanced as well. Fluctuations in the age-response structure of cells x-irradiated at 42°C are reduced, a result consistent with a reduced capacity for sublethal damage when cells are hyperthermic during irradiation.
Phase relations in the Bi 2 O 3 –Mn 2 O 3 –M 2 O 3 (MFe, Al, and Ga) pseudoternary systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study establishes the subsolidus phase relations in the Bi₂O₃–Mn₂O₃–M₂O₃ (M = Fe, Al, and Ga) systems at 770°C in an oxidizing air environment, with a specific focus on identifying of phase stability and extension of solid solubility of new solid solutions. The pseudoternary nature of these systems is influenced by the presence of both Mn 3 ⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ oxidation states in mullite Bi 2 Mn 4 O 10 ‐based phases and Mn 4+ in sillenite Bi 12 MnO 20 ‐based phases. Our findings reveal that the addition of M₂O₃ (where M = Fe, Al, and Ga) in small amounts (up to 1.5 mol%) to Bi₂O₃ promotes the formation of the γ‐Bi₂O₃ phase. However, with increased M₂O₃ addition (up to 7 mol%), isomorphous sillenite compounds Bi₂₅MO₃₉ are formed. These findings clearly show differences between the two phases, γ‐Bi 2 O 3 and sillenite Bi₂₅MO₃₉ which have been largely incorrectly defined in the past. In contrast, in the binary system Bi 2 O 3 –Mn 2 O 3 the γ‐Bi 2 O 3 was not identified. The sillenite compounds Bi 12 MnO 20 and Bi 25 MO 39 exhibit solid solubility in all three systems M = Fe, Al, and Ga over the entire composition range. Additionally, the perovskite phase BiFeO₃ exhibits an extended solid solubility, incorporating up to 32 at% of Mn as a substitution for Fe however the perovskite‐type BiGaO 3 and BiAlO 3 were not confirmed in the investigated systems. In the investigated systems, the mullite‐type Bi 2 Mn 4 O 10 and Bi 2 M 4 O 9 (M = Fe, Al, and Ga) form solid solutions with various compositional extensions, which depends on the difference of ionic size of M atoms (Fe, Al, and Ga) in comparison of Mn size. Based on experimental results, the three phase diagrams of the Bi₂O₃–Mn₂O₃–M₂O₃ (M = Fe, Al, and Ga) systems were constructed.
Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Workers Using Whole Blood Human Interferon-gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study established the diagnosis and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among health-care workers in an endemic population using Tuberculin skin test (TST) and Quantiferon TB-gold. A total of 609 Healthcare workers from tuberculosis treatment facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were studied. The Interferon-gamma release assay was performed using 3ml of whole blood by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Cellestis Ltd., Carnegie, Australia) after which 0.1 ml of 5 tuberculin units of Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) was administered intra-dermally to each subject. TST results were read after 72 hours by measuring the size of indurations in millimetres. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). At the threshold of 10 mm, the prevalence of LTBI by TST was 45.8% and 24.8% at the IGRA diagnostic value of ≥ 0.351 IU. Laboratory staff and ward orderlies as well as being in service for >10 years, were more significantly associated with LTBI. A moderate agreement of 76.7%, k = 0.51 was obtained between TST at 10 mm, and QFT. Neither previous exposure to TST nor BCG vaccination affected the prevalence of LTBI in the study population. The difference of 54% prevalence of LTBI between TST and QFT may be due to non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) since TST is non-specific. This may have grave implications of drug toxicity and development of resistance to anti-TB drug among individuals harbouring NTM, but receiving anti-TB medication. The 76.7% agreement between the two tests is an indication that the 10 mm cut-off induration for TST is still relevant in the diagnosis of LTBI.
The entropy of a mixture of probability distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

If a message can have n different values and all values are equally probable, then the entropy of the message is log(n). In the present paper, we investigate the expectation value of the entropy, for arbitrary probability distribution. For that purpose, we apply mixed probability distributions. The mixing distribution is represented by a point on an infinite dimensional hypersphere in Hilbert space. During an `arbitrary' calculation, this mixing distribution has the tendency to become uniform over a flat probability space of ever decreasing dimensionality. Once such smeared-out mixing distribution is established, subsequent computing steps introduce an entropy loss expected to equal $\\frac{1}{m+1} + \\frac{1}{m+2} + ... + \\frac{1}{n}$, where n is the number of possible inputs and m the number of possible outcomes of the computation.