jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reg-1α Promotes Differentiation of Cortical Progenitors via Its N-Terminal Active Domain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reg-1α belongs to the Reg family of small, secreted proteins expressed in both pancreas and nervous system. Reg-1α is composed of two domains, an insoluble C-type lectin domain and a short soluble N-terminal peptide, which is released from the molecule upon proteolytic N-terminal processing, although the biological significance of this proteolysis remains unclear. We have previously shown that binding of Reg-1α to its receptor Extl3 stimulates axonal outgrowth. Reg-1α and Extl3 genes are expressed in the developing cortex but their expression decreases in adulthood, pointing to a possible function of this signaling system at the early developmental stages. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant Reg-1α increases migration and differentiation of cultured embryonic rat telencephalic progenitors via the activation of GSK-3β activity. In vivo overexpression of Reg-1α by in utero electroporation, has a similar effect, favoring premature differentiation of cortical progenitors. Notably, the N-terminal soluble domain, but not the C-type lectin domain, is largely responsible for Reg-1α effects on cortical neuronal differentiation. We thus conclude that Reg-1α via its proteolytically generated N-terminal domain is required for basic development processes.
The Shubnikov–de Haas effect in Sb1–xBix alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Shubnikov–de Haas effect was studied in Sb1–xBix alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) in stationary magnetic fields of up to 175 kOe. The cyclotron mass, Fermi energy, Dingle temperature, and carrier concentration are estimated. The cross-sectional areas of the Fermi surfaces of electrons and holes were observed to vary linearly with an increase in the bismuth concentration in the alloys.
EU Competences and Subsidiarity in Fundamental Rights Protection

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The limited competences of the EU are oft en mentioned as a problematic issue in relation to its obligation to protect fundamental rights. The limits related to the competences of the EU are addressed at different places in the Charter, the explanations to the Charter, the EU Treaties as well as in the context of the accession to the Convention, and in the discussions related thereto. The EU does not have a general competence to take action to protect fundamental rights, so how can positive obligations which may require legislative, administrative or judicial measures to be fulfilled actually be accommodated within the context of EU law? Would the ECJ, first, be expanding the competences of the EU institutions if it were to impose positive obligations on them to ensure the protection of fundamental rights in the implementation of certain policy fields of EU law? Secondly, would the ECJ (always) be interfering in the competences of the member states, if it were to impose obligations on them to take additional measures to ensure that fundamental rights are protected within the scope of EU law? Thirdly, would the ECJ leave gaps in the protection of fundamental rights if it decided that there was no scope to accept positive obligations on the basis of the limited competences of the EU? To gauge the potential for the development of positive obligations by the ECJ, the issue of competences is clearly important. This chapter examines whether and within what limits the definition of negative or positive obligations can be reconciled with the principle of limited EU competences. To answer this question, this chapter will address the inherently complicated relationship between the EU ‘ s limited competences and its obligation to protect fundamental rights.
BUILDING COMPETENCIES FOR MANAGING VIRTUAL TEAMS IN LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS: CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives. The present article aims to examine the difficulties faced by local governments during their digital transitions, highlighting the urgent need to improve higher education programmes focused on public administration and related fields in order to adequately prepare future public servants for the demands of the digital age. This underscores the significance of practical competencies for effective virtual team management in collaborative projects. Methods/Approaches. A literature-based approach was employed to analyse and summarise scientific literature, thereby identifying theoretical concepts and practical aspects of the digital transformation of local and regional authorities. This approach is combined with a comparative analysis to illustrate the differences between traditional team practices and virtual ones, further commenting on the necessary knowledge and skills that future public servants must develop. In order to ascertain the extent to which the underutilisation of virtual or hybrid teams within local public administrations is attributable to the absence of contemporary training in teamwork in a digital environment, an on-desk study of the publicly available curricula of 14 Bulgarian universities offering Bachelor's and/or Master's degrees in "Public Administration" or a related discipline was conducted. Additionally, a specially designed 16-question, closed-ended online survey was conducted with representatives of 28 Bulgarian local and regional administrations. The survey focused on technological use and opinions on virtual teams and their associated challenges. Results. The paper proposes a conceptual model of core competencies for managing virtual teams within public authorities, which is derived from the study assessing the opportunities to establish and sustain effective virtual teams of 28 NUTS III-level public administrations in a single pilot municipality. The survey data reveal a complex set of interrelated challenges affecting the efficiency and security of virtual teams in local public administrations. These competencies are broadly categorised into three thematic areas: digital competence, procedural infrastructure, and information security. Conclusion. The study examined key obstacles to the implementation of virtual teams, such as technological limitations, connectivity issues and cross-cultural disparities. It also examined digital literacy among local authority personnel and recommended educational changes based on an analysis of existing "Public Administration" Bachelor's and Master's degree curricula.
Rapid Preparation of a Self-Luminous Cd-Based Metal–Organic Framework Using AIEgen Ligands for High-Performance Electrochemiluminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The design and synthesis of high-efficiency electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters hold great promise for a wide range of analytical applications. In this study, we developed a rapid and straightforward strategy to fabricate a self-luminous Cd-based metal-organic framework (Cd-MOF) using individual aggregation-induced emission ligands, specifically 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethane (TPPE), within a few seconds. The rigid and directionally enriched metal node of Cd, along with the organic ligands, is formed within the Cd-MOF via coordination, effectively constraining the intramolecular free motions of TPPE and suppressing nonradiative relaxation. Additionally, the unique porous structure combined with the catalytic activity resulting from the incorporation of Cd2+, endow the Cd-MOF with 90-fold ECL enhancement compared to individual TPPE as more chromophores are electro-excited and more coreactants are catalyzed to produce luminescence. The as-made Cd-MOF amplifies the ECL performance by integrating ECL emitters and coreactant accelerators into a single entity, simplifying the sensing process. Leveraging the excellent ECL performance, we constructed a sensitive ECL sensor for hydroquinone based on competitive reactions, with a wide linear range from 200 nM to 1 mM and a satisfying detection limit as low as 80 nM.
Towards Scarless Wound Healing: A Comparison of Protein Expression between Human, Adult and Foetal Fibroblasts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proteins from human adult and foetal fibroblast cell lines were compared, focusing on those involved in wound healing. Proteins were separated through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Differences in protein spot intensity between the lineages were quantified through 3D gel scanning densitometry. Selected protein spots were excised, subjected to tryptic digests, prior to separation using HPLC with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, and identified. Protein maps representing the proteomes from adult and foetal fibroblasts showed similar distributions but revealed differences in expression levels. Heat shock cognate 71 kDA protein, Tubulin alpha-1A chain, actin cytoplasmic-1, and neuron cytoplasmic protein were all expressed in significantly higher concentrations by foetal fibroblasts, nearly double those observed for their adult counterparts. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, Cofilin-1, Peroxiredoxin-1, Lactotransferrin Galectin-1, Profilin-1, and Calreticulin were expressed at comparatively higher concentrations by the adult fibroblasts. Significant differences in the expression levels of some proteins in human adult and foetal fibroblasts correlated with known differences in wound healing behaviour. This data may assist in the development of technologies to promote scarless wound healing and better functional tissue repair and regeneration.
Thermodynamics-Guided Strand-Displacement-Based DNA Probe for Determination of the Average Methylation Levels of Multiple CpG Sites

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Determination of the methylation levels of genes of interest is fundamental for biological and medical research that involves DNA methylation. Using the average methylation levels of multiple CpG sites to represent the methylation levels of the whole gene is much more accurate than using that of only one CpG site. However, current methods that can provide the average methylation levels of several CpG sites are all expensive, time-consuming (several weeks), and labor-intensive. Herein, guided by the unique thermodynamics of the DNA strand-displacement process, we constructed a DNA fluorescent probe for determination of the average methylation levels of multiple CpG sites. Theoretical calculations of the reaction process and proof-of-concepts experiments on two to three CpG sites of synthesized DNA validated the basic principles of our probe. Taking two CpG sites in the promotor regions of SF-1 (steroidogenic factor 1) gene and VDR (vitamin D receptor) gene as the targets, we successfully measured their average methylation levels in nine endometrial cancer patients and two healthy persons. We believe our probe will be a very useful tool in the field, and we anticipate it being widely adopted by biological and medical investigators.
Progress in quantitative analysis of plant hormones

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant hormones are small molecular natural products that regulate all plant developmental processes at low concentrations. Quantitative analysis of plant hormones is increasingly important for in-depth study of their biosynthesis,transport,metabolism and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Although plant hormone analysis remains a bottleneck in plant scientific research owing to the trace concentrations and complex components in plant crude extracts,much progress has been achieved in the development of extraction,purification and detection techniques in recent years. Solid phase extraction and chromatography/mass spectrometry have been applied widely for purification and quantitative analysis of plant hormones owing to their high selectivity and sensitivity. Purification methods such as liquid partition and immunoaffinity chromatography,and detection methods including immunoassay and electrochemical analysis,are employed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. In situ,real-time and multi-plant hormone profiling will comprise mainstream techniques for quantitative analyses in future studies on the regulatory mechanisms and crosstalk of plant hormones.
Reaching PV grid parity: LCOE analysis for the Italian framework

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to reach the EU targets 2020 and the RES \ndevelopment, the significant key idea of the incentives \nshould be allowing each technology to a progressive \nimprovement towards the competitiveness or so-called grid \nparity. In Italy this process has already started, the first \nresults show that the grid parity could be achieved in a few \nyears, even if the presence of possible barriers could be \ndelayed or accelerated the grid parity.
Cryopreservation of Gaga’ chicken semen from South Sulawesi, Indonesia with the addition of L-carnitine, hyaluronic acid, sucrose and their combination in diluent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Khaeruddin, Wahjuningsih S, Ciptadi G, Yusuf M, Hermawansyah, Sahiruddin. 2022. Cryopreservation of Gaga’ chicken semen from South Sulawesi, Indonesia with the addition of L-carnitine, hyaluronic acid, sucrose and their combination in diluent. Biodiversitas 23: 3297-3302. Gaga' chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is Indonesian germplasm that needs to be preserved with cryopreservation technology. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of adding L-Carnitine, hyaluronic acid, and sucrose as well as their combination in a diluent on the quality of Gaga' chicken spermatozoa after freeze-thawing. A completely randomized design was used along with 6 treatments, namely P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, containing Ringer acetate-egg yolk (RAEY) diluent (P0), RAEY + 0.063 mM hyaluronic acid (P1), RAEY + 1 mM L-carnitine (P2), RAEY + 1 mM sucrose (P3), RAEY + 0.063 mM hyaluronic acid + 1 mM L-carnitine (P4), and RAEY + 0.063 mM hyaluronic acid + 1 mM L-carnitine + 1mM sucrose (P5). Liquid semen was packed in a 0.25 mL straw, equilibrated at 5oC for 2 hours, and placed 3 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. It was then immersed in nitrogen for 24 hours and thawed at 60°C for 5 seconds. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the motility, viability, and kinematic variables of spermatozoa after freeze-thawing. P1, P2, P3, and P4 increased progressive motility and curvilinear velocity, while viability increased with P1, P2, and P4 treatments. Furthermore, the addition of Hyaluronic acid, L-carnitine, or their combination in the RAEY diluent can improve the sperm quality of Gaga' chickens.
Comparative Study between Low-Level Laser Therapy VS. Therapeutic Ultrasound along with Exercises in Patients with OA Knee

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pre-post experimental study design.Background: Degenerative changes around knee joint involve ligaments and cartilages.It is heterogeneous group of conditions that leads to joint symptom and signs associated with integrity of articular cartilages.Objectives: Present study was undertaken to add on to available treatment methods for osteoarthritis knee and to find out the effectiveness of laser therapy and ultrasound therapy for treating osteoarthritis knee.Procedure: In this study, 30 participants were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Laser therapy and ultrasound therapy was administered to them for a period of 2 weeks, 5 sessions per week.Pre and post assessment were taken using following outcome measures-Range of Motion (ROM), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).Result: There was significant decrease in NPRS in patients which is suggestive of quality of life.Also, Knee ROM was found to be significantly increases amongst these participants.The outcome of NPRS and knee ROM was statistically analysed.It was found to be effective with significant P value<0.000.Conclusion: Ultrasound therapy is an effective treatment and can be used for treatment of patients with OA knee.
[Gastroduodenal bleedings in critical illness].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute erosive lesions of upper parts of gastrointestinal tract with bleeding aggravate severe burn trauma, postoperative period after extensive surgeries and is the often component of polyorganic insufficiency syndrome. Gastric secretion in patients with severe burn trauma and neurotrauma was studied. Decrease of gastric secretory function due to central paresis of gastrointestinal tract and reflux of bile into stomach was seen in majority of patients with neurotrauma and acute gastric ulcers. On the contrary, in patients with burn shock increase of acid-secretory function of stomach was revealed. Schemes of prophylaxis and treatment of acute ulcers were developed. They included antacid therapy (for patients with increased secretion), regulators of motor-evacuatory function of stomach and intestine (for patients with paresis), drugs increased regenerative properties of mucosa, early enteral nutrition with balanced mixtures. This treatment in combination with hemostatic therapy and cure of main disease permitted to reduce number of gastroduodenal bleedings and lethality in these patients.
Two-Stage Community Energy Trading Under End-Edge-Cloud Orchestration

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The end-edge-cloud orchestration of the virtual power plant (VPP) enables the edge server to timely serve community users. By deploying the community energy storage system (CESS) and the community peer-to-peer (P2P) market, prosumers can form energy communities to achieve self-sufficiency of energy and independence from fuel-based power generators. This article proposed a two-stage community energy trading model under end-edge-cloud orchestration. The community P2P trading is the first stage where the edge server can execute the automatic bidding process for multiple buyers and sellers based on the real-time users' energy profiles and the Bayesian-game-based pricing mechanism. The trading between the retailer and energy communities is the second stage where the edge server can dynamically update the optimal operation of the CESS based on the dynamic pricing mechanism. An original centralized optimization problem is decomposed into subproblems for each stakeholder and solved through the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Considering ADMM needs multiple information exchanges, a general form of the communication-censored ADMM for sharing problems is proposed to decrease the communication cost. Numerical simulations prove that the proposed mechanism can effectively increase transaction efficiency, avoid the new demand peak brought by the utilization of the CESS, and decrease the communication cost.
Changes in the solid and liquid phases of different soils in model experiments with monoliths

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In long-term (20-year-long) experiments, the behavior of different soils under natural conditions different from their usual functioning conditions were analyzed. From soils under natural conditions, organic and mineral substances were partly leached or accumulated under the influence of introduced mixed fir, cedar, and birch falloff. During the time of the experiment, the humus composition distinctly changed. The leached chernozem turned out to be the most stable object; the loamy rock was the least stable one. In the latter, humus was notably accumulated. The intensity of the substance flux through the soils already began to change in 3–5 years, but only after 15 years did some quantitative changes take place. At the same time, the trends of the changes depended on the genesis and initial properties of the soils. The composition of the organic substances in the lysimetric water was related to the soil nature, and, during 20 years, it essentially did not change.
Annotated Lesson Plans: The Impact on Teacher Candidate Preparation for Emergent Bilingual Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores the concept of annotated lesson plans. Teacher candidates annotated why modifications were made to their lesson plans to support emergent bilinguals. They included the research and theory to support such modifications. This research demonstrates the impact of annotated lesson plans on candidates in connecting their understanding of learning and language acquisition theories to actual classroom practices. Two questions guided the research: (1) Would annotated lesson plans assist teacher candidates in connecting language and learning theories to the modifications made in their lesson plans? (2) What was the impact of creating the annotated lesson plan on the teacher candidates, as expressed through their self-reflection of the process? Founded on the base of naturalistic inquiry (Lincoln & Guba, 1985), the data collected was contextualized within the frame of a teacher candidate course. Annotated lesson plans and accompanying reflection papers were gathered as data. These items were analyzed based on the guidelines established by Lincoln and Guba (1985) and Spradley (1980). Teacher candidates connected theories to their planned lessons. They demonstrated and expressed better understanding of related theories and methods. While a minority of the candidates expressed concerns with their overall preparation to educate emergent bilingual students, the majority of the candidates felt the lesson plans provided them with greater confidence in meeting the needs of such students. The implications of the study are that annotated lesson plans can better prepare preservice teachers for teaching emergent bilinguals.
WAVE-2 and Its Role in LRRK2 Mediated Neuroinflammation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's Disease, primarily resulting from microglial activation. Microglia are the primary phagocytic cells of the central nervous system, and their activation play a significant role in neuroinflammation. Microglial activation and the changes in their morphological appearance depend on the actin cytoskeleton reorganization. WASP family Verprolin-homologous protein-2 (WAVE2), a member of Wiskott Aldrich's Syndrome Proteins, is a primary regulator of actin cytoskeleton. This study is aimed to test the effect of WAVE2 inhibition on inflammatory phenotype of BV-2 microglial cells. We have shown that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation significantly upregulates oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling, and cause changes in appearance of BV-2 microglial cells. Knocking down WAVE2 with the help of adeno-associated virus vector does not block these outcomes. These data suggest that the inflammatory phenotype of microglial cells may not be primarily dependent on WAVE2 signaling.
Global Legal Interaction and Legal Cultures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract . The legal discourse of a steadily growing European legal community and universal legal harmonization is misleading since it abstracts completely from the cultural dimension of law which consist of patterns of interpretation and behavioral routines with respect to law. The article makes use of abundant literature in administrative sciences, international management research and socio‐psychological studies in Intercultural Communication in order to propose indicators for a comparison of legal cultures in the areas of European legal integration, international commercial transactions and international lawyering.