jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perfused organ model development and evaluation for irreversible electroporation investigations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a technique to kill cells by delivering a series of short-duration, high voltage square wave electric pulses into tissue to alter the native cellular transmembrane potential, creating irrecoverable nanoscale defects in the cell membrane. IRE protocols constrain Joule heating below temperatures that cause coagulation of extracellular proteins, and consequently spare critical structures that contraindicate other thermal-based therapies. Tissue-level characterization and optimization of IRE treatment conventionally requires costly and logistically complex in vivo experiments, since affected zones cannot be visualized in expired ex vivo tissue. This has limited IRE protocol evolution. Here, an alternate method using active perfusion of freshly harvested organs with an appropriate viability stain is described, and offers an approach to visualize IRE-affected tissue. The lesions were validated against protocol-matched in vivo trials. This offers an approach to cheaply expedite IRE development, permitting faster protocol and device optimization, ultimately offering better clinical outcomes.
[Docetaxel for metastatic prostate cancer: early is better].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been used to treat patients with metastatic prostate cancer for many years. Docetaxel chemotherapy administered to patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer has been standard since 2004 with a modest survival benefit. Recent data from two randomised studies (CHAARTED and STAMPEDE) demonstrate that combining ADT with docetaxel in men with hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer resulted in an impressive overall survival benefit of more than a year as compared with ADT alone. In a meta-analysis, the consistency of these data was confirmed. On the basis of these data, addition of six 3-weekly courses of docetaxel to ADT should be considered as standard treatment in chemo-fit patients with hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer.
Examination of COVID-19 Phobias of Physical Education Teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)]'un dünya çapında yaygınlaşması, eğitim sektöründe derin bir etki yaratmıştır. Eğitim sektörünün önemli aktörleri olan öğretmenler, salgından en çok etkilenen kişiler arasındadır. Bu araştırmada, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin, COVID-19 fobilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, nicel araştırma türünde genel tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Malatya'da görev yapan ve uygun örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilmiş 207 gönüllü beden eğitimi öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, 'COVID-19 Fobisi Ölçeği' kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri analizi için frekans ve yüzde gibi betimsel istatistikler ve COVID-19 fobisindeki farklılığın çeşitli değişkenlere göre test edilmesi için bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçları, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 fobilerinin cinsiyet, ikamet yeri, düzenli spor yapma, yakınlarından veya çevresinden herhangi birisine COVID-19 teşhisi konma durumlarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 fobileri yaşadıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmada, kadın beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 kaynaklı fobilerden daha fazla etkilendikleri, ikamet yerinin öğretmenlerin COVID-19 fobi düzeylerini değiştirebileceği, düzenli yapılan spor aktivitelerinin COVID-19 fobilerine karşı koruyucu bir etki oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Orthodontic Management of Anterior and Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Crossbite refers to abnormal labiolingual and buccolingual relations between the opposing teeth. This results in the imbalanced facial appearance of the patient causing varied degrees of distress based on the individual's values and self-esteem. The management of skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior and posterior crossbite can be challenging. This case report describes a case of skeletal class III malocclusion complicated with an anterior, and unilateral posterior crossbite, and severe crowding which was managed satisfactorily with a fixed orthodontic appliance. The proper clinical examination, diagnosis, problem list, and formulation of the treatment plan are of utmost importance for the proper management of the case. The diagnosis can be done through proper history, clinical examination, an orthopantomogram, and a lateral cephalogram. The patient's grin was transformed from a non-consonant to a consonant smile, and the profile was transformed from slightly concave to straight.
Portable dentistry: a part of general dentistry's service mix.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Portable dentistry is a service that is easy to provide and profitable; the demand is expected to increase as the population ages. The author encourages incorporating portable dentistry as a methodical and planned service, alongside traditional fixed practice, to benefit the patient and the profession. The profession of dentistry is challenged to consider its ethical and moral obligation to homebound and institutional patients, citing instances worthy of consideration. Barriers that prevent access to care are discussed and some are reduced to manageable components of business such as finances or concerns with treating the medically complicated patient. Opportunities and possibilities for personal, professional, and financial growth through the provision of portable dentistry are cited.
New Method for Rapid 3D Reconstruction of Semi-Transparent Underwater Animals and Structures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis Morphological features are the primary identifying properties of most animals and key to many comparative physiological studies, yet current techniques for preservation and documentation of soft-bodied marine animals are limited in terms of quality and accessibility. Digital records can complement physical specimens, with a wide array of applications ranging from species description to kinematics modeling, but options are lacking for creating models of soft-bodied semi-transparent underwater animals. We developed a lab-based technique that can live-scan semi-transparent, submerged animals, and objects within seconds. To demonstrate the method, we generated full three-dimensional reconstructions (3DRs) of an object of known dimensions for verification, as well as two live marine animals—a siphonophore and an amphipod—allowing detailed measurements on each. Techniques like these pave the way for faster data capture, integrative and comparative quantitative approaches, and more accessible collections of fragile and rare biological samples.
Chemosensitivity of solid tumor cells in vitro is related to activation of the CD95 system

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have identified the CD95 system as a key mediator of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in leukemia and neuroblastoma cells. Here, we report that sensitivity of various solid tumor cell lines for drug-induced cell death corresponds to activation of the CD95 system. Upon drug treatment, strong induction of CD95 ligand (CD95-L) and caspase activity were found in chemosensitive tumor cells (Hodgkin, Ewing's sarcoma, colon carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma) but not in tumor cells which responded poorly to drug treatment (breast carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma). Blockade of CD95 using F(ab′)2 anti-CD95 antibody fragments markedly reduced drug-induced apoptosis, suggesting that drug-triggered apoptosis depended on CD95-L/receptor interaction. Moreover, drug treatment induced CD95 expression, thereby increasing sensitivity for CD95-induced apoptosis. Drug-induced apoptosis critically depended on activation of caspases (ICE/Ced-3-like proteases) since the broad-spectrum inhibitor of caspases zVAD-fmk strongly reduced drug-mediated apoptosis. The prototype substrate of caspases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, was cleaved upon drug treatment, suggesting that CD95-L triggered autocrine/paracrine death via activation of caspases. Our data suggest that chemosensitivity of solid tumor cells depends on intact apoptosis pathways involving activation of the CD95 system and processing of caspases. Our findings may have important implications for new treatment approaches to increase sensitivity and to overcome resistance of solid tumors. Int. J. Cancer 76:105–114, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The productive restructuration, the strategies of psycho-political control and their impact in the scholar practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to contribute to a reflection on the impact of productive restructuring in school practice, the functioning of pedagogical teams and the goals established by the school. Objective is, thereafter, to examine the political effects, cognitive and affective professionals involved in education (directors, teachers, psychologists, counselors, technicians, among others). It starts with the premise that the loss of identity and any kind of political references in the cognitive-affective labor is, in large part the consequence of an unjust society, a socioeconomic model explorer and governments had other priorities.
Reverse Protonation Is the Key to General Acid−Base Catalysis in Enolase,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pH dependence of enolase catalysis was studied to understand how enolase is able to utilize both general acid and general base catalysis in each direction of the reaction at near-neutral pHs. Wild-type enolase from yeast was assayed in the dehydration reaction (2-phospho-D-glycerate --> phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O) at different pHs. E211Q, a site-specific variant of enolase that catalyzes the exchange of the alpha-proton of 2-phospho-D-glycerate but not the complete dehydration, was assayed in a (1)H/(2)H exchange reaction at different pDs. Additionally, crystal structures of E211Q and E168Q were obtained at 2.0 and 1.8 A resolution, respectively. Analysis of the pH profile of k(cat)/K(Mg) for wild-type enolase yielded macroscopic pK(a) estimates of 7.4 +/- 0.3 and 9.0 +/- 0.3, while the results of the pD profile of the exchange reaction of E211Q led to a pK(a) estimate of 9.5 +/- 0.1. These values permit estimates of the four microscopic pK(a)s that describe the four relevant protonation states of the acid/base catalytic groups in the active site. The analysis indicates that the dehydration reaction is catalyzed by a small fraction of enzyme that is reverse-protonated (i.e., Lys345-NH(2), Glu211-COOH), whereas the hydration reaction is catalyzed by a larger fraction of the enzyme that is typically protonated (i.e., Lys345-NH(3)(+), Glu211-COO(-)). These two forms of the enzyme coexist in a constant, pH-independent ratio. The structures of E211Q and E168Q both show virtually identical folds and active-site architectures (as compared to wild-type enolase) and thus provide additional support to the conclusions reported herein. Other enzymes that require both general acid and general base catalysis likely require reverse protonation of catalytic groups in one direction of the reaction.
Effective model for studying optical properties of lead-halide perovskites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We use general symmetry-based arguments to construct an effective model suitable for studying optical properties of lead-halide perovskites. To build the model, we identify an atomic-level interaction between electromagnetic fields and the spin degree of freedom that should be added to a minimally-coupled $\mathbf{k\cdot p}$ Hamiltonian. As a first application, we study two basic optical characteristics of the material: the Verdet constant and the refractive index. Beyond these linear characteristics of the material the model is suitable for calculating non-linear effects such as the third-order optical susceptibility. Analysis of this quantity shows that the geometrical properties of the spin-electric term imply isotropic optical response of the system, and that optical anisotropy of lead-halide perovskites is a manifestation of hopping of charge carriers. To illustrate this, we discuss third-harmonic generation.
Abstract: Tectonic significance of the Late Ordovician McGillivray Brook Formation, northern Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ordovician rocks of the Avalon terrane were deposited during a crucial interval during the formation of the Appalachian orogen. Continental reconstructions indicate that Avalonia was a microcontinent during most of the Ordovician, having separated from the northern Gondwana by the Early Ordovician during the formation of the Rheic Ocean. Avalonia’s time as a microcontinent was terminated by its collision with Baltica in the Early Silurian and with Laurentia by the end of the Silurian. Until recently, volcanic rocks (Dunn Point and McGillivray Brook formations) immediately underlying the Early SilurianEarly Devonian Arisaig Group were thought to represent crustal extension that heralded the development of the basin into which the siliciclastic strata of the Arisaig Group were deposited. However, recent U-Pb (zircon, TIMS) data from rhyolite in the Dunn Point Formation yielded an age of 460.0 ± 3.4 Ma (Hamilton and Murphy, 2004) and here we report a concordant age of 454.5 ± 0.7 Ma for an ignimbrite in the overlying McGillivray Brook Formation. These data confirm a ca. 10 million year age gap between volcanism and onset of Arisaig Group deposition which occurred after accretion of Avalonia to Baltica. McGillivray Brook Formation felsic rocks resemble A-type SiO2-rich magmas, and have very high concentrations of Zr (745 to 1965 ppm), Y (65 to 213 ppm), Nb (57 to 185 ppm), and high Ga/Al ratio. They were probably erupted in a local extensional environment. Regional considerations, however, suggest that this extensional environment occurred within an ensialic arc, analogous to the modern Taupo Volcanic Zone in northern New Zealand.
Unpaired Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Image Super-Resolution via Frequency-Aware Inverse-Consistency GAN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images, a limited scanning rate leads to a trade-off between field-of-view (FOV) and imaging resolution. Although larger FOV images may reveal more parafoveal vascular lesions, their application is greatly hampered due to lower resolution. To increase the resolution, previous works only achieved satisfactory performance by using paired data for training, but real-world applications are limited by the challenge of collecting large-scale paired images. Thus, an unpaired approach is highly demanded. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has been commonly used in the unpaired setting, but it may struggle to accurately preserve fine-grained capillary details, which are critical biomarkers for OCTA. In this paper, our approach aspires to preserve these details by leveraging the frequency information, which represents details as high-frequencies ($\textbf{hf}$) and coarse-grained backgrounds as low-frequencies ($\textbf{lf}$). In general, we propose a GAN-based unpaired super-resolution method for OCTA images and exceptionally emphasize $\textbf{hf}$ fine capillaries through a dual-path generator. To facilitate a precise spectrum of the reconstructed image, we also propose a frequency-aware adversarial loss for the discriminator and introduce a frequency-aware focal consistency loss for end-to-end optimization. Experiments show that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art unpaired methods both quantitatively and visually.
Experimental Methods Used in GR Studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this chapter we present an overview of experimental techniques used to excite GRs built on the ground state. GRs can be excited through the strong (nuclear) and electromagnetic interactions. In principle, it should also be possible to excite them through the weak interaction but because of the small cross sections involved these interactions have never been used to study GRs. As is already clear from the discussion in Chapter 1, there are many different types of resonances: the major excitation modes have been illustrated in Fig. 1.3. Since the strength distributions of many of these modes overlap in excitation energy one should use a probe which is as much as possible selective for the mode one wants to study. In the inelastic scattering of charged hadrons, i.e. protons, a-particles and heavy ions, both nuclear and electromagnetic interactions contribute, but for the lighter projectiles the nuclear interaction dominates.
Conceptualising and measuring mental fitness: A Delphi study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite the increased use of the term mental fitness in the popular and psychological literature, there is little consensus in relation to theory, definition and measurement.The concept of mental fitness could be used to parsimoniously engage, educate and promote proactive, positive mental health activities to the wider community, without stigma and within a language that is easily understood.This Delphi study engaged an international expert panel (n = 25) to evaluate a definition and four guiding principles of mental fitness.Expert consensus was achieved supporting the definition and four guiding principles with suggested modifications.The final definition of mental fitness is "the modifiable capacity to utilise resources and skills to flexibly adapt to challenges or advantages, enabling thriving".The final four guiding principles are (1) fitness is a positive term without connotations of illness implied by mental health or mental illness; (b) mental fitness could be understood by the wider community in a similar way to physical fitness; (c) mental fitness is measurable; and (d) mental fitness can be improved, in a similar way to physical fitness.The panel also offered valuable recommendations for future research and practice.
The Quiet-Tiem Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Electrons of Energies Between 10 and 200 MeV Observed on OGO-5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (27) References (21) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Quiet-Tiem Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Electrons of Energies Between 10 and 200 MeV Observed on OGO-5 L'Heureux, Jacques ; Fan, C. Y. ; Meyer, Peter Abstract Spectra of cosmic-ray electrons of energies between 10 and 200 MeV were measured over a 1-year period starting 1968 March. The measurement was made with a detector system on board the OGO-S satellite. The instrument consists of a solid-state dE/dx detector, a total-energy CsI detector, a gas Cerenkov threshold detector, and two scintillation guard counters. Time periods during which no solarflare events were recorded were selected for the study. It was found that during these quiet periods there were numerous intensity variations of the electron flux. These variations, which are seen only below 25 MeV, do not show marked correlation with any solar or interplanetary-medium parameters. The flux of the electrons of energies above 25 MeV, on the other hand, showed a gradual decrease over the 1-year period, paralleling the neutron monitor intensity. The parameter describing this long-term modulation is almost independent of the rigidity of the electrons in the reported energy range. The physical implication of the finding is discussed. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: February 1972 DOI: 10.1086/151287 Bibcode: 1972ApJ...171..363L full text sources ADS |
Multiple meningiomas induced by cranial irradiation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of radiation in the induction of central nervous system tumours has repeatedly been documented. Meningiomas induced by low doses of cranial irradiation have been described in many series of cases, but meningiomas induced by high doses of irradiation have still been reported in a limited number of cases. We report the case of a 25-year-old man who presented multiple meningiomas and who had received therapeutic dose of irradiation for a 4th ventricle ependymoma when he was 8 years old.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Azadirachta Indica and antibacterial activities against foot borne and contaminated bacteria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Wound and food borne causes an increasing burden to healthcare systems as the availability of drugs capable of stimulating the process of wound repair is still limited in order to treat the patient. In addition, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria is widely recognized and poses a continuing burden to healthcare. Therefore, the need of novel antibiotics for effective treatment for wound infection is necessary in order to eliminate the threat of the infections. Objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of medicinal plant, Azadirachta indica or its local name ‘neem’, on some selected infectious bacterias. Methanolic Azadirachta Indica extract was used to test on the bacteria at five different concentrations. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were used in this study. Zone of inhibition have been shown to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli and were considered significant. This study showed that methanolic Azadirachta Indica extract possess antimicrobial activity and further studies need to be done in order to exploit the bioactive compounds of Azadirachta Indica in order to reveal its potential as a new source of antibacterial agent.
Oxalate urinary calculi in beef steers

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Hereford × Angus steers (10/treatment) were fed 90% concentrate diets containing 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, or 1.2% of calcium for 92 days (trial 1) or 114 days (trial 2). Ground limestone was the supplemental calcium source. At slaughter, 12 of 20 steers fed 0.3% calcium had calculi in the urinary bladder or kidneys, compared with 5 of 20 fed 0.6% calcium, 5 of 20 fed 0.9% calcium, and 4 of 20 fed 1.2% calcium. Analyses of calculi indicated they were oxalate calculi. During the first 49 days of trial 2, plasma hydroxyproline concentrations were higher ( P < 0.10) for steers fed 0.3% calcium than for steers fed higher calcium concentrations. Increased bone resorption in steers fed concentrations of 0.3% calcium, resulting in increased plasma hydroxyproline, an oxalate precursor, was indicated as a source of oxalate in calculi and as an explanation of lower occurrence of calculi in steers fed higher concentrations of calcium.