jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ADVANCES IN LIFE SCIENCES AND HEALTH Double Aortic Arch Repair: An Interesting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The term “VASCULAR RINGS ” refers to any vascular anomaly causing tracheoesophageal compression. Double aortic arch is the most common of the complete vascular rings, causing tracheo-esophageal compression. We present this rare case report of a double aortic arch with dominant right aortic arch, presenting with extrinsic trachea-bronchial obstruction A 11-month-old female child was referred to our institution with stridor since 1 month of age and recurrent respiratory infection. Chest x-ray showed no obvious indentation of the tracheal shadow. Echocardiographic evaluation showed double aortic arch with dominant right arch and right descending aorta, causing vascular ring and tracheal obstruction. Patient was further evaluated with cardiac catheterization and angiography which revealed double aortic arch. The patient underwent division of the left aortic arch through a left postero-lateral thoracotomy approach. The left aortic arch was divided at its junction with the descending aorta and the cut edges were oversewn. In summary, vascular rings, more commonly the double aortic arch, are an important cause of tracheo-esophageal compression, the clinical suspicion and diagnosis of which can lead to early surgical intervention and relief. Keywords: Vascular Rings; Double Aortic Arch; Thoracotomy
A study on fractal simulation of forest fire spread

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Combustible materials, such as their surface area, have not featured scale, yet the process of forest fire spread contains the self-replicating feature, which both contribute to the self-similarity of fire spread. Consequently, fire behaviors can be described by fractal geometry. In this research, we select Wuchagou forest in Daxinanlin Mountain as the experimental site where a forest fire took place several years ago. The forest fire was detected on low-resolution NOAA-AVHRR images, and fire spread was simulated on high-resolution TM images as another attempt at the mergence of information. Based on remote sensing and GIS, we adopted the method of limited spreading lumping (DLA), which describes growing phenomenon to simulate the dynamic process of fire spread, adjusting the shape of the result of fire simulation by the scale rule. As a result, the simulated fire and the actual fire manifest the self-similarity in their spreading shapes as well as the quantitative similarity in their areas.
Role of Survivin‐ exon3 in angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complexities of the Survivin family of proteins has greatly increased since the identification of alternative splice variants generated from the genomic locus that possess distinct functions from those originally identified for the main Survivin isoform. Previous studies on the functions of Survivin splice variants have been performed almost exclusively within cancer cells, however Survivin has increasingly been implicated in other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including angiogenesis. In this study we dissect the involvement of the Survivin family of proteins in the mediation of angiogenesis. We show by confocal microscopy that a pool of endothelial Survivin-Δexon3 is localized to membrane ruffles. We also demonstrate that Survivin-Δexon3 is the Survivin splice variant responsible for modulation of angiogenesis in vitro in tube formation assays and in vivo by direct in vivo angiogenesis assay. Our data indicate that Survivin-Δexon3 may regulate angiogenesis via several mechanisms including cell invasion, migration and Rac activation. Our findings identify a novel pathway regulating angiogenesis through Survivin-Δexon3 and a novel mechanism for Rac activation during angiogenesis. In conclusion, our results provide new insight into the regulation of endothelial cell homeostasis and angiogenesis by the Survivin family.
Photosynthesis and growth of young “Niágara Branca” vines (

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

\nThe objective of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic response and growth of young grape “Niagara Branca” vines grown in soil with high content of Cu and liming. The experiment was conducted in controlled environment with soil subjected to three levels of liming, with 0, 1.5 and 3.0 Mg ha−1 of lime. The effect of additional 50 mg kg−1 Cu in half of soil treatments was evaluated. The CO2 measurements, assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were carried out in the tenth cultivation week using the IRGA equipment (Infrared Gaz Analyzer). Plant height, fresh weight and dry weight, concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids were measured. For most variables, the Cu had damaging effect on 0 and 1.5 Mg ha−1 liming treatments however, there was no significant damage in the 3.0 Mg ha−1 treatment. Rates of CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were increased with the addition of 50 mg kg−1 Cu. Liming to raise the pH of the soil is an effective practice to reduce the effects of Cu toxicity in young “Niagara Branca” grape vines.\n
Solvent-free simulations of fluid membrane bilayers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A molecular level model for lipid bilayers is presented. Lipids are represented by rigid, asymmetric, soft spherocylinders in implicit solvent. A simple three parameter potential between pairs of lipids gives rise to a rich assortment of phases including (but not limited to) micelles, fluid bilayers, and gel-like bilayers. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to verify self-assembly, characterize the phases corresponding to different potential parametrizations, and to quantify the physical properties associated with those parameter sets corresponding to fluid bilayer behavior. The studied fluid bilayers have compressibility moduli in agreement with experimental systems, but display bending moduli at least three times larger than typical biological membranes without cholesterol.
Dynamic Equicorrelation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A new covariance matrix estimator is proposed under the assumption that at every time period all pairwise correlations are equal. This assumption, which is pragmatically applied in various areas of finance, makes it possible to estimate arbitrarily large covariance matrices with ease. The model, called DECO, involves first adjusting for individual volatilities and then estimating correlations. A quasi-maximum likelihood result shows that DECO provides consistent parameter estimates even when the equicorrelation assumption is violated. We demonstrate how to generalize DECO to block equicorrelation structures. DECO estimates for U.S. stock return data show that (block) equicorrelated models can provide a better fit of the data than DCC. Using out-of-sample forecasts, DECO and Block DECO are shown to improve portfolio selection compared to an unrestricted dynamic correlation structure.
Pandemic, paternalism, and the (im)possibilities of citizenship in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract How did Chinese citizens imagine their political subjectivity under the zero‐COVID regime? Our patchwork netnography of social media discussions (2020–22) analyzes how China's pandemic governance generalized and intensified “biopolitical paternalism”—a mode of rule that fused security, care, and economic rationality under the figure of a protective state. Our discursive, dynamic, and diachronic approach traces how people engaged in scalar inquiries about responsibility and community, alternately embracing, enforcing, and critiquing state power while internalizing and interrogating its neoliberal logic. As the implicit social contract—trading compliance for protection—began to fray, citizens envisioned a national community of shared suffering and challenged the regime's necropolitics. These struggles reveal how biopolitical paternalism shapes citizenship imaginaries in contested, uneven ways, with implications beyond China's pandemic moment.
Defining Usefulness and Facilitating Access Based on Research Applications

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper defines and conceptualizes the usefulness subject type, and describes means for libraries to enable discovery of resources based on user applications. Subject analysis of usefulness directly relates library resources to user needs. Cataloguing usefulness can be achieved through a combination of abstracting and indexing techniques, including cataloguer- and user-supplied metadata with specialized encoding. Accessing usefulness can be achieved through a combination of data analysis and discovery interface design.
Study the effect of integrated nutrient management on vegetative growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) L

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation entitled “Study the effect of integrated nutrient management on vegetative growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) “ was conducted during the period from October 2016 to March 2017 at the Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal, Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture Mandsaur, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior (M.P.) The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Fenugreek cultivar AFG-3 was used for the experiment. Twelve treatments consisting of integrated nutrient management with organic, inorganic and biofertilizers along with control. The observations on different growth and yield parameters were recorded and the results obtained are summarized below. On the basis of one year research trial it could be concluded that the treatment (T11) i.e. 50% RDF + Neem cake @ 1 ton ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB was best at all the stages of growth parameters like plant height 30, 60 and 90 das (cm), number of primary branches per plant at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, number of secondary branches per plant at 60 and 90 DAS, length of internode, days to 50% flowering, fresh and dry weight of the plants and yield parameters like days to first pod formation, days to 50% pod formation, number of pods per plant, weight of pod, pod length at number of seeds per pod, weight of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield (q ha-1), harvest index and days taken to maturity showed better performance from other treatments of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers applications.
The Desirable Things of Ogoniok: The Material Face of a Soviet Illustrated Magazine from Stalin to Brezhnev

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the popular Soviet illustrated magazine Ogoniok as a site that provoked, negotiated, and exposed consumer desire in post-World War II USSR. It argues that Ogoniok was an important medium that produced and reflected cultural fantasies of material possessions in Soviet society. The article identifies and describes changes in the principles of visual representation of material objects in the magazine, and interprets them as an evidence of changes in the social form of the Soviet commodity. Finally, it analyzes the visual form of Soviet commodity and aims to understand the social relations that encapsulated Soviet commodity-value.
Effects of operating parameters on the absorption of carbon dioxide in ammonia solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study aims at the effects of operating parameters on the absorption of carbon dioxide from flue gases by ammonia scrubbing to reduce the greenhouse effect. Studies of process control were performed under inlet carbon dioxide concentrations of 8--16% (v/v), gas flow rates of 2--10 lpm, ammonia solution concentrations of 7--35% (w/w), and reaction temperatures of 25--35. The results indicated that NH{sub 3} solution concentration and the reaction temperature have significant effects on the CO{sub 2} removal efficiency and the absorption capacity, whereas the inlet CO{sub 2} concentration has only slight effects on its removal efficiency and absorption capacity. Similar tests were also done for CO{sub 2} removal by monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. Under the same operating conditions, the removal efficiencies of carbon dioxide by ammonia scrubbing ({approximately} 98%) are higher than those by MEA scrubbing ({approximately} 80%). The absorption capacities of ammonia scrubbing (0.70 to 1.40 kg-CO{sub 2}/kg-NH{sub 2}) are also better than those of MEA scrubbing (0.20 to 0.40 kg-CO{sub 2}/kg-MEA). In view of these results, it can be concluded that ammonia scrubbing is an effective treatment process for the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases.
Boat Tracking, Weather Monitoring and Ocean Cleaning System Based on IoT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sea cleaning is challenging these days, so humans invented a method to organically clean the sea or any other bodies of water utilising smart technology with the aid of hub MCU and Internet of Things (IoT) stage. This paper suggests developing a system that uses both a tracking unit and a monitoring unit independently to clear ocean garbage easily, monitor the weather, and detect border crossings. An Arduino Uno (microcontroller) with an ATmega328p chip is used to collect and change sensor data. The IR sensor and DHY11 sensor are the sensors used in the microcontroller. A NEO-6M GPS receiver module and Bluetooth module are used to locate the boat. The Global Positioning System (GPS) location is collected and uploaded to the IoT cloud via a wifi module. The system’s microprocessor instructs the buzzer to sound. In order to communicate with the base station, which keeps tabs on the boats at sea, it also uses a message transmitter. The suggested system alerts both the coast guards and fishermen.
Utilizing circulating tumor DNA methylation levels to predict pathological and radiological response in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing neoadjuvant and systemic therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e16323 Background: Systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) faces several challenges, including tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Previous studies have indicated that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may offer valuable insights for predicting the efficacy of systemic therapy in various cancers. Nevertheless, the majority of these studies are predominantly based on mutation detection. Recently, the ctDNA methylation detection has been used for real-time monitoring of tumor dynamic changes and assessment of treatment response. However, its applicability in HCC remains unclear. Methods: For HCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI] based), we collected paired plasma samples (n = 54) at baseline (Tb) and prior to surgery (Ts). Serial plasma samples (n = 28) were obtained from HCC patients receiving systemic therapy (ICI based) at baseline (C1) and 3 (C2), 6 (C3), and 9 (C4) weeks following treatment initiation. All samples were tested using the GutSeer panel and the cancer-specific methylation score (CSMS) were calculated. The ctDNA methylation response (CMR) was defined as the difference of CSMS between Tb and Ts greater than 0.01. The concordance between CMR and pathological response (major pathological response [MPR], ≤50% residual viable tumor) and radiological response (assessed by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) was evaluated. Results: We enrolled 27 HCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. All patients completed at least two courses of ICI and the median treatment-to-surgery interval was 1.7 months. The difference of CSMS (Tb-Ts) was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of residual viable tumor (R = -0.7, P < 0.001). Among them, 17 patients (63.0%) achieved CMR, of whom 15 (88.2%) were assessed as MPR. In contrast, only 2 (20%) MPR were observed among the remaining 10 patients without CMR. The area under the curve and accuracy of the predictive model based on CSMS were 85.9% and 85.2%, respectively. Additionally, we included 7 HCC patients receiving systemic therapy. Among them, 2 were assessed as partial response with one patient demonstrating a significant reduction in CSMS (~20% decrease from C1 to C4) in advance. As for the 5 patients classified as stable disease or progressive disease, 4 exhibited an early increase in CSMS, including one patient with a rise of ~80% (from C1 to C4). Conclusions: Our study found that ctDNA methylation detection is a promising indicator for monitoring tumor dynamic changes, enabling the prediction of pathological and radiological response in HCC patients during treatment. These discoveries pave the way for the development of effective efficacy surveillance strategies, thereby facilitating individualized management and enhancing the precision of medical interventions.
Added Breathing Resistance during Exercise Impairs Pulmonary Ventilation and Exaggerates Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia Leading to Impaired Aerobic Exercise Performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Protective masks impose variable breathing resistance (BR) on the wearer and may adversely affect exercise performance, yet existing literature shows inconsistent results under different types of masks and metabolic demands. The present study was undertaken to determine whether added BR impairs cardiopulmonary function and aerobic performance during exercise. Sixteen young healthy men completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer under the four conditions of BR using a customized breathing resistor at no breathing resistance (CON), 18.9 (BR1), 22.2 (BR2), and 29.9 Pa (BR3). The results showed that BR significantly elevates respiratory pressure (p < 0.001) and impairs ventilatory response to graded exercise (reduced VE; p < 0.001) at a greater degree with an increased level of BR which caused mild to moderate exercise-induced hypoxemia (final mean SpO2: CON = 95.6%, BR1 = 94.4%, BR2 = 91.6%, and BR3 = 90.6%; p < 0.001). Especially, such a marked reduction in SpO2 was significantly correlated with maximal oxygen consumption at the volitional fatigue (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) together with exaggerated exertion and breathing discomfort (p < 0.001). In conclusion, added BR commonly experienced when wearing tight-fitting facemasks and/or respirators could significantly impair cardiopulmonary function and aerobic performance at a greater degree with an increasing level of BR.
Growth hormone: secretion and administration in catabolic adult patients, with emphasis on the critically ill patient.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Critical illness, surgery and hypocaloric feeding are accompanied by a high rate of total body nitrogen loss. Loss of body protein, occurring despite adequate nutrition, results in increased incidence of infection, poor wound healing, skeletal muscle weakness and increased mortality. Growth hormone (GH) administration together with nutritional support attenuates protein catabolism. This review focuses on normal GH physiology and the administration of GH in adult catabolic patients.
Effect of Combined Application Phosphorus and Zinc on Nutrient Uptake of Rape and the Content of Available Phosphorus and Zinc in Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient uptake of rape and the content of available phosphorus and zinc in soil under combined application phosphorus and zinc fertilizer.Based on the pot experiment,the nutrient concentration of plant and soil were measured.In addition,attributes of all results were recorded for dataset analyzing.The results showed that application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the biomass of rape,while there was no yield response when excessive phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer were applied.The total P in rape shoot and root were increased gradually with the increase of phosphate fertilizer rate,while the total P both in shoot and root were not changed with the application of zinc.The zinc concentrations in rape shoot and root were deceased with the increasing application rate of phosphate fertilizer,while they were increased with the application of zinc.The soil available zinc concentration was gradually increased with the application of zinc,while it had no significant effect with the application of phosphate fertilizer.The soil Olsen-P concentration was gradually increased with the application of phosphate fertilizer,while it had no significant effect with the application of zinc.The alkaline,acid,neuter phosphatase activities in the soil were all deceased with the increasing application rate of phosphate fertilizer.The alkaline,acid phosphatase activities in the soil were increased first and then decreased with the increasing application of zinc.The neuter phosphatase activities in the soil was increased with the application of zinc comparing with the no zinc treatment,and it had no significant effect with the increasing application of zinc.Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer could reduce the zinc concentration.With the application of zinc,the soil available zinc concentration was increased.Therefore,the zinc nutritional condition of the plant was improved.
CT-Detected Arterial Calcification and Ischemic Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Calculi: A Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Zhan Qu,1,* Wenbo Yang,2,3,* Shijun Liu,2,3 Mingqing Wang,1 An Zheng,1 Caipeng Qin,2,3 Yiqing Du,2,3 Xiaodong Zhu,1 Tao Xu2,3 1Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital (State Grid Corporation of China Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing, 100073, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China; 3The Institute of Applied Lithotripsy Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tao Xu, Email xutao@pkuph.edu.cn Xiaodong Zhu, Email atlanda@163.comObjective: Arterial calcification (AC) is frequently observed in computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with upper urinary tract calculi (UUTC). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AC detected by CT in UUTC patients and the risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD).Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, clinical data of 596 patients were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) of L1 vertebra and calcification of major/medium arteries were analyzed. Differences in clinical data, CT images and 10-year ICVD risk scores were compared between groups. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for AC in UUTC patients. A scoring system to assess concurrent AC risk in UUTC patients was developed and validated.Results: A total of 396 UUTC patients and 200 controls were included. AC prevalence was higher in UUTC group (71.7% vs 63.5%, P = 0.041), remained valid after controlling for specific confounding factors. UUTC patients exhibited lower BMD of L1 vertebra. Their 10-year ICVD risk scores were elevated (male: OR = 2.450, 95% CI = 1.262– 4.758, P = 0.007; female: OR = 4.340, 95% CI = 2.203– 8.550, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed L1 vertebra BMD < 160 Hounsfield units (OR = 3.660, 95% CI = 2.107– 6.358, P < 0.001) as an independent AC risk factor. The presence of AC was associated with a 13.7-fold increased odds of high-risk group classification (OR = 13.689, 95% CI = 8.021– 23.346, P < 0.001).Conclusion: AC and the risk of ICVD are associated with UUTC. Our study establishes an innovative integration of UUTC with CT-based AC assessment and ICVD risk stratification, highlighting the need for cardiovascular surveillance in UUTC-affected individuals.Keywords: upper urinary tract calculi, arterial calcification, ischemic cardiovascular diseases, computed tomography, bone mineral density