jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Raat Ki Rani : nightclubs, vamps and urban transgressive spaces in Hindi cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper considers how city spaces in Hindi cinema have repeatedly been viewed as sites of transgressive sexual experience, particularly via representations of female sexuality in nightclubs and the flagrant performances of the women or &lsquo;vamps&rsquo; that inhabit them. Emerging in Hindi cinema in the 1950s, and becoming a staple in films of the 1960s and 1970s, the &lsquo;vamp&rsquo; became synonymous with unrestrained sexuality and the immorality of the city. The dichotomy between the idealised, bucolic, timeless village and the city as an icon of degenerate modernity was repeatedly seen in Hindi cinema, and the strongest signifier of this urban immorality was the &lsquo;vamp&rsquo; who was seen as an outsider, and connoted urban vice, excess and desire.&nbsp;By and large the actresses that played &lsquo;vamps&rsquo; (such as the blonde haired and blue eyed Helen) were of &lsquo;Western&rsquo; appearance. The cabaret and nightclub were thus seen as being &lsquo;Western&rsquo; in origin. This paper discusses how this was perhaps a response to colonial and Orientalist stereotyping, where the &lsquo;Indian&rsquo; woman and the &lsquo;Western&rsquo; woman operated as binary oppositional structures. Such oppositions were clearly present in nightclub dance performances, which were full of meaning to the cinematic audience, who would be able to &lsquo;read&rsquo; the seductive, gyrating and explicit movements. This paper decodes examples of the movements in these &lsquo;decadent&rsquo; performances, as it was through these movements and performances that the &lsquo;westernised vamp&rsquo; became firmly located in urban transgressive spaces, closely tied with national anxiety about the depravity of city spaces. <br />\n\t\t\t\t
Organizational Divergence in the Meat Industry: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Chile.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study compares the beef, pork and poultry sectors of the United States and Chile to identify similarities and differences in patterns of industrial organization (concentration and mechanisms of vertical integration). The principal determinants of organizational structures are discussed. The similarities found in the sectors of both countries can be explained in terms of market imperfections, production technology, transaction costs and principal-agent theory. Nevertheless, important differences exist between the two countries, especially with respect to mechanisms of vertical control. To explain these differences it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of each country’s economic and institutional environments, factors that to date have been infrequently examined in the literature relevant to the sectors. Este estudio compara la organizacion industrial de los sectores productores de vacunos, cerdos y aves de los Estados Unidos y Chile, con objeto de identificar similitudes y diferencias en los patrones de organizacion industrial (concentracion y mecanismos de coordinacion vertical). Luego, se discuten los principales determinantes de dicha organizacion. Las similitudes encontradas entre los paises y sectores considerados pueden ser explicadas a traves de conceptos y modelos tales como imperfecciones de mercado, tecnologias de produccion, costos de transaccion y teoria de agencia. Sin embargo, existen importantes diferencias en la organizacion de las industrias de Chile y Estados Unidos, especialmente respecto a los mecanismos de coordinacion vertical. Para explicar estas diferencias es necesario considerar las particularidades en el ambiente economico e institucional, variables que hasta la fecha han sido escasamente consideradas por la literatura especializada.
Comparative analysis of interest rate term structures in the Solvency II environment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose Solvency-II is the current regulatory framework of insurance companies in the European Union. Under this standard, European Insurance and Occupational Pension Authority (EIOPA), as a regulatory board, has established that the Smith–Wilson (SW) model can be used as the model to estimate interest rate curve. This paper aims to analyze whether this model adjusts to the market curve better than Nelson–Siegel (NS) and whether the values set for the parameters are adequate. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study analyzes whether the SW interest rate curve shows lower root mean squared errors than the NS curve for a sample of daily prices of Spanish Government bonds between 2014 and 2019. Findings The results indicate that NS adjusts the market data better, the parameters recommended by the EIOPA correspond to the maximum values observed in the sample period and the current recommended curve for insurance companies underestimates company operations. Originality/value This paper verifies that the criterion of the last liquid point does not allow for selecting an optimal sample to adjust the curve and criteria based on prices without arbitrage opportunities are more appropriate.
The role of Toll-like receptors-4 in the pathogenesis of development of anemia of inflammation in young children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. To determine the pathogenetic role of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLRs-4) in the development of anemia of inflammation (AI). Materials and methods. The content of TLRs-4, ferritin and iron in blood serum of 78 children (1.5 ± 0.4 years old on the average) was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The main group included 46 children with acute inflammatory bacterial diseases of the respiratory system, which were divided into 2 subgroups: the first subgroup included 24 children with AI, the second – 22 children without anemia. Depending on the etiological factor, the main group was divided into subgroups: 1a – 12 patients with AI, Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected as the pathogen, 1b – 12 patients with AI, the pathogen – Haemophilus influenzae, 2a – 11 patients without AI, the pathogen – Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2b – 11 patients without AI, the pathogen – Haemophilus influenzae. The comparison group included 16 children with iron deficiency anemia without inflammatory manifestations. Control group included 16 conditionally healthy children. The observation groups were representative by age and sex of the children. Results. It was determined that the content of TLRs-4 in children in the main group depended on the bacterial pathogen. The content of TLRs-4 in the subgroup where Haemophilus influenzae was the etiological factor exceeded more than 2 times the results of the control group (P < 0.05), 1.7 times the comparison group, and 2 times relative to their content in the group, where the disease was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.05). There was a close correlation between the content of TLRs-4 in the group of patients whose disease was caused by gram-negative flora and the content of ferritin (r = 0.8, P < 0.05). The iron in the blood serum of children with anemia of inflammation was significantly lower than in the comparison and control groups by 1.6 times (8.78 (6.8215.30) ng/ml and 13.88 (12.74–16.52) ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions. The development of AI in young children is accompanied by an increase in TLRs-4, primarily in response to the intrusion of gram-negative microflora (Haemophilus influenzae). The content of ferritin is directly dependent on their level, which suggests the starting role in the protective mechanism of iron sequestration, which is an important link in the pathogenesis of the development of AI.
Primary Power and Power Density Analysis.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This memorandum presents a simplified analysis of the active system power requirements for new submarine sonar. The analysis was performed in the new submarine sonar group for the purpose of indicating approximate primary power and transducer design requirements. The primary power and the power density required to produce a specific source level are functions of the geometry of the array, the efficiency of power conversion and the characteristic impedance of the water. The efficiency of power conversion is the product of efficiencies of the transducer and the power amplifier. The effect of the ordinary variation in the impedance of the ocean is insignificant.
Romantizmas ir krikščioniškoji Vakarų kultūros tradicija

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article clarifies the notion of unity seen in the history of Western (Christian) culture; the notion is implied in investigations made by Rene Burke, Aidan Day, George Steiner. According to these scholars, the only cultural break that can be clearly seen in Western culture took place at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries, when egocentric and nihilistic elements of the modern/postmodern conception of the world began to come into opposition with the Christian world-view. While considering the tension between traditional and “antitraditional” Western cultures, the article stresses the philosophical assumptions that undermine both cultures. The first signs of this cultural break can be seen in the period of Romanticism. Even though Romanticism is still strongly connected with the Western tradition, including its Christian aspect (the romanticists were strongly interested in the spiritual and the transcendental), the main aspects of Romanticism (egocentrism, homotheism, anticommunal tendencies) strongly oppose the tradition of Christian conception of the world. In the works of English, German, Polish, Russian Romanticists a double movement can be observed away from the traditional Christian philosophy and back towards it. Lithuanian Romanticism has hardly any such phenomena of double movement, it doesn’t quarrel with Christian thought. The article ends with the consideration of possible causes and consequences of this lack of opposition to the Christian world-view seen in Lithuanian Romanticism.
Are the promnestic effects of neurokinin 3 receptor mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis in a Aβ‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive dysfunction, memory loss and mood changes. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been suggested to play a role in learning and memory. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) has been shown to be prevalent in the hippocampus region. The aim of the project was to investigate the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the promnestic effects of NK3R agonist administration in an amyloid beta‐induced AD rat model. Wistar albino rats were divided into control, Alzheimer, NK3R agonist and Alzheimer + NK3R agonist groups. The open field (OF) test and Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed for locomotor activity and memory analysis. Peptide gene expression levels (Nestin, DCX, Neuritin, MASH1, Neun, BDNF) were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the OF test, the group–time relationship was found to be statistically different in the parameters of distance travelled and percentage of movement ( p < 0.05). In MWM, the time to reach the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were statistically significant between the groups ( p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in gene expression levels (Nestin, DCX, Neuritin, MASH1) in the hippocampal tissue of rats between the groups ( p < 0.05). NK3 receptor agonism favourably affected hippocampal neurogenesis in AD model rats. It was concluded that NK3 receptor agonism in the hippocampus, which is the first affected region in the physiopathology of AD, may be effective in both the formation of neural precursor cells and the reduction of neuronal degeneration. The positive effect of NK3R on cognitive functions may be mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis.
Imaging of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer using an 111In-labelled antitumour monoclonal antibody (791T/36)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The monoclonal antitumour antibody 791T/36, previously shown to localize in colorectal cancer when radiolabelled with 131I, has been successfully labelled with 111In. A preliminary evaluation of its imaging potential has been made in fourteen patients with primary and secondary colorectal cancer. Positive localization was achieved in tumour sites of all but one of the patients. The sites of uptake of the 111In-labelled antibody were more clearly defined than when using the same antibody labelled with 131I. The mean tumour to normal tissue uptake ratio per gram of tissue from four resected specimens was 2.8:1. Labelling of the antibody did not affect the tumour uptake of the antibody but facilitated interpretation directly from images without the need for background subtraction.
Hydration of LiOH and LiCl─Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The hydration behavior of LiOH, LiOH·H2O, and LiCl was observed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Anhydrous LiOH showed two absorption bands at 7340 and 7171 cm-1. These NIR bands were assigned to the first overtone of surface hydroxyls and interlayer hydroxyls of LiOH, respectively. LiOH·H2O showed two absorption bands at 7137 and 6970 cm-1. These NIR bands were assigned to the first overtone of interlayer hydroxyls and H2O molecules coordinated with Li+, respectively. The interlayer OH- and the coordinated H2O of LiOH·H2O were not modified even when the LiOH·H2O was exposed to air. In contrast, anhydrous LiOH was slowly hydrated for several hours, to form LiOH·H2O under ambient conditions (RH 60%). Kinetic analysis showed that the hydration of the interlayer OH- of LiOH proceeded as a second-order reaction, indicating the formation of intermediate species-[Li(H2O) x (OH)4]3- (x = 1 or 2). However, the hydration of the LiOH surface did not follow a second-order reaction because the chemisorption of H2O molecules onto the defect sites of the LiOH surface does not need to crossover the energy barrier. Furthermore, we succeeded in observing the hydration of deliquescent LiCl, including the formation of LiCl solution for several minutes by NIR spectroscopy.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 80777 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is one of (Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.)", "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Living Specimen, Machine Observation, Literature Occurrence)", "Geometry POLYGON((-180 -90,180 -90,180 90,-180 90,-180 -90))", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "Year is greater than or equal to 1945" ] } The dataset includes 80777 records from 1228 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005659-250310093411724/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Acting “Republican” under Augustus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A long-standing republican institution, the mint at Rome, had been inactive for two decades before Augustus revived it. The precious metal coinage it produced from 19 bce has been understood as a symbol of the tension between the ambition of individual Roman aristocrats and the ideological program of the Augustan principate. C. Antistius Vetus and C. Antistius Reginus are regarded as the last moneyers to pursue traditional strategies of gentilician promotion. Through an examination of their coin types, this chapter challenges scholarly views of the relationship between “republican” and “Augustan” image making. Rather than treating these modes as a binary, it considers the ways in which images of Augustus could serve “republican” ends and how aristocratic self-interest could give rise to “Augustan” images.
Innovation and Corporate Reputation Innovation and Corporate Reputation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As much as 75% of a company’s value derives from its intangible assets. One of the most important of these intangible assets is corporate reputation. The Britain’s Most Admired Company surveys into corporate reputation includes nine characteristics, one of these is a company’s ‘capacity to innovate’. Surveys between 1990 and 2009 show that a good reputation for innovation does not guarantee a good overall reputation; nor does a reputation for innovation lead to business success. However, where a company has a reputation for innovation and is able to manage other characteristics, there is a better chance that this company will develop its innovation capability into long-term competitive advantage and profitability. Central to this conclusion is converting innovation into enhanced processes, products or services through effective implementation. The research identifies key attributes of companies that combine a reputation for innovation, with a good corporate reputation overall and business success.
Menisciopsis boydiae S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm., comb. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

* Menisciopsis boydiae (D.C. Eaton) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm., comb. nov. — Aspidium boydiae D.C.Eaton,Bull.Torrey Bot. Club 6:361. 1879.— Christella boydiae (D.C. Eaton) Holttum — Cyclosorus boydiae (D.C. Eaton) W.H. Wagner — Thelypteris boydiae (D.C.Eaton) K. Iwats. (Fig. 5B).
Test plan for single well injection/extraction characterization of DNAPL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soils and groundwater beneath an abandoned Process sewer line in the A/M Area of the Savannah River Site (SRS) contain elevated levels of volatile organic compounds, specifically trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE), two common chlorinated solvents. These compounds have low aqueous solubilities, thus when released to the subsurface in sufficient quantity, tend to exist as immiscible fluids or nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Because chlorinated solvents are also denser than water, they are referred to by the acronym DNAPLS, or dense non aqueous Phase liquids. Technologies targeted at the efficient characterization or removal of DNAPL are not currently proven. For example, most DNAPL studies rely on traditional soil and water sampling and the fortuitous observation of immiscible solvent. Once DNAPL is identified, soil excavation (which is only applicable to small contained spill sites) is the only ``proven`` cleanup method. New cleanup approaches based on enhanced removal by surfactants and/or alcohols have been proposed and tested at the pilot scale. As described below, carefully designed experiments similar to the enhanced removal methods may provide important characterization information on DNAPLs.
Compulsory community service for doctors in South Africa--an evaluation of the first year.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

On 12 December 1997 the then State President, Mr Nelson Mandela, signed into law t.'le Health Professions Amendment Act, sealing the debates that had raged for some time over compulsory commtrnity service (CS) and postgraduate vocational training for medical graduates in South Africa. The first cohort of 26 doctors started their CS in July 1998, followed by a larger cohort of 1 088 in January 1999. This report presents an attempt to evaluate the effects and impact of this scheme at the end of the first year of full operation.
PERTUMBUHAN BURUNG PUYUH (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) UMUR 3 MINGGU DENGAN PERBEDAAN KEPADATAN DI DALAM KANDANG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of quail aged 3 weeks, based on different cage densities. Completely randomized design was used during the study, with the density of quails in cages were 11 (P1), 13 (P2), 16 (P3), and 20 (P4). The results showed that differences in quail density in cages affected (P0.05) body weight, consumption, and conversion of quail during rearing. the number of quail in the cage is 11 for a cage size of 35x30x40 cm. Body weight, consumption, and conversion of feed produced at 3 weeks of age were: 95.52 gr, 12.53 gr, 0.13
Treatment of Chronic Otorrhoea with Chloramphenicol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The common causes of persistent ear discharge are chronic otitis media, chronic otitis externa, and infection in the cavities made by tympano-mastoidectomies and fenestration operations.It is difficult to assess the proportion of the population suffering from running ears, but Formby (1942) reported that just over 2% of recruits examined during the 1939-45 war were rejected because of chronic ear diseases.Otorrhoea formed the bulk of the cases.Johnston (1948) found that of 1,902 factory employees 3.3 % had suppurating middle ears, and Asher- son (1950) states that 1 % of the school population of London in 1932 were treated for chronic otorrhoea.These figures apply to special sections of the population, but most otologists would agree that otorrhoea is equally common in many other groups as well.Chronic suppurative otitis media ranges from a rela- tively benign condition to a cause of death.In most cases it is painless and the otorrhoea may be intermittent, appearing only when an upper respiratory tract infection occurs.The effect on hearing is variable : the loss is often slight, and even when both ears are affected there may be no serious economic or social handicap.The deafness from bilateral ear discharge, however, may interfere considerably with the education of a child.It may be accepted that the longer the discharge persists the worse the hearing gets, and in some cases the deafness may become profound.This is especially so when nerve-deafness is added.Fortunately, bilateral cases of this kind are not common.Although a number of cases therefore suffer little more than the annoyance of running ears, the group as a whole are handicapped, and various occupations, such as nursing, the Post Office, the Services, the police, and food manu- facturing, may be closed to them.They may have sub- normal health, headaches, giddiness, and deafness; and the continual presence of pus, which is often offensive, is distressing.The pus may be a source of danger to others by acting as a reservoir for the spread of organ- isms such as Ps.pyocyanea.Another handicap is the amount of time that may have to be spent in treatment; in some cases it is a matter of years, and is only too often given up because of its tediousness and uncertainty.Long hours spent each week on treatment, if there is failure to cure the otorrhoea or if it recurs after the first cold, can hardly be justified in the simple cases of unilateral otorrhoea, in which the worst that can happen is a moderate degree of unilateral deafness and the annoyance of a persistent discharge.Present methods of treatment may be very effective, but the best results can be obtained only by regular treatment, preferably undertaken by trained staff.Recurrent attacks are frequent, each one demanding a repetition of the regime.There is a great need for a simple and effective remedy which would save the time ofthe patient and the hospital.