jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrator design for a differential analyser

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper sets out to examine various integration algorithms, suitable for implementation in the form of serial binary arithmetic, and concludes that only first-order integration is practicable at the present time and that only first-order prediction is necessary or desirable.An examination is made of the errors inherent in digitizing the main functions of the traditional analogue computer (integration, multiplication, division) and some conclusions reached about the feasibility of building a digital differential analyser given the current state of technology.
Male meiosis in structural heterozygotes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The incident of structural heterozygosity is presently noticed for the first time in 9 diploid species, namely, Artemisia annua (n=9), Datura stramonium (n=12), Dicliptera bupleuroides (n=13), Hemigraphis latebrosa (n=12), Leycesteria formosa (n=9), Salvia plebeia (n=8), Senecio nudicaulis (n=5), Sonchus brachyotus (n=9) and Verbena officinalis (n=6, 7). These are heterozygous for chromosomal alternation involving 4-6 chromosomes in reciprocal translocations. All the species show >80% pollen fertility thus indicated the possibility of multivalent formation with alternate disjunction. Almost all the species are involved in some sort of meiotic abnormalities during meiosis I and II. Key words: Multivalent, reciprocal translocations, structural heterozygosity, pollen fertility.
The RARE CASE OF RETROCAVAL URETER IN UROLOGY SERVICE OF ALIABAD TEACHING HOSPITAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Retrocaval ureter is an uncommon congenital abnormality in which the Inferior Vena Cava locates anterior to the ureter and causes its obstruction and hydronephrosis, as a result, and it is also considered one of the rare causes of hydronephrosis. The abnormality almost always occurs on the right because of the physiological position of the Inferior Vena Cava. It is a congenital abnormality, but the patients usually attend to the hospital due to hydronephrosis and right flank pain in the third and fourth decade of live. The abnormality needs surgical intervention and anastomosis of the ureter anterior to the Inferior Vena Cava.A 40-year-old woman complaining from right flank pain and occasional nausea, vomiting and dys-uria, was hospitalized in urology service of Aliabad Teaching Hospital on May 18, 2019. Renal ultraso-nography and Intravenous Urography showed moderate hydronephrosis on the right, which was mistak-enly diagnosed as uretero-pelvic junction obstruction. Consequently, after further exploration, retrocaval ureter was diagnosed and the retrocaval segment of the ureter was removed followed by end-to-end anastomosis of ureter on ureteral catheter.The case implies that, clinically, retrocaval ureter seldom causes pain in the right flank and/or hydro-nephrosis, which can be mistaken for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction in IVU.
Aromatic compound in different peach cultivars and effect of preservatives on the final aroma of cooked fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In our study, we were used four yellow-fleshed peach cultivars ?Royal Glory?, ?Redhaven", 'Maria Marta' and 'Norman', during two-year period. The characterization of aromatic constituents of investigated cultivars was done using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME). The intention was to make implicit discrimination between cultivars by analysis of components present in all cultivars during two-year period. Also, the impact of added preservatives (Na-benzoate and citric acid) on the final aroma of cooked peaches was studied. The cultivars' differences and the impact of preservatives (Na-benzoate and citric acid) were statistically evaluated. Multiple discriminant analysis of peaches? aromatic profile was used to segregate investigated peach cultivars. Although they were very similar, the cultivars were segregated by two discriminant function, function 1 (which accounted for 56.9% of this peach model) and function 2 (31.7%). The use of preservatives had also an important impact on the aromatic profile of cooked peaches. The statistical analysis indicated that from 57 identified volatiles, 40 volatiles showed statistically significant difference regarding the way of preservation. The main negative impact had Na-benzoate compared to control or samples preserved with citric acid.
STUDIES ON NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY--II.THE APPLICATION OF N-ACYLIMIDAZOLES IN THE ACYLATIONS OF THE RIBONUCLEOTIDES.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of experiments was carried out to study the reactions between ribonucleo-tides and N-acylimidazoles.In presence of morpholine-N,N′-dicyclohexylcarboxa-midine (MDCAI)or tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH),the N-acylimidazolesare found to be excellent acylating agents for the 3′-ribonucleotides,but in theabsence of MDCAI or TEAH,they predominantly give 2′,3′-cycloribonucleotide with3′-ribonucleotide.In case of guanosine 3′-phosphate,it was found that with N-acylimidazole alonethe heterocyclie amino group of this nuclectide was acylated only to an extent of lessthan 10%,while the cyclization of the phosphate into 2′,3′-cyclonucleotide was quiteserious.However,the addition of MDCAI can effectively suppress the 2′,3′-cyclonuc-leotide formation and facilitate the acylation of the amino groups on the heterocyclicring and of the 2′-and 5′-hydroxyl groups of the ribose moiety of guanosine 3′-phosph-ate.Similary,in the reaction of uridine 3′-phosphate with N-acylimidazole,uridine2′,3′-cyclophosphate was formed practically as the sole product in absence of MDCAI and in presence of MDOAI.3′,5′-O-diacyluridine 3′-phosphate was almost the onlyproduct.The same truth holds also for other nucleotides on reaction with N-acylimi-dazoles.When anhydrous TEAH was used in addition to N-acylimidazole,not onlythe formation of the 2′,3′-cycloribonucleotide was very satisfactorily suppressed butalso the acylation of both hydroxyl and amino groups was greatly accelerated.Infact,this acylimidazole method has been generally used for preparing the acyl-deriva-rives of ribonuoleotides and ribonucleosides in our laboratories.we have compared the effiiciency of N-benzoylimidazole,benzoylcyanide andbezoic acid anhydride as a benzoylating agent.The results show that for the benzoy-lation of ribonucleotides 3′-UMP,(MeOTr)Up,(Tr)Gp,(MeOTr)Cp,and 3′-AMP,the N-acylimidazole together with MDCAI or TEAH is the best among all the three,with respect to the speed of the reaction and the yield and the quality of the benzoy-lation products(Tab.1) .The course of the benzoylation of the pyridinium uridine 3′-phosphate withN-benzoylimidazole was followed by using ~(31) P pulse NMR Spectroscopy.It shows thatat first uridine 3′-phosphate was rapidly converted into 3′-uridylic-benzoic anhy-dride and then cyclized into uridine 2′,3′-cyclophosphate.The study on the mechanism of the acylation of the ribonucleotide by N-acylimi-dazole with or without MDCAI of TEAH is being continued and the results will bepublished elsewhere in the near future.
The growth and decline of urban agglomerations in Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Half the population of Europe’s largest economy by population and economic output lives in 30 main urban agglomerations. This paper presents a series of cartogram visualisations of population changes in Germany for these areas that happened in the period 2008–2013. Most of the areas have seen an urban renaissance by regaining growth. After a long period of suburbanisation, growth started returning to city centres. Among the few declining major urban agglomerations, the old industrial Ruhr area stands out, with an overall decline that is larger than any decline in all other major urban agglomerations put together. Population decline in the analysed period almost exclusively took place in suburban areas. Both trends mark an important change in the population dynamics of these major urban regions in the country.
Peruvian Parents Perceptions of Children's Obesity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although parents are critical to childhood obesity prevention, little is known about Peruvian parents' perceptions regarding childhood obesity, a country undergoing an emerging obesity epidemic. The study assessed Peruvian parents' perceptions regarding their children's obesity risks and behaviors. The specific objectives were to: (a) assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of parents regarding nutrition and physical activity of their preschool-aged children, and (b) assess parents’ ability to recognize overweight status in their children. Methods: The cross-sectional study surveyed 202 parents of preschool children (Mean age= 49.4 months, SD = 8.5) in the peri-urban slum communities of Lima, Peru utilizing a modified version of the Behavior and Attitudes Questionnaire for Healthy Habits (BAQ-HH) questionnaire. Children's body mass index (BMI) was compared with parental descriptions of the child's weight. Results: Nearly half (41.3%) of children had exceeded healthy weight (defined as BMI- for-age Z- score >-2 and £1). Parents demonstrated high knowledge, positive behaviors, and concerned attitudes. Parental knowledge and attitude scores predicted parental behavior scores (p=0.004). More than half (56.6%) accurately perceived their child's weight. However, 90.4% of parents of overweight/obese children underestimated their weight. Conclusions: Understanding Peruvian parents' perceptions of their children's obesity risk is essential to planning comprehensive interventions.
Specific Detection of Phenylalanine Following Chromatographic Separation from Serum and Urine of Phenylketonuric Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A specific reaction for phenylalanine has been applied after chromatographic separation of amino acids from urine, serum and blood specimens of phenylketo-nuric patients. This reaction is demonstrated by means of photographs of the actual chro-matograms obtained.
Cyclic Modules over End(VD ) Whose Endomorphism Ring Is an Ultrapower of D

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let VD be an infinite dimensional right vector space and put R = End(VD ). If B is a basis of V, to each free ultrafilter A https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429187605/d46d5034-f914-41b4-a96f-9f0731bff786/content/eq2638.tif"/> on B is associated a left ideal M of R. It is proved that the endomorphism ring End R (R/M) of the left cyclic R-module R/M is isomorphic to the ultraproduct DB / A https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429187605/d46d5034-f914-41b4-a96f-9f0731bff786/content/eq2639.tif"/> .
A nanotechnology system for augmenting the intranasal delivery of oxytocin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Neuropeptides such as oxytocin (OT) have shown promise as treatments for many central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Dravet Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The primary barriers to the use of OT as a treatment for ASD are that, due to its size and hydrophicity, it does not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and penetrate the CNS, and that it is rapidly metabolized in the blood stream, with a half‐life of 1–6 minutes following IV administration. Ongoing studies are attempting to overcome its poor brain penetrance using intranasal delivery of OT. Although the development of intranasal delivery of OT has been a seminal advance in ASD research, this administration method is an inefficient means of transferring drug to the brain and requires frequent dosing (because of the short half‐life of OT). As such, there is legitimate concern regarding the long‐term effects of high‐dose and frequent daily administration of intranasal OT. We have collected compelling data showing that a nanotechnology is a promising means of augments the brain penetrance of OT and protecting OT from metabolism and sustaining its delivery. We have found that our nanoscale drug carriers do not exhibit in vitro or in vivo toxicity, have sizes on the order of 100–200nm (which is highly amenable to brain delivery), increase the brain penetrance of an IR‐marker (of similar molecular size to OT) using bioimaging, engender stronger prosocial effects than OT alone given intranasally, and exhibit sustained release effects both in vitro and in vivo. Although we have focused on the development of intranasal OT, we believe that this new technology will be applicable to many other neuropeptides (such as neuropeptide Y) that may have promise for ASD and other disorders because of their anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, and/or anti‐seizure effects. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by R21NS100512. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
No Interaction Effect between Interleukin-6 Polymorphisms and Acid Ash Diet with Bone Resorption Marker in Postmenopausal Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Evidence is growing that a high-acid diet might accelerate the rate of bone loss, and gene polymorphisms such as Interleukin 6 (IL6) -174G/C and -572G/C are related to bone deterioration. However, no study of the interaction between diet and IL6 polymorphisms has been conducted among Asians. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether IL6 gene polymorphisms modified the association between dietary acidity and the rate of bone resorption. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 203 postmenopausal women (age ranged from 51 to 85 years old) in community settings. The dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a validated interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while dietary acid load (DAL) was estimated using net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Agena® MassARRAY genotyping analysis and serum collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX1) were used to identify the IL6 genotype and as a bone resorption marker, respectively. The interactions between diet and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed using linear regressions. Results: A total of 203 healthy postmenopausal women aged between 51 and 85 years participated in this study. The mean BMI of the participants was 24.3 kg/m2. In IL6 -174 G/C, all the participants carried the GG genotype, while the C allele was absent. Approximately 40% of the participants had a high dietary acid load. Dietary acid load (B = 0.15, p = 0.031) and the IL6 -572 CC genotype group (B = 0.14, p = 0.044) were positively associated with a higher bone resorption. However, there was no moderating effect of the IL6 genetic polymorphism on the relationship between and acid ash diet and bone resorption markers among the postmenopausal women (p = 0.79). Conclusion: High consumption of an acid ash diet and the IL6 -572 C allele seem to attribute to high bone resorption among postmenopausal women. However, our finding does not support the interaction effect of dietary acidity and IL6 (-174G/C and -572G/C) polymorphisms on the rate of bone resorption. Taken together, these results have given scientific research other candidate genes to focus on which may interact with DAL on bone resorption, to enhance planning for preventing or delaying the onset of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.
Health At Every Size Approach to Health Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The healthcare industry and obesity experts are failing to find effective, long-term treatment and prevention strategies for obesity. Traditional weight loss methods are based on the medical model that views obesity as a disease that can be cured with the appropriate application of treatment. The Health At Every Size paradigm believes that individuals who are overweight and obese do want to exercise and eat healthy foods and they are capable of doing so when barriers are removed. This article examines the research data behind the Health At Every Size approach to health management.
Effect of Different Combined Nitrogen Proporation on Sadfflower Yield and Nitrate Accumulation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sand culture was applied to investigate the influence of different combined nitrogen proportion to safflower seedling yield,biomass,the length and diameter of hypocotyls,radicle length,lateral root numbers and nitrate accumulation.Results showed that,seedlings achieved the largest amount biomass with NO3-/NH4+ ratio of 1 to 1 in nutrient solution;wet weight and yield of seedling reduced obviously under NO3-/NH4+ ratio of 100 to 0 and 25 to 75;and different NO3--N /NH4+-N ratio had different effect to nitrogen metabolism.
French equivalents for English proverbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

French equivalents for English proverbs Get access F. E. A. Gasc F. E. A. Gasc 1Brighton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-XII, Issue 297, 4 September 1897, Page 193, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-XII.297.193c Published: 04 September 1897
Bladder Trauma in the Long‐distance Runner: “10,000 Metres Haematuria”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Profuse, short-lived haematuria occurring as an occasional event in a number of long-distance runners has been found to originate from lesions in the bladder. These lesions are either ecchymosis or frank contusions which have a typical distribution. They are sited on the inter-ureteric bar, the posterior half of the rim of the internal meatus and on the posterior bladder wall in which position there is "mirroring" of the trigonal lesions. The possible mode of injury is discussed.
Preparation of Microkernel-Based Mesoporous (SiO2–CdTe–SiO2)@SiO2 Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Imaging Screening and Enrichment of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors from Tripterygium Wilfordii

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The currently utilized ligand fishing for bioactive molecular screening from complex matrixes cannot perform imaging screening. Here, we developed a new solid-phase ligand fishing coupled with an in situ imaging protocol for the specific enrichment and identification of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) inhibitors from Tripterygium wilfordii, utilizing a multiple-layer and microkernel-based mesoporous nanostructure composed of a protective silica coating CdTe quantum dot (QD) core and a mesoporous silica shell, i.e., microkernel-based mesoporous (SiO2-CdTe-SiO2)@SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles (MMFNPs) as extracting carries and fluorescent probes. The prepared MMFNPs showed a highly uniform spherical morphology, retention of fluorescence emission, and great chemical stability. The fished ligands by Hsp 90α-MMFNPs were evaluated via the preliminary bioactivity based on real-time cellular morphology imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and then identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Celastrol was successfully isolated as an Hsp 90 inhibitor, and two other specific components screened by Hsp 90α-MMFNPs, i.e., demecolcine and wilforine, were preliminarily identified as potential Hsp 90 inhibitors through the verification of strong affinity to Hsp 90 and antitumor bioactivity. The approach based on the MMFNPs provides a strong platform for imaging screening and discovery of plant-derived biologically active molecules with high efficiency and selectivity.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT, DESCRIPTION, RUPTURE AND TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) along with the posterior cruciate ligament are the central stabilizers of the knee. Rupture of the ACL usually occurs in active and young people. For a correct diagnosis it is necessary a good clinical history, examination and a complementary study. The literature recommends surgical treatment in athletes and young people. Objective: to detail current information related to anterior cruciate ligament injury, embryology, anatomy, biomechanics, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, management, approach and treatment of the disease. Methodology: a total of 72 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 46 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant to this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese, German and English were: ACL, anterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, Vordere Kreuzband. Results: ACL deficiency not only causes instability episodes but also changes in joint mechanics that may lead to degenerative changes. Meniscal lesions are linked to 50% of these injuries. The Lachman test is the most accurate clinical diagnostic test, with a reported combined sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 94%. The anterior drawer test has high sensitivity and specificity for chronic ACL tears (92% sensitivity and 91% specificity), but lower accuracy for acute cases. In MRI, the following statistics were found in patients with acute ACL injuries in several studies: specificity 98-100% and sensitivity 94%. Conclusions: The ACL is a specialized band of connective tissue located in the knee joint that joins the tibia and femur. It consists primarily of collagen fibers, making up 70% of its dry weight.Variation in the anatomy of the intercondylar groove of the distal femur is a factor that appears to be related to an increased risk of ACL injury. ACL injuries are rarely diagnosed with an MRI, but in some circumstances, such as a meniscal tear or bone contusion, this test may be useful. The decision on the course of treatment for a patient with an ACL injury depends on a number of variables. Surgical reconstruction in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears has proven to be a very effective technique that usually provides satisfactory results. Patients with ACL insufficiency may receive conservative treatment, which may involve activity modification, rehabilitation, and sometimes bracing. Proprioception and strength deficits should be taken into account when designing rehabilitation programs for knees with ACL insufficiency. KEY WORDS: ligament, anterior cruciate, ACL, rupture.
Progress in use of beta-blockers for cardiovascular diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

β受体阻滞剂(beta-blocker)过去多作为抗心律失常药应用于临床,近年来其应用范围逐渐扩大,现已应用于抗高血压、纠正心肌缺血、改善心功能[1],品种及剂型也日新月异,其作用机制是多方面的,至今尚未完全清楚,不同制剂作用机制亦有差别,其核心作用是预防儿茶酚胺的心脏毒性作用。
Examining the Ethical Dilemmas of Advertising on TikTok

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, journalism has completely transformed to adapt to the digital age. Modern journalists use social media for breaking news updates and adapt their stories for all platforms. Advertisers and journalists have more opportunities than ever to advertise their products online and on social media, however, it is imperative that professionals in this field report and advertise ethically on every platform. As social media trends and platforms change, so do the opportunities for online advertisers. TikTok is a rapidly growing social media app that is used by youths around the world. While there is plenty of opportunity for advertising on the app, multiple ethical dilemmas arise for advertisers and journalists on TikTok. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical dilemmas of advertising on TikTok, including advertising to children, advertising on an app that is heavily censored and potentially threatens national security, and journalists’ usage of the app.