jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
$G_2$ Laplacian flow and higher codimensional spacelike mean curvature flow

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is known that higher codimensional mean curvature flow appears naturally in the $G_2$-Laplacian flow of coassociative fibrations. With this motivation, we consider entire higher codimensional mean curvature flow in $\mathbb R^{n,m}$ of $n$-dimensional spacelike manifolds and prove a long time existence theorem starting from arbitrary spacelike initial data. We will see that the key to the proof is to demonstrate local spacelike gradient estimates, and to get around difficulties with cutoff functions in $\mathbb R^{n,m}$. This yields new long time existence results for the $G_2$-Laplacian flow.
Epistemic dialog between health services and operations research

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study proposes a dialogical approach between OR and Health Services Planning and Epidemiology based on the similarities of their own epistemological experiences, according to Habermas' Theory of Knowledge. As a field of application, healthcare services planning and epidemiology are characterized as Complex Societal Problems, requiring multidisciplinary and multi dimensional approaches. A review of the literature on OR efficiency healthcare services applications is made to confront the perspective of the OR analyst and that of the health manager. Finally, an agenda is proposed to enhance the interaction between the disciplines, by increasing actuality of the OR methods' findings, to guarantee that the results of health services research will really be put in practice by health policy decision makers.
Controlled prescribing.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of adjuvant photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the new photosensitizer, talaporfin sodium (TPS), was assessed in 7 patients with bile duct carcinoma (BDC). The 664-nm semiconductor laser (100 J/cm2) was applied through endoscopy to the tumor lesion within 6 h after injection of TPS. Cases included three non-resectable and 4 resected BDC with remnant cancer cells at the bile duct stump. Radiated lesions exhibited mild inflammatory responses. Locally advanced tumor occluding bile duct was relieved by PDT and patency was maintained for 16 months. Two patients developed mild photodermatitis but no severe morbidity. One patient died of other disease, and two patients died of liver metastasis within 6 months, but local recurrence was not observed. Three patients maintained cancer-free survival for 6-13 months. One patient survived with good status for 24 months. Adjuvant TPS-PDT is a safe and useful treatment for local control of BDC. Compared to the conventional PDT, the patient9s quality of life is remarkably improved.
Alguns estudos sobre evasão e persistência de estudantes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses some research on student attrition and persistence in presencial and distance educational systems. The selected researches were conducted in several countries, such as England, the United States of America, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Uganda, Brazil, and others. The first part presents studies conducted on face-to-face educational system and the second part is addressed towards studies conducted on distance educational systems specially the those considered as first and second generation of at a distance educational system. The article indicates that educational institutions must implement student support services in order to prevent attrition and to foster educational success.
Efficacy of Auto-transfusion for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Two Case Reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign and highly vascular tumor common in adolescent males. We report two cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. One case was a 17-year-old male, and the other case was a 27-year-old male. One case complained of left nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis of the left nostril, and the other case complained only one epistaxis of right nostril.We found large masses filling the choanal cavity and CT scans and MRI images revealed that in both cases, tumors filled the nasopharyngeal cavity, the in one case the tumor extended into the left sphenopalatine fossa, and in the other case it extended into the right sphenoid sinus. Both cases underwent preoperative embolization with gelform one day before surgery and auto-transfusion was performed. In both cases, complete tumor removal was accomplished with a blood loss of 1300 and 1500ml. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is such a highly vascular tumor that we shoud perform auto-transfusion in spite of preoperative embolization.
Seven notes on the program and design of healthcare buildings’ rehabilitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the characteristics of the 20th century heritage hospital is the permanent remodeling of its spaces, a sign of the frequent changes in clinical practices which, in turn, bring about functional, construction and spatial changes. This characteristic, due to the functional prevalence of health facilities, generates forms of environmental and territorial consumerism. Contrary to any conservation or crystallizing idea of the heritage hospital, this present reflection seeks to find the aspects of this heritage that may be preserved in the remodeling processes, informed by the recent trends in the design of healthcare facilities, which ultimately constitute opportunities for their rehabilitation, reuse or restoration.
S3168 Metastatic Breast Cancer to a J-Shaped Muscular Bag – The Stomach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Female breast cancer was the leading cause of global cancer incidence in 2020, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases, representing 11.7% of all cancer cases. The most common primary target sites of breast cancer metastasis are bone, lung, liver, and brain. The stomach is an infrequent site of breast cancer metastasis, accounting for an incidence ranging from 0.3% in retrospective studies to 8-18% in autopsy series. Needless to say, metastasis to the stomach from any primary tumor is itself atypical, with an incidence of 0.2-1.7%. We present a case of breast cancer metastasis to the stomach from a rare histological subtype of breast cancer- glycogen-rich, clear cell breast carcinoma. Case Description/Methods: 75- year-old female with clear cell glycogen rich invasive carcinoma, stage IIIB of the right breast presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of fatigue and weakness for two days. Vital signs were normal. Physical examination revealed ataxic gait and right-sided hemiparesis. Labs showed a hemoglobin of 7.5 g/dl (baseline 9.8 g/dl) and hematocrit 23.5% (baseline 30%). The following day her hemoglobin asymptomatically dropped to 6.8 g/dl, and a repeat reading showed a further decline to 5.8 g/dl. Two units of packed red blood cells (PRBC) were transfused, which increased her hemoglobin to 7.8 g/dl. Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) was positive, and gastroenterology was consulted to investigate further. Computerized Tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a 4.4 cm intraperitoneal mass in the left mid-abdomen highly suggestive of metastasis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed several gastric ulcers on the greater aspect of the stomach's body located on the mucosal mound or raised mucosa (Figure 1). Given the undermining margins and the ulcer's location, there was increased suspicion for malignancy and she was diagnosed with metastatic poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. Due to the patient's low-performance status, hospice/palliative care was pursued. Discussion: The exact mechanism of gastric metastasis of breast cancer is still unclear. Gastric metastasis can have a negative impact on survival and must be investigated in patients with breast cancer who present with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. There should be a very high index of suspicion for a prompt diagnosis. In patients with a history of breast cancer, gastric endoscopy should be offered in cases of GI symptoms, even when the symptoms are vague.Figure 1.: Gastric perforation secondary to malignant gastric outlet obstruction.
NONTHRIVING INFANTS— A FAMILY PROBLEM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY RUSSIAN–KHIVAN TRADE AND THE IMPORT OF METALS IN THE 16TH–19TH CENTURIES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of Russian–Khivan trade in the supply of raw metals and manufactured goods to the Khiva Khanate from the 16th to the early 20th centuries. Archival records and travel accounts indicate that despite prohibitions on the export of iron, copper, lead, and steel from Russia, these commodities reached Khiva through contraband and diplomatic channels. Khivan merchants acted as intermediaries, importing cast iron, steel, and copper from Orenburg, Astrakhan, and the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, while exporting cotton, wool, hides, and fruits. By the mid-19th century, Central Asia had become the destination for up to 60% of Russia’s metal exports, underscoring its strategic importance. Sources highlight the continued flow of iron, cast iron, copper, and steel into Khiva, which sustained the growth of local blacksmithing and metalworking crafts. Statistical data confirm that by 1909 the Khanate imported nearly one million poods of goods, including over 100,000 poods of iron and cast-iron products. These findings illustrate that trade with Russia was the primary means of supplying Khiva with metals, crucial for its economic and artisanal development.
Analysis and synthesis of parallel manipulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, novel parallel manipulators are introduced for industrial and medical applications. New methods are developed for the structural synthesis of Euclidean platform robot-manipulators with variable general constraints (EPRM). New mechanical structures such as serial, parallel and serial-parallel EPRM are designed along with proposed method.A new dimensional synthesis method of two DoF planar and spherical seven link mechanisms is presented. Interpolation and least square approximations are used to design the mechanism. In the solution of dimensional synthesis problems, nonlinear equations are converted to system of linear equations. The motion generation problem of a 3 DoF platform robot manipulator is solved for three, four and five precision poses. It is shown that the synthesis problem can be solved analytically for three prescribed poses. However, the solution is achieved by using a numerical method for four and five poses. The result, which is obtained from three prescribed poses, is used as an initial guess for four and five poses. Kinematic analysis of the manipulators is investigated. After the derivation of vector-loop equations, inverse and direct position analyses of the manipulators are presented. Constant orientation workspace of a three DoF spatial parallel manipulator is presented. The mechanical elements which are necessary for the construction of manipulators are introduced. The information about the motors which is needed for actuation of manipulators is given. Three DoF parallel manipulator is constructed for a industrial packaging system. Assembly of manufactured parts and mechanical elements are shown.
Industrial Relations and the Limits of the State: Can a Left Labour Government Resurrect Comprehensive Sectoral Collective Bargaining and Restore Trade Union Power?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since 2017 the British Labour Party has proposed mandatory sectoral collective bargaining (SCB) as a comprehensive strategy to rebuild the trade union voice across the entire economy. The intellectual roots lie in the Institute of Employment Rights’ (IER) Manifesto for Labour Law (2016). First, this article explains the core IER approach, questioning its feasibility given current low levels of union membership and bargaining coverage and whether it would produce the stable and productive economy promised. Second, the article develops four social science objections to this state‐driven approach centred on industrial relations history; political sociology; economics; and political philosophy. The conclusion argues that while stronger voluntary trade unions could help, it is neither practicable nor desirable for the state to impose a trade union, single‐channel approach to employee voice. Instead, a ‘mixed economy of voice’ is proposed, perhaps including statutory works councils, which speaks directly to all employees—union and non‐union—and wins broader political, employer and public support.
A Dentigerous Cyst Occupying the Maxillary Sinus with an Impacted Canine: A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst encountered relatively frequently in oral surgery. However, there are rare cases of dentigerous cysts found within the maxillary sinus, which can be caused by an impacted canine. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who developed a dentigerous cyst due to an impacted canine in her maxillary sinus. Panoramic radiographs revealed a cystic permeation that extended from the right maxillary through the base of the nasal cavity, an impacted canine. Computed tomography images revealed a cystic lesion that included a large impacted canine 50×46×36 mm in the maxillary sinus. Complete removal of the cyst, extraction of the impacted wisdom tooth, first molar, and the impacted canine from the maxillary, and closure of the maxillary fistula were performed endoscopically under general anesthesia. Her post-operative course was good, with no postoperative infections.
The Spiritual Aesthetics of Black World Creation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the ways Black youth cultural expressivities, or how Black youth express their culture and cultural commitments via various expressive modalities—and Black aesthetics, to unearth the spiritual nature of Blackness. Blending autobiographical storytelling with insights from Black youth gathered empirically, I unearth the ways Black youth resist an anti-Black world through Black aesthetic production, which I theorize as leading to the creation of Black worlds. Inhabiting a world where Blackness evokes an unfreedom and/as death is counter to what I have known and know Blackness to be. For this reason, I depart from the obsession with framing Blackness as (close to) death. Through geographical assemblages of Black world creation, I invite us to see Blackness as freedom, not a perpetual search to be free. Through theorizing Black spiritual aesthetics, I offer critical insights into the ways Black youth cultural expressivities, as beholden to a Black ethos/epistemology and Black methodology, articulate an awareness of life beyond the immediacy of anti-Black logics of Black death and unfreedom.
Spatial Orientation and Navigation in Elderly Drivers

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This report details a research study that was conducted to determine whether elderly drivers have more difficulty than younger drivers in maintaining orientation when they learn routes in unfamiliar neighborhoods. Drivers learned an approximately three-mile irregular route through a novel neighborhood. After they could drive the route without errors, they were asked to indicate the direction of out-of-sight landmarks from various station points along the route. Elderly drivers (60 years and over) made almost double the size errors in their judgments than the younger drivers (25-35 years). Unexpectedly, there was also a gender difference with women especially elderly women, making larger errors than men. Although actually driving along a real route gives the experimental task considerable face validity, the situation lacks considerably in experimental control. Traffic conditions can vary, weather conditions can vary, there may be road construction, etc. The nature of the route itself cannot be experimentally manipulated. With all these factors, it is difficult to investigate how orientation affects vehicle control. Much greater control can be gained by driving in a simulator and it is much safer. The orientation study described above was replicated in a simulator with similar results. Initial crude observations indicated that when attention was on wayfinding, vehicle control was poorer. A more refined study of how vehicle control is affected by wayfinding followed this project.
High frequency injection assisted &#x201C;active flux&#x201D; based sensorless vector control of reluctance synchronous motors, with experiments from zero speed

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a hybrid, motion sensorless control of an Axially Laminated Anisotropic (ALA) Reluctance Synchronous Machine (RSM). The zero and low speed sensorless method is a saliency based High Frequency Signal
Injection technique (HFSI) that uses the motor itself as a resolver. The second method is based on a state observer incorporating the “active flux” concept used to deliver RSM rotor position and speed information for medium and high
speed range. Even if both methods perform successfully in separate speed regions, estimation of the two algorithms is combined as a sensor fusion to improve performance at zero and very low speeds. Experimental results validate the proposed control strategies.
Idiopathic venous thromboembolism and thrombophilia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the past decade idiopathic venous thromboembolism has become a separate entity, a chronic illness which has required prolonged anticoagulation and other prevention strategies to avoid recurrences. This article reviews recent developments regarding unprovoked venous thromboembolism and its relation with thrombophilia. In the beginning, the latest definition of idiopathic venous thromboembolism is presented. The article continues with statistics about thrombophilia, related venous thromboembolism, and a classification of major thrombophilic factors according to their intrinsic risk of thrombosis and of thrombotic recurrences. Great interest is given to the predictors of recurrence and the importance of prolonged anticoagulation is underlined. The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, the most common acquired thrombophilia, is presented separately. The revised diagnosis criteria are discussed. Some characteristics of the antiphospholipid syndrome are worth presenting: the risk of both venous and arterial thrombosis, the high risk of thrombotic recurrence and the diversity of antiphospholipid antibodies. Patients experiencing idiopathic venous thromboembolic event have a great risk of recurrence, and highly benefit from long time anticoagulation. Natural coagulation inhibitors deficiencies, homozygous factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A and the antiphospholipid syndrome, increase the risk of first venous thrombosis and their recurrences and require adequate prevention.
Impact of Merger on Profitability of Banks: A Study with Reference to Public Sector Banks in India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Aims: To investigate the impact of bank mergers on the financial performance of public sector banks in India, specifically examining the effects on Net Interest Margin (NIM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), and to assess the role of bank-specific factors in influencing these outcomes. Study Design: Analytical study using panel regression analysis with fixed-effects (FE) and random-effects (RE) models, supported by descriptive statistics and correlation matrix, to evaluate the impact of mergers and bank-specific factors on profitability. Sample and Duration of Study: The study focuses on five public sector banks in India (Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab National Bank, Union Bank of India), using quarterly data from March 31, 2015, to March 31, 2024, covering pre- and post-merger periods (mergers effective from April 1, 2019, for Bank of Baroda, and April 1, 2020, for others). Methodology: The study included five public sector banks, analysing quarterly financial data over six years. Panel regression models (FE and RE) were employed, with NIM, ROA, and ROE as dependent variables, and a merger dummy variable (0 for pre-merger, 1 for post-merger) as the primary independent variable. Bank-specific control variables included Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DE), Cost-to-Income Ratio (CI), Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA), and Cash-to-Total Assets (CTA). Hausman tests were used to determine model preference. Results: The mergers significantly increased NIM, ROA, and ROE, with stronger effects under FE models for NIM and ROA, and RE models for ROE. GNPA and CI were consistently negative and significant, indicating adverse effects of poor asset quality and operational inefficiency. CAR positively influenced ROA and ROE, but its impact on NIM was insignificant. DE showed mixed, often negative effects under FE models. CTA remained insignificant across all specifications. The findings highlight mergers and internal efficiency as critical drivers of bank profitability and resilience. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that bank mergers significantly enhance the financial performance of public sector banks in India, as evidenced by increased NIM, ROA, and ROE. Effective management of asset quality and operational efficiency further strengthens profitability and resilience post-merger.
Automatic detection and tracking of multiple interacting targets from a moving platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In real-world scenarios, a target tracking system could be severely compromised by interactions, i.e., influences from the proximity and/or behavior of other targets or background objects. Closely spaced targets are difficult to distinguish, and targets may be partially or totally invisible for uncontrolled durations when occluded by other objects. These situations are very likely to degrade the performance or cause the tracker to fail because the system may use invalid target observations to update the tracks. To address these issues, we propose an integrated multitarget tracking system. A background-subtraction–based method is used to automatically detect moving objects in video frames captured by a moving camera. The data association method evaluates the overlap rates between newly detected objects (observations) and already-tracked targets and makes decisions pertaining to whether a target is interacting with other targets and whether it has a valid observation. According to the association results, distinct strategies are employed to update and manage the tracks of interacting versus well-isolated targets. This system has been tested with real-world airborne videos from the DARPA Video Verification of Identity program database and demonstrated excellent track continuity in the presence of occlusions and multiple target interactions, very low false alarm rate, and real-time operation on an ordinary general-purpose computer.