jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An ex vivo gene therapy approach in X-linked retinoschisis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These results establish that extracellular delivery of RS1 rescues the structural and functional deficits in the Rs1h knockout mouse model and that this ex vivo gene therapy approach can inhibit progression of disease. This proof-of-principle work suggests that other inherited retinal degenerations caused by a deficiency of extracellular matrix proteins could be targeted by this strategy.
Reply to Engzell: Maybe in plain sight but out of focus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microbial communities are found throughout the biosphere, from human guts to glaciers, from soil to activated sludge. Understanding the statistical properties of such diverse communities can pave the way to elucidate the common mechanisms ...Multiple ecological forces act together to shape the composition of microbial communities. Phyloecology approaches—which combine phylogenetic relationships between species with community ecology—have the potential to disentangle such forces but are often ...
Using an external registration system for daily patient repositioning in protontherapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this paper, we present an iterative method for positioning a patient in protontherapy. The main difficulty in this kind of treatment is the unknown position of the treated volume during the set up of the patient. The positioning process is realized by a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) industrial robot. This article explains how the positioning error of the treated volume can e minimized thanks to an external tracking system.
Christopher A. FRILINGOS. Spectacles of Empire: Monsters, Martyrs, and the Book of Revelation. (Divinations: Rereading Late Ancient Religion.) Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2004. Pp. 184 and ANDREW BELL. Spectacular Power in Greek and Roman Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004. Pp. vi, 289

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It would be hard to find two books on the same topic—spectacle in the ancient Mediterranean—that differed more. Andrew Bell focuses on “the impress of presentations of power upon the senses, emotions and memories of all citizens, … including the complicitousness, of civic audiences in determining and sustaining the authority of political leadership” (p. 11). Bell's interest lies in the “normative habits” that guided how citizens viewed their leaders in city-states where there was competition among leading actors that precluded a monopoly of the attentions of their humbler fellow citizens; hence, his book focuses on democratic Athens and republican Rome, ending with the arrival of Caesarism (p. 15). This is pretty much when Christopher A. Frilingos's book begins; like Bell, Frilingos is interested in the political dimensions of spectacles, but his aim is to elucidate The Book of Revelation, the visions of John of Patmos. But, Frilingos contends, Revelation must be read not simply as a critique of the dominant imperial order. Rather, its imagery, themes, and rhetoric need to be understood as products of Roman culture that “shared with contemporaneous texts and institutions specific techniques for defining world and self” (p. 5). Hence, for Frilingos, ancient spectacles infiltrate Revelation in ways that defy making sharp divisions between Roman and Christian. While it is informative to read these books together, the focus and approach of each is so different that I will discuss them separately. In the end of this review, I will draw some conclusions about their contribution to our understanding of ancient spectacle.
The elimination of clutter

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Elimination of Clutter is a project that seeks to highlight the importance of decluttering our visual field through a redesigned visual system for our local rail transport. This project was first mainly inspired by the designer’s own experience with enochlophobia (the fear of crowds and crowded spaces) in her daily life. Initial research areas include the Japanese design concepts of Kanso, Shibui and Koko, the concept of Minimalism in visual arts, as well as various scientific and psychological experiments conducted to show what clutter does to the human brain. On the other hand, our local rail transport system has been repeatedly berated for being overcrowded and unreliable over the recent years, and as a frequent rider who experiences mild enochlophobia daily, the designer wonders what can she do as a designer to respond to this issue. Therefore by combining the research areas and the initial inspiration of this project, this project seeks to create a redesigned decluttered visual system for our local rail transport. The Elimination of Clutter features a reimagining of our local rail transport map based on the thought and essence of Kanso, minimalism and Shibui.
Comprehensive Functional Identification of Transmembrane Proteins Using the BTP Method

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been revealed that TM protein functions correspond well to the TM topologies [the number of TM segments (tms), the loop length and the N-terminus location] [4, 5] and long loop regions contain functional domains. Recently, our group proposed a novel approach for classifying and identifying the functional classification and identification of TM protein functions based on TM topology information (the binary TM topology pattern (BTP) method) [4], where each loop length is expressed as ‘1’ for a long loop or ‘0’ for a short loop, and BTP is described as a string of binary loop length. By applying the BTP method to TM protein sequences encoded in 12 eukaryotic and 87 prokaryotic genomes, in this study, we have identified and classified comprehensively functions of TM proteins of these genomes.
Use of Preestablished Criteria for Deciding on Extubation in the Very Low Birthweight Newborn

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in very low birthweight infants can sometimes be very prolonged, even in the absence of any respiratory disease. To avoid this, we have developed a double-blind study protocol of the concomitant use of caffeine and doxapram or caffeine and placebo as an aid to early weaning from MV. This protocol necessitated the definition of very precise ventilatory criteria for extubation. Even before the double-blind code has been broken, we can note that the duration of ventilation was very significantly reduced (p < 0.001) from 27.5 days (median; range 1–99) in infants of the retrospective study group to 4 days (median: range 1–34) in the prospective study group (extubation according to strict criteria). This reduction in duration of MV cannot be explained by a difference in the severity of the initial pathology, or by the treatment of some of the infants with doxapram (the difference would not be so marked), but, probably, to the definition of strict criteria concerning extubation.
Calcium Signaling and Regulation of G‐proteins in Zebrafish Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Progression from egg to embryo requires a dynamic interaction of signal transduction networks. We combine cellular, molecular and genetic analysis with high‐resolution calcium imaging to investigate how signaling networks influence embryonic patterning. We have identified calcium release as an output of the Wnt signaling network and are investigating the mechanisms and context by which this Wnt signal mediates its biological effect on the developing embryo. We have determined that the early calcium transients are, in part, modulated by Wnt‐5 and require G‐protein signaling. To identify potential intracellular regulators of calcium release dynamics, we are characterizing members of the Regulators of G‐protein Signaling (RGS) protein family. One RGS family member is co‐expressed in similar tissues as Wnt‐5. Preliminary analyses suggest synergistic interaction. Structural/functional analyses were performed to determine if direct binding to Gα subunits is required for RGS developmental actions. We have generated site‐directed mutants of a conserved asparagine, required for RGS protein binding to Gα, and evaluated the ability of wild‐type and mutant RGS cDNAs to rescue knockdown phenotypes. We also evaluated the impact of RGS mis‐expression on calcium signaling in the embryo. NIH HD045488 ‐01, GM067881 ‐01 and AHA fellowship
The Role of the Selenoprotein Glutathione Peroxidase-1 in T Cell Activation and Differentiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays an important role in reducing cellular oxidative stress. The expression of GPX1 has previously been shown to be upregulated upon T cell activation in vitro and CD4+ T cells that lack GPx-1 have also been shown to preferentially differentiate into the TH1 effector subtype. These observations suggest that the activity of GPx-1 may play a role in T cell activation and differentiation. In order to determine the relationship between GPx-1 expression and T cell activation, we used a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments to correlate GPx-1 expression with the activation marker CD44 and to address whether inhibition of GPx-1 impacts the differentiation of induced regulatory T cells. Gene expression analysis done on naïve CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro reveals that the number of GPX1 transcripts is reduced in cells cultured in the presence of recombinant PD-L1 when compared to cells cultured in the presence of control human Ig-Fc. In contrast to these data, flow cytometry data does not reveal any significant differences between the overall abundance of intracellular GPx-1 over the course of 72 hours when comparing CD4+ T cells cultured in the presence and absence of recombinant PD-L1. Using in vivo immunization and tumor models, we demonstrate that the overall expression of GPx-1 is higher both in CD44+ T cells derived from the draining lymph node and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes when compared to CD44- T cells from each microenvironment. To assess the role of GPx-1 during activation and differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro, we used a small molecule inhibitor of GPx-1, mercaptosuccinate (MS). Our data reveal that the addition of MS reduces the overall number of CD44+ T cells and that the presence of MS increases the oxidative state of CD4+ T cells in a dose dependent manner. These data support the role of GPx-1 as an important cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme. Our data also reveal that the presence of MS in cell culture media induces the expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in a dose-dependent manner that is independent of the presence of TGF-β. Overall, these data suggest that GPx-1 is an important antioxidant enzyme that may play a role in regulating T cell activation and differentiation. Additionally, we provide preliminary evidence to support the idea that the redox tone of the cell may be important for fate determination. Further work is needed to assess the functionality and durability of these FoxP3 expressing T cells, and to address whether or not these cells exhibit the typical characteristics of induced regulatory T cells.
Literature review on cattle blood polymorphisms and preliminary results of analysis in East African Zebu in Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A literature review on five blood polymorphisms, namely haemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, transferrin, amylase and albumine is presented with a description of the possible correlation to animal performances. The preliminary results of a trial experiment done in Ethiopia on 26 Small East African Zebu type of cow (24 females and 2 males) are reported and compared with results of other authors.
Exotic arthropods in the Kruger National Park, South Africa: modes of entry and population status.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

At least 21 species of exotic arthropods have successfully established breeding populations in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Of these, seven species were intentionally introduced as biological control agents of alien weeds, four species inadvertently accompanied vertebrate hosts during game translocation, and the remainder are presumed to have gained entry through packing crates, human activities, or natural dispersal in some instances. The modes of entry of exotic species are discussed and, where known, the time of first appearance in the Kruger National Park recorded. The rapidly escalating practice of wildlife translocation within and between countries is discussed in relation to passive transfer of diseases and parasites, and reasons are listed why routine precautionary steps should be instituted to avoid transfer of non-target organisms during translocation operations.
Motor gasoline stability. Technical Report No. 1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The original three test gasolines were separated into hydrocarbon-type fractions by column chromatography on silica gel, then these hydrocarbon-type fractions were further separated into boiling ranges by low-pressure distillation. Three groups of samples were placed in 43.3/sup 0/ C (110/sup 0/ F) storage; the initial three test gasolines in both the unleaded and leaded state, 16 supplemental samples as both the whole fuel and silica gel depolarized fuel, and fractions from the chromatographic separation and distillation of the initial three test samples. It was found that removal of polar compounds decreased the stability of the fuel. The depolarized fuels had much more gum initially than the whole fuels, and after 20 weeks storage at 43.3/sup 0/ C the amount of gum was greatly increased. Rapid aging with X-ray irradiation and UV irradiation was investigated. It was concluded that the effect was similar for both methods; since UV irradiation was simpler, work with X-ray irradiation was discontinued.
Theoretical Foundations for a Design Brief Expansion System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research paper discusses one of the principal aspects of a project recently funded by the Applications of Computers to Manufacturing Engineering (ACME) Directorate of the SERC. The work is concerned with the initial phase in mechanical engineering design of problem elaboration from recognition of a need via an issued design brief to the generation of full requirement specifications. The intention is to present a basic theoretical process through which it should be possible to expand different sorts of briefs by means of a reasonably generalized process, thus making the process somewhat independent of the specific nature of the design problems for which it is used. Considerable attention has been paid to the work of others in this area and a review of this is presented in the introduction so that a context for the work is provided at the outset. The system discussed in the paper is meant to be implemented on a computer and considerable work has already been carried out on this front. It is the view of the authors that the theory of the process has had to evolve simultaneously with the computer implementation, so that concepts and ideas could be tried out and validated wherever possible. The issue of validation is clearly most important and further work is on-going and planned to develop it to the point where significant problem generalization is feasible
"If God did not Exist it Would be Necessary to Invent Him."

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article "If God did not Exist it Would be Necessary to Invent Him." Get access Codex Codex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-III, Issue 77, 17 June 1899, Page 469, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-III.77.469e Published: 17 June 1899
[Status of the quality of drinking water provided to schools in the area of the Zenoj-Doboj Canton].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this research the authors have examined the quality of drinking water in schools by the microbiological and physico-chemical analyses of water samples from 140 schools in the region of ten municipalities of Zenica-Doboj Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is found that 18.57% of samples in the microbiological analysis, and 80.26% of samples in physico-chemical analysis, did not meet the standards prescribed for drinking water. Comparing the data in the statistic reports of health institutions and registration lists for infectious diseases in this area with the incidence of intestinal infections in the Region, the authors reached the conclusion that the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases and hepatitis A does not correlate to percentage of impure drinking water samples. This could be explained by lack of the sufficient and consistent registration of the infectious diseases which comes under the law.
1VEHICULAR HYDROGEN STORAGE USING LIGHTWEIGHT TANKS (REGENERATIVE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy storage systems with extremely high specific energy (&gt;400 Wh/kg) have been designed that use lightweight tankage to contain the gases generated by reversible (unitized) regenerative fuel cells (URFCs). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will leverage work for aerospace applications supported by other sponsors (including BMDO, NASA, and USAF) to develop URFC systems for transportation and utility applications. Lightweight tankage is important for primary fuel cell powered vehicles that use on-board storage of hydrogen. Lightweight pressure vessels with state-of-the-art performance factors were designed, and prototypes are being fabricated to meet the DOE 2000 goals (4000 Wh/kg, 12% hydrogen by weight, 700 Wh/liter, and $20/kWh in high volume production). These pressure vessels use technologies that are easily adopted by industrial partners. Advanced liners provide permeation barriers for gas storage and are mandrels for composite overwrap. URFCs are important to the efficient use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel and enabler of renewable energy. H2/halogen URFCs may be advantageous for stationary applications whereas H2/O2 or H2/air URFCs are advantageous for vehicular applications. URFC research and development is required to improve performance (efficiency), reduce catalyst loading, understand engineering operation, and integrate systems. LLNL has the experimental equipment and advanced URFC membrane electrode assemblies (some with reduced catalyst loading) for evaluating commercial hardware (not funded by DOE in FY1999). LLNL industrial collaborations include: Conformable H2 storage development with Thiokol Corp., PEM electrolyzer and URFC developments with Proton Energy Systems, Inc. (Proton), and H2/halogen energy storage demonstration with Solar Reactor Technologies Group (SRT).
Research Progress of the Correlation between Serum Soluble CD_(14) and Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leukocyte differentiation antigen 14(CD14),the high affinity receptor for lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria,is a member of cell surface glycoprotein family,playing a mediator role in a series of inflammatory reactions of the immune defense system,and an important role in the cytokine regulation.Current studies have shown that CD14 is closely linked with diabetes and insulin resistance.The different concentrations of CD14 expression in diabetes and its complications may provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Toxicity of Certain Insecticides1

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Toxicity of Certain Insecticides Get access J. C. Gaines, J. C. Gaines Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. A. Dean H. A. Dean Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 42, Issue 3, 1 June 1949, Pages 429–433, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/42.3.429 Published: 01 June 1949
Temporal Game Challenge Tailoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Digital games often center on a series of challenges designed to vary in difficulty over the course of the game. Designers, however, lack ways to ensure challenges are suitably tailored to the abilities of each game player, often resulting in player boredom or frustration. Challenge tailoring refers to the general problem of matching designer-intended challenges to player abilities. We present an approach to predict temporal player performance and select appropriate content to solve the challenge tailoring problem. Our temporal collaborative filtering approach—tensor factorization—captures similarities among players and the challenges they face to predict player performance on unseen, future challenges. Tensor factorization accounts for varying player abilities over time and is a generic approach capable of modeling many kinds of players. We use constraint solving to optimize content selection to match player skills to a designer-specified level of performance and present a model—performance curves—for designers to specify desired, temporally changing player behavior. We evaluate our approach in a role-playing game through two empirical studies of humans and one study using simulated agents. Our studies show tensor factorization scales in multiple game-relevant data dimensions, can be used for modestly effective game adaptation, and can predict divergent player learning trends. Index Terms—artificial intelligence, machine learning, games, procedural content generation, game adaptation, recommender systems, player modeling, constraint programming I.
Q-switched fiber laser based on transition metal dichalcogenides MoS_2, MoSe_2, WS_2, and WSe_2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report 4 different saturable absorbers based on 4 transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS(2), MoSe(2), WS(2), WSe(2)) and utilize them to Q-switch a ring-cavity fiber laser with identical cavity configuration. It is found that MoSe(2) exhibits highest modulation depth with similar preparation process among four saturable absorbers. Q-switching operation performance is compared from the aspects of RF spectrum, optical spectrum, repetition rate and pulse duration. WS(2) Q-switched fiber laser generates the most stable pulse trains compared to other 3 fiber lasers. These results demonstrate the feasibility of TMDs to Q-switch fiber laser effectively and provide a meaningful reference for further research in nonlinear fiber optics with these TMDs materials.
Preoperative99mTc-MDP scintimetry of femoral neck fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preoperative 99mTc-MDP-scintimetry was performed in 117 patients with femoral neck fractures. Scintimetry was shown to be superior to visual evaluation. The ratio was calculated of the uptake in the femoral head of the fractured side over that in the unfractured side, with compensation for the increased trochanteric femoral activity found on the fractured side. A ratio above 0.90 correlated well with uneventful healing in both undisplaced and displaced fractures. Preoperative scintimetry is of great value in the choice of primary treatment of femoral neck fractures.