jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detective Fiction and the Neo-Victorian: Sexual Violence, Morality and Rescue Work in Lee Jackson’s The Last Pleasure Garden (2007)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his third Inspector Decimus Webb novel, a detective from Scotland Yard, Jackson Lee re-appropriates the crime-fiction genre to portray several stories of gender abuse and violence. Several women become the victims of “The Cutter”, including Rose Perffit, who is an aspiring debutante and the daughter of a respectable middle-class family. At the same time Lee makes use of the Neo-Victorian genre to recover aspects of the Victorian archive like the popular pleasure gardens, a kind of public entertainment that provides the setting to discuss issues of morality, sexual exploitation and reform so important for the Victorian mind but also of relevance in our contemporary societies. The role of religion and rescue work is emphasized from the very beginning, and allusions to many events and cultural aspects of the period are frequent, following the Neo-Victorian trend of re-writing the past. Also, the novel’s commitment to the crime-fiction genre facilitates the appearance of chaos and disorder—a natural feature of crime fiction—within society and, furthermore, creates the atmosphere for the investigation of the mystery, the restoration of order—when possible—and the pursuit of the truth in the hands of the male protagonist. This attempt at the restoration of order is also a prevalent characteristic of our contemporary chaotic world. Following Julia’s Kristeva’s notion of the abject and Judith Butler’s theories of gender, violence and mourning, this paper aims to discuss issues of the Victorian neglected other and contemporary concerns about the deaths and suffering of the “prostituted other”.
Le Fort Fractures

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This chapter discusses the Le Fort reduction technique. Preoperative antibiotics are given to cover sinus flora and wound contamination. The patient is prepped and draped to include both the oral cavity and the maxillofacial skeleton. Fractures are typically reduced and fixated with a bottom- to-top rationale. After the establishment of maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), the mandible is internally fixated prior to fixation of the Le Fort fractures. Patients are placed on sinus precautions. Sneezing and nose blowing are minimized. Ocean nasal spray and decongestants are recommended. Malocclusion is minimized with the use of adequate rigid internal fixation, passive articulation of the maxilla to mandible to prevent condyle malpositioning, the use of Rowe disimpaction forceps to completely mobilize the maxilla, the removal of bony interferences prior to the placement of MMF, and occlusal verification at the end of the procedure.
Do reality distortions contribute to an increased risk of violent offending in schizophrenia? – a narrative review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To critically examine the factors that drive an increased risk of violence in the schizophrenic population, with emphasis on the role played by reality distorted symptoms. Background A multitude of studies have reported a positive association between schizophrenia and violence. Many of the risk factors for violence among the non-mentally disordered population, such as substance use, childhood conduct problems and victimisation, are the same as for persons with schizophrenia. There remains controversy however as to whether reality distorted symptoms themselves contribute to the increased risk of violence. Method Relevant literature was identified through a search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Data were appraised and synthesised to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence base for the role of reality distorted symptoms in violence in schizophrenia. Result Studies ascertaining the contribution of reality distorted symptoms in violent behaviour have produced contradictory results. At a population level, several epidemiological surveys have found little or no contribution for reality distorted symptoms. Such studies frequently show that violence can be accounted for almost entirely by other factors such as substance use and victimisation. However studies investigating relationships between clinical diagnoses and population-wide violence may be unable to detect association at the symptom level. A number of studies have found strong associations between schizophrenia and violence which was not explained by comorbid substance use and have shown strong associations between specific reality distorted symptoms (in particular persecutory delusions accompanied by anger) and violent behaviour. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the relationship between schizophrenia and violence. Factors that are associated with increased risk of violence among the schizophrenic population are also pertinent to those without mental disorders. With regards to the pathways to violence in schizophrenia the following conclusions may be drawn: there is an well-established increased risk of violence associated with schizophrenia which has been replicated in many studies; this risk is driven largely by substance use but other factors such as victimisation are also important; there is evidence that reality distorted symptoms, particularly persecutory symptoms, play a role in violent behaviour in some patients, particularly when co-occurring with anger; finally, there may be shared aetiological links between schizophrenia and antisocial behaviour.
[Isotopic scintigraphy in the diagnosis of the spread of bronchial cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ventilation of the lungs using Xenon 133 and perfusion scans using 99m Tc albumin particles in microspheres were performed on 455 patients with bronchial cancers and 55 patients with pulmonary metastases. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch and functional defects of the lung, which are never found in nodular-shaped pulmonary metastases, vary in frequency according to the anatomo-pathological type of the tumor and constitute a limiting factor for ablation.
Development of NFC Mobile Application for Information on Textile Materials

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Convergence of IT devices and fashion is enabling the industry to take fully different approaches in various areas including product planning, fabric selecting, distributing, and marketing. At the same time, it also transforms the definition of clothing itself. Convergence of IT technologies in the realm of fashion and textiles industries can create a powerful synergy through connection digital devices, such as mobile phone. In this context, this study attempts to suggest how IT technology can be efficiently harnessed through the usage of mobile devices in the planning stage of fashion materials, where the initial production plan of a clothing item is mapped out. This study ultimately aims to enhance the effectiveness of databases on fashion material information by using mobile devices to utilize NFC, an RFID technology having as much revolutionary power as Internet - which can be the convergence between IT and fashion across the software dimensions. To pursue this research, data on fashion material information regarding 200 woven fabric specimens were provided by textile companies. The information includes elements such as its composition, weight, width, yarn, density and sales report. These pieces of information were organized into a database. Drawing on this data, Android-based applications that allow smart phones to read off fabric information from NFC tags were developed for this study using two methods. The system works as follows: 1. NFC tag stickers are attached onto the hangers where 200 fabric samples are hanging. 2. The NFC tag stickers are tagged, or read off from a smart phone that support NFC functions. 3. Upon tagging, the Smart phone swiftly displays all information available on its screen - not only the aforementioned six elements, but also the image of the clothing item from the fabric in its finalized product form, and the video of the model wearing the item - for convenient view. The method harbors immense potential for the fashion industry in general, and will also be useful in those fields inside the industry that harness NFC technology.
[Mitral valve repair with artificial chordal creation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To achieve optimal long-term result of mitral valve repair, artificial chordae creation has got to be an important technique. Artificial chordae creation can preserve leaflet motion of the posterior mitral leaflet and soft coaptation area. Loop technique is suitable technique for creation of multiple artificial chordae, especially in minimally invasive minithoracotomy setting. Loop-in-loop technique is a new technique to realize easy adjusting of the length of the neochordae using slippery Gore-Tex suture. Loop-in-loop technique helps surgeons to afford variety of mitral valve repair techniques and manage complex mitral valve pathologies.
Symmetry-based imaging condition in time reversed acoustics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Introduced in this paper is a new method of determining and investigating focal positions of time reversed elastic wave fields. This method exploits the temporally symmetric nature of time reversed acoustics focused signals as they are akin to the autocorrelation function of the forward propagation received signals. Contrasting this symmetry with the degree of asymmetry at regions away from the focal location provides details about the original source that cannot be retrieved when using other standard imaging conditions.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Synthetic GPI as a candidate anti-toxic vaccine in a model of malaria.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum infects 5-10% of the world's population and kills two million people annually. Fatalities are thought to result in part from pathological reactions initiated by a malarial toxin. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) originating from the parasite has the properties predicted of a toxin; however, a requirement for toxins in general and GPI in particular in malarial pathogenesis and fatality remains unproven. As anti-toxic vaccines can be highly effective public health tools, we sought to determine whether anti-GPI vaccination could prevent pathology and fatalities in the Plasmodium berghei/rodent model of severe malaria. The P. falciparum GPI glycan of the sequence NH(2)-CH(2)-CH(2)-PO(4)-(Man alpha 1-2)6Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-6Man alpha 1-4GlcNH(2)alpha 1-6myo-inositol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate was chemically synthesized, conjugated to carriers, and used to immunize mice. Recipients were substantially protected against malarial acidosis, pulmonary oedema, cerebral syndrome and fatality. Anti-GPI antibodies neutralized pro-inflammatory activity by P. falciparum in vitro. Thus, we show that GPI is a significant pro-inflammatory endotoxin of parasitic origin, and that several disease parameters in malarious mice are toxin-dependent. GPI may contribute to pathogenesis and fatalities in humans. Synthetic GPI is therefore a prototype carbohydrate anti-toxic vaccine against malaria. PMID: 12181569
High rate of popliteal artery injuries and limb loss in 96 knee dislocations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Knee dislocations are reported to have an incidence of popliteal artery injuries between 7% and 64%.The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of injuries to the popliteal artery as well as early limb loss in knee dislocations at a level-1 trauma hospital in South Africa.Methods: Twenty-eight patients with popliteal artery injuries were selected from a prospectively collected database of 96 patients with acute knee dislocations.The incidence of vascular injuries, compartment syndromes and limb loss was determined retrospectively.Results: Of 96 knee dislocations 28 had a popliteal artery injury (29.1%).Seven of 28 patients with popliteal artery injuries needed an amputation.Of the 28 patients, ten were documented as a threatened limb.Five of these ten patients (50%) needed an amputation.The documented median delay to revascularisation of patients who presented with threatened limbs was 10 hours. Conclusion:Overall, one-third of knee dislocations presented with a vascular injury.The prevalence of amputations in knee dislocations with associated popliteal artery injuries was 25% and increased to more than 50% in patients who presented with a threatened limb.
Solid Lubricant Coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Solid lubricants are those materials that can prevent metal-to-metal contact during sliding motion even in solid phase and reduce friction and wear. Solid lubricants are used in self-lubricating composites, either as fillers or as surface coatings. Solid lubricant coatings are in high demand for various applications, such as forming tools, bearings, gears and engine parts, since coating can improve machine efficiency and tribological properties and have an environmental impact. Solid lubricant coatings are essential to lubricate moving mechanical components that work in hostile environments and under extreme conditions such as ultra-high vacuum, high load, strong radiation, high temperature and ultra-low temperature, where liquid lubrication is not possible or is unable to prevent metal-to-metal contact. MX2 (X = S, Se, Te; and M = W, Mo, Nb, Ta) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are one of the solid lubricant materials that are nowadays used widely for industrial applications. Various coatings are discussed for the design of self-lubricating coatings which can be adapted to different environments.
The existing problems and countermeasures of hybrid rice seed germination energy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The hybrid rice seed germination energy is usually ignored and when encountering bad weather during seed soaking and sowing,it is easy to result in rot bud and seedling.This article has analyzed the reasons of bad germination energy and put forward methods to promote germination energy,such as arrange the seed production season properly according to local condition and intermission seed soaking.
Industrial Structure and Employment Structure Coordination In Viet Nam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A coordinated development between industrial structure and employment structure is indeed an important problem in every country. A reasonable industrial structure can promote the benign development of employment structure, the quality of employment structure has laid a solid foundation for the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. This paper uses discrete ratios of structure and the coordination coefficients of the industrial structure and employment structure to calculate Vietnam's industry structure and employment structure coordination for the period of 1995-2013. The results have shown that the Vietnamese industry structure and employment structure from 1995 to 2013 is in a state of imbalance. The overall coordination is bad. Coordination coefficients are showing obvious changes in volatility. Keywords: Industrial structure, Employment structure, Coordinate analysis
The Effect of Attitude towards Uncertainty and Perceived Contamination Cognition on Mental Status of Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In epidemics, nurses often work on the front line. Therefore, there is a need for studies on the factors affecting the mental states of nurses. This study was conducted to examine the effect of nurses' attitudes towards uncertainty and perceived contamination cognition on mental state during the coronavirus disease pandemic. The study was completed with 328 nurses who filled the data collection forms. Data were tested Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation tests. In the relational questions were used with simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The average age of the nurses participating in the study was 31.81 ± 7.69, and 84.1% of them were women. All of the participants worked actively during the coronavirus disease pandemic process and 75.0% of them provided care to patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease. Moreover, 68.6% of the participants defined the coronavirus disease pandemic process as frightening/worrying. It was determined that the nurses had high levels of depression, anxiety and stress. While the average score of intolerance of uncertainty was 41.83 ± 8.40, their contamination cognition was 80.34 ± 1.59. A positive relationship was found between intolerance of uncertainty and contamination cognition, depression, anxiety, and stress in nurses. A positive relationship was also determined between contamination cognitions and depression, anxiety, and stress.
Sphingomyelinase stimulates oxidant signaling to weaken skeletal muscle and promote fatigue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sphingomyelinase (SMase) hydrolyzes membrane sphingomyelin into ceramide, which increases oxidants in nonmuscle cells. Serum SMase activity is elevated in sepsis and heart failure, conditions where muscle oxidants are increased, maximal muscle force is diminished, and fatigue is accelerated. We tested the hypotheses that exogenous SMase and accumulation of ceramide in muscle increases oxidants in muscle cells, depresses specific force of unfatigued muscle, and accelerates the fatigue process. We also anticipated that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) would prevent SMase effects on muscle function. We studied the responses of C2C12 myotubes and mouse diaphragm to SMase treatment in vitro. We observed that SMase caused a 2.8-fold increase in total ceramide levels in myotubes. Exogenous ceramide and SMase elevated oxidant activity in C2C12 myotubes by 15–35% ( P < 0.05) and in diaphragm muscle fiber bundles by 58–120% ( P < 0.05). The SMase-induced increase in diaphragm oxidant activity was prevented by NAC. Exogenous ceramide depressed diaphragm force by 55% ( P < 0.05), while SMase depressed maximal force by 30% ( P < 0.05) and accelerated fatigue—effects opposed by treatment with NAC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SMase stimulates a ceramide-oxidant signaling pathway that results in muscle weakness and fatigue.
Asymmetric Synthesis Using Sulfinimines (N-Sulfinyl Imines)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sulfinimine-derived polyfunctionalized chiral building blocks, often prepared in one pot, provide efficient access, with a minimum of chemical manipulation, to enantiopure, multifunctional amine derivatives including piperidines and pyrrolidines. keywords: Alkaloids;amines;asymmetric synthesis; N-sulfinylimines;piperidine;pyrrolidine Acknowledgments This work was supported through grants from the National Institutes of General Medicinal Sciences (GM 57870 and 51982).
Enhanced-Performance 4K X 1 High-Speed SRAM Using Optically Defined Submicrometer Devices in Selected Circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An alternative method to coordinated scaling of overall device dmensions and structural parameters for increasing the bandwidth of static RAM's is described in this paper. This method recognizes that the signal flow through a SRAM is uniquely determined. Attention is focused on the delay in the I/O buffers and sense amplifier circuits, where 50 percent of the access time delay occurs. It is shown that the introduction of only 48 selectively scaled, submicrometer transistors in these circuits can improve the access time by 35 percent theoretically. Using an edge-defined technique which requires only standard optical lithography for insertion of the selectively scaled transistors, the address access time has been improved from 36 to 25 ns. This is a 31-percent access time improvement, with only a 17-percent increase in power.
Two distinct oncornaviruses harbor an intracytoplasmic tyrosine-based basolateral targeting signal in their viral envelope glycoprotein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been clearly established that the budding of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), a lentivirus, occurs specifically through the basolateral membrane in polarized epithelial cells. More recently, the signal was assigned to a tyrosine-based motif located in the intracytoplasmic domain of the envelope glycoprotein, as previously observed on various other viral and cellular basolateral proteins. In the present study, expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) or Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope glycoproteins was used for trans-complementation of an envelope-negative HIV-1. This demonstrated the potential of oncornaviral retrovirus envelope glycoproteins to confer polarized basolateral budding in epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK cells). Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of a common motif encompassing at least one crucial membrane-proximal intracytoplasmic tyrosine residue. The conservation of a similar basolateral maturation signal in different retroviruses further supports its importance in the biology of this group of viruses.
Article 4 & Human Trafficking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores why Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which states that ‘no one shall be held in slavery or servitude’ and that ‘no one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour’, should be the first right included into a proposed British Bill of Rights. In the UK, trafficking is developing into an ever- increasing problem and it is questionable as to whether the UK can improve and extend their current legislative provisions.
Comparison of Brooding and Reflection Rumination Between People With Depression and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background and Purpose: Rumination is one of the most significant symptoms of several mental illnesses. Rumination is classified into two brooding and reflection categories. Notwithstanding the prevalence of rumination, the discrimination between its subtypes among various clinical populations has been overlooked. Materials and Methods: In this comparative study, our sample size included 95 patients who were interviewed at a specialized health clinic in Sari City, Iran. For diagnosis, we applied structured clinical interviews, the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale, and the second version of the Beck depression inventory (BDI). To test our hypothesis, we used the ruminative response scale (RRS) which enabled us to divide ruminations into brooding and reflection. In the first step, the descriptive statistics of the research, including mean, standard deviation, and standard error of the mean were determined. An independent samples t test was conducted to determine whether people with major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) significantly differed in rumination subtypes. Results: Out of 95 participants, who entered the study, 50 people suffered from MDD, and 45 participants were diagnosed with OCD. For people with MDD, the mean±SD of the age of the participants was 31.62±6.94 years, while the age of the people with OCD was 32.11±6.37. Our independent samples t test analysis determined a significant difference in brooding between the groups (P<0.05). Nonetheless, the two groups did not show any difference in reflection. Conclusion: Considering the higher mean for brooding scores in people with MDD, it is concluded that this population is more likely to adopt this type of passive and maladaptive rumination as a regulatory strategy, which in turn prone depressed people to lower mood.