jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The significance of changes in platelet concentration during the early phase after severe burn injury in a Chinese mass casualty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Changes in platelet concentration are common in severe burn patients. Platelets play a key role in the course of disease. This study aims to explore the significance of platelet concentration during the course of the disease in victims of a mass burn casualty. Methods A total of 180 patients were involved in the “8.2” Kunshan explosion accident in China. The examined data included age, gender, total burn area (% TBSA), third-degree burn area (% TBSA), and platelet concentration within the first 5 days after the burn injury. The patients were divided into two groups according to four indicators (resuscitation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock). We collected several types of data for the patients and divided the patients into a complication group and non-complication group according to the diagnostic criteria. We analyzed the platelet concentration of the two groups using t tests to determine whether significant differences were present. P values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The group with successful resuscitation had higher platelet concentration than the failure group on day 3 and day 5. The patients who suffered from acute kidney injury (AKI) and septic shock had a lower platelet concentration than non-sufferers on day 3 and day 5. Conclusions The platelet concentration of burn patients can dynamically reflect the pathophysiological changes of the body. It can be used as an early objective indicator of prognosis in mass burn casualty cases.
Architecture and applications of a versatile small-cell, multi-service cloud radio access network using radio-over-fiber technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small-cell systems based on cloud radio access network (cloud-RAN) architecture have been proposed as promising solutions to meet the ever-increasing capacity demand of the next-generation wireless access networks. By centralizing the processing power to reduce the complexity of conventional cell sites, the cloud-RAN architecture is ideal for large-scale small-cell system at reduced capital and operational expenses. However, high-speed, flexible, and scalable backhaul links between the centralized baseband processing unit (BBU) and the remote antenna units (RAUs) are required to support the high throughput of the small-cell cloud-RANs, and the conventional approaches are based on digital baseband signal transmission in the backhaul links. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-service small-cell wireless access architecture based on radio-over-fiber (RoF) technologies. By utilizing analog radio frequency (RF) signal transmission in the optical backhaul links, the design of RAUs can be further simplified. In addition, by combing RoF with optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques, multiple bands, multiple services and multiple operators can coexist in a shared optical infrastructure without interference. To demonstrate the proposed system, two-operator coexistence in a shared small-cell cloud-RoF access network is implemented in an in-building testbed by using off-the-shelf optoelectronic components and commercialized WiMAX base stations and clients. In addition, the feasibility of delivering both conventional wireless services and future-proof high-RF-band services (millimeter-wave band) is also demonstrated in the proposed multi-service small-cell cloud-RoF access systems.
Non‐orthogonal cracks in a smeared finite element model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new model for handling non‐orthogonal cracks within the smeared crack concept is described. It is based on a decomposition of the total strain increment into a concrete and into a crack strain increment. This decomposition also permits a proper combination of crack formation with other non‐linear phenomena such as plasticity and creep and with thermal effects and shrinkage. Relations are elaborated with some other crack models that are currently used for the analysis of concrete structures. The model is applied to some problems involving shear failures of reinforced concrete structures such as a moderately deep beam and an axisymmetric slab. The latter example is also of interest in that it confirms statements that ‘reduced integration’ is not reliable for problems involving crack formation and in that it supports the assertion that identifying numerical divergence with structural failure may be highly misleading.
Folk Pedagogy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a survey of the computing education community, many respondents suggested "active learning" as a teaching approach that would increase the likelihood of student success. In light of these responses, we analyze the way in which active learning is described in the computing-education literature. We find a strong consensus that active learning is good, but a lack of precision in how the term is used, often without definition, to describe instructional techniques, rather than student learning. In addition, active learning techniques are often discussed as if they were all equally effective. We suggest that making clear distinctions, both between teaching techniques and active learning and among the teaching techniques, would be fruitful for both instructors and researchers. Finally, we propose some dimensions along which distinctions among techniques could usefully be made.
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-Α, INTERLUKIN-6, AND VISFATIN LEVELS IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH MALNUTRITION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Proinflammatory cytokine is associated with malnutrition status. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by nutritional deficiency. Visfatin is an adipokine with a strong correlation with inflammation. The relationships of TNF-α, IL-6 and visfatin are not consistent, and no study have investigated them in the older patients with malnutrition. Methods This prospective study included patients aged ≥ 75 years at the emergency department and all patients underwent Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) and blood tests for fasting plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and visfatin levels. Results We enrolled 106 older patients with a mean age of 87.3 years, including 43 (40.5%) patients in at risk of malnutrition group (MNA-SF between 8 to 11), 24 (22.6%) patients in the malnutrition group (MNA-SF &lt; 8), and 39 (36.7%) patients in normal group. Compared to the normal group, both at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition group had significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Furthermore, TNF-α was significantly higher in at risk of malnutrition group. In contrast, IL-6 was significantly higher in malnutrition group. Visfatin levels was not correlated to the malnutrition status. Both TNF-α and IL-6 negatively correlated with Barthel index and MMSE. Backward and stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the independent predictor for both at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition was MMSE. Conclusion The nutrition deficit status was correlated with proinflammatory cytokines, serum TNF-α and IL-6. The independent predictor of both at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition group was MMSE in older patients.
Comparison of Stress Distribution during Maxillary Protraction using Different Miniplate Diameters and Force Levels: A Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of the study is to compare the stress distribution pattern in maxilla and mandible during maxillary protraction with different miniplate diameters (1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5mm) of different miniimplant thread pitches (0.5 mm, 1mm, 1.5mm) using different intermaxillary elastics (2 N, 4 N, 6 N, 8 N).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A 3D finite element model of maxilla with miniplate at infrazygomatic buttress and mandible with miniplate at mandibular parasymphysis was prepared using Autocad software along with the plate geometry. The stress distributions and displacement were analyzed using Ansys software, in the form of Von Mises stress.
RESULTS:
In implant study, the Von Mises stress in bone (Mpa) of 2mm diameter implant with 1 mm pitch is 142 Mpa which was least compared to 0.5mm pitch is 170 Mpa and 1.5mm pitch is 233 Mpa. In skull study, when different forces of 2 N, 4N, 6N and 8N was applied, the maximum Von Mises stress of the skull of 2 mm implant diameter with 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5mm pitch was (18.454 Mpa, 18.47 Mpa and 18.344 Mpa), (18.465 Mpa, 18.492 Mpa and 18.244 Mpa), (18.388 Mpa, 18.43 Mpa and 18.086 Mpa), (18.272 Mpa, 18.324 Mpa and 17.883 Mpa) respectively which was similar compared to other two diameters.
CONCLUSION:
In implant study, when 1.5mm, 2mm and 2.5mm diameter implant of 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5mm pitch were compared, 2mm diameter of 1 mm pitch shows the least stress in bone. In skull study, 2 mm diameter minimplants showed similar stress distribution pattern in the maxilla and mandible regardless of pitch variants and different force application.
Ways to Tell Robots Where to Go - Directing Autonomous Robots Using Topological Instructions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents our attempts to direct an autonomous robot using efficient and universal topological instructions, which can be incrementally interpreted by a moving robot that does not have its own map initially. Many real-world experiments are included, featuring autonomous exploration and mapping. Surprisingly, we conclude and show that for this type of navigation, abilities in object recognition are more important than better mapping. The article describes a GVD-derived topology of spatial affordances, in which junctions are defined by the physical capabilities of the navigating robot. Similar to the extended GVD, our topology follows walls in open spaces to ensure robust edge transition so that all features can be modeled egocentcally. The specified wall-following distance is calculated to maximize the stability of the egocentrically modeled topology even when obstacle detection is intermittent.
Excess All-Cause Mortality and COVID-19 Reported Fatality in Iran (April 2013 - September 2021): Age and Sex Disaggregated Time Series Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Objective: The actual impact of the pandemic on COVID-19 specific mortality is still unclear due to the variability in access to diagnostic tools. This study aimed to estimate the excess all-cause mortality in Iran until September 2021 based on the national death statistics.Results: The autoregressive integrated moving average used to predict seasonal all-cause death in Iran (R-squared=0.45). We observed a 38.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.7%-40.1%) rise in the all-cause mortality from 22 June 2020 to 21 June 2021. The excess all-cause mortality per 100,000 population were 178.86 (95% CI: 137.2 - 220.5, M:F ratio = 1.3) with 49.1% of these excess deaths due to COVID-19. Comparison of spring 2019 and spring 2021 revealed that the highest percent increase in mortality was among men, aged 65-69 years old (77%) and women, aged 60-64 years old (86.8%). Moreover, the excess mortality among 31 provinces of Iran ranged from 109.7 (Hormozgan) to 273.2 (East-Azerbaijan) per 100,000 population. In conclusion, there was a significant rise in all-cause mortality during the pandemic. Since COVID-19 fatality explains about half of this rise, the rise in other causes of death and underestimation in reported data should be concerned by further studies.
SCHEME FOR STATE-INDEPENDENT TELEPORTATION BETWEEN TWO DISTANT ATOMS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a scheme for long-distance teleportation of an unknown atomic state between two atoms that are trapped separately in optical cavities. Our scheme is based on the effects of quantum statistics of indistinguishable photons emitted from the trapped atoms. In this scheme, the probability of success is independent of the state to be teleported. Moreover, in the Lamb-Dicke limit, the requirement of the simultaneous clicks of the detectors is not necessary.
Sustainable procurement implementation among public sector organisations in Ghana: The role of institutional isomorphism and sustainable leadership

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Developing nations face institutional impediments in the implementation of sustainable procurement strategies. However, in the right institutional environment, these countries can overcome any hindrance and successfully implement sustainable procurement strategies to promote economic growth and environmental stewardship. Accordingly, this study examines the role of institutional isomorphism (mimetic, coercive, and normative isomorphism) and sustainable leadership in sustainable procurement among public sector organisations (PSOs) in Ghana. The hypothesised relationships were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings support the role of isomorphism and sustainable leadership in sustainable procurement implementation. Specifically, coercive and mimetic isomorphic forces influence sustainable leadership significantly and positively. Second, coercive and mimetic isomorphic factors, as well as sustainable leadership, influence sustainable procurement practices. Based on these findings, we recommend that development partners make significant contributions to the green transition by applying coercive actions, such as threats of withdrawal of financial support for government budgets and policies. In addition, the findings of the study suggest that coercive and mimetic forces can foster a culture of ethical responsibility, by influencing leaders to make decisions that contribute to environmentally and socially responsible procurement activities.
Using Adhesive Micropatterns and AFM to Assess Cancer Cell Morphology and Mechanics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanical properties of living cells reflect their physiological and pathological state. In particular, cancer cells undergo cytoskeletal modifications that typically make them softer than healthy cells, a property that could be used as a diagnostic tool. However, this is challenging because cells are complex structures displaying a broad range of morphologies when cultured in standard 2D culture dishes. Here, we use adhesive micropatterns to impose the cell geometry and thus standardize the mechanics and morphologies of cancer cells, which we measure by atomic force microscopy (AFM), mechanical nanomapping, and membrane nanotube pulling. We show that micropatterning cancer cells leads to distinct morphological and mechanical changes for different cell lines. Micropatterns did not systematically lower the variability in cell elastic modulus distribution. These effects emerge from a variable cell spreading rate associated with differences in the organization of the cytoskeleton, thus providing detailed insights into the structure-mechanics relationship of cancer cells cultured on micropatterns. Combining AFM with micropatterns reveals new mechanical and morphological observables applicable to cancer cells and possibly other cell types.
Time Delay in Molecular Photoionization

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Manuscript & supplementary materials (.pdf), interactive figures (.fig) and data (.dat).
Update 30th June 2017: Added .dat files for full complex dipoles (N2 only).
Update 12th Feb 2017: Added PDF "Response to Comment on ``Time delays in molecular photoionization'': Extended Discussion & Technical Notes". This is the technical response to a recent comment on the original article (to be published in J. Phys. B). Arxiv 1612.00481.Interested readers can also consult https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3511731 for further background materials.
Update 11th July 2016: Added .dat files for Tw data (finally).
Update 1st June 2016: updated arxiv version of the manuscript. The published version can be found in J. Phys. B 49, 095602 (2016), doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/49/9/095602 (see link below).
Update 5th April 2016: added some additional notes on scattering theory & use of ePolyScat.
Update 9th Feb. 2016: angular line-outs added to Supplementary Material PDF.
Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources and Concentrations on CAM Photosynthesis in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. cv. Hikan plants were cultured in solutions containing 0-2, 1-0, 5-0 or 10 mM of nitrate or ammonium under a long-day photoperiod, some criteria of CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis (diurnal changes of C02 uptake, titratable acidity and malate content in leaves) were examined. The plants absorbed 90 to 100% of C02 during the light phase regardless of the supplied nitrogen. Nitrate-grown plants absorbed about 10% of C02 during the dark phase regardless of the supplied concentration, whereas in ammonium-grown plants the nocturnal C02 uptake occurred at 0 2 mM, at which the plants depleted nitrogen and no uptake was observed at the higher concentrations. Changes of nocturnal increase in titratable acidity and malate content almost corresponded with the changes in the amount of nocturnal C02 uptake. Also K. daigremontiana plants supplied with 10 mM of ammonium had a less CAM-like pattern of diurnal C02 uptake than the plants supplied with 10 mM of nitrate. These results suggest that a sufficient supply of ammonium depresses CAM photosynthesis.
Chorioamnionitis has no impact on immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of the late preterm delivery regardless of the membrane status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To compare the immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of late preterm delivery in women with histologically proven chorioamnionitis with and without preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods Fetal membranes were collected from 60 women who had late preterm delivery with histologic chorioamnionitis with and without PPROM (30 in each group). Immunohistochemistry for IL-6 was performed on formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. The two groups were matched for age, body mass index and parity. SPSS Version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results There was no difference in immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of women with histologic chorioamnionitis regardless of the membrane status. Conclusions Chorioamnionitis has no impact on immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of women with late preterm delivery despite the clinical presentation.
Efficient Recovery of Missing Events

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For various entering and transmission issues raised by human or system, missing events often occur in event data, which record execution logs of business processes. Without recovering the missing events, applications such as provenance analysis or complex event processing built upon event data are not reliable. Following the minimum change discipline in improving data quality, it is also rational to find a recovery that minimally differs from the original data. Existing recovery approaches fall short of efficiency owing to enumerating and searching over all of the possible sequences of events. In this paper, we study the efficient techniques for recovering missing events. According to our theoretical results, the recovery problem appears to be NP-hard. Nevertheless, advanced indexing, pruning techniques are developed to further improve the recovery efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that our minimum recovery approach achieves high accuracy, and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art technique for up to five orders of magnitudes improvement in time performance.
Species of Dacini Recorded from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua (West Papua, Central Papua, Papua), Associated Islands and Bougainville

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This chapter presents the species of Dacini recorded from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua (West Papua, Central Papua, Papua), associated islands and Bougainville. Some species have only been recorded from the former Irian Jaya (now Indonesian Papua = West Papua, Central Papua, Papua). Most species are distributed across mainland Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua, with some species endemic to islands in the Bismarck Archipelago. Records for Torres Strait Islands are only included for those located within the border of Papua New Guinea.
Correlation and High-Dimensional Consistency in Pattern Recognition

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Classical discriminant analysis breaks down when the feature vectors are of extremely high dimension; for example, when the basic observation is a random function observed over a fine grid. Alternative methods have been developed assuming a simplified form for the covariance structure. We analyze the high-dimensional asymptotics of some of these methods, emphasizing the effects of correlations such as occur when the baseline is random. For instance, the Euclidean distance classifier, which has been proposed for generic use in high-dimensional classification problems, is dimensionally inconsistent under a simple repeated measurement model. We provide exponential bounds for the error rates of several classifiers. We develop new dimensionally consistent methods to deal with the effects of correlation in high-dimensional problems.
Development of a Self-Report Measure of Outcome Expectancies for Crime

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract A group of 193 male inmates served as subjects for a study in which the development and initial validation of a 16-item self-report measure of outcome expectancies for crime (OEC) is detailed. Analyses produced internal consistency estimates (Cronbach alpha coefficient) of between .73 and .91 and 10-week test-retest stability correlations of between .40 and .48 for the five OEC scales (total positive, positive social, positive control, positive identity, negative). The total positive expectancies, positive social expectancies, and positive control expectancies scales were found to correlate with the Current and Historical Criminal Thinking scales of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS), while negative expectancies for crime were significantly lower in inmates evaluating the anticipated consequences of property crime relative to inmates assessing the expected outcomes of a violent or drug offense. Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of the OEC (positive social, positive control, positive identity, negative), while multidimensional scaling revealed that outcome expectancies for crime fall along a single dimension: positive-negative.