jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Are lipid mediators correlated to asthma features?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Persistent unresolved inflammation results in a number of pathologic respiratory diseases including asthma. Lipidomics is the most important branch of metabolomics that involves the identification and quantitative measurement of lipids of a biological object. Our study aims to assess the coorelations between pro-inflammatory mediators, pro-resolvant lipid mediators and endocannabinoids and asthma clinical and spirometric features. Methods: Cross sectional, mono-centric study, enrolling adult patients with stable asthma from November 2020 to November 2021. The mesurement of lipid mediators was done in plasma and induced sputum using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectometry (LC-MS-MS). Results: 41 patients were enrolled (mean age 47.45 ± 5.51 years ; sex ratio 0,52). Duration of asthma was negatively correlated to plasmatic 2-arachidonylglycerol and prostaglandin D2. Asthma control was positively correlated to 6-keto prostaglandin F1a in sputum and Alpha linolenicacid, palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide in plasma. FEV1 was negatively correlated to 7.17 OH DPA in plasma and Tiffeneau-index was negatively correlated to plasmatic prostalandin D2. The usage of high doses of inhaled glucocorticoids was correlated with lower rates of leukotrien C4 and F4 and lipoxin A4 in plasma wheras high doses of bronchodilatators was correlated with lower leukotrien C4 and lipoxin A4 in sputum. Conclusion: Inflammatory lipi dmediators, resolving lipid mediators and endocannabinoid rates seem to impact asthma characteristics and may provide a better undrestanding of the pathogeny of the disease.
Visualizing the selective localization of carbon nanotubes in immiscible polymer blends

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the migration mechanisms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in 80/20 polyvinylidenefloride/polystyrene (PVDF/PS) and 80/20 polyvinylidenefloride /polycaprolactone (PVDF/PCL) blends. We contrasted the migration of MWCNTs in a low‐viscosity, semi‐crystalline PCL phase versus that in a high‐viscosity, amorphous PS phase. With a 1 vol% loading of MWCNTs, the PVDF/PCL system required 54% higher processing work relative to the neat blend, while the PVDF/PS system required 360% higher work. A visualization system was used to capture the changes in the structure of the blend throughout the mixing process. The structural changes in the blend were correlated with the processing Work and the morphology through electron microscopy. Using the Young equation, for the PVDF/PCL blend, MWCNT is predicted to have a thermodynamic affinity to migrate to the interface, while preferring to remain in the PVDF phase for the PVDF/PS system. However, in practice, for the PVDF/PCL system, the MWCNTs are localized in the PCL phase, while the MWCNTs remained scattered between the PS and PVDF phases for the PVDF/PS system. The viscoelastic properties of the polymers, specifically the viscosity of the minor component, played a crucial role in the migration mechanism. Due to a better dispersion of MWCNTs, the rheological and electromagnetic properties of the PVDF/PCL system are significantly higher. Highlights In‐situ visualization of carbon nanotubes migration during blending. Examining the influence of viscosity of the blend on the migration of nanofiller. Correlating the torque of mixing to the morphology of blends.
Faster Domain Adaptation Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is widely acknowledged that the success of deep learning is built upon large-scale training data and tremendous computing power. However, the data and computing power are not always available for many real-world applications. In this paper, we address the machine learning problem where it lacks training data and limits computing power. Specifically, we investigate domain adaptation which is able to transfer knowledge from one labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain, so that we do not need much training data from the target domain. At the same time, we consider the situation that the running environment is confined, e.g., in edge computing the end device has very limited running resources. Technically, we present the Faster Domain Adaptation (FDA) protocol and further report two paradigms of FDA: early stopping and amid skipping. The former accelerates domain adaptation by multiple early exit points. The latter speeds up the adaptation by wisely skip several amid neural network blocks. Extensive experiments on standard benchmarks verify that our method is able to achieve the comparable and even better accuracy but employ much less computing resources. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few works which investigated accelerating knowledge adaptation in the community. This work is expected to inspire the topic for more discussion.
Global Stability of Humoral Immunity HIV Infection Models with Chronically Infected Cells and Discrete Delays

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the global stability of three HIV infection models with humoral immune response. We consider two types of infected cells: the first type is the short-lived infected cells and the second one is the long-lived chronically infected cells. In the three HIV infection models, we modeled the incidence rate by bilinear, saturation, and general forms. The models take into account two types of discrete-time delays to describe the time between the virus entering into an uninfected CD4 + T cell and the emission of new active viruses. The existence and stability of all equilibria are completely established by two bifurcation parameters,R0andR1. The global asymptotic stability of the steady states has been proven using Lyapunov method. In case of the general incidence rate, we have presented a set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the global stability of model. We have presented an example and performed numerical simulations to confirm our theoretical results.
Rapid and Digital Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Enabled by a Novel Portable Nanoplasmonic Imager

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sepsis is a critical health threat, and its survival strictly depends on early diagnosis. A novel portable biosensor based on nanoparticle-enhanced digital plasmonic imaging is reported for rapid and sensitive detection of two sepsis-related biomarkers, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein directly from blood senrm.
Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Tillage Practices on Rice Growth and Yield Parameters in Adamawa State Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sustainable and economically affordable irrigation and tillage practices are needed to increase rice production in Nigeria for the growing population. Experiments were conducted in a split plot design with three replications at Lake Geriyo Irrigation scheme farms in Yola, Nigeria. Three irrigation intervals (3, 6 and 9 days) and three tillage practices (zero, minimum and deep) were imposed on rice during the dry seasons of 2012 and 2013. Results indicated that both irrigation intervals and tillage practices had significant influence on growth parameters while; irrigation has the most influenced on yield attributes. Higher paddy yields (3834.57 and 3753.52 kg ha -1 ) and harvest index (45.10 and 44.89%) were recorded with 3 days irrigation interval closely followed by 6 days irrigation interval in both years respectively. Significant interactive effect was observed to be higher with 3 days irrigation interval and deep tillage on number of tillers and plant height, while straw weight and harvest index were higher with 3 days irrigation interval and zero tillage. Irrigation intervals of between 3 to 6 days with zero tillage for rice can conveniently reduce irrigation water and labour requirement with sustainable yields in the study area.
Anoxic ATP depletion in neonatal mice brainstem is prevented by creatine supplementation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND Sufficient ATP concentrations maintain physiological processes and protect tissue from hypoxic damage. With decreasing oxygen concentration, ATP synthesis relies increasingly on the presence of phosphocreatine. AIM The effect of exogenously applied creatine on phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations was studied under control and anoxic conditions. METHODS Pregnant mice were fed orally with creatine monohydrate (2 g/kg body weight/day). Brainstem slices from these mice pups were compared with those from pups of non-creatine supplemented pregnant mice. Measurements were performed under normoxic and anoxic conditions. In addition, brainstem slices from non-creatine treated mice pups were incubated for 3 hours in control artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n = 10) or in artificial CSF containing 200 μM creatine (n = 10). ATP and phosphocreatine contents were determined enzymatically in single brainstem slices. RESULTS ATP concentrations were in the same range in all preparations. However, there was a significant increase of phosphocreatine in the brainstems from pups of creatine fed mice when compared with the brainstems of pups from non-creatine treated mice or in non-incubated brainstems of control animals. After 30 minutes anoxia, ATP as well as phosphocreatine concentrations remained significantly higher in creatine pretreated slices compared with controls. CONCLUSION The data indicate that exogenous application of creatine is effective in neuroprotection.
HOW IS FACEBOOK BEING USED FOR EDUCATIONAL USE IN TWO MPUMALANGA SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Facebook has witnessed enormous transformation since its onset. It developed rapidly and started being used widely in and outside the school environment. According to Wang et al. (2011), “Facebook is a popular social networking site, like many other new technologies, has potential for teaching and learning because of its unique built-in function that offer pedagogical, social and technological affordances. Several studies asserting the field of social networking sites (SNS) in education have acknowledged that the use of SNSs within the educational context of the secondary school level is an under explored area. \nTriangulation of (qualitative and quantitative) methodologies was applied to investigate how Facebook is being used for teaching and learning in two secondary schools in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The two schools have created their Facebook groups for learning, and both schools encourage their learners to visit various Facebook groups for learning purposes. \nTeachers use Facebook groups for: administration, classroom announcements, to respond to learner questions, and when they want to motivate learners to collaborate on issues of mutual concern. Often in the classroom, teachers share through the significant affordances of Facebook and participation in this group by the learners is voluntary. Questionnaire, interviews and Facebook page data were categorized into themes to interpret the results. \nThe findings reveal that learners in Grade 11 and 12 used Facebook for socializing, knowledge exchange and collaboration. Through Facebook, teachers are able to get to know learners challenges while the more reserved learners find comfort in this mode of learning.
Reinforcement learning-based method for autonomous navigation of mobile robots in unknown environments: an experimental demonstration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a subset of machine learning that deals with learning decisions from rewards given by the environment. The model classic reinforcement learning algorithms are usually applied to small sets of states and an action. However, in real applications, the state spaces are of a large-scale, and this causes the problems in the generalisation and dimensionality. In this research, the authors integrate neural network with reinforcement learning method to generalise the value of all the states. The simulation results on the Gazebo and experiment results software framework show the feasibility of the model proposed method algorithm. The robot can safely navigate in an unprotected work environment and becomes a truly intelligent system with the ability to learn and adapt itself to the model.
ARTICLES: BIOCATALYSTS AND BIOREACTOR DESIGN A Methodology for the Comparative Evaluation of Alternative Bioseparation Technologies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advances in upstream technologies and growing commercial demand have led to cell culture processes of ever larger volumes and expressing at higher product titers. This has increased the burden on downstream processing. Concerns regarding the capacity limitations of packed-bed chromatography have led process engineers to begin investigating new bioseparation techniques that may be considered as ‘‘alternatives’’ to chromatography, and which could potentially offer higher processing capacities but at a lower cost. With the wide range of alternatives, which are currently available, each with their own strengths and inherent limitations, coupled with the time pressures associated with process development, the challenge for process engineers is to determine which technologies are most worth investigating. This article presents a methodology based on a multiattribute decision making (MADM) analysis approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data, which can be used to determine the ‘‘industrial attractiveness’’ of bioseparation technologies, accounting for trade-offs between their strengths and weaknesses. By including packed-bed chromatography in the analysis as a reference point, it was possible to determine the alternatives, which show the most promise for use in large-scale manufacturing processes. The results of this analysis show that although the majority of alternative techniques offer certain advantages over conventional packed-bed chromatography, their attractiveness overall means that currently none of these technologies may be considered as viable alternatives to chromatography. The methodology introduced in this study may be used to gain significant quantitative insight as to the key areas in which improvements are required for each technique, and thus may be used as a tool to aid in further technological development.
A Possible Case of Centronuclear Myopathy: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital myopathies (CMs) are a group of diseases that primarily affect the muscle fiber, especially the contractile apparatus and the different components that condition its normal functioning. They present as muscle weakness and hypotonia at birth or during the first year of life. Centronuclear CM is characterized by a high incidence of nuclei located centrally and internally in muscle fibers. Clinical case: a 22-year-old male patient with symptoms of muscle weakness since early childhood, with difficulty in performing physical activity according to his age, with the presence of a long face, a waddling gait, and a global decrease in muscle mass. Electromyography was performed, showing a neurogenic pattern and not the expected myopathic one, neuroconduction with reduced amplitude of the motor potential of the peroneal nerve and axonal and myelin damage of the posterior tibial nerves. The microscopic study of the studied striated muscle fragments stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome showed the presence of fibers with central nuclei, diagnosing CM. The patient meets most of the description for CM, with involvement of all striated muscles, although it is important to note the neurogenic pattern present in this case, due to the denervation of damaged muscle fibers, which contain terminal axonal segments. Neuroconduction shows the involvement of motor nerves, but with normal sensory studies, axonal polyneuropathy is unlikely, due to normal sensory potentials. Different pathological findings have been described depending on the mutated gene in this disease, but all coincide with the presence of fibers with central nuclei for diagnosis by this means, which is so important in institutions where it is not possible to carry out genetic studies, and allowing early specific treatment, according to the stage through which the patient passes.
The Consensus Project and Three Levels of Deliberation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The basic argument is that the consensus debate has not been very meaningful until now because consensus has not been closely studied as a concept, and deliberation has not been studied precisely in terms of the propensity to reach common agreement. In particular, deliberation — as well as issues for deliberation — has not been categorized into different levels with a view to exposing the varying challenges of reaching common agreement and the kinds of deliberative approaches entailed in each category. In this research, I attempt to provide this categorization in order to clarify the debate.
Reactivity of transition-metal alloys to oxygen and sulfur

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Oxidation and tarnishing are the two most common initial steps in the corrosive process of metals at ambient conditions. These are always initiated with O and S binding to a metallic surface, so that one can use the binding energy as a rough proxy for the metal reactivity. With this in mind, we present a systematic study of the binding energy of O and S across the entire transition-metals composition space, namely we explore the binding energy of {\bf 88} single-phase transition metals and of {\bf 646} transition-metal binary alloys. The analysis is performed by defining a suitable descriptor for the binding energy. This is here obtained by fitting several schemes, based on the original Newns-Anderson model, against density-functional-theory data for the 4$d$ transition metal series. Such descriptor is then applied to a vast database of electronic structures of transition-metal alloys, for which we are able to predict the range of binding energies across both the compositional and the structural space. Finally, we extend our analysis to ternary transition-metal alloys and identify the most resilient compounds to O and S binding.
Medbh McGuckian: The Poetics of Exemplarity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is the first monograph wholly devoted to the poetry of Medbh McGuckian and it presents pathways into her work that have thus far remained largely unexplored. The chapters examine the ways in which McGuckian uses literary exemplars to explore the psychodramas of female literary authorship and ways of approaching issues of memory, trauma and elegiac remembrance. This monograph provides an excellent introduction to McGuckian’s poetry and argues that her work self-reflexively presents a deeply felt belief in the primacy (and efficacy) of poetry in the modern world.
Thermo-chemical treatment of PM materials with carbon and nitrogen

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Coarse grained WC–9Co cemented carbides with 0–1.0% TaC (mass fraction) were fabricated by HIP-sintering and gas quenching. The effects of TaC on the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and mechanical properties tests. The results show that the maximum values of hardness and strength are HV 1124 and 2466 MPa respectively when 0.4% TaC is added. When the content of TaC is more than 0.6%, the grain size of WC is no longer affected by the amount of TaC, and (W,Ta)C occurs as well. Moreover, the strength and fracture toughness increase and the (Ta+W) content decreases with the increase of TaC content. The dependence of (Ta+W) content on the mechanical properties indicates that (Ta+W) content in Co should be decreased as low as possible to improve the mechanical properties of coarse grained WC–TaC–9Co cemented carbides with the microstructure of WC+γ two phase regions.
A realtime pattern generator for biped walking

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For real-time walking control of a biped robot, we analyze the dynamics of a three-dimensional inverted pendulum whose motions are constrained onto an arbitrarily defined plane. This analysis leads us a simple linear dynamics, the Three-Dimensional Linear Inverted Pendulum Mode (3D-LIPM). Geometric nature of trajectories under the 3D-LIPM is discussed, and an algorithm for walking pattern generation is presented. Experimental results of real-time walking control of a 12-DOF biped robot HRP-2L using an input device such as a game pad are also shown.
Participating in the Protest Activities and "Cultural Bases" of Movements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

最近の社会運動研究において,人々の不満などの運動にかかわる認知的な側面の議論には,「文化的フレーミング」という概念が広く使われている。運動がどのようにすれば拡大するのかという実践的な関心を伴い,運動体とその指導者側が提示する「フレーム」の戦略的優位性についての議論が多くなされてきた。しかしながらこれらの議論は,フレームの受け手側の分析を欠いた議論であり,結果として動員された事象を対象とし,運動体とその指導者側の「効果的なフレーミング」の結果,支持者の動員が可能になったという説明をしている。本稿では,このようなトートロジカルな議論を回避するために,運動体側から投企されるフレームと,そのフレームの受け手の「文化的基盤」との「提携」という図式を用いる。北海道札幌市・江別市における都市近郊の環境運動を事例にして,投企されたフレームと,受け手の集合的記憶,組織文化,集合的アイデンティティといった運動の「文化的基盤」との関係を実証的に検証することによって,なぜ複数の人々が抗議活動に参加したのかという問いに対して文化的な説明を試みる。
[Chiral switch: pure enantiomers of drugs instead of racemic mixtures].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chirality of drugs, particularly the comparison of efficacy of enantiomers and their racemic mixtures, has become an object of serious interest of pharmaceutical researchers in recent ten or fifteen years. Advances in chemical technologies connected with the synthesis, separation, and analysis of pure enantiomers from racemates, together with administrative regulatory measures, have resulted in an increase in the number of newly registered chiral drugs containing only one of the enantiomers. Besides new chemical entities, many "old" racemates are being re-evaluated as potentially new sources of pure enantiomers which should improve the therapeutic profile of the drug. Due to this replacement of a racemic mixture with a pure enantiomer, the literature lists both drugs containing a racemate and drugs containing only one of the enantiomers. Nevertheless, the required therapeutic effect is not always achieved, and unexpected undesirable effects have also occurred. The paper summarizes therapeutic and economic problems concerning chiral switch drugs.