jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fast Deployment of a UWB-Based IPS for Emergency Response Operations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A wide range of applications from multiple sectors already use ultra-wideband (UWB) technology to locate and track assets precisely. This is not the case, however, for first responder localization during emergency response (ER) operations, which are highly conditioned by procedural and environmental constraints. After analyzing these limitations and reviewing the current state-of-the-art solutions, this work presents a UWB-based indoor positioning system (IPS) that relies on the global navigation satellite system real-time kinematic (GNSS-RTK) technology to quickly, accurately, and safely deploy its required infrastructure on site. A set of tests conducted on a two-story building prove the suitability of such a system, providing an average accuracy of less than 1 meter for static targets and the ability to faithfully reproduce the path followed by a mobile target inside the building. The obtained results strengthen the presented approach and pave the way for more sophisticated UWB-based IPSs that would include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and/or mobile robots to speed up network deployment even more while offering additional ER services.
A survey of persons certified in clinical engineering and their thoughts on the profession.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A questionnaire was sent to 346 persons certified in clinical engineering (CCEs) worldwide. An impressive 72% return revealed the following: 57% of the CCEs are employed by hospitals, 15% by manufacturers, and 12% by academic institutions; 13% are consultants in private practice. Half of them have been with their current employer for over 9 years; their average age is 44.3 years. Thirty-six percent left hospitals for their present jobs. The median salary of the hospital-based CCEs was in the range of +40,000-45,000/year, whereas that of their non-hospital counterparts was in the range of +50,000-55,000/year. Of the nonhospital CCEs, 25% earned over +70,000/year, while only 3% of the hospital CCEs earned salaries in this category. The mean age of the hospitals CCEs is, however, 4.8 years less than that of the non-hospital CCEs. Although some comments on the profession were particularly critical, the respondents believed strongly that clinical engineering remains a viable career choice and has contributed significantly to health care. Underutilization of clinical engineering talents, particularly in the hospital setting, continues to be the predominate concern and greatest source of job-related frustration.
Clay Science and Technology

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This book presents the state-of-the-art results of synthesis, characterization, modification, and technological applications of clays, clay minerals, and materials based on clay minerals, such as polymer–clay nanocomposites and clay hybrids. It also presents some important results obtained in the broad area of clays and clay materials characterization. Moreover, this book provides a comprehensive account of polymer and biopolymer–clay nanocomposites, the use of clay as adsorption materials of industrial pollutants, the ceramic industry, and the physical–chemical aspects of aqueous dispersions of clay and clay minerals. This book is beneficial for students, teachers, and researchers who are interested in expanding their knowledge about the use of clays in a diverse range of fields, including nanotechnology, biotechnology, environmental science, industrial remediation, pharmaceuticals, and so on.
Two New Species and a New Variety in the Genus Arachnophroctonus (Hymenoptera: Psammocharidae) With Photomicrographs of the Genitalia and Subgenital Plate for the Genus and for Several Other Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arachnophroctonus is used here as characterized by Evans (1951) in his monograph, except that I accord it generic rank, while Evans considers it to be a subgenus of Anoplius. In this sense the genus includes those species previously included in Psdmmochares (Pompilus) which have stout, backward directed bristles on the pygidium of the female, amd which have all the claws cleft in the male. Evans states that an invarible character in separating this genus is that the basal vein is either insterstitial or the transverse median meets the media slightly before the basal. Evans did an excellent job in removing the confusion existing in this group and the writer agrees with him fully in his presentation of the genus, except in a few minor cases. Two new species and a new variety, however, were discovered in my study of this family and the descriptions follow. Photomicrographs of the male genitalia and subgenital plates of all the species are presented, as welI as Anoplius depressipes Banks (figs. 5, 10), A. fulgidus (Cr.) (figs. 20, 27), (which were not available when the paper (Dreisbach, 1950) on that genus was published) and also Anopliodes parsoni Banks (figs. 21, 22). In comparing the drawings in Evans' paper with the photomicrographs, certain differences are noticeable. In the case of Anopliodes parsoni the errors which arise in making drawings (in spite of great care) are very evident. The parapenial lobes seem to be almost as long as aedeagus in the photo and somewhat heavier than in drawing, while thie parameres have almost parallel sides whereas the drawing shows them becoming narrower from base to tip. Also, the drawings of the subgenital plates of A. americanus and A. apiculatus groups do not quite agree with the photos.
Graphite Carbon Nitride Accelerating Interfacial Electron Transfer of Defect-Rich TiO2 for N2 Photofixation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photocatalytic N2 fixation reaction still faces high N2 activation energy barriers and inefficient electron transfer efficiency, limiting the overall ammonia yield of semiconductors. This communication reports on the construction of an organic/inorganic g-C3N4/oxygen vacancy-enriched TiO2 (g-C3N4/TiO2-OV) composite system via the annealing treatment in an H2/Ar mixed atmosphere for enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation activity. After illumination for 4 h, g-C3N4/TiO2-OV with 1 wt% g-C3N4 loading demonstrates the optimal ammonia yield of 31.6 μmol L−1. This study demonstrates the existence of oxygen vacancies on the TiO2 surface through EPR while also investigating the carrier separation and transport efficiency of the material using photoelectric characterization. The experimental results indicate that the introduction of OVs into TiO2 serves as Lewis acid sites, facilitating N2 adsorption. Moreover, the lower onset potential and higher current density of g-C3N4/TiO2-OV composites indicate that the construction of the heterojunction composite significantly decreases the interfacial charge recombination and N2 activation energy barrier, effectively improving the ammonia yield towards N2 photo-reduction. This work emphasizes the importance of rational tailoring of TiO2-based photocatalysts in the field of N2 fixation.
Untrained Physically Informed Neural Network for Image Reconstruction of Magnetic Field Sources

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The prediction of measurement outcomes from an underlying structure often follows directly from fundamental physical principles. However, a fundamental challenge is posed when trying to solve the inverse problem of inferring the underlying source configuration based on measurement data. A key difficulty arises from the fact that such reconstructions often involve ill-posed transformations and that they are prone to numerical artifacts. Here, we develop a numerically efficient method to tackle this inverse problem for the reconstruction of magnetization maps from measured magnetic stray-field images. Our method is based on neural networks with physically inferred loss functions to efficiently eliminate common numerical artifacts. We report on a significant improvement in reconstruction over traditional methods and we show that our approach is robust to different magnetization directions, both in and out of plane, and to variations of the magnetic field measurement-axis orientation. While we showcase the performance of our method using magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond, our neural-network-based approach to solving inverse problems is agnostic to the measurement technique and thus is applicable beyond the specific use case demonstrated in this work. </p>
The Exercise-Health Paradigm

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Multiple studies have evinced a curvilinear relationship between the volume of exercise a person undertakes and the concomitant health outcome, with the greatest benefits accruing when sedentary individuals undertake at least a modicum of physical activity. Motorised transport enabled man to move from one location to another without needing to expend physical energy. The model for human physical activity patterns was established not in gymnasia, athletic fields, or exercise physiology laboratories, but by natural selection acting over eons of evolutionary experience. Movement-based activities remained a significant feature of daily life in Western societies until the technological advancements that characterised the industrial revolution during the 18th and 19th centuries changed irrevocably the relationship between physical activity and lifestyle. Technological innovation has created a high-tech, sedentary, urban society in which only a minimal expenditure of energy above resting level is required to meet the demands of daily life.
Development and introduction of a decision support system. A case study of an econometric corporate financial model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

De ontwikg.j.o.d.dikkerskeling van een ondernemingsmodel is ter hand genomen om het inzicht in de toekomstige ontwikkeling van de financiele gang van zaken van de onderneming te verbeteren. Voorts moet het model de bedrijfsleiding een middel verschaffen om beslissingen over de inzet van produktiemiddelen te ondersteunen. ... Zie: Abstract in Dutch
Spurious hypertriglyceridaemia in unconscious patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Routine biochemical investigation of one patient admitted with a diagnosis of CVA as mentioned in the requisition revealed high hypertriglyceridaemia in a non-lipemic serum for the first time. Later, after scrutiny of the case sheet in the ward, it was found that apart from other management, blood was drawn about 90 minutes after administration of 4th dose of oral glycerol through nasogastric tube and sent to the laboratory. This was suspected to be the probable cause. In order to find out the degree of interference in blood sample, a small amount of glycerol was brought from the ward to experiment.Methods: Glycerol was initially diluted to 1 in 100 in distilled water and then artificially mixed in various dilutions with pooled serum from indoor patients and pooled heparinized plasma from outdoor patients. These samples were subjected to triglycerides estimation while routine analyses were going on.Results: A concentration of about 13,50,500 mg/dl falsely measured triglycerides was found in glycerol solution. This needed a dilution of 1 in 1500 for distilled water, serum and plasma which had 0, 190 and 113 mg/dl triglycerides respectively to bring the level to near the highest range of linearity. The recovery of added glycerol in distilled water was almost 100% but there was some positive bias more with plasma than serum.Conclusions: The spurious hypertriglyceridaemia in serum resulted from positive interference due to temporary high glycerolaemia by the commonly employed GPO-PAP method for its measurement and would cause the same depending on glycerol level.
The Miracle of Microfinance? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reports results from the randomized evaluation of a group-lending microcredit program in Hyderabad, India. A lender worked in 52 randomly selected neighborhoods, leading to an 8.4 percentage point increase in takeup of microcredit. Small business investment and profits of preexisting businesses increased, but consumption did not significantly increase. Durable goods expenditure increased, while “temptation goods” expenditure declined. We found no significant changes in health, education, or women's empowerment. Two years later, after control areas had gained access to microcredit but households in treatment area had borrowed for longer and in larger amounts, very few significant differences persist. (JEL G21, G31, O16, O12, L25, I38)
Effects of cost adjustment on travel mode choice: analysis and comparison of different logit models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Residence mode choice behavior is affected by various factors, and research on the effects of travel cost would give valuable guidance in making cost-related travel demand management policy. Logit models are widely used in mode choice analysis and this paper estimates three kinds of logit models, namely MNL, NL and ML, to choose the most suitable one in analyzing cost adjustment affection. Estimation results show that market shares of car and PT interact obviously given cost change. 10% decrease of PT cost seems to have a better promoting effect of PT share increase than 10% increase of car cost.
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endothelial Alteration in Patients with Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), having a direct effect in promoting the progression and rupture of vulnerable coronary plaques. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory biomarkers and the type of ACS (ST-elevation myocardial infarction – STEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction – NSTEMI, or unstable angina – UA) in patients with confirmed heart failure. Material and Methods: This study included a total of 266 patients admitted to the Clinical Department of Cardiology of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Târgu Mureș – Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) for ACS of various types (UA, NSTEMI or STEMI) between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020, in whom the diagnosis of heart failure was established based on clinical and paraclinical data. From the total number of patients, 36 were hospitalized for UA and 230 for MI, of which 165 were STEMI and 65 were NSTEMI. Results: Only hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in MI compared to UA. Mean hs-CRP was 4.9 ± 4.5 mg/mL in patients with UA vs. 20.4 ± 42.2 mg/mL in patients with MI (p = 0.001), and mean IL-6 was 7.2 ± 13.8 pg/mL in UA vs. 31.6 ± 129.2 pg/mL in MI (p <0.0001). ICAM seems to have had a greater discriminating power between STEMI and other types of ACS in those with heart failure, having a value more than double in those with STEMI (216.1 ± 149.6 ng/mL vs. 448.2 ± 754.4 ng/mL, p <0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with heart failure, the increase of inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP is associated with the development of an acute myocardial infarction but not with its type. Adhesion molecules, especially ICAM, are elevated in patients with STEMI compared to other types of ACS, indicating a potential role of endothelial alteration in the development of an ACS when it adds to systemic inflammation linked to heart failure.
Experimental analysis of a test vehicle in terms of exergetic potentials and retroactive effects on the vehicle system at the integration of thermoelectric generators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Die Rekuperation von Abwärmeströmen mittels Thermoelektrischer Generatoren (TEG) ist eine vielversprechende Technologie zur Verbrauchsreduktion verbrennungsmotorisch betriebener Fahrzeuge. Am Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) werden solche Generatoren entwickelt und in die Fahrzeugarchitektur integriert und getestet. \nIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst von der Analyse der energetischen und exergetischen Potentiale unterschiedlicher Einbaupositionen und Fahrzustände berichtet. Diese wurden auf Basis von experimentellen Untersuchungen der thermodynamischen Zustände von Abgas und Kühlwasser bestimmt. In einem weiteren Schritt wurden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen TEG und Fahrzeugsystem genauer untersucht, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf den Auswirkungen von Abgasgegendruck und elektrischer Leistungseinspeisung auf den Kraftstoffverbrauch lag. Um dabei die jeweiligen Einflüsse isoliert voneinander und in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung betrachten zukönnen wurde repräsentativ für den TEG eine Abgasklappe bzw. ein externes elektrisches Netzteil verwendet. \nDarüberhinaus wird von der Entwicklung zweier TEG-Funktionsmuster berichtet, anhand derer ein Fortschritt in Richtung Industrialisierung der TEG-Komponente aufgezeigt werden konnte. \n
Bringing Breakfast to Our Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The relationship between breakfast consumption and academic success has been extensively studied over the past 30 years. Despite the wide availability of school breakfast programs and the preponderance of evidence that breakfast consumption has positive effects on a student’s ability to learn and function in the school setting, many students do not eat breakfast. A survey of students at a large Midwestern high school identified the main barriers to breakfast consumption as not having enough time in the morning to eat and not feeling hungry before school. A program that included extending breakfast cafeteria hours and providing a mobile cart that served a complete school breakfast during students’ morning study hall classes was implemented. By the end of the school year, average daily school breakfast participation increased by more than 400%. In a student survey conducted 6 months after implementation of the program, more than a quarter of the students reported purchasing food from the cart.
Reasons behind the participation in biomedical research: a brief review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Clinical research is essential for the advancement of Medicine, especially regarding the development of new drugs. Understanding the reasons behind patients' decision of participating in these studies is critical for the recruitment and retention in the research. OBJECTIVES: To examine the decision-making of participants in biomedical research, taking into account different settings and environments where clinical research is performed. Methods: A critical review of the literature was performed through several databases using the keywords: "motivation", "decision", "reason", "biomedical research", "clinical research", "recruitment", "enrollment", "participation", "benefits", "altruism", "decline", "vulnerability" and "ethics", between August and November 2013, in English and in Portuguese. RESULTS: The review pointed out that the reasons can be different according to some characteristics such as the disease being treated, study phase, prognoses and socioeconomic and cultural environment. Access to better health care, personal benefits, financial rewards and altruism are mentioned depending on the circumstances. CONCLUSION: Finding out more about individuals' reasons for taking part in the research will allow clinical investigators to design studies of greater benefit for the community and will probably help to remove undesirable barriers imposed to participation. Improving the information to health care professionals and patients on the benefits and risks of clinical trials is certainly a good start.
Educational Intervention for Clinical Judgment Skills

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Because nurses need to handle a broad range of issues related to patients' health status, it is necessary to make reliable and sound clinical judgments for professional accountability and the patients' safety. Method: A quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design with a control group was used to study the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the clinical judgment skills of 80 RNs from two district hospitals. The change in clinical judgment skills during a 6-week period was evaluated using a complex case-based scenario after the completion of the educational intervention. Results: The mean scores of clinical judgment skills of the experimental group had significantly improved from 24.15 ± 6.92 to 47.38 ± 7.20. ( p < .001). However, only a slight change was seen in mean scores for the control group (23.80 ± 5.77 to 26.50 ± 6.53). Conclusion: The educational intervention was effective postintervention. Continuing nursing education using a traditional and case-based method is recommended to improve clinical judgment skills in clinical settings. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2017;48(8):347–352.
Effect of exercise referral schemes upon health and well-being: initial observational insights using individual patient data meta-analysis from the National Referral Database

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To examine if exercise referral schemes (ERSs) are associated with meaningful changes in health and well-being in a large cohort of individuals throughout England, Scotland, and Wales from the National Referral Database. Methods Data were obtained from 23 731 participants from 13 different ERSs lasting 6 weeks to 3 months. Changes from pre- to post-ERS in health and well-being outcomes were examined including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)), resting heart rate (RHR), short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Exercise Related Quality of Life scale (ERQoL), and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES). Two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis was used to generate effect estimates. Results Estimates (95% CIs) revealed statistically significant changes occurred compared with point nulls for BMI (−0.55 kg.m 2 (−0.69 to −0.41)), SBP (−2.95 mmHg (−3.97 to −1.92)), SWEMWBS (2.99 pts (1.61 to 4.36)), WHO-5 (8.78 pts (6.84 to 10.63)), ERQoL (15.26 pts (4.71 to 25.82)), and ESES (2.58 pts (1.76 to 3.40)), but not RHR (0.22 f c (−1.57 to 1.12)) or DBP (−0.93 mmHg (−1.51 to −0.35)). However, comparisons of estimates (95% CIs) against null intervals suggested the majority of outcomes may not improve meaningfully. Conclusions We considered whether meaningful health and well-being changes occur in people who are undergoing ERSs. These results demonstrate that, although many health and well-being outcomes improved, the changes did not achieve meaningful levels. This suggests the need to consider the implementation of ERSs more critically to discern how to maximise their effectiveness.
Rapid detection of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus by antibody macroarray

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV)is one of the most important viruses in cucurbit crops.Development and application of accurate and easy methods of CGMMV detection is essential for the prevention and control of associated diseases.An antibody macroarray procedure was developed and its usefulness for the detection of CGMMV was demonstrated in this study.The macroarray assay was based on a‘sandwich'ELISA format,using a chromogenic dye,and consists of viral antibodies dotted directly on nitrocellulose membrane(NCM).Using the conventional immunoassay ELISA technique as a benchmark,the optimized procedure was used to detect CGMMV.The results indicated that good reaction signals were based on coating antibody dilution factor 1∶5,sample incubated 1hat 20℃,enzyme-linked antibody incubated 1hat 20℃,substrate chromogenic reacted 15 min at 20℃.This method was further validated by testing 50 lots of melon seeds,the coincidence rate was 98.0% between the results of antibody macroarray and that of ELISA.The results indicate that the developed antibody macroarray is sensitive and easy to use for diagnosis.