jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and morphological evaluation of dens invaginatus with associated palatogingival groove in maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography: A retrospective study on an Eastern Indian cohort

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION . Developmental anomalies like dens invaginatus (DI) and palatogingival groove (PGG) increase susceptibility to pulpal and periradicular diseases, complicating root canal treatment. Advanced imaging modalities such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provide enhanced visualization, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. AIM . This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of DI and associated PGG in maxillary anterior teeth among an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS . A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 586 CBCT scans recorded for clinical purposes, of which 228 met the inclusion criteria. CBCT images were analyzed for DI and associated PGG using Oehler’s and Gu’s classifications. Data were statistically analyzed, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS . DI was observed in 33 teeth (2.41%), predominantly in lateral incisors (6.14%). Oehler’s Type I was the most common variant (78.8%). PGG was present in 8 teeth (24.24%), all of which classified as Gu’s Type I in the teeth where DI was detected. Unilateral involvement of DI (56.5%) was more frequent than bilateral involvement (43.5%). No significant gender differences were noted for DI or PGG prevalence. CONCLUSIONS . The prevalence of DI and associated PGG highlights the need for advanced diagnostic tools like CBCT to facilitate early detection and management. CBCT’s three-dimensional imaging capabilities are indispensable for diagnosing these anomalies and improving treatment outcomes.
Association of TyG index with aortic valve calcification in valvular heart disease patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In recent years, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, as a popular metabolic index, has been proposed as an alternative index of insulin resistance, and it has been proved to be associated with many cardiovascular diseases, but the relationship between it and aortic valve calcification is still unknown. Methods A total of 450 aortic valve disease patients were enrolled in this study, including 361 patients with aortic valve calcification (AVC) (calcification group) and 89 patients without (control group). According to the severity of AVC, patients with AVC included severe calcification, moderate calcification and low calcification. The TyG index was calculated based on fasting triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels. Results The TyG index in the calcification group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P &lt; .05), and with the increase of the degree of calcification, the TyG index showed an increasing trend. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed TyG index has a high predictive value for the presence of AVC (OR (95% CI): 1.743 (1.036–2.933)) and severe AVC (OR (95% CI): 1.608 (1.143–2.262)). In assessing the predictive value of the TyG index distribution width for AVC, with the first quartile as a reference, the last quartile of the TyG index had significant predictive value for the presence of AVC and severe AVC. Conclusions TyG index was significantly associated with the presence and severity of AVC, suggesting that TyG index may be a valid predictor of AVC.
Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of insect transferrins suggest that only transferrin 1 has a role in iron homeostasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Iron is essential to life, but surprisingly little is known about how iron is managed in nonvertebrate animals. In mammals, the well‐characterized transferrins bind iron and are involved in iron transport or immunity, whereas other members of the transferrin family do not have a role in iron homeostasis. In insects, the functions of transferrins are still poorly understood. The goals of this project were to identify the transferrin genes in a diverse set of insect species, resolve the evolutionary relationships among these genes, and predict which of the transferrins are likely to have a role in iron homeostasis. Our phylogenetic analysis of transferrins from 16 orders of insects and two orders of noninsect hexapods demonstrated that there are four orthologous groups of insect transferrins . Our analysis suggests that transferrin 2 arose prior to the origin of insects, and transferrins 1 , 3 , and 4 arose early in insect evolution. Primary sequence analysis of each of the insect transferrins was used to predict signal peptides, carboxyl‐terminal transmembrane regions, GPI‐anchors, and iron binding. Based on this analysis, we suggest that transferrins 2 , 3 , and 4 are unlikely to play a major role in iron homeostasis. In contrast, the transferrin 1 orthologs are predicted to be secreted, soluble, iron‐binding proteins. We conclude that transferrin 1 orthologs are the most likely to play an important role in iron homeostasis. Interestingly, it appears that the louse, aphid, and thrips lineages have lost the transferrin 1 gene and, thus, have evolved to manage iron without transferrins .
How do Turkey-origin immigrant workers in Germany represent themselves through trade unions and works councils?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyses the representation of Turkey-origin immigrant workers in trade unions and works councils in the Ruhr region (Germany). Based on a field study in the Ruhr including surveys, in-depth interviews and focus groups between November 2015 and January 2016, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of immigrant–native/citizen relations. The article demonstrates the importance of trade unions and works councils in the integration of immigrants and stresses the adverse outcomes of trade unions’ persistence to maintain their ‘German, white and male’ character. It also discusses how the internal polarisation among immigrants from Turkey affects workplace level relations. Based on the experiences of Turkey-origin immigrant workers, whose history of immigration to Western Europe spans nearly 60 years, the research focuses on the role of social organisations for the representation and participation of immigrants within the democratic system alongside natives/citizens.
Germinal Center B-Cells Resist Transformation by Kras Independently of Tumor Suppressor Arf

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div><p>Activating mutations in Ras (N- and K-) are the most common point mutations found in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and are associated with poor clinical outcome. We sought to directly examine the role of Ras activation in MM pathogenesis and used two different tissue-specific Cre recombinase mouse lines (<i>Cγ1-Cre</i> and <i>AID-Cre</i>), to generate mice with mutant Kras (<i>Kras<sup>G12D</sup></i>) activated specifically in germinal center B-cells. We also generated mice with activation of the <i>Kras<sup>G12D</sup></i> allele in a tumor-prone Arf-null genetic background. Surprisingly, we observed no significant disruption in B-cell homeostasis in any of these models by serum immunoglobulin ELISA, SPEP, flow cytometry and histological examination. We observed development of non-overlapping tumor types due to off-target Cre expression, but despite successful recombination in germinal center and later B-cell populations, we observed no B-cell phenotype. Together, these data demonstrate that Ras activation is not sufficient to transform primary germinal center B-cells, even in an Arf-null context, and that the temporal order of mutation acquisition may be critical for myeloma development. Specific pathways, yet to be identified, are required before Kras can contribute to the development of MM.</p></div>
THE EFFECT OF APATITE II™ ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF TNT AND PERCHLORATE IN CONTAMINATED SOIL SAMPLES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil found on military gunnery ranges, old battle field sites, or ammunition repositories poses a hazardous threat to the environment and humans because it may be contaminated with 2,4,6-Trinitroluene (TNT) and perchlorate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of microorganisms to degrade TNT and perchlorate, and to examine the biodegradative enhancement with a fishbone-based nutrient source known as Apatite II. Tests consisted of column flow-through experiments in which influent and effluent samples were tested for TNT and perchlorate concentrations. The columns were amended with a combination of Apatite II, and a previously isolated TNT-degrading fungal strain which had the same ribosomal DNA sequence as Penicillium spinulosum (based on 561 nucleotide bases). When 10 ppm TNT was amended over a period of 16 months, HPLC analyses showed that during column flows with a 45-minute retention time, soil-only columns, soil + Apatite columns and soil + Apatite + fungal inoculum resulted in 47%, 69% and 95% of the TNT degraded. When 1 ppm perchlorate was amended to the columns, TNT degradation was unaffected, and perchlorate degradation followed the same trends of TNT degradation: that is, perchlorate degradation was stimulated synergistically by the presence of Apatite and the fungal inoculum. Experimental results clearly indicated that the Apatite II stimulated biodegradation of TNT and perchlorate, especially when combined with the TNT-degrading fungus, and that the Apatite II material maintains biodegradation for lengthy periods of time.
Indonesia's Fiscal Decentralization and its Effect on Provincial Public Finances

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent studies of fiscal policy in Indonesia have looked at overall fiscal performance or the effect of decentralization on local governments but neglected the specific situation of provincial governments. In this paper we analyze the provinces’ position in the Indonesian fiscal framework after decentralization and discuss their fiscal autonomy as a separate level of government. We conduct this analysis by looking at five parameters: 1) fiscal health, 2) revenue and expenditure stability, 3) effectiveness in budget management, 4) fiscal independence, and 5) fiscal disparity. Almost 15 years into decentralization provinces show overall healthy fiscal positions with regular surpluses. However, we also find that revenue and expenditure vary strongly across years, provinces do a poor job in implementing planned budgets, they rely on the central government for more than half their revenues and there are great fiscal disparities across the provinces. We conclude by suggesting a number of measures provincial and national policymakers can take to improve the situation.
Acceleration and transportation of multiple ion species at EBIS-based preinjector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

AT EBIS-BASED PREINJECTOR* D. Raparia, BNL, Upton, New York U.S.A Abstract Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS)-based preinjector was come into operation in 2010. Since than it has been delivering various ions to NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) radiobiology program and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) physics program. During the Run12, the EBIS-based preinjector provided U, Au, and Cu ions for the RHIC physics program. The preinjector has delivered beams of He, Ne, Ar, Ti, Fe, Kr, Xe, and Ta for the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory radiobiology program for last three years. The performance and operational experience with multiple ion species of this preinjector is presented.
To model single asset's AAW engagement process by using Arena simulation tool for decision support

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Anti Air Warfare (AAW) is a complex problem because of highly uncertain battlefield and fast engagement tempo. With decision support system in support of decision-making process, the quantified AAW result can benefit commander's decision. Objective of this paper is to develop an analytical simulation model based upon logical engagement process that can calculate asset's AAW performance in the defending air target scenario. Case study as with FFG-7 against single inbound missile analysis reveals the result that FFG-7 has 0.957 successful defenses. The limitation of this model is that it is not able to deal with a larger scope of engagement scenario such as the coordinated AAW operations.
Assessment of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Binding to the Surface of Leukocytes with Dark‐Field Imaging and Computational Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is widely established as a traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarker and can be used in early diagnosis. As essential primary human immune cells, leukocytes are recruited to injured cerebral sites during TBI response, where they can interact with and potentially bind to TBI biomarkers. To date, no studies have demonstrated ultra‐low GFAP binding enumeration on leukocytes. Herein, a dark‐field imaging technique coupled with computational analysis is introduced to quantify GFAP bound to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Dark‐field microscopy (DFM) with a custom‐written image acquisition software is developed for rapid 3D PBMC imaging by utilizing specific antiGFAP monoclonal antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles (antiGFAP‐AuNPs) as contrast‐generating probes. Subsequently, the developed algorithm is utilized in processing thousands of acquired images for rapid visualization and enumeration of bound antiGFAP‐AuNP on each leukocyte. The proposed method is demonstrates the specific binding of GFAP to the surface of PBMCs on a healthy donor blood. Thereafter, subpopulations of PBMCs with antiGFAP‐AuNP binding are identified with the assistance of fluorescence imaging and DFM imaging, paving a new way to understanding the relationship between TBI and leukocyte classes. Hence, this study offers a rapid and ultra‐sensitive strategy for biomarker assessment following TBI.
Policies and Strategies to Address the Vulnerability of Pastoralists in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pastoralism is the key agricultural production system in the drylands. As drylands constitute nearly half of the land area of sub-Saharan Africa, pastoralism is of particular importance for the continent and in some countries pastoralists even represent the majority of the population. This notwithstanding, most governments of countries with pastoral populations are reluctant to invest in pastoral production systems, pastoralism being regarded as backward with little potential for improvement. The FAO Pro Poor Livestock Policy Initiative aims to contribute to poverty reduction among livestock keepers by supporting the formulation and implementation of policies, which improve their livelihoods, and this paper intends to provide an overview of policy options, which can mitigate the vulnerability of pastoralists and / or facilitate income diversification and adoption of alternative livelihoods.
Il Papa, Sade’s Pater Beyond Compare

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

How can one describe, inscribe the Sadian father? When dealing with a text that tells it all, what remains to be told? Moreover, and paradox oblige (paradoxes are one of the mainstays of Sade's rhetorical agenda), the notions of gender and therefore of father are arguably liminal in the Marquis' prose. Sexual identity disintegrates in the magma of Sadian orgies. It is transmogrified into couplings, joints, crossovers, gear systems and other species of mechanical interplay set into motion by high carbon fuel. Nor should one forget that on the level of metaphor the overwhelming power, that which envelops and bears down on all others in Sade's cosmogony, is feminine and maternal, better yet step-maternal. The reference is to Mother Nature, bearing Matter Triumphant in her wake.
CRISPR elements provide a new framework for the genealogy of the citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Xanthomonads are an important clade of Gram-negative bacteria infecting a plethora of economically important host plants, including citrus. Knowledge about the pathogen’s diversity and population structure are prerequisite for epidemiological surveillance and efficient disease management. Rapidly evolving genetic loci, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), are of special interest to develop new molecular typing tools. Results We analyzed CRISPR loci of 56 Xanthomonas citri pv. citri strains of world-wide origin, a regulated pathogen causing Asiatic citrus canker in several regions of the world. With one exception, 23 unique sequences built up the repertoire of spacers, suggesting that this set of strains originated from a common ancestor that already harbored these 23 spacers. One isolate originating from Pakistan contained a string of 14 additional, probably more recently acquired spacers indicating that this genetic lineage has or had until recently the capacity to acquire new spacers. Comparison of CRISPR arrays with previously obtained molecular typing data, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), variable-number of tandem-repeats (VNTR) and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), demonstrated that these methods reveal similar evolutionary trajectories. Notably, genome analyses allowed to generate a model for CRISPR array evolution in X. citri pv. citri, which provides a new framework for the genealogy of the citrus canker pathogen. Conclusions CRISPR-based typing will further improve the accuracy of the genetic identification of X. citri pv. citri outbreak strains in molecular epidemiology analyses, especially when used concomitantly with another genotyping method.
Issues of Ensuring the Confidentiality of Personal Data When Using Artificial Intelligence Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the process of using AI systems in the processing of personalized information (personal data), a number of problems may arise, which this article is devoted to. Among these problems, the authors name the following: data manipulation; the ability to control an individual’s behavior, primarily on the Internet, but not only, since with the development of the Internet of Things, the problem of surveillance will become increasingly global; identification of citizens using biometric personal data; development of emotional AI; the real threat of the introduction of the so-called social rating; the emergence and active development of deepfake technology; insufficiency in terms of ensuring the protection and protection of privacy of the level of legal technologies used to depersonalize personal data; ethical problems arising from the bias of AI algorithms related to personalized information.
Reclaiming the Political: Women and the Social History of Suffrage in Great Britain, France, and the United States

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Maroula Joannou and June Purvis, eds. The Women's Suffrage Movement: New Feminist Perspectives. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998. xii + 227 pp.; ill. ISBN 0-7190-4860-5 (cl).
The Effect of Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and E-WOM on Purchase Decision in Shopee E-commerce

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<span>This study aims to examine the effect of Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) partially and simultaneously on Purchase Decisions in Shopee e-commerce. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data sources collected through questionnaires. The data sample used was 125 respondents from the Management Study Program FEB-UMM (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Malang) as Shopee consumers. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling using the purposive sampling method which gives certain criteria to respondents. In analyzing the data of this study using multiple linear regression analysis tools. The results of this study are Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and E-WOM have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decision partially, and simultaneously have a significant effect on Purchase Decision</span><span>in Shopee e-commerce.</span>
Biodegradable composites based on well-characterized cellulose and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As a biodegradable and flexible copolymer, poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is used for packaging. However, high cost and limited properties restrict its applications. Because of the hydrophobic nature of PBAT, low mechanical properties are observed when PBAT and cellulosic fibers, which are hydrophilic, are used in blends. To increase the interfacial adhesion between cellulose and PBAT, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) was used as a reactive compatibilizer to modify cellulose. A one-step method was demonstrated for compounding and subsequent extrusion blowing, which is a simple and environmentally friendly approach to fabricate a series of K-Cellulose/PBAT (KH560-Cellulose/PBAT) composites. The morphology and structure of the cellulose were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Meanwhile, thermal analysis of the hybrids showed an improvement of the thermal stability of the composites with increased silanized cellulose content. In addition, the barrier properties of films are measured by water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP). Finally, after addition of reactive compatibilizer KH560, there was considerable improvement with increased the cellulose content, as shown through mechanical properties testing. Therefore, the composites prepared with these enhanced properties have great potential as substitutes for traditional commodity polymers.
From the postulates of relativity to the law of inertia

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

While teaching special relativity, Newton’s first law is usually assumed and then superimposed on the first postulate via the introduction of “inertial reference frames.” By contrast, taking Einstein’s earliest and simplest statement of the postulates of relativity to be fundamentally true, it is possible to show that Newton’s formulation of the law of inertia follows as a consequence.
Tetrabutylammoninm Peroxydisulfate in Organic Synthesis X. An Efficient Nickel-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes by Oxidation with Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Various aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes were efficiently transformed to the corresponding nitriles in a one-pot procedure by nickel-catalyzed oxidation with tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of ammonium hydrogen carbonate under basic aqueous conditions. The process affords excellent yields of pure nitriles.