jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DEKONSTRUKSI TEORI USES AND GRATIFICATIONS DALAM ERA POST-TRUTH ANALISIS KRITIS TERHADAP KESADARAN PALSU PENGGUNA MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PEMENUHAN KEPUASAN INFORMASI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to deconstruct the theory of Uses and Gratifications in the context of the post-truth era, with an emphasis on a critical analysis of the misperception among social media users in meeting the needs of information. The post-truth era is characterized by the dominance of emotions and personal views that trump objective facts, which in turn affects the way individuals consume and process information. The conventional Uses and Gratifications theory views media users as active and rational individuals in choosing media to meet specific needs, such as entertainment, information, or social interaction. However, in the context of post-truth, this paradigm needs to be revisited. The study shows that social media users are often trapped in false consciousness due to social media algorithms and confirmation bias. The algorithm encourages the consumption of content that is in line with the user's personal beliefs, thus reinforcing the view without providing an opportunity for fact-verification. In addition, the phenomenon of echo chambers and filter bubbles further strengthens the isolation of information, which contributes to the formation of distorted reality. The approach used in this study is qualitative with critical analysis of relevant literature and case studies of social media users. The results of the analysis show that the information satisfaction felt by users is often illusory and does not reflect the fulfillment of real information needs. This false awareness creates the illusion of information fulfillment, even though the information consumed tends to be biased and incomplete. The conclusion of this study is that in the post-truth era, the theory of Uses and Gratifications needs to be reconstructed by considering the factors that affect false consciousness and information distortion. It is important for social media users to improve their media literacy and be critical of the sources of information they consume, in order to avoid the trap of false awareness and achieve more accurate and meaningful information fulfillment.
Effects of hindlimb contraction on pressor and muscle interstitial metabolite responses in the cat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We used the microdialysis technique to measure the interstitial concentration of several putative metabolic stimulants of the exercise pressor reflex during 3- and 5-Hz twitch contractions in the decerebrate cat. The peak increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure during contraction were 20 ± 5 beats/min and 21 ± 8 mmHg and 27 ± 9 beats/min and 37 ± 12 mmHg for the 3- and 5-Hz stimulation protocols, respectively. All variables returned to baseline after 10 min of recovery. Interstitial lactate rose ( P < 0.05) by 0.41 ± 0.15 and 0.56 ± 0.16 mM for the 3- and 5-Hz stimulation protocols, respectively, and were not statistically different from one another. Interstitial lactate levels remained above ( P < 0.05) baseline during recovery in the 5-Hz group. Dialysate phosphate concentrations (corrected for shifts in probe recovery) rose with stimulation ( P < 0.05) by 0.19 ± 0.08 and 0.11 ± 0.03 mM for the 3- and 5-Hz protocols. There were no differences between groups. The resting dialysate K + concentrations for the 3- and 5-Hz conditions were 4.0 ± 0.1 and 3.9 ± 0.1 meq/l, respectively. During stimulation the dialysate K + concentrations rose steadily for both conditions, and the increase from rest to stimulation ( P < 0.05) was 0.57 ± 0.19 and 0.81 ± 0.06 meq/l for the 3- and 5-Hz conditions, respectively, with no differences between groups. Resting dialysate pH was 6.915 ± 0.055 and 6.981 ± 0.032 and rose to 7.013 ( P < 0.05) and 7.053 ( P < 0.05) for the 3- and 5-Hz conditions, respectively, and then became acidotic (6.905, P < 0.05) during recovery (5 Hz only). This study represents the first time simultaneous measurements of multiple skeletal muscle interstitial metabolites and pressor responses to twitch contractions have been made in the cat. These data suggest that interstitial K + and phosphate, but not lactate and H + , may contribute to the stimulation of thin fiber muscle afferents during contraction.
Tıbbı bitkiler Epilobium Hirsutum L ve Viscum Album L.'nin sıçan karaciğer mikrozomal flavin monooksijenaz (FMO) aktivitesi.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Epilobium hirsutum L. (Onagraceae), a medicinal plant known as hairy willow herb, has been used by people all around the world for treatment or prevention of inflammation, adenoma, rectal bleeding, menstrual disorders, constipates, and prostate. It contains polyphenolics including steroids, tannins such as gallic, ellagic, and p-coumaric acids and flavonoids such as myricetin, isomyricetin, and quercetin. Polyphenols have been known for their multiple biological health benefits, including antioxidant activities. Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae), a species of mistletoe, contains lectins, polypeptides, mucilage, sugar alcohols, flavonoids, lignans, triterpenes, and phenylallyl alcohols. The leaves and twigs of Viscum album L., taken as tea, have been traditionally used for hypertension, stomachache, diarrhea, diabetes, dysuria and also as analgesic and cardiotonic agent in Anatolia, Turkey. In addition, in Europe, sterile extracts of Viscum album L. are among the most common herbal extracts applied in cancer treatment and have been used as prescription drugs, while in US, considered as dietary supplement. Flavin-containing monooxygenases are FAD-containing phase I enzymes responsible for the oxidation of wide-range of nucleophilic nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and selenium heteroatom-containing drugs such as tamoxifen, v methimazole and imipramine, pesticides, neurotoxins, and other chemicals using NADPH as cofactor. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo effects of Epilobium hirsutum L. and Viscum album L. (subspecies growing on pine trees-subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann) on FMO activity, mRNA and protein expressions in rat liver. The water extracts of Epilobium hirsutum L. (37.5 mg/kg body weight) and Viscum album L. (10 mg/kg body weight) were injected intraperitonally (i.p) into Wistar albino rats for 9 consecutive days. Following the decapitation, the livers were removed and microsomal fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation. Rat liver microsomal FMO activity using methimazole as substrate, mRNA expression by quantitative Real-Time PCR, and protein expression by Western Blot were determined. The results showed that water extract of Epilobium hirsutum L. has no significant effect on FMO activity; however, it decreased significantly (p<0.05) FMO3 protein and mRNA expression 27.71% and 1.41 fold, respectively, compared as controls. Water extract of Viscum album L. decreased mRNA (2.56 fold), and protein expressions (27.66%) as well as enzyme activity (19%) of FMO with respect to controls. In conclusion, our current data suggest that the metabolism of xenobiotics including drug molecules by FMO-catalyzed reactions may be altered due to the changes in FMO expression and activity by medicinal plants Epilobium hirsutum L. and Viscum album L.
A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PCCD WORKERS IN YANGON

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, an effort has been made to assess the socio-economic status of PCCD workers. The purpose of this study is to find out how municipal authority provides labor safety, health safety and environment in Yangon. Method of study is descriptive method based on both primary data and secondary data. Primary data is collected by face to face interview with structured questionnaires on (250) workers. The survey was done by using purposive random sampling method. Scope of this study is mainly four townships out of ten townships from West district Yangon. This study shows that most of them were primary school level 89 (35.6%) and second highest level was middle school 79 (31.6%). Lower level of respondents was university level 6 (2.4%).All respondents earned 4800 kyats on daily basis. This study also shows that average household income was insufficient to cover living cost of their household. The survey was found that most of workers live in servant’s quarters. Some are not satisfied because quarter is small to live. Water supply generally expressed positive emotions. All of workers are satisfied for electricity. 20% of respondents suffer from skin disease.6.8% of the respondents suffered other disease such as (dengue fever, broken hands and legs).The organization has the leave benefit according to labor law. It was found that workers are satisfied job stability that they need to worry job for next day.
Comparative Pangenomics of the Mammalian Gut Commensal Bifidobacterium longum

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bifidobacterium longum colonizes mammalian gastrointestinal tracts where it could metabolize host-indigestible oligosaccharides. Although B. longum strains are currently segregated into three subspecies that reflect common metabolic capacities and genetic similarity, heterogeneity within subspecies suggests that these taxonomic boundaries may not be completely resolved. To address this, the B. longum pangenome was analyzed from representative strains isolated from a diverse set of sources. As a result, the B. longum pangenome is open and contains almost 17,000 genes, with over 85% of genes found in ≤28 of 191 strains. B. longum genomes share a small core gene set of only ~500 genes, or ~3% of the total pangenome. Although the individual B. longum subspecies pangenomes share similar relative abundances of clusters of orthologous groups, strains show inter- and intrasubspecies differences with respect to carbohydrate utilization gene content and growth phenotypes.
Multiscale Multimodal Investigation of the Intratissural Biodistribution of Iron Nanotherapeutics with Single Cell Resolution Reveals Co‐Localization with Endogenous Iron in Splenic Macrophages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Imaging of iron‐based nanoparticles (NPs) remains challenging because of the presence of endogenous iron in tissues that is difficult to distinguish from exogenous iron originating from the NPs. Here, an analytical cascade for characterizing the biodistribution of biomedically relevant iron‐based NPs from the organ scale to the cellular and subcellular scales is introduced. The biodistribution on an organ level is assessed by elemental analysis and quantification of magnetic iron by electron paramagnetic resonance, which allowed differentiation of exogenous and endogenous iron. Complementary to these bulk analysis techniques, correlative whole‐slide optical and electron microscopy provided spatially resolved insight into the biodistribution of endo‐ and exogenous iron accumulation in macrophages, with single‐cell and single‐particle resolution, revealing coaccumulation of iron NPs with endogenous iron in splenic macrophages. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy revealed two types of morphologically distinct iron‐containing structures (exogenous nanoparticles and endogenous ferritin) within membrane‐bound vesicles in the cytoplasm, hinting at an attempt of splenic macrophages to extract and recycle iron from exogenous nanoparticles. Overall, this strategy enables the distinction of endo‐ and exogenous iron across scales (from cm to nm, based on the analysis of thousands of cells) and illustrates distribution on organ, cell, and organelle levels.
<title>Monopulse radar tracking using an adaptive interacting multiple-model method with extended Kalman filters</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we investigate an adaptive interacting multiple model (AIMM) tracker using the extended Kalman filter. This adaptive algorithm is based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) tracking technique with the addition of an adaptive acceleration model to track behavior that falls in between the fixed model dynamics. In previous research, we found that the adaptive model matches more closely the true system dynamics when the target kinematics lie in between the fixed models, thus improving the overall performance of the tracking system. We also showed that the AIMM outperforms other existing adaptive approaches while reducing computational complexity. In this paper, we further investigate these superior qualities of the AIMM by considering a more realistic radar-tracking scenario where monopulse radar range, azimuth, and elevation measurements are processed using extended Kalman filters in the AIMM. Here a more complex 3D simulation is implemented instead of the simplified 2D problem considered in our previous research. Again, the result how that the AIMM outperforms the classical IMM when the target is maneuvering.
Recent Advances of Manganese Catalysis for Organic Synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Manganese is a non‐toxic, inexpensive and earth abundant metal, so is a perfect candidate for catalysis whether as a replacement for precious metals or in the search for novel reactivity. Despite this, manganese catalysis has not undergone the same development of other earth‐abundant metals (particularly iron and cobalt). This review details recent synthetic methodologies using manganese catalysts, including C–H activation, late stage fluorination, hydrosilylation and cross‐coupling.
Effect of TIMP1 Gene in Proliferation of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the effects of TIMP1 in proliferation of colon carcinoma cells.Methods The pcDNA3.1-TIMP1-k plasmids and interfere plasmid were constructed and the human colon carcinoma cells(HCT-8) were transfected by them.After 48-72 h,the transcriptional level and protein level were detected by the method of real time PCR and western blot,while the growth of the HCT-8 cells was also validated by MTT.Results The pcDNA3.1-TIMP1-k plasmids and interfere plasmid were constructed successfully,while the TIMP1 gene expression was enhanced by TIMP1 over-expression plasmid and degraded by TIMP1 interfere RNA plasmid.For the four days,there was no significant difference(P0.05) in MTT.At the fifth day,there was significant difference(P0.05),yet at the sixth and seventh days,there was significant difference(P0.01).The results showed that the transcriptional and protein level were reduced by the TIMP1 interfere RNA plasmid,yet the transcriptional and protein level were elevated by the TIMP1 over-expression plasmid.While it was demonstrated that the low-expression of TIMP1 could inhibit the growth of the HCT-8 cells and the over-expression of TIMP1 could improve the growth of cells from the growth curve picture.Conclusion Up-regulated expression of TIMP1 can promote the proliferation of HCT-8 cells.
CSR digitalization: Empowering female MSMEs by Indonesian Telco

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many companies have accelerated the implementation of CSR digitalization, especially in helping Indonesia's SME sector, due to the rise of the digital era. This explores the steps taken by telecommunications giants to support the empowerment of female small business owners through digitalization. This research aims to analyze how digitalization can help these women become more capable, access new markets, and ultimately improve their financial independence. The theory of communicative action serves as the guide in exploring this research. A total of 11 informant representing XL Axiata, partners, and SMEs participated in this study through in-depth one-on-one qualitative interviews. The research results indicate that CSR digitalization initiatives can represent the organization's ethical responsibility to support positive social reform in addition to economic contributions. However, inadequate ICT infrastructure needs to be addressed through cross-sector collaboration. Effective messaging, high levels of stakeholder participation, and the demand for two-way communication must collectively address this issue. Cross-sector collaboration can pave the way for a more sustainable and inclusive digital economy in Indonesia).
Effects of α-thalassaemia mutations on the haematological parameters of β-thalassaemia carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Thalassaemia is a haemoglobin disorder caused by a reduction in, or a complete absence of, the production of α- or β-globin genes. Detection of β-thalassaemia carriers is the first step in the prenatal diagnosis of the disease and is based primarily on the differences between levels of blood cell indices. Since co-inheritance of β- and α-thalassaemia mutations modulates the haematological parameters of heterozygote β-thalassaemia indices, understanding the influence of this interaction is helpful for identification of disease carriers. Objective To determine the effects of α-thalassaemia mutations on the haematological parameters of β-thalassaemia carriers. Method We used gap-PCR and amplification refractory mutation system techniques to find any α- and/or β-thalassaemia mutations in 270 subjects who were suspected to be thalassaemia carriers. The mean values of the haematological parameters in α, β-thalassaemia and β-thalassaemia carriers were compared. Results Significant differences in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and HbA2 were found between the two groups. Patients who were α, β-thalassaemia carriers had higher mean values of MCV and MCH, whereas HbA2 levels were higher in simple β-thalassaemia. No marked differences were found in mean cell haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Hb blood cell indices. The value of MCV, MCH and HbA2 were significantly different between α,β-thalassaemia and simple β-thalassaemia in men and women, but the mean values of Hb in the two groups differed markedly only in men. Conclusion We conclude that co-inheritance of α- and β-thalassaemia mutations may result in misdiagnosis of β-thalassaemia carriers. Therefore, in genetic counselling of patients with a near-normal range of blood cell indices the possibility that they may carry α, β-thalassaemia mutations must be considered.
Water Availability in the Aral Sea Basin: Derivation of Fractional Vegetation Covers from Multi-scale Remote Sensing Data for Hydrological Modeling in Central Asia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As Central Asia faces various water-related problems, a sustainable and transnational water management is needed, in particular for the regions specialized in the production of water-intensive crops, such as cotton. Regional hydrological models can provide an insight into water cycles and projections of the water availability under changing climatic conditions. Land cover information that describes the vegetation cover provides important input for the parameterization of such hydrologic models. Thereby, mostly rather rough and discrete land cover classes are used. However the percentage cover of woody and herbaceous life forms as well as bare soil fractions would meet this high information requirement, e.g. for the calculation of infiltration rates, better. The aim of this study is therefore to describe in detail the small-scale vegetation patterns of a high mountain ecosystem in Central Asia. \nFor mapping fractions of vegetation cover, multi-scale remote sensing data is analyzed in conjunction with vegetation field data. Vegetation data was collected on a training site in the upper reaches of the Naryn River, Kyrgyzstan, providing water for the upper Syr Darya and the Fergana valley. The ground truth samples were used in a hybrid classification scheme applied to spatially very high resolution (0.6 m) satellite data, a QuickBird scene of 80 km2. The areas covered by woody vegetation are thereby detected as objects after a segmentation process. The open areas with varying fractions of herbaceous vegetation and bare soil are classified with the Maximum Likelihood algorithm to record this heterogeneity on a pixel base. A map for each single cover type is derived from this classification. By aggregating the results to the Landsat TM spatial resolution of 30 m, continuous cover fractions for each cover type are gained. Using the regression tree ensemble method „random forest‟, this land cover fraction information is extrapolated to the whole 180 x 190 km2 area of the Landsat TM tile. The resulting land cover product is validated with reference pixels from the QuickBird classification. The accuracy of the maps is between 85 and 92 % for the various cover types. The continuous cover fractions of woody, herbaceous and uncovered soil can be used as detailed input parameters for hydrological modeling. Besides modeling, the continuous cover can be applied for biodiversity research or vegetation pattern analysis and therefore on erosion risk assessment in mountainous areas, as it is shown in the last chapter of this thesis.
Teachers’ perceptions of youth with obesity in the classroom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pediatric obesity is a widespread health concern and youth with obesity face teasing and ridicule, which can lead to academic difficulties (e.g., falling behind from missed class time). Teachers have a direct role in how children are treated by peers. We examined how teachers' views of children with obesity differ from their views of children with asthma, a less stigmatized chronic condition. Online questionnaires assessing attitudes toward children with health conditions were completed by 140 first- to fifth-grade teachers. Teachers rated children with asthma as more likely to be accepted by their peers than children with obesity. Additionally, teachers reported children with obesity as more burdensome to have in their classroom. Our findings that teachers reported children with obesity as more burdensome and less accepted may be influenced by societal attitudes related to the stigma associated with obesity. Findings highlight the importance of education for teachers on how to improve attitudes and outcomes for students with obesity.
Using Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction (CAPSI) to teach Discrete-Trials Teaching (DTT) for educating children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study evaluated the use of a self-instructional manual supported by a computer-aided personalized system of instruction (CAPSI) for teaching Discrete-Trials Teaching (DTT) to university students. Prior to studying the manual, five participants taught three tasks, commonly taught to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), to a confederate role-playing a child with an ASD. Using the Discrete-Trials Teaching Evaluation Form (DTTEF), the main researcher assessed the participants’ ability to perform DTT accurately. Subsequently, participants studied a self-instructional manual using CAPSI to demonstrate mastery of study questions about DTT. Finally, participants once again attempted to teach the three tasks to a confederate role-playing a child with an ASD. Overall mean baseline accuracy on the DTTEF was 54.86%, and improved to 84.73% in post-treatment, a 30% improvement. Participants’ self-recorded study time was an average of 12 hours and 48 minutes. The results suggest that CAPSI is an effective educational tool for the delivery of the self-instructional manual. Future research should investigate (1) how to make CAPSI even more effective, and (2) whether these results can be generalized to other populations such as ABA tutors, parents, and paraprofessionals working with children with ASD.