jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic Development, Human Rights ‐ and the Omelette Thesis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

People Matter — Views on International Human Rights Policy. By Theo van Boven, collected and introduced by Hans Thoolen. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1982. 186pp. Development, Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Report of a Conference held in The Hague, 27 April‐1 May 1981, convened by the International Commission of Jurists. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1982. 237pp.
Some factors influencing absorption rates of the digestion products of protein and carbohydrate from the proximal jejunum of man and their possible nutritional implications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Progress reportSome factors influencing absorption rates of the digestion products of protein and carbohydrate from the proximal jejunum of man and their possible nutritional implications Ideal requirements of dietary energy (calories) and protein and its aminoacid ratio are difficult to determine'.At least one essential ingredient is frequently present in an inadequate concentration in the diet of a vast propor- tion of the world's human population.Ever since the demonstration in the early 1930s by Dr Cecily Williams that kwashiorkor is associated with a low protein intake and a low serum protein concentration, malnutrition in tropical countries has been considered to be entirely dietary in origin.Clearly that is an exaggerated view which has dominated the scene, and other factors, especially malabsorption of dietary constituents, are also important in the pathogenesis of malnutrition.In developing countries energy and protein are often present in low amounts in the average diet.For example, the majority of Zambian Africans live on a carbohydrate diet which contains a marginally adequate amount of protein.The staple diet in most areas is nshima, a porridge which is prepared from ground maize or millet2.Although childhood malnutrition there is very common, adults are usually moderately well nourished compared with those in many other tropical countries.Throughout this report, which deals with intestinal absorption of carbo- hydrates, amino acids and dipeptides, the technique used for measuring the proximal jejunal absorption rate in a 30-cm segment involves a doublelumen tube perfusion system, without proximal occlusion.The infused fluid was introduced into the jejunum at 12.0 ml min-l.Below that rate siphonage is difficult, and higher rates are undoubtedly unphysiological.Polyethylene glycol 4000 was used as a non-absorbable marker.Although the repro- ducibility of the method for solutes is good3 4'5 results for net water transfer are generally less exact.In most of the studies cited, the concentrations of mono-and disaccharides, amino acids and dipeptides in the perfusing fluid were probably greater than are likely to be present at the luminal surface of the enterocyte in the proximal jejunum of man, although there are very few data on that in vivo6.Whether or not absorption rates in the proximal jejunum bear a significant relationship to total absorption of dietary protein and carbohydrate is not entirely clear.A significant correlation has been demonstrated between the absorption rate of glucose from the proximal jejunum, and the weight of D-xylose excreted after a 25 g oral load7.Simi- larly, a significant correlation has been demonstrated between D-xylose 239 on July 17, 2023 by guest.
Affect and Attention After Deleuze and Whitehead

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Argues for value of responsible speculative thinking in the context of crisisInvestigates intersections between Gilles Deleuze and Alfred North WhiteheadSituates the development of process ontologies in the lineage of radical empiricism and compares this to other contemporary speculative ontologiesCompares Whiteheadean feeling to Deleuze and Guattari's Spinozist-inspired deployment of affectIdentifies three points of potential divergence between Deleuze and Whitehead: the status of temporal discontinuity or continuity, the relation between Deleuze's 'virtual' and Whitehead's 'eternal objects', and the question of lived value, thematized through a discussion of what Deleuze calls the 'beautiful soul'Russell Duvernoy develops 'resonances' between the metaphysics of Whitehead and Deleuze with regard to effects on attention and affect. The implications of these lead to an altered existential orientation, described by Duvernoy as ecological attunement.This original concept suggests that attention is ontologically creative, not just passively receptive, and feeling and affect are ontologically prior to the consolidation of lived subjectivity. The combined effects of these speculative claims cut deeply against the grain of prevailing habits with regard to subjectivity.Though these results are resolutely speculative, they unfold amidst intensifying ecological crisis and accompanying social, political and existential turbulence. What does it mean to pursue speculative thinking in this context? How do metaphysical concepts inform our lives and how might different concepts lead to different ways of life?Drawing on recent work by Massumi, Stengers, Debaise and Williams, this study explores their work in relation to other speculative trends in recent philosophy, including new materialisms, posthumanisms, speculative realism and object-oriented-ontology
Obesity and menopausal status as determinants of procarcinogenic breast inflammation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

512 Background: Chronic inflammation predisposes to several malignancies. We previously demonstrated an obesity → inflammation → aromatase axis in breast tissue. As obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal (PoM) but not premenopausal (PreM) breast cancer (BC), we examined whether menopause and body mass index (BMI) independently impact breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Methods: WAT was prospectively collected from patients (pts) from 04/10 – 08/13. WAT inflammation, detected by CD68 immunohistochemistry, was defined by the presence of dead/dying adipocytes surrounded by an envelope of macrophages known as crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B). WAT area was measured with NIH Image J. Adipocyte diameter was measured with Canvas 11 Software. Endpoints: 1) CLS-B (+/-) and 2) CLS-B/cm2. Clinicopathologic associations with CLS-B were analyzed by logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test. Results: WAT (237 mastectomies, 13 abdominal reconstructions) was obtained from 238 women; median age 48 (range 22 – 90). CLS-B occurrence and number of CLS-B/cm2 were greater in overweight/obese (BMI ≥25) and PoM pts compared to lean (BMI <25) and PreM pts (Table). In multivariable analyses, BMI and PoM state were independently associated with CLS-B presence (P<.01 and P=.04) and greater CLS-B/cm2(P<.01 and P=.01). PoM pts had larger mean adipocyte diameter (105.2 +/- 14.0 μ) than PreM pts (95.7 +/- 15.6 μ; P<.01). In pts with bilateral breast WAT and abdominal WAT, concordant CLS status (+/-) was found in 49/63 (78%) and 10/13 (77%) pts, respectively. Conclusions: Breast WAT inflammation (both presence and severity), which we have previously linked to increased aromatase activity, is associated with both increased BMI and menopause. These findings can explain the increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive BC with obesity and PoM status and may also provide targets for rational therapies. Feature CLS-B – N, (%) CLS-B + N, (%) P CLS-B/cm2Median, (range) P Lean (N=116) 76 (66%) 40 (34%) .27 (.06 – 4.37) Overweight (N=73) 34 (47%) 39 (53%) .26 (.05 – 51.85) Obese (N=48) 5 (10%) 43 (90%) <.01 .47 (.09 – 2.35) .01 Premenopausal (N=144) 80 (56%) 64 (44%) .26 (.05 – 5.49) Postmenopausal (N=93) 35 (38%) 58 (62%) <.01 .49 (.09 – 51.85) <.01
Identification of targetable cellular subsets within melanoma tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9082 Background: Human tumors, including melanoma, are complex mixtures of individual, molecularly distinct subpopulations, or clones of cancer cells. Effective cancer therapy will likely require targeting of all tumor subsets within a given cancer. Understanding the tumor complexity and the ability to identify points of therapeutic vulnerability within the individual tumor subsets will be essential for development of effective personalized cancer therapies. Methods: We have developed an approach that combines identification of individual tumor subsets using a multiparameter nuclear flow cytometry coupled with a high-resolution genomic analysis using the array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Melanoma nuclei were isolated from tumor tissues and subjected to flow cytomery using melanocyte-specific antibodies (to separate melanoma cells from stroma) and DNA content, to separate individual tumor subpopulations. DNA extracted from isolated nuclear subpopulations was extracted and analyzed by aCGH. This approach was adopted for both fresh-frozen and paraffin-embedded clinical specimens. Results: We initially demonstrate the feasibility of the outlined approach by successful separation of melanoma from stromal nuclei and separation of individual melanoma nuclear subpopulations by DNA content. aCGH analysis of the DNA derived from isolated tumor subpopulations allowed successful identification of potentially targetable molecular aberrations in individual subsets of tumor cells. Notably, such aberrations were often not detected in unsorted, bulk tumors analyzed by the same high-resolution aCGH approach. Conclusions: We demonstrate a feasible approach to in-depth molecular analysis of tumor subpopulations within a clinical cancer tissue. This approach allows identification of potentially targetable molecular aberrations within individual tumor subsets, thus opening a possibility for a broad tumor targeting through design of individually-tailored therapeutic approaches. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis on the hotspot characteristics of bird diversity distribution along the continental coastline of China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Global climate change and disturbances from human activities lead to habitat loss and changes in habitat quality, resulting in a reduction in biodiversity. The continental coastline of China distributes some cities with highly developed economies and coastal wetlands with rich biodiversity, and both economic development and biodiversity conservation are important topics. In order to clarify the spatial distribution of bird biodiversity in coastal areas, based on the MaxEnt model and GIS spatial analysis, the distribution data of 488 species of birds and 15 environmental variables were used to simulate the suitable distribution areas of birds, and to analyze the spatial distribution and hotspots of bird biodiversity in coastal areas. The main findings of this study are as follows. (1) A total of 488 species in 249 genera of 21 orders and 81 families of birds were involved in the modeling of coastal areas. The main environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of birds in general are: land use, monthly mean diurnal temperature range, and precipitation of the driest month. (2) High value areas of bird richness are distributed in different locations in the four sea areas: In the Bohai Rim region, they are mainly distributed in the Liaohe Estuary Wetland in Liaoning Province, the vicinity of the Yongdingxin River and Haihe River in Tianjin, the eastern part of Tianjin, and the Yellow River and Yellow River Delta Wetland in Shandong Province; In the coastal area of the Yellow Sea, they are primarily found in Kunyu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Laoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Shandong Province, and Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province; In the coastal areas of the East China Sea, they are mainly found at the mouth of the Yangtze River, at the national nature reserve of Dongtan birds on Chongming Island, along the southeastern coast of Zhejiang Province, near the Min River and along the coast of Quanzhou in Fujian Province; In the coastal areas of the South China Sea, they are mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta wetlands of Guangdong Province, the southeastern coastal areas of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Shiwanda Mountain National Nature Reserve in Guangxi Province. (3) The spatial trends in the distribution of hotspots of birds of national priority protection in coastal areas are generally consistent, but more concentrated than the distribution of all birds. (4) After the high-value areas of bird richness were superimposed with protected areas, it was found that the intersecting area accounted for a small proportion of the protected area, and many areas near the inland had low bird richness. Finally, the findings provide references for bird biodiversity conservation and planning in coastal areas.
3D TCAD simulation of single-event-effect in n-channel transistor based on deep sub-micron fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

3D fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) n-channel transistor model is constructed by the accurate calibration between process information from OKI and Synopsys TCAD tool. Single-event-effect (SEE) simulations are conducted based on the 3D model to evaluate the collected charge from different heavy ion strike locations. The channel is the most SEE sensitive region along channel length direction in terms of the collected charge. The TCAD simulations of the collected charge along channel width direction are constrained by the boundary condition. This paper provides the guide for the SEE hardening improvement of the FDSOI process and device structure.
Menstrual cycle could affect Ki67 expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Ki67 is a potent prognostic marker for determining systemic treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, evaluation of Ki67 expression can be difficult, due mostly to its heterogeneity. The Ki67 expression level, which indicates that a cell is undergoing division (cell cycle), rises when proliferation activity increases. Thus, Ki67 expression might be affected by hormonal stimuli. We hypothesised that Ki67 expression level might change during the menstrual cycle. We examined pairs of biopsy and surgical specimens from individual patients to evaluate this hypothesis. Methods First, the effects of estradiol on Ki67 expression in breast cancer cell lines were examined employing immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Next, differences in Ki67 expression between biopsy and surgical specimens from 131 patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumours were retrospectively examined. Results In vitro experiments showed Ki67 expression in estrogen receptor-positive cancer cells to be dependent on estradiol stimulation. Ki67 expression was higher in biopsy samples collected in the luteal phase than in those from other phases. When biopsy and surgical samples were obtained at different times during the menstrual cycle in the same individual, there were differences in Ki67 expression between these samples. Those collected in the luteal phase showed higher Ki67 expression than samples obtained during other phases (p<0.01). Conclusions Ki67 expression varied in the same patients according to menstrual cycle phase. Our results suggest that Ki67 expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer should be carefully assessed bearing in mind the patient's menstrual cycle, since the interpretation of expression could affect treatment decisions.
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) is a leading health issue for Pakistan.Other than the late complications of chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma, a high frequency of anxiety and mood-disorder related symptoms has beendescribed. Objective: To evaluate the morbidity Chronic Hepatitis C causes in the form of anxietyand depression in the affected individuals. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.Setting: Medical Outdoor in Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Multan. Period: 1st October 2014 to 1st March2015. Methodology: In patients presenting with Chronic Hepatitis C and evaluated them forthe presence of anxiety and depression using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score. We foundhigh prevalence of anxiety (36.6%) and Depression (29.2%) in the study population. The studypopulation consisted of 281 patients with CHC (175 males---62.3% and 106 females-----37.7 %,mean age 39.3 ± 11.3). Results: Out of 281 patients, 94 (33.4%) were in the age group from16-30 years, 104 (37%) in the age group 31-45 years whereas 68 (24.2%) were from the agegroup 40-60 years. Patients with were 103 (36.6%), while 178 patients were normal. Patientswith depression were 82 (29.2%). Conclusion: Chronic Hepatitis C is associated with highpercentage of anxiety and depression in the affected individuals and adds to the morbidity ofthe disease.
Application of radar measurement technology in 3D surveying and mapping of transmission lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper briefly introduces the background, significance, and development status of 3D radar technology at home and abroad, and then explains the concept, working principle, system composition, and workflow of the radar system. Combined with the current development trend of smart grids, it focuses on the application scope of this technology in the field of transmission line construction, operation, and maintenance. Then, through the specific implementation of the project cases, the daily operation and maintenance of four 500 kV transmission lines in Nanjing have played a certain guiding role. Finally, according to the development trend of smart grid and the actual demand of power system production and business integration, this paper briefly prospects the function expansion of this technology in transmission line operation evaluation, fault analysis and diagnosis, emergency rescue plan formulation, and other fields.
Gamma and velocity tracking for UAV obstacle avoidance in pitch plane

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Global and local (or reactive) obstacle avoidance across unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) altitudes is a challenging problem. In an UAV autonomous flight when the obstacle threat is determined in-flight from the on-board sensors, techniques to avoid the obstacles autonomously in real-time and continue with the predefined flight path need to be incorporated into the autonomous systems. Hence a requirement in vertical (pitch) plane is to plan vehicle positions different from the obstacle positions. In this paper, a real-time autonomous trajectory generation scheme useful to design these potential vehicle positions incorporating vehicle capability is presented. It is known that vehicle velocity and flight path angle (gamma) uniquely determine vehicle positions. As a result, path planning for obstacle avoidance boils down to gamma tracking and vehicle velocity tracking problems. The trajectory generation scheme as a tracking problem is applied to illustrate avoiding hypothetical static ground obstacle like building in pitch plane using a three degree of freedom fixed wing micro air vehicle model.
A new seed beetle associated with Indigofera zollingeriana in Vietnam, with a note on the Bruchidius japonicus (Harold) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bruchidius zollingerianae, a species that develops in the larval stage in Indigofera zollingeriana pods is described from Vietnam. Its relationships with other species known to feed in Indigofereae are discussed. The species group Bruchidius japonicus is described and discussed.
Tumor-associated myeloid cells provide critical support for T-ALL in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a malignancy of immature T cells. Despite harboring multiple genetic alterations that drive disease, primary T-ALL cells require exogenous signals to survive. We previously reported that tumor-associated myeloid cells support survival of primary mouse T-ALL cells in vitro. However, the contribution of myeloid cells to T-ALL progression in vivo remains unclear. Here, we depleted phagocytic myeloid cells from leukemic mice, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor burden in multiple organs and prolonged survival. T-ALL burden also diminished following myeloid depletion in lymphodeficient mice, indicating that adaptive immunity was not required to eliminate T-ALL cells, thus suggesting tumor-associated myeloid cells could directly support T-ALL growth. Consistent with this possibility, multiple subsets of tumor-associated myeloid cells support survival of mouse and primary patient T-ALL cells in vitro. Acute myeloid depletion reduced activation of several pathways regulating cell survival in T-ALL cells, implicating these pathways in promoting T-ALL progression in vivo. Computational analysis of published datasets shows an association between enriched macrophage gene signatures and poor prognosis in T-ALL patients, further implicating a pro-tumor role for myeloid cells. Together, our results indicate that an altered myeloid compartment directly promotes T-ALL progression at divergent T-ALL sites in vivo.
Overlapping roles and asymmetrical cross-regulation of the USF proteins in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

USF1 and USF2 are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors implicated as antagonists of the c-Myc protooncoprotein in the control of cellular proliferation. To determine the biological role of the USF proteins, mutant mice were generated by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. USF1-null mice were viable and fertile, with only slight behavioral abnormalities. However, these mice contained elevated levels of USF2, which may compensate for the absence of USF1. In contrast, USF2-null mice contained reduced levels of USF1 and displayed an obvious growth defect: they were 20–40% smaller at birth than their wild-type or heterozygous littermates and maintained a smaller size with proportionate features throughout postnatal development. Some of the USF-deficient mice, especially among the females, were prone to spontaneous epileptic seizures, suggesting that USF is important in normal brain function. Among the double mutants, an embryonic lethal phenotype was observed for mice that were homozygous for the Usf2 mutation and either heterozygous or homozygous for the Usf1 mutation, demonstrating that the USF proteins are essential in embryonic development.
Nuevos paradigmas científicos y su incidencia en la investigación jurídica

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the new epistemic proposals facing the fragmentation paradigm along with the consequences they would have on juridical research. Several theories are described, such as complexity, the multiple intelligences paradigm, investigation through problems and not by knowledge fields, in such a way that all possible disciplines converge aiming to the adequate investigative handling of a question posed. This new union of disciplines can be either a return to the Greeks (philosophy as knowledge unifier or a decrease in number of "knowledges" Proposed, or the union of theology and knowledge and finally specialization without fragmentation.
Dred Scott and the problem of constitutional evil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Part I. The Lessons of Dred Scott: 1. The Dred Scott decision 2. Critiques of Dred Scott 3. Critiquing the critiques 4. Injustice and constitutional law Part II. The Constitutional Politics of Slavery: 5. The slavery compromises revisited 6. The compromises and constitutional development 7. The constitutional order modified: 1820-60 8. The constitution and the Civil War Part III. Compromising with Evil: 9. Majoritarianism and constitutional evil 10. Contract, consent, and constitutional evil 11. Constitutional relationships and constitutional evil Part IV. Voting for John Bell: 12. Lincoln v. Bell 13. Constitutional justice or constitutional peace.