jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reducing Ontario’s new single-family residential heating energy consumption by 80% by 2035: economic analysis of a tiered framework of performance targets

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Growing environmental consciousness and rising energy prices have emphasized the need for substantial energy savings in the single-family residential building sector. To achieve this, more stringent performance requirements are needed. The intent of this work is to develop a framework and preliminary policy implementation strategy to achieve an 80% reduction in heating energy consumption by 2035 for newly constructed single-family dwellings across Ontario (Canada). A tiered framework of heating energy consumption targets was developed using current (2012) Ontario building code requirements as the baseline and building enclosure/HVAC requirements estimated as necessary to achieve the Passive House Standard in Ontario’s two climate zones. An Ontario based large track homebuilder estimated construction capital costs for each tier to examine potential cost barriers against implementation. A significant cost premium of over $65 000 (CAD) (54%) exists between the baseline consumption and the overall 80% heating energy reduction target; a result of unfamiliarity and lack of experience designing and constructing to the proposed levels. This research concludes a large gap exists between early adopters and the mainstream construction industry in terms of super-insulated house construction.
Religion, legal scholarship and higher education: perspectives for the South African context

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article investigates the relationship between religion (in both the traditional and the broader sense) and legal scholarship in South Africa, with special emphasis on the nature of Faculties of Law and universities. The contemporary approach of legal scholarship is overwhelmingly limited to the pragmatic and the empirical, and vehemently in opposition to anything religious. This has dire implications for the accommodation of religious views on reality, and particularly disadvantages adherents of religion in the traditional sense. In this context, critical views on the LLB curriculum pertaining to subject content are included. University education, being driven by commitments and perspectives about mankind and about ultimates, including the accommodation of religion (with specific reference to religion in the traditional sense), requires freedom if it is to discover truth. This is especially true for the dissemination of the law, and by implication for the humanities in general.
Measuring and modeling oxygen diffusion in niobium-vanadium and niobium-palladium alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Niobium alloys are under consideration for high-temperature aerospace applications, but they have poor oxidation resistance and need high-temperature coatings for protection in severe environments. Our approach to creating an oxidation-resistant Nb alloy is to identify substitutional solute elements that lower the diffusivity of oxygen in Nb. In theory, this will induce a transition from internal to external oxidation and promote the formation of a desirable, protective oxide scale. The objective of this particular project is to compare the oxygen diffusivity in Nb alloys that contain either trap or repulsive sites. In Nb, oxygen atoms diffuse via an interstitial mechanism, and they can interact with substitutional solute atoms in different ways. The interstitial sites adjacent to a substitutional atom constitute a “zone of influence”. If the sites in this zone have a lower energy than the normal sites, they are called “trap” sites. If these sites have a higher energy, they are called “repulsive” sites. Oxygen diffusion is inhibited in both cases: trap sites hold the oxygen and keep it from diffusing further, while repulsive sites block the path of the oxygen. Two new mathematical models for interstitial diffusion in these systems were derived from probability and statistical thermodynamic theory. The models were verified using a new random-walk computer simulation of oxygen diffusion through Nb alloys. These models were also tested experimentally by measuring oxygen diffusivity in Nb-V and Nb-Pd alloys. These results showed that V atoms create trap sites for oxygen atoms, confirming previous work. However, there was not enough data to prove definitively that Pd atoms create repulsive sites, as expected by theory. ^
[Four years of monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients in intensive care unit and inpatient clinics].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii which are usually multiply antibiotic resistant, are the most important agents causing infections in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of P. aeruginosa and A.baumannii that cause infections in ICUs and hospital service units and to follow the variation in resistance between the years of 2003 to 2006. P. aeruginosa (n:1071) and A.baumannii (n:587) strains were isolated from blood, urine, wound, sterile body fluid, sputum and tracheal aspirate cultures of patients who were diagnosed to have infections in ICUs and hospital service units. Conventional methods were used for the identification of the bacteria, and antibiotic sensitivies of the isolates were investigated by disk diffusion method. The most effective antibiotics in 2003 were piperacillin-tazobactam (84%), ciprofloxacin (79%), imipenem (77.5%), and meropenem (69%) for P. aeruginosa strains isolated from ICUs. Decreasing sensitivities to imipenem (51%), meropenem (45%), cefepime (51%), piperacillin (38.5%), ciprofloxacin (72%), cefoperazone/sulbactam (44%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (67%) for P. aeruginosa were found statistically significant in 2006 (p < 0.05). The most effective antibiotics were meropenem (98%) imipenem (94%) and ampicillin/sulbactam (72%) for A.baumannii strains isolated from ICUs in 2003. Decreasing sensitivities to imipenem (60.5%), meropenem (69%), cefepime (24%), ciprofloxacin (14%), gentamicin (13%), and amikacin (19%) for A.baumannii were statistically significant in 2006 (p < 0.05). Our data have indicated that P. aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated in ICUs at our hospital showed multi-drug resistance in 2006, with significant increases since 2003 against certain antimicrobial agents. In conclusion there is an urgent need for effective strategies to control the use of antibiotics in our hospital.
Museum Approaches to Judaica: The Forgotten Spoils of the Nazi Plunder of Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Museum professionals are faced with many legal and ethical issues on a daily basis, many of which are rooted in the actions of people in the past. One of the largest issues discussed in our community over the last several decades stems from the mass looting of artwork across Europe by the Nazis during World War Two. While much attention has been given to the procedures and practices museums must go through in order to identify potential stolen works and return them to their rightful owners, Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues were also ransacked by German soldiers and anything of perceived value was stolen. Countless works of Judaica, or Jewish ceremonial objects, and sacred texts were taken from communities and families alike. What has happened with these objects after that fall of the Third Reich, especially when the majority of the Jewish population that once owned these items never returned?\nMy thesis examines the underrepresented topic of looted Judaica from World War Two, particularly looking at its role in museum collections. I examine the actions taken after the war to redistribute heirless property to Jewish museums and institutions around the world and the ongoing international efforts and discussions on provenance research and restitution of these objects as new Jewish communities are forming across Europe. I also examine the issue of object care for looted Judaica from the Registrar’s or Collection Manager’s perspective, identifying special requirements for these objects under Jewish law. Through a series of three case studies, I explore the actual implementation of restitution and special care procedures in Jewish museum today in order to determine the current state of the field. Ultimately, I argue that Jewish institutions need to devote more time to developing restitution claim procedures and policies, while also reshaping their collection care guidelines to reflect, not only museum best practices, but also respect to Jewish tradition and law.
RETARDERS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES: EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND IN-SERVICE COSTS. VOLUME I: TECHNICAL REPORT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The potential benefits to be derived from retarder use in heavy truck applications are evaluated in terms of (1) productivity gains due to decreased trip time, (2) cost savings due to decreased brake wear and maintenance, and (3) safety enhancement due to reduced probability of a runaway accident. The physical factors influencing downhill speed control are described and analyzed. The characteristics of currently available retarders are discussed. An assessment of the retarder market and its future potential is presented. An examination of available accident information is employed in developing safety performance analyses of heavy vehicles on downgrade sections of highways. The results of these various studies are applied in summarizing the items that prospective buyers of retarders need to know in order to estimate the cost benefits to be obtained from various levels of retarder power.
Position and time specify the migration of a pioneering population of olfactory bulb interneurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We defined the cellular mechanisms for genesis, migration, and differentiation of the initial population of olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons. This cohort of early generated cells, many of which become postmitotic on embryonic day (E) 14.5, differentiates into a wide range of mature OB interneurons by postnatal day (P) 21, and a substantial number remains in the OB at P60. Their precursors autonomously acquire a distinct identity defined by their position in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). The progeny migrate selectively to the OB rudiment in a pathway that presages the rostral migratory stream. After arriving in the OB rudiment, these early generated cells acquire cellular and molecular hallmarks of OB interneurons. Other precursors – including those from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and OB – fail to generate neuroblasts with similar migratory capacity when transplanted to the LGE. The positional identity and migratory specificity of the LGE precursors is rigidly established between E12.5 and E14.5. Thus, the pioneering population of OB interneurons is generated from spatially and temporally determined LGE precursors whose progeny uniquely recognize a distinct migratory trajectory.
Music in the Body

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Dance in general and the contredanse in particular have long been recognized as important to eighteenth-century European music. But music theorists have tended to understate the contredanse's unique contribution, when they haven't overlooked it entirely: dances are more often treated as musical styles or topics than as movement patterns, and the minuet, with more explicit connections to art music, has received more attention than the contredanse. This article analyzes the choreography as well as the music of eighteenth-century contredanses to show how this dance supported the development of hypermetrical hearing. The contredanse had surpassed the minuet in popularity by the second half of the eighteenth century, probably in part because of its participatory rather than performative nature. More important, it was the first dance in which alignment of choreography and music consistently extended to multiple hypermetric levels. In addressing the importance of contredanse choreography to eighteenth-century hypermeter, this article makes a broader appeal for incorporation of dance and the body into the study of meter.
IS TRANSLANGUAGING LEGITIMATE IN ENGLISH LEARNING?: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES FROM INDONESIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Translanguaging pedagogy is the balance of using two languages in language learning. As in Indonesian context, the practice of integrating Indonesian language (L1) into English classes (L2) or translanguaging practice is very common to happen. Many students think it is useful for them in learning a foreign language. The students perceived the translingual practice is helpful. However, the teachers still think it is an illegitimate practice. Therefore, this research aims to support the idea of using Indonesian language in English language learning and explore its practice for students scaffolding. The method used was a descriptive qualitative using observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The data source for this research was 40 high school students taught by one English teacher, selected purposefully. The findings of this study show that teachers and students engage in translanguaging activities. The teachers and students use Indonesian language for more than half of the entire teaching and learning process. Although, the teacher still felt that the use of Indonesian language is inevitable due to the students' low abilities. Yet, from the student side, this practice received a positive response. Students found it beneficial for understanding English lessons.
Image Segmentation Based on Pulse Coupled Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces an approach for image segmentation by using pulse coupled neural network (PCNN), based on the phenomena of synchronous pulse bursts in the animal visual cortexes.The neighborhoods considering magnitude and distribution of the pixels are modeled into a factor to control the linking, further, control the internal activity.Segmentation criteria based on majority rule controls the process, and threshold adjustment within one iterative ensures the integrated result.Experiments on several types of image are implemented with the proposed method and the experimental results comparing with classical methods demonstrate its validity.
The Environmental Fluctuations of some Bioactive Nutraceutical Compounds in Zilla spinosa Inhabiting Arid Habitats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zilla spinosa is one of the dominated woody perennial shrubs widespread in the Egyptian Red sea coastal desert, belonging to family Brassicacea. Z. spinosa is used as a folk medicine and for heating by local people. Z. spinosa inhabits arid habitats exposed to adverse climatic changes which influence the production of the bioactive natural products. The natural secondary products have significant importance for plant acclimatization to the arid habitats beside their significant practical application in medicinal, nutritive and industrial purposes. The accumulation levels of some natural products including phenols, tannins, glucosinolates, flavonoids, saponins, proanthocyanidins and cardiac glycosides were measured in Z. spinosa inhabiting different locations of Wadi Hagul during spring and summer seasons. The results of the current study showed that Z. spinosa grown in the adverse environment has adapted to cope with extreme temperature, water deficit and geoclimate changes especially in summer, by enhancing the accumulation of some antioxidant compounds including phenols, tannins, glucosinolates, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, concomitant with increments in the total antioxidant capacity and PAL activity. Consequently, Z. spinosa shrubs inhabiting the arid environment is a promising new source of saponins, glucosinolates, cardiac glycosides, phenols and flavonoids which could participate in drug development and exploration of alternative strategies to increase productivity of wild plants.
Ultra-Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy In The FEG -SEM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Ultra-Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy In The FEG -SEM Get access Jingyue Liu Jingyue Liu Science & Technology, Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 8, Issue S02, 1 August 2002, Pages 706–707, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927602106167 Published: 01 August 2002
Alternative splicing of the metalloprotease ADAMTS17 spacer regulates secretion and modulates autoproteolytic activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ADAMTS proteases mediate biosynthesis and breakdown of secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in numerous physiological and disease processes. In addition to their catalytic domains, ADAMTS proteases contain ancillary domains, which mediate substrate recognition and ECM binding and confer distinctive properties and roles to individual ADAMTS proteases. Although alternative splicing can greatly expand the structural and functional diversity of ADAMTS proteases, it has been infrequently reported and functional consequences have been rarely investigated. Here, we characterize the structural and functional impact of alternative splicing of ADAMTS17, mutations in which cause Weill‐Marchesani syndrome 4. Two novel ADAMTS17 splice variants, ADAMTS17A and ADAMTS17B, were investigated by structural modeling, mass spectrometry, and biochemical approaches. Our results identify a novel disulfide‐bridged insertion in the ADAMTS17A spacer that originates from inclusion of a novel exon. This insertion results in differential autoproteolysis of ADAMTS17, and thus, predicts altered proteolytic activity against other substrates. The second variant, ADAMTS17B, results from an in‐frame exon deletion and prevents ADAMTS17B secretion. Thus, alternative splicing of the ADAMTS spacer significantly regulates the physiologically relevant proteolytic activity of ADAMTS17, either by altering proteolytic specificity (ADAMTS17A) or by altering cellular localization (ADAMTS17B).
The ‘liberal’ and its contributors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The ‘liberal’ and its contributors Get access K. L. H. K. L. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-IX, Issue 233, 14 June 1890, Page 467, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-IX.233.467a Published: 14 June 1890
Non-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing based on eigenvalue decomposition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Postprint accepted on 21 May 2020 for publication in IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference. (c)2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Synthesis and Study of the Properties of Stereocontrolled Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Gel and Its Linear Homopolymer Prepared in the Presence of a Y(OTf)3 Lewis Acid: Effect of the Composition of Methanol–Water Mixtures as Synthesis Media

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels and the corresponding linear homopolymers were synthesized in different methanol-water mixtures (x(m) = 0, 0.13, 0.21, 0.31, 0.43, 0.57, and 0.76, where x(m) is the mole fraction of methanol) in the presence of 0.1 M Y(OTf)(3) Lewis acid. The isotacticity (meso dyad (m), %) and cloud-point temperature of these homopolymers were gradually increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in the x(m) values of the synthesis solvent mixtures. Moreover, the corresponding linear PNIPAM homopolymers prepared in the absence of Y(OTf)(3) showed an almost constant isotacticity of m = 45% and a cloud-point temperature of 33.0 °C. A SEM study revealed that the resulting hydrogels were highly porous except for the gels prepared at x(m) = 0 and 0.76. The swelling ratios of these hydrogels in water at different temperatures and in different methanol-water mixtures at 20 °C and the deswelling rate and the reswelling rate of these hydrogels were studied. All of these swelling results were compared with that of the corresponding gels prepared in the absence of a Lewis acid (Biswas, C. S.; Patel, V. K.; Vishwakarma, N. K.; Mishra, A. K.; Bhimireddi, R.; Rai, R.; Ray, B. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2012, DOI: 10.1002/app.36318) and explained on the basis of the porosity of the gel, the state of aggregation and isotacticity of the PNIPAM chain segment, and the cononsolvency of the methanol-water mixture toward the PNIPAM chain segment.
Issues of the international image of Russia in the modern world

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The image of the country and its perception in the world is one of the most important directions in the politics of modern states. Modern Russia is a country with a controversial image, and today serious debates are raging around this issue in the scientific community. In this article, we will consider issues related to the perception of the image of Russia in the post-bipolar period. Russia, which has a rich history and geopolitical ambitions, is perceived ambiguously today, for some it is an aggressor country, a patron of undemocratic regimes, and for others it is a state that can challenge the hegemony of the United States. The modern image of the country is based on the basis that the Soviet Union formed. As Joseph Nye once noted, the image was associated with victory in World War II, space exploration, and achievements in sports. Modern attacks on Russia are connected with these issues, an active campaign is being conducted to reassess the results of the Second World War, monuments to Soviet soldiers are being demolished in Eastern Europe, their graves are being desecrated, Russia is being accused of using doping in sports, and the anthem was banned at the Olympic Games. Key words: Russia, Soft power, image, perception, propaganda, Crimea, Putin, regime.
<title>Simple iterative method for finding the foe using depth-is-positive constraint</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This short paper reexamines a direct-methods algorithm suggested by Negahdahripour and Horn[5]that finds the focus of expansion (FOE) from translational motion imagery. We propose an practical extension of the algorithm characterize it specifically for a VLSI implementation discuss when it will converge to the correct solution and demonstrate it on real images (both synthetic and natural). The method does not require a solution to the correspondence problem or involve estimation of optical flow.