jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mapless Navigation with Deep Reinforcement Learning based on The Convolutional Proximal Policy Optimization Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, mapless navigation with a deep reinforcement learning approach in Autonomous Mobile Robot has shown a considerable benefit in improving robot behavior flexibility. Specifically, the Robot adapts to complex constraints and performs well in various environments without the need for a predetermined map and route plan. However, several previous studies show a lack of stability in the training of deep reinforcement learning networks for mapless navigation. Moreover, the exploration and exploitation in a specific work environment play an essential role in improving mapless navigation performance, which needs to be carefully considered. From the aforementioned issues, as well as inspired by the Proximal Policy optimization algorithm has shown that it does not only evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of policy but also prevents the policy from changing too much after each time weight update. In this paper, we propose to build a Convolutional Proximal Policy optimization network for the Mapless Navigation problem. Furthermore, the use of Boltzmann's policy to help balance exploration and exploitation also contributes to the Robot's ability to explore more deeply in complex environments, and the performance of the mapless navigation problem is also significantly improved.
Dynamic Analysis for Railway Tunnel at Karakore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research thesis an attempt is made to contribute towards a better understanding of seismic response of deep tunnel using the specific case of the railway tunnel at Karakore, located in one of the active seismic zones of Ethiopia known as escarpment seismic zone. Since stresses due to seismic action on underground structures depend on the seismic ground deformation, the characteristics of ground deformation induced by ground shaking need to be clarified. Therefore, to model the existing situation in a better way and to have good results regarding the deformations induced by the seismic action, finite element analysis has been conducted using the PLAXIS software. The effect of vertically propagating shear wave has been considered as it is expected to be the destructive type of wave for the tunnel under consideration. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and deaggregation has been done so as to obtain the most likely scenario of earthquake causing peak ground acceleration with 10% and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Peak ground acceleration of 0.36g and 0.87g has been obtained from seismic hazard analysis, for 10% and 2% probability of exceedance, respectively. Two pairs of design ground motion; one with magnitude of 5.6 and radius of 20km and the other with magnitude of 5.7 and radius of 33km has been the result of deaggregation process. Ground motion from PEER ground motion database has been selected using the design ground motion having a magnitude of 5.6 and radius of 20km, shear wave velocity and fault mechanism of the area. The selected ground motion data points have been scaled to the peak ground acceleration specified for the site with the 10% probability of exceedance. Full dynamic analysis has been performed to refine the seismic analysis using numerical method. Transversal deformation has been the focus of this analysis and since 2D analysis has been performed, longitudinal deformation has not been considered except for the analytical case.Besides incremental stresses due to earthquake has been calculated assuming linear superposition of dynamic stresses on static stresses. The incremental stresses and strains due to earthquake are compared with unreinforced concrete support capacity and found above the threshold values.
Cell aggregation increases drug resistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One of the major causes of low efficiency of the therapy for acute myeloid leukemia is drug resistance of leukemic cells. Microenvironment plays a key role in formation of the phenotype of leukemic cell drug resistance. Investigation of the mechanisms of microenvironment-mediated drug resistance is important to identify novel pharmacological targets for the acute myeloid leukemia therapy. We studied the role of cell aggregation in the drug resistance of leukemic cells. We showed the increased resistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells THP-1 to bortezomib, doxorubicin and fludarabine in multicellular aggregates. In the multicellular aggregates of THP-1 with the higher drug resistance, cell proliferation activity did not change, while the intracellular level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased. Inhibition of the aggregation of THP-1 cells prevented drug resistance. This work demonstrates the involvement of cell aggregation in the formation of drug resistance phenotype in leukemic cells.
Application of artificial neural network for prediction of marine diesel engine performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study deals with an artificial neural network (ANN) modelling of a marine diesel engine to predict the brake power, output torque, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency. The input data for network training was gathered from engine laboratory testing running at various engine speed. The prediction model was developed based on standard back-propagation Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. The performance of the model was validated by comparing the prediction data sets with the measured experiment data. Results showed that the ANN model provided good agreement with the experimental data with high accuracy.
Adaptive wireless sensor for aerospace application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Typical sources of electronics exposure in space are the high level ionizing radiation such as the Van Allen radiation belt, cosmic radiation for spacecraft and high altitude aircraft. It causes the major problem for airspace operations and space mission. Contemporary visual CCD cameras, CMOS devises, image optical sensors are extremely vulnerable to high level ionized radiation. Radiation hardening technology for contemporary electronic devices such as image sensors and image cameras causes the loss of resolution and is expensive. Using vector-tensor algorithm and theory of self-coupling electromagnetic waves in crystal symmetry 23 we demonstrated optimization of real time image procession. The results of theory were applied to doped bismuth titanium oxide crystal which exhibits electro-optical and photorefractive effect and is not vulnerable for high level X-Ray and 2x107 rad gamma radiation exposure. Under the same level radiation exposure CMOS sensor was damaged. Application potential of doped bismuth titanium oxide crystal image sensor was discussed for nondestructive, non-non-contact, in situ evaluation of the major parts of engineering constructions in space.
Vulnerability Analysis on the CNG Crypto Library

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

최근 마이크로소프트사의 CAPI를 대체하기 위해 제안된 CNG는 플러그인 구조 기반의 독립된 모듈들로 구성되어 있기 때문에 개발비용과 확장 용이성 부분에서 우수하다. 하지만 이러한 이점과 반대로 보안성에 대한 고려는 다소 부족하며, 현재 CNG가 배포되어 활용되고 있는 상황에서 이와 관련된 연구는 반드시 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CNG에서 발생 가능한 보안 취약점을 분석하였다. 분석된 취약점을 토대로 개념 검증 도구를 구현하여 이를 검증하였다. 검증 결과는 CNG를 활용하는 Outlook 프로그램과 Internet Explorer 프로그램에서 메일 및 계정정보의 탈취, Amazon, E-bay, Google, Facebook 웹 사이트의 계정정보의 탈취가 가능하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 CNG를 활용하는 다양한 응용의 보안성을 향상시키는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다. CNG which was released as a substitute of the previous CAPI (Cryptography API) library from Microsoft is constructed with individual modules based on the plug-in architecture, this means CNG is exceedingly helpful in the cost of development as well as the facility of extension. On the opposite side of these advantages, considerations on security issues are quite insufficient. Therefore, a research on security assurance is strongly required in the environment of distributing and utilizing the CNG library, hence, we analyze possible security vulnerabilities on the CNG library. Based on analyzed vulnerabilities, proof-of-concept tools are implemented and vulnerabilities are verified using them. Verified results are that contents of mail, account information of mail server, and authentication information of web-sites such as Amazon, E-bay, Google, and Facebook are exposed in Outlook program and Internet Explorer program using CNG library. We consider that the analyzed result in this paper can improve the security for various applications using CNG library.
Niat Menggunakan E-commerce: Suatu Pendekatan Technology Acceptance Models (Studi Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah Di Kota Bengkulu)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study was aimed to determine the effect of (1) the perceived ease of use, (2) the perceived usefulness, (3) the attitude towards using, and (4) the intention to use in using the E-commerce on the SMEs in Bengkulu city. The characteristics of the SMEs that were used in this study are the SMEs that are listed on the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs in Bengkulu city in the marketing field, that have not using the E-commerce for business activities yet, but already familiar with E-commerce in private, and already completed the training related to electronic commerce, SMEs recording and accounting. The populations in this study were the SMEs registered in the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs in Bengkulu City in the marketing field. Based on the Purposive Sampling Method, the samples obtained were 87 SMEs. The data is analyzed using SmartPLS 2.0 M3. The analysis shows that the perceived ease of use positively affects perceived usefulness, ease of use perceived positively effects the attitudes towards using, the perceived usefulness positively effects the attitudes towards using, the perceived usefulness positively effects the intention to use, and attitudes towards using positively influences the intention to use in using e-commerce in SMEs in Bengkulu city.Key words: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using, intention to use
Effect of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016 to study the effect of coinoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas fluorescens in conjunction with graded levels of chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Results of the experiment showed that the co-inoculation of soybean seeds with B. japonicum and P. fluorescens in conjunction with either 75% or 100% of recommended dose of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers significantly increased seed germination (81.52 and 81.51%), shoot length (54.33 and 54.30 cm), number of branches (6.45 and 6.40/plant), dry plant weight (16.0 and 15.96 g/plant), number of nodules (44.0 and 43.5/plant), dry weight of nodules (1.60 and 1.59 g), dry matter yield (30.90 and 30.85 q/ha), number of pods (136 and 135/plant), 100-grain weight (15.46 and 15.45 g), grain yield (30.60 and 30.50 q/ha), uptake of nitrogen (240.45 and 240.43 kg/ha) and phosphorus (20.46 and 20.45 kg/ha) in soybean. Values recorded with these treatments did not differ statistically from those recorded with the treatment of recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, suggesting 25% saving in chemical fertilizers by co-inoculation with B. japonicum and P. fluorescens.
Congenital Posterior Choanal Atresia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although described more than two centuries ago, congenital choanal atresa remains an entity for which optimum treatment is not yet established. In a study of 29 cases of congenital choanal atresia during a 14-year period, 14 male and 15 female patients were diagnosed, in contrast with the 2:1 female-male ratio usually reported. Thirty-two operative procedures were performed on 16 surgically treated patients in the series. The two classes of surgical treatment, transpalatal and transnasal techniques, were marked by 66% and 73% recurrence rates, respectively, from 2 months to 6.5 years of follow-up. In previous studies, facial growth disturbances have been shown to result from transpalatal resection in the growing child, whereas transnasal techniques have been indicted as a cause of serious neurologic complications. Because no major morbidity resulted from 20 endonasal procedures in this series, early serial endonasal perforation is advocated as a means of establishing and maintaining a patent nasal airway until definitive transnasal repair can be performed when facial growth is more complete.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Lactic Acid Levels: a Rapid and Reliable Way To Differentiate Viral from Bacterial Meningitis or Concurrent

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

I read with interest the articles by Drs. Nolte and Basmaci, et al.,regarding potential concurrent acute viral meningitis (AVM) and acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) (2, 10). I agree the proba-bility of concurrent ABM/AVM is exceedingly rare, but their con-cerns merit a response. The diagnostic difficulties mentioned could have been easily sorted out with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactic acid levels. CSF lactic acid levels are a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive method for early differentiation of AVM from ABM levels. For over 30 years, Winthrop-University Hospital has used CSF lactic acids levels to rapidly differentiate AVM fromABM (1, 3, 4). Our CSF lactic acid level breakpoints are 3 mmol/liter for normal/AVM, 3 to 6 mmol/liter for partially treated bacterial meningitis (PTBM), and 6 mmol/liter for ABM. CSF lactic acid levels may be slightly increased with CSF red blood cells (RBCs). CSF lactic acid levels increase in proportion to the duration/number of RBCs in CSF (1,
A proposal for including humus forms in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB-FAO)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The last delivery of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2006) updated previous texts adopted by the ISSS Council, and was proposed at the 18th World Congress of Soil Science as the official reference for soil nomenclature. It was considered by the entire soil community as the better framework “through which existing soil classification systems could be correlated and harmonized”. As in previous drafts, the humus form, i.e. the part of the topsoil which is strongly influenced by biological activities and organic matter (litter included), was only partially considered, taking into account organic layers only when their thickness was very high, and ignoring many fundamental evidences necessary for a sufficiently precise characterization of forest soils, as well as all soils not periodically ploughed. A modern, biologically meaningful classification of humus forms has been proposed at the European level by Zanella et al. (2011: a. A European morpho-functional classification of humus forms. Geoderma 164, 138-145; b. European Humus Forms Reference Base [http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/17/95/PDF/Humus_Forms_ERB_31_01_2011.pdf]), encompassing a wide variety of humus forms, both in terrestrial and semi-terrestrial environments. This morpho-functional classification, which has been recently updated thanks to users’ feedbacks, is the basis of our proposal to include humus form characterization in the WRB, for the sake of completing and improving this soil classification system. \nFollowing WRB specifications, two tiers of categorical detail have been performed: 31 Reference Humus Form Groups or RHFGs (tier 1), and the combination of RHFGs with prefixes and suffixes, detailing the properties of RHFGs by adding a set of uniquely defined qualifiers (tier 2). \n\tThe architecture proposed for the RHFGs is based on the same principles as WRB: “[RHFGs] are allocated to higher-level groups on the basis of diagnostic characters, i.e. factors or processes that most clearly influence the biological formation of [humus forms]”. The 10 historical main groups of humus forms, elaborated by Zanella et al. (2011a, b) for classifying terrestrial humus forms (Mull, Moder, Mor, Amphi, Tangel) and semi-terrestrial humus forms (Mull, Amphi, Moder, Anmoor, Mor) and their second-level units (terrestrial: dys, eu, hemi, humi, lepto, meso, oligo, pachi; semiterrestrial: fibri, humi, limi, mesi, sapri) were combined to create a first-level classification of 31 RHFGs. Specific prefix and suffix qualifiers are then associated to RHFGs, allowing a wide variety of variants (second-level classification) to be defined according to biological (vegetation) and environmental (geology, climate) context.
Comparative Assessment of Prospective Protein Bases for Microbiological Media

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective of the work is to carry out comparative assessment of the pancreatic hydrolysates of protein-containing products, both phytogenous and zoogenous, as nutrient base for microbiological media. Gelatine, soy, soy concentrate, maize gluten, fish meal, common kilka, and bovine blood have been used as a feedstock. Protein stuff hydrolysis, hydrolysate purification, and validation of physical-chemical properties were performed in accordance with conventional techniques. Testing of peptone biological parameters has been carried out on the model of nutrient agar using Shigella flexneri 1a 8516, Shigella sonnei “S form”, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27/99, Serratia plymuthica 1 test strains. Identified have been physical-chemical parameters of the hydrolysates under study. Detected are the variations in quantity, diameter and frequency of dissociation among the colonies of Shigella flexneri 1a 8516, Shigella sonnei “S form”, chromogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27/99, Serratia plymuthica 1, cultivated on agar media with hydrolysates under study. Obtained are the comparative data on physical-chemical and biological parameters of all experimental hydrolysates, which offers an opportunity to differentiate their choice when adding them into bacteriological nutrient media.
Green methodology based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography for 5‐nitroimidazole analysis in water samples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been proposed as an extraction technique combined with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the analysis of eight 5‐nitroimidazole compounds, including some metabolites, in water samples. Determination has been carried out using a diode array detector, employing 20 mM sodium phosphate and 150 mM SDS as separation buffer. Separation has taken place under a voltage of 25 kV and a temperature of 20°C. Samples were prepared in a buffer without micelles and they were hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 25 s, producing a sweeping effect on the analytes for increasing sensitivity. Different factors involved in the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure were optimized, such as sample pH, nature, and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents in the mixture, percentage of NaCl added to sample and shaking time after the injection of the extraction and dispersive solvents. The method was characterized for water samples, achieving detection limits lower than 2.4 μg/L. Trueness was checked in river, tap, and bottled water. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with MEKC constitutes an easy, cheap, and green alternative for 5‐nitroimidazole analysis in environmental water samples.
Exacerbations of Cystic Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

I. Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians caused by mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (1-3). The spectrum of clinical presentation in CF is vast and depends on which organs are affected. Since the discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989, a broad spectrum of CF phenotypes has been associated with specific CFTR gene mutations (1). CF is characterized by chronic lung infection and inflammation, with periods of acute exacerbation causing severe and irreversible lung tissue damage. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of CF has increased, pulmonary infections remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CF.
Agricultural Landscapes in Brandenburg, Germany: An Analysis of Characteristics and Spatial Patterns

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The increasing demand for agricultural commodities for food and energy purposes has led to intensified agricultural land management, along with the homogenization of landscapes, adverse biodiversity effects and robustness of landscapes regarding the provision of ecosystem services. At the same time, subsidized organic agriculture and extensive grassland use supports the provision of ecosystem services. Yet little is understood about how to evaluate a landscape’s potential to contribute to protecting and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services. To address this gap, we use plot-level data from the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) for Germany’s federal state of Brandenburg, and based on a two-step cluster analysis, we identify six types of agricultural landscapes. These clusters differ in landscape structure, diversity and measures for agricultural land management intensity. Agricultural land in Brandenburg is dominated by high shares of cropland but fragmented differently. Lands under organic management and those with a high share of maize show strong spatial autocorrelation, pointing to local clusters. Identification of different types of landscapes permits locally- and region-adapted designs of environmental and agricultural policy measures improves outcome-oriented environmental policy impact evaluation and landscape planning. Our approach allows transferability to other EU regions.
Cashew nut-based beverage: development, characteristics and stability during refrigerated storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A cashew nut-based beverage was obtained using broken cashew kernels and its composition and stability were evaluated during refrigerated storage for 60 days. Sensory tests were performed to define the formulation, testing the best proportion between kernels and water, the effect of kernel roasting, the ideal sweetness, the beverage attributes and the sensory acceptance. A cashew nut beverage can be obtained by grinding the kernel with water in the proportion of 1:10 (m/m) with added sugar at 3%, followed by heat treatment at 140ºC for four seconds. The proximate composition was 11.49% total solids, 0.26% ashes, 1.83% proteins, 3.97% lipids and 5.43% total carbohydrates. The pH remained above 6.49 and the color darkened during storage. The product was considered microbiologically safe and shelf-stable for at least 2 months, and sensory acceptance remained at an average value of 7.1 on a 9-point hedonic scale.
Family Polyomaviridae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polyomaviruses (PyV) are unenveloped DNA viruses with T=7 icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of ~45 nm. PyV genomes are covalently closed double- stranded DNA (~5000 bp) associated with histones. A few PyVs are cause with disease, but historically they were studied as models for understanding the processes of DNA replication, transcription, cell cycle control, and cell transformation. PyVs tumor (T) antigens are transforming proteins due to their ability to bind and inactivate pRB family members and p53. Most humans are infected with PyVs and these seldom cause disease in immunocompetent individuals. Increased use of immunosuppressive drugs has lead to increased reports of PyV-associated disease.