jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of acute pharmacologic effects of prolactin on calcium and water transport in the rat colon by an in vivo perfusion technique

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated the acute effect of intraperitoneally administered prolactin on calcium and water transport in colon of sexually mature female Wistar rats using an in vivo perfusion technique. Test solution containing (in mM) NaCl, 100; KCl, 4.7; MgSO4, 1.2; CaCl2, 20; D-glucose, 11; sodium ferrocyanide (Na4Fe(CN)6), an index of net water transport, 20; and 0.7 (microCi 45CaCl2 (1 Ci = 37 GBq) was perfused througth the 8-cm colonic loop for 60 min at perfusion rates of 0.5 or 1.0 mL x min(-1). Calcium and water transport was also studied under a no flow condition to stimulate the condition often found in the colon by in vivo ligated colonic loop for 30 min. Control results showed no correlation between calcium transport and water flux. Flow of luminal solution at 0.5 and 1.0 mL x min(-1) was found to reverse net calcium absorption from 0.04+/-0.01 nmol x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1) to net calcium secretion of 0.04+/-0.04 and 0.9+/-0.02 nmol x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1), respectively. Neither 0.4, 0.6, nor 1.0 mg x kg(-1) prolactin had any effect on calcium fluxes in the colon. On the other hand, at a perfusion rate of 1 mL x min(-1), 0.4 mg x kg(-1) prolactin significantly decreased net water absorption from 3.86+/-0.90 to 0.88+/-0.64 mL x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1) (P < 0.001), and the higher doses of 0.6 and 1.0 mg x kg(-1) prolactin reversed net water absorption to net water secretion of 2.20+/-0.63 and 2.33+/-0.89 mL x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1), respectively (P < 0.001). The stimulatory effect of prolactin on water transport was completely abolished by reducing the perfusion rate from 1.0 mL x min(-1) to zero. The stimulatory effect of prolactin on water secretion at perfusion rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) was also abolished when luminal [Na+] was reduced from 180 to 80 mM. We concluded that, unlike in the small intestine, calcium fluxes in the colon are not related to water transport and did not respond at all to prolactin. Water transport, on the other hand, was reversed from net absorption to secretion by prolactin. We propose that this prolactin-induced water secretion is probably mediated by recycling of luminal sodium in the vicinity of tight junctions.
Posttranscriptional and Translational Control of Gene Regulation in CD4+ T Cell Subsets

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The immune system is under strict regulatory control to ensure homeostasis of inflammatory responses, lying dormant when not needed but quick to act when called upon. Small changes in gene expression can lead to drastic changes in lineage commitment, cellular function, and immunity. Conventional assessment of these changes centered on the analysis of mRNA levels through a variety of methodologies, including microarrays. However, mRNA synthesis does not always correlate directly to protein synthesis and downstream functional activity. Work conducted in recent years has begun to shed light on the various posttranscriptional changes that occur in response to a dynamic external environment that a given cell type encounters. We provide a critical review of key posttranscriptional mechanisms (i.e., microRNA) and translational mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in the immune system, with a particular emphasis on these regulatory processes in various CD4+ T cell subsets.
Connection for conservation: The impact of counting butterflies on nature connectedness and wellbeing in citizen scientists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Biodiversity conservation is fundamentally linked to human values, attitudes, and behaviours. Nature connectedness, the strength of a person's relationship with nature, is an important determinant of pro-nature actions, and therefore vital for counteracting biodiversity loss. Citizen science may improve nature connectedness, though such outcomes are underexplored in comparison to scientific and educational results. Addressing this gap, we studied the experiences of participants in the Big Butterfly Count, a UK mass-participation citizen science activity that aims to raise awareness and gather data on the abundance of widespread butterfly and moth species. Participants completed surveys before and after the three-week Big Butterfly Count period (n = 382), and at six- to seven-week follow up (n = 345). Improvements in nature connectedness, decreased anxiety, and increased tendency to notice nature and butterflies, were found immediately after the count period, with improved wellbeing and nature noticing at follow-up. Stronger emotional responses during the butterfly count were associated with greater increases in nature connectedness and nature noticing. Qualitative data revealed mixed emotions, from sadness and concern about biodiversity loss, to feelings of hope and optimism through taking actions to help butterflies. These findings suggest that citizen science participation prompts people to notice and enjoy nature in ways that enhance their wellbeing and connection with nature, supporting the mutual health of people and the rest of the natural world. The study highlights the potential for nature-based citizen science to benefit conservation beyond the focal species or habitat, by changing how people think, feel and act towards nature more broadly.
Smartphone remote control for home automation applications based on acoustic wake-up receivers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In most home automation scenarios electronic devices like shutters or entertainment products (Hifi, TV) are constantly in a standby mode that consumes a considerable amount of energy. The standby mode is necessary to react to commands triggered by the user. To reduce the standby current we present a node that can be attached to the plug of electronic devices and that can turn them on and off. The node contains a wake-up receiver module that reacts to an acoustic 18 kHz tone and that switches the node from active to passive mode. In active mode the node can turn on or off the respectively power source for the device under control. The acoustic wake-up signal can be sent out by any kind of speaker which enables a commercial smartphone to act as an universal acoustic remote control without line-of-sight requirement. Our wake-up receiver consists of an 18 kHz LF receiver and an MEMs-Microphone. A wake-up range of 7.5 m using a smartphone as a sender was achieved. The overall power consumption was measured to 56 µW in standby mode. Using a 230 mAh coin cell as the energy supply a theoretical lifetime of 500 days is possible.
Scutellaria baicalensis extracts alleviate zymosan-induced irritable bowel syndrome symptoms by modulating inflammation and ion channel activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Scutellaria baicalensis extracts (SBE) have demonstrated potential therapeutic effects against gastrointestinal disorders. This study evaluated the effects of SBE on zymosan-induced irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and the underlying mechanisms involved. The major components of SBE, baicalin and baicalein, were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. SBE inhibited pacemaker potentials in interstitial cells of Cajal in vitro, with an IC₅₀ value of 27.48 μg/mL. In an animal model of IBS, SBE administration restored colonic length, weight, and stool consistency. Furthermore, SBE reduced tumor necrosis factor-α expression and alleviated pain-associated behaviors. Histological analysis revealed that SBE treatment restored normal colon tissue structure and significantly reduced inflammation. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that SBE inhibited the activity of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, including TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPA1, as well as voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1.5), which are associated with visceral pain hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that SBE has therapeutic potential, making it a promising candidate for the management of IBS.
36 SERIAL SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER INCREASES PREGNANCY LOSSES IN GOATS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Serial cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successful in several mammalian species. This method can be beneficial for transgenic line expansion or resetting the lifespan of transgenic cells. Previous studies in bovine and porcine have shown a decrease in efficiency over multiple iterations of serial cloning. However, the contradictory data has been reported in mice where no decrease in cloning efficiency was observed after 25 generations of recloning. To our knowledge, no data have been reported investigating the efficiency of serial cloning in goats. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an effect of recloning on goat SCNT efficiency. aMHC-TGF-ß1 fetal fibroblast cells (containing transforming growth factor-ß under control of a cardiac-specific promoter) were produced by electroporation and used for the first round of SCNT. For serial cloning, we used neonatal fibroblast cells obtained from skin biopsies used as nuclear donors. These cells were collected from the transgenic cloned goats generated by the first round of SCNT. Cumulus-oocyte complexes recovered from abattoir-derived ovaries using slicing technique were matured in vitro for 20 to 24 h. The first polar body and metaphase plate were removed from a cumulus cell-free oocyte, and a donor fibroblast cell was subsequently transferred into the enucleated oocyte. Fused embryos were then activated for 5 min in 5 mM ionomycin followed by 4 h in 2 mM DMAP with 5 mg mL-1 cycloheximide. Activated embryos were cultured in G1 medium with 5 mg mL-1 BSA for 12 h, followed by surgical transfer into the oviducts of recipients synchronized to show oestrus within 12 h of SCNT. In total, 592 and 395 embryos were transferred to 37 and 25 recipient goats, respectively, for the first and second round of SCNT. Pregnancy rate, rate of pregnancy loss, and term rate were analysed by Chi-squared with a 2-tailed P-value. No significant difference was observed in Day 40 pregnancy rates (32.4 v. 36%) and term rates (32.4 v. 20%) between the first round of cloning and the successive recloning. However, the rate of pregnancy losses was significantly greater in recloning group (P &lt; 0.05), with 4 out of 9 pregnancies lost between Day 40 of gestation and term, whereas no pregnancy losses were observed after Day 40 of gestation in the first-round cloning group. The greater pregnancy loss in the recloning procedure might be caused by accumulation of epigenetic errors resulting from incomplete reprogramming. We are assessing the DNA methylation pattern of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of 2 paternally imprinted genes (H19 and IGF2R) in the cloned and recloned goats and expect to see a difference in their imprinted gene DNA methylation pattern, which could explain the greater rate of pregnancy loss in recloned goats.
Nursing Management Positions ??? for Non-Nurses?

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssueArchivePublished Ahead-of-Print NCPDOnline Exclusives Are male nurses emotionally intelligent?Inspirational leaders: The ideal mentorsManaging delirium behaviorsSelected results of the 2017 Nursing Management Wellness SurveyResults from the Filipino nurses in the United States studyGetting Accountability Right bonus contentGenetics/genomics competencies for RNs and nurses with graduate degrees"Nurse Leader Impact: A Review" summary of research studiesLeadership: Where we've been, where we are, and where we're goingResults from the 2019 Emergency/Trauma/Transport Nursing Workforce SurveyResults from the HIMSS 2020 Nursing Informatics Workforce SurveySelected results of the 2020 Nursing Management Wellness Survey #WhyIStayCollections Supporting Nurse Well-BeingBest of 2020COVID-19 ResourcesExecutive ExtraFor New ManagersMagnet ExcellenceOriginal ResearchPathway to ExcellencePatient SafetyPerformance PotentialSelf-Care for NursesTeam ConceptsYear of the Nurse and MidwifeView All Multimedia PodcastsWebinars ConferencesInfo & Services About the PublicationEditorial BoardAffiliated SocietiesSubscription ServicesAdvertisingInfo for Authors & ReviewersReprintsRights and PermissionsOpen Access All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
An Expeditious Synthesis of Pyrophosphate Analogues of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Using the Phosphonylating Agent Methyl Methylphosphonomorpholidate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reaction of methyl lithiomethylphosphonomorpholidate with farnesyl chloride (1-chloro-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene) followed by demethylation and subsequent coupling with phosphoric acid or methylphosphonic acid gave O-(farnesylmethylphosphono)phosphate (8; farnesylmethylphosphonic phosphoric anhydride) and O-(farnesylmethylphosphono)methylphosphonate (9; farnesylmethylphosphonic methylphosphonic anhydride), respectively. Furthermore, conversion of title compound 2 into tetrabutylammonium methylphosphonomorpholidate (10) followed by coupling with farnesylphosphonic acid gave O-(farnesylphosphono)methylphosphonate (12; farnesylphosphonic methylphosphonic anhydride).
Closing the Gap on COVID-19 Vaccinations in First Responders and Beyond: Increasing Trust

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although COVID-19 vaccines are widely available in the U.S. and much of the world, many have chosen to forgo this vaccination. Emergency medical services (EMS) professionals, despite their role on the frontlines and interactions with COVID-positive patients, are not immune to vaccine hesitancy. Via a survey conducted in April 2021, we investigated the extent to which first responders in the U.S. trusted various information sources to provide reliable information about COVID-19 vaccines. Those vaccinated generally trusted healthcare providers as a source of information, but unvaccinated first responders had fairly low trust in this information source—a group to which they, themselves, belong. Additionally, regardless of vaccination status, trust in all levels of government, employers, and their community as sources of information was low. Free-response explanations provided some context to these findings, such as preference for other COVID-19 management options, including drugs proven ineffective. A trusted source of COVID-19 vaccination information is not readily apparent. Individuals expressed a strong desire for the autonomy to make vaccination decisions for themselves, as opposed to mandates. Potential reasons for low trust, possible solutions to address them, generalizability to the broader public, and implications of low trust in official institutions are discussed.
Heat Transfer between Metallic Surfaces in Contact : 1st report, The Conditions of Both Metals in Contact Being the Same

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The theoretical analysis of a model of contact which is idealized in one of our test specimen shows that the convergent and divergent heat flows at the metallic contact spots on account of poor thermal conductivity of medium become strong contributory causes for thermal contact resistance. The experimental data on the contact of same metals agree fairly well with the exact solution obtained on the above-mentioned model of contact, assuming that the metallic contact spots are uniformly distributed and their equivalent radii are all of a size and approximately equal to 30μ.
Mariko WATANABE ◊

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper measured the impact on default risk of trade credit contracts over the economic transaction and cash demand. The results showed that foreign direct investment (FDI) firms extended larger trade credits to their trading partner, whereas there were high ratios of cash on delivery in transactions among Chinese firms, both privately and publicly owned firms. FDI firms are the providers of credit in the economy as they have higher “enforcement technology ” of trade credits. We also found that the enforcement technology of trade credit contracts is mainly comprised of the competitiveness of traded goods, the function of local government players, and the nature of corporate governance (private owners have a higher enforcement probability). A firm with a higher enforcement probability would provide a larger trade credit and enjoy larger transaction volumes. Elasticity of “enforcement technology ” to economic transaction volume was estimated to be approximately 2.2. Simulations showed that if the enforcement probability was raised so that it was distributed uniformly at 75%, the volume of economic transactions would increase by 24 % and the size of trade credits would increase by 30%. Economic losses due to the incompleteness of the trade credit contract were proved to be significant. Furthermore, we confirmed that high trade credit contract enforcement technology had a positive external effect through increasing trade credit and transaction volumes in the economy. Key words: trade credit, contract enforcement, corporate governance, spillover of technology, demand for cash
The urgency of developing trust and interpersonal communication skills of students through role playing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Students as social beings cannot be separated from various activities that involve other people. Related to this need, interaction becomes a decisive part. The most important element in interacting is having good self-confidence and interpersonal communication skills. The problem of self-confidence and students’ interpersonal communication skills has become more widespread. Role playing is one of the right techniques used to overcome this problem. This technique aims to prepare students to take on the role of people, to develop insights about unspoken attitudes, thoughts, and feelings, which often determine the behavior of others, and to increase self-confidence and communication skills through student participation in implementing challenges communication faced. This text will explain how the urgency of developing self-confidence, and interpersonal communication can be developed through role playing.
Playing games using EEG signals (part II)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are nearly 10 percent of the global population that are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by the age of 7, which can impair learning performance as well as their social life. [1] For these individuals, sustaining self-control or attention in performing tasks are highly difficult due to their wide and rapidly changing attention span. Currently, there is no effective clinical methods to prevent this condition. However, treatments targeted at reducing the symptoms of ADHD are available such as psychotherapy, medication as well as diet and nutrition. This can be very costly over a long period of time. This Final Year Project focuses on developing a Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) application, providing a platform for children with such disorder as well as healthy users to train their 4C’s – Concentration, Control, Confidence and Calmness, through neurogaming. With the use of Emotiv EPOC headset and Emotiv Control Panel, the method of extracting and interpreting electrical activities of the brain is utilized, which is known as Electroencephalography (EEG). In this way, cognitive commands can be interpreted and events can be executed. These events can then be mapped to specific key bindings on the computer keyboard which are used as an input to the system. The 3D and 2D multiplayer games, “MindBlown” and “HoverRun” were developed using Unity, a cross-platform game development engine. By using the cognitive commands trained in the Emotiv Control Panel, the players can control specific functions of the ingame characters, competing to win the game. This project allowed BCI to showcase its potential to the public at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) College of Engineering (COE) Open House in December 2015 as well as NTU Open House in March 2016.
Nucleotide‐induced folding of cell division protein FtsZ from Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The essential bacterial division protein FtsZ uses GTP binding and hydrolysis to assemble into dynamic filaments that treadmill around the Z‐ring, guiding septal wall synthesis and cell division. FtsZ is a structural homolog of tubulin and a target for discovering new antibiotics. Here, using FtsZ from the pathogen S. aureus (SaFtsZ), we reveal that, prior to assembly, FtsZ monomers require nucleotide binding for folding; this is possibly relevant to other mesophilic FtsZs. Apo‐SaFtsZ is essentially unfolded, as assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism. Binding of GTP (≥ 1 m m ) dramatically shifts the equilibrium toward the active folded protein. Supportingly, SaFtsZ refolded with GDP crystallizes in a native structure. Apo‐SaFtsZ also folds with 3.4 m glycerol, enabling high‐affinity GTP binding ( K D 20 n m determined by isothermal titration calorimetry) similar to thermophilic stable FtsZ. Other stabilizing agents that enhance nucleotide binding include ethylene glycol, trimethylamine N‐oxide, and several bacterial osmolytes. High salt stabilizes SaFtsZ without bound nucleotide in an inactive twisted conformation. We identified a cavity behind the SaFtsZ‐GDP nucleotide‐binding pocket that harbors different small compounds, which is available for extended nucleotide‐replacing inhibitors. Furthermore, we devised a competition assay to detect any inhibitors that overlap the nucleotide site of SaFtsZ, or Escherichia coli FtsZ, employing osmolyte‐stabilized apo‐FtsZs and the specific fluorescence anisotropy change in mant ‐GTP upon dissociation from the protein. This robust assay provides a basis to screening for high‐affinity GTP‐replacing ligands, which combined with structural studies and phenotypic profiling should facilitate development of a next generation of FtsZ‐targeting antibacterial inhibitors.