jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stimulation by nitric oxide of an NAD linkage to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nitric oxide-stimulated modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by [adenylate-32P]NAD has been interpreted in recent reports as ADP-ribosylation. Incubations of GAPDH with the NO-releasing agent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NAD resulted, however, in essentially equal incorporation of radiolabel from the adenine, phosphate, and nicotinamide moieties to the extent of approximately 0.02 mol of NAD.mol of GAPDH-1. Modification of GAPDH by free adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADP-ribose) was only 10% of that by NAD. Exposure of GAPDH modified by NAD in the presence of SNP to HgCl2, which acts at thiol linkages, released two products. Both contained nicotinamide and adenylate but did not cochromatograph with NAD. GAPDH activity was inhibited by SNP in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of NAD. When inhibition was 80%, with 1 mM SNP and 1 mM dithiothreitol, covalent modification with NAD was < 2%. This result is consistent with the conclusion that inhibition of GAPDH activity by SNP in the presence of NAD is due primarily to active-site nitrosylation, as reported by other workers, and is not due to the minor modification with NAD. These results demonstrate that NO-stimulated modification of GAPDH with NAD is not ADP-ribosylation as previously reported but rather is covalent binding of NAD through a NO-dependent thiol intermediate, possibly providing an example of an unexpected, altered reactivity of a nitrosylated protein.
Investigating Remote Hands-On Assistance for Collaborative Development of Embedded Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Developing embedded systems is a complex endeavor that frequently requires collaborative teamwork. With the rise of freelance work and the global shift towards remote work, the need for effective remote collaboration has become crucial for many developers and their clients. However, current communication and coordination tools are predominantly tailored for software development rather than hardware-focused tasks. This study investigates the potential for remote support tools specifically designed for embedded systems development. Through interviews with 12 experienced embedded systems developers, we explored their existing remote work practices, challenges, and requirements. We also conducted a user enactment study featuring a custom-designed remote manipulation agent, Handy, as a theoretical assistant, to identify the kinds of support developers would value in a collaborative setting. Our findings highlight the scenarios and strategies employed in remote work, the specific support needs, and the challenges related to information exchange, coordination, and execution. Additionally, we explore concerns around privacy, control, and trust when using remote physical manipulation tools. This research contributes to the field by integrating the development of embedded systems with the remote, on-demand collaboration and assistance typical of software environments, offering a solid empirical foundation for future research on remote manipulation agents in this area.
Variation at the Interfaces in Ibero-Romance. Catalan and Spanish Prosody and Word Order

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study we investigate how word order interacts with prosody in the expression of sentence\n\t\t\t\t modality and different focus constructions in different varieties of Catalan and Spanish. We analyze\n\t\t\t\t a corpus obtained by means of two tasks: a) a production test designed to elicit different focus\n\t\t\t\t constructions by means of question-answer pairs from short picture stories and b) the Discourse\n\t\t\t\t Completion Task methodology. The collected data were prosodically and syntactically annotated.\n\t\t\t\t Our data confirm that in Catalan and Spanish the intonational prominence tends to be located in\n\t\t\t\t clause-final position but this is completely true only for broad focus declaratives, since the main\n\t\t\t\t prominence can also fall on clause-initial position in Eastern Catalan and Basque Spanish informational\n\t\t\t\t focus declaratives or remain in situ in both informational and contrastive focus declaratives\n\t\t\t\t (especially in val_cat or Spanish). As for interrogative modality, an important distinction is\n\t\t\t\t made between languages that can present subject-verb inversion in direct questions (val_cat and\n\t\t\t\t Spanish) and languages that cannot (Eastern Catalan). In Eastern Catalan the subject is dislocated
An improved representation of vehicle incompatibility in frontal NCAP tests using a modified rigid barrier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the objective of better understanding the significance of New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) tests conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), head-on collisions between two identical cars of different sizes and between cars and a pickup truck are studied in the present paper using LS-DYNA models. Available finite element models of a compact car (Dodge Neon), midsize car (Dodge Intrepid), and pickup truck (Chevrolet C1500) are first improved and validated by comparing the analysis-based vehicle deceleration pulses against corresponding NCAP crash test histories reported by NHTSA. In confirmation of prevalent perception, simulation-based results indicate that an NCAP test against a rigid barrier is a good representation of a collision between two similar cars approaching each other at a speed of 56.3 kmph (35 mph) both in terms of peak deceleration and intrusions. However, analyses carried out for collisions between two incompatible vehicles, such as an Intrepid or Neon against a C1500, point to the inability of the NCAP tests in representing the substantially higher intrusions in the front upper regions experienced by the cars, although peak decelerations in cars are comparable to those observed in NCAP tests. In an attempt to improve the capability of a front NCAP test to better represent real-world crashes between incompatible vehicles, i.e., ones with contrasting ride height and lower body stiffness, two modified rigid barriers are studied. One of these barriers, which is of stepped geometry with a curved front face, leads to significantly improved correlation of intrusions in the upper regions of cars with respect to those yielded in the simulation of collisions between incompatible vehicles, together with the yielding of similar vehicle peak decelerations obtained in NCAP tests. Â© Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
The Effect of Simultaneous Expression of miR-146a-5p and miR-193a-5p on the Expression of MMP-9 Gene in Colorectal Cancer (HT-29 cell line)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the worldwide. microRNAs are a group of non-coding small RNAs that inhibit target mRNA translation. miR-146a-5p and miR-193a-5p are known as tumor-suppressors, which down expressed in many cancers. In this study, the purpose was to restore the expression level of miR-146a-5p and miR-193a-5p up to normal level, and to investigate their synergetic effects on MMP-9 gene expression in HT-29 cells. Materials and Methods: The HT-29 cell line from colorectal cancer was cultured in RPMI-1640 culture media. Then, miR-146a and miR-193a were transfected with Jet-PEI reagent.The expression of miR-146a, miR-193a and MMP-9 gene in transfected HT-29 cells and control cells were evaluated by using the qR-PCR technique. Statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism 6 statistical software. Results: Our results show that the expression levels of miR-193a and miR-146a were increased after transfection, and in comparison with un-transfected cells, the expression level of MMP-9 was decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the simultaneous replacement of miR-146a and miR-193a may act as a potent tumor-suppressor and has an important role in cancer cell migration by influencing molecules such as MMP-9. Thus, simultaneous use of these two microRNAs may be suggested as a potential therapeutic goal in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Environmental awareness, environmental R&D spillovers, and privatization in a mixed duopoly

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Assuming that consumption goods are differentiated in terms of environmental friendliness in a mixed duopolistic market, we present an analysis of public firm privatization effects on the environment and social welfare. The public firm maximizes the weighted average of its profit and social welfare. The private firm maximizes its profit. Consumers are aware of the environmental friendliness of goods. We demonstrate that an increase in the degree of public firm privatization lowers its environmental R&D investment and output. The decreased public firm’s R&D in turn lowers the private firm’s R&D investment through spillovers. The reduction of R&D investment by both firms decreases the environmental friendliness of these goods. Consumers consequently decrease their consumption of these goods. Therefore, if consumers exhibit environmental friendliness, then an increased degree of privatization might be socially undesirable.
A Rendering Equation for Specular Transfers and Its Integration into Global Illumination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a rigorous theoretical formulation of the fundamental problem—indirect illumination from area sources via curved ideal specular surfaces. Intensity and area factors are introduced to clarify this problem and to rectify the radiance from these specular surfaces. They take surface geometry, such as Gaussian curvature, into account. Based on this formulation, an algorithm for integrating ideal specular transfers into global illumination is also presented. This algorithm can deal with curved specular reflectors and transmitters. An implementation is described based on wavefront tracing and progressive radiosity. Sample images generated by this method are presented.
Using colleague coaching to develop teacher data literacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on teachers developing their own data literacy and then acting as data coaches for colleagues in their schools. The 13 teachers from 8 schools in the study analysed standardised data using a data conversation protocol, identified students with significant mathematical misconceptions and took data-informed action with these students. Through this inquiry process they developed confidence to act as data coaches with a small number of colleagues. By positioning themselves as co-learners with their coachees the teachercoaches circumvented school power dynamics. Instead they drew authority from their own inquiries using the data conversation protocol. Nonetheless, some faced challenges when coachees were assigned to the process and/or the formative intent of data use was not clear to coachees.
The Impact of Women's Relative Earnings and Gender Equity on the Recuperation of Fertility among Older Couples in Britain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Around one in five women in Britain currently reaching the end of their childbearing years remains childless. Whilst much previous research has highlighted the risk factors for early childbearing, relative little is known in Britain about the factors associated with the successful recuperation of fertility at later ages. This paper uses a couple approach to investigate how entry into parenthood at later ages depends on the man’s and woman’s relative resources and gender role equity. We focus on men and women in their thirties since it is at this age that we see significant recuperation of childbearing in Britain following postponement. The research uses detailed life course data from the 1970 Birth Cohort Study. Childless couples interviewed at age 30 are followed up at ages 34 and 38. At age 30, information was collected about the individual and their partner’s levels of education, employment circumstances, occupation and levels of pay. In addition, the respondent provided data on the division of domestic tasks within the household, their own gender role orientation and their intentions for having children. We use event history analysis to model the timing of first birth as a function of these fixed and time-varying factors. Hence we are able to identify factors associated with the recuperation of fertility and the relative importance of individual and couple level characteristics. We control for the selection into our sample of high-resource couples who remain without a child at age 30. We add to the existing literature in a number of ways: 1) by incorporating recent debates concerning the importance of gender equity on fertility into a broader couple-focused approach, 2) by comparing the fertility outcomes for both men and women and 3) by taking into account a detailed set of fixed and time-varying socio-economic determinants and anticipatory factors.
Hemodynamic effects of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate on denervated canine hearts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The hemodynamic consequences of an intravenous bolus of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate were studied in normal dogs and in dogs that had undergone heart autotransplantation. Twenty-one autotransplanted dogs and seventeen sham-operated dogs were instrumented with an electromagnetic flow probe positioned around the ascending aorta. Hemodynamic data were collected three hours after the operation and then at daily intervals for one month, before and during sodium bicarbonate administration. The data indicates that hemodynamic base-line parameters remain lower in autotransplanted dogs than in the control animals during the whole length of the study. At the peak of the hypotensive response that follows the sodium bicarbonate injection the left ventricular performance is decreased to the same extent in both the autotransplanted and the control dogs. This negative inotropic response is enhanced in the presence of myocardial failure. In the autotransplanted group, reflex tachycardia was absent, resulting in a greater reduction in the cardiac index. These two effects explain the greater reduction of arterial pressure in the autotransplanted dogs.
Project TransmiT: Academic Review of Transmission Charging Arrangements

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report has been commissioned by the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority in support of the ‘Project TransmiT’ initiative, a review of transmission charging and associated connection arrangements. The terms of reference of this report are reproduced in Appendix 1. The objectives of Project TransmiT are to ensure that we have in place charging arrangements that facilitate the timely move to a low carbon energy sector whilst continuing to provide safe, secure, high quality network services at value for money to existing and future consumers.
Man Under Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current achievements in environments at pressures higher than atmospheric are reviewed, ranging from the uses of hyperbaric oxygen for treatment to the concept of residence at high pressure for extended Continental Shelf exploration and very deep caisson work.A case is made for the use of high oxygen pressures in the treatment of hypoxias of acute onset, of certain infections, and as an adjunct to radiotherapy. Achievement of the desired high tissue tensions of oxygen while avoiding toxicity requires careful choice of both pressure and duration of exposure.Man has successfully dived to 1000 feet in the sea, and has remained for weeks at high pressures. Adequate prophylactic decompression remains a major problem, since current recompression procedures are to a large extent empirically derived. There are grounds for expecting improved prophylactic and therapeutic procedures when present studies are completed.
Dietary micronutrient levels in HIV+ smokers and local alveolar immune function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence has been correlated with increased immune suppression in the alveolar cells of HIV+ smokers. While smokers are urged to increase dietary intake of vitamin C, the effect of other nutrients, specifically antioxidants, on the immune function of alveolar cells in HIV+ smokers with compromised lung health has not been addressed. Some evidence suggests that greater consumption of antioxidant nutrients is linked to improved lung function. Our initial work demonstrated significant correlations between dietary antioxidants and lung function in a population of HIV+ smokers prior to smoking cessation. Objective: To determine the association between alveolar immune suppression and dietary antioxidant intake in an HIV seropositive population (n=43) before smoking cessation. Methods: Immune suppression was assessed using regulation of TLR-2, TLR-4 and NOD-1, NOD-2, and LL-37 (cathelicidin). Dietary records, from 24-hour recalls, analyzed with nutrient analysis software (NDS-R V.2011) were employed to establish antioxidant nutrient consumption and were obtained at baseline. Linear regression models were fit for each diet/host defense molecule comparison. The models were controlled for age, gender, and cotinine level. Results: The population was 81.81% male and 61.4% white with a mean age of 43.1 (s=9.68). No significant correlation between dietary antioxidant intake and innate immune function was found. Antioxidant vitamin consumption within this population on average was consistently lower than national RDA guidelines. Mean intakes of vitamin D, vitamin C, and vitamin E were 33%, 84%, and 70% of RDA levels respectively. Only vitamin A needs were met by the study population. All copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc RDA requirements were exceeded. Conclusions: Although no relationship was established between dietary antioxidant intake and key host defense molecule regulation in alveolar macrophages, further studies are needed to determine whether changes in diet over time are related to macrophage expression.
The Syrian Conflict’s Influence on the Chinese Role in the Middle East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For China, the Middle East is a large geostrategic region that contributes to determining policies, and therefore the Chinese have always aimed to “step” into this arena and advance their agenda. Even though they are seeking a strategic location on the Mediterranean coast, Beijing’s pursuit of alternative energy sources, which has not been successful in Central Asia, has increased rather than diminished. We will try to understand how the Chinese strategic perspective in the Middle East is manifested in its position on the Syrian conflict, especially in light of Russian involvement. China’s relations with other Middle Eastern states will be discussed in relation to the Syrian conflict. The study concludes that China is seeking to export its image as a country with flexible diplomacy, a stable economy, massive industrial capacity, and huge capital in order to ensure an orderly rise against the West.
Stunting Amongst Pakistani Children Under Five: Status of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Care Workers at Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers in Raiwind, Lahore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: One of the major public health problem amongst children of Pakistan is lack of proper nutrition. Health care workers (HCWs) at primary level have a pivotal role in promoting good nutrition. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers regarding stunting in under five children, at Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers of Raiwind, Lahore. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study including all HCWs (15 doctors and 15 nurses) in the selected 3 Rural Health Centers (RHC) and 9 Basic Health Units (BHU) in Raiwind, Lahore, from March 2019 to March 2020. A structured questionnaire was used for assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of HCWs regarding stunting in children under- five. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data, P-values (p ≤ 0.05) were considered to see if the difference is statistically significant between doctors and nurses. Results: The HCWs’ mean percent score of doctors versus nurses, for knowledge related to major childhood illnesses was 48±22 vs 46±21, common nutritional problems 35±19 vs 26±16, and nutritional assessment methods 22±12 vs 42±23, in children under 5 years was found to be suboptimal. Total mean percent score for HCW ‘practices regarding health education of mothers was below 50 i-e 46±16 vs 40±18 in doctors vs nurses. The practice regarding breast feeding was higher 65±20 in nurses. All the doctors and 11 (73%) nurses reported correct practice regarding iron and folic acid supplementation to pregnant mothers. Conclusion: Despite having positive attitude towards stunting, HCWs’ had suboptimal knowledge and practice score in most of the items.
A Tomb with a View

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The orientations of European prehistoric structures have been studied independently by landscape archaeologists and archaeoastronomers. Despite their similar interests, the two fields have failed to converge primarily because of their differing epistemologies. This paper argues that archaeology has much to gain by integrating the two fields to provide a fuller and more balanced exploration and understanding of the location and orientation of the European megaliths. It is suggested that prehistoric archaeoastronomy needs to become more grounded on the archaeological record and context of the prehistoric structures it studies. If it is to generate knowledge of value to archaeology it needs to become a “skyscape archaeology.” This paper looks at current archaeoastronomical approaches through the lens of archaeological practice. It identifies some limitations and discusses how landscape archaeology can inform archaeoastronomy on overcoming them. A methodology that attempts this necessary cross-fertilization, by shedding unfounded assumptions and developing a more phenomenological approach to pattern-recognition, is proposed. This methodology is applied to a case study in central Portugal. The emergent narrative, linking a cluster of dolmens to a local mountain range and the star Aldebaran, not only fits the archaeological record, but is mirrored by local folklore, lending further support to the validity of this methodology.
Guidelines to Improve Airport Preparedness Against Chemical and Biological Terrorism (Unlimited Release Version)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This unlimited release document is an extraction from the original Official Use Only report, Sandia National Laboratories report number SAND2005-1045 and Lawrence Berkeley Lab report number 54973/Rev 2.1. The purpose of the original document is to aid airport planners in defending their facilities against chemical and biological (chem-bio) attack, given the technologies and capabilities available today. With this document, airport planners should gain an understanding of the important issues for chem-bio defense, and should be able to assess the preparedness of their airport, to determine whether to bring in consultant expertise, and to target the most effective upgrades for their facilities. The defenses outlined in this document are intended to accomplish two objectives: (1) to deter some high-consequence attacks through HVAC system physical security, and (2) to mitigate the consequences of an attack through passive protection and active response measures.