jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Petty bribery, pluralistic ignorance, and the collective action problem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Corruption in the form of bribery for access to public goods and services remains a widespread and seemingly innocuous practice which disproportionately targets the poor and helps keep them poor. Furthermore, the aggregate effects of bribery in the form of small payments erode the legitimacy of government institutions and their capacity to fairly administer public goods and services as well as protection under the law. Drawing on original evidence using social norms methodology, this research tests underlying beliefs and expectations which sustain persistent forms of bribery and draws attention to its association with pluralistic ignorance and consequent collective action problems. With examples focused on bribery in traffic law enforcement, healthcare, and education – three critical areas where bribery is often identified as an entrenched and systematic practice – this paper contributes new evidence of: i) the presence of pluralistic ignorance, a common social comparison error, in bribe-giving behaviour; ii) differing social evaluations of bribe-solicitation and finally, iii) how this context might exacerbate collective action problems. This empirical case study of Nigeria shows that even though more people are likely to be directly affected by bribery during routine interactions with public officials and institutions and many believe this practice is wrong, most people incorrectly believe that others in their community tolerate or even accept bribery behaviour.
A stabilized 0.1% retinol facial moisturizer improves the appearance of photodamaged skin in an eight-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Retinol is a cosmetic ingredient that is structurally similar to all-trans-retinoic acid, which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of photodamage. Since skin keratinocytes are reported to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid, investigators have hypothesized that retinol may also be helpful in improving skin photodamage. In this eight-week, double-blind, split-face, randomized clinical study, a stabilized 0.1% retinol-containing moisturizer was tested (36 subjects) against the vehicle (28 subjects) in women with moderate facial photodamage. Each product was applied once daily to the designated half side of the face. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and after four and eight weeks of treatment using a 0-9 scale for photoaging parameters. The results showed that, after eight weeks, the retinol moisturizer was significantly more efficacious than the vehicle in improving lines and wrinkles, pigmentation, elasticity, firmness and overall photodamage. Many of these differences were significant at week 4, with a progressive improvement to week 8. This study demonstrates that a formulation containing stabilized retinol is safe and effective to ameliorate the appearance of photoaged skin.
Our strategy is a development on the basis of innovation. (Ð n experience of Vladivostok state university of economics and service)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article tells about the experience of strategic management at the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service (VSUES). In its activity the VSUES uses advanced information technologies. In the basis of the marketing policy of the university is the orientation on the needs of the market of educational services and the labour market. The problem of increase of efficiency of studying in the university is solved by means of the optimization of educational process and its management, as well as with the help of introduction of modern technologies of teaching and learning. The mechanism of strategic marketing approach to education, experience of implementation and development of information technologies in all academic processes are considered.
Investigation of the genetic location of the protease genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens strains T24 and T25

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Economic and industrial interest in prokaryotic extracellular proteases has been the impetus for the study of extracellular proteases. Pseudomonas fluorescens strains T24 and T25, have been recognized for their ability to produce extracellular proteases, and the presence of plasmid DNA in these strains led to the hypothesis that the protease genes may be located on the plasmid DNA. To determine whether or not the protease genes were located on the plasmid DNAs of the two strains, various experiments, including conjugation, transformation, and curing via heat treatment were employed. While protease positive transconjugants and transformants were not detected in the conjugation and transformation experiments, respectively, the curing experiment suggested the plasmid location of the protease genes. -- Partial restriction endonuclease digestion maps were created for the plasmids, pT24 and pT25. The single restriction endonuclease digests for each of the plasmids was then probed with a nonradioactive, digoxigenin-labeled construct, pUT 8, reported to contain a protease gene. The pUT 8 construct hybridized specifically with a 3.75 kbp Sal I fragment and two Pst I fragments (sizes 3.4 kbp and 1.72 kbp) from the pT24 and pT25 plasmids, providing a second line of evidence for the plasmid origin of the protease genes. Regions similar to the pUT8 construct located on the pT24 and pT25 plasmids were then ligated to the cloning vector pUC18, and used to transform Escherichia coli. While thousands of colonies were screened, protease positive transformants were not detected. The pUT 8 probe was also used to probe the genomic DNA from P. ffuorescens strains T24 and T25. The probe did not hybridize with digests of genomic DNA from either Pseudomonas strain, thus providing a third line of evidence for the plasmid origin of the protease genes.
New Europe’s Civil Society, Democracy, and the Media Thirteen Years After

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In terms of the quality of democracy, the Czech Republic is under performing. Czech media are a significant factor in the process. Recently, most of the formerly serious Czech journalism has moved into infotainment. Moreover, it is influenced by the nostalgia for communist times. Complicit in perpetuating the communist taste, the media harm the nascent civil society. The most relevant aspect of civil society in this article pertains to its ability to provide citizens with a broad range of resources to develop their talents. By promoting and further developing the cultural expression infused by communist taste, the media flatten public life around the stale mainstream. In a small, relatively poor, and culturally homogeneous market and society hampered by a residual civic passivity, the media deprive citizens of a broad range of cultural resources and slow down their pursuit of a greater equality and freedom.
Comment on the Correct Use of Continuum Solvent Models

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentComment on the Correct Use of Continuum Solvent ModelsJunming Ho†, Andreas Klamt‡§, and Michelle L. Coote*†View Author Information ARC Centre of Excellence for Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, COSMOlogic GmbH&CoKG, Burscheider Str. 515, 51381 Leverkusen, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany* Corresponding author.†Australian National University.‡COSMOlogic GmbH&CoKG.§University of Regensburg.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. A 2010, 114, 51, 13442–13444Publication Date (Web):December 6, 2010Publication History Received30 July 2010Revised13 October 2010Published online6 December 2010Published inissue 30 December 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp107136jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jp107136jarticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views10330Altmetric-Citations429LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (206 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Free energy,Solution chemistry,Solvation,Solvation models Get e-Alerts
Heterogeneous effects of fiscal rules under the maastricht fiscal criterion: budget fiscal deficit and debt sustainability analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We contend that ambivalence or uncertainty regarding the error terms may be the root cause of many methodological misunderstandings in time-series econometrics. Macroeconomic time series have imprecise relationships, and early econometricians invariably discovered that any estimated relationship would only fit with errors. Second part is designed to quarterly estimated structural macro econometric model for the Republic of Moldova, denoted A Classical Macroeconometric Data Model for the Republic of Moldova (MDM) in context of Neo-Classical Approach of the Economy. We have interpreted the term error from the perspective of 7 macroeconomic indicators, namely Gross Domestic Product (error, pension), Inflation Rate (error, wage and salary,) Interest Rate (error, unemployment) Unemployment Rate (error inflation rate), Budget Fiscal Deficit (error, ra-gap vat gap estimation), Public Debt (ra-gap vat gap estimation) and Exchange Rate (error, gross domestic product). As research methods, we examines the interpretation of equation errors in time series econometrics. We contrast the view of errors as what is omitted from the statistical model with the view that the errors represent the shocks that are the important driving forces of model dynamics. The history of econometrics may be seen as oscillating between these interpretations of errors, with some econometricians attempting to maintain both simultaneously. As results, in 2020 due to COVID-19 we decomposes the dynamics of the modeled variable into three parts: short-run shocks, disequilibrium shocks, and innovative residuals, with only the first two of these sustaining an economic interpretation.
Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FAO estimates that farmers will have to produce twice as much food as they do today as to feed the expected 9.2 billion global population by 2050. With declining availability of water and production land per caput, lower productivity, stress induced by climate change and changing consumer patterns, farmers will have to intensify agricultural production. The challenge will be for them to do so sustainably. Inefficient use of agro-chemicals, both pesticides and fertilizers, remains prevalent among smallholder farmers in Asia. Vital ecosystem services provided by natural biological control and pollination are compromised as a result. Enduring and new concerns over farmer health, environmental pollution and food safety caused by indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals call for safer and more sustainable crop intensification and protection strategies. FAO has been working with Asian governments to develop robust Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies for a range of economically important crops during the last two decades.
The Discussion and Analysis of Guidance of English Learning Skills for Freshmen in Colleges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through the studies of the process of freshmen's acclimation to the new circumstances in colleges,this paper puts forward the importance and necessity of guidance of English learning skills for freshmen.The paper discusses how to guide freshmen to carry on the pursuits.The requirements for tutors are also discussed.Besides,the cooperation of various college departments is mentioned in the paper.
Effect of Cellulose Functionalization on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured cycloaliphatic polyamine was modified with functionalized celluloses for improved thermal and mechanical properties. Three different types of surface-modified cellulose, polyacrylamide-g-cellulose (PGC), aminopropoxysilane-g-cellulose (SGC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were investigated and used as reinforcing agents in epoxy resins. The storage modulus of these modified epoxy systems was found to significantly increase with addition of cellulose fillers (up to 1 wt. % cellulose content). An improved fracture toughness (K IC ) was also observed with increasing cellulose loading content with PGC and SGC. Among the surface-modified celluloses, epoxy modified with SGC was found to have the highest fracture toughness followed by PGC and CMC at 1.0 wt.% cellulose addition due to the chemical surface compatibility. The toughening mechanisms of the cellulose/epoxy composites, measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed that fiber-debonding, fiber-bridging, and fiber-pull out were responsible for increased toughness.
An analysis of competitiveness in the light of the Ricardian model applied to Malian cotton

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article examines the international competitiveness of the cotton sector of Mali in the light of the ricardian model, while using, the following indicators: the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the Comparative Advantage Revealed with importation (RMA), the Revealed Commercial Advantage (RTA), the Index of Clear Exports (NEI). Our study covers a span of 47 years (1970-2016). It comes out from our results that Mali has a competitive advantage in this sector compared to its main competitors. From these results, we can say that Mali can largely benefit in marketing from cotton.
Giardia duodenalis Depletes Goblet Cell Mucins and Degrades MUC2, Facilitating Bacterial Translocation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Giardia duodenalis , a cosmopolitan diarrheagenic parasite of the small intestine, leads to post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) and extraintestinal complications via unclear mechanisms. The effects of Giardia on the protective mucus layers of the intestine are unknown. Objectives C57BL/6 (WT) and Muc2 ‐/‐ mice, human goblet cell line LS174T, and purified human mucin were exposed to Giardia trophozoites or Giardia 's secreted product to assess the effects of Giardia on MUC2 and goblet cell mucins. Results Infected Muc2 ‐/‐ mice had higher parasitic loads and inhibition of weight gain versus WT mice. Goblet cell mucin (stained with PAS/AB and WGA) was depleted in the small intestine and colon of infected WT mice. Bacterial translocation to the liver and spleen was also increased in infected mice. Immunofluorescence staining of MUC2 was reduced in human goblet cells in vitro after exposure to Giardia trophozoites. In addition, a co‐incubation of Giardia 's secreted products with purified human mucin degraded MUC2. Conclusions MUC2 mucin is protective in giardiasis, but Giardia is able to overcome this barrier. While Giardia colonizes the upper small intestine, it induces mucin depletion in goblet cells throughout the small intestine and colon. Mucin depletion and degradation break down the protective mucus barrier, facilitating bacterial translocation. These mechanisms may contribute to PI‐IBS. Supported by HPI NSERC CREATE, NSERC Discovery and Queen Elizabeth II Master's Scholarship
KINETICS OF SWELLABLE PACKERS UNDER DOWNHOLE CONDITIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Swellable packers have been widely employed in various oil-field applications. Examples include zonal-isolation, water shut-off, and multi-stage fracturing. Key factors required for these applications are how fast the packer can seal the borehole as well as how fast a certain amount of contact pressure can build up. These factors, which are generally measured from full-scale packer tests, can be estimated through numerical simulations together with lab-scale experiments. In this work, we have developed a three-dimensional continuum level model and simulation capability to study the behavior of swellable packers affected by various downhole conditions. Such conditions include the borehole type, i.e., permeable or non-permeable borehole, and downhole uncertainties, i.e., variations of borehole size and borehole temperature, which are studied systematically through numerical simulations.
Impact of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on TG content in liver of rats with type 2 diabetes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1,25(OH)2D3 can decrease the content of TG in the liver, and its mechanism may be achieved by upregulating the expressions of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, and LPL in the liver.
The effect of light and colour in architectural design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of light and colour on the quality of space perception.The presence of light is related to the age when humans knew themselves and grew and developed in the embrace of beautiful nature.It has a great place in science, variant religions, mysticism and Sufism, literature, philosophy, and numerous philosophies and scientists have studied it.In most religions it is a symbol of divine wisdom, the source of all wellness and innocence, and indeed it is a sign of the heavens and spiritual world.The main aim of life is the departure of humans from the darkness of foolishness and their entrance into the brilliant light of divine sapience and sight.The beauty which we see and understand is because of the presence of light, otherwise there is nothing in darkness.The real beauty is understood by the light of wisdom.It is the brilliance and shiny light that causes beauty, colours and other observable properties to be seen.Light is one of the important factors in architecture that is regarded along with other aspects such as structure, spatial order, materials, colour and so on.It also has a separate role in design.Colour is one of light's properties.Recognition of colour results from radiated light and its changes, the attraction, reflection and transmission properties of the surface, the relation of the surface with colours around it, and the characteristics of the eye.Colour plays a significant role in stimulating the observer.Additionally, it is important in the presentation and concealment of elements and their effects.In the present research we point to the effect of light and colour and their features in space perception in a case study we have undertaken in Iran.
Ranking Spatial Data by Quality Preferences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract:- The objects in real world can be ranked based on the features in their spatial neighborhood using a preference based top-k special query. In this paper, a two purpose query structure for satisfying the user requirements is implemented. For example, a user who wishes to find a hotel with 3 star categories that serves sea food which provides the nearest airport facility. This concept can be obtained by developing a system that takes a particular query as the input and displays a ranked set of top k best objects that satisfy user requirements. For that, an indexing technique R-tree and a search method BB algorithm for efficiently processing top-k spatial preference query is used. R-tree (Real-tree), a data structure is the first index specifically designed to handle multidimensional extended objects and branch and bound (BB) algorithm that makes searching easier, faster and accurate. The key idea is to compute upper bound scores for non-leaf entries in the object tree, and prunes those that cannot lead to better results. The advantage of using this algorithm is that it can reduce the number of steps to be examined. Index Terms:- Query processing, spatial databases, R-tree. I.
A Fourier pseudospectral method for a generalized improved Boussinesq equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we propose a Fourier pseudospectral method for solving the generalized improved Boussinesq equation. We prove the convergence of the semi‐discrete scheme in the energy space. For various power nonlinearities, we consider three test problems concerning the propagation of a single solitary wave, the interaction of two solitary waves and a solution that blows up in finite time. We compare our numerical results with those given in the literature in terms of numerical accuracy. The numerical comparisons show that the Fourier pseudospectral method provides highly accurate results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 995–1008, 2015
The gut microbiome: a new frontier in musculoskeletal research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Purpose of the review The human gut harbors a complex community of microbes that influence many processes regulating musculoskeletal development and homeostasis. This review gives an update on the current knowledge surrounding the impact of the gut microbiota on musculoskeletal health, with an emphasis on research conducted over the last three years. Recent findings The gut microbiota and their metabolites are associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The field is moving fast from describing simple correlations to pursue establishing causation through clinical trials. The gut microbiota and their microbial-synthesized metabolites hold promise for offering new potential alternatives for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases given its malleability and response to environmental stimuli.</p>