jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Do Science and Money Go Together? The Case of the French Biotech Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Developing technological applications, entering exploitation alliances, and choosing between a research- or service-focused strategic orientation are decisions that high-tech firms must manage concurrently. This paper explores systematically the contrasting effects of these strategic determinants on rent-generation and rent-appropriation using the entire population of French biotech firms (1994-2002). Findings indicate that science and money do not go unconditionally together - the direct relationship between rent-accruing resources (e.g., patents or articles) and rent appropriation varies depending on the type of resources and the strategic orientation. Moreover, the effects of strategic determinants differ for rent-generation vs. rent-appropriation: 1) technological application diversity undermines a firm's capacity to appropriate rents - in particular for research-oriented firms; 2) exploitation alliances favor rent generation but hinder rent appropriation; 3) service-oriented firms exhibit significantly better performance than research-oriented firms. Such evidence challenges the emergence in the biotechnology industry of a 'one-best' strategic trajectory, as represented by research-intensive start-ups funded by private money engaged in publishing and patenting races.
Electrochemical Properties of PANI/CNTs Composites Modified by Oxygen Plasma

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The PANI-CNTs composite material was synthesized through emulsion polymerization, and then the composite had been modified by the oxygen plasma to get the electrode material for super-capacitor. The influences of the modification time on the electrode material surface property and the electrochemical performance were investigated. And based on the analysis of the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the results revealed that the particle size of the composite material become smaller, more micro pores were etched by the oxygen plasma and some active functional groups were introduced. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that the PANI/CNTs composite material modified by the oxygen material after 10 min has perfect capacitive properties, the specific capacitance is 287.8 Fg-1, and the ESR is 0.320 Ω.
Role of mineral nutrients in confronting citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis Pv. citri

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mineral nutrients play an important role in plant-disease interactions. Experiments were conducted under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to find out the influence of macro and micro-nutrients with relation to the citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). Mixture of nutrients NPK (Compound) and B, Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn and Ca (Nutritop) were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse experiment, combination of both Nutritop and Compound expressed very low disease incidence (16.27) as compared to other Compound (25.72), Nutritop (31.55) alone as well as control consistently. Treatments and concentrations interaction exhibited 21.33 % disease incidence which was expressed through Compound @ 6000 mL/ha as compared to 5000 (26.50) as well as 4000 mL/ha (29.33) percent while 1000, 1200 and 1400 mL/ha Nutritop concentrations exhibited 35.50, 31.83 and 27.33 % disease incidence consistently. Under field conditions, very low disease incidence (19.50, 17.50 and 11.83) % was recorded when (Compound + Nutritop) was applied at the rate of 3000, 4000 and 5000 mL/ha consistently. Compound with the Nutritop showed less disease incidence (20.27) in comparison to Compound (29.72), Nutritop (35.55) as well as control consistently. Treatments and concentrations interaction expressed 25.33% disease incidence was exhibited by Compound at the rate of 6000 mL/ha as compared to 5000 (30.50) as well as 4000 mL/ha (33.33) % while 1000, 1200 and 1400 mL/ha Nutritop concentrations showed 39.50, 35.83 and 31.33% disease incidence consistently.
Partial discharge measurements during the degradation of nanocomposite twisted pair specimens

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Several electrical aging tests have been carried out on twisted pair specimens prepared by winding wires having conventional or nanostructured enamel insulation. The conventional enamel is polyamide-imide, while the nanostructured enamel is a polyamide imide - silica nanocomposite. The tests have been performed applying sinusoidal voltage at two different frequencies. The partial discharge (PD) signals acquired during the aging tests have been post-processed to define, in the case of the conventional enamel, a reliable parameter useful to implement an empirical prediction model. In this way, after a short PD activity monitoring time, the residual duration of twisted pair specimens can be computed.
SH0970447.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The public health context of violence in Colombia El contexto sanitario de la violencia en Colombia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Among the countries of the Americas, Colombia has the highest level of deaths due to homicides and armed conflict. The objective of this research was to combine and contrast information from various sources on deaths due to violence in Colombia in order to identify major trends in violence in the country and to compare those trends with those in other nations of the Americas. METHODS: We drew together information from a wide array of sources, including the Government of Colombia, Colombian forensic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and international research centers. We considered the impact of the violence on mortality as well as in such areas as nonfatal injuries, displacement of persons, and kidnappings. RESULTS: While there have been many deaths in Colombia directly related to military conflict, there have been many more deaths and injuries as an indirect result of war. The highest levels of deaths directly related to violence occurred during the 1990-1995 period. Although deaths due directly to armed conflict declined in the late 1990s, the related events of kidnappings and displacement did not. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to reduce the violence-related suffering in Colombia must consider both direct and indirect causes of mortality as well as nonfatal outcomes such as kidnappings and displacement.<br>OBJETIVO: De los distintos países del continente americano, Colombia tiene el más alto porcentaje de muertes por homicidios y conflictos armados. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido combinar y contrastar información obtenida de diferentes fuentes sobre la violencia en Colombia con el fin de identificar las principales tendencias que muestra la violencia en el país y comparar dichas tendencias con las observadas en otros países del continente. MÉTODOS: Recogimos información de una gran variedad de fuentes, entre ellas el Gobierno de Colombia, institutos forenses colombianos, organizaciones no gubernamentales y centros de investigación internacionales. Examinamos el impacto de la violencia sobre la mortalidad y las heridas no mortales, el desplazamiento humano y los secuestros. RESULTADOS: En Colombia muchas muertes han sido consecuencia directa del conflicto armado; no obstante, muchas otras muertes y lesiones son el resultado directo del estado de guerra. El mayor porcentaje de muertes directamente asociadas con la violencia tuvo lugar en el período de 1990-1995. Aunque las muertes directamente atribuibles al conflicto armado se redujeron en las postrimerías de los años noventa, los secuestros y el desplazamiento humano que con ellas se asocian no disminuyeron. CONCLUSIONES: A la hora de idear estrategias para reducir el sufrimiento ocasionado por la violencia en Colombia, es aconsejable tener en cuenta las causas directas e indirectas de la mortalidad y también otros siniestros que no son mortales, tales como los secuestros y el desplazamiento de seres humanos.
Case of Epidermoid Cyst in Parotid Gland in a 23-Year-Old Female Patient Initially Diagnosed as Parotid Tumor: A Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidermoid cyst is a tumor-like lesion that is generally benign, containing slow-growing keratin and lined by epithelial cells such as epidermis located in the dermis or subcutaneous, where this cyst is very rare in the parotid gland. The incidence of epidermoid cysts in the parotid gland is unclear due to limited reports. Although this lesion is benign, an accurate diagnosis is very important early, so that better management can be carried out. In this case report, a 23-year-old female patient was reported with a lump on the back of the right cheek since 3 years ago. The lump was initially small and slowly enlarged to a fairly large size of about 3 x 4 cm. The lump was the same color as the skin, the punctum was not visible, it was soft to the touch, partially fixed and there was no palpable fluctuation. Ultrasonography examination showed a hypoechoic shadow with a clear boundary in the right parotid area, so that the initial diagnosis was as a right parotid tumor. Initially the plan was for superficial parotidectomy, but switched to parotid cyst excision after the incision in the parotid area showed that the cyst was visible. The removed cyst was examined histopathologically and showed cyst wall tissue with a surface covered with squamous epithelium, the lumen containing a keratin mass, thus confirming that the lesion was an epidermoid cyst. Epidermoid cysts in the parotid gland can be misdiagnosed as parotid tumors due to their similar clinical and radiological manifestations. Accurate identification of clinical and pathological features is essential to differentiate them. Slow growth and ambiguous radiological appearance can lead to misdiagnosis. Complete excision of the parotid cyst is the primary treatment of choice for epidermoid cysts.
Soccer video analysis : player tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the sports entertainment industry, analysis of videos has become a necessity for any team to compete in the highest standards. Popular sports associations such as the Barclays’ Premier League (BPL) and the National Basketball Association (NBA) have utilized video analyzing software to gather useful information for their own team, such as player movements, team formations and ball trajectories. This benefits the team greatly as they can better understand their opponents before the game by studying their formation and tactics or analyze their own players’ common mistakes during a game. However, current codes are not in real time. The aim of this project is to improve on the existing codes so that it can run in real time. Furthermore, additional improvements such as real-time offside tracking can also be implemented on the existing codes. This would help eliminate human error during a game and ultimately improve the overall quality of a sports game. The project is broken down into three main parts: camera registration, player tracking and ball tracking. The author is in charge of player tracking. The goal of this project is to ultimately implement this technology in soccer matches.
LHD Langmuir #107054.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Outcomes in STK11-, KEAP1-, and KRAS-mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) with use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e20504 Background: Studies have suggested that STK11, KEAP1, and KRAS mutations impact response to ICIs in individuals with lung adenocarcinoma. The effect of these mutations in LSCC is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2023 evaluating individuals seen in the Indiana University Health System with STK11, KEAP1, or KRAS-mutant advanced LSCC treated with ICI-based therapy. Demographic information and baseline PD-L1 levels were collected. Response to therapy was assessed using standardized real-world criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a log-rank test. Results: Thirty-one of 316 evaluable patients with LSCC had a mutation in KEAP1, STK11, or KRAS. Twenty-one of those individuals had advanced disease treated with ICIs. Nine of 21 had tumors harboring KEAP1 and/or STK11, 10 had tumors harboring KRAS, and 2 had KRAS + STK11-mutant tumors. The median age was 67 years, 71% (15/21) were male, 86% (18/21) were White, 83% (15/18) had PD-L1 levels ≥1%, and 81% (17/21) were evaluable for response including 11 treated with ICIs + chemotherapy and 6 who received ICIs alone. The overall response rate (ORR) was 65% with 5 individuals having progressive disease (PD), 1 with stable disease (SD), and 11 exhibiting partial response (PR). Those receiving ICIs + chemotherapy had an ORR of 73% (3 PD, 8 PR). The ORR was 50% (2 PD, 1 SD, 3 PR) in the cohort treated with ICIs alone. Among those with KEAP1 and/or STK11 mutations, the ORR was 43% (4 PD, 3 PR). The ORR was 88% for the KRAS-mutant cohort (1 SD, 7 PR) and 50% in the KRAS + STK11 subgroup (1 PD, 1PR). The median PFS was 6.4 months for the entire population, 6.0 months for those treated with ICIs + chemotherapy, and 8.1 months for those receiving ICIs alone. Although the cohort size was limited, individuals with KRAS mutations appeared to have improved PFS compared to those with STK11, KEAP1, or KRAS + STK11 mutations treated with ICI-based therapy (Table 1). Conclusions: STK11, KEAP1, and KRAS mutations impact response to ICIs in individuals with LSCC. There was a trend toward improved ORR and PFS in those with KRAS-mutant LSCC treated with ICI-based therapy compared to those with STK11, KEAP1, or KRAS + STK11-mutations. [Table: see text]
Tempels and the “Bumuntu Paradigm”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of our present study is to explore in broad strokes the contribution of Tempels's Jamaa movement and Bantu Philosophy to the dialogue among philosophical thoughts and dialogue among religions. More specifically, the study addresses the following questions: (1) Does Bantu Philosophy reinforce conflict or convergence between Africa and the West?; (2) Does Bantu Philosophy contribute to intercultural and interreligious communications between Africans and Westerners?; (3) What relevance does Bantu Philosophy still have and how is it received in Africa today?; and (4) Does Tempels, as one of the main leaders of the Jamaa movement, bring a significant contribution to philosophy of religion and interreligious dialogue? To address these questions, we shall proceed as follows. After a status quaestionis and an overview of our resources as well as the context, we will address the notion of dialogue in Bantu Philosophy and in the Jamaa movement. This will be followed by an analysis of the merits and limitations of Tempels's approach. Finally, the conclusion contains a brief reflection on the implication of Tempels's approach to intercultural and interreligious dialogue today.
How Pollination Ecology research can help answer important questions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pollination Ecology is a dynamic field of scientific research constantly adopting novel methods and making progress in understanding the interactions between plants and their pollinators. A recent paper listed the main scientific questions in this field focussing on the ecological and biological system itself. Here, we follow up on that paper and present some ideas on how to broaden our perspective and explore the role that pollination research can play in answering both ecological and societal questions relevant to a range of different stakeholders. We hope this paper may be useful to researchers aiming at improving both the scientific and societal impact of their research.
Detection of qualitative differences between the RNA of livers and kidneys of adult chickens and a temporal and regional study of liver RNA in chick embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract RNA preparations from livers and kidneys of adult chickens were qualitatively distinguished by DNA‐RNA hybridizations involving double saturation experiments. This technique was used to study the temporal and regional synthesis of liver‐like RNA in the developing chicken embryo. It was found that the amount of liver‐like RNA in the embryo increases from two and one half days to three and one half days of development. Furthermore, this liver‐like RNA was found in greater amounts in the areas of three and one half day embryos containing the differentiating liver rudiment.
Stochastic and robust design procedures applied to the optimization with uncertainties

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Engineers agree with the fact that uncertainty is an important issue to get a better model of real behavior. Uncertainty quantification techniques have been largely developed during the recent years; Stochastic and probabilistic collocation methods are clear examples of recent developments. This work is based on a more traditional uncertainty quantification method, as Monte-Carlo method and its extension to Latin Hypercube sampling techniques. Two definitions of the optimization problem have been analyzed. The first one is the called Stochastic procedure, while the second one is the Robust one. Both of them deal with uncertainty on the input parameters, but they manage the uncertainty effects from two different points of view. Applications to aerodynamics and aero-elastic problems have been described.
The Need for Public Law Standards of Review in Investor-State Arbitrations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, investment arbitration has increasingly moved from its private law origins into the realm of public law adjudication, but the standards of review applied by ad hoc arbitral tribunals have generally not followed step to take account of this development. This chapter argues that public law standards of review should be more deferential to determinations made at the national level than those applicable to disputes of a purely commercial and private law nature, and highlights institutional expertise in public law matters as a key criterion to support this claim. Reviewing select standards of review applied by other international courts and tribunals, the margin of appreciation developed by the European Court of Human Rights is identified as the most preferable alternative to strict scrutiny review, an alternative that provides respondent states with sufficient freedom of action in public law matters while preserving the supervisory role of the international judiciary.
Clinical Application of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry, with a Focus on Belgium.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Response rate to treatment is generally not as high as expected in psychiatric disorders. The lack of clinical improvement under a well-conducted treatment, that complies with guidelines, may be the consequence of genetic abnormalities that impact the metabolizing pathways of the drug. Genetic polymorphism of metabolizing enzymes is frequent in the population and has been proven to have a clinical impact. It may also be the consequence of environmental or organic factors that interact with the pharmacokinetic pathways (absorption, distribution, metabolizing, excretion) of the drug. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors will lead to inter- and intraindividual fluctuations in plasma drug concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring permits to measure plasma drug concentrations in order to adapt psychopharmacotherapy individually. In some cases, it can be coupled to pharmacogenetic testings. This review presents recent literature and guidelines on the subject. Eventually, there is a focus made on the French-speaking part of Belgium where neither therapeutic drug monitoring, nor pharmacogenetics testing, are used frequently in clinical practice. Some challenges are to be addressed to implement these techniques in Belgium.
Software vulnerability detection datasets - function/method level

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset is for software vulnerability detection and includes source code in eight programming languages (C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Go, PHP, Ruby, Python). All data is collected from GitHub. data{programming language}_vul.json: a set of vulnerable code samples in a certain programming language. data{programming language}_patch.json: a set of patching code samples in a certain programming language. Each source code sample includes the following 16 properties: index: index of code. If is_vulnerable==False, this index indicates that this code is a patch of the indexing vulnerable code. code: raw source code (may include comments). is_vulnerable: the code is vulnerable (True) or a patch (False). programming_language: programming language of the code. method_name: name of the method. file_name: name of the file where the source code is extracted. repo_url: url of the project repository. repo_owner: owner of the repository. committer: developer who pushed the commit. committer_date: date when the commit was pushed. commit_msg: the commit message. cwe_id: If is_vulnerable==True, the CWE id; otherwise None. cwe_name: If is_vulnerable==True, the name of corresponding CWE; otherwise None. cwe_description: If is_vulnerable==True, the description of corresponding CWE; otherwise None. cwe_url: If is_vulnerable==True, the url to obtain more details of corresponding CWE; otherwise None. cve_id: If is_vulnerable==True, the CVE id; otherwise None.
A Pathologic IgM Occurring in Serum as Pentamer, Dimer, and Monomer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract IgM was recovered from the serum of a patient (Den) with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia by preparative electrophoresis and gel filtration. In the latter step three species were resolved, with sedimentation coefficients of 7.7S, 11.5S, and 19.0S. Molecular weight determinations showed that the three species were monomeric, dimeric, and pentameric IgM, respectively. The 19S and 11S species were not dissociated in 6M urea. Serologic, immunologic, and biochemical studies indicated that the constituent light and heavy chains of each species were the same. Light chains prepared from 19S IgM (Den) contained a second component identified as J chain. Light chains from 11S and 7S IgM (Den) did not contain this component.