jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Disease burden of Crigler–Najjar syndrome: Systematic review and future perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aim Crigler–Najjar syndrome (CNS) results from biallelic mutations of UGT1A1 causing partial or total loss of uridine 5′‐diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and its attendant risk for irreversible neurological injury (kernicterus). CNS is exceedingly rare and has been only partially characterized through relatively small studies, each comprising between two and 57 patients. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to consolidate data on the patient, caregiver, and societal burden of CNS. Results Twenty‐eight articles on clinical aspects of CNS were identified, but no published data on its humanistic or economic burden were found. In patients with complete UGT1A1 deficiency (type 1 CNS [CNS‐I]), unconjugated bilirubin levels increase 3–6 mg/dL/day during the newborn period and reach neurologically dangerous levels between 5 and 14 days of age. Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment but poses significant challenges to patients and their families. Despite consistent phototherapy, patients with CNS‐I have worsening hyperbilirubinemia with advancing age. Liver transplantation is the only definitive therapy for CNS‐I and is increasingly associated with excellent long‐term survival but also incurs high costs, medical and surgical morbidities, and risks of immunosuppression. Conclusions Crigler–Najjar syndrome is associated with a substantial burden, even with existing standards of care. The development of novel disease‐modifying therapies has the potential to reduce disease burden and improve the lives of CNS patients and their families.
Remarkable Solvent-Dependent Excited-State Chirality:  A\nMolecular Modulator of Circularly Polarized Luminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photochemical control of ground- and excited-state chirality of (<i>M</i>)-<i>cis-</i>(<b>1</b>) and (<i>P</i>)-<i>trans</i>-(<b>2</b>)-2-nitro-7-(dimethylamino)-9-(2‘,3‘-dihydro-1‘<i>H</i>-naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]-thiopyran-1‘-ylidene)-9<i>H</i>-thioxanthene is\ndescribed. It is shown that while ground state chirality can be controlled photochemically by irradiation with\nlight of different wavelengths, the excited state chirality can be tuned either photochemically in a similar\nway or by appropriate choice of solvent. In benzene solution, circularly polarized luminescence of the two\nisomers with opposite ground-state helicity, (<i>M</i>)-<i>cis-</i><b>1</b> and (<i>P</i>)-<i>trans</i>-<b>2</b>, revealed corresponding excited states\nof opposite helicity. On the contrary, in <i>n-</i>hexane solution, circularly polarized luminescence was identical\nfor the two forms indicating identical excited state chirality. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), steady-state and time-dependent fluorescence, and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements\nin both <i>n-</i>hexane and benzene are reported, which provide an explanation for the remarkable solvent\ndependence of excited-state chirality.
Novel insights into the protective role of miR-133a in the heart and its therapeutic application for the treatment of cardiac pathologies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Finora, diversi studi hanno dimostrato l'importanza dei miRNAs, in fase di sviluppo embrionale e nell’insorgenza di molte patologie. Nel sistema cardiaco, il ruolo del miR-133a è stato ampiamente caratterizzato dall’embriogenesi allo sviluppo di difetti cardiaci. Tuttavia, resta ancora molto da caratterizzare circa le funzioni del miR-133. Lo scopo principale della mia tesi di dottorato è stato indagare queste funzioni aggiuntive del miR-133 nello sviluppo cardiaco, in particolare sulla sua capacità di controllare vie di trasduzione a livello trascrizionale. La seconda fase della mia ricerca è stata quella approfondire il suo ruolo in patologie cardiache. In ultimo l'obiettivo finale della mia ricerca è stato quello di traslare l’importanza del miR-133 nel suo uso terapeutico con lo sviluppo di una nuova strategia che, basato sull'utilizzo dei nanomateriali al fine di sviluppare uno specifico e controllato rilascio di miR-133 nel sistema cardiovascolare.
Oral administration of lipopolysaccharides activates B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity and lamina propria of the gut and induces autoimmune symptoms in an autoantibody transgenic mouse.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

About a half of the antierythrocyte autoantibody transgenic (autoAb Tg) mice, in which almost all B cells are detected in the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches, but not in the peritoneal cavity, suffer from autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The occurrence of this disease is strongly linked to production of autoAb by activated peritoneal B-1 cells in the Tg mice. In this study, we have shown that oral administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activated B-1 cells in the lamina propria of the gut as well as the peritoneal cavity in the healthy Tg mice and induced the autoimmune symptoms in all the Tg mice. The activation of peritoneal and lamina propria B-1 cells by enteric LPS is found not only in the anti-RBC autoAb Tg mice and normal mice but also in the aly mice which congenitally lack lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. These results suggest that B-1 cells in the two locations may form a common pool independent of Peyer's patches and lymph nodes, and can be activated by enteric thymus-independent antigens or polyclonal activators such as LPS. The induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the Tg mice by enteric LPS through the activation of B-1 cells in the lamina propria of gut and in the peritoneal cavity suggests that B-1 cells and bacterial infection may play a pathogenic role in the onset of autoimmune diseases.
The Valley of Opportunity: Bringing Innovation to Venture Capital

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Venture capital investing has been an unsatisfactory experience for many long-term institutional investors (LTIs). First, the asset class has not performed in line with expectations for more than a decade. For example, these investors have given more money to venture capitalists since 1997, in aggregate, than they have had in return over that period. Second, even among the top decile, managers that have demonstrated the (rare) ability to outperform VC benchmarks consistently, there have been few opportunities for newer or slower-moving investors to access their funds. As such, VC as an asset class has really only worked for those investors that were first in, such as endowments and family offices, because they have managed to hold on to their allocations at the top VCs. In large part, the challenges associated with this asset class stem from the fact that VC investing does not scale easily.
Nitrosoguanidine Mutagenesis and Genome Shuffling Enhanced the Oxytetracycline Production of Streptomyces rimosus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This research is aimed to improve the oxytetracycline production from Streptomyces rimosus.Five relatively high oxytetracycline yielding strains were obtained by nitrosoguanidine mutation of the protoplast of initial oxytetracycline producing strain Streptomyces rimosus JH and then subjected to genome shuffling as parental strains.The protoplasts of the five parental strains were prepared and inactivated before fusion, after recursive protoplast fusion of six rounds, the oxytetracycline production of all recombinants in shaking-flask fermentation was analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometer method comparing with the initial strain IH.The result indicated the yield of oxytetracycline was enhanced.The highest production of recombinant 26173 was about 186% higher than that of the highest-production parent strain and 339.8% higher of the initial strain.In result, genome shuffling is a good technique to rapidly improve oxytetracycline production in Streptomyces rimosus.
Writing and checking complete proofs in T E X

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

TEX files are text files which are readable by other programs. Mathematical proofs written using TEX can be checked by a Python program provided they are expressed in a sufficiently strict proof language. Such a language can be constructed using only a few extensions beyond the syntax of A.P. Morse’s A Theory of Sets, one being the incorporation of explicit theorem number references into the syntax. Such a program has been applied to and successfully checked the theorems in a significant initial segment of a book length mathematical manuscript. 1
LHD 2O-AH01-03-01-NF #190433.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Effects of the Phytoestrogen Genistein on Some Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in Osteopenic, Postmenopausal Women: A Two-Year Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These results suggest that 54 mg genistein plus calcium, vitamin D(3), and a healthy diet was associated with favorable effects on both glycemic control and some cardiovascular risk markers in a cohort of osteopenic, postmenopausal women.
The use of gamification within coastal management public consultation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Portions of the UK couastline suffer from a lack of research in coastal management. The North Norfolk section around Scolthead island is one example. This project proposes the creation of a game like tool, to crowd source potential solutions for coastal management issues and to motivate engagement in the coastal management consolation process. \n \nThe game will be built within the Google Maps geo-browser a first generations Digital Earth technology. It will be a web based tool linking to the Twitter social media platform allowing for greater collaboration between the users. \n \nThe game was created using agile management techniques through an twelve stage production cycle. It is Django based app (a Python based model, view, template web platform). \n \nA large holder object is used within the code to hold a series of variables that controls the location, shape, size and position of the hexagonal game board. \n \nIt was decided to crowd source users from a paid micro-task site like Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The current micro-task industry was however unable to facilitate this projects requirements. \n \nThe result was a partial success. A potential alternative to using a geo-browser platform would have been a dedicated game engine. The lack of success through crowd sourcing frustrated the ultimate aims of this project making it hard to gauge how well it could engage a group of people around the issue of coastal management.
Determining the spin of light primordial black holes with Hawking radiation II: high spin regime

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a method to determine the mass and spin of primordial black holes based on measuring the energy and emission rate at the dipolar and quadrupolar peaks in the primary photon Hawking spectrum, applicable for dimensionless spin parameters $\tilde{a}\gtrsim 0.6$. In particular, we show that the ratio between the energies of the two peaks is only a function of the black hole spin, while the ratio between their emission rates depends also on the line-of-sight inclination. The black hole mass and distance from the Earth may then be inferred from the absolute values of the peak energies and emission rates. This method is relevant for primordial black holes born with large spin parameters that are presently still in the early stages of their evaporation process.
A national study on the inter-observer variability in the delineation of organs at risk in the brain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Danish Neuro Oncology Group (DNOG) has established national consensus guidelines for the delineation of organs at risk (OAR) structures based on published literature. This study was conducted to finalise these guidelines and evaluate the inter-observer variability of the delineated OAR structures by expert observers. The DNOG delineation guidelines were formed by participants from all Danish centres that treat brain tumours with radiotherapy. In a two-day workshop, guidelines were discussed and finalised based on a pilot study. Following this, the ten participants contoured the following OARs on T1-weighted gadolinium enhanced MRI from 13 patients with brain tumours: optic tracts, optic nerves, chiasm, spinal cord, brainstem, pituitary gland and hippocampus. The metrics used for comparison were the Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), mean surface distance (MSD) and others. A total of 968 contours were delineated across the 13 patients. On average eight (range six to nine) individual contour sets were made per patient. Good agreement was found across all structures with a median MSD below 1 mm for most structures, with the chiasm performing the best with a median MSD of 0.45 mm. The Dice was as expected highly volume dependent, the brainstem (the largest structure) had the highest Dice value with a median of 0.89 whereas smaller volumes such as the chiasm had a Dice of 0.71. Except for the caudal definition of the spinal cord, the variances observed in the contours of OARs in the brain were generally low and consistent. Surface mapping revealed sub-regions of higher variance for some organs. The data set is being prepared as a validation data set for auto-segmentation algorithms for use within the Danish Comprehensive Cancer Centre – Radiotherapy and potential collaborators.
ARTIGO DE OPINIAO The Laparoscopic Surgical Skills

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper presents the overall outline o f the Laparoscopic Suf-gical Skills programme (LSS) and the first level (LSS Grade 1 Level 1). In addition, preliminary results of the first LSS accred-ited courses are presented, of which one recently took place in Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria in Lisbon. BACKGROUND Recent reports on safety and quality of surgical per-formance, for example by the World Health Organi-sation, stress the urgent need for improvement of training, assessment, and accreditation for technology dependent surgical procedures such as laparoscopy. Hre traditional surgical education model (the resi-dency-based master-apprenticeship system) proved to be unsuitable to train surgeons in laparoscopy, espe-cially not in the early stages of training. The establish-
Impact of commonly used antimicrobial biocides on resistance and cross-resistance in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Infections due to multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a major concern worldwide. With very few new antibiotics on the market, infection prevention and control measures, including the use of biocides, are paramount to limit the spread of MDROs. Little is known about the impact of biocide overuse and the selective pressure they exert on adaptive mechanisms (co-selection) within bacteria. This study evaluated the effects of biocides commonly used in the UK on antibiotic susceptibility and on the mechanisms they might trigger within carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). \nThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a wide range of antibiotics and four biocides (benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate [CHX], copper sulphate and silver nitrate) were determined for multi-drug resistant, carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from UK hospitals. Regarding biocides, MICs were found to be much lower than in-use concentrations found in most commercial products (e.g. CHX MICs: 0.5-16 μg/mL; CHX concentration in a skin decontamination product: 40,000 μg/mL). Correlation were detected between antibiotic and biocide MICs, especially between CHX and carbapenems, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in K. pneumoniae. Exposure to CHX for 50 strains led to increased lag phase duration and changes in growth rate. Addition of efflux-pump inhibitor reduced the CHX MICs. These findings seemed to indicate the involvement of efflux in reduced susceptibility to CHX and antibiotics. Overexpression of efflux-related genes (acrB, extruding a wide range of antibiotics; smvA, for cationic compounds) was observed following exposure to sub-MIC CHX concentrations for two K. pneumoniae isolates. However, the molecular changes did not necessarily translate at the phenotypical level, with unchanged susceptibility towards CHX and several antibiotics. \nThis work highlighted the involvement of efflux pumps following CHX exposure in CPE; while it did not result in reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials, precautions should still be taken, considering the extensive use of biocides.
Obtaining an Alternative Source of Energy by Processing Atmospheric CO2 Into Liquid Fuel When Using a Cryptocurrency Miner with a Hybrid Algorithm

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposed to solving the actual problem of converting atmospheric CO 2 into fuel as an alternative source of electricity and increasing the commercial attractiveness of this process. This conceptual solution proposes combining a CO 2 to fuel converter powered by a solar panel with a cryptocurrency miner in one device. Such a solution makes possible obtaining a commercially attractive device for preventing the excessive content of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Commercial attractiveness is achieved by charging a limited internal token of the project to each user in proportion to the capacity of his equipment involved in the processing of carbon dioxide.
Selective Compassion: Public Memory, Persona, and “The Early Years” of the Southern Baptist Convention

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Founded in 1845 to defend the appointment of slaveholders to missionary posts, the Southern Baptist Convention's origins complicate its efforts to communicate its history to its members. Developing a public memory-based approach to persona criticism, this essay analyzes a 2006 documentary entitled "Forged by Faith: The Early Years." By selectively narrating SBC history to construct a "legacy of compassion," the documentary offers a harmful post-racial ideology to its auditors. The video's substantive claims and stylistic tokens construct Southern Baptist commitments to personal freedom, church autonomy, and cooperation while minimizing historical commitments to slavery and negating African American history. This essay proposes persona criticism as an innovative method for critiquing the ideology-shaping work performed by audiovisual memory texts such as documentaries.
Alcohol_Focused Drowning Prevention Campaigns: What Do We Know and What Should We Do Now?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Alcohol and drugs have been identified as key risk factors for youth (aged 15-24 years) and adult drownings in high-income countries (HIC). Whilst alcohol specific drowning prevention education programs have been developed and implemented, youth continue to be over-represented in drowning statistics, including those linked with alcohol. Therefore, this project aimed to: (i) review and assess all alcohol themed drowning prevention campaigns within HICs; (ii) determine whether the campaign had undergone evaluation for effectiveness; and (iii) provide recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future interventions. For each of the eighty-one HICs identified for the 2019 fiscal year, searches of peer-reviewed literature (through academic databases) and grey literature (through webpages and emails to organisations) were conducted. Twelve alcohol focused campaigns were identified, with only two providing limited information about program evaluation. For most campaigns identified, there was a dearth of information available and therefore assessment of campaign quality was unfeasible. This brief report highlights a lack of alcohol themed drowning prevention campaigns in HIC, and an absence of evaluations on their effectiveness. Implications associated with a lack of program evaluation are discussed and adoption of the recommendations from this brief report should enhance the quality of future research in this area.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Silane TreatedGrewia optivaFibers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In recent years, interest has grown in natural fibers as promising materials for a number of applications, particularly in polymer composite materials because they offer a number of advantages such as nontoxicity, eco-friendliness, combustibility, light weight, and low cost. Surface modification of Grewia optiva fibers through silane treatment as a simple and convenient method using aminopropyl triethoxy silane is introduced in the article. Natural fibers have been treated with silane coupling agent for evaluating their physico-chemical properties (swelling in different solvents, moisture absorbance, water uptake, and chemical resistance). Thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis/derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTA/DTG), SEM microscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) measurements were used as characterization techniques for evaluating the nature of these untreated/treated natural fibers. Also, polymer composites were fabricated using these fibers as reinforcing materials and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) as polymer matrix. The effect of fiber dimension on the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix resin such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and wear resistance was evaluated. Polymer composites prepared were also evaluated for morphological, thermal, and physicochemical properties.
Location-Aware Dynamic Session-Key Management for Grid-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Security is a critical issue for sensor networks used in hostile environments. When wireless sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network are distributed in an insecure hostile environment, the sensor nodes must be protected: a secret key must be used to protect the nodes transmitting messages. If the nodes are not protected and become compromised, many types of attacks against the network may result. Such is the case with existing schemes, which are vulnerable to attacks because they mostly provide a hop-by-hop paradigm, which is insufficient to defend against known attacks. We propose a location-aware dynamic session-key management protocol for grid-based wireless sensor networks. The proposed protocol improves the security of a secret key. The proposed scheme also includes a key that is dynamically updated. This dynamic update can lower the probability of the key being guessed correctly. Thus currently known attacks can be defended. By utilizing the local information, the proposed scheme can also limit the flooding region in order to reduce the energy that is consumed in discovering routing paths.
[Exendin-4 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by regulating Sirt1/PGC1α].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Exendin-4 protects against myocardial injury in diabetic mice by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting oxidative stress through the Sirt1/PGC1α signaling pathway.