jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PONS &ndash; Mobility Assistance on Footpaths for Public Transportation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an ongoing project targeting mobility support for users of public transportation including people with limited mobility. Existing approaches in this field mostly offer non-continuous guidance during the whole journey including multiple rides with different vehicles and footpaths in between at transfer points. Especially people with limited mobility, like people with disabilities and elderly people, or travelers who are not familiar with the specific route or transfer point, like tourists, often struggle with public transportation. They crave for a seamless approach covering all links of the mobility chain &ndash; the sequence of sections of the whole route &ndash; and providing comprehensive assistance throughout the whole journey. Previous projects and widespread experiences of project partners revealed that especially footpath sections are lacking proper support. In particular, the consortium identified three problem areas in existing approaches when dealing with footpath sections: (1) A lack of information, (2) a lack of orientation and (3) a lack of provision of services. In order to bridge (lat. PONS) these gaps in the mobility chain, new paradigms and technology concepts are developed to tackle the shortcomings on footpaths and combined in a toolkit to help developers of applications with focus on pedestrian navigation and public transport to improve their solutions with sustainable and state-of-the-art approaches.
Mapping ionospheric backscatter measured by the SuperDARN HF radars – Part 1: A new empirical virtual height model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Accurately mapping the location of ionospheric backscatter targets (density irregularities) identified by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars can be a major problem, particularly at far ranges for which the radio propagation paths are longer and more uncertain. Assessing and increasing the accuracy of the mapping of scattering locations is crucial for the measurement of two-dimensional velocity structures on the small and meso-scale, for which overlapping velocity measurements from two radars need to be combined, and for studies in which SuperDARN data are used in conjunction with measurements from other instruments. The co-ordinates of scattering locations are presently estimated using a combination of the measured range and a model virtual height, assuming a straight line virtual propagation path. By studying elevation angle of arrival information of backscatterred signals from 5 years of data (1997–2001) from the Saskatoon SuperDARN radar we have determined the actual distribution of the backscatter target locations in range-virtual height space. This has allowed the derivation of a new empirical virtual height model that allows for a more accurate mapping of the locations of backscatter targets.
Morphology and histology of the thymus gland in dromedary camel with particular reference to thymic Hassall's corpuscles

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The thymus gland is the primary lymphoid organ that undergoes postnatal growth followed by gradual atrophies and functional decline with age progress. The thymus gland has similar morphology across species, with a thoracic portion in the cranial mediastinum and a cervical portion along the trachea. Histologically, the thymus consists of an outer cortex populated with darkly stained T lymphocytes and a pale inner medulla. The medulla contains thymic Hassall's corpuscles (THC), which may function as sites for T cell maturation or as communication points between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. The thymus gland in camels has yet to be well studied, with limited research on its macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. In this study, the thymus glands of camel calves were examined. The thoracic portion was triangular and located in the cranioventral part of the mediastinum. The cervical portion extends cranially to the level of the thyroid gland and, in some cases, to the larynx. Histologically, the camel thymus had a fibrous capsule and connective tissue trabeculae, dividing the gland into incomplete lobules. The cortex was heavily populated with thymocytes, while the medulla contained epithelial reticular cells. A perivascular space (PVS) consisting of mature T lymphocytes surrounding blood vessels was also identified. THCs were present in the medulla, with variable shapes and forms ranging from small-sized to very large-sized with degenerative changes. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of the thymus gland in camels and its implications for vaccination programs and immune health.
Eat to Treat: The Methods and Assessments of a Culinary Medicine Seminar for Future Physicians and Practicing Clinicians

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nutrition-associated chronic disease is an epidemic in the United States (US), yet most medical schools lack adequate nutrition education. We developed a six-session culinary medicine (CM) seminar entitled “Eat to Treat: A Nutrition Course for Future Clinicians” that teaches culinary skills, nutrition science, and counseling techniques to improve clinical nutrition management. The seminar was offered in-person to first-year medical students in a medical school-based teaching kitchen from 2017 to 2019. A virtual three-session course was also offered to practicing clinicians in 2020. Voluntary self-efficacy questionnaires were collected at the beginning of the first and last sessions of the student seminar, and paired t-tests determined the course’s effect on survey items. A total of 53 first-year medical students attended the program over five semesters, and 39 students (73.6%) completed both surveys. All except one measure of self-efficacy were significantly higher at session 6 than session 1 (p < 0.05). A post-course survey was utilized for the clinician seminar and of the 31 participants, 14 completed the surveys; 93% and 86% of respondents agreed the course was clinically relevant and improved their confidence, respectively. We developed a CM curriculum that improved nutrition knowledge and confidence among a professionally diverse cohort and may represent a scalable education model to improve nutrition education in US medical schools.
On the status, synonymy and tribal position of Phaeocoris Jakovlev, 1887 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phaeocoris is resurrected from synonymy with Dymantis. Lodosia is synonymized with Phaeocoris, and L. gonocoxa, with Ph. ellipticus. The structure of the male and female genitalia of Phaeocoris shows that this genus does not belong to Sciocorini, but also its placement in Myrocheini is problematic.
Configuring Reception

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the growing sociological interest in the object, and the long-standing tradition in the humanities and social sciences concerned with the creation of art and artefacts, there is relatively little research about how people in ordinary day-to-day circumstances explore and respond to exhibits in museums and galleries. In this article, we address the conduct and interaction of visitors to museums and galleries and consider how they examine and experience objects and artefacts in collaboration with each other. In particular, we address the ways in which one participant shapes, through gesture and talk, how those they are with look at and respond to exhibits. The article is based on the analysis of audio-visual recordings gathered in museums and galleries both in the UK and abroad.
Re-lift enhanced positive output superlift luo converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This project aims to design and build controllers to regulate the output voltage of the Re-lift enhanced positive super lift Luo converter and Cuk converter. In this report, it will discuss and present the theoretical knowledge, circuitry designs, implementation and control of the re-lift enhanced Luo converter. A hysteresis sliding mode current controller was used to control the output voltage of the converter. The controller was designed to track the voltage change and interference load test requirements to determine the robustness. Experimental results will be presented to verify that these requirements were achieved. At the same time, it will also present the simulation of the Cuk converter with adaptive current mode controller.
Tormentic acid induces anticancer effects in cisplatin-resistant human cervical cancer cells mediated via cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and targeting mTOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Editors of JBUON issue an Expression of Concern to 'Tormentic acid induces anticancer effects in cisplatin-resistant human cervical cancer cells mediated via cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and targeting mTOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway', by Jinrong Wu, Ning Wang, Gang Jin, Lili Xue, JBUON 2020;25(1):74-79; PMID: 32277616. Following the publication of the above article, readers drew to our attention that part of the data was possibly unreliable. We sent emails to the authors with a request to provide the raw data to prove the originality, but received no reply. Therefore, as we continue to work through the issues raised, we advise readers to interpret the information presented in the article with due caution. We thank the readers for bringing this matter to our attention. We apologize for any inconvenience it may cause.
Restorative proctocolectomy with end to end pouch-anal anastomosis in patients over the age of fifty.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was to examine whether 'fit' patients over the age of 50 who require elective surgery for ulcerative colitis are suitable candidates for restorative proctocolectomy, providing that they are continent before operation and that the anal sphincter is preserved in its entirety without stripping of the mucosa or endoanal anastomosis. Between 1986 and 1991, 18 patients 50 to 66 years old (median 55 years: nine men) underwent restorative proctocolectomy with end to end ileoanal anastomosis without mucosal stripping (12 quadruplicated (W), four duplicated (J), two no reservoir). The results were compared 12 (range three to 24) months later with those of 18 matched patients who were less than 50 years of age (median 34 years). In patients over 50, median resting anal pressure was 88 (range 44-131) cm water before and 80 (47-138) cm water after the operation (NS). In patients under 50, median resting anal pressure was 76 (51-128) cm water before and 77 (36-137) cm water after operation (NS). Resting anal pressure in older patients did not differ significantly from that in younger patients either before or after the operation. Both sensory and reflex anal functions were preserved as well after operation in the older patients as in the younger ones. The clinical results in patients over 50 were slightly inferior to the results for the younger patients, but the difference was small and not significant. Hence age alone is not a contraindication to restorative surgery provided that the anal sphincter is preserved in its entirety.
New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Towards a Sustainable Multifaceted Revolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recent high performance of ChatGPT on several standardized academic tests has thrust the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) into the mainstream conversation about the future of education. As deep learning is poised to shift the teaching paradigm, it is essential to have a clear understanding of its effects on the current education system to ensure sustainable development and deployment of AI-driven technologies at schools and universities. This research aims to investigate the potential impact of AI on education through review and analysis of the existing literature across three major axes: applications, advantages, and challenges. Our review focuses on the use of artificial intelligence in collaborative teacher--student learning, intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessment, and personalized learning. We also report on the potential negative aspects, ethical issues, and possible future routes for AI implementation in education. Ultimately, we find that the only way forward is to embrace the new technology, while implementing guardrails to prevent its abuse.
Severe Primary Pulmonary Hypertension in Pregnancy: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this case report, the management of a 35-week pregnant patient with primary pulmonary hypertension who had a cesarean section operation under regional anesthesia is discussed in the light of literature. In the preoperative examination, the patient suffered from severe dyspnea. She was discovered to have tricuspid insufficiency (4°) and her systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was measured at 110 mmHg. The patient was successfully managed with combined spinal epidural anesthesia and was then referred to the cardiology intensive care unit.
A Review of Studies on Chuna Manual Therapy for Low Back Pain through Korean Database Search

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This review aimed to investigate studies of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for low back pain and the evidence of their effects in order to suggest a better research method in the future. Methods We investigated studies on CMT for low back pain by searching Korean web databases from 2020 to 2021. As a result, 72 research papers were analyzed according to their published year, the titles of journals, the types of studies, the techniques of Chuna, and the instruments used for assessment. Results The results were as follows: 1. There were three papers published initially in 2000. this number showed a steady increase, and a total of 72 papers were published that year. 2. Studies on CMT were mainly published in the Journal of Korea Chuna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves. 3. When categorized according to the methods of studies, a simple case report was used more often than the sum of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. 4. The most frequently adopted technique of Chuna in the examined studies was the COX flexion and distraction technique. 5. The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were used as primary means of assessment. Conclusions Based on the analysis, it was observed that this review provided limited evidence of CMT use in patients with LBP. Therefore, further investigation using well-designed RCTs is required to obtain higher evidence.
<title>Template selection and rejection for robust nonrigid 3D registration in the presence of large deformations</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of the proposed template propagation method is to support the comparative analysis of image pairs even when large deformations (e.g. from movement) are present. Starting from a position where valid starting estimates are known, small sub-volumes (templates) are registered rigidly. Propagating registration results to neighboring templates, the algorithm proceeds layer by layer until corresponding points for the whole volume are available. Template classification is important for defining the templates to be registered, for propagating registration results and for selecting successfully registered templates which finally represent the motion vector field. This contribution discusses a template selection and classification strategy based on the analysis of the similarity measure in the vicinity of the optimum. For testing the template propagation and classification methods, deformation fields of four volume pairs exhibiting considerable deformations have been estimated and the results have been compared to corresponding points picked by an expert. In all four cases, the proposed classification scheme was successful. Based on homologous points resulting from template propagation, an elastic transformation was performed.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of EndoVac and Conventional Irrigating Systems in Primary Molars – An in Vitro Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the apical extrusion of irrigant and depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules using the EndoVac irrigating system and the manual irrigation system in primary molar teeth. Study design: Twenty five extracted primary molars satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups of 29 roots in each group with an equal distribution of apical foramen area. The teeth were mounted in pre-weighed glass bottles and the canals were irrigated with both the irrigating systems using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution mixed with acid fuchsin which enables the irrigating solution to penetrate efficiently into the dentinal tubules. The amount of irrigant extruded was recorded. The roots were sectioned at 2mm, 4mm and 6mm from the apex and examine the depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules under a stereomicroscope. Results: Apical extrusion of the irrigant was significantly less with the EndoVac system (1.18±1.04gms) when compared to manual irrigation system (2.3±1.55gms) (P&lt;0.05). EndoVac irrigation system showed greater depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules (49.90±17.52mm, 32.17±12.20mm and 15.70±8.91mm) compared to the manual irrigation system (30.48±16.27mm, 14.74±9.67mm and 5.59±7.09mm) at 6mm, 4mm and 2mm respectively (P&lt;0.05). Results showed that the depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules with both the irrigating systems was found to be significantly greater in the six mm sections compared to the four mm and two mm sections (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The EndoVac irrigation system showed significantly greater efficacy compared to the manual irrigation system in primary molars with less amount of irrigant extrusion and better depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules.
Correlations between Labor Employment and Economic Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main objectives of macroeconomic policy for most governments are: a high level of labouremployment, price stability and high rate of economic growth. As far as I walk in life, I learnsomething new, everywhere I go, I find something that fascinates me. This is why this subject hasan influence over me, I wonder every day why people find a job to maintain with such difficulty andwhy they are so lazy when they hear about work. This type of behaviour leads to a huge increase ofunemployment, because people leave their courage under an invisible line and create a fakepersonality where they hide saying that they canâ€™t do what society wants. In case that increasinginflation is obvious, unemployment is decreasing and people are trying to find something to do, towork, because inflation also leads to some actions which affect directly the unemployed ones.
[Experimental study on the effectiveness of BRM in radiation therapy--OK-432 and cyclophosphamide].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have previously demonstrated that specific antitumor cell-mediated immunity in host mice was induced or enhanced by local irradiation to tumor. In this study, the immunological status of host mice with transplanted tumor were modified by using OK-432 as immunostimulator and cyclophosphamide as suppressor of suppressor T-cells before and/or after local irradiation to tumor. The results indicate that the combined use of immunomodifier and radiation is more effective in the tumor radiotherapy. Three factors as follows: the interval of drug and radiation, the times of treatments and dose of immunostimulator and immunosuppressor, are very important in these combined therapy.
Child Protection in Lithuania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter expounds on the child protection system in Lithuania. The development of a system of child protection coincides with the necessity to create a political and administrative apparatus for state administration. Additionally, large-scale residential childcare is a prominent form of guardianship of children deprived of parental care. Thus, the separation of siblings, isolation of disabled children, and delinquent children are widespread across the country. Changes in the institution of social work and child psychologists were influenced by the desire to create an independent child protection system in Lithuania and Lithuania’s ambition to join the EU. Child protection reform was enacted slowly following the ratification of the UNCRC.
Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Prenatal sensory stimulation can have facilitative or interfering effects upon subsequent perceptual learning and development in bobwhite quail. Exposure to moderate amounts of unimodal prenatal sensory stimulation has been shown to accelerate early intersensory responsiveness, while exposure to concurrent prenatal bimodal sensory stimulation has been shown to interfere with perceptual learning and development. An immediate mechanism that may underlie this developmental intersensory interference is the arousal level of the organism associated with exposure to prenatal bimodal stimulation. Concurrent bimodal stimulation is known to elicit significantly higher levels of behavioral arousal and heart rate in bobwhite quail embryos. This study investigated the possibility that increased arousal associated with prenatal bimodal stimulation could have enduring effects upon subsequent postnatal behavioral organization and perceptual abilities in bobwhite quail. Subjects were exposed to one of three prenatal stimulation regimes: (a) concurrent bimodal (auditory/visual) stimulation, (b) unimodal auditory stimulation, or (c) no supplemental stimulation. Chicks exposed to concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation demonstrated significantly greater levels of behavioral activity as well as decreased social behavior in the open-field when compared to unimodal auditory subjects and controls. Additionally, prenatal bimodal exposure may have led to a failure to utilize multimodal maternal cues in determining species-specific perceptual preferences in the days following hatching. All exposure groups demonstrated postnatal auditory learning of a maternal call, thus no interference effect was found for concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation on postnatal auditory learning. These results suggest that concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation has enduring effects upon postnatal behavioral arousal that may impact perceptual responsiveness of bobwhite quail in the days following hatching.
A study of gate-type wave attenuators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new type of gate structures for harbour entrances is proposed in this paper. The principal objective of the proposed structures is provide protection from incident wave fromthe outer harbour in rough condition, thus creating a inner area of calm water for the mooring of small boats. The bottom hinged flap type was proposed as one of the typical structures and the side hinged double flaps type was proposed for shallow water for not be an obstacle of boat passage. It was evaluated the wave attenuation characteristics and the forces from wave loading of the structures by numerical analysis comparing with physical model test results.