jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prenatal risk factors for Caesarean section. Analyses of the ALSPAC cohort of 12 944

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background There has been an escalation in Caesarean section rates globally. Numerous prenatal factors have been associated with elective and emergency Caesarean section, some of which may be amenable to change. Methods A population-based cohort of 12 944 singleton, liveborn, term pregnancies were used to investigate risk factors for Caesarean section using multivariable logistic regression modelling. Numerous prenatal factors were investigated for their associations with the following outcomes: first, with Caesarean section (both elective and emergency) compared with vaginal delivery (spontaneous and assisted); second, for their associations with elective Caesarean section compared with attempted vaginal delivery; and finally emergency Caesarean section compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery.
Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intent

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of the present study, which is part of a larger cross‐cultural study, is to examine two potential antecedents of entrepreneurial intent (EI): proactive personality (PP) and entrepreneurial self‐efficacy (ESE). Specifically, the study is interested in empirically testing the mechanism (mediation/moderation) by which ESE affected the relationship between PP/EI. Design/methodology/approach – For testing the mediation and moderation hypotheses the study used structural equation modeling and moderated regression analyses respectively. Findings – The authors found that PP has a robust relationship with the three different manifestations of EI – general, high growth, and lifestyle. Furthermore, ESE not only mediated the relationship between PP and all the three forms of EI but also moderated the relationship between PP and high growth EI as well as PP and lifestyle EI. Research limitations/implications – The authors studied intent, not behavior, with the understanding that cognitive intent is a powerful predictor of later behavior. Future research can replicate this study using entrepreneurial behavior instead of intent. Implications for education and future research are discussed. Practical implications – The results of the study can be used and applied to both pedagogic and business settings in the field of entrepreneurship. Originality/value – The present study not only provides evidence for the robust relationship between EI and PP but provides insight into the mechanism by which ESE affects EI/PP relationship.
USA 1860: the thoughts and writings of Alexander H Stephens

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A reading from the 1865 book Pictorial history of the civil war in the United States of America, by Benson J Lossing 00:47 'Stephens' matter and manner' 03:48 'the new President would be powerless' 06:30 'when wisdom prevails and passion is silent' 08:06 'in a private letter' 10:27 'the Slave Labor States had always received...' 12:54 Revenue of the States FIND A VIDEO OF THIS EPISODE AT: https://www.youtube.com/user/historyacw
Surgical Treatment for Intrahepatic, Peri-Hilar, and Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: 20-Single Institutional Year Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Surgical resection is the curative treatment for all subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), including intrahepatic, hilar/peri-hilar, and distal. This study evaluates patients with CCA who underwent surgery and determines factors that impact their survival. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients who underwent surgical resection for CCA at our institution from 1995 to 2016. Demographics, operative variables between CCA tumors, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Predictors of overall and recurrence-free survival were determined via statistical analysis. Results A total of 170 patients with a mean age of 61 years old underwent surgical resection of intrahepatic (n = 64, 37.6%), hilar/peri-hilar (n = 75, 44.1%), and distal (n = 31, 18.2%) CCA. Operations performed included liver resections (n = 83, 48.8%), liver transplants (n = 56, 32.9%), and pancreaticoduodenectomies (n = 31, 18.2%). The overall survival rate at 1, 5, and 10 years was 81.1%, 32.4%, and 17.2%, respectively. Low pathological stage and negative resection margins were associated with lower recurrence and higher survival rates. Tumor location and the type of operation performed were not predictive of recurrence or OS in this cohort. Discussion This study shows that definitive surgical resection with negative margins can result in long-term survival even at 10 years. Small tumor size and low pathological stage are predictive of higher survival rates post-surgery, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment in achieving positive outcomes.
Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.
[Application of second- and third-generation sequencing for bacterial typing].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a modern method that allows deep understanding of studied organisms and is currently gaining importance in molecular microbiology. Data obtained by whole-genome sequencing can be used for a number of different analyses, specifically in bacterial epidemiology. The authors provide an overview of the methods that are used for bacterial typing, description of their principles with subsequent possibilities for evaluation of the obtained data and applications in hospital research.
"Shui Diao Ge Tou" from Poems of the Sung Dynasty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Shui Diao Ge Tou” from Poems of the Sung Dynasty is a piece for full orchestra. It was suggested by two poems of Su Dong Po. One is “Shui Diao Ge Tou”. The other one is “Jiang Chen Zi”. No movement of this piece has a fixed form, but the whole piece takes on the arch structure. The musical development is analogous to the texts of the poems, and the whole piece is controlled by two principal themes. They can first be found at measures 6 and 15. The materials of this work are drawn from the old traditional Chinese music. They are not always based on a pentatonic scale. Instead, they often have seven-tone scales which are similar to the Mixolydian, Lydian or Ionian church modes. Sometimes I even combined them like Bartok did. I wondered if these melodic patterns would give more an Asian quality to this piece. They connect better with the poems written by Su Dong Po. I really got an idea a long time ago to combine the Western composing techniques and Chinese flavor. The more interesting thing for this piece is the title of the second movement “A Dialogue Between Su Dong Po and Debussy”. How did I come up with this title? When I composed the first movement, I found that Debussy’s “La Mer” and Ravel’s “Rapsodie Espagnole” had some influences on my music. So I tried to make a quotation there, but my music is quite different from theirs. And at the same time, I developed the two main themes so that the music is like a dialogue between two people who come from the different countries, two different cultures. I was wondering if I have successfully combined the two different elements.
Clinical results in reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the most suitable treatment for the patellar instability at the present in patients with two or more episodes of dislocation or only one with condral lesion. This is because it is the principal medial stabilizer of the patella. This process could be supplemented with an osseous correction as tibial tuberosity transference. Objectives: assess the clinical results of the reconstruction of the MPLF in patients with patellar instability. Study Design: Case series, level of evidence IV. Methods: We enroll all patients with this procedure between form April 2011 to February 2015, the sample has 27 reconstruction in 25 patients, who has two or more episodes of patellar dislocation. The graft used was gracilis tendon, set with suture anchor, and tibial tuberosity transfer in 9 patients who need an osseous procedure. Results: The average Kujala score was 90,1 points ( 64-100). Was necessary tibial tuberosity transference in one third of se sample. And in those patients there no difference compared with the isolated reconstruction.There was no episode of patellar dislocation or a second surgical time in the sample. Conclusion: The reconstruction of MPLF show excellent clinical outcomes in a short and medium terms , with 0% of dislocation and no second surgical time, in this kind of patients.
Methodology for Clinical Trials with Antiarrhythmic Drugs to Prevent Cardiac Death: US Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sudden cardiac death is a massive public health problem that claims almost a half million lives a year in the United States. Several high-risk groups have been identified: survivors of cardiac arrest; patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia; survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) who have more than 10 ventricular premature depolarizations (VPD) per hour or repetitive VPD; and patients with class III or IV congestive heart failure (CHF) and unsustained ventricular tachycardia. The effects of open label drug treatment have been tested in survivors of cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular tachycardia using either electrophysiologic studies or 24-hour ECG recordings and exercise testing. Patients classified as drug responders using these methods have a lower mortality rate during follow-up than do those classified as nonresponders. This result is difficult to interpret. The test procedures may be identifying effective drugs, or alternatively, drug testing may identify high- and low-risk groups even though the drugs have no effect on survival. Recently, study designs have been proposed for conducting controlled trials in patients with malignant arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias after MI have been the subject of intensive study for the past 20 years. About 20% of these patients have ventricular arrhythmias between 6 and 90 days after MI. The presence of ventricular arrhythmias after MI increases the risk of dying two- to fourfold. Arrhythmias predict death independently of left ventricular dysfunction. However, it has not been demonstrated that treatment of ventricular arrhythmias after MI significantly decreases mortality. The goals of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) were: to find a therapeutic strategy that could significantly suppress ventricular arrhythmias with an acceptable adverse effect rate; to determine efficient methods for case finding; to identify efficient methods for evaluating the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy; to demonstrate the feasibility of recruiting patients and maintaining treatment over a 1-year period; and to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of behavioral studies. The study enrolled 502 patients, randomizing approximately 100 patients each into one of five treatment limbs: one group treated with placebo, and four treated with antiarrhythmic drugs (two with class IC and two with class IA action). Dose adjustment was permitted; patients who failed to satisfy the criteria for drug efficacy were permitted to cross over to a second drug (patients on class IC agents crossed over to class IA agents and vice versa).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Enhancing Remote-PPG Pulse Extraction in Disturbance Scenarios Utilizing Spectral Characteristics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, several approaches for remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) have been proposed, and the recently proposed methods have achieved substantial improvement in measurement accuracy. However, none of the methods has investigated the possibility of using the spectral characteristics for the design of rPPG signal extraction algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new rPPG measurement method which exploits the spectral characteristics of rPPG signals. We validated the freshly proposed method on a benchmark dataset including seven scenarios and 26 participants. The results of the validation experiment demonstrates the feasibility to use spectral characteristics to extract rPPG signal. By combining with the constraint plane, the new proposed method provides better overall performance.
Methods of Developing Students’ Writing Activity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article notes that the writing activity of students has acquired paramount importance and the need to use various techniques for it. Development of students’ writing activity during the learning process. After listening to the exercises in the classroom, students make corrections by marking (*) and express their opinions in order to improve the content of the written work. The teacher evaluates the overall level of work by asking what topic the written work likes. Some of the textbook exercises can also be done in this way. When teaching Kyrgyz as a foreign language, work is underway on the “History of the Pyramid,” which was considered as a method of teaching students to freely express their thoughts and opinions as an author or character. Here students work individually, in pairs and groups. The pyramid diagram is provided as a reference (1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8). Each step tells you what words to write, resulting in coherent text and telling a story. Each student writes creatively according to his own abilities and uses artistic means of expression.
Influence of Interface Modification on Photoelectrochemical Behaviour of Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon in Aqueous Electrolytes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The photoelectrochemical behavior of amorphous hydrogenated Si in aqueous electrolytes is investigated. Emphasis is put on competitive processes involving oxidation and depassivation and general possibilities of interface conditioning for modification of electronic properties. Photocurrent transients comparing the behavior of amorphous and crystalline samples are recorded to investigate the dynamics of interfacial processes. At potentials cathodic from flatband, a photoconductive gain effect is observed on a‐Si:H with quantum yields > 10 under appropriate bias and illumination.
Spatial frequency and orientation tuning dynamics in area V1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spatial frequency (SF) and orientation tuning are intrinsic properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (area V1). To investigate the neural mechanisms mediating selectivity in the awake animal, we measured the temporal dynamics of SF and orientation tuning. We adapted a high-speed reverse-correlation method previously used to characterize orientation tuning dynamics in anesthetized animals to estimate efficiently the complete spatiotemporal receptive fields in area V1 of behaving macaques. We found that SF and orientation tuning are largely separable over time in single neurons. However, spatiotemporal receptive fields also contain a small nonseparable component that reflects a significant difference in response latency for low and high SF stimuli. The observed relationship between stimulus SF and latency represents a dynamic shift in SF tuning, and suggests that single V1 neurons might receive convergent input from the magno- and parvocellular processing streams. Although previous studies with anesthetized animals suggested that orientation tuning could change dramatically over time, we find no substantial evidence of dynamic changes in orientation tuning.
Tracking genes of ecological relevance using a genome scan in two independent regional population samples of Arabis alpina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the genetic basis of adaptation in response to environmental variation is fundamental as adaptation plays a key role in the extension of ecological niches to marginal habitats and in ecological speciation. Based on the assumption that some genomic markers are correlated to environmental variables, we aimed to detect loci of ecological relevance in the alpine plant Arabis alpina L. sampled in two regions, the French (99 locations) and the Swiss (109 locations) Alps. We used an unusually large genome scan [825 amplified fragment length polymorphism loci (AFLPs)] and four environmental variables related to temperature, precipitation and topography. We detected linkage disequilibrium among only 3.5% of the considered AFLP loci. A population structure analysis identified no admixture in the study regions, and the French and Swiss Alps were differentiated and therefore could be considered as two independent regions. We applied generalized estimating equations (GEE) to detect ecologically relevant loci separately in the French and Swiss Alps. We identified 78 loci of ecological relevance (9%), which were mainly related to mean annual minimum temperature. Only four of these loci were common across the French and Swiss Alps. Finally, we discuss that the genomic characterization of these ecologically relevant loci, as identified in this study, opens up new perspectives for studying functional ecology in A. alpina, its relatives and other alpine plant species.
Safety and utility of surveillance biopsies in pediatric kidney transplant patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract There is currently no way to diagnose a rejection before a change in serum creatinine. This had led some to start doing SB, but little data exist on the utility and safety of SB in pediatric patients. There is also little known on practice patterns of pediatric nephrologists. A retrospective review of pediatric kidney transplant SB between January 2013 and January 2017 at a single center was performed. A survey went to the PedNeph email list. There were 47 SB; 15 at 6 months, 12 at 1 year, 13 at 2 years, and 7 at 3 years. There were 3 minor (1 gross hematuria and 2 hematomas) and no major complications. On 6‐month SB, 1 had SC 1A ACR (6.7%) with no BR ACR. On the 12‐month SB, there were 5 with SCBR ACR (41.7%) and 1 with SC AMR (8.3%). On the 2‐year SB, there were 4 that had SCBR ACR (30.8%), and 1 with SC AMR (7.7%). On the 3‐year SB, 1 had chronic transplant glomerulitis (14.3%). The survey showed that 34.3% of pediatric nephrologists perform SB. SB can be performed safely. By early identification of histological lesions, SB gives us an opportunity for individualized immunosuppressive regimens that may prevent chronic allograft dysfunction and improve long‐term graft outcome.
Data from miR-221 Silencing Blocks Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Promotes Survival

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) face a dismal prognosis because of a lack of any effective therapies. To address this situation, we conducted a preclinical investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of oligonucleotides directed against the oncogenic microRNA miR-221, which has been implicated in HCC. Of 9 chemistries evaluated, we determined that a 2′-<i>O</i>-methyl phosphorothioate-modified anti-miR-221 oligonucleotide was most effective at reducing proliferation <i>in vitro</i>. A cholesterol-modified isoform of anti-miR-221 (chol-anti-miR-221) exhibited improved pharmacokinetics and liver tissue distribution compared with unmodified oligonucleotide. Chol-anti-miR-221 significantly reduced miR-221 levels in liver within a week of intravenous administration and <i>in situ</i> hybridization studies confirmed accumulation of the oligonucleotide in tumor cells <i>in vivo</i>. Within the same period, chol-anti-miR-221 reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased markers of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, elevating the tumor doubling time and increasing mouse survival. Taken together, our findings offer a preclinical proof of efficacy for chol-anti-miR-221 in a valid orthotopic mouse model of HCC, suggesting that this targeted agent could benefit treatment for patients with advanced HCC. <i>Cancer Res; 71(24); 7608–16. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Kedisiplinan, Kepuasan Dan Motivasi Kerja Merupakan Penunjang Bagi Para Karyawan Perusahaan Swasta Berpendidikan Rendah Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Kerja Di Perusahaan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The results of case studies on PT. Modern Surya Jaya Piling Division in Krian Sidoarjo East Java showed that employees with low education are less disciplined in terms of entry to and from work. The results of research in the field showed that the average employee who delayed between 5-8 people per day, and likely not the same person. Similarly, the lack of discipline in the use of work time is not optimal, no discipline in the use of fuel. The low education employees in general were satisfied with their current jobs, and tend not to want to change job, satisfied with his colleagues, as well as satisfied with the current leadership. Thelow education employees generally stated that they have sufficient income to meet basic needs, and will be even better if there is an additional income. They generally have not been able to meet the employment targets, particularly in terms of time. They also generally have not been able to think for the benefit of thecompany, which is considered only their personal interests
From Countercultures to Suburban Cultures: Frank Zappa after 1968

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Suburbia would prove to be the terminus of Frank Zappa's satirical project. In the final analysis, the ringmaster of freaks, a mother to the North American counterculture and champion of outsiders would find himself outnumbered and outmanoeuvred by the rising tide of 'plastic people'. The nature and efficacy of Zappa's last formal political stand at this juncture is the concern of this chapter. It is the precise social and political moment of this juncture – as the 1970s turned into the 1980s, and the dawn of the Reagan era, perceived as the final routing of 'the long 1960s' – that lends a context to Zappa's seemingly reactionary sentiments, a framing which goes some way to recover Zappa's work from its detractors.