jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The cytokeratin profiles of ovarian common "epithelial" tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An improved immunohistochemical determination of the cytokeratin profiles of epithelia and their neoplasms is possible using monoclonal antibodies that will either identify all 19 cytokeratins (AE1/3) or delineate specific subsets (35 beta H11, 34 beta E12, 34 beta B4 and Cam 5.2). Ovarian common "epithelial" tumors (CET) contain cytokeratin filaments. To determine the nature and differences in the cytokeratin profiles of ovarian CET, eight benign Brenner tumors, four serous cystadenofibromas, 28 mucinous tumors, 27 serous tumors and six endometrioid, five clear cell and five undifferentiated carcinomas, as well as nine normal ovaries were immunostained with the above five antibodies. AE1/3 staining was predominant, while Cam 5.2 and 35 beta H11 displayed the most frequent staining thereafter. Statistically significant staining differences were found between a number of tumor groups using the antibodies 35 beta H11, 34 beta E12 and Cam 5.2. In this study, all ovarian CET, except the benign Brenner tumors, displayed a predominantly low molecular weight cytokeratin profile. The same profile in the normal surface epithelium lends credence to the belief that these tumors are derived from this epithelium. A significant staining difference between some of the tumor types using some of the antibodies suggests a possible ancillary, diagnostic role of cytokeratin profiling in situations where exact tumor typing is difficult.
Patient Generated Dysphoria in Psychiatric Residents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Caring for patients can induce intense emotions in psychiatrists. Although clinical experience suggests that such feeling can become a source of stress for the psychiatrists, particularly the first year resident, and interfere adversely with patient care, research in this area has been lacking. We studied a group of psychiatric residents in order to identify what patient conditions or characteristics induce the greatest dysphoria and adversely affect the quality of patient care. Serious medical illnesses induced the greatest dysphoria.
Soil toposequence relationship and classification in lower outlier of Chhotanagpur plateau

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pedological investigation carried out on a soil toposequence of Chhotanagpur plateau indicated that the area was occupied by four typical Alfisols with well expressed illuvial horizons (Bt) developed in old alluvium underlain by granite-gneiss. The soils in the upper slope of the toposequence are very deep, excessive to well drained, sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture and yellowish red to dark red in colour whereas the soils in the lower slopes arc very deep, imperfect to poorly drained, silt loam to clay in texture and light brownish grey to grey in colour with characteristic rcdoximorphic features. The soils are moderately acidic to near neutral, low to medium In organic carbon, low to medium in CEC with medium to high base saturation. The soils are classified along the toposequence as Ultic Paleustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs. Aquic Haplustalfs and Aerie Endoaqualfs. All the soils were well developed however, the protile development was least at the toe end of the toposequence.
SH1272049.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Recent Advances in Nanostructured Vanadium Oxides and Composites for Energy Conversion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Vanadium oxides are known for their multioxidation states and diverse crystalline structures. Owing to their excellent interactions with molecules or ions, outstanding catalytic activities, and/or strong electron–electron correlations, nanostructured vanadium oxides have been extensively studied for energy conversion in the recent years. Here is a review of the recent advances in the development of nanostructured vanadium oxides and their applications. The synthesis strategies and structural properties of various vanadium oxide nanostructures, including vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ), vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), and others, are summarized. The applications of vanadium oxides in energy conversion are discussed, focusing on three important types of energy sources: chemical energy (LIBs, pseudocapacitors and fuel cells), solar energy (photovoltaics and photocatalytic hydrogen evolutions), and heat (thermoelectric generation). Finally, conclusion with our remarks on the prospects of nanostructured vanadium oxides in energy conversion are provided.
Noise cancellation algorithm for respiratory sound analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Respiratory diseases such as pneumonia have been one of the top principal causes of death in Singapore from 2015 to 2017. With more people visiting the doctors in hospitals for health check-ups, it has become important for the doctor examining the patient to be able to distinguish between the background noise and the lung sound. Lung breathing sounds are an important part of the respiratory examination and is helpful in diagnosing various respiratory disorders. Lung respiratory sounds assess airflow through the trachea-bronchial tree. It is important to distinguish such sounds from abnormal ones like crackles and wheezes in order to make an accurate diagnosis; especially when there is background noise, it will make this task of doing so much tougher. In this project, the student will be focusing on the developing of a MATLAB algorithm to be able to help doctors distinguish between lung respiratory sounds and abnormal sounds by removing as much background noise as possible through the algorithm.
Study protocol of a multiphase optimization strategy trial for delivery of smoking cessation treatment in lung cancer screening settings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background There is widespread agreement that integration of cessation services in lung cancer screening (LCS) is essential for achieving the full benefits of LCS with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). There is a formidable knowledge gap about how to best design feasible, effective and scalable cessation services in LCS facilities. A collective of NCI-funded clinical trials addressing this gap is the SCALE (Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination) Collaboration. Methods The Cessation and Screening to Save Lives (CASTL) trial seeks to advance knowledge about the reach, effectiveness, and implementation of tobacco treatment in lung cancer screening. We describe the rationale, design, evaluation plan and interventions tested in this multiphase optimization strategy trial (MOST). A total of 1,152 screening-eligible current smokers are being recruited from 18 LCS sites (n = 64/site) in both academic and community settings. Participants receive enhanced standard care (cessation advice and referral to the national Quitline) and are randomized to receive additional tobacco treatment components (motivational counseling, nicotine replacement patches/lozenges, message framing). The primary outcome is biochemically-validated, abstinence at 6 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are self-reported smoking abstinence, quit attempts, and smoking reduction at 3- and 6-months. Guided by the Implementation Outcomes Framework (IOF), our evaluation includes measurement of implementation processes (reach, fidelity, acceptability, appropriateness, sustainability and cost). Discussion We will identify effective treatment components for delivery by LCS sites. The findings will guide assembly of an optimized smoking cessation package that achieves superior cessation outcomes. Future trials can examine strategies for wider implementation of tobacco treatment in LDCT-LCS sites. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03315910. October 20, 2017
Gas tungsten-arc welding of carbon steel to nickel-chromium-iron. Welding procedure specification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Procedure WPS-2651-ASME-1 is qualified under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for gas tungsten arc welding of carbon steel (P-1-1) to nickel-chromium-iron (P-43), in thickness range 0.125 to 0.432 in.; filler metal is ERNiCr-3 (F-43); shielding gas is argon.
Pd/C-Catalyzed Stereoselective Arene Hydrogenation of Benzocyclobutenes Enabled by π-Bond Localization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We developed here a Pd/C-catalyzed diastereoselective cis-hydrogenation of benzocyclobutene derivatives under mild conditions to deliver an array of bicyclo[4.2.0]octane scaffolds with up to five stereocenters. The π-bond localization enabled hydrogenation of the arene moiety to occur even at room temperature under 1 atm of a H2 atmosphere.
Improved transfection efficiency of chitosan‐DNA complexes employing reverse transfection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present study was designed to systematically compare the conventional and reverse transfection methodologies for chitosan/DNA complexes using a low molecular weight (MW) chitosan. The hydrodynamic diameter of the complexes, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was found to be ∼ 216 nm and TEM investigations showed spherical and compact complexes with an average size of 200 nm. The transfection efficiency of chitosan using the two methodologies was assessed by employing reporter gene coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase. More than 50% of HEK 293 cells were transfected when transfection done using reverse transfection strategy at pH 6.5 with 10% serum for 24 h followed by media replenishment with pH 7.4 with 10% serum for an additional 24 h period. Also, the cytotoxicity of chitosan/DNA complexes was also considerably lower than the commercially available transfection reagent lipofectamine. Our investigation concludes that maximal transgene expression levels could be achieved using reverse transfection where the chitosan/DNA complexes are pre‐incubated on the plate surface followed by plating of cells at pH 6.5 with 10% serum for 24h and media resupplemented with pH 7.4 with 10% serum for an additional 24 h period. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Spectral Theory of Operators on Manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Differential operators that are defined on a differentiable manifold can be used to study various properties of manifolds. The spectrum and eigenfunctions play a very significant role in this process. The objective of this chapter is to develop the heat equation method and to describe how it can be used to prove the Hodge Theorem. The Minakshisundaram‐Pleijel parametrix and asymptotic expansion are then derived. The heat equation asymptotics can be used to give a development of the Gauss‐Bonnet theorem for two‐dimensional manifolds.
Divergent stress coping strategies in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two distinct stress coping strategies, proactive and reactive, have been stated in various animal studies, each associated with a set of behavioural and physiological characteristics. In a given challenging situation, proactive animals show more aggression, a higher general activity and a predominant sympathetic reaction. In contrast, the reactive copers respond more with immobility and avoidance, and a predominant parasympathetic/hypothalamic activation. This divergence in coping has also been indicated in salmonid fish. Interestingly, many of the differences reported between sea-ranched and wild fish resembles characteristics that differentiate proactive and reactive copers. In the present thesis it is shown that individuals with divergent stress coping styles are identifiable in several brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Further, the results show that the distribution of individuals displaying these distinct stress coping strategies differs between populations. This strongly indicates that these traits are heritable and that the variation in selection regime in the native rivers influences these traits. In addition, the results show that populations with hatchery origin are biased towards having higher frequencies of trout displaying a proactive style than populations having wild origin. Also, even though the frequency of early sexual maturation, known as a viable alternative life history in salmonids, differs between populations of brown trout, no link between stress coping strategy and early sexual maturation were found. However, this thesis show that maternal contribution, in the form of egg size, is of major importance whether the progeny will sexually mature early and that it also might be of importance for stress coping strategy. Further, correlations of traits commonly associated with stress coping strategies and behavioural syndromes across context and over time is investigated. The results show that individuals with a strong sympathetic reactivity are more prone to change their behaviour than others.
Increasing Efficiency and Reliability in Multicast Routing based V2V Communication for Direction-Aware Cooperative Collision Avoidance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which are a promising method for the intelligent transportation system, include vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) (ITS). Developing reliable and strong cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) strategy to mitigate the growing number of road fatalities each year is one of the main difficulties facing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).A proper and successful routing method aids in the successful expansion of vehicular ad hoc networks. This study explains the architecture, interface layers, safety features, and implementation of a novel priority-based direction-aware collision avoidance system (P-DVCA). It distinguishes our study in the collision area of VANETs by accounting for realistic bi-directional traffic. The scheme begins with the development of dynamic clusters, which is difficult because of the bi-directional diverse traffic and the need to avoid collisions within and between clusters. The target node is sent an early warning message that includes the safe speed and the likelihood of a collision in order to notify it of an impending danger. To determine the least expensive, shortest one with the fewest hops between the source and the endpoint. A crucial problem with VANETs is the transmission of data from a source node to the base station. Cross-layer issues must be solved for a robust and stable collision avoidance programme to function properly in a VANET communication architecture. The results of the simulation show that the suggested scheme significantly outperforms CCM and C-RACCA in terms of cluster stability, fewer collisions, low latency, and low communication overhead. According to the findings, P-DVCA offers stable clustering, minimises network congestion, and lowers communication overhead and latency.
Comparative analysis of the biogenesis of photosystem H in the wild-type and Y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Expression of the genes of the photosystem II (PSII) core polypeptides D1 and D2, of three proteins of the oxygen evolving complex of PSII and of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHCP) has been compared in wild-type (wt) and in the y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Since wt, but not y-1 cells produce a fully developed photosynthetic system in the dark, comparison of the two has allowed us to distinguish the direct effect of light from the influence of plastid development on gene expression. The PSII core polypeptides and LHCP are nearly undetectable in dark-grown y-1 cells but they accumulate progressively during light induced greening. The levels of these proteins in wt are the same in the light and the dark. The amounts of the proteins of
Red cell immunization in multiply transfused Malay thalassemic patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of red blood cell (RBC) isoimmunization with alloantibodies and autoantibodies complicate transfusion therapy in multiply transfused thalassemia patients. Thus, the frequency, causes and prevention of these phenomena were studied among these patients. Clinical and serological data from 58 Malay multiply transfused thalassemic patients who sought treatment at Hospital University Sains Malaysia were collected and analyzed prospectively. Blood samples were subjected to standard blood bank procedures to screen for antibody and subsequent antibodies identification. All patients in our hospital received blood matched for only ABO and Rh (D) antigens. There were 46 (79.3%) patients with Hb E/beta thalassemia, 8 (13.8%) with beta thalassemia major, 3 (5.2%) with Hb H Constant Spring and 1 (1.7%) with Hb H disease. Overall, 8.6% of the patients had alloantibodies and 1.7% had autoantibodies. The alloantibodies identified were anti-E, anti-c, anti-K, anti-Jka, anti-N and anti-S. In conclusion, the transfusion of matched blood is essential for chronically multiply transfused patients in order to avoid alloimmunization. Considering the high frequency of anti E at our hospital, it is advisable to genotype patients and match the red cells for E antigens in multiply transfused thalassemia patients.
Role of bee attractants in pollination and productivity of onion (Allium Cepa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Afield experiment reaveled that the number of seeds/umbel (1362 seeds/umbel) was higher in the treatment Bee-Q (15 g/lit) as against 1098 and 876 seeds/umbel in open pollination without spray and PWI respectively which resulted in increase of 19.38 and 35.68 over open pollination without spray and PWI respectively. Lowest percent crinkled seeds 10.32 was in Bee-Q 15 g/lit as against 14.63 and 24.10 in open pollination without spray and PWI, respectively. Higher test weight of 7.08 g in Bee-Q 15 g/lit against 5.43 and 4.81 in the open pollination without any spray and PWI, respectively. The crop sprayed with Bee-Q 15 g/lit recorded highest yield of 83.29 g/five plants, as against 65.24 and 46.71 g/five plants in pollen pollination without spray and PWI, respectively. Thus there were 21.67 and 43.7 percent increase over open pollination without spray and PWI, respectively. Yield per hectare was highest in Bee-Q (15 g/lit) i.e. 193.04 kg/ha as against 98.42 and 84.63 kg/ha in open pollination without spray and PWI, respectively. Thus there were 49.00 and 56.15 percent increase over open pollination without spray and PWI, respectively.
Expressions of IGF-I, IGF-II and their receptor mRNAs in hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent non tumor tissues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To clarify the clinical significance and effect of the expression of IGF I,IGF II and their receptors in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and adjacent non tumor tissues. Method: In situ hybridization was used to detect the mRNAs for IGF I,IGF II and their receptors in HCC and adjacent non tumor tissues. Results:The expressions of IGF I, IGF IR, IGF II, and IGF IIR mRNA were detected in 40.0%, 46.7%, 66.7%and 63.3%, respectirely in HCC. Positive hybridization signals of IGF I, IGF IR, IGF II, and IGF IIR mRNA were found in 46.7%, 53.3%, 70.0% , and 73.3%of adjacent non tumor tissues.The liver cell dysplasia and poorly differentiated HCC cells were stained strongly positive. Conclusion:Coordinate overexpression of IGF I, IGF II and their receptors might play an important role in the formation and development of HCC.
Preoperative Biliary Drainage in Patients with Distal Obstruction Due to Pancreatic Head Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A total of 77% of pancreatic head cancers manifest with obstructive jaundice. Hyperbilirubinemia impairs immunity and nutrition and is responsible for systemic toxicity. Several studies have attempted to investigate the impact of biliary drainage prior to duodenopancreatectomy (preoperative biliary drainage [PBD]) on jaundice resolution, morbidity, mortality and infectious complications, conferring high controversy. One large randomized controlled trial concluded that PBD should not be recommended in patients with distal obstructive jaundice owing to high infection rates. However, this work has been extensively criticized due to the exclusion of severely jaundiced patients, lack of information regarding antimicrobial agents used and employment of plastic instead of metal stents. However, proponents of PBD favor its application in selected cases. This work aims to review the literature on PBD for jaundice due to pancreatic head malignancy, to outline the controversy pertaining to this modality and to identify the indications of PBD in selected patients with malignant distal obstruction.
Coping with COVID-19: a reflection on learning challenges and coping strategies – the case of an accounting conversion masters degree in New Zealand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document both, the challenges faced by a cohort of postgraduate students undertaking capstone research projects in an Accounting Conversion Master Degree Programme (ACMP), and the strategies used by teachers in response to those challenges during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Design/methodology/approach Written communications originating from students were analysed to identify areas of difficulties faced by them. These communications were thematically grouped and reflected upon through the lens of constructivist and behaviourist perspectives of learning. Findings The study found that students were severely challenged in sense-making with conceptual, application and judgement-related issues and understanding of the administrative requirements of the module. Innovative strategies used by teachers to resolve each of these issues were documented. While some strategies can be replicated in future periods, some are not sustainable as they have ramifications on other aspects of teaching and learning. Originality/value There are no known studies in this genre, conducted especially during a pandemic period.