jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How to discriminate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases from an Italian administrative database? A retrospective, secondary data use study for evaluating a novel algorithm performance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To evaluate an algorithm developed for identifying non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) candidates among patients with lung cancer with a diagnosis International Classification of Diseases: ninth revision (ICD-9) 162.x code in administrative databases. Algorithm could then be applied for identifying the NSCLC population in order to assess the appropriateness and quality of care of the NSCLC care pathway. Design Algorithm discrimination capacity to select both NSCLC or non-NSCLC was carried out on a sample for which electronic health record (EHR) diagnosis was available. A bivariate frequency distribution and other measures were used to evaluate algorithm’s performances. Associations between possible factors potentially affecting algorithm accuracy were investigated. Setting Administrative databases used in a specific geographical area of Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. Participants Algorithm was carried out on patients aged >18 years, with a lung cancer diagnosis from January to December 2017 and resident in Emilia-Romagna region who have been hospitalised at IRST or in one of the hospitals placed in the Forlì-Cesena area and for which EHR diagnosis data were available. Outcome measures Overall accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios and diagnostic OR were calculated. Results A total of 430 patients were identified as lung cancer cases based on ICD-9 diagnosis. Focusing on the total incident cases (n=314), the algorithm had an overall accuracy of 82.8% with a sensitivity of 88.8%. The analysis confirmed a high level of PPV (90.2%), but lower specificity (53.7%) and NPV (50%). Higher length of stay seemed to be associated with a correct classification. Hospitalisation regimen and a supply of antiblastic therapy seemed to increase the level of PPV. Conclusion The algorithm demonstrated a strong validity for identifying NSCLC among patients with lung cancer in hospital administrative databases and can be used to investigate the quality of cancer care for this population. Trial registration number NCT04676321 .
Dichotic listening training following neurological injury in adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Injury to the dominant left brain hemisphere can lead to specific language deficits such as aphasia, or to the cognitive processes that support language such as attention and working memory. Language is heavily supported through the auditory modality, which is a key area of deficit in acquired language disorders, and recovery of auditory processing is a prerequisite to recovery of other language modalities. A specific auditory processing deficit that has been identified following neurologic injury is dichotic listening. Some researchers have suggested that dichotic listening can be strengthened through the use of a dichotic listening training paradigm, although the impact of this training for adults with neurological injury is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dichotic listening training improved dichotic listening performance as well as auditory comprehension in individuals with neurological injuries. Method: Five individuals with a history of acquired language deficits who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in the dichotic listening training for four to six weeks. Dichotic listening and language comprehension skills were evaluated pre- and post-training. Results: Results indicated all participants progressed through a range of dichotic listening tasks during training, and four of the five individuals improved on at least one of the dichotic listening tests post-treatment. All of the participants demonstrated some improvement in auditory processing/comprehension of complex commands. Conclusions: Dichotic listening training has the potential to positively influence dichotic listening and auditory comprehension skills in adults with neurological injury.
The effects of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the rat model of refractory epilepsy and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effects of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on electroencephalogram (EEG) and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in hippocampus of rats with refractory epilepsy (RE), and to explore the possible mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of rTMS on RE. Methods Fifty-four adult male Wistar rats were equally randomized into RE rTMS (rTMS), RE sham-rTMS (srTMS) and normal saline control (NS) groups. RE model was induced by injecting of kainic acid (KA) into the CA3 area of left hippocampus with a stereotaxic apparatus, while NS group was injected by NS. The rats in rTMS group were treated for 10 d (stimulation was given in 5 d and discontinued for 2 d, the whole course was 2 weeks). The expression of BDNF and NPY in hippocampus of rats at 3 weeks after operation were collected for EEG signal analysis before and after rTMS treatment, and compared the spike numbers by using the software running on Matlab 7.0 in different groups. The expression of BDNF and NPY in hippocampus of rats were detected by immunohistochemical technique before and 3 weeks after rTMS treatment. Results After rTMS, the amount of EEG sharp waves was reduced significantly (before rTMS, amount of EEG sharp waves, T3: 16.16 ± 1.17, T4: 14.94 ± 0.98; after rTMS, amount of EEG sharp waves, T3: 9.09 ± 0.67, T4: 8.93 ± 0.91; P = 0.000, for all), and the expression of BDNF, tyrosine protein kinase B (TrkB) and NPY in hippocampus of the rats with RE reduced significantly after low frequency rTMS (before rTMS, BDNF IOD: 49 571.40 ± 2344.02, TrkB IOD: 2946.77 ± 1142.79, NPY IOD: 33 823.05 ± 843.45; after rTMS, BDNF IOD: 29 602.07±1932.82, TrkB IOD: 18 104.34 ± 934.58, NPY IOD: 15 037.14 ± 772.95; P = 0.000, for all). Number of active cell decreased significantly (P = 0.000). Conclusion rTMS can reduce epileptiform discharge and down regulate the expression of BDNF, TrkB and NPY, and thus provides antiepilepsy effect.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.04.012
Paraconsistent Reasoning via Quantified Boolean Formulas,I: Axiomatising Signed Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Signed systems were introduced as a general, syntax-independent framework for paraconsistent reasoning, that is, non-trivialised reasoning from inconsistent information. In this paper, we show how the family of corresponding paraconsistent consequence relations can be axiomatised by means of quantified Boolean formulas. This approach has several benefits. First, it furnishes an axiomatic specification of paraconsistent reasoning within the framework of signed systems. Second, this axiomatisation allows us to identify upper bounds for the complexity of the different signed consequence relations. We strengthen these upper bounds by providing strict complexity results for the considered reasoning tasks. Finally, we obtain an implementation of different forms of paraconsistent reasoning by appeal to the existing system QUIP.
Implementasi Electronic Customer Relationship Management menggunakan Metode Framework of Dynamic berbasis Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to build soft devices for electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) with the Framework of Dynamic method which will facilitate customer relationship management that can help relationships between stores and customers so that customers can enjoy and feel comfortable with the store services that can eventually be formed. In implementing this software, the author uses the system development lifecycle (SDLC) method then produces a web-based e-CRM prototype with PHP programming languages and MySQL DBMS. This e-CRM prototype has been tested in terms of verification, validation, and prototype testing. To design this system Use Cases, ERD, LRS, Class Diagrams, and Sequence Diagrams are used. From the test results, it can be seen that the e-CRM prototype has been successful and is in accordance with the planning objectives. The result of this Marketplace Design is as a forum to make it easier for shop owners in the field of Building Materials and the like to market the products they have here.Keywords:e-CRM, Framework of Dynamic CRM, Customer, System Development Life Cycle.
A Joint Optimization Model for Energy and Reserve Capacity Scheduling With the Integration of Variable Energy Resources

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a two-stage approach is proposed on a joint dispatch of thermal power generation and variable resources including a storage system. Although, the dispatch of alternate energy along with conventional resources has become increasingly important in the new utility environment. However, recent studies based on the uncertainty and worst-case scenario-oriented robust optimization methodology reveal the perplexities associated with renewable energy sources (RES). First, the load demand is predicted through a convolutional neural network (CNN) by taking the ISO-NECA hourly real-time data. Then, the joint dispatch of energy and spinning reserve capacity is performed with the integration of RES and battery storage system (BSS) to satisfy the predicted load demand. In addition, the generation system is penalized with a cost factor against load not served for the amount of energy demand which is not fulfilled due to generation constraints. Meanwhile, due to ramping of thermal units, the available surplus power will be stored in the backup energy storage system considering the state of charge of the storage system. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE-standard 6-Bus system and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the cost minimization objective function. Finally, the proposed system performance has been verified along with the reliability during two worst-case scenarios, i.e., sudden drop in power demand and a short-fall at the generation end.
β-Glucuronidase Activities in Different strains of non-Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Their Effects on the Amount of Bezoar produced and its Bilirubin Contents.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Four strains of non-pathogenic E. colt, with different serotypes, coding ECO1,ECO2, ECO3, and ECO4, were inoculated into bovine gall bladders to cultivate bezoars. A fewof biles from gall bladders were sampled prior to and post inoculation for the determinations of β-glucuronidase activities and the amount of bezoar produced in the gall bladders and its bilirubin contents were determined a year later. The results showed that the levels of β-glucuronidase inthe bile and bilirubin in the bezoar inoculated with ECO1 or ECO2 were significantly higher than those with ECO3 and ECO4 (PO.01); however, the amount of bezoar arised from ECO1 and ECO2 were obviously lower than those from ECO3 and ECO4. The 9-glucuronidase activities in the bile and bilirubin content in the bezoar inoeulated with ECO4 were significantly higher than those with ECO3 (P0.01 ), but the amounts of bezoars arised from these two strains were basically similar (P0. 05). As a conclution, ECO4 was considered as the best strain of E. Colt for the cultivation of artificial bezoar in this experiment.
Trauma deaths magnitude in a state of Mexico: active versus passive injury surveillance system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Recent estimations of the magnitude of deaths by traffic accidents in Mexico, question the reliability of the official data of the Informatics, Geography and Statistics National Institute, about trauma deaths (Passive Surveillance System). Objective To determine the magnitude of trauma deaths in a state of Mexico, through an active epidemiological surveillance system, and compare it with the one officially reported. Material and methods In 2007, we registered the deaths by injuries in the state of Sinaloa (2.64 millions of people, US$5400 GDP per capita), using five sources of information: death certificates, press reports, hospital records, traffic police reports and the brief of the Department of Justice. Each case was compared to avoid duplicity and verified for at least two sources. We got the totals, and by external cause according to the ICD-10, and we compared them with the official information. Results We got, through the active surveillance, 1985 trauma deaths, versus 1826 from the official data. Important differences were found in the following: accidents 1173 versus 1327, traffic accidents 767 versus 546, falls 137 versus 21, accidents by firearm 10 versus 180 and homicides 706 versus 402. Conclusions The magnitude of trauma deaths determined by an active injury surveillance system is 9% higher than the one reported by the passive system (official information). The difference between the magnitudes according to external cause are even more accentuated. We recommend the active injury surveillance system to determine the real magnitude of the problem in Mexico.
Identity and toxicity of Fusarium species isolated from wilted chickpea.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four cultures of fungi, identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, were received from the International
Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India. The cultures were race 1, a race designated
as V2, race 2, and an isolate from Jabalpur which, on geographical evidence, was probably race 4, the races
being defined on the basis of the reaction to them of a set of differential cultivars of the host. A further isolate, also
identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, but of unknown race was received from the Thal region of Pakistan.
Culture filtrates of all the isolates, grown on a defined medium, were toxic to cells of chickpea leaflets, separated
enzymatically from the plant, but filtrates of the Thal isolate were the most toxic. Isolate toxicity was affected by
incubation temperature and time, the maximum toxicity for the Thal isolate being 72 units activity ml-1 cultural
filtrate when it was grown at 20oC for 12 days but only 7 units activity ml-1 when grown at 30oC for the same period.
When ribosomal DNA sequences of the four ICRISAT isolates were compared, those of race 1 and V2 were identical
for all 392 bps, suggesting that V2 is a variant of race 1. The Jabalpur isolate was a 99% (390/392 bps) match with
race 1 and V2 and race 2 was a 97% (391/400 bps) match with race 1 and V2. Although the Thal isolate gave a 99%
match with the race 1 and V2 for the first 262 bps (one gap) and a 89% match (59/66 bps) for bps 338–403, there was
considerable divergence in the region from 263 to 337 bps. Similar results were obtained when the Thal isolate was
matched with race 2 and 4. The four ICRISAT isolates were confirmed as Fusarium oxysporum but various formae
speciales in the GenBank database such as vasinfectum and vanillae were equally well matched. No sequence for F.
oxysporum f. sp. ciceris was present in the GenBank database. In contrast, the Thal isolate gave an almost exact
match with Fusarium acutatum (407/408 bps) and the morphology of the Thal isolate, when viewed under the microscope,
accorded well with the description of F. acutatum given in the literature.
Safety assessment to urban gas transmission and distribution system based on fuzzy fault tree

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,the urban gas transmission and distribution system is classified into three parts: tank factory,pipelines and client.Based on trouble analyzing of various parts of urban gas transmission and distribution system,a fuzzy fault tree of urban gas transmission and distribution system is built.To solve the problem of uncertain failure rate of root and mid events,fuzzy theory is introduced into the fault tree analysis,and fuzzy fault tree based safety assessment method is given for urban gas transmission and distribution system.The failure rate of root events is described as fuzzy number.Practical results show that this method is effective to assess the system.
Determination of carbendazim and its main metabolites residues in tomatoes by UPLC-MS/MS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An UPLC-MS/MS method was established for the determination of carbendazim and its main metabolites(2-aminobenzimidazole and benzimidazole)residues in tomatoes.The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization.The samples were extracted by acetonitrile under ultrasonic and the extract was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.It showed that the recoveries ranged from 70.5% to 104.9% at spiked levels of 0.05 to 5 mg/kg,while the relative standard deviation was 2.6% to 9.5%.The limit of the detection was 0.16 to 4.73 μg/kg,and the limit of quantification was 0.29 to 4.99 μg/kg.
Collatz conjecture(3X+1)There is a hidden theorem ω1: If α Establishment, necessity (3α+ 1) Established

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract From a number theory “Collatz conjecture (3X+1) ”, Human beings use a large amount of computer data, so far no counterexample has been found. Does mathematical logic support " Collatz conjecture (3X+1) ? Collatz conjecture (3X+1) There is a hidden theorem ω 1 : If x holds, it must be (3X+1). In reality, human beings will only (3X+1) deduce that x holds.Example: an integer a, and a = 3b +1, b ∈ N . If b→3x +1 holds. There must be: a→3x +1 is established.In this way, there is no need to deduce (3b + 1).
Elimination of fixed pattern noise in super-8 format CCD image sensor by the use of epitaxial wafers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A new fabrication process is proposed for eliminating the fixed pattern noise in a CCD image sensor with a vertical overflow drain structure, which is sensitive to the non-uniformity of the crystal. In this method, the internally gettered epitaxial wafer is used as the starting material for fabrication of the CCD image sensor. Use of the epitaxial layer, which is free from the resistivity striation as in the CZ bulk crystals, is found to eliminate the concentric circle image pattern. It is also shown that internal gettering for epitaxial wafers remarkably suppresses the generation of thermally induced white blemishes, as a result of fixing oxygen atoms as precipitates inside the substrate. Based on this technique we have fabricated "Super-8" format CCD image sensors. By comparing the reproduced images with those of the conventional CZ-wafer CCD, the present method is shown to be extremely powerful for obtaining the noiseless CCD image sensors.
Effects of age, sex, and menopausal status on blood cholesterol profile in the korean population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate age-specific and sex-specific distributions of blood cholesterol in the general Korean population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed data for 8284 men and 9246 women aged ≥10 years who participated in the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles were calculated for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. RESULTS Median total cholesterol (TC) level increased with age across all age groups, from 147 to 196 mg/dL in males and from 159 to 210 mg/dL in females. Triglyceride (TG) levels increased with age in females; however, in males, TG levels rapidly increased during young adulthood, peaked at 50-54 years, and then decreased. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were higher in females than in males and decreased with increasing age in both males and females. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increased with age across all age groups, from 89 to 127 mg/dL in males and from 82 to 113 mg/dL in females. Lipoprotein-cholesterol fraction (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, non-HDL-C) levels increased with age in females, but increased more rapidly in males during young adulthood and decreased after middle age. CONCLUSION Blood cholesterol levels and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions present different distributions by age, sex, and menopausal status.
Pathogenic fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 signaling adversely affects diverse cellular processes during embryonic and post-natal development of the mouse cerebral cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) -1, -2, -3 cause craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, in Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Muenke, and Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndromes. These conditions are also characterized by other skeletal anomalies and variable effects on brain development and function. The variability of central nervous system defects and the occurrence of severe cognitive impairment despite early surgical intervention, particularly in Apert syndrome, led us to hypothesize that the activating FGFR mutations have a direct, adverse effect on brain development. In this study we looked for aberrations in diverse cellular processes affected by Fgf signaling in the developing telencephalon of an Fgfr2+/S252W Apert mouse model to uncover the mechanisms by which these defects occur. We present evidence that in the Apert mouse model, the radial glial cells to intermediate progenitor transition is depressed during mid-to-late neurogenesis. We also observed a significant increase in apoptosis in the anterior forebrain in Apert newborns. Lastly, an increase in the migration of astrocytes to the dorsolateral cortex by post-natal day five was observed. These results suggest that important physiological roles of Fgfr2 signaling in the development of the cerebral cortex are adversely affected by syndromic activating mutations of Fgfr2, which may lead to gross brain abnormalities.
Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma: A rare entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is an uncommon malignant salivary gland tumor accounting for about 1% of all intra-oral salivary gland tumors. Microscopic diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma may be challenging because of the spectrum of features which frequently overlaps with the other salivary gland tumors that contain clear cells, and thus it may be a diagnosis of exclusion. Here we, report a case of HCCC in a 36 years old female with detailed histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical discussion.
Linking Up and Reaching Out in \n Bangladesh : Information and Communications Technology for Microfinance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This book presents a new paradigm for \n introducing technology in the microfinance industry of \n Bangladesh that could help ameliorate current constraints. \n Under the new paradigm, a centralized Information and \n communication technology (ICT) platform will be established \n to serve the microfinance industry of Bangladesh and \n technology will be deployed more rapidly to Microfinance \n Institutions (MFIs) in all parts of the microfinance value \n chain, from the head office to branch offices, loan \n officers, and clients. Unlike in the traditional paradigm, \n the technology needs of all MFIs will be pooled together in \n one central office. The central office will offer technology \n tools, services, and know-how to MFIs throughout the \n country. Several benefits will be achieved under this new \n paradigm: i) because all technology needs will be pooled in \n one place, the central office will be able to exploit \n economies of scale and offer technology services to MFIs at \n a lower cost; and ii) because their technology needs will be \n outsourced, MFI staff will no longer need to devote as much \n time and effort to learning new technologies. The central \n office will provide all technology-related training and support.