jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the role of Quaking in dendritic cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential players in the anti-tumor immunity, which are often found dysfunctional in tumor microenvironment. Impairing DC antigen processing and presentation, which subverts T cell priming, is one of the primary mechanisms by which tumor cells escape the immune surveillance. However, the cellular factors regulating antigen processing and presentation by DCs and how tumor cells render DCs’ T cell priming capacity are not fully understood. We revealed a potential regulatory role of an RNA-binding protein, Quaking (QKI), in antigen processing and presentation by DCs. Consistent with our previous studies in neural stem cells and microglia, we found QKI could regulate the phagocytosis by promoting the formation of phagosome and endosomes in DCs. QKI-deficient DCs showed reduced CD8+ T cell priming capacity in vitro. Furthermore, knocking out QKI in DCs accelerated the tumor growth in vivo. Together, these suggest the pivotal role of QKI in DC function and further enhance our understanding of how antigen processing and presentation is regulated in DCs. In addition, QKI is often found to be downregulated in tumor-infiltrating DCs, as compared to the DCs in normal tissues. How tumor cells impair DC function by suppressing QKI expression is currently under investigation. This will reveal a new mechanism by which tumor cells modulate anti-tumor immunity and can provide new strategies to target DCs for improving cancer immunotherapy.
Group Differences in Adolescents’ Reluctance to Express Emotions: Relations to Parent Emotion Socialization and Adolescent Internalizing Symptomatology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emotional development in adolescence, including the processes of emotion regulation and emotional expressiveness, is linked to a wide range of behavioral and psychological outcomes (Saarni, 1999; Thompson, 1994). Parental emotion socialization responses (supportive and unsupportive) is one mechanism that influences adolescent emotional functioning with implications for psychological adaptation (Garside & Klimes-Dougan, 2002). The present investigation explored the construct of reluctance to express emotion in adolescence, an area that has received relatively little attention but may be related to internalizing symptomatology. Participants were 160 parent-adolescent dyads (74.4% mothers; 58.8% girls,= 12.5 years, 78.1% Caucasian) who were mostly upper middle class. Groups of adolescents with high and typical levels of reluctance to express negative emotions were identified using latent class analysis. Analyses examined Group X Gender effects with types of emotion socialization responses and internalizing psychopathology symptoms as the dependent variables. Parents reported more validating responses for adolescents who had more typical emotional reluctance than adolescents who were highly reluctant to express negative emotions. With respect to specific emotion types, parents reported more magnification of anger in the typical reluctance group than the high reluctance group. Additionally, parents reported more magnification of sadness for daughters than for sons. Adolescents in the high reluctance to express emotions group reported greater levels of depression and loneliness symptoms than the typical emotional reluctance group. These results suggest important relations among adolescent emotional expressiveness, parental emotion socialization practices, adolescent gender, and psychopathology symptoms. Clinical implications of these findings for adolescent psychological interventions and future research directions are discussed.
Diabetes Education: Supporting The Pre-Adolescent Child

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A diagnosis of Type I diabetes impacts every aspect of life for the pre-adolescent child. ln order to successfully manage Type J diabetes, the child must learn the complex regimen of its ca re. The responsibility for diabetes se lf-ca re begins to transfer to the child at pre-adolescence. Controlling diabetes is difficult for the pre-adolescent, however, clue to the lack of understanding the complex concepts of this disease and the unique developmental tasks associated with this age group. Diabetes educat ion must support the cogniti ve level and developmental needs of the pre-adolescent. Literature emphasizes the need for age appropriate diabetes education, yet research is lacking in \\.Vhat constitutes age appropriate knowledge for diabetes care as well as what specific educational approach is most effective fo r the pre-adolescent age group. Pre-adolescents may benefit from learn ing about diabetes at school. In an independent project conducted by a school nurse, the Diabetes Quiz for Pre-Teens, a diabetes educational tool was developed, proposing to be developmentally appropriate for the pre-adolescent with Type J diabetes. Two pre-adolescents with Type I diabetes, utilized as having expertise, assisted with developing the content of the questions and answers for the quiz, revealing their knowledge of diabetes care. The diabetes knowledge presented in the content of the questions was found to be lower than \\;,,,hat was anticipated, reinforcing that this age group lacks the knowledge and understanding to self-manage their diabetes. Experienced school nurses evaluating the quiz indicated that the quiz appears to be a method for developmentally appropriate diabetes education, may impact pre-adolescents learning about diabetes at school, and most intended to util ize the quiz for their educational efforts in diabetes education at school
Performance Study of Prediction Intervals with Random Forest for Poverty Data Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction/Main Objectives: Determine the prediction interval with for analyzing poverty data at the Regency/City level in Indonesia. Background Problems: Poverty will be a topic in various discussion and debates in the future. Novelty: This study’s methods for constructed prediction intervals are LM, Quant, SPI, HDR, and CHDR. This method can improve the prediction interval performance with Random Forests. Research Methods: The method for building forests and obtaining BOP in this study is CART with the LS splitting rule. Finding/Results: The results of this study are that the best method for one replication is HDR with 500 trees. The best method for 100 repetitions is LM. Based on hypothesis testing, there is sufficient evidence to say no difference between the LM, SPI, Quant, HDR, and CHDR methods for 100 replications at a 5% significance level.
The Volkswagen Safety Steering Columns for Forward Control Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the application of safety steering columns to forward control vans. The steeper mounting angle of the steering column in vans requires a collapse function to be affected by radial forces as compared to design requirements encountered in most passenger vehicles during frontal impact situations. Although forward controlled vans are exempted from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 203 and 204, it is evident that so-called safety steering columns can and do function in forward control vehicles.</div>
DESIGN OF A NOVEL SMA{ACTUATED ANTHROPOMORPHIC GRIPPER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An active robot flnger 10 mm in outer diameter with a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuator embedded to the flnger with a constant distance from the geometric center of the flnger was designed and fabricated. The active flnger consists of two bending parts, SMA actuators, and a connecting part. The practical speciflcations of the SMA wire and the ∞exible rod were determined based on a series of formulae. The mechanical properties of the bending part are also investigated. Finally, we design a robot hand using three flngers, and the grasping experiment was carried out to prove the hand works well. K e y w o r d s: SMA; SMA actuator; ∞exible rod; robot hand; grasping
Exploring the experiences of mothers of children with developmental disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study explores the experiences of mothers who have children with developmental disabilities. I sought to understand both the positive aspects of mothering a child with a disability, as well as understand the potential negative aspects of mothering a child with a developmental disability. I also explored how the mothers reflected on this experience of mothering a child with a disability. Furthermore, I sought information on what services and/or supports these mothers found helpful, and why. Six mothers were interviewed for this study. From these interviews, six themes were identified: 1. positive experiences and emotions; 2. mothering a child with a developmental disability as difficult, stressful, and overwhelming work; 3). mothers’ fears for their children; 4). mothers’ sense of loss; 5). mothers’ relationships with their non-disabled children; and 6). mothers’ perceptions of the helpfulness of formal and informal supports.
Insufficient developmental excitatory neuronal activity fails to foster establishment of normal levels of inhibitory neuronal activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The nervous system is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. One major class of inhibitory neurons release the neurotransmitter γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABAergic inhibitory activity maintains the balance that is disrupted in conditions such as epilepsy. At least some GABAergic neurons are initially excitatory and undergo a developmental conversion to convert to inhibitory neurons. The mechanism(s) behind this conversion are thought to include a critical developmental increase in excitatory activity. To test this hypothesis, we subjected ex vivo developing neuronal networks on multi‐electrode arrays to various stimulation and pharmacological regimens. Synaptic activity of networks initially consists of epileptiform‐like high‐amplitude individual “spikes”, which convert to organized bursts of activity over the course of approximately 1 month. Stimulation of networks with a digitized synaptic signal for 5 days hastened the decrease of epileptiform activity. By contrast, stimulation for a single day delayed the appearance of bursts and instead increased epileptiform signaling. GABA treatment reduced total signals in unstimulated networks and networks stimulated for 5 days, but instead increased signaling in networks stimulated for 1 day. This increase was prevented by co‐treatment with (2 R )‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoate and 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione, confirming that GABA invoked excitatory activity in networks stimulated for 1 day. Glutamate increased signals in networks subjected to all stimulation regimens; the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline prevented this increase only in networks stimulated for 1 day. These latter findings are consistent with the induction of so‐called “mixed” synapses (which release a combination of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters) in networks stimulated for 1 day, and support the hypothesis that a critical level of excitatory activity fosters the developmental transition of GABAergic neurons from excitatory to inhibitory.
Brand Equity: Definition, Valuation, and Equilibrium Efficiency in a Duopolistic Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We propose a refined definition of the financial brand equity and examine its formation, evolution, and valuation in a continuous-time model with uncertainty. The brand name of a product is considered a real option which, if exercised, allows the firm to gradually establish its loyal customer base via advertising expenditure. The recently developed techniques in real option pricing are applied to obtain the optimal timing of branding and to derive closed form formulae for the brand equity and the corresponding optimal pricing and advertising policies for a monopolistic firm. We then consider a duopolistic industry where two firms compete in branding, pricing, and advertising expenditures. We show that some results obtained in themonopoly case do not extend to the duopolistic equilibrium. In the latter equilibrium, there may be too many or too few branded products, and either over-or under-spending on advertising may occur.
Organizational Factors Associated with Health Worker Protection: A Participatory Mixed-Method Cross-Sectional Analysis in Four Provinces of South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Health workers, in short supply in many low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during their employment. This study aimed to assess how South Africa, an LMIC, prepared to protect its health workers from SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This was a participatory mixed method study conducted in four provinces of South Africa. We used a semi-structured questionnaire and a walkthrough survey to collect data on occupational safety and health (OSH) systems in 45 hospitals across four provinces to identify factors associated with health worker protection. Adapting the International Labour Organization (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO) HealthWISE tool, we compiled compliance scores through walkthrough surveys. For the questionnaire, the participants were provincial OSH managers. For the walkthrough survey, they were frontline health workers, facility managers, and OSH and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) professionals. We used logistic regression to analyze the relationship between readiness indicators and the actual implementation of protective measures. We also evaluated the association between OSH compliance and hospital infection rates. Results: We found that health facilities in all four provinces had SARS-CoV-2 plans for the general population but no comprehensive OHS plan for health workers. Province A and D Provincial Department of Health (PDoH) had an OSH SARS-CoV-2 provincial coordinating team and a dedicated budget for occupational health. Province A had an occupational health doctor and an occupational health nurse, while Province B had an occupational health nurse. Province A and D PDoHs had functional OSH committees, and Province D had conducted some health risk assessments specific to SARS-CoV-2. However, none of the assessed health facilities had an acceptable HealthWISE compliance score (≥ 75%) due to poor ventilation and inadequate administrative control measures. While the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) was adequate, PPE was often not worn properly. Our study found that having an OSH SARS-CoV-2 policy was significantly associated with higher PPE and ventilation scores. In addition, our analysis showed that hospitals with higher compliance scores had significantly lower infection rates (IRR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.98). Conclusions: Despite some initial preparedness, greater effort to protect health workers is still warranted. LMICs may need to pay more attention to OSH systems and consider using tools, such as ILO/WHO HealthWISE tool, to protect health workers' health.
THE STATUS OF RESPIRATION IN THE METHODS OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE COMPARED WITH THAT UNDER THE METHOD OF INTRATRACHEAL INSUFFLATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The maintenance of life of an individual with an open double pneumothorax under differential pressure depends essentially upon the normal position of the lower lobes of the lungs and their close approximation to the diaphragm, especially of the posterior parts of the lobes. A complete dislodgment of both lower lobes leads invariably to the death of the individual, which may occur in a very short time, or after fifteen to twenty-five minutes. In all cases the respiration is affected first; it slows almost at once and stops invariably before the heart. The result is the same whether the vagi are intact or both nerves are cut. Exceptionally, respiration may continue even after the separation of the lungs from the diaphragm, but only by having all the lobes well approximated to the thoracic walls. When by dislodgment of the lower lobes the respiration is stopped and the heart is feeble and slow, or stopped completely, it is rarely possible to restore life by artificial respiration or by other appropriate means. The extent of the exchange of gases occurring in normal respiration, with closed thoracic cavity, exceeds greatly the need for the maintenance of life, since normal respiration is provided with an abundance of factors of safety. Under differential pressure, however, life is carried on with an exchange of gases which amounts to a small fraction only of the extent of the exchange that takes place in normal respiration; respiration under differential pressure is, therefore, deprived of all factors of safety and is incapable of resisting the dangers of exceptional incidents. Deaths occurring in connection with the differential pressure have their cause essentially in this unguarded state of the function of respiration. Under tracheal insufflation, the function of respiration is surrounded with effective safeguards, at least as much as is normal respiration. Dislodgment of the lungs has no detrimental effect. After complete collapse of the lungs, capillary adhesions within the alveoli and the small bronchi become an additional obstacle to the redistension and respiration. Differential pressure holds this obstacle in abeyance. When the lungs become collapsed during an open pneumothorax, it should be kept in mind that the force which is required for redistension is greater than that which is sufficient to keep the lungs continually distended. At the beginning of a redistension, therefore, a higher pressure should be employed for a short time.
Videolaringoscopio Artesanal Macintosh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Desde que Macintosh en 1943 y Miller en 1941 crearon la laringoscopia directa, se han creado cientos de laringoscopios con la finalidad de mejorar y facilitar las tecnicas de intubacion traqueal. Con el surgimiento de los videolaringoscopios cambiaron las perspectivas de la anestesiologia, permitiendo una vision mas directa de la entrada de la glotis, independientemente de la linea de vision. En la actualidad existen videolaringoscopios caros, asi como sofisticados aparatos de intubacion traqueal, que no siempre pueden estar en todos los hospitales con economias de tercer mundo. Presentamos a ustedes el caso del ingenio de un medico anestesiologo que con 20 dolares pudo elaborar un videolaringoscopio artesanal de gran utilidad en la practica clinica cotidiana
Individually optimized dynamic parallel transmit pulses for 3D high-resolution SPACE imaging at 7T

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: 3D high-resolution SPACE imaging at 7T suffers from signal dropouts due to inhomogeneous B1+ fields. Goal(s): To investigate online-optimized pTx pulses for homogenous SPACE brain imaging. Approach: Non-parametrized pTx pulses were designed for inversion, and, with symmetric RF and gradient shapes, for excitation and refocusing. The pulses are then individually optimized online within a clinically acceptable computation time. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR and DIR SPACE images were acquired in five healthy subjects at 7T using both circularly polarized (CP) and dynamic pTx pulses for comparison. Results: Improved flip angle homogeneity was observed in all images acquired with individual pTx pulses as opposed to CP. Impact: Individually optimized dynamic parallel transmit pulses for 3D high-resolution SPACE imaging at 7T achieve clinically acceptable image homogeneity and acquisition time, enabling the application of widely used clinical contrasts at 7T.
Host range, genetic variability, and mating types of Lecanosticta acicola in Slovakia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years, there has been an apparent Europe-wide emerging presence of brown spot needle blight, a disease of pine species caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola. In this study, we report the first well-documented occurrences of the pathogen in Slovakia, identified molecularly using species-specific primers and based on sequencing of the ITS region and TEF1 gene. Among the material collected from 84 locations within the country, L. acicola was present in 17 samples from 13 different locations, mainly distributed in urban environments. Four pine species were identified as hosts, among which, Pinus nigra and P. mugo were found to be the most frequently infected. Analysis of the mating type genes of 24 isolates obtained from two localities revealed the presence of a single mating type in Slovakia. All analyzed ITS sequences of the Slovak isolates were found to be uniform. However, although analysis of the TEF1 gene indicated that all Slovak isolates could be grouped into a single lineage, we detected nucleotide polymorphisms suggestive of a certain degree of genetic diversification within central European populations of the fungus.
Studies on Brain Antigens

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Summary About 12 antigens were demonstrated in saline extracts of homogenized rat brain by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. A brain organ antigen was discovered which appears to be species restricted. One antigen was found to be shared by similar extracts of bovine, guinea pig, human or rabbit brains. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of the brain extracts showed this organ antigen had an α2 or β1 mobility, depending on the species from which it was derived. About nine antigens were species-specific globulins and could be partially separated from one another by diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography. All of these antigens were shared by the brain and different rat organs. However, one major antigen was shared by all the rat organs tested.
FUNNY DRUNKS ON THE ROCKS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

California's cluster of anti-DUI (driving under the influence) legislation in 1989 is noted. The combinatiion of the laws, aggressive enforcement and energetic public awareness campaigning has resulted in a high level of recognition of DUI as a serious problem. Other anti-DUI activities are also noted. Of the anti-DUI laws, the one with the greatest potential for diminishing the incidence of drunk driving is the one establishing the 0.8 threshold for drunk driving. A campaign to educate California's 20 million drivers concerning the impairment potential of low-level alcohol consumtion is also noted.
‘A music of grief’: classical music and the First World War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article ‘A music of grief’: classical music and the First World War Get access KATE KENNEDY KATE KENNEDY 1Research Fellow in English and Music at Girton College, Cambridge, and lectures in both the English and Music Faculties Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 90, Issue 2, March 2014, Pages 379–395, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12115 Published: 14 March 2014
Catching Inconsistencies with the Semantic Web: A Biocuration Case Study.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background The UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database is manually curated by a team of experienced biocurators with the aim to provide to the scientific community high-quality information on proteins. Ensuring a high-quality curation standard depends in part on effective tools that help curators to avoid trivial mistakes during data curation. Description We describe here a system that is using SPARQL queries encoded in SPIN to identify UniProtKB database records that do not comply with manual curation rules. The system must generate specific and accurate warnings for curators by correctly defining known exceptions to general rules. Conclusions Semantic web technologies such as SPARQL queries are a good way to encode quality control rules for manual curation efforts in the life sciences because they are simple and cheap to maintain. This is an important factor in the face of continuously growing and evolving knowledge about biology. The results of SPARQL queries can be presented in a user-friendly way to help curators with data correction.