jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation and Desalination through Gourd‐Flesh Templated Polypyrrole Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Solar steam generation (SSG) is regarded as a promising technique due to its potential in seawater desalination. Photothermal conversion materials derived from biomass are good evaporators for SSG because of their sustainability and high efficiency. Herein, 3D‐cylindrical‐structured composite materials based on gourd flesh and polypyrrole (GPPY) are designed and used for high efficient SSG. The polypyrrole layer is deposited on the gourd flesh to provide broad optical absorption ability and high photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, gourd flesh with porous structure can act as thermal insulators, confine the generated heat within the evaporative surface, and facilitate the efficient transport of water to the photothermally active area. Based on these characteristics of the composite, the evaporator made of GPPY can achieve a high evaporation rate of (1.63 kg m −2 h −1 ), and a superior photothermal conversion efficiency 95.8% under 1 solar irradiation (1 kW m −2 ). The GPPY can be expected to be a practical photothermal conversion material for commercial SSG based on its high efficiency and sustainability.
MICROPROPAGATION OF PHALAENOPSIS SPP. BY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS TECHNIQUE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phalaenopsis spp. was regularly produced through micropropagation by protocorm like bodies (PLBs); micropropagation takes a lot of labor, and has high cost of seedlings, energy and material. The purpose of this paper was to study the new technique of using in vitro embryogenesis culturing for microprogation. The method involved using protocorm like bodies as planting materials. PLBs were cut into slices and placed on the medium for callus initiation. The callus was initiated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l) or 2,4D (1 mg/l) and was proliferated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l). Somatic cell suspensions were initiated and proliferated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (0.5, 1 mg/l). Somatic cell suspensions were differentiated to embryonic cell suspensions on the MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) + BA (0.5 mg/l). Embryonic cell suspensions were plated and regenerated on the medium: 1/2MS supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) + BA (0.5 mg/l). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis sp. via the embryogenesis technique was set up to produce 5,800 plantlets per one liter of somatic embryogenesis suspension.
2D Early Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) for Catalysis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract MXenes, a bourgeoning class of 2D transition metal carbides, are of considerable interest in catalysis due to their rich surface chemistry, tunable electronic structures, and thermal stability. Here, recent conceptual advances in applying MXenes and their nanocomposites in (photo)electrocatalysis and conventional heterogeneous catalysis are highlighted. In addition, the nature of active sites in the MXene‐based catalysts are discussed and the significance and challenges in the future development of catalysts using MXenes as the platforms are summarized.
Revealing integrated thinking through integrated reporting: an exploratory study within an Australian context

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Whilst integrated thinking is a core concept within the integrated reporting framework issued by the IIRC, it remains unclear how stakeholders and practitioners understand this concept in either theory or practice. This paper aims to explore: (1) how stakeholders and companies interpret integrated thinking; (2) how integrated thinking is being applied within pilot organisations, and (3) changes that have been made - or should be made - to facilitate integrated thinking within organisations.
[Glomus tumor as a cause of coccygodynia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Painful glomus tumors near the coccyx have not yet been described before. Three patients with coccygodynia were treated by excision of the glomus coccygeum. All of them were free of pain afterwards. Two glomus tumors were found. The tumors of the glomus coccygeum are compared with the well-known glomus tumors "Masson".
Does Blastocyst Morphology Influence Live Birth Rate after Frozen-thawed Single Euploid Blastocyst Transfer?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To determine whether the morphologic parameters of euploid blastocyst influence the live birth rate (LBR) following single frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles? Methods A retrospective cohort analysis involving autologous single FET cycles after next generation sequencing (NGS) based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) by a large in vitro fertilization (IVF) center that was performed from June 2017 to September 2019.Women were divided into three age groups (< 30, 30–34 and ≥ 35 years old). The primary outcome measure was LBR. Outcomes were compared between different blastocyst quality (Good, Average and Poor), inner cell mass (ICM) grade (A and B), and trophectoderm (TE) grade (A, B and C). Results A total of 232 FET cycles were included, the live birth rate was 48.28%. In the youngest group (< 30 years old, n = 86), LBR were compared between cycles with various blastocyst quality (72.22% for good quality, 54.55% for average quality and 34.78% for poor quality; P = 0.019), ICM grade (70.59% for grade A and 42.03% for grade B; P = 0.035) and TE grade (85.71% for grade A,57.58% for grade B and 34.78 for grade C; P = 0.015). Nevertheless, either in the 30–34 years group (n = 99) or in the oldest group (≥ 35years, n = 47), LBR were also comparable between these subgroups, no significant difference was showed in blastocyst morphologic parameters and LBR ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, in the similarly graded euploid blastocysts, there was also no statistical significance in LBR among different age subgroups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions In women ≥ 30 years old, euploid blastocyst quality was not associated with the LBR in FET cycles, highlights the development competence of poor-quality euploid blastocysts.
Discovery of M5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonists: 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenylpiperidine Analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons project to nucleus accumbens (NAc) and are believed to mediate the rewarding effects of abused drugs. Stimulation of M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) activates VTA DA neurons (Omelchenko N et al., 2006). M5 knockout mice exhibit reduced cocaine and morphine self-administration (Fink-Jensen et al., 2003; Basile et al., 2002). Microinfusion of scopolamine (M1-M5 mAChRs antagonist) into VTA attenuates cocaine self-administration (Solecki et al., 2013). Thus, M5 mAChR antagonists may be novel treatments for drug abuse. We evaluated a series of 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine containing analogs as antagonists at M5 mAChRs. Affinity for 12 analogs at the [3H]N-methylscopolamine binding site was determined using Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes expressing human M1, M3 or M5 mAChRs. XZ-11341a exhibited the highest affinity at M1, M3 and M5 mAChRs (Ki = 0.67 ± 0.08, 0.37 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.011 µM, respectively). Generally, replacing the ester in with an amide reduced affinity at all subtypes. For example, XZ-11343b (amide) had no affinity compared with XZ-11343a (ester, moderate affinity) at M3 mAChRs. Replacing the carbamate moiety with a carbamide also attenuated affinity at all subtypes. Current insights regarding the SAR will direct future synthetic approaches towards identifying potent selective M5 mAChR antagonists (Supported by DA030667).
Whisker Test of Lead-Free Semiconductor Packages in Lead-Free Soldering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We evaluated the semiconductor mounting substrate and investigated the whisker's generations and factors by experimenting different environmental conditions. On the lead consisted of Cu base/Sn plating, the result of the condition 110°C/85% & 120°C/85% which were produced by Air-HAST (HAST with air) generates Sn whiskers faster than other high temperature and humidity tests. We concluded that the factors in the whisker generation are high temperatures, high moisture and oxygen.
Purification to apparent homogeneity of murine interleukin 1.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Interleukin 1 was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture fluid of P388D1 cell line macrophages by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, phenyl Sepharose and Ultrogel AcA54 chromatographies, and preparative isoelectrofocusing. The interleukin 1 was purified more than 300-fold to a specific activity of approximately 1 X 10(6) U/mg protein. The purified interleukin 1 exhibited microheterogeneity. Three charge species, which we have termed alpha, beta, gamma, were resolved by Tris-glycinate discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The partial amino acid content of the alpha species of interleukin 1 was determined. On the basis of the purification data, it appears that interleukin 1 is biologically active within the 10(-11) to 10(-10) M concentration range. The success of the purification was due in part to the use of a superinduction protocol that resulted in the production of interleukin 1 at a rate of approximately 1 microgram/24 hr/4 X 10(6) P388D1 cells.
Can a Blue Revolution Save Southern California’s Ocean Economy?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

California has the largest ocean economy of any state in the U.S. The bulk of it is focused along the coast in the Southern California Bight, the region from Point Conception in the north to the U.S.-Mexico border in the south. The three largest components of California's private sector ocean economy in deceasing order of economic importance are: coastal tourism related primarily to the region's beaches; shipping and movement of goods; and recovery of offshore minerals, primarily oil and gas. Together they constitute 95% of the State's private sector ocean economy. Well before the end of the century, one of these sectors will be gone entirely; one will be significantly reduced, and only one will remain strong. The production of offshore oil and gas will be over in the next 15–20 years leaving the 27 offshore oil platforms (23 in Federal waters and 4 in State Waters) with an uncertain future. Well before the end of the century with sea level rise and coastal erosion, most of the region's beaches will be severely compressed or lost entirely with a huge impact on coastal tourism (California's 4 th Climate Assessment Report: Los Angeles Summary Report, 2018). In 2012, Coastal Travel and Tourism accounted for 39% of the State's ocean economy GDP (${\$}$17.6 billion) and 75% of the ocean economy's employment (368,000) and 46 % of the ocean economy's wages (${\$}$8.7 billion) (NOAA NOEP 2015). Only shipping and transportation will remain strong, but not without important changes to keep pace with changing societal priorities. Ships will need to be quieter, more fuel efficient and cleaner in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. All these advances will require technological breakthroughs, many of which can be developed by leveraging California's technology and innovation networks.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Gizi Balita, Pola Pemberian Makan dan Status Gizi Balita di Puskesmas Pademawu Pamekasan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The nutritional status of toddlers is one of the problems that are often faced by countries in the world, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the nutritional problems that are widely encountered in the community such as malnutrition and malnutrition is one of the reasons for the high infant and child mortality rate. The World Health Organization (WHO) noted that there are around 4.5 million children under five, with more than 760,000 of them experiencing malnutrition in Indonesia. The population in this study is all mothers at the Pademawu Health Center who have children under five. There are 200 mothers who have toddlers. a small population of 22 mothers who have children under five at the Pademawu Health Center, Pamekasan Regency. This research was carried out in January-February 2024. The results of the study showed that most of the children under five at the Pademawu Health Center, Pamekasan Regency had good nutritional status (90.9%). The good knowledge about feeding patterns in toddlers (59.09%). The results of the analysis of the research data showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge about feeding patterns and the nutritional status of toddlers in the Pademawu Health Center Area, Pamekasan Regency in 2024 (p value: 0.004).
NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANCE COULD REGULATE LEPTIN LEVELS DURING A 4-HOUR TREADMILL TEST

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been shown that serum Leptin concentrations (Lep) are directly correlated with energy balance. It has also been shown that exercise induces an increase in body energy expenditure (EE). In previous studies, we found that prolonged exercise, differing in intensity and duration, induce a decrease in Lep levels. Thus, we hypothesize a decrease in Lep levels is related to varying EE. PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between levels of Lep and metabolic responses during prolonged, strenuous exercise. METHODS Seven male athletes (age 27 ± 4.2 y, mean ±SD) performed a four-hour treadmill exercise, with speed and gradient were modified to maintain Lactate (Lac) levels between 1.5–2.0 mM/L and with a steady Energy Expenditure of 60% of VO2 max. A 10-minute sample of Expiratory gas exchanges and blood samples for Lac, Lep, Blood Glucose (BG), Insulin (I), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), and Glicerol (GL) were collected at the beginning of exercise; and each hour during exercise. Results are expressed as mean ±SE. RESULTS Hourly EE ranged between 823 ± 26 and 879 ± 34, and average four hours EE was 3364 ± 96 kcal. BG didn't significantly change, while I decreased from 20.0 ± 5.3 to 4.71 ± 0.3 mU/mL, (p < .05). However, GL and FFA progressively increased during the test, (from 118.4 ± 16.8 to 501.7 ± 68.7 mg/L, p < .001, and from 166.4 ± 20.1 to 1465.4 ± 185.3 mM/L, p < .0005, respectively). Lep remained unchanged until 180 min and than showed a slight decrease (from 1,103 ± 0.388, basally, to 0.846 ± 0.246 mg/L at 240 min, p < .005) of about 19% at the end of the exercise. Moreover, it was significantly inversely correlated with EE during the time from 180 to 240 min (r = .557. p < .01) and with FFA during the overall test (r = .481 p < .01), but no relationship was found with insulin. CONCLUSION these data support the hypothesis that during prolonged exercise Lep levels decrease related to intensity and respective EE. It still remains to be seen a Lep decrease may be due to EE per se, or related to hormonal changes occurring during exercise.
Novel Soluble and Thermally Stable Perylene Dye with Two [60] Fullerene Units

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel fullerene derivative in which perylene group is attached to two C60 through a pyrrolidine ring has been prepared and found to exhibit good solubility, high thermal stability and broad visible-light absorption with high coefficients, and photophysical studies shows that photo-induced energy transfer from the perylene moiety to C60.
How the First Jones Act Compliant Wind Turbine Installation Vessel is Helping to Develop the U.S. Offshore Wind Supply Chain

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Meeting the U.S. offshore wind target of 30 GW installed capacity by 2030 will present significant supply chain opportunities for port infrastructure developments, major windfarm components, increased steel demand, and construction of transportation and installation (T&I) solutions in U.S. shipyards such as specialized wind turbine installation vessels (WTIVs). This paper discusses how the design and construction of "Charybdis" –– the first Jones Act Compliant WTIV –– are helping to drive the supply chain for offshore wind development and the energy transition toward more sustainable solutions. A consortium of designer and shipyard led by a major developer, Dominion Energy is building the Charybdis WTIV. This paper highlights how the project team leveraged experience in the oil and gas industry and offshore wind from Europe to develop the first specialized WTIV for U.S. wind farm construction and East Coast operation. The paper also discusses important aspects such as project execution, risk assessment, technology innovation, and compliance with U.S. Regulations and safety standards. The Charybdis is one of the largest WTIVs in the world and an important enabler for a safer and more cost-effective deployment of U.S. offshore wind energy and a move toward sustainable energy solutions. The insights and experience gained with the concept development, design, and construction of Charybdis, will benefit the next generation turbine installations in the U.S. and worldwide, and promote the collaboration of future wind turbine supply chain development.
Biological Modeling Control of a Multilegged Walking Robot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article focus on the design of a biomimetic control architecture, which can improve the capability of agility and independence of multilegged walking robots. Since this kind of robots are contrived from multiped animals, the thinking and behaviour manners of multiped animals are first researched and are classified into several types, which are the theoretical base of the biological model. The proposed conceptual model and physical model of the biomimetic control architecture, which are software hardware codesigned, are made up of four blocks, that is information sensing, information communication, behavior generation, and joint driver blocks. Furthermore, the architecture model can realize the evolution between different behavior control layers based various behaviour manners. Through simulation and experiment, it is proved that this biomimetic model makes multilegged walking robots adapt the irregular environment well
Essential Arginyl Residues in Yeast Phosphoglyceromutase1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inactivation of yeast phosphoglyceromutase (tetramer) with 1,2-cyclohexanedione correlates with the modification of six arginyl residues per mole of the enzyme. Protection experiments using 3-phosphoglycerate suggest that four arginyl residues (one residue per subunit) are involved in the binding of the substrate to the enzyme. The modified enzyme reversibly regained its activity upon incubation with hydroxylamine. The reactivity of lysyl residues which have been shown to be involved in the active site is markedly reduced in the enzyme inactivated with 1,2-cyclohexanedione, indicating that the lysyl and arginyl residues are in close proximity in the active site.
DOP62 Efficacy of biologic drugs in short-duration versus long-duration Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A systematic review and an individual-patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Starting biologic treatment early in the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may associate with higher efficacy, especially in Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods A systematic review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all placebo-controlled trials of biologics approved for IBD at study inception (Oct 2015), using Vivli data-sharing platform. The primary outcome was the proportional biologic/placebo treatment effect on induction-of-remission in patients with short-duration (≤18months) versus long-duration disease (&gt;18months) analyzed separately for CD and ulcerative colitis (UC). We used meta-regression to examine the impact of patients’ characteristics on the primary outcome. Study PROSPERO registration: CRD42018041961. Results We obtained data from five biologics drug manufacturers and included 25 trials, testing infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, natalizumab or vedolizumab (6,168 CD, 3,227 UC patients). In CD, induction-of-remission rates were higher in pooled placebo and active arms’ patients with short-disease duration≤18 months (41.4%, 244/589) compared with disease-duration&gt;18months (29.8%, 852/2857, meta-analytically estimated OR=1.33, 95%CI:1.09–1.64). The primary outcome, proportional biologic/placebo treatment effect on induction-of-remission, was not different in short-duration disease ≤18 months (n= 589, OR 1.47, 95%CI:1.01–2.15) compared with longer disease-duration (n=2857, OR 1.43, 95%CI:1.19–1.72). In UC trials, both the proportional biologic/placebo remission-induction effect and the pooled biologic-placebo effect were stable regardless of disease duration. Primary outcome results remained unchanged when tested using alternative temporal cut-offs and when modelled for individual-patients’ co-variates, including prior anti-TNFs exposure. In exploratory post-hoc analysis comparing patients with colonic-CD (L2) versus small-bowel L1 CD (and excluding ileo-colonic L3 disease) the OR for induction-of-remission in long-duration disease&gt;18months compared with short-duration disease was 0.62 for small-bowel CD (95%CI: 0.42; 0.91) but was not significant in pooled colonic CD population (OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.66; 1.34) Conclusion This Individual patient level meta-analysis of clinical trials of multiple biologics found there are higher rates of induction-of-remission in early CD for both biologics and placebo, resulting in a treatment-to-placebo effect ratio which is similar across different disease durations. No such relationships between disease-duration and outcomes is found in UC
The definitive value of active-specific immunotherapy for experimental carcinoma of the colon.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Active-specific immunotherapy with concanavalin A or with neuraminidase-modified syngeneic tumor cells has been studied in an experimental model of colon cancer. Systemic immunotherapy with concanavalin A-modified tumor cells or with neuraminidase-modified tumor cells has resulted in up to 70 percent cure of rats receiving a lethal inoculum of tumor in a model tumor system which otherwise proved 80 percent lethal to untreated hosts. The possible mechanisms whereby neuraminidase or concanavalin A are effective cell-surface modifiers for active-specific immunotherapy are discussed. In vitro studies suggest markedly heightened antigenic recognition following immunization with concanvalin A-modified syngeneic tumor cells. These studies represent the first apparent evidence for the definitive value of systemic active-specific immunotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of large bowel cancer.
Erratum: Growth Inhibitor from BSC-1 Cells Closely Related to Platelet Type β Transforming Growth Factor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the report "Growth inhibitor from BSC-1 cells closely related to platelet type β transforming growth factor" by Ronald F. Tucker et al. (9 Nov., p. 705), figures 1 and 2 on page 706 were incorrectly interchanged. The figure captions are correct.
Statistical Post-Editing of Machine Translation for Domain Adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a statistical approach to adapt out-of-domain machine translation systems to the medical domain through an unsupervised post-editing step. A statistical post-editing model is built on statistical machine translation (SMT) outputs aligned with their translation references. Evaluations carried out to translate medical texts from French to English show that an out-of-domain machine translation system can be adapted a posteriori to a specific domain. Two SMT systems are studied: a state-of-the-art phrasebased implementation and an online publicly available system. Our experiments also indicate that selecting sentences for post-editing leads to significant improvements of translation quality and that more gains are still possible with respect to an oracle measure.