jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Sino-European Intercultural Texts in Chinese Private Libraries of the Late Ming and the Early to Mid-Qing Periods (1582–c.1823)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article focusses on the distribution of Sino-European books in the broad scholarly world: how did these books that are intercultural regarding authorship, content, and material aspect, reach their potential readers? And how widely were these books distributed? It investigates the extent to which these books were included in private libraries from the late Ming until the mid-Qing (1582– c .1823). Book printing had become very efficient in the second half of the sixteenth century and collecting books, both in printed and manuscript form, had become one of the favourite hobbies of (retired) scholars. Some of them accumulated very large libraries, and the catalogues of a few of these have been preserved. Thirty-seven of the still extant catalogues of these libraries contain references to Sino-European books. These references provide the opportunity to investigate the distribution of such intercultural texts over a span of two hundred and fifty years. This article begins with a general presentation of these catalogues. Subsequently, individual catalogues are described in chronological order. When possible, a description is included of the collector’s link with European missionaries or Chinese Christians, as it is through these connections that the intercultural encounters around these texts took place. Next, by tracing the frequency of appearance of the works, this article explores what the extant catalogues can tell us about the distribution of Sino-European books. Finally, the focus moves to the ways the collectors classified these works in their catalogues. By investigating the bibliographic categories, this analysis reveals the intercultural negotiations that took place in the creation of the Sino-European book world.
What Has Been Overlooked in Contrastive Source-Free Domain Adaptation: Leveraging Source-Informed Latent Augmentation within Neighborhood Context

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) involves adapting a model originally trained using a labeled dataset ({\em source domain}) to perform effectively on an unlabeled dataset ({\em target domain}) without relying on any source data during adaptation. This adaptation is especially crucial when significant disparities in data distributions exist between the two domains and when there are privacy concerns regarding the source model's training data. The absence of access to source data during adaptation makes it challenging to analytically estimate the domain gap. To tackle this issue, various techniques have been proposed, such as unsupervised clustering, contrastive learning, and continual learning. In this paper, we first conduct an extensive theoretical analysis of SFDA based on contrastive learning, primarily because it has demonstrated superior performance compared to other techniques. Motivated by the obtained insights, we then introduce a straightforward yet highly effective latent augmentation method tailored for contrastive SFDA. This augmentation method leverages the dispersion of latent features within the neighborhood of the query sample, guided by the source pre-trained model, to enhance the informativeness of positive keys. Our approach, based on a single InfoNCE-based contrastive loss, outperforms state-of-the-art SFDA methods on widely recognized benchmark datasets.
Applying Context State Machines to Smart Elevators: Design, Implementation and Evaluation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Current context-aware computing still lacks good representation models, particularly in modeling for proactive decision making in the era of Ubiquitous Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), To mitigate this issue, we proposed a state-based model of context in our prior research. Based on the model, we introduced Context State Machines (CSM) for simulating state changes of context attribute, situation, and context, which imply contextual behaviors that are often overlooked while very important to context reasoning and system decisions. This research applies CSMs to a real-world context-aware problem from the literature: a smart elevator control system. We introduce the design and implementation of a CSM engine, evaluate the CSM engine by utilizing two context-aware scenarios of the smart elevator, and show that the model can help automatically capture and reason the context without the inference from the developers. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time in the literature about applying the state-based context modeling approach and the CSM engine to a real-world context-aware application.
Clinical judgement and antibiotic use in general practice.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Illustrated booklets that contained standard physical but variable social and psychological information relating to 16 patients with sore throats were posted to 1000 general practitioners. The doctors were asked whether they would prescribed antibiotics in each of the cases presented. Replies were received from 634 doctors and it was found that the variations in social and psychological history provided had significantly affected the doctor's responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Isomuenchnone Dipoles to Heteroaromatic π‐Systems.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of a model to Simulate Net Radiation Over a Vineyar cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Net radiation (Rn) is the main energy balance component controlling evaporation and transpiration processes.In this regard, this study evaluated two models to estimate Rno above a commercial vineyard (Vitis vinifera cv.Cabernet Sauvignon) located in Pencahue Valley, Maule Region (35º22' S; 71°47' W; 75 m.a.s.l.).An automatic meteorological station (AMS) was installed in the central part of the vineyard and used to measure Rn, solar radiation (Rsi), air temperature (Ta), canopy temperature (Tf) and relative humidity (RH).On a 30 min interval, results indicated that model Rne1 (assuming Ta ≠ Tf) and model Rne2 (assuming Ta = Tf ) were able to estimate Rn with a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 40 W m -2 and root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 61 W m -2 .On daily intervals, the two models estimated Rno with MAE and RMSE values of less than 1.68 and 1.75 MJ m -2 d -1 , respectively.In global terms, the models presented errors below 9 and 11% on 30 min and daily intervals, respectively.Furthermore, this study indicated that the incorporation of canopy temperature did not improve the Rno estimation substantially, in spite of having a temperature gradient (dT = Tf -Ta) between -3 and 4 o C.These results suggest that an Rne2 model could be used to estimate Rno using Rsi, Ta and RH measurements.
A STUDY ON MILLETS CULTIVATION IN KARUR DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. Millets have been important food staples in human history, particularly in the poor, semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. They grow in harsh environments where other crops do not grow well. Improvements in production, availability, nutritional content, storage and utilization technology for millets may significantly contribute to the household food security and nutrition of the inhabitants of these areas. Among rain fed crops, millets figure prominently. India is the largest producer of Many kinds of millets, which are often referred coarse cereals. However, realizing the nutrient richness of these grains they are now considered as nutria-cereals. Though they occupy relatively a lower position among feed crops in Indian agriculture, they are quite important from the point of food security at regional and farm level. They further contribute to the widening of food basket, which at present is narrow because of excessive dependence on a fewer food crops like rice and wheat. The millet grains are well known for their superior quality, nutritional security and human health. Millets are grown on poor shallow and marginal soils under rainfed conditions. Some of these are still grown in the hilly areas under shifting cultivation which is one of the most primitive ways of crop production. In this paper an attempt was made to improve the production and productivity of millets and make an awareness among the farmers to enhance the harvested area and increase consumption of millets grains in the study area and also in general.
An international multicenter observational non-interventional prospective study of the efficacy of azilsartan medoxomil in overweight or obese patients with arterial hypertension (CONSTANT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Control of arterial hypertension in obese or overweight patients is complicated since obesity directly contributes to increased blood pressure, requiring new, highly effective antihypertensive drugs. This study evaluates the efficacy of azilsartan medoxomil in real clinical practice. An international multicenter observational non-interventional prospective study of azilsartan medoxomil was conducted in 64 clinical centers in the Russian Federation and 5 centers in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This study included 1945 obese or overweight patients with arterial hypertension. Azilsartan medoxomil was prescribed in accordance with the approved instruction for use. The decision to prescribe the drug, dose adjustment and monitoring target BP achievement belonged to the attending physicians according to their routine clinical practice. The observation period took about 6 months. The average duration of taking the medicine was 26.1 ± 4 weeks. By the fourth visit, the use of azilsartan medoxomil either in a monotherapy regimen or in free combinations resulted in a pronounced decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 30.5 ± 13.4 and 14 ± 9.4 mmHg, respectively (p Over the study time of 1945 patients, significant changes in blood pressure levels over time were noted, and a high frequency of response to the azilsartan therapy was observed. Adverse events related to the study drug were of mild or moderate intensity and did not require discontinuation of therapy. Thus, azilsartan medoxomil demonstrated a good safety profile and provided effective blood pressure control for overweight or obese patients with hypertension in real clinical practice.
PhorceField

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many widely deployed phishing defense schemes, such as SiteKey, use client-side secrets to help users confirm that they are visiting the correct website before entering their passwords. Unfortunately, studies have demonstrated that up to 92% of users can be convinced to ignore missing client-side secrets and enter their passwords into phishing pages. However, since client-side secrets have already achieved industry acceptance, they are an attractive building block for creating better phishing defenses. We present PhorceField, a phishing resistant password ceremony that combines client-side secrets and graphical passwords in a novel way that provides phishing resistance that neither achieves on its own. PhorceField enables users to login easily, but forces phishers to present victims with a fundamentally unfamiliar and onerous user interface. Victims that try to use the phisher's interface to enter their password find the task so difficult that they give up without revealing their password. We have evaluated PhorceField's phishing resistance in a user study in which 21 participants used PhorceField for a week and were then subjected to a simulated phishing attack. On average, participants were only able to reveal 20% of the entropy in their password, and none of them revealed their entire password. This is a substantial improvement over previous research that demonstrated that 92% of users would reveal their entire password to a phisher, even if important security indicators were missing[27].
From social activism to active socialization: The evolution of football ideology in community‐owned football clubs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Community‐owned clubs are profound socializing agents that offer children a prosocial environment that disarticulates some of football's most pernicious ideologies in favor of an environment that is developmental, empowering, and self‐affirming while facilitating self‐determination. The work highlights the evolution of community‐owned clubs from activist enclaves to virtuous, imperative environments that influence and transfer community‐bound knowledge. Children in the study articulated that the ethos found at these clubs has enhanced their self‐esteem and self‐efficacy and has positively changed their perceptions, behavior, and interactions with the vulnerable individuals within their community. In addition, the data reveals a new idealism in terms of football with self‐restraint and nominal consumption of club apparel preferred to traditional materialism.
Lifetime Estimation for Electrical Components in Distribution Systems Using Their Inspection and Maintenance Records

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Distribution system operators inspect electrical components in the distribution systems to maintain the reliability of power supply. Results of the inspection and necessary actions for them have been accumulating in databases as the inspection and the maintenance records. The authors propose an estimation method of operating lifetime of newly constructed electrical components as an application of these records. The aim of this study is to utilize the inspection and the maintenance records to decision making in expansion planning of the distribution systems. In the proposed method, decision tree learning is applied to analyze relationships between initial information of the electrical components (sets of specifications and weather conditions) and their operating lifetime. The resulting tree-like model uses initial information of the target component as input and estimates its operating lifetime. Numerical simulations are carried out for verifying the validity of the authors’ proposal using actual inspection and maintenance records accumulated in a Japanese electric power company. In addition, influential factors on the operating lifetime are specified through the numerical simulations and discussions on their results.
Beta-adrenoceptor agonists do not reduce hydrogen peroxide production from superoxide radicals.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently, it has been reported that beta-adrenoceptor agonists containing a catechol moiety, reduce hydrogen peroxide production by alveolar macrophages, an effect suggested to be due to scavenging by the catecholamines of superoxide, the precursor of hydrogen peroxide. However, catecholamines interfere with the method used, in that study, to determine hydrogen peroxide formation. We re-examined the obtained results using two independent methods for measuring hydrogen peroxide that are not affected by catecholamines. We found that catecholamines, in a concentration up to 10(-5) M, had no effect on hydrogen peroxide formation out of superoxide. It was, furthermore, established that reduction of hydrogen peroxide formation by scavenging of superoxide by catecholamines is not very likely.
Joint Deployment and Request Routing for Microservice Call Graphs in Data Centers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Microservices are an architectural and organizational paradigm for Internet application development. In cloud data centers, delay-sensitive applications receive massive user requests, which are fed into multiple queues and subsequently served by multiple microservice instances. Accordingly, effective deployment of multiple queues and containers can significantly reduce queuing delay, processing delay, and communication delay. Due to the increased complexity of call dependencies and probabilistic routing paths, the deployment of service instances fully interacts with request routing, bringing great difficulties to service orchestration. In this case, it is valuable to simultaneously consider service deployment and request routing in a fine-grained manner. However, most existing studies considered them as two independent components with local optimization, while data dependencies and the instance-level deployment are ignored. Therefore, this paper proposes to jointly optimize the deployment and request routing of microservice call graphs based on fine-grained queuing network analysis and container orchestration. We first formulate the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program and exploit open Jackson queuing networks to model intrinsic data dependencies and analyze response latency. To optimize the overall cost and latency, this paper presents an efficient two-stage heuristic algorithm, which consists of a resource-splitting-based deployment approach and a partition-mapping-based routing method. Further, this paper also provides mathematical analysis on the performance and complexity of the proposed algorithm. Finally, comprehensive trace-driven experiments demonstrate that the overall performance of our approach is better than existing microservice benchmarks. The average deployment cost is reduced by 27.4% and end-to-end response latency is reduced by 15.1% on average.
A new framework for ethical creation and evaluation of multi-perspective knowledge organization systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to present a new framework for ethical creation and evaluation of multi-perspective knowledge organization systems. Design/methodology/approach Applying Held's understanding of the ethics of care, this paper proposes five operative criteria for ethical building and evaluation of multi-perspective knowledge representation and organization systems. Findings This paper argues that a carefully designed multipoint view of representation and organization conforms to the proposed ethical criteria and shifts concerns associated with the expectation of neutrality of library information professionals to the necessity to humanize and diversify the representation and organization of knowledge to build inclusive and equitable systems. Originality/value This paper presents multi-perspectiveness as key to ethical knowledge organization. The paper proposes a generic taxonomy of the main stages in the creation of multi-perspective knowledge representation and organization systems and demonstrates how to apply the proposed framework in each stage to ensure ethical outcomes.
Resolving in situ structure of Trypanosoma brucei and insights into the functions of structural microtubules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The flagellar Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) is a kinetoplastid protist that causes African sleeping sickness and threats the livestock life. The parasite has a life cycle when it parasitizes in tsetse flies and humans. These parasites have a flagellum that is attached to the cell body that is crucial for its motility. The flagellum consists of a canonical 9 + 2 axoneme and a paraflagellar rod (PFR) and filament attached zone (FAZ). Besides, the cytoskeleton is covered with microtubules. In this paper we describe results from cryo-electron tomography of T. brucei. This method reveals novel structures of the parasite. We show two datasets in situ, revealing organelles, the microtubule array and the flagellum. Since the structures of T. brucei are essential for the pathogenesis, understanding the entire structure can fulfill the knowledge gap and provides a method for treating sleeping sickness.
Step-Up or Top-Down, Combination with Immunosuppression or Not?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, there are different philosophies regarding the principal therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of an initial aggressive top-down strategy using a combination of anti-TNF agents and an immunomodulator (commonly a thiopurine) versus a more gradual step-up from steroids to an immunomodulator to anti-TNF therapy as required by the response to therapy. Further, despite extensive positive evidence, thiopurines have come under attack following new negative studies, requiring a balanced view. Finally, the indications for a combination of thiopurines with an anti-TNF agent are considered in detail.
A narrative approach to studying symbolic boundaries among drug users: A qualitative meta-synthesis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The narrative study of identity promotes the idea that people develop social identities by telling stories about themselves and others. Through these stories, people associate with desired groups and create social boundaries separating them from the less desirable. While all people engage in boundary work, it is especially important for those who are physically or socially near members of stigmatized groups (e.g. drug users). My aim here is to examine how drug users narratively create symbolic boundaries to differentiate types of users (i.e. functional vs. dysfunctional). To elaborate on the general characteristics of these symbolic boundaries, I rely on qualitative meta-synthesis of research on boundary work among drug users and insights from my own research with people who use drugs. I draw from narrative identity theory to locate the places from which they derive their stories when creating symbolic boundaries and the content of the symbolic boundaries. I discuss the role of symbolic boundaries in facilitating drug use and inhibiting recovery and conclude by discussing the theoretical importance of using narrative criminology for understanding boundary development, boundary maintenance, and the content of boundaries.
Perception of Undergraduate Physical Therapy Students of Dual Role of Clinical Educator As A Mentor or Assessor: Influence on The Teaching-Learning Relationship

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Academics clinical education is significant backbone of physiotherapy professionals' schooling and it is express as vital components which makes ready professionals of physiotherapy for experience inclinical set-up.Objective:To investigate understudies' view of how the dual role of CEs as mentor and evaluator affected T-L relationship.Methodology:Self-oriented questionnaire was used using the quantitative research approach. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. Consenting undergraduate physiotherapy clinical students fromuniversity of Lahore, Pakistan who had clinical education for at least one year completed the questionnaire. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit samples of 225 understudies.Results:The difficulties were noticed when CE needed to behave and acting as the two evaluator and guider to the necessity of understudies. They change their behavior. This affected the relationship of teachingand learning thus affected the studying of undergrad learners. Desires for understudies and CE were frequently not satisfied. Conclusions: Discoveries found out in investigation, based on the perspectives or the encounters that understudies have of double job of their CEs, become featured. This situation become critical to think about difficulties which are faced by understudies so as to limit possible harmful impacts on understudies' studying environment caused by difficulties.Keywords:Physiotherapy students, dual role of CEs, mentor and assessor, Pakistan.