jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF NUTMEG (MYRISTICA FRANGRANS HOUTT) LEAVES AND CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM L.) LEAVES TREATMENT TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KACANG GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutmeg (Myristica frangrans Houtt) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) is an herb plants that contain essential oils. The research objective was to determine the physical quality (pH, shrinkage cooking, and water holding capacity) and chemical quality (moisture content, protein content and fat content) of Kacang goat (Capra hircus) by rationing of nutmeg and clove leaves treatment. There are four treatments that consisted of the percentage of R0 = ration basal (without the addition of nutmeg and clove leaves), R1 = basal diet + 5% of nutmeg leaves, R2 = basal diet + 5% of clove leaves, R3 = basal diet + 5% of nutmeg leaves +5 % of clove leaves, while each treatment was replicated four times. The results showed that the use of nutmeg and cloves leaves in a ration of 5% does not affect the physical and chemical quality of the Kacang goat in terms of pH, cooking shrinkage, water holding capacity, moisture content, protein content and fat content.
Ligation of the thoracic duct for the treatment of chylothorax in heart diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In children, chylothorax occurs mainly after cardiac and thoracic surgeries. One of the recommended postsurgery treatments is ligation of the thoracic tract, when all other conservative treatments have failed. We report 4 cases of chylothorax in patients who were successfully treated with this approach, which resulted in a decrease in pleural drainage without recurrent chylothorax.
Explainable Ai in Autonomous Systems: Understanding the Reasoning Behind Decisions for Safety and Trust

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autonomous systems, particularly autonomous vehicles (AVs), have advanced significantly over the past two decades, offering promising benefits for transportation in terms of safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. However, the opaque nature of AI-driven decision-making in these systems poses challenges for trust, societal acceptance, and regulatory compliance. To mitigate these concerns, the integration of Explainable AI (XAI) is critical. XAI provides transparent, interpretable reasoning behind autonomous decisions, ensuring accountability and alignment with ethical and legal standards. This paper explores the role of XAI in enhancing trust and transparency in AVs, reviewing current methodologies, proposing a framework for AV decision-making explainability, and discussing the regulatory implications. Additionally, the paper identifies the needs of key stakeholders, including developers, users, and regulators, and outlines future research directions to further improve the interpretability of AI-guided autonomous systems, fostering broader societal acceptance and trust.
Cluster Scheduling for Data Centers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This installment of Research for Practice features a curated selection from Malte Schwarzkopf, who takes us on a tour of distributed cluster scheduling, from research to practice, and back again. With the rise of elastic compute resources, cluster management has become an increasingly hot topic in systems R&D, and a number of competing cluster managers including Kubernetes, Mesos, and Docker are currently jockeying for the crown in this space.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Care Visit in Ethiopia: A population-based study using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Maternal health care services are important for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and infant. In 2015, an estimated 303,000 women died from pregnancy-related complications. The Ethiopian government has implemented strategies to enhance maternal health service utilization, and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. However, only 20.4% of women initiated the first antenatal care visit before 16 weeks of gestation. Therefore, this study assessed factors associated with late antenatal care visit in Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study design was used to examine 4,740 women from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to examine the strength of an association. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result The prevalence of late initiation of first antenatal care visit in Ethiopia was 67.3% (65.0%,69.6%). Living in rural areas (AOR= 95% CI:1.19,2.56) and fifth or above birth order (AOR=1.5;95% CI:1.10,2.00) were significantly associated with late antenatal care visit. Consequently, increasing the access and utilization of family planning, and raise an awareness on the benefit of early initiation of first antenatal care visit is recommended.
Properties of Virus Isolated from an Epidemic of Hand‐Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in 1973 in the City of Matsue

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The virus strains isolated from clinical cases in an epidemic of hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease in Matsue in 1973 were characterized and its properties were compared with those of the Coxsackievirus group A type 16 (CA 16) prototype strain. The virus isolated in 1973 was similar to CA16 prototype virus with respect to morphology in electron microscopy, resistance to ether and capability to replicate in medium containing fluorodeoxyuridine. Cross neutralization tests using guinea‐pig and horse antisera revealed that there was little or no detectable common antigen between the two viruses. The two viruses also differed in heat stability of virion infectivity: the 1973‐viruses were much more resistant to heat than the prototype virus. Under one‐step growth conditions in Vero cell cultures, growth rate and virus yield of the 1973‐viruses were lower than those of CA16, but this property was independent of incubation temperatures, pH of culture medium and other culture conditions. Several other differences in property between the 2 strains are also described. It is concluded that the epidemic in 1973 was caused by a virus whose properties differed greatly from those of the CA16 prototype.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Screening of Advanced Breeding lines for Resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus under Field Conditions in okra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sixty four entries consisting of fifty seven inbred lines and seven checks (four hybrids and three commercial varieties) were screened for reaction to okra yellow vein mosaic virus in three replications of Partial balanced lattice design (triple lattice) under unprotected conditions during summer 2011. The results exhibited that four lines were highly resistant to yellow vein mosaic virus, ten lines showed moderate resistant, 26 lines tolerant, 10 lines moderate susceptible, 6 susceptible and one highly susceptible. High range was observed for the traits viz., fruit yield per hectare (10.02-21.98 T) and disease incidence to yellow vein mosaic virus (0.00-85.09%). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were noticed for disease incidence and fruit yield per hectare. The highest yield per hectare was found in the DBh-25 (21.98 T/ha) followed by DBh-33 (19.9 T/ha) and DBh-7 (19.54 T/ha).
Increase in COVID‐19 cases and case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates in Europe: A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The new coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection reported in China in December 2019 has become a pandemic in a few weeks, affecting the entire world. In this respect, it is crucial to determine the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates to control COVID‐19. In this study, the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta‐analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. The data were obtained from the website of health organizations of 36 European countries and the website of WHO until 11 May 2020. The analyses were carried out on 1 744 704 COVID‐19‐diagnosed cases in 36 European countries. The case‐increase, case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), single‐arm meta‐analysis, cross‐temporal meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression random‐effects model. The standardized case‐increase rate of COVID‐19 is 5% (95% CI [0.040, 0.063]) and the average case‐increase rate in European countries has started to decline by around 3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) weekly. The countries with the highest rate of case increase are Belgium, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although the case‐fatality rate of COVID‐19 patients was 4.5% as of May 11 (95% CI [0.037‐0.055]), this rate is 6.3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) in standardized time (6th week). The case‐recovery rates of patients are 46% (95% CI [0.376‐0.547]). This study presents important results regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic in Europe. Although the rate of increase in new COVID‐19 cases has dropped, there is not much decline in the case‐fatality rates and no increase in case‐recovery rates. The case‐fatality rate of COVID‐19 in Europe was estimated to be in the range of 4% to 4.5% and a minimum of 4 weeks (as of 11 May) is expected to have the figure below 1% in a country with an average case‐increase rate. Monitoring case fatalities in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden, and treatment successes in Germany and Austria play a role of utmost importance.
The Substance of Altruism in International Law: Environmental Justice for the Other

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter considers the major features of international environmental governance that are manifestations of altruism. It begins from the observation that the very premise of international environmental law is the no-harm principle which, while not altruistic per se, illustrates the structurally inherent concern for the other at the heart of the regime. The chapter continues by appraising the emergence of concern for the individual, and in particular procedures through which those in other countries can participate in environmental decision-making or have recourse to justice where they are subject to environmental harm. Moreover, international human rights law is interacting with international environmental law to extend the environmental obligations that states have to people third countries. The universality of international environmental law obligations is also manifested in principles such as intergenerational equity, which is an altruistic consideration for people of the future. Finally, the chapter considers the increasing prevalence of common but differentiated responsibilities and commitments made to developing countries in the area of environmental protection. A particular focus is placed on the importance of financial and technical assistance.
MODELS FOR CONTINOUS AND HYBRID SYSTEM SIMULATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The DEVS formalism was defined as a method for modeling and discrete event systems. DEVS theory evolved and it was recently upgraded in order to permit modeling of continuous and hybrid systems. Here, we present a first experience on the use of two of the existing methods for defining continuous variable DEVS models (namely, the QDEVS and the GDEVS formalisms), to develop continuous and hybrid systems simulations. We show how to model these dynamic systems under the discrete event abstraction. Examples of model simulations with their execution results are included. An experimental analysis on
Indonesia's economic performance in comparative perspective and a new policy framework for 2049

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This is the first paper of a planned 'Indonesia 2049' project, which asks how far Indonesia's economy will have developed 100 years after actual political independence in 1949. We compare dimensions of Indonesia's economy with those of two oil exporters (Mexico and Nigeria), three large populous developing economies (China, India and Brazil) and three Southeast Asian neighbours (Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines). Under Soeharto, Indonesia's economic performance was better than it had been under Soekarno, and above the average of the eight comparator countries, but below that of the East Asian economies. Our view is that Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's second administration must adopt a new economic policy framework to ensure successful transition to knowledge-based growth. This proposed new framework goes beyond the Washington Consensus of 'getting prices right' and 'getting institutions right' to include 'getting the role of science right' and 'getting the conception of the reform process right'.
Experimental study of the influence of different intrinsic properties of pedicle screws on the electrical resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To study the influence of pedicle screw structural features(solid and cannulated pedicle screws,diameters) on the electrical resistance of pedicle screws and to discuss its possible effect on the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion monitored by stimulus-evoked electromyography.Methods: Electrical resistance measurements were obtained from 12 pedicle screw varieties(6 screws of each manufacturer: solid or cannulated pedicle screws with diameter of 5.0mm,6.0mm,7.0mm in Johnson company and solid or cannulated pedicle screws with diameter of 4.5mm,5.5mm,6.5mm in Medtronic company) across the screw shank with an interval of 20mm based on measured constant current and voltage using potentiometer and multimeter according to Ohm′s law.Results: Electrical resistance of pedicle screws with 4.5mm,5.5mm,6.5mm in diameter was(0.142±0.003)Ω,(0.110±0.007)Ω,(0.086±0.002)Ω in solid pedicle screws respectively and(0.398± 0.002)Ω,(0.347 ±0.003)Ω,(0.290 ±0.003)Ω in cannulated pedicle screws respectively from Johnson company.Electrical resistance of pedicle screws with 5.0mm,6.0mm,7.0mm in diameter was(0.149 ±0.001)Ω,(0.123± 0.004)Ω,(0.095 ±0.001)Ω in solid pedicle screws and(0.291 ±0.001)Ω,(0.237 ±0.001)Ω,(0.148 ±0.001)Ω in cannulated pedicle screws got from Medtronic company,and the electrical resistance of cannulated screws was much higher than that of solid screws in the same diameter group(P0.05).The screw with largest diameter had lower electrical resistance than the screws with shorter diameters,whether solid screws or cannulated screws(P0.05).Conclusions: Cannulated pedicle screws have higher electrical resistance compared to the solid pedicle screws with the same length and diameter,smaller diameter pedicle screws have higher electrical resistance compared to the larger diameter pedicle screws,we should pay much attention to its influence when stimulus-evoked electromyographic test was used in placing pedicle screw.
Best practices : a critique of American education and research into language learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The following paper is an exploration of the research into discovery and meaning in the school \nsetting. The foreign language classroom provides simply one example among other subjects, but \nthe issue outlined in the following writings are remarkably transferable between all content areas \nin school: today’s students struggle because there is no connection of content to students’ own \nlives. Foreign language is an apt example of this problem due to the historically difficult nature \nof language learning in the US. This pair of papers deal with two seemingly different sides of the \neducational spectrum. One is a critique of the scholastic environment and academic system in \nplace, written in both English and French. The second is a research review of second language \nacquisition and foreign language instruction, and a presentation of what I hope to bring to my \nown classroom as a teacher. John Dewey, Peter Gray, Stephen Krashen and others have spoken \nout for the past century about the need to improve education. I hope to continue their efforts in \nthis paper, for the 21st century.
Population study of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium Malayanum and Macrobrachium Sundaicum in Nee Soon Swamp Forest, Singapore

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Nee Soon Swamp Forest (NSSF) represents the only freshwater swamp forest left in Singapore. Despite being only 5km2 in size, it consists of an extensive diversity of aquatic fauna. Freshwater prawns play an important ecological role in many tropical streams. Hence, their abundance and distribution in the NSSF is crucial. An 8-week period (January 2017 to March 2017) survey was conducted in the NSSF using traps to study the population of freshwater prawns in the area. The results showed the presence of two species. Macrobrachium malayanum and Macrobrachium sundaicum. Habitat characterisation done showed that pH strongly affects the presence or absence of M. sundaicum. It also showed that M. malayanum has a widespread distribution in the NSSF. Comparison with a previous study showed a declining rate in the distribution of M. sundaicum in the NSSF. Hence, the aim of this study is to update the status of freshwater prawns in the NSSF and to better understand the factors influencing biodiversity of freshwater prawns.
Artifacts in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of a Post and Core Restoration: A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been accepted as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment in endodontics. Despite a growing trend toward using CBCT in endodontic practice the CBCT images should be interpreted carefully. This case report presents a case that showed radiolucency inside and around a tooth which was free of pathologic changes under a dental operative microscope and conventional radiographs. A male patient was referred to an endodontic office for evaluation of radiolucency inside and around tooth #21 in his CBCT images. The post and crown over the tooth was removed and the tooth was observed under a dental operative microscope. Clinical examination as well as direct observation under a dental operative microscope showed no pathological lesions inside and around the tooth. The misdiagnosis was based on an artifact on CBCT. Despite the advantages of CBCT images as a great radiographic aid in endodontic practice, in the presence of metallic structures such as post and core the images should be interpreted with caution.
Dependence Potential of Zopiclone Studied in Monkeys

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In gross behavioral observation the minimum effective dose of zopiclone was intravenously 0.06-0.25 mg/kg and intragastrically 1-4 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys. Zopiclone suppressed barbital withdrawal signs of rhesus monkeys at a single dose of 16 mg/kg or more. The suppressing effect of zopiclone 32 mg/kg i.g. was comparable to diazepam 8 mg/kg. Crab-eating monkeys treated with zopiclone at doses up to 32 mg/kg twice daily for up to 8 weeks manifested intermediate-grade signs upon withdrawal (i.e., less severe than after treatment with diazepam and similar to nitrazepam). Zopiclone was self-administered by rhesus monkeys relatively frequently by the intravenous route; the infrequent intragastric rate was similar to or slightly higher than with diazepam.
Fast Gradient Computation for Gromov-Wasserstein Distance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Gromov-Wasserstein distance is a notable extension of optimal transport. In contrast to the classic Wasserstein distance, it solves a quadratic assignment problem that minimizes the pair-wise distance distortion under the transportation of distributions and thus could apply to distributions in different spaces. These properties make Gromov-Wasserstein widely applicable to many fields, such as computer graphics and machine learning. However, the computation of the Gromov-Wasserstein distance and transport plan is expensive. The well-known Entropic Gromov-Wasserstein approach has a cubic complexity since the matrix multiplication operations need to be repeated in computing the gradient of Gromov-Wasserstein loss. This becomes a key bottleneck of the method. Currently, existing methods accelerate the computation focus on sampling and approximation, which leads to low accuracy or incomplete transport plans. In this work, we propose a novel method to accelerate accurate gradient computation by dynamic programming techniques, reducing the complexity from cubic to quadratic. In this way, the original computational bottleneck is broken and the new entropic solution can be obtained with total quadratic time, which is almost optimal complexity. Furthermore, it can be extended to some variants easily. Extensive experiments validate the efficiency and effectiveness of our method.
Factors of economic security: regional level analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Authors of the article a lot of attention is paid to the study of factors of economic security of the territory. The objects of study become classification and grading factors and determinants of economic security provided by various scientists in their research. The article found that in spite of numerous groups of factors important to their timely identification and development of an adequate type and kind of leveling tools. In this context, a study of factors of economic secu-rity of the territory on the principle of &#34;external - internal.&#34;
V-22: Dual-Use Technology or Red Herring?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The V-22 Osprey has been a pawn in the battle between requirements and costs almost from its inception. The major factors with regard to the future of the V-22 are a combination of economic, political and military considerations. It is well known that a coalition of industry, congress and covertly the Marine Corps are on one side of the argument facing the administration and the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) on the other. Each side has invoked arguments either for or against the program in the areas of economics (cost) and utilization (need) requirements.
Cloning Object Detectors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Object detectors based on neural networks are deployed in various consumer electronics products to predict different types of object and their location in images. This paper presents a cloning attack on object detectors, using problem domain samples and oracle access to a trained object detector. As in known cloning attacks on image classifiers, the presented attack uses the oracle access to label the samples. The resulting set of labeled samples, referred to as the surrogate dataset, is then used to train the clone detector. Compared to image classifiers, the surrogate dataset created by an object detector can contain more types of error. The paper describes a way to assess the quality of the surrogate dataset. The cloning attack was implemented, and experiments were conducted with a CenterNet and a RetinaNet object detector, and the Oxford-IIIT Pet, Tsinghua-Tencent 100K, and WIDER FACE datasets. The results show that object detectors can be cloned successfully, even if the quality of the surrogate dataset is relatively low. However, in case of a low-quality surrogate dataset, the quality of the clone detector was only high if it used the same architecture as the target detector.