jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis of the false roof made of cemented tailings backfill in deep mine: A case study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The overall stability of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) false roof, as an important support structure in the quarry, is of great significance for realizing the safe recovery of the ore body. This paper aims at the practical problem of ore body mining under the condition of deep broken rock mass. By analyzing the typical process characteristics of underhand cut-and-fill mining method, the dangerous mechanical state of CTB false roof is determined, and the CTB false roof strength model based on the maximum tensile stress failure criterion and deep mining coefficient is established. Based on the measured load value of CTB false roof, the minimum required strength of CTB false roof is obtained. Through the performance tests of CTB under different proportioning schemes, the mechanical strength of CTB false roof (UTS：0.43 MPa, UCS：6.22 MPa) is designed，the proportioning parameters of CTB with ''high strength, high fluidity, quick setting and low cost'' are put forward. Finally, based on FLAC3D numerical simulation and field monitoring, the stability of CTB false roof with recommended ratio parameters is analyzed. The results show that the CTB false roof has not been violently displaced and destabilized in the process of service ore body mining, has good strength reserve, and is able to provide a safe workspace for mining, verifies the reliability and reasonableness of the CTB false roof proportioning parameter, and provides a new way for the study of false roof stability.
Becoming a volunteer: first impressions of volunteering in community food projects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this practice paper, a number of ‘first impressions’ from practical volunteering in community food projects are explored through academic and grey literature: the complexity of decision making; valorising the symptoms rather than the causes of problems; shunting risk; and the marketisation of both volunteering and community food projects. Volunteers, as policy takers, can only soften rather than resolve these issues. The state’s view of the advantages of using volunteers corresponds to the main difficulties of volunteering, for volunteers.
Clinical Consequences of New Insights in the Pathophysiology of Disorders of Iron and Heme Metabolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review examines the clinical consequences for the practicing hematologist of remarkable new insights into the pathophysiology of disorders of iron and heme metabolism. The familiar proteins of iron transport and storage—transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin—have recently been joined by a host of newly identified proteins that play critical roles in the molecular management of iron homeostasis. These include the iron-regulatory proteins (IRP-1 and-2), HFE (the product of the HFE gene that is mutated in most patients with hereditary hemochromatosis), the divalent metal transporter (DMT1), transferrin receptor 2, ceruloplasmin, hephaestin, the “Stimulator of Fe Transport ” (SFT), frataxin, ferroportin1 and others. The growing
Globalization and E-Commerce IV: Environment and Policy in Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines Mexico as one of the countries in Latin America where e-commerce expanded the most, second only to Brazil, and where a digital economy is emerging as a result of a complex set of factors. Key environmental factors that exert an important influence on e-commerce diffusion include the performance of the economy, the sectoral and business structure of the economy, the size of the population, and the distribution of national income. It is hypothesized in this paper that two critical factors that determine the pace, quality and orientation of e-commerce are: 1. the work of private organizations devoted to promoting e-commerce practices, and 2. the political will the Mexican government demonstrated in recent years to improve the country's telecommunications infrastructure. These two factors reinforce one another in the sense that promoting organizations operates by means of specialized working groups whose membership includes representatives from the federal government. Jointly, these institutions create a favorable environment and the required physical conditions for the development of both business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-commerce transactions.
Proteomic Analysis and NIR-II Imaging of MCM2 Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential for improved therapies. Therefore, identification of key targets specifically to HCC is an urgent requirement. Herein, an iTRAQ quantitative proteomic approach was employed to identify differentially expressed proteins in HCC tumor tissues. Of the upregulated tumor-related proteins, minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2), a DNA replication licensing factor, was one of the most significantly altered proteins, and its overexpression was confirmed using tissue microarray. Clinicopathological analysis of multiple cohorts of HCC patients indicated that overexpression of MCM2 was validated in 89.8% tumor tissues and strongly correlated with clinical stage. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated repression of MCM2 expression resulted in significant suppression of the HepG2 cell cycle and proliferation through the cyclin D-dependent kinases (CDKs) 2/7 pathway. Finally, the first small molecule-based MCM2-targeted NIR-II probe CH1055-MCM2 was concisely generated and subsequently evaluated in mice bearing HepG2 xenografts. The excellent imaging properties such as good tumor uptake and high tumor contrast and specificity were achieved in the small animal models. This analytical strategy can determine novel accessible targets of HCC useful for imaging and therapy.
[Effect of purine nucleosides on human leukocytes in normal conditions and in leukemias].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The degree of action of purine nucleosides (adenosine, deoxyadenosine (d-ado) and deoxyguanosine (d-gua] on peripheral blood leukocytes in leukemias has been shown to change, as estimated by their inhibition of the protein biosynthesis. The inhibitory effect of purines on lymphocytes of the CLL patients and on myeloid cells of patients is decreased as compared to the normal cells. On the contrary, blast cells in T-ALL and AML exhibit the increased sensitivity to d-gua and d-ado. The cytotoxicity of d-ado, as compared to that of other nucleosides, is markedly higher against both the normal and leukemic lymphoid and myeloid cells. The relationship between the differences in purine nucleoside action on the normal and leukemic cells and the peculiar features of the nucleotide metabolism in these cells is discussed.
Service curve proportional sharing algorithm for service-guaranteed multiaccess in integrated-service wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Previously, we systematically developed packetized service curve processor sharing (PSCPS) scheduling policy for multimedia distributed networks. In this paper, we consider PSCPS in a special kind of distributed environments, wireless channels. Due to multi-path fading and interference distortion, the error characteristics of wireless channels are even bursty and time-varying. By accounting error control mechanisms, the fluctuation of error behavior can be equivalently regarded as the channel capacity is time-varying for a fixed bit-error-rate. We apply the "change of time" technique to transform PSCPS to a scheduler operating with a time-varying capacity with the service curve guarantees still maintained. The "virtual time implementation" of PSCPS proposed previously is also modified so that it can work properly with time-varying capacity.
Research Advances of Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody——Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

CD40 and its receptor CD40L are a very important pair of co-stimulating molecule in immune response,which have extensive biological effects.After stimulating CD40 signal,it can exert corresponding function through MAPK(JNK,ERK,p38) pathway,PI3K cascade,as well as NF-κB and STAT.The CD40 signal is closely related to tumor immunity,this moleculer has already become targeted-molecule for cancer treatment.Recently,there have been many anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies displaying good anti-cancer effect,among which CHIR-12.12,SGN-40 and CP-870,893 developed rapidly and successively have entered clinical research stage.This review focuses the status of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody,including distribution of CD40,physiological function of CD40,CD40 and tumor immunity,anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies and so on.
Sorghum grain P concentration and removal at a long-term N x P experiment in southern Queensland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The northern grains region has few studies reporting nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertiliser effects on grain P concentration and P removal. From a long-term experiment on the Darling Downs, Queensland, N and P fertiliser independently influenced both grain P concentration and P removal. Generally increasing N fertiliser rate decreased grain P concentration if grain yield increased with N supply, whilst grain P concentration increased with P fertiliser. Five years experimental results indicate seasonal grain P concentration differed significantly making estimating grain P removal from a single value subjective; however a value of 3400 mg P/kg grain at 13.5 % moisture is proposed similar to other sub-tropical areas, but greater than reported from tropical production zones.<br>N fertiliser supply increasing grain yield had the largest influence on grain P removal. Where grain yield was not N limited, P export was 20.9, 17.1 and 19.7 kg P/ha highlighting the potential for significant nutrient removal in high production environments. This supports recently reported negative P balances for grain production, and suggests further management investigation for sustainable grain production practices.
Heritage Management in Sri Lanka: In Legal, Administrative and Financial Perspective over 125 Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Arcaeologial heritage in Sri Lanka is defined under the headings of ancient monument, antuiqity, archaeological heritage and monument. The paper elaborates the legal provisions and organizations for protection of heritage in Sri Lanka. The main issues currently identified in the management of the archaeological heritage in Sri Lanka is under the lack of human resources and lack of consistent financia resources. There are several instances where the protection of religious monuments experienced positive and negative influences backed by political pressures. Sri Lanka could be identified as one of the nations that have used heritage for sustainable development of the country.
Creating visuals with Processing programming language

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To create a visually distinguished artistic effects and associating the effects with sounds is the major task for this project. In this project, the programming environment is offered by the free and portable software, Processing 1.2.1, which will be fully supported to reach my aim. Processing is also an open-source developing language, which is fully functioned on three systems of Linux, Mac and Windows operating systems. It supports both creating visual models and rendering animations via programming. What's more, the libraries of Processing are open to be accessed by the users and editable. It is possible and important to import your own library and some commonly shared libraries which are published to be free accessed on the Internet into the development tool and make full use of functions in this development tool.
Structural analysis of the interaction between urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor: a potential target for anti-invasive cancer therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ability to degrade the extracellular matrix by controlled proteolysis is an important property of malignant cancer cells, which enables them to invade the surrounding tissue and to gain access to the circulation by intravasation. One proteolytic system thought to be involved in these processes is urokinase-mediated plasminogen activation. Expression of a glycolipid-anchored receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) targets this system to the cell surface. This receptor (uPAR) is composed of three homologous modules belonging to the Ly-6/uPAR/α-neurotoxin protein domain family. Integrity of the three-domain structure of uPAR is required for maintenance of its sub-nanomolar affinity for uPA, but the functional epitope for this interaction is primarily located in uPAR domain I. Using affinity maturation by combinatorial chemistry, we have recently identified a potent 9-mer peptide antagonist of the uPA-uPAR interaction having a high affinity for uPAR (Kd &lt; 1 nM). Photoaffinity labelling suggests that this peptide interacts with a composite binding site in uPAR involving both domains I and III. When tested in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay that was developed to quantify intravasation of human cells, this antagonist was able to reduce the intravasation of HEp-3 cancer cells by approx. 60%.
TD-DFT Investigation of the Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Some Purine and Pyrimidine Bases of Nucleic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present a computational study of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra in the 200-300 nm wavelength region of purine and its derivative hypoxanthine, as well as of the pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids uracil, thymine, and cytosine, using the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functionals. Solvent effects are investigated within the polarizable continuum model and by inclusion of explicit water molecules. In general, the computed spectra are found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones, apart from some overall blue shifts. Both the pseudo-A term shape of the MCD spectra of the purines and the B term shape of the spectra of pyrimidine bases are reproduced. Our calculations also correctly reproduce the reversed phase of the MCD bands in purine compared to that of its derivatives present in nucleic acids. Solvent effects are sizable and system specific, but they do not in general alter the qualitative shape of the spectra. The bands are dominated by the bright π → π* transitions, and our calculations in solution nicely reproduce their energy differences, improving the estimates obtained in the gas phase. Shoulders are predicted for purine and uracil due to n → π* excitations, but they are too weak to be observed in the experiment.
Evaluation of the clinical effect of a probiotic mouthwash in the treatment of generalized marginal chronic gingivitis. Randomized pilot study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective. To evaluate the clinical effect of a probiotic mouthwash in reducing generalized marginal chronic gingivitis using positive and negative control groups. Methodology. Four-week study conducted in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from January to March 2017. Participants were healthy, non-smokers with generalized marginal chronic gingivitis; age range 18-45 years. Subjects were randomized and divided into three groups: Group A: mouthwash based on 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (positive control); Group B: mouthwash based on probiotics (experimental); Group C: placebo mouthwash (negative control). No oral hygiene practices or routines were modified; subjects were followed for 4 weeks. The primary outcome variable of interest was the Löe and Silness gingival index, and the secondary one, the Quigley Heinn plaque index modified by Turesky. Results. Of the 45 patients included, 19 (42.2%) were men and 26 (57.7%) women, mean age was 22.8±2.07. Each group consisted of 15 subjects; all subjects completed the study. There was no statistically significant reduction in gingival inflammation when comparing the 3 treatment groups (p=0.540) with respect to the gingival index. A comparison was made before and after the treatment and in the 3 groups there was no reduction of the gingival inflammation. Plaque reduction was not statistically significant when comparing the 3 groups (p=0.278). However, when doing intra-group comparison, it was found that the patients in group A had a reduction in plaque index (p<0.005), which was not observed in groups B (p=0.1103) and C (p=0.1508). Conclusions. The use of a probiotic mouth mouthwash did not reduce gingival inflammation or the accumulation of dentobacterial plaque in a period of 4 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups.
A qualitative study exploring the application of psychosocial screening to identify psychological conditions in non-surgical aesthetic patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study explores medical aesthetic practitioners' initial and ongoing application of psychosocial screening, to identify existing or emerging psychological disorders or conditions in non-surgical aesthetic patients. The increased demand for non-surgical aesthetic treatments correlates with the rise of patients who present with existing or evolving psychosocial problems or issues. Therefore, patients must be appropriately and adequately assessed, to identify those vulnerable individuals who are not suitable for treatment or whose treatments may exacerbate underlying psychological conditions. Identification can support signposting to trained professionals to ensure appropriate holistic care. Moreover, the study explores which validated screening tools have been adopted into practice, and routes for guiding patients should concerns arise.
Quantitative evaluation of the left and right ventricular function with strain and strain rate imaging: Normal values in childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Based on color Doppler methodology, regional myocardial strain rate (SR) and strain (ε) can now be calculated by comparing local myocardial velocity profiles. These deformation data sets may be an important new approach to quantify regional function of the left or right ventricle in congenital heart disease. The aim of the present study was to provide normal value for ε and SR in pediatric age. Methods. We studied 45 healthy subjects (25 males, 20 females, mean age 11 ± 6 years, range 4-16 years). For each subject we measured regional peak systolic, early and late diastolic ε and SR. Results. Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformations were homogeneous for LV basal, mid and apical segments (peak systolic SR -1.9 ± 0.7 s-1, systolic ε -24 ± 8%). Longitudinal SR and ε values were significantly higher in the right ventricle, compared with LV walls, and were maximal in the mid part of the right ventricle free wall (peak systolic SR -3.4 ± 0.9 s-1, systolic ε -35 ± 5%). The LV systolic and diastolic SR and ε values were higher for deformations in the radial direction compared with the longitudinal direction [radial peak systolic ε 55 ± 6% vs longitudinal peak systolic ε (-)24 ± 8%, p < 0.0001; radial peak early diastolic ε (-)40 ± 15% vs longitudinal peak early diastolic ε 17.22 ± 7%, p < 0.0001; radial peak systolic SR 2.7 ± 0.5 s-1 vs longitudinal peak systolic SR (-)1.9 ± 0.7 s-1; radial peak early diastolic SR (-)6.2 ± 1.5 s-1 vs longitudinal peak early diastolic SR 2.24 ± 1.2 s-1, p < 0.0001]. Conclusions. This study provides normal values for ε/SR in the largest published series of normal healthy children using a high frame rate (≥ 200 frames/s) and a commercially available software. © 2005 CEPI Srl.
Impact of CAP direct payments on French farms’ managerial efficiency

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the relationship between CAP direct payments and managerial efficiency for French crop farms. Managerial efficiency scores are calculated using a four-step approach that allows to disentangle managerial inefficiency from other technical inefficiency components, notably what is due to unfavourable environment conditions. Then managerial efficiency scores are regressed over a set of explanatory variables, including the CAP direct payments. Our empirical application, based on individual farm data over the period 1995-2002, shows that for French crop farms, there is a strongly significant negative relationship between managerial efficiency and CAP direct payments. This indicates that French crop farms that are more supported are less efficient, conform to expectations and to empirical results obtained in other studies.
Transduction of Primitive Human Marrow and Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells With Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the capacity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to transduce primitive human myeloid progenitor cells derived from marrow and cord blood in long-term cultures and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays. Single-colony analyses showed that AAV vectors transduced CD34+ and CD34+38− clonogenic cells in long-term culture. Gene transfer was readily observed in LTC-ICs derived from 5-, 8-, and 10-week cultures. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) transduction was observed in every donor analyzed, although a wide range of gene transfer frequencies (5% to 100%) was noted. AAV transduction of LTC-ICs was stable, with week-8 and -10 LTC-ICs showing comparable or better transduction relative to week-5 LTC-ICs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses performed to determine the fate of AAV vectors in transduced cells showed that 9% to 28% of CD34+ and CD34+38− cells showed stable vector integration as evidenced by chromosome-associated signals in metaphase spreads. Comparisons of interphase and metaphase FISH suggested that a fraction of cells also contained episomal vector at early time points after transduction. Despite the apparent loss of the episomal forms with continued culture, the number of metaphases containing integrated vector genomes remained stable long term. Transgene transcription and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) expression was observed in CD34+, CD34+38−LTC-ICs in the absence of selective pressure. These results suggest that primitive myeloid progenitors are amenable to genetic modification with AAV vectors.
Studies of therapeutic protein-containing patches for ocular delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Research into thiolated chitosan hydrogel has increased over the last decade, due to its potential for use as a novel material in the design of controlled drug delivery systems. While multiple studies have been aimed towards drug release and timely degradation, limited studies have been done to investigate the enhancement of transporting anti-VEGF therapeutics from outside the eye, avoiding intravitreal injections. Hence, this report aims to demonstrate controlled and extended release of a bioactive anti-VEGF agent, such as ranibizumab, from different types of thiolated chitosan hydrogels with potential application in therapeutic mini-patches for the treatment of wet AMD. For the purposes of optimising patch design, two thiolated chitosan hydrogels, LChitosan-Cys and LChitosan-MNA respectively, have been characterised though analysis of the degree of thiolation, imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and individual swelling behaviour. Protien release profiles gathered show potential for controlling the duration and amount of release. Furthermore, hydrogel biodegradability was also examined, observing full degradation with 100% of protein release. These results, combined with the intrinsic properties of chitosan (e.g. mucoadhesion and permeation-enhancing effects) and the possibility of sustained protein release, suggest that thiolated chitosan hydrogels have promising applicability in ocular drug delivery systems.