jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High ear piercing--a dangerous craze.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ear piercing is a primitive tradition among the human being. It reflects the culture of many religions, tribes, and communities, predominately adopted by the females. We reported a sixteen years old girl with painful swelling of both pinnas for last one month following piercing the pinna. She was treated locally by general practitioner without significant improvement. On examination frank abscess were detected in both pinna. Under general anesthesia incision drainage and deep curettage was done. She was treated with ciprofloxacin 750 mg 12 hourly for 2 weeks and recovery was uneventful. After one month she developed unsightly cauliflower ear. With this report we want to sensitize our community regards the risk of transmission of needle prick diseases and deformity of pinna following ear piercing
A proposal for antiparallel acceleration of positrons using CEBAF

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here, we present a scheme for positron beam acceleration in CEBAF antiparallel to the normal electron path, requiring no change in polarity of the magnet systems. This feature is essential to the principal benefit: enabling extremely simple configuration changes between conventional (clockwise) e<sup>-</sup> acceleration and counter clockwise e<sup>+</sup> acceleration. Additionally, it appears possible to configure the accelerating cavity phases to support concurrent acceleration of the electron and positron beams. The last mode also may enable use of the higher peak current electron beam for system diagnostics. The inherent penalty of the concurrent mode in acceleration efficiency and increased energy spread may render this a commissioning-only diagnostic option, but the possibility appears worthy of consideration.
A digital model of a stream-aquifer system on the South Platte River near Sterling, Colorado

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A digital finite difference groundwater model was developed for a stream-aquifer system in northeastern Colorado. The general mathematical model and computer program used in the study were developed by the Groundwater staff at Colorado State University. The model uses a finite difference approximation of the basic non-linear equation describing transient flow in a saturated porous media. The twenty square mile study area includes a nine mile reach of the South Platte River and a portion of Prewitt Reservoir. Simulated water table elevations were compared with historic water level data for the period of November, 1969 to November, 1971. A satisfactory match of simulated and historic water table elevations was obtained for the second year of analysis. Due to inadequate data on the existing aquifer conditions near the reservoir, problems were encountered in simulating the monthly reservoir seepage. As a result, use of the model is limited to certain conditions of reservoir storage.
Measuring the perceived visual realism of images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the main goals of computer graphics research is to develop techniques for creating images that look real -- i.e., indistinguishable from photographs. Most existing work on this problem has focused on image synthesis methods, such as the simulation of the physics of light transport and the reprojection of photographic samples. However, the existing research has been conducted without a clear understanding of how it is that people determine whether an image looks real or not real. There has never been an objectively tested, operational definition of realism for images, in terms of the visual factors that comprise them. If the perceptual cues behind the assessment of realism were understood, then rendering algorithms could be developed to directly target these cues. This work
Reduced-dimensional systems and nanostructures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on an established course and covering the fundamentals, central areas and contemporary topics of this diverse field, Fundamentals of Condensed Matter Physics is a much-needed textbook for graduate students. The book begins with an introduction to the modern conceptual models of a solid from the points of view of interacting atoms and elementary excitations. It then provides students with a thorough grounding in electronic structure and many-body interactions as a starting point to understand many properties of condensed matter systems - electronic, structural, vibrational, thermal, optical, transport, magnetic and superconducting - and methods to calculate them. Taking readers through the concepts and techniques, the text gives both theoretically and experimentally inclined students the knowledge needed for research and teaching careers in this field. It features 246 illustrations, 9 tables and 100 homework problems, as well as numerous worked examples, for students to test their understanding. Solutions to the problems for instructors are available at www.cambridge.org/cohenlouie.
Table 1. Morphological comparison between Hoya pyrifolia E. F in Hoya pyrifolia (Apocynaceae), a new species from south-western Yunnan, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Table 1. Morphological comparison between Hoya pyrifolia E.F.Huang, its closest relatives and morphologically-similar species. TaxaLeafInflorescenceCoronaCalyx lobesPolliniaH. chinghungensisOvate to broadly ovate, 10-13 mm × 7-10 mm; pubescent on both surfaces when young; base rounded to truncate, apex rounded to obtuse or acuminate; midvein evident on both surfaces4-5-flowered; peduncle ca. 8 mm longRose-colored1.5-2 mm longUnknownH. dickasonianaElliptic or ovate, 9-19 mm × 5-10 mm; glabrous; base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse; midvein evident on both surfaces3-6-flowered peduncle ca. 5 mm longUnknown2-2.5 mm longOblong; ca. 1 mm long;H. englerianaNarrowly oblong, 20-25 mm × ca. 5 mm; pubescent on both surfaces when young; base cuneate, apex usually obtuse with mucro; midvein evident abaxially5-7-flowered; peduncle ca. 6 mmRose-colored1.5-2 mm longUnknownH. kingdonwardiiElliptic to slightly elliptic-lanceolate, 10-17 mm × 5-10 mm; glabrous; base cuneate and apex acuminate; midvein evident on both surfaces3-4-flowered; peduncle 7-10 mm longUnknownca. 3 mm longOblong; ca. 0.8 mm longH. lanceolataLanceolate, ca. 25 mm × 15 mm; based cuneate to narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate; sparsely pubescent on both surfaces when young; midvein evident on both surfaces;7-12-flowered; peduncle ca. 12 mmRose-coloredUnknownUnknownH. longicalyxOvate-lanceolate, 15-20 mm × ca. 10 mm; base rounded, apex acuminate; slightly pubescent; midvein depressed adaxially, raised abaxially;3-4-flowered; peduncle ca. 5 mm longWhitish5-7 mm longClavate; 0.55-0.6 mm long, narrowing towards the base;H. pyrifoliaPyriform, 10-14 mm × 4-7 mm; slightly pubescent adaxially, glabrous abaxially; base obtuse or rounded, apex rounded or truncate; midvein absent adaxially, obscure abaxially4-flowered; peduncle 8-10 mm longRose-coloredca. 4 mm longOblong; ca. 0.6 mm long
Reproductive and economic performance of local livestock in southwestern Madagascar: Potentials and constraints of a highly extensive system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the dry Mahafaly region of southwestern Madagascar, livestock keeping plays a key role in people's livelihoods. Especially zebu cattle and goats are socially important and contribute considerably to regular income of local households. We therefore analyzed the reproductive performance of local breeds along with livestock owners' culling strategies to determine herd dynamics, opportunities for economic development, as well as potential improvements, by using a combined methodical, both production-oriented and economic approach. Data was collected through interviews on the progeny history of breeding females (506 cows and 593 does) and their offspring (721 calves and 1073 kids). Based on the results, reproduction parameters were calculated and entered into the PRY Herd Life model to simulate herd development for present management (status quo) and two alternate scenarios assuming either (i) improved feeding and resulting higher productivity of breeding females or (ii) improved culling. Based on prices collected at local markets, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate annual costs and revenues from livestock keeping. Age at first parturition was 40.5 +/- 11.2 months for cattle and 213 +/- 9.8 months for goats. Females from both species showed long parturition intervals (cattle 24.2 +/- 8.7 months, goats 12.4 +/- 5.7 months) whereas reported offspring mortality was low with 2.5% of cattle and 18.8% of goats dying before reaching maturity. On the other hand, market prices, especially for zebus, were quite high, leading to annual contribution margins of 33 per cattle unit and 11 (sic) per goat unit. The simulations indicated that improved feeding could support substantial herd expansion and productive offtake rates, whereas,improved culling would stabilize livestock numbers and concomitantly increase monetary herd output. Even though the current livestock husbandry system appears profitable, it might reach its limits in the near future due to the region's restricted ecological carrying capacity. Increasing livestock offtake would allow livestock keepers to raise their economic benefit without compromising herd development or enhancing the pressure on pasture resources. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Calcium-binding protein OsANN1 regulates rice blast disease resistance by inactivating jasmonic acid signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant annexins are calcium- and lipid-binding proteins that have multiple functions; however, the biological roles of annexins in plant disease resistance remain unknown. Here, we report a rice annexin gene, OsANN1 (Rice annexin 1), that was induced by M. oryzae infection and negatively regulated blast disease resistance in rice. By yeast 2-hybrid screening, we found that OsANN1 interacted with a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, HAN1 (“HAN” termed “chilling” in Chinese), which has been reported to catalyze the conversion of biologically active jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) to the inactive form 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile. Pathogen inoculation assays revealed that HAN1 was also a negative regulator in rice blast resistance. Genetic evidence showed that OsANN1 acts upstream of HAN1. OsANN1 stabilizes HAN1 in planta, resulting in the inactivation of the endogenous biologically active JA-Ile. Taken together, our study unravels a mechanism where an OsANN1–HAN1 module impairs blast disease resistance via inactivating biologically active JA-Ile and JA signaling in rice.
Nanolaminate Plasmonic Substrates for High-Throughput Living Cell SERS Measurements and Artificial Neural Network Classification of Cellular Drug Responses

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapid in situ bio-analysis of cellular behaviors in response to external stimuli remains a formidable challenge but can open crucial opportunities in biology and medicine. The standard label-based end point assays suffer from invasiveness and complex sample handling. In this regard, label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive in situ bio-analysis technique for living cells. Nevertheless, achieving rapid in situ SERS bio-analysis still faces challenges in reliable high-throughput measurements and accurate multivariate analysis, which requires significant innovations in bio-interfaced SERS devices and machine learning (ML) methods. Here, we exploit cell-interfaced nanolaminate SERS substrates to demonstrate reliable high-throughput SERS measurements using well-studied living cancer cells with four drug dosages. Artificial neural network (ANN) for multiclass classification of cellular drug responses provides high accuracy (94%). Uniquely, nanolaminate SERS substrates with a high SERS enhancement factor (>107) can rapidly generate big SERS data sets with rich molecular information on living cells (10,000 spectra within 3 min) that can enable the utilization of data-hungry ML methods (e.g., ANN). By capturing additional hidden features in high-dimensional spectroscopic data, ANN is more powerful for multiclass classification than five other popular ML methods, including principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), classification tree (CT), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM). On the basis of the proof-of-concept demonstration using drugs on living cells, we anticipate that the nanolaminate SERS substrates can potentially monitor living cell responses to other external stimuli in a label-free and non-invasive manner.
Errata: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 2022, 24(3), p. B228-B238, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2022.3.B228-B238, Prediction of the ultra-large container ships' propulsion power at the initial design stage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Errata: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 2022, 24(3), p. B228-B238, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2022.3.B228-B238, Prediction of the ultra-large container ships' propulsion power at the initial design stage
European Union coordination of social security systems with respect to the social insurance of farmers. Selected aspects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The coordination of social security systems is one of the key issues related to implementing freedom of movement and freedom to engage in work in the European Union, and one of the most complex and technical sections of international law applied in the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS or Fund). The purpose of this study is to present how provisions related to the coordination of social security systems are implemented in practice with respect to persons who can demonstrate periods of agricultural insurance, and also to popularise the knowledge on shaping social security rights and obligations when two or more European Union states are concerned. The Agricultural Social Insurance Fund acts as a liaison body regarding benefits from the social insurance of farmers, cooperating with the relevant Polish authorities, Polish and foreign liaison bodies, and relevant authorities of the European Union, as well as the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). eywords: coordination, regulations, social security system.
Gay Globalization Via Goa in My Brother… Nikhil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

‘Gay Globalization via Goa in My Brother… Nikhil’ examines the 2005 film, which was the first to have focused on homosexuality in India. Despite this claim, the film articulates gay subjectivity as emerging from a global, rights-based perspective, it is argued. Central to this analysis of the film is its setting in Goa which is employed as a site of liminality between ‘traditional’ India and global modernity. Goa is both cleaved to and from India as a whole by casting the former’s historical regionality through a misconstrual of its religious identities, as well as through references to colonial and alleged racial difference. The film’s basis for such differentiation is considered as being in large part due to Goa’s longer colonization by the Portuguese in comparison to the reign of the British in most of the rest of India. Modernity and diaspora are also explored as key features of the representation of Goa in the film, especially as they tie in to issues of gay rights. Further, the essay scrutinizes the parallels between the title character and the real-life inspiration behind the film, the Goan AIDS activist Dominic D’souza. In concluding, it is made apparent that the film centres gay male subjectivity while relegating Goan identity to an ambivalent marginality.
Mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Highly pathogenic viruses like the H1N1 and, SARS have hit Singapore hard, causing many people to fall ill to them. Human cases of fatality have also been unfortunately reported. Utilising software provided from America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we present a review of literature of influenza modeling and discuss how the effectiveness of the 3 non- pharmaceutical interventions; school closure, usage of face mask and quarantine. One pharmaceutical mitigation strategy; vaccines was studied. We also use the relevant information for 3 viruses- a generic virus, influenza A H1N1 and an estimated influenza A H5N1 with the capability for human-human transmission for simulation to see how the mitigation strategies match up to the different characteristics of the viruses. By reviewing the results obtained, we find that none of the mitigation strategies can delay the peak of the influenza impact. The best result of mitigation is obtained when face masks are used not more than 3 days after symptoms appear and at least 74% of the population must be using it for the effectiveness of such a mitigation strategy to be sought out. School closure would be most effective if it is at least 14 days and the cumulative incidence had to be below 1% for it to be rendered as a good mitigation strategy. Quarantine was best at 15 days, however it is very disruptive to our daily living, 10 days was proposed and if more than 50% of the proposed cases are quarantined, it would be deemed as effective.
Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: role of inflammatory cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Review on the time-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells and unanswered questions regarding inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and other forms of ischemic brain injury. Experimentally and clinically, the brain responds to ischemic injury with an acute and prolonged inflammatory process, characterized by rapid activation of resident cells (mainly microglia), production of proinflammatory mediators, and infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells (including neutrophils, different subtypes of T cells, monocyte/macrophages, and other cells) into the ischemic brain tissue. These cellular events collaboratively contribute to ischemic brain injury. Despite intense investigation, there are still numerous controversies concerning the time course of the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the brain and their pathogenic roles in ischemic brain injury. In this review, we provide an overview of the time-dependent recruitment of different inflammatory cells following focal cerebral I/R. We discuss how these cells contribute to ischemic brain injury and highlight certain recent findings and currently unanswered questions about inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
POSTED OFFER MARKETS IN NEAR‐CONTINUOUS TIME: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reports an experiment conducted to evaluate a “near‐continuous” variant of the posted offer trading institution, where the number of periods in a market session is increased by reducing sharply each period’s maximum length. Experimental results suggest that although decisions in time‐truncated periods are not equivalent to periods of longer duration, extensive repetition improves considerably the drawing power of equilibrium predictions in some challenging environments. Nevertheless, significant deviations remain in the near‐continuous framework. We also observe that the extra data collected in the near‐continuous framework allow new insights into price convergence and signaling . ( JEL C92, L12, L11)
BTLA, a new inhibitory B7 family receptor with a TNFR family ligand.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), identified as an immune inhibitory receptor recently, plays widespread roles on T and B cells. Emerging evidence has generated plentiful information on the mechanisms which BTLA mediates negative regulation in immune responses and involves in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The exploration of the biological mechanisms and regulation of BTLA will open possibilities on novel therapeutic strategies in immune-related diseases.
Very low internal loss, 1.5 μm wavelength SCH-MQW InGaAsP/InP laser diodes with broadened-waveguides

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We have shown that the cladding layer free-carrier absorption is the main source of internal loss in the studied InGaAsP/InP SCH-MQW laser structures. Very low internal loss (1.3 cm/sup -1/) and low threshold current density (260 A/cm/sup 2/ for a 2 mm cavity) are obtained with the broadened-waveguide laser structure. High efficiency lasers can be made using this structure.
A Sub-Terahertz High-Speed Traveling-Wave Switch Modulator Based on Dynamically Tunable Double-Resonant Coupling Units

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High-speed direct modulation devices are of great significance for the development of high-speed communication systems with large bandwidth, miniaturization, and low complexity. However, an increase in the carrier frequency in the sub-terahertz band and above will negatively impact high-performance direct modulation devices due to the large insertion loss and low ON–OFF ratio. Based on the traveling-wave modulation mechanism, this article adopts the zero-phase-difference amplitude modulator design method. More specifically, a 1- $\mu \text{m}$ small anode Schottky diode is combined with a Z-type matching structure to form a dual-resonant coupling dynamic tunable unit. Interunit coupling is found to further improve the ON–OFF ratio. In this way, high-speed dynamic modulation is performed for the transmission traveling-wave amplitude with low insertion loss and a high ON–OFF ratio. On this basis, a 0.14-THz ON–OFF keying (OOK) high-speed traveling-wave modulator is proposed, and our results showed that a ON–OFF ratio of 25.4 dB could be achieved at the zero-phase-difference point by only using two dynamic structural units. Meanwhile, the control voltage could be adjusted to achieve high-speed modulation with a phase difference of only 3.66° during the entire control voltage transition, a data rate of 24 Gb/s, and 33.99% sidebands occupation.
Going online on behalf of others: An investigation of ‘proxy’ internet consumers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A range of Australians find themselves acting as ‘proxy internet users’ – i.e. using online services and applications on behalf of other adults who otherwise make limited use of the internet. It is rare for those adults being supported by proxies to be absolute non-users of the internet. Apart from extreme cases of physical/intellectual incapacity, most people covered by our research were making some use of the internet, if only through smartphones and Apps. Proxy internet assistance often takes place within families – notably elderly parents being helped by their adult sons and daughters. Other proxy users include people acting in a professional capacity – for example carers, social workers and other public-facing professionals who assist clients with specific online tasks.