jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the biological control of Jatropha gossypiifolia: Stomphastis sp. as a potential agent from South America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Jatropha gossypiifolia L., commonly known as bellyache bush, is a serious weed of rangelands and riparian zones of northern Australia and has been identified as a Weed of National Significance. Bellyache bush has been a target of biological control in Australia since 1997, with one agent released to date. A renewed biological control effort, involving exploration in South America identified a number of potential biological control agents, the most promising of which, a small leaf-mining moth Stomphastis sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), was imported from Peru into quarantine for further research in 2014. Newly emerged larvae mine directly into a leaf and remain there until pupation. Preliminary results suggest that Stomphastis sp. can complete development on bellyache bush and congener J. curcas L. (also a target for biological control) only. The leaf-miner has a short generation time and high fecundity, which bodes well for its future as a biological control agentfor its future as a biological control agent
Empirical evidence regarding the tension between knowledge sharing and knowledge expropriation in collaborations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Interfirm collaborations can raise a fundamental dilemma. To create value, collaborators may have to adopt a variety of practices to facilitate knowledge transfer. Deploying these practices may increase the likelihood that economically valuable knowledge, which is (1) beyond the scope of the collaboration, and (2) difficult to legally protect, is expropriated. How can firms manage this dilemma? The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the veracity of a chain of propositions addressing this dilemma based on a novel joint knowledge‐based view/transaction cost economics framework. A plausible chain of relationships is briefly summarized and explored in detail empirically using unrelated datasets. The chain links two knowledge‐based attributes of collaboration—knowledge tacitness and problem‐solving complexity—to the use of knowledge management practices—high‐bandwidth communication channels and co‐specialized communication codes. These practices are economic responses to knowledge‐sharing difficulties as measured by tacitness and complexity. Increasing knowledge transparency via knowledge management practices, however, gives rise to opportunism hazards, which are safeguarded against via economizing governance choice. Our empirical effort examines the effects that two knowledge attributes of collaborations have on governance choice, first directly and then indirectly through the intervening linkages. Empirical results from both datasets indicate substantial support for the proposed chain of relationships. The results are provocative in that they offer the first preliminary evidence for a plausible reconciliation of two perspectives previously treated exclusively as adversaries. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grism and immersion grating for space telescope

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The grism is a versatile dispersion element for an astronomical instrument ranging from ultraviolet to infrared. Major benefit of using a grism in a space application, instead of a reflection grating, is the size reduction of optical system because collimator and following optical elements could locate near by the grism. The surface relief (SR) grism is consisted a transmission grating and a prism, vertex angle of which is adjusted to redirect the diffracted beam straight along the direct vision direction at a specific order and wavelength. The volume phase holographic (VPH) grism consists a thick VPH grating sandwiched between two prisms, as specific order and wavelength is aligned the direct vision direction. The VPH grating inheres ideal diffraction efficiency on a higher dispersion application. On the other hand, the SR grating could achieve high diffraction efficiency on a lower dispersion application. Five grisms among eleven for the Faint Object Camera And Spectrograph (FOCAS) of the 8.2m Subaru Telescope with the resolving power from 250 to 3,000 are SR grisms fabricated by a replication method. Six additional grisms of FOCAS with the resolving power from 3,000 to 7,000 are VPH grisms. We propose "Quasi-Bragg grism" for a high dispersion spectroscopy with wide wavelength range. The germanium immersion grating for instance could reduce 1/64 as the total volume of a spectrograph with a conventional reflection grating since refractive index of germanium is over 4.0 from 1.6 to 20 μm. The prototype immersion gratings for the mid-InfraRed High dispersion Spectrograph (IRHS) are successfully fabricated by a nano-precision machine and grinding cup of cast iron with electrolytic dressing method.
Reply: Survival in Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors would like to thank Giuffrida and colleagues for their interest in our manuscript, ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Small Bowel Cancer: A binational population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden’.1 2 In contrast to previous studies focused on small bowel adenocarcinoma death with short follow-up time, we provide an age-adjusted composite risk of death due to multiple small bowel cancer subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumours and sarcoma, with over 20 years of follow-up.3–6 We adjusted for cancer heredity and in sensitivity analyses, excluded patients with coeliac disease in …
Learning Media of Sundanese Traditional Games in Early Childhood Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the views of teachers, principals, and school owners regarding the urgency of utilizing the richness of traditional Sundanese games as learning media for early childhood education, as well as their implementation in the curriculum. It also analyzes and synthesizes various learning media based on traditional Sundanese games developed by teachers, which are relevant for learning in early childhood for 4 to 6 years. The quantitative descriptive method is used to answer the problem formulation regarding the urgency and implementation of children’s traditional games as learning media for Early Childhood Education (ECE). Data were collected by indirect interviews using a questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. The result showed that the teachers, principals, and school owners value the use of traditional games in ECE learning. These games are important to be explored and used as learning media to improve and strengthen students’ character. Furthermore, it is remarkable that some teachers have also created new games based on existing traditional games
Mechanism of blood brain barrier damage in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD) is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment, affecting all levels of the cerebral vascular system. It mainly affects the structure and function of arterioles and capillaries, resulting in the decrease of cerebral perfusion. Due to the aging of the population, the incidence of CSVD is increasing, but the root cause of CSVD is not completely clear. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed that the destruction of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important feature of CSVD. In physiological state, the main function of BBB is to establish a controlled environment to maintain relatively constant levels of hormones and nutrients in the brain. At the same time, BBB can also block or defend against the invasion of brain toxins or pathogens that may be caused by circulation, so BBB is an important anatomical and biochemical barrier of the central nervous system. This review focuses on the main role and potential mechanism of tight junction (TJ) of BBB in cerebral microvascular disease.
Correlation of aortic wall shear stress with MMP-9 levels in human abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, there is no truly reliable way to evaluate the susceptibility of particular abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) to rupture. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of AAA, a correlation of aortic blood flow with intraluminal thrombus (ILT) and aortic wall composition might vastly improve understanding the development, growth and rupture of AAA. We numerically simulated aortic blood flow in non-ruptured AAA, from this; high and low wall shear stress (WSS) were identified as well as thickness of ILT. Multiple sites of tissue of electively repaired AAA was harvested to analyze inflammatory cells, collagen, elastin content and MMP-9 levels. We showed that there is significant variability of MMP-9 content throughout AAA, and that areas of thick ILT had higher levels of MMP-9 and were associated with lower velocity and recirculation. This variability in proteolytic enzymes in AAA has never been shown before. This is a stepping stone in fully elucidating the pathogenesis and rupture of AAA. This information may lead to better medical targets or management of AAA in patients.
Environmentally Friendly Cross-Linked Antifouling Coatings Based on Dual Antimicrobial Action

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of environmentally friendly antimicrobial polymeric coatings, especially in the case of aquaculture, that inhibit the growth of bio-deposits is a very important issue that will contribute to the cost reduction of nets’ cleaning process as well as the protection of the submarine wealth from the biostatic substances used so far. In the present work, the antimicrobial polymers P(SSAmC16-co-VBCHAMx) and the terpolymer P(SSAmC16w-co-VBCHAMx-co-GMAy) were synthesized, bearing quaternary ammonium compounds, electrostatically bound and covalently attached at the same polymer chain. The combination of the two types is of particular importance, as it can provide effective antimicrobial polymeric materials with self-polishing capabilities as a result of the released nature of the antimicrobial, in combination with the permanent local action of the immobilized species. The cross-linking reaction of the terpolymer P(SSAmC16w-co-VBCHAMx-co-GMAy) with the homopolymer polyacrylic acid (PAA) was tested at 120 °C in terms of the equivalent ratio between epoxy and carboxyl groups. The synthesized polymers were further used for the coating of aquaculture nets and tested in terms of antifouling efficiency in lab and scale-up conditions. Uncoated nets were also used in all applications for comparison reasons. The coated nets performed efficiently for 35 days in lab-scale and 66 days in scale-up conditions, showing a high antifouling activity in both fields compared to the uncoated nets.
Nowe dane o rozmieszczeniu pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) w Sudetach Zachodnich / New data on the distribution of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Western Sudetes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A list of true-bug species collected in Western Sudetes with 26 species new to the fauna of this region is given. The occurrence in Poland of the rarest of them is discussed. The paper also presents the history of research in this zoogeographical region of Poland. An attempt was also made to estimate the number of true bug species inhabiting the Western Sudetes.
Mandibular odontogenic keratocyst: A case report of 35 years old male

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The objective of this survey is to assess the incidence of root canal treatment in specific teeth and its association with the patient's gender and age. A popular dental operation called root canal therapy (RCT) is used to preserve teeth with damaged or infected pulp. Anterior and posterior teeth have different incidences of RCT due to variations in tooth structure, function, and decay susceptibility. Age and gender can also have an impact on the requirement for RCT, which emphasises how crucial it is to comprehend these trends for improved clinical care. The data for the present study was retrieved from the records of the dental department. Data of 2275 patients, out of which 797 were males and 1478 were females. The inclusion criteria for this study consisted of data from patients with teeth that had undergone endodontic treatment. Data collected included age, gender, and the specific tooth number that received endodontic treatment. Data was analyzed using a computer software program, SPSS 20. In this study, the majority of patients receiving endodontic treatment were between the ages of 31 to 40, accounting for 36% of the cases. The mandibular first molar was the most commonly treated tooth for root canal procedures, followed by the mandibular second molar. When gender and tooth count were correlated, the mandibular first molar underwent root canal therapy the most frequently in both genders. The majority of patients getting root canal therapy were females, with mandibular first molars being the most common teeth for both genders.
The Principal Entrepreneurial Competence and Teachers' Role Influence on the Green-Clean-Creative School Program Success at State Elementary Schools in Kebayoran Lama Sub-district

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Principals and teachers have a role and a close relationship in achieving the success of program in schools. In this case, the principals' entrepreneurial competence and the teachers' role have a major role in the success of the school programs. This study aimed to obtain information about the principal entrepreneurial competence influence, the teacher's role influence, and the principal entrepreneurial competence and the teacher's role influence on the success of the “Green-Clean-Creative School” program. This research was conducted at public elementary schools in the Kebayoran Lama Sub-district. The method used was quantitative research. The data collection techniques were a questionnaire method, observation sheets, and documentation. The research samples were 11 principals of public elementary schools and 55 teachers of public elementary schools in the Kebayoran Lama Sub-district. The data analysis method in this study employed Pearson Product Moment correlation test on validity test, Alpha Cronbach test on reliability test, and Spearman Rank correlation test on hypothesis testing. The results found a significant influence between the principal's entrepreneurial competence and the teacher's role in the success of the Green-Clean-Creative School program because the F-count was 57.352 which was greater than the F-table (4.26). The test results also showed that the significance value of the F-test was 0.000 which was smaller than the specified probability α, i.e., 0.000 0.05. Thus, it can be synthesized that the principal's entrepreneurial competence and the teacher's role had a significant effect on the Green-Clean-Creative program success at state elementary schools in the Kebayoran Lama Sub-district.
Mechanical behavior of steel-concrete composite decks with perfobond shear connectors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Exodermic deck systems are new composite steel grid deck systems which have been used in various projects during the past decade. One of the eminent features of this system is considerable reduction in the structure weight compared to the ordinary reinforced concrete decks and also reduction in construction time by using precast Exodermic decks. In this study, dynamic properties of the Exodermic deck bridges with alternative perfobond shear connectors are investigated experimentally. In order to evaluate the dynamic properties of the decks, peak picking and Nyquist circle fit methods are employed. Frequencies obtained experimentally are in good agreement with the results of the finite-element solution, and the experimental results show that the first mode is the most effective mode among the obtained modes. The first four modes are the rigid translational motion modes, and the next two modes seem to be rigid rotational motion modes around a horizontal axis. From the 7th mode onwards, modes are flexible. The range of damping ratios is about 0.5%. Furthermore, the static behavior of the Exodermic decks under a static load applied at the center of the decks was investigated. Failure of the decks under positive bending was punching-shear. The bending strength of the decks under negative bending was about 50 percent of their strength under positive bending. In addition, the weight of an Exodermic deck is about 40% of that of an equivalent reinforced concrete slab.
P38 Budesonide use results in less weight gain than prednisolone during the management of autoimmune hepatitis; results from long term follow up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The survival benefit of corticosteroid therapy in the management of autoimmune hepatitis has been shown in multiple studies. Prednisolone, historically the steroid of choice has an unfavourable systemic side effect profile with Budesonide now utilised as an alternative option. Undergoing 90% first pass metabolism it is appropriate for use in non-cirrhotic patients. While comparison trials have demonstrated a reduced side effect profile with Budesonide longer term effects on weight are not known. A retrospective chart review of patients with a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis from five hospitals in the West of Scotland was performed. Data was accessed via electronic health records or when preceding this, historic case notes. Patients cirrhotic at diagnosis or diagnosed as a child were excluded as were those not treated with steroid or who had received both Budesonide and Prednisolone. BMI, diabetic status and biochemistry was measured at three time points- prior to steroid, end of steroid therapy and most recent contact. 355 patients were identified with 120 exclude (98 cirrhotic at diagnosis, 14 paediatric at diagnosis and 8 having received both forms of corticosteroids). Of 110 patients reviewed to date 39/110 (35.4%) received Budesonide and 71/110 (64.6%) Prednisolone. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups with mean age (57.5 v 52.8 p=0.11), BMI at diagnosis (27.1 vs 28.7 p=0.22) and diabetes at diagnosis (1/39 vs 5/71 p=0.42). Median follow up was 49 months. At the end of steroid therapy, a significant increase in BMI was noted in the Prednisolone group (δmean 1.49 (±2.63)) vs Budesonide group (δmean 0.34 ±2.66) p=0.03. At the end of follow up the increase in BMI in the Prednisolone group appeared to be maintained though this change did not reach significance (δmean 1.20 (±4.20)) vs δmean -0.25 (±3.60)). In the Prednisolone group there were 2/71 new diagnoses of diabetes and 2/5 of those with previous diagnosis of diabetes required escalated therapy. No new diagnosis of diabetes was made in the Budesonide group and no changes of treatment in those with previous diagnosis. In this retrospective cohort study, Budesonide appears preferable to Prednisolone with respect to side effect profile with less weight gain at the end of treatment, a difference that may be maintained longer term (though this finding did not reach significance).
Association between adoption of beneficiary and non-beneficiary respondents of mothbean production technolgy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data was collected by personal interview in relation to frontline demonstrations conducted in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Analysis of results by different statical methods revealed that there was significant association between different variables viz., age, education and income with extent of adoption of beneficiary, non-beneficiary and overall respondents but not related to size of land holding and social involvement.
Comparative Analysis of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions of Casting Materials Measured in Analytical Pyrolysis and Conventional Metal Pouring Emission Tests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Demonstration-scale metal pouring emission tests and bench-scale Curie-point pyrolysis emission tests were conducted to identify and quantify the hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions of five kinds of casting materials, namely, bituminous coal, cellulose, conventional phenolic urethane binder (PUB), naphthalene-depleted PUB, and a collagen-based binder. For a given casting material, the major HAP species generated in Curie-point pyrolysis were essentially the same as those generated in demonstration-scale metal pouring. The 8-10 HAP species identified in the Curie-point pyrolysis tests comprised 65-98% (by weight) of the total HAP emissions quantified in the demonstration-scale pouring emission tests. Furthermore, with these two protocols, we appraised the relative emission changes that would be associated with (a) replacing conventional PUB with collagen-based binder, (b) replacing conventional PUB with naphthalene-depleted PUB, and (c) replacing bituminous coal with cellulose for making sand molds or cores in the casting process. The relative emission changes associated with the use of alternative casting materials exhibited similar trends for most of the major HAP species in the demonstration-scale pouring and Curie-point pyrolysis emission tests. The results indicated that Curie-point pyrolysis emission test could be employed as a convenient and cost-effective screening tool to identify the major HAP species and to compare the relative HAP emission levels for various casting materials.
One size doesn't fit all: How construal fit determines the effectiveness of organizational brand communication

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

While increasing the organizational identification of employees has been described as the ultimate goal of internal marketing and internal branding, one of its most common practices is to communicate organizational values both internally and externally. However, very little is known about the relative effectiveness of different types of organizational brand communication. Drawing from construal level theory, the current research investigates whether the degree of construal fit, defined as the extent to which the construal of communication matches an employee’s construal of headquarters, determines the relative impact of organizational brand communication. A series of studies consisting of two cross-industrial multilevel field studies and a lab experiment provide evidence that organizational brand communication with low-level (high-level) construal is more effective to target employees with low (high) social distance to headquarters. These findings suggest that construal fit qualifies the effectiveness of organizational communication.