jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alternatively Spliced Landscape of PPARγ mRNA in Podocytes Is Distinct from Adipose Tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells, and their structural and functional integrity is compromised in a majority of glomerular and renal diseases, leading to proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure. Traditional agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) and selective modulators (e.g., GQ-16) of peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) reduce proteinuria in animal models of glomerular disease and protect podocytes from injury via PPARγ activation. This indicates a pivotal role for PPARγ in maintaining glomerular function through preservation of podocytes distinct from its well-understood role in driving insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. While its transcriptional role in activating adipokines and adipogenic genes is well-established in adipose tissue, liver and muscle, understanding of podocyte PPARγ signaling remains limited. We performed a comprehensive analysis of PPARγ mRNA variants due to alternative splicing, in human podocytes and compared with adipose tissue. We found that podocytes express the ubiquitous PPARγ Var 1 (encoding γ1) and not Var2 (encoding γ2), which is mostly restricted to adipose tissue and liver. Additionally, we detected expression at very low level of Var4, and barely detectable levels of other variants, Var3, Var11, VartORF4 and Var9, in podocytes. Furthermore, a distinct podocyte vs. adipocyte PPAR-promoter-response-element containing gene expression, enrichment and pathway signature was observed, suggesting differential regulation by podocyte specific PPARγ1 variant, distinct from the adipocyte-specific γ2 variant. In summary, podocytes and glomeruli express several PPARγ variants, including Var1 (γ1) and excluding adipocyte-specific Var2 (γ2), which may have implications in podocyte specific signaling and pathophysiology. This suggests that that new selective PPARγ modulators can be potentially developed that will be able to distinguish between the two forms, γ1 and γ2, thus forming a basis of novel targeted therapeutic avenues.
A Politics of Understanding: The International Thought of Raymond Aron

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Frequently hailed as one of the greatest defenders of democratic liberalism in postwar Europe, French philosopher, sociologist, and political commentator Raymond Aron (1905-1983) left behind a staggering amount of published work on a remarkably wide range of topics both scholarly and popular. In A Politics of Understanding, Reed M. Davis assesses the originality and consistency of Aron's body of work, drawing a connection between Aron's philosophy of history and three of his abiding interests: the nature of industrial society, international relations theory, and strategic theory." "Davis begins with a brief biography of Aron, known for his skepticism toward political ideologies in the post-World War II era and as an intellectual opponent of Jean-Paul Sartre. After spending three years in Germany in the early 1930s, Aron, a Jew, returned to France in 1933. When war broke out, he fought for a year in the French army and, after the fall of France, escaped to London, where he edited the newspaper of the Free French, La France Libre. He returned to Paris after the war and remained there for the rest of his life, working as a professor and journalist. He wrote an influential political column for Le Figaro for thirty years and authored many books, including The Opium of the Intellectuals (1935), The Algerian Tragedy (1957), and Peace and War (1962)." "From World War II onward, Davis shows, Aron sought to construct a science of human action that had as its goal charting the way of human progress in light of two fundamental realities, industrialization and the existence of nuclear weapons. Throughout his long career, he continually asked himself whether human life was becoming better as it became more technologically rationalized and more scientifically advanced. In his close analysis of Aron's thought, Davis carefully describes how Aron fused Max Weber's neo-Kantianism with Edmund Husserl's phenomenology to create an original theory of historical knowledge."
Impact of cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone on the corrosion of mild steel in an acidic medium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The present work highlights the impact of cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (CT) as a corrosion inhibitor (CI) on the deterioration of mild steel (MS) in 1M and 15% HCl. The synthesis of CT was accomplished with the help of cinnamaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide using Schiff-base chemistry, and the product's structure was verified by 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. The anti-corrosion performance of CT was performed on the MS using gravimetric methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization studies (PDP). The experimental results of the CT molecule's adsorption on an MS surface in 1M and 15% HCl align with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The gravimetric analysis confirmed that the developed CT exhibited 95.02% (using 1mM of CT) and 96.65% (using 4mM of CT) corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) in 1M and 15% aqueous HCl at 303K, respectively. But at 343K, in 1M and 15% HCl, the anti-corrosion performance of CT on MS was reduced to 86.74% and 92.50%, respectively.
Factors associated with urinary incontinence in volleyball athletes: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article has the purpose of identify the factors associated with the occurrence of urinary incontinence (UI) among volleyball athletes. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with female athletes of court volleyball. An interview was conducted to identify the factors associated with UI. The presence of urinary loss was identified using the Urinary Distress Inventory 6 (UDI-6). The associated factors found were divided into those related to sociodemographic (education and marital status), behavioral (constipation occurrence), obstetric (previous pregnancies), hereditary (skin color), and sports practice variables (sports level, volleyball position, time of sports practice in years, physical and tactical training routine, and daily water intake). The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression model were used. This study included 83 volleyball athletes with a mean age of 26.6 (± 7.2) years. It was found that 25.3% of the volleyball athletes presented UI and those that reported symptoms of constipation were 10 times more likely to develop UI than those without constipation. Women who practice high-impact sports in a professional manner, such as volleyball, should be aware of the symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, since they will be predisposed to urine leakage. The finding that a considerable number of athletes report UI and that long-term sports practice exposes athletes to a higher risk of UI indicates that pelvic exercises should be proposed in order to reduce these symptoms.
Alcoholism and alienation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Dean's alienation scale was administered to comparable samples of alcoholic and normal males and females in groups of 10 to 12. Alcoholics not only evidenced significantly greater overall alienation than normals, but also demonstrated greater specific alienation, namely social isolation, powerlessness and normlessness. Furthermore, the degree of specific alienation reported by alcoholics, but not by normals, differed significantly. Social isolation reflected the greatest amount of alienation, then powerlessness, and normlessness revealed the least. Sex differences were found for the alcoholic sample, but not for the normals in terms of the specific forms of alienation, although not for overall alienation. In each of these instances, males expressed more alienation than females. The meaning of the results was discussed in view of both the etiology and treatment of alcoholism.
EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA PRURIGINOSA, A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (EBP) is a rare clinical subtype of inherited Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (EBD). It is characterized by severe itching and hypertrophic papules affecting the extensor surfaces of the extremities. Materials and methods: We present a 48 years old woman complaining about intense itching and plaques on the shins, started after mosquito bites. The patient was diagnosed with EBD, by electronic microscopy at the age of 32, because of blisters and painful erosions of the skin, appearing after trauma since birth. She has a daughter with the same skin disease. Results: Pathological skin changes were presented by excoriated erythematous papules and plaques on the lower 2/3 part of the shins. Erythemato-crustous lesions, atrophic scars, hypopigmented macules and milia in the elbows and knees were revealed. Severe toes nail dystrophy was found. The mucous membrane found no pathological changes. The complete blood count and biochemistry were in normal ranges. The microbiological examination found Staphylococcus aureus. The genealogical analysis revealed autosomal-dominant inheritance of the disease. The histopathological examination revealed a large subepidermal blister. On the basis of medical history, status and the results of histopathological and electronic microscopy examinations, the diagnosis EBP was confirmed. Treatment with desloratadine, emollients and topical corticosteroids was started. The patient is being followed up. Conclusion: We presented a rare case of EBP with autosomal-dominant inheritance in a 48 years old woman with the beginning of the pruritus and aggravation of clinical manifestation of the disease after mosquito bites.
A Redox-Driven Fluorescence “Off–On” Molecular Switch Based on a 1,1′-Unsymmetrically Substituted Ferrocenyl Coumarin System: Mimicking Combinational Logic Operation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A unique electrochemical- and fluorescence-active molecular switch based on a 1,1′-unsymmetrically substituted ferrocenyl coumarin system has been developed. Upon chemical oxidation of the ferrocene moiety with Fe(ClO4)3, the present system displays high fluorescence output through an inhibited photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process and also exhibits slight diminution of emission intensity upon the addition of Hg2+. The feasibility of the PET process was further verified by the Weller equation and DFT studies, which indicate that oxidation of ferrocene units in 5 depletes electron population from the HOMO of central ferrocene, and thus the PET process is forbidden and re-emergence of fluorescence is observed. Theoretical studies further revealed that charge transfer in the excited state from coumarin-centered orbitals (LUMO+1) to mercury-centered empty orbitals (LUMO) may be attributed to fluorescence quenching upon addition of Hg2+ ion. The unprecedented combination of Fe3+ ion, Hg2+ ion, and sodium l-ascorbate (LAS) has been used to generate a molecular system exhibiting combinational INHIBIT logic operation.
The incorporation of GeoGebra as a visualisation tool to teach calculus in teacher education institutions: the Zambian case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative case study investigated teacher educators’ (lecturers) use of the dynamic mathematics software, GeoGebra, to teach calculus in three teacher education institutions (TEIs) in Zambia. Visualisation, a key characteristic of GeoGebra, is increasingly gaining recognition of playing a critical role in mathematics teaching and learning, especially in problem solving tasks. It is considered a powerful didactical tool for students to construct mental and physical representations that can enhance conceptual understanding of mathematics. GeoGebra is a visualisation tool that can be used for problem-oriented teaching and foster mathematical experiments and discoveries. GeoGebra’s inherent visualisation characteristics align well with the teaching of calculus, the mathematical domain of this study. The study (whose research methodology was underpinned by the interpretive paradigm) was undertaken with a broader goal of designing and implementing GeoGebra applets and instructional materials on various calculus topics. The study is located within the “Teaching and Learning Mathematics with GeoGebra (TLMG) project” – a project that involves mathematics teachers and lecturers in Zambia. The case in this study is the six mathematics lecturers who co-designed and used GeoGebra applets to teach derivatives and integrals to pre-service mathematics teachers in TEIs. The unit of analysis therefore is the six lecturers’ use of GeoGebra as a visualisation tool to teach calculus to enhance conceptual understanding, their perceptions and experiences of using GeoGebra and the enabling and constraining factors of using GeoGebra to teach and learn mathematics. The data for the study were video recordings of observations and interviews of lecturers. The data was analysed thematically and was guided and informed by an analytical framework adopted from the theory of constructivism – the umbrella theoretical framework of this study – and the models of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A detailed analysis of the lecturers’ interactions with the applets enabled me to gain insights into the participants’ experiences and perceptions of GeoGebra applets in the teaching and learning process. The findings of the study revealed that the visualisation characteristics of GeoGebra generally enhanced the conceptual understanding of calculus. It also revealed that adequate training, coupled with sufficient knowledge of the subject matter in calculus, were necessary for lecturers to use GeoGebra effectively, and that the lack of resources and expertise were major hindrances in the use of GeoGebra to teach mathematics in TEIs. It also revealed that there is a need to equip GeoGebra with other features that would make it more versatile, and suggested a teaching approach that would complement the use of conventional methods and GeoGebra to provide a link between abstract and concrete concepts of calculus.
DIGITAL MARKETING TO CUSTOMER VALUE AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT IN REPEAT PURCHASE ON THE MARKETPLACE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Digital marketing is the use of electronic media by marketers to promote products or services to the market. With the popularity of broadband Internet and the rapid development of network technology in recent years, traditional marketing has also gradually shifted to digital marketing. Likewise, consumers have started to look and be interested and switch to the marketplace. This study examines the influence of digital marketing on the marketplace. In digital marketing activities, of course, it cannot be separated from the exchange of consumer values (customer value) and the formation of engagement (customer engagement). This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 200 people who made repeated purchases at the marketplace in Riau Province. The results of the observations will be analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. The results of the analysis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) conclude that digital marketing has a direct influence on customer value and customer engagement in the marketplace. Customer value and customer engagement have a direct influence on repeat purchases in the marketplace. And digital marketing has an indirect influence on repeat purchases through customer value and customer engagement in the marketplace.
Proximate and Mineral Composition of Nsala Bakala (Dracaena camerooniana Baker) Leaves, Stems and Roots from Nzenze Forest in Uíge Province, Angola

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present work was to perform nutritional analysis of Dracaena camerooniana Baker. Nutrient determination was carried out according to standard methods. The nutritional profile of the leaves, roots and stems of D. camerooniana showed that these organs are rich in fibre (14.20-53.65%), proteins (4.47-18.58%), lipids (1.53-5.42%) carbohydrates (23.67-70.94%), ash (2.17-15.59%) and mineral elements, namely, K (535.07-1690.00 mg/100 g), Ca (315.87-1459.97 mg/100 g), Mg (95.41-498.83 mg/100 g), P (76.72-149.56 mg/100 g), Na (105.83-113.60 mg/100 g), Se (75.87-128.51 mg/100 g), Fe (40.88-228.30 mg/100 g), Mn (7.41-11.39 mg/100 g), Zn (2.94-5.83 g/100 g), Cu (2.30-2.80 mg/100 g), and Co (0.65-2.80 mg/100 g) The different levels of nutrient contents observed in the analyzed organs of D. camerooniana would be attributed to the accumulative capacities of the plant organs. It is therefore recommended (desirable) that further studies be conducted to determine the content of anti-nutritional factors in this plant on the one hand and to evaluate its pharmaco-biological properties on the other. Domestication of the plant should be done to ensure its conservation with the support of local farmers. Thus, the use of biotechnology would allow the availability of healthy plant material for both present and future generations.
Visual Servoing Sequencing Able to Avoid Obstacles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — Classical visual servoing approaches tend to constrain all degrees of freedom (DOF) of the robot during the execution of a task. In this article a new approach is proposed. The key idea is to control the robot with a very under-constrained task when it is far from the desired position, and to incrementally constrain the global task by adding further tasks as the robot moves closer to the goal. As long as they are sufficient, the remaining DOF are used to avoid undesirable configurations, such as joint limits. Closer from the goal, when not enough DOF remain available for avoidance, an execution controller selects a task to be temporary removed from the applied tasks. The released DOF can then be used for the joint limits avoidance. A complete solution to implement this general idea is proposed. Experiments that prove the validity of the approach are also provided. I.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Household Income, and Mentorship Among Interns Who Are Underrepresented in Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Underrepresented in medicine (UIM) interns have unique lived experiences that affect their paths to medicine, and more information is needed for medical residency and fellowship programs to better support them. Objective We describe self-reported differences between UIM and White physician interns in key demographic areas, including household income growing up, physician mentorship, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Methods Between 2019 and 2021, we administered a diversity survey to incoming medical interns at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. Response rates across the 3 years were 51.2% (167 of 326), 93.9% (310 of 330), and 98.9% (354 of 358), respectively. We conducted analyses to compare UIM and White groups across demographic variables of interest. Results A total of 831 of 1014 interns (81.9%) completed the survey. Relative to White interns, UIM interns had lower household incomes growing up, lower rates of mentorship, and higher rates of experiencing 4 or more ACEs. The odds of experiencing the cumulative burden of having a childhood household income of $29,999 or less, no physician mentor, and 4 or more ACEs was approximately 10 times higher among UIM (6.41%) than White (0.66%) interns (OR=10.38, 95% CI 1.97-54.55). Conclusions Childhood household income, prior mentorship experiences, and number of ACEs differed between UIM and White interns.
History of electric light, by Henry Schroeder.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

1800-Allesandro Volta demonstrated his discovery that electricity can be generated by chemical means.The Volt, the unit of electric pressure, is named in his honor for this discovery of the electric battery.1802-Sir Humphry Davy demonstrated that electric current can heat carbon and strips of metal to incandescence and give light.1809-Sir Humphry Davy demonstrated that current will give a bril- liant flame between the ends of two carbon pencils which are first allowed to touch each other and then pulled apart.This light he called the '' arc " on account of its arch shape. 1820-Andre Marie Ampere discovered that current flowing through a coiled wire gives it the properties of a magnet.The Ampere, the unit of flow of electric current, is named in his honor for this discovery.1825 -Georg Simon Ohm discovered the relation between the voltage, ampereage and resistance in an electric circuit, which is called Ohm's Law.The Ohm, the unit of electric resis- tance, is named in his honor for this discovery.183 1 -Michael Faraday discovered that electricity can be generated by moving a wire in the neighborhood of a magnet, the principle of the dynamo.1840-Sir William Robert Grove demonstrated his experimental incandescent lamp in which platinum is made incandescent by current flowing" through it.1841 -Frederick De Moleyns obtained the first patent on an incan- descent lamp.The burner was powdered charcoal operating in an exhausted glass globe.1845 -Thomas Wright obtained the first patent on an arc light. 1845-J-W.Starr invented an incandescent lamp consisting of a carbon pencil operating in the vacuum above a column of mercury.1856 -Joseph Lacassagne and Henry Thiers invented the " differen- tial " method of control of the arc which was universally used twenty years later when the arc lamp was commercially established.
Electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ induces feeding and drinking in satiated rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The subfornical organ (SFO), a circumventricular structure which lacks the normal blood brain barrier has been shown to play a key role in body fluid homeostasis. A role for the SFO in sensing circulating satiety signals has been suggested by electrophysiological studies demonstrating that anorexigenic (leptin and amylin) and orexigenic (ghrelin) satiety signals influence the excitability of separate populations of SFO neurons. The present study examined whether electrical stimulation of the SFO influenced feeding in satiated rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats implanted with concentric bipolar SFO stimulating electrodes received 5 min electrical (100 or 200μA) or sham stimulation and food and water intake measured. Once animals had undergone both electrical and sham stimulation protocols the brain was removed to confirm the location of the stimulating electrode. SFO stimulation (100μA) elicited drinking in 5/6 animals tested (latency to drink: 6.2±2.6 min) but did not elicit eating. Higher stimulation intensities (200μA) elicited eating in all animals tested (food consumption: 0.6 ± 0.12g/100g body weight, n=6) with a mean latency to eat of 8.0 ± 4.0 min and elicited drinking in 5/6 animals (latency to drink: 15.2±2.6 min.) Sham SFO stimulation or stimulation (200μA) in non‐SFO sites (n=6) did not elicit feeding or drinking. The results of the present study showing that SFO stimulation induces feeding in satiated rats, lends support for a role for the SFO as an integrator of circulating peptides that regulate feeding. Supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research