jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plücker’s relations and the electromagnetic field

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Every two-dimensional parallelogram in three dimensions casts three parallelogram-shaped shadows onto the three coordinate planes; the signed areas of these shadows are real numbers. Conversely, every set of three real numbers can always be identified with the signed areas of parallelogram-shaped shadows of some one parallelogram. It is never necessary in three dimensions to invoke more than one parallelogram for this purpose. In higher dimensions, however, this converse is not true; to be the signed volumes of the p-dimensional shadows of some one p-dimensional parallelopiped in n dimensions, a set of numbers must satisfy several quadratic equations known collectively as Plücker’s relations. When the six electromagnetic field components (three electric, three magnetic) are viewed as signed areas of the shadows of a parallelogram in space time, all inertial observers must agree on the number of parallelogram. Plücker’s relations applied to these six numbers must, therefore, produce relativistic invariants.
A bootstrapping method to optimize go/no‐go decisions from single‐arm, signal‐finding studies in oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Phase Ib trials are common in oncology development but often are not powered for statistical significance. Go/no‐go decisions are largely driven by observed trends in response data. We applied a bootstrapping method to systematically compare tumor dynamic end points to historical control data to identify drugs with clinically meaningful efficacy. A proprietary mathematical model calibrated to phase Ib anti–PD‐1 therapy trial data (KEYNOTE‐001) was used to simulate thousands of phase Ib trials ( n = 30) with a combination of anti–PD‐1 therapy and four novel agents with varying efficacy. A redacted bootstrapping method compared these results to a simulated phase III control arm ( N = 511) while adjusting for differences in trial duration and cohort size to determine the probability that the novel agent provides clinically meaningful efficacy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed strong ability to separate drugs with modest (area under ROC [AUROC] = 83%), moderate (AUROC = 96%), and considerable efficacy (AUROC = 99%) from placebo in early‐phase trials ( n = 30). The method was shown to effectively move drugs with a range of efficacy through an in silico pipeline with an overall success rate of 93% and false‐positive rate of 7.5% from phase I to phase III. This model allows for effective comparisons of tumor dynamics from early clinical trials with more mature historical control data and provides a framework to predict drug efficacy in early‐phase trials. We suggest this method should be employed to improve decision making in early oncology trials.
[Lipid composition and phospholipase A2 activity in rat placental cell membranes in hypoxic states].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When in the hypoxic pressure chamber and under high-altitude conditions, rats showed changes in the lipid profile of plasma membranes and in the activity of placental phospholipase A2. More profound changes occurred in the placental membranes of the rats staying under hypoxic conditions during placentation. Placental plasma membranes in the animals exposed to hypoxia in the second gestational half were more stable, their lipid composition was less altered.
Experimental and mathematical study of the discontinuous drying

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present work a set of experimental continuous and discontinuous pear drying procedures was ana- lysed. The results were compared with the Fick’s diffusion model assuming a convective boundary con- dition enabling the determination of an effective diffusion coefficient and of the mass transfer coefficient on the product’s surface. A good agreement was observed between modelling and experimental data. As a consequence, it is also shown that the adoption of an evaporative condition on the surface is physically more consistent than the hypothesis of imposed equilibrium concentration on the surface at any instant, which is very often adopted in many works on drying kinetics of biological products. The solutions of the Fick’s diffusion equations were used to model the discontinuous drying procedure and it was shown that it is possible to develop an energy savings strategy in this type of processes. In particular, it is demon- strated that an increase of the number of pauses can lead to significant energy savings and that drying with solar energy, which is inherently discontinuous, is an effective method for this type of processes.
Murder at Small Koppie: The real story of the Marikana Massacre

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The killing of thirty-four miners by police at Marikana in August 2012 was the largest massacre of civilians in South Africa since Sharpeville. The events have been covered in newspaper articles, on TV news and in a commission of inquiry, but there is still confusion about what happened on that fateful day. In Murder at Small Koppie, renowned photojournalist Greg Marinovich explores the truth behind the Marikana massacre. He investigates the shootings near Wonderkop hill, which happened in view of the media, as well as the killings that happened beyond the view of cameras at a nondescript collection of boulders known as Small Koppie, some 300 metres away. Many of the men killed here were shot in cold blood at close range. Drawing on his own meticulous research, eyewitness accounts and the findings of the Marikana Commission of Inquiry, Marinovich accurately reconstructs that fateful day as well as the events leading up to the strike, and looks at the subsequent denials, obfuscation and buck-passing by Lonmin, the SAPS and the government. This is the definitive account of the Marikana massacre from the journalist whose award-winning investigation into the tragedy has been called the most important piece of South African journalism since apartheid.
Wet litter not only induces footpad dermatitis but also reduces overall welfare, technical performance and carcass yields in broiler chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated whether a high level of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens induced by increased litter moisture content is accompanied by negative effects on technical performance, carcass yield, and other welfare aspects. Litter moisture content was increased by systematically spraying water over the litter from 6 d of age onward (lesion-induction treatment). Results were compared with a control group kept on relatively good quality litter and having a very low prevalence of footpad lesions. Litter quality significantly decreased from 7 d of age onward in the pens with the lesion-induction treatment compared with the control pens. At 21 and 36 d of age, significantly more FPD was observed in the lesion-induction groups compared with the control groups. Technical performance of the broilers was negatively affected for the lesion-induction groups from 28 d of age onward; lesion-induction groups had significantly lower BW gain, feed intake, and water intake and significantly higher FCR compared with control groups. As a result of the lower BW gain, carcass weight was less for the lesion-induction group and significantly more rejections for commercial parts were found. The lesion-induction groups also had significantly more hock burns and breast irritations at d 21 and 36, and were dirtier but had fewer thigh scratches at d 35 compared with the control groups. In addition, locomotion was negatively affected among the lesion-induction group, as they had a higher gait score at d 36 compared with the control group. We concluded that increased litter moisture content not only caused severe FPD but also reduced broiler performance and carcass yield and had a negative effect on other welfare aspects.
With the Eyes of an Artificial Angel: Benjamin and Adorno Reading Kafka

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Adorno and Benjamin’s common intellectual project has been labeled, by Adorno, an Inverse Theology. This re-translation of theology into it’s metaphysical truth contents can be only fully comprehended by taking into account their position towards the work of art. In this article, I locate the place where the categorical framework of “inverse theology” is displayed in a most complete manner in the discussion of Kafka’s prose and extrapolate the outline of an Inverse theology from Adorno and Benjamin’s readings of some of his most famous texts.
Bioactive Coatings Based on Hydroxyapatite, Kanamycin, and Growth Factor for Biofilm Modulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The occurrence of opportunistic local infections and improper integration of metallic implants results in severe health conditions. Protective and tunable coatings represent an attractive and challenging selection for improving the metallic devices’ biofunctional performances to restore or replace bone tissue. Composite materials based on hydroxyapatite (HAp), Kanamycin (KAN), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are herein proposed as multifunctional coatings for hard tissue implants. The superior cytocompatibility of the obtained composite coatings was evidenced by performing proliferation and morphological assays on osteoblast cell cultures. The addition of FGF2 proved beneficial concerning the metabolic activity, adhesion, and spreading of cells. The KAN-embedded coatings exhibited significant inhibitory effects against bacterial biofilm development for at least two days, the results being superior in the case of Gram-positive pathogens. HAp-based coatings embedded with KAN and FGF2 protein are proposed as multifunctional materials with superior osseointegration potential and the ability to reduce device-associated infections.
The Use of Video Data in Project Management Research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In project management research, on site involvement is recognized as being effective practice for getting primary data, understanding the project tasks being examined and gaining context awareness. However, it is impossible for investigators to be present on site for every project they intend to investigate since project can be difficult to access, or may be undisclosed during the implementation stage, or may have been completed a long time ago. Reading the project reports and documents will provide a substantial amount of information, but there is always more to any project than written information alone; project practitioners are well aware of this fact. Advancements in technology since the beginning of the 20th century enable the film making of projects; possibly the main purpose of that film making is to produce documentaries. Based on the facts that the camera can capture a wealth of details and rich complexity that it is impossible or very difficult to capture by other means and the eye and ear can acquire a great deal of information that it is practically impossible to write simultaneously a question arises, can the use of video data be beneficial in project management research? This article reports the experience of the authors in employing video data in historic project management research. In researching British aviation projects during the period of the Second World War the authors uses the approach of content analysis to examine more than 250 hours of video data. A classification scheme of video data is presented in this paper. The advantages of and suggestions managing the usage of video are data also shown in this paper, in addition to caution concerning what may influence the effective usage of video data.
Magnetoresistance in a High Mobility Two-Dimensional Electron System as a Function of Sample Geometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) realized in a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum well we observe changes in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations (SdHO) and in the Hall resistance for different sample geometries. We observe for each sample geometry a strong negative magnetoresistance around zero magnetic field which consists of a peak around zero magnetic field and of a huge magnetoresistance at larger fields. The peak around zero magnetic field is left unchanged for different geometries.
“The Show Must go On”: 1980s Music Videos, Moral Panics, and AIDS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The 1980s was a time of flourishing popular music as well as sizable profits for the cultural industries in Western Europe and USA.It hosted adolescents wearing puffy pants and shoulder pads, listening to portable cassette players, and casually watching MTV, but the period's legacy is somewhat obscured in clouds of hairspray and shimmering pastel colours.Nonetheless, despite shallow fads, famous artists would occasionally address political issues such as The Cold War, apartheid in South Africa, or famine in Ethiopia.This was done through arguments and charity, but foremost by musical means, including videos with social messages.When objecting against the nuclear arms race, protesting constitutional racism, or raising funds for charity, sympathies were easily won.However, when popular musicians used sexual references, controversies arose.While some artists engaged in humanitarianism, others caused moral panics, and some did both.During the mid-1980s, public debates about sex and youth cultures were highly polemic, either emphasising freedom of expression and the democratic right to information or calling for censorship and legal retribution.Conservative organisations such as the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), initiated trials against a selection of artists, claiming their songs caused immorality, and even death, among its adolescent listeners.The debates hardened during the AIDS-crisis, and homosexual men were particularly shamed.However, several popular artists publicly questioned such allegations.They took part in the democratic process by participation in debates, television appearances, and by arranging music festivals.Moreover, they produced music videos, which allowed them to reach out to audiences in ways that their opponents could not.The aim of this article is to analyse this clash as part of a participatory democracy, where both sides used different resources and approaches to push their respective perspectives through, and where the music video became a crucial means for political activism.In order to follow this development, this article will address four overlapping historical phases from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, when relationships between music videos, sexuality, and moral panics were particularly tense and always transforming, in Western Europe and USA.First, a historical introduction provides examples of genderbending music videos from before the outbreak of moral panics (1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984).Selected examples show a variety of contemporary genres, but apart from being popular, the videos have been selected because of sexual themes in lyrics and as portrayed in the videos.The second phase involves the early
The Socio-Economic Impact of Forestry in Co. Leitrim

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report addresses five terms of reference given by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine : 1) to assess the social impacts of forestry in County Leitrim including inter alia the attitudes to forestry of people living there. This assessment is based on consultations locally with farmers, non-farmers and other interested parties; 2) to assess the economic impact of forestry for County Leitrim including total employment supported by the sector; 3) to assess the impact of forestry on farm incomes relative to other types of farming; 4) to consider the non-timber outputs of forestry; and 5) to assess the current state of environmental regulation of forestry.
An iterative algorithm based on the measured equation of invariance for the scattering analysis of arbitrary multicylinders

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is known that the measured equation of invariance (MEI) is generally valid for outgoing waves just as other absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs). However, for the scattering problem of multicylinders, the scattered field from one cylinder is just the in-going incident wave to other cylinders. So the MEI cannot be directly applied to the scattering problem of multicylinders. In this paper, an iterative algorithm based on the MEI is first proposed for the scattering problems of multicylinders with arbitrary geometry and physical parameters. Each cylinder is coated with several layers of meshes and the MEIs are applied to the truncated mesh boundaries. It has been demonstrated that the MEI can truncate the meshes very close to the surfaces of the cylinders and then results in dramatically savings in memory requirements and computational time. The MEI coefficients of each cylinder can be stored and reused to form the sparse matrices during each iteration procedure as they are independent of excitations. So more central processing unit (CPU) time is saved as the MEI coefficients are calculated only once in the algorithm. The method can be applied to problems of various kinds of multiple cylinders with arbitrary configurations and cross sections. Numerical results for the scattered fields are in good agreement with the data available. Finally, examples are given to show the iterative algorithm applicable to electrically large multicylinders coated with lossy media.
Inflammatory and immune responses are impaired in mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Gene targeting was used to produce mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or CD54, an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule that binds beta 2 integrins. Homozygous deficient animals develop normally, are fertile, and have a moderate granulocytosis. The nature of the mutation, RNA analysis, and immunostaining are consistent with complete loss of surface expression of ICAM-1. Deficient mice exhibit prominent abnormalities of inflammatory responses including impaired neutrophil emigration in response to chemical peritonitis and decreased contact hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Mutant cells provided negligible stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, although they proliferated normally as responder cells. These mutant animals will be extremely valuable for examining the role of ICAM-1 and its counterreceptors in inflammatory disease processes and atherosclerosis.
Replacing soybean oil with increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of coturnix quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and the effects on egg quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of quails on the quality of eggs were evaluated over a period of 56 days. A completely randomized design with five treatment levels of soybean acid oil (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) as a replacer for soybean oil and eight replicates of two quails each were used. A total of 240 fresh eggs were used for quality analysis, and 400 eggs were stored at 23ºC over a period of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for analysis of shelf-life. Polynomial regression and ANOVA with repeated measurements and Tukey´s tests were used. Soybean acid oil linearly increased the intensity of red (a* = -5.26 + 0.14 x, R2 = 0.89, P = 0.01) and yellow (b* = 42.32 + 0.44 x, R2 = 0.88 P = 0.01). All other variables of egg quality were not affected by the treatments, with the exception of sensory attributes, such as odor and aftertaste, which were more pronounced with soybean acid oil. In conclusion, soybean acid oil affects the intensity of yellow and red color of the yolk. Trained assessors detected differences in odor and aftertaste of eggs when soybean acid oil was included in the quail diet.
The Realization Path of Safe Countryside Construction under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The revitalization of the countryside cannot be separated from the construction of a safe countryside. Scientifically promoting the construction of a safe countryside, making up for the shortcomings in the supply of public security products and services in rural areas, and solving complex and diverse social security problems can help respond to higher quality security needs and maintain social security and stability in rural areas. At present, the lack of a shared governance pattern, insufficient social participation, and inadequate scientific and technological support are the main practical dilemmas in the construction of safe villages. In response to these dilemmas, the article proposes paths to promote the construction of safe villages by updating the working concept of safe villages, strengthening the resolution of social risks and conflicts in rural areas, and improving the socialization and intelligence of the construction of safe villages.
Performance Analysis of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in City Scenario for VANET

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sanjoy Das, Ram Shringar Raw, Indrani Das; Performance Analysis of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in City Scenario for VANET. AIP Conf. Proc. 26 December 2011; 1414 (1): 257–261. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3669968 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Using R in Water Resources Education

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This review paper will deal with the possibilities of applying the R programming language in water resources and hydrologic applications in education and research. The objective of this paper is to present some features and packages that make R a powerful environment for analysing data from the hydrology and water resources management fields, hydrological modelling, the post processing of the results of such modelling, and other task. R is maintained by statistical programmers with the support of an increasing community of users from many different backgrounds, including hydrologists, which allows access to both well established and experimental techniques in various areas.
Identification of tyrosine residues crucial for CD200R-mediated inhibition of mast cell activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CD200 and its receptor CD200R are type-1 membrane glycoproteins, which contain two immunoglobulin-like domains. Engagement of CD200R by CD200 inhibits activation of myeloid cells. Unlike the majority of immune inhibitory receptors, CD200R does not contain an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif but contains three tyrosine residues (Y286, Y289, and Y297) in the cytoplasmic domain. Y297 is located in an NPxY motif. Previously, we have shown that engagement of CD200R in mouse mast cells induces its tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of inhibitory adaptor proteins Dok1 and Dok2, leading to the inhibition of Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In the present study, we examined the roles of these three tyrosines in CD200R-mediated inhibition by site-directed mutagenesis in mouse mast cells. Our data show that Y286 and Y297 are the major phosphorylation sites and are critical for CD200R-mediated inhibition of mast cell activation, and Y289 is dispensable. Our data also suggest that the Src family kinase may mediate the phosphorylation of CD200R and Dok.