jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Discussions With Female Adult Inpatients: An Audit Cycle

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims: To assess whether discussions about breast and cervical cancer screening occur during female patient admissions to acute inpatient wards. To evaluate the impact of an intervention on the rate of completion of these discussions. To explore the obstacles which limit these discussions Methods: Female adult patients aged 25–70 years old, admitted to Acute Adult Psychiatric Inpatient Wards (Galleywood, Topaz), Mother and Baby Unit (Rainbow), or Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (Christopher Unit) between 1/2/2022 and 30/4/2022 were included in baseline data collection (n=57). Patients aged 25–54 were eligible for cervical cancer screening discussions and aged 50–70 years old for breast cancer screening discussions. Physical health check proforma and ward review entries were reviewed. Resident doctors completed a survey to identify barriers to completing these discussions. An intervention involving enhancing teaching during induction for resident doctors and local academic teaching was implemented over 9 months. A re-audit was conducted with admissions meeting the same criteria during the period 1/12/2023 to 29/02/2023 (n=34). Results: In the baseline data, 4 out of 43 patients (9%) who were eligible for cervical cancer screening and consented to having a physical health check were included in discussions about cervical cancer screening. This increased to 5 out of 26 (19%) patients during the re-audit. In the baseline data, 1 out of 15 patients (7%) who were eligible for breast cancer screening and consented to having a physical health check were included in discussions about breast cancer screening. Completion rate remained low with no discussions taking place with the 5 eligible and consenting patients during the re-audit. Feedback from resident doctors included that there was not enough time to ask these questions during admission, that the patient was unable to answer these questions or that they felt the questions were not relevant. Conclusion: There was a slight increase in cervical cancer screening discussions but a reduced number of breast cancer screening discussions that took place following the intervention. Rates of completion remained low for both. Clinician feedback highlighted that improvements could be made to understanding the importance of these conversations and alterations to the timing of when they took place. Further teaching has been implemented, reminder posters have been displayed in all doctors’ offices and options for the timing of completion of these discussions have been recommended.
Practical Advice for Emergency IUD Contraception in Young Women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Too few women are aware of the very high efficacy of intrauterine copper devices (IUDs) to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. Women who frequently engage in unprotected intercourse or seek emergency contraception (EC) are at high risk of unplanned pregnancy and possible abortion. It is therefore important that these women receive precise and accurate information about intrauterine devices as they may benefit from using an IUD for EC as continuing contraception. Copper IUDs should be used as first choice options given their rapid onset of action and their long-term contraceptive action which require minimal thought or intervention on the part of the user. In the United States, there is only one copper IUD presently available which limits treatment options. There are numerous copper IUDs available for use in EC, however, their designs and size are not always optimal for use in nulliparous women or women with smaller or narrower uteruses. Utilization of frameless IUDs which do not require a larger transverse arm for uterine retention may have distinct advantages, particularly in young women, as they will be suitable for use in all women irrespective of uterine size. This paper provides practical information on EC use with emphasis on the use of the frameless IUD.
A Universal Descriptor for Complicated Interfacial Effects on Electrochemical Reduction Reactions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Supported catalysts have exhibited excellent performance in various reactions. However, the rational design of supported catalysts with high activity and certain selectivity remains a great challenge because of the complicated interfacial effects. Using recently emerged two-dimensional materials supported dual-atom catalysts (DACs@2D) as a prototype, we propose a simple and universal descriptor based on inherent atomic properties (electronegativity, electron type, and number), which can well evaluate the complicated interfacial effects on the electrochemical reduction reactions (i.e., CO2, O2, and N2 reduction reactions). Based on this descriptor, activity and selectivity trends in CO2 reduction reaction are successfully elucidated, in good agreement with available experimental data. Moreover, several potential catalysts with superior activity and selectivity for target products are predicted, such as CuCr/g-C3N4 for CH4 and CuSn/N-BN for HCOOH. More importantly, this descriptor can also be extended to evaluate the activity of DACs@2D for O2 and N2 reduction reactions, with very small errors between the prediction and reported experimental/computational results. This work provides feasible principles for the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts and the construction of universal descriptors based on inherent atomic properties.
The projection of the supramammillary nucleus to the hippocampal formation: An immunohistochemical and anterograde transport study with the lectin PHA‐L in the rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The organization and possible neurotransmitter specificity of a projection from the lateral supramammillary nucleus to the hippocampal formation has been examined with immunohistochemical and axonal transport methods in the adult male rat. Experiments with the retrograde tracer true blue indicate that neurons throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus are labeled after injections in either dorsal parts of the dentate gyms and Ammon's horn, or the entorhinal area, although cells labeled by the entorhinal injections tended to occupy more ventral parts of the nucleus. Combined immunohistochemical‐retrograde transport studies showed that a small number (<5%) of cholecystokinin‐immunoreactive neurons in the caudal tip of the supramammillary nucleus project to, the hippocampal formation, as do some (5–10%) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)‐immunoreactive neurons throughout the nucleus. Anterograde transport studies with the lectin phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) indicate that fibers from the supramammillary nucleus innervate all parts of the hippocampal formation. Many varicose fibers with terminal boutons were observed in the granular and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, throughout the molecular layer of field CA 3 of Ammon's horn, and in the pyramidal layer and stratum oriens of subfield CA 3a . Only scattered fibers were found in fields CA 1 and CA 2 . Apparent terminal fields were also observed in superficial parts of the molecular layer, and deep parts of the pyramidal layer, of the subiculum, in the deepest layer of the presubiculum and parasubiculum, and in all layers of the entorhinal area.
Use of Sato's curved laryngoscope and an insulated‐tip knife for endoscopic incisional therapy of esophageal web

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We experienced two cases of esophageal web accompanying severe stricture that were treated by endoscopic incisions with an insulated‐tip knife ( IT ‐knife). With attention paid to the mucosa at the stricture, the lesion was incised with an IT ‐knife without complications. S ato's curved laryngoscope was used even in cervical esophageal lesions and an excellent field was secured.
Does hedonism influence real estate investment decisions? The moderating role of financial self-efficacy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The goal of this paper is to emphasize the importance of prioritizing pleasure and enjoyment in the properties being invested in over financial returns. This research aims to determine the impact of hedonism on an individual's real estate investment decisions, with financial self-efficacy acting as a moderator. The study employs a quantitative, cross-sectional research approach, and data was collected from retail investors (homeowners and prospective home buyers) using a structured questionnaire. A total of 375 responses were obtained through snowball sampling. Further, PLS SEM was taken into consideration to test research hypothesis. The study's findings indicate that an individual's hedonism value has a significant positive influence on real estate investment decisions. Moreover, we found that financial self-efficacy has a significant negative impact on hedonism and real estate investment. One possible reason is that individuals with high financial self-efficacy may be more likely to analyse the financial details of a real estate investment carefully and make decisions based on a well-informed understanding of the potential returns and risks. It has also been observed that both age and income contribute positively to the decision to invest in real estate. This means that a young person is more likely to make risky investments like buying real estate stocks, land, etc. When individuals become older, real estate investment in the form of houses increases in order to provide a secure and comfortable living space for themselves and their families. Finally, when income rises, individuals seem to be looking for a comfortable life, pleasure, happiness, and social recognition, which significantly influence the real estate investment decision.
Patients’s Desire For Information About Anesthesia: Turkish Attitudes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study was designed to determine preoperative information needs with accompanyinganxiety when anesthesia is advised and to assess their attitudes towards informed consent.Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval, 200 ASA physical status I and IIadult (>16 years-old) patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgery, from September toDecember 2008 at Etimesgut Military Hospital were enrolled in the study. A questionnaireadopted from previous studies was given to all subjects. Results: Two hundred patients, undergoing elective surgery, responded to the questionnaire.Most of our patients want to know what their anesthesia involves. Turkish patients prefer toknow more about how soon they can anticipate a return to normal life while, less to know aboutmedical care. Conclusion: In the light of this study doctors must act sensitively, be careful of anxiety and inthe end they have to make judgments on behalf of individual patients; and decide to whichinformation is given
Instrumental Heart Rate Responses and Visual Perception: A Preliminary Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Five subjects ( S s) were trained to raise and lower their heart rates over a number of operant conditioning sessions. Geometric forms were superimposed upon the conditioned stimuli during the final operant training session. For the conditioning trials, S s detected significantly more tachistoscopic stimuli during heart rate deceleration trials than during heart rate acceleration trials. During extinction trials, there were no differences in tachistoscopic recognition between acceleration and deceleration trials. The results are discussed in terms of Lacey's hypothesis concerning the instrumental effect of heart rate change on environmental attention.
The Control of Selected Micro-Organisms During the Malting Process

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The micro-organisms associated with malt have an important influence on quality parameters. Although it was not possible to eliminate the growth of micro-organisms entirely during the malting process, it was possible to control particular groups by applying some simple procedures. A three steep schedule was associated with increased fungal growth which was not observed when a two steep schedule was used. Fungal proliferation could also be reduced by the use of hop beta-acids. The use of sodium hypochlorite, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and hop beta-acids reduced or eliminated E. coli. The most effective means of controlling total micro-flora was an alternate acid/alkaline wash. There was no evidence that a correlation existed between growth site and microbial loading for the years studied. Furthermore, whilst many of the barley associated micro-organisms were able to secrete brewing related enzymes, the activities of these were too low to have any significant effect during mashing.
A study of the efficacy of liposomes in comparison to new and established adjuvants in potentiating the antibody response against hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method was used to encapsulate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) liposomes giving entrapment values of 31.7% and 33.1% respectively. A comparison of antibody levels, as determined by ELISA, in the primary and secondary immune responses in mice immunized twice with 1 microgram HBsAg free, or in formulations of PC DRV, DSPC DRV, Syntex Adjuvant Formulation (SAF), alum and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) showed that by far, FCA was the best adjuvant in both the primary and secondary IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b responses. In the secondary response, apart from FCA, DSPC DRV and SAF were equally efficacious and better adjuvants than alum and PC DRV for the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses. SAF was a better adjuvant for HBsAg than alum, DSPC DRV and PC DRV (in descending order of efficacy) in the secondary IgG1 response.
The Evolution of Cooperation: Some Notes on the Importance of Discrimination

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hovi, J. The Evolution of Cooperation: Some Notes on the Importance of Dis crimination. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIV, 1989, 55-68. This paper compares the prospects for cooperation in compound Prisoner's Dilemma supergames under two different regimes — one where discriminating behaviour is allowed, and one where it is effectively banned. Three "stages" in the evolutionary process are being discussed. First, the author considers the conditions under which a process towards cooperation can be initiated. It is found that these conditions tend to be more strict when discrimination is banned than when it is allowed. Second, the prospects for expansion of cooperative strategies, once established, are investigated. It is concluded that when discrimination is effectively banned, a group of cooperators cannot expect others to join in on a voluntary basis. This is a very different situation from the one existing under a regime where discrimination is allowed. Finally, the paper considers the possible stability properties under each regime, of a situation characterized by universal cooperation. It is indicated that although a ban on dis crimination does not inhibit stability, it might at least make it more fragile.
Development of multi-robot system : coordination and formation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report outlined the project on coordination and formation of a multi-robot system. Nowadays, robots are contributing greatly to the society. However, having just one robot to do a task will not be as efficient as multiple robots doing the same tasks. The project involved developing multiple robots that would maneuver in a formation due to the environment or space constrain. Firstly, some literature review on kinematics is done in this report. Next, this report describes and introduced the robots (3 BB robots) used in the project. Then it continues with the implementation of vision control (StarGazer) on one of the BB robots where precision can be achieved while maneuvering. The gist of this report is the part on the coordination and formation of the robots. It looks at how the robots coordinate together to form a formation. Three types of formation are implemented. They are triangular formation, vertical formation and horizontal formation. Results of the formations done by the robots are also presented in this report. Finally, this report closes with some recommendations for the limitations discovered in the process of doing the project and a conclusion to wrap up the project.
Effects of a Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog and Tamoxifen on the Growth of an Estrogen-Induced Prolactin-Secreting Rat Pituitary Tumor and Its Influence on Pituitary Gonadotropins*

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of a potent LHRH analog (ICI 118,630) on the growth of the estrogen-induced transplantable PRL-secreting rat pituitary tumor 7315a was compared with the effect of the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Implantation of this PRL-secreting tumor induced hyperprolactinemia, and plasma FSH and LH levels were suppressed. The total PRL content of the pituitary gland was decreased, but the glands of tumor-bearing animals contained 50–100% more FSH and LH than nontumor-bearing controls. Plasma 17β-estradiol concentrations and ovarian weight were not changed, but uterine weight decreased after tumor implantation. The administration of the LHRH analog (5 or 25 μg, sc, twice daily for 12 days) inhibited pituitary tumor growth by 68 ± 11% and 71 ± 8%, respectively (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). This was accompanied by a decrease in plasma 17β-estradiol and the ovarian and uterine weights. The total FSH and LH contents of the pituitary glands of the LHRH-treated tumor-bearing rats were diminished in the presence of elevated circulating levels of FSH and LH 90 min after the last administration of the LHRH analog. A further dose-dependent inhibition of the total PRL content of the host's pituitary gland was observed after LHRH. The administration of tamoxifen (200 μg/kg- day) sc for 12 days inhibited tumor growth by 74 ± 6% (P < 0.01). After this treatment, plasma 17β-estradiol, ovarian and uterine weights, plasma FSH and LH, and the total pituitary content of PRL, FSH, and LH were not different from those in rats with control tumors. It is suggested that tamoxifen and the LHRH analog inhibit tumor growth in the model of the estrogen-induced transplantable rat pituitary tumor in different ways. Tamoxifen exerts its effects through a blockade of the estrogen receptors on the tumor, while LHRH induces a chemical castration despite a stimulating effect oh pituitary FSH and LH secretion. The strong tumor growth-inhibiting effect of this LHRH analog could have a practical application in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and gonadal tumors in man. (Endocrinology108: 1878, 1981)
Monitoring after the conclusion of mining works

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract After mining works are completed and the mine is permanently closed, the holder of the mining rights must carry out monitoring in accordance with the applicable legislation and for the purpose of controlling the extraction area. This includes monitoring of the changes that have occurred during the process of mining, both on the surface and below it. This article presents an example of a monitoring program after the mining works are completed. The extraction of raw mineral material in an underground mine results in various impacts on the surface and underground space. The areas or segments of monitoring are divided into two parts in this article: The underground part includes monitoring of the geomechanical, climatic, and hydrogeological changes, while monitoring on the surface requires special attention to be paid to the stability conditions of the surface above old mine works and hydrogeological conditions in the area above the extraction or impact area. A practical example of the monitoring program that needs to be made when a mine closes is given in the article. The program covers areas, presents the ways and methods of measurement, as well as reporting of the measurements. The analysis procedure of already existing measurements, which need to be analyzed and included in the preparation of the monitoring program, is also presented.
Peer Review #3 of "Acute kidney injury-attributable mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis (v0.2)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background.To assess whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with hospital mortality in ICU patients with sepsis , and estimate the excess AKI-related mortality attributable to AKI.Methods.We analyzed adult patients from two distinct retrospective critically ill cohorts: (1) Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC IV; n=15,610) cohort and (2) Wenzhou (n=1,341) cohort.AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.We applied multivariate logistic and linear regression models to assess the hospital and ICU mortality, hospital length-of-stay (LOS) , and ICU LOS.The excess attributable mortality for AKI in ICU patients with sepsis was further evaluated.Results.AKI occurred in 5,225 subjects in the MIMIC IV cohort (33.5%) and 494 in the Wenzhou cohort (36.8%).Each stage of AKI was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality in multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for baseline illness severity.The excess attributable mortality for AKI was 58.6% (95%CI, 46.8%-70.3%) in MIMIC IV and 44.6% (95% CI, 12.7%-76.4%)in Wenzhou.Additionally, AKI was independently associated with increased ICU mortality, hospital LOS, and ICU LOS. Conclusion.Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for hospital and ICU mortality, as well as hospital and ICU LOS in critically ill patients with sepsis.Thus, AKI is associated with excess attributable mortality.
Smelting of vanadium-containing alloys with using non-standard reducing agents

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The object of the study in this work is the process of smelting of vanadium alloying composition and vanadium ferroalloy using non-standard reducing agents, such as silicon-aluminum ferroalloy (ferrosilicoaluminum) and high-ash coal.Within the framework of this work, it is proposed to use silicon-aluminum reducing agents and highash coal as a replacement for expensive aluminum powder, ferrosilicon, and metallurgical coke which are used in conventional technologies for smelting of vanadium alloys and alloying compositions.To develop the technology for smelting of vanadium alloying composition using a silicon-aluminum reducing agent, a series of large-scale laboratory tests was carried out in the smelting furnace with provided installation for temperature recording, which was specially assembled by employees of the Zh.Abishev Chemical and Metallurgical Institute (ChMI).Tests on the smelting of a vanadium-containing ferroalloy using vanadium slag obtained by smelting of vanadium alloying composition by ladle treatment method, as well as converter vanadium slag, quartzite and high-ash coal (ash content 45-50 %) as a reducing agent, were also carried out in large-scale laboratory conditions in the ore smelting furnaces with 200 kVA transformer power.Experimental tests have shown positive results on the use of these non-conventional reducing agents in the composition of charge materials for smelting of vanadium-containing alloys and alloying compositions.Vanadium alloying composition was obtained by ladle treatment method using ferrosilicoaluminum, the average chemical composition of this alloying composition was, %: V 55; Si 10-24; Al 4-9 and Fe 10-30.Extraction of vanadium in the alloy was 70-80 %.Vanadium alloy was obtained by carbothermal method using high-ash coal and is characterized by the following average composition, %: V 4-10; Si 40-55; Al 15-20 and Fe 13-25.The degree of vanadium extraction makes 70 %.