jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Anggriani L, Budiarti S, Mubarik NR. 2020. Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 622-628. One of fish preservation techniques through fermentation is Inasua which occurs spontaneously and involves various types of microorganisms. Isolates from Inasua are believed to have the ability to produce lipolytic enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify potential bacterial isolates isolated from Inasua and to determine their lipase producing ability. The confirmation test of lipase-producing ability was conducted by inoculating the microbes into media containing Nutrient agar (NA), olive oil, and rhodamin-B. Lipolytic bacteria were detected using a screening method with UV light. From the results, there were 5 isolates of bacteria that showed lipolytic activity as IG 3.1, IG 6, IG 10, IG 12, IG 66. Lipase assay was determined using spectrophotometric method with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as a substrate and titration method with olive oil as a substrate. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pNPP as a substrate. IG 6 and IG 12 gave the highest activity from lipase assay. Growth and production curves were created before partial purification was carried out. The results of the curves showed that the optimum activity of IG 6 and IG 12 were in the stationary phase with value 38.16 U.mg-1 protein and 7.01 U.mg-1 protein, respectively. After ammonium sulfate precipitation, the activity of the lipase IG 6 and IG 12 were found to be 39.65 U.mL-1 and 37.05 U.mL-1, respectively. During optimization, the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8/70°C temperature. Molecular identification by using the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates IG 6 and IG12 are closely related to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus kochii, respectively.
Documented lives: fear and the uncertainties of law during the second Palestinian intifada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the role of identity documents in producing the particular texture of relationships between persons and states in the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict. For many people in the region the forms of legal identification they hold are central to their life chances. Considerable efforts are therefore made in trying to accumulate and manipulate documents for political and economic advantage. However, the implications of holding identity documents are always partial and unstable. This article argues that identity documents penetrate into the lives of those who hold them, not as reifying abstractions, but as an unpredictable and unstable technique of governance, producing fear and uncertainty for all those subject to their use. Although the production of identity documents creates a separation between the legal and the physical person, these two aspects of personhood are recombined as, through their anxieties, people come to embody the indeterminacies of the documents that they hold. In this way documents produce legibility and illegibility, stability and instability, coherence and incoherence.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy with frequent intracerebral hemorrhage: A pitfall for neurosurgeons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A 69-year-old man, who was formerly fit and well without precipitating risk factors such as hypertension, suffered a right frontal lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The hematoma was removed, and histopathology showed blood clots with no evidence of malignancy. Two days after the craniotomy, a new lobar ICH occurred in the right parietal lobe with subfalcine cerebral herniation. The hematoma was again removed via a decompressive craniectomy. Histopathology of the brain tissue overlying the hematoma demonstrated cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Four weeks after this, a recurrent ICH in the right parietal lobe was noted during a cystoscopic procedure. This time the hematoma was treated conservatively. One year later, another ICH in the left frontal lobe developed following a right femoral neck fracture. This ICH was again treated conservatively. From this example, we have learnt that histopathological diagnosis can be very helpful for atypical recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Once the diagnosis of CAA is confirmed, conservative treatment is the rule, and prompt alleviation of physical or psychological stress could minimize the chance of recurrent ICH.
Indigenous wisdom and the PRME: inclusion or illusion?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME) are a United Nations led initiative that includes a mandate to engage with voices generally marginalized in business classrooms. The voices of Indigenous peoples are among such marginalized voices. Inclusion of indigenous worldviews offer opportunities to enhance the capacity of the PRME to contribute to more just and sustainable management and development of humanity. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – PRME Principle One inspires opportunities to integrate the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (DRIP) and through this confluence, contribute to manifesting the espoused aspirations of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) – i.e. the transformation of poverty and environmental degradation toward universal human and environmental thriving. Findings – Greater attention to relational ethics through critical pedagogy encourages reflection on the paradoxes of the market logic that permeates management education. The outcome in practice of this logic appears to result in ever increasing disparity. Its unfettered trajectory risks both people and planet. An indigenous call to respect all life, including that of the planet, brings the principles of universal inclusiveness to light in a compelling way. Originality/value – This essay is unique in its call to construe together the PRME, UNGC, Business Reference Guide (BRG), and the DRIP to progress aspirations of inclusiveness and sustainability; and contribute indigenous worldviews for their intrinsic value in critical reflection on the damage caused by the market logic endemic to management education.
Serum levels of EBVNA-IgG and EBVCA-IgG in patients with multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present case-control study includes 50 patients with multiple sclerosis, diagnosed according to McDonald criteria, 35 women and 15 men, median age 40.8 years (21-61). Twenty of them had familial history with disease transmitted from the mother. Relapsing-remitting course was noted in 42 of them, relapsing-progressive in 4 and secondary progressive in 4. Statistically significant association with multiple sclerosis was found only for the highest serum levels of EBVCA IgG > 750 U/ml (17 vs. 8, p 1.000 U/ml (23 vs. 3, p750 U/ml и EBVNA > 1.000 U/ml, the entire cohort and controls.
In contrast to the literature, we found no convincing evidence for the role of EBV in MS. Except a true association, the highest serum levels may reflect a synergistic influence of other genetic or enviromental factors or may be just a secondary phenomenon.
However, the possible role of EBV at the early stages of MS pathogenesis could not be excluded and future and larger studies with a proper design are justified.
Quantom theory of amplifying random media

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A quantum theory of lasing in random media is presented. The theory constitutes a generalization of the standard laser theory, accounting for lasing in resonators with spectrally overlapping modes due to large outcoupling losses, and incorporating in a natural fashion the statistical properties of chaotic modes when apply to lasers in random media or inside chaotic resonators. We study the photocount statistics of the radiation emitted from a chaotic laser resonator in the regime of single-mode lasing. The random spatial variations of the resonator eigenfunctions are incorporated in the theory, and showed to lead to strong mode-to-mode uctuations of the laser emission. The distribution of the mean photocount over an ensemble of modes changes qualitatively at the lasing transition, and displays up to three peaks above the lasing threshold. We then address the quantization of the electromagnetic field in weakly confining resonators using Feshbach's projection technique. We consider both inhomogeneous dielectric resonators with a scalar dielectric constant epsilon(r) and cavities defined by mirrors of arbitrary shape. The field is quantized in terms of a set of resonator and bath modes. We rigorously show that the field Hamiltonian reduces to the system-and-bath Hamiltonian of quantum optics. The field dynamics is investigated using the inputoutput theory of Gardiner and Collet. In the case of strong coupling to the external radiation field we find spectrally overlapping resonator modes. The mode dynamics is coupled due to the damping and noise in icted by the external radiation field. We derived Langevin equations and a master equation for the resonator modes. For linear optical systems, including gain/loss contributions, it is shown that the field dynamics is described by the system S matrix. For wave chaotic resonator the dynamics is determined by a non-Hermitian random matrix. After including an amplifying medium, we use the open-resonator dynamics to construct a quantum theory for lasing in random media. We investigate the emission spectrum of lasers in cavities with overlapping modes operating in the single-mode regime. The noise properties of such lasers are seen to differ from traditional lasers due to the presence of excess noise. Our theory not only accounts for the Petermann linewidth enhancement, but predicts deviations of the laser line from a Lorentzian shape. To conclude, the emission spectrum of random lasers is discussed.
Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase–Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Acts as a Novel B Cell–Activating Factor In Vitro and In Vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Endogenous B cell–activating factors play pivotal roles in defense mechanisms by regulating B cell responses. We previously reported that aminoacyl tRNA synthetase–interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) functions as a novel proinflammatory cytokine that activates macrophages and dendritic cells. However, roles of AIMP1 in B cell responses have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AIMP1 on B cell responses and their underlying mechanisms. AIMP1 induced the expression of surface activation markers on murine B cells and the proliferation of B cells. Additionally, AIMP1 increased the expression of activation-induced deaminase and class switch recombination in B cells. AIMP1 also had synergistic effects on B cell activation when combined with CD40 stimulus. Intracellular signaling experiments showed that AIMP1 activated B cells through a protein kinase C/NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, i.v. injection of AIMP1 into mice increased the expression of CD69 on splenic B cells and significantly enhanced Ag-specific Ab production. Taken together, our results show that AIMP1 acts as a novel B cell–activating factor. AIMP1-mediated B cell activation and the involvement of AIMP1 in diseases will provide additional information for therapeutic strategies.
Characterisation and functional analysis of the WIF1 gene and its role in hair follicle growth and development of the Angora rabbit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth and development of hair follicles (HF) is a complex and dynamic process in most mammals. As HF growth and development regulate rabbit wool yield, exploring the role of genes involved in HF growth and development may be relevant. In this study, the coding sequence of the Angora rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) WIF1 gene was cloned. The length of the coding region sequence was found to be 1140 bp, which encodes 379 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the WIF1 protein was unstable, hydrophilic and located in the extracellular region, contained a putative signal peptide and exhibited a high homology in different mammals. Moreover, WIF1 was significantly downregulated in the high wool production in the Angora rabbit group. Overexpression and knockdown studies revealed that WIF1 regulates HF growth and development-related genes and proteins, such as LEF1 and CCND1. WIF1 activated β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cellular proliferation. These results indicate that WIF1 might be important for HF development. This study, therefore, provides a theoretical foundation for investigating WIF1 in HF growth and development.
The Mechanism of Activation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase in Human Adipose Tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A partially purified hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase of human adipose tissue was found to be activated twofold by the addition of cyclic 3',5'-AMP, ATP, and magnesium ions. Lipase activities against diolein and monoolein were not affected. Addition of protein kinase inhibitor at zero time completely inhibited activation, and this inhibition was prevented by prior addition of an excess of exogenous protein kinase (from rabbit skeletal muscle). Addition of protein kinase inhibitor during the activation step blocked the activation process without a time lag, suggesting that protein kinase operates directly on hormone-sensitive lipase. Further purification yielded a fraction free of protein kinase, and lipase activation in this fraction depended absolutely on addition of exogenous kinase. Incubation of human fat with epinephrine or isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis and caused conversion of nonactivated hormone-sensitive lipase to its activated form, as indicated by a decrease in the activation subsequently obtainable in fractions prepared from such hormone-treated tissues. These findings strongly suggest that the stimulation of lipolysis by hormonal treatment is the consequence of the activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase by cyclic 3',5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase.
Points on Comparisons of Cellular Radiation Response

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In their paper Comparisons of Cellular Radiation Response Using Absolute Rather than Relative Parameters (1), C. J. Koch and K. A. Skov have evaluated part of the literature dealing with the analysis of radiation survival curves and conclude that the quantitative use of ratios of parametric values, and particularly the enhancement ratio (ER), is not desirable. Rather, the direct comparison of radiation doses required to achieve two isosurvival levels within the survival curve, one being a high surviving fraction and the other a low surviving fraction, is said to be desirable. Drs. Koch and Skov apply their isosurvival point analyses only to survival curves with shoulders; however, it would be informative if these authors would extend their analyses to the linear, i.e., log-normal through the origin, survival curve as well, especially since they evaluate critically in their paper observations based upon such dose-response curves. In this regard it must be noted that E. L. Powers and colleagues, beginning in 1960 (2) and often since then [see refs. (3, 4) for review], have reported on several components of radiation-induced damage in bacterial spores. This large literature is antecedent to the considerations of Drs. Koch and Skov. That is, the use of combination numbers such as ratios cannot be used if information concerning basic mechanisms is being sought unless their components are separated. As stated by Dr. Powers, the study of increments of survival curve sensitivities directly rather than of ratios is therefore preferred for mechanistic understanding (3, 5). When ER is used, its shortcomings must be noted, and, further, only its increment apart from ER = 1 can be used for quantitative comparisons, i.e., ER 1 (3, 5). Thus both the desirability for direct comparisons of radiation sensitivities and the inappropriateness of the quantitative use of ER have already been explained. Furthermore, dual isosurvival dose-point analysis within individual survival curves with shoulders has already been reported by M. M. Elkind (6). In that report, isosurvival data at low and high radiation doses were considered both as absolute values and as their ER. The ER was calculated as I plus the Do value of the initial low-dose portion of the survival curve, or 1D0, divided by the increment then needed to achieve the Do value of the final high-dose portion of the survival curve, or nDo, where 1Do/,Do = m. With respect to slope values, signified here as k, the latter ratio can be rewritten as kk/ k = m, where 1/D0o = Ik and '/nD = nk, and to determine the ER the incremental value nk must be added to the referential value Ik, i.e., (,k + 1k)/1k = ER = m + 1; this is to say, m = ER 1. As stated above, ER 1 rather than ER should be used for quantitative compari-
Analisis Jasa Penitipan Motor Tanpa Jaminan Ditinjau Dari Hadits Riwayat Abu Daud Dan Pasal 1714 KUHPerdata

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Motorcycle storage without collateral is a service increasingly popular in dense urban communities. However, it raises various legal questions regarding the responsibilities and risks involved, both for service providers and motorcycle owners. In this study, we analyze the motorcycle storage service without collateral from the perspectives of Islamic law and civil law. From the perspective of Islamic law, the sayings of Prophet Muhammad emphasize the importance of maintaining trust in every transaction, while civil law provides a structured framework through Article 1714 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Although there are differences in approach between these perspectives, there are also important points of convergence regarding the maintenance of trust and justice in every transaction. The implication of this analysis is the importance of understanding and respecting legal principles, both from the perspective of Islamic law and civil law, in providing and using motorcycle storage services without collateral.
Mapping of Hippocampal pH and Neurochemicals from in vivo Multi-Voxel 31P Study in Healthy Normal Young Male/Female, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) plays an important role in the understanding of membrane and energy metabolism. The outcome of MRS experiments helps to derive important cellular conditions (e.g., intracellular pH, energy, membrane metabolism, etc.), which are directly related to neuronal health. We present a novel multi-voxel 31P MRS imaging experimental scheme along with an advanced 31P signal processing technique to determine the pH and neurochemicals from both hippocampal areas in shorter time (13.2 min) for subjects (e.g. healthy young male/female, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Significant (p = 0.005) decrease of phosphomonoester (PME) and increase of phosphodiester (PDE) (p < 0.001), γ-ATP (0.008), and PCr (p = 0.001) levels in the left hippocampus of AD patients (n = 6) compared to the control subjects (n = 12) were found based on post-hoc ANOVA. On the other hand, in the right hippocampus, decrease in PME (p = 0.008) and increase in PDE (p < 0.001) were significant between AD patients and controls. In case of AD subjects, pH in the left hippocampus is increased towards alkaline side compared to MCI but did not reach statistical significance level. The pH (left hippocampus) in AD is found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.829, p = 0.042) with PCr level (left hippocampus) in AD subjects. In the left hippocampus, the increase in pH to alkaline range (in normal aging, pH is decreased to acidic range) along with statistically significant increments of PCr, γ-ATP, and PDE as well as decrease of PME in AD subjects provide extremely crucial clinical information, which can be used as biomarker for AD and potentially aid in the diagnosis.
Berufung, Beauftragung und das eine Amt der Kirche

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The declining number of full-time workers in the church calls for a renewed impetus for a theological clarification of the relationship between work and honorary office. This happens in dealing with documents of the VELKD, which have so far differentiated between ordination and commissioning. The model outlined in the essay, on the other hand, assumes a baptismal vocation and different commissions.
Bioactive Components and Bacteriological potentials of Acacia nilotica Leaves’ Extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants have been recognized as valuable source of natural antibacterial compounds and alternative agent for the treatment of bacterial infections. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical properties, antibacterial activity and biochemical compounds of the crude extracts of Acacia nilotica. The reflux extraction, qualitative phytochemical screening, agar well diffusion and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, sterols, terpenoids and flavonoids. Ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were the most active with mean inhibition zone (MIZ) diameter of 20.00±0.00mm and 14.67±1.16mm against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa respectively while the MIZ of the fractions (22.00±1.53mm) were higher at 50mg/mL as compared to the positive control with MIZ of 17.00±0.00 (p<0.05). the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC of 15.6mg/mL and 31.3mg/mL were obtained against P. aeruginosa. Compounds identified in the most active fractions with higher peaks include Oleic Acid (24.43%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (22.96%) and Tetradecanetetrol (19.25%) which are reported to possessing antibacterial activity. Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that extract from Acacia nilotica possess antibacterial activity and can be considered for drug development against the test organisms.
How to evaluate research and teaching in sociology? Results of the survey conducted with the members of the Swiss Sociological Association (SSA).

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAHS) and the board of the Swiss Sociological Association (SSA) initiated a reflection on the evaluation of sociology as a discipline. This report presents the main arguments in the literature and the main positions in the field of science evaluation, thereby focusing on the specific problems of the evaluation of the social sciences. Also newer contributions in Swiss sociology show that there is a plurality of scientific attitudes towards the evaluation of this discipline. SAHS and SSA also initiated the survey on the opinion of the SSA-members about criteria for the evaluation of research and teaching, and about the way, evaluations should be proceeded. Sociology is well known as a multi-paradigmatic discipline. The results of the survey show – correspondingly – that there is a high diversity of attitudes towards the criteria and principles of evaluation. For many respondents evaluation is a problematic matter. Rankings and the single usage of quantitative criteria alone are evaluated critically. A majority of respondents support empirical research methods as criterion, the application of combined qualitative and quantitative criteria as evaluation strategy for quality, adherence to ethical principles, publication (especially of articles) in scientific journals, peer reviewing as method, presentation of research in symposia, student's training in qualitative and quantitative methods, research seminars for students, and student's teaching in different approaches of sociological theory. Evaluation of research and teaching in sociology should be proceeded by a special committee of experts.