jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SERUM LEVELS OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE AND TOTAL ESTRONE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO ‘NON‐ENDOCRINE’ OVARIAN CARCINOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Postmenopausal women with ‘non‐endocrine’ ovarian cancer have previously been reported to have elevated levels of estrogens, androstenedione and progesterone (1, 2, 3, 4). A contribution from the tumor‐affected ovary to the elevated steroid levels seems evident (1, 4), though the underlying mechanisms are obscure. After the menopause estrogens are normally formed by peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens, and ovarian function is of little significance. Tuimala et al (2) suggested conversion of adrenal precursors by the tumor tissue as an alternative explanation for the elevated estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with ovarian cancer. If this is so, the levels of adrenal androgens may be important. The weak androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) is of an exclusive adrenal origin and is considered to be the best indicator of adrenal androgen secretion. In order to study a possible relationship between adrenal activity and postmenopausal ‘non‐endocrine’ ovarian cancer, we determined the peripheral serum levels of DHAS and total estrone in postmenopausal women with this disease and in strictly age‐matched healthy controls.
Liver steatosis is a major predictor of poor outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients with sustained virological response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sustained virological response (SVR) results in reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with advanced fibrosis. Since both advanced fibrosis and liver steatosis (LS) may coexist in CHC patients, we evaluated their individual effects on a composite outcome of all‐cause mortality and HCC in CHC patients with SVR following direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) treatment. We retrospectively evaluated inception cohort of 515 CHC patients who achieved SVR following treatment with DAA, with a mean follow‐up of 24 months. Baseline liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography, and LS was validated by at least three independent ultrasonographic examinations. 211 of 515 patients (41%) had baseline LS. Patients with LS had a higher cumulative rate of all‐cause mortality and HCC at 2 years of follow‐up compared to patients without LS (15.75% and 2.79%, respectively, P < 0.001), although they did not have increased incidence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that LS was associated with a significant 7.5‐fold increased risk of all‐cause mortality and HCC (HR 7.51, 95% C.I 3.61‐13.36, P < 0.001) even upon adjustment to components of the metabolic syndrome, whereas advanced fibrosis showed only a trend towards statistical significance (HR 2.32, 95% C.I 0.97‐6.59, P = 0.06). In conclusion, LS is a major predictor of all‐cause mortality and HCC in patients who achieved SVR following DAA treatment regardless of fibrosis stage. These patients should be rigorously screened for HCC.
Identifying credible attribution sources for cigarette health warning labels in China: results from a cross-sectional survey of Chinese adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends health warning labels (HWLs) include an attribution source. Little is known regarding the perceived credibility and effectiveness of different message sources. This study examined perceptions of four HWL attribution sources among adults in China – the world’s largest consumer of cigarettes. Design Cross-sectional experimental survey design. Participants Data were collected in 2017 from a convenience sample of 1999 adults across four cities in China; 80% of the sample were current smokers. Main outcome measures Participants viewed four versions of the same HWL, each with a different attribution source: the China Center for Disease Control (ref. group); the regulatory arm of China’s domestic tobacco company (STMA); Liyuan Peng, China’s first lady; and the WHO. Respondents indicated which HWL was the most: (1) credible, (2) effective at making people quit and (3) effective at preventing youth initiation. Results Multinomial logistic regression models estimated adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) of the three outcomes. Controlling for demographics and smoking status, HWLs attributed to STMA and Liyuan Peng, respectively, were perceived as significantly less credible (aRRR=0.81, p<0.001; aRRR=0.31, p<0.001), less effective at making people quit (aRRR=0.46, p<0.001; aRRR=0.24, p<0.001) and less effective at preventing young smoking (aRRR=0.52, p<0.001; aRRR=0.39, p<0.001) than the China CDC HWL. There were no significant differences in perceived effectiveness of between the WHO and China CDC HWLs. Participants viewed the WHO HWL as significantly more credible (aRRR=1.21, p<0.001) than the China CDC HWL. Conclusion Results suggest the unique role of health organisations in conveying smoking-related messages that appear credible and effective at motivating others to quit smoking or never start smoking in China. Findings can inform global recommendations regarding HWL attribution sources.
Sex education in the early years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Describes the role of parents, nursery class teachers, and primary schools in providing sex education for very young children. Emphasizes that good self‐esteem is essential if children and young people are to make use of the information they are given about the risks of certain behaviours, and that promotion of good self‐esteem should begin at an early age. Refutes the argument that information about sex should be given on a need‐to‐know basis. Describes how families, nursery classes and early years classes can tackle sex education in a positive way.
Effects of Sitting Up for 5 Minutes Versus Immediately Lying Down After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery on Fluid and Ephedrine Requirement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious Issues Collections Obstetric Airway ManagementMaternal EmbolismRegional Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionGeneral Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionAnalgesia for LaborObstetric HemorrhagePre-Eclampsia/EclampsiaPharmacologyTraumaInfection and SepsisMaternal ObesityMaternl Morbidity and MortalityNeonatal Morbidity and MortalityObstetric ComplicationsAnesthetic ComplicationsNon-Obstetric Maternal DiseaseCritical CareDrug Abuse in PregnancyEthicsSystems Based Practice For Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
ChemInform Abstract: New Route to Functionalized Cyclohexenes in Solvent‐Free Conditions from Enamino Ketones and β‐Oxo Alkenes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Treatment of cervical stenotic myelopathy: a cost and outcome comparison of laminoplasty versus laminectomy and lateral mass fusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object Cervical stenotic myelopathy due to spondylosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is often treated with laminoplasty or cervical laminectomy (with fusion). The goal of this study was to compare outcomes, radiographic results, complications, and implant costs associated with these 2 treatments. Methods The authors analyzed the records of 56 patients (age range 42–81 years) who were surgically treated for cervical stenosis. Of this group, 30 underwent laminoplasty and 26 underwent laminectomy with fusion. Patients who had cervical kyphosis or spondylolisthesis were excluded. An average of 4 levels were instrumented in the laminoplasty group and 5 levels in the fusion group (p < 0.01). Forty-two percent of the fusions crossed the cervicothoracic junction, but no laminoplasty instrumentation crossed the cervicothoracic junction, and it only reached C-7 in one-third of the cases. Preoperative and postoperative Nurick grades and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores were obtained. Outcomes were also assessed with neck pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the Odom outcome criteria. Postoperative length of stay, complications, and implant costs were calculated. Results The mean duration of follow-up, average patient age, and length of hospital stay were similar for both groups. The mean Nurick scores were also similar in the 2 groups and improved an average of 1.4 points in both (p < 0.01 for preoperative-postoperative comparison in each group). The mean mJOA scores improved 2.7 points in laminoplasty patients and 2.8 points in fusion patients (p < 0.01 for each group). The mean VAS scores for neck pain did not change significantly in the laminoplasty cohort (3.2 ± 2.8 [SD] preoperatively vs 3.4 ± 2.6 postoperatively, p = 0.50). In the fusion cohort, the mean VAS scores improved from 5.8 ± 3.2 to 3.0 ± 2.3 (p < 0.01). Excellent or good Odom outcomes were observed in 76.7% of the patients in the laminoplasty cohort and 80.8% of those in the fusion cohort (p = 0.71). In the fusion group, complications were twice as common and implant costs were nearly 3 times as high as in the laminoplasty group. When cases involving fusions crossing the cervicothoracic junction were excluded, analysis showed similar complication rates in the 2 groups. Conclusions Patients treated with laminoplasty and patients treated with laminectomy and fusion had similar improvements in Nurick scores, mJOA scores, and Odom outcomes. Patients who underwent fusion typically had higher preoperative neck pain scores, but their neck pain improved significantly after surgery. There was no significant change in the neck pain scores of patients treated with laminoplasty. Our series suggests cervical fusion significantly reduces neck pain in patients with stenotic myelopathy, but that the cost of the implant and rate of reoperation are greater than in laminoplasty.
Molecular and epidemiological aspects of Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Finland: Severe infections and bacterial, non-necrotizing cellulitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) is an important human pathogen, causing a wide array of infections ranging in severity. The majority of S. pyogenes infections are mild upper respiratory tract or skin infections. Severe, invasive infections, such as bacteraemia, are relatively rare, but constitute a major global burden with a high mortality. Certain streptococcal types are associated with a more severe disease and higher mortality. Bacterial, non-necrotizing cellulitis and erysipelas are localised infections of the skin, and although they are usually not life-threatening, they have a tendency to recur and therefore cause substantial morbidity. Despite several efforts aimed at developing an effective and safe vaccine against S. pyogenes infections, no vaccine is yet available. \n \nIn this study, the epidemiology of invasive S. pyogenes infections in Finland was described over a decade of national, population-based surveillance. Recent trends in incidence, outcome and bacterial types were investigated. The beta-haemolytic streptococci causing cellulitis and erysipelas infections in Finland were studied in a case-control study. Bacterial isolates were characterised using both conventional and molecular typing methods, such as the emm typing, which is the most widely used typing method for beta-haemolytic streptococci. \n \nThe incidence of invasive S. pyogenes disease has had an increasing trend during the past ten years in Finland, especially from 2006 onwards. Age- and sex-specific differences in the incidence rate were identified, with men having a higher incidence than women, especially among persons aged 45-64 years. In contrast, more infections occurred in women aged 25-34 years than men. Seasonal patterns with occasional peaks during the midsummer and midwinter were observed. Differences in the predisposing factors and underlying conditions of patients may contribute to these distinctions. Case fatality associated with invasive S. pyogenes infections peaked in 2005 (12%) but remained at a reasonably low level (8% overall during 2004-2007) compared to that of other developed countries (mostly exceeding 10%). Changes in the prevalent emm types were associated with the observed increases in incidence and case fatality. In the case-control study, acute bacterial non-necrotizing cellulitis was caused predominantly by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, instead of S. pyogenes. The recurrent nature of cellulitis became evident. \n \nThis study adds to our understanding of S. pyogenes infections in Finland and provides a basis for comparison to other countries and future trends. emm type surveillance and outcome analyses remain important for detecting such changes in type distribution that might lead to increases in incidence and case fatality. Bacterial characterisation serves as a basis for disease pathogenesis studies and vaccine development.
Related industries, economic complexity, and regional diversification: An application for Brazilian microregions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper contributes to the literature on economic relatedness and diversification in Brazil. It uses firm-level, occupational data to estimate the relationship between regions' diversification, the degree of relatedness, and economic complexity indexes. Given that the current literature often focuses on a single variable, a new relatedness measure is introduced. It includes three new relatedness dimensions. The co-occupation captures the degree of similarity of firms' occupations; co-occupation, considers the geographical proximity of different sectors; and co-company, evaluates if firms operate in more than one sector. Analyzing the evolution of 558 microregions from 2006 to 2016, the study finds that new industries are more likely to enter when technologically related to existing ones, while industries lacking relatedness are prone to exit. The results highlight diversification as a significant path-dependent process. They also underscore the challenges of attracting and retaining new industries, especially those technologically distant or more complex, emphasizing the importance of relatedness in regional economic cohesion.
Cost-effectiveness of the carbon-13 urea breath test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori: an economic analysis.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Results indicate that the 2-step strategy could be economically attractive for the testing of H. pylori. However, testing with the 2-step strategy will cost the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care $4.7 million more than with the ELISA serology test.
A FIRST-TIME STUDY ON LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PLANTS AT BHIMAVARAM (LATITUDE-16.540 N, LONGITUDE- 81.520 E, MSL 7 M), INDIA

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This study evaluates the daily, monthly, and annual performance of roof-top 200 KWp grid-interactive solar PV power plants installed atop Sri Vishnu Educational Society buildings in India. This plant generated ~ 300,000 units/ year, with a maximum yielding of ~800 KWh/ day during summer (March-June) and a minimum during the rainy season (July-September, ~ 600 KWh/ day). 1237 ton of CO2 emissions were avoided and $2,10,000 was made. As a result, the payback took 7-8 years to complete. The statistical study revealed a minimum (1%-15%) drop in power yielding, which indicates this plant used high-standard solar cells (polycrystalline), sophisticated inverters, top-quality molded case circuit breakers, and others. The optimal level of power output generation, V-I characteristics and power and economic graphs were predicted using a simulation study. Inter-institutional comparisons made with new 302.4 KWp power plants show an identical daily pattern, albeit 302.54 KWp power plant yieldings oftentimes show marginal magnitudes.
A customer loyalty program using blockchain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

[EN] The use of blockchain is increasing rapidly in all sectors, since the advantages of this technology helps companies solve certain problems, and also keeps the information privacy of the users and makes them trust the system. In this research, the project aim is to design a platform using blockchain to replace the traditional customer loyalty card to a digital one which allows the customers to write, search, view the reviews and to share their information for tokens in return as a reward. This will allow companies to improve interaction and communication with their consumers¿ feedback and information. This will bring the trust, so that they increase reputation by means of real comments and opinions. They will encourage customers to leave new comments, increase transactions in a more attractive, secure and transparent environment. In this research, we will look at customer loyalty and the power of online reviews and designing a system that brings them together and solves all their faults using blockchain technology.
Involvement of enteric neurones in the response of guinea‐pig ileum preparations to metoclopramide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The role of myenteric neurones in mediating the stimulant effects of metoclopramide in vitro in the guinea‐pig ileum has been investigated using the non‐ionic surfactant Triton X‐100. Histological examination of the ileum 30 days after application of Triton X‐100 to the serosal surface demonstrated a marked reduction in the number of ganglion cells and nerve elements in the myenteric plexus. Longitudinal muscle‐myenteric plexus (LM‐MP) preparations from Triton X‐100‐treated animals were unresponsive to dimethylphenylpiperazinium and responded poorly or not at all to electrical field stimulation. Metoclopramide (30 μM) elicited small contractions in LM‐MP preparations from control and sham‐operated animals but failed to contract Triton X‐100‐treated tissues. However, tissues responded in a similar manner to exogenous acetylcholine (ACh). These results demonstrate the importance of a prejunctional site of action for metoclopramide in this tissue and suggest that contractile responses to the drug are mediated indirectly, probably by increased release of ACh from myenteric neurones.
AB112. SOH23ABS_017. A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the use of blunt suture needles versus sharp suture needles in risk of transmission of bloodborne infectious diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Surgeons are routinely exposed to bloodborne infectious diseases, with suture needles accounting for 18.5% of needlestick injuries, second only to syringe needles. Blunt suture needles have been proposed to reduce the risk of needlestick injuries; however, their uptake has been limited. The aim of this review was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing whether blunt suture needles reduce the risk of percutaneous injury and bloodborne infectious disease transmission.
Women and Dementia - Not forgotten ILC-UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ILC-UK recently (31 Aug 2011)��published a report calling for a gendered approach and response to dementia at the national and international level. The report posits that women will disproportionately bear the burden of dementia in terms of numbers, but also impact in the coming years. The &lsquo;feminization of ageing&rsquo; is a widely recognised trend and yet hitherto a comprehensive approach to the impact of dementia on women remains largely under explored.Invariably women and men as they age, share many of the same fundamental needs. Yet, as is acknowledged in many parts of the world, older women are particularly vulnerable and are subject to prolonged inequalities experienced since childhood, for example, lower levels of education and a greater risk of poverty. This report assumes a life course approach to the challenge of dementia and women, arguing from a global perspective that women face a &lsquo;triple jeopardy&rsquo; as a result of the associated stigma attached to their age, gender and decline in cognitive functions. ILC-UK make a number of recommendations for improving outcomes and interventions for women, which include: 1. Dementia health policies and programmes should incorporate a gender dimension in their design, delivery and evaluation2. Gender should be included as a key health determinant in the promotion and disease prevention of dementia3. Dementia research at the regional, national and international level needs to be disaggregated by gender and age4. Women and men should be equally represented and involved at the micro and macro level of decision-making with regard to the development of health and social care policies and resource allocation as they pertain to dementia5. There is a need for greater interdisciplinary research incorporating the biological and social models of health for men and women to improve health interventions and outcomesDownload the full pdf report here��
Why Zambia failed

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson and others are explaining divergent economic histories with qualitative measures of institutional quality – including Acemoglu and Robinson's popular inclusive/extractive dichotomy. While quantitative studies have sort to confirm these links using econometric proxies, few empirical accounts have shown how these proxies, or indeed the institutions they seek to represent actually influenced economic growth. This study helps fill that gap by testing whether evidence in Zambia's post-colonial history supports a proposed econometric link between its institutional quality and its slow economic growth. Support for this link is found in foreign investors’ interpretation of declining institutional constraint on Zambia's President as the potential for increased policy volatility, and as such an economic inducement to delay critical investment to Zambia's capital constrained economy. These findings add weight to the institutional argument in general, as well as present one concrete example in history of a mechanism through which institutional quality affected economic growth.