jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[99mTc-MDP bolus in the treatment of bone metastasis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From November 1988 to March 1989, 20 patients with serious multiple bone metastases were treated by high dose 99mTc-MDP bolus. In the adult, 99mTc-MDP at a dose of 200-300 mCi was injected intravenously and repeated at 24-48 hour intervals as a course. The total dose was 1,200 mCi. Subjective response rate was 100% and pain was relieved within 24 hours of the treatment in 55% of patients. The average and mean remission period was 60 days and 61 days, respectively. At least 50% of the treated patients did not require further analgesic treatment any more. Scintillation count rate ratio of the bone lesion to control was reduced by 32.13% after treatment. Repair of the destroyed bone was shown by X-ray films in some cases. No toxicity to the liver, kidney or marrow was observed.
Diamonds as an investment option

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to explore the diamonds investment industry and how diamonds fare as a hedge against inflation. Firstly, an examination of the various efforts undertaken by certain organizations in improving the diamonds investment industry is carried out to better understand the current operating environment. Following that, the first part of the data analysis will include a comparative analysis of the risk-return characteristics of diamonds and gold. The results of the empirical study show that diamonds are not a good single-asset investment, as compared to other commodities such as gold. Subsequently, when an optimal risky portfolio consisting of diamonds and gold is evaluated, the findings show that there are potential diversification benefits when diamonds are held in a portfolio. Thereafter, a recommendation of the optimal investment option will be provided with respect to varying risk tolerance levels of different investors. Additionally, in analyzing diamonds’ price performance against inflation, it is noted that similar to gold, diamonds is not a good hedge against inflationary pressures. The later part of the report explores various factors that have an impact on diamond prices. This study also looks further into various market practices in the diamond industry that aim to curb illegal activities prevalent in the diamond market, while simultaneously providing a well-regulated environment for diamond investors. All in all, this study serves to provide diamond investors with further insights to the existing state and future of the diamond trading industry, notwithstanding limitations identified in the report.
Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of ducted swirling flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical method using finite elements for the solution of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in non-uniform, non-axial ducted flows is described. The method is validated against results from the literature for swirling flows and against an approximate analytical solution for a small solid block swirl. In non-uniform flows not only acoustic modes are present, but also hydrodynamic modes, instabilities, and continuum modes may occur. The continuum modes and hydrodynamic modes are analysed. A necessary condition for the existence of hydrodynamic modes is derived. Paper presented at the 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 28-30 May 2001.
Soy Isoflavone Glycitin (4'-Hydroxy-6-Methoxyisoflavone-7-D-Glucoside) Promotes Human Dermal Fibroblast Cell Proliferation and Migration via TGF-β Signaling

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Glycitin is a soy isoflavone that exhibits antioxidant, antiallergic, and anti-osteoporosis activities. We investigated the effects of glycitin on dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration. Treatment of primary dermal fibroblasts with glycitin increased cell proliferation and migration. In addition, treatment with 20 μM glycitin for 24 h induced the synthesis of collagen type I and type III at both the mRNA and protein levels. Fibronectin was also increased by 20% after treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 collagenase was decreased in the media after 24-h incubation with glycitin, and the synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) mRNA increased approximately twofold in cells following glycitin treatment. Phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 increased after 1 h of glycitin treatment, and phosphorylation continued for 24 h. Furthermore, the phosphorylated form of AKT was increased in glycitin-treated cells after 3 h and remained higher for 24 h. Thus, glycitin treatment produces anti-aging effects including increased total collagen in the culture media, decreased elastase, and decreased β-galactosidase. Together, these results indicate that glycitin stimulates TGF-β secretion, and the subsequent autocrine actions of TGF-β induce proliferation of fibroblasts, ultimately protecting skin cells from aging and wrinkling.
Ultrasensitive Capsaicin Sensor Based on Endogenous Single‐Molecule Fluorophore Enhancement and Quenching Interface on Gold Nanoislands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasensitive capsaicin sensor based on endogenous single‐molecule fluorophore enhancement and quenching interface on gold nanoislands (GNIs) was developed by correlative fluorescence fluctuation optical spectroscopy. Endogenous fluorescence of capsaicinoids was enhanced by plasmon resonance energy transfer in the proximity of GNIs. The enhanced fluorescence signals exhibited large fluctuation from the average intensity reflecting the characteristic to‐and‐fro Brownian motion of fluorophores to the proximity of GNIs. The fluctuation of fluorophores showed enhancement, quenching, and equilibrium lifetimes depending on fluorophore‐GNI distance. The correlation diffusion of fluorophore signal decreased with increasing concentration of capsaicinoids. In the cross‐correlative quantification of capsaicinoids using the GNI array chip, the method showed excellent detection limits of 290 zM for capsaicin and 467 zM for dihydrocapsaicin. This method consisting of fluorophore fluctuation analysis and correlation diffusion‐based quantification has potential application to the study of label‐free single‐molecule interactions.
Textual and Literary Criticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Textual and literary criticism should be juxtaposed, not subordinated to one another. Since the textual data in Joshua are no less problematic and ambiguous than the literary-critical information provided by literary tensions and distinctive sets of ideas and phraseology, the oldest textual witnesses of the book, Septuagint (LXX) and 4QJoshua, cannot simply be regarded as starting point for redaction-critical operations in the Masoretic Text (MT). Modern literary-critical scholars perhaps puzzled by the confusing amount of data and theories coming up from the field of textual criticism, tend to ignore the new text-critical insights. Recent German commentaries to Joshua by Gorg and Fritz simply disregard the data from LXX and Qumran. On the other hand, scholars like Tov, Rofe and Mazor make use of redaction-critical terms like 'Deuteronomistic', 'Priesdy', and 'nomistic', without taking into account modern developments in redaction-critical research.Keywords: Joshua; literary-critical information; Masoretic Text (MT); Qumran; redaction-critical research; Septuagint (LXX); textual criticism
Epitaphs and memory in Royal Prussia between the pre-modern era and modernity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter takes a diachronic perspective and explores the transition of identities and modes of constructing memory between the pre-modern era and modernity. As a case study, it focuses on the former Royal, or Polish, Prussia, located in the north-central part of present-day Poland. The diverse and dynamic political, social, cultural and ethnic structure of this region invites close scrutiny and offers a good perspective for studying the long processes of transformation. The main focus of this essay are commemorations of the local urban elite. First, it situates the Prussian epitaphs within the context of a pre-modern civic society and thereby demonstrate their role in the pre-modern construction of memory. It also shows how epitaphs lost their purpose following the political, social and cultural change that occurred in the late eighteenth century, leading to the collapse of the pre-modern memory space. Second, it demonstrates how the memory of Nicolaus Copernicus, claimed by both Poles and Germans as their own at the height of national conflicts, was perpetuated by various forms of commemoration and transformed from the pre-modern interpretations of his identity into the modern perspectives, to be ultimately appropriated by the rising national states.
Removal of DBP from evening primrose oil with activated clay modified by chitosan and CTAB

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The pollution of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in edible oils is a serious problem. In the current study, we attempt to remove dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP) from evening primrose oil (EPO) with modified activated clay. The activated clay, commonly used for de-coloration in the oil refining process, was modified by chitosan and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The modifications were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. We further tested the DBP adsorption capacity of CTAB/chitosan-clay and found that the removal rate was 27.56% which was 3.24 times higher than with pristine activated clay. In addition, the CTAB/chitosan-clay composite treatment had no significant effect on the quality of evening primrose oil. In summary, the CTAB/chitosan-clay composite has a stronger DBP adsorption capacity and can be used as a new adsorbent for removing DBP during the de-coloration process of evening primrose oil.
A critical review of the current portrayal of Metamorphosia captured in print

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subjective visual distortion resulting from congenital, degenerative or traumatic eye \nconditions, can significantly impact upon an individual’s quality of life, particularly \nreading activities. Reading problems associated with metamorphopsia are reported in \nliterature as well as in pictorial depictions highlighting print legibility issues. The \naccuracy of current pictorial depictions of metamorphopsia featuring print in relation to \npatients’ experiences is open to question, especially concerning the quantifying of \nmetamorphopsia which could be instrumental in determining the accuracy of current \ndepiction practice. Therefore, this research considers whether quantification of distortion \nplays a role within current depictions of metamorphopsia published in both clinical and \nlay literature. Throughout this study it appears that much of the popular published \npictorial depictions purporting to represent distortion related reading problems- i.e. \nmetamorphopsia captured in print, rely more upon artistic license than applied \nscientific/clinical rigour. This said, an emergent grounded theory surfaced implying that \nquantification of distortion can coexist with the qualitative expression of metamorphopsia \nvia pictorial depiction creation, potentially leading to greater insights into viewing of \nsuch depictions
[The influence of drinking mineral water and magnetic field on the development of compensatory-adaptive reactions in rat testicles under immobilization stress conditions].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The experiments were carried out on the white male rats using light and electron microscopy in combination with biochemical methods. It was shown that the combination of consumption of drinking sulfate mineral water (MW) and application of a magnetic field following immobilization stress promotes the development of compensatory-adaptive processes in the rat testicles to a greater degree than drinking mineral water alone. An important contribution to the improvement of spermatogenesis comes from the restoration of structural and functional integrity of the components performing the barrier function in the testicles.
Preparation of Polyaminopyridines Using a CuI/l-Proline-Catalyzed C-N Polycoupling Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Polyaminopyridines (PAPy) were chemically prepared from amino-bromopyridines by a CuI/l-proline-catalyzed C-N polycondensation reaction. The formation of the polymer was confirmed by GPC, XRD, XRF, FTIR, UV-vis (λmax = 400 nm), 1H and 13C NMR. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) were estimated by end-group analysis using X-ray fluorescence (up to 6000 Da). TGA analysis of PAPy with higher Mn showed greater thermal stability up to 170 oC. Viscosity measurements of polymer in formic acid at 30 oC indicated a polyelectrolyte nature of PAPy solutions. Furthermore, the amorphicity of the material was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PROPOLIS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently, drug resistance due to the extensive abuse and over-use of antibiotics has become an increasingly serious problem, making the development of alternative antibiotics a very urgent issue. In this study, crude propoliscollected from honey comb was extracted with ethanol, chloroform and acetone based on solvent polarity. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical profiling was done, which revealed that ethanol extract showed the presence of acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, furanoids, phenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids, chloroform extract showed the presence of acids, coumarins, flavonoids, furanoids, phenols and saponins and acetone extract showed the presence of acids, coumarins, flavonoids, furanoids and phenols. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined by disc diffusion method. The results showed that the ethanol extracts possesses a broader antibacterial spectrum and greater antimicrobial activity against all of the tested clinical isolated bacteria, with varying concentrations tan that of the other extracts. The ethanol extract showedcomplete inhibition of pathogen growth due to the presence of phytoconstituents in the ethanol extract of propolis.
Platanthera species with amphora-like spurs in NE India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Platanthera contigua, P. uniformis, P. roseotincta and P. urceolata are all characterised by short amphora-like spurs and were previously (with the exception of P. roseotincta) often separated as the genus Diphylax.P. urceolata and P. uniformis are similar, whereas P. contigua and P. roseotincta are morphologically distinct.The latter three species were not known from India until recently.We here report them from alpine meadows of Upper West Siang and Upper Dibang areas of Arunachal Pradesh, India.The four species are not each others closest relatives, according to molecular trees.Their NW Yunnan/N Myanmar/SE Tibet/E Arunachal Pradesh distribution is paralleled by several other species (see Lidén & Adhikari, this volume).
Effects of GABA on synaptic transmission of hippocampus CA3 neurons after brain ischemia in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of γ-GABA on evoked potential(population spike, PS) in the hippocampus CA3 region after brain ischemia.METHODS Transient incomplete global brain ischemia was caused by occluding both carotid arteries.Intracellular recording was used to study the amplitude of PS of hippocampus CA3 area in vivo. RESULTS The animal received a GABA intra-hippocampal infusion of 100 mmol·L-1 and 200 mmol·L-1, respectively. Both GABA-treated groups had a dose-dependent decrease of the PS amplitude at all measured time points(0,10,20,30,40,50,60 min).Bicuculline 1 mmol·L-1 antagonised the action of 200 mmol·L-1 GABA.Glu 10 mmol·L-1 increased PS amplitude.But Glu 50 mmol·L-1 significantly decreased the amplitude of PS.GABA 200 mmol'L suppressed both the effects of Glu 10 mmol·L-1 and Glu 50 mmol·L-1.After both carotid arteries was occluded to cause incomplete global brain ischemia, the, amplitude of PS decreased significantly. GABA 200 mmol·L-1 attenuated the depression effect of ischemia. CONCLUSION The results suggest that GABA plays an important regulative role in the changes of synaptic transmission induced by EAA and brain ischemia in rata.
Nature Bundles Immunoglobulin Iso-, Allo- and Idiotype to Target Adaptive Immune Response

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Today, antibody isotypes defined by monoclonal anti-Ig isotype antibodies include IgM, IgD, IgG with subclasses 1–4, IgA 1–2 and IgE whereby the heavy-chain constant regions of all antibody molecules of one isotype or subtype have the same amino acid sequence. Antigens that constitute different inherited alleles of Ig molecules are called allotopes. Antibodies sharing the same allotopes belong to the same allotype. Finally, the unique antigenic determinants of individual antibody clones that arise both from inherited germ line diversity and from somatic events are called idiotypes. Unlike allotopes, idiotopes are functionally significant because they are involved in regulation of B-cell function and are targets of anti-idiotypic antibodies in i.v. Ig preparations. Clonal characteristics of ABO antibodies in 18 paired samples of serum and breast milk for IgM showed a uniform polyclonal spectrotype with more than 20 bands and minimal interindividual differences. In contrast, IgG spectrotypes were oligoclonal (<12 bands) and individually distinct, a finding that was interpreted as absence of somatic mutations for IgM and differences in isotype-switch regulation for IgG. We also studied clonal characteristics of Galalpha- 1–3Gal antibodies (anti-Gal), and confirmed our observations with ABO antibodies. In addition the study with anti- Gal suggested the predominant use of the H2f gene family to produce antibodies against bacterial pathogens. The induction of donor chimerism that follows stem cell or solidorgan transplantation might become more clearly elucidated when the ensuing change at the level of Ig iso-, allo- and idiotopes is more precisely analyzed.
Diagnostic approach to IBD.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory bowel disease, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as the two main disorders, is a heterogeneous group of disorders of unknown etiology. Clinical initial presentation is sometimes misleading and causing diagnostic delay which may be important. Identification of subgroups of patients on the basis of genetic, immunologic and clinical markers will be important for exact diagnosis, but also for new drug trials. The current diagnosis depends on clinical, radiographic, endoscopic and laboratory data. The introduction of serological markers such as pANCA and ASCA will allow an increase in the diagnostic accuracy at initial diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and may play a role in defining subgroups of the disease.
Sulfated Glycans in HIV Infection and Therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the infectious agent causative of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The number of HIV-infected people in the globe is incredibly large. Contrary to the big contamination rates, the incidence rate recently reported of AIDS-related deaths is fairly lower, less than 5% of the total infected population. The reduced rates of the AIDS-associated deaths rely primarily on the growing availability, variety and efficiency of the antiretroviral treatments. During the initial molecular events of the HIV infectivity, the glycoprotein gp120 on the HIV envelop must interact with CD4 and Heparan Sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on the surface of the host cells in order to enable HIV attachment, fusion and entry into these cells. In addition, the Trans-Activator Transcription (Tat), capable to enhance transcription and HIV virulence during infectivity, also binds to HS proteoglycans. The HS binding enables translocation of Tat proteins into the host cells. Certain chemokines and HS competitors such as exogenous glycosaminoglycans and other sulfated glycans, including those isolated from marine organisms, have been extensively studied as potential antiretroviral agents. This article is centered on revisiting the three above-mentioned functions of the sulfated glycans in the HIV infectivity and therapy: the essential roles played by HS in interactions with (1) gp120 during the HIV-host interaction, and (2) with Tat for its translocation into the host cells, and (3) the potential antiretroviral effects exerted by exogenous sulfated glycans of varying structures and origins.
Relationship of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with food intake, anthropometric measurements and eating behaviors in male students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation can affect the quality of life and various factors play a role in these disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental factors related to these problems among Iranian male university students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 186 male students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Rome Criteria III (to identify gastrointestinal disorders), Dutch eating behavior, food pattern brief instrument and international physical activity questionnaires were completed by all participants moreover, their anthropometric measurements were taken. Results: The results showed a significant difference in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio in the students suffering from constipation compared with the healthy ones. The students with constipation had more significant milk intake and those with IBS had less intake of vegetables. No significant differences were observed in the eating behavior of students with constipation and IBS, and the healthy ones. Conclusions: Weight and other anthropometric indices could be considered as factors related to constipation. According to the results, an appropriate and balanced intake of different food groups with emphasis on vegetables, milk and dairy products could be recommended. Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Constipation, Diet, Anthropometry
Going beyond the divides: coalition attempts in the follow-up networks to the Gezi movement in Istanbul

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the 2013 Gezi protests in Turkey faded, they were replaced by a flurry of solidarity and defence groups across Istanbul, opening up new coalition-building opportunities for previously fragmented social movement networks. This paper problematizes the coalition-building attempts by these follow-up networks in the face of neoliberal urbanism under the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Looking into such attempts by three networks, namely the Kadıköy City Solidarity (KCS), the Beyoğlu City Defense (BCD) and the Northern Forest Defense (NFD), the paper discusses the potentials and limitations of the post-Gezi networks as loci for coalition-building among the ‘dispossessed’ and the ‘alienated’ in Istanbul. Building on ethnographic research, it is argued that coalition-builders do not neatly fit into the categories of ‘the dispossessed’ and ‘the alienated’, but manifest themselves in many fusions, displaying diverse motivations. It is argued that the divergent priorities of diverse groups put a strain on coalition attempts with mixed results: a disjuncture between collective neighbourhood interests and individual monetary interests in the KCS case; rapid operationalization of colossal projects and pressure from macro-politics precluding a long-term alliance in the NFD case; and a relatively more successful alliance in the BCD case where material and sociocultural priorities converged.