jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Arms Acquisition: An Impediment to Asean Collective Security,

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Collective Security has received much attention among observers of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) because of its unprecedented move in July 1994 to form the ASEAN Regional Forum to discuss security issues. The move is considered a departure from its original charter that precluded discussion on multilateral level on issues related to security or military. Military and security issues are discussed on bilateral level except for those that are related to members of the military agreement known as the Five Power Defence Arrangement consisting of the U.K. Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore. Optimists see this departure as a precursor for ASEAN to establish a security community in the South East Asian region, a region considered a potential flash point especially around the Spratlys.
Damage Coupled Viscoplastic Modeling of Particulate Composites With Imperfect Interphase

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A micromechanical damage model is proposed to predict the overall viscoplastic behavior and damage evolution in particulate polymer composites with imperfect interfacial bonds. The constituents are treated as three distinct phases, consisting of agglomerate of particles, bulk matrix, and interfacial transition zone around the agglomerate. The influence of the interfacial transition zone on the overall mechanical behavior of composites is studied analytically and experimentally. Test data on particle‐filled acrylic composites with three different interfacial properties are presented. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the matrix and the filler particles is also introduced into the model. A damage evolution function based on irreversible thermodynamics is also introduced into the constitutive model to describe the degradation of the composite. The efficient general return‐mapping algorithm is exploited to implement the proposed unified damage‐coupled viscoplastic model into finite element formulation. Furthermore, the model predictions for uniaxial loading conditions are compared with the experimental data. Both the experimental results and analytical prediction show that interfacial conditions have great influence on the elastic properties of particle‐filled acrylic composites.
Improving the definition of fishing effort for important European fleets by accounting for the skipper effect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The scope of this paper is to quantify, for a wide selection of European fisheries, fishing tactics and strategies and to evaluate the benefits of adjusting the definition of fishing effort using these elements. Fishing tactics and strategies were identified by métiers choices and a series of indices. These indices have been derived to reflect shifts in tactics (within a fishing trip) and in strategies (within a year). The ShannonWiener spatial diversity indices of fishing tactics (FT_SW) and strategies (YE_SW) had the greatest impact on catch rates. In particular, FT_SW was always negatively correlated to catch rates. One may anticipate that during a fishing trip, vessels with high FT_SW have been searching fish aggregations for a long time, while vessels with low FT_SW have been more efficient in finding these aggregations. The linkage between YE_SW and catch rates was of a more complex nature. Adjusting fishing effort by means of (i) the métier effect and (ii) the indices of tactics and strategies generally led to a substantial gain in the precision of the relationship between fishing mortality and fishing effort.
Erythrocyte macrocytosis is a rather common, apparently uneventful yet unexplained finding in GIST imatinib (I) chronic therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9045 Background: Anemia is an adverse effect related to I therapy both in chronic myeloid leukaemia and in GISTs. Since bone marrow function can be assumed to be unimpaired in GISTs, other anemia causes should be taken in account: 1) gastrointestinal loss (both iron and blood), 2) nutritional deficit (vitamin B12 and folate) and 3) drug assumption. Since we observed an increase in erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) during I therapy, we investigated incidence and possible causes of this phenomenon in our prospectively collected series. Methods: Since January 2002 35 consecutive patients affected by advanced GISTs were treated with I starting at 400 mg once a day to be increased to twice a day in case of progressive disease. Laboratory tests were collected before treatment and regularly thereafter with a monthly basis. Only patients with a six month or longer follow-up were included into the analysis. Results: Before therapy hemoglobin (Hb) was lower than 120 g/l in 7/33 (21%) pts (a G0 toxicity according to Common Toxicity Criteria 3.0). Two pts had beta-thalassemia trait (MCV lower than 70 fl). White-cell and platelet counts were in the normal range. During I therapy we observed in 1/33 (3%) pts a G1 anemia, but 5 pts experienced a 20 g/l decrease in Hb (G0). Most notable in 14/33 (42%) an increased MCV was observed always beyond upper normal value (98 fl). Erythrocyte macrocytosis could not be explained on either vitamin deficit base (vitamin B12 and folate within the normal value) or GIST site of origin (gastric vs. enteric). Conclusions: Although anemia requiring I interruption is a rare event, a progressive MCV increase seems to be a rather common side effect of this chronic therapy. To date, the functional level at which imatinib exerts its antiproliferative effect on normal hematopoietic stem cell has not been clarified (Bortolovic K, Blood 2004;103:523). Therefore, we suggest to monitor this “asymptomatic” toxicity adding vitamin supplements without stopping imatinib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Anxiety among Adolescents following the 2010 Yushu Earthquake

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Copyright: © 2015, Yuchang jin et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: This study was undertaken three years after the Yushu earthquake with the aim of exploring the differences in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety symptoms between different groups. The survey was conveyed in Yushu Tibetan autonomous regions Ethnic School and the number of the participants was about one thousand. Method: T-test and chi-square test are mainly used to examine the correlation. In particularly, comprehend bivariate correlation analysis. Results: Three years following the disaster, 8.9 % of participants reported PTSD and 49.3 % displayed anxiety symptoms. A difference analysis of PTSD and anxiety symptoms across gender and grade subgroups suggested that there were no significant gender differences in the anxiety and PTSD scores. However, there was a significant grade difference for anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the prevalence of PTSD was low among Tibetan adolescent. But the better of living environment and the customs habits did not change their anxiety level. This study may be useful for strengthening directing and evaluating mental health needs, as well as providing information on the psychological impact of the earthquake on this particular ethnic group in China.
A Certificate of Identification Growth through Multimodal Biometric System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic person identification is an important task in our life. Traditional method of establishing a person's identity includes knowledge based like password or token base like id cards we provide a biometric authentication system which is more reliable as compared to the traditional security system and it will overcome all the limitations of traditional method. Unimodal biometric systems contend with a variety of problems such as noisy data, restricted degrees of freedom, non-universality and spoof attacks. Some of these limitations can be overcome by employing multi-modal biometric identification technologies. This paper proposes a technique for human identification using fusion and different approaches method for face, ear, iris and foot data
The Nature of Authority

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Nature of Authority provides a comprehensive theory of the nature of authoritative guidance. It argues that the following claims exhaust the constitutive properties of authoritative tellings: authoritative tellings (1) tell subjects what to do; (2) give rise to reasons to comply; (3) are issued by personal beings and govern the behavior of personal beings; (4) are issued by rationally competent beings and govern the behavior of rationally competent beings; (5) are issued under a claim of right that counts as plausible in virtue of being grounded in a system to which subjects acquiesce as governing their behavior; (6) are issued by beings with the power to impose their will on subjects with respect to what they do; (7) create obligations to comply; and (8) are backed by a threat of detriment that is reasonably contrived to deter enough noncompliance to enable the system to minimally achieve its ends.
Phenyloxycarbonyl (Phoc) Carbamate: Chemioselective Reactivity and Tetra-n-butylammonium Fluoride Deprotection Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of the chemoselective reactivity of phenylcarbamates. Phenylcarbamates of primary amines are reactive to form urea, and phenylcarbamates of secondary amines can be used as tags due to the existence of rotamers. Moreover, deprotection attempts to to recover the primary amines in use of a catalytic amount of TBAF show the possibility of obtaining the symmetrical urea from the corresponding phenylcarbamate. We have begun the study of the transformation of Phoc carbamates into the corresponding free amines by TBAF. We present here our most significant results concerning the sensitivity of this reaction in terms of the solvent and substrate.
Clinical efficacy of first and second series of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm: a cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PRRT is an effective therapy with long-term PFS and OS, especially in G1 and G2 NENs, and with better prognosis in GI-NEN compared with BP-NENs. OS and PFS was shorter after the second series of PRRT compared with the first, however results were still encouraging.
The global functioning: Social and role scales-further validation in a large sample of adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Traditional measures for assessing functioning with adult patients with schizophrenia have been shown to be insufficient for assessing the issues that occur in adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study provides an expanded validation of the Global Functioning: Social (GF:Social) and Role (GF:Role) scales developed specifically for use with CHR individuals and explores the reliability and accuracy of the ratings, the validity of the scores in comparison to other established clinical measures, stability of functioning over a 2-year period, and psychosis predictive ability. Methods: Seven hundred fifty-five CHR individuals and 277 healthy control (HC) participants completed the GF:Social and Role scales at baseline as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2). Results: Inter-rater reliability and accuracy were high for both scales. Correlations between the GF scores and other established clinical measures demonstrated acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, GF:Social and Role scores were unrelated to positive symptoms. CHR participants showed large impairments in social and role functioning over 2-years, relative to the HCs, even after adjusting for age, IQ, and attenuated positive symptoms. Finally, social decline prior to baseline was more pronounced in CHR converters, relative to non-converters. Conclusions: The GF scales can be administered in a large-scale multi-site study with excellent inter-rater reliability and accuracy. CHR individuals showed social and role functioning impairments over time that were not confounded by positive symptom severity levels. The results of this study demonstrate that social decline is a particularly effective predictor of conversion outcome.
Prévalence d'agénésie de dents permanentes chez l'Homme moderne : une étude rétrospective à partir d'orthopantomogrammes d'enfants français

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Tooth agenesis, or hypodontia, is a developmental anomaly resulting in the absence of at least one permanent tooth. The prevalence of hypodontia shows variations between populations, from 2,6% to 13,4%, and from 5% to 56% for wisdom teeth. Our retrospective study conducted in 2020/2021 included 2120 panoramic radiographs of children aged 8 to 14 years-old, from two different French general practice and orthodontic patient populations. Only children older than 11 years-old were studied regarding wisdom teeth data. The aim of the study is to measure the prevalence of hypodontia in this sample, and to explore the possible evolution of this anomaly within our species. A prevalence of 23% was found regarding wisdom teeth, and 7,5% regarding other teeth. The risk is higher in female subjects as well as in individuals who have a sibling already affected by the anomaly. The prevalence of hypodontia of other teeth is twice as high in patients with wisdom tooth agenesis. Analyses of tooth distribution and severity of the hypodontia were also conducted. Unfortunately, too few paleolithic data are available to properly conclude that there has been a real increase in hypodontia in the modern era. More targeted epidemiological and genetic studies need to be initiated in order to exclude simple species variability, and potentially prove that hypodontia is a sign of evolution in Homo Sapiens.
Establishment of a public docket for medical device/radiological health policy statements and operating procedure guides--FDA. Notice.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing that it is establishing a public docket for policy speeches, policy statements, and standard operating procedure guides pertaining to product evaluation and regulatory enforcement for its medical device and radiological health programs. The docket will operate on a 1-year trial basis and will serve both as a repository for critical policy documents generated by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) and as a public display mechanism for access by representatives of the industry and other interested persons. This action is one element of an overall communications initiative to ensure uniform and timely access to important information.
An Improved Coherent Targets Technology for Monitoring Surface Deformation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

How to obtain a more comprehensive collection of coherent points from interferometric datasets and analyze deformation time-series is the difficult and hot spot in current research. An improved coherent targets technology is proposed, which can obtain a more comprehensive and reliable collection of coherent points and improve temporal-spatial resolution and precision of deformation signal. Based on similar backscattering properties of the same ground object, non-parametric hypothesis test is used to extract the homogeneous pixels and nonlocal filter is applied to improve the quality of interferogram. Meanwhile, the systematic phase is removed based on multi-resolution maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of fringes algorithm, then the coherence of homogeneous pixels is estimated stationarily. Thereby more coherent points can be obtained. 20 TerraSAR-X stripmap images are exploited by the conventional CT and the proposed method to investigate the ground deformation of the reclaimed lands in Hong Kong. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the density of coherent points in the reclaimed lands with sparse vegetation and obtain a more reliable result.
In Vivo Magnification Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combination of direct magnification with angiography extends the limits of visibility to fine vascular branches. Lesions not seen using conventional techniques can be detected. Utilizing a special tube, the technique is clinically feasible at the time of conventional angiography. This report describes the special equipment requirements and the technique used in obtaining magnification angiograms and presents some examples of the results obtained.
Implicit function theorem as a realization of the Lagrange principle. Abnormal points

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A smooth non-linear map is studied in a neighbourhood of an abnormal (degenerate) point. Inverse function and implicit function theorems are proved. The proof is based on the examination of a family of constrained extremal problems; second-order necessary conditions, which make sense also in the abnormal case, are used in the process. If the point under consideration is normal, then these conditions turn into the classical ones.
Public Health Statistics in New York City on the Ninetieth Anniversary of the Board of Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

lengthy discussion of vital statistics in 1866 and their comparison with the present day. Much literature on long-term trends in birth and death rates is already available and the phenomenal changes that have occurred are quite familiar. The occasion, rather, offers the opportunity to discuss the changes in vital statistics practices that New York City has introduced during recent years, and to outline briefly some of the other aspects of the Department of Health's statistical program. A ninetieth anniversary is perhaps an appropriate time to take a look at ourselves. Even a little pointing with pride may be forgiven on a birthday. Some of you will be familiar with much that I am going to say; all of you, I hope, will get some insight into what the Department of Health is trying to do in its statistical program. Because of time restrictions, it will necessarily be a sketchy and limited view. Basic research, such as that conducted by the Public Health Research Institute, is not included in this discussion. As an operating agency, we place emphasis naturally on statistics needed for program planning, administration, and evaluation. Constant promotion of the use of modern statistical methods by the several bureaus of the Department has been part of the job. Most of the bureaus now prepare simple and routine statistical reports on the basis of established patterns. Experienced professional statistical time is hence largely reserved for assistance in designing
The stories of immigrant women on a common platform in Katrineholm: marginalization, disappointment and stereotypes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The social-liberalist definition of citizenship is used in the interviews as the official definition to interpret the personal experiences and positions of immigrant women regarding the status of their citizenship. Feminist critiques argued against the social-liberal definition of citizenship, as it constitutes norms that exclude other groups from achieving their full status of citizenship. It has also been argued throughout the study that the women's movements and gender research constitute elements of ethnocentricity. The study also shows that the Swedish policymakers fail in matters concerning integration, as it does not benefit immigrant women compared to ethnic Swedes. Furthermore, language and stereotypical images of immigrant women are used to marginalize them within the public discourse, indicating that they are considered to be second-class citizens. The interviews were conducted in Katrineholm, a small town in Sweden where women told their stories about marginalization, disappointment, as well as the ethnocentricity which still exists in the contemporary Swedish society. The stories of these women are used as case studies, which, within the gender dimension, have not been carried out very often by Swedish research; the authentic voices of immigrant women to highlight issues concerning citizenship have been ignored. The result of the interviews indicates that the formal theory of rights and possibilities, which are supposed to work on the practical level, have collapsed and is contradictory, as it has not been successful concerning immigrant women and their status of citizenship; the study shows that immigrant women are not able to use their citizenship status fully in their adopted home country, Sweden.
Side chain to side chain cyclization of an enkephalin analog results in loss of opioid receptor selectivity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The cyclic enkephalin analog H‐Tyr‐D‐L‐ys‐Gly‐Phe‐Glu‐NH 2 (I) and the structurally related open chain analogs H‐Tyr‐D‐Nle‐Gly‐Phe‐Gln‐NH 2 (II) and H‐Tyr‐D‐Lys(For)‐Gly‐Phe‐Abu‐NH 2 (III) were tested in μ and δ opioid receptor‐representative binding assays and bioassays. Whereas both linear analogs showed a pronounced preference for μ receptors over δ receptors, the conformationally restricted cyclic peptide I was found to be unselective. This finding represents the first reported example of a peptide cyclization resulting in a loss of receptor selectivity. From this and earlier studies, it was concluded that the receptor selectivity of cyclized peptide analogs relative to that of their linear correlates may depend on the size and relative rigidity of their ring structures.
Efficient kidney exchange: Coincidence of wants in a structured market. National Bureau of Economic Research Working paper no: w11402

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Patients needing kidney transplants may have willing donors who cannot donate to them because of blood or tissue incompatibility. Incompatible patient-donor pairs can exchange donor kidneys with other such pairs. The situation facing such pairs resembles models of the “double coincidence of wants, ” and relatively few exchanges have been consummated by decentralized means. As the population of available patient-donor pairs grows, the frequency with which exchanges can be arranged will depend in part on how exchanges are organized. We study the potential frequency of exchanges as a function of the number of patient-donor pairs, and the size of the largest feasible exchange. Developing infrastructure to identify and perform 3-way as well as 2-way exchanges will have a substantial effect on the number of transplants, and will help the most vulnerable patients. Larger than 3-way exchanges have much smaller impact. Larger populations of
Wetland wastewater treatment systems : a New Zealand based review : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology at Massey University

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural and constructed wetlands have proven capable of providing a high standard of renovation to wastewater and their use as engineered treatment systems is rapidly developing in New Zealand and overseas. This thesis begins by examining the nature or the wetland environment and outlines the renovating processes it contains. The different types of wetland treatment systems are reviewed. Discussion continues into design and management principles which include physical and process design and hydrological and biotic considerations. Finally a review is made of the application of wetlands to the treatment of domestic sewage, non-point pollution, and industrial wastewaters. The conclusion is reached that wetland treatment systems offers an innovative and appropriate solution to a wide range of New Zealand's waste treatment problems and are likely to become an increasingly common treatment option in this country.