jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Opening of connexin 43 hemichannels is increased by lowering intracellular redox potential

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nonjunctional membrane in many cells contains connexin gap junction hemichannels (or connexons) that can open to allow permeation of small molecules. Opening of Cx43 hemichannels is infrequent in normal extracellular Ca 2+ and enhanced by low Ca 2+ , positive membrane potentials, and dephosphorylation of critical residues. Here we report that lowering intracellular redox potential increases Cx43 hemichannel open probability under otherwise normal conditions. We studied dye uptake and single-channel activity in HeLa cells transfected with wild-type Cx43, Cx43 with enhanced GFP attached to its C terminus (Cx43-EGFP), and Cx43 with enhanced GFP attached to its N terminus (EGFP-Cx43). Dithiothreitol [(DTT) 10 mM], a membrane permeant-reducing agent, increased the rate of dye uptake by cells expressing Cx43 and Cx43-EGFP, but not by parental cells or cells expressing EGFP-Cx43. Induced dye uptake was blocked by La 3+ , by a peptide gap junction and hemichannel blocker (gap 26), and by flufenamic acid. DTT increased Cx43-EGFP hemichannel opening at positive voltages. Bath application of reduced glutathione, a membrane impermeant-reducing agent, did not increase dye uptake, but glutathione in the recording pipette increased hemichannel opening at positive voltages, suggesting that it acted intracellularly. DTT caused little change in levels of surface Cx43 or Cx43-EGFP, or in intracellular pH. These findings suggest that lowering intracellular redox potential increases the opening of Cx43 and Cx43-EGFP hemichannels, possibly by action on cytoplasmic cysteine residues in the connexin C terminus.
Konversi Yesuit Indonesia pada Sukarnoisme: Pemihakan pada Pancasila

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The principle of religious neutrality found in the first principle of Pancasila, is the original thought of Sukarno, the founding father of the Republic of Indonesia. Sukarno cultivated this seed of non-exclusive religious patriotism in the 1920s and 1930s (when he was exiled to the Catholic Island of Flores). At the same time, under the leadership of Jesuit Father Van Lith SJ, a small group of Catholics in Java grew up with patriotic ideas. Political developments in the 1930s and particularly Japanese’s occupation (1942–1945) led Java's Catholic minority to become fully involved in the movement for Indonesian independence. Mr. Kasimo and the Jesuit Mgr. Soegijapranata SJ were two of Van Lith's students who integrated the Catholics in a new country called Indonesia. The most important contribution of the Catholic minority was found in the interpretation of Pancasila by Nicolas Driyarkara SJ, which gained wide acceptance in Indonesia in the 1960s. According to this Jesuit priest, Pancasila is a state principle that gives religion a very important place without making Indonesia a religious state.
Alar reduction combined with augmentation tip rhinoplasty using dermocutaneous graft from lateral alar resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the feasibility and clinical effect of Alar reduction combined with augmentation tip rhinoplasty using dermocutaneous graft from lateral alar resection.Methods We used the deepithelized dermocutaneous graft resected from the lateral ala during alar reduction to augment the blunt nasal tip,after acquiring satisfactory effect during operation,then followed them up to observe the long term effect.Results 18 patients received that operation during June 2006 to March 2010,and they all acquired satisfactory postoperative appearance in 3 to 24 months follow-up.Conclusion It's a simple and effective surgical manipulation with sufficient clinical feasibility.
High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose Previous research has indicated that low resting heart rate (RHR), measured at age 18, predicts later psychopathy, and that high RHR acts as a protective factor in nullifying the influence of several psychosocial risk factors in predicting later antisocial and criminal outcomes. This paper aims to investigate high RHR as a protective factor against age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors in predicting psychopathy factors at age 48 (measured by the PCL:SV). Design/methodology/approach Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development are analyzed. This is a prospective longitudinal study of 411 London males from age 8 to age 61. Findings This paper first reports the age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors that predict the interpersonal/affective Factor 1 and the lifestyle/antisocial Factor 2. Then interaction effects with high RHR are studied. The results indicate that high RHR acts as a protective factor against a convicted father and a depressed mother in predicting both psychopathy factors. It also protected against harsh discipline, large family size, low verbal IQ, high hyperactivity, poor parental supervision and a high delinquency-rate school in predicting one of these psychopathy factors, and against a convicted mother in a sensitivity analysis. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that high RHR acts as a protective factor in the prediction of psychopathy. The replicated results with different antisocial outcomes show that more research is warranted on the protective effects of high RHR.
The influence of solution treatment temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al6Nb

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The alpha-betaTi-6Al-6Nb was manufactured by vacuum arc re-melting furnace with non consumable tungsten electrode. The ingot was homogenized and rolled to plates, followed by solution treatment. Microstructure evolution and its influence to mechanical properties was investigated, using optical microscope, hardness test, and Young's modulus measurements. The resultshowedthat Ti6Al6Nb alloy after solution treatment at 1050 °C has full equiaxed microstructure. The solution treatment exhibit Young's modulus 115 to 123 GPA and 36.27 to 44.03 HRc. The Young's modulus of Ti-6Al-6Nb after solution treatment was closed to conventional Ti-6Al-4V.
The influence of bony glenoid reconstruction procedures on soft tissue integrity of the shoulder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Glenoid bone loss resulting from fractures or erosions caused by recurrent shoulder dislocations is a common cause of anterior shoulder instability. If the bony defect reaches a critical size, soft tissue surgery such as labrum refixation cannot achieve sufficient stability. In these cases, an osseous glenoid reconstruction is indicated. Basically, a distinction is made between two techniques, that of the coracoid transfer and that of the free bone graft. The following scientific work relates to two special subtypes of these surgical techniques: the screw-fixed coracoid transfer according to Latarjet and the implant-free J-shaped iliac crest bone graft transfer (ICBGT). Although studies have shown that the clinical results of both techniques are comparable, a significant reduction in internal rotation has been described after the Latarjet procedure. In this thesis the effects of the Latarjet procedure and the ICBGT on the soft tissue integrity of the shoulder were examined and possible causes for the restricted mobility were analyzed. We hypothesized that the subscapularis muscle, which is important for internal rotation, is significantly more affected by the Latarjet procedure compared to the ICBGT. Methods: The integrity of the rotator cuff (subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres minor) was examined preoperatively and in a two-year follow-up using CT-data from a previous prospective randomized study (26 patients following Latarjet versus 26 ICBGT). Both, the degree of fatty muscle infiltration according to the Goutallier classification and a quantitative measurement of the attenuation (Hounsfield units) in relation to the average muscle area were determined. The tendon thickness of the subscapularis muscle was measured at the musculotendinous junction compared to the infraspinatus tendon thickness at the same level. In addition, an analysis of the bone resorption of the respective grafts and the resulting routing of the subscapularis was carried out. Results: While the preoperative values of both groups with regard to fatty muscle infiltration and tendon thickness were comparable, there was a significant increase of fatty infiltration of the subscapularis muscle and thinning of the tendon in the Latarjet group in the follow-up compared to the ICBGT group. Conclusion: The hypothesis could thus be proven. This study shows that the subscapularis muscle is structurally impaired postoperatively after the Latarjet procedure. One of the main reasons might be a mechanical conflict between the protruding screw heads, which is caused by partial resorption of the transplant.
Dynamics and Calcium Association to the N-Terminal Regulatory Domain of Human Cardiac Troponin C: A Multiscale Computational Study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Troponin C (TnC) is an important regulatory molecule in cardiomyocytes. Calcium binding to site II in TnC initiates a series of molecular events that result in muscle contraction. The most direct change upon Ca(2+) binding is an opening motion of the molecule that exposes a hydrophobic patch on the surface allowing for Troponin I to bind. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to elucidate the dynamics of this crucial protein in three different states: apo, Ca(2+)-bound, and Ca(2+)-TnI-bound. Dynamics between the states are compared, and the Ca(2+)-bound system is investigated for opening motions. On the basis of the simulations, NMR chemical shifts and order parameters are calculated and compared with experimental observables. Agreement indicates that the simulations sample the relevant dynamics of the system. Brownian dynamics simulations are used to investigate the calcium association of TnC. We find that calcium binding gives rise to correlative motions involving the EF hand and collective motions conducive of formation of the TnI-binding interface. We furthermore indicate the essential role of electrostatic steering in facilitating diffusion-limited binding of Ca(2+).
High Risk Sexual Behaviors for HIV among In-School Youth in Swaziland: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to Predict the Intention to Engage in Protective Sexual Behaviors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Global efforts in response to the rise of HIV prevalence are mainly aimed at reducing high risk sexual behaviors among youth. However, knowledge regarding the intention for the youth to engage in protective sexual behaviors is still lacking in many countries around the world, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa where the prevalence of HIV is highest.
Objectives: The first objective was to test the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting factors associated with protective sexual behaviors, specifically; sexual abstinence and condom use among the in-school youth aged 15 to 19 years in Swaziland. The second objective was to examine gender differences in factors underlying protective sexual behaviors among such population.
Design: This was a cross sectional survey conducted using a cross-cultural annoymous questionnaire.
Setting: Four high schools located in rural and urban areas within the northern region of Swaziand.
Participants: About one hundred pupils per school responded to the study thus yielding a total sample of 403 pupils of which 369 were ultimately included in data analysis. The response rate was 98%.
Methods: Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse hypothesized paths. All research hypothesis were based on the Theory of Planned behavior (TPB), which contextually asserts that, the exogenous variables; attitude, subjective norm and percieved behavioral control will jointly predict the intention to engage in protective sexual behaviors; abstinence and condom use.
Results: The TPB models used in this study demonstrated good fit with data. Abstinence and condom use intentions were predicted by all hypothesized constructs of the final TPB model, however there were gender differences evidenced by male and female TPB models. Even though subjective norms were the strongest predictors of the intention to abstain across genders (effect coefficients .45, p<0.01 and .39, p<0.01 among males and females respectively); the strongest predictors of the intentions to use condoms were perceived condom use controls among males effect coefficient .55, p<0.01 and subjective norms of condom use among females, effect coefficient .36, p<0.01.
Conclusion: Findings support applicability of the TPB in predicting determinants of condom use and abstinence intentions among Swazi in-school youth.
Direct measurement of quantum phase gradients in superfluid 4He flow

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report a new kind of experiment in which we generate a known superfluid velocity in a straight tube and directly determine the phase difference across the tube's ends using a superfluid matter wave interferometer. By so doing, we quantitatively verify the relation between the superfluid velocity and the phase gradient of the condensate macroscopic wave function. Within the systematic error of the measurement (~10%) we find v_s=(hbar/m_4)*(grad phi).
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Delivering Anti-Collagen Antibodies to Reduce Posttraumatic Scarring in Orthopedic Tissues

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Excessive posttraumatic scarring in orthopedic tissues, such as joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and peripheral nerves, presents a significant medical problem, resulting in pain, restricted joint mobility, and impaired musculoskeletal function. Current treatments for excessive scarring are often ineffective and require the surgical removal of fibrotic tissue, which can aggravate the problem. The primary component of orthopedic scars is collagen I-rich fibrils. Our research team has developed a monoclonal anti-collagen antibody (ACA) that alleviates posttraumatic scarring by inhibiting collagen fibril formation. We previously established the safety and efficacy of ACA in a rabbit-based arthrofibrosis model. In this study, we evaluate the utility of a well-characterized thermoresponsive hydrogel (THG) as a delivery vehicle for ACA to injury sites. Crucial components of the hydrogel included N-isopropylacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and hyaluronic acid. Our investigation focused on in vitro ACA release kinetics, stability, and activity. Additionally, we examined the antigen-binding characteristics of ACA post-release from the THG in an in vivo context. Our preliminary findings suggest that the THG construct exhibits promise as a delivery platform for antibody-based therapeutics to reduce excessive scarring in orthopedic tissues.
Residual short-range order in the heavy fermion compound CeInCu2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By using the X-ray diffraction technique, residual short-range order was detected in CeInCu 2 , cerium dicopper indium, which is known to be a heavy fermion compound. In spite of the long-range order of this substance, diffuse scattering exhibiting short-range order was observed at room temperature. The correlation parameters obtained showed that an incorrectly occupied lattice site has a tendency to gather atoms of different species at the neighboring sites along the 〈111〉 directions. Thus, the disordered region would form a cluster composed of several disordered atoms. Furthermore, a chain-type correlation which has a period of 20–23 Å along the same directions was indicated. The superstructure-like feature of the disordered atoms hardly increases the residual resistivity. It is consistent with the behavior of the residual resistivity under high pressure.
Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and metabolism of sulforaphane from standard and high-glucosinolate broccoli. [Erratum: 2006 Mar., v. 83, no. 3, p. 724.]

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Broccoli consumption is associated with a reduction in the risk of cancer, particularly in persons with a functional glutathione S-transferase M1 allele, as opposed rotrose whose GSTM1 gene has been deleted. Sulforaphane, the major isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate, is thought to be the main agent conferring protection. OBJECTIVE: We compared sulforaphane metabolism in GSTM1-null and GSTM1-positive subjects after they consumed standard broccoli and high-glucosinolate broccoli (super broccoli). DESIGN: Sixteen subjects were recruited into a randomized, 3-phase crossover dietary trial of standard broccoli, super broccoli, and water. Liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify sulforaphane and its thiol conjugates in plasma and urine. RESULTS:GSTM1-null subjects had slightly higher, but statistically significant, areas under the curve for sulforaphane metabolite concentrations in plasma, a greater rate of urinary excretion of sulforaphane metabolites during the first 6 h after broccoli consumption, and a higher percentage of sulforaphane excretion 24 h after ingestion than did GSTM1-positive subjects. Consumption of high-glucosinolate broccoli led to a 3-fold greater increase in the areas under the curve and maximum concentrations of sulforaphane metabolites in plasma, a greater rate of urinary excretion of sulforaphane metabolites during the first 6 h after consumption, and a lower percentage of sulforaphane excretion after its ingestion than did the consumption of standard broccoli. CONCLUSIONS:GSTM1 genotypes have a significant effect on the metabolism of sulforaphane derived from standard or high-glucosinolate broccoli. It is possible that the difference in metabolism may explain the greater protection that GSTM1-positive persons gain from consuming broccoli. The potential consequences of consuming glucosinolate-enriched broccoli for GSTM1-null and -positive persons are discussed.
Plato and Computer Dating: A Discussion of Gerard R. Ledger, Re-counting Plato: A Computer Analysis of Plato’s Style , and Leonard Brandwood, The Chronology of Plato’s Dialogues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Writing a dialogue, especially a long one, takes time. Moreover, Plato may well have revised his dialogues after he initially composed them. Even so, it seems reasonable to suppose that he wrote the dialogues in some rough order or other;4 and for any of a variety of reasons, ranging from an interest in Plato’s philosophical development to simple curiosity, we might wish to discover what that order was. One approach to this task is the so-called stylometric method. Proponents of this method begin by counting the occurrences of letters, words, phrases, constructions, patterns, etc. in the different dialogues. They assume that differences in counts across the dialogues reflect differences in Plato’s prose style, broadly conceived. Finally, they take the stylistic differences to reflect differences in the dates at which the different dialogues were composed and order the dialogues accordingly.
Embryo Transfer As An Assisted Reproductive Technology In Farm Animals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Various assisted reproductive techniques have been developed and refined to obtain a large number of offspring from genetically superior animals or obtain offspring from infertile (or subfertile) animals. The embryo transfer is one assisted reproductive technique developed well, aimed at increased productivity of selected females, disease control, importation and exportation of livestock, rapid screening of AI sires for genetically recessive characteristics, treatment or circumvention of certain types of infertility. Embryo transfer also is a useful research tool for evaluating fetal and maternal interactions. This technique has been applied to nearly every species of domestic animal and many species of wildlife and exotic animals, including humans and non-human primates. The successful of embryo transfers have been limited to within-animal, homologous replacement of the embryos. There are several examples of interspecific and intergeneric embryo transfers in which embryos implanted but did not develop to term: sheep and goat, mouse and rat. An immunological rejections and placental incompatibility between the embryo and the surrogate mother appear to restrict interspecific embryo transfer/interspecific pregnancy. Recently, preimplantation embryo manipulation procedures have been applied, such as technique of inner cell mass transfer. This technique will possible to overcome the reproductive barrier interspecific embryo transfer/interspecific pregnancy, if there is a protective mechanism which prevents recognition of the foreign fetus by the mother of the other species
A Study on the Method to Preserve Architectural Asset through "Heritage Density Transfer" - Focused on a System to Preserve Heritage Building in the City of Vancouver

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

초록·키워드 목차 오류제보하기 건축자산의 자발적 등록이 미비한 것은 사적 ‘재산’ 개념과 공공의 ‘자산’ 개념 사이의 간극이 소극적 혜택(보조금, 법적 완화 등)으로 축소되기 어렵기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 자발적 건축자산의 보존 정책 대안을 찾기 위해 벤쿠버시의 "Heritage Density Transfer(HDT)" 개념과 실행체계를 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 결과, 우리나라의 건축자산은 제도상 대중적 인지가 모호하고, 공공 매입 및 활용 중심이며, 등록 후 지원효과가 미비하여 실효성이 약했다. 반면, 벤쿠버시는 유산건축물 보존 및 활용 동기를 이해관계의 조절 및 관리 영역으로서 정의하며, 형평성 관점에서 경제적 상실가치의 보존을 지향한다. 또한 지역 어메니티의 공급과 연동하여 건축자산이 공익적으로 활용될 수 있도록 혜택을 주고 있었다. 무엇보다 HDT는 건축자산 등록과 밀도 어메니티 은행(HAB)을 통해 소유주의 상실자산 가치를 공식화한다. 또한 밀도 거래를 매개로 소유주와 개발자는 상호적 이해관계가 연동되도록 개발허가와 행정절차를 이행하였다. 본 연구는 기존 소극적 공공지원 방식 연구와 달리 실효성 부족 이유의 핵심인 이해관계의 간극을 축소하는 실질적 대안을 찾는 차별성을 갖는다. 후속 연구는 건축자산진흥구역, 특별계획 및 건축구역 등과 연계한 한국형 HTD 적용 건축자산 보존 방식을 제안할 것이다. #Architectural Asset #Voluntary Register #Vancouver Heritage Preservation(VHP) #Heritage Density Transfer(HDT) #Heritage Amenity Bank(HAB) #Community Amenity Contribution(CAC) 요약Abstract1. 서론2. 건축자산의 제도·실행적 한계3. 벤쿠버시 유산건축자산 보존정책 개념과 체계4. 벤쿠버시의 HDT의 실행체계5. 결론References
Impact of European Union Membership on Agriculture and Rural Development in Newly Acceded Member States: Drawing Lessons for Serbia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This policy note support for agriculture and rural development (ARD) access to a huge market for Serbian agriculture and European Union (EU). The current framework for agricultural policy and budget support needs to adjust quickly to this challenge. Otherwise, these disparate growth pathways will continue leading to low aggregate growth. This outcome is not inevitable, however, provided that government is willing to implement bold, forward thinking structural reform. Experience from countries that have acceded EU recently suggests that agriculture has prospered most in those that met this challenge. The Government needs to use its pre-accession time wisely and focus on two objectives. First, it needs to recognize the core sector development prioritiesthat will increase Serbia’s agriculture competitiveness, and adjust its policy instruments accordingly. Second, national funds would be best spent on supporting these priorities, while complemented with EU funds. The Government’s efforts will require the intensification of work both in sector policy, and in institutional development. Some of the lessons learned from EU enlargements can be translated into a set of recommendations for Serbia that will assist the sector during the transition to full EU membership. They encompass four broad areas: (1) agricultural policy during the period leading to eventual EU membership; (2) commitmentto the completion of necessary reforms; (3) institutional adjustment and capacity building; and (4) re-thinking the use of limited budgetary resources.