jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the aspect sensitivity of high resolution range profiles and its reduction methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been shown that high resolution radar range profiles (HRRP) can serve as discriminative features for automatic target recognition (ATR) purpose. A HRRP at a single aspect, however, is very sensitive to the aspect change. For microwave radars, aspect change of tenths of 1/spl deg/ can cause drastic changes in HRRP of aircraft-like targets. The aspect sensitivity of HRRP greatly hinders their potential use in automatic target recognition. This paper investigates the phenomenon of aspect sensitivity of HRRP and methods for its reduction.
Modeling of Fluvial Processes for Braided Channel in Down Yangtze River, Part 2: Application to the Channel Regulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A well validated two-dimensional surface numerical model for braided channel in down Yangtze River was used to analyse the effect of the channel regulation projects in Hechangzhou reach. Based on the different flow and sediment boundaries, the calculations were carried out to analyse the river bed evolution and the slit ratio under the impacts of two supposed projects. The results show that the subsequent submerged dikes nearby the existed one in left branch will be beneficial to the maintenance of the deep-water channel for right branch.
ral ssBioMed CentBMC Medicine Open AcceCommentary Does blood transfusion harm cardiac surgery patients?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over recent years there has been a substantial body of evidence demonstrating strong associations between transfusion and adverse outcomes, including myocardial, neurological and renal injury, in a range of clinical settings where transfusion is administered for reasons other than life-threatening bleeding. The strength of these associations across a range of clinical settings suggests that confounding and bias, the chief limitations of all observational studies, are unlikely to account for all of these observations. Given the wide range in transfusion rates in cardiac centres, with up to 100 % of patients in some centres exposed to allogenic blood components, this evidence, albeit circumstantial, presents a strong argument for prospective randomised trials to attempt to determine, firstly, if transfusion causes adverse outcomes, and secondly, in which patient groups does the benefit of transfusion outweigh these risks? These issues are discussed in the context of an article published this month in BMC Medicine. Background The development of modern blood services that enable large-scale allogenic red cell donation, storage and trans-
The impact on utilities of differences in body weight among Canadian patients with type 2 diabetes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to estimate utility values for hypothetical health states that describe differences in weight and quality of life associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) from Canadians with type 2 DM. The impact on utility values was examined separately for participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 18 to less than 25 kg/m2 (‘healthy’), 25 to less than 30 (‘overweight’), and 30 or more (‘obese’). The health state descriptions were modified from a published diabetes utility study. Health states included a base-case type 2 DM health state (at participants’ current weight), and six health states where the weight and attendant quality of life impact varied (base case ±3%, ±5%, and ±7% weight). Utilities were elicited using the time trade-off technique. Linear regression modeling was used to estimate the utility increment or decrement associated with a one unit difference in BMI. Among 96 participants, the mean age was 55 years and 51% were men. The mean BMI was 32 kg/m2 and 84% wanted to lose weight. The mean (SD) utility for the base-case state was 0.911 (0.013). Mean utilities (utility decrements) were 0.907 (−0.004), 0.865 (−0.046) and 0.806 (−0.105) for the health states describing an increased weight of 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively; and 0.923 (+0.012), 0.940 (+0.029) and 0.949 (+0.038) for the health states describing a decreased weight of 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively. For every increase of 1 kg/m2 BMI there was an associated decrease in utility of 0.0472 (95% CI: 0.0375, 0.0569) and for every decrease of 1 kg/m2 BMI there was an associated increase in utility of 0.0171 (95% CI: 0.0103, 0.0238). The preferences of Canadian patients with type 2 DM for diabetes-related health states varied according to the weight, and quality of life impact, associated with that health state. Increased weight had a greater effect on utilities than decreased weight.
Development of Efficient Prophylactic Vaccines and Theracines for Newborns and Infants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Vaccines represent one of the most impressive successes of experimental medicine, allowing for the eradication of a causative infectious agent and extinction of diseases such as variola, which is caused by smallpox. The vaccine against variola was discovered by Jenner 200 yr ago based on the observation that the injection of a boy with cowpox was protected against two successive inoculations with the deadly smallpox virus. The global vaccination with vaccinia led to the almost total eradication of the smallpox virus. Classical vaccines developed later through discoveries pioneered by Pasteur and Ramon led to definition of a golden rule of vaccine preparation that consists of the principle of inactivation of the pathogenicity of a microbe or bacterial toxin without altering their immunogenicity—namely, the ability to induce a protective immune response. Fervent advancement in vaccinology established that an ideal vaccine should be endowed with the following properties: (a) The microbe used to prepare the vaccine should exhibit a constant antigen specificity without being the subject of genetic variation; (b) it should induce protective immunity; (c) the protection should be life-long, because it should induce immune memory, allowing a primed host to react rapidly to an infectious agent; and (d) it should be devoid of side effects.
Anodic oxidation of 2- and 4'-substituted benzenesulfenanilides. A new method of synthesis of 2,7-disubstituted phenazines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Anodic oxidations of benzenesulfenanilides (4'-OMe (I), 4'-Me (II), 4'-Cl (III), 4'-H (IV) ) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfenanilides (4'-OMe (V), 4'-Me (VI), 4'-Cl (VII), 4'-H (VIII) ) were carried out in acetonitrile containing 0.1 M NaClO4. electrolyses of I, II, V, VI, and VII gave the corresponding 2, 7-disubstituted phenazines, whereas those of III, IV, and VIII did not. The R-N. intermediates are suggested for the formation of the phenazines.
Basic Principles for Calculating the Required Number of Participants in Clinical Trials. Part 2. Survival Analysis (Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION. Survival analysis is an important biostatistics method used in clinical trials to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of medicinal products. The significance of this method lies in the possibility to extrapolate the conclusion regarding the benefits of a medical intervention drawn from a short-term clinical trial to a longer period and adjust dosages and treatment regimens accordingly. However, comprehensive methodological recommendations for planning survival analyses are currently lacking.AIM. This study aimed to systematise the requirements for sample size calculation in event-based study designs.DISCUSSION. This article presents methods for calculating the number of subjects required for survival analysis in event-driven studies with outcome collection and estimation under censoring conditions. The authors discuss Bayesian probabilistic models for estimating survival parameters, such as the time to an event, the risk of an event, and the cumulative survival rate, as key variables for determining the sample size for a study. The article presents a theoretical framework for event risk analysis in survival study designs. The authors describe hypotheses and sta­tistical models for calculating sample sizes and determining survival parameter thresholds in group sequential designs for event risk studies.CONCLUSIONS. The statistical models presented can be used to design studies aimed at estimating the time to an expected event and the cumulative risk during treatment and following medicinal product administration.
IMPLEMENTASI E-GOVERNMENT DALAM PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI MOBILE PASPOR (M-PASPOR) PADA KANTOR IMIGRASI KELAS II TPI TANJUNG UBAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

M-Paspor aims to make passport services more transparent, accountable and fast. However, in the process of its application as a public servant, the socialization provided has not been able to fully reach the community. So people have to come repeatedly to just ask questions related to the use of the application. This study aims to describe the implementation of e-government in the use of m-paspor applications at the Immigration Office Class II TPI Tanjung Uban. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The theory used from Harvard JFK School of Government, with several indicators including Support, Capacity and Value. The results showed that the implementation of e-government in the use of m-paspor applications has run in accordance with the objectives but has not been optimal in one of the indicators. In the Support indicator, support in the form of SOP’s and m-paspor policies, direct socialization and through social media as well as supporting infrastructure at the Immigration Office Class II TPI Tanjung Uban is quite good. In the Capacity indicator, the availability of financial resources is intended for socialization needs, the information technology infrastructure in the service process looks adequate to facilitate the community, but in the process of implementing the application there are still several obstacles, including frequent application errors, payment codes do not come out, limited quotas and so on, as well as the availability of human resources derived from receiving CPNS selection analysis S1 immigration and has been provided with periodic training by the Directorate General of Immigration. The Value indicator is considered good, because both officers and the public have been able to feel the convenience with the m-paspor application.
Is fat-to-lean mass ratio a better predictor of heart variability than body mass index?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) may not accurately predict cardiometabolic risk due to confounders like age, gender, relatively high lean mass, and the “thin-fat phenotype” prevalent in south Asian populations. Fat-to-lean mass ratio (FTLM), which assesses the balance between fat and lean body mass, may provide a more complete assessment of cardiometabolic health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study investigated the relationship between FTLM ratio, BMI, and heart rate variability (HRV) in apparently healthy male adults. 88 participants recruited through convenience sampling underwent anthropometric assessments, bioimpedance body composition analysis, and HRV testing. Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses were performed where appropriate to assess the relationship between FTLM ratio, BMI, and HRV. RESULTS: Both BMI and FTLM showed significant positive correlation with normalized LF power and LF-HF ratio and a negative correlation with normalized HF power, RMSSD, and pNN50. However, FTLM ratio showed a stronger association with HRV parameters than BMI and could explain a greater percentage of the variability in LF-HF ratio (32% compared to 18.4%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Assessment of both fat and lean mass, expressed as a ratio, is a better index of quantifying adiposity and predicting the influence of altered body composition on cardiometabolic health.
Weeds on Soybeans Crop After the Application of the Association of the Herbicides Imazapic + Imazapyr on Different Liming Rates in a No-till Cropping System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The repeated use of the herbicide glyphosate has selected weed resistant species to this molecule. The combination of the tank-mix imazapic + imazapyr (Cultivance® technology) turns out being an alternative on the management of glyphosate resistant weeds. The interaction of these molecules with the soil’s chemical properties with the spraying frequency, and the weed diversity are yet unknown. This study evaluated the effects of liming at the weed incidence on the soybeans crop treated with the association of herbicides imazapic + imazapyr in a no-till cropping system. The experiment was installed at the field in a RCBD with four replications. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement 5 × 2 with five rates of calcitic limestone (0, 2.5, 5, 12.5, and 30 ton/ha) and two corresponding to the presence or absence of the herbicides imazapic + imazapyr (rate of 100 g/ha of the commercial product Soyvance®) sprayed in a spray-plant system. After 40 months of surface-liming, the soybean cultivar Lancer® was planted in a no-till field, and it was evaluated: frequency and abundance of weeds, and the chemical soil parameters: pH, Ca, H+Al, and Mg at the depth of 0-10 cm. The most abundant weeds observed were: Desmodium spp., Schlechtendalia luzulifolia, Digitaria horizontalis, Raphanus sativus and Cyperus spp., with predominance of dicot species. In conclusion, as the surface-liming rate was increased, the greater the frequency of dicot weeds, and the lesser the monocots were found in the area.
Estimating factors of overtreatment from the inpatient perspective: A panel random-effect model analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Overtreatment has been an important subject because there is a growing awareness more treatment is harmful rather than better to health. In this context, many scholars have argued for medical providers and researchers to learn from patients' experiences. However, most studies have given insufficient attention to patients' perspectives. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the patients' perceptions of overtreatment using representative survey data. The study utilized data from the Korea Health Panel Survey 2012–2018 to estimate the trend in the proportion of overtreatment perception and analyze factors associated with inpatients' perception of overtreatment using random effect model. The findings indicate a growing perception of overtreatment among inpatients over the six years. The factors with a consistent impact included hospital level, Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment, and health recovery, while specific medical examinations, such as endoscopy and ultrasonography, did not significantly influence patients' suspicions. On the other hand, certain diseases were found to be associated with inpatients' perception of overtreatment, particularly those linked to car insurance and private health insurance, which are already social issues in Korea.
Stakeholder Management: A Universal Strategic Health Services Management Approach to Unlock a Profitable Return on Investment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There have been sustained global policy and fiscal pressures for businesses, including health care services to demonstrate unique customer-oriented entrepreneurship capabilities in terms of marketing and innovativeness, influenced by the recent global financial crisis, leading to business closures, budgetary shortfalls, and constant operational challenges for survival. For several health care managers, this entails effectively managing the increasing influence of active and powerful stakeholders to achieve a competitive advantage in terms of productive and allocative efficiency over customer-driven results and innovativeness. A focus on value addition by itself is a precursor of effective stakeholder management, clinician leadership model, and a decentralized activity based management, which integrates customer values from basic and expected services to desired and unexpected services as well as combining product quality and high quality customer services needed to usher a competitive advantage to organizations through cost leadership or product differentiation. However, a stakeholder management tool that is universally applicable across all health care business entities is still work in progress. This paper debated upon relevant previous literature on stakeholder management as a central feature for customerdriven business practices, for implementation in form of a universal stakeholder management tool, in order to advance sound entrepreneurship capabilities that support dynamic high quality customer care-driven health care and innovation.
Jonson’s Ghost and the Restoration Stage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jonson was a key figure in rebuilding the repertoire of the revived playhouses of Restoration London, but as a model he was inhibiting as well as enabling. This essay first explores the circumstances in which his plays were revived and updated (exclusively by the King’s Company, who had their monopoly on Jonson’s plays confirmed in 1669). It goes on to look at the purposes to which the rival Duke’s Company put Jonson’s public image, as they sought to produce a Jonsonian comic output of their own. Both Thomas Shadwell and Edward Howard crafted works that drew on the plots and characters of Jonson’s comedies, particularly Epicene, concentrating the erotic themes suggested by the originals. The essay addresses Jonson’s predominance in the 1670–1 theatrical season, a crucial point at which aspects of his dramatic afterlife coalesced and the direction of comedy into the next decade was being formulated, and focuses on two Duke’s Company comedies: Shadwell’s The Humorists and Howard’s The Six Days Adventure; or, The New Utopia. It argues that these playwrights’ direct, practical efforts to enhance Jonson’s reputation (whilst strengthening their own) saw an awkward updating of humours comedy with moralistic depictions of erotic and homoerotic appetites.
A novel multichannel feature extraction method for ship bearings: composite multiscale weighted cross improved diversity entropy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The multichannel monitoring signals for ship bearings have the advantage of richer information compared with single-channel signals, but how to fully extract the feature information is still a major difficulty in realizing the intelligent diagnosis of bearings. The existing advanced cross-diversity entropy does not give enough consideration to the feature weights and fusion strategy of each channel and interchannel, which makes the accuracy and stability of the related diagnostic methods improved. To solve this problem, this paper proposes composite multiscale weighted cross-improved diversity entropy (CMWCross-IDE) by introducing a novel two-channel feature extraction strategy. Furthermore, the bearing diagnosis method is constructed by combining CMWCross-IDE and Least Squares Support Vector Machine,T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (LSSVM) classifier, and the collected fault data of ship rolling bearings and sliding bearings are used as experimental verification. Comparison with four advanced entropy methods shows that CMWCross-IDE has the best feature extraction effect and the highest diagnostic stability, and the average diagnostic accuracy is improved by 4–6% in comparison to existing advanced entropy methods. The experiments have fully proved that the multichannel feature extraction strategy CMWCross-IDE proposed in this paper has good superiority and versatility, which can provide effective support for multichannel signal monitoring and intelligent fault diagnosis of ship bearings and even other mechanical equipment.
Report on Investigation of the Resources of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill in the Northeast of China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The author investigates the resources of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill in the northeast of China and collects the market information.After the survey,we found that the destruction is serious and the wild resources of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill must be protected and paid more attention to.
The Research on Test Automation Based on the Window Application Software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to implement software automated test on the application of .NET form class, in this paper, we propose a program that builds resources platforms for under test programs, just like software structure information store and common window widgets test case library. It takes white-box method for the test model, with the use of SQL Server databases. The program executes cover tests on those common interaction widgets easy to result in exceptions for Windows applications. At the same time, it gets attributes information of the window widgets. Then it achieves automatic generation of test cases, and imports them into Excel. Based on the related software information generated above, the program will complete the test automatically, and give the test analysis report to improve the efficiency of software testing.
Chemically Induced Mutants of &lt;i&gt;Brassica oleracea var. botrytis&lt;/i&gt; Maintained Stable Resistance to Drought and Salt Stress after Regeneration and Micropropagation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Investigation was made to confirm the stability of drought and salt stress tolerance in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis) mutants after regeneration and micropropagation. The N-nitroso-N-ethyleurea (NEU) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) induced mutants of cauliflower were created and screened for drought and salt stress tolerance. The highly tolerant mutants were selected, regenerated by tissue culture techniques, screened again for drought and salt tolerance under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions, correlated the response of in-vitro and in-vivo plants within a clone. Free proline levels in clones were correlated with stress tolerance. Results confirmed the persistence of mutations in clones with enhanced resistance levels to stresses over control plants. The regenerated in-vitro and in-vivo plants within a clone showed a positive significant correlation for drought (R2 = 0.663) and salt (R2 = 0.647) resistance that confirms the stability of mutation in clones after generations. Proline showed a positive and significant correlation with drought (R2 = 0.524) and salt (R2 = 0.786) tolerance. Conclusively, drought and salt resistance can be successfully enhanced in cauliflower by chemical mutagenesis. Further molecular analysis is recommended to study these mutants.