jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Block model of microcontroller for electromagnetic immunity simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an approach to constructing the immunity model of the microcontroller based on functional blocks. The microcontroller is treated as an assembly of functional blocks and propagation paths of electromagnetic interference. Function blocks are I/Os and cores where the interference propagation paths are referred to interconnections such as packages and on-chip power distribution network (PDN). The model structure and its building blocks are proposed. Their construction methods are presented.
Co-evolution of ideas and social networks in opinion formation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, researches on opinion formation have attracted extensive interests and generated many pragmatic applications. Various models have been built to study the evolution of the opinion, typically based on complex social networks. The most well-known models include the Deffuant model for opinion formation with bounded confidence and a similar but not exactly the same model proposed by Hegselmann and Krause. However, these models have not thought of the truth in real life that individuals may cut off their bonds with the uncongenial neighbors holding opinions too different from theirs, and build new bonds with strangers. Based on this phenomenon, a mechanism of cutting and reconnecting is introduced into opinion formation, to make it a dynamic co-evolution process when the opinions update in the underlying network. In this dissertation, several simulations are conducted on a modified Hegselmann-Krause model in different networks, and its effect of reducing the tiny opinion clusters held by minor nodes are evaluated. Besides, a few conjectures are proposed to explain these interesting effects where the mechanism has on opinion formation and final opinion distribution.
SP167RECURRENCE OF MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

disease, but it also occurs (25% cases) as a secondary disease to other conditions.The histopathological findings do not allow a differentiation between primary or secondary forms.Most patients with idiopathic MGN have autoantibodies of IgG4 type against an epitope in the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R).Immunohistochemical analysis of IgG4 in kidney biopsies of MGN patients has been used to rule out secondary cases in our center, and later PLA2R.In this work we show our results.METHODS: We studied the presence/absence and distribution patterns of IgG4 in the glomeruli of 30 MGN patients, using immunohistochemical technique.The clinical history of each patient was reviewed.The results of IF and ultrastructure were reviewed as well.In a second round, we analyzed PLA2R by immunohistochemestry in all the 30 MGN cases.RESULTS: We identified 30 patients with MGN, twenty one of them (70%) were primary cases.A total of eleven cases presented granular IgG4 deposits in the wall of the glomerular capillaries.In 4 cases the deposits were diffuse and 7 were segmental and focal.Patients with diffuse deposits had more proteinuria compared with the segmental and focal ones.The 11 cases with IgG4 deposits, after reviewing the clinical history, did not present secondary causes of MGN (neoplasms, infections or autoimmune diseases).PLA2R deposits were found in up to 100% of the primary MGN patients.All cases of Class V membranous lupus nephritis (7 cases) showed absence of IgG4 deposits and PLA2R as well.CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results in our series, showed IgG4 in the wall of glomerular capillaries in approximately one third of patients (36.7%) and PLA2R deposits in up to two thirds (70%).The immunohistochemical study of IgG4 could be of help to differentiate the cases of primary MGN from cases of secondary MGN: the absence of IgG4 deposits forced us to rule out a secondary cause.However, the immunohistochemical analysis of PLA2R deposits seems to be more sensitive for primary MGN.All cases of membranous lupus nephritis were negative for IgG4 and PLA2R.
Topotecan as Second-Line Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: Dosage Versus Toxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this issue of The Oncologist, Armstrong et al. present an analysis of the use of topotecan (Hycamtin®; GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, http://www.gsk.com) in the second-line treatment of both ovarian cancer and small cell carcinoma of the lung. This cytotoxic agent has clearly been demonstrated to be a useful drug in a population of patients with both of these conditions. However, the description of the nature of the toxicity, as stated in the manuscript, must be questioned along with comments made regarding the relative toxicity of alternative cytotoxic agents frequently used in similar settings. The purpose of this discussion absolutely is not to negate the unquestioned, demonstrated usefulness of topotecan as second-line therapy in ovarian cancer but rather to point out that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved dose level of 1.5 mg/m2 per day × 5 days can cause substantial and highly clinically relevant bone marrow toxicity. Whether this toxicity, which can result in a level of fatigue that may cause responding patients to discontinue treatment, should simply be labeled “excessive” rather than “cumulative” appears to be a matter of semantics rather than an important distinction. Whether delivery of a lower dose of topotecan (1 mg/m2–1.25 mg/m2 per day × 5 days) will essentially eliminate concern for the development of severe clinically relevant marrow toxicity is uncertain, but the risk will certainly be substantially reduced.
A Generalized Multivariate Autoregressive (GmAR)-Based Approach for EEG Source Connectivity Analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Studying brain connectivity has provided new insights to the understanding of brain function. While connectivity measures are conventionally computed from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals directly, the presence of volume conduction represents a serious confound affecting interpretation of results. A common solution is to use a two-stage approach which involves estimating underlying brain sources from scalp EEG recordings and subsequently estimating the connectivity between the inferred sources. Recently, a state-space framework which jointly models the instantaneous mixing effects of volume conduction and the causal relationships between underlying brain sources is proposed. In this paper, we extend the state-space framework and model the source activity by a generalized multivariate autoregressive (mAR) process with possibly non-Gaussian noise. A maximum likelihood estimation approach is developed which allows simultaneous estimation of both the mixing matrix and AR model parameters directly from scalp EEG. The proposed technique was verified with simulated EEG data generated using the single-shell spherical head model and demonstrated improved estimation accuracies compared to conventional two-stage connectivity estimation approaches. Furthermore, the proposed technique was applied to EEG data collected from normal and Parkinson's subjects performing a right-handed force-tracking task with differing amounts of visual feedback. The partial directed coherence (PDC) between sources showed significant differences between groups and conditions. These results suggest that the proposed technique is a powerful method to extract connectivity information from EEG recordings.
CAESALPINIA SUBGENUS MEZONEURON (LEGUMINOSAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) FROM THE TERTIARY OF NORTH AMERICA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Legume fruits from the Eocene of Tennessee and Wyoming and the Miocene of Idaho are described and assigned to Caesalpinia subgenus Mezoneuron (Caesalpinioideae), an extant Paleotropical taxon that does not occur in North or South America today. Morphological and anatomical details of the fruits are used in evaluating their systematic relationships. The features of the fossil fruits are accommodated only within this extant subgenus. These fossils represent the only reliable known occurrence of C. subgenus Mezoneuron in the paleobotanical record. These fossils suggest that subgenus Mezoneuron was distinct from subgenus Caesalpinia by the Middle Eocene. Further, they document the widespread occurrence of this currently Paleotropical group for at least 30 million years in North America.
Chemical Constituents from Uncaria scandens Smith.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Five compounds were isolated from the stem branch with hooks of Uncaria scandens Smith. by column chromatography, and elucidated as methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (1), dibutyl phthalate (2), uncarine E (3), vincosamide (4) and cadambine (5) respectively. All compounds were fi rst obtained from this plant.
Association of dyslalias and dentomaxillary anomalies in children. Review of the literature.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

It is common to find children with problems to communicate and this can be the product of a speech disorder, which corresponds to an alteration that involves the pronunciation or production of sounds. The most frequent speech disorder among school children is dislalias, with a prevalence of 70%. The malocclusions occupy the third place of prevalence within oral health problems, after dental caries and periodontal disease. Latin America has a worrying situation in this regard, with high levels of incidence and prevalence of malocclusions that exceed 85% of the population. The aim of this study is to review the existing association between dentomaxillary anomalies and dyslalias in children described in the literature for children and adolescents. In general terms, there are few studies that have evaluated this association. There is a positive association between the presence of dentomaxillary anomalies and the presence of dyslalias. Despite the above, there are few studies that have evaluated this association, so it is necessary to conduct more studies in this area.
Development of an IoT-Based Parking Space Management System Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the improvement of people's quality of life and the rapid development of the automobile consumer market, the problem of urban parking difficulties has become increasingly prominent. In addition to the insufficiency of the number of supporting parking spaces, the backwardness of the traditional parking lot operation model has led to insufficient openness and transparency of various information, which limits the ability of drivers to obtain parking space information, and limited parking spaces cannot be adequately obtained. Utilization is also one of the reasons for the increasing difficulty of urban parking. This article aims to study the design of parking space management system based on Internet of Things technology, choose TechIO technology to realize wireless communication between parking spaces in the parking lot, analyze the advantages of TechIO technology and the needs of parking space management system, and build a simulation based on the system design the test environment has made relevant tests on the various items of the system. The test results show that the use of TechIO technology makes the system have the characteristics of strong adaptability, low cost, and low power consumption, which not only eliminates the complicated wiring costs in the parking lot, but also brings great convenience to the deployment of parking lot nodes.
A twin herbal formula has gained sufficient clinical and laboratory evidences to be accepted as an effective cardio-vascular protective supplement

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A two herbs formula has been successfully used as a cardiovascular supplement (tonic) to maintain a healthy vascular endothelial state in four groups of patients presenting with different symptom manifestations: coronary obstruction; hypertension; menopausal cardiovascular instability; and peripheral arterial disease. In parallel with the four clinical trials carried out separately in over ten years, laboratory platform studies to find out the mechanisms of action of the herbal formula have been carried out. The bioactivity tests demonstrated the general efficacy of the formula as being anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative; while in addition, specific influences on vascular relaxation, cardiac protection, endothelial stability and blood lipid cholesterol adjustments were demonstrated.
Helicobacter pylori induced cognitive dysfunction might be associated with falls and fractures in cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In their prospective series, Soriano et al.1 concluded that cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a factor associated with falls in patients with cirrhosis, and further studies are warranted to address the mechanisms implicated in this predisposition and to design preventive strategies. Apart from CD causes that can be the result of multiple issues, including the etiology of cirrhosis, mentioned by the authors,1 Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) appears to be a common denominator associated with CD-related falls and fractures and liver cirrhosis.2-4 In this respect, we reported that Hp-I is frequently detected in neurodegenerative diseases including CD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Hp eradication may positively influence AD manifestations at 2- and 5-year clinical endpoints,2 thereby supporting a role for this common infection in the pathobiology of the disease. Others also found that AD patients infected by Hp tended to be more cognitively impaired, and patients with dementia have a higher risk of falls and fractures3; Hp-I may also be responsible for osteoporosis. Moreover, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are among the commonest causes of liver cirrhosis worldwide4, 5 and Hp-I is strongly associated with HBV- and HCV-related cirrhosis in Europe (Italy); Hp-I is more common in cirrhosis patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) than in those without,5 and HE is not a fully reversible condition. Summarizing the aforementioned data, Hp may be involved in the pathophysiology of cirrhosis-related CD by several mechanisms,4 such as the release of proinflammatory and vasoactive substances, involved through blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, in a number of vascular disorders including AD, which can lead to long-term neurologic deficits; promoting platelet-leukocyte aggregation proposed to play pathophysiologic roles in AD and liver fibrosis; producing reactive oxygen metabolites involved in the AD pathophysiology and complications of cirrhosis; or influencing the apoptotic process, an important form of cell death in AD and cirrhosis. Finally, activated monocytes (possibly infected with Hp due to defective autophagy resulting in Hp replication in autophagic vesicles) might also enter the brain due to BBB disruption contributing to cirrhosis-related CD development associated with falls and fractures.3 Jannis Kountouras M.D., Ph.D.*, Christos Zavos M.D., Ph.D.*, Georgia Deretzi M.D., Ph.D.*, Elizabeth Vardaka Ph.D.*, Marina Boziki M.D.*, Emmanouel Gavalas M.D.*, George Kouklakis M.D., Ph.D.*, Panagiotis Katsinelos M.D., Ph.D.*, Ioannis Venizelos M.D., Ph.D.*, Christina Nikolaidou M.D.*, Stergios A. Polyzos M.D., Ph.D.*, Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou M.D., Ph.D.*, * Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies ofDelonix regia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of Delonix regia seeds of family Leguminosae. The seeds were collected from its pods after authentication, shade dried and various pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis were performed. The pharmacognostical parameters studied were macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis and chromatography. The coarsely powdered seeds were extracted with various extract and phytochemical screening were performed. The phytochemical screening revealed that the presence of secondary metabolites such as Flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, saponins and fixed oils in Delonix regia seeds. All the parameters were studied according to the WHO and Pharmacopoeial guidelines. HPTLC and TLC analysis were also performed. These pharmacognostical data are helpful to determine its identity, where as the Photochemical studies are useful to bring out the various pharmacological activity it may posses, based on the active constituent present in them.
Factors Controlling Dead Wood Decomposition in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest in Central Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dead wood represents an important pool of carbon and nitrogen in forest ecosystems. This source of soil organic matter has diverse ecosystem functions that include, among others, carbon and nitrogen cycling. However, information is limited on how deadwood properties such as chemical composition, decomposer abundance, community composition, and age correlate and affect decomposition rate. Here, we targeted coarse dead wood of beech, spruce, and fir, namely snags and tree trunks (logs) in an old-growth temperate forest in central Europe; measured their decomposition rate as CO2 production in situ; and analyzed their relationships with other measured variables. Respiration rate of dead wood showed strong positive correlation with acid phosphatase activity and negative correlation with lignin content. Fungal biomass (ergosterol content) and moisture content were additional predictors. Our results indicate that dead wood traits, including tree species, age, and position (downed/standing), affected dead wood chemical properties, microbial biomass, moisture condition, and enzyme activity through changes in fungal communities and ultimately influenced the decomposition rate of dead wood.
Implementation of side-channel leakage detection technique based on normalized inter-class variance method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents anew mathematical method for parasitic signal analyzing. NICV (Normalized Inter-Class Variance) method allows reducing considerably of computing and time expenditure in carrying out side channel attacks. To analyze NICV efficiency mathematical statistics methods and theory of probability were used. The paper presents an algorithm implementing NICV within a developed software package. The main shortcomings of the existing solutions have been taking into consideration during development of the new software: architecture of the presented software is easily extensible for adding new tools; unified format is used for all processing data. NICV was tested on the first round of 64-bit Data Encryption Standard algorithm. To assess the effectiveness two attacks based on differential power analysis and correlation power analysis have been simulated. Another advantage of the package is flexibility in adding of new methods for processing, saving, both original information and its new statuses in the database after carrying out signal processing.Side-Channel Attacks (SCA) are considered as a serious threat for data protected by cryptographic devices. Therefore such devices must be tested for resistance to these attacks. It should be taken into account that SCA are very powerful tool but they require significant computation capacity, especially in case of countermeasures. Presented software package program can help to analyze cryptographic devices on resistance to SCA and implemented NICV method allows decreasing of time and computation costs.
Supplementary information-MaskSCFormer: A novel Transformer–CNN hybrid model for precise delineation of Sonneratia apetala tree crowns from UAV imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

These images are data for a paper on single tree segmentation of mangrove forests.Title: MaskSCFormer: A novel Transformer–CNN hybrid model for precise delineation of Sonneratia apetala tree crowns from UAV imageryJournal: GIScience & Remote Sensing
Prognostic factors in management of postoperative spondylodiscitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundSpinal infection is an uncommon disease, which may result in serious complications with potentially high morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the outcome of patients with postoperative spondylodiscitis after management in relation to age, sex, general condition, symptoms, signs, radiological findings, type, and time of intervention.Patients and methodsA prospective study was conducted on 20 patients having postoperative spinal infection managed in the period between June 2017 to June 2019 in the Neurosurgery Department at Menoufia University Hospitals and Al Haram Hospital. Patients with postoperative spinal infection were evaluated neurologically by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, pain was evaluated by Denis score, and they were followed up radiologically by MRI and radiography for assessment of their neurological integrity, deficits, and outcome.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between postmanagement Denis pain score, ASIA score, and C-reactive protein as compared with before management (P<0.001). Outcome of the 20 patients was categorized according to Odom's criteria as follows: 12 (60%) patients had excellent outcome, six (30%) patients had good outcome, one (5%) patient had fair outcome, and one (5%) patient had poor outcome.ConclusionAmong the wide variety of organisms responsible for postoperative spinal infection, we found that Staphylococcus aureus accounted for most of it. The best modality of treatment is medical treatment with antibiotics and surgical management when failure of the medical one or presence of neurological deficits.
A Review of Facial Thermography Assessment for Vital Signs Estimation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Estimated vital signs might include a variety of measurements that can be used in detecting any abnormal conditions by analyzing facial images from continuous monitoring with a thermal video camera. To overcome the limitless human visual perceptions, thermal infrared has proven to be the most effective technique for visualizing facial colour changes that could have been reflected by changes in oxygenation levels and blood volume in facial arteries. This study investigated the possibility of vital signs estimation using physiological function images converted from thermal infrared images in the same ways that visible images are used, with a need for an efficient extractor method as correction procedures that have used datasets that include images with and without wearing glasses or protective face masks. This paper, summarize thermal images using advanced machine learning and deep learning methods with satisfactory performance. Also, we presented the evaluation matrices that were included in the assessment based on statistical analysis, accuracy measures and error measures. Finally, to discuss future gaps and directions for further evaluations.