jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Estimating the attenuation due to combined atmospheric effects on modern Earth-space paths

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the emergence of new satellite-communications systems operating in the Ka band, the role of atmospheric effects on propagation paths has gained increased significance. The impairing factors of rain have always been considered when designing links at above 10 GHz. However, water vapor, clouds, and oxygen, which were previously considered "secondary affects", are now appearing to play a statistically significant part in the overall degradation of signal strength. A method for statistically combining all attenuators to provide a composite attenuation is now presented.
Advanced-Country Policies and Emerging-Market Currencies: The Impact of U.S. Tapering on India's Rupee

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers28 May 2015Advanced-Country Policies and Emerging-Market Currencies: The Impact of U.S. Tapering on India's RupeeAuthors/Editors: Yuki Ikeda, Denis Medvedev, Martin RamaYuki Ikeda, Denis Medvedev, Martin Ramahttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7219SectionsAboutPDF (1.3 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: The global financial crisis and its aftermath have triggered extraordinary policy responses in advanced countries. The impacts of these policy responses—from asset price bubbles to currency depreciations—have often been felt in the developing world. As tapering talk evolves into actual withdrawal of quantitative easing in the United States, and as the Euro Zone launches its own quantitative easing program, there are good reasons to be concerned about the financial stability of emerging economies. India's experience with U.S. tapering offers insights into what to expect. This paper estimates the contribution of external and domestic factors to short-term fluctuations in the value of the Indian rupee between 2004 and 2014, using a rich dynamic model that controls for a large number of exchange rate determinants. The paper finds that a global surprise factor, more than domestic vulnerabilities, was the main driver of the large rupee depreciation in summer 2013. With the surprise factor gone, further normalization of U.S. monetary policy is unlikely to have significant effects on the rupee exchange rate. Previous bookNext book FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: March 2015 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsSouth AsiaRelated CountriesIndia KeywordsEXCHANGE RATEINDIAN RUPEETAPERING PDF DownloadLoading ...
<strong>Diyne formation from alkynes in the presence of palladium pincer complexes</strong>

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1,3-Diynes are valuable building blocks for biologically active molecules and precursors of polymers, macrocycles and supramolecular structures. The combination of metal catalysts and molecular oxygen is considered a suitable protocol for the direct homocoupling of alkynes leading to diynes. Regarding the catalyst, palladium species have proved to be efficient and selective, but copper salts as co-catalysts and/or stoichiometric amounts of reoxidants are often needed. Palladium pincer complexes are presented as alternative palladium sources for the homocoupling of alkynes in an environmentally friendly solvent as polyethylene glycol, in the absence of any other co-catalyst and under aerobic conditions
NSs Virulence Factor of Rift Valley Fever Virus Engages the F-Box Proteins FBXW11 and β-TRCP1 To Degrade the Antiviral Protein Kinase PKR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV, family Bunyaviridae , genus Phlebovirus ) is a relevant pathogen of both humans and livestock in Africa. The nonstructural protein NSs is a major virulence factor known to suppress the type I interferon (IFN) response by inhibiting host cell transcription and by proteasomal degradation of a major antiviral IFN effector, the translation-inhibiting protein kinase PKR. Here, we identified components of the modular SCF (Skp1, Cul1, F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases as mediators of PKR destruction by NSs. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against the conserved SCF subunit Skp1 protected PKR from NSs-mediated degradation. Consequently, RVFV replication was severely reduced in Skp1-depleted cells when PKR was present. SCF complexes have a variable F-box protein subunit that determines substrate specificity for ubiquitination. We performed an siRNA screen for all (about 70) human F-box proteins and found FBXW11 to be involved in PKR degradation. The partial stabilization of PKR by FBXW11 depletion upregulated PKR autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the PKR substrate eIF2α and caused a shutoff of host cell protein synthesis in RVFV-infected cells. To maximally protect PKR from the action of NSs, knockdown of structurally and functionally related FBXW1 (also known as β-TRCP1), in addition to FBXW11 deletion, was necessary. Consequently, NSs was found to interact with both FBXW11 and β-TRCP1. Thus, NSs eliminates the antiviral kinase PKR by recruitment of SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases containing FBXW11 and β-TRCP1 as substrate recognition subunits. This antagonism of PKR by NSs is essential for efficient RVFV replication in mammalian cells. IMPORTANCE Rift Valley fever virus is a pathogen of humans and animals that has the potential to spread from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to other regions. A major virulence mechanism is the proteasomal degradation of the antiviral kinase PKR by the viral protein NSs. Here, we demonstrate that NSs requires E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes of the SCF (Skp1, Cul1, F-box protein) type to destroy PKR. SCF-type complexes can engage variant ubiquitination substrate recognition subunits, and we found the F-box proteins FBXW11 and β-TRCP1 to be relevant for the action of NSs against PKR. Thus, we identified the host cell factors that are critically needed by Rift Valley fever virus to uphold its replication against the potent antiviral kinase PKR.
Design and fabrication of the SCUBA-2 detector for the JCM telescope

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of the prototype IR detector technology for the 5,120 pixel SCUBA-2 array (Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array), which is to be mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) in Hawaii. The existing detector (SCUBA-1) consists of a 128 element feedhorn array but this technology is impractical for large arrays, as each feedhorn needs to be individually grown on a mandrel and then assembled. The design being developed for the replacement detector is based upon silicon micromachining, with Transition Edge Sensors (TES) being used to detect incoming radiation with wavelengths of 450 and 850m. Each TES (60nm Cu, 200nm Mo is located on a silicon brick suspended on a 500nm silicon nitride membrane and is supported by a silicon micromachined waffle. The purpose of the membrane with its essentially 2D phonon transport behavior is to thermally isolate each pixel. As with all array based technologies communication with each element is obviously essential and in this system it is achieved with low temperature indium bump bonding which connects each TES to a SQUID multiplexer chip. The SQUID chip contains Josephson junctions which very much depend upon nanoscale layer thicknesses. The SCUBA-2 detector operates at 100mK and consequently involves integration with low temperature electronics and the associated interconnect. The integration of nanoscale membranes and transition edge sensors together with microsystem technology enables the system to have 10-17W (1 Hz bandwidth) sensitivity to incoming radiation. (7 pages)
Education and Consumption Differentials: Evidence from an Emerging Country

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the effects of education level on consumption in an emerging country by using the 2004 Turkish Household Budget Survey. Education level is very important in determining consumption quintiles. There is no person with a graduate degree found in the poorest twenty percent and only 0.18 percent of poorest quintile consists of people with a bachelor degree. Regression analysis shows that one extra year of schooling increases consumption by 10.2 percent on average and people with a graduate degree consume about 201.6 percent more than illiterate people in Turkey
Contribution of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) to the study of aminoglycoside induced ototoxicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin and amikacin, are well-established. Otoacoustic emissions have been reported to be more sensitive in early detection of hearing loss than other methods, such as the conventional pure tone audiometry. This study aimed to investigate the ability of the Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) to detect early changes of the cochlear activity following administration of aminoglycosides. Materials and method: This is a prospective experimental study. Eight rabbits were included in the study. Three of the subjects were injected intramuscularly with amikacin and another three with gentamicin. One rabbit from each group was injected with a combination of aminoglycoside and fourosemide. All the animals were subjected to DPOAEs every two days since the beginning of the experiment for 14 days. Two animals were used as a control group. Results: Differences in the time of detection of changes of cochlear function were noticed between the animals that received gentamicin, gentamicin and furosemide, amikacin or amikacin and furosemide. The control animals did not present changes of cochlear function over the 14 days of the experiment. Conclusions: DPOAEs are objective, noninvasive and rapid measures used to determine cochlear function. As a method it has the ability to detect abnormal cochlear activity in early stages when hearing impairment caused by ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides has not been established.
Quick Response of Plasma Amino Acid Concentration to Dietary Excess Amino Acids in Laying Hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

単一または複数のアミノ酸を同時に過剰添加したときに,どのアミノ酸の血漿濃度がいつ反応し,その反応が長期に渡り保持されるか否かを明らかにするために2つの試験を行った.15ヵ月齢の産卵鶏を単飼し,トウモロコシ,フスマおよびコーングルテンミールを主体とする基礎飼料を14日間給与した後,試験1では,それぞれのNRCのアミノ酸要求量の40%を含む4種類(Arg, His, Phe, Met)および3種類(Ile, Thr, Va1)のアミノ酸の混合物を,試験2では,10種類(Arg, Ile, Gly, Glu, Thr,His, Phe, Met, Lys, Leu)のアミノ酸を同じくNRC要求量の40%ずつおよび基礎飼料中の40%に相当するGluを単独に添加した試験飼料に切り替えた.飼料切り替え後,経日的に採血を行った.飼料にアミノ酸を混合添加したとき,HisとPhe以外のアミノ酸の血漿濃度は別々に4日までに添加アミノ酸に応答し,応答した血漿遊離アミノ酸濃度は試験終了日である24日目まで持続された.単独に添加した場合,Glu, His,およびPhe以外のアミノ酸の血漿中濃度は4日目までに応答し,その状態は20日目まで持続された.
Adaptive evolutionary neural architecture search based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network for electric rudder fault diagnosis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The electric rudder is the core actuator of the flight control system. Fault diagnosis of rudders is essential for the production and repair of rudders. While existing methods for rudder fault diagnosis are effective, the manual design of neural network models is a time-consuming and challenging process. Therefore, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis framework for the electric rudder based on an adaptive evolutionary neural architecture search (AENAS-FD). AENAS-FD employs an adaptive strategy to guide the evolution of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network towards achieving optimal diagnostic accuracy. This adaptive strategy adjusts the relevant parameters of the genetic operator based on the relationship between individual and population fitness. This leads to improved algorithm search performance and mitigates premature convergence. The experiments on the real electric rudder dataset demonstrate that AENAS-FD can generate superior network architectures for diagnosing rudder faults, exhibiting better diagnostic accuracy when compared to manually designed networks.
Polyhedral auto-transformation with no integer linear programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

State-of-the-art algorithms used in automatic polyhedral transformation for parallelization and locality optimization typically rely on Integer Linear Programming (ILP). This poses a scalability issue when scaling to tens or hundreds of statements, and may be disconcerting in production compiler settings. In this work, we consider relaxing integrality in the ILP formulation of the Pluto algorithm, a popular algorithm used to find good affine transformations. We show that the rational solutions obtained from the relaxed LP formulation can easily be scaled to valid integral ones to obtain desired solutions, although with some caveats. We first present formal results connecting the solution of the relaxed LP to the original Pluto ILP. We then show that there are difficulties in realizing the above theoretical results in practice, and propose an alternate approach to overcome those while still leveraging linear programming. Our new approach obtains dramatic compile-time speedups for a range of large benchmarks. While achieving these compile-time improvements, we show that the performance of the transformed code is not sacrificed. Our approach to automatic transformation provides a mean compilation time improvement of 5.6x over state-of-the-art on relevant challenging benchmarks from the NAS PB, SPEC CPU 2006, and PolyBench suites. We also came across situations where prior frameworks failed to find a transformation in a reasonable amount of time, while our new approach did so instantaneously.
K-HATERS: A Hate Speech Detection Corpus in Korean with Target-Specific Ratings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Numerous datasets have been proposed to combat the spread of online hate. Despite these efforts, a majority of these resources are English-centric, primarily focusing on overt forms of hate. This research gap calls for developing high-quality corpora in diverse languages that also encapsulate more subtle hate expressions. This study introduces K-HATERS, a new corpus for hate speech detection in Korean, comprising approximately 192K news comments with target-specific offensiveness ratings. This resource is the largest offensive language corpus in Korean and is the first to offer target-specific ratings on a three-point Likert scale, enabling the detection of hate expressions in Korean across varying degrees of offensiveness. We conduct experiments showing the effectiveness of the proposed corpus, including a comparison with existing datasets. Additionally, to address potential noise and bias in human annotations, we explore a novel idea of adopting the Cognitive Reflection Test, which is widely used in social science for assessing an individual's cognitive ability, as a proxy of labeling quality. Findings indicate that annotations from individuals with the lowest test scores tend to yield detection models that make biased predictions toward specific target groups and are less accurate. This study contributes to the NLP research on hate speech detection and resource construction. The code and dataset can be accessed at https://github.com/ssu-humane/K-HATERS.
[Early carcinoma of the stomach. Observations of the course over 23 months. A case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of an early cancer of the stomach is reported, in which the development of the lesion could be followed by repeated biopsies. Because of a high cardial risk of the patient, the tumor was resected as late as 23 months after the first diagnosis. During this time the lesion changed from a borderline lesion into an early cancer with penetration into the submucosa.
Effect of Dietary Fat Supplement on Lipid Metabolism of Holstein Heifers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty Holstein heifers were fed four rations containing 0, 10, 20, and 30% whole sunflower seed as a source of dietary fat. All rations consisted of alfalfa hay, sunflower hulls, and grain mixtures and were isonitrogenous at 12% crude protein and isocaloric at 2.6 Mcal metabolizable energy per kilogram dry matter. Average body weight gains were not different among treatment groups. Heifers fed sunflower seed (fat) diets consumed less total dry matter, significantly improving growth efficiency (gain/feed). Concentration of total lipid and urea nitrogen in blood serum were increased whereas glucose was depressed with higher amounts of dietary fat. High fat diets (20 and 30%) elevated total lipid, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acids in the blood. Total and free cholesterol in blood also were increased, but high density lipoprotein-cholesterol remained unchanged with increasing concentration of dietary fat. Dietary fat was correlated positively with lipid components of blood serum and negatively with glucose.
Self‐expansion and compression of charged clusters of stabilized jellium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a positively charged metallic cluster, surface tension tends to enhance the ionic density with respect to its bulk value, while surface-charge repulsion tends to reduce it. Using the stabilized jellium model, we examine the self-expansion and compression of positively charged clusters of simply metals. Quantal results from the Kohn-Sham equations using the local density approximation are compared with continuous results from the liquid drop model. The positive background is constrained to a spherical shape. Numerical results for the equilibrium radius and the elastic stiffness are presented for singly and doubly positively charged aluminum, sodium, and cesium clusters of 1–20 atoms. Self-expansion occurs for small charged clusters of sodium and cesium, but not of aluminum. The effect of the expansion or compression on the ionization energies is analyzed. For Al6, we also consider net charges greater than 2+. The results of the stabilized jellium model for self-compression are compared with those of other models, including the SAPS (spherical averaged pseudopotential model). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chronic Shift-Lag Alters the Circadian Clock of NK Cells and Promotes Lung Cancer Growth in Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prolonged subjection to unstable work or lighting schedules, particularly in rotating shift-workers, is associated with an increased risk of immune-related diseases, including several cancers. Consequences of chronic circadian disruption may also extend to the innate immune system to promote cancer growth, as NK cell function is modulated by circadian mechanisms and plays a key role in lysis of tumor cells. To determine if NK cell function is disrupted by a model of human shift-work and jet-lag, Fischer (344) rats were exposed to either a standard 12:12 light-dark cycle or a chronic shift-lag paradigm consisting of 10 repeated 6-h photic advances occurring every 2 d, followed by 5–7 d of constant darkness. This model resulted in considerable circadian disruption, as assessed by circadian running-wheel activity. NK cells were enriched from control and shifted animals, and gene, protein, and cytolytic activity assays were performed. Chronic shift-lag altered the circadian expression of clock genes, Per2 and Bmal1, and cytolytic factors, perforin and granzyme B, as well as the cytokine, IFN-γ. These alterations were correlated with suppressed circadian expression of NK cytolytic activity. Further, chronic shift-lag attenuated NK cell cytolytic activity under stimulated in vivo conditions, and promoted lung tumor growth following i.v. injection of MADB106 tumor cells. Together, these findings suggest chronic circadian disruption promotes tumor growth by altering the circadian rhythms of NK cell function.
Characteristics of the Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria Derived from the Rhizosphere of Persimmon Tree in Beijing and their Plant Growth-Promoting Potential

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, fourteen active phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were obtained by qualitative and quantitative experiments from the rhizosphere of persimmon grown in Beijing, China, with a relatively dry climate. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the PSB isolates were clustered under two phyla with Proteobacteria (accounting for 64.28%) and Firmicutes (35.72%). The former included four genera, Pseudomonas (28.57%), Phyllobacterium (21.43%), Variovorax (7.14%), and Mesorhizobium (7.14%), while Bacillus (21.43%) and Paenibacillus (14.29%) belonged to Firmicutes. These PSB strains showed different degrees of phosphate solubilization capacity from 8.36 to 226.28 mg/L in the fermentation culture. Further, the plant growth-promoting potentials include indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and proteases. Among them, eleven PSB strains produced IAA, ten strains had proteolytic activity, and four can produce siderophores. Significantly, this study was the first report of the PSB derived from the rhizosphere of persimmon trees, and the new functions of some isolates were detected as follows, V. soli SHI05 and M. helmanticense SHI08 can simultaneously produce IAA, siderophores, and proteases, P. knackmussii SHI01 and P. sophorae SHI12 can produce IAA, P. frederiksbergensis SHI02, P. illinoisensis SHI09, and P. illinoisensis SHI13 can secrete proteases, P. sophorae SHI03 can produce siderophores. The effect of bacterial inoculation on the early growth of mung bean revealed that V. soil SHI05 can distinctly improve the seed vigor index, total length, fresh weight, dry weight, and root activity of mung bean, increasing by 28.65, 28.71, 174.14, 237.56, and 9.39%, respectively, compared to the positive control (Bacillus megaterium). This showed that the rhizosphere of the persimmon tree was rich in diverse and multifunctional PSB, and V. soli SHI05 may have great potential to become a high-quality candidate microbial fertilizer agent in promoting the growth of mung bean.