jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using Curve Fitting in Error Correcting Output Codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) represent any number of the binary classifiers to model the multiclass problems successfully. In this paper, we have used Curve Fitting as a binary classifier in ECOC algorithm to solve multiclass classification problems. Curve Fitting is a classifier based on a nonlinear decision boundary that separates two pattern classes by the curves of the best fit, and arriving at optimal boundary points between two classes. Since we need a coding and a decoding strategy to design an ECOC system, this paper gives five coding and eight decoding strategies of ECOC and compares the results of Curve Fitting with Adaboost classification and Nearest Mean Classifier (NMC). This evaluation has been performed on different data sets of UCI machine learning repository. The results indicate that One-versus-one, ECOC-ONE coding and LAP, BDEN decoding having the best results in contrast with another coding and decoding strategies and Curve Fitting is a good base classifier in ECOC, also it is comparable with the other ECOC approaches.
Biodegradation potential of native hydrocarbon degrading bacteria by using bio-stimulation on crude oil in soils of Khuzestan province (Abadan, Ahvaz and Andimeshk) –Iran

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil bioremediation using microorganisms is a safe, inexpensive and environmentally friendly method designed to remove hazardous pollutants. In this study, a consortium of native bacteria isolated from three different soil types in Khuzestan Province was used. Result show that the data follow the quadratic equation and consortium isolated from the soil of Abadan was selected as a desired consortium for confirmatory tests. By increasing humidity content, the percentage of TPH removal also increased. (NH4)NO3 was selected as the best nitrogen source by the software and by increasing the concentration of nitrogen, the percentage of TPH removal also increased. The best yield for total petroleum hydrocarbons removal was observed when saline soil was used as a soil sample, the reasons for which can be related to the better yield of the consortium separated from Abadan soil. By increasing the amount of hydrocarbons, the percentage of TPH removal reduced, and the two are inversely related, and the lower the initial amount of hydrocarbon, the more desired the conditions for faster adaptation of microorganisms and less toxicity of the environment, and percentage of TPH removal increased.
Existence of solutions for systems arising in electromagnetism

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the following $p(x)$-curl systems: \begin{eqnarray*} \begin{cases} \nabla\times(|\nabla\times \mathbf{u}|^{p(x)-2}\nabla\times \mathbf{u})+a(x)|\mathbf{u}|^{p(x)-2}\mathbf{u}=λf(x,\mathbf{u})+μg(x,\mathbf{u}),\quad\nabla\cdot \mathbf{u}=0,\; \mbox{ in } Ω, \\ |\nabla\times \mathbf{u}|^{p(x)-2}\nabla\times \mathbf{u}\times \mathbf{n}=0,\quad \mathbf{u}\cdot \mathbf{n}=0, \mbox{ on } \partialΩ, \end{cases} \end{eqnarray*} where $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$ is a bounded simply connected domain with a $C^{1,1}$-boundary, denoted by $\partial Ω$, $p:\overlineΩ\to (1, +\infty)$ is a continuous function, $a \in L^\infty(Ω)$, $f,g : Ω\times \mathbb{R}^{3}\to \mathbb{R}^{3}$ are Carathéodory functions, and $λ,μ$ are two parameters. Using variational arguments based on Fountain theorem and Dual Fountain theorem, we establish some existence and non-existence results for solutions of this problem. Our main results generalize the results of Xiang et al. (J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2017), Bahrouni and Repovš (Complex Var. Elliptic Equ., 2018), and Ge and Lu (Mediterr. J. Math., 2019).
Studies on human prothymocytes by means of an agar T-cell colony assay.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The identity of bone marrow (BM) T colony-forming cells has led to controversy because of BM contamination with mature T cells having clonogenic potential. To circumvent this problem, extensive purging of BM cells was achieved, using E-rosetting and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, with a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs): CD6 + CD8 + CD4 + CD2 and two successive rabbit Complement (C) treatments. This resulted in a 2-log elimination of mature T cells, as assessed by marker studies. T-cell-depleted marrow (TDBM) was plated in agar in the presence of PHA- and B+ null cell-derived prothymocyte differentiating activity (PTDA). Two peaks of colony formation were observed on days 7 and 10 of incubation. Both seven- and ten-day colonies contained mainly T4+ and only a few T8+ cells, which also expressed T3, T11, HLA-DR, and Tac antigens. These colony-forming cells were enriched (three- to fourfold) by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. These results point to the existence of marrow T-cell progenitors, which differ in their kinetics of colony generation and surface markers.
Global systematic review and meta-analysis of health-related quality of life in Behcet's patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As the symptoms of BD worsen over time, patients confront with more severe body pain, mobility restrictions, and difficulties in chewing, eating, speaking and swallowing which negatively affect social interactions of patients and reduce their QOL. Furthermore, depression was proved to act as a deteriorating factor for Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among BD patients. Thus, patients need to be psychologically supported by a specialized team and be informed during the course of treatment to gain useful information about the disease, treatment approaches and coping strategies.
Swarm Operation System and Its Intelligent Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As a new operational pattern for the intelligent, unmanned, and networked battlefield in the future, swarm operation has become a research focus of all countries for its unique strengths and has been playing an increasingly important role in warfare. The origin and development trend of swarm operations are reviewed in this paper, to lay a foundation for future studies in this realm. Domestic and foreign development progress are summarized; representative swarm operation projects in the United States are introduced; and key technologies for intelligent swarm operations are analyzed for different operational missions.
Characteristics of rainstorm in Fujian induced by typhoon passing through Taiwan Island

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Based on the typhoon track and intensity data and the precipitation data of typhoon in China during 1961–2020, the overall characteristics of the rainstorm in Fujian caused by typhoon passing though Taiwan Island were studied. More than 80 percent of typhoons passing though the Taiwan Island can bring heavy rain to Fujian. There are 1.5 events of typhoon rainstorm in Fujian every year, and the average annual impact days are 3.0. In terms of spatial distribution, the frequency and intensity of cross-island typhoon rainstorm decrease rapidly from the coastal areas of Fujian to the inland areas, and Zherong, Changle and Jiu xianshan stations in the coastal areas are the high value centers. The typhoon paths of cross-island typhoon rainstorm in Fujian are mainly divided into three categories: landing-Fujian type (including landing-Fujian northeast turning, landing-Fujian middle northbound and landing-Fujian south westbound), landing-Guangdong and Zhejiang type and offshore turning type, among which landing-Fujian type typhoon has the most significant influence(only the landing-Fujian type appears the rainstorm of ≥50 mm·(24 h)−1), and the rainstorm intensity, influence range and asymmetrical structure of the rainstorm are the strongest, the most extensive and the most significant in the landing-Fujian middle northbound path. Based on the NCEP reanalysis data, the comparative analysis of the environmental fields causing the difference of precipitation intensity between the two typhoons landing-Fujian middle northbound and landing-Fujian south westbound shows that: To the landing-Fujian middle northbound track, strong wind speed area on the north side of the typhoon center leads to strong onshore winds, in the role of mountain terrain, piedmont has better convergence and very strong deep vertical upward movement, with better moisture conditions, it can send low high-energy water vapor to the middle, the precipitation dynamics and water vapor conditions are significantly stronger than the landing-Fujian south westbound track, resulting in more typhoon heavy rain.
Comparative examination of the speed of release of Pyridoxin HCL of vitamin B6 tablets á 20 mg

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Of commercial reasons, Vitamin B6 20 mg tablets which are produced in Radovis were needed to be produced in Skopje. In order to get licenses for the production of the new location was necessary to carry out a confirmation of the existing by technology. To this end was made comparison to the more parameters (appearance, weight, strength, dimensions, fragility, disintegration, contents, uniformity of content and solubility) of tablets produced in both locations. In order to confirm the technology was needed to compare the solubility of the two products in three different media (0.1 M HCl with pH=1.2, acetate buffer with pH=4.5 and phosphate buffer with pH=6.8). Liberation of HCl was monitored pyridoxine in 12 tablets of the old site and 12 tablets of the new location, in three intervals of Solubility of tablets in all three media. It is made statistical processing of the received data confirming the transfer of technology.
Abstract 72: A Novel VLSM-CST Lesion Load Model is a Superior Predictor of Motor Outcomes of Acute Stroke Patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Lesion load of the Corticospinal Tract (CST-LL) can predict 64% of the variance in 3-months outcome of acute stroke patients. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have revealed brain voxels associated with motor impairment. A combined VLSM- CST-LL approach may give particular weight to voxels that are both part of an impairment map and the descending motor tracts. Hypothesis: A combined VLSM-wCST-LL model can predict acute motor outcome better than weighted CST-LL alone. Methods: We derived the VLSM map from a group of 50 chronic patients with variable motor deficits relating voxels of patients’ lesions to Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer (UE-FM) scores. A correction for multiple comparisons was applied at FDR<0.05. Resulting VLSM T-maps were multiplied using our probabilistic CST maps, and then summed to form a canonical VLSM-weighted CST tract. Individual lesion maps from 76 acute stroke patients were overlaid onto the VLSM-weighted CST map to calculate lesion load. Patients were assessed for motor impairment (UE-FM) at baseline and at 3 months. Linear regressions were fit for baseline UE-FM, wCST-LL, and Days-of-Therapy (DoT) to determine predictions of 3-months outcome. A multivariate regression was run using VSLM-weighted CST-LL, controlling for baseline UE-FM and DoT. Age was not a significant regressor. Akaike Information Criterion was run to select the best fit model. Results: The VLSM analysis determined that voxels of lesions in the precentral gyrus, premotor regions, the corona radiata region, and within the descending motor tracts were significantly related to chronic motor impairment. VLSM-CST-LL applied to a group of acute stroke patients with motor impairment predicted 85% of the variance at 3 months motor outcome. AIC results confirmed with 99% certainty that VLSM is the best fit model. Conclusions: VLSM-weighted CST-LL is the superior fit model compared to the weighted CST-LL model for predicting 3 months outcome.
sj-docx-2-gsj-10.1177_2192568220962435 – Supplemental Material for Delayed Ejaculation After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Claims Database Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-2-gsj-10.1177_2192568220962435 for Delayed Ejaculation After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Claims Database Analysis by Hriday P. Bhambhvani, Alex M. Kasman, Chiyuan A. Zhang, Serena S. Hu and Michael L. Eisenberg in Global Spine Journal
The flow around circular cylinders partially coated with porous media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are indications that the flow resistance of bodies can be reduced by a porous coating or porous sheath. A few numerical investigations exists in this field, however, experimental evidence is lacking. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the drag resistance of cylinders with porous coating has been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in wind tunnel experiments. The Reynolds number was systematically varied in the range from 104 to 1.3*105. The results show that the boundary layer over the porous surface is turbulent right from the beginning and thickens faster because of the possible vertical momentum exchange at the interface. The region of flow detachment is widened resulting in a broader area with almost vanishing low flow velocities. All in all, the measurements show that a full porous coating of the cylinders increase the flow resistance. However, the measurements show that a partial coating only on the leeward side can decrease the flow resistance of the body. This effect seems due to the fact that the recirculating velocity and the underpressure in the wake is reduced significantly through a leeward porous coating. Thus, combining a smooth non-permeable windward side with a porous-coated leeward side can lead to a reduction of the body's flow resistance. These findings can be applied advantageously in many technical areas, such as energy saving of moving bodies (cars/trains/planes) or in reducing fluid loads on submersed bodies.
The Child Rating Scale and its Use with Middle School-Age Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Child Rating Scale is a socioemotional self-report rating scale design for elementary school children. This study examined the Child Rating Scale with a middle school-age sample (Grades 5 to 8) of 240 students. The Child Rating Scale's four scales have shown moderate to high coefficients alpha. Factor analysis yielded the 4 underlying factors consistent with the current subscales. Supportive convergent validity was found based on the Child Rating Scale subscales' predicted association with the Self-perception Profile for Children and the Psychological Sense of School Membership–Brief. Consistent with current research, decline over grades in rule compliance/acting out and school interest was documented as well as the expected mean sex differences on these two subscales. Possible areas of study are indicated, and the present study's limitations are described. The Child Rating Scale seems to be a promising self-report measure for middle school-age youth.
Differential expression of ADAMTS6 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ADAMTS6, encoding ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 6, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. ADAMTS6 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. ADAMTS6 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
A priori risk-informed approach to ensure the compliance with discharge limits for liquid radioactive effluent to be discharged from APR 1400

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to develop a methodology to guarantee the conformance to operational discharge limits for liquid effluent from a NPP at an early stage of design, a risk-informed approach was proposed and its applicability was verified for APR 1400. Existing methodology to calculate risk-based detection limit for a single radionuclide was improved by incorporating a new model to derive more realistic pathway dose factors. A new simple expression was also proposed to adjust risk-based detection limits for multiple radionuclides mixture if necessary. In addition, a new procedure to warrant the compliance with discharge limits by controlling detection limits of only a few principal radionuclides was established in accordance with risk-informed concept. Through case studies for APR 1400 to be commissioned at a hypothetical site, it was shown that calculated pathway dose factors are more realistic for majority of radionuclides. It also turns out that neither present detection limits nor unadjusted risk-based detection limits can be justified when the radionuclide composition is unknown, however further adjustment of detection limits or increasing additional dilution factor resolves the problem. Finally, ten principal radionuclides were identified and shown to be enough for liquid effluent control at APR 1400 from a risk-informed point of view.
Cellulose fibers extraction from Ulva lactuca from the Black Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cellulose fibres are known for their good mechanical properties, therefore they are used as fillers in structural composite materials, including as nanofibrils in nanomaterials. Also, they are biocompatible, non-toxic and biodegradable, reason for their use in the food industry as packaging materials or in obtaining medical materials. One source of cheap, easy- to- extract cellulose is the algal mass of Ulva lactuca , one of the most frequent species found in the Black Sea. In this study, cellulose extraction from Ulva lactuca was achieved by a simple low cost physical-chemical treatment. Freshly harvested seaweed was dried at 45 °C for 48 hours, transformed into a fine powder in order to increase the contact surface between the solvents and the alga. Extraction of lipids and chlorophyll took place in Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol. Successive steps of chemical treatment, having in view removal of hydrosoluble ulvans, pigments and hemicellulose lead to a yield of 15.36% in dry matter (DM) of cellulose-rich insoluble fraction proving that Ulva Lactuca species is a viable alternative resource in cellulose production.
Comparative evaluation of innovative diagnostic tests for latent and active TВ infection in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of three new tests based on antigens CFP-10 аnd ESAT-6 were studied in 50 children: intradermal Diaskintest and tests in vitro QUANTIFERON and Tubinferon. Diaskintest and Tubinferon are developed and produced in the Russian Federation. QUANTIFERON test is performed by Cellestis (Australia). 20 children had active TB, 22 children had latent TB infection, and 8 were not infected by M. tuberculosis. It has been established that while the frequency of coincidence of the results is high (66 %), in some situations, tests may react differently and give additional information when used together in difficult diagnostic cases. In vitro tests were more sensitive compared with Diaskinintest in immunopathological conditions. Tubinferon test had higher sensitivity in latent TB infection (40.9 %) compared to Diaskintest (22.7 %) and QUANTIFERON test (31,8 %), but lower sensitivity in developed tuberculosis - 60, 80 and 85 % respectively. All three tests are more informative in TB disease than in latent TB infection. An important advantage of the Tubinferon test is the ability to evaluate in vitro postvaccinal allergy, due to presence of the sample with the tuberculin. This can be used in the differential diagnostic between tuberculosis and generalized BCG infection, including children with HIV. Mantoux test may be more effective then Diaskintest in children who was not vaccinated with BCG. Tubinferon test system deserves wide clinical application, further study and development.
Education in Tosya: According to the Kastamonu Province Yearbooks (1869-1903)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tosya, XIX. yüzyılın sonlarında Kastamonu vilâyetine bağlı bir kaza olup; tarihî ve kültürel yönden önemli bir merkez konumundadır. Bu özelliği ile gerek Beylikler ve gerekse Osmanlı Dönemi eğitim ve kültür hayatında etkili olmuş; Kazasker Mustafa İzzet Efendi, Celalzâde Mustafa Çelebi ve Reisülküttap Ebubekir Ratip Efendi gibi önemli şahsiyetlerin yetişmesinde önemli roller üstlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Tosya ilçesinin Kastamonu Vilâyet Salnâmeleri göz önüne alınarak 1869-1903 yılları arasındaki eğitim durumu ele alınmıştır.
Association of 12 polymorphic variants conferring genetic risk to lung cancer in Indian population: An extensive meta‐analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Candidate gene as well as genome‐wide association studies identified several polymorphic variants to be associated with lung cancer worldwide including in India. However, contradictory results have failed to estimate the overall effect of the polymorphic variants on the disease. Textmining was conducted on PubMed following specific search strings to gather all the publications related to genetic association with lung cancer in India. Out of 211 PubMed hits only 30 studies were selected for meta‐analysis following specific inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity between studies was calculated by Cochran's Q ‐test ( P < 0.05) and heterogeneity index ( I 2 ). Publication bias was visualized by funnel plots and Egger's regression test. For each variant, following a fixed‐effect model, summary odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. The meta‐analysis revealed three polymorphic variants viz. ‘deletion polymorphism (del1) (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.03–1.87, P = 0.027) in GSTT1 ’, ‘deletion polymorphism (del2) (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01–1.67, P = 0.038) in GSTM1 ’ and ‘rs1048943 (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.27–3.10, P = 0.002) in CYP1A1 ’ to be associated with lung cancer. However, after multiple testing correction, only rs1048943 was found to be significantly associated ( P value = 0.0321) with lung cancer. None of the polymorphic variants showed any evidence of heterogeneity between studies or of publication bias. Our meta‐analysis revealed strong association of rs1048943 in CYP1A1 , but a suggestive association of deletion polymorphisms in GSTT1 and GSTM1 with lung cancer, which provides a comprehensive insight on the overall effect of the polymorphic variants, reported in various case–control studies on Indian population, on the risk of lung cancer development. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:688–700, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.