jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving cerebellar segmentation with statistical fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The cerebellum is a somatotopically organized central component of the central nervous system well known to be involved with motor coordination and increasingly recognized roles in cognition and planning. Recent work in multi-atlas labeling has created methods that offer the potential for fully automated 3-D parcellation of the cerebellar lobules and vermis (which are organizationally equivalent to cortical gray matter areas). This work explores the trade offs of using different statistical fusion techniques and post hoc optimizations in two datasets with distinct imaging protocols. We offer a novel fusion technique by extending the ideas of the Selective and Iterative Method for Performance Level Estimation (SIMPLE) to a patch-based performance model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, Non-Local SIMPLE, for segmentation of a mixed population of healthy subjects and patients with severe cerebellar anatomy. Under the first imaging protocol, we show that Non-Local SIMPLE outperforms previous gold-standard segmentation techniques. In the second imaging protocol, we show that Non-Local SIMPLE outperforms previous gold standard techniques but is outperformed by a non-locally weighted vote with the deeper population of atlases available. This work advances the state of the art in open source cerebellar segmentation algorithms and offers the opportunity for routinely including cerebellar segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging studies that acquire whole brain T1-weighted volumes with approximately 1 mm isotropic resolution.
Determinants of risk reporting by Portuguese and Spanish non-finance companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to assess the risk reporting practices extent to which firm’s and corporate governance characteristics explain risk-related disclosures (RRD) motivations across two European Latin countries (Portugal and Spain). Moreover, drawn on elements of agency, legitimacy, resources-based perspectives and institutional theory, this study also intends to assess whether the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on risk reporting is mediated by strategic/institutional legitimacy interests. Design/methodology/approach From a sample of 60 non-finance Portuguese and Spanish companies with securities traded on the Euronext Lisbon stock exchange market and on the Madrid stock exchange market, respectively, at December, 2011, the Corporate Governance reports and the “risk/risk management” sections of the Management reports included on consolidated annual reports for 2011 were manually content analysed, according to prior literature. Further, multiple linear regressions were used to assess the potential relationships between corporate governance mechanisms and risk reporting. The paper’s theoretical framework draws on elements of agency, legitimacy, resources-based perspectives and institutional theory. To understand the risk reporting practices of Portuguese and Spanish non-finance listed companies, the paper conducts a content analysis of 60 consolidated annual reports for 2011. Findings Results indicate that visible companies, operating in a country with a weaker legal environment, and during periods of financial distress disclose more discretionary RRD, basically to contextualize their negative outcomes. Some corporate governance mechanisms were crucial to improve risk information. Originality/value The paper goes beyond prior literature work and assesses whether the theoretical framework grounded on agency, legitimacy, resources-based perspective and institutional theory is suitable in explaining RRD in an under-researched setting (European Latin countries, such as Portugal and Spain, with low agency costs and different corporate governance models). Moreover, the analysis embraces a wider and homogeneous range of internal and external corporate governance mechanisms and uses a period in which both countries were severely affected by a sovereign debt crisis with negative impacts on company’s liquidity and financial risks. A research setting like this has not been studied hitherto.
The practice of forming and strengthening the fiscal potential of local budgets in Ukraine

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The formation of the revenue side of local budgets under martial law in Ukraine is one of the key tasks for effective local government in territorial communities. They must establish effective cooperation with state authorities, particularly the State Tax Service of Ukraine, international institutions, specialized (public) organizations dealing with budget and tax administration issues, and business entities – taxpayers – to build sufficient fiscal potential in local budgets and ensure the sustainable development of territorial communities. It is necessary to substantiate ways of forming local budget resources by effectively using fiscal instruments, considering the current economic conditions under which territorial communities in Ukraine function. Research Objective. The purpose of this article is to monitor the theoretical and practical foundations of forming the fiscal potential of local budgets in Ukraine and to develop ways to optimize it to ensure the sustainable development of territorial communities in the current context. Methodology. General scientific and special research methods were used in writing the article, including systematic analysis, functional analysis, structural methods, statistical methods, comparison, synthesis, observation, induction, deduction, and other methods of scientific inquiry. Results. The theoretical and methodological principles of forming local budgets in Ukraine have been substantiated. An organizational framework for accumulating fiscal resources of territorial communities under decentralization in Ukraine has been developed. The analysis of state and local budget revenue by income categories showed a general upward trend in tax payments despite the challenges posed by martial law. It was found that the most fiscally effective algorithm is the collection and distribution of personal income tax across different levels of the budget system, confirmed by empirical calculations of the performance of the State Tax Service of Ukraine in meeting planned indicators. The study also revealed that, in practice, the functioning of territorial communities is mainly supported by revenues from local taxes and fees, particularly the single tax and land rent, while revenues from real estate taxes (other than land) have a lesser fiscal effect. There are certain fiscal losses in local budgets in frontline regions, requiring an adequate response from state and local authorities to stabilize the fiscal potential of these local budgets. Based on these trends, methods for increasing the fiscal potential of local budgets in Ukraine have been proposed, focusing on cooperation between local authorities and other fiscal entities, creating a favorable investment-innovative climate in the regions, using modern information systems and tax administration technologies, and following the key principles of budget resource formation applied in foreign countries.
Reactions of ozonate and superoxide radical anions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Potassium ozonate has been prepared by reaction of ozone with potassium superoxide dispersed in Freon-12. Orange solutions of potassium ozonate in benzene or toluene containing 18-crown-6 react with nitrone traps to give spin adducts mainly derived from the oxide radical anion, which is a decomposition product of the ozonate radical anion. With 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane in toluene solution the ozonate gives five nitroxide radicals in whose formation the oxide radical anion is again implicated. With nitrosobenzene electron transfer occurs. Comparable reactions with superoxide are described.
Modelling of synthetic biological devices

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In most electrical and mechanical systems, the behaviour of the system depends on the behaviour of its individual components. The concept of modularity is used to predict this trend in behaviour and to guarantee that the properties of the individual components do not differ when connected together. However, not all component combinations would result in synergistic effects. Many systems actually differ from their initial behaviour when they are connected or combined together. In other words, bringing two systems together would not guarantee that their individual properties would add up. This effect can be extended to the biochemical world, specifically in genetics and transcriptional networks.
On extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of hemoglobin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Results of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies of the iron atom in deoxygenated hemoglobin are reviewed. It is shown that the iron-porphinato nitrogen distance has been determined to be 2.06 +/- 0.01 A by two independent investigations [Eisenberger, P.M., Shulman, R.G., Kincaid, B. M., Brown, G. S. & Ogawa, S. (1978) Nature (London) 274, 30-34 and Perutz, M.F., Hasnain, S.S., Duke, P.J., Sessler, J.L. & Hahn, J.E. (1982) Nature (London) 295, 535-538]. Difficulties experienced by Perutz et al. in using this distance to calculate the iron's distance above the plane by triangulation are shown to be due to ignoring differences between ferrous and ferric hemes. It is concluded that the iron is 0.2 +/- 0.1 0.2 A above the plane of the nitrogens as originally shown by Eisenberger et al.
Suicide, Mental Disorders, and the US Military

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Third-Person Perception as a Mediator of the Influence of Social Networking Sites Use & Personal Relevance to the 6M Preventive Behavioural Intention: A Study on the Online Covid-19 News Audience in Jakarta Special Capital Region

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

News coverage on Covid-19 is important as it provides people with important updates as well as crucial information for avoiding infection. Previous studies have shown undesirable messages such as Covid-19 news that circulates in social networking sites can trigger ‘third-person perception (TPP)’, which is a phenomenon in which audiences presume a message exerts more influence upon people other than themselves. It is crucial to examine whether audiences experience TPP during consumption of pandemic news – especially when there is a possible negative correlation between TPP and protective behavioural intentions. Previous studies showed empirical evidence when users used Covid-19 news in SNS (consume, contribute or create), such use could reduce TPP and was also correlated with preventive behavioural intentions. This suggests that three types of SNS usage and personal relevance have direct relationship with protective behavioural intentions, as well as indirect relationship with TPP, where it has a mediating role. To test these hypotheses, explanatory research of a positivistic paradigm and quantitative approach was administered. This research utilized quota sampling to collect data from 400 respondents through online questionnaire. Based on the structural analysis, there is no significant relationship between TPP and preventive behavioural intentions. Analyses also did not support the hypotheses that TPP mediated: 1.) SNS usage and preventive behavioural intensions; 2.) and personal relevance and preventive behavioural intensions. Personal relevance was found to be an important construct as it had a positive influence toward preventive behavioural intentions and a negative relationship with TPP. It is suggested that low level of interaction with Covid-19 news in Social Networking Sites is due to the respondents only incidentally consumed Covid-19 news. It is also suggested that non-existing relationship between third-person perception and preventive behavioural intention is due to the mandatory nature of health protocol in Indonesia.
Distinct Regions within SAP25 Recruit O-Linked Glycosylation, DNA Demethylation, and Ubiquitin Ligase and Hydrolase Activities to the Sin3/HDAC Complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sin3 is an evolutionarily conserved repressor protein complex mainly associated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Many proteins are part of Sin3/HDAC complexes, and the function of most of these members remains poorly understood. SAP25, a previously identified Sin3A associated protein of 25 kDa, has been proposed to participate in regulating gene expression programs involved in the immune response but the exact mechanism of this regulation is unclear. SAP25 is not expressed in HEK293 cells, which hence serve as a natural knockout system to decipher the molecular functions uniquely carried out by this Sin3/HDAC subunit. Using molecular, proteomic, protein engineering, and interaction network approaches, we show that SAP25 interacts with distinct enzymatic and regulatory protein complexes in addition to Sin3/HDAC. Additional proteins uniquely recovered from the Halo-SAP25 pull-downs included the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1/FBXO3/CUL1 and the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 11 (USP11). Furthermore, mutational analysis demonstrates that distinct regions of SAP25 participate in its interaction with USP11, OGT/TETs, and SCF(FBXO3). These results suggest that SAP25 may function as an adaptor protein to coordinate the assembly of different enzymatic complexes to control Sin3/HDAC-mediated gene expression. The data were deposited with the MASSIVE repository with the identifiers MSV000093576 and MSV000093553.
SDSS IV MaNGA - Rotation Velocity Lags in the Extraplanar Ionized Gas from MaNGA Observations of Edge-on Galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a study of the kinematics of the extraplanar ionized gas around several dozen galaxies observed by the Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We considered a sample of 67 edge-on galaxies out of more than 1400 extragalactic targets observed by MaNGA, in which we found 25 galaxies (or 37%) with regular lagging of the rotation curve at large distances from the galactic midplane. We model the observed $Hα$ emission velocity fields in the galaxies, taking projection effects and a simple model for the dust extinction into the account. We show that the vertical lag of the rotation curve is necessary in the modeling, and estimate the lag amplitude in the galaxies. We find no correlation between the lag and the star formation rate in the galaxies. At the same time, we report a correlation between the lag and the galactic stellar mass, central stellar velocity dispersion, and axial ratio of the light distribution. These correlations suggest a possible higher ratio of infalling-to-local gas in early-type disk galaxies or a connection between lags and the possible presence of hot gaseous halos, which may be more prevalent in more massive galaxies. These results again demonstrate that observations of extraplanar gas can serve as a potential probe for accretion of gas.
A Study on the English Translation of Geographical Imagery in Li Bai’s Poetry from the Perspective of Geographical Translation Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Li Bai is an inimitable and distinctive poet in the ancient time of China. His poetry fill with numerous geographical imagery, carrying rich emotions and cultural characteristics. This paper explores the translation strategies of geographical imagery in Li Bai’s poetry from the perspective of translation geography. By analyzing representative translations, the study examines how the emotions and cultural connotations behind geographical imagery are preserved or transformed during cross-cultural communication. This research aims to provide new theoretical insights into the translation of Li Bai’ poetry, advancing the Chinese culture and poetry to the world.
Comparison of the cranial elements around the subtemporal fossae of balaenopterid whales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The evolutionary deformation of mysticete skulls known as telescoping consists mainly of backward interdigitation of the medial rostral elements and forward overthrust of the occipital elements. It is assumed that both movements had a influence upon the development of other cranial elements such as those around the subtemporal fossa. Morphological characters around the subtemporal fossae of balaenopterid whales were examined in order to clarify diagnoses of species. In Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Balaenoptera edeni the alisphenoid has contact with the parietal, pterygoid, and squamosal; and does not form a part of the optic tube. On the contrary the alisphenoid of Balaenoptera borealis forms a small wall of the optic tube; and has contact with the parietal and pterygoid. In Balaenoptera physalus there are many variations in the manner of exposure of the alisphenoids. The alisphenoid of Sibbaldius musculus has contact with the parietal and pterygoid, and sometimes with the squamosal. In Megaptera novaeangliae as far as the examined specimens are concerned the alisphenoids are exclusively not exposed. In B. acutorostrata and B. edeni the foramen pseudo-ovale opens in the anteromedial comer of the glenoid fossa of the squamosal. The falciform process of B. edeni is longer than that of B. acutorostrata. The foramen pseudo-ovale of B. borealis is elliptical and opens around the medial portion of the crest between the subtemporal fossa and glenoid fossa. The falciform process of B. borealis develops much less than B. edeni. The foramen pseudo-ovale of B. physalus is round and opens on the medial portion of the crest between both the fossae; and is surrounded by the pterygoid and squamosal. In S. musculus and S. musculus brevicauda the foramen pseudo-ovale surrounded almost only by the squamosal opens around the medial portion of the crest. The foramen pseudo-ovale of M. novaeangliae opens on the medial portion of the narrow crest between the subtemporal and glenoid fossae, and is surrounded almost only by the squamosal. Although the alisphenoid of Late Eocene archaeocete Zygorhiza is exposed extensively as in terrestrial mammals, Early to Middle Miocene cetotheres such as Parietobalaena and Diorocetus remarkably diminished their alisphenoids. And recent balaenopterids, whose skulls are highly telescoped, have alisphenoids scarcely exposed. A broad width of the portion between the lateral and inferior laminae of the pterygoid in B. physalus separates the squamosal from the palatine in the medial margin of the subtemporal fossa; however, the squamosal of S. musculus makes broad contact with the posterior margin of the palatine. Overlap of bones seen in the subtemporal fossae of balaenopterid whales seems to represent a mode of telescoping.
Association of DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations (mts) and clinical outcomes in CALGB 90601 (Alliance).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4521 Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard 1st-line therapy for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). C90601 was a randomized phase III trial testing gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) with bevacizumab (B) or placebo (P) in patients (pts) with untreated mUC. Median overall survival (OS) for GCB vs GCP was 14.5 months (mo) vs 14.3 mo (p=0.14) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 vs 6.7 mo, respectively. DDR mts have been implicated in response and survival in mUC and were investigated in this negative trial. Methods: C90601 enrolled 506 pts randomized 1:1 to GCB or GCP from 7/15/09-12/2/14, with stratification for prior chemotherapy and visceral metastases. Consenting pts submitted archival FFPE tumor specimens and blood for matched germline (g)DNA. Tumor and gDNA were sequenced by MSK-IMPACT, a 468-gene exon capture assay, to detect mts in select DDR genes. The proportional hazards model was used to correlate mts in the DNA helicase ERCC2 (pre-specified hypothesis) and additional DDR gene panels being explored in prospective trials in muscle-invasive disease with OS and PFS, adjusting for tumor mt burden and stratification factors. Mts were categorized as deleterious (del) or non-del using pre-defined published criteria. Results: 208 pts underwent DNA sequencing. Clinical features and PFS/OS were comparable to the 506-pt cohort. Median sequencing coverage was 497X. Median mutation count was 13.2 and 8.8 for DDR mt and wild-type tumors, respectively. A non-significant improvement in OS and PFS was seen in pts with ERCC2 mts (HR 0.70), but the 5.3% frequency of ERCC2 mts was lower than in historical series. Neither del mts (table) nor any mts in DDR genes were associated with PFS/OS. Conclusions: DDR mts were not associated with improved outcomes in C90601. The reliance on archival specimens, lower-than-expected ERCC2 mt frequency, small sample sizes, and tumor genomic heterogeneity may have influenced the predictive capacity of DDR mts in this cohort. Similar analyses are underway in pts who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to cystectomy from completed prospective trials. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, Genentech.[Table: see text]
Classification of Non-Nomenclatural Ranges of Biological Variation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Classification of Non-nomenclatural Ranges of Biological Variation Get access Hobart M. Smith Hobart M. Smith Department of Zoology and Museum of Natural History, University of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois 61801. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 16, Issue 2, June 1967, Page 171, https://doi.org/10.2307/2411411 Published: 01 June 1967