jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Heart and red blood cell antioxidant status and plasma lipid levels in the spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Heart and red blood cell endogenous antioxidant status and plasma lipids were investigated in hypertensive, 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a standard commercial rat chow. Specific heart and red blood cell antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as the susceptibility of tissues to H2O2-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation, were measured. Systolic blood pressure in SHR was greater than in WKY rats at 13 weeks of age (197 +/- 12 vs. 132 +/- 14 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa); p < or = 0.05), confirming the presence of hypertension in SHR. Red blood cell catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were greater (p < or = 0.05) in SHR than WKY rats. Red blood cell CAT activity was positively correlated (r = +0.634; p = 0.026) with SOD, which in turn was correlated (r = +0.709; p = 0.049) with systolic blood pressure. Heart SOD activity was higher (p < or = 0.05) in SHR, while glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) activity was lower (p < or = 0.05) than in WKY rats. This reduced ability to recycle GSH in the heart coincided with greater (p < or = 0.05) levels of H2O2-induced lipid oxidation products in SHR. Plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were lower (p < or = 0.05) in SHR than WKY rats, with no visible signs of atherosclerosis in either SHR or WKY rats. In summary, hypertension in SHR was associated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme profiles of red blood cells and heart, with the latter showing an increased susceptibility to in vitro lipid oxidation. Although hypertension is a recognized factor in the development of human atherosclerosis, spontaneously hypertensive rats did not exhibit signs of aortic plaque, reflecting the resistance of this species to the development of atherosclerosis.</p>
The Notion of Social Citizenship in Korea as Reflected in the 2015 Social Studies Curriculum and Its Education Textbooks: Focusing on Liberal Civil Rights and Republican Civil Duties over Welfare

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본고는 자유주의, 공화주의, 선별적·보편적 사회적 시민권 개념이라는 분석틀을 활용하여, ‘2015 교육과정’과 시민성 관련 ‘사회과’ 교재들이 시장, 사회, 국가라는 맥락 속에서 복지와 관련된 사회적 시민권과 공민의 책무 간의 관계를 어떻게 설정하고 있는지를 분석했다. 헌법에 의해 ‘사회권’으로 그 존재론적 정당성을 보장 받는 사회적 시민권은, 기본이념(사회민주주의) 면에서는 보편적 사회적 시민권 개념이, 사회보장제도의 형태 면에서는 선별적 및 보편적 사회적 시민권의 두 개념이 공존하고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 동시에 관련 교재들이 보편적 복지제도의 한계를 지적하면서 ‘생산적 복지’를 고려해야 한다고 한 점에선 선별적 사회적 시민권 개념을, 반대로 ‘기본 소득’에 대한 논의를 유도하고 있는 점에선 보편적 사회적 시민권 개념을 지향할 수 있는 개연성을 보이고 있다. 또한 ‘경제’ 관련 교육과정과 교재들은 두 시민권 개념 사이에서 중립을 지키고 있지만, 개인의 경제적 자립을 강조하는 ‘금융’에 대한 서술은 선별적 복지를, 다문화주의에 대한 우호적인 서술은 보편적 복지에 대헌 선호도를 보이고 있기도 하다. 그러나 시민의 권리 일반은 물론 사회적 시민권(혹은 사회권, 복지권, 사회보장권)에 상응하는 공민의 기본 책무에 대해선, 분석한 교육과정과 22권의 교재에서 거의 언급을 찾아볼 수 없다. 이렇게 의무보다 권리로서의 사회적 시민권을 훨씬 더 강조한 측면에서는 선별적 보다는 보편적 사회적 시민권 개념이 더 강하게 드러나고 있다.This study, utilizing the concepts of liberalism, republicanism, and social citizenship, analyzes the 2015 social studies curriculum and its 22 major high-school textbooks. It thereby explores how an individual’s liberal civil rights and his/her republican civil duties are intertwined around the idea of welfare and social citizenship in the context of the market, society, and the state. The notion of social citizenship appears to be legitimized as a social right by the Constitution. Its founding ideology (social democracy) supports the idea of universal social citizenship, while its forms—the social welfare system— contains notions of both selective and universal ones. However, the emphasis on the merits of ‘productive welfare’ shows a preference for the concept of selective social citizenship, while the discussion of the feasibility of ‘basic income’ is in favor of that of universal one. In addition, the explanations of the economy looks neutral between the two notions of social citizenship. However, those on finance are apparently pro-selective welfare while those on multiculturalism surely pro-universal one. In both the curriculum and the 22 textbooks analyzed, however, little mention can be found regarding republican or communitarian duties directly corresponding to liberal civil rights in general and social citizenship as a social right in particular. In this regard, the notion of social citizenship is presented as a right rather than a duty and thus appears to be universal rather than selective.
Research data supporting "Studying Programmer Behaviour at Scale: A Case Study Using Amazon Mechanical Turk"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This file contains the summary data described in the associated case study from the companion paper. The workbook contains an index sheet explaining any abbreviations, annotations, and labels used throughout the datafile, followed by a sheet with the summary data, and a sheet grouping the data by various metrics of interest. The file has been verified to open in Microsoft Excel (https://products.office.com/excel) and Libre Office (https://www.libreoffice.org)
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Has No Potential to Protect Against Endotoxin-lnduced Acute Renal Failure in the Absence of Renal Nerves.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to have the potential to restore renal function after ischemic injury, an underlying component of endotoxin (Et)-induced acute renal failure, and is known to counteract renal sympathetic nerve activity in renal function. We have recently found that renal denervation restores the Et-induced renal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of ANP infusion on the Et-induced acute renal failure in the absence of renal nerves. Ten to 14 days after bilateral renal denervation (DNX), Wistar rats (250 to 300 g body wt) were used in the acute experiment. Rats with intact renal nerves (INN) served as controls. Following control clearance measurements, rats were intravenously injected with 4 mg/kg Et (Escherichia coli, 055: B5). During endotoxemia, rats were infused with 10 microg/kg/h ANP or saline vehicle. Et injection reduced the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly in saline-infused INN and DNX rats. ANP infusion restored the greatly reduced GFR to the pre-endotoxemia level in DNX rats but not in INN rats. There was significant difference between the ANP- and saline-infused DNX rats in the percentage change relative to the basal GFR value during the ANP infusion period. ANP infusion did not improve the hyponatriuresis and oliguria after Et administration, which is independent of renal nerves. In conclusion, ANP infusion has a minor reno-protective effect in rats with Et-induced acute renal failure in the absence of the renal nerves.
Characteristics of Temperature Field of Rammed Earth Wall in Arid Environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The rammed earth walls were greatly affected by the change of temperature fields in arid environments, particularly the swell-shrink stress caused by gradient variations of the temperature fields was one of the main factors leading to surface weathering of rammed earth sites. While heat conduction, convection, and radiation were the main factors resulting in temperature variations of rammed earth walls. In this study, the thermocouple sensors were embedded in a rammed-earth test wall, to continuously monitor the temperature gradient field of the rammed earth wall from the near-surface area to the interior. The results revealed that the wall was greatly influenced by seasonal temperature fields together with significant changes in daily temperature differences. The top and the surface of the wall were affected by thermal radiation and convection, while the interior and the foundation were affected by heat conduction. The annual temperature difference reached 62.99 °C, and the maximum daily temperature difference on the surface of the wall was 24.3 °C, which mainly appeared during the spring and autumn seasons. The near-surface thickness of the temperature-sensitive area of the wall was less than 32 cm, within which the temperature varied dramatically at depths of 0–18 cm. The temperature variations at depths of 18–32 cm were somewhat significant with no obvious changes at depths exceeding 32 cm. These trends indicate that the rammed earth wall has an outstanding function of thermal preservation and insulation. This study is expected to be of guidance and reference for multi-field coupling environmental condition setting for surface weathering of rammed earth site bodies, stress and strain caused by temperature field, surface weathering mechanism and strengthening technology as well as the related researches of modern rammed earth building designs.
The European Integration perspective in Western Balkans- A case study of Serbia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The turbulence of the war in the Balkans has been an external motivation for a rapid development of the European foreign policy, to establish security and stability through various instruments. It implied intensification to initiate a foreign policy towards integration of the Western Balkans i.e. through economic and political assistance provided by the Stability Pact (SP) & the Stabilisation Association Process and (SAP), and Especially through the regional approach. In connection with the new policy towards the Balkans, the EU has in particular expressed the crucial role of Serbia due to the fragile and postponed transition to Democracy and participation in the process of integration. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the foreign policy objective towards integration. By means of studying how the integration perspective is framed i.e. what underlying aspect are there in the objective towards integration of the Western Balkans? Hence, there is also an aim to lay weight on Serbia, since Serbia's partaking as well as its own political and economic progress is essential to the foreign policy towards integration. The interest is to examine the European Unions strategies towards Serbia, and thus analyze the underlying interests behind these strategies. Thus, the thesis emphasise that the task of the integration perspective is not mainly related to security and economic interests but also with an normative ambition; foremost building and enforcing the norms required to guarantee democratic development and political stability. The EU: s more rationale interests such as economic development and security are correlated and also embedded in the EU: s normative concerns. The strategies employed by the EU towards Serbia has particularly had the ambition to create political stability and in turn increase the security throughout the Balkans, and thereby decrease the risk for further conflict around Europe’s borders. For instance he support towards the democratic entities is of high priority as well as the promotion of European norms and rules.
The open innovation model: Implications for innovation in Japan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores the implications of the transition from closed to open innovation over the past two decades, which Japanese companies have been relatively late to address. Examples of the fate of similar US companies are given. On the one hand, the wide dispersion of critical knowledge for innovation is ignored at great risk. On the other, alternative paths to market for internal ideas may be ignored at great loss. Strategies for dealing with ‘false negatives’ are explored — which at first look unpromising but later turn out to be valuable — including the time-honoured Japanese practice of spin-offs.
THE GOODNESS OF FIT OF A SINGLE HYPOTHETICAL DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION IN THE CASE OF SEVERAL GROUPS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.
Healing Treatments in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since December 2019, many drugs have been evaluated or advocated as potential treatments of SARS-CoV-2 induced disease (COVID-19), including many repositioned drugs and some others specifically developed for these diseases. They can be roughly classified into three categories according to their main mechanism of action (passive immunization, direct antivirals, and anti-inflammatory treatments), and their use depends on the stage of the disease. Despite often promising preclinical data, most of the treatments evaluated failed to show a significant clinical benefit. In addition, a few others have seen their effectiveness affected by the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and sub-variants. Herein, the aim of this article is to take stock of the data available as of the 14th of July 2022, concerning the specific healing options evaluated for patients suffering from COVID-19. We focus particularly on healing treatments of COVID-19 and do not deal with preventive treatments such as vaccine. Associated therapies such as venous thromboembolism prophylaxis are not detailed since they are covered in a specific chapter of this issue. Passive immunization, especially through monoclonal antibodies, showed a positive impact on the clinical evolution, whether in outpatients or inpatients without oxygen supply. However, their effectiveness strongly depends on the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant, and often decreases or even vanishes with the most recent variants. Among direct antiviral treatments, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir appears to currently be the cornerstone in the management of early infections, but its use may be limited by drug interactions. Remdesivir remains as an alternative in this situation, even though it is potentially less convenient. Anti-inflammatory treatments have often been shown to be the most effective in inpatients with oxygen supply. Dexamethasone is now a cornerstone of management of these patients. Added tocilizumab seems beneficial in the case of hyper inflammation. JAK inhibitors and anakinra have also gained an interest in some studies. As a conclusion of this narrative review, the best treatment strategy has yet to be defined and is likely to evolve in the future, not only because many other drugs are still under development and evaluation, but also because of the viral epidemics and epidemiology evolution.
Effects of chitosan grafted phenolic acid coating on microbiological, physicochemical and protein changes of sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) during refrigerated storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This project aimed to evaluate the effects of gallic acid (GA) and protocatechuic acid (PA) grafted onto chitosan (CS) on the improved quality of sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) during refrigerated storage. The incorporation of GA and PA onto CS (CS‐g‐GA and CS‐g‐PA) were achieved by the carbodiimide‐mediated grafting procedure. Samples were treated with different solutions (deionized water [CK], 1% CS [m/v], 1% CS‐g‐GA [m/v], and 1% CS‐g‐PA [m/v]) for 10 min, which were then stored at 4 °C. Microbiological quality, including total viable counts (TVC), psychrophilic bacterial counts (PBC), Pseudomonas bacterial counts, and H 2 S‐producing bacterial counts were measured. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, water holding capacity (WHC), and K value, were measured. The changes in protein characteristics, including sulfhydryl groups (SH), Ca 2+ ‐ATPase activity, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and tertiary structure of protein were analyzed periodically, along with texture profile analysis (TPA). The results demonstrated that the CS copolymers treatment exhibited better preservation effects. The CS‐g‐GA and CS‐g‐PA treatments could significantly inhibit the growth of microorganisms and retard the increase of pH, TVB‐N, TBA, WHC, and K ‐value during refrigerated storage compared with the CK and CS groups. Additionally, the CS‐g‐GA and CS‐g‐PA treatments could delay the protein oxidation by keeping a higher SH level and Ca 2+ ‐ATPase activity. The CS copolymers treatment could also extend the shelf life for another 6 days compared with that of CK. As a result, CS copolymers can be employed in a promising method for the preservation of sea bass. Practical Application The incorporation of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid onto chitosan (CS‐g‐GA and CS‐g‐PA) showed superior antioxidant and antimicrobial activities when applied on sea bass. The CS‐g‐GA and CS‐g‐PA coatings could maintain the quality and freshness of refrigerated sea bass. Additionally, this research could provide a theoretical basis for the application of graft copolymers on the preservation of aquatic products.
Direct data-driven model-reference control with Lyapunov stability guarantees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a novel data-driven model-reference control design approach for unknown linear systems with fully measurable state. The proposed control action is composed by a static feedback term and a reference tracking block shaped from data to reproduce the desired behavior in closed-loop. By focusing on the case where the reference model and the plant share the same order, we propose an optimal design procedure with Lyapunov stability guarantees, tailored to handle state measurements with additive noise. Two simulation examples are illustrated to show the potential of the proposed strategy.
Implications of Swedish National Regulatory Framework of the Patient Accessible Electronic Health Record

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Online access to your own electronic health record is a controversial issue. In a Swedish county such eHealth service has been in operation since 2012 and it is now being widely deployed in the other counties. This first review presents work regarding current National Regulatory Framework (NRF) related to the public eHealth service Patient Accessible Electronic Health Record (PAEHR) and points out how electable paragraphs have been applied in different counties. Potential implications due to the different decisions made are discussed in terms of patient centricity and health information outcome. In current PAEHR, care providers have assessed differently how to apply the NRF. For the patients, this means that information gathered from the health record may be displayed differently, depending on where, when and why they seek treatment. When a patient visits different care providers such solution may cause confusion and its purpose may go lost. Consequently a revised NRF with less electable paragraphs is recommended, as well as adherence to the next NRF by all county councils.
ChemInform Abstract: New Potential (P,S)‐Ligands Containing Tetrathiafulvalene.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
QUANTACHROME CORPORATION POWDER INSTRUMENTATION

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQUANTACHROME CORPORATION POWDER INSTRUMENTATIONCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 13, 1294APublication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online25 May 2012Published inissue 1 November 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50049a719RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (884 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Identification of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide amide metabolites in liver microsomes of human, Rhesus Monkey, Sprague-Dawley rat and CD1 mouse using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endogenous cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH₂) is a fragment derived from a larger peptide hormone, cholecystokinin (or gastrin). As a panicogenic agent, CCK-4 is commonly used in clinic settings to induce panic attacks for the study of new anxiolytic drugs. However, few studies on CCK-4 metabolism have been published to date. In the present study, we investigate the metabolism of CCK-4 in liver microsomes of human (HLM), Rhesus Monkey (RMLM), Sprague-Dawley rat (RLM) and CD1 mouse (MLM) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spetrometer. Ten metabolites, inlcuding tryptophan (M1), tryptophan amide (M2), hydroxy metabolites (M3-M5), truncated peptides (M6-M9), and CCK-4 acid (M10), were identified and 8 of them were reported for the first time. The metabolic pattern of CCK-4 in HLM was distinctly different from these in RMLM, RLM, and MLM. M2 and M9 were the major metabolites in HLM and accounted for 19.8% and 13.4% of initial CCK-4, respectively. In contrast, M2 was the major metabolite in RMLM and accounted for 41.4%, whereas M6 was the major metabolite in RLM and account for 39.1%. Three major metabolites M2, M7 and M8 in MLM accounted for 22.6%, 17.9% and 17.8% of initial CCK-4, respectively. Chemical inhibition experiment showed that aminopeptidase and/or endopeptidase hydrolysis were the major metabolic pathways in human to generate these metabolites. We further showed that cytochrome P450 were also involved in the metabolism of CCK-4 via hydroxylation, but to a less extend. These findings provide valuable information for the metabolic processes of CCK-4 among various species and an important reference basis for its safety evaluation and rational clinical application.