jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANIMAL MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN OVARIAN FUNCTION

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The study of ovarian function has been of great interest to scientists and clinicians in the human and veterinary health fields for more than 20 centuries. Initial studies of the ovaries were based on anatomical descriptions post-mortem, followed by histological and endocrinological approaches. The introduction of high-resolution ultrasonography provided a long-awaited tool to image the reproductive tissues in situ in both animals and humans. Critical studies of the characteristics and control of ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics in non-human primates, rodents, and domestic farm animals have involved frequent (i.e. daily or multiple times a day) blood sampling and ultrasonography. Studies of this nature in women are difficult, and often unethical to conduct. Differences in antral folliculogenesis between humans and animals appear to be more in detail rather than in essence, and may reflect differences in intrinsic physiology or merely differences in our ability to detect changes in a given species. In women, the presence of endometrial shedding and symmetric luteal and follicular phases are different from that observed during the estrous cycles of domestic farm animals but despite these differences, general similarities in antral follicular dynamics exist. A continuous pattern of antral follicle development was originally proposed in domestic livestock species; however, the use of frequent serial ultrasonography and simultaneous endocrine profiling in these animal species has resulted in a broad understanding of follicular wave dynamics. Follicular waves have now been described in every species in which this approach has been used, including humans. The relatively large diameters of antral follicles in cows and mares, compared to monkeys, sheep, and rodents provide greater feasibility for characterizing antral follicular dynamics ultrasonographically. Profound similarities in the dynamics of follicle development exist between the menstrual cycle in humans and the estrous cycle in cattle and horses. Despite a proportionately longer luteal phase in cows and mares, the growing phase of the dominant ovulatory follicle (defined as the time period from wave emergence to ovulation) is comparable in the human, cow, and mare. Thus, at present, cows and mares may be the most appropriate models for the study of antral follicular dynamics in women. While the use of animal models has increased our understanding of ovarian function and provides the hypothetical basis for studies in women, differences in vocabulary, culture, and research methodologies between scientists in predominantly human versus animal settings has hampered knowledge translation. These differences represent a systemic impediment to a broad understanding of ovarian function and limits progress and innovation in the development of safer and more efficacious treatments for infertility and contraception.
Does respiratory drive modify the cerebral vascular response to changes in end‐tidal carbon dioxide?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

New Findings What is the central question of this study ? There is an interaction between the regulatory systems of respiration and cerebral blood flow, because the mediator (CO 2 ) is the same for both physiological systems. We examined whether the traditional method for determining cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 is modified by changes in respiration. What is the main finding and its importance ? Cerebrovascular reactivity was modified by voluntary changes in respiration during hypercapnia. This finding suggests that an alteration in the respiratory system may result in under‐ or overestimation of cerebrovascular reactivity determined by traditional methods in healthy adults. Abstract The cerebral vasculature is sensitive to changes in the arterial partial pressure of CO 2 . This physiological mechanism has been well established as a cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 (CVR). However, arterial CO 2 may not be an independent variable in the traditional method for assessment of CVR, because the cerebral blood flow response is also affected by the activation of respiratory drive or higher centres in the brain. We hypothesized that CVR is modified by changes in respiration. To test our hypothesis, in the present study, 10 young, healthy subjects performed hyper‐ or hypoventilation to change end‐tidal CO 2 ( ) with different concentrations of CO 2 in the inhaled gas (0, 2.0 and 3.5%). We measured middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to identify the cerebral blood flow response to change in during each set of conditions. In each set of conditions, was significantly altered by changes in ventilation, and middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity changed accordingly. However, the relationship between changes in middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity and as a response curve of CVR was reset upwards and downwards by hypo‐ and hyperventilation, respectively, compared with CVR during normal ventilation. The findings of the present study suggest the possibility that an alteration in respiration might lead to under‐ or overestimation of CVR determined by the traditional methods.
The Portuguese Press Portrait Of "Environmental Refugees"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The migration-environment nexus has gained increased interest from the social research field over the last years. While straightly connected to human security issues, this theme has pervaded through the media to the public sphere. Therefore, it is important to observe how did the discussions over environmentally induced migrations develop from the scientific basis to the media attention, passing through some political voices, and in which ways might these messages be interpreted within the broader public discourses. To achieve this purpose, the analysis of the press entries between 2004 and 2010 in three of the main Portuguese newspapers shall be presented, specially reflecting upon the events, protagonists, topics, geographical attributions and terms/expressions used to define those who migrate due to environmental degradation or disasters.
Replication Data for: "Social networks and mobile instant messaging services in the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president of Brazil in 2018"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Data from the article "Social networks and mobile instant messaging services in the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president of Brazil in 2018", by Pedro Santos Mundim, Fábio Vasconcellos and Lucas Okado, published in Revista DADOS, v. 66, n. 2, 2023.
PERMA-based psychological intervention in glioma rehabilitation: An RCT examining affective distress, treatment adherence, and neuro-oncological outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Postoperative glioma patients often experience negative emotions, which affect their treatment adherence and prognosis. The PERMA intervention (focusing on Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Accomplishment) seeks to enhance psychological well-being and quality of life (QoL). This study examines the effects of the PERMA intervention on negative emotions, treatment adherence, and prognosis in postoperative glioma patients. Methods A total of 124 postoperative glioma patients recruited from January 2022 to February 2024 were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 62) or a control group (n = 62). The control group received routine postoperative care, while the intervention group received an additional PERMA psychological intervention for 1 month. Outcome assessments included anxiety symptoms (SAS), depressive symptoms (SDS), treatment adherence, complications, and QoL. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups ( P > 0.05). After the intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in SAS and SDS scores ( P < 0.05); furthermore, post-intervention SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.0001). Treatment adherence was significantly higher and complication rates significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control group ( P < 0.05). QoL was improved in both groups ( P < 0.05); however, the intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group across all QoL domains ( P < 0.0001). KM analysis revealed a significant association between the PERMA-based intervention and better outcomes overall ( P < 0.05). Conclusion A PERMA-based psychological intervention effectively reduced anxiety and depression, enhanced treatment adherence, lowered complication risks, and improved QoL compared to routine post-operative care in postoperative glioma patients.
IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) does not inhibit the production of C-reactive protein or serum amyloid A protein by human primary hepatocytes. Differential regulation in normal and tumour cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The synthesis of some class 1 acute-phase proteins (APP), including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) protein is completely blocked by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), whereas the production of fibrinogen, a class 2 APP, is increased by IL-1Ra in hepatoma cells, but this has never been tested in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Since previous studies on the contributions of cylokine inhibitors in connective tissues diseases suggested that IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) might play an important role in the regulation of CRP, we decided to examine in more detail the respective roles of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and their inhibitors in the production of APP by human primary hepatocytes versus the hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5. In the hepatoma cell line, IL-1β and/or TNF-α had synergistic effects with IL-6 on the production of CRP and SAA. In contrast, these cytokines were devoid of effect in normal hepatocytes. The production of fibrinogen was increased by IL-6 and decreased by IL-1 (and TNF-α) in both cell types. The secretion of CRP and SAA by primary hepatocytes incubated with a cytokine-rich mononuclear cell-conditioned medium was totally unaffected by IL-1Ra or anti-TNF-α antibodies. In contrast, the addition of IL-1Ra increased the production of fibrinogen by both hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes incubated with the mononuclear cell-conditioned medium. We therefore conclude that IL-1β and TNF-α do not exert any significant effect on the synthesis of CRP and SAA by human primary hepatocytes.
Does It Pay to Be Moral? How Indicators of Morality and Competence Enhance Organizational and Work Team Attractiveness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Based on a social identity analysis, the authors argue that people are attracted to teams and organizations with positive features. Such features can refer to the competence and achievements of the organization, or to its moral values and ethical conduct. However, in work contexts, ethics and achievements do not necessarily go together. The paper reports three studies that examine the relative and combined impact of perceived competence vs morality of a team or organization on its attractiveness to individuals. Study 1 (n = 44) reveals that students prefer to seek employment in a moral rather than a competent organization, when forced to choose between these organizational features on a bipolar scale. Study 2 (n = 100) replicates these findings in a design where the competence and morality of a fictitious organization were manipulated orthogonally. Study 3 (n = 89) examines responses to experimental task teams that systematically differed from each other in their competence and morality. Results of all three studies converge to demonstrate that the perceived morality of the team or organization has a greater impact on its attractiveness to individuals than its perceived competence. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
A Prospective Study of Recovery Profile After Subarachnoid Block in Elderly Versus Young Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective observational cohort study was done to compare recovery profile of elderly patients as compared to young population and validate the new discharge criteria applied to them. Twenty one elderly patients (>65 yrs) having intertrochanteric fracture posted for open surgery were compared with similar number of young patients (20-40 yrs). Both the groups were operated under spinal anaesthesia with 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in L3-4 inter-space. Orthostatic challenge was given at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min in recovery room (RR) and variation in pulse rate & MAP was compared. Highest sensory level achieved was similar in both study groups but vasopressor requirement was more in elderly for maintaining haemodynamic stability. Sensory level was slow to regress in elderly patients. Despite having greater MAP fall in the elderly patients it was never more than 10% at any point of time till 90 min in RR. Shivering was common postoperative complica-tion in elderly patients. It was concluded that new discharge criteria could be safely applied to elderly patients and can lead to significant time saving in recovery room.
Interallelic relations among endosperm variants in sorghum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Interallelic relations among endosperm variants in sorghum Get access D. S. Murty, D. S. Murty Sorghum Improvement Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324 (A.P) India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. D. Nicodemus K. D. Nicodemus Sorghum Improvement Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324 (A.P) India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 78, Issue 6, November 1987, Pages 391–394, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110423 Published: 01 November 1987
Economic Effects of the Liberalization of the European Electricity Market – Simulation Results of a Game Theoretic Modelling Concept

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Electricity market liberalization aims to boost competition at the level of each member state as well as within the European Union (EU). Therefore, observing the strategic behavior of the market players (e.g. related to net access, cooperation or refusal to collaborate, etc.) becomes crucial. There are different mathematical models for describing the behaviour of a competitive market. For the scope of this paper, the EU electricity market is modelled using a game theoretic model. The authors compare the strategic behaviour of the market players reflected by their market influences based on the Nash equilibrium theory among an environment of perfect competition. In the case of perfect competition, each agent acts as a price taker, equalizing prices and marginal costs in order to optimise profit. The paper further considers the (generalized and extended) Cournot model, at the Nash equilibrium, where electricity firms aim to maximize their profit and enlarge their market shares taking into consideration various relationships between the real market elasticities and assumptions about the behaviour of other players. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of issues triggered by the liberalization process of European electricity markets and argues that the extended Cournot model can be considered when analysing a transition process from an oligopolistic market towards the ideal case of a perfect competitive market. Kemfert, Barbu, Kalashnikov: Economic Impacts of the Liberalisation of the European Electricity Market 1.
Performance of organic and inorganics in potato-garlic sequence under zero tillage in the mid hills of Himachal Pradesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

CT : Experiment was conducted during 2002-03 and 2003-04 on slightly acidic soil at the Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla to assess the value of integrated use of locally available organic crop residues of wheat and paddy alongwith farmyard manure for P and K management in potato-garlic cropping sequence under zero tillage. The study revealed that integrated use of paddy or wheat residues @ 2.5 t/ha alongwith 100% recommended dose of N, P and K improved yields of potato and garlic, and resulted in higher uptake of nutrients and subsequent higher recoveries of P and K. The leaf analysis showed that P and K concentrations were higher in presence of combined application of residues/FYM, and P and K in early stages of crop growth. The effect of crop residue was more pronounced in the second year as compared to first year. After two cycles of potato-garlic sequence, integrated approach resulted in higher soil organic carbon content and maintained soil fertility for P and K.
Cell proliferation in type C gastritis affecting the intact stomach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims —Type C gastritis caused by bile reflux has a characteristic appearance, similar to that seen in other forms of chemical gastritis, such as those associated with NSAIDs or alcohol. An increase in mucosal cell proliferation increases the likelihood of a neoplastic clone of epithelial cells emerging, particularly where there is chronic epithelial injury associated with bile reflux. It has been shown previously that type C gastritis is associated with increased cell proliferation in the postsurgical stomach. The aim of this study was to determine cell proliferation in type C gastritis caused by bile reflux affecting the intact stomach. Methods —Specimens from 15 patients with a histological diagnosis of type C gastritis on antral biopsy were obtained from the pathology archives between 1994 and 1997. A control group of nine normal antral biopsies was also selected and all underwent MIB-1 immunostaining. The gastric glands were divided into three zones (zone 1, gastric pit; zone 2, isthmus; and zone 3, gland base) and the numbers of positively staining nuclei for 500 epithelial cell nuclei were counted in each zone to determine the percentage labelling index (LI%). Results —Cell proliferation was significantly higher in all three zones of the gastric glands with type C gastritis compared with controls as follows: zone 1, median LI% in type C gastritis 64.7 (range, 7.8–99.2), controls 4.7 (range, 2.0–11.3); zone 2, median LI% in type C gastritis 94.7 (range, 28.8–98.7), controls 40.2 (range, 23.1–70.3); and zone 3, median LI% in type C gastritis 20.0 (range, 1.3–96.0), controls 2.6 (range, 0.9–8.7). Conclusions —Bile reflux is thought to act as a promoter of gastric carcinogenesis in the postsurgical stomach. The same may be true in the intact stomach.
Use and importance of the Internet at the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use and importance of Internet at the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The results from the analysis showed that Internet is very important for 60.77 percent respondents, with 74.62 percent of the respondents using the Internet for research. Yahoo is the preferred e-mail client for 79.23 percent of the respondents and 71.54 percent of the respondents use Google as their favorite search engine. Necessary facilities should be provided to faculty and students to make use of information resources available on the Internet.
3D Porous Polymeric-Foam-Supported Pd Nanocrystal as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Organic Transformations

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The efficient recovery of noble metal nanocrystals used in heterogeneous organic transformations has remained a significant challenge, hindering their use in industry. Herein, highly catalytic Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared having a yield of >98% by a novel hydrothermal method using PVP as the reducing cum stabilizing agent that exhibited excellent turnover frequencies of ∼38,000 h-1 for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and ∼1200 h-1 for catalytic reduction of nitroarene compounds in a benign aqueous reaction medium. The Pd NPs were more efficient for cross-coupling of aryl compounds with electron-donating substituents than with electron-donating ones. Further, to improve their recyclability, a strategy was developed to embed these Pd NPs on mechanically robust polyurethane foam (PUF) for the first time and a "dip-catalyst" (Pd-PUF) containing 3D interconnected 100-500 μm pores was constructed. The PUF was chosen as the support with an expectation to reduce the fabrication cost of the "dip-catalyst" as the production of PUF is already commercialized. Pd-PUF could be easily separated from the reaction aliquot and reused without any loss of activity because the leaching of Pd NPs was found to be negligible in the various reaction mixtures. We show that the Pd-PUF could be reused for over 50 catalytic cycles maintaining a similar activity. We further demonstrate a scale-up reaction with a single-reaction 1.5 g yield for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.
A comprehensive review on the properties, production, and applications of functional glucobioses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glucobiose is a range of disaccharides consisting of two glucose molecules, generally including trehalose, kojibiose, sophorose, nigerose, laminaribiose, maltose, cellobiose, isomaltose, and gentiobiose. The difference glycosidic bonds of two glucose molecules result in the diverse molecular structures, physiochemical properties and physiological functions of these glucobioses. Some glucobioses are abundant in nature but have unconspicuous roles on health like maltose, whereas some rare glucobioses display remarkable biological effects. It is unpractical process to extract these rare glucobioses from natural resources, while biological synthesis is a feasible approach. Recently, the production and application of glucobiose have attracted considerable attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of glucobioses, including their natural sources and physicochemical properties like structure, sweetness, digestive performance, toxicology, and cariogenicity. Specific enzymes used for the production of various glucobioses and fermentation production processes are summarized. Additionally, their versatile functions and broad applications are also introduced.
The Effect of Natural Essential Oil Depigmenting Agent for Alternative Treatment of Melasma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Melasma, known as a hyperpigmentation disorder, is more common in women of childbearing age with Fitzpatrick IV-VI skin types. Various factors of this disease, namely genetic factors, UV exposure, hormonal, thyroid disease, pregnancy, and drugs. The best treatment for melasma is with 2 – 4% hydroquinone, but because of the side effects, alternative treatments are mostly used for melasma. One of them is with essential oils. Essential oils have been investigated as depigmenting agents because of their anti-tyrosinase potential. In this literature, it is proven that the essential oils of sage (Salvia), hedgenettle / woundwort (Stachys), lavender (Lavandula), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), mountain tea (Sideritis), pomelo (Citrus grandis ( L) Osbeck), and kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) are effective against melasma. The purpose of this literature is to discuss the various effects of essential oils that can be used as depigmentation agents in the alternative treatment of melasma.