jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of surgical site infections after gastrointestinal surgery in the south region of the Netherlands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious and costly complication with the highest rates being reported after gastrointestinal surgery.The objective of this cross sectional study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery during and after hospitalization, and to evaluate the effect of the VMS (Dutch: "VeiligheidsManagementSysteem") safety programme on the SSI rate.We assessed the SSI rate from July 2008 until December 2011, according to the criteria of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), before and after implementation of the VMS safety programme which includes a bundle of four interventions.We differentiated between the SSI rate during and after hospitalization and between superficial, deep and organ/ space infections.The incidence of SSI in relation to the wound class, risk factors for SSI, and the compliance with the programme were assessed.Data were obtained during a thirty-day follow-up period after surgery.Surveillance after discharge significantly increased the overall SSI rate.Age higher than fifty years and contaminated or dirty wounds were risk factors for SSIs.Despite increased compliance with the safety programme, no significant decrease in SSI rate was found after implementation.The Dutch VMS safety programme did not show a significant effect on the decrease in incidence of SSI.Surveillance during and after hospitalization is essential for a reliable assessment of the SSI rate.
Cell therapy for crohm's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduccion: La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una enfermedad de base inmunologica y etiologia multifactorial con una respuesta inflamatoria cronica aberrante. Una importante proporcion de pacientes no responde a las terapias disponibles, pierde la respuesta a lo largo del tiempo o experimenta efectos adversos que obligan a la retirada del farmaco. Por estos motivos, es necesario explorar nuevas alternativas de tratamiento en pacientes con EC refractaria. El objetivo del primer trabajo de esta tesis fue evaluar la viabilidad y seguridad del trasplante autologo de progenitores hematopoyeticos en pacientes con EC refractaria. El segundo trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la seguridad y tolerabilidad de la inyeccion intraperitoneal de celulas dendriticas tolerogenicas en pacientes con EC refractaria. Discusion: El trasplante autologo de progenitores hematopoyeticos en las enfermedades inmunomediadas se basa en la hipotesis de producir un “reset” del sistema inmune. En el primer trabajo de esta tesis hemos demostrado que el trasplante autologo de progenitores hematopoyeticos es una opcion viable en la EC refractaria al tratamiento convencional. Sin embargo, este procedimiento se asocia a complicaciones y efectos adversos graves, algunos de los cuales son especificos de la EC. Por ello, es importante implementar un tratamiento de soporte especifico con el objetivo de minimizar los efectos adversos antes, durante y despues del procedimiento. Por otro lado, las diferentes aplicaciones clinicas de las celulas dendriticas en el campo de tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas y cancer, asi como los resultados en modelos animales de colitis tras la administracion intraperitoneal de celulas dendriticas tolerogenicas, llevaron a la puesta en marcha por primera vez de un ensayo clinico fase I para la administracion intraperitoneal de celulas dendriticas tolerogenicas en pacientes con EC refractaria, sin observarse efectos adversos. Aunque no se observo una significativa eficacia clinica tras la administracion de las celulas dendriticas tolerogenicas, si se evidencio respuesta biologica que sugiere la induccion de un estado de inmunosupresion a nivel celular. Conclusion: El trasplante trasplante autologo de progenitores hematopoyeticos es una opcion terapeutica viable para pacientes con EC refractaria bien seleccionados. Es necesaria la aplicacion de medidas de soporte especificas y excepcionales en pacientes con EC antes, durante y despues del procedimiento para minimizar los efectos adversos. La administracion intraperitoneal de celulas dendriticas tolerogenicas autologas es segura y viable en pacientes con EC refractaria. Es necesario el desarrollo de nuevos estudios para determinar las dosis y vias de administracion optimas de celulas dendriticas tolerogenicas, para valorar su eficacia clinica, y para monitorizar la la respuesta inmunologica.
Nonmechanical rotation of a linear polarizer preceding a photodetector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An arrangement is presented for nonmechanical rotation or azimuth change of a linear polarizer that is followed by a photodetector. The arrangement uses a polarization modulator or variable retarder as the driving element for azimuth change, interposed between a quarter-wave plate and the polarizer to be rotated. Operation of the modulator or variable retarder results in a nonmechanical rotation or azimuth change of the polarizer equal to one half of the retardance of the modulator or variable retarder. The present arrangement can be used for constructing an azimuth-variable analyzer and has been verified experimentally.
X-ray evidence for the relationship between pyridyl side chain basicity and the Z/E preferences of 5-halogen substituted(pyridin-2-yl)aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acids; implications for metal ions coordination in solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal structures of three salts (1-a-3-a), products of the reactions between 5-chloro (1), 5bromo (2) and 5-iodo (3) substituted (pyridin-2-yl)aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acids and 4aminopyridine were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and discussed with respect to molecular geometry and solid state organization.In all 1-a-3-a, bisphosphonate dianion adopts the opposite (E) conformation with respect to the C2-N1 bond, compared with the parent zwitterion.This provides further evidence that intermolecular N-H•••O hydrogen bonds involving both exocyclic and pyridinium N atoms as proton donors and an O atom of the phosphonic/phosphonate group as acceptor play a significant role in stabilizing the Z conformation of this particular subclass of acids.The solution behavior and complex-formation abilities of [(5-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino]methane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (3) were also studied.Compound 3 exists in solution as the Z/E mixture.However, the barrier to rotation around the C2-N1 bond in 3 is lower, compared with 1 and 2. This is important for the complex-formation processes in the Zn(II), Mg(II) and Ca(II) solutions with 3.
Balancing acts of two HEAT subunits of condensin I support dynamic assembly of chromosome axes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Condensin I is a five-subunit protein complex that plays a central role in mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation in eukaryotes. To dissect its mechanism of action, we reconstituted wild-type and mutant complexes from recombinant subunits and tested their abilities to assemble chromosomes in Xenopus egg cell-free extracts depleted of endogenous condensins. We find that ATP binding and hydrolysis by SMC subunits have distinct contributions to the action of condensin I and that continuous ATP hydrolysis is required for structural maintenance of chromosomes. Mutant complexes lacking either one of two HEAT subunits produce abnormal chromosomes with highly characteristic defects and have contrasting structural effects on chromosome axes preassembled with the wild-type complex. We propose that balancing acts of the two HEAT subunits support dynamic assembly of chromosome axes under the control of the SMC ATPase cycle, thereby governing construction of rod-shaped chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
The Impact of Larval Digestion of Different Manure Types by the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens, (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on Volatile Emissions and Corresponding Adult Attraction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is a large, non-pest species whose larvae (BSFL) are known to consume a variety of decaying organic materials. This ability is being pursued for industrialization as a means to recycle wastes and produce protein for use as food and feed. BSFL were reared under laboratory conditions on poultry, swine, and dairy manure at rates of 18.0 and 27.0g every other day until 40% reached the postfeeding stage. Volatile emissions were collected and analyzed from freshly thawed manure (control) as well as the digested waste when 90% of the BSFL reached the prepupal stage. Volatiles were also collected from manure not inoculated with BSFL and held under similar conditions until 90% of the BSFL had reached the prepupal stage in the treated manure (non-digested). Manure samples were analyzed for relative amounts of nine odorous compounds: phenol, 4-methylphenol, indole, 3-methylindole, propanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid and pentanoic acid. BSFL reduced emissions of all compounds by 87% or greater. Complete reductions (i.e. 100%) in relative amounts of compounds were observed for propanoic acid, 2-methly in BSFL digested poultry manure, phenol, 4-methylphenol, indole and all five acids in BSFL digested swine manure and 4-methylphenol, indole, 3-methylindole and all five acids in BSFL digested dairy manure. \n\nThis study was the first to identify volatile emissions from manure colonized by BSFL and compare to those found in uncolonized manure. These data demonstrate additional benefits to using BSFL as a cost effective and environmentally-safe means of livestock manure management in comparison to current methods.
Adult Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection did not affect protein synthesis rate in whole-body, intestinal, hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues of lambs fed fresh Lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The effects of an established Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection on the whole-body and fractional protein synthesis rates in the small intestine, liver, lymphoid tissues, skeletal muscle and skin were determined in lambs fed fresh Lucerne (Medicago sativa; 800 g DM d -1 ) on day 48 post-infection. Lambs were dosed with 6000 L3 T. colubriformis larvae for 6 d (n = 5) or kept as parasite-free controls (n = 6). On day 45, the lambs received a bolus injection of deuterated water to measure the size of the whole-body water pool. On day 48, the lambs were continuously infused with [3, 4- 3 H]-valine into the jugular vein and [1- 13 C]-valine in the abomasum for 8 h. During the infusion, mesenteric artery blood and terminal tissue samples were collected for measuring the isotopic activity of plasma water, plasma valine, intra cellular valine and protein-bound valine. Intestinal worm numbers on day 48 were higher (P < 0.001) in the infected lambs, however, there was no effect (P > 0.10) of parasitic infection on feed intake, liveweight gain, whole-body protein synthesis and fractional protein synthesis of most tissues. Key words: Parasite infection, protein synthesis, lambs
Translingual arts-based practices for language learners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, we advocate for the enriching role of arts-based practices in the delivery of a translingual pedagogic approach. With a growing interest in translanguaging, ELT practitioners are searching for models and creative ideas that foster a translingual environment for their learners. We have responded to this call and developed a collaborative project entitled ‘Creative Language Practices: Exploring Translanguaging in Pedagogical Contexts and Beyond’. The project brought together language researchers from the University of Glasgow, creative artists, and school teachers. By sharing our approach and practices, we want to promote the adoption of translingual values and guiding principles through the use of arts as a methodology for language learning and meaning-making. Instead of feeling intimidated by the complexity and difficulty of the concept of translanguaging, teachers and practitioners could adopt an arts-based pedagogy as the catalyst for creative practice that will help learners to explore their creative resources.
Mechanical and structural properties of collagen fibrils

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is a fundamental need for techniques that are capable of determining the \nmechanical properties of biological fibrils at the nanoscale. This is because of the \ndirect relationship between structure and function of an organism and the \nmechanical properties of its building blocks. Collagen, for example, which is the \nmost abundant protein in mammals, is best known as the principal tensile element \nproviding the mechanical structure to our bodies. Although collagen has been \ninvestigated intensively in the last decades, relatively little is known about its \nmechanics and inner structure. In this thesis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based \nmethods were employed to probe the mechanical properties of the nanometer-sized \ntype I collagen fibrils from rat tail tendon (diameter 50 - 300 nm). \nAFM-based nanoindentation was performed to determine the elasticity of individual \nfibrils under both physiological conditions and in the dehydrated state. To gain \ninsight into the fibril interior structure a novel AFM-based scraping technique was \ndeveloped that can dislocate parts of the outer layer of delicate biological specimens. \nApplied to individual collagen fibrils, the technique led to a successful exposure of \nthe fibril core. Nanoindentation measurements of fibril shell and core indicated no \nsignificant differences in the mechanical properties. Further, the longitudinal \nstretching behaviour of single fibrils was studied in novel nanoscale strain \nexperiments. This provided additional insight into the internal structure of fibrils as it \nis the molecular arrangement which determines the stretching behaviour. \nThe outcome of this thesis promises a better understanding of the structural and \nmechanical properties of collagen fibrils and provides novel techniques and tools for \nadvanced mechanical characterisation at the nanoscale.
Microbiologic study of strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated in Argentina.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and turkeys in Argentina was first reported in previous articles (2,3), which described two enzootics. In June, July, and August, 1962, three farms registered new outbreaks of this disease, from which isolations of M. gallisepticum were made. These latter outbreaks occurred in the province of Buenos Aires (at M. Paz, Km. 42, Chivilcoy). The symptoms and pathologic anatomy corresponded with the classic descriptions (7) and those previously observed (2,3) except that lesions of perihepatitis were also seen in the outbreak at Chivilcoy. The present work places emphasis on description of the microbiologic characters of certain strains of PPLO isolated up to the present in Argentina. After a brief description of the cases, the characteristics of the organisms isolated are given. Table 1 summarizes the cases of CRD included in this study.
Similarity Analysis of Law Documents Based on Word2vec

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing demand for computer-assisted wisdom in justice, deep learning has gradually become an effective means of helping intelligent justice. The similarity analysis of law documents is the basis of intelligent justice, while law documents based on several types of cases are quite different in terms of format and length, which causes trouble in analyzing similarities. For that we propose a more specific approach to dealing with law documents, combining Word2vec with legal documents corpus. To measure the efficiency of the proposed method, we designed two sets of controls. The experimental results show that the Word2vec model can improve the accuracy by 0.20 compared with the bag of words (BOW) model, and the equipped law documents corpus can increase by 0.05-0.10 based on the Word2vec model. Thus, the combination of Word2vec and the law documents corpus is more compatible with the simple and efficient application of similarity analysis of law documents.
Comparison of surgical performance using articulated (ArtiSential®) and conventional instruments for colorectal laparoscopic surgery: A single‐centre, open, before‐and‐after, prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Rigid surgical instruments limit movement whereas articulated instruments offer better control in small spaces and allow for intuitive and ergonomic movements. However, the effectiveness of the use of articulated instruments in improving colorectal laparoscopic outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this work was to determine whether colorectal laparoscopic surgical proficiency improved when multijoint instruments were used instead of conventional ones. Method We enrolled 70 consecutive patients ( n = 20 for conventional instruments) aged 19–80 years who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery for colorectal diseases. Unedited surgery videos were validated using the modified Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (mGOALS) scale. Learning curves were analysed using a cumulative sum control chart for mGOALS grades. Results The surgery type, length of hospital stay and 30‐day postoperative complication rates were comparable between the groups, and the surgeon's mGOALS grades were similar ( p = 0.190). However, in the articulated group, the scores were significantly higher for depth perception ( p = 0.012) and tissue‐handling domains ( p = 0.046), while surgical duration was significantly shorter and intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower ( p = 0.022), compared with those in the conventional ( p = 0.002) group. Learning curve findings indicated that the first 10 and subsequent 40 surgeries in the articulated group were within the inexperienced and experienced phases, respectively. The mGOALS score in the experienced phase improved in the articulated group compared with that in the conventional group ( p = 0.036). Conclusions The use of articulated instruments in laparoscopic colorectal surgery showed potential benefits. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy: mechanisms of action and clinical applications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is rooted in its ability to help achieve locoregional and systemic control, therefore increasing the overall disease-free survival of patients. Understanding the mechanistic actions of cytotoxic agents and their targets on the cell cycle, as well as the governing pharmacokinetic principles can improve treatment delivery. The adjuvant treatment setting can overcome barriers such as hypoxia and genetically driven treatment resistance. Purpose The purpose of this review is to present theoretical frameworks behind the chemoradiation paradigm and to describe current chemoradiation practices in radiation oncology. Methodology A review was conducted using the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health database (PubMed) using the following search keywords: chemoradiation, spatial cooperation, chemotherapeutic agents, pharmacokinetics, anti-vascular agents, tumour vasculature and tumour hypoxia. Results and conclusions Current research has reported several rationales for the beneficial combination of radiation and chemotherapy to eradicate oncological diseases. Mechanisms of action and biological approaches are showing that concurrent treatments, as well as novel agents such as anti-vascular and anti-angiogenic agents may benefit improved treatment outcomes by reducing micro hypoxic environments in tumours. In addition, chemotherapy administered in tandem with radiation enhances cell-killing effects by targeting the cell cycle.
Building a lab at a research-intensive institution: A feminist and sustainable approach to productivity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on strategies for developing sustainable research practices and thriving collaborations for feminist research within a lab. We draw upon our experiences as feminist psychologists at research-intensive institutions and discuss best practices for building a feminist lab culture. We address the following: establishing a vision, starting the lab, mentoring students while meeting pre-tenure goals, creating space for collegiality and collaboration, and sustaining oneself as a feminist academic. Throughout, we provide practical strategies toward productivity and sustainability for the feminist psychologist on their way to tenure.
Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on tolerance to salinity of the tree legume Albizia lebbeck (L.) inoculated by Rhizobium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) and Syzygium cumini(Myrtaceae), the Indian traditional fruits The effect of different level of salinity on growth, nodulation and Nitrogen fixation of single and dual inoculated tree legumes which help arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Acaulospora laevis Gerd. and Trappe with Rhizobium bacteria in the presence of different levels of salinity (concentration of NaCl) conducted in earthen pots in a completely randomized block design with three replications resulted in effective plant growth, shoot and root biomasses, nodulation and N2 fixation. The effect of different levels of salinity (concentration of NaCl) on growth, nodulation and N2 fixation of single (Rhizobium or AMF alone) and dual inoculated (Rhizobium + AMF ) tree legume has a pot culture experiment using The parameter growth , nodulation, nitrogen fixation and % AMF colonization of roots were considerable influenced with the increase in salt concentration from 0.5 % to 4.0 % NaCl. It was observed that the mycorrhizal tree legume (inoculated with the most preferred AMF Acaulospora laevis) performed better in the increasing levels of salinity in comparison to non-mycorrhozal ones. These investigations suggested a protective role play by AMF in providing resistance to the tree legume against injurious effects of salinity. Inoculation of efficient strain of AMF (Acaulospora laevis) during the course of study, prevented the injurious effects of salinity in the test plants due to enhanced water and sustainable nutrient uptake thereby promoting growth, nodulation and biogeochemical N2 cycle (fixation of nitrogen) of the tree legume under investigation.
Apoptosis of rabbit lens epithelial cells induced by H2O2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的:研究H2O2诱导兔晶体上皮细胞凋亡.方法:采用终浓度250μmol/L H2O2处理兔晶体上皮细胞,分别用TUNEL法、流式细胞仪和透射电镜检测H2O2处理后的兔晶体上皮细胞.结果:用H2O2处理后的兔晶体上皮细胞,TUNEL法可见胞核呈棕褐色着染,苏木素不能复染;流式细胞仪检测到约9.6×105细胞出现亚二倍体峰,二倍体峰几近消失;透射电镜下细胞膜完整,但表面微绒毛消失,细胞质浓缩,胞浆内细胞器结构不清晰,并见大量大小不等的空泡,核质比例增大,胞核呈圆形,核膜双层结构不清,呈光滑状,核内染色质聚集成块,部分染色质边集.结论:终浓度250μmol/L H2O2可以诱导兔晶体上皮细胞发生凋亡.