jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breakdown voltage measurements in alkali-metal-seeded rare gases at elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The results of breakdown voltage measurements in various rare-gas - alkali-metal mixtures at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperature are given, the diluent gases being helium, neon and argon, and the seed metals, caesium, potassium and sodium. The breakdown voltage is shown to increase linearly as the electrode spacing rises from 1 to 15 mm, and to show little systematic variation with changing temperature over the range 650-950°C. The breakdown voltage falls slowly as the seed pressure rises from very low values, passes through a broad minimum in the region of 1 torr, then rises sharply at high pressures.
A Decision-Making Model for Deterring Food Vendors from Selling Harmless Low-Quality Foods as High-Quality Foods to Consumers

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

For certain types of foods, food vendors often label low-quality foods that are harmless to human health as foods of excellent quality and sell these falsely labeled products to consumers. Because this type of food poses no harm to human health, when public health units discover their act of false labeling or food adulteration, vendors are only penalized with a fine rather than having them assume criminal liability. Upon discovering vendors act of falsely labeling food, public health units typically punish the involved parties according to the extent of false labeling. Such static protective measure is ineffective. Instead, the extent of punishment should be based not only on the extent of false labeling, but also on the frequency of food sampling as well as the number of samples obtained for food inspections. Only through this dynamic approach can food adulteration or false labeling be effectively prevented. Adopting the standpoint of the public sector in food safety management, this study developed a mathematical model that facilitates discussion on the aforementioned problems. Furthermore, we discussed how the supply-demand environmental factors of the food market are influenced by the administrative means that the public health units have used to prevent food false labeling.
A comprehensive review of solar thermal desalination technologies for freshwater production

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<abstract> <p>This review is inspired by the increasing shortage of fresh water in areas of the world, and is written in response to the expanding demand for sustainable technologies due to the prevailing crisis of depleting natural water resources. It focuses on comprehending different solar energy-based technologies. Since the increasing population has resulted in the rising demand for freshwater, desalination installation volume is rapidly increasing globally. Conventional ways of desalination technologies involve the use of fossil fuels to extract thermal energy which imparts adverse impacts on the environment. To lessen the carbon footprint left by energy-intensive desalination processes, the emphasis has shifted to using renewable energy sources to drive desalination systems. The growing interest in combining solar energy with desalination with an emphasis on increasing energy efficiency has been sparked by the rapid advancements in solar energy technology, particularly solar thermal. This review paper aims to reflect various developments in solar thermal desalination technologies and presents prospects of solar energy-based desalination techniques. This paper reviews direct and indirect desalination techniques coupled with solar energy, and goes on to explain recent trends in technologies. This review also summarizes the emerging trends in the field of solar thermal desalination technologies. The use of nanoparticles and photo-thermal materials for localized heating in solar desalination systems has decreased energy consumption and enhanced the efficiency of the system. Solar power combined with emerging processes like membrane distillation (MD) has also a recent resurgence.</p> </abstract>
High-intensity interval training speeds the adjustment of pulmonary O2uptake, but not muscle deoxygenation, during moderate-intensity exercise transitions initiated from low and elevated baseline metabolic rates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During step transitions in work rate (WR) within the moderate-intensity (MOD) exercise domain, pulmonary O 2 uptake (V̇o 2p ) kinetics are slowed, and V̇o 2p gain (ΔV̇o 2p /ΔWR) is greater when exercise is initiated from an elevated metabolic rate. High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been shown to speed V̇o 2p kinetics when step transitions to MOD exercise are initiated from light-intensity baseline metabolic rates. The effects of HIT on step transitions initiated from elevated metabolic rates have not been established. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of HIT on V̇o 2p kinetics during transitions from low and elevated metabolic rates, within the MOD domain. Eight young, untrained men completed 12 sessions of HIT (spanning 4 wk). HIT consisted of 8–12 1-min intervals, cycling at a WR corresponding to 110% of pretraining maximal WR (WR max ). Pre-, mid- and posttraining, subjects completed a ramp-incremental test to determine maximum O 2 uptake, WR max , and estimated lactate threshold (θ̂ L ). Participants additionally completed double-step constant-load tests, consisting of step transitions from 20 W → Δ45% θ̂ L [lower step (LS)] and Δ45 → 90% θ̂ L [upper step (US)]. HIT led to increases in maximum O 2 uptake ( P < 0.05) and WR max ( P < 0.01), and τV̇o 2p of both lower and upper MOD step transitions were reduced by ∼40% (LS: 24 s → 15 s; US: 45 s → 25 s) ( P < 0.01). However, the time course of adjustment of local muscle deoxygenation was unchanged in the LS and US. These results suggest that speeding of V̇o 2p kinetics in both the LS and US may be due, in part, to an improved matching of muscle O 2 utilization to microvascular O 2 delivery within the working muscle following 12 sessions of HIT, although muscle metabolic adaptations cannot be discounted.
STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF SESQUITERPENE LACTONES V. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ARBORESCIN

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Arborescin has been synthesized in 11 steps from 3α,4α-epoxy-1,1-ethylenedioxy-5αH,6β,11βH-eudesman-6,13-olide. The key step involves solvolytic rearrangement of 3α-benzoyloxy-1β-mesyloxy-5αH,4β,6β,11βH-eudesman-6,13-olide. The stereochemistry of epoxide ring of arborescin has been determined to be β-orientation from this synthesis.
The Syndrome of Hypertension, Hyperreninemia and Secondary Aldosteronism Associated with Renal Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor (primary Reninism)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1973The Syndrome of Hypertension, Hyperreninemia and Secondary Aldosteronism Associated with Renal Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor (primary Reninism) J.W. Conn, E.L. Cohen, W.J. McDonald, W.M. Blough, C.P. Lucas, G.H. Mayor, W.C. Eveland, J.J. Bookstein, and J. Lapides J.W. ConnJ.W. Conn , E.L. CohenE.L. Cohen , W.J. McDonaldW.J. McDonald , W.M. BloughW.M. Blough , C.P. LucasC.P. Lucas , G.H. MayorG.H. Mayor , W.C. EvelandW.C. Eveland , J.J. BooksteinJ.J. Bookstein , and J. LapidesJ. Lapides View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60423-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySchonfeld A, Jackson J, Somerville S, Johnson C and Anderson P (2018) Renin-Secreting Juxtaglomerular Tumor Causing Severe Hypertension: Diagnosis by Computerized Tomography-Directed Needle BiopsyJournal of Urology, VOL. 146, NO. 6, (1607-1609), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1991.Altaffer L and Chenault O (2018) Paraneoplastic Endocrinopathies Associated With Renal TumorsJournal of Urology, VOL. 122, NO. 5, (573-577), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1979.Nakada T, Momose G, Yoshida T, Tateno Y, Shigematsu H and Saito T (2018) Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System of a Woman with Bartter's Syndrome: Juxtaglomerular Cell Hyperplasia without HypertensionJournal of Urology, VOL. 112, NO. 3, (293-298), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1974. Volume 109 Issue 3 March 1973 Page: 349-355 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information J.W. Conn More articles by this author E.L. Cohen More articles by this author W.J. McDonald More articles by this author W.M. Blough More articles by this author C.P. Lucas More articles by this author G.H. Mayor More articles by this author W.C. Eveland More articles by this author J.J. Bookstein More articles by this author J. Lapides More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Impact of Marital Quality And Psychological Well-Being On Parental Sensitivity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which marital quality influences psychological well-being, thereby contributing to parental sensitivity to infant cues among first-time mothers and fathers; the effects of parental age and infant sex on parental sensitivity; and whether the determinants of parental sensitivity differ between first-time mothers and first-time fathers. Data collections were done in the homes of 71 married couples with healthy, first-born 3-month-old infants. The maternal regression equation accounted for 17% of the variance in parental sensitivity, with perceptions of the spouse's participation in family life and maternal age explaining the most variance. The paternal equation accounted for 6% of the variance, with psychological well-being the only significant predictor. The sex of the infant was not a significant predictor of parental sensitivity for either parent.
Possible Application of the Phytogenic Potential as an Electric Energy Source

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, there has been a surge in the development of new electric energy sources in a wide variety fields. Examples of such energy sources are the fuel cell-, biomass-, plasma-, solar-, and wind-power generators, among others. In the present research, an attempt is made to apply the phytogenic potential as a new electric energy source, and the possibility to utilize this electric power without environmental disruption is examined. However, the maximum values of the potential were approximately 250 mV for most of the plants studied in the present experiments, and thus do not satisfy the criteria required for practical use, such as the drive voltage for an electronic circuit. For use in a practical application, it is, therefore, necessary to boost the potential value. Generally, however, it is difficult to boost the value of the potential. That is, the potential value is not boosted by simply connecting each phytogenic potential in series. The present paper describes how the potential value can be boosted by the use of special techniques, resulting in a successful boosted potential value of approximately 2.1 V. An electric double layer capacitor was charged with the electricity, and produced a luminescence of the light emission diode for approximately 3 minutes.
Effects of prenatal X-irradiation on testicular function and morphology in the rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Present findings confirm and extend previous observations that x-irradiation during certain stages of prenatal development results in testicular injury and infertility in the male rat. The effects were particularly marked in the offspring of rats irradiated on the 18th day of pregnancy. These rats also showed in addition to testes injury a significant reduction in seminal vesicle weight. Testicular injury also occurred in the offspring of rats irradiated on the 14th day of pregnancy but was less marked than in the 18-day series. No abnormalities in testicular function or morphology were observed in the offspring of rats irradiated on the 10th day of pregnancy.
Does the effective diminution of nonenzymatic glycation by D-lysine really highlight its potential use in vivo?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Does the effective diminution of nonenzymatic glycation by D-lysine really highlight its potential use in vivo? Get access G Lubec, G Lubec Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Schmid, R Schmid Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B Bartosch B Bartosch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 35, Issue 11, 1 November 1989, Page 2254, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.11.2254 Published: 01 November 1989
Enhancing Prostate Cancer Risk Prediction Using a Hybrid Near Sets and Soft Sets Model: A Novel Approach for Improved Patient Care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is a major health concern, and accurate risk prediction is essential for effective treatment. This paper presents a novel hybrid model combining near sets and soft sets to enhance prostate cancer risk assessment. By integrating artificial intelligence with medical data, our model captures uncertainties and provides more precise, personalized risk evaluations. Experiments focusing on key clinical factors, such as age and PSA levels, demonstrate significant improvements in early detection and treatment decisions. This research highlights the potential of hybrid AI models to improve patient care and outcomes in oncology.
Intricacies of mega and complex projects: a survey of AAMI Park, Australia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Complexity science brings together differing paradigms and thoughts. It has attracted academic interest as a means of understanding complex social and technological phenomena. The emergence of increasingly complex building design, construction and technologies is posing numerous challenges for professionals. This paper utilises complexity science, and the practical application of complexity theories, to evaluate holistically the development of a unique major sporting stadium, known as AAMI Park, in Melbourne, Australia. The authors assess the complexity of this project and rank it on a complexity scale to illustrate the level of knowledge and expertise required to deliver such projects. The most dominant and complex feature of AAMI Park, the bio-frame roof, which was innovative at the time, posed unique challenges. Therefore, the authors also evaluate the constraints and specific project delivery methods developed to manage best its complications. Since the adaptive management approach was used for this project, this paper assessed this approach to recommend enhanced delivery methodologies for similar future projects. Further, since the design of this project was the first of a kind, the authors seek to identify the level of project complexity and its success through the lens of complexity theory.
Acute Effect of Three Different Stretching protocols on Wingate Test

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The impact of stretching exercises on physical fitness has been highly discussed, and the main goals are to improve performance, reduce risk of injury or even to reduce soreness after exercise. However, few researches have addressed effects of stretching used during warm-up on power output during anaerobic exercise. PURPOSE: To examine the acute responses of three different stretching protocols on a maximal anaerobic Wingate test (WT). METHODS: Fifteen active male volunteers (25±3.3yrs; 178.5±8cm; 78.3±7,9kg; 15.4±3.5% body fat) participated in the study. The experimental protocol consisted in four WT on a Monark 824-E performed after: (1) a non-stretching (NS); (2) a static stretching protocol- 3 sets of 30s -(SS); (3) a dynamic stretching protocol, applied 3 sets of 5 slow repetitions and subsequent 10 repetitions as fast as possible (DS) and (4) a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) protocol (3 performs), achieving the maximum range of motion, when the volunteer was asked to make the maximum opposite force during eight seconds and relaxing. Three stretching exercises were conducted, one for each muscle involved in the exercise (hamstrings, quadriceps and calves). The order of tests was randomized and they were recorded into a video camera (CANON power shot A410, Japan) at 10 frames/s. The peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and anaerobic fatigue index (AFI) were determined frame by frame, and the results of the tests were compared through repeated measures ANOVA (α=0.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were obtained among stretching conditioning for PP- DS 10.2±1.3 versus SS 9.2±1.2 W/Kg (p=0.008); DS versus PNF 9±1.2 (p=0.0006)-, but when comparing NS versus any stretching conditioning no difference was obtained (p>0.05). Concerning MP, significant difference occurs only between DS 7.7±0.9 and PNF 7.3±0.9 (p=0.035). The AFI did not demonstrate significant difference among all conditions (p=0.11). CONCLUSION: When comparing the NS with any stretching protocol no difference was obtained, suggesting that stretching exercises do not affect the WT results. However, when comparing DS with others stretching conditioning, improves on PP and MP was observe. Therefore, the DS seems to be a better strategy for use stretching exercises during warm up before de WT.
Genetic basis of cefotaxime resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Cairo

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Resistance rate of uropathogenic Escherichia coli against different antimicrobial agents is currently a matter of concern. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 100 uropathogenicE. coli isolated from Saudi Arabia was conducted by broth microdilution method. The resistance genes for chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and streptomycinwere checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall resistance for sulphamethoxazole and streptomycin was 100%. However, the resistance rates for ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, amoxicillin/clavulanate, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefepime and nitrofurantoin were 90, 85, 83, 70, 62, 60, 42, 29, 24, 22, 21, 20, 17 and 5% respectively. All isolates were sensitive to imipenem, tigecycline and cefoxitin. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistance genes for strA + strB, tet(B), catI, sul2, aadA, sul1, cmlA, tet(D) and sul3 were 100, 94.5, 89.5, 86.36, 77.3, 68.18, 45, 13.6 and 5.5% respectively. The catI, tet(B), and sul2 genes were the most prevalent resistance genes. The prevalence of class 1 integrase was 95.45%. The present study gives baseline data on molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic E. coli from Riyadh. In the majority of cases, resistance to a given antimicrobial was caused by more than single gene.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, urinary tract infections, antimicrobial resistances, Saudi Arabia.
Wideband Metamaterial Absorbers Based on Conductive Plastic with Additive Manufacturing Technology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a wideband and polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber (MA) based on tractable conductive plastic, which is compatible with an additive manufacturing technology. We provide the design, fabrication, and measurement result of the proposed absorber and investigate its absorption principle. The performance characteristics of the structure are demonstrated numerically and experimentally. The simulation results indicate that the absorption of this absorber is greater than 90% in the frequency range of 16.3-54.3 GHz, corresponding to the relative absorption bandwidth of 108%, where a high absorption rate is achieved. Most importantly, this additive manufactured structure provides a new way for the design and fabrication of wideband MAs.
Research article The effects of riparian habitat quality and biological water quality on the European Otter (Lutra lutra) in Devon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

After a period of decline, European Otter (Lutra lutra) populations are showing signs of recovery throughout the UK. Populations in Devon are thought to be almost fully recovered, although exact numbers are unknown; however, there are still rivers within Devon that do not appear to support Otter populations. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between environmental condition and the presence of Otters by comparing the quality of riparian habitat of rivers with and without evidence of Otters. The research was undertaken in four rivers in Devon, the Rivers Culm, Ken, Coly and Otter: the first two being river stretches with no docu- mented evidence of Otter populations, and the latter two having documented evidence of Otter populations. Along each of the rivers, 10 sections of 50 m were sampled. In each section, the riparian habitat quality was recorded using the Qualitat del Bosc de Riberia index. The biological water quality was determined by calculating Biological Monitoring Water Party scores, and water chemical concentrations were obtained from Environment Agency data. The riparian habitat quality and biological water quality were found to be of significantly lower quality in the river stretches that did not have evidence of Otter populations when compared with those with Otter populations. The chemical water quality was correlated to biological water quality: the quality being worse in the rivers without evidence of Otter populations. The results of this research suggest that rivers with no evidence of Otter populations are generally of worse riparian quality than those supporting Otter populations.
Thermal Mass Flow Controller Induced Temperature Fluctuations in a Gas Flow Calibration Line at NMISA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The National Metrology Institute of South Africa's (NMISA) gas flow laboratory uses TMFCs to control gas flow rate during calibration of gas flow meters.The TMFC is connected upstream of the unit under test (UUT) during calibration.The laboratory performs gas flow calibrations in the range 5 mL/min -50 L/min using nitrogen as flow medium.The gas temperature at the UUT's location downstream of an TMFC has been found to fluctuate proportionally to the change in the flow rate at flow rates above 250 mL/min and below 22.5 L/min.This temperature fluctuation has a significant effect on measurements by volumetric gas flow meters not installed with temperature and pressure sensors.The temperature fluctuations are attributed to heat generated by the MFC electronics and transferred via thermal convection currents, and the heat absorbed by the gas flowing through the capillary sensor tube.This paper discusses gas temperature fluctuations observed at the NMISA flow laboratory as gas flow rate is changed using a TMFC.It also discusses a calibration setup used to measure temperature and pressure at the UUT's location for volumetric gas flow meters without temperature and pressure sensors.These temperature and pressure measurements allow the metrologist to convert volumetric flow rate to mass (standardised) flow rate at a specific temperature (Ts) for instruments such as bubble flow meters.The temperature Ts is chosen such that it matches field temperature as close as possible.