jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Application of IoT and Block-chain Coupling Technology in the Management of Information Resources in the Whole Life Cycle of Coal Machinery Equipment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problems of poor sharing, weak transparency, and poor management of coal machinery equipment information resources, a whole life cycle information resource management method for coal machinery equipment incorporating the Internet of things and block-chain technology was proposed. Firstly, the key technologies of data acquisition, remote transmission and data processing in the environment of internet of things are studied to realize the information acquisition, transmission and storage of coal machinery equipment. Then, based on the decentralized, traceable and non tamperable characteristics of block-chain technology and the existing step-by-step intelligent production network in the research and development, production and use of coal machinery equipment, a block-chain model for the whole life cycle of coal machinery equipment is established, and the data of each link is equally connected according to the smart contract paradigm on the chain, so as to realize the data connection and sharing of the whole industrial chain and the complementary innovation technology of the industrial chain. Finally, the coupling model of the Internet of things and block-chain is established, and the challenges in the application of the coupling model in the coal machinery equipment's whole life cycle information resource management are analyzed and summarized. This study can strengthen the supervision of coal mining enterprises, realize the large-scale sharing of coal machine design and manufacturing resources, and protect the information security of data.
Deteriorative changes in pink perch mince during frozen storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary. Frozen storage of mechanically deboned pink perch mince for 180 days resulted in a decrease in emulsifying capacity, protein solubility, and relative viscosity while, cook‐loss, water binding capacity in terms of absorbed moisture, and drip‐loss increased. Alteration in protein fractions were observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein break down products (volatile bases) were increased. There was little change in lipid oxidation products (peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid) but a very large increase in free fatty acids. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations existed between several of these changes. Sensory attributes of the cooked mince deteriorated after 90 days. Mechanical deboning and freezing of the pink perch mince could offer a potential means of processing currently wasted by‐catch fish for human food.
Economic and Comorbidity Burden Among Moderate‐to‐Severe Psoriasis Patients with Comorbid Psoriatic Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare the prevalence of comorbidities, health care utilization, and costs between moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis (PsO) patients with comorbid psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and matched controls. Methods Adults ages 18–64 years with concomitant diagnoses of PsO and PsA (PsO+PsA) were identified in the OptumHealth Reporting and Insights claims database between January 2007 and March 2012. Moderate‐to‐severe PsO was defined based on the use of at least one systemic or phototherapy during the 12‐month study period after the index date (randomly selected date after the first PsO diagnosis). Control patients without PsO and PsA were demographically matched 1:1 with PsO+PsA patients. Multivariate regressions were employed to examine PsO/PsA‐related comorbidities, medications, health care utilization, and costs between PsO+PsA patients and controls, adjusting for demographics, index year, insurance type, and non–PsO/PsA‐related comorbidities. Results Among 1,230 matched pairs of PsO+PsA patients and controls, PsO+PsA patients had significantly more PsO/PsA‐related comorbidities, with the top 3 most common in both groups being hypertension (35.8% versus 23.5%), hyperlipidemia (34.6% versus 28.5%), and diabetes mellitus (15.9% versus 10.0%). Compared with controls, PsO+PsA patients had a higher number of distinct prescriptions filled (incidence rate ratio 2.3, P < 0.05); were more likely to have inpatient admissions (odds ratio [OR] 1.6), emergency room visits (OR 1.3), and outpatient visits (OR 62.7) (all P < 0.05); and incurred significantly higher total, pharmacy, and medical costs (adjusted annual cost differences per patient $23,160, $17,696, and $5,077, respectively; all P < 0.01). Conclusion Compared with matched PsO‐ and PsA‐free controls, moderate‐to‐severe PsO patients with comorbid PsA had higher comorbidity and health care utilization and costs.
Parental Grievances and School Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article PARENTAL GRIEVANCES AND SCHOOL POLITICS Get access M. KENT JENNINGS M. KENT JENNINGS Program Director of the Survey Research Center and Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 3, FALL 1968, Pages 363–378, https://doi.org/10.1086/267621 Published: 01 January 1968
Race and Gender as Peripheral Cues on Political Campaign Web Sites

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the roles candidate race and gender may play in the evaluation of candidates presented via campaign Web sites. Apparent race and gender of a candidate were manipulated while issue information was held constant on a campaign Web site. The candidate's gender was shown to affect evaluations of the candidate (positively for female candidates) after controlling for participant political ideology, political knowledge, and political self-efficacy. The candidate's race did not affect evaluations of the candidate. Findings are discussed in the context of peripheral bias of central processing.
Rapid sequence of events in gallstone formation in man.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective analysis was carried out on 19 adult patients who had undergone total gastrectomy for gastric cancer with truncular vagotomy and postoperative TPN, to evaluate the gallstone formation sequence in man. The patients underwent gallbladder ultrasonography before surgery, then at least once a day during the period of postoperative fasting and TPN (about 15 days) and during the first days after oral refeeding. No patients showed cholelithiasis or biliary sludge at preoperative ultrasonography; none showed cholesterol crystals at preoperative duodenal drainage. 10 of the 19 patients were sludge-positive during the first two weeks of TPN (2 after 3 days, 7 at day seven, 9 at day nine). 6 patients who were initially sludge-positive developed microlithiasis: 1 after 7 days, 2 during TPN and 3 after oral refeeding. These results lead the authors to suggest that human lithogenesis in particular conditions may be faster than that observed so far in animal models, and that the very rapid events in gallstone formation observed in this study concern the formation of pigment stones.
Patient and Provider Characteristics Associated With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Prescription in Patients With Diabetes and Proteinuric Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite accumulating evidence of cardiorenal benefits from sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, prescription of agents in this drug class may be limited by concerns regarding adverse effects and interdisciplinary care coordination. To investigate these potential barriers, we performed a cross-sectional study of SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions in 2017 in 3,779 adults with type 2 diabetes and proteinuric chronic kidney disease from a nationwide database. Only 173 (5%) of these patients received an SGLT2 inhibitor in 2017. Younger age, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor prescription, and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate were associated with SGLT2 inhibitor prescription. Primary care providers were responsible for the majority of the prescriptions. Continued efforts should be made to track and improve SGLT2 inhibitor use in indicated populations.
Simulation of vortex-antivortex pair production in a phase transition with explicit symmetry breaking

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We carry out numerical simulation of the formation of U(1) global vortices in a first order phase transition in 2+1 dimensions in the presence of small explicit symmetry breaking. Bubbles of broken symmetry phase are randomly nucleated, which grow and coalesce. Vortices form at junctions of bubbles via standard Kibble mechanism as well as due to a new mechanism, recently proposed by us, where defect-antidefect pairs are produced due to field oscillations. In a simulation involving nucleation of 63 bubbles, with bias in phase distribution inside bubbles arising from explicit symmetry breaking, we find that not a single vortex/antivortex is produced via the Kibble mechanism, while the new mechanism leads to production of 104 vortices and antivortices. Even without biasing the phase distribution inside bubbles, the vortex production is completely dominated by this new mechanism, which accounts for the production of about 80% of the vortices and antivortices, remaining 20% being produced via the Kibble mechanism. We study the dependence of the effectiveness of the new mechanism on the magnitude of explicit symmetry breaking, as well as on the nucleation rate of bubbles. We also study the effect of damping on this mechanism and show that damping suppresses this mode of vortex production.
Continued fractions and Hardy sums

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The classical Dedekind sums s ( d , c ) can be represented as sums over the partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of the rational $$\frac{d}{c}$$ d c . Hardy sums, the analog integer-valued sums arising in the transformation of the logarithms of $$\theta $$ θ -functions under a subgroup of the modular group, have been shown to satisfy many properties which mirror the properties of the classical Dedekind sums. The representation as sums of partial quotients has, however, been missing so far. We define non-classical continued fractions and prove that Hardy sums can be expressed as a sums of partial quotients of these continued fractions. As an application, we prove that the graph of the Hardy sums is dense in $$\textbf{R}\times \textbf{Z}$$ R × Z .
Social Outcome Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Children and adolescents with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk for developing social incompetence and impairment in broad psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of TBI, social competence, and broad psychosocial functioning using meta-analytic methods. Methods: Studies relating to social outcome following pediatric TBI were searched for using scientific, academic databases. Sixteen studies (N=2,005) met inclusion criteria, and relevant data relating to social functioning was extracted. Meta-analytic methods were used in order to obtain Hedges's g effect size data for mild, moderate, and severe TBI groups. Meta-regressions were also used to examine the effect of potential moderating variables, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), socioeconomic status (SES), gender, control group (typically developing (TD) or orthopedic injury (OI)), and time/age related variables. Finally, publication bias was calculated using funnel plots and Rosenthal's fail-safe N. Results: A dose-response effect was observed with mild (Hedges's g = -0.387), and moderate (Hedges's g = -0.459) groups demonstrating smaller effects when compared to the severe group (-0.814) on measures of broad psychosocial function. A dose-response effect was also observed on measures of social competence, with mild (Hedges's g = -0.098) and moderate (Hedges's g = -0.450) TBI groups demonstrating smaller effect sizes when compared to the severe TBI group (Hedges's g = -0.832). The GCS was a significant predictor of both broad psychosocial functioning (B = 0.065, p < 0.001) and social competence (B = 0.079, p < 0.001), such that more severe injuries predicted poorer social outcomes. Gender was a significant predictor of effect size (B = 0.018, p = 0.05), such that higher proportions of females was associated with smaller effect sizes. Finally, the type of control group used in these studies was also a significant predictor of effect size (B = 0.369, p = 0.03), such that studies that used TD produced larger effect sizes when compared to studies that used OI. Overall, there was little evidence for publication bias. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with a history of TBI demonstrated significant differences from their peers in social competence and broad psychosocial functioning following TBI. The severity of the injury is important in understanding and predicting social outcomes following pediatric TBI. Implications of these findings are discussed.
1096 The African Surgical Outcomes Study in Paediatric Patients (ASOS-Paeds) and Global Paediatric Perioperative Mortality - a Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim There is little data for surgical outcomes of children in Africa. This is of particular importance as children constitute 40% of the African population, compared to a global average of 25%. As part of ASOS-Paeds - a prospective cohort study of children undergoing surgery in African countries, we undertook a meta-analysis to synthesise the evidence on global paediatric perioperative mortality. Method We searched MEDLINE, Embase and WHO Global Index Medicus for studies published within the last decade, reporting paediatric perioperative mortality. We included studies with ≥200 children that reported perioperative mortality for multiple surgical specialties and procedures. Perioperative mortality was defined as death within 30 days of surgery. For meta-analysis, proportions were combined using a random effects model. Results After screening 13,258 s and reviewing 158 full-text reports, data from 9 studies were eligible for synthesis along with data from ASOS-Paeds. The meta-analysis included 579,733 children from Africa, Europe, and North America. The pooled perioperative mortality rate per 1,000 children (95% CI) was 17.91 (9.78, 26.04) in Africa compared to 2.18 (0.95, 3.42) in Europe and North America. This equates to excess paediatric perioperative mortality in Africa between 6 (in the best-case scenario) to 25 (in the worst-case scenario) per 1,000 children. Conclusions Perioperative mortality for children undergoing surgery in Africa is 8-fold higher than in Europe and North America. Access to safe and affordable anaesthesia and surgery should be a public health priority and urgent action is needed to improve surgical outcomes for children in Africa.
A Case Study of Complex Policy Design: The Systems Engineering Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Design, structure, modelling, and analysis of complex systems can significantly benefit from a systematic approach. One way to address a complex system using a systematic approach is to combine creative and analytical methods, such as general morphological analysis and design structure matrix. The aim is to propose a framework to address complex systems in two stages: first, formulation and generation of alternatives through general morphological analysis, and second, improvement and integration with design structure matrix for sequence optimization and cluster analysis. Moreover, general morphological analysis is further optimized through a novel sensitivity analysis approach reducing up to 80% the iteration time. The proposed approach is showcased in a case study of sustainable policy formulation for a wastewater treatment plant at a pulp and paper industry in Brazil. The results show that it is possible to generate a solution space that highlights the best possible combinations of the given alternatives while also providing an optimal sequence and grouping for an optimized implementation. The paper contributes to the field of conceptual modelling by offering a systematic approach to integrate sustainability.
Motorcyclist Perceptions on Road Safety Considering Awareness, Riding Behavior, and Risk-Taking Behavior, as Latent Variables

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2018, as many as 74% of the death tolls of road users in Indonesia derived from motorcycle riders. Factors causing traffic accidents originate commonly from humans, vehicles, and roads, in which human factor stands on top. One of the most significant contributor areas to traffic accidents in Indonesia was Aceh Province, because of risky riding behavior. This study aimed to investigate the motorcyclist perception toward road safety according to awareness, riding behavior, and risk-taking behavior, as latent variables. Primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires among motorcyclists in Banda Aceh City, Aceh Province. The questionnaire structure consisted of 2 parts, i.e., motorcyclist characteristics and motorcyclist perceptions using latent variables. The analysis utilized the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Structural Equation Model. The results showed that the risk-taking behavior was positively influenced by riding behavior, and the awareness of motorcycle rider affected the riding behavior positively. In terms of indicator affecting the latent variable was, parking close to the intersection showed the highest contribution to riding behavior. In sum, the model constitutes as good fit.
Assessment of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Composites for Ablative Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focused on the thermal stability and ablative behavior assessment of five newly developed composite TPS configurations. All ten test samples were 3D printed via FDM using various fire-retardant thermoplastic materials, with and without reinforcement. Eight samples integrated a new thermal management internal air chamber conceptualized architecture. A prompt feasible approach for the flame resistance preliminary assessment of ablative TPS samples was developed, using an in-house oxy-acetylene torch test bench. Experimental OTB ablation tests involved exposing the front surface samples to direct flame at 1450 ± 50 °C at 100 mm distance. For each configuration, two samples were tested: one subjected to 30 s of flame exposure and the other to 60 s. During testing, internal temperatures were measured at two backside sample contact points. Recorded temperatures remained below 46 °C, significantly under the maximum allowable back face temperature of 180 °C set for TPSs. The highest mass losses were measured for PC and PETG FR materials, achieving around 19% (30 s) and, respectively, 36% (60 s), while the reinforced configurations showed overall only a third of this reduction. The study’s major outcomes were the internal air chamber concept validation and identifying two reinforced configurations as strong candidates for the further development of 3D-printed ablative TPSs.
Onset of human preterm and term birth is related to unique inflammatory transcriptome profiles at the maternal fetal interface

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Preterm birth is a main determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and a major contributor to the overall mortality and burden of disease. However, research of the preterm birth is hindered by the imprecise definition of the clinical phenotype and complexity of the molecular phenotype due to multiple pregnancy tissue types and molecular processes that may contribute to the preterm birth. Here we comprehensively evaluate the mRNA transcriptome that characterizes preterm and term labor in tissues comprising the pregnancy using precisely phenotyped samples. The four complementary phenotypes together provide comprehensive insight into preterm and term parturition. Methods Samples of maternal blood, chorion, amnion, placenta, decidua, fetal blood, and myometrium from the uterine fundus and lower segment ( n = 183) were obtained during cesarean delivery from women with four complementary phenotypes: delivering preterm with (PL) and without labor (PNL), term with (TL) and without labor (TNL). Enrolled were 35 pregnant women with four precisely and prospectively defined phenotypes: PL ( n = 8), PNL ( n = 10), TL ( n = 7) and TNL ( n = 10). Gene expression data were analyzed using shrunken centroid analysis to identify a minimal set of genes that uniquely characterizes each of the four phenotypes. Expression profiles of 73 genes and non-coding RNA sequences uniquely identified each of the four phenotypes. The shrunken centroid analysis and 10 times 10-fold cross-validation was also used to minimize false positive finings and overfitting. Identified were the pathways and molecular processes associated with and the cis-regulatory elements in gene’s 5′ promoter or 3′-UTR regions of the set of genes which expression uniquely characterized the four phenotypes. Results The largest differences in gene expression among the four groups occurred at maternal fetal interface in decidua, chorion and amnion. The gene expression profiles showed suppression of chemokines expression in TNL, withdrawal of this suppression in TL, activation of multiple pathways of inflammation in PL, and an immune rejection profile in PNL. The genes constituting expression signatures showed over-representation of three putative regulatory elements in their 5′and 3′ UTR regions. Conclusions The results suggest that pregnancy is maintained by downregulation of chemokines at the maternal-fetal interface. Withdrawal of this downregulation results in the term birth and its overriding by the activation of multiple pathways of the immune system in the preterm birth. Complications of the pregnancy associated with impairment of placental function, which necessitated premature delivery of the fetus in the absence of labor, show gene expression patterns associated with immune rejection.
Figs 10–14 in A New Genus And Some Other Data Of Oribatids From Thailand (Acari: Oribatida)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figs 10–14. Phthiracarus thaiensis sp. n. – 10 = body in lateral view, 11 = rostrum in lateral view, 12 = femur of leg I, 13 = aspis in dorsal view, 14 = anogenital region
Advanced Diagnostic Model for Gearbox Degradation Prediction Under Various Operating Conditions and Degradation Levels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study introduces a novel three-stage diagnostic methodology aimed at enhancing the prediction and classification of gearbox degradation under various operating conditions and multiple degradation levels, addressing the complexities encountered in real-world industrial settings. Leveraging the latest advancements in data-driven approaches, from similarity-based methods to residual-based deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and pseudo-labeling techniques, our approach systematically classifies data into known, unknown, and undetermined categories, predicts known degradation levels, and refines classification models with augmented pseudo-label data. The efficacy of our methodology is demonstrated through its remarkable performance using the data from the PHM North America 2023 Conference Data Challenge. It achieves scores of 600 / 800 on the testing data and 574 / 813 on the validation data, significantly surpassing the first-place scores of 463.5 and 472 in the competition, respectively, setting a new benchmark in the field of gear fault diagnosis.