jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of errors due to assigned model constants in pharmacokinetic calculations based on functional optimization.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mathematical models in pharmacokinetic studies frequently include, in addition to model parameters that are estimated from experimental data, model constants that are directly measured or derived from standardized, anthropometric formulae. Although these assigned constants are usually considered as error-free, uncertainties in their values affect the estimation precision of the remaining model parameters as well as the reliability of other derived quantities such as predictions of drug concentration levels or prescriptions of drug dosage. The present paper addresses the problem of quantifying the effects of errors in assigned model constants on the outcome of pharmacokinetic calculations. The error analysis is performed starting from the general assumption that the optimization of some objective function, such as encountered in parameter estimation, is involved. The proposed approach is based on the linearization of theoretical conditions that must be satisfied by the optimal solution of the problems. It requires quite complex mathematical calculations which can be however performed automatically by specific software based on symbolic computer algebra. Examples of applications are reported showing the usefulness of this kind of error analysis, in particular for detecting potentially critical error sources in the modeling of physiological systems and for suggesting improvements to experimental protocols for increasing the confidence in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
Sergent 1, interview, 1992-07-02

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Interview of Sergeant 1 Dt/dlg 11 a field supervisor of the Los Angeles Police Department's Rampart Division, about his recollection and impressions of the civil disturbance as well as the Rampart Division’s involvement in the Los Angeles Police Department's subsequent response. The subject chose to remain anonymous, 1992 July 2. PART OF SERIES: After the violence had subsided, the Webster Commission met of a variety of public officials, law enforcement personnel, activists, and community leaders to discuss the rioting, its root causes, and the adequacy of the LAPD's response. The series includes summaries of these meetings, including questions and comments along of the interviewers' own mental impressions, conclusions, and opinions. Materials are arranged in alphabetical order, according to the last name of the interviewee.
Milieux et mouvements libertaires pendant la Seconde République et la Guerre Civile espagnole

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anarchism is a political current that is distinguished by its diversity and heterogeneity. Yet, the libertarian circles have often been comprehended by historiography in a homogeneous way, contributing to reify their stories. In the face of these pitfalls and also against hagiography activists, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a synthesis of new interpretations of “anarchism” during the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War. We cannot understand the history of the thirties in Spain without looking at the discourses and practices of libertarian circles.
Review of Journal of Germanic linguistics (special edition), edited by Paul T. Roberge and Rajend Mestrie

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preview this article: Review of Journal of Germanic linguistics (special edition), edited by Paul T. Roberge and Rajend Mestrie, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/jpcl.19.2.12coe-1.gif
Using telehealth in motor neuron disease to increase access to specialist multidisciplinary care: a UK-based pilot and feasibility study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Care of patients with motor neuron disease (MND) in a specialist, multidisciplinary clinic is associated with improved survival, but access is not universal. We wanted to pilot and establish the feasibility of a definitive trial of a novel telehealth system (Telehealth in Motor neuron disease, TiM) in patients with MND. Design An 18-month, single-centre, mixed-methods, randomised, controlled pilot and feasibility study. Intervention TiM telehealth plus usual care versus usual care. Setting A specialist MND care centre in the UK. Participants Patients with MND and their primary informal carers. Primary and secondary outcome measures Recruitment, retention and data collection rates, clinical outcomes including participant quality of life and anxiety and depression. Results Recruitment achieved the target of 40 patients and 37 carers. Participant characteristics reflected those attending the specialist clinic and included those with severe disability and those with limited experience of technology. Retention and data collection was good. Eighty per cent of patients and 82% of carer participants reported outcome measures were completed at 6 months. Using a longitudinal analysis with repeated measures of quality of life (QoL), a sample size of 131 per arm is recommended in a definitive trial. The methods and intervention were acceptable to participants who were highly motivated to participate to research. The low burden of participation and accessibility of the intervention meant barriers to participation were minimal. However, the study highlighted difficulties assessing the associated costs of the intervention, the challenge of recruitment in such a rare disease and the difficulties of producing rigorous evidence of impact in such a complex intervention. Conclusion A definitive trial of TiM is feasible but challenging. The complexity of the intervention and heterogeneity of the patient population means that a randomised controlled trial may not be the best way to evaluate the further development and implementation of the TiM. Trial registration number ISRCTN26675465 .
Results of the Mycological Investigation of the Shoot System of “Irinovsky Oak” Tree (Leningrad Region, Russia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The wild nature monument “184-year-old oak tree in the village of Irinovka” (Leningrad region, Russia), better known in local history literature as “Irinovsky Oak”, was officially opened in 2013. It is represented by a separate pedunculate oak tree (Quercus robur), planted in 1829 and preserved in satisfactory condition at 194 years of age. This paper presents data from a survey of the shoot system of the tree investigated, carried out on August 4, 2022. A total of 12 fungal species were registered (Cladosporium herbarum, Colpoma quercinum, Coryneum depressum, Diatrypella quercina, Erysiphe alphitoides, Hyphoderma setigerum, Laetiporus sulphureus, Marchandiomyces co-rallinus, Peniophora quercina, Trichoderma viride, Sphaerulina quercicola, Vuilleminia comedens). The lichenicolous species Marchandiomyces corallinus was reported as new find to the Leningrad region. It was shown that the shoot system of the tree investigated is associated with a complex of Quercus robur-adapted and co-adapted species, among which such necrotrophs as Sphaerulina quercicola and Coryneum depressum, and pathogenic saprotroph as Vuilleminia comedens, as well as saprotrophs (Diatrypella quercina, Peniophora quercina) are dominated. This species complex ensures a continuous process of the crown self-thinning.
Hearing outcomes in canal wall up versus canal wall down mastoidectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common problem seen in numerous patients with high rate of morbidity and psychosocial impact. The mainstay of management remains surgical. The two surgical techniques used globally for management of patients with middle ear cleft pathology are canal wall up and canal wall down mastoid surgeries. Deciding factors for type of procedure done depend on; the interest of operating surgeon, patient’s general health and age, extent and type of pathology in the middle ear and also considering functional hearing outcomes of both the surgical procedures. Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the hearing outcomes and graft take up rate between canal wall up and canal wall down mastoidectomy procedures. Methods The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, a tertiary care multi-speciality teaching hospital from October 2018- August 2020. The study group included 100 patients. In this study, all the patients underwent mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft. Intact canal wall mastoidectomy was done in patients with localized cholesteatoma while canal wall down mastoidectomy was done in patients having extensive disease. Regular follow up was done every week for first 3 weeks, later at 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month and 1 year. Study Design: Comparative study. Results A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The age of the patients 10 to 50 years with a mean age of 18.7 ± 15 years with male to female ratio 7:10. In the present study, graft take up in canal wall up mastoidectomy was 66.6% as compared to 33.4% in canal wall down procedure which was significantly higher (ꭓ2=10.72, p = 0.0011). Hearing gain in canal wall up procedure (17.02 ± 8.51db) was higher as compared to canal wall down mastoidectomy (10.3 ± 6.98), (t = 4.22, p < 0.001). It was statistically significant. Recurrence was seen in 1 patient who had undergone canal wall up surgery. Conclusions Canal wall down surgery is a safer option in the matter of residual disease and recurrence. Canal wall up surgery though may need a second look procedure, but there are better results of graft take up rate and the post-operative hearing as compared to canal wall down surgery
Lessons learned from scaling up a community-based health program in the Upper East Region of northern Ghana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Ghana9s Community-Based Health Planning and Service (CHPS) initiative is envisioned to be a national program to relocate primary health care services from subdistrict health centers to convenient community locations. The initiative was launched in 4 phases. First, it was piloted in 3 villages to develop appropriate strategies. Second, the approach was tested in a factorial trial, which showed that community-based care could reduce childhood mortality by half in only 3 years. Then, a replication experiment was launched to clarify appropriate activities for implementing the fourth and final phase—national scale up. This paper discusses CHPS progress in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana, where the pace of scale up has been much more rapid than in the other 9 regions of the country despite exceedingly challenging economic, ecological, and social circumstances. The UER employed 5 strategies that facilitated scale up: (1) nurse recruitment from their home districts to improve worker morale and cultural grounding, balanced with some social distance from the village community to ensure client confidentiality, particularly regarding family planning use; (2) prioritization of CHPS planning and continuous review in management meetings to make necessary modifications to the initiative9s approach; (3) community engagement and advocacy to local politicians to mobilize resources for financing start-up costs; (4) a shared and consistent vision about CHPS among health administration leaders to ensure appropriate resources and commitment to the initiative; and (5) knowledge exchange visits between new and advanced CHPS implementers to facilitate learning and scale up within and between districts.
10 - Fluence perturbations from fiducial markers due to edge-scattering effects measured with high resolution pixel sensors for 12C ion beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To advance the understanding of fundamental mechanisms in particle therapy and to quantify the radiation-induced effects in subcellular level, we initiated an effort in design of electrostatic quadrupole (EQ) focusing lens systems, to focus low MeV ion beams onto subcellular matrix with <100 nanometer spot size. Compared to the state-of-the-art EQ sextuplet (EQS) system, our designed EQ triplet (EQT) system is ~4.7 folds shorter in length (0.84m vs. 3.887m), 2.5 times larger in ufffdufffd_ufffdufffd (95 vs. 38) and ~1.4 times longer for the working distance, respectively. Furtherly, with a ufffdufffd_ufffdufffdufffdufffd=3m and aperture diameter of 6ufffdufffdufffdufffd, a focused beam spot of ~60nm was achieved for the designed EQT system. The EQT system is promising for subcellular radiobiological study in nano-meter level.
On some properties of even‐symmetric and odd‐symmetric dynamical systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate new properties of continuous‐ and discrete‐time dynamical systems. Design/methodology/approach First, definitions of two types of spatial symmetry are introduced. These are used as definitions, which, along with existing knowledge show that it is possible to identify properties of dynamical systems that were previously unknown. Findings The main result of the paper is a new theorem regarding new properties of continuous‐ and discrete‐time dynamical systems. Research limitations/implications The present study provides a starting point for further research on the differences between continuous‐ and discrete‐time dynamical systems. This work builds on the definition of spatial symmetry. Practical implications The theorem proved in this paper and the new properties of dynamical systems can be used to introduce new methods of approximating continuous‐time dynamical systems by discrete‐time dynamical systems and vice versa. Such approaches can also be helpful in constructing chaotic sources to model noise. Originality/value This paper offers contributions to the broader discussion of differences between continuous‐ and discrete‐time dynamical systems. In particular, the paper supports the statement that many discrete‐time processes cannot be embedded into continuous ones.
A wind-fire-storage optimal scheduling method considering the combination of stepped carbon trading and energy storage mileage function

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, carbon trading market and energy storage technology only consider the production cost of the system, but ignore the objective law that carbon emission follows when participating in market trading and the law that the operating cost changes due to the change of energy storage element lifetime, which results in the weak guiding force of carbon trading market and the unreasonable allocation capacity of energy storage. Therefore, this work researches the wind-fire-storage optimal scheduling problem, proposes a multi-objective model, introduces A multi-objective model is proposed, a wind abandonment penalty mechanism and an energy storage element life change model are introduced to improve the adaptability of wind power, and a joint wind-fire-storage optimal dispatch model is constructed considering the combination of stepped carbon trading costs and storage charging and discharging milestone functions.
Identifying and Addressing Knowledge and Confidence Gaps Regarding the Management of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Via Engaging Continuing Medical Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: While there have been recent advances in therapeutic options for the management of patients with sickle cells disease (SCD), hematology providers remain challenged by how to deliver an individualized approach to care, negatively impacting patient outcomes. To address this practice gap and identify drivers that underlie persisting challenges, an interactive continuing medical education (CME) activity was developed and implemented. Methods: Vindico Medical Education provided an interactive web-based CME activity on CME.Healio.com that was available for credit for one year starting August 31, 2022. The activity included opportunities for interaction with the content to encourage engagement, transfer knowledge, improve confidence, and encourage appropriate practice patterns. Impact of education was measured by comparing paired pre- and post-test responses. Results: As of July 2023, 221 hematology/oncology providers, including 116 MDs and advanced practice providers (APPs) and 105 nurses, who each see an average of 4 patients with SCD per month participated in the education. At baseline, scores on questions related to the latest evidence regarding new SCD therapies were low in both professional cohorts - an average 30% for MD/APPs and 16% for nurses. Moreover, 95% of HCPs in both cohorts lacked confidence in their knowledge of these agents and their appropriate use. This lack of knowledge and confidence translated into practice gaps. Specifically, 48% of those involved in treatment decisions indicated in the pre-test that they had never used a newer option for SCD management, and only 17% reported that they always consider the latest evidence when individualizing treatment for patients. On a post-test, however, the MD/APP and nurse cohorts scored an average of 81% and 84%, respectively, indicative of a robust impact of the education on clinician knowledge. Similarly, there was a 41% absolute increase in clinician confidence in understanding the latest evidence. These gains in knowledge and confidence translated into post-education planned practice improvements, with completers 22% more likely to apply this knowledge to clinical decision-making. Conclusion: Hematology/oncology providers lack knowledge and confidence regarding the latest evidence in SCD treatment. While the use of interactive CME led to robust gains in knowledge and confidence, follow-up case-based education is needed to facilitate the application of knowledge to practice while continuing to improve clinician confidence.
An additional case of 9p syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new case of 9p- syndrome is presented in a 18 months old girl with typical clinical features of the syndrome: marked delay in psychomotor development, muscle hypotonia, trigonocephaly, up-slanting palpebral fissures, short nose with anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, low-set and hypoplastic auricles and others. Using G- and R- banding, the break point was found on the typical place of the chromosome 9-p22 band. The presented case confirms the earlier finding that clinical recognition of the syndrome is of great importance, since small deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 can be easily overlooked.
Analysis Of Long-Term Spatially Varying Vertical Accretion Rates Within Paleo-Environments And Vulnerable Wetlands Of The MidWithin Paleo-Environments And Vulnerable Wetlands Of The MidBarataria Diversion Receiving Basin, Louisiana, USA Barataria Diversion Receiving Basin, Louisiana, USA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Mid-Barataria Diversion basin is an interlobe basin located south of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Along with the proximal Mid-Breton Sound, these two basins are proposed locations for river sediment diversion projects to restore Louisiana’s receding wetlands and marshes. Following ratification of the Flood Control Act of 1928, anthropogenic levees were constructed along the banks of the Mississippi River to prevent flooding and to protect the state’s infrastructure. As a result, the floodplains are starved of their natural sediment replenishment and are now subject to the effects of subsidence and relative sea level rise (RSLR; total subsidence + geocentric sea level rise). The river-sediment diversion proposed by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority has great potential to restore the subsiding wetlands, though it is crucial to be certain that the basin can support such a drastic increase in water and sediment flux. A larger, over-arching study aims to quantify the rates of differential subsidence across the Mid-Barataria Diversion basin, along with how different basin lithologies in the subsurface are affected by RSLR. The research presented here leverages previous work by Hughes (2016) and Bomer et al. (2019) by using 137Cs and 210Pb geochronology to calculate long-term (~100 year) rates of vertical accretion within targeted shallow subsurface environments (e.g. marsh, paleochannel, bay). The data are then compared to physical sediment properties to estimate marsh surface stability over this time period. It was found that no spatial trends of VARs were observed in Mid-Barataria, though VARs were greater in marsh sites than bay sites. Geochronology results provided by Drs. Liz Chamberlain & Kelly Sanks show that the St. Bernard delta complex is responsible for creating most of the underlying lithology of Mid-Barataria and more recent active delta complexes served to maintain marsh surfaces. Materials deposited since the St. Bernard delta were found to have very low density in surface marsh units and are actively converting to bay environments due to wave action on marsh edges coupled with RSLR. Direct measurements of wet and dry bulk density of surface marshes were found to be 0.54 ± 0.15 g/cm3 and 0.24 ± 0.19 g/cm3, respectively, much lower than wet bulk densities of 1.1 – 1.3 g/cm3 reported in Bomer et al. (2019). Caution should be exercised while operating the diversion as the hydraulic head gradient will be large, regardless of season, and surface marshes were found to be more susceptible to erosion and subsidence than previously thought. However, these marshes were able to survive thousands of years of natural overbank deposition in Mid-Barataria basin.
An Ecological Insight Into the Design and Integration of Attacking Principles of Play in Professional Rugby Union: A Case Example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is an exciting era for applied research in high-performance sporting environments. Specifically, there are growing calls for researchers to work with coaches to produce “real-world” case examples that offer first-hand experiences into the application of theory. While ecological dynamics has emerged as a guiding theoretical framework for learning and performance in sport, there is a caveat to its use in the field. Namely, there is a general paucity of applied research that details how expert coaches have brought life to its theoretical contentions in practice. In light of this, the current paper offers a unique insight into how a professional Rugby union organization set out to ground their preparation for competitive performance within an ecological dynamics framework. More directly, this paper details how the Queensland Reds designed and integrated a set of attacking game principles that afforded players with opportunities in practice to search, discover, and exploit their actions. While this paper offers insight specific to Rugby union, its learnings are transferrable to coaches in other sports looking to situate their practice design within an ecological dynamics framework.
[Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis without pancreatic duct dilation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 11 patients with chronic pancreatitis without dilation of the main pancreatic duct, 4 had segmental lesions of the pancreas and 7 had diffuse lesions of the pancreas. Patients with the segmental lesion had a relatively good pancreatic function and were relieved from pain by surgical treatment for the segmental lesion. On the other hand, patients with the diffuse lesion had far advanced dysfunction of the pancreas and were not improved by drainage operation of the pancreatic duct. For such cases, total or near total pancreatectomy has been indicated to relieve pain at the price of creating insulin dependent diabetes. To control pain and to reserve pancreatic function as long as possible in these cases, we performed the resection of all the pancreatic nervous plexus for such 3 patients and have obtained good results, although follow-up periods are still short. This new approach may offer a means of relieving pain with preservation of endocrine function in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis, especially in patients who have not dilated pancreatic duct.