jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT HERBICIDES AGAINST BROAD LEAF WEEDS IN WHEAT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Herbicides Buctril-M @ 494 g, Buctril Super @ 445g, Logran extra 64WG 250g, Shield 75WDG @ 56g ha -1 , Strive-M 30WP @ 148 g ha -1, Lanceolate star 15EQ @ 148 g ha -1 and Aim 40DF @ 19.76 g a.i. ha -1 were tested during rabi season of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 to investigate their comparative efficacy against annual and perennial broad leaf weeds in wheat. All the herbicides tested gave complete control of Chenopodium album and Rumex dentatus. Logran extra and Shield gave poor control of Convolvulus arvensis. Among various herbicides tested only Lanceolate star and Strive-M controlled Lathyrus aphaca and Galium aparine. As regards grain yield, Lanceolate star was found to be the best dicot weedicide. It gave 26% more grain yield than control.
Helium Droplets: Unique Nanoreactors for the Investigation of Molecular Dopants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Both pulsed and continuous sources of helium nanodroplets were employed for the investigation of molecular dopants. The doped helium droplets were investigated with the use of a range of techniques including electron impact ionization mass spectrometry, electronic spectroscopy and infrared (vibrational) spectroscopy.\nElectron impact mass spectrometry was used to investigate the influence of droplet size ( = 4000 - 80 000 helium atoms) and dopant species on the formation of helium cluster cations. The abundance of larger helium cluster cations, produced from pure helium droplets, was found to increase with droplet size until an asymptotic limit was reached for = 50 000 helium atoms. The effect of a dopant species was shown to alter the He[subscript n][superscript +]/ He[subscript 2][superscript +] (n ≥ 3) signal ratio for smaller droplet sizes and was attributed to the potential energy gradient created by the cation-dopant interaction, and its potential to draw the positive charge towards the centre of the droplet. Core-shell particles, consisting of a water core and a co-dopant outer shell, were produced using a sequential pickup technique and were analysed with electron impact ionization. Of the co-dopants used O[subscript 2], N[subscript 2], C[subscript 6]D[subscript 6] and CO[subscript 2] were found to provide a softening effect on the ionization of the water clusters, whilst CO and NO increased the fragmentation of some water cluster sizes. Results from ab initio calculations of [X(H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2]][superscript +] cluster ions, where X = CO, N[subscript 2], Ar and CO[subscript 2], support the experimental results.\nA new method for recording electronic spectra of species that reside in long-lived metastable states inside the helium droplets was demonstrated using the electronic excitation of toluene into its S[subscript 1] state as an example. In another spectroscopic study, infrared depletion spectroscopy was used to record vibrational spectra of water-methane clusters. From a comparison of predicted vibrational frequencies from ab initio calculations with the experimental spectra, possible structures for the CH[subscript 4](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript n], for n = 1-3, were identified.
�Breathless Zeal and Careless Confidence�: German Propaganda in World War I (1914-1918)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the building and rethinking of German propaganda institutions during World War I. The goal of this dissertation is to illustrate the evolution of German government ideas on propaganda between 1914-1918.During the war, German military leaders, politicians, and diplomats had ambitions to change, reform and modernize approaches to media governance. They were losing the battle of ideas, they realized early on. And so German officials were desperate to make propaganda fit into the structure of government; they tried to use new media technologies to be more persuasive. Although there was an abundance of ideas, all of their approaches for better publicity and censorship failed. The root causes were Germany’s political structure, the lack of organization, and their messages, which were tone-deaf and not persuasive. In their struggle to adjust their propaganda efforts, however, the Germans were slowly learning from their mistakes. By 1918, they had drawn their own conclusions of what went wrong. Germany’s propaganda experience in the First World War is exemplary of how governments learned, over time, through countless blunders, and by modeling after their enemies, the lessons of fighting a modern propaganda war. Building on original research at political and military archives in Germany and the United States (German Federal Archives; Political Archive of the Foreign Office; Prussian Privy State Archives, Hoover Institution Library and Archives; and U.S. National Archives), the results of this study show why the ideas of German propagandists could not win the war.
O-101 LEAKAGE VERSUS MATERIAL FILTRATION IN BARRIER FACEMASK EFFICIENCY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction During COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Association recommend the wearing of facemasks to prevent the spread of virus. Methods Masks can significantly protect others and may offer some protection to the wearer. Although there are standards for FFRs (respirators), they all indicate the level of protection for the wearer. However, testing facial masks not at the point of inhalation, but at the source, the exhale, offers a new perspective on how to impede particle emissions. Results In this work, the experimental results show that, although the barrier face covering is less effective than respirators or surgical masks, it can reduce the concentration of aerosols downstream of the device. Three different facemasks are tested. Two heads manikin (emitter and receptor) are installed in a controlled environment chamber. A wet air jet containing NaCl particles is installed at the mouth of the head emitter. Barrier efficiency is defined by the effectiveness of the facemask in stopping the transmission of simulated virus to the receptor. The results on barrier efficiency show a rapid decrease in effectiveness the face covering is not sealed to the head. The barrier efficiency of two of the barrier face coverings tested is strongly dependent on leakage caused by the fit rather than the material. Discussion and conclusion While some materials certainly are more effective than others in inhibiting particle penetration, an even more profound factor is the amount of leakage emitted from a mask. New approaches to fit and design in order to reduce leakage an important factor in combatting virus aerosol transmission.
Gender differences in exercise stress testing protocol selection, exercise capacity, and prognostic value of METs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Exercise capacity, as measured by metabolic equivalents of task [METs], varies with gender and is an independent predictor of mortality. We sought to investigate gender differences in the protocol selected, the estimated exercise capacity, and the prognostic value of METs. Purpose Investigate the gender differences in the protocol chosen (adjusting for age and comorbidities), the METs achieved (also adjusting for the protocol selected), and the predictive value of exercise capacity adjusted to METs achieved. Methods In a 25-year stress testing registry spanning from 1991 to 2015, we identified 120,705 patients who underwent exercise stress testing. Protocols were split into Bruce vs. non-Bruce. METs were estimated based on established gender-specific formulas (the St James Take Heart Project formula for women, and the Veterans Affairs cohort formula for men).The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results The mean age was 53.3±12.5 years, and 59% were male. Table 1 presents the baseline characteristics and exercise parameters. A total of 8426 death occurred over 8.7 years of mean follow-up duration. Females were more commonly referred for non-Bruce protocols [adjusted OR 2.6; 95% CI (2.5–2.7)] even after adjusting for age and comorbidities. Within the same protocol chosen, females achieved lower estimated METs [Beta −1.4; 95% CI (−1.43 to −1.37)]. Exercise capacity was inversely related to mortality in both genders and across protocols (figure 1), however, after adjusting for age, comorbidities, protocol chosen, and the number of METs achieved, the HR for death was significantly lower for women [adjusted HR=0.44; 95% CI (0.41–0.46)]. Conclusion After adjusting for age and comorbidities, women tend to be more commonly referred for non-Bruce protocols, achieve less estimated METs (after adjusting for the protocol chosen), and have half the mortality for the same METs achieved. Death vs. Exercise capacity by gender Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
[Postoperative hemorrhage due to normal pressure hyperperfusion breakthrough after a trapping of VA-PICA dissecting aneurysm].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We described a case of cerebellar hemorrhage after trapping of a vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm. A forty-eight-year-old man had suffered from severe headache, vomiting and disturbance of consciousness. He was transferred to our hospital in an ambulance. Emergency CT scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the posterior fossa predominantly, intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus change. Chest X-ray showed radiological evidence of pulmonary edema. The initial blood-gas determinations demonstrated a marked reduction in PaO2 and increased PaCO2. Five days after admission, the patient's condition was improving. Cerebral angiography was performed using the Seldinger method. It revealed a right vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm just distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. We performed an operation to trap the VA dissecting aneurysm. Blood pressure was well controlled under 140 mmHg during the operation and he recovered from anesthesia completely. On the day after the operation, suddenly the patient's consciousness began to deteriorate. Emergency CT scan was performed and it showed SAH, cerebellar hemorrhage and diffuse swelling of the cerebellum on the same side as the operation. We suspected rebleeding of the aneurysm due to a clip's having slipped. Reoperation was performed, but the clip was not displaced and there were no definite bleeding vessels on the operative field. Consequently only external decompression and resection of the right cerebellum were performed. We discuss pathogenesis of the occurrence of hemorrhage in this particular case after trapping. We also review the relevant literature.
Genetic Algorithm Approach to Multi-Objective Linear Fractional Programming Problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Solving multi-objective decision-making problems is, generally, a very difficult goal. In these particular optimization problems, the objectives often conflict across a high-dimensional problem space and may also require extensive computational resources. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a stochastic heuristic optimization search technique designed following the natural selection process in biological evolution to arrive at optimal or near-optimal solutions to complex decision making problems. In this paper we consider the solution of multi-objective linear-fractional decision-making problems by GA. The GA proposed by us can produce results, which are very close or improved to the results obtained by the existing methods.
Circ_0071662, a novel tumor biomarker, suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-146b-3p

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Here, we characterized a new circRNA, named circ_0071662, which was downregulated in human bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, compared with matched adjacent normal tissues and normal bladder epithelial cells. Lower circ_0071662 level was observed in patients with advanced bladder cancer and was positively associated with poorer prognosis, including higher degrees of lymph node invasion and distal metastasis, and lower survival rate. Gain- and loss-of-functions showed that circ_0071662 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in human bladder cell lines T-24 and J82. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there are six binding sites of miR-146b-3p on circ_0071662 sequence, and pull-down assays demonstrated miR-146b-3p directly bound with circ_0071662. Moreover, circ_0071662 negatively regulated miR-146b-3p expression and positively regulated expression of miR-146b-3p target genes HPGD and NF2. Furthermore, miR-146b-3p could rescue the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion caused by circ_0071662 overexpression. In conclusion, circ_0071662 suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-146b-3p.
STUDIES ON CORRELATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GERM TUBE,PROTEINASE AND VIRULENCE OF CANDIDA ALBICANS IN MURINE MODEL OF INTRAPERITONEAL INFECTION

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate potential virulence factors which contribute to the occurance of peritonitis by C.albicans. Methods:Mice were infected by intraperitoneal(i.p.) inoculation with 40 clinical isolates,respectively.Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and amylase(AM) activities in the plasma were used as parameters for estimation of virulence.Results:Germ tube length measured in vitro correlated positively with ALT and AM activities( r ALT =0 893, r AM =0 801, P 0 01).ALT and AM levels in the blood were also correlated with secreted aspartic proteinase(SAP) activities of 40 strains( P 0 01).There was a significant reduction of ALT and AM levels when mice were treated with proteinase inhibitors before infection.Conclusions:Germ tubes and SAP contribute to virulence in the murine peritonitis model.
Stimulation of prolyl hydroxylase activity by bleomycin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The activity of purified prolyl hydroxylase (proline, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase, EC 1. 14. 11. 2) was enhanced 3 approximately 8-fold at a low concentration of ferrous ion (1 X 10(-5 M) by addition of bleomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic with antineoplastic activity and a side effect of producing pulmonary fibrosis. The maximum stimulation was attained at a concentration of 15 microgram/ml bleomycin (about 1 X 10(-5) M), which was approximately equimolar with the ferrous ion, one of the cofactors of this enzyme. Addition of bleomycin to the assay mixture resulted in a change of the optimal concentration of ferrous ion from 2 X 10(-3) M to 1 X 10(-5) M. Changing the order of addition of ferrous ion, enzyme and bleomycin in assay medium before incubation at 37 degrees C, the stimulatory activity was varied. Blemycin A2Cu++(Cu++-chelated bleomycin), which scarcely complexed with Fe++, had no enhancing effects on the enzymatic activity. We discuss the possible reasons as to why the activity of prolyl hydroxylase was enhanced by addition of bleomycin in the assay mixture.
Sex Education as Disciplinary Technique: Policy and Practice in England and Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The education of young people about `sex' remains a contentious area. It is suggested that this is because of the socially symbolic nature of sex and the necessary policing of the boundaries of heterosexuality. It is argued that sex education is a technique of governance. Forms of Sex Education are considered in relation to legislation over the last two decades and two models of sex education are proposed, that of `restricted information' and of `empowerment'. This latter seeks to challenge the normativity of functional sex education and to validate the experience of the `sexual other'. It is suggested that by so doing these alternatives also become subject to regulation and monitoring.
OR satellite pharmacies: demographics, services, and implementation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OR satellite pharmacies are a relatively new addition to a system of pharmacy-coordinated drug distribution. The institution of a pharmacy branch to service the operating room is hypothesized to have a number of advantages over a centralized pharmacy system including improved service, reduced inventory, increased charge capture, better narcotic control, and more efficient drug delivery. Hospital Pharmacy and the OR Satellite Pharmacy Bulletin published a questionnaire to obtain information on OR satellite pharmacies from those actively involved in their planning, implementation, and operation. The questionnaire covered three major areas: demographics, functions and services, and implementation. This article summarizes the results.
The Migration of Air into the Aorta from a Pneumothorax in a Patient with a Penetrating Injury of the Aorta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A tree fell on the back of a 77-year-old male. A postmortem computed tomographic pan scan revealed systemic air embolism, multiple rib fractures with a penetrating injury to the aorta, pneumohemothorax, and air in the aorta. A massive amount of air entered the site of a penetrating injury of the aorta. This unique case adds one more cause to the list of documented etiologies of air in the aorta.
Soft-Output Decoding in Multiple-Head MTR Encoded Magnetic Recording Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an approach for the soft-output decoding in multiple-head maximum-transition-run (MTR) encoded digital magnetic recording systems. The log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algebra implementation in Boolean logic mappings has been used to propagate the soft-output information through the MTR decoder. MTR code is employed as inner code in concatenation with low-density parity-check (LDPC) in two-track two-head E2PR4 partial response (PR) magnetic recording channel. The overall decoding complexity reduction is offered by proposed simulation scheme, while nearly 1.9dB coding gain is obtained with soft-output decoding on AWGN channel.
The model of teaching future interpreters consecutive scientific and technical interpreting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Introduction. The functional feature of teaching competence approach is an orientation on a result, its achievement depends on the formation efficiency of translation competence and its components to be formed before teaching consecutive interpreting. Purpose. The article deals with the model of teaching 4-th year students of foreign languages’ faculties consecutive scientific and technical interpreting and the ability of its realization in terms of the discipline “Bilingual interpreting”. Methods. Course books and educational teaching materials have been analyzed in order to estimate peculiarities of different models of teaching interpreting created by researchers. The principles, the model is based on, have been defined and analyzed: principle of intersubject coordination, consistency principle, authenticity principle of learning materials, principle of students’ autonomy. The author describes the ways of realization specified principles in the model of teaching to assure studying process effectiveness. The object, aim and subjects of consecutive scientific and technical interpreting education process, amount of class hours and students’ individual work have been estimated. Results. Stages of realization of educational process organization in terms of creditmodular system have been grounded. Structure of educational module and advantages of suggested division of audiovisual samples for consecutive interpreting have been analyzed. Perspectives of further research in this direction are described.
Testing for Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Disclosing Results Across the Disease Continuum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three pathologic processes are characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD): β-amyloid, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neurodegeneration. Our understanding of AD is undergoing a transformation due to our ability to measure biomarkers of these processes across different stages of cognitive impairment. There is growing interest in using AD biomarker tests in care and research and, with this, a growing need for guidance on how to return these sensitive results to patients and participants. Here, we propose a 5-step approach informed by clinical and research experience designing and implementing AD biomarker disclosure processes, extant evidence describing how individuals react to AD biomarker information, ethics, law, and the literature on breaking bad news. The clinician should (1) determine the appropriateness of AD biomarker testing and return of results for the particular patient or research participant. If testing is appropriate, the next steps are to (2) provide pretest education and seek consent for testing from the individual and their support person, (3) administer testing, (4) return the results to the individual and their support person, and (5) follow-up to promote the recipient's well-being.
Sparse Visual-Inertial Measurement Units Placement for Gait Kinematics Assessment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the possibility of estimating lower-limb joint kinematics and meaningful performance indexes for physiotherapists, during gait on a treadmill based on data collected from a sparse placement of new Visual Inertial Measurement Units (VIMU) and the use of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The proposed EKF takes advantage of the biomechanics of the human body and of the investigated task to reduce sensor inaccuracies. Two state-vector formulations, one based on the use of constant acceleration model and one based on Fourier series, and the tuning of their corresponding parameters were analyzed. The constant acceleration model, due to its inherent inconsistency for human motion, required a cumbersome optimisation process and needed the a-priori knowledge of reference joint trajectories for EKF parameters tuning. On the other hand, the Fourier series formulation could be used without a specific parameters tuning process. In both cases, the average root mean square difference and correlation coefficient between the estimated joint angles and those reconstructed with a reference stereophotogrammetric system was 3.5deg and 0.70, respectively. Moreover, the stride lengths were estimated with a normalized root mean square difference inferior to 2% when using the forward kinematics model receiving as input the estimated joint angles. The popular gait deviation index was also estimated and showed similar results very close to 100, using both the proposed method and the reference stereophotogrammetric system. Such consistency was obtained using only three wireless and affordable VIMU located at the pelvis and both heels and tracked using two affordable RGB cameras. Being further easy-to-use and suitable for applications taking place outside of the laboratory, the proposed method thus represents a good compromise between accurate reference stereophotogrammetric systems and markerless ones for which accuracy is still under debate.