jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of a possible nucleotide binding site in CheW, a protein required for sensory transduction in bacterial chemotaxis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CheW is an essential component of the system which mediates chemotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Here we report the nucleotide sequence of the cheW gene as well as the purification and characterization of the CheW protein. The DNA sequence predicts a protein of 18,000 molecular weight. The pure protein exhibits an apparent molecular weight of 18,000 during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular sieve chromatography under nondenaturing conditions indicates a molecular weight of approximately 35,000, however. This result suggests that CheW is a homodimer. The predicted amino acid sequence between Thr-128 and Asp-160 fits a consensus exhibited by many proteins which bind purine nucleotides.
Child Sexual Abuse - An Area of Emerging Concern

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The subject of child sexual abuse is taboo in India. There is a conspiracy of silence. Large percentage of people feel this is a western problem. Part of the reason of course lies in a traditional conservative family and community structure that does not talk about sex and sexuality at all. In May 2012, India's parliament took a major step by passing the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. Under the law, all forms of child sexual abuse are now specific criminal offenses for the first time in India. Language: en
Affability of Supervisory Communication Skills on Research Process Completion for Postgraduate Students: A Case of Northern Zone Universities, Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the contribution of communication skills employed by research supervisors in enhancing the research process completion for postgraduate students in universities of the Northern zone of Tanzania. Guided by Katz's theory, developed by Robert Katz in 1955, the study employed a convergent design using the mixed-methods approach. The target population was 6 Directors of postgraduate studies, 14 heads of departments, 175 supervisors, 390 PhD continuing students, 635 masters continuing students, 84 PhD alumni, and 150 masters alumni, equivalent to 1454. The study sampled 214 respondents using probability and non-probability techniques. Questionnaires and interview guides used to collect data were validated by three research experts from the Faculty of Education at MWECAU. The Cronbach Alpha method and peer debriefing were employed to determine the reliability of questionnaires and interview guides, respectively. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics presented in tables, while qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and organized into themes and presented in the narrations and quotations. The findings revealed that research supervisors, through various forms of communication skills, enhanced the completion of postgraduate students' research process by providing immediate research feedback and organizing and conducting supervisory meetings. The study also revealed that some supervisors use polite language to communicate with postgraduate students on research matters and clarify complex concepts regarding students' research. The study concluded that though some supervisors did not give feedback immediately and some students ignored supervisors' corrections and were destructed by job responsibilities, communication skills employed by research supervisors have a good contribution in enhancing the completion of postgraduate students' research process. The study recommended that university administration should continuously strive to enhance student support in achieving their academic goals.
Differential Item Functioning Analysis for Accommodated Versus Nonaccommodated Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The No Child Left Behind act resulted in an increased reliance on large-scale standardized tests to assess the progress of individual students as well as schools. In addition, emphasis was placed on including all students in the testing programs as well as those with disabilities. As a result, the role of testing accommodations has become more central in discussions about test fairness and accessibility as well as evidence of validity. This study seeks to examine whether there exists differential item functioning for math and language items between special education examinees receiving accommodations and those not receiving accommodations.
Selective laser sintering of glass-ceramic bonds using a defocused Nd:YAG laser

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Protecting miniature implantable electronics may require mm scale hermetic packages. Glass-ceramic bonding by selective laser sintering of glass sealing paste using a defocused Nd:YAG laser is presented. Glass sealing paste (FX11-036, Ferro) is screen printed onto alumina ceramic, clamped in contact with borosilicate glass, and laser treated while heating to 250°C. With the addition of defocusing and a heat source the glass paste reflowed and wetted both the alumina and coverslip surfaces, with an optimal effect between 10 mm and 15 mm defocusing. This method is promising to create electrically non-conductive hermetic seals at the mm scale.
The Columbia Gardens Amusement Park: Company Sponsored Community in Butte, Montana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1899, William A. Clark, one of Butte, Montana’s famous “Copper Kings,” purchased 21 acres of land east of Butte, on which he created the Columbia Gardens amusement park. Clark ran his park at personal expense, refusing to charge admission and regularly offering special deals so that Butte residents, particularly children, could enjoy the park. After Clark’s death in 1925, his estate sold most of his Montana holdings, including the Columbia Gardens, to the Anaconda Copper Mining Company in 1928. Without the sentimental attachment to the park that Clark had had, the fact that the Columbia Gardens was not created or operated to turn a profit seemed to argue for the company closing it down. Yet the Anaconda Company continued to operate the park until 1973. Company executives did so not out of a sense of obligation to Clark or the people of Butte, but because they saw in it an opportunity to enact a program of welfare capitalism to promote a community ideal in which Butte workers believed that their interests overlapped with the interests of the company. That welfare capitalist program was largely successful until the Anaconda Company decided to close the park for good in 1973 to expand open pit mining into the area. Letters to the editor published in the Butte daily newspaper after the decision to close the park was announced, and the books and films created after the closing to commemorate the park, illustrate the emotional connection the people of Butte had to the park, their acknowledgement of Anaconda’s critical role in sustaining Butte and giving it its identity, and how the closing of the park symbolized the company’s steady and inexorable destruction of the community.
Clinical Reasoning in Dentistry: A Conceptual Framework for Dental Education

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study presents a conceptual framework for clinical reasoning by dental students. Using a think‐aloud method with six vignettes, the researchers interviewed eighteen dental students from two stages of training about oral health‐related problems influenced by biopsychosocial factors. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were analyzed to identify the processes and strategies of clinical reasoning used by the students to produce treatment plans. The process included 1) rituals to collect information; 2) forward and backward reasoning to generate and test clinical hypotheses; 3) pattern recognition from integrated scripts of knowledge and experience; and 4) decision trees to assess options and outcomes. The process was supplemented by scientific, conditional, collaborative, narrative, ethical, pragmatic, and part‐whole reasoning strategies. Senior students showed a keen awareness of the contextual determinants of care and emphasized patients’ motivations for treatment. In contrast, junior students focused more on problems associated with individual teeth as they struggled to integrate the information within each vignette. In this article, the processes and strategies for reasoning used by both groups of dental students are abstracted and then illustrated by a model of clinical reasoning that accommodates the complicated contexts in which clinical problems usually arise.
Religious Education Influencing Students' Attitudes: A Threat to Freedom?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article summarizes research completed under the supervision of Professor Robert Jackson. It describes the methodology used, inspired by the interpretive approach, and the Estonian research findings of the REDCo research project (Religion in Education: A contribution to Dialogue or a factor of Conflict in transforming societies of European Countries?). The study explored the attitudes of 14–16-year-old Estonian students to religious diversity and the role of the school in promoting dialogue and tolerance among representatives of different worldviews. The study reveals that experience of religious education may contribute to more open attitudes among students, both with religious and secular worldviews. Grounded in the findings of the empirical studies, policies for strengthening tolerance are discussed. It argues that, together with knowledge about religions, a reflexive approach, and contacts with representatives of different worldviews and religions are needed for the promotion of tolerance.
IMPLEMENTASI DAKWAH RASULULLAH DALAM ERA MILENIUM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Humans as subjects and objects of law cannot live and carry out lawsuits. But instead, humans are bound by a rule that applies in the midst of their lives as citizens in their environment. For this reason, awareness is needed in understanding and obey the rules that apply. But social and cultural changes that occur continuously sometimes bring hope as well as concern. Hope, because change will bring better conditions, and fears will come if the future is worse than the present. The development of science and technology that should have raised hopes and reduced concerns are now also marked by the confrontation of scientists and scholars, namely the separation between the world and the hereafter, making it difficult to control human attitudes as the excesses of the emptiness of the soul. Helping the general public requires the ability to wage jihad in the field of da'wah. The insistent pressure in the Prophet's preaching in Mecca then inspired the Prophet to emigrate and temporarily exit from Mecca to Medina. The original name of the city was Yastrib. This Prophet's strategy turned out to be very telling and presented a golden journey in the history of da'wah and the formation of society. With all the intelligence and attitudes of the Prophet Muhammad, when in Medina not only can spread in the sense of tabli but more than that the Prophet Together the community can build a model of a modern social system even too modern in its time. Helping the general public requires the ability to wage jihad in the field of da'wah. The insistent pressure in the Prophet's preaching in Mecca then inspired the Prophet to emigrate and temporarily exit from Mecca to Medina. The original name of the city was Yastrib. This Prophet's strategy turned out to be very telling and presented a golden journey in the history of da'wah and the formation of society. With all the intelligence and attitudes of the Prophet Muhammad, when in Medina not only can spread in the sense of tabli but more than that the Prophet Together the community can build a model of a modern social system even too modern in its time
Supplementary Material for: Resveratrol Ameliorates Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Liver Through a SIRT1/ ATF6-Dependent Mechanism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background/Aims: Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids during times of energy excess, and an increased accumulation of LDs in the liver is closely linked to hepatic steatosis. Our previous studies suggested that resveratrol (RSV) supplement could improve hepatic steatosis, but the underlying mechanism, particularly which related to LD accumulation, has not yet been elucidated. Methods: A high-fat diet (HFD) and palmitic acid were used to induce hepatic steatosis in mouse liver and hepatocytes, respectively. The effects of RSV on LD accumulation were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. The effects of RSV on the expression levels of LD-associated genes (ATF6, Fsp27β/CIDEC, CREBH, and PLIN1) were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot assays, followed by KD or overexpression of SIRT1 and ATF6 with small interfering RNAs or overexpressed plasmids, respectively. The dual luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, coimmunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assay were utilized to clarify the mechanism of transcriptional regulation and possible interaction between SIRT1 and ATF6. Results: There was a significant increase in the accumulation of LDs in liver and hepatocytes during the process of HFD-induced steatosis, respectively, which was significantly inhibited by RSV supplementation. RSV notably activated SIRT1 expression and decreased the expression levels of ATF6, Fsp27β/CIDEC, CREBH, and PLIN1, which are associated with LD accumulation. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of RSV on LD accumulation and the associated expression of genes in hepatocytes were abrogated or strengthened with SIRT1 silencing or overexpression, respectively. On the contrary, the benefits of RSV in hepatocytes were eliminated or aggravated when transfected with the overexpressed ATF6 or ATF6 siRNA, respectively. Furthermore, we found that RSV stimulated SIRT1 expression significantly, which was followed by increased deacetylation and inactivation of ATF6, resulting in a positive feedback loop for SIRT1 transcription associated with ATF6 binding to the SIRT1 promoter region. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that RSV supplementation improves hepatic steatosis by ameliorating the accumulation of LDs, and this might be partially mediated by a SIRT1/ATF6-dependent mechanism.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The sustainable construction of carbon–carbon bonds or carbon–heteroatom bonds is critical for future green chemical synthesis. Cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions have thus been widely developed as one of the most sustainable and efficient synthetic strategies for such a philosophy. A number of obvious merits of iron catalysts make this reaction model more potential for industrial production and manufacturing applications. Iron‐catalyzed CDC reactions have emerged as a greener strategy for the direct formation of CC and C–heteroatom bonds from easily available compounds. The use of simple, low toxicity, and cheap iron‐based catalysts meets the criteria for the basis of chemical synthesis compared to those high price, toxic, and precious metal catalysts. In this article, we present the development of iron‐catalyzed CDC reactions by some selected results.
High-frequency seismic wave propagation within the heterogeneous crust: effects of seismic scattering and intrinsic attenuation on ground motion modelling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

For practical modelling of high-frequency (>1 Hz) seismic wave propagation, we analysed the apparent radiation patterns and attenuations of P and S waves using observed Hi-net velocity seismograms for small-to-moderate crustal earthquakes in the Chugoku region, southwestern Japan. By comparing observed and simulated seismograms, we estimated practical parameter sets of crustal small-scale velocity heterogeneity and intrinsic attenuations of P and S waves (QP.int−1 and QS.int−1). Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation were conducted via the finite-difference method using a 1-D crustal velocity structure model with additional 3-D small-scale velocity heterogeneity and intrinsic attenuation. The estimated crustal small-scale velocity heterogeneity is stochastically characterized by an exponential-type power spectral density function with correlation length of 1 km and root-mean-square value of 0.03. Estimated QP.int−1 and QS.int−1 values range from 10−2.6 to 10−2.0 and 10−2.8 to 10−2.4, respectively, indicating QP.int−1 > QS.int−1 for high frequencies (>1 Hz). Intrinsic attenuation dominates over scattering attenuation, which is caused by small-scale velocity heterogeneity. The crustal parameters obtained in this study are useful for evaluating peak ground velocities and coda envelopes for moderate crustal earthquakes via physical-based simulations using a 3-D heterogeneous structure model.
Additional diagnostic features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma on cytology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our article, we report additional cytolorphologic features of MASC. In addition to vacuolated cells/histiocytoid cells and colloid‐like material in the background we noticed nuclear membrane irregularities, nuclear grooving, and hyalinized tissue fragments in the cell block. These additional features can serve as important diagnostic clues in making a diagnosis of MASC on cytology.
Educated for Freedom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The powerful story of two young men who changed the national debate about slavery In the 1820s, few Americans could imagine a viable future for black children. Even abolitionists saw just two options for African American youth: permanent subjection or exile. Educated for Freedom tells the story of James McCune Smith and Henry Highland Garnet, two black children who came of age and into freedom as their country struggled to grow from a slave nation into a free country. Smith and Garnet met as schoolboys at the Mulberry Street New York African Free School, an educational experiment created by founding fathers who believed in freedom's power to transform the country. Smith and Garnet's achievements were near-miraculous in a nation that refused to acknowledge black talent or potential. The sons of enslaved mothers, these schoolboy friends would go on to travel the world, meet Revolutionary War heroes, publish in medical journals, address Congress, and speak before cheering crowds of thousands. The lessons they took from their days at the New York African Free School #2 shed light on how antebellum Americans viewed black children as symbols of America's possible future. The story of their lives, their work, and their friendship testifies to the imagination and activism of the free black community that shaped the national journey toward freedom.
REVIEWS The Theatre of Albert Camus: a critical study. By FREEMANE.. London: Methuen. 1971. 178 pp. £2.30.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

REVIEWS Get access The Theatre of Albert Camus: a critical study. By E. FREEMAN. London: Methuen. 1971. 178 pp. £2.30. I. H. WALKER I. H. WALKER EDINBURGH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXIX, Issue 3, July 1975, Pages 359–360, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXIX.3.359 Published: 01 July 1975
Open and structured assessment in addressing hospitalized cancer-related problems: The perception of patients and nurses in Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose Although the concept of ‘cancer-related problems’ is complex, few studies compare nurses’ and caregivers’ perspectives on cancer-related problems, particularly in eastern cultures. The study aimed to identify the perceptions of patients and nurses concerning to what extent the problems of patients with cancer were assessed and addressed during hospitalization in Indonesia.Method A descriptive correlational study with cross-sectional comparisons was conducted in three major cities in Indonesia. With a convenience sample of 119 patients (response rate = 79.3%) with cancer and 147 nurses (response rate = 71%). The domains of validated Problems and Needs of Palliative Care – short version were used to measure the perceptions of the patients and nurses regarding the assessing and addressing of patients’ problems.Results The patients stated that their physical and psychological problems were very often assessed (>84%) and addressed (>90%). Patients who reported difficulties spontaneously had a lower prevalence of problems than patients who reported problems to a professional, except for the psychological subscale (P-value 0.05). The open assessment reported that the problems exhibited lower frequency than structure assessment, while nurses addressed all sub-scale problems (P-value < 0.005). Patients’ educational status, age, gender, and time of diagnosis had positive correlations with their perceptions of cancer-related problems, which they voluntarily stated.Conclusion These findings indicate essential similarities and incongruities between patients with cancer and nurses perceive cancer-related problems. The results highlight the complex technical directions of cancer nursing care in Indonesia.
Document categorization using Machine learning techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to gain information from huge amount of text more efficiently and accurately, readers may use a system which can automatically categorize input text files and generate summary for each categories. The more precise outcomes from the system, the more less time spending on searching of reading . In this project, implementing Machine Learning technique – Naïve Bayes learning algorithm--on text classification and generating an extractive summary for each categories are two main functions. Relative research works on Machine Learning and Text Mining are exhibited in details. The experiment results are presented and discussed. Aim to achieving better performance on text mining, future works are also introduced.
Capacity Control of Social Media Diffusion for Real-Time Analysis System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Twitter-like services, countless messages are being posted in real-time every second all around the world. Timely knowledge about what kinds of information are diffusing in social media is quite important. For example, in emergency situations such as earthquakes, users provide instant information on their situation through social media. The collective intelligence of social media is useful as a means of information detection complementary to conventional observation. We have developed a system for monitoring and analyzing information diffusion data in real-time by tracking retweeted tweets. A tweet retweeted by many users indicates that they find the content interesting and impactful. Analysts who use this system can find tweets retweeted by many users and identify the key people who are retweeted frequently by many users or who have retweeted tweets about particular topics. However, bursting situations occur when thousands of social media messages are suddenly posted simultaneously, and the lack of machine resources to handle such situations lowers the system's query performance. Since our system is designed to be used interactively in real-time by many analysts, waiting more than one second for a query results is simply not acceptable. To maintain an acceptable query performance, we propose a capacity control method for filtering incoming tweets using extra attribute information from tweets themselves. Conventionally, there is a trade-off between the query performance and the accuracy of the analysis results. We show that the query performance is improved by our proposed method and that our method is better than the existing methods in terms of maintaining query accuracy.