jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Course Supervision Challenges in PhD Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A large portion of the PhD education in Sweden is dedicated to courses. This made it interesting to explore potential course supervision challenges in the PhD programme. A multiple-case study was conducted to identify such challenges and explore how these are perceived by students and supervisors at the Faculty of Engineering of Lund University. By interviewing students and supervisors in five different research groups, insights were gained into how the main stakeholders reason about courses. The findings indicate that courses that are to be included in the education are characterized by a large degree of freedom tailored to individual student needs and preferences. However, the type, timing, availability, value, and convalidation of courses are challenges that limit this freedom.
The impact of changes in statutory grain rates and rail branch line configuration on farm size in Manitoba

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Western Canadian grain producers have benefitted from low rail rates established originally by the Crowsnest Pass Agreement of 1897. These rates have reduced one element of their production costs and increased farm income. However, it has been argued that this effect has been offset by reduced railway service; the railways have been reluctant to make large-scale improvements in their grain handling systems due to the high revenue losses associated with export grain movement... A possible solution to counter this very serious situation is replacement of the current statutory freight rates with compensatory rates which reflect the actual costs involved in transporting export grain by rail. The general objective of this study was to determine the impacts of replacement of statutory freight rates on export grain with compensatory raes and branch line rationalization on the structure of farm size in Manitoba, with special reference to small farms... Several components were incorporated into the study framework to formulate the data base for the linear programming model used to conduct the final analysis... The specific findings of this study are outlined as follows: 1. The greatest impact on the value of production of small farms was the removal of the minimum production requirements for small farms. .. On this basis,a large proportion of the total production of each commodity was allocated to large farm sizes. 2. Replacement of statutory freight rates with compensatory rates and branch line rationalization decreased the gross value of production and net farm income levels on all farm sizes. The burden of increased transportation costs enhanced the trend towards increased farm size. 3. There was a large potential for increased production of oilseeds, special crops, and livestock to offset a large proportion of the value of production and income losses generated by the increased transportation costs. Shadow prices for these commodities indicated strong profit potentials for expanded production. 4. Expanded interregional trade of intermediate commodities such as feed grains, stocker cattle, and weanling pigs, between crop districts had the potential to increase production levels by permitting districts to make fuller use of their comparative advantage. ...
Manufacturing Technology for Nonautoclave Fabrication of Composite Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This program established and demonstrated a generic curing technique for 177 C (350 F) organic matrix composite structure which does not require use of an autoclave and which can be used to produce composite primary and secondary aircraft structure. This was accomplished by the fabrication of elements, a subcomponent, and a full-scale component representative of low-cost bomber wing and empennage primary structure, as well as the tracking of production costs, assessment of quality for all fabricated hardware, and preparation of preliminary and final material and process specifications. Keywords: Graphite/ epoxy; Nonautoclave process; Load coupler; Stub box; CAP box; Wing boxes; Vertical stabilizer; Moisture chamber; Volatile formation; Airframes; Beams(Structural); and Composite structures.
[Poly-epiphyseal dysplasia, probably autosomal recessive. Contribution of the ultrastructural study to the discovery of this autonomous form].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An ultrastructural study of growth cartilage permitted individualization of a particular form of polyepiphyseal dysplasia which differs clinically and radiologically only slightly from the dominant form. The main difference concerns the superior femoral epiphyses which are more flattened and spread out. Inclusions, probably of lysosomial origin and containing granulous or filamentous material, were observed. This aspect is different from that observed in the dominant form and consisting of swellings of the endoplasmic reticulum with a suggestion of a periodical structure. The mode of inheritance could not be firmly demonstrated. Some degree of consanguinity of the second patient's parents favours an autosomal recessive inheritance.
The pressure-volume function of brain elasticity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

✓ The intracranial pressure-volume function as determined by brain elasticity is reported in normal dogs. Rapid subarachnoid infusions clearly define an exponential relationship between pressure and volume. An aliquot technique to measure elastance (dP/dV) at multiple intracranial pressures demonstrates a linear relationship between elastance and pressure. This follows mathematically from the exponential nature of the basic pressure-volume function. The clinical significance of brain elastance measurements is discussed. It is emphasized that the effects of pressure on CSF dynamics are superimposed on the pressure-volume function of brain elasticity and probably account for the process of spatial compensation for an expanding mass lesion. It is not apparent that elastance measurements can serve as indicators of impending decompensation, since the pressure-volume function of brain elasticity provides no direct information about CSF dynamics. Accordingly, the clinical usefulness of elastance measurements is seriously questioned.
Husbandry practices and mitigation of human-carnivore conflicts : a case of the Maasai Steppe, Tanzania.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biodiversity losses are often influenced by humans due to increased demand over natural resources and retaliatory killing of wildlife as a result of human–wildlife conflicts. Large carnivores are in decline globally due to the current human–carnivore conflicts. This study was conducted in the Maasai steppe of northern Tanzania to understand the role of traditional husbandry techniques in reducing livestock predation, herding challenges that place livestock at risk for predation, willingness of pastoralists to participate in schemes for livestock security improvement, and the role of Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) in mitigating human–carnivore conflicts. Data were collected using interviews with individuals in households and with herders in grazing fields and were reinforced with field observations. The primary husbandry strategies for livestock protection in homesteads were the bomas where livestock were enclosed at night, while in the grazing fields the strategies included: splitting livestock herds, herder among livestock, herder carrying weapons, and noise. There was no significant correlation between the wealth of an individual and the type of livestock protection strategy used at homesteads. All traditional strategies used by pastoral communities were equally ineffective in preventing livestock predation both at homesteads and in the grazing fields. However, over a four year period, there were no successful predations in any boma reinforced with chain-links, suggesting that reinforcing bomas with studier materials such as chain-link can be effective against livestock predation. Grazing in groups was found to provide more effective livestock protection in the grazing fields than any other strategy. While losing livestock by herders in the grazing fields contributed most to increased livestock predation, other herding challenges exposing livestock to predation included the seasonal nomadic lifestyle and long distances travelled by pastoral communities. The majority of respondents (91%) were willing to improve their livestock security by the use of chain-link fences at homesteads, while 87% were willing to participate in an insurance scheme for livestock security. Neither experience of livestock attack nor level of awareness of insurance scheme influenced willingness to participate in the scheme. There is growing awareness among pastoral communities of the benefits provided by carnivores and wildlife at large. Therefore, major conservation agencies such as TANAPA, Wildlife Division (WD) and other stakeholders should focus more than they have been on addressing the \nactual conflicts i.e. human–carnivore conflicts and helping to improve husbandry practices against predation to achieve conservation objectives by reducing retaliatory killing of carnivores.
Fuzzy Logic in Traffic Engineering: A Review on Signal Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since 1965 when the fuzzy logic and fuzzy algebra were introduced by Lotfi Zadeh, the fuzzy theory successfully found its applications in the wide range of subject fields. This is mainly due to its ability to process various data, including vague or uncertain data, and provide results that are suitable for the decision making. This paper aims to provide comprehensive overview of literature on fuzzy control systems used for the management of the road traffic flow at road junctions. Several theoretical approaches from basic fuzzy models from the late 1970s to most recent combinations of real-time data with fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithms are mentioned and discussed throughout the paper. In most cases, fuzzy logic controllers provide considerable improvements in the efficiency of traffic junctions’ management.
Religion and Human Rights: A Personal Testament

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The subject of religion and human rights is something in which I have more than academic or professional interest. It is true I have invested considerable time and energy to the question throughout my scholarly life. In recent years, I have paid special attention to the more practical aspects—namely, the degree to which states and other actors have actually complied with the standards of religious freedom and equality enshrined in the international human rights documents. At the same time, I have come to see that my efforts in this area are not “value-free;” in fact, they express a deeper worldview that, for better or worse, I hold and am pleased to avow. In this article I attempt to lay out the sources and features of that worldview.As it happens, I am a committed Presbyterian layman, and have served at various times as an officer in that church. That means I stand in what is known as the “Reformed” tradition of Protestant Christianity, which stems from the sixteenth-century French theologian and religious leader, John Calvin (1509-1564). Calvin's general approach is summarized by the motto, ecclesia reformata semper reformanda—”the church reformed, ever reforming.” Those words signal Calvin's strong concern for church life and organization, both as an expression of Christian commitment, and as a model for social and political life. Moreover, the motto implies Calvin's characteristic emphasis on the obligation of Christians to act out their beliefs in institutional and practical ways.
Internal surface protection of gas turbine blade by Si‐aluminide coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A laboratory‐scale slurry silicoaluminizing process has been developed to apply coating into cooling passageways of a first‐stage gas turbine blade. Analytical techniques for characterizing the coatings comprised optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results of metallographic examinations demonstrated that acceptable coatings had been formed in almost all of the passageways. The amounts of Al and Si in the topcoat were found to be in the ranges of 24–26 wt% and 4.5–6 wt%, respectively. The heat treated coating consisted largely of β‐NiAl phase as the coating matrix with uniform distribution of <2 µm‐size precipitates. In addition, oxidation and hot corrosion performance of the coatings were investigated by cyclic exposure to 1100 °C and the furnace method using a mixture of sodium sulfate‐40 wt% sodium vanadate‐10 wt% sodium chloride at 780 °C, respectively. It was found that the presence of Si in the coating improves both oxidation and hot corrosion Type II properties.
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 3% of all human tumors. Alterations of oxygen, lipids, iron, and energy metabolism are involved in carcinogenesis, development, and expansion. Thirty percent of patients affected by clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) will develop relapses or distance metastases (mRCC), dramatically reducing their life expectancy. Current first-line therapies for mRCC patients are based on treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone and in combination with each other or with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, only 20% of patients show a mild response because of innate or acquired drug resistance during long-term treatment; therefore, resistant patients need alternative first-line or second-line therapies. Pharmacological resistance represents a big problem that counteracts the efficacy of treatment by reducing overall survival (OS) in mRCC patients. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance is crucial to overcoming drug insensitivity and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we emphasize the latest and most significant studies on the molecular mechanisms that drive drug resistance in ccRCC carcinoma. Particular attention is given to the key signaling pathways involved in resistance, including those mediated by HIF, p53, Akt-mTOR, MEK–ERK cascades, Wnt signaling, autophagy, membrane transporters, ferroptosis, and non-coding RNAs. Understanding these resistance mechanisms is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies aimed to enhancing overall OS and improving the quality of life for mRCC patients. This review also discusses recent clinical trial findings on the use of specific inhibitors able to circumvent drug resistance. The data presented here could be valuable for clinicians in understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance, ultimately aiding in the management of ccRCC patients.
Dyslexia and Eye Movements

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The mean saccadic reaction time (SRT) of a group of dyslexic children was compared to the SRT of a group of normal children and to another group of normal adults. The mean SRT of the dyslexic group was significantly longer than that of the other two groups. The saccades of the dyslexic group had a shorter SRT when they were directed towards the right than when they were directed towards the left. For the other two groups the converse was true. There were no qualitative or quantitative differences between the optokinetically-evoked nystagmus of dyslexic children and that of normal adults.
Effective Specific Impulse of a Pulsed Rocket Engine

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The specific impulse achieved in a pulsed rocket engine augmented with a fissioning nuclear bomb could be greater than that of any continuous flow engine. To a certain extent, this increase in specific impulse would be obtained at the expense of motor weight and average thrust. This paper considers the first of these limitations, motor weight, and estimates the highest effective specific impulse to be expected from a nuclear-pulsed rocket motor with respect to the weight of the motor.
Transformational Leadership in Education: Impacts and Practices Toward Enhancing School Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study addresses the persistent issue of improving educational leadership to enhance teacher effectiveness and student outcomes in various institutional settings. Despite the growing interest in transformational and distributed leadership styles, empirical data regarding their practical effects in various educational contexts, particularly in the Philippines, remains limited. The findings demonstrate that the adoption of transformational tactics by educational leaders—such as individualized support and a shared vision—enhanced teacher motivation and cultivated a collaborative school culture. This paper conducts a comprehensive literature review of domestic and international studies to analyze the influence of transformational leadership—characterized by vision articulation, inspirational motivation, individualized support, and collaborative culture—on institutional development, teacher motivation, and student achievement. The findings demonstrate that the adoption of transformational tactics by educational leaders—such as individualized support and a shared vision—enhanced teacher motivation and cultivated a collaborative school culture. It also underscores distributed leadership as an ancillary approach that fosters collaborative decision-making and trust. Key effective strategies include cultivating a clear shared vision, enabling ongoing professional development, integrating digital leadership competencies, and encouraging innovation. Despite these advantages, challenges such as governmental constraints, cultural dynamics, and resistance to change remain significant obstacles. The findings support targeted leadership training and contextually appropriate application to improve the competencies of school leaders. The study emphasizes the imperative for politicians and educational institutions to promote hybrid leadership models that amalgamate transformational and distributed approaches tailored to local circumstances, leverage digital resources, and encourage continuous professional growth. Future empirical investigations are advised to validate these strategies across various educational settings, enabling more adaptable and efficient leadership that addresses contemporary challenges and fosters sustained academic success.
Morphology and phylogenetics of two holoparasitic plants, Balanophora japonica and Balanophora yakushimensis (Balanophoraceae), and their hosts in Taiwan and Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Balanophora japonica and B. yakushimensis are two putatively agamospermic taxa previously reported from southern Japan. Their inflorescences superficially represent those of B. laxiflora and B. fungosa. In this study we confirmed their presence in Taiwan by morphological and phylogenetic analysis using nuclear 18S rDNA and nrITS sequences with related taxa. B. japonica, B. yaku- shimensis, and B. laxiflora formed a well-supported clade that is distinct from other Balanophora. All three taxa also show considerable differences on morphological and nucleotide sequence differences, therefore the name of B. yakushimensis is retained. The results provide new insights on the intrageneric classification of Balanophora and suggest the positioning of female flowers should be down-weighted. We also successfully identify the hosts of B. japonica and B. yakushimensis by amplifying chloro- plast matK sequences from the connected root tissues. The results showed that B. japonica parasitizes on Symplocos species, and that B. yakushimensis parasitizes on Distylium racemosum in Japan and Schima superba in Taiwan's population.
OpenCV image stitching analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer vision software has been widely used in the area of Photography creating an amazing effect. One of the tools that has been developed and widely used in the digital camera is the panoramic image, where multiple images are “stitched” together. In this project, the analysis was carried out on the open source library OpenCV and two of its feature detectors ORB and AKAZE. Three programs were built or updated from the old version of OpenCV to the newer version to carry out the experiments. One is the ABS-DIFF program which calculated the absolute difference between two images. The program is used to measure the difference between the original image and the “stitch” image. The second draw matches program was also developed to highlight the “matched” points when we stitch two images together. This program helps us to understand the stitching software better as it shows the matching points of the reference and target image side by side. The third program is an image stitcher which was modified and updated from an old version to verify the stitching process and runtime. A number of experiments were carried out to compare ORB and AKAZE. It is concluded that ORB has a better performance in terms of computation time requirement and AKAZE has better performance in the cumulative absolute difference value.
Performing the “People's Palace”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the production of space through musical performance at the Chicago Cultural Center. Concerts at the Cultural Center produce space on the scale of the building, the city of Chicago, and the world. The process of the social production of space is examined through musical performance in terms of the relation between music and place, performance practices, and aural space. An analysis of the production of space in musical performances on multiple spatial scales provides a means of moving past the common distinctions made between material space, representations of space, and social space to a more integrated understanding of social space.
Idaho Beans in Costa Rica

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Global Scholars Program (GSP), sponsored by International Business Programs matches an Idaho company or organization with 10 students from a pool of applicants to carry out an international business research project. This year, GSP students are working in cooperation with the Idaho Bean Commission and the Idaho Department of Agriculture to explore new export market opportunities for Idaho bean producers.\nUnfortunately, a drought in 2014 had a devastating impact on domestic production of red beans in Costa Rica. As a result, Costa Rica has been forced to look towards increased importation to cover shortfalls for domestic consumption. High importation taxes, strict phytosanitary requirements, and a reduction in beans available for import have all made importation difficult.\nIdaho’s current bean industry has the capacity to export beans for all of Central America and most of South America’s annual consumption. Therefore, the Idaho Bean Commission welcomed this great opportunity to collaborate with farmers, distributors, retailers and a university in Costa Rica with hopes of expanding business there. The GSP Team is participating in the BSU Undergraduate Research Conference in order to present the results of its work as presented to the Idaho Bean Commission.
All The Things You Are

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Paul Whiteman And His Orchestra; Bob Hannon Writer: Jerome Kern; Oscar Hammerstein II Fox Trot; Vocal Chorus; From Musical Production "Very Warm For May". Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5 mil truncated eliptical, 2.3 mil truncated conical, 2.8 mil truncated conical, 3.3 mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 375.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 66906A Catalog number: 2912 A Other IDs from the record include: (66906)