jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stem‐boring insects of fragmented Calamagrostis habitats: herbivore–parasitoid community structure and the unpredictability of grass shoot abundance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract.1. Communities of stem‐boring insects attacking the grass Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth were analysed from twenty‐five pure stands of C. epigeios differing in area and isolation. Insect communities comprised nine phytophagous and eighteen entomophagous species. Most abundant herbivores (attacking > 1% of all shoots) were Tetramesa eximia (Giraud) (Hym. Eurytomidae), Eurytoma sp. (Hym. Eurytomidae), Lasioptera calamagrostidis (Rübs.) (Dipt. Cecidomyiidae), and Eriopeltis sp. (Hom. Pseudococcidae). About 28% of the twenty‐seven species were monophagous, 61% oligophagous (restricted to Poaceae), and 11% polyphagous. Although herbivores generally attacked thick shoots, species‐specific differences in the attacked mean diameter were found.2. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the relative effects of area, isolation and unpredictability of available food resources on the abundance of herbivores, parasitoids and resulting tritrophic effects. Variability of shoot abundance varied greatly between years, and even more between habitats within the same year. On average, shoot density per habitat increased or decreased 2.4‐fold between succeeding years.3. Variability of grass shoot abundance was not related to habitat characteristics such as area, isolation, biomass, shoot density, changes in area or shoot density between years, or shoot features like internode number or diameter, but was negatively influenced by shading of trees. Similarly, habitat area or isolation did not correlate with other habitat features.4. Grass shoot abundance was the most important predictor of species abundance and attack rate of herbivores. In contrast to expectations, area and isolation of habitats did not explain differences in species richness, and only influenced abundance of three species. In addition, even the experimental removal of all grass shoots (and thereby, of all stem‐boring insects) from five habitats in winter did not negatively influence colonization the following year. These results suggest a surprisingly high mobility of this rather specialized community of stem‐boring insects that appeared to superimpose on area and isolation effects. Unpredictability of grass shoot abundance was presumably the main selection pressure for the obviously high dispersal abilities of the Calamagrostis insects.5. Per cent parasitism was mainly influenced by the percentage of attacked shoots. Parasitism of T. eximia by its major parasitoid also correlated with habitat connectivity, emphasizing the hypothesis that a continuum of habitats should be particularly favourable for the third trophic level.
Digitalization of Islamic business: A narrative review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

IntroductionDigitalization is an inevitable aspect of modern businesses. Without digitalization, businesses face challenges in the current era of Industry 4.0. However, studies regarding digitalization in Islamic or Sharia businesses are still limited.ObjectivesThis study intends to discuss digitalization in Islamic business, specifically in the Indonesian context. MethodThe method used in this study is a narrative review that analyzes literature related to Islamic business. A narrative review is used to provide a basic overview of the significance of digitalization in Islamic businesses.ResultsThe results show that digitalization can provide many benefits for businesses, including Islamic businesses. Islamic banks are one part of Islamic business, which is the first to digitize. Stakeholder support in Indonesia for the digitalization of Islamic businesses is adequate. ImplicationsIslamic businesses should begin digitalizing to maintain sustainability. Islamic business can emulate how Islamic banks have performed digitalization well.Originality/NoveltyThis study is unique in its analysis of the development of digitalization in Islamic businesses. This study is expected to spark further research in the field of Islamic business in Industry 4.0.
Symptomatic care in motor neurone disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

beneficial, since it protects against rhesus isoimmunisation.Possibly other immune processes are protective and beneficial in pregnancy.Furthermore, while the chances seem high that any immune disturbance has a primary place in the chain of events, possibly immunological processes are also implicated at some other point-for example, after tissue damage has been caused.Finally, we must remember that, as in diabetes, all cases of PET may not be caused in the same way.
Multi-view Subspace Clustering via An Adaptive Consensus Graph Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiview subspace clustering (MVSC) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years. Most existing MVSC methods first collect complementary information from different views and consequently derive a consensus reconstruction coefficient matrix to indicate the subspace structure of a multi-view data set. In this paper, we initially assume the existence of a consensus reconstruction coefficient matrix and then use it to build a consensus graph filter. In each view, the filter is employed for smoothing the data and designing a regularizer for the reconstruction coefficient matrix. Finally, the obtained reconstruction coefficient matrices from different views are used to create constraints for the consensus reconstruction coefficient matrix. Therefore, in the proposed method, the consensus reconstruction coefficient matrix, the consensus graph filter, and the reconstruction coefficient matrices from different views are interdependent. We provide an optimization algorithm to obtain their optimal values. Extensive experiments on diverse multi-view data sets demonstrate that our approach outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.
CXCL-10-Guided Dual-Drug Nanocarriers for HAM/TSP: Combining CRISPR and Corticosteroids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Corticosteroids are predominantly known for being the conventional treatment of HAM/TSP, and although they bring various side effects such as osteoporosis and hyperglycemia, they’re still the first-line treatment for HAM patients. However, with the new therapeutic implications that CRISPR serves in HIV-1 models, this indicates a potential new direction of therapeutics for HAM/TSP, as HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are both retroviruses that infect CD4+ T cells and integrate into the host genome of cells. Currently, the extent of knowledge correlated to dual-drug nanocarrier administration of corticosteroids and CRISPR is confined to theoretical applications, testing reporter gene expressions after treatment. This study aims to validate the utilization of CXCL-10-guided dual-drug nanocarrier administration (combining corticosteroids and CRISPR) to suppress and neutralize HTLV-1 proviral DNA in the host genome of cells while minimizing off-target gene editing. In present models, CRISPR MSNs and small corticosteroid-like molecules are shown to have a prominent suppression of crucial neuroinflammatory cytokines expressed in HAM/TSP, furthering the utilization of dual-drug administration for HAM patients. Future studies may involve testing CXCL-10 in real-world applications to further observe the extent to which it can distinguish between HAM/TSP and other inflammatory diseases to minimize off-target gene editing upon nanocarrier administration of CRISPR and corticosteroids.
Materiality in Shariah audit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In conducting an audit of fi nancial statements, the overall objectives of the auditor are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the fi nancial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. This will enable the auditor to express an opinion on whether the fi nancial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable fi nancial reporting framework. In addition, the auditor will provide the report in the fi nancial statements and communicate the fi ndings as required by the auditing standards.
Learning from the Experience of Foreign Countries in Promoting the Development of Logistics Industry by the Government

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In developing modern logistics,an integrated logistic development system has been created in advanced countries,especially in United States,Japan and Germany;and this system has helped gain the third profit source of comparative advantage;the experiences of these countries has attracted attention from all over world.The development of China's logistics industry lagged behind and it is now in stage of rapid development.To further promote development of modern logistics industry,based on analysis of history of development of logistics industry in advanced countries,we should learn from experiences of other advanced countries,give full play to role of government in developing logistics industry,perfect logistics related policy and regulation system,strengthen support of infrastructure,accelerate development of logistic parks,promote development of multi-model transportation,promote logistic informationization,develop logistic standard system and promote RD and application of modern logistic technology.
Exploitation of National Fitness Project in Physical Education in Middle School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes the significance, constitution and approaches of exploiting national fitness project in physical education in middle school. It states that the exploitation of national fitness project is helpful to achieve the educational goal of “people-oriented”, the traditional sports culture can be widely disseminated and effectively inherited; the cultural value of school sports can be enriched. It elaborates the national fitness project mainly consists of projects of entertainment, competition and those reflecting the festival. This paper discusses the approaches of exploiting national fitness project, such as changing the concept of education and establishing a scientific concept of sports resources, further strengthening the sorting, excavation and research of national traditional fitness project, meeting young students’ physical and mental characteristics of in the choice of content, and highlighting the national characteristics and geographical characteristics of national fitness projects. It aims to integrate the national fitness project into physical education, enrich the resources of middle school PE curriculum and promote the comprehensive development of middle school students.
The influence of amateur media sharing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p dir="ltr">In a world where so much of the human experience is documented through a camera or a smartphone, there have been a development of a completely new form of communication- a visual communication. When the accessibility of a space like the internet was not available, the amount of reach that one could get generally was only local. In the digital age, information has never been spread so easily. Within one click, you can share an image and have that photo exist on a device on the other side of the world instantly. Your whole life can be shown and experienced para-socially with someone that you have never met before, and vice versa.</p><p dir="ltr">The way that news is shared can have a significant impact on the way that it is perceived. In the case of sharing images of current events, for the longest time there has been a notably uneven ratio of professional vs amateur photo and video documentation. From the first newspaper created, up until the 20th century, news programmes typically would only have only received and broadcasted content that has been recorded by people who could afford the equipment to document such events. This was the case until digital cameras became more widely available. Throughout the late 20th century and the early 21st century, we can see a surge of amateur media being used to document world events. Through this, traditional ideas of what could be seen as a ‘credible’ source had to be challenged. The idea of needing a certain skillset to use a camera to document something became somewhat redundant, and the line between professional and amateur media sharing started to become blurred.</p><p dir="ltr">Through my research, I have concluded that humans have always had a desire to document and present themselves to others. Presenting oneself to others visually can be seen as a way of communication to try to relate to others and have others relate to you. This can, of course be done in an immediate setting like expressing yourself visually through your appearance and meeting people in real life, but what is different with this particular act of documentation is the permanence and the reach of it. One can exist in a photograph for as long as that photograph exists, and with that, the reach of this form of media becomes exponential. With the increased use of amateur photography and videography, it becomes more socially acceptable to document yourself and others visually through this form of media, which would result in an evolving culture of people using their own personal cameras to create their own video diaries, in both private and public settings.</p>
Monograph on neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Found on the Indian subcontinent, neem ( Azadirachta indica A. juss) is an evergreen valued for its medicinal and pesticidal uses. Neem is an effective preservative, as the seed extract repels insects by taste or smell and modifies their growth by inducing hormonal changes in the larval stage of various insects.
The phospholipid flippase ATP9A enhances macropinocytosis to promote nutrient starvation tolerance in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Macropinocytosis is an effective strategy to mitigate nutrient starvation. It can fuel cancer cell growth in nutrient‐limited conditions. However, whether and how macropinocytosis contributes to the rapid proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which frequently experience an inadequate nutrient supply, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nutrient starvation strongly induced macropinocytosis in some hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It allowed the cells to acquire extracellular nutrients and supported their energy supply to maintain rapid proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the phospholipid flippase ATP9A was critical for regulating macropinocytosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and that high ATP9A levels predicted a poor outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ATP9A interacted with ATP6V1A and facilitated its transport to the plasma membrane, which promoted plasma membrane cholesterol accumulation and drove RAC1‐dependent macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis inhibitors significantly suppressed the energy supply and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells characterised by high ATP9A expression under nutrient‐limited conditions. These results have revealed a novel mechanism that overcomes nutrient starvation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and have identified the key regulator of macropinocytosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Does Plasmodium falciparum have an Achilles' heel?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite that causes the most severe form of malaria. Currently, science has been established about its cellular structures, its metabolic processes, and even the molecular structures of its intrinsic membrane proteins responsible for transporting water, nutrient, and waste molecules across the parasite plasma membrane (PPM). I hypothesize that Plasmodium falciparum has an Achilles' heel that can be attacked with erythritol, the well-known sweetener that is classified as generally safe. Most organisms have in their cell membrane two types of water-channel proteins: aquaporins to maintain hydro-homeostasis across the membrane and aquaglyceroporins to uptake glycerols etc. In contrast, P. falciparum has only one type of such proteins---the multi-functional aquaglyceroporin (PfAQP) expressed in the PPM---to do both jobs. Moreover, the parasite also uses PfAQP to excrete its metabolic wastes (ammonia included) produced at a very high rate in the blood stage. This extremely high efficiency of the bug using one protein for multiple essential tasks makes the parasite fatally vulnerable. Erythritol in the blood stream can kill the parasite by clogging up its PfAQP channel that needs to be open for maintaining hydro-homeostasis and for excreting toxic wastes across the bug's PPM. In vitro tests are to measure the growth/death rate of P. falciparum in blood with various erythritol concentrations. In vivo experiments are to administer groups of infected mice with various doses of erythritol and monitor the parasite growth levels from blood samples drawn from each group. Clinic trials can be performed to observe the added effects of administering to patients erythritol along with the known drugs because erythritol was classified as a safe food ingredient.
Mutation of COL11A2 causes autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss at the DFNB53 locus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Allele variants of COL11A2 , encoding collagen type XI α2, cause autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) at the DFNA13 locus (MIM 601868) and various syndromes that include a deafness phenotype. Objective: To describe a genome-wide scan carried out on a consanguineous Iranian family segregating ARNSHL. Results: Genotyping data identified a novel locus for ARNSHL on chromosome 6p21.3, which was designated DFNB53. Homozygosity for the P621T mutation of COL11A2 was present in all deaf persons in this family; this same variation was absent in 269 Iranian controls. Sequence comparison of collagen type XI α1 and α2 peptides across species shows that the replaced proline is an evolutionarily conserved amino acid. Conclusions: The P621T mutation of COL11A2 affects the Y position of the canonical -Gly-X-Y- repeat in collagens. It lies near the amino-terminus of the triple helical region and causes ARNSHL. This finding suggests that mutation type and location are critical determinants in defining the phenotype of COL11A2 associated diseases.
The prevalance of epilepsy among college students in Canakkale, Turkey.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of epilepsy among students of the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. This cross sectional epidemiological study was performed on 4762 of 19,988 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University students in the academic year 2007-2008. Participants that answered "epilepsy" to the question "Do you have any disease diagnosed by a doctor?" in a questionnaire including 4 subgroups were identified. Data were transferred to the Epi-Info Version 6.0 statistics program and controlled data were analyzed in the SPSS 15.0 statistics program. There were 53.1% of female and 46.9% of male students, mean age 20.4 ± 2.1 (range 17-43) years. Twelve (0.25%) students had epilepsy diagnosis, eight (66.7%) female and four (33.3%) male, mean age 20.8 ± 1.8 years. In our study, epilepsy was detected in 0.25% of students (n = 12). Age specific prevalence studies related to epilepsy epidemiology are extremely rare, especially in university students with average intelligence. Thus, we considered that it would be epidemiologically significant to share the results of our cross sectional study with all those involved in epilepsy epidemiology and management.
QUANTIFICATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM LEAVES AND STEM BARK OF COCHLOSPERMUM RELIGIOSUM (L) ALSTON

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytochemical constituents are responsible for medicinal activity of plant species.Hence the present study quantification of primary and secondary metabolites from leaves and stem bark of Cochlospermum religiosum was carried out.The results showed that the leaf was rich in chlorophylls followed by lipids, proteins and carbohydrates whereas in stem bark highest amount found in chlorophylls followed by carbohydrates, proteins and lipids of primary metabolites.Cochlospermum religiosum leaf was rich in phenols followed by alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins whereas in stem bark highest amount found in phenols followed by flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins of secondary metabolites.The results suggest that phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and leads to the isolation of new and novel compounds.
Septicaemia with Fusobacterium necrophorum from Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy Resulting in Immature Birth: Case Report and Review of Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 26-year-old woman (gravida four, para two) delivered an immature infant at 23 weeks of gestation after presenting with abnormal vaginal blood loss and sepsis. Blood cultures and placenta cultures showed bacteremia by Fusobacterium necrophorum. Histopathological examination of the placenta was concurrent with that, showing severe chorioamnionitis with funisitis. A dentist and oral surgeon confirmed the diagnosis of generalised periodontal disease.
Evaluation of High-Temperature Electrolyser Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The operational modes of high-temperature (HT) electrolyzers are developed and explored. The benefits and operational limitations of using the HT electrolyzers are discussed. HT electrolyzers have difficulty in receiving heat which must come from electrical resistance in operational modes such as isoelectric point if there is no high temperature heat from external processes available. Low temperature electrolyzer cells can easily use water at ambient state but HT electrolyzers need additional heat for the evaporation of supplied water. Pressurization of the system is an option to reduce the demand of evaporation. Any electric heating as microwave, electromagnetic radiation and heat pumps which could be possibilities for introducing heat to HT electrolyzers are discussed in this context. The implications on the performance of HT electrolyzers and larger systems containing HT electrolyzers operating around the isoelectric point are discussed. It can be easily shown by thermodynamic evaluation that only an optimized system design and integration can deliver reliable solution. Energy supply scenarios, such as hydrogen production and supply, are discussed with respect to these larger systems. An outlook to possible electrochemical production systems is given as well.