jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Verifiable Carbon Accounting in Supply Chains

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In face of the ongoing climate change, both reduction and offsetting of carbon emissions are critical. To this end, accurate, reliable emission data, and service-oriented architectures for processing the data are needed. Current carbon accounting practices, however, are often error-prone, costly, and time-consuming. Even in digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems, the employment of single, trusted verification bodies inhibits transparent, fine-granular, and verifiable accounting at product instance-level in high-throughput supply chains. We propose Verifiable Carbon Accounting (VCA) as a novel accounting approach that leverages authenticity and zero-knowledge proofs in service-oriented architectures for creating non-disclosing emission reports that are peer-to-peer verifiable on blockchains. VCA builds upon and extends both conventional and digital MRV systems but ensures the confidentiality of business emission data and calculations while allowing for peer-to-peer transparency and verifiability. We introduce the concept and demonstrate VCA application for accounting product carbon footprints (PCFs) in supply chains. We present a proof-of-concept technical system design and implementation and discuss experimental findings, deriving both insights on VCA practicability and next steps. Overall, we show how VCA advances the state of the art in carbon accounting in and beyond supply chains, and how VCA can serve as the basis for next-generation, accurate carbon accounting.
GMHA for a Site in California

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

For sites in California, the USGS provides ground motion parameters for seven different shear wave velocities VS30 and for 11 different periods. Also, the deterministic limit usually applies in California. For these reasons, an example of a California site is presented to illustrate additional aspects of ground motion hazard analysis. Risk coefficients are needed to convert the Max response spectrum to the probabilistic MCER response spectrum. Calculation of risk coefficients using the USGS risk-targeted ground motion calculator is detailed; the response spectrum lacks a displacement-sensitive region. A displacement-sensitive region is added to the design response spectrum. The design response spectrum of vertical motion is obtained by multiplying the V/H spectral ratios with the design response spectrum of horizontal motion.
Financial Literacy and Intra-Household Decision Making: Evidence from Rwanda

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Despite considerable policy efforts, women continue to be underrepresented in positions of power and decision making. As an important aspect of women empowerment, we examine women's participation in intrahousehold financial decision making and how this is affected by financial literacy. Using both OLS and IV regression analysis, we show that women with higher financial literacy are more involved in household financial decisions. In line with the literature, we further find that women are less financially literate than men. Results from decomposition analysis show that education and personality traits (openness, happiness, and depression) drive this financial literacy gender gap.
Firmness of Canned Grapefruit Sections Improved with Calcium Lactate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hand cut commercially produced grapefruit sections, packed in either juice or syrup, were treated with 0. ‐ l‐0.5% calcium lactate throughout the 1988–1989 season and monitored for changes in shear force resistance. Firmness of both juice and syrup control packs declined about 40% during the processing season. Calcium addition did not reverse seasonal softening but incrementally decreased loss of firmness during processing. Improvements in texture were independent of seasonal changes, and remained relatively constant throughout the season. Optimal levels of calcium lactate were 0.3–0.4% for juice packed sections and the highest level used (0.5%) for syrup packed sections. Maximum increases in firming due to calcium in juice and syrup packed sections were 38 and 50%, respectively.
The Antipruritic Effect of 5% Doxepin Cream in Patients With Eczematous Dermatitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Topical application of doxepin provides significant antipruritic activity with a favorable safety profile, suggesting a role for doxepin cream in the symptomatic treatment of pruritus associated with eczematous dermatitis.
Molecularly Imprinted Magnetic Nanocomposite Based on Carboxymethyl Dextrin for Removal of Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic from Contaminated Water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone family have emerged as prominent water contaminants, among other pharmaceutical pollutants. In the present study, an antibacterial magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) composite was successfully fabricated using carboxy methyl dextrin grafted to poly(aniline-co-meta-phenylenediamine) in the presence of Fe3O4/CuO nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin antibiotic. The characteristics of obtained materials were investigated using FTIR, XRD, VSM, TGA, EDX, FE-SEM, zeta potential, and BETanalyses. Afterward, the MMIP’s antibacterial activity and adsorption effectiveness for removing ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions were explored. The results of the antibacterial tests showed that MMIP had an antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative pathogen (16 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive pathogen (22 mm). Adsorption efficacy was evaluated under a variety of experimental conditions, including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of the MMIP for ciprofloxacin was determined to be 1111.1 mg/g using 3 mg of MMIP, with an initial concentration of 400 mg/L of ciprofloxacin at pH 7, within 15 min, and agitated at 25 °C, and the experimental adsorption results were well-described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption kinetic data were well represented by the pseudo-second-order model. Electrostatic interaction, cation exchange, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding were mostly able to adsorb the majority of the ciprofloxacin onto the MMIP. Adsorption–desorption experiments revealed that the MMIP could be retrieved and reused with no noticeable reduction in adsorption efficacy after three consecutive cycles.
Managing Shift Work in the Offshore Workplace

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Working on offshore installations involves rotation scheme that are very variable; 4 weeks on-4 weeks off, 6 weeks on -3 weeks off, 8 weeks on- 4 weeks off, or even 20 weeks on-4 weeks off. At TOTAL ABK, we are convinced that human factors make a significant contribution to Health and Safety and that further improvements in HSE performance, over and above those resulting from improvements in engineering and management systems, will only come about if human factors are taken into account. Committed to tackle this issue and sensible to the increasing international evidence that long working patterns can lead to adverse health effects such as demotivation, anxiety, biological rhythms disturbances, and/or negative sleep patterns, TOTAL ABK Management has decided to implement a comprehensive shift work life style training program and to optimize rotation schemes of key personnel. A thorough assessment was done and the longest rotation periods were reduced without salary cuts on all the employees. Although the effects of extended work hours and shift patterns on performance is well documented in the international HSE literature, the local expectations are not set in terms of the maximum duration of work assignment in remote locations. Therefore efforts were undertaken by TOTAL ABK to enforce these optimized rotations to key contractors who responded positively. TOTAL ABK Commitment to reduce the likelihood of accidents and ill health is paramount and the continuous strive to eradicate any latent sources of risk to Health and Safety of its personnel has been successfully demonstrated with this initiative.
The acculturation of middle income Hispanic households

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on the consumer behavior of the Hispanic population has recently attracted the attention of marketing practitioners as well as researchers. This study's purpose was to develop a model and scales to examine the acculturation process of Hispanic consumers with income levels of $35,000 and above, and its effects on their consumer behavior. The proposed model defined acculturation as a bilinear and multidimensional change process, measuring consumers' selective change process in four dimensions: language preference, Hispanic identification, American identification, and familism. A national sample of 653 consumers was analyzed. The scales developed for testing the model showed good to high internal consistency and adequate concurrent validity. According to the results, consumers' contact with Hispanic and Anglo acculturation agents generates change or reinforces consumers' language preferences. Language preference fully mediates the effects of the agents on consumers' American identification and familism; however, the effects of the acculturation agents on Hispanic identification are only partially mediated by individuals' language preference change. It was proposed that the acculturation process would have an effect on consumers' brand loyalty, attitudes towards high quality and prestigious brands, purchase frequency, and savings allocation for their children. Given the lack of significant differences between Hispanic and Anglo consumers and among Hispanic generations, only savings allocation for children's future was studied intensively. According to these results, Hispanic consumers' savings for their children is affected by consumers' language preference through their ethnic identification and familism. No moderating effects were found for consumers' gender, age, and country of origin, suggesting that individual differences do not affect consumers' acculturation process. Additionally, the effects of familism were tested among ethnic groups. The results suggest not only that familism discriminates among Hispanic and Anglo consumers, but also is a significant predictor of consumers' brand loyalty, brand quality attitudes, and savings allocation. Three acculturation segments were obtained through cluster analysis: bicultural, high acculturation, and low acculturation groups, supporting the biculturalism proposition.
Are businesses Becoming More Efficient through Time? Testing the Change in Working Capital Requirements across Economic Sectors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study examines the efficiency of businesses through time. It tests the change in working capital requirements across economic sectors. The last two decades were earmarked with many changes. With no doubt technological innovations were among the most significant events that impacted almost every aspect of peoples’ life and businesses as well. In fact, technology became one of the critical components of survival and success for businesses. A core of business success is efficiency, which is the pledge of using fewer resources along with the commitment of improving quality; technology was the key for both. The study investigates if there had been a significant reduction in the working capital as a result of these changes in the last two decades. The research output of the study showed evidence that over the last twenty years there has been a significant decrease in the working capital requirements across most economic sectors. As a consequence, the efficiency of the market increases as more businesses are capable of entering the market because fewer funds are needed. In addition, consumers enjoy better quality products with cheaper prices as a result of competition.
Goodman versus Rawls: Politics, Philosophy, and Theology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lenn Goodman's book, Religious Pluralism and Values in the Public Sphere,11 Goodman L. Religious pluralism and values in the public sphere (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014). is a tour de force, challenging the most important liberal thinker of the past 50 years, the late John Rawls. In this book, Goodman challenges Rawls' political intolerance of religious voices, Rawls' anti-metaphysical philosophy, and Rawls disdain for theology. The author basically agrees with Goodman's political critique, and mostly agrees with his philosophical position. The difference between Goodman and the author lies in the different schools of thought in Jewish theology to which each of them ascribes. That difference is especially seen in their differing approaches the question of revelation.
The effectiveness of mesalazine plus rehabilitation liquid enema on serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in patients with ulcerative colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the effectiveness of mesalazine plus rehabilitation liquid enema on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods 100 patient with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into two groups,the observtion group(n=50 cases) and the contol group(n=50 cases).The patients in the control group were treated through sulfasalazine,while the patients in the observation group were treated through mesalazine plus rehabilitation liquid enema.They were all treated for eight weeks.Serum hs-CRP and IL-6 were detected before and after treatment.Results The total effects were 96% of the observation group and 84% of the control group,the two groups were significantly different(P 0.05).After treatment,patients with serum hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly reduced compared with the control group after treatment,the observation group decreased significantly(P 0.05).Conclusions Mesalazine plus rehabilitation liquid enema can significantly Inhibit the inflammatory response of patients with ulcerative colitis.
Plant Regeneration Studies in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation entitled “Plant regeneration studies in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.)” was carried out with objective for Regeneration of chrysanthemum plant. The explants (nodal segment) were treated with different concentrations of auxins (IAA, IBA) and cytokinins (BAP) alone or in combinations. The highest results were observed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L IAA, shown 90% shoot initiation and 5.5 ± 0.51 average length of shoot per explants. Nodal segments of chrysanthemum were cultured in MS media with different concentration of BAP. The highest results were observed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP, shown 93% shoot proliferation, 5.7 ± 0.22 cm average length of shoot per explants and 4.4 ± 0.88 nodes per explants. The regenerated shootlets were rooted on MS medium and ½ MS medium with different concentration of IBA. The highest results were observed on ½ MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L IBA shown 90% microcuttings rooted. 9 ± 0.19 cm average length of roots per explants and 11.8 ± 0.75 number per explant.
Analisa Perbandingan Pengasutan Motor Induksi 3 Fasa Soft Starter IGBT Berbasis Sine-Triangle dan Sine-Sawtooth PWM Menggunakan Matlab Simulink

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<em>T<em><span>The induction motor is the electric drive for industry so special attention is needed for maintainance and control system. Induction motors pulling high starting currents at starting. Various starting methods have been developed to overcome this problem, one of which is the Direct On-Line starting method. This method is the most common method because it is the easiest and cheapest to use, but there is high inrush current arround 6-8 times the nominal current will pulled by induction motor when using this method. This starting current can cause several disturbances, both from the electricity network, damaging the motor and can cause fatal losses to the electric power system.This research discusses the application of the Soft Starter starting method to a 3-phase induction motor to reduce the high starting current pulled by a 3-phase induction motor. The induction motor used in this study is a squirrel cage rotor type with 4kVA power, a rotational speed of 1430 r.p.m, a frequency of 50 Hz, and a voltage of 380 V. The Soft Starter system in this study uses 6 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor </span><span lang="IN">(</span><span>IGBT</span><span lang="IN">)</span></em><em><span>power electronics switches which are controlled using a sine-triangle PWM and sine - Sawtooth PWM. MATLAB SIMULINK is used to simulate the application of the soft starter starting method on a 3-phase induction motor.The results prove that the Soft Starter method is successful in reducing staring currents when compared to the Direct On-Line method. When using the Direct On-Line method the starting current is 77.29 78.80 A, when using the sine-triangle soft starter method the starting current is 60,46 61,46 A, and when using the sine-sawtooth soft starter method. starting 59,96 60,60 A. However, at steady state conditions, the Direct On-Line rotational speed is better than the Soft Starter because when using the Soft Starter method the voltage is cut. Soft St</span></em></em>
Undead psyche

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The trope of the undead or zombie finds its route in the specificities of the colonial project in the Caribbean. It refers to the enslaved who were used as building blocks for the development of European empires – individuals "hollow[ed] out of human agency by degraded forms of labour" (Sheller, 2003: p. 145). This chapter considers the contemporary tenor of the undead, positing a rereading of the notion that sees it in a restorative – as opposed to a traumatic, fraught – light. It borrows from the field of literature to interrogate visual arts practice, deploying Sam Durrant's understanding of the post-colonial narrative as that which is caught between psychoanalytic and deconstructive commitments; as that which oscillates between its function on the individual (personal) level to bury history's dead and its work on a collective level (society at large) to conjure and remember the dead. The chapter analyses work by Caribbean artist Annalee Davis, examining how she attends to personal and collective histories. It argues that her practice of post-colonial imaging is a manifestation of an undead psyche. Her art is proposed as that which offers a therapeutic paradox, one whereby an undead condition characterised by processes of laying the past to rest and reanimating that past, gestures towards psychic well-being.
Whom to Blame for Brain Health and Appetite Slump in Toddlers? A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Food preference in children depends on the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to flavors during prenatal and postnatal period through amniotic fluid, breast milk, and weaning foods have been identified as possible influences on food preference and acceptance in children. Therefore, maternal nutrition has a strong influence on the child’s food preference early in life. Aim: The authors carried out a narrative review to understand the contribution of maternal nutrition on the food preferences in children in later life. Methods: The authors retrieved the articles from SCOPUS, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, EBSCO, and PubMed central databases. The key words including food preferences, food choice, and acceptance of food, pregnant women, toddlers, and food culture were used to identify the appropriate articles. The authors included in the review, full-text articles, published in English language between 1995 and 2018. In total, six articles, which met the inclusion criteria, were included in the final review. Results: The results revealed that there is a very strong connection between the exposure to flavors during prenatal and postnatal period and food preference and acceptance in children in later life. The olfactory and gustatory exposures to flavors during prenatal period through maternal diet, and during postnatal period through breast milk and weaning foods determines the food preferences in childhood. Conclusion: We conclude that maternal nutrition has a strong influence on the child’s food preference early in the life, therefore effective strategies should be designed to increase healthy feeding choices during the prenatal and postnatal periods.
Saturn's Northern Auroras and Their Modulation by Rotating Current Systems During Late Northern Spring in Early 2014

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Hubble Space Telescope imaged Saturn's northern ultraviolet auroras during February–June 2014, when Saturn's northern and southern magnetic perturbation fields were locked in antiphase and matched in rotation period (~10.69 hr). During this coalescence period, we test for evidence of rotational modulation of the auroras using the latest rotating current system model and kilometric radio phases derived from Cassini measurements. While we see modulation of auroral intensity in the rotating frames of the planetary period current systems, the pattern is opposite to that expected and is dominated by an asymmetric local time profile that peaks at dawn. Enhancement of the north emission by rotating upward field aligned currents (FACs) is expected to peak at magnetic longitudes of ~90°, whereas here the intensity increased at ~270°. This unexpected finding is attributed to the presence of nonplanetary period oscillation dynamics having affected the auroral morphology, together with insufficient sampling of the rotational system orientations provided during such Hubble Space Telescope campaigns. Rotational modulation is clearest at dawn regardless of the pattern's orientation, suggesting that the physical relationship between rotating FACs and auroral intensity is not direct, having a local time dependence that is not generally observed in the rotating FAC magnitudes. We also find no statistically significant planetary period oscillation of the auroral circle position, but the mean center was offset from the spin pole by ~3° latitude toward early morning local times. Mean auroral boundaries were located at equatorward and poleward colatitudes of 15.0 ± 2.8° and 12.4 ± 3.0°, respectively.
Policies for Equality Under Low or No Growth: A Model Inspired by Piketty

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

GDP growth is declining in industrial economies, and there is increasing evidence that growth may be environmentally unsustainable. If growth falls below returns to wealth then inequalities increase, as Thomas Piketty recently showed. This poses a challenge to managing slow and/or negative growth. Here, we examine policies that have been proposed to solve the problem of increasing income inequality in slow- or non-growing economies, including redistribution, taxation, and employment reforms. We construct a simple model, expanding Piketty’s recent work, to evaluate the parameter ranges within which these different policies can be effective. Our analysis leads to two main findings. First, except in the case of complete wealth equality, any strategy to prevent increasing income inequality must reduce returns to wealth below the rate of growth. Second, several strategies may prevent an increase in income inequality during periods of low growth and may slow rising inequality, but not prevent it, in non-growing economies.