jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13-propeller gene mutation update in Nigeria – a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 propeller gene has been associated with artemisinin resistance. This review is a synthesis of evidence from research on Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 (Pfk13) propeller gene mutations conducted in Nigeria from 2011 to 2023 to determine the extent of spread of Pfk13 mutations in different states of Nigeria. Methods: An electronic search of studies from 2011 to date was done in Medline via PubMed, database and Google Scholar using Mesh terms and Boolean operators. PRISMA guidelines were used to guide the screening of articles for inclusion. Data extraction form was developed in Excel 2016 and used for data extraction. Results: A total of 84 articles were retrieved but only 12 were eligible for inclusion. Pfk13 gene mutations studies have been conducted in 11 out of 36 (30.6%) states of Nigeria. The total number of independent Pfk13 mutations identified across the different states was 44, 32 (72.7%) mutations were novels. None of the reported mutations in this review was among the validated k13 mutations associated with increased artemisinin resistance. Conclusion: Number of Pfk13 gene mutations studies in Nigeria was scanty. States in the North-east, North-west, and South-south geopolitical regions of Nigeria have the poorest coverage. Pfk13 gene mutations including novel ones were identified, however, they were all non-validated k13 mutations. There is need to carry out further studies (in vitro and in vivo) to ascertain the role of these novel mutations in emergence and spread of ART resistance in Nigeria.
The Role of the Sociocultural Environment of Inclusion in the Modern Educational Institution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents a consideration of the peculiarities of the organization of the socio-cultural environment of inclusion in a modern educational institution. The new conceptual foundations of social order, as stated in the UN Declaration on Social Development, are the ability of modern society to develop on the basis of tolerance, tolerance, condemnation of discrimination, respect for human diversity, equality of opportunity, solidarity and security. It is noted that the basis of such integration is the concept of a holistic approach, which opens the way to the realization of rights and opportunities for everyone and, above all, provides equal access to quality education. It is emphasized that the principle of accessibility, which is leading in the holistic approach of modern social policy and is formulated on the basis of respect for human rights. The aim of the article is to reveal the content of the socio-cultural environment of inclusion in a modern educational institution. The socio-cultural environment of inclusion in a modern educational institution is analyzed. Analysis of the definitions of socio-cultural environment allowed to form our own definition of the phenomenon for people with disabilities: socio-cultural environment - is the environment of people in the educational institution, including social groups, information flows, the influence of various public organizations, cultural and educational activities; jointly influence the change and formation of internal attitudes and external characteristics of the object and its socialization. The peculiarities of the socio-cultural environment of inclusion in a modern educational institution are determined. A model of the socio-cultural environment of an educational institution for a person with a disability has been developed and represented, which includes external and internal factors influencing its components, contribution flows and products.
<title>Measurement of circular and linear birefringence in chiral media and optical materials using the photoelastic modulator</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Circular birefringence is also called optical rotation. An experimental set-up using the photoelastic modulator (PEM) is developed in our lab for measuring small optical rotation in chiral solutions. Sugar solutions at known concentrations are used as standards to test the feasibility of the method and the sensitivity of the instrument. The sensitivity of this current instrument is determined to be 0.001 degrees. Using the same set-up, low-level linear birefringence in optical materials can also be measured at a different harmonic of the PEMs resonant frequency. Examples of monitoring residual linear birefringence for optical elements are given. Recent progress made in our lab is briefly discussed.
Apresiasi Sir Muhammad Iqbal terhadap pencerahan dan peranan Khudi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In view of the duality that man consists of physical and spiritual aspects. Spiritual aspect mentioned by Iqbal with khudi potentially has latent basis. This potency can be developed through internal and external influences. One's relationship with the external and internal worlds can affect basic pattern formation. The development of khudi towards better quality can be determined also by a factor of which is immanent in him, but one's ability to dive in his deepest self allow him relates to the transcendent realm and get influence from it. With the experience gained, one can be integrated with the holy architype, so that all the patterns, behaviors, thoughts, and attitudes is presented in accordance with the formation of the universe. \n \nEgo is able to build a relationship with infrahuman and suprahuman nature. In this connection one gained experience and take action based on that experience.
High-Voltage\nSymmetric Nonaqueous Redox Flow Battery\nBased on Modularly Tunable [Ru<sub>2</sub>M(μ<sub>3</sub>‑O)(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(py)<sub>3</sub>] (M = Ru, Mn,\nCo, Ni, Zn) Cluster Compounds with Multielectron Storage Capability

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) provide an attractive solution\nfor\nlarge-scale energy buffering and storage. This report describes the\ndevelopment of nonaqueous RFBs based on trimetallic coordination cluster\ncompounds: [Ru<sub>2</sub>M(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(py)<sub>3</sub>] (M = Ru, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn). The\nall-ruthenium complex exhibited stable battery cycles in anolyte–catholyte\nsymmetric operation, with rarely observed multielectron storage in\na single molecule. Moreover, the complex holds modularly tunable synthetic\nhandles for systematic improvements in solubility and redox potentials.\nAn optimized battery stack containing [Ru<sub>3</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(py)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> anolyte and [Ru<sub>2</sub>Co(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(py)<sub>3</sub>] catholyte yielded\nstable cycles with a discharge voltage of 2.4 V, comparable to the\nstate-of-the-art nonaqueous RFBs. Explanation for the exceptional\nstability of the charged states and prediction of systematic tunability\nof the redox potentials of the cluster compounds were assisted by\nDFT calculations.
Methodology for monitoring soil moisture in systems of double-acting irrigation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of the research is, based on the analysis of field studies, to select a well for sampling soil moisture relative to the entire inter-drain space for monitoring double-acting irrigation systems. To solve the problem, a monitoring system on double-acting irrigation systems, providing two-way regulation of the water regime in the root layer of the soil, as well as to ensure fire safety of the entire peat profile. Based on the results of field studies on the peat bogs of the Dubna river floodplain in the Moscow Region, a representative sampling point for monitoring double-acting irrigation systems has been substantiated. The sampling point should be located on an area with the same relief, the soil profile should be uniform with the properties and soil morphology characteristic of the entire field. Wells for taking moisture samples are recommended to be installed at a distance of ¼E (E is the distance between channels), in this case the measured moisture value will be closest to the average value in relation to the entire site. For the soil conditions of the experimental site, the moisture content in the selected well during sluicing in the dry summer period increased by 1.5 times to the anti-fire moisture standard. If the water level in the canal is maintained up to 85 cm for 5 or more hours, the humidity will rise to anti-fire moisture in the dry period.
Detection of M Protein in Colonies of Streptococcal L Forms by Immunofluorescence.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

M protein was detected in growing L-form colonies of Group A streptococci by an immunofluorescent technique which employs type-specific fluorescein-la-beled antibody. The type-specificity of the FA-staining reactions exhibited by the L forms was confirmed by parallel precipitin studies. These data suggest the feasibility of identifying the L-form colonies of Group A streptococci by detecting the M protein with the FA method.
Cattle tissues as a source of cadmium for consumers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the analytical results and time trends of the content of cadmium in muscle, liver, and kidney samples of young bovine animals and cows slaughtered in the Czech Republic during the years 1993–2010, and to estimate the total dietary exposure for the entire population aged 4–90 years and specifically, for children at the age of four to six years. Analyses showed that the arithmetic means of cadmium concentration in cow kidney and liver are higher than in young bovine ( P < 0.0001), but not in muscle ( P = 0.227). The mean cadmium concentration in cow kidney (0.595 mg·kg -1 ) was twice as high as in young bovine kidney (0.285 mg·kg -1 ) for the entire studied period. The mean concentration of cadmium in cow liver (0.113 mg·kg -1 ) was higher compared to young bovine liver (0.078 mg·kg -1 ). The mean concentration of cadmium in cow muscle (0.008 mg·kg -1 ) was comparable with young bovine muscle (0.006 mg·kg -1 ). The evaluation of time trends showed increasing concentrations of cadmium for cow (increasing slaughtering age) and young bovine kidney and decreasing concentrations for cow and young bovine muscle, but no significant change for liver. The estimated Cd burden of the entire population is worthy of attention (10% were over the tolerable dose of 2.5 μg·kg -1 body weight and week). For more than 50% of four to six-year-old children the burden exceeded the tolerable weekly intake. The contribution of food belonging to the group of meat and meat products, including cattle tissues, to usual cadmium exposure is only 5%. Nevertheless, the food safety recommendation is not to consume cow kidney as food.
Use of hematopoietic hormones for bone marrow defects in AIDS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bone marrow suppression is a substantial problem in patients infected with HIV. Contributing factors include the underlying HIV infection, alterations in the marrow microenvironment (resulting in abnormal cytokine regulation of hematopoiesis), and opportunistic infections and their associated medical treatments. Hematopoietic stimulants offer the promise of correcting peripheral blood cytopenias, augmenting host immune function, and permitting the continued use of potentially beneficial myelosuppressive therapies, which would otherwise result in dose-limiting side effects. The bone marrow abnormalities and mechanisms that contribute to alterations in hematopoiesis in HIV infection are briefly reviewed. Attention is then focused on the expanding clinical role of myeloid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO [Epogen, Procrit]) in the treatment of patients with AIDS.
Effect of In Utero Irradiation on the Postnatal Development, Behavior, and Brain Structure of Rats: Dose Fractionation with a 6-h Interval

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Based on previous studies showing that exposure of the rat fetus to ionizing radiation produces dose-dependent (0.25-1.25 Gy) changes in postnatal development of behavior and decreases in the thickness of the cerebral cortex, we examined the extent to which dose fractionation would reduce expression of damage. Pregnant rats were exposed to single doses of 0.5 or 1.0 Gy, or to two doses of 0.5 Gy 6 h apart on day 15 of gestation. Offspring were subjected to four behavioral tests on postnatal days 7-28; the rats were then sacrificed and their brains removed and processed for histology. For all end points, the fractionated dose produced an effect that was intermediate between that of the 0.5- and 1.0-Gy doses and which, by interpolation, could be expressed as equivalent to a single dose between 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. The equivalent single dose was not significantly different from the 1.0-Gy dose for negative geotaxis (0.54 Gy), reflex suspension (0.80 Gy), and continuous corridor (0.85 Gy). For sine of the angle of the advance of hind feet (0.58 Gy), width of stride (0.69 Gy), length of stride (0.75 Gy), body weight (0.73 Gy), and cerebral cortex thickness (0.69 Gy), the fractionated dose produced effects significantly different (P < 0.05) from the 1.0-Gy dose. Overall, exposure of fetal rats to two doses of 0.5 Gy separated by 6 h produced effects equivalent to a single dose of 0.70 Gy, as measured by postnatal behavioral tests and morphological assessment of brain structure.
TO STUDY THE ECG CHANGES IN DIABETIC NORMOTENSIVE PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide health problem, aficting millions in both developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with a high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria, all known independent cardiovascular risk factors Objective:To study the ecg changes in diabetic normotensive patients. Materials And Methods: This prospective cross sectional observational study, Patients of all age group who were type 2 diabetes with normal blood pressure visited in the department of medicine and admitted to the hospital were studied and compared with equal healthy control subjects. Results:There were 100 subjects, who were presented left ventricular mass index in normotensive with Diabetic mellitus (type 2). All 100 subjects were divided into two groups; 50 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal blood pressure and a similar number (50 subjects) of healthy, age-and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. Our study shows that ECG ndings PR interval and QT interval were having the signicant difference among cases and controls (p<0.05), whereas p-wave voltage, p-wave duration and QRS duration were showing insignicant difference between case and controls (p>0.05) Conclusions:In our study PR interval and QTinterval were having the signicant difference among cases and controls.
The evolution of foreign banking institutions in the United States: developments in international finance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Foreword by Terri Sohrab Preface Evolution of Foreign Banking Institutional Structure of International Banking: Foreign Banking Offices in the United States Legal Environment International Financial Markets U.S. International Lending Institutions Motivation and Area of Specialization Market Structure and Activities of Foreign Banks Major Foreign Banking Concerns in the United States International Trade and Banking Developments Impact of Foreign Banks and Future Prospects Selected Bibliography Index
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) SCANNING: CISTERNOGRAPHY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) SCANNING: CISTERNOGRAPHYA. EVERETTE JAMES, JR., M.D., FRANK H. DELAND, FRED J. HODGES, III, HENRY N. WAGNER, JR. and WENDY A. NORTH, M.I.R.Audio Available | Share
Tudor on Charities. Sixth edition. By the late Douglas H. McMullen, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, Spencer G. Maurice, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law and David B. Parker, of Gray's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. [London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd. 1967. lxvii, 735 and (index) 19 pp. 10 gns. net.] - Nathan and Marshall: A Casebook on Trusts. Fifth edition. By O. R. Marshall, m.a. (Cantab.), ph.d. (Lond.), of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at Sheffield University. [London: Stevens & Sons. 1967. xxx, 496 and (index) 13 pp. Cloth, £4 10s. net; paperback, £2 2s. net.]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tudor on Charities. Sixth edition. By the late Douglas H. McMullen, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, Spencer G. Maurice, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law and David B. Parker, of Gray's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. [London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd. 1967. lxvii, 735 and (index) 19 pp. 10 gns. net.] - Nathan and Marshall: A Casebook on Trusts. Fifth edition. By O. R. Marshall, m.a. (Cantab.), ph.d. (Lond.), of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at Sheffield University. [London: Stevens & Sons. 1967. xxx, 496 and (index) 13 pp. Cloth, £4 10s. net; paperback, £2 2s. net.] - Volume 26 Issue 1
Single amino acid radiocarbon dating of Upper Paleolithic modern humans

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Archaeological bones are usually dated by radiocarbon measurement of extracted collagen. However, low collagen content, contamination from the burial environment, or museum conservation work, such as addition of glues, preservatives, and fumigants to “protect” archaeological materials, have previously led to inaccurate dates. These inaccuracies in turn frustrate the development of archaeological chronologies and, in the Paleolithic, blur the dating of such key events as the dispersal of anatomically modern humans. Here we describe a method to date hydroxyproline found in collagen (∼10% of collagen carbon) as a bone-specific biomarker that removes impurities, thereby improving dating accuracy and confidence. This method is applied to two important sites in Russia and allows us to report the earliest direct ages for the presence of anatomically modern humans on the Russian Plain. These dates contribute considerably to our understanding of the emergence of the Mid-Upper Paleolithic and the complex suite of burial behaviors that begin to appear during this period.
OP027 IL-33/ST2 axis sustains gut mucosal wound healing and cancerogenesis in colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b>Background:</b> IL-33/ST2 axis is important in IBD.Emerging evidence suggests its role in epithelial proliferation and contribution to inflammation-driven tumorigenesis. Our aim was to characterize the its contribution in the DSS and AOM/DSS model of colitis. <b>Methods:</b> C57/BL6 wild-type (WT), IL-33 KO and ST2 KO mice were given one dose of AOM followed by two cycles of 3% DSS for 7d. WT mice, injected with vehicle and given drinking water were used as controls (CT). At 8 wks post AOM injection mice were sacrificed. IHC, immunofluorescence (IF) and qPCR were done. FACS analysis was performed on resected, isolated polyps. 3% DSS was administered for 5d to WT, IL-33 KO and ST2 KO mice. DSS was replaced with drinking water for 2 wks (recovery period). Another group of WT mice received DSS for 5d and IL-33 or vehicle (VEH) every other day during the recovery period. Mice were sacrificed either after DSS challenge or after 1 or 2 wks of recovery. <b>Results:</b> In AOM/DSS model IL-33, ST2L, and sST2 mRNA transcripts were dramatically elevated in WT vs. CT mice. IHC of treated WT mice revealed localization of ST2 to the intestinal epithelium in tissues immediately adjacent to tumors, while within the tumors themselves, ST2+ cells displayed a spindle/fibroblast-like morphology with a unique distribution throughout the polyps. Little to no staining for ST2 was present in CT.Using IF, ST2 co-localized with αSMA in polyps; ST2 was not exclusive for αSMA+ cells. At FACS analysis ST2 was mainly expressed by CD3/CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD11b+CD11c- and CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells. Non-hematopoietic cells (CD45-) also expressed ST2.At 5 weeks post AOM injection WT had already pre-tumorous lesions, while IL-33 KO and ST2 KO mice showed their absence with a more impressive mucosal inflammation, likely due to reduced epithelial proliferation and repair caused by the absence of IL-33 signaling. At sacrifice, increased number and size of polyps were observed in WT vs. IL-33KO and ST2KO mice. More severe colitis was observed following DSS+1wk recovery vs. after 5d of DSS, which decreased after DSS+2wks recovery. ST2 staining was more evident during the recovery phase following DSS, localized to subepithelial myofibroblasts in proximity to areas of re-epithelialization. Both IL-33 and ST2 KO mice showed increased colonic inflammation after 2 wks recovery compared to after 5d DSS and vs WT.IL-33 treatment resulted in increased body weight, reduced DAI, and decreased colonic inflammation after 2 wks recovery vs. VEH. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that activation of the IL-33/ST2 axis sustains mucosal healing and tumorigenesis in the murine model of colitis-associated CRC.
Body composition of the Kangaroo (Macropus Sp)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Results are reported of the dissections of nine red kangaroos (M. rufus) and four grey kangaroos (M. major). Weights of dissected carcass muscle, bone, and fat, of the viscera, and of the parotid and submaxillary glands were all significantly correlated with empty liveweight. The mean percentage of carcass muscle in the liveweight was 51.7%. The kangaroos had more muscle, and less total fat than have domestic livestock of similar liveweights. The parotid and submaxillary glands were similar histologically to those of the calf and the sheep, but the parotid glands of the kangaroo were about twice the weight of those of the calf or sheep. The weight of the submaxillary gland was half the weight of the parotid gland in the kangaroo, and of similar size to that of the sheep or the calf. In view of its body composition it is suggested that the value of the kangaroo as a producer of edible protein in areas marginal for the production of domestic livestock is worthy of investigation.