jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatially intermittent polymerization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel reactor has been designed which permits the precise determination of absolute rate constants in photoinitiated free‐radical vinyl polymerization. A solution of monomer and initiator flows through a dark tubular reactor past regularly spaced slots through which light shines. The alternating dark and light regions produce spatially intermittent polymerization (SIP) and make the system analogous to the well‐known rotating‐sector technique. However, the SIP reactor has the advantage of producing large volumes of reaction product, at low conversion, suitable for analysis of both conversion and molecular weight. This supplies the necessary data, from a single set of experiments, for the simultaneous determination of the rate constants for propagation and termination. Experimental data are reported at 25°C for methyl methacrylate which indicate that k p = 315 I./mole‐sec, independent of polymer molecular weight, and k t is dependent on molecular weight especially at low molecular weight, approaching a lower value of k t = 30 × 10 6 I./mole‐sec at a molecular weight of 10 6 . For styrene, measurements being made only at high molecular weight, k p = 74 ± 5 and k t = 37 ± 0.3 × 10 6 l./mole‐sec at 25°C.
Enhanced Thyroid Disease Prediction Using Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is an urgent need for precise and effective diagnosis techniques since thyroid diseases are becoming more common and have a major negative influence on public health. Conventional diagnostic methods frequently lack speed and accuracy, which causes therapy delays and unfavorable patient outcomes. The purpose of this study is to improve the predicted accuracy of thyroid illness detection by utilizing ensemble machine learning techniques. The dataset was preprocessed to ensure cleanliness and format compatibility with machine learning algorithms. Four classifiers were used to evaluate their predictive capabilities: Bagging Classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost, and Gaussian Naive Bayes. Bagging Classifier, utilizing 50 Decision Tree estimators, emerged as the most effective model. Bagging achieved the highest accuracy (99.87%), followed closely by AdaBoost (98.87%). SVM and Naïve Bayes performed comparatively lower, with accuracy scores of 94.58% and 93.69%, respectively. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ensemble methods for accurate and reliable thyroid disease prediction. These advancements could play a crucial role in developing automated tools for early detection and monitoring of thyroid disorders, ultimately improving patient outcomes and streamlining healthcare processes.
Wound healing activity of BrugmansiasuavelensBercht. &Presl. leaves methanol extract on Wistar albino rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The methanolic leaf extract of BrugmansiasuaveolensBercht. &Presl.was subjected for scientific investigation to support its traditional use as wound healer. Wound healing activity was evaluated in different concentrations prepared as an ointment in sodium alginate using five groups of six Wistaralbino male rats in each model with povidone iodine (5%) as the standard drug. Wound healing was assessed by a rate of wound contraction, tensile strength and histological changes. The results demonstrate high rate of wound contraction, higher wound breaking strength in experimental animals treated with 50 mg kg-1 of methanolic extract as compared to control and standard povidone iodine. These findings were further confirmed by histological examination of granulation tissue with a lesser number of chronic inflammatory cells, decreased edema and increased collagenation than the corresponding controls. However, effectiveness of plant extract’s wound healing property needs to be further verified before being considered for clinical purpose.
Additional file 5 of Cis-regulatory analysis of Onecut1 expression in fate-restricted retinal progenitor cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Additional File 5. Lineage tracing of regulatory elements reveals range in specificity. ACR2::PhiC31 and ECR42::PhiC31 were electroporated into E5 chick retinae with a PhiC31 GFP responder plasmid and CAG::Bgal and cultured for two days before harvest and staining with GFP to label cells with a history of PhiC31 expression and Bgal to label all electroporated cells. Scale bar in top right panel represents 50 μm and applies to all.
Hemodynamic changes during dipyridamole stress in patients with aortic stenosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dipyridamole is a potent vasodilator used in pharmacologic stress testing. Patients with severe aortic stenosis are not suitable for exercise, and are usually not subjected to testing with vasodilator substances. The aim of the present study was to investigate hemodynamic changes during dipyridamole stress test in patients with aortic stenosis and to see if these changes where reversible by theophylline, an aminophylline derivative. Ten patients with aortic stenosis underwent right and left heart catheterization. Simultaneous recordings of cardiac output, left ventricular and aortic pressures were performed at baseline, after intravenous dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg dissolved in 250 ml of saline given over four minutes), and after intravenous theophylline injection (115 mg). There was an increase in heart rate, stroke volume and flow, and a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in systemic vascular resistance after dipyridamole infusion. Left ventricular stroke work index and pressure time per minute increased after dipyridamole infusion suggesting an increase in myocardial oxygen demand, but there was no significant change compared to baseline after theophylline administration. Less than one third of left ventricular work was due to the resistance of the aortic valve. The aortic valve area changed with changes in flow. It is concluded that cardiac output, left ventricular work and myocardial oxygen demand after dipyridamole infusion increased in patients with aortic stenosis. The systemic vascular resistance seems to be more important determinant of cardiac output than the aortic valve obstruction. The calculated valve area appears to be flow-dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wages or Other Conditions: A Critical Assessment of Factors in Workers Performance in Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The challenge of getting maximum performance from employees remain a perennial problem to managers in Nigeria. This challenge is aggravated by the great divide that exist among managers on which of the motivational factors stimulate workers the more into higher performance; while some tilt to monetary incentives; many more argue that non-monetary incentives are major motivating factors. Thus, this study is set to investigate factors that influence workers ’ job performance in Nigeria. The study attempt to compare the influence of wages and other conditions service on employees ’ performance. To achieve this objective, we elicited information from 300 respondents who were purposively sample from four organizations in some selected geo-political zones in Nigeria. Data collected were presented in graph, pie chart and bar chart. Findings reveal that, employee job performance are greatly influenced by regular and good wages; followed by conducive work environment, availability of internet facilities, good library, recognition/award, regular promotion, training opportunities, access to medical care and communication flow. We made the following recommendations among others, that managers of formal organizations should properly remunerate workers as well as provide conducive work environment for their employees. We posit that other least motivating factors as identified in this study should not ignore by managers, since each provide workers with a level of stimulant that propel them into maximum performance in work organization.
An energy and QoS-aware packet transmission algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the demand for energy efficiency (EE) and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee for such networks is on the rise. In a distributed WSN, the EE could be directly related to the operational expenditure (OPEX) due to the frequent replacement of batteries. An increasing EE helps prolong the network lifetime. Energy efficiency in a WSN can be improved by optimising PHY and MAC layer algorithms. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive energy efficiency algorithm, known as ABSD that changes the MAC parameters of the IEEE 802.15.4 sensor nodes in response to the queue occupancy level of sensor nodes and the offered traffic load conditions. By adapting the transmission parameters, the ABSD algorithm minimises the network contention which could in turn improve the energy efficiency as well as the throughput. The paper also presents a mathematical model to characterise the energy consumption processes controlled by the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer. Our ABSD algorithm is simulated by using an OPNET-based discrete event simulation model. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm offers high EE and maintains high QoS for different offered load conditions.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery Versus Surgery Alone for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus (NEOCRTEC5010): A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) plus surgery for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. In this trial, we compared the survival and safety of NCRT plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with locally advanced ESCC. Patients and Methods From June 2007 to December 2014, 451 patients with potentially resectable thoracic ESCC, clinically staged as T1-4N1M0/T4N0M0, were randomly allocated to NCRT plus surgery (group CRT; n = 224) and surgery alone (group S; n = 227). In group CRT, patients received vinorelbine 25 mg/m 2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 IV day 1, or 25 mg/m 2 IV on days 1 to 4 every 3 weeks for two cycles, with a total concurrent radiation dose of 40.0 Gy administered in 20 fractions of 2.0 Gy on 5 days per week. In both groups, patients underwent McKeown or Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. The primary end point was overall survival. Results The pathologic complete response rate was 43.2% in group CRT. Compared with group S, group CRT had a higher R0 resection rate (98.4% v 91.2%; P = .002), a better median overall survival (100.1 months v 66.5 months; hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.96; P = .025), and a prolonged disease-free survival (100.1 months v 41.7 months; hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.78; P < .001). Leukopenia (48.9%) and neutropenia (45.7%) were the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events during chemoradiotherapy. Incidences of postoperative complications were similar between groups, with the exception of arrhythmia (group CRT: 13% v group S: 4.0%; P = .001). Peritreatment mortality was 2.2% in group CRT versus 0.4% in group S ( P = .212). Conclusion This trial shows that NCRT plus surgery improves survival over surgery alone among patients with locally advanced ESCC, with acceptable and manageable adverse events.
The Intentions of Men 23 to 29 Years Old to Join the Military: Results of a National Survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The population of 23-29 year olds will increase during the early 1980s and remain above 1980 levels throughout the decade. The population of the prime enlistment pool, 17-21 year old males, will decrease sharply during the 1980s and beyond. Due to the demographic shift, increased consideration may be given toward augmenting this traditional supply source by recruiting somewhat older individuals. Therefore, a survey was conducted to assess the interest of 23-29 year old men in joining the military under present conditions and under monetary (bonuses, educational incentives, lateral entry pay) and nonmonetary (training, job, location guarantees, contract length options) incentives. Findings are presented detailing interest levels under current conditions and under each incentive. The composition of the pool of interested men, uninterested men, and those interested only under incentive options is assessed in terms of its demographic components.
Women at Ebenezer and Ernabella Missions: a personal perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I draw attention to two shortcomings relating to women in the presentation of mission history. First, more attention has been given to male missionaries than to their female colleagues. Second, women missionaries have suffered the same stereotyping as men in many references to their work. My focus is on the contribution of women missionaries and their Indigenous female co-workers on two Aboriginal missions in Australia: Ebenezer, a Moravian mission in Victoria in the nineteenth century and Ernabella, a Presbyterian mission in South Australia. To overcome the distortions arising from the aforementioned stereotypes, attention is given to the close daily interaction of women missionaries and the Aboriginal women who worked with them in schools, hospitals, craft rooms and homes. Similarities and differences between the two missions are identified, as are ways in which women missionaries were unequally treated in contrast to the conditions under which males served. Despite this discrimination, I conclude that the women missionaries referred to were more than equal to the tasks allotted to them.
Two species of Neocypholaelaps from Sri Lanka (Acari: Ameroseiidae), with description of a new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Narita, João P. Z., De, Gilberto J., Fernando, Liyanage C. P. (2011): Two species of Neocypholaelaps from Sri Lanka (Acari: Ameroseiidae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2741: 59-65
Pectinolytic Enzyme Activity and Changes in Water Potential Components Associated with Internal Breakdown in ‘McIntosh’ Apples1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A tissue macerating factor and pectinesterase activity were found in extracts from ‘McIntosh’ apple ( Malus svlvestris , L.) during development of internal breakdown. Pectinesterase activity increased significantly and activity of the tissue macerating factor decreased significantly accompanying development of internal breakdown; concentrations of both remained low throughout development of the disorder. With loss of fruit firmness, fruit tissue water potential decreased as a result of decreasing solute potential and decreasing pressure potential. The first component of fruit firmness to decrease, tissue rigidity, is believed to decrease as a result of hydrolysis of intercellular pectins. The second component, cell turgor, decreased due to an increase in permeability of cell membranes to water in the later stages of development of internal breakdown. Decrease in both components of fruit firmness appear to contribute to tissue softening accompanying development of internal breakdown.
Study on the characteristic of the grounding fault on the cascaded midpoint side of the hybrid cascaded HVDC system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The hybrid cascaded high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system combines the system support capabilities of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) with the capacity of the line-mutated converter’s (LCC’s) advantage of high-power transmission. The HVDC system is among the key elements of a smart grid where artificial intelligence is applied extensively. However, the characteristics of a grounding fault on the cascaded midpoint side of a hybrid cascaded HVDC system remain unclear. This study analyzes fault characteristics and the impact of faults using analytical methods. First, the topology and basic control strategy are presented. The fault response process is then analyzed by dividing systems into the MMC and LCC parts at the inverter side. A separate theoretical analysis is also conducted. In addition, the impacts of faults on HVDC and alternating current (AC) networks are analyzed. Therefore, even after the HVDC system is disabled, the AC network can supply fault currents using an antiparallel diode. The simulation results show that the proposed analysis method is feasible, and the theoretical analysis is correct. The proposed method can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of equipment for HVDC systems and smart grid construction.
IDDF2019-ABS-0022 The efficacy of pentoxifylline on acute pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition that occurs in the pancreatic parenchyma and systemically affect other organs. The first phase of the disease, usually during the first week, is caused by the patient's systemic inflammatory response elicited by acinar cell injury. During this phase, the severity of acute pancreatitis is directly related to extrapancreatic organ failure, and several intercellular signaling proteins such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) are involved. Although there is currently no specific treatment for such condition, there is evidence in animals model showing that the administration of pentoxifylline, a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is able to reduce inflammation through TNF-a inhibition. However, its benefit in acute pancreatitis in human remains unclear.

Subjects

To study clinical outcomes of pentoxifylline in APACHE II score in acute pancreatitis patients at 72 hours after treatment and to study the effects of pentoxifylline on inflammatory markers level.

Methods

54 acute pancreatitis patients with associated risk factors of severe pancreatitis development were evaluated for the severity of disease and inflammatory markers prior to treatment. Participants were allocated within 48 hours of diagnosis into pentoxifylline or control arm. The severity of disease, as well as inflammatory markers, were re-evaluated at 72 hours after treatment.

Results

Pentoxifylline did not decrease the severity of disease determined by a reduction in APACHE II score and a percent reduction of APACHE II compared with control group (0 Vs. 2; p-value = 0.27 and 0% reduction vs. 32% reduction; p-value =0.3, respectively). Interestingly, the incidence of the systemic inflammatory responds syndrome (SIRS) after 72 hours of treatment was significantly lower than those without pentoxifylline. (7.7% Vs. 29.2%; p-value = 0.048)(table 1.). Noticeably in subgroup analysis, patients who enrollment time less than 24 hours after onset of symptoms show mean proinflammatory marker tended to respond to pentoxifylline group better than the control group.

Conclusions

Pentoxifylline seems to reduce the inflammatory process of the early phase of acute pancreatitis, particularly in patients presented within 24 hours of onset. However, the overall severity of the disease and clinical benefit was similar to the control group.
Using two-dimensional detectors for X-ray imaging

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Sessions C765presence of metallic copper, and to cuprite in the orange tesserae.These phases are responsible for both the colour and opacity of the samples.In this context, in addition to the redox conditions in kilns, the relationships between the precipitation of the above phases and differing amounts of copper and lead in the samples were also discussed.Lastly, the similarity of the present results with those already reported in the literature indicates routine glass production processes, notwithstanding their different age and provenance.
Incompatible local features are unnecessary for binocular suppression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is generally assumed that binocular suppression is induced when two half-images have incompatible local features (e.g., orthogonal gratings). We report here a new observation where binocular suppression could be induced by half-images with similar local features. Experiment 1 employed a stereo display whose one half-image had a 3cpd vertical grating (4.5×4.5deg) and the other half-image had a 1.5deg disc with vertical grating that was surrounded by a spatially phase-shifted vertical grating (4.5×4.5deg). The phase shift created a monocular boundary contour (MBC) around the disc, and led to the percept of a stable disc separated in depth from the surrounding grating. We measured the increment contrast threshold of a monocular Gaussian probe upon the vertical grating at varying contrast levels (0.8–1.6 log unit) (TvC function). We found the TvC function to be higher in the eye viewing the vertical grating alone than in the eye viewing the vertical grating with the MBC disc, indicating suppression of the former eye (despite the two half-images having similar local features). Corroborating this, Experiment 2 using a spatial frequency difference (3 vs. 3.5cpd) to create the monocular MBC disc with vertical grating, also showed suppression in the other eye viewing only the vertical grating. These findings suggest the interocular inhibitory and stereo processes together form a stable 3-D percept, in which the grating within the disc matches with the vertical grating in the other eye to obtain depth while suppressing it from visual awareness. Finally, confirming the co-existence of binocular suppression and depth perception, we demonstrated that a monocular green grating disc on a binocular red grating background is mostly perceived at a different depth in green, rather than in a red/green color mixture or color rivalry. We conclude that besides local features, boundary contour information can trigger binocular suppression while supporting depth.
Rancière, religion and the political

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the past few decades, the 'return of the religious' has been a recurrent theme in popular and academic discourse. From debates regarding the permissibility of religious dress and symbols in the public sphere, to questions of the integration of Muslim immigrants, concerns about the rise of the Christian Right in American politics and the role of Islam in the uprisings of the Arab Spring, a great deal of attention has been accorded to the presence of religion and religious subjects in the public sphere. Such has been the importance attached to accounting for, categorizing and contending with this phenomenon that it has attracted the attention of many of the major figures in contemporary social and political thought. However, the ideas of Jacques Rancière, one of the foremost figures in contemporary political philosophy, are noticeably absent in these discussions. In this article, I take up the task of investigating how Rancière's political philosophy can be brought to bear on debates surrounding the relationship between citizenship, religion and the political. I argue that his reconceptualization of politics, democracy and political subjectivity makes apparent the limitations, and even futility of current debates between advocates of secular universalism and those of religious pluralism, and, through assisting in the critical analysis of the public presence of religion, provide an opening for the potential emergence of alternative forms of community and political subjectivity.