jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Size analysis of suspension inhalation aerosols by inertial separation methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The particle size distribution of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) aerosols delivered from pressurized metered dose suspension inhalers has been measured with three cascaded inertial separation instruments, the Casella Cascade Impactor, Multistage Liquid Impinger and Cascade Centripeter. Various methods for collecting the emitted aerosol before measurement have been examined. A bent glass tubular ‘throat’, used as a simulated oro-pharynx, collects 35–60 % of the emitted dose by impingement of the wet spray cone in the throat. The aerosol passing through the throat has a similar but somewhat finer size distribution to that collected by firing directly into a large flask. The three cascaded instruments give similar results which in the Multistage Liquid Impinger also resemble those given by a salbutamol inhaler. The mass fraction (35–60%) emitted from the oral adaptor which is of a size capable of deep lung penetration (&lt;4 μm) is much higher than the fraction (10–16%) found in the lungs of dogs after inhalation of aerosol. The size distributions resemble those determined by microscopy and are expressed as aerodynamic sizes, thus showing that the particles approximate to unit density spheres. The performance of two simpler devices, Kirk's apparatus and the Harwell size selective air sampler are also assessed, the latter shows some promise for the simple evaluation of the respirable fraction of inhalation aerosols.
Investigating the role of theory of planned behavior and Machiavellianism in earnings management intentions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and empirically test the earnings management (EM) behavior model to investigate the personal psychological factors that influence individuals’ intentions to engage in EM. Design/methodology/approach Following a review of literature, personal-psychological factors influencing EM intentions were identified within the scope of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and a dark triad of personality theory. The survey data from 153 MBA students were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling. Findings The results revealed perceived behavior control is significant in influencing individuals’ EM intentions followed by attitude toward behavior and subjective norms. The results, however, do not support the relationship between moral obligation and intentions to engage in EM and also reported a negative relationship between Machiavellianism and individuals’ EM intentions. Practical implications The proposed model will enable organizations to develop focused training programs for managers to reduce EM behavior. It will also help educators in training students to positively shape their ethical behavior and make them more reciprocal toward others and their work environment. Originality/value The study develops the EM behavior model and suggests that TPB and Machiavellianism personality traits provide a useful framework to identify the personal psychological factors influencing individuals’ EM intentions. Further, the empirical testing of the model documents and contributes toward a better understanding of the personal psychological factors significantly influencing individuals’ EM intentions.
A study of virtual reality control for digital twin systems of machining lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Based on the source of the processing production line twin data, the virtual and real interaction framework of the processing production line digital twin system was designed. Taking the data in the processing production line digital twin system as the research object, the equipment data acquisition transmission channel design was carried out through OPC UA communication technology, and the data acquisition function of the processing production line was realized by using the KEPServerEX 6 data acquisition platform. We chose the C# language and the Visual Studio platform to develop the monitoring module, and used TCP/IP protocol, S7.NET open source library, and motion control card dynamic link library, to achieve the control of the robotic arm, PLC, milling machine, monitoring and other functions. Utilizing the SQL Server database, the connection between the monitoring module and the digital twin system of the machining line was completed, and the basic data information of the whole system was studied. The virtual and real driving process of the whole system is studied to realize the function of this digital twin system of controlling the virtual with the real and controlling the real with the virtual.
Exploratory analysis of Chinese‐American family caregivers' needs and instructional video on dressing stroke survivors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aims of this project were to explore the needs of family caregivers in the Chinese‐American community and to develop training videos for caregivers on dressing stroke survivors. In‐depth, semi‐structured, open‐ended interviews were used to explore the problems of caregivers of stroke survivors. Forty participants were recruited from Chinese‐American communities. Verbatim interview transcripts were coded and analyzed. Four main concerns emerged: the impact and adjustment in lifestyle for family caregivers; lack of social activities and failure to seek community support; physical and mental stress and methods to alleviate stress, such as instruction in heavy lifting and guidance for daily activities, which include dressing. An 18‐min video was produced to provide instruction on dressing stroke survivors for those who need this information. Also, this article addresses the lack of social activities and information about community or public services.
Selective bowel decontamination in elective liver transplantation: no improvement in endotoxaemia, initial graft function and post-operative morbidity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Peri-operative endotoxaemia during liver transplantation has been linked to compromised graft function and infection. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) could prevent endotoxaemia by eradicating Gram-negative bacteria from the intestine. In a randomized placebo controlled study we investigated the effects of endotoxaemia and the efficacy of SDD to prevent its occurrence. Thirty-one patients undergoing elective orthotopic liver transplantation received either SDD (n= 15) or placebo (n= 16), which was started at least 7 days before transplantation. Endotoxin levels were measured in blood peroperatively. Patients were scored daily for signs of liver dysfunction and infection. Endotoxaemia was neither associated with initial poor function nor any routine liver function test. Infections were more prominent in patients without endotoxaemia. SDD did not prevent endotoxameia. Endotoxaemia does not affect post-operative graft function or the incidence of post-operative infections. SDD cannot prevent peri-operative endotoxaemia. Translocation of endotoxin may not be relevant in liver transplantation.
Opportunistic interference management: a new approach for multiantenna downlink cellular networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new approach for multiantenna broadcast channels in cellular networks based on multiuser diversity concept is introduced. The technique called opportunistic interference management achieves dirty paper coding capacity asymptotically with minimum feedback required. When there are K antennas at the base station with M mobile users in the cell, the proposed technique only requires K integer numbers related to channel state information between mobile users and base station. The encoding and decoding complexity of this scheme is the same as that of point‐to‐point communications, which makes the implementation of this technique easy. An antenna selection scheme is proposed at the base station to reduce the minimum required mobile users significantly at the expense of reasonable increase in feedback. In order to guarantee fairness, a new algorithm is presented that incorporates opportunistic interference management into existing Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) standard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of enzyme binding in muscle metabolism of the goldfish

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Regulation of glycolytic metabolism in muscle by the reversible association of enzymes with the particulate fraction of the cell was assessed in heart and white skeletal muscle of the goldfish Carassius auratus. Three physiological states were compared: rested aerobic controls, 21 h of anoxia exposure in water bubbled with N 2 and CO, and exhaustive swimming. Heart muscle responded to the anoxia exposure with an increase in the percentage bound for phosphofructokinase (PFK), aldolase, and pyruvate kinase, the greatest increase being for PFK (from 35 to 48%). When fish swam to exhaustion, however, no changes in the percentage bound occurred for the eight enzymes assayed in heart. In white muscle neither anoxia nor exhaustive swimming altered the binding of the eight enzymes to the particulate fraction of the cell, except for a significant decrease in the percentage of alcohol dehydrogenase bound in anoxic muscle. PFK binding was particularly high in white muscle (63–72% bound, assessed by two methods). PFK binding was sensitive to pH in both organs, with binding increasing as pH decreased. This suggests that binding of PFK could be enhanced when metabolism is highly dependent on glycolytic ATP production due to the fall in cellular pH as a result of metabolic acidosis.
A Double-Step Unscented Kalman Filter and HMM-Based Zero-Velocity Update for Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using MEMS Sensors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) using microelectromechanical system magnetic, angular rate, and gravity sensors, which includes a double-step unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) and hidden Markov model (HMM)-based zero-velocity-update (ZVU) algorithm. The DUKF divides the measurement updates of the gravity vector and the magnetic field vector into two steps in order to avoid the unwanted correction for the Euler angle error. The HMM-based ZVU algorithm is developed to recognize the ZVU efficiently. Thus, the proposed PDR method can reduce the position drift caused by the heading error and fault zero-velocity measurement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better yaw estimate, as well as zero-velocity measurement, and obtains more accurate dead-reckoning position than other methods in the literature.
Comparative Double-Blind Study of Two Dosage Regimens of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin in Elderly Patients with a Fracture of the Neck of the Femur

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of two different dosage regimens of a low-MW heparin, Enoxaparin (Lovenox) 20 mg twice (group A) or 40 mg once (group B), was carried out in 103 elderly patients with a fracture of the neck of the femur. Distal and proximal thrombosis occurred in 18.3% of patients in group A and in 10.4% in group B. No major hemorrhagic complication was observed, except for two hematomas in each group. This trial suggests that a total daily dose of 40 mg of Enoxaparin can be effective in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elderly surgically treated patients and does not involve a major risk of bleeding.
IMPACT OF BLACK SEEDSS Nigella sativa L. MEAL SUBSTITUTION INSTEAD OF SOYBEAN MEAL ON SOME GROWTH TRAITS OF LOCAL RABBIT MALES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The work carried out on a privet local farm extended to eight weeks in Mosul city Iraq. Sixty local male rabbits, six to seven weeks aged, with an average initial bodyweight of 552 ±15gm. Randomly divided into 4 treatments and 3 replications (5 rabbits each). Soybean meal replaced by black seeds (Nigella sativa L.) meals at levels 0, 33, 66, and 100% respectively in the diets as a crud protein source. The diets were nearly equal in the level of energy digests and the percentage of crude protein. Treatment 4 (100%) showed a significant effect (p≤ 0.05) in increasing daily weight gain, daily consumption, total weight gain, hot and cold carcass weight. A higher mortality percentage was in T1 (6.67). While our other results did not show any significant differences in all other studied traits. T4 showed the highest profit in weight gain (Kg) / Iraqi Dinar) then T3, T2 and T1 respectively.
The Perception of Ely's Conditions for Technology Implementation within Community Colleges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Change is a concept that has been studied for generations and continues to evolve in the literature. An area of change is diffusion of innovation which examines how new technologies or innovations are spread throughout a population. Using Ely's (1990) eight conditions that facilitate the implementation of educational technologies, this study was conducted to measure the influence of those conditions for the implementation of technologies in community college environments. Within this study, 634 participants from 18 community colleges across Virginia were surveyed and identified the conditions they perceived to be most influential in regards to their decisions to implement a specific technology. The perceived influence of Ely's eight conditions was analyzed for differences between various technologies, as well as within various demographic groups. The findings of this study identify those conditions with highly perceived influences which may lead practitioners to ensure the more influential conditions are in place prior to future technology implementations with the goal of more successful implementations.
Relationships between some estimates of growth hormone and prolactin secretion and rates of accretion of constituents of body gain in rams

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Relationships between estimates of some factors affecting growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion and rates of deposition of fat, protein and ash and rate of gain were investigated in Suffolk ram lambs. Factors affecting secretion were determined from measurements made by radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected at 15-min intervals during a 6-h period at a body weight of 43 to 58 kg. Depositional traits were estimated over the period of growth from 32 to 73 kg. The endocrine secretory measurements were adjusted statistically for weight at blood sampling. The only single endocrine secretory measurement that significantly correlated with a growth or depositional trait was frequency of GH peaks which was negatively related to rate of ash accretion. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the association between endocrine secretory measurements and rates of gain and accretion. R2 values were 0·43, 0·29, 0·42 and 0·70 for average daily gain and accretion rate of protein, fat and ash, respectively. Models with minimal error mean squares contained linear, quadratic and/or crossproduct terms for the independent variables, thus suggesting nonlinear relationships of the hormones in the mediation of rate and pattern of growth. These results emphasize the value of assay of multiple samples from each animal, the subsequent estimation of secretory characteristics and the use of expanded statistical models to determine the relationship present in the system under investigation.
Thyroid autoimmunity and female infertility.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In infertile women, the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is significantly higher compared to that in parous age-matched women. This is especially the case in women with endometriosis and the polycystic ovarian syndrome. TAI does not interfere with normal fetal implantation and comparable pregnancy rates have been observed after assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women with and without TAI. During the first trimester however, pregnant women with TAI carry a significantly increased risk for a miscarriage compared to women without TAI, even when euthyroidism was present before pregnancy. It has further been demonstrated that controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in preparation for ART has a significant impact on thyroid function, particularly in women with TAI. It is therefore advised to measure thyroid function and detect TAI in infertile women, before ART, and to follow-up these parameters after COH and during pregnancy when TAI was initially present. Women with thyroid dysfunction before or at early gestation stages should be treated with 1-thyroxine to avoid assisted pregnancy or further pregnancy complications. Whether thyroid hormones should be given prior to or during pregnancy in euthyroid women with TAI remains controversial and needs further investigation.
Chinese students’ participation: the effect of cultural factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide for Western educators of international Chinese and Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) students the first integrated review of kiasu , the “fear of missing out”, and its consequences for learning, teaching, and future research. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the economic importance of international Chinese students is provided, followed by consideration of the pedagogical consequences of restricted participation in educational activities by the so-called “silent Chinese student”. Examination of research on international Chinese students and their source cultures established significant gaps and misunderstandings in the generally accepted understandings of CHCs, especially with respect to the actual practices used in Western and Chinese teaching. More importantly, the participation-related implications of kiasu within the context of broader cultural characteristics are described and implications drawn for teaching practices and research. Findings – While many Western university teachers are aware of the “silent Chinese student” phenomenon, few understand its underlying reasons, especially the kiasu mindset and its relationship to other cultural elements. Kiasu actively impedes the interaction of international Chinese students with their teachers and restricts collaboration with peers, thereby limiting educational achievement. Specific tactics for amelioration are reviewed and recommendations are provided, while an agenda for future research is outlined. Practical implications – Western teachers need to normalise and encourage Chinese student participation in class activities using tactics that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for Chinese students, but that also assist students generally. These include both within-class and electronic interaction tools. Social implications – More culturally sensitive understanding of the impact of cultural differences on teaching effectiveness. While some effective responses to these already exist, further research is needed to expand the skill-set of Western teachers who work with international Chinese students. Originality/value – This paper provides the first systematic integration of the kiasu phenomenon with educational practice and research.
Improvement of Aspergillus niger 55, a Raw Corn Meal Saccharifying Enzyme Hyperproducer, through Mutation and Selective Screening Techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mutation experiments were performed to select the mutant of Aspergillus niger 55, which had lost almost all the ability to produce transglucosidases but retained that of high productivity of raw meal saccharifying enzyme, by means of successive induction with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), ultraviolet(UV) light, and -rays. Also, we used the mutant enrichment techniques, such as liquid culture-filtration procedure and differential heat sensitivity of conidia, in order to increase the possibility of obtaining a mutant. The glucoamylase productivity of mutant PFST-38 was 11 times higher than that of the parent strain. The mutant PFST-38 was morphologically identical to the parent strain, except for the size of conidia, the tendency to form conidia and the lenght of conidiophore. Asp. niger mutant PFST-38 apeared to be useful for the submerged production of the raw corn meal saccharifying enzyme.
Prediction of shear strength of reinforced concrete beams using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and artificial neural network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are used to predict the shear strength of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, and the models are compared with American Concrete Institute (ACI) and Iranian Concrete Institute (ICI) empirical codes. The ANN model, with Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), using a Back-Propagation (BP) algorithm, is used to predict the shear strength of RC beams. Six important parameters are selected as input parameters including: concrete compressive strength, longitudinal reinforcement volume, shear span-to-depth ratio, transverse reinforcement, effective depth of the beam and beam width. The ANFIS model is also applied to a database and results are compared with the ANN model and empirical codes. The first-order Sugeno fuzzy is used because the consequent part of the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is linear and the parameters can be estimated by a simple least squares error method. Comparison between the models and the empirical formulas shows that the ANN model with the MLP/BP algorithm provides better prediction for shear strength. In adition, ANN and ANFIS models are more accurate than ICI and ACI empirical codes in prediction of RC beams shear strength.
Effect of the Addition of Stearic Acid on Starch Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of the addition of stearic acid on properties of wheat, mung bean and potato starches were studied. Soluble amylose content in three kinds of starches was significantly reduced. Both λmax values and the 630/520 nm ratio were decreased. Stearic acid added starches showed a significantly higher pasting temperature, breakdown and setback compared to the native starches as measured by RVA. Texture properties analysis showed that hardness of wheat and mung bean starches significantly decreased, while that of potato starch significantly increased after the addition of stearic acid. Diffraction peaks of wheat, mung bean and potato starches appeared at 22° which indicated that complex formation by X-ray diffraction
Hospital Malnutrition in Pediatric Patients: A Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Malnutrition is common in pediatric inpatients, and nutritional status often deteriorates in the hospital.Although the prevalence of hospital malnutrition is high, this condition is ignored and consequently, not treated.The first step to fight malnutrition knows how to identify patients at greater risk of this condition.One way to identify them is by using risk screening tools, which should be used in all inpatients.Six screening tools have been created for pediatric patients, but none of these tools stood out.Nevertheless, the STRONGKids has been the most studied tool in many countries because of its ease and speed of use.In Brazil only STRONGKids has been translated and adapted, but just one study assessed its accuracy in our population, obtaining modest results.Hence, STRONGKids should be considered a preliminary tool, and its correlation with clinical data requires investigation.