jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent changes of heart valves and heart size.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mode and extent of the regressions of heart valves, valvular rings, and tendon chords, as well as the size of atria and ventricles in 316 hearts of different age groups (macroscopically normal at autopsy), were studied. With increasing age, the valves showed marked thickening and loss of elasticity. Deposition of lipoids and calcification occur to a variable extent in the valvular tissue and rings; Valve size shows a change of minor degree, but tendon chords and papillary muscles shorten in old age. The diameters of the atria, mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic rings increase continuously up to the 9th decade of life. The width and length of the ventricles show minor alterations in size. In old age, heart weight increases.
Modified Integral Equation Method With Time-Varying Factors for Low-Frequency Ground-Wave Propagation Delay Prediction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A large amount of long-term measurements illustrate that the propagation delay of low-frequency (LF) ground-wave exhibits complex temporal variation properties. In this letter, we present a modified integral equation (IE) method to be capable of predicting the temporal variation of propagation delay. The modified method introduces suitable time-varying conductivity and refractivity models to characterize the temporal variation of propagation channel in terms of two aspects of ground and atmosphere. Comparisons between the modified method and experiment data along two actual propagation paths show good agreement. The effect of the time-varying factors controlling the conductivity and refractivity on propagation delay is further analyzed. It is found that compared to the refractivity, the time-varying factors in the conductivity have greater influence on the propagation delay.
The Nye Canyon Paleo Site: an Upper Montane Mixed Fluted Point, Clovis Blade, and Western Stemmed Tradition Assemblage in Western Nevada

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The place of the Clovis techno-complex in Great Basin culture history remains enigmatic, both in relation to the Western Stemmed Tradition – the dominant Paleoindian artifact complex in the Intermountain West – and to the range of late Pleistocene/early Holocene habitats that people employing Clovis toolkits utilized. Here we describe the Nye Canyon Paleo Site (26Ly930), located in the Pine Grove Hills in western Nevada. The Nye Canyon Paleo Site stands alone in the Great Basin because it contains both fluted points and Clovis-style blades alongside Western Stemmed Tradition points and other tools, sits at a relatively high elevation, and potentially contains buried cultural deposits. Recent test excavations failed to locate an intact buried Paleoindian component, but the Nye Canyon Paleo Site nevertheless demonstrates the use of Clovis and Western Stemmed technology at a single upper montane locality in the western Great Basin and highlights regional Paleoindian upper montane land use.
The Honors Difference: A Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis of the Social Influences Contributing to Academic Performance in Honors Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the impact that selected social aspects of the lives of Honors students have on Honor students’ level of academic performance. Honors programs and Honors colleges are proliferating at higher-education institutions across the nation at an astonishing rate (Seifert, Pascarella, & Colangelo 2007), yet research concerning Honors students is primarily limited to findings that confirm the high academic performance of Honors students (Cosgrove 2004). Utilizing data collected via survey from a sample of student members of an Honors program (n=125) at a mid-sized rural south university, a multivariate linear regression analysis measured the influence that choice social factors had on academic performance. Among the selected social factors were level of self-esteem, Honors housing status, the strength of the sense of community within Honors, strength of identification with Honors as a group, and the level of positive experiences with professors. The findings suggest that the strength of a student’s identification with Honors, as well as a student’s level of positive experiences with professors, are important components of an Honors student’s life which contribute to overall academic success. These findings are discussed through a symbolic interactionist lens and recommendations for future research are made accordingly.
Influence of Social Media Among Youths in Abuja Municipal and Bwari Area Councils of FCT, Abuja

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study, the “Influence of Social Media among youth in Abuja Municipal Area and Bwari Area Councils of FCT, Abuja” was carried out to investigate the way social media influences the youth in AMAC and Bwari Area Councils of FCT, Abuja. The study adopted quantitative survey design with the questionnaire used as the research instrument for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive method while univariate frequency distribution tables, percentages and SPSS were used as statistical tools for data collection. Finding of the study revealed that social media platforms are used among the youth to a great extent as majority of them make use of the platforms at least more than twice a day. In the use of the platforms, Facebook endears the youth more for use compared to other social media platforms. The use of social media, therefore, influences the behaviour of youth to a great extent by making them cultivate the habit of living a flamboyant lifestyle. Finding however, revealed that the use of social media is challenged majorly by high data charges from the network providers followed by poor network, while unstable power and activities of Internet scammers are other challenges in the use of the social media among the youth. The recommended that policy makers should benefit from the youth’s interest in the social media in general and the Facebook in particular by using the platforms in reaching out to them (youth) on relevant policies/programmes that can impact positively on their lives in particular and the society in general. It further charged the youth to dedicate more time on the social media for the activities beneficial to them rather than merely posting personal photos and videos which have minimal impacts on their lives. The study concluded that social media is used among the youth and its utilization by this group of the people has tremendous impact on their behavior
Immunohistochemical findings in jejunal specimens from patients with IgA deficiency.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jejunal biopsy specimens from 25 patients with IgA deficiency (IgAd) were studied immunohistochemically to find markers of inflammation. Five of the 25 patients had coeliac disease (CD): they were on a gluten free diet and had normal jejunal morphology. Only two of 15 specimens from control subjects had CD25+ cells in the surface epithelium, while this was seen in 19 out of 20 specimens from IgAd patients (p < 0.0001). A significant increase of CD25+ cells was also noted in the lamina propria of IgAd patients. The median percentage of crypt cells in mitosis (Ki67+ cells) was higher in the specimens from IgAd patients (26%) than in those from controls (13%, p < 0.001). The densities of gamma delta T cell receptor positive cells in the surface epithelium and lamina propria did not differ in the specimens from IgAd patients and those of controls nor was the expression of HLA class II antigens augmented in the surface epithelium. These findings were similar for the IgAd patients whether or not the patient had DQB 0201 allele, a genetic marker which is strongly associated with CD. The inadequacy of the local immunoglobulins in patients with IgAd may lead to increased T cell activation, which is accompanied by the appearance of intraepithelial CD25+ cells and with an increase in the mitotic rate in the crypts.
A Study on the Improvement Measures of Intellectual Property Tax Incentive Policy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

지식재산 조세지원제도 개선 방안 연구 노 민 선* Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 국내 지식재산 조세지원제도 변천과정 1. 기술이전소득에 대한 과세특례 2. 기술취득금액에 대한 세액공제 3. 기술유출방지 설비투자 세액공제 4. 직무발명보상금에 대한 소득세 비과세 Ⅲ. 해외 지식재산 조세지원제도 비교분석 1. 지식재산 관련 비용을 연구개발 조세지원 대상에 포함 2. 지식재산 관련 소득에 대한 조세지원(Patent Box) 3. 지식재산 기부시 조세지원 Ⅳ. 지식재산 조세지원 관련 주요 이슈 1. 지식재산권 출원 및 유지비용에 대한 조세지원 2. 기술이전•취득에 대한 조세지원 3. 직무발명보상금에 대한
Pathways influencing dental caries increment among children: A cohort study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Dentists should assess pathways influencing the increment of dental caries among children to guide the prevention and treatment of the disease. Aim Evaluate the pathways that influence the increment of carious lesions in pre‐school children. Design This is a 2‐year cohort study was conducted with a random sample of 639 pre‐school children in southern Brazil. Caries experience, socioeconomic status (SES), social capital, and psychosocial characteristics were obtained at baseline. Increment of dental caries was assessed at 2 years follow‐up in 467 children (cohort retention rate of 73.1%). Previously calibrated examiners assess the caries through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to test the pathways influencing dental caries increment. Results Dental caries at baseline was heavily influenced by children's age (SC: 0.381, P < .01), tooth plaque (SC: 0.077, P = .02), parent's perception child oral health (SC: 0.295, P < .01), and household (SC: 0.148, P < .01). Increment of dental caries was directly affected by dental caries at baseline (Standardized Coefficients [SC]: 0.377, P < .01). Indirect paths were not significant. Conclusions Dental caries experience was the main factor of direct influence on the increment of caries, reinforcing the theory of risk accumulation over time.
WARRANTED ASSERTIBILITY AND THE NORMS OF ASSERTORIC PRACTICE: WHY TRUTH AND WARRANTED ASSERTIBILITY ARE NOT COINCIDENT NORMS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Crispin Wright has argued that truth and warranted assertibility are coincident but non-co-extensive norms of assertoric practice and that this fact inflates deflationary theories of truth. Wright's inflationary argument has generated much discussion in the literature. By contrast, relatively little has been said about the coincidence claim that is the focus of this paper. Wright's argument for the claim that truth and warranted assertibility are coincident norms is first presented. It is then suggested that the argument trades on an ambiguity in ‘justified’ and ‘warrantedly assertible’. Finally, it is argued that, once the ambiguity is removed, there is reason to reject the claim that truth and epistemic warrant are coincident norms of assertoric practice. One important result is that no epistemic theory of truth can satisfy what Wright takes to be a key platitude about assertion.
Classification of endoleaks in the follow-up after EVAR using the time-to-peak of the contrast agent in CEUS examinations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of the classification of endoleaks following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using the time-to-peak of the contrast agent in CEUS examinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, a cohort of 171 patients with a total of 489 CEUS follow-up examinations after EVAR were included. In 254 of the 489 examinations, an endoleak was seen and the time-to-peak was measured in seconds. Existence of an endoleak was confirmed by CT as the gold standard. RESULTS: We evaluated 254 CEUS video sequences showing an endoleak out of a total of 489 examinations. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed with p = 0.001 differences between the single endoleak types based on the time to peak. Correction after Bonferroni showed significant differences between type Ia compared to Ib and to IIa over inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and IIa over lumbar artery (LA). There are also disparities between type Ib and type IIa IMA and type III, furthermore between type IIa IMA compared to IIa LA and type III as well as type IIa LA matched to type III. CONCLUSION: CEUS is an important method for the follow-up after EVAR. The time-to-peak does not seem to be a useful additional feature in classifying endoleaks, although there are differences between the time-to-peak of the single endoleak types and it is possible to make an order of the different endoleak types referring to the mean values.
The Fundamental Determinants of Financial Integration in the European Union

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the fundamental determinants of the degree of financial integration in the European Union over the period 1973-1993. Using closed interest differentials to measure the intensity of capital controls and applying a panel data approach, we find realized inflation rates, government deficits, current account deficits and credits to the domestic economy to be significantly positively correlated with the intensity of capital export restrictions. In addition, low productivity in the business sector and low availability of sophisticated deposit instruments are positively related to the intensity of capital export controls. Consequently, remaining differences in national economic and financial structures, should be of greater interest to policymakers.
Clinical features, presentation, and tolerance of platinum‐based chemotherapy in germ cell tumor patients 50 years of age and older

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Germ cell tumors (GCTs) primarily affect adolescent and young adult men. Detailed clinical and treatment characteristics in older men are lacking. METHODS Patients with GCT seen over a 20‐year period at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center were identified. Primary tumor site and histology were compared for patients aged ≥ 50 years at diagnosis versus younger men. For patients aged ≥ 50, individual chart review was performed and treatment delays, changes, and toxicities were recorded for those treated with first‐line chemotherapy. RESULTS Of 4235 diagnoses of GCT, 3999 (94.4%) were made at age < 50 versus 236 (5.6%) at age ≥ 50. Compared with patients diagnosed before age 50, older men more frequently had seminoma (62.7% versus 36.7%) and less frequently, nonseminoma (34.7% versus 63.2%) ( P < .0001). Predominant histology switched from nonseminoma to seminoma around age 35. Distribution of primary sites also differed for older versus younger men (testis: 89.4% versus 92.9%; retroperitoneal: 3.8% versus 0.7%; CNS 0% versus 1.7%) except for mediastinal primary tumors, which remained constant across age groups. Fifty patients age ≥ 50 received first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy; 30 experienced complications leading to treatment discontinuation, delay ≥ 7 days, or regimen change. Twenty‐two (44%) patients experienced neutropenic fever, 6 despite prophylactic growth factor support. Estimated 5‐year survival for chemotherapy‐treated patients was 84.9%. CONCLUSIONS Men aged ≥ 50 years comprise less than 10% of GCT diagnoses and have distinct clinical and histological characteristics as compared with younger patients. Although complications from chemotherapy occur frequently in older men, prognosis remains excellent when risk‐directed treatment is administered with curative intent. Cancer 2013;119:2574–2581 . © 2013 American Cancer Society .
Total Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics for large deformation problems considering Green–Naghdi stress rate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the integration of Green–Naghdi’s theory for large deformation elasto-plasticity with Total Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (TLSPH) to handle problems in structural dynamic simulations. While the finite element method often encounters challenges such as mesh distortion in large deformation scenarios, the meshless nature of TLSPH effectively handles complex large deformations and structural dynamics. By incorporating Green–Naghdi theory into TLSPH, the proposed method ensures symmetric stress tensors and mitigates spurious stresses by reducing unnecessary skew-symmetric stress components. Through the proposed method, large deformation problems are effectively managed. The method is validated through numerical examples and comparisons with commercial software and experimental data, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the large deformation behavior of materials.
Emission Spectra from Internal Shocks in Gamma-Ray Burst Sources

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Unsteady activity of gamma-ray burst sources leads to internal shocks in their emergent relativistic wind. We study the emission spectra from such shocks, assuming that they produce a power-law distribution of relativistic electrons and posses strong magnetic fields. The synchrotron radiation emitted by the accelerated electrons is Compton up-scattered multiple times by the same electrons. A substantial component of the scattered photons acquires high energies and produces e+e- pairs. The pairs transfer back their kinetic energy to the radiation through Compton scattering. The generic spectral signature from pair creation and multiple Compton scattering is highly sensitive to the radius at which the shock dissipation takes place and to the Lorentz factor of the wind. The entire emission spectrum extends over a wide range of photon energies, from the optical regime up to TeV energies. For reasonable values of the wind parameters, the calculated spectrum is found to be in good agreement with the burst spectra observed by BATSE.
Effect of Self-talking and Determination on Performance in Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We are guided by our thoughts and determination. The problem of the present study was to investigate whether there is any effect of self-talking and determination on enhancing performance. The current study aimed to ascertain whether future performance is impacted by self-talking and determination. We hypothesized that in order to improve performance, self-talking and determination are beneficial. We selected 28 students from class VI and then randomly divided them into experimental and control groups. We taught the experimental participants how to apply self-talking and determination positively. Then both groups were given some tasks such as handwriting, drawing, and talking about themselves. We found that the mean scores of times spent in performance for experimental and control groups were 631.50 seconds and 521.50 seconds, respectively, which differed significantly at the .046 (α=.05) level with a t-value of 2.09 (df=26). We came to the conclusion that self-talking and determination have a favorable impact on improving performance because the experimental group performed for a significantly longer time than the control group. Bioresearch Commu. 10(2): 1553-1556, 2024 (July)
Impacts of security initiatives implementation on the maritime industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Maritime security has existed ever since the emergence of maritime trade. Its importance has been emphasized after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001. The vulnerability of the maritime trade to be used as a mode of transporting terrorists and mass destructive weapons were discussed and seen in a few incidents. Both the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the United States have implemented mandatory as well as voluntary maritime security initiatives to make the flow of maritime trade more secure. Hence, impacts of the implementation of maritime security initiatives faced by many shipping community were widely discussed in the industry.
Quine and Wittgenstein : Similarities and Common Misconceptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Quine and late Wittgenstein have often found themselves being compared for similarities and dissimilarities, we can attribute the allure of this subject to both philosophers being similar advocates of holism and epistemological relativity despite taking on different subject matters. Pieranna Garavaso attempted an inquiry of this type, where she compares Quine’s view on holism, relying mainly on “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”, with Wittgenstein’s On Certainty. Garavaso shows in her essay that there is a high level of correspondence between On Certainty and “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” but ultimately concludes that despite any actual agreement between Quine and Wittgenstein, their views end up ultimately incompatible. I will argue that this is wrong; Quine’s conception of holism, and Wittgenstein’s conception of holism found in On Certainty are compatible, and even complementary. I will begin my text by giving a short presentation of Quine’s “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”. I will then raise the similarities, and dissimilarities between the two texts before giving my final argument against the supposed conflict between them.
A Power Maxwell Distribution with Heavy Tails and Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we introduce a distribution which is an extension of the power Maxwell distribution. This new distribution is constructed based on the quotient of two independent random variables, the distributions of which are the power Maxwell distribution and a function of the uniform distribution (0,1) respectively. Thus the result is a distribution with greater kurtosis than the power Maxwell. We study the general density of this distribution, and some properties, moments, asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients. Maximum likelihood and moments estimators are studied. We also develop the expectation–maximization algorithm to make a simulation study and present two applications to real data.