jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An unadjuvanted model for oral immunization revealing complex regulatory control of gut IgA responses to soluble protein

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have identified a unique mouse model in which oral immunization with soluble protein, without a potent mucosal adjuvant, is highly effective at stimulating strong gut IgA responses. In fact, cholera toxin (CT), which is the gold standard for oral adjuvants, did not enhance the gut IgA response to ovalbumin (OVA) in this model. As we dissected the mechanism allowing for an unadjuvanted strong gut IgA response we found that adoptively transferred OVA-peptide-specific TCR Tg DO11.10 CD4 T cells into nude Balb/c mice were sufficient to promote the gut IgA response. However, only CD4 T cells with a rearranged TCR a-chain, reactive to unknown, but possibly microbial, antigens in the gut, were effective, because SCID DO11.10 CD4 T cells failed to support a gut IgA response. Co-transfer of wild-type CD4 T cells with DO11.10 CD4 T cells into nude Balb/c hosts completely obliterated the response, but not if the CD4 T cells were isolated from IL-10−/− mice. Hence, the gut IgA response was under strict regulatory CD4 T cell control. By contrast, if CT adjuvant was admixed with OVA we completely rescued the gut IgA response following oral immunization. Thus, oral CT adjuvant primarily exerted a modulating effect on the regulatory CD4 T cell control in Peyer’s patches (PP), impacting on the balance between follicular helper and regulatory T cells. While both Th17 and CD25+ Tregs, have been claimed sufficient for supporting gut IgA responses, our model clearly suggests that the regulatory environment in PP is more complex, as will be discussed.
NITROGLYCERIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Nitroglycerin and nitrates have long been contraindi‐cated in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction because of the possibility of an undesirable decrease in arterial blood pressure and the induction of cardiogenic shock. Nowadays nitroglycerin seems to be indicated at least in subgroups of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Intravenous nitroglycerin reduce left ventricular filling pressure up to 40% within several minutes. The effect is most pronounced if filling pressure is elevated. There is no decrease in arterial pressure with low dosage nitroglycerin and a 10 % decrease with higher dosages. Cardiac output and stroke volume were found to increase following nitroglycerin application in patients with left ventricular failure. This may be due to the improved regional ventricular function in areas with decreased coronary flow. A slight, but significant decrease in cardiac output was found in patients not in failure. Nitroglycerin seems to be the drug of choice in acute pulmonary edema, because of its internal bloodletting effect. Following sublingual nitroglycerin, left ventricular filling pressure decreased within 3–5 minutes in conjunction with clinical improvement of the patient. High blood pressure in such patients is largely reduced. — Nitroglycerin, therefore, seems to be applicable even in patients with acute and marked arterial hypertension. Clinical improvement was evident in patients with dyspnea or pain following myocardial infarction. The need for morphine was reduced. Myocardial ischemia as assessed by electrocardiographic ST‐segment elevation improved following application of nitroglycerin. This effect is more pronounced in patients with left ventricular failure. In a randomized prospective study, 31 patients received intravenous nitroglycerin at least for 2 days and were compared to 29 patients with no specific therapy. CK and CKMB infarct size was 30 % less than in the control group. Even with nitroglycerin administration 8 hours after the onset of symptoms, CK and CKMB activities were significantly reduced. Preliminary results showed early mortality to be reduced in patients receiving nitroglycerin; The rate of reinfarction also was lower. The incidence of angina pectoris 1 1/2 years after the infarct, however, was higher in patients receiving nitroglycerin therapy initially. Following infarct size reduction more ischemic myocardium remains, possible indication for further therapy such as bypass surgery. The improvement in myocardial ischemia seems to be the reason for the reduction in ventricular ectopic beats during treatment. The need for lidocaine was markedly reduced. Even bradycardia seems to be improved, since the use for atropine was only half that for the control patients. These results provide evidence that nitroglycerin and nitrates appear to be indicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, especially in those with left ventricular failure.
Restriction enzyme mediated integration and FIV lentiviral transgenesis applied to amphibians

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI) transgenesis and lentiviral transgenesis are effective methods of introducing transgenes into the genome of frogs. One aquatic amphibian species, Xenopus laevis, and one land dwelling species, Litoria caerulea, were chosen as subjects for transgenesis. REMI produced X. laevis that expressed the fluorescent protein DsRed. REMI was unsuccessful in producing transgenic Litoria. Therefore, lentiviral transgenesis was attempted. Hatchling Litoria tadpoles were exposed to replication defective lentiviral particles containing the coding sequence for DsRed. Histological evaluation revealed the presence of DsRed in brain, heart, liver, kidney, and muscle tissues. Therefore, lentiviral transgenesis appears to be a viable technique for producing transgenic land-dwelling frogs. Key words: DsRed, Xenopus laevis, Litoria caerulea, restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI), Lentivirus.
An observed pressor effect of the cerebellum during endotoxin shock in the dog

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The current study investigates the possibility that the cerebellum may be involved in the regulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) during endotoxin shock in the anesthetized dog. The effect of intravenously injected Escherichia coli endotoxin on MAP in the cerebellectomized dog was compared to that observed in the intact animal. Even though removal of the cerebellum did not significantly affect MAP in a control group, the cerebellectomized animal (unlike the intact animal) was unable to recover from the initial hypotension typically seen immediately following an intravenous endotoxin injection. Previous investigators have demonstrated that stimulation of fastigial nuclei in the cerebellum increases MAP via beta-adrenergic activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Captopril (SQ 14,225, an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor) was used to determine whether this system could be responsible for the maintenance of MAP during endotoxin shock. When continuously infused into the intact dog given endotoxin, captopril suppressed MAP to a level similar to that of the cerebellectomized group. A similar response pattern to endotoxin was also observed in animals with a spinal transection at C2.
Phase I Inspection Report. National Dam Safety Program. Doughty Pond Upper Atlantic County, New Jersey.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report cites results of a technical investigation as to the dam's adequacy. The inspection and evaluation of the dam is as prescribed by the National Dam Inspection Act, Public Law 92-367. The technical investigation includes visual inspection, review of available design and construction records, and preliminary structural and hydraulic and hydrologic calculations, as applicable. An assessment of the dam's general condition is included in the report. (Author)
LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY PLACEMENT: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PROPOFOL AND THIOPENTONE SODIUM IN THE DAY CASE SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) placement is now considered a common airway management practice. Although there are many studies which focus on various airway techniques, research regarding difficult LMA placement is limited, particularly for anesthesiologist trainees OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) placement after induction with propofol or thiopentone in one hundred day case urological patients. METHODS: An analytical, non interventional, cross sectional comparative study. Patients were divided into Group A (Propofol Group n=50) received propofol (2.5mg/kg) and Group B (Thiopentone group n=50) received thiopentone sodium (4-6 mg/kg) IV. Management of anaesthesia was identical in both groups. Standard monitoring was including NIBP, pulse oxymetery and ECG was done. Co-induction with done with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg body weight. LMA was inserted after adequate level of anaesthesia and then assessed. The presence of gaging, coughing, laryngospasm and movement were noted , recorded by a colleague anaesthetist who entered the induction room during the two minutes assisted ventilation phase and was not aware of the type of induction agent. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 10. The mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Frequency of subjects was calculated for gender Lund and stovner assessment scheme. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Thiopentone was associated with an adverse response in 76% of patients, compared with propofol in 26% (p<0.01). Head movement, Laryngospasm, inadequate jaw relaxation were more common using thiopentone (p<0.05). The quality of anaesthesia according to patients was significantly higher in the propofol group (Group A, 80%) than in thiopentone group (Group B, 30%). CONCLUSION: Adverse responses in Group A were less than Group B. Propofol, therefore is superior to thiopentone as an induction agent for laryngeal mask airway.
Ayurvedic Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - A Single Case Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function. The kidneys play a vital role in eliminating waste, regulating fluids, electrolytes, and blood pressure, and producing red blood cells. Globally, CKD affects more than 10% of the population and often leads to end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis or transplantation both of which are expensive and not always successful. Case Presentation: A 73-year-old male presented with complaints of frequent and frothy urination, fatigue, swelling, disturbed sleep, and a history of uncontrolled hypertension. Laboratory tests revealed elevated serum creatinine and a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), indicating stage 3b CKD. Intervention: The patient was managed at Jeevalaya Ayurveda Retreat LLP, Bengaluru, using Ayurvedic formulations including Guluchyadi Kashaya, Punarnavadi Mandoora, Neeri KFT syrup, and supportive in-house preparations. Treatment was complemented with a CKD-specific diet and lifestyle regimen. Clinical progress was tracked using serum creatinine, eGFR, hemoglobin, and blood glucose levels. Outcome: Over five months, significant improvements were recorded, including reduced serum creatinine, improved eGFR, and better overall well-being. Thus, it can be concluded that Ayurvedic approaches are helpful to manage CKD.
coordinates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Using a Newtonian model of the Solar System with all 8 planets, we perform extensive tests on various symplectic integrators of high orders, searching for the best splitting scheme for long term studies in the Solar System. These comparisons are made in Jacobi and heliocentric coordinates and the implementation of the algorithms is fully detailed for practical use. We conclude that high order integrators should be privileged, with a preference for the new (10, 6, 4) method of Blanes et al. (2013).
Minos and the moderns: Cretan myth in twentieth-century literature and art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1. Introduction: The Modernization of Myth 2. Europa and the Bull: Sex, Society, and Politics 3. The Minotaur: The Beast Within and the Threat Outside 81 4. The Other Cretans: Alienation, Invention, Liberation 146 5. Conclusion: The Modernity of Myth NOTES INDEX
The additional role of stromal vascular fraction combined with autologous fat grafting in reconstruction following surgical treatment of breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent oncological disease among women. Surgical treatment often requires subsequent reconstruction, but implant-based approaches can lead to scar deformities, soft tissue deficiency, and asymmetry. Autologous fat grafting enhanced with stromal vascular fraction represents a promising solution for correcting these complications. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stromal vascular fraction-enriched autologous fat grafting in improving scar quality, correcting tissue defects, and maintaining graft volume in hybrid breast reconstruction. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 38 patients with stage I–III breast cancer who were evaluated and treated at University Clinical Hospital No. 4 (Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow). Following surgical intervention (radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with radical resection). Participants were divided into a stromal vascular fraction group (n = 18) and control group (n = 20). Evaluations at 3, 6, and 12 months assessed adipose layer thickness, scar quality using the POSAS scale, and degree of asymmetry correction. Results. The stromal vascular fraction group demonstrated significantly better fat graft retention at 6 months (1.4 ± 0.2 cm versus 1.0 ± 0.2 cm in controls, p < 0.05). No procedure-related complications were observed in either group. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that stromal vascular fraction-enriched autologous fat grafting improves long-term reconstruction outcomes, supporting its use as an effective adjuvant technique in breast reconstruction.
Solvolysis rates in aqueous–organic mixed solvents. IX. Solvolysis of dichloroacetate ion in water–methanol solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics of the alkaline solvolysis of dichloroacetate ion in water–methanol solutions have been studied in the temperature range of 50.0 to 65.0 °C and the influence of solvent variation on reaction rate has been examined in terms of changes in the activation parameters. The activation parameters ΔH ≠ and ΔS ≠ for the solvolysis reaction showed a minimum at about 0.8 water mole fraction. The significance of the results was discussed in view of the electrostatic theory and the changing of solvent structure.
Consequences of Antenatal Inflammation and Postnatal Steroids for Cardiac Growth and Maturation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preterm infants are born at a time when the heart is developmentally immature and has to adapt quickly to postnatal life. This thesis highlights the complexity of the effects of preterm birth on the heart and investigates the consequences of antenatal inflammation and postnatal steroid exposure in the preterm infant for the development and maturation of the immature heart. The findings from this thesis show how preterm birth and factors associated with preterm birth lead to adaptive changes in heart growth and thus, highlight the importance of monitoring the lifelong cardiac health of individuals born preterm.
Analysis of Community Structure of Microbes and Functional Microbes in Fen-flavor Xiaoqu Liquor

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The community structure of microbes and functional microbes in Fen-flavor Xiaoqu liquor were analyzed through the combination of PCR-DGGE and culturing-dependent methods.It was found that dominant microbial species in Xiaoqu were almost the same as that in fermented grains,there was no evident change in the composition of microbes in fermented grains in different seasons,however,there was certain difference in the growth and the decline for microbes.Lactic acid bacteria and bacillus were the main bacteria groups in Xiaoqu but played little roles in the formation of Xiaoqu styles and Xiaoqu flavor.Yeasts mainly included Saccharomycopsis fibuligera,Pichia anomala,Issatchenkia orientalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The role of S.cerevisiae was to produce ethanol,the role of Sp.Fibuligera,P.anomala,and I.orientalis was to produce esters.The varieties of mould were comparatively less and Rhizopus oryzae was the predominant saccharifying mould.
Ultra Wideband Wireless Communication on the Base of Noise Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The process of ultra wideband (UWB) data transmission on the base of noise continuous waveforms is considered. The new method of code spectral modulation is proposed for data insertion onto noise continuous carrier. The spectral compression of received ultra wideband waveforms is performed by means of double spectral processing. Experimental results of quadrature correlation measurements in 3.1-4.1 GHz frequency range with successive selection of transmitting data are discussed.
Spontaneous micro-modification of single-layer graphene induced by femtosecond laser irradiation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Permanent micro-modifications in single-layer graphene with a spontaneous periodic structural change have been induced by femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation. These modifications present a regular variation along the radial direction from a central ablated region. Based on the obtained micro-Raman spectrum and the reflective micro-spectrum of laser-irradiated graphene, structural modification with periodic variations containing several spectral regimes has been observed, which was in good agreement with periodic topography of the structure observed using an atomic force microscope. It has also been found that several regions of the laser induced structures were with different optical properties, which were identified to be correlated with different modification mechanisms. In addition, after fs laser processing, graphene still maintains crystallinity. This work may be helpful for the development of graphene-based microstructures or devices by fs laser pulses.
Techniques and Protocols for Acquisition and Display of Contrast-Enhanced CT Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) studies of the coronary arteries were performed first to visualize the vessel lumen and to achieve an angiographic-like presentation of the coronary arteries in combination with 3D postprocessing methods (). Because short exposure times are essential for coronary CT angiography (CTA), investigations initially were performed with electron beam CT (EBCT) scanners. These dedicated cardiac CT scanners were originally designed to measure myocardial perfusion (). For morphological assessment of cardiac structures, a restrictive scan protocol with EBCT allows for 100-ms exposure time, 3-mm slice thickness, and 130-kVp, 630-mA electron-gun power. The acquisition of every single slice is triggered prospectively by the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal at the end systolic phase of the cardiac cycle.
Effect of flooding on four citrus rootstocks (two sour oranges (Citrus aurantium L.) and two citranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf])

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of flooded soil on chlorophyll content and vegetative growth were studied in four potted six months–old citrus rootstock seedlings: Citrus aurantium L. var gou tou (GT), Moroccan sour orange (C. aurantium L.) (SO), Troyer (CT) and Carrizo (CC) citrange (C. sinensis (L.) Osb.xPoncirus trifoliata L.). Each rootstock seedling was grown in a black plastic bag in a greenhouse at El Menzeh, INRA Morocco. Plants were submitted outdoors to four treatments: T0, not flooded (control); and three flood treatments by submerging pots in 10L containers filled with tap water; during 3 (T1), 6 (T2) and 60 (T3) days. For each rootstock, stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves were measured in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Root and shoot dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content were measured at the end of the experiment. After 60 days, relative growth, number of leaves, plant height, fresh total biomass, dry total biomass and leaf chlorophyll content had significantly decreased by flooding (respectively by 50%, 30%, 50%, 47%, 42% and 58%). Our study shows that the CC and CT rootstocks were the most-tolerant to flooding. The latter seedlings grew better and accumulated more chlorophyll and dry biomass, and had a higher number of leaves than the other seedlings in different flood stress treatments. Results indicate that Carrizo and Troyer citrange are more appropriate rootstocks than Gou-Tou and Moroccan SO to tolerate occasional soil flooding situations.
A mini review: Potential synergy of cacao leaves and cinnamon bark as a functional tea

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cacao leaves tea is an increasingly popular drink, especially among tea lovers. Cacao leaves provide a distinctive taste and aroma. Traditionally cacao tea has been used as a herbal drink to help treat fevers, stomach aches and even coughs. The bioactive compound in cacao leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help in the healing process. Cinnamon is a spice that is widely used in food to enhance taste and aroma. It has a high antioxidant content and has many health benefits, including being an anti-diabetic. The aim of writing this article is to explain the potential synergy of cacao leaves with the addition of cinnamon as a functional drink in terms of nutritional composition and bioactive compounds contained in both. In the current era of globalization, increasing levels of free radicals have driven an increase in the need for bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Consuming antioxidants obtained from cacao leaves – cinnamon tea, is expected to help reduce oxidative stress and potentially provide beneficial health effects. It was found that cacao leaves tea with the addition of cinnamon bark has potential as a functional drink because it contains bioactive compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids in significant concentrations.
Finite element analysis for prediction of thermal conductivity of composites with high packing ratios of particles using representative volume element models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity offer new possibilities for thermal management in electric systems. The objective this paper is to develop the prediction method of the thermal conductivity of polymer composites with high packing ratios of fillers. Fillers were spherical alumina and boron nitride with platelet shape. Measurements of thermal conductivity of polymer composites using steady state method and finite element analysis for thermal conductivity using representative volume element (RVE) models of polymer composites were carried out. The analytical thermal conductivity of multi-scale RVE models increased with increasing homogenization numbers and volume fraction alumina. When contacts between fillers were considered in RVE models, the finite element analysis results and experimental results were in good agreement.