jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unions of Subspaces for Data Modeling and Subspace Clustering

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Signals and data are often modeled as vectors belonging to a subspace of a Hilbert space (or Banach space)ℋ, e.g., bandlimited signals. However, nonlinear subsets can also serve as signal model, e.g., signals with finite rate of innovation or sparse signals. Discovering the model from data observations is a fundamental task. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the problem of learning a nonlinear model of the form \(\mathcal{M} = {\cup }_{i=1}^{l}{V }_{i}\) from a set of observations \(\mathbf{F} =\{ {f}_{1},\ldots ,{f}_{m}\}\), where the V i are the unknown subspaces to be found. Learning this nonlinear model from observed data has applications to computer vision and signal processing and is connected to several areas of mathematics. In this chapter we give a brief description of the theoretical as well as the applied aspects related to this type of nonlinear modeling in terms of unions of subspaces.
The Effect of Inversion on the Anger Superiority Effect in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous studies have demonstrated that angry faces capture humans' attention more rapidly than emotionally positive faces.This phenomenon is referred to as the anger superiority effect (ASE).Despite atypical emotional processing, adults and children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have been reported to show ASE as well as typically developed (TD) individuals.In this study, we tested ASE in children with and without ASD using upright/ inverted schematic faces to explore the face-processing style employed by them during detection of emotional faces.The results revealed that faster detection of angry faces over happy faces was observed in both TD and ASD children.Interestingly, however, the effect was stronger in children with ASD compared to TD children when faces were inverted.These findings suggest that different face-processing style would be employed or different mechanisms of emotional processing would underlie the quick detection of angry faces in children with and without ASD.
Improving the School Context of Early Adolescence Through Teacher Attunement to Victimization: Effects on School Belonging

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the effects of teacher attunement to victimization on student perceptions of the bullying culture of their schools as a means of fostering a sense of belonging among early adolescents. Participants (n = 1,264) in sixth grade reported on the frequency that they had been bullied, and teachers were asked to report students who were “picked on.” Teacher attunement represented the correspondence between self-identified and teacher-identified victims. Attunement at the beginning of the school year was related to positive changes in student reports that their peers would intervene in bullying; in turn, sense of belonging was greater when students perceived that their peers would intervene in bullying. Teacher attunement was indirectly related to greater belonging through its impact on student perceptions of the bullying context.
Aerosol Inoculator for Exposure of Human Volunteers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The performance of an aerosol inoculator for human volunteers is described in tests that used the PR8 strain of type A influenza virus and sodium fluorescein as a physical tracer. Virus recovery from the aerosols was approximately 1% and was unaffected by such variables as prolonged aerosolization, total airflow, relative humidity, or method of sampling. The recovery of sodium fluorescein from the aerosol was approximately 12% and was influenced by total airflow rates and relative humidity. With this apparatus, it should be possible to deliver reasonably predictable and measurable doses of respiratory viruses to human subjects. The design makes it possible to dismantle the inoculator into its component parts to facilitate portability.
New Repair and Rehabilitation Technologies for Masonry Buildings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an alternative means for reinforcing masonry structural systems in buildings located within seismically active regions. Masonry structural members are reinforced and/or confined with polymer grids, rather than conventional strengthening elements such as reinforced concrete (RC) or steel. Special qualities of the grid reinforcement promote ductile behavior of the masonry system and help realize its potential for high strength. The technical characteristics of the reinforcement and masonry components are described, after which rules are given for application to new, damaged and historical buildings. Laboratory test results validate the proposed reinforcing strategies for various structural systems, while the existing database supports various conceptual designs. The new reinforcing method is easily applied and economical.
Edward Rudolph reading a sheet of paper while leading marchers down a street in Prattville, Alabama, during a demonstration sponsored by the Autauga County Improvement Association.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The march was briefly mentioned on page 1 of The Southern Courier for July 8-9, 1967. The issue is available online (not on the ADAH website): http://www.southerncourier.org/low-res/Vol3_No28_1967_07_08.pdf
The Dynamics of P Granule Liquid Droplets Are Regulated by theCaenorhabditis elegansGermline RNA Helicase GLH-1 via Its ATP Hydrolysis Cycle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Germ granules, also known as P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans, are phase-separated cellular bodies that are frequently found at the perinuclear region of germ cell nuclei in various animals. However... P granules are phase-separated liquid droplets that play important roles in the maintenance of germ cell fate in Caenorhabditis elegans. Both the localization and formation of P granules are highly dynamic, but mechanisms that regulate such processes remain poorly understood. Here, we show evidence that the VASA-like germline RNA helicase GLH-1 couples distinct steps of its ATPase hydrolysis cycle to control the formation and disassembly of P granules. In addition, we found that the phenylalanine-glycine-glycine repeats in GLH-1 promote its localization at the perinucleus. Proteomic analyses of the GLH-1 complex with a GLH-1 mutation that interferes with P granule disassembly revealed transient interactions of GLH-1 with several Argonautes and RNA-binding proteins. Finally, we found that defects in recruiting the P granule component PRG-1 to perinuclear foci in the adult germline correlate with the fertility defects observed in various GLH-1 mutants. Together, our results highlight the versatile roles of an RNA helicase in controlling the formation of liquid droplets in space and time.
Challenging Return to Play Decisions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Sports medicine providers frequently return athletes to play after sports-related injuries and conditions. Many of these conditions have guidelines or medical evidence to guide the decision-making process. Occasionally, however, sports medicine providers are challenged with complex medical conditions for which there is little evidence-based guidance and physicians are instructed to individualize treatment; included in this group of conditions are exertional heat stroke (EHS), exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER), and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait (ECAST). Evidence Acquisition: The MEDLINE (2000-2015) database was searched using the following search terms: exertional heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. References from consensus statements, review articles, and book chapters were also utilized. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: These entities are unique in that they may cause organ system damage capable of leading to short- or long-term detriments to physical activity and may not lend to complete recovery, potentially putting the athlete at risk with premature return to play. Conclusion: With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of EHS, ER, and ECAST and the factors associated with recovery, better decisions regarding return to play may be made.
A follow-up study of coronary bypass patients without patent grafts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A series of 295 coronary bypass patients who had early and late postoperative coronary angiography included 6 cases (2%) whose grafts had all become occluded. These patients were followed up using both functional classification and repeated exercise testing. In three patients the functional classification improved early after surgery (less than or equal to 1 year) with improved exercise capacity in two. Two of these patients had perioperative myocardial infarction. During follow-up (3--8 years after surgery) only one of the patients who improved initially retained the improved capacity. There were three deaths. It is concluded that some unsuccessfully revascularized patients exhibit initial improvement which is only exceptionally maintained over longer periods. The likely explanation for pain relief is perioperative myocardial infarction.
Sesamin Ameliorates Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the direct modulators of β-cells, have been shown to cause insulin-producing β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis through increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Sesamin has been demonstrated to possess antioxidative activity. This study was designed to investigate whether sesamin protects against AGEs-evoked β-cell damage via its antioxidant property. The effects of sesamin were examined in C57BL/6J mice and MIN6 cell line. In in vivo studies, mice were intraperitoneally injected with AGEs (120 mg/kg) and orally treated with sesamin (160 mg/kg) for four weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin releasing tests were performed. Insulin content, ROS generation and β-cell apoptosis in pancreatic islets were also measured. In in vitro studies, MIN6 cells were pretreated with sesamin (50 or 100 μM) and then exposed to AGEs (200 mg/L) for 24 h. Insulin secretion, β-cell death, ROS production as well as expression and activity of NADPH oxidase were determined. Sesamin treatment obviously ameliorated AGE-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. These effects were associated with decreased ROS production, down-regulated expression of p67phox and p22phox, and reduced NADPH oxidase activity. These results suggest that sesamin protects β-cells from damage caused by AGEs through suppressing NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress.
The cause of the within-language Stroop superiority effect and its implications

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the causes for the within-language Stroop superiority effect (WLSSE; larger Stroop effect for words appearing in the response language than in another language). Participants named in their first language (L1) or second language (L2) the colour of colour-words or colour-associated words appearing in L1 or in L2. The WLSSE was limited for colour-words. It was concluded that for colour-words, the cause for the WLSSE is that words appearing in the within-language condition belong to the response set, whereas words in the between-language condition do not. This finding challenges previous suggestions that a nonrelevant stimulus language can be suppressed.
Reviewing Pakistan’s Import Demand Function:A Time-Series Analysis, 1970–2010

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the conventional import demand function for Pakistan using time-series data sourced from the World Development Indicators for the period 1970 to 2010. Using a vector error correction model and impulse response functions, we show that, for the given period, relative prices and income lose their significance as long-run determinants of import demand. This indicates the need for additional determinants. We compare the residuals of the conventional import demand function with those of a model that includes the terms of trade and foreign exchange availability (in addition to the conventional parameters) as determinants of import demand, and find that the latter largely resolves much of what is nondeterministic in the former model. The paper also explores the peculiar trend of a falling imports-to-GDP ratio (from the 1980s to the 2000s), which is unusual for a developing country. In a subsidiary regression analysis for this period, we argue that falling net capital inflows explain this persistent fall in the imports-to-GDP ratio. The recovery thereafter, when Pakistan started catching up with other developing economies, may have been responsible for the 2008 balance-of-payments crisis.
Second and Third Virial Coefficients for n-Hexane and Its Isomers.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecond and Third Virial Coefficients for n-Hexane and Its Isomers.Richard G. Griskey, Lawrence N. Canjar, and Charles W. StueweCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1963, 8, 3, 341–342Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (181 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Association Between Military Sexual Trauma and Use of VA and Non-VA Health Care Services Among Female Veterans With Military Service in Iraq or Afghanistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Military sexual trauma (MST) has been linked with increased rates of mental health disorders among veterans. Few studies have addressed how MST is related to use of VA and non-VA health care. The purpose of the current study was to (a) examine the association between MST, combat experiences, and mental health outcomes (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and depression) and (b) examine the association of MST and use of VA and non-VA health care services among female veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Female respondents to a survey assessing Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans’ needs and health ( N = 185) completed measures of demographic variables, military history, combat exposure, MST, PTSD, and depression symptoms, and use of VA and non-VA health care. Overall, 70% of the sample experienced one or more combat-related experiences and 15.7% endorsed MST during deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. MST and combat exposure were both positively associated with PTSD and depression symptoms even after controlling for the effects of demographic and military history variables. MST was associated with increased use of VA mental health services in bivariate results but was not independently related to VA service utilization after accounting for PTSD and depression symptoms. Approximately half of the women who reported MST had not used VA health care. Continued outreach and education initiatives may be needed to ensure veterans understand the resources available to address MST-related mental and physical health problems through the VA.
Ferdinand Magellan's Circumnavigation: Revolutionizing Global Navigation, Trade, and Cultural Exchange

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ferdinand Magellan's first circumnavigation of the globe marked a pivotal moment in worldwide exploration, profoundly shaping navigation, geography, and trade. This study examines the motivations behind Magellan's voyage, focusing on the strategic and economic significance of the Moluccas, and explores how the expedition revolutionized European understanding of global geography. Utilizing primary sources, particularly Antonio Pigafetta's detailed accounts, the research highlights Magellan's journey's contributions to cartography, the establishment of new trade routes, and the cultural exchanges between Europeans and indigenous peoples. The findings underscore the expedition's role in enhancing global trade networks and expanding scientific knowledge, paving the way for future explorations and integrating a globalized world.
Implementing the Mission-Funded Naval Shipyard: A Case Study on Change Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This thesis seeks to determine how the naval shipyards could better implement mission funding after having worked extensively under a Working Capital Fund structure. Several principles exist in current management literature that can be applied to this change at the naval shipyards. Of these principles, six recurring guidelines for successful change management and an organizational open-systems framework are used to provide guidelines for shipyard change managers. The transition of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard provided a case study for applying this managerial theory. The six guidelines of change management were found to have applications for the case study, revealing the need for a clear vision statement, a leadership core, communication on multiple levels, attention to change inertia, and rewards for change behavior during a transformation. Furthermore, six key factors for success at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard provided additional guidelines for future transitioning shipyards, promoting command-level attention to mission funding issues, making a commitment to best practices, developing a specific timetable of milestones, seeking alternative sources of funding, performing functional area assessments, and developing and employing desk procedures.
Synchrotron Radiation Based Study of the Catalytic Mechanism of Ag+ to Chalcopyrite Bioleaching by Mesophilic and Thermophilic Cultures

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The catalytic mechanism of Ag+ for chalcopyrite bioleaching by mesophilic culture (at 30 °C) and thermophilic culture (at 48 °C) was investigated using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and S K-edge and Fe L-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Bioleaching experiments showed that copper extraction from chalcopyrite bioleaching by both cultures was promoted significantly by Ag+, with more serious corrosion occurring on the minerals surface. SR-XRD and XANES analyses showed that the intermediates S0, jarosite and secondary minerals (bornite, chalcocite and covellite) formed for all bioleaching experiments. For these secondary minerals, the formation of bornite and covellite was promoted significantly in the presence of Ag+ for both cultures, while Ag+ has almost no effect on the formation of chalcocite. These results provided insight into the catalytic mechanisms of Ag+ to chalcopyrite bioleaching by the mesophilic and thermophilic cultures, which are both probably due to the rapid formation of bornite by Ag+ and the conversion of bornite to covellite.
The Affective Affordance of Motionscape

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Visual artists and designers often employ the extensive compositions of visual forms and motion to construct abstract motionscapes. While abstract motionscapes are often employed for the evocation of affective experience in many recent interactive environments, little work has been done to correlate the two. In this thesis research, two empirical studies were conducted to investigate how various fundamental properties of motionscapes influence viewer affective experience. Sixty university students were recruited to give self-reports on the affective experience of a number of motionscape primitives. Results showed that basic motionscape properties such as speed, direction, path curvature, shape, and scale, all had significant impacts on the affective experience of the tested motionscape primitives. The display conditions under which motionscape primitives were presented, were also found crucial for the motionscape expressiveness. Based on these findings, we envision the emerging principles and directions of the motionscape design for affective visualization within the interactive environments.
Likelihood of Bacterial Infection in Patients Treated With Broad-Spectrum IV Antibiotics in the Emergency Department*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Best practice guidelines and quality metrics recommend immediate antibiotic treatment for all patients with suspected sepsis. However, little is known about how many patients given IV antibiotics in the emergency department are ultimately confirmed to have bacterial infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: We performed a retrospective study of adult patients who presented to four Massachusetts emergency departments between June 2015 and June 2018 with suspected serious bacterial infection, defined as blood cultures drawn and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics administered. Structured medical record reviews were performed on a random sample of 300 cases to determine the post hoc likelihood of bacterial infection, categorized as definite, likely, unlikely, or definitely none. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 300 patients with suspected serious bacterial infections, mean age was 68 years ( sd 18), median hospital length of stay was 5 days (interquartile range, 3–8 d), 45 (15%) were admitted directly to ICU, and 14 (5%) died in hospital. Overall, 196 (65%) had definite ( n = 115; 38%) or likely ( n = 81; 27%) bacterial infection, whereas 104 (35%) were unlikely ( n = 55; 18%) or definitely not infected ( n = 49; 16%). Antibiotic treatment durations differed by likelihood of infection (median 15 days for definite, 9 for likely, 7 for unlikely, and 3 for definitely not infected). The most frequent post hoc diagnoses in patients with unlikely or definitely no bacterial infection included viral infections (28%), volume overload or cardiac disease (9%), drug effects (9%), and hypovolemia (7%). The likelihoods of infection were similar in the subset of 96 cases in whom emergency department providers explicitly documented possible or suspected sepsis and in the 45 patients admitted from the emergency department to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: One third of patients empirically treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in the emergency department are ultimately diagnosed with noninfectious or viral conditions. These findings underscore the difficulty diagnosing serious infections in the emergency department and have important implications for guidelines and quality measures that compel immediate empiric antibiotics for all patients with possible sepsis.