jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Driving factors for adopting public-private partnership in Ethiopia and comparison with other countries

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The extensive public financing for infrastructure guided by the state-led development policy has crowded out private sector participation for infrastructure development in Ethiopia. Although public-private partnership (PPP) has been used by many countries, the Government of Ethiopia has started to adopt it for major infrastructure development recently. Thus, it is important to investigate the reasons that motivated the government to adopt the PPP model to provide insights to the sector players. This paper aims to explore the driving factors for adopting PPP for infrastructure development focusing on the energy sector of Ethiopia and compared it with other countries. Design/methodology/approach The study used a comprehensive literature review of previous research outcomes and a purposively sampled questionnaire survey of professionals in Ethiopia. Findings The results of the study revealed that the five top driving factors perceived by the experts for adopting PPP in the energy sector of Ethiopia include the private sector has the ability to raise funds for project, facilitate creative and innovative approaches, save time in delivering the project, accelerate project development and private sector possess better mobility. The comparison of the driving factors with other countries also suggests that each county has its own reason and preference for adopting the PPP model. Originality/value The research result contributes to the development of PPP in Ethiopia and other developing countries at the early stage of PPP implementation. It also provides information to policymakers, sponsors, financiers and developers of PPP projects to understand the government's motivations to implement PPP in Ethiopia.
Chaos, torus and synchronization from three coupled relaxation oscillators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyzes fundamental phenomena from three coupled relaxation oscillators. The system nonlinearity is a piecewise linear hysteresis comparator and we can explicitly calculate the return map and its Lyapunov exponents. Then we clarify generation of chaos, 2-torus, 3-torus and various kinds of synchronizations. Also, a rough bifurcation diagram is given. It indicates that 3-torus is popular for weak coupling and chaos is popular for relatively strong coupling. Some of the phenomena are confirmed by laboratory measurements.< >
Molecular mechanism of aortic dissection induced by GPR35

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the function of G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) in aortic dissection (AD) and its mechanism. Methods Thirty wild-type (WT) male mice were randomly divided into the WT+Sham group and WT+AD group (15 each), and 15 GPR35 knockout mice (GPR35-/-) were set as GPR35-/-+AD group. Mice in WT+AD group and GPR35-/- +AD group were back-subcutaneously implanted with angiotensin Ⅱ [4.5 mg/(kg·24 h)] by miniosmotic pump, while in WT+Sham group received equivalent saline. Mice were sacrificed and the aortas were removed on the 14th postoperative day for further experiments. The mice aortic vascular smooth muscle cell lines (MOVAS) were divided into control group, aortic dissection group (AD group), GPR35 inhibitor group (CID group). The expressions of GPR35 in aorta and MOVAS were determined by q-PCR and Western blotting. The aortas were stained with HE and VVG to detect the formation of aortic dissection and elastic fiber structure. The infiltration of monocyte macrophage (CD68 positive cell) and expression of inflammatory factors (IL)-6 and (TNF)-α in aorta were detected with immunohistochemistry and q-PCR. The apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle was measured by TUNEL staining and flow cytometer. Results Compared with the WT+Sham group, the expression of GPR35 mRNA increased by (1.88±0.07) times and of GPR35 protein increased by (1.34±0.05) times in WT+AD group (P<0.05), and similar results were obtained in cell model; Compared with the WT+AD group, the incidence of AD decreased obviously in GPR35-/-+AD group (53.3% vs. 13.3%, P<0.05), meanwhile the aortic dilatation, media thickness and elastic fiber structure were attenuated evidently; Furthermore, the mononuclear macrophage infiltration (CD68 positive cells) were elevated in WT+AD group than in WT+Sham group and GPR35-/-+ AD group [(32.8±1.1)% vs. (5.1±0.9)% vs. (16.0±1.1)%] with statistical significance (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were higher in WT+AD group (2.6±0.1, 1.8±0.1) than in WT+Sham group (both 1.00±0.06) and GPR35-/-+ AD group (1.6±0.1, 1.4±0.1) with statistical significance (P<0.05); The number of apoptotic aortic smooth muscle cells in WT+AD group [(24.0±0.7)%] was more than that in WT+Sham group and GPR35-/-+AD group [(6.6±0.5)% and (11.2±0.9)%] with statistical significance (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of MOVAS was also significantly higher in AD group [(11.6±0.5)%] than in control group and CID group [(4.7±0.4)% and (7.6±0.4)%, P<0.05]. Conclusion Inhibition of GPR35 can protect aortic dissection by preventing aortic inflammation and smooth muscle apoptosis.\n\t\t\n\t\tDOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2019.05.03
Leak Detection and Localization of Gas Pipeline Network Based on a Steady State Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The safety operation of pipelines is extremely important in gas and petrochemical industries due to the financial cost and the potential environmental damage. In his sense, leakage detection in pipeline usage is of great value and should draw particular attention on. Among the various methods concerning the leakage detection, model-based algorithms are gaining an increasing popularity compared with other conventional ones. In this paper, an improved numerical method of gas detection with high accuracy is proposed. A considerate number of leakage location simulations are conducted based on data generated by professional simulation software Flow Master. The comparison of results of the conventional and the improved algorithm shows that the improved one performed better under various conditions in terms of location accuracy.
Anisotropy of cosmic ray fluxes measured with AMS-02 on the ISS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A measurement of the cosmic ray anisotropy on the arrival directions of elementary particles (electrons, positrons and protons) and light nuclei (helium, carbon and oxygen) has been performed in galactic coordinates by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer onboard the International Space Station. The analysis is based on the sample of events collected in the first 6.5 years (electrons and positrons), and 7.5 (protons, helium, carbon and oxygen) of data taking. The results are consistent with isotropy for all cosmic ray species and upper limits on the dipole amplitude have been computed. In particular, 95% credible interval upper limits of δ < 1.9% and δ < 0.5% are obtained for positrons and electrons, respectively, above 16 GeV. On the other hand, the upper limits of protons, helium, carbon and oxygen above 200 GV are found to be δ < 0.38%, δ < 0.36%, δ < 1.9% and δ < 1.7%, respectively.
On six African species of Lyomyces and Xylodon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We studied a number of sub-Saharan collections of corticioid Xylodon and Lyomyces species, including several types. Morphological descriptions and molecular analyses based on the ribosomal DNA loci nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and when possible nuc 28S rDNA, allow us to introduce four new species: L. densiusculus , X. angustisporus , X. dissiliens , and X. laxiusculus . DNA barcodes for X. submucronatus and X. pruniaceus are published for the first time and X. pruniaceus is re-described.
Changes in Soil Characteristics in a Mono- and Triculture Long-term Field Experiment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation on the major soil parameters and microbiological soil properties were studied at Debrecen-Látókép in the 16 th and 17 th years of the fertilization experiment on calcareous chernozem soil. The results can be summarized as follows: In the examination period the moisture content of the experimental soil increased by 2-3% due to irrigation. With increasing fertilizer doses, the pH value of soils reduced both in aqueous and M KCl suspension, but it did not change considerably at medium and high fertilizer doses. The hydrolytic acidity increased with decreasing pH values. The nitrate-N, AL-soluble phosphorus and potassium contents increased gradually with increasing fertilizer doses. Among the soil microbial parameters, the total number of germs increased slightly, while the amount of nitrifying bacteria was significantly higher due to fertilization. As a result of fertilization , a significant increase was detected in the phosphatase and urease activityin both crop rotations and irrigation treatments. The activity of saccharase and catalase was reduced at medium and high fertilizer doses. In addition to changing the moisture content of soils irrigationincreased the total number of germs and the amount of nitrifying and cellulose decomposing bacteria. Irrigation provided more favourable conditions for CO 2 production, increasing the microbial biomass C content and for the functioning of phosphatase and urease enzymes. In triculture the number of nitrogen-fixing and cellulose decomposing bacteria was higher than in monoculture, especially in the case of medium and high fertilizer doses. The activity of phosphatase, saccharase and urease enzymes was significantly higher in triculture than in monoculture.
Targeting of Immune Cells by Dual TLR2/7 Ligands Suppresses Features of Allergic Th2 Immune Responses in Mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background . TLR ligands can promote Th1-biased immune responses, mimicking potent stimuli of viruses and bacteria. Aim . To investigate the adjuvant properties of dual TLR2/7 ligands compared to those of the mixture of both single ligands. Methods . Dual TLR2/7 ligands: CL401, CL413, and CL531, including CL264 (TLR7-ligand) and Pam 2 CysK 4 (TLR2-ligand), were used. Immune-modulatory capacity of the dual ligands with the individual ligands alone or as a mixture in mouse BMmDCs, BMmDC:TC cocultures, or BMCMCs was compared and assessed in naïve mice and in a mouse model of OVA-induced intestinal allergy. Results . CL413 and CL531 induced BMmDC-derived IL-10 secretion, suppressed rOVA-induced IL-5 secretion from OVA-specific DO11.10 CD4 + TCs, and induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vivo . In contrast, CL401 induced considerably less IL-10 secretion and led to IL-17A production in BMmDC:TC cocultures, but not BMCMC IL-6 secretion, or IL-6 or TNF- α production in vivo . No immune-modulating effects were observed with single ligands. All dual TLR2/7 ligands suppressed DNP-induced IgE-and-Ag-specific mast cell degranulation. Compared to vaccination with OVA, vaccination with the mixture CL531 and OVA, significantly suppressed OVA-specific IgE production in the intestinal allergy model. Conclusions . Based on beneficial immune-modulating properties, CL413 and CL531 may have utility as potential adjuvants for allergy treatment.
Knowledge levels of tomato nutrient management among farmers of Hassan district, Karnataka

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was conducted during 2010–11 in Hassan district of Karnataka,to study knowledge levels of tomato nutrient management practices among farmers of Hassan district, Karnataka. None of the farmers were applying recommended dose of organic manure. About one third of farmers were applying recommended dose of nitrogen. Phosphorus application was higher in most of the cases. Only 12.5% farmers were using recommended quantity of potassium. The overall knowledge on nutrient management of tomato was poor. Majority of farmers (51.2%) belonged to low overall knowledge category which negatively influenced the yield.
Frequency standards at 1.523 μm based on20Ne and at 1.56 μm derived from the 0.780 μm Rb frequency standard

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports experimental work towards a laboratory standard based on the 20Ne transition at 1.523 micrometers , some calibration measurements to 2.5 parts in 107 on lines of C2H2 between 1.52 and 1.545 micrometers , and investigation of a standard at 1.56 micrometers involving a CO line. Progress is described towards measurement of the latter line by frequency doubling to, and beating against, a Rb D2-line stabilized laser at 0.780 micrometers of known frequency.
Genetic admixture, inbreeding and heritability estimates in captive African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) including linkage analysis for the King cheetah phenotype

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This multifaceted study primarily aimed at understanding the genetic make-up of captive versus wild cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) populations in South Africa, with a specific emphasis on a valuable gene pool of a recessive phenotype that is increasingly being maintained in captive population country-wide. The current literature on cheetah genetics has very little information on diversity levels of wild South African cheetahs, and no information on founder dynamics and genetic make-up of South African captive populations. Decisions on cheetah relocations are being made, implementing current conservation policy, from assumptions on origin and relatedness. This research compared population genetic parameters within the largest South African captive cheetah population to free-ranging Namibian and South African conspecifics. The study addressed concerns regarding excessive Namibian genetic introgression into the native captive population and established the extent of genetic variability and Namibian ancestry within the captive population. The study has attempted to address the rising concern among conservation officials with respect to illegal trade of wild-captured cheetahs, wild caught cheetahs that are sold as captive-bred after implanting a microchip. In addition to establishing routine parentage verification using genetic markers that are polymorphic in this species, this study established a technique powerful enough to estimate ancestry in cheetahs of unknown antecedents. The potential of spatial Bayesian clustering to differentiate the point of origin of unknown cheetahs was exploited and in addition, a database for future forensic efforts to address the problem of illegal trade was established. The captive population that was part of this dataset proved to be quite admixed, excepting for the King lineage which was distinct. The second aspect of this study investigated complex conditions such as development of gastritis, renal conditions and/or susceptibility to infections and its relation to pedigree and marker based inbreeding levels. Heritability values for important breeding traits were estimated from pedigree records of 532 cheetahs and are reported for the first time. Gastritis was weakly correlated to the expression of the King trait. Finally, a smaller cohort of the captive pedigree that segregates for a recessive colour variant called the King phenotype was tested for the assumption that the variation is a mutation of the tabby locus described in domestic cats. Genetic linkage analysis was done by testing microsatellite markers detected linked to Tabby for linkage to a conserved region in the cheetah that potentially codes for the King coat colour. Genetic linkage analysis was not detected between the King locus and the domestic cat microsatellite markers used for this study, with LOD scores remaining non-significant for all the markers.
Quarantine Control of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Exported Hay: A New Treatment for Large-Size, Polypropylene Fabric-Wrapped Bales and a 3-d Fumigation for Compressed Standard Bales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hessian fly puparia (37,167), Mayetiola destructor (Say), did not survive a large-scale commercial test (three freight containers) of a new quarantine treatment using compression (32 kg/cm2) and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (61 g/28.2 m3) for large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay exported to Japan. Mean ± SEM temperatures in the large-size bales in different locations in the freight containers ranged from 18.0 ± 0.9 to 26.0 ± 1.3°C during the 7-d test conducted in a heated building at 20.1 ± 1.1°C. Highest concentrations of hydrogen phosphide in most locations in the freight containers were observed after 3 d of fumigation and ranged from 366.7 ± 96.1 to 425.0 ± 162.7 ppm (mean ± SEM) and throughout the 7 d of fumigation ranged from 253.6 ± 59.9 to 407.1 ± 76.5 ppm (mean ± SEM). Hydrogen phosphide residues after fumigation and aeration were <10 ppb and were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 0.1 ppm in animal feeds. The results of the test fulfills regulatory agency testing requirements and confirms the efficacy of the treatment to control Hessian fly in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay. Hessian fly puparia (2,160) did not survive a large-scale commercial test of compression (105 kg/cm2) and a 3-d hydrogen phosphide (60 g/28.3 m3) fumigation for standard bales.
Modeling Location Choice of Taxi Drivers for Passenger Pickup Using GPS Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Recently, the traditional taxi industry has been struggling to keep its market share, especially with the emergence of new transport network companies (e.g., Uber). One of the problems with traditional taxi services is the difficulty of matching the taxi demand to its supply when there is no phone-booking or other reservation system. From that perspective, the taxi driver?s experience is important in reaching the next passenger. A taxi driver with limited experience may not know the high-demand locations and times of taxi stands or street sections to visit after dropping off a passenger. This causes a large number of vacant taxi drivers to regularly cruise the roads to search for a passenger, contributing to congestion, pollution, and resource waste. We formulate the problem of a taxi driver?s next passenger pickup location as a destination choice problem. Vacant taxi trips between drop-off and pickup points are extracted from GPS records obtained from a taxi operator in Lisbon, Portugal, to understand the travel behavior of vacant taxi drivers. We have estimated destination choice models with a multinomial logit and a nested logit structure. It was found that passenger demand at the pickup area, hotspot locations, service location preference, and major transport hubs positively influence a taxi driver?s next choice of passenger pickup location. Results of this study provide insight regarding the factors that explain a taxi driver?s probability to choose a certain zone within a set of passenger pickup zones, contributing to a better understanding of taxi driver travel behavior.</p>
The brain – gut interaction: defining the role of the nutrient-induced human brain activation matrix

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Due to the high prevalence of obesity in America (around 35%) and in Europe (above 20%) and its dramatic consequences on human health, research aiming to understand the basic mechanisms that regulate food intake, appetite and body weight is therefore needed. \nNew evidences suggest that fuel sensing occurs in a number of peripheral cell types, which include specific taste receptors in the gut. These receptors produce a chemical cascade signaling the central nervous system (CNS) for energy balance regulation. At the same time in the CNS specific brain regions directly sense fuel status. An emerging new methodology investigates neural correlates \nof appetite and satiety, using functional neuroimaging techniques. \nIn the present work we aim at investigating the brain-gut matrix. First, through a systematic review of the literature, previous studies assessing the effects of nutrients on brain functions were examined to identify a common research methodology and related results. \nAfterwards we extensively study the effects of sugars and amino acids on the food-reward system, focusing on brain resting state functional connectivity. \nFinally, we focus on glucose and fructose effects on cognitive functions, by investigating two of the most common dimensions of cognitive functions such as \nworking memory and response inhibition.
Variable-frequency train stimulation of canine latissimus dorsi muscle during shortening contractions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

George, David T., Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, Thomas N. Delosso, and William P. Santamore. Variable-frequency train stimulation of canine latissimus dorsi muscle during shortening contractions. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 994–1001, 1997.—In cardiomyoplasty, the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) is wrapped around the heart ventricles and electrically activated with a constant-frequency train (CFT). This study tested the hypotheses that increased mechanical performance from the LDM could be achieved by activating the muscle with variable-frequency trains (VFTs) of shorter duration or containing fewer stimulus pulses than the CFT now used. The mechanical performance of the canine LDM ( n = 7) during shortening contractions was measured while the muscle was stimulated with 5- and 6-pulse CFTs (of duration 132 and 165 ms, respectively) and 5- and 6-pulse VFTs (of duration 104 and 143 ms, respectively) that were designed to take advantage of the catchlike property of skeletal muscle. Measurements were made from fresh and fatigued muscles. For the fresh muscles, the VFTs elicited significantly greater peak power than did the 6-pulse CFT. When the muscles were fatigued, VFT stimulation significantly improved both the peak and mean power produced compared with stimulation by CFTs. These results show that stimulation of the LDM with shorter duration VFTs is potentially useful for application in cardiomyoplasty.
Dissecting Generations of Migrant Identities Within a Diaspora

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The dissection of migrant identities is like a complex puzzle. Although cultural values comprise an integral component of cultural identity, the personal values of migrants are still understudied. This study examines the individual-level cultural values held by migrants who share a single ethnicity. Migrants are compared across age cohorts, ethnic generations and emigration waves as well as to nonemigrant home country nationals. The similarities between the groups lends support to the stability of cultural values. However, the differences revealed across the various migrant groups are also surprising insofar as they are not as large as might be expected given the physical, political and age separation between many of the groups. As migrant groups differed from nonemigrants, we question whether the timing of emigration is as important as the act of migration itself in shaping the cultural identities of migrants.
Crafting Effective Fundraising Strategies for Non-Profit Organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Developing a coherent and actionable fundraising strategy is central to non-profit sustainability. This article explores how mission alignment, SMART goal-setting, donor segmentation, and method selection contribute to building resilient funding portfolios. It highlights challenges in developing and emerging economies, where volatility and limited resources demand context-sensitive approaches. Case examples illustrate targeted donor engagement, cost-effective campaign design, and audience-specific messaging. By combining theoretical frameworks with applied strategies, the article provides a roadmap for both academics and practitioners to strengthen non-profit fundraising capacity.