jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Screening of high effective siRNAs targeting high mobility group box 1 protein gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To screen the high effective siRNAs targeting the gene encoding high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1),a late mediator of inflammation,and determine its biological effect in vitro.Methods Three siRNA sequences specific to HMGB1 mRNA were selected and synthesized by T7 transcription system in vitro.RAW264.7 cells were divided into five groups.The cells in intervention groups 1,2 and 3 were transfected with synthesized HMGB1 siRNAs 1～3 respectively and,6 h later,stimulated with 500 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for 24 and 48 h,while those in LPS group were untransfected and only stimulated with LPS,and those in control group were only added with medium.The transcription levels of HMGB1 mRNAs in cells of various groups were determined by RT-PCR,while the HMGB1 contents in culture supernatants by ELISA.Results The RNA fragments each at a length of 21 bp were observed on agarose gel electrophoretic profile of synthesized HMGB1 siRNAs 1 ～ 3.After stimulation with LPS for 24 and 48 h,both the transcription levels of HMGB1 mRNAs and HMGB1 contents in culture supernatants of cells in three intervention groups were significantly higher than those in control group.All the three HMGB1 siRNAs inhibited the transcription of HMGB1 mRNA in cells and decreased the HMGB1 content in cell culture supernatant,of which siRNA1 showed satisfactory effect as compared with siRNA2 and siRNA3.Conclusion LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells to release a large quantity of HMGB1 and increased the transcription level of mRNA in the cells.HMGB1 siRNA decreased the protein and mRNA levels of HMGB1,which might provide a new method for controlling the progress of late inflammation.
The Frequency of Sarcocystis spp. and Its Effect on Winter Carcass Composition of Mottled Ducks

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Macrocysts of the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis spp. occurred in 34 of 241 (14%) adult and 6 of 70 (8.6%) immature mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) that were collected in southwestern Louisiana from 1987 to 1989. The prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. among immature ducks was higher than previously reported, possibly because of a longer exposure period. No differences in carcass composition variables were found between heavily infected and uninfected adult mottled ducks during the winter period of the annual cycle. We concluded that macrocysts of Sarcocystis spp. did not influence carcass composition and probably exert negligible effects on survival of parasitized mottled ducks during winter.
Mitochondrial bioenergetics are not associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Mitochondria represent key organelles influencing cellular homeostasis and have been implicated in the signalling events regulating protein synthesis. Methods We examined whether mitochondrial bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 ) emission, ROS) measured in vitro in permeabilized muscle fibres represent regulatory factors for integrated daily muscle protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle mass changes across the spectrum of physical activity, including free‐living and bed‐rest conditions: n = 19 healthy, young men (26 ± 4 years, 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m 2 ) and following 12 weeks of resistance‐type exercise training: n = 10 healthy older men (70 ± 3 years, 25.2 ± 2.1 kg/m 2 ). Additionally, we evaluated the direct relationship between attenuated mitochondrial ROS emission and integrated daily myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates in genetically modified mice (mitochondrial‐targeted catalase, MCAT). Results Neither oxidative phosphorylation nor H 2 O 2 emission were associated with muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young men under free‐living conditions or following 1 week of bed rest (both P > 0.05). Greater increases in GSSG concentration were associated with greater skeletal muscle mass loss following bed rest ( r = −0.49, P < 0.05). In older men, only submaximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (corrected for mitochondrial content) was positively associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during exercise training ( r = 0.72, P < 0.05). However, changes in oxidative phosphorylation and H 2 O 2 emission were not associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass following training (both P > 0.05). Additionally, MCAT mice displayed no differences in myofibrillar (2.62 ± 0.22 vs. 2.75 ± 0.15%/day) and sarcoplasmic (3.68 ± 0.35 vs. 3.54 ± 0.35%/day) protein synthesis rates when compared with wild‐type mice (both P > 0.05). Conclusions Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen emission do not seem to represent key factors regulating muscle protein synthesis or muscle mass regulation across the spectrum of physical activity.
Supplementary information to "A Unique LHCE Light-Harvesting protein Family is involved in Photosystem I and II Far-Red Absorption in Euglena gracilis"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary information to A Unique LHCE Light-Harvesting protein Family is involved in Photosystem I and II Far-Red Absorption in Euglena gracilis Héctor Miranda-Astudillo1,2, Rameez Arshad3, Félix Vega de Luna1, Zhaida Aguilar-Gonzalez2, Hadrien Forêt1, Tom Feller1, Alain Gervasi1, Wojciech Nawrocki1,4, Charles Counson1,5, Pierre Morsomme6, Hervé Degand6, Denis Baurain5, Roman Kouřil3, Pierre Cardol1 1 Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium. 2 Present Address: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 3 Faculty of Science, Department of Biophysics, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic. 4 Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, French National Centre for Scientific Research, France. 5 Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, InBioS–PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, Belgium. 6 Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Development of a monitoring vector for Leuconostoc mesenteroides using the green fluorescent protein gene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The vector pCW5 with plasmid pC7, originally isolated in Lactobacillus paraplantarum C7 derived from kimchi, was constructed using a p32 strong promoter, the pC7 replicon, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter. The constructed vector was transformed into E. coli and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and GFP expression detected using a Western blot analysis. GFP fluorescence was recognized in E. coli and Leuconostoc mesenteroides using a confocal microscope. In addition, GFP fluorescence was also clearly detected in several industrially important lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Thus, pCW5 was shown to be effective for Leuconostoc mesenteroides when using GFP as the reporter, and it can also be used as a broad-host-range vector for other lactic acid bacteria.
[Comparison of the prognostic value between the nerve excitability test and maximum stimulation test in evaluation of Bell's palsy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present comparative study we applied the nerve excitability test (NET) and the maximum stimulation test (MST) to 131 patients with idiopathic facial nerve palsy. Our aim was to determine their value in the evaluation of facial nerve function. Results showed that the percentage of error of the NET in the prognosis of facial nerve palsy was 16%. In contrast, the MST was simple in its application and had a high percentage of reliability (97%). However, it remains a qualitative method, since it is dependent on the examiner's observations.
HEMORRHOIDS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The term "hemorrhoid" comes from the Greek terms "hema" and "rhoos," both of which refer to blood flow. The most frequent reason for lower gastrointestinal bleeding is hemorrhoids. Both internal and external hemorrhoids can occur. Internal hemorrhoids are situated inside the rectum are painless and usually unnoticeable. Hemorrhoids are an orectal ailment that affects More frequently found in individuals between the ages of 45 and 65, it affects 4.4% of the world's population. The venous plexuses in the anal canal swell up in hemorrhoids. It may result in discomfort, prolapse, thrombosis, and bleeding. The term "piles" is another term for hemorrhoids. The rectum is generally insensate because it stretches using the Columnar epithelial mucosa lines the distal sigmoid colon, which leads to the anus, and is sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that innervate. The hypogastric system serves as its vascular and lymphatic supply. Hemorrhoids Anal cushions in patients exhibit significant pathological changes. These modifications include rupture, anal subepithelial muscle deformation, fibroelastic tissue degeneration, abnormal venous dilatation, and vascular thrombosis. In addition to the abovementioned observations, Hemorrhoidal samples have demonstrated a significant an inflammatory response including the vascular wall and connective tissue around it, concomitant thrombosis, ischemia, and mucosal ulcers. The haemorrhoids can be managed by dietary and lifestyle management, medical treatment, non-operative treatments, operative treatments and Herbal remedies.
Coulomb blockade model of permeation and selectivity in biological ion channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biological ion channels are protein nanotubes embedded in, and passing through, the bilipid membranes of cells. Physiologically, they are of crucial importance in that they allow ions to pass into and out of cells, fast and efficiently, though in a highly selective way. Here we show that the conduction and selectivity of calcium/sodium ion channels can be described in terms of ionic Coulomb blockade in a simplified electrostatic and Brownian dynamics model of the channel. The Coulomb blockade phenomenon arises from the discreteness of electrical charge, the strong electrostatic interaction, and an electrostatic exclusion principle. The model predicts a periodic pattern of Ca ^2+ conduction versus the fixed charge Q _f at the selectivity filter (conduction bands) with a period equal to the ionic charge. It thus provides provisional explanations of some observed and modelled conduction and valence selectivity phenomena, including the anomalous mole fraction effect and the calcium conduction bands. Ionic Coulomb blockade and resonant conduction are similar to electronic Coulomb blockade and resonant tunnelling in quantum dots. The same considerations may also be applicable to other kinds of channel, as well as to charged artificial nanopores.
Color-Coded Antigen for the Automated Reagin Test for Syphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A low-cost, color-coded antigen was developed for the Automated Reagin Test. A comparative study with 3,000 sera showed a sensitivity somewhat greater than the Rapid Plasma Reagin Card antigen. Samples could be traced back by using a specific color-coded antigen on a given autoanalyzer.
Investigation of Properties of Solid-Phase Electrode Materials Based on Lithium–Vanadium Phosphate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An original method for the synthesis of lithium–vanadium phosphate has been developed, which includes two stages: stage 1—heat treatment of a mixture of vanadium oxide and ammonium dihydrophosphate; stage 2—mechanical activation of a mixture of the product obtained at the first stage with lithium hydroxide on Bridgman anvils, followed by heat treatment, and providing a 95% product yield in a highly dispersed state. It is shown that electrodes based on synthesized Li3V2(PO4)3 are reversibly cycled in the basic 1C mode. Optimization of the ratio of the electrode components showed that its maximum characteristics are achieved with the following ratio between the components: 82% Li3V2(PO4)3 : 10% carbon black : 8% solid polymer electrolyte. Solid-phase electrodes based on lithium–vanadium phosphate surpass known analogs with liquid electrolytes in capacity, stability, and persistence.
Polysulfide metabolizing enzymes influence SqrR-mediated sulfide-induced transcription by impacting intracellular polysulfide dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sulfide plays essential roles in controlling various physiological activities in almost all organisms. Although recent evidence has demonstrated that sulfide is endogenously generated and metabolized into polysulfides inside the cells, the relationship between polysulfide metabolism and polysulfide-sensing mechanisms is not well understood. To better define this interplay between polysulfide metabolism and sensing in cells, we investigated the role of polysulfide-metabolizing enzymes such as sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) on the temporal dynamics of cellular polysulfide speciation and on the transcriptional regulation by the persulfide-responsive transcription factor SqrR in Rhodobacter capsulatus. We show that disruption of the sqr gene resulted in the loss of SqrR repression by exogenous sulfide at longer culture times, which impacts the speciation of intracellular polysulfides of Δsqr vs. wild-type strains. Both the attenuated response of SqrR and the change in polysulfide dynamics of the Δsqr strain is fully reversed by the addition to cells of cystine-derived polysulfides, but not by glutathione disulfide (GSSG)-derived polysulfides. Furthermore, cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) yields a higher rate of oxidation of SqrR relative to glutathione persulfide (GSSH), which leads to DNA dissociation in vitro. The oxidation of SqrR was confirmed by a mass spectrometry-based kinetic profiling strategy that showed distinct polysulfide-crosslinked products obtained with CysSSH vs. GSSH. Taken together, these results establish a novel association between the metabolism of polysulfides and the mechanisms for polysulfide sensing inside the cells.
Methodology for reverse supply chain design in consumer electronics industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reverse Logistics (RL), the art and science of moving goods typically from the end consumer towards the upstream end of supply chains, has been the subject of many strategic meetings in organizations today. This is attributed mainly due to the tighter federal environmental legislations on product returns and a hugely untapped potential that has been often overlooked by the managers. Traditionally, enterprises spend most of the improvement initiatives in optimizing its forward supply chain (FSC) performance that aims to delight the end consumer. However, it is not a panacea by itself in the process of continuously satisfying the end customer. Managers are now forced to look at their business processes from a more strategic perceptive than ever before. This perspective includes a reverse supply chain (RSC) component that complements its FSC counterpart in closing the supply chain / network of an enterprise. Having an "efficient" RSC solves two issues for an organization: (i) it can utilize its resources more effectively than before and (ii) it can project an "environmentally friendly" image in the eyes of the customer. This research is targeted toward designing an efficient RSC with special attention to the consumer electronics industry. \nEfficiency of a RSC is defined across three main dimensions that include: the "time taken to recover value", "actual value recovered from returns", and "number of returns that enter the RSC". This research develops a methodology that helps organizations design their RSC systems. Consequentially, the design seeks to reduce the time taken to recover value, increase the value recovered and to reduce the number of returns that enter the RSC respectively. \nThese three goals of the methodology are done in three stages. In order to achieve the first goal, a "twelve step" algorithm is developed that measures and suggests measures to reduce the time taken to recover value. Next, a "scoring system" is developed to increase the value recovered from product returns. Finally, a "cause and effect" analysis is done for each influential actor in the supply chain to determine the reason(s) for return in order to develop solutions for curbing them in the future.
Pediculosis and the Pediatrician

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Head lice commonly evoke feelings of disgust, revulsion, anger, and shame among parents and patients. There should, however, be no great cause for such alarm if a physician suspects pediculosis capitis. The recent introduction of several new pediculicidal drugs now allows a choice among four distinct therapeutic agents, which should substantially improve control of isolated cases and epidemics. Physicians must be aware that consumer groups are pressing public health authorities and drug manufacturers to establish proper treatment standards and safety warnings for the use of these agents. In addition, some controversy surrounds the use of lindane in children. This paper reviews the epidemiology and clinical appearance of pediculosis capitis in children, with emphasis on these recent developments. Pubic lice ( Phthirus pubis ) and body lice ( Pedicutus humanus corporis ), both of which are much less common pediatric infestations, are mentioned only briefly.
Visual agnosic people don´t optimize the use of relevant piecemeal information when they see new faces

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This ERP study analyzes how certain facial features are integrated in order to create new face recognition units and, in particular, how visual agnosic individuals use "diagnostic" information to that end when they meet new faces. Our participants (2 prosopagnosic adults and 8 age-matched controls) carried out a face-feature matching task. In this task both external (E) and internal (I) facial features were presented in a sequence, followed by a complete unfamiliar face that could be an exact (congruent) combination or not (incongruent) of such features. We used two different sequences of features: in the E-I sequence the external features were displayed as the first stimuli in each trial while in the I-E sequence the internal features were the first to be displayed. Similarly to that found in younger people in a previous experiment, our controls exhibited an enhanced mismatch effect around 300-500 ms in the E-I sequence, suggesting a more efficient integration of piecemeal information at the beginning of the trial to create new face representations. Our acquired prosopagnosic also showed a larger mismatch effect in the E-I sequence but smaller, more anterior and right-sided than controls, suggesting the use of a different neural circuitry to solve the task. In turn, our developmental prosopagnosic showed a mismatch effect only in the I-E sequence, which was larger and left-sided when compared with healthy controls, suggestive of a predominant use of analytical strategies in unfamiliar face processing. Moreover, the lack of an expected P3 component evoked by features at the beginning of the trial in both patients indicates that task-relevant information is not optimally processed and kept in short-term memory to solve the matching. Thus, modulations in both amplitude and topography of long-latency ERPs concerning structural incongruences might constitute neural markers of cognitive dysfunctions associated to face processing. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Preparation of biotin-labeled graphene film for detecting nerve growth factor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor for nerve growth factor (NGF) detection was constructed based on graphene oxide (GO)-chitosan (CS) composite membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to characterize the morphology of GO-CS composite films. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to optimize the detection conditions of electrochemical immunosensors. The prepared electrochemical immunosensor has an excellent linear relationship with the peak electrode current when the concentration of NGF is 0.1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection (0.0081 ng/mL). The recovery rate of serum samples was 99.00–104.06 %. Therefore, the immunosensor established by the institute is accurate, stable and sensitive.
1 Community benefit clauses in public procurement: considerations on the role of partnerships in Scotland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores features of business partnerships which involve public administrations, private for-profit businesses and social enterprises. In particular, the paper critically considers the role of community benefits clauses (CBCs) in procurement (with examples from Scotland) as a mechanism for ensuring a focus on social value-added in purchasing decisions. The questions we address are whether social enterprises effectively deliver value-added to the community (as compared to conventional businesses), and whether CBCs, as implemented so far, are suitable to capture such value added. The paper argues that one crucial, yet underestimated, element that can stem from the business relationship promoted by CBCs is, potentially, the evolution of the local business culture towards pro-social values and behaviours. The paper concludes with some open questions regarding the possibility of internalising community benefits in the governance structure of social enterprises, as well as with considerations regarding a possible wider role of social enterprises in the public procurement of social services and on the future role of CBCs in guaranteeing that the social benefits produced by of social enterprises are properly delivered and assessed.
Effect of Low Content of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate as a Denture Base Material

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In this study, the mechanical and tribological properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based dentures strengthened by a low content of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were evaluated. PMMA nanocomposites with different weight fractions (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 wt%) of Al2O3 were fabricated, and a sample of pure PMMA was used as a control. Compression, hardness, and wear tests were conducted to investigate the effect of a low Al2O3 filler content on the mechanical and tribological properties of PMMA. The addition of Al2O3 filler improved the mechanical and tribological characteristics of PMMA. The highest elastic modulus and compressive yield strength (3.56 GPa and 138.21 MPa, respectively) were obtained using the PMMA sample with 0.6 wt% of nanoalumina, which represent an increase of 20.27% and 14.7%, respectively, compared with those of the pure PMMA. The fracture toughness and hardness were improved with the increase in the filler content until it reached 0.8 and 1.00 wt%, respectively. The tribological characteristics of PMMA also improved with the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The least coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate were obtained at a filler content of 0.6 wt%. Therefore, the addition of low amounts of Al2O3 to PMMA-based resins can improve their mechanical and tribological properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, COF, and wear resistance.