jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shielding Humanity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the contemporary international law scene, there are not many jurists who match the eminence and stature of Abdul G. Koroma. A distinguished lawyer, diplomat and member of the International Law Commission for many years, he has been a key figure in the elaboration, codification and negotiation of important multilateral treaties in diverse areas of international law. He subsequently served, for 18 years, on the bench of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) where he participated in deciding many of the Court’s leading cases during the busiest periods of its history. These outstanding essays, written by renowned judges, scholars and practitioners of international law in honour of Judge Koroma, discuss both classical and contemporary topics of significant relevance to the current and future of international law. The volume will appeal to anyone interested in the ICJ, peaceful settlement of inter-state disputes, law of the sea, international criminal law, international humanitarian law, regional integration and Africa’s contributions to international law. Contributors are: Avitus A Agbor, Babefemi Akinrinade, Adejoké Babington-Ashaye, Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, Tamara Cummings-John, John Dugard, Olufemi Elias, Sir Christopher Greenwood, Chikeziri Igwe, Osman Keh Kamara, Charles Manga Fombad, Madeline Choe-Amusimo Fombad, Charles Chernor Jalloh, Kenneth Keith, Tommy Koh, Tiyanjana Maluwa, Konstantinos D. Magliveras, Brian McGarry, Andrew Morgan, Gino J. Naldi, Lydia A. Nkansah, Vincent O. Nmehielle, Karin Oellers-Frahm, Olajumoke O. Oduwole, Obiora Chinedu Okafor, Phoebe Okowa, Adetola Onayemi, Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao, Bernardo Sepúlveda-Amor, Surya P. Subedi, Mia Swart, Abdul Tejan-Cole, Manuel J. Ventura, Sienho Yee, and Abdulqawi A. Yusuf.
Preliminary Study on Water Stability of Solidified Silt with Steel Slag Matrix Composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the engineering problem of poor water stability of silt in the Yellow River area, a curing agent (SBCG) was prepared with steel slag, granulated blast furnace slag, and desulfurized gypsum as the main materials to improve and solidify the alluvial silt of the Yellow River. Taking the unconfined compressive strength and CBR as the main indicators, the water stability performance of SBCG-solidified silt was studied through water immersion tests. Meanwhile, the pore characteristics of the solidified silt were observed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the addition of SBCG can obviously improve the engineering properties of silt soil. The standard curing strength is significantly improved with the increase of SBCG content, the guarantee rate of water immersion strength at 7d age is all greater than 80%, and the CBR after immersion still meets the requirements of subgrade strength. According to the change law of the strength of the solidified silt under different test conditions, the preferred dosage of SBCG is determined to be 6%∼10%. The pore structure characteristics are an important factor affecting the water stability of solidified silt. The large pore volume and the porosity of solidified silt decreased significantly with ages.
Seeding of intravascular stents by the xenotransplantation of genetically modified endothelial cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A novel approach of cell seeding of stents using xenotransplanted endothelium is proposed. The advantages of this approach are that these doubly transgenic animals will provide a limitless supply of endothelial cells producing controllable levels of active compound. These foreign cells will act as Trojan horses, graciously accepted at face value by the host organism, but capable of modifying the pathophysiological response to vessel damage, typified by the process of restenosis. Once implanted, the production of the bioactive compound is under exogenous control by means of 'designer' genes coding for modified cell surface receptors, which are introduced with the transgene to provide controllable levels of compound. Interaction of an orally administered compound with the modified cell receptor will switch on the transgene, while in its absence the transgene remains dormant. We have been able to show the feasibility this type of approach has for other animal species, and it shows great potential for application to humans.
Gravity and spatial interaction models

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter treats the gravity and gravity-type models, still not widely recognized by social scientists, as reflecting basic spatial behavior of society. It extensively develops the rationales of spatial choice models; emphasizing the discrete choice problem of an individual behaving unit and taking into account both spatial awareness and spatial information processing. The chapter examines interregional and interurban migration studies, examining hierarchical information processing use and interesting variations of the strict gravity model. Since 1960, a very large array of gravity and spatial interaction models has evolved. They relate to many different kinds of interactions, some purely theoretical but much more frequently interactions concerned with everyday problems and planning for which useful applications have been sought. The chapter finally examines applications of location-allocation models wherein an optimization framework is employed to identify both the optimal site for a single facility and the best set of sites for a network of facilities wherein forces for clustering and decentralization are examined.
Abstract C64: SNPs in genes of the glucose-metabolism pathway and prostate cancer: Interplay with metformin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Energy metabolism is important for cancer progression. Energy-producing mitochondria also regulate cell growth and survival. Type II diabetes affects systemic energy metabolism, while both diabetes and antidiabetic treatment likely affect prostate cancer. We studied whether SNPs in genes of the energy-metabolism pathways associate with prostate cancer risk and prognosis, and whether the associations are modified by antidiabetic treatment. Materials and methods: As part of an international PRACTICAL Consortium, 397 SNPs were genotyped on Illumina's custom array (iCOGS) among 3,719 participants of the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial and 1,528 hospital-based cases. The study population was linked to Finnish national prescription database for information on medication use. After correction for multiple testing using adaptive permutation, SNPs showing an association with prostate cancer incidence or mortality at p &lt; 5 x 10-3 significance level were further explored in multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses. Analyses on prostate cancer risk and mortality were adjusted for age and screening trial arm. Analyses on prostate cancer case-fatality were additionally adjusted for tumor stage and grade at diagnosis. Results: After permutation, a total of 30 and 10 SNPs were associated with prostate cancer risk or mortality, respectively. Of these, SNPs in genes PDK1, PGM1 and ENO1 showed consistent associations with prostate cancer risk, disease grade/stage and prostate cancer mortality/case fatality in both study cohorts. The associations with prostate cancer were stronger among antidiabetic drug users in general, although the interaction terms were not significant. Higher cumulative amount of metformin use attenuated the risk increase among antidiabetic drug users. Conclusions: Polymorphisms in genes of the energy-metabolism pathways associate with prostate cancer risk, disease severity and prognosis. This association may be modified by diabetes and antidiabetic drug usage. If validated in further studies, these polymorphisms could be used in risk stratification of prostate cancer patients. Citation Format: Teemu J. Murtola, Tiina Wahlfors, Teuvo LJ Tammela, Liisa Mååttånen, Johanna Schleutker. SNPs in genes of the glucose-metabolism pathway and prostate cancer: Interplay with metformin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C64.
Social Care, Service Users and User Involvement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book contains some very interesting and varied contributions to the literature of service user involvement in social care situations, concerning research, project work and practice. In addition to the initial and concluding chapters by the authors which discuss the theory, philosophy and influences behind the service user movement, the book contains twelve chapters from a variety of authors involved in diverse areas such as co-production with older persons, working with African and Caribbean men who use mental health services, research into the needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people, involving children and young people in research, and self-advocacy for people with learning difficulties, among others. As Peter Beresford points out in his initial chapter on the theory and philosophy behind ‘user involvement’, this concept is perhaps the most opaque of terms, meaning so many different things to different people. However, the strength of this book is that we hear directly from ‘service users’—another contested term—from their point of view who are engaged in activities of various kinds. Inevitably, this brings up the issue of participation and what this actually means in practice and then how participation links to that of having power and influence over one's own life. The key thing for me that comes out of this book is how valuable user involvement can be when it is done properly, built on people's self-defined goals and when it is genuinely built into organisations that are concerned with meeting people's needs. User involvement also has key implications for research and development and issues of being a ‘service user researcher’ are examined as well as the dynamics of service users undertaking research in partnership with professional researchers. These issues are explored in five major themes running through the book—exploring user involvement; involving people in quality and standard setting; involving people in research and evaluation; user-led service provision and inclusion; and addressing diversity. This work complements the 2012 contribution of Barnes and Cotterell, who cover user involvement in diverse contexts, again drawing on examples from user activists and academic researchers.
Effect of cryotherapy by employing Argon/Helium subsequently combined with TACE on primary hepatic carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effect of cryotherapy of employing Argon/Helium subsequently combined with TACE for primary hepatic carcinoma.Methods:Forty cases with primary hepatic carcinoma received cryotherapy of employing Argon/Helium subsequently combined with TACE.One month after the combined treatment,AFP(alpha-fetoprotein) and liver CECT(contrast enhancement computed tomography) and DSA were examined.The follow-up time was 12 months.Results:In 83.9% of patients with AFP level up to 400ng/ml,AFP value decreased more than 50%.Complete tumor necrosis was observed by liver CECT and DSA in 50.0%;incomplete necrosis in 27.5%;part necrosis in 22.5%.The 6-month and 12-month survival rates were 91.0% and 76.0% respectively without severe complications in the treatment.Conclusion:Subsequent combination of cryotherapy of employing Argon/Helium with TACE is an effective and safe therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.
Blurred quantum Darwinism across quantum reference frames

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum Darwinism describes objectivity of quantum systems via their correlations with their environment--information that hypothetical observers can recover by measuring the environments. However, observations are done with respect to a frame of reference. Here, we take the formalism of [Giacomini, Castro-Ruiz, & Brukner. Nat Commun 10, 494 (2019)], and consider the repercussions on objectivity when changing quantum reference frames. We find that objectivity depends on non-degenerative relative separations, conditional state localisation, and environment macro-fractions. There is different objective information in different reference frames due to the interchangeability of entanglement and coherence, and of statistical mixing and classical correlations. As such, objectivity is subjective across quantum reference frames.
The Relationship Between Feeding Patch Quality and Fodder Species of Wild Elephants in the Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary, Coxâ€™s Bazar, Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We examined the relationship between the presence or absence of elephants in patches of land and the most common ecological factors, such as fodder species, water bodies, resting places, elephant movement trails, and soil types, across ten transect sites in the Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary (TWS), Bangladesh. By ground-truthing 360 line transects and 1080 quadrate blocks, we recorded a total of 184 fodder species, including 71 monocotyledons, 58 dicotyledons, and 55 domesticated plant species. Three categories of domesticated fodder species were recorded that consisted of 13 cultivated crops, 24 vegetables, and 18 homestead garden plants. We also applied dung-pile dissection techniques to a total of 250 dung piles between August 2018 and July 2019. Highly statistically significant differences among the abundances of different fodder species and presence of elephants were found across different transect sites. The average fodder species density was found to be 3.44 plant species per site per km2, while the elephant density was 0.63 individuals per site per km2. A significant strong correlation was found between fodder species density and the number of elephants among the transect sites (P = 0.02). The numbers of ground-recorded fodder species were higher than those found in dung piles. The presence of elephants across transect sites was influenced not only by fodder species but also by other ecological factors, such as water bodies, resting places, movement trails, and soil types.
Cloning, expression and localization of human BM88 shows that it maps to chromosome 11p15.5, a region implicated in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and tumorigenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Porcine BM88 is a neuron-specific protein that enhances neuroblastoma cell differentiation in vitro and may be involved in neuronal differentiation in vivo. Here we report the identification, by Western blotting, of homologous proteins in human and mouse brain and the isolation of their respective cDNAs. Several human and mouse clones were identified in the EST database using porcine BM88 cDNA as a query. A human and a mouse EST clone were chosen for sequencing and were found both to predict a protein of 149 amino acids, with 79.9% reciprocal identity, and 76.4% and 70.7% identities to the porcine protein, respectively. This indicated that the clones corresponded to the human and mouse BM88homologues. In vitro expression in a cell-free system as well as transient expression in COS7 cells yielded polypeptide products that were recognized by anti-BM88 antibodies and were identical in size to the native BM88 protein. Northern-blot analysis showed a wide distribution of the gene in human brain whereas immunohistochemistry on human brain sections demonstrated that the expression of BM88 is confined to neurons. The initial mapping assignment of human BM88 to chromosome 11p15.5, a region implicated in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and tumorigenesis, was retrieved from the UniGene database maintained at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.). We confirmed this localization by performing fluorescence in situ hybridization on BM88-positive cosmid clones isolated from a human genomic library. These results suggest that BM88 may be a candidate gene for genetic disorders associated with alterations at 11p15.5. Sequence data for the human and mouse BM88 cDNAs have been deposited in the EMBL/GenBank Nucleotide Sequence Databases under accession numbers AF235030 and AF243130, respectively.
<i>Wolbachia</i> in the lateral chord and the pseudocoelomic cavity of a 6 weeks old female <i>B. malayi</i>.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>Panel A</b> Overview of the lateral chord and one uterus branch at the distal part of the worm showing numerous <i>Wolbachia</i> in the lateral chord and few extracellular <i>Wolbachia</i> (arrowheads) in the pseudocoelomatic cavity. Note the two large dividing endobacteria (arrow). <b>B</b> Close-up of the two extracellular <i>Wolbachia</i> from panel A showing only one thick cell envelope (arrowheads). <b>C</b> Another part of the lateral chord showing <i>Wolbachia</i> and numerous single and double membrane vesicles (arrows). W, <i>Wolbachia</i>; g, glycogen; ps, pseudocoelom; m, mitochondrion, lc, lateral, chord; in, intestine. Scale bar corresponds to 500 nm.</p>
Design Space Exploration Of Field Programmable Counter Arrays And Their Integration With FPGAs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Field Programmable Counter Arrays (FPCAs) have been recently introduced to close the gap between FPGA and ASICs for arithmetic dominated applications. FPCAs are reconfigurable lattices that can be embedded into FPGAs to efficiently compute the result of multi-operand additions. The first contribution of this work is a Design Space Exploration (DSE) of the FPCAs and the identification of trade-offs between different parameters which describe them. Methods for analyzing and pruning the design space are proposed to enable a smart exploration. Finally, a set of best performing architectures in terms of area and delay is determined. Secondly, a study of possible integration schemes to build a hybrid FPGA/FPCA chip is performed. The goal is to find a solution with optimal usage of on-chip silicon area. The advantages and disadvantages of each solution are studied and a new integration solution based on properties of FPCAs is suggested. A VLSI implementation proves the applicability of the proposed solutions.
Integrated history in a psychiatric ward.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study begins from the hypothesis that the psychiatric admission can be considered to be, in many cases, a symptomatical act in which the patient, his family, the relational context that sends him and the institution as a whole take part. Such hypothesis has become necessary at the moment of the request for hospitalization, together with news from the patient and from his context about: the sender, the motivations, the type of request, the type of the insufficiency-urgency it is responding, the phenomenon of the "presenting disturbance", a greater definition of the problem by everyone... This work will have the object to look for a correlation between the course of the illness and the life cycle, to attempt to give a historicity of the crisis and the request of the hospitalization, too often presented, lived, received and cured as historically closed.
Capital Structure and Firm Performance among the listed Agro-Allied Firms in Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study empirically investigated the effect of capital structure on firm performance among agro-allied firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2003 to 2017. Pooled OLS, random effect and fixed effect regressions were used to analyse the data. Performance was measured by return on investment, return on assets and earnings per share while capital structure was captured by leverage and equity finance. Equity finance was found to have a significant effect on returns on investment and assets while leverage impacted earnings per share. Also, firms’ growth and age were positively related to performance while size had an inverse relationship. Therefore, firms should adopt an efficient equity-debt ratio that significantly improves performance over a specific production period.
Zdeněk Fibich's Musical Speech in His Concert Melodramas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Melodram jako hudebně literární druh zaujímá zcela zvláštní postavení v dějinách umění. Melodram se díky vlastním dějinám projevil jako samostatný umělecký druh a vydělily se různé typy od monodramu přes duodrama a koncertní melodram ke scénickému melodramu. Melodram se tešil obzvlášní pozornosti českých skladatelů, Jiří Benda proslul jako jeden z prvních úspěšných tvůrců v tomto oboru a František Škroup uvedl melodram jako národní druh do české řeči. Vrchol tohoto vývoje představuje šest koncertních melodramů a cyklus scénických melodramů Hippodamie Zdeňka Fibicha. Jaroslav Jiránek mluvil o kulminačním bodě evropského melodramu. Příspěvek se zabývá způsoby, kterými Fibich tvořil své koncertní melodramy, a ptá se, co vypovídají o umělecko-politických názorech skladatele.
An NoC-based CNN Accelerator for Edge Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are developing in the direction of low-computation and high-precision lightweight algorithms. However, conventional accelerators cannot achieve high performance for lightweight algorithms. Network-on-Chip (NoC) can solve this problem because of its configurable on-chip dataflow and large on-chip bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a new dual-layer NoC-based CNN accelerator with an optimized router for edge computing. Furthermore, we design a loop unfolding and mapping scheme based on the NoC so that the accelerator architecture can adapt to the data delivery requirements of various CNN algorithms with strong algorithmic generality. Our design is based on the SMIC 40nm process, and the core area is 9 mm2. The experimental results on MobileNet and RepVGG show a peak performance of 51.2 GOPS. The power consumption is 301.7 mW, and the energy efficiency reaches 169.7 GOPS/W at 200 MHz.
Determinants of Profitability in Indonesian Islamic Banks: A Study on Financing to Deposit Ratio

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, with a specific focus on Return on Assets (ROA) as the profitability metric. Despite the significant growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia, the challenge of maintaining profitability remains critical. The analysis involved classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroskedasticity tests, followed by regression analysis. The results indicate that FDR does not have a statistically significant effect on ROA. These findings challenge the assumption that FDR is a primary determinant of profitability in Islamic banks and suggest that other factors and financial indicators must be considered. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive financial management strategies and robust risk management practices. It also highlights the relevance of agency and signaling theories in improving governance and financial performance. The findings provide valuable insights for bank managers and policymakers to enhance the financial health and sustainability of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. Further research should explore additional variables and more complex models to deepen the understanding of profitability determinants in Islamic banking.