jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climatic impact of the Millennium eruption of Changbaishan volcano in China: New insights from high‐precision radiocarbon wiggle‐match dating

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Changbaishan volcano in northeast China, previously dated to have erupted around the mid‐10th century A.D., is renowned for producing one of the largest eruptions in history (magnitude 6.8) and thus speculated to have substantial climatic impact. Here we report a new high‐precision 14 C wiggle‐match age of A.D. 946 ± 3 obtained from a 264 year old tree trunk (with bark) killed during the eruption, using the OxCal's Bayesian modeling approach with 27 sequentially sampled annual rings of decadal intervals. The new chronology conforms well to the calendar date of A.D. 946 for the eruption inferred from historical documentary evidence. We find no stratospherically loaded sulfate spike that might be associated with the A.D. 946 eruption in the global volcanism record from the GISP2 ice core, suggesting the stratospheric sulfate aerosols produced during the eruption were not transported to the arctic region, due probably to its relatively low stratospheric sulfur emission and the seasonal effects of the atmospheric circulation at the time of the eruption that likely occurred in the winter of A.D. 946–947. Since the stratospheric volcanic sulfates are the main cause of large‐scale climate perturbations, this finding indicates that the Millennium eruption of Changbaishan volcano might have limited regional climatic effects, rather than global or hemispheric impact as implied by its magnitude.
The normative development of laws on asset preservation and confiscation: An examination of emerging best practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The practice of international asset recovery appears to be in the process of moving beyond the provisions contained in the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). These provisions were negotiated twenty years ago, and are now insufficient given the serious contemporary challenges involved in tracing, preserving, confiscating, and returning assets. This article focuses on the limitations of UNCAC’s provisions concerning the preservation and confiscation of foreign assets. These limitations, and the need for progressive development, appear to have been recognized by the UNCAC Review Mechanism, which monitors the implementation of UNCAC by states parties. The Review Mechanism has begun encouraging states parties to adopt “good practices” that go beyond UNCAC’s minimum requirements. In doing so, however, the Review Mechanism has not offered guidance on how exactly states parties ought to go about implementing the best practices that they have identified. The asset recovery laws of Canada, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom demonstrate the need for further consideration of how domestic asset recovery laws ought to be developed. These laws highlight some of the difficult issues raised by more flexible, informal, and rapid forms of international cooperation in the asset recovery context. In particular, they underscore the challenges involved in balancing the general, public interest in combating corruption and recovering stolen assets with respect for and protection of human rights.
The study of AT1R blocker on the inhibition of proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of Losartan on cell proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cell lines(HO8910)in vitro.Methods The effects of different concentrations of losartan applied in HO8910 cells in vitro were observed by MTT assay.And the proliferation cycle of HO8910 cells were determined by flow cytometry.Results Losartan suppressed the proliferation of HO8910 in a dose-dependent manner.The G0/G1 ratio in the proliferation cycle of HO8910 cells was significantly higher.Conclusion Losartan can inhibit the proliferation of HO8910 cells compared with control group,which can give reference in adjuvant chemotherapy.
Advocating world cinema’s multipolorization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Globalization has long had a westernized and westernizing meaning. The word “globalization” itself represents an enduring modern conflict among major Kulturkreise (cultural circles). Today, another major “non-western” major Kulturkreis, East Asia, or more specifically, China (which both suffered and benefited from a radical westernization), has reached its economic summit to become a potential new pole confronting the western world’s cultural domination. Cinema, like most fields, is of western-origin and western-dominant in most of its senses. The universality of world cinema seems to be equal to a homogeneity under western or western-origin dominance, while visual anthropology, also of western origin, can offer a self-reflexive critique for the sake of pluralizing world cinema. The author argues that a fairer solution, both for the western world and some other eventual and emerging dominant cultural powers, would be that the western world itself gives up its Eurocentric dominance while helping other main Kulturkreise establish their own poles. This could in turn maintain the western world’s importance, while ending the Euro- or Occido-centrism in the field of cinema. If (un)translatability is the reason for further globalization of world cinema, its eventual domination by which power being unknown, this essay would hence advocate for the decategorization of cinema. That is to say, to loosen its boundary and understand it as part of a “logic” within a specific (cross-)cultural background in which a film is made.
An advanced approach for estimation of PCU values on undivided urban roads under heterogeneous traffic conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Majority of the existing studies on passenger car unit (PCU) estimation are limited to inter-urban and divided urban roads. The characteristics of traffic on undivided urban roads are completely different from those on divided roads. This study aims to estimate the PCU values on undivided urban roads with varying traffic conditions. Estimation of PCU requires speed information for individual vehicle categories. Hence, a universal Kriging-based speed prediction model was developed and utilized for PCU estimation. The model was constructed based on the classified traffic volume and speed data that were collected by videography method on undivided urban road segments in different cities in India. The proposed model was utilized to study the effects of traffic volume, traffic composition, and carriageway width on PCU. An alternative approach of 'Stream Equivalency Factor' has also been suggested in this paper. Use of this approach can simplify the process of determining the homogeneous equivalent of a mixed traffic flow.
Odd-Leg Birdcages for Geometric Decoupling in Multinuclear Imaging and Spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The utility of interleaved odd-number leg birdcage coils is demonstrated for decoupling in double- and triple-tuned multinuclear applications. The birdcage was designed to geometrically decouple from a planar double-tuned (1H-23Na) array and from a 31P saddle coil insert to create a triple-tuned configuration. Comparisons between an actively detuned coil and a purely geometrically decoupled architecture were used to demonstrate the capabilities of the design. In particular cases, the simplicity and adaptability of the interleaved nine-leg design for multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offer a straightforward alternative to the often complex and lossy designs currently available for multinuclear birdcages and volume coils.
Abstract TP232: Characteristics of Stroke in Women Vary by Race and Ethnicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To identify differences in ischemic stroke characteristics, such as risk factors, severity, and type, in a multiethnic population of women. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all women hospitalized at an urban, public safety net hospital from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2015 with possible stroke and documented initial NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were ascertained. Male and transgender patients were excluded. Patient charts were reviewed by the coauthors for demographics, stroke risk factors, stroke characteristics and clinical outcomes. Strokes were classified using TOAST criteria. Differences between races/ethnicities were calculated using chi-square, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: A total of 254 women were included in this study. Mean patient age was 71±15 (range 24-100) years; there was no difference across race/ethnicity [F(3, 254) = 2.40, p=0.068]. Distribution of race/ethnicity was 34% Asian/Pacific Islander (n=87), 23% Hispanic (n=59), 22% Black (n=57), and 20% Caucasian (n=51). Mean initial NIHSS was 10±7; across races/ethnicities, there was no significant difference in NIHSS [F(3, 254) = 0.22, p=0.880] or discharge to self-care [χ 2 (3, n=254) = 1.627, p=0.653]. Significantly fewer Black women were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation [χ 2 (3, n=254) = 13.964, p=0.003], and significantly more Asian women had intracranial atherosclerosis [χ 2 (3, n=254) = 13.857, p=0.003], compared with the other races/ethnicities. Black women were also significantly less likely to have a stroke due to a cardioembolic etiology [χ 2 (3, n=254) = 20.277, p < 0.001] compared with other races/ethnicities. With regard to cerebrovascular risk factors, significantly more Black women had a history of tobacco use [χ 2 (3, n=254) = 16.194, p=0.001); there were no significant differences across races/ethnicities with regard to history of prior stroke, coronary artery disease, carotid disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: There were significant differences in stroke risk factors and stroke types between races/ethnicities, especially among Black and Asian women. Identification of these differences is important for targeted stroke prevention.
Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper) ant venom: identification of allergens and revised nomenclature

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: The 'Jack Jumper Ant' (JJA; Myrmecia pilosula species complex) is the major cause of ant sting anaphylaxis in Australia. Our aims were to determine \nthe allergenicity of previously described venom peptides in their native forms, identify additional allergens and if necessary, update nomenclature used to describe the allergens according to International Union of Immunological \nSocieties criteria. \n \nMethods: Various polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods were used to separate JJA venom. Gel resolved venom was Western-blotted and probed with individual sera taken from patients with a history of JJA sting anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E radioallergosorbent test (IgE RAST) tracer uptakes of >1% to whole venom. \n \nResults: Of 67 available sera, 54 had RAST uptakes >1%. Thirteen IgE binding bands were identified using these sera. Pilosulin 3, [Ile5]pilosulin 1, and pilosulin \n4.1 were recognized by 42 (78%), 18 (33%) and nine (17%) of the 54 sera that were tested. Immunoglobulin E-binding proteins with estimated molecular masses of 6.6, 22.8, 25.6, 30.4, 32.1, 34.4 and 89.8 kDa were each recognized by \nthree or more individual sera. Two of these (25.6 and 89.8 kDa) were recognized by 46% and 37% of sera, respectively. \n \nConclusion: Nomenclature used to describe JJA venom allergens has been revised. Pilosulin 3 (Myr p 2) is the only major allergen, whilst [Ile5]pilosulin 1 \n(Myr p 1), and pilosulin 4.1 (Myr p 3) are minor allergens. There are an additional five IgE-binding proteins that require further characterization before they \ncan be named as allergens. These findings provide a framework for standardizing venom extracts for diagnosis and immunotherapy.
A novel trajectory tracking methodology using structured adaptive model inversion for uninhabited aerial vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structured adaptive model inversion is used for designing adaptive flight control laws to track a target reference trajectory for autonomous UAVs. The mathematical model of the plant is refined by incorporating the known structured kinematic nonlinearities arising out of the gyroscopic coupling and the Coriolis terms thereby rendering the plant to have an "almost" exact nonlinear structure. For the aircraft problem, this presents us a model uncertain only in the aerodynamics and propulsive influences. The uncertain parameters are continuously estimated using an adaptation law. The control law presented realizes prescribed linear tracking error dynamics in the kinematic state vector. The overall closed loop dynamics is nonlinear. The controller designed using SAMI enforces the desired kinematic state error dynamics and guarantees tracking stability in the presence of model errors and unknown external disturbances. We show that the closed loop system is globally stable, although no claim can be made with regards to convergence of the adaptation parameters, as usual for controllers of this class.
Pathway to Ascertain the Role of Pharmacogenomics in Healthcare Utilization Outcomes [Response to Letter]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paul Y Takahashi,1 Euijung Ryu,2 James R Cerhan,3 Suzette J Bielinski,3 Janet E Olson3 1Division of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USACorrespondence: Paul Y TakahashiDivision of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USATel +1-507-284-2511Fax +1-507-266-2297Email Takahashi.paul@mayo.edu\nWe appreciate the thoughts of Dr. Roman and his comments. We understand that&amp;nbsp;the number of identified pharmacogenomic genes continues to increase with time,&amp;nbsp;and the clinical utility also increases with time and expert opinion. We chose theseselected pharmacogenes because of their strong clinical practice recommendations&amp;nbsp;and the data available at the time of the gene selection.1 Due largely to the efforts&amp;nbsp;associated with other initiatives within the RIGHT study, our clinical practice set upspecific electronic medical record best practice alerts for these pharmacogenes, and&amp;nbsp;it was believed that there was the potential for change in clinical care for patients&amp;nbsp;with extreme phenotypes.2 We did not design the study to specifically look at allpharmacogenomic genes.\n&amp;nbsp;\nView the original paper by Takahashi and colleagues\n&amp;nbsp;\nThis is in response to the Letter to the Editor
Ultrasensitive Detection of Attomolar Protein Concentrations by Dropcast Single Molecule Assays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Measurements of very low levels of biomolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, remain a critical challenge in many clinical diagnostic applications due to insufficient sensitivity. While digital measurement methods such as Single Molecule Arrays (Simoa), or digital ELISA, have made significant advances in sensitivity, there are still many potential disease biomarkers that exist in accessible biofluids at levels below the detection limits of these techniques. To overcome this barrier, we have developed a simple strategy for single molecule counting, dropcast single molecule assays (dSimoa), that enables more target molecules to be counted through increased sampling efficiency and with a simpler workflow. In this approach, beads are simply dropcast onto a microscope slide and dried into a monolayer film for digital signal readout. The dSimoa platform achieves attomolar limits of detection, with an up to 25-fold improvement in sensitivity over Simoa, the current state of the art for ultrasensitive protein detection. Furthermore, due to its simple readout process and improved cost-effectiveness compared to existing digital bioassays, dSimoa increases amenability to integration into point-of-care platforms. As an illustration of the potential utility of dSimoa, we demonstrate its ability to measure previously undetectable levels of Brachyury, a tissue biomarker for chordoma, in plasma samples. With its significantly enhanced sensitivity and simplicity, dSimoa can pave the way toward the discovery of new biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and improved health outcomes.
Effects of Amidine Derivatives on Parasite-Macrophage Interaction and Evaluation of Toxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this work, the effect of amidine derivatives (with bromine and methoxy as substituents) in the "in vitro" parasite-macrophage interaction was evaluated. The potential toxicity was also analyzed. The results show that the methoxy-derivative was able to decrease the percentage of "in vitro" infection, being not hazardous to the host cell. Furthermore, experiments using Balb/c mice showed that this compound was very effective in avoiding infection in these animals. On the other hand, the compound with bromine as substituent was toxic to macrophages and unable to prevent infection in Balb/c mice. Pentamidine isethionate, used as reference drug, was not efficient in both experiments.
Symmetry in World-Historic Perspective: Reply to Lynch

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract William Lynch has persistently questioned the politics underlying my appeal to science and technology studies’ flagship symmetry principle. He believes that it licenses the worst features of the ‘post-truth condition’. I respond in two parts, the first facing the future and the second facing the past. In the first part, I argue that the symmetry principle will be crucial in decisions that society will increasingly need to make concerning the inclusion of animals and machines on grounds of sentience, consciousness, intelligence, etc. In the second part, I argue that the symmetry principle has been in fact at the core of the ‘justice as fairness’ idea that has been at the core of both liberal and socialist democracies. Difficulties start once the means of expression and communication are made widely available and the standards of fairness are subject to continual questioning and renegotiation.
Enhancements to decomposition based multidisciplinary design through the use of intelligent agents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multidisciplinary design generally involves cooperative activity between teams of disciplinary specialists representing the many different facets of the design problem. At any instant, individual team members may either be looking at the design from their own disciplinary perspective, or within a particular discipline, be examining the design at a different level of detail. In order to support such teamwork effectively, a computational system should not only facilitate the automation of mundane individual tasks, but should also help team members share information and coordinate their actions as they explore alternatives in search of an optimal or near-optimal solution. The present paper describes an implementation of a recently emergent computational paradigm, commonly referred to as intelligent agents (IA's), in the design of multidiscipli nary systems. The Concurrent Subspace Optimization (CSSO) approach to decomposition based design is explored in this context. The IA environment is shown to provide an effective infrastructure for control and coordination of the decompositiondriven design optimization procedure. A multidisciplinary design problem involving the design of a highspeed civil transport aircraft is used as a numerical testbed in this study.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Ketones and Imines under Solvent‐Free Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The zinc acetate promoted asymmetric hydrosilylation of various ketones and imines under solvent‐free conditions was examined by using an unprecedented low catalyst loading. Exposure of ketones to 0.05 mol % Zn‐based chiral diamine complex in the presence of triethoxysilane afforded enantioenriched alcohols in excellent yields (up to 98 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee ). This methodology also allowed for the chemoselective 1,2‐reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones and imines.
Design and test of signal processing hardware for two-dimensional phased array digital multi-beam system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing use of digital array radars, radar signal processing systems have higher performance requirements. This article introduces a signal processing hardware design for the two-dimensional phased array digital multi-beam system. Because of its digital multi-beam characteristics, it is very demanding on the radar signal processing system's computing power, processing speed, and data throughput. This paper proposes a design of signal processing hardware based on Xilinx FPGA Virtex-7 and two multi-core digital signal processors (DSP) to meet the requirements of two-dimensional phased array digital multi-beam system. Subsequent experiments and engineering practices show that this design scheme can fully meet the requirements of the system.
Cardiovascular risk evaluation through heart rate variability analysis in psoriatic patients before and after 24 weeks of etanercept therapy: Prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the influence of etanercept, an anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α agent, on autonomic cardiovascular regulation in young patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis without cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Patients with psoriasis underwent 5-min electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings before and after 24 weeks of etanercept therapy. Linear heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed. Results The study recruited 19 patients. Frequency-domain analysis showed a significant decrease in oscillatory components attributable to sympathetic activity (LF%) and a significant decrease in low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio following etanercept therapy. Conclusion Treatment with etanercept in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis could affect cardiovascular autonomic regulation, and subsequently reduce cardiovascular risk.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO/PPy/PbS QDs Nanocomposite Prepared by Self-Assembly Combining With SILAR Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a high-performance liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor based on zinc oxide/polypyrrole/lead sulfide quantum dots (ZnO/PPy/PbS QDs) nanocomposite film was demonstrated, which was fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique. The nanostructure features of the as-prepared ZnO/PPy/PbS nanocomposite film were confirmed by various characterization techniques. The room temperature gas-sensing investigation of the ZnO/PPy/PbS QDs nanocomposite sensor was performed against LPG gas in a wide concentration range. The experimental results showed an outstanding response for LPG sensing at room temperature compared with previous reports, the response can reach 45.47% at 1000 ppm LPG. And it also demonstrated good selectivity and excellent repeatability. The sensing mechanism of the PPy/ZnO/PbS QDs nanocomposite film gas sensor is owing to the p-n heterojunction created at the ZnO/PPy interface, as well as much more active adsorption sites.