jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Social Media Campaigning in Greece: The Case of the 2023 National Parliamentary Elections

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In contemporary democracies, social media platforms are widely used for political campaigning, with political figures seeking to connect with diverse segments of the public. This study aims to illuminate the implementation of online political campaigning in Greece by analysing the content shared on four social media platforms (Facebook, X, Instagram, and TikTok) by the leaders of the three principal political parties during the 2023 pre-election phase. We employ content analysis to evaluate primarily the textual and secondarily the visual elements of the posts (N = 1.222) found on the relevant accounts, using a coding framework that comprises 32 variables. The research draws on concepts pertinent to the platformised era, such as “virality,” “personalisation,” and “network media logic,” to highlight how contemporary politicians favour direct and easily comprehensible communication patterns with citizens. The results suggest that political leaders in Greece utilise social media as a means of emotionally mobilising voters. X and Facebook emerged as the primary platforms for distributing political messages, while Instagram and TikTok focused more on personalised and non-political content. The elements of personalisation were particularly prominent in the posts made by the leader of the Conservative Party (New Democracy), who demonstrated greater proficiency in utilising TikTok’s features.
Effects of chronic ACTH stimulation on the morphology of the rat adrenal cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of chronic ACTH treatment (Depot Synacthen, 100 μg/day) on the morphology of the rat adrenal were studied in animals treated for 1 to 18 days. The gross weight of the adrenal increased up to tenfold, but although mitotic figures were seen after 3 days in the glomerulosa region, most of this is attributable to a vast increase in blood content. After 3 days of treatment the sinusoids in the reticularis became extremely dilated, and red blood cells penetrated the endothelial wall to become tightly packed around the cortical cells. This led to the gross distortion of the organization of the cortical tissue and after 7 days the cells in the reticularis region were isolated from each other by the continual infiltration of red blood cells. These changes gradually progressed outward so that other regions of the cortex became similarly affected. Eventually the cord‐like arrangement of the fasciculata was disrupted. After 18 days of treatment, most of the cortex was involved and only a very thin layer of cells lying beneath the adrenal capsule was seemingly unaffected. Another major effect of corticotrophin treatment was the gradual loss of cellular differentiation, particularly of glomerulosa cells. Although the glomerulosa appeared normal after 1 day of treatment, cells of the fasciculata abut directly on the connective tissue capsule following 3 days of ACTH administration. Eventually glomerulosa cells disappeared almost completely, although there was no sign of cellular necrosis. It is likely that glomerulosa cells are transformed into fasciculata‐type cells under ACTH treatment. This interpretation is consistent with functional changes that occur at the same time, including the loss of aldosterone synthetic capacity.
Gastric and duodenal polyps in familial polyposis coli.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endoscopy with multiple biopsies of the upper gastrointestinal tract was repeated yearly over a two to six year period in nine patients with familial polyposis coli from three families. Adenomatous polyps, one to 20 in number and 2-8 mm in size, were detected in the antrum and the first and second duodenal portions in seven patients, while hyperplastic polyps were detected in four patients in the gastric body. In two patients adenomatous tubules were observed in the biopsies of endoscopically normal mucosa from the same area where adenomatous polyps later developed. Lymphoid polyps were detected in the antrum in three cases. Double contrast radiology correlated poorly with endoscopy in the gastric body; it allowed detection of polyps in the third duodenal portion in two more patients. These results confirm that the incidence of adenomas in the upper gastrointestinal tract in familial polyposis coli may be higher than previously suspected.
Protein C Deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Protein C (PC) deficiency is a heritable or acquired risk factor for thrombophilia, with presentations varying from asymptomatic to venous thromboembolism to neonatal purpura fulminans, a life-threatening disorder. Hereditary PC deficiency is caused by mutation in the PC (PROC) gene located on chromosome 2q14.3. Heterozygous and acquired PC deficiencies are more common than homozygous deficiency. The recommended initial laboratory test measures PC activity using either clot-based or chromogenic methods. There are numerous potential interferences in PC activity testing that may result in either false-positive (falsely low activity) or false-negative (falsely normal or elevated activity) results. In the present review, we discuss common clinical presentations; laboratory testing, with a focus on potential assay interferences; treatment options; and prognosis in patients with PC deficiency.
A cross-platform parallel MoM code with ScaLAPACK solver

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To make the MoM code more applicable to real world problems, an efficient load-balancing MPI based parallel MoM solver is presented here. An efficient matrix filling scheme is presented to make the parallelization more convenient and efficient. The code has been successfully compiled with Windows and Linux operating systems and run on different Platforms such as DELL 1855 Cluster and HP Itanium 2 Server. Several numerical results have been presented to demonstrate the high parallel efficiency and the portability of the code.
An experiment comparing the postabortal performance of the Lippes loop, Copper T, and Dalkon shield.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

300 insertions each of the Lippes loop intrauterine device, the Copper T device, and the Dalkon shield were evaluated in postabortion patients from June through October 1973. The incidence of light bleeding, pain, pain with bleeding, and backache was similar for all devices at early follow-up, although the Lippes loop had a slightly lower overall incidence of side effects than the Copper T and the Dalkin shield. The aggregated clinical and interview data indicate 310 terminations. Women with previous Lippes loop experience tolerated all 3 devices as well as other women did, and had fewer terminations when a loop was inserted postabortally.
Varicose Veins in Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDIALORThis patient, a woman 20 years old, pre- sented at this Department on 20 July 1964 with a lesion on the left cheek below the left eye.This was erythematous, slightly scaly, somewhat raised, and circumscribed by a ring of vesicles.It measured 4.25 cm. in diameter, and was of six weeks' duration.The patient's history was not contributory.Scrapings from the lesion revealed mycelium, and on culture yielded T. megninii.The maproscopical and microscopical morphology was typical of the species.Further- more, this strain demonstrated clearly, in two successive cultural tests, its absolute requirement for histidine on the synthetic basal medium de- vised by Georg for this purpose.'On this medium it is unable to produce any growth in the absence of histidine, whereas T. rubrum, which in many other respects it resembles, is able to grow well on this medium, irrespective of the presence or absence of histidine.This strain of T. megninii was sensitive in vitro at 27' C.to 10 jug./ml. of griseofulvin in Sabouraud glucose broth.For comparison with this strain, one of the isolates of T. megninii obtained by Dr. I. Sarkany and his colleagues at the Royal Free Hospital, London, was used in parallel series in these tests, and they were found to be similar in all respects.
Non-mydriatic fundus photography as an alternative to indirect ophthalmoscopy for screening of diabetic retinopathy in community settings: a comparative pilot study in rural and tribal India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The impending and increasing prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in India has necessitated a need for affordable and valid community outreach screening programme for DR, especially in rural and far to reach indigenous local communities. The present study is a pilot study aimed to compare non-mydriatic fundus photography with indirect ophthalmoscopy for its utilisation as a feasible and logistically convenient screening modality for DR in an older age, rural, tribal population in Western India. Design and setting This community-based, cross-sectional, prospective population study was a part of a module using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness and DR methodology in 8340 sampled participants with ≥50 years age. In this study, the diabetics identified were screened for DR using two methods: non-mydriatic fundus photography on the field by trained professionals, that were then graded by a retina specialist at the base hospital and indirect ophthalmoscopy by expert ophthalmologists in the field with masking of each other’s findings for its utility and comparison. Results The prevalence of DR, sight threatening DR and maculopathy using indirect ophthalmoscopy was found to be 12.1%, 2.1% and 6.6%, respectively. A fair agreement (κ=0.48 for DR and 0.59 for maculopathy) was observed between both the detection methods. The sensitivity and specificity of fundus photographic evaluation compared with indirect ophthalmoscopy were found to be 54.8% and 92.1% (for DR), 60.7% and 90.8% (for any DR) and 84.2% and 94.8% (for only maculopathy), respectively. Conclusion Non-mydriatic fundus photography has the potential to identify DR (any retinopathy or maculopathy) in community settings in Indian population. Its utility as an affordable and logistically convenient cum practical modality is demonstrable. The sensitivity of this screening modality can be further increased by investing in better resolution cameras, capturing quality images and training and validation of imagers. Trial registration number CTRI/2020/01/023025; Clinical Trial Registry, India (CTRI).
Data from Aggressive Mammary Cancers Lacking Lymphocytic Infiltration Arise in Irradiated Mice and Can Be Prevented by Dietary Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Because the incidence of breast cancer increases decades after ionizing radiation exposure, aging has been implicated in the evolution of the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Here, we investigated radiation-induced carcinogenesis using a model in which the mammary glands of 10-month-old BALB/c mice were transplanted with <i>Trp53</i>-null mammary tissue 3 days after exposure to low doses of sparsely ionizing γ-radiation or densely ionizing particle radiation. Mammary transplants in aged, irradiated hosts gave rise to significantly more tumors that grew more rapidly than those in sham-irradiated mice, with the most pronounced effects seen in mice irradiated with densely ionizing particle radiation. Tumor transcriptomes identified a characteristic immune signature of these aggressive cancers. Consistent with this, fast-growing tumors exhibited an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with few infiltrating lymphocytes, abundant immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and high COX-2 and TGFβ. Only irradiated hosts gave rise to tumors lacking cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes (defined here as immune desert), which also occurred in younger irradiated hosts. These data suggest that host irradiation may promote immunosuppression. To test this, young chimera mice were fed chow containing a honeybee-derived compound with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). CAPE prevented the detrimental effects of host irradiation on tumor growth rate, immune signature, and immunosuppression. These data indicated that low-dose radiation, particularly densely ionizing exposure of aged mice, promoted more aggressive cancers by suppressing antitumor immunity. Dietary intervention with a nontoxic immunomodulatory agent could prevent systemic effects of radiation that fuel carcinogenesis, supporting the potential of this strategy for cancer prevention.</p></div>
The Value of Wheat Middlings in Winter Supplements for Beef Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eighty-four spring calving Hereford and Hereford x Angus cows in trial 1 and 96 in trial 2 were grazed on dormant native tallgrass pastures and were Individually fed supplements to evaluate the value of wheat middlings. In trial 1, wheat middlings (WM) were compared to soybean meal (SBM) and isonitrogenous cornlS8M mixtures (16% CP, CIS). Supplements were fed 6 dlwk from November 4 to April 21. Treatments were two levels of CP (.21 or .54 kg) from SBM, WM, or CIS in a 2 by 3 factorial arrangement. Precalving and total winter cow weight changes were improved for WM and CIS compared to SBM when fed .54 kg CP bUlt not the .21 kg CP level. Precalving and winter cow weight and condition changes were similar for WM and CIS at both levels of CP. Pregnancy rates tended (P<.15) to be greater for WM and CIS at both levels of CPo Birth weights were greater (P<.05) for calves of cows fed supplements providing .54 kg CP. Trial 2 was conducted to detlermine the amount of WM needed for cows to perform as well as when fed 1.36 kg SBM. Cows were supplemented with 1.36 kg SBM or 2.27,2.84, and 3.41 kg of WM .daily to provide .55, .34, .44, and .55 k,g CP, respectively. Supplements were fed 6 dlwk from November 1 to April 18. Cow weight changes from November 1 to calving increased linearly (P<.01) With Increasing amounts of WM and were 20, 28, and 47 kg for 2.27, 2.84, and 3.41 kgld WM compared to SBM-fed cows that gained 35 kg. Cow weight changes were similar from precalving to beginning of breeding. Pregnancy rates temded to be greater (P<.10) for cows fed WM than for cows fed an isonitrogenous amount of S8M. Calf birth weights increased linearly (P<.01) with increasing amounts of WM. Weaning weights of calves were similar for cows on all treatments. In conclusion, WIVI appear to be at least equal to isonitrogenous GIS blends as wint.er supplements to spring calving cows on lowqualIty forage. Linear increases in precalving. cow weight change with increasing levels of WM Indlcate that the protein andlor energy In WM IS well utilized.
Translating Molecular Technologies into Routine Newborn Screening Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As biotechnologies advance and better treatment regimens emerge, there is a trend toward applying more advanced technologies and adding more conditions to the newborn screening (NBS) panel. In the current Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP), all conditions but one, congenital hypothyroidism, have well-defined genes and inheritance patterns, so it is beneficial to incorporate molecular testing in NBS when it is necessary and appropriate. Indeed, the applications of molecular technologies have taken NBS to previously uncharted territory. In this paper, based on our own program experience and what has been reported in the literature, we describe current practices regarding the applications of molecular technologies in routine NBS practice in the era of genomic and precision medicine.
Distributed Adaptive Finite-Time Consensus for High-Order Multi-Agent Systems with Intermittent Communications under Switching Topologies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a distributed adaptive finite-time consensus (FTC) control protocol for a high-order multi-agent system (MAS) with intermittent communications under switching topologies is proposed. Meanwhile, considering the problem of heterogeneous unknown nonlinearities and other uncertain disturbances, the adaptive neural network and the sliding mode control method are used to compensate the nonlinearity of each agent separately. The agents are homogeneous, so the system has symmetry. The switching topologies considered in this paper are asymmetric. Compared with consensus protocol for asymptotic convergence, simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the presence of the nonlinear and accelerate the convergence speed of the system so that an FTC can be reached.
Reliability-Based Marginal Cost Pricing Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter is concerned with first-best marginal cost pricing (MCP) in a stochastic network with both supply and travel demand uncertainty and perception errors within the travelers’ route choice decision processes. To account for the travelers’ perception error, moment analysis is adopted in this chapter to derive the mean and variance of total perceived travel time of the network. We then developed a Perceived Risk-Based Stochastic Network Marginal Cost Pricing (PRSN-MCP) model. Furthermore, in order to illustrate the effect of incorporating both stochastic supply and demand into the PRSN-MCP model, the calculation of the PRSN-MCP model is divided up into four scenarios under different simplifications of network uncertainties. Numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the importance and properties of the proposed model. The main finding is that ignoring the effect of stochastic travel demand, capacity degradation, and travelers’ perception error may significantly reduce the performance of the first-best MCP tolls, especially under high traveler’s confidence and network congestion levels.
Peroperative fat staining of frozen sections in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Roth and Gallaher recently described a fat staining method for rapid peroperative differentiation between parathyroid adenoma and chief cell hyperplasia. They used Sudan IV in a solution of ethanol and acetone. This solution, however, was found to cause a considerable dissolution of small lipid droplets from the tissue; in our hands sections stained with this technique were diffcult to interpret. To diminish the loss of fat from the tissue, we have used a modification of Lillie's supersaturated ispropanol method with oil red O. This method gave a deeper staining and increased the difference between hyperfunctioning and unnivolved parathyroid tissue with respect to the amount of stainable lipid in the chief cells. It was found to be a valuable supplement, adding a functional dimension to the structural interpretation of the tissue, and it facilitated the peroperative distinction between ademona and hyperplasia. The pattern of lipid distribution within the glands from patients with nodular hyperplasia suggests that the compact nodules of such glands are autonomously hyperfunctioning, whereas the intervening parts of the parenchyma are more or less responsive to the serum calcium level.
Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides: IV. Effect of Cationic Groups of Lysine, Arginine, and Histidine on Antimicrobial Activity of Peptides with a ‘Circular’ Type of Amphipathicity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMP) XFXXFFXXFF (X5F5) with a 'circular' (helical or cyclic) type of amphipathicity (CTA) has been studied. The studied peptides contain cationic amino acid residues of arginine, lysine, or histidine (X = Arg, Lys, or His). These peptides have been shown to exhibit more than eight times higher antibacterial and ~2 times lower antifungal activity as compared with SAMP XXXXXXXXXFF (X9F2) with a 'linear' type of amphipathicity (LTA). It has been found that the peptides that contain the cationic arginine residues have the highest antibacterial activity, and the histidine-containing peptides have the lowest antibacterial activity. On the contrary, the histidine-containing peptides have the highest fungicidal activity against fungal cultures of Candida albicans. The X5F5 peptides, regardless of their cationic composition, exhibit increased hemolytic activity (20–60% hemolysis at 500-µM peptide concentration in the medium) compared to the X9F2 peptides with a linear type of amphipathicity (no more than 4% hemolysis at the same peptide concentrations). Despite their relatively high hemolytic activity, the average bacterial selectivity of the X5F5 peptides remains quite high; their average geometric therapeutic index (AG TI) is ~10, except for histidine-containing peptides H5F5 (AG TI = 0.5). At the same time, the selectivity of the histidine-containing peptide H5F5 to fungal cells (TI = 2.7) is five times higher than that to bacterial cells but 200 times lower than the fungicidal selectivity of the histidine-containing peptide H9F2 with a 'linear' amphipathic type (TI = 571.4). The arginine- and lysine-containing peptides with a circular type of amphipathicity (R5F5 and K5F5) and histidine-containing peptides with a linear type of amphipathicity (Н9F2) can be recommended to create antibacterial and antifungal drugs, respectively.
Friction on a solid sphere exposed to gas–liquid and gas–liquid–solid flow in bubble column and fluidized bed reactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Local velocity gradients on a solid spherical surface have been studied in a bubble column and in two‐ and three‐phase fluidized beds, in order to clarify the influence of gas flow. The electrochemical method, measuring apparent local mass transfer coefficients, was verified and used to obtain the local velocity gradients, shear stresses and total frictional forces. The observed mass transfer rate was independent of liquid velocity, owing to a non‐changing flow structure around the particles and not to averaging opposing effects. The identity in flow structure also held for three‐phase fluidized beds up to a superficial gas velocity of 5 cm s −1 . The dramatic increase in velocity gradient on gas introduction was not a result of decreased homogenous density, but was caused by a change in the turbulent structure around a particle, leaving a larger portion of the total drag as frictional drag, thus improving the mass transfer characteristics of the bed. Use of velocity gradient measurements, including span of fluctuations and exposure time, to predict biomass growth and mechanical degradation in a reactor is also discussed.