jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Wireless Federated Learning via Doubly Adaptive Quantization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Federated learning (FL) has been recognized as a viable distributed learning paradigm for training a machine learning model across distributed clients without uploading raw data. However, FL in wireless networks still faces two major challenges, i.e., large communication overhead and high energy consumption, which are exacerbated by client heterogeneity in dataset sizes and wireless channels. While model quantization is effective for energy reduction, existing works ignore adapting quantization to heterogeneous clients and FL convergence. To address these challenges, this paper develops an energy optimization problem of jointly designing quantization levels, scheduling clients, allocating channels, and controlling computation frequencies (QCCF) in wireless FL. Specifically, we derive an upper bound identifying the influence of client scheduling and quantization errors on FL convergence. Under the longterm convergence constraints and wireless constraints, the problem is established and transformed into an instantaneous problem with Lyapunov optimization. Solving Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, our closed-form solution indicates that the doubly adaptive quantization level rises with the training process and correlates negatively with dataset sizes. Experiment results validate our theoretical results, showing that QCCF consumes less energy with faster convergence compared with state-of-the-art baselines.
DNA Computing Using Carbon Nanotube-DNA Hybrid Nanostructure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DNA computing is a branch of biomolecular computing using the physical and chemical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. It is a fast-developing interdisciplinary research area consisting of nano-biotechnology, computer science and biochemistry. DNA computing is widely used now-a-days for logic design, biomarker, cryptography, disease detection etc. In recent years, carbon nanotube or CNT research has reached a new peak with its various applications including nano-biocomputing. DNA plays a pivotal role in biology and CNT is considered as a wonder material of this century in nanoscience. This chapter combines these two promising research areas including CNT and DNA to form CNT-DNA based nanostructured system and its applications in diverse fields like electronics, biomedical engineering, drug delivery, gene therapy, biosensor technology etc. CNT-DNA hybrid and its various suitable combinations open up a new dimension called CNT-DNA computing.
First Report of Stem Rot on Hosta plantaginea caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii sporadically afflicted fragrant plantain lily (Hosta plantaginea Aschers.) from 2008 to 2010 in the herb exhibition garden at Gangju Pond, which is located in Jeongchon-myon, Jinju, Korea. The fragrant plantain lilies, which are perennial plants grown in home gardens, recently were planted en mass in parks and public gardens for ornamental purposes, where they form dense communities. During summer, the stems of the plants under the canopy are exposed to warm temperatures and high humidity, which favor disease development. The disease developed mainly on stems near the soil line. Infected stems gradually died, and white mycelial mats appeared on the stem surfaces (Fig. 1A). Often, numerous sclerotia were produced on stem surfaces near the soil line. The heavily infected stems became rotted and blighted, and the whole plant eventually died. The freshly isolated pathogenic fungus grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was examined microscopically and culturally. The optimal growth temperature on PDA was 30°C. Aerial mycelia usually formed many narrow hyphal strands 3-9 μm wide. The white mycelium had a typical clamp connection structure for 4 days after growth at optimum temperature (Fig. 1D). Small globoid sclerotia formed abundantly on the PDA after 20 days of mycelial growth (Fig. 1C). The sclerotia, which were relatively uniform in size at 1-3 mm, were white at first, and then turned dark brown. The maximum number of sclerotia was produced at 25-30 oC. To test pathogenicity, inoculums were prepared with mycelial mats and mixed with autoclaved soil. Then, soil inoculums containing mycelial mats were artificially inoculated onto Hosta plantaginea. The same fungal fruiting symptoms were reproduced, and the fungus was re-isolated based on these symptoms (Fig. 1B). To identify the causal fungus, we amplified and sequenced a partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the isolate using the primers ITS1 and ITS4, as described by White et al. (1990). The resulting sequence of 684-bp was deposited in GenBank (accession no. HM355751). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA4 software, with the neighbor-joining method and Tajima–Nei distance model. Previously published ITS sequences of S. rolfsii strains were included for reference, and S. cepivorum was used as the outgroup (Harlton et al., 1995). Neighbor-joining analysis showed that the two species had similar ITS sequences (Fig. 2). In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2), the isolate was placed within a clade comprising reference isolates of S. rolfsii.
Attachment Style and its relationship to quality of life among middle school students in some demographic variables

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aims to study attachment patterns and their relationship to the quality of life among middle school students in light of some demographic variables: gender (males - females), school stage (first year of middle school - third year of middle school), and their ages range between (12-15) years.The study sample included 200 middle school students (95 boys, 105 girls) and the researcher used tools (a measure of attachment styles among middle school students, a measure of the quality of life among middle school students).The study results: There is a statistically significant correlation between the sample members' scores on the attachment styles scale and their scores on the quality of life scale, There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members according to gender (males - females) in attachment styles in favor of females, There are statistically significant differences between the averages of individuals' grades according to gender (males - females) in quality of life in favor of females, There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members according to age (first middle school - third middle school) in attachment styles in favor of third middle school students, There are statistically significant differences between the averages of individual grades according to age (first middle school - third middle school) in quality of life for the benefit of third middle school students.
Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal commensal microbes, called the gut microbiota, play a critical role in host immune homeostasis through active microbial metabolites and innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysbiosis or imbalance of the gut microbiota composition is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD have been increasing worldwide. It is well recognized that butyrate, a microbial metabolite of diet fibers, is a major energy source for colonocytes and plays a crucial role in regulating immune function and maintaining epithelial barrier function and intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate might be a potential therapeutic agent to treat IBD. In this review, we discuss about gut microbial metabolites, particularly butyrate, the synthesis and metabolism of butyrate, mechanisms of butyrate in immune and epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, we review the current research on various therapeutic implications of butyrate in IBD.
Oxide thermal stability on gamma titanium aluminide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface composition plays an important role in hydrogen embrittlement of the TiAl-based structural alloys proposed for NASP. A clear understanding of the thermal stability of the oxide on the various titanium aluminides will give important insight into the way that hydrogen reacts with these materials in the initial step of the hydriding process. The present work addresses these issues by using surface probes to analyze the thermal stability of an oxide formed under atmospheric conditions on gamma titanium aluminide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) have been employed to characterize the surface composition and bonding when the oxidized material is annealed to {approximately}600{degree}C in vacuum. The measurements show that the oxygen is largely preserved at the surface while the aluminum-oxide bond becomes more prominent.
An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Surveillance Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data transmitted in large scale wireless sensor surveillance networks is highly spatial correlated resulting in transmission of redundant data, which increase the energy consumption. So it has been proposed to select a subset of sensors nodes to transmit their data so as to prevent transmission of redundant data. In this paper, we investigate the ways of selecting sensor nodes and develop a novel spatial correlation-based energy efficient MAC protocol, referred as SEMAC. SEMAC adopts priority node selection algorithm based on node's signal strength and collision avoidance mechanism so that transmission of redundant data is prevented while prioritizes the transmission of route-thru packets. Simulation results show that our protocol achieves higher performance than CC-MAC in terms of energy consumption, transmission latency, packet delivery rate and reconstruction distortion.
Collecting meaningful data on labor use and farm size for economic analysis associated with onfarm trials in subSaharan African

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

On-farm research alms at examining the effects of physical, biological, and socioeconomic factors on the performance of different farming systems as well as testing the acceptability or adoptability of new technology by farmers. Gomez (1977) distinguished these aims as technology development and technology adoption research. Researcher-managed on-farm trials play a more significant role in technology development research, while in the case of technology adoption research, farmer-managed trials become more important. Inland-abundant economies, such as those found in most of sub-Saharan Africa, labor is the most important input in farming systems and the key to development of its agricultural economies (Mellor and Johnson 1984). An accurate estimation of labor productivity is, therefore, vital in the economic assessment of existing technologies as well as the adoption of new technologies in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to make such estimates one needs accurate measures of farm size, the actual labor input (e.g, man-hours/ha). as well as accurate estimates of crop yields. Much of the literature on the design of on-farm experiments is dominated by agronomic features relevant to the estimation and measurement of yield. Most experiments are conducted on small plots, the data from which are extrapolated to the per hectare basis. Little attention is paid to the accurate estimates of farmers' labor use and farm sizes. If we could accurately estimate labor use/ha for small experimental plots (usually less than 100m), we could theoretically obtain all the information necessary for the calculation of the economic profitability of a new technology. However, there are many difficulties involved in using small plots for estimation of labor use at the farm level. This paper discusses the need for estimating labor data from a range of plot sizes, and the accuracy of different methods of estimating farm/plot size in sub-Saharan Africa.
A Pain-free Lancet with a Small Needle for Glucose Measurement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A new lancet with an extremely small needle (0.15 mm diameter and 0.75 mm length) mounted on a small pedestal was tested in diabetic patients for blood glucose measurement in a randomized clinical study. A total of 37 diabetic patients were enrolled for the study. A pain scale categorized from 0 to 3 was created to measure the intensity of puncture pain which was explained to patients before testing. The patients' fingers were punctured with their own old style lancets at least 1 hour before the punctures by the new lancets, and puncture pains recorded according to the pain scale. All patients tested with the new lancet reported no pain and recorded the puncture pain as scale 0. Among the total 37 patients tested with their old style lancets, 2 patients (5.40%) reported no pain and recorded the pain as scale 0, thirteen patients (35.14%) recorded as scale 1, 16 patients (43.24%) as scale 2, and 6 patients (16.22%) as scale 3. The average pain scale of the patients who used old style lancets was 1.702 with the standard error 0.133. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test shows that the proportion of the pain scales comes from the claimed distribution with unequal frequencies, and chi-square tests for independence indicate that neither sex nor age of the sample patients is related to the pain scales. The paired t-test to test the existence of any difference in pain levels between the new lancet and the old style lancet showed; t = 1.702/0.133 = 12.796 with p-value ≤ 0.005 (df = 36). The average pain level from the old style lancet is significantly higher than from the new lancets. Pain-free needle puncture was achieved by limiting the puncture depth to less than 0.75 mm with a thin needle with a 0.15 mm diameter. By allowing patients to see the new lancets before testing, psychological pain anticipation was minimized as the very thin and short needle is visually less intimidating. With a pain free puncture, better compliance and improved subsequent glucose levels may be achieved.
Prognostic factors in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a report on 195 cases with a new scoring system [see comments]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the survival of 195 patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) diagnosed between 1962 and 1992 in an attempt to stratify patients into risk groups. Median survival was 42 months. Adverse prognostic factors for survival were age > 60 years, hepatomegaly, weight loss, low hemoglobin level (Hb), low or very high leukocyte count (WBC), high percentage of circulating blasts, male sex, and low platelet count. A new scoring system based on two adverse prognostic factors, namely Hb < 10 g/dL and WBC < 4 or > 30 x 10(3)/L, was able to separate patients in three groups with low (0 factor), intermediate (1 factor), and high (2 factors) risks, associated with a median survival of 93, 26, and 13 months, respectively. An abnormal karyotype (32 cases of 94 tested patients) was associated with a short survival, especially in the low-risk group (median survival of 50 v 112 months in patients with normal karyotype). The prognostic factors for acute conversion were WBC > 30 x 10(3)/L and abnormal karyotype. Thus, hemoglobin level and leukocyte count provide a simple prognostic model for survival in AMM, and the adverse prognostic value of abnormal karyotype may be related to a higher rate of acute conversion.
Reviving Ancient Life: Segmentation Analysis of the Ancient Life Story Tourism Prospects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces a novel intangible heritage tourism product intended to enhance the heritage tourism sector. The Ancient Life Story Tourism concept is a new multidimensional cultural heritage tourism product that features fictional representations of ancient life as its core and includes many associated physical and digital products. Based on Kotler’s STP theory, a market segmentation model has been applied to identify potential segments for novel heritage tourism products. An online quantitative survey was applied with the aim of identifying the demographic, behavioural and psychographic characteristics of a potential audience worldwide. In this study, cluster analysis was employed to analyse 766 foreign tourists, to identify potential ancient life story tourism market segments. Three potential market segments were identified: (1) Gen-Z, Adventure-Seeking Digital Natives, (2) Early Millennials, Explorers of Local Traditions, and (3) Late Millennials, Family Explorers of History and Culture. The segments were evaluated based on the alignment of their profile with the different levels of the proposed heritage tourism product. Overall, Segments 2 and 3 were more attractive targeting prospects due to higher alignment with the core, generic and expected product of Ancient Life Story Tourism. Due to this research, in the near future Ancient Life Story Tourism will be able to establish a strong positioning and branding strategy in the heritage tourism sector.
Banks Defy Gravity in Tax Havens

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper provides the first quantitative assessment of the contribution of global banks in intermediating tax evasion. Applying gravity equations on a unique regulatory dataset based on comprehensive individual country-by-country reporting from all the Systemically Important Banks the European Union, we find that: 1) Tax havens generate a threefold extra presence of foreign banks; 2) The favorite destinations of tax evasion intermediated by European banks are Luxembourg and Monaco 3) British and German banks display the most aggressive strategies in tax havens; 4) New transparency requirements imposed in 2015 have not changed European banks commercial presence in tax havens; 5) Banks intermediate EUROS 550 billion of offshore deposits, that is 5% of their origin countries' GDP.
Exogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerols containing saturated fatty acids function as bioregulators of protein kinase C in human platelets.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ability of exogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerols and analogs to function as bioregulators of protein kinase C in human platelets was investigated. The activation of protein kinase C in platelets is indicated by specific phosphorylation of a 40,000-dalton protein. Dihexanoylglycerol, dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), didecanoylglycerol, and sn-1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol were active in stimulating 40,000-dalton protein phosphorylation. Only a trace of phosphorylation was elicited by dibutyrylglycerol. Phosphorylation was not induced by analogs of diC8 in which an -H, -SH, or -Cl group replaced the free -OH, nor by monoacylglycerols or long chain diacylglycerols. Maximum phosphorylation was induced by dihexanoylglycerol, diC8, and didecanoylglycerol at concentrations from 5 to 20 microM and between 5 and 30 S after exposure of platelets to these diacylglycerols. Under conditions of maximal phosphorylation of the 40,000-dalton protein, these diacylglycerols did not induce phosphatidylinositol turnover, or platelet aggregation, or stimulate release of ATP or serotonin. A small degree of aggregation was evident with platelets isolated in the absence of prostacyclin, and release of serotonin was observed when 1 mM Ca2+ or submaximal concentrations of ionophore A23187 were included. These results are consistent with a model in which platelet activation requires the simultaneous formation of two intracellular signals, diacylglycerols and Ca2+. These diacylglycerols and diacylglycerol analogs provide useful tools to investigate the function of diacylglycerols as bioregulators in intact cells.
Importance of the Efficiency of Double-Stranded DNA Formation in cDNA Synthesis for the Imprecision of Microarray Expression Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND The causes of imprecision in microarray expression analysis are poorly understood, limiting the use of this technology in molecular diagnostics. Two-dimensional strandness-dependent electrophoresis (2D-SDE) separates nucleic acid molecules on the basis of length and strandness, i.e., double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and RNA·DNA hybrids. METHODS We used 2D-SDE to measure the efficiency of cDNA synthesis and its importance for the imprecision of an in vitro transcription–based microarray expression analysis. RESULTS The relative amount of double-stranded cDNA formed in replicate experiments that used the same RNA sample template was highly variable, ranging between 0% and 72% of the total DNA. Microarray experiments showed an inverse relationship between the difference between sample pairs in probe variance and the relative amount of dsDNA. Approximately 15% of probes showed between-sample variation (P &lt; 0.05) when the dsDNA percentage was between 12% and 35%. In contrast, only 3% of probes showed between-sample variation when the dsDNA percentage was 69% and 72%. Replication experiments of the 35% dsDNA and 72% dsDNA samples were used to separate sample variation from probe replication variation. The estimated SD of the sample-to-sample variation and of the probe replicates was lower in 72% dsDNA samples than in 35% dsDNA samples. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the relative amount of double-stranded cDNA synthesized can be an important component of the imprecision in T7 RNA polymerase–based microarray expression analysis.
Successful repair of recurrent coarctation after neonatal heart transplantation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neonatal orthotopic heart transplantation is an attractive primary surgical therapy for severe uncorrectable congenital heart defects such as variants of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Aortic arch reconstruction is frequently required to repair the hypoplastic aortic arch and the coarctation at the time of graft implantation. Residual coarctation of the aorta after neonatal heart transplantation for such a condition has satisfactorily been treated with percutaneous balloon dilatation. We describe the successful surgical repair of a recurrent coarctation of the aorta via a sternotomy in a 2-year-old patient who had previously undergone neonatal orthotopic heart transplantation. Postoperative periodic investigations have not shown any evidence of obstruction across the site of the primary end-to-end anastomosis.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis-like subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with lung carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Specific vesiculobullous skin lesions in lupus erythematosus (LE) are rare and must be differentiated from toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), TEN-like dermatoses and other vesiculobullous conditions. We report a patient with typical subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous that progressed with large sheet-like areas of epidermal detachment and Nikolsky sign resembling TEN. She had a serological profile suggestive of underlying connective tissue disease, histological findings of interface dermatitis with a lymphocytic infiltrate, positive direct immunofluorescence, resolution with immunomodulation and lack of a culprit drug, features observed in TEN-like cutaneous lupus erythematous. Furthermore, she was diagnosed with lung carcinoma, an association that has been previously reported. Differentiating a bullous eruption in the context of pre-existing LE remains difficult requiring a thorough analysis of clinical and histopathological data.