jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of variability and association for seed yield and yield attributing traits among the interspecific derivatives of greengram x blackgram cross

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out with 24 progenies in F4 generation of interspecific cross derivatives of Vigna radiata cv. VBN(Gg)2 x Vigna mungo cv. Mash 114 to study the variability and association among the yield and the yield component traits. A set of 24 F4 progenies from the interspecific cross between greengram (VBN(Gg)2) and blackgram (Mash 114) formed the basic genetic material for the present investigation. Variability studies recorded high Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for the traits viz., number of branches/ plant, number of clusters/ plant, number of pods/ plant and seed yield /plant. High heritability (h2) along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM) were recorded for the traits, plant height, number of clusters/ plant, number of pods/ plant and seed yield/ plant. Association studies revealed that the trait number of pods/ plant alone recorded high direct positive effect on seed yield/ plant. The results indicated that high magnitude of variability was present among the interspecific progenies for these traits. The high heritability and genetic advance might be due to presence of additive gene action. Hence selection based on these traits might be effective for genetic improvement among the interspecific progenies of Vigna radiata x Vigna mungo. The study indicates that the trait, number of pods / plant should be given due importance in selection programme for seed yield improvement in the interspecific progenies of greengram and blackgram.
REVIEW ARTICLES Coronary In-Stent Restenosis: Current Status and Future Strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a novel pathobiologic process, histologically distinct from restenosis after balloon angioplasty and comprised largely of neointima formation. As percutaneous coronary intervention increasingly involves the use of stents, ISR is also becoming correspondingly more frequent. In this review, we examine the available studies of the histology and pathogenesis of ISR, with particular reference to porcine and other animal models. An overview of mechanical treatments is then provided, which includes PTCA, directional coronary atherectomy and high speed rotational atherectomy. Radiation-based therapies are discussed, including a summary of current problems associated with this modality of treatment. Finally, novel strategies for the prevention of ISR are addressed, including novel developments in stents and stent coatings, conventional drugs, nucleic acid-based drugs and gene transfer. Until recently, limited pharmacologic and mechanical treatment options have been available for both treatment and prevention of ISR. However, recent advances in gene modification and gene transfer therapies and, more particularly, in local stent-based drug delivery systems make it conceivable that the incidence of ISR will now be seriously challenged. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:183–93) © 2002 by the American
Activation of Oncogenic and Immune-Response Pathways Is Linked to Disease-Specific Survival in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with a poor prognosis. Improving the prognosis of MCC by means of targeted therapies requires further understanding of the mechanisms that drive tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to identify the genes, processes, and pathways that play the most crucial roles in determining MCC outcomes. Methods: We investigated transcriptomes generated by RNA sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 102 MCC patients and identified the genes that were upregulated among survivors and in patients who died from MCC. We subsequently cross-referenced these genes with online databases to investigate the functions and pathways they represent. We further investigated differential gene expression based on viral status in patients who died from MCC. Results: We found several novel genes associated with MCC-specific survival. Genes upregulated in patients who died from MCC were most notably associated with angiogenesis and the PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways; their expression predominantly had no association with viral status in patients who died from MCC. Genes upregulated among survivors were largely associated with antigen presentation and immune response. Conclusion: This outcome-based discrepancy in gene expression suggests that these pathways and processes likely play crucial roles in determining MCC outcomes.
Electric Field Control of Molecular Charge State in a Single-Component 2D Organic Nanoarray

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantum dots (QD) with electric-field-controlled charge state are promising for electronics applications, e.g., digital information storage, single-electron transistors, and quantum computing. Inorganic QDs consisting of semiconductor nanostructures or heterostructures often offer limited control on size and composition distribution as well as low potential for scalability and/or nanoscale miniaturization. Owing to their tunability and self-assembly capability, using organic molecules as building nanounits can allow for bottom-up synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) nanoarrays of QDs. However, 2D molecular self-assembly protocols are often applicable on metals surfaces, where electronic hybridization and Fermi level pinning can hinder electric-field control of the QD charge state. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of a single-component self-assembled 2D array of molecules [9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA)] that exhibit electric-field-controlled spatially periodic charging on a noble metal surface, Ag(111). The charge state of DCA can be altered (between neutral and negative), depending on its adsorption site, by the local electric field induced by a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Limited metal-molecule interactions result in an effective tunneling barrier between DCA and Ag(111) that enables electric-field-induced electron population of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and, hence, charging of the molecule. Subtle site-dependent variation of the molecular adsorption height translates into a significant spatial modulation of the molecular polarizability, dielectric constant, and LUMO energy level alignment, giving rise to a spatially dependent effective molecule-surface tunneling barrier and likelihood of charging. This work offers potential for high-density 2D self-assembled nanoarrays of identical QDs whose charge states can be addressed individually with an electric field.
The use of replicate resin models in the treatment of maxillary sinus augmentation patients.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The elevation of the floor of the maxillary sinus is becoming a routine surgical procedure to develop the site for dental implants. This delicate procedure is best performed with diagnostics of the highest magnitude. To this point, computer tomographic scans provide valuable information, especially when defining the location and extension of septae transversing the sinus. Additional useful information is provided by a replicate resin model that is constructed from a magneto-optical disk compatible with a personal computer. The image data is then converted to a DOS format. Bone structures of interest are thresholded in each slice based on single-pixel gray levels. Object profiles with linear interpolation and their elaboration generate the three-dimensional surface of the object. Finally, the physical resin model is fabricated.
Monte Carlo simulations of x-ray energy spectra in kilovoltage radiotherapy using the PENELOPE code

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Monte Carlo method was applied using the PENELOPE code to simulate the transport of particles in two different x-ray tubes. This method is considered the most important and accurate for simulations and calculations in different branches of science, including medical physics. The tubes were modeled according to the manufacturer’s specifications, and the simulations were divided into two stages due to the computational time. The scope of the work was to obtain in greater detail photon spectra of different qualities of beams in the orthovoltage range used in radiotherapy, since few works have, yet been developed for this energy range. A detailed analysis was carried out by comparing to the spectra results obtained using the SpekCalc software for the different qualities of radiation in the two stages. Mean energy values along with the first and second half-value layers (HVLs) of each energy were determined with the respective differences between them. Different discrepancies were found in most cases, and so it is vitally important to consider each situation independently. Finally, secondary electron energy spectra in the second stage of each quality were presented with their respective mean energies, an important parameter considered in the dose deposition of the different experimental geometries that use such qualities.
Person-centredness in dementia care: study protocol for an integrative review of theoretical approaches

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The concept of personhood is particularly important in person-centred dementia care because its overall aim is to maintain the personhood of people living with dementia despite disease progression. In a previous review on autonomy for people with dementia, two different underlying concepts of personhood were identified: a rationalistic and a social constructionist concept of personhood. The present integrative review aims to (1) identify existing theoretical approaches in person-centred dementia care, (2) describe the constitutive components for these theoretical approaches, (3) report the goals and/or outcomes to be achieved by person-centred care for people living with dementia and (4) identify the underlying concepts of personhood. Methods and analysis For our integrative review the search terms were derived from the research questions and clustered according to the ‘PICo’ (Population, Interest, Context) framework. A systematic literature search for theoretical approaches of ‘person-centred dementia care’ will be performed on MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO). The title/abstract and full-text screening will be performed independently by two researchers according to the inclusion criteria. The data analysis procedure will have two steps: (1) identification and extraction of general information (e.g., type of publication and name of theoretical approaches described) and (2) a qualitative content analysis to analyse the components, goals, outcomes and understanding of the respective underlying conceptions of personhood within the theoretical approaches. The extraction of general information (e.g., authors) will be performed by one researcher and qualitative content analysis will be performed independently by two researchers using MAXQDA software. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the two researchers or, if no consensus can be reached, with all coauthors. Ethics and dissemination Due to the nature of a review, ethical approval is not required. We will disseminate our results in peer-reviewed journals and at (inter)national conferences.
Short-term peak electricity demand in South Africa

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the modelling and forecasting of daily winter peak electricity loads in South Africa for the period 2000 to 2009 using a regression model that allows for nonlinear and nonparametric terms. A demand model for daily winter peaks is developed and used for out of sample predictions. Empirical results show that electricity demand in South Africa is highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations during the winter periods.

Key words: Peak loads, temperature, additive model, regression splines.
Marketing System and Market Structure for Secondhand Tractors in Punjab

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The secondhand tractor markets in Punjab have assumed special significance. Around 20000 tractors are transacted annually in these markets, which are generally held on a fixed day of the week specific for each market. About 80 % of the secondhand tractors sold pass through the marketing channel: Farmer ! Agent / Sub-agent ! Farmer. The markets are unorganized and unregulated. The market place is also not proper, congested, costly, inconvenient with hardly any facility. Generally the large farmers sell their secondhand tractor to replace with a new one and the small farmers purchase the secondhand tractor. The price determination is fairly competitive. The distress sale has not been ruled out but has declined with escalation in land prices. The malpractices have been rare but as usual the farmer is the weaker party. The study has suggested that secondhand tractor markets in Punjab should be organized and regulated; the dealers should be registered and the market charges should be fixed. The market agency should maintain record of transactions in the market
Intensity-dependent circular polarization and circumstellar magnetic fields from the observation of SiO masers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (49) References (26) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Intensity-dependent Circular Polarization and Circumstellar Magnetic Fields from the Observation of SiO Masers Nedoluha, Gerald E. ; Watson, William D. Abstract A new aspect of the propagation of astrophysical maser radiation in the presence of a magnetic field is described in which circular polarization is created. The resulting antisymmetric spectral line profile for this circular polarization resembles that produced by the ordinary Zeeman effect when the Zeeman splittings are much less than the spectral line breadth. It is caused by the change, with increasing maser intensity, in the axis of symmetry for the molecular quantum states from a direction that is parallel to the magnetic field to a direction that is parallel to the direction of propagation. When the maser is radiatively saturated, and the rate for stimulated emission is within an order of magnitude of the Zeeman splitting in frequency units, this 'intensity-dependent circular polarization' is greater than that due to the ordinary Zeeman effect by factors as large as 1000. The circular polarization that is observed in the spectra of circumstellar SiO (J = 1-0) masers associated with late-type giants and supergiants may then be caused by magnetic fields as weak as about 10 mG. With the standard Zeeman interpretation of the observations, magnetic fields of 10-100 G are indicated. The lower fields are similar to the limits obtained from the observation of the 22 GHz water masers which are typically somewhat further from the central star. The observed tendency for the fractional linear polarization of SiO masers to increase with increasing angular momentum of the molecular state is shown to be a likely result of anisotropic pumping. Errors are identified that invalidate a recent conflicting claim in the literature about the basic theory of maser polarization in the regime that is relevant here. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: March 1994 DOI: 10.1086/173816 Bibcode: 1994ApJ...423..394N Keywords: Circular Polarization; Mathematical Models; Stellar Magnetic Fields; Water Masers; Angular Momentum; Anisotropy; Radiative Transfer; Zeeman Effect; Astrophysics; MASERS; POLARIZATION; STARS: CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER full text sources ADS |
Internal audit work for risk management in companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent years, internal audit has been given an important role in risk management in the companies, although risk management remains a key responsibility of senior management and the board. Treatment of risk by internal audit is required by the Law on Enterprises, the Law on Banks, Insurance Law, and other laws. Internal audit has a wide mandated coverage that includes financial risks, operational risks, the risks of information technology, legal and strategic risks, at both macro and micro levels. To determine the existence of adequate risk management processes, and that these processes are adequate and effective, the boards in this role may require support of internal audit activities - through testing, assessment, reporting and recommending improvements regarding the adequacy and effectiveness of risk management. Internal auditors work through the assurance and consulting function in order to identify, evaluate and implement a methodology for risk management and controls to manage these risks.
Upregulation of Serine Proteinase Inhibitor Clade B Member 3 (SERPINB3) Expression by Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF-1)/CXCR4/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Promotes Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Serine proteinase inhibitor clade B member 3 (SERPINB3) is a neutral glycoprotein. Its overexpression is related to the promotion of cell proliferation and activation via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway in several tumors. Whether it can participate in stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1)/NF-kappaB-induced metastasis of gastric cancer has not been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the ability of SDF-1 to induce migration and invasion in vitro by knocking down the expression of SERPINB3 with siRNAs in gastric cancer cells. We also explored the effects of a CXCR4 antagonist and NF-kappaB inhibitor on SERPINB3 expression. We verified the effect of SERPINB3 on prognosis in gastric cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vitro experiments confirmed that SDF-1 upregulated the expression of SERPINB3 and promoted metastasis in gastric cancer cells. This phenomenon was reversed by knockdown of SERPINB3, a chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist, and an NF-kappaB inhibitor, which downregulated the expression of SERPINB3. In patients with gastric cancer, a significant positive correlation was observed between CXCR4 and SERPINB3 expression (r=0.222, P=0.029). Moreover, double positivity for SERPINB3 and CXCR4 was certified to be an independent prognostic factor (HR=3.332, P<0.001). CXCR4-positive patients who also expressed SERPINB3 were inclined to suffer from lymph node metastasis, confirming that SERPINB3 is a downstream molecule of CXCR4. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and pathological results showed that SDF-1/CXCR4 activated the NF-kappaB pathway and upregulated SERPINB3 to facilitate the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
Responses to single and multiple sources of chemical cues by New Zealand crustaceans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study examined the patterns of responses shown by animals to the simultaneous detection of conflicting inputs. The responses of individuals of seven species of New Zealand crustaceans to the introduction of alarm odours were tested in the laboratory. The crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus spent more time in the lowered posture while four species (Petrolisthes elongatus, Halicarcinus innominatus, Notomithrax ursus, and Cyclograpsus lavauxi) decreased locomotion or other movements upon introduction of alarm odour. The hermit crab Pagurus novazealandiae increased the frequency of shell grasps while Pagurus traversi showed no change in any behaviour. Combinations of two odours (alarm + food or alarm + shell cues) were presented to five species. The pattern of responses could be categorized as either a domination of one response over the other (Pagurus traversi, P. novazealandiae, and Halicarcinus innominatus) or an intermediate level of response compared to those shown to single stimuli (Paranephrops zealandicus and Petrolisthes elongatus). The latter pattern is correlated with the species having alternative mechanisms for predator avoidance. When individuals of Halicarcinus innominatus were exposed to alarm odour and subsequently exposed to food odour two and four hours later, their responses to food odour were still significantly decreased. Key words: BehaviourOdoursAlarmCombinations of odoursOrganisation of behaviour Notes e‐mail: bhazlett@biology.lsa.umich.edu
Primary Thromboprophylaxis for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients with Central Venous Catheters: A Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is a known risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The wider adoption of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs in recent years have increased this risk further. Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used access devices utilized to deliver infusion therapy, mostly in ambulatory settings. The endothelial injury associated with the use of these catheters adds to the risk of VTE to already high-risk patients. The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), with its proven efficacy and safety in multiple clinical indications, have renewed the attention to VTE prophylaxis in cancer patients with CVC. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses had shown that both apixaban and rivaroxaban are effective in lowering the risk of VTE, without increasing the risk of bleeding. Several risk assessment models (RAM) have utilized patient-related, tumor-related, and treatment-related factors, in addition to widely available biomarkers, like Hemoglobin (Hb) level, white blood cell (WBC) and platelets counts to stratify patients into two or three VTE risk levels. In this manuscript, we review the published clinical trials and meta-analyses that attempted to study the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants, mostly the DOACs, in cancer patients with CVCs. We will also propose a practical risk-directed approach to enhance VTE prophylaxis rate.
Human ocular motor neural integrator failure

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Eye movements in the light and the dark were recorded from two young patients: the first aged five years had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy secondary to perinatal hypoxia, and the second aged six years had atypical congenital idiopathic nystagmus but was otherwise healthy. In the dark sustained head rotation elicited abnormal tonic eye deviations instead of vestibular nystagmus. In both patients, some quick phases were present but they were always followed by decaying exponential drifts back to the current level of tonic deviation with time-constants of 0.34 and 0.24 s. These waveforms were very similar to those recorded from animals who have had neurotoxins injected into the region of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and the medial vestibular nucleus, where the brainstem neural integrator is thought to reside. In the light, the first patient had gaze-paretic nystagmus, no optokinetic nystagmus (although quick phases were present), and virtually no smooth pursuit. In marked contrast, the second patient exhibited optokinetic nystagmus and pursuit around primary position; gaze-paretic nystagmus was not evident but saccades and quick phases of nystagmus exhibited dynamic overshoot and post-saccadic oscillations. In lateral gaze congenital nystagmus was evident. It is concluded that (a) severe loss of neural integrator function exists in man and is compatible with life; (b) it may only be detected in the dark; (c) it may not always be due to brainstem pathology.