jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detecting deception in reputation management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We previously developed a social mechanism for distributed reputation management, in which an agent combines testimonies from several witnesses to determine its ratings of another agent. However, that approach does not fully protect against spurious ratings generated by malicious agents. This paper focuses on the problem of deception in testimony propagation and aggregation. We introduce some models of deception and study how to efficiently detect deceptive agents following those models. Our approach involves a novel application of the well-known weighted majority technique to belief function and their aggregation. We describe simulation experiments to study the number of apparently accurate witnesses found in different settings, the number of witnesses on prediction accuracy, and the evolution of trust networks.
Algae viability within copepod faecal pellets: evidence from microscopic examinations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 337:145-153 (2007) - doi:10.3354/meps337145 Algae viability within copepod faecal pellets: evidence from microscopic examinations Sandra Jansen*, Ulrich Bathmann Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany *Email: sjansen@awi-bremerhaven.de ABSTRACT: The viability of different phytoplankton species within copepod faecal pellets was tested. Monocultures of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea and the diatoms Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Proboscia alata and Chaetoceros dichaeta were fed to Calanus helgolandicus, Temora longicornis and Centropages typicus. Microscopic observations of faecal pellet content, chlorophyll auto-fluorescence and the fluorescence of cells stained with the viability stain fluorescein diacetate (FDA) revealed that some S. trochoidea cells survived the gut passage of T. longicornis and C. typicus. Viable cells of F. kerguelensis were observed in faecal pellets of all copepod species investigated. The 2 diatom species P. alata and C. dichaeta were reduced to small fragments within all faecal pellets, and hence did not survive grazing by any of the 3 copepod species. KEY WORDS: Algae viability · Faecal pellets · Copepods · Fluorescein diacetate · FDA Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 337. Online publication date: May 14, 2007 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2007 Inter-Research.
Outcomes of excimer laser enhancements in pseudophakic patients with multifocal intraocular lens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Steven C Schallhorn,1–3 Jan A Venter,2 David Teenan,2 Julie M Schallhorn,3 Keith A Hettinger,2 Stephen J Hannan,2 Martina Pelouskova2 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 2Optical Express, Glasgow, UK; 3Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess visual and refractive outcomes of laser vision correction (LVC) to correct residual refraction after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, 782 eyes that underwent LVC to correct unintended ametropia after multifocal IOL implantation were evaluated. Of all multifocal lenses implanted during primary procedure, 98.7% were refractive and 1.3% had a diffractive design. All eyes were treated with VISX STAR S4 IR excimer laser using a convectional ablation profile. Refractive outcomes, visual acuities, patient satisfaction, and quality of life were evaluated at the last available visit. Results: The mean time between enhancement and last visit was 6.3±4.4 months. Manifest spherical equivalent changed from -0.02±0.83 D (-3.38 D to +2.25 D) pre-enhancement to 0.00±0.34 D (-1.38 D to +1.25 D) post-enhancement. At the last follow-up, the percentage of eyes within 0.50 D and 1.00 D of emmetropia was 90.4% and 99.5%, respectively. Of all eyes, 74.9% achieved monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity 20/20 or better. The mean corrected distance visual acuity remained the same before (-0.04±0.06 logMAR [logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution]) and after LVC procedure (-0.04±0.07 logMAR; P=0.70). There was a slight improvement in visual phenomena (starburst, halo, glare, ghosting/double vision) following the enhancement. No sight-threatening complications related to LVC occurred in this study. Conclusion: LVC in pseudophakic patients with multifocal IOL was safe, effective, and predictable in a large cohort of patients. Keywords: excimer laser enhancements, pseudophakic patients, multifocal IOL
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cardiac transplant patients - lower threshold for surgery?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SummaryLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is accepted by the surgical community as an advance in the definitive treatment of gallstones. In this paper we describe five patients post-cardiac transplantation, in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was undertaken. One patient, who had two previous laparo-tomies, required conversion to an open cholecystectomy. In each case the gallstones were symptomatic and were a major cause of morbidity. The average hospital stay was 4 days in uncomplicated cases, but was prolonged in one patient who required stabilization of cyclosporin levels (7 days) and in one patient due to a sub-hepatic collection (17 days). This was successfully treated by percutaneous ultrasound guided drainage. The technical problems of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are no different in transplant patients but it may have the advantage of being less immunotraumatic and allow earlier mobilization. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an advance in the treatment of gallstones and because of the risks of acute cholecystitis in cardiac transplant patients, should lower the threshold to definitive surgery.
The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients: a prospective nested case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Both antibodies and bioactive lipids that have accumulated during storage of blood have been implicated in TRALI pathogenesis. In a single-center, nested, case-control study, patients were prospectively observed for onset of TRALI according to the consensus definition. Of 668 patients, 16 patients (2.4%) developed TRALI. Patient-related risk factors for onset of TRALI were age and time on the cardiopulmonary bypass. Transfusion-related risk factors were total amount of blood products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.44), number of red blood cells stored more than 14 days (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.04-2.37), total amount of plasma (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.44), presence of antibodies in donor plasma (OR = 8.8; 95% CI, 1.8-44), and total amount of transfused bioactive lipids (OR = 1.0; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). When adjusted for patient risk factors, only the presence of antibodies in the associated blood products remained a risk factor for TRALI (OR = 14.2; 95% CI, 1.5-132). In-hospital mortality of TRALI was 13% compared with 0% and 3% in transfused and nontransfused patients, respectively (P < .05). In conclusion, the incidence of TRALI is high in cardiac surgery patients and associated with adverse outcome. Our results suggest that cardiac surgery patients may benefit from exclusion of blood products containing HLA/HNA antibodies.
The Church

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of the established Church during the seventeenth century is centred round its attempt to secure an ecclesiastical monopoly. In 1689 its failure to identify Church and State was acknowledged by the legislation of the Toleration Act. Throughout the preceding period it worked to achieve this by appeasing dissident elements within the Church and eliminating opposition from outside.KeywordsHigh CommissionReligious TolerationReligious QuestionGrand RemonstranceState ChurchThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
sj-docx-1-cre-10.1177_02692155231207265 - Supplemental material for Recovery needs and psychosocial rehabilitation trajectory of stroke survivors (PReTS): A qualitative systematic review of systematic reviews

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-cre-10.1177_02692155231207265 for Recovery needs and psychosocial rehabilitation trajectory of stroke survivors (PReTS): A qualitative systematic review of systematic reviews by Muhammad Amin Shaik, Ping Ying Choo, Geraldine Tan-Ho, Jimmy Chee-Keong Lee and Andy Hau Yan Ho in Clinical Rehabilitation
Environmental safety of wild plants in the republic of Tatarstan by heavy metals content

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the results of biogeochemical studies in the territory of Western Predkamye (Pestrechinsky, Mamadyshsky, Zelenodolsky districts), Eastern Zakamye (Almetyevsky, Bugulminsky districts), Predvolzhye regions (Verkhneuslonsky district) of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Kazan city, the range of heavy metals natural concentrations in the herbaceous vegetation was determined. It has been established that the heavy metals content in herbaceous plants of the Republic of Tatarstan does not exceed the world average clarke. Separate local biogeochemical specializations of plants determined by the natural geochemical background of the region have been established. Wild plants species in the Zelenodolsky district were identified with Pb and Cd content exceeds the established standards.
Map of the United States and Texas Boundary Line and Adjacent Territory.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Map of the boundary lines between Texas and the United States, showing military trails, bodies of water, and areas of elevation. Includes table of "Points which can be easily found on the Earth's surface," indicating the latitude and longitude of mountains, hills, rivers, and creeks. Scale [ca. 1:950,400] (15 miles to the inch).
Effect of heat flux on metal corrosion in non-boiling media: testing system, heat transfer simulations, and corrosion study on Al alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A dual-circulation testing system was constructed to study the effect of heat flux density (q, −22.28 ∼ +22.54 kW m‒2) on the corrosion of an Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy in 0.5 M H2SO4 at a constant metal surface temperature (50°C) under different controlling heat transfer states. Their heat transfer parameters were determined quantitatively by COMSOL simulation to keep them except q in constant, highlighting the influence of q on metal corrosion. Compared with the q = 0 condition, the positive heat flux (q > 0) improved the surface layer performance of the Al alloy to inhibit its anodic corrosion process, decreasing its corrosion current density (icorr) by 56% with increasing q to 22.54 kW m‒2. While q < 0, the opposite effect occurred, increasing its icorr by 52% at q = −22.28 kW m‒2. Heat flux also changed the corrosion reaction’s apparent effective activation energy (Ea) and pre-factor, and Ea played a dominating role in changing icorr.
Dynamics of bubble domains

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A simple unifying phenomenological model is developed which makes it possible to relate various motions of either bubble or stripe domains to the basic ``wall mobility'' and ``wall coercivity'' and permits the interpretation of several possible experiments in terms of these same basic quantities. A recent micromagnetics formulation of bubble-domain dynamics, when modified, yields similar predictions and provides a definition of the bubble-domain mobility in terms of microscopic quantities (A, K, Ms) and the Gilbert damping parameter. It also includes domain-wall inertial effects which are absent in the simple model. The combined theory suggests several experiments for the determination of the wall-mobility mass and coercivity, and possible independent measurements of the Gilbert parameter. Some experimental results are presented for domains in oscillatory and pulsed field gradients. The results indicate that the new experiments, as interpreted by the present theory, are promising procedures for studying bubble-domain materials.
Kriegs-Karte. Nr. 123. Die militaerischen Ereignisse ... bis 12. Februar 1917.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A contemporaneous World War I seven volume German work, consisting of 226 weekly maps (typically each map sheet is subdivided into several parts) and textual progress reports describing the various war fronts. The maps and texts describing the Theaters of War include: Oceans and Colonies; Turkish-Russian (Holy War); Serbia; Western Front; Eastern Front. There also is a weekly update of political news. In the liners of volumes 1 though 5 there are calls to arms (text of speeches) by Emperor Franz Joseph and Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II; noticeably absent in the final two volumes. Dates are weekly from the beginning of September 1914 through February 12, 1919. Seven maroon cloth covered volumes with gilt lettering and black border. All sheets double-sided - predominantly maps on front side, mostly text on verso; they are scanned as two images. Most maps in color. Show battle lines, towns, cities, roads, railroads, rivers, canals, political divisions. Town and city names color coded to show which army controls them. Reproduction is prohibited. D.R.O.M. all rights reserved. Published and distributed by (Kriegshilfe) War Help Office, Munchen. Co-distribution by Hilfsbund, Berlin. Sales in Austria-Hungary the Kriegsfursorgeamt, Vienna.
Predicting Global Trend of Cybersecurity on Continental Honeynets Using Vector Autoregression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The deployment of honeynets from around world is intended to lure attackers into their networks and hence their footprint can be extracted and studied. This global trend can be correlated based on publicly available statistics. This paper proposes a statistical analysis to identify a geospatial and temporal patterns in the cyberattacks and use this knowledge to predict future attack trend. Using a publicly available honeypot data, this work aims to (i) incroporate long range dependence in the analysis of the number of cyber-attacks, which may be a result of spread of malware agents, (ii) propose a measure on how to determine whether or not to consider dependence structure between different honeypot hosts, and (iii) establish a modeling tool that would be intuitive in a honeynet, where honeypot hosts are closely connected and related. The proposed vector autoregression approach reveals the dependencies among honeypots.
Strain-Dependent Temperature-Sensitive Phase in Crown Gall

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of high temperature treatments on the early stages of crown gall tumorigenesis in sunflowers was investigated. Treatments of 32 C initiated at various times during the first ten days after infection had a similar effect on tumors induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains B6 and C58. Tumor growth was sensitive to 32 C until 60 to 72 hours after infection and was stimulated by 32 C after that time. Therefore, the inception phase for both C58 and B6-induced tumors ends between 60 to 72 hours after infection. In contrast, B6 and C58 tumors varied in their response to 37 C treatments during the first 168 hours after infection. Both C58 and B6 tumors were sensitive to 37C during the first 72 hours; however, B6 tumors became resistant to 37 C after 96 hours, whereas C58induced tumors remained sensitive until 144 to 168 hours after infection. The growth rate of C58 and B6 tumors in plants moved to 32 C at 90 hours after infection was the same. B6 tumors in plants moved to 37 C at 90 hours after infection also continued to grow rapidly, whereas C58 tumors in plants moved to 37 C at 90 hours exhibited a complete cessation of tumor growth. The 37 C temperature-sensitive period specific to C58 tumors ceases by 168 hours after infection. This indicates that the temperature-sensitive functions are no longer required after 168 hours. The possible significance of this work with regard to the presence of a temperature-sensitive plasmid, pTiC58, in strain C58 and the mechanism of tumorinducing plasmid DNA maintenance in incipient tumor cells is discussed.
TABS Radiant Cooling Design & Control in North America: Results from Expert Interviews

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Author(s): Paliaga, Gwelen; Farahmand, Farhad; Raftery, Paul; Woolley, Jonathan | Abstract: Radiant cooling and heating has the potential for improved energy efficiency, demand response, comfort, indoor environmental quality, and architectural design. Many radiant buildings have demonstrated outstanding performance in these regards, and application of the technology in commercial buildings is expanding. However, there are no well-established best practices for design of radiant buildings and their control systems, and most professionals in the building industry are unfamiliar with radiant systems.In this study, TRC Energy Services and the UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment interviewed eleven prominent professionals who have substantial experience with design, construction, and operation of radiant buildings in North America, having collectively designed more than 330 radiant cooled buildings. The objective of the study was to document the variety of design and control approaches currently used for radiant cooled buildings, highlight themes of common practice and variations in common practice, and identify areas where research could be of service to practitioner needs.
Metabolism of Glycolic and Glyoxylic Acids.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SummaryIt has been shown that in the fasted rat glycolic acid does not form glycogen nor does it form acetone bodies in the fed or fasted rat. Glyoxylic acid causes the formation of acetone bodies in the fed rat. From this evidence it has been concluded that neither glycolic nor glyoxylic acids are inter-mediates in the transformation of glycine to glucose in the animal body.
Developing a multi‐dimensional product evaluation scale

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This research develops and validates a scale to assess products on salient characteristics that influence consumers’ decision‐making. The product characteristics (PC) scale assesses products on 12 major dimensions using 34‐items. Next, the paper demonstrates the scale's validity and value in a study of the effects of PC on the consumer information search effort, impulse buying, and word‐of‐mouth behavior, representing different stages of the consumer decision‐making process. The findings highlight the need for a revitalized examination of the consumer decision‐making process with a focus on PC by showing that (1) PC have significant direct effects on a variety of critical marketing outcomes, (2) these effects interact with demographic variables such as age and gender that are currently undergoing major shifts, and (3) these effects vary across offline and online settings. Thus, the findings highlight the value of incorporating PC into models of consumer behavior especially in the current era of shifting demographics and e‐commerce. To this end, this study contributes to the literature by offering a multifaceted, reliable, and valid scale to assess products on a wide range of characteristics that can be used in the study of any marketing‐related phenomena that can be assumed to be product‐contingent.
Amphetamine induced eosinophilic pneumonia: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare disease. It presents with acute febrile illness, respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary infiltration and high eosinophil levels in broncho alveolar lavage fluid. Its pathogenesis is not well understood, but may relate to the exposure to exogenous substances (e.g. cocaine or heroin). A 25 year old female presented to our emergency department with a chief complaint of dyspnea and cough starting two weeks ago. Despite the application of several antibiotics her complaints worsened. Her examination at the time of presentation revealed an oxygen saturation at room air of 88%, and a chest x-ray with bilateral infiltrates. Laboratory analysies demonstrated the following observations: Eosinophil blood count was 37.2% and the sputum eosinophil count was 36.0%. A preliminary diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia was made. High-dose steroids (prednisolone 40mg/d) and antibiotic treatment (clarithromycin) was promptly started. There was immediate improvement, oxygen insufflation was reduced and laboratory results returned to normal level (eosinophils in blood 2% and in sputum 3%). An amphetamine drug test in urine was positive. No increase of ANA, pANCA, cANCA or rheumatoid factors were detected. After 4 weeks, complete resolution of symptoms and radiographical abnormalities were noted. Her respiratory function parameters were initially FEV1 1.99 l (64% S) and VC 2.57 l (71% S) and after treatment FEV1 2.92 l (93% S) and VC 3.73 l (103% S). This is the second case report (Whithaus KC and Rutland BM, 2008) suggesting that amphetamine intake might induce the development of lung infiltrates with accompanying peripheral blood eosinophilia and high eosinophil level in sputum.
Investigating Morality among Accounting Students across Gender

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Previous studies have assessed the morality of accounting students in different countries. However, these studies have revealed different results. Besides, these studies have used different moral abilities of Rest's four components of morality to determine the morality of students. This study, therefore, determines the level of morality of accounting students, as well as examines the difference in morality among accounting students based on gender. Moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness and moral courage were used as indicators in determining the morality of students. Through the proportional stratified sampling technique, a sample of 250 accounting students was selected from a public university in Ghana to respond to a questionnaire. Mean, standard deviation, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyse the data. It was found that accounting students have a high level of morality. Also, it was revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between male and female accounting students' level of morality.