jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Five autopsy cases of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH) in infancy and childhood are reported. In two cases, the diagnosis had been verified at cardiac catheterization, whereas in the remaining three cases the diagnosis was based upon indirect clinical and morphological evidence. The pulmonary vasculature was studied by microangiographic and histological techniques, including morphometry of muscular pulmonary arteries. In two neonatal cases (ages: 5 days, 16 days), there was tortuosity of intralobular pulmonary arteries and carry‐over of the foetal type of thick‐walled muscular pulmonary arteries and arterioles with moderate superimposed medial hypertrophy. In one subject, aged 8 months, muscular and transitional pulmonary arteries showed considerable medial hypertrophy, but no obliterative features. The increase of medial mass in muscular pulmonary arteries and the absence of obliterative vascular lesions suggest that a vasospastic mechanism was responsible for the pulmonary hypertension in these three cases. In the two cases of older patients (ages: 1 year and 10 months, 10 years) the microangiograms and the lung sections displayed a more complex pattern of severe vascular lesions: medial hypertrophy in muscular pulmonary arteries, obliterative intimal fibrosis, arterial necrosis and plexiform lesions. These vascular changes are identical to those found in cases of IPH in adult patients, as well as to the pulmonary vascular lesions in severe secondary hyperkinetic pulmonary hypertension. The clinical symptoms were dominated by cyanosis in the two neonatal subjects. In the three cases of older patients, syncopal attacks and/or sudden death was a common feature. This indicates that IPH should be considered among the possible causes of sudden, unexpected death in infancy and childhood.
ACS Short Courses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTACS Short CoursesCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 3, 22Publication Date (Print):January 20, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 20 January 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09203-ad18Copyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (533 KB) Get e-Alerts
Covalent Immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase on Aldehyde-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents the synthesis and use of surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for the covalent immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (BlGGT). Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by an alkaline solution of divalent and trivalent iron ions, and they were subsequently treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APES) to obtain the aminosilane-coated nanoparticles. The functional group on the particle surface and the amino group of BlGGT was then cross-linked using glutaraldehyde as the coupling reagent. The loading capacity of the prepared nanoparticles for BlGGT was 34.2 mg/g support, corresponding to 52.4% recovery of the initial activity. Monographs of transmission electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a mean diameter of 15.1 ± 3.7 nm, and the covalent cross-linking of the enzyme did not significantly change their particle size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the immobilization of BlGGT on the magnetic nanoparticles. The chemical and kinetic behaviors of immobilized BlGGT are mostly consistent with those of the free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme could be recycled ten times with 36.2% retention of the initial activity and had a comparable stability respective to free enzyme during the storage period of 30 days. Collectively, the straightforward synthesis of aldehyde-functionalized nanoparticles and the efficiency of enzyme immobilization offer wide perspectives for the practical use of surface-bound BlGGT.
Health- related quality of life for adult patient with chronic viral hepatitis B and C

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective(s): This study aims to assess health related quality of life among Iraqi patients with chronic viral hepatitisB and C also to find out the relationship between health related quality of life and patients demographiccharacteristic and to design a new measurement scale for assessing QoL among viral hepatitis B and C patientswhich can be suitable to be adopted for Iraqi patientsMethodology: A descriptive quantitative study is carried out at Gastroenterology and Hepatology TeachingHospital from February, 1st, 2011 to August 30th 2011, Anon probability (purposive sample) of (100) chronic viralhepatitis B and C persons , who were clients of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / outpatientclinic for follow up. The data were collected through the use of semi-constructed questionnaire, which consists ofthree parts (1) demographic data form that contains (10) items (2) form medical information that contains of (7)items and (3) main domains of the quality of life which contains six main domains: physical, psychological, level ofindependence, social, environmental, spiritual domain. Content validity was determined by a panel of experts indifferent specialties. Reliability of instrument was determined by the use of test–retest approach through the pilotstudy. The data were described statistically and analyzed through use of the descriptive and inferential statisticalanalysis procedures.Results: The findings of the presented study indicate that the chronic viral hepatitis B and C affect the quality oflife domains. There is a non-significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristic and quality of lifedomains. The study concludes that the chronic viral hepatitis B and C are most common occurring among personsin urban residential area than in those in rural. chronic viral hepatitis B and C are most common in male than infemales, chronic viral hepatitis B and C are most common in married than in unmarried, chronic viral hepatitis B &C are most common in non-drink alcohol than in drink, chronic viral hepatitis B and C are most common in lowlevel education than other, chronic viral hepatitis B and C are most common in low socioeconomic status.Recommendations : the study recommended An intensive comprehensive wide population-based ( national level)studies could be conducted to assess the chronic viral hepatitis B and C patients quality of life also Health orientedmass media approach should be employed by the Ministry of Health to increase population knowledge andawareness about the route of transmission and risk factor of chronic viral hepatitis B & C and Involving bothgovernmental and non-governmental organizations in national health promotion campaign
Substrate-Induced Structure and Molecular Dynamics\nin a Lipid Bilayer Membrane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The solid-substrate-dependent structure\nand dynamics of molecules\nin a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) were directly investigated via\natomic force microscopy (AFM) and single particle tracking (SPT) measurements.\nThe appearance of either vertical or horizontal heterogeneities in\nthe SLB was found to be strongly dependent on the underlying substrates.\nSLB has been widely used as a biointerface with incorporated proteins\nand other biological materials. Both silica and mica are popular substrates\nfor SLB. Using single-molecule dynamics, the fluidity of the upper\nand lower membrane leaflets was found to depend on the substrate,\nundergoing coupling and decoupling on the SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si and mica\nsubstrates, respectively. The anisotropic diffusion caused by the\nlocally destabilized structure of the SLB at atomic steps appeared\non the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(0001) substrate because of the\nstrong van der Waals interaction between the SLB and the substrate.\nOur finding that the well-defined surfaces of mica and sapphire result\nin asymmetry and anisotropy in the plasma membrane is useful for the\ndesign of new plasma-membrane-mimetic systems. The application of\nwell-defined supporting substrates for SLBs should have similar effects\nas cell membrane scaffolds, which regulate the dynamic structure of\nthe membrane.
Two Lily SEPALLATA-Like Genes Cause Different Effects on Floral Formation and Floral Transition in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Two AGL2-like MADS-box genes, Lily MADS Box Gene (LMADS) 3 and LMADS4, with extensive homology of LMADS3 to the Arabidopsis SEPALLATA3 were characterized from the lily (Lilium longiflorum). Both LMADS3 and LMADS4 mRNA were detected in the inflorescence meristem, in floral buds of different developmental stages, and in all four whorls of the flower organ. LMADS4 mRNA is also expressed in vegetative leaf and in the inflorescence stem where LMADS3 expression is absent. Transgenic Arabidopsis, which ectopically expresses LMADS3, showed novel phenotypes by significantly reducing plant size, flowering extremely early, and loss of floral determinacy. By contrast, 35S::LMADS4 transgenic plants were morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type plants. The early-flowering phenotype in 35S::LMADS3 transgenic Arabidopsis plants was correlated with the up-regulation of flowering time genes FT, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1, LUMINIDEPENDENS, and flower meristem identity genes LEAFY and APETALA1. This result was further supported by the ability of 35S::LMADS3 to rescue the late-flowering phenotype in gigantea-1 (gi-1), constans-3 (co-3), and luminidependens-1 but not for ft-1 or fwa-1 mutants. The activation of these flowering time genes is, however, indirect because their expression was unaffected in plants transformed with LMADS3 fused with rat glucocorticoid receptor in the presence of both dexamethasone and cycloheximide.
Characterisation of in vitro antioxidative properties of aqueous ethanolic (45%v/v) extract of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The plant Melissa officinalis (L.) has been used in European traditional system of medicine for its cognitive enhancing properties. Based on its traditional use and cholinergic properties, this plant was recently assessed for its clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in a trial conducted by the Institute of Medicinal Plant (IMP), Tehran, Iran [1]. The plant was found to be effective in the management of mild to moderate AD patients. Since it has been proposed that oxidative stress plays a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of the disease [2], we wanted to investigate if the efficacy of the plant extract in the clinical trial is due to its antioxidative properties. Therefore based on the IMP research M. officinalis was extracted by a similar procedure using the same solvent (45% v/v ethanol) and plant material (cultivar). The method of extraction was Medium Pressure Solid Liquid Extraction. The total phenol content was estimated as gallic acid acid equivalents using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and the in vitro antioxidant activities assayed were iron (III) reduction, iron (II) chelation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) free radical scavenging activities, inhibiton of β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching. The extract demonstrated activity in all the assays, however it was not as potent as the positive controls except in the β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay where its antioxidant activity was superior to that of gallic and caffeic acid and statistically indistinguishable from quercetin and butylated hydroxyanisole.
A Comparison of Ground Beetle (Carabidae: Coleoptera) Communities in an Organic and Conventional Potato Crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT An investigation of the carabid and plant communities of a conventional and an organic potato crop was carried out in the west of Ireland from June to September 1999. At each site, carabids were sampled using 15 pitfall traps, and 2 × 2 m quadrats were used to assess weed and potato cover. A total of 17 carabid species (672 individuals) were trapped during the study with 11 species common to both sites. 82.4% of individuals were captured at the organic site compared with 17.6% at the conventional site. The reciprocal Berger-Parker diversity index was 3.4 and 2.2 for the organic and conventional sites, respectively. Pterostichus niger and P. melanarius constituted 48.3% of the total catch and were the most abundant of all species captured. However, of the catch at each site, Bembidion bruxellense (44.9%) and P. niger (29.1%) were the most abundant species at the conventional and organic sites, respectively. A total of 13 weed species were identified, 11 of which were found exclusively in the organic field. A positive relationship between weed species richness and carabid species richness was apparent with r (Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient) = 0.679, p < 0.001). The relationship was stronger between carabid species richness and weed cover (r = 0.704, p < 0.001). Differences between the sites appear to be related to weed cover although other possible factors are discussed.
Damage of leafminer Liriomyza trifolii in vegetable fields in Zhongshan city

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The host plant species and damage degree of L.trifolii were investigated.The results showed that L.trifolii preferred to damage fourteen plant species,which belong to six families.The major hosts were Gerbera jamesonii Bolus,Chysanthemum coronarium L.,Lactuca sativa L.of Compositae,Apium graveolens L.var.dullce DC and Petroselinum hortens Hoffm.of Umbelliferae,Vigna sesquipedalis Koern and Phaseolus vulgaris L.of Leguminosae,Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.and Lycopersicum chinense Mill.of Solanaceae,Benincasa hispida(Thunb.) Cogn.,Cucurbita pepo L.and Cucumis sativus L.of Cucurbitaceae,Brassica alboglabra Bail.and Brassica chinensis Linn.of Brassicaceae.There was no damage on the other species in Guangdong spring vegetables field.
Research Article Genetic removal of trypsin inhibitor and lipoxygenase isozymes form soybean seeds (<i>Glycine</i> <i>max</i>) by simple sequence repeat marker assisted selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: unitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), which affects protein digestibility and lipoxygenase isozymes, responsible for the off-flavor associated with soy-based foods, are two undesirable factors present in soybean seeds. These unpleasant factors are usually inactivated by heat treatment. However, heat treatment does not completely eliminate these factors; in addition it may decrease protein solubility and may incur extra energy costs. Genetic elimination of these factors could be an alternative to heat treatment. This study aimed to select soybean lines free of KTI and lipoxygenase isozymes in the seeds. The population under study was obtained by crossing the BRS 213 cultivar, which shows low lipoxygenase activity, with BRS 155, a KTI lacking cultivar. F2:3 hybrid populations were selected and analyzed using DNA markers for the identification of recessive alleles that encode the absence of KTI and the three lipoxygenase enzymes (LOX1, LOX2 and LOX3). F2:3 segregating populations were successfully identified with the KTI specific marker with 100% efficiency. However, the KTi/kti-gene-specific marker does not allow for the identification of heterozygous and homozygous genotypes with dominant KTi alleles; the the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Satt228 and Satt409, which bind tightly to the KTi locus, were much more suitable diagnostic marker for screening plants in segregating populations. Satt090 and Satt417 confirmed the presence of the homozygous Lx2 null-allele in the parental cultivar BRS 213 by flanking Lx2 loci at 3.00 and 2.77 cM, respectively. The SSR markers used in this study could be efficiently used in marker assisted selection in a breeding program aimed at improving soybean seed quality.
Boundary element method analysis of interface cracks between orthotropic layers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The boundary element method (BEM) with quadratic quarter-point crack-tip element is employed to obtain the stress intensity factors, K1 and K2, the phase angle ψ, as well as the strain energy release rates G of the crack-tip occurring in either completely isotropic materials or bimaterial interfaces. Several sample modelings are presented to show the accuracy of the boundary element method software ‘bie2s.exe’ used in this project, as well as to validate the way of modeling the crack problems using the software. The orthotropic layers considered in this project are the bilayer double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-loaded-split (ELS) specimens. The 2 layers of either specimen are made of same material, same layer thickness and transversely isotropic. The top layer of either specimen is in the plane of transverse isotropy. 4 parameters, namely, the aspect ratio of the bilayer beam L/2H, the crack length to half-beam thickness ratio a/H, and the 2 purely imaginary roots of the characteristic equation of orthotropic materials η1 and η2, are varied to investigate their effects on the strain energy release rate and the phase angle at the interface crack-tip. The results show that for both the DCB and ELS specimens, the normalized strain energy release rate and the phase angle reach their asymptotic values as a/H → ∞. Also it is observed that the aspect ratio of the beam, does not affect the values of the normalized strain energy release rate and the phase angle significantly for a given set of orthotropic material parameters and the crack length to layer thickness for both DCB and ELS specimens.
A Survey of the Ichtyofauna of Ogbese River, South West, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An investigation into the icthyofauna of Ogbese River, south west, Nigeria, was carried out between October 2010-February 2011. A total of 2,700 individual were caught during the study. Nine (9) species belonging to six (6) families were recorded during the period of study. However, six (6) species [Clarias gariepinus; (410), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (508), Oreochromis niloticus (508), Oreochromis niloticus (410), Mormyrus rume(227), Mormyrus macrophythamus (221) and Malapterurus electricus(341)], were dominant specie, Hepsetus odoe and Parachanna obscura were sub-dominant, while Tilapia zillii was rare. Claridae, followed by Mormyridae and Cichlidaewere the most dominant families (33.99%; 16.58%; 15.62%), while Hepsitidae, Channidae and Malapteruridae were sub-dominant. The highest percentage of relative abundance of the various fish species was recorded in October while the least was recorded in February 2011. The results of this survey showed that the river has low fish species composition and abundance, inspite of the size of the river. Considering this fact, there is need for further survey to cover more months. There is also a need to evolve strategies for effective utilization and proper management of the river, for optimum fish production.
Interface study on the effect of oxygen/nitrogen ratio in Ni/Ti multilayer deposited by reactive sputtering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Since the growth morphology along and perpendicular to the interface is important for supermirror applications, the dependence of this on the reactive gas has been investigated in Ni/Ti multilayers prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering with variable O 2 /N 2 ratios. The interface properties are characterized by GIXRR, XDS, and TEM measurements. Compared to the case without O 2 , the presence of 20% O 2 in the deposition of Ni layers contributes to smooth and abrupt interfaces. It also suppresses the accumulation of interfacial roughness with the increasing number of layers. However, the abundant oxygen content results in a striking degradation of interface quality associated with the crystallization evolution. Moreover, the lateral correlation length of interfacial roughness exhibits a consistent tendency with the grain size as the oxygen content increases. Following the XPS depth profiles, although N 2 and O 2 gases were applied in the Ni layer deposition, the N and O were only detected in the Ti layers as the compound for the high chemical activity of Ti. The elemental form in the Ni layers corresponds to the crystalline structure inferred by XRD measurements.
Effect of Dinitrophenol on Oxidation of Tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The marked acceleration of metabolism of animals injected with small quantities of dinitro α napthol reported by Heymans and Bouchaert, Van Uytvanck, and Euler, and a similar action of dinitrophenol observed by Magne, Mayer and Plantefol and by Tainter and Cutting, make it of interest to learn whether these substances affect the rate of respiration of isolated tissues and cell suspensions in vitro. If that be the case, it may be hoped that a study of the action of these substances will aid in elucidating the mechanism of cellular oxidation and metabolism. We have studied the effect of 2-4 dinitrophenol on the respiration and anaerobic fermentation of yeast and of frog tissues, using Warburg vessels. With muscle, lactic acid was also determined chemically. Dinitrophenol added to the solutions in which the tissues or yeast are suspended, in concentrations of the same order as perhaps exists in the tissue fluids after administration of toxic or even large therapeutic doses to man or animals, causes a marked increase of respiration of tissues so far examined. With increasing concentrations, the effect rises to a maximum beyond which the rate of respiration is progressively decreased. The optimum for frog tissues at 25° pH 7.5 is 0.5 mg. % and for yeast at 30° pH 4.5 0.36 mg. %. The effect is most marked with frog muscle, the resting respiration of which is raised about 8 times above the normal, or to a level somewhat above that observed in similar muscles after maximum stimulation or even hashing. The marked increase caused by dinitrophenol is not accompanied by twitching, and the muscle remains irritable for at least 3 hours. A marked acceleration of anaerobic lactate production is caused by dinitrophenol, and reaches levels observed with hashed muscle. The controlling factor of lactic acid production present in normal muscle appears to be removed by the action of dinitrophenol and the process of glycolysis proceeds at nearly the maximum rate. In normal muscle at rest there is no aerobic glycolysis, but in the treated muscles there is an accumulation of lactic acid in spite of the high O2 consumption. A part of the acceleration in O2 consumption may therefore be explained by the increase in lactic acid.