jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Insights into Sulfonated Phthalocyanines; Insights into Anionic Tetraaryl Porphyrins; Irradiation of Cationic Metalloporphyrins Bound to DNA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfonated porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been under consideration as microbicides, compounds which, when used in a topical formulation, can prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Our studies have been directed toward the characterization of members of these classes. For the sulfonated phthalocyanines, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was helpful in determining the extent of sulfonation. We present the first report of spectroscopic characterization of a pentasulfonated phthalocyanine. Capillary electrophoresis data were sensitive to the concentration of the compounds (Chapter 1). Mass spectrometry was also very useful for establishing the extent of sulfonation in series of sulfonated porphyrins. Capillary electrophoresis was very useful in separating mixtures of these species. A study on sulfonation of a series of tetra(difluorophenyl)porphyrins showed that species with red-shifted Soret peaks were being formed. Data were consistent with an intramolecular sulfone bridge from the phenyl substituent to the porphyrin core. Sulfonation of the tetranaphthylporphyrins ring readily gave more than one sulfonic acid group per naphthyl side chain (Chapter 2). In cancer chemotherapy of solid tumors, it is desired to kill the tumor cells with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. Brachytherapy seeds have been a considerable help in this regard for some tumors. In further developing approaches to selective tumor damage, we have evaluated a technique, Auger Electron Therapy (AET) in which one introduces a compound that is expected to bind to DNA, absorb the radiation, and then catalyze clustered DNA damage via release of a series of Auger electrons. We chose a series of metals (silver, indium, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, silver and zirconium) with appropriate energy levels to absorb an x-ray photon from the brachytherapy seed and used the tetracationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (TMPyP4) as a scaffold. The amount of clustered DNA damage was quantitated by a plasmid assay. Experiments evaluated the effect of buffer, concentration of glycerol, irradiation time, and concentration of the porphyrin. No metal studied gave significant double stranded (localized) DNA damage. Significant single stranded DNA damage was observed, however, in the order zirconium >> ruthenium > palladium > platinum > silver ~ indium (Chapter 3).
Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus Abscess Drainage EPSiAD.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Pilonidal Sinus abscess drainage with Storz Fistuloscope has been a boon to early healing, minimal morbidity and time off from work. Patients can resume work early. The procedure can be done under local anesthesia.
Methods: Requirements: Storz Fistuloscope, laparoscopic camera, light source & cable, glycine 3 liter with manitol 100 ml 20%w/v, mono-polar underwater cautery. Position: left lateral or prone. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia or spinal. Procedure: incision as lateral as possible or through draining site in case of ruptured pilonidal abscess. Clean, wash, curettage, cauterize walls. Inject methylene blue to look for secondary sinus tracks. Keep fenestrated tube drain for post op wash for first 2 days.
Results: Post op results: Drainage stops in 48 hours. Cavity shrinks in 5-7 days. No need for a dressing after 10 days.
Conclusion: Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus abscess drainage is a simplified technique of draining effectively the abscess. Patient has minimal pain, early recovery and return to work. The wound size is 5mm diameter, and heals from base upwards. Recurrence seen in one patient, repeat endoscopic drainage procedure was acceptable to the patient. As the procedure allows a thorough visualization of the abscess cavity, the surgeon can manage the problem more efficiently.
An evaluation methodology for the tangible and intangible assets of city-regions: the 6K1C framework

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Together with hard and soft networks, tangible and intangible regional assets play an important role in the knowledge-based development of competing city-regions. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to investigate the best ways of managing invaluable tangible and intangible assets of city-regions. The paper explores the importance of asset management of city-regions by giving special emphasis on their knowledge asset base. This paper develops and introduces a theoretical framework to conceptualise a new approach to articulate the strategic planning mechanism, so called the 6K1C framework. The 6K1C framework is part of the strategic planning process of continuous improvement of overall public sector performance. The framework provides a proactive check-list approach integrated for managing and harnessing tangible and intangible assets of the post-industrial city-regions.
Corrigendum to “Regime Changes in International Real Interest Rates: Are They a Monetary Phenomenon?”

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I provide corrections to some of the previous empirical findings published in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 37, No. 5 (October 2005) by Rapach and Wohar on multiple structural breaks in mean real interest rates and inflation rates from 13 industrialized countries. I employ the same Bai and Perron (1998, 2003, 2006) method as Rapach and Wohar do. I utilize, however, a newly available “correct” procedure, which corrects numerical problems that contaminated its earlier versions. The problems were first identified by Zeileis and Kleiber (2005a, 2005b) and can sometimes produce erroneous results. Even after our corrections are made, the estimation results do not change much for most countries. There are, however, some notable differences. For instance, for the real interest rate from Australia, Table 1 compares the results. In each cell, the estimated mean of the real interest rate in each regime is reported, along with the estimated break date. The number in parentheses is a standard error and the numbers in square brackets are the 95% confidence interval of the break date. The sample period is 1960:4∼1998:3, with 152 quarterly observations. In Rapach and Wohar (2005), the upper limit of the confidence interval associated with the first break was erroneously reported as 1975:1. More detailed empirical results and replication files can be found at the data archive of the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking.
Database Analysis of Thru-Tubing Inflatable Packer Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Since early 1986, Thru-Tubing inflatable packer technology has allowed operators throughout the world to improve the efficiency of many of their workover operations, as a result of working through the existing production completion, and thus decrease the cost of these operations. As this technology has evolved, new applications are continuously being investigated and executed in the field. Thru-Tubing inflatable packer technology has proven to be a very versatile way of performing many workover operations, and the number of different applications being done today is ever increasing1. This paper will detail the types of applications being done today using Thru-Tubing packer technology, utilizing information compiled in a database which dates back to the original packer runs made at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, where this technology was pioneered. Many of these applications are a result of creative thinking on the part of operators who realize the flexibility of using an inflatable tool system. Also analyzed in this paper will be the success rates that have been demonstrated with these systems, including a discussion of the types of failures that have been seen in the field. Since inflatable packer performance is thought to be related to the expansion the element must withstand during the application, the database will also be utilized to study the success rates experienced as a function of element expansion. Advancements made in elastomer and design technology during the last few years has allowed for increased expansion capability, along with differential pressure capabilities and temperature resistance. Element success rates will also be given as a function of element outside diameter and bottom hole temperature in which the element is being used in. Utilizing the various fields set up in the database system, a series of frequency analyses will also be presented which cover wcllbore deviations, setting depths and geographical information. A comparison of conveyance means will also be made which will describe the ratio between electric wireline (EWL) and tubing (including coiled tubing (CT)) tool conveyance by year.
<title>Computer Analysis To Optimize Discrete Electro-Optical Systems</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A computer program has been derived to quantitatively compare electro-optical systems through the distribution of charge within discrete sensor arrays. The total effect of optical components and discrete detectors on point source inputs is found by utilizing both theoretical and empirical values of MTF and transmission as a function of wavelength. Data output includes responsivity and effective quantum efficiency without regard to the MTF effects of the system. Then, the total energy spectrum is convolved spatially and spectrally over a 7 x 7 matrix to obtain S/N and total signal in each element. The effects of optics and CCD pixel sizes on point source imaging are shown.
Open horizontal partial laryngectomies: supracricoid partial laryngectomies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First described in 1959 by Majer and Reider, supracricoid partial laryngectomies were popularized by Labayle and Piquet in France in 1971 and 1972. Some authors have made changes to the procedure to simplify and improve functional outcomes, as Guerrier and Pignat, who preserve the posterior ala of the thyroid cartilage and the inferior constrictor muscle. The pharyngeal height is preserved, and functional outcomes are facilitated. The latter does not perform a pexy to reconstruct the larynx. Supracricoid partial laryngectomies are indicated in supraglottic and transglottic selected tumors staged T1, T2, or T3; or glottic tumors with extension to the anterior commissure. When the supraglottic laryngectomy is contraindicated, it is an alternative to avoid total laryngectomy. These surgical techniques resect the thyroid cartilage and keep the hyoid bone, the cricoid cartilage and at least one arytenoid unit to preserve physiological functions of the larynx namely swallowing, breathing and phonation. The oncological results are excellent; and functional results very satisfactory.
Erratum: The peripheral blood proteome signature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is distinct from normal and is associated with novel immunological processes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46560; published online: 25 April 2017; updated: 30 June 2017 The original version of this Article contained an error in the reference list, where reference 51 was incorrectly listed as “Ogawa, S. et al. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid ethanolamine concentration in major depressive disorder.
STIMULUS COMPETITION IN ATTENTION: A NEURAL MODEL OF VISUAL CORTEX AREA V4

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When a monkey is presented simultaneously two stimuli in the receptive field of a neuron in the visual cortex area V4, the neuron firing rate response is intermediate between the neuron response when both stimuli are presented alone. This phenomenon is called stimulus competition. To study its basic underlying neural mechanisms, we calculate the neuron firing rate response to different stimulus configurations. We find that stimulus competition can arise from the neuron's response properties alone, but only for a limited set of stimulus pair parameters. Furthermore, network properties may be important in modifying the inputs so that competition may occur for much wider sets of stimulus pairs.
The Gold War: the dissolution of the Scandinavian Currency Union during the First World War

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article explains how the outbreak of the First World War resulted in the de facto dissolution of the Scandinavian Currency Union. Up until the First World War, the union among the central banks of Denmark, Norway and Sweden is considered to be a success. However, the outbreak of war brought cooperation to its knees. The article rejects two conventional perspectives on the break-up of the union. Firstly, that Denmark's and Norway's greater monetary expansion was pivotal to the break-up, whilst Sweden pursued a more prudent monetary policy. In contrast, the article argues that the disintegration of the union is better understood by the implementation of a unilateral Swedish gold blockade policy, influenced by Swedish economic theorists. Secondly, that Sweden in April 1917 finally solved her problem of continued gold inflows by threatening to withdraw from the union. Quite conversely, it is argued that Swedish the Riksbank had to give up her hard line, because Norwegian Norges Bank throughout 1917 forced through gold shipments to pay for Norway's trade deficit, which resulted in a virtual Gold War between the two countries. The scramble for resources saw cordiality being replaced by distrust, whilst national needs overrode any hope of cooperation.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under what conditions should we expect labor rights in global supply chains to improve? This book asks what has been and what can be done. Although we find that any change is difficult both to achieve and sustain, some progress is possible. Change comes, we argue, when the interests of key actors are aligned to improve labor standards. The achievement of alignment is not a given but requires political and economic processes, and often the explicit use of economic and political power, to compel stakeholders to form commonalties of interest. Our aim is to specify the conditions that align the interests of employers, governments, and consumers with those of the workers. We do this with a particular focus on apparel, footwear, and consumer electronics brands, whose history we trace generally and through case studies of four countries that illustrate a variety of strategies and processes: the United States, Honduras, Bangladesh, and China. We find that the contemporary form of the global supply chain is the source of problematic working conditions we identify and that improved labor standards require transformation in the motivations and practices of owners and managers of supply chain businesses and the governments that house them.
California Sub stance Abuse Research Consortium, September 2005: Update on Recent Methamphetamine Trends in Four California Regions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

California Substance Abuse Research Consortium (SARC) meetings have become a mainstay in supporting the exchange of new alcohol and other drug information on research to policy and other initiatives throughout the state. A cornerstone of SARC is a discussion of regional substance abuse patterns and trends. This article provides readers with a brief overview of recently released methamphetamine statistics, as well as a more detailed review of the methamphetamine information presented during the substance abuse epidemiology portion of the September 2005 meeting, as presented for Kern County, Los Angeles County, San Diego County, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the state of California.
Comparative Gross Anatomical Studies on Oropharynx of Flamingo, Great Indian Horned Owl, Budgerigar, Peahen and Emu

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The roof of the oropharynx was formed by the hard palate and its anterior two third was divided by a median palatine ridge into right and left halves in flamingo followed by great Indian horned owl, emu, peahen. In buderiger the median palatine ridge was not noticed. The hard palate presented a long single median cleft called the choanal cleft which connected the oral cavity to the nasal cavity. The shape of the avian choanal cleft presented species to species difference in the present study. The floor of the oral cavity varied in different avian species, the floor of the oropharynx consists of mandible, tongue and laryngeal mound. The tongue of emu was greatly reduced in comparison to the bill length. The tongue of all species showed the presence of a papillary crest which were separated the body from the root of the tongue.
Mapping of angular and spatial optical intensity distributions issuing from nanostructured slits, milled into subwavelength metallic layers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of experiments in support of the composite diffracted evanescent wave (CDEW) model that describes the response of subwavelength planar structures to illumination by polarised plane-wave optical excitation. These experiments consist of four types of data: (1) angular distribution of the transmitted light as a function of quarterwave groove displacement, (2) efficiency of transmission through a subwavelength slit as a function of slit-groove distance, (3) relative phase measurements by far-field interference patterns of transmitted light as a function of slit-groove displacement, and (4) far-field spatial profile of the optical field intensity issuing from subwavelength slits flanked by periodic grooves and fabricated on a thin metallic layer. These types of structure are of interest for the manipulation of cold atoms by optical potentials near surfaces.
A MODERN APPROACH TO LACRIMAL SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In this series of 129 lacrimal operations over a ten‐year period the techniques of simple and complex lacrimal surgery are discussed. Preoperative investigations included dye tests and radiological studies which determined the type of surgical procedure required. Meticulous haemostasis and identification of the surgical anatomy reduced the incidence of operative and postoperative complications. Where failures occurred re‐operation was performed with satisfactory results in all except one case. Lester Jones Pyrex tube techniques are described using a flow system of instrumentation designed to facilitate primary and secondary tube insertion and also tube replacement.
An Examination And Validation Of The Theoretical Resistivity-Temperature Relationship For Conductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electrical resistivity is a fundamental parameter of metals or electrical conductors. Since resistivity is a function of temperature, in order to completely understand the behavior of metals, a temperature dependent theoretical model is needed. A model based on physics principles has recently been developed to obtain an equation that relates electrical resistivity to temperature. This equation is dependent upon a parameter associated with the electron travel time before being scattered, and a parameter that relates the energy of the atoms and their separation distance. Analysis of the energy parameter reveals that the equation is optimized if the proportionality term in the equation is not constant but varies over the temperature range. Additional analysis reveals that the theoretical equation can be used to determine the mean free path of conduction electrons, the number of defects in the atomic lattice, and the ‘equivalent’ charge associated with the metallic bonding of the atoms. All of this analysis provides validation for the theoretical model and provides insight into the behavior of metals where performance is affected by temperatures (e.g., integrated circuits and temperature sensors).
A multi-level assessment of shared decision making: An evaluation of clinician and patient attitudes and behaviors and the identification of predictive profiles

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to gain a greater understanding of shared decision making (SDM) by identifying the behaviors and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients that are associated with varying levels of SDM performance. The study centered on HCP and patient surveys that assessed a participant’s degree of endorsement of SDM favorable behaviors by asking them to predict how they might address a specific decision point in various healthcare interactions. Using quantitative (descriptive analytics, predictive and mixture modeling) and qualitative methods (grounded theory) to analyze the data, SDM skills were quantified in HCP and patient populations, and demographic and attitudinal factors that facilitate or hinder successful implementation of SDM were identified. Distinct HCP profiles (Motivated but Cautious, Insufficiently Engaged, and Pro-Autonomous) and patient profiles (Pro-Paternalistic, Pro-Autonomous, and Unconcerned but Open-Minded) were then defined. By characterizing these distinct profiles and the attitudes and preferences that are associated with one another, these results can be directly utilized by educational providers interested in teaching SDM skills to enable HCPs to individualize their SDM approach based on the recognition of these profiles while also providing the self-assessment needed to modify their own behaviors.
Individual determinants of publication and citation records ∗

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Thanks to a unique individual dataset of French academics in economics, we explain individual publication and citation records by gender and age, coauthorship patterns (average number of authors per article and size of the co-author network) and specialisation choices (percentage of output in each JEL code). The analysis is performed on both Econ-Lit publication scores (adjusted for journal quality) and Google Scholar citation indexes, which allows us to present a broad picture of knowledge diffusion in economics. Citations are largely driven by publication records but also substantially increased by larger research team size and co-author networks.
A new signaling system for efficient packet transmission using new gateway system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The need to configure the network structure is different from the legacy network system in order to meet the needs of the core network 5G. Legacy network does not satisfy an increase in the increase in connection delay time and the traffic at the centralized model. generating requests and trigger central node which occurs in a number up connection small cell and the terminal will give much burden to the MME in charge of Mobility Management from EPC. Moreover, EPC is dependent on GTP is a protocol for supporting the terminal mobility that was used in the 2G / 3G. GTP can be that maintained to support Mobility, GTP tunnel management which requires heavy signaling and handover that occur frequently will be giving a burden to the MME complicate. In addition, the tunnel is sensitive to time and delay, will result in a packet overhead. Therefore, we attempt to propose an architecture which can meet the scheme and 5G requirements can solve the problems with GTP.