jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A SELECTIVE MEDIUM AND PRESUMPTIVE PROCEDURE FOR DETECTION OF SALMONELLA IN DAIRY PRODUCTS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A culture medium and testing procedure were developed to detect and differentiate Salmonella in pure culture study and for presumptive detection of Salmonella in dairy products. Most pure cultures of Salmonella were easily differtiated from other members of the Enterobacteriaceae group after 18 hr incubation at 37 C in a neutral red-lysine-iron-cystine broth. Salmonella changed neutral red in the medium from red to yellow and most strains turned the medium black through formation of a massive black precipitate. Species of Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, and Pseudomonas intensified the red color of the medium and failed to blacken it. Species of Klebsiella and Escherichia usually changed the medium from red to yellow in 18 hr but none developed a black precipitate. The few nonhydrogen sulfide producing strains (no medium blackening) of salmonellae were differentiated from Escherichia and Klebsiella sp. by continued incubation to a total of 42 hr followed by the use of a second indicator, brom thymol blue. Only salmonellae gave an alkaline reaction and converted the medium from yellow to green or blue. The medium provided for rapid detection of most salmonellae after 18 hr incubation, as characterized by medium blackening or color change from red to yellow. Related enteric bacteria, other than Arizona strains were readily differentiated. For dairy products a slight modification in medium formula and use of novobiocin and trypsin were required. Novobiocin selectively inhibits growth of most interfering spore formers and gram-positive bacteria and also certain strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus. Trypsin was used to digest casein added with the dairy product sample. A positive presumptive test for Salmonella in dairy products was indicated in the medium by a color change from red to yellow and/or production of a massive black precipitate of iron sulfide after 24 hr incubation. Absence of salmonellae was indicated by no color change or no medium blackening. Results from testing several dairy products indicated that the procedure may be of value in the rapid screening of these foods for salmonellae. Although confirmation and serological identification are still essential, the test eliminates preenrichment and gives presumptive evidence of salmonellae contamination after 24 hr.
Omeprazole and adenocarcinoma in the stomach of rats submitted to duodenogastric reflux. Is there a protective effect?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the role of omeprazole and nitrites on the gastric mucosa of rats submitted to specific techniques to induce duodenogastric reflux. Methods: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group I (n=40) -gastrotomy; Group II (n=40) - duodenogastric reflux after gastrojejunoanastomosis latero-lateral (DGR); Group III (n=40) - retrograde duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus (DGR-P). The groups were divided into 4 subgroups of 10 animals, respectively treated for 16 weeks with water, omeprazole 1.6 mg / rat / day, nitrite 600 mg / kg / day and omeprazole plus nitrite simultaneously. Results: The proliferative lesions found were: squamous hyperplasia - 69.1%, adenomatous hyperplasia in the anastomosis - 29.1% and prepyloric adenomatous hyperplasia - 42.5%. Adenocarcinomas were registered in 7 animals (5.8%): one in Group I (omeprazole plus nitrite), two in Group II (omeprazole and nitrite plus omeprazole) and four in Group III (water, nitrite, omeprazole and omeprazole plus nitrite). Conclusions: The occurrence of squamous hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma increased after gastrojejunal anastomoses, which cause duodenogastric reflux. The association of omeprazole did not protect the development of proliferative lesions and cancer induced by duodenogastric reflux in rats.
Coordination Engineering of Fe‐Centered Catalysts for Superior Li−S Battery Performance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Iron‐nitrogen functionalized graphene has emerged as a promising cathode host for rechargeable lithium‐sulfur batteries (RLSBs) due to its affordability and enhanced battery performance. To optimize its catalytical efficiency, we propose a novel approach involving coordination engineering. Our investigation spans a plethora of catalysts with varied coordination environments, focusing on elements B, C, N and O. We revealed that Fe−C 4 and Fe−B 2 C 2 −h are particularly effective for promoting Li 2 S oxidation, whereas Fe‐N 4 excels in catalyzing the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR). Importantly, our study identified specific descriptors – namely, the Integrated Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (ICOHP) and the bond length between Fe and S in Li 2 S adsorbed state – as the most effective predictive descriptors for Li 2 S oxidation barriers. Meanwhile, Li 2 S adsorption energy emerges as a reliable descriptor for assessing the SRR barrier. These identified descriptors are expected to be instrumental in rapidly identifying promising cathode hosts across various metal‐centered systems with diverse coordination environments. Our findings not only offer valuable insights into the role of coordination environment, but also present an effective path for rapidly identifying high performance catalysts for RLSBs, enabling the acceleration of advanced RLSBs development.
Rain Attenuation Investigation for Ka band Satellite Transmission in Tropical Region

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Growing demands in satellite communication are driving a shift towards higher frequency bands, as lower bands become oversaturated. It is crucial to explore higher frequency bands beyond 10 GHz in order to satisfy the rapidly increasing demand for dependable and high-capacity satellite communication. But to explore into higher frequency bands, a problem has been encountered where there is a significant deterioration of Ka-Band signal quality caused by continuous heavy rainfall in the tropical regions. Rain attenuation caused a great loss in signal compared to other attenuation. The objective of this study is to determine the fade margin estimation for the measured data. This research compares and analyses a set of data from 2022 measured in Cyberjaya. This study also conducted a comparison of rain attenuation estimation utilizing ITU-R model. Fade margin estimation at 99.9% availability obtained from this research is 20 dB at Ka-band frequency.
IN VITRO EFFECTS OF LARGE AND SMALL GLASS FIBERS ON RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to explore the use of alveolar macrophage culture to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two glass fiber materials, a building insulation fiberglass (a relatively long and thick fiber) and a glass microfiber (a short and thin fiber). Alveolar macrophages were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were cultured with varying fiber concentrations for up to 3 d. Fiber toxicity was assessed by assaying cell viability, membrane integrity, and phagocyte function. The microfibers exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity shown by the loss of cell viability and function. The building insulation fiberglass had little effect on cell viability and did not change macrophage function in this assay system. The results of this study show that short and thin glass fibers are more toxic than long and thick fibers in vitro, supporting a role of fiber dimension in toxicity.
Methods for averaging irregular respiratory flow profiles in awake humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Respiratory flow profiles have been of interest as an output of the respiratory controller. In determining average flow profiles, however, previous methods that align individual breaths in the time domain are susceptible to distortions caused by the great variability, both between breaths and within breaths. We aimed to develop a method for determining typical flow profiles that circumvents such distortions. Our method aligns different breaths by phase of respiratory cycle, which is defined as the angle associated with the point on the normalized flow-volume diagram (a phase-plane plot). Over a number of breaths, median values for flow, volume, and elapsed time from the start of the breath at each phase angle are determined. Because these estimates are mutually semi-independent and in general violate the laws of mass balance, an adjustment was performed such that the volume was precisely the time integral of the flow. The method produced typical flow profiles with characteristics that were significantly closer to the mean values obtained from the individual cycles than those obtained by the technique of Benchetrit and co-workers (Benchetrit G, Shea SA, Dinh TP, Bodocco S, Baconnier P, and Guz A, Respir Physiol 75: 199–210, 1989), which reconstructs the typical flow profile from Fourier coefficients.
Coarse-to-fine Palmprint-Specific Quality Feature Learning for Palmprint Image Quality Assessment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Palmprint recognition has aroused broad concern recently due to its several advantages, such as contactless, hygienic, and less-invasive properties. However, most existing palmprint recognition methods focus on feature extraction and matching without assessing the quality of palmprint images, making the recognition result sensitive []to low-quality images. To the best of our knowledge, there is still no literature with an attempt to specially study the problem of palmprint image quality assessment. To address this, in this paper, we propose an end-to-end palmprint-specific quality feature learning and assessment framework, which consists of an attention-embedded coarse feature learning network and a fine quality feature learning network. The coarse feature learning network aims to extensively explore the quality-related information from palmprint images by embedding texture maps into the palmprint images via an attention-embedded CNN network. Then, the fine quality feature learning network is learned to extract the latent quality-specific features of palmprint images. Moreover, we established a new quality-labeled palmprint image benchmark database based on an automatic quality labeling scheme. Experimental results on the new palmprint image benchmark database demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Theoretical fundamentals of it-aided clinical diagnostics of various ent-diseases using informative systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The work provides historical information on the development of expert systems (ES) in the field of medical information technologies (IT) as well as the review of the modern data of ES using in practical medicine. The remarkable increase of medical data volume and the rapid change of understanding the events, facts, phenomena in the condition of time deficiency prevent a doctor from efficient processing of the collected information about the patient. ES is one of the forms of using the diagnostic mathematical and computer-aided methods for decision support systems (DSS). It provides increasing the efficiency of diagnostic information processing by means of special mathematical methods using the piece of information a person cannot use without specialized methods of mathematical treatment and computing technology. Implementing the mathematical methods in the form of computer DSS facilities including ES necessitates the objective estimation of the informative system quality and the efficiency of their functioning at a specialist’s working place. As a result it becomes possible to make early and exact diagnostics and forecast of the diseases and their complications. Nowadays in otorhinolaryngology there occurred a number of works using various mathematical methods for DSS development in diagnostics of different ENT-diseases. The specialists of the Chair of ENT-diseases of Tyumen State Medical University are involved in ES development based on mathematical algorithms. An ES developed on the basis of artificial neuron networks “LOR­Neuro” provides high degree of diagnoses correctness and differential diagnostics of acute pharyngeal diseases.
Behaviour of an emulsion treated base (ETB) layer as determined from heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bituminous materials and, more specifically, emulsions are often used as an additive to layers during the rehabilitation of road pavements. However, the Mechanistic analysis and economic justification of emulsion stabilization often presents engineers with challenges. This paper reports on the development of a fatigue relationship to be used for the mechanistic analyses of emulsion treated layers using heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) test results. It is shown that the rehabilitated road pavement is capable of carrying relatively high traffic loads under a condition of relatively high surface deflection measurements. The resultant fatigue line is compared to other existing fatigue lines which are shown to be comparatively conservative. The verification of these results in practice could assist engineers in the economic justification of the use of emulsion as an additive for the in-situ recycling of road pavement layers.
A 30-year retrospective study of single-unit and splinted implant supported crowns and their effects upon adjacent tissues and teeth in a Canadian Dental School Environment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: A retrospective study at a Canadian dental school evaluated the survivability of single-unit and splinted implant supported crowns and their effects on adjacent tissues. Methods: Data from patients of all ages was collected from the institution’s computer patient management software (AxiUm) and physical charts. Results: A total of 678 implant supported crowns (586 single-unit and 92 splinted) were placed at the University of Manitoba Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry between September 10, 1989 to January 1, 2020. Of the implant cases, 249 (36.7%) of them were smokers, 64 (9.44%) were diabetic and 96 (14.2%) were reported to experience bruxism. Within the duration of the study, 17 (2.90%) single-unit crowns and 5 (5.43%) splinted crowns failed and warranted a replacement. Furthermore, 371 single-unit (63.3%) and 46 splinted (50.0%) implant crowns were a complete success as they had no complications with the crown itself or adjacent tissues. Therefore, 215 single-unit (36.7%) and 46 splinted (50.0%) crowns endured some type of complication with the crown or adjacent tissues which may have led to its failure. Overall, 96.8% of cases experienced no failure as of the study end date and a log rank test was performed to determine if there were differences in the survival distribution for the single-unit and splinted implant supported crowns (χ2(2) = 1.285, p = 0.257). Conclusion: The survival distribution of single-unit and splinted implant supported crowns was not statistically significant as they both presented with high success rates and minimal complications. Although some limitations and challenges were present, this study highlights the longevity and complications of implant supported crowns in order to improve their functionality and lifespan as well as to maintain the health of adjacent teeth.
[Vesico-amniotic shunt-therapy in fetal obstructive uropathy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to the widespread use of obstetric ultrasound an increasing number of congenital malformations are diagnosed prenatally. Some of these can be treated in utero. A 17 week-old fetus with a posterior urethral valve was diagnosed due to a dilated bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis and oligohydramnios. An ultrasonically guided vesicoamniotic shunt was successfully placed in utero at 24 weeks of gestation in order to prevent development of dysplastic kidneys and hypoplastic lungs. Transurethral valve resection was performed five months postnatally. The one year-old infant is now well and has one normally functioning kidney.
Data from Molecular Grading of Ductal Carcinoma <i>In situ</i> of the Breast

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Increased incidence of ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> (DCIS) associated with mammographic screening for breast cancer has emphasized the challenges of managing this condition. The aim of this study was to identify informative clinical indicators of DCIS biology by molecular profiling.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Areas of <i>in situ</i> carcinoma, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and benign epithelium were microdissected from 46 invasive breast cancers. Oligonucleotide probes showing differential expression between DCIS associated with grade 1 and 3 invasive cancer were identified by microarray-based gene expression profiling. Expression at these probes was used to define a “molecular grade” subcategorization of all samples. The genomic basis of molecular grade was examined by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Clinical course was examined in a cohort of 134 patients with DCIS treated by surgery alone.</p><p><b>Results:</b> DCIS samples were designated as low or high molecular grade based on expression at 173 probes. The low molecular grade subgroup included low (<i>n</i> = 10) and intermediate (<i>n</i> = 11) nuclear grade DCIS as well as all samples of atypical ductal hyperplasia (<i>n</i> = 4) and benign epithelium (<i>n</i> = 7). The high molecular grade subgroup included DCIS of intermediate (<i>n</i> = 7) and high (<i>n</i> = 19) nuclear grade. The character and degree of genomic aberration were distinct between molecular grade subgroups. A classification tree model including nuclear grade and Ki67 score accurately predicted molecular grade for 95.7% of samples. In an independent cohort, this showed a pattern of rapid disease recurrence for high molecular grade DCIS.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Molecular profiling indicates a binary grading scheme for DCIS. This practical approach has potential to improve clinical evaluation of DCIS.</p></div>
Oral anticoagulant therapy in patients undergoing dental surgery.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The literature on dental surgery in patients receiving oral anticoagulants is reviewed, and methods of managing anticoagulant therapy to minimize the risk of complications are discussed. Although blood loss during and after oral surgery in patients receiving oral anticoagulant drugs can be substantial, research indicates that most bleeding incidents are not serious and can be controlled by local measures. Studies of 241 anticoagulant-treated patients undergoing more than 500 dental extractions during the 1950s and 1960s showed that only 9 had postoperative bleeding. More recent studies indicate that continued anticoagulation can increase the frequency of prolonged bleeding and delay wound healing. An antifibrinolytic mouthwash containing tranexamic acid can effectively suppress postoperative bleeding. Gelatin sponges, oxidized cellulose, and microcrystalline collagen are other useful hemostatic agents. A reduction in the intensity of anticoagulation therapy has been recommended; the prothrombin time should be measured shortly before the procedure in such patients. In many patients the duration of subtherapeutic anticoagulation must be minimized to reduce the possibility of thromboembolism. An option for high-risk patients is to switch them to heparin. Each patient must be evaluated individually, and the level of risk of the dental procedure and the risk of thromboembolism should be taken into account. In patients taking oral anticoagulants who must undergo dental surgery, careful control of the intensity of anticoagulation and improved methods of local hemostasis can minimize the risk of hemorrhagic complications and thromboembolism.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS FROM INDUSTRIAL DAIRY WASTE AND EVALUATION OF ITS BIODEGRADABILITY

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microscopic organisms, commonly referred to as microbes, are organisms that are not visible to the naked eye. While some of these microorganisms can lead to diseases, numerous beneficial ones play essential roles in various domains. These advantageous microorganisms are pivotal in ecological systems, contributing to processes like biodegradation and bioremediation. They also find significant applications in diverse industries such as agriculture, food production, and the development of probiotics. This research aims to investigate the potential discovery of various biodegradable microorganisms capable of breaking down organic waste and similar materials. The focus is on finding effective ways to manage these materials in the context of global warming and related environmental concerns. The isolation of microorganisms involved the collection of samples from dairy industry effluents from dairy farms of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Six isolates were screened following sample collection and examination. To distinguish the gathered microorganisms, various analyses were conducted. These included testing the isolates on nutrient agar at room temperature for 24 hours, with observations made on characteristics such as size, shape, color, margin, height, opacity, and stability. Morphological features like gram nature and motility were also examined. Subsequent to physical-biochemical characterization, tests for catalase, oxidase, and indole citrate were conducted. Biochemical tests were carried out to assess extracellular enzymatic activities, including caseinase and starch hydrolysis. Additionally, carbohydrate utilization tests were performed for lactose, maltose, inositol, xylose, among others. Out of the 06 isolates, two exhibited protease production and were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, two isolates demonstrated effective antibacterial activity and susceptibility to different antibiotics.
Morgagni hernia in infants and children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cumulative data regarding five cases of Morgagni hernias in infants and children over the last six years have been reviewed. All five patients were clinically normal upon presentation; however, the most common symptoms and signs were respiratory. Chest x-ray was the most common diagnostic test. The diagnoses were also later confirmed with preoperative barium meal studies. All of the patients had additional congenital anomalies, of which malrotation of the gut was the most commonly encountered. Upon operation, all of the cases contained a hollow viscus, and had a sac. The defects were repaired through abdominal approaches. There was no mortality and postoperative complication in these series.
Efficient Human Genome Editing Using SaCas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome editing using RNA‐guided nucleases in their ribonucleoprotein (RNP) form represents a promising strategy for gene modification and therapy because they are free of exogenous DNA integration and have reduced toxicity in vivo and ex vivo. However, genome editing by Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) has not been reported in its RNP form, which recognizes a longer protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), 5′‐NNGRRT‐3′, compared with Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) of 5′‐NGG‐3′ PAM. Here, SaCas9‐RNP‐mediated genome editing is reported in human cells. The SaCas9‐RNP displayed efficient genome editing activities of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) coding gene as well as three endogenous genes ( OPA1, RS1 , and VEGFA ). Further, SaCas9‐RNP is successfully implemented to correct a pathogenic RS1 mutation for X‐linked juvenile retinoschisis. It is also shown that off‐target effects triggered by SaCas9‐RNP are undetectable by targeted deep sequencing. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of SaCas9‐RNP‐mediated genome editing in human cells, which could facilitate genome‐editing‐based therapy.