jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What do acoustic tags placed on the back of echolocating dolphins really measure?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Suction cup deployed acoustic tags have been used to study the echolocation behavior of a number of odontocetes, yet the relationship between the projected biosonar signals and tag recordings are not known. Acoustic data obtained from these tags consist of the number of clicks emitted, the depth at which the clicks are emitted and the inter-click intervals during a biosonar search. In order to understand the relationship between the emitted signals detected in the front of a dolphin and the signals detected by a tag, a spherical hydrophone was mounted on a wooden model of a tag and mounted on the back of a dolphin via a suction cup. The dolphin was involved in a biosonar discrimination task and the signals were measured 1 m from its blowhole along the acoustic axis of the beam and the acoustic tag placed in five different locations on the animal’s back. The signals recorded by the tag were complex with the first pulse being a high frequency resonance-like signal followed by clicks resembling the outgoing clicks but experiencing reflective interference. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the signals measured by the tag was between 40 and 50 dB lower than that of the outgoing signal.
Measuring the Electric Strength of Board Composite Materials and Insulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article contains the results of electric strength measuring of board composite materials and electrical insulators. It describes and briefly specifies the measured materials, i.e., the composites based on Glass, Kevlar and Carbon fiber. The composite electrical insulators are Kartit, Glasstextite and Textite. The measurement description shows the measurement system diagram and parameters of the used testing high-voltage source. The evaluation suggests the possibility of using composite materials as electromobiles' construction components which require specific electrical properties.
Narrow-band solar images in the soft x-ray regime with multilayer optics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High quality multilayers with 2d spacings as short as about 44 A have been used successfully for astronomical observations. Observation of both the sun and cosmic X-ray sources (for which radiation longward of the carbon edge at about 44 A is strongly attenuated by interstellar matter) are possible at wavelengths shorter than 40 A with current multilayer technology, if mirrors are used at nonnormal angles of incidence. We discuss several configurations which are suitable for high resolution solar imaging observations in the wavelength interval between 0.5 and 50 A. We also describe the design and anticipated performance of a multilayer optical system we are currently developing for a rocketborne solar observatory.
Novel and photography: The essence of photography in the novel by Miloš Crnjanski Kod Hiperborejaca

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the presence of photography in the narrative sequence of the artistic text Kod Hiperborejaca by Milos Crnjanski, treating it as a novel. The photography of the hero’s shadow in the novel taken on the Baltic Sea coast in Skagen is of a nonliterary origin, and as such, it represents the starting point of the examination whereby we seek to illuminate the following issues: 1) the problematic interrelation between the hero and the author; 2) the attitude taken by the character concerning phenomena like death, war, being and duality of the being; as well as 3) the attitude taken by the author concerning the issues of tradition and truth, by means of the hero’s insight into the contemporary and past times flow. The essence of the presence of the photography phenomenon in Hiperborejci thus represents a pivotal point of the research, the aim of which is to demonstrate the following: the way the current phenomenon has become one of the poetic patterns in the novel Kod Hiperborejaca, indirectly revealing its artistic domain.
Investigation of the Electrical Field Distribution Along the Non-Ceramic Insulator with and without Corona Ring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Application of corona rings to insulators on High Voltage Transmission lines has become a very significant research in this era as it aids in the reduction and balancing of the electric field at the energized end of the insulator. Presently, non-ceramic insulators are commonly being used due to its encouraging properties compared to the ceramic insulators. The system will be beneficial as it avoids any breakdown or failures to transmission lines. The methodology applied on to this system is the Finite Element Method (FEM) which is used to identify the electric field using the COMSOL multi physics software. The optimum position of the corona ring will be identified by manipulating three main parameters which are the radius, height and distance to reduce the electric field at the energized end. Additionally, the system focuses on 132kV Transmission Lines as is it the commonly used voltage rating. By applying the methodology as mentioned, an average percentage reduction of 59% was achieved when the corona ring is present.
Sensory Evaluation Techniques of Food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The article is a pleading for the introduction of sensory evaluation in several areas of the food industry and its use as a valuable tool for evaluating the degree of acceptability of a food, by the consumers. A series standard guidelines of good practice used in sensory evaluation are presented, which refer both to the layout of the laboratory, as well as to the samples and to the evaluation specialists, as well as the tools used by them to describe and evaluate the sensory aspects of a food product.
Management and pathophysiology of meningiomas during pregnancy. Literature review and case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Intracranial tumors diagnosed during pregnancy can cause complications and aggravation for both pregnant and the baby. Tumors are often confused with the diagnosis of eclampsia, therefore involve cautious analysis. Thus, characteristics such as high blood pressure, seizures, intracranial hypertension increase the level of severity of the tumors in question. Fast and efficient diagnosis is of paramount importance for the best outcomes in cases of intracranial tumors in pregnancy. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old primiparous patient G1P0A0, previously healthy, diagnosed with gestational hypertension, evolved during pregnancy with pre-eclampsia refractory to drug treatment. Computed tomography scan of the skull showed a giant sphenoid wing meningioma. At 38 weeks of gestation, the patient presented with a seizure and was admitted to the maternity ward, the examination of eye fundus showed edema of the papillae. In the week following delivery, the patient underwent craniectomy with total meningioma resection. Methods: We performed a literature review on Medline database using as keywords “meningiomas” and “pregnancy” to carry out our search, and 211 articles were found, with only 6 used in this paper, which were further compared with our case. Conclusion: Meningiomas diagnosed during pregnancy, although rare, require several precautions to preserve mother and baby’s lives. Furthermore, given the gestational period and hormonal changes, tumors undergo changes in their functional and anatomical characteristics. Treatment and diagnosis must be quick and efficient, taking into account the gestation time and tumor location.
Fermentation of kefir grains in different brazilian raw cane sugar commercial brands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kefir is a probiotic fermented beverage resulted of the inoculation of kefir grains on different substrates. The raw cane sugar (also known as brown sugar) solution is one of the most common and most studied substrates. However, there is little evidence of the interference of the origin of the sugar in the grain fermentation intensity. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the kinetics of the fermentation of kefir grains in brown sugar solution from five different commercial brands. The fermentative substrate was prepared with 10% brown sugar dissolved in deionized water, and 10% kefir grains were added. The fermentation process took place for 48 hours at room temperature. The analyzes performed were pH, tritable acidity, lactic acid bacteria and yeast count, all of them at time 0 and 48 (hours) of fermentation. Kefir grain biomass was weighed at times 0, 24 and 48 (hours). Native brand showed a more pronounced fermentation process, with greater growth in biomass, from 50.01 g to 122.03g, while Bella brand resulted in a substrate with small changes of pH and acidity and a good microbial growth.
Coupling of a single active nanoparticle to a polymer-based photonic structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The engineered coupling between a guest moiety (molecule, nanoparticle) and the host photonic nanostructure may provide a great enhancement of the guest optical response, leading to many attractive applications. In this article, we describe briefly the basic concept and some recent progress considering the coupling of a single nanoparticle into a photonic structure. Different kinds of nanoparticles of great interest including quantum dots and nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond for single photon source, nonlinear nanoparticles for efficient nonlinear effect and sensors, magnetic nanoparticles for Kerr magneto-optical effect, and plasmonic nanoparticles for ultrafast optical switching and sensors, are briefly reviewed. We focus further on the coupling of plasmonic gold nanoparticles and polymeric photonic structures by optimizing theoretically the photonic structures and developing efficient way to realize desired hybrid structures. The simple and low-cost fabrication technique, the optical enhancement of the fluorescent nanoparticles induced by the photonic structure, as well as the limitations, challenges and appealing prospects are discussed in details.
A whale of a tale: whale cells evade the driving mechanism for hexavalent chromium-induced chromosome instability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chromosome instability, a hallmark of lung cancer, is a driving mechanism for hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] carcinogenesis in humans. Cr(VI) induces structural and numerical chromosome instability in human lung cells by inducing DNA double-strand breaks and inhibiting homologous recombination repair and causing spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) bypass and centrosome amplification. Great whales are long-lived species with long-term exposures to Cr(VI) and accumulate Cr in their tissue, but exhibit a low incidence of cancer. Data show Cr(VI) induces fewer chromosome aberrations in whale cells after acute Cr(VI) exposure suggesting whale cells can evade Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability. However, it is unknown if whales can evade Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that whale cells resist Cr(VI)-induced loss of homologous recombination repair activity and increased SAC bypass and centrosome amplification. We found Cr(VI) induces similar amounts of DNA double-strand breaks after acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) exposures in whale lung cells, but does not inhibit homologous recombination repair, SAC bypass, or centrosome amplification, and does not induce chromosome instability. These data indicate whale lung cells resist Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability, the major driver for Cr(VI) carcinogenesis at a cellular level, consistent with observations that whales are resistant to cancer.
Impact-Flood propagation uncertainty calculations. The flooding of Sumacárcel after Tous Dam Break Cemagref`s modelling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of a numerical study focused on dam-break flood wave propagation. The study is performed in the framework of the EC-funded IMPACT project. A two-dimensional numerical code solving shallow water equations was used. Two models were built, one for the whole valley and one for the small town of Sumacarcel five kilometres downstream from the dam. From various discharge hydrographs at dam site obtained using breaching models, results of water levels along the valley and inside the town were compared. / Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude numérique centrée sur la propagation d`une rupture de barrage. L'étude a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet européen IMPACT. Un code numérique bidimensionnel résolvant les équations de Saint Venant a été utilisé. Deux modèles ont été construits, un pour l'ensemble de la vallée et un pour la petite ville de Sumacarcel située cinq kilomètres en aval du barrage. A partir de plusieurs hydrogrammes au droit du barrage obtenus par des modèles numériques de rupture de remblais, les résultats en niveaux d'eau ont été comparés le long de la vallée et à l'intérieur de la ville.
Understanding the magnetic field and plasma-$β$ along umbral fan loops traced using 3-min slow waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma-$β$ is an important fundamental physical quantity in solar plasma physics, which determines the dominating process in the solar atmosphere, i.e., magnetic or thermodynamic processes. Here, for the first time, we provide variations of magnetic field and plasma-$β$ along magnetically structured loops from the photosphere to the corona. We have selected several fan loops rooted in sunspot umbra observed simultaneously by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and Solar Dynamics Observatory. The 3-min slow waves enabled us to trace and analyze several fan loops with cross-sectional areas in the lower atmosphere and locate their footpoints at the photosphere. We find the RMS magnetic field strengths in the range 1596-2269 G at the photospheric footpoints of the fan loops, which decrease rapidly to 158-236 G at the coronal footpoints. We estimated the plasma-$β$ at the photospheric and coronal footpoints in the range 0.2-0.5 and 0.0001-0.001, respectively. We found plasma-$β$$<$$1$ along the whole loop, whereas the plasma-$β$$\approx$$1$ layer is found to be at sub-photospheric heights. We compared our findings for isolated individual fan loops with a previously established model for active regions and found an almost similar pattern in variations with height, but with different plasma-$β$ values. Our results demonstrate the seismological potential of 3-min slow waves omnipresent in the umbral sunspot atmosphere to probe and map isolated loops and determine magnetic field and plasma-$β$ along these loops. The obtained parameters provide crucial ingredients for the theoretical modeling of the umbral atmosphere and wave dynamics along loops.
Pathology of aGammabaculovirusin Its Natural Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Host

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Neodiprion abietis Gammabaculovirus (Baculoviridae: NeabNPV) is virulent, highly contagious, and infects only midgut epithelial cells of balsam fir sawfly larvae, but infections can carry through to adult sawflies in the midgut. Larval infections are characterized by hypertrophy of midgut epithelial cell nuclei, where virogenic stromata develop to produce nucleocapsids that are singly enveloped before occlusion into occlusion bodies. Infected, occlusion body-laden cells slough from the midgut epithelium as a result of a dissolution of the basal lamina. Infected cells undergo lysis, and viral occlusion bodies exit affected larvae in a watery diarrhea to infect other balsam fir sawfly larvae. A budded virus stage was not observed, but nucleocapsid and occlusion body formation resembled the development of occlusion-derived virions and occlusion bodies in lepidopteran alphabaculoviruses.
Nonlinear dynamic inversion controller for a ducted-fan UAV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small ducted fan aerial unmanned aerial vehicles possess hover and vertical take-off and landing capabilities in addition to normal high speed flight. With autonomous flight control system these vehicles have several applications especially for mission in urban environment. This thesis is about developing a nonlinear flight control system for the GTSpy, a small ducted fan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to perform a vertical to horizontal transitional flight using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion technique(NDI). This vehicle takes off like a helicopter performs an 11 degree transition and moves forward performing a horizontal flight without any loss in altitude. A simulator model is constructed in MATLAB from a force and moment analysis of the GTSpy to perform the transition analysis. The advantages of having a nonlinear controller over the linear controller are also examined. The performance of the controller under crosswind disturbances is examined.
Student Data Management and School Decision Making in Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Student data management in schools seems to be ignored by educational planners in developing countries and needs to be addressed if effective planning is to be attained and the goal of quality education realized. Studies have revealed that educators fear data, and have poor record keeping cultures in institutions of learning which may account greatly to the inability of school principals to plan and administer schools without embarrassment from time to time. There is evidence from existing literature that better use of data is essential for improving student success. It is for this reason that this study attempted to investigate the influence of student data management on planning in secondary schools. The objective of the study was to identify the types of student data required for planning in schools. The study used descriptive survey design and was done in Kisii Central Sub-county, Kenya. The study focused on all the principals, teachers, and clerks in the 77 registered secondary schools in the area whose population was 706. Stratified random sampling, simple random sampling, and purposive sampling were used to obtain a representative sample of 243 respondents. The sample size for each target population was as follows: 37 Principals, 37 Guidance and Counseling teachers, 136 Class teachers, 37 Clerks and 3 Education officials. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Reliability of the instruments was tested using test-retest method while expert judgments were used to determine their validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data were presented using frequency tables, and percentages. The findings from the study revealed that schools principals and teachers were not fully conversant with their student data requirement for effective planning. The study concluded that student data management in schools was ineffective, and this affected planning. The study recommended that school principals and teachers should build strong data cultures and ensure comprehensive student data is collected, analyzed and used continuously throughout the school year to guide decision making. Student data management should be done using appropriate techniques by trained data teams, and problems affecting data management solved.
Relationship between spaces for citizen participation and decision-making by young people

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of the research is to determine the relationship between the spaces for citizen participation and the decision-making of young people in the development of the La Libertad Region; due to the need to show the difficulties faced by young people in the framework of generating opportunities through the Young Councilor Law No. 28869, which guarantees the insertion of young people under 29 years of age in the local government, as representative councilors of political parties, electoral alliances and regional political groupings. The sample is 69 young people among municipal councilors and councilors in the La Libertad Region, according to the Infogob of the National Elections Jury. Statistical procedures were used with the construction of tables and figures, application of the hypothesis test; techniques and instruments of quantitative research and testimonies that complement the data obtained. Young people indicate that the level is regular both in spaces for citizen participation (63,8%) and in decision-making (60,9%). It was concluded that there is a negative and significant relationship between spaces for citizen participation and decision-making (p <0.05).
Employees of Generation Y – Their Profile Based on Research Results

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

By 2025, representatives of Generation Y, the so-called Millennials, will have constituted 75% of the total workforce in the world. Numerous studies pertaining to the generation’s characteristics paint a picture of an exceptional generation, one which is troublesome to HR managers. Due to the emergence of several studies associated with Generation Y employees, frequently journalistic in nature, an attempt at the characterisation of the generation’s competence potential was made. The current paper presents results of self-reports of 634 Polish Generation Y employees.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two in‐feed chlortetracycline regimens provided to beef cattle

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plasma chlortetracycline (CTC) concentration data were subjected to Monte Carlo simulation of area under the concentration curve (AUC) values related to bovine respiratory disease pathogen MIC distributions to evaluate target attainment rates. Crossbred Hereford heifers were randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Treatment group (A) received chlortetracycline (CTC) at a target dose of 22 mg/kg of bodyweight daily for 5 consecutive days ( n = 8) and group (B) received CTC at 350 mg/head per day (1.5 ± 0.2 mg/kg based on actual bodyweights) for seven consecutive days ( n = 8). Non‐compartmental analysis was used to calculate plasma‐free drug CTC area under the concentration curves. The mean observed (±SD) free drug AUC values were 4.18 (±1.72) μg × h/mL and 0.30 (±0.06) μg × h/mL for treatment groups A and B, respectively. The probability of target attainment for AUC 24 /MIC values of 25 and 12.5 was modeled using Monte Carlo simulations. Treatment group A achieved >90% target attainment (AUC 24 /MIC of 25) at an MIC of 0.06 μg/mL, whereas treatment group B displayed only 12.6% target attainment (AUC 24 /MIC of 12.5) at the lowest MIC evaluated (0.015 μg/mL). Both in‐feed CTC regimens failed to obtain a reasonable target attainment rate in light of expected MIC distributions of potential pathogens.