jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Virtual Self-Motion Sensations Induced by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (accepted)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: The vestibular system provides a comprehensive estimate of self-motion in 3D space. Widely used to artificially stimulate the vestibular system, binaural-bipolar square-wave Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) elicits a virtual sensation of roll rotation. Postural responses to GVS have been clearly delineated, however quantifying the perceived virtual rotation vector has not been fully realised. Objective: We aimed to quantify the perceived virtual roll rotation vector elicited by GVS using a psychophysical approach on a 3D turntable. Methods: Participants were placed supine on the 3D turntable and rotated around the naso-occipital axis while supine and received square-wave bipolar-binaural GVS or sham stimulation. GVS amplitudes and intensities were systematically manipulated. The turntable motion profile consisted of a velocity step of 20°/s2 until the trial velocity between 0-20°/s was reached, followed by a 1°/s ramp until the end of the trial. In a psychophysical adaptive staircase procedure, we systematically varied the roll velocity to identify the exact velocity that cancelled the perceived roll sensation induced by GVS. Results: Participants perceived a virtual roll rotation towards the cathode of approximately 2o/s velocity for 1 mA GVS and 6o/s velocity for 2.5 mA GVS. The observed values were stable across repetitions. Conclusions: Our results quantify for the first time the perceived virtual roll rotations induced by binaural-bipolar square-wave GVS. Importantly, estimates were based on perceptual judgements, in the absence of motor or postural responses and in a head orientation where the GVS-induced roll sensation did not interact with the perceived direction of gravity. This is an important step towards applications of GVS in different settings, including sensory substitution or Virtual Reality.
Human Activity Recognition System Using Smartphone Data Sensors with Python and Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: This project depicts recognition Human activity Using data generated from user Smartphones Machine Learning repository to recognize six human activities. These activities are standing, sitting, laying, walking, upstair and walking, ddownstairs. Data is collected from embedded accelerometer, gyroscope and other sensor .Data is randomly divided into 7:3 ratios to From training and testing data set respectively. Activity Classification done using Machine Learning models Namely Random Forest. support vector machine, Neural Network and k-Nearest Neighbor. We have compared accuracy and performance of these model using confusion matrix and random simulation. Human Activity recognition(HAR) is classifying activity of person using responsive sensor that are affected from human movement. Both users and capabilities of smartphone With them. These facts makes HAR more important and Popular. This work focuses on recognition of Human activity using smartphone sensor different machine learning clssification approaches. Data retrieved from smartphones accelerometer and gyroscope sensor are classified On order to recognize human activity. Results of the approaches used compared in terms of efficiency and precision. Keywords: CNN, Accelerometer and gyroscope LSTM Model, Machine Learning, SVM etc
Does Cell Polarization Matter in Single-Ion Conducting Electrolytes?

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SIPE) are particularly promising electrolyte materials in lithium metal-based batteries since theoretical considerations suggest that the immobilization of anions avoids polarization phenomena at electrode|electrolyte interfaces. SIPE in principle could allow for fast charging while preventing cell failure induced by short circuits arising from the growth of inhomogeneous Li depositions provided that SIPE membranes possess sufficient mechanical stability. To date, different chemical structures are developed for SIPE, where new compounds are often reported through electrochemical characterization at low current rates. Experimental counterparts to model-based assumptions and determination of system limitations by correlating both models and experiments are rare in the literature. Herein, Chazalviel's model, which is derived from ion concentration gradients, is applied to theoretically determine the limiting current density (JLim) of a SIPE. Comparison with the experimentally obtained JLim reveals a large deviation between the theoretical and practical values. Beyond that, charge-discharge profiles show a distinct arcing behavior at moderate current densities (0.5 to 1 mA cm-2), indicating polarization of the cell, which is not so far reported for SIPE. In this context, by application of various electrochemical and physiochemical methods, the details of cell polarization and the role of the solid electrolyte interphase in producing arcing behavior in the voltage profiles in stripping/plating experiments are revealed, which eventually also elucidate the inconsistency of JLim.
IRREDUCIBLE UNITARY REPRESENTATIONS OF SUp,q I: THE DISCRETE SERIES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A class of irreducible unitary representations in the discrete series of SU p,q is explicitly determined in a space of holomorphic functions of three complex matrices. The discrete series, which is the set of all square integrable representations, corresponds to a compact subgroup of SU p,q . The relevant algebraic properties of the group SU p,q are discussed in detail. For a degenerate irreducible unitary representation an explicit construction of the infinitesimal generators of the Lie algebra [Formula: see text] in terms of differential operators is given.
Monetary remedies in equity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A Sourcebook on Equity and Trusts in Australia can be used as both a freestanding casebook and as a companion to the Equity and Trusts in Australia textbook. This casebook follows the structure of Equity and Trusts in Australia and provides a selection of primary legal materials together with accompanying commentary and discussion, covering the principal areas of equity and the law of trusts taught in Australian law schools. Cases have been carefully selected based on the needs of undergraduate law and Juris Doctor students approaching this subject for the first time. Case extracts give a clear account of the facts and issues considered by the court, and the detailed commentary is accompanied by problems and discussion questions to enhance student learning. Clearly written by authors with extensive experience in the field, A Sourcebook on Equity and Trusts in Australia encourages students to engage with the principles of equity and the law of trusts and to understand how they apply in the real world.
Sex and Gender in the Words and Communes of Osho (née Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Osho, formerly known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (abbreviated here as BSR in citations for works written when he still used that name), stands out as perhaps the most controversial of all Eastern gurus who have managed to attract a significant Western following. Often referred to as a "sex guru" or "the guru of the rich," Osho appears to epitomize the stereotypical guru often encountered in popular culture and decried by the anticult movement. Osho's positive understanding of sexuality, his unashamed display of material wealth—when living in the United States, he shocked his critics by claiming to own 93 Rolls Royces (Palmer 1988, 128)—coupled with repeated allegations of illegal activities, all came together to establish Osho as the archetypal "cult leader" to his detractors. However, as will be discussed in this chapter, Osho's teachings on sexuality are in fact not as controversial or irrational as they might have appeared to the eyes of his critics. On the contrary, Osho's teachings are not only consistent and coherent, but they are also reflective of the period in which they were formulated. Although some scholars have previously discussed Osho's teachings on sex, sexuality, gender, and women—most notably Hugh Urban, Elizabeth Puttick, and Marion Goldman—Osho's teachings on these subjects remain difficult to access since they are scattered throughout his published work.2 This chapter aims to provide a deeper understanding of Osho's teachings on sexuality by discussing a wide range of direct references to sex, sexuality, gender, and women culled from over 200 publications.KeywordsSexual AttitudeMystical ExperienceSociological AnalysisWoman EntrepreneurSpiritual LeaderThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Flip-GFDM Complexity Reduction for Power-Efficient Visible Light Communication System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Visible light communication (VLC) has occurred as a promising solution to the limitations of traditional radio frequency systems, leveraging LEDs for high-speed, interference-free data transmission. However, optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques such as Flip-OFDM face challenges like high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and spectral inefficiency. This study introduces a novel Flip-GFDM waveform, named NH-Flip-GFDM, designed to reduce complexity. By eliminating Hermitian symmetry and halving the IFFT/FFT size, the proposed approach achieves significant computational savings, with about a 50\% reduction in complexity. Simulation results reveal that NH-Flip-GFDM maintains comparable symbol error rate (SER) and bit error rate (BER) performance to traditional Flip-GFDM while reducing PAPR by approximately 2 dB over Flip-OFDM. These improvements position NH-Flip-GFDM as a power-efficient and cost-effective solution for next-generation VLC systems.
[Predictive medicine: an ethical challenge to medical practice].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Predictive genetic tests (predictive medicine) require procedures, norms and attitudes completely different from those used in the everyday clinical practice, as a consequence of some peculiarities of the genome as compared to the universe of biological structures or processes. Some aspects are considered in particular: the relationship between the physician and the potential user of a test and the inadequacy of a directive model based on the criterion of the "benefit for the health"; the requirements and limits of an autonomous choice in predictive testing; the complexities of the balance between social responsibility and individual autonomy for genetic disorders. On the basis of these considerations it is proposed that for predictive testing no one could know about a subject more than he/she wants to know and to tell, limiting the exceptions to well defined cases.
Evaluation of the Bruker Biotyper and Vitek MS Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Systems for Identification of Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Cultures from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Bruker Biotyper and Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) instruments were evaluated for the identification of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) by a blinded comparison to conventional biochemical or molecular methods. Two hundred NFGNB that were recovered from cultures from cystic fibrosis patients in the University of Iowa Health Care (UIHC) Microbiology Laboratory between 1 January 2006 and 31 October 2010 were sent to Mayo Clinic for analysis with the Bruker Biotyper (software version 3.0) and to bioMérieux for testing with Vitek MS (SARAMIS database version 3.62). If two attempts at direct colony testing failed to provide an acceptable MALDI-TOF identification, an extraction procedure was performed. The MS identifications from both of these systems were provided to UIHC for comparison to the biochemical or molecular identification that had been reported in the patient record. Isolates with discordant results were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at UIHC. After discrepancy testing, the Bruker Biotyper result agreed with the biochemical or molecular method, with 72.5% of isolates to the species level, 5.5% to the complex level, and 19% to the genus level (3% not identified). The level of agreement for Vitek MS was 80% species, 3.5% complex, 6% genus, and 3.5% family (7% not identified). Both MS systems provided rapid (≤3 min per isolate) and reliable identifications. The agreement of combined species/complex/genus-level identification with the reference method was higher for the Bruker Biotyper (97% versus 89.5%, P = 0.004) but required an extraction step more often. Species-level agreement with the reference method was similar for both MS systems (72.5% and 80%, P = 0.099).
Pharmacokinetic and mass balance characterization of [ 14 C] RAY1216, a SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitor, in healthy Chinese male subjects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background RAY1216 is an alpha-ketoamide-based peptide inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) major protease (M pro ). This study evaluated the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [ 14 C]-labelled RAY1216 by oral administration. Research design and methods This phase Ι study was designed to assess the pharmacokinetics, mass balance and metabolic pathways in 6 healthy Chinese adult men after a single fasting oral administration of 240 mL (containing 400 mg/100 μCi) [ 14 C] RAY1216. Results RAY1216 absorbed rapidly in the plasma, with a C max of 1796.83 ng/mL, t max of 1.42 h and t 1/2 of 5.97 h. RAY1216 is mainly excreted through feces and a small amount through urine, indicating that the excretion of RAY1216 occurs through the fecal route, within 96 h after administration, the majority (>90%) of the radioactive substances were excreted 104.17% of the metabolites were identified in urine and fecal samples. The radioactive transformation pathways suggest that RAY1216 has multiple metabolic pathways, including Oxidation-dealkylation, Mono-oxidation, Hydrolysis, and Urea binding. There were no reports of death, serious adverse events (SAEs), or withdrawals related to SAEs. Conclusion The overall recovery rate data of radioactive substances in the excreta of all 6 subjects indicate that favourable mass balance recovery. The overall safety profile is favourable, and it demonstrates promising potential in mitigating both the duration and severity of COVID-19, and the comprehensive clinical safety and therapeutic effect are significantly superior to those of similar COVID-19 treatment drugs. RAY1216 can be referred to and further verified for the Phase II and Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19.
Influence of DNA sequence on the formation of non-B right-handed helices in oligopurine.oligopyrimidine inserts in plasmids.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A systematic study was conducted on seven recombinant plasmids harboring synthetic inserts which had all purines on one strand and all pyrimidines on the complementary strand (Pur.Pyr). The inserts ranged in G+C content from 100% [G19.C19] to 0% [A20.T20] with intermediate contents at 66% [(TCC)8.(GGA)8], 50% [(CT)12.(AG)12 and (TTCC)6.(GGAA)6], 33% [(TTC)8.(GAA)8], and 25% [(GAAA)6.(TTTC)6]. The specific reactions at the base pair level of these inserts with enzymatic (S1 and P1 nucleases) and chemical (bromoacetaldehyde, OsO4, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and dimethyl sulfate) probes were evaluated as influenced by pH, negative supercoiling, and ionic strength (NaCl). Supercoil-induced relaxation studies using two-dimensional gels also provided important conformational information. We conclude that the five inserts with 66-25% G+C adopt a non-B right-handed conformation which is stabilized by negative supercoiling. Low pH (pH values 4.5-5.0) tends to stabilize this structure but is not essential for its formation. Surprisingly, an end bias of reactivity from the center toward the 5'-end of the purine strand of these inserts was generally found for the enzymatic and chemical probes which was irrespective of the orientation of the insert in the pRW790 vector. An intramolecular triple-stranded model for the unusual structure of the insert accounts most favorably for these observations. Unexpectedly, the A20.T20 insert seems to remain in an orthodox right-handed B-conformation under all conditions tested. The G19.C19 insert does adopt a non-B right-handed structure as for the five inserts with 66-25% G+C, but the pattern of reactivities and hence its conformation is different.
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara. Hosts: Bean ( Phaseolus spp.), cowpea ( Vigna ). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegeal, south Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Sarawak, Nepal, Oman, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, Armenia, Siberia, Lavrov, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Austria, Britain & Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Antilles, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.
River Sediment Database-Amazon (RivSed-Amazon)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The River Sediment Database-Amazon (RivSed-Amazon) database contains surface suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) derived from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 Level 1 Collection 1 surface reflectance from all rivers in the Amazon River Basin that are ~60 meters wide or greater. SSC represent spatially integrated "reach" median concentrations over the footprint of SWOT River Database (SWORD, Altenau et al., 2021) centerlines (median reach length = 10 km) where high quality river water pixels were detected within each Landsat image from 1984-2018. The methods used to produce this database were initially developed in the following publications: Gardner, J., Pavelsky, T. M., Topp, S., Yang, X., Ross, M. R., & Cohen, S. (2023). Human activities change suspended sediment concentration along rivers. Environmental Research Letters. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acd8d8 and Gardner et al. (2020). The color of rivers. Geophysical Research Letters. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020GL088946 The publication associated with RivSed-Amazon is in review. Files: 1) Metadata (rivSed_Amazon_metadata_v1.01.pdf): Description key data files associated with this repository. 2) RiverSed (RiverSed_Amazon_v1.1.txt). Table of SSC and associated data that is joinable to SWORD based on the ""reach_id". 3) Shapefile of river centerlines over South America to which the reflectance data can be attached (SWORD_SA.shp). 4) Shapefile of the reach polygons associated with SWORD_SA over the Amazon Basin. (reach_polygons_amazon.shp). 5) SSC-Landsat matchup database with extended metadata on locations and in-situ data (train_full_v1.1.csv). 6) The final training data used to build the xgboost machine learning model (train_v1.1.csv). 7) The xgboost model that can make SSC predictions over inland waters in USA using Landsat bands/band combinations (tssAmazon_model_v1.1.rds and .rda). The model can only be loaded and used in R at this time. 8) The correction coefficients applied to Landsat 5 and 8 to harmonized surface reflectance across Landsat 5,7,8 and over all bands to enable time series analysis.
Review for "Early Triassic microconchids from the Perth Basin, Western Australia: Palaeoecology and flourishing in the aftermath of the end‐Permian mass extinction"

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

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Development of an antifungal liquid soap for gynecological use from extract of the leaves of Astronium urundeuva (aroeira-do-sertão)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aroeira-do-sertão [Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl.] is a plant with medicinal properties useful in the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Thus, the objective was to develop gynecological liquid soap with antifungal action from fluid extract of aroeira-do-sertão (EFA). The leaves of the adult tree were collected and processed, and the plant drug was characterized. To obtain the EFA, maceration was used followed by percolation with a hydroalcoholic solution (60%), with phytochemical identification and measurement of active markers, polyphenols (TP) and total tannins (TT). The antifungal action of EFA against Candida strains was also evaluated using the agar diffusion technique and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined. The liquid soap from aroeira-do-sertão (SLS) was evaluated for its quality and antifungal action, being compared to the results of a commercial intimate soap containing aroeira-da-praia extract (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi – PLS). An EFA of adequate quality was obtained, with a TP content equal to 189.08 (±0.0306) mg EAG/g of EFA, of which only 9.43% corresponds to TT. EFA proved to be effective against C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and C. tropicalis ATCC 13803, with MLC of 0.5% (w/v). SLS with 2.5% w/v EFA showed appropriate quality and antifungal effect similar to that found for EFA, while PLS exhibited lower antifungal activity due to its composition.Therefore, the formulated intimate liquid soap demonstrated relevant antifungal activity, confirming its potential as an alternative for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Kinetic properties of galactose oxidase from Gibberella fujikuroi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The kinetic properties of galactose oxidase of Gibberella fujikuroi were investigated. The enzyme oxidized D-galactose, 2-substituted D-galactoses, 2-epimer D-talose, and D-galactosecontaining oligosaccharides, but not other saccharides. The enzyme was highly specific for molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. The enzymegave a nonlinear Lineweaver-Burk plot when the oxidation rate at a variety of galactose concentrations was investigated. The data were well explained by the assumption that the enzyme has two binding sites for galactose. K1 and K2, which are the dissociation constants for the first and second bindings of galactose to the enzyme, were calculated to be 1.3mM and 42mM, respectively. The 'enzyme was mixedly inhibited by dgalacturonic acid.