jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Challenges of Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Inpatient Neurology: A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder transmitted through the Ixodes tick and is most commonly diagnosed in northeastern and mid-Atlantic states, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, though its disease borders are expanding in the setting of climate change. Approximately 10%–15% of untreated Lyme disease cases will develop neurologic manifestations of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Due to varying presentations, LNB presents diagnostic challenges and is associated with a delay to treatment. We discuss three cases of LNB admitted to our referral center in a traditionally low-incidence state to highlight clinical pearls in LNB diagnosis. Three patients from low-incidence areas with prior diagnostic evaluations presented in August with neurologic manifestations of radiculoneuritis, cranial neuropathies, and/or lymphocytic meningitis. MRI findings included cranial nerve, nerve root, and leptomeningeal enhancement leading to broad differential diagnoses. Lumbar puncture demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis (range 85-753 cells/uL) and elevated protein (87-318 mg/dL). Each patient tested positive for Lyme on two-tiered serum testing and was diagnosed with LNB. All three cases were associated with a delay to health care presentation (mean 20 days) and a delay to diagnosis and treatment (mean 54 days) due to under-recognition and ongoing evaluation. With the geographic expansion of Lyme disease, increasing awareness of LNB manifestations and acquiring detailed travel histories in low-incidence areas is crucial to prompt delivery of care. Clinicians should be aware of two-tiered serum diagnostic requirements and use adjunctive studies such as lumbar puncture and MRI to eliminate other diagnoses. Treatment with an appropriate course of antibiotics leads to robust improvement in neurological symptoms.
Glucose-galactose malabsorption.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary disaccharidase deficiency is a well-known cause of diarrhoea in infancy.The offending disaccharide appears in the stool after ingestion due to the absence in the intestinal mucosa of the appro- priate splitting enzyme.A much rarer cause of diarrhoea in this period is a failure of absorption of the monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, in the presence of histologically normal mucosa and full disaccharidase activity.The clinical and biochemical picture of this newly-described entity is characteristic.Watery diarrhoea, with glucose and/or galactose in the stools, develops within three days of milk feeding and continues as long as the feeds contain these monosaccharides or any carbo- hydrate composed ofthem.Carbohydrate tolerance studies show that the patient can absorb fructose well, and diarrhoea stops with subsequent thriving when this monosaccharide is substituted for other carbohydrates in the feeds.A total of 13 cases has so far been reported from various parts of the world (Laplane, Polonovski, Etienne, DeBray, Lods, and Pissarro,
An automated identification of animal species using image processing techniques and convolutional neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The natural habitat of India is under stress because of the problems faced by the human development like over populace, pollutants, forest fragmentation and so on. The understanding of forest environment, identification of numerous animal species, quantifying the animal species and studying the behaviour of animal species are the significant areas to save the natural animal species. The manual process of identification of animals is a time-ingesting challenge and complicated in nature because of time obstacle and availability of suitable human beings. In this work, an automated identification of animal species is proposed under two phases using image processing techniques and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based approaches, respectively. The CNN approach can classify the images of the target species and the image processing techniques in terms of pre-processing and feature extraction to successfully achieve the goals. The first phase is implemented using image pre-processing, RGB image to grey conversion, binary conversion, feature extraction and feature reduction. The second phase has the design of CNN, training CNN and testing CNN. The CNN is supplied with the extracted features and targeted animal species are identified with a classification accuracy of 90%.
Design of quantitative feedback theory non-diagonal controllers for use in uncertain multiple-input multiple-output systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fully populated matrix controller allows a designer considerably more design flexibility to govern multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processes than the classic diagonal controller structure. A methodology is presented to extend the classic diagonal quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller design for MIMO plants with model uncertainty to a fully populated matrix controller design. Three cases are considered: (i) reference tracking; (ii) external disturbance rejection at the plant input; and (iii) external disturbance rejection at the plant output. The role played by the non-diagonal controller elements is analysed in order to state a fully populated matrix controller design methodology for QFT. Three coupling matrices and a quality function of the non-diagonal elements are defined and then used to quantify the amount of loop interaction and to design the non-diagonal controllers respectively. This yields a criterion that allows the proposal of a sequential design methodology for the fully populated matrix controller, in the QFT robust control frame. As a consequence the diagonal elements of the proposed non-diagonal method need less bandwidth than the diagonal elements of currently existing diagonal methods. The technique is verified by using the designed controller to control a SCARA robot manipulator.
Round Robins of Solar Cells to Evaluate Measurement Systems of Different European Research Institutes

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Determination of the solar cell efficiency and internal quantum efficiency are standard characterization methods used by the majority of research institutes. Random errors can be assessed by institutes themselves by repeated measurements, but systematic deviations cannot be assessed without comparisons with other institutes. The comparisons were performed for illuminated IV, spectral response and reflection measurements. The results were split into systematic differences between the partners and random differences within an institute for a single measurement session. The total differences are: Jsc: 0.27 A, Voc: 8.5 mV, FF: 2.4 %, : 0.6%, spectral response: 0.14 A/W and reflection: 0.08. For all measurement methods, the systematic differences exceeded the random differences. The major component for the systematic differences is likely the reference device, but also temperature control, contacting scheme and setup differences play a part.
What is the Baryon Density, Anyway?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To continue… we had been discussing the baryon content of the universe, and the missing baryon problem. The problem exists because of a mismatch between the census of baryons locally and the density of baryons estimated from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). How well do we know the latter? Either extremely well, or&nbsp;perhaps not so well, depending on which data we query. At the outset let me say I do not doubt the basic BBN&nbsp;picture.
Gaussian Formalism: Joint Measurement for Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation for Errors by Squeezed Coherent States

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We point out that the Gaussian wave-packet formalism can serve as a concrete realization of the joint measurement of position and momentum, which is an essential element in understanding Heisenberg's original philosophy of the uncertainty principle, in line with the universal framework of error, disturbance, and their uncertainty relations developed by Lee and Tsutsui. We show that our joint measurement in the Gaussian phase space, being a Positive-Operator-Valued-Measure (POVM) measurement, smoothly interpolates between the projective measurements of position and momentum. We, for the first time, have obtained the Lee-Tsutsui (LT) error and the refined Lee error for the position-momentum measurement. We find that the LT uncertainty relation becomes trivial, 0 = 0, in the limiting case of projective measurement of either position or momentum. Remarkably, in contrast to the LT relation, the refined Lee uncertainty relation, which assesses errors for local representability, provides a constant lower bound unaffected by these limits and is invariably saturated, for a pure Gaussian initial state. The obtained lower bound is in agreement with Heisenberg's value.
Pseudostenosis of Axillary Vein Due to Adduction of the Upper Limb

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Axillary vein stenosis is a well-documented complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but in adipose or athletic subjects, pseudostenosis of the axillary vein can be detected. We report a case of pseudostenosis in a fit dialysis patient who underwent phlebography of the right upper limb, performed to create a new vascular access (VA). The investigation demonstrated that the axillary vein appeared sharpened with a reduced lumen. Based on this exam, angioplasty of the right axillary vein was planned. The new phlebographic study, performed abducting the arm, demonstrated that the previously marked stenosis of the axillary vein disappeared. Our case illustrates how the reduction of the axillary vein lumen was secondary to “muscular print” and was present only if the arm was adducted. In uremic patients, the squeezing of the vascular nervous bundle of the upper limb is possible in fit patients at the time of phlebography, an examination that should be performed with the arm both in adduction and abduction.
Improved Microaneurysm Detection using Deep Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we propose a novel microaneurysm (MA) detection for early diabetic retinopathy screening using color fundus images. Since MA usually the first lesions to appear as an indicator of diabetic retinopathy, accurate detection of MA is necessary for treatment. Each pixel of the image is classified as either MA or non-MA using a deep neural network with dropout training procedure using maxout activation function. No preprocessing step or manual feature extraction is required. Substantial improvements over standard MA detection method based on the pipeline of preprocessing, feature extraction, classification followed by post processing is achieved. The presented method is evaluated in publicly available Retinopathy Online Challenge (ROC) and Diaretdb1v2 database and achieved state-of-the-art accuracy.
P1–249: KIF6 719Arg carrier status association with homocysteine and C‐reactive protein in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent research has demonstrated associations between statin use, KIF6 719Arg carrier status, and cholesterol levels and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The association between 719Arg carrier status with homocysteine (tHcy) and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels in MCI and AD has not been previously investigated. This relationship is of interest given the established associations between MCI/AD, tHcy, and CRP levels. Data from 160 MCI and AD patients with an average age of 77.76 ± 8.15 years were used for the analysis. The sample was comprised of 78 females and 82 males. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess group differences for 719Arg carrier status on tHcy and CRP levels. The association between 719Arg carrier status with tHcy and CRP was analyzed using logistic regression, which adjusted for ApoE ε4 carrier status. For these analyses, tHcy and CRP levels for the study sample were dichotomized into elevated and non-elevated groups using recommended clinical guidelines. 719 Arg carriers (13.72 ± 14.70 μ mol/L) had significantly lower levels of tHcy than non-carriers (15.12 ± 3.96 μ mol/L), (p = 0.008). No difference in CRP levels between 719 Arg carriers (4.92 ± 9.83 mg/L) and non-carriers (4.24 ± 9.31 mg/L) was found (p = 0.38). Logistic regression yielded no significant effect for 719 Arg status on CRP [OR = 1.30 (0.64, 2.67), p = 0.47], but did demonstrate a significant effect for tHcy [OR = 0.43 (0.17, 0.65), p = 0.001]. Additional analysis of 719 Arg and ApoE ε4 carrier status interaction also yielded a significant effect for tHcy [OR = 0.44 (0.23, 0.87), p = 0.02]. tHcy was not significantly associated with ApoE ε 4 carrier status [OR = 0.59 (0.52, 1.80), p = 0.92] This study is the first to explore the relationship between KIF6 719 Arg carrier status and tHcy and CRP levels. 719 Arg carriers were more likely to have normal tHcy levels after adjusting for ApoE ε 4 status. Individuals who were carriers of both the 719 Arg and ApoE ε 4 alleles were more likely to have normal tHcy levels. These results suggest that the KIF6 719 Arg allele might influence cardiovascular pathways that are involved in AD pathogenesis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol attenuates the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study we investigated the effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol on cardiac dysfunction, oxidative‐nitrosative stress, apoptosis, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, and fibrosis associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. Diabetes was characterized by increased myocardial, liver and serum XO activity, increased myocardial ROS generation, p22phox, p40phox, p47phox, p91phox mRNA expression, iNOS expression, NT generation, caspase 3/7 and PARP activity/expression, chromatin fragmentation and fibrosis, and declined systolic and diastolic myocardial performance. Allopurinol attenuated the diabetes‐induced increased myocardial, liver and serum XO activities, myocardial ROS, NT generation, iNOS expression, apoptosis, PARP activity and fibrosis, which were accompanied by improved systolic and diastolic performance of the hearts of treated diabetic animals. Thus, XO inhibition with allopurinol improves type I diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction by decreasing oxidative/nitrosative stress and fibrosis, which may have important clinical implications for the treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular dysfunction.
Comparison of Classification System and Lexical Items of Bonchogangmok(『本草綱目』) and Jaemulbo(『才物譜』)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 연구는 『본초강목』(16세기 후반)과 『재물보』1798)의 어휘 항목과 배열 순서를 비교 · 검토하여 한국의 물명서에 수록된 어휘들의 성격을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 『재물보』는 현전 물명서 중 가장 연대가 앞서는 필사본으로, 그동안 물명서와 『본초강목』과의 관련성이 언급되어 왔지만, 구체적인 논의는 이루어지지 못했다. 여기서는 특히 『본초강목』의 ‘禽部’와 『재물보』의 ‘羽蟲譜’에 해당하는 어휘를 대상으로 두 문헌의 분류체계, 배열 순서, 어휘 항목을 비교하고, 공통점과 차이점을 실증적으로 밝혀 이를 통해 18세기 한중 양국의 어휘에 대한 인식을 살펴보았다. 이 과정에서 새의 명칭에 관한 어휘장을 현대와 비교 · 검토하였다. 백과사전식 본초서인 『본초강목』은 약재로서의 효능과 연결될 수 있도록 실제 조류의 특성에 기반한 분류를 채택했으며, 한자어 분류어휘집인 『재물보』는 혼란스러운 여러 한자어 명칭의 뜻을 잘 파악하고 실제 조류나 우리말과 연결지어 체계적으로 정리하기 위한 분류를 채택하였다. 또한 『재물보』의 분류체계나 배열순서는 당시 보편적 지식인 『본초강목』에 기반하고는 있지만, 우리의 명칭과 인식을 반영하여 조정되었다. 한편, 『본초강목』 ‘금부’는 76개의 어휘 항목으로, 『재물보』의 ‘우충보’는 93개의 어휘 항목으로 구성되어 있는데, 두 문헌의 어휘 항목이 공통적으로 나타나는 것은 57개이다. 『본초강목』에만 있는 어휘 항목은 중국 전설이나 이야기에 등장하는 새가 많고, 『재물보』에만 있는 것이나 표제항이 변경된 것은 중국과는 다른 우리의 명칭을 우리나라 실정과 인식에 맞게 어휘 항목을 수정 · 보완한 것이다.
Riparian Zones Evaluation: Remote Sensing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter compared evaluation results of riparian condition between remote sensing observations and field measurements using the independent-samples t-test and hydrological modeling coefficient of Nashe and Sutcliffe, and then discriminated the variation and clusters of PSI values using the spatial statistics to identify the vulnerability and stability of the riparian zones in each measurement section. Analysis of land-use patterns of riparian zone in the cold and hot spots found that land-use patterns had an important effect on the riparian condition. The buildup and farmland areas had been the main human disturbances to the riparian condition, which were increased from 1976 to 2013. The low-low clusters (low PSI values with low neighbors) of PSI values can be implemented to identify the vulnerability of the riparian zone.
China and Europe as Geo(bio)graphical/Auto(geo)biographical Spaces: Croatian Experiences of the Interwar Period

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

China and Europe as Geo(bio)graphical/Auto(geo)biographical Spaces: Croatian Experiences of the Interwar Period The subject of this article is two Croatian travel accounts created in the interwar period, featuring an encounter between Europe and China. In the text Izlet u Rusiju: U Drezdenu (Mister Vu–San–Pej zanima se za srpsko–hrvatsko pitanje) (1924), Miroslav Krleža creates a narrator who tries to explain to a Chinese the intricacies of European (especially South Slavic) identification and territorial issues. As a result, an opportunity availed itself to chal­lenge the Eurocentric view of the world and to present first-class self-criticism. In his accounts entitled Na Dalekom Istoku – uspomene našega dobrovoljca iz Sibirije, Mandžurije, Mongolije i Kine (1931), Hrvoje Grgurić introduces the reader to the mysteries of the Chinese cultural landscape. In both texts, the auto-geo-biographical experience of space is (and remains) a clash with mystery and incomprehensible otherness. Chiny i Europa jako przestrzenie geo(bio)graficzne/auto(geo)biograficzne. Chorwackie międzywojenne doświadczenia Przedmiotem zainteresowania autorki są dwie chorwackie relacje z podróży powstałe w okresie międzywojennym, w których dochodzi do spotkania europejsko-chińskiego. W tekście Izlet u Rusiju: U Drezdenu (Mister Vu-San-Pej zanima se za srpsko-hrvatsko pitanje) (1924) Miroslav Krleža kreuje narratora usiłującego Chińczykowi rozsupłać sieć europejskich (zwłaszcza południowosłowiańskich) identyfikacyjno-terytorialnych zawiłości, co staje się okazją do podważenia europocentrycznego spojrzenia na świat i zaprezentowania mistrzowskiego autokrytycyzmu. Hrvoje Grgurić w relacji Na Dalekom Istoku – uspomene našega dobrovoljca iz Sibirije, Mandžurije, Mongolije i Kine (1931) wprowadza w tajniki kulturowego krajobrazu Chin. W obu tekstach autogeobiograficzne doświadczenie przestrzeni jest (i pozostaje) zde­rzeniem z tajemnicą i niepojętą odmiennością.
Adverse Effects and Fatalities Associated with Allergen Skin Testing and Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most local and systemic reactions, which develop during subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT), occur within 20–30 minutes of injection but can occur later than 30 minutes. The incidence of adverse reactions during SCIT reported in retrospective and prospective studies has varied considerably, depending on several factors, including the type of allergen vaccine preparation, the patients selected, route of administration, and treatment schedule used, with or without pretreatment and/or preventive procedures. Other allergen molecules and techniques of allergen immunotherapy have also been explored to decrease the potential for adverse reactions and to increase efficacy. The four basic DNA-based immunotherapy modalities used include immunization with gene vaccines, allergen mixed with immunostimulating oligodeoxynucleotides (ISS-ODN), and physical allergen–ISS-ODN conjugates, as well as immunomodulation with ISS-ODN alone. No allergen vaccine can be considered completely safe for a given patient allergic to that vaccine.
A New Five - Parameter Lifetime Model: Theory and Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we defined a new lifetime model called the the Exponentiated additive Weibull (EAW) distribution. The proposed distribution has a number of well-known lifetime distributions as special sub-models, such as the additive Weibull, exponentiated modified Weibull, exponentiated Weibull and generalized linear failure rate distributions among others. We obtain quantile, moments, moment generating functions, incomplete moment, residual life and reversed Failure Rate Functions, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. Applications illustrate the potentiality of the proposed distribution.
Small-area low-power heart condition monitoring system using dual-mode SAR-ADC for low-cost wearable healthcare systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Heart rate monitoring is useful to detect many cardiovascular diseases. It can be implemented in a small device with low power consumption, and it can exploit low-cost piezoelectric pressure sensors to measure heart rate. However, it is also desirable to transmit heartbeat waveform for emergency treatment, which significantly increases transmission power. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, a low-cost wireless heart condition monitoring SoC is proposed. It can monitor and transmit both heart rate and heartbeat waveform, but the hardware is extremely simplified to achieve in a small package. METHODS: By slight modification of successive-approximation analog-digital converter, it can count heart rate and read out heartbeat waveform with the same hardware. In the normal mode, only an 8-bit heart rate is transmitted for power reduction. If the heart rate is out of a given range, it goes to the emergency mode and a 10-bit heartbeat waveform is transmitted for fast treatment. RESULTS: The fabricated chip size is 1.1 mm 2 in 0.11 μ m CMOS technology, including the radio-frequency transmitter. The measured power consumption is 161.8 μ W in normal mode and 507.3 μ W in emergency mode, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed SoC achieves low-cost, small area, and low-power. It is useful as part of a disposable healthcare system.
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease and Pheochromocytoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—Dr Neumann and colleagues1describe the importance of genetic testing in disease kindreds. We agree with the authors' findings, but feel further explanation would be helpful. The authors describe two von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) families that were clinically thought to have multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II (MEN-II). It has also been our experience that a small number of VHL mutations predispose to pheochromocytoma, with few other, if any, manifestations of VHL. We have seen nine individuals from three of 80 VHL families, whose sole manifestation of VHL was pheochromocytoma, similar to previous reports.2 We also have seen two families in whom the occurrence of pheochromocytoma was frequent, and who were followed clinically as MEN-II families. Closer evaluation of these families revealed some findings compatible with VHL disease. One family was kindred 4942, in which among at-risk patients in three generations, six members had pheochromocytoma and one