jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of Human PDGFRβ Promoter in Different Human Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In order to determine the basal expression and transcription activites of PDGFRβ promoter in two kinds of breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.The basal expression of PDGFRβ in MDA-MB-231 was identified by Western blot and Real-time PCR.Five deletion mutations of human PDGFR-β promoter region were obtained by PCR from human genomic DNA and then cloned into pGL3-basic vector based on Dual-Luciferase reporter system.Two human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were transfected by the recombinant reporters.Electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA) was used to determine the DNA binding activities of transcription factors.As a result,the region(+539bp,+1457bp) showed a positive regulatory role,while the(+54bp,+539bp)was negative.The(-983bp,+54bp)was found to play a significant positive role in MDA-MB-231 whereas there was no effect in MCF-7.The transcription factor AP-1 was observed to highly express in MDA-MB-231 comparing with MCF-7.AP-1 was identified to bind the PDGFRβ promoter region and its binding was higher in MDA-MB-231 than in MCF-7.The fact demonstrate that basal expression and transcription activities of PDGFRβ promoter were different in two types of breast cancer cell and AP-1 played an important role in regulatory of PDGFRβ promoter in breast cancer cells.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ENGINEERING (SDE)? PERSPECTIVES FROM A PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING EDUCATION: M.SC. IN SDE AT AALBORG UNIVERSITY COPENHAGEN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sustainable Design Engineering (SDE) is an emerging research field and the development of programmes aiming at educating sustainable design engineers is very limited. One example is the SDE program at the Aalborg University in Copenhagen, which is based on a Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. In this article we aim to address the following three research questions: i) why Sustainable Design Engineering? ii) what is Sustainable Design Engineering? iii) How can Sustainable Design Engineering be implemented? By means of two examples from master thesis projects in the building and food sectors.
Cellular Localization of Chorionic Gonadotropin in Human Fetal Kidney and Liver*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Earlier, we reported that second trimester human fetal kidney and, to a much lesser extent, human fetal liver were capable of synthesizing and secreting the beta-subunit of hCG. Recently, we also have shown that these tissues, likewise, synthesize and secrete the alpha-subunit of hCG. The hCG produced is biologically active. To determine the cellular localization of these peptides, immunocytochemical studies were performed on human fetal tissues using antibodies against beta hCG, alpha hCG, and the intact hormone. Placental syncytiotrophoblast served as an immunopositive control. In the human fetal kidney, the ascending (thick) limb of the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and occasional cells in the collecting ducts were distinctly immunopositive for both beta hCG and the alpha-subunit. Small amounts of light positive staining occurred in only a few hepatocytes. Placental syncytiotrophoblast was routinely positive for both subunits, but fetal lung and striated muscle were negative. These immunocytochemical results indicate that immunoreactive beta hCG as well as the alpha-subunit are present in placental syncytiotrophoblast, in the distal renal nephron, and in a limited population of hepatocytes. The qualitative number and intensity of immunopositive cells closely correlate with the quantitative amounts of their hCG subunit synthesis. Taken together with our previous biosynthetic data, the immunocytochemical localization reported here indicates the probable cellular sites of alpha- and beta hCG synthesis in these tissues. The presence of comparable alpha- and beta-subunit staining in identical cell populations suggests that both hCG subunits and, therefore, perhaps intact hCG are produced at these same cellular sites during fetal life.
Leptospirosis: An Emerging Infectious Disease in Nepal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of Leptospira spp in Japanese Encephalitis negative cases, as well as its demographic and geographical picture in Nepal. Methods: The Nepal government along with World Health Organization (WHO) country office Nepal had approved this surveillance project, which conducted from 2007 to 2008 throughout 47 districts in Nepal. JE was confirmed from Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using ELIZA Method whereas Leptospiraspp was identified by using Latex Agglutination Test kit method in Nepal Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: Among 2690 Acute Encephalitis Surveillance, the lumber puncture (LP) was done in 2145 patients. Among those tested, JE positive was confirmed in 771 patients. LP was not done in 381 cases. Among 993 JE negative cases, positivity rate of Leptospira spp was reported 41.8% (416/993) . There was more male preponderance 63.5% (264/416) However, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.713) . In terms of age distribution, those above 15 years of age were 64.5% (268/416) while those below 15 years of age were 35.5% (148/416), (p = 0) In eco- region, the rate of infection was highest in Terai region at 53.2% (222/416) followed by Mountain region at 45.2% (188/416) and Himalayan at 1.4% (6/416), (p = 0.005) In terms of seasonal distribution, the rate of infection in autumn was at 44.2% (188/416) followed by summer at 40.1% (167/416), spring at 9.6% (40/416) and winter at 6.1% (25/416) (p = 0) Conclusions: Nepal government cannot neglect the increasing possibility of outbreaks of Leptospira spp in different parts of the country, so this study recommends for surveillance of this infection to prevent future outbreaks in Nepal
Design of Digital Low Pass IIR Filter using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design method for Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) digital filter with the use of Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RGA/RCGA).Generally, nonlinear and multimodal error surface is observed in case of digital IIR filter.Hence, to avoid problems such as local minima, global optimization techniques are required.This paper gives effective method to design digital IIR filters.This paper finds the optimum coefficients of IIR digital filter by using RGA.RGA works on real numbers and is a powerful global optimization algorithm.To obtain minimum transition band, this designing of low pass IIR digital filter is proposed.It is observed that the calculated values are more optimal than those which are obtained by FDA tool available for design of filter in MATLAB.The improved mean-square-error (MSE) is observed in simulation results for example taken.
"It's about just staying focused" : how African American gay and bisexual men persist at a predominately white institution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

African American males graduate from college at lower rates than their African American female and White male classmates.This qualitative study sought to explore the strategies that African American gay and bisexual men used to successfully persist at a predominately White university in the face of racism and heterosexism.Seven domains emerged (factors that influenced the decision to attend, identity development, experiences of racial and sexual orientation prejudice, additional factors that make persistence difficult, attitudinal factors that influence persistence, and the role of community and university resources in persistence) from the data, and the results articulate the key attitudes, actions, and resources upon which these men drew to successfully complete their undergraduate study.Implications for mental health and student affairs professionals are discussed.
Teenage Pregnancy in India: Addressing Ethical Dilemmas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Teenage pregnancy remains a significant public health and social concern in India. This article examines the prevalence, contributing factors, and consequences of teenage pregnancy in India and explores the important ethical dilemma associated in context of pregnancy care in public health program and teenage pregnancy. Key factors for the teenage pregnancy include early marriage, lack of education, poverty, limited contraceptive use, and cultural norms. Teenage pregnancies are associated with higher maternal and infant mortality, pregnancy complications, and poor socioeconomic outcomes. While national programs address maternal health broadly, there is a lack of targeted interventions for teenage pregnancies, creating an ethical dilemma where this vulnerable group is left exposed to adverse events and outcomes. Additionally, teenagers under 18 are often excluded from key support programs, like conditional cash transfers, leaving them without essential resources. This article highlights the need for comprehensive strategies, including improved adolescent sexual education, behavior change communication, and specific support programs for pregnant teenagers. Addressing teenage pregnancy requires a multifaceted approach targeting social determinants, healthcare access, and cultural attitudes.
TheSynthesis andDecayofHistone Fractions andofDeoxyribonucleic AcidintheDeveloping AvianBrain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1.Theturnover ofcerebral histones andDNA after injection of[4,5-3H]leucine or [methyl-3_3H]thymidine, respectively, was studied inthedeveloping chick. 2.Chromatin was prepared fromchick nuclei thathadbeenpurified bycentrifugationthrough 1.9M-sucrose. 3.Nuclear proteins were fractionated intothree major histone classes, Fl (lysine-rich), F2(b)(slightly lysine-rich) and[F3+F2(a)] (arginine-rich), andanon-histone protein residue. 4.Theproportions ofthehistone classes remained constant throughout theperiod ofdevelopment studied. 5.All histone fractions decayed atasimilar rate, initially withahalf-life ofaround 5 days, later withahalf-life of19days.6.Non-histone proteins fromchromatin decayed in a heterogeneous manner witha widerange ofhalf-lives. 7.Short-term labelling studies showedthatallhistone fractions were synthesized atthesame rate.8.Some non-histone proteins were very rapidly synthesized relative tohistones. 9.DNA hada longer half-life thanany histone fraction studied. A biphasic exponential decay curvewithhalf-lives of23and50dayswas found.10.Itwas concluded that theturnover ofhistones can occurindependently ofthatofDNA andthatdifferent histone classes havesimilar ratesofsynthesis anddecay.
Functional characteristics of the gene promoters of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-b and IL-10 in B lymphocyte cell models

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

B cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as autoimmune disorders, cancers, and infections. Unlike regulatory T cells, the anti-inflammatory capabilities of B cells have only recently garnered attention. Cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β are among the key secreted immunosuppressive factors, therefore studying the characteristics of their transcriptional regulation in B cells appears to be a relevant task. This study focuses on characterizing the promoter regions of IL10 and TGFB1 genes in immortalized B cell lines representing different developmental stages – Reh and Raji. To achieve this, we identified potential promoter regions guided by the epigenetic features of functional regulatory regions determined by bioinformatics methods of ChIP-Seq data analysis of chromatin marks in CD19+ lymphocytes. We examined the activity of selected promoters using reporter analysis in B cells. Additionally, we studied the impact of a single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800469 in the TGFB1 promoter, which is associated with the development of colorectal cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the risk of radiation fibrosis. Our results showed increased promoter activity of IL10 and TGFB1 in the Reh pro-B cells compared to the Raji mature B cells upon stimulation. Interestingly, the presence of the minor allele of rs1800469 led to enhanced TGFB1 promoter activity in the Reh cells. Higher activity of IL10 and TGFB1 promoters in acute lymphoblastic leukemia Reh cells may be associated with the increased immunosuppression, which is characteristic of this pathology. It is also possible that activation of pro-B cells Reh induces their differentiation into monocyte-like cells, which can be polarized into alternatively activated (M2) macrophages by autocrine TGF-β and IL-10. M2 macrophages can function as tumor-associated macrophages and contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Moreover, increased levels of TGF-β in tissues increase the risks of fibrosis and decrease inflammation levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Introduction to Symposium on “Critical Legal Histories”: Robert W. Gordon. 1984. Critical Legal Histories. Stanford Law Review 36:57–125

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This introduction to a symposium on Robert Gordon's classic article “Critical Legal Histories” (1984) suggests that the article should be read in the first instance as a response to the distinctive historical and jurisprudential currents of the 1980s, even as it also remains a work that continues to challenge legal historians working today, a generation later.
Development of bonded composite doublers for the repair of oil recovery equipment.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An unavoidable by-product of a metallic structure's use is the appearance of crack and corrosion flaws. Economic barriers to the replacement of these structures have created an aging infrastructure and placed even greater demands on efficient and safe repair methods. In the past decade, an advanced composite repair technology has made great strides in commercial aviation use. Extensive testing and analysis, through joint programs between the Sandia Labs FAA Airworthiness Assurance Center and the aviation industry, have proven that composite materials can be used to repair damaged aluminum structure. Successful pilot programs have produced flight performance history to establish the durability of bonded composite patches as a permanent repair on commercial aircraft structures. With this foundation in place, this effort is adapting bonded composite repair technology to civil structures. The use of bonded composite doublers has the potential to correct the difficulties associated with current repair techniques and the ability to be applied where there are no rehabilitation options. It promises to be cost-effective with minimal disruption to the users of the structure. This report concludes a study into the application of composite patches on thick steel structures typically used in mining operations. Extreme fatigue, temperature, erosive, and corrosive environments induce an array of equipment damage. The current weld repair techniques for these structures provide a fatigue life that is inferior to that of the original plate. Subsequent cracking must be revisited on a regular basis. The use of composite doublers, which do not have brittle fracture problems such as those inherent in welds, can help extend the structure's fatigue life and reduce the equipment downtime. Two of the main issues for adapting aircraft composite repairs to civil applications are developing an installation technique for carbon steel and accommodating large repairs on extremely thick structures. This study developed and proved an optimum field installation process using specific mechanical and chemical surface preparation techniques coupled with unique, in-situ heating methods. In addition, a comprehensive performance assessment of composite doubler repairs was completed to establish the viability of this technology for large, steel structures. The factors influencing the durability of composite patches in severe field environments were evaluated along with related laminate design issues.
Segmentation of dense and multi-species bacterial colonies using models trained on synthetic microscopy images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The spread of microbial infections is governed by the self-organization of bacteria on surfaces. Limitations of live imaging techniques make collective behaviors in clinically relevant systems challenging to quantify. Here, novel experimental and image analysis techniques for high-fidelity single-cell segmentation of bacterial colonies are developed. Machine learning-based segmentation models are trained solely using synthetic microscopy images that are processed to look realistic using state-of-the-art image-to-image translation methods, requiring no biophysical modeling. Accurate single-cell segmentation is achieved for densely packed single-species colonies and multi-species colonies of common pathogenic bacteria, even under suboptimal imaging conditions and for both brightfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The resulting data provide quantitative insights into the self-organization of bacteria on soft surfaces. Thanks to their high adaptability and relatively simple implementation, these methods promise to greatly facilitate quantitative descriptions of bacterial infections in varied environments.
Effect of adhesion on frictional properties of nanostripe surface structures composed of Au and Fe

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated the effect of adhesion force on the frictional properties of a nanostripe structure composed of a combination of gold (Au) and iron (Fe). Relative humidity (RH) was controlled from 10%–80% during the friction experiment by atomic force microscopy. Au sputtered and Fe sputtered on Si samples were used for comparison. The nanostripe surface showed characteristic frictional property, which differed from that of Au and Fe. The adhesion force of nanostripe was comparable to that of Fe, and the frictional property of nanostripe was independent of RH. However, friction force is finite at the normal load of zero, and friction force non-linearly increased with increasing normal load. We will discuss the reason for the different trends between Au and Fe and nanostripe.
On Chemical Tests for Blood in Urine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of early trials with chloramphenicol (Rogers, Koegler, and Gerrard, 1949) suggest that it is an effective therapeutic agent in gastr6enteritis.If its value is confirmed the use of streptomycin will be entirely superseded. I SummaryTrials of oral streptomnycin for infants under 1 year suffer- ing from endemic non-specific gastroenteritis extended in three stages over the period August, 1947, to February, 1950.The main stage of the investigation included 97 babies who were grouped according to age and to the severity of their disease, and alternate cases in each age group were allocated to the trial and control series.No clear-cut response to streptomycin has been demon- strated, but the data on which clinical assessment was based show that there was slightly better progress among the streptomycin-treated cases and that the contrast was more marked among the severe cases.Many cases failed to respond to streptomycin, and it cannot be regarded as an effective therapeutic agent for the disease.Bacteriological studies were made, but the results throw no light on the aetiology of gastroenteritis.Streptomycin in the dosage employed failed to eliminate the special type Bact.coli, alpha and beta.We are grateful to Dr. R. H. Dobbs and Dr. I. M. Anderson for permission to study their cases and for their advice in the planning of the investigations.We are indebted to Dr. B. Levin for his help throughout the investigation
Out of Sight Out of Mind--How Our Mobile Social Network Changes during Migration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this work we use anonymous telecommunication data to investigate how migration influences the dynamics of mobile social networks. We analyze the evolution of social ties for an entire country over a period of 11 months, examining: tie strength, sociality level, distance of ties, and persistence of ties. We find changes in tie strengths pre and post migration, specifically at six months before and a month after migration and discover that on average it takes approximately seven to eight months to restructure ones social network at a new residential location following migration. Moreover, the strongest ties such as those between families and close friends appear to be independent of migration. These ties continue to persist at nearly constant rates, in stark contrast to the weaker ties whose persistence rates drop significantly. Finally, we quantify the interdependency between the persistence rate, social strength, and migration distance, as a result, we are able to estimate how likely a given tie would persist, given the pre-migration social strength and distance of migration.
The Interrelationship Among Psychological Capital, Mindful Learning, and English Learning Engagement of University Students in Taiwan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship of psychological capital (PsyCap) and mindful learning for English learning engagement and the possible path from PsyCap to English learning engagement with mindful learning as the mediator for university students in Taiwan. Data from 245 Taiwanese university students were used to analyze their PsyCap, mindful learning, and English learning engagement. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that PsyCap predicted mindful learning, mindful learning predicted English learning engagement, and a complete mediation existsed with mindful learning as the mediator between PsyCap and English learning engagement. The findings suggested that training and practicing PsyCap and mindful learning may be effective in facilitating English learning outcomes.
LATITUDE: A phase III, double-blind, randomized trial of androgen deprivation therapy with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone or placebos in newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LBA3 Background: Pts with newly diagnosed mHNPC, particularly with high-risk characteristics, have a poor prognosis. ADT+docetaxel showed improved outcomes in mHNPC, but many pts are not candidates for docetaxel and may benefit from alternative therapy. AA+P is indicated for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer pts. LATITUDE evaluates clinical benefit of early intervention with AA+P added to ADT in newly diagnosed, high-risk mHNPC pts. Methods: 1199 pts with newly diagnosed (≤ 3 mos prior to randomization) mHNPC (ECOG PS 0-2) with ≥ 2 of 3 risk factors (Gleason ≥ 8, ≥ 3 bone lesions, measurable visceral metastases) were randomized 1:1 to ADT+AA (1 g QD) + P (5 mg QD) or ADT+PBOs of AA and P. Co-primary end points were overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). One rPFS (~565 events), 2 interim, and 1 final OS analyses (~426, ~554, and ~852 events) were planned. Results: At this first interim analysis (median follow-up of 30.4 mos; 406 deaths [48%]; 593 rPFS events), OS, rPFS, and all secondary end points significantly favored ADT+AA+P (Table). The IDMC unanimously recommended unblinding the study and crossing pts to ADT+AA+P. Grade 3/4 adverse events (ADT+AA+P vs ADT+PBOs) (%): hypertension (20.3 vs 10.0); hypokalemia (10.4 vs 1.3); increased ALT (5.5 vs 1.3) or AST (4.4 vs 1.5). Conclusions: Early use of AA+P added to ADT in pts with high-risk mHNPC yielded significantly improved OS, rPFS, and all secondary end points vs ADT+PBOs alone. ADT+AA+P had a favorable risk/benefit ratio and supports early intervention with AA+P in newly diagnosed, high-risk mHNPC. Clinical trial information: NCT01715285. [Table: see text]