jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancing coordination in chicken production in Yen The District, Bac Giang Province, Vietnam.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rapid expansion of chicken production in Yen The district, Bac Giang province has promoted the integration among actors in the commodity chain. The study aims to provide a broad picture of coordination activities in chicken production in the district, and to propose recommendations enhancing the integration. Data was collected from 62 chicken farming households which were analyzed using comparative statistics, i.e. test of means, and logit regression to establish the factors that promote the coordination in poultry production among farmers. Despite the large quantity of chicken supply, there is no formal integration among actors in chicken commodity chain in Yen The. Instead, poultry farms have established production groups among themselves– called chicken farming group, with activities based mostly on verbal contracts. Smallholders in chicken farming who joined the groups perceived economic benefits, capacity building, and even spiritual supports among members. Income generated from chicken farming (per kg of liveweight chicken) is higher for farmers in chicken farming group than that of independent holders. Key factors affecting the coordination in chicken production are (i) smallness of the scale of production (related with unreliable supply), (ii) absence of services providers who are willing to coordinate with farmers, (iii) problems during implementation of contracts and (iv) the lack of an enabling environment for coordination. Recommendations for enhancing coordination between farmers and other actors in chicken commodity chain were proposed accordingly, focusing on the strengthen of current CGG and formation of new groups, training for chicken growers, legal supports for coordination in the commodity chain, active involvement of researchers and banks, and improvement of veterinary services.
Wearing its interculturalism on its sleeve: travels through Mexican language and culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this contribution an overview of the immense Mexican linguistic and cultural diversity is presented. For this purpose, the results of a long-term project entitled Proyecto de Revitalización, Mantenimiento y Desarrollo Lingüístico y Cultural (PRMDLC: Linguistic and Cultural Revitalization, Maintenance and Development Project) is discussed. This includes reviewing different multimedia materials that the PRMDLC has produced for over a decade now, as well as introducing the main participants of the PRMDLC, all of which is aimed at celebrating Mexican indigenous languages and cultures, in an effort to enhance the country's amazing heritage. For this purpose, a discussion of the main strategies to promote interculturalism is developed, together with a critique of the approaches developed by the Mexican state, offering bottom-up language planning alternatives, including revitalization methodologies aimed at involving the general, mainstream public, especially children.
Ownership structure and dividend policy in Jordan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on dividend policy ofJordanian manufacturing companies listed in Amman stock exchange. More specifically, the studyexamine several hypotheses regarding the relationship between ownership structure (namely:concentration, foreign, institutional, and managerial) and dividend policy. To achieve studyobjective, this study uses a combination of time-series and cross-section data. Five year (2014-2018) panel data of 61 companies are examined. In order to test the study hypotheses, the studyconduct F-test, Lagrange Multiplier test (LM- test), and the Hausman test to determine the beststatistical method (ordinary least squares method (OLS), fixed effects or random effects models).The empirical findings of this study show that all the ownership variables (ownershipconcentration, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership are insignificant in affecting thedividend policy, and the direction of the relationship is positive except a negative relationshipbetween foreign ownership and dividend policy. Also, the empirical finding showed that thecompany size and return on assets (ROA) were found to have a significant positive effect ondividend policy, where as leverage was found to have a significant negative effect on dividendpolicy.
Comparing Anorectics and Bulimics on Measures of Depression, Anxiety, and Anger

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Seventeen anorectics and 33 bulimics, all female inpatients at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital's eating disorder unit, and 57 non-eating-disordered female controls from undergraduate psychology classes at Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, were compared on measures of depression, anxiety, and anger. Results indicated that both anorectics and bulimics differed from controls on depression, anxiety, and three of the six scales assessing anger. Bulimics and anorectics, however, did not significantly differ from each other in terms of depression, anxiety, and anger. The implications of these results for practice and research with eating-disordered persons are discussed.
Cardiotrophin‐1 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine and promotes IL‐4–induced M2 macrophage polarization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Macrophages play a central role in tissue remodeling, repair, and resolution of inflammation. Macrophage polarization to Ml or M2 activation status may determine the progression or resolution of the inflammatory response. We have previously reported that cardiotrophin‐1 (CT‐1) displays both cytoprotective and metabolic activities. The role of CT‐1 in inflammation remains poorly understood. Here, we employed recombinant CT‐1 (rCT‐1) and used CT‐1 –null mice and myeloid‐specif ic CT‐1 transgenic mice to investigate whether CT‐1 might play a role in the modulation of the inflammatory response. We observed that CT‐1 deficiency was associated with enhanced release of inflammatory mediators and with stronger activation of NF‐κB in response to LPS, whereas the inflammatory response was attenuated in CT‐1 transgenic mice or by administering rCT‐1 to wild‐type animals prior to LPS challenge. We found that CT‐1 promoted IL‐6 expression only by nonhematopoietic cells, whereas LPS up‐regulated IL‐6 expression in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Notably, rCT‐1 inhibited LPS‐mediated soluble IL‐6R induction. Using IL‐6 −/− mice, we showed that rCT‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced TNF‐α and IFN‐γ response in an IL‐6–independent manner. Importantly, we demonstrated that CT‐1 primes macrophages for IL‐4–dependent M2 polarization by inducing IL‐4 receptor expression. Mechanistic analyses showed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3–suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 axis mediates this effect. Our findings support the notion that CT‐1 is a critical regulator of inflammation and suggest that rCT‐1 could be a molecule with potential therapeutic application in inflammatory conditions.—Carneros, D., Santamaría, E. M., Larequi, E., Vélez‐Ortiz, J. M., Reboredo, M., Mancheño, U., Perugorria, M. J., Navas, P., Romero‐Gómez, M., Prieto, J., Hervás‐Stubbs, S., Bustos, M. Cardiotrophin‐1 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine and promotes IL‐4–induced M2 macrophage polarization. FASEB J. 33, 7578–7587 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Lithocarpus pacoensis (Fagaceae) a new species from Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lithocarpus pacoensis Ngoc & Son from Hoa Binh province, Northern Vietnam, is described here and illustrated. The new species is most similar to Lithocarpus komtumensis A.Camus and Lithocarpus laoticus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus in having long petioles; big cupules, usually clustered in sets of three, flat apical, nearly completely enclosing the nut; nut subglobose apex rounded or flat; scar covering 2/3 to most of the nut, convex. But the new species significantly differs from L. kontumensis and L. laoticus in having bigger leaf blades, longer petiole, much bigger cupule and nut, much more number of secondary veins, and shorter infructescences. The morphological description, comparison with related species, photographs, and preliminary conservation status descriptions are also provided.
Effect of Arthropods on the Decomposition of Rat Carrions in an Aerated Environment in Spring Season in Assiut, Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arthropods represent one of the most important invertebrates to arrive and colonize carrion.Objective: The present investigation aimed to determine the arthropods fauna of forensic importance that colonizes carrion in an aerated environment during Spring season in Assiut, Egypt.Methods: Experimental models rates were killed and divided into Seven groups three rats in each group.Group 1;Control, Group 2 ; Drowning, Group 3;Electro cusion, Group 4 ;Stab of the heart, Group5; Heart-abdomen stab, Group 6;Cold and Group 7; Burn.Rats were used to determine succession in an aerated area during the spring of 2018 in Assiut governorate,Egypt.Results: The present results indicated that the arthropods of forensic importance, represented by the thirteen taxa belong to phylum Arthropoda and 10 families, Family: Calliphoridae represented by Chrysomya albiceps (5%), Family: Muscidae represented by Musca domestica (33%), Family: Sarcophagidae represented by Sarcophaga sp.(23%), Wohlfahrtia magnifica (22 %)and Parasarcophaga orgyrostama( 2%), Family: Dermestidae represented by Dermestes maculates(1 %) and Dermestes frischi(1 %), Family: Histeridae represented by Saprinus sp.(4 %), Family: Pteromalidae represented by Nasonia sp.(2 %), Family: Lycosidae represented by spider ( 3%), Family: Pyroglyphidae represented by Dermatophagoides sp.(1 %), Family: Cimicidae represented by Cimex lectularis (2 %) and Family: Porcellionidae represented by Porcellionides pruinosus (1 %).Conclusion: The present investigation submitted a basis for further studies dealing with arthropods colonization of carrions.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Outcomes research in rhinoplasty: body image and quality of life.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Although hundreds of quality-of-life (QOL) studies are available in the literature, very few were designed that include both a global and a procedure-specific evaluation of QOL and an inventory for the assessment of body image. The purpose of this study was to use condition-specific and global measures as well as psychological evaluations in a case series of rhinoplasties for a more comprehensive assessment of patient-reported outcomes.METHODS: Records of 225 patients aged 18-57 years who underwent rhinoplasty were prospectively included in the study. Study participants completed both a baseline questionnaire before the rhinoplasty operation and a postsurgical patient questionnaire 12 months after the operation, including the European QOL Questionnaire (EQ), Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation Questionnaire (ROE), and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ).RESULTS: Mean values corresponding to the EQ VAS results except for discomfort and anxiety domains increased after treatment compared with baseline. Both male and female patients experienced significant improvement in ROE scores, with larger differences between pre- and postoperative ROE scores in male patients compared with female patients. The analyses of variance in the MBSRQ results revealed significant postsurgical improvements on the appearance orientation subscale.CONCLUSION: The development, standardization, and use of validated procedure-specific QOL tools are essential components for accurately measuring patient-reported outcomes of facial plastic surgery procedures. To measure patient satisfaction in a more objective and standardized manner, specific questionnaires or instruments should be used that can determine the QOL changes associated with each procedure of interest. PMID: 21819764
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment for refugee education crises

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to aim at: (1) investigating the vulnerabilities/obstacles that hinder refugees in hosting countries from obtaining quality and adequate education and (2) proposing a Framework for Action to transform these vulnerabilities into capacities. Design/methodology/approach Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA) was used for the purpose of this research. A survey strategy was adopted and data were collected using semi-structured interviews with refugee families. One hundred and twenty families were interviewed. Findings The study identified a number of vulnerabilities; including mainly unavailability of educational facilities; quality of the available education; social challenges and psychological needs. The findings revealed that there was a lack of comprehensive and strategic frameworks for mitigating refugee educational crises. Practical implications The lack of adequate and quality education for refugees in host countries is likely to increase illiteracy levels and subsequently trigger humanitarian and natural disasters on the long run. This research emphasizes the importance of developing comprehensive frameworks for quality and adequate refugee education. Originality/value To the author's knowledge, and after an extensive review of the existing literature, this is the first study to employ VCA to investigate the extent of the current refugee educational crisis in Jordan. VCA is more commonly used in the context of natural and environmental disasters threatening societies. Relevant authorities need to be aware of the significance of refugee education at individual, communal and national levels, as well as the significance of education to refugee well-being.
Inhibiting Effects of Antibiotics Loaded Porous Hydroxyapatite Microspheres on Staphylococcus Aureus

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

本研究以濕性化學法為合成方法，利用具有生物活性之無機陶瓷(氫氧基磷灰石)與生物可降解性之高分子製備出均勻且可控制粒徑大小之複合微米球。各種檢測技術譬如X光繞射(XRD)、傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜(FTIR)、電子顯微鏡觀察(SEM/TEM)、感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析(ICP-MS)與熱分析(TGA/DSC)等被用來鑑定氫氧基磷灰石-生物高分子複合微米球之結晶相、成分組成、表面形貌、化學結構及熱穩定性，分析結果發現此微米球呈現多孔狀且擁有大量的微孔與介孔，因而展現出高比表面積的特色，藉由此優點將微米球作為藥物載體應用於骨組織感染治療可大幅提高載藥量，因此本研究以微米球負載gentamicin、vancomycin、teicoplanin和zyvox四種不同的抗生素，探討其釋放行為及其對金黃色葡萄球菌(staphylococcus aureus)之抑菌效應。釋放曲線顯示出在初期12小時內，四種抗生素於50 ml 之磷酸鹽緩衝溶液中有爆發性釋放，其濃度針對金黃色葡萄球菌皆能高於最低抑菌濃度(MIC)，隨後則維持著緩慢釋放，而由實驗結果亦可得知化學結構中具有羧基之抗生素如vancomycin和teicoplanin與氫氧基磷灰石之間有較強之鍵結，因而導致有較長期緩慢且持續性的釋放行為。利用從藥物釋放試驗所獲得之釋放溶液，以瓊脂擴散法進行抑菌試驗，不同時間點所獲得之釋放液皆有顯著的抑菌圈，且抑菌圈直徑大小和各時間點所測得之抗生素濃度成正相關，此現象證實抗生素被負載於複合微米球再經過釋放之後，仍保有化學活性與穩定性。在細胞實驗中，因為本研究所合成的微米球含有生物高分子的成分，擁有細胞增殖所需要的胺基酸，加上氫氧基磷灰石具有生物活性及導骨性，因此以微米球進行體外細胞培養結果指出此微米球能增加類骨母細胞的增殖與分化，且以微米球之萃取液進行細胞毒性測試亦顯示出其對細胞不具毒性。整體而言，本研究成功的製備出具有高抗生素負載量及可注射式之氫氧基磷灰石-生物高分子複合微米球，並且達到有效延長藥物釋放、抗菌目的及提升細胞生長，此將有助於解決骨組織疾病所引發之棘手問題，並發揮微小傷口及骨整合等優點。
The future of otolaryngology training threatened: The negative impact of residency training reforms

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Resident training regulations developed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in 2003 have limited resident work hours and autonomy. Proposed to improve patient safety and resident education, these regulations have not had their intended effects. They have acted to dilute otolaryngology residents' experiences, thereby weakening their training. The ACGME is currently considering tightening these regulations. By advocating for residency guidelines that are more conducive to the needs of otolaryngology education, otolaryngologists can guarantee continued superlative training for future residents.
Evaluating Volatility Forecasts with Ultra-High-Frequency Data—Evidence from the Australian Equity Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Due to the unobserved nature of the true return variation process, one of the most challenging problems in evaluation of volatility forecasts is to find an accurate benchmark proxy for ex-post volatility. This paper uses the Australian equity market ultra-high-frequency data to construct an unbiased ex-post volatility estimator and then use it as a benchmark to evaluate various practical volatility forecasting strategies (GARCH class model based). These forecasting strategies allow for the skewed distribution of innovations and use various estimation windows in addition to the standard GARCH volatility models. In out-of-sample tests, we find that forecasting errors across all model specifications are systematically reduced if using the unbiased ex-post volatility estimator compared with those using the realized volatility based on sparsely sampled intra-day data. In particular, we show that the three benchmark forecasting models outperform most of the modified strategies with different distribution of returns and estimation windows. Comparing the three standard GARCH class models, we find that the asymmetric power ARCH (APARCH) model exhibits the best forecasting power in both normal and financial turmoil periods, which indicates the ability of APARCH model to capture the leptokurtic returns and stylized features of volatility in the Australian stock market.
Children and Disaster Risk Reduction: Building Resilience from Education, Local Government Units, and Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We are living in a world that is continually challenged in addressing disaster risks, coping with the impact of disasters, and building the resilience of the population, especially among the vulnerable groups and communities. The risk of disaster is increasing at the global level, and the world is becoming more hazardous to live in (Bradshaw 2013, 15– 16). The Philippines ranks third as most at risk in the WorldRiskReports (Jeschonnek et al 2016, 2018; Jeschonnek, Kirch, and Mucke 2017), and has alleviated its risk index to the ninth rank in 2019. The Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines Status Report 2019 reveals data related to a continuum of threats that are also compounded with the country's young demographic profile. Children represent 38% of the Philippine population (CRC Coalition 2020, 4) and 31.4% of them are poor (Philippine Statistics Authority 2021). Thus, there is a need to reduce disasters risks and vulnerability, management of disaster risks, and build resilience through an integrated and childcentered approach.
Cell-free translation of messenger RNA for chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan core protein in rat cartilage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Total RNA was extracted from the cartilage tissues rat Swarm chondrosarcoma, neonatal-rat breastplate and embryonic-chicken sterna and translated in wheat-germ cell-free reactions. The core protein of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan subunit was identified among translation products of rat mRNA by its apparent Mr of 330 000 and by its immunoprecipitation with specific antisera prepared against rat or chicken proteoglycan antigens. The apparent Mr of the rat proteoglycan core protein is 8000-10000 less than that of the equivalent chicken cartilage core-protein product.
Memory-Augmented Dialogue State Tracker in Task-Oriented Dialogue System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dialogue state tracker is a core component of task-oriented dialogue system, which tracks users' goals during interaction between users and systems. Though many models have been applied to task-oriented dialogue systems and made some progress, these models still have poor performance in multi-domain conversation. To improve memory ability of dialogue state tracker, we propose Mem-DST (Memory-augmented dialogue state tracker), which is based on memory networks. Experiments on Multiwoz show that our model perform well in multi-domain dialogue, as well as in single domain dialogue. Besides, it is an important progress that our model gets considerable joint accuracy in both scenes.
Developing reimbursable clinical pharmacy programs: A goal-oriented approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Using a goal-oriented approach, a model for achieving third-party reimbursement for clinical pharmaceutical services is proposed. Within the framework of this model, the discussion includes: (1) determination of the hospital pharmacy mission, goals and objectives; (2) classification of clinical services into eight categories to establish the reimbursement potential for each service; (3) development of a clinical service protocol, techniques to establish charges and stages involved in communicating with the parties affected by the clinical services; and (4) methodologies for evaluating program outcome.
Food recognition via an efficient neural network with transformer grouping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, considerable research efforts have been devoted to food recognition for its great potential applications in human health. Much work so far has focused on directly extracted deep visual features via Convolutional Neural Networks, which require significant computational resources and training time. The high requirements on hardware resources severely limit the application of food recognition in mobile devices and the sustainable extension on the server side. Therefore, how to design an efficient and high-performance lightweight neural network for food recognition is the key to solve the problem. In this paper, we propose a Lightweight Transformer-Based Deep Neural Network for food image recognition, which can achieve effective recognition of food images with fewer parameters and lower computational cost. Through Transformer Grouping and Token Shuffling, we construct an efficient food image recognition network that effectively combines the advantages of Transformer to extract global features and MobileNet to extract local features. The proposed network architecture effectively copes with the particularly scattered distribution of salient features in food images, and improves the recognition rate. We conduct extensive experiments on three popular food data sets, demonstrating that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in applying lightweight neural networks to food image recognition.
Ulama Kekerasan sebagai Intelektual Kekerasan: Studi Kasus Bom Bunuh Diri Keluarga di Surabaya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to conceptualize the role of violent ulama in the 2018 family suicide bombing terror incident in Surabaya which involved children, mothers, and fathers (nuclear family). The author uses a qualitative approach with direct data sources in the form of interviews with the Surabaya bombing terrorist network and library data. This article concludes that violent clerics are organic intellectuals who are the intellectual actors behind the family suicide bombing.
Entrainment of Bed Sediment into Suspension

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The literature abounds with apparently conflicting relations for predicting the reference near‐bed concentration of suspended sediment or the entrainment rate of noncohesive bed sediment into suspension. Most of these relations have been developed for uniform material. In this paper, seven such relations are compared against a common set of experimental data for which direct measurements of near‐bed concentration are available. The relations put forward by Van Rijn and by Smith and McLean are found to perform best. A new relation for uniform material, having similar predictive capabilities, is developed using the same experimental data. The new relation is generalized to handle sediment mixtures with the aid of field data. The generalization accounts for the hiding effect due to the presence of grains of different sizes. A test against an independent field data set indicates that the empirical fit can provide reasonable estimates of the sediment entrainment coefficient for beds covered with nonuniform material.