jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Active processes and sensing in the cochlea

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

One key question in the biophysics of the mammalian cochlea is determining the relative contribution to cochlear amplification by the two active processes present in the outer hair cell, namely prestin-based somatic motility and hair bundle (HB) motility. In the biological cochlea, these two effects are intimately coupled as HB force generation is linked to calcium-dependent adaptation of the transduction current and somatic force generation is driven by the depolarization caused by the same transduction current. To separate these effects, we construct a global mechanical-electrical-acoustical mathematical model of the cochlea. The global cochlear model is coupled to linearizations of nonlinear somatic motility and HB motility. We find that the active HB force alone is not sufficient to power high frequency cochlear amplification while somatic motility can perform this task. We discuss the limitations to this mathematical approach along with existing seminal experiments and proposed experiments (both in the cochlea and in the auditory nerve) to map future directions for uncovering the micromechanical contributions to the system level response of the cochlea. Describing the relation between the microfluidic flow stimulating the inner hair cell HB and the active processes in the cochlea and is an important future research direction. [Support: NIH-NIDCD.]
Genetic analysis of end‐use quality traits in wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal food crop in the world. End‐use quality improvement is a major objective in wheat breeding programs. ‘Tiger’ is a hard white winter wheat cultivar with excellent bread baking qualities. The objective of this study was to identify the genetic loci underlying the quality traits in Tiger. A doubled‐haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between Tiger and ‘Danby’ was grown in two environments. A total of 17 quality traits together with grain yield (GY) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici ) were evaluated. The population was genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated through genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). A linkage map was constructed with 1,507 GBS‐SNP markers that distributed over all 21 chromosomes. Most traits in this study showed normal or approximately normal distributions. Composite interval mapping analysis revealed a total of 72 quantitative trait loci (QTL), 67 for quality traits that were dispersed on all chromosomes except 3D, 5D, 6A, and 7A. Among the 67 QTL, some were novel QTL that have not been reported previously. Although many QTL were only significant in one environment, six genomic regions on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2D, 5BL, 6B, and 6DL harbored major QTL for several important quality traits including kernel hardness (KH), grain and flour protein content (GPC, FPC), flour yield (FY), mix time (MT), mixing tolerance (MTOL), loaf volume (LV), and loaf volume regression (LVReg). At these major loci, Danby contributed favorable alleles for KH, GPC and FPC, while Tiger contributed favorable alleles for the other traits. The findings in this study will be useful for the genetic improvement of bread‐making quality in wheat.
Edge IoT-cloud Framework based on Blockchain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet of things (IoT) can be used to exchange information and data, but there are many concerns of users in terms of privacy and theft of confidential information to the patient or change the data only seen by the doctor. Through blockchain technology, many hospitals have been able to store data and provide the concept of trust. This project aims to improve data exchange through the use of blockchain techniques and data operations to keep them from changing. IoT can be used to monitor the patient's condition remotely and follow up and send his information to the health authority, thus warning them of possible dangerous situations. In order to exchange reliable and reliable information between the caregivers and the patient, the data is taken from the patient and processed in operations and then stored.
Psycho-social characteristics in patients with discopathy: Quality of Life, coping strategy and mood state.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The pathologies of the musculoskeletal apparatus are the most common cause of chronic diseases, with a huge impact on people and society. Scientific literature has discovered how experiencing chronic pain directly affects peoples' well-being, lifestyle, social relationships and can also cause psychological distress. The present study aims to investigate pain experience in patients with hernias or protrusions of the cervical and lumbosacral tract on a sample of 120 patients, recruited from patients of Poliambulatorio Oberdan, medical centre in Brescia (Italy) specialized in physical rehabilitation and CT-guided oxygen ozone therapy. In a bio-psychosocial perspective, the research aimed to investigate how the perception of pain, the mood state associated with it, the coping strategies adopted and the quality of life differ according to each patient's gender and to the more or less prolonged use of pain medication. The data were collected by means of medical and psychological anamnestic interviews and self-report tests (WHOQOL-BREF, COPE-NVI, POMS). The quantitative analysis, carried out through SPSS 25 (2017) software, showed how functional impairment of one's autonomy (walking, driving) affects mood states. In particular, the female sample expressed a more deflected mood, despite the greater use of relational and/or transcendent support (coping strategies) compared to men. The study suggests that the greater impairment of the moods of women can be attributed both to the caregiving role they play, which often results in a greater fatigue and difficulties in redefining this role following the algic condition, and more general differences in the expression of suffering, which, on a cultural level, sees men emotionally coerced. The analysis also shows how taking pain medication for a long period of time has a negative impact on the quality of life. The results suggest that the patients treated with analgesic therapy tend to adopt avoidant coping styles, which usually escalate into postponement of the time when dealing with a stressful situation and, if used in the long run, may lead to worsening health condition.
Weed Management Studies in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Through New Herbicide Molecule Aclonifen 600 SC under Climate Changing Era

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changing climate aggregates, the problem of weed management by rapid weed flora shift and resistance development. In these conditions, the best option is to use new herbicide molecules with a diverse mode of action and a wider application time window. Thus, an herbicidal trial was conducted during the Rabi 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with 8 treatments viz., control (W1), aclonifen 600SC @ 1.05 kg a.i./ha PE (W2) and early POE (W5),aclonifen 600SC @ 1.2 kg a.i./ha PE (W3) and early POE (W6), pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1.25 kg a.i./ha PE (W4), sulfosulfuron 75% WG @ 0.025 kg a.i./ha POE (W7), Farmer practice-2 hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS (W8) and replicated thrice. Among different treatments aclonifen 600 SC @ 1.25 kg a.i./ha as pre and early post-emergence applied treatments recorded minimum weed density, weed dry matter production, highest weed control efficiency and crop persistence index. The same treatments registered better crop growth performance, and profitable yields.
Evaluation of Annulus Pressure Buildup During Injection Operations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract More than 300 million barrels of saltwater is produced everyday from oil and gas production wells. Most of this volume is injected through either saltwater disposal wells or used for water flooding and enhanced recovery purposes. Usually, the regulations require the injection to be conducted through the injector well tubing that is isolated from the well annulus to protect the underground source of drinking water (USDW) by preventing any possible leak through the well casing. Monitoring of the annulus pressure during injection ensures the well integrity. The annulus pressure changes can occur by one of the following mechanisms: thermal expansion of the annulus fluid; ballooning of the injection tubing; communication between the tubing and the annulus; or fluid migration behind the casing. Determining the communication mechanism can be a complex process and a need may arise to run several testing procedures and inspect all the wellbore components. Successful evaluation of the annulus pressure values and trends can directly identify the root cause of the annulus pressure buildup and simultaneously save time and reduce the cost associated with the workover operations. The seven case studies presented in this paper focus on the details pertaining to the annulus pressure buildup under different well conditions and purposes the interpretation technique for each case.
Spectroscopy of the neutron-deficient isobars [sup 163]Re and [sup 163]W using tagging techniques

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Selective tagging techniques have been used to establish new band structures in the transitional isobars 163Re and 163W. These nuclei were produced in the 106Cd(60Ni, xp yn γ) reaction at a bombarding energy of 270 MeV. Prompt γ rays were detected at the target position using the JUROGAM spectrometer while recoiling ions were separated by the RITU separator and implanted into the GREAT spectrometer. At low spin, the yrast band of 163Re is shown to be a strongly coupled collective band based on a protonh11/2 configuration. In 163W, the decay path of the 13/2+ isomeric state to the ground state has been identified and negative parity structures based on the ground state established.
Field Spectroscopy Measurements over Asprokremmos Dam in Cyprus Intended for Water Quality Monitoring

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

High concentrations of suspended particulate matter in reservoir waters directly affect the water treatment plants by occurring damages to the filters during the pretreatment. The objective of this project is to define the support that can be derived from the use of remote sensing techniques in order to determine the spatial variations of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in Asprokremmos Dam in Paphos District in Cyprus. Such techniques have been successfully applied to the retrieval of TSS concentration and other water quality parameters in various geographical locations and environmental settings. This paper describes the results obtained by an existing running campaign in which in-situ spectroradiometric measurements and water sampling measurements of turbidity have been acquired at the study area. A GER-1500 field sperctro-radiometer equipped with a fibre optic probe is used to retrieve the spectral signatures of the Asprokremmos Dam and a portable turbidity meter is used for the determination of turbidity values. Ground-truth data based on the spectro-radiometric measurements were simulated to comply with the Landsat TM/ETM+ visible and infrared bands, so that identification of the ‘best-suited’ spectral region in which turbidity can be retrieved, was performed.
Applications of Electrochemical Methods for Investigations of Localized Corrosion of Nitrogen-Molybdenum Stainless Steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrochemical methods were used to determine the localized corrosion resistance of 12 austenitic stainless steels (SS) with a composition range of 22%Cr-5%Ni-5%Mn-(1% to 5%)Mo-(0.0% to 0.7%)N-balance Fe in a deaerated 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution from 10°C to 97°C. Potentiodynamic polarization was used to determine the critical pitting potential (CPP), protection potentials, and polarization resistance (Rp), and potentiostatic cyclic thermometry was used to determine the critical pitting temperature (CPT) and critical crevice temperature (CCT). The results of potentiodynamic polarization showed that all of the SS containing both N and Mo have CPP significantly higher than either Type 304 (UNS S30400) or Type 316L (UNS S31603) SS. Rp correlated with the pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) for PRE from 20 to 45; however, for PRE &gt; 45 there was no correlation. Results obtained by potentiostatic cyclic thermometry showed that CPT and the CCT are both linear functions of PRE, and strongly dependent on both Mo and N concentration in the alloy.
Dispersal ofNezara viridula1andPiezodorus guildinii1Nymphs in Soybeans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dispersal of Nezara viridula (L.) and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) nymphs, the 2 most abundant stink bugs in soybeans in Brazil, was studied. Results showed that they moved more along than across rows. Maximum distance recorded for both species along rows was 12 m, while across rows was 7.2 m for N. viridula and 4.8 m for P. guildinii . The total number of nymphs recaptured was higher for P. guildinii than N. viridula , and the recovery rate decreased with increase in distance from the release point. Nymphs in the 2nd and 3rd stages showed strong gregarism and dispersal was more pronounced for 4th and 5th stages, which were the principal ages involved in colonization of the field. Dispersal patterns of the nymphs best fitted the equation Y = a + b Log x + c/x, where Y = density, x = distance from the release point, a = intercept, b = slope, and c = a proportionality constant.
Quantifying the Source of Organic Matter in the Sediments of the Nuozhadu Reservoir in the Lancang River Basin

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Numerous dams have been constructed in the Lancang River Basin, thus, identification and quantification of the organic matter sources in the reservoir sediments is indispensable to estimate the magnitude of reservoir carbon sinks. In this study, five sediment cores were collected from different areas of the Nuozhadu reservoir in the lower Lancang River in May 2021, to measure total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and carbon isotope of organic carbon (δ13Coc). The results show that TOC concentrations in the sediments of the Nuozhadu reservoir varied between 0.47% and 1.79% with a mean value of 1.05%±0.29%. There were significant and positive correlations between TOC and TN contents, with the slopes of the regression lines being slightly larger than the Redfield ratio of phytoplanktonic algae. These indicate that organic matter in the sediments mainly derived from aquatic planktonic algae and to a lesser extent, terrestrial organic matter. Based on sediment C/N ratios and carbon isotopes, the Bayesian mixing model estimated, with phytoplanktonic contributing the most of sediment organic matter, an average of 38%, followed by soil organic matter, contributing 26%. The Nuozhadu reservoir stood out among the Lancang River cascade reservoirs. Organic matter in the reservoir sediments in the upper reaches was dominated by exogenous soil organic matter. In contrast, the proportion of phytoplanktonic algae in organic matter exceeded the contribution of terrestrial organic matter. This is in part due to the interception of terrestrial-derived materials by the upstream reservoirs, but presumably more importantly the increased organic matter produced by photosynthesis. Considering the low nutrient level in Nuozhadu Reservoir, this transition indicates that downstream cascade reservoirs at lower latitudes have a greater impact on basin carbon cycling under favorable light and thermal conditions.
Monocular 3D Pose Recovery via Nonconvex Sparsity with Theoretical Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For recovering 3D object poses from 2D images, a prevalent method is to pre-train an over-complete dictionary $\mathcal D=\{B_i\}_i^D$ of 3D basis poses. During testing, the detected 2D pose $Y$ is matched to dictionary by $Y \approx \sum_i M_i B_i$ where $\{M_i\}_i^D=\{c_i ΠR_i\}$, by estimating the rotation $R_i$, projection $Π$ and sparse combination coefficients $c \in \mathbb R_{+}^D$. In this paper, we propose non-convex regularization $H(c)$ to learn coefficients $c$, including novel leaky capped $\ell_1$-norm regularization (LCNR), \begin{align*} H(c)=α\sum_{i } \min(|c_i|,τ)+ β\sum_{i } \max(| c_i|,τ), \end{align*} where $0\leq β\leq α$ and $0
Strategic aspects for the development of measurement uncertainty annexes for ISO testing standards

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The presentation shows an overview over the current situation of the development of measurement uncertainty annexes for ISO mechanical testing standards. The comparability of measurement uncertainty statements is not ensured. The utilization of ready calculated measurement uncertainty values remains unclear. Partly the measurement uncertainty values clash with existing product standards where minimum values e.g. for the materials strength are determined. A route forward is shown to solve the current problems.
MDB-79. THE DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME USP7 COOPERATES WITH SONIC HEDGEHOG SIGNALING TO PROMOTE MEDULLOBLASTOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Constitutive activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway during cerebellar development may lead to medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Clinically, SHH-MB with mutations downstream of SMO or TP53-mutated are a real challenge and alternative targeted therapies are sorely needed for this group of patients. In SHH-MB, the transcription factor Atoh1 is constitutively overexpressed and essential for tumor initiation and progression. Previous work demonstrated that proteasomal-mediated degradation of Atoh1 induces tumor regression in vitro and in vivo, therefore deciphering mechanisms controlling Atoh1 stabilization should provide new avenues for drug development in SHH-MB. METHODS Using a proteomic approach, we identified the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp7 as a positive regulator of Atoh1 in MB cells. We then applied a SILAC-based quantitative ubiquitinomics to investigate the Usp7 target landscape in SHH-MB. We also employed several biochemical approaches to demonstrate the functional interaction between Atoh1 and Usp7 in SHH-MB. In parallel, we validated the impact of Usp7 depletion in vitro and in vivo using relevant SHH-MB models. Last, we investigated large transcriptomic and proteomic datasets to unveil the prognostic value of Usp7 in SHH-MB human tumors. RESULTS We demonstrate that Usp7 binds and accumulates Atoh1 protein by counteracting its ubiquitylation. Post-natal electroporation in vivo directly into the developing cerebella also indicates that overexpression of Usp7 promotes proliferation, whereas in the absence of Atoh1 Usp7 was no longer able to spread cell growth, demonstrating a functional link between the Usp7-Atoh1 axis. In vivo, disruption of Usp7 expression in SHH-MB blocks tumor proliferation. Pharmacological inhibition of Usp7 triggers tumor growth in a syngeneic SHH MB mouse model. Lastly, SHH-MB cells with either TP53 or SMO downstream mutations are sensitive to Usp7 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data pinpoint Usp7 as a promising target against Atoh1, a master regulator of SHH-MB.
Abstract 13598: Mutation of MLX Gene Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Takayasu Arteritis by Promoting Inflammasome Formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Our recent genome-wide association study revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of both IL12B genes which encodes IL12p40, a subunit of both IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines, and MLX gene, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, were significantly associated with clinical manifestations of Takayasu arteritis (TA), an autoimmune systemic arteritis of unknown etiology. Although mutation of IL12B is expected to play an important role in mediating the development of TA through modulating the level of cytokines, it remains unknown how MLX mutation is associated with the pathogenesis of TA. Hypothesis: SNP of the MLX (rs665268), a missense mutation of MLX that alters the 139th glutamine to arginine (Gln139Arg), upregulates the factor(s) associated with the development of TA. Methods and Results: Pull-down assays demonstrated that mutation of Gln139Arg on MLX recombinant protein enhanced the heterodimer formation of MLX with MondoA, a binding partner of ML...
Predictors of hypertension detection in English general practices: a cross sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Worldwide, high systolic blood pressure is the leading risk factor for deaths and disability-adjusted life-years but has been historically under-detected. This study aimed to quantify differences between estimated and practice-detected prevalences of hypertension across English general practices, and to determine how variations in detected prevalence could be explained by population-level and service-level factors. Methods Descriptive statistics, pair wise correlations between the independent variables and a multivariable regression analysis were undertaken. In the regression model, the outcome was detected hypertension prevalence, adjusted for estimated prevalence, person-related and disease-related determinants of illness and characteristics of general practices. Results Detected prevalence was substantially lower than estimated prevalence (mean difference 16.23%; standard deviation 2.88%). Higher detected prevalence was associated with increased deprivation, increased non-white ethnicity and urban location. Lower detected prevalence was associated with larger list sizes, more general practitioners and being located in the South outside London. The final multivariable model’s adjusted R2 value was 0.75. Conclusions Substantial under-detection of hypertension is widespread across England. Independent of estimated prevalence, factors associated with greater morbidity and population density predicted higher detected prevalence. Identifying patients with undetected hypertension and coordinating care for these patients will require further resources and logistical support in community settings.
Aerodynamic optimization of double S-duct caret intake by self-adapting non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The caret intake could not only provide compressed airflow to the aircraft engine stably but also should have applicable radar stealth performance. Radar stealth means that the echo intensity of the intake should be low when detected by radar, which could be measured by radar cross section (RCS). The airflow distribution of the double S-duct caret intake was numerically optimized to improve aerodynamic performance, with radar stealth performance as constraints. Self-adaptive genetic algorithm and Kriging model were used to improve the optimization efficiency. There could be multiple boundary-layer separations in the S-duct caret intake, resulting in obvious total pressure distortion at the outlet and secondary flow. To suppress these adverse airflow phenomena, the optimization of the double S-duct intake was defined as a problem with two targets and multiple constraints. By defining the probabilities of selection and variation as functions of the iteration number and the fitness, the self-adapting non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm can be applicable for such a problem. Using the Kriging model, which was proven to have satisfactory accuracy in predicting performance parameters, an optimized intake with both excellent aerodynamic and stealth performance was obtained, with a 30% reduction in DC60 value and a 47% reduction in SC60 value compared to the intake before optimization.