jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High temperature‐responsive DEAR4 condensation confers thermotolerance through recruiting TOPLESS in Arabidopsis nucleus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Global warming is harmful to plants and threatens crop yields in the world. In contrast to other abiotic stresses, the molecular mechanisms for plant high temperature perception and signaling are still not fully understood. Here, we report that transcription factor DREB AND EAR MOTIF PROTEIN 4 (DEAR4) positively regulates heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana . We further reveal that DEAR4 proteins undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and high temperature could induce DEAR4 condensate formation in the nucleus. Moreover, DEAR4 recruits the transcriptional co‐repressor TOPLESS (TPL) into the nuclear speckles under high temperature. The high temperature triggered DEAR4‐TPL co‐condensates enhance their transcriptional repression activity through modulating histone deacetylation levels of GASA5 , which is a reported negative regulator of HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs ( HSPs ). A genome‐wide transcriptional landscape study confirms that DEAR4 induces the expression of multiple HSPs . Taken together, we illustrate a transcriptional repression mechanism mediated by DEAR4 through LLPS to confer plants thermotolerance and open a new avenue for translating this knowledge into crops for improving their heat resistance.
A Modified Stress-Strength Reliability Function for Discrete Family of Distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A modified definition of the stress-strength reliability function is proposed for discrete family of distributions. The newly introduced definition is utilized to derive expressions of the reliability function as well as its Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE) and unbiased estimator of the variance of the UMVUE for different members of the discrete Power Series family of Distributions (PSD). The performance of the UMVUE is compared with the corresponding Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator in terms of relevant measures. The modified definition is further applied in the context of engineering data and real-world football data to demonstrate its usefulness.
Universal trimers emerging from a spin-orbit coupled Fermi sea

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the existence of a universal trimer state induced by an impurity interacting with a two-component spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas in two dimensions. In the zero-density limit with a vanishing Fermi sea, the trimer is stabilized by the symmetry of the single-particle spectrum under spin-orbit coupling, and is therefore {\it universal} against the short-range details of the interaction potential. When the Fermi energy increases, we show that the trimer is further stabilized by particle-hole fluctuations over a considerable parameter region. We map out the phase diagram consisting of trimers, dimers, and polarons, and discuss the detection of these states using radio-frequency spectroscopy. The universal trimer revealed in our work is a direct manifestation of intriguing three-body correlations emerging from a many-body environment, which, in our case, is cooperatively supported by the single-particle spectral symmetry and the collective particle-hole excitations.
Association of Overweight and Obesity with Impaired Executive Functioning in Mexican Adolescents: The Importance of Inhibitory Control

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overweight and obesity are major public health issues worldwide, including in Mexico, particularly among adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the associations between nutritional status and impaired executive function (EF) in Mexican adolescents. A case–control study was conducted with 98 male and female adolescents, categorized into normal weight and overweight/obese groups based on body mass index. EF was assessed using the BANFE-2 test. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 54.3%. The EF assessment revealed that 82.45% of the overweight/obese group exhibited mild-to-severe impairment, compared to only 36.58% in the normal weight group (X2 = 21.69, p < 0.0001). In the inhibitory control assessment, adolescents with overweight and obesity performed worse than their normal-weight counterparts. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity scored lower than females with normal weight on the risk–benefit processing test. The risk of severe EF impairment significantly increased with the presence of overweight/obesity (OR = 7.8, p < 0.0001). These findings indicate that EF, particularly inhibitory control and risk–benefit processing, is impaired in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
GluN2B‐containing NMDA Receptors on Sst‐interneurons act as Initial Cellular Trigger for Antidepressant Actions of Ketamine

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine exerts rapid antidepressant‐like effects via rapid glutamate efflux, activation of mTORC1 signaling, and enhanced synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); however, the initial cellular trigger for these synaptic and behavioral actions of ketamine still remains unclear. Here, we used electrophysiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and behavioral approaches to determine the baseline sex differences in behavior after GluN2B conditional deletion from Sst‐interneurons, and effect of ketamine on chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)‐induced behavioral deficits, activation of mTOR signaling cascade and changes in synaptic transmission in male and female GluN2B fl/fl (WT) and Sst‐cre GluN2Bfl/fl mice (KO) mice. Acute treatment of ketamine reduces NMDA‐induced burst firing of Sst‐interneurons ex vivo in mPFC. Deletion of GluN2B from Sst‐GABAergic interneurons in the KO produced sexually dimorphic changes in synaptic transmission and behavior. Consistent with the disinhibition hypothesis, ketamine reduces inhibitory, but enhances excitatory transmission of layer V pyramidal neurons of mPFC and reverses CUS‐induced behavioral deficits only in WT, but not KO, mice. Preliminary data demonstrate that deletion of GluN2B from Sst‐interneurons blocks ketamine‐induced activation of mTOR signaling cascade. Our results demonstrate that Sst‐interneurons are an initial cellular trigger for synaptic and behavioral actions of ketamine. Consistent with the disinhibition hypothesis, ketamine actions are mediated by GluN2B‐NMDARs on Sst‐interneurons via disinhibition of pyramidal neurons, activation of mTOR signaling, and enhanced synaptic function in mPFC.
Varicose vein surgery stripping method compared to radio frequency ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This randomised study was conducted to evaluate clinical, patient based outcomes after RFA and conventional surgery in a selected population.Methods: This study was conducted in the Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.Results: In present study, it was reported that 150 patients in total were assessed in the study, out of which, 110 were randomised, 100 underwent the intervention as a daily procedure. 50 patients underwent RFA and 50 patients had conventional surgery. In group R, males were 15, females were 35; in group C, males were 17 and females were 33. In CEAP classification, in C2 class, there were 40 in group R, 39 in group C; in C3 class, there were 8 in group R, 6 in group C; in C4-6 class, 2 were in group R and 5 were in group C. The highest total clinical severity score was 1 i.e. 30 in group R and 32 in group C. Highest venous disability score was in 1 i.e. 46 in group R, 42 in group C. Main outcomes after RFA and conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins. Theatre time was 80 mins in group R, 52 mins in group C, procedure time was 74 mins in group R, 46 mins in group C, pain in first week (VAS score) was 1.5 in group R, 3.5 in group C, duration of analgesia was 3 days in group R, 11 days in group C, in 4 days group R patients returned to normal activity, in 13 days group C patients returned to normal activity. Numbness/reduced sensation was followed up after 1 week and 6 week, in group R, 8 patients and in group C, 16 patients have shown numbness/reduced sensation after 1 week; 6 patients in group R and 14 patients in group C have shown numbness/reduced sensation after 6 weeks.Conclusions: This study concluded that compared to conventional surgery, RFA took longer time to perform but it gave better and significantly early outcome in patients with varicose veins.
Spinning Contingency Reserve: Economic Value and Demand Functions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Spinning contingency reserve is idle capacity connected to the system to ensure reliable operations in the case of equipment outages. The reserve has an economic value since it reduces the outage costs. In several electricity markets, reserve demand functions have been implemented to take into account the value of reserve in the market clearing process. These often take the form of a step-down function at the reserve requirement level, and as such they may not appropriately represent the reserve value. The value of spinning contingency reserve is impacted by the reliability and dynamic characteristics of system components, the system operation policies, and the economic aspects such as the risk preferences of the demand. In this paper, we take into account these aspects to approximate the reserve value and construct reserve demand functions. The results are obtained in closed form. Illustrative examples show that the demand functions constructed have similarities with those implemented in some markets.
Clinically important changes and adverse events with centre-based or home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the proportion of people who achieve minimal clinically important differences (MCID) with centre-based or home-based pulmonary rehabilitation and to synthesise data on adverse events. Methods: Cochrane reviews and electronic databases were searched to identify randomised trials comparing centre-based to home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, or either model to usual care, in people with chronic respiratory disease. Primary outcomes were the proportion of participants achieving MCIDs in exercise capacity and disease-specific quality of life. Secondary outcomes were symptoms and adverse events. Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 and GRADE were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence respectively. Results: Forty-nine trials were eligible. Compared to usual care, a higher proportion of pulmonary rehabilitation participants achieved the MCID for exercise capacity (6MWT: 47% vs 20%, p = 0.11), dyspnoea (43% vs 29%, p = 0.0001), fatigue (48% vs 27%, p = 0.0002) and emotional function (37% vs 25%, p = 0.02), with all of these between group differences statistically significant except for exercise capacity. There were no differences between centre-based and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in the proportion of participants who achieved MCIDs (34%- 58% across studies). Ninety percent of trials reported no adverse events. Certainty of evidence was low-to- moderate with all outcomes except for CRQ-mastery (centre-based vs home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, or pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care in COPD), ESWT (pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care in COPD) and 6MWT (pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care in bronchiectasis) where evidence was very uncertain. Discussion: Clinically meaningful outcomes are achieved by similar proportions of participants in centre-based and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, with few adverse events. Reporting of trial outcomes according to MCIDs is necessary for informed decision making regarding pulmonary rehabilitation models.
High-performance KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics for buzzer application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Piezoelectric ceramic materials are important components of piezoelectric buzzers, where the parameter of inverse piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ∗ ) plays a decisive role in the performance of the buzzer. Here, we report the manufacture and performance of a lead-free ceramic-based (0.96(K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.96 Sb 0.04 )O 3 –0.04(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )ZrO 3 –1 mol% Al 2 O 3 , abbreviated as KNNS-BNZ-1 mol% Al 2 O 3 ) piezoelectric buzzer and compare it with commercial (PbZr 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 , abbreviated as PZT) ceramics. Briefly, KNN-based ceramics have a typical perovskite structure and piezoelectric properties of d 33 = 480 pC/N, k p = 0.62 and d 33 ∗ = 830 pm/V, compared to d 33 = 500 pC/N, k p = 0.6 and d 33 ∗ = 918 pm/V of the commercial PZT-4 ceramics. Our results show that the KNNS-BNZ-1 mol% Al 2 O 3 ceramics have a similar sound pressure level performance over the testing frequency range to commercial PZT ceramics (which is even better in the 3–4 kHz range). These findings highlight the great application potential of KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics.
Host-dependent variation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of Sindbis virus glycoproteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We examined the Asn-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of the two envelope glycoproteins of Sindbis virus, E1 and E2. The analysis was done by separating tryptic glycopeptides by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and analyzing the oligosaccharides from isolated glycopeptides by gel filtration chromatography. Both E1 and E2 have two glycosylation sites each in virus grown in chick embryo fibroblasts, baby hamster kidney cells, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our results indicate that previously observed host-dependent variation in the oligosaccharides of Sindbis virus glycoproteins are probably attributable to differences in oligosaccharide composition at individual sites of E1 and E2 and not to differences in the frequency of glycosylation of these sites. One of the two glycosylation sites in E1 has exclusively complex type oligosaccharides regardless of the host cell type. However, the second glycosylation site in E1 has high mannose oligosaccharides in virus grown in chick embryo fibroblasts, complex oligosaccharides in virus from baby hamster kidney cells, and both complex and high mannose oligosaccharides in virus from Chinese hamster ovary cells. E2 has one glycosylation site which has primarily high mannose oligosaccharides and one site which has primarily complex type oligosaccharides. Certain sites which have predominantly complex type glycans also have a small number of two specific classes of oligosaccharides which are cleaved by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and may be high mannose type. Our findings are discussed with regard to regulation of oligosaccharide processing in animal cells.
Evaluation of metabolic parameters among health workers in terms of adherence to Mediterranean diet

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The certain occupational risk factors, such as physical and mental stress from working conditions and poor diet, make healthcare workers(HCWs) a vulnerable group for obesity and non-communicable diseases(diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc.). Adopting a healthy and sustainable diet is very important in terms of both health and environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic parameters among HCWs in terms of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which is shown to be a healthy and sustainable dietary model. Methods This cross-sectional study included 372 HCWs. The data collection tool consisted of the sociodemographic information of the participants, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale(MEDAS) questions, body mass index(BMI) and metabolic parameter information obtained retrospectively from hospital data. BMI≥30 kg/m2 and 25-29.9 kg/m2 were considered obese and overweight, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results 71% of the participants stated that they had not heard of the concept of ‘sustainable nutrition’ before. Of the HCWs who participated in the study, 65.3% were overweight or obese. It was found that 59.7% of the HCWs showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 39.5% showed moderate adherence. Men(p &lt; 0.001), those with high school education or less (p = 0.030) and those who did not think that they ate healthy(p = 0.001) had significantly lower compliance with the Mediterranean diet. BMI(p = 0.022) and HbA1c(p = 0.049) parameters were significantly lower and HDL parameter(p = 0.015) was higher in HCWs with moderate and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusions It was observed that the frequency of hearing the concept of ‘sustainable nutrition’ and compliance with the Mediterranean diet was low among healthcare professionals. Also, it was found that the frequency of obesity, dyslipidemia, and high diabetes-related parameters were increased in those with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Key messages • National, EU and global policies should be developed to increase compliance with healthy and sustainable diets among health workers who play a key role in the provision of quality healthcare services. • Plans and programs to increase adherence to Mediterranean-type dietary patterns will bring significant increased health benefits related to non-communicable diseases and its risk factors.
Parametric study of standard RHS double chord K-joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An ultimate strength theory is developed for double chord rectangular hollow section (RHS) K-joints that accounts for both perfectly plastic and strain hardening material characteristics. The parameters that are investigated are chord depth–width ratio, eccentricity, chord preloading, and diagonal–chord angle. Interaction curves are presented that relate the diagonal and chord axial forces for different combinations of the parameters. It is shown that joints may suffer significant reductions in strength with an increase in eccentricity for the case when shear capacity of the chord's webs does not govern overall strength.Various detailing alternatives are investigated to improve joint capacity for prescribed weldment lengths. These include altering the diagonal–chord angle and the chord depth–width ratio.
A Scalable Isolated Gate Driver With Programmable Frequency and Duty Cycle for Series-Connected SiC MOSFETs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To enhance the voltage-handling capability of a switch, the series connection of switching devices is a cost-effective method that preserves many advantages of mature low-voltage devices. Dynamic voltage imbalance and electrical isolation for the devices at the high voltage (HV) side are two important challenges associated with series connection topology. Transformer-coupled gate drivers are excellent for providing both dynamic voltage balance and high galvanic isolation. However, they can only provide the switching function at the transformer pulse frequency. To generate complex waveforms of future power-electronics-dominated grids, a switch with user-defined turn-on/off timing is required for testing grid assets under high-voltage conditions. This article presents a simple, cost-effective open-loop gate driver that overcomes this limitation by introducing two sets of complementary pulse transformers to initialize programmable frequency and duty cycle. Successful experimental verification of the series-connected SiC mosfets prototype is performed at 3.2 kV at various frequencies and duty cycles. The article also demonstrates that the measurement probes placed across series-connected mosfets significantly affect the voltage distribution and validate a compensation mechanism.
Pengaruh Edukasi Tentang Diare Dengan Menggunakan Media Leaflet Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Dalam Pencegahan Diare Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background : Diarrhea is the frequency of defecating more than 3 times a day within 24 hours with a liquid consistency. Diarrhea disease is still one of the important public health problems because it is the main contributor to the three morbidity and mortality rates for children after pneumonia in various countries, especially in developing countries, one of the developing countries is Indonesia. Goals : The purpose of this study was to know the effect of education on the level of mother’s knowledge in preventing of diarrhea in children at Wonoasih Public Health Center, Probolinggo City. Research methods : The design of this study uses Quasy-Experimental with a pretest-posttest with Control Group approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a total sample of 30 intervention groups and 30 control groups using a total sampling technique. Results : The results of the analysis that have been carried out using the wilcoxon test showed differences in the level of knowledge before and after in the intervention and control groups showed a significant value 0,001 (p<0,05) Ha accepted means that there is an effect of education about diarrhea using leaflet media on the level of mother’s knowledge in preventing of diarrhea in children at Wonoasih Public Health Center, Probolinggo City. Conclusion : There is the influence of the before and after is done to knowledge education mother. Keywords : Diarrhea, Education, Knowledge
Data from: Expression of eukaryotic-like protein in the microbiome of sponges

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic-like proteins (ELPs) are classes of proteins that are found in prokaryotes, but have a likely evolutionary origin in eukaryotes. ELPs have been postulated to mediate host-microbiome interactions. Recent work has discovered that prokaryotic symbionts of sponges contain abundant and diverse genes for ELPs, which could modulate interactions with their filter-feeding and phagocytic host. However, the extent to which these ELP genes are actually used and expressed by the symbionts is poorly understood. Here we use metatranscriptomics to investigate ELP expression in the microbiomes of three different sponges (Cymbastella concentrica, Scopalina sp. and Tedania anhelens). We developed a workflow with optimized rRNA removal and in silico subtraction of host sequences to obtain a reliable symbiont metatranscriptome. This showed that between 1.3 and 2.3% of all symbiont transcripts contain genes for ELPs. Two classes of ELPs (cadherin and tetratricopetide repeats) were abundantly expressed by in the C. concentrica and Scopalina sp. microbiomes, while ankyrin repeat ELPs were predominant in the T. anhelens metatranscriptome. Comparison to non-ELP containing transcripts indicated a constitutive expression of ELPs across a range of bacterial and archaeal symbionts. Expressed ELPs also contained domains involved in protein secretion and/or were co-expressed with proteins involved in extra-cellular transport. This suggests these ELPs are likely exported, which could allow for direct interaction with the sponge. Our study shows that ELP genes in sponge symbionts represent actively expressed functions that could mediate molecular interaction between symbiosis partners.