jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interaction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) with megakaryocytopoiesis and demonstration of FGF receptor expression in megakaryocytes and megakaryocytic-like cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have investigated the interaction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) with megakaryocytopoiesis. Acidic FGF (aFGF) stimulated the proliferation of murine megakaryocytes and human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations of aFGF required to elicit half-maximum and maximum effects were similar for HEL and megakaryocytic colony formation. The effect of aFGF was comparable to that of basic FGF (bFGF) in both cell types. The effect of both FGFs was found to be synergistic with interleukin-3 (IL-3), and was abrogated by a monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody. A specific cell surface receptor complex of approximately 120 Kd was detected for FGF by crosslinking experiments on HEL cells and total bone marrow (BM) cells. Single-cell autoradiography of megakaryocytes in BM smears and BM cultures showed binding sites for 125I-aFGF. Northern blot analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from total BM and HEL cells showed a 4.4-kb mRNA specific for FGF receptors type 1 (flg) and type 2 (bek). This was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, which also showed the presence of FGF receptor mRNA in megakaryocytic-like cells, normal megakaryocytes, and platelets. Together, these results indicate that FGF is involved in megakaryocytopoiesis and suggest that this interaction may be mediated via FGF receptor type 1 and type 2 located on the megakaryocytic lineage or on accessory cells responsible for the release of megakaryocytic growth-promoting activities.
Automatically checking feature model refactorings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: A feature model (FM) defines the valid combinations of features, whose combinations correspond to a program in a Software Product Line (SPL). FMs may evolve, for instance, during refactoring activities. Developers may use a catalog of refactorings as support. However, the catalog is incomplete in principle. Additionally, it is non-trivial to propose correct refactorings. To our knowledge, no previous analysis technique for FMs is used for checking properties of general FM refactorings (a trans-formation that can be applied to a number of FMs) containing a representative number of features. We propose an efficient encoding of FMs in the Alloy formal specification language. Based on this encoding, we show how the Alloy Analyzer tool, which per-forms analysis on Alloy models, can be used to automatically check whether encoded general and specific FM refactorings are correct. Our approach can analyze general transformations automatically to a significant scale in a few seconds. In order to evalu-ate the analysis performance of our encoding, we evaluated in automatically generated FMs ranging from 500 to 2,000 features. Furthermore, we analyze the soundness of general transformations.
Improving robust indicators of sliding modes based on decomposition

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The sliding mode control system based on the decomposition principle is divided into two parts: a sliding mode generation subsystem and a robust subsystem with large gain factor. Increasing the gain factor without loss of stability makes it possible to suppress the total uncertainty of the general form to an arbitrarily small value. This feature allows the system to move along a given trajectory without self-tuning of the sliding mode. Qualitative analysis on Simulink showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Keywords sliding mode, decomposition, uncertainty, navigator, robust control, Simulink
The effect of spherical nanoparticles on rheological properties of bi-dispersed magnetorheological fluids

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present investigation, the rheological properties of bi-dispersed magnetorheological (MR) fluid based on Fe3O4 nanosphere and microsphere of iron particles are experimentally investigated. The MR fluid is prepared by substituting nanosphere of 40nm Fe3O4 particles in MR fluids having microsphere iron particles (7-8 μm). Three different weight fractions (0%, 1% and 3%) of nanosphere-microsphere MR fluids are synthesized. In the absence of the magnetic field, substitution of magnetic nanosphere decreases the viscosity lower than without substituted sample at high as well as low shear rate. Upon the application of the magnetic field, the particles align along the direction of the field, which promotes the yield stress. Here too the yield stress value decreases with magnetic nanosphere substitution. This behaviour is explain based on the inter-particle interaction as well as formation of nanosphere cloud around the magnetic microsphere, which effectively reduces the viscosity and works as weak point when chains are formed. Variation of dynamic yield stress with magnetic field is explained using microscopic model. In any event such fluid does not sediment and is not abrasive so it could be useful if not too high yield stress is needed.
ImGAGN:Imbalanced Network Embedding via Generative Adversarial Graph Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Imbalanced classification on graphs is ubiquitous yet challenging in many real-world applications, such as fraudulent node detection. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promising performance on many network analysis tasks. However, most existing GNNs have almost exclusively focused on the balanced networks, and would get unappealing performance on the imbalanced networks. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we present a generative adversarial graph network model, called ImGAGN to address the imbalanced classification problem on graphs. It introduces a novel generator for graph structure data, named GraphGenerator, which can simulate both the minority class nodes' attribute distribution and network topological structure distribution by generating a set of synthetic minority nodes such that the number of nodes in different classes can be balanced. Then a graph convolutional network (GCN) discriminator is trained to discriminate between real nodes and fake (i.e., generated) nodes, and also between minority nodes and majority nodes on the synthetic balanced network. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on four real-world imbalanced network datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method ImGAGN outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms for semi-supervised imbalanced node classification task.
Psychometric Properties of Turkish Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory in a Clinical Adolescent Sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract

PURPOSE: Orthorexic tendencies are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents This study set out to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) in a clinical adolescent sample. METHODS: 266 adolescents aged 12-18 years, who applied to the Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry were included in the study. Participants completed sociodemographic data form, Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI), Eating Attitude Test, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version and ORTO-15 scales. RESULTS: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the ONI reached 0.92, indicating very good internal consistency. Total factor scores and Cronbach alpha values for behaviors, impairments, and emotions were found to be 0.84, 0.84, and 0.83, respectively. The CFA performed supported the three-factor structure of the ONI obtained in the first sample. The minimum discrepancy per degree of freedom = 1.89 and the model generally fit well to the structure (RMSEA = 0.058, SRMR = 0.033, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91). DISCUSSION: This study has shown that the Turkish version of the ONI is a valid and reliable scale for specifying the tendency for Orthorexia Nervosa in a Turkish adolescent population. These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of orthorexic tendencies and provide a basis for more concrete research data that can be obtained by using the ONI, which is a reliable scale in studies to be conducted among adolescents. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Fluorescence-activated cell analysis and sorting of viable mammalian cells based on beta-D-galactosidase activity after transduction of Escherichia coli lacZ.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We demonstrate that individual cells infected with and expressing a recombinant retrovirus carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) can be viably stained, analyzed, sorted, and cloned by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on the levels of lacZ expressed. To accomplish this we have devised a method to enzymatically generate and maintain fluorescence in live mammalian cells. Accumulation of fluorescent products in cells is linear with time, with a direct correlation of fluorescence to enzymatic activity. This technology for beta-galactosidase detection is more sensitive than other available cytochemical or biochemical methods. We have used this procedure to show that the expression of psi-2-MMuLVSVnlsLacZ in the T-cell lymphoma BW5147 and the B-cell hybridoma SP2/0 is not completely stable and that subclones selected by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter for low lacZ activity demonstrate distinctly lower average expression of LacZ. These findings indicate the utility of beta-galactosidase as a reporter molecule at the single-cell level for studies of gene regulation, including studies of promoter efficacy, enhancer activity, trans-acting factors, and other regulatory elements.
The employment impact of Poland’s special economic zones policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In 1994, Poland launched a special economic zones experiment to maintain employment structures outside the major cities. Using difference-in-difference estimations, this paper evaluates whether the policy has been successful in its primary objective, which is to sustain employment in gminas (communes) more likely to be negatively affected by the economic transition. A significant and positive effect of the policy on employment is documented, but with some negative spillovers at the policy level as zones start to spread rapidly. Accounting for covariates, timing, policy spillovers and reducing imbalance through matching, the average treatment effect for employment is estimated to be 60%.
Effect of Gold Addition on Electrical and Optical Properties of NiO Films by Rf Sputtering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The NiO-Au composite films with Au contents of 0 to 33.7 at.% are deposited on glass substrates. The high electrical resistivity (ρ) of Au-doped NiO films with Au contents below 1.0 at.% is difficlut to measure by four point probe. The ρ value could be reduced to 30.4 Ω-cm as Au content of 1.4 at.% is added into NiO film. It is reduced significantly to 0.375 Ω-cm as Au content is increased to 13.6 at.%. Further increasing the Au content to 33.7 at.%, the ρ value of NiO film is further decreased to 4 x 10-4 Ω-cm. On the other hand, the transmittance of Au doped NiO films also decreases with increasing Au contents. The transmittance for pure NiO film is as high as 96 %. As the Au contents of 1.4, 13.6, and 33.7 % are added into NiO film, they are decreased drastically to 45 %, 20 %, and 9 % respectively. The XRD patterns of Au-doped NiO films with Au content below 9.6 at.% only appear NiO peaks and their (200) peaks shift slightly to low angle as Au content is increased. When Au content is added to above 9.6 at.%, the NiO crystalline become worse. In addition, further increasing the Au content to above 13.6 at.%, the (111) peak of Au also appears in XRD patterns. This indicating that the Au atoms instead of part of Ni atoms results in the enlargement of NiO lattice for Au-doped NiO film with lower Au contents, but large amount of Au atoms are precipitated from the NiO lattice when the content of Au in the NiO film is increased to above 13.6 at.%.
Widening the gap? Unintended consequences of health promotion measures for young people during COVID-19 lockdown

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, global measures preventing the spread of the new coronavirus required most of the population to lockdown at home. This sudden halt to collective life meant that non-essential services were closed and many health promoting activities (i.e. physical activity, school) were stopped in their tracks. To curb the negative health impacts of lockdown measures, activities adapting to this new reality were urgently developed. One form of activity promoted indoor physical activity to prevent the adverse physical and psychological effects of the lockdown. Another form of activity included the rapid development of online learning tools to keep children and youth engaged academically while not attending school. While these health promoting efforts were meant to benefit the general population, we argue that these interventions may have unintended consequences and inadvertently increase health inequalities affecting marginalized youth in particular, as they may not reap the same benefits, both social and physical, from the interventions promoting at-home physical activities or distance learning measures. We elaborate on several interventions and their possible unintended consequences for marginalized youth and suggest several strategies that may mitigate their impact.
Pancreas preserving duodenectomy for duodenal polyposis in familial adenomatous polyposis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Duodenal polyposis is common in familial adenomatous polyposis with a significant associated lifetime risk of cancer. Screening and regular surveillance is recommended, guided by the Spigelman stage. Pancreas preserving duodenectomy (PPD) is the preferred operation in patients needing removal of the whole duodenum. This presentation demonstrates the technique of PPD with particular emphasis on the resection and ampullary reconstruction. Initial early feeding tube placement through the cystic duct stump into the duodenum enables identification of the papilla and pancreatic duct as well as subsequent dissection. Separate trans-anastomotic pancreatic and biliary stents facilitate creation and patency of the pancreato-biliary anastomosis. The operation has similar outcomes compared to pancreaticoduodenectomy, however, the anatomical reconstruction allows for postoperative surveillance.
Synthesis of axially di- and peripherally tetra-(4-{[(1E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]amino}phenoxy) group substituted metallophthalocyanines and their electrochemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the new phthalonitrile derivative, axially di- and peripherally tetra-(4-{[(1E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]amino}phenoxy) group substituted metallophthalocyanines have been synthesized and characterized. Then electrochemical measurements of axially di- and peripherally tetra-(4-{[(1E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]amino}phenoxy) group substituted metallophthalocyanines were investigated with cyclic voltammogram (CV) technique. Phthalocyanine ring based redox processes are recorded owing to the redox inactivity of the Si4+, Cu2+ central cation of NP2-Si, NP2-Cu. NP2-Mn demonstrated both metal-based and Pc ring-based reduction processes, in contrast to NP2-Si and NP2-Cu.
The Right to Strike in Contemporary Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents different approaches to the right to strike as part of another right (the right to association, the right to labor disputes, the right to collective action). The objectives of the strike, stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and proposed by the Committee on Freedom of Association of the International Labor Organization are compared. The cases in which it is expedient to simplify the procedure for conducting a strike are highlighted and justified: 1) non-fulfillment by the employer of a collective agreement; 2) non-fulfillment by the employer of agreements reached by the parties to a collective labor dispute; 3) non-fulfillment by the employer of a labor arbitration decision.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced or metastatic mucosal melanoma: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy offers minor benefit to patients with mucosal melanoma (MM). Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the preferred approach in patients with advanced or metastatic cutaneous melanoma, the evidence of their clinical use for MM is still limited. This systematic review aims to summarize the efficacy and safety of ICIs in advanced or metastatic MM. Methods: We searched electronic databases, conference abstracts, clinical trial registers and reference lists for relevant studies. The primary outcomes included the overall response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), one-year PFS rate, and one-year OS rate. Results: This review identified 13 studies assessing anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy, 22 studies assessing anti-PD-1 monotherapy, two studies assessing anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 combination therapy, one study assessing anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with axitinib, and three studies assessing anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with radiotherapy. For most patients who received ipilimumab monotherapy, the ORR ranged from 0% to 17%, the median PFS was less than 5 months, and the median OS was less than 10 months. For patients who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy, most studies showed an ORR of more than 15% and a median OS of more than 11 months. The combined administration of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 agents showed benefits over single-agent therapy with an ORR of more than 33.3%. In a phase Ib trial of toripalimab in combination with axitinib, approximately half of patients had complete or partial responses. Three retrospective studies that investigated anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with radiotherapy showed an ORR of more than 50%, which was higher than each single modality treatment. Conclusions: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies alone and in combination with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies or other modalities, are promising treatment options for advanced or metastatic MM. However, high-level evidence is still needed to support the clinical application.
Punching Shear Design Method of Voided Slabs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study presents punching shear design method of voided slab in accordance with arrangement of voids around columns. According to previous studies, the slab-column connection of voided slabs is weaker than that of the solid slab due to the lack of cross-sectional area of concrete by voids. In this study, it is assumed that the arrangement of voids exert influence on the punching shear strength of voided slabs. To verify the assumption, finite element analysis was conducted related with previous test results. The variable of FE analysis was a distance between voids and column face. Based on FE analysis and test results including previous studies, punching shear design method is suggested which can consider the arrangement of voids around columns. The suggested design method is based on the punching shear design method in ACI-318. As a result, it can predict the punching shear strength of voided slabs according to arrangement of voids around column.
Digital Systems Design Using VHDL

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

From the Publisher:
Written for an advanced-level course in digital systems design, DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN USING VHDL integrates the use of the industry-standard hardware description language VHDL into the digital design process. Following a review of basic concepts of logic design in Chapter 1, the author introduces the basics of VHDL in Chapter 2, and then incorporates more coverage of VHDL topics as needed, with advanced topics covered in Chapter 8. Rather than simply teach VHDL as a programming language, this book emphasizes the practical use of VHDL in the digital design process. For example, in Chapter 9, the author develops VHDL models for a RAM memory and a microprocessor bus interface; he then uses a VHDL simulation to verify that timing specifications for the interface between the memory and microprocessor bus are satisfied. The book also covers the use of CAD tools to synthesize digital logic from a VHDL description (in Chapter 8), and stresses the use of programmable logic devices, including programmable gate arrays. Chapter 10 introduces methods for testing digital systems including boundary scan and a built-in self-test.
A Single-Inductor Multi-Input Multilevel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter Based on Switched-Diode-Capacitor Cells for PV Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a single-inductor multi-input multilevel high gain dc–dc converter, which is suitable for exploiting arbitrary number of PV arrays to provide fixed voltage levels for multilevel inverters. The converter is capable of transferring power from each input to the output, at the same time. Additionally, the proposed structure provides outputs with same voltage levels that makes it appropriate for connecting to multilevel inverters. Due to the deployment of diode-capacitor cells, which have been extended from both nodes of the central capacitor, the output voltage ripple has been decreased, which leads to the employment of capacitors with smaller size. Also, the number of inputs and outputs can be chosen arbitrarily. In addition, because of the utilizing only one inductor, the cost, and total size of the converter has been reduced. The control approach of the converter is pulsewidth modulation and all switches can be turned on or off , simultaneously. The theoretical analysis and gain calculations of the converter has been investigated in this article. In order to design the converter, the voltage ripple across each capacitor has been calculated. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison has been performed between the proposed converter and counterparts. Finally, a dual-input three-level prototype of the proposed converter with 300 W output power has been implemented to confirm the validity of the converter's performance.
Development of Integrase-Like Catalytic Antibodies for Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : This project aims to develop catalytic antibodies that will allow efficient DNA transfer by promoting DNA site-specific recombination. Such antibodies may provide a very powerful means to manipulate DNA transfer at defined sequences with obvious implications for gene therapy of breast cancer. In order to engineer enzymes that catalyze the recombination, we immunized mice with a synthetic DNA Holiday structure and screened over 5,000 hybridomas. We had candidate clones that seemed to either resolve or bind to the structure in primary screenings. Unfortunately we have not been able to isolate clones that possess the properties after expansion and purification. For constructing fab expression library we encountered difficulties in amplifying Fab cDNA from immunized mouse splenic mRNA. We have made a few primary libraries. We are in the beginning of screening the libraries for the Fabs that resolve the structure. This is a very technical and labor challenging project. I feel that our resources are limited to successfully complete the project. Successful completion of this project will provide a new technology of DNA transfer for both biomedical research and therapeutic purposes.