jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of a tunable spectrometer based on difference frequency generation in AgGaS 2 for line-broadening experiments on NO in the 5-μm region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The application of nonlinear crystals which enable the difference frequency generation (DFG) of two input lasers is a promising tool for light sources in the mid-infrared spectral region beside the well known lead salt diode laser and sideband CO- and CO2-lasers. We present a high resolution spectrometer based on the DFG in the nonlinear crystal AgGaS2 applying an AlGaAs index-guided single mode diode laser and a ring dye laser as pump sources. With an input power of only 5 mW (diode laser) and 150 mW (dye laser) by applying non-critical type I 90 degree phase matching, it was possible to achieve an infrared output power of 15 nW. Applying diode lasers in the wavelength region between 770 nm and 785 nm and a dye laser with DCM the wavenumber range from 1920 cm-1 to 2020 cm-1 could be covered. The typical phase-matching bandwidth was about 1 cm-1. Thus it was possible to measure several NO (Lambda) -doublets. For the doublet 2II3/2R(25.5) the line broadening for collisions with NO, N2, He, Ne, Ar, and Kr was investigated. The values for the self- and air broadening of this doublet, not studied previously, are smaller than those measured for lines with smaller quantum number. This corresponds to the known tendency that the broadening coefficient decreases with increasing quantum number.
Forest of Pennsylvania, 2015

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This resource update provides an overview of the forest resources in Pennsylvania based on inventories conducted by the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the Northern Research Station (NRS). Estimates are based on field data collected using the FIA annualized sample design and are updated yearly1(see footnote 1, page 2). Information about the national and regional FIA program is available online at http://fia.fs.fed.us. Since 2000, FIA has implemented an annual inventory in Pennsylvania. For the 2015 inventory, estimates for current variables, such as area, volume, and biomass, are based on 4,550 (3,036 forested) plot samples collected from 2010-2015. Change variables, such as net growth, removals, and mortality, are based on 4,178 samples collected in 2005-2010 and in 2010-2015. Estimates from earlier annual and periodic inventories are shown for comparison. See Bechtoldand Patterson (2005) and O'Connell et al. (2014) for definitions and technical details.
An adaptive signal parameter estimation technique using quadratic polynomial signal model and Least square techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new modified approach using Least square algorithm associated with a ridge regression factor and Taylor expansion for estimation of fundamental frequency and phasor of the fundamental frequency component with time varying envelope. The signal considered comprises of decaying dc component and fundamental frequency component which are expressed in terms of Taylor coefficients upto second order. The modified Least square technique is then used to estimate the Taylor coefficients using which the time varying amplitude, phase, fundamental frequency and dc component can be accurately evaluated. This approach shows excellent tracking capability of the signal parameters of a time variant sinusoidal signal even under extreme noise conditions with low SNR value.
Self as future: vocational life-narratives and identity exploration in adolescence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we analyze the structuring role played by the subjective construction of future life-scenarios and storied self-images in the process of identity formation and vocational defi nition during adolescence.Our empirical data consist mainly of autobiographical narratives and oral discussion of moral and religious dilemmas collected through an adapted version of Dan P. McAdams Life Story Interview from a cross-sectional sample of 31 Portuguese adolescents.In addition to the narrative interview, the participants were invited to imagine and further elaborate on their desired future lives, thus describing and illustrating their conception of "good life" (or optimal psychosocial functioning).The results show that vocational and identity achievement motivation relies strongly on the dialectic and dialogical tension between contrasting grammars of prospective stories that enact the most likely possible selves and the most desirable selves or "imagined best selves".The mindscape of perceived or constructed future selfhood gives structure and dynamism to the subjects' self-exploration initiatives and supports the hypothesis that the meaningful activity of self-futuring is the master cognitive and emotional process in the generation of psychological time, existential direction and personal unity.
Causal effects of lung function on brain cortical structure and subcortical structure: a two-sample univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Lung function has been increasingly linked to overall health, including brain health, prompting the investigation into the causal relationships between lung function and brain structures. This study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore these causal relationships, leveraging genetic variants as proxies to predict the effects of lung function on brain cortical and subcortical structures. Methods We conducted univariate and multivariable MR analyses using GWAS summary statistics for lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) and brain structures from the UK Biobank and ENIGMA consortium. Our analyses included five MR methods—IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode—to ensure robust causal inference. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounders like smoking and education. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the stability of our results, and we applied FDR correction for multiple comparisons. Results The univariate MR analysis revealed significant associations between lung function and brain structures. Higher FEV1 was associated with increased global cortical volume (β = 4428.037, SE = 610.453, p < 0.0001) and supramarginal thickness (β = 43.613, SE = 13.218, p = 0.001). FVC was similarly associated with increased global cortical volume (β = 3650.674, SE = 576.736, p < 0.0001) and parsopercularis thickness (β = 0.013, SE = 0.003, p < 0.0001). Multivariable MR confirmed these associations, even after adjusting for smoking and education. Significant associations persisted in subcortical regions, with higher FEV1 and FVC linked to increased brainstem volume (FEV1: β = 0.226, SE = 0.049, p < 0.0001; FVC: β = 0.203, SE = 0.044, p < 0.0001) and amygdala volume for FEV1/FVC (β = 0.075, SE = 0.025, p = 0.003). Sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses indicated no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, confirming the robustness of the results. Conclusion Our study provides robust evidence of a causal relationship between lung function and brain structure, emphasizing the protective effects of better respiratory health on brain integrity. However, the reliance on European GWAS data limits generalizability, and some associations did not survive stringent correction. Future research should incorporate diverse populations and explore underlying mechanisms to validate and extend these findings.
Pengembangan Model Pendidikan Karakter Komunitas Anak Jalanan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study tries to unravel the problems of street children related to character building, especially in the aspects of personal and social skills. So we need a model of character education that is considered suitable to be implemented in street children. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research methods. The results of this study conclude that, Among the character education models that can be implemented on street children are problem-based learning models, emphasizing more on the application of problem solving methods or problem solving which by John Dewey consists of six learning steps as follows: 1) formulating problems; 2) analyze the problem; 3) formulate hypotheses; 4) collect data; 5) hypothesis testing; and 6) formulate problem solving recommendations.
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of foam-mat drying for producing banana powder as influenced by foam thickness

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The high surface-to-volume ratio and porosity of foam during foam-mat drying shorten the drying process and improve dried powder quality. Therefore, foam-mat drying has caught the attention of researchers as an effective method in sticky, heat sensitive, and viscous food biomaterials that are not easy to dry with other techniques. This research sought to explore the impact of different foam thicknesses, i.e., 3, 5, and 7 mm, on quantitative and qualitative features of unripe banana powder both experimentally and numerically. An increase in foam thickness enhanced the effective moisture diffusion coefficient by 64.69% and decreased the drying rate by 52.63%. The increase also lowered powder flowability, browning index, and total color difference. According to field-emission scanning electron microscopy, an increase in the foam thickness increased the shrinkage and stickiness of the powders. The thermal response of the powders examined by differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated maximizing the glass transition temperature at 59.75 ˚C with foam thickness of 5 mm. Comparing simulated and experimental data showed a 0.880 correlation coefficient, which confirmed the consistency between experiments and simulations. Results of this study may be used in industrial applications to design a foam-mat drying process for producing quality powder biomaterials.
Making Natural Products Supernatural

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVThe HubNEXTMaking Natural Products SupernaturalAdvances have made modifying natural products possible, but chemists have just scratched the surface.Alla KatsnelsonAlla KatsnelsonMore by Alla KatsnelsonCite this: ACS Cent. Sci. 2024, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):May 14, 2024Publication History Published online14 May 2024https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00695https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00695newsACS Publications© 2024 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0. License Summary*You are free to share (copy and redistribute) this article in any medium or format and to adapt (remix, transform, and build upon) the material for any purpose, even commercially within the parameters below:Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license.Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator.View full license*DisclaimerThis summary highlights only some of the key features and terms of the actual license. It is not a license and has no legal value. Carefully review the actual license before using these materials. This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Bacteria,Chemical structure,Molecules,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Dynamical correlation between quantum entanglement and intramolecular energy in molecular vibrations: An algebraic approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The dynamical correlation between quantum entanglement and intramolecular energy in realistic molecular vibrations is explored using the Lie algebraic approach. The explicit expression of entanglement measurement can be achieved using algebraic operations. The common and different characteristics of dynamical entanglement in different molecular vibrations are also provided. The dynamical study of quantum entanglement and intramolecular energy in small molecular vibrations can be helpful for controlling the entanglement and further understanding the intramolecular dynamics.
Dilated angiopathy: a specific subtype of allograft coronary artery disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dilated coronary angiopathy exceeding the diameter of adjacent vessel segments by at least 50% was found in five of 68 heart transplant recipients undergoing coronary angiography greater than or equal to 1 year after heart transplantation. Severely delayed washout of the contrast medium from the dilated segments indicated local stasis. Dilated angiopathy was not combined with tubular narrowing of distal vessel segments or with focal eccentric lesions of the same artery. On the average, hemodynamic data were normal except in one patient. Signs of myocardial ischemia were not present on ECG and treadmill exercise testing. Age of the donor heart, ischemia time of the graft, prevalence of myocardial rejection episodes, cyclosporine dosage, and cholesterol serum levels did not differ from the whole group. We conclude that dilated angiopathy of the allograft is a specific subtype of the immune-mediated chronic vascular injury after heart transplantation that has not been described. The pathogenetic mechanisms for these findings are unknown. Although prognosis seems to be better in comparison with the other subtypes of allograft coronary artery disease, the patients may be at risk of embolic myocardial ischemia with progression of the disease.
Essays on program evaluation methods with applications on the economic costs of conflict

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis studies the economic cost of armed conflict using treatment effect methodology. It initially focuses on obtaining an updated measure of the average effect of armed conflict. I first estimate the probability of a given country engaging in an armed conflict at each time period, i.e. the propensity score. I then use this propensity score estimation to estimate the average treatment effect on of conflict on those countries that experienced an armed conflict episode, by combining regression-adjustment and propensity score weighting tools. I find that the average annual effect of conflict is around 7% of real GDP per capita. This result seems robust to different model specifications. I also show that the model is an unrestricted version of the seminal model presented by Collier (1999).I continue by measuring the economic cost of conflict from another angle: an application of the synthetic control method (Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003). I apply the synthetic control method to as many armed conflicts as possible (from the 1950s until 2010) in order to obtain a distribution of the effect of conflict both on real GDP per capita and Investment. This distribution is stratified by type of conflict, intensity, and continent. Results show that the effect of conflict is very heterogeneous even when accounting for those three characteristics, and that average effect measures are consequently not very representative of the whole issue. I also consider another program evaluation method, the panel data approach by Hsiao et al (2012), which can also be applied to measure the cost of a specific conflict; and see how it compares to the synthetic control approach. I begin this section with an empirical application, and confirm that each method gives a different measure of the effect of this intervention. In order to explain this difference, I then carry out a simulation. I find that the synthetic control method results in a higher Mean Squared Error and a lower bias than the panel data approach on average, though the results vary depending on the parameter considered. Furthermore, the estimated effect appears to be sensitive to a change in the donor pool in the case of the Panel Data approach. This paper also proposes a modification of the panel data approach method, allowing a more automatic selection of the controls used to build the counterfactual. I finalize the dissertation with a statistical software to aid other researchers in the application of the panel data approach.
Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Senecio Extract and Determination the Content of Total Flavonoids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose : To study the antioxidant activity of senecio extract and the volume of flavonoid extraction. Methods : Throughthephenanthroline-Fe2 +/ H2O2systemspectrophotometry and light riboflavin spectrophotometry,the rate of the extraction for the hydroxylradical (OH) and superoxide radical(.O2)clearance was determined to examine the antioxidation of senecio extract . Through the NaNO2-Al NO3color andrutincontrol spectrophotometryinalkaline conditions ,the content of total flavonoids extract was determined.Results :Theexperi mental results showed that the senecio extract had a strong effect onthe removal of superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical ,in whichwater extract is better for the antioxidant activity of the removal of superoxide radical and alcohol extract is better for the removal ofhydroxyl radical . The volume of the total flavonoids extract was that the water extract was higher thanthe alcohol extract ,upto 31 .15mg/g.Conclusion: The senecio extract has a strong antioxidant activity and a higher content of flavonoids .
Freedom Park and Postcolonial Monumentality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Launched in 2001 by Thabo Mbeki as a presidential memorial project, Freedom Park was originally conceived as an authentic African and postcolonial monument based on the values of humanism and freedom and dedicated to the victims of conflict during the colonial epoch in South Africa. This conception was subsequently expanded to embrace the entire natural, social, political and cultural history of South Africa from the emergence of rudimentary organic cells some 3.6 billion years ago, through the emergence of modern humans rights and up to the present by positing the country as a place of origins. This article draws on the genealogical ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault as well on Frantz Fanon's theory of the role national culture in anti-colonial struggles and Steve Biko's conception of African culture and humanism to critically examine the monumental, antiquarian and critical uses of history in the construction of post-Apartheid public memorials and national monuments as manifest in Freedom Park.
Role of Treponema Reiter in Modern Serology of Syphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wassermann and Ficker (1922) succeeded in isolating seven virulent strains of Treponema pallidum from the serum from eighty to ninety primary chancres.One strain, B:,, was kept and * For instance, Gelperin (1951) was unable to protect rabbits against syphilis by immunization with Reiter's spirochaetae.
Structural investigations of polymer liquid‐crystalline solutions: Aromatic polyamides, hydroxy propyl cellulose, and poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A comparative structural investigation of the characteristics of polymer liquid‐crystalline solutions including Kevlar® (PPD‐T)/sulfuric acid, poly(Cl‐ p ‐phenylene terephthalamide) (Cl‐PPD‐T)/sulfuric acid, poly(γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate) (PγBLG)/dioxane, and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)/water was undertaken. Experimental procedures included polarized light microscopy, light scattering, absorption spectra, and x‐ray diffraction on solutions at various concentrations and temperatures. Both the two‐phase region at the onset of liquid‐crystal formation and the wholly anisotropic phase were investigated. Each solution exhibited distinctive characteristics. The PPD‐T and Cl‐PPD‐T solutions were nematic, and the PγBLG and HPC solutions were cholesteric. In the two‐phase region the PPD‐T, Cl‐PPD‐T, and PγBLG (but apparently not the HPC) exhibited negatively birefringent spherulites and aggregates of spherulites. The HPC solutions only exhibited spherulitic structures in the single‐phase anisotropic system. The structures and orientations in the anisotropic phase for the various polymer solutions is considered. The helicoidal structural characteristics of the PγBLG and HPC solutions are contrasted.
Social Media Metrics Analytics: Study on B2C Fan pages

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

One of the most prominent way of connecting with customers via Social Networking Sites (SNS) is to generate a brand
page in Facebook (called fan page) containing products contents and publish regularly postings on these pages. Customers will respond differently to these postings. In determining the efficiency of social networking sites, marketers are analyzing metrics to calculate the engagement rate (e.g. number of comments/share and likings in fan pages). The study applied Pseudo-theories and analyzed a total 3543 brand posts from 19 of the most popular B2C (Business to Consumer) fan pages of Malaysia. 12 months' worth of data (From September 2015- August 2016) were collected for analyses, which were available online from the Brand's fan pages. The Fan-page content was analyzed using Netnography and Cross Section Regression of the EVlEWS 9 software for its impact on multiple contents upon user's engagement actions. The study explored the descriptive statistics of online user's engagement actions, or PTA (People Talking About) metrics, and the findings specifY that the diversity of diflerent posts influences the number of comments, likes, and the number of shares differently. Our research explored the fact that not all contents are suitable for enhancing the number of likes, they increase the number of shares and comments, and vice versa. The findings of the study will allow e-marketers to update informational analyses upon the effectiveness of the posted contents and descriptive idea on users' preferred actions.