jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Doubly‐Linked Proteracacinidin Analogue from Acacia caffra.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Marija Pavelić: The invisible Female Leader of the Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Independent State of Croatia was established in 1941 with the help of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy after the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was destroyed and divided by the Axis powers. As an anti-Yugoslavian, anti-Communist and anti-Semitic organisation, the ustasha displayed very strong tendencies towards National Socialist and fascist ideology, incorporated it and implemented it as legislation. The dispossession and annihilation of Serbs, Jews, Roma and resistance fighters were the consequences of the totalitarian state that was headed by the ustasha cult figure Dr. Ante Pavelic. Also women played an important role in the creation of the new state, even if the ustasha in their propaganda practiced the centuries-old, conservative-Catholic patriarchy in a form that resembled Fascism in many aspects. This article aims to analyze the role of one of the most powerful women in the Independent State of Croatia: Marija Pavelic, the wife of the ustasha-leader. Although Pavelic's wife Marija gave birth to three children and rarely appeared in public, she was already a politically active woman in the Italian exile (1929-1941) and attempted to support the power of her husband from the beginning of his political occupation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p205
Supplementary Figure 4 from CD44s Regulates the TGF-β–Mediated Mesenchymal Phenotype and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 1.4MB, TGF-beta signaling did not induce the expression of CD133 in HCC cells</p>
Anatomical Variations of the V2 Segment of the Vertebral Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the incidence of anatomic variations of the V2 segment (from its entrance into the transverse canal to C2) of the vertebral artery. Ignoring such variations during anterior or lateral approach to the cervical spine can lead to inadvertent injury and potentially serious complications. METHODS: We studied the course of 500 vertebral arteries on 200 magnetic resonance imaging and 50 contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans. RESULTS: The vertebral artery entered the C6 transverse foramen in 93.0% of all specimens. An abnormal level of entrance was observed in 7.0% of specimens (35 courses), with a level of entrance into the C3, C4, C5, or C7 transverse foramen, respectively, in 0.2% (n = 1; 2.9% of all anomalies), 1.0% (n = 5; 14.3% of all anomalies), 5.0% (n = 25; 71.4% of all anomalies), and 0.8% (n = 4; 11.4% of all anomalies) of all specimens. Seventeen (48.6%) abnormalities were right-sided and 18 (51.4%) were left-sided. Thirty-one out of 250 patients (12.4%) had a unilateral anomaly and two had a bilateral anomaly (0.8%). In cases of abnormal entrance into the transverse foramen on computed tomographic images (n = 6), the area of the unfilled transverse foramens was significantly smaller than the contralateral filled foramen (P &lt; 0.0001) and was significantly smaller than the filled foramen of all patients at the same level (P &lt; 0.0001). In five patients (2.0%), the vertebral artery formed a medial loop either into an unusually large transverse foramen whose internal border was medial to the uncovertebral joint or into the intervertebral foramen. CONCLUSION: The incidence of anatomic variations of the vertebral artery V2 segment is high. Potentially dangerous conditions can be detected on preoperative imaging.
Effect of Anxiety and Self-Efficacy on Class Performance in Arabic Language Online Class

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to explore the effect of anxiety and self-efficacy on class performance in Arabic language online classes. This study used a quantitative research approach, and the data was collected through a survey instrument administered to 148 first-year Arabic learner students enrolled in an Arabic language online class. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as a structural equation model to examine the relationship between variables. The study’s results showed that anxiety had a negative effect on class performance, while self-efficacy positively impacted class performance. Therefore, anxiety is the main contributor to Arabic online learning performance. Additionally, self-efficacy was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and class performance. The findings of this study suggest that anxiety and self-efficacy are important factors to consider in an online learning environment, as they can significantly impact class performance. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that educators in online learning environments implement strategies to enhance self-efficacy and reduce anxiety levels among their students.
The morphology and mechanical properties of recyclated polyethylene/polyamide laminate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the compatibilizers on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blend of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied. The waste of PE/PA6 laminate obtained after processing of barrier packaging foils was studied. The waste of PE/PA6 laminate containing 80 wt. % of PE and 20 wt. % of PA6 was processed with two compatibilizers: maleic anhydride functionalized ethylene propylene random copolymer (EPM-g-MA) and carboxyl functionalized polyethylene (PE-COOH). The compatibilizers were added to the waste in the amount of 5 wt. % or 10 wt. %. The compatibilization was performed in a Brabender plasticizer at 220°C and at rotor speed of 50rpm in a two-step mixing procedure. In the first step the blend was melted for 2min. That was followed by the addition of compatibilizer in the second step and the mixing was continued for the next 3min. The mixed melted samples formed thin films by compressive molding. Morphologies were examined using transmission electron microscope TESLA BS 500. The morphology was altered by an addition of compatibilizers and the system became more homogeneous. The dimensions of PA6 domains dispersed in PE matrix decreased dramatically, compared to that of uncompatibilized system. After addition of 5 wt. % or 10 wt. % of a compatibilizer to PE/PA6 blend its mechanical properties improved (twice higher Young's modulus).
Solution NMR Structure of a Ligand/Hybrid‐2‐G‐Quadruplex Complex Reveals Rearrangements that Affect Ligand Binding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Telomeric G‐quadruplexes have recently emerged as drug targets in cancer research. Herein, we present the first NMR structure of a telomeric DNA G‐quadruplex that adopts the biologically relevant hybrid‐2 conformation in a ligand‐bound state. We solved the complex with a metalorganic gold(III) ligand that stabilizes G‐quadruplexes. Analysis of the free and bound structures reveals structural changes in the capping region of the G‐quadruplex. The ligand is sandwiched between one terminal G‐tetrad and a flanking nucleotide. This complex structure involves a major structural rearrangement compared to the free G‐quadruplex structure as observed for other G‐quadruplexes in different conformations, invalidating simple docking approaches to ligand–G‐quadruplex structure determination.
A Case Report: Isolated Pontine Lesion in Hypertensive of a Pregnant Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiologic diagnosis characterised by headache, seizures, altered mental status, and a spectrum of visual deficits ranging from visual neglect to cortical blindness. PRES manifestation is a situation of medical emergency; however, it is a fully reversible condition, especially when diagnosed and treated immediately. The main problem lies in the impairment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation which, in turn, leads to endothelial dysfunction and vasogenic brain oedema. MRI indicates cerebral oedema in the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes. Brainstem involvement is very rare in the literature. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia-related PRES is also rare in the literature. In this article, a case of PRES with only pons involvement in MRI after hypertensive attack in a pregnant patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia is presented. PRES may present only brainstem involvement, as seen in this present case. Whether or not mild hypertension and mild thrombocytopenia found in this case are associated with limited disease should be evaluated. Prolonged spreading depression may have a role in the pathophysiology of PRES.
A simple method for predicting imaging-based complications following gamma knife surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object. The authors studied the relationship between dose planning parameters and complications in the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Methods. There were 41 continuous unselected patients. The mean follow-up period was 19 months; the mean age was 28 years; the male/female ratio was 2.2:1.0; the median prescription dose was 25 Gy (range 14–25 Gy); the median prescription isodose was 50%. The median lesion volume was 4.4 cm 3 . The median lesion coverage was 93%; and the mean conformity index was 1.22. The authors found no relationship between lesion volume or integral dose and the development of the clinical effects based on the adverse radiation effects (AREs); however, there was a significant relationship between both target volume and integral dose with the development of AREs as well as the severity of the AREs. Conclusions. The integral dose could be used as a guideline for the prescription dose. Arguments are made for maximizing the prescription dose for the long-term safety of the patient.
Technologies for Reading, Writing & Editing Omes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To achieve exponential improvements in cost and quality of DNA reading and writing (R&W) up to 10 million-fold, we’ve introduced a series of NGS technologies (for example, fluorescent microscopy, nanopore and direct electronic measures). The next steps are extending these revolutions to other biomolecules and their functional impacts—reflected in ever increasing resolution in time and in spatial 3D structures (R&W). A key recurring concept (going far beyond ‘parallelism’) is ‘molecular multiplexing’ in which pools of hundreds to trillions of tagged molecular and cellular types are treated with the same effort as single unpooled reactions. Improvements in quality and resolution do not increase costs, indeed often reduce them. Applications include therapeutic editing, genetic matchmaking, synthetic organs, pan-virus resistance and in situ diagnostics. New approaches to protein design for novel sensors and delivery vehicles are emerging. Software and other interfaces with the public are key components of future revolutions.
Nutritional Requirements for Manganese

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Manganese (Mn) is a ubiquitous trace mineral that is essential for living organisms. This mineral is a cofactor of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and arginase. It assumes a significant role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and cholesterol, the formation of bone, digestion, and development. Food sources include whole grains, cereals, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and tea. Approaches to assess Mn requirements include metabolic balance, blood levels, and response of biomarkers. In the United States, the adequate intake (AI) of Mn is 1.8 and 2.3 mg day−1 for women and men, respectively. Negative balance has been reported in numerous studies, where Mn intake was greater than the AI; thus, the adequacy of current dietary recommendations is unclear. Factors that influence Mn requirements include life stage and gender, bioavailability (fiber, phytates, mineral interactions, polyphenolic compounds), and international considerations. Deficiency of Mn has been associated with adverse health conditions including dermatitis, osteoporosis, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, epilepsy, cancer, asthma, problems with cognitive function, and poor birth outcomes. Toxicity of Mn may be a potential problem with contaminated drinking water, parenteral nutrition, individuals with hepatic dysfunction, and soy formula-fed infants. An understanding of Mn nutrient requirements is important for achievement of optimal health.
Study of the Aetiology of Carcinoma of the Lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Several indices of carotid atherosclerosis have been studied to investigate their associations with the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the best index of carotid atherosclerosis that predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease remains unclear.

Objective

To investigate the index that best reflects the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and subsequent ischaemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) events.

Design

An observational longitudinal study with a 5-year follow-up.

Participants

1734 Chinese subjects (623 men, 1111 women) aged 43–79 years at baseline.

Main outcome measures

ICVD events, including coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke.

Results

Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) at baseline was significantly associated with the risk of ICVD among participants without carotid plaque (multivariable adjusted HR=1.59, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.45) but not among those with plaque (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.39). However, the total area of plaques (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.55), the number of plaques (HR=1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) and the number of segments with plaque (HR=1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.93) were all significantly associated with ICVD in participants with plaque. Thus, carotid IMT and the number of segments with plaque were combined to establish a summary index—the total burden score (TBS) of carotid atherosclerosis—which was shown to improve the prediction of the 5-year risk of ICVD significantly compared with IMT or the number of segments with plaque alone. The c-statistics and net reclassification index showed that TBS improved the risk prediction by increases of 6.0% and 17.1%, respectively, compared with the conventional risk score.

Conclusion

The TBS could significantly improve the prediction of ICVD risk and should be used in clinical practice and future studies.
Insect herbivores associated with the invasive herbSenecio madagascariensis(Asteraceae) in its native range in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and their potential as biological control agents in invaded countries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Native to southern Africa, Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (fireweed, Asteraceae) has invaded agricultural lands and disturbed areas in several countries worldwide and is currently a target for biological control in Australia and the USA (Hawaii). Quantitative surveys of the plant in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, considered the origin of the Australian and Hawaiian populations, revealed several insect herbivore taxa that are frequently associated with the plant's foliar, floral and structural tissues. These largely comprised ectophagous sap suckers (34%), chewers (29%) and root feeders (1%), but also endophagous stem borers (21%), capitulum feeders (13%) and leaf miners (2%). Many of these taxa were encountered only occasionally or rarely during sampling, with some displaying low to very low abundance. Based on these surveys and earlier precedents in biocontrol programmes against other invasive Asteraceae, 15 taxa were shortlisted as candidate agents. Of these, four were prioritised for host-range assessments which are currently in progress. These include the capitulum-feeding Homoeosoma stenotea Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the stem-boring Gasteroclisus tricostalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Metamesia elegans (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the root-feeding Longitarsus basutoensis Bechyné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Although the diversity of native Senecio species in Australia may present challenges during routine host-specificity testing, prospects for the biocontrol of S. madagascariensis in Hawaii appear very promising, since the native flora does not include any species in the tribe Senecioneae.
Changes in Orientation of (211)[\bar111] Single Crystals of 70/30 Brass during Rolling

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The contribution of shear bands to the orientational changes in (211)[\bar111] single crystals of 70/30 brass has been evaluated. The changes in orientation Δθ, and the shear strain Δγ and volume fraction VV of the shear bands during rolling of these single crystals have been measured as a function of rolling reduction. On the basis of the deformation models for the activation of shear bands, Δθ, Δγ, and θ the angle between shear bands and specimen surface have been calculated. It is concluded from the comparison between the experimental and calculated results that the formation of the {111}〈211〉 duplex orientations and the stabilization of them during rolling of the (211)[\bar111] single crystals could be attributed to the activation of shear bands. The analysis of the selected area diffraction patterns in electron microscopy and the results of the measurements of VV show that the development of the {011}〈100〉∼{011}〈211〉 orientation in the (211)[\bar111] single crystals rolled up to higher reductions results from the textures formed within the shear-band regions of which volume fraction has been increased with rolling reduction.
Epinephrine increases facility of outflow and cyclic AMP content in the human eye in vitro.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The physiologic mechanism that underlies the epinephrine-induced increase in facility of outflow (C) in glaucomatous human eyes and normal primate eyes is not completely understood. In this study, a recently developed in vitro human eye perfusion model was used to simultaneously monitor facility and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) changes in response to epinephrine (EPI). In this system, EPI (2.5 x 10(-5) mol/l) resulted in a maximal 44% increase in C, with an ED50 occurring at approximately 8 x 10(-6) mol/l. The C-increasing effect of 10(-5) mol/l EPI was unaffected by 10(-6) mol/l phentolamine. However, it was completely blocked in the presence of 10(-6) mol/l timolol or 2 x 10(-7) mol/l ICI118,551, suggesting the involvement of beta-2 adrenergic receptors. In biochemical studies, 10(-5) mol/l EPI induced a 12- to 14-fold increase in cyclic AMP in the perfusate of treated eyes. This increase was blocked by ICI118,551. In isolated intact human trabecular tissue, a 10 min incubation with 10(-5) EPI stimulated cyclic AMP by a factor of 2.7 over control levels. After 90 min, cyclic AMP levels were increased 4.2 fold over control levels. Collectively, these results show that the intraocular pressure lowering effect of EPI in the human eye is mediated, at least in part, by an increase in facility of outflow. Furthermore, the facility increase appears to be mediated by beta-2 adrenergic receptors and is correlated in time with increased cyclic AMP production.
Pengaruh Return on Assets, Debt to Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dividend Payout Ratio terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to study the influence of return on assets (ROA), debt to assets ratio (DAR), current ratio (CR), firm size, and dividend payout ratio (DPR) on the firm value measured by PBV, in manufacture companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The number of samples of the study was 50 samples of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX and sample selection in this research using purposive sampling method, during the research period 2016 to 2018. Samples were analyzed by using the multiple regression method. The results showed that firm size and ROA has significant effects on the firm value. Whilst DPR, CR, and DAR have no significant effects on the firm value. Tujuan penelitian yang disajikan dalam tesis ini ialah untuk menunjukkan hasil empiris mengenai pengaruh dari return on assets (ROA), debt to asset ratio (DAR), current ratio (CR), ukuran perusahaan dan dividend payout ratio (DPR) terhadap nilai perusahaan dimana pengukurannya dilakukan dengan rasio PBV, pada perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Penelitian ini menggunakan 50 sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat dalam BEI dan pemilihan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, selama periode penelitian 2016 hingga 2018. Data dianalisis menggunakan model regresi berganda untuk menganalisis kontribusi variabel bebas yang mempengaruhi variabel terikat. Hasil empiris penelitian menjelaskan bahwa ukuran perusahaan dan ROA mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. DPR, CR dan DAR tidak mempunyai dampak yang signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
The University of Life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I read across from universities to Latour and back again. The paper is in four parts. In the first part, I attend to the new strands of activity that have accreted to universities over the last twenty years or so and, at the same time, to the growth in variation in what is called “university.” The second part of the paper alights on the different and seemingly opposed values that can be found in the current much expanded spectrum of universities as a result and the clashes that these different strands of activity engender. The third part of the paper suggests how universities could be redesigned in the face of this greater diversity, not just as a means of compromise but as a new synthesis based around experimentation and adventure. Universities badly need redesigning because of the process of accretion of new strands of activity. That can either be done as a result of these new strands of activity being given free rein or through conscious intervention so as to produce a more considered and dutiful outcome, an intervention that includes means of bridge-making between each strand as a matter of course. Finally, there is a brief conclusion which raises the prospect of reinstating a certain kind of honor in the lives of universities.
Harbor area, activities reports, 1991-10-07/1992-06-17

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Los Angeles Police Department, Harbor area, activities reports, 1991 October 7 - 1992 June 17. PART OF SERIES: The series contains records related to the Webster Commission's Discovery Request, which aimed to delve into the internal activities and operations of the Los Angeles Police Department in the months before and during the Rodney King riots. Materials within this series generally fall into one of four categories of records requested by the Commission: activities reports; meeting agendas and minutes; itineraries of Department-led training sessions; and roll call deployment period reports from these sessions. PART OF SUBSERIES: Items related to the activities of each geographic area with the LAPD Office of operation's South Bureau between February, 1991 and June, 1992. Included are activities reports; agendas and minutes from staff meetings and supervisor meetings; and materials related to training sessions held in each Area, including itineraries and roll call deployment worksheets.