jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the performance of the prototype of aircraft Opposed-Piston engine with various values of intake pressure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the last few decades, we have observed significant changes in the automotive and aviation sector regarding emission reduction and performance improvement. It is said that electrification is the main direction for the automotive industry, especially for short distances; thus, car manufacturers provide their vehicles with fully electric or hybrid engines. However, such an objective is difficult for the aviation industry, where flight endurance plays a key role, especially for small aircraft. For this reason, turbocharged internal combustion and small turbine engines are still widely used in such aircraft. This paper presents the experimental investigation of the intake pressure influence on the axial-opposed piston engine's performance, which might be used for aviation purposes. The experimental results were conducted on a prototype, axial opposed-piston engine PAMAR 4 equipped with the two-stage turbocharging system. Thanks to its variable systems, such an engine provided a wide range of intake pressure values. The tests were performed for intake pressure values up to 453 kPa. The experimental tests proved that the engine efficiency increased with the intake pressure. However, the engine's durability and reliability might be significantly affected due to the high in-cylinder pressure and temperature.
Presentation_1_Development of a Novel Assay Based on Plant-Produced Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP3 for the Differentiation of Infected From Vaccinated Animals.PPTX

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

<p>Infectious bursal disease virus is the causative agent of Gumboro disease, a severe infection that affects young chickens and is associated with lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius. Traditional containment strategies are based either on inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines. These approaches have several limitations such as residual virulence or low efficacy in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) but, most importantly, the impossibility to detect the occurrence of natural infections in vaccinated flocks. Therefore, the development of novel vaccination strategies allowing the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) is a priority. Recently, commercial vectored and experimental subunit vaccines based on VP2 have been proved effective in protecting from clinical disease and posed the basis for the development of novel DIVA strategies. In this study, an engineered version of the VP3 protein of IBDV (His-VP3) was produced in plants, successfully purified from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-VP3 antibodies. The His-VP3 ELISA was validated with a panel of 180 reference sera and demonstrated to have 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 94.7–100.0) and 94.17% specificity (95% CI: 88.4–97.6). To evaluate the application of His-VP3 ELISA as a DIVA test, the novel assay was used to monitor, in combination with a commercial kit, detecting anti-VP2 antibodies, the immune response of chickens previously immunized with an inactivated IBDV vaccine, a recombinant Turkey herpes virus carrying the VP2 of IBDV (HVT-ND-IBD) or with plant-produced VP2 particles. The combined tests correctly identified the immune status of the vaccinated specific pathogen free white-leghorn chickens. Moreover, the His-VP3 ELISA correctly detected MDA against VP3 in commercial broiler chicks and showed that antibody titers fade with time, consistent with the natural decrease of maternally derived immunity. Finally, the novel assay, in combination with a VP2-specific ELISA, demonstrated its potential application as a DIVA test in chickens inoculated with VP2-based vaccines, being able to detect the seroconversion after challenge with a very virulent IBDV strain.</p>
P-020 YI Monitoring and Managing Latent Tuberculosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients on Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biologic therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) is increasingly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is known that evaluation for tuberculosis (TB) is recommended prior to initiation of anti-TNF therapy. However, no guidelines exist in monitoring patients for TB after they are started on anti-TNF therapy. We present a case series of 6 patients with positive TB testing prior to or during biologic therapy. Between 2008 and 2013, patients with positive testing for TB were identified from our prospectively maintained and Institutional Review Board-approved IBD database. Demographics, medication history, prior monitoring, clinical course and management were reviewed. Six patients (all Caucasian females, 5 Crohn’s disease, 1 ulcerative colitis) were identified as testing positive for exposure to TB with QuantiFERON-TB Gold. One patient tested positive prior to initiating anti-TNF therapy, but 5 patients tested positive during yearly testing while on anti-TNF therapy. None of the patients had evidence of active tuberculosis infection, but they were diagnosed with latent TB. Of those who started treatment for latent TB, all resumed anti-TNF therapy without sequelae (see Table 1 for further details). Five of our patients tested positive on QuantiFERON-TB Gold testing prior to or during treatment with anti-TNF therapy and were able to safely resume therapy for IBD once on latent TB treatment. Since no guidelines exist for serial monitoring of IBD patients for TB after starting on anti-TNF therapy and exposure to TB could occur anytime during treatment, we recommend continued TB surveillance at least annually.
Estimation of radio capacity of a spread spectrum cognitive radio Rayleigh fading system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of estimating the optimum radio capacity of a spread spectrum non-cellular Cognitive Radio (CR) system, operating in a Rayleigh fading environment, is examined. The optimization is based on the maximization of the average channel capacity (in the Shannon-Hartley sense) available to primary user. In this work, the system's radio capacity is expressed in terms of the number of simultaneously transmitting secondary users but considering only one primary user which receives the spread spectrum simultaneously transmitted signals, through an optimum maximal-ratio combiner (MRC) RAKE receiver. Finally, the theoretical analysis leads to a simple but novel closed-form expression, for the optimum radio capacity, which can be useful for the practical design of a non-cellular CR system and for an initial quantitative analysis. In addition, numerical results are presented to prove and illustrate the validity of the considered model.
Developing an open source mobile app in library services: the case of a national university in Malaysia

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose A surge of library activities and technological advances have increased the demand for data accuracy and agility among library clientele. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to extend library services. This paper aims to introduce the implementation of a prototype mobile library application (app) designed using an in-house open source system, Koha. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a case study using a metamorphosis process to create mobile apps. This case study is tested based on the library services with a set of activities during the system acceptance test (SAT) and also user acceptance test (UAT). An application programming interface (API) used to support two-way communication, including system-to-component and system-to-system connectivity. The design, features and advantages of this mobile app are discussed, illustrated and analyzed. The case study reports the mobile app version development from the Koha Open Source Library Information System. Findings The app was tested using user acceptance test (UAT) and system acceptance test (SAT) by library staffs who found it functional, accessible, appealing and useful. Features such as Online Public Access Catalog search, library collection scanning, patron accounts, patron personal book collection, circulation, librarian chat, QR codes for borrowing books, social media integration and notifications of library activities and events were successfully tested. This process was useful for the creation of a mobile app based on the existing library System-Koha Open Source System. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to a case study of a national university in Malaysia. Practical implications This study has some practical implications for implementing library mobile applications, e.g. it will encourage librarians to implement library applications in libraries. Originality/value This study is useful for mobile developers and libraries that plan to offer mobile library services to their patrons. This paper presents a case study of metamorphosis existing process of library open source System-Koha Open Source System.
First report, morphological and molecular characterization of Xiphinema elongatum and X. pachtaicum (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of six soil samples were collected around rhizosphere of citrus plants during 2010 from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center experimental station, Ethiopia.From these samples two most important ecto-plant parasitic nematodes of the genus Xiphinema were found and analysed.The genus Xiphinema is a large group of the phylum nematoda which constitutes more than 260 species.They are polyphagous root-ectoparasites of many crop plants and some species of this genus cause damage by direct feeding on root tips and transmit nepoviruses.The delimitation and discrimination of two species in the genus is presented, described herein as Xiphinema elongatum and Xiphinema pachtaicum.Morphological and morphometric data were done using light microscopy and results of both species were fit within the previously described nematode species of X. elongatum and X. pachtaicum.18S rDNA were analysed using Bayesian inference (BI) method to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the studied Xiphinema sp.(KP407872 X. elongatum and KP407873 X. pachtaicum) with other Xiphinema species.The 18S rDNA sequence of X. pachtaicum was alike to previously described species from the GenBank but X. elongatum exhibited very small levels of nucleotides differences (0.4%) which might be possible intra-specific divergence.Though this region of rDNA has less resolution on complex species, its combination with morphological and morphometric analyses, suggests these species as X. elongatum and X.
200-femtosecond streak camera: development and dynamic measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of the recently developed PV-FS-type femtosecond streak tubes supplied with the original photocathode-accelerating mesh assembly (dedicated for pulse operation) and ultra-sensitive high frequency deflection system, the experimental prototypes of a 200 fs streak camera was designed, manufactured and tested. The camera experimental time resolution > 200 femtosecond, its maximum spatial resolution along the slit direction is better than 30 line pairs/mm in dynamic mode. The range of the streak duration along the 25 mm output screen is from 50 ps to 5 ns, which corresponds to the streak speeds of 5 × 1010 - 5 × 108 cm/s. The camera triggering delay is 50 ns with ± 20 ps jitter at triggering signal of 5 Volts/50Ohm/1ns rise time with the maximum repetition rate of 100 Hz. At the maximum time resolution the dynamic range is about 10. The spectral range of the recorded optical events may cover 115 - 1550 nm. The typical optical radiation intensity at 800 nm needed to illuminate the input photocathode in order to get maximum time resolution is 500 Watts/cm2.
THE RESERVE BANK OF INDIA'S BALANCE SHEET: ANALYTICS AND DYNAMICS OF EVOLUTION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present paper attempts to contribute to the growing literature on central bank balance sheets drawing on a case-study of the Indian experience. The analytical commentary on the evolution of the Reserve Bank of India Balance Sheet in relation to the postIndependence national macroeconomic experience is partitioned into three phases on the basis of shifts in the conduct of monetary policy. Interestingly, structural breaks in the time path of the Reserve Bank's rate of surplus transferred to the Government are able to mirror these regime changes reasonably well. We conclude with some emerging issues.
[Clinical value of (18)F-FDGPET/CT in differentiation between benign lesions and lung cancer for large shadows in patients with pneumoconiosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging for patients with pneumoconiosis, the lung lesions without (18)F-FDG uptake or symmetrical lesions with high (18)F-FDG uptake are considered as benign pneumoconiosis nodules; however, (18)F-FDG PET/CT might have a limited role in evaluating the solitary lung lesions in patients with pneumoconiosis and needs further study.
Factors associated with typhoid relapse in the era of multiple drug resistant strains

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Typhoid has an estimated global burden of greater than 27 million cases per annum with a clinical relapse rate of 5% to 20%. Despite the large relapse burden, the factors associated with relapse are largely unknown. Methodology: We have followed a protocol for the diagnosis and management of pediatric typhoid since 1988. We report factors associated with relapse of culture-proven enteric fever in 1,650 children presenting to the Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan, over a 15-year period. Results: In those infected with multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains, factors associated with subsequent relapse include constipation at presentation and presentation within 14 days of fever onset. Diarrhoea in those children infected with drug sensitive strains had an association with decreased subsequent relapse, as was quinolone therapy. Conclusions: Multiple clinical factors at presentation are associated with subsequent typhoid fever relapse. These factors may be postulated to be associated with subsequent relapse due to alterations in the reticuloendothelial system organism load. These data will be valuable in developing algorithms for clinical follow-up in children infected with MDR enteric fever.
Genesis of the food security definition formation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Найважливішою частиною національної економічної безпеки окремого мешканця, сім'ї, соціальних груп, націй, народів, міст, регіонів, всієї держави були і залишаються проблеми продовольчої забезпеченості. Ця проблема посилюється значною імпортною залежністю країни в продовольстві, яка призводить до таких негативних макро-економічних наслідків, як «вимивання» валютних резервів, зростання зовнішнього боргу, експорт дефіцитних видів сировини і невідновлюваних енергетичних та інших мінеральних ресурсів. Продовольча безпека є важливою складовою частиною національної безпеки в цілому і не обмежується «просторовими» рамками економічної безпеки держави чи спільноти країн. Нами поставлено за мету узагальнити визначення поняття «продовольча безпека», з’ясувати генезис цього поняття і сформувати власну думку з цього приводу. Під час дослідження був застосований термінологічний принцип, що передбачає вивчення історії термінів і позначуваних ними понять, розробку або уточнення змісту та обсягу, встановлення взаємозв'язку і субординації, їх місця в понятійному апараті теорії, на базі якої базується дослідження. Вирішити це завдання допомагає метод термінологічного аналізу і метод операціоналізації понять. \nВ результаті дослідження нами було сформульоване визначення поняття «продовольча безпека», в якому основний наголос був зроблений на тому, що високоякісне, екологічне та енергетичноцінне продовольство повинно бути доступне і економічно, і фізично всім верствам населення незалежно від рівня доходу, приналежності до державного чи приватного сектору економіки.
Chemical modification of IgG tryptophan residues: effect on competition with immune complexes for macrophage receptors.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. The effect of benzylation of tryptophan residues of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on the interaction with macrophage receptors was studied by measuring the competition between free IgG and immune complexes (sheep red cells covered with IgG antibodies). 2. The modification of approximately three tryptophan side chains greatly decreased the capacity of IgG for binding to the phagocytic cell. Under conditions in which normal IgG inhibited the binding of immune complexes to macrophages by 49 +/- 5% and the urea-treated IgG control inhibited it by 40 +/- 11%, IgG modified by 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide in the presence of urea inhibited the binding by 7.5 +/- 5%. 3. These results indicate that tryptophan residues are located at or near the site of IgG that binds to the macrophage receptor and that they are important for the interaction.
Iridoids and phenylethanoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Ajuga tenorei, an endemic Italian species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report the first analysis in absolute, and in particular, concerning the phytochemical pattern, about an endemic Italian species, Ajuga tenorei C. Presl. The analysis, performed by means of techniques such as Column Chromatography and NMR spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry, led to the isolation and the identification of five compounds namely verbascoside (1), echinacoside (2), ajugoside (3), harpagide (4) and 8-O-acetylharpagide (5). The presence of these compounds is important from both chemotaxonomic and ethno-pharmacological point of view. For what concerns the first point is confirmed the correct botanical classification of the species. The isolated compounds are also known to exert peculiar pharmacological activities and their presence may give a rationale to the historical medicinal properties associated to the Ajuga genus in general, since these plants have a long traditional use in many parts of the world. Such fact might suggest the use of also this species in this sense.
Muscle Strength Asymmetry In Women With Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Muscle weakness is a frequent problem in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and it is common for there to be some bilateral asymmetry with regard to this weakness. Symptomatic fatigue is also a problem for most people with MS. The importance of muscle weakness and asymmetry to physical function and symptomatic fatigue in MS has not been fully clarified. PURPOSE To quantify knee extensor (KE) and ankle dorsiflexor (DF) muscle weakness and asymmetry in MS and to investigate the relationships between asymmetry and both symptomatic fatigue and physical function. METHODS Twelve healthy (53 ± 9 years, mean ± SD) and 12 MS (55 ± 9, Expanded Disability Status Score 4.0 ± 1.4) women performed peak isometric torque and isotonic power (45% maximal isometric torque) measures in the right and left KE and DF, using a Biodex dynamometer. Bilateral asymmetry was calculated as the percent difference between right and left legs for both muscle groups in each individual. Twenty-five foot walk time served as a measure of physical function, and the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAFS) was used to assess symptomatic fatigue. RESULTS DF isometric strength and isotonic power, and KE isometric strength were similar in control and MS (p ≥ 0.74). Isotonic power in the KE was lower in MS (152 ±41 W) than control (198 ±47 W, p = 0.018). Asymmetry of KE muscle power was greater in MS (21.5 ±16.2 %) than control (8.9 ±6.8%, p =0.021); there was no difference in DF asymmetry between groups. Walk time was longer in MS (6.6 ±1.5s) than control (4.8 ±0.4s, p <0.001) and was correlated with KE asymmetry (r = 0.62, n = 24). Symptomatic fatigue was greater in MS (VAFS 4.2 ±2.5) than control (1.7 ±0.9, p = 0.004), and was also associated with KE asymmetry (r = 0.68, n = 24). There were no relationships between DF asymmetry and walk time or VAFS. CONCLUSIONS Muscle weakness was more pronounced in KE than DF in MS, as was the degree of bilateral asymmetry. The relationship between walk time and KE asymmetry suggests that impaired physical function in MS may be partly due to imbalances in leg muscle strength. Further, the relationship between muscle asymmetry and symptomatic fatigue suggests that these imbalances may contribute to quality of life issues in MS.
The Treatment of Leprosy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From whatever standpoint leprosy is viewed, whether from that of the clinician or the epidemiologist, the objective must be to diagnose and treat the maximum number of leprosy patients, not only because the disease is curable but because treatment renders ' open ' cases non-contagious long before cure is obtained. Now that it is becoming generally accepted that the way to leprosy eradication lies through case-finding and treatment, an increasing responsibility falls upon doctors working in the tropics to undertake the treatment of leprosy in hospital or rural clinic out-patients, for facilities in leprosy hospitals (leprosaria) are far too limited to deal with the numbers of patients involved, and, in any case, admission to leprosaria should not be indiscriminate but should be restricted to cases where special social or medical indications exist.5 At present there are about 2II,900 leprosy inpatients throughout the world, but seven times as many are receiving out-patient treatment, and on the estimated world incidence of IO-I2 million leprosy sufferers, there are at least seven undiagnosed and untreated patients for every one under treatment.5 It is apparent, therefore, that in countries where leprosy is highly endemic, doctors without previous special training are likely to be called upon to shoulder the responsibility of treating leprosy out-patients, making use of the services of a leprosy specialist when difficulties arise, and it is for doctors such as these that this paper has been written.
Research on Acculturation Strategies in Intercultural Education: Challenges and Opportunities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cross-cultural education is becoming increasingly important in today s globalized society. As people move across borders, inter-national exchanges and global educational cooperation increase, it is essential to develop students ability to adapt and integrate in different cultural contexts. This thesis aims to explore acculturation strategies in intercultural education and explore the challenges and opportunities of these strategies. Through literature review and empirical research analysis, this paper aims to provide recommendations and guidance to edu-cation practitioners and researchers on how to better help students adapt in cross-cultural environments.
Some Remarks on Actual Unemployment Insurance Schemes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes and compares the actual unemployment insurance schemes adopted in ten countries and their evolution over the 2001-2020 twenty-year period. The “OECD tax-benefit model” is a precious informative source for the analysis. The comparison between the UI schemes and the rationale that appears to have driven their designs is focused in particular on how the individual schemes tackle the trade-off between insurance and incentives. The main point from this comparison is the identification of two “benefit structures”, which characterize in a deeply different way the actions for countering opportunistic behaviors within the ten countries. The article underlines issues and questions that the factual differences in the UI schemes leave open or contribute to raising.