jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Timing Parameters in Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits Using Low Critical-Current Junctions and Low Bias Voltages

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the trade-off among power consumptions, operating frequencies, and error rates in low-power single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuit is investigated. The power consumption of SFQ circuits can be reduced by the lowering critical currents ( $I_{\mathrm{c}}$ values) of the Josephson junctions (JJs), or the bias voltage ( $V_{\mathrm{b}}$ ). The shifts and spreads of timing parameter fluctuations when $I_{\mathrm{c}}$ and $V_{\mathrm{b}}$ were lowered were numerically analyzed, with consideration of thermal noise at 4.2 K. The timing behaviors after $I_{\mathrm{c}}$ was lowered were relatively simple, being based on the signal-to-noise ratio, whereas those for lowered $V_{\mathrm{b}}$ values were complicated because of the dynamic behaviors of JJs driven at reduced voltage. The simulation results imply that the operating frequencies decreased because the timing windows narrowed, but the highest energy efficiency was obtained when we lowered $I_{\mathrm{c}}$ or $V_{\mathrm{b}}$ to 6.25% of their conventional values, and the energy reduction after lowering of $V_{\mathrm{b}}$ was 26% better than that after lowering of $I_{\mathrm{c}}$ . Moreover, if a small error rate (for example $10^{-6}$ ) is acceptable, further improvement in energy efficiency would be expected at significantly higher clock frequencies than would be the case if the SFQ circuit must exhibit error-free operation.
Development and Characterization of a Flat-Panel Detector-Based Microtomography System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we describe the development and performance evaluation of a 3-dimentional (3-D) high-resolution x-ray microtomography (micro-CT) system. Unlike a conventional micro-CT, the developed system uses a flat-panel detector as a digital x-ray imager. The detector is a CsI:Tl (thallium-doped cesium iodide) scintillator coupled to an active-matrix photodiode array with a pixel pitch of 50 [μm]. Without geometric magnification, the spatial resolution of the detector is 7 [lp/mm] at 10 [%] of MTF (modulation-transfer function). The overall efficiency of the detector for the input x-ray signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been measured to be about 50 [%] with the x-ray source operating at 60 [kVp] and 1-mm-thick Al filtration. For fast 3-D cone-beam image reconstruction, the Feldkamp algorithm has been realized in a distributed parallel processing system composed of multiple personal computers. The signal and noise properties in tomograms have been measured with quantitative phantoms and the measurement results are found to conform well to the theoretical models. From the measurements, it has been also found that the spatial resolution in a tomogram is almost determined by the detector resolving power. Some high-resolution imaging results are shown to demonstrate the capability of the developed system in bio-medical and industrial applications.
Imagination in the Philosophy of Josiah Royce

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

That Josiah Royce's philosophy relies on imagination has been acknowledged, but there has not yet been scholarship behind what this argument consists of or implies, both for imagination and Roycean loyalty. This project works to examine how imagination works in Royce's philosophy and, in particular, the ethical system of loyalty, as imagination serves in the creation and perfection of loyalty. The first level of this explores Royce's psychological groundwork for imagination and how this works into the development of the self. From there, this project works with the connections of aesthetics and beauty to Roycean loyalty, with particular interest in how beauty aids in the self's choice of cause. The final level of this project is concerned with how imagination informs the community and how imagination aids in the development of loyalty to a lost cause and thus loyalty to loyalty.
[Application of modified microbubble test in peripherally inserted central venous catheters tip positioning].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Compared with the chest X-ray localization method, the modified microbubble test method has high sensitivity and specificity in identifying PICC in the position, and the operation is simple, noninvasive, with less time and low cost. The modified microbubble test can be used as a screening test for PICC tip position, especially in ICU. When there are technical limitations or suspicious patient, further chest X-ray is necessary.
Guidelines on the use of liver biopsy in clinical practice from the British Society of Gastroenterology, the Royal College of Radiologists and the Royal College of Pathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver biopsy is required when clinically important information about the diagnosis, prognosis or management of a patient cannot be obtained by safer means, or for research purposes. There are several approaches to liver biopsy but predominantly percutaneous or transvenous approaches are used. A wide choice of needles is available and the approach and type of needle used will depend on the clinical state of the patient and local expertise but, for non-lesional biopsies, a 16-gauge needle is recommended. Many patients with liver disease will have abnormal laboratory coagulation tests or receive anticoagulation or antiplatelet medication. A greater understanding of the changes in haemostasis in liver disease allows for a more rational, evidence-based approach to peri-biopsy management. Overall, liver biopsy is safe but there is a small morbidity and a very small mortality so patients must be fully counselled. The specimen must be of sufficient size for histopathological interpretation. Communication with the histopathologist, with access to relevant clinical information and the results of other investigations, is essential for the generation of a clinically useful report.
Seed degeneration in potato: the need for an integrated seed health strategy to mitigate the problem in developing countries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed potato degeneration, the reduction in yield or quality caused by an accumulation of pathogens and pests in planting material due to successive cycles of vegetative propagation, has been a long‐standing production challenge for potato growers around the world. In developed countries this problem has been overcome by general access to and frequent use of seed, produced by specialized growers, that has been certified to have pathogen and pest incidence below established thresholds, often referred to as certified seed. The success of certified seed in developed countries has concentrated the research and development agenda on the establishment of similar systems in developing countries. Despite these efforts, certified seed has had little penetration into the informal seed systems currently in place in most developing countries. Small‐scale farmers in these countries continue to plant seed tubers acquired through the informal seed system, i.e. produced on‐farm or acquired from neighbours or local markets. Informal seed tubers frequently have poor health status, leading to significant reductions in yield and/or market value. This review emphasizes the need to refocus management efforts in developing countries on improving the health status of seed tubers in the informal system by integrating disease resistance and on‐farm management tools with strategic seed replacement. This ‘integrated seed health strategy’ can also prolong the good health status of plants derived from certified seed, which would otherwise be diminished due to potential rapid infection from neighbouring fields. Knowledge gaps, development challenges and impacts of this integrated seed health strategy are discussed.
Alzheimer's disease clinical onset and age at death in people with Down syndrome: A systematic review and population‐based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Despite better medical care and social support, life expectancy in people with Down syndrome (DS) is still close to 60 years, about 20 years less than in the general population. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which has a lifetime risk of >90% in DS, might be the cause. We conducted a systematic review to interrogate the age of onset of symptomatic AD and the age of death in this population. Methods Our protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020203967). We performed a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. Only peer‐reviewed, original research studies written in English were considered. No time period restrictions were applied. Studies were eligible if they described research on adults with DS, had good methodological quality, and if they contained numerical results (mean and SD or standard error) of the following outcomes: age at onset or age at diagnosis of symptomatic AD (based on expert clinical judgment), age at death after onset of AD, and/or duration of the disease (time in years from onset or diagnosis to death). Results We identified 6983 studies for title and abstract screening after duplicate removal. Of these, 259 articles were considered for full text review and 62 studies met the eligibility criteria (Figure 1). Excluded studies and reasons for exclusion are described in Figure 1. The weighted average for AD onset in DS was 54.1 ± 6.5 years (estimated in 4204 individuals) with a standard error of the mean across studies of 0.328. For age of death and disease duration the weighted averages were 57.7 ± 6.5 (data available from 514 individuals), and 5.4 ± 3.9 years (444 individuals), respectively. Conclusions The mean age of AD onset in DS is remarkably consistent across studies, with a variability comparable to that reported in autosomal dominant AD. Given the >90% penetrance, the age of onset reported in the studies and the duration of the disease, life expectancy cannot possibly increase for people with DS if we do not find a cure for AD. This disease should therefore be recognized as the top medical and research priority in this population.
Pediatric Research ‘Personalized‘? International Perspectives on the Return of Results

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decision-making dynamics in pediatric research have their foundation in the principle of the 'best interests of the child'. The introduction of new sequencing technologies and the concomitant debate surrounding the return of research results and incidental findings are, however, challenging the interpretation of this principle. A comparative analysis of international and national approaches to the issue (USA, Canada, France, Spain and the UK) reveals not only the emergence of context-specific pediatric policy in this regard, but one that is 'personalized' to the child - that is, what is clinically significant and actionable during childhood.
Anxiety and working memory capacity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to measure the comparative working memory capacities of highly anxious and low anxiety subjects. Experiment 1 employed a traditional digit span measure of capacity requiring storage only. The measure utilised in Experiment 2 required subjects to both process and store information. Highly anxious subjects exhibited significantly smaller measures of capacity in relation to the low anxiety groups in both experiments. It is concluded that high levels of anxiety reduces both the storage and processing capacity of working memory.
Abstract 2329: Understanding epigenetic-driven transposable re-expression and its impact on immune activation in the serrated pathway of colorectal tumorigenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An active immune system plays a central role in preventing the progression from precancerous lesions to invasive cancers. Identifying the molecular markers that dictate effective immune surveillance is essential for advancing cancer prevention strategies. A higher level of immune cell infiltration is observed in serrated lesions, a subtype of colorectal premalignant lesions, in comparison to the other common subtype, conventional adenoma. However, the mechanism underlying the elevated immune response in serrated lesions remains poorly understood because hypermutation, which is considered as the source of immunogenicity conventionally, is absent in serrated lesions. One alternative source of immunogenicity can be transposable elements (TEs), which are mobile DNA sequences typically epigenetically silenced in mature tissues but expressed in fetal developmental stage and cancers. We hypothesize that aberrant expression of TEs drives immune activation in serrated lesions. Notably, only serrated lesions exhibit a fetal gene expression program, suggesting a potential link to epigenetically deregulated TE expression mediated by the PIWI-piRNA pathway. We quantify and compare TE expression and methylation levels across subtypes of colorectal precancers and normal tissues, integrating these data with spatial transcriptomics to elucidate the relationship between TE expression and immune cell distribution. Our results reveal a significantly higher number of differentially expressed TEs in serrated lesions compared to conventional adenomas and suggest a positive association between TE expression and the immunogenic landscape in serrated lesions. These findings inform strategies to reprogram colorectal precancers toward an anti-tumor immune environment, offering potential benefits for cancer prevention and early immuno-intervention strategies in colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Zhengyi Chen, Sojung Lee, Alan J. Simmons, Robert J. Coffey, Martha J. Shrubsole, Jason W. Wong, Ken S. Lau. Understanding epigenetic-driven transposable re-expression and its impact on immune activation in the serrated pathway of colorectal tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 2329.
Farmer's Lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

12-20 minutes per visit (including travelling).Few thoughtful patients or conscientious doctors would deny that this is totally inadequate, even as an average, for the prac- tice of good medicine.Dr. Fry and his colleagues have sampled the existing system -the very " soup kitchen service " which I criticized at Swansea.For the sake of our patients and our own standards, may God forbid that future planning is based on this "five-minute medicine."-Iam, etc., East Preston, Sussex.ALAN BuSsEY.SIR,-Without discussion of the value of the idea of payment at the time of consultation by the patient we are dismayed by the introduction of this suggestion into the family-doctor Charter at this time.The National Conference of Local Medical Com- mittees and the Special Representative Meet- ing of the British Medical Association both in June 1965 decided to continue to negoti- ate the Charter, to get it priced, and then to decide whether resignation was necessary to achieve just and reasonable terms and conditions of service.We feel this new move can only complicate and delay matters.We wish to express our full support for
Chemical States of Electrochemically Doped Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes As Probed by Raman Spectroelectrochemistry and ex Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was combined with Raman spectroelectrochemistry to study the electrochemically doped states of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles. The ex situ measurements indicated a significant drop of doping level as compared to in situ measurements. However, after this initial decrease of the doping level, the electronic structure of SWCNT bundles was found to be stable. The XPS elemental analysis indicated that electrolyte ions penetrate into the nanotube bundles. Furthermore, for the n-doped (electrochemically reduced) sample, an increase of the relative surface concentration of different C−O groups was observed, which was caused by electrochemical reduction of ClO4− ions. Comparison of the ex situ Raman and XP spectra showed that an electrode potential shift of 1 V corresponds to the Fermi level shift of ca. 0.5 eV.
An Efficient Synthesis of Dialkyl 2-Oxoalkanephosphonates and Diphenyl-2-oxoalkylphosphine Oxides from 1-Chloralkyl Ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of dialkyl 2-oxoalkanephosphonates and diphenyl-2-oxoalkyl-phosphine oxides, via an Arbuzov reaction of trialkyl phosphites or ethoxydiphenylphosphine with methoxycarbonylhydrazono derivatives of 1-chloroalkyl ketones followed by carbonyl deprotection, is described.
Bilateral histone deacetylase 1 and 2 activity and enrichment at unique genes following induction of long‐term potentiation in vivo

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is a synaptic plasticity mechanism critical to long‐term memory. LTP induced in vivo is characterized by altered transcriptional activity, including a period of upregulation of gene expression which is followed by a later dominant downregulation. This temporal shift to downregulated gene expression is predicted to be partly mediated by epigenetic inhibitors of gene expression, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs). Further, pharmacological inhibitors of HDAC activity have previously been shown to enhance LTP persistence in vitro. To explore the contribution of HDACs to the persistence of LTP in vivo, we examined HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity over a 24 hr period following unilateral LTP induction in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. Surprisingly, we found significant changes in HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity in both the stimulated as well as the unstimulated hemispheres, with the largest increase in activity occurring bilaterally, 20 min after LTP stimulation. During this time point of heightened activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC2 were enriched at distinct sets of genes within each hemispheres. Further, the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A enhanced an intermediate phase of LTP lasting days, which has not previously been associated with altered transcription. The inhibitor had no effect on the persistence of LTP lasting weeks. Together, these data suggest that HDAC activity early after the induction of LTP may negatively regulate plasticity‐related gene expression that is involved in the initial stabilization of LTP, but not its long‐term maintenance.
Predictability of ANB, Beta, and YEN Angles as Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicators in Gulbarga Population

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In orthodontics, various methods of assessing sagittal jaw base relationship are formulated. Earlier, skeletal pattern was analyzed only clinically; however, after the introduction of cephalometrics by Broadbent and Hofrath in 1931, ANB and Beta angles are being used to describe skeletal discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible. YEN angle has also been used as a sagittal dysplasia indicator after its introduction in 2009. The aim of our study is to assess the predictability of ANB, Beta, and YEN angles as anteroposterior dysplasia indicators in skeletal class II malocclusion in Gulbarga population. This study is an attempt to check the variation as well as correlation existing between these 3 parameters, so that a more presumable and least variable parameter can be obtained. Total of 70 lateral cephalograms of skeletal class II patients were selected based on Down’s facial angle and tracing was carried out manually to measure ANB, Beta, and YEN angles. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the coefficient of variation and the Pearson coefficient. Our study concluded that YEN angle is highly predictable and a homogenously distributed angular parameter used to assess sagittal discrepancy in class II patients compared to ANB and Beta angles.
Trigonal-prismatic and octahedral hexaruthenium boride clusters: molecular structures of [N(PPh3)2][Ru6H2(CO)18B], [Ru6(CO)17B{AuP(C6H4Me-2)3}], [Ru6H(CO)16B{Au(PPh3)}2] and [Ru6(CO)16B{Au(PPh3)}3]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of the [N(PPh3)2]+ salt of [Ru3(CO)9(B2H5)]– with [Ru3(CO)10(NCMe)2] yielded both the octahedral [Ru6(CO)17B]–1 and trigonal-prismatic [Ru6H2(CO)18B]–2 boride cluster anions. This result indicates that the choice of the trigonal-prismatic versus octahedral cage is not determined by the size of the interstitial atom. The salt [N(PPh3)2][Ru6H2(CO)18B] has been structurally characterised. The reactions of anions 1 and 2 with [AuCl(PPh3)], [AuCl{P(C6H4Me-2)3}], [{(Ph3P)Au}3O][BF4] and [{(2-MeC6H4)3PAu}3O][BF4] have been studied and the distribution of the products [Ru6(CO)17B{Au(PR3)}], [Ru6H(CO)16B{Au(PR3)}2] and [Ru6(CO)16B{Au(PR3)}3] as a function of R (Ph or 2-MeC6H4) and of the starting cluster has been examined. The trigold derivatives are best prepared by treating the octahedral anion 1 with [{(Ph3P)Au}3O]+. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography has confirmed that each of the gold(I) phosphine derivatives has an octahedral Ru6B core.
1093: Does Carbon Dioxide Insufflation for Laparoscopic Surgery Prevent Tumor Seeding? A Model to Assess the Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Transitional Cell Carcinoma Growth, Apoptosis and Necrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Tuesday, May 24, 2005, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 20051093: Does Carbon Dioxide Insufflation for Laparoscopic Surgery Prevent Tumor Seeding? A Model to Assess the Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Transitional Cell Carcinoma Growth, Apoptosis and Necrosis Beng Jit Tan, Jun Sy Dy, Pui Yan Chiu, Mathura A. Shiva, Michael C. Ost, Leslie Kushner, Benjamin R. Lee, and Arthur D. Smith Beng Jit TanBeng Jit Tan More articles by this author , Jun Sy DyJun Sy Dy More articles by this author , Pui Yan ChiuPui Yan Chiu More articles by this author , Mathura A. ShivaMathura A. Shiva More articles by this author , Michael C. OstMichael C. Ost More articles by this author , Leslie KushnerLeslie Kushner More articles by this author , Benjamin R. LeeBenjamin R. Lee More articles by this author , and Arthur D. SmithArthur D. Smith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35249-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1093: Does Carbon Dioxide Insufflation for Laparoscopic Surgery Prevent Tumor Seeding? A Model to Assess the Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Transitional Cell Carcinoma Growth, Apoptosis and Necrosis." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), pp. 296–297 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 296-297 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Beng Jit Tan More articles by this author Jun Sy Dy More articles by this author Pui Yan Chiu More articles by this author Mathura A. Shiva More articles by this author Michael C. Ost More articles by this author Leslie Kushner More articles by this author Benjamin R. Lee More articles by this author Arthur D. Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...