jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of an Integrated Solar-Wind Power Generator

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the soaring prices for fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, renewable energies become hot energy resources to pursue to sustain the energy consumption demand worldwide.Among different types of renewable energies, solar energy is deemed as a promising energy resource due to the abundancies of solar irradiance and the relatively clean solar panel operation process in generating electricity.Solar power generation is weather dependent, so another type of renewable energy can serve to provide adequate power to sustain the energy demand.Wind power is a good combination together with solar power, so an integrated solar-wind hybrid power generator may be a promising energy technology, especially in regions where weather variations are apparent.It is the purpose of this work to demonstrate an integrated solar-wind power generating system and analyse the performance of such a hybrid power generator.
Effect of physiotherapy interventions on physical, psychological and cognitive outcomes in MS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults and causes significant physical, mental and cognitive dysfunction. Physiotherapy management encompasses symptom management and encouragement of optimal behaviours, in particular the promotion of regular physical activity and prevention of secondary symptoms and comorbidities. This rapid review focuses on primarily adult-onset MS and summarises the most common impairments; research evidence on interventions typically used in physiotherapy management of MS; and implications for research and practice. This review will identify interventions which can be delivered by physiotherapy and compare the effects across common symptoms in MS.
A Non-computationally-intensive Neurocontroller for Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter presents a neurocontroller architecture for autonomous mobile robot navigation. The main characteristic of such neurocontroller is that it is non-computationally-intensive. It provides a learning robot with the capability to autonomously categorize input data from the environment, to deal with the stability-plasticity dilemma, and to learn a state-to-action mapping that enables it to navigate in a workspace while avoiding obstacles. The neurocontroller architecture is composed of three main modules: an adaptive categorization module, implemented by an unsupervised learning neural architecture called FAST (Flexible Adaptable-Size Topology), a reinforcement learning module (SARSA), and a short-term memory or a planning module, intended to accelerate the learning of behaviors. We describe the use of our neurocontroller in three navigation tasks, each involving a different kind of sensor: 1) obstacle avoidance using infra-red proximity sensors, 2) foraging using a color CCD camera, and 3) wall-following using a grey-level linear vision system.
Impact of water management and agronomic practices on the performance of insecticide seed treatments against rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, in Mississippi rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two field trials were conducted to determine the impact of water management on the efficacy of insecticide seed treatments against rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, in rice at the Delta Research and Extension Center during 2011 and 2012. The performance of thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, and clothianidin was evaluated when the permanent flood was established at different timings (6 and 8 weeks after planting) and the effect of flush number (0, 1, or 2) on seed treatment performance was evaluated. Seed treatment efficacy was not impacted by delayed flooding, but 2 flushes reduced efficacy of some seed treatments. Experiments were also conducted to determine the impact of reduced seeding rates found in hybrid rice production on the efficacy of insecticide seed treatments targeting rice water weevil. Efficacy was similar when comparing currently labeled rates of thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, and clothianidin with higher rates of these products.
Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Policosanol in the Treatment of Senile and Elderly Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of policosanol in the treatment of senile and elderly patients (≥75 y old) with hyperlipidemia is the main objective. 150 senile and elderly patients with hyperlipidemia from June 2011 to May 2013 were randomly divided into two groups (test group and control group) according to the order of admission. The test group was treated with policosanol 10 mg/d, while the control group was treated with atorvastatin 20 mg/d for 16 w. The changes and adverse reactions of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver and kidney function, fasting blood glucose and creatine kinase were observed before and after treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the indexes before treatment (p>0.05). After 16 w treatment, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the test group were 5.51±0.77, 1.79±0.88, 3.68±0.65 and 1.11±0.31 mmol/l before treatment and 4.90±1.03, 1.26±0.64, 3.21±0.92 and 1.31±0.30 mmol/l after treatment, respectively. The above indexes had statistical significance before and after treatment (p<0.01). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the control group were 5.59±1.10, 1.90±0.76, 3.68±1.00, 1.18±0.37 mmol/l before treatment and 4.50±1.06, 1.39±0.81, 2.69±0.89, 1.32±0.35 mmol/l after treatment, the above indexes were significantly different from those before treatment (p<0.01). In terms of the magnitude of lipid lowering, the policosanol group was weaker than the atorvastatin group, especially in lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.01). No significant adverse reactions were observed in either group. Policosanol can effectively lower the level of blood lipid in patients and it is safe and well tolerated for senile and elderly patients.
Subtype-Specific Regulation of Receptor Internalization and Recycling by the Carboxyl-Terminal Domains of the Human A1and Rat A3Adenosine Receptors:  Consequences for Agonist-Stimulated Translocation of Arrestin3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, we have characterized the differential effects on inhibitory adenosine receptor (AR) trafficking of disrupting predicted sites for palmitoylation and phosphorylation within each receptor's carboxyl terminus. While a Cys(302,305)Ala-mutated rat A(3)AR mutant internalizes significantly faster than the wild-type (WT) receptor in response to agonist exposure, analogous mutation of the human A(1)AR (Cys(309)Ala) had no effect on receptor internalization. Moreover, unlike the WT A(3)AR, the entire pool of internalized mutant A(3)AR is able to recycle back to the plasma membrane following agonist removal. These properties do not reflect utilization of an alternative trafficking pathway, as internalized WT and mutant A(3)ARs both accumulate into transferrin receptor-positive endosomal compartments. However, receptor accumulation into endosomes is dependent upon prior G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation of the receptor's carboxyl terminus, as replacement of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the human A(1)AR with the 14 GRK-phosphorylated amino acids of the rat A(3)AR confers rapid agonist-mediated endosomal accumulation of the resulting chimeric A(1)CT3AR. Sensitivity to GRK-mediated phosphorylation also dictates the distinct redistribution of arrestin3 observed upon agonist exposure. Thus, while the nonphosphorylated A(1)AR redistributes arrestin3 from the cytoplasm to punctate clusters at the plasma membrane, GRK-phosphorylated WT and Cys(302,305)Ala-mutated A(3)ARs, as well as the A(1)CT3AR chimera, each induce the redistribution of arrestin3 into punctate accumulations both at the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm. Neither the human A(1)AR nor the rat A(3)AR colocalized with arrestin3 under basal or agonist-stimulated conditions. Together, these results demonstrate that inhibitory AR-mediated changes in arrestin3 distribution are subtype-specific, with specificity correlating with the sensitivity of the receptor's carboxyl-terminal domain to GRK phosphorylation. In the case of the rat A(3)AR, sensitivity to GRK-mediated internalization appears to be regulated in part by the integrity of putative palmitate attachment sites upstream of its GRK phosphoacceptor sites.
An Artificial Neural Network Model for Highway Accident Prediction: A Case Study of Erzurum, Turkey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents an accident prediction model of Erzurum’s Highways in Turkey using artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. There are many ANN models for predicting the number of accidents on highways that were developed using 8 years with 7,780 complete accident reports of historical data (2005-2012). The best ANN model was chosen for this task and the model parameters included years, highway sections, section length (km), annual average daily traffic (AADT), the degree of horizontal curvature, the degree of vertical curvature, traffic accidents with heavy vehicles (percentage), and traffic accidents that occurred in summer (percentage). In the ANN model development, the sigmoid activation function was employed with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The performance of the developed ANN model was evaluated by mean square error (MSE), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). The model results indicate that the degree of vertical curvature is the most important parameter that affects the number of accidents on highways.
Inhibitory Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are Involved in Decrease of Heart Rate Variability and Development of Depression-Like Behaviors in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Diminished heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed in epilepsy, especially in epilepsy with depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Methods We studied HRV, spontaneous recurrent seizures, and depression-like behaviors in different phases of pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify various nerve cell subsets in TLE mice with and without depression. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed in epilepsy, depression, and HRV central control–related brain areas. Results We found decreased HRV parameters in TLE mice, and alterations were positively correlated with the severity of depression-like behaviors. The severity of depression-like behaviors was correlated with the frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizure. Characteristic expression of mitochondria-related genes was significantly elevated in mice with depression in glial cells, and the enrichment analysis of those DEGs showed an enriched GABAergic synapse pathway in the HRV central control–related brain area. Furthermore, inhibitory neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius, which is an HRV central control–related brain area, were specifically expressed in TLE mice combined with depression compared with those in mice without depression. A significantly enriched long-term depression pathway in DEGs from inhibitory neurons was found. Conclusions Our study reported correlations between HRV and epilepsy–depression comorbidity in different phases of TLE. More importantly, we found that HRV central control-related inhibitory neurons are involved in the development of depression in TLE, providing new insights into epilepsy comorbid with depression.
Fabrication technique and structure of NbO electrolytic capacitor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Compared with tantalum electrolytic capacitor,NbO electrolytic capacitor show superior electrical performance and lower price.In the present review,the fabrication technique and structure of NbO electrolytic capacitor were introduced,and the recent progresses in the fabrication of NbO electrolytic capacitor were reviewed in terms of the raw material and fabrication technique.The progresses discussed include: synthesis of NbO powder with high mobility by two-step reduction in Mg vapor atmosphere;improving the electrical properties of NbO powder by doping;reducing the leakage-current of capacitor by introducing a conductive polymer layer between the graphite and silver layers.Some potential future developments in NbO electrolytic capacitor were discussed finally.
Andrographolide Inhibits Oxidized LDL-Induced Cholesterol Accumulation and Foam Cell Formation in Macrophages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

oxLDL is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions through cholesterol accumulation in macrophage foam cells. Andrographolide, the bioactive component of Andrographis paniculata, possesses several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anticancer functions. Scavenger receptors (SRs), including class A SR (SR-A) and CD36, are responsible for the internalization of oxLDL. In contrast, receptors for reverse cholesterol transport, including ABCA1 and ABCG1, mediate the efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells. Transcription factor liver X receptor [Formula: see text] (LXR[Formula: see text] plays a key role in lipid metabolism and inflammation as well as in the regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Because of the contribution of inflammation to macrophage foam cell formation and the potent anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide, we hypothesized that andrographolide might inhibit oxLDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation. The results showed that andrographolide reduced oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells. Andrographolide decreased the mRNA and protein expression of CD36 by inducing the degradation of CD36 mRNA; however, andrographolide had no effect on SR-A expression. In contrast, andrographolide increased the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which were dependent on LXR[Formula: see text]. Andrographolide enhanced LXR[Formula: see text] nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity. Treatment with the LXR[Formula: see text] antagonist GGPP and transfection with LXR[Formula: see text] siRNA reversed the ability of andrographolide to stimulate ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression. In conclusion, inhibition of CD36-mediated oxLDL uptake and induction of ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux are two working mechanisms by which andrographolide inhibits macrophage foam cell formation, which suggests that andrographolide could be a potential candidate to prevent atherosclerosis.
Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms of Artemisinin Resistance-related pfubp1 and pfap2mu Genes in Imported Plasmodium Falciparum to Wuhan, China

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

BackgroundMolecular markers for monitoring resistance could help improve malaria treatment policies. Delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum by Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) has been reported in several countries. In addition to the PfKelch13 (pfk13), new drug resistance genes, the ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (pfubp1) and the eadaptor protein complex 2 mu subunit (pfap2mu) have been identified as being linked to ACTs. This study investigated the prevalence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in clinical P. falciparum isolates pfubp1 and pfap2mu imported from Africa and Southeast Asia (SEA) to Wuhan, China, to provide baseline data for antimalarial resistance monitoring in this region.MethodsPeripheral Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2019. The SNPs of Pfubp1 and pfap2mu of P. falciparum were determined by nested PCR and Sanger sequencing. ResultsIn total, 296 samples were collected. Subsequently, 92.23% (273/296) were successfully amplified and sequenced for the Pfubp1. There were 60.07% (164/273) wild strains and 39.93% (109/273) mutant strains. For the pfap2mu gene, it was divided into three fragments for amplification, 82.77% (245/296), 90.20% (267/296) and 94.59% (280/296) were sequenced successfully respectively. Genotypes reportedly associated with ACTs resistance detected in this study included pfubp1 D1525E as well as E1528D and pfap2mu S160N. The mutation prevalence rates were 10.99% (30/273), 13.19% (36/273) and 11.24% (30/267), respectively. These are all focused on Congo, Nigeria and Angola. And known delayed-clearance parasite mutation has also been found in SEA.ConclusionsThe existence of mutation sites of known clearance genes detected in the isolates in this study, including D1525E and E1528D in the pfubp1 gene, and S160N in the pfap2mu gene, further proved the risk of ACTs resistance. Constant vigilance is therefore needed to protect the effectiveness of ACTs, and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant P. falciparum. Further studies in malaria-endemic countries are needed to further validate potential genetic markers for monitoring parasite populations in Africa and SEA.
[The incidence of intestinal helminths in Samsun district].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

17954 stool specimens that were brought to the Microbiology department of Ondokuzmayis University were investigated in regard to the intestinal helminth eggs and the incidence was found to be 16% and 62% of them being Ascaris lumbricoides. The incidence of the intestinal helminth which was %21.08 in 1978 was found to be decreased to %10.45 in 1984.
THE EFFECT OF WALKING 10,000 STEPS/DAY ON THE CORONARY RISK FACTOR PROFILES IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of walking 10,000 steps/day on the body composition, blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters and physical fitness. Sixty-one women, aged 56.0±5.3 yrs (mean±SD), participated in a hyperlipemia prevention program. The length of the program was 90-min and it was performed one time per week for 3 months. The program consisted of stretching and aerobic exercise (cycle exercise, walking or aerobic rhythmic gymnastics). The participants were asked to walk 10,000 steps/day or more during the program. The number of steps and physical activity (PA) were monitored using a single-axis accelerometer during the program. PA was categorized into three activity levels, namely light (L), moderate (M) and vigorous (V) PA. After 3 months in the program, the participants were divided into two groups according to the average number of steps taken daily during the program : one group (GA) walked more than 10,000 steps/day, while the other (GB) walked below 10,000 steps/day. The time spent in LPA, MPA and VPA in GA were significantly longer than in GB (LPA : 79.4±19.2 min VS 58.2±10.0 min, MPA : 38.5±9.6 min VS 21.6±6.1 min, VPA : 6.3±4.9 min VS 2.6±2.0 min, p<0.001). Decreases in the percent body fat (p<0.001), body fat mass (p<0.001), fasting glucose (p<0.001), hemoglobin A1c (p=0.026), and triglyceride (p=0.036) and an improved performance when balancing on one leg while standing with eyes closed (p=0.027) were found respectively after the program for GA. These findings indicated that GA affected the percent body fat (p=0.036), body fat mass (p=0.040) and fasting glucose (p=0.009). According to a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the time spent in MPA showed a significantly negative correlation with the change in the body fat mass (p=0.025), and the change in the body fat mass showed a significantly positive correlation with the change in the fasting glucose (p<0.001), hemoglobin A1c (p=0.002) and triglyceride (p<0.001). We thus concluded that walking 10,000 steps/day resulted in an increased amount of time spent in MPA, and thus leading to decrease in the amount of body fat. This decrease in body fat is also considered to contribute to improvement in the coronary risk factor profiles.
Stylistic fusion in the Cabaret Songs of Benjamin Britten and W.H. Auden : a performer's analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Cabaret Songs of W.H. Auden and Benjamin Britten merge characteristics of a multitude of styles. The purpose of this document is to investigate the fusion of styles making up the Cabaret Songs and to analyze them from a performer’s perspective with the goal of providing collaborative partnerships with an historical and musical foundation on which to build their interpretation of the Cabaret Songs and thereby serve as a basis for informed performance decisions. Chapter 1 includes biographical information for both Benjamin Britten and W.H. Auden focusing on how the two artists met and discusses their working relationship during the seven years in which they collaborated. Also included is a short section of relevant biographical information on the singer/actress Hedli Anderson for whom the Cabaret Songs were created. Chapter 2 includes a brief overview of the history of the European cabaret-artistique and examines the creation and development of this art form. Examples of cabaret songs from other composers, namely Erik Satie, Kurt Weill, Friedrich Hollaender, and Noel Coward are given to show the musical soil of the era, from which the Britten and Auden pieces sprouted. Chapter 3 discusses the Cabaret Songs on a song-by-song basis and provides a musical analysis from a performer’s perspective, outlining the different musical influences in each song and investigating the cross-pollination of musical styles. The songs will be examined for characteristics of traditional European art song, operatic elements, American popular song elements, European dance rhythms and elements of original European cabaret.
Trends Analysis of Public Expenditure on Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study critically analyze the trends analysis of public expenditure on infrastructure and economic growth in Nigeria, from 1970 to 2010. The objective of the study is to examine the trend in public expenditure on infrastructure in Nigeria between 1970 to 2010; to compare the trend in public expenditure between the various regimes in Nigeria between 1970 to 2010; to evaluate the relationship between expenditure on infrastructure and long-run economic growth; access the factors that influence public expenditure growth in infrastructure; test for the stability of growth in public expenditure on infrastructure over time and derive policy recommendations based on the findings of the study.
Effects of two phase traction loading on a three phase power transformer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents various power quality issues, voltage unbalance and harmonic distortion on a three phase power transformer. In our power system different power stations including substations deliver power to different loads along with traction which causes voltage unbalance resulting in large energy loss. In today's situation we can't afford these much energy loss as we are at the peaking edge of energy scarcity. So this paper has greater scope as it analyses effects of voltage unbalance on power system. MATLAB simulation model is used for this analysis. A large amount of energy can be saved by reducing the voltage unbalance due to traction load and this paper provides awareness to the society.