jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An enhanced image encryption technique combining genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization with chaotic function

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image encryption is a very common and attractive issue in digital image processing. Here, a combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization with a chaotic function model is proposed for image encryption. This paper uses the genetic algorithm for the enhanced encryption of pixel value and particle swarm optimization for improving the optimization process. The proposed method is divided into two parts. In the first stage, the plain RGB image is used for the initial population and then the genetic algorithm is applied to encrypt the image. In the next stage, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied for deciding the best-encrypted image. Next, the best image is re-encrypted until the best value is found. The double-point crossover is used for encryption. On the other hand, entropy is used as a fitness function for analyzing the fitness value. The obtained average entropy of the image is approximately 7.999, which is very close to the ideal value of entropy.
Advancing systems engineering in support of the bid and proposal process

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Qualifying strategic opportunities to pursue and capitalizing on those opportunities is key to the very survival of an organization. Successful organizations that thrive on contract work capture contracts and earn a profit executing those contracts. Systems engineers are generally the “cradle to grave” technical points of contact for projects and are charged with guiding the definition of the technical solutions in the early lifecycle stages. This paper examines existing research that may guide systems engineering in support of bid and proposal pursuits. Systems engineering, software engineering, bid management, economics, finance, game theory, and cognitive psychology literature are all mined for areas related to bidding. As a result, a number of research opportunities are identified. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14
Proliferative activity in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma measured by immunohistochemistry using Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha antibody, and by flow cytometry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The proliferative activity of various parts of normal and malignant endometrium was evaluated using an immunohistochemical approach and flow cytometry (FCM). The two monoclonal antibodies, Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha antibody (anti-poly alpha antibody) were used to detect the proliferative activity of cells, and the percentage of the Ki-67 and anti-poly alpha positive cells were measured. Proliferative indices (PI; percentage of S and G2M phase) and DNA ploidy were measured by FCM. Normal endometrial specimens from 29 patients with benign diseases were used and three different parts (fundus, middle, and low part of the uterus) were examined. In the proliferative phase of normal endometrium, there was no significant difference in the proliferative activity in the three parts. In 20 patients with endometrial carcinomas with myometrial invasion, tissues were taken from the myometrial invasive site and the central part of the tumor tissue. In the cases of endometrial carcinoma, the myometrial invasive site had a higher proliferative activity than central part of the tissue. The proliferative activity measured by the immunohistochemistry was correlated with the histological grade of malignancy, but it was not consistent with PI by FCM. This suggests that the proliferative activity measured by the immunohistochemistry is independent of flow cytometric PI.
New electronic-transition laser systems. Part I. electron pumped systems. Midterm technical report no. 8 Aug 75--15 Apr 76

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Considerable progress in understanding the kinetic processes involved in electron-pumped rare gas-halogen mixtures, particularly Ar/I/sub 2/, is reported. This gas system has great promise as a scalable, high-power laser medium capable of being pumped by electron beam, e-beam-sustained discharge, or nuclear fission fragments. The kinetic model involves the production of excited rare gas, followed by two very fast neutral energy transfer steps. The selective energy flow is simply represented as Ar* to I* to I/sub 2/* followed by collisional relaxation of the I/sub 2/* to a single state radiating the 342.5 nm band with high fluorescence yield. Extensive experimental measurements were made to test this model and to measure the relevant rate coefficients and cross-sections. Kinetic steps involving halogen ions cannot be completely ruled out, but the results given argue against their importance. Sustained discharge pumping is discussed briefly and a projected overall efficiency of approximately 20% is predicted. (auth)
Knowledge, attitudes and behavior of physicians towards influenza infection and vaccination during pregnancy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: In our study, we aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Family Physicians (FP) and obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) physicians about influenza infection during pregnancy and the influenza vaccine administered during pregnancy, as well as the factors that influence them. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 419 OB-GYN and FP practicing in Istanbul between November 15, 2017, and March 15, 2018. A 14-item survey was administered face-to-face to assess sociodemographic factors, influenza vaccination recommendation status, and knowledge level regarding influenza infection and vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 11.48% of the participants themselves had been vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy, and 48.68% of the participants recommended influenza vaccination during pregnancy. There was a statistically significant difference between vaccination recommendation status (p=0.014) and age (p=0.014), the institution of employment (p=0.002), specialty (p=0.008), having received the influenza vaccine during pregnancy (p<0.001), and find it beneficial to include pregnant women in the risk group for influenza vaccination (p<0.001). The independent variables of knowledge regarding influenza infection and vaccination during pregnancy (OR=2.60, p=0.034) and survey total score (OR=1.36, p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated based on the results of a multiple logistic regression analysis of influenza vaccine recommendation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The knowledge and awareness of physicians should be improved to increase influenza vaccination rates during pregnancy. Furthermore, incorporating influenza vaccines into the standard maternal immunization schedule might help in increasing the vaccination rates.
Cancer of the thyroid in youth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This is a review of 68 patients 20 years of age and younger with well‐differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid seen at the University of North Carolina Memorial Hospital and University of Iowa Hospital since 1935. These patients are included in the Thyroid Carcinoma Registry that provides continuing follow‐up of all patients with carcinoma of the thyroid at these 2 hospitals. The historical, clinical, laboratory, and surgical pathological findings in these 68 patients, their treatment, and survival are reported. Comparisons are made with findings in the 486 patients 21 years of age or older with well‐differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid seen during the same time. The most striking finding of this clinical investigation is that only 1 of the 68 patients, followed up for as long as 30 years, has died as a result of the well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma. There was a history of irradiation to the head or neck, 28% of patients younger than 15 years of age, 15% of those 15 to 20 years of age, and 6% of patients older than 21 years. The results of this study reaffirm the conclusion that the treatment of well‐differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid in young patients as in older patients is empirical. Our experience suggests that the surgical approach should be determined by the biologic aggressiveness of the disease. Lobectomy, including isthmusectomy, is performed for well‐circumscribed lesions less than 2 cm in diameter in the absence of lymph node metastases. Near total thyroidectomy is advised in the presence of unilateral disease and ipsilateral lymph node metastases. Total thyroidectomy is performed for multifocal disease, when required to remove gross neoplasm, with bilateral lymph node metastases, and with follicular carcinoma in the presence of metastatic disease. Thyroid hormone therapy is used prophylactically. Radioiodine is advised for inoperable, residual, or recurrent disease .
Diagnosis and Management of Radiation Necrosis in Patients With Brain Metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of radiotherapy, either in the form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), remains the cornerstone for the treatment of brain metastases (BM). As the survival of patients with BM is being prolonged, due to improved systemic therapy (i.e., for better extra-cranial control) and increased use of SRS (i.e., for improved intra-cranial control), patients are clinically manifesting late effects of radiotherapy. One of these late effects is radiation necrosis (RN). Unfortunately, symptomatic RN is notoriously hard to diagnose and manage. The features of RN overlap considerably with tumor recurrence, and misdiagnosing RN as tumor recurrence may lead to deleterious treatment which may cause detrimental effects to the patient. In this review, we will explore the pathophysiology of RN, risk factors for its development, and the strategies to evaluate and manage RN.
Algorithmic Unfairness on Digital Labor Platforms: How Algorithmic Management Practices Disadvantage Workers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On digital labor platforms, interactions between workers and clients are algorithmically managed. Previous research found that algorithmic management can disadvantage workers. In this paper, we empirically examine algorithmic unfairness from a sociotechnical perspective. Specifically, we conduct online focus groups with 23 workers who directly interact with algorithmic management practices on digital labor platforms. In using grounded theory methodology, we pursue to understand how algorithmic management promotes unfairness on digital labor platforms. Our emergent theory understands algorithmic unfairness as algorithmic management practices that give rise to systematic disadvantages for workers. Algorithmic management practices either automate decisions or automate the delegation of decisions. Workers experience systematic disadvantages in the form of devaluation, restriction, and exclusion. Our findings serve as a starting point for mitigating algorithmic unfairness in the future.
The Analysis of Grid GIS and Cloud GIS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

How the Grid Computing and Cloud Computing to impact GIS from the point of GIS construction was analyzed. The definition, characteristic and research content of Grid GIS and Cloud GIS were elaborated. Then the differences and similarities between Grid GIS and Cloud GIS were discussed from the perspective of user types, application methods, resource sources, key technologies, business models and information security. The development of Grid GIS and Cloud GIS were also discussed.
The Double Curse Effect or Does Petroleum Patriarchy Affect Acceptability of Wife Battery in Former Soviet Countries?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Exploring social attitudes towards acceptability of intimate partner violence (IPV) is essential to understanding the nature of IPV. Attitudes justifying acceptability of wife battery may strongly predict perpetration and victimization as well as institutional responses to IPV against women. Feminist scholars emphasize that supportive attitudes towards wife beating are largely impacted by the prevalence of patriarchal values and traditional gender roles in society. Petroleum patriarchy theory suggests that oil rich countries experience greater gender inequality and have stronger patriarchal values. The current study integrates these two theories using the concept of the double curse effect. The study used mixed - effect ordered logistic regression to assess attitudes towards wife beating while utilizing individual and country level variables. The data on gendered attitudes includes attitudes about justification of wife beating that were derived from the World Values Survey, Wave 6, for the period 2010-2014. The data included 14,872 respondents from 10 former Soviet countries. Data on oil and gas revenues for post-Soviet countries were obtained from the Ross-Mahdavi Oil and Gas Dataset. The data on HDI, GDI, GII were derived from UN reports. The indicators represent dimensions of human development and gender inequality at the country level. This study showed that individuals from oil rich post-Soviet countries and individuals who support statements about gender inequality are more prone to justify wife battery. Results from this study support the double curse concept. Further, this study is unique as it analyzed an understudied region and focused on the impact of the individual and structural level data on attitudes towards wife beating.
Bismarck, Tom Paine and the Good Soldier Schweik: Modalities of Nationalism and Individualism in the Work of Ladislav Holy and the Durkheimian Tradition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Th is is for the first time that the Czech Association for Social Anthropology (CASA) decided to publish a text of the annually held Ladislav Holý Lecture, hoping that future guest lecturers will also contribute with their texts. The editors would hereby like to thank to Dr. Elizabeth Hallam of the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute for her invaluable advice related to the design of peer review in the case of lecture texts.Text of the 2019 Ladislav Holy lecture, delivered in Prague on 12 January 2019 at theinvitation of the Czech Association for Social Anthropology (CASA).
Physiological characterization of gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The motile, unicellular freshwater flagellate Euglena gracilis uses external stimuli, like gravity, light or oxygen pressure in order to orient itself in its natural habitat. In the darkness the cells normally show a negative gravitactic behavior, that means they swim upward in the water column, Many ground and space experiment revealed that gravitaxis is most likely based on active physiological mechanisms (involvement of calcium, cAMP, membrane potential and other parameters).
Imagining a new future: elimination of child support obligations for child welfare-involved families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As we imagine the next generation of public child welfare, efforts to identify and eliminate practices that are harmful to families must be pursued. This commentary uses available research evidence to argue against child support enforcement for child welfare-involved families. Although research on this topic is sparse, the evidence from the few available studies suggests that child support enforcement likely harms child welfare-involved families. It delays reunification, increases family financial precarity, is cost ineffective, and is anathema to the values of family support. Federal policies that require or encourage referral of child welfare-involved families to child support agencies should be eliminated to better promote family strengths and cohesion.
HoneyBee: Data Recipes for Vision-Language Reasoners

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have made them highly effective at reasoning tasks. However, the principles underlying the construction of performant VL reasoning training datasets remain poorly understood. In this work, we introduce several data curation approaches and study their impacts on VL reasoning capabilities by carefully controlling training and evaluation setups. We analyze the effects of context (image and question pair) sources, implement targeted data interventions, and explore scaling up images, questions, and chain-of-thought (CoT) solutions. Our findings reveal that (a) context source strategies significantly affect VLM performance, (b) interventions such as auxiliary signals from image captions and the inclusion of text-only reasoning yield substantial gains, and (c) scaling all data dimensions (e.g., unique questions per image and unique CoTs per image-question pair) consistently improves reasoning capability. Motivated by these insights, we introduce HoneyBee, a large-scale, high-quality CoT reasoning dataset with 2.5M examples consisting 350K image-question pairs. VLMs trained with HoneyBee outperform state-of-the-art models across model sizes. For instance, a HoneyBee-trained VLM with 3B parameters outperforms the SOTA model and the base model by 7.8% and 24.8%, respectively, on MathVerse. Furthermore, we propose a test-time scaling strategy that reduces decoding cost by 73% without sacrificing accuracy. Overall, this work presents improved strategies for VL reasoning dataset curation research.
0Consistency Maintenance in the Design of Autonomous Agent Representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-representation models are an attractive design solution for layered autonomous agent architectures in terms of managing complexity of internal representations and separation of design concerns. However, the representations maintained by the multiple layers can become inconsistent with one another due to the nature of the layers&apos; concerns and capabilities. Consistency maintenance in multi-representation models is an emerging concern in many domains, such as military simulations. We present an approach to consistency maintenance in multi-tier agent architectures. We draw on experience and techniques from the multi-representation modeling community. The benefit of this approach for autonomous agent designers is a conceptual framework through which to organize systems that must deal with temporal and mapping inconsistencies. Introduction This paper provides a conceptual framework for designing autonomous agents which maintain multiple internal representations. Many of today&apos;s agents...
A study on serotypes of U. urealyticum isolated from patients with urogenital infections in Changchun area

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate urogenital infections with U.urealyticum(UU)isolated from patients with STD and the distribution of serotypes in different populations in Changchun area. Methods:184 UU islates was identified by 14 standard UU typing antisera in metabolism inhibition test.Results:Variety of patient groups has distinct preponderant serotypes in inapparent infection patient group:in group of patients with urogenital infectious symptoms preporderant serotypes was 4?3?8 and 1,respectively,according their frequency. However,in group of patients without symptoms preponderant serotypes was 3?6?14 and 4,respectively. Isolation rate of UU serotype 4 and 8 was remarkably higher in aparent infection group than that of inapparent infection group; 8 strains of untyping UU was isolated in apparent infection group.Conclusion:In Changchun area, both UU serotype 4 and 8 is associated with apparent infection,whereas 3, 6 and 14 are major colonizational strains; Multi serotypes and untyping UU infections are closely related to sexually promiscuous behaviour.
Comparison between continuous-wave and pulsed photorefraction in barium titanate

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A numerical model of photorefraction in barium titanate with simultaneous hole and electron photoconductivity and combined deep and secondary photorefractive centers is compared with experimental observations of both continuous-wave (10 mW/cm2–20 W/cm2) and pulsed high-peak-intensity (1–40 MW/cm2) laser illumination. Between 10 mW/cm2 and 20 W/cm2 (continuous wave) and below ~10 MW/cm2 (pulsed) the sample is hole dominated and has a sublinear intensity-dependent response time, whereas above ~12 MW/cm2 (pulsed) the crystal displays dominant electron conductivity and has a superlinear intensity-dependent response time.
Identification of neprilysin as a potential target of arteannuin using computational drug repositioning

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The discovery of arteannuin (qinghaosu) in the 20th Century was a major advance for medicine. Besides functioning as a malaria therapy, arteannuin is a pharmacological agent in a range of other diseases, but its mechanism of action remains obscure. In this study, the reverse docking server PharmMapper was used to identify potential targets of arteannuin. The results were checked using the chemical-protein interactome servers DRAR-CPI and DDI-CPI, and verified by AutoDock Vina. The results showed that neprilysin (also known as CD10), a common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen, was the top disease-related target of arteannuin. The chemical-protein interactome and docking results agreed with those of PharmMapper, further implicating neprilysin as a potential target. Although experimental verification is required, this study provides guidance for future pharmacological investigations into novel clinical applications for arteannuin.
Pre Scaling Up Of Chickpea Technologies at Dawa Chefa District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chickpea is the most important leguminous food grain in the diets of people in South and West Asia and Northern Africa [1]. In the long-term, Ethiopia’s competitiveness in chickpea exports would critically depend on improving productivity, enhancing grain quality and ability to consistently supply required volumes of market-preferred products at competitive prices. Evidence from participatory variety selection showed that chick pea varieties Minjar and Kasech had a greater yield potential as compared to their categories i.e. Dessi and Kabuli types [2]. A total of 17 voluntary farmers having 5.25 ha of land were selected at Tuche kebele of Dawa chefa district. 5Qt seed of Minjar variety was provided to selected farmers based on their clustered farms. Farmers were implementing farm activities on selected experiment sites of each cluster in collaboration with extension agents. Field day has been organized by Sirinka agricultural research center and coordinating role was given for socioeconomics and agricultural extension research directorate. Farmer’s during interviews reveals that using the improved variety Minjar is very important for preventing chocolate spot. Therefore, Scaling out Minjar variety should be carried at Dawa chefa and similar agro ecological areas through strengthening seed producer Cooperatives.
Studies of neuroendocrine mechanisms influencing seasonal variations in semen production and plasma hormone levels in rams : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study showed that there are specific metabolic perturbations which occur in the CSF as a result of high cholesterol loading. Given the changes of short peptide fragments in particular, the effects are likely the consequence of brain degeneration caused by high cholesterol levels. Further investigations of these masses will lead to a greater understanding of the metabolic mechanisms associated with cholesterol-related AD development. Some of these masses may be used as candidates for the development of diagnostic, prognostic or theranostic markers.