jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Pain Management in Children With Appendicitis in a Biethnic Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Our goal was to examine factors associated with the administration of emergency department analgesia (any analgesia, opioid analgesia) in patients with acute appendicitis in a tertiary children’s hospital in Israel, and to examine ethnic differences. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children evaluated in the emergency department, who had International Classification Of Disease—Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Regression analysis was used to test the effect of multiple variables on the provision of analgesia. Medications were administered according to a nurse-driven pain protocol. Multivariate regression was performed to estimate the strength of association between ethnicity and provision of analgesia. The effect of patient-nurse ethnicity concordance was assessed. Results: During the 6-year study period, there were 715 children with acute appendicitis, 457 Jews and 258 Arabs. Overall, 289 (40.4%) received some form of analgesia, and 139 (19.4%) received opioid analgesia. Univariate analysis revealed that higher pain score ( P <0.001) and higher triage acuity ( P <0.001) were associated with administration of any type of analgesia and of opioid analgesia. When adjusted for age, weight, sex, triage category, pain score, and 24-hour time of arrival, Jewish and Arab patients had similar likelihood of receiving analgesia of any type 41.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.3%-43.3%) versus 40.7% (95% CI, 38.7%-42.8%), and receiving opioid analgesia 26.1% (95% CI, 24.4%-27.8%) versus 25.3% (95% CI, 22.9%-27.7%). Similar proportions of Jewish and Arab patients received analgesia from Jewish and Arab nurses. Conclusions: Low rates of analgesia and opioid administration were found with no ethnic differences.
The Kapteyn (lognormal) distribution as a model of GRB spectra and pulse profiles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a simple model of the spectrum and time profile of a gamma‐ray burst with little emphasis on physical interpretation, and we suggest the usefulness of a standard model. We adopt as our model a probability density function attributable to the astronomer J. C. Kapteyn. We suggest a simple interpretation of the distribution in the context of gamma‐ray astrophysics, avoiding any discussion of progenitor objects.
“Ungovernable Feelings and Passions”: Common Sense Philosophy and Mental State Defences in Nineteenth Century Scotland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the nineteenth century, changing conceptions of mental disorder had profound implications for the way that criminal responsibility was conceived. As medical writers and practitioners increasingly drew attention to the complexities of insanity, the grounds on which mentally abnormal offenders could be excused began to seem unduly restrictive. By way of a contribution to our understanding of this development, this article examines how the growing disparity unfolded in Scotland. The author argues that the requirements of the insanity defence, as set out within judicial directions, reflect core facets of Scottish Common Sense philosophical thought, including Thomas Reid's view of human agency and understanding of ‘common sense’. Building on this contention, the author suggests that Scottish Common Sense philosophy played an important role in the development of Scottish mental state defences more broadly, and can provide an original interpretation of the way the doctrines of provocation and diminished responsibility changed during this era.
Suppression of tumorigenicity of a Wilms' tumor cell line is associated with a decrease in synthesis of two proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Wilms' tumor has been associated with deletions in two loci on chromosome 11, and the introduction of a translocated human chromosome [t(X;11)] into a Wilms' tumor cell line (G401.6TG.6) by microcell hybridization suppresses tumor formation in nude mice. The tumorigenic phenotype is restored in segregants of these microcell hybrids, in which the introduced chromosome is lost. We have used ultrahigh-resolution 'giant' two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of metabolically labeled cellular proteins and in vitro translation products of isolated mRNA to identify changes in cellular gene expression that occur in these cell lines. The changes in gene expression associated with these chromosomal manipulations per se are quite minimal. However, we have identified two proteins (p16 and p28) whose synthesis is consistently decreased in three non-tumorigenic (suppressed) microcell hybrid clones relative to parental and segregant tumorigenic lines. They are also decreased at the level of mRNA in at least two of the non-tumorigenic clones. The decrease of these proteins represents markers of the suppressed phenotype, and their down-regulation may conceivably mediate the suppression of tumorigenicity.
ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF TRANSFORMATION OF HEAT IN THE PROCESSES RECTIFICATION OF BRAGA

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To assess whether the use of vapor recompression in distilling plants, mathematical modeling and optimization modes vessels with transformers warmth. The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of using vapor recompression processes rectification of braga and optimize energy economic parameters of heat pump installations. The distillation column can be operated at different pressures, the temperature difference between the boiling liquid in a bottom part of the column and the vapor leavi ng the top part is from 1 2 (in the final column purification) 10 25 (in use, distillation columns). A small temperature difference allows obtain high values of the heating rate, while the high intensity of the processes of heat transfer in condensation and boiling provides a relatively small heat exchange surface in the respective heat exchangers and capital investments in them. These circumstances require high economic efficiency of application of heat pump installations. After analyzing the data, concluded that for option 1 (work rectification columns under vacuum) to an optimum mode of operation corresponds to the saturation temperature of the compressed vapor 98, the pressure of the alcohol vapor compressor after this will be P2=191 kPa. For option 2 (work of the distillation column at low vacuum) optimum temperature value t2=107 C, the pressure of the compressed steam P2=244 kPa. For option 3 (work of the distillation column at the small of excessive pressure) it is economically feasible t2=110 C, P2=265 kPa. The optimal-temperature pressure in the boiler for the considered variants respectively co-tute of 5.4; 5,3 5,3; the increased pressure of the compressor is accordingly to 3.67; 2,98; to 2.57.
Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Cannabinoid Use in Oncology Supportive Care Outpatients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Information about the frequency of cannabinoid use and the clinical characteristics of its users in oncology supportive care is limited. This study explored associations between cannabinoid use and cancer-related clinical characteristics in a cancer population. Patients and Methods: This retrospective review included 332 patients who had a urine drug test (UDT) for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) together with completion of an Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and cannabinoid history questionnaire on the same day that urine was obtained during 1 year in the supportive care clinic. Results: The frequency of positive results for THC in a UDT was 22.9% (n=76). Significant statistical differences were seen between THC-positive and THC-negative patients for age (median of 52 [lower quartile, 44; upper quartile, 56] vs 58 [48; 67] years; P <.001), male sex (53.9% vs 39.5%; P =.034), and past or current cannabinoid use (65.8% vs 26.2%; P <.001). Statistical significance was observed in ESAS items between the THC-positive and THC-negative groups for pain (7 [lower quartile, 5; upper quartile; 8] vs 5 [3; 7]; P =.001), nausea (1 [0; 3] vs 0 [0; 3]; P =.049), appetite (4 [2; 7] vs 3 [0; 5.75]; P =.015), overall well-being (5.5 [4; 7] vs 5 [3; 6]; P =.002), spiritual well-being (5 [2; 6] vs 3 [1; 3]; P =.015), insomnia (7 [5; 9] vs 4 [2; 7]; P <.001), and total ESAS (52 [34; 66] vs 44 [29; 54]; P =.001). Among patients who reported current or past cannabinoid use, THC-positive patients had higher total scores and scores for pain, appetite, overall well-being, spiritual well-being, and insomnia than THC-negative patients. Conclusions: Patients with cancer receiving outpatient supportive care who had positive UDT results for THC had higher symptom severity scores for pain, nausea, appetite, overall and spiritual well-being, and insomnia compared with their THC-negative counterparts. These results highlight potential opportunities to improve palliative care.
Study on relationship between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor gene and female bone mineral density

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the possible relationship between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor gene and bone mineral density (BMD) in women.Methods One hundred and twenty-one young heathy women and postmenopausal women enrolled into the study.Firstly,bone mineral density of lumbar spine and femoral neck,Ward triangle and trochanteric areas were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Secondly,the genotypes of estrogen receptor were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results There was a significant relationship between estrogen receptor and bone mineral density of lumbar spine in postmenopausal women.In young healthy women,women with PP genotypes had lower Ward′s bone mass than those with Pp and pp ones.However,there was no significant difference between RFLP by XbaⅠ and bone mineral density in young women.BMD at Ward triangle of genotype PPXx was significantly lower than that of other genotypes.Conclusion The results suggested that there is an association between estrogen receptor genotypes and BMD in Chinese.
Hallazgos histopatológicos en nematodos Anisakidae, expuestos a extractos acuosos vegetales con capacidad nematicida <i>in vitro</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objetive. Expose nematodes of the Anisakidae family to different aqueous extracts and identify the aqueous extracts with nematicidal capacity. Material and methods. The concentrations of the bioactive compounds of the aqueous extracts of epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), onion (Allium cepa), siempre viva (Kalanchoe pinnata) and xoconostle (Opuntia oligacantha) were identified. Live parasites of the Anisakidae family were obtained from Lisa fish (Mugilidae), to be exposed to different concentrations of aqueous extracts. Results. K. pinnata and O. oligocantha presented a higher concentration of bioactive components of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins; as well as in the antioxidant activity of DPPH and ABTS. Parasite mortality occurred at a concentration of 855 mg/mL for K. pinnata of 100% at 48 hours, and in pulp and whole fruit of O. oligacantha, with mortality of 66% at 72 hours. The main histopathological changes caused by K. pinnata were muscle vacuoles; the whole fruit of O. oligocantha degeneration of the intestinal epithelium and vacuolization; the seed caused edema, intestinal degeneration, and vacuolization. Conclusions. The results indicate that the use of aqueous extracts of K. pinnata and O. oligacantha on nematodes of the Anisakidae family are an option for their use as nematicidal agents.
Parallel Algorithms for Tensor Train Arithmetic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present efficient and scalable parallel algorithms for performing mathematical operations for low-rank tensors represented in the tensor train (TT) format. We consider algorithms for addition, elementwise multiplication, computing norms and inner products, orthogonalization, and rounding (rank truncation). These are the kernel operations for applications such as iterative Krylov solvers that exploit the TT structure. The parallel algorithms are designed for distributed-memory computation, and we use a data distribution and strategy that parallelizes computations for individual cores within the TT format. We analyze the computation and communication costs of the proposed algorithms to show their scalability, and we present numerical experiments that demonstrate their efficiency on both shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel systems. For example, we observe better single-core performance than the existing MATLAB TT-Toolbox in rounding a 2GB TT tensor, and our implementation achieves a $34\times$ speedup using all 40 cores of a single node. We also show nearly linear parallel scaling on larger TT tensors up to over 10,000 cores for all mathematical operations.
A new wide area protection system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a result of recent developments in power markets, power utilities are forced to increase the reliability and profitability of their power systems. Their networks have to be operated closer to limits, which may lead to frequent outages due to unreliable assessment of stability limits. A new wide area protection system is introduced to extend the system operational limits, i.e. operate the system closer to the physical limits, without any investments in high voltage equipment. The system protects the entire power system against blackouts due to several kinds of instabilities. With dynamic supervision of the system's stability and the optimization of transmission capability, it is a cost-effective system that complements installed protection and control systems. Phasor measurement information is transmitted to a system protection center, where snapshots of the transient system status are online available. This dynamic system's view opens up new applications to assess and actively remain system's stability in case of voltage or angle instability and oscillations. After the introduction of the system setup of the new wide area protection system, a new voltage stability prediction algorithm for transient system states and cascaded contingencies is presented. The applicability of the algorithm is shown with the example of a test system and a real power system.
Effects of the conductivity / permittivity ratio on the dispersion and attenuation of radar signals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In modelling and processing of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data, the distortion of the radar signal as it propagates through the ground is often neglected, see e.g. Davis and Annan, 1989. In the frequency range of interest for GPR applications, 10 MHz to 1 GHz, the loss mechanism in the ground is usually described by an exponential damping factor along the path of propagation.
A Comment on ‘The Measurement of Prices of Production’ by Peter Flaschel, Reiner Franke & Roberto Veneziani

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

After giving a summary of the Cambridge debate, the comment criticizes the proposal by Flaschel, Franke and Veneziani to base the classical approach on systems of production with unequal rates of profit both theoretically and on empirical grounds: The classical gravitation of market prices towards normal prices is hard to defend, if there are persistent differentials of profit rates, but the profit rate differentials in the paper are not even stable. The comment further defends the idea of representing states of knowledge about technology by means of input-ouput tables against objections regarding the transferability of methods between countries and discusses alternative approaches to the treatment of fixed capital. It is shown that the data used by the authors for capital stocks are not supported by the data of the German Statistical Office. I agree with the authors in the most essential point, however: Contrary to the position taken e.g. by Joan Robinson, we all believe that the problems of capital theory raised in the Cambridge debate must be analyzed not only in abstract theory but also at the applied level. We all were surprised to find that empirical wage curves tend to be close to straight lines so that double intersections of such wage curves, hence reswitching and reverse capital deepening, must be rare. This phenomenon needs to be explained; a possible explanation can be derived from the random nature of the input-output matrices, and, so far, no other explanation has been proposed.
Optimization and Customer Utilities under Dynamic Lead Time Quotation in an Type Base Stock System

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a manufacturing and inventory system, information on production and order lead time helps consumers’ decision whether they receive finished products or not by considering their own impatience on waiting time. In Savaşaneril et al. (2010), the optimal dynamic lead time quotation policy in a one-stage production and inventory system with a base stock policy for maximizing the system’s profit and its properties are discussed. In this system, each arriving customer decides whether he/she enters the system based on the quoted lead time informed by the system. On the other hand, the customer’s utility may be small under the optimal quoted lead time policy because the actual lead time may be longer than the quoted lead time. We use a utility function with respect to benefit of receiving products and waiting time and propose several kinds of heuristic lead time quotation policies. These are compared with optimal policies with respect to both profits and customer’s utilities. Through numerical examples some kinds of heuristic policies have better expected utilities of customers than the optimal quoted lead time policy maximizing system’s profits.
Control, bi-stability and preference for chaos in time-dependent vaccination campaign

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work, effects of constant and time-dependent vaccination rates on the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) seasonal model are studied. Computing the Lyapunov exponent, we show that typical complex structures, such as shrimps, emerge for given combinations of constant vaccination rate and another model parameter. In some specific cases, the constant vaccination does not act as a chaotic suppressor and chaotic bands can exist for high levels of vaccination (e.g., $> 0.95$). Moreover, we obtain linear and non-linear relationships between one control parameter and constant vaccination to establish a disease-free solution. We also verify that the total infected number does not change whether the dynamics is chaotic or periodic. The introduction of a time-dependent vaccine is made by the inclusion of a periodic function with a defined amplitude and frequency. For this case, we investigate the effects of different amplitudes and frequencies on chaotic attractors, yielding low, medium, and high seasonality degrees of contacts. Depending on the parameters of the time-dependent vaccination function, chaotic structures can be controlled and become periodic structures. For a given set of parameters, these structures are accessed mostly via crisis and in some cases via period-doubling. After that, we investigate how the time-dependent vaccine acts in bi-stable dynamics when chaotic and periodic attractors coexist. We identify that this kind of vaccination acts as a control by destroying almost all the periodic basins. We explain this by the fact that chaotic attractors exhibit more desirable characteristics for epidemics than periodic ones in a bi-stable state.
The Potential Role of the Heme Oxygenase/Carbon Monoxide System in Male Sexual Dysfunctions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Recently there has been a growing interest regarding the role of carbon monoxide (CO) and its precursor, heme oxygenase (HO) in mediation of penile erection and their potential roles as molecular targets in treatment of erectile dysfunction. Aim To review the available literature on the role of the HO/CO system in male sexual dysfunctions. Methods This review will begin by a discussion of the physiology of the HO/CO system followed by a detailed assessment of the literature examining the role of HO/CO system in male sexual dysfunctions. Main Outcome Measures The effect of HO/CO system on penile erection, ejaculation, and priapism. Results Most of the studies attempting to investigate the role of HO/CO in male sexual functions focused on penile erection. The majority of these studies did report a significant positive effect of the HO/CO system on penile erection. However, none of these studies examined the role of HO/CO system in aging animals; aging being considered the most important risk factor for ED. Furthermore, only one study tested the role of HO/CO system in erectile function. The important observation that HO-2 deficient mice have low bulbospongiosus muscle activity deserves extensive research on the value of HO inhibition in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Data from the only study on low-flow priapism and HO suggests that HO-1 is involved in the paradigm of low-flow priapism. Conclusions The HO/CO system may have an important role in many male sexual functions. Extensive research is needed to precisely delineate the extent to which the HO/CO system plays in the physiology and pathophysiology of male sexual dysfunctions.
Psycho social risks noted by oncology workers related to their quality of life

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relation between occupational psychosocial risks and quality of life related to health, felt by workers who work in oncology and palliative care units in a region of Chile. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study of quantitative approach, in which 110 health workers participated. Research met the ethical requirements of E. Emanuel. Results: Participants perceive greater exposure to psychosocial risks in the dimension of psychological demands and double presence. On the other hand, they see better results in the physical health component (��: 76.72; SD 9.75) versus the mental health component (��: 71.13; SD 6.38). In addition, there are relations with statistical significance, between psychosocial risks and quality of life related to Health (p≤0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that there the perception of psychosocial risks and quality of life are related, when considering the health of workers.
The Benefit of Microfinance Bank in Poverty Alleviation: A Case of Selected Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Anambra State

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Poverty is an endemic problem that affects not just the individual or his or her immediate family, but the entire state, and eventually the nation. Poverty causes anger and hunger and this leads to violence in turn leads to reduction in economic growth and development. Through the utilization of descriptive survey involving questionnaire and microfinance banks’ directory, and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 significant level, the study reveals that microfinance deal with the provision of financial services to SMEs who are traditionally not served by the conventional financial institutions in the country. The study also reveals that Micro Finance Banks have made a lot of impact in alleviation of poverty, thereby increasing the living standard of the people. More so, Micro-Finance Institutions throughout the developing world are providing small loans to the poor for self-employment and proving to be sustainable enterprises in the sight against poverty. The study recommended that federal government should put in place policies and programs that support the existence of Micro finance banks across the country so as to help the SMEs to growth and at the long run, alleviate poverty within the country.