jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design of an Optimal Allocator for Power Consumption Minimization in Hexarotor Drone Control Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an allocator design that considers the power consumption of rotors in the attitude and altitude control system of a hexarotor drone. Based on the power consumption model, the proposed method computes the thrust force that minimizes the total power consumption of the rotor while satisfying the control force constraints required by the controller. To obtain the rotor power consumption model, we conducted experiments on the rotor characteristics using the motors and electronic speed controllers used in the drones. Finally, numerical simulations were performed using the obtained power consumption models to compare the rotor power consumption of the proposed method with that of the conventional method, quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The ultrastructure of fossil dispersed monosulcate pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The general morphology, surface sculpturing, and exine ultrastructure have been studied in dispersed monosulcate pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia. The pollen grains dominate the palynological assemblage extracted from coal deposits of the Khilok Formation in the Buryat Republic, which also contain ginkgoalean leaves of Baierella averianovii as the only constituent of the assemblage of plant megafossils. The relationship between the pollen grains and ginkgoalean leaves from this autochthonous burial is hypothesised on the basis of taphonomical analysis and palaeobiogeographical data. It is shown that the ectexine of the pollen grains includes a thick solid tectum, a thin granular infratectum and a thin foot layer; the endexine is fine-grained, slightly more electron-dense than the ectexine, and is preserved only in places. The distal aperture is formed by a thinning of the exine. No analogous ultrastructure has been described so far in fossil pollen grains of this morphotype studied ultrastructurally from in situ material. For comparison, we also studied the exine ultrastructure of pollen grains Ginkgo biloba. The fossil pollen is not identical to pollen of extant G. biloba, but shows several significant similarities in the exine ultrastructure, which does not contradict the presumable ginkgoalean affinity of the fossil pollen.
Modification of Triple Junction Solar Cells for Martian Surface Conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Triple junction solar cells have been designed and fabricated to operate optimally with a Martian 60deg latitude solar spectrum. Efficiencies as high as 27.4% have been achieved. Future missions to the surface of Mars will require cells optimized for Martian conditions, which include solar intensities reduced by as much as 85%, a red-rich solar spectrum, low surface temperatures, and a relatively passive radiation environment. Under the direction of Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL) a solar cell design was created which is based on the current generation of Emcore space qualified triple junction solar cells, yet is optimized for the Martian solar spectrum at 60deg latitude. When tested at JPL with a solar simulator that has been modified to produce this Martian spectrum, this design has demonstrated improved efficiency of 2.2% absolute over AM0 optimized designs
Exact nth derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Computing derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors is of considerable importance in mathematics, physics, and engineering. These derivatives are essential for sensitivity analysis, which is used to study the effect of change in various parameters of an eigensystem on its performance. General solutions of eigenfunction s' derivatives have not been available. In this paper, exact analytical solutions for the wth derivatives of unrepeated eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors are given for general nonlinear and linear eigenvalue problems. The application of the theory is illustrated with examples.
Transesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-guided FNA) as first diagnostic step of intrapulmonary lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background : Bronchoscopy fails to establish a diagnosis in up to 30% of patients with centrally located lung cancer. EUS-guided FNA has been used for the diagnosis of suspected lung cancer near or adjacent to the esophagus in patients who had undergone a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy. Aim: To prospectively assess the feasibility and yield of EUS-FNA as first diagnostic step in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary tumours located near or adjacent to the esophagus. Study design: Patients with a CT-scan of the chest revealing an intrapulmonary tumour located near or adjacent to the esophagus were enrolled. They underwent EUS-FNA (Olympus, GF UCT 160) under deep sedation. Results: Fourteen patients were included, and EUS-FNA diagnosed lung cancer in all cases (12 NSCLC, 2 SCLC) (yield=100%). No complications occurred. The subtyping of (N)SCLC was allowed by cytological specimens in 9 cases (65%), by cell blocks in 3 cases (21%), whereas NSCLC could not be subtyped in 2 cases (14%). Conclusions: EUS-guided FNA might represent the first diagnostic step in patients with intrapulmonary tumours located near or adjacent to the esophagus.
In vivo and in silico studies on single versus multiple Blackwell Publishing Asia transplants for multiple myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT) have significantly improved survival in multiple myeloma (MM). However, patients are not cured, responses are variable and only about 40 % of patients achieve a complete response (CR). Optimal timing of the procedure and knowledge of the relapse kinetics may assist physicians when they consider this therapeutic modality for their patients. We analyzed myeloma tumor burden and kinetics before and after HDT-ASCT in a cohort of 265 patients. Disease burden was estimated from serial M-spike measurements and the data fitted to the Gompertz function to determine the general parameters for all patients. Functions that couple disease burden and kinetics with time to progression (TTP) were derived and used to determine the optimal timing of transplantation. Patients who achieve CR with the first episode of HDT-ASCT should not be routinely offered tandem transplantation but carefully
Division of periods of historical activity of Jews in Harbin——Review of visual angle of important turning points changing historical course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dividing the periods of historical course,it is to find the important turning points being able to change the historical course in order to open out the essence of the historical course,to form the cognition of the tendency and law of the historical development,and to strengthen the logics of narration of the history.Dividing the periods of the historical activity the Jews in Harbin,it should have the big tendency of the historical course and the inner logical links in mind.Therefore,it may divide the period of the activity of the Jews in Harbin into two: around 1896 is the beginning of the Jews of Russian origin arriving at Harbin,till 1931,it is the developmental period of the Jews in Harbin;from 1931 to 1966 it is the waning period of the Jews in Harbin.According to around 35 years of the important historical turning point,it opens up the basic clue of the historical cultural activity of the Jews in Harbin.
Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology to Improve Crops and Address the Global Food Crisis: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

By developing a revolutionary method for modifying the genomes of living things, genome editing (GE) has completely changed the biological sciences. Recent years have seen the development of several technologies that make altering complex genomes possible. For agricultural crop production to be sustained and contribute to global food security, a fast and dependable method of raising yield and resilience to different environmental pressures is therefore required. The GE instruments for crop enhancement are explained in detail in this analytical research. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a few examples of these tools. This category also includes mega-nucleases (MNs). In particular, the most recent advancements in the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing for major agricultural improvements - like the creation of crops that are more yielding and of higher quality - are covered this paper. When this approach is put into practice, non-transgene crops with desired traits will be produced, which might lead to increased yield capacity under different environmental challenges. To increase agricultural production and guarantee food security, the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology may be used in conjunction with existing and future breeding techniques (such as omics-assisted breeding and speed breeding). The difficulties and restrictions associated with CRISPR/Cas9 have also been covered. Plant breeders and scientists doing a detailed analysis of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to enhance crops by focusing on the desired gene will find this material to be helpful.
Unraveling zucchini transcriptome response to aphids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucurbita pepo belongs to the Cucurbitaceae, the second-most large horticultural family of economic importance after Solanaceae. One major issue related to zucchini cultivation is the damage caused by aphids such as Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae). The aim of this study is the identification of candidate genes involved in zucchini plant response to A. gossypii . In order to monitor the effect of zucchini-aphid interaction at transcriptomic level, zucchini plants (cv “San Pasquale”) were grown in controlled conditions in presence or absence of A. gossypii . Leaf material was collected at 24, 48 and 96 hours after aphid infestation. RNA extracted was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The sequencing generated ~34 million of paired-end reads of 100 nucleotides in length per sample. High quality reads were de novo assembled into 71,648 transcripts. About 94% of the assembled transcripts contain coding sequences that could be translated into proteins. Over 60% of the transcripts were functionally annotated and assigned to one or more InterPro domains and Gene Ontology terms. A subset of 42,517 sequences of the C. pepo transcriptome was used for read mapping and differentially expressed genes (DEG) identification. Largest number of DEG were observed after 48 hours from aphid infestation. The transcriptome represents a high-quality reference for read alignment and DEG call. The understanding of the molecular response of infested plants will be essential to develop new tools for A. gossypii control.
Multipole expansion of loudspeaker as sound source

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Higher-order vibration modes of a loudspeaker diaphragm are represented as multipole sources of a sound field. As each normal mode corresponds to a multipole series, the radiation induced by a vibration pattern containing many normal modes is the image of a linear mapping of the participation factors to the coefficients of a multipole series. In terms of linear algebra, the participation factors and the set of corresponding coefficients are written as vectors. The generated sound field is then computed as a superposition from the multipole sources with strengths given by the coefficients in the series. Correction factors are introduced to count for the finite extent and other geometry related effects of the source. The higher- order normal modes form separate loads for the driving circuit. This method allows one to apply lumped parameter models at frequencies where the loudspeaker diaphragm does not move as a piston anymore.
Der Einfluss der Klangliegentherapie auf Körpererfahrung und körperlich-seelische Befindlichkeit von MS-Patienten in der neurologischen Rehabilitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study shows the first results about the positive impact of whole-body monochord therapy in the rehabilitation of MS patients. In the study, a total of 60 MS patients (average age 43.5 ± 10.7 years, 71,2 % female) were examined. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, each containing 30 patients. Group A received therapy via the whole-body monochord whereas group B was treated by hydrojet therapy. Both kinds of therapy treat the patient with sensory activities such as vibro-(acoustic) stimulation and can thereby provide experience based on body experience through targeted tactile and proprioceptive stimulation. Thus, they can contribute to an enhanced body image. As a result, there was a significant positive effect of whole-body monochord therapy in comparison to hydrojet therapy on motor abilities of MS patients. Furthermore, significant positive changes in physical and mental well-being and body image were shown.
Results of skull identification of Eothenomys and its characteristics of community diversity in Lijiang plague natural foci in Yunnan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the species composition and characteristics of community diversity of Eothenomys in plague natural foci of Lijiang, Yunnan, to provide scientific basis for formulating plague prevention and control. Methods Investigation was carried out at 2 villages of Gucheng District and 7 villages of Yulong County in Lijiang. Rodents were captured in the plague surveillanceareas, Eothenomys samples with intact skull were selected and identified according to the morphological characteristics of the skull and fur. Species composition, diversity index, similarity index of Eothenomys communities from different villages were analyzed with the method of community ecology. Results There were four species of Eothenomys in the plague natural foci. Eothenomys proditor and E. miletus were predominating species, E. melanogaster was less than them, while E. custos could be found occasionally. Four species of fleas were carried on Eothenomys. Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Neopsylla specialis specialis were dominant species, with the indicates of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index 1.472 9-1.970 2, Pielou evenness index 0.773 1-0.896 7, diversity index 0.967 0-1.484 9, and ecological dominance index 0.157 9-0.276 8. Conclusions There are 4 species of Eothenomys in the plague natural foci, with the dominant species of E. proditor and E. miletus. E. proditor shows dominance in the habitats at altitude of 2 900-3 100 meters, while E. miletus is dominant at altitude of 2 000-2 900 meters.
Tolerance of CD8+ T cells developing in parent--&gt;F1 chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation: step-wise induction of tolerance in the intrathymic and extrathymic environments.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Tolerance of CD8+ cells was examined in parent--&gt;F1 bone marrow chimeras (BMC) prepared with supralethal irradiation; host class I expression in the chimeras was limited to non-BM-derived cells. In terms of helper-independent proliferative responses in vitro and induction of graft-vs.-host disease on adoptive transfer, CD8+ cells from long-term chimeras showed profound tolerance to host antigens irrespective of whether the cells were prepared from the thymus or from spleen or lymph nodes. By limiting dilution analysis, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for host antigens were rare in the extrathymic lymphoid tissues. In the thymus, by contrast, host-specific CTL precursors were only slightly less frequent than in normal parental strain mice. These host-specific CD8+ cells survived when BMC thymocytes were transferred intravenously to a neutral environment, i.e., to donor strain mice. When transferred to further BMC hosts, however, most of the host-reactive cells disappeared. Collectively, the data suggest that tolerance of CD8+ cells in BMC hosts occurs in both the intrathymic and extrathymic environments. In the thymus, contact with host antigens on thymic epithelial cells deletes CD8+ cells controlling helper-independent proliferative responses and in vivo effector functions but spares typical helper-dependent CTL precursors. After export from the thymus, most of the CTL precursors are eliminated after contacting host antigens on stromal cells in the extrathymic environment.
Heredity, environment, and race differences in IQ: A commentary on Rushton and Jensen (2005).

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

J. P. Rushton and A. R. Jensen (2005) ignore or misinterpret most of the evidence of greatest relevance to the question of heritability of the Black–White IQ gap. A dispassionate reading of the evidence on the association of IQ with degree of European ancestry for members of Black populations, convergence of Black and White IQ in recent years, alterability of Black IQ by intervention programs, and adoption studies lend no support to a hereditarian interpretation of the Black–White IQ gap. On the contrary, the evidence most relevant to the question indicates that the genetic contribution to the Black–White IQ gap is nil. Rushton and Jensen’s (2005) article is characterized by failure to cite, in any but the most cursory way, strong evidence against their position. Their lengthy presentation of indirectly relevant evidence which, in light of the direct evidence against the hereditarian view they prefer, has little probative value, and their “scorecard” tallies of evidence on various points cannot be sustained by the evidence.
Autonomous Driving in Agricultural Machinery: Advancing the Frontier of Precision Agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing global food production to address challenges from population growth, labor shortages, and climate change necessitates a significant enhancement of agricultural sustainability. Autonomous agricultural machinery, a recognized application of precision agriculture, offers a promising solution to boost productivity, resource efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This study presents a systematic review of autonomous driving technologies for agricultural machinery based on 506 rigorously selected publications. The review emphasizes three core aspects: navigation reliability assurance, motion control mechanisms for both vehicles and implements, and actuator fault-tolerance strategies in complex agricultural environments. Applications in farmland, orchards, and livestock farming demonstrate substantial potential. This study also discusses current challenges and future development trends. It aims to provide a reference and technical guidance for the engineering implementation of intelligent agricultural machinery and to support sustainable agricultural transformation.
On the physics of electron transfer (drift) in the substance: about the reason of “abnormal” fast transfer of electrons in the plasma of tokamak and at known Bohm’s diffusion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of the problem of so-called "abnormal" fast transfer of electrons in tokamak plasma, which turned out much faster than the result of accepted calculation, is given. Such transfer of hot electrons leads to unexpectedly fast destruction of the inner tokamak wall with ejection of its matter in plasma volume, what violates a condition of plasma confinement for controlled thermonuclear fusion. It is shown, taking into account real physics of electron drift in the gas (plasma) and using the conservation law for momentum of electron transfer (drift), that the drift velocity of elastically scattered electrons should be significantly greater than that of accepted calculation. The reason is that the relaxation time of the momentum of electron transfer, to which the electron drift velocity is proportional, is significantly greater (from 16 up to 4 times) than the electron free path time. Therefore, generally accepted replacement of the relaxation time, which is unknown a priori, by the electron free path time, leads to significant (16 times for thermal electrons) underestimation of electron drift velocity (mobility). This result means, that transfer of elastically (and isotropically) scattered electrons in the gas phase should be so fast, and corresponds to multiplying coefficient (16), introduced by D. Bohm to explain the observed by him "abnormal" fast diffusion of electrons.
Prenatal Origin of Childhood Leukemia*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MANY current studies of the etiology of childhood leukemia are motivated by one of two types of hypothesis — those relating leukemia to chromosomal damage and those implicating viral or other leukemogenic agents. The two types are not mutually exclusive; nor are they clearly separable, since "leukemogens" may operate through the mechanism of chromosome damage. But as commonly applied, the two hypotheses are distinguished by the assumed time of origin of the etiologic agent. Thus, the chromosomal-damage hypothesis, at least as it applies to leukemia in childhood, implicates factors operating during the earliest divisions of the zygote, parental gametogenesis or . . .
La producción y comercialización de bacanora como estrategia de desarrollo regional en la sierra sonorense

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Few technological innovations are related to the production and industrialization of bacanora due to 77 years of prohibition of manufacturing and commercialization. However, producers begun a stage of adoption of technology from the tequila and mescal industries and adaptations from their intelligence and creativity. In this technification process the agronomic stage has been easily adopted because the bacanora region is related to agriculture, and the domestication of Agave angustifolia\nhas been successful in part as a result of the broad knowledge of the physiology of the plant and the geographic area where it is cultivated. It is important to develop the institutions, official norms, and the denomination of origin for the bacanora industry, to guarantee quality control and the Bacanora Regulatory Council, the bacanorans associations, and the commitment of academic and research institutions working with farmers to develop scientific knowledge and technology to support this traditional sonorant industry.
The design of synchronication control circuit based on CPLD in the laser active imaging system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Laser active imaging system utilizes laser as illuminating source, the detected object which is remote, small, dark or in bad weather conditions is illuminated by laser, echo signal is received by CCD camera and taken photos. Finally the system realizes target track, detection and identification. In order to cancel back scattering of atmospheric particulate and increase image quaility, synchronization control circuit board is designed based on chip microcomputer and CPLD. Synchronization control plate can generate different width pulse signal. The experiment and simulation prove the plate realizes synchronization control of pulsed laser and gated camera. Synchronization control plate can compart different range background light and reflected light by target according to time sequencing by using a pulsed laser and intensifilered CCD camera, to corfirm the pulse signal which the target reflect fall on working time of gated camera.