jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The capacity of microsomally-activated cyclophosphamide to induce immunosuppression in vitro.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyclophosphamide (CY) was activated in vitro with washed rat liver microsomes and cofactors. Pretreatment of mouse spleen cells in vitro with the activated drug abolished their capacity to give a primary antibody response to SRBC and levan on transfer to irradiated syngeneic recipients. However, responsiveness returned if challenge was delayed for 7 or more days after transfer. Part of this was shown to be of donor origin by an allotype marker. The treatment of normal spleen cells with activated CY in vitro also prevented B cells from regenerating their immunoglobulin receptors after capping with anti-immunoglobulin serum. The induction of suppression required contact between lymphocytes and activated CY for at least 30 min at 37 degrees and did not appear following incubation for 1 h at 0 degrees. Since the antibody response of drug-treated spleen cells to SRBC could not be restored with purified normal B or T cells, it is probable that B and T lymphocytes are both susceptible to suppression by activated CY in vitro. Similar pretreatment abrogated the graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity of spleen cells as measured by survival and in a popliteal lymph node assay. B cell chimerism in F1 recipients of drug-treated parental spleen cells was demonstrated by the presence of congenic allotype markers. This suggests a possible approach for the attenuation of GVH disease which is associated with bone marrow transplantation in man.
Knowledge regarding breast self examination among school teachers.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among school teachers in selected schools at Aluva. The study was conducted among 30 school teachers at selected schools at Aluva. The tool used was structured know ledge questionnaire prepared by the investigators. The main study data was collected on 17. 07. 2017, 19.07.2017 in selected schools at Aluva. The study results revealed that the knowledge of school teachers regarding the breast self-examination was ‘no one had excellent knowledge ’, 26.7% had ‘very good knowledge ’, 50% had ‘good knowledge ’, 23.3% had ‘average knowledge ’, and ‘no one had poor knowledge ’. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and demographic variables.
Current State of the Educational Service Market in Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The level of educai onal service development is the precursor of economic status and social well-being of society. The issue of improving the system of teri ary educai on in Ukraine and the quality of vocai onal training poses an important socioeconomic problem, the solui on of which is possible on condii on of complying with the socioeconomic requirements of market economy.
SIDS or Murder?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— It was with resignation that I read the paper by Oren et al1 about SIDS and familial occurrence. It is my opinion, as well as that of a number of other forensic pathologists to whom I showed the article, that the five deaths in group I of this article (infants born to families with two or more siblings who died of SIDS) are in all medical probability homicides by smothering. The individual clinical findings of these cases is not given, but from experience, I would say that one or more of these children in each family were brought to physicians and emergency rooms a number of times with a history of apneic episodes, that, if admitted, they never experienced these episodes in the hospital (unless they were alone with a parent), and that they were subsequently brought in dead after suffering a fatal apneic episode.
The UCP Regime

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers the history of the letter of credit and the Uniform Customs & Practice for Documentary Credits (‘UCP’) regime leading up to the adoption of the UCP 600. After examining the respective advantages and disadvantages of the UCP regime, the chapter examines the likelihood of a new UCP revision in terms of its likely costs and benefits. Concluding that there may be more proportionate ways of updating the legal framework other than a full-blown UCP revision, the chapter makes suggestions for change to the UCP 600 to strengthen the role played by international standard banking practice and to make it more accessible to non-bankers, with a focus on letter of credit practice, rather than letter of credit law.
Quality of Life after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Compared with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization alone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) compared to TACE plus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) done at the same sitting, and to assess tumor therapy response after these 2 palliative interventions. Methods: 73 patients with unresectable HCC (BCLC-B) were included. Patients with tumor ≤ 5 cm were subjected to TACE (N = 45) while patients with tumors > 5 cm were subjected to TACE followed immediately by RFA (N = 28). QoL was evaluated with two validated questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-30 and EORTC HCC18). These questionnaires were filled out before intervention, 2 weeks and 2 months after intervention. Pre/post interventional changes were analyzed. The modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (mRECIST) were employed for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Results: Baseline global health status/QoL was significantly higher in TACE group (64.1%) compared to TACE-RFA group (51.2%). Two weeks after intervention: the absolute decrease in global health state was higher in TACE-RFA (- 12.1%) compared to TACE (- 6.3%, p = 0.411). Less impairment was found in TACE group compared to TACE-RFA group for physical/social functioning, fatigue and pain but it was statistically insignificant. Two months after intervention; TACE-RFA group showed significant improvement in global health score, social and physical functioning scores, as well as significant improvement in pain and fatigue compared to TACE group. The therapeutic efficacy of TACE-RFA was better than TACE alone: complete remission, partial remission, stable disease and progressive disease were 17.9%, 32.1%, 42.9% and 7.1% Vs11.1%, 22.2%, 48.9% and 17.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Neither TACE nor TACE-RFA showed a significant decrease in QoL in patients with unresectable HCC two weeks after intervention. However, two months after intervention; TACE-RFA showed significant improvement in global health score compared to TACE monotherapy. TACE-RFA appeared safe, effective and more favorable than TACE monotherapy.
PERANAN KONTEKS SOSIO-HISTORIS DALAM PENAFSIRAN MUHAMMAD IZZAT DARWAZAH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article seeks to see how the role of the socio-historical context in the interpretation of the Qur'an, especially the interpretation of Muhammad izzat Darwazah against Surat al-Rahman. As a historian, Darwazah often connects verses of the Qur'an with historical facts, especially those related to the verses of the story. he wrote the commentary according to chronology in order for the reader to feel the atmosphere of revelation. The purpose of the Darwazah has not been reached. this can be proven in his interpretation of the letter of al-Rahman. He did not mention the micro asbab al-nuzul from the letter as well as other commentaries. Whereas, the micro asbab al-nuzul is one of the important aspects to know the wider context of a verse or letter. the attribution of his interpretation to historical data in this letter is not much.
Microbial Life in Permafrost: Extended Times in Extreme Conditions

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The permafrost microbial community has been characterized as a “community of survivors” (Friedmann, 1994) based on the continued viability of many of their members for hundreds to millions
of years in the frozen state. Despite the extreme conditions of low temperature, low nutrients, and
low water activity associated with this environment, a large diversity of viable microorganisms
exists in even the deepest layers of permafrost. This continually frozen soil matrix contain members
of the bacteria, archaea, and some green algae and yeast that will grow on appropriate media. Othereukaryotes have not been cultivated from permafrost layers older than 10,000 years. These microbes
may have responses to the stress conditions that prolong their survival under the stable conditions
of permafrost. Known response reactions include physiological changes to membrane composition,
which maintain ﬂuidity; changes in protein production; a reduction in cell size; and the production
of internal osmolytes.
Verifying the effectiveness of career group coaching for the promotion of individual resources related to job searching

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this study, we developed a career group coaching program for career interrupted female with highly educated in science and engineering and verified the effect. In order to refine the program direction, Inquiry surveys were conducted through literature surveys, in-depth interviews, and surveys. Before applying the program, we applied the preliminary research program to 6 women who had cut off science and engineering career and tested the effect. The program was revised and supplemented with the questionnaire results and opinions of experts. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, 45 students who autonomously participated in the dismissal career of science and engineering major were assigned to 15 experimental groups, 15 comparative groups and 15 control groups by radio allocation. At this time, the experimental group performed the program developed in this study, the comparative group performed the WIN program, and the control group was not treated. Experimental group and comparative group were conducted at 8 sessions for 120 minutes once a week. Job-seeking efficacy, career adaptability, social support, growth mindset, and stress coping were measured before, after and after 3 months. Data analysis was conducted to confirm the homogeneity of the three groups through SPSS 21.0, and then to verify the interaction effect between the point of view, experiment, comparison and control group before, after and after. As a result, it was confirmed that career group coaching positively influenced job performance self-efficacy, career adaptability, growth mindset, stress coping ability, statistically significant difference and average score increase. Also, it was confirmed that the coaching effectiveness was maintained. Based on the results of this study, implications and limitations of this study and future research were discussed.
On invariants of elliptic curves on average

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove several results regarding some invariants of elliptic curves on average over the family of all elliptic curves inside a box of sides $A$ and $B$. As an example, let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $p$ be a prime of good reduction for $E$. Let $e_{E}(p)$ be the exponent of the group of rational points of the reduction modulo $p$ of $E$ over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the family of elliptic curves $$E_{a,b}:~y^2=x^3+ax+b,$$ where $|a|\leq A$ and $|b|\leq B$. We prove that, for any $c>1$ and $k\in \mathbb{N}$, $$\frac{1}{|\mathcal{C}|} \sum_{E\in \mathcal{C}} \sum_{p\leq x} e_E^k(p) = C_k {\rm li}(x^{k+1})+O\left(\frac{x^{k+1}}{(\log{x})^c} \right),$$ as $x\rightarrow \infty$, as long as $A, B>\exp\left(c_{1} (\log{x})^{1/2} \right)$ and $AB>x(\log{x})^{4+2c}$, where $c_1$ is a suitable positive constant. Here $C_k$ is an explicit constant given in the paper which depends only on $k$, and ${\rm li}(x)=\int_{2}^x dt/\log{t}$. We prove several similar results as corollaries to a general theorem. The method of the proof is capable of improving some of the known results with $A, B>x^ε$ and $AB>x(\log{x})^δ$ to $A, B>\exp\left(c_1 (\log{x})^{1/2} \right)$ and $AB>x(\log{x})^δ$.
Changes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and 24-hour urinary potassium and their implications in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The pathogenesis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis(TPP) is unknown,and whether high urinary excretion of potassium is involved remains controversial.This study was to explore the clinical significance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) and 24-hour urinary potassium(UP) in TPP patients by detecting 24-hour UP and related laboratory parameters between TPP and hyperthyroidism patients.Methods A total of 43 patients were divided into a TPP group(n=18) and a hyperthyroidism(n=25),and comparisons were made between the two groups in the levels of the plasma of rennin activity(PRA),aldosterone(ALD),24-hour urinary potassium and other relevant laboratory parameters.Results BMI,24-hour UP,plasma cortisol,ACTH,TSH,ALD and FPG were significantly higher in the TPP than in the hyperthyroidism patients(P0.05),while potassium,FT4,TC and LDL-C remarkably lower in the former than in the latter(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that 24-hour UP and plasma ALD were the risk factors of potassium.Conclusion High urinary excretion of potassium plays a role in the process of TPP,and its mechanism may be related with the activation of RAAS.
Involvement of calcineurin in ischemic myocardial damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Calcineurin (CaN) has been reported as a critical mediator for cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Ischemia is associated with multiple alterations in the extracellular and intracellular signaling of cardiomyocytes and may act as an inducer of apoptosis. Rat ischemic heart showed significant increase in CaN activity. In ischemic-reperfused hearts, the expression of CaN A was significantly low and immunoreactivity was observed in proteolytic bands of 46 kDa. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong staining of immunoreactivity in rat hearts that had undergone 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion, similar to that found in human ischemic heart. To elucidate the mechanism of proteolysis of CaN A in ischemic-reperfused rat heart, in vitro proteolysis of bovine cardiac CaN by m-calpain was carried out. In the presence of Ca2+, the 60−kDa subunit (CaN A) was degraded to a 46-kDa immunoreactive fragment, whereas in the presence of Ca2+/CaM, immunoreactive fragments of 48 and 54 kDa were observed. Calpains are Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate various enzymes, transcription factors, and structural proteins through limited proteolysis. The increase in CaN activity and strong immunostaining observed in ischemic-reperfused rat heart may be due to the calpain-mediated proteolysis of this CaM-dependent phosphatase. These studies remain an important area of in-depth investigation.
Male sex-linked protein in human placental villi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Due to the difference in genetic components between X and Y chromosomes, we believe that tissues of male and female individuals should contain different sex-linked protein. This study is aimed to determine whether there is any sex-linked protein in the placenta belonging to human male and female fetuses. Placentas from eleven male and eleven female fetuses were studied. Proteins from the placenta were extracted and fractionated by means of column chromatography. The protein fractions obtained from the male and female placental extracts were compared. It was found that there was a protein fraction present in the placenta of male fetuses but absent in those of the females. This protein fraction is called "male sex-linked protein" or "male protein". It is believed that this male protein is genetically determined and should also be found in every organ, not just only in the placenta.
The impacts of different management strategies and environmental forcing in ecological communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the effects of population management on the community a target species belongs to is of key importance for successful management. It is known that the removal or extinction of a single species in a community may lead to extinctions of other community members. In our study, we assess the impacts of population management on competitive communities, studying the response of both locally stable and unstable communities of varying size (between four and 10 species) to three different management strategies; harvesting of a target species, harvesting with non-targeted catch, and stocking of the target species. We also studied the consequences of selecting target species with different relative abundances, as well as the effects of varying environmental conditions. We show here how the effects of management in competitive communities extend far beyond the target population. A crucial role is played by the underlying stability properties of the community under management. In general, locally unstable communities are more vulnerable to perturbation through management. Furthermore, the community response is shown to be sensitive to the relative density of the target species. Of considerable interest is the result that even a small (2.5%) increase in the population size of the target species through stocking may lead to extinction of other community members. These results emphasize the importance of considering and understanding multi-species interactions in population management.
Conversion of any finite bandwidth optical field into a shape invariant beam

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss a method to transform any optical field, with finite frequency bandwidth, into a shape invariant beam with transverse scaling, dependent on the propagation distance. The method consists in modulating the field with a quadratic phase of appropriate curvature radius. As a particular application, we employ the method to extend the existence region of a finite non-diffracting field to an unbounded domain.
Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998: implications for clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The Human Rights Act was introduced into UK law in 2000 and must be considered in all cases, including mental health review tribunals. Article 8 (the right to respect for private and family life) comprises two parts and has embedded in it ‘tests’ that must be applied when assessing any interference with this protected right. A review of Article 8 case law reveals how it is used and how it can be applied in a myriad of clinical situations. Because it involves the right to respect for private life, and is in a sense individualised, it will potentially affect people (both patients and staff) in the mental health services in a variety of ways. Article 8 has implications not only for patients but also for clinicians and healthcare organisations.
Changes in nystagmus on raising body temperature in clinically suspected and proved multiple sclerosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electronystagmography was used to record the appearance or alteration of nystagmus after raising the body temperature by a heat cradle. Nystagmus was increased or provoked in 13 out of 15 patients with clinically proved multiple sclerosis, in eight out of 12 suspected cases, but in no normal controls. No positive results were obtained in 12 patients with other neurological diseases, even when nystagmus was part of the clinical picutre. The technique is simple to use and may have a role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Image-guided Transsylvian, Transinsular Approach for Insular Cavernous Angiomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Surgical treatment of cavernomas arising in the insula is especially challenging because of the proximity to the internal capsule and lenticulostriate arteries. We present our technique of image guidance for operations on insular cavernomas and assess its clinical usefulness. METHODS Between 1997 and 2003, with the guidance of a frameless stereotactic system (BrainLab AG, Munich, Germany), we operated on eight patients who harbored an insular cavernoma. Neuronavigation was used for 1) accurate planning of the craniotomy, 2) identification of the distal sylvian fissure, and, finally, 3) finding the exact site for insular corticotomy. Postoperative clinical and neuroradiological evaluations were performed in each patient. RESULTS The navigation system worked properly in all eight neurosurgical patients. Exact planning of the approach and determination of the ideal trajectory of dissection toward the cavernoma was possible in every patient. All cavernomas were readily identified and completely removed by use of microsurgical techniques. No surgical complications occurred, and the postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. CONCLUSION Image guidance during surgery for insular cavernomas provides high accuracy for lesion targeting and permits excellent anatomic orientation. Accordingly, safe exposure can be obtained because of a tailored dissection of the sylvian fissure and minimal insular corticotomy.
Effect of Pressure on the Curie Point of the Pseudo‐NiAs‐Type Cr3Te4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Magnetic induction and electrical resistivity of Cr 3 □Te 4 including vacancies of magnetic atoms have been investigated in the vicinity of the Curie temperatures at hydrostatic pressures up to 6 kbar. The magnetic induction smoothly vanishes at the Curie temperature, T c = 325 °K. The electrical resistivity shows a I '‐type anomaly with a kink at 319 °K and atmospheric pressure, and this temperature is in agreement with the Curie temperature. The pressure effect on the Curie point has been obtained as: (d T c /d P ) = ‐(6.2 ± 0.4) deg/ kbar from the magnetic induction, and (d T c /d P ) = ‐(5.9 ± 0.3) deg/kbar from the electrical resistivity measurements. Although a large number of exchange chains are cut by the vacancies in Cr 3 □Te 4 , only little difference has been observed in the Curie temperatures between CrTe and Cr 3 □Te 4 . This is not explained by a volume effect of exchange integral on the Curie temperature with d T c /d P < 0 in Cr 3 □Te 4 , and a brief discussion of exchange interactions in this compound has been done in comparison with those in CrTe on the basis of the ionic model.
Exploring Non-Autoregressive Text Style Transfer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we explore Non-AutoRegressive (NAR) decoding for unsupervised text style transfer. We first propose a base NAR model by directly adapting the common training scheme from its AutoRegressive (AR) counterpart. Despite the faster inference speed over the AR model, this NAR model sacrifices its transfer performance due to the lack of conditional dependence between output tokens. To this end, we investigate three techniques, i.e., knowledge distillation, contrastive learning, and iterative decoding, for performance enhancement. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets suggest that, although the base NAR model is generally inferior to AR decoding, their performance gap can be clearly narrowed when empowering NAR decoding with knowledge distillation, contrastive learning, and iterative decoding.