jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sudden cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia in a case of vaginal hysterectomy: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinal anesthesia is an important and commonly practiced anesthetic technique by the anaesthesiologists worldwide. Though being considered a safe technique, it is not devoid of fatal complications and cardiopulmonary arrest (cardiac arrest) being the most serious among all. Cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia is a multi-factorial outcome, but vagal response to decreased preload often plays a key role. Common practice of preloading with IV fluid is suggested to not to be omitted before initiating spinal anaesthesia. If the situation warrants emergent, stepwise escalated resuscitative measures for treatment of bradycardia need to be instituted. A close supervision of the patients clinical parameter during spinal anaesthesia is a mandatory requirement to avert any untoward complication in such patients. In case of severe bradycardia or cardiac arrest, full resuscitative measures need to be promptly instituted.
Perioperative anaphylaxis and investigations: a local study in Hong Kong

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Data on local intraoperative anaphylaxis in Hong Kong is scarce, with few reviews available. We aimed to study the characteristics, presentations and workup results of cases referred to a local allergy clinic. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patient referrals and workup results for suspected intraoperative anaphylaxis at Queen Mary Hospital drug allergy clinic in 2012–2016. RESULTS: Tryptase was checked in only 81.7% (49/60) of the cases, most of which showed elevation (71.4%, 35/49). Among the 59 patients who received a workup, 47 (79.7%) showed positive findings, with a particularly high yield in the tryptase-positive subgroup (88.6%, 31/35). Among the 54 patients who consented to skin tests (the most sensitive investigation), 43 (79.6%) cases were positive. Overall, neuromuscular blockers were the commonest cause (25.0%, 15/60) of intraoperative anaphylaxis, while antibiotics ranked second (23.3%, 14/60). The timing of reactions was an important indication of potential allergens. For example, the majority of the neuromuscular blocker allergies occurred during the induction phase, while all gelofusine allergic events were in the maintenance phase of anaesthesia. 13 (21.7%) out of 60 cases received subsequent general anaesthesia procedures, with no recurrence of allergic reactions. CONCLUSION: Proper workup after an intraoperative anaphylactic event has a fairly good chance of identifying the causative allergen. These results are useful for patient management and the planning of subsequent anaesthetic procedures.
Reduction of N3− by [Mo2Fe6S8(SPh)9]3− Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode—Model Study of Nitrogenase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reduction of N3− by a (Bu4N)3[Mo2Fe6S8(SPh)9] modified glassy carbon electrode has been conducted in a pH region 5 to 12 in water. In neutral and acidic conditions, N3− undergoes two-and six-electron reductions to afford not only N2 and NH3 but also N2H4, and the total amounts of N2 and N2H4 produced were essentially consistent with that of NH3. On the other hand, no N2H4 formation was observed in the pH region higher than 10, where an equal amount of N2 and NH3 was formed. The rate of N2H4 formation was linearly proportional to a concentration of N3H, which exists as an equilibrium mixture with N3− in the aqueous phase, while that of N2 evolution was controlled by the concentration of free N3− in H2O. These observations indicate that N2H4 and N2 result from the coordination of N3H and N3− to the molybdenum–iron sulfur cluster, respectively.
Earlier brain tumor detection: Assessing the impact on survival, recurrence, inpatient length of stay and neurological deficit.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e23268 Background: Brain tumors commonly present in an emergency setting, but the majority of patients diagnosed with a brain tumor will have had one or more primary care visits in the preceding months. This suggests opportunities for earlier diagnosis. Early economic evaluation of a brain cancer liquid biopsy identified an evidence gap in quantifying the impact of earlier/later diagnosis on patient outcomes. The aim of this study is to estimate the association between two indicators of earlier/later diagnosis, tumor size and the length of diagnostic interval, and the patient outcomes of cancer-specific survival, overall survival, new or worsened neurological deficit, cancer recurrence and inpatient length of stay in 12 months following diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study utilising a database of 1400 patients from Southeast Scotland, UK, diagnosed with brain tumors between 2010 and 2020. Diagnostic interval was defined as time from first presentation to radiological diagnosis. Tumor size was defined as the recorded maximum diameter at time of diagnosis. Hazard ratios for cancer-specific and overall mortality, per mm increase in tumor size or per day increase in diagnostic interval, were calculated. Odds ratios for new or worsened neurological deficit and for tumor recurrence were similarly calculated. Linear regression was used to estimate effects on total inpatient bed days. Regression was used for all outcomes to adjust estimates for possible confounding factors. Alternative diagnostic window definitions were explored in sensitivity analysis. Analysis was repeated stratified analysis by brain tumor subtype was used to explore generalisability across subtypes. Results: There were 1196 eligible patients that were included in the study. The mean tumor size was 40.6mm (SD: 17.5mm). Each 1mm increase in tumor size increases mortality risk by approximately 1%, increases the expected inpatient days by 0.15 days, and the risk of new or worsened neurological deficit by 2%. Diagnostic interval results (in preparation) will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Based on previous estimates of brain tumor growth rates, a tumor with a 40mm diameter at diagnosis (mean diameter in this patient population) would be expected to be 28mm if diagnosed 1 month earlier. Applying the effect size estimates reported above would translate into clinically important differences in outcomes. This highlights the improvement in patient outcomes that could be expected if early intervention is made possible by new diagnostic tools.
Peer Review #4 of "Upregulation of NOXA by 10-Hydroxycamptothecin plays a key role in inducing fibroblasts apoptosis and reducing epidural fibrosis (v0.1)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The fibrosis that develops following laminectomy or discectomy often causes serious complications, and the proliferation of fibroblasts is thought to be the major cause of epidural fibrosis.10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) has been proven to be efficient in preventing epidural fibrosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear.NOXA is a significant regulator of cell apoptosis, which has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of fibrosis.We performed a series of experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, to explore the intrinsic mechanism of HCPT that underlies the induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts, and also to investigate whether HCPT has positive effects on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rats.Fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and stimulated by varying concentrations of HCPT (0, 1, 2, 4 μg/ml) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72 h); the effect of HCPT in inducing the apoptosis of fibroblasts was investigated via Western blots and TUNEL assay.Our results showed that HCPT could induce apoptosis in fibroblasts and upregulate the expression of NOXA.Following the knockdown of NOXA in fibroblasts, the results of Western blot analysis showed that the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-PARP and Bax, was decreased.The results from the TUNEL assay also showed a decreased rate of apoptosis in NOXA-knocked down fibroblasts.For the in vivo studies, we performed a laminectomy at the L1-L2 levels in rats and applied HCPT of different concentrations (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg/ml and saline) locally; the macroscopic histological assessment, hydroxyproline content analysis and histological staining were performed to evaluate the effect of HCPT on reducing epidural fibrosis.The TUNEL assay in epidural tissues showed that HCPT could obviously induce apoptosis in fibroblasts in a dosedependent manner.Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NOXA increased as the concentrations of HCPT increased.Our findings are the first to demonstrate that upregulation of NOXA by HCPT plays a key role in inducing fibroblast apoptosis and in reducing epidural fibrosis.These findings might provide a potential
The Teaching Laboratory Data Management (TLDM) System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the teaching laboratory, students generate large amounts of data and often struggle with the subsequent calculations for results. Grading the substantial amounts of results and calculations from a large class is very taxing for teachers, who are left with less time to interact with students. The TLDM system aims to resolve the primary challenge associated with laboratory experimental calculations: while the numerical operations for a given experiment are expected to be the same, the correct numerical results vary based on the unique raw data collected by each student. The system provides scalable instructional scaffolding to guide students through their own calculations. The system also works to generate custom marking keys unique to each student’s raw data to assist teachers in grading the numerical component of reports, leaving them with more time to provide feedback in other areas.
Bird Specimens in the Momiyama Bird Collection of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Obtained by Exchange with Yoji Yanagihara

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yoji Yanagihara (1892–1961) was a bird collector in Gifu, Japan. Yanagihara owned bird specimens which Tokutaro Momiyama (1895–1962) collected in Hachijojima. Momiyama stayed in Hachijojima from 1922 through 1925 and collected 2,049 bird specimens with his cooperator on the island until 1934. Of these, Momiyama exchanged 100 specimens with other collectors. In this study, I enumerated 16 bird specimens in the Momoyama collection housed at Yamashina Institute of Ornithology, which I consider that Momiyama obtained through exchange with Yanagihara.
Suppression of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with a small molecule inhibitor of α4 integrin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of α 4 integrin (CT301) at reversing the clinical, pathological and MR- detectable deficits associated with the acute phase of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Materials and methods: EAE was induced in 36 female Hartley guinea pigs, and the treatment period was from day 11 to day 17 post-immunization. Animals received either saline (n=12), anti-α 4 integrin antibody (AN100226m; n=12) or CT301 (n=12). T2-weighted fast spin echo and T1-weighted pre- and post-contrast scans were performed at the beginning (day 11) and end (day 18) of the treatment period, and scored for cerebral inflammation and gadolinium enhancement. T1-weighted images were further analyzed to quantify this enhancement as a measure of blood-brain barrier integrity. Dissected CNS was evaluated for inflammation and demyelination. Results: CT301 successfully reversed two clinical indicators of disease over the course of the treatment period. These animals showed decreased T2-weighted abnormalities, as well as a reduction in gadolinium leakage on T1-weighted images. Meningeal and perivascular inflammation was decreased by anti-α 4 integrin treatments. Conclusion: CT301 effectively reverses the clinical, pathological and MR-detectable deficits of acute EAE, and may therefore be a promising therapeutic agent in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Marked Verbal Forms in the Neo-Aramaic Dialects of Christian Barwar and Christian Urmi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes three unmarked-marked verbal pairs that exist in the Neo-Aramaic dialects of Christian Barwar and Christian Urmi. Each pair is analyzed for the opposing forms' formal and functional differences, with an emphasis on function. It is argued that despite the fact that the morphemes affixed to the marked forms are aspectual prefixes, the marked forms' main functional differences from their unmarked counterparts are pragmatic ones. Chapter I presents an introduction to the study, including information about the dialects analyzed and the study itself. Chapter II focuses on the marked forms that signal relationships between events in the discourse. This chapter first explores the unmarked qaá¹­Él form versus the marked bÉd-qaá¹­Él form, wherein it is argued that the marked form signals to the listener to interpret the marked event in relation to another event in the nearby discourse. The same unmarked qaá¹­Él form is then presented in opposition to the marked i-qaá¹­Él form, and it is claimed that the marked form indicates a sequence-final event. Chapter III is an analysis of the unmarked qá¹­ille form versus the marked qÉm-qaá¹­Él form, and it is determined that the marked form is used to represent the event from the point of view of the object. Chapter IV presents concluding remarks.
The epitaxial growth of AlGaAs using highly purified trimethylaluminum

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Highly purified trimethylaluminum [(CH 3 ) 3 Al] was prepared by reducing the contamination of volatile impurities such as organic silicon and dimethyl‐aluminum methoxide [(CH 3 ) 2 AlOCH 3 ]. The concentration of methoxy group in (CH 3 ) 3 Al was found to decrease considerably when (CH 3 ) 2 Al was distilled in the presence of aluminum trihalide. Among the halides, purification efficiency increased in the order I>Br>Cl. High‐quality AlGaAs layer and AlGaAs/GaAs modulation doped structures were grown by organometallic vapor‐phase epiloxy (OMVPE) using the purified (CH 3 ) 3 Al. Their electrical properties were discussed in relation to the volatile impurity in the source gas.
Genetic and Diagnostic Biomarker Development in ASD Toddlers Using Resting State Functional MRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Our overarching strategy is to exploit three large neuroimaging/neurobehavioral datasets to identify brain-imaging based biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). At Yale, we focus on determining if brain networks are influenced by genetic factors and if these genetic factors also influence other traits associated with ASD. Specifically, we will provide heritability estimates and test for pleitropy between putative ASD functional and structural networks and cognitive and behavioral traits. To demonstrate the feasibility of this analytic approach, we conducted an initial analysis with over 250 seed regions simultaneously to provide measures of brain connectivity within 14 previously derived functional networks. Next, we estimated heritability for these structural and functional networks, examined the co-heritability between different modalities (e.g. function and structure) and searched the genome for chromosomal loci influencing these networks. We demonstrated that many of these intrinsic brain networks are heritable, that different genetic factors influence brain function and structure and localized a number of chromosomal regions that harbor genes influencing brain connectivity. These findings, which were presented at the annual meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, clearly demonstrate our ability to conduct similar analyses with ASD specific networks, one these are identified in the BrainMap and ACE datasets.
Dynamics Modeling of Harmonic Reducer and Analysis of Flexspline Fatigue

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper takes the static and dynamic error of the harmonic gear drive into a full account, bases on the harmonic drive model to establish a system dynamics model and simplifies the infinite degree of freedom of harmonic gear driving system as a multi-degree-of-freedom system to derive the dynamic response to the stimulus under the physical coordinates.At the same time, the transfer function matrix and the frequency response function matrix after was obtained based on the multi-degree-of-freedom system.What is more, ADAMS software was used to establish a holistic rigid-flexible coupling model whose verification was done and the ANSYS Workbench software was used to judge the position where the flexspline is prone to suffer from fatigue by means of the transient dynamic model.
An introduction to spatial queues

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to introduce the methodology of random measures into the theory of spatial queues. By the latter, we mean queueing systems where each customer's location in space is taken into account explicitly. After a few preliminaries, we shall illustrate the uses of random measures on some M/G/∞ type queues and on an M/G/l queueing system where a single server goes from one customer to the next depending on the configuration of customers present in the space. As we shall point out, a large number of priority queueing systems and networks of queues with different classes of customers are subsumed and extended by these models. On the other hand, the results we shall obtain in the last section (with moving server) are somewhat incomplete and should be regarded as the start of a research program.
Milking technique and other factors affecting milk production potential in different breeds of camels under farm conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Daily milk production in 4 lactating camels each of Bikaneri and Kachchhi breed belonging to second and third parities and 3 lactating camels of Jaisalmeri breed from third parity was studied. The daily milk production was recorded twice a day at 12-hr interval by 3 different milking techniques, viz. 2-teat stripping and allowing calf to suckle simultaneously, 4-teat stripping, and machine milking. The average daily productions by 2-teat and 4-teat stripping, and machine milking in Bikaneri camels were 4.19±0.11, 3.2±0.15 and 2.66±0.16kg/day respectively. The corresponding figures in Jaisalmeri were 3.72± 0.17, 2.17±0.16 and 2.02±0.19 kg/day, respectively. The average daily productions in Kachchhi camels with 4-teat stripping and machine milking was 3.94±0.13 and 3.42±0.14 kg respectively. The morning, evening and total daily production per day were higher under 2-teat stripping followed by 4-teat stripping and machine milking. The contribution of breed and parity was significant (P<0.01) under all the 3 milking techniques. The daily milk production with 2-teat stripping varied from 2.37±0.27 to 6.73±0.27 kg/day, with 4-teat from 0.66±0.26 to 5. 15±0.25 kg/day and with machine 1.45±0.23 to 5.22±0.04 kg/day. The daily milk production was highest during month 6 of lactation and then it started declining. The month-wise daily average of second parity females varied from 1.61±0.31 to 4.64±0.31 kg/day and for third parity from 2.13±0.25 to 5.86±0.25 kg respectively. The contribution of parity on month of lactation was significant (P<0.1). As compared to evening, the morning milk yield was about 10.0 to 27.0% higher during different months of lactation. The chemical composition of milk during early and late phases of lactation indicated that pH, fat %, SNF and total solids were significantly higher during late phase of lactation. However, the proteins were also higher but not at significance level. Vitamin C was higher at early phase of lactation.
Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Its Relationship to Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To investigate the effects of simvastatin therapy on vascular endothelial function in patients with hyperlipidemia and its relationship to basic fibroblast growth factor.Methods 54 patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into two groups:simvastatin therapy group (28 patients,simvastatin 20mg daily for 8 weeks) and hyperlipidemia control group (26 patients).29 normal healthy subjects were examined as the normal control group.The flow-mediated dilatation of brachial artery can be evaluated using high resolution ultrasound assessment of changes in the brachial artery diameter of subjects.The content of serum basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide were detected by using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and enzyme reduction of nitrate,respectively.Total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein for each group were measured by routine ways.Results This study showed that the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation increased and the content of serum nitric oxide and basic fibroblast growth factor were enhanced more significantly in simvastatin therapy group than that of hyperlipidemia control group (P0.05).Compared with the hyperlipidemia control group,total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein decreased and high density lipoprotein increased in simvastatin therapy group (P0.01).Conclusion Simvastatin can increase the content of serum basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide,improve endothelial function of patients with hyperlipidemia.The effects of simvastatin therapy on improving vascular endothelial function might mainly relate to the decrease in the concentration of blood lipids.
The Sustainable Development Point of Integrate Use Of the Saline Soil Resources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is essential to accelerate developing the agriculture and structure,which open up and use of saline waste land and prevention and cure of salt affected soil in irrigated area This paper discusses influences which saline soil and salt affected soil have upon the industrial and agricultural production,puts forward point of view of the sustainable development which integrate use saline soil and salt affected soil resources
POPQORN: Quantifying Robustness of Recurrent Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The vulnerability to adversarial attacks has been a critical issue for deep neural networks. Addressing this issue requires a reliable way to evaluate the robustness of a network. Recently, several methods have been developed to compute $\textit{robustness quantification}$ for neural networks, namely, certified lower bounds of the minimum adversarial perturbation. Such methods, however, were devised for feed-forward networks, e.g. multi-layer perceptron or convolutional networks. It remains an open problem to quantify robustness for recurrent networks, especially LSTM and GRU. For such networks, there exist additional challenges in computing the robustness quantification, such as handling the inputs at multiple steps and the interaction between gates and states. In this work, we propose $\textit{POPQORN}$ ($\textbf{P}$ropagated-$\textbf{o}$ut$\textbf{p}$ut $\textbf{Q}$uantified R$\textbf{o}$bustness for $\textbf{RN}$Ns), a general algorithm to quantify robustness of RNNs, including vanilla RNNs, LSTMs, and GRUs. We demonstrate its effectiveness on different network architectures and show that the robustness quantification on individual steps can lead to new insights.