jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computer-Assisted Testing in Counseling and Therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Test interpretation may be enhanced by providing the counselor with an expanded and consistent knowledge base to assist in the interpretation of test data. Computer-based test interpretation (CBTI) is typically based on research data and clinical experience. Roid and Gorsuch (1984) described four approaches to CBTI: 1) descriptive interpretations; 2) clinician-modeled interpretations (renowned clinician type); 3) clinician-modeled interpretations (statistical model type); and 4) clinical actuarial interpretations. Counselors can use CBTI to support or challenge their judgments about the nature of client problems and potentially effective intervention strategies.
TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LASER WITH SATURABLE ABSORBER IN EXPERIMENTS AND MODELS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The chaotic behavior of the output radiation of a CO 2 laser with intracavity saturable absorber (LSA) is investigated, theoretically as well as experimentally, through the topological properties of the related 3D phase space flow of the system. By examining the unstable periodic orbits, we can reconstruct the topological organisation (links) of these orbits and show that, in some cases, the topological entropy of the flow is positive, i.e., the flow is chaotic. A comparison with return-time return maps analysis is also performed.
Microfracture Occurrence and Its Significance to the Hydrocarbons Expulsion in Source Rocks with High Organic Matter Abundance, Dongying Depression

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the Dongying Depression, high abundance of parallel microfractures are found in the hydrocarbon source rocks of the upper unit of E 2-3 s 4 Member and the lower unit of E 2-3 s 3 Member. Most of the microfractures are filled with secondary calcite. The layers with microfractures are extensive in the basin and appear at about 2900~3000 m, which are consistent with the top depth of the maturation stage of hydrocarbon source rocks. Lithological and geochemical studies show that the occurrence of microfractures in the rocks is heterogeneous. Most of microfractures are found in the paper laminated shales with high organic matter abundance, while still none is found in the massive mudstones with lower organic matter abundance. The relations between organic matter abundance, organic matter maturation and the occurrence of microfractures indicate that hydrocarbons generation is the key reason for the parallel microfractures to produce. When maturated the source rocks with high organic matter abundance begin to generate a great deal of hydrocarbons, which quickly raise the pore pressure and lead the rocks to fracture at last. As the upper unit of E 2-3 s 4 Member and the lower unit of E 2-3 s 3 Member are interbedded with shales and mudstone, and the occurrence of microfractures is heterogeneous and only limited to shales, the layers with microfractures and layers lack of microfractures are intercalated. So, we propose that the expulsion of hydrocarbons in this section will be similar to source rocks of intercalated sands and muds in front of the delta, and can improve hydrocarbons expulsion efficiency.
On the Electrochemical Intercalation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ Ions in Layered TiS2: A Fundamental Study in Alkyl Carbonate Based Electrolytes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Batteries based on naturally abundant, light metal anodes (such as Ca and Mg) and multivalent ion host cathodes can potentially achieve very high energy densities at relatively low cost and environmental impact, thus representing a compelling alternative to currently available Li-ion systems. While reversible Ca metal plating and stripping in conventional alkyl carbonate based electrolytes has been accomplished [1,2], unraveling cathode materials with fast and reversible ion mobility at high operating voltages remains a major open challenge, mainly hampered by the slow diffusion kinetics in the solid state of multivalent ions. Thus, besides the exploration of new materials, revisiting traditional layered intercalation hosts appears as a very useful tool to gain further insight into the fundamentals of divalent ion intercalation. In this context, a thorough study of the electrochemical intercalation of Ca 2+ in layered TiS 2 , in alkyl carbonate based electrolytes, is herein presented [3]. Fundamental insights on the insertion process are acquired through X-ray diffraction. Ca 2+ insertion is unambiguously proved by using both X-ray diffraction and differential absorption X-ray tomography at the Ca L2 edge and the reversibility of the process is demonstrated at moderate temperature. Different phases can be formed upon reduction of pristine TiS 2 , whose amount and composition dependon the experimental conditions employed. A comparative study with Mg 2+ containing electrolytes and other conventional intercalation hosts, such as V 2 O 5 , was also carried out. Careful examination of results highlights the potential relevance of side reactions in these system and the need to use several complementary characterization techniques to unambiguously assess divalent ion intercalation. [1]A. Ponrouch, C. Frontera, F. Bardé and M. R. Palacín, Nat. Mater. (2016), 15, 169. [2] A. Ponrouch, M. R. Palacín, Curr. Opin. Electrochem. (2018), 1. [3] Tchitchekova D.S., Ponrouch A., Verrelli R., Broux T., Frontera C., Sorrentino A., Biskup N., Arroyo-de Dompablo M.E., Bardé F., Palacín M.R., Chem. Mat. (2018), 30, 847.
Neurogenic and myogenic patterns of electrical activity in isolated intact mouse colon

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Relatively little is known about the electrical rhythmicity of the whole colon, where long neural pathways are preserved. Methods Smooth muscle electrical activity was recorded extracellularly from the serosa of isolated flat‐sheet preparations consisting of the whole mouse colon (n=31). Key Results Two distinct electrical patterns were observed. The first, long intense spike bursts, occurred every 349±256 seconds (0.2±0.2 cpm), firing action potentials for 31±11 seconds at 2.1±0.5 Hz. They were hexamethonium‐ and tetrodotoxin‐sensitive, but persisted in nicardipine as 2 Hz electrical oscillations lacking action potentials. This pattern is called here neurogenic spike bursts. The second pattern, short spike bursts, occurred about every 30 seconds (2.0±0.6 cpm), with action potentials firing at about 1 Hz for 9 seconds (1.0±0.2 Hz, 9±4 seconds). Short spike bursts were hexamethonium‐ and tetrodotoxin‐resistant but nicardipine‐sensitive and thus called here myogenic spike bursts. Neurogenic spike bursts transiently delayed myogenic spike bursts, while blocking neurogenic activity enhanced myogenic spike burst durations. External stimuli significantly affected neurogenic but not myogenic spike bursts. Aboral electrical or mechanical stimuli evoked premature neurogenic spike bursts. Circumferential stretch significantly decreased intervals between neurogenic spike bursts. Lesioning the colon down to 10 mm segments significantly increased intervals or abolished neurogenic spike bursts, while myogenic spike bursts persisted. Conclusions & Inferences Distinct neurogenic and myogenic electrical patterns were recorded from mouse colonic muscularis externa. Neurogenic spike bursts likely correlate with neurogenic colonic migrating motor complexes ( CMMC ) and are highly sensitive to mechanical stimuli. Myogenic spike bursts may correspond to slow myogenic contractions, whose duration can be modulated by enteric neural activity.
All-silicon light-emitting diodes waveguide-integrated with superconducting single-photon detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate cryogenic, electrically injected, waveguide-coupled Si light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating at 1.22 μm. The active region of the LED consists of W centers implanted in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n diode. The LEDs are integrated on waveguides with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). We demonstrate the scalability of this platform with an LED coupled to eleven SNSPDs in a single integrated photonic device.
Demystifying the Oil and Gas Exploration and Extraction Process

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The oil and gas sector is crucial to fulfilling the world's energy needs. This chapter describes the complex procedures required for oil and gas extraction. The chapter begins with formation of crude oil, various exploration techniques, and then moves on to discuss seismic surveys, geophysical analysis, and reservoir characterization techniques that can be used to locate possible reserves. The next section focuses on the drilling process itself, from the many kinds of rigs used for the wellbore's construction to the latest innovations in directional drilling technology. We also discuss how to increase hydrocarbon extraction using improved oil recovery techniques including waterflooding, gas injection, and chemical injection, all of which are part of the complicated field of reservoir engineering. Infrastructure and surface facilities for production are emphasized, including wellhead platforms, processing units, and transportation infrastructure including pipelines and tanker ships. We also narrate the various separation procedures done in refineries to extract commodities for the market from crude oil. Digitalization, automation, and the use of renewable energy sources as part of oil and gas operations are also discussed. This chapter highlights the industry's ongoing development brought on by technical progress, environmental awareness, and the worldwide need for energy. Understanding these processes is still crucial for making educated decisions and practicing sustainable energy management as the world makes the transition to greener energy sources.
Chalcone‐Quinoline Conjugates as Potential T. cruzi Cruzipain Inhibitors: Docking Studies, Molecular Dynamics and Evaluation of Drug‐Likeness

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract We reported in a previous work the synthetic route of a novel series of conjugates based on chalcone‐quinoline, some of them were active against T. cruzi , even more active than the clinical drug benznidazole. Those results motivated us to pursue further computational studies. Thus, molecular docking was used to determine the in‐silico inhibition effects for the compounds against cruzipain (PDB:3IUT), an important druggable target for antiparasitic diseases. Notably, the docking results showed that the most experimental active compounds within two series, 1 a – f and 2 a – f , namely ( E )‐1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐(4‐((9‐(quinolin‐8‐yloxy)nonyl)oxy)phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ( 1 e ) and ( E )‐3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐1‐(4‐((5‐(quinolin‐8‐yloxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ( 2 c ), also have the highest docking score (−7.3 and −7.4 kcal mol −1 , respectively). The good correlation between docking and the experimental data profile lead us to propose inhibition of cruzipain as the potential mechanism of action for the novel conjugates. By combining molecular dynamics with MM/PBSA methods, the stability and rationality of molecular docking studies were validated, and drug‐likeness studies showed suitable pharmacokinetics properties.
Additional file 4: Table S3. of The gene–treatment interaction of paraoxonase-1 gene polymorphism and statin therapy on insulin secretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Fukuoka diabetes registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical characteristics according to statin therapy (after 1:1 matching). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile), and n (percentage). CVD: cardiovascular disease, OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents, α-GI: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, DPP4-I: inhibitors of type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase.* log-transformed for the statistical analysis. (DOCX 14 kb)
Development of a Dating Violence Assessment Tool for Late Adolescence Across Three Countries: The Violence in Adolescents’ Dating Relationships Inventory (VADRI)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Accurate assessment of dating violence (DV) is crucial for evaluation and intervention planning. However, extant self-report measurement tools of DV do not adequately consider age-, generation-, and culture-specific issues, which are essential for its accurate conceptualization. To address these gaps, we developed the Violence in Adolescents’ Dating Relationships Inventory (VADRI) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The VADRI was developed based on a qualitative approach for item development through adolescents’ individual interviews, focus groups, and experts’ judgments, followed by a quantitative approach for tool assessment. Two aspects of DV were addressed: victimization and perpetration. After the necessary cultural and linguistic adaptation of items, the instrument was administered to 466 adolescents from three Spanish-speaking countries: Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. The items were best represented by a one-factor solution in each country, which suggests that DV is a unidimensional construct combining victimization and perpetration. Analyses of item-level factor weights and differential item functioning were conducted aimed at obtaining information about items that best represented the construct, resulting in a 26-item final version that was cross-culturally equivalent. Convergent validity was supported by positive correlations with the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory, and reliability analyses yielded favorable results (with all Cronbach’s α values above .90). We conclude that the VADRI is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of DV in various cultural contexts.
Exploring Epigenomic Datasets by ChIPseeker

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In many aspects of life, epigenetics, or the altering of phenotype without changes in sequences, play an essential role in biological function. A vast number of epigenomic datasets are emerging as a result of the advent of next‐generation sequencing. Annotation, comparison, visualization, and interpretation of epigenomic datasets remain key aspects of computational biology. ChIPseeker is a Bioconductor package for performing these analyses among variable epigenomic datasets. The fundamental functions of ChIPseeker, including data preparation, annotation, comparison, and visualization, are explained in this article. ChIPseeker is a freely available open‐source package that may be found at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ChIPseeker . © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 : ChIPseeker and epigenomic dataset preparation Basic Protocol 2 : Annotation of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 3 : Comparison of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 4 : Visualization of annotated results Basic Protocol 5 : Functional analysis of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 6 : Genome‐wide and locus‐specific distribution of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 7 : Heatmaps and metaplots of epigenomic datasets
Molecular mechanisms of normal erythropoiesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Un etre humain adulte produit environ deux millions d’erythrocytes par seconde, a travers un processus connu sous le nom d’erythropoiese. L’erythropoiese est controlee par une balance entre proliferation et differenciation finement regulee. L’expression des genes impliques dans ces deux processus distincts, est regulee extrinsequement (cytokines) et intrinsequement (microenvirennement metabolique, facteurs de transcription). Les facteurs de transcription, fonctionnent sous forme de complexes multiproteiques et controlent l’activite transcriptionnelle des cellules. Parmi eux, le complexe LDB1 joue un role cle dans la regulation de la balance proliferation/differenciation pendant l’erythropoiese, puisqu’il controle l’expression des genes impliquees dans ces deux processus. Au cours de mon doctorat, nous avons d’abord caracterise les mecanismes moleculaires de la “pre-activation” des genes de differenciation, egalement nommes marqueurs erythroides, dans les progeniteurs erythroides immatures. La pre-activation, est un etat dans lequel, les genes sont exprimes a un niveau basal tres bas, permissif pour une activation significative pendant la differenciation. Nous avons ainsi montre que les represseurs : ETO2, IRF2BP2 et NCOR1, interagissent avec le complexe LDB1, et lient ensemble les genes des marqueurs erythroides et les repriment. Au cours de l’erythropoiese, ces corepresseurs sont destabilises et LDB1 agit alors comme un activateur. En ce qui concerne les genes de proliferation, nous avons observe que le complexe LDB1 est destabilise au niveau de ces loci pendant l’erythropoiese. Afin d’etudier les mecanismes moleculaires de la repression genique des genes de proliferation au cours de l’erythropoiese, nous avons choisi d’etudier Myb, une cible du complexe LDB1, etudie auparavant dans le laboratoire. Nous avons teste trois facteurs : ZEB1, OGT et RNF12, en tant que candidats dans la repression de Myb. Nous avons montre que RNF12 est le seul facteur intervenant dans la transcription de Myb. RNF12 regule Myb probablement par une modification de complexes epigenetiques.
Electronic Structure of Pt and Pt-Co Nano-Particles with O2 and O2/H2o Adsorption Revealed By in Situ xafs and Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In order to clarify the effect of water adsorption on fuel cell cathode catalysis surface, we have investigated electronic structure of Pt and Pt-Co nano-particles with O 2 adsorption and O 2 /H 2 O co-adsorption by in situ XAFS and in situ hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). First, the electronic structure change under dry and humidified oxygen conditions at room temperature was measured by in situ HAXPES equipped with an ambient cell. The valence band (mainly Pt 5 d ) and Pt 4 f spectra were successfully obtained under up to 1 mbar for the first time. Both valence band and Pt 4 f spectra show that O 2 /H 2 O co-adsorption hindered oxygen adsorption. Based on our first principles calculation of valence band density-of-states (DOS) we have found that DOS just below Fermi level strongly decreases upon oxygen adsorption, while valence band spectra remain almost unchanged upon H 2 O adsorption. These results suggest that H 2 O molecules may occupy the oxygen adsorption sites on Pt surface more easily than oxygen, resulting in hindering the successive oxygen adsorption. However, under the more realistic condition at atmospheric pressure (1 bar) quite different results that the formation of higher oxidation states of Pt in Pt Pt L 3 -edge absorption spectra was enhanced by water adsorption were obtained by high resolution (FWHM of about 2.5 eV) in situ XAFS, taking advantage of life-time free measurements 1) . It is difficult to observe these changes by conventional XAFS spectra with poor energy resolution (FWHM of about 5.2 eV). At the atmospheric pressure more frequent attack by oxygen molecules onto water-adsorbed Pt surface may replace water molecules by oxygen, resulting in the formation of hydrated hydroxyl intermediates and higher oxidation states which hinder oxygen reduction reaction. The molecular dynamics simulation 2) also confirms the oxygen replacement on water-adsorbed Pt surfaces. This enhanced oxygen adsorption is more clearly observed for Pt nano-particles, probably because Pt nano-particles with stronger Pt-O bonding than Pt-Co nano-particles may further stabilize Pt-O bonding by additional adsorbed water. On the other hand, oxygen molecules on Pt-Co nano-particles may be difficult to form hydrated hydroxyl intermediates with adsorbed water, leading to less water effect on oxygen adsorption on Pt-Co. These results would be much helpful to understand why Pt-Co nano particles show higher ORR activity than Pt nano particles. References: 1) K. Hamalainen et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 , 2850 (1991). 2) R. Li, et al., New J. Chem., 38 , 683 (2014).
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Echiura Urechis unicinctus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tandem repeat sequences were de novo predicted using TRF28. In total, 518.47 Mb repetitive sequences were annotated, accounting for 45.22% of the assembled U. unicinctus genome. Moreover, 5,880 ncRNAs, genome, including 1,654 miRNAs, 3,732 tRNAs, 129 rRNAs, and 365 snRNAs, and 22,507 protein-coding genes were predicted were annotated in the U. unicinctus genome.
Orphanage tourism and development in Cambodia: a mobilities approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is perhaps more true than ever that contemporary society is a ‘society on the
move’ (Lash and Urry 1994). Globalisation has increased movement between
regions and nations in unprecedented numbers and international tourism is now a
common practice. The 1990s are described as the beginning of the mobility ‘turn’
in social sciences. Since then, there has been a rapid development in literature
concerned with the importance that mobility has upon individuals and society
(Adey 2006; Urry 2008; Cresswell 2010a; Duncan 2012; Cohen and Cohen 2015;
Coles 2015; Thulemark et al. 2014). As Sheller and Urry describe, there has
traditionally been a tendency within social science to ignore, trivialise, or uncritically investigate ‘the importance of the systematic movements of people for work
and family life, for leisure and pleasure, and for politics and protest’ (2006: 208).
Mobilities literature, in contrast, argues that mobility and movement are ‘at the
center of constellations of power, the creation of identities and the microgeographies of everyday life’ (Cresswell 2010a: 551). Tourism is increasingly seen as
interwoven within ‘everyday life’ (Franklin 2006; Edensor 2007; Hannam 2008),
or what can be considered within lifestyle mobility (Duncan 2012).
Improved Stress Control in Serotonin Transporter Knockout Rats: Involvement of the Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Variations in serotonin transporter (5-HTT) expression have been associated with altered sensitivity to stress. Since controllability is known to alter the impact of a stressor through differential activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and that these regions are functionally affected by genetic 5-HTT down-regulation, we hypothesized that 5-HTT expression modulates the effect of controllability on stressor impact and coping. Here, we investigated the effects of a signaled stress controllability task or a yoked uncontrollable stressor on behavioral responding and mPFC and DRN activation. 5-HTT(-/-) rats proved better capable of acquiring the active avoidance task than 5-HTT(+/+) animals. Controllability determined DRN activation in 5-HTT(+/+), but not 5-HTT(-/-), rats, whereas controllability-related activation of the mPFC was independent of genotype. These findings suggest that serotonergic activation in the DRN is involved in stress coping in a 5-HTT expression dependent manner, whereas mPFC activation seems to be implicated in control over stress independently of 5-HTT expression. We speculate that alterations in serotonergic feedback in the DRN might be a potential mechanism driving this differential stress coping.