jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Power System Resiliency and Wide Area Control Employing Deep Learning Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The power transfer capability of the smart transmission grid-connected networks needs to be reduced by inter-area oscillations. Due to the fact that inter-area modes of oscillations detain and make instability of power transmission networks. This fact is more noticeable in smart grid-connected systems. The smart grid infrastructure has more renewable energy resources installed for its operation. To overcome this problem, a deep learning wide-area controller is proposed for real-time parameter control and smart power grid resilience on oscillations inter-area modes. The proposed Deep Wide Area Controller (DWAC) uses the Deep Belief Network (DBN). The network weights are updated based on real-time data from Phasor measurement units. Resilience assessment based on failure probability, financial impact, and time-series data in grid failure management determine the norm H2. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, a time-domain simulation case study based on the IEEE-39 bus system was performed. For a one-channel attack on the test system, the resiliency index increased to 0.962, and inter-area damping ξ was reduced to 0.005. The obtained results validate the proposed deep learning algorithm’s efficiency on damping inter-area and local oscillation on the 2-channel attack as well. Results also offer robust management of power system resilience and timely control of the operating conditions.
The Effectiveness of Fragrant Pandan Leaves Ethanol Extract in Reducing Cholesterol Levels In High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Coronary heart disease was the primary cause of death in Asia in 2019. Indonesia is the country with the highest increase in cholesterol levels in Southeast Asia. One of the causes of coronary heart disease is consuming foods high in cholesterol. The commonly given therapy is simvastatin. However, long-term use of simvastatin can cause side effects, so it is necessary to use other alternatives. Pandanus ammaryllifolius also known as fragrant pandan is a plant that is often found in Indonesia and is used in the culinary industry. This study aims to test the effectiveness of fragrant pandan leaves ethanol extract (FPLEE) in reducing cholesterol levels in rats. A total of 30 rats were split into six groups (NC, C+, C-, T1, T2, and T3) and induced on a high-fat diet, except the NC group for 14 days. For the next 14 days, C+ was given a high-fat diet, C- was given simvastatin, T1, T2, and T3 were respectively given FPLEE doses of 8, 16, and 32 mg/200 g BW/day. Next, cholesterol levels were measured. The results of cholesterol levels were tested statistically using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests with a = 0.05. There is no substantial difference between NC, C-, and T2. There is a significant difference between T1 and C+ with a higher T1 value. Meanwhile, for T3, there is no significant difference between T3 and NC, C-, and C+. Thus, the most effective dose for reducing cholesterol levels is 16 mg/200 g BW/day.
Prevalence and Predictors of Long COVID During the Omicron Variant Dominant Epidemic at 3 and 6 Months in Thailand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Long Covid is defined as conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID-19 infection more than 3 months. This study aimed to analyze the point prevalence and predictors of long Covid in the Omicron variant dominant epidemic at 3 and 6 months in Thailand. Methods Prospective cohort study on the COVID-19 cohort at Thammasat University Hospital (TUH) and Thammasat Field Hospital (TFH) during the Omicron variant dominant epidemic was performed. The phone interview for long Covid symptoms was performed among 1,388 patients at 3 months and 917 patients at 6 months after the infection. Clinical characteristics of all participants were retrieved from the database of the hospital. Results The point prevalence of long Covid was 52.59% at 3 months and 28.57% at 6 months. The most prevalent symptom group at both time points was fatigue and weakness, affecting 31.70% of patients at 3 months and 15.81% at 6 months. Three significant predictors of long Covid were identified at both 3 and 6 months: severe-to-critical illness during the acute phase, female sex, and healthcare worker occupation. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for severe-to-critical illness were 4.50 [95% CI, 1.59–12.75] at 3 months and 9.15 [95% CI, 1.35–62.10] at 6 months. Female sex was associated with aORs of 2.04 [95% CI, 1.61–2.58] at 3 months and 2.41 [95% CI, 1.71–3.34] at 6 months. Healthcare workers had aORs of 1.96 [95% CI, 1.39–2.78] at 3 months and 3.12 [95% CI, 1.85–5.27] at 6 months. Obesity was a significant predictor of long Covid only at 3 months. Conclusions The prevalence of long Covid remains substantial following the Omicron variant-dominant epidemic. Key predictors of long Covid at both 3 and 6 months include severe-to-critical illness during the acute phase, female sex, and healthcare worker occupation.
Long-term prognosis of duodenal ulcer: follow-up study and survey of doctors' estimates.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1976 we reviewed a randomly selected cohort of 227 patients with duodenal ulcer first diagnosed in 1963. The cohort comprised cases diagnosed in both hospitals and general practice. Fifty patients had died, 12 had emigrated, and 154 (93%) of the remaining patients were interviewed. Fifty-seven medically treated patients had no symptoms, 44 had mild symptoms, and 19 had more severe symptoms. The remaining 34 patients had been treated surgically. Cases diagnosed in hospital had a more severe prognosis than those diagnosed in general practice. A random sample of 65 general practitioners and 78 medical and surgical gastroenterologists tried to predict the results of this study. The range of the predictions was very wide showing that individual prognostic estimates were highly unreliable. The mean prediction by all doctors differed little from the actual result, suggesting that the collective experience of the medical profession is more reliable. The predictions of general practitioners, physicians, and surgeons showed small systematic differences, presumably reflecting the different types of patients they treat.
Bayesian Monte Carlo Simulation–Driven Approach for Construction Schedule Risk Inference

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the construction of infrastructures becomes increasingly complex, it has often been challenged by construction delay with enormous losses. The delivery of complex infrastructures provides a rich source of data for new opportunities to understand and address schedule issues. Based on these data, many efforts have been made to identify key construction schedule risks and predict the probability of risk occurrence. Bayesian network is one of the most useful tools for risk inference. However, there are still two obstacles preventing the Bayesian network from being adopted popularly in construction schedule risk management: (1) the development of directed acyclic graph (DAG) and associated conditional probability tables (CPTs); and (2) the lack of observation data to trigger risk inference as evidence at the planning stage. This research aims to develop a novel Bayesian Monte Carlo simulation–driven approach for construction schedule risk inference of infrastructures, where the Bayesian network model can be developed in a more convenient way and be used without observation data required. It first constructs the key risk network with key risks and links through network theory–based analysis. Then the DAG structure of a Bayesian network is developed based on the topological structure of key risk network using deep-first search (DFS) and adapted maximum-weight spanning tree (A-MWST) algorithms. The CPTs are further developed using the leaky-MAX model. Finally, the Bayesian Monte Carlo simulation–driven risk inference method is developed for predicting and quantifying the probability of construction schedule risk occurrence. A real infrastructure project was selected as a case study to verify this developed approach. The results show that the developed approach is more appropriate to deal with risk inference of infrastructures considering its reliability, convenience, and flexibility. This research contributes a new way to construction schedule risk management and provides a novel approach for quantifying and predicting risk occurrence probability.
COLON-TARGETED CYCLOSPORINE IN THE IL10 KNOCK OUT MODEL OF CROHN'S COLITIS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a powerful immunosuppressive agent and has been used off label for steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. However, systemic exposure results in a number of side effects. A novel advanced oral drug delivery system, SmPill ® , has been developed to permit targeted release of CyA directly into the colon tissue with limited systemic exposure. Aims/Background The objective was to compare SmPill ® -CyA activity in the IL10 knock-out mouse model of Crohn's colitis against the marketed Neoral ® (po) and Sandimmun ® (ip). Method Mice were treated for 42 days, received the equivalent of 15 mg/kg/day CyA as well as untreated and SmPill ® placebo. A secondary objective was to measure systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine activity in isolated spleen cells. Results General Mouse Health: The SmPill ® -CyA group were significantly heavier than mice in all other groups on Day 42. The SmPill ® -CyA group had the lowest Disease Activity Index scores relative to the other groups. Colon Tissue Inflammatory Biomarkers: The untreated mice had the highest Serum Amyloid A levels (SAA), with the lowest levels seen with those treated with SmPill ® -CyA (p<0.001) followed by Sandimmun ® (i.p) (p<0.01) treated mice. Sandimmun (i.p) and SmPill ® -CyA groups had significantly lower (P<0.01) histology scores relative to Neoral ® . Neoral ® (po) had the greatest relative score. The highest levels of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were seen in the untreated and placebo mice. There was statistically lower MPO activity in both the SmPill ® -CyA and Sandimmune ® (i.p.) groups relative to untreated mice (p<0.05). Similarly to a reduction in MPO activity, the SmPill ® -CyA groups also had reduced IL-1α, IL-17 and TNFα pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (p<0.05) in colon tissue at Day 42. Systemic Tissue Inflammatory Biomarkers: In a measure of systemic CyA activity, the activity of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines in activated isolated spleen cells was measured. The Sandimmune ® (i.p) treated mice had significantly reduced production of TNF-α (p<0.01) and IL-17 (p<0.05) relative to cells from the untreated and placebo treated mice. In mice treated with SmPill ® -CyA the reduction in TNF-α and IL-17 release by cells was non-significant. The pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels for Neoral ® was between that of Sandimmune ® and SmPill ® -CyA. Conclusion The above study demonstrated that SmPill ® -CyA conferred preferential local colonic efficacy with limited systemic activity, in effect, harnessing the local efficacy of CyA and reducing systemic side effect risks. A SmPill ® -CyA formulation, CyCol ® , has progressed through human Phase I (PK) study in Canada and Phase IIb study in Ireland and the UK. A multi-centre Phase IIb study is being planned.
Time, Tides, and Tectonics on Icy Satellites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the outer solar system, we cannot use the radiometric dating techniques applied in terrestrial geology. We also lack the detailed understanding of the correspondence between crater size-frequency distributions and absolute ages that lunar samples has given us in the inner solar system. Additionally, many geologically interesting icy satellites are insufficiently cratered to yield precise relative ages. Thus we must find other ways to construct geological chronologies In this work I develop two techniques. The first compares the linear tectonic features covering Jupiter's moon Europa to modeled tensile fractures resulting from tidal stresses due to the nonsynchronous rotation (NSR) of the satellite's decoupled, icy, lithospheric shell. The amount of shell rotation required to align a feature with the stress field resulting from NSR is used as a proxy for time. This translation is potentially convolved with a phase lag between the tidal potential and the stresses it induces, resulting from the shell's partially viscous response to the NSR forcing. The geography of individual lineaments is found to be no more consistent with NSR stresses than chance would predict, however, the ensemble of global lineaments displays a non-uniform apparent rate of lineament formation throughout the time period recorded by the surface. This non-uniformity may be explained either by steady state fracture formation, activity, quiescence and erasure, or by a transient episode of tectonics. The second technique encodes the myriad superposition relationships evident between Europa's tectonic features as a directed graph enabling algorithmic analysis. The observed superposition relationships are generally insufficient to construct complete stratigraphic stacks, but we can calculate the degree to which they corroborate or contradict another hypothesized order of formation. We find that they tend to corroborate the hypothesis that the lineaments are tensile fractures due to prograde NSR stresses. Together these results offer cautious support for the idea that Europa's shell rotates independently of its silicate interior, and demonstrate techniques useful in comparing tectonic features on other icy satellites to hypothesized mechanisms of formation.
A Novel Rhodium-Catalyzed Reduction-Oxidation Process: Reaction of 4-Alkynals with Phenol to Providecis-4-Alkenoates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Oxidation und Reduktion in einem Schritt: Ein Phenol reagiert in einer rhodiumkatalysierten Konsekutivreaktion mit 4-Alkinalen in guter Ausbeute zu cis-4-Alkenoaten (siehe Schema). Bei diesem Prozess geht die Reduktion eines Alkins zu einem Alken mit der Oxidation eines Aldehyds zu einem Ester einher. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z18674_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Beyond risk : the evaded curriculum in sexuality education for homeless and marginally housed young women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nearly 4,000 young people are homeless in San Francisco annually. As that number \nincreases, sexuality researchers routinely focuses on sexuality among young people as a problem. In an interview study of young women who identify as homeless and/or \nmarginally housed, I explore the complexities of these young women???s sexual lives. The \nstudy???s findings prompt recommendations that advocates, providers, researchers, and \nprogrammers develop programs and studies that take into consideration both the \nuniversal sexual struggles and pleasures experienced by young women and the unique \ncircumstances of those young women who are homeless and marginally housed. In order \nto meet these general and specific needs, programs should include tools and discussions \nof how to minimize discomfort of sexual activity and how to maximize and enhance both \nsafety and pleasure.
Differential suppression of mammary and prostate cancer metastasis by human chromosomes 17 and 11.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metastasis suppressor activities have previously been mapped to human chromosomes 17 and 11. Decreased expression of the metastasis suppressor gene NM23, which is located on chromosome 17, has been correlated with increased metastatic potential in mammary cancers. A region on human chromosome 11, from 11p11.2-p13, has been shown to suppress metastasis in rat prostatic carcinoma cells. In both cases the metastasis suppressor activity had no effect on tumorigenicity or tumor growth rate, demonstrating that the encoded activities are distinct from effects of tumor suppression. To determine whether these human chromosomes encode general or tissue-specific metastasis suppressor activities, a truncated human chromosome 17 (i.e., pter-q23) and a full-length human chromosome 11 were separately transferred into highly metastatic rat mammary and prostate cancer cell lines and tested for their ability to suppress spontaneous metastasis in vivo. These studies demonstrated that when the pter-q23 region of human chromosome 17 is retained by the microcell hybrids, the metastatic ability of both mammary and prostatic cancer cells is suppressed. In contrast, when the pter-q14 region of human chromosome 11 is retained, only the metastatic ability of prostatic cancer cells is suppressed. Additional studies demonstrated that the metastasis suppressor activity encoded by the chromosome 17 pter-q23 region is p53-independent and not due to enhanced expression of NM23 protein.
Role of Tensile Stress in DNA Nanoresonators for Epigenetic Studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The evaluation of epigenetic features such as DNA methylation is becoming increasingly important in many biochemical processes like gene expression and transcription as well as in several diseases like schizophrenia or diabetes. Here, we report that self-assembled nanomechanical resonators entirely composed of DNA molecules can be used to explore gross changes in DNA methylation levels (0-25-50%), while careful control of tensile stress is needed to reduce the variability of resonance frequency for rigorous quantification. The effect of the tensile stress retained by the suspended DNA nanoresonators on the application of the technique is extensively explored using a combination of laser Doppler vibrometry and atomic force spectroscopy. DNA nanoresonators are real-time, label-free sensors and could avoid chemical functionalization and sample amplification. Therefore, they may represent in the future a key complementary routine tool for global DNA methylation analysis needed to evaluate the consequences of environmental stresses on the human genome.
Stochastic analysis of the ΣΔ modulator and differential pulse code modulator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most popular systems for performing high resolution analog to digital conversion is the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. Though common in applications, theoretical analysis of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator is difficult due to the presence of a discontinuous quantizer in the modulator. This paper presents asymptotic results regarding the statistical behavior of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator when inside the loop dithering is utilized. In some recent papers examining the stochastic behavior of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/, it was shown (via simulations) that the input to the quantizer can be accurately modeled as a stationary Gaussian process. Our analysis shows that both the input to the quantizer and the quantization noise are asymptotically stationary Gaussian processes, under mild assumptions on the input and the dither process. The results of this paper are derived by letting the quantizer stepsize approach zero, and the analytical approach is related to the stochastic analysis of adaptive filtering algorithms. Our analysis is valid for a large collection of stochastic input signals, including ARMA processes. Furthermore, previous stochastic analysis assumed that the quantizer never overloaded, while the present analysis does not make this assumption. It is also shown that analysis of the Differential Pulse Code Modulator is in fact analogous to the analysis of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. Simulation results presented for the first-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator and two second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators demonstrate the practicality of the analysis.
Altered GABAergic neurotransmission at the nucleus tractus solitarii following Hindlimb Unloading

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Hindlimb Unloading (HU) in rats induces dysautonomia and cardiovascular deconditioning (CVD) similar to that seen in bedridden individuals. The autonomic alterations in CVD and HU are related to plasticity within the central nervous system. The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is a major integrative brainstem region for autonomic modulation and processing of cardiovascular reflexes. GABA and glutamate are the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters within this nucleus. HU increases nTS glutamatergic neurotransmission yet decreases neuronal excitability. In this study, we investigated the effects of HU on the GABAergic neurotransmission in the nTS. We hypothesized that HU increases GABA synaptic modulation of nTS neurons, which contributes to impaired autonomic and cardiovascular control. HU was induced by placing stainless wire rings in the tail of male Sprague‐Dawley rats (3 weeks old), and after one week of recovery suspending rats at an angle of 30–35° for two weeks with free access to food and water. Control animals were maintained in normal postural conditions. After HU or the control period, coronal brainstem slices were generated and whole‐cell patch clamp was performed to evaluate GABAergic neurotransmission in the nTS region. The magnitude of GABA release was evaluated via an intensity‐based GABA sensing fluorescence reporter (iGABASnFR). Block of GABAA receptors (Gabazine, 20µM and Bicuculline, 20µM) depolarized membrane potential in HU but not in Control, suggesting greater tonic GABA inhibition in HU. In response to GABA interneuron stimulation the evoked IPSC amplitude and area, as well as iGABASnFR fluorescence, was greater in HU than Control. HU also elevated the frequency of spontaneous miniature IPSCs but not their amplitude. Puffer application of GABA (100µM, 15ms) produced similar postsynaptic current responses in nTS neurons of HU and Control. These results indicate that HU increases GABAergic signaling in the nTS likely via augmented release of GABA from presynaptic terminals. This synaptic plasticity may be a component of the mechanisms underlying the autonomic and cardiovascular alterations following CVD.
A metacognitive visuospatial working memory training for children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The paper studies whether visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and, specifically, recall of sequential-spatial information, can be improved by metacognitive training. Twenty-two fourth-grade children were involved in seven sessions of sequential-spatial memory training, while twenty-four children attended lessons given by their teacher. The posttraining evaluation demonstrated a specific improvement of performances in the Corsi blocks task, considered a sequential-spatial working memory task. However, no benefits of training were observed in either a verbal working memory task or a simultaneous-spatial working memory task. The results have important theoretical implications, in the study of\nVSWM components, and educational implications, in catering for children with specific VSWM impairments.