jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One-Shot Learning for CEST-Centered Multiparametric MRI: Training Neural Network with One Single Scan

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motivation: Multiparametric imaging offers comprehensive information. However, its practical application is hindered by extended scanning times. Goal(s): To develop a CEST-centered multiparametric approach capable of producing multiple quantitative maps. Approach: ResNet was utilized to simultaneously quantify amide, NOE, MT, DS, B0, T1 and T2. By incorporating a reweighting scheme in conjunction with transfer learning, we demonstrate one single scan is adequate to train a well-performing neural network. The robustness and generalizability of the proposed method were validated using multicenter data. Results: The proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art CEST deep learning method, providing more accurate quantification results, all while requiring a limited amount of training data. Impact: The proposed method has the potential to establish a CEST-centered multiparametric approach, eliminating the need for multiple scanning protocols and, consequently, reducing scan time.
On (in)animate noun phrases

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract ‘Small people talk about people, average people talk about events, great people talk about ideas.’ The above philosophical saying has been challenged by linguists, who instead say: ‘All people talk about people.’ Indeed, statistical studies of spoken language have shown that the subject of most sentences is human, or at least animate. For example, Dahl (2000) reports that in a corpus of spoken Swedish about two thirds of all subjects are animate.
Metabolite activation and glycine accumulation in Ehrlich ascites tumor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary The addition of several metabolites to the incubation mixture increases the rate of glycine accumulation by the American strain of tetraploid Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. For determination of the mechanism of this stimulatory effect, the energetic status of cells was estimated by their ATP content and the extent of glycine incorporation into protein, which were concurrently measured. It was observed that glucose, fructose, pyruvate, lactate, and oxalacetate stimulated glycine accumulation to the same extent, more than 50%, after 90 min. These metabolites simultaneously increased the cellular ATP level. Succinate, α-ketoglutarate, acetate, and linoleate had less effect on glycine accumulation. However, linoleate could not be tested by the use of concentrations comparable to those of other metabolites, since the latter have inhibitory effects. Alanine, valine, asparagine, and glutamine were also tested for their action on glycine accumulation, which was increased only by glutamine. After 90 min, approximately 20% stimulation by glutamine occurred without a simultaneous increase in cellular ATP level. The rate of glycine incorporation into protein was double that of control levels when glucose, fructose, pyruvate, oxalacetate, and alanine were added over a 2-hr period. Lactate and glutamine had even greater effects. The stimulated accumulation could be partially blocked by actidione (cycloheximide) or puromycin, suggesting that this effect of metabolites is, in part, the result of stimulated protein synthesis. Supporting this hypothesis is the finding that nonmetabolized galactose also stimulated the three parameters that were measured, namely, glycine accumulation, glycine incorporation into protein, and cellular ATP level.
Lenalidomide, Bendamustine, and Rituximab As First-Line Therapy For Patients >65 Years With Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Preliminary Results From The Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL4 (LENA-BERIT) Phase I-II Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Mantle cell lymphoma is a disease of the elderly, with a median age of 70 years. Younger patients may be treated with potentially curative treatment including high dose chemotherapy. For elderly patients, however, no standard therapy has been defined. In the current trial, we investigate if the addition of lenalidomide (LEN) to rituximab (R)+bendamustine (B) (B 90 mg/m2 D1-2 and R 375 mg/m2 D1) followed by maintenance with LEN for 7 months may enhance efficacy, with manageable toxicity, for the older population of MCL patients. Methods Eligibility criteria were age > 65 years, or ≤ 65 years, unable to tolerate high dose chemotherapy, with untreated mantle cell lymphoma, stage II-IV. BR was given for 6 cycles q4w. In the phase I part, the MTD of LEN was established as 10 mg days 1-14 during the induction phase, cycles 2-6. Prednisolone 20 mg days 1-14 was given during cycle 2. When LEN was initially given from cycle 1, we encountered unexpected grade III-IV toxicity in the form of cutaneous and allergic reactions. In the maintenance phase, LEN single therapy was given as follows: cycles 7-8 - 10 mg days 1-21, cycles 9-13 - 15 mg days 1-21. Results The trial was concluded June 1, 2013, after inclusion of 51 patients, of whom 24 were in the phase I part. The median age is 72 years. According to MIPI, 55% were high risk. Presently, 29 patients are evaluable for response after 6 cycles LBR. ORR is 28/29 (97%), CR+CRu 23 (79%). 17 out of 28 evaluable patients (61%) were MRD-negative after 6 cycles. After a median follow-up of 18 months, the median PFS has not been reached, and the estimated PFS at 2 years is 74%. Eight patients have died, 3 due disease progression, 3 due to treatment related toxicity, 1 of lung cancer in a heavy smoker, 1 of CMML. Overall survival at 2 years is 87%. Conclusions When omitted in cycle 1, lenalidomide in combination with R-bendamustine is feasible as first-line therapy in older patients with MCL, and is associated with a high response rate, also as assessed by MRD. The long term efficacy of this regimen remains to be established by longer follow-up. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Clinical Outcomes of Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy for Patients with Chronic Anal Fissure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: A lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is a safe and effective surgical treatment that is the most commonly used one for patients with chronic anal fissure.However, reports on the recurrence rate and complications after LIS published in Korea are rare.The purpose of our study is to identify the types and rates of recurrence, the complications after LIS, and the differences in clinical outcomes between open and closed LIS.Methods: We used hospital records and telephone interviews to study retrospectively the rates of recurrence and complications of 898 patients who underwent a LIS for chronic anal fissure from July, 2003, to June 30, 2004.Results: There were 292 male (mean age: 36.8 years, range: 16∼84) and 606 female (mean age: 32.4 years, range: 1~68) patients.The preoperative mean maximum resting pressure in anal manommetry was 99.2 cmH 2 O in male patients and 97.7 cmH 2 O in female patients.Recurrence of fissure after LIS was present in five cases (0.6%).All underwent a LIS, on the same side of a previous LIS in four cases and on the opposite side in one case.Delayed healing of the fissure was present in six cases (0.7%).All of these patients were improved by conservative management.Complications of the LIS were thrombus formation, perianal abscess, fistula, and incontinence.Thrombus formation was present in eight cases (0.9%).Five patients underwent a thrombectomy and three patients were cured by conservative management.Perianal abscess or fistula was present in three patients (0.3%), who underwent incision and drainage or a simple fistulotomy.Incontinence was present in two cases (0.2%).One patient was lost to follow up, and the other patient was improved by conservative management.Conclusions: LIS is a safe and effective treatment for patients with chronic anal fissure, and recurrence and complications of LIS are rare.
Comment on Part I

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Monetary targeting adopted by central banks has the objective of anchoring the expectation of economic agents. Central banks usually announce a growth rule for what they consider to be a sustainable and proper monetary aggregate with the ultimate goal of controlling inflation in the long run and possibly influencing the level of output and employment in the short run. Central banks have these ultimate goals, but they only have direct control over a set of tools that will influence some operating and intermediate targets, and then have an impact on the economic goals. It is important to note that emphasizing the transparency and communication of the economic agents are important elements contributing to the success of monetary targeting. It is argued by Mishkin (2001) that transparency can help to improve the time-inconsistency trap in which central bankers try to expand output and employment in the short run by pursuing overly expansionary monetary policy, and to achieve price stability in the long term. It was argued by Friedman (1968) that economic agents have to decide whether to rely on these official projections, or whether to form their own expectations. Economic agents usually consider the credibility of the central bank and the accuracy of the stated targets compared to the alternative monetary information available when they depend on the monetary target announcement to meet their expectations. However, the monetary targeting approach depends to a large extent on the choice of the monetary target, where this operating or intermediate target has to have a direct impact on the goal and that it should be highly correlated with it; furthermore the intermediate target has to be easier to control than the goal.
Salem, Ohio

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

STREETS: Ætna [1-66]; Broadway [178-280]; Depot E. [181-260]; Franklin Ave. [2-66]; Mill; SPECIALS: Boyle & Carey Stove Works; Buckeye Engine Co.; Buckeye Flour Mills; Edwards M. L. M'f'g Co.; P. Ft. W. & C. R. R. Depot; Salem Boiler Works; Salem Gas Works; Salem Lumber Co.; Salem Plow Co.; Silver & Deming M'f'g Co.; Victor Stove Co.; Woodruff J. & Sons Stove W'ks
Self-generation of spin-wave envelope soliton trains with different periods

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The self-generation of periodic spin-wave envelope soliton trains of microwave spin waves in active rings based on ferromagnetic films is studied experimentally. The trains of bright solitons with different periods are self-generated in the same ring due to the frequency-selective control of the attenuation of spin waves circulating in an active ring. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica".
Supernatural agents may have provided adaptive social information

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Atran & Norenzayan's (A&N's) target article effectively combines the insights of evolutionary biology and interdisciplinary cognitive science, neither of which alone yields sufficient explanatory power to help us fully understand the complexities of supernatural belief. Although the authors' ideas echo those of other researchers, they are perhaps the most squarely grounded in neo-Darwinian terms to date. Nevertheless, A&N overlook the possibility that the tendency to infer supernatural agents' communicative intent behind natural events served an ancestrally adaptive function.
Material selection for pulverized coal burners

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A significant amount of world's energy is produced by coal power generation. \nThe emission levels of already operational coal power plants can be diminished by improving the power plant's combustion technology. \nThe pulverized coal burners are exposed to high temperatures and aggressive fireside atmosphere. \nIn the power plants the operational reliability is emphasized, in general. \nTherefore material selection for pulverized coal burners is the key issue in burner design. \nThis master thesis studied the material selection of pulverized coal burners. \n\nThe operational conditions of the burners are presented in the beginning of the thesis. \nThe pulverized coal is pneumatically transported to the boiler which causes erosive and abrasive wear of the component surfaces. \nThe fireside ends of the burners are exposed to temperatures above 1000°C and the aggressive fireside atmosphere. \nThese conditions degrade the lifetime of the burner components and component failures from different power plants are presented. \n\nThis thesis focused on the critical components of the burner in which the majority of component failures have occurred. \nThe high temperatures induce thermal and thermo mechanical stresses to the components next to the fireside causing fracture. \nHigh temperature corrosion also contributes to component lifetime degradation. \nThe inner components of the burners show fractures in the wear resistant materials. \nThe theories related to these phenomena are presented in the thesis. \n\nThe component failures were analysed by Finite Element modelling. \nThe thermal loads for calculations were defined from temperature measurements from different power plants. \nThe results of the analyses and the component failures seen in power plants show that the primary causes for component failures is thermal shocks induced from altering boiler operating conditions. \nThe lifetime of the components can be improved by optimizing the material selection and the mechanical construction of the components. \nAs a result of the thesis suggestions for component material selection and mechanical construction are presented.
Tolerant Quantum Junta Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Junta testing for Boolean functions has sparked a long line of work over recent decades in theoretical computer science, and recently has also been studied for unitary operators in quantum computing. Tolerant junta testing is more general and challenging than the standard version. While optimal tolerant junta testers have been obtained for Boolean functions, there has been no knowledge about tolerant junta testers for unitary operators, which was thus left as an open problem in [Chen, Nadimpalli, and Yuen, SODA2023]. In this paper, we settle this problem by presenting the first algorithm to decide whether a unitary is $ε_1$-close to some quantum $k$-junta or is $ε_2$-far from any quantum $k$-junta, where an $n$-qubit unitary $U$ is called a quantum $k$-junta if it only non-trivially acts on just $k$ of the $n$ qubits. More specifically, we present a tolerant tester with $ε_1 = \frac{\sqrtρ}{8} ε$, $ε_2 = ε$, and $ρ\in (0,1)$, and the query complexity is $O\left(\frac{k \log k}{ε^2 ρ(1-ρ)^k}\right)$, which demonstrates a trade-off between the amount of tolerance and the query complexity. Note that our algorithm is non-adaptive which is preferred over its adaptive counterparts, due to its simpler as well as highly parallelizable nature. At the same time, our algorithm does not need access to $U^\dagger$, whereas this is usually required in the literature.
Generalized and high-efficiency arbitrary-positioned buffer for smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper develops a generalized, high-efficiency buffer for particle generation and deletion at arbitrary-positioned in-/outlets in the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. To achieve generality, we standardize the position comparison of particles with an arbitrary-positioned in-/outlet bound by introducing coordinate transformation. To enhance efficiency, particle candidates subjected to position comparison at a specific in-/outlet are restricted to those within the local cell-linked lists near the defined buffer region, thereby avoiding the inefficiency in the straightforward approach of sequentially checking all fluid particle positions across the computational domain. We validate the effectiveness and versatility of the developed buffer through two-dimensional and three-dimensional non-orthogonal and orthogonal, uni- and bidirectional flows with arbitrary-positioned in- and outlets, driven by pressure or velocity boundary conditions.
Retrospective Analysis of Capecitabine Monotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Single Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the toxicity of capecitabine therapy in metastatic breast cancer. A total of 103 patients treated between December 2001 and December 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. Capecitabine was used at a dose of 2500 mg/m2/day for 14 days, with 3 weeks of intervals between cyclesevery 3 weeks. There were 20 patients (19.4%) with brain metastasis at the start of capecitabine regimen. Median cycle of capecitabine was 6 cycles (range 1-24 cycles) mainly as 3rd line therapy (range 1.- 9. line). The overall response rate was 48.6 % (3.9 % complete response plus 44.7 % partial response). The rates of progressive and stable disease were 23.3 % and 28.2%, respectively. Thirty patients (29%) required dose reduction due to adverse side effects, and treat-ment was discontinued in 4 patients (3.8%). Capecitabine is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, and it has also shown promising activity in the treatment for brain metastases in patients with breast cancer.
Gait Analysis of Children with Cerebral Palsy Before and After Selective Lengthening of Lower Limb Muscles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

下肢筋の強い痙縮により, はさみ歩行やつま先歩行を呈する脳性麻痺児2名 (CP1, CP2) に対して選択的筋解離術を行い, その術前・術後での歩容を3次元動作解析システムで計測し, 手術治療の効果がどの関節運動に現れるかを分析した. 症例CP1では足関節底屈筋の痙縮が強く, 手術後に足関節背屈可動域が増大した. 下肢関節全体のばらつきが減少し, 関節モーメント波形も健常小児に近づいた. 症例CP2では, 左脚の膝関節屈曲筋と足関節底屈筋の筋力低下を推測させる膝関節過伸展, 足関節底屈モーメントの減少が見られた.
Biological quality of Complete Calf Starter Based on Rumen Development of Friesian Holstein Calf: Ruminal VFA and NH3 Concentrations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The quality of complete calf starter (CCS) was evaluated using Friesian Holstein (FH) calves. \nThe CCS formulation (soybeen meal, corn fodder and molasses 5%) was postulated to effectively stimulate the reticulo-rumen development in calf. Calves received CCS and milk for six weeks period of experiment. The observed parameters were dry matter feed intake,ruminal VFA and NH3 concentrations. Dry matter feed intake and concentration of rumen VFA and NH3 increased according to the age development of calves during the observation. \nIt indicaded that reticulo-rumen was developed as calf fed on CCS. The created CCS (soybeen meal, corn fodder and molasses 5%) could be offered to calf starting from 7 days \nold for reticulo- rumen development. \nKey Words: Complete calf starter, Rumen development, VFA, NH3
JOURNEYS THROUGH ‘INGESTIBLE TOPOGRAPHY’: SOCIALIZING THE ‘SITUATED EATER' IN FRANCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While place-based food habits play an important role in many parts of Europe, this article argues that knowledge of food origins and production methods is especially important to many French consumers, and that children are often socialized to value ‘place’ in their eating habits from a young age. Although the socialization process takes many forms, this analysis provides an ethnographic case study of one particular mode of learning about food habits and place which I refer to as ‘journeys through ingestible topography.’ During ethnographic fieldwork in the Loire Valley, I observed French children – along with their parents and teachers – as they made several of these ‘journeys,’ in which they gained a sense of place by moving through geographic spaces, meeting food producers, obtaining first-hand knowledge of food production, and anchoring their memories with on-site tastings. In this process, they were socialized to become informed and ‘situated’ eaters – situating, or constructing, their identities in terms of place.
Phytoseiid mites of the genus Neoseiulus hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from subSaharan Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thirty phytoseiid mite species of the genus Neoseiulus Hughes are reported from sub-Saharan Africa. Ten of these species are described for the first time and 14 nominal species are redescribed. Most of the species were collected from cassava groves in tropical Africa and from other habitats in South Africa. A key is included to distinguish these species and six other species known to occur in the region but not evaluated in this study.
Scobit-Based Panel Analysis of Multitasking Behavior of Public Transport Users

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With a focus on the multitasking behavior of public transportation users during travel, an examination is made of factors affecting activity participation along the axis of travel time. The probability of participation in an activity is represented by using a scobit (or a skewed logit) model, within which the widely used logit model is nested with the help of a skewness parameter. With this skewness parameter, it is not necessary to assume that individuals with a probability of 0.5 for performing an activity are most sensitive to changes in travel time or other influential factors. This analysis is the first attempt to apply the scobit model to transportation issues. An empirical analysis was conducted by using data (523 individuals) collected in Hiroshima City, Japan, in December 2008. Because multitasking behavior along the axis of travel time may be interrelated, the scobit model is extended to simultaneously incorporate the influences of state dependency and the remaining travel time as well as the other influential factors, by dealing with the data as panel data. As a result, a scobit-based panel model was developed. Model estimation results confirm the effectiveness of the scobit model. It was further revealed that introduction of a heterogeneous skewness parameter is more effective for representing activity participation than assumption of a homogeneous skewness parameter. Calculation results of travel time elasticity show that activity participation is sensitive to change in the travel time up to the first half of travel time and becomes less sensitive to travel time afterward.
Monitoring of Cellular Changes in the Bone Marrow following PTH(1-34) Treatment of OVX Rats Using a Portable Stray-Field NMR Scanner

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduction in trabecular bone in conjunction with increased marrow cell adiposity. While these changes occur within weeks, monitoring of treatment efficacy as performed by DEXA is sensitive only to long-term changes. MRI is sensitive to bone marrow changes but is less affordable. In a recent study, we have shown that a stray-field NMR can monitor bone marrow cellular changes that are related to osteoporosis. Objectives. To demonstrate sensitivity of a low-field tabletop NMR scanner to bone marrow dynamics following hormonal treatment in rats. Methods. Two-month-old female rats (n=36) were ovariectomized (OVX) and dosed for the ensuing 3 or 5 weeks with 20 mg/kg of PTH(1-34). Hind limbs femurs and tibiae were isolated and underwent ex vivo microradiography and histology and NMR relaxometry at 6 weeks (preventive experiment) and 11 weeks (therapeutic treatment experiment) after OVX. Results. OVX rats developed osteoporotic changes including adipogenic marrow compared to Sham and PTH treated rats. T2 and ADC NMR relaxation coefficients were found to correlate with marrow composition. Conclusions . This study suggests that stray-field NMR, an affordable method that is sensitive to the rapid cellular changes in bone marrow, may have a clinical value in monitoring hormonal treatment for osteoporosis.