jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shared buffer ATM switch with doubly linked lists

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Shared buffer memory switch (SBMS) architecture was originally proposed as an effective approach to implement ATM switch fabrics. However, in this paper we find that if an error occurs in the address chain memory of one linked list which stores the address of the next cell in the shared buffer memory, the erroneous situation will spread over all linked lists in the SBMS in a short time. In order to prevent the fault spread phenomenon, we propose two doubly linked list based architectures to combat address chain failure; these are referred to as the Flush and In‐Seq schemes. The first scheme flushes the remaining cells in the faulty queue but collect their addresses for later usage. The second scheme outputs the remaining cells in their correct sequence. From our simulation, if the error injection rate is low, the performance of the In‐Seq scheme experiences slight degradation compared with the errorfree situation.
Study of acute and subacute toxicities and genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the lyophilized extract of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) mattos leaves in wistar rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos is a Brazilian native plant species used in a popular medicinal tea for treating gastrointestinal, urinary, and dermatological pathologies. This study evaluated the toxicity of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos via acute and subacute toxicity tests. It also analyzed mutagenic and genotoxic potentials by the micronucleus test, which detects genetic material damage indicating mutagenicity, and the comet assay, which assesses DNA damage levels as a genotoxicity indicator. The plant extract initially originated from the ultrasonic maceration of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos leaves in a hydroethanolic solution. The involved animals were adult Wistar rats. Ten females were available to evaluate acute toxicity and estimate the LD50, receiving a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity evaluation used 35 females and 35 males divided into seven groups: negative control (saline control – SC), positive control (cyclophosphamide control – CC), 125 mg/kg (125), 250 mg/kg (250), 500 mg/kg (500), 1000 mg/kg (1000), and the satellite group (ST). Genotoxicity and mutagenicity experiments applied bone marrow micronucleus and comet assays. Acute and subacute toxicity tests did not present behavioral, physical, and physiological changes (p≥0.05). Administering the Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos extract reduced spleen size in male and female animals, without histopathological changes. However, doses above 500 mg/kg showed significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects in the comet and micronucleus assays compared to the control group. The extract did not exhibit acute or subacute toxicity, but doses higher than 500 mg/kg indicated some level of genotoxicity and mutagenicity.
Effects of synthetic chalcone derivatives on oxidised palmitoyl arachidonoyl phosphorylcholine-induced proinflammatory chemokines production

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Oxidised 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC) induces the production of proinflammatory chemokines has been widely studied for its role in vascular inflammation.
Comparison of Double Sleeve Lobectomy by Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) and Thoracotomy for NSCLC Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liang Wu,1 Hao Wang,2 Haomin Cai,1 Jiang Fan,1 Gening Jiang,1 Yayi He,3 Lei Jiang1 1Department of Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yayi He; Lei Jiang Tel/fax +86 21 6511 5006Email 2250601@qq.com; leijiang2356@yahoo.comBackground: With the development of the surgical technique and experience of surgeons, uniportal VATS has been used in double sleeve lobectomy to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of uniportal VATS in NSCLC treatment.Methods: We reviewed 42 NSCLC patients who underwent double sleeve lobectomy in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from June 2015 to November 2017. 21 patients received double sleeve lobectomy through uniportal VATS and 21 through conventional thoracotomy with large incision.Results: The characteristics of patients were similar between the two groups. The operation time was longer in the uniportal VATS group (p=0.021) and the drainage on postoperation day 1 was significantly less in the uniportal VATS group (p=0.004). Patients reported a lower postoperative pain level in the uniportal VATS group than in the thoracotomy group (p=0.002). No statistically significant difference showed in other aspects.Conclusion: Uniportal VATS double sleeve lobectomy for NSCLC treatment is safe and effective. Lower postoperative pain level was found in the uniportal VATS group. Its complication rate and postoperation survival were similar to the conventional thoracotomy approach with large incision. But a large randomized clinical trial is still necessary for further investigation.Keywords: sleeve lobectomy, uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery, VATS, thoracotomy
Biochemical changes in chaenomeles fruits and fruit juice during ripening and storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper, studies on the changes in characteristics and chemical composition of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) fruits and fruit juice during fruit ripening and storage are reported. Juice was extracted from unripe, mature and stored fruits, respectively, and pH, density, viscosity, turbidity, content of soluble and insoluble solids, titratable acidity and content of vitamin C and phenols were analysed. Fruit biochemistry was clearly influenced by genotype and site of cultivation of plants. Ripening was associated with an increase in density, soluble solids, titratable acidity and content of vitamin C in the juice. During storage at 1 °C and 5 °C, respectively, the general tendencies for changes in fruit biochemistry were similar for all genotypes analysed. The characteristics of the fresh fruit were well preserved at 1 °C, even during two months of storage. However, after three months a significant loss in juice yield was observed. This was accompanied by browning of the fruit skin, an increase in turbidity of the juice, changes in the content of vitamin C and a modification of aroma. The fruits kept at 1 °C and 85% relative humidity could be stored for a maximum of nine weeks without significant loss in quality. At 5 °C and 80% relative humidity, the corresponding storage period decreased to four weeks.
The Extent of Corruption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It was discussed in Chap. 2 that no international consensus existed concerning a definition of corruption. This makes the subject difficult to study empirically. Furthermore, there are also often no witnesses who are unaware they are a victim of corruption. However, understanding the level of corruption is important; if corruption can be measured, regardless of how approximate the data might be, it can be learned which factors are potentially involved in any reduction of its incidence (Collier 2000; Heywood 2015). Measurement is therefore critical, providing some benchmark of progress, understanding its extent, and identifying what effective factors reduced its rate of incidence, if any. This chapter therefore examines the various efforts that have been made, both historically and contemporarily (Hough 2015), to gauge the prevalence of corruption, its impact on people and the effectiveness of anti-corruption initiatives and reforms.
TPP Fuel Characteristic – Objective Index of Its Cycle Economy

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a methodology and an example how to calculate thermo-dynamically justified specific consumer of reference fuel at combined generation of heat and electric power. The methodology is based on an analytical generalization of mode diagrams of the turbine which installed at the TPP.While calculating self-cost the paper proposes to exclude a conditional division of the equipment into heat- or electric power generating one and heat tariff calculation is carried out on the basis of a market price for electric power.
Developing a Hybrid Expert/Data-Driven Health Index for Railway Axleboxes Using Auto-Encoder Neural Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The railway axlebox is a critical safety component in rolling stock. It bears the weight of the train, and minimises the friction with the rotating axle. Its failure in service might cause derailment. Therefore, its maintenance is decisive. This article presents a methodology to create a standard Health Index that blends the hard threshold-based expert criteria developed at the workshop, with a record of actual vibration data, in order to increase the flexibility of its diagnostic and provide a soft granular feedback. The proposed method makes use of an auto-encoder neural network to accommodate two different approaches: one based on the principal component of a set of vibration features, and the other based on an anomaly detection scheme operating directly at the vibration signal level. The results of the analysis show that the former strategy provides a smooth uncertain index, while the latter yields a sharp sensitive index. Such different diagnosis designs are regarded as an opportunity to better fit the vision of the maintenance course of action.
Analisis Peran Undewriter Dalam Menyeleksi Risiko pada Produk Asuransi Kesehatan:

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims at the role of the underwriter in selecting the risk of health insurance products, knowing the obstacles encountered by the underwriter in selecting the risk and the solutions applied to overcome these obstacles, and knowing the underwriting process of group health insurance at AJB Bumiputera Medan. The type of research used is descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. The conclusions of this study briefly are: (1) Underwriters have an important role in insurance companies because underwriters determine whether the insurance coverage can be accommodated by the company or not. (2) Obstacles encountered by underwriters in selecting risks are the availability of incomplete participant data, previous experience data of the insured and prospective insured not providing the desired budget and benefits, while the solution is to contact the agent concerned to obtain additional information needed by the underwriter, apply analysis to groups of prospective insurance participants as new participants, and provide standard premium rates and benefits. (3) The underwriting process begins when marketing applies for SPPA until the issuance of the policy. Keywords: Underwriting, Underwriter, Group Health Insurance
The Popular Movement Dimensions of Contemporary Militant Islamism: Socio-Spatial Determinants in the Cairo Urban Setting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is a revisiting of the question of contemporary Islamism in Egypt. Its purpose is to rethink the main arguments and explanatory frameworks relating to Islamist activism in general and the militant and violent type in particular. It presents some new propositions about the phenomenon and provides elements for a deeper understanding. This revisiting is undertaken in light of certain developments over the last decade or so, which may be summarised as follows: 1) the heightening of Islamist violence, marked by confrontations with the government in and around Cairo and in the provinces of Upper EgyptThe 1990s have seen an intensification of violent clashes between the Islamists and the government, claiming over one thousand lives. The Islamist attacks have been aimed particularly at the tourism sector and the police. More than a hundred police officers and soldiers have been killed. For more details, see the annual reports of al-Taqrir al-Istratiji al-Arabi (The Arab Strategic Report). See also Nabil Abd al-Fatah and Diya' Rashwan, Taqrir al-Hala al-Diniya fi Misr 1995 (Report on the State of Religion in Egypt 1995) (Cairo: Centre for Political and Strategic Studies, 1997).; 2) the emergence of clear socio-spatial dimensions to Islamist activism. For the purposes of this article, my analysis pertains to these developments in the greater Cairo area.The rise of al-Jama'a al-Islamiya in the Upper Egypt governorates of Qena, Asyut, Suhaj, Minya and Aswan must be examined in relation to the social fabric and spatial organisation of their cities and towns. The complexity of social organisation based on tribe and family and the hierarchies characterising social, economic, and political positions in the various provinces have yet to be studied in a comprehensive manner, and are beyond the scope of this paper. See Nazih Ayubi, Political Islam (London: Routledge, 1991), and Mamun Fandy, "Egypt's Islamic Group: Regional Revenge," Middle East Journal 48, 4 (1994): 607–25.
Incidence of Acute Hamstring Injuries in Soccer: A Systematic Review of 13 Studies Involving More Than 3800 Athletes With 2 Million Sport Exposure Hours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To estimate the incidence and recurrence rates of acute hamstring injuries in all levels of soccer. Design Epidemiology systematic review. Literature Search We searched the PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases. Study Selection Criteria We included prospective studies of all levels of adult soccer players that registered acute hamstring injuries and provided a description of incidence of acute hamstring injuries per 1000 playing hours (or available data to calculate this). Data Synthesis Due to heterogeneity, we synthesized the data descriptively. Results Thirteen studies including 3868 players met the inclusion criteria. Two of 13 included studies reported on hamstring injuries in women, and all reported the same in men. The incidence of acute hamstring injury ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 per 1000 exposure hours in women and 0.3 to 1.9 per 1000 exposure hours in men. Hamstring injuries accounted for 4% to 13% of all soccer-related injuries. Hamstring injury recurrence rates ranged from 4% to 68%, depending on the injury definition. Certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Conclusion The incidence of acute hamstring injury in soccer was 0.3 to 1.9 per 1000 exposure hours. The recurrence rate was 4% to 68%. The strength of the evidence was limited by a lack of methodological rigor, the use of varying definitions for acute hamstring injury, and heterogeneous methods of reporting on acute hamstring injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(1):27–36. Epub 11 Dec 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9305
The relation between the plankton and the water color indicated by C.I.E. color language in gold-fish ponds in Koriyama, Nara Prefecture

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Twenty gold-fish ponds in Kita-Koriyama, Nara Prefecture were studied in March, 1955, concerning the relation between the water colors and plankton.The water colors were measured by the method of YAMAZAKI and WATANABE (1955), in which the principle of additive color mixture by using a MAXWELL'S disc was applied, and the results were indicated by the C.I.E. color language (Table 1). As to obtain the quantitative values of plankton as exactly as possible, the author calculated the extinction values measured by photoelectric photometer with compensating circuit, and substituted those values for the quantity of plankton (Fig. 1).The results are as follows : a) The correlation between the luminosities (Y) and excitation purities (Pe) in the water colors is shown as Y=0. 267Pe+0. 4 ; and the correlation coefficient (r) is 0. 895.b) In the ponds, in which the extinction value is above 0. 20, each dominant wavelength (λD) and luminosity (Y) in water colors shows a negative correlation, but in those below 0.20, such a correlation cannot be seen. Moreover, the water color in the former is determined by the composing percentage of Scenedesmuswhich is dominant in every pond, while in the latter it is considered that the water colors are not only determined by pigments of plankton but also by physical factors. (Fig 3, Fig. 4).From the above facts, it is difficult to consider that the plankton density corresponding to the excitation value of about 0. 20 is a critical point in the relation between the water colors and plankton quantities in gold-fish ponds.
Adhesion of U‐937 Monocytes on Different Amine‐functionalised Polymer Surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Human U‐937 monocytes are notoriously reluctant to adhere to normally cell‐adhering surfaces, for example tissue‐culture poly(styrene). In earlier work, these laboratories observed that organic thin films prepared by plasma‐ or ultraviolet‐assisted polymerisation, so‐called PVP:N, did facilitate the adhesion and proliferation of U‐937 under the condition that the concentration of primary amines exceed a critical value, [NH 2 ] crit ≥ 4.2 at.%. That criterion being satisfied by pristine Parylene diX AM, we have compared its performance with those of particular types of PVP:N, L‐PPE:N and UV‐PE:N. Here, we report a study of aging of these coating types in atmospheric air, then of time‐dependent adhesion of U‐937 cells. Although there are similarities, the coatings also manifest interesting differences that so far elude detailed understanding. magnified image
Examining measurement invariance in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form across sexual and gender minority status

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) was developed with an assumption of invariance across sexual and gender minority individuals (SGM). This assumption has yet to be tested empirically. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we examined measurement invariance in the PID-5-BF across SGM status in clinical (N=1174; n=254 SGM) and non-clinical (N=1456; n=151 SGM) samples. Measurement invariance was supported for the PID-5-BF structure, item thresholds, and factor loadings, but not at the item intercept level. SGM individuals endorsed higher Negative Affectivity, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism domains in both samples. In the clinical sample, adjusting for partial invariance decreased Detachment and Antagonism levels for SGM persons. In the non-clinical sample, adjusting for partial invariance reduced Antagonism disparities in the SGM group, even rendering original group differences null. Our results support the use of the PID-5-BF in SGM populations but indicate that some measurement bias may drive observed disparities in maladaptive trait domains, and in-turn, personality disorder diagnosis.
Analysis of Iranian Revolution Guard Corps in the Context of its Inclusion on the List of Foreign Terrorist Organisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

United states of America classified from 2019 Iranian revolution guards as "foreign terrorist organisation". Article analyses consequences of this step. Text in the introduction presents Guards and highlights the differences between this organization and "classical" terrorist organization. Goal of the main part of text is to analyze American steps and finds consequences resulting from it. This work concluded that though legal consequences of putting Guards on the list of "foreign terrorist organization" are small, on the other hand its practical impacts are huge. There was also found link between putting Guards on this list and new American strategy of "maximal pressure" against Iran.
Magnetospirillum caucaseum sp. nov., Magnetospirillum marisnigri sp. nov. and Magnetospirillum moscoviense sp. nov., freshwater magnetotactic bacteria isolated from three distinct geographical locations in European Russia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Three strains of helical, magnetotactic bacteria, SO-1T, SP-1T and BB-1T, were isolated from freshwater sediments collected from three distinct locations in European Russia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains belong to the genus Magnetospirillum. Strains SO-1T and SP-1T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1T (99.3 and 98.1 %, respectively), and strain BB-1T with Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1T (97.3 %). The tree based on concatenated deduced amino acid sequences of the MamA, B, K, M, O, P, Q and T proteins, which are involved in magnetosome formation, was congruent with the tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SO-1T, SP-1T and BB-1T were 65.9, 63.0 and 65.2 mol%, respectively. As major fatty acids, C18 : 1ω9, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 0 were detected. DNA-DNA hybridization values between the novel strains and their closest relatives in the genus Magnetospirillum were less than 51.7 ± 2.3 %. In contrast to M. magnetotacticum MS-1T, the strains could utilize butyrate and propionate; strains SO-1T and BB-1T could also utilize glycerol. Strain SP-1T showed strictly microaerophilic growth, whereas strains SO-1T and BB-1T were more tolerant of oxygen. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strains from each other as well as from the two species of Magnetospirillum with validly published names. Therefore, the strains represent novel species, for which we propose the names Magnetospirillum caucaseum sp. nov. (type strain SO-1T = DSM 28995T = VKM B-2936T), Magnetospirillum marisnigri sp. nov. (type strain SP-1T = DSM 29006T = VKM B-2938T) and Magnetospirillum moscoviense sp. nov. (type strain BB-1T = DSM 29455T = VKM B-2939T).
Certolizumab pegol in therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper reviews the literature on the new tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist certolizumab pegol (CZP). It considers the experience in using the drug in Russia within the framework of the RAPID 2 trial. The currently obtained material suggests that CZP has extended the capacities of RA treatment. The drug may be successfully used both alone and in combination with other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and it is effective in all degrees of disease activity. The agent is noted for a particularly rapid achievement of its therapeutic effect, early exhibits antidestructive properties, and enables prediction of the long-term results of therapy at a relatively early stage of its use. It is improbable that the administration of CZP versus other TNF-α antagonists in pregnancy may be safer since it does not seem to penetrate the placental barrier. Emphasis is laid on the most convenient method for administration of the drug, namely, its subcutaneous route at large intervals. In this case there may be rare local reactions.