jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A novel poly ligand exchanger – Cu(II)-loaded chelating resin for the removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aqueous solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a poly ligand exchanger, Cu(II)-loaded chelating resin bearing the functional group of weak iminodiacetate acid was prepared to efficiently remove ammonia from solutions. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted under a range of conditions to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. The effects of contact time, pH, resin dosage and temperature on the removal of ammonia by a Cu(II)-loaded resin were determined. The maximum removal efficiency was reached at pH 9.5 at room temperature, 25°C, in 300 min. The maximum ammonia adsorption capacity was found to be 45.66 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacities decreased with the increasing of solution temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used for fitting the adsorption experimental data without competing ions and the Langmuir isotherm model was proved to be the best-fitting model by comparing the corresponding correlation coefficients (R2) of the listed models. The effect of competing ions Na+ and Ca2+ on the adsorption of the Cu(II)-loaded resin for ammonia was investigated. The results showed that the existing of competing ions had a negative effect on the ammonia removal. The adsorption capacities decreased with the increasing concentration of competing ions. The Langmuir isotherm model was used to fit the experimental data and proved efficient. The existing of competing ions in solutions was unfavorable for ammonia adsorption and the weakening effect of bivalent Ca2+ was stronger than the monovalent Na+. The ammonia adsorption capacity was relatively high compared with other ammonia adsorbents and the Cu(II)-loaded resin was an economically feasible and promising technology for ammonia removal.
Many-body quantum dynamics slows down at low density

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study quantum many-body systems with a global U(1) conservation law, focusing on a theory of N interacting fermions with charge conservation, or N interacting spins with one conserved component of total spin. We define an effective operator size at finite chemical potential through suitably regularized out-of-time-ordered correlation functions. The growth rate of this density-dependent operator size vanishes algebraically with charge density; hence we obtain new bounds on Lyapunov exponents and butterfly velocities in charged systems at a given density, which are parametrically stronger than any Lieb-Robinson bound. We argue that the density dependence of our bound on the Lyapunov exponent is saturated in the charged Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. We also study random automaton quantum circuits and Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, each of which exhibit a different density dependence for the Lyapunov exponent, and explain the discrepancy. We propose that our results are a cartoon for understanding Planckian-limited energy-conserving dynamics at finite temperature.
Percepcije o nastavnim predmetima i postignuća učenika kao činioci usmerenja ka matematici i prirodnim naukama u gimnaziji

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Numerous studies point to the presence of a specific dichotomy in contemporary circumstances. On the one hand, it is emphasized that the knowledge of natural sciences is necessary for the progress of society. On the other hand, there are clear indicators of a decline in students' interest in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry. In this context, analysing the continuity of students' interest in teaching subjects is raised as relevant. Previous research on students' perceptions of different school subjects did not specifically take into account the students' majors and their attitudes towards the subjects. This study aims to investigate the high school students' perceptions of their educational experience in primary school, comparing the responses of the students enrolled in science-intensive programs to those of other students. We researched a sample of 1045 students from four high schools in Kragujevac and Novi Sad. Using an online questionnaire, we examined the following: the overall students' achievement in primary school in terms of final grades, their favourite subject in primary school, and their perceptions of the difficulty, usefulness, and interest of the subjects in primary school. The results show that students enrolling in natural sciences and specialized programs in mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, and chemistry have better overall academic performance than other students. Moreover, they significantly prefer mathematics, computer science, and physics. Additionally, these students perceive mathematics, computer science, physics, and chemistry, but not biology, as considerably less difficult and rate them as more interesting and useful compared to other students.
Progressive Rollover Fault-Propagation Folding: A Possible Kinematic Mechanism to Generate Regional-Scale Recumbent Folds in Shallow Foreland Belts

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The occurrence of strongly overturned to recumbent anticlines in shallow foreland thrust-fold belts is not well explained by the available geometric models of thrust-related folding when a very large amount of forward shear cannot be assumed and, for growth anticlines, when the tectonic uplift rate is greater than the sedimentation rate. We have developed new geometries for fault-propagation folding (progressive rollover fault-propagation folding) that are suitable for overcoming these problems. In our configuration an outer, right-way-up sector and an overturned sector can grow simultaneously in the forelimb of the tip anticline. They are linked to a recumbent leading syncline. A semiquantitative computation of fracture strain during folding allowed us to define six homogeneously strained rock panels. The location of the most strained panels suggests that an anticlinal breakthrough or a synclinal breakthrough is likely to affect the structure later in its evolution. The outer morphology of the tip anticline in progressive rollover fault-propagation folding resembles a fault-bend fold. This model produces geometries suitable for hydrocarbon trapping.
Onchobdella voltensis Paperna 1968

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Onchobdella voltensis Paperna, 1968 Onchobdella voltensis Paperna, 1968: 201, fig. 1. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: BMNH 1968.9.4.5. Paratype: BMNH 1968.9.4.6. TYPE HOST. — Hemichromis fasciatus Peters, 1857. TYPE LOCALITY. — Afram sector, Volta Lake, Ghana. ADDITIONAL HOST. — Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill, 1862. SITE. — Gills. ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES. — Kete Krachi, Volta Lake and Adutor Lagoon Volta River Delta, Ghana on H. bimaculatus; Benin and Cameroon on Hemichromis fasciatus (Dossou & Birgi, 1984); Senegal, Gambia, Mali and Côte d’Ivoire on Hemichromis fasciatus (Pariselle & Euzet 2004).
Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Thaw Sperm Function in Red Wolves and Cheetahs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Artificial insemination (AI) is a valuable tool for ex situ wildlife conservation, allowing the re-infusion and dissemination of genetic material, even after death of the donor. However, the application of AI to species conservation is still limited, due mainly to the poor survival of cryopreserved sperm. Recent work demonstrated that oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) improved cat sperm motility and reduced premature acrosomal exocytosis. Here, we build on these findings by describing the protein content of dog and cat oEVs and investigating whether the incubation of cryopreserved red wolf and cheetah sperm with oEVs during thawing improves sperm function. Both red wolf and cheetah sperm thawed with dog and cat oEVs, respectively, had more intact acrosomes than the non-EV controls. Moreover, red wolf sperm thawed in the presence of dog oEVs better maintained sperm motility over time (>15%) though such an improvement was not observed in cheetah sperm. Our work demonstrates that dog and cat oEVs carry proteins important for sperm function and improve post-thaw motility and/or acrosome integrity of red wolf and cheetah sperm in vitro. The findings show how oEVs can be a valuable tool for improving the success of AI with cryopreserved sperm in threatened species.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Thrombospondin-3 augments injury-induced cardiomyopathy by intracellular integrin inhibition and sarcolemmal instability.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thrombospondins (Thbs) are a family of five secreted matricellular glycoproteins in vertebrates that broadly affect cell-matrix interaction.While Thbs4 is known to protect striated muscle from disease by enhancing sarcolemmal stability through increased integrin and dystroglycan attachment complexes, here we show that Thbs3 antithetically promotes sarcolemmal destabilization by reducing integrin function, augmenting disease-induced decompensation.Deletion of Thbs3 in mice enhances integrin membrane expression and membrane stability, protecting the heart from disease stimuli.Transgene-mediated overexpression of α7β1D integrin in the heart ameliorates the disease predisposing effects of Thbs3 by augmenting sarcolemmal stability.Mechanistically, we show that mutating Thbs3 to contain the conserved RGD integrin binding domain normally found in Thbs4 and Thbs5 now rescues the defective expression of integrins on the sarcolemma.Thus, Thbs proteins mediate the intracellular processing of integrin plasma membrane attachment complexes to regulate the dynamics of cellular remodeling and membrane stability.
Engaging students in large classes using Elluminate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advancement of online teaching environments during the past several years presents an exciting opportunity to extend existing teaching methodologies. The software package known as Elluminate is one example of a virtual classroom, facilitating the provision of real time interaction, collaboration and group meetings. This paper will examine the use of Elluminate in the teaching of large classes. The use of such technology for large classes is of particular interest, as large classes are often, unfairly, associated with a reputation for being impersonal as well as notions of conveyor belt learning. In this paper the potential to extend teaching and learning opportunities using Elluminate, in the context of large classes, will be explored. It will be shown that the use of technology such as Elluminate can assist in providing students with a more flexible means of accessing academic support, as well as allowing for a customised delivery of course content so as to focus learning outcomes.
Visual Outcomes, Quality of Vision, and Quality of Life of Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation after Myopic Laser In Situ Keratomileusis: A Prospective, Observational Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . To report visual performance and quality of life after implantation of a bifocal diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) in postmyopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients. Methods . Prospective, observational case series. Patients with prior myopic LASIK who had implantation of Tecnis ZMA00/ZMB00 MIOL (Abbott Medical Optics) at Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital were included. Postoperative examinations included monocular and binocular distance, intermediate and near visual acuity (VA), and contrast sensitivity; visual symptoms (0–5); satisfaction (1–5); spectacle independence rate; and quality of life. Results . Twenty-three patients (27 eyes) were included. No intraoperative complications developed. Mean monocular uncorrected VA at distance, intermediate, and near were0.13±0.15(standard deviation),0.22±0.15, and0.16±0.15, respectively. Corresponding mean values for binocular uncorrected VA were0.00±0.10,0.08±0.13, and0.13±0.10, respectively. No eyes lost >1 line of corrected distance VA. Contrast sensitivity at different spatial frequencies between operated and unoperated eyes did not differ significantly (allP>0.05). Mean score for halos, night glare, starbursts, and satisfaction were1.46±1.62,1.85±1.69,0.78±1.31, and3.50±1.02, respectively. Eighteen patients (78%) reported complete spectacle independence. Mean composite score of the quality-of-life questionnaire was90.31±8.50out of 100. Conclusions . Implantation of the MIOL after myopic LASIK was safe and achieved good visual performance.
AIDS in the UK: Contemporary History and the Study of Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AIDS in the UK: Contemporary History and the Study of Policy Get access VIRGINIA BERRIDGE, VIRGINIA BERRIDGE AIDS Social History Programme Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PHILIP STRONG PHILIP STRONG AIDS Social History Programme Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Twentieth Century British History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 150–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/2.2.150 Published: 01 January 1991
Effect of endothelial cells during embryonic stem cells differentiating to cardiomyocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells during embryonic stem( ES) cells differentiation. Methods: CGR8-GFP is a mouse ES cell line in which EGFP expression is under the control of cardiac muscle specific α-myosin heavy chain( MHC) promoter. With normal differentiation media,ES cells differentiate to cardiomyocytes by usinghanging dropmethod. During this process,we calculate the numbers of cardiomyocytes with addition of different numbers of exogenous endothelial cells or inhibition of endogenous endothelial cells and both of above conditions. Results:( 1)During embryonic stem cells differentiation,exogenous endothelial cells could stimulate and advance ES cellderived cardiogenesis.( 2) With inhibition of endogenous endothelial cells induced by an angiogenesis inhibitor-Endostatin,ES cell-derived cardiogenesis is dramatically retarded. The endostatin's effect is in dosedependent manner.( 3) Exogenous endothelial cells co-culturing with ES cells could partially rescue the retarded cardiogenesis caused by endostatin inducing inhibition of endogenous endothelial cells. Conclusion:( 1) These findings identify the endothelial cell as a critical component of the cardiogenesis niche,even during ES cells differentiation.( 2) Exogenous endothelial cells could stimulate and advance ES cell-derived cardiogenesis.
AUTHORSHIP IN AN ESSAY ON INDIAN COMMUNITY JURUNA: PERSPECTIVES AND EVIDENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article has, as its objective, discuss questions about copyright and authorship in an essay from a indigenous student. For that, first, we investigate the notion of author on classical vision of Foucault (2001) of Foucault (2001) and then observe how as such notions are present in school texts according to Orlandi (1987), Pfeiffer (1995), Possenti (2002) and Possenti (2016), as well as the requirements and conditions that the school offers to the student to become a competent writer. Then, we look for highlight, by Indicting Paradigm, on what makes a school text have indications of authorship to then investigate traces of authorship in the latest version of a text, in Portuguese as a second language, written by a student from juruna school in textual production workshop held in July 2013.
Interobserver variation in the diagnosis of fibroepithelial lesions of the breast: a multicentre audit by digital pathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim Fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) of the breast span a morphological continuum including lesions where distinction between cellular fibroadenoma (FA) and benign phyllodes tumour (PT) is difficult. The distinction is clinically important with FAs managed conservatively while equivocal lesions and PTs are managed with surgery. We sought to audit core biopsy diagnoses of equivocal FELs by digital pathology and to investigate whether digital point counting is useful in clarifying FEL diagnoses. Method Scanned slide images from cores and subsequent excisions of 69 equivocal FELs were examined in a multicentre audit by eight pathologists to determine the agreement and accuracy of core needle biopsy (CNB) diagnoses and by digital point counting of stromal cellularity and expansion to determine if classification could be improved. Results Interobserver variation was high on CNB with a unanimous diagnosis from all pathologists in only eight cases of FA, diagnoses of both FA and PT on the same CNB in 15 and a ‘weak’ mean kappa agreement between pathologists (k=0.36). ‘Moderate’ agreement was observed on CNBs among breast specialists (k=0.44) and on excision samples (k=0.49). Up to 23% of lesions confidently diagnosed as FA on CNB were PT on excision and up to 30% of lesions confidently diagnosed as PT on CNB were FA on excision. Digital point counting did not aid in the classification of FELs. Conclusion Accurate and reproducible diagnosis of equivocal FELs is difficult, particularly on CNB, resulting in poor interobserver agreement and suboptimal accuracy. Given the diagnostic difficulty, and surgical implications, equivocal FELs should be reported in consultation with experienced breast pathologists as a small number of benign FAs can be selected out from equivocal lesions.
Genetic variability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in wild populations of common bean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genetic structure of wild populations of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was evaluated for virulence and molecular markers. Forty‐five isolates were collected from five wild common bean populations located in their South‐Andean centre of origin. The five pathogen populations were monomorphic in their ITS regions, but 45 polymorphic markers were identified using RAPDs. Polymorphism for virulence was also observed; 15 pathotypes were characterized on an international set of 12 differentials. A molecular variance analysis ( AMOVA ) showed that a very large part of the total genetic variation was within populations. Statistical analysis showed that there was a weak though significant differentiation among the five populations for the RAPD and virulence markers. A positive and significant correlation was found between geographic distance and the distances from RAPD and virulence data, suggesting migration between adjacent populations along the Argentinian transect. Our results suggest that the Andean wild isolates of C. lindemuthianum do not reflect all the putative diversity found in the isolates from cultivated common bean.
Genetic diversity does not affect the invasiveness of fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) in Arizona, California and Hawaii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pennisetum setaceum (Poaceae) is a perennial bunch grass that invaded the United States during the 20th century and is highly invasive in Hawaii, moderately invasive in Arizona, and not yet invasive in southern California. Pennisetum setaceum is apomictic, a condition that is normally associated with low genetic variation within populations, but even moderate levels of genetic variation among populations could account for differences in invasiveness. To determine whether genetic factors are causing the variable invasion success, we used Inter‐Simple Sequence Repeat markers (ISSRs) to examine genetic variation in populations from the three areas. Screening of 16 primers revealed no genetic variation within any population or between any geographical areas, a pattern consistent with complete apomixis. Variation in invasion success appears unrelated to genetic differences among populations. Differences in the seasonal timing of rainfall among the regions may be the cause of variable invasiveness of fountain grass. Alternatively, differences in timing of introduction or duration of lag phase may have limited invasiveness in Arizona and southern California.
High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the elderly.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In summary, we have shown that there is a high prevalence of Cbl deficiency in the elderly. This observation is based on an increase in the number of low and low normal serum Cbl levels, an increase in elevated serum total homocysteine levels that correct with Cbl therapy, and an increase in elevated serum methylmalonic acid levels that also correct with Cbl therapy. These observations may be of great clinical importance since Cbl deficiency may be a common and treatable cause of vascular disease.
A Suppression Scheme of the ICI Caused by Frequency Offset Using the General Correlative Coding in OFDM Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The carrier frequency offset (CFO) destroys the orthogonality among subcarriers in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems and creates the intercarrier interference (ICI), which results in performance degradation. In this paper, the general correlative coding (GCC) is used to reduce the effect of the ICI caused by the CFO. The expression of the ICI power with GCC is derived and the optimum coefficients of the GCC are obtained based on the minimization of the ICI power. The maximum reduction rate in the ICI power is obtained with respect to the GCC coefficients length from the lower bound of the minimum ICI power and it is shown that the ICI power decreases as the GCC coefficients length increases, leading to CIR improvement. The simulation results show that the general correlative coded OFDM (GCC-OFDM) systems obviously reduces the ICI power without decreasing the bandwidth efficiency
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma–associated IL‐33 rewires macrophage polarization towards M2 via activating ornithine decarboxylase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The tumour microenvironment primarily constitutes macrophages in the form of an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, which promotes tumour growth. Thus, the development of methodologies to rewire M2‐like tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) into the M1 phenotype, which inhibits tumour growth, might be a critical advancement in cancer immunotherapy research. Methods The expressions of IL‐33 and indicators related to macrophage polarization in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)–derived macrophages were determined. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) with small interfering RNA was used to analyse the phenotype of macrophage polarization and polyamine secretory signals. CCK‐8, wound‐healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation and migration of ECA109 cells in vitro. The tumour xenograft assay in nude mice was used to examine the role of IL‐33 in ESCC development in vivo. Results This study showed the substantially elevated IL‐33 expression in ESCC tissues compared with the normal tissues. Additionally, enhanced infiltration of M2‐like macrophages into the ESCC tumour tissue was also observed. We observed a strong correlation between the IL‐33 levels and the infiltration of M2‐like macrophages in ESCC tumours locally. Mechanistically, IL‐33 induces M2‐like macrophage polarization by activating ODC, a key enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of polyamines. Inhibition of ODC suppressed M2‐like macrophage polarization. Finally, in vivo, we confirmed that IL‐33 promotes tumour progression. Conclusions This study revealed an oncogenic role of IL‐33 by actively inducing M2‐like macrophage differentiation; thus, contributing to the formation of an immunosuppressive ESCC tumour microenvironment. Thus, IL‐33 could act as a novel target for cancer immunotherapies.