jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Beneficial Management Practices: A Synthesis of Co-benefits, Tradeoffs, and Co-costs between Crop Yield and Non-provisioning Ecosystem Services

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although agricultural “best (or beneficial) management practices” (BMPs) first emerged to mitigate agro-environmental resource challenges, they may also enhance ‘non-provisioning’ ecosystem services. The enthusiasm for adopting BMPs partially depends on evidence that doing so will lead to agro-environmental benefits while not substantially reducing crop productivity or farmer income. We survey and synthesize evidence in the existing literature to document the joint effects on agricultural crop yield and 12 ecosystem service (ES) associated with implementation of 5 agricultural BMPs (crop rotations, cover crops, nutrient management, perennial vegetated buffers, reduced or no tillage). We also analyze the prevalence of co-benefits (‘win-win’), tradeoffs, and co-costs (‘lose-lose’) outcomes. On the basis of a set of contextual variables we then develop empirical models that predict the likelihood of co-benefits relative to tradeoffs, and co-costs. We found thirty-six studies investigating 141 combinations of crop yields and non-provisioning ES outcomes (YESs) in the relevant literatures covering the period 1983-2016. The scope of the review is global, but included studies are geographically concentrated in the U.S. Corn Belt (Midwestern United States). In the literature sample, reporting of co-benefits (26%) was much more prevalent than reporting of co-costs (4%) between yields and ES. Tradeoffs most often resulted in a reduction in crop yields and an increase in ES (28%); this was marginally greater than studies reporting a neutral influence on crop yields and an increase in ES (26%). Other Y/ES combinations were uncommon. Mixed-effects models indicated reduced tillage and crop rotations had generally positive associations with YESs. Temporal scale was an informative predictor suggesting studies with longer time scales resulted in greater positive outcomes on YESs, on average. Our results are a step towards identifying those contexts where co-benefits or partial improvement outcomes of BMPs are more likely to be realized, as well as the impact of particular practices on specific ES.
Design Solution Optimization with Ant Colony Optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Early in product design, existing automated concept generators use existing knowledge and the desired function to suggest solutions. These methods produce many candidate solutions, but often provide unmanageably large sets of solutions. so techniques are needed to organize the set of solutions into smaller groups. This paper presents an automated concept optimization method. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is used to optimize the generated conceptual candidate solutions automatically. a software prototype is developed and a case study of transmission mechanism of loading platform is detailed.
Radio-sensitivity of cowpea to ultra-violet radiation by pollen treatment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The technique of pollen irradiation for mutation induction technique has been successfully demonstrated in many crop species. Therefore, the mutagenic effects of UV irradiated pollen on cowpea accessions were investigated. Pollen grains of eight cowpea accessions were irradiated with 30,000µWs/cm2 UV for 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes. Emasculated flowers of each accession were self-pollinated with irradiated pollen to evaluate the effects of pollen mutagenesis on seed setting in the M1 generation. Harvested seeds from M1 plants were advanced to M2 to evaluate the effects of UV radiation on seed germination, plant survival and for mutant selection in the M3 generation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Pollen irradiation with UV for a short period (60 min) increased seed setting in all the cowpea accessions at M1 except IB-Y-1 where it reduced seed setting by 28.6%. Observed LD50 of UV rays among the cowpea lines ranged from 142.6 to 210.1 minutes. No significant difference was observed in seed germination for all treatments at M2 except irradiation for 120 minutes in IT90K-284-2. A trend similar to seed germination was observed in seedling survival at M2. The three-primary leaf and four-primary leaf mutants selected at M3 generation reverted back to two-primary leaf seedlings at M4. Low mutation frequencies recorded in this study shows that cowpea is considered less amenable to the application of UV irradiation as a practical breeding method. Key words: Cowpea mutagenesis, pollen irradiation, ultra-violet induced mutant, seed germination, seed setting.
Network versus portfolio structure in financial systems

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The question of how to stabilize financial systems has attracted considerable attention since the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Recently, Beale et al. ("Individual versus systemic risk and the regulator's dilemma", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 12647-12652, 2011) demonstrated that higher portfolio diversity among banks would reduce systemic risk by decreasing the risk of simultaneous defaults at the expense of a higher likelihood of individual defaults. In practice, however, a bank default has an externality in that it undermines other banks' balance sheets. This paper explores how each of these different sources of risk, simultaneity risk and externality, contributes to systemic risk. The results show that the allocation of external assets that minimizes systemic risk varies with the topology of the financial network as long as asset returns have negative correlations. In the model, a well-known centrality measure, PageRank, reflects an appropriately defined "infectiveness" of a bank. An important result is that the most infective bank need not always be the safest bank. Under certain circumstances, the most infective node should act as a firewall to prevent large-scale collective defaults. The introduction of a counteractive portfolio structure will significantly reduce systemic risk.
Powerful N‐Monoalkylation of Linear Tetraamines via Bisaminal Intermediates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The bisaminals obtained through the condensation of two linear tetraamines with glyoxal or pyruvic aldehyde were selectively alkylated with bromo‐ or α,ψ‐dibromoalkanes in good yields at one of the secondary amino functions to give rise to N ‐monoalkylated tetraamines or linear octaamines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Patterns and correlates of polysubstance use among individuals with severe alcohol use disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Individuals who are affected by alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at increased risk for other drug use disorders (Hasin et al., 2007), and each additional criterion met for AUD further heightens the likelihood of using multiple substances (Hedden et al., 2010). Previously identified predictors of illicit substance use and dependence among individuals affected by AUD include male gender, younger age, earlier drug and alcohol use onset, maternal alcohol problems, higher levels of neuroticism, primary depression and major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, deviant behavior, and conduct disorder (Hedden et al., 2010; Sintov et al., 2009). However, person-centered analyses of polysubstance use among individuals with AUD have been limited to binary indicators of illicit drug use (Hedden et al., 2010), and the patterns and correlates of polysubstance use among individuals with severe AUD (defined as meeting 6+ criteria; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) have not been systematically examined. In the proposed study, we aim to: 1) Characterize patterns of lifetime substance use and frequency of use for cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives, opioids/narcotics, and hallucinogens among individuals diagnosed with severe AUD 2) Test whether previously identified predictors of alcohol problems and/or polysubstance use, including gender, race/ethnicity, family history of alcohol problems, sensitivity to the effects of alcohol, age of onset for alcohol problems, neuroticism, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and antisocial behavior, also contribute to patterns of polysubstance use among individuals with severe AUD
Quantifying the impact of unscheduled line outages on Locational Marginal Prices

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a systematic approach for quantifying the impact of unscheduled line outages on real-time Locational Marginal Price (LMP). The probabilistic LMP is formulated with consideration of generation, load, and topology uncertainties. A computationally efficient 2n + 1 point estimation method is adopted to calculate statistical moments of LMP due to unscheduled transmission line outages. The proposed approach is demonstrated in a modified PJM five-bus system. Result of such study is beneficial for power market participants in developing a more comprehensive bidding strategy.
Effect of parameter changes on the performance of shaded-pole motors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using a method of analysis previously published by the authors, computed results are presented of changes of some of the performance characteristics of a shaded-pole motor due to varying its major design features, namely, the number of main-winding turns, the total-pole arc, the shaded-pole arc, the shading-ring conductance, and the resistance and skew of the rotor cage. Such results enable the choice of a preliminary design which is not far removed from the optimum design, and therefore allow the latter to be obtained with a minimum of trial computation.
Determining the Clustering Centers by Slope Difference Distribution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Clustering is fundamental in image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, and data analysis. For robust clustering, the prerequisite condition is determining the clustering centers robustly. In this paper, we propose to determine the clustering centers from the slope difference distribution of the data. The proposed method comprises two parts: 1) computation of the slope difference distribution from the original data distribution and 2) selection of the peaks of the slope distribution as the clustering centers. We tested the proposed method with two different types of synthesized data sets: 1) data with Gaussian noise and 2) data with salt and pepper noise. Experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods: K-means method, expectation maximization method, and fuzzy C-means method. The significance of determining the clustering centers robustly is also verified by a demonstration.
Biotherapy for Colon Cancer: Promise or Progress?

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

In the United States, more than 149,000 new cases of colorectal cancer are expected in 1994. Surgery remains the most effective method of treatment for this disease. Because these operations often result in formation of an ostomy, ET nurses frequently care for patients with colorectal cancer. Many of these patients will receive additional types of therapy after operation, including such traditional therapies as radiation and chemotherapy. Biotherapy, one of the newest therapeutic modalities in cancer care, is increasingly being used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Because the ET nurse may be one of the few nurses caring for patients throughout the course of their disease, knowledge of the various biotherapeutic agents and the management of patients receiving them is vital.
Carole Rawcliffe , ed. The Norwich Chamberlains’ Accounts, 1539–40 to 1544–45. Norfolk Record Society 83. Norwich: Norfolk Record Society, 2019. Pp. 452. £25.00 (cloth).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Focal macular electroretinography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the last two decades, many attempts have been made to record electroretinograms (ERG) of human macula by several investigators. However, previous ERG responses were not informative enough, because each ERG component could not be evaluated independently. However, we have developed a new system for recording focal macular ERG where we can evaluate all ERG components. This paper reviews what we have found using our system in terms of the macular physiology and pathogenesis in human eyes.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS Picosecond time-resolved and steady-state studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

From a measurement of the time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence anisotropies of C60 and C70 in low-temperature organic glasses, it is concluded that the fluorescence of C60 is intrinsically unpolarized, and that the emission transition moment of C70 is located in the molecular xy plane. Also for C70, but at higher energies, some transitions occur mainly along the z molecular axis. 1.
Designing for Interactive Loving and Kindness Meditation on Mobile

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite an increased interest in loving-kindness meditation (LKM) as a practice to cultivate compassion, there has been limited research in digital approaches that go beyond traditional digital audio-based guides. Our research explores the use of an interactive guided loving-kindness meditation focused on providing external visualizations. This paper describes a pilot study that sought to understand the potential for such an interactive design approach. Participants engaged with a mobile app over a week and completed both quantitative and qualitative measures. Our findings suggest that an interactive approach that uses external guided visualizations inline with traditional LKM scripts, can cultivate compassion. Yet our findings suggest the use of externalized visualizations may deter from a focus on physiological sensations accompanying internal visualizations. In addition, a mobile approach may present new opportunities to provide situated forms of extending ones contemplative practice into everyday life through reminders and notifications.
Improvement in RSA Cryptosystem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Boneh and Shacham gave a nice survey on four variants (Batch RSA, MultiPrime RSA, MultiPower RSA, Rebalanced RSA). Rebalanced RSA and MultiPower RSA were then combined to increase the decryption/signature generation performance. This combination theoretically improves the decryption/signature generation time about 14 times than RSA with CRT and about 56 times than the standard RSA with key size 2048bits. On the encryption side, it increased the encryption time, thus making encryption/signature verification very costly. Here in this paper we further tried to increase the encryption/signature verification performance. The proposed scheme is semantically secure also.
Institutions, entrepreneurship, economic flexibility and growth - experiments on an evolutionary micro-to-macro model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The capacity of an economic system to grow through competitive entry and flexible adjustment is investigated on a firm based evolutionary simulation model of the Swedish economy. Entry, speed of exit and of labor market reallocation define flexibility. Entry is determined by observed profit opportunities in markets and growth, among other things, through dynamic competition by way of entry. Both entry and growth ultimately depend on the existence of property rights institutions that reduce the uncertainty surrounding private access at any time to the expected present value of future profits from investment commitments today. We find that in a predictable market regime (stable, relative foreign prices) long run growth benefits from slow market adjustments. Fast reallocation creates price instability, erroneous expectations and (easily) cost overshooting. Rapid new entry, however, is always growth promoting in the long run. The positive scenario for slow market adjustment is completely reversed under an unstable (unpredictable) external market regime, when flexibility in the production system is needed to reallocate resources smoothly and without cost escalation. Different methods of econometrically representing and estimating the magnitudes involved in non-linear evolutionary models are presented.
Towards A Deconstructive Text: Beyond Language And The Politics Of Absences In Samuel Beckett'S Waiting For Godot

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The writing of Samuel Beckett is associated with meaning in the meaninglessness and the production of what he calls ‘literature of unword’. The casual escape from the world of words in the form of silences and pauses, in his play Waiting for Godot, urges to ask question of their existence and ultimately leads to investigate the theory behind their use in the play. This paper proposes that these absences (silence and pause) in Beckett’s play force to think ‘beyond’ language. This paper asks how silence and pause in Beckett’s text speak for the emergence of poststructuralist text. It aims to identify the significant features of the philosophy of deconstruction in the play of Beckett to demystify the hostile complicity between literature and philosophy. With the interpretive paradigm of poststructuralism this research focuses on the text as a research data. It attempts to delineate the relationship between poststructuralist theoretical concerns and text of Beckett. Keeping in view the theoretical concerns of Poststructuralist theorist Jacques Derrida, the main concern of the discussion is directed towards the notion of ‘beyond’ language into the absences that are aimed at silencing the existing discourse with the ‘radical irony’ of this anti-formal art that contains its own denial and thus represents the idea of ceaseless questioning and radical contradiction in art and any text. This article asks how text of Beckett vibrates with loud silence and has disrupted language to demonstrate the emptiness of words and thus exploring the limitless void of absences. Beckett’s text resonates with silence and pause that is neither negation nor affirmation rather a poststructuralist’s suspension of reality that is ever changing with the undecidablity of all meanings. Within the theoretical notion of Derrida’s Différance this study interprets silence and pause in Beckett’s art. The silence and pause behave like Derrida’s Différance and have questioned their own existence in the text to deconstruct any definiteness and finality of reality to extend an undecidable threshold of poststructuralists that aims to evade the ‘labyrinth of language’.
Naturally Occurring Cholelithiasis in a Rhesus Monkey and Its Effects on Plasma and Biliary Lipid Concentrations

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Naturally occurring cholelithiasis was observed in an otherwise normal female rhesus monkey. Samples of peripheral blood and gallbladder bile were obtained before, during, and after pregnancy to determine cholesterol, phospholipids, and total lipids; biliary bile salt concentrations were estimated. According to the analyses, biliary cholesterol concentration was more than twice the normal value, without evidence of increased plasma cholesterol concentration. Biliary phospholipids and bile salts, as well as plasma phospholipids, generally were at concentrations observed in normal rhesus monkeys. Apparently, the unusually high biliary cholesterol content alone, unaccompanied by any significant decrease in biliary phospholipids or bile salts, was responsible for the precipitation. The cause of the increased miliary cholesterol was not determined.
Preoperative C-section Associated Anxiety in Mothers Going for the Caesarian Section in a Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: A common response to stress is anxiety which present in patient undergoing c -section surgery as compared to general surgical population. the primary aim of this study was to investigate pre-operative anxiety in patient who were undergoing for C-section surgery at tertiary care hospital in Peshawar PakistanObjective: The study's main goal was to look into pre-operative anxiety in patients having C-section surgeries in a tertiary care facility in Peshawar, Pakistan.Methodology: An institutional base cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 with total of 100 patients who undergoing for C-section surgery were included and STAI Was the study tool use for assess pre –operative anxiety in patient who were undergoing for C-section surgery.Results: The overall pre-operative anxiety rate was respectively (13,9,78%) mild, moderate, and sever. but the study's findings indicated that patients undergoing for C section surgery had a high anxiety rate of (78%), Additionally, the looked at the significant relationships between anxiety age, and gravida, as well as between STATE and TRAIT anxiety. According to the results of the chi-square test, there was a positive relationship between anxiety TRAIT and gravidaConclusion: Study discovered that the participant average anxiety levels were measured at 78%. The high rate of pre-operative anxiety shown in this study emphasizes how important it is for healthcare professional to identify and treat this problem in order to improve the overall surgical experience and patient outcome.
Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine to Treat Oral Cancer in a Labrador Retriever

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 5-year-old male Labrador retriever was presented for traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) evaluation and treatment after a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the right rostral mandible. The large tumor (5x4x1 cm) displaced the right mandibular canine tooth, lower incisors and extended ventrally under the tongue. A guarded prognosis had been given by an oncologist with an estimate of 3-6 months survival with palliative care. With the dog’s quality of life the most important consideration, the owner elected to try an integrative medicine approach combining piroxicam, tramadol and TCVM. The TCVM treatment strategies focused on tonifying Spleen Qi, and moving Qi and Blood. Chinese herbal therapy and food therapy were instituted as the central components of the treatment plan. A specifically-designed home-cooked diet was started to tonify Qi, resolve Stagnation and transform Phlegm. Emphasis was placed on food therapy as good nutrition has been shown to increase survival times in humans and animals with cancer. Over a 4-6 month treatment period, clinical signs steadily improved with resolution of the visible oral mass and the pain associated with it. The dog maintained an excellent quality of life for 56 months after the initial diagnosis. This case highlights an excellent clinical outcome for a dog with poor prognosis for long-term survival through an integrative approach using TCVM therapies.
The Role of School Accreditation in Improving the Quality of Graduates

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to describe the role of school accreditation in improving the quality of graduates and inhibiting factors in retaining the quality of graduates. The study used a Literature Review approach by comparing school accreditation data from the accreditation documents of several schools. Based on the results of a literature study from journal articles describing the role of school accreditation in improving the quality component of graduates in the excellent category, the constraint factor is the lack of student filtration, numeracy skills, and teacher competence. Based on the results of the literature review, the author concludes that the role of accreditation in improving the quality of graduates has a vital role in improving the quality of graduates.