jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cosplaying the media mix: Examining Japan's media environment, its static forms, and its influence on cosplay

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cosplay—costume role-play—has dramatically increased in popularity over the past 20 years in conjunction with the cultural institution of anime, comic book, manga, science fiction, and other related fandom conventions. Cosplay was prominently established in Japan before gaining attention in North America. In this article I analyze the significance of those Japanese origins in relation to the experience of a unique media environment. The aesthetics and practices of cosplay in Japan are fundamentally informed by a specific ontological characteristic of Japanese anime, manga, and ancillary forms: the static image. Of essential importance to these consumption practices—both materially and conceptually—is the phenomenon of the anime database: an archive of static images that is continually accessed for the purposes of understanding, consuming, and creating new media. Through a detailed discussion of Hiroki Azuma's conception of the moe database, Thomas Lamarre's discussion of the cel bank as a material requisite of the database, and Marc Steinberg's assessment of the media mix, I extend the phenomenological affects of this media environment and its static images to the act of cosplay posing—an act that aspires to create a mimetic and collective connection between cosplayers and particular media images. This exploratory platform will permit me to develop specific conceptions of Japan's complex media environment and its transformations of material forms into ephemeral consumption practices.
Assessing the Delivery of the Thinking for a Change Program in Modified Formats: An Experimental Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper evaluates whether participation in the Thinking for a Change cognitive behavioral program produces improvement in social problemsolving skills in a prison context. Data are derived from a randomized experiment, with a focus on whether improvement in social problemsolving skills varies across modified delivery formats, and whether improvements are attributable to program completion or program dosage. We find that there are significant improvements in social problem solving between the pre- and post-test, and that delivery of the curriculum using video conferencing technology or inmate co-facilitated formats produces equivalent outcomes relative to traditional classroom administration. On average, significant improvements accrue to participants who receive greater program dosage. However, program completion, commonly viewed as a primary marker of satisfactory program performance, is not associated with improvement in social problem solving. Implications of the findings for rehabilitation programming are discussed, including considerations in a pandemic context.
Comparison of wire and plastic belts on microbial attachment and biofilm formation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Food processing equipment is subject to attachment of bacteria, which can lead to product contamination, spoilage, and surface destruction. Prevention of bacterial contamination during processing of poultry products is a major concern for food processors. During processing of poultry products, bacteria from the carcass can attach to wet surfaces which can lead to biofilm formation providing a source for cross contamination for subsequent carcasses. The purpose of this study was to determine susceptibility to bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with and without poultry products of different conveyor belts including polyurethane with mono polyester fabric, acetal (3.2 % open mesh), polypropylene- mesh top (24% open mesh), polypropylene (48% open mesh), stainless steel – single loop (80% open mesh) and stainless steel – balance weave (70% open mesh). To perform the sanitizer efficacy against attached bacteria on different conveyor belts test chips were prepared. Test chips were made in duplicate and inoculated with raw chicken. One test chip was removed to check aerobic plate count and coliform count while other test chip was exposed to quaternary ammonia (200 ppm). Except polyurethane with mono polyester fabric others belts showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) after exposed to sanitizer. Surfaces were inoculated with Salmonella / Listeria monocytogenes cocktail (without any poultry product) in BPW to achieve final inoculum level of 5 log CFU/ml. Test surfaces were analyzed by sponge and swab method at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hr. Initial attachment (0 hr) of Salmonella / Listeria monocytogenes did not show any significant (P < 0.05) change in all belt types; however, polyurethane with mono polyester fabric belts showed a significant attachment over time. Attachment of bacteria with poultry products was determined with test chips. Poultry products were inoculated with Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes culture for one hour and rinsed with PBS. Test chips were immersed in this solution and evaluated for 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr, through vortexing with glass beads. At 1 and 48 hr, attachment of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes was lowest in the stainless steel single loop, and stainless steel –balance weave. Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to form a biolfim was determined. Initial biofilm formation was very low on the stainless steel belts but by day 4 all belts had all belts showed significant biofilm formation. An increased understanding of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with respect different design of conveyor belts will assist in the development of interventions to counter act these processes and thereby, enhance plant sanitation and pathogen control.
Perceived control over diabetes prevention in a Manitoba First Nation community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Previous research has demonstrated that those who perceive they have high perceptions of control generally have better health outcomes, including diabetes. The purpose of this research was to gain a better understanding of factors associated with perceived control in a Manitoba First Nations community. Data were collected using questionnaires in a community-based participatory research study between June 2011 and February 2012. Logistic regression was utilized to determine factors associated with perceived control over diabetes prevention and the prevention of diabetic complications. Many participants reported they had little or no control over the prevention of diabetes (47.8%) or diabetes complications (42.0%). Factors associated with high perceived control over diabetes prevention included having dyslipidemia, reporting hearing gossip about yourself and experiencing racism. Factors associated with high perceived controllability of preventing complications included having ≥ grade ten education, having dyslipidemia, reporting high chronic stress, and high perceived negative impact from residential school.
15‐Deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin J2 (15d‐PGJ2) protects neurons from oxidative death via an Nrf2 astrocyte‐specific mechanism independent of PPARγ

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Astrocytes are critical for the antioxidant support of neurons. Recently, we demonstrated that low level hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) facilitates astrocyte‐dependent neuroprotection independent of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, leaving the identity of the endogenous astrocytic Nrf2 activator to question. In this study, we show that an endogenous electrophile, 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin J2 (15d‐ PGJ 2), non‐cell autonomously protects neurons from death induced by depletion of the major antioxidant glutathione. Nrf2 knockdown in astrocytes abrogated 15d‐ PGJ 2's neuroprotective effect as well as 15d‐ PGJ 2 facilitated Nrf2‐target gene induction. In contrast, knockdown of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated‐receptor gamma ( PPAR γ), a well‐characterized 15d‐ PGJ 2 target, did not alter 15d‐ PGJ 2 non‐cell autonomous neuroprotection. In addition, several PPAR γ agonists of the thiazolidinedione ( TZD ) family failed to induce neuroprotection. Unexpectedly, however, the TZD troglitazone (which contains a chromanol moiety found on vitamin E) induced astrocyte‐mediated neuroprotection, an effect which was mimicked by the vitamin E analogs alpha‐tocopherol or alpha‐tocotrienol. Our findings lead to two important conclusions: (i) 15d‐ PGJ 2 induces astrocyte‐mediated neuroprotection via an Nrf2 but not PPAR γ mediated pathway, suggesting that 15d‐ PGJ 2 is a candidate endogenous modulator of Nrf2 protective pathways in astrocytes; (ii) selective astrocyte treatment with analogs or compounds containing the chromanol moiety of vitamin E facilitates non‐cell autonomous neuroprotection.
Occurrence of alien invasive plant species in vegetation syntaxa of Ukraine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Встановлена присутність 40 чужинних інвазійних видів рослин у фітоценозах 21 класу рослинності України, а також синтаксономічна приуроченість інвазійних видів до окремих союзів рослинності.Наведені види-трансформери природних і напівприродних рослинних угруповань
Early Operation for Ruptured Vertebrobasilar Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgery for ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysms in the acute stage of SAH, when brains are more swollen, is considered to be difficult, since such aneurysms are deep-seated and surrounded by many important perforators, cranial nerves and vital structure. Therefore, delayed surgery is common for these aneurysms.During the past 5 years, 11 cases with ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysms have been subjected to delayed operation. The outcome was unfavorable because of a high rate of rebleeding (18%), vasospasm (36%) and hydrocephalus (64%). Recently we performed early operation on three patients (BA-SCA, BA bifurcation, VA-PICA), and the outcome was favorable.Pre-, intra-, and post-operative management of vertebrobasilar aneurysms subjected to early operation is as follows:A. Preoperative management 1. sedation and control of blood pressure: intravenous administration of pentazocine, oral administration of nifedipine 2. non-invasive examination digital subtraction angiography using non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium B. Intraoperative management1. marking“umbrella”shaped incision line on scalp 2. minimal brain retraction 1) mannitol 2) wide opening of Sylvian fissure 3) gradual removal of CSF opening of basal cisterns opening of the lamina terminalis ventricular drainage 3. removal of subarachnoid clots C. Postoperative management 1. cisternal drainage for two weeks 2. hypervolemic, hypertensive therapy for ischemic neurological deficits from vasospasm In conclusion, early operation can be carried out without many problems for ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysms.
Stock‐market forecasts by Singapore newspapers before and after the 1997 Asian financial crisis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study sought to gauge the accuracy and usefulness of financial reporting in Singapore in the run‐up to, and the aftermath of, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. It examined stock‐market predictions in the weekly commentaries of three Singapore newspapers over a three‐year timeframe. The study found that the print media failed to predict the crisis. Whilst the predictions tended to be unreliable in general, downward predictions were found to be more reliable then upwards ones. For trend predictions, most of the sources quoted in the newspapers were generally inaccurate. Long‐term predictions had a low accuracy rate, whilst specific predictions came out as more reliable. Between the individual papers, differences between accuracy of predictions was mostly insignificant.
P28.01: Three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound volumetry in normal pregnancies and missed abortion in first trimester

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To measure gestational sac volume (GSV) and yolk sac volume (YSV) in in normal pregnancies and to evaluate the relative prognostic value of ultrasound findings during the first-trimester scan in missed abortion in the first trimester using a 3D ultrasound technique. A total of 396 asymptomatic pregnant women with a singleton conceptus between March 2004 and July 2006 were enrolled in the study and underwent a transvaginal 3D sonographic examination. The following data were collected: gestational sac volume, yolk sac volume and the ratio of YSV/GSV, and the normogram were constructed. Gestational sac volumetry and yolk sac volumetry was carried out with automatic method and manual method of the VOCAL program by 3D ultrasound (Medison, Korea, Seoul). We compared the data between normal pregnancy and missed abortion groups. The results were compared by ANOVA, multiple comparison, correlation analysis. Our study showed logarithmic correlation between YSV and GA, power correlation between GSV and GA. The ratio of YSV/GSV showed logarithmic correlation with GA. The slope of missed abortion showed positive correlation, but one of normal pregnancy was negative. The measure of gestational sac volume and yolk sac volume by 3D ultrasound is easy and a more predictable method than conventional 2D ultrasound in the office. The single ratio of YSV/GSV showed the possibility that it may have a value as a predictor of adverse outcome and in particular, serial changes of the ratio of YSV/GSV in early pregnancy that may be a sensitive indicator of adverse outcome.
Measurement errors in multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers with and without impedance electrode mismatch.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to compare measurement errors in two commercially available multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzers, a Xitron 4000B and an ImpediMed SFB7, including electrode impedance mismatch.\nThe comparison was made using resistive electrical models and in ten human volunteers. We used three different electrical models simulating three different\nbody segments: the right-side, leg and thorax. In the electrical models, we tested the effect of the capacitive coupling of the patient to ground and the skin–electrode impedance mismatch. Results showed that both sets of equipment are optimized for right-side measurements and for moderate skin–electrode impedance mismatch. In right-side measurements with mismatch electrode, 4000B is more accurate than SFB7. When an electrode impedance mismatch was simulated, errors increased in both bioimpedance analyzers and the effect\nof the mismatch in the voltage detection leads was greater than that in current\ninjection leads. For segments with lower impedance as the leg and thorax, SFB7 ismore accurate than 4000B and also shows less dependence on electrode mismatch. In both devices, impedance measurements were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by the capacitive coupling to ground.
RESEARCH Heterogeneous responses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleIgE to a number of peanut allergens. Up till now, thirteen peanut allergens, designated Ara h 1–13, are recognized by the WHO/IUS allergen nomenclature subcommittee [1]. Literature suggests that the major allergens in peanut are Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6, as defined by frequent and prom-inent IgE binding from patient sera [2-4]. Ara h 1 is a member of the 7/8 S globulin (vicilin) family of seed nins) belonging to the prolamin superfamily and are 59% homologous to each other. Importantly, the C terminus of Ara h 2 has some homology with other peanut proteins, specifically with Ara h 6 [5]. Ara h 3 is a 11S globulin (legumins/glycinins) that belongs to the cupin superfamily [2,6]. Importantly, mono-sensitization to a single peanut al-lergen is rare. Moreover, as extensively reviewed in [7,8], cross reactivity between peanut proteins and tree nut proteins and other allergens are common, even among different protein families. However, clinical studies on
Physics of collisionless reconnection in a stressed X-point collapse

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, magnetic reconnection during collisionless, stressed, X-point collapse was studied using kinetic, 2.5-dimensional, fully electromagnetic, relativistic particle-in-cell numerical code [D. Tsiklauri and T. Haruki, Phys. Plasmas 14, 112905 (2007)]. Here we finalize the investigation of this topic by addressing key outstanding physical questions: (i) Which term in the generalized Ohm’s law is responsible for the generation of the reconnection electric field? (ii) How does the time evolution of the reconnected flux vary with the ion-electron mass ratio? (iii) What is the exact energy budget of the reconnection process; i.e., in which proportion initial (mostly magnetic) energy is converted into other forms of energy? (iv) Are there any anisotropies in the velocity distribution of the accelerated particles? The following points have been established. (i) A reconnection electric field is generated by the electron pressure tensor off-diagonal terms, resembling to the case of tearing unstable Harris current sheet studied by the GEM reconnection challenge. (ii) For mi∕me⪢1, the time evolution of the reconnected flux is independent of ion-electron mass ratio. In addition, in the case of mi∕me=1, we show that reconnection proceeds slowly as the Hall term is zero; when mi∕me⪢1 (i.e., the Hall term is nonzero) reconnection is fast and we conjecture that this is due to magnetic field being frozen into electron fluid, which moves significantly faster than ion fluid. (iii) Within one Alfvén time, somewhat less than half (∼40%) of the initial total (roughly magnetic) energy is converted into the kinetic energy of electrons, and somewhat more than half (∼60%) into kinetic energy of ions (similar to solar flare observations). (iv) In the strongly stressed X-point case, in about one Alfvén time, a full isotropy in all three spatial directions of the velocity distribution is seen for superthermal electrons (also commensurate with solar flare observations).
Yield Losses Associated with Different Levels of Stripe Rust Resistance of Commercial Wheat Cultivars in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wheat stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases to affect wheat. Although the major resistant wheat varieties have made a great contribution to global food security, yield losses from stripe rust still occur in large wheat growing areas when climatic conditions are unstable. Despite this threat, resistance levels and yield losses of these elite wheat cultivars under wheat stripe rust infection have not been well studied. Based on this investigation of natural infection conditions over 2 years, analysis of the area-under-the-disease-progress-curves differentiated the susceptible cultivars Mianmai 367 (MM367; 788.59), Jinmai 47 (JM47; 1,087.71), and Avocet Susceptible (AvS; 1,314.59) from resistant cultivars Xikemai 18 (XKM18; 177.50) and Xiaoyan 6 (XY6; 545.67). Stripe rust resulted in a 2-year mean yield loss of 32% for all tested varieties. The susceptible varieties JM47, AvS, and MM367 lost 64, 55, and 21% of grain yield, respectively. On the contrary, rust-resistant cultivars XKM18 and XY6 lost only 11 and 28%, respectively. In addition, stripe rust resulted in reduced kernel hardness, flour yield, and flour whiteness. Dough and gluten properties were also affected. Overall, results revealed that the grain yield and quality loss values of the resistant wheat cultivars were less than in the susceptible cultivars. Disease-resistant cultivars such as XKM18 should be promoted and recommended for application. It may also be suggested that growing a susceptible variety such as MM367 could be feasible in combination with fungicide application under high disease pressure.
[Cause-effect comparisons of the occurrence and development of pain syndromes of spinal origin].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on the analysis of the published literature, the time-related unfolding of clinical manifestations of the onset and course of pain vertebrogenic syndromes, using morphofunctional, thus, anatomo-topical principles of development and spread of the pathology, the authors have substantiated causes of its origination as well as their own conceptions regarding mechanisms of formation. The secured results permit using pathogenetically validated differentiated methods of treatment in certain kinds of pain vertebrogenic syndromes from the standpoint of cause and effect correlations with respect to their origination.
Integrating Gamification in Expert Systems: A Novel Approach for Stress Disorder Diagnosis in Digital Mental Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasing prevalence of stress disorders highlights the need for innovative, accessible, and engaging diagnostic tools in mental health services. This study presents the design and implementation of a gamified expert system for diagnosing stress disorders, integrating gamification elements to enhance user engagement and reduce stigma. The system employs the forward chaining method to deliver high-accuracy, rule-based diagnoses while incorporating features such as points, rewards, and leaderboards to motivate user interaction.The system's development followed a user-centered design approach to ensure an intuitive interface aligned with user needs. Evaluation results demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy rate of 92%, validated by mental health professionals, alongside significant improvements in user engagement metrics, including session frequency and duration. Qualitative feedback indicated that gamification effectively reduced stigma and increased motivation for mental health assessments.These findings suggest that gamified expert systems can bridge gaps in accessibility and engagement in mental health services. This research contributes to the advancement of digital health technologies by providing practical insights into integrating gamification into expert systems to foster proactive mental health management.
Molecular type distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of clinical Cryptococcus gattii isolates from South African laboratory-based surveillance, 2005–2013

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

As is the case globally, Cryptococcus gattii is a less frequent cause of cryptococcosis than Cryptococcus neoformans in South Africa. We performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and fluconazole susceptibility testing of 146 isolates randomly selected from 750 South African patients with C. gattii disease identified through enhanced laboratory surveillance, 2005 to 2013. The dominant molecular type was VGIV (101/146, 70%), followed by VGI (40/146, 27%), VGII (3/146, 2%) and VGIII (2/146, 1%). Among the 146 C. gattii isolates, 99 different sequence types (STs) were identified, with ST294 (14/146, 10%) and ST155 (10/146, 7%) being most commonly observed. The fluconazole MIC50 and MIC90 values of 105 (of 146) randomly selected C. gattii isolates were 4 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml, respectively. VGIV isolates had a lower MIC50 value compared to non-VGIV isolates, but these values were within one double-dilution of each other. HIV-seropositive patients had a ten-fold increased adjusted odds of a VGIV infection compared to HIV-seronegative patients, though with small numbers (99/136; 73% vs. 2/10; 20%), the confidence interval (CI) was wide (95% CI: 1.93-55.31, p = 0.006). Whole genome phylogeny of 98 isolates of South Africa's most prevalent molecular type, VGIV, identified that this molecular type is highly diverse, with two interesting clusters of ten and six closely related isolates being identified, respectively. One of these clusters consisted only of patients from the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa, suggesting a similar environmental source. This study contributed new insights into the global population structure of this important human pathogen.