jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Current Crowding Effects on the Thermal Performance of AlGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Today, ultraviolet (UV) and visible light-emitting diodes (LED's) are being vastly used in a variety of application areas, such as automotive, construction and healthcare. One of the most important parameters to consider in LED design is the non-uniform heat generation during the operation of the device since it causes important drawbacks such as performance degradation or ultimately device failure. Coupled electrothermal modelling approaches are useful to understand the thermal behavior of devices and predict the highest temperatures in active device layers where physical measurements are either difficult or not possible. For this purpose, we simulated a LED device under different operation conditions by employing an electrical study via the semiconductor module of COMSOL Multiphysics. Total heat generation from joule heating and recombination heating is calculated and their effects on temperature distribution is observed for each case. The effect of current crowding on the thermal and electrical performance of devices are investigated using this technique.
Anharmonicity of atomic vibrations in magnesium by measurement of almost-forbidden reflections

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The X-ray intensities of almost-forbidden reflections 301 and 303 in a single crystal of magnesium have been measured at 293 K. Effective monochromatization by appropriate electronics was utilized to increase the observability of these weak reflections. The data are interpreted in terms of atomic vibrations by application of a quantum-statistical one-particle formalism that allows anharmonic contributions to the atomic temperature factor. A value of -0.43 (3) eV Å-3 is obtained for the third-order anharmonic parameter, the negative sign being deduced from the coordination. This outcome is in accordance with earlier results concerning anharmonic vibrations.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF OCULAR SIGNS IN PEDIATRIC ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Albany Medical Center Albany, NY Original study reprint requests: Dr Gaurav Bhardwaj, Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd floor, South Wing, Edmund Blacket Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. E-mail address: gauravb23gmail.com.
Management Earnings Forecasts, Information Asymmetry, and Liquidity: An Empirical Investigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates (1) whether forecasting firms have lower liquidity prior to the issuance of a management-earnings forecast than non-forecasting firms and (2) whether forecasting earnings has a persistent affect on a firm's liquidity. I find that, first, forecasting firms have greater liquidity in the period prior to a forecast. Second, while issuing forecast increases liquidity in over short windows, this effect is not significant over longer windows. Third, initiating or ceasing the issuance of earnings forecasts has no significant long-term effect on the firm's liquidity. Combined, these results suggest that management earnings forecasting decision does not appear to be driven by liquidity-improvement goals, and that management earnings forecasts do not appear to strongly affect firms' liquidity.
Implicit Trust in a Data Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : As an assessment of databases used to store Maritime Situational Awareness data, the hypothesis is posed that a database built upon a data model, utilizing international standards, recognized and accepted data modelling concepts, best practices, etc. would be more trusted by the community utilizing the data contained within the database. In this work, the validity of this hypothesis was investigated and assessed by decomposing trust into the sub-components: predictability, dependability, faith, reliability, robustness, familiarity, understandability, explication of intention, usefulness, competence, self-confidence, and reputation. An analysis of how these components are expressed in the context of a database system and in particular, how they impact the data model, was performed. The analysis indicates that reliability, understandability, usefulness, familiarity and reputation are the components that capture the concept of trust in a data model. These components were then applied in an analysis of the National Information Exchange Model-Maritime data model, essentially grading the model against the applicable trust components. Results vary from a poor grade on aspects of reliability, to excellent in terms of familiarity and reputation.
DEVELOPMENT OF SET TOP BOX FOR DIGITAL TELEVISION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Set top box (STB) is an emergent technology in recent years, and a lot of countries take it as the new growing point of their computers and electronic industry. Here discussed are the major technologies for STB, the standard used in STB, operating system, and the structure of the software. In addition, some typical STB's structures are also given. Also pointed out are the effects on computing technology and chip's trends along with the development of the digital television receiver. It is thought that the STB which gets all the functions of TV receiver, DVD, Internet service, and game player together will be popular in the future.
Global stability of a multi-group model with generalized nonlinear incidence and vaccination age

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A multi-group epidemic model with general nonlinear incidence and vaccination age structure has been formulated and studied. Mathematical analysis shows that the global stability of disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium of the model are determined by the basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_0$: the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if $\mathcal{R}_01$. The Lyapunov functionals for the global dynamics of the multi-group model are constructed by applying the theory of non-negative matrices and a novel grouping technique in estimating the derivative.
Determination of aflatoxins in foodstuffs employing fluorometric method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Results from the examination of total aflatoxins in foodstuffs are presented Determination of the aflatoxins was done employing rapid and reliable method based on immunnosorbent columns clean-up and measurement of the aflatoxins by fluorometer (Vicam, USA). Quantification and detection limits of the method were 1.0 and 0.1 ppb respectively. This method is especially suitable when laboratories are dealing with big number of samples. 20% of the samples were found to content total aflatoxins over MRL (5 g/kg). The positive samples were further analysed with TLC as a confirmatory method, whereby over 95% of positive samples where confirmed by TLC technique. Application of this rapid aflatoxin method significantly simplifies their analysis, especially when laboratories are dealing with big number of samples.
Gamma-sarcoglycanopathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The best known muscular dystrophies are X-linked dystrophinopathies. A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group presenting with weakness of the pelvic and shoulder girdles is that of the limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs). Sarcoglycanopathies (SGPs) are autosomal recessive LGMDs. We report a rare case of primary gamma-sarcoglycanopathy (SGP) which emphasizes the evolving concept of dystrophinopathy to sarco-glycanopathy.
Community Organizations, Local Health Equity Action Teams, and a Learning Collaborative to Address COVID-19 Disparities in Urban and Rural Communities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) Kansas worked with 10 Kansas counties from November 2020 through June 2022 to form local health equity action teams (LHEATs), develop COVID-19 testing strategies, foster communication about COVID-19, and share best practices through a learning collaborative. Participating counties documented 693 distinct COVID-19 testing and 178 communication activities. Although the intervention was not associated with changes in the proportion of positive COVID-19 tests, LHEATs in the learning collaborative implemented new testing strategies and responded to emerging COVID-19 challenges. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1202–1206. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307771 )
Promoting breastfeeding through health education at the time of immunizations: a randomized trial from Guinea Bissau

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As an intervention against diarrhoea, promotion of breastfeeding has been suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the present study from Guinea Bissau we tested the possibilities of promoting breastfeeding at a local health centre. A total of 1250 children were allocated randomly into two groups. Mothers in the intervention group were given health education according to WHO's recommendations; about exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 4 mo, prolonged breastfeeding and family planning methods. At 4 mo of age introduction of weaning food was delayed in the intervention group (risk rate 1.18 (95% CI 1.03-1.38) and more mothers had an IUD inserted (risk rate 2.45 (1.27-4.70). The median length of breastfeeding was 23 mo in both groups. There was no difference in the number of children weaned early. Although exclusive breastfeeding was promoted by the intervention, early weaning of children in special risk groups was not avoided. An evaluation of the impact of the WHO recommendations in different settings is warranted.
Serum uric acid and prediabetes progression and regression: a retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The impact of serum uric acid (SUA) levels on metabolic disorders, particularly concerning the development or reversal of prediabetes, is not well understood. While high uric acid is recognized for its association with metabolic disturbances, its specific influence on prediabetes progression and regression has been insufficiently explored. This study investigates how SUA levels correlate with the natural course of prediabetes, shedding light on its management. Methods A cohort of 3659 individuals diagnosed with prediabetes at Nanjing First Hospital was tracked over three years. Follow-up assessments included fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements. Serum uric acid was measured initially and categorized into quartiles (Q1 through Q4). To assess the impact of uric acid levels on shifting prediabetes status, methods such as restricted cubic spline, segmented regression, stratified analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized in a multinomial logistic regression framework. Results At baseline, all 3659 participants had prediabetes; by the three-year mark, 2626 remained in this category, 523 reverted to normal fasting glucose (NFG), and 510 advanced to diabetes. After adjustment for potential confounders, a positive correlation was found between higher SUA levels and progression to diabetes (Odds ratio [OR] 1.182, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.095–1.276), with no significant link to reversion to NFG (OR: 0.987, 95% CI: 0.909–1.073). Conclusion Elevated SUA levels are linked with a higher likelihood of progressing from prediabetes to diabetes but do not significantly forecast a regression to NFG.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISTEM HIDROLIK MELALUI METODE JIGSAW LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS X TKR 1 SMK MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGMOJO KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to improve the learning activity through the hydraulic system of Jigsaw Learning method in class X TKR SMK Muhammadiyah 1 KarangmojoThis study is an action research (PTK). The subjects were students of class X of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Karangmojo TKR. Data was collected through observation, interviews, field notes, and nontes testing, documentation, and analysis of documents. This study consisted of three cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely (1) the action plan; (2) the implementation of the action; (3) observation; and (4) reflection and revision. Data analysis was performed by descriptive qualitative and quantitative skills is to describe the hydraulic system before and after the implementation of the action. The validity of the data obtained through validity (the validity of the results, the validity of the process, the validity of the dialogic, democratic validity) and reliability.The results showed that there is an increase in the hydraulic system of learning activities in class class X TKR SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Karangmojo through Learning through Jigsaw method. This increase is reflected by an increase in the quality of the process and outcomes of learning activities hydraulic system. The increase reflected the quality of the increasing activity of students during the lesson. Improved quality of results reflected increased average value of the hydraulic system of students' learning activities before and after the action. Average ability of students before and after the action was 63.33 subject to measures for cycle three times the average value of students rose to 78.93. This shows that there has been growing positive attitude in students' learning activities so that the ability of the hydraulic system began to increase. Hydraulic system enhancements increase of 15.6 or 24.63%.
Comprehensive Diagnostic Tool : Annex to the QI Toolkit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a modern world with rapidly growing international trade, countries compete less on the availability of natural resources, geographical advantages, and lower labor costs and more on factors related to a firm’s ability to enter and compete in new markets. One such factor is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services expected by consumers and to confirm compliance with international standards. To ensure such compliance, a sound quality infrastructure (QI) ecosystem is essential. Jointly developed by the World Bank Group and the National Metrology Institute of Germany, Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets: A Reform Toolkit is designed to help development partners and governments analyze a country’s QI ecosystem, provide recommendations to design and implement reforms, and enhance the capacity of QI institutions. The toolkit’s 12 modules provide a systematic, holistic knowledge resource—supported by practical case studies and examples—for QI diagnostics, reform interventions and approaches, and monitoring and evaluation. Related diagnostic tools are also available online at http://www.worldbank.org/qi and https://www.ptb.de/qitoolkit.
Texture characteristics analysis of ultra-high pressure instant porridge based on texture profile analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Texture characteristics of three kinds of porridge with a single material(shelled corn,kidney bean and brown rice respectively)were analysed by Texture Profile Analysis(TPA).The results showed that ultra-high pressure processing could significantly reduce the extent of the retrogradation of porridge,and the hardness and gumminess of different cereal in porridge were decreased by ultra-high pressure processing.This effect was not obvious in the early storage,but apparent in the later.After the longtime process of storage,the texture characteristics of the samples processed at the condition of 300MPa for 5 minutes were similar to those of just cooked porridge compared with other conditions.
Ammonium sulfate rates affect the Structural Characteristics, Biomass and Crude Protein of BRS Tamani Grass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mineral nutrition of forage species is essential for the maintenance of sustainable livestock systems, since it can increase animal productivity per area. Panicum maximum is considered nutritionally demanding. However, the behavior of modern cultivars under nitrogen fertilization is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of nitrogen (N) on the structural characteristics, forage biomass, and crude protein (CP) of cultivar BRS Tamani. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the treatments consisted of six N doses (0, 62.5, 125, 250, 375, and 500 N mg∙dm-3) using ammonium sulfate (AS) fertilizer, divided into three coverage applications under greenhouse conditions. Three cuts were made from all treatments, separated by an interval of 30 days. The interval between cuts was considered a split-plot effect. There was no interaction effect between the cuts and AS doses for the number of leaves tiller-1 or crude protein. However, there was an interaction effect for the leaf length, number of tillers, and biomass. The use of doses between 280 and 380 mg N∙dm-³ influenced the structural characteristics of the canopy and biomass of 'BRS Tamani' grass. The highest CP value was recorded in the first cut.
Comparative effects of silk and copper intra-uterine contraceptive devices on the uterine horns of rat.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The histologic and biochemical effects of copper and silk intrauterine devices (IUD) on the uterus were studied in the rat. Polymorphonuclear leucocytic infiltration of the surface epithelium and stroma occurred with both devices. However the copper IUD had a greater effect on stromal edema protein levels and acid phosphatase activity than the silk IUD (p less than .01).
Observation of Sympathomimetic Effect of Ear Acupuncture Stimulation for Body Weight Reduction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ear acupuncture stimulation has been used for body weight reduction as early as the 1970s. Several hypotheses have been proposed in literature regarding its mechanism of action, among which are the effects of the stimulation of the hypothalamic satiety center on decreased neuropeptide Y production. Here, we present another possible mechanism to account for the temporary and short-term effects of ear acupuncture stimulation in the treatment of obesity, the sympathetic effects of the autonomic nervous system. 14 female volunteers underwent a randomized clinical trial of the ear acupuncture stimulation. A prospective, sham-point control, crossover study was performed with two sequential four-week stimulation periods separated by a two-week washout interval. The clinical features of and effects on the autonomic nervous system were recorded and analyzed. Decreased body weight was observed in both the experimental and the control groups in the first 4 weeks of stimulation. Sympathomimetic effects were also noted in both groups. Whereas the sympathomimetic effects and body weight reduction were sustained in the experimental group in the second 4 weeks of stimulation, such effects were not observed in the control group. Some sympathomimetic effects were noted in both the experimental and the control groups initially. This effect remained apparent in the experimental group in sequential stimulation but was lost in the control group. Consequently, we believe that sympathomimetic effects may account for the reduction in body weight by temporarily increasing basal metabolic rate and decreasing appetite, but the body may regain weight after the termination of such effects. Accordingly, the combination of an optimal exercise and diet program with repeated acupoint therapy may be necessary to maintain a healthy body weight.
The Effect of The Principal's Managerial Activities and Work Culture on the Work Climate and Job Satisfaction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the principal's managerial activities and work culture on job satisfaction through the work climate. This research is a correlational research with a quantitative approach formulated into a path analysis model. The study population was 220 with 101 studies. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of the principal's managerial activities (33 items), work culture (34 items), work climate (24 items), job satisfaction (18 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis of this study used Path Analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of the principal's managerial activities on job satisfaction, work culture on job satisfaction, work climate on job satisfaction, principal's managerial activities on the work climate, work culture on the work climate, principal's managerial activities on job satisfaction through the work climate, and work culture on job satisfaction through the work climate.
The Uterus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent improvements in ultrasound technology have significantly enhanced our knowledge of normal uterine physiology. Due to its central location, relatively large size, and distinct shape, the uterus is usually the landmark in the ultrasound examination of the female pelvis. The basic examination of the uterus starts with the assessment of uterine morphology and the myometrium. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the smooth muscle and are the most common benign pathology of the uterus. The ultrasound appearance of fibroids varies, but most commonly they present as well-defined, echo-dense, single or multiple uterine tumors. The development of three-dimensional ultrasound techniques has allowed for better visualization of the junctional zone. The female reproductive system develops in the embryo from the urogenital sinus and two paramesonephric ducts. Clinical studies evaluating the importance of Doppler angiographic indices as tools for the evaluation of endometrial receptivity have been published, but the predictive value of resistance indices is limited.
Fretting fatigue in SUP9 spring steel under random loading.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fretting fatigue strength of SUP 9 spring steel under random loading was examined by clamping the contact pads of the same material. Random loading reduced the fretting fatigue strengths by a factor of 1.5. The linear cumulative damage rule held good for fretting fatigue under random loading. The relationship between the coefficient of the friction and the slip amplitude using root-mean-square values under random loading agreed well with that under constant loading. Prediction of fatigue life was made on the basis of the fracture mechanics analysis proposed in the previous paper, where the frictional force between the fretting pad and the specimen was taken into consideration. The predicted lives were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Conclusion

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter summarizes the main findings of the study of the U.S. economic embargo against Cuba and provides some suggestions for a more effective U.S. policy toward Cuba. The United States and Cuba face a tough road toward finding a common ground. Five decades of animosities and mutual distrust are not so easy to erase. Havana has made abundantly clear that it will not make any unilateral concessions to improve relations with its powerful northern neighbor. Washington is still defending the embargo as a useful instrument of economic coercion. In reality, the greatest accomplishment of the embargo was to undermine U.S. ability to influence positive changes on the island while failing to deprive the Castro government of the financial wherewithal to resist those changes.