jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Potential flow about two counter-rotating vortices approaching a free surface

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The problem of calculating nonlinear two-dimensional free-surface potential flow about a pair of counter-rotating point vortices rising under their own influence towards a free surface is solved numerically. The two vortices are inserted into fluid which is initially at rest. A boundary/integral-equation method is used to obtain free-surface elevations and streamlines about the rising pair of vortices for several vortex strengths. The paths of the two vortices are compared with those of a counter-rotating vortex pair under a rigid wall.
[A clinico-morphological study of uterine hemorrhages after the age of 40].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The type and nature of uterine bleedings during pre- and postmenopause were studied in 132 women, treated at the gynecological clinic of the Higher Medical Institute in the town of Pleven for a 2-year period (1986-1987). The patients were divided into groups according to histomorphological diagnosis: at the proliferative and secretory phase of endometrium, with glandular-cystic hyperplasia, with atypical hyperplasia of endometrium, adenocarcinoma, chronic endometritis and other more rarely encountered diseases, manifesting irregular uterine bleedings. The interconnection between histological state of the endometrium and data from the gynecological history and status were investigated. Pathological changes in the endometrium were established in 68.19% of women. In some of the described morphological diagnosis the manifested clinical symptoms were encountered more frequently and indicated a possible endometrial finding.
Erk1/2 and Elk1 Are Involved in PKCα-Induced Nox4 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In a previous study, we have shown that activation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKCα) leads to an upregulation of Nox4 expression in human endothelial cells. The present study was conducted to analyze the signaling pathway linking PKCα activation to Nox4 upregulation. Treatment of human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased Nox4 expression, which was prevented by the PKC inhibitor Gö 6983 and by siRNA-mediated knock-down of PKCα. PKC activation is known to stimulate the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk/Elk1 pathway. Indeed, PMA treatment of EA.hy 926 cells induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation and Elk1 upregulation. The PMA-induced Nox4 expression in EA.hy 926 cells could be prevented by the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 and by siRNA-mediated knock-down of Erk1/2 or Elk1, indicating a dependency of Nox4 expression on Erk1/2 and Elk1. In promoter activity analyses, PMA treatment of EA.hy 926 cells increased the activity of the Nox4 promoter fragments of 2160 bp and 672 bp in length, but not that of 495 bp. Consistently, a potential Elk1 binding site was found between –644 bp and –629 bp in the Nox4 promotor by in silico analysis. In conclusion, Erk1/2 and Elk1 are involved in the signaling pathway linking PKCα activation to Nox4 expression.
Pediatric Rhabdomyolysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pediatric rhabdomyolysis is a common diagnosis that pediatricians need to be able to recognize because prompt treatment can prevent potential complications, such as acute kidney injury. The triggers for rhabdomyolysis are extensive, with viruses being the most common cause in pediatric patients. The pathophysiology behind rhabdomyolysis is complex and still being researched, but having a firm understanding of the cascade that results when muscle injury occurs is essential for proper management. Guidelines for managing pediatric rhabdomyolysis currently do not exist, but this article aims to review the available literature and give clinicians a general approach to aid in history taking, physical examination, diagnosis, acute management, follow-up, and prevention.
Preparation and Characterization of Oxide Nanotubes on Titanium Surface for Use in Controlled Drug Release Systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Preventing or treating infections at implantation sites where the risk of bacterial contamination is high requires the development of intelligent drug delivery systems. The objective of this work was to develop a production method and characterization of fourth-generation oxide nanotubes on titanium grade 4 surface as a potential drug carrier. This study focused on the anodizing process; physico-chemical characterization using FE-SEM, EDS, and FTIR; in vitro corrosion resistance in an artificial saliva solution; and determining the drug release kinetics of gentamicin sulfate using UV-VIS. The anodizing process was optimized to produce fourth-generation oxide nanotubes in a fluoride-free electrolyte, ensuring rapid growth and lack of order. Results showed that the length of the oxide nanotubes was inversely proportional to the anodizing voltage, with longer nanotubes formed at lower voltages. The nanotubes were shown to have a honeycomb structure with silver particles co-deposited on the surface for antibacterial properties and were capable of carrying and releasing the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate in a controlled manner, following Fick’s first law of diffusion. The corrosion resistance study demonstrates that the oxide nanotubes enhance the corrosion resistance of the titanium surface. The oxide nanotubes show promise in enhancing osseointegration and reducing post-implantation complications.
Nosocomial meningitis laboratory criteria in ICU patients: 5-year surveillance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Nosocomial meningitis (NM) is one of the leading complications in neurosurgery due to high mortality and disability rates. Objective. The study was aimed to determine the reference values of laboratory parameters to diagnose NM in neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Results. The incidence of NM in neurosurgical patients in ICU was 8.4 (95% CI 6.8–10. 0) per 100 patients. The dominant microbial agents of NM were coagulase-negative staphylococci, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae. We revealed the increase in leukocytosis, C-reactive protein, and blood procalcitonin in patients with infectious complications of other systems, regardless of NM presence. Episodes of hyponatremia and an increase in body temperature ≥ 38.0 occurred signifcantly more often in patients with NM. Changes in cerebrospinal ﬂuid (CSF) cytosis, glucose, lactate, and the CSF/blood glucose ratio can serve as reliable criteria in the NM diagnosis. Conclusions. The diagnosis of NM is most likely when the increase in CSF cytosis > 65 cells/μL, CSF lactate > 4.2 mmol/L is observed, the decrease in the CSF glucose < 2.6 mmol, and CSF/blood glucose ratio < 0.45 is found.
LHD 2p5U-AH02-02-NF #175930.32

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Modern Problems in Ophthalmology: Ocular Immune Responses, vol. I6

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The correlation of clinical conditions with pathological changes is essential for the proper understanding of diseases of the eye.This monograph, compiled from lectures on ophthalmic pathology to medical students, explains this clearly and precisely.There are as many clinical illustrations as pathological, and both types are simple and of good quality.There are no electron micrographs nor is electron micrography mentioned.Modem concepts on immunology are clearly ex- plained and metabolic diseases are particularly well described, with explanations of their histochemistry and a table giving the types of inherited disease.The important subjects of retinal disease and cataract are relegated to the last chapter on miscellaneous conditions and might have been included earlier.The place of fluorescein angiography, now so important in diseases of the retina, is insufficiently stressed.The text is almost free of errors ('opthalmic pathology' in the foreword is an exception) and the quality of production is excellent.The book is a splendid introduction to ophthalmic pathology and will be useful to those beginning to study the specialty whether at undergraduate or postgraduate level.C. A. BROWN
Adult presentation of Caroli's syndrome treated with orthotopic liver transplantation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When Caroli's disease, defined as a congenital dilation and ectasia of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts in the absence of other histological abnormalities, is associated with periportal fibrosis, it is termed Caroli's syndrome. We describe the case of a 35-yr-old woman with Caroli's syndrome without clinical manifestation of portal hypertension despite diffuse involvement of the liver who was successfully treated with orthotopic liver transplantation after recurrent nearly fatal episodes of cholangitis.
Hardening Efficiency and Microstructural Changes during Laser Surface Hardening of 50CrMo4 Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Laser surface hardening is an attractive heat treatment solution used to selectively enhance the surface properties of components by phase transformation. A quantitative parameter to measure the efficacy of hardening processes is still lacking, which hinders its application in industries. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to assess the effectiveness of the process by calculating its thermal efficiency. The proposed method was applied to calculate the hardening efficiency during different laser processing conditions. This study revealed that only a small portion of supplied laser energy (approximately 1–15%) is utilized for hardening. For the same laser system, the highest efficiency is achieved when surface melting is just avoided. A comparative study showed that pulsed lasers are more efficient in energy utilization for hardening than continuous wave laser. Similarly, the efficiency of a high-power laser is found to be higher than a low-power laser and an increase in beam absorption produces higher hardening efficiency. The analysis of the hardened surface revealed predominantly martensite. The hardness value gradually decreased along the depth, which is attributed to the decrease in percentage of martensite.
SIMPATIQCO: A Server-Based\nSoftware Suite Which Facilitates Monitoring the Time Course of LC–MS\nPerformance Metrics on Orbitrap Instruments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While the performance of liquid chromatography (LC) and\nmass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation continues to increase, applications\nsuch as analyses of complete or near-complete proteomes and quantitative\nstudies require constant and optimal system performance. For this\nreason, research laboratories and core facilities alike are recommended\nto implement quality control (QC) measures as part of their routine\nworkflows. Many laboratories perform sporadic quality control checks.\nHowever, successive and systematic longitudinal monitoring of system\nperformance would be facilitated by dedicated automatic or semiautomatic\nsoftware solutions that aid an effortless analysis and display of\nQC metrics over time. We present the software package SIMPATIQCO (<i>SIMP</i>le <i>A</i>u<i>T</i>omat<i>I</i>c <i>Q</i>uality <i>CO</i>ntrol) designed\nfor evaluation of data from LTQ Orbitrap, Q-Exactive, LTQ FT, and\nLTQ instruments. A centralized SIMPATIQCO server can process QC data\nfrom multiple instruments. The software calculates QC metrics supervising\nevery step of data acquisition from LC and electrospray to MS. For\neach QC metric the software learns the range indicating adequate system\nperformance from the uploaded data using robust statistics. Results\nare stored in a database and can be displayed in a comfortable manner\nfrom any computer in the laboratory via a web browser. QC data can\nbe monitored for individual LC runs as well as plotted over time.\nSIMPATIQCO thus assists the longitudinal monitoring of important QC\nmetrics such as peptide elution times, peak widths, intensities, total\nion current (TIC) as well as sensitivity, and overall LC–MS\nsystem performance; in this way the software also helps identify potential\nproblems. The SIMPATIQCO software package is available free of charge.
Redescription of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus globulicola Romaniko, 1960 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) from the Ural Federal District of Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A redescription of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus globulicola, is given in this paper. It was originally described as a pest for legume crops in the Ural district, Russia, but was later considered by several taxonomists as a synonym of P. penetrans. In 2010 and 2011, new nematode material was obtained in the type locality from the type and other hosts and the extracted females and males were morphologically identified as P. globulicola. Neotype and neoparatypes are designated for this species. The species has four lip annuli, or four at one side and three at another side of the offset anteriorly flattened cephalic region, strongly sclerotised cephalic framework and strong stylet 14-15 µm long with anteriorly flattened basal knobs, DGO = 2.5-3.5 µm, pharyngeal glands lobe = 41 (29-54) µm, four equidistant, not areolated lateral field incisures, single genital tract and post-uterine sac (PUS) located to the right side from intestine, spermatheca spherical to oval, averaged 14 × 13 µm, filled with spherical to oval nucleic sperm of 3 µm in diam., distance from spermatheca to vagina = 41.9 (19-60) µm, vulva = 78 (72-82)%, PUS with three to four distal cellular elements, right to intestine, 24.4 (17-33) µm long or 1.2 (0.8-1.5) times of the vulval body diameter or 36 (23-49)% of vulva-anus distance, tail subcylindrical, bearing 11 (10-14) annuli on ventral side. Phasmids located slightly posterior to mid-tail. Tail tip smooth, flat in lateral view or rarely sub-hemispherical in ventral or dorsal orientation. The comparisons of ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences of P. globulicola revealed that those sequences are highly identical to corresponding gene sequences of P. vovlasi syn. n. Pratylenchus vovlasi syn. n. was proposed here as a junior synonym of P. globulicola based on analysis of morphological and molecular datasets. The rRNA gene sequences of P. globulicola clustered with the sequences of P. pratensis and P. pseudopratensis, forming the Pratensis clade.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Rabbit Cervix Epithelium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cervical epithelium of intact postovulatory rabbits, ovariectomized rabbits, and ovariectomized rabbits which had received estrogen were studied with the scanning electron microscope. The cervical epithelium of postovulatory rabbits consists of ciliated cells and nonciliated cells with bulbous apical processes. In rabbits spayed for 7 months, there appear to be slightly fewer cilia than in intact rabbits and the bulbous apices of nonciliated cells are not seen. In rabbits spayed for 15 to 18 months, patches of nonciliated cells are interspersed throughout the epithelium. The ciliated cells have both long and short cilia and microvilli on their apical surface. The cervical epithelium of rabbits spayed for 16 months and then given estrogen for 10 days, closely resembles that of intact postovulatory rabbits. Estrogen appears to play a modest role in the maintenance of the ciliated cells in the cervical epithelium, but has a somewhat more important role in the maintenance of the nonciliated secretory cells.
Product Recommendation in Offline Retail Industry by using Collaborative Filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The variety of purchased products is important for retailers. When a customer buys a specific product in a large number, the customer might get benefit, such as more discounts. On contrary, this could harm the retailers since only some products are sold quickly. Due to this problem, big retailers try to entice customers to buy many variations of products. For an offline retailer, promoting specific products based on the markets' taste is quite challenging because of the unavailability of information regarding customers' preferences. This study utilized four years of purchase transaction data to implicitly find customers' ratings or feedback towards specific products they have purchased. This study employed two Collaborative Filtering methods in generating product recommendations for customers and find the best method. The result shows that the Memory-based approach (k-NN Algorithm) outperformed the Model-based (SVD Matrix Factorization). Another finding is that the more data training being used, the better the performance of the recommendation system will result. To cope with the data scalability issue, customer segmentation through k-Means Clustering was applied. The result implies that this is not necessary since it failed to boost up the models' accuracy. The result of the recommendation system is then applied in a suggested business process for a specific offline retailer shop.
Herrarne och damerna. Variationen i den plurala definita substantivböjningen i Sverige och i Finland på 1800-talet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the 19th century, definiteness in the plural could be marked with two different articles, -na and -ne, but the norms regulating the variation were not universally agreed upon. In this study, I investigate how 19th-century Swedish grammars approach the variation in suffixes and how the prescriptive norms match the language used in Swedish-language newspapers from the same era, with special attention given to the differences between the varieties of Swedish spoken in Sweden and Finland. For this purpose, two historical newspaper corpora were consulted, comprised of newspapers published during the 19th century in Sweden and Finland, respectively. The findings show that from the middle of the 19th century, the grammars are generally split into two practices, with one attributing the use of the articles to the declension of the noun, while the other, mainly associated with the historical-comparative school, attributing it to the grammatical gender of the noun. In addition, grammars written in Finland stress the semantic gender of animate nouns. This difference is also reflected in the corpora: while both varieties are influenced by both the gender and the declension, the declension is the most important factor in the Swedish corpora, whereas semantic gender is the main factor in the Finnish corpora.
A Competency Model for the Selection and Performance Improvement of Project Managers in Collaborative Construction Projects: Behavioral Studies in Norway and Finland

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Collaborative work practices are getting more common in construction projects. Consequently, new project delivery models have emerged and new practices have also entered the world of traditional delivery models. The resultant collaborative construction projects provide a different working environment compared to the traditional construction delivery models. This different environment seems to require project managers with certain types of competencies, but there is currently very limited research-based knowledge concerning this subject. This study aims at identifying such competencies, which project managers of collaborative construction projects need to possess to succeed. For this purpose, a human behavioral approach was employed where project managers’ behavior in their everyday work was the main source for understanding their competencies. Accordingly, the survey strategy was utilized, where a self-evaluation questionnaire was sent to 33 project managers of collaborative construction projects, and a response rate of 73% was achieved. The findings present four groups of competencies within a matrix model, structured based on their contribution to project managers’ successful performance in collaborative construction projects and the degree to which they can develop those competencies. The developed model can provide a baseline for selecting project managers and for enhancing the performance of the current ones.
A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO 1 and Virgo 2 detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system 3 . Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source 4-6 . This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities 7 , resulting in the identification 8-13 of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first 'multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a 'standard siren' 14-18 (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic 'distance ladder' 19 : the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements 20,21 , while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitationalwave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision.
EUDRAGIT S-100 MICROSPONGES BASED GEL OF BUTENAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR CANDIDIASIS: DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO AND IN VIVO INVESTIGATION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:This research focused on formulating a controlled-release microsponge gel incorporating Butenafine hydrochloride (BFH), designed to enhance drug retention time and reduce the risk of skin irritation. Methods:BFH-loaded microsponges were prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Optimization of formulation parameters, including eudragit S-100 and dichloromethane, was performed using a 32-factorial design. The microsponges were evaluated for production yield, entrapment efficiency, and cumulative drug release using FTIR, XRD, DSC, and SEM techniques. The optimized microsponge formulation was incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel. The resulting microsponge gel was assessed for extrudability, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro drug release, rheological properties, and in-vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Results:The optimized microsponge formulation exhibited a particle size of 48.92 ± 2.49 µm, an entrapment efficiency of 89.42 ± 1.55%, and a cumulative drug release of 81.67 ± 2.41%. The microsponge gel demonstrated a controlled drug release and was non-irritant to rat skin. The controlled release of butenafine hydrochloride from the microsponge gel resulted in prolonged drug retention with reduced permeation activity. Conclusion:The study revealed that the butenafine hydrochloride microsponge gel offers enhanced topical retention and prolonged drug release. Additionally, it showed superior antifungal activity compared to marketed preparations while significantly reducing skin irritation.