jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiportal Combined Transorbital and Transnasal Endoscopic Resection of Fibrous Dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Historically, access to the anterior skull base was achieved with open procedures. The paradigms to this approach were challenged with the advent of minimally disruptive endoscopic surgical techniques and supporting technology. The next step in the evolution of minimally disruptive surgery was the combination of multiportal endoscopic surgery. Results The patient was an 18-year-old man who presented with right-sided proptosis. Further diagnostic tests revealed a fibrous dysplasia (FD) occupying the skull base and orbit. The lesion was successfully resected. Conclusions The location of the tumor in this case was challenging, in which surgeons at some centers would have opted to have performed as an open procedure instead of endoscopically. The combined transnasal/transorbital approach is an uncommonly used technique that we have used to remove this tumor successfully. The patient also had a unique disease (FD) in a unique location that was treated without complications. This case report highlights how surgeons may use an expanded armamentarium in dealing with complex pathologies.
Further studies on the cytoplasmic 3H-dexamethasone receptor in the liver from adult and fetal rats.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In a previous experiment, differences in the binding affinity to dexamethasone (DEX) of the cytoplasmic receptor in the fetal and adult rats were observed. Therefore, the binding characteristics of cytoplasmic receptor, to DEX in livers of adult and fetal rats were further examined to throw insight into the mechanism of agerelated changes in responsiveness to glucocorticoids. Cytoplasmic DEX-receptor complexes in both adult and fetal livers were mainly precipitated with 35% saturation of (NH4) 2SO4 and eluted immediately after a void volume from a Sephadex G-100 column. When the 35% ammonium sulfate fraction was applied to DEAE chromatography, two peaks of the radioactivity bound to protein, eluted with 50mM and 100 mM KCl, were observed in the adult liver. On the other hand, only one peak which was eluted with 50mM KCl was noticed in the fetal liver. Stability of the DEX-receptor complex during incubation at 0 or 23 °C was not significantly different in these two tissues. At least two DEX-binding components which exhibited RBPB 0.28 and RBPB 0.43 in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were demonstrated in the cytoplasm from the adult liver, while one clear peak with RBPB 0.25 was observed in thefetal liver. The binding in the adult cytosol to DEX was efficiently inhibited by addition of corticosterone and cortisol and the similar inhibition by these two steroids was observed in the binding of fetal cytosol but in the latter tissue, deoxycorticosterone and progesterone were also competed with DEX binding moderately. Two forms of DEX-receptor complex-one binds only to nuclei and the other binds to DNA and nuclei-were observed in the fetal liver cytosol as well as in the adult one. The binding capacity of these two forms of receptor was almost comparable in cytosols of two tissues examined. The nuclear binding of 3H-DEX in the isolated liver cells was also different in fetal and adult animals.
The spectrophotometric determination of reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves by using a color developing reagent, blue tetrazolium chloride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The spectrophotometric determination of reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves was done by employing blue tetrazolium chloride as a color developing reagent. The maximum absorption of formazan dye which is the product of the reaction between blue tetrazolium chloride and fructose was shown to be 530 nm. In the fructose concentration range of 0.02mg/ml-0.14mg/ml the calibration curve coincided well to the law of Beer-Lambert. In order to take a look at the accuracy and/or recovery rate of fructose determination, the standard fructose was added to the tobacco leaves and the concentration of this standard fructose was estimated. A slightly lower concentration of the standard fructose compared with the pure one in solution was observed. However, an excellent analytical recovery was revealed under the-2% of relative error limit. When the quantitative determination of reducing sugar by the visual read-out (without using the spectrophotometer) method was done, the relative error obtained +- 10%
Simulation of Nakagami Fading Channels With Arbitrary Cross-Correlation and Fading Parameters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nakagami fading model is widely used in modeling wireless communication systems. In this paper, we present methods to generate Nakagami fading signals with arbitrary cross-correlation and fading parameters by taking the square root of correlated Gamma random variables (RVs) with the corresponding shape parameters. To generate correlated Gamma RVs with different noninteger values of m-parameters, two methods, namely the decomposition method and Sim's method, are proposed. The former is more flexible and efficient. The latter is mathematically exact but carries constraints on the permissible simulation parameters. Simulations show that both methods produce outputs that match well with the specifications.
Nutrition and fertilizer application to apple trees - a review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Denne rapporten gjev eit litteraturoversyn ved ulike sider av næringsopptaket av ulike mineral og tilførsel til epletre. Det er omtalt dei fysiologiske sidene av næringsopptaket hjå grunnstammer og sjølve sorten, transporten gjennom sil- og vedvev og funksjonen til dei ulike minerala i epletreet. Bladanalysar er eit viktig diagnoseverktøy for vurdering av næringsstatusen i treet. Terskelverdiar for dei ulike minerala er vurderte og tiltak for å retta opp eventuelle mangelsymptom ved hjelp av eit bladgjødslingsprogram. Tilsvarande er eigenskapar ved jorda vurderte, normer for jordanalysar omtalte og tilråding om kalking. Siste bolken omhandlar ulike måtar og mengder for å tilføra gjødsel til frukthagen. Dette gjeld gjødsling til jorda, gjødselvatning i dropevatningsystemet i trerekkja og bladgjødsling.
Unexpected Bedfellows: The GATT, the WTO and Some Democratic Rights1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The WTO system and democratic rights are unexpected bedfellows. The GATT ⁄ WTO requires governments to adopt policies that provide foreign products (read producers) with due process, political participation, and information rights related to trade policymaking. Because these nations also provide these rights to their citizens, a growing number of people are learning how to influence trade-related policies. As trade today encompasses many areas of governance, these same citizens may gradually transfer the skills learned from influencing trade policies to other public issues. Thus, the WTO not only empowers foreign market actors, but also citizens in repressive states. We use both qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine whether membership in the WTO over time leads to improvements in these democratic rights. Our qualitative analysis shows that these issues are discussed during accessions and trade policy reviews. Quantitative analysis examines how members of the GATT ⁄ WTO perform on these democratic rights over time. We use a cross-national time series design of all countries, accounting for selection issues of why countries become members of the GATT ⁄ WTO regime. We find that longer GATT ⁄ WTO membership leads to stronger performance on our metrics for political participation, free and fair elections, and access to information. The world’s most misunderstood international institution, the World Trade Organization (WTO), sits in a grand palace on the shores of Lake Geneva. This organization, once a club called the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), was designed to stimulate trade. The GATT ⁄ WTO regulates protectionism, serves as a forum for trade negotiations, and settles trade disputes. It is also an international agreement that establishes the rule of law in international trade for citizens of 153 nations. Trade grew dramatically under the aegis of the GATT ⁄ WTO, and thus the organization has played an important role in global economic growth. Yet many
Theoretical Model and Experimental Application for Solute Diffusion in Leaching Test With Time-Dependent Boundary Conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Measuring the diffusion coefficient of clay-based liner materials is important in estimating and predicting long-term barrier performance in waste containment facilities. Various theoretical models, including the finite cylindrical model, have been commonly used to determine the diffusion properties of clay-based liner materials in leaching tests. However, the assumption of zero-concentration boundary conditions of the traditional finite cylindrical model contradicts the measured variation of concentration in real leaching tests, likely resulting in (1) underestimated and unconservative diffusion coefficient, or (2) requirement of a relatively large liquid-to-soil ratio and frequent leachate replacement in the experiment to maintain the zero-concentration boundary condition. In this study, a theoretical model was developed to evaluate the solute diffusion process within a soil specimen under arbitrary, time-dependent concentration boundary conditions. The proposed model, incorporating the time-dependent boundary conditions, provides efficient calculations of the concentration distribution and the cumulative fraction leached of solute across the soil specimen. The example application of the proposed model to experimental data demonstrates the capability of the proposed model to determine apparent diffusion coefficients of clay-based liner materials without introducing errors associated with the assumption of a zero concentration boundary condition. The proposed model provides a comprehensive method to investigate the dynamic transport behaviors of solutes through clay-based liner materials in future studies.
Oral prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose responses and bioavailability studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum concentrations of prednisolone were measured by radioimmunoassay after the administration of prednisone (10, 20, or 30 mg) by mouth to five healthy volunteers, five patients with severe chronic active liver disease (CALD), and five patients with CALD in remission induced by prednisone. Only minor differences were found between the groups and bioavailability was linearly related to the dose of prednisone (r = 0.993). After prednisone (10 mg) was given by mouth and by vein to similar groups of volunteers and 11 additional patients with CALD, bioavailability of oral prednisone approximated 100% of the intravenous dose and no differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. We conclude that prednisone is effectively absorbed and converted to prednisolone in health and CALD and find no pharmacological evidence that either drug would be superior to the other for treating CALD.
Mirroring and managing in electronic mentoring: factors in interactivity between student-scientist pairs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mentoring has long been recognized as an effective process to help students and young professionals develop new skills and attitudes. This study analyzed the content of message exchanges between five professional scientists and five minority college students who were paired as part of the E-mentoring program developed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Interaction was assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively, with the goal of providing a better understanding of the connection between interactivity patterns and perceived success of a mentor-student relationship. Several factors were identified as contributing to successful interaction, including structure of the exchange; balance of discussion topics; mirroring in content and message length; and limited overt "managing" by mentors.
Kinetics of Fungal Growth and Phosphatase Formation in Aspergillus nidulans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dorn , G. (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, N.Y.), and W. Rivera . Kinetics of fungal growth and phosphatase formation in Aspergillus nidulans . J. Bacteriol. 92: 1618–1622. 1966.—A liquid culture system is described for growing Aspergillus nidulans in a manner amenable to kinetic studies. Changes in dry weight, protein, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase activity were followed over a 40-hr interval. In both limiting- and high-phosphate media, the doubling time of DNA during the logarithmic phase was 3.5 ± 0.5 hr. Of the four phosphatases which have been found in this fungus, three were markedly derepressed by low levels of inorganic phosphate.
Possibilities of using sewage sludge as nitrogen fertilizer for maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources of ammonium sulphate and municipal sewage sludge on yield, N content and uptake of the maize (Zea mays L.). Nutrient and heavy metals were determined in soil and plant. The experiment with three sludge rates (256, 513 and 1026 kg total N ha−1 or 9.5, 18.0 and 38.1 t ha−1 sludge), two nitrogen rates (80 and 160 kg N ha−1) and zero-N control were conducted on a clay loam soils under irrigated conditions in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application. 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain. However, 38.1 t ha−1 sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn. DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha−1 sewage sludge, whereas applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn, We conclude that if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha−1 could be accepted. However, this means also that the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N.
A narrative approach for organizational learning in a diverse organisation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to construct an approach referred to as “the participatory narrative” for organizational learning in diverse organizations. The approach is grounded in an understanding of organizational learning as the process of social construction which is narratively mediated. Design/methodology/approach The participatory narrative is constructed theoretically. Additionally, the approach and its potential use are illustrated by means of a practical example. Findings It is shown that the participatory narrative enables interplay between various perspectives of diverse people. It makes it possible to overcome the temporal and spatial limits of organisational learning situations and helps to question self‐evident assumptions about diverse people and makes such assumptions visible and negotiable. Research limitations/implications The application of the participatory narrative is only highlighted with the help of an illustrative example. Practical implications The participatory narrative helps to stimulate people's empathetic orientation, which provides a basis for responses to the experiences and world‐views of other people. Thus, it helps people in diverse organizations to learn to become capable of imagining not only their own position but also the position of others. Originality/value This article contributes to prior literature by developing an awareness of the narrative mechanisms of language use in the field of organizational learning. The paper shows also that the transformative dynamic of narratively mediated organizational learning lies in the empowering recognition that organization members understand that they are the active authors of the stories.
LHD 2-O_RU_Edge01 #163598.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2-O port camera, where ROI is (1184,76) - (1232,136) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
The validity of nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis—An inter‐rater agreement study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Nasal endoscopy is a cornerstone in diagnosing sinonasal disease, but different raters might generate different results using the technique. Our study aims to evaluate the agreement between multiple raters to assess the validity of nasal endoscopy. Design/Participants Three independent and blinded raters evaluated 28 patients (56 nasal cavities) diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps. The ratings were compared using unweighted Fleiss’ kappa coefficients ( K f ) for each objective parameter. Setting The department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Main outcome measures The ratings were quantified in a modified Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy score and focused on the objective parameters specified in the diagnostic criteria: polyps, oedema and discharge. Results The raters agreed on the findings concerning polyps and discharge but not regarding oedema with the inter‐rater agreement for the different parameters being: polyps K f =.66 ( SE .07, P <.001), oedema K f =.05 ( SE .07, P =.21), discharge K f =.35 ( SE .08, P <.001), oedema exclusively in middle meatus K f =−.07 ( SE .04, P =.8) and discharge exclusively in middle meatus K f =.16 ( SE .07, P =.01). Conclusion Using nasal endoscopy, the evaluation of polyps by multiple raters showed sufficient reliability indicating an acceptable objective evaluation. The evaluation of discharge achieved a fair level of agreement while the assessment of oedema could not achieve a sufficient reliability questioning the inclusion of oedema in the criteria for diagnosing sinonasal disease.
Crystal structure of 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one–N,N-dimethylformamide(1/1), C18H17NO5

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract C 18 H 17 NO 5 , orthorhombic, P 2 1 2 1 2 1 (no. 19), a = 4.6793(9) Å, b = 18.118(4) Å, c = 18.380(4) Å, V = 1,558.2(5) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0448, w R ref ( F 2 ) = 0.1246, T = 173(2) K.
SEARCH FOR A STANDARD EXPLANATION OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The data from Pioneer 10 and 11 shows an anomalous, constant, Doppler frequency drift that can be interpreted as an acceleration directed towards the Sun of aP = (8.74± 1.33)×10 −8 cm/s 2. Although one can consider a new physical origin for the anomaly, one first must investigate the contributions of the prime candidates, which are systematics generated on board. Here we expand upon previous analyses of thermal systematics. We demonstrate that thermal models put forth so far are not supported by the analyzed data. Possible ways to further investigate the nature of the anomaly are proposed. 1.
The Evaluation Study of Prosperous Family Savings and Prosperous Family Business Credit in Soppeng Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The proposed study was to know implementation of Prosperous Family Savings (Takesra) and Prosperous Family Business Credit (Kukesra). This study was conducted in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The total sample was 76 women accepting Takesra and Kukesra. Takesra/Kukesra implementation processes involve inputs, process and output. The outputs of Takesra were: 1) active depositors were 26,32 % and passive depositors were 73,68 %. 2) The balance of Takesra declines from Rp. 101.435.435 to Rp. 99.777.131. The outputs of Kukesra were: 1) amount of groups accepting Kukesra increases from 140 groups to 163 groups. 2) amount of Kukesra fund rises from Rp. 210.740.000 to Rp. 281.460.000. 3) amount of groups behind in their credit payments declined from 75 groups to 64 groups. 4) amount of Kukesra outstanding declined from Rp. 58.984.493 to Rp. 55.876.084. 5) Paired Samples t Test showed that income after receiving Kukesra was different than before. The SpearmanA‚ÂiA‚Â¦s Correlation Analysis showed that knowledge about Takesra/ Kukesra was related to attitude of participant. The Chi-Square Analysis showed that attitude of participant was related to being active of Takesra. PearsonA‚ÂiA‚Â¦s Correlation Analysis showed that amount of Kukesra was related to the increase income.
PALAEOMAGNETIC POLARITY BOUNDARY WERE RECORDED IN CHINESE LOESS AND RED CLAY,AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of palaeomagnetism polarity boundary of loesssection in Lantian,Shaanxian,Luochuan.Xifeng,Pingliang,Lanzhou and Jingyuan.The results show:1) Brunhes normal polarity zone and Matuyama reversal polarityzone were recorded in Chinese loess section.The Matuyama-Brunhes transition islocated in the loess layer L8.The thickness of transition is 0.375m,and time is estimated to be about 6000a.The M-B transition field is made up of three reversal,and every reversal is less than 400a.2) Jaramillo normal polarity subzone Is Iocatedbetween marker beds L9 and L15,about in S10-S13. 3) Olduvai normal polaritysubzone is located in S27-S33.4) Reunion normal polarity subzone was found atDuanjiapo loess section of Lantian.The R subzone composed of two parts of R1and R2. The R1 is located L36,and R2 is located S38. 5) Gauss-matuyama boundarycorresponds to loess/red clay boundary.Chinese loess began to form at 2.48 MaB.P.The red clay is underlying formation of loess.6)Gauss normal polarity chron.Gilbert reversal polarity chron and Epoch 5 were recorded in the redclay underthe loess.
Composite Fermions as Deformed Oscillators: Wavefunctions and Entanglement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Composite structure of particles somewhat modifies their statistics, compared to the pure Bose- or Fermi-ones. The spin-statistics theorem, so, is not valid anymore. Say, п-mesons, excitons, Cooper pairs are not ideal bosons, and, likewise, baryons are not pure fermions. In our preceding papers, we studied bipartite composite boson (i.e. quasiboson) systems via a realization by deformed oscillators. Therein, the interconstituent entanglement characteristics such as entanglement entropy and purity were found in terms of the parameter of deformation. Herein, we perform an analogous study of composite Fermi-type particles, and explore them in two major cases: (i) “boson + fermion” composite fermions (or cofermions, or CFs); (ii) “deformed boson + fermion” CFs. As we show, cofermions in both cases admit only the realization by ordinary fermions. Case (i) is solved explicitly, and admissible wavefunctions are found along with entanglement measures. Case (ii) is treated within few modes both for CFs and constituents. The entanglement entropy and purity of CFs are obtained via the relevant parameters and illustrated graphically.