jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in the Construction Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is now being hailed as a foundation for the integration of organization-wide information systems. ERP systems link together an entire organization's operations such as accounting, finance, human resources, manufacturing and distribution, etc. Moreover, they also connect the organization to its customers and suppliers through the different stages of the product or process life cycle. There are very few studies conducted about the implementation of ERP systems in the construction industry, particularly for the construction contractors. The focus so far has been on client organizations, engineering and design firms. The objective of this paper is to investigate the suitability and the implementation status of ERP systems in contractor firms. The methodology employed is a mix of literature review, case studies and detailed questionnaire survey. It was found that the majority of contractor firms have awareness about ERP but very few organizations have so far implemented an internal system. The major reason is that the implementation of an ERP system requires a large investment in time, money and resources. However, when implemented to solve the right problems, these ERP systems can be a powerful tool for business improvement. This study sheds light on the barriers to the implementation of ERP systems in the construction industry and also highlights valuable lessons learned and benefits gained by companies that have such systems in place.
Avoiding Hysteron Proteron: Use of Meta-Analysis for Examining Exercise Response Variation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Precision exercise medicine is aimed at developing exercise programs to optimize benefit for particular groups of people by accounting for individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. One of the most important topics, and a critical element in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR), is appropriate testing for true exercise-associated interindividual response differences (IIRD). IIRD has not historically been performed. Consequently, misdirected efforts and resources aimed at identifying possible moderators and mediators, including genetic interactions, can occur within the same study. Subsequent conduct of potentially unethical follow-up studies occurs because random and within-subject variation have not been properly assessed. In a previous article of the Journal , we provided guidance on how to properly assess for exercise-associated IIRD in original randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the standard deviation of individual response (SD IR ) approach. In the current article, we provide guidance on how to properly assess for IIRD using the SD IR approach based on meta-analyses of RCTs, given that it has been suggested that the use of meta-analysis to assess IIRD is preferable over such assessment within an original RCT. It is the hope that the guidance provided in this brief article will lead to wider adoption of the SD IR method for examining true IIRD in meta-analyses of RCTs in EBCR studies both retrospectively and prospectively. Adherence to the proposed method will help avoid false conclusions regarding potential moderators and mediators, including genetic interactions, as well as unneeded follow-up studies.
Unemployment and Inflation: An Assessment of Canadian Macroeconomic Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

During the decade of the 1970s the Canadian economy was characterized by substantially higher rates of both inflation and unemployment than during the 1960s. This paper reviews some important research in recent years in an attempt to explain this occurrence and draws implications for policy formulation in the 1980s. The predominant view during the 1960s was that an inverse relationship exists between inflation and unemployment, i.e. periods of high inflation tend to be associated with periods of low unemployment and vice versa. The explanation for such an inverse relation between inflation and unemployment is based on three underlying relationships: the rate of price change is directly related to the rate of wage change and other factors; the rate of wage change is directly related to conditions in the labour market and (actual or expected) inflation; and conditions in the labour market are inversely related to the unemployment rate. This inverse relationship between the rate of price (or wage) change and the unemployment rate is called the Phillips curve after A.W. Phillips (1958) who presented striking empirical evidence that such an inverse relationship had existed in the United Kingdom for almost a century. The Phillips curve reflects something that is obvious to those involved in collective bargaining in Canada, i.e that, other things equal, a union can generally achieve a higher wage settlement when the economy is booming than when it is in a recession. The statistical verification of this relationship has proved to be a difficult task, however, and has been the subject of a highly technical statistical debate among researchers.' The conclusion which has emerged
The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the United States between 2001 and 2014, higher income was associated with greater longevity, and differences in life expectancy across income groups increased over time. However, the association between life expectancy and income varied substantially across areas; differences in longevity across income groups decreased in some areas and increased in others. The differences in life expectancy were correlated with health behaviors and local area characteristics.
Liquidity Creation by Conventional Banks In Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Conventional banks create liquidity in the economy by facilitating investments and savings. Conventionalbanks create liquidity by utilizing the on & off-balance sheet items and handling their asset and liabilityportfolios of different maturities. The current study estimated the volume of liquidity created byconventional banks utilizing the "Catfat" model (Berger & Bouwman, 2009). The yearly sample data wasgathered from 2000 to 2021; the secondary data source is Thomson Reuter's financial data stream. Thestudy has taken a sample from all the conventional banks registered on Pakistan Stock Exchange.Findings suggest that the conventional banks in Pakistan created liquidity in the economy of around 7.05Trillion Rupees in 2021 and around 0.33 Trillion Rupees in 2000. It was found that Habib Bank Limitedmade the most contribution in 2021, i.e., 1156 Billion Rupees 2021, and the SAMBA Bank created theleast liquidity, i.e., 47 Billion Rupees. It is concluded that the conventional banks in Pakistan play anessential role by creating liquidity in the market to boost the economy. It is recommended that differentfactors, such as corporate governance, capital, and monetary policy, can affect liquidity creation inPakistan. Further research can examine the influence of these factors on liquidity creation.
effect of row arrangement, age of tiller seedling and number of tiller seedlings per hill on performance of transplant aman rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted to observe the effect of row arrangement, age of tiller seedlings and number of tiller seedlings hill-1 on the vegetative characters, yield and yield contributing characters of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of three levels of row arrangement viz. single row (row spacing 25cm), double row (row spacing 25-10-25cm)and triple row (row spacing 25-10-10-25cm), two types of tiller seedlings viz. 25 days and 35 days old; and three levels of number of tiller seedling hill-1 viz. 2, 4 and 6 seedlings hill-1. The experiment was laid out in a three factor Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The highest plant height, number of effective tillers hill-1, effectivity index of tillers, number of grains panicle-1 and harvest index were found in single row arrangement compared to double and triple row arrangements but number of total spikelets panicle-1 and grain yield were highest in double row arrangement. The highest number of non-bearing tillers hill-1, number of total tillers hill-1 and number of sterile spikelets panicle-1 were found in triple row arrangement compared to single and double row arrangements. The highest plant height, effectivity index of tillers, number of grains panicle-1, grain yield, harvest index and sterility percentage were found by transplanting 25-day old tiller seedlings. Number of total tillers hill-1, non-bearing tillers hill-1, straw yield and sterility percentage were highest by transplanting 35-day old tiller seedlings. Plant height, harvest index, grain yield and panicle length were highest when 2 tiller seedlings were transplanted hill-1. Number of total tillers hill-1 and number of non-bearing tillers hill-1 were highest when 6 tiller seedlings were transplanted hill-1.Transplanting in single and double row arrangements emerged out as a promising practice. This practice improved yield of transplant aman rice. Twenty five day old tiller seedlings was found to be suitable in respect of grain yield and 2 tiller seedlings hill-1 appeared to be enough for the cultivation of transplant aman rice. Key words: Row arrangement; tiller seedling; transplant aman riceDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v6i2.3860 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011, vol .6, no 2, pp59-68
Second and third trophic level effects of differences in plant species reflect dietary specialisation of herbivores and their endoparasitoids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In natural populations, plants demonstrate an array of indirect and direct defence strategies that help to protect them from their herbivores and pathogens. Indirect defences include the release of odours that attract the natural enemies of herbivores, whereas direct defences may include the production of secondary compounds, allelochemicals that impair herbivore development or repel herbivore attack. Although both strategies have been well studied independently, comparatively little attention has been paid to examining the conflict that may arise between indirect and direct defences, such as when the performance of ‘recruited’ parasitoids or predators is negatively affected by plant allelochemicals. Here, we examine the growth and development of polyphagous and oligophagous folivores and their respective endoparasitoids on three crucifer species. One of the species, Brassica oleracea , was recently cultivated, whereas populations of B. nigra and Barbarea vulgaris occur naturally. Additionally, these species possess contrasting life‐history patterns and are also known to exhibit differences in secondary chemistry. The development of the generalist herbivore–parasitoid system was much more variable over the three crucifers than that exhibited by the specialists. Moreover, generalist herbivore and/or parasitoid fitness‐related traits (survival, development time, pupal, or adult size) were much more negatively affected on the wild crucifers than in the specialist association. Our results suggest that the relative importance of direct and indirect defences in plants may rest on the degree of dietary specialisation exhibited by herbivores and their natural enemies, and on the level of toxicity in the plant species under investigation.
Paying Respect

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Why do people work? Economic theory generally, and the principal–agent model specifically, emphasize the role of material incentives. But many academics, for example, work diligently year after year for a nearly fixed real salary, continuing to work hard as they approach retirement, although financial incentives are usually absent. We will argue that while economists have been right to focus on incentives, they have been wrong to focus so exclusively on material incentives. While workers appreciate monetary rewards, they also get utility from what (they believe that) others think about them. We lay out a body of evidence that, taken as a whole, makes a strong case that respect matters in the workplace, above and beyond material rewards. We discuss evidence that workers respond to attention, symbolic rewards, and trust—and even that material incentives in some cases lead to less effort. Finally, we argue that many of these observations can be captured in a standard principal–agent model, once the principals and the agents are assumed to care about respect or esteem as well as money.
Shrinking the state in housing: challenges, transitions and ambiguities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public sector housing has had different shares of the market and different roles in advanced economies, but its general decline matches perspectives on shrinking the state. This article, referring to England, confirms public sector decline but also shows a prolonged, incomplete and locally contingent process that has not simply involved a shift from state to market. The retreat of government from direct provision of housing has involved different processes and phases and has consistently been contested and shaped by national and local actors in private, public and third sectors. Discussion of housing also extends the agenda beyond the issues of ownership and financing that have dominated debates about neoliberalisation, to include investment, costs, regulation and impacts on wider economic performance.
The Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy on Femoral Bone Micro-Structure in Ovariectomized Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that can result from cytokines activity such as TNFɑ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed electromagnet therapy on femoral strength and bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 rats were randomly divided into control, experimental1 (ovariectomized) and two experimental groups; namely ovariectomized and undergoing pulsed electromagnet groups. The control and experimental1 groups were kept under controlled conditions, while the two experimental groups were treated with pulsed electromagnet (2.4 mT) from 12 postoperative weeks for 30min, 3days a week, for 10 weeks. Then, the subjects were sacrificed and their femoral bones were removed to determine the strength and the bone microstructure parameters (the trabecular and cortical thicknesses and trabecular distances). In order to determine bone microstructures, the sections were prepared and stained with H&E. Then, Haworth method was used to measure. One-way ANOVA, repeated measurements, and Scheffe post- hoc tests were applied to analyze the obtained data. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 16; Chicago,IL). Results: Despite equal initial weight of the subjects (P=0.15), they significantly gained weight after12 and also 22 postoperative weeks (P<,0.001). Cortical and trabecular thicknesses, and femoral strength respectively and significantly decreased in the experimental group 1 .X=220.80±5.90,P<0.001; X=90.34±5.73,P=0.001; X=5.15±1.07,P=0.002. In the experiment. group 2, decrease was .X=255.40±6.02,P<0.001; X=113.50±3.43, P=0.008; X=8.00±1.11,P=0.015; respectively, comparing with the control group (X=232.36±5.13, X=100.50±5.06, X=6.95±1.16). Cortical and trabecular thicknesses, and bone strength significantly increased in the experimental group 2, compared to the experimental group 1(P<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the trabecular distance in the experimental group 2 (X=111.60±2.87) compared to the experimental 1 (X=127.40±4.74, P<0.001). Conclusion: Pulsed electromagnet, can be effective on the osteoporosis improvement.
Systematics and phylogeny of the Satyrium erectum group (Orchidaceae), with descriptions of two new species from the Karoo region of South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two spectacular new orchid species from the semi-arid Karoo region of South Africa are described here. Both have been confused with Satyrium erectum Sw. in the past, yet have clear diagnostic characters which justify their recognition as distinct species. Satyrium pulchrumS. Johnson & Kurzweil sp. nov., known only from an isolated granite inselberg in Namaqualand, appears to be the sister taxon to S. erectum, whereas Satyrium pallensS. Johnson & Kurzweil sp. nov., known from several populations along the southern margins of the Karoo, has closer affinities to Saprium longicolleLindl. These four species form a distinct monophyletic group characterized by several synapomorphies. The allopatric distribution pattern and considerable divergence in floral characters of the sister species suggest that speciation involved shifts in the pollination system of geographically isolated populations.
Group visits for chronic illness management: implementation challenges and recommendations.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The group visit approach to improve chronic illness self-management appears promising in terms of selected outcomes, but little information is available about best ways to organize and implement group visits. This literature review of 84 articles identified group visit implementation challenges, including lack of a group visit billing code, inadequate administrative support and resources, difficult participant recruitment and retention, and logistical issues such as space and scheduling. Recommendations for future implementation initiatives were also abstracted from the literature. Patients and providers can benefit from well-planned and well-conducted group visits. These benefits include greater patient and provider satisfaction, reduced overall utilization, improved clinical outcomes, and greater provider efficiency and productivity.
Robust Geo-Routing on Embeddings of Dynamic Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless routing based on an embedding of the connectivity graph is a very promising technique to overcome shortcomings of geographic routing and topology-based routing. This is of particular interest when either absolute coordinates for geographic routing are unavailable or when they poorly reflect the underlying connectivity in the network. We focus on dynamic networks induced by time-varying fading and mobility. This requires that the embedding is stable over time, whereas the focus of most existing embedding algorithms is on low distortion of single realizations of a graph. We develop a beaconbased distributed embedding algorithm that requires little control overhead, produces low distortion embeddings, and is stable. We also show that a low-dimensional embedding suffices, since at a sufficiently large scale, wireless connectivity graphs are dictated by geometry. The stability of the embedding allows us to combine georouting on the embedding with last encounter routing (LER) for node lookup, further reducing the control overhead. Our routing algorithm avoids dead ends through randomized greedy forwarding. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that our combined embedding and routing scheme outperforms existing algorithms. I. INTRODUCTION
Catesby's Birds of colonial America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With this lovely and informative volume, Alan Feduccia preserves the pathbreaking work of Mark Catesby, the English naturalist and illustrator who founded natural history and bird art in America. First published by UNC Press in 1985, the book features all 109 bird illustrations, 20 color plates, and the entire text from Catesby's pioneering Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahamas . Annotating Catesby's writings from a modern perspective, Feduccia discusses the perception of each species during the Colonial period, comments on its habits, and compares Catesby's observations with those of such other early naturalists as John White, John Lawson, Alexander Wilson, and John James Audubon.
The pricing of corporate real estate holdings on the UK capital market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to find out if corporate real estate ownership is priced into the capital market performance of non-property companies in the UK. This is of particular interest because ownership still represents a significant weight on the balance sheets and is predominantly considered unfavourable due to its bulkiness and difficult revisability in the event of changes in space demand. This draws attention to the UK as one of the most important European economies that have been exposed to strong uncertainties and dynamics, for example, due to the withdrawal voting of the United Kingdom from the European Union (BREXIT). Design/methodology/approach A first look at the real estate assets reported in balance sheets provides insight into possible changes in ownership strategy. This serves as a basis for subdividing companies based on their real estate assets using a portfolio-based approach and that are then analysed using the Fama and French multi-factor model with regard to their influence on capital market returns. Findings In general, the share of real estate assets has fallen over the past 10 years, although coinciding with BREXIT voting, some industries such as manufacturing show a turnaround. At the same time, ownership is priced in as a factor on the capital market, which applies to a sample across industries, as well as to separately considered sectors in the manufacturing and service industries. The pricing also shows a counter-cyclical pattern. Practical implications Corporate real estate management should be aware of the negative influence of ownership, especially against the background of economic fluctuations. The reduction of ownership can reduce the associated cost of capital and increase company success. Originality/value Previous UK-related studies mostly refer to a period before the global economic crisis in 2008, and therefore, are too old to reflect a changed view on corporate real estate ownership because of new corporate environmental conditions, based on inaccurate proxies or mainly refer to the retail segment. This research gap is closed.
Finite potent groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A group is potent if for any element of the group and any prescribed positive integer (dividing its order if this order is finite) there corresponds a finite homomorphic image of the group in which the element has the prescribed integer as its order. The finite potent groups form a finite variety that contains all finite nilpotent groups, all finite metabelian groups, and precisely one simple group, A 5 .
Domain specialization: a post-training domain adaptation for Neural Machine Translation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Domain adaptation is a key feature in Machine Translation. It generally encompasses terminology, domain and style adaptation, especially for human post-editing workflows in Computer Assisted Translation (CAT). With Neural Machine Translation (NMT), we introduce a new notion of domain adaptation that we call "specialization" and which is showing promising results both in the learning speed and in adaptation accuracy. In this paper, we propose to explore this approach under several perspectives.