jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Species and functional differences between subalpine grasslands with and without dwarf shrub encroachment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diversity of subalpine semi-natural grasslands is threatened by both overgrazing and abandonment, resulting in degradation and woody plants encroachment, respectively. The effects of overgrazing, followed by a sharp decline of grazing are rarely assessed in uncontrolled conditions. We aimed at assessing plant species and functional diversity within the grass-dwarf shrub mosaic. Species abundance and selected plant functional traits (leaf, height, seed) were assessed within 16 m2 plots in adjacent grass-dominated and low-cover dwarf shrub vegetation patches. Species-based and functional patterns were quantified by Simpson’s diversity, Rao’s quadratic entropy, the plot weighted mean of plant traits and analysed with NMDS ordination and linear mixed-effect models. Despite the appearance of dwarf shrub canopy effect and light competition, higher species-based and functional diversity were found in the dwarf shrub patch. Our results point to the strong legacy of past overgrazing and the related filtering effects on the trait complex of assembling species, especially in the grass-dominated patches. We conclude that pastures incorporating dwarf shrubs at low cover are favourable in terms of species and functional diversity and recommend the maintaining of intermediate grazing intensity to support mosaic vegetation structures that are beneficial for biodiversity conservation in the study area.
Acute and chronic effects of human recombinant GH (hrGH) on adrenal steroidogenesis in children affected with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a previous study we demonstrated that, in children affected with isolated GH deficiency, an acute high-dose human recombinant GH (hrGH) treatment increases the 11-deoxycortisol and induces an IGF-I responsiveness to ACTH. The aim of the present study was to reevaluate, in the same children, the adrenal and IGF-I responsiveness to ACTH after a chronic replacement-dose GH therapy. Ten children (seven males and three females, mean age 7 years) affected with isolated GH deficiency underwent a synthetic ACTH 1-17 test before and after sc administration of human recombinant GH at a dose of 0.6 UI/kg/week for 3 months. After therapy, the 11-deoxycortisol responsiveness to ACTH significantly decreased compared with that observed after acute treatment (P < 0.001), and so it returned to baseline. No differences were detected in the responsiveness to ACTH of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, D4-androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. On the other hand, the chronic treatment induced an IGF-I responsiveness to ACTH (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that, in isolated GH deficiency, replacement doses of hrGH do not modify the adrenal steroid basal levels or its responsiveness to ACTH, whereas both replacement and high doses of hrGH induce an IGF-I responsiveness to ACTH.
Use of finger‐prick dried blood spots (fpDBS) and capillary electrophoresis for carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) screening in forensic toxicology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Continued progress in chronic alcohol abuse investigation requires the development of less invasive procedures for screening purposes. The application of finger‐prick and related dried blood spots (fpDBS) for carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) detection appears suitable for this aim. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop a screening method for CDT using fpDBS with CZE analysis. Blood samples prepared by finger‐prick were placed on DBS cards and left to air dry; each dried fpDBS disc was shredded into small pieces and suspended in acid solution (60 μL of HCl 120 mmol/L). After centrifugation (10 min at 1500 × g ), the collected sample was adjusted to pH 3.5. After an overnight incubation, the pH was neutralised and an iron rich solution was added. After 1 h, CZE analysis was carried out. A group of 47 individuals was studied. Parallel serum samples were collected from each investigated subject and the %CDT for each sample was measured using HPLC and CZE techniques. The fpDBS transferrin sialo isoform electropherograms were similar to those obtained with serum. Moreover, fpDBS CZE CDT percentage levels demonstrated significant statistical correlation with those obtained from serum for both HPLC and CZE %CDT ( p < 0.01; r 2 = 0.8913 and 0.8976, respectively), with %CDT from 0.8 to 13.7% for fpDBS and from 0.7 to 12.7% for serum. The newly developed fpDBS procedure for CDT analysis provides a simple and inexpensive tool for use in population screening.
Study on the 3′UTR of LOX-1 gene in Chinese Holstein by PCR-SSCP

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to detect polymorphisms in the lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) gene,the polymorphism of LOX-1's 3′UTR in Chinese Holstein was detected through PCR-SSCP(Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism).The result showed that three genotypes AA,BB and AB of the 3′UTR of LOX-1 gene were found,and the genotype frequency were 0.137 4,0.313 0,0.549 6,respectively in Chinese Holstein.There was highly significant correlation between different genotypes in fat content(P0.05).No significant effect of different genotypes on their ME,protein content and SCS(Somatic Cell Score) was found.These results preliminarily showed that the LOX-1 gene was either a candidate gene that influenced the prolificacy in Chinese Holstein or a molecular marker in close linkage with such a gene.
Pre-Operative Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Aged 65 Years and Over Undergoing Non-Ambulatory Non-Cardiac Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study sought to identify risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) from pre-operative variables in a population of subjects aged over 65. Eligible patients were aged 65 years or over who underwent scheduled non-cardiac, non-ambulatory surgery. Patients with a diagnosis of AKI recorded in the hospital’s databases were considered since cases, from which 300 patients with no diagnosis of AKI, were drawn at random as controls. In total, 81 cases of post-operative AKI and 239 controls were identified. The incidence of post-operative AKI was 2.87%. Pre-operative creatinine level (p = 0.0001), a history of respiratory insufficiency (p = 0.04), prior vascular surgery (p = 0.0001) and abdominal surgery (p = 0.03) were associated with an increased risk of AKI after surgery. These four variables calculated a score and developed a nomogram for predicting occurrence of post-operative AKI. A history of renal disease was associated with increased risk of post-operative AKI, predominantly in cases of vascular or abdominal surgery.
Another view of carbon dioxide and retrolental fibroplasia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— Wolbarsht et al1 advanced several hypotheses in their letter regarding the role of CO2 in retrolental fibroplasia. We take issue with their letter on the following grounds: 1. No evidence is presented that levels of retinal Pco2 rise during O2 induced retinal vasoconstriction. CO2 has a high diffusion coefficient, 20 times that of oxygen2 and we suggest that such CO2 produced in the retina would rapidly diffuse the short distance to the high-flow choroidal circulation. 2.
Photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina of field-grown, high-yield hybrid rice during senescence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous studies with rice (Oryza sativa L.) have shown that the different components of the photosynthetic apparatus are not uniformly synthesized or degraded during senescence. However, while most of those studies have focused on the leaf lamina, few have addressed senescence-associated chloroplast function or leaf physiology. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina in a high-yield hybrid rice cultivar (Liangyoupei 9, LYP9) during the senescence stage. Assimilation and transpiration decreased more slowly in the mid-vein than in the lamina during senescence, suggesting more sustained photosynthesis in the mid-vein, as well as stronger heat dissipation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis suggested that photosynthesis and energy metabolism were less affected by senescence in the mid-vein than in the leaf lamina. During late senescence, the excess energy dissipation in the mid-vein through the xanthophyll cycle had a higher active photosynthetic capacity than in the leaf lamina, and we inferred that the mid-vein and leaf lamina of LYP9 rice differed in terms of their maturation. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of senescence of the rice mid-vein and associated physiology.
Cross-reactive idiotypes in immunoglobulin A-deficient sera.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mice of inbred strains immunized with simple antigens can produce antibodies that share similar V regions, which result in serologic similarities called cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI). In this study, we considered the possibility that IgA-deficient humans, who are continuously immunized via the intestinal tract by dietary protein, might also produce antibodies sharing CRI. For this, anti-casein antibodies were isolated from the blood of 16 adult IgA-deficient donors (4 Finns and 12 North Americans) and an autologous anti-anti-casein from the blood of one of the Finnish donors. In addition, a heterologous anti-anti-casein was raised to the casein-anti-casein immune complexes of this donor. Comparing the activities of the two anti-idiotypes, it was found that both bind anti-casein in the region of the antigen binding site, but that each binds additional determinants not located within this region, with the heterologous reagent having more affinity for these latter determinants than the autologous anti-idiotype. Using both reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition assays, extensive cross-reactivities between anti-caseins were demonstrated. Using the autologous anti-idiotype, 5 of 16 anti-caseins were found to share CRI, and with the heterologous reagent 12 of 16 shared CRI. In both assays, the anti-caseins of Finnish donors displayed more cross-reactivity than those derived from Northern American donors. These studies show that specific, commonly shared CRI can be identified in this human system in which antibodies are raised as a result of natural immunization across the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Effect of Mutations in the Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3′(+)42 Protein Binding Element on RNA Replication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome's 3′ untranslated region contains cis -acting sequences necessary for replication. Studies of MHV and other coronaviruses have indicated a role for RNA secondary and tertiary elements in replication. Previous work in our laboratory has identified four proteins which form ribonucleoprotein complexes with the 3′-terminal 42 nucleotides [3′(+)42] of the MHV genome. Defective interfering (DI) RNA replication assays have demonstrated a role for the 3′(+)42 host protein binding element in the MHV life cycle. Using gel mobility shift RNase T 1 protection assays and secondary structure modeling, we have characterized a possible role for RNA secondary structure in host protein binding to the 3′-terminal 42-nucleotide element. Additionally we have identified a role for the 3′-terminal 42-nucleotide host protein binding element in RNA replication and transcription using DI RNA replication assays and targeted recombination and by directly constructing mutants in this protein binding element using a recently described MHV reverse genetic system. DI RNA replication assays demonstrated that mutations in the 3′(+)42 host protein binding element had a deleterious effect on the accumulation of DI RNA. When the identical mutations were directly inserted into the MHV genome, most mutant genomes were viable but formed smaller plaques than the wild-type parent virus. One mutant was not viable. This mutant directed the synthesis of genome-sized negative-sense RNA approximately as efficiently as the wild type did but had a defect in subgenomic mRNA synthesis. These results point to a potential role for sequences at the extreme 3′ end of the MHV genome in subgenomic RNA synthesis.
Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a spectral range of $23.6$-$45.5$ eV with sub-100-fs time resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surface mapping is demonstrated on graphene-covered Ir(111) with energy and momentum resolutions of $\lesssim$$100$ meV and $\lesssim$$0.1$ $Å^{-1}$, respectively. The table-top experiment sets the stage for measuring the $k_z$-dependent ultrafast dynamics of 3D electronic structure, including band structure, Fermi surface, and carrier dynamics in 3D materials as well as 3D orbital dynamics in molecular layers.
Impact of a dam on wintering waterbirds’ habitat use

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY The degradation, alteration and depletion of riparian habitats caused by river regulation are among critical conservation concerns. Aquatic and riparian habitats support not only river-dwelling biota such as macroinvertebrates and fish, but also waterbirds, the top predators in the aquatic food web. Despite the intimate relationships between fish and waterbirds, the two groups are often investigated separately. Using an integrative approach, we examined the effects of dams on fish and scaly-sided merganser ( Mergus squamatus ), an endangered, iconic riverine species, where the lack of knowledge about habitat preferences greatly hampers long-term conservation efforts. Our analysis quantified three causal links: (1) water depth had direct, comparable, negative effects on both fish and waterbirds, and the path coefficients for fish and birds are –0.31 and –0.46, respectively; (2) river landscape heterogeneity directly and positively affected fish and waterbirds, and the path coefficients for fish and birds are 0.63 and 0.19, respectively; and (3) depth and river landscape also exerted indirect effects on waterbirds through their impacts on fish abundance, and the path coefficients for fish and birds are –0.15 and 0.28, respectively. Our findings could contribute to the rational spatial planning and sustainable operation of dams in that maintaining instream habitat availability and heterogeneity would benefit the whole riverine ecosystem.
P125 LEFT ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR STRAIN, AND 3D–ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR SUBCLINICAL CHEMOTHERAPY–RELATED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IDENTIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cardio–oncology is a recent rapid–developing multidisciplinary approach created by oncologists in accordance with cardiologists with the objective to minimize the adverse cardiovascular effects of contemporary cancer therapy and to maximize the benefits that can be obtained from it. Pre–treatment cancer therapy–related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR–CVT) risk assessment can be performed using HFA–ICOS risk assessment tools, in addition to a careful clinical history analysis, physical examination, ECG, biomarkers, and echocardiography. In our study, the analysis of standard and advanced echocardiographic parameters (left atrial strain or LAS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain or GLS, and 3D echocardiography) were performed at baseline, at three, six, and 12 months timepoints. A number of 53 female patients with breast cancer, scheduled to receive chemotherapy, was enrolled. All patients had basal 3D LVEF values ≥ 50% and a basal GLS &gt; –18,5%. Statistically significant reductions (p&lt;0,001) in 3D LVEF at three, six, and 12 months compared to baseline were found, and in all cases 3D LVEF levels were within the reference values (3D LVEF ≥ 50%). GLS and atrial strain parameters (LASr and LASct) were significantly reduced compared to the baseline at 3 months (GLS p&lt;0.01; LASr p&lt;0,001; LASct p&lt;0,001), 6 months (GLS p&lt;0.05; LASr p&lt;0,001; LASct p&lt;0,001) and 12 months (GLS p&lt;0.01; LASr p&lt;0,05; LASct p&lt;0,01). Moreover, 10 patients out of 53 (18,87%) had asymptomatic cardiotoxicity (expressed by &gt;15% of GLS reduction compared to baseline) after 12 months, and 17 out of 53 patients (32,08%) had atrial dysfunction (expressed by &gt;15% of LASr reduction compared to baseline) after three months. Although atrial dysfunction was not statistically significant in predicting asymptomatic cardiotoxicity (p=0.12), patients with atrial dysfunction at three months have a 3,7 times greater risk of developing asymptomatic cardiotoxicity at 12 months. With our analysis, we found that HFA–ICOS risk score could be considered a predictor of cardiotoxicity at 12 months (p&lt;001). Further studies will be conducted, in order to expand the population and to confirm our results.
Dietary chlorogenic acid regulates gut microbiota, serum-free amino acids and colonic serotonin levels in growing pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has many biological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and is one of the most abundant phenolic acids available in the human diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CGA on regulation of the gut microbiota, and on the levels of free amino acids and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin). Ninety-six healthy growing pigs were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: the Ctrl group (control group, standard feed) and the CGA group [standard feed plus 0.05% 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA)] for 60 days. The diversity of the gut microbiota was increased after CGA supplementation. Changes in these microbes were significantly associated with the serum free amino acid levels and colonic 5-HT level. Compared with the Ctrl group, the levels of serum aspartic acid, threonine, alanine, arginine, and colonic 5-HT were significantly increased (p < .05). These data suggest important roles for CGA in regulating the gut microbiota and increasing the serum free amino acid levels.
Biosecurity measures reducing hepatitis E virus in pig herds – findings of the OHEJP project BIOPIGEE

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract of an oral presentation on results from the OHEJP BIOPIGEE project at the conference of the "22. Fachtagung für Fleisch- und Geflügelfleischhygiene" on March 1st-2nd, 2022, Berlin (online)
Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dan Lingkungan Belajar terhadap Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik di SMPN 5 Lembang Jaya Kabupaten Solok

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasing student learning achievement is influenced by the quality of the learning process in the classroom. Therefore, the learning process will run well if it is supported by teachers who have high competence. This research aims to reveal: 1. Description of teachers' pedagogical competence, 2. Description of the learning environment, 3. Description of students' learning motivation, 4. Significant influence of teachers' pedagogical competence on students' learning motivation, 5. Significant influence of the learning environment on participants' learning motivation students and 6. The significant influence of teacher pedagogical competence and the learning environment on students' learning motivation at SMPN 5 Lembang Jaya. This research uses ex post facto quantitative research methods. The population of this study was 95 people, using random sampling techniques referring to the Slovin formula, a sample of 77 people was obtained. Data collection instruments used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The research results revealed that: (1) The description of teachers' pedagogical competence was categorized as good at 81.87%, (2) The description of the learning environment was categorized as good at 69.64%, (3). The description of students' learning motivation is categorized as high at 72.74%, (4) there is a significant influence between teacher pedagogical competence on students' learning motivation at 56%, (5) there is an insignificant influence of the learning environment on students' learning motivation at 29 %, and (6) there is a significant influence between teacher pedagogical competence and the learning environment on the learning motivation of students at SMPN 5 Lembang Jaya together at 57%.
Association study between polymorphisms of TSC1, TSC2, PTEN genes and autism in Chinese Han population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective
To explore the association between the polymorphisms of TSC1, TSC2, PTEN genes and autism in Chinese Han population.

Methods
274 autism patients and 386 health controls were recruited, and SnaPshot technique was used to genotype the 13 tagSNPs of TSC1, TSC2 and PTEN genes. The allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of the SNPs were compared using SHEsis and SNPStats softwares.

Results
After Bonferroni correction, the allele distribution of rs2809244(TSC1)(χ2=9.537, P=0.002, adjusted P=0.016), rs1050700(TSC1)(χ2=9.313, P=0.002, adjusted P=0.016), rs2072314(TSC2)(P<0.01, adjusted P<0.01)and rs8063461(TSC2)(P<0.01, adjusted P<0.01)showed significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). The genotype frequencies of rs2072314(TSC2)and rs8063461(TSC2) showed significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Moreover, the frequency of haplotype A-G(OR=14.548, 95%CI=5.450-38.830)in the haplotype block rs2809244-rs3761840 showed significant difference between two groups(P<0.05), A-G significantly increases the risk of autism.The frequencies of haplotype A-A(OR=0.608, 95%CI=0.409-0.903, P=0.013), G-A(OR=7.812, 95%CI=5.338-11.459, P<0.01)and G-G (OR=0.356, 95%CI=0.274-0.463, P<0.01) in the haplotype block rs2074969-rs8063461 were identified, which were significant difference between two groups(P<0.05), and A-A and G-G significantly reduced but G-A increased the risk of autism.

Conclusion
The polymorphisms of TSC1 and TSC2 genes might associate with autism in Chinese Han population.

Key words:
Autism; TSC1; TSC2; PTEN; SNPs
[Myringoplasty: onlay vs. underlay. Review of 460 cases].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A retrospective review was made of 460 myringoplasties performed in our department from 1984 to 1990. In 80%, the perforation closed successfully. There were no differences in site, size, cause, or previous operations. Results were statistically better with the onlay technique than with the underlay technique, particularly in large perforations. Poorer results were obtained in younger patients, a difference that almost reached statistical significance. Hearing improved in 64% of patients with closed perforations and hearing deteriorated in 29% (2.1% complete hearing loss).