jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On Bounding a Near-Zero Probability When Zero Occurrences Appear in a Sample

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In attribute sampling, it is sometimes the case that the investigator will report a “zero response” in the sample. This means that where a specific attribute has been defined, no occurrences having the attribute are observed in the sample. When this event occurs, it may be tempting to report a result of “zero defects” or simply that the attribute was not observed within the sample. It may even be concluded that defects are not to be expected from the process or lot since none were observed in the sample. This paper shows that this reasoning is false and shows how to bound the probability of future occurrence of a defined attribute, under various conditions of sampling, when zero occurrences are exhibited in a sample. Several common scenarios of sampling are considered, including sampling from a process, sampling finite or isolated lots, and sampling from a continuum. In addition, some common sampling problems such as errors of misclassification and autocorrelation are considered.
The evolving educational needs of nurses caring for the older adult: a literature review

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

In this paper reporting the findings of a study commissioned by the National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting for Scotland, the intention was to try to identify key sources in the literature concerning the educational needs of staff moving from hospital-based to community-based services for older people. The keywords ‘community nurse education’, ‘elderly nursing’ and ‘community elderly nursing’ were used to search the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE between 1993 and 1997. The results were rather sparse, but the literature that was located emphasised the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to care, supported by shared learning for the professionals involved. 62 references.
35 Voices from Chemistry of Materials: Creativity, Collaboration, and Persistence

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXT35 Voices from Chemistry of Materials: Creativity, Collaboration, and PersistenceCarlos Toro*Carlos Toro*Email: [email protected]More by Carlos Torohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-462X and Sara E. Skrabalak*Sara E. Skrabalak*Email: [email protected]More by Sara E. Skrabalakhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-100XCite this: Chem. Mater. 2023, 35, 8, 3041–3045Publication Date (Web):April 25, 2023Publication History Received4 April 2023Published online25 April 2023Published inissue 25 April 2023https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00794https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00794editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2023 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1235Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Students’ conceptions of radiation and what to do about them

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For good science teaching, it is necessary to have knowledge of your students' preconceptions. Numerous studies have been conducted about typical ideas that students bring to the science classroom in science education research. Unfortunately the domains of which we know preconceptions are not distributed evenly and there is a lack of studies about students' conceptions of electromagnetic radiation. This literature review focuses on the existing body of studies around those conceptions. All studies focusing on conceptions of radiation, including nuclear radiation, have been considered if they were published in international peer reviewed journals in English and German between 1980 and the present day. Some interesting conceptions mentioned in different studies are pointed out, as well as gaps in the literature that need to be filled. At the end, some ideas to conquer misconceptions are presented.
Engineering Herbicide-Tolerance Rice Expressing an Acetohydroxyacid Synthase with a Single Amino Acid Deletion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is an essential enzyme involved in branched amino acids. Several herbicides wither weeds via inhibiting AHAS activity, and the AHAS mutants show tolerance to these herbicides. However, most AHAS mutations are residue substitutions but not residue deletion. Here, residue deletion was used to engineering the AHAS gene and herbicide-tolerant rice. Molecular docking analysis predicted that the W548 of the AHAS was a residue deletion to generate herbicide tolerance. The AHAS-ΔW548 protein was generated in vitro to remove the W548 residue. Interestingly, the deletion led to the tetramer dissociation of the AHAS, while this dissociation did not reduce the activity of the AHAS. Moreover, the W548 deletion contributed to multi-family herbicides tolerance. Specially, it conferred more tolerance to sulfometuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium than the W548L substitution. Further analysis revealed that AHAS-ΔW548 had the best performance on the sulfometuron-methyl tolerance compared to the wild-type control. Over-expression of the AHAS-ΔW548 gene into rice led to the tolerance of multiple herbicides in the transgenic line. The T-DNA insertion and the herbicide treatment did not affect the agronomic traits and yields, while more branched-chain amino acids were detected in transgenic rice seeds. Residue deletion of W548 in the AHAS could be a useful strategy for engineering herbicide tolerant rice. The increase of branched-chain amino acids might improve the umami tastes of the rice.
Republic of Madagascar

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit Madagascar hard, reversing recent progress in per capita income and poverty reduction. GDP is estimated to have contracted by 4.2 percent in 2020. Two RCF disbursements approved on April 3 and July 30 (totaling 2.4 percent of GDP) helped close short-term financing gaps, supported mitigation measures, and contributed to catalyzing donor budget support. The authorities are seeking renewed Fund assistance to help the country face protracted balance of payment needs aggravated by the impact of the pandemic and support the authorities’ reform agenda summarized in the Plan Emergence Madagascar (PEM).
The jury is out – Can the HR managers be the choice architects in a post-pandemic work setting?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of HR managers as choice architects to increase the communication efforts for vaccination drives, thereby making the workplace a safe place for all employees. Design/methodology/approach This study used qualitative research methodology and interviewed 10 HR managers. Findings The findings indicate that HR managers can use the nudge theory and choice architecture to encourage employees towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Practical implications HR professionals will get an alternate perspective regarding how learnings from behavioural economics can be leveraged in a post-pandemic world which can help them create a safe working environment. Originality/value This paper is an attempt to explore how learnings from behavioural economics (that is, nudge theory and choice architecture) can be leveraged by HR managers to design default options while organizing COVID-19 vaccination camps to motivate employees to get fully vaccinated and hence creating a safe working environment.
The Glass State: The Technology of the Spectacle, Paris, 1981--1998

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the Gothic to the contemporary, glass has transformed the structural, formal, and philosophical principles of architecture. In The Glass State, Annette Fierro views the many meanings of transparency in architecture. Specifically, she analyzes the transparent monumental buildings that were built in Paris between 1981 and 1998 as part of Francois Mitterrand's program of Grands Projets. The Grands Projets provide a rare opportunity to study a finite set of buildings constructed of similar materials, in the same time period, in a specific urban landscape, and with related ideological missions.Fierro employs a discourse of the detail, in which the smallest architectural detail manifests the political, theoretical, and urban contexts of the building's design and construction. She examines the paradox of the most pared down architectural configurations being used to support the most complex meanings. Intrinsic to Mitterrand's glass buildings in Paris, for example, is a political concept: the metaphor of accessibility as a means of breaking open cultural institutions previously closed to the public.In addition to the structures of the Grands Projets -- the Institut du Monde Arabe, the Grande and Petite Pyramides du Louvre, the glass greenhouses at utopian park projects at La Villette and Andre Citron and the Bibliotheque nationale de France -- Fierro discusses the Fondation Cartier and two precedent structures, the Centre Georges Pompidou and the Eiffel Tower.
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE POLICIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While theory suggests that information programs may correct market failures and improve welfare, the empirical impacts of these policies remain undetermined. We show that mandatory disclosure programs in the electricity industry achieve stated policy goals. We find that the proportion of fossil fuels decreases, and the proportion of clean fuels increases in response to disclosure programs. However, the programs may produce unintended consequences. For example, programs may make “clean” firms cleaner, while leaving “dirty” firms relatively unchanged. If the marginal benefits of pollution abatement are larger at dirty firms than at clean firms, disclosure programs may induce inefficient abatement allocations. ( JEL D83, Q58, D21)
Legal responsibility for illegal crossing of the state border: foreign experience of legal regulation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the scientific article, the authors conducted a study of foreign experience in prosecuting for illegal crossing of the state border under the laws of neighboring countries and the European Union. Based on the study, the authors concluded that according to foreign legislation on liability for illegal crossing of the state border, such acts are mostly criminal liability (especially post-Soviet states, except Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia and Moldova; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Poland; France; Germany). However, the legislation of many European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Estonia, provides for criminal liability only if there are aggravating circumstances when crossing the state border, providing for administrative liability for crossing the state border in other cases. Such circumstances are: use of force or threat of imminent use of force when crossing the state border, violation of the air border, ignoring the stop signal or order issued by a border guard official, crossing the border by a group of persons or a vehicle in a place not intended to cross the border, repeated offense while crossing the border, causing serious damage to health or life of a border guard official. Similarly, the legal regulation of legal liability for illegal crossing of the state border in Ukraine is an administrative offense, but in the presence of qualifying circumstances (illegal crossing of the state border to harm the interests of the state, as well as illegal crossing of the state border by a person prohibited entry into the territory of Ukraine, or representatives of units of the armed forces or other law enforcement agencies of the aggressor state) – a crime. Belarusian law provides for administrative liability for illegal crossing of the state border for the first time, and criminal liability for repeated offenses. States such as the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Moldova, whose legislation does not provide for criminal liability for illegal entry and illegal stay in the country, consider illegal crossing of the state border exclusively as an administrative offense.
Palm vein for efficient person recognition based on 2D Gabor filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Palm vein recognition is a relatively new method in biometrics. This paper presents an effective palm vein feature extraction approach for improving the efficiency of palm vein identification. In this paper, relevant preprocessing steps as rotation and extraction of the Region of Interest are presented. In feature extraction, multiple 2D Gabor filters with 4 orientations are employed to extract the phase information on a palm vein image, which is then merged into unique feature according to an encoding rule. Hamming distance is used for vein recognition. Experiments are carried on a selfmade palm vein database. Experimental results show that the method in this paper achieved a higher correct recognition rate and a faster speed.
Nuclear Prohibitin3 Maintains Genome Integrity and Cell Proliferation in the Root Meristem through Minichromosome Maintenance 2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The nucleo-mitochondrial dual-localized proteins can act as gene expression regulators; however, few instances of these proteins have been described in plants. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PROHIBITIN 3 (PHB3) is involved in stress responses and developmental processes, but it is unknown how these roles are achieved at the molecular level in the nucleus. In this study, we show that nucleo-mitochondrial PHB3 plays an essential role in regulating genome stability and cell proliferation. PHB3 is up-regulated by DNA damage agents, and the stress-induced PHB3 proteins accumulate in the nucleus. Loss of function of PHB3 results in DNA damage and defective maintenance of the root stem cell niche. Subsequently, the expression patterns and levels of the root stem cell regulators are altered and down-regulated, respectively. In addition, the phb3 mutant shows aberrant cell division and altered expression of cell cycle-related genes, such as CycB1 and Cyclin dependent kinase 1 Moreover, the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) genes, e.g. MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6, and MCM7, are up-regulated in the phb3 mutant. Reducing the MCM2 expression level substantially recovers the DNA damage in the phb3 mutant and partially rescues the altered cell proliferation and root deficiency of phb3 seedlings. PHB3 acts as a transcriptional coregulator that represses MCM2 expression by competitively binding to the promoter E2F-cis-acting elements with E2Fa so as to modulate primary root growth. Collectively, these findings indicate that nuclear-localized PHB3 acts as a transcriptional coregulator that suppresses MCM2 expression to sustain genome integrity and cell proliferation for stem cell niche maintenance in Arabidopsis.
Using AHP Method for Making a Decision on How the Management of Sewage Sludge in the Northern Croatia

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

By 2018, in Croatia, the agglomerations for collecting the sewage and water treatment systems are going to be constructed. All devices will be based on the mechanical-biological method of purification. However, the work of water treatment system produces a problem of sludge management. The paper presents the challenges of wastewater sludge handling and makes a decision on further sludge management. The hierarchical model of the decision making problem by defining the goal, criteria and alternative solutions is developed. On each level of the hierarchical model the elements of the model are compared with each other in pairs, and the preferences are expressed by using the Saaty’s scale. Moreover, the APH model compares the alternative pairs (thermal processing, deposition on agricultural land, disposal to waste repositories and composting) among each others. The intensities and weight preferences of one alternative over another are selected within the required criteria (economic, environmental, organisational and sociological).
Model-checking timed automata with deadlines with Uppaal

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Timed automata with deadlines (TAD) are a form of timed automata that admit a more natural representation of urgent actions, with the additional advantage of avoiding the most common form of timelocks. We offer a compositional translation of a practically useful subset of TAD to timed safety automata (the well-known variant of timed automata where time progress conditions are expressed by invariants). More precisely, we translate networks of TAD to the modeling language of Uppaal , a state-of-the-art verification tool for timed automata. We also describe an implementation of this translation, which allows Uppaal to aid the design and analysis of TAD models.
SEVERE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN CAMEROON: ASSOCIATED WITH THE GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE M1 NULL GENOTYPE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a family of enzymes involved in phase-II detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Polymorphisms in GST genes have been associated with susceptibility to different diseases. In this study we determined the frequencies of polymorphisms in GSTM1 , GSTT1 , and GSTP1 in DNA of 138 children from Cameroon, presenting with uncomplicated malaria ( N = 19), malaria with minor complications ( N = 81), or severe malaria ( N = 38). Analyses of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were performed using PCR-multiplex procedure, while GSTP1 was done by PCR-RFLP. Subjects presenting with malaria with complications were found more often of the GSTM1 -null genotype (58–64%) as compared with those with uncomplicated malaria (32%), a difference that was statistically significant. We conclude that the GSTM1 -null genotype is associated with malaria with complications.
Hesperopithecus, the First Anthropoid Primate Found in America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The consumption of opportunistic foods is part of the behavioral repertoire used by hominins for subsistence. The acquisition of opportunistic animal resources is sometimes associated with stressful conditions. But, there are other conditions ...The acquisition of opportunistic animal resources by hunter-gatherers—such as scavenged carcasses—is a well-known subsistence strategy. It is frequently mentioned in the context of the history of early human evolution, but not regularly considered among ...
THE ROLE OF INTERMITTENT FOOD IN THE INDUCTION OF ATTACK IN PIGEONS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present experiments evaluated whether transitions in reinforcer probability are necessary to induce attack in pigeons. In Experiment I, three of six pigeons exposed to response‐contingent constant‐probability food schedules and a photograph of a conspecific as a target exhibited sustained postreinforcement attack on the target. The postreinforcement pattern of attack developed over the course of the experiment and was accompanied by a reduction in the rate of postreinforcement key pecking and an increase in the postreinforcement pause in key pecking. These effects on key pecking resulted in unprogrammed variations in the probability of reinforcement which may have been responsible for the induction of attack. In Experiment II, the attack‐inducing properties of a constant‐probability response‐independent food schedule were compared to a periodic food schedule matched for overall rate of food delivery and to a no‐food condition. In addition to attack, the spatial location of the subjects was monitored during each interfood interval. The periodic and aperiodic food schedules generated very different patterns of spatial location. Postfood attack was induced by both food schedules, although the constant‐probability schedule induced attack in fewer birds. The no‐food condition was not effective in inducing attack in any birds. These experiments indicate that intermittent food schedules without reductions in reinforcer probability are sufficient to induce attack in some pigeons, although not as effective as schedules with transitions in reinforcer probability.
Idiotypic Multireactivity of ‘Natural’ Antibodies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

One hundred and twenty IgM‐secreting hybridomas derived from unmanipulated 6‐day‐old BALB/c mice were screened for reactivity with the prototype idiotypic and anti‐idiotypic monoclonal antibodies, defining three well established systems, namely TEPC 15:10/13–15, J558:CD3.2, and MOPC 460:F6(51). Up to 25% of all IgM antibodies reacted with at least one of the six specific ligands, half of the latter being ‘monospecific’, the others reacting with two or more aniibodies. A detailed analysis of the four most multi‐reactive clones showed individually specific patterns of reactivity and revealed reactions of the same IgM molecule in idiotypic systems previously studied independently. Furthermore, when tested for functional interactions with syngeneic helper T cells expressing MOPC 460‐like clonotypes, one of these antibodies was found to inhibit effector helper activity. The results show the existence of ‘natural antibodies’ with idiotypic reactivities related to recurrent clonotypes in the strain. They may be either ‘specific’ or ‘mullireactive’, and might connect idiotypes on T and B cells and on antigenic systems so far studied independently.
Improvement of Legal Regulation of Practical Training of Students of Higher Educational Institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction. Combining vocational education and the labor market should give rise to new legal models with the participation of employers. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to find conditions and proposals for creating such models. Methodology. In the course of the study, the method of scientific analysis, formal-logical, system-structural, comparative-legal, technical-legal methods were applied. Results. The article notes that the legal regulation has been updated, but this has no effect. It is necessary to have goals and a conceptual apparatus, forecasts of legal regulation. Legal regulation must be comprehensive, take into account the interest of participants in public relations and potential risks. Models of interaction between educational organizations and employers can be diverse. The best model is cooperation through public-professional associations. The concept of “practical training” is formulated, the status of the subjects of relations in the field of practical training is determined. Conclusion. The analysis and conclusions can be used to create new laws.