jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ecological Protection Redlines’ Positive Impact on Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Hainan Island, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The establishment of the ecological protection redline (EPR) in China plays a crucial role in safeguarding key ecological functional areas and sustaining biodiversity. Besides their significance, the impact of these redlines on regional carbon sequestration remains unclear due to current inconsistencies in their implementation and adjustment. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of the evolution of two EPR versions on Hainan Island and employs the InVEST model to assess the effects of two EPR areas on regional carbon storage between 2000 and 2020. Additionally, a spatial autoregressive model is integrated to explore the socioeconomic and environmental driving mechanisms behind changes in regional carbon storage, thereby revealing complex interactions between ecological protection policy adjustments and ecosystem services of carbon storage. Key findings include: (1) The 2022 EPR area has improved the management of ecological protection boundaries, permanent cultivated land, and urban development boundaries, outperforming the 2016 version, particularly in control of construction land and water resource management. (2) The EPR2022 exhibits higher carbon storage per area, indicating a more effective zoning system. The increase in carbon storage is primarily observed in transitions from cultivated land to forest, grassland to forest, and water bodies to grassland. (3) Elevation exhibits a relatively strong positive correlation with carbon storage within the EPRs, with high-altitude areas typically encompassing the core zones of tropical rainforest national parks that possess diverse vegetation and stable ecosystems, conducive to maintaining or increasing carbon storage. Evaluating the efficacy of the EPR in enhancing regional carbon storage is critical for refining management strategies and achieving carbon neutrality goals. Future strategies should incorporate a comprehensive analysis of ecosystem services of carbon storage into the EPR framework to enhance multiple ecosystem functions, thereby establishing a resilient and functionally stable ecological landscape. This research introduces an insightful estimation method crucial for developing more effective ecological protection policies and provides valuable insights for managing ecological protection areas globally.
A remote expert wound nurse consultation intervention for pressure injury prevention and management: intervention design and results of a feasibility study and pilot randomised controlled trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The need for equitable access to specialist wound management nurses and building of capacity in the aged care work force was the impetus for a project that sought to innovate the care provided to residents of aged care who have or are at risk of pressure injuries. The project included the design and evaluation of a remote expert wound nurse consultation intervention.
Atmospheric dispersion in oblique imaging from an airborne platform

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a stand-off imaging scenario from a high-altitude airborne platform, the camera line-of-sight (LOS) passes through atmosphere layers of variable density at an oblique angle. Dispersion blur arises because of wavelength-dependent refraction in the atmosphere. In visible-and-near-infrared (VNIR) spectral band the atmospheric dispersion is significant and has some effect onto resolution performance in LOS elevation dimension. Historically the atmospheric refraction and dispersion issues were studied and analyzed in astronomy, considering an infinitely distant celestial body imaged by a ground-based telescope. The calculation involves an atmosphere properties model as well as an expression for air refractive index as function of pressure, temperature and humidity. However, a straightforward application of the star–to-ground telescope refraction formulae to the ground target–toairborne camera case leads to incorrect results. In the latter case boundary conditions for light ray refraction are different, since the ground target-to-camera distance is finite rather than infinite. There are dispersion-related ray angle differences both at departure of light from the target and on arrival to the camera. Only the latter part of the overall atmospheric dispersion is perceived at the camera and causes image blur. An iterative method of the camera-perceived dispersion calculation is presented. Parametric study results illustrate the dispersion dependence on camera altitude and LOS zenith angle. The model results are validated by comparison to vertical-to-horizontal sharpness ratio statistics calculated from images taken by Condor2 cameras at various ranges. The dispersion-related NIIRS grade loss is relatively small, and in most practical cases no optical compensation of the atmospheric dispersion is necessary.
Evaluation and the Impact of Information Technologies on People in Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Micro-electronic-based technologies will have profound effects on the relationships between people, machines, work, and productivity. Present policies towards them, however, place an overwhelming emphasis on technological and economic considerations. An “innovation approach” to the diffusion of technology predominates, linked to a unitary concept of organization, an antagonistic view of participation and efficiency, and a short-term “cost substitution” approach to evaluation. One alternative is suggested by the emphasis in the organization theory literature that organizations are social rather than rational systems containing a plurality of interest groups. On this view, it is as unrealistic to attempt to segregate technical and economic considerations from social and psychological ones, as it is to separate short-term effects from long-term outcomes. Evaluation is seen as a central part of a complex and incremental planning process. Yet this approach is often presented as little more than a strategy to minimize possible resistance to the introduction of the technologies. There is an important need to seek to influence opinion and practice to ensure that the technologies are used to increase peoples' opportunities for self-determination at work rather than simply to seek for ways in which the new technologies can smoothly be introduced. Drawing from attempts over the past 20 years to improve the quality of working life through the promotion of job redesign theory, a general approach to the issue is outlined. It is argued that psychological and social planning is an essential part of the introduction of the new technologies, that evaluation should focus on developing goals, processual issues, and incremental change rather than on how far predetermined objectives are reached. Appropriate evaluation of the new technologies is an activity of importance, offering opportunities to help ensure that psychological and social issues are given attention comparable to that received by technical and economic concerns.
CONCEPTUALIZING DRIVERS OF POLICY CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FOOD SECURITY: THE KALEIDOSCOPE MODEL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current emphasis in the development community on demonstrating policy impact requires a better understanding of national policymaking processes to recognize opportunities for, and limits to, generating policy change. Consequently, this paper introduces an applied framework, named the kaleidoscope model, to analyze drivers of change in the food security arena, with a specific emphasis on agriculture and nutrition policies. Focusing on five key elements of the policy cycle—agenda setting, design, adoption, implementation, and evaluation and reform—the model identifies key variables that define the necessary and sufficient conditions for policy change to occur. These variables were inductively derived through an extensive review of the secondary literature on episodes of policy change in developing countries across a broad range of policy domains related to food security, including agriculture, education, healthcare, nutrition, and social protection.
CIVIL DEFENSE ORGANIZATION AND MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES IN CIVIL DEFENSE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In World War II, the United States was able to marshal its strength and equip its armies while protected by redoubts that are no longer effective. Without warning, the modern bomber and the fifth columist may now strike devastating blows that could destroy our potential capacity to strike back. Our factories and farms, our railroads and mines could be rendered powerless to forge the mighty machine that would be needed to retaliate in kind on the homeland of the enemy.Our armed forces would prevent much of this destruction, to be sure. Complete military defense is impossible, however, and a paralyzing blow could be dealt our military potential. We, as civilians, can prevent this paralysis. Indeed, we must, for it is our responsibility and ours alone. Not only our industrial capacity and innumerable lives but the actual success of our military operations will depend on the adequacy of our civil
Application of hot-melt extrusion technique in pharmaceutical research

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hot-melt extrusion(HME)is the process of pumping raw materials with a rotating screw under the elevated temperature and pressure through a die to from a product with the uniform shape. This technique combines many advantages of solid dispersion technology and mechanical preparation,including dust reduction,short duration of extrusion process,without use of organic solvents and water,without heat drying and hydrolysis,etc. In addition,it has the superiority in solubility,taste masking,drug stability and drug release. Besides,this technique has good reproducibility,high production efficiency,and it can be online monitored in the mass production. Therefore,this technique is widely used in the research and development of drug dosage forms involved in rapid and immediate drug release,sustained drug release,gastrointestinal drug site-specific release, transdermal drug delivery systems and so on. This paper reviews the advantages of HME and its recent application in the pharmaceutical research.
[DOWNLOAD $PDF$] Off Grid Solar: A handbook for Photovoltaics with Lead-Acid or Lithium-Ion batteries Full AudioBook

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

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Breeding Systems of Several Vicia Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Information on the breeding system of plants is crucial for maintenance of accessions in germplasm banks. Controlled pollination experiments were conducted in the field to determine the breeding systems of several Vicia species. Vicia articulata Hornem., V. benghalensis L., V. ervilla (L.) Willd., V. lutea L., and V. sativa L. were automatic self‐fertilizing species. Vicia pannonica Crantz was nonautomatic self‐fertilizing. Vicia villosa Roth ssp. villosa and V. villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corbiere were cross‐fertilizing. Therefore, regeneration of the accessions of the latter two species requires the use of procedures that provide isolation from foreign pollen.
Social Networking for Adddressing Teacher Isolation: A Phenomenographic Inquiry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract \nGiven the recalcitrant effects of isolation and individualism and the barriers to organizational change, the purpose of this study is to put theory into practice by creating a social network for connecting in-service teachers, pre-service teachers and university faculty on one informal platform. Research has indicated a synergistic relationship between professional learning community development and technology integration, (Dexter, Seashore, & Anderson, 2002; Williams, Atkinson, Cate & O’Hair, 2008) and these components have been found to be mutually influential in the support of systemic school change and improved student success; however, the investment of billions of dollars in educational technology has yielded mixed results in terms of impact on teacher isolation. To reveal initiatives that contribute to the development and sustainability of a systemic change process, a closer examination of a new, enhancing experience that includes various stages of teacher development is warranted. \n This perspective-seeking study monitors individual support within a social network. This study employs a phenomenographical design in order to more fully understand the lived experiences of twenty teachers in their use of online social network as well as teacher perceptions of the effects of the online community to overcome isolation. In creating a meta-network of professional learning communities, a culture was established and the lived experiences of the phenomenon were generated. From the data, five categories emerged as the collective lived experiences of the participants: affinity space, professional growth, outside expertise, discourse and collaboration. The five identified categories were classified into a hierarchy and relationships among and between the categories were identified. The outcome space identified the categories as a product of the lived experience but isolation was identified as the rationale for participation. The participants who self-identified as isolated were the most participatory in the online setting. This study identified ways to develop, strengthen, and extend professional learning communities beyond the constraints of time and place and have important implications on professional development, movements in reform and the development of new communicative technologies and their application to teaching and learning.
Divvying the Dollars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Local governments in Georgia are empowered to levy a 1 percent local option sales tax (LOST), approved by referendum at the county level and is distributed to the county and qualified municipal governments (The terms city and municipality are used interchangeably throughout this article, per OCGA 36.30.1.). Distribution shares are not based on a strict formula but rather are renegotiated at certain trigger points, including the decennial census. Using a multiple regression model, this research analyzes contextual and management factors, finding the strongest predictors of increased LOST revenue share by cities to be designation as county seat, fewer fellow municipalities, and higher reliance on LOST in the city’s total revenue stream.
A Nationwide Study of Mortality in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disorder The patients with borderline personality disorder have been found to have an extensive use of treatment, high rates of emergency contacts and high rates of suicide. The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and The Danish Register for Causes of Death are nationwide and make it possible to follow psychiatric patients over long periods. Thus the registers can be used to look into mortality and causes of death in one specific patient group. To determine the standardized mortality ratio and causes of death in patients with borderline personality disorder. First-ever diagnoses of borderline personality disorder (ICD-10: F60.31) between 1995 and 2011 were identified in the nationwide registers together with time and causes of death. Age- and gender standardized mortality ratio were calculated comparing to the general Danish population. Causes of death were categorized as natural death, accident, suicide, violence or not specified. A total of 11,450 patients with a borderline personality disorder diagnosis were identified in the period, of which 87.1 % female. The standardized mortality ratio of the whole period is 4.8 (95%-CI: 4.1-5.4). In the recent 5 years it is stabilized around 3.5 (95%-CI: 2.7-4.2). The preliminary results of a roughly four times higher mortality in the patients with borderline personality disorder confirm the disorder to be of great severity and high costs to society. Download : Download full-size image
Computed tomography ‐guided radiofrequency ablation of cervical intervertebral discs for the treatment of refractory cervicogenic headache: A retrospective chart review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of cervical intervertebral discs for the treatment of discogenic cervicogenic headache (CEH). Background Some patients with CEH experience no obvious therapeutic effect after conventional therapy, particularly patients with refractory CEH originating from abnormal cervical intervertebral discs. Treatment for this type of CEH remains poorly characterized. Methods Using a single intervention arm, pretest/posttest design, we retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent CT‐guided RFA of cervical intervertebral discs for CEH at the Pain Medicine Center of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2017 to April 2021. If conservative treatment failed in patients with discogenic CEH, we classified the patients as having refractory CEH and performed RFA of cervical intervertebral discs. We used a numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity for 6 months. We also compared therapeutic outcome of patients with different characteristics. Results A total of 44 patients who underwent CT‐guided RFA of cervical intervertebral discs were enrolled and 41 of them were analyzed in the present study. The preoperative median (25th, 75th) NRS score was 4 (4, 5), and it was significantly reduced to 1 (0, 4) 6 months after RFA ( p < 0.001). The number of patients with ≥50% of their pain relieved after 6 months was 28 of 41 (68%). No serious treatment‐related complications occurred in this study. Compared with single‐level RFA, multi‐level RFA shows greater effects on pain intensity reduction ( p = 0.032) and pain relief rate ( p = 0.047) of patients. Conclusion In patients who have discogenic CEH, CT‐guided RFA of the cervical intervertebral discs appears to be a promising treatment with no serious complications.
Pessimism, “Darwinism,” and the Value of Life in Hartmann and Nietzsche

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the Germany of the 1860s and 1870s, the problem of the value of life was urgently debated, as a consequence of the two culture-defining systems of thought that had risen to prominence in those decades—Schopenhauerian Weltschmerz and the theory of evolution—and the degree to which they could be reconciled. On one hand, the struggle for existence affirmed the pessimistic inference as to the suffering and meaninglessness of the cosmos; on the other, it appeared to promise moral and material improvement in human affairs. This article reconstructs the historical connections between the emergence of pessimism and Darwinism, most clearly represented by the work of Eduard von Hartmann, and it argues that Nietzsche’s programmatic statements on life, culture, and pessimism, from the Untimely Meditations on, are best understood in light of this context and his engagement with Hartmann’s writings.
DDDDRRaW: A Prototype Toolkit for Distributed Rendering on Commodity Clusters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe DDDDRRaW, a prototype toolkit for real-time rendering on clusters of commodity computers. In contrast to most work on cluster computing, DDDDRRaW supports a repeated, low-latency computation, the drawing of frames, which must take place on a time scale of 30-100 ms. DDDDRRaW employs Image Layer Decomposition, a rendering-specific work partitioning algorithm described and evaluated via simulation in [13]. In this paper, we address implementation issues not confronted in the design of ILD. In particular, one important issue that must be confronted is how to exploit the potential parallelism afforded by the multiple hardware resources of each node: the CPU, the network adapter, and the video card. We evaluate DDDDRRaW’s live performance on two small workstation clusters representing different points in the technology spectrum. Our results show that DDDDRRaW effectively exploits cluster resources to improve real-time rendering performance and should scale well to moderately sized clusters. 1