jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Smoking Affects the Post-Stroke Inflammatory Response of Lipid Mediators in a Gender-Related Manner

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main goal of our study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on selected derivatives of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, DHA, and EPA, which may be markers of post-stroke inflammation. The eicosanoid profile was compared in both smoking and non-smoking patients, without division and with division into gender. In the group of non-smokers, we observed higher levels of the linolenic acid derivative (LA) 9S HODE (p ≤ 0.05) than in smokers. However, after dividing the results by sex, it turned out that the level of this derivative was higher in non-smoking women compared to smoking women (p ≤ 0.01) and did not differentiate the group of men. Similarly, the level of the arachidonic acid metabolite LTX A4 (p ≤ 0.05) differed only in the group of women. In this group, we also observed a decreased level of 15S HETE in smoking women, but it was statistically insignificant (p ≤ 0.08). On the other hand, the level of this derivative was statistically significantly higher in the group of non-smoking women compared to male non-smokers. The group of men was differentiated by two compounds: TXB2 and NPD1. Male smokers had an almost two-fold elevation of TXB2 (p ≤ 0.01) compared with non-smokers, and in this group, we also observed an increased level of NPD1 compared with male non-smokers. On the other hand, when comparing female non-smokers and male non-smokers, in addition to the difference in 15S HETE levels, we also observed elevated levels of TXB2 in the group of non-smokers. We also analyzed a number of statistically significant correlations between the analyzed groups. Generally, men and women smokers showed a much smaller amount of statistically significant correlations than non-smokers. We believe that this is related to the varying degrees of inflammation associated with acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke response. On the one hand, tobacco smoke inhibits the activity of enzymes responsible for the conversion of fatty acids, but on the other hand, it can cause the failure of the inflammatory system, which is also the body’s defense mechanism. Smoking cigarettes is a factor that increases oxidative stress even before the occurrence of a stroke incident, and at the same time accelerates it and inhibits post-stroke repair mechanisms. This study highlights the effect of smoking on inflammation in both genders mediated by lipid mediators, which makes smoking cessation undeniable.
How Does Habitat Patch Size Affect Animal Movement? An Experiment with Darkling Beetles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We used an experimental model system consisting of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae, Eleodes obsoleta Say) in a microlandscape to assess the effects of habitat patch size on the movement patterns of animals. The ratio of habitat area to nonhabitat in a 25-m2 "microlandscape" was held constant while the grain of patchiness (patch size) was varied in four treatments. Beetle movement pathways were electronically surveyed, and seven pathway metrics were used to quantify movement characteristics. ANOVA and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Difference post hoc comparisons revealed that both the presence and the grain of spatial heterogeneity influenced how animals moved through landscapes. Intermediate patch sizes elicited the strongest behavioral responses, whereas movements were similar between finely patchy landscapes with small habitat patches and coarsely patchy landscapes with larger habitat patches. These results indicate that organisms may use landscapes that possess different configurations of habitat in similar ways. Predicting how organisms respond to spatial heterogeneity therefore requires an assessment of how organisms use landscapes, in addition to an assessment of the structural characteristics of landscapes, such as grain size.
Serum Level of Interleukin-33 in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients and Its Relation with Disease Parameters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) represents a chronic, progressively inflammatory condition characterized by persistent inflammation, bone erosion, and development of syndesmophytes.The mechanism behind AS development has been the subject of various investigations.However, the involvement of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in AS has not been fully addressed.Objectives: The aim of this work was to assess serum IL-33 in AS patients versus controls, and elucidate its correlation with AS activity, function, sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and other AS disease indices.Patients and Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with AS had been included in this study, matched by age and sex to thirty healthy individuals.For all patients, assessment of sacroiliitis, peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, and assessment of different AS indices were done.IL-33 levels were measured in serum of both patients and controls.Results: Serum IL-33 appeared to be significantly increased in AS patients (380.7 ± 296.8 pg/ml) compared to controls (45.2 ± 28.11 pg/ml) (p<0.001).Active AS patients exhibited markedly elevated IL-33 levels (678.1 ± 312.3 pg/ml) compared to their inactive counterparts (208.4 ± 49.3 pg/ml).IL-33 demonstrated a robust positive correlation with disease activity, yet showed no association with arthritis, sacroiliitis, or enthesitis.Conclusions: Serum Il-33 was significantly higher in AS patients than control group.Serum IL-33 levels showed statistically significant correlations with AS disease activity, while displaying no discernible correlations with enthesitis, sacroiliitis, or peripheral arthritis.This could make it possible to include serum IL-33 as a part in the core set evaluation of AS disease activity.
The ST2/Interleukin-33 Axis in Hematologic Malignancies: The IL-33 Paradox

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a chromatin-related nuclear interleukin that is a component of IL-1 family. IL-33 production augments the course of inflammation after cell damage or death. It is discharged into the extracellular space. IL-33 is regarded as an “alarmin” able to stimulate several effectors of the immune system, regulating numerous immune responses comprising cancer immune reactions. IL-33 has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenesis. However, as far as this cytokine is concerned, we are faced with what has sometimes been defined as the IL-33 paradox. Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of IL-33 to numerous malignancies, where it may have pro- and—less frequently—antitumorigenic actions. In the field of hematological malignancies, the role of IL-33 seems even more complex. Although we can affirm the existence of a negative role of IL-33 in Chronic myelogenos leukemia (CML) and in lymphoproliferative diseases and a positive role in pathologies such as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the action of IL-33 seems to be multiple and sometimes contradictory within the same pathology. In the future, we will have to learn to govern the negative aspects of activating the IL-33/ST2 axis and exploit the positive ones.
HERB: Decision Model for Postemergence Weed Control in Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract To efficiently use postemergence herbicides, decision makers must determine when weed populations exceed economic treatment thresholds. An interactive microcomputer program named HERB has been developed to help evaluate potential crop damage from multi‐species weed complexes in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and determine the appropriate course of action. Seventy‐six weed species were rated on a scale of zero to 10 according to their competitiveness with soybean. Potential yield loss is estimated from these rankings, the number of weeds of each species present in the field, and expected weed‐free yield. The recommendation whether to apply a herbicide and, if so, which one, is based on herbicide cost and efficacies under different conditions and expected soybean selling price. Alternative herbicide choices are ranked according to expected net return. HERB is intended to provide the latest research information in an organized and easily usable format. The approach should be applicable to other crops and pests.
Second-generation antipsychotic medications and risk of chronic kidney disease in schizophrenia: population-based nested case–control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The study aims to compare the risk of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) between patients with schizophrenia using first and second-generation antipsychotics. Setting Datasets of 2000–2013 National Health Insurance in Taiwan were used. Participants The National Health Insurance reimbursement claims data have been transferred to and managed by the National Health Research Institute in Taiwan since 1996. We used the Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claims database, a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database, comprising a cohort of patients hospitalised for psychiatric disorders between 2000 and 2013 (n=2 67 807). The database included patients with at least one psychiatric inpatient record and one discharge diagnosis of mental disorders coded by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes 290–319. The age of patients at first admission was restricted to 18–65 years. Primary outcome CKD (ICD-9 code 582, 583, 585, 586, 588) requiring hospitalisation or three outpatient visits. The diagnosis of CKD follows the criteria of ‘Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes’ in Taiwan. CKD is defined as a kidney damage as albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g in two of three spot urine specimens or glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months or more. Results We found that the risks for CKD were higher for those who used second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) longer cumulatively than those who did not. Using non-users, patients did not have any SGA records, as reference group, the risks for CKD comparing those using SGAs for 90 to 180 days with non-users and those using SGAs for more than 1000 days were 1.42 (1.06–1.91) and 1.30 (1.13–1.51), respectively. Conclusions The current study suggests the relationship between using SGAs and risk of CKD.
Protein Phosphorylation Controls Translation Rates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein synthesis consumes a significant proportion of the available energy of eucaryotic cells. Rates of protein synthesis are regulated, thereby integrating the translation process with other metabolic pathways of the cell. For example, altered translation rates occur at fertilization, during mitosis, upon nutrient starvation or stress, and following treatment with hormones or growth factors. In many of these cases, transla- tion rates change within minutes of the inductive events and are readily reversed, suggesting that the regulatory mecha- nisms involve rapid changes in the specific activities
CMS to mandate state reporting of BH quality data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) could require states to report additional health quality data — including more behavioral health quality data, Behavioral Health Business reported Aug. 14. A proposed rule released on Aug. 11, if finalized, would make it mandatory for states to report behavioral health measures on the 2022 Core Set of Adult Health Care Quality Measures for Medicaid. States were doing so under a voluntary basis, but CMS is seeking to make it mandatory moving forward.
Sobolev-type embeddings for neural network approximation spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider neural network approximation spaces that classify functions according to the rate at which they can be approximated (with error measured in $L^p$) by ReLU neural networks with an increasing number of coefficients, subject to bounds on the magnitude of the coefficients and the number of hidden layers. We prove embedding theorems between these spaces for different values of $p$. Furthermore, we derive sharp embeddings of these approximation spaces into Hölder spaces. We find that, analogous to the case of classical function spaces (such as Sobolev spaces, or Besov spaces) it is possible to trade "smoothness" (i.e., approximation rate) for increased integrability. Combined with our earlier results in [arXiv:2104.02746], our embedding theorems imply a somewhat surprising fact related to "learning" functions from a given neural network space based on point samples: if accuracy is measured with respect to the uniform norm, then an optimal "learning" algorithm for reconstructing functions that are well approximable by ReLU neural networks is simply given by piecewise constant interpolation on a tensor product grid.
Although Macrophage-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Can Exhibit a Range of Pathogenic Phenotypes, a Majority of Isolates Induce No Clinical Disease in Immunocompetent Macaques

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Unlike prototypical lentiviruses like visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses, which are mainly macrophage tropic (M-tropic), primate lentiviruses primarily target CD4 + T lymphocytes. We previously reported that during the late phase of highly pathogenic chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections of rhesus macaques, when CD4 + T cells have been systemically eliminated, high levels of viremia are maintained from productively infected macrophages. The availability of several different M-tropic SHIVs from such late-stage immunocompromised animals provided the opportunity to assess whether they might contribute to the immune deficiency induced by their T-cell-tropic parental viruses or possibly cause a distinct disease based on their capacity to infect macrophages. Pairs of rhesus monkeys were therefore inoculated intravenously with six different M-tropic SHIV preparations, and their plasma viral RNA loads, circulating lymphocyte subset numbers, and eventual disease outcomes were monitored. Only one of these six M-tropic SHIVs induced any disease; the disease phenotype observed was the typical rapid, complete, and irreversible depletion of CD4 + T cells induced by pathogenic SHIVs. An analysis of two asymptomatic monkeys, previously inoculated with an M-tropic SHIV recovered directly from alveolar macrophages, revealed that this inoculum targeted alveolar macrophages in vivo, compared to a T-cell-tropic virus, yet no clinical disease occurred. Although one isolate did, in fact, induce the prototypical rapid, irreversible, and complete loss of CD4 + T cells, indicating that M-tropism and pathogenicity may not be inversely related, the majority of M-tropic SHIVs induced no clinical disease in immunocompetent macaques.
Iron Porphyrin−Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complex as a Functional\nModel of Myoglobin in Aqueous Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The 1:1 inclusion complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato iron(II) (Fe<sup>II</sup>TPPS) and an O-methylated\nβ-cyclodextrin dimer having a pyridine linker (<b>1</b>) binds dioxygen reversibly in aqueous solution. The O<sub>2</sub> adduct was\nvery stable (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 30.1 h) at pH 7.0 and 25 °C. ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic measurements and molecular\nmechanics (MM) calculations indicated the inclusion of the sulfonatophenyl groups at the 5- and 15-positions of\nFe<sup>III</sup>TPPS or Fe<sup>II</sup>TPPS into two cyclodextrin moieties of <b>1</b> to form a supramolecular 1:1 complex (hemoCD1 for the\nFe<sup>II</sup>TPPS complex), whose iron center is completely covered by two cyclodextrin moieties. Equilibrium measurements\nand laser flash photolysis provided the affinities (\n\n\nand\n\n\n) and rate constants for O<sub>2</sub> and CO binding of\nhemoCD1 (\n\n\n,\n\n\n,\n\n\n, and <i>k</i>\n\n\n). The CO affinity relative to the O<sub>2</sub> affinity of hemoCD1 was abnormally high.\nAlthough resonance Raman spectra suggested weak back-bonding of d<sub>π</sub>(Fe) → π*(CO) and hence a weak CO−Fe bond, the CO adduct of hemoCD1 was very stable. The hydrophobic CO molecule dissociated from CO-hemoCD1 hardly breaks free from a shallow cleft in hemoCD1 surrounded by an aqueous bulk phase leading to\nfast rebinding of CO to hemoCD1. Isothermal titration calorimetry furnished the association constant (<i>K</i><sup>O2</sup>), Δ<i>H</i>°,\nand Δ<i>S</i>° for O<sub>2</sub> association to be (2.71 ± 0.51) × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, −65.2 ± 4.4 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, and −133.9 ± 16.1 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>,\nrespectively. The autoxidation of oxy-hemoCD1 was accelerated by H<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup>. The inorganic anions also\naccelerated the autoxidation of oxy-hemoCD1. The O<sub>2</sub>−Fe<sup>II</sup> bond is equivalent to the O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>−Fe<sup>III</sup> bond, which is\nattacked by the inorganic anions or the water molecule to produce met−hemoCD1 and a superoxide anion.
Supplemental Material3 - Supplemental material for Seedling Selection Using Molecular Approach for Ex Situ Conservation of Critically Endangered Tree Species (Vatica bantamensis (Hassk.) Benth. & Hook. ex Miq.) in Java, Indonesia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material3 for Seedling Selection Using Molecular Approach for Ex Situ Conservation of Critically Endangered Tree Species (Vatica bantamensis (Hassk.) Benth. & Hook. ex Miq.) in Java, Indonesia by Yayan Wahyu C. Kusuma, Siti R. Ariati, Rosniati A. Risna, Chika Mitsuyuki, Yoshihisa Suyama and Yuji Isagi in Tropical Conservation Science
Effectiveness of a Drinking and Driving Campaign on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Among Drivers in Addis Ababa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, road traffic crashes represent a major public health challenge. Driving under the influence of alcohol (drink driving) is a risk factor for road traffic crashes. Mass media campaigns can reduce the prevalence of drink driving. Few studies to date have evaluated the influence of anti-drink-driving campaigns on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of an anti-drink-driving campaign on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around drinking and driving in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The “Never Drink and Drive” campaign ran on media outlets in Addis Ababa and consisted of evidence-informed messages on the consequences of drink driving. Data for this study comes from two representative household surveys conducted among a sample of adult drivers aged 18–55 years in Addis Ababa pre-campaign ( n = 721) and post-campaign ( n = 721). Multivariate logistic regression is used to estimate the effects of the campaign on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to drink driving. Results: After the campaign, participants were significantly more likely to have improved knowledge and attitudes about drink driving: post-campaign participants were significantly more likely to report feeling unsafe about drink driving ( OR = 1.51, p &lt; 0.05). Social norms showed a positive shift: post-campaign participants were over six and a half times more likely to report that someone talked to them about drink driving ( OR = 6.52, p &lt; 0.05). After the campaign, participants demonstrated improved knowledge and attitudes around drink driving laws and enforcement, including that they were significantly more likely to agree that they would be caught by police for drink driving ( OR = 12.66, p &lt; 0.1). Behavior also improved—post-campaign participants reported significantly lower rates of driving soon after drinking alcohol, compared with pre-campaign participants (31 vs. 42%). Conclusion: The anti-drink-driving campaign achieved gains in knowledge, improved attitudes, and reduced drinking and driving, which could help to curb road traffic crashes in Addis Ababa. This study offers some of the first evidence that an anti-drink-driving campaign, combined with enhanced enforcement of road safety laws, can be effective in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around drink driving in low-income countries.
Institutions (RUI) grant Analytical and Experimental Study of Articular Cartilage Growth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: US based early career researchers (Associate Professor and two graduate students) traveled to Politecnico di Milano for 3 months during the 2007 summer quarter. In Milan, they worked with Italian colleagues to accomplish two scientific aims that were designed to address limitations in the cartilage tissue growth models being developed under other NSF support. This report summarizes these scientific accomplishments, and also highlights the broader impacts associated
Settlement of Square Footing Resting on Geogrid Reinforced Sand and Bottom Ash

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The concept of soil reinforcement is commonly used in geotechnical engineering. In the past, metallic grid reinforcements were employed to reinforce geotechnical constructions with the concept, but more recently, synthetic reinforcements have been used. Researchers regularly used reinforced sand as a foundation material. However, with the proper reinforcement, other industrial waste products including fly ash, bottom ash, and red mud can also be used as a foundation material because they have a non-plastic nature similar to that of sand. Ash from power plants is considered waste. Geosynthetic reinforced bottom ash is an effective composite material that can be used as a building material for numerous geotechnical engineering applications. Geogrid placed at D/B = 0.5 is found to be more effective than geogrid placed at D/B = 1 and D/B = 1.5. Bottom ash shows less settlement when compared to sand in both reinforced and unreinforced case
THE INHERITANCE OF MELANISM IN PHEASANTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article THE INHERITANCE OF MELANISM IN PHEASANTS Get access J. H. BRUCKNER J. H. BRUCKNER *Formerly with the New York State Conservation Department. This study was a cooperative project of the Bureau of Game, New York State Conservation Department and the Department of Poultry Husbandry, Cornell University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 30, Issue 2, February 1939, Pages 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a104668 Published: 01 February 1939
Effects of ligustrazine on airway inflammation and transcription factor T-bet and GATA-3 expression in patients with bronchial asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the effects of ligustrazine on airway inflammation and transcription factor T-bet and GATA-3 expression in elderly patients with asthma.Methods Sixty elderly patients with asthma were randomly divided into routine treatment group(group A) and ligustrazine group(group B).Thirty healthy subjects were chosen as normal group(group C).The concentrations of IL-4 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Before treatment,the levels of T-bet and IFN-γ were lower and the levels of GATA-3 and IL-4 were higher in group A and B than those in group C.There were no significant differences in the levels of T-bet,IFN-γ,GATA-3 and IL-4 between group A and group B.After treatment,the levels of T-bet and IFN-γ were significantly increased and the levels of GATA-3 and IL-4 were significantly decreased.There were significant differences in the levels of T-bet,IFN-γ,GATA-3 and IL-4 between group A and group B after treatment.Conclusions The combination therapy of routine treatment and ligustrazine could get better efficacy in treating asthma.