jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Poly(vinyl ethers) by Controlled Cationic Polymerisation in a Fluorinated Solvent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The living nature of the cationic polymerisation of butyl vinyl ether (BVE) in the fluorinated solvent 1,1,2-trichloro trifluoroethane was studied, using the initiating system composed of ethyl aluminium dichloride (EtAlCl2) as the activator and 1-butoxyethyl acetate (BEA) as the initiator. BVE homopolymerises in a seemingly living fashion at T ≤ 0°C in the presence of 1,4-dioxane (DO) as a stabilising Lewis base, although the fluorinated solvent slows down the polymerisation appreciably. Less than quantitative reinitiation has been observed when a second BVE feed was added to the living macrocation at nearly quantitative monomer conversion. The functional monomers 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CLEVE), 3-cyano-3-ethoxycarbonylpropyl vinyl ether (CNEVE) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl vinyl ether (XFDVE) were submitted to polymerisation under the same conditions that allow to achieve a quasi-living BVE polymerisation. CLEVE gave a homopolymer with relatively narrow molecular-weight distribution (MWD), while efficient polymerisation of XFDVE was only achieved with BF3 etherate as the initiator. Copolymerisation of the various functional vinyl ethers with BVE takes place in a more controlled fashion, yielding products with narrow MWD index (Mw/Mw = 1.2–1.35), at moderate functional vinyl ether conversions. Block copolymers could be synthesised from poly(BVE) living macrocations; these are probably characterised by a hybrid structure, consisting of a pure BVE block and a second block of BVE-functional vinyl ether copolymer.
Development and characterization of tool compounds targeting the Runt domain’s interaction with CBFβ

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

RUNX1 and CBFβ, which encode subunits of the core binding factor, are frequent targets of chromosomal aberrations in hematological malignancies. We previously determined that CBFβ (encoded by CBFB) is important for the transforming activity of the chimeric protein AML1-ETO protein (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) generated by the t(8;21), and other studies showed that normal Runx1 functions are essential for survival and maintenance of some leukemias lacking RUNX1 or CBFB mutations. Thus, we hypothesized that we could achieve therapeutic efficacy in multiple leukemias by targeting the Runx1:CBFβ interaction with small molecules. Using the structural information of the DNA binding Runt domain (RD) of Runx1 and its interface with CBFβ, we employed a computational screen for a library of 78,000 drug-like compounds, and further optimized our leads. The Runt domain inhibitors (RDIs) bind directly to the RD and disrupt its interaction with CBFβ. We showed that the RDIs reduced growth and induced apoptosis of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, and reduced the progenitor activity of mouse and human leukemia cells harboring the t(8;21), but not normal bone marrow cells. The RDIs had similar effects on murine and human T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines that did not harbor the t(8;21). Furthermore, our inclusion of a structurally related and weakly active compound as a control strongly support that the efficacies we observed were due to on target inhibition of RUNX functions. Our results confirmed that the RDIs might prove efficacious in various AMLs, and that a therapeutic window is available to specifically target malignant cells. We developed a pro-drug AI-9-59 with improved solubility and pharmacokinetic properties and assessed whether it has any in vivo efficacies in mouse leukemia models. Our results showed that the pro-drug was toxic to mice at dosage above 50 mg/kg and had no observable growth inhibitory effect on leukemia cells, suggesting that the concentration of the pro-drug necessary to inhibit endogenous core binding factor activity exceeds the maximum tolerated dose in mice. However, the expansion of granulocyte macrophage progenitors, and the gastrointestinal toxicity phenotype we observed suggested that the effects could be from on-target repression of RUNX proteins functions.
Probiotics and depression: 'The link between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and digestive and mental health'

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been hypothesised for years that a gut-brain connection exists. The gutbrain connection can often be described as having a 'gut feeling' or commonly that 'sinking feeling' - that sensation of nausea when anxious. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the influence of intestinal microbiota on mental health. It is thought that the intestinal microbiota influences the brain mainly through the vagus nerve by humoral and neural means of the gutbrain axis.
Ganglioside GM1 binds to the Trk protein and regulates receptor function.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several lines of evidence have suggested that ganglioside GM1 stimulates neuronal sprouting and enhances the action of nerve growth factor (NGF), but its precise mechanism is yet to be elucidated. We report here that GM1 directly and tightly associates with Trk, the high-affinity tyrosine kinase-type receptor for NGF, and strongly enhances neurite outgrowth and neurofilament expression in rat PC12 cells elicited by a low dose of NGF that alone is insufficient to induce neuronal differentiation. The potentiation of NGF activity by GM1 appears to involve tyrosine-autophosphorylation of Trk, which contains intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that has been localized to the cytoplasmic domain. In the presence of GM1 in culture medium, there is a > 3-fold increase in NGF-induced autophosphorylation of Trk as compared with NGF alone. We also found that GM1 could directly enhance NGF-activated autophosphorylation of immunoprecipitated Trk in vitro. Monosialoganglioside GM1, but not polysialogangliosides, is tightly associated with immunoprecipitated Trk. Furthermore, such tight association of GM1 with Trk appears to be specific, since a similar association was not observed with other growth factor receptors, such as low-affinity NGF receptor (p75NGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Thus, these results strongly suggest that GM1 functions as a specific endogenous activator of NGF receptor function, and these enhanced effects appear to be due, at least in part, to tight association of GM1 with Trk.
Integrating wellness and academic support initiatives into graduate medical sciences curricula

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Studies have shown that health and wellness are linked to student success as physical, mental, and emotional health issues interfere with learning and can result in poor academic performance. Our Masters of Biomedical Sciences program allows students to demonstrate that they can be successful in either medical or dental programs. Students that are successful in our graduate program are competitive candidates for acceptance into medical or dental school. Our students are enrolled in the same basic science courses as medical or dental school students. Accordingly, they not only face the same pressure as these first year professional school students, but also experience additional stresses due to the higher demands and rigors of our program. The purpose of this study was to determine whether integrating wellness and direct academic support initiatives within a required course led to enhanced student satisfaction and knowledge of support resources. Research indicates that it is more beneficial to provide wellness programs proactively for all students as opposed to reactively reaching out to those students who are experiencing difficulties. Therefore, we incorporated lectures and activities that exposed students to wellness programs and initiatives as well as direct academic support sessions. We evaluated student satisfaction with each of these new initiatives using surveys. The results show a significantly higher number of current students were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the wellness and academic support provided by both the College and the required course compared to students from previous years. Our study also shows students were interested in incorporating components of wellness initiatives into their lifestyle as well as seeking out one‐on‐one academic support. Many medical and dental schools as well as undergraduate institutions have incorporated wellness programs. Our data suggests that incorporating wellness and academic support into a required course has enhanced success and satisfaction in our unique cohort of students. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
M ycobacterium ulcerans toxin, mycolactone may enhance host‐seeking and oviposition behaviour by A edes aegypti ( L .) ( D iptera: C ulicidae)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The ecological functions of many toxins continue to remain unknown for those produced by environmental pathogens. Mycobacterium ulcerans , the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease, Buruli ulcer, produces a cytotoxic macrolide, mycolactone, whose function(s) in the environment remains elusive. Through a series of dual‐choice behaviour assays, they show that mycolactone may be an interkingdom cue for the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti , seeking blood‐meals as well as oviposition sites. Results provide novel insight into the evolution between bacteria and potential vectors. While further studies are needed to determine if mycolactone is an actual signal rather than simply a cue, this discovery could serve as a model for determining roles for toxins produced by other environmental pathogens and provide opportunities for developing novel strategies for disease prevention. The relationship between M. ulcerans , mycolactone, and Ae. aegypti further suggests there could be an amplification effect for the spread of pathogens responsible for other diseases, such as yellow fever and dengue.
Population and functional genomic analysis of Lawsonia intracellularis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis is the \naetiological agent of a non-zoonotic enteric disease known as proliferative \nenteropathy (PE). PE has been detected in wide range of mammalian species, \nincluding wild and domestic animals. The disease is most prevalent in pig herds where \nit is endemic, with both subclinical and clinical infections. Porcine PE was first \ndescribed in 1931 and four different form of the disease are recognised, ranging from \nmild to severe clinical manifestations. Over recent years rising outbreaks of equine \nPE in foals have been reported and cross-species experimental infections have \ndemonstrated host-specificity for infection. Although the dynamics of L. intracellularis \ninfection have been examined, there is a lack of understanding population genetic \nstructure and the basis for pathogenesis due to difficulties with culturing obligate \nintracellular organisms. \nIn this study, we developed a pipeline to obtain high quality whole genome sequences \nof L. intracellularis through direct sequencing of clinical samples from field outbreaks \nof porcine and equine PE, and cell passaged samples without the requirement of \ncultivation, resulting in the generation of 25 draft genome assemblies. To explore the \ngenetic diversity of L. intracellularis, we performed comparative analysis which \nrevealed a clonal population structure among porcine derived isolates showing very \nlimited diversity, indicative of emergence from a recent clonal expansion. Our analysis \nrevealed that infections among different hosts are caused by genetically distinct \nL. intracellularis sub-types. Finally, we focussed on a core gene encoding a putative \nautotransporter, termed Lawsonia autotransporter B (latB), that exhibited genetic \nvariation in different strains, and immunofluorescent staining for LatB revealed the \nputative autotransporter was expressed during infection and was associated with the \nbacterial outer membrane. \nOverall, these studies have provided insights into the genetic diversity and \nevolutionary origin of L. intracellularis, enhancing our understanding of the population \nbiology of this important animal pathogen.
Fast magnetospheric echoes of energetic electron beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electron beam experiments using rocketborne instrumentation have confirmed earlier observations of fast magnetospheric echoes of artificially injected energetic electrons. A total of 234 echoes have been observed in a pitch angle range from 9° to 110° at energies of 1.87 and 3.90 keV. Out of this number, 95 echoes could unambiguously be identified with known accelerator operations at 2‐, 4‐, or 8‐keV energy and highest current levels resulting in the determination of transit times of typically 300 to 400 ms. In most cases, when echoes were present in both energy channels, the higher‐energy electrons led the lower‐energy ones by 50 to 70 ms. Adiabatic theory applied to these observations yields a reflection height of 3000 to 4000 km. An alternative interpretation is briefly examined, and its relative merit in describing the observations is evaluated. The injection process is discussed in some detail as the strong beam‐plasma interaction that occurred near the electron accelerator appears to be instrumental in generating the source of heated electrons required for successful echo detection for both processes.
How does Oenococcus oeni adapt to its environment? A pangenomic oligonucleotide microarray for analysis O. oeni gene expression under wine shock

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Oenococcus oeni is a small lactic acid bacterium with a compact genome (~ 2 Mb in size and ca. 1800 genes) that is naturally found in oenological and coder niches, and is the most common agent associated with malolactic fermentation (MLF). The diversity of metabolisms and adaptations to the environment of this species renders MLF quite unpredictable. Until now, the understanding of how O. oeni adapts to its niche has been treated through a classical genomic-phenotypic angle, and has revealed the role of genome plasticity (local mutations; differential gene insertion-deletions) in these adaptations. In this work, we endeavored to elucidate this dialogue between genes and environment, by exploring how the expression system is solicited when O. oeni strains are placed under stress-exposure conditions.
From MEMS to NEMS: Closed-loop actuation of resonant beams beyond the critical Duffing amplitude

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Because of its moderate cost in terms of electronics, resonant sensing has become commonplace in the context of MEMS and NEMS devices. It is usual to drive such resonators below the critical open-loop Duffing amplitude, above which the oscillations become unstable. However, when scaling sensors down to NEMS, nonlinearities may occur at very low amplitudes, making oscillations very difficult to detect. This paper describes a very general way to compute the critical amplitude in open-loop operation for beam resonators, before it focuses on closed-loop Duffing-type resonators. The major contribution of this paper is the use of describing function analysis validated by numerical simulations to show that it is possible to obtain stable oscillations with amplitudes much larger than the critical Duffing amplitude. As a practical consequence, the measured currents are significantly increased and the constraints on the sensing electronics can be relaxed.
ANALYZING FACTORS AFFECTING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY’S STUDENTS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research is to analyze factors affecting the entrepreneurial orientation focused on agricultural university students. The research location was the Faculty of Agriculture (University of Brawijaya) with a total sample of 340 students. The data analysis to answer the research problems was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM is a statistical method allowing testing a series of relatively complex relationships simultaneously. The relationship can be developed from one or several dependent variables with one or several independent variables. Both variables are in the form of factors (constructs consisted of several indicators). The results show that the perception of structural support has direct and indirect effects on the entrepreneurial orientation of individual students. Furthermore, the perception of educational support does not directly affect the students’ IEO. However, the perception of educational support would affect IEO when mediated by self-efficacy.
Posters QTL ANALYSIS OF BEEF FAT COLOUR AND THE EFFECT OF BCDO2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Most agricultural economic traits are controlled by both the environment and genetics. Locating quantitative trait loci (QTL) using molecular markers remains a key approach to identify the genes controlling those traits. In this study, the QTL for fat colour in beef cattle were mapped. The mapping herd was a double-backcross design using two extreme Bos taurus breeds (the Jersey dairy breed and Limousin beef breed). Three fat colour traits were measured (beta-carotene concentration in subcutaneous fat and fat colour scores of biopsy and carcass fat), and a total of 16 QTL on 13 chromosomes were detected at the 5 % genome-wise significance level. A potential candidate gene in QTL on BTA 15, β, β-carotene-9’, 10’-dioxygenase (BCDO2) was investigated. A SNP in exon 3 which creates a stop codon was previously identified, and inclusion of this BCDO2 SNP as a fixed effect in the linkage analysis of the fat colour traits changed the F-values for a number of QTL. As expected, the QTL on BTA 15 was no longer significant. As the presence of the BCDO2 genotype in the model reduced the residual variance, three additional QTL were detected for biopsy fat colour score and one additional QTL for carcass fat colour score.
‘Legacy publication of a 2009 validation of the Riester Big Ben Square Desk aneroid device for blood pressure measurement according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults (2002)’

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To report a validation of the Riester Big Ben Square Desk Aneroid Sphygmomanometer according to the international protocol developed by the Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension 2002 (ESH-IP 2002) in the interest of transparency. This legacy publication is intended to assure users that the device satisfied the requirements in place at that time. Methods Performance of the device was assessed by participants’ age, sex, arm circumference and entry SBP/DBP. Validation was performed in 33 participants. The sphygmomanometer was assessed according to the ESH-IP, which defines zones of accuracy compared to the mercury standard as ≤5, ≤10, ≤15 mmHg or more. Results The mean (± SD) age was 50.5 ± 13.0 years, range 29–71 years, entry SBP 142.6 ± 23.7 mmHg, entry DBP 89.0 ± 17.8 mmHg. The device passed all the requirements listed and the validation protocol. The Riester Big Ben Square Desk aneroid sphygmomanometer slightly underestimated the observer-measured SBP, yet slightly overestimated DBP. The observer-device disagreement was −0.8 ± 6.4 mmHg SBP and +0.6 ± 4.0 mmHg DBP. Conclusion These data show that the Riester Big Ben Square Desk aneroid sphygmomanometer fulfilled the ESH-IP 2002 requirements for the validation of BP monitors. It was on this basis that the British and Irish Hypertension Society recommended it for clinical use in the adult population.
Haemorrhage in the Interventricular Septum After Aortic Valve Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractDuring the last 11/a years period, 128 Starr-Edwards aortic valve prostheses have been implanted. Nineteen patients (15%) died in the hospital, 3 of them developed left bundle branch block followed by total A-V block and ventricular fibrillation early in the postoperative period. The necropsy findings were subendo-cardial haemorrhage around the prostheses and at the base of the interventricular septum involving the bundle of His. The decalcification procedure in the area of the non-coronary cusp and the underlying tissue should be carried out with care.
Effect of harvesting time on change in oil quality of Mentha piperita L. Chemotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evaluation for essential oil composition and to assess the change in quality of essential oil with age, harvesting time and maturation phase M. piperita clones namely MP-1 to MP12 were taken under study. It was found that nine cultivars with basic chromosome number 2n=72, were best suited under fluctuating environments with respect to oil content and quality as well with more than 70% menthol content.
The role of reactive oxygen species in membrane potential changes in macrophages and astrocytes.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in changes of the plasma membrane potential of mouse peritoneal macrophages and astrocytes (U118 cell line) under the action of different agents has been studied. Membrane potential was measured using the voltage-dependent fluorescent oxonol dye DiBAC4(3). Agonists which stimulate macrophages to release ROS (the fMLP peptide and platelet activating factor) caused prolonged hyperpolarization. Experiments with the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate have shown that astrocytes release ROS upon the action of C5a complement anaphylatoxin (but not C3a). The effect of C5a was accompanied with hyperpolarization of the astrocyte plasma membrane. Treatment of the cells with agents which do not induce ROS generation (C3a, lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma) depolarized the plasma membrane. Hyperpolarization of both cell types was significantly decreased in the presence of superoxide dismutase (but not catalase). Moreover, the O2- -generating system caused a marked hyperpolarization of both cell types. The data obtained suggest that O2- is involved in the macrophage and astrocyte hyperpolarization response.
Thermal decomposition of N-nitrosohydroxylamines. VII. Retention in the combination of optically active 2-butyl-tert-butoxy radical pairs

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal decomposition of N-nitrosohydroxylamines. VII. Retention in the combination of optically active 2-butyl-tert-butoxy radical pairsT. Koenig and J. M. OwensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 12, 4052–4054Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00819a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00819a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts