jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic relationships among three native North-American Mahonia species, invasive Mahonia populations from Europe, and commercial cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractHorticulture is one of the most important pathways for plant invasion. We used microsatellite markers to reveal the impact of plant breeding on Mahonia aquifolium, an invasive ornamental shrub. Since it was bred by hybridisation with the related species M. repens and M. pinnata, we compared populations of the three native species, various commercial cultivars and invasive populations. Invasive populations and cultivars were genetically differentiated from the native groups, but differences did not result from genetic bottlenecks. In cultivars but not in invasive populations, we proved genes from M. pinnata. No significant amount of M. repens genes were found in cultivars and invasive populations, but this result has to be viewed with caution because of the close relationship between native M. aquifolium and M. repens. We conclude that the evolution of invasive Mahonia populations was a result of restriction of gene pool during introduction, secondary release, and artificial selection, in combination with an increase of genetic diversity by plant breeders and by extensive gene flow.KeywordsNative SpeciesGene PoolPlant InvasionPrinciple Component AnalysisArtificial SelectionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
New Bacterial Aryl Sulfotransferases: Effective Tools for Sulfation of Polyphenols

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The preparation of pure metabolites of bioactive compounds, particularly (poly)phenols, is essential for the accurate determination of their pharmacological profiles in vivo. Since the extraction of these metabolites from biological material is tedious and impractical, they can be synthesized enzymatically in vitro by bacterial PAPS-independent aryl sulfotransferases (ASTs). However, only a few ASTs have been studied and used for (poly)phenol sulfation. This study introduces new fully characterized recombinant ASTs selected according to their similarity to the previously characterized ASTs. These enzymes, produced in Escherichia coli, were purified, biochemically characterized, and screened for the sulfation of nine flavonoids and two phenolic acids using p-nitrophenyl sulfate. All tested compounds were proved to be substrates for the new ASTs, with kaempferol and luteolin being the best converted acceptors. ASTs from Desulfofalx alkaliphile (DalAST) and Campylobacter fetus (CfAST) showed the highest efficiency in the sulfation of tested polyphenols. To demonstrate the efficiency of the present sulfation approach, a series of new authentic metabolite standards, regioisomers of kaempferol sulfate, were enzymatically produced, isolated, and structurally characterized.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a short review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an unusual form of dilated cardiomyopathy, which manifests as acute heart failure in the last trimester of pregnancy or early postpartum period. Its aetiology is currently unknown. The presenting signs and symptoms are those of congestive heart failure and more specifically those of left ventricular failure. Its importance lies in the fact that it has a high mortality rate and strikes the patient in the prime of life. Peripartum cardiomyopathy has far reaching implications for the anaesthesiologist. The reason for this is that many of the signs and symptoms of normal pregnancy are indistinguishable from mild cardiac failure so that the condition may remain undiagnosed and can present suddenly at the time of induction of anaesthesia or in the peri-operative period. The goals of anaesthetic management include avoidance of drug induced myocardial depression and prevention of increases in ventricular preload and afterload. Vigilant monitoring is essential throughout the surgery and in the postoperative period and the need for invasive monitoring should be assessed according to the clinical condition of the patient. It is important to recognise the association of cardiac failure and pregnancy as a separate syndrome so that peripartum cardiomyopathy can also be kept as a differential diagnosis for cardiac failure occurring in the peripartum period and a high index of suspicion should be maintained for the timely detection and management of this condition.
Pitch tracking of bird vocalizations and an automated process using YIN-bird

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pitch or fundamental frequency is an important feature of bird song, from which scientists can learn much about a population. To use pitch as a feature, researchers need confidence in their pitch extraction system. Pitch detection algorithms (PDAs) proven to work on human speech may not be suitable for all types of bird vocalizations. This paper discusses pitch estimation performance on a variety of common bird vocalizations. The presence of multiple partials or tones simultaneously, extended frequency sweeps through multiple octaves, and rapid pitch modulations are just some of the difficulties encountered when estimating the pitch of bird song. Carefully tuned parameters improve pitch tracking with YIN, but optimal parameters can change quickly even within one song. YIN is a PDA which estimates pitch of human speech very well. This paper presents YIN-bird, a modified version of YIN which exploits spectrogram properties to automatically set a minimum fundamental frequency parameter for YIN. Gross pitch errors on whistles and trills were reduced by up to 4% on a ground truth data-set of synthetic bird song with known pitch. This data-set was evaluated by expert listeners and described as “sounding like original & can hardly tell it is synthetic”. A qualitative analysis showing YIN-bird not to be suitable for more complex bird vocalizations, such as nasals, is also presented.
Parkinsonism with a bovine cough: an unusual presentation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sodium valproate and thrombocytopeniaPublished reports on the value of sodium valproate (Epilim) as an anticonvulsant drug have been encouraging.'Acquired platelet function defects ofdoubtful significance have been found and attributed to this drug,2 and there have been two reports of haemorrhages, prolonged bleeding times, and thrombocytopenia in patients on sodium valproate with other anticonvulsant drugs.3 4 The patient we report here developed thrombocytopenia when taking sodium valproate alone, and the investigations are recorded. Case reportA 6-year-old boy weighing 20 kg had been having major and minor seizures for two years and had failed to respond to other anticonvulsant drugs.On treatment with sodium valproate 400 mg four times a day, all other drugs having been stopped, he was rendered fit-free for eight months.His mother then reported that he had developed hair loss and multiple spon- taneous bruises.The bleeding time was prolonged and the platelet count was 15 x 109/1, but other tests of coagulation were normal.Sodium valproate was immediately discontinued.The serum level at this time was very high (244 .tg/ml).At the time of the peripheral thrombocytopenia aspiration of bone marrow
A wireless system with stimulation and recording capabilities for interfacing peripheral nerves in rodents

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Considerable progress has been made in the last decade in implantable bioelectronic neurosystems. Yet most neural implants are used in acute and tethered experimental conditions. Here, we present a preliminary prototype of a multichannel system for simultaneous peripheral nerve stimulation and neural recording. The system comprises miniaturized electronics with a total volume of less then 1.4cm3 including a 3.7V battery which is expected to last for 94 days of standby operation or 18 hours of continuous recording and stimulation. Data read-out and device configuration are wireless. Visceral nerves in rodents are interfaced with compliant extraneural electrodes. The 100×350μm2 electrodes display a low impedance (1.8kn at 1kHz) with a PEDOT:PSS coating. We validated the prototype in acute experiments by applying electrical stimulation to the aortic depressor nerve (ADN), resulting in effective and reproducible decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. The combination of miniaturized electronics and flexible electrodes makes the presented system a versatile platform for future implantable devices interfacing small peripheral nerves and potentially enables new applications in the field of neuroscience.
The Baltic States under Stalin: The First Experiences, 1940–41

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In modern times the fortunes of the Baltic States and Poland have run a parallel course. This course has been determined by the German and Russian empires. If there is a historical law applicable to the region's interrelationships it is that when the Russians are in alliance with the Germans or with powers which control central Europe, the Baltic States and Poland are subjugated; only the collapse of these empires makes freedom for these nations possible. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Rzeczpospolita, fell prey to Germanic-Russian connivance at the end of the eighteenth century. Poland and the Baltic States emerged as free nations only after the two empires collapsed following the First World War. Their independence was again lost as a result of the Hitler-Stalin conspiracy of 23 August 1939.
An Exploration of Global Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction in Health Information Management.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health information management (HIM) professionals are a vital component of a global network of healthcare specialists who assure quality documentation, data governance, analysis of data, and medical coding of vital healthcare statistics.1 These healthcare professionals make up a globally diverse community2 which demands leaders with globally transferable leadership skills. The goal of this study was to explore the application of Servant Leadership Theory3 to job satisfaction through globally applicable and transferable leadership behavior. A case study approach of semi-structured interviews and blog posting entries were examined through the principles of a global mindset.4. Results of this study are applicable to the community of practicing HIM professionals through the identification and examples of the application of effective and globally transferable leadership behavior.
Hypothesis: Normalisation of cytokine dysbalance explains the favourable effects of strict glucose regulation in the critically ill.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent trials investigating the effects of strict glucose regulation in critically ill patients have shown impressive reductions in morbidity and mortality. Although the literature focuses on the possible toxic effects of high blood glucose levels, the underlying mechanism for this improvement is unclear. We hypothesise that strict glucose regulation results in modulation of cytokine production, leading to a shift towards a more anti-inflammatory pattern. This shift in the cytokine balance accounts for the reduction in morbidity and mortality. To support our hypothesis, effects of glucose and insulin on cytokine release and effects of glucose, insulin, and cytokines on host defence, cardiac function and coagulation will be reviewed.
Wpływ antyfidantów botanicznych na rozwój chrząszczy chrabąszcza majowego

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study evaluates the antifeedant activity of rutin and quercetin (flavonoids of buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum) and the extract from the leaves of black alder Alnus glutinosa on the development and the extent of damage caused by the beetles of cockchafer Melolontha melolontha in laboratory and semi−field conditions. We found increased mortality and decreased intensity of beetle feeding on the Quercus robur leaves sprayed with a solution of rutin. The treatment of Q. robur leaves with solutions of quercetin and extract from the leaves of black alder had no effect on the development of beetles and fertility of females, and did not inhibit feeding of cockchafer.
Random fasciocutaneous flap repair refractory wound in legs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the repairing effects of random fasciocutaneous flap for refractory wound in legs.Methods:Fasciocutaneous flaps of(3.0×4.5)~(8×15)cm2 in proper shapes were obtained from the deep layer of deep fascia near the patients' calf and were used for covering the wound.Results:All the 24 patients got I stage incision healing effects,and all the transferred flaps were successful.According to 6 month to 1 year follow up,the morphology of the surgical region were flat and satisfied,no cat-ear shaped mark was observed and scars were not obvious for all patients.Conclusion:Repairing refractory wound in the leg with random fasciocutaneous flap is a safe and convenient surgery with good long-term effects..
Application of Computer Digital Simulation Technology in the Research of Martial arts Action Structure Image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The reference of Martial arts action structure to assist the artificial correction is poor, for this problem, in this paper, a new method of Martial arts action structure analysis and reconstruction based on computer numerical simulation is proposed. Firstly, three-dimensional visual image information acquisition of martial arts is carried out, and adaptive threshold decomposition and wavelet analysis are used to perform noise reduction pretreatment. The original domain feature point library is formed by the original separation of the domain feature points of the martial arts action structure image. Then, the edge contour feature extraction method is used to extract the contour features of the martial arts in the image, input into the expert system of the orthodontics, carry on the visual analysis and correction, and realize the Martial arts action structure analysis and the feature reconstruction identification. The results of computer simulation show that this method can be used to reconstruct the martial arts structure and improve the quantitative analysis ability of martial arts. The signal-to-noise ratio of the output image is high, and the recognition performance of the image processing and motion is better.
An Improved Acid Fracturing Design through RoqSCAN Technology: A Case Study from Daniudi Gas Field in Ordos Basin, China

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The concept of geological engineering-integrated fracturing is widely applied in the conventional and unconventional reservoirs, aiming to achieve efficient and economic development. There is no doubt that fine reservoir evaluation is the basis and core of geological engineering-integrated fracturing. Therefore, in this paper, we performed a series of investigations on the basis of formation fine evaluation by using RoqScan technology. Firstly, the physical parameters of the target well located in Daniudi Gas Field were evaluated by a laboratory test and logging interpretation. Next, the composition and function of the RoqSCAN tool were introduce in detail. Furthermore, the elements, minerals, and rock mechanical parameters of the target well were evaluated by the RoqSCAN tool. Finally, the fine reservoir model was established on the basis of fine formation evaluation. Moreover, we conducted a series of research on porosity and principal stress of the target formation to compare the difference between the fine model and the conventional model. Based on the fine reservoir model, the acid-fracturing design and numerical simulation were further investigated. The results of experiments and numerical simulation mainly achieved the following findings: 1. The porosity and permeability of the target formation indicated that it was a tight, low-permeability reservoir; 2. According to the comparison of the distribution for different parameters in the target well, the modeling with fine reservoir evaluation had higher accuracy than the traditional modeling; 3. Based on the fine evaluation results, acid fracturing is recommended as a stimulation method to enhance the productivity of the target formation. This study provides an essential method for the integrated fracturing design of geological engineering.
Design of linear precoders/decoders for multiuser MIMO downlink

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the design of linear precoders/decoders for multiuser MIMO downlinks in terms of minimizing the sum-mean square error.The conventional joint optimization algorithm to solve this non-linear and non-convex optimization problem suffers from its high complexity and limited performance.In this paper,a novel scheme is proposed.This scheme decomposes the MIMO downlink into several parallel effective single-user MIMO channels and solves these single-user minimum mean square error problems to obtain the approximate optimum of the original sum-mean square error problem.The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the conventional algorithm.
Using MRI to Determine Painful Vertebrae to be Treated by Kyphoplasty in Multiple-Level Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective study in 35 osteoporotic patients with 120 multiple-level vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) assessed the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine painful vertebrae for treatment with kyphoplasty (KP). A total of 51 vertebrae were identified as painful and selected for KP based on changes in MRI signal intensity between T1-weighted, T2-weighted and short tau inversion recovery MRI. Efficacy was assessed by the mean change in anterior/middle vertebral body height, Cobb's angle, a visual analogue pain scale and the Oswestry Disability Index at pre-operative, post-operative and final follow-up assessments. Significant improvements in all efficacy measures were observed at the post-operative versus pre-operative assessments; no significant differences were observed between post-operative and final follow-up assessments. It is concluded that painful vertebrae can be determined by MRI signal intensity changes and their selection for KP can improve outcomes in patients with multiple-level VCFs.
Reduced Levels of Selenium and Thioredoxin Reductase in the Thoracic Aorta Could Contribute to Aneurysm Formation in Patients with Marfan Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a heterozygous mutation of the FBN1 gene. MFS patients present oxidative stress that disturbs redox homeostasis. Redox homeostasis depends in part on the enzymatic antioxidant system, which includes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), both of which require an adequate concentration of selenium (Se). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if Se levels are decreased in the TAA of patients with MFS since this could contribute to the formation of an aneurysm in these patients. The results show that interleukins IL-1β, IL-6 TGF-β1, and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.03), and carbonylation (p ≤ 0.03) were increased in the TAA of patients with MFS in comparison with control subjects, while Se, thiols (p = 0.02), TrxR, and GPx (p ≤ 0.001) were decreased. TLR4 and NOX1 (p ≤ 0.03), MMP9 and MMP2 (p = 0.04) and NOS2 (p < 0.001) were also increased. Therefore, Se concentrations are decreased in the TAA of MFS, which can contribute to a decrease in the activities of TrxR and GPx, and thiol groups. A decrease in the activities of these enzymes can lead to the loss of redox homeostasis, which can, in turn, lead to an increase in the pro-inflammatory interleukins associated with the overexpression of MMP9 and MMP2.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Didymoplexis gibbosa (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southern Vietnam.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Didymoplexis gibbosa (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southern Vietnam". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/60073428-a973-49bf-93e9-f898c378f518 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/60073428-a973-49bf-93e9-f898c378f518. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
8. Hankel-Norm Approximation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

As mentioned in section 7.1, a balanced state-space representation of a linear system Σ can be derived by minimizing an appropriate criterion. Nevertheless, approximation by balanced truncation does not seem to minimize any norm. A refinement leads to an approximation method which is optimal with respect to the 2-induced norm of the Hankel operator, known as, optimal approximation in the Hankel-norm. The resulting theory is the generalization to dynamical systems of the optimal approximation in the 2-induced norm of finite-dimensional matrices and operators discussed in section 3.2.4. It provides explicit formulas for optimal and suboptimal approximants as well as an error bound in the related ℋ∞-norm (the 2-induced norm of the convolution operator). The developments in this chapter are due to Adamjan, Arov, and Krein [1], [2] and especially to Glover [139]. See also [237], [137] and the books [149] and [370].
A Porous and Stable Porphyrin Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient Catalyst towards Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aerobic Cross‐Dehydrogenative‐Coupling Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Porphyrin metal‐organic frameworks (PMOFs) are emerging as heterogeneous photocatalysts owing to the well‐designed frameworks incorporated with powerful light‐harvesting porphyrin chromophores. The porous and stable framework Ir−PCN‐224 (which is also denoted as Ir−PMOF‐1), which has been prepared by the self‐assembly of Ir(TCPP)Cl (TCPP=tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) and ZrCl 4 , is reported herein to be efficient for the aerobic cross‐dehydrogenative carbon−phosphorus coupling reaction, giving rise to a high turn‐over number (TON) of up to 17200 under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments disclose that the active species might be the superoxide radical anion (O 2 .− ). Additionally, the intermediate imine cation has been detected by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
Effect of interaction on magnetic properties of a particulate medium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Samples of magnetic particles were prepared in dry powder form, as well as in a plastic binder system. Magnetic measurements were made on the samples as function of the volumetric packing factor. Coercive force H c , squareness, and anhysteretic magnetization measurements are correlated with the uniformity of particle dispersion. It was found that the behavior of H c , squareness, and the initial anhysteretic susceptibility as a function of the packing factor are good indications of the degree of dispersion of the particles. It is shown that if the particles are well dispersed, H c increased with increased dilution, and the initial anhysteretic susceptibility increased at both high and low dilutions. A mathematical model is developed to explain the observed results. The model consists of a double distribution of interaction fields to account for the well-dispersed and the agglomerated particles.