jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accurate estimates of dynamical statistics using memory

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Many chemical reactions and molecular processes occur on timescales that are significantly longer than those accessible by direct simulation. One successful approach to estimating dynamical statistics for such processes is to use many short time series observations of the system to construct a Markov state model (MSM), which approximates the dynamics of the system as memoryless transitions between a set of discrete states. The dynamical Galerkin approximation (DGA) generalizes MSMs for the problem of calculating dynamical statistics, such as committors and mean first passage times, by replacing the set of discrete states with a projection onto a basis. Because the projected dynamics are generally not memoryless, the Markov approximation can result in significant systematic error. Inspired by quasi-Markov state models, which employ the generalized master equation to encode memory resulting from the projection, we reformulate DGA to account for memory and analyze its performance on two systems: a two-dimensional triple well and helix-to-helix transitions of the AIB$_9$ peptide. We demonstrate that our method is robust to the choice of basis and can decrease the time series length required to obtain accurate kinetics by an order of magnitude.
CO<sub>2</sub>‑Driven\nNebulization of pH-Sensitive\nSupramolecular Polymers for Intraperitoneal Hydrogel Formation and\nthe Treatment of Peritoneal Metastasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because peritoneal metastasis (PM) from ovarian cancer\nis characterized\nby non-specific symptoms, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages.\nPressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) can be considered\na promising drug delivery method for unresectable PM. Currently, the\nefficacy of intraperitoneal (IP) drug delivery is limited by the off-label\nuse of IV chemotherapeutic solutions, which are rapidly cleared from\nthe IP cavity. Hence, this research aimed to improve PM treatment\nby evaluating a nanoparticle-loaded, pH-switchable supramolecular\npolymer hydrogel as a controlled release drug delivery system that\ncan be IP nebulized. Moreover, a multidirectional nozzle was developed\nto allow nebulization of viscous materials such as hydrogels and to\nreach an even IP gel deposition. We demonstrated that acidification\nof the nebulized hydrogelator solution by carbon dioxide, used to\ninflate the IP cavity during laparoscopic surgery, stimulated the <i>in situ</i> gelation, which prolonged the IP hydrogel retention. <i>In vitro</i> experiments indicated that paclitaxel nanocrystals\nwere gradually released from the hydrogel depot formed, which sustained\nthe cytotoxicity of the formulation for 10 days. Finally, after aerosolization\nof this material in a xenograft model of PM, tumor progression could\nsuccessfully be delayed, while the overall survival time was significantly\nincreased compared to non-treated animals.
Yeast ribonuclease H(70) cleaves RNA‐DNA junctions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A specific substrate, M 13 DNA:RNA‐[ 32 P]DNA, was synthesized to investigate the mode of cleavage of enzymes with RNase H activity. RNase H(70) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond at the RNA‐DNA junction of this substrate, thereby producing a 5'‐monophosphate‐terminated polydeoxyribonucleotide and 3'‐hydroxyl‐terminated oligoribonucleotides.
BOUNDARY ELEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR FREE BOUNDARY CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The boundary element technique is used to solve the steady state convection-diffusion problem with constant velocity in a two-dimensional domain with a free interface. These problems arise in a number of important heat transfer applications involving melting or solidification, such as bulk crystal growth in Bridgman furnaces. The boundary element approach reduces the dimension of the problem, thereby improving the computational efficiency, and is particularly well suited to free-surface problems in which the position and shape of the solid-liquid interface are of primary importance. Results are presented for a case study problem representing solidification in a two-dimensional, rectangular configuration.
The CEV Model and Its Application in a Study of Optimal Investment Strategy

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The constant elasticity of variance ( CEV ) model is used to describe the price of the risky asset. Maximizing the expected utility relating to the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman ( HJB ) equation which describes the optimal investment strategies, we obtain a partial differential equation. Applying the Legendre transform, we transform the equation into a dual problem and obtain an approximation solution and an optimal investment strategies for the exponential utility function.
SH560202.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Sun protection: an essential update on the use of physical and chemical sunscreens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sun protection has traditionally been seen as the application of chemical or physical sunscreens to the skin; however, better understanding of skin care and particularly photoprotective topicals is affecting opinions on the best products to apply to protect against ultraviolet (UV) exposure. New European Union (EU) regulations come in to force this in July of this year, insomuch as the EU Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC is to be replaced by Cosmetic Products Regulation 1223/2009), affecting changes to manufacturing, labelling, safety reports, product information files (PIFs) and serious undesirable effect reporting. The Food and Drug Administration has implemented also new regulations for sun protection factor (SPF) claims and drug facts labelling for SPF products. Last year, the author reviewed the effects of UV exposure and relevant regulations, as well as imminent regulatory changes in the US, and briefly reviewed new ingredients making an impact on cosmeceutical sun protection and damage repair ( Bowes, 2012 ). This update paper reflects these changes and explores ways we can support our patients wishing to achieve a healthy glow.
IMPACT OF DRIP AND GATED PIPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, INTERVALS ON YIELD, PRODUCTIVITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND QUALITY OF TWO COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L) CULTIVARS IN HEAVY CLAY SOIL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive winter growing seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Kafer El-Khawazim, Talkha district, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of irrigation systems (drip and gated pipe) and irrigation intervals (5, 7 and 9 days) on some evaluation criteria were studied to determine the best conditions to increase yield, productivity of irrigation water and quality of beans under heavy clay soil conditions. Data indicated that the highest value for water applied recorded under gated pipe irrigation and interval 9 days. For concerning irrigation application efficiency for drip irrigation were occurred with 5 days interval, while the lowest value was recorded under gated pipe system and irrigation interval 9 days. The highest values for vegetative growth, yield components, seed yield, productivity of irrigation water and quality traits of common bean recorded under drip system comparing with gated pipe and for irrigation interval, the highest values recorded with 7days, while they decreased slightly at 5 days and then decreased at 9days. The best value for the vegetative growth, yield components, seed yield, productivity of irrigation water and quality traits of common bean were occurred with recombinant inbred line "RIL 115" compared to common bean (Navv bean). Finally, using drip irrigation system and irrigation interval at 7 days and selection RIL 115 are highly recommended to increase and improve the yield, productivity of irrigation water and quality traits of common bean under clay soils conditions.
Vapor Pressure Osmometry and Conductivity Studies of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Alkyl Glycol Sulfates and Sodium Alkyl Carbitol Sulfates as Hydrotropes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The temperature dependence of the degree of ionization and standard free energy of aggregation of aqueous solutions of sodium alkyl glycol sulfates and sodium alkyl carbitol sulfates, viz., sodium methyl monoethylene glycol sulfate (NaMMGS), sodium ethyl monoethylene glycol sulfate (NaEMGS), sodium propyl monoethylene glycol sulfate (NaPMGS), sodium butyl monoethylene glycol sulfate (NaBMGS), sodium methyl diethylene glycol(carbitol) sulfate (NaMDGS), and sodium butyl diethylene glycol sulfate (NaBDGS), have been determined from conductivity data in the temperature range of (40 to 50) °C. The osmotic coefficients ϕ and activity coefficients of sodium alkyl monoethylene glycol sulfates and sodium alkyl carbitol sulfates determined by vapor pressure osmometry at molalities ranging from (0.02 to 1.8) mol·kg−1 show their aggregating tendency which decreases with temperature. The minimum hydrotropic concentrations from the plots of specific conductivity κ vs m and plots of ϕ vs m match well for all the hydrotropes. The osmotic coefficient data for each hydrotrope when treated with the Burchfield and Woolley model show strong aggregate−counterion association and yield an aggregation number in the range 8 to 17.
EU Agricultural Systems in the new CAP perspectives

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years EU agricultural system have been characterized by several development patterns and different policies tools have been adopted by each country as a means to reach economic development in rural regions, above all in advanced countries. The recognition of agricultural and territorial systems is essential to define regional development programs, especially in a period when the new rural development policies are going to be designed and planned. Present research tries to identify and analyse main structural models of “agricultures” within European Union, whose classification could be useful as decision tool to define policies of intervention, in view of new programming period (CAP 2014-2020). The research is focused on the analysis of agricultural features in 247 regional areas (NUTS 2) of all European countries and has been carried out adopting a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to identify main factors that differentiate agricultural systems in EU countries, taking into account a specific group-set of social and economic indicators. Afterward, by applying cluster analysis on the results of PCA, we classified the different regional areas into homogenous groups. The results allow a general classification of “homogeneous agricultural areas”,, whose categorization may be useful for better understanding characteristics of the European Union countryside and better orientate ongoing planning of new CAP.
[Skin wound granulation from contact with synthetic foil of teflon-polyurethane type].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When a plastic-foil consisting of teflon-polyurethan foam is applied to ulcer cruris and to polyurethan foam is applied to ulcera cruris and to combusted skin, pronounced granulation and formation of new capillaries and collagen fibers are observed in the contact area. The tightly adhering foils are tolerated by the wounds for more than 40 days with continous granulation. An adverse reaction against the foreign material and development of eosinophils and giant cells is not observed, though the polyurethan-foam of the foil was burst by the ingrowing granulation tissue. When the wound surface is clean, change of the dressing with this foil is necessary only every second or third day.
Comparison of Arcuate-Legged Clipped versus Sutured Hepatic Artery, Portal Vein, and Bile Duct Anastomoses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Attempts at improving anastomoses have included the development of stapling techniques. Our purpose was to evaluate arcuate-legged clipped versus standard sutured anastomoses of the hepatic artery (HA), portal vein (PV), and bile duct in a porcine liver transplantation model. Two groups of pigs were studied intraoperatively and 1 day after liver transplantation. A control group underwent sutured anastomosis of PV and HA with polypropylene and of bile duct with polydioxanone (n = 8). An experimental group underwent anastomoses with arcuate-legged clips (n = 8). We analyzed the time to perform anastomosis and flows before and at various time points after anastomosis. In addition, patency and histology of the anastomoses were evaluated 1 day after operation, including a fibrin-thrombosis score, medial injury, and inflammation score. Times to complete HA and PV anastomoses were not different between clipped and sutured groups. However, the time was shorter to complete bile duct anastomosis with clips than with sutures (6.3 ± 1.1 minutes and 13.3 ± 2.0 minutes, respectively). Flows through HA anastomoses were not different between groups, but flow through the PV was higher in clipped compared with sutured anastomosis (P = 0.06). Patency was 100 per cent with no leaks for all three anastomoses in both groups. Histologic data were similar between vascular anastomotic groups. Sutured bile duct anastomoses revealed mild smooth muscle injury in 75 per cent whereas clipped bile duct anastomoses displayed no smooth muscle injury. We conclude that arcuate-legged clipped anastomosis represents a viable option to sutured anastomoses of the PV, HA, and bile duct anastomoses. Bile duct anastomoses were completed in less than half the time and with less tissue damage documented histologically.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Statins and outcomes in patients with bloodstream infection: a propensity-matched analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: The pleiotropic effects of statins, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, have been shown to modify inflammatory cell signaling on the immune response to infection. It was postulated that statins may be a good candidate as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of sepsis. We investigated whether ongoing statin therapy is associated with mortality in patients with bloodstream infection.DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study.SETTING: Two tertiary hospitals in Bronx, NY.PATIENTS: Adult patients in the hospital with bloodstream infection and categorized according to statin therapy as an outpatient or inpatient before bacteremia.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 2,139 bacteremic hospitalized patients, 592 (28%) received statins before blood cultures and 677 (32%) died within 90 days. On multivariate adjustment, the association between statin therapy and 90-day all-cause mortality was statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.94), but statin users and nonusers differed significantly on many baseline clinical factors. Using the propensity score matched analysis to balance the differences between groups, the association was no longer significant (hazard ratio 0.99; 95% CI 0.77-1.25). Multivariate analysis after stratifying by decile in propensity score for statin use demonstrated similar results (hazard ratio 0.86; 95% CI 0.70-1.06). Statin use was not associated with reduced intensive care unit admission (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% CI 0.59-1.26), hospital length of stay (β = -0.8 days; 95% CI -2.2 to 1.7 days), intensive care unit length of stay (β = -0.1 days; 95% CI -3.7 to 3.8 days), or need for mechanical or noninvasive ventilation (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.70-1.51).CONCLUSION: After adjusting for the propensity to receive statin therapy, no statistically significant association between statin therapy before bloodstream infection and survival was identified. PMID: 22202711 Funding information This work was supported by: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL084060 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL084060-05 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL086667 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL086667 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL086667-05 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL084060 NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UL1 RR025750 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
0911 - OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PRACTICE PATTERN VARIATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT IN EUROPE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and aims Although being considered a benign disease, acute gastroenteritis (AGE) disease burden remains high in European emergency departments (EDs). Large differences in diagnostics and management exist worldwide. Variability in clinical practice can lead to unnecessary, costly and invasive resource use and interventions, such as intravenous (IV) fluid administration and hospitalization. Our aim was to assess practice pattern variations in children with AGE at the ED in Europe.tMethods This study was part of the TrIAGE project, a prospective observational study of children at 5 EDs in 4 European countries (2012-2014). We included patients with diarrhoea and vomiting, aged 1 month to 5 years. The main outcome measure was defined as resource use, categorised into diagnostics, treatment and disposition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess differences between settings, adjusted for potential confounders.Results In total, 7330 children were included, 3954 (54%) male, median age 1.74 years (IQR 0.91-2.94) . Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.18 (p<0.001) to 2.16 (p<0.001) for IV fluid administration between settings. For hospital admission, adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.10 (p<0.001) to 0.68 (p=0.011). All other outcome measures were significantly different between settings after correcting for potential confounders. Setting was the strongest predictor for all outcome measures.Conclusions Despite the availability of European guidelines, our results indicate that large practice pattern variations exist for children with AGE in European EDs. Use of guidelines, parental expectations and doctors experience might explain the differences. Further studies are needed.
Clinical Significance of Molecular Alterations and Systemic Therapy for Meningiomas: Where Do We Stand?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors that can be treated successfully in most cases with surgical resection and/or adjuvant radiotherapy. However, approximately 20% of patients show an aggressive clinical course with tumor recurrence or progressive disease, resulting in significant morbidity and increased mortality. Despite several studies that have investigated different cytotoxic agents in aggressive meningiomas in the past several years, limited evidence of efficacy and clinical benefit has been reported thus far. Novel molecular alterations have been linked to a particular clinicopathological phenotype and have been correlated with grading, location, and prognosis of meningiomas. In this regard, SMO, AKT, and PIK3CA mutations are typical of anterior skull base meningiomas, whereas KLF4 mutations are specific for secretory histology, and BAP1 alterations are common in progressive rhabdoid meningiomas. Alterations in TERT, DMD, and BAP1 correlate with poor outcomes. Moreover, some actionable mutations, including SMO, AKT1, and PIK3CA, regulate meningioma growth and are under investigation in clinical trials. PD-L1 and/or M2 macrophage expression in the microenvironment provides evidence for the investigation of immunotherapy in progressive meningiomas.
CORPORATE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AS A SET OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS FOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Intellectual resources are widely used in the formation of corporate business environment. This environment is a new phenomenon in the system of socio-economic relations. The corporate business environment is a set of economic conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, business life. In this environment, exercise more incentives to work, increasing the level of economic freedom, including the freedom of movement of the resource, including intellectual, production components. It is therefore important and necessary to give its definition from the perspective of both economic and organizational-administrative relations, which is a key objective of this research. In addition, the article carried out a comprehensive assessment of how the corporate environment for the development of regional business and knowledge of the mechanisms of the effect of factors internal and external environment for the development of corporate business environment.
Dopaminergic correlates of metabolic network activity in Parkinson's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with distinct metabolic covariance patterns that relate to the motor and cognitive manifestations of the disorder. It is not known, however, how the expression of these patterns relates to measurements of nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity from the same individuals. To explore these associations, we studied 106 PD subjects who underwent cerebral PET with both 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18 F‐fluoro‐L‐dopa (FDOPA). Expression values for the PD motor‐ and cognition‐related metabolic patterns (PDRP and PDCP, respectively) were computed for each subject; these measures were correlated with FDOPA uptake on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis. To explore the relationship between dopaminergic function and local metabolic activity, caudate and putamen FDOPA PET signal was correlated voxel‐wise with FDG uptake over the entire brain. PDRP expression correlated with FDOPA uptake in caudate and putamen ( P < 0.001), while PDCP expression correlated with uptake in the anterior striatum ( P < 0.001). While statistically significant, the correlations were only of modest size, accounting for less than 20% of the overall variation in these measures. After controlling for PDCP expression, PDRP correlations were significant only in the posterior putamen. Of note, voxel‐wise correlations between caudate/putamen FDOPA uptake and whole‐brain FDG uptake were significant almost exclusively in PDRP regions. Overall, the data indicate that PDRP and PDCP expression correlates significantly with PET indices of presynaptic dopaminergic functioning obtained in the same individuals. Even so, the modest size of these correlations suggests that in PD patients, individual differences in network activity cannot be explained solely by nigrostriatal dopamine loss. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3575–3585, 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.