jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytochemistry and Reproductive Activities of Male Albino Rats Treated with Crude Leaf Extract of Great Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was aimed at assessing the reproductive activities of male albino rats treated with crude leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis.The total of thirty sexually matured male albino rats of about eleven weeks, weighing between 120-180 g were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) with 6 rats in each group.Rats in group A served as the control and were fed with normal commercial feed only; groups B, C, D and E received 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg kgG 1 Body Weight (BW) of the test substance, respectively.The results of the phytochemistry showed high content of phytates (49.27%) and other bioactive compounds in the leaf extracts.Results on the sperm parameters revealed significant reduction (p<0.05) in the sperm count, viability and motility.Sperm head abnormalities were also significant in the different groups with the highest recorded at 600 mg kgG 1 BW (8.75%).Although, there were no significant difference in the epididymides weight of rats in the different groups, the testes weight was significantly reduced (p<0.05).From the present results, there is a dire need to always apply caution on the use of B. spectabilis in combating diseases considering the possible adverse effects that it could pose on spermatogenic pathways.
Is it Worth the Hustle? A Multi-Country Replication of the Effort Moralization Effect and an Extension to Generational Differences in the Appreciation of Effort

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Inferring moral character of individuals is an adaptive need for social decision-making. The effort moralization effect describes the finding that people who exert more effort in a task are seen as more moral, even if higher effort does not enhance the outcome (e.g., higher performance or better quality). We replicated this effect, based on Celniker et al. (2023, Study 6), in countries not yet investigated (Germany and Mexico). Further, drawing on discussions around workforce participation (see ‘great resignation’ or ‘quiet quitting’) criticizing the lower work ethic of younger individuals (e.g., the so-called Gen Z), we tested whether (ineffective) effort is moralized less in younger individuals. Our findings support the generalizability of effort moralization to Germany and Mexico, yet point to heterogeneity in effect strength. However, our findings do not support the hypothesis that effort moralization increases with age. We discuss further implications and limitations of these findings and suggest avenues for future research on effort moralization.Keywords:
Estimator selection: End-performance metric aspects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently, a framework for application-oriented optimal experiment design has been introduced. In this context, the distance of the estimated system from the true one is measured in terms of a particular end-performance metric. This treatment leads to superior unknown system estimates to classical experiment designs based on usual pointwise functional distances of the estimated system from the true one. The separation of the system estimator from the experiment design is done within this new framework by choosing and fixing the estimation method to either a maximum likelihood (ML) approach or a Bayesian estimator such as the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Since the MMSE estimator delivers a system estimate with lower mean square error (MSE) than the ML estimator for finite-length experiments, it is usually considered the best choice in practice in signal processing and control applications. Within the application-oriented framework a related meaningful question is: Are there endperformance metrics for which the ML estimator outperforms the MMSE when the experiment is finite-length? In this paper, we affirmatively answer this question based on a simple linear Gaussian regression example.
An intelligent 2.45 GHz multidimensional beam-scanning X-array for modern RFID reader

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As part of the general identification procedure, radio frequency identification (RFID) is an essential field of research in the modern industrial automation. Radio frequency identification is among the most technically advanced methods of collecting data automatically, This paper presents an intelligent 2.45 GHz multidimensional beam-scanning array for an RFID reader. The design is based on the paper industry needs but is still applicable to other fields of industry. New current amplitude distribution is applied to feed the array elements. With this amplitude current distribution the -37.5 dB side lobe level is achieved while maintaining the half power beam width at the same as Dolph-Chebyshev current amplitude distribution with the side lobe level of -30 dB. Thus, the new distribution is a compromise of binomial and Dolph-Chebyshev. The system level description of the intelligent beam-scanning array is also discussed.
[Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): an alternative for the treatment of children with terminal chronic renal insufficiency in Argentina].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty three children aged 0.4 to 15 years, (x 7.5 years) with end-stage renal disease were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over 46 months. The mean time of treatment for the group was 13 months (range 1.0 to 31 months). Sixty five percent of the patients had readmission after catheter placement; 53% were for peritonitis. Nine out of 23 patients (39%), presented 20 episodes of peritonitis, an incidence of one episode per 15 patient months. Gram positive organisms were culture in 60% of these episodes. A total of 26 peritoneal catheters were placed in 23 patients. Of the five catheters that required replacement, three were for peritonitis. Seven out of 23 patients had nephrotic syndrome when admitted to CAPD, four of which develop peritonitis. Although no difference was seen between nephrotic and non nephrotic patients in relation to CAPD initiation and peritonitis development, nephrotic patients without peritonitis and non nephrotic had significantly higher initial growth index for height and iron binding capacity than those with nephrotic syndrome and peritonitis (-1.71 +/- 0.90 vs -2.29 +/- 0.27, P less than 0.05, and 265 +/- 50.5 vs 175 +/- 5.0 mg/dL, P less than 0.0005, respectively). No difference in mean plasma gamma globulin concentration was seen between patients with and without peritonitis. In 14 patients followed for a period greater than to 6 months, the delta growth index for weight and height and was: -0.13 +/- 0.31 and -0.31 +/- 0.46, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trends in the annual snow melt-out day over the French Alps and the Pyrenees from 38 years of high resolution satellite data (1986–2023)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Information on the spatial-temporal variability of the seasonal snow cover duration over long time periods is critical to study the response of mountain ecosystems to climate change. However, this information is often lacking due to the sparse distribution of in situ observations or the lack of adequate remote sensing products. Here, we combined snow cover data from ten different optical platforms including SPOT 1-5, Landsat 5-8 and Sentinel-2A&amp;B to build a time series of the annual snow melt out day (SMOD, i.e. the first day of no snow cover) at 20 m resolution across the French Alps and the Pyrenees (43×103 km2). We evaluated the pixel-wise accuracy of the computed SMOD using in situ snow measurements at 344 stations. We found that the residuals are unbiased (median error of 1 day) despite a dispersion (RMSE of 28 days), which suggests that this dataset can be used to study SMOD trends after spatial aggregation. We found an average reduction of 20.4 days (5.51 days per decade) over the French Alps and of 14.9 days (4.04 day per decade) over the Pyrenees over the period 1986–2023. The SMOD reduction is robust and significant in most part of the French Alps and can reach one month above 3000 m. The trends are less consistent and more spatially variable in the Pyrenees. This dataset is available for future studies of mountain ecosystems changes and is updated every year using Sentinel-2 data.
Asparagine-Linked Sugar Chains of Glycoproteins in Calf Thymocyte Plasma Membrane<subtitle>Isolation and Fractionation of Oligosaccharides Liberated by Hydrazinolysis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></subtitle>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The plasma membrane glycoproteins of calf thymocytes were converted to glycopeptides by exhaustive pronase digestion. Glycopeptides with asparagine-linked sugar chains were separated from those with mucine-type sugar chains by Bio-Gel P-10 column chromatography. The asparagine-linked sugar chains were released as oligosaccharides from the peptide moiety by hydrazinolysis and labeled by reduction with NaB[3H]4. The radioactive oligosaccharides were fractionated into fifteen acidic components and ten neutral components by combination of paper electrophoresis and Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography. The acidic nature of all fifteen acidic components can be ascribed to their N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. The Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatographic patterns of the neutral oligosaccharide fraction and of the neutral fraction obtained on sialidase treatment of the pooled acidic oligosaccharide fraction were totally different, indicating that the acidic oligosaccharides are not simple sialyl derivatives of the neutral oligosaccharides.
Communication and Network Crisis : Mapping of Important Actors in the #BersatuLawanCovid19 Campaign on Twitter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia seems to not be out of the crisis caused by natural and non-natural disasters, this indicates the need for a crisis communication strategy in the face of disaster.March 2020 Indonesia to become one of the positive countries Covid-19, requires a strategic approach and communication plan tailored to the characteristics of Indonesian society.This research uses the theory of communication networks to illustrate crisis communication and analyze communication actors during the Covid-19 disaster in Indonesia.This study was conducted in the period 13-17 April 2020, where Indonesia is still experiencing a Covid-19 pandemic crisis.The results of this study showed the existence of @BNPB_Indonesia account as the Indonesian Disaster Management Agency was very severe in campaigning #BersatuLawanCovid19 during the Covid-19 disaster crisis as an invitation to involve the community in the face of a Covid-19 disaster.The concept of network analysis during the Covid-19 crisis was illustrated by digital mapping #BersatuLawanCovid19 in the Twitter platform of the @BNPB_Indonesia account observed 716 nodes (actors) and 670 Edge (line/relationship), in addition to BNPB there are actors from the government as eigenvector which has a very high influence in the network (@kemenkesri, @jokowi, @fadlizon, @infomitigasi, @ramlirizal, @divhumas_polri) Actor is referred to as a virtual social group interconnected in computer-mediated communication.Communication channels through the Twitter platform can be used as a network of communication in the dissemination of information during the Covid-19 crisis.
Influence of different types of organizational culture on total quality management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Total quality management is a philosophy that organisations can use to improve their performance. However, organisations often overemphasize TQM techniques and tools. TQM implementation requires a change in total organisational culture in order to shift the responsibility to management, and continuous participation of all in the quality improvement process. Organizational culture construction and enterprises TQM activities lack close contact and cannot really penetrate the quality activities, production of the enterprise, and business operation. This study focuses on the influence of different types (clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture, hierarchy culture) of organizational culture on total quality management. This study aims to examine the relationships between clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture, hierarchy culture and TQM practice implementation. Quantitative analysis method has been selected and questionnaire has been employed to collected primary data. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed to managers, or supervisors, or quality department staffs of Chinese small and medium enterprises located in Henan, China. Respondents returned 139 useful questionnaires, for a response rate of 36.20%. The collected data has been analysed in detail by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. According to the findings, there are positive relations between clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture and TQM practice implementation. There is a negative relation between hierarchy culture and TQM practice implementation. We have suggested few recommendations for future research and Chinese SMEs at the end of this study.
Effect of theophylline on binding of cortisol to cytosolic receptors of human leukocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the cytosol of human leukocytes effect of theophylline on cortisol binding was investigated by charcoal-dextran assay. The presence of theophylline enhances the rate of binding of [3H] cortisol to the receptor and increases its apparent affinity for the steroid. A high affinity (apparent association constants: without theophylline KA = 0.10 x 10(10) 1 . mol-1 and with Ka = 0.14 x 10(10) 1 . mol-1) and low capacity (number of binding sites was for both examples practically the same N = 2.7 f mol . mg-1 of protein) of binding sites for cortisol were found.
Technika, autonomie a etika: ke stému výročí Čapkova dramatu R. U. R.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Čapek’s drama R. U. R., which is rather a social dystopia than a science fi ction (the principle of functioning of robots is not suggested, the drama is focused on the impact on humanity), shows the double face of technology: Th e dream about the “liberation of work” easily takes a turn for its opposite, and for destruction of humanity in consequence of ruthless utilization of the technological achievement for selfi sh economical and militaristic interests. „Autonomous technology“, which is not controlled by human aims any more, but by the rules of its own development, became an important subject of philosophy and ethics of technology (e.g. in works by J. Ellul, H. Jonas), and has a warning eff ect. Today, Industry 4.0 and the process of robotization bring new promises, but also new problems. Th e legacy of Karel Čapek includes values of humanism and understanding for other people’s views and needs, which is valuable for developing ethics of technology in democratic society.
The Future Strikes Back: Using Future Treatments to Detect and Reduce Hidden Bias

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Conventional advice discourages controlling for postoutcome variables in regression analysis. By contrast, we show that controlling for commonly available postoutcome (i.e., future) values of the treatment variable can help detect, reduce, and even remove omitted variable bias (unobserved confounding). The premise is that the same unobserved confounder that affects treatment also affects the future value of the treatment. Future treatments thus proxy for the unmeasured confounder, and researchers can exploit these proxy measures productively. We establish several new results: Regarding a commonly assumed data-generating process involving future treatments, we (1) introduce a simple new approach and show that it strictly reduces bias, (2) elaborate on existing approaches and show that they can increase bias, (3) assess the relative merits of alternative approaches, and (4) analyze true state dependence and selection as key challenges. (5) Importantly, we also introduce a new nonparametric test that uses future treatments to detect hidden bias even when future-treatment estimation fails to reduce bias. We illustrate these results empirically with an analysis of the effect of parental income on children’s educational attainment.
The two‐sided nature of individual and intragroup experiences in the aftermath of collective victimization: Findings from four diaspora groups

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Most social psychological research on collective victimhood has examined its consequences for intergroup relations. Less attention has been paid to individual and intragroup processes associated with collective victimization, which the present study aimed to examine. We conducted eight focus group interviews among four diaspora communities (Armenian Americans, Burundian refugees, Jewish Americans, Nepali‐speaking Bhutanese refugees) with historical or more recent experiences of collective victimization. Thematic analysis revealed three major foci shared across communities (but with different emphases within each focus), which included juxtaposed themes that highlight the two‐sided nature of experiencing and coping with collective victimization and its aftermath: Vulnerability and struggle versus resilience and strength, loss versus continuity and renewal, and silence about versus transmission of knowledge about ingroup victimization. These findings illustrate how groups integrate seemingly opposite poles of collective victimization that characterize this complex and multifaceted experience, which has important theoretical implications.
On Razorʼs Edge: (S)Hell of a Mussell Impaction With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Esophageal seafood shell impactions have been reported to cause erosions, tears, perforations and fistulae due to sharp broken edges. Severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage as an initial presentation can very rarely occur due to tears and lacerations by razor sharp edges, particularly if lodged for prolonged period due to esophageal peristalsis. They require early recognition and removal, which may be very difficult. We report a rare case of such a challenging broken mussel shell impaction with delayed presentation causing severe pain and hemorrhage and discuss the methodology employed for successful retrieval and management of such difficult shell ingestions.Figure: Impacted broken (umbo/dorsal) edge in crico-pharynx.Figure: Retrieved mussel shell with broken sharp (umbo/dorsal) edge and intact ventral beveled egde.Figure: Lacerations in the upper esophagus with bleeding.A 79 year old woman presented to ED with neck pain and spitting up blood after consumption of Italian seafood pasta 2 hours post consumption. She signed out against medical advice after initial ED presentation as she felt better and again presented to the ED 8 hours later with immense throat and neck pain and intermittent hematemesis. An urgent endoscopy revealed an impacted broken mussel shell in the upper esophagus with the broken beak/umbo/dorsal margin in the oropharyngeal sphincter (Image 1). This was grabbed with an alligator forceps and broken edge was snugged with the tip of scope to avoid lacerations and pushed down into the stomach. The shell was released in the fundus and subsequently grabbed with a Roth net. The broken sharp umbo/dorsal edge was snugged with the scope tip with ventrally beveled margins facing away to avoid trauma/laceration during withdrawal. The mesh of the net afforded some level of protection as well. Additionally, plenty of lubricant was applied on the scope externally and the scope was inserted all the way further down to pylorus to enable sufficient lubrication of esophagus prior to withdrawal of the Roth net with the broken shell. The shell was successfully withdrawn. Esophageal reintubation revealed lacerations akin to Mallory-Weiss tear in the upper esophagus (Image 3). This is a unique case presenting with hematemesis after consumption of Italian seafood pasta. Sea shell impaction should be suspected in such cases and our technique of grabbing the broken sharp (dorsal/umbo) edge and moving it down to stomach and providing enough esophageal lubrication and withdrawing in a Roth net, with the beveled ventral shell edge (Image 2) facing away from the scope, ensured a safe procedural outcome.
Plasmatubules – real modifications of the plasmalemma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plasmatubules are specific (approximately 20 nm diameter) evaginations of the plasmalemma, found at sites where high solute flux from apoplast to symplast is known, or inferred, to occur for short periods. First described in the distal, endosperm, end of barley scutellar epithelial cells, their structure has subsequently been confirmed using a range of both aqueous and non‐aqueous fixation techniques. Plasmatubules have now been described in a range of tissues and species, and examination of published micrographs indicates that this range could be extended further.
A Formal Model of Learner’s Annotations Dedicated to Web Services Invocation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Various models of learner’s annotative activity have been proposed in E-learning domain. This models which try to conceptualize the annotations of learner are used as basis of many annotations systems. In this article, we propose a new formal model of learner’s annotations dedicated to Web services invocation. This conceptual model, composed of ontology and pattern of annotation, tries to present the learner’s annotative activity as a means of invocation of appropriate Web services. Therefore, from a learner’s annotation we interpret a goal implicitly expressed and we try to discover and invoke a Web service which can meet the annotation’s object and consequently assist the learner in his learning activities.
STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW EFEKTIFITAS TANAMAN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERTENSI

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Based on WHO data in 2021, 1.28 billion adults in the age range of 30-79 years have hypertension. Meanwhile, according to the 2018 RISKESDAS report, a prevalence of 34,1% was found in Indonesia. The use of traditional medicine as complementary therapy has been highly developed and calculated, because it is believed to be safer, cost-effective, and less likely to induce side effect than chemical drug. One of them is use of Morinda citrifolia or noni to lower blood pressure. \nPurpose: The purpose of this study was to knowing the effectiveness of noni plants as complementary antihypertensive therapy, obtaining data on compounds in noni plants that play a role in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension, and explaining the relationship between the mechanism of action of each of these compounds as antihypertensives in noni plants. \nMethods: A narrative review, which is one type of literature review, is used in the research methodology to obtain descriptive qualitative data. database such as Google Scholar, Hindawi, MDPI, Science Direct, and Pubmed are used in this study. There were 3545 articles in the initial search and 11 final journals that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were archived in a tabulation table. \nResult and Conclusions: Secondary metabolite compounds from the noni plant (Morinda citrifolia) which are responsible for antihypertensives are coumarin scopoletin compounds (leaf markers), and rutin flavonoid groups (fruit markers). The mechanism of scopoletin and rutin is associated with their effect in inhibiting the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). So, it will reduce angiotensin II and aldosterone, have a vasodilation effect and potassium retention, and inhibit salt and water retention, then lower artery blood pressure.