jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Water Treatment Technology Solution for Sustainable Water Resource Management in the Marcellus Shale

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This Final Scientific/ Technical Report submitted with respect to Project DE-FE0000833 titled 'An Integrated Water Treatment Technology Solution for Sustainable Water Resource Management in the Marcellus Shale' in support of final reporting requirements. This final report contains a compilation of previous reports with the most current data in order to produce one final complete document. The goal of this research was to provide an integrated approach aimed at addressing the increasing water resource challenges between natural gas production and other water stakeholders in shale gas basins. The objective was to demonstrate that the AltelaRain{reg_sign} technology could be successfully deployed in the Marcellus Shale Basin to treat frac flow-back water. That objective has been successfully met.
Successive cyclicity, phases, and CED effects*

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. This paper discusses Chomsky’s (2008) phase‐based analysis of the Subject Condition (where islandhood is regarded as a locality constraint on phase edges ), paying particular attention to the claim that successive cyclic A‐movement can be used to circumvent islandhood in ϕ‐defective environments. Both hypotheses are considered in the context of Romance, where subextraction from (post‐verbal) subjects of transitive verbs has been reported to be possible since Uriagereka (1988) . The paper puts forward an analysis that recasts Activity Condition accounts of CED effects (see Boeckx 2003 ) within the framework of phases (see Chomsky 2000 through the present). As will be shown, such an approach is superior to previous ones in that it covers not only the standard cases (where subjects undergo local movement to SPEC‐T), but also those where islandhood is avoided through A‐movement.
Study on the Ultrasonic Wave Extraction about Notoginseng by the Thogonal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Under the operation of the ultrasonic wave extraction,the saponins from Panax notoginseng was exteacted in the ethanol.According to the output of extraction and the content of saponins,the optimal extraction technics was gained by the thogonal designL_9(3~4).The result respectively was 45℃,30min,2times and 85% ethanol.To testing 5 times in term of the optimal extraction technics,the the average recoveries of refine saponins was 16.3%,which was 2 times than conventional method,meanwhile relative standard deviations of R_(g_1) and R_1 was respectively was 2.84% and 2.99%.
Distribution and abundance of organic thiols

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of glutathione (GSH) in protecting against the toxicity of oxygen and oxygen by products is well established for all eukaryotes studied except Entamoeba histolytica which lacks mitochrondria, chloroplasts, and microtubules. The GSH is not universal among prokaryotes. Entamoeba histolytica does not produce GSH or key enzymes of GSH metabolism. A general method of thiol analysis based upon fluorescent labeling with monobromobimane and HPLC separation of the resulting thiol derivatives was developed to determine the occurrence of GSH and other low molecular weight thiols in bacteria. Glutathione is the major thiol in cyanobacteria and in most bacteria closely related to the purple photosynthetic bacteria, but GSH was not found in archaebacteria, green bacteria, or GRAM positive bacteria. It suggested that glutathione metabolism was incorporated into eukaryotes at the time that mitochondria and chloroplasts were acquired by endosymbiosis. In Gram positive aerobes, coenzyme A occurs at millimolar levels and CoA disulfide reductases are identified. The CoA, rather than glutathione, may function in the oxygen detoxification processes of these organisms.
Mesoscale Effective Property Simulations Incorporating Conductive Binder

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion battery electrodes are composed of active material particles, binder, and conductive additives that form an electrolyte-filled porous particle composite. The mesoscale (particle-scale) interplay of electrochemistry, mechanical deformation, and transport through this tortuous multi-component network dictates the performance of a battery at the cell-level. Effective electrode properties connect mesoscale phenomena with computationally feasible battery-scale simulations. We utilize published tomography data to reconstruct a large subsection (1000+ particles) of an NMC333 cathode into a computational mesh and extract electrode-scale effective properties from finite element continuum-scale simulations. We present a novel method to preferentially place a composite binder phase throughout the mesostructure, a necessary approach due difficulty distinguishing between non-active phases in tomographic data. We compare stress generation and effective thermal, electrical, and ionic conductivities across several binder placement approaches. Isotropic lithiation-dependent mechanical swelling of the NMC particles and the consideration of strain-dependent composite binder conductivity significantly impact the resulting effective property trends and stresses generated. Lastly, our results suggest that composite binder location significantly affects mesoscale behavior, indicating that a binder coating on active particles is not sufficient and that more accurate approaches should be used when calculating effective properties that will inform battery-scale models in this inherently multi-scale battery simulation challenge.
The effectiveness of Self-, Peer- and Teacher-Corrected Writing on Writing Achievement of Undergraduate Political Science Students at Thammasat University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of self- and peer-correction techniques on students’ writing ability. Thirty-six political science students were assigned to either control or experimental groups. Throughout a semester, the former received instruction with teacher correction while the latter practiced correcting errors on their own and with their peers. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the writing achievement of both groups. The participants, however, revealed positive attitudes toward peer- and teacher-corrected writing. They most preferred writing instruction with a combination of teacher-, peer- and self-correction techniques. ผวจยไดศกษาประสทธภาพของเทคนคการสอนทกษะการเขยนภาษาองกฤษ โดยใหผเรยน แกไขขอผดพลาดดวยตวเองและผเรยนแกไขขอผดพลาดรวมกบเพอน เพอเปรยบเทยบกบเทคนคการแกไขขอผดพลาดของคร โดยแบงนกศกษาคณะรฐศาสตร มหาวทยาลยธรรมศาสตร จำนวน 36 คน ออกเปน 2 กลม ๆ ละ 18 คน เปนกลมควบคม และกลมทดลอง กลมควบคมไดรบการแกไขขอผดพลาดจากคร ในขณะทกลมทดลองฝกการเขยนโดยวธทผเรยนแกไขขอผดพลาดดวยตวเองและชวยกนแกไขขอผดพลาดกบเพอน จากผลการวจยพบวา ผลสมฤทธของทง 2 กลม ไมมความแตกตางอยางมนยสำคญทางสถต ผเรยนสวนใหญมทศนคตทดตอวธการแกไขขอผดพลาดโดยเพอนและคร และพอใจใหครใช 3 วธรวมกน คอ คร เพอน และผเรยนรวมกนแกไขขอผดพลาดในการเขยน
Expression of WNT3 in Human Gastric Carcinoma with Different Differentiation Degrees

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The WNT3 expression in gastric carcinoma with different differentiation degrees,which from different patients,was examined to explore the roles of WNT3 in the pathogenesis of human gastric carcinoma.WNT3 transcription and translation levels were compared among 46 well,55moderately and 58 poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma tissues by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.Normal gastric tissue was used as control.As revealed by real-time PCR results,WNT3 mRNA expression in different differentiated gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than control group(P0.05).The expression levels of wnt3 protein in different differentiated gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than in control group(P 0.05),and the protein levels gradually increased in well,moderately and poorly differentiated tissues,respectively.Moreover,the wnt3 protein level was only affected by whether the gastric carcinoma had metastasized to the lymph node,but not the sex and age of patients.Therefore,wnt3 could be an important factor to start the WNT classic signal pathway,then take part in the gastric carcinoma genesis and development process.
β-Pro7Ang III is a novel highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, which acts as a vasodepressor agent via the AT2R in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that individual β-amino acid substitution in angiotensin (Ang) II reduced Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) but not Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-binding and that the heptapeptide Ang III exhibited greater AT2R:AT1R selectivity than Ang II. Therefore, we hypothesized that β-amino-acid-substituted Ang III peptide analogues would yield highly selective AT2R ligands, which we have tested in binding and functional vascular assays. In competition binding experiments using either AT1R- or AT2R-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, novel β-substituted Ang III analogues lacked appreciable AT1R affinity, whereas most compounds could fully displace 125I-Sar1Ile8 Ang II from AT2R. The rank order of affinity at AT2R was CGP42112 &gt; Ang III &gt; β-Pro7 Ang III=Ang II &gt; β-Tyr4 Ang III ≥ PD123319 &gt;&gt; β-Phe8 Ang III &gt;&gt; β Arg2 Ang III=β-Val3 Ang III &gt;&gt; β-Ile5 Ang III. The novel analogue β-Pro7 Ang III was the most selective AT2R ligand tested, which was &gt;20 000-fold more selective for AT2R than AT1R. IC50 values at AT2R from binding studies correlated with maximum vasorelaxation in mouse aortic rings. Given that β-Pro7 Ang III was an AT2R agonist, we compared β-Pro7 Ang III and native Ang III for their ability to reduce blood pressure in separate groups of conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Whereas Ang III alone increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), β-Pro7 Ang III had no effect. During low-level AT1R blockade, both Ang III and β-Pro7 Ang III, but not Ang II, lowered MAP (by ∼30 mmHg) at equimolar infusions (150 pmol/kg/min for 4 h) and these depressor effects were abolished by the co-administration of the AT2R antagonist PD123319. Thus, β-Pro7 Ang III has remarkable AT2R selectivity determined in binding and functional studies and will be a valuable research tool for insight into AT2R function and for future drug development.
[Molecular structure and immunochemical properties of highly purified hemagglutinin from Clostridium botulinum type A].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A procedure for isolation of highly purified hemagglutinin from a toxic complex of culture filtrates of Cl. botulinum type A is described. This procedure includes precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, chromatography on Sephadex G-100, G-200 and DEAE-cellulose, specific adsorption on human erythrocytes and affinity chromatography. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was shown that hemagglutinin is a heteropolymeric protein consisting of a monomer (Mr 53 000) and a trimer (Mr 160 000). The monomer is made up of two subunits with Mr 13 000 and one subunit with Mr 27 000 covalently linked by SS-crosslinks. The number and nature of the SS-crosslinks and SH-groups in the protein molecule were determined and a hypothetical structural model of hemagglutinin was proposed. Using immunochemical analysis, it was shown that some (but not all) serological properties of the highly purified protein from Cl. botulinum type A and of its partially purified counterpart are similar to those of hemagglutinin from Cl. botulinum type B.
In-hospital mortality and its predictors in a cohort of SLE from Northern India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Mortality in SLE has a bimodal peak with early deaths mainly related to disease activity and infection. Although mortality has reduced over years, it is still two to three folds compared to the general population. In India due to increased burden of infection and limited access to health care, the causes may be different. Methods Retrospective, review of records of all adult SLE patients fulfilling ACR 1997 criteria, who died in hospital between 2000-2019 at a teaching hospital in India was done. In addition, baseline clinical features were extracted for all adult SLE patients seen during this period. Infections were either bacteriologically proven or based on clinicradiological or serologic evidence. Active disease was defined as SLEDAI 2k ≥ 5. Logistic regression was performed to ascertain risk factors for mortality. Results A total of 1337 (92% females) patient records were reviewed .The mean age at presentation was 29.9 ± 9 years.60–75% of patients had fever, mucocutaneous disease and arthritis, while nephritis, hematologic, serositis and neurologic involvement was seen in 48.6%, 43.2%, 16% and 10.3% respectively as presenting mainfestations. There were 80 in hospital deaths .Infection was the most common cause of death, with 37 due to infection alone and in 24 disease activity also contributed. Only 18 deaths were due to active disease. Among bacterial infections lung was the most common site and gram negative organism were the most common pathogens. There were 10 deaths due to Tuberculosis(TB) and half of them had disseminated disease. Patients with disease activity had a SLEDAI of 14.8 ± 6.4, with neurological, renal and cardiovascular involvement being the major contributors to mortality in 11, 7 and 6 cases respectively. Higher age at onset, male gender, fever, myositis, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal involvement, vasculitis, elevated serum creatinine at baseline were independent predictors of death. Conclusion Infections are the most common cause of in-hospital mortality in SLE and TB still accounts for 15% of deaths related to infection. Vasculitis, myositis, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal involvement emerged as novel predictors of mortality in our cohort.
Quantization revisited: a mathematical and computational model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A nascent theory of near division is presented, from which an efficient quantization algorithm for rhythm intervals is derived. Based on a number theoretic analysis of the uniqueness and convergence of this first algorithm, a generalized algorithm is presented. An empirical study of the algorithm's performance reveals a readily computable criterion within which the perceived ratio may reliably be produced on real performance data. Distribution properties are shown to be reasonable for computation.
HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES-CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS IN CALIFORNIA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fully or partially fluorinated chemicals used in industrial and consumer products, resistant to biotic and abiotic degradation. PFAS are frequently detected in various environmental matrices, and their bioaccumulative potential adversely affects human health. While prior studies have extensively documented the occurrence of PFAS in environmental media, few have focused on exposure to PFAS and the associated human health risks. This research comprehensively documented the statewide occurrence of PFAS in public water systems (PWS) for the first time. In this study, we calculated the Hazard Indices (HI) for four commonly detected PFAS: perfluorohexane-sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), and Hexafluoropropylene Oxide (HFPO-DA). Additionally, we calculated the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Findings suggest many well sites (geolocations) in California exceeded the regulatory thresholds (HI<1 and ILCR < 1x10-6), suggesting potentially elevated health risks for residents in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Approximately 4% of examined geolocations exceeded the ILCR threshold, while 20% of the locations exceeded the HI threshold. Geolocations containing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were primarily located in economically disadvantaged communities. Specifically, residents of the Orange Coastal Plain and Los Angeles, who rely on groundwater from sub-basins with extensive PFAS contamination, are at higher risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted initiatives to remove PFAS from drinking water systems and protect public health.
SV Kommandor Jack Cruise 01/05, 11 Jul – 08 Aug 2005. Multibeam bathymetry and high resolution sidescan sonar surveys within the SEA7 area of the UK continental shelf

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The objectives of the SV Kommandor Jack 01/05 cruise were to collect EM120, and where water depths permit, EM1002 multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data, and also where desired, high resolution sidescan sonar data, over Anton Dohrn Seamount, George Bligh and Rosemary Banks, the eastern margin of Rockall Bank and selected areas of Hatton Bank. The aims were to
a) create high quality bathymetric maps of the survey areas
b) create acoustic backscatter maps over the same areas
c) when possible, define the extent of any potential coral habitats
d) create high resolution bathymetric, backscatter and sonar maps of specific features as may be discovered, such as mud diapers, carbonate mounds etc.
e) complete, during the cruise, a preliminary interpretation of the above data, to be used as a guide for the sampling and seabed photography cruise which followed immediately.
This was a highly successful cruise with virtually all cruise objectives achieved. 6,384 line-km of multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were obtained in water depths between 150 and 2,400 m. In addition, approximately 240 line-km of high resolution sidescan sonar were collected in depths between 150 and 1,500 m, and 6,323 line-km of high resolution CHIRP profiles were also collected.
Additional file 1 of Diversity and composition of the Panax ginseng rhizosphere microbiome in various cultivation modesand ages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Estimation of microbial communities by alpha diversity. A, Alpha diversity of fungal communities between NCK and LCK. B, Alpha diversity of fungal communities among LCK, L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. Estimation of alpha diversity representing two biological replicates for the NCK samples, and three biological replicates for the each rhizospheric soil sample (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
Games user research

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Games User Research (GUR) is an emerging field that ties together Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Game Development. The GUR community has rapidly evolved over the past few years (spawning an International Game Developers Association Special Interest Group). In this workshop, we are investigating different methodologies currently used in practice. We will highlight benefits and drawbacks in assessing game design issues hoping to gain insights into player experience. The outcome will be a collection of best practices online, showing practitioners and researchers how to apply these techniques. We will also peer-review and publish extended versions of paper submissions in a Cognitive Science Research Papers Special Issue on GUR. This will extend the discussion of topics beyond the workshop and serve as a platform for future work.
STK1, a MAP kinase gene from Setosphaeria turcica, confers preferable tolerance to sodium salt stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Setosphaeria turcica, a serious fungal plant pathogen that causes northern corn leaf blight, is a filamentous, heterothallic ascomycete. STK1 gene, cloned from S. turcica, encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that is homologous to Hog1 inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and other MAP kinases related to osmoregulation in filamentous fungi. Its encoded protein, Stk1, contains all the conserved domains that characterize Hog1-homologues. STK1 expression restores the S. cerevisiae hog1 null mutant phenotype in the complementation test under salt and oxidative stress. The signal transduction pathway may be similar between S. turcica and S. cerevisiae, in which STK1plays a key function in resistance to environmental stress. Transformants with STK1 are more tolerant of 1 M NaCl than the wild-type strains based on the growth rate test and determination of intracellular glycerol concentration. Key words: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Setosphaeria turcica.
Exosomes as Biomarker of Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Rapid advances in medicine and biotechnology resulted in the development of non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers enabling convenient and accurate detection. Exosomes has recently emerged as non-invasive biomarker for a number of diseases including cancer. Exosomes are the small endosome originated membranous vesicles secreted in a number of biological fluids such as serum, saliva, urine, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, etc. Exosomes contain microRNA proteins and mRNA which can be used as disease specific biomarkers. Here we reviewed recent advancement in the field of exosomes as diagnostic biomarker for cancer along with a brief overview of their biogenesis, function and isolation.
Turbine Oil Degradation and Its Effects on Performance of a Terry Turbine in Nuclear Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In 2011, during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, a steam turbine driven safety system, Reactor Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC), operated under conditions it was previously expected to fail during, surpassing its expected run time by approximately sixty hours. This opened for questions such as why the expected run time was so short, whether the system could be relied on for longer run times during beyond design conditions, and why the turbine failed when it did. This specific steam turbine is a Terry designed turbine, used in both Boiling Water Reactors and Pressurized Water Reactors, but there are little data available on the performance of the turbine and even less data available on why its operating conditions are set the way they are. In order to address the previous questions of the turbine behavior at beyond-design-basis conditions and turbine failure modes, the focus was placed on hypothesized reasons for turbine failure. Specifically, the failure mode regarding beyond-design-basis conditions for the oil lubrication system during extended periods was to be observed. The focus of this research is looking at the changes of turbine oil while exposed to heat and the turbine’s bearing degradation due to noted changes of the turbine oil. A new facility needed to be designed in order to test degradation at a variety of temperatures and other conditions for a prototype RCIC turbine and smaller sized Terry turbines. A new facility was designed in the Nuclear Heat Transfer Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University to carry out these studies. In this thesis research, the facility was constructed and operated gathering initial data successfully to show proper performance for acquiring new data which will be used to improve the reliability of the Terry turbine driven systems in nuclear applications. A 72-hour heated oil test was conducted. Data on the change of oil color (the oil darkened considerably), particulate/residue in the oil after sampling (as measured in a high-accuracy scale), and bearing performance on a Model ZS-1 Terry turbine were acquired.