jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Perception of the National Ideology of Kemalism and Its Effects on Kurdish Pupils

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is based on an empirical study examining Turkish and Kurdish teachers' perception of the national ideology of Kemalism and its effects on Kurdish pupils.A semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 teachers working in the east/southeast provinces of Turkey, which are predominantly inhabited by Kurds.The findings revealed that the Kemalist ideology has serious negative effects on Kurdish pupils, as it directly excludes and alienates the Kurdish identity.This paper also showed that the dominance of Kemalism in education seems to trigger a lot of other issues existing in society such as the exclusion of non-Turks and polarisation.
The Impact of Liberal Religion on Richard Ely's Economic Methodology

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Richard T. Ely's economic methodology was heavily influenced by the scholarship of nineteenth-century liberal German Protestantism. It held that religious beliefs, even scripture, were not final truths but evolving expressions of historical experience. Thus historical and empirical study of religion and its documents in their contexts was crucial. The outlook influenced other disciplines, including economics, by the time Ely obtained his doctorate in Germany. The approach was compatible with tendencies the young Ely had already evinced, and the outlook continued long into his American career. In particular, Ely consistently attacked laissez-faire economics for positing absolute economic laws rather than understanding the economy and economics as human enterprises subject to change. He advocated for empirical economic research as an antidote to the static premises of laissez-faire. As an economic reformer, Ely realized that the determinism of laissez-faire was fatal to reform and ethics; by definition, one cannot change practices dictated by unchanging laws. Even when he was not advocating specific reforms, Ely consistently taught that economic institutions and ideas are human creations, subject to change and improvement, and not manifestations of unchangeable economic laws beyond the reach of human will.
The Netherlands: slow development and reluctant state intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Dutch railway system evolved comparatively late and slowly. This was originally caused by limited fiscal capacities and strong trust in the extant transport system by water. Yet, another relevant explanation is that between 1848 and 1868 there was a deep divide over the constitution between the king and the Liberal majority in parliament. The collateral damage was that essential decision-making was delayed and prevented a further development of the country’s railway network. Dutch railways ‘took off’ only after the 1870s, albeit in a prudent fashion. After 1945 the Dutch railways became a fiscal burden. During the 1990s the Dutch government followed and implemented EU directives quickly and reformed the network organization and privatized its railway operation.
Study of the Growth of Eurotium Cristatum Fungi on Some Kinds of Tea and Plant Materials

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The growth of Eurotium Cristatum on some kinds of tea and plant materials in simulated processing condition of Fu-brick tea was investigated.Results showed that the Eurotium Cristatum fungi grew very well on different kinds of tea and plant materials without inoculation.It was demonstrated as the Eurotium Cristatum fungi through sensory evaluation and microscopic examination after it was separated and cultivated.The nutrition of Eurotium Cristatum fungi,the pathway spore dissemination,and the possibility in the application and development of multi-function healthy tea were also discussed.
Value of color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of elderly type 2 diabetic patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of elderly type 2 diabetic lower extremity arterial obstructive lesions.Methods Totally 98 cases of elderly type 2 diabetic lower extremity arterial occlusive disease in the observation group,97 healthy volunteers as control group,underwent color Doppler ultrasound examination of lower limbs.between lower extremity arterial diameter stenosis and occlusion of the lumen,wall plaques and blood flows were compared.Results In observation group,color Doppler ultrasound shows the lower extremity arterial plaque,stenosis and obliteration rates were 62.24%,74.49%and 24.49%,significantly higher than the control(P0.01).The patients femoral artery,popliteal artery and dorsalis pedis artery vessel diameter(6.32±0.55) mm,(4.97±0.82) mm and(1.56±0.32) mm,significantly narrower than the control(P0.01).Femoral artery,popliteal artery and dorsalis pedis arterial blood flow(37.9±7.2) mm3/s,respectively(11.8±2.8) mm3/s and(0.9±0.4) mm3/s,significantly lower than the control group(P0.01).Conclusions Inthe diagnosis of lower extremity arterial lesions of type 2 diabetes mellitus,color Doppler ultrasound has the ability to accurately evaluate the arterial wall,lumen,and hemodynamic parameters,with a higher value.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 46554

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: RAIMONI
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 46554
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1977-03-21
Other identifiers: n/a,347784
Historical: No
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
Book review: Image politics in the Middle East: the role of the visual in political struggle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Politics in the Middle East is now seen and the image is playing a central part in processes of political struggle. This book aims to engage directly with these changing ways of communicating politics in the region. Lina Khatib presents a cross-country examination of emerging trends in the use of visuals in political struggles in the Middle East, from the Cedar Revolution in Lebanon to the Green Movement in Iran, to the Arab Spring in Egypt, Syria and Libya. Olivia Mason finds it a thought-provoking read utilizing sources from numerous academic disciplines.
Unresolved grief in the family.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unresolved grief after a death in the family may have serious consequences not merely for individuals but for entire families, from grandparents to grandchildren. When the grieving process is abnormal or incomplete, the problem may manifest itself in the physician's office. Observation of a family system can reveal the extent of pathology and the nature of the blocks that keep grief alive. Treatment of unresolved grief ranges from a simple statement of the problem to extended therapy. The physician must be aware of this problem in order to manage it; the cases in this article illustrate presentations of unresolved grief in a variety of family members.
Spectroscopic Investigation on Anomalous Heating in Free Piston Shock Tunnel HIEST

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Emission spectroscopy is applied to a free piston shock tunnel, HIEST for the study on an anomalous heating. The emission spectra from the shock layer consist of the intense radiation from impurities, such as iron, chromium, nickel, aluminum, copper, and carbon. Only the emission line of atomic oxygen at 777 nm is the observed emission from the test gas, air. The radiation analysis code, SPRADIAN2 is used to estimate the number density of these species and temperature in the shock layer, and the number density of metallic impurities are found to be more than two orders of magnitude lower than those of atomic oxygen and nitrogen. And the temperature is approximately estimated at 7500 K.
Responses of neurons of the nucleus raphe obscurus to noxious stimuli.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Extracellular recordings were made from neurons located in the nucleus raphe obscurus (NRO), raphe magnus (NRM), and raphe pallidus (NRP) of urethane-anesthetized rats. Noxious cutaneous stimuli had excitatory, inhibitory or no effect on neurons of the raphe nuclei. Most of the neurons were excited by noxious stimuli. The distribution of responses of noxiously activated units in the NRO is similar to that observed in the NRM. It is suggested that the NRO is also a component of the endogenous pain suppression system that originates in the NRM.
The Relation Between Place Attachment and Management Preferences of Visitors at Remote Coastal Campsites in Western Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Visitors who exhibit place attachment often demonstrate greater concern regarding how a place is managed. However, the extent to which the dimensions of attachment are related to management preferences has not been sufficiently investigated. Place attachment of visitors to coastal campsites along the southern Ningaloo coastline of northwestern Australia and its relation with management preferences were examined via an onsite survey. The relation was investigated using a suite of routines in the non-parametric multivariate statistics package PRIMER v6, providing the first example of the use of these types of statistical approaches in place research. Place attachment was measured using the dimensions of Place Identity, Place Dependence, and Everybody's Happy (a new, affective-based dimension). Within each dimension, significantly different groups of visitors were identified based on differences in their responses to the place attachment survey items. This was achieved using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis in conjunction with a Similarity Profile (SIMPROF) test. Subsequent analysis using the BVSTEP procedure showed that the pattern of differences among visitors in their responses to place attachment items produced significant though weak correlations with their level of support for various management actions. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research on place and associated preferences for management actions.
Present research situation of wave-absorbing materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The mechanism of wave absorption of micro or nanomaterials is introduced,and the characteristics and research advances in the common wave-absorbing materials including ferrite,micro-powder of metals and polycrystal iron fiber,etc.,are summarized,with the emphasis on the characteristics of nanomaterials and their unique properties as wave-absorbing materials.The research status of carbon nanotubes and the left-handed material as wave-absorbing materials is discussed,and on the basis of that,the perspective of study on electrowave-absorbing materials is unfolded.
Strengthening drought management through institutional partnerships in Tamil Nadu

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Tamil Nadu, with its distinctive climatic conditions and significant reliance on monsoon rainfall, frequent grapples with drought. Effective drought management in the state relies on the collaborative efforts of diverse institutions, including government institutions, public-private partnerships, non-governmental organizations and research institutions. This review evaluates the strategies implemented by these entities-such as water resource optimization, agricultural interventions, the promotion of drought-resistant crop varieties and the implementation of sustainable farming practices. It further assesses the policy frameworks, institutional responsibilities and cooperative actions that shape drought management initiatives. Through a comprehensive analysis of institutional responses to water scarcity in Tamil Nadu, this review provides valuable insights for enhancing policy development and fostering more resilient drought management practices in the future.
Protective Effects of Nicotinamide on Mice Offspring Exposed to Cyclophosphamide during Pregnancy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nicotinamide participates in post transcriptional activities related to the maintenance of the original structure of the DNA.The chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide induces severe chromosomal abnormalities in newborns.Thus, we investigated the possible protective effects of nicotine on the toxic and teratogenic model induced by cyclophosphamide.Pregnant mice were divided into experimental groups and 2 (nicotinamide 100mg/ kg and 200mg/kg respectively); Experimental Group 3 (saline); Experimental group 4 (cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg); Associated Treaty 5 and 6 (nicotinamide 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg associated with cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg respectively).The results indicated that the exposure to nicotinamide in two doses, did not show any parameter of toxicity.We found that associated treatments and 6 have been unable to minimize the adverse effects induced by cyclophosphamide on maternal toxicity and congenital malformations.However, the group associated with nicotinamide at a dose of 200mg/kg showed a protective effect on the increase in reabsorption rate, and nicotinamide in the two tested doses showed protective effects on decreased fetal and placental weight induced by cyclophosphamide.The results of this study showed that nicotinamide in a dose-dependent manner exerted protective effect and reduced the number of abortions and that the morbidity and mortality induced by cyclophosphamide was also reduced due to the nicotinamide.
The potential of palaeontology for science education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Science education frequently portrays science as a monolithic and experimental endeavour. Here, we argue that to counteract this simplistic conception of science, a reintroduction of the historically oriented sciences is in order. To this end, we analyse the discipline of palaeontology and its educational relevance. Using Kuhn’s disciplinary matrix, we deconstruct palaeontology into elements for educational purposes, and subsequently examine how these elements can be utilised to enrich contemporary science curricula. We conclude by discussing how including palaeontology in science education encourages diversity, pluralism, and ultimately, public interest in science.
Co-VAE: Drug-Target Binding Affinity Prediction by Co-Regularized Variational Autoencoders

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying drug-target interactions has been a key step in drug discovery. Many computational methods have been proposed to directly determine whether drugs and targets can interact or not. Drug-target binding affinity is another type of data which could show the strength of the binding interaction between a drug and a target. However, it is more challenging to predict drug-target binding affinity, and thus a very few studies follow this line. In our work, we propose a novel co-regularized variational autoencoders (Co-VAE) to predict drug-target binding affinity based on drug structures and target sequences. The Co-VAE model consists of two VAEs for generating drug SMILES strings and target sequences, respectively, and a co-regularization part for generating the binding affinities. We theoretically prove that the Co-VAE model is to maximize the lower bound of the joint likelihood of drug, protein and their affinity. The Co-VAE could predict drug-target affinity and generate new drugs which share similar targets with the input drugs. The experimental results on two datasets show that the Co-VAE could predict drug-target affinity better than existing affinity prediction methods such as DeepDTA and DeepAffinity, and could generate more new valid drugs than existing methods such as GAN and VAE.
StEER: A Community-Centered Approach to Assessing the Performance of the Built Environment after Natural Hazard Events

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since its founding in 2018, the Structural Extreme Events Reconnaissance (StEER) Network has worked to deepen the capacity of the Natural Hazards Engineering (NHE) community for coordinated and standardized assessments of the performance of the built environment following natural hazard events. This paper positions StEER within the field of engineering reconnaissance and the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI), outlining its organizational model for coordinated community-led responses to wind, seismic, and coastal hazard events. The paper’s examination of StEER’s event response workflow, engaging a range of hardware and delivering a suite of products, demonstrates StEER’s contributions in the areas of: workflow and data standardization, data reliability to enable field-observation-driven research &amp; development, efficiency in data collection and dissemination to speed knowledge sharing, near-real- time open data access for enhanced coordination and transparency, and flexibility in collaboration modes to reduce the “overhead” associated with reconnaissance and foster broad NHE community engagement in event responses as part of field and virtual assessment structural teams (FAST/VAST). StEER’s creation of efficient systems to deliver well-documented, reliable data suitable for diverse re-uses as well as rapidly disseminated synopses of the impact of natural hazard events on the built environment provide a distinctive complement to existing post-event reconnaissance initiatives. The implementation of these policies, protocols and workflows is then demonstrated with case studies from five events illustrating StEER’s different field response strategies: the Nashville, Tennessee Tornadoes (2020) – a Hazard Gradient Survey; the Palu Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia (2018) – a Representative Performance Study; the Puerto Rico Earthquakes (2019/2020) – using Targeted Case Studies; Hurricane Laura (2020) – leveraging Rapid Surveys to enable virtual assessments; and Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the Bahamas – a Phased Multi-Hazard Investigation. The use of these strategies has enabled StEER to respond to 36 natural hazard events, involving over 150 different individuals to produce 45 published reports/briefings, over 5000 publicly available app-based structural assessments, and over 1600 km (1000 mi) of street-level panoramic imagery in its first 2years of operation.
Mucosal repair in the rectum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Mucosal repair in the rectum Get access R J O'Connor R J O'Connor London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 44, Issue 183, July 1956, Pages 93–97, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18004418312 Published: 06 December 2005
Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process.
Spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral image using autoencoders

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a hot topic in the remote sensing community. This paper proposes a new framework of spectral-spatial feature extraction for HSI classification, in which for the first time the concept of deep learning is introduced. Specifically, the model of autoencoder is exploited in our framework to extract various kinds of features. First we verify the eligibility of autoencoder by following classical spectral information based classification and use autoencoders with different depth to classify hyperspectral image. Further in the proposed framework, we combine PCA on spectral dimension and autoencoder on the other two spatial dimensions to extract spectral-spatial information for classification. The experimental results show that this framework achieves the highest classification accuracy among all methods, and outperforms classical classifiers such as SVM and PCA-based SVM.
Enhancement of the upper critical field of Nb3Sn utilizing disorder introduced by ball milling the elements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nb3Sn was prepared by milling Nb and Sn powder mixtures followed by limited reactions to restrict disorder recovery. Although disorder reduced the superconducting critical temperature Tc, the concomitant electron scattering increased the upper critical field mu0Hc2 to as high as 35 T at 0 K, as determined by the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg equation. Hc2 was higher for longer milling times and lower annealing temperatures. Substitution of 2% Ti for Nb did not appreciably enhance Hc2, suggesting that alloying mitigates the benefits of disorder. Since alloyed Nb3Sn wires have mu0Hc2(0) approximately 29 T, wires based on heavily milled powders could extend the field range for applications if they can be made with high current density.