jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory signalling at the blood-brain barrier: Contributions of pericytes and endothelia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important protective structure that restricts the free passage of blood components and circulating immune cells into the brain. The BBB is primarily composed of endothelial cells that line the inside of the vessel, and is surrounded by pericytes that perform critical roles in its formation and maintenance. In this project, I aimed to examine aspects of inflammatory signalling at the BBB using primary human brain pericytes and endothelia. Initially, pericytes were characterised in human brain tissue to develop a panel of markers for pericytes in vitro. Characterisation studies validated that in vitro cultures of pericytes recapitulated their in situ phenotype, as well as identifying two novel markers of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in situ and in vitro. A protocol for the isolation of primary human brain endothelia was then developed to study the interactions of pericytes and endothelia in vitro, and these cultures were shown to retain their unique brain endothelial phenotype. Using cultures of pericytes and endothelia, differences in the inflammatory response of these two cell types were identified, including unique secretions, and differential sensitivity to inflammatory stimuli. Subsequently, the role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was investigated in greater detail. PDGF-BB was found to cause a proliferative response in brain pericytes, as has been found previously, but also induced the expression of inflammation-related secretions. The pathways through which this inflammatory response was mediated were dissected using genetic and pharmacological inhibitors. Interestingly, it was found that PDGF-BB altered pericyteendothelial interactions, stopping pericytes from strengthening the endothelial barrier. The role of PDGF-BB was investigated further in co-cultures, incorporating astrocytes, microglia, endothelia, and pericytes. It was observed that PDGF-BB improves the formation of blood vessel-like endothelial cords in vitro due to reduced cell death and increased expression of angiogenesis-associated molecules, reminiscent of its effects in vivo. The BBB is a critical structure in the brain, but has not yet been targeted to treat disease. Together these findings provide novel insights into cell-cell signalling at the BBB, and how these interactions are modified during inflammatory conditions. Because BBB damage and neuroinflammation are critical disease processes in neurological diseases, the factors that govern neuroinflammation at the BBB present potential drug targets to prevent the progression of AD.
Studi Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Mesin Perajang Gedebog Pisang Dengan Variasi Jumlah Pekerja

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Banana stem waste can be used as raw material for animal feed by reducing the size so that it is easy to consume. The Banana Stem Chopper Machine type TEP-2 can be used to chop banana stems into pieces measuring 2-5 cm. In this research, machine testing was carried out with treatment of 1, 2 and 3 workers, then chopping analysis, break even point analysis and feasibility analysis were carried out. This research aims to determine the economic feasibility of the Banana Stem Chopper Machine type TEP-2 with how many workers will gain maximum profit. The analysis results show that chopping with 1, 2 and 3 workers is suitable for economic purposes. The best performance occurred in chopping with 3 workers which resulted in a work capacity of 1382.74 kg/hour, basic chopping costs of IDR 260.84/kg and a break-even point of 10,002.60 kg/year. Productive working hours are 6 hours per day and the price for chopped banana stems is IDR 500/kg, the potential profit is IDR 309,531,548.00/year.Keywords : Banana stem waste, chopping machine, economic analysis, feasibility analysis
Devolution**

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper sets out an institutionalist framework for evaluating the impact of Europeanisation upon government. It applies this framework to the adaptation of UK central government over the period of integration up to devolution in 1999. A balance sheet is then drawn of the strengths and weaknesses of British central government’s adaptation. The paper then evaluates the challenges posed by the interaction of Europeanisation and devolution following the establishment of new devolved authorities in Wales and Scotland in summer 1999. The paper also highlights the paradox that the Blair government is seeking to utilise Whitehall in the pursuit of a more constructive European policy at precisely the time when devolution is making the domestic handling of policy more complex.
A threonine zipper that mediates protein–protein interactions: Structure and prediction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We present the structure of an engineered protein–protein interface between two beta barrel proteins, which is mediated by interactions between threonine (Thr) residues. This Thr zipper structure suggests that the protein interface is stabilized by close‐packing of the Thr residues, with only one intermonomer hydrogen bond (H‐bond) between two of the Thr residues. This Thr‐rich interface provides a unique opportunity to study the behavior of Thr in the context of many other Thr residues. In previous work, we have shown that the side chain ( χ 1 ) dihedral angles of interface and core Thr residues can be predicted with high accuracy using a hard sphere plus stereochemical constraint (HS) model. Here, we demonstrate that in the Thr‐rich local environment of the Thr zipper structure, we are able to predict the χ 1 dihedral angles of most of the Thr residues. Some, however, are not well predicted by the HS model. We therefore employed explicitly solvated molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to further investigate the side chain conformations of these residues. The MD simulations illustrate the role that transient H‐bonding to water, in combination with steric constraints, plays in determining the behavior of these Thr side chains. Broader Audience Statement: Protein–protein interactions are critical to life and the search for ways to disrupt adverse protein–protein interactions involved in disease is an ongoing area of drug discovery. We must better understand protein–protein interfaces, both to be able to disrupt existing ones and to engineer new ones for a variety of biotechnological applications. We have discovered and characterized an artificial Thr‐rich protein–protein interface. This novel interface demonstrates a heretofore unknown property of Thr‐rich surfaces: mediating protein–protein interactions.
Dilemas de diagnóstico de linfadenite necrotizante (doença de Kikuchi-Fujimoto).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, also called Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadentis, is a rare, benign and self-limited disease, with unknown etiology, that affects mainly young women, and is characterized by adenopathy (usually localized in the cervical region) and fever. Diagnosis is based on histopathological findings in ganglionar tissue obtained in excisional biopsy, which allows, in most cases, the differential diagnosis with other similar clinical conditions, but which have a completely different clinical evolution and therapeutic needs. We report a case of a twenty four year old woman with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy, in which histopathological examination followed by immunohistochemical analysis of ganglionar tissue revealed to be Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.
Supplementary Material from Coevolution of Solid Stress and Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Tumors During Progression: Implications for Vascular Collapse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Material - PDF file 594K, Supplementary Table S1. Values of the parameters calculated for the residual stretch ratio, �r1. Supplementary Table S2. Ratio of smaller to longer axis for peripheral arterioles and venules in different human tumor types. Supplementary Figure S1. Tumor opening and residual stretch ratio for a glioblastoma U87 ectopic tumor model grown on the flank of SCID mice. Supplementary Figure S2. The geometry of the domain and the boundary conditions employed. Supplementary Figure S3. Fitting of the model to the experimental growth data of E0771 tumors to derive the parameters a, �, and �max. Supplementary Figure S4.The Boundary conditions employed for the biphasic simulations. Supplementary Figure S5. Evolution of interstitial fluid pressure: Comparison of model predictions to experimentally derived data from Ref. 24.Supplementary Figure S6. Spatial profile of the total stress, defined as the sum of the fluid pressure with the average bulk solid stress, as a function of the parameter � and at day 10 of tumor growth.Supplementary Figure S7. Spatial distribution of interstitial fluid pressure for different values of the tumor hydraulic conducivity, Kt, keeping the conductivity of the normal tisuse, Kn=1x10-8 cm2/mmHg-s. Supplementary Figure S8. Radial stress distribution for two different shear moduli (20 kPa and 50 kPa) and for near incompressible (Poisson's ratio 0.5, top) and compressible tumors (Poisson's ratio 0.2, bottom). Supplementary Figure S9. Model predictions for incompressible vs. compressible mechanical behavior of tumors for different values of the Poisson's ratio, �. Supplementary Figure S10. Model predictions of tumor growth varying the parameters �, � and �max</p>
[Plastic surgery in cicatricial laryngo-tracheal stenosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and thirty-seven cases of cicatricial laryngotracheal stenosis have been treated within the past 10 years. Our cases were classified into 4 types according to the destruction of the cartilagenous frame and stenosis of the airway, they were: obstructive (or blocking), collapsed, centripetally constricted and obliterative. Operative designs included recanalization, repairing, enlargement and reconstruction of the airway. With appropriate treatment of the scar and residual tissues, the airway was then supported with a silicone T-tube. Except 1 case (0.7%), 132 cases (96.4%) were detubated after an average period of one year, 4 cases (2.9%) were still under treatment. Ninety-six cases had been followed up for 2-10 years, 93 (96.9%) of them were still satisfactory. It has been stressed that the local scar tissue should be utilized to repair the wall of the larynx or trachea; the residual mucosa should be utilized to cover the denuded area in order to promoter regeneration of the ciliated epithelium; and the pediatric patients should be treated early. The silicone T-tube seems to be an ideal support for remoulding the airway. It could be placed in position for a considerable long period so as to ensure the patency of the airway.
Performance of Mixed-Microbial Culture from Civet Fecal Suspensions on Physicochemical Composition of Wet Fermented Arabica Coffee

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mixed microbial culture from civet fecal suspension used as the inoculum for the fermentation of Arabica coffee. The type of Arabica coffee used for the research was the unpeeled coffee or the Arabica coffee cherries. Different proportion of inoculum introduced was thoroughly evaluated to assess the appropriate concentration of inoculum (0-40% inoculums represented in treatment 0-4 or T0 to T4) that would be applied to the fermentation of Arabica coffee cherries. Results revealed that treatment 4 (T4) containing 40% of the inoculum could degrade the sugar of the coffee beans faster than that of the other treatments in which within 24 hours of the incubation approximately 84% of the sugar was converted. T4 also reached the lowest caffeine content (1.8%) of the fermented coffee beans among other that of other treatments while the control had higher caffeine content (2.2%).This was substantially significant as the Arabica coffee cherries fermented with mixed microbial civet fecal suspensions can remarkably reduce the sugar and caffeine content of the Arabica coffee beans.
Appropriation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses the argument of appropriation, in which human rights are no longer seen as a culturally alien element but as an integral part, if not an invention, of Islam. Proponents of this position argue that human rights can best be realized in Islam because it provides them with a firm religious foundation and imparts an obligatory character to them. While this argument aims to stress the compatibility and superiority of Islam, it results in an artificial idealization of tradition and an intellectual attitude that sidesteps the complexities and tensions that exist between certain aspects of the Islamic tradition and contemporary human rights standards.
Tools to Improve Interruption Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interruptions carry a high cost, especially to software developers. To prevent unnecessary interruptions, several technologies are being explored that can help manage the timing of interruptions, such as displaying the interruptibility of a worker to their peers. Relatively simple algorithms utilizing computer interaction data have been created and used successfully in the workplace, while technology using bio-metric emotion recognition to detect the interruptibility of a user is also being developed.
Shamanism, History, and the State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on shamanism and related topics is extensive, but has in general been biased toward curing and trance; the political and historical significance of shamanic activities has been largely neglected. The contributors Shamanism, History, and the State--distinguished anthropologists and historians from England, Australia, and France--show that shamanism is not static and stable, but always changing as a result of political dynamics and historical processes.Contributors are Tamsyn Barton, Sysan Bayly, Mary Beard, Maurice Bloch, Peter Gow, Roberte N. Hamayon, Stephen Hugh-Jones, Humphrey, and Nicholas Thomas.The importance of this collection lies in the painstaking, many-sided ways in which it shows 'shamanism' to be a multifarious and continuously changing 'dialogue' or interaction with specific, local contexts. . . . Thus, rather than tackling the issue in principle, this collection tries to demonstrate through 'case studies' just how different 'shamanism' becomes if seen through a lens sensitive to history and the influence of institutions, such as the state, which seem far removed from it. I think the demonstrations add up to an impressive force. --Michael TaussigThis new, ably edited volume provides . . . chapters that are rich in historic detail and that provide insights into general cultural processes and social interactions. --HistorianNicholas Thomas is Queen Elizabeth II Research Fellow, Department of Prehistory and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra. He is the author of Out of Time: History and Evolution in Anthropological Discourse. Caroline Humphrey, author of Karl Marx Collective: Economy, Society and Religion in a Siberian Collective Farm, is Fellow of King's College and Lecturer in Social Anthropology, University of Cambridge.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 620869 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Porphyrio porphyrio" ] } The dataset includes 620869 records from 352 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011498-250811113504898/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Examination of task-specific motor confidence and performance in patients at 6-months post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Return-to-sport (RTS) batteries that incorporate physical and psychological components optimize information collected to guide rehabilitation and better inform RTS decisions1,2. Measuring task-specific confidence in addition to psychological readiness may assist in identifying athletic skills requiring intervention to optimize one’s readiness to RTS3. This study examined between-limb differences in confidence via self-reported and assessor-rated task-specific confidence, psychological readiness (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury, ACL-RSI), and functional performance. 32 participants of varying graft types (82.4 ± 22.2 kg, 172.6 ± 8.3 cm, 25.6 ± 8.5 yrs., 20F:12M, ACL-RSI 50 ± 22%) were assessed at 6-months following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Affected limb (A) performance for the SLH (A: 88.3 ± 41.4 cm, was reduced compared to the unaffected (UA) limb (UA: 117.7 ± 42.2 cm, p<0.001), and for the DVJ (A: 1.6 ± 0.6 N·kg-1, UA: 2.30 ± 0.59 N·kg-1, p<0.001), but COD times were marginally faster (A: 3.3 ± 0.5s, UA: 3.4 ± 0.5 s, p=0.047). Participant’s confidence ratings were lower on the affected limb for the single leg hop (SLH) (A: median 6 (range 2-9), UA: 9 (6-10), p<0.001), the drop vertical jump (DVJ) (A: 6 (3-9), UA: 10 (6-10), p<0.001) and the change of direction task (COD) (A: 7 (2-10), UA: 9 (7-10), p<0.001). Absolute performance for the SLH (ρ=0.558, p=0.001) and COD (ρ=-0.643, p<0.001) were correlated with the ACL-RSI but not for the DVJ or when any measure was expressed as a symmetry index (LSI; SLH rs =0.167, p=0.360; DVJ rs =-0.029, p=0.877; COD rs =0.127, p=0.49). Clinical relevance: It remains unclear if physical and psychological readiness are independent of each other or if one directly influences the other. In either case, a RTS battery that solely assesses physical function may not reflect the holistic recovery status of the patient. Assessing confidence when minimal between-limb performance differences are present (i.e., COD) might provide additional information to help guide the decision-making process regarding RTS.
Same World Broadcasting: An Internet Broadcasting System for Real-Time Distributed Video Compositions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, live video broadcasting is frequently used due to the COVID-19 pandemic. More realistic and comfortable experiments can be realized if multiple real-time videos from different places are displayed on a single screen. This paper calls such live broadcasting "same world broadcasting" as if all objects exist in the same space. In this paper, we propose a distributed system for the same world broadcasting. We evaluate the proposed system using the experimental implementation in a LAN environment and an open testbed environment. The experiment results show that the proposed system can reduce the processing time to collect and compose many real-time videos.
Method of increasing the efficiency of forest machine roll-over protective structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Current standards in the field of self-propelled machinery for forestry require equipping tractor cabins with roll-over protective structures (ROPS). It is necessary to reduce the risk of operator’s injuries caused by tractor rollovers or falling trees. This article deals with the way of increasing the energy absorption capacity of forest machine cabin roll-over protective structure. The ability to absorb certain amount of potential energy during deformation is the one of basic requirements to cabin of a forest machine. The risk of injures to the operator is reduced by using energy-absorbing cab support in the construction of roll-over protective structure. The protective effect is attained by plastic strain of cab support elements, that provides operator’s protection during an accidental roll-over. The article presents the design of the cab support, describes its functional principle in the event of an emergency
Effects of salt and drought stress conditions on callus growth, proline content and antioxidant enzyme avtivity of Punica granatum ÃÂNanaÃÂ

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Callus of Punica granatum ÂÂNanaÂÂ were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA and NAA to evaluate callus growth. The highest callus freshweight (0.61 g), dryweight (0.068 g) and diameter (16.16 mm) were observed in 1 mg L-1 BA and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA. In a separate experiment, growth and antioxidant activity (Super oxidismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD)) of calluswere studied in plants grown under saline (0 -5 g L-1 NaCl) and drought (0 to 8% PEG) conditions. Results showed that under both conditions, growth of callus decreased with increasing in stress treatments. Under saline condition, increasing in salinity increased antioxidant enzyme activity. The highest CAT, POD and SOD activities observed in 4, 5, 2 g L-1 NaCl, respectively.While under drought conditions, the highest SOD and CAT activities observed in 6% PEG and highest POD activity occurred in 8% PEG. The survived tolerant calli obtained had potential to produce salt and drought tolerant cultivars.
Potential distribution of invasive crop pests under climate change: incorporating mitigation responses of insects into prediction models.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate change facilitates biological invasions globally. Predicting potential distribution shifts of invasive crop pests under climate change is essential for global food security in the context of ongoing world population increase. However, existing predictions often omit the capacity of crop pests to mitigate the impacts of climate change by using microclimates, as well as through thermoregulation, life history variation and evolutionary responses. Microclimates provide refugia buffering climate extremes. Thermoregulation and life history variation can reduce the effects of diurnal and seasonal temperature variability. Evolutionary responses allow insects to adapt to long-term climate change. Neglecting these ecological processes may lead to overestimations in the negative impacts of climate change on invasive pests whereas in turn cause underestimations in their range expansions. To improve model predictions, we need to incorporate the fine-scale microclimates experienced by invasive crop pests and the mitigation responses of insects to climate change into species distribution models.
Highly Efficient Multi-Step Oxidation Bioanode Using Microfluidic Channels

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid decline of fossil fuels, various types of biofuel cells (BFCs) are being developed as an alternative energy source. BFCs based on multi-enzyme cascade reactions are utilized to extract more electrons from substrates. Thus, more power density is obtained from a single molucule of substrate. In the present study, a bioanode that could extract six electrons from a single molecule of L-proline via a three-enzyme cascade reaction was developed and investigated for its possible use in BFCs. These enzymes were immobilized on the electrode to ensure highly efficient electron transfer. Then, oriented immobilization of enzymes was achieved using two types of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In addition, a microfluidic system was incorporated to achieve efficient electron transfer. The microfluidic system, in which the electrodes were arranged in a tooth-shaped comb, allowed for substrates to be supplied continuously to the cascade, which resulted in smooth electron transfer. Finally, we developed a high-performance bioanode which resulted in the accumulation of higher current density compared to that of a gold disc electrode (205.8 μA cm−2: approximately 187 times higher). This presents an opportunity for using the bioanode to develop high-performance BFCs in the future.