jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A selective molecularly imprinted polymer for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE): an active enzyme targeted and efficient method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, we immobilized acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme onto acetylcholine removed imprinted polymer and acetylcholine containing polymer. First, the polymers were produced with acetylcholine, substrate of AChE, by dispersion polymerization. Then, the enzyme was immobilized onto the polymers by using two different methods: In the first method (method A), acetylcholine was removed from the polymer, and then AChE was immobilized onto this polymer (acetylcholine removed imprinted polymer). In the second method (method B), AChE was immobilized onto acetylcholine containing polymer by affinity. In method A, enzyme-specific species (binding sites) occurred by removing acetylcholine from the polymer. The immobilized AChE reached 240% relative specific activity comparison with free AChE because the active enzyme molecules bounded onto the polymer. Transmission electron microscopy results were taken before and after immobilization of AChE for the assessment of morphological structure of polymer. Also, the experiments, which include optimum temperature (25-65 °C), optimum pH (3-10), thermal stability (4-70 °C), kinetic parameters, operational stability and reusability, were performed to determine the characteristic of the immobilized AChE.
GENETIC BASIS FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST FRUIT TREE CANKER IN APPLE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neonectria ditissima (formerly Neonectria galligena, anamorph Cylindrocarpon heteronema) is the causal agent of fruit tree canker which is regarded as a serious economic problem in horticulture. This fungus causes notable damage to apple trees and it is very important in some regions, especially North western Europe, where it can result in death of spur shoots and branches. Although it occurs in a wide range of temperatures, it is associated with wet weather and climate has an important effect on the geographic distribution. The fungus produces conidia and ascospores, both of which are dispersed and cause infection during prolonged periods of rainy weather. Also, spores produced on the infected wood can act as an infection source in the orchards. The fungus can therefore be introduced into new orchards with infected planting material from other orchards or tree nurseries. Chemical and mechanical control like spraying of fungicides, covering wounds with paint, and cutting out infected branches, do not prevent the occurrence of epidemics. Breeding cultivars with a high level of resistance towards canker would be of great help towards the avoidance of this disease. Apple cultivars show variable levels of partial resistance to the fungus, whereas complete resistance has not yet been reported and no major genes have been identified. Therefore, apple genotypes with comparatively high levels of genetically determined partial resistance should be identified for use in apple breeding.
I felt low and my purse feels light: depleting mood regulation attempts affect risk decision making

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We propose that negative affect can induce people to engage in risky decisions. We test two alternative hypotheses as to how this effect may emerge. The mood repair hypothesis states that risky choices in risk decision making serve as a means to repair one's negative affect. The depletion hypothesis, in contrast, states that risky choices in risk decision making are the mere consequence of a state of depletion resulting from engagement in active mood regulation attempts. The results of a first laboratory study establish a link between risky choices in risk decision making and negative affect. Subsequent experiments provide evidence that depletion due to active mood regulation attempts, rather than mood repair, is the underlying process for this link. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing Disparity in Water Distribution within Irrigation Systems Aimed at Improving the Conflict Domain under Alternative Perspectives: A Reliable Multi-Objective Framework

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In general, decision makers in irrigation systems prioritize the cultivation of diverse crops to ensure sufficient food supply and maximize economic profit, while overlooking ecological resilience. This study proposes a novel reliable multi-objective framework designed to minimize disparities in water distribution between multi-crops, thereby addressing conflicts related to irrigation timing and distribution space. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, a reliability evaluation technique is employed to examine the conflict ratio of the water distribution policy corresponding to constraints concerning the available water and the water allocated to various crops (C-value). Next, to evaluate the reliable optimal multi-objective model, we examined the disparity of water distribution among four crops—fodder, watermelon, wheat, and grape—cultivated in three sub-areas of the Zayandehroud watershed, a watershed experiencing water shortage in the center of the Iranian plateau. Subsequently, given the overlooking of water conservation policies, this study investigates the impact of alternative perspectives on the disparity of water distribution and the conflict domain. The final results indicate that grapes exhibit lower sensitivity to water consumption, whereas watermelon is the most sensitive. In terms of the conflict domain, the city of Lenjanat recorded the least sensitivity.
Development of efficient computational methods for many-body perturbation calculations of extended systems =Kyodaikei no tatai setsudo keisan no tame no koritsuteki keisan shuho no kaihatsu

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

制度:新 ; 報告番号: 乙2324号 ; 学位の種類:博士 (理学) ; 授与年月日: 2011/7/28 ; 早大学位記番号:新5742
Improved extraction of hydrologic information from geophysical data during an artificial hillslope infiltration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;This study presents a methodology to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of water movement at the hillslope scale using geophysical techniques in order to identify preferential flow paths, estimate hydraulic conductivity, and ultimately understand runoff generation processes and predict streamflow response in small catchments.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The study area is a 0.3 km2 forested headwater catchment in the Tuscan Apennines, central Italy. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR) and time-lapse electrical resistivity profiles (ERT) to respectively infer the soil bedrock depth and measure the movement of water through the subsurface and track its transit time along the hillslope. We applied these techniques during repeated infiltration experiments conducted over a 1m2 plot where more than 1m3 of water was applied in approximately 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We constructed a hydrological model simulating the observed infiltration events using multiple soil layers that corresponded with variations in bedrock depth, as revealed by the GPR data. The next step involves calibrating the hydrological parameters through a hydrogeophysical inversion framework, where the simulated resistivities will be compared with the measured ones.&amp;#160; The model will then be applied over an extended period under natural atmospheric demands conditions, to the prediction of groundwater residence, and the conditions under which plants can access it.&lt;/p&gt;
Variational methods for approximate reasoning in graphical models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Exact inference in large and complex graphical models (e.g. Bayesian networks) is computationally intractable. Approximate schemes are therefore of great importance for real world computation. In this paper we consider a general scheme in which the original intractable graphical model is approximated by a model with a tractable structure. The approximating model is optimised by an iterative procedure, which minimises the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the two models. The procedure is guaranteed to converge to a local minimum of the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The scheme provides a bridge between naive mean-field theory and exact computation. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the method.
Idiopathic Acquired Unilateral Breast Atrophy in an Adult Woman

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 24-year-old woman presented with complaint of pain in right shoulder and upper arm since last 3 months. The pain was continuous, dull aching, nonradiating, not aggravated with movements and got relieved with oral analgesics. Following this, she noticed gradual decrease in size of her right breast as compared to the left that was painless and progressive. In 3 months time, her right breast reduced to less than half of its initial size. She delivered a baby 7 months back and was feeding the baby from both breasts and milk production was equal from both sides despite smaller size of right breast. She was married for the last 6 years and was having two children, the elder one aged 4 years and the younger one aged 7 months. Both children were born at full term by normal vaginal delivery. The elder child was breast fed for 1 year and she did not notice any difference in size of the two breasts at that time. There was no history of local trauma, chronic illness, hormonal intake or any endocrine disorder in the past. She was vegetarian, nonalcoholic and nonsmoker. There were no similar complaints in other ladies of her family. Clinical examination showed that right breast was smaller in size as compared to the left breast. However, nipple areola complex on both sides were equal and at same level (Fig. 1). On palpation, both breasts were nontender and had same consistency. There was no palpable lump and on compression, milk ejected equally from both nipples. Examination of right shoulder and right upper limb was normal and there was no neurological abnormality. Her biochemical profile including thyroid function tests and sex hormone levels were within normal limits. Ultrasound examination of both the breasts was normal and no focal lesion was seen. MRI of chest including both the breasts revealed significantly smaller right breast in comparison to the left breast. However, underlying muscles of the chest wall and rib cage were bilaterally symmetrical (Fig. 2). Fine-needle aspiration cytology of both the breasts revealed normal ductal and acinar cells. The patient was put on oral analgesics and her pain improved. However, her right breast remained smaller in size even after cessation of lactation at 1 year of follow-up. She refused for any breast reconstruction. The diagnosis of unilateral breast atrophy is made if there is substantial difference in size that far exceeds the mild breast asymmetry commonly present and the larger breast is not macromastic. Developmental breast asymmetries in form of aplasia and hypoplasia are known to occur in females. The factors known to cause acquired unilateral breast atrophy are past history of irradiation in the mammary region, surgical excision of prepubertal breast bud and infectious mononucleosis infection. However, acquired unilateral breast atrophy occurring in previously normally developed bilateral breasts without any known etiological factor, as seen in the present case, has not been previously reported.
ULUS-DEVLETİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

21. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde mikro seviyede bölgesel olarak, makro seviyede küresel çapta; ulus oluşumları, devletlerin yaşadığı değişimler, 11 Eylül terör saldırıları sonrası oluşan ortam ve son olarak yakında zamanda Arap ülkelerinde başlayan Arap Baharı; ulus, devlet, etnisite, millet gibi kavramların ve bunların oluşturduğu yapıların gözden geçirilmesini, yenilenmesini ve/veya meydana gelen durum için bir tanımlama yapmayı ve bu tanımlamayı da tartışmayı gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle ulus-devletin tarihsel gelişimi geleneksel devletler ve modern ulus-devlet başlıkları altında anlatılacaktır. İkinci bölümde ise ulus-devletin teorik çerçevesi Batıda, Yeni Kıtada ve Az Gelişmiş Ülkelerde olmak üzere üç ayrı altbaşlıkta incelenecektir. Üçüncü bölümde ise geçmişten günümüze ulus-devletin kazandığı özellikler şiddet araçlarının (tekel) denetimi, toprak, egemenlik, anayasallık, kişisel olmayan iktidarın uygulanması, kamu bürokrasisi, otorite ve meşruiyet ve son olarak yurttaşlık başlıkları altında ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Sonuç kısmında ise geçmişten günümüze anlatılan ulus-devletin yaşadığı dönüşüm ile ilgili olarak içinde bulunduğu durum ve geleceği konusunda bir değerlendirmeye gidilecektir.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a high-risk population: comparison of polymerase chain reaction and cell culture for diagnosis and follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study to compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with the cell culture method in diagnosing urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections was performed. From 497 patients (212 women, 285 men) attending an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, a total of 814 samples (female patients, cervix and urethra; male patients, urethra) were collected. This total included follow-up samples from 35 women and 35 men positive for C. trachomatis by cell culture and/or PCR test, which were collected 2 weeks after treatment with doxycycline (two 100-mg doses per day for 7 days). The PCR test was performed directly on clinical samples without performing phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation of DNA. The prevalence of C. trachomatis as measured by positive cell culture was 64 of 497 (12.9%) for all patients, 31 of 212 (14.6%) for women, and 33 of 285 (11.6%) for men. The prevalences as measured by positive PCR test were 71 of 497 (14.3%), 36 of 212 (17.0%), and 35 of 285 (12.3%), respectively. The sensitivities of the cell culture and the PCR test compared with that of true-positive samples were 77.5 to 78.4% and 99.0 to 100.0%, respectively. Discrepancies between cell culture and the PCR test were found for 23 of 497 patients (4.9%), 19 of 212 females (9.0%), and 4 of 285 males (1.4%). Nineteen pretreatment samples from 19 patients (4 female endocervical, 13 female urethral, and 2 male urethral samples) were cell culture negative and PCR test positive, while 1 pretreatment female endocervical sample was cell culture positive and PCR test negative. The posttreatment samples from all patients were cell culture negative, but the PCR test remained positive for 3 of 70 patients (1 female endocervical and 2 male urethral samples). One of these samples became spontaneously negative in three more weeks. The medical history of the individual patient and the negative PCR tests after treatment for nearly all patients support our hypothesis that the positive PCR test results were clinically relevant for the cell culture-negative but PCR test-positive but PCR test-positive patients of the population studied.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GOLORECTAL cancer is a leading cause of death from cancer in the United States, with approximately 140,000 new cases and 60,000 deaths per year.1 A 50-year-old person has about a 5 percent risk of having colorectal cancer by the age of 80 and a 2.5 percent risk of dying from it.2 To reduce the morbidity and mortality due to colorectal cancer, some professional organizations have proposed that asymptomatic persons without known risk factors be screened to detect cancer at a curable stage.3 4 5 The rationale for screening is based on the widely held view6 that most colorectal cancers are the product . . .
Genome-wide association study for natural antibodies in colostrum of Swedish dairy cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Colostrum with sufficient antibodies is essential for the newborn calf, as it requires this passive immunity to survive until weaning. High variation in the amount of colostrum antibodies in Swedish dairy cows has been reported, with a large proportion having low antibody levels. Natural antibodies (NAb) are produced without any antigenic stimulation and target self-antigens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Our objective was to estimate genetic parameters and detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for two NAb isotypes (IgG, IgM) in colostrum binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Three experimental farms were included in the study, 1,719 colostrum samples from 1,313 cows between 1 to 6 parities, calving from January 2015 to April 2017 were collected. 70% of the animals were Swedish Red and 30% Swedish Holstein. Antibodies were measured from colostrum using indirect ELISAs. To estimate genetic parameters, a linear mixed model with repeated measures (different calvings from the same cow) was run using ASReml 4, correcting for cow parity number, time from calving to colostrum sampling and breed, including Herd-Year-Season of calving and sample storage plate as random effects. An imputed 50k SNP array from a LD 7K array was used for the Genome-wide association study (GWAS), running the same model but including the SNP genotype as a fixed effect. Heritabilities for colostrum NAbs ranged from 0.15 to 0.27, with a permanent environment effect for IgG isotypes accounting for 30% of the variance and for IgM ranging from 15 to 19%. Genetic correlations between IgG and IgM ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. The GWAS revealed one QTL on BTA3 for IgM (KLH and MDP), the latter comprised of 7 SNPs (-log10(p)=4.4), two significant and five suggestive, ranging from 80-105 Mbp and another QTL on BTA7 for IgG (KLH and MDP) consisting of 3 SNPs (-log10(p)=4.1), from 85-113 Mbp. Our results suggest that natural antibodies can potentially provide an effective tool to improve colostrum quality using genetic selection.
Clinico-mycological profiles of dermatophytosis in Jaipur, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermatophytosis poses a serious crisis to the socio-economically backward population. The infections are caused by three anamorphic genera; Epidermophyton, Trichophyton and Microsporum which are distributed around the world. The objective of this study was to find out the occurrence, distribution and prevalence of dermatophytes causing human dermatomycosis in various categories of patients in Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. One hundred samples were collected, including infected skin and nails from Dermatology Department, Sawai Maan Singh Hospital, Jaipur for a period of June 2014 to January 2015. Before sample collection, the infected area was cleaned with 70% ethyl alcohol. Skin samples were collected with the help of sterilized scalpel and nail samples by clipping. Identification of causative pathogens was done by performing lacto-phenol cotton blue mount. Out of 100 samples, 79 were found positive by KOH examination and out of them 53 confirmed by culture. In the present study, Trichophyton rubrum (20.7%) was the predominant pathogen followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (16.9%) and Trichophyton interdigitale (13.2%). Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type reported in all age groups. The second most common clinical type was Tinea cruris. These infections were observed more frequently in the age group of 21 to 30 (55%) followed by 31 to 40 (24%). Key words: Dermatophytosis, Tinea corporis, Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 162 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Geometry POLYGON((-73.80866747527057 -40.04683390744932,-73.02447917005418 -40.04683390744932,-73.02447917005418 -39.26264560223293,-73.80866747527057 -39.26264560223293,-73.80866747527057 -40.04683390744932))", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "TaxonKey is Liolaemus Wiegmann, 1834", "Year 1818-2023" ] } The dataset includes 162 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011180-230918134249559/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Stability and Power Analysis of Schmitt Trigger Based Low Power SRAM Bit-Cell Using CMOS and CNTFET Technology at 22nm Technology Node

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is an essential component of memory devices such as laptops, phones, etc., which act as a semiconductor memory. The “Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET)” is silicon associated high-stability, low-power device with excellent performance. CNTFET has been verified to be very advantageous for Very large-scale integration circuit designs in the nanoscale range because of its remarkable properties of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). The material was brought to light because of its genuinely incredible electrochemical performance. Carbon nanotubes have unique properties such as high charge carrier mobility, high voltage, small footprint, exceptionally short and high control over pulse duration, and large current densities. In traditional MOSFET, bulk silicon is used, which has high leakage current and high field-effect; thus, CNTFET has been used as an alternative in recent years. When compared to the 10T CNTFET SRAM Bit cell is designed using HSPICE Tool in 22nm technology. Long-term stability and significant process variable changes are significant challenges with nanoscale SRAM cells.
Normal Point of Care Glucose Values after Birth in the Well-Baby Nursery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Normal initial blood glucose values in healthy newborns are not well defined and are subject to controversy. Despite substantive research, there is no single initial value of glucose that can be used with certainty of safety in newborns, and thus various protocols and cutoffs have been proposed. Study Design We sought to characterize the normal values of blood glucose levels in a large cohort of neonates admitted to the well-baby nursery in Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The blood glucose levels were measured with a point of care (POC) glucometer (Accu-Chek Performa) within 180 minutes after birth. Results The study population included 3,912 newborns with a mean birth weight of 3,322 ± 439 g and a mean gestational age of 39.4 ± 1.3 weeks. Sampling was performed at a median age of 73 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 55–92 minutes). Median glucose concentration was 58 (IQR, 51–67) mg/dL, and first, third, and fifth percentiles were 34, 39, and 41 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusion Our data describe the normal range of POC blood glucose levels in healthy neonates on admission to the nursery. Extreme low levels were rare.