jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management and recommendations for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: state of the art in clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is defined as an acute kidney failure following iodine-based contrast medium administration determining relevant health and socio-sanitary implications. Knowledge of pathophysiology, early diagnosis, and prevention in patients at risk are critical points in CI-AKI management. Determination of risk and functional kidney evaluation must precede every iodine-based contrast medium (CM) administration in order to eventually introduce medical prophylaxis. Furthermore, early laboratoristic evaluation after iodine-based CM exposure should be performed for a prompt identification of acute kidney injury. Therefore, clinicians must know and strictly follow valid recommendations to minimize the development of complications.
Observation of Multiple Stop Bands in Photonic Bandgap Structures Doped with Organic Dyes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Intensity enhancement of the optical stop band of a periodic quasicrystalline structure is achieved by infiltrating this structure with a suitable dye, as demonstrated for monodisperse polystyrene beads doped with the organic dye Oil Red EGN. A detailed discussion of the optical properties of the system is given in terms of the Bragg and Snell laws, and constraints concerning the refractive index of the dye, LATEX bead diameter, and quasicrystal lattice are extracted. Following some simple geometrical constraints the opening of the photonic bandgap can thus be tuned.
Perceived self-competence, stepfamily myths, and (step)parent role ambiguity in adolescents from stepfather and stepmother families.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Assessed type of stepfamily (stepfather vs stepmother) and gender differences in junior high school students' perceived self-competence, myths about stepfamilies, and perceived ambiguity of the (step)parent role. In self-competence, there were no significant effects for type of stepfamily, gender, or their interaction. Ss rating stepparents reported more role ambiguity than did those rating biological parents. Without control variables, but not with them, stepmother role ambiguity was negatively correlated with self-competence. Contrary to expectations, self-competence was positively correlated with adherence to stepfamily myths. For those in stepmother families, self-competence was positively correlated with years since parental divorce and years living with the stepparent.
Effect of low-density lipoprotein addition to soybean lecithin-based extenders on bull spermatozoa following freezing-thawing - preliminary results

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Soybean lecithin-based extenders represent an alternative to extenders containing egg yolk, but there has been discussion about their cryoprotective efficacy. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was proved as a cryoprotective agent, which can replace egg yolk in extenders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LDL addition to the soybean extenders on their cryoprotective properties. The effect of the LDL of our production was verified using commercial egg yolk extender BULLXcell®, 6%, 8%, and 10% LDL (v/v) as an egg yolk replacement. The effects of LDL addition to the soybean lecithin-based extenders in concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8% (v/v) were tested using extenders AndroMed® and Bioxcell®. In total, 64 samples from eight bulls were evaluated. Kinematic parameters of spermatozoa, resulting from Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis, and their viability, evaluated by fluorescent technique, were assessed immediately after thawing and after 2 hours. The quality of LDL compared to other studies was confirmed, and the beneficial effects of egg yolk replacement by LDL were proved in extender BULLXcell®. 8% LDL provided the best values for the majority of kinematic parameters (P < 0.05), without effect on total motility (P > 0.05). Furthermore, addition of 4%, 6%, and 8% LDL to the soybean lecithin-based extender Bioxcell® showed a positive effect on the majority of kinematic parameters of spermatozoa (P < 0.05) at both times of incubation. However there was no significant influence on total motility (P > 0.05). Viability was higher after thawing in the case of 8% LDL (P < 0.05). However, there was no consistent effect of LDL addition to the AndroMed® extender. In conclusion, cryoprotective properties of the semen extenders based on a soybean lecithin can be improved by the addition of LDL.
COMMUNICATION EARLY WELSH POETRY AND ROSSETT, CUMBRIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

EARLY WELSH POETRY, with so many tantalising clues for North Britain’s pre-English history, has a special one in the court of Rhosedd, famous for its splendour. The bards referred to it for centuries, but its whereabouts has been a mystery. The evidence occurs in various poems, including the gorchan or lay of Tudfwlch found with the Gododdin, which is a series of elegies on British heroes wiped out in an attack on Catterick soon after the year 600. Rhosedd figures in a passage where the hero Tudfawlch is mourned as a generous host:
Service use and unmet mental health need in children and young adults: analysis of three years of follow up from the 2004 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey & description of primary care psychotropic prescribing & transition in young adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This thesis aimed to examine service contact among children and young people with mental health problems, and has three complementary parts. The first is a secondary analysis of data from the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey (BCAMHS) 2004, which explored mental health related service contact in relation to psychopathology over three years. The second and third parts focussed on young people with ADHD in transition from child services, which is a particularly challenging time. This involved a qualitative interview study of young peoples’ experiences, and an analysis of primary care prescribing of ADHD medication over the transition period using a cohort from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 2005-2013. Less than a third of children with a psychiatric disorder in BCAMHS reported contact with child mental health services. Instead, teachers were the most frequently used service, with two-thirds reporting mental health related contact. Interviews with young people with ADHD highlighted themes including concerns around medication management post transition and need for information. The prescribing analysis found that the majority of adolescents on ADHD medication at age 16 stopped during the transition period. This continuing disparity between estimates of symptom persistence and medication persistence suggests that many may be stopping medication from which they could still benefit; as various barriers have been identified to ongoing prescribing. In summary, the findings of these three linked studies suggest common themes in terms of unmet needs and gaps between policy and practice in mental health services for children and young people. One of the chief implications is the need for oversight and policy levers to ensure the implementation of best practice, accompanied by complementary efforts to better understand and overcome other barriers to providing optimal care, including research into knowledge and attitudes of different groups and the provision of targeted training.
Other Important Aspects of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1–Associated Myelopathy—Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Research on the Fault Diagnosis Method of Rotating Machinery Based on Improved Variational Modal Decomposition and Probabilistic Neural Network Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is vital in industry but traditionally depends on manual expertise, requiring substantial resources. To improve diagnostic accuracy, enable effective condition monitoring, and minimize the impact of faults on operations, advanced diagnostic techniques are essential. Hence, we propose an advanced fault diagnosis framework that leverages improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to accurately diagnose faults in rotating machinery using gear and rolling bearing vibration signals. Initially, the vibration signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions via VMD, enabling the capture of subtle but critical fault features. To address parameter selection challenges in VMD, we employed IPSO to optimize the VMD parameters, ensuring the optimal decomposition effect. Further, we refined the feature set by applying Laplace fraction optimization and feature dimensionality reduction, isolating sensitive features that serve as input to a PNN-based fault classification model. Experimental results demonstrated that this IPSO-VMD-PNN framework achieves high diagnostic accuracy for various fault types, establishing it as an effective tool for fault identification in rotating machinery.
Magnetism without magnetic impurities in oxides ZrO2 and TiO2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We perform a theoretical study of the magnetism induced in transition metal dioxides ZrO2 and TiO2 by substitution of the cation by a vacancy or an impurity from the groups 1A or 2A of the periodic table, where the impurity is either K or Ca. In the present study both supercell and embedded cluster methods are used. It is demonstrated that the vacancy and the K-impurity leads to a robust induced magnetic moment on the surrounding O-atoms for both the cubic ZrO2 and rutile TiO2 host crystals. On the other hand it is shown that Ca-impurity leads to a non magnetic state. The native O-vacancy does not induce a magnetic moment in the host dioxide crystal.
Excess Modes in the Vibrational Spectrum of Disordered Systems and the Boson Peak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study a disordered vibrational model system, where the spring constants k are chosen from a distribution P(k) ~ 1/k above a cut-off value k_min > 0. We can motivate this distribution by the presence of free volume in glassy materials. We show that the model system reproduces several important features of the boson peak in real glasses: (i) a low-frequency excess contribution to the Debye density of states, (ii) the hump of the specific heat c_V(T) including the power-law relation between height and position of the hump, and (iii) the transition to localized modes well above the boson peak frequency.
Transgressive and negotiated White racial knowledge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This critical case study investigated the experiences of six White preservice teachers as they learned about race and racism during the first semester of an urban-focused teacher preparation program. The author identified two broad themes of transgressive White racial knowledge and negotiated White racial knowledge to capture the participants' engagement with the topic of race. By detailing the complexities of the racial knowledge of a group of race-conscious White teachers, the project helps to de-homogenize conceptualizations of White teachers' racial identities. The transgressive knowledge displayed by the participants largely occurred in their intellectual understandings of issues related to urban education. When the participants discussed their antiracist practice and their own complicity in racism, their negotiations with critical understandings of race emerged. These findings suggest that educators working with race-conscious White teachers should emphasize the messiness inherent in enacting an antiracist practice and think differently about the subtle distancing strategies White teachers often deploy to release themselves from complicity in racism.
THE LEARNING DISABILITIES BELIEF SCALE: DEVELOPMENT AND PILOT VALIDATION

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop a measure of attitudes toward people with learning disabilities. Learning impairments such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia affect cognitive processes related to learning (i.e., reading, writing, math) and can interfere with higher-level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long- and short-term memory, and attention (e.g., ADHD, dyspraxia, etc.). Beyond these direct cognitive effects, learning disabilities also impact the individuals’ social interactions and well-being -- those with learning disabilities face social barriers similar to those with physical impairments, including loss of autonomy, discrimination in the form of access to information, and stigmatization in education and the labor market. Developing an attitudinal measure toward individuals with learning disabilities can assist in understanding the broader societal biases that pressure an already burdened population. For the current study, 175 Southern California University students were assessed on a 45-item learning disabilities bias measure (paper-pencil assessment). To develop items, the Capabilities framework and social model of disability (Burchardt, 2004) were applied, establishing the theoretical basis for the investigation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized to evaluate a hypothesized 3-factor solution. Overall, a 14-item measure was derived with three factors: autonomy for the learning disabled, the medicalization of learning disabilities, and societal responsibility. Construct and criterion validity were assessed, and convergent validity was evaluated through correlational analyses with participants’ level of contact with people with learning disabilities, parental education, personality traits (the Big Five), social dominance orientation, prosocial behavioral intention, and social desirability bias. Implications of this new measure of attitudes toward people with learning disabilities are discussed.
Expression of Sema4D and Ki67 in pancreatic carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of Sema4D and Ki67 in pancreatic carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of Sema4D and Ki67 in 40 pancreatic carcinoma tissues and 10 adjacent tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of pancreatic carcinoma was analyzed. Comparison of categorical data between two groups was made by chi-square test. Spearman′s rank correlation analysis was used to identify the correlation between these variables. Results Sema4D and Ki67 were detected in 19 (47.5%) and 18 (45.0%), respectively, of the 40 pancreatic carcinoma tissues, with significantly higher positive rates than the adjacent tissues (χ2=10.040 and 10.000, P=0.020 and 0.022). The abnormal expression of Sema4D and Ki67 differed significantly between patients with different tumor stages and between patients with and without lymph node metastasis (χ2=6.352, 4.912, 12.031, and 6.465, P=0.013, 0.028, 0.001, and 0.025). Sema4D expression was positively correlated with Ki67 expression (r=0.347, P=0.028). Conclusion The expression of Sema4D and Ki67 is elevated in pancreatic carcinoma compared with the adjacent tissue. Their expression is positively correlated with each other and is associated with tumor staging and lymph node metastasis.
P2‐557: SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SLEEP MEDICATIONS AND RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: THE CACHE COUNTY STUDY (USA)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sleep medications such as benzodiazepines, tetra- or tri-cyclics, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants are commonly prescribed to older adults. Adverse events have been reported with use of some of these medications such as memory problems and increased risk of falls. Several classes of sleep medication are known to disrupt the sleep-wake cycle and result in decreases in slow-wave sleep and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, which are important for memory consolidation. We examined the association between use of sleep medications and risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in a community sample of older adults in Cache County, Utah and if this association varied by sex. 3,656 participants without dementia at baseline (57.8% female) participated in a longitudinal study that assessed risk factors for AD and cognitive decline. Dementia screenings and assessments were conducted in four triennial waves spanning 12 years to determine dementia and non-case (screened or evaluated negative for cognitive impairment). Dementia was determined based on a clinical assessment and diagnosis of AD was made using DSM-III-R and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Medication history was obtained via interview and visual inspection of all medications. Use of any sleep medication (time-varying) and time to dementia or right censoring was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression in separate models for males and females. Covariates tested were sleep disturbance, depression status, age, presence of APOE E4 allele, and educational attainment. In men, use of sleep medication was associated with 3.6 times increased risk of developing AD (HR=3.604, p = 0.0001) compared to those who did not use sleep medications. In women, risk of AD varied by endorsement of a sleep disturbance: women who did not endorse a sleep disturbance but used sleep medications were nearly 4 times at greater risk for developing AD (3.916; p = .0001) whereas those without sleep disturbance and who used sleep medications were at a 35.2% reduced risk of developing AD. Caution is warranted in prescribing sleep medications for older adults, though effects in AD risk vary by sex and endorsement of sleep disturbance. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying the observed sex differences.
[Lactate-induced up-regulation of PLEKHA4 promotes proliferation and apoptosis of human glioma cells].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PLEKHA4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and expression of β-catenin. Lactic acid produced by glycolysis upregulates the expression of PLEKHA4 in glioma cells.
COMPARSION BETWEEN NON-LINEAR GROWTH MODELS TO DESCRIBE THE GROWTH CURVE IN EGYPTIAN BUFFALO AND CROSSBRED COW CALVES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to examine the growth patterns and describe the most suitable growth curve models for buffalo calves and crossbred cow calves in Egypt. A total of 4500 normal records from 150 buffalo calves and 100 crossbred cow calves were examined. The data collected during the period from 2007 to 2010 in a research station which belonging to the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Alexandria, located approximately 10 km from Alexandria.The study focused on various fattening performance traits, including Initial Weight, Final Weight, Total Gain, Fattening Period, Average Daily Gain, Feed Intake, and Feed Conversion. The results revealed that buffalo calves exhibited superior performance in terms of average daily gain (0.82 kg/d) and feed conversion (6.53 kg DM/kg gain) compared to crossbred cow calves (0.78 kg/d and 6.77 kg DM/kg gain, respectively).Furthermore, the study determined that the quadratic and Von-Bertalanffy models were the most suitable for fitting the growth curves of both buffalo calves and crossbred cow calves in the study. These models provided the best fit for describing the growth patterns of the calves under investigation.
The Impact of Technology on Academic Achievement in Seventh Grade Social Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of technology will have an impact on the academic achievement in seventh grade social studies. Participants in the study included twenty-five students who met after school for forty minutes of technology-centered instruction. The study used curriculum-based assessments developed by the school district’s office of social studies. The first instrument was a midterm assessment (pre-test) and the second was the final exam (post-test). Data gathered included student attendance in the after school enrichment class as well as pre- and post-test data on the objectives covered by both instruments. Student attendance and pre-test data and post-test data were combined across the two instruments into a composite score entered into an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings on the locally developed curriculum-based assessments were not statistically different. While there is much research into the impact of technology on student achievement there is no research that examines the effectiveness of the specific Internet-based technologies utilized in this study.
Conus pretiosus Nevill

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

60. Conus pretiosus Nevill (Plate IV fig. 43) 1778. Conus pretiosus G. and H. Nevill, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 43 (2): 22. Type locality: Andamans, Types in NZC, ZSI. 1986. Conus pretiosus: Tikader, Daniel and Subba Rao, Sea shore animals of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Zool. Surv. India, p.173. Material examined: Andaman and Nicobar Islands-2 exs; Tamil Nadu 1 ex. Measurements (in mm): Length: 44.10–58.00 Diameter: 19.00–24.50 Aperture: 39.00–43.20 Distribution: India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tamil Nadu: Tuticorin, Keelakarai and Pamban of Bay of Bengal. Elsewhere: No records. Remarks: Conus pretiosus is extremely rare and probably restricted to Gulf of Mannar. (Franklin et al., 2009).
Precursor Events in Cardiac Surgery: Are they Associated with Post-operative Outcomes?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether precursor events are associated with a post-operative composite outcome in a low-medium risk cardiac surgical population. These precursor events may be promising targets for strategies aimed at quality improvement.\nMethods: This study was a case control design where the outcome of major adverse events (MACE) was assessed in patients exposed to four intra-operative precursor events. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching, Univariate comparison of ?1 precursor event in the matched groups was performed.\nResults: The primary outcome of ?1 precursor event occurred significantly more frequently in the MACE patient group vs the non-MACE patients group (33% vs. 24%; p=0.015). The individual events of bleeding and difficulty weaning from CPB were significantly higher in the MACE group whereas incomplete revascularization/repair and repair/regrafting were not.\nConclusion: Quality improvement techniques aimed at mitigating the consequences of precursor events may improve surgical outcomes for these patients.