jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantification of trabecular bone structure using magnetic resonance imaging.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic tool for osteoporosis and to evaluate image processing techniques for improvement of characterization of trabecular bone. Twenty bone cylinders obtained from goat’s femoral head were scanned with microcomputed tomography (μCT) and 3 Tesla MRI machine. μCT was used as the standard of reference in this study. MR images were processed by image contrast enhancement, super resolution volume reconstruction and both. Trabecular bones were extracted from MR Images by K-means clustering. Four histomorphometric parameters namely bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) were derived. Bone mineral density (BMD) was also measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Correlation studies were done using linear regression analysis. The MRI correlations of parameters were moderate with R2= 0.534 for BVF, R2= 0.254 for Tb.Th, R2= 0. 223 for Tb.N and R2= 0. 237 for Tb.Sp. Correlations were significantly improved after super resolution volume reconstruction with R2= 0.651 for BVF, R2= 0.413 for Tb.Th, R2= 0.317 for Tb.N and R2= 0.402 for Tb.Sp. Improvements to R2 were also found in the correlations with BMD. The results of this study demonstrated that image processing can improve MRI derived parameters correlation with μCT. Thus, MRI has the ability to quantify trabecular bone structures and can be use as a tool to predict osteoporosis.
Big data analytics in healthcare: A survey approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development of the concept of business intelligence and analysis has emphasized the importance of the collection, integration, processing of data and reporting of underlying knowledge and how this knowledge can help to make more appropriate business decisions, acquire a better understanding of market behaviors and trends. Tremendous growth of the data has enabled us to uncover the hidden knowledge from data. We can use the Big Data analysis for effective decision making in healthcare domain using the existing machine learning algorithms with some modification to it This paper summarizes the role of Big Data analysis in healthcare and various shortcomings of traditional machine learning algorithms.
Troponin I as an Early Biomarker of Cardiopulmonary Parameters Within the First 24 Hours After Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The elevation of serum cardiac troponin I (TNI) in patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ntSAH) is a well-known phenomenon. However, the relation between elevated TNI and different cardiopulmonary parameters (CPs) within the first 24 hours after ntSAH is unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between TNI and different CP in patients with ntSAH within the first 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive group of 117 patients with ntSAH admitted to our emergency department between January 2008 and February 2017. Blood samples were taken to determine TNI values on admission. Demographic data, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) score, baseline Fisher grade (FG), norepinephrine application rate (NAR) in µg/kg/min, and inspiratory oxygen fraction (OF) were recorded within the first 24 hours. Results: An increased TNI value was found in 32 (27.4%) of 117 patients. There was a significant correlation between initial elevated TNI and a low WFNS score ( P = .007), a low GCS score ( P = .003) as well as a high OF ( P = <.001). The FG ( P = .27) and NAR ( P = .08) within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment did not show any significant correlation. Conclusions: In the present study, an increased TNI value was significantly associated with a low WFNS score and GCS score on admission. The TNI was a predictor of the need for a higher OF within the first 24 hours after ntSAH so that TNI could be an informative biomarker to improve ICU therapy.
LEVON SHAGHOIAN'S ROLE IN SAVING THE VAN-VASPOURAKAN REFUGEES (MARCH-AUGUST 1918)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The activities of several heroes, who dedicated their lives to the Armenian national liberation struggle in the twentieth century, remain unknown or have not been thoroughly studied for various reasons. Among those individuals who dedicated themselves entirely to the national struggle for survival was Levon “Pasha” Shaghoian. It is noteworthy that in the course of history, there have often been individual leaders who either played a fateful role in the survival and development of their nation or, on the contrary, were the cause of their own people’s demise and its subsequent disappearance from the pages of history. Although Levon Shaghoian was not a talkative person, he left us with extensive written records of his writing. Therefore, the notes, memoirs, and articles of his collaborators served as the basis for reflecting on his activities in the Fatherland. The primary sources for this article are archival materials from the National Archives of Armenia, the personal archive of Levon Shaghoian, and the Brief History of the Iraqi-Armenian Diocese. The official central archives of the ARF in Boston, as well as the memoirs of participants in the region's self-defense activities, have also been considered.
BAZI HANEFÎ USULCÜLERİN MANA İLE RİVAYET MESELESİNE YAKLAŞIMLARI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sözlü aktarımın doğasından kaynaklanan mana ile rivayet, hadislerin yazılı belgeler üzerinden nakledildiği ikinci asır sonrasındaki dönemlerde de teorik tartışmalara konu olmuştur. İslamî ilimlerin farklı alanlarının uzmanları, diğer pek çok meselede olduğu gibi, mana ile rivayet konusunu da kendi amaç ve terminolojileri çerçevesinde ele almış ve yorumlamışlardır. Bu makalede önde gelen Hanefî usulcülerden Pezdevî (ö.482/1089), Serahsî (ö.483/1090) ve Abdulazîz elBuhârî‟nin (ö.730/1329) mana ile rivayet meselesine yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır
Free Space Optics as Full Duplex Fronthauling for Drone-Assisted Mobile Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Drone-assisted mobile networks have been proposed to quickly and flexibly deploy drones over any places of interest (PoI) to relay traffic between a remote terrestrial base station (TBS) and the users in the PoI. Here, a drone is considered to be a small-cell base station that is capable to be deployed very close to users in order to provide a high access network capacity. However, owing to the long distance and high traffic load, the fronthaul link between the TBS and the drone would be the bottleneck of the network. Free space optical (FSO) communications have been proposed as a potential solution to increase the fronthaul link capacity. As compared to RF-based fronthaul link solutions, FSO can achieve higher link capacity over a long distance, lower licensing cost and interference, and more reliable communications to resist interception and eavesdropping, and thus could be more suitable to be applied as the fronthaul link solution. However, there are many existing and unveiled challenges to apply FSO as a full duplex fronthaul link for a drone-assisted mobile network. In this paper, we will explore these challenges and investigate related solutions.
Paleontology as a circumstantial evidence lawsuit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question if historical sciences (such as geology and paleontology) as well as biology have universal laws is an ongoing subject of debate. Paleontology, a science overlapping with geology and biology, cannot fulfil the strict requirements of an empirical science and its criterion of demarcation in the sense of logical empiricists. Like in natural sciences such as physics, the scientific reasoning in paleontology as a historical science contains the four steps: (1) observation/description/measurement; (2) classification; (3) establishment of laws, rules and interpretations; and (4) establishment of principles. Two conclusions are of special importance: (1) evolution is proposed here as a regulative idea for paleontology and (2) historical sciences have to be understood as hermeneutic. That confronts them with the hermeneutical circle but they are nevertheless scientific.
Report for Grant N00014-89-J-1076 (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) ,

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Major accomplishments of this grant were: (1) Discovery and description of a broad but thin near-bottom boundary current on the Kenyan continental rise; (2) Detection of a deep western-boundary current along the Carlsberg Ridge in the Arabian Basin; (3) Some new ideas about the pattern of deep-water circulation in the Arabian Sea; and (4) Quantification of property budgets and renewal time in the oxygen-minimum layer of the Arabian Sea.
Social Movements and Environmental Law: A Case Study of Politically Disenfranchised Communities in Ecuador and Argentina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite their progressive on-the-books environmental legislation, Ecuador and Argentina have hosted increasing amounts of extraction projects in their borders over the last few decades. Beyond increased environmental degradation, the expansion of extraction economies in these countries has drove mass scale social movements orchestrated by disenfranchised peoples. This thesis investigates the link between social movements and environmental law reformation, and whether such social movements are able to strengthen the national legal and institutional framework for environmental management. To evaluate this inquiry, this thesis explores socials movements in Ecuador in the late twentieth century and in Argentina in the early twenty first century.
Eumycetoma caused by Alternaria alternata in an immunocompetent host: A rare case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection caused by either true fungi (eumycetoma) or filamentous anaerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma). Herein, we report a case of mycetoma foot due to a rare opportunistic fungus in a male farmer. He presented with swelling and sinuses discharging pus and bloodstained black granules on the right foot for 6 years. A final diagnosis of eumycetoma (caused by Alternaria alternata) with bone involvement in immunocompetent patient was confirmed on the basis of histopathology and culture. Opportunistic fungi most commonly cause infection in immunocompromised hosts. Although mycetoma caused by opportunistic and saprophytic fungi responds relatively well to systemic antifungal treatment, few cases such as ours might require amputation. Clinically, it is difficult to comprehend the exact etiological agent. Proper diagnosis and radiological investigation are necessary for the precise identification of the etiological agent and extent of spread which in turn dictate choice of treatment.
The genus Fissidens (Fissidentaceae) from Brazilian Oceanic Islands: Trindade Island and Martin Vaz Archipelago

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Trindade Island is located in the South Atlantic, about 1,200 km from the Brazilian coast. Although is a small island, area totaling 9.28 km², Trindade hosted high number of endemic species, including 15 endemic plants. The flora is compost mainly by angiosperms, but 32 species of bryophytes, distributes in three botany divisions, live in the island. Fissidentaceae is the second largest family of mosses from Brazil, with 72 species distributed in all Brazilian biomes, and two species were recognized to Trindade Island. Studies with Fissidentaceae from Brazil, made is possible to recognize a new species of Fissidens from Trindade Island and a new occurrence of Fissidens was found in the Martin Vaz Archipelago. Here we propose the new species, Fissidens trindadensis, the name was used in a previous publication, but as an invalid name according the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Now the taxa are here described, illustrated and compared with morphologically similar species.
127 DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF BOVINE MORULAE CULTURED IN SERUM-FREE MEDIUM WITH RETINOIC RECEPTOR SPECIFIC AGONISTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the cell, all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A metabolite, binds to retinoic acid-receptor (RAR), whereas the ATRA isomere 9- cis -retinoic acid (9- cis -RA) binds to both RAR and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Synthetic compounds such as LG100268 (LG; Ligand Laboratories) are highly specific to bind RXR, which allows to differentially study the RAR and RXR pathways. In previous work morulae treated with LG for 48 h showed to improve blastocyst development and to activate pro-apoptotic genes (in press), whereas ATRA for 24 h increased cell numbers in the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE) (Rodríguez et al . 2006 Hum. Reprod. 21, 2149–2157). However, LG and ATRA were never both compared for 24 in medium with BSA, which is thought to be more appropriate to produce embryos for cryopreservation than serum-containing medium. In this work we analyze development, quality, and viability of morulae cultured with RAR and RXR agonists. Cumulus–oocyte complexes from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro . Presumptive zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) +3 gL–1 BSA. On day 6, morulae were treated for 24 h with ATRA 0.7 µ m , LG 0.1 µ m , or no additives. Blastocyst development was monitored up to day 8. Differential cell counts were made on hatched blastocysts on days 7 and 8. Apoptosis and necrosis (TUNEL + nuclear histology) were made on day 8 expanded and hatched blastocysts. Data were analyzed by GLM and Duncan's test, expressed as LSM ± SE, and development rates were expressed as percentages of cultured morulae (replicates [R] = 14 for development; R = 9 for cell counts; R = 4 for apoptosis; n = 1647 morulae). ATRA yielded more blastocysts on day 8 than LG and controls (72.2 ± 2.2 v . 60.0 ± 2.3 and 65.6 ± 2.4, respectively; P &lt; 0.02), and more expanded blastocysts than LG (48.6 ± 2.3 v . 36.6 ± 2.4; P &lt; 0.02), but no more than controls (43.5 ± 2.5). Day-7 and day-8 hatched blastocysts cultured with ATRA showed more total cells than day-7 controls (163.5 ± 8.0 and 161.5 ± 5.4 v . 137.7 ± 8.9, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). However, in the presence of ATRA, day-8 blastocysts showed a strong cell reduction in the inner cell mass (ICM), whereas their day-7 counterparts conserved ICM/total cells proportions comparable to day-7 controls (11.0 ± 1.2 v . 19.7 ± 1.7 and 20.6 ± 1.9, respectively; P &lt; 0.03). The LG increased apoptotic index (AI) and necrotic index (NI) in the ICM (AI: 14.5 ± 2.4 v . 6.4 ± 1.5 and 6.4 ± 1.4; NI: 5.0 ± 1.2 v . 0.9 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.7; for LG, ATRA, and controls, respectively; P &lt; 0.02). Embryos produced with ATRA showed improved development and cell distribution without increasing apoptosis and necrosis. Vitrification of excellent day-7 and day-8 blastocysts is in course to evaluate cryosurvival and further embryo transfer to determine full developmental competence. Grant Support: MEC, project AGL2005-04479. M. MuÃ±oz is sponsored by FICYT .
Empathy Remotely

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article focuses on examining art-based research and empathy research related to health care. The article is based on two narratives produced in the project More Remotely – Work in Social and Health Care is Changing (2020–22): Carefree room project (2020–21) and Look at the Clouds webinar (2020). In this article, the former will be referred to as Narrative I and the latter as Narrative II. The narratives aim at enhancing the well-being of social and health care staff and university students, as well as their participation in changing work and study environments. Our research develops new kinds of methods for remote interaction, here called “compassion without in-person contact”. The research material and the related art-based processes define and develop a method for individual participation in remote interaction, and for understanding and articulating the subjectivity of the interaction. The research material was collected by using art-based research methods (ABR), and it is presented in this article using the abovementioned Narratives I and II as example cases with a special emphasis on visualizing emotions and empathy-based thinking. The method presented here enables ways to engage participants in building a shared understanding, aiming towards enhancing collective well-being and creating empathy-based methods in changing work environments. This article addresses the following questions: 1) How to encounter, process, and manage one’s own emotions? and 2) How to identify, share and understand the emotions of the others remotely?
Validation of the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease for Liver Transplant Allocation in Alberta: Implications for Future Directions in Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Since 2002, the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) has been used for allocation of liver transplants (LT) in the USA. In Canada, livers were allocated by the CanWAIT algorithm. The aim of this study was to compare the abilities of MELD, Child-Pugh (CP), and CanWAIT status to predict 3-month and 1-year mortality before LT in Canadian patients and to describe the use of MELD in Canada. Methods . Validation of MELD was performed in 320 patients listed for LT in Alberta (1998–2002). In October 2014, a survey of MELD use by Canadian LT centers was conducted. Results . Within 1 year of listing, 47 patients were removed from the waiting list (29 deaths, 18 too ill for LT). Using logistic regression, the MELD and CP were better than the CanWAIT at predicting 3-month (AUROC: 0.79, 0.78, and 0.59;p=0.0002) and 1-year waitlist mortality (AUROC: 0.70, 0.70, and 0.55;p=0.0023). Beginning in 2004, MELD began to be adopted by Canadian LT programs but its use was not standardized. Conclusions . Compared with the CanWAIT system, the MELD score was significantly better at predicting LT waitlist mortality. MELD-sodium (MELD-Na) has now been adopted for LT allocation in Canada.
The effects of CRP-to-prealbumin and CRP-to-albumin ratios and other laboratory-derived indices on clinical outcomes in the oldest-old patients in a geriatric ward: A retrospective observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study explores the prognostic value of several inflammation-based indices—C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-albumin ratio (CAR), CRP-to-prealbumin ratio (CPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR)—in hospitalized patients aged 80 years and older. A total of 133 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.3%, and the median length of hospital stay was 15 days. Patients who died were significantly older and had higher CAR, CPR, NLR, and MPVLR levels compared to survivors (p < 0.05 for all). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, CAR (HR = 1.671, p = 0.021), NLR (HR = 1.175, p = 0.006), and MPVLR (HR = 1.169, p = 0.007) emerged as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for these indices: NLR (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.777, cutoff >3.12, p < 0.001), CAR (AUC = 0.721, cutoff >0.99, p < 0.001), MPVLR (AUC = 0.689, cutoff >9.82, p = 0.006), and CPR (AUC = 0.676, cutoff >187.8, p = 0.009). These findings suggest that inflammatory indices—particularly NLR, CAR, and MPVLR—may serve as accessible and clinically relevant prognostic tools in very old-hospitalized patients.
Primary and metastatic paraganglioma of the cranial vault

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary paragangliomas (PGs) are extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumours that are extremely rare. Multiple lesions in the central nervous system raise suspicion of a metastatic process. Lack of consensus on their management warrants the categorization of existing literature to evaluate management options. A systematic review of the medical literature on paraganglioma within the cranial vault was completed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using the Medline database. Tumour physical measures, management parameters, and immunohistochemistry of all documented cases of primary and secondary paraganglioma within the cranial vault were descriptively compared. This review was augmented by comparison with our centre’s case of a 48-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic PG originating in the cauda equina and seeding in the cerebellum. Histological parameters within the literature was also established. The systematic literature review yielded published 52 papers. Most prevalent primary intracranial PGs (n = 37) were in the sellar region (78%, n = 23) and the cerebellum (21%, n = 6). The highest progression free survival was seen in primary sellar PGs (87.5% by 34.5 months) and cerebellar PGs (100% by 35.7 months) when treated with adjuvant radiotherapy with subtotal resection or gross total resection, respectively. Contrasting, the most frequent intracranial PGs metastases (n = 15) occurred in the cerebellum (36%, n = 6), and the cerebral parenchyma (29%, n = 4). Their recurrence rate was between 4 and 10% and these metastasized PG in the cerebellum are slow growing (8.9 years, range: 3–22 years). Adjuvant radiotherapy with Gross Total Resection resulted in the optimum progression-free survival (100% up to 48 months) for the patient with PGs metastasis to the cerebellum. Metastatic PGs tend to be slow-growing and are clinically silent tumours. Diagnosed patients should undergo regular surveillance neuroradiological assessment, regardless of symptomatology, for metastases along the complete neural axis. We recommend operative management with GTR and adjunct RT in these patients.
The Adaptation of İndividuals with Coronary Heart Disease to the Mediterranean Diet, Its Relatiionship with Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the adherence of individuals with existing coronary heart disease to the Mediterranean Diet and to evaluate its association with blood parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 66 individuals aged 30-70 with CHD from a cardiology outpatient clinic between June and September 2022. To ensure sample homogeneity, patients with comorbid conditions such as cancer, kidney disease, liver disease, and pregnant women were excluded. Participants completed a detailed survey including sociodemographic data, biochemical parameters, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and 24-hour dietary recalls. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, employing Independent Samples T-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, ANOVA, and correlation analyses. Results: The mean Mediterranean Diet Score was 32.5 ± 5.7, indicating moderate adherence. Significant differences were observed in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels across different adherence levels (p= 0.006 and 0.02 respectively), with higher Mediterranean Diet Scores correlating with lower levels of these lipids. Additionally, a moderately positive correlation was found between diet scores and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet correlates with improved lipid profiles in CHD patients. These findings support the promotion of the Mediterranean diet for cardiovascular health. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings, particularly through randomized controlled trials focusing on the long-term effects of Mediterranean diet adherence on lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers, and endothelial function. Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Mediterranean Diet, Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure.