jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of patients with acute pancreatitis and their relation to the presence of histologically confirmed pancreatic necrosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study measured the volume and colour, as well as concentrations of trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) in the peritoneal fluid of 22 patients with acute pancreatitis and related these findings to the presence of pancreatic necrosis. Nine patients had a severe attack with histologically confirmed pancreatic necrosis, seven a severe attack without confirmed necrosis, and six a mild attack, also without confirmed necrosis. A free fluid volume > 20 ml or free fluid colour > grade 5 on the Leeds chart, or both detected histologically confirmed pancreatic necrosis with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 31%. A total peritoneal fluid TAP concentration of > or = nmol detected histologically confirmed pancreatic necrosis with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 85%, figures comparable with contrast enhanced computed tomography. These findings suggest that the measurement of peritoneal fluid TAP concentrations can detect effectively histologically confirmed pancreatic necrosis and that such measurements may prove useful in the selection of patients for surgery.
What's Mine is Yours: Pretrained CNNs for Limited Training Sonar ATR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Finding mines in Sonar imagery is a significant problem with a great deal of relevance for seafaring military and commercial endeavors. Unfortunately, the lack of enormous Sonar image data sets has prevented automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms from some of the same advances seen in other computer vision fields. Namely, the boom in convolutional neural nets (CNNs) which have been able to achieve incredible results - even surpassing human actors - has not been an easily feasible route for many practitioners of Sonar ATR. We demonstrate the power of one avenue to incorporating CNNs into Sonar ATR: transfer learning. We first show how well a straightforward, flexible CNN feature-extraction strategy can be used to obtain impressive if not state-of-the-art results. Secondly, we propose a way to utilize the powerful transfer learning approach towards multiple instance target detection and identification within a provided synthetic aperture Sonar data set.
Determination of the Vacant Amount of High‐Affinity Bilirubin Binding Site on Serum Albumin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A principle for determination of the vacant amount of the high‐affinity bilirubin binding site on serum albumin in the newborn is proposed: A small amount of monoacetyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulphone (MADDS) is added to the serum sample and the equilibrium of binding of this substance is assessed by measuring the rate of dialysis into another volume of the same serum. It is shown that MADDS is bound selectively to the specific bilirubin site. Results obtained after addition of varying amounts of five drugs and of oleate are compared with those found by the peroxidase method. Good agreement is found although certain deviations are encountered, as expected in the case of allosteric affects. Free bilirubin concentrations can be calculated from the results.
Installing PACS--lessons learned.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 1997, Carson-Tahoe Hospital in Carson City, Nev., looked into the possibility of installing its own PACS system. Increased productivity was the main business goal the hospital hoped a PACS system would meet. Only two of three chosen vendors seriously considered the request to bid because of the small number of films produced by the hospital. After installation, the hospital identified the referring physicians who used the most film and then directed its marketing efforts to them. Lessons learned include the tremendous need for training of staff, referring physicians and radiologists. Expect everyone to be slow the first week the new system is running. Map out all processes to prepare for contingencies. Make plans for archiving and be flexible in assigning tasks--next week things may change. Consider bringing in an outside consultant to measure people's expectations and fears. After nearly a year, neither the technologists nor physicians express any regrets about the installation of PACS at Carson-Tahoe.
Effect of Various Levels of Commercial Herbitol on the Feed Efficiency and Blood Composition of Broiler

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted during 2015 to evaluate the effect of commercial Herbitol at various concentrations on feed efficiency and blood composition of broiler. A total of 200 Hubbard day old chicks were purchased from local market and brought to Poultry Experimental Station, Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The birds were reared for a period of 06 weeks (42 days). Treatments include group A = control, group B = 2 ml / liter of Herbitol, group C = 4 ml / liter of Herbitol and group D = 6 ml / liter of Herbitol
Diffuse reflectance based inverse Monte Carlo model for the estimation of the dependent scattering of intralipid 20% using a simplified two fiber oblique geometry set up

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Scattering property of Intralipid is widely used for calibration and simulation of turbid media, especially biological tissues, in optical spectroscopic studies. The desired phantom turbidity level matching that of target tissue scattering properties is vital in the right preparation of phantoms mimicking the tissue. A simplified two fiber oblique illumination-collection geometry setup is used along with iterative inverse Monte Carlo simulations on the diffuse reflectance obtained experimentally for estimating the reduced scattering coefficient (μś) of Intralipid-20% for wavelengths ranging from 500 nm to 880 nm. Basic Monte Carlo for Multi Layered media (MCML) code is modified to incorporate the two fiber inverse model of diffuse reflectance with oblique broadband illumination and perpendicular collection of diffusively reflected light from the sample. Wavelength dependent true phase function of Intralipid is incorporated in the model and a semi-empirical concentration scaling methodology is used to obtain volume concentration dependence on the μś. In the inverse modelling, the modified Twersky equation for correlated scattering has been used to obtain the μś profile of Intralipid-20% for its volume concentration ranging from 16% to 100%. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the optical characterization studies of Intralipid-20% involving bulkier instrumentation for the wavelength range under consideration. The study presented in this paper gives an insight for an in vivo fiber based methodology for quantifying the variation of optical scattering during tissue malignancy.
Contact Pressure Analysis on Radial Ball Bearings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper analyze the value of the maximum Hertzian pressures developed at the contact between 12,7 mm bearing balls, the upper ring, the lower ring and the rolling track. We verified three types of ball bearings with the ball number equal with 8, 10 and 12, at a maximum force F, constant on the most strained ball, with values between 1100 N and 1500 N, at nine loading cycles which add 50 units per cycle.
An artificial intelligence model based on transrectal ultrasound images of biopsy needle tract tissues to differentiate prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) images of biopsy needle tract (BNT) tissues for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) and to compare the PCa diagnostic performance of the radiologist model and clinical model. Methods A total of 1696 2D prostate TRUS images were involved from 142 patients between July 2021 and May 2022. The ResNet50 network model was utilized to train classification models with different input methods: original image (Whole model), BNT (Needle model), and combined image [Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) model]. The training set, validation set, and test set were randomly assigned, then randomized 5-fold cross-validation between the training set and validation set was performed. The diagnostic effectiveness of AI models and image combination was accessed by an independent testing set. Then, the optimal AI model and image combination were selected to compare the diagnostic efficacy with that of senior radiologists and the clinical model. Results In the test set, the area under the curve, specificity, and sensitivity of the FPN model were 0.934, 0.966, and 0.829, respectively; the diagnostic efficacy was improved compared with the Whole and Needle models, with statistically significant differences (P &lt; 0.05), and was better than that of senior radiologists (area under the curve: 0.667). The FPN model detected more PCa compared with senior physicians (82.9% vs. 55.8%), with a 61.3% decrease in the false-positive rate and a 23.2% increase in overall accuracy (0.887 vs. 0.655). Conclusion The proposed FPN model can offer a new method for prostate tissue classification, improve the diagnostic performance, and may be a helpful tool to guide prostate biopsy.
Effect of food matrix on antimicrobial activity upon food spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used in foodstuffs due to the desirable effects on the organoleptic and functional characteristics; however they can also cause food spoilage by producing off-flavours, carbon dioxide and textural changes. In such circumstances, their intrinsic high resistance to acidic conditions and antimicrobials poses a problem to the food industry. So it is important to select amongst the food additives those that assure LAB inhibition in acid and complex food matrices assuring safety and quality preservation. In this work we describe the antimicrobial efficiency of sodium diacetate in two prototypes of mayonnaise and ketchup. To that end both matrices (ketchup and mayonnaise) formulated with the selected antimicrobial agent were inoculated with a LAB isolated from previously spoiled sauces and the capability to reduce their initial viable cell numbers was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the inclusion of this antimicrobial into both matrices was not completely successful. While in the ketchup prototype revealed high antimicrobial activity reducing, in 24 h, LAB viable counts by 5.37 log CFU/g, in the mayonnaise only 1 log CFU/g reduction was observed in the same time frame. A probable cause for this discrepancy is the higher fat content of mayonnaise that may be blocking the antimicrobial activity. In conclusion the results obtained show the need to adapt the antimicrobial solution to different complex matrices, since several interactions between food matrix and antimicrobial components may occur
Low-Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermal Stability of New Antidepressant [5-Amino-4-(3-indoly)-3-methyl Pyrazole]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Low-temperature heat capacities of 5-amino-4-(3-indoly)-3-methyl pyrazole were measured by a temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range from T = 193 to 503 K An obvious endothermic process took place in the temperature range of 463-483 K The peak in the heat capacity curve was correspondent to the fusion The experimental molar heat capacities in the temperature range of 243-443 K were fitted to the polynomial The peak temperature. molar enthalpy and entropy of the phase change had been determined to be 476 K. 27.618 kJ [nor' and 58 389 J mol(-1) k(-1) by the repeated heat capacity measurements in the temperature region of 193-503 K The thermodynamic functions. (H-1-G(298.15) K) and (S-1-S-298.15 K). of the compound had been calculated by the numerical integral of the heat-capacity polynomial In addition, TG-DTG techniques were used for further study of thermal behaviour of the compound and showed that the compound began to decompose at 500 K
Preparing for hard times: Scalp and intracranial physiological signatures of proactive cognitive control

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Based on reward and difficulty information, people can strategically adjust proactive cognitive control. fMRI research shows that motivated proactive control is implemented through fronto‐parietal control networks that are triggered by reward and difficulty cues. Here, we investigate electrophysiological signatures of proactive control. Previously, the contingent negative variation (CNV) in the ERPs and oscillatory power in the theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha band (8–14 Hz) have been suggested as signatures of control implementation. However, experimental designs did not always separate control implementation from motor preparation. Critically, we used a mental calculation task to investigate effects of proactive control implementation on the CNV and on theta and alpha power, in absence of motor preparation. In the period leading up to task onset, we found a more negative CNV, increased theta power, and decreased alpha power for hard versus easy calculations, showing increased proactive control implementation when a difficult task was expected. These three measures also correlated with behavioral performance, both across trials and across subjects. In addition to scalp EEG in healthy participants, we collected intracranial local field potential recordings in an epilepsy patient. We observed a slow‐drift component that was more pronounced for hard trials in a hippocampal location, possibly reflecting task‐specific preparation for hard mental calculations. The current study thus shows that difficulty information triggers proactive control in absence of motor preparation and elucidates its neurophysiological signatures.
On the behaviour of solutions to a kind of third order neutral stochastic differential equation with delay

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article demonstrates the behaviour of solutions to a kind of nonlinear third order neutral stochastic differential equations. Setting $x^{\prime }(t)=y(t)$ x ′ ( t ) = y ( t ) , $y^{\prime }(t) =z(t)$ y ′ ( t ) = z ( t ) the third order differential equation is ablated to a system of first order differential equations together with its equivalent quadratic function to derive a suitable downright Lyapunov functional. This functional is utilised to obtain criteria which guarantee stochastic stability of the trivial solution and stochastic boundedness of the nontrivial solutions of the discussed equations. Furthermore, special cases are provided to verify the effectiveness and reliability of our hypotheses. The results of this paper complement the existing decisions on system of nonlinear neutral stochastic differential equations with delay and extend many results on third order neutral and stochastic differential equations with and without delay in the literature.
[Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) as a test of surgical treatment effectiveness in Graves-Basedow's diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to assess the relations between the concentration of antibodies against TSH receptors (TRAb) and the outcome of the surgical treatment in Graves-Basedow's disease. The studies were performed in 30 patients (age range--18-50, mean -37) operated on for Graves-Basedow's disease and in 20 healthy controls. In control group, the TRAb concentration was mean -2.75 +/- 2.06 U/l, the TSH mean -1.06 +/- 0.53 mlU/l, and FT4 mean -14.71 +/- 2.15 pmol/l. The thyroid volume was mean -14.45 +/- 2.37 ml. In the group operated on antibody concentration was determined before and 12 months after the surgery. The TSH and FT4 concentrations were also determined before and 12 months after the operation. Moreover, the size of the thyroid remnant was assessed ultrasonographically 12 months after the procedure. The results showed the effectiveness of the surgical treatment, i.e. hyperthyroidism was not observed in 22 out of 30 patients. Among these 22 patients, euthyreosis was found in 14 cases (46%) and hypothyreosis was observed in 8 cases (27%). In the euthyreosis group, the pre-operative TRAb concentration was mean -24.00 +/- 11.04 U/l. 12 months after the operation, the decreased levels of antibodies were found in 13 patients (mean -6.14 +/- 5.71 U/l). In the hypothyreosis group, the pre-operative TRAb concentration was mean -24.50 +/- 10.43 U/l. After the surgical procedure, TRAb levels were normal in all patients, the average values being 2.13 +/- 1.34 U/l. In 8 patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism (27%), TRAb concentration before the surgery was higher, mean -107.25 +/- 56.69 U/l. 12 months after subtotal strumectomy, the patients in this group still did not show normal TRAb levels (mean -54.25 +/- 51.61 U/l). Moreover, the relations between the size of the thyroid remnant and the TRAb level were evaluated. In the group with recurrent hyperthyroidism and high TRAb levels, the thyroid size (volume) left was mean -12.10 +/- 6.25 ml, in the euthyreosis group mean -5.54 +/- 2.23 ml, while in the hypothyreosis group it was mean -4.86 +/- 1.14 ml.
Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Astrocytes, one of the most abundant and heterogeneous types of glial cell in the brain and spinal cord, are responsible for various essential functions in the healthy central nervous system, including maintaining the blood brain barrier integrity, regulating neuron differentiation and supporting, nourishing, protecting, insulating and repairing neurons. They also fulfill a range of other homeostatic maintenance functions. Astrocytes are activated after traumatic brain injury. They then exhibit heterogeneous gene expression and changes in morphology, proliferative capacity and various functions in response either acute or chronic brain injury and associated secondary brain injury. Some biomarkers and imaging tools have been used to monitor astrogliosis after traumatic brain injury. Initially, morphological characteristics and the physiology of astrocytes are reviewed. Subsequently, alterations of astrocytes are described, which includes both the complex mechanisms and roles of reactive astrocytes. The roles of biomarkers and signaling pathways following traumatic brain injury have been summarized as well as the morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. In the latter case, by considering astrocytes as therapeutic targets of traumatic brain injury, the mechanisms of the latest drug treatments are explained. This review highlights the beneficial effects of astrogliosis according to some recent findings, which provides new insights for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
Nesting biology of Hauxwell's Thrush ( Turdus hauxwelli ): with notes on altitudinal variation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Turdus has a nearly complete anthology of nesting descriptions for its 70 species. One species yet to have nesting described is Turdus hauxwelli, a Neotropical bird native to South America. In addition to an altitudinal range expansion, here we document 19 active T. hauxwelli nests from 2 elevational regions (400 and 1,350 m) in the Andes of Southeastern Peru. Along with detailed descriptions of nest measurements and composition, we also describe nesting behavior. We present detailed information on T. hauxwelli temperature fluctuations in nest and eggs, and nest attentiveness during incubation and nestling period. The average egg weight was 6.12 g with dimensions of 26.71 × 20.05 mm. The female conducted an average of 28 trips per day during incubation, which lasted 13.7 d while the nestling period lasted 14.25 d. The overall daily survival probability for the nests is 19.5%. Other nesting traits were also similar between sites, with only nest mass differing by 37% between elevations, and even greater at higher elevations. Nesting traits among Turdus species do not vary drastically, however, despite occupying a variety of ecosystems from sea level up to 4,500 m, suggesting a low evolutionary lability in nesting traits in this genus.
Tailored Workflow for Optimizing the Hydraulic Fracturing in Tight Reservoir Development: A Case Study from Cambay Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Objectives/Scope Rock fabric characteristics of Gamij Field lies in the purview of conventional reservoirs but are as complex and uncertain as unconventional. It is a multi-layered, heterogeneous reservoir on depletion drive with very low permeability. Even after hydraulic fracturing and artificial lift, the production rate lies in the range of 3-4 m3/d. This paper evaluates the impact of past hydraulic fracture operations and uses this understanding to optimize the stimulation strategy for future wells. Methods, Procedures, Process A customized multidisciplinary modeling and flow simulation workflow; integrating petrophysical, geomechanical, stimulation and production data was adopted and applied to sectors of the field. Two techniques were combined 1. Unconventional (Fast Loop) 2. Conventional (Slow Loop) in an intriguing and iterative manner. Hydraulic Fractures were designed, optimized and calibrated using a rigorous workflow of unstructured grid and unconventional fracture modelling/3D planar fractures in the sector models. Sector model is considered the most effective approach to characterize completion quality in Gamij Field due to the limitation of current modelling technologies to design and simulate hydraulic fractures in full-field model. Results, Observations, Conclusions The results of sector model is validated with full field model and a number of iterations were performed to match pressure from the result to the initially assumed in creation of 3D MEM (Mechanical Earth Model). Reservoir quality (RQ) estimation is affected by complex mineralogy including abundance of iron and titanium rich sediments. Stress regime shows vertical transverse isotropy nature of shales and suggest re-orientations near to fault zones. There are several areas, especially in the eastern part, where the tectonic regime changes from normal to strike-slip faulting. HF modelling not only explains the contrasting behavior of existing wells, but also discusses alternatives that could help to unlock the true potential of the pay zones. This paper elucidates techniques to maximize reservoir understanding and allow optimization of hydraulic fracture design in terms of casing diameter, job size, and design. Simulations shows multiple fractures were created from different preformation cluster in a single stage treatment. Overall, the case study showcases different factors that govern the development of a tight oil reservoir and the ways to characterize and quantify these uncertainties. Novel/Additive Information This work is the first step to quantify the complex reservoir mineralogy, impact of laminations, depletion, stress variation on the efficiency of HF jobs. Identification of potential sweet spots based on reservoir quality and completion quality indexes, establishing well productivity. The uncertainty cannot be eliminated but it ought to be reduced and risk analyzed before the actual execution.