jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Modeling of Climate Risk in the Dominican Republic Using a Multivariate Simulator

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study introduces a multivariate simulation framework for assessing climate risks in the Dominican Republic. The simulator operates in two modes—climate risk evaluation and disaster management—using a unified database. This database integrates codified variables associated with global warming, hazards, vulnerabilities (including their interdependencies), and adaptive capacities, facilitating risk assessments across diverse scenarios. Simulations are initiated using predefined variable combinations, interconnected via Boolean algebra, to generate risk levels aligned with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scales. The key findings underscore the influence of specific variables within the modeled scenarios. For instance, inadequate energy management and insufficient mitigation measures significantly amplify climate risks, particularly in regions with vulnerable infrastructure. Validation against established models, including EN-ROADS and PRECIS, confirms the simulator’s predictive accuracy and reliability. This study highlights the critical role of regionalized risk assessments in developing targeted adaptation and mitigation strategies that address localized vulnerabilities. The proposed simulator provides an innovative tool for real-time climate risk assessment, enabling policymakers to model potential outcomes and optimize decision-making processes. Future improvements should focus on enhancing spatial resolution, integrating real-time data, and refining models of infrastructure interdependencies. This research advances the development of evidence-based climate risk assessment tools, supporting informed policymaking and effective disaster risk management in the Dominican Republic.
Dion–Jacobson to Alternating‐Cations‐Interaction Reconstruction toward Narrow Bandgap 2D Aromatic Hybrid Perovskite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 2D aromatic Dion–Jacobson (DJ) hybrid perovskites combining advantages of high stability, enhanced light absorption, and favorable charge transport, are regarded as a kind of very promising materials for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. However, due to the rigidity and large size of the aromatic ring, how to further reduce the interlayer distance to achieve better carrier transport and wider light response window still remain extremely challenging. Here, an interesting DJ‐to‐ACI (alternating‐cations‐interaction) reconstruction in 2D aromatic perovskite is first realized by inserting MA + cations into (4‐AP)PbI 4 (1, 4‐AP = 4‐amidinopyridinium), successfully constructing an unprecedented ACI perovskite of (4‐AP)(MA) 2 Pb 2 I 8 ( 2 , MA = methylamine). Remarkably, such a DJ‐to‐ACI reconstruction not only effectively reduces the interlayer spacing from 3.89 to 3.15 Å but also alleviates the structural distortion, which jointly causes a significant bandgap narrowing from 2.22 to 1.95 eV (smaller than all current 2D monolayered DJ perovskites), hence achieving a broad photodetection window over 660 nm. This work reports a novel narrow bandgap 2D ACI perovskite derived from the aromatic DJ motif, which sheds light on future regulations on the structure and properties of hybrid perovskites.
Value chain analysis of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Fruits in Blue Nile State, Sudan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is one of the underutilized indigenous tree species, baobab fruits might be an opportunity as an income source for rural communities in Sudan. The specific research questions were: (i) Who is participating in the market chain of baobab fruits; (ii) what are the activities, linkages and relations between the actors in the market chain of baobab fruits; (iii) what is the relationship between main actors of baobab market chain for baobab fruits; and (v) how do the benefits distribute between actors along market chain of baobab fruits?. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select the 54 baobab value chain actors including producers, village traders, retailers, wholesalers and consumers of baobab fruits. All selected actors were interviewed to collect information on fruits quantities and incomes generated. Additional information from a household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, market surveys, direct observations, and literature review were used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the baobab business. The study results illustrated that the main actors of the baobab along the market value were producers or gathersor collectors, village traders, retailers, wholesalers, and consumers. The study results also identified that the gross margins of the actors were 96.84%, 87.97%, 85.67% and 62.61% for the producers, wholesalers, village traders and retailers, respectively. The study concluded that baobab fruits local trade is very important for profits for all actors. Further investigations are needed on actors involved in baobab fruits trade especially local processors on big city and exporters to international markets.
A Campylobacter jejuni homolog of the LcrD/FlbF family of proteins is necessary for flagellar biogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A Campylobacter jejuni homolog of the lcrD/flbF family of genes was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the gene, called flbA, predicted a protein of 78,864 Da, with significant homology to a group of related proteins including the Yersinia pestis LcrD, Salmonella typhimurium InvA, and Caulobacter crescentus FlbF proteins. The greatest homology was seen with the C. crescentus FlbF protein, with an overall amino acid sequence homology of 57%. An insertion mutation in the C. jejuni 81-176 flbA gene was constructed. The resultant strain did not synthesize flagellin and was nonmotile.
The molecular mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by AFB1 in the jejunum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has potent hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic and other adverse effects in human and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by AFB1 in the jejunum of broilers. Broilers, as experimental animals, were fed 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 diet for 3 weeks. Our results showed that AFB1 reduced the jejunal villus height, villus height/crypt ratio and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest. The G2/M cell cycle was accompanied by the increase of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), p53, Chk2, p21 protein and mRNA expression, and the decrease of Mdm2, cdc25C, cdc2, cyclin B and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein and mRNA expression. In conclusion, AFB1 blocked G2/M cell cycle by ATM pathway in the jejunum of broilers.
Making Sense: The use of Theory and Research to Support Foster Care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, based on themes from her recent book, Attachment, Trauma and Resilience (BAAF, 2002), Kate Cairns proposes that foster carers and adopters need theories and models drawn from or supported by research in order to make sense of their life with children who have experienced early adversity. A range of ‘great ideas’ are briefly presented and placed in the context of child development. Concepts drawn from attachment theory and affect theory are included, as well as issues of trust, shame and resilience, and ideas arising from research on brain development and traumatic stress.
PENGARUH TERAPI RELAKSASI GUIDED IMAGERY TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The elderly are individuals aged 60 years and over who experience physical, mental, psychosocial changes. One of the thysical changes in the cardiovaskular system where the heart valves thicken and become stiff so that the aortic wall decreases. The heartꞌs ability to pump blood decreases resulting in loss of elasticity of blood vessels which can cause blood pressure which is at risk for several degenerative disease including hypertension. Hypertension is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal. One of the non-farmakological treatments is guided imagery relaxation theraphy, guided imagery relaxation theraphy is a techique that uses a personꞌs imagination by imagining good or happy things, fun and calming. Research Objectives: The aim in this study was to analyze the effect of guided imagery relaxation theraphy on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. Research Methods: This study uses a literature review by analyzing articels related to the research. Data were obtained from electronic databases, namely Goggle Scholar, Pubmed, Proques, with the keywords elderly, guided imagery, and hypertension published in 2015-2020. Results: Based on the results of the analysis of 10 research articles reviewed, it was found that area there was a significant effect of guided imagey relaxation theraphy on changes in blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension, because by stimulating the brain through imagination, a response in the nervouse system can arise which makes the body relax. It is felt by the body so that endorphins are released into the blood vessels so that the blood vessels experience vasodilation and the blood supply is fulfilled which can cause a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Conclussion: Guided imagery relaxation theraphy can reduce blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.
Tunable magneto-optical properties in MoS$_2$ via defect-induced exciton transitions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The presence of chalcogen vacancies in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) leads to excitons with mixed localized-delocalized character and to reduced valley selectivity. Recent experimental advances in defect design in TMDs allow for a close examination of such mixed exciton states as a function of their degree of circular polarization under external magnetic fields, revealing strongly varying defect-induced magnetic properties. A theoretical understanding of these observations and their physical origins demands a predictive, structure-sensitive theory. In this work, we study the effect of chalcogen vacancies on the exciton magnetic properties in monolayer MoS$_2$. Using many-body perturbation theory, we show how the complex excitonic picture associated with the presence of defects -- with reduced valley and spin selectivity due to hybridized electron-hole transitions -- leads to structurally-controllable exciton magnetic response. We find a variety of g-factors with changing magnitudes and sign depending on the exciton energy and character. Our findings suggest a pathway to tune the nature of the excitons -- and by that their magneto-optical properties -- through defect architecture.
Fenestrated Muscle Hook for Retinal Detachment Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PASSAGE of a bridle stay suture beneath each rectus muscle insertion is done to control the eye in most operative procedures for retinal detachment. This report describes an instrument which has proven useful in the rapid passage of these sutures. Two modifications of the instrument have been fashioned from ordinary muscle hooks (Fig 1). In both the tip of the muscle hook was flattened to a thickness of about one third millimeter. In a right-angle model, an oval hole, 2×1 mm, was bored near the tip of the instrument to accommodate either a stay suture or a No. 40 silastic band (Fig 1). Another model with a 1 mm round hole at the slightly pointed tip was designed for the passage of stay sutures only. An S-shaped curve in the shank permits easier exposure of the instrument tip once it is passed beneath the muscle. A No. 4-0 stay suture
Biological Activity of Two Anticancer Pt Complexes with a Cyclohexylglycine Ligand against a Colon Cancer Cell Line: Theoretical and Experimental Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because of their extraordinary ability to disrupt the natural structure of nucleic acids, metal complexes could be used in cancer therapy. In this study, cyclohexylglycine (HL) as a ligand and two new Pt complexes, [Pt(NH3)2(L)]NO3 (1) and [Pt(bipy)(L)]NO3 (2), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, LC-MS, UV-vis spectrometry, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, HPLC analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 2 crystallized in the orthorhombic Pbca space group, and density functional theory (DFT) was used to describe its structural parameters were described in detail. These complexes can be classified as oral medications and drug-like molecules based on a comparison of their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion assessment. Quantum chemical descriptors (QCDs) were determined using DFT calculations to predict the tendency of DNA to approach these complexes. During the determination of the function of the metallodrug in DNA binding, the fluorescence data indicated that static quenching took place for all ligands and complexes with higher DNA binding affinity. CD and isothermal absorption studies indicate the presence of electrostatic and groove binding for the amine derivative and that DNA binds with the bipy moiety via groove binding. Furthermore, the interaction modes were determined using molecular docking to investigate the binding of these compounds with the target DNA molecule. According to docking investigations, binding energies of -5.7, -11.56, and -10.00 kcal/mol for HL and complexes 1 and 2, respectively, indicate partially electrostatic and groove binding. The anticancer activities of the Pt(II) complexes were tested against the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 35.51 and 51.33 μM for 1 and 2, respectively, after 72 h. These values show that the inhibitory effect of complex 1 was better than those of 2 and carboplatin (IC50 = 51.94 μM).
The Diagnostic Role of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Measuring the Depth of Burn and Traumatic Scars for More Accurate Laser Dosimetry: Pilot Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of burn and traumatic scars for both civilian and wounded warriors can be challenging. As these scars are often very deep, OCT allows for non-invasive examination of the thickness of the scar allowing the physician better accuracy for laser settings in the treatment for the full thickness of the scar tissue. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(11):1375-1380..
Photoswitching of the Second Harmonic Generation from Poled Phenyl-Substituted Dithienylethene Thin Films and EFISH Measurements

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photoswitching of the second harmonic generation signal of poled phenyl-substituted dithienylethene/polystyrene thin films evidence a different behavior in function by their molecular structure. The three nonzero πXXZ(2), πZXX(2), and πZZZ(2) coefficients of second order susceptibility at 1064 nm have been measured for both isomeric forms of substituted diarylethene in polymer films. The relationship between πXXZ(2), πZXX(2), and πZZZ(2) for symmetrical diarylethene (OMe-OMe and CN-CN) differs from that found for the asymmetrical OMe-CN chromophore, suggesting for the two symmetrically substituted molecules a two-dimensional first hyperpolarizability. The two-dimensional first hyperpolarizability model has been checked by a statistical analysis from the correlation between susceptibility and first hyperpolarizability. Analysis of βxxz, βzxx, and βzzz values confirm for OMe-OMe and CN-CN a two-dimensional charge flow pattern, which is different from the monodimensional OMe-CN. Moreover, the goodness of the our statistical model was confirmed by comparing the βz value measured by the EFISH technique with respect to that calculated from the three components βxxz, βzxx, and βzzz.
Continuous-Time Topics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The fundamental PDE for valuing cash flows or cash flow streams is explained. In a complete market, an investor’s optimal wealth satisfies the fundamental PDE, and this provides a means of calculating the optimal portfolio. Risk neutral probabilities and Girsanov’s theorem are explained. Jump processes, including Poisson processes, are introduced. The risk premium of an asset with jump risks depends on covariation of its continuous part with the continuous part of an SDF and the covariation of its discontinuous part with the discontinuous part of an SDF. Portfolio choice with internal habits is characterized. The ability of a representative investor model with an internal habit to explain the equity premium puzzle is discussed.
Handmaids' tales of Washington power: the abject and the real Kennedy White House

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We commence at a moment and place of international relations that Elshtain, Enloe, and Tickner did not address. The setting is the early 1960s White House. John Kennedy is president; Jacqueline Kennedy graces the covers of fashion magazines; Marilyn Monroe is hot; and missiles in Cuba press on US and international nerves. The missiles are real enough, but the White House principals live at odds with their Madison Avenue smiles, relying on scores of unseen handlers to polish images and keep secrets. "Handmaids' Tales" weaves those years and those people around feminist theory, feminist fiction, and feminist international relations of the 1990s.
[The effects of liraglutide on body composition and muscle strength in adult obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of liralutide on body composition and muscle function in adult obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: A total of 63 adult obese type 2 diabetic patients who were (52.6±9.7) years of age and with body mass index (BMI) of ≥28 kg/m2 were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. On the basis of maintaining the original hypoglycemic regimen, patients in the control group (n=24) were given dietary guidance only, and those in the treatment group (n=39) were injected with liraglutide. All patients were followed up for a period of 12 weeks. Blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and insulin levels, liver and kidney function, body composition assessed with electrical impedance methods, and grip strength measured by a grip meter for muscle function were detected at the baseline and the end of the study. Results: Compared with those in the control group, the reductions in HbA1c [(-1.54±2.10) % vs.(-0.53±0.84) %], body weight [(-3.46±4.2) kg vs.(-0.34±3.66) kg], body fat mass [(-1.97±2.98) kg vs.(-0.01±2.16) kg] and visceral fat area [(-0.01±2.16) cm2 vs.(0.34±6.39) cm2] were more pronouced in liraglutide treated group (all P<0.05). However, no changes could be observed in muscle mass and grip strength after liraglutide treatment. Conclusions: In addition to reducing blood glucose, body weight and fat mass, treatment with lilaluptide had no impact on muscle mass and muscle function. Therefore, liralutide is suitable for obese patients with type 2 diabetes, especially for weight management patients who are at risk of muscle loss.
Reexamination and Extension of Kleine, Kleine, and Kernan's Social Identity Model of Mundane Consumption: The Mediating Role of the Appraisal Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Reexamination and Extension of Kleine, Kleine, and Kernan's Social Identity Model of Mundane Consumption: The Mediating Role of the Appraisal Process Get access Debra A. Laverie, Debra A. Laverie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert E. Kleine, III, Robert E. Kleine, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan Schultz Kleine Susan Schultz Kleine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, March 2002, Pages 659–669, https://doi.org/10.1086/338208 Published: 01 March 2002 Article history Received: 01 April 2000 Revision received: 01 June 2001 Published: 01 March 2002
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): A Powerful Method for the Detection of Genetic Abnormalities in Metaphases and in Interphase Nuclei

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Important advances have been achieved by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the visualization of specific DNA sequences making this technique a useful tool for routine diagnostic and research in hematology and oncology. Chromosomal translocations, deletions, amplification of specific genes, and changes in chromosome number can be detected in metaphases as well as in interphase cells using probes ranging from whole chromosome paints to individual gene-specific probes. Because large numbers of nondividing cells can be analyzed using interphase cytogenetics, it is possible to detect a small population of malignant cells at a level undetectable by conventional morphologic and cytogenetic techniques. Cell culturing can be avoided, which additionally negates the selective growth potential of normal or abnormal clones in vitro. The potential uses of FISH continue to increase with each new technical innovation.
Assessing the risk impact of COVID-19 on China’s FinTech industry: A multi-dimensional analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the risk of the FinTech sector from a risk perspective. This study employs a multi-dimensional analysis approach and a rich data set that includes data from typical listed FinTech companies from 2016 to 2023. The research not only examines the overall risk level of the FinTech industry during the pandemic but also compares the risk changes in the FinTech industry with those in the traditional banking sector at different stages of the pandemic, revealing the unique risk characteristics of the financial technology industry when faced with the shocks of the pandemic. The results of the study indicate that COVID-19 has had a significant negative impact on risks in the FinTech sector, particularly in terms of risk of bankruptcy and risk of extreme losses. The findings of this study provide valuable information for regulators and investors in developing future crisis prevention and risk management strategies.
<title>Perfectly retrievable unipolar optoelectronic neural associative memory</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A perfectly convergent, unipolar, neural associative memory system based on nonlinear, dynamical terminal attractors is presented. By adaptively setting the threshold values for the dynamic iteration for the unipolar, binary neuron states with terminal-attractors, the achievement of perfect convergence and correct retrieval has been demonstrated via computer simulation. The simulations are completed by (1) exhaustive tests with all of the possible combinations of stored and test vectors in small-scale networks, and (2) Monte Carlo simulations with randomly generated stored and test vectors in large-scale networks with an M/N ratio equals 4 (M: the number of stored vectors; and N: the number of neurons up to 256). An experiment with exclusive-or logic operation using LCTV SLMs is used to show the feasibility of an optoelectronic implementation of the model. The behavior of terminal attractors in basins of energy space is illustrated through examples.