jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Venous Anomalies in Syndromic Craniosynostosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The pattern of cranial venous drainage in syndromic craniosynostosis is unpredictable and not adequately understood. Collateral channels substitute for stenotic venous sinuses and pose potential risk for surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of venous drainage in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and their influence on operative planning and morbidity. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis from 2000 to 2013 was performed. Demographic data were collected including phenotype and associated pathologies. Pre- and/or postoperative venous imaging was reviewed for venous sinus stenosis, collateral emissaries, and persistent fetal sinuses. Categorization of anomalous venous drainage was performed, and the relationship with surgical morbidity was assessed. Results: Forty-one patients were identified. Anomalies were present in 31 patients (76%) consisting of dural sinus stenosis in 28 (68%), dilated emissaries in 26 (63%), and fetal sinuses in 7 (17%). Pfeiffer syndrome was most commonly associated with anomalous drainage (100%). Venous anomalies were associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), shunted hydrocephalus, Chiari malformations, and sleep apnea. In 5 cases, the surgical plan was adjusted based on anomalous anatomy. No mortalities occurred. Intraoperative complication rate was 7.3%, all with anomalous drainage. Median estimated blood loss was 1,100 cc for patients with anomalies versus 400 cc without anomalies ( P = 0.181). Conclusion: Cranial venous anomalies are commonly detected in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and may affect surgical morbidity and outcome with a higher estimated blood loss, alteration of procedure, and postoperative morbidity. Detailed preoperative imaging of the venous drainage is therefore recommended in cases of syndromic synostosis.
Agro-morphological differentiation between European hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars in relation to their origin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is mainly used as flavoring and aromatic component in beer production. Breeding of new cultivars has focused on economically important characters such as brewing quality, yield potential and resistance to diseases. To broaden the genetic base available for breeding purposes, hop genetic resources with different origin are examined in respect of traits valuable to cultivars improvement. The aim of the research was to recognize the extent of diversity within European hop cultivars on the basis of agro-morphological traits linked with productivity potential as well as chemical compounds desired for brewing. Thirty eight accessions of hop originating from Poland, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Czech Republic and former Yugoslavia grown in the same environmental conditions in Poland were investigated. Many of these accessions are rarely included in the study because they are relatively poorly represented in most germplasm collections of Humulus genus. Five morphological characteristics as well as qualitative traits like alpha acids content, resistance to powdery and downy mildews and term of technological maturity were studied. Cluster and principal component analyses were performed to assess the diversity among studied cultivars. A large variability was observed for most traits. Results of correlation analysis showed significant positive or negative correlations among some important traits. On the basis of principal component analysis, the most significant traits responsible for variation in studied material were the length of lateral branches and the height of cones formation. The wide range of variability indicates a considerable potential for improving hop genotypes for both morphological and qualitative traits. Cluster analysis based on agro-morphological characteristics separated the studied cultivars into two groups reflecting two major breeding objectives, i.e. development of aroma and bitter cultivars. Discrimination based on phenotypic characteristics was generally in accordance with parentage of studied genotypes.
A Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimized Human Assessed Multi-Target Generated Spectral Recommender System for Rapid Pareto Discoveries of Material Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Optimization for different tasks like material characterization, synthesis, and functional properties for desired applications over multi-dimensional control parameter and function spaces need a rapid strategic search through active learning. However, in all cases prior to optimization, the target material properties are assumed known and fixed, which mostly deviates from real-world scenarios in material synthesis. This can be critical for running expensive experiments on new materials, when the experimental results are fuzzy for any scientific outcomes due to improper target setting, ultimately wasting time and cost. The failure rate and cost are even higher over exploring on multi-target space, where we want to learn the pareto among multiple properties, to jointly optimize during material synthesis for desired applications. To address the challenge, here we introduce the human-operator attempt flexibility in the active learning based automated experiment framework, with generating multiple human assessed targets through a voting-based recommender system during real-time microscope measurements over the large material image space, sequentially learn/update multiple desired targets through a weighting system, and adaptively search in multiple material properties functional space for non-dominated pareto discoveries to maximize the custom structural similarity based acquisition function. We term this a multi-objective Bayesian optimized human assessed multi-target generated spectral recommender systems (MOBO-HAM-SRS). The approach has been demonstrated to peizoresponse force spectroscopy of a ferroelectric thin film, exploring with different kernels and acquisition functions. This work shows an advancement towards human-AI collaborated automated experiments, steering optimization trajectories through human overpowering AI at the early stage when uncertainty is high and AI overpowering human at the later stage with rapid exploration towards optimal goal, following human-assessed multiple targets properties.
Deutschlands internationale Klimafinanzierung auf dem Prüfstand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss whether Germany fulfills its international commitments in financing climate projects in vulnerable countries of the Global South or whether the financing is rather guided by German interests. To this end, we take a critical look at the fact that climate projects are mainly financed through the development cooperation budget. We also discuss the allocation of funds between climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation. We argue that the budget of development cooperation should be increased, and that international climate finance should focus more on climate adaptation.
A Dynamic General Equilibrium Model Satisfying Golden Rule in Neoclassical Growth Theory

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper constructs a model which is more close to the reality to describe individual saving behavior accurately and explain the long-term growth of economy. The model constructed in this paper is the improvement and innovation of neoclassical growth models including Solow model, RCK model and OLG model. Starting from the micro decision making of individuals and firms, there exists balanced growth path (BGP) and capital stock in steady state satisfies the golden rule in general equilibrium. Total saving rate equals the elasticity of output with respect to capital. The long-term economic growth depends on exogenous technological progress.
Effect of acoustic pulses and EHF radiation on multipotent marrow stromal cells in tissue engineering constructs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this paper, we studied the effects of physical factors, such as, acoustic pulses of laser-induced hydrodynamics (ALIH) and extremely-high frequencies (EHF) radiation, on the formation of heterotopic bone marrow organs. A suspension of precipitated bone marrow cells from CBA mice were exposed to ALIH pulses and EHF radiation separately and in their combination tissue engineering constructs, presenting gelatin sponges 2 by 2 by 2[Formula: see text]mm in size containing 10 7 nucleated bone marrow cells, were exposed to physical factors and were implanted under the renal capsules of syngeneic mice. The newly formed hematopoietic organs were examined in three and five months later after treatment. The five months old transplants were bigger in size than the three months old transplants. The number of hematopoietic cells in the rest of the groups increased during this period by a factor from 3 to 10, the increase being as high as 20-fold in the ALIH[Formula: see text]EHF group. Maximal concentration of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) was in the EHF[Formula: see text]ALIH, and minimal concentration was in the ALIH[Formula: see text]EHF. The accumulation rate of bone capsule weight was highest for the transplants of EHF[Formula: see text]ALIH and ALIH-sponge groups during the first three months. These data showed that the combined impact of the EHF[Formula: see text]ALIH on MSCs is the most effective for the formation of bone marrow transplantation.
Strategic CSR‐brand fit and customers’ brand passion: Theoretical extension and analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Prior research in the brand management realm has broadly captured passion for a brand through brand‐related factors. However, to the authors’ knowledge, how the fit between a brand and its corporate social responsibility efforts (strategic CSR‐brand fit) drive brand passion has been surprisingly ignored. Drawing on congruence theory, basic psychological needs theory, and social identity theory, we argue that strategic CSR‐brand fit can significantly influence customers’ sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which in turn leads to brand passion. Furthermore, we hypothesize customer–company identification (CCI) as a key boundary condition for the indirect positive effect of strategic CSR‐brand fit on brand passion through customers’ satisfaction of psychological needs. Structural equation modeling results from a survey conducted with telecom customers ( N = 1,059) supported a positive indirect effect of strategic CSR‐brand fit on brand passion through the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs. Moreover, the indirect effect was statistically significant through competence and relatedness needs satisfaction for customers with high CCI but it was not significant through competence satisfaction for customers with low CCI. CCI trivially facilitates brand passion formation through autonomy needs satisfaction. Implications of these findings for shaping brand passion among customers are discussed.
Association Between Body Mass Index and the Risk of Hip Fracture by Sex and Age: A Prospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The association between body mass index (BMI) and hip fracture may differ by ethnic group. We examined the association between BMI and hip fracture according to sex and age and to identify BMI ranges associated with the lowest risk in Korean men and women. We followed up 288,068 Korean adults (aged 50 to 80 years), who underwent health examinations in 2002–03 to 2013; we examined national hospital discharge records. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for confounders. During a mean follow-up period of 10.5 years, 1502 men and 2432 women suffered a hip fracture. Nonlinear associations were observed between BMI and hip fracture: a U-curve for women and a reverse J-curve for men. Men with BMIs of 27.5 to 29.9 kg/m2 and women with BMIs of 25 to 27.4 kg/m2 showed the lowest incidence of hip fracture. The multivariate-adjusted HRs for hip fracture per 5 kg/m2 decrease in BMI were 2.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83–2.38) and 1.34 (95% CI 1.19–1.51) in men and women with BMI &lt;25 kg/m2. The HRs were generally highest in the age group of 50 to 59 years (HR = 3.42 in men and 2.27 in women) and thereafter decreased with age. Among participants with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, the HRs for hip fracture per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI were 1.26 (95% CI 1.08–1.47) in women and 0.91 (95% CI 0.62–1.33) in men. In conclusion, the overweight range of BMI was associated with the lowest risk of hip fracture. Lower BMI was a risk factor for hip fracture, whereas obesity was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, particularly in women. Overweight may be protective against hip fracture in Asian adults but not obesity. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Fairly Sharing the Network for Multitier Applications in Clouds

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A significant trend caused by cloud computing is to aggregate applications for sharing resources. Thus, it is necessary to provide fair resources and performance among applications, especially for the network, which is provided in the best-effort manner in current clouds. Although many studies have made efforts for provisioning fair bandwidth, they are not sufficient for network fairness. In fact, for interactive applications, response time is more sensitive than bandwidth, and users expect a fair response time not just bandwidth. In this study, the authors want to investigate whether the traditional methods of sharing bandwidth can help the fairness of response time. They show that: (1) bandwidth has little relationship to response time, and adjusting bandwidth hardly affects response time in most cases. Thus, the traditional methods cannot help the fairness of response time much; and (2) the fairness between components is different from the one between transactions, and many prior studies only consider the former while ignoring the latter. Thus, the authors cannot help much for multitier applications consisting of multiple transactions either. As a result, they construct a model with two metrics to evaluate the fairness status of the network sharing, while considering the applications' characteristics on both the response time and throughput. Based on the model, they also propose a mechanism to improve the fairness status. The evaluation results show that the authors' mechanism improves the fairness status by 26.5%–52.8%, and avoids performance degradation compared to some practical mechanisms.
On hydromagnetic wave interactions in collisionless, high-$β$ plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe the interaction of parallel-propagating Alfvén waves with ion-acoustic waves and other Alfvén waves, in magnetized, high-$β$ collisionless plasmas. This is accomplished through a combination of analytical theory and numerical fluid simulations of the Chew-Goldberger-Low (CGL) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations closed by Landau-fluid heat fluxes. An asymptotic ordering is employed to simplify the CGL-MHD equations and derive solutions for the deformation of an Alfvén wave that results from its interaction with the pressure anisotropy generated either by an ion-acoustic wave or another, larger-amplitude Alfvén wave. The difference in timescales of acoustic and Alfvénic fluctuations at high-$β$ means that interactions that are local in wavenumber space yield little modification to either mode within the time it takes the acoustic wave to Landau damp away. Instead, order-unity changes in the amplitude of Alfvénic fluctuations can result after interacting with frequency-matched acoustic waves. Additionally, we show that the propagation speed of an Alfvén-wave packet in an otherwise homogeneous background is a function of its self-generated pressure anisotropy. This allows for the eventual interaction of separate co-propagating Alfvén-wave packets of differing amplitudes. The results of the CGL-MHD simulations agree well with these predictions, suggesting that theoretical models relying on the interaction of these modes should be reconsidered in certain astrophysical environments. Applications of these results to weak Alfvénic turbulence and to the interaction between the compressive and Alfvénic cascades in strong, collisionless turbulence are also discussed.
Spectrum of perforation peritonitis in Kashmir: a prospective study at our tertiary care centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Objective of this study was to study the spectrum of perforation peritonitis in Kashmir. Like all over world, perforation peritonitis is the most prevalent surgical emergency tackled & treated by a surgical team in Kashmir. The etiology leading to peritonitis in tropical countries shows a different spectrum from its western world. This study was conducted at Govt. Medical College & Associated hospitals, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir in department of general surgery with aim to highlight the spectrum of perforation peritonitis treated and to improve its outcome thereafter.Methods:A prospective designed study including 356 patients admitted and diagnosed as perforation peritonitis were studied in terms of clinical presentations, etiology, site of perforation, surgical treatment, post-operative complications and mortality, at GMC Srinagar over a period of two years from Feb 2011 to Jan 2013. All patients were resuscitated, underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and on laparotomy cause of perforation peritonitis was found and controlled.Results:The most common cause of perforation in our series was perforated duodenal ulcer (189 cases) followed by perforated appendix (53 cases), ileal perforation (53 cases), gastric perforation (25 cases) and the rest being perforations of large gut, Meckel’s diverticulum, jejunal perforation, GB perforation. Traumatic gut perforations generally following blunt trauma seem to be on rise. The mortality rate in our series was 10.2% with a morbidity rate of nearly 28%, wound infection being the commonest.Conclusions:The etiology of perforation peritonitis in Kashmir continuously differs in spectrum from western country. Largest part of perforations were noticed in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract contrary to the western countries where the perforations are mostly encountered in the distal part. The commonest cause of perforation peritonitis in our setup is perforated duodenal ulcer, followed by perforated appendix, ileal perforations. Majority of the large bowel perforations are secondary to obstruction with transmural necrosis. Perforations secondary to malignancy are not common in our part.
Selective Inhibition of Type II Dehydroquinases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelective Inhibition of Type II DehydroquinasesMartyn Frederickson, Emily J. Parker, Alastair R. Hawkins, John R. Coggins, and Chris AbellView Author Information University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, England, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8, 2612–2613Publication Date (Web):March 26, 1999Publication History Received4 January 1999Published online26 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990004qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990004qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Bacteria,Enolates,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most blood vessels are surrounded by adipose tissue. Similarly to the adventitia, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was considered only as a passive structural support for the vasculature, and it was routinely removed for isolated blood vessel studies. In 1991, Soltis and Cassis demonstrated for the first time that PVAT reduced contractions to noradrenaline in rat aorta. Since then, an important number of adipocyte-derived factors with physiological and pathophysiological paracrine vasoactive effects have been identified. PVAT undergoes structural and functional changes in obesity. During early diet-induced obesity, an adaptative overproduction of vasodilator factors occurs in PVAT, probably aimed at protecting vascular function. However, in established obesity, PVAT loses its anticontractile properties by an increase of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory factors, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The aim of this review is to focus on PVAT dysfunction mechanisms in obesity.
Love me for the Sake of the World: “Goddess Songs” in Tantric Buddhist Maṇḍala Rituals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The presence of Apabhraṃśa in tantric Buddhist texts has long been noted by scholars, overwhelmingly explained away as an example of “Twilight language” (saṃdhā-bhāṣā). However, when one looks closer at the vast number of Apabhraṃśa verses in this canon, one finds recurring patterns, themes, and even tropes. This begs for deeper study, as well as establishing a taxonomy of these verses based on their place and use. This paper focuses on a specific subset of Apabhraṃśa verses: “goddess songs” in maṇḍala visualization rituals. These verses are sung by yoginīs at specific moments in esoteric Buddhist ritual syntax; while the sādhaka is absorbed in enstatic emptiness, four yoginīs call out to him with sexually charged appeals, begging him to return to the world and honor their commitments to all sentient beings. When juxtaposed with other Apabhraṃśa verses in tantric Buddhist texts, these songs express an immediacy and intimacy that stands out in both form and content from the surrounding text. This essay argues that Apabhraṃśa is a conscious stylistic choice for signaling intimate and esoteric passages in tantric literature, and so the vast number of Apabhraṃśa verses in this corpus should be reexamined in this light.