jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Larval Morphology of the Shrimp Genus Birulia (Decapoda, Thoridae) from the Eastern Part of the Sea of Okhotsk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zoeal stages II and III of two species of the genus Birulia, B. sachalinensis and B. kishinouyei, are described from the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. The morphological features of Birulia larvae are compared to those of other species of the family Thoridae. The larval development of Birulia appears to be close to that of two species of the genus Spirontocaris, differing in the morphology of the carapace, pleon, and some appendages. The main distinguishing features of the larvae of Birulia are as follows: the supraorbital spines, the pterygostomial spine, and the spine on the scaphocerite in zoea III are absent; the basial endite and coxal endite of the maxillula are armed with a larger number of setae; and heterochrony occurs in appendages development. The larvae of this genus hatch and develop in the inner shelf area in May to July.
Exploring the Relationship between Residential CO2 Emissions, Urbanization, Economic Growth, and Residential Energy Consumption: Evidence from the North Africa Region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapid urbanization, coupled with income growth, will inevitably cause the residential energy consumption in the North Africa region to continue to increase, with adverse effects on the climate, human health, and the economy. In these regards, this paper explores the relationship between residential carbon dioxide emissions (RCO2), urbanization, economic growth, and residential energy use in four North African countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Egypt) over the period 1990–2016. To do this, we used the bounds cointegration and the Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test. The existence of cointegration relationships was confirmed for the four countries. In the long run, the environment Kuznets curve relationship between increased income per capita and RCO2 emissions was verified for only Morocco and Tunisia. The causality analysis also reveals a combination of neutral, unidirectional, and bidirectional relationships for all countries. The RCO2 emissions have not proved to be a limiting factor in any country’s economic growth. The findings of this study certainly contribute to advancing the existing literature by emphasizing the income–pollution nexus in African countries. Policy makers and government regulators should implement the necessary policies that accelerate the development of renewable technologies to drive sustainable cooling and heating as well as water management.
New Threats to Intellectual Freedom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the growing threats to intellectual freedom through the loss of the information commons in the U.S. as a direct result of advances and changes in technology and laws. In particular, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the Sonny Bono Copyright Extension Act are considered, as is the 2003 Federal Communications Commission ruling on media consolidation. When these laws are combined with current technological developments, intellectual freedom faces serious threats. As a foundation in a democratic society, consumers should take heed of this growing erosion of rights and access to information.
Interactions of a Bacterial Cu(I)-ATPase with a Complex Lipid Environment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phospholipids and sterols play multiple roles in cells. In addition to establishing barriers between compartments, they also provide the matrix for assembly and function of a large variety of catalytic processes. Lipid composition is a highly regulated feature of biological membranes, yet its implications for membrane proteins are difficult problems to approach. One obstacle is the inherent complexity of observing and describing these interactions and their dynamics at a molecular and atomic level. However, lipid interactions are pivotal for membrane protein function and should be acknowledged. The enzymatic activity of several different P-type ATPases, one of the major families of ion pumping primary active transporters, has previously been shown to exhibit a strong dependence on phospholipids; however, distinguishing the effects of annular and specific lipid interactions is challenging. Here we show that the hydrolytic activity of a bacterial Cu(I)-transporting P-type ATPase (LpCopA) is stimulated by the bacterial, anionic phospholipid cardiolipin and to some extent by phosphatidylglycerol. Furthermore, multiscale molecular dynamics simulations pinpoint lipid hot spots on the membrane-spanning domain of LpCopA. Thus, using two independent methods, our study shows converging evidence that the lipid membrane composition plays an important role for LpCopA.
Rapid Progression of Pulmonary Blastomycosis in an Untreated Patient of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with a state of immunosuppression characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia as well as B and T lymphocyte dysfunction. Though opportunistic infections are common in CLL patients, particularly after treatment, reports of infections by endemic dimorphic fungi are very few. Here we report a case of pulmonary blastomycosis in a CLL patient who initially presented with an indolent pulmonary mass lesion. The pulmonary lesions progressed rapidly over a two-week period. The diagnosis was established by transbronchial lung biopsy. He was treated with Amphotericin B lipid complex followed by oral itraconazole and recovered uneventfully. This case illustrates the importance of a timely diagnosis and treatment. The presentation of blastomycosis in immunocompromised patients, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed.
What Works Best, a Cemented or Cementless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been associated with high survival rates, but debate remains concerning the best fixation mode of THA. Questions/purposes We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 250 patients with a mean age of 64 years between October 1987 and January 1992 to compare the results of cementless and cemented fixation. Patients and Methods Patients were evaluated for revision of either of the components. One hundred twentyseven patients had died (51%) and 12 (4.8%) were lost to followup. The minimum 17-year followup data (mean, 20 years; range, 17‐21 years) for 52 patients of the cementless group and 41 patients of the cemented group were available for evaluation. Results Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis at 20 years revealed lower survival rates of cemented compared with cementless THA. The cementless tapered stem was associated with a survivorship of 99%. Age younger than 65 years and male gender were predictors of revision surgery. Conclusions The efficacy of future RCTs can be enhanced by randomizing patients in specific patient cohorts stratified to age and gender in multicenter RCTs. Including only younger patients might improve the efficacy of a future RCT with smaller sample sizes being required. A minimum 10-year followup should be anticipated, but this can be expected to be longer if the difference in level of quality between the compared implants is smaller. Level of Evidence Level I, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Verbs of visual perception in Italian FrameNet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we present a frame semantic analysis of a small group of Italian verbs expressing visual perception, which constitutes the first stage of a project for developing an Italian FrameNet. Our results show a close correspondence between English and Italian perception-related frames. The main element of novelty in our approach is that the creation and annotation of Lexical Units is grounded in distributional information automatically acquired from a large, dependency-parsed corpus, which is balanced against the annotator’s linguistic intuition. We claim that this can help to overcome some of the shortcomings of the classical lexicographic method used to create FrameNet.
INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES COMBINING CLOSED AIR-COOLING WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A premiere free-access and peer-reviewed frontier journal site, serving the needs of the thermal-fluids community. See the latest research or submit an article. Quickly share your research with the global thermal-fluids community, for increased citations and impact at no cost.
Kinetic study on drying of mushrooms combining heat pipe and jet technology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this test,the new heat pipe and jet impingement energy-saving drying technology were applied together to explore the influence of jet temperature,air rate,and the height of nozzles on the drying characteristics of mushrooms.A drying kinetics model was established and the experimental data were fitted by the software DPS.The results showed that the drying process of mushrooms with this combined technology may include three stages,namely,the accelerating stage,the constant stage and the decelerating stage.The drying rate was remarkably accelerated by the increase of the temperature and the rate of drying media,but it was less influenced by the height of nozzles.The kinetic model of the mushroom drying with this combined technology fitted the Logarithmic model.
The Influence of Ovarian Hormones on Fear Processing in Women

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The sexual dimorphism in structure and function of the brain causes gender differences in fear emotion processing.Fear emotion processing is affected by estrogen and progesterone in women.Recently,the research combination of the human brain mapping technology,genetic and animal molecular biology methods found that the neural mechanism of fear emotion processing under the influence of ovarian hormone in women.Particularly,increasing level of estrogen leads to intense amygdala activity then enhanced the fear face recognition accuracy in women,while the effect of the progesterone level is opposite.They are related to the demands for social interaction and self-protective mechanism in the different phases of the women's menstrual cycle.
TOWARDS BIOMARKER DISCOVERY IN CONGENITAL URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteome analysis techonologies are commonly employed for discovery-based biomarker identification studies. This thesis aims to help bridge the gap between analytical technology development and clinical application by improving and appling a proteomics workflow for biomarker discovery in congenital urinary tract obstruction (UTO). By accentuating the importance of experimental design, and evaluating the biological relevance of quantitative proteome analyses, the results of this research provide confidence in a number of identified candidate biomarkers of UTO.\nA sensitive method for quantification of proteome samples was developed using temperature controlled reversed-phase liquid chromatography (TPLC). The TPLC system provides high recovery (> 90 %), as well as high accuracy and precision in estimating the concentration across a number of protein sample types (CV < 10 %). \nThe need for extensive fractionation strategies coupled with LC-MS analysis challenges the throughput of the overall experiment. Development of a dual column LC-MS interface reduced the total analysis time by a factor of 2 over conventional single column LC-MS systems. The system was applied to a quantitative proteome analysis of proximal tubule cells exposed to mechanical stretch, mimicking the conditions they experience during UTO and a urinary exosomal proteome analysis for candidate biomarker identification of this disease. \nA total of 1636 proteins were identified in the whole cell proteome analysis, of which 317 were found to be significantly altered in abundance. Analysis of the urinary exosomal proteome yielded 318 proteins, of which 189 were found to be altered in abundance due to obstruction. Western blot confirmation of a few select proteins provided backing to the quantitative proteome analysis, while gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis yielded functional information. \nThe results from the quantitative analyses of the urinary exosomes and proximal tubule cells identified candidates for both diagnosis and prognosis of UTO. In addition, activation of a novel pathway was identified, presenting a potential drug target which could be exploited to improve recovery of children following relief of UTO. This thesis therefore contributes useful technological and methodological advancements towards routine proteome analysis, as well as providing candidate biomarker identification for the leading cause of renal functional loss in children.
Methotrexate for topical application in an extemporaneous preparation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Background The antifolate agent methotrexate is routinely used for systemic therapy of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Successful topical use has been described for individual therapeutic attempts, in case series, and small studies, especially for mycosis fungoides (premycotic stage) and lymphomatoid papulosis. With respect to its clinical use in selected treatment scenarios, there have been no approved preparations or regulated instructions for pharmaceutical compounding. Material and methods Two high performance liquid chromatography methods were established for the determination of the active substance within a galenic formulation as well as within extracts of biological material. Suitable vehicles for epicutaneous application were developed and preclinically tested for stability, release, and pharmacokinetics of the active substance as well as their safety. Results The tests show that methotrexate may be readily incorporated into “Basiscreme DAC”. It remains stable up to a concentration of 0.5 %. This preparation releases enough active substance to achieve relevant local bioavailability in the respective target compartments of the skin. There is no evidence of safety risks due to relevant systemic bioavailability after topical application on a limited area of the skin. Conclusions In summary, this approved prescription for extemporaneous preparation complies with the requirements of the German Ordinance on the Operation of Pharmacies (Article 7 ApBetrO), and the available data proves its stability and pharmaceutical quality.
Recycling of cadmium and selenium from photovoltaic modules and manufacturing wastes. A workshop report

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the development of the first silicon based photovoltaic cell in the 1950`s, large advances have been made in photovoltaic material and processing options. At present there is growing interest in the commercial potential of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium diselenide (CIS) photovoltaic modules. As the commercial potential of these technologies becomes more apparent, interest in the environmental, health and safety issues associated with their production, use and disposal has also increased because of the continuing regulatory focus on cadmium and selenium. In future, recycling of spent or broken CdTe and CIS modules and manufacturing wastes may be needed for environmental, economic or political reasons. To assist industry to identify recycling options early in the commercialization process, a Workshop was convened. At this Workshop, representatives from the photovoltaic, electric utility, and nonferrous metals industries met to explore technical and institutional options for the recycling of spent CdTe and CIS modules and manufacturing wastes. This report summarizes the results of the Workshop. This report includes: (1) A discussion of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations and their potential implications to the photovoltaic industry; (2) an assessment of the needs of the photovoltaic industry from the perspective of module manufacturers and consumers; (3) an overview of recycling technologies now employed by other industries for similar types of materials; and, (4) a list of recommendation.
Semi-Supervised Exaggeration Detection of Health Science Press Releases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Public trust in science depends on honest and factual communication of scientific papers. However, recent studies have demonstrated a tendency of news media to misrepresent scientific papers by exaggerating their findings. Given this, we present a formalization of and study into the problem of exaggeration detection in science communication. While there are an abundance of scientific papers and popular media articles written about them, very rarely do the articles include a direct link to the original paper, making data collection challenging, and necessitating the need for few-shot learning. We address this by curating a set of labeled press release/abstract pairs from existing expert annotated studies on exaggeration in press releases of scientific papers suitable for benchmarking the performance of machine learning models on the task. Using limited data from this and previous studies on exaggeration detection in science, we introduce MT-PET, a multi-task version of Pattern Exploiting Training (PET), which leverages knowledge from complementary cloze-style QA tasks to improve few-shot learning. We demonstrate that MT-PET outperforms PET and supervised learning both when data is limited, as well as when there is an abundance of data for the main task.
A remark on the fundamental group of a compact negatively curved manifold

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this short note we survey some results about the fundamental group of a compact negatively curved manifold. In particular, we review a theorem of Gusevskij, it states that the fundamental group of a compact negatively curved manifold does not belong to $\mathcal{C},$ where $\mathcal{C}$ is the smallest class of groups that contains all amenable groups and is closed under free products and finite extensions.
Development of A Quantitative Assay for Rabies Virus Antigen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To develop a quantitative assay for rabies virus antigen,which can be used for monitoring of virus con-tent during vaccine production.Methods Polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing guinea pigs with rabies virus strain aG,then purified and labeled with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)to develop a double antibody sandwich ELISA.A dose-response curve was plotted by using national reference for rabies vaccine as a quantitative standard.The sensitivity,precision,specificity and feasi-bility of the developed ELISA were evaluated.Results The prepared polyclonal antibody reached a maximum titer of 1 ∶ 105,and an antiserum protein content of 6.45 mg / ml after purification.The developed ELISA showed good precision and specificity,and its minimum detection limit,optimal quantitative range and correlation coefficient were 5.3 mIU / ml,10 ～ 110 mIU / ml and 0.998 3 respectively.The virus antigen content in rabies vaccine determined by the developed ELISA showed a certain correlation to the vac-cine potency determined by NIH method.The determination results of rabies vaccine prepared with various strains and cell lines by the developed ELISA were 2.4 ～ 9.9 IU / ml.Conclusion A quantitative assay for rabies virus antigen is developed,which may be used for the rapid quantitative determination of rabies vaccine prepared with various strains and cell lines and provides a simple monitoring method for quality control during vaccine production.
Protein Extractability and Thermally Induced Gelation Properties of African Locust Bean Proteins (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

African locust bean (AfLB) protein isolates could be an interesting alternative to the use of soy as an ingredient for the development of new protein-rich products. From AfLB seed flour, the protein extractability yields by aqueous extraction were determined as a function of pH and ionic strength. Then thermally induced gelation of various protein suspensions relating to protein concentration was studied. The most critical factors affecting extractability were the pH and the presence of fat. As a function of the extraction process, the extraction yield of protein from AfLB flour ranged from 30 to 65%. Two major fractions of proteins detected in AfLB seeds were albumins and globulins, comprising four families: legume-like protein, vicilin-like proteins, convicilin, and albumins. The globulin isolate had the lowest solubility at pH 3.5-4 and the highest at pH 8-10. The solubility of albumin isolate was lightly affected by pH and ionic strength. At pH 7, the minimum protein concentration for thermal gel formation ranged from 55 to 120 g/L as function purified state of proteins. The less purified extract with a simpler process made it possible to obtain a gel needing a lower protein concentration. This last way seems promising to the development of new foods based on African locust bean flour.
On strict isometric and strict symmetric commuting $d$-tuples of Banach space operators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given commuting $d$-tuples $\mathbb{S}_i$ and $\mathbb{T}_i$, $1\leq i\leq 2$, Banach space operators such that the tensor products pair $(\mathbb{S}_1\otimes\mathbb{S}_2,\mathbb{T}_1\otimes\mathbb{T}_2)$ is strict $m$-isometric (resp., $\mathbb{S}_1$, $\mathbb{S}_2$ are invertible and $(\mathbb{S}_1 \otimes \mathbb{S}_2, \mathbb{T}_1 \otimes\mathbb{T}_2)$ is strict $m$-symmetric), there exist integers $m_i >0$, and a non-zero scalar $c$, such that $m=m_1+m_2-1$, $(\mathbb{S}_1, {\frac{1}{c}}\mathbb{T}_1)$ is strict $m_1$-isometric and $(\mathbb{S}_2, c\mathbb{T}_2)$ is strict $m_2$-isometric (resp., there exist integers $m_i >0$, and a non-zero scalar $c$, such that $m=m_1+m_2-1$, $(\mathbb{S}_1,{\frac{1}{c}}\mathbb{T}_1)$ is strict $m_1$-symmetric and $(\mathbb{S}_2, c\mathbb{T}_2)$ is strict $m_2$-symmetric. However, $(\mathbb{S}_i,\mathbb{T}_i)$ is strict $m_i$-isometric (resp., strict $m_i$-symmetric) for $1\leq i\leq 2$ implies only that $(\mathbb{S}_1\otimes \mathbb{S}_2, \mathbb{T}_1\otimes \mathbb{T}_2)$ is $m$-isometric (resp., $(\mathbb{S}_1 \otimes \mathbb{S}_2, \mathbb{T}_1\otimes\mathbb{T}_2)$ is $m$-symmetric).