jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stability and reactivity analysis of single metal and bimetallic nanostructures by anodic stripping voltammetry.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation has two main themes. The first involves studies aimed at developing anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) as an analytical tool to characterize metal nanoparticles (NPs), with a focus on the size and aggregate structure of single metal NPs and the composition and atomic arrangement of bimetallic NPs. The second main theme involves studies that use ASV and electrochemical surface area-to-volume (SA/V) measurements to study the unique reactivity and transformations of single metal and bimetallic NPs. The transformations involve size and composition changes in response to ozone and electrochemical potential. Reactions involve size dependent galvanic exchange and electrocatalytic activity. The size of 1.6 nm diameter tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC)-stabilized and 0.9 nm diameter triphenylphosphine monosulfonate (TPPS)-stabilized Au NPs were characterized by ASV, which show Ep (oxidation peak potential) values of 0.45 and 0.20 V, respectively, vs. Ag/AgCl. The Ep values followed the trend of decreasing values as the size of the Au NPs decrease and fit well with theory and the size determined by electron microscopy. 15 nm diameter Au NPs aggregated by addition of THPC displayed an Ep value of 0.77 V, which is the same Ep as that of isolated, non-aggregated 15 nm diameter Au NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements and SA/V measurements showed that the aggregates were highly linear and the NPs were not well connected with THPC, which led to no change in SA/V between aggregated and non-aggregated Au NPs. The pH-induced Au NP aggregates, in contrast, were fused together, 3D in nature, and had lower SA/V. This explains the larger Ep values for oxidation (~0.95 V). ASV also provides the composition of Cu and Au in bimetallic Cu1AuX (x = 0.1-1) NPs in one scan in KCl electrolyte. The ASV shows a different peak signature for different arrangements of Cu and Au in the NP, including Cu/Au core/shell, Au/Cu core/shell, and CuAu mixed alloy arrangements. The second aim of this work involves the use of ASV and SA/V measurements to monitor the size-dependent reactivity of Au NPs and reactivity of bimetallic AuCu NPs. 1.6 nm THPC-stabilized and 0.9 nm diameter TPPS-stabilized Au NPs increased in size to 4-10 nm diameter following 1-2 min of ozone treatment or one electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycle based on a positive shift in their Ep in ASV. 4 nm diameter Au NPs and larger are stable during these same treatments. 1.6 nm diameter Au NPs exchange with Ag+ ions by galvanic exchange, whereas 4 nm diameter Au NPs and larger show no exchange with Ag+ ions. Finally, 1.6 nm diameter Au NPs show higher activity than 0.9 or 4 nm diameter Au NPs for CO2 reduction or the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The activity is related to the number of corner and edge sites available for the different sized NPs.
Quality Improvement of Primary Care Provider Communication on Hospital Discharge

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Effective communication between inpatient and primary care providers (PCPs) is important for safe transition of care for hospitalized patients. In 2017, communication with PCPs was prioritized for the pediatric hospital medicine division. Our primary aim was to improve documented attempted communication with PCPs within 72 hours of discharge from 41% to at least 60% by January 1, 2018, and maintain this performance through 2019. METHODS This study included all inpatient encounters discharged by a pediatric hospital medicine provider from March 2017 to April 2020. An electronic health record phrase debuted March 2017. Successful documentation was defined as any attempt to contact the PCP, regardless of whether actual communication occurred. Group and individual audit and feedback occurred in July 2017 to April 2020. Provider communication was financially incentivized in July 2018 to June 2019. An annotated P-chart for the proportion of encounters with documented PCP communication occurring within 72 hours was established. Special-cause variation was determined by using Shewhart rules. RESULTS The mean proportion of encounters with documented PCP communication increased from 41% at baseline (March 2017 through July 2017) to 60% in August 2017 and 66% in December 2017. After the financial incentive was removed in July 2019, documentation decreased to 54%. Phone calls with clinic staff were the most common communication method (40% to 71%). Direct conversations with the PCP occurred rarely (0% to 3%). CONCLUSIONS Even when coupled with audit and feedback with EHR interventions, our work suggests that shifting to external financial motivation may hinder sustainability of behavior change to improve attempted documented PCP communication.
THE REDUCTION OF CYTHOCHROME C BY FREE RADICALS PRODUCED BY GAMMA RAYS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In previous papers it had been shown that when oxygen-free aqueous solutions (10/sup -5/ M) of suitable acceptors such as methylene blue, coenzyme I, or cytochrome-C are irradiated in the presence of a large excess (1 M) of organic compounds complete reduction of the substrate can be obtained in high yield. Results are reported from an investigation of the quantitative aspects of the reduction of cytochrome-c in the presence of suitable organic substances, malate, lactate, betahydroxybutyrate, ethanol, succinate, glutamate, and alpha- glycerophosphate, as well as in the presence of molecular hydrogen. It was possible to show that the free radicals derived from organic compounds act as reducing agents on the cytochrome-c, and that the Gvalues of reduction obtained, the extent of the denaturation of cytochrome-c and the formation of new products from cytochrome-c depend on the nature of the organic substance added. Differences can be correlated with the structure of the organic molecule and the free radical derived from it in a specific manner. (auth)
Abstract LB-B11: Myeloid p38 MAPK promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing cytotoxic T cell recruitment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The last decade has seen explosive progress in understanding how tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) contribute to the development, metastasis, and therapy resistance of cancer. TAM and their molecular components are investigated as targets for cancer therapy. However, the precise mechanisms for their function remain to be fully elucidated. The p38 MAP kinase is known to play a pivotal role in cellular responses to stress, mitogenic stimuli, and immune signaling. Evidence from clinical observations and cell culture experiments reveals a role for p38 in many aspects of cancer and immunity. However, little is known about the functions of p38alpha, the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed p38 isoform, in TAM. Here we found that myeloid-specific p38alpha ablation resulted in a decrease in tumor incidence and multiplicity in a DMBA-TPA carcinogenesis model. Tumors from these mutant mice displayed markedly reduced proliferation and poorly developed blood vessels compared to those from control WT mice. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that p38alpha ablation in macrophages resulted in enhanced CXCL9 expression, a chemokine crucial for cytotoxic T cell recruitment. Indeed, we observed greater number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in myeloid-specific p38alpha-knockout mice. p38alpha indel mutations in THP-1 cells also led to elevated CXCL9 induction. TCGA data analysis revealed that higher intratumoral expression of CXCL9 was associated with prolonged survival of cancer patients, suggesting a beneficial effect of CXCL9 in human cancers. Next, we sought to identify the molecular mechanism linking p38alpha to the regulation of CXCL9 expression, and found that p38alpha directly phosphorylates and enables the induction of ATF3, a transcription factor that represses CXCL9 expression. Consistent with this finding, ATF3-deficient macrophages exhibited higher CXCL9 expression similar to p38alpha-deficient macrophages. Therefore, macrophage-specific targeting of p38alpha signaling may promote cytotoxic T cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and maximize the potential of checkpoint inhibitor and CAR T cell therapies and other therapeutic modalities that rely on tumor-killing CD8+ T cells. Citation Format: Min-Kyung Choo, Jin Mo Park. Myeloid p38 MAPK promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing cytotoxic T cell recruitment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-B11. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-LB-B11
A Methodology for Generating Verified Combinatorial Circuits ∗ Oleg Kiselyov

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High-level programming languages offer significant expressivity but provide little or no guarantees about resource use. Resourcebounded languages — such as hardware-description languages — provide strong guarantees about the runtime behavior of computations but often lack mechanisms that allow programmers to write more structured, modular, and reusable programs. To overcome this basic tension in language design, recent work advocated the use of Resource-aware Programming (RAP) languages, which take into account the natural distinction between the development platform and the deployment platform for resource-constrained software. This paper investigates the use of RAP languages for the generation of combinatorial circuits. The key challenge that we encounter is that the RAP approach does not safely admit a mechanism to express a posteriori (post-generation) optimizations. The paper proposes and studies the use of abstract interpretation to overcome this problem. The approach is illustrated using an in-depth analysis of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The generated computations are comparable to those generated by FFTW.
The Use of Zebrafish and in Vivo PAL as a Novel Discovery Platform for Psychoactive Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our research is utilizing the zebrafish model to study molecular processes and animal models of human diseases. These studies discussed here start to assess how different bath salts and methamphetaminecause death upon overdose by addressing the molecules that may bind to the illicit drugs. We have accomplished this by developing an in vivo photo-affinity labelling (PAL) system and studying the drugs in our system. The zebrafish has been lauded as a unique and powerful tool to examine development in a vertebrate animal and address molecular aspects of human disease for decades. We will examine recent published data from our laboratory utilizing the PAL system we developed.
Finding morality in the postmodern : a science fiction approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper posits that by tracking the points of integration and deintegration of the technological Other and analysing the similarities and/or differences in how humanity interacts with the technological Other across the different texts, SF works can be seen as a means to understand morality in this postmodern era. This paper will attempt to achieve that by using Philip K. Dick’s “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep”, Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Never Let Me Go” and Spike Jonze’s “Her” as the core texts to this support this particular analysis.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach Presenting as Multilobular with Diffuse Calcifications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and usually appear as a well-circumscribed mass. However, it may be difficult to confirm the extent of the disease for some GISTs. A 70-year-old asymptomatic female presented for a regular physical exam. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a 2.0 cm protruding mass on the gastric fundus. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed an ill-defined heterogenous hypoechoic lesion (3.0×1.5 cm). A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a 4.5 cm multifocal calcified mass at the gastric body as well as at the gastric fundus. Laparoscopic gastric wedge resection was performed according to the extent of multifocal calcifications that are shown on the CT. Intraoperative specimen mammography and intraoperative biopsy might be helpful to obtain a tumor-free margin. Final pathologic diagnosis was an intermediate risk GIST in multilobular form. In patients with diffuse multifocal calcifications in the stomach, the possibility of GIST should be considered.
Evaluation of the environmental and economic scope of an electrocoagulation process for the treatment of wastewater from the instant coffee industry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, an industrial wastewater from instant coffee production was treated by electrocoagulation (EC). The effect of various EC operating parameters, such as electrode type, current density, support electrolyte concentration and stirring velocity, were investigated to determine the optimal operating EC conditions. The scope of electrocoagulation (EC) was assessed, in environmental and economic terms, for the treatment of industrial wastewater originated from the production of instant coffee. The evaluation included the effect of EC operating factors (electrode type, current density, supporting electrolyte concentration and stirring velocity) on Color removal, COD and TOC degradation, toxicity, molecular weight distribution, as well as the total operating cost. The following optimal operating conditions were established through a series of preliminary experiments, a Box-Behnken design of experiments, Response Surface Methodology application, and multi-objective optimization analysis: the pair of Fe (anode)-stainless steel (cathode) electrodes, supporting electrolyte = 1.78 g of NaCl/L; current density = 150 A/m 2 ; electrode gap = 3 mm; stirring velocity = 350 RPM; and pH 0 = 4.7 (that of raw industrial effluent). Finally, the kinetic study allowed defining the electrolysis operation time of ca. 180 min required to comply with the maximum permissible discharge limits for the production of instant coffee the discharge of soluble coffee effluents, in terms of COD concentration, established by current Colombian legislation. The EC reached ca. 97% decolorization, as well as 72% and 65% of COD and TOC removal degradation, respectively, with total operating costs of 6.26 USD/m 3 . This yielded an oxidized (COS = 2.87), biocompatible (BOD 5 /COD = 0.437) and non-toxic effluent, free of contaminants with molecular weight > 30 kDa. The EC appeared as an effective alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater from the production of instant coffee within the framework of different Sustainable Development Goals (number 6 (Clean water and sanitation), number 7 (Clean and affordable energy), number 9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure) and 13 (Climate action)).
Occurrence and faecal shedding of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in sows and their offspring

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to monitor the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli on farm A with the history of previous use of ceftiofur in suckling pigletsand to analyse the risk factors of selection and dissemination of ESBL producers in the production herd. In the year of 2014, a total of 411 samples (rectal swabs or faeces)from pigs of various age categories (sows, gilts and suckling piglets) were collected. The sampling was performed more than 24 months after the ban of ceftiofur on the farm.The sows and gilts were sampled repeatedly before and after farrowing. All collected samples were directly cultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg/l) and obtained sub-cultures were tested for ESBL production by double disc synergy test. According to our results, all gilts were negative for ESBL-producing E. coli in the introduction period, however, the excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed before and after delivery. Most of the new-born piglets from positive sows and gilts shed ESBL-producing E. coli early after birth. All tested ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, suggesting that antibiotics from other groups used for therapy co-select for ESBL producers in pigs on the studied farm. Intestinal colonization of lactating sows and their offspring as well as survival of ESBL-producing E. coli in the farm environment should be recognised as important risk factors of circulation and long-time persistence of ESBL producers in the herd.
Crop yield trends in relation to temperature indices and a growth model

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 42:119-131 (2010) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00867 Crop yield trends in relation to temperature indices and a growth model Henrik Eckersten*, Alois Kornher, Göran Bergkvist, Johannes Forkman, Erik Sindhøj, Bengt Torssell, Per Nyman Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 75007 Uppsala, Sweden *Email: henrik.eckersten@vpe.slu.se ABSTRACT: Annual variability and trends in winter wheat yields were evaluated for relationships to climate in 6 long-term experiments (in total 1915–2005) and regionally in 3 counties (1965–2008) in southern and central Sweden. The annual yield was predicted as function of a climate index and year. Alternative indices were used based on either monthly temperatures or yield predicted by a simple weather-driven crop growth simulation model. The main results were as follows. (1) The yield predictions were better for regions than for the long-term experiments. (2) The time variable accounted for more of the yield trend in regions than in the experiments, and more in southern than in central Sweden. (3) The models based on a simple temperature index were often better yield predictors than the growth model. (4) The relations to winter temperatures became gradually weaker after ca. 1970. (5) The yield relation to simple temperature indices differed between locations, similarly for experimental and regional yields. (6) The strongest influence of climate was estimated by means of the growth model predictions of regional yields in Gotland County. (7) The fraction of regional yield trends (1965–1996; ranging from 57 to 90 kg ha–1 yr–1) that could be attributed to climate was estimated greatest in the Gotland region (27 to 64%). For climate change assessments of winter wheat yield in central Sweden, the growth model considering temperature, radiation and water conditions during spring and summer would also need to include processes of overwintering. KEY WORDS: Winter wheat · Climate · Water · Region · Simulation · Long-term experiment · Regression · Prediction · Sweden Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Eckersten H, Kornher A, Bergkvist G, Forkman J, Sindhøj E, Torssell B, Nyman P (2010) Crop yield trends in relation to temperature indices and a growth model. Clim Res 42:119-131. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00867 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 42, No. 2. Online publication date: July 06, 2010 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2010 Inter-Research.
Framework for Space-Inspired Informal Education Exhibits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since its inception, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been dedicated to education. NASA’s challenge is to design a coherent education program that can capitalize on the Agency’s diverse set of projects, skill, and missions. This paper reviews the NASA education framework and recommends how to improve guidance to principal investigators to achieve NASA’s education goals. This study demonstrates how a new proposed framework is being implemented as part of the Montana’s Big Sky Space Education: The NASA ExplorationSpace at ExplorationWorks informal education project. This work contributes to the informal education literature by demonstrating how a portfolio approach can be used to effectively define informal education efforts. It also demonstrates how education projects can maximize effectiveness by defining goals and evaluation techniques early in the design phase.
Nuclear safeguards in Brazil and Argentina: 25 years of ABACC

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As possessors of advanced nuclear technology, Brazil and Argentina bear special responsibility for helping the international community and neighbors in their region feel confident that their nuclear programs are peaceful, secure, and safe. Over the past 25 years, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) has played an indispensable role in strengthening such confidence by implementing nuclear safeguards in the two countries. Today, ABACC carries out safeguards inspections at a total of 76 nuclear facilities in Brazil and Argentina. This article describes how Brazil and Argentina view trends in the global nonproliferation regime and international nuclear safeguards, and explains how these trends relate to unique challenges and opportunities facing Brazil, Argentina, and ABACC.
DIFFUSE MENINGEAL SARCOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Diffuse Meningeal Sarcoma Get access Antonio Rottino, M.D., Antonio Rottino, M.D. New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Poppiti, M.D. Robert Poppiti, M.D. New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 1943, Pages 190–196, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-194304000-00008 Published: 01 April 1943
Economic Evaluation of Actively Consuming Wind Power for an Integrated Energy System Based on Game Theory

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Facing the growing problem of the curtailed wind during winter heating periods in the north of China, a flexible control method of wind power heating using the integrated energy system to consume the curtailed wind is proposed. Energy storage technology is introduced to coordinate regenerative electric boilers to match the fast fluctuation of wind power. The consuming model of the curtailed wind for the integrated energy system is established under three models through the study of the consumption mechanisms for the curtailed wind. The “wind power-energy storage system” and “wind power-regenerative electric boiler” are regarded as the game’s participants, and the maximum daily benefit of the system is regarded as the objective function, an economic evaluation model of the integrated energy system to consume the curtailed wind based on game theory is established. For comparative analysis, the model is respectively solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the firefly algorithm (FA). The effectiveness of the model is verified by the actual operation data of a wind power heating demonstration project in China. The simulation results show that the most economy benefits of the overall system can be obtained by using energy storage systems to coordinate regenerative electric boilers, which provides a theoretical basis for the consumption of the curtailed wind.