jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiological Differences in Individual and Cooperative Video-Game Play: An Exploratory Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To advance knowledge on the notions of “coordination cost” and “team learning”, this study sought to explore differences in psychophysiological functioning among individuals playing a video-game (1) in a solo condition or as part of a dyadic team; (2) over three consecutive games in a dyadic team. Data from twenty-four dyads were collected for Study 1 and Study 2. The participants were all male with no less than 30 hours of experience in the video-game and 21 years of age on average. In Study 1 the participants played FIFA-17 (Xbox) against the computer in a solo and in a dyad condition. In Study 2 the participants played three consecutive games in a dyad against the computer. Performance measures, subjective psychological self-reports, and objective psychophysiological data were collected for both studies. In Study 1 Heart Rate Variability (p <.01, d = -.57) decreased, whereas power on the central (C4; p = .04, d = .78), parietal and temporal areas of the brain increased in the dyadic condition (Pz; p = .03, d = .44, T6; p = .04, d = .63). Therefore, playing in a team, in contrast to playing alone, was associated with higher cognitive neural load. In Study 2, Number of Fouls (p <.01, d = 2.41) and HRV (p <.01, d = .55) increased over time, whilst a decrease in power was observed in the frontal area of the brain (Fp1 p = .05, d = -.36, Fp2; p = .05, d = -.40). These findings suggest that conflicts occur in the initial stages of team development, and that learning of team (and motor) tasks leads to hypofrontality. Collectively, these findings advance the literature by demonstrating that (1) cognitive-neural and affective processes change in individual and team settings in line with the notion of “coordination cost”; and (2) team dynamics and individuals’ brain patterns change over time due to “team learning” and intra-team conflict.
Epigenome-Wide Scans Identify Differentially Methylated Regions for Age and Age-Related Phenotypes in a Healthy Ageing Population. PLoS Genet 8

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Age-related changes in DNA methylation have been implicated in cellular senescence and longevity, yet the causes and functional consequences of these variants remain unclear. To elucidate the role of age-related epigenetic changes in healthy ageing and potential longevity, we tested for association between whole-blood DNA methylation patterns in 172 female twins aged 32 to 80 with age and age-related phenotypes. Twin-based DNA methylation levels at 26,690 CpG-sites showed evidence for mean genome-wide heritability of 18%, which was supported by the identification of 1,537 CpG-sites with methylation QTLs in cis at FDR 5%. We performed genome-wide analyses to discover differentially methylated regions (DMRs) for sixteen age-related phenotypes (ap-DMRs) and chronological age (a-DMRs). Epigenome-wide association scans (EWAS) identified age-related phenotype DMRs (ap-DMRs) associated with LDL (STAT5A), lung function (WT1), and maternal
Allogeneic HSCT for Hematologic Malignancies in 145 Patients - Identical Biologic Prognostic Factors Affect Outcome Despite Different Conditioning Regimen Intensities.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Analysis of pre-transplant variables affecting the outcome of allogeneic HSCT after 100 mg/m2 melphalan (± 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide depending upon prior autograft) in 91 adult patients with hematologic malignancies identified refractory disease, poor performance status (ECOG 2/3), elevated LDH, and donor age >45 years as significant adverse prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) (Mehta et al. ASH 2006, BMT 2006). GVHD prophylaxis comprised cyclosporine-mycophenolate (HLA-matched siblings) or tacrolimus-mycophenolate (other donors). The patients were treated at NU. The outcome of 54 patients with hematologic malignancies treated at UIC with more intensive conditioning regimens was studied to see if the prognostic factors identified at NU were applicable to them. The conditioning regimens at UIC comprised 12.8 mg/kg IV busulfan + 120–160 mg/m2 fludarabine (n=36) or 140 mg/m2 melphalan + 150 mg/m2 fludarabine (n=18). Tacrolimus and methotrexate were used for GVHD prophylaxis. While the characteristics of the two patient populations were significantly different (especially diagnosis), transplant-related mortality and relapse rates were not significantly different for the two centers. As the table below shows, chemorefractory disease, poor performance status, and elevated LDH were adverse risk factors for OS in both groups of patients. Variable Mel100 (NU) BuFlu/Mel140 (UIC) (OS) RR (95% CI) P RR (95% CI) P *Note the disparity - unfavorable in the NU group and favorable in the UIC group Refractory disease 3.0 (1.7–5.0) 0.0001 4.5 (1.8–11.4) 0.002 Performance status 2/3 3.9 (2.2–6.8) <0.0001 6.0 (2.0–17.8) 0.001 Elevated LDH 2.1 (1.3–3.5) 0.004 4.2 (1.7–10.8) 0.003 Donor age >45 1.9 (1.2–3.2) * 0.009 0.24 (0.06–1.03) * 0.06 However, donor age >45, an adverse risk factor in the NU population, appeared to be a borderline favorable factor in the UIC population. HLA mismatch was found to be an additional significant adverse risk factor in the combined population when it did not reach statistical significance in either group individually. The figures below shows the effect of the number of adverse risk factors (excluding donor age) on DFS and OS in the entire group of 145 patients (P<0.0001 for each). We conclude that biologic disease-related risk factors such as chemorefractoriness and elevated LDH, and patient-related risk factors such as poor performance status appear to be applicable to allograft recipients irrespective of the intensity of the underlying transplant procedure. The reason for the disparate effect of donor age in the two groups of patients is unclear, and needs to be studied further. Figure Figure Figure Figure
[Pathogenicity test for staphylococci by the use of adrenaline (author's transl)].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Pathogenic staphylococci will grow in broth containing 50 mug/ml adrenaline at 37 degrees C, while apathogenic ones tolerate a concentration of 20 mug/ml only. They are completely inhibited at higher adrenaline levels. After 6 hr incubation, pathogenic germs show growth up to 100-250 mug/ml adrenaline, apathogenic ones up to 40 mug/ml.
Provable Consent for Voice User Interfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Speech is our main method of communication that allows us to intuitively communicate complex ideas and provide our messages with deeper meaning than the lexical content of such messages. For example, we can stress specific words to emphasise or subtract significance from different sections of a sentence. Considering this, the increasing popularity of voice user interfaces is only natural and expected to keep growing in the following years, as they allow us to interact with our electronic devices using our speech. Any device with which we can interact using our voice can be considered a voice user interface, and among them we can find a great variety of services, from telecommunication applications like Zoom or Skype, to virtual assistants like Alexa or Siri. However, in order to provide better services and more natural interactions, voice user interfaces require the gathering of a great amount of our speech data and transmitting it usually without us being aware of it. If that data is misused or an unauthorised user manages to obtain it, it would cause a grave violation of the user's privacy.\n\nIn an environment where multiple electronic devices can provide a voice user interface, collaboration between them as a wireless acoustic sensor network can improve the services that they provide individually. It is important then to study those applications that require sending our voice to a remote party in order to provide their services, and more specifically, in a scenario where multiple devices can pick up the voice of multiple users, it is crucial to define which of these devices are actually allowed to record the user's speech. For example, if a user's voice leaks into another user's interaction, and is therefore transmitted to a destination that they have not specifically authorised, the privacy of the users is violated. As a solution, if our devices could perceive our privacy the same way as we do, they could adapt the information they shared to protect the personal data of the users. For that reason, we need to analyse how users perceive privacy in their spoken interactions, based on which we can devise rules that our devicescan follow when they provide a voice user interface.\n\nIn this thesis we study methods to recognise when two devices are located in the same acoustic space based on the audio signals that they record. We show how acoustic fingerprints can be used to securely share the audio information from a device and estimate the physical proximity of devices. We also generated a speech corpus in conversational scenarios to analyse the effect that the acoustic properties of the environment have on the level of privacy that we perceive. Finally, we developed source separation methods to remove the voice of interfering speakers in a multi-device scenario, thus protecting the privacy of external users.
Comparative analysis of geotypic variations in the proteome of Nostoc commune

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is a filamentous terrestrial prokaryotic organism widely distributed, which suggest its high adaptive potential to environmental or abiotic stress. Physiological parameters and proteomic analysis were performed in two accession of N. commune with the aim to elucidate the differences of physiological trails between distant geotypes, namely Antarctic (AN) and central European (CE). The result obtained clearly showed that the AN geotype demonstrates elevated levels of total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins, indicative of its adaptation to environmental stress as referred by comparison to CE sample. Additionally, we employed LC-MS analysis to investigate the proteomes of N. commune from AN and CE geotypes. In total, 1147 proteins were identified, among which 646 proteins expressed significant (up-regulation) changes in both accessions. In the AN geotype, 83 exclusive proteins were identified compared to 25 in the CE geotype. Functional classification of the significant proteins showed a large fraction involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed some defense-related proteins such as, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase, which are rather explicitly expressed in the AN N. commune. The last two proteins suggest a more stressful condition in AN N. commune. In summary, our findings highlight biochemical processes that safeguard the AN geotype of N. commune from extreme environmental challenges, not recorded in CE accession, probably due to less stressful environment in Europe. This study brings the first ever proteomic analysis of N. commune, emphasizing the need for additional investigations into the climate adaptation of this species with rather plastic genome.
Geochemical characteristics of the mid-acidity intrusive rocks in Nanhuashan and Xihuashan in the eastern segment of North Qilian Mountains,China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The mid-acidity intrusive rock in the studied area is mainly composed of granite and granodiorite,in which the mass fraction of SiO2 is 66.23% ~ 77.13%,and it is of the association characteristics and the geochemical characteristics of calc-alkaline rock series.In the intrusive rock,trace elements Pb,Sr,and La are enriched,while the elements Cs,Nb and Ti are lean in different degrees,which show the characteristics of mixed source magma.The total content of rare elements is 100.80~121.03 μg/g,which is lower than the world average value of acidic rocks.REE distribution pattern presents right dip type,δEu is in 0.31 ~ 0.33,and there is negative anomaly of Eu,which is similar to the geochemical characteristics of the island-arc granite from the northern Qinling in the Caledonian stage.In a whole,the mid-acidity intrusive rock is produced by the crystallization differentiation of mixed crust-mantle magmatic,which reflects the dive background of trench-arc-basin system in the northern Qilian area in the end of Middle Ordovician.
Multi-resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii from carrying multi-resistant genes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To understand the resistant genes of Acinetobactrer baumannii with multi-resistance. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by MIC methods, the resistant genes were amplified by PCR method. Results 2 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to imipenem and 1 strain to intermediate; All of the strains were multi-resistance. There were 23 strains carried blaTEM, aacA4 genes, and 22 strains carried ampC genes, 22 strains carried aacC1 and aadA1 genes, 2 strains aphA1 genes, 2 strains blaPER genes, and 3 strains carried blaOXA-23 genes. Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii with multi-resistance genes carring ampC, blaPER, blaOXA-23, aacA4, aacC1 and aadA etc. can cause the multi-resistance of drugs.
The Results of the Intra-Articular Operation for Joint Tuberculosis with Fistulae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eight patients of joint tuberculosis with fistulae were treated by intra-articular operation combined with chemotherapy.After the acute symptoms have subsided by means of the conservative treatments, the surgical operation was indicated. After curetting of the joints, the cavities were packed with homogenous bone chips of ribbs; in some cases the fusion operations were attempted.The chemotherapy by streptomycin and penicillin was started from two days before operation, and continued after operation. The total dosis of streptomycin were 10gr. and that of penicillin million units, from the economical standpoint of the patients.At the time of operation, streptomycin in dosis of 0.3gr. and penicillin 100, 000units were administrated locally.Although the follow-up period was to date only one year, the results obtained were excellent but one relapse, which was operated in acute stage.The duration of treatment may be reduced by means of surgical treatments combined with chemotherapy.
Fault Tolerance Analysis of L1 Adaptive Control System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Trajectory tracking is a critical element for the better functionality of autonomous vehicles. The main objective of this research study was to implement and analyze L1 adaptive control laws for autonomous flight under normal and upset flight conditions. The West Virginia University (WVU) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle flight simulation environment was used for this purpose. A comparison study between the L1 adaptive controller and a baseline conventional controller, which relies on position, proportional, and integral compensation, has been performed for a reduced size jet aircraft, the WVU YF-22. Special attention was given to the performance of the proposed control laws in the presence of abnormal conditions. The abnormal conditions considered are locked actuators (stabilator, aileron, and rudder) and excessive turbulence. Several levels of abnormal condition severity have been considered. The performance of the control laws was assessed over different-shape commanded trajectories. A set of comprehensive evaluation metrics was defined and used to analyze the performance of autonomous flight control laws in terms of control activity and trajectory tracking errors. The developed L1 adaptive control laws are supported by theoretical stability guarantees. The simulation results show that L1 adaptive output feedback controller achieves better trajectory tracking with lower level of control actuation as compared to the baseline linear controller under nominal and abnormal conditions.
Immunologic aspects of preterm labor.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

T he immunology of pregnancy is a complex and perhaps confusing topic. As our understanding of the fundamentals of immunologic mechanisms increases, there is a parallel increase in our knowledge of the complexity of events associated with pregnancy. This can result in the generation of fresh concepts and also revised interpretation of available data. For instance, recognition of the fetus as partly foreign by the maternal immune system and the development of a response was considered inherently dangerous for the pregnancy. Nowadays, such a response is considered not only normal, but also quite essential for the establishment and maintenance of a pregnancy. For an overview of the immunology of pregnancy the reader is directed to the review by Dudley and Wiedmeier in this issue. The role of the immune system in the mechanism(s) of the onset and progression of labor at term is unknown and little relevant information is available. Even less is known of the role of the immune system in the events surrounding preterm labor. The most obvious connection lies in the secretion and action of cytokines. These substances play crucial parts in immunologic responses and are now considered of importance as mediators in reproductive mechanisms, eg, ovulation. The actions of cytokines such as interleukin1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 on arachidonic acid metabolism have led to the idea that they may play a part in the association between intrauterine infections and preterm labor.
The mathematical features of the synthesis of antennas with a flat aperture according to the prescribed amplitude directivity pattern

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The results of investigations of synthesis antennas problems with a flat radiating aperture according to the prescribed amplitude directivity pattern (DP) in the different variational formulations are presented. The non-uniqueness and branching of solutions are characteristic for problems of this class. The methods for finding the branching lines of solutions dependent on the sizes of the aperture and properties of the prescribed amplitude DP are stated; justified algorithms for finding the optimal solutions of synthesis problem are presented. It is shown that finding the optimal phase DP improves significantly the quality of the approximation of synthesized DP to the prescribed in comparison with synthesis in the class of in-phase DP. In particular, it permits to decrease the sizes of antenna aperture at the same efficiency of synthesis in comparison to synthesis in the class in-phase DP nearly per 30%.
Disrupted resting‐state functional connectivity and its changing trend in migraine suffers

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chronic pain has been linked with learning and memory processes and functional changes in brain plasticity in its development and maintenance via neuroimaging studies. However, the principle of reorganization of the migraine brain network as the brain progresses into chronic pain remain poorly understood. Here, using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and graph theory approaches, we aimed to investigate the dynamic dysfunctional connectivity in 108 patients with migraine without aura (MWoA) and 30 gender‐matched healthy controls (HC). All patients were divided into 40 groups using a sliding boxcar grouping of subjects in disease duration order. As compared with HC, nonparametric permutation tests were applied for between‐group comparisons of functional connectivity strength in each patient group. We focused only on the between‐group differences of functional connections in MWoA, and the situation how these different connections were organized along with the changing trend. As the disease duration increased, the presence of chronic headache altered the functional connectivity from the local central nervous system (CNS) to a disruption in the whole‐brain networks. These dysfunctional connections integrated into a connected component in relatively longer migraine duration groups, suggesting an abnormal integrated network configuration with ongoing central changes for long‐term migraine. Within these between‐group differences of the connected component, there were contained a small number of brain regions that had disproportionately numerous connections. Moreover, these brain regions exhibited a tendency to link to each other were organized into a strongly interconnected community. These interconnected brain regions were mainly located in the sensory‐discriminative brain areas. Our results exhibited a working model of the central mechanisms of migraine where the brain functional connectivity was altered from the local central nervous system to a densely interconnected center, which may extend our understanding of the role of learning mechanisms which are likely involved in maintenance of chronic pain. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1892–1907, 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .
A Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clumped cells are generally more dangerous than single cells in cancer spread, thrombocytosis and biofilm infectivity. Here a simple direct kinetic assay is used to examine a specific reagent for anti-clumping activity using a Prefer fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model that has been recently described by us in detail using other reagents. In 1212 trials by 17 investigators sodium sulfate (1-3 mg per ml deionized water) was examined by measuring percentage single cells, number of clumps and number of cells per clump over a 60 min time course, with standard deviations and t-tests to determine any significant differences between controls and experimentals. Sodium sulfate showed sometimes inconsistent unclumping activity especially in magnitude of effects. When percentage of single cells increased, clump number and/or number of cells per clump generally decreased, helping to validate the assay. An example of these findings in 60 trials at 60 min with 1-3 mg sodium sulfate per ml deionized water: 1 mg 15% increased singles (p<0.01), 29% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 11% decreased cells per clump (p>0.05); 2 mg 12% increased singles (p<0.01), 20% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 30% decreased cells per clump (p<0.01); 3 mg 27% increased singles (p<0.01), 36% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 28% decreased cells per clump (p<0.02). Here sodium sulfate showed promise as an anti-cell-clumping reagent together with sodium citrate reported previously in part 1 of this study. Sodium citrate is a known human anticoagulant independently identified with this assay, helping to validate the assay for drug discovery applications.
Education of the role of puppet theatre in the primary school pupils (6-9) year

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The nation is based on the right education with all its educational and educational contents and social and moral aspects in building a human being, so the children's theater, including (puppet theater) contributes effectively to what is important in education, and has a great impact in preparing the personality of the child correctly and consciously, giving them a spirit of awareness and thinking and promoting educational values besides aesthetic taste, so this study seeks to invest (puppet theater) to develop the levels of primary education in Iraq The problem of research was the following question: How can puppet theatre be used to teach primary students? The importance of the research lies in demonstrating the importance of the role of the doll in the education of primary school children, as it continues to benefit workers in educational and educational institutions and cultural institutions to build a knowledge base for the new generation with the intention of educating them through visual, audio, critical and aesthetic taste and moving away from this old traditional method in the first semester.