jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The birth of a child with a congenital anomaly. Part I. Some difficulties experienced by parents in the maternity home.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An investigation study of 90 cases in which a baby had been born with cystic fibrosis, oesophageal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease or an anorectal malformation was undertaken to establish the duration of the prediagnostic phase and the difficulties experienced by parents before discharge from the maternity home. The congenital anomalies requiring immediate surgical intervention were diagnosed very soon after birth. A wider diversity of problems were encountered in the case of those conditions with a longer prediagnostic phase. The problems encountered by parents, viz. lack of communication with staff, fantasies of gross anomalies with fear for the baby's life, and the lack of viewing and mothering of the baby are discussed, and some long-term effects are highlighted.
Automatic Segmentation of Breast and Fibroglandular Tissues in DCE-MR Images Based on nnU-Net

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Segmentation of whole breast and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) is an important task for quantitative analysis of breast cancer risk in dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MR) images. In this study, an automated segmentation model based on nnU-Net is proposed to segment the whole breast and FGT in 3D fat-suppressed breast DCE-MR images, taking the advantages of hierarchical image features learning, as well as the fusion of deep features and shallow features. The model could automatically perform preprocessing, data augmentation and dynamic adaptation of network configurations with respect to different imaging parameters. Experimental results show that the method could accurately and efficiently segment the whole breast and FGT in the collected dataset of 3D fat-suppressed breast DCE-MR images with variable imaging characteristics, achieving the average Dice similarity coefficients 0.969±0.007 and 0.893±0.054, respectively, for breast and FGT segmentation.
Microplastics in lakes and rivers: an issue of emerging significance to limnology

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Microplastics, i.e., plastic particles in the size range of planktonic organisms, have been found in the water columns and sediments of lakes and rivers globally. The number and mass of plastic particles drifting through a river can exceed those of living organisms such as zooplankton and fish larvae. In freshwater sediments, concentrations of microplastics reach the same magnitude as in the world’s most contaminated marine sediments. Such particles are derived from a unique biogeochemical cycle that ultimately influences productivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, microplastics act as vectors of toxic substances to invertebrates, fishes, herpetofauna, and waterfowl. We contend that the concentration of this distinct particle component is an ecologically significant parameter of inland waterbodies because of its ubiquity, environmental persistence, and interactions with key ecological processes. No environmental field survey that has searched for microplastics has yet failed to detect their presence. Standardized limnological protocols are needed to compare spatio-temporal variation in the concentration of microplastics within and across watersheds. Data obtained from such protocols would facilitate environmental monitoring and inform policy for managing plastic waste; furthermore, they would enable more accurate modeling of contaminant cycling and the development of a global plastic budget that identifies sources, distribution and circulation pathways, reservoir size, and retention times.
The influence of experimentally induced polyploidy on the relationships between endopolyploidy and plant function in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Whole genome duplication, leading to polyploidy and endopolyploidy, occurs in all domains and kingdoms and is especially prevalent in vascular plants. Both polyploidy and endopolyploidy increase cell size, but it is unclear whether both processes have similar effects on plant morphology and function, or whether polyploidy influences the magnitude of endopolyploidy. To address these gaps in knowledge, fifty‐five geographically separated diploid accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana that span a gradient of endopolyploidy were experimentally manipulated to induce polyploidy. Both the diploids and artificially induced tetraploids were grown in a common greenhouse environment and evaluated with respect to nine reproductive and vegetative characteristics. Induced polyploidy decreased leaf endopolyploidy and stem endopolyploidy along with specific leaf area and stem height, but increased days to bolting, leaf size, leaf dry mass, and leaf water content. Phenotypic responses to induced polyploidy varied significantly among accessions but this did not affect the relationship between phenotypic traits and endopolyploidy. Our results provide experimental support for a trade‐off between induced polyploidy and endopolyploidy, which caused induced polyploids to have lower endopolyploidy than diploids. Though polyploidy did not influence the relationship between endopolyploidy and plant traits, phenotypic responses to experimental genome duplication could not be easily predicted because of strong cytotype by accession interactions.
An EEG-Based Identity Authentication System with Audiovisual Paradigm in IoT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous increment of security risks and the limitations of traditional modes, it is necessary to design a universal and trustworthy identity authentication system for intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as an intelligent entrance guard. The characteristics of EEG (electroencephalography) have gained the confidence of researchers due to its uniqueness, stability, and universality. However, the limited usability of the experimental paradigm and the unsatisfactory classification accuracy have so far prevented the identity authentication system based on EEG to become commonplace in IoT scenarios. To address these problems, an audiovisual presentation paradigm is proposed to record the EEG signals of subjects. In the pre-processing stage, the reference electrode, ensemble averaging, and independent component analysis methods are used to remove artifacts. In the feature extraction stage, adaptive feature selection and bagging ensemble learning algorithms establish the optimal classification model. The experimental result shows that our proposal achieves the best classification accuracy when compared with other paradigms and typical EEG-based authentication methods, and the test evaluation on a login scenario is designed to further demonstrate that the proposed system is feasible, effective, and reliable.
Addendum: Perchlorate-Coupled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Oxidation: Evidence for a Plausible Microbe-Mediated Reaction in Martian Brines

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

CORRECTION article Front. Microbiol., 29 May 2019Sec. Extreme Microbiology Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01158
P-177 COMMON TRAUMA IN THE WORKPLACE IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR MENTAL HEALTH

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Mental illnesses are reported to be very common after major trauma. However, even modest, persistent emotional harm and trauma can have an impact on mental health. Methods On a sequential sample of 901 employees who had routine physicals, a retrospective study was conducted. Ad hoc questions on the frequency of common trauma in the previous year (physical or verbal abuse, road accidents, injuries at home and at work, and bereavement in families) were inserted to the survey form. The Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression, while the effort/reward imbalance model was used to quantify stress. Results Violence was claimed to occur 19.4% of the time, job injuries 4.4%, car accidents 6%, home injuries 9%, bereavement and family issues 25%, and driving accidents 6%. Threats, harassment, and stalking were significantly linked with occupational stress in multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender; harassment, threats, driving accidents, home injuries, and bereavement were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Discussion and conclusion When evaluating the occupational fitness of the workers during mandated health surveillance, the occupational physician should methodically gather data on mild trauma and mental health consequences. Minor, recurrent emotional injury and trauma can have an impact on mental health. For employees who experience minor trauma, companies should offer support and counselling services.
Is It Reasonable to Use Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging to Determine the Border of Pedicled TRAM Flap Zone IV?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The contralateral lateral section (zone IV) of a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is generally removed intraoperatively. The border of zone IV is usually identified anatomically using the Hartrampf classification. In this study, we used the indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence method to determine the border of zone IV and find the correlation with clinical flap outcome. Methods: The study recruited breast cancer patients who underwent a pedicled TRAM flap reconstruction. The border of zone IV was identified using the intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging. The medial border of the removed specimen was sent for a pathological examination of vascular density. Results: A total of 29 patients underwent a pedicled TRAM reconstruction. In 16 patients, the border of zone IV identified by ICG fluorescent imaging was identical to the anatomical border. The ICG imaging showed distinct perfusion patterns, which we divided into 4 categories: sequential, simultaneous, low midline scar, and delayed pattern. Overall, there were no patient with total flap loss, 1 patient had a partial flap loss and 4 patients had a fat necrosis. Neither the ICG perfusion time nor the pathological vascular density correlates with the clinical flap outcome. The delayed ICG perfusion pattern (category IV) has the highest fat necrosis rate, although it is not statistically significant. Conclusions: In this study, more than half of the patients have ICG perfusion corresponding with the Hartrampf zone, which reflected the conventional practice of zone IV pedicled TRAM flap removal. Some ICG perfusion patterns could be helpful, especially in low midline and delayed pattern.
FAMILY AND CLUSTERS OF ELAEOCARPACEAE OF KARNATAKA, INDIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Family Elaeocarpaceae is represented by a single genus Elaeocarpus in Karnataka and are endemic to the Western Ghats part of the state.Review of literature showed that there are five taxa viz., E. munronii (Wt.)Mast, E. serratus var.serratus L, E. serratus var.weibelii Zmarzty, E. tuberculatus Roxb.and E. variabilis Zmarzty.There is scanty and imprecise information in the Floras about the family and taxa of Elaeocarpaceae.Aim of the present study is to document the characteristic features of the family and taxa which will help in identification of the plants belonging to this family.Extensive field survey and material collection were conducted to document the morphological and reproductive characters of each taxa and based on this the family characters were consolidated.On the basis of studies family Elaeocarpaceae is divided into four clusters viz., Munronii, Tuberculatus, Serratus and
Application of segmentation, target and positioning in tourism marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background Research has discussed the role of S, T, P in the field of Service Marketing. The continuity of the Strategic Marketing approached has taken over the contribution of S, T, P in conceptualizing and designing Tourism Product. The existing Research and the gaps will be analyzed The Role of S, T, P and its contribution on development and defining Strategic aspect will be Research Problem area. The Exploratory and Descriptive Approach of Research Design will present in form of attribution clarity on the Perceptual and Learning from Tourist and Prospective Tourist. The insight will be collected from 638 Respondents on Multiple classification basis. The Tourist and agencies will be in sample units. The scientific method for the selection of respondents will be adopted. The data collection will be done through Agency and Tourist separately. The Data Tabulation, Editing and appropriate restructuring will be done accordingly. The data Analysis will be conducted with preliminary analysis the inferential analysis will also be taken on Statistical Analysis. The Research will present facts and figure about responsible factors for the operation of S, T, P in Tourism Marketing. The suggestive pathway will be in picture for adoption of S, T, P.
Cross-scale Numerical Simulation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PTFE/Al

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In view of strengthening reinforced PTFE/Al composite system, based on the fiber strengthening mechanism and cross-scale theory of composite material, the research about material component system design, mechanical property design and microstructure optimization was carried out by means of theoretical analysis and cross-scale numerical simulation. The mechanical properties of the composite system with different carbon fiber content and aspect ratio were studied by using PTFE/Al reinforced composite system with short carbon fiber.
Comparison of the Effect of Interpolation on the Mask R-CNN Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, several high-performance instance segmentation models have used the Mask R-CNN model as a baseline, which reached a historical peak in instance segmentation in 2017.There are numerous derived models using the Mask R-CNN model, and if the performance of Mask R-CNN is improved, the performance of the derived models is also anticipated to improve.The Mask R-CNN uses interpolation to adjust the image size, and the input differs depending on the interpolation method.Therefore, in this study, the performance change of Mask R-CNN was compared when various interpolation methods were applied to the transform layer to improve the performance of Mask R-CNN.To train and evaluate the models, this study utilized the PennFudan and Balloon datasets and the AP metric was used to evaluate model performance.As a result of the experiment, the derived Mask R-CNN model showed the best performance when bicubic interpolation was used in the transform layer.
Does Government Intervention Ensure Food Safety? Evidence from China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food safety is related to public health, social welfare, and human survival, all of which are important and pressing areas of concern all over the world. The government plays an increasingly important role in the supervision of food safety. The role of the government, however, is also controversial. Using provincial panel data of China from 2005 to 2015, the present study intends to shed light on the associations between government intervention and food safety performance under two scenarios of local government—competition and noncompetition. This will be accomplished through an exploratory spatial data analysis and a spatial econometric model. The results reveal negative associations between food safety performance and government intervention without considering local government competition. As was also observed, government intervention not only inhibits the improvement of food safety in the region, but also has a negative spatial spillover effect on food safety in neighboring provinces. This is the result after considering government competition, thus, showing the competitive strategic interaction of the “race to the bottom”. Further analysis reveals that, if geographically similar regions are selected as reference objects, the food safety performance of each province will have a stronger tendency to compete for the better. If regions with similar economic development levels are selected as reference objects, food safety performance will have a stronger tendency to compete for the worse. This work provides new evidence for the relationships between government intervention and food safety, and, also, proposes some insightful implications for policymakers for governing food safety.
Information Search as Affected by Attribution Type and Response Category

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A 2x4 split plot factorial experiment investigated the effects of person vs. stimulus attribution and response category (i.e., accomplishments, opinions, emotions and actions) on requests for consistency, consensus and distinctiveness informa tion. Requests for all three types of information were signifi cantly affected by both independent variables, alone and in interaction. Person attribution led to more requests for con sistency and distinctiveness information than stimulus attribu tion, while stimulus attribution led to more requests for consensus. Under person attribution, actions and accomplishments produced more consistency requests than emotions and opinions, while accomplishments produced greatest concern with distinc tiveness. Under stimulus attribution, accomplishments led to greatest concern with consensus.
Unitary equivalence and phase properties of the quantum parametric and generalized harmonic oscillators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A quantum parametric harmonic oscillator with a unitary evolution but not invariant under time reversal, is shown to be unitarily equivalent to a quantum generalized harmonic oscillator. As a consequence the phase properties of the two systems, in particular their geometric phases, are identical. Equivalent results for the corresponding classical systems are deduced from the study of the time evolution of the appropriate squeezed coherent states.
Real-time control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive (I)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report documents the design work progress stages that have been carried out in the Final Year Project (FYP) which involved in the analysing and operating a real-time control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) that uses Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and will be conducted in the form of a closed-loop feedback system that relies on the Field Oriented Control (F.O.C.) or Vector Control technique. The report firstly reviews the research works done this area of expertise and literature review on using the TMS320F28335 DSP for synchronous motor such as PMSM which is capable to fulfil enhanced and efficient operation that improve performances. Next, it narrows down into the main fundamental background concepts that involve both on the hardware and software implementations that are required to use the F.O.C. technique on the project which simulation and actual physical experimental practices were being carried out to evaluate the performance, in terms of response, efficiency and accuracy. Furthermore, several issues mainly on the hardware implementation section were also being identified and discussed as well. The report finally provides suggestions for improvements to the F.O.C. approach and also offers recommendations for future work operation. An Appendix has been attached to this report. It comprises of the specifications and schematic circuit diagrams of various hardware circuit components were being design as well as the DSP interface features that were being selected to be implemented in the project.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Hydrogen-Bonded Pyridine−H2O Complex:  A Comparison with RHF and MP2 Methods and with Experimental Data

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

As a test for the applicability of the density functional theory (DFT) to hydrogen-bonded systems, various local and nonlocal exchange correlation functionals have been used to calculate the equilibrium structure and the harmonic vibrational frequencies of the pyridine−water complex. We also performed restricted Hartree−Fock (RHF) and Moller−Plesset (MP2) calculations for comparison. Three different basis sets (6-31G**, 6-31++G**, and 6-311++G(2d, 2p) 6d)) were used in the study. The best agreement between the DFT computed and the experimental rotational constants for monomeric pyridine were obtained with the B3-PW91 and B3-LYP functionals. For the vibrational frequencies of the H-bonded complex, the experimental data from matrix FT-IR spectrometry as well as the results obtained from the ab initio methods were best reproduced with the DFT method with the nonlocal exchange and correlation functionals. The hybrid approaches, which mix HF and Slater exchange, are particularly effective in these types of calculations.
A Strategic Analysis of Development Opportunities for NeoControl Pelvic Floor Therapy System in Canada

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Urinary incontinence is an important health problem that affects millions of Canadians and many millions of people in all age groups worldwide. It is a demoralizing and costly problem with widespread human, social and financial implications. There are various types of treatments available to improve and control incontinence. The NeoControl Pelvic Floor Therapy System provides a non-surgical, non-invasive therapy for treatment of urinary incontinence. Unlike other treatments, NeoControl exercises all the muscles of the pelvic floor to rebuild strength by repeating a painless and easy procedure. The number of Canadians suffering from incontinence is growing because the population is aging. NeoControl and its technology is a new way of treatment, which has not been introduced to the Canadian marketplace to date. This project investigates the opportunity to introduce the NeoControl Pelvic Floor Therapy System to the Canadian marketplace. The study presents an estimate for the demand for the therapy, a strategic evaluation of the market using Porter’s Five Forces Framework, and a description of the target markets. The project concludes with a financial analysis of a proposed business to import and distribute the device into Canada.
The Earth System Prediction Suite: Toward a Coordinated U.S. Modeling Capability

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Earth System Prediction Suite (ESPS) is a collection of flagship U.S. weather and climate models and model components that are being instrumented to conform to interoperability conventions, documented to follow metadata standards, and made available either under open-source terms or to credentialed users. The ESPS represents a culmination of efforts to create a common Earth system model architecture, and the advent of increasingly coordinated model development activities in the United States. ESPS component interfaces are based on the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF), community-developed software for building and coupling models, and the National Unified Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC) Layer, a set of ESMF-based component templates and interoperability conventions. This shared infrastructure simplifies the process of model coupling by guaranteeing that components conform to a set of technical and semantic behaviors. The ESPS encourages distributed, multiagency development of coupled modeling systems; controlled experimentation and testing; and exploration of novel model configurations, such as those motivated by research involving managed and interactive ensembles. ESPS codes include the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM), the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), and the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS); the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) and the Modular Ocean Model (MOM); the Community Earth System Model (CESM); and the NASA ModelE climate model and the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5), atmospheric general circulation model.