jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship and innovation : the modern concept of regional development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Experiences from innovative regions demonstrate that a proven model for regional development is a development model associated with a leading university (universities), focused upon technologically advanced innovations, revealing another innovative technology, innovative product, innovative service which will exert influence upon the markets and transform the entire branches of industry. This model has a chance to prove itself in large regional centres (metropolises) that ought to possess a number of essential advantages. Regional centres ought to bring together a significant population, be characterised by the high level of Gross Domestic Product, the high level of Gross Domestic Product per capita, and need to concentrate the leading enterprises of innovative industries, enterprises fulfilling the requirements of large customers, business centres, as well as health and public sector institutions.
Prognostic Impact of Restless Legs Syndrome on Patients with Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs or arms for relief of uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations. Prevalence and prognostic impact of RLS on patients with heart failure (HF) remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of RLS on HF patients.Consecutive 338 HF patients were evaluated for RLS and divided into two groups on the basis of presence of RLS: HF patients with RLS (RLS group, n = 29) and HF patients without RLS (non-RLS group, n = 309). We compared clinical characteristics, parameters of laboratory data and echocardiography, and rate of follow-up cardiac events including worsening HF and cardiac death between the two groups. Compared with the non-RLS group, the RLS group had higher prevalence of anemia (65.5% versus 40.8%, P = 0.010), higher usage of inotropic agents (31.0% versus 15.2%, P = 0.028), higher levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (570.8 versus 215.8 pg/mL, P = 0.018), and lower levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (40.4% versus 48.4%, P = 0.019). By contrast, age, gender, prevalence of other co-morbidities and medications were comparable between the groups. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cardiac event rate was significantly higher in the RLS group than in the non-RLS group (log-rank P = 0.034). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, RLS was a predictor for cardiac events in HF patients (hazard ratio: 1.783, 95% confidence interval: 1.038-3.063).RLS is associated with adverse prognosis in HF patients.
Home safety of elderly in rental flats

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This research aims to highlight the safety issues of the elderly population living in rental flats. The safety issues addressed in this study include electrical, fall, fire, and personal injury relating to common activities of daily living (AnLs) such as cooking and hanging of laundry out of the kitchen window. Previous studies have shown that human factors intervention can reduce and eliminate causes of home injury. The methods used include taking demography of the subjects, assessing home safety using a standardized checklist, conducting field analysis of the subjects' homes by marking the hazard items on a map of the layout of the flat, assessing the perception of safety in the elderly using a questionnaire and taking measurements of the fixtures in the home to find out if they are compatible with the anthropometric dimensions of subjects for ease of use. The results of this study show that the kitchen is the most hazardous place, followed by the bathroom, living room and bedroom.
Omphalocele in two calves.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Two calves were found to have omphaloceles at the time of observed unassisted parturition. Both calves were admitted to the veterinary hospital within hours of birth. One calf, with the amnion covering of the herniated intestine and liver intact, was successfully treated by herniorrhaphy. The second calf had ruptured the amnion covering the hernia by the time of admission. This calf was euthanatized during laparotomy because of severe gross contamination of the abdominal cavity. An omphalocele is a congenital defect in the body wall in which eviscerated abdominal organs are covered by amnion rather than skin.
Radiosensitivity of seedling traits to varying gamma doses, optimum dose determination and variation in determined doses due to different time of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation in faba bean genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three experiments were conducted to assess the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on various seedling traits; determine the optimum doses of gamma radiation for different faba bean genotypes; find out the variation in optimum doses with respect to the different times of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation. Five faba bean genotypes viz., L-2013-060, L-2013-092, Anandnagar Local, Gazipur Local and Bangla Gangachar were used in these experiments. In Experiment I, seeds of five experimental genotypes were exposed to different doses (100 Gy 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy, 600 Gy, 700 Gy and 800 Gy) of gamma radiation and were sown immediately after irradiation. In Experiment II, seeds of Bangla Gangachar and L-2013-060 were exposed to varying doses (100–800 Gy) of gamma radiation and were sown at seven sowings starting from 0 h to 24 h at 4-h intervals after irradiation. In Experiment III, L-2013-092 genotypes was exposed to different doses (100 –800 Gy) of gamma radiation with two different methods of irradiation. In Experiment I, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) values have arrived at 140 Gy, 669 Gy, 575 Gy, 386 Gy and 158 Gy for L-2013-060, L-2013-092, Anandnagar Local, Gazipur Local and Bangla Gangachar, respectively. The growth reduction 50 (GR50) doses for different seedling traits ranged from 130 Gy to 320 Gy for L-2013-060, 250 Gy to 480 Gy for L-2013-092, 130 Gy to 370 Gy for Anandnagar Local, 200 Gy to 350 Gy for Gazipur Local and 250 Gy to 400 Gy for Bangla Gangachar. In Experiment II, the values for LD50 of the genotypes Bangla Gangachar and L-2013-060 were significantly singular for different time intervals of sowing. The values of GR50 for most of the seedling traits were found to increase with the delay in sowing after irradiation from 4 to 24 h when compared with the immediately sown seed lots. In Experiment III, LD50 for L-2013-092 was 337 Gy with Method 1 and 669 Gy with Method 2. In Method 1, most of the growth parameters attained GR50 doses lower than Method 2. The first method was found to increase the radiosensitivity of L-2013-092. Every experimental genotype used in these three experiments showed dose-dependent retardation of different seedling traits. These optimized doses may be employed to establish mutant populations for exploiting the novel traits of faba bean. The time of sowing after irradiation and method of irradiation was found to be essential for confirming optimum doses.
Long non-coding RNAs in melanoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are a type of transcript containing more than 200 nucleotides, whose mutation and dysregulation are closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, multiple lncRNAs have been found to be associated with melanoma, including BRAF(V-rafmurine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1)-activated non-coding RNA(BANCR), HOX antisense intergenic RNA(HOTAIR), SPRY4 intronic transcript 1(SPRY4-IT1), Llme23, antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus(ANRIL), colorectal neoplasms difference expression(CRNDE), urothelial carcinoma associated 1(UCA1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT-1). These lncRNAs, which are abnormally expressed in melanoma, can enhance the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells, and promote melanoma metastasis.

Key words:
Melanoma; Cell proliferation; Cell movement; Neoplasm metastasis; Long non-coding RNA
GPU-based key-frame selection of pulmonary ultrasound images to detect COVID-19

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the last decades, technological advances have led to a considerable increase in computing power constraints to simulate complex phenomena in various application fields, among which are climate, physics, genomics and medical diagnosis. Often, accurate results in real time, or quasi real time, are needed, especially if related to a process requiring rapid interventions. To deal with such demands, more sophisticated approaches have been designed, including GPUs, multicore processors and hardware accelerators. Supercomputers manage high amounts of data at a very high speed; however, despite their considerable performance, their limitations are due to maintenance costs, rapid obsolescence and notable energy consumption. New processing architectures and GPUs in the medical field can provide diagnostic and therapeutic support whenever the patient is subject to risk. In this context, image processing as an aid to diagnosis, in particular pulmonary ultrasound to detect COVID-19, represents a promising diagnostic tool with the ability to discriminate between different degrees of disease. This technique has several advantages, such as no radiation exposure, low costs, the availability of follow-up tests and the ease of use even with limited resources. This work aims to identify the best approach to optimize and parallelize the selection of the most significant frames of a video which is given as the input to the classification network that will differentiate between healthy and COVID patients. Three approaches have been evaluated: histogram, entropy and ResNet-50, followed by a K-means clustering. Results highlight the third approach as the most accurate, simultaneously showing GPUs significantly lowering all processing times.
Tyrosine kinase-dependent and -independent events induced by interleukin-2 stimulation: interleukin-2-mediated NO production required for the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in rat splenocytes is tyrosine kinase independent.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nitric oxide (NO) has recently been shown to be an indispensable co-factor in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Upon stimulation with IL-2, cells endowed with specific receptors undergo phosphorylation of substrates mediated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTK). In this work we utilized a well-characterized PTK inhibitor, genistein (GEN), to address the role of PTK on NO-dependent LAK cell generation. The effects of GEN were tested on the expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene, proliferation, generation of cytotoxic activity and production of NO upon IL-2 stimulation of rat splenocytes. We report here that GEN displays profound inhibitory effects on recombinant (r)IL-2 induced proliferation and on LAK cell generation, while only marginally affecting NO production, measured as NO2-. In contrast, a specific inhibitor of the NO synthetic pathway (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine; NMMA) blocked generation of LAK cells and NO production without affecting cell proliferation. If added directly to the cytotoxicity tests, GEN exerted minor inhibitory effects, not exceeding 25% of control tests, while NMMA was completely ineffective. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a non-enzymatic NO-releasing substance, restored LAK cell generation in cultures performed in the presence of NMMA, but not in those performed in the presence of GEN. These results indicate that IL-2-induced NO production is a PTK-independent event. IL-2-stimulated LAK cell generation obligatorily requires the concurrent activation of PTK dependent and independent signal transduction pathways.
Simulation research for mixed radiation environment in target chamber Ⅱ of BEPCⅡ-LINAC test beam

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

为提供探测器或样品辐照实验与靶物质选择所需的辐射环境基本物理参数,利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件FLUKA对BEPCⅡ-LINAC试验束E2线上的第二靶室混合辐射环境进行了模拟计算,得到了以靶心为圆心,半径为1 m的球面上的各次级粒子的微分通量、角度微分截面、磁谱仪方位角上的双微分能谱、靶室内的剂量率分布。
Labial Sense Organs of the Nematode, Heterakis gallinarum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The labial sense organs of Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank 1788) were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two large doublet papillae are visible externally on the dorsal lip while a single doublet papilla, a short peglike ventrolateral papilla, and the opening of the amphid are visible on each subventral lip. Internal anatomy of these papillae indicates that the doublet papillae are probably pressure receptors while the ventrolateral papillae may be combined mechano- and chemoreceptors. Amphids resemble the structure of amphids of several previously studied nematodes. Six internal labial receptors, two at the inner edge of each lip, can be identified by transmission microscopy. They may be mechanoreceptors recording cuticular stresses during feeding. Each sense organ is associated with a complexly folded system of membranes delimiting extracellular space continuous with space surrounding the dendritic process of the receptor.
Effects of Seed Cutting on Seed Dormancy and Germination of Brochypodium distachyon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted by cutting seeds of Brochypodium distachyon to examine the consequences of germination and seed dormancy feature.A total of six treatments were made:(1) a control of intact seeds.(2),(3)and (5) were cutting off 1/4,1/2 and 3/4 of endospermz.(4) slitting a crack on the back of endosperm without hurting embryo.(6)Cutting off the endosperm but keep embryo intact.The results showed that cutting seeds was effective for breaking seed dormancy.ANOVA on germination percentages of different cutting treatments displayed that there were significant differences.The order of germination percentage among six treatments was (6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1).The significant negative correlations were found between both the relative distance from cutting point to embryo and the percentages of remaining parts and germination percentages (dormancy breaking).The obtained results suggest that partial damage to seed endosperms in natural conditions might play a role in increasing the phenotypic plasticity of germination.The dormancy feature in Brochypodium distachyon as a model plant species could be used for the dormancy mechanism study of plant seed in future.
Spina bifida occulta: Not to be overlooked in children with nocturnal enuresis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Previous reports have suggested that the incidence of spina bifida occulta in patients with nocturnal enuresis is higher than in the general population. However, the effect of spina bifida occulta on the response to nocturnal enuresis treatment is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spina bifida occulta and response to treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Methods Between 2006 and 2009, the records of 160 children with nocturnal enuresis were reviewed. Children with other organic urological disease or symptoms suggestive of spinal dysraphism were excluded. Plain radiography for the kidney–ureter–bladder was carried out before the start of the nocturnal enuresis treatment. Response to treatment of children with and without spina bifida occulta was compared. Results Of 160 children, 53 were girls; the mean age was 7.8 ± 2.06 years. The mean duration of treatment was 8.7 ± 9.29 months. Spina bifida occulta was detected in 43 children (26.9%). Spina bifida occulta affected L 4 in four children, L 5 in 12 children, S 1 in 26 children and S 2 in one child. There was a significant difference between the spina bifida occulta and non‐spina bifida occulta groups in terms of outcome ( P = 0.002), with a complete response more likely in children without spina bifida occulta ( P = 0.005). None of the children with primary non‐mono symptomatic nocturnal enuresis and spina bifida occulta showed a complete response. Conclusions The presence of spina bifida occulta significantly affects the response to treatment in patients with nocturnal enuresis. Thus, verifying spina bifida occulta in this patient population can facilitate the prediction of the response to nocturnal enuresis treatment.
LL-37 Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Alleviating Inflammatory Response and Epithelial Cell Oxidative Injury via ZBP1-Mediated Autophagy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease constituting a heavy burden on society due to high mortality and morbidity. Inflammation and oxidative stress constitute key pathological mechanisms in ALI caused by sepsis. LL-37 can improve the survival of septic mice. Nevertheless, its function and underlying mechanism in sepsis-evoked ALI is elusive. Methods: The human A549 alveolar epithelial cell line was treated with LL-37 or ZBP1 recombinant vector under LPS exposure. Then, the effects on cell oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and autophagy were analyzed. RNA-seq analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the LPS and LPS/LL-37 groups. Furthermore, the effects of LL-37 on cecal ligation and the puncture (CLP)-constructed ALI model were explored. Results: LL-37 attenuated LPS-evoked oxidative injury in human alveolar epithelial cells by increasing cell viability and suppressing ROS, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase levels and apoptosis. Moreover, LPS-induced releases of pro-inflammatory IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-1β were suppressed by LL-37. Furthermore, LPS’s impairment of autophagy was reversed by LL-37. RNA-seq analysis substantiated 1350 differentially expressed genes between the LPS and LPS/LL-37 groups. Among them was ZBP1, a significantly down-regulated gene with the largest fold change. Moreover, LL-37 suppressed LPS-increased ZBP1 expression. Importantly, ZBP1 elevation restrained LL-37-induced autophagy in LPS-treated cells and abrogated LL-37-mediated protection against LPS-evoked oxidative injury and inflammation. LL-37 ameliorated abnormal histopathological changes, tissue edema, the lung injury score, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), and glycemia contents in the CLP-constructed ALI model, which were offset through ZBP1 elevation via its activator CBL0137. Additionally, LL-37 suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissues, concomitant with autophagy elevation and ZBP1 down-regulation. Conclusions: LL-37 may alleviate the progression of sepsis-evoked ALI by attenuating pulmonary epithelial cell oxidative injury and inflammatory response via ZBP1-mediated autophagy activation, indicating a promising approach for the therapy of ALI patients.
Evaluation of Growth Kinetics and Biomass Yield of Baker's Yeast on Potato Flour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aims to evaluate the growth kinetics of two different Baker’s yeast (S. cerevisiae) strains and to establish regression models for predicting and optimizing of the growth conditions of the strains. Two yeast strains of S. cerevisiae; one was commercial strain (CS) and another was isolated from traditional dry wine residue of Madhupur region, Bangladesh (MS), were used in the study. The effects of four different factors viz., time, temperature, agitation and the potato powder concentrations were assessed. The performance of the growth of the strains was monitored using three responses like OD at 600 nm, ethanol production and biomass yield (g.L-1). Fractional factorial design (24-1) was used to generate the experimental trials as well as to analyze the data to design a geometrical representation. The highest value of optical density, ethanol and biomass production for S. cerevisiae (CS) were obtained 1.439, 6.56 (g.L-1) and 0.39 (g.L-1) respectively, and for S. cerevisiae (MS) were 0.645, 0.621 (g.L-1) and 0.23 (g.L-1), respectively. The best conditions for biomass production were at 1% of potato powder concentration, temperature at 30ºC and agitation at 150 rpm. By using regression model it can be said that for two factor interaction: potato powder concentration with time and time with agitation had the significant effects but three factor interactions had no significant effect on the experiment. By establishing regression models from the obtained data, prediction and optimization of the strains’ growth conditions can be easily done.
Fabry Disease in Genetic Counseling Practice: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this document is to provide health care professionals with recommendations for genetic counseling and testing of individuals with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease, with a family history of Fabry disease, and those identified as female carriers of Fabry disease. These recommendations are the opinions of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors, medical geneticists, and other health professionals with expertise in Fabry disease counseling, as well as an individual with Fabry disease who is a founder of a Fabry disease patient advocacy group in the United States. The recommendations are U.S. Preventive Task Force Class III, and they are based on clinical experience, a review of pertinent English‐language articles, and reports of expert committees. This document reviews the genetics of Fabry disease, the indications for genetic testing and interpretation of results, psychosocial considerations, and references for professional and patient resources. These recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. The professional judgment of a healthcare provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case, will always supersede these recommendations.
Do flavour descriptions influence subjective ratings of flavoured and unflavoured e-liquids among non-smoking and non-vaping UK adolescents?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Youth use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes/vapes) is rising globally. Identifying the factors driving this increase is important, in order to prevent health harms. One factor that may be associated with youth appeal is the flavour description on e-liquid packaging. Methods: We conducted an online observational study in a UK sample of 120 adolescent participants (aged 11–17 years). We compared subjective responses to e-liquid packaging flavour descriptions (primary analyses: flavoured versus unflavoured; secondary analyses: candy/sweet flavour versus fruit flavour). Outcome variables were packaging appraisal, packaging receptivity, perceived harm, and perceived audience.Results: Packaging appraisal ratings were higher for e-liquids with flavoured versus unflavoured descriptions (mean difference 5.9, 95% CI 4.2 to 7.6, p &lt;.001). Likewise, packaging receptivity ratings were higher for e-liquids with flavoured versus unflavoured descriptions (mean difference 4.2, 95% CI 2.8 to 5.6, p &lt;.001, respectively). Adolescents also perceived e-liquids with flavoured (versus unflavoured) descriptions as less grown-up (mean difference -5.2, 95% CI -7.3 to -3.1, p &lt;.001). However, we did not find evidence for a difference in perceived harm. Conclusions: Although there were differences in subjective ratings of e-liquids with flavoured and unflavoured descriptions, adolescents generally had low appraisal and receptivity for e-liquids, and they perceived them as being grown-up and harmful. Further research is needed to examine adolescent responses to flavour descriptions on additional e-cigarette products (e.g., disposable vapes), and other aspects of e-cigarette packaging (e.g., colours, imagery, and branding), before making policy recommendations.