jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research Progress in Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide( VIP) is a linear cationic neuropeptide containing 28 amino acids,and its molecular weight is 3323. VIP exhibited a wide range of biological functions as a neuroendocrine hormones,neurotransmitter and cytokines,including relaxing vessels,promoting gastric peristalsis,modulating the immune system and protecting the central nervous system. The study on animal models demonstrated that VIP was an attractive therapeutic candidate. The pathological characters of models were distinctly improved after treating with VIP in the form of liposome,nanoparticle,recombinant plasmid or VIP gene. Therefore,it becomes reliable theoretical basis and has expansive application prospect to develop VIP or its derivates toward the potential drugs. However some obstacles still exist between the laboratory and the clinic,mainly because of its structural unstability,high sensitivity to protease degradation and complex biological actions. To comprehensively understand the research methods and progresses of VIP,its molecular characters,the mediated processes of VIP receptors( VPAC),its biological functions and prospective of developing it toward drugs are reviewed. In addition,some suggestions on modification of VIP to make it more stable are proposed based on the author's work.
Blockchain and AI in Rural Healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The integration of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twin (DT) technologies is revolutionizing healthcare delivery, particularly in rural and underserved areas. This chapter explains how these technologies combined address some of the most significant issues such as secure handling of electronic health records (EHRs), privacy-preserving data sharing, real-time patient monitoring, and effective healthcare resource management. Blockchain offers decentralized, tamper-proof data management and enhances transparency across medical and pharma supply chains. AI allows predictive healthcare, treatment plans for individuals, and home-based monitoring through the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), while DTs mimic healthcare systems and patient models to advance planning, diagnostics, and outcomes. The two technologies combined form a more inclusive, smart, and resilient health ecosystem that shatters infrastructure, access, and privacy barriers, allows for real-time decision making, and supports clinical precision among high-risk populations.
Supplementary Material for: Evaluations of the Selectivities of the Diacylglycerol Kinase Inhibitors R59022 and R59949 Among Diacylglycerol Kinase Isozymes Using a New Non-Radioactive Assay Method

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ten mammalian diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isozymes (a-γ) have been identified. Recent studies have revealed that DGK isozymes play pivotal roles in a wide variety of pathophysiological functions. Thus, it is important to be able to easily check DGK activity in each pathophysiological event. Moreover, the conventional DGK assay is quite laborious because it requires the use of a radioisotope and thin-layer chromatography including multiple extraction steps. In order to minimize the laborious procedures, we established a non-radioactive, single well, two-step DGK assay system. We demonstrated that, compared to the conventional method, the new assay system has comparable sensitivity and much higher efficiency, and is effective in detecting potential agents with high reliability (Z'-factor = 0.69 ± 0.12; n = 3). Using the newly developed assay, we comprehensively evaluated the DGK isozyme selectivities of commercially available DGK inhibitors, R59022 and R59949, in vitro. We found that among 10 isozymes, R59022 strongly inhibited type I DGKa and moderately attenuated type III DGKe and type V DGKθ, and that R59949 strongly inhibited type I DGK a and γ, and moderately attenuated type II DGK d and γ.
The Stresses in an Adhesive Layer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A simple method has been developed for calculating the stresses near the ends of a parallel-sided adhesive layer. The method can be applied to adhesive layers having aspect ratios of 10 or greater, and Poisson's ratios of 0.49 or less. For a layer subject to uniform boundary conditions of displacement at the adhering surfaces, the stress fields at distances greater than about five layer thicknesses from the free surfaces are uniform. The stress field throughout the layer is uniquely determined by the stresses in the uniform stress region. If the stress field is expressed by functions of reduced coordinates of position, obtained by dividing the cartesian coordinates by the layer thickness, these functions are for practical purposes independent of the aspect ratio or the thickness. The method has been used to calculate shrinkage stresses, the stresses in a joint under tension perpendicular to the plane of the adhesive layer, and the stresses in a joint under shear. The features of the stress fields are described, and where necessary, shown in the form of graphs or contour plots.
Extracellular Î±-glucosidase of an alkalophilic microorganism,Bacillussp. ATCC 21591

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacillus sp. ATCC 21591, an alkalophilic bacterium, produces 3 enzymes associated with degradation of starch-α-amylase, pullulanase and α-glucosidase. The latter reached a maximum after 24 h growth. Highest activities of α-glucosidase and pullulanase were obtained when the initial pH of the medium was 9.7 and although at pH 10.4 highest biomass was attained after 48 h no α-glucosidase was present. The pH optimum for activity with maltose as substrate was 7.0, which is surprisingly low for an alkalophilic organism. The enzyme was substrate specific for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside, maltose and maltotriose in that order. Forty eight times the activity was located in the cell-free supernatant, relative to that found intracellulary. Transferase activity was detected - the major end-product formed from maltose was a compound with an Rf-value similar to isomaltose.
Green Finance and Regional Technological Innovation in China: The Mediating Role of R&D Investment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In light of global initiatives aimed at promoting sustainability and low-carbon growth, this research investigates how green finance affects regional technological innovation in China, specifically highlighting the mediating effect of R&D investment. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2021, we apply fixed-effects and mediation models to explore these relationships. The results indicate a strong positive link between green finance and regional technological innovation, with R&D investment acting as a partial mediator. Furthermore, the capabilities for regional innovation and entrepreneurship enhance the influence of green finance on R&D investment. However, in areas with greater innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, the additional effect of R&D investment tends to decrease. Based on these results, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations, including enhancing green finance policies, improving financial institution services, promoting enterprise-led R&D activities, and fostering regional collaboration to achieve balanced innovation development. These insights provide both theoretical and practical significance for leveraging green finance to advance sustainable innovation.
Microstructural and Surface Texture Evaluation of Orthodontic Microimplants Covered with Bioactive Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Bacterial infections are a common cause of clinical complications associated with the use of orthodontic microimplants. Biofilm formation on their surfaces and subsequent infection of peri-implant tissues can result in either exfoliation or surgical removal of these medical devices. In order to improve the properties of microimplants, hybrid coatings enriched with silver nanoparticles, calcium, and phosphorus were investigated. The present study aimed to assess the microstructure of commercially available microimplants composed of a medical TiAlV (Ti6Al4V) alloy covered with organic–inorganic layers obtained by the sol–gel method using the dip-coating technique. The microstructures and elemental surface compositions of the sterile, etched, and layer-modified microimplants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Elements such as silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) were detected on the microimplant’s surface layer. The SEM observations revealed that control microimplants (unetched) had smooth surfaces with only manufacturing-related embossing, while etching in hydrofluoric acid increased the surface roughness and introduced fluoride onto the microimplants. Layers with only silver nanoparticles reduced the roughness of the implant surface, and no extrusion was observed, while increased roughness and emerging porosity were observed when the layers were enriched with calcium and phosphorus. The highest roughness was observed in the microimplants etched with AgNPs and CaP, while the AgNPs-only layer showed a reduction in the roughness average parameter due to lower porosity. Enhancing the effectiveness of microimplants can be achieved by applying selective surface treatments to different parts. By keeping the outer tissue contact area smooth while making the bone contact area rough to promote stronger integration with bone tissue, the overall performance of the implants can be significantly improved.
Incubation temperature as a constraint on clutch size evolution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Elucidating factors that limit the number of offspring produced is fundamental to understanding life-history evolution. Here, we examine the hypothesis that parental ability to maintain an optimal physical developmental environment for all offspring constrains clutch size via effects on offspring quality. 2. Experimental laboratory studies of birds have shown that a <1°C difference in average incubation temperature has diverse effects on fitness-related post-hatching offspring phenotypes. Thus, the inability of parents to maintain optimal incubation temperatures could constrain clutch sizes. 3. A fundamental question that has not been sufficiently addressed is whether larger clutch sizes lead to within nest variation in egg temperature that is large enough to produce offspring with different phenotypes within a brood. This could lead to differential survival among offspring, and could create a tradeoff between offspring number and quality. 4. We manipulated clutch size in nests of free-living wood ducks and measured incubation temperature among and within clutches using multiple temperature loggers. 5. As clutch size increased, average incubation temperatures were lower and more variable, and eggs took longer to hatch. Notably, the range in average incubation temperature among eggs within nests increased with clutch size and exceeded 1°C in large clutches. 6. Clutch size did not affect hatch success. In conjunction with our companion laboratory studies that used artificial incubation to document the effects of temperature variation on fitness-related traits in this species, our work suggests that suboptimal incubation temperatures could be a factor that limits clutch size through diminishing returns on post-hatch offspring quality.
NONPROFITS IN THE FIELD: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PEER MONITORING AND SABOTAGE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Two types of intrinsically motivated workers are considered: good workers care about the mission of an organization, whereas bad workers derive pleasure from destructive behavior. Compared to the case with only good workers, the mission‐oriented sector has to resort to higher monitoring to deal with the threat of sabotage. When standard monitoring is not possible, peer monitoring might deter bad workers from entering the nonprofit sector but reduces output due to free riding and because workers require higher compensation to work in teams. Nonprofits implement peer monitoring only if the expected damage that bad workers can inflict is larger than the loss of productivity due to teamwork. For senior staff with high reservation utility, they turn a blind eye on serious sabotage if the likelihood of hiring a bad worker is perceived as small. But they almost systematically implement peer monitoring for junior staff.
[Trypsin inhibitors of maturing pea seeds].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

While exploring data using information visualization, analysts try to make sense of the data, build cases, and present them to others. However, if the exploration is long or done in multiple sessions, it can be hard for analysts to remember all interesting visualizations and the relationships among them they have seen. Often, they will see the same or similar visualizations, and are unable to recall when, why and how they have seen something similar. Recalling and retrieving interesting visualizations are important tasks for the analysis processes such as problem solving, reasoning, and conceptualization. In this paper, we argue that offering support for thinking based on past analysis processes is important, and present a solution for this.
Processos de obtenção de tecnologia militar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses different ways to obtain military technology, examining: the autonomous development; the cooperative development in international governmental level; the cooperative development in international business; and technology transfer. For that, the article presents the demand for military equipment for current and future combats, visualizing an emphasis in employment of military resources with increasing sophistication and complexity, using technologies based on robotics, in systemization and in automation, in addition to the defense in cybernetic war. This article analyzes the technological retrenchment, related to sensitive technologies, and opens an alternate port, giving access to the development of these technologies, through the creation of mobilizing programs. This work evaluates eight projects to obtain military technology and draws lessons in different sectors of technology: the missiles MSS1.2 and A-Darter, besides the project Astros II, in the missile sector; the Urutu, Guarani and Gaúcho, in the land vehicles of combat sector; the Tupi class, in the submarine sector; and the AMX aircraft, in air sector.
Comparison of Cationic Propyl Gallate and Adenosine Diphosphate for the Meassurement of Aspirin Effectivity with Optical Aggregometry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background. The goal of our interest is to bring attention to standardisation of the aspirin effectiveness examination in patients profiting from (life)long antithrombotic terapy. Optical platelet aggregation tests have been most widely used. Examination with endogenous inductors of platelet aggregation - thrombin, colagen, arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has a low specificity and reproducibility. Aim. To compare a newer inductor of platelets aggregation cationic propyl gallate (CPG) with ADP for the examination of aspirin (ASA) efffectivity with optical aggregometry. Methods. We prospectively enrolled 116 consecutive patiens with a stable cardiovascular disease on ASA 100mg/day for ≥ 1 month. The controll group was formed from 62 healthy volunteers, without antithrombotic treatment. Analysis. We investigated platelet aggregation by optical aggregometry (aggregometer LASER 4x, BIOART). CPG and ADP were added as aggregating agents. The measured parameter were: CPG-slope (this parameter expresses steepness of the aggregation curve and also the speed of aggregation (%/minutes)) and ADP-max (the maximum percent change in light transmittance from baseline). Results. Definition. First, we determined the CPG-slope cut-off value for the definition of ASA-non-effective treated patient. We established it on the ground of CPG-slope values in the control group. The values from controll group followed a normal distribution (test Shapiro - Wilk). We calculated the cut-off value using the 95% - confidence interval. The CPG-slope cut-off value was 79 %/min for ASA-effective treated patient. We marked the patients as ASA-non efffective treated when the CPG-slope was ≥ 79%/min. The same way we used to define the cut-off value for ADP-max. We identified the aspirin treatment as uneffective when the value of ADP-max had been > 62%. Comparison. The values of CPG-slope and ADP-max were in a close correlation in the group of patients treated with aspirin. The correlation index (r = 0,671) was highly significant. By CPG-induced optical aggregation were 33,6% ASA-non-effective treated patients. While using both inductors (CPG, ADP) were the proportion of ASA-non-effective treated patients 25%. By both tests (CPG, ADP) were equally divided 71,6% patients. ASA-non-effective treated patients were more commonly obese (46,2%) with hypertension (94,9%) and hypercholesterolemia (73,7%) and were less commonly treated with statins (30,8%) as the aspirin effective treated patients (42,%, 88,2%, 59,2% resp.42,1%). Conclusion. Meassurement of a platelet aggregation by CPG is reproducible with high sensitivity and specificity. The study has also brought attention to the importance of control the cardiovascular risk factors. Figure. Statistical parameters Figure. Statistical parameters
Providing access to the inaccessible: a new thematic digital library for the Venice Lagoon

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is a description of an innovative project: the creation of a digital thematic library known as the Laguna di Venezia Digital Library (LVDL). It will collect published and unpublished scientific documentation about the Venice Lagoon. LVDL is a personalised extension of the ETRDL (ERCIM Technical Reference Digital Library) system, which is based on the Dienst protocol. Thanks to varying levels of document search and semantic descriptors, LVDL will satisfy many kinds of users working in a wide range of topics. As organised, this digital library has the potential to become a key thematic library for multidisciplinary documentation on the Venice Lagoon.
Corrosion inhibition of iron by 1‐benzylidene‐4‐ Phenylthiosemicarbazone derivatives in acid solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The inhibition action of 1‐benzylidene‐4‐phenylthiosemicarbazone derivatives on the corrosion behaviour of iron in 1M H 2 SO 4 was investigated using potentiostatic and potentiodynamic techniques. Results showed that these derivatives act as mixed‐type inhibitors, but the cathode is more preferentially polarized. All the inhibitors follow the Frumkin adsorption. The results of the potentiodynamic indicate that the adsorption process depends on both adsorption potential (E ads ) and adsorption time (t ads ). THe results obtained were analysed and discussed on the basis of competitive adsorption.
Supplementary Figure 10 from Spatial and Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Heterogeneity of DNAM-1 Receptor–Ligand Interactions That Instructs Intratumoral γδT-cell Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 10 Identification of Tet-on system, ROC curves and survival curves of different groups for NB tumor. (A) and (B) The variation of CD112 and CD155 expression in SK-N-BE2 cells treated with different concentration of doxycycline (0, 2 nM, 20 nM, 200 nM, 2 μM, 20 μM) is detected by qPCR and Western blot. (C) ROC curves are generated for CD112, CD155, and CD112/CD155 ratio to predict NB patient death, tumor risk or MYCN amplification. The results are expressed as the means ± SEMs from at least three independent experiments. Significant differences between groups are represented by ns no significance, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.</p>
Leptomeningeal dissemination from low-grade neuroepithelial CNS tumors in adults: a 15-year experience (P6.159)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

April 27, 2018April 10, 2018Free AccessLeptomeningeal dissemination from low-grade neuroepithelial CNS tumors in adults: a 15-year experience (P6.159)Philipp Karschnia, Frank J. Barbiero, Michaela H. Schwaiblmair, Joseph M. Piepmeier, Anita J. Huttner, Kevin P. Becker, Robert K. Fulbright, and Joachim M. BaehringAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 10, 2018 issue90 (15_supplement) Letters to the Editor
Cognitive and affective outcomes of teaching about poisonous and venomous animals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The use of live animals in instruction plays an important role in biological education, with the intention that attitudes and emotions should be positively influenced. To date, studies in this field have given mixed results, and there has certainly been a lack of studies on student attitudes and knowledge of poisonous and venomous animals. This study focuses on the effect of the use of poisonous and venomous animals in biology instruction. Two treatment groups of Slovenian seventh and eighth graders (N = 123; age 12.3 and 13.2 years, respectively) were compared. The experimental group (N = 82) was given the opportunity to observe with adequate risk assessment live animal species. The observation of live poisonous and venomous animals led to higher values on different attitudinal dimensions. After instruction, we found no differences between both treatment groups in knowledge. Interest in learning about the different poisonous and venomous animals increased significantly. The level of disgust decreased for the viper, spider, and scorpion. However, 'fear' seems to be more stable and less influenceable than 'disgust'. We recommend that students should be offered as many first-hand experiences with live poisonous and venomous animals as possible mainly through informal learning environments, such as zoos.
Study on Infection and Drug Resistance to Antibiotics in Vitro of Ureaplasma urealyticum,Mycoplasma Hominis and Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients with Non-Gonococcal Urethritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh)and Chlalnydia trachomatis(CT),and to analysis the drug resistance to 9 antibiotics of Mh and Uu,to determine the most suitable treatment strategy.Methods CT in genitourinary tract of 353 NGU patients was detected by kit of Chemtru TM .Uu and Mh in genitourinary tract was detected by kit of IST.Results In 353 tested samples,37.4 % were Mycoplasma and Chlamydia positive.In 134 virility tested samples,23.9 % were Mycoplasma and Chlamydia positive.In 219 female tested samples,45.7 % were Mycoplasma and Chlamydia positive.In 134 virility tested samples,48.0 % were Uu≥10 4 cfu/ml,30.0 % were Mh≥10 4 cfu/ml;In 219 female tested samples,48.6 % were Uu≥10 4 cfu/ml,31.0 % were Mh≥10 4 cfu/ml.The drug resistance of Mycoplasma to Minocycline and Doxycycline was very low,which of Mycoplasma to other antibiotics was different.Conclusion In genitourinary tract,Mycoplasma infections is taller than Chlamydia infections.Resistance monitoring of Mycoplasma periodically has important significance in clinical drug treatment.