jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ratooning as a management strategy for lodged or drought‐damaged rice crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants have the ability to develop ratoon tillers if the terminal growing point is lost, such as when the panicle has been aborted, matured, or harvested. We examined postharvest and midseason ratooning as management strategies for damaged rice crops, both in irrigated and rainfed conditions. Genotypic variation was observed in terms of postharvest ratoon tillering, midseason ratoon crop growth after lodging, and midseason ratoon crop growth after drought stress. The genotypic variation in postharvest ratoon tillering was related to stem carbohydrate levels at the time of main crop harvest and was affected by soil moisture levels at the time of main crop harvest. Drought‐tolerant varieties did not consistently show improved ratoon crop growth. After lodging, cutting stems at a height of 30 cm produced the highest numbers of ratoon tillers, and the contribution of the ratoon crop to the total harvestable grain yield was highest when the ratoon crop was initiated at earlier growth stages. The highest ratoon grain yields recovered from lodged crops ranged up to 3.58 t ha −1 . Total grain yield after drought was improved by trimming the leaves and panicles only in certain conditions and did not appear to be correlated with stem carbohydrate levels. These results suggest that management strategies may be recommended to farmers that exploit the ratooning ability of rice for improved recovery after midseason crop damage.
Effects of α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on testosterone-induced regeneration of prostate and seminal vesicle in castrated rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. Castration of adult rats markedly decreases the amounts of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and of RNA and DNA in the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicle. 2. Daily injections of testosterone propionate to rats castrated 7 days previously increase polyamine and nucleic acid contents more rapidly in the seminal vesicle than in the ventral prostate. 3. After 7 days of androgen treatment, polyamine and nucleic acid contents of the seminal vesicle are significantly higher than those of intact animals. Nucleic acid, but not polyamine, contents return to normal values during the next 4 days of continued treatment. In the prostate, androgen treatment increases polyamine and nucleic acid contents to, but not above, normal values. 4. Repeated doses of α-difluoromethylornithine, a potent enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, totally blocked the testosterone-induced increase of putrescine and spermidine in the ventral prostate and of putrescine in the seminal vesicle. They slowed significantly the accumulation of spermine in the ventral prostate and of spermidine in the seminal vesicle. α-Difluoromethylornithine also retarded the testosterone-induced accumulation of RNA in the ventral prostate. However, no clear correlation was apparent between accumulation of polyamines and of nucleic acids in the two organs. 5. α-Difluoromethylornithine markedly slows the testosterone-induced weight gain of the prostate, but not of the seminal vesicle. Cytological studies suggest that this effect on the prostate is due to inhibition of the androgen-induced restoration of the secretion content of prostatic acini.
PREOPERATIVE NUTRITION STATUS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN ELDERLY GENERAL SURGERY PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Poor nutrition status is considered a risk factor for postoperative complications in the adult population. In elderly patients, who often have a poor nutrition status, this relationship has not been substantiated. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the merit of preoperative nutrition parameters used to predict postoperative outcome in elderly patients undergoing general surgery. Methods: A systematic literature search of 10 consecutive years, 1998–2019, in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed. Search terms used were nutrition status, preoperative assessment, postoperative outcome, and surgery (hip or general), including their synonyms and MeSH terms. Limits used in the search were human studies, published in English, and age (65 years or older). Articles were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. All selected articles were checked on methodology and graded. Results: Of 463 articles found, 15 were included. They showed profound heterogeneity in the parameters used for preoperative nutrition status and postoperative outcome. The only significant preoperative predictors of postoperative outcome in elderly general surgery patients were serum albumin and ≥10% weight loss in the previous 6 months. Conclusions: This systematic review revealed only 2 preoperative parameters to predict postoperative outcome in elderly general surgery patients: weight loss and serum albumin. Both are open to discussion in their use as a preoperative nutrition parameter. Nonetheless, serum albumin seems a reliable preoperative parameter to identify a patient at risk for nutrition deterioration and related complicated postoperative course. Keywords: preoperative status; preoperative assessment; postoperative outcome; nutrition status, elderly; surgery
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ASPIRIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atherothrombosis is a complication of ischemic heart disease, and it leads to development of acute coronary syndrome. Atherothrombosis is characterized by sudden destruction of atherosclerotic plaque, which results into platelets activation and thrombus formation. Aspirin - one of the most widely used antiaggregate drugs, prevents development of the recurring myocardium infarction, stroke, sudden coronary death. But in number of patients aspirin is not efficient. Development of repeated thrombotic complications with aspirin therapy or resistance to aspirin is independent predictor of high coronary risk. There are controversial data about aspirin resistance incidence, which varies from 5 to 48%. Possible reasons for this are discussed: low compliance with treatment, peculiarities of functional condition of platelets, genetically given variability of platelet receptors etc. Different methods, based on estimation of platelets activity are proposed to assess the possibility of repeated thrombotic complications, caused by resistance to aspirin. Further researches including valid number of patients are needed to assess incidence of aspirin resistance and to reveal mechanisms of its development.
Comparison of Maxwell-Stefan and CFD Approximation Equations for PEMFC Applications

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work examines the accuracy of using the approximated multi-component (AMC) with a correction term as used in common Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. This comparison is important because the structure of CFD programs does not permit the direct use of the more commonly used Maxwell-Stefan form of multicomponent equations. A comparison of species concentration in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) computed by using the Maxwell-Stefan and the corrected AMC models is presented. It is shown that the corrected form of the AMC model can produce accurate results as compared to the Maxwell-Stefan model.
Educating activity of Oleksandr Kolosok in Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the article is to cover the teaching activities of Oleksandr Kolosok at the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts and to reveal its influence on the formation and development of higher choreographic education in Ukraine. Methodology. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical levels are used: analysis and generalization of scientific and theoretical bases of research, chronological method, interview method. Conclusions on the peculiarities of the pedagogical activity of O. P. Kolosоk are made on the basis of the analysis of the revealed complex of sources: pedagogical, methodical and creative achievements of the artist, own experience of communication with him, memories of colleagues and students. Scientific Novelty. The article covers for the first time the teaching activity of O. Kolosоk at the Department of Choreography (later the Department of Folk Choreography) at the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts; the teacher's work on the creation of the professional discipline "Ukrainian folk-stage dance" and the peculiarities of teaching the discipline "Art of the choreographer" are analyzed; materials of interviews with the teacher and his students and colleagues were put into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The teaching activity of Professor O. P. Kolosоk was aimed at the development of folk dance traditions in a harmonious and logical combination with the expressive means of academic choreographic art and the best achievements of the modern world performing culture. Thanks to his efforts, the discipline "Ukrainian folk-stage dance" was introduced into the system of training choreographers in the higher school of Ukraine, and today the teaching of choreographic art in higher education institutions is based on the methodological developments of folk dance theorists and practice O. Kolosоk. His work with students on mastering the art of choreography was multifaceted, and choreographer-director thinking reached deep sources of folk dance. Oleksandr Kolosok's many years of pedagogical activity were fruitful, and today many choreographers and choreographers, whom he nurtured, owe him their high professional level.
The Effect Tocopherol Ingestion the Aerobic Performance and Work Capacity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was done in order to observe the effects of α-tocopherol supplementation on the blood lipids, enzymes and the physical work capacity. Subjects(N=28), who were 14 college rugby athletes and 14 middle-aged males, were randomly assigned to four groups, AE(athlete experimental), AP(athlete placebo), Me(middle-aged experimental), and MP(middle-aged placebo). Each subject in experimental groups was ingested 1400 IU/day of d-α-tocopherol(HANOBAK R)during 12 weeks. The blood lipids, enzymes and the work capacity on ergometer were measured before and 4,8,12 week after the tocopherol ingestion. The results through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as follows; 1. The serum tocopherol was significantly increased in both experimental groups after 12 weeks comparing to the placebo groups(p0.05). 2. GOP, GPT, and LDH was not significantly changed throughout the experimental period comparing to the placebo groups. 3. Serum cholesterol was significantly decreased after 12 weeks in ME group, and HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased after 4 weeks in AE group and 12 weeks in ME group. On the other hand, serum triglyceride was not changed through the experimental period in every group. 4. In athletes(AE, AP), all items related to work capacity showed no significant differences between two groups while in middle-aged males, ME group showed better improvement in all out time, PWC 150 time, and Energy max then MP group. This result indicates that three month-ingestion of α-tocopherol helps, especially, middle-aged males improve the desirable CHD factors and heart rate and endurance in gradual maximal exercise.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Colorectal Cancer Survival in Southern Spain: A Multilevel Population-Based Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez,1– 3 Daniel Redondo-Sánchez,1,2 Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco,1,2,4 Yoe-Ling Chang-Chan,1,4 Elena Salamanca-Fernández,1,2 Olivier Núñez,2,5 Pablo Fernandez-Navarro,2,5 Marina Pollán,2,5 María-José Sánchez1,2,4,6 1Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Non-Communicable Disease and Cancer Epidemiology Group, ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; 2Biomedical Network Research Centers of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; 3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London, UK; 4Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; 5National Centre of Epidemiology, Health Institute Carlos III (CNE-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; 6Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, SpainCorrespondence: Miguel Angel Luque-FernandezAndalusian School of Public Health, Cuesta Del Observatorio, 4, Granada 18080, SpainEmail miguel-angel.luque@lshtm.ac.ukBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Spain. Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival are not documented in Spain. We aim to study the association of socioeconomic inequalities with overall mortality and survival among CRC patients in southern Spain.Methods: We conducted a multilevel population-based cohort study, including CRC cases for the period 2011– 2013. The study time-to-event outcome was death, and the primary exposure was CRC patients’ socioeconomic status assessed by the Spanish deprivation index at the census tract level. We used a mixed-effects flexible hazard model, including census tract as a random intercept, to derive overall survival estimates by deprivation.Results: Among 3589 CRC patients and 12,148 person-years at risk (pyr), 964 patients died before the end of the follow-up. Mortality by deprivation showed the highest mortality rate for the most deprived group (96.2 per 1000 pyr, 95% CI: 84.0– 110.2). After adjusting for sex, age, cancer stage, and the area of residence, the most deprived had a 60% higher excess mortality risk than the less deprived group (excess mortality risk ratio: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1– 2.3).Conclusions: We found a consistent association between deprivation and CRC excess mortality and survival. The reasons behind these inequalities need further investigation in order to improve equality cancer outcomes in all social groups.Keywords: socioeconomic inequalities, colorectal cancer, survival, population-based epidemiology, epidemiological methods, multilevel
3‐D Holographic video image forming by acousto‐optical method

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract— In this work, the principle of 3‐D holographic moving‐image reconstruction is considered, which is based on the acousto‐optical interaction effect. The excitation by a multi‐element system of transducers acoustical field represents, in fact, an electronically controlled “thick” optical hologram. The results of the numerical simulation of the image‐reconstruction process are presented. The advantages and shortcomings of the suggested method are discussed.
Software for automatic detection and monitoring of fluorescent lesions in mice

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Detection and monitoring of fluorescent lesions in mice is usually performed manually with the help of image manipulation commercial software. The task is often daunting due to the huge amount of images and the degradation of the fluorescent signal over time. We have developed a software which aims at automatically detecting lesions based on a color analysis and segmentation of the images. The software provides tools that are used to assess the fluorescence decay rate over time using robust regression techniques.
Bangladeşte Bogra Dahi&#039;nin Kimyasal ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present experiment was conducted to assess the chemical and microbiological quality of dahi prepared at three selected areas (Bogra Sadar, Sherpur and Gabtoli) of Bogra district. Dahi samples were collected from the manufacturers of the individual dahi makers for analysis. From different dahi samples, significant difference was found in chemical status (percentage of acidity, fat, protein, total solids, ash and pH value) and microbiological status (Total viable count). No significant difference was found in case of Coliform count and Mould count. Mean acidity and pH value for Bogra Sadar, Sherpur and Gabtoli were 0.82 ± 0.04, 4.88 ± 0.20, 0.74 ± 0.06, 5.01 ± 0.48 and 0.93 ± 0.03, 4.25 ± 0.06 respectively. Fat (%) and total solids (%) were highest in Sherpur dahi (10.85 ± 0.83 and 40.73 ± 2.77 respectively). Average value of protein (%) and ash (%) of Bogra Sadar, Sherpur and Gabtoli were 4.58 ± 0.34, 0.809 ± 0.049; 5.13 ± 0.17, 0.980 ± 0.06 and 4.00 ± 0.36, 0.784 ± 0.06 respectively. Highest total viable count (log value) was recorded in Sherpur dahi (5.996 ± 0.05). Coliform and mould were present in all the samples but no yeast was found. From most of the nutritional parameters, it can be found that dahi samples prepared in Sherpur scored the highest. According to all nutritional points of view, it can be showed that dahi made at Bogra Sadar and Gabtoli was also good in quality.
Bioorthogonal “Labeling after Recognition” Affording an FRET-Based Luminescent Probe for Detecting and Imaging Caspase-3 via Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Bis-labeling with a luminescent energy donor/acceptor pair onto biological substrates affords probes which give FRET readouts for the detection of interaction partners. However, the covalently bound luminophores bring about steric hindrance and nonspecific interaction, which probably perturb the biological recognition. Herein, we designed a highly sensitive and specific "labeling after recognition" sensing approach, where luminophore labeling occurred after the biological recognition. Taking the cutting enzyme caspase-3 as an example, we demonstrated the detection of its catalytic activity in solution and apoptotic cells using the tetrapeptide motif Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) as the cleavable substrate, and an iridium(III) complex and a rhodamine derivative as the energy donor/acceptor pair. The DEVD tetrapeptide was modified with an azide and a GK-norbornylene groups at the amino and carboxyl terminuses, respectively, which allowed donor/acceptor bis-labeling via two independent catalysis-free bioorthogonal reactions. The phosphorescence lifetime of the iridium(III) complex was quenched upon bis-labeling owing to the intracellular FRET to the rhodamine derivative, and significantly elongated upon the peptide being catalytically cleaved by caspase-3. Interestingly, the sensitivity and efficiency of the lifetime responses were much higher in the "labeling after recognition" sensing approach. Molecular docking analysis showed that the steric hindrance and nonspecific interactions partially inhibited the biological recognition of the DEVD substrate by caspase-3. The imaging of the catalytic activity of caspase-3 in apoptotic cells was demonstrated via photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Lifetime analysis not only confirmed the occurrence of intracellular bioorthogonal bis-labeling and catalytic cleavage, but also showed the extent to which the two dynamic processes occurred.
Documentation: International Legal Human Rights Framework

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the ASEAN Charter of 2007 heralded an era of improved democracy, human rights protection and good governance in accordance with the rule of law, the reality on the ground tells a different story. While all of the trappings of a human rights mechanism are in place, the normative and protective capacity of the regime is ambiguous at best. The adoption of core international human rights treaties by ASEAN member states presents an ambiguous picture, one which reveals significant variations between the ten countries. The purported institutionalisation of international human rights standards since 2007 in the region via the creation of an ASEAN human rights mechanism in that year is betrayed by the poor condition of actual protection of human rights at the national and regional level. The article analyses the situation on the ground in light of the normative obligations and aspirations of the states.
Established Static Models of Spin Crossover

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Various models describing the stationary temperature‐induced phenomenon of spin crossover in metal complexes are briefly discussed. The emphasis is put on the usability of the presented models as tools for the quantitative interpretation of experimental data. The empirical approaches are first reviewed, which are usually called thermodynamic models or Ising‐like models depending on their macroscopic or microscopic representation. These form a suitable reference base for the other, more principal approaches that covers ligand field models, elasticity models and vibronic models for which interpretation of the ad hoc parameters is offered and eventually new consequences are appearing. Finally, insight into Monte Carlo modelling is presented, which appears as a perspective for theoretical analysis of spin transition.
CREDIT WHERE CREDIT’S DUE: GUIDELINES ON AUTHORSHIP

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The thorny issue of inappropriate authorship is a well recognized problem in research (Epstein, 1993). Recent editorials and articles in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), Lancet and Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) have raised its profile amongst our medical colleagues. The current authors feel that clinical psychologists, nurses and other mental health professionals need to be more aware of the complexities of the area. Hence this paper intends to clarify the major concerns regarding proper accreditation and gives some recommendations and guidelines.
Reproduction of wild-caught and laboratory-born marmoset species used in biomedical research (Saguinus sp, Callithrix jacchus).

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Reproductive performances of wild-caught and laboratory-born marmosets maintained in a paired-cage system were summarized. Wild-caught, white-lipped (WL) marmosets (Saguinus fuscicollis, S nigricollis) averaged 2.6 live births per pair per yr compared with 1.6 for cotton-topped (CT) marmosets (S oedipus); S fuscicollis illigeri pairs were the best producers. Of first and second generation laboratory-born animals, crossbred or hybrid WL pairs were the best producers; first generation pairs averaged 2.7 live births per pair per yr, comparable to the production of wild-caught WL pairs. In contrast, laboratory-born Sf illigeri pairs produced only 0.8 live births per pair per yr. No significant differences in reproductive performance were observed between first generation outbred vs inbred and between parent-reared vs hand-reared pairs. Based on limited data, the reproductive capabilities of wild-caught and laboratory-born Callithrix jacchus appeared superior to both WL and CT marmosets. Ten examples of marmoset models in biomedical research were discussed briefly.
Chemopreventive Strategies for Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Current Status and Future Direction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A sustained and chronically-inflamed environment is characterized by the presence of heterogeneous inflammatory cellular components, including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. These infiltrated cells produce growth stimulating mediators (inflammatory cytokines and growth factors), chemotactic factors (chemokines) and genotoxic substances (reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide) and induce DNA damage and methylation. Therefore, chronic inflammation serves as an intrinsic niche for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this article, we summarize the up-to-date findings regarding definitive/possible causes and mechanisms of inflammation-related carcinogenesis derived from experimental and clinical studies. We also propose 10 strategies, as well as candidate agents for the prevention of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.