jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nowcasting economic activity with electronic payments data: A predictive modeling approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic activity nowcasting (i.e. making current-period estimates) is convenient because most traditional measures of economic activity come with substantial lags. We aim at nowcasting ISE, a short-term economic activity indicator in Colombia. Inputs are ISE’s lags and a dataset of payments made with electronic transfers and cheques among individuals, firms, and the central government. Under a predictive modeling approach, we employ a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous neural network model. Results suggest that our choice of inputs and predictive method enable us to nowcast economic activity with fair accuracy. Also, we validate that electronic payments data significantly reduces the nowcast error of a benchmark non-linear autoregressive neural network model. Nowcasting economic activity from electronic payment instruments data not only contributes to agents’ decision making and economic modeling, but also supports new research paths on how to use retail payments data for appending current models.
Study for the Thrust Force Prediction and Optimal Operation on a Human-Powered Hydrofoil

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A study was conducted on a human-powered hydrofoil that could move on the free water surface. This movement can be achieved when the hydrofoil is operated with pitching and plunging motion simultaneously. Hence, an investigation was conducted to find an appropriate thrust force and operation frequency for various operating conditions. The SD7003 airfoil was adopted for the hydrofoil, and the force on the hydrofoil was predicted using a computational analysis. The numerical algorithm was validated using an experimental result in literature. The thrust force and buoyancy force were obtained by the transient analysis. These forces were calculated to the periodic-averaged forces according to the different operation frequency. In an operation condition of 190,000 Reynolds number, the fast movement was obtained when the amplitude of angle of attack and Strouhal number were 5 degree and 0.6, respectively. For reducing movement speed, the amplitude of angle of attack should be increased.
Versatile Induction of Efficient Organic‐Based Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence via Al‐DMSO Matrices Encapsulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is still difficult to design efficient organic‐based room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Here a facile strategy is reported to tailor efficient RTP by encapsulating trace amount of aromatic‐acid‐based phosphors within crystalline solvento matrices [Al(DMSO) 6 ]X 3 (X − = Cl − or Br − , DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, (CH 3 ) 2 SO) in situ. The resultant single crystal complexes feature bright long‐lasting afterglows with maximum RTP peaks ranging from 430 to 580 nm and the best lifetime up to 1.9 s, as well as the highest yellow RTP quantum yield of 58.3%. The enhanced intersystem crossing and the suppression of nonradiation decay derived from the tight matrices are responsible for the appreciable RTP. White‐light emission is further realized in both prompt state and delayed state. In this case, data encryption and decryption applications are successfully performed by using these complexes. The design and construction strategy embodied here render this approach promising for the exploitation of versatile RTP species for specific applications.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Methods to Measure the Intracranial Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement, it is not without potential for serious complications. Noninvasive methods have been proposed as alternatives to invasive ICP monitoring. The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the currently available noninvasive methods for intracranial hypertension (ICH) monitoring. METHODS: We searched 5 databases for articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive methods in diagnosing ICH in PubMed, Institute of Science Index, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase. The quantitative analysis was conducted if there were at least 2 studies evaluating a specific method. The accuracy measures included the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS: We included 134 articles. Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) had high diagnostic accuracy (estimated sensitivity of 90%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87–92, estimated specificity of 88%; 95% CI, 84–91) while the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 77%; 95% CI, 64–87 and estimated specificity of 89%; 95% CI, 84–93, and computed tomography (CT) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 93%; 95% CI, 90–96 and estimated specificity of 79%; 95% CI, 56–92. All MRI signs had a very high estimated specificity ranging from 90% to 99% but a low estimated sensitivity except for sinus stenosis which had high estimated sensitivity as well as specificity (90%; 95% CI, 75–96 and 96%; 95% CI, 91–99, respectively). Among the physical examination signs, pupillary dilation had a high estimated specificity (86%; 95% CI, 76–93). Other diagnostic tests to be considered included pulsatility index, papilledema, transcranial Doppler, compression or absence of basal cisterns, and ≥10 mm midline shift. Setting the cutoff value of ICH to ≥20 mm Hg instead of values <20 mm Hg was associated with higher sensitivity. Moreover, if the delay between invasive and noninvasive methods was within 1 hour, the MRI ONSD and papilledema had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared to the >1 hour subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed several promising tools for diagnosing ICH. Moreover, we demonstrated that using multiple, readily available, noninvasive methods is better than depending on a single sign such as physical examination or CT alone.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors regulate TLR4-induced CXCL5 release from astrocytes and microglia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) are G protein-coupled and compose a family with five subtypes, S1P1R–S1P5R. The drug Gilenya ® (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) (Fingolimod; FTY720) targets S1PRs and was the first oral therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The phosphorylated form of FTY720 (pFTY720) binds S1PRs causing initial agonism, then subsequent receptor internalization and functional antagonism. Internalization of S1P1R attenuates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, limiting aberrant immune function in MS. pFTY720 also exerts direct actions on neurons and glial cells which express S1PRs. In this study, we investigated the regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokine release by S1PRs in enriched astrocytes and microglial cultures. Astrocytes and microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increases in C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), also known as LIX (lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine) expression were quantified. Results showed that pFTY720 attenuated LPS-induced CXCL5 (LIX) protein release from astrocytes, as did the S1P1R selective agonist, SEW2871. In addition, pFTY720 blocked messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcription of the chemokines, (i) CXCL5/LIX, (ii) C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) also known as interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) and (iii) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). Interestingly, inhibition of sphingosine kinase attenuated LPS-induced increases in mRNA levels of all three chemokines, suggesting that LPS-TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) signalling may enhance chemokine expression via S1P-S1PR transactivation. Lastly, these observations were not limited to astrocytes since we also found that pFTY720 attenuated LPS-induced release of CXCL5 from microglia. These data highlight a role for S1PR signalling in regulating the levels of chemokines in glial cells and support the notion that pFTY720 efficacy in multiple sclerosis may involve the direct modulation of astrocytes and microglia.
Unpacking Care Coordination Through a Multiteam System Lens

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The 2016 President’s Cancer Panel Connected Health report calls for thoroughly characterizing the team structures and processes involved in coordinating care for people with chronic conditions. We developed a multilevel care coordination framework by integrating existing frameworks from the teams and care coordination literatures, and used it to review evidence examining care coordination processes for patients with cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and combinations of these conditions. Methods: We searched Pubmed/MedLINE, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, PsycINFO (December 2009–June 2016), and references from previous reviews. Studies describing behavioral markers of coordination between ≥2 US health care providers caring for adults with cancer, chronic heart disease, diabetes, or populations with a combination of these conditions were included. Two investigators screened 4876 records and 180 full-text articles yielding 33 studies. One investigator abstracted data, a second checked abstractions for accuracy. Results: Most studies identified information sharing or monitoring as key coordination processes. To execute these processes, most studies used a designated role (eg, coordinator), objects and representations (eg, survivorship plans), plans and rules (eg, protocols), or routines (eg, meetings). Few examined the integrating conditions. None statistically examined coordination processes or integrating conditions as mediators of relationships between specific coordination mechanisms and patient outcomes. Limitations: Restricted to United States, English-language studies; heterogeneity in methods and outcomes. Conclusions: Limited research unpacks relationships between care coordination mechanisms, coordination processes, integrating conditions, and patient outcomes suggested by existing theory. The proposed framework offers an organizer for examining behaviors and conditions underlying effective care coordination.
Transarterial chemoembolization combined with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells therapy for primary liver cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) therapy combined with autologous cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells adoptive immunotherapy for primary hepatic carcinoma(HCC). Methods: Thirty-eight HCC patients were designated to observational group(20 cases undergoing TACE plus CIK cells treatment) and control group(18 cases undergoing TACE only).The quality of life(QOF),immunity function alterations,progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) between the two groups after operation were compared. Results: The improvement rate of QOL in observational group was significantly higher than that in control group after operation(P0.05).Compared with the status before operation,the percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly increased while the percentage of CD8+ cells was significantly decreased after operation in observational group(all P0.05),but these indices showed no obvious difference in control group(all P0.05).The average PFS and OS in observational group was 12 and 34 months,and in control group was 7 and 13 months respectively,and the differences between the two groups had statistical significance(both P0.05). Conclusion: The adjuvant CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy can increase the efficacy of TACE for HCC,and improve the patients' QOL.
Simple models for color changes in a finger during a fingerprint input action

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blood movement inside a finger causes color changes in a fingerprint image during a fingerprint input action. We consider models to relate this information to the stiffness of a collective blood vessel in a finger. In the simple resistor model, finger area is regarded as voltage and the color change was regarded as current. We define its resistance as the ratio of these two quantities according to Ohm's law. However, experiments show that this resistance value increases as the force applied to a finger increases. Second, we consider the variable resistor model to account for this force dependency. We assume that the driving force decreases the cross-section of the blood vessel and that stress and strain are related by Young's modulus. Experiments by six participants show reasonably good fittings for the extracted signals and the model's predictions. The correlation coefficient between the extracted parameter and the average blood pressures of the participants was 0.75.
Multi agent simulation of pedestrian behavior in closed spatial environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Agent-based simulations show their potential in many context of transport management in presence of unusual demand, such as airport passenger terminals, railway stations, urban pedestrian areas, public buildings, street events or open space exhibitions, where management or control by related authorities and public safety are strongly affected by spatial geometry and crowd behavior. We illustrate these ideas with an example based on the simulation of people visiting and evacuating a museum, which offers an excellent test environment for simulating a collective behavior emerging from local movements in a closed space. The model we apply is developed within a programmable modeling environment, NetLogo, designed for simulating time-evolution of complex systems. We verify the existing emergency plan for building evacuation, for different demand patterns such as visiting group size and inter-arrival times, and we compare it with alternative evacuation strategies looking for the optimal one. In this respect, we further demonstrate the effectiveness of agent-based simulations in finding emergent results difficult to be predicted.
Waiting for miracles: A socio-political reading of Muhammad Hanifs Our Lady of Alice Bhatti

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the world, states are expected to perform a significant function as the guarantor of law and order, economic opportunities, health services, education, etc. Whereas strong states fulfill most of these responsibilities, weak states struggle to develop and maintain a vibrant and functioning society in their polity. The text of Our lady of Alice Bhatti by Muhammad Hanif presents Pakistan as a weak state where citizens constantly struggle for survival and where they spend their lives one day at a time. There are varied parameters to judge the strength or weakness of a state. In this article, qualitative content analysis is used to frame data analysis. The text of Our lady of Alice Bhatti is analyzed according to the indicators provided by the model of Rice and Patrick to determine state stability. The textual analysis of the novel shows that it portrays the state of Pakistan as weak as it is unable to provide basic amenities of life to its people
COMPLICATION OF TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY PLUS LYMPH NODE GROUP VI DISSECTION IN PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although lymph-node metastases are common in papillary thyroid cancer, there is considerable debate concerning the use of routine prophylactic lymph-node group VI dissection for all patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. This study was identification the complications and the rate of recurrence of total thyroidectomy plus lymph node group VI dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 60 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. They underwent total thyroidectomy with or without lymph node group VI dissection. Evaluation of postoperative complications and early recurrence rate /distant metastasis after 2 years. Results: The incident of transient hypoparathyroidism in the grouptotal thyroidectomy with or without lymph node group VI dissection respectively 13.3% and 6.7%. Neck lymph node dissection group VI helps detect 40.9% of cases of metastatic lymph nodes clinically undetectable. Neck lymph node recurrence rate in patients with lymph node group VI dissection is lower than group without dissection (3.3% versus 23.3%). Conclusions: Lymph nodes group VIdissection in preventive treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma should be done. Key words: PTC, lymph-node group VI dissection
Are Non-R&D Innovation Activities Actually Effective for Innovation Sustainability? Empirical Study from Chinese High-Tech Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Compared with developed countries, the paper explores whether non-R&D innovation activities in China actually are effective and provides a guidance on how we can choose a sustainable innovation mode for non-R&D, especially considering the “threshold effect” of the heterogeneity of different regional innovation levels. The dynamic threshold panel models of the non-R&D (NRD) effect on the basis of the threshold of regional innovation level is constructed to verify the complex “threshold effect” characteristics between non-R&D and innovation performance. The empirical results are discussed according to the panel data for 30 provinces in China concerning the high-tech industry. Results argue that the mechanism of non-R&D innovation activities on innovation performance have a significantly different “threshold effect.” Interestingly, when the threshold of regional innovation keeps a low level, the negative effect of non-R&D innovation activities is much larger. When the threshold level of regional innovation increases, reaching the critical mass, the negative impact of non-R&D innovation activities on innovation performance becomes smaller. However, once the regional innovation level crosses the critical mass, the negative impact of non-R&D shows a significantly increasing tendency. Specifically, neither much higher nor much lower regional innovation level is conducive to the promoting effect of non-R&D activities. The negative impact of non-R&D on performance will decrease to the minimum only in the regions within the moderate threshold level (critical mass). The dynamic nonlinear mechanism between non-R&D activities and innovation performance is empirically studied to assist high-tech enterprises for innovation sustainability based on heterogeneity of different regional innovation levels.
On the Different Abilities of Cross-Sample Entropy and K-Nearest-Neighbor Cross-Unpredictability in Assessing Dynamic Cardiorespiratory and Cerebrovascular Interactions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Porta A, Bari V, Gelpi F, Cairo B, De Maria B, Tonon D, Rossato G, Faes L. On the Different Abilities of Cross-Sample Entropy and K-Nearest-Neighbor Cross-Unpredictability in Assessing Dynamic Cardiorespiratory and Cerebrovascular Interactions. Entropy (Basel). 2023 Apr 1;25(4):599. doi: 10.3390/e25040599. PMID: 37190390; PMCID: PMC10137562. Abstract Nonlinear markers of coupling strength are often utilized to typify cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular regulations. The computation of these indices requires techniques describing nonlinear interactions between respiration (R) and heart period (HP) and between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean cerebral blood velocity (MCBv). We compared two model-free methods for the assessment of dynamic HP-R and MCBv-MAP interactions, namely the cross-sample entropy (CSampEn) and k-nearest-neighbor cross-unpredictability (KNNCUP). Comparison was carried out first over simulations generated by linear and nonlinear unidirectional causal, bidirectional linear causal, and lag-zero linear noncausal models, and then over experimental data acquired from 19 subjects at supine rest during spontaneous breathing and controlled respiration at 10, 15, and 20 breaths·minute-1 as well as from 13 subjects at supine rest and during 60° head-up tilt. Linear markers were computed for comparison. We found that: (i) over simulations, CSampEn and KNNCUP exhibit different abilities in evaluating coupling strength; (ii) KNNCUP is more reliable than CSampEn when interactions occur according to a causal structure, while performances are similar in noncausal models; (iii) in healthy subjects, KNNCUP is more powerful in characterizing cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular variability interactions than CSampEn and linear markers. We recommend KNNCUP for quantifying cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular coupling.
Popularization of Maize (DHM 117) among the Small Farmers of Mahabubnagar District of Telangana Through Frontline Demonstration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 20 fields of farmers residing inMahabubnagar district of south zone of Telangana state were selected for the experimental study.The field studies were conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem to evaluate the production and economic benefits of maize (DHM 117) production by applying scientific technology.The crop cultivated during the kharif season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 (two consecutive years) and June to October was selected for testing and analyses.The fields of the farmers were located in the village of Chenchugudem, Gudibanda and Chakalpalyy. Extension gap, technology gap and technology index were calculated. On the basis of these technologies, improved production in the hybrid DHM 117ranged between 36 and 54 q/ha for 2012 (mean yield 44q/ha) and between 39 and 49 q/ha for 2013 (44 q/ha).However, for the local hybrid, the production ranged between 35 and 40 q/ha.Frontline demonstrations can promote new crops and technologies and improve their popularity.Such improvements in crop technology will help farmers in reducing yield gaps and will improve their knowledge, attitude and skill.
[A study on plasma allantoin in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current studies have reported that free radical molecules had anticipated intimately with the pathogenesis of some complications specific for a long term hemodialysis. Among substances generated by free radical reaction, methylguanidine (MG) had been well known as most popular parameter in hemodialyzed patient, but allantoin (Alt) had been reported to be generated from uric acid by hydroxyradical, too. In this study, we measured serum level of Alt in long term hemodialyzed patient and analysed in the comparison with serum level of sialic acid, MG, and MG/Cr value. Serum level of Alt in patients group varied from 2.6 to 105.9 nmol/ml, which was significantly higher as compared with exclusively undetectable level in normal volunteers (n = 15). Serum level of Alt in each patient showed a significant correlation with serum level of a sialic acid (r = 0.400 p < 0.02). Furthermore, although serum level of Alt failed to show a significant correlation with serum level of MG, but showed a significant correlation with MG/Cr value. (r = 0.485 p < 0.01). In addition, higher level could be found in patient group having higher serum level of MG or MG/Cr value. Based upon those results, we proposed that a measurement of serum level of Alt could be of value in detection of free radical reaction in long term hemodialyzed patient.