jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research Article A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study analyzes the rugae pattern in dentulous and edentulous patients and also evaluates the association of rugae pattern betweenmales and females.Aims and Objectives.This study aims to investigate rugae patterns in dentulous and edentulous patients of both sexes in South Indian population and to find whether palatoscopy is a useful tool in human identification. Materials and Methods. Four hundred outpatients from Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, were included in the study. The study groupwas equally divided between the sexes, whichwas further categorized into 100 dentulous and edentulous patients, respectively. Results. The edentulous male showed the highest mean of wavy pattern and total absence of circular pattern while the edentulous female group showed the highest mean of curved pattern and total absence of nonspecific pattern, while dentate population showed similar value as that of the overall population such as straight, wavy, and curved patterns. Conclusion. The present study concludes that there is similar rugae pattern of distribution betweenmale and female dentate population while there is varied pattern between
Neurotoxicological and Statistical Analyses of a Mixture of Five Organophosphorus Pesticides Using a Ray Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Environmental exposures generally involve chemical mixtures instead of single chemicals. Statistical models such as the fixedratio ray design, wherein the mixing ratio (proportions) of the chemicals is fixed across increasing mixture doses, allows for the detection and characterization of interactions among the chemicals. In this study, we tested for interaction(s) in a mixture of five organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, acephate, and malathion). The ratio of the five pesticides (full ray) reflected the relative dietary exposure estimates of the general population as projected by the US EPA Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM). A second mixture was tested using the same dose levels of all pesticides, but excluding malathion (reduced ray). The experimental approach first required characterization of dose-response curves for the individual OPs to build a dose-additivity model. A series of
Maternal Fever and Reduced Fetal Movement as Predictive Risk Factors for Adverse Neonatal Outcome in Cases of Congenital SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data from Case Reports and Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine risk factors for primary and secondary adverse neonatal outcomes in newborns with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data sources: PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from January 2020 to January 2022. Study eligibility criteria: newborns delivered after 24 weeks of gestation with confirmed/possible congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to standard classification criteria. Methods: Execution of the IPD analyses followed the PRISMA-IPD statement. Univariate non-parametric tests compared numerical data distributions. Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test determined categorical variables’ statistical significance. Multivariate logistic regression revealed risk factors for adverse neonatal outcome. Results: Maternal fever was associated with symptomatic congenital infection (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 1.33–15.57). Two-thirds of women that reported decreased fetal movements were diagnosed with IUFD (p-value = 0.001). Reduced fetal movement increased the risk of intrauterine fetal death by 7.84 times (p-value = 0.016, 95% CI: 2.23–27.5). The risk of stillbirth decreased with gestational age at the time of maternal infection (p-value < 0.05, OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.97). Conclusions: Maternal fever and perception of reduced fetal movement may be predictive risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in cases with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mechanism of substitution at a boron atom. Part III. The borderline between bimolecular and unimolecular substitution on tetrahedral boron halide adducts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Kinetic parameters for the reaction of dinitroaniline and dinitronaphthylamine with the acetonitrile adducts of boron trichloride and boron tribromide in acetonitrile have been obtained and compared with thermodynamic data on the dissociation energies of N–B and B–X bonds in the adducts. The bimolecular pattern of substitution is observed for chloride, but for bromide, the reaction is near to the borderline with unimolecular substitution, although still exhibiting a rate dependence on nucleophile. The thermodynamic data show that boron trichloride and boron tribromide are approximately equal in Lewis acid strength in acetonitrile as solvent and reference base, contrary to expectation.
Effects of Different Deacidification Methods on the Trans Fatty Acids in the Grape Oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grape seed oil with acid value of 15.12±0.016 mg KOH/g, was used as raw material, and the effects of chemical, physical and enzymatic deacidification on the content and kind of trans fatty acids in the grape seed oil were investigated. The changes of trans fatty acids content and acid value in different refined technologies were discussed. The acid values were reduced to 0.10±0.022 mg KOH/g, while the content of trans fatty acids increased by 0.31±0.0011% when chemical refined was employed. The optimal conditions of physical deacidification of the grape seed oil were deacidification temperature 240 ℃and time 8 h, under which the acid value of 0.13±0.018 mg KOH/g, and trans fatty acids content of 1.86% were obtained. The conditions of enzymatic esterification to deacidificate the grape seed oil were as follows: temperature 80 ℃, addition of glycerol 300% and enzyme 3% for 8 h. Under these conditions, the acid value declined to 2.36±0.026 mg KOH/g, while the content of trans fatty acids increased from 0.034±0.001% to 0.035±0.001%~0.041±0.0016%. Among the methods tested, the enzymatic esterification deacidification has the least influence on trans fatty acids content and followed by chemical refining.
Hematocolpos as a Result of Delayed Treatment of Acute Straddle Injury in an Adolescent Girl

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Accidental genital trauma is most commonly caused by straddle-type injuries and is usually treatable by nonoperative management, and most of the injuries have a good prognosis. When the bleeding occurred due to straddle injury in adolescent girl, experienced gynecological examination and treatment were very important. We experienced a case of straddle injury to the posterior fourchette that caused acute hematocolpos due to delayed adequate treatment with hypotension and acute abdomen in an adolescent girl. This case shows the importance of careful and accurate physical and gynecological examination and adequate and prompt treatment of genital trauma in adolescent girls.
KONDISI DAN POTENSI WISATA ALAM DI WILAYAH GUNUNG SAWAL KABUPATEN CIAMIS, JAWA BARAT Conditions and Potency of Ecotourism in Sawal Mountains Region Ciamis Regency, West Java

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of the research is to describe the condition and the potency of ecotourism surrounding Sawal Mountain Sanctuary (SMGS) forest. The research was conducted on January 2008 at Sanding Taman village, Panjalu sub district, Pasir Tamiang village Cihaurbeuti sub district and Darmacaang village Cikoneng sub district. The respondents consisted of 76 tourists and 48 communities who were selected purposively, took census to 22 traders. Data were collected by interview using questionnaires and by observation. Collected data were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative descriptive. The result showed that the infrastructures which supported all studied objects were very limited. Tourism attractions proposed still origin, less artificial additions, such as natural scenery (water fall and forest), champing, clean and fresh air, and swimming. The visitors were dominated by young, small families and foreigners. Each year, the three tourism objects were estimated earned 3,016,000 IDR, 27,300,000 IDR and 2,880,000 IDR for Curug Tilu, Curug Tujuh and Batu Cakra respectively. These financial values could be increased if the three tourism objects were managed well. One of the urgent efforts has to be considered was deciding the form of management and who will manage for.\n\nKeywords: Sawal Mountain Sanctuary (SMGS), ecotourism, tourist characteristic, financial value.
Kapconstructies uit de 18de eeuw: stilstand of vernieuwing?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In relation to the architecture of façades, in the 18th century the roof got a less striking, even secondary position in comparison with the high ornamental roof still in vogue in the 17th century. This was expressed in a reduction in height by dividing the span into two or more roof points. In order to give a terraced house more prestige an extra floor was added at the front side of the house with a shallow transverse roof, also called 'liar'. The asymmetrical section of the design of J. Giudici for the town hall in Groningen (1775) may be called a variation on this approach. The need to roof over a large span of a limited height led to the king post roof truss used in the Netherlands in the second half of the 17th century. The principle of a central motice and tenon joint, as used between king post and tie-beam, with wrought iron connections was already known in the late Middle Ages. In those days, however, it still concerned tall, high-pitched roofs which went out of fashion in the 18th century, just as the stacked trestles called ‘broken trusses' in the 18th century. To what extent did architectonic fashion, commissioner or architect determine the external appearance and thus frequently the internal layout of the roof? This change, or, if you like, various executions in the four stages of one single project assignment, can be strikingly illustrated in the early 18th century on the basis of the design drawings for Le chateau de Lunéville. The French court architect Germain Boffrand (1667-1754) initially made a design with high-pitched roofs, 'projet 1 à hautes toitures' in which simple rafters with top bracing are to be seen. Within a relatively short period (1708-09) this changed into the seemingly roofless variation ‘projet 3 avec les longes ailes'. Under the low, sometimes flat roofs only king post roof trusses were then to be seen. In greater detail, the 18th century roofs in the Netherlands are characterized by the use of pinewood purlin rafters of which the principal rafters continue from wall plate to ridge. Unlike in the 17th century, (cut) assembly marks were usually omitted. In simple form these roofs may have been constructed with ashlar posts, sometimes unbroken tie-beams, top bracing and spur-ties in which iron connections were increasingly used.
Impacts of Rail Technology in 21st Century U.S. Cities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This presentation analyzes the impact of transit technologies on the urban environment and evaluates land use, station design, and transit costs as a means of projecting the best options for intermodal stations and transit-oriented developments. Several commuter rail, AMTRAK, and freight rail corridors may be used in the future to accommodate heavy, light and/or high-speed rail systems in the United States. Diesel/electric locomotives, which populate urban rail corridors, have heavy load requirements and are industrial and/or utilitarian in appearance. However, diesel multiple units (DMUs) with lighter weight, increased fuel efficiency, ease of accessibility, additional capacity, enhanced performance and lower costs are competing for their market share. Currently, monorails, people movers, and streetcars - along with the traditional light and heavy rail systems - have public acceptance to enrich the urban environments surrounding the existing corridors, and enhance commuter experience. Many cities, however, are at a crossroads regarding transitioning from an automobile culture to a rail culture. Therefore, local cities willingly embrace opportunities for better environments.
Closer to the people: A comparative content analysis of populist communication on social networking sites in pre- and post-Election periods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A comparative content analysis explores stylistic and contextual factors that resonate with populist communication on social networking sites (SNSs). Advancing the field, we investigate differences in politicians’ use of populist communication in pre- and post-election periods by analyzing a comprehensive sample of Facebook posts and tweets (N = 1,010) of the leading candidates in the 2017 national parliamentary elections in Austria and the Netherlands. We identify important stylistic elements that resonate with populist political communication such as negative emotions or an us-versus-them rhetoric. Our findings further suggest that although populist communication is more prevalent in the SNS communication of right-wing and left-wing populist parties, political actors across all parties are more likely to use populist communication before than after elections. In line with recent conceptualizations, we argue that populism can be understood as a framework of communication with measurable sub frames, which can be expressed by different political actors with different goals. Understanding populism as a discursive framework of communication can ultimately help to reconcile existing divergent conceptualizations of populism.
Enhancing Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Epoxy Composites with Ultrasonication Exfoliated MoS2: Impact of Low Filler Loading on Wear Performance and Tribofilm Formation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study highlights the impact of low amounts of MoS2 quantities on composite performance by examining the effects of ultrasonication exfoliated MoS2 at different loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) on the mechanical and tribological parameters of epoxy composites. Even at low concentrations, the ultrasonication and exfoliation procedures greatly improve the dispersion of MoS2 in the epoxy matrix, enabling its efficient incorporation into the tribofilm during sliding. Optimum mechanical properties were demonstrated by the MoS2/epoxy composite at 0.3 wt%, including a modulus of elasticity of 0.86 GPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 61.88 MPa, and a hardness of 88.0 Shore D, representing improvements of 61.5%, 35.45%, and 16.21%, respectively. Corresponding tribological tests revealed that high sliding velocity (10 N load, 0.2 m/s) resulted in a 44.07% reduction in the coefficient of friction and an 86.29% reduction in wear rate compared to neat epoxy. The enhanced tribological performance is attributed to the efficient removal and incorporation of MoS2 into the tribofilm, where it acts as a solid lubricant that significantly reduces friction and wear. Even though an ultra-low amount of filler concentration was added to the composite, a unique finding was the high MoS2 content in the tribofilm at higher sliding speeds, enhancing lubrication and wear protection. This study establishes that even ultralow MoS2 content, when uniformly dispersed, can profoundly improve the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites, offering a novel approach to enhancing wear resistance.
Hyperprolactinaemia as an adverse effect in regulatory and clinical toxicology: role in breast and prostate cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Historically, hyperprolactinaemia has been considered of low toxicological relevance when detected in toxicity studies, and even mammary carcinogenesis induced in the rat by prolactin excess has been considered of no relevance to humans. However, recent findings from human epidemiology and molecular biology suggests that prolactin is a risk factor for human breast cancer, and probably prostate cancer. Therefore, this new evidence should be considered in the various decisions to develop and license a new drug or chemical if the compound causes hyperprolactinaemia. This emerging evidence suggests that prolactin can also be produced locally from human breast cancer cells, and that, regardless of source (ie, pituitary or autocrine/paracrine production from cancer cells), prolactin is mitogenic, stimulates proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in breast and prostate cancer cells. This review outlines the evidence that hyperprolactinaemia should be considered a toxicological adverse effect and concludes that prolactin-induced rodent mammary carcinogenesis is relevant to humans and is not species-specific. The effects of prolactin on the prostate gland are also discussed; hyperprolactinaemia may be an additional risk factor for prostate cancer and this also requires consideration in toxicological risk assessments. The implications of increased prolactin secretion as an adverse effect for regulatory toxicology of drugs and chemicals, and in high risk patients receiving therapeutic drugs with hyperprolactinaemic side effects, is discussed. Alteration of prolactin level is also a novel mechanism that requires consideration in endocrine disruption research, since both endogenous oestrogens and also xenoestrogens stimulate prolactin secretion or affect prolactin receptors.
Disc Wheel Hub/Spoke Wheel and Axle Interface Dimensions - Truck and Bus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for hubs and spoke wheels used on Class 6, 7, and 8 truck/truck-tractor non-powered front axles, powered and non-powered rear axles and trailer axles, for which bearing setting is manually adjusted. Assemblies using spacers to control bearing preload and endplay may differ in geometry and bearing componentry.</div> </div>
Theoretical Foundations of h-Rough Sets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a pioneering advancement in rough set theory by presenting a new class of rough sets termed h-rough sets. Central to this novel approach are the concepts of h-lower and h-upper approximations, intricately tied to the notion of h-open sets. We delve into the fundamental properties of h-rough sets and establish the framework of h-approximation spaces,offering a comprehensive understanding of their theoretical underpinnings. Moreover, we introduce and rigorously analyze the concepts of h-rough equality and h-rough inclusion, providing formal definitions and insightful examinations of their implications in data approximation tasks. Through detailed examples and thorough exploration, this paper showcases how h-rough sets extend rough set theory, offering more flexible and precise techniques for data approximation. This study not only contributes to the theoretical development of rough set theory but also opens up exciting possibilities for practical applications across various domains.
Articles Electron-Transfer Events Leading to Reconstitution of Oxygen-Evolution Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: O,-evolution activity and the Mn complex can be reconstituted in photosystem I1 by a process called photoactivation. We have studied the elementary steps in photoactivation by using electron para-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe electron transport in Mn-depleted photosystem I1 membranes. The electron donation reactions in Mn-depleted photosystem I1 were found to be identical with those in untreated photosystem 11, except that electron donation from the M n complex was absent and could be replaced by slower electron donation from exogenous Mn2+. Mn2+ photooxidation by Mn-depleted pho-tosystem I1 membranes correlates with reconstitution of 0,-evolution activity. However, photooxidation of Mn2+ occurs in competition with photooxidation of the tyrosine residue YD, and cytochrome b-559. Thus, these two species are excluded from direct participation in the initial steps in the assembly of the Mn complex. Because photooxidation of Mn2+ is slower than photooxidation of the competing electron donors, cytochrome b-559 and chlorophyll, as well as recombination of the charge-separated states chlorophyll+QA- or YZ&apos;QA-, these other reactions dominate in a single photochemical turnover reaction. This provides a molecular basis for both the low yield and low quantum yield of photoactivation. The first photochemical step in the assembly of the Mn complex results in photooxidation of one Mn2+ ion. Therefore, the first intermediate in assembly of the Mn complex contains Mn3+. On the basis of these results and previous kinetic studies [Miller, A.-F.,
The Preliminary Studies on the Adaptability of 9 Newly Introduced Cassava Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out on 9 newly introduced cassava cultivars to study their adaptability. The results showed that all the 9 introduced species obviously exceeded the CK in wind, cold and disease resistances. The yields of GR911 and BRA12 were 8.2% and 9.7% higher than the CK. The starch content and the dry yield of them were equal to the CK. The yield of the CK was higher than the other 7 species.
Improved dewaterability of sewage sludge by Fe(II)‐activated persulfate oxidation combined with polymers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The combination of Fe(II)‐activated persulfate oxidation with polymers potentially applied to enhance sludge dewaterability was investigated in this work. The experiments mainly concentrated on their efficacies and the optimization of the major operational parameters. The results showed that the combination was efficient, especially when polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and chitosan were used as polymers. The optimal conditions of this process under experimental conditions were at = 50 mg/g (dry solids), = 125 mg/g, reaction time = 20 min, PAC = 125 mg/g and chitosan = 100 mg/g, under which the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) with a reduction efficiency of 94.87% was achieved.
Papillary Fibroelastoma of the Pulmonary Valve – A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pulmonary valve is the least affected site for valvular papillary fibroelastoma. With increasing use of routine echocardiography and other modalities of imaging, pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastomas ( PVPFE ) are being recognized more frequently. PVPFE is more often an incidental diagnosis and symptomatic patients usually present with shortness of breath. Embolic phenomena and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction are the most serious complications of PVPFE . Since PVPFE is rare, the purpose of this systematic review is to address demographic characteristics, the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of this benign tumor of the pulmonary valve.