jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Re-Linking Fertility Behavior and Economic Security in Old Age: A Pronatalist Reform

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This note discusses the case for and outlines the broad contours of an institutional innovation that developed countries might wish to consider if they are confronted with the prospect of sustained below-replacement level fertility. The proposed institutional reform stays within the frame of reference of the armamentarium of pronatalist policies now applied or contemplated in highly developed countries with below-replacement fertility insofar as it relies upon harnessing material incentives to induce an increase in aggregate parental propensity to have children. The reform however breaks away from the focus of the familiar pronatalist policy package on modifying the current or near-term economic status of families. Its objective instead is to reestablish the direct relationship that existed between individual fertility behavior and individual prospects for old-age economic security before modern economic advances and concomitant cultural changes decisively weakened that linkage. To achieve that objective the reform would earmark a socially agreed-upon fraction of the compulsory contribution from earnings that flows into the common pool from which pay-as-you-go national social security schemes are now financed and transfer that fraction to individual contributors live parents as an additional entitlement. The rules governing the distribution of receipts from the common pool would not be affected by this transfer.
Study of the vortex dynamics in a mechanical model of the vocal folds using Particle-Image Velocimetry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract At the beginning of a phonation cycle the glottis is closed and the vocal folds are stretched. Air pressure builds up in the trachea against the folds until these no longer can withstand the force and allow air to pass between (see Fig. 2). The consequential decrease of sub- and transglottal pressure as well as the elastic restoring force of the vocal folds cause the anew closure of the glottis. The pressure is built-up in the trachea once more and the phonation cycle is repeated, so that on the whole the vocal folds carry out a self-sustained periodic oscillation. In Fig. 2 (right) it is indicated that the glottis converts from a fully convergent duct in the opening phase (2-3) over a brief parallel phase (4) into a divergent duct in the closing phase (5-6). As a consequence the separation point of the emerging free jet is in constant move. Furthermore within the divergent phases of the glottis the free
Steroidal Constituents from the Soft Coral Sinularia dissecta and Their Inhibitory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam *E-mail: namnguyenhoai@imbc.vast.vn College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. *E-mail: yhk@cnu.ac.kr School of Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program, and Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea Received October 14, 2012, Accepted December 5, 2012
FTI-277 and GGTI-289 induce apoptosis via inhibition of the Ras/ERK and Ras/mTOR pathway in head and neck carcinoma HEp-2 and HSC-3 cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

FTI-277 and GGTI-287 may be useful as potential therapeutic agents for treating HNSCC patients; moreover, farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyltransferase 1 inhibitors can be further developed as anticancer agents.
KMT Set7/9 affects genotoxic stress response via the Mdm2 axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genotoxic stress inflicted by anti-cancer drugs causes DNA breaks and genome instability. DNA double strand breaks induced by irradiation or pharmacological inhibition of Topoisomerase II activate ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated) kinase signalling pathway that in turn triggers cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. ATM-dependent gamma-phosphorylation of histone H2Ax and other histone modifications, including ubiquitnylation, promote exchange of histones and recruitment of DNA damage response (DDR) and repair proteins. Signal transduction pathways, besides DDR itself, also control expression of genes whose products cause cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis thus ultimately affecting the sensitivity of cells to genotoxic stress. In this study, using a number of experimental approaches we provide evidence that lysine-specific methyltransferase (KMT) Set7/9 affects DDR and DNA repair, at least in part, by regulating the expression of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, Mdm2. Furthermore, we show that Set7/9 physically interacts with Mdm2. Several cancer cell lines with inverse expression of Set7/9 and Mdm2 displayed diminished survival in response to genotoxic stress. These findings are signified by our bioinformatics studies suggesting that the unleashed expression of Mdm2 in cancer patients with diminished expression of Set7/9 is associated with poor survival outcome.
The sequence and de novo assembly of the wild yak genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, we sequenced and de novo assembled its genome. A total of six different insert-size libraries were sequenced and generated 662 Gb of clean data in total. The assembled wild yak genome is 2.83 Gb in length, with an N50 contig size of 63.2 kb and a scaffold size of 16.3 Mb. BUSCO assessment indicated that 93.8% of the highly conserved mammal genes were completely present in the genome assembly. Annotation of the wild yak genome assembly identified 1.41 Gb (49.65%) of repetitive sequences and a total of 22,910 protein-coding genes, among these genes, 20,660 (90.18%) are annotated with functional terms.
High dose dipyridamole as a pharmacological stress test during cardiac catheterisation in patients with coronary artery disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To validate dipyridamole as a pharmacological stress test during cardiac catheterisation, allowing both functional and morphological estimation of stenosis severity. METHODS: The study encompassed 74 patients: 62 patients with significant coronary artery disease (age 61 (SD 8) years; seven women, 55 men) and 12 controls. Regional wall motion, left ventricular ejection fraction and end diastolic pressure were analysed in the resting state and after high dose intravenous dipyridamole. Patients were subdivided into four groups: group I (n = 32, 43%) had stopped all anti-ischaemic treatment for > 24 h, group II (n = 14, 19%) was under treatment, group III (n = 16, 22%) had significant coronary artery disease only in regions with regional wall motion abnormalities at rest, and group IV consisted of 12 control patients (16%) with no significant coronary artery disease (age 62 (8) years, three women, nine men). RESULTS: The sensitivity of dipyridamole testing in patients with coronary artery disease was poor. The best sensitivity was obtained with regional wall motion analysis (26/62 = 42%) and with global left ventricular ejection fraction (25/62 = 40%). Specificity was 100% for regional wall motion and 100% for ejection fraction. Calculated positive and negative predictive values for regional wall motion were 100% and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although safe, handy, and inexpensive, dipyridamole is not an adequate pharmacological stress test during cardiac catheterisation because of its low sensitivity.
Cloning and expression of a chitinase gene from Aeromonas hydrophila in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An extracellular secreted chitinase gene from Aeromonas hydrophila was cloned in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was detected in the culture medium. Like the natural chitinase protein, the excreted chitinase had a molecular weight of approximately 85,000 and was subject to catabolite repression by glucose.
A NEW GENERALIZEDCONCEPT FOR THE DESIGNOF THYRISTORPHASE-CONTROLLED VArCOMPENSATORS PART II:TRANSIENTPERFORMANCE R.M.MATHUR, SeniorMember Dept.ofElectrical Engineering University ofManitoba

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thispartofthepaperanalyzes theperformance of thyristor valves underanassumed overvoltage situation. It showsthatthenewdesigns canresult ina saving inthe thyristor valve cost. Thepaper also discusses theimportance of various factors whichmustbe included inthedesign optimization. Finally an efficient modelforstatic compensators isproposed forpowersystems loadflowand transient stability digital simulation.
Outcome of Isolated Eccentric Exercise Therapy in Sports Persons with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of an isolated eccentric exercise (EE) program in sports persons with rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy.Materials and methods: This prospective study enrolled 40 sports persons with a mean age of 26.4 years having shoulder pain with confirmed RC tendinopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presenting to the sports injury care center, who were managed with isolated eccentric therapy and stretching exercises.These were managed by routine stretching exercises along with isolated eccentric home-based therapy for 3 months.Functional outcomes were measured as Constant-Murley score (CMS) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score while pain was measured as visual analog scale (VAS) score considered as primary outcomes.Other outcomes were measured as secondary outcomes including a range of movements of the shoulder and isometric abduction strength at 45° in the scapular plane by manual hand dynamometer [handheld dynamometer (HHD)] and shoulder range of motion (ROM) (forward elevation, abduction, and external rotation).All the parameters were evaluated at serial intervals including at presentation and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up visits.Results: With respect to the decline in VAS ratings and DASH score, as well as the large increase in the CMS, there was a considerable improvement in pain and functional results.Mild degression of functional parameters was observed between 3 and 6 months but insignificant biostatistically.Overall muscle strength was improved significantly at the final follow-up than the first presentation.Conclusion: Isolated EE therapy along with stretching is effective in the treatment of sports persons with RC tendinopathy.
Effect of frequency-doubling pulse Nd:YAG laser on microbial mutation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We are going to report the mutagenic effect of frequency-doubling pulse Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) on microbe. After irradiation with pulse laser, mutants of abscisic acid producing strains and erythromycin producing strains were obtained, one of which could produce 62.1% and 57% more products than control, respectively. In the study of mutagenization of Spirulina platensis caused by pulse laser, we selected a high photosynthetic strains, with improved productivity of protein and exocellular ploysaccharides of 12% and 246%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that frequency-doubling pulse laser (532 nm) is a potential new type of physical mutagenic factor.
sj-pdf-1-pus-10.1177_09636625211056871 – Supplemental material for Science-related populism declining during the COVID-19 pandemic: A panel survey of the Swiss population before and after the Coronavirus outbreak

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pus-10.1177_09636625211056871 for Science-related populism declining during the COVID-19 pandemic: A panel survey of the Swiss population before and after the Coronavirus outbreak by Niels G. Mede and Mike S. Schäfer in Public Understanding of Science
Andean giants: Priscula spiders from Ecuador, with notes on species groups and egg-sac troglomorphism (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Andean genus Priscula Simon, 1893 includes the largest Neotropical pholcid spiders, but due to their mostly cryptic lifestyle they remain poorly collected and poorly studied. Many species available in collections remain undescribed and nothing has been published about the phylogeny and the biology of the genus. Here, we deal with a recent collection of Priscula spiders from Ecuador, the country of origin of the type species, P. gularis Simon, 1893. We describe eight new species, collected at 17 localities at altitudes from 640–3160 m, all based on males and females: P. azuay sp. nov., P. llaviucu sp. nov., P. espejoi sp. nov., P. esmeraldas sp. nov., P. chapintza sp. nov., P. pastaza sp. nov., P. bonita sp. nov., and P. lumbaqui sp. nov. We use a sample of approximately 26 species-level taxa, mostly from Ecuador and Venezuela, to propose a first hypothesis about relationships within the genus. Our data (mainly CO1) suggest the existence of five species groups, three of which are represented in Ecuador. The cave-dwelling P. pastaza sp. nov. is only slightly troglomorphic (paler than usual; anterior median eyes strongly reduced or lost) but differs dramatically from forest-dwelling congeners in its biology: it hangs fully exposed in its web during the day; it produces egg sacs with only 6–7 eggs (average in 15 other species: 42 eggs); and it produces the largest eggs relative to body size of all studied species.
Overexpression of the MTA1 gene in gastrointestinal carcinomas: Correlation with invasion and metastasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mta1 gene is a recently identified novel candidate metastasis-associated gene. The deduced amino acid sequence contains an src homology-3 domain binding motif, a zinc finger motif and possible phosphorylation sites, suggesting that this gene is involved in signal transduction or regulation of gene expression. The purpose of our study was to examine the mRNA expression levels of the MTA1, the human homologue of the rat mta1 gene in colorectal and gastric carcinomas and thus to evaluate the relevance of the expression of this gene to human carcinoma progression. The expression of MTA1 mRNA in 36 colorectal and 34 gastric carcinoma samples was compared with that in corresponding normal mucosa tissues by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the results were compared with clinico-pathologic data. A relative overexpression of MTA1 mRNA (tumor/normal ratio ≥2) was observed in 14 of 36 (38.9%) colorectal carcinomas and 13 of 34 (38.2%) gastric carcinomas. Clinico-pathologic correlations demonstrated that in colorectal carcinomas, tumors overexpressing MTA1 mRNA exhibited a significantly deeper wall invasion and a higher rate of metastasis to lymph nodes, and tended to be at an advanced Dukes' stage with frequent lymphatic involvement. In gastric carcinomas, the tumors overexpressing MTA1 mRNA showed significantly higher rates of serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis and tended to have a higher rate of vascular involvement. Our data suggest that overexpression of the MTA1 gene correlates with tumor invasion and the presence of metastases and that a high expression of MTA1 mRNA may be a potential indicator for assessing the malignant potential of colorectal and gastric carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer 74:459–463, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Advanced modification of scandia‐stabilized zirconia electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells application—A review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are recognized as an energy generation device with high power density and energy conversion efficiency, low noise, low greenhouse gas emissions, positive environmental effect, and high fuel consumption versatility. Nevertheless, the high operating temperature of SOFCs has restricted the development in various applications due to challenges in material compatibility and working process. To address these issues, scandia‐stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolytes are commonly utilized to explore its potentials as a solid electrolyte toward lowering the operating temperature due to high conductivity properties at low‐to‐intermediate temperature conditions. Thus, this paper provides an advanced modification of ScSZ electrolytes in SOFCs toward lowering the operating temperature. This review presents the potential properties and the progress modification of ScSZ electrolyte including challenges, and advances, summary, and future perspectives in the low‐to‐intermediate operating temperature of SOFCs. This review can serve as a first reference for identifying specific parameters and prospective studies to enhance the properties of ScSZ electrolytes for the application of SOFCs. Based on the literature review, there are no previous review works that have been published on the modification of ScSZ electrolytes.
End-user Preference for and Understanding of Hurricane Forecast Graphs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hurricane forecast graphics have the challenging task of communicating information about spatio-temporal uncertainty. This study assesses the impact of graph literacy and graph format on user preference and understanding. In a laboratory setting, we compared user responses to official National Hurricane Center advisory maps and alternative visualizations. Results indicate that prior experience with a visualization drives preference and that graph literacy, visualization format, and tropical cyclone characteristics, in combination, influence interpretations of hurricane forecast track. The findings from this study are expected to inform redesign efforts of hurricane risk communication products.
Partnerships for Improving Health in Vulnerable Slums of Indore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

UHRC (formerly EHP) has been supporting implementation of an urban child health program in 75 slums of Indore through five Non Government Organizations-Community Based Organizations (NGO-CBO) consortia, since April 2003. This documents elaborates the lessons learned over first 20 months (May 2003- December 2004) from the program
Photoaffinity labeling of a protein kinase from bovine brain with 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

8-Azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-N3-cAMP) containing 32P has been used as a photoaffinity label specific for the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) binding site(s) present in a partially purified preparation of soluble protein kinase from bovine brain. 8-N3-cAMP and cAMP were found to compete for the same binding site(s) in this preparation, as determined by a standard filter assay. When this protein preparation was equilibrated with [32P]-8-N3-cAMP, and then irradiated at 253.7 nm, the incorporation of radioactivity was predominantly into a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 49,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. This labeled protein comigrated in the gel with the only protein which is endogenously phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP, a protein which has been shown to be the regulatory subunit of the protein kinase (H. Maeno, P. L. Reyes, T. Ueda, S. A. Rudolph, and P. Greengard (1974), Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 164, 551). The incorporation of [32P]-8-N3-cAMP into this protein was half-maximal at a concentration of 7 x 10(-8) M. In accordance with a proposed mechanism involving the formation of a highly reactive nitrene intermediate upon irradiation of the azide, the incorporation of radioactivity into protein was maximal within 10 min of irradiation, and was almost eliminated by preirradiation of the photolabile ligand. Moreover, this incorporation was virtually abolished by a 50-fold excess of cAMP, but not by AMP, ADP, ATP, or adenosine. We suggest that 8-N3-cAMP may prove to be a useful molecular probe of the cAMP-binding site in receptor proteins and report its use in conjunction with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a highly sensitive and selective radiochemical marker for cAMP-binding proteins.
[Applicability of the two-compartment coaxial cylindrical model for ambulatory measuring of cardiac output with spot-electrodes].

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The principle of ambulatory cardiac output (CO) measuring technique is introduced in this paper. Experimental studies about the applicability of the two-compartment coaxial cylindrical model for ambulatory measurement of cardiac output with spot-electrodes have been carried out with using our newly-developed multi-channel impedance mapping system. The key factors using a spot-electrode array instead of a conventional band-electrode array for non-invasive CO) measurement are elaborated. The variations of the electric impedance pulsatile component (deltaZ waveform) and the two kinds of typical modes of deltaZ distributions measured by six electrodes on the midsternal (midian) line from the medial portion at the level of clavicle to the portion above the xiphisternum are discussed. The applicability of the two-compartment coaxial cylindrical model for ambulatory measurement of CO with spot-electrodes is analyzed. Synthesizing the deltaZ distributions and their typical changing models on the midsternal (midian) line during blood inflowing into aorta is the optimal positions of a pair of spot-electrodes for voltage pick-up at the level of clavicle for the upper electrode and the position at the level of nipple for the lower electrode when spot-electrode is being used to measure non-invasive CO.
Improvement of Specificity for Sulfite inThiohacillus thiooxidansJCM7814 by Heat Treatment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Heat treatment was done to improve the substrate specificity for sulfite in Thiobacillus thiooxidans JCM7814 cells. Cell suspension in 0.1 M sodium citrate–NaOH buffer (pH 5.5) was heated at 60°C for 30 min. Sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide, and sodium dithionite at the concentration of 0.01 M protected the cells from thermal inactivation of sulfite oxidation. Sodium sulfite was the most effective among the three additives. Intact cells can oxidize various inorganic sulfur compounds, but the heat-treated cells oxidized only sulfite.
Self-Assembling Flexible 3D-MEAs for Cortical Implants

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Flexible Multi Electrode Arrays (MEAs) for neural interfacing reduce the mechanical mismatch between the soft brain tissue and the electrode arrays allowing accurate signal recordings and neural stimulation while reducing inflammatory responses. Many standard manufacturing processes of MEAs are designed for planar structures and the production of three-dimensional structures is challenging. In the present study, shaft structures with one to two circular gold microelectrodes (10 - 20 μm), each on a base polyimide (PI) substrate, were investigated. We describe a fabrication method, with which shafts made from bi-layer PI flip into the third dimension, which is a first step towards spontaneous assembly of electrodes in flexible 3D MEAs for neuroelectronic applications. A lift-up of the shafts was achieved by the contraction of a second PI layer and a steady nitrogen flow during polycondensation. This shrinking PI was structured in pits with a width of 5 - 600 μm. We achieved liftup angles of up to 42 degrees. The shaft structures can be hardened and later be used for neural implantation experiments.