jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Effects of Pharmacists Participating in the Follow-up of Schizophrenia Patients on Compliance of Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of schizophrenia patient’s compliance by pharmacists participated in the follow-up. METHODS: Using the telephone, we visited with 68 psychopath examples and the family members. RESULTS: The compliance of patients was only 52.94% at 1st following-up; increasing to 67.74% after intervention. There was significant difference between 2 following-up (P0.05). Because of afraid of ADR was the main reason why the patients didn’t obedience; the symptoms of patients with good compliance were control well, the symptoms of patients with good compliance were badly controlled, and fluctuation was in a big way. CONCLUSIONS: There are many influencing factors for compliance of schizophrenia patients. The development of pharmaceutical care, popularization of medication knowledge and other methods are advantageous to enhance the compliance.
Value of Haematology in Chronic Plumbism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Mortality due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the UK is rising in parallel to that of mesothelioma, with both conditions being significantly associated with historic asbestos imports. Aims: To establish whether there was any association between IPF and mesothelioma mortality in Europe, and to investigate whether IPF mortality varied depending on historic asbestos usage. Methods: Age-standardised mortality rates for IPF were plotted against mesothelioma mortality (2005-10) for 31 countries. A correlation co-efficient was calculated for IPF mortality rates against each countries per capita asbestos consumption (averaged over 1920-70). Results: Figure 1 shows that there was a significant relationship between mortality rates for mesothelioma and IPF for each country (Pearson correlation 0.52, p=0.003). A significant relationship was also seen between per capita asbestos consumption and IPF mortality rates (Pearson correlation 0.37, p= 0.046). Conclusion: Across Europe, IPF mortality is significantly correlated to mesothelioma mortality and historic asbestos consumption. Given the difficulties of differentiating asbestosis and IPF clinically, this may in part be explained by underestimating lifetime asbestos exposure in patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.
Effects of cardiac structural remodelling during heart failure on cardiac excitation - insights from a heterogeneous 3D model of the rabbit atria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. One of the effects of heart failure is the structural remodelling of cardiac tissue, including tissue dilation and development of fibrosis. It is therefore important to study these changes and their effect on cardiac activity, in order to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in arrhythmogenesis, which will hopefully enable us to develop better treatments for heart failure. In this study we developed biophysically detailed models of the rabbit atria for normal and heart failure conditions. These models were used to study the effects of structural remodelling of heart failure on cardiac excitation wave conduction. Anatomical reconstructions of the control and heart failure hearts were based on contrast enhanced micro-CT imaging. Fibre orientation was extracted from the control and heart failure datasets. Effects of heart failure geometry on the activation pattern of atrial excitation waves were analyzed. It was found that atrial activation time increased from the control to the heart failure case in both isotropic and anisotropic conditions, which is attributed primarily to the dilation of tissue caused by heart failure.
Cobblers: Lawyers’ Views on the Quality of Legislation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores the question of whether there are any characteristic features of the way law is made in the UK that lead to problems of legislative quality on the basis of a survey of 559 legal professionals including practising barristers and solicitors as well as academics. The article begins by discussing how ‘quality’ is to be understood and outlining the nature of the survey. It goes on to set out how respondents characterize problems of quality in the legislation they are familiar with, what the consequences of any defects might be, what causes these defects, and what can be done to remedy them. The article goes on to discuss some of the broader implications of the results of the survey drawing on the observations of Sir William Dale.
Testing the Waters or Opening the Floodgates? Evangelicals, Politics, and the "New" Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Testing the Waters or Opening the Floodgates? Evangelicals, Politics, and the “New” Mexico Get access Paul J. Bonicelli Paul J. Bonicelli assistant professor of political science Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 39, Issue 1, Winter 1997, Pages 107–130, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/39.1.107 Published: 01 January 1997
Aseptic spondylodiskitis in rheumatic diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aseptic diskitis is relatively common. Several rheumatic diseases involving the spine may have this complication. As this condition mimic infectious diskitis, it is important to recognize it. Clinically, it is characterised by vertebral pain of an inflammatory nature, occasionally accompanied by fever and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Radiologically, the decrease in the articular space and the irregularity of the vertebral plates are of particular importance. Although uncommon, it is necessary to bear in mind this possibility when the etiological search for a possible infectious diskitis proves fruitless. A MEDLINE (1986-2000) and PUBMED (1966-2000) search of relevant articles was performed. Descriptors used were aseptic diskitis, spondylodiskitis, pseudodiskitis and pseudoarthrosis.
Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-Inflammatory Gel

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Herbal medicines is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the world’s population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body and lesser side effects. Herbal medicines consist of plant or its part to treat injuries, disease or illnesses and are used to prevent and treat diseases and ailments or to promote health and healing. It is a drug or preparation made from a plant or plants and used for any to such purpose. Herbal medicines are the oldest form of health care known to mankind. Gel formulations prepared with Carbopol 934, HPMC K 100 M and Xanthan gum showed good homogeneity, no skin irritation, good stability and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the Xanthan gum based gel proved to the formula of choice, since it showed the highest percentage of extrudability, good spreadability and rheological properties. Formulation F1 and F5 showed the best formulation with significant anti-inflammatory activity. Formulation 1 and F5 shows approximately equal anti-inflammatory activity.
Dealing with a large number of classes -- Likelihood, Discrimination or Ranking?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider training probabilistic classifiers in the case of a large number of classes. The number of classes is assumed too large to perform exact normalisation over all classes. To account for this we consider a simple approach that directly approximates the likelihood. We show that this simple approach works well on toy problems and is competitive with recently introduced alternative non-likelihood based approximations. Furthermore, we relate this approach to a simple ranking objective. This leads us to suggest a specific setting for the optimal threshold in the ranking objective.
Navigating Women’s BIA-ALCL Information Needs: Group Seminars May Offer an Opportunity to Empower the Patient–Surgeon Team

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that has been linked to textured breast implants, and is an emerging concern within the plastic and reconstructive surgery community. Many surgeons are struggling with how best to inform their patients and manage BIA-ALCL care without overwhelming their standard clinical practice. Methods: Five educational group seminars were held for 53 patients. A thematic analysis of the field notes taken at each seminar was conducted to identify recurring patient and surgeon behaviors. Results: The thematic analysis identified 5 key themes: seeking, amplifying, framing, trusting, and empowering. Seeking describes the knowledge sought by patients and their varying engagement in their care. Amplifying underlines how the emotionally charged topic of BIA-ALCL impacted patient and surgeon behaviors. Framing presents surgeon efforts to help patients understand the risk level of BIA-ALCL. Trusting addresses the ways BIA-ALCL has impacted patient trust in the medical community and the mechanisms to rebuild this trust. Empowering outlines surgeon efforts to engage patients in shared decision-making. Conclusions: Herein is presented a possible framework for efficient BIA-ALCL patient education that can be adapted to different surgical practices. Lessons learned are: (1) patients want information on BIA-ALCL’s clinical features and prophylactic implant removal; (2) BIA-ALCL discussions are emotionally charged and surgeons must remain cognizant of group dynamics and that the physician–patient power differential may impact patient decision-making; (3) patient trust has been strained but can be restored; and (4) patient responses to BIA-ALCL are variable and subjective; thus, surgeons should emphasize patient-centered care.
Oscillating vegetation dynamics in a wet heathland

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Question: The significance of disturbances caused by periodical inundation was investigated with respect to its effects on vegetation dynamics, species richness and fluctuations, and to the relevance of certain plant properties. Location and Method: At a sod‐cut stand within nutrient‐poor inland sand dunes, permanent plots along a transect were surveyed over a period of up to nine years after sod cutting. Results: In contrast to never inundated plots, periodically inundated plots were characterized by low vegetation cover and by high numbers of species belonging to many different communities, each of them with a low cover. Periodical inundations favoured the presence of pioneers, species tolerant of disturbances, species adapted to wet conditions and stoloni‐ferous species. Furthermore, annual fluctuations of species within each plot were higher and most species occurred only sporadically. Discussion: A comprehensive model is presented describing the relevant processes identified in the littoral zone. Changing water tables result in the creation of gaps. The re‐colonization of these gaps follows mainly from vegetative regeneration and less to the dispersion of diaspores. Highest species numbers in the zone of moderate disturbances result from a high rate of re‐colonization in spite of local extinctions following each disturbance event. It is suggested that colonization abilities are among the most important features for species occurrence at a site rich in disturbances (more important than competitive abilities and more important than a slow rate of displacement). For nature conservation such sites are very important, because they allow (rare) pioneer species to survive for longer periods of time.
Data assimilation with soft constraints (DASC) through a generalized iterative ensemble smoother

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work investigates an ensemble-based workflow to simultaneously handle generic, nonlinear equality and inequality constraints in reservoir data assimilation problems. The proposed workflow is built upon a recently proposed umbrella algorithm, called the generalized iterative ensemble smoother (GIES), and inherits the benefits of ensemble-based data assimilation algorithms in geoscience applications. Unlike the traditional ensemble assimilation algorithms, the proposed workflow admits cost functions beyond the form of nonlinear-least-squares, and has the potential to develop an infinite number of constrained assimilation algorithms. In the proposed workflow, we treat data assimilation with constraints as a constrained optimization problem. Instead of relying on a general-purpose numerical optimization algorithm to solve the constrained optimization problem, we derive an (approximate) closed form to iteratively update model variables, but without the need to explicitly linearize the constraint systems. The established model update formula bears similarities to that of an iterative ensemble smoother (IES). Therefore, in terms of theoretical analysis, it becomes relatively easy to transit from an ordinary IES to the proposed constrained assimilation algorithms, and in terms of practical implementation, it is also relatively straightforward to implement the proposed workflow for users who are familiar with the IES, or other conventional ensemble data assimilation algorithms like the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Apart from the aforementioned features, we also develop efficient methods to handle two noticed issues that would be of practical importance for ensemble-based constrained assimilation algorithms. These issues include localization in the presence of constraints, and the (possible) high dimensionality induced by the constraint systems. We use one 2D and one 3D case studies to demonstrate the performance of the proposed workflow. In particular, the 3D example contains experiment settings close to those of real field case studies. In both case studies, the proposed workflow achieves better data assimilation performance in comparison to the choice of using an original IES algorithm. As such, the proposed workflow has the potential to further improve the efficacy of ensemble-based data assimilation in practical reservoir data assimilation problems.
Estimation of predictive uncertainties in flood wave propagation in a river channel using adjoint sensitivity analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper applies adjoint sensitivity analysis to flash flood wave propagation in a river channel. A numerical model, based on the St‐Venant equations and the corresponding adjoint equations, determines the sensitivities of predicted water levels to uncertainties in key controls such as inflow hydrograph, channel topography, frictional resistance and infiltration rate. Sensitivities are calculated in terms of a measuring function that quantifies water levels greater than certain safe threshold levels along the channel. The adjoint model has been verified by means of an identical twin experiment. The method is applied to a simulated flash flood in a river channel. The sensitivities to key controls are evaluated and ranked and the effects of individual and combined uncertainties on the predicted flood impact are also quantified. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control of thermal energy storage for a solar energy driven refrigeration plant to cool a fruit storage facility.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing need to adjust electricity consumption to electricity generation due to the rising share of electricity generation from solar and wind energy. Refrigerated storage can support this by thermal energy storage in e.g. an ice buffer. Aim of this study is to investigate how optimal control can help to optimize the exploitation of an ice buffer. In this study the controlled system has a number of cold rooms for fruit storage, a refrigeration plant, and an ice buffer, connected by a network of pipes in which a brine circulates. Electric energy is supplied from local PV panels, supported by the power grid. It is shown how the formation and melting of ice is adjusted to forecasted electricity tariffs. The results demonstrate how an optimally controlled ice buffer can help to shape the electric energy consumption, while maintaining temperatures in the storage rooms.
Identification of Gastric Abnormalities with Synchronous Biopsy Site Localization from Endoscope Imaging in Gastro-Intestinal Tract using Deep Learning Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the most prevalent malignant tumors with a dismal prognosis is gastric cancer (GC). Although pathologic verification and CT scanning are recommended for additional therapy, endoscopic examination is mostly used for early detection. One of the worst diseases with a dismal prognosis is still gastric cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) assistance technologies have a great opportunity to reduce workload and improve diagnostic accuracy due to the global pathologist shortage. The majority of gastric cancers (GCs) exhibit genetic instability, either as chromosomal or microsatellite instability, which is thought to be a precursor to gastric carcinogenesis. The features of each subtype are better understood because of the new classification of gastric malignancies on the basis of histologic features, genotypes, and molecular phenotypes, which also improves early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. As a result, the suggested system offers a practical way to more accurately forecast the categories of gastrointestinal problems. In this research, the types of diseases will be identified by the use of Deep Learning algorithms, such as CNN. The datasets will be gathered from Kaggle and preprocessed using several methods, including adaptive median filtering. The UNet algorithm is used to segment the pictures after preprocessing. After that, a deep learning algorithm will be used to train these datasets, and a model file will be produced. It is able to accurately identify gastrointestinal anomalies such as ulcers, funduses, healthy tissues, and esophagitis when given an input image for prediction. As a result, this approach contributes to a more accurate and efficient detection of gastrointestinal problems than current models.
Responding to the Working Children of Bangladesh: The Work of Ain o Salish Kendra

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The following interview describes the work of a drop-in centre and flexi-school for working children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We have included this here in the hope of offering readers a glimpse of the different dilemmas facing those who are working with children in developing countries. Ain o Salish Kendra is a legal rights organisation. One aspect of their work involves trying to reduce the amount of hazardous work performed by children in Bangladesh and to provide working children with access to education, health and legal services. The Protection of Working Children Unit aims to provide meaningful opportunities to children who have no choice but to work to support themselves and their families. We were introduced to the work of Ain o Salish Kendra by Margaret Ryan (via Narrative Connections!) and visited one of their drop-in centres for working children in March 2005. Sitting in a small classroom, children somewhere between six and ten years old, all introduced themselves -- proudly describing the work that they did. This ranged from selling flowers in the street, to working in a glass factory, to making paper containers, to domestic work. After they had finished their introductions they turned to us and asked: 'And what work do you do?' Many of our assumptions about childhood, about work and about child labour were questioned at that moment. After introductions, we witnessed the children share news from their day with their teacher. A number of children told of positive events. One described a fire that had occurred in the factory in which she worked. Another mentioned that his family was having difficulties due to his older brother's drug use. They then moved on to read the book of the day which involved a family that was trying to get enough food to eat, to study the letters of the alphabet, and to learn how to draw pictures of ducks and people's faces. This drop-in centre and school provides a forum for these children to speak about their lives with other children and with caring adults. As the following interview describes, the work of Ain o Salish Kendra also tries to provide pathways for these children towards safe work and opportunities for further education.
IS TOPICAL VANCOMYCIN AN OPTION? A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL TO DETERMINE THE SAFETY OF TOPICAL USE OF VANCOMYCIN POWDER IN PREVENTING POSTOPERATIVE INFECTIONS IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Topically applied vancomycin powder has been used to decrease surgical site infection rates in spinal surgeries, however, randomized controlled trials in total joint arthroplasty are lacking. Appli...
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats: a Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia in the middle-aged and elderly worldwide. Animal models for AD are widely used to study the disease mechanisms as well as to test potential therapeutic agents for disease modification. Among the non-genetically manipulated neuroinflammation models for AD, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced animal model is commonly used. This review paper aims to discuss the possible factors that influence rats' response following LPS injection. Factors such as dose of LPS, route of administration, nature, and duration of exposure as well as age and gender of animal used should be taken into account when designing a study using LPS-induced memory impairment as a model for AD
[Revision of the dermatophyte species and the nomenclature of these fungi].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dermatophyte species identification often remains difficult because variation of isolates in the same species, overlapping characters in cultures and problems of nomenclature. DNA sequencing recently allowed the genus and species of these fungi to be reexamined. Species names were revised according to the new nomenclature convention adopted for fungi. The conclusions of this taxonomic study were approved by expert practitioners and searchers working with dermatophytes. Important points about species definition and nomenclature changes were summarized in the present communication.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum IG 78107

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 78107
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1979
Other identifiers: n/a,ICBW 202912
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Dutch Sinology and Brill

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1875, E.J. Brill's company printed Gustave Schlegel's 929-page Uranographie chinoise, ou preuves directes que l'astronomie primitive est originaire de la Chine .This massive work was typeset using the new matrices, which had been purchased by the Dutch Ministry of Colonial Affairs in 1858. A lasting memory of the earliest days of collaboration between the Leiden sinologists and Brill is the journal T'oung Pao .The venerable T'oung Pao has since developed into what is still seen as one of the most prestigious journals in sinology. Attention to non-Chinese parts of the Far East has been shed in the course of its long and somewhat tortuous history, including a second start at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 2012, volume 98 of T'oung Pao saw the light, and the journal still presents one of the pillars of Brill's list of publications on China. Keywords: Chinese letter matrices; Dutch sinology; E.J. Brill; Gustave Schlegel; Leiden sinologists; T'oung Pao