jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum Complexation Assays for Quantifying Secondary Metabolite Variation among Wild Sunflowers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Secondary metabolites serve multiple functions in plants, and play a key role in many ecological processes. Accordingly, the quantification of such compounds is central to addressing many questions in plant science. Alongside precision analytical methods like gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, there exists a substantial niche for inexpensive and rapid spectrophotometric approaches if their usefulness in a system can be demonstrated. This study seeks to examine the utility of two commonly used colorimetric methods – the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the aluminum complexation assay – for quantifying variation in leaf phenolic and flavonoid content among members of the genus Helianthus , the sunflowers. Among species known a priori to vary substantially in both the diversity and relative concentrations of secondary metabolites, both assays detect substantial variation among species. Moreover, total phenolic content as assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay correlates positively with concentrations of multiple individual phenolic compounds as quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating that the Folin-Ciocalteu describes variation in sunflower phenolic content. Additionally, the diversity of flavonoids known from Helianthus include a number of those known to be sensitive to the aluminum complexation assay, indicating that this assay may also be a useful descriptor of relative variation in sunflower flavonoid content. In total, both the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum complexation assays appear to capture useful, if coarse, variation in secondary metabolites among Helianthus species, and seem useful as rapid low-cost methods for exploratory research, preliminary analyses, and potentially useful for high-throughput phenotyping within wild or cultivated sunflower with proper calibration.
An Empirical Study on Korean Aid Fragmentation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 한국의 공적개발원조에서 가장 중요한 문제 중 하나인 원조분절화 현상의 계량적 측정을 통해 분절화 정도와 추세적 변화 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 행위자 차원—수원국과 공여행위자—과 분석수준 차원—국가 수준과 원조부문 수준—에서 교차분석 연구틀을 구성하여 2006년, 2009년, 2012년 그리고 2017년 한국의 원조분절화 정도를 비교한다. 분석 결과 한국 공적개발원조의 분절화는 공여규모와 공여행위자가 증가하면서 수원국 관점과 공여국 관점에서 모두 심화되었다. 하지만 원조부문 수준에서 한국 공여행위자에 의한 원조의 분절화 정도는 완화된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 원조분절화 개선을 위해 공여행위자 수의 증가를 억제하고 공여행위자들 간의 효과적인 조정체계 수립이 중요하다는 함의를 제시한다. 본 연구는 원조분절화 실증연구에 대한 방법론적 이해를 심화하고 개발원조 연구 지평을 확장할 뿐만 아니라, 원조분절화 완화를 위한 정책함의를 제시함으로써 향후 개선 방안 마련에 기여한다.
Intercultural education set forward: operational strategies and procedures in Cypriot classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers in Cyprus are being called upon for the first time to teach within culturally diverse educational settings. Given the substantial role, teachers play in the implementation of intercultural education, this paper explores the intercultural strategies and procedures adopted by primary school teachers in Cyprus. Interviews were carried out with 30 teachers, from four different schools. Findings show that participants held conflicting perceptions of intercultural education, while they lacked sufficient awareness of their immigrant students’ cultural backgrounds. Participants adopted individualised and collaborative strategies, classroom discussions on intercultural issues and attempted to raise immigrant students’ self-esteem in order to promote intercultural education. However, their own lack of intercultural preparation, along with lack of language proficiency of immigrant students, the inadequacy of the Cypriot national curriculum and time constraints, worked against efforts to promote greater inclusion. Στα πλαίσια της πρoσχώρησης της Κύπρoυ στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση καθώς και τoυ υπϵρμϵγέθoυς κύματoς μϵτανάστϵυσης πρoς τη χώρα, oι ϵκπαιδϵυτικoί καλoύνται για πρώτη ϕoρά να διδάξoυν σϵ διαπoλιτισμικά πϵριβάλλoντα. Λαμβάνoντας υπόψη τoν oυσιαστικό ρόλo πoυ διαδραματίζϵι o ϵκπαιδϵυτικός στην ϵϕαρμoγή της διαπoλιτισμικής ϵκπαίδϵυσης, τo παρόν άρθρo διϵρϵυνά τις διαπoλιτισμικές στρατηγικές και διαδικασίϵς πoυ υιoθϵτoύνται από τoυς Κύπριoυς ϵκπαιδϵυτικoύς. Συνϵντϵύξϵις πραγματoπoιήθηκαν μϵ 30 δασκάλoυς, από τέσσϵρα διαϕoρϵτικά σχoλϵία βάσϵι της πoλιτισμικής πoλυμoρϕίας τoυ πληθυσμoύ των μαθητών τoυς. Τα συμπϵράσματα υπoδϵικνύoυν ότι oι συμμϵτέχoντϵς διατηρoύν αντιϕατικές αντιλήψϵις αναϕoρικά στη διαπoλιτισμική ϵκπαίδϵυση, ϵνώ στϵρoύνται πoλιτισμικής γνώσης για τoυς μϵτανάστϵς μαθητές τoυς. Oι συμμϵτέχoντϵς υιoθέτησαν στρατηγικές πoυ άπτoνται της ϵξατoμικϵυμένης και oμαδoσυνϵργατικής διδασκαλίας, των oμαδικών συζητήσϵων στην τάξη σχϵτικά μϵ πoικίλα διαπoλιτισμικά ζητήματα και ϵπιχϵίρησαν να ϵνισχύσoυν την αυτoϵικόνα των μϵταναστών μαθητών μϵ απώτϵρo σκoπό την πρoώθηση της διαπoλιτισμικής ϵκπαίδϵυσης. Εντoύτoις, η ϵλλιπής διαπoλιτισμική πρoϵτoιμασία των ϵκπαιδϵυτικών, η πϵριoρισμένη ανάπτυξη των μϵταναστών μαθητών στην Ελληνική γλώσσα, η ανϵπάρκϵια τoυ Κυπριακoύ αναλυτικoύ πρoγράμματoς, καθώς και oι χρoνικoί πϵριoρισμoί τoυ, αντιστρατϵύoνται τις συμπϵριληπτικές πρoσπάθϵιϵς των ϵκπαιδϵυτικών.
The Ottoman Documents and the Genocidal Policies of the Committee for Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki) toward the Armenians in 1915

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author analyzes the Ottoman Archives as a source of information on the Armenian Genocide of 1915.He discusses the contradictory positions of two broad groups of scholars on the reliability of these archives, concluding that the Ottoman Archives agree with the information found in the archives of the United States, Britain, Germany, and Austria.He discusses the various categories of Ottoman documents, which mostly came out during the trials related to the Armenian Genocide, which took place from 1919 to 1921, and makes clear that there was a wide-ranging cleansing operation of the archives after the armistice in 1918.The author explores the reliability of this evidence and, based on the existing documents that remain, tries to reconstruct the structure and implementation of the genocide.He concludes that the Ottoman documents clearly show the genocidal intent of the Ottoman authorities and puts the Armenian genocide within the broader context of an overarching plan to homogenize the ethnic population of Anatolia.This article seeks to shed light on the issue of the ''cleansing of the Ottoman archives'' and to summarize some of the remaining documents, which could be classified as direct evidence illustrating the genocidal intent of the policies enacted by the Committee for Union and Progress (CUP) against the Armenians in 1915. 1
Research on Application of Statistics Reports Decision Support System of Agricultural Bank

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A new technique of developing statistics reports decision support system of Agricultural Bank using business intelligence supported by SQL Server 2005 is proposed.Establishing of data model,system architecture,founding of data warehouse,function of decision support system based on statistics reports data warehouse and online analysis of statistical data are illuminated.The system can automatically create various statistical reports and.can guarantee the normalization,correction and timeliness of the system.It can also provide decision of making information for business managers.
Supplementary Material for: A case of oropharyngeal carcinoma with an oblique neck that benefited from transoral robotic surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery (TOVS) are minimally invasive procedures for early-stage head and neck cancers. However, due to its unique nature, transoral resection often leads to skeletal and anatomical disorders. We describe a case in which TORS was used in a 71-year-old man with a skeletal disorder, spastic stridor, and a T2N1M0 stage I p16-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma. Prior to the procedure, he underwent right cervical dissection (levels II-IV). Although he had an oblique neck, the right side of his neck was naturally hyperextended because the dissection was performed on the right side. The right facial, lingual, and external carotid arteries were ligated in preparation for TORS. Postoperative pathological examination revealed no extranodal involvement of the metastatic lymph nodes. A two-stage TOVS procedure was performed for the oropharyngeal tumor, in which the surgeon was required to be positioned at the patient's head to allow direct manipulation. This makes the neck and oral cavity more susceptible to the skeletal effects. In contrast, in TORS, the da Vinci insertion angle can be set to match the angle of the neck, allowing surgeons to operate with less skeletal influence. TORS is more useful in this setting.
Drip, drip, drip

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary A unique complication to castration is published in the preceding Case Report in this issue, whereby a 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred racehorse gelding suffered chronic haemoperitoneum weeks after standing castration. The causes and treatment of post castration haemorrhage are reviewed along with haemoperitoneum and the use of laparoscopy. Supplementary explanations are discussed.
Langsett Reservoir: Numerical simulation of hydraulic structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

: As the design flood flow at Langsett Reservoir was increased following the launch of the Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) in March 2000, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to investigate options to increase the spillway capacity. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION COMPARISON WITH THE PHYSICAL MODEL OTHER FEATURES CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
Discovery of 3-Cinnamamido-N-Substituted Benzamides as Potential Antimalarial Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, yet the discovery of antimalarial agents remains profoundly challenging. Very few new antimalarials have been developed in the past 50 years, while the emergence of drug-resistance continues to appear. Objective: This study focuses on the discovery, design, synthesis, and antimalarial evaluation of 3- cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamides. Methods: In this study, a screening of our compound library was carried out against the multidrugsensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. Derivatives of the hit were designed, synthesized and tested against P. falciparum 3D7 and the in vivo antimalarial activity of the most active compounds was evaluated using the method of Peters’ 4-day suppressive test. Results: The retrieved hit compound 1 containing a 3-cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamide skeleton showed moderate antimalarial activity (IC 50 = 1.20 μM) for the first time. A series of derivatives were then synthesized through a simple four-step workflow, and half of them exhibited slightly better antimalarial effect than the precursor 1 during the subsequent in vitro assays. Additionally, compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 displayed potent activity with IC 50 values of approximately 0.1 μM, and weak cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, in vivo antimalarial activity is not effective, which might be ascribed to the poor solubility of these compounds. Conclusion: In this study, the phenotypic screen of our compound library resulted in the first report of a 3-cinnamamide framework with antimalarial activity and 40 derivatives were then designed and synthesized. Subsequent structure-activity studies showed that compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 exhibited the most potent and selective activity against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain with IC50 values around 0.1 μM. Our work herein sets another example of phenotypic screen-based drug discovery, leading to potentially promising candidates of novel antimalarial agents once given further optimization.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Self-control

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A procedure was developed to assist a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who had difficulty getting ready for class. A two-stage intervention is described. In the first stage a cognitive behavior modification program was attempted. When this proved to be unsuccessful, an alternative approach was attempted in which a reward of access to extra computer time was made contingent on getting ready for class after lunch within a five-minute time period. As soon as the intervention was introduced it was immediately successful and the child never failed to meet the criterion. Once the procedure was established, it was extended to the beginning of school in the morning, and the reward schedule was changed so that it was necessary to meet the five-minute criterion in both the morning and afternoon on three successive days in order to obtain extra computer time. Again, the criterion was met without failure. Several weeks after the intervention was initiated, the child began spontaneously to request the timing device while working on in-class written assignments as a way of aiding assignment completion. This latter result suggested that the introduction of the timing device may have assisted the child in monitoring his behavior, and in spontaneously generalizing the use of the timer across situations.
Peritoneal adhesion formation after the use of oxidized cellulose (Surgicel) and gelatin sponge (Spongostan) in rats.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experimental studies have suggested that oxidized cellulose and the combined use of gelatin sponge and dextran 70 may prevent intraperitoneal adhesion formation. Peritoneal adhesions were produced in 50 rats by a standardized caecal trauma. In 10 rats the injured caecum was covered by oxidized cellulose, in 10 by gelatin sponge, and in 10 by a mixture of gelatin sponge and dextran 70. Twenty rats served as controls. Neither oxidized cellulose, gelatin sponge, nor the combination of gelatin sponge and dextran 70 was found to be effective in preventing peritoneal adhesions. However, neither oxidized cellulose nor gelatin sponge resulted in an increased adhesion formation.
Spatio-Temporal Hydro-Meteorological Variability Challenges on Floodplain Wetland Ecosystem Sustainability Downstream of Hydroelectric Dams, Niger State, Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydro-meteorological trend and recurring seasonal flood are fundamental obstacles in the country’s task towards the attainment of food security, diversification of economy, sustainability of the physical environment and socio-economic livelihood. This study utilized rainfall records (1980-2015) and hydrological record (1990-2015). A simple flood monitoring and early warning methodology hinged on an Intra-seasonal Rainfall Monitoring Index (IRMI) to identify and monitor flood condition adopted. The computed Hydro-meteorological variables (IRMI, Gauge Height, Inflow and Discharge) were summarized and classified at pentad level to determine peak flow, its variability and flood risk from low to extremely high. The result revealed spatio-temporal variability in IRMI peak values and consistency peak values across the study area. This triggered high, very high and extremely high inflow values that led to sustained moderate and high discharge in recent times; thus, leading to loss of floodplain wetland that aggravated downstream flood as evident in the study area in the years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 due to steady increase and consistency in IRMI, inflow and discharge peak values. Consequently, there is need to adequately understand the hydro-climatic parameters that trigger flood risk and its impact on sustainability of wetland ecosystems to enhance the knowledge base for effective disaster risk reduction.
Theoretical insights into the gaseous and heterogeneous reactions of halogenated phenols with ˙OH radicals: mechanism, kinetics and role of (TiO2)nclusters in degradation processes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

New insights into the mechanism of ˙OH-initiated degradation and the kinetics of halogenated phenols onto (TiO 2 ) n clusters with controllable dimensions have been provided for the first time.
Analysis of divisional profitability using the residual income profile: a note on cash flows and rates of growth

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present note expands on the (Frigo and Ciecka (1995)) residual income profile in order to analyze the relationship between residual income (RI), return on investment (ROI) and cash flows. The results indicate that in addition to the question of whether RI and ROI are useful in divisional performance evaluation, both measures also have an important role to play as a means of approximating actual cash flow. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting immigrants’ host country language proficiency: Focusing on the differences between migrant workers and marriage-migrant women in South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to reveal significant factors affecting the Korean language proficiency of immigrants in Korea by comparing the two immigrant groups, migrant workers and marriage-migrant women, that constitute the largest sector of the foreign-born population in Korea. A comprehensive survey was conducted on a total of 136 migrant workers and 136 marriage-migrant women. A statistical analysis was followed adopting stepwise multiple regression on six independent variables (age at arrival, length of residence, education level, linguistic distance, intensity of target language use, and learning time at institutions) and one dependent variable (self-reported language proficiency). Results show that length of residence in Korea and intensity of target language use significantly contributed to the Korean language proficiency of marriage-migrant women, whereas age at arrival, intensity of target language use, and education level played a significant role in the development of language proficiency of migrant workers in Korea. Educational implications are discussed, and suggestions are made for expanding language educational support for migrant workers.
I.—On the Wing of a Neuropterous Insect from the Cretaceous Limestone of Flinders River, North Queensland, Australia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

I Am indebted to R. L. Jack, Esq., F.G.S., the Government Geologist of North Queensland, for permission to examine the remains of a Neuropterous wing (figured on Plate XI. Fig. 1), and which forms one of a collection of Cretaceous fossils transmitted by him to my colleague Mr. Robert Etheridge, jun., for description.
Research and development round-up: April 2009

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of head-to-head comparisons of single and combination pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation reveals that combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is more effective in helping smokers to achieve initial cessation and maintained abstinence rates than monotherapy NRT. ‘Th ere is very little direct evidence of the relative efficacy of different pharmacotherapies and very little head-to-head comparison within a particular study. And without that information, it is hard for clinicians and smokers to select between the different treatments,’ said lead study author Megan Piper.
Diagnostic accuracy of anti-DGP (IgG) for celiac disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy that is caused by the intake of gluten-containing grains in genetically susceptible humans. The gliadin and glutenin parts of wheat gluten are the essential factors that cause intestinal damage. Objectives: We analyzed the performance of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) in the diagnosis of CD in children. For this purpose, we compared the performance of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA anti-TTG) and IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (IgG anti-DGP) for the diagnosis of CD. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2021 for a duration of about 6 months, 200 patients with suspected CD symptoms, children who needed screening due to Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, and the first-degree relatives of CD patients who underwent diagnostic evaluation were enrolled in a census study. Results: This study compares existing point-of-care anti-DGP Ab (IgG) and anti-TTG Ab (IgA) tests against each other using the gold standard of duodenal biopsy and pathology. Serology as a screening test was acceptable (93.6% for anti-DGP vs. 94.2% for anti-TTG) for both of them. This equivalent sensitivity of serum TTG and the DGP tests validates its potential as a basic tool for serological testing. Furthermore, endoscopy is carried out in patients positive for both. Conclusions: Our study showed that for the diagnosis of CD, anti-DGP antibodies had comparable characteristics with anti-TTG (IgA) in terms of diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Specify of anti-DGP was higher than that of anti-TTG.
Transition Metal Dithiolate Complexes. I. π-Cyclopentadienyl Maleonitrile Dithiolate Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Dithiolate Complexes. I. π-Cyclopentadienyl Maleonitrile Dithiolate CompoundsJ. Locke and J. A. McClevertyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 7, 1157–1161Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50041a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50041a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A categorical Torelli theorem for hypersurfaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let be a smooth Fano hypersurface of dimension and degree . The derived category of coherent sheaves on contains an interesting subcategory called the Kuznetsov component . We show that this subcategory, together with a certain autoequivalence called the rotation functor, determines uniquely if or if and . This generalizes a result by Huybrechts and Rennemo, who proved the same statement under the additional assumption that divides .