jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemical Fate of Particulate Sulfur from Nighttime Oxidation of Thiophene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds emitted during wildfire events, such as dimethyl sulfide, are known to form secondary aerosols containing inorganic sulfate (SO4 2-) and surfactant-like organic compounds; however, little is known about the fate of sulfur in other emitted reduced organosulfur species. This study aimed to determine the sulfurous product distribution resulting from the nighttime oxidation of thiophene as a model system. Ion chromatography (IC) and aerosol mass spectrometry (a mini aerosol mass spectrometer, mAMS) were used to constrain the proportions of sulfurous compounds produced under wildfire-relevant conditions ([NO2]/[O3] = 0.1). With constraints from IC, results indicated that the sulfurous particle mass consisted of 30.3 ± 6.6% SO4 2-, while mAMS fractionation attributed 24.5 ± 1.6% of total sulfate signal to SO4 2-, 15.4 ± 1.9% to organosulfates, and 60.1 ± 0.9% to sulfonates. Empirical formulas of organosulfur products were identified as C1-C8 organosulfates and sulfonates using complementary mass spectrometry techniques. This study highlights the nighttime oxidation of thiophene and its derivatives as a source of SO4 2- and particulate organosulfur compounds, which have important implications for the atmospheric sulfur budget and aerosol/droplet physical and chemical properties.
Structural Similarity Based Video Quality Metric using Human Visual System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

최근 에러의 가시도를 측정하던 기존 패러다임의 한계를 극복하고자 structural similarity (SSIM) metric이 제안되어 우수한 성능을 보이고 있다. 하지만 SSIM은 기존에 활발히 연구되어오던 인간시각체계의 민감도에 대한 특성을 완전히 배제함으로써 새로운 한계점을 노출한다. 본 논문에서는 포비에이션 포인트로부터의 거리, 평균 휘도 값, DCT 계수, 모션 정보를 이용하여 통합된 시각적 가중치를 정의하였고 이를 SSIM과 자연스럽게 결합함으로써 성능을 개선하였다. VQEG 멀티미디어 그룹의 테스트 플랜을 이용한 테스트를 통해 본 논문의 품질측정 기준이 기존의 SSIM 보다 주관적 화질평가의 결과와 연관도가 더 높음을 보임으로써 성능 향상을 증명하였다. Recently, the structural similarity (SSIM) index metric is proposed. In the present paper, a new framework, which is called visual SSIM (VSSIM), is proposed by incorporating crucial human factors into the SSIM. The human factors are foveation, luminance, frequency and motion information. The performance of VSSIM is evaluated by subjective quality test compliant with the Video Quality Expert Group (VQEG) multimedia group test plan. It shows that the visual SSIM is more correlated with the subjective quality result than the conventional SSIM.
PWE-093 Development and validation of an automated system for assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis in routine: histological images in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Introduction</st> Liver biopsy is the gold standard method for diagnosing and staging NAFLD, up to date,the steatosis grade and fibrosis stage are reported using semi-quantitative scores with hisg Inter-observer variability.We aimed to develop an automated method for steatosis and fibrosis quantitation using routine histological images of NAFLD patients. </sec> <sec><st>Method</st> 118 consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD were retrospectively evaluated. Biopsies were stained with H and E and Sirius red, and then scored by two histopathologists. Each image was then analysed by the automated software in two stages: Machine learning clustering and MorphologicalImage Processing (Figure 1). Fat% and fibrosis% computed by the software were compared with the manual annotationfor all cases. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> There was good correlation between fat% and steatosis grade but with significant overlap between groups: Anova 50.9,p<0.001 (Figure 2a) grade 0: fat 0.6%(0–3), grade 1: 7.5%(1-22), grade 2: 12.5%(2.5–29), grade 3: 20.8%(11.5–32).Results were similar between fibrosis% and fibrosis stage: Anova 42.9, p<0.001 (Figure 2b) stage 0: 2.5%(1-4), stage 1:3.3%(1-9), stage 2: 4.9%(2-9), stage 3: 7.9%(3-13), stage 4: 17.3 (8–30). </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> Our fully automated software uses low-resolution images widely available and shows excellent correlationwith experts’ annotation. There is wide variation in both fat and fibrosis quantitation within each grade and stage with considerable overlap. Computerised quantitative assessment produces more objective measurements which increase the sensitivity to show response to interventions. </sec> <sec><st>Disclosure of Interest</st> None Declared <fig loc="float" id="F1"><no>Abstract PWE-093 Figure 1</no> <link locator="abs_2_F056"></fig> </sec>
P252 THE TREATMENT WITH BETA–BLOCKERS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION (REBOOT) TRIAL, 2023 UPDATES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The role of beta blockers (BB) post–myocardial infarction (MI) in patients without reduced ejection fraction in the era of invasive management is controversial results from observational studies have led to opposite results. Methods REBOOT is an independent multinational pragmatic, controlled, randomized, open–label, with blinded endpoint adjudication clinical trial. The study is testing the benefits of BB maintenance therapy in post–MI patients (either with or without ST segment elevation) discharged with LVEF &gt;40%. Patients ≥18 years old undergoing invasive management during admission and without history of heart failure (HF) are eligible to participate. At discharge, they are 1:1 randomized to either receive BB (agent and dose chosen by the treating physician) or no BB therapy. The primary endpoint is a composite of all–cause death, nonfatal re–MI, or heart failure hospitalization over a minimum follow–up period of 2.75 years (minimum 2 years, maximum 3 years). Events are adjudicated by a blinded committee. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) is the sponsor of the trial and the coordinator of Spanish Centers while Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS coordinates the Italian participating network. Hospital admission for COVID–19 were also recorded since June 2020. Results The study is currently ongoing and 29 Italian centers are still actively recruiting. A sample size of 8468 pts (728 events) was estimated to provide a power of 85% to detect a RRR of 20% (incidence of primary endpoint in control 10%) and assuming 5% withdrawals. More than 75 Spanish and 35 Italian centers recruited patients. The first patients have been included in Spain in October 2018, in Italy in January 2019. On December 31st 2022, the number of enrolled patients by Italian centers was 1685. The top three Italian enrollers at the moment are: Ospedale G. da Saliceto –Piacenza (483 pts), Ospedale S. Luigi Gonzaga – Orbassano (183 pts) and A.O San’Anna and San Sebastiano – Caserta (170 pts). The patient enrollment rate was almost stable during all the study periods with a slight decrease during COVID pandemic outbreaks. The Italian REBOOT Network goal is to include 1800 patients by April 2023. The first results will become available by the end of 2025. Conclusion The REBOOT, with other ongoing trials, will provide robust evidence to guide the prescription of BB to patients discharged after MI without reduced LVEF.
Inherited defect of alpha-1-antitrypsin associated with chronic liver and respiratory tract diseases in children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The frequency of occurrence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency among total of 3228 Polish children with chronic liver diseases and chronic disease of respiratory tract was determined. It was observed that among children with chronic liver diseases which disclosed more frequent defect (concentration of A1AT below 150 mg/dl was found in 10.3% of children), the highest occurrence of deficiency was in children with neonatal hepatitis (23.1%). The deficiency was connected with the presence of ZZ and MZ phenotypes of A1AT.
Axioms for Stiefel-Whitney Homology Classes of Some Singular Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A system of axioms for the Stiefel-Whitney classes of certain type of singular spaces is established.The main examples of these singular spaces are Euler manifolds mod 2 and homology manifolds mod 2. As a consequence, it is shown that on homology manifolds mod 2 the generalized Stiefel conjecture holds.
Detection and diagnosis of bottle capping failures based on motor current signature analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bottle capping is an important manufacturing process in many production systems. Bottle capping defects, if left unattended, will cause leakage issues during packaging and transportation. To develop a bottle capping defect detection and diagnosis system with lower cost, this paper proposes a data-driven methodology. Our approach is based on the motor current signal from the automatic capping machine, and four different capping defects, such as loose cap, cocked cap, and no cap, are considered in the experiments. Based on the current signal collected from the bottle capping machine, the signal envelope is extracted and smoothed first, and the faulty signatures are discovered subsequently. By designing and selecting appropriate features to describe the discovered fault signature, bottle capping defects can be effectively detected and isolated with the help of machine learning models. The results in the case study demonstrate that all the bottle capping defects considered in this investigation can be effectively detected and isolated.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 40 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Nicotiana glauca", "Country is Tunisia", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 40 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0065253-250717081556266/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Zur Wirkung von Zn2⊕ auf die nucleare RNA- und Proteinbiosynthese der Rattenleber / Effect of Zn2⊕ on Nuclear RNA- and Protein-Biosynthesis in Rat Liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Female rats have been employed for a study of the reactivity of zinc ions on RNA and protein biosynthesis of liver nuclei. Intraperitoneal injections of 20 μmoles of this metal ion have been found to stimulate RNA biosynthesis up to 80% and a 40% increase of protein synthesis was observed under the same conditions. The precursor for RNA synthesis was [6- 14 C] -orotic acid and [l- 14 C]-ᴅʟ-leucine served as a label for nuclear protein. Low Zn 2 ®-concentrations showed no reactivity, even when zinc-deficient rats were used. DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase activity was progressively diminished when increasing amounts of Zn 2⊕ -ions were added in vitro to the incubation mixtures. However, RNA-polymerase activity was strongly stimulated following a 10 h pulse of Zn 2 ® prior to the isolation of liver nuclei.
Prevention of Lower Eyelid Ectropion Using Noninsional Suspension Sutures after Blepharoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blepharoplasty is one of the most common anti-aging operations. Although rare, complications such as ectropion may occur. Thus, we introduced an operative technique to prevent ectropion of the lower lid after blepharoplasty. From January 2012 to August 2013, we performed a nonincisional suspension suture (NISS) technique for 30 patients who visited our clinic for lower blepharoplasty. These patients had a distance of greater than 7 mm on the distraction test and were suspected of having horizontal lid laxity. We performed a slit incision 3 mm superior to the junction between the lateral epicanthus and the orbital bone during lower blepharoplasty. We passed a 7-0 nylon suture through the subcutaneous layer and the orbicularis oculi muscle. Then, we punctured the tarsal plate at the lateral limbus and fixed it to the lateral orbital rim by puncturing the periosteum. We tied a suspension knot through the slit incision. Thirty patients had satisfactory results without major complications, such as scleral exposure or ectropion. The NISS technique could be an effective method by which to prevent postoperative ectropion in cases with a mild to moderate degree lower lid laxity. The use of a NISS procedure is also a simple surgical technique, which saves time and is minimally invasive.
Android-ardunio application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report documents the achievements for the final year project. It provides a description and analysis on the development of an Android-Arduino application. An analysis was made on the use of Bluetooth as the key source of wireless communication between the Android mobile device and the Arduino. Through the sending and receiving of serial values, the Android is able to control the behavior of the Arduino. Documentation was made on the implementation of IR remote controlling from the Arduino. Through sending of IR pulses stored in the Arduino, it is able to control several devices and thus, enabling the mobile device to act as a remote control. User customization was also implemented with the recording function of the Arduino, where it could record IR pulses from various remote controllers and duplicate the pulses to control various devices specified by the users. The project was then extended to be able to function like an alarm clock to control specific devices at a user-specified time and date. Another function was introduced to allow the Arduino to control the locking and unlocking of a door from a password-protected command sent from the Android. The application was developed to operate a servo motor to turn the door lock in a specified direction and time period according to the Android command.
Predictors of Progression From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to NIDDM: An Analysis of Six Prospective Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Risk factors associated with the progression from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to NIDDM were examined in data from six prospective studies. IGT and NIDDM were defined in all studies by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and baseline risk factors were measured at the time of first recognition of IGT. The studies varied in size from 177 to 693 participants with IGT, and included men and women followed from 2 to 27 years after the recognition of IGT. Across the six studies, the incidence rate of NIDDM was 57.2/1,000 person-years and ranged from 35.8/1,000 to 87.3/1,000 person-years. Although baseline measures of fasting and 2-h postchallenge glucose levels were both positively associated with NIDDM incidence, incidence rates were sharply higher for those in the top quartile of fasting plasma glucose levels, but increased linearly with increasing 2-h postchallenge glucose quartiles. Incidence rates were higher among the Hispanic, Mexican-American, Pima, and Nauruan populations than among Caucasians. The effect of baseline age on NIDDM incidence rates differed among the studies; the rates did not increase or rose only slightly with increasing baseline age in three of the studies and formed an inverted U in three studies. In all studies, estimates of obesity (including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference) were positively associated with NIDDM incidence. BMI was associated with NIDDM incidence independently of fasting and 2-h post challenge glucose levels in the combined analysis of all six studies and in three cohorts separately, but not in the three studies with the highest NIDDM incidence rates. Sex and family history of diabetes were generally not related to NIDDM progression. This analysis indicates that persons with IGT are at high risk and that further refinement of risk can be made by other simple measurements. The ability to identify persons at high risk of NIDDM should facilitate clinical trials in diabetes prevention.
HPLC Analysis and Bio-kinetics Study of Pyrazinamide in Healthy Volunteers After Oral Administration

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pyrazinamide is use for the treatment of tuberculosis in all over the world. Bio kinetics deals with the mathematical description of drug changes in the body with time function. This study was designed to investigate the bio kinetics of Pyrazinamide after oral administration of Pyrazinamide (25mg) tablet in 10 healthy volunteers. The blood samples of each volunteer were collected from 0.5 to 12 hours at different time intervals after the medication. The concentration of Pyrazinamide in plasma samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantitative observations were recorded that include the mean ± SD value of absorption rate constant (Ka), time to peak (Tmax) and peak concentration (Cmax) were 0.38 ± 0.25/h, 2.248 ± 0.64 h and 4.165 ± 2.13µg/mL, respectively. The mean ± SD values of absorption half-life (t1/2a) and elimination half-life (t1/2b) were 2.078 ± 1.678h and 0.2908 ± 1.721 hours. The mean ± SD values of volume of distribution and total body clearance were 40 ± 27.4L and 3.351 ± 1.27 h, respectively. Mean residue time (MRT) showed mean ± SD and area under curve (AUC) were 17.23 ± 12.78 h and 90.4 ± 76.2 h.mg/L, respectively.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Ravenelia hieronymi Speg.", { "not" : { "DatasetKey" : [ "is Global database of alien macrofungi" ] } }, { "or" : [ "Country is United States of America", "Country is United States", "Country is United States of America", "Country is Canada", "Continent is North America" ] } ] } The dataset includes 4 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0135849-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Ambiguity in Games: Theory and Experiments

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Ambiguity arises when a decision maker fails to assign a subjective probability to an event. This failure to attach a subjective probability to an event is caused by a lack of information about the event. Ambiguity provides a gap in the scope of game theory, since the basic assumption of being able to assign meaningful probabilities to one's opponent's actions is no longer valid. It thus opens the debate of how inviduals would react if faced by an ambiguous event.\n Risk is a special case of ambiguity, where the decision maker has information about the probabilities of events. There is considerable experimental evidence documenting the fact that individuals show a marked preference for situations in which they face a known level of risk, as opposed to being in a situation where they are faced by an opponent whose strategies are ambiguous. Ambiguity averseness is the tendency of individuals to prefer known risk situations to ambiguous ones.\n Although there is extensive experimental literature which shows that ambiguity affects decision making, most of these studies are restricted to single-person decisions. Relatively few experiments test whether ambiguity affects behaviour in games, where individuals interact with each other. The research documented in this thesis aims to study the effect of ambiguity in games. Since many economic problems can be represented as games we believe this research will be useful for understanding the impact of ambiguity in economics.\n Moreover, though previous studies have established that ambiguity affects decision making, they do not document the nature of the impact that it has on decision making. It is thus difficult to predict the effect of ambiguity, and the direction in which it will cause behaviour to change. This thesis aims at studying the effect of ambiguity in strategic situations, by analysing individual behaviour in games.
“I am not exaggerating, literally a monster … a Jekyll and Hyde type thing”: Understanding the lived experience of adoptive fathers whose children display violence and aggression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The caregiving of fathers, especially adoptive fathers, is currently under-researched. This study explored the experience of adoptive fathers whose children displayed aggression and violence. Six Parent Development Interviews from a larger study were analysed using an attachment-informed Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Attachment discourse analysis derived from the Meaning of the Child Interview (MotC) and Parental Reflective Functioning Scale acted as ‘third voice’ in dialogue with the researchers’ and participants’ to explore the fathers’ experience interpersonally, in the context of their family relationships. Four superordinate themes were identified, with these fathers feeling ‘The Problem is in the Child’, at times sensing themselves persecuted by their child and lacking agency as a parent. ‘Confusion and Comparison’ highlighted the fathers’ sense of helplessness and longing for the ‘normal’ family life they associated with being a biological parent. The fathers also talked of ‘The Mixed Blessing of Feeling like a Father’, expressing extremes of anger but also fondness for their children. Participants engaged in ‘Looking Back’ both at their child’s trauma history and their own history of being parented, which in all but one father, also involved trauma. This left the fathers searching for answers to questions around biological versus relational origins of difficulties, and also pain arising from their own frustrated intention to create a better family life than they had experienced themselves in childhood. Common to all of this was the fathers’ sense of helplessness in being unable to contain or influence their child’s difficult behaviour, that negated or challenged their sense of fatherhood. We suggest a more relational approach that explicitly includes the father’s past and present experience, rather than treating the child’s aggressive behaviour in isolation. This could support fathers in recovering an internal experience of a shared relationship with, and being a father to, their adopted child.
Teaching language through Mnemonics Programme in pre-school Children with Hearing Impairment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Learning is depending upon the intelligence, external / internal motivation and sensory capabilities. Hearing impairment is a hidden disability which adversely affects speech, language, communication and shows poor performance in academic, social and cultural areas. As per psychological theory each child is unique and learns through some specific method, technique, and approaches but due to extrinsic and intrinsic cause the teachers/ therapist/parents and caregivers are not able to change desirable behavior of the child. To keep in mind Thompson (1987), has developed 'Mnemonics programme'Mnemonics programme is an adaptive package of methods, techniques and strategies by which a pre-school deaf child can enhance the language skills very easily with the minimum support.