jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cardiotonic Activity of Aryl‐ or Pyridyl‐Substituted Fused Imidazoles.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D Printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene by Fused Deposition Modeling: Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Method Analyses

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Additive manufacturing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was investigated based on statistical analysis via an optimization method. The present article discusses the influence of the layer thickness (LT), infill percentage (IP), and contours number (C) on the maximum failure load and elastic modulus of the final product of ABS. ABS is a low-cost manufacturing thermoplastic that can be easily fabricated, thermoformed, and machined. Chemical, stress, and creep resistance is all excellent in this thermoplastic material. ABS combines a good balance of impact, heat, chemical, and abrasion resistance with dimensional stability, tensile strength, surface hardness, rigidity, and electrical properties. To comprehend the impact of additive manufacturing parameters on the build quality, both artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface method (RSM) were used to model the data. The main characteristics of the build considered for modeling were ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus. Main effect plots and 3d plots were extracted from ANN and RSM models to analyze the process. The two models were compared in terms of their accuracy and capability to analyze the process. It was concluded that though ANN is more accurate in the prediction of the results, both tools can be used to model the mechanical properties of ABS formed by 3D printing. Both models yielded similar results and could effectively give the effect of each variable on the mechanical properties.
Context The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE(GFR) is used in the diagno-sis of chronic kidney disease(CKD)1,2 and is an indepen-dent predictor of all-cause and cardio-vascular mortality and kidney failure in a wide range of populations.3-6 Clinical guidelines recommend reporting esti-mated GFR when serum creatinine level is measured1,2; 84 % of US laboratories re-port estimatedGFR.7 Although theModi-fication of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation is recommended for es-timating GFR,1,2,8,9 the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) has recently proposed an al-ternative equation, which applies differ-ent coefficients to the same 4 variables used in the MDRD Study equation (age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level).10 The new CKD-EPI equation estimates measured GFR more accurately than the MDRD Study equation in most,10-18 butFor editorial comment see p 1976. Author Affiliations and a list of the investigators and collaborators for the Chronic Kidney Disease Prog-nosis Consortium appear at the end of this article.
SCOPING REVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON ASSESSMENT FORMAT IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL INSTITUTES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Technology enhanced assessment or e-assessment is an emerging approach across the globe and is adapted by almost all medical and dental institutes. The objective of this study is to report on effects of COVID-19 on assessment format of medical institutes. This review seeks to find which methods are being used for a changed assessment format and who is being affected by sudden change in assessment format and what facilitators and/or barriers have been reported related to the success and/or failure of changed assessment format. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This scoping review followed the methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005).Data sources including PubMed, Eric, Medline, Semantic scholar and Google scholar were searched for last 5 years of articles from 20016 to 2021 related to e-assessment in medical education. RESULTS: In total, 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. Open book exam was considered to be a new normal keeping in mind its strengths and advantages in an online format. Digital literacy plays an important role in the acceptance of technology enhanced assessment. Faculty need training to opt for this sudden change in teaching and assessment format. Connectivity issues need to be taken care of, as the whole format depends upon it. CONCLUSION: e-assessment was well accepted by most of the students. Future studies should target students inconvenience for online assessment. Also lack of e-learning experience of some staff need attention. Insufficiency of IT technicians should be overcome. High speed internet is the requirement of the day. New soft wares can be developed for a more reliable and valid assessment method
Absence of a reductase, NCB5OR, causes insulin-deficient diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

NCB5OR is a highly conserved NAD(P)H reductase that contains a cytochrome b5-like domain at the N terminus and a cytochrome b5 reductase-like domain at the C terminus. The enzyme is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is widely expressed in organs and tissues. Targeted inactivation of this gene in mice has no impact on embryonic or fetal viability. At 4 weeks of age, Ncb5or -/- mice have normal blood glucose levels but impaired glucose tolerance. Isolated Ncb5or -/- islets have markedly impaired glucose- or arginine-stimulated insulin secretion. By 7 weeks of age, these mice develop severe hyperglycemia with markedly decreased serum insulin levels and nearly normal insulin tolerance. As the animals age, there is a progressive loss of beta cells in pancreatic islets, but there is no loss of alpha, delta, or PP cells. Electron microscopy reveals degranulation of beta cells and hypertrophic and hyperplastic mitochondria, some of which contain electron dense inclusions. Four-week-old Ncb5or -/- mice have enhanced sensitivity to the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin. NCB5OR appears to play a critical role in protecting pancreatic beta cells against oxidant stress.
Capillary levelling as a probe of thin film polymer rheology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

While measuring the rheology of bulk polymer systems is routine, when the size of a system becomes comparable to molecular dimensions, properties of flow are hard to measure and poorly understood. We present the results of experiments that are easily performed and can probe the rheological properties of polymer films that are mere tens of nanometres in thickness. Glassy bilayer polymer films are prepared with height profiles well approximated by a step function. Upon annealing such stepped bilayer films above the glass transition, the height profiles broaden due to gradients in the Laplace pressure. By varying the molecular weights of the stepped films, we control the rate at which the broadening takes place. A scaling relation derived in the lubrication approximation is used to show that the rate of broadening is consistent with that expected from polymer rheology in the bulk, thus validating the technique as a uniquely versatile rheological probe for thin polymer films.
National Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Surveillance Framework and Recent Estimates

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives. Unintentional, non-fire-related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning in the United States. A comprehensive national CO poisoning surveillance framework is needed to obtain accurate estimates of CO poisoning burden and guide prevention efforts. This article describes the current national CO poisoning surveillance framework and reports the most recent national estimates. Methods. We analyzed mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death file, emergency department (ED) and hospitalization data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Projects Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and Nationwide Inpatient Sample, hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) data from HBOT facilities, exposure data from the National Poison Data System, and CO alarm prevalence data from the American Housing Survey and the National Health Interview Survey. Results. In the United States, 2,631 UNFR CO deaths occurred from 1999 to 2004, an average of 439 deaths annually. In 2007, there were 21,304 (71 per one million population) ED visits and 2,302 (eight per one million population) hospitalizations for confirmed cases of CO poisoning. In 2009, 552 patients received HBOT, and from 2000 to 2009, 68,316 UNFR CO exposures were reported to poison centers. Most nonfatal poisonings were among children (<18 years of age) and females; hospitalizations and deaths occurred more frequently among males and elderly people (>65 years of age). More poisonings occurred during winter months and in the Midwest and Northeast. Conclusions. UNFR CO poisoning poses a significant public health burden. Systematic evaluation of data sources coupled with modification and expansion of the surveillance framework might assist in developing effective prevention strategies.
Indirect Force Control of a Cable-Suspended Aerial Multi-Robot Manipulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present the control in physical interaction with the environment of a Cable-suspended Aerial Multi-Robot Manipulator (CS-AMRM) called the Fly-Crane, composed of three aerial vehicles towed to a platform by means of six cables. The control strategy enables the system to accurately and safely perform tasks involving expected or unexpected interactions between the platform and the environment, in the absence of dedicated force/torque sensors. A previously developed Inverse Kinematic Controller (IKC) is enhanced with an admittance framework, and contacts are estimated through a generalized momentum-based observer. To assess the validity of our approach, and to provide practical insights into the method, we perform extensive experimental tests, comprehending the admittance property shaping to modulate stiffness, damping, and virtual mass, as well as experiments in a more realistic scenario involving contacts between the Fly-Crane and the environment.
An equatorially symmetric rotator model for magnetic stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Suggested by theoretical and empirical investigations, a very simple magnetic field distribution at the surface of magnetic stars is proposed. This model corresponds to the superposition of a dipole and a quadrupole, both lying in the equatorial plane with their axes in the same direction. The observed variations of the effective magnetic field strength of the sixteen stars investigated can be represented surprisingly well with this model. When the quadrupole contribution is large, the variation of the magnetic field vector over the surface of the star differs characteristically from that of the decentred dipole model; thus the difficulty with the latter, regarding the representation of both the effective magnetic field and the mean surface field with the same parameters may perhaps be avoided.
Optimal control of a job-shop production system: Periodic versus dynamic type

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Following recent work of Matsui, Yang and Miya, the authors assume that jobshop production systems consist of the sales centre - with order-selection - and the production centre - with switch-over. This paper studies on the control problem of a job-shop Production system of periodic versus dynamic type. First, a stochastic model of semi-dynamic type is proposed, and the two sub-objective functions: the mean accepted price and the mean operating cost, are given. Next, a cooperative versus non-cooperative problem of sales and production centres is discussed, and the non-monotonicity of optimal selection criteria is again found. Finally, a comparison of the alternative periodic, dynamic and semi-dynamic types is given, and the optimal structure is found.
485: CUMULATIVE ANTIBIOTIC SPECTRUM SCORES AND THE RISK OF SUPERINFECTION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Superinfections (SI) with resistant pathogens have been identified as a major threat to the healthcare system. Antibiotic de-escalation is a widely used strategy to combat resistance by minimizing exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, but there is limited clinical evidence evaluating its impact. Our objective was to utilize an antibiotic spectrum score to evaluate the impact of exposure to antibiotics with varying degrees spectrum of activity on the risk of SI development. Methods: Adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock between 2010 and 2017 at a tertiary care hospital were retrospectively identified. Cohort entry was the first day of antibiotic exposure. Spectrum scores were calculated for every antibiotic and cumulative scores were assessed for each day of exposure. Primary outcome was the development of an SI (multi-drug resistant bacteria, Clostridioides difficile, or Candida species) > 3 days after cohort entry. Patients with no outcome by day 60 or death were censored. Univariate analyses were performed for the preliminary results. Results: A total of 10221 patients were included, with 2107 patients developing an SI. The SI cohort had higher baseline APACHE scores compared to those with no SI, (median [IQR] 17 [13–21] vs 16 [12-20]; p< 0.0001). They also had higher rates of renal disease (38.6% vs 34.0%), liver disease (27.9% vs 23.1%), COPD (42.0% vs 36.4%), and antibiotic exposure in the last 30 days (27.5% vs 22.5%) compared to the no SI cohort (all p< 0.0001). After cohort entry, the SI cohort were found to have increased days of exposure to mechanical ventilation (mean difference [MD] 0.90 days; 95% CI, 0.35-1.44; p = 0.0012), urinary catheters (MD 0.72 days; 95% CI, 0.18-1.27; p = 0.0088), and vasopressors (MD 0.59 days; 95% CI, 0.17-1.27; p = 0.0088) compared to those with no SI. Furthermore, the SI cohort had a higher duration of antibiotic exposure (median [IQR] 10 days [6-17] vs 10 [6-16]; p=0.0417) and non-significantly higher cumulative spectrum scores (median [IQR] 354 [205–579] vs 331 [210-551]; p=0.1524) compared to the no SI cohort. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings show that those developing an SI were sicker at baseline, had higher rates of antibiotics exposure (before and after cohort entry), and required more invasive management than those without SI.
From Consoles to Classrooms: Preliminary Insights About Pre-Service Teachers and Video Games

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Integrating video games into the classroom is a promising way to enhance learning experiences, as the market of serious games is expanding. European schools are investing in digital equipment, and the use of educational video games is technologically viable. Nonetheless, actual experiences of video games in class are still rare. A key gap to be explored is understanding how pre-service secondary teachers perceive and are prepared to use digital games in their future classrooms. Do they think it would enhance their teaching and their students’ learning? Do they feel prepared for it? To answer these questions, and possibly address future challenges, we conducted a comprehensive study with students at Zurich University of Teacher Education (PHZH). The research process began with the development and testing of a detailed questionnaire that focused on participants' personal gaming behaviour, preferences, and perceptions of the educational potential of video games. Key areas such as serious games, game design, gamification, game-based learning, and game culture were explored to assess the relevance and understanding of these concepts in an educational context. This paper explains the development and structure of the questionnaire as a measurement instrument as well as the underlying literature and methodological considerations. The first implementation and the preliminary survey with 48 PHZH students are presented, and the practicability and reliability of the questionnaire are evaluated. The result of the survey suggests pre-service teachers are generally positive about integrating video games and game design into the classroom, yet enthusiasm is not enough without additional support.
Vibrational spectroscopy for milk fat quantification: line shape analysis of the Raman and infrared spectra

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a systematic analysis of the infrared absorption spectra and Raman scattering of the triacylglycerol molecule predominant in raw bovine milk. Gas chromatography measurements were also performed and revealed the palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids as the most predominant fatty acids in the composition of milk. Based on the gas chromatography results, infrared, and Raman spectra of the triacylglycerol with this combination of fatty acids were simulated. The theoretical spectra were compared with the experimental ones of milk fat and fluid raw milk. Assignment of bands of milk fat was proposed, which can be used for a quality monitoring of the product. We also performed a multivariate model of partial least squares from samples of fluid milk with different concentrations of fat. As a result, the most important variables in the projection were selected as vibrational markers for quality monitoring and quantifying of this important constituent of milk. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5 CLONINGAND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWBORN OVARY HOMEOBOX GENE (NOBOX) IN CATTLE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Newborn ovary homeobox (NOBOX) is a homeobox gene that is preferentially expressed in the oocytes and is essential for folliculogenesis in mice. NOBOX knockout mice are infertile, and lack of NOBOX perturbs the expression of many germ-cell-specific genes and microRNAs. Furthermore, mutations in the NOBOX gene associated with premature ovarian failure have been described in humans. However, the temporal and cell-specific expression of NOBOX in bovine oocytes and the potential function of NOBOX in early embryogenesis have not been described previously. The objectives of this study were to clone the complementary (c)DNA encoding for bovine NOBOX, analyze the expression of NOBOX mRNA in bovine tissues including fetal ovaries of different developmental stages, and characterize the temporal expression patterns of NOBOX mRNA during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Based on the sequence of a predicted cDNA for bovine NOBOX, we successfully amplified, using RT-PCR, a cDNA fragment representing the coding region of bovine NOBOX from bovine fetal ovary cDNA. Additional 5' and 3' sequences were obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) procedures. The assembled full-length NOBOX cDNA is 2275 bp with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 500 amino acids with a conserved homeodomain and typical nuclear localization signal. The predicted NOBOX protein shares 61% and 49% amino acid sequence identity with its human and mouse counterparts, respectively. A BLAST search of the bovine genome database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) revealed that the bovine NOBOX gene is located on chromosome 4, spans approximately 5.5 kb, and is encoded by 7 exons. Northern blot analysis revealed an approximately 2.3-kb bovine NOBOX RNA transcript. RT-PCR analysis of RNA samples from a panel of 14 different bovine tissues revealed that expression of NOBOX mRNA is restricted to ovarian samples and can be detected in fetal ovaries harvested as early as 105 days of gestation, when primary follicles start to form. Further RT-PCR analysis using RNA isolated from oocytes and granulosa and cumulus cells of antral follicles indicates that bovine NOBOX is expressed in oocytes but not in other follicular cells. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that NOBOX mRNA is abundant in germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage oocytes, as well as from pronuclear to 8-cell stage embryos, but barely detectable in embryos collected at the morula and blastocyst stages, suggesting that NOBOX might be a maternal effect gene. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bovine NOBOX is specifically expressed in oocytes and may play a role in early embryonic development in addition to its known function in folliculogenesis.
Supplementary Table 3 from MicroRNAs miR-199a-5p and -3p Target the Brm Subunit of SWI/SNF to Generate a Double-Negative Feedback Loop in a Variety of Human Cancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Table 3 from MicroRNAs miR-199a-5p and -3p Target the Brm Subunit of SWI/SNF to Generate a Double-Negative Feedback Loop in a Variety of Human Cancers
Seasonal water‐level fluctuations and changes in macro‐benthic community structure in tropical reservoirs: A Sri Lankan case study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Seasonal water‐level fluctuations (WLFs) in reservoirs influence ecological processes, in turn affecting their benthic macroinvertebrate communities. The present study was carried out in 10 irrigation reservoirs of Sri Lanka to investigate the effects of seasonal WLFs on the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna. The study period was divided into two distinct phases: the drained period and the inundated period. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled during both periods and enumerated. Air temperature and soil quality parameters were also measured simultaneously, and hydrological data related to the Kala Oya River basin were obtained from irrigation authorities. Data analysis using non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling revealed two distinct reservoir groups, namely, Hydrological Stress Group 1 (HSG1) and Hydrological Stress Group 2 (HSG2). A low hydrological residence time and low relative reservoir level fluctuations (RRLF) characterized HSG1, with the opposite describing HSG2. Temporal variations of macrobenthos indicated a high taxa richness and diversity in HSG1 reservoirs during the drained period, with scrapers and collector‐gatherers being the dominant functional feeding groups. Reservoirs in the lower river basin (HSG1) exhibited a high taxa richness and diversity. During the inundated periods, insect taxa colonized, particularly, chironomids and ephemeropterans. Molluscan taxa were prominent during the drained periods. These observations highlight the influence of seasonal fluctuations of reservoir water levels on benthic macroinvertebrates. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in reservoirs were significantly influenced by the RRLF, manifesting the importance of hydrological regimes in reservoirs to develop macroinvertebrate metrics for water‐quality monitoring.