jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Simplified Analogs of the Natural Product Sordarin As Potential Antifungal Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Invasive fungal infection is a life-threatening illness that causes high mortality, and is especially common among patients with compromised immune systems. However, currently there are only three major classes of clinically useful drugs capable of treating such infections. In addition, due to the fact that drug resistance has become a serious issue especially among patients who suffer from chronic infections, it is urgent to identify new drug candidates, particular those of new classes. The discovery of the natural product sordarin and its novel mechanism of action of inhibiting fungal protein synthesis via the fungal eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) led to the development of a new class of antifungal agents that target eEF2. Despite the extensive efforts of multiple pharmaceutical companies striving to identify a clinically useful agent from this class, there has been no analog that has successfully reached clinical trials, perhaps due to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic profiles or limited spectra of activity. This study mainly focused on the synthesis of a series of simplified bicyclic sordarin analogs. By switching the parent sordarin molecule’s metabolically unstable cyclopentane to a more metabolically stable substituent, an improved pharmacokinetic profile could be achieved. This function-oriented synthesis approach also allows a more facile synthesis as compared with reported total syntheses. Two generations of novel bicyclic sordarin analogs were synthesized featuring a Diels-Alder reaction using a functionalized silyloxy-cyclopentadiene. The 1st-generation synthesis furnished an analog maintaining the minimum pharmacophore of a bicyclic carboxylic acid vicinal to a nitrile or aldehyde. In subsequent studies, five different strategies for constructing a C-2 quaternary center on the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core were studied in detail, and a synthetic route featuring a stereoselective alkylation at C-2 was developed, which gives access to more sophisticated bicyclic sordarin analogs, including those with glycone moieties. Five bicyclic sordarin analogs were synthesized and assessed against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, P. variotii and A. fumigatus. Although no antifungal activities were observed up to 8 µg/mL, the established synthetic route will enable unique structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that could generate promising antifungal agents targeting eEF2.
Good Practices in the Clinical Management of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Retrospective Analysis in a Third-Level Hospital in Mexico

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective . In Mexico, there has been an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease due to rising life expectancy, westernized lifestyle, lack of prevention, and industrialized exposure. This article describes the pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, and associated clinical complications in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their impact on in-hospital mortality frequency in a Cardiology Unit in Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Methods . This is a retrospective study including male and female patients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with ACS. The collected data included demographic characteristics, risk factors, medications, electrocardiograms, surgical procedures, and in-hospital deaths. Results . There are at least 20% more diagnoses of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in this hospital compared to the latest national reports in Mexico. The most common risk factors were type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidaemia. Diabetic patients with a clinical history of percutaneous coronary intervention had a higher risk of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction than nondiabetics (OR: 2.34; p=0.013), also smoking patients with previous heart surgery than nonsmokers (OR: 7.73; p=0.0007). The average in-hospital mortality was 3.6% for ACS. Conclusions . There is a higher percentage of coronary interventionism and improvement in pharmacological treatment, which is reflected in lower mortality. The substantial burden of T2DM could be related to a higher number of cases of STEMI. Diabetics with precedent percutaneous coronary intervention and smokers with previous heart surgery have an increased risk of subsequent infarction.
PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS Dependences of the Optical Characteristics of Al x Ga 1−x N Films on the Substrate Composition and Polarity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical properties of Ga- and N-polar triple nitrides AlxGa1 − xN with molar fractions of aluminum from 0 to 0.6 are studied by a nondestructive contactless method of spectroscopic ellipsom- etry. Correlation dependences of the shift of the fundamental absorption edge and the behavior of the real and imaginary parts of the pseudodielectric function on the composition x and polarity of the AlxGa1 − xN layers are revealed. It is verified that the polarity of the layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy is defined by the formation of the AlN nucleating layer.
Dissemination of sport-based psychosocial interventions in Europe: results from the EASMH project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Among psychosocial interventions, recent studies have highlighted that sport-based interventions can positively impact on the long-term outcomes of patients with severe mental disorders, in terms of improving their quality of life and promoting social inclusion. Although sport-based interventions should be considered an effective strategy for promoting patients’ recovery, few data are available on their dissemination in the clinical routine care in Europe. Objectives to evaluate the availability of sport-based psychosocial interventions in European countries. Methods In the framework of the EU-Erasmus+, the European Alliance for Sport and Mental Health (EASMH) project has been funded. In order to evaluate the availability of sport-based interventions, an ad-hoc online survey, sent to national mental health centres, has been developed. Results 103 responses were obtained (49 from Italy, 31 from UK, 17 from Finland and 12 from Romania). The respondents were mainly psychiatrists working in community mental health centers. Sport-based interventions were frequently provided by mental health services, in particular in Italy, UK and Finland. While in UK and Finland sport-based interventions are commonly offered to all patients, in the other countries these are provided only by patient’s request. The most frequent types of sport practised were: running, football, volleyball, tennis and table tennis and basketball. Almost all respondents reported to not use a dedicated monitoring tool for evaluating the efficacy of those interventions. Conclusions Sport-based interventions are not frequently provided in the routine clinical settings, although no monitoring tools are routinely adopted. The EASMHaims to fill this gap by disseminating good clinical practice related to sport-based interventions. Disclosure No significant relationships.
RESPONSE TO SODIUM CHLORIDE SALINITY AND EXCESS BORON IN GREENHOUSE TOMATO GROWN IN SEMI-CLOSED SUBSTRATE CULTURE IN A MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity and boron (B) toxicity were investigated in greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown in closed soilless culture under the typical climatic conditions occurring in the Mediterranean regions. The experiment was conducted under semi-commercial conditions. Two NaCl (2.0 and 10.0 mol m−3) and B (27.8 and 185.0 mmol m−3) concentrations were combined to produce four different types of raw water used to prepare the nutrient solutions. The fertigation treatment did not affect significantly the uptake of water and mineral elements apart from that of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and B. The use of B-enriched water increased the accumulation of this element in the leaves, which showed marginal chlorosis and necrosis within 35–40 days from planting. No or minor effects of NaCl and B concentrations in the irrigation water were found on leaf area development, biomass accumulation, crop yield and fruit quality.
1550 nm DFB semiconductor lasers with high power and low noise

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a high power and low noise DFB laser design. The laser has good performance with output power over 200 mW, side-mode suppression ratio over 50 dB, and related intensity noise (RIN) less than -165 dB/Hz in a wide frequency range. We have modeled the performance of Buried Heterostructure (BH) laser and ridge-waveguide laser. Since the BH laser has a build-in index guiding waveguide, the laser mode is very stable, the relaxation oscillations are suppressed, resulting in peak RIN which is much lower than that of the ridge-waveguide laser. In addition, the BH laser has good confinement of the injected carriers in the cavity, the laser threshold current is very low, and the RIN peak is pushed to high frequency at high bias.
A Continuous-Time Bayesian Network Reliability Modeling, and Analysis Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a continuous-time Bayesian network (CTBN) framework for dynamic systems reliability modeling and analysis. Dynamic systems exhibit complex behaviors and interactions between their components; where not only the combination of failure events matters, but so does the sequence ordering of the failures. Similar to dynamic fault trees, the CTBN framework defines a set of 'basic' BN constructs that capture well-defined system components' behaviors and interactions. Combining, in a structured way, the various 'basic' Bayesian network constructs enables the user to construct, in a modular and hierarchical fashion, the system model. Within the CTBN framework, one can perform various analyses, including reliability, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses. All the analyses allow the user to obtain closed-form solutions.
A fundamental noise limit for biased resistors at low temperatures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A biased resistor at low temperature T is modelled by a degenerate Fermi gas whose electrons scatter from phonons in thermal equilibrium and impurities while moving in the presence of a finite electric field E. A nonperturbative solution of the Boltzmann equation valid for thin films yields a Fermi-like steady state distribution characterized by an effective temperature T* (&gt;T). For large fields the energy scale (T*) is set by the energy (eEl*) absorbed in an inelastic mean free path (l*∝T*−3/2). This yields T* proportional to E2/5. At low temperatures and frequencies the Johnson noise temperature is T*, independent of the bath temperature for large fields.
III. Current Status of Consultation System for HTLV-1 Carrier

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

妊婦健診においてヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス1型（human T-cell leukemia virus type 1：HTLV-1）検査が必須項目となり，妊婦健診で判明したHTLV-1キャリア妊婦に対する相談支援体制の構築が必要となった．当初，HTLV-1キャリアの一次相談窓口としての保健所が想定されたが，キャリアが求める相談内容は多彩であり，保健所だけでは解決できない問題も多い．特にカウンセリングや授乳相談，相談窓口におけるHTLV-1ウイルスの認知度の差，相談体制の地域差等を考慮すると，地域の基幹施設との連携を基盤としたキャリア相談窓口の整備が必要である．
A Clear Mirror on Which to Reflect

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to distinguish beneficial and non-beneficial support for men in same-sex friendships. The empirical material was gathered using thematic interviews with 25 Finnish men. Two supportive sequences and five beneficial support approaches were identified. These approaches were listening, compassion, reassurance, appraisal, and distraction. Men described the quality of beneficial support as subtle, authentic, and honest. The results showed that men favored implicit, responsive support over initiated verbal behaviors. The purpose of such support was to be supportive of the seeker’s autonomy and to represent an emotionally solid friend who is unbiased but motivated to support. To determine beneficial support to a group of people, studies need to consider situational factors such as relationship and culture. The results are discussed in light of previous research on supportive communication.
Did Dostoevsky Unravel the Mystery of Man?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his very first youth Dostoevsky defined his life program, set for himself an aim for which it would be worth living life. His program was to unravel the mystery of man, and it was consistently pursued by the writer through all his life and works. Was it a process of constant search, or did the writer find out the answer to the mystery? This is the topic of the article.
Electronic aggregated data collection on cervical cancer screening in Bangladesh since 2014: what the data tells us?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction To reduce the high prevalence of cervical cancers among the Bangladeshi women, the Government of Bangladesh established a national cervical cancer screening programme in 2005 for women aged 30 to 60 years. The District Health Information System Version 2 (DHIS2) based electronic aggregated data collection system is used since the year 2013. This study summarises data from the year 2014 to 2022 to assess the effectiveness of the electronic data collection system in understanding the outcome of the screening programme. Methods This is a descriptive study based on secondary data extracted in MS Excel from the DHIS2-based electronic repository of the national cervical cancer screening programme of Bangladesh. The respondents were women aged 30–60 years, screened for cervical cancer using VIA (Visual Inspection of cervix with Acetic acid) method in 465 government health facilities. The data were collected on the participants' residential location, month and year of screening, name and type of health facilities performing VIA, and VIA screening results. Results The national screening programme reported a total 3.36 million VIA tests from 465 government hospitals in 8 years (2014 to 2022). The national average VIA-positivity rate was 3.6%, which varied from 1.4 to 9.5% among the districts. This national screening programme witnessed an exponential growth, year after year, with 83.3% increase in VIA test from 2014 to 2022. The primary and the secondary care hospitals were the highest collective contributors of VIA tests (86.2%) and positive cases (77.8%). The VIA-positivity rates in different hospital types varied widely, 7.0% in the medical university hospital, 5.7% in the medical college hospitals, 3.9% in the district/general hospitals, and 3.0% in the upazila health complexes. Conclusions A national cervical cancer screening programme using VIA method and a DHIS2-based electronic data collection backbone, is effective, sustainable, and useful to understand the screening coverage, VIA positivity rate and geographic distribution of the participants and case load to initiate policy recommendations and actions. Decentralization of the screening programme and more efforts at the primary and secondary care level is required to increase screening performances.
Gene expression characteristics of FGF-10 and its receptor Bek in fetal skins and appendages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10) and its receptor (Bek) in fetal skin at different development stages and their potential biological significance in the occurrence of the appendages.Methods Fetal skin biopsies of human embryo were obtained from spontaneous abortions at different gestational ages from 12-32 weeks.The morphological characteristics of skin were compared at different developmental stages with pathological methods,further the gene expression of FGF-10 and Bek was detected in skin at corresponding stages by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.Results The gene expression of FGF-10 and Bek could all be detected in fetal skins and was progressively elevated in the period of appendages formation and was decreased in the later gestational age.Conclusion Characteristic expression of endogenous FGF-10 and its receptor Bek may be involved in the development of the skin appendages at embryonic stage and in the maintenance of cutaneous structure and physiological function.
“The Noblest Deed in a Hundred Years”: Polish Participation in the Antislavery Crusade

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 2018 “The Noblest Deed in a Hundred Years”: Polish Participation in the Antislavery Crusade James S. Pula James S. Pula James S. Pula is a professor of history at Purdue University-North Central. The author and editor of more than a dozen books on the Polish diaspora and the American Civil War, he served as editor-in-chief of The Polish American Encyclopedia and was the editor of the academic journal Polish American Studies for some thirty-three years. His work has been honored with the Mieczysław Haiman Award for sustained scholarly contributions, the Distinguished Service Award from the American Council for Polish Culture, three Oskar Halecki Prizes for various books, the Rudewicz Medal, and the Officer’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Polish American Studies (2018) 75 (1): 7–40. https://doi.org/10.5406/poliamerstud.75.1.0007 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation James S. Pula; “The Noblest Deed in a Hundred Years”: Polish Participation in the Antislavery Crusade. Polish American Studies 1 January 2018; 75 (1): 7–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/poliamerstud.75.1.0007 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressPolish American Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2018 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cytoreductive Strategies in the Treatment of Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin: Results of a Transdisciplinary National Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Many patients are not referred to centers specializing in the treatment of peritoneal malignancies.This survey evaluates Canadian physician attitudes toward the role of cytoreduction in treating colorectal carcinomatosis.Methods: A discrete-choice questionnaire containing a hypothetical scenario surveyed physician preferences for the management of colorectal carcinomatosis.Results: Three mail-outs yielded a 49% response rate (217 responses).For synchronous colorectal carcinomatosis, 28.6% favoured cytoreduction with or without HIPEC plus systemic chemotherapy, and 18.9% cytoreduction with HIPEC alone.For metachronous carcinomatosis, 27.4% favoured cytoreduction with or without HIPEC plus systemic chemotherapy, and 14.9% cytoreduction with HIPEC alone.For metachronous carcinomatosis with a single liver metastasis, 24.6% favoured cytoreduction with or without HIPEC plus systemic chemotherapy, and 4.6% cytoreduction with HIPEC alone. Conclusion:Most physicians do not favor cytoreduction in the treatment of colorectal carcinomatosis.Knowledge translation strategies are needed to improve awareness regarding its utility in specific clinical scenarios.
Discrete, continuous, and stochastic models of protein sorting in the Golgi apparatus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in processing and sorting proteins and lipids in eukaryotic cells. Golgi compartments constantly exchange material with each other and with other cellular components, allowing them to maintain and reform distinct identities despite dramatic changes in structure and size during cell division, development, and osmotic stress. We have developed three minimal models of membrane and protein exchange in the Golgi-a discrete, stochastic model, a continuous ordinary differential equation model, and a continuous stochastic differential equation model-each based on two fundamental mechanisms: vesicle-coat-mediated selective concentration of cargoes and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins during vesicle formation and SNARE-mediated selective fusion of vesicles. By exploring where the models differ, we hope to discover whether the discrete, stochastic nature of vesicle-mediated transport is likely to have appreciable functional consequences for the Golgi. All three models show similar ability to restore and maintain distinct identities over broad parameter ranges. They diverge, however, in conditions corresponding to collapse and reassembly of the Golgi. The results suggest that a continuum model provides a good description of Golgi maintenance but that considering the discrete nature of vesicle-based traffic is important to understanding assembly and disassembly of the Golgi. Experimental analysis validates a prediction of the models that altering guanine nucleotide exchange factor expression levels will modulate Golgi size.
Identification and Estimation of Risk Aversion in First Price Auctions With Unobserved Auction Heterogeneity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We extent the point-identification result in Guerre, Perrigne, and Vuong (2009) to environments with one-dimensional unobserved auction heterogeneity. We also show a robustness result for the case where the exclusion restriction used for point identification is violated: We provide conditions to ensure that the primitives recovered under the violated exclusion restriction still bound the true primitives in this case. We propose a new Sieve Maximum Likelihood Estimator, show its consistency and illustrate its finite sample performance in a Monte Carlo experiment. We investigate the bias in risk aversion estimates if unobserved auction heterogeneity is ignored and explain why the sign of the bias depends on the correlation between the number of bidders and the unobserved auction heterogeneity. In an application to USFS timber auctions we find that the bidders are risk neutral, but we would reject risk neutrality without accounting for unobserved auction heterogeneity.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Colonialism was fundamentally a project of economic exploitation. The project to extract and exploit productive labor however required that the colonial state form a knowledge base of their subjects. As the British merchants became rulers of India, they had to develop an understanding of Indian society. The anxiety that the colonizers felt in their inability to understand Indians, their customs, religions, state structures, and various other facets of life led them to produce and catalog a "knowledge" of Indian society. During the initial stages of colonialism, this project was driven by a general fascination with India's ancient past—for it was their understanding that it was in the ancient past that an "unsullied" knowledge of India could be found. Beginning in the early nineteenth century however, the colonial state increasingly sought to explain the backwardness of India through racial differences—an understanding that dominated colonial state's politics and policies until the twentieth century.