jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity and Antioxidant Capacity of Thyme, Rosemary and Clove Essential Oils and Their Mixtures

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., TEO), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., REO) and clove essential oils (Syzygium aromaticum L., CEO) and their mixtures (TEO/REO, TEO/CEO, REO/CEO and TEO/REO/CEO) at 1/1 ratio have been evaluated. The agar well diffusion method has been used for screening the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. For the antioxidant capacity of essential oils and their mixtures, FRAP and DPPH scavenging activity methods have been applied. All of the essential oils and their mixtures have shown an antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms and an increased antioxidant capacity. TEO has displayed the highest inhibition zones against B. subtilis, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. In general, the mixing of TEO with other essential oils has caused a decrease of its antimicrobial activity when compared with TEO alone. The lowest antimicrobial activity has been observed from REO alone and mixing REO with TEO and/or CEO has led to an increase of the antimicrobial activity of REO. The FRAP value of essential oils and their mixtures have ranged from 254.83 to 721.16 mM Fe (II)/mL, while the DPPH scavenging activity values have ranged from 0.155 to 4.121 μL oil. All the essential oils and their mixtures have displayed an antioxidant capacity, however the highest antioxidant capacity have been determined by using CEO in both methods, followed by TEO, and REO has showed the lowest antioxidant capacity. These results support the utilization of essential oils extracted from thyme, rosemary and clove and their mixtures at 1/1 ratio as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in the food industry.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Supplementary Figure S5 from Inhibition of p70S6K1 Activation by Pdcd4 Overcomes the Resistance to an IGF-1R/IR Inhibitor in Colon Carcinoma Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S5: Semi-quantitative analyses of the Western blot result of HCT116 cells treated with OSI-906 in Fig. 3B</p>
Analysis of differential splicing suggests different modes of short-term splicing regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Alternative splicing is an important mechanism in which the regions of pre-mRNAs are differentially joined in order to form different transcript isoforms. Alternative splicing is involved in the regulation of normal physiological functions but also linked to the development of diseases such as cancer. We analyse differential expression and splicing using RNA-sequencing time series in three different settings: overall gene expression levels, absolute transcript expression levels and relative transcript expression levels. Results: Using estrogen receptor α signaling response as a model system, our Gaussian process-based test identifies genes with differential splicing and/or differentially expressed transcripts. We discover genes with consistent changes in alternative splicing independent of changes in absolute expression and genes where some transcripts change whereas others stay constant in absolute level. The results suggest classes of genes with different modes of alternative splicing regulation during the experiment. Availability and Implementation: R and Matlab codes implementing the method are available at https://github.com/PROBIC/diffsplicing . An interactive browser for viewing all model fits is available at http://users.ics.aalto.fi/hande/splicingGP/ Contact: hande.topa@helsinki.fi or antti.honkela@helsinki.fi Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An accelerated preconditioned proximal gradient algorithm with a generalized Nesterov momentum for PET image reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an Accelerated Preconditioned Proximal Gradient Algorithm (APPGA) for effectively solving a class of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image reconstruction models with differentiable regularizers. We establish the convergence of APPGA with the Generalized Nesterov (GN) momentum scheme, demonstrating its ability to converge to a minimizer of the objective function with rates of $o(1/k^{2ω})$ and $o(1/k^ω)$ in terms of the function value and the distance between consecutive iterates, respectively, where $ω\in(0,1]$ is the power parameter of the GN momentum. To achieve an efficient algorithm with high-order convergence rate for the higher-order isotropic total variation (ITV) regularized PET image reconstruction model, we replace the ITV term by its smoothed version and subsequently apply APPGA to solve the smoothed model. Numerical results presented in this work indicate that as $ω\in(0,1]$ increase, APPGA converges at a progressively faster rate. Furthermore, APPGA exhibits superior performance compared to the preconditioned proximal gradient algorithm and the preconditioned Krasnoselskii-Mann algorithm. The extension of the GN momentum technique for solving a more complex optimization model with multiple nondifferentiable terms is also discussed.
A new method of determining the orientation of crystals using a Weissenberg goniometer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new method, involving the use of a Weissenberg goniometer, is described for finding the orientation of a crystal of known cell size and shape, when it is orientated arbitrarily on the goniometer head. A single photograph in the equi-inclination setting is taken and interpreted in terms of the positions of reflecting reciprocal points. A graphical method of finding the orientation of the crystallographic axes from the directions of the normals to the indexed lattice planes is given. This is illustrated by a practical example. Also the analytical procedure which can be employed in conjunction with a computer is described.
Superkid : a radio documentary.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Includes Appendices: 1 Radio Documentary. Superkid is a 23-minute radio documentary focusing on the grooming of “superkids” from a young age through child enrichments in Singapore. The issue of children leading stressful lifestyles in Singapore has perhaps become a cultural fact. The school curriculum is revised regularly so as to keep the quality of made-in-Singapore human capital abreast or even above the world class standard.
Intrinsic alignments of disc and elliptical galaxies in the MassiveBlack-II and Illustris simulations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the shapes and intrinsic alignments of discs and elliptical galaxies in the MassiveBlack-II (MBII) and Illustris cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, with volumes of (100 <it>h</it>−1 Mpc)3 and (75 <it>h</it>−1 Mpc)3, respectively. We find that simulated disc galaxies are more oblate in shape and more misaligned with the shape of their host dark matter subhalo when compared with ellipticals. The disc major axis is found to be oriented towards the location of nearby elliptical galaxies. We also find that the discs are thinner in MBII and misalignments with dark matter halo orientations are smaller in both discs and ellipticals when compared with Illustris. As a result, the intrinsic alignment correlation functions at fixed mass have a higher amplitude in MBII than in Illustris. Finally, at scales above ∼0.1 <it>h</it>−1 Mpc, the intrinsic alignment two-point correlation functions for disc galaxies in both simulations are consistent with a null detection, unlike those for ellipticals. Despite significant differences in the treatments of hydrodynamics and baryonic physics in the simulations, we find that the <it>w</it><inf>δ +</inf> correlation function scales similarly with transverse separation. However, the less massive galaxies show different scale dependence in the ellipticity-direction correlation. This result indicates that, while hydrodynamic simulations are a promising tool to study intrinsic alignments, further study is needed to understand the impact of differences in the implementations of hydrodynamics and baryonic feedback.
Improving directional radiation quality based on a gradient amplitude acoustic leaky wave antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, we show how to modify radiation amplitude with a leaky wave antenna to improve the quality of sound radiation. The designed gradient amplitude leaky wave antenna consists of a straight pipe with periodically loaded membranes, open channels and Helmholtz resonators. An equivalent acoustic composite right/left-hand transmission line that considers the effects of viscous-thermal and viscous-elastic losses is utilized to steer the radiation angle continually from backward to forward as a function of the incident frequency. The numerical results show that by appropriately selecting the structural parameters of the channel and Helmholtz resonator cavity, the quality of the directional radiation is improved based on the gradient distribution of the radiation amplitude and the near unitary phase. Compared with traditional antennas, the proposed gradient amplitude antenna incorporates a frequency scanning capability with gradient amplitude, which improves the directivity quality of the acoustic waves among the operated frequency band, and provides a new design method for acoustic leaky wave antennas.
Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and Moran’s I in Spatial Political Analysis of the 2024 Election in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

This Study investigates the spatial dynamics of voter participation and party support in the 2024 legislative election in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Drawing on official electoral data from the General Election Commission (KPU), we analyze 2,236,603 registered voters across 13 districts and cities, with an overall turnout rate of 81.62%. Employing spatial statistical methods, Global Moran’s I and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA), implemented through Geoda, the study explores whether electoral outcomes reveal clustered, dispersed, or random spatial patterns. The results demonstrate that voter turnout exhibits significant geographical disparities, with higher participation in mainland districts such as Parigi Moutong (80%) and Buol (85%), and lower participation in peripheral island areas such as Banggai Laut (85% but numerically small) and Palu (76%). Spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals strong clustering for several parties, notably PDIP (Moran’s I = 0.61, p < 0.01), Demokrat (0.35, p < 0.01), and PKB (0.30, p 0.01) in specific regions, while others, such as Nasdem (0.08, p > 0.05), display random distributions. LISA results further identify localized hotspots of party support (e.g., PDIP in Toili-Banggai, Demokrat in Luwuk, and Nasdem in Tolitoli) as well as coldspots in weaker areas, highlighting fragmented competition in urban centers such as Palu. These findings underscore the importance of spatial approaches to electoral analysis in emerging democracies. They also carry practical implications for electoral management bodies to address turnout disparities and for political parties to refine geographically targeted campaign strategies.
Image 1_Relationship between the cognitive load and the learning success in applying force diagrams: eye-tracking study.jpeg

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction This paper is concerned with investigating the cognitive demands of solving force diagram tasks in different scenarios, specifically in the wind context. Methods In this study, students were trained using worked examples and then completed tasks in two different scenarios while their eye movements were monitored with eye-tracking technology. After completing the tasks, cognitive load was assessed to evaluate the impact of task complexity on cognitive processing. Eye-tracking metrics were analyzed in detail to identify gaze strategies, differences and similarities. Results It was found that a three-force scenario (surface wind formation) induced a higher intrinsic cognitive load than a two-force scenario, which is not only theoretically justified by cognitive load theory, but also confirmed by eye-tracking metrics. Although correlation analyses show no significant relationship between the ability to mentally rotate and learning success, the role of mental rotation in problem solving is highlighted by eye-tracking data. Discussion Our results contribute to a better understanding of the learning and problem-solving mechanisms involved in wind direction determination and offer possible implications for the design of more effective teaching and learning methods in this area.
Responsibility and Justice: A View Across Cultures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A psychological theory needs both universal and specific components in order to describe and predict human behaviour across cultures. It is argued that the purpose of conducting cross‐cultural studies is not merely to demonstrate cultural variations in human behaviour, but also to build better universal laws so that we can generalize from culture to culture. From this cross‐cultural point of view, the six papers of this special issue are discussed. The distinction between individualism and collectivism, as an example, is evaluated in relation to a specific case—Japanese culture—and a few observations are made, including the suggestion that variances associated with within‐culture sources are often larger than between‐culture variances. Finally, the implications of cross‐cultural studies in a rapidly changing world are discussed.
Decreased RNA‐binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U improves multiple myeloma sensitivity to lenalidomide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell cancer in the bone marrow. Immunomodulatory drugs, such as lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide, are backbone agents in MM treatment, and LEN resistance is commonly seen in the MM clinic. In this study, we presented that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) affected MM resistance to LEN via the regulation of target mRNA translation. hnRNPU Low MM cells exhibited upregulated CRBN and IKZF1 proteins, stringent IKZF1/3 protein degradation upon LEN addition and increased sensitivity to LEN. RNA pulldown assays and RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that hnRNPU bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of CRBN and IKZF1 mRNA. A sucrose gradient assay suggested that hnRNPU specifically regulated CRBN and IKZF1 mRNA translation. The competition of hnRNPU binding to its target mRNAs by small RNAs with hnRNPU‐binding sites restored MM sensitivity to LEN. hnRNPU function in vivo was confirmed in an immunocompetent MM mouse model constructed by the inoculation of Crbn ‐humanized murine 5TGM1 cells into Crbn I391V/+ mice. Overall, this study suggests a novel mechanism of LEN sensitivity in which hnRNPU represses CRBN and IKZF1 mRNA translation.
Multiple sources of right to an effective remedy in EU migration and asylum law: Towards common standards on judicial protection?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Along with the progressive insertion of the right to an effective remedy in instruments of secondary legislation in different sub-areas of EU migration and asylum law, the question of interplay between the right to an effective remedy guaranteed at the level of primary law (Article 47 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights) and secondary law has been gaining more and more importance for the determination of boundaries between matters covered by EU law and those governed by national legislation. The present contribution will seek to examine the interactions between Article 47 of the Charter and the relevant provisions of secondary law in the field of migration and asylum. It will demonstrate that despite dense codification of the right to an effective remedy in different instruments of secondary law, Article 47 of the Charter continues to play a significant role in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU concerning procedural guarantees conferred upon migrants and asylum seekers. A particular emphasis will be put on the analysis of recent case law developments that reveal the potential of Article 47 of the Charter to serve as a main tool for readjustment of national procedural rules.
Implementation of an Allergic Reaction Reporting Tool for School Health Personnel: A Pilot Study of Three Chicago Schools

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Food allergy (FA) impacts 8% of U.S. children, thus it is critical to document allergic reactions to assist schools in managing FAs. We implemented and evaluated an online tool to assist school health personnel in tracking the characteristics of allergic reactions occurring at schools. The Online School Allergic Reaction Registry (OScARR) was modified from the Epinephrine Administration Form developed by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, adapted for integration into existing school health records, and implemented in three Chicago schools during the 2016–2017 school year. All allergic reactions occurring at participating schools were recorded by school nurses. Twenty-five percent of the 20 allergic reactions reported were characterized as anaphylaxis by school nurses. School nurses reported that they would recommend OScARR for use in other schools. Detailed data obtained from three Chicago schools underscore the importance of proper documentation to improve the understanding of the causative allergen and location and management of allergic reactions in schools.
ChemInform Abstract: Isotopic Exchange Reactions Occurring in the Hydrogenation of (1,5‐Cyclooctadiene)dialkylplatinum(II) Complexes Over Platinum Black.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The extent of deuterium incorporation into cyclooctane during reduction of (cod)Pt(RD)2 complexes (RD: deuterium‐labeled alkyl groups) with H 2 over Pt black is determined as a function of the structure of the alkyl group and the position of the D label in it.
'stuff' versus 'things': Neural processing of the material properties and geometric form of objects in human visual pathways

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Almost all fMRI studies of object recognition have focused on the geometric structure of objects. Little attention has been paid to the recognition of material properties from surface-based visual cues. Even when the processing of surface-based cues, such as colour and texture, has been studied, it has been in the context of using these cues to reveal the geometric structure of objects. Thus, the goal of the current experiment was to uncover the functional geography of occipito-temporal brain areas mediating the processing of ‘stuff’ (material properties) versus ‘things’ (geometric form). Using fMRI, we scanned participants as they attended to either the 3-D structure or the material properties of the same unfamiliar ‘nonsense’ objects. Attention was manipulated by asking participants to perform a discrimination task in which they had to decide whether pairs of objects had the same or different 3-D geometry, or whether the objects shared the same or different material properties (wood, granite, steel, plastic, etc.). We also included trials in which participants had to decide whether the pairs of objects had the same or different orientation. Results indicated that there was significantly more activation in the lateral-occipital area (area LO) when attention was directed to the 3-D structure (compared to both orientation and material properties) of objects. In contrast, areas in the fusiform gyrus (including the fusiform face area and area V8) and parahippocampal cortex (including the parahippocampal place area) responded preferentially when participants attended to the material properties of objects. [Interestingly, an area in the caudal intraparietal sulcus (area cIPS) was more sensitive to the orientation of objects, compared to 3-D geometry and material properties.] We conclude that object recognition is subserved in part by functionally separable occipito-temporal brain regions mediating the processing of ‘stuff’ versus ‘things’.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI MAGGOT DENGAN PAKAN KOMERSIL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Feed that has a high nutritional content can increase fish growth. One of the natural feeds that can be used is maggot which can be given to fish and can be cultivated by humans so that its availability is always continuous. This research aims to find out the combination of maggot feed with commercial feed as an effort to reduce feed costs in aquaculture activities. This research was conducted in March November 2022 with a trial period of 28 days on May 9 June 9, 2022. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (40% maggot + 60% commercial feed, 50% maggot + 50% commercial feed, maggot 60% + 40% commercial feed, and Control) and 3 replications. The fish used were Nile Tilapia measuring 4.00 g obtained from the Bayongbong Fisheries Technical Implementation Unit and then randomly stocked into 12 containers. The test parameters included length growth, weight growth, specific weight growth rate, feed efficiency, and survival rate. The results showed that giving maggot combined with commercial feed had a significant effect on the length growth, weight growth, and specific weight growth rate (P<0.05). The best growth was found in treatment of 50% maggot + 50% commercial feed (length growth 3.500 ± 0.100 cm, weight growth 4.400 ± 0.111 g, and specific weight growth rate 3.780 ± 0.017%/day). The combination of maggot and commercial feed had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the survival rate and feed efficiency of Nile Tilapia.
A Study on the Epiphyllous Liverworts from Matoushan Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fourteen species of epiphyllous liverworts, belonging to 10 genera and 5 families, have been found in Matoushan nature reserve. It is a new distribution range from Wuyi Mt. in Jiangxi Province. The most common species are Leptolejeunea elliptica, Lejeunea flava. 3 species, namely, Cololejeunea shikokiana, Pedinolejeunea Pseudolatilobula, P.liukiuensis, are new records to Jiangxi. Bazzania tricrenata is a new epiphyllous record to China. The distribution of epiphyllous liverworts is 450-950m above sea level in the evergreen broadleaved forests. The flora, distribution character and phorophytes of epiphyllous liverworts are also discussed in this paper.
Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The evidence from the literature does not support the notion that psychotropic drugs with central anticholinergic properties (antiparkinsonian drugs, neuroleptics, antidepressants) constitute a risk factor in tardive dyskinesia. Antiparkinsonian drugs tend to produce reversible increases in the severity of dyskinetic movements and can be used as pharmacological probes in the assessment of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders.