jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The mother's house of the San Francisco Zoo: the art of engendering space in the modern city

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Mother's House of the San Francisco Zoo opened in 1925 as a sanctuary for women visiting the grounds, and in the 1930s, was ornamented through an ambitious decorative program sponsored by the Public Works of Art Project. The program consists of long-overlooked murals painted by Helen Forbes (1891–1945) and Dorothy Pucinelli (1901–1974), and large-scale mosaics executed by the Bruton sisters—Margaret (1894–1983), Esther (1896–1992), and Helen (1898–1985). While the Mother's House could be interpreted as symbolizing a gilded cage that restricted woman's agency within the modern city, it can also be read as expanding women's roles in the public sphere. My article examines the Mother's House as a case study of the gendering of space wherein the site served not to inhibit woman's movement and participation in the modern city, but rather expanded the feminine realm beyond the domestic sphere, as well as supported the professionalization of women as public artists.
Candida albicans Infection and Genotypes identification among children less than 5 years old

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The most common yeast infecting humans are the genus Candida. Candida albicans, which are involved in the major opportunistic yeast infection in the world candidiasis, but continue to be the most common among the species of the genus. While this yeast is responsible for around 50-90% of human candidiasis. Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that has attracted growing interest in both clinical and basic biology. The aim of this study is to isolation and identification, with molecular detection of C.albicans genotypes from children in AlZahraa Hospital in Diyala city by routine laboratory procedure. Two hundred oral and dermal samples of children less than five years old referred to ALZahraa Hospital, during the period (October 2022 to February 2023). were collected by direct microscopic examination, cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and microscopic examination of colonies and sub cultured on CHROM agar which is selective media to identify candida species. The result of this regarding to baby information oral Candida spp. showed that the percentage of UTI in the oral samples was (20%), the percentage of GIT (40%) and the percentage of oral thrush (40%). In addition to the above we note the percentage of C.albicans in the dermal samples was (42%) and percentage of oral thrush (6%) and percentage of diaper rash (50%). Also the percentage of UTI in the mix samples was (12%) and percentage of GIT (44%) and the percentage of diaper rash (44%). For identification of C.albicans genotypes, the PCR amplification revealed two genotypes (A) and (A, C) a single amplification product size (450 bp) for 15 isolates conceder as A genotype and single amplification product size (840 bp) for 1 isolate and called B genotype in addition to type of two amplification sizes (450 and 840 bp) for 4 isolates and this categorized as C genotype.
Classical prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer: the DBCG experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Classical prognostic factors were analyzed in patients with low-risk primary breast cancer, defined as absence of tumor-positive axillary lymph nodes, tumor size less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter, and no invasion into skin or deep fascia. The primary surgical treatment was total mastectomy and lower axillary dissection. None of the patients received adjuvant therapy. Between 1977 and 1990, 7315 patients entered the study, and at the time of this analysis (January 1, 1990), the median follow-up time is 5 years. In univariate analyses, the following variables were significantly related to recurrence-free survival: age in premenopausal patients; tumor size; number of negative nodes removed; histological grade; and in premenopausal patients, estrogen receptor and progesterone (PgR) status. In multivariate analyses, age in premenopausal patients was the most important factor, followed by tumor size and histological grade, whereas PgR status in premenopausal patients was just of borderline significance. These variables should be included in multivariate analyses testing the value of more recently introduced prognostic factors.
New insights into bacterial cell-wall structure and physico-chemistry: implications for interactions with metal ions and minerals

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Prokaryotes are the Earth's smallest life form and, yet, have the largest surface area : volume ratio of all cells (Beveridge, 1988, 1989a). They are also the most ancient form of life and have persisted on Earth for at least 3.6 × 109 years, even in some of the most extreme environments imaginable, such as the deep subsurface. Most of these early primitive (and today's modern) natural environments possess reasonably high amounts of metal ions that are capable of precipitation under suitable pH or redox conditions. Deep-seated in such geochemical situations is the likelihood of suitable interfaces that lower the local free energy, so that interfacial metal precipitation is promoted. Bacteria, being minute and having highly reactive surfaces (interfaces), are exquisitely efficient environmental particles for metal-ion adsorption and mineral nucleation. Metal ions interact with available reactive groups (or ligands) on the bacterial surface and precipitates grow as environmental counter-ions interact with more and more metal at the site (Beveridge & Murray, 1976, 1980; Beveridge et al., 1982; Ferris & Beveridge, 1986; Fortin et al., 1998). Once formed, these precipitates are under the influence of natural geochemical and additional microbially mediated conditions (Lee & Beveridge, 2001) that instigate the development of fine-grain minerals, usually via dehydration, so that crystalline phases are eventually developed (Beveridge et al., 1983). These minerals commence as so-called ‘nano-mineral phases’ and grow with time to become larger and larger.
[Changes in various immunological parameters in patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An immunological study has been performed in a group of 14 patients suffering from recurring vaginal candidiasis. Cellular immunity has been evaluated by skin test. Mononuclear cells of peripheral blood have been studied by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Moreover granulocytes phagocytosis and NK activity have been determined. We observed a significant reduction of cellular immunity and phagocytosis comparing to the control group. This association may represent the basis of a compromised immunological response in patients with recurring vaginal candidiasis.
Efficient Method of (S)-Nicotine Synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Improved methods for the synthesis of nicotine are of great importance due to the wide range of applications of synthetic nicotine, which is free from contamination with nitrosamines. Herein, we present a four-step chemical synthesis of (S)-nicotine, involving the reduction in myosmine, enantiomeric separation of nornicotine, and subsequent methylation of the appropriate enantiomer of nornicotine obtained. The reduction in myosmine was investigated using both electrochemical and chemical approaches, achieving up to 90% yields of pure nornicotine. To achieve the enantioseparation of nornicotine, its diastereomeric salts with chiral acids, specifically, N-lauroyl-(R)-alanine, were obtained in a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and chloroform, which led to the isolation of (S)-nornicotine with 92% ee. The structures of the obtained salts were determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, which helped to explain the origin of enantiodiscrimination during the crystallization. The described methodology allows efficient regeneration of the reagents and solvents used, leading to cost-effective production of (S)-nicotine suitable for industrial-scale applications.
The impact of regional-scale variability in upper mantle viscosity on GIA in West Antarctica

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

West Antarctica is underlain by a laterally heterogenous upper mantle, with localized regions of mantle viscosity reaching several orders of magnitude below the global average. Accounting for 3-D variability in upper mantle structure in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) simulations has been shown to significantly impact the predicted spatial rates and patterns of crustal deformation, geoid and sea-level changes. Uncertainty in constraining the viscoelastic structure of the solid Earth remains a major limitation in GIA modeling. To date, investigations of the impact of 3-D Earth structure on GIA have adopted solid Earth viscoelastic models based on global- and continental-scale seismic imaging with variability at spatial scales >150 km. However, regional body-wave tomography shows mantle structure variability at smaller spatial scales (~50-100 km) in central West Antarctica (Lucas et al., 2020). Here, we investigate the effects of incorporating this smaller-scale lateral variability in upper mantle viscosity into 3-D GIA simulations. Lateral variability in upper mantle structure at the glacial basin scale is found to have a significant impact on GIA model predictions, especially in coastal regions undergoing rapid ice mass loss. For example, incorporating a transition from lower viscosity at the mouth of Thwaites Glacier to higher viscosity further upstream impacts the predicted rate and pattern of solid Earth deformation and sea-level change in response to ongoing and projected ice mass loss, with possible implications for the evolution of the overlying ice and the interpretation of geophysical observables.
Dapsone versus corticosteroids in lichen planus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy five patients with Lichen Planus (LP) were enrolled from out-patient department for screening the therapeutic effect of dapsone. Patients were divided into two groups of 50 and 25. In regimen - 1 (RI) 25 patients were given local corticosteroids and oral chlorpheniramine maleate. In regimen - 2 (R2) 50 patients were given oral dapsone and chlorpheniramine maleate and topical coconut oil. It was found that total efficacy of R2 was 18% higher than R1.
Intelligent brain hemorrhage diagnosis system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diagnosing brain hemorrhage, which is a condition caused by a brain artery busting and causing bleeding is currently done by medical experts using a CT scan. Periodic examination of scans enable the accurate prediction of disease and the extraction of reliable and robust measurement for patients in order to describe the morphological changes in the brain as the recovery progresses. Prior attempts to use medical image processing techniques to extract relevant information from a CT scan has shortcoming due to the low accuracy level in the current methods and algorithms, coding complexity of the developed approaches, impracticability in the real environment, and lack of other enhancements which may make the system more interactive and useful. This research investigates the possibility of diagnosing brain hemorrhage using an image segmentation of CT scan images using watershed method, feeding of the appropriate inputs extracted from the brain CT image to an artificial neural network for classification. The output generated as the type of brain hemorrhages, can be used to verify expert diagnosis and also as learning tool for trainee radiologists to narrow down the errors in current methods.
Principles and Practice of Obstetric Anaesthesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The federal government has established guidelines and regulations for the protection of vulnerable research subjects, especially children, pregnant women, cognitively impaired persons, and prisoners. In addition, students, residents, and employees are recognized as special research populations. Clinical investigators need to be aware of and use these federal guidelines appropriately. This article provides practical guidance for respiratory therapists who conduct research with these patient populations and solutions to the barriers investigators commonly encounter when studying these patient populations.
The influence of sandblasting mode on the surface roughness of friction joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Introduction. In current practice, the operation of friction bolted joints of steel elements is evaluated based on the coefficient of friction and the bolt tension force. The coefficient of friction depends on the condition of the contact surfaces. Various constructive methods are used to increase it. The most effective way to prepare the contact surfaces of friction joints or bolt joints with controlled tension is sandblasting, which creates the highest coefficient of friction. Most of the existing design standards specify that the treatment of contact surfaces is specified in the design documentation. Additionally, it is specified that the roughness of the contact surface after processing should be no more than Rz 40. Measuring the roughness of the treated surface on the installation site is quite a difficult task, therefore it is necessary to understand exactly how different modes of sandblasting or deviations from the prescribed regime affect the surface roughness, which can lead to lower values of the coefficient of friction.Materials and methods. In this paper, the properties of 5 different modes of sandblasting contact surfaces with quartz sand on the roughness of 15 steel plates made of low-alloy steel 09G2C, made on a profilometer M. ERA Platinum D1, were studied.Results. A total of 20 tests were carried out to determine the roughness with the construction of surface profiles and the determination of the average values of Ra and Rz. It was shown that the proposed processing modes create different roughness on the surface of steel plates. One of the modes creates the highest average roughness value.Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn about the correlation between the processing mode and the surface roughness. The results obtained were compared with other traditional constructive methods of processing contact surfaces.
New Approach on M/M/c/K Queueing Models via Single Valued Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers and Perceptionization Using a Non‐Linear Programming Technique

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The framework deals with the novel idea of the neutrosophic M/M/c/K queueing model. The number of consumers that can enter the system is limited in the classic M/M/c/K model to K, and these individuals arrive adopting a Poisson process with rate λ , the parameter μ represents the service time of the customers that are distributed exponentially, and there are c servers in the system to serve the arriving customers. In the neutrosophic M/M/c/K queue, the arrival and departure rate are considered as a single valued neutrosophic number where T is the truth value, I is indeterminacy, and F is falsity. The performance measures of the neutrosophic M/M/c/K model that include both the average number of customers and mean waiting time in the queue as well as in the system are derived. Further, the performance measures of the unstable NM/NM/c/K queueing model subject to different rates of entry, service, breakdown, and repairs are analyzed. Moreover, calculation and comparison of hexagonal, heptagonal, and octagonal neutrosophic numbers are done. To illustrate the significance of the suggested paradigm, a numerical example is offered last.
Neuroprotective effects of salidroside on ageing hippocampal neurons and naturally ageing mice via the PI3K/Akt/TERT pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Studies have found that salidroside, isolated from Rhodiola rosea L , has various pharmacological activities, but there have been no studies on the effects of salidroside on brain hippocampal senescence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role of salidroside in hippocampal neuron senescence and injury. In this study, long‐term cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons and naturally aged C57 mice were treated with salidroside. The results showed that salidroside increased the viability and MAP2 expression, reduced β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) levels of rat primary hippocampal neurons. Salidroside also improved cognition dysfunction in ageing mice and alleviated neuronal degeneration in the ageing mice CA1 region. Moreover, salidroside decreased the levels of oxidative stress and p21, p16 protein expressions of hippocampal neurons and ageing mice. Salidroside promoted telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein expression via the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that salidroside has the potential to be used as a therapeutic strategy for anti‐ageing and ageing‐related disease treatment.
449 Effect of different nucleotides supplementation source on performance of newly weaned piglets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nucleotides are essential for cell division and when provided in the diet can be used to enhance growth and repair of tissues with fast cell turnover such as the intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nucleotides supplementation source on performance in weaned piglets. The study was performed at University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In total, 108 piglets weaned at 24 d of age with an average weight of 6.6 ± 0.3 kg were randomly assigned to one of 3 diets: 1) Control (n=36), without nucleotides source; 2) Yeast extract (YE; n=36; Biotide Extra®, Biorigin, Brazil); 3) Autolyzed yeast (AY; n=36; Hicell®, Biorigin, Brazil). The diets were isoprotein, isoenergetic and isonucleotides (1000 ppm for the first 21 experimental days and 500 ppm for the last 21 experimental days). Each of the 3 treatments was fed 9 replicates (pens), with 4 piglets/pen, during 42 d. Animal performance was evaluated weekly. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS 9.1 with fixed dietary effect, time effect, interaction between diet and time. The piglets of control group had lower (P<0.05) in performance between groups supplemented with nucleotides. In conclusion, the inclusion of exogenous nucleotides in the diets for weaned piglets improve animal performance and total replacement from yeast autolyzed to yeast extract it’s an alternative that does not alter performance.
Research on air pollutant emissions from transport sources in Pila

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article aims to examine the emission of pollutants utilising transport in different points of the city in question at two different intervals, then show whether the means of transport negatively affects the city through pollution. The study of air pollutant emissions from transport sources is a key aspect towards solving problems related to environmental pollution. A study on the measurements of selected PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants to be able to determine the quality of air from transport sources in Pila at different times of the year and with appropriate assumptions regarding the appropriate distance by the road is included in this article. This study analysed data on air pollutants and compared it with the results of the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. This made it possible to propose solutions for the development of the air condition in Pila.
Two components of delayed rectifier K+ current in heart: molecular basis, functional diversity, and contribution to repolarization.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) is the major outward current responsible for ventricular repolarization. Two components of IK (IKr and IKs) have been identified in many mammalian species including humans. IKr plays a pivotal role in normal ventricular repolarization. A prolongation of action potential duration (APD) under a variety of conditions would favor the activation of IKs so that to prevent excessive repolarization delay causing early afterdepolarization. The pore-forming a subunits of IKr and IKs are composed of HERG (KCNH2) and KvLQT1 (KCNQ1), respectively. KvLQT1 is associated with a function-altering beta subunit, minK to form IKs. HERG may be associated with mink (KCNE1) and/or minK-related protein (MiRP1) to form IKr, but the issue remains to be established. IKs is enhanced, whereas IKr is usually attenuated by beta-adrenergic stimulation via cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A-dependent pathways. There exist regional differences in the density of IKr and IKs transmurally (endo-epicardial) and along the apico-basal axis, contributing to the spatial heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. A decrease of IKr or IKs by mutations in either HERG, KvLQT1, or KCNE family results in inherited long QT syndrome (LQTS) with high risk for Torsades de pointes (TdP)-type polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. As to the pharmacological treatment and prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, selectively block of IKs is expected to be more beneficial than selectively block of IKr in terms of homogeneous prolongation of refractoriness at high heart rates especially in diseased hearts including myocardial ischemia.
Studies of local neuronal nets in the optic tectum of the frog

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A system has been developed for multineuronal studies through a single extracellular microelectrode. This system is used to detect and study the behavior of local neuronal nets, formed by the dendritic appendages of tectral cells in the superficial tectum of the frog. The system consists of a software package for visual stimulation, spike detection, and classification, calculation of cross-correlograms of the spike trains, and visualization of the results. The sites of recording offer a large area for studying the interaction of units that participate in these local dendritic nets. Preliminary results suggest that there is a great number of direct functional interactions of excitatory nature mostly, modulated in part by the nature and location of the stimulus.< >
ENHANCING BRAND IDENTIFICATION THROUGH CONSUMER SELF-EFFICACY: MEDIATING ROLE OF CONSUMER VANITY AND MODERATING ROLE OF BRAND PERSONALITY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine influence of consumer self-efficacy on consumer brand identification, with a focus on the mediating role of consumer vanity and the moderating role of brand personality. A total of 384 participants, encompassing consumers of diverse brands, were included in the study. The variables of interest, consumer self-efficacy, consumer brand identification, consumer vanity & brand personality, were analyzed via PLS-SEM software. The results reveal a significant direct impact of consumer self-efficacy on consumer brand identification, highlighting the importance of individuals' belief in their abilities in fostering strong connection with a brand. Moreover, the study proves that consumer vanity acts as a mediator between consumer self-efficacy & brand identification, indicating that individuals with higher self-belief are more likely to engage in vanity-related behaviors, thereby enhancing their identification with brand. The study uncovers moderating effect of brand personality by strengthening relationship between consumer self-efficacy and brand identification.