jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Placental transfer of 59Fe in rats after intravenous injection of 59Fe-iron dextran at near term.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The placental transfer of particulate materials was examined using iron dextran as the tracer particle. 59Fe-iron dextran (3.7 mg iron/animal) was injected intravenously into pregnant rats on day 18 of gestation. The fraction of injected radioiron accumulated in fetus was 0.009% of injection dose per gram wet weight of fetus between 10 and 60 minutes after injection, and 0.033% between 2 and 4 hours after injection. After subtraction of the 59Fe that had dissociated from 59Fe-iron dextran and had been taken up by transferrin in serum or reticuloendothelial sytem, the amount of 59Fe accumulated in fetus between the respective times after injection were undetectable and 0.030% of administered dose per gram wet weight of fetus.
Stability of Smyd1 in endothelial cells is controlled by PML-dependent SUMOylation upon cytokine stimulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Smyd1 is an epigenetic modulator of gene expression that has been well-characterized in muscle cells. It was recently reported that Smyd1 levels are modulated by inflammatory processes. Since inflammation affects the vascular endothelium, this study aimed to characterize Smyd1 expression in endothelial cells. We detected Smyd1 in human endothelial cells (HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells), where the protein was largely localized in PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). By transfection of EA.hy926 cells with expression vectors encoding Smyd1, PML, SUMO1, active or mutant forms of the SUMO protease SuPr1 and/or the SUMO-conjugation enzyme UBC9, as well as Smyd1- or PML-specific siRNAs, in the presence or absence of the translation blocker cycloheximide or the proteasome-inhibitor MG132, and supported by computational modeling, we show that Smyd1 is SUMOylated in a PML-dependent manner and thereby addressed for degradation in proteasomes. Furthermore, transfection with Smyd1-encoding vectors led to PML up-regulation at the mRNA level, while PML transfection lowered Smyd1 protein stability. Incubation of EA.hy926 cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α resulted in a constant increase in Smyd1 mRNA and protein over 24 h, while incubation with IFN-γ induced a transient increase in Smyd1 expression, which peaked at 6 h and decreased to control values within 24 h. The IFN-γ-induced increase in Smyd1 was accompanied by more Smyd1 SUMOylation and more/larger PML-NBs. In conclusion, our data indicate that in endothelial cells, Smyd1 levels are regulated through a negative feedback mechanism based on SUMOylation and PML availability. This molecular control loop is stimulated by various cytokines.
Peptide Binding to β-Cyclodextrins: Structure, Dynamics, Energetics, and Electronic Effects

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Peptide–cyclodextrin and protein–cyclodextrin host–guest complexes are becoming more and more important for industrial applications, in particular in the fields of pharmaceutical and food chemistry. They have already deserved many experimental investigations although the effect of complex formation in terms of peptide (or protein) structure is not well-known yet. Theoretical calculations represent a unique tool to analyze such effects, and with this aim we have carried out in the present investigation molecular dynamics simulations and combined quantum mechanics–molecular mechanics calculations. We have studied complexes formed between the model Ace-Phe-Nme peptide and the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) macromolecule, and our analysis focuses on the following points: (1) how is the peptide structure modified in going from bulk water to CD environment (backbone torsion angles), (2) which are the main peptide–CD interactions, in particular in terms of hydrogen bonds, (3) which relative peptide–CD orientation is preferred and which are the structural and energetic differences between them, and (4) how the electronic properties of the peptide changes under complex formation. Overall, our calculations show that in the most stable configuration, the backbone chain lies in the narrow rim of the CD. Strong hydrogen bonds form between the H atoms of the peptidic NH groups and oxygen atoms of the secondary OH groups in the CD. These and other (weaker) hydrogen bonds formed by the carbonyl groups reduce considerably the flexibility of the peptide structure, compared to bulk water, and produce a marked increase of the local dipole moment by favoring configurations in which the two CO bonds point toward the same direction. This effect might have important consequences in terms of the peptide secondary structure, although this hypothesis needs to be tested using larger peptide models.
The Date of Dicaeopolis' Rural Dionysia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to Hesychius and Theophrastus the Dionysia κατ᾿ ἀγρούς were celebrated in Poseideon. This date is confirmed by an inscription from the deme of Myrrhinous. On this evidence the festival celebrated by Dicaeopolis in The Acharnians of Aristophanes is universally placed in this month, and the ritual performed by him and his family taken as a source for the reconstruction of the ritual programme of the winter Rural Dionysia. It is now generally recognised that there were also spring rural festivals of Dionysus in the Attic demes, festivals closely related in ritual and conception to the Athenian Anthesteria. But it seems not to have been noticed that the Dionysia κατ᾿ ἀγρούς in The Acharnians may have been one of these spring festivals.
Data from Exposure to Diagnostic Radiological Procedures and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Background:</b> Diagnostic irradiation of the mother during pregnancy increases the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). There is inconsistent evidence on associations between ALL and other parental or childhood diagnostic irradiation. The aim of this analysis is to investigate whether diagnostic X-rays of the mother before birth, of the father before conception, or of the child increased the risk of childhood ALL.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Data from 389 cases and 876 frequency-matched controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study matching factors and potential confounders. A meta-analysis of our findings in relation to paternal X-rays before conception with the published findings of previous studies was also conducted.</p><p><b>Results:</b> There was no evidence of an increased risk with maternal abdominal X-rays before the birth of the index child or with the child having any X-rays more than 6 months before the censoring date. The odds ratio (OR) for any paternal abdominal X-ray before conception was 1.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.88-1.55], and 1.47 (95% CI, 0.98-2.21) for more than one X-ray. The OR for any paternal intravenous pyelogram before conception was 3.56 (95% CI, 1.59-7.98). The pooled OR for this study with previous studies of any paternal abdominal X-rays before conception was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.92-1.48).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> There was some evidence of an increased risk of ALL in the offspring if the father had more than one abdominal X-ray before conception or had ever had an intravenous pyelogram.</p><p><b>Impact:</b> We plan to repeat this analysis by using pooled data to improve precision. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11); 2897–909. ©2010 AACR.</p></div>
Minigrafting of Shoots, Roots, Inverted Roots, and Somatic Embryos for Rescue of in vitro Citrus Regenerants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Minigrafting was used for rescue of tissue culture regenerants of the following four species of Citrus : sour orange ( C. aurantium L. `AA CNR 31'), sweet orange [ C. sinensis (L.) Osb. `Valencia Late'], lemon [ C. limon (L.) Burm. `Femminello Comune'] and mandarin ( C. deliciosa Tenore `Tardivo di Ciaculli'). The grafting was carried out with different scion types including shoots, roots, inverted roots and somatic embryos. This material was obtained in vitro from embryogenic style-derived callus. Seedlings of open-pollinated sour orange ( C. aurantium L.), Cleopatra mandarin ( C. reshni Hort. ex Tan.) and `Troyer' citrange [ C. sinensis Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were used as rootstocks. Minigrafting of shoots, roots, inverted roots and embryos regenerated in vitro allowed successful rescue of these four species. Percentages of successful minigrafts ranged from 100% (shoots) to 2.5% (inverted roots). The probability of successful graft unions increased with the age of the rootstock. The final mean canopy leaf area (120 days after grafting) ranged from 5.2 cm 2 (`Tardivo di Ciaculli' mandarin grafted on 6-month-old Cleopatra mandarin) to 157.9 cm 2 (`Valencia Late' sweet orange grafted on 18-month-old Cleopatra mandarin). In this work we examined some of the variables which influenced minigrafting and we determined the efficacy of this method for rescue of in vitro regenerants of Citrus . This method is also suggested as a technique to produce a high percentage of viable plants from in vitro regenerants difficult to root.
Adorno and the Frankfurt School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Surveying the history of “Frankfurt school” critical theory in relation to the life and work of Theodor W. Adorno, this chapter focuses on Adorno’s theory of social non-identity and argues for the insights that this Hegelianism granted for theories of empirical science and problems of scientific method. Paying special attention to the intellectual exchanges between Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas surrounding the 1961 positivism dispute, it argues that the recent “ethical turn” in critical theory illuminates why Adorno believed that a negative Hegelianism rooted in interdisciplinary empirical analysis must stand at the center of Frankfurt critical theory. These arguments about interdisciplinary research’s ability to diagnose social irrationality were central to forming and sustaining the institute throughout its history, important to the critique of science in western Germany, and definitional to the post–World War II concept of the public sphere. They remain relevant to discussions of disciplinary knowledge and public rationality today. Considering Adorno’s idea of the non-identical in relation to his critiques of Erich Fromm’s ego-psychology and of Talcott Parsons’ theory of social action helps clarify what was at stake in the positivism dispute and what is at stake in critical theory’s present interests in ethics and its relation to theories of rationalization and social conflict.
“The Gay Factor” – Exploring the Gay/Straight Wage Gap in Men

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Is there a wage penalty for being gay? Previous research has indicated a sizable wage gap between gay and straight men of up to 25%. At the same time, national polling indicates increasing acceptance of gay marriage and gay relationships in general. Using the most recent data available (American Community Survey, 2012), I find a gay premium of ~6%, a number which is robust across a number of sample limitations. This premium may be partially related to urban residence which is unobserved in the public use samples of the ACS.
Solitary CD8-Positive Primary Cutaneous Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: A Question of Classification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Acral CD8(+) lymphoma is a provisional entity in the latest edition of the WHO Lymphoma Classification and is associated with a highly specific dot-like pattern of immunohistochemical expression of CD68. We report a case of an ulcerated solitary cutaneous lesion arising on the forehead of an adult man, which had a CD8(+) cytotoxic phenotype and areas of dot-like CD68 positivity, but with a number of features that significantly detracted from the classically described acral CD8(+) lymphoma. The nosological status of the lesion is discussed with respect to a preferred diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified.
Characterizing hydraulic parameters in a small-scale tank experiment, using Self-Potential, DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization methods.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

As part of a larger project that is concerned with the characterization of hydraulic parameters from electrical surface measurements, this thesis covers self-potential, DC resistivity and induced polarization measurements taken on a medium-scale setup. This writing aims to research whether it is possible to obtain hydraulic parameters (such as permeability) from transient SP experiments and from DC resistivity and IP measurements taken on a steady-state setup. This setup was constructed inside a fish tank and consisted of a bulk material of medium sand. Two sand columns were placed inside the medium sand and were of a finer and respectively coarser material than the bulk material. The transient recovery experiment has shown that the self-potential method is able to show subsurface heterogeneities. The subsurface sand columns in the experiment are even outlined by the raw SP data. A forward model for the transient SP recovery experiment was successfully built. The Pearson linear correlation coefficients between the modeled and measured data for the full $800 s$ timespan, all lie within the 0.95 to 1.00 range and have an average of +/- 0.99. The model can now be used in future inversion efforts. The DC resistance data have been corrected for four insulating boundaries. The two short-side boundaries, however, have a water reservoir. Those might have influenced the DC resistivity data. An improvement can be made in those data. The resistivity has values between 30 and 60 \\textit{$\\Omega$m}. The IP data roughly shows the outlines of the coarse grained column and somewhat the finer grained column in the inverted data. Following this work, the SP data should be inverted. Using inversion codes for a combination of the SP and the DC resistivity and IP data sets should enable us to obtain higher quality information about permeability distributions in the aquifer.
How Cooperative Firms Should be Organised from the Perspective of Today's Economic Theory

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economists engaged in the debate on worker management have often complained of vague background information on the institutional context each author refers to. Actually, some theorists have clarified that self-management should reverse the customary capital-labour relation, in terms that all such business activities as are traditionally run by capitalists should instead be run by workers, but this bare statement does not convey the exhaustive information required for a full comprehension of the institutional background against which their theoretical approaches are being developed. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to illustrate an organisation mode that might ensure the efficient running of self-managed firms. The author offers arguments in support of his contention that well-organised cooperative firms do not come in for most of the criticisms levelled against them in today's economic literature. Lastly, the paper criticises a well-known opinion by Jensen and Meckling.
Human Ovarian 17β-Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase Activity: A Comparison of Normal and Polycystic Ovarian Tissues*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ovarian tissue and ovarian venous blood were obtained from women undergoing wedge resection, and ovarian tissue was obtained from normally menstruating women who had an oophorectomy for medical reasons. A morphological evaluation was made of the wedged tissue. 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase levels were determined as the 17-ketoreductase (17-KR) and 17 beta-dehydrogenase activities in both normal and wedged tissue. Plasma androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) levels were measured in the ovarian venous blood. Low, but measurable, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity was found in the mitochondria, microsomes, and cytosol. With whole, cell-free homogenates, mean 17-KR activity was not significantly different in normal tissues and polycystic tissues; mean 17-KR activity of corpora lutea was significantly greater than that of the other tissues. Mean 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity was not significantly different from 17-KR activity in the tissues studied. Ovarian venous A levels were higher than the reported mean ovarian venous A levels of normal women with only one exception; approximately half of the ovarian venous T levels were higher than reported mean ovarian venous T levels of normal women. The morphology of the wedge sections did not correlate well with the biochemical data.
The View of COMECON Experts on the General State of the Egyptian Oil Industry and its Development Prospects, Mid-1970s

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The author of the article for the first time publishes and introduces into scientific circulation an analytical document prepared in August 1976 by experts of the COMECON Oil Bureau and approved by authorized representatives of socialist countries in the Bureau at their eighth meeting in December 1976, — generalized material for preparation of a set of practical measures related to cooperation of interested COMECON member countries and aimed at guaranteeing in advance long-term oil supplies from the Arab Republic of Egypt. Today this document is held by the Russian State Archive of Economics (as part of the large collection of COMECON materials: RGAE. Fond 561). By analyzing the document, it is possible to reveal the view of the foreign trade specialists of COMECON member countries on the general state of Egyptian oil industry in the mid-1970s and on its development prospects in the second half of the seventies (including the question of possible growth in oil production and exports of the Arab Republic of Egypt), as well as to evaluate the accuracy of this view. The information contained in the document, despite the inaccuracies found in it, was nevertheless useful for understanding the main trends in the Egyptian oil industry.
Staggered SAR: Performance Analysis and Experiments With Real Data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing allows high-resolution imaging independent of weather conditions and sunlight illumination and is therefore very attractive for the systematic observation of dynamic processes on the earth's surface. Conventional SAR systems are, however, limited in that a wide swath can only be imaged at the expense of a degraded azimuth resolution. This limitation can be overcome by using systems with multiple receive subapertures displaced in along-track, but a very long antenna is required to map a wide swath. If a relatively short antenna with a single aperture in along-track is available, it is still possible to map a wide area: multiple subswaths can simultaneously be imaged using digital beamforming in elevation, but ``blind ranges'' are present between adjacent swaths, as the radar cannot receive while it is transmitting. Staggered SAR overcomes the problem of blind ranges by continuously varying the pulse repetition interval (PRI). A proper selection of the PRIs, together with moderate oversampling in azimuth, allows an accurate interpolation of the nonuniformly sampled raw data into a uniform grid, so that resampled data can then be focused with a conventional SAR processor. This approach thereby allows high-resolution imaging of a wide continuous swath without the need for a long antenna with multiple subapertures. In this paper, the performance of staggered SAR is thoroughly discussed and novel methods for the evaluation of the range and azimuth ambiguity-to-signal ratios in staggered SAR are proposed. An L-band design example based on a reflector antenna with multiple feeds shows that outstanding ambiguity performance is obtained, provided that data are moderately oversampled in azimuth. As an additional benefit, the energy of range and azimuth ambiguities is spread over large areas: ambiguities therefore appear in the image as a noise-like disturbance rather than localized artifacts. The impact of staggered SAR operation on image quality is furthermore assessed with experiments using real data. As the first step, highly oversampled F-SAR airborne data have been used to generate equivalent staggered SAR data sets and to evaluate the performance for different oversampling factors and interpolation methods. Then, the radar instrument of the German satellite TerraSAR-X has been commanded to acquire data over the lake Constance in staggered SAR mode. Measurements on these data show very good agreement with predictions from simulations. Staggered SAR is currently being considered as the baseline acquisition mode for Tandem-L, a proposal for a polarimetric and interferometric spaceborne SAR mission to monitor dynamic processes on the earth's surface with unprecedented accuracy and resolution.
Recent progress on laser absorption spectroscopy for determination of gaseous chemical species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Laser absorption spectroscopy combined with spectral analysis has been extensively investigated in detection and measurements of gas samples because of their broad applicability for measuring more than one hundred species, such as O2, CO2, H2O, HCl, NH3, NOx, and hydrocarbons. Recently, real-time detection and measurements of gas samples based on laser absorption spectroscopy have attracted considerable interest from various fields owing to their performance of robustness, fast response speed, high sensitivity, and good precision. Here, we review the commonly used infrared laser absorption spectroscopy techniques for real-time measurements and the significant optical equipment utilized in measuring systems. Then, we discuss practical applications based on infrared laser absorption spectroscopy which require real-time determination of gas component concentrations, including atmospheric environment monitoring, breath analysis, combustion diagnostics, and industrial applications. Finally, perspectives of real-time determination of gas component concentrations based on infrared laser absorption spectroscopy are presented.
Behavior, Growth, Survival, and Plant Injury by Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Transgenic Bt Cottons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Behavior, Growth, Survival, and Plant Injury by Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Transgenic Bt Cottons Get access J. H. Benedict, J. H. Benedict Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Route 2, Box 589, Corpus Christi, Texas 78410 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. W. Altman, D. W. Altman Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Route 2, Box 589, Corpus Christi, Texas 78410 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. F. Umbeck, P. F. Umbeck Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Route 2, Box 589, Corpus Christi, Texas 78410 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. R. Ring D. R. Ring Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Route 2, Box 589, Corpus Christi, Texas 78410 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 85, Issue 2, 1 April 1992, Pages 589–593, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.2.589 Published: 01 April 1992 Article history Received: 15 March 1991 Accepted: 25 November 1991 Published: 01 April 1992