jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phase II trials of clofarabine in pediatric acute leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6588 Background: Clofarabine, a next-generation nucleoside analogue, has shown clinical activity when used as a single agent in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemias. The results of two Phase 2 multicenter, open-label studies with clofarabine in children with refractory or relapsed ALL or AML are presented here. Methods: Clofarabine was administered at 52 mg/m2 given by intravenous infusion over 2 hours daily over 5 consecutive days. Cycles were repeated every 2 to 6 weeks based on response and toxicity. Results: 103 patients (61 ALL, 42 AML) have been treated. Patients on the ALL trial had received a median of 3 prior regimens (range 2–6). Thirty percent had received prior transplant. As determined by independent review, preliminary data indicate overall response rates of 30% in ALL (7 CR, 5 CRp, and 6 PR). Median duration of CR/CRp is 29 weeks. On the AML trial, median age was 12 years (range 2–22). Median number of prior regimens was 2 (range 1–5). Forty three percent had received prior transplant. Overall response in AML was 26% (1CRp and 10PR). Most responders on the AML trial proceeded to transplant with an M1 marrow (0–5% blasts) without awaiting peripheral counts recovery. Median duration of remission for AML patients is 12.4 weeks (range 1.1 - 73.4+). Toxicity profile was expected and acceptable for this patient population. Conclusions: Clofarabine is active in heterogenous subtypes of multiply relapsed or refractory pediatric leukemia. Ongoing plans are to evaluate clofarabine combinations in children with ALL and AML. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ilex Products Ilex Products Ilex Products Ilex Products
HLA-DR and -DQ genotyping in anti-GBM disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anti-GBM disease has been associated with the HLA genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in previous serological studies, with an increased incidence of HLA-DR2 in patients. In this study, 36 patients with anti-GBM disease were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using cDNA probes for DRB, DQA, and DQB. The frequency of HLA-DRw15(Dw2), a split of DR2, was significantly increased in the patients compared with the controls (63.9 per cent versus 23.3 per cent, chi 2 = 22.4, p(corr) less than 0.0001), and all but one of the patients were positive for either DRw15(Dw2) or DR4 (p less than 0.0001). The frequencies of the remaining DR antigens were not decreased randomly, with a significant decrease in DR7 in the patient group (chi 2 = 8.6, p(corr) less than 0.05). The closely linked gene HLA-DQw6 was found to be significantly increased in frequency in the patients compared with the controls (p(corr) less than 0.0001). No correlations could be made between the genetic data and clinical features of the disease.
Effective Leadership and Management in Universities through Quality Management Models

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Governments around the world have displayed lack of urgency to compel universities leaders and managers to improve the way they prepare the human resources bases of their national economies. The purpose of this research is to specifically evaluate the existing leadership styles and management practices in universities in Nigeria using Quality Management models to identify some excellence-related factors associated with success in the models. This investigation adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consists of university lecturers. A questionnaire was used to gather data through purposeful sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using quantitative research procedures. The findings are that higher education institutions in Nigeria need to adopt a holistic approach to the management of transformation that addresses variety of concerns relating to effective leadership and management, staff development structure and systems reform, effective financial management and research and development.
Practice opportunities and pragmatic change in a second language context: the case of request

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Pragmatic competence is considered to be part of a non-native speakers (NNSs) communicative competence and has been included in the models of communicative ability (Canale and Swain, 1980; Bachman, 1990; CelceMurcia et al., 1995. This paper examines learners’ development of pragmatic competence in a second language context. Fifteen Spanish students who had spent a term at the University of Liverpool as Socrates students and three native English University lecturers participated in the study. A total of 30 sessions (10 upon arrival, 10 mid-study and 10 at the end) were taped and transcribed with the consent of participants. Evidence for the realization of the speech act of requesting is examined within the framework of status congruence (Bardovi-Hartford, 1990), taking into account frequency and form in native and non-native advising sessions. Then, on the basis of the theoretical condition for language learning (Pica, 1994, 1996), we analyze non-native speakers’ change towards native speaker’s ability of requesting. Results of the study show that, although learners moved towards using more requests, they failed to develop the full range of request strategies and appropriate linguistic forms. Results of the study indicate that native speakers' input and learners’ opportunities for output are not enough for pragmatic development, and a focus on form (Doughty and Williams, 1998) regarding appropriate forms of the speech act of requesting is suggested.
Regulation of Human Cytomegalovirus Transcription in Latency: Beyond the Major Immediate-Early Promoter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lytic infection of differentiated cell types with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) results in the temporal expression of between 170–200 open reading frames (ORFs). A number of studies have demonstrated the temporal regulation of these ORFs and that this is orchestrated by both viral and cellular mechanisms associated with the co-ordinated recruitment of transcription complexes and, more recently, higher order chromatin structure. Importantly, HCMV, like all herpes viruses, establishes a lifelong latent infection of the host—one major site of latency being the undifferentiated haematopoietic progenitor cells resident in the bone marrow. Crucially, the establishment of latency is concomitant with the recruitment of cellular enzymes that promote extensive methylation of histones bound to the major immediate early promoter. As such, the repressive chromatin structure formed at the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) elicits inhibition of IE gene expression and is a major factor involved in maintenance of HCMV latency. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that a distinct subset of viral genes is also expressed during latency. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that control the expression of these latency-associated transcripts and illustrate that regulation of these latency-associated promoters is also subject to chromatin mediated regulation and that the instructive observations previously reported regarding the negative regulation of the MIEP during latency are paralleled in the regulation of latent gene expression.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Urinary-tract infection (UTI) is a frequent antenatal complication that can provoke pyelonephritis, pre-term labour and low birth weight. Contemporary Pakistani prevalence data are limited. Objectives: To measure UTI prevalence in pregnant women at two tertiary centres and identify significant risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital MTI Peshawar and Mayo Hospital Lahore between January 2022 and January 2023. Seventy pregnant women aged 18-45 years, recruited consecutively in any trimester, completed a structured interview capturing socio-demographic variables, anaemia and hygiene practices, then provided mid-stream urine. Cultures ≥10⁵ CFU mL⁻¹ defined infection; antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby–Bauer. Associations were assessed with logistic regression. Results: Twenty-one women were culture-positive, yielding a prevalence of 30.0 %. Escherichia coli predominated (61.9 %), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.0 %) and Proteus mirabilis (9.5 %). Independent predictors were primigravidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.1; 95 % CI 1.1-9.0), low socio-economic status (AOR 4.4; 1.4-13.8), haemoglobin < 10 g dL⁻¹ (AOR 3.6; 1.2-10.7), poor perineal hygiene (AOR 2.9; 1.0-8.4) and previous UTI (AOR 4.8; 1.5-15.2). Notably, 23.8 % of infections were asymptomatic. Conclusions: One third of pregnancies in this cohort were complicated by bacteriuria, driven largely by modifiable socio-behavioural factors and dominated by potentially resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Routine urine-culture screening at booking and late gestation, along with targeted interventions addressing anaemia, hygiene and poverty, should be prioritised to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity. These findings echo regional studies and reinforce universal screening recommendations. Keywords: urinary-tract infection; pregnancy; prevalence; risk factors; Pakistan.
New method of control of tooth whitening

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

New methods of control of tooth bleaching stages through simultaneous measurements of a reflected light and a fluorescence signal are proposed. It is shown that the bleaching process leads to significant changes in the intensity of a scattered signal and also in the shape and intensity of the fluorescence spectra. Experimental data illustrate that the bleaching process causes essential changes in the teeth discoloration in short time as 8-10 min from the beginning of the application procedure. The continuation of the treatment is not necessary moreover the probability of the enamel destroy increases considerably. The proposed optical back control of tooth surface is a base for development of a practical set up to control the duration of the bleaching procedure.
Interpretable prediction of sinter particle size distribution based on multi-task learning and bidirectional gated recurrent unit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The particle size distribution of sintered ore is the key indicator reflecting the quality of sintered ore products. Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and lack of interpretability of the existing sinter ore particle size distribution prediction models, this paper proposes a multi-task learning prediction model that uses the bidirectional gated recurrent unit as an information sharing layer to predict the particle size distribution of sinter ore. Firstly, features with high correlation with different particle size ranges (<5 mm; <10 mm) are selected as model inputs by the feature selection method. Secondly, a bidirectional gated recurrent unit is used as the information-sharing layer to construct a multi-task learning model, and the information sharing between two tasks is used to obtain their coupling information to consider the correlation between different particle sizes and improve the prediction accuracy of the model. Additionally, the Shapely interpretation method is introduced to analyse the interpretability of the important features of the model to enhance the predictive model interpretability. Finally, the model proposed in this article is compared with the rest of the combined models, and the results show that the proposed model has high prediction accuracy. This method provides a new direction for the high-quality production of sintered ore.
EFFECT OF THYME OIL ON DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN FEMALE ALBINO RATS: HISTOLOGICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The limited usage of doxorubicin in chemotherapy returns to its toxicity on different organs.Thyme oil has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities.This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effect of thyme oil on doxorubicininduced hepatotoxicity in rats.Twenty adult female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four groups (5 rats/group): control group, thyme group received orally 0.5 mL thyme oil/kg body weight once/week for 6 consecutive weeks, doxorubicin group received intraperitoneally 2 mg doxorubicin/kg body weight once/week for 6 consecutive weeks, and "doxorubicin+thyme" group received both doxorubicin and thyme oil once/week for 6 consecutive weeks.Alteration in the liver ultrastructure and changes in the activities of serum aminotransferases and antioxidant enzymes were estimated in the current study.Liver histology of doxorubicin-treated rats showed congested blood vessels, masses of inflammatory leucocytic infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolation and pyknotic nuclei of the liver cells.Liver ultrastructure of doxorubicin-treated rats showed vacuolated and rarified cytoplasm, enlarged ruptured mitochondria, and large number of lysosomes.The rough endoplasmic reticulum lost most of its ribosomes, and its cisternae were unparalleled, as well as the nuclear envelope was mild tortuous.In addition, the aminotransferases (ALT and AST) activities and MDA level were increased significantly; while the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities were decreased significantly in the doxorubicin-treated animals compared with the control group.In the current study, thyme oil ameliorated most of the hepatotoxic effects of doxorubicin in rats.Therefore, thyme oil can be used as adjunct therapy to reduce doxorubicin toxicity.
Using stochastic hierarchical aggregation constraints to nowcast regional economic aggregates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent decades have seen advances in using econometric methods to produce more timely and higher-frequency estimates of economic activity at the national level, enabling better tracking of the economy in real time. These advances have not generally been replicated at the sub–national level, likely because of the empirical challenges that nowcasting at a regional level presents, notably, the short time series of available data, changes in data frequency over time, and the hierarchical structure of the data. This paper develops a mixed– frequency Bayesian VAR model to address common features of the regional nowcasting context, using an application to regional productivity in the UK. We evaluate the contribution that different features of our model provide to the accuracy of point and density nowcasts, in particular the role of hierarchical aggregation constraints. We show that these aggregation constraints, imposed in stochastic form, play a key role in delivering improved regional nowcasts; they prove to be more important than adding region-specific predictors when the equivalent national data are known, but not when this aggregate is unknown.
Planetary nebulae as standard candles. V - The distance to the Virgo Cluster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (260) References (73) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Planetary Nebulae as Standard Candles. V. The Distance to the Virgo Cluster Jacoby, George H. ; Ciardullo, Robin ; Ford, Holland C. Abstract We identify and measure the [O III] λ5007 fluxes of 486 planetary nebula candidates in six early-type galaxies (NGC 4374, 4382, 4406, 4472, 4486, and 4649) in the core of the Virgo Cluster. Following the procedures and calibrations outlined in previous papers in this series, we compare the observed planetary nebula luminosity functions to an empirical model based on the planetary nebulae in M31 and derive distances to the galaxies of 15.7, 14.4, 15.7, 13.9, 14.5, and 14.2 Mpc. These distances exhibit superb agreement with a dispersion of only 0.8 Mpc and suggest that the cluster depth is less than 2 Mpc. Most importantly, the distances are totally uncorrelated with parent galaxy metallicity, color, UV flux, or Hubble type. After accounting for all contributions to the uncertainty, we derive a mean distance of 14.7 +/- 1.0 Mpc to the core of the Virgo Cluster. This distance implies that the Hubble constant falls in the range of 81 +/- 6 to 94 +/- 6 km s^-1^ Mpc^-1^, depending on the adopted Virgo velocity and infall model. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: June 1990 DOI: 10.1086/168843 Bibcode: 1990ApJ...356..332J Keywords: Planetary Nebulae; Virgo Galactic Cluster; Astronomical Photometry; Charge Coupled Devices; Distance; Emission Spectra; Galactic Evolution; Metallicity; Sky Surveys (Astronomy); Astrophysics; COSMOLOGY; GALAXIES: DISTANCES; NEBULAE: PLANETARY full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (533) NED (493) MAST (1) CDS (1) Related Materials (10) Part 1: 1989ApJ...339...39J Part 2: 1989ApJ...339...53C Part 3: 1989ApJ...344..704J Part 4: 1989ApJ...344..715C Part 6: 1990ApJ...365..471J Part 7: 1991ApJ...383..487C Part 8: 1992ApJ...388..268C Part 9: 1993ApJ...416...62M Part 10: 1996ApJ...462....1J Part 11: 1997ApJ...479..231F
Study on Structural Health Monitoring Practice Using Artificial Intelligence

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Given the rise of artificial intelligence, there are numerous intra-discipline studies taking place driven by the AI's powerful data mining and analysis capability. In the field of civil structure engineering, this new trend for the past decade has inspired many researchers to develop novel and powerful engineering methodologies for the studies in civil structural design, analysis and rehabilitation. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), as a key branch of structural engineering, has undoubtedly attracts favors from the academics due to its characteristics that require massive dataset processing and continuous monitoring. This paper reviews the focus of SHM, compares the new wireless sensor network (WSN) with traditional wired sensor networks; and regarding AI in the structural engineering practices as its most important branch in structural engineering: Machine Learning (ML), the mostly used ML coding system Python and relative libraries. Finally, a series of studies with novel perspectives or approaches are reviewed, all of which feature AI-assisted and intelligent sensing.
Thrust distribution in Higgs decays at the next-to-leading order and beyond

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present predictions for the thrust distribution in hadronic decays of the Higgs boson at the next-to-leading order and the approximate next-to-next-to-leading order. The approximate NNLO corrections are derived from a factorization formula in the soft/collinear phase-space regions. We find large corrections, especially for the gluon channel. The scale variations at the lowest orders tend to underestimate the genuine higher order contributions. The results of this paper is therefore necessary to control the perturbative uncertainties of the theoretical predictions. We also discuss on possible improvements to our results, such as a soft-gluon resummation for the 2-jets limit, and an exact next-to-next-to-leading order calculation for the multi-jets region.
Initial acceptance of novel flavours in diets offered to stabled horses.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Odour and taste are important factors in food selected and consumed by horses. Published trials in stabled horses using fifteen flavours presented at 1% in standard meals of 100 g cereal by-product showed flavour affected diet acceptance, selection and consumption times in an otherwise identical base diet. \n\t\nThe study reported here aimed to investigate the effects of a lower concentration of flavour i.e. 0.5% on initial acceptance in the same base diet. Eight novel flavours were presented to eight Thoroughbred horses (1 mare, 7 geldings) according to a Latin Square design to control for order effects. The flavours were presented at 0.5% in the base diet (i.e. 0.5g by weight in 99.5g) and were fed dry. The meals were presented to the horses in hanging door mangers, with a minimum of 24 hours between trial days. No more than six meals were presented in any 24-hour period and a minimum of one hour was allowed between meals to approximate standard hunger levels. <br/>Quantity consumed, partial rejection, complete rejection and consumption times were recorded. Two flavours, agrimony and horehound were universally accepted and completely consumed by all participants. Although acceptance varied between the remaining flavours none were universally rejected. Burdock was rejected by two horses and orange by one individual. Variation in amount consumed was compared for all eight flavours using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. This showed a significant difference existed between amount consumed (W = 0.456, n = 8, p &lt; 0.001). Mean consumption times were affected by individual variation but were NS for the group overall (p = 0.2). <br/>This trial showed flavour concentrations of 0.5% in a standard base diet significantly affected diet selection and acceptance, but not consumption times. These results may have practical implications in diet formulation for the equine feed industry.
BVMs for Sturm-Liouville Eigenvalue Estimates with General Boundary Conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Recently, a class of Boundary Value Methods (BVMs) has been introduced for the estimation of the eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The aim of this paper is to extend the application of such BVMs to problems with boundary conditions of general form and to compare the approximations obtained with those given by the corrected Numerov method.
Study about Echocardiography Observation and Clinical Intervention in Asymptomatic Congenital Heart Disease of Pilots

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective We aimed to evaluate the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis and the clinical intervention of pilots' asymptomatic congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods The echocardiography findings of 765 pilots were retrospectively reviewed.The type and proportion of asymptomatic CHD were calculated and summarized.A part of cases were taken by interventional therapy instructed under echocardiography.Results There were 16 asymptomatic CHD cases discovered by echocardiography including 9 non-shunt type cases and 7 shunt type cases.One case was treated by surgical therapy,and three cases were healed by interventional therapy instructed under echocardiography.Conclusion The asymptomatic CHD cases existed in active pilot cadets.The interventional therapy had effective treatment for the asymptomatic CHD cases.The echocardiography had great significance in the different periods of becoming pilots.