jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Esthetic and occlusal rehabilitation of Class III malocclusions. An alternative approach.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Restorative correction of a moderate to severe malocclusion puts both the dentist and patient at a higher subjective risk regarding biologic and occlusal parameters. Without the use of orthodontics or orthognathic surgery, the prosthodontic demands on misaligned abutments can be significant. However, the use of logical force management concepts can deliver a biomechanically stable result. Some of these include accurately recording a repeatable condyle position, distributing non-axial occlusal forces evenly, adding length and buccal volume in a 1:1 ratio, and testing the new occlusal scheme for a considerable time before finalization. The present case report describes an alternative treatment route to rehabilitate a patient who declined orthodontic therapy after several specialist consultations. In summary, our expedition involved orthopedic repositioning of the condyles into an airway centric relation, increase in the vertical dimension of occlusion, autorotation of the mandible, buccalization of the maxillary arch, lingualization of the mandibular arch, dentoalveolar decompensation, diastemata closure, and prosthetic soft tissue camouflage.
Perceptions versus performance: Assessing teacher learning in asynchronous online professional development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Teacher learning in asynchronous online professional development (PD) is often measured by self-reported instruments, despite uncertainties regarding teachers’ accuracy in their self-assessment of learning. This study explored whether teachers’ self-reported gains in content knowledge for teaching aligned with those measured by direct assessments. Through quantitative analyses of data collected from 57 middle school mathematics teachers who participated in a fully asynchronous online PD program, we found no significant correlation between teachers’ self-reported knowledge gains and those measured by direct assessments. Additionally, we examined the role of teachers’ use of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies, namely organization, elaboration, and monitoring, in their learning from the PD program by conducting linear regression analyses. Our results indicated that teachers who frequently monitored their understanding of the PD content demonstrated greater gains in their content knowledge as measured by direct assessments. However, none of the SRL strategies predicted the accuracy of teachers’ self-assessments of knowledge gains from the asynchronous online PD program. These findings raise concerns about relying solely on self-reported instruments to capture teachers’ learning in asynchronous online PD programs, and they emphasize the need for more robust and accurate outcome measures in the asynchronous online learning context.
[Advances of targeted therapy based on estrogen receptor signaling pathway in lung cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increasing evidence indicates that estrogen promotes tumor growth in both estrogen target organs and non-target organs. Estrogen regulates cell proliferation and differentiation via two different receptors, estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ). In recent decades, with the clarification of the ERα-mediated signaling pathways in breast cancer, targeted therapy through these pathways have successfully been used in clinical application. Tamoxifen, the classic representative, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Along with the elucidation of the role of estrogen in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, targeted lung cancer treatment based on the ER signaling pathways is also gradually being applied and it could become an important part of the comprehensive treatment for lung cancer.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Consumer Demand in E-Commerce

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advent and incorporation of technology in businesses have reformed operations across industries. Notably, major technical shifts in e-commerce aim to influence customer behavior in favor of some products and brands. Artificial intelligence (AI) comes on board as an essential innovative tool for personalization and customizing products to meet specific demands. This research finds that, despite the contribution of AI systems in e-commerce, its ethical soundness is a contentious issue, especially regarding the concept of explainability. The study adopted the use of word cloud analysis, voyance analysis, and concordance analysis to gain a detailed understanding of the idea of explainability as has been utilized by researchers in the context of AI. Motivated by a corpus analysis, this research lays the groundwork for a uniform front, thus contributing to a scientific breakthrough that seeks to formulate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) models. XAI is a machine learning field that inspects and tries to understand the models and steps involved in how the black box decisions of AI systems are made; it provides insights into the decision points, variables, and data used to make a recommendation. This study suggested that, to deploy explainable XAI systems, ML models should be improved, making them interpretable and comprehensible.
ER Stress marker GRP78 is not expressed on ER − /PR − /Her2 − human breast cancer cell surface or secreted

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

GRP‐78 (a M r 78kDa calcium dependent glucose binding protein) located in ER lumen. It functions as ER chaperone and translocates proteins for glycosylation at the asparagine residue present in the sequon Asn‐X‐Ser/Thr (i.e., N‐linked glycosylation). This important biochemical event is essential for glycoprotein folding and function. When targeted in ER − /PR − /HER2 + breast tumor in athymic nude mice with the N‐glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, the cancer growth was reduced ~55% in three weeks. Paraffin sections of the tumor exhibited reduced N ‐glycan level, and reduced angiogenesis but increased GRP‐78 expression in microvasculature as well as in the tumor tissue (J. Biol. Chem. 286 , 29127–29138, 2011). This supported the presence of ER stress. We have now evaluated the effect of tunicamycin on the proliferation of metastatic ER − /PR − /HER2 − (MDA‐MB‐231) and non‐metastatic ER + (MCF‐7) human breast cancer cells. Tunicamycin inhibited proliferation of both cells types in a time and dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, GRP‐78 expression (protein and mRNA) was higher in tunicamycin (1.0 μg/ml) treated MDA‐MB‐231 and in MCF‐7 cells and supported by both Western blotting and qPCR. Since GRP‐78 is an ER stress marker, so we have followed its intracellular localization by immunofluorescence microscopy after treating the cancer cells with tunicamycin as well as after subjecting them to various stress conditions. We have used unfixed cells and stained with either FITC‐conjugated Concanavalin A (Con A), or Texas‐red conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or with anti‐GRP‐78 antibody. There were expression of N ‐glycans but not GRP‐78. GRP‐78 however became detectable after permeabilization of cells with a brief exposure to ice‐cold methanol. GRP‐78 was not detected in the conditioned media of the cancer cell but a high level of MMP‐1 did. We have therefore, concluded that GRP‐78 is neither expressed on the outer‐leaflet of the (ER − /PR − /HER2 − ) human breast cancer cells nor it is secreted into the culture media during tunicamycin‐induced ER stress. This is against the current dogma that GRP‐78 expression on the tumor cell surface or its secretion interferes with the cancer therapeutic(s) and make them as tumor promoters and not tumor suppressors. Our study, thus, suggests strongly that anti‐angiogenic and anti‐tumorigenic action of tunicamycin can be modeled to develop next generation cancer therapy, i.e., glycotherapy for treating breast tumor and all other sold tumors. Support or Funding Information Supported in part by the university funds (DKB), NIH‐NIDDK STEP‐UP Program (AR) and NIH/NIMHD G12MD007583 (KB).. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Educational Mismatch and Workers’ Fertility Intentions: Evidence from China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the impact of the educational mismatch on workers’ fertility intentions and explores the underlying mechanisms. Empirical research based on the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) data shows that undereducation has a negative effect on the fertility intentions of women aged 18–35, whereas overeducation reports no effect, a finding that remains stable in the robustness test and the IV model. An explanation for this phenomenon is that undereducated female workers have a wage premium and higher expectations of career development, which implies a greater opportunity cost of fertility. The heterogeneity analysis shows that women with low socio-economic status, especially those who are less educated, from low-income households, and who are employed in the private sector, are more affected. It is therefore necessary to reduce the substitution risk in the labor market for this group and to lighten the fertility burden and pressure on women.
Earthquakes in California in 1894

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

reports a disturbance at 3.25 a. m.A tremor lasting three seconds was followed after an interval of four seconds by a shock from south-southwest, and a slight tremor later.His seismograph at Tacoma barely showed the shock.VANCOUVER (BRITISH COLUMBIA).The earth trembled in British Columbia to-day.While the quaking continued, hanging pictures Swayed Slightly and crockery rattled on the shelves.San Francisco Chronicle.
Use of a Portable Whole-body Counter to Measure Internal Contamination in a Fallout-exposed Population

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The evaluation of body burdens of radionuclides in large populations is a health physics problem of considerable importance. Measurement with the whole-body gamma-spectrometer provides the best technique for this evaluation. A “portable” whole-body counter, such as the BNL model, makes it possible to carry out studies in remote areas. The report presents the technique of carrying out, in the field, a survey of internal contamination in a population. The study used to illustrate the technique is the survey made in 1961 of the gamma-ray spectra of a group of Marshallese people, some of whom had accidentally been exposed to fallout from nuclear detonation in 1954. The results of the latest study are presented in this report and compared to the findings from previous field studies among the Marshallese made in 1958 and 1959. Possible directions in which the development of this technique might proceed, and other possible applications of whole-body counting in the field are also discussed.
Implications of Chinese empire discourses in East Asia: critical studies on China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China is characterized by a long history, vast land, huge population and diversity unprecedented in world history. In addition, she is a unique case that has successfully completed the transition from empire to the nation-state. Therefore, her historical independence and her continuity become very important subject areas for research, and the concept “empire” re-emerges as a major means of explanation. The essential defining features of empire are tolerance and expansion. I have been reviewing discourses on “China as Empire,” looking at studies of the tributary system, the civilization-state, and the Tianxia view raised from both inside and outside of China. A common characteristic of these discourses is the perception that the past, present and future of China cannot be fully explained by Western concepts such as nation-state. They also reveal that the supposed continuity with the past, which is overemphasized in many studies, does not necessarily always correspond with historical reality. The key focus of the empire discourses is the project of future China. Finally, I put a particular emphasis upon the “perspective of peripheries” in order to find ways to demonstrate the benefits of viewing China as an empire, while also overcoming the weaknesses of empire theory. It is the reason why I apply to the analysis of the empire discourses the “compound state” theory incubated as a way of reunification of the Korean Peninsula.
Why are lawyers always behind? The disastrous situation with lawmaking in IT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the methodology of training lawyers in the era of the close intertwining of jurisprudence with the natural sciences and technology. It is especially important for future lawyers to acquire technical skills and special knowledge in the field of applied sciences, both in order to correctly formulate the provisions of law, and to understand the regularity of information technology operation, the logic of algorithms creating by programmers. The discussion is based on the experience of training IT-lawyers at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. New approaches to solving the problem of training lawyers with nontraditional knowledge for lawyers are proposed. It is indicated that the length of the legal training cycle should be extended in comparison with the standard one. The situation is complicated by the fact that law is always conservative: time must pass before new types of relations are established and ideas arise on how to regulate them correctly. Meanwhile, the progress in the IT-sector is so rapid that new forms of socially useful relations and methods of illegal actions appear and go down in history without being regulated or prohibited by legal norms. Therefore, training programs for IT-lawyers should be updated every 2-3 years. The training should be ahead of the future challenges of the scientific and technical environment to lawyers. Without such reforms in legal education, we risk losing control over new socio-technological processes.
Resonant power converter control for industrial magnetron

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High voltage DC power supplies have been used in a wide range of applications such as Radio Frequency (RF) tube drives, industrial, military, aerospace, medical, and domestic applications. Recently as a result of advances in power electronics and magnetic materials, development of compact high voltage DC power supplies has become an active area of research, and resonant power converters have been introduced as a promising solution, owing to their potential for high efficiency and high power density. Several resonant converter topologies have been investigated to be used as modulators for supplying RF tubes (i.e. Magnetrons, Klystrons, and Traveling Wave Tubes) for various applications. The main aim of this study is to develop a control methodology for maintaining soft switching of a series resonant series loaded (SRSL) power converter based modulator for driving an industrial magnetron with variable load conditions. This thesis considers the design of a high voltage, high frequency, compact power supply for applications where the load is variable and/or nonlinear. One particular application where this is the case is when driving an industrial magnetron with a variable output RF energy requirement. The magnetron appears to the resonant converter as a variable load which can negatively affect the efficiency of the power conversion unless control of the converter is carefully considered. A compact power supply based on the SRSL resonant converter with an extended combined phase and frequency control is proposed. A novel control method based on three dimensional (3D) lookup tables has been developed, in order to control the load resonant converter whilst maintaining soft switching under variable load conditions. A direct quadrature (DQ) based modelling approach is used to develop a suitable model of the converter for control design. Based on the characteristics of the magnetron, an emulator prototype is also proposed to represent the magnetron load behavior in a low voltage laboratory environment. A detailed design and implementation procedure is presented, including the hardware design and control of the resonant power converter and the magnetron emulator. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the approach and in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter modelling approach and control strategy. A good correlation between simulation and experimental results is obtained.
Ultra‐Wide Modulation and Reversible Reconfiguration of a Flexible Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguide Between 645 and 731 nm

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides, which deliver input or self‐emit light through various dynamic organic crystals, have attracted increasing attention in the past decade. However, the modulation of the waveguide output relies on chemical design and substituent modification, being time‐consuming and laborious. Here we report an elastic organic crystal that displays long‐distance light transduction up to 2.0 cm and an ultra‐wide modulation of crystalline optical waveguides between red (645 nm) and near infrared (731 nm) in both the pristine and the elastically bent states based on a pre‐designed self‐absorption effect. The flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides can be precisely and reversibly reconfigured by controlling the irradiation point. In addition, deep‐red amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) that is able to transduce through a 5.0 mm bent crystal with an ultra‐low optical loss coefficient of 0.093 dB/mm has been attained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of flexible organic ASE waveguides. The present study not only provides a simple yet effective strategy to remarkably modulate flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides but also demonstrates the superiority of lasing over normal emission as flexible optical communication elements.
Allelopathic Effect of Dature stramonium on Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using laboratory bioassay,this paper studied the effects of Dature stramonium extract on the germination rate,germination index,root length,lateral root number of soybean,and measured the soluble protein content and protease activity.The results showed that the allelopathic effects of D.stramonium differed with donor sites,which were in the order of root peel seed.As to receptor,the soybean root growth was more seriously inhibited than germination,especially lateral root growth.The allelopathic effects of D.stramonium extract were improved with concentration increasing.The results of physiological index indicated that D.stramonium,which mainly suppressed decomposition of soybean soluble protein,had lower inhibition effect on of storage protein hydrolysis.
’It May Be True, but How's it Helping?’: UK Police Detectives' Views of the Operational Usefulness of Offender Profiling’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study utilised qualitative semi-structured interviews with 11 detectives from a single UK police force, in an attempt to understand if, how, and why offender profiling can be operationally useful to police officers. Although some positive opinions were expressed, overall this study found the detectives to be dissatisfied customers of the service of offender profilers. Common complaints included profiles widening the field of investigation to unmanageable proportions in terms of suspects and cases, not telling police anything that they did not already know, profilers breaching the Police and Criminal Evidence Act, and advice being simply common sense or too general. Police also reported feeling pressurised into continued use, despite their scepticism.
Using the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Families (PTR-F) with Hispanic Families of Young Children with ASD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study assessed the feasibility of the newly manualized Prevent Teach Reinforce for Families (PTR-F) for use with Hispanic families of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who have difficulty adjusting to family routine. The study involved three families of children with ASD ages 3 to 6 years old who participated in the 5-step PTR-F process and who implemented the PTR intervention plan during naturally occurring family routines. A multiple-baseline across participants design was employed to examine the preliminary evidence of efficacy of using the PTR-F for children with ASD. The results indicated that Hispanic parents successfully implemented intervention strategies with the help of a facilitator using the PTR-F manual. All children’s alternate desirable behavior increased and problem behavior reduced a significant amount when the PTR-F intervention was implemented by the parents. The parents reported high social validity when implementing the PTR-F intervention.
Trends in Health Education and Promotion Research Published in the Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion from 2009 to 2011

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: By analysing the recent trends of published papers in the Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion, this study aims to identify and discuss some challenging issues, and to provide recommendations for quality improvement of the research papers. Methods: One hundred and sixty five papers published between 2009 and 2011 were examined and categorized according to selected standards. Results are displayed in frequencies and percentages. Results: The volume of articles published has increased by two-folds in three decades since the publication of the first issue. More than 90% of the papers were original articles. Cross-sectional research design was most frequently applied, while only 11.5 % of the articles were intervention studies. For cross-sectional research articles, limitation in generalizability of the study findings was mentioned as one of the major issues, in relation with the frequent use of convenient sampling methods and lack of theoretical evidence in inclusion of variables. Consideration of internal and external validity of the study, utilization of scientific evaluation design and mixed evaluation methods were recommended for intervention research to improve the quality of the research results. Conclusion: To serve as a key resource for evidence-based practices in health promotion, more strict scientific research criteria should be applied to the articles published in the Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.
sj-pdf-1-mpp-10.1177_23814683231159023 – Supplemental material for Catalog of EQ-5D-3L Health-Related Quality-of-Life Scores for 199 Chronic Conditions and Health Risks in Denmark

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mpp-10.1177_23814683231159023 for Catalog of EQ-5D-3L Health-Related Quality-of-Life Scores for 199 Chronic Conditions and Health Risks in Denmark by Michael Falk Hvidberg, Karin Dam Petersen, Michael Davidsen, Flemming Witt Udsen, Anne Frølich, Lars Ehlers and Mónica Hernández Alava in MDM Policy & Practice