jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the management of jaw tumor syndrome: a case report of pregnancy complicating treatment decision making

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare condition during pregnancy, but it is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks, including miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is a rare genetic form of PHPT caused by mutations in the CDC73 gene. Managing PHPT during pregnancy is particularly challenging. While surgery remains the definitive treatment, it carries increased risk of complications during pregnancy. Pharmacological options are generally contraindicated or have limited safety data, limiting available therapeutic strategies. We report the case of a 19-year-old woman with genetically confirmed HPT-JT syndrome who became pregnant while awaiting parathyroidectomy. Given the stability of serum calcium levels, absence of complications, and concerns regarding adherence to follow-up, a conservative management strategy was adopted, consisting of oral hydration, dietary calcium restriction, and close monitoring throughout gestation. The pregnancy progressed uneventfully, and a successful postpartum parathyroidectomy led to biochemical normalization. This case illustrates the challenges in managing PHPT during pregnancy and supports the potential safety of individualized conservative approaches in selected cases with stable disease. Learning points Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) during pregnancy is rare but may be associated with significant maternal and fetal risks; individualized management is essential. While parathyroidectomy is the only definitive treatment for PHPT, deferring surgery until the postpartum period may be a reasonable option in selected stable cases without complications. Conservative management with hydration and dietary calcium restriction may be a safe alternative in selected pregnant patients with stable, mild-to-moderate hypercalcemia. Genetic evaluation is critical in young patients with PHPT and relevant family history, as hereditary syndromes such as HPT-JT syndrome require long-term multidisciplinary surveillance.
Patient Safety Culture In Health Organizations: Scoping Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: identify and map the forms to evaluate the patient safety culture in health organizations. Method: scoping review, developed based on the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data collection occurred in June 2016 in 15 international databases. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results: the sample consisted of 75 publications. Among the eleven instruments identified to evaluate the safety culture, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire had the greatest international repercussion, since they were adapted, validated and used in different continents and contexts. Conclusion: The synthesis of the instruments enabled clarifying their characteristics, and how they can be important tools to support and accompany changes in the safety culture over time. Descriptors: Patient’s safety; Organizational culture; Nursing;
Light scattering by a multilayer sphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The recurrence algorithm for calculating electromagnetic scattering from a multilayer sphere, which was described recently by Wu and Wang [Radio Sci. 26, 1393, (1991)], is derived in a slightly modified form and extended to include a calculation of the internal field and the absorption cross sections of the individual layers. The original algorithm calculates the scattering by a recurrence procedure that propagates the log derivatives of the Debye potentials outward from the core to the outer layer. The extended algorithm then continues the calculation by an inward recurrence procedure that propagates the Debye potentials from the outer layer to the core. Concurrent with the inward propagation, a separate algorithm calculates the absorption cross sections of the imbedded concentric spheres. The results of several example calculations are presented, including the differential cross section and internal electric field of a Luneburg lens.
Focus groups for co-design of robotic trousers for improving mobility in older people

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research purpose and aims \nBy 2039 more than one in twelve of the population is projected to be aged 80 or over, bringing increased prevalence of immobility and reduced quality of life (ONS, 2015). Current assistive equipment for improving mobility can be experienced as stigmatising and constraining. A radical change in assistive and rehabilitative devices is needed. \nThe purpose of this collaborative study was to to inform ‘yet-to-be-designed’ soft robotic trousers for improving mobility in everyday living. \nResearch design and methods \nTwo focus groups were held in a robotics lab. Participants were: people with mobility impairments due to stroke or age related pathologies, engineers, rehabilitation doctors and an Occupational Therapist. Topics included advantages and disadvantages of existing assistive technology, acceptability of the idea of soft robotic trousers and what was needed from the materials. An artist provided a silent ‘running commentary’ and summary to check that views had been captured. \nFindings \nParticipants liked the idea of assistive trousers but had many and varied requirements for them. In addition to improving mobility, the trousers will be required to look and feel normal, be easy to put on and off and to look after, as well as being safe, reliable and adaptable. \nConclusions and impact for Occupational Therapy \nThe focus groups highlighted the need for the trousers to be compatible with the person, environment and occupations. Co-design with potential users and a multidisciplinary team has led to exploration of a variety of new materials to address the needs of potential users.
The Management of Tourism Crises in Jordan: Amman Hotels' Bombing Case Study.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to identify the reality of the management of the tourism crisis in Jordan (Amman Hotels' Bombing case study), in order to show the role of the management and how it affects the tourism crisis in Jordan, The researcher has tried to handle numerous points including finding a special concept for a tourism crisis, what a crisis generative environment is, the management of the tourism crisis, and all this by studying the Jordanian management approach during the Hotel bombing in Amman. To clarify and achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted a descriptive analytical approach of what was stated in the most important books and references in both Arab and foreign periodicals and journals, statistics, and some of the official reports relating to the ethics of the research. It is recommended in this study that there is a need to provide training opportunities for all people who have a role in the management of tourism crises especially in the communication sector. This also includes a massive presence of police in the tourism sites, hotels, and indeed in all the tourism areas under the condition of secrecy. It is also suggested that well qualified policemen be provided with modern defensive weapons.
Stochastic Acceleration of $^3$He and $^4$He in Solar Flares by Parallel Propagating Plasma Waves: General Results

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the acceleration in solar flares of $^3$He and $^4$He from a thermal background by parallel propagating plasma waves with a general broken power-law spectrum that takes into account the turbulence generation processes at large scales and the thermal damping effects at small scales. The exact dispersion relation for a cold plasma is used to describe the relevant wave modes. Because low-energy $α$-particles only interact with small scale waves in the $^4$He-cyclotron branch, where the wave frequencies are below the $α$-particle gyro-frequency, their pitch angle averaged acceleration time is at least one order of magnitude longer than that of $^3$He ions, which mostly resonate with relatively higher frequency waves in the proton-cyclotron (PC) branch. The $α$-particle acceleration rate starts to approach that of $^3$He beyond a few tens of keV nucleon$^{-1}$, where $α$-particles can also interact with long wavelength waves in the PC branch. However, the $^4$He acceleration rate is always smaller than that of $^3$He. Consequently, the acceleration of $^4$He is suppressed significantly at low energies, and the spectrum of the accelerated $α$-particles is always softer than that of $^3$He. The model gives reasonable account of the observed low-energy $^3$He and $^4$He fluxes and spectra in the impulsive solar energetic particle events observed with the {\it Advanced Composition Explorer}. We explore the model parameter space to show how observations may be used to constrain the model.
Multiform Views of Multiple Trees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe a case study of TaxVis, a multiple view system for examining relationships between sets of multiple classification trees. The system displays multiform views of the dataset, which in turn can either be a singular view of the larger forest object formed from the set of trees, or multiple views in themselves, using linking to show relationships between the separate trees. We describe the circumstances that led to the development of the multiple view aspects of the application and how it emerged that different views were indeed suited to different tasks
Investigation of the Structure and Interface Features of Ni/Ce1–xZrxO2 Catalysts for CO and CO2 Methanation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structural features and reduction-induced structural evolution of Ni/Ce1–xZrxO2 catalysts for the methanation of carbon oxides were investigated. The catalysts prepared by the impregnation technique were investigated by ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed reduction by H2. The main part of nickel was established to exist on the support surface as bulk NiO and Ni0 nanoparticles in as-prepared and reduced under reaction conditions catalysts, respectively. The metal–support interaction with incorporation of Ni2+ ions into the Ce1–xZrxO2 crystal lattice was also revealed. In situ XRD and XPS studies allowed one to monitor the structural evolution of the Ni/Ce1–xZrxO2 catalysts during their heating under H2 atmosphere in the temperature range of 25–450 °C. The formation of Ni0 nanoparticles was shown to favor reduction of Ce1–xZrxO2 oxide via hydrogen spillover. In situ XRD results revealed reversible expansion and contraction of the Ce1–xZrxO2 crystal lattice in reductive and oxidative atmospheres, which are associated with Ce4+ ↔ Ce3+ transitions and redistributions of oxygen vacancies. The elucidated metal–support interaction and synergism of redox properties of the Ni/Ce1–xZrxO2 catalysts are relevant for high activity in the CO2 and CO methanation reactions.
Synthesis of Binary Nanocomposite Conductive Polypyrrole and Reduced Graphene Oxide as Electrode Materials for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/rGO) composite material was synthesized through a chemical oxidative process, to tackle the persistent challenge of developing cost‐effective and scalable electrode materials with high energy density and excellent charge storage capabilities for supercapacitor applications by integrating polypyrrole with rGO. The rGO was introduced into the polymerization process of polypyrrole. The composite underwent detailed investigation using different characterization techniques. Subsequently, analysis of the electrochemical properties included galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Nickel foam was used as the substrate material for the electrode. The PPy/rGO composite exhibited a remarkable specific capacitance of 365.1 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, as evidenced by CV, highlighting its excellent electrochemical properties. Moreover, the specific capacitance derived from GCD measurements surpassed expectations, reaching an impressive value of 375 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g. The corresponding energy density and power density for the specific capacitance of 375 F/g are 46.875 Wh/kg and 1140.20 W/kg, respectively. This further highlights the exceptional potential of this composite material for energy storage purposes. These findings highlight the PPy/rGO composite’s remarkable electrochemical characteristics and demonstrate its effective synthesis and thorough characterization. The simplicity of the synthesis process coupled with the outstanding performance of the composite underscores its viability for various energy storage and conversion devices.
Quantitative Skills and Complexity: How can we Combat these Challenges and Equip Undergraduate Students to Think and Practice as Biologists?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mapping the pedagogical process of learning in biology has shown that fieldwork and laboratory practicals require students to use quantitative skills in a high-level learning context. These tasks include creating graphical representations of data and performing statistical analyses, and are major areas of student disengagement and poor performance. Biology educators face a challenge: how to keep students engaged in mastering new techniques and methodology to develop the ‘thinking of a biologist’, while developing confidence using quantitative mathematical skills. Here we investigate the use of an online learning module in molecular biology to simplify this complex process of learning in biology. The module emphasised the links between the concept (gene regulation), experiments (growing Escherichia coli in the presence of different effector molecules and substrates) and the data recorded. An audit of student assignments and surveys before and after the introduction of the module indicated that students improved their data presentation skills. Results highlight the cognitive and practical complexity of the task. The usefulness of consolidating information by providing extra time using a blended approach to laboratory practicals is discussed. Finally, the relationship between the practical activity and threshold concepts, thinking dispositions and mindfulness is made to better understand how we can assist students to become quantitatively confident and competent in their practice as biologists.
UK approves preimplantation genetic screening technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The screening of embryos for an abnormal number of chromosomes has been approved in principle by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the body that regulates in vitro fertilisation treatment in the United Kingdom.

It is the first time that the authority has approved a technique that detects a range of genetic abnormalities rather than one specific genetic disease. The technique, known as aneuploidy screening, is thought to increase the success rate of in vitro fertilisation by eliminating those embryos that have a poor chance of implanting in the womb.

In a statement issued last week, the …
Investigation Thermal Conductivity of Biological Materials by Direct Heating Thermistor Method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work is devoted to determination coefficient of thermal conductivity for biological materials by developed multichannel device, the principle is based on direct heating thermistor method. Provided the experimental studies results with standard liquids and biological materials obtained with the use of this device. The results of conducted researches for thermophysical characteristics of biological materials by the multiple method taking into account the individual properties of substance have been substantiated.
INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY OF WAVELET ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION SIGNALS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During solution of engineering problems of machinery dynamics a need of revealing the harmonic components often arises in the narrow timing gate. This requires the use of wavelet-transformation oscillation methods and introduction of intelligent systems to hardware and software used in the experiment. The wavelet is considered as a short in time signal functional window, which has its internal structure in the form of a fading wavelike burst, and it is characterized by a scale of display of certain events in the field of the signal frequency spectrum, as well as and by time axis shifts. Complex-functioned continuous functions of real arguments (Daubechies wavelets, Gaussian wavelets, MHat-wavelets), complex-valued functions of real arguments (Morlet and Paul wavelets), as well as real discrete functions (HААRT- and FHat-wavelets) are used as wavelet functions. The wavelet analysis method of vibration signals is disclosed at acoustic diagnostics of machines and mechanisms. Digital implementation of discrete indications of wavelets with the subsequent visualization of results in the form of scalotons is the mathematical basis of the algorithm for procession of vibration signals. It has been suggested that engineering analysis and reconstruction of signals should be implemented by means of directed and reverse continuous wavelet conversions, which are discrete by arguments. The structural and functional scheme of the multichannel system of the intelligent wavelet analysis of vibration signals in machines has been considered. The intelligent system for study of vibration signals makes it possible to form the totality of photographic parameters, when scalotons are calculated by wavelet functions. An example of experimental implementation of the wavelet conversion method of vibration signals parameters is shown. Results of scalotons calculation are shown, when MHat-wavelet and DOG-wavelet are used.
New Dimensions of Professional Development of Middle School Foreign Language Teachers from the Perspective of Learning Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The learning community is the vision for the high-quality development of basic education in the new era. Promoting the construction of a learning community for foreign language teachers in middle school is not only an inevitable requirement for the New English Curriculum reform, but also a realistic need to realize teachers' professional development. The learning community of foreign language teachers in middle school should be committed to creating a home for teachers to have a common sense of belonging and a field for teachers to gain professional dignity and happiness. Learning community should be built by shaping a new teaching and research culture and leading teachers to form a common vision, building a digital learning platform and expanding the space for teachers' professional development, and establishing a developmental evaluation system to promote the sustainable development of teachers.
[An autopsy case of myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (Fukuhara disease)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1980, Fukuhara et al. have reported two patients with "myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers" (MERRF), which is at present accepted as a distinctive clinical entity among the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. We describe here postmortem findings of the case whose clinical findings were reported in detail by Fukuhara et al. (1980) as Case 1. The neuropathological findings were summarized as follows: 1) degeneration of dentate nucleus, red nucleus, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and pontine tegmentum, 2) degeneration of the Clarke's column, spinocerebellar tract, posterior column and corticospinal tract, as well as of the posterior spinal nerve root and sural nerve, and 3) degeneration of substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, cerebellar cortex and inferior olivary nucleus. The lesions were degenerative in nature, and their distribution was different from those of dentato-rubropallidoluysian atrophy, Joseph's disease or Friedreich's ataxia. It was concluded that MERRF is a single disease entity also from pathological point of view.
Natural gas facility methane emissions: measurements by tracer flux ratio in two US natural gas producing basins

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Methane (CH4) emission rates from a sample of natural gas facilities across industry sectors were quantified using the dual tracer flux ratio methodology. Measurements were conducted in study areas within the Fayetteville shale play, Arkansas (FV, Sept–Oct 2015, 53 facilities), and the Denver-Julesburg basin, Colorado, (DJ, Nov 2014, 21 facilities). Distributions of methane emission rates at facilities by type are computed and statistically compared with results that cover broader geographic regions in the US (Allen et al., 2013, Mitchell et al., 2015). DJ gathering station emission rates (kg CH4 hr–1) are lower, while FV gathering and production sites are statistically indistinguishable as compared to these multi-basin results. However, FV gathering station throughput-normalized emissions are statistically lower than multi-basin results (0.19% vs. 0.44%). This implies that the FV gathering sector is emitting less per unit of gas throughput than would be expected from the multi-basin distribution alone. The most common emission rate (i.e. mode of the distribution) for facilities in this study is 40 kg CH4 hr–1 for FV gathering stations, 1.0 kg CH4 hr–1 for FV production pads, and 11 kg CH4 hr–1 for DJ gathering stations. The importance of study design is discussed, including the benefits of site access and data sharing with industry and of a scientist dedicated to measurement coordination and site choice under evolving wind conditions.
Individuality of distress and discomfort calls in neonates with bass voices: Wild‐living goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) and saiga antelopes (Saiga tatarica)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Neonate ruminants produce distress calls when captured by a predator and discomfort milk begging calls when hungry. In many neonate ruminants, the distress and discomfort calls are high‐frequency vocalizations, in which the fundamental frequency is the key variable for recognition of their emotional arousal by caregivers. In contrast, in this study, we examine the low‐frequency open‐mouth distress and discomfort calls in the neonates of two species of wild‐living ungulates, which clearly highlight vocal tract resonances (formants). In the goitred gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa ), the distress calls were higher in fundamental frequency (f0) and in the first and third formants than the discomfort calls. The accuracy of classifying individuals by variables of distress calls with discriminant function analysis (67%) was significantly lower than that of discomfort calls (85%). In the saiga ( Saiga tatarica ), only the third formant was higher in the distress calls than in the discomfort calls. The accuracy of classifying individuals by variables of distress calls (89%) did not differ significantly from that of discomfort calls (94%). Thus, the use of acoustic cues to vocal identity and to the degree of arousal differs between the two species. Calls were significantly more individualistic in the saiga, probably because this species lives in large herds and neonates use a ‘following’ antipredatory strategy, in which vocal individuality is crucial for mother–offspring communication. In contrast, goitred gazelles live in smaller groups and neonates use a ‘hiding’ antipredatory strategy. Accordingly, mothers can rely on additional environmental cues for spotting their young and this may decrease the necessity for individualization of the calls of neonates.