jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studi Fenomenologi Pemaknaan Masyarakat Terhadap Nilai Filosofi Arca Manusia Peninggalan Zaman Batu di Kabupaten Lahat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lahat Regency is dubbed as the land of 1000 megaliths, because there are more than 1000 megalith findings registered in the Indonesian muri record. This study aims to determine the meaning of the Simpur Village community on the philosophical value of human statues, namely the results of historical relics in the megalithic era in Lahat Regency. This statue depicts the figure of a leader, who is presented with a strong figure having a head that is slightly protruding forward. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. And this research uses phenomenological studies with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies, interviews, and documentation techniques. This study aims to determine the meaning of the Simpur Village community on the philosophical value of human statues in Simpur Village, Lahat Regency.
Comparison of trichloroacetic acid with other protein-precipitating agents in enriching abnormal prion protein for Western blot analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Detection of the abnormal or the pathogenic form of prion protein (PrP Sc ) by Western blot (WB) is challenging, especially, for samples derived from cell cultures that contain low levels of PrP Sc . A variety of PrP Sc concentration methods have been reported with various PrP Sc recovery efficiencies. Ultracentrifugation is one of the methods used frequently to enrich the pathogenic form of PrP Sc prior to WB analyses. The resulting PrP Sc pellet is extremely insoluble and often requires sonication to be dissolved, potentially generating aerosols. We modified the common protein-precipitating protocol using trichloroacetic acid to concentrate PrP Sc by slow-speed centrifugation, followed by solubilization of the pellets with 6 mol/L urea prior to sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and WB analyses. Comparative studies suggest this simple trichloroacetic acid protocol was more effective in enriching PrP Sc presented in cell cultures and brain homogenates than other reported protein-precipitating methods. Furthermore, incorporation of the urea treatment step to dissolve the precipitated PrP Sc pellets helped to reduce the infectivity of PrP Sc .
Liquid‐Gas Mass Transfer of Volatile Substances in an Energy Dissipating Structure

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Mass transfer of a range of volatile substances was studied under highly turbulent conditions. The applied setup mimicked drop structures, where the release of volatile organic carbons likely occurs at a high rate. The experiments covered several substances in a range of resistances from residing entirely in the liquid film to being fully in the gas film. The two‐film theory yielded a good prediction of the whole measured range. This allowed the experimental validation of a method where two reference substances are applied, to determine the transfer of any other substance ‐ independently of where its resistance to mass transfer resides. One finding was that the range of dimensionless Henry's constants, where both films contributed by more than 5%, was 0.0027 to 1.05, which is over five times higher than the accepted rule of thumb (0.0005–0.18). Another finding was that the ratio between the liquid and the gas film mass transfer coefficients of the reference substances was similar for the two drop configurations studied. If this holds true over a wider range of configurations, such a ratio constitutes a valuable shortcut to the current practice of ignoring gas film resistance in the estimation of mass transfer rates.
Digital Technologies as Media to Transfer Knowledge in IT Firms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the last decade, improvements in information and communication technologies have made possible the transformation of knowledge transfer processes from purely informal to increasingly formal and more diverse communication mechanisms that enrich intra-organizational communication channels. In this chapter, the authors followed a case study approach to analyze three Mexican companies with the objective of understanding how companies in the IT sector are implementing digital technologies to achieve knowledge transfer in their organizations. The findings suggest that workers seek and choose tools that can be personalized and customized to adapt to their own needs. New digital technologies are proving to be a new and relevant channel of communication among people: therefore, these should be considered to be one possible way to motivate knowledge transfer at work.
Exploring the Value of Cooperative Learning in Enhancing Teaching in Integrated School Environments of the Northern Cape Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper via a mixed research method explores the value of cooperative learning in enhancing teaching and learning in integrated school environments in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Furthermore it attempts in determining the views of educators regarding cooperative learning and to identify issues relevant to the learning contexts of learners. Findings of this investigation revealed that educators viewed their lack of understanding the use of cooperative learning as teaching tool as a challenge in enhancing teaching and cultural diversity. Learners alluded to issues with regard to the school curriculum, lesson presentation and interaction as their biggest challenge. This investigation which was conducted as a pilot study and is as such part of the first phase of a funded project by the National Research Foundation of South Africa.
Drive for Creativity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We advance a hypothesis that creativity has evolved with evolution of internal representations, possibly from amniotes to primates, and further in human cultural evolution. Representations separated sensing from acting and gave "internal room" for creativity. To see (or perform any sensing), creatures with internal representations had to modify these representations to fit sensor signals. Therefore the knowledge instinct, KI, the drive to fit representations to the world, had to evolve along with internal representations. Until primates, it remained simple, without language internal representations could not evolve from perceptions to abstract representations, and abstract thoughts were not possible. We consider creative vs. non-creative decision making, and compare KI with Kahneman-Tversky's heuristic thinking. We identify higher, conscious levels of KI with the drive for creativity (DC) and discuss the roles of language and music, brain mechanisms involved, and experimental directions for testing the advanced hypotheses.
Association of ERCC1 protein expression to platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5530 Background: Although platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for treatment of ovarian cancer, some patients are resistant to the treatment and will therefore not benefit from the standard platinum-based chemotherapy. Preclinical and clinical data have suggested a potential use of ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1 enzyme) as a molecular predictor of clinical resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. ERCC1 is a key enzyme in the nucleotide excision repair pathway which is involved in the DNA repair mechanisms in tumor cells. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate if immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein was associated with resistance to standard combination carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 101 patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer were used for immunohistochemical staining for the ERCC1 protein. The percentage of positive tumor cells in each slide were scored as 0 if 0 % of the tumor cells were positive, 0.1 if 1 %-9 %; 0.5 if 10 %-49 %; and 1.0 if 50 % or more were positive. A semi quantitative H-score was calculated by multiplying the staining intensity (0–3) with the percentage score. The tumor was considered positive when the H-score was > 1.0. All patients received carboplatin-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy. Results: ERCC1 protein overexpression was found in 13.9 % of the tumors. Platinum resistance were found in 75 % of the tumors with positive ERCC1 protein expression compared to 27 % among the patients with negative tumor staining for ERCC1 (p = 0.0013). These findings translated into a significant difference in progression free survival in both univariate (p = 0.0012) and in multivariate analysis (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The data presented suggests a positive association between positive ERCC1 protein expression and clinical resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Britain and the Academic Boycott of Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

David Newman is a professor of political geography and a senior research fellow at BenGurion University of the Negev, where he founded the Department of Politics and Government. Editor of the international journal, Geopolitics, he has published widely on issues relating to territory and borders, with a focus on the territorial dimensions of the two-state solution for Israel-Palestine. His book Borders in a Borderless World will be published in 2009. During the past year Prof. Newman has represented Israeli universities in the UK on all matters related to the academic boycott.
Busting a myth with the Bayes Factor: Effects of letter bigram frequency in visual lexical decision do not reflect reading processes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psycholinguistic researchers identify linguistic variables and assess if and how these affect cognitive processes. One such variable is letter bigram frequency, or the frequency with which a given pair of letters co-occurs in an orthography. While early studies have shown that bigram frequency affects visual word recognition, subsequent, well-controlled studies have failed to show such an effect. Still, researchers continue to use it as a control variable in psycholinguistic experiments. We propose two reasons for the persistence of this variable: (1) Studies have reported no evidence for an effect of bigram frequency, but this cannot provide evidence for no effect. (2) The theoretical implications of a bigram frequency have been largely neglected. We address the first issue by performing Bayes Factor tests on both a matched item set and large-scale studies, and the second by discussing possible theoretical implications. We find no effects of bigram frequency effects for lexical decisions, though there is some evidence for an effect in reading aloud.
Direct Alteration of the P/Q-Type Ca2+Channel Property by Polyglutamine Expansion in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 6

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spinocerebellar ataxia 6 (SCA6) is caused by expansion of a polyglutamine stretch, encoded by a CAG trinucleotide repeat, in the human P/Q-type Ca(2+) channel alpha(1A) subunit. Although SCA6 shares common features with other neurodegenerative glutamine repeat disorders, the polyglutamine repeats in SCA6 are exceptionally small, ranging from 21 to 33. Because this size is too small to form insoluble aggregates that have been blamed for the cause of neurodegeneration, SCA6 is the disorder suitable for exploring the pathogenic mechanisms other than aggregate formation, whose universal role has been questioned. To characterize the pathogenic process of SCA6, we studied the effects of polyglutamine expansion on channel properties by analyzing currents flowing through the P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels with an expanded stretch of 24, 30, or 40 polyglutamines, recombinantly expressed in baby hamster kidney cells. Whereas the Ca(2+) channels with
Knee arthroplasty: a window of opportunity to improve physical activity in daily life, sports and work

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty are well established treatment options, primarily aimed at reducing pain and improving joint function for patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis.1 Although most patients receiving knee arthroplasty have good clinical outcomes, core outcome definitions suggest that societal participation after surgery is not a primary treatment goal.2 This is unfortunate as the number of patients receiving arthroplasty is rapidly increasing. In the Netherlands, a 297% growth in knee arthroplasties is expected between 2005 and 2030,3 with half of the patients of working age due the rising pension age and increasing trends in osteoarthritis among younger people. In particular for these ‘younger’ patients, societal participation including activities of daily life, sport and work is essential.4

In BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine , Konings and colleagues5 reported on a systematic review on 19 studies (n=4074 participants) on physical activity and sports participation before and after knee arthroplasty. The authors found that knee arthroplasty, in general, has positive effects on physical activity and sports participation. Physical activity and sports participation return to levels similar to those before the osteoarthritis symptoms and is fortunately much higher compared with presurgery. Only high-impact sports were less frequently resumed after surgery. Furthermore, patients who remained active until the surgery were also most active after surgery, while patients who stopped participating in physical activities and sports prior to surgery were less likely to restart postsurgery.

Physical activity is a …
Morphofunctional aspects of left coronary artery dominance: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anatomical studies of the coronary arteries began in the eighteenth century. However, the concept of dominance was only established in 1940, being initially purely anatomical. Currently, this concept involves several morphofunctional aspects, being essential for the understanding of the clinical presentations in cardiovascular patients. This article aims to discuss a case of left coronary dominance associated with risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes, but with less severe clinical presentations than those predicted in the literature, highlighting the importance of knowledge in clinical practice.
Improvement of Hand Hygiene Practices among the Healthcare Workers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands become progressively colonized with potential pathogens during their patient care and act as a vehicle for transmission of microorganisms to other patients. Hand hygiene is undisputedly one of the most effective infection control measures. The objective of this study was to measure the hand hygiene (HH) compliance among the doctors and nurses before and after intervention. Methodology. This quasi-experimental (before and after) study was conducted from July 2019 to July 2020 in the neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. The doctors and nurses were observed for their compliance to HH before and after the intervention. Several group discussions were arranged, and posters on HH were attached as reminders at the workstations during the intervention period. Binary logistic regression analysis of the predictors for the outcome as HH noncompliance was performed.The overall compliance to HH was significantly increased in both before (from 42.9 to 83.8%, p=<0.0001) and after (28.5 to 95.9%, p=<0.000) patient contact, in both the case of high-risk and low-risk contacts (p=<0.000) following the intervention. A significant reduction in the frequency of inadequate HH (20.2 to 9.7%, p = .000) was documented. In logistic regression analysis, compliance to HH was found more after the intervention (aOR = 13.315, 95% CI: 7.248-24.458). Similarly, being a physician (aOR = 0.012, 95% CI: 0.005-0.030) and moments after patient contact (aOR = 0.114, 95% CI: 0.049-0.261), significant positive predictors for compliance to HH were found.Significant improvements in HH compliance were achieved through a systemic, multidimensional intervention approach among the doctors and nurses in an intensive newborn care setting.
Patterns of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Northern Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the frequency of different types of cleft lip and palate, geographical distribution and its association with consanguinity, family history and other syndromes in the Northern Pakistani population. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Settings: This study was performed in Plastic and Reconstructive units of Hayat Medical Complex Peshawar Pakistan, Aman Hospital Peshawar Pakistan and Abasin Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from November 2010 to December 2011. Material and Methods: All the patients, irrespective of their gender, presenting with cleft lip/palate deformities were included in the study. Previously operated cases and those who did not agree with the study protocol were excluded from the study. The data were collected through questionnaires as well as history and physical examination. The data were organized and analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17 (SPSS 17). The results were expressed in the form of tables and figures. Results: A total of 159 patients of cleft lip and cleft palate deformities were included in the study, having a mean age of 3.5+6.59 years and containing 59.1% males and 40.9% females with a ratio of 1.4:1. A cleft lip with palate, cleft palate and cleft lip were found in 51.6%, 31.4% and 17% of cases, respectively. Left-sided clefts were most common in the cleft lip with palate and the isolated cleft lip deformity. A cleft lip with palate was a male dominant variety (62.8% of cases), while in the cleft palate variety, the dominant gender was female. In 61.6% of cases, the parent had a consanguineous relationship. In 21.4% of cases, family history was positive for the cleft lip/palate. Other congenital anomalies were associated in 10.7% of cases. Conclusion: Cleft deformities of the lip and palate affect the male population more than females with cleft lips, in association with a cleft palate being the most common anomaly. Females are mainly affected by an isolated cleft palate. The high prevalence of these deformities in consanguineous marriages emphasizes educating people. The lower number of patients from distant distracts of Northern Pakistan calls for the attention of the health department. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2012; 1(2.000): 63-70]
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep Redox Systems. Part 66. An Uncommon Derivative of 4H‐Thiopyran‐4‐one: 4H,8H‐Thiopyrano[3,2‐b]thiopyran‐4,8‐dione: Synthesis, Redox Properties, and Calculations.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of Basal Lamina in Tissue Interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Basal lamina are extracellular structures found closely apposed to the plasma membrane on the basal surface of epithelial and endothelial cells and surround muscle and fat tissues. While the primary function of basal lamina in most adult tissues is probably supportive, significant evidence indicates that during embryonic development, basal lamina may be involved in regulating heterotypic tissue interactions. Changes in composition of the basal lamina of salivary and mammary gland epithelial tissues during development probably are important for branching morphogenesis which leads to the final form of the organ. During tooth organogenesis, selective basal lamina degradation and direct cell contact between developing epithelium and mesenchyme has been documented and suggested to be necessary for cytodifferentiation. Basal lamina turnover, as suggested by these morphological observations, no doubt involves both basal lamina synthesis and degradation. We have studied several factors evidently required for basal lamina reconstitution in vitro, and have discovered that fibronectin added to enamel organ epithelial cultures provided cues required for basal lamina formation in vitro. Both fetal calf serum and dental papilla mesenchyme-conditioned media also provided specific signals for basal lamina reconstitution. In addition, we have found that fibronectin is produced by the dental papilla mesenchyme, is released into the medium, and can be isolated from epithelial explants which have been cultured in mesenchyme-conditioned medium; the epithelial explants themselves do not make fibronectin in vitro.
Temporary Water Bodies as Ecological Indicators in West African Drylands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Freshwater resources and changes in those resources have been identified as one of the most important global change issues in the arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Western Africa. In these regions, most surface waters are temporary and exhibit a high spatial and temporal variability associated with seasonal rains. Wide-field-of-view satellite sensors allow mapping and monitoring of the changing surface water extent every 10 days, at a 1 km spatial resolution, at a regional scale. The accuracy of these water body detections was assessed by a time series analysis, allowing the production of a map that represented a synthesis of 10-daily water body detections from 1999 to 2007. The map included, in particular, temporary water bodies, which showed the potential of wide-field-of-view satellite sensors to add novel information to existing surface water databases. The high accuracy obtained for the regional scale water body map was confirmed during a field survey in the Republic of Niger, West Africa.\nThe fact that water bodies can be monitored in near-real time, at low cost, at a regional scale, with a high reliability, makes them ideal ecological indicators. Relationships and interactions exist between the seasonality and extent of temporary water bodies, rainfall, and vegetation cover, and changes in one factor lead to changes in one or more of the other factors. When these changes are quantified, localized and the relative contribution of each factor is evaluated with statistical analyses, it is possible to give indications about the ecosystem state at both a catchment and a regional scale. This integrated assessment of remotely sensed rainfall, vegetation cover, and water body extent showed the potential of detected temporary water bodies to function as ecological indicators in West African drylands.
SHIMMER CHINODYA AND THE COMPLEXITIES OF POSTCOLONIAL ZIMBABWEAN IDENTITIES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Postcolonial African identities are as complex as they are contested. On their part, creative writers have offered some of the most powerful descriptions of the quest for postcolonial African identities. They have painted some of the most lasting images of the struggles faced by Africans in response to colonialism and its attendant issues such as Christianity, and the demonising of African cultural belief systems. In this article, I examine Shimmer Chinodyaâ€™s portrayal of the challenges of postcolonial Zimbabwean identities. Whereas some writers have made politics and economics the key dimensions to the construction of postcolonial Zimbabwean identities, Chinodya has largely confined himself to the cultural dimension. Where other authors focus on the nation, he concentrates on the family. I, therefore, argue that the decision to concentrate on the family has enabled Chinodya to describe the complexities of postcolonial Zimbabwean identities in more vivid ways. I conclude that Chinodyaâ€™s attempt at resolving the puzzle is problematic, although he outlines the challenges in an informative way.