jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on the feeding attractants for fishes and shells. V. Statistical approach to finding probable feeding attraetants for juvenile yellowtail.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ceneral evaluation of the attractive effect through the behavioral exploratoty and feeding observations can be expressed quantitatively by the attraction index gr, which is the product of the coefficients g and r of a logistic curve y=g/{1+exp[-r(j-a)]} in the entering number time-courses. Tis index showed a rough positive linear relation to only crude lipid contents amongst nine general chemical constituent contents in the four kinds of representative food animals during storage at low temperature. This finding was verified statistically by the significance test of correlation between the index gr, coefficient g or r and the contents of each of the nine constituents or the combination of two or three of them. The significance test of multiple and partial regression coefficients in any of the index and two coefficients on the combination of any two factors including the constituents, foodanimal dummy and storage days revealed that sugar and lipid contents (=xi) are the probable factors having a close relation to the index gr(=y). because multiple regression coefficients (rv•xixj ) and partial ones (both of rvxi•xj and rvxj•xi) of combination to cuttlefish dummy (xj) were significant. The factor probably having a relation to coeffcients g and r was sought with the significance test of 3-factor combinations chosen by that of 2-factor ones. Amino acids-volatile acids-one of other constituents and amino acids-volatile organic acids-one of other ones combinations showed significant multiple and partial correlation to g and r respectively. These results suggested that amino acids showed one of the most important factors having a close relation to feed attraction.
War on Terror in Afghanistan; an Analysis of U.S Failed Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bush's presidency begins with Al Qaeda attack on US territory, they adopted new strategies to counter radical Islamist groups and ensure American security, and the new setup established a new central agency, known as 'The Department of Homeland Security.' Secondly, they decided to keep the war out of American territory and invaded Afghanistan and quash the sanctuaries of Al-Qaeda and get rid of the government in Afghanistan. Another strategy was 'the doctrine of Preventive war' and the last action was against Saddam Hussain about whom they used to claim that Iraq possessed "Weapon of Mass Destruction." They pursued Afghan Taliban, too, as the enemies of the United States. The reason for such war was that the Bush administration or war policy makers had no understanding of Afghan society. To such an ignorant invader over the complex society, the ethnically diverse and religiously traditional fault lines caused tremendous trouble.
Gender norms and sexual violence among South African adolescents: discrepancies between personal attitudes and perceived peer norms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social norms, particularly those pertaining to gender equity, can shape attitudes and behaviors that contribute to adolescent sexual violence (SV). This study examines personal attitudes and perceived peer norms regarding gender equity and associations with perpetration of SV among 100 South Africans aged 13-17 in 2019. We assessed: (1) sexual activity and SV behaviors and (2) personal attitudes and perceived peer norms around gender equity. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regressions examined associations between attitudes, norms, and SV, adjusting for demographics. Findings reveal that 59% of sexually active adolescents reported perpetrating SV behaviors, though only 8% classified their actions as "rape". Adolescents endorsed more gender equitable personal attitudes compared to their perceptions of peers, highlighting a misperception of social norms. Differences in gender equitable attitudes by biological sex and perpetration status were minimal, however, males and those reporting perpetration were more likely to endorse specific inequitable gender attitudes. Number of lifetime sexual partners was significantly associated with SV perpetration, particularly among males. An age-sex interaction revealed opposing trends - older age was associated with reduced odds of SV perpetration among males but increased odds among females. Correcting misperceived norms is a promising strategy for SV prevention among South African adolescents.
Implementation of Whitehouse's method for calculating properties of self-affine fractal profiles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Many software packages for roughness analysis offer the possibility of calculating the fractal dimension D of surface profiles by techniques, which assume them to be self-similar and therefore uniquely defined by D. However, fractal profiles are not self-similar but self-affine, so that two profiles of quite different roughnesses may share the same fractal dimension. To distinguish between them requires the calculation of an additional scaling factor, the so-called topothesy Λ. Traditionally, D and Λ are derived laboriously from the slope and intercept of the profile's structure function. A quicker and more convenient derivation from standard roughness parameters has been suggested by Whitehouse. Based on this derivation, it is here shown that D and Λ depend on two dimensionless numbers: the ratio of the mean peak spacing to the rms roughness and the ratio of the mean local peak spacing to the sampling interval. Using this approach, values of D and Λ are calculated from the measurements on surface profiles produced by polishing, plateau honing, and various single-point machining processes. Different processes are shown to occupy different regions in D–Λ space, and polished surfaces show a relationship between D and Λ, which is independent of the surface material.
Addition of Amines and Hydroborane to the Disilyne RSi≡SiR (R = SiiPr[CH(SiMe3)2]2) Giving Amino- and Boryl-Substituted Disilenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of 1,1,4,4-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,4-diisopropyltetrasila-2-yne 1 with diethylamine or diphenylamine produced the corresponding amino-substituted disilenes R(R'(2)N)Si=SiHR 2a, b (R = Si(i)Pr[CH(SiMe(3))(2)](2), R' = Et (2a), Ph (2b)). The reaction of 1 with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane afforded the boryl-substituted disilene R(R''(2)B)Si=SiHR 3 (R''(2)B = 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl). Spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses of 2a, b, and 3 showed that 2a and 3 have a coplanar arrangement of the Si=Si double bond and amino or boryl groups, giving pi-conjugation between the Si=Si double bond and the lone pair on the nitrogen atom or vacant 2p orbital on the boron atom, whereas 2b exhibits no such conjugation.
Portable HEPA Filter Air Cleaner Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Behavior Problem Scores: The UGAAR Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Developmental exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may impair children's behaviors; the timing of exposure may also play an important role. METHODS: In this single-blind parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we randomly allocated 540 non-smoking pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to receive 1-2 portable HEPA filter air cleaners from enrollment until the end of pregnancy or no air cleaners. We administered the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd Edition (BASC-3) to caregivers when children were a mean age of 23 months, and again at 48 months. The primary outcomes were the four BASC-3 composite scales. We imputed missing outcome data using multiple imputation with chained equations and our primary analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). In a secondary analysis, we evaluated associations between BASC-3 composite indices and trimester-specific indoor PM2.5 concentrations. RESULTS:We enrolled participants at a median of 11-weeks gestation. After excluding pregnancy losses and neonatal deaths, analysis included 478 children (233 control and 245 intervention). No differences in mean BASC-3 scores were found between groups. In a secondary analysis, indoor PM2.5 during first trimester of pregnancy was associated with worse behavior scores at age 4. An interquartile range (20.1 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with higher behavioral problem scores for externalizing (2.4, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.1), internalizing (2.4, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.0), and behavioral symptoms index (2.3, 95% CI: 0.7, 3.9). No significant associations for PM2.5 concentrations observed during the second trimester or any of the BASC indices at age 2. CONCLUSIONS:We found no benefit of reducing indoor air pollutants during early brain development on children's behaviors. Childhood behavior may be sensitive to indoor PM2.5 concentrations during first trimester and interventions in early pregnancy may be necessary to protect children. However, these exploratory findings should be interpreted cautiously and require replication. KEYWORDS: Particulate matter, Neurodevelopmental outcome, Children's environmental health
The potential for clupeid fishery in Lake Kainji, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The potential for a clupcid fishery in Lake Kainji has been examined using both experimental fishing samples and the results obtained from those of the commercial fishermen. A total annual production of 1,400 tons has been estimated. In money terms, this amounls to N198.800 (£99,400) per annum.This production has been sustained by the abundant zooplankton food available the year round on the lake.Recommendations for the effective methods of cropping clupeids were made, bearing in mind the need to maintain the fishery on a sustained yield basis.The place of c1upeids in the ecology of the lake was examined and on the basis of the evidence available it was recommended that Pellonula afzeluisi could be exploited on a large commercial scale without any adverse effects on the fishery in the lake.
Sugarcane Disease Classification Using Soft Computing Algorithms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sugarcane plant diseases are caused by various insects, bacteria, viruses etc., To reduce the impact of the diseases and thereby increase sugarcane yield, early detection of diseases is required. Existing techniques for detection of plant diseases focus on a single type of disease which does not have a significant impact on increasing the sugarcane crop yield. We propose an efficient Sugarcane Disease Classification system (SDC) using soft computing techniques. The proposed system has four different modules; colour space conversion, histogram generation, feature extraction and classification. Sugarcane image is represented by two different colour models RGB and La*b*.Wavelet and contourlet based energy features from both RGB and La*b* colour models are extracted and finally classified using a neural network. The proposed SDC system is tested on 1000 sugarcane images affected with ten different diseases (100 images per category) by a 10-fold cross validation approach. Results show that the SDC system provides an average classification accuracy of 99.89%
[Application of dhfr gene negative Chinese hamster ovary cell line to express hepatitis B virus surface antigen].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, the high level expression of HBsAg demonstrated that the dhfr negative mammalian cell line when recombined with plasmid harboring the corresponding deleted gene can efficiently express the foreign gene. The further steps toward building optimum conditions of the expressing system and the increase of expressed product are under study.
Intervensi Relaksasi Otot Progresif (Progressive Muscle Relaxation) pada Pasien Kanker yang Mengalami Fatigue

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on fatigue in cancer patients. The method used is a systematic review. The results showed that of the 7 articles reviewed, 6 showed that PMR could reduce fatigue or fatigue in cancer patients and 1 article showed no significant difference in applying progressive muscle relaxation to fatigue or fatigue. In conclusion, PMR can reduce the fatigue experienced by cancer patients. Keywords: Cancer, Fatigue, Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field: Changes in Antioxidant Capacity of Seedlings in Different Picea abies (L.) H. Karst Half-Sib Families

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the context of climate change, methods to improve the resistance of coniferous trees to biotic and abiotic stress are in great demand. The common plant response to exposure to vastly different stressors is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by activation of the defensive antioxidant system. We aimed to evaluate whether seed treatment with physical stressors can activate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and radical scavenging activity in young Picea abies (L.) H. Karst seedlings. For this, we applied seed treatment with cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) and compared the response in ten different half-sib families of Norway spruce. The impact of the treatments with CP (1 min—CP1; 2 min—CP2) and EMF (2 min) on one-year-old and two-year-old P. abies seedlings was determined by the emergence rate, parameters of growth, and spectrophotometric assessment of antioxidant capacity (enzyme activity; DPPH and ABTS scavenging) in needles. The results indicated that the impact of seed treatment is strongly dependent on the genetic family. In the 577 half-sib family, the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR) increased after EMF-treatment in one-year-old seedlings, while similar effects in 477 half-sib family were induced by CP2 treatment. In two-year-old seedlings, CP1-treatment increased CAT, APX, POX, GR, SOD, DPPH, and ABTS activity in the 457 half-sib family. However, no significant impact of the treatment with CP1 was determined in one-year-old seedlings in this family. The application of novel technologies and the consideration of the combinatory impact of genetic and physical factors could have the potential to improve the accumulation of compounds that play an essential role in the defense mechanisms of P. abies. Nevertheless, for different resistance and responses to stressors of plants, their genetic properties play an essential role. A comprehensive analysis of interactions among the stress factors (CP and EMF), genetic properties, and changes induced in the antioxidant system can be of importance both for the practical application of seed treatment in forestry and for understanding fundamental adaptation mechanisms in conifers.
C/EBPα instructs trophectoderm and pluripotency through the II6 pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Continuous C/EBPa expression converts B cells into macrophages while its transient upregulation before the Yamanaka factors yields highly efficient iPSC reprogramming. C/EBP members regulate Il6 pathway genes and IL-6 signaling participates in macrophage differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. We have explored the possibility that C/EBPa regulates the Il6 pathway during B cell transitions and found that it activates Il6 or Il6ra expression in different subsets. Il6 expression results dispensable for macrophage switch but it impairs pluripotency and trophectodermal genes in iPSC reprogramming. Those signatures firstly arise during preimplantation development with the segregation of ICM and trophectoderm layers in the blastocyst. We detected C/EBPa in 4- to 8-cell mouse embryos and later in the trophectoderm. We also found Il6 and Il6ra being respectively expressed in the trophectoderm and ICM, with IL-6 blockade delaying blastocyst formation and C/EBPa null blastocysts bearing low Il6 levels. Inducible C/EBPa clones of ESCs activate Il6ra as well as trophectoderm and pluripotency programs among different cells. We speculate that C/EBPa could instruct ICM/trophectoderm segregation through IL-6 signaling regulation.
Community nurse behaviours related to patient involvement in decision making varied on a continuum of non-involving to

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Millard L, Hallett C, Luker K. Nurse-patient interaction and decision-making in care: patient involvement in community nursing. J Adv Nurs 2006;55:142–50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outcome of Elderly Patients with Meningioma after Image-Guided Stereotactic Radiotherapy: A Study of 100 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction . Incidence of meningioma increases with age. Surgery has been the mainstay treatment. Elderly patients, however, are at risk of severe morbidity. Therefore, we conducted this study to analyze long-term outcomes of linac-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for older adults (aged ≥65 years) with meningioma and determine prognostic factors. Materials and Methods . Between October 1998 and March 2009, 100 patients (≥65, median age, 71 years) were treated with FSRT for meningioma. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Eight patients each had grade I and grade II meningiomas, and five patients had grade III meningiomas. The histology was unknown in 77 cases (grade 0). Results . The median follow-up was 37 months, and 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 93.7%, 91.1%, and 82%. Patients with grade 0/I meningioma showed 3- and 5-year PFS rates of 98.4% and 95.6%. Patients with grade II or III meningiomas showed 3-year PFS rates of 36%. 93.8% of patients showed local tumor control. Multivariate analysis did not indicate any significant prognostic factors. Conclusion . FSRT may play an important role as a noninvasive and safe method in the clinical management of older patients with meningioma.
Academic Study of Kabbalah and Occultist Kabbalah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article examines the complex and ambivalent relations between Kabbalah scholarship and western esotericism.It shows that in the late 19 and early 20th century, several scholars of Kabbalah found interest in the occult and had connections with western esoteric movements.It analyses the complicated and nuanced attitude toward western esotericism of Gershom Scholem and shows that although he disparaged occult Kabbalists, he had a more positive appreciation of Christian Kabbalah and early modern western esoteric currents.Furthermore, the article argues that Kabbalah academic scholarship and western esoteric and occult circles share some significant terms, presuppositions, and theological perspectives.The article claims that Kabbalah scholarship and Occult Kabbalah have common genealogies, significant connections, and shared ideas and that the recognition, and study, of these complex relations, may contribute to a better and more nuanced understanding of both Kabbalah scholarship and modern western esotericism.
Causation, Consumer Credit and Bankruptcy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The ambiguity of the link between consumer credit and bankruptcy creates real challenges for policymakers. For example, academics have explored the likelihood that expansion of the bankruptcy discharge can both increase the demand for credit and decrease the supply. Similar work has considered the effect of bankruptcy exemptions on the supply and demand for credit. An important problem for either analysis, underscored by Tom Jackson, has been the likelihood that quasi-rational behavioral biases of consumers undermine the policy prescriptions one might draw from models focused on fully rational actors.
egr3 is a mechanosensitive transcription factor gene required for cardiac valve morphogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biomechanical forces, and their molecular transducers, including key mechanosensitive transcription factor genes, such as KLF2 , are required for cardiac valve morphogenesis. However, klf2 mutants fail to completely recapitulate the valveless phenotype observed under no-flow conditions. Here, we identify the transcription factor EGR3 as a conserved biomechanical force transducer critical for cardiac valve formation. We first show that egr3 null zebrafish display a complete and highly penetrant loss of valve leaflets, leading to severe blood regurgitation. Using tissue-specific loss- and gain-of-function tools, we find that during cardiac valve formation, Egr3 functions cell-autonomously in endothelial cells, and identify one of its effectors, the nuclear receptor Nr4a2b. We further find that mechanical forces up-regulate egr3 / EGR3 expression in the developing zebrafish heart and in porcine valvular endothelial cells, as well as during human aortic valve remodeling. Altogether, these findings reveal that EGR3 is necessary to transduce the biomechanical cues required for zebrafish cardiac valve morphogenesis, and potentially for pathological aortic valve remodeling in humans.
Ethno-mathematic Design in Statistical Analysis Content (Numeracy Literacy Development Study)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The mathematics learning process can be carried out by using and utilizing social phenomena, culture, and other aspects. In the past and currently, mathematics has developed in culture and society, even integrating culture with mathematics. Therefore, it is necessary to involve existing phenomena to overcome various existing problems, including mathematical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to teach mathematics in schools by depicting the context of the origin of mathematical ideas by utilizing culture so that it becomes meaningful learning for students, in this case called ethnomathematics. This short article tries to examine Ethnomathematics Design. In Statistical Analysis Content (Numeracy Literacy Development Study). The method used in this research is ethnography with a qualitative approach. The research results show that the development of ethnomathematics design can go through the definition stage to the initial development stage. From this development stage, an ethnomathematics design in statistical analysis content was produced. The design of ethnomathematics in statistical analysis content is a must-see for the philosophical value of ethnomathematics in its development.