jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
YРА therapy by a background resonance radiation in chronorehabilitation of patients with chronic cholecystitis in combination with chronic opisthorchosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The chronobiological approach was used to improve indices of functional activity of the biliary excretion system and enhance the general efficiency of treatment at chronic cholecystitis in combination with chronic opistorhcosis. For this purpose, transverse galvanization of the eigatric area was carried out against the background of general health-improving procedures and the YРА therapy by the background resonance radiator after intake of herbal remedy (hepatosol). The treatment was carried out with allowance for the individual phase of the rhythm of activity of the biliary excretion system or with the use of a group approach with procedures prescribed in the rising (from 10:00 to 11:00) or declining (from 13:00 to 14.00) phase of the rhythm. The results obtained indicated that the chronophysiotherapy in patients chronic cholecystitis in combination with chronic opistorhcosis increase the efficiency of treatment, while the accessibility of this approach confirms its practical significance.
Designing Cost-Effective Reliable Networks From a Risk Analysis Perspective: A Case Study for a Hospital Campus

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The unavailability of information and communication services due to network-related incidents may have a significant impact on large organizations. Network incidents can hence be viewed as a risk for organizations whose consequences are not accounted for by traditional network design problems. In this work, we address the problem of designing a reliable wired network from a risk analysis perspective. We propose a novel methodology for the quantitative assessment of the risk associated with network-related incidents in a hospital campus. We then define an optimization problem to find the topology that minimizes the network cost plus the expected loss over time attributable to the unavailability of corporate services to staff affected by network incidents. A case study illustrates our methodology and its benefits. Using available public information, we design the topology of a campus network for a large hospital where the cost of labor exceeds 200M€/year. The solution to our optimization problem is found through well-known genetic algorithms and provides a topology where network nodes with a higher impact on productivity exhibit higher reliability. As a consequence, the topology obtained reduces more than 95% (+392 000€) the expected annual lost profits when compared to common reduced-cost topologies such as the minimum-cost ring or the non-reliable minimum-cost tree, showing that investment in risk reduction pays off. Our contribution may be used by engineers to (re)design cost-effective reliable networks or by hospital managers to support decisions on updating present infrastructure based on risk reduction.
Efficacy of Pounce on Chinese Cabbage for Control of Green Peach Aphid and Bertha Armyworm, 1981

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract ‘Hiratsuka’ Chinese cabbage was seeded into 20-ft, 2-row beds, having 22-in row and 12-in interplant spacing on 10 July, 1981. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) soil had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2. Pounce was applied at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 lbs (AI)/acre on 4, 12, 18, and 24 Aug., and 2, 8, 15, and 22 Sept, using a boom sprayer mounted on a tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. The treatments were applied in 40 gal/acre at 60 lb/in2 through D2-25 TEEJET nozzles spaced 11 in apart on the boom. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were sprinkler irrigated as needed but not less than 48 h after a treatment and at a rate of ca 0.375 acre-in/h. Efficacy was determined by examining 10 heads from each plot 3 days after the final treatment for the abundance and distribution of both aphids and worms. Phytotoxicity was determined at the same time.
Combining HDAC and MEK Inhibitors with Radiation against Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in glioblastoma limit effective treatment and promote therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Using a combined radiation and drug-screening platform, we tested the combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (MEKi) with radiation to predict the efficacy against GSLCs. To mimic a stem-like phenotype, glioblastoma-derived spheres were used and treated with a combination of HDACi (MS-275) and MEKi (TAK-733 or trametinib) with 4 Gy irradiation. The sphere-forming ability after the combined radiochemotherapy was investigated using a sphere formation assay, while the expression levels of the GSLC markers (CD44, Nestin and SOX2) after treatment were analyzed using Western blotting and flow cytometry. The combined radiochemotherapy treatment inhibited the sphere formation in both glioblastoma-derived spheres, decreased the expression of the GSLC markers in a cell-line dependent manner and increased the dead cell population. Finally, we showed that the combined treatment with radiation was more effective at reducing the GSLC markers compared to the standard treatment of temozolomide and radiation. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MEK inhibition with radiation may offer a new strategy to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
Isopropanol Effects on the Phase Formation and Texturing of Sol-Gel Derived PMN Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of isopropanol as a dilute solution were studied on the phase formation, the microstructure and the texturing of sol-gel derived PMN thin films. The films fabricated using only methoxyethanol as a solvent consisted of pyrochlore phase and randomly oriented large perovskite grains. The films fabricated using the solution of 50% methoxyethanol and 50% isopropanol showed relatively lower phase formation temperature and consisted of mainly (111) preferred oriented small perovskite grains. Lead loss at the reaction temperature could be prevented by using the isopropanol as a dilute solution.
Experiments in sound: generating sonic landscapes in online spaces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The democratic possibilities of a new public sphere created by communication technologies have been widely celebrated. Online technologies have created new spaces for individuals to facilitate encounters with and understanding of popular music. Across East Africa, online space as a medium to present popular music has been eagerly embraced by musicians, fans and cultural intermediaries. However, the social, cultural and financial resources required to convene a public for online space are unevenly distributed, and online spaces are frequently discarded, abandoned and deserted. These emergent and abandoned spaces offer us an alternative archive of imaginings, possibilities and potentiality in cultural life. Using the example of the Tanzanian hip hop blog Bongo Boom Bap, this article explores how, using online technologies, the blog's creator is able to generate a distinctly Tanzanian, pan-African, transnational hip hop space. I trace the origins of the blog to contestations over the direction of Tanzanian hip hop which took place in the late 1980s and early 1990s and explore how these are revisited and reimagined through online space. The blog ultimately seeks to generate ‘authentic’ hip hop production offline and constructs this new genre through the configuration of relationships between multiple musical temporalities, localities and traditions.
Isolation and partial characterization of two biologically active peptides from porcine spinal cord.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two biologically active peptides designated SCP-1 and SCP-2 have been isolated and partially characterized from porcine spinal cord. The results of amino acid analysis, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and the chromatographic analysis of the dansylated derivatives indicate that these two peptides are homogeneous. The amino acid composition and apparent untriakontapeptide and SCP-2 is a pentacospeptide. The N-terminal amino acids of SCP-1 and SCP-2 are Arginine and Tryptophan respectively. SCP-1 can stimulate the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and SCP-2 induces hypotension in anesthetized rat. Both SCP-1 and SCP-2 show no morphine-like activity. The chemical composition and biological properties of SCP-1 and SCP-2 distinguish them from any known peptide.
Minimizing ergot infection in hybrid rye by a SMART breeding approach.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Restoration of male fertility is currently the most favourable approach to minimize ergot infection in hybrid rye varieties. Novel gene-based STS markers proved to be efficient tools for marker assisted introgression of the restorer gene Rfp1 in hybrid rye varieties. In the present study, we were able to detect linkage of these markers to a second major restorer gene of the P cytoplasm, Rfp2, as well. Our analysis of Rfp2 revealed, that the expression of this major restorer gene is largely influenced by modifier genes. As an additional result, we identified microsatellite markers linked to minor restorer genes located on chromosomes 1R, 3R, 6R and 7R. Although the the SSR markers provide a significant progress in addressing these minor restorer genes, the complex genetics of male-fertility restoration based on Rfp2 increases the efforts of marker assisted introgression of this restorer gene in elite breeding lines. The observed linkage of the STS markers to Rfp2 as well as to Rfp1 and Rfc1 in a previous study supports the assumption, that the restorer genes identified on chromosome 4RL are either alleles of a single restorer gene or represent different linked genes located in this sub-genomic region. The gene-based markers on chromosome 4RL, together with a set of microsatellite markers dispersed throughout the entire rye genome, proved to be efficient tools to elucidate the genetics and to examine the value of restorer genes for practical hybrid rye breeding.
Role of the Rab GTPase activating proteins TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 in the regulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metabolic flexibility is a key feature of skeletal muscle tissue to adapt to changing energy demands and substrate availability. The Rab GTPase-activating protein (RabGAP) TBC1D1 has previously been described to play a critical role in skeletal muscle and whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism, respectively. Tbc1d1-deficient mice exhibit a disturbed glucose uptake into skeletal muscle under insulin-stimulated conditions and after exposure to the AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside). In addition, both, in vivo lipid utilization as well as fatty acid uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle cells are enhanced upon Tbc1d1-deficiency. Thus, it was concluded that TBC1D1 represents a molecular switch between glucose and lipid utilization, primarily acting in the skeletal muscle. In the present study, it could be demonstrated that TBC1D1 and its closely related RabGAP TBC1D4 (= AKT substrate of 160 kDa, AS160) mediate their metabolic action by directly regulating the activity of small Rab GTPases in skeletal muscle cells. Knockdown of the previously described RabGAP downstream targets Rab8a, Rab8b, Rab10, Rab14 and Rab40b in C2C12 myotubes resulted in decreased long-chain-fatty acid uptake. Moreover, data obtained in isolated murine skeletal muscles and cultivated C2C12 myotubes indicated that the RabGAP-mediated processes are predominantly dependent on changes in the translocation of fatty acid transport protein FATP4. Besides the direct impact of TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, additional indirect alterations of skeletal muscle physiology could be shown. Tbc1d1-depleted C2C12 myotubes exhibit increased mRNA expression of Fatp4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4), and FATP4 as well as PDK4 protein abundance is increased in skeletal muscle from Tbc1d1-deficient mice. In addition, investigation of skeletal muscle lipid composition reveals alterations of lipid distribution and potentially activity of key enzymes responsible for the cellular lipid composition. Further studies will focus on the mechanisms underlying the molecular connection between RabGAP action and expression as well as activity of enzymes controlling lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and, as a consequence, whole-body energy metabolism.
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in patients with amyothrophic lateral sclerosis: an integrative literature review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose: to provide an integrative review of the current evidence on the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: the study question followed the PECO strategy, and the search was performed in Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, using keywords and specific free terms. Two authors screened eligible articles published from 2013 to October 2021 and extracted data on fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Literature Review: of the 1,570 articles initially identified, 14 were eligible. There was no consensus on the consistency, volume, and type of food, utensils, sequence, and number of repetitions of each task during the exam. The analysis parameters, when described, were distinct. Although with different classification criteria, the observation of pharyngeal residue, laryngeal penetration, and laryngotracheal aspiration was included in all studies. Conclusion: fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters are not standardized in studies with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
The Use of Polyacrylamide Gel as an Immunoadsorbent for Anti-2, 4-Dinitrophenyl Antibodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A simple, effective method for preparing an immunoadsorbent specific for anti-DNP antibody is described. The immunoadsorbent was made with a highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gel containing dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP30BSA) as the antigen. The immunoadsorbent permitted the adsorption and subsequent elution of a mouse myeloma IgA (MOPC-315) with anti-DNP activity. The Fc and F(ab) fragments from MOPC-315 could also be separated effectively on this column. In addition, a non-precipitating mouse IgG anti-DNP-hemocyanin antibody was also isolated using the same immunoadsorbent.
Bipolar Disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Classification of Bipolar and Related Disorders: Implications for Biological Research in This FieldCharles L. BowdenSecondary Mania: A model of the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder?Stephen M. Strakowski and Kenji W. SaxGenetic and Causal Factors of Bipolar DisorderRonnen H. Segman and Bernard LererCyclic and Oscillatory Behaviors in Biological Systems: A Relevant Model for Bipolar Disorder?Seymour M. Antelman, Joseph Levine, Samuel Gershon, Anthony R. Caggiula, and David J. EdwardsAbnormalities in Catecholamines and Pathophysiology of Bipolar DisorderAmit Anand and Dennis S. CharneyCholinergic Dysfunction in Mood DisordersDavid S. Janowsky and David H. OverstreetSerotonergic Dysfunction in Mood DisordersMaria A. Oquendo and J. John MannThe GABAergic Hypothesis of Mood DisordersIsabelle Massat, Daniel Souery, Julien Mendlewicz, and George N. PapadimitriouCell Membrane Abnormalities in Bipolar DisorderAlan G. MallingerIntracellular Signal Transduction Dysfunction in Bipolar DisorderJair C. Soares and Alan G. MallingerPostmortem Brain Studies in Bipolar DisorderJerry J. Warsh and Peter P. LiBrain Imaging Findings in Bipolar DisorderJair C. Soares and Robert B. InnisSleep and Biological Rhythms in Bipolar DisorderEric A. NofzingerBiology of the Switch Process in Bipolar DisordersJonathan M. HimmelhochHypothesis of a Viral Etiology in Bipolar DisorderRobert H. Yolken and E. Fuller TorreyRelationship of Bipolar Depression to Involuntary Motor DisordersJonathan M. HimmelhochElectroencephalogram Abnormalities in Bipolar DisorderWilliam S. MusserBiology Versus Environment: Stressors in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar DisorderStefanie A. Hlastala and Ellen FrankModulation of Biological Factors by Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Bipolar DisorderMichael E. ThasePredictive Validity of the Sensitization and Kindling HypothesisRobert M. Post, Terence A. Ketter, Andrew M. Speer, Gabriele S. Leverich, and Susan R. B. WeissBiological Factors in Different Bipolar Disorder SubtypesKeith A. Gary, Leighton Y. Huey, Robert A. Zepf, and Andrew WinokurBiological Factors in Bipolar Disorders in Children and AdolescentsBruce Waslick, Laurence L. Greenhill, and Evelyn BergerBiological Factors in Bipolar Disorders in Late LifeJose DeAsis, Xiao Lei Yu, and Robert C. YoungPerspectives for New Pharmacological InterventionsR. H. Belmaker and Yuri YaroslavskyGenetics and Lithium Response in Bipolar DisordersMartin Alda and Paul GrofToward a Pathophysiology of Bipolar DisorderJohn F. Neumaier and David L. Dunner
Orthosia ryrholmiRonkay et al., 2010 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a New Species for the Fauna of Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Orthosia ryrholmi G. Ronkay, L. Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010, recently described from China, is recorded in Russia for the first time. The new locality is distant from the three other known localities in China by up to 2800 km. This is a north-easternmost known locality of the species. Adults, male and female genitalia of O. ryrholmi and a sibling species O. populeti (Fabricius, 1781) are illustrated, and the diagnosis for O. ryrholmi is presented.
Lithologic and Pedogenic Influences on Porosity Distribution and Groundwater Flow in Fractured Sedimentary Saprolite: A New Application of Environmental Sedimentology

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Soil and fractured saprolite formed from weathered Middle Cambrian sedimentary rocks were analyzed from two shallow (< 2.5 m deep) pits located at the Oak Ridge Reservation in eastern Tennessee. The effects of both parent heterogeneity and pedogenic processes on fracture and matrix porosity were examined using thin-section petrography and geochemistry. The A and Bw horizons of the soil profiles comprise thin (20-60 cm), weakly developed, loamy inceptisols characterized by high (40-50%) matrix porosity. Subjacent saprolite with pore-occluding pedogenic clay (Crt horizon) occurs beneath a saprolite without pedogenic clay (Cr horizon) and varies lithologically depending on parent material (limestone, siltstone and shale, or sandstone). The soil and saprolite commonly contain root pores; the saprolite additionally contains bedding-parallel and bedding-perpendicular (orthogonal) fracture sets. The fractures and root holes were initially expected to control bulk or mesoscale hydraulic conductivity of the materials. This study indicates, however, that extensive pedogenic clay and Fe/Mn-oxide accumulations in the pores and fractures in the saprolite, at depths of 100-250 cm, cause porosity reduction that is so extensive it serves to create a low-hydraulic-conductivity barrier within the upper vadose zone. This barrier is known from prior work to cause formation of perched water-table conditions and rapid downslope flow during rainfall events, but this is the first study to investigate the origin of the low-conductivity barrier. Geochemical mass balance, using Ti as an immobile index, also demonstrates that three distinct weathering environments defined by element translocation patterns occur in each pit, which correspond to the soil zone (A and Bw horizons), shallow saprolite (Cr horizon), and deep saprolite (Crt horizon). The geochemical zonation is also consistent with the pedogenic and hydraulic interpretation of the system. The potential environmental significance of the zone of pore occlusion is also discussed from the perspective of runoff, recharge, and contaminant migration.
Crossing the Trust Gap in Medical AI: Building an Abductive Bridge for xAI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we argue that one way to approach what is known in the literature as the “Trust Gap” in Medical AI is to focus on explanations from an Explainable AI (xAI) perspective. Against the current framework on xAI – which does not offer a real solution – we argue for a pragmatist turn, one that focuses on understanding how we provide explanations in Traditional Medicine (TM), composed by human agents only. Following this, explanations have two specific relevant components: they are usually (i) social and (ii) abductive. Explanations, in this sense, ought to provide understanding by answering contrastive why-questions : “Why had P happened instead of Q?” (Miller in AI 267:1–38, 2019) (Sect. 1). In order to test the relevancy of this concept of explanation in medical xAI, we offer several reasons to argue that abductions are crucial for medical reasoning and provide a crucial tool to deal with trust gaps between human agents (Sect. 2). If abductions are relevant in TM, we can test the capability of Artificial Intelligence systems on this merit. Therefore, we provide an analysis of the capacity for social and abductive reasoning of different AI technologies. Accordingly, we posit that Large Language Models (LLMs) and transformer architectures exhibit a noteworthy potential for effective engagement in abductive reasoning. By leveraging the potential abductive capabilities of LLMs and transformers, we anticipate a paradigm shift in the integration of explanations within AI systems. This, in turn, has the potential to enhance the trustworthiness of AI-driven medical decisions, bridging the Trust Gap that has been a prominent challenge in the field of Medical AI (Sect. 3). This development holds the potential to not only improve the interpretability of AI-generated medical insights but also to guarantee that trust among practitioners, patients, and stakeholders in the healthcare domain is still present.