jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effects of ensiling whole crop maize with a multi‐enzyme preparation on the chemical composition of the resulting silages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract An enzyme preparation containing cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic and amylolytic activities was added to whole crop maize before ensiling in laboratory or pilot‐scale silos. In the enzyme‐treated silages, 5–28% of the cell wall components were degraded. The reduction in starch contents relative to the control, ranged from 40 to 75%. Higher enzyme dosages and longer incubation periods increased the degradation. The enzyme‐treated silages contained high concentrations of ethanol (2–3 mol kg –1 DM) and higher yeast counts. Counts of enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria did not differ. Levels of lactic acid were increased in the enzyme‐treated silages while acetic acid concentrations were similar. The starch in maize silage was degraded relatively easily by the amylase activity present in the enzyme preparation in comparison to the degradation of cell wall constituents. The liberated sugars were fermented to ethanol by yeasts. Probably the increased yeast count explains the observed lower aerobic stability of the enzyme‐treated silages.
My Generation of the 1960s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author of the article tries to clarify the peculiarities of the views of the generation of philosophers of the sixties, based on his personal experience. According to the author, the worldview and personal characteristics of this generation are based on the experience and understanding of the events of the national history of the 1950s, associated with the exposure of the personality cult of Stalin, and the phenomenon of the thaw. These events allowed the generation of the sixties to form a worldview based on a rethinking of their views, first – spiritual independence.
Simultaneous blockade of PARP and ATR/CHK1 pathway is more effective in killing ovarian cancer cell lines than drugs alone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The combination of olaparib with anticancer agents that disrupt HRR by targeting ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) may be an effective strategy to reverse ovarian cancer resistance to olaparib. Here, we evaluated the effect of olaparib, the ATR inhibitor AZD6738, and the CHK1 inhibitor MK8776 alone and in combination on cell survival, colony formation, DNA damage and apoptotic changes in BRCA2 mutated (PEO-1) and HRR-proficient BRCA wild-type (SKOV-3 and OV-90) cells. Combined treatment caused the accumulation of DNA DSBs. Synergistic effects were weaker when olaparib was combined with CHK1i and occurred regardless of the BRCA2 status of tumor cells. Because PARPi increases the reliance on ATR/CHK1 for genome stability, the combination of PARPi with ATR inhibition suppressed ovarian cancer cell growth independently of the efficacy of HRR.
Space charge accumulation due to ultra-fast charge packets in XLPE insulated cables: the effect of temperature and field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Small but repetitive charge packets injected from both electrodes, that cross insulation very rapidly and accumulate at the counter electrodes, are observed in polyethylene-based insulating materials. The results presented in this paper show that the charge packet amplitude remains almost independent of field and temperature, while mobility and repetition rate are thermally activated quantities. This indicates that a minimum quantity of charge is needed for the packet to be injected and transported through the insulation, while at higher temperatures the number of packets per unit time and the mobility increases.
The risk of hookah smoking and sharing hookah pipeduring the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Smoking hookah also called hookah, nargile, or water pipe, is a common practice in many parts of the world. Hookah smoke contains dangerous chemicals that affect the respiratory system and weaken the lungs, exposing the body to the risks of viruses, bacterial infections, tuberculosis, fungi and other diseases, as well as the risks of transmitting the COVID-19 to others. The aim of the study is assess people awareness of the risks of hookah use during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of sharing hookah pipes and their impact on the spread of COVID-19 in Saudia Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults above 18 years of age in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected through Google form via social media, email and WhatsApp between March 1, and March 8, 2022. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version. 26. Various tests such as frequencies and percentages of categorical variables, cross tables, Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test were used to analyze the data. P-value≤0.05 is considered a significant value. Results A total of 490 people participated the mean age was 35.3±18.7 and most of the participants were men (72%) and the educational level of the majority was high (69.5% University level and higher). More than half of the participants said they know the content of hookah (55.1%). Hookah smokers were 34.6% of the male participants and 29.9% of the female. 27.1% of Saudi participants (n=255) smoke hookah while 40% of non-Saudi participants (n=235) smoke hookah (P=0.002). 33.3% of the participants smoke only hookah and do not smoke cigarettes. 39.4% of participants thought that hookah smoking is not less addictive than smoking cigarettes. And 16.3% thought the toxic substances in the smoke are filtered by the water in the hookah. The result showed that 22.7% were sharing hookah with others before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is reduced to (8.4%) after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001). Conclusions Low level of awareness of the risks of hookah use during the pandemic and the risks of sharing hookah pipes and their impact on the spread of COVID-19 in the study group.
Model-Based Cell Tracking and Analysis in Fluorescence Microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological research is impossible to imagine without a microscope. Latest genera- \\ntions of microscopes, able to produce huge arrays of multidimensional data, only \\ndistantly resemble Leeuwenhoek\\xe2\\x80\\x99s first microscope. Every advance in visualization \\ntechniques and hardware brings us one step closer to understanding life, e.g., how \\ngenome information gives identity to cells, how cells constitute organisms and how \\nerrant cells cause disease. Discovery of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nineties of the previous century was definitely one of the most impor- \\ntant milestones on that path, giving new strong impulse to the field of fluorescence \\nmicroscopy.
Long‐term renal and hearing toxicity of carboplatin in infants treated for localized and unresectable neuroblastoma: Results of the SFOP NBL90 study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background A secondary end point of the NBL90 protocol (Rubie H et al. Pediatr Oncol 2001;36:247–250) was the concern in this infant population for possible carboplatin‐(CBDCA) induced late side effects including impaired renal and hearing functions. Procedure Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular function (TF), pure tone audiometry (PTA), high‐frequency, and transient evoked‐otoacoustic emission were prospectively assessed in 30 children alive and disease‐free 6 years after the end of the treatment. Results Median age at diagnosis and at assessment was 4.7 months and 7 years, respectively. Blood pressure was ≤97.5 centile in all children. The mean estimated GFR was 114 ± 13 ml/min/1.73 m 2 by Schwartz formula [range 87–145]. TF assessment failed to demonstrate any impairment. 29/30 children had grade 0 ototoxicity and all transient evoked otoacoustic emission were normal. Conclusions With a 6‐year follow‐up the combination of VP16 and carboplatin given at conventional doses is safe on renal and hearing functions in infants with unresectable neuroblastomas treated according to SFOP NB90. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:32–36. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Additional file 6 of Prognostic and predictive value of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: risk-stratified analysis from a prospective observational cohort of pediatric septic shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 6. Online Supplement: R code for PERSEVERENCE CART Tree to predict D3 Sepsis Associated-Acute Kidney Injury among children with septic shock.
The survivors confront Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The survivors who remained in Germany after liberation, together with the tens of thousands who were drawn to the American Zone of Occupation over the next two years, sought to escape the hostility of their neighbors, the fear of being trapped behind sealed borders and ever-present reminders of the past. In Occupied Germany, the US Army and UNRRA afforded protection and the provision of basic needs, She'erith Hapleitah offered community and care while both the Jewish Agency and JDC could serve as potential bridges to the future. In their first months on German soil the survivors were persuaded that deliverance could not be long in coming – surely, given what they had been through, the enlightened world would recognize their elementary right to start anew in a land of their own. Labour's adherence to the White Paper policy was a rude shock but hopes soared again when the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry recommended allowing 100,000 survivors to enter Palestine forthwith. With the understanding that nothing was going to change just yet, the pendulum swung again and deep disappointment set in. They were stuck in Germany with no way out.
Assessing women's potential risk of developing breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Available data show that women tend to overestimate their risk of developing breast cancer. Available models allow for the rapid identification of women who are at increased risk for breast cancer, along with a quantitative estimate of their probability of developing breast cancer over a period of years or by a certain age. Important risk factors include age; family history of breast cancer in first-degree (mother, sister, or daughter) or second-degree (aunt or grandmother) relatives; history of biopsy for benign breast disease, with or without atypical hyperplasia; nulliparity or first live birth after age 30; and menarche before age 12. Risk should be quantified routinely when women seek advice about breast cancer risk-management strategies. Counseling, with appropriate referrals when required, should always accompany specific recommendations for managing risk. Additional predictive models are needed for nonwhite women and for women not being screened regularly with mammography.
Sustainable development goals for speech-language pathology education and practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

“Invite the world to dream”. That is what the United Nations (UN) did in 2012 for establishing the ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) under the banner “The World We Want”. Three years later, the UN General Assembly agreed upon 17 SDGs, under the overarching principle of “leaving no one behind”. Ten of the 17 goals relate to health, with SDG 3 being ‘to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’, which is regarded as the ultimate purpose of the global health system post-2015 era. This paper relates to the extant challenges of how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can contribute to the global-call of achieving SDG 3, and the intercept when teaching speech-language pathology and public health. We invite the APEC-SLP community to contemplate the global SDG framework so as to apply it to local contexts by (i) deepening SLP understanding of SDG3 and (ii) increasing the awareness of the intercept between public health and speech-language pathology, preparing the future SLPs to work in the contemporary health system globally
Mycophenolate Mofetil Modulates Differentiation of Th1/Th2 and the Secretion of Cytokines in an Active Crohn’s Disease Mouse Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an alternative immunosuppressive agent that has been reported to be effective and well tolerated for the treatment of refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of MMF on intestinal injury and tissue inflammation, which were caused by Crohn’s disease (CD). Here, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-relapsing (TNBS) colitis was induced in mice; then, we measured the differentiation of Th1/Th2 cells in mouse splenocytes by flow cytometry and the secretion of cytokines in mice with TNBS-induced colitis by real-time polymerase chain reaction and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RT-PCR/ELISA). The results show that MMF significantly inhibited mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β in mice with TNBS-induced colitis; however, MMF did not inhibit the expression of IL-10 mRNA. Additionally, ELISA showed that the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β were down-regulated in a TNBS model of colitis. Flow cytometric analysis showed MMF markedly reduced the percentages of Th1 and Th2 splenocytes in the CD mouse model. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) also significantly decreased the percentages of splenic Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro. Furthermore, MMF treatment not only significantly ameliorated diarrhea, and loss of body weight but also abrogated the histopathologic severity and inflammatory response of inflammatory colitis, and increased the survival rate of TNBS-induced colitic mice. These results suggest that treatment with MMF may improve experimental colitis and induce inflammatory response remission of CD by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines via modulation of the differentiation of Th1/Th2 cells.
Living longer in poor health? A narrative review of the evidence among international migrants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Empirical evidence on migrant morbidity suggests migrants have a higher burden of disease when compared to non-migrants in high-income destination countries. Yet, empirical evidence relating to migrant mortality typically shows a lower risk of death compared to non-migrants. Migrants might be living longer lives in worse health—a migrant ‘morbidity-mortality’ paradox. Sources of data: Peer-reviewed publications. Areas of agreement: The paradox has been reported in different destinations, across different migrant groups, and across different health outcomes. It presents most consistently among migrants and women from low and middle-income countries and/or when morbidity outcomes are self-reported. Areas of controversy: The majority of the evidence is based on aggregated, cross-sectional prevalence data that has well-known limitations. Many studies rely on self-reported morbidity information and/or specific aspects of morbidity that are unlikely to be representative of broader health.Growing points: The idea that migrants are living longer lives in worse health is a relevant social and public health concern in destination countries that needs to be further explored and understood by gathering more reliable evidence. Areas timely for developing research: We need more evidence of the paradox based upon linked individual-level, incidence-based data that can compare the morbidity and mortality risks of the same migrant and non-migrant populations using objective data on morbidity from primary care (i.e., general practitioners) or secondary care (i.e., hospitalisations). We need to know more about how widespread the paradox is, which migrant groups are most affected by it, and potential mechanisms responsible for it.
Body-, Eating-, and Exercise-Related Comparisons During Eating Disorder Recovery and Validation of the BEECOM-R

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social comparison tendencies are strongly associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In the current study, we quantitatively examined the structure and predictive value of these constructs during eating disorder recovery. We revised an existing measure of body-, eating-, and exercise-related social comparisons, the Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM), to improve psychometric properties. We also assessed the psychometric properties of the shortened Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure-Revised (BEECOM-R) in a comparison sample, resulting in an abbreviated measure suitable for recovering, clinical, and non-clinical samples. Finally, we used the revised measure to examine the additive influence of body-, eating-, and exercise-related comparisons on shape and weight dissatisfaction and disordered eating cognitions among 150 women (ages of 18–35 years) in self-identified recovery. Results suggest that body-, eating-, and exercise-related social comparisons all continue to correlate with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating during recovery. A minority of participants reported these comparisons to be helpful during the recovery process. We recommend social comparison as a clinical target for most women seeking support for eating pathology. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/ 10.1177/0361684319851718
Impact of Flooding on Agricultural Livelihoods in Jabonga, Agusan del Norte

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Flooding has increased in frequency in various parts of the country, causing damage to thousands of households every year. It directly affects communities through damage to livelihood and properties, loss of earning, and health hazards. Households dependent on agriculture for livelihood are particularly vulnerable because of the negative impact of flooding to productivity. Damage assessments following flood events are regularly done to determine extent of loss and to identify critical areas for intervention. However, these are often macroscale assessments, which do not necessarily generate information that could be useful for policymaking. At the municipal level, planning for disaster mitigation and adaptation strategies are devolved and should be operationalized. This study sought to determine microscale damage estimates of the largest flood event in the history of Jabonga, in Agusan del Norte, in southern Philippines. Jabonga is a lakeside municipality adjacent to Lake Mainit, the fourth largest lake in the Philippines.
Effects of DMSO concentration on cryopreservation-induced stress in keratinocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of DMSO for cryopreservation, its concentration dependent effects on epithelial cells remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding sublethal stress responses. OBJECTIVES: To investigate how different DMSO concentrations affect cryopreservation-induced stress in human keratinocytes at both structural and functional levels. METHODS: Keratinocytes were cryopreserved using 1.8%, 2.2%, 5%, and 10% DMSO and stored at −80°C. Post‐thaw viability, proliferation, membrane fluidity, and transmembrane potential were assessed alongside ultrastructural analysis using SEM and TEM. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, 5% DMSO preserved optimal ultrastructure and membrane integrity, yet induced persistent hyperpolarization, suggesting latent mitochondrial stress. Although 10% DMSO yielded the highest initial viability (97.9%), it triggered depolarization, nuclear lobulation, and mitochondrial swelling, indicating early onset of oxidative stress. Low concentrations (1.8%, 2.2%) failed to maintain membrane stability, resulting in apoptosis‐like morphology and a 50% drop in proliferation. A novel negative correlation (r = −0.84) between DMSO concentration and membrane fluidity was identified, redefining the assumption that higher DMSO always rigidifies membranes. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that cryopreservation‐induced membrane potential shifts occur in a nonlinear, concentration-dependent manner, decoupled from immediate cell survival. The finding that 5% DMSO induces functional stress despite ideal morphology suggests that structural preservation does not equate to cellular homeostasis. These insights challenge current cryopreservation standards and offer a new perspective on balancing cytoprotection with post-thaw functionality in cells. The results highlight the need for next generation cryoprotective formulations targeting mitochondrial resilience and membrane dynamics.
<b>DDB suppresses the rate of release of creatine kinase from muscle accelerated by dimethylformamide<i> in </i></b><b><i>vitro </i></b>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The rate of release of creatine kinase (CK) from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of hamsters was estimated in vitro.In oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution, the EDL muscle was electrically stimulated to produce continuous twitch response.The rate of CK release gradually increased to the level 6 times higher than the initial value after 3 h of incubation.When dimethylformamide was added to the medium, the rate of CK release was further accelerated.Dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylenedioxy-biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate (DDB), an intermediate product in the process of synthesizing Schizandrin C, suppressed the rate of CK release accelerated by dimethylformamide.The mechanism and significance of the present observation were discussed.
Methods to Robust Ranking of Object Trackers and to Tracker Drift Correction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis explores two topics in video object tracking: (1) performance evaluation of tracking techniques, and (2) tracker drift detection and correction. Tracking performance evaluation consists into comparing a set of trackers' performance measures and ranking these trackers based on those measures. This is often done by computing performance averages over a video sequence and then over the entire test video dataset, consequently resulting in an important loss of statistical information of performance between frames of a video sequence and between the video sequences themselves. This work proposes two methods to evaluate trackers with respect to each other. The first method applies the median absolute deviation (MAD) to effectively analyze the similarities between trackers and iteratively ranks them into groups of similar performances. The second method gains inspiration from the use of robust error norms in anisotropic diffusion for image denoising to perform grouping and ranking of trackers. A total of 20 trackers are scored and ranked across four different benchmarks, and experimental results show that using our scoring evaluation is more robust than using the average over averages. \nIn the second topic, we explore methods to the detection and correction of tracker drift. Drift detection refers to methods that detect if a tracker is about to drift or has drifted away while following a target object. Drift detection triggers a drift correction mechanism which updates the tracker's rectangular output bounding box. Most drift detection and correction algorithms are called while the target model is updating and are, thus, tracker-dependent. This work proposes a tracker-independent drift detection and correction method. For drift detection, we use a combination of saliency and objectness features to evaluate the likelihood an object exists inside a tracker's output. Once drift is detected, we run a region proposal network to reinitialize the bounding box output around the target object. Our implementation applied on two state-of-the-art trackers show that our method improves overall tracker performance measures when tested on three benchmarks.