jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High Energy Particle Measurements during Long Discharge in LHD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spatial resolved energy spectra can be observed during a long discharge of NBI plasma by\ncontinuously scanning the neutral particle analyzer. In these discharges, the plasmas are initiated by the ECH heating, after that NBI#2 (Co-injection) sustains the plasma during 40-60 seconds. The scanned pitch angle is from 44 degrees to 74 degrees. The injected neutral beam (hydrogen) energy of NBI#2 is only 130 keV because the original ion source polarity is negative. The shape of spectra is almost similar from 44 degrees to 53 degrees. However the spectra from 55 degrees are strongly varied. It reflects the injection pitch angle of the beam according to the simulation (53 degrees ot R* = 3.75 m in simulation). The beam keeps the pitch angle at incidence until the beam energy becomes to the energy, which the pitch angle scattering is occurred by the energy loss due to the electron collision. The low flux region can be observed around 10-15 keV, which is 15 times of the electron temperature. The energy region may be equal to the energy at which the pitch angle scattering is occurred. At the energy, the particle is scattered by the collision with the plasma ions and some of particles may run away from the plasma because they have a possibility to enter the loss cone. According to the simulation, the loss cone can be expected at the 10 keV with the small angular dependence. The depth of the loss cone is deep at the small pitch angle. The hollow in the spectrum may be concluded to be the loss cone as the tendency is almost agreed with the experimental result.
Effect of vitamin C on growth,immunity and anti-ammonia-nitrite stress ability in juvenile black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C(VC)on growth,immunity and anti-ammonia-nitrite stress ability in juvenile black carp,Mylopharyngodon piceus(initial average weight 7.27±0.40 g).Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets were formulated to supply at dosages of 0(control),16.3,33.9,69.1,137.8 and 277.5 mg/kg vitamin C diet,respectively.After feeding 8 weeks,according to specific growth rate,three group of 0,69.1 and 277.5 mg/kg of black carp were subjected to an ammonia-nitrite stress(20 mg/L)for 24 h.Results indicated that the effective vitamin C content for maximum growth is about 63.0 mg/kg.The vitamin VC levels in liver,muscle and serum were in positive correlation with VC content in diet,and no significant differences were observed among fish fed the diets with equal to or higher than 137.8 mg/kg of vitamin VC.No significant differences in total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were observed among dietary treatments.But VC could significantly increase the catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px)activity(P0.05).With the VC content increased,CAT increased at first and then decreased.Glutathione(GSH)and Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA)increased when VC concentration in diets were increased,cortisol(COR)were decreased at first and then increased.After ammonia-nitrite stress,each group of the VC concentration in liver,T-SOD,CAT,GSH-px activity and GSH content in serum and gill NKA activity decreased,serum VC level,COR and MDA content increased.The T-SOD,CAT and NKA activity,GSH,MDA and COR content significantly changed before and after ammonia-nitrite stress.Liver vitamin C concentration in fishes fed VC diets significantly decreased after stress,however,there are no significant changes in CAT,NKA activity and GSH,cortisol content compared with control group.T-SOD activity in 69.1 mg/kg vitamin C diet had no significant change before and after stress,but GSH-px activity and MDA content had significantly changed.In 277.5 mg/kg vitamin C group,GSH-px activity and MDA content had no significant change except T-SOD activity and serum VC level.All the results indicated that the effective vitamin C requirement of juvenile black carp for optimal growth might be 63.0 mg/kg diet.Fish have been stressed when put in ammonia-nitrite,and VC concentration in diet could improve immunity and anti-ammonia-nitrtie stress ability of black carp.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/e56413f9-7dc9-4ebc-9085-008cb38b4dc1 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/e56413f9-7dc9-4ebc-9085-008cb38b4dc1. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
The carboxyl-terminal valine residues of proTGF alpha are required for its efficient maturation and intracellular routing.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Soluble forms of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) are derived by proteolytic processing of an integral membrane glycoprotein precursor (pro TGF alpha). Previous studies indicated that phorbol ester-induced cleavage of pro TGF alpha in CHO cells is dependent on the presence of a valine residue located at the carboxyl terminus of the precursor's cytoplasmic domain. We reassessed this requirement with epitope-tagged constructs introduced into transformed rat liver epithelial cells that normally express and process TGF alpha. We found that pro TGF alpha mutants lacking the terminal valine residues showed greatly reduced maturation to the fully glycosylated form. Additionally, they were present at substantially reduced levels on the cell surface and, instead, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. Consistent with these results, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses revealed little or no soluble TGF alpha in medium conditioned by cells expressing the mutant constructs. Finally, a truncated pro TGF alpha mutant lacking most of the cytoplasmic domain but retaining a carboxyl-terminal valine was processed and cleaved in a near-normal manner. These results, some of which were reproduced in CHO cells, indicate that the predominant effect of the carboxyl-terminal valines is to ensure normal maturation and routing of the precursor.
Therapeutic Use of Gentamicin in Horses: Concentrations in Serum, Urine, and Synovial Fluid and Evaluation of Renal Function

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Serum, synovial fluid, and urine concentrations of gentamicin were measured in normal mature horses which had been given a single dose of the drug. Mean peak serum concentration (16.8 μ g/ml) occurred in horses 30 minutes after they were given a single intramuscular dose of 4.4 mg of gentamicin/kg of body weight. In horses given a smaller dose of gentamicin (1.7 mg/kg), mean peak serum concentrations of gentamicin (10.2 μ g/ml) appeared at 1 hour. Synovial fluid concentration was maximum at 2 hours for both doses; in horses given the larger dose, mean peak concentration was 6.4 μ g/ml, and in those given the smaller dose (1.7 mg/kg), 3.4 μ g/ml. Measurable concentrations of gentamicin in serum and synovial fluid persisted 8 hours. During the first 8 hours, percentages of gentamicin excreted in the urine were between 3.9 and 32.8% of the larger dose and between 3.3 and 13.4% of the smaller dose. Serum creatinine concentrations were serially measured in 10 hospitalized horses intramuscularly given 1.7 to 4.4 mg of gentamicin/kg 4 times a day; significant increase in creatinine concentration was not found.
SNP call data for: The current epidemic of the barley pathogen Ramularia collo-cygni derives from a recent population expansion and shows global admixture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ramularia Leaf Spot is becoming an ever increasing problem in main barley growing regions since the 1980s, causing up to 70% yield loss in extreme cases. Yet, the causal agent Ramularia collo-cygni, remains poorly studied. The diversity of the pathogen in the field thus far remains unknown. Furthermore, it is unknown to which extend the pathogen has a sexual reproductive cycle. To date, the teleomorph of R. collo-cygni has not been observed. To study the genetic diversity of R. collo-cygni and to get more insights into its biology, we sequenced the genomes of 19 R. collo-cygni isolates from multiple geographic locations and diverse hosts. Here we share the SNP call data as well as the reference genome. The reference genome files and assembly can be found on ENI: GCA_900074925.1 https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/GCA_900074925.1 The raw sequence data is also available through ENI: ERX2296228 https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/ERX2296228
Clinicopathological spectrum and recent advances in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis, also known as familial amyloid polyneuropathy, is a disease caused by the systemic deposition of variant transthyretin (TTR). Although this disease was primarily indigenous to endemic foci in Portugal, Japan, and Sweden, its prevalence has increased throughout the world. The clinical phenotypes of ATTRv amyloidosis are diverse, including neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and oculoleptomeningeal involvement as the predominant features, depending on the mutation type and age of onset. Val30Met, one of the most common TTR mutations, exhibits varying characteristic features in the early‐onset patients from conventional endemic foci and the late‐onset patients from non‐endemic areas. Autonomic dysfunctions and dissociated sensory loss are the characteristic features of the former, whereas motor dysfunctions and loss of all sensory modalities are conspicuous in the latter. Distortion and atrophy of the Schwann cells due to the formation of amyloid fibrils seem to cause predominant small‐fiber loss in the early‐onset patients, while other mechanisms, such as microangiopathy and the toxicity of TTR oligomers, may contribute to nerve fiber loss in the late‐onset patients. In addition to liver transplantation, novel and less invasive disease‐modifying therapies, such as TTR stabilizers, short interfering RNA, and antisense oligonucleotide, have been shown to be effective in ATTRv amyloidosis patients. Given their ability to ameliorate ATTRv amyloidosis, early diagnosis and treatment are required. Physicians should be aware of the diversity in ATTRv amyloidosis because this disease can be misdiagnosed with other diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and immunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis.
Clinical Features, Treatment, and Visual Outcomes of Japanese Patients with Posterior Scleritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features and visual outcomes of Japanese patients with posterior scleritis.Methods: Clinical records of 10 patients (13 eyes) presenting between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: The mean age was 50.1 ± 20.8 years; 50% were women, and three patients had bilateral disease. Associated anterior scleritis (11 eyes, 85%) and serous retinal detachment (8 eyes, 62%) were common at presentation. Treatment consisted of corticosteroids (all patients) and immunosuppressive agents (seven patients). The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly reduced over follow-up [611 μm at baseline, 298 μm (p < 0.01) at 1 month, and 238 μm (p < 0.01) at 1 year]. Recurrent inflammation was observed in six patients. A best-corrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better was achieved in all 13 eyes at 3 years and 71% of eyes at 5 years.Conclusion: Although 60% of patients with posterior scleritis had recurrence, visual outcomes were favorable.
Neuronal organization of the lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei in the rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The neuronal organization of the lateral (L) and basolateral (BL) amygdaloid nuclei was studied in the rat by using Golgi techniques. All nuclear subdivisions, which were identified in Nissl and acetylcholinesterase preparations, contain spiny class I neurons and spine‐sparse class II neurons. Three of four neurogliaform class III neurons observed were located in the anterior division of BL (BLa). The exact arrangement of class I and class II neurons varies in different portions of L and BL. At the periphery of these nuclei, where L and BL border fiber bundles, major dendrites tend to be oriented parallel to nuclear borders. Many smaller dendritic branches, however, may extend into the adjacent fiber bundles. At most borders between nuclear subdivisions dendritic overlap is minimized by the fact that major dendrites tend to run parallel to subdivisional boundaries. One exception is the junction of BLa with the posterior division of BL (BLp), where unrestricted dendritic overlap of both class I and class II neurons occurs. Within most nuclear subdivisions dendrites of class I and class II neurons ramify freely and exhibit little order. In caudal portions of BLp, however, almost all class I neurons are pyramidal cells with vertically oriented apical dendrites. Dendrites of class II neurons in this region tend to be oriented horizontally, perpendicular to apical dendrites of class I cells. Class II neurons were not evenly distributed in Golgi preparations but were concentrated at the BLa‐BLp border, near the boundary between the dorsolateral and ventromedial subdivisions of L and in the dorsal portion of BLp. The latter cells blend with similar spine‐sparse neurons contained within the external capsule. Analysis of Nissl preparations reveals that small neurons, which correspond to small class II and class III cells, are sometimes observed in a clustered arrangement.
The role of hyperglycemia‐evoked intracellular hyaluronan accumulation and its activity on the autophagic and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mesangial expansion is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (DN) that reduces the area for filtration and leads eventually to sclerosis and renal failure. A phenotypic activation and transient proliferation of the glomerular mesangial cells and a subsequent prominent glomerular infiltration of monocytes and macrophages appear to have a key role in the induction of mesangial matrix expansion, hypercellularity, and the onset of proteinuria. The molecular mechanisms underlying glomerular infiltration and activation by monocytes in DN are still unclear. Our previous studies indicate that aberrant intracellular synthesis of hyaluronan (HA) by hyperglycemic dividing mesangial cells is the central mechanism involved. These studies demonstrated that mesangial cells that divided in hyperglycemia activated synthesis of HA in intracellular compartments and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/autophagy to secrete and form a monocyte adhesive extracellular HA matrix. This recruits inflammatory cells and establishes a chronic inflammatory fibrosis process that leads to sclerosis and renal failure. Our perspectives for the role of intracellular HA synthesis, ER stress, and autophagy in diabetic nephropathy are described.
Factors Related to Cafe Worker’s Lung Capacity in Pontianak

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Exposure to cigarette smoke in public places affects the lung capacity of workers. Cafe workers are a population susceptible to cigarette smoke exposure. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with the lung capacity of cafe workers. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was composed of 74 participants. Data collection was carried out by interviewing and observing respondents. Exposure measurement to inhaled smoke was done using interviews and checking lung capacity using a spirometer. The Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between risk factors and lung capacity. The results showed a significant relationship between age (p-value = 0.006) and the lung capacity of cafe workers. This meant that the older a person was, the greater the risk of decreased lung function. This study concluded that there was a significant relationship between cigarette smoke exposure, age, and the lung capacity of cafe workers. The intervention needs to be done to make a preventive measure by establishing non-smoking area regulations in public spaces and monitoring the workplace environment.
Peer Review #2 of "PATACSDB—the database of polyA translational attenuators in coding sequences (v0.1)"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent addition to the repertoire of gene expression regulatory mechanisms are polyadenylate (polyA) tracks encoding for poly-lysine runs in protein sequences.Such tracks stall translation apparatus and induce frameshifting independently of the effects of charged nascent poly-lysine sequence on the ribosome exit channel.As such they substantially influence the stability of mRNA and amount of protein produced from a given transcript.Single base changes in these regions are enough to exert a measurable response on both protein and mRNA abundance, and makes each of these sequences potentially interesting case studies for effects of synonymous mutation, gene dosage balance and natural frameshifting.Here we present the PATACSDB, a resource that contain comprehensive list of polyA tracks from over 250 eukaryotic genomes.Our data is based on Ensembl genomic database of coding sequences and filtered with algorithm of 12A-1 which selects sequences of polyA tracks with a minimal length of 12 A's allowing for one mismatched base.The PATACSDB database is accesible at: http://sysbio.ibb.waw.pl/patacsdb.Source
Review of Geologic Hydrogen

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This report reviews geologic (white) hydrogen systems, focusing on their generation mechanisms, detection methods, global distribution, and field-scale validation challenges. Unlike industrial hydrogen, geologic hydrogen forms abiotically through processes like serpentinization, radiolysis, mantle degassing, and mineral deformation. Historical seeps have been reported since the 19th century across Europe, Australia, Africa, and the Americas, with Mali’s Bourakebougou field being the only known self-recharging reservoir. Detection techniques such as soil gas surveys, borehole logging, geophysics, and remote sensing are evaluated, alongside complicating factors like microbial oxidation, soil variability, seasonal cycles, and anthropogenic artifacts. A 2024 soil gas survey along the Keweenaw Fault in Michigan serves as a case study. Despite calibration errors affecting absolute concentration, the campaign reveals valuable insights into methodological improvements and geologic favorability. The report underscores the need for systematic exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing this emerging field of clean energy.
[Myocardial protection of temperature].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of myocardial temperature on 120-minute preserved hearts were studied on heterotopically transplanted hearts of rats of isogeneic strain. Rats were divided in the following groups; the control group, the 0 degree C preservation group, the 5 degrees C group, the 10 degrees C group, the 15 degrees C group and the 20 degrees C group. Experiments were divided into the acute stage experiments and chronic stage experiments. The former included electron microscopic studies of the myocardium of heart transplants and serum enzymes of recipients. In the chronic stage experiments, the percentage of fibrosis was compared as an index of success. No hearts of the 20 degrees C group resuscitated, and by the indices of acute stage experiments, the 10 degrees C group and the 15 degrees C group showed considerable impairment; other groups showed less damage of the same degree. The chronic stage experiments indicated that the 0 degree C group was best, followed by the 5 degrees C group in the increasing order of temperature, evaluated by the rate of fibrosis. It may be concluded that hypothermia close to the freezing point has the best protective effects on the myocardium. Cold injury, even if present, may be transient and not harmful when ischemia is about 120 minutes. Comprehensive evaluation of various factors contributing isograft survival should include not only various methods examined in the acute stage but also an over-all evaluation of fibrosis in the chronic stage, since the myocardium of the graft shows a variability of findings in the acute stage.
Spindle Cell Leiomyosarcoma of Gluteal Muscle- A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

44 years old male patient, presented with left gluteal swelling representing a collection, the patient had incision and drainage done followed by excision and biopsy, final histopathology report showed spindle cell leiomyosarcoma. This case report is of spindle cell sarcoma, it is a rare type of sarcomas. This patient had an atypical presentation of the tumour initially presenting as a collection mimicking gluteal abscess, initially requiring incision and drainage.
A Precise Resistance Tracing Technique for a Toggle Mode MRAM Evaluation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A precise evaluation technique was created for developing magnetic random access memory (MRAM), especially memory that operates in a toggle-writing mode. This technique enables us to observe the detailed resistance transition of magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) cells during complicated write operations. It was used to analyze failed cells and revealed that the MTJ characteristics in the third quadrant are significantly related to disturb robustness in megabit MRAM. We found our technique to be a powerful method of failure analysis and essential to accelerating MRAM development.
1380 Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Evacuation Using the SCUBA Technique Results in Excellent Evacuation Rates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most debilitating form of stroke with only 20% of patients reaching independence 6 months after the event. Endoscopic evacuation performed with the Stereotactic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Underwater Blood Aspiration (SCUBA) technique evacuation utilizes a small access profile, excellent intracavitary visibility, and the ability to wash the hemorrhage cavity with irrigation to improve endoport-mediated hemorrhage evacuations. METHODS: Patients with spontanous basal ganglia ICH, age = 18, premorbid mRS = 3, hematoma volume = 15mL, and presenting NIHSS score = 6 who underwent SCUBA were included in this study. RESULTS: 70 patients with basal ganglia ICH underwent evacuation with SCUBA. The average age was 57±13 years. The median preoperative volume was 36mL[23-50]. The median time from ictus to evacuation was 27[13-54] hours and the median SCUBA time was 1.6[1.2-2.3] hours. The median post-operative volume was 1mL [0-6] for a median evacuation percentage of 96% [87-99]. The median postoperative mGS among patients co-presenting with IVH was 7 [2-12] (vs. paired preoperative mGS p<0.0001). The median hospital LOS was 18 days [IQR: 9-27] and the median ICU LOS was 9 days [IQR: 4-17]. Most patients were discharged to acute rehabilitation (51%). Thirty-day mortality for the entire cohort was 7%. The median 6-month mRS was 4 [3-5]. 21 (32%) patients achieved a good 6-month functional outcome. These patients were younger (52 vs. 61, p=0.005), less debilitated on presentation (NIHSS 16 vs. 21, p=0.0004), less likely to co-present with IVH (10% vs 41%, p=0.01), with lower preoperative hematoma volumes (27mL vs. 38mL, p=0.01) and lower postoperative residual hematoma volumes (0.6mL vs. 2.5mL, p=0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The SCUBA technique may provide advantages over endoport-mediated evacuation, particularly in the case of basal ganglia hemorrhages.