jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
18 Multiple classifier endometrial cancer: a multicenter study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Background

The growing adoption of molecular and genomic characterization is changing the current landscape of treatment of endometrial cancer patients. Using the surrogate molecular classification endometrial cancer patients are classified into four subgroups: POLE mutated, MMRd/MSI-H, p53 abnormal, and no specific mutational profile (NSMP). However, there are few patients (called multiple classifiers) harboring two or more mutational patterns. Since the rarity of this occurrence, evidence regarding multiple classifiers is still limited. Here, we described the characteristics and outcomes of multiple classifiers.

Methodology

This is a multi-institutional retrospective study. Apparent early-stage endometrial cancer patients were evaluated via conventional pathological analysis and via immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing.

Results

Charts of 72 multiple classifiers were reviewed. Median (range) follow-up was 9.8 (1.2, 37.5) months. Overall, 31 (43%) patients had a POLE mutation. Patients with POLE plus MMRd/MSI-H, POLE plus p53, and POLE plus MMRd/MSI-H, and p53 were 6 (8.3%), 20 (27.8%), and 5 (6.9%), respectively. Among those 31 patients, six had postoperative adjuvant therapies, and no recurrence occurred (median follow-up: 10.5 months (seven patients had at least 2-year follow-up)). Forty-one (56.9%) patients were diagnosed with tumors harboring both p53 plus MMRd/MSI-H. Adjuvant therapy was administered in 25/41 patients (60.9%). Four (9.8%) recurrences occurred after a median follow-up of 8.9 months (eleven non-recurring patients had at least a 2-year follow-up).

Conclusion

Multiple-classifier endometrial cancers are characterized by a good prognosis. POLE mutation seems to confer protection in multiple classifier endometrial cancer even in the case of the presence of MMRd/MSI-H and/or p53 abnormality. Prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed.

Disclosures

None.
Developing and validating an affordable whole body vibration measurement device

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Long term exposure to whole-body vibration is a known cause of back pain and other adverse health effects. Exposure to vibration also contributes to operator fatigue and discomfort, and may interfere with task performance. Many operators of mobile plant and equipment used in surface and underground mines across the whole industry are exposed to signi@icant whole-body vibration for relatively long periods.The aim of the project is to develop and validate an iOS application to convert an iPod Touch into an affordable whole body vibration measurement tool which will enable surface coal mines to gather the data necessary to effectively manage this health hazard.
A STUDY TO ASSESS BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES OF DENGUE FEVER PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of clinical presentations, haematological and biochemical abnormalities and outcome of dengue fever patients. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi from August, 2018 to July, 2019. Material and Methods: Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were admitted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and blood serology was done to confirm the diagnosis of dengue fever. Cases with positive dengue serology were included in the study. Clinical symptoms, signs, investigations and outcome of these patients were recorded on a proforma. Blood samples were taken for analysis. Chest X-Ray and ultrasound abdomen were done on required basis. Results: Out of forty confirmed cases of dengue fever, there were 25 (62.5%) males and 15 (37.5%) females. Mean age was 40 years. There were 39 cases (97.5%) of dengue fever and one case (2.5%) of dengue shock syndrome. There was no case of dengue haemorrhagic syndrome. Maximum cases were seen in the month of September, 2018. The clinical features noted were: headache and myalgias 62.5%, chills and rigors 57.5%, retro-orbital pain 42.5%, vomiting 35.0%, pruritus 27%, skin rash 20%, abdominal pain 20%, diarrhoea 10%, bleeding 2.5%, ascites and pleural effusion 2.5%, and hepatomegaly 15%. The laboratory findings were: leucopenia 85% and thrombocytopenia 92.5%. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, and creatinine were raised in 30%, 2.5% and 7.5% cases respectively. Mortality was 2.5%. Conclusion: This study showed that patients admitted to Benazir Bhutto hospital had a milder presentation of dengue fever in the year 2018-2019. Keywords: Dengue fever, Leucopenia, Thrombocytopenia.
Applications of Blockchain in the Medical Field: Narrative Review (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

As a distributed technology, blockchain has attracted increasing attention from stakeholders in the medical industry. Although previous studies have analyzed blockchain applications from the perspectives of technology, business, or patient care, few studies have focused on actual use-case scenarios of blockchain in health care. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to some new ideas for the application of blockchain in medical practice.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the current and projected uses of blockchain technology in health care, as well as directions for future research. In addition to the framework structure of blockchain and application scenarios, its integration with other emerging technologies in health care is discussed.

METHODS

We searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, IEEE, and Springer using a combination of terms related to blockchain and health care. Potentially relevant papers were then compared to determine their relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion. Through a literature review, we summarize the key medical scenarios using blockchain technology.

RESULTS

We found a total of 1647 relevant studies, 60 of which were unique studies that were included in this review. These studies report a variety of uses for blockchain and their emphasis differs. According to the different technical characteristics and application scenarios of blockchain, we summarize some medical scenarios closely related to blockchain from the perspective of technical classification. Moreover, potential challenges are mentioned, including the confidentiality of privacy, the efficiency of the system, security issues, and regulatory policy.

CONCLUSIONS

Blockchain technology can improve health care services in a decentralized, tamper-proof, transparent, and secure manner. With the development of this technology and its integration with other emerging technologies, blockchain has the potential to offer long-term benefits. Not only can it be a mechanism to secure electronic health records, but blockchain also provides a powerful tool that can empower users to control their own health data, enabling a foolproof health data history and establishing medical responsibility.
[Description of a new method of ovarian inhibition: the "sequential method". Results of its use in the treatment of dysmenorrheas and inter-menstrual disorders. (Study of 172 subjects treated during 573 cycles)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A sequential oral contraceptive (50 mcg ethinyl estradiol on Days 5-15 and 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol with 2 mg chlormadinone on Days 16-25) was prescribed for 235 women with dysmenorrhea and 338 with intermenstrual disorders for a mean duration of 3.1 and 3.5 cycles respectively. Dysmenorrhea was defined as any complaint such as pelvic pain headache or nausea occurring during menses or 2 days before; an intermenstrual disorder was any other complaint except menorrhagia related to ovulation. There were 90.2% successfully treated cycles among the dysmenorrhea cases compared with 88.9% cycles successfully treated by other methods including pure progestagens combined pills and reversed cycle sequentials. For intermenstrual disorders there were 85% successful treatment cycles with sequentials compared with 77.8% by various other methods. This sequential formulation was preferred because it is more physiological; breakthrough bleeding psychological other side effects and anovulation after stopping is less common; ethinyl estradiol is less hepatotoxic than mestranol; and chlormadinone is not androgenic.
Dosimetric characteristics of fabricated silica fibre for postal radiotherapy dose audits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Present investigation aims to establish the dosimetric characteristics of a novel fabricated flat fibre TLD system for postal radiotherapy dose audits. Various thermoluminescence (TL) properties have been investigated for five sizes of 6 mol% Ge-doped optical fibres. Key dosimetric characteristics including reproducibility, linearity, fading and energy dependence have been established. Irradiations were carried out using a linear accelerator (linac) and a Cobalt-60 machine. For doses from 0.5 Gy up to 10 Gy, Ge-doped flat fibres exhibit linearity between TL yield and dose, reproducible to better than 8% standard deviation (SD) following repeat measurements (n = 3). For photons generated at potentials from 1.25 MeV to 10 MV an energy-dependent response is noted, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 40% over the range of energies investigated. For 6.0 mm length flat fibres 100 μm thick × 350 pm wide, the TL fading loss following 30 days of storage at room temperature was < 8%. The Ge-doped flat fibre system represents a viable basis for use in postal radiotherapy dose audits, corrections being made for the various factors influencing the TL yield.
Diagnosis and treatment of umbilical cord-derived tetanus in neonatal calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In this study, umbilical cord-derived neonatal tetanus in calves was identified in Turkey. Four calves with tetanus-specific history and clinical findings were used. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment, and clinical findings were recorded. A tetanus-specific treatment procedure was performed. However, the calves died from not responding to treatment. Pretreatment white blood cell, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined to be high. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, CK, and LDH activities were found to increase after treatment compared to before treatment. Gram-positive terminal spore-forming bacilli were observed in bacterioscopic examination of the necrotic tissue and swab samples from the umbilical cord region. The umbilical cord region was determined to be infected in all calves. In histopathological examination, pyogranuloma formation was observed in the wound area, and in Gram staining agents morphologically concordant with Clostridium tetani in necrotic material were observed. Blood serum of the calves was inoculated into mice. All mice died within 2 days after the inoculation, showing tetanus-specific clinical findings. As a result, bacterioscopy and histopathology of the umbilical cord region may be useful for diagnosis in addition to clinical findings. Mice trials may be used in confirming the diagnosis.
Occurrence of the Vir Plasmid Among Animal and Human Strains of Invasive Escherichia coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Forty-six isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from systemic diseases in animals and persons were studied to determine which isolates possessed properties attributed to the Vir plasmid. These properties were production (i) of a chick lethal toxin and (ii) of a specific surface antigen. Neither toxic activity nor surface antigen production could be detected in nine E coli strains from septicemia in chickens and 11 from human cerebrospinal fluid. Two of 8 strains from human septicemic disease and 3 of 18 isolates from calf septicemia produced the toxin, but lacked the characteristic surface antigen. Two of the 18 bovine strains had both characteristics. Several methods of screening for Vir + transconjugants were investigated in an attempt to facilitate their recognition after mating a Vir + donor with a suitable recipient. These methods, which included precipitation in agar plates containing antiserum, immunodiffusion tests, and fluorescent antibody tests, were unsuccessful. It was observed, however, that the pattern of growth in tryptic soy broth of the Vir + transconjugants was usually different from that of the Vir − clones. Vir + transconjugants grew as a heavy sediment with a clear supernatant, whereas their Vir − counterparts showed a uniform turbidity. When the Vir plasmid was transferred to an E coli strain which lacked appendages, fimbriae were observed to be associated with the presence of the plasmid. Two types of fimbriae were evident. One type appeared to be sex fimbriae and the other was probably the surface antigen associated with the Vir phenotype.
Lipocalin 2 regulates iron homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and insulin resistance in the brains of patients with dementia: Evidence from the current literature

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dementia accompanied by memory loss is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is gradually increasing. Known risk factors for dementia include genetic background, certain lifestyle and dietary patterns, smoking, iron overload, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, we review recent evidence on the regulatory role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in dementia from various perspectives. LCN2 is a neutrophil gelatinase‐associated protein that influences diverse cellular processes, including the immune system, iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Although its functions within the peripheral system are most widely recognized, recent findings have revealed links between LCN2 and central nervous system diseases, as well as novel roles for LCN2 in neurons and glia. Furthermore, LCN2 may modulate diverse pathological mechanisms involved in dementia. Taken together, LCN2 is a promising therapeutic target with which to address the neuropathology of dementia.
3D Gesture Base Authentication Of Smart Phone

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In today’s world mobile device has been a basic need of life. People use their mobile devices daily basis works. Due to this, their information data along with bank information, payment information, social media information, and password are saved in the mobile phone which creates security threads. Those important data can be stolen easily and can be misused by other people.In this study, we are introducing a new method of authentication for the smartphone which includes the user interaction on their smartphone. In other words, we can say 3D gesture base authentication process where the user will use their hand motion in the air and can do authentication easily. The help of an embedded 3D accelerometer and gyroscope which is in the smartphone along with unsupervised machine learning algorithms called Dynamic Time Warping and Hidden Markov models has been used to make the authentication more secure and user friendly.
A New Nematode, Procamallanus pereirai, with a Key to the Genus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In November 1939, four specimens of Procamallanus were obtained from the intestine of the Jack Smelt, Atherinopsis californiensis, collected at Bolinas Bay, California. The specimens appear to belong to a new species, and the name Procamallanus pereirai is dedicated to Dr. C. Pereira, of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in recognition of his work in this group. Heretofore, no members of the genus Procamallanus have been reported from North America.
Where the wild things are: the power and challenge of adolescent group work.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Because groups are an intrinsic part of the adolescent's life, group therapy can be a powerful and effective treatment modality for them. However, it poses many challenges to group leaders and members alike. This paper, drawing on Maurice Sendak's well-known and beloved picture book Where the Wild Things Are, describes some of the issues involved in setting up groups for adolescents as well as how various developmental tasks of this age group appear in the group process. Clinical examples are utilized to illustrate the challenges and therapeutic efficacy of such groups.
Apakah Beban Kerja Karyawan Benar-Benar Beban Kerja Bagi Karyawan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research aims to reveal whether workload is truly a burden for employees through a literature review. Workload is often considered a negative factor that can affect employee well-being and performance. However, there is also the view that workload can motivate and increase productivity if managed well. To understand this complexity, this research examines various previous studies that discuss the impact of workload on employee well-being and performance. The methodology used is systematic literature observation of relevant journal articles, books and research reports. The study includes an examination of various industry sectors and work cultures, and considers factors such as stress, management support, work environment and work-life balance. The results of the literature review show that high workload is generally associated with increased stress and decreased employee well-being. However, several studies also indicate that a well-managed workload, complemented by management support and a positive work environment, can increase employee motivation and performance. These findings show that workload can be a real burden if not managed well, but can also be a motivational factor under the right conditions.
The Influence of Outlets on Surrounding Stores: Focused on Yeoju Premium Outlets

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

최근 국내 유통산업에서는 백화점과 대형마트 시장의 성장이 정체되어 가는 추세다. 이에 발맞춰 국내 유통업체들은 다소 새 로운 대규모 점포 유형인 프리미엄 아울렛, 복합쇼핑몰 등에 적극적으로 진출하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 유통산업에서 나타난 이 러한 변화에 초점을 맞춰, 여주 신세계 프리미엄 아울렛(이하 아울렛)이 지역 상권에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 경쟁 업종과 보완 업종을 포함해 지역 상권에 미치는 영향을 매출액(카드 데이터) 변화로 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법은 A카드 가맹점과 아울렛과 의 거리를 측정하고, 업종별 × 거리로 구분, 각 가맹점 별 매출액을 도출한다. 도출된 값은 기준연도(t-1)를 100으로 지수화 (Index) 하여 아울렛 출점 이후의 매출액 변화 추이를 파악한다. 이를 위해서 개별 점포를 동종 업종(의류, 화장품), 보완 업종(음 식점, 주유소, 패스트푸드/카페)으로 나누어 비교하고, 지역 상권 전체의 영향을 보기 위해서 기타 업종(농산물 및 농협, 할인점/ 슈퍼마켓, 편의점, 약국)을 추가하여 비교·분석하였다. 분석 결과, 아울렛 출점으로 인해서 동종 업종인 의류와 화장품의 매출액이 증가하였다. 특히 의류 업종의 경우 인근에 있을수 록 매출액 증가폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 아울렛 이용 고객이 주변에 있는 점포를 이용하는 '스필오버 효과'로 볼 수 있다. 또한 보완업종인 음식점, 패스트푸드의 매출액이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 주유소의 경우 아울렛으로 인해서 고객이 모여 매 출액이 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데 시간이 지날수록 매출액이 더 늘어났다. 아울렛의 경우 백화점과 비슷한 광역단위에서 경제적 파급 효과가 나타나는데, 실제로 아울렛 출점 이후 주변의 농산물 판매와 농협마트 매출액이 증가하였으며, 할인점/슈퍼마켓, 편의점의 매출액도 모두 증가하였다. 약국 매출액의 증가는 아울렛으로 인한 집객효과뿐 아니라, 아울렛 직원이 인근에 거주하면서 이용이 늘어난 것으로 주변 거주지 경제까지 활성화되는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 한계점으로는 '아울렛'이라는 대규모점포는 유통산업발전법에 분류되어 있지 않아 학술적으로 정의 내리기 어렵 다는 것이다. 이러한 이유로 이번 연구의 '아울렛' 출점 효과가 다양한 형태를 가진 '아울렛' 전체에서 나타나는 효과로 일반화 하기에는 어렵다. 특히 본 연구의 대상이 된 '아울렛'은 여주 프리미엄 아울렛에 한정되어 있다는 것에 유의해야 한다.
2. New Approach to Acid-base Equilibrium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

酸塩基平衡の基本として教えてきたHederson-Hasselbalchの式は，pH=6.1+log[[HCO3-]/｛0.03×PaCO2｝]であるが，logの計算は臨床現場では不可能である．一方，Hendersonの式は， ［H＋］濃度（nmol/l）＝24×PaCO2 / HCO3－ で求められ，掛け算と割り算で求められる．pH=7.20から7.50までの範囲では，pHの小数点以下の数字と[H+]濃度を足すと80になるという関係がある．すなわち，Hendersonの式で[H+]濃度を計算した値からpHを推定することが可能となる．代償機構が正常に作動しているかを判断するために，代謝性アシドーシス，代謝性アルカローシスでは，実測PCO2=実測HCO3-+15にあてはまった数字であれば，呼吸性代償は正常に行われている．一方，急性呼吸性アシドーシスでは，実測HCO3-=0.1×実測PCO2+21，慢性呼吸性アシドーシスでは，実測HCO3-=0.2×実測PCO2+17，慢性呼吸性アルカローシスでは，実測HCO3-=0.35×実測PCO2+11，慢性呼吸性アルカローシスでは，実測HCO3-=0.5×実測PCO2+5という関係になる．これらに合致していれば，腎臓での代償は正常に行われていることを示している．
Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for a cecal laterally spreading tumor using a motorized spiral enteroscope in a case with difficult intubation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), it is essential to intubate with the endoscope in a straight position and maintain stable maneuverability during the procedure. It is however often difficult to obtain these good conditions, especially in patients with colon elongation, poor fixation, or severe obesity. Recently, a motorized spiral enteroscope (MSE) was launched [1] [2] [3] ([Fig. 1]). MSE enables deep intubation and appropriate fixation by rotation of the fins around the scope to squeeze the intestinal tract. Here, we report a very challenging cecal ESD in which the MSE was extremely useful ([Video 1]).
Recent Progress in the Application of Ion Beam Technology in the Modification and Fabrication of Nanostructured Energy Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of green, renewable energy conversion and storage systems is an urgent task to address the energy crisis and environmental issues in the future. To achieve high performance, stable, and safe operation of energy conversion and storage systems, energy materials need to be modified and fabricated through rationalization. Among various modification and fabrication strategies, ion beam technology has been widely used to introduce various defects/dopants into energy materials and fabricate various nanostructures, where the structure, composition, and property of prefabricated materials can be further accurately tailored to achieve better performance. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the application of ion beam technology in material modification and fabrication, focusing on nanostructured energy materials for energy conversion and storage including photo- (electro-) water splitting, batteries (solar cells, fuel cells, and metal-ion batteries), supercapacitors, thermoelectrics, and hydrogen storage. This review first provides a brief basic overview of ion beam technology and describes the classification and technological advantages of ion beam technology in the modification and fabrication of materials. Then, modification of energy materials by ion beams is reviewed mainly concerning doping and defect introduction. Fabrication of energy materials is also discussed mainly in terms of heterojunctions, nanoparticles, nanocavities, and other nanostructures. In particular, we emphasize the advantages of ion beam technology in improving the performance of energy materials. Finally, we point out our understanding of challenges and future perspectives in applying ion beam technology for the modification and fabrication of energy materials.
The Expulsion Fuse

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The general theory of extinction of a-c. arcs is reviewed. The expulsion fuse is stated to depend upon the gas blast produced by rapid decomposition of fuse tube material under the heat of the arc. Comparison of interrupting capacities of a soapstone fuse tube and a fiber fuse tube supports this view. The effectiveness of the gas blast is stated to be due to the high degree of turbulence it introduces into the confined arc space. The theory of the action of such turbulence is discussed. Data are given as to the composition and volume of gas ejected from a fiber fuse tube. The voltage interrupting capacity vs. ampere characteristics as obtained experimentally, are given for a fiber tube, and a boric acid lined tube. The curves for boric acid lie much higher than for fiber. The characteristics were found to depen dvery materially on the number of half cycles of arcing. Reasons are given for the shape of the characteristics, and their dependence on length of arcing time. Data are given showing the effect of variation in size and shape of the tube section. The design problem is discussed of obtaining sufficiently large voltage interrupting capacity at smaller currents without the development of excessive pressures or unmanageably large volumes of flame at large currents. The use of flame suppressors for deionizing the issuing flame is mentioned.