jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Migrant Employment: A Blessing in Disguise from the ‘Unseen’?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Migrant workers are hired mainly to fill the demand in dirty, dangerous, and demeaning (3D) jobs in Malaysia. However, the transformation of temporary migrants into entrepreneurs while in migration, resulted in migrants’ entrepreneurship registration conundrum because they were only allowed to register for companies with private limited by shares. Currently, business registration as sole proprietors, enterprises, and limited liability partnerships are restricted to Malaysian citizens only. During the pandemic, it was observed that migrants faced heightened difficulties with marginalization and discrimination. Social media comments were captured to observe public perception towards migrants’ entrepreneurship in COVID-19 environment. A netnography analysis was conducted on eight official government agencies' Facebook pages, where 218 Facebook posts related to migrants’ entrepreneurship were observed for data collection to conduct thematic analysis. Common themes captured in the comments related to COVID-19 shaped public opinions on the topic. It was revealed that Malaysian public felt that something good resulted from COVID-19 when more enforcement measures were done during the pandemic to mitigate migrants’ enterprises. Based on thematic analysis of the comments, users criticized the lack of actions from the authorities in the past and that COVID-19 resulted in more enforcement measures due to the perceptions that migrants are responsible in spreading disease. The public has also supported such actions taken by the authority as it is seen as an opportunity to create more openings for locals to be involved in businesses especially for those who lost their jobs due to the pandemic. Keywords: Migrant entrepreneurship, COVID-19, migrant marginalization, netnography, Facebook.
‘The Perilous Territory of Not Belonging’: Exile and Empire in Sir James Mackintosh’s Letters from early nineteenth-century Bombay

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the role of ‘exile’ in constructing the boundaries of belonging to metropolitan Britain in the early nineteenth century. In the context of mass mobility and displacement caused by imperial expansion and revolutionary wars, ‘exile’ took on new meanings that focused on the sadness, suffering and loss. This new discourse of ‘exile’ configured the nation state as the only viable site of belonging, emptying all other spaces of affective meaning. Although ‘exile’ usually refers to a state of forced displacement, many British imperial elites used ‘exile’ to represent their own situations in the colonies. Focusing on the letters and diaries of the British imperial judge and Whig politician, Sir James Mackintosh (1765–1832), written from Bombay between 1804 and 1811, this article argues that his use of ‘exile’ enabled him to effect an emotional and ontological separation between himself and Bombay’s cosmopolitan population. By referring to his residence in Bombay as a period of ‘exile’, Mackintosh emptied Bombay of any positive meaning and configured Britain as the only possible site of belonging and of ‘home.’
Modelling diverse sources of Clostridium difficile in the community:\n importance of animals, infants and asymptomatic carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) affect patients in hospitals and in\nthe community, but the relative importance of transmission in each setting is\nunknown. We developed a mathematical model of C. difficile transmission in a\nhospital and surrounding community that included infants, adults, and\ntransmission from animal reservoirs. We assessed the role of these transmission\nroutes in maintaining disease and evaluated the recommended classification\nsystem for hospital and community-acquired CDIs. The reproduction number in the\nhospital was <1 (range: 0.16-0.46) for all scenarios. Outside the hospital, the\nreproduction number was >1 for nearly all scenarios without transmission from\nanimal reservoirs (range: 1.0-1.34). However, the reproduction number for the\nhuman population was <1 if a minority (>3.5-26.0%) of human exposures\noriginated from animal reservoirs. Symptomatic adults accounted for <10%\ntransmission in the community. Under conservative assumptions, infants\naccounted for 17% of community transmission. An estimated 33-40% of\ncommunity-acquired cases were reported but 28-39% of these reported cases were\nmisclassified as hospital-acquired by recommended definitions. Transmission\ncould be plausibly sustained by asymptomatically colonized adults and infants\nin the community or exposure to animal reservoirs, but not hospital\ntransmission alone. Underreporting of community-onset cases and systematic\nmisclassification underplays the role of community transmission.\n
Towards Reviewing an Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on the integrative world economy- An Evolving perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The coronavirus (CoV) belongs to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) species that lead to infection, causing illness, starting from common cold to some serious sickness. Finally, on 11 March 2020, the WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus announced the outbreak as a pandemic. As the fear and ambiguity rose among companies and firms, the profit rate seemed to be lower due to the Covid-19 global impact, say nearly US$6 trillion in wealth from 24th to 28 February 2020 of the stock market has been wiped out. There was a great decrease in value over the S&P index, which abolished over $5 trillion in the same week. However, the largest ten companies of S&P faced a loss of $1.4 trillion. The investors make an analytical prediction that firms' profits may drop in response to the impact of coronavirus. Our prime focus is on the importance of digital business practices and how different sectors have been affected in terms of economic loss during this pandemic outbreak in this paper.
PERAN TOKOH ELIS DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL ELIS TANDIGO KARYA ERLINA MAMUS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The problems discussed in this study are (1) How is the role of Elis character in the novel Elis Tandigo by Erlina Mamus? (2) How is the internal conflict in the novel Elis Tandigo by Erlina Mamus? (3) How is the external conflict in the novel Elis Tandigo by Erlina Mamus?. The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) the role of Elis character in Elis Tandigo novel by Erlina Mamus (2) internal conflict in Elis Tandigo novel by Erlina Mamus (3) External conflict in Elis Tandigo novel by Erlina Mamus. In conducting this research, the method used is descriptive qualitative method. The main data source in this research comes from the novel Elis Tandigo by Erlina Mamus. Data collection in this research uses literature study technique by reading and understanding the novel. The data analysis technique uses a flowing analysis technique which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the research conducted, it is concluded that this novel tells the story of Elis who plays a very important role because she is often the person in solving problems or solving problems in society.
The Formation and Incorporation of Virtual Entrepreneurial Groups

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article argues that the recognition of anomaly in organizations is socially organized through the formation of virtual entrepreneurial groups. The process of group formation and incorporation within the organization Is described. The new group, e.g. a virtual group, Is a mobile strategic position within an existing organization. Case data is drawn from a two-year observational period in a firm which underwent a major reorganization. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies is used to describe the adjustment of this new group with existing groups before and after reorganization. Differences in inter- and intra-communication and work patterns are discussed.
Regulatory Contestability and Cost Pass-Through

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Regulatory contestability posits that the threat of economic regulation disciplines pricing even in the absence of explicit regulatory mechanisms (e.g., cost-of-service regulation or price cap regulation). Formal modeling and numerical simulations reveal how regulatory contestability interacts with cost-reducing effort to limit the pass-through of costs. This may suggest that under certain conditions regulatory contestability can substitute for explicit regulatory mechanisms and potentially reduce the cost of regulation.
The Process of Jewish Assimilation in Germany

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Few other Jewish communities have attracted more attention and critical evaluation than those of Germany. This is in large part due to the prominent position German Jews achieved among world Jewry from the late eighteenth century onwards, when the Jewish communities in Germany took on a new lease of life. There were several reasons for this. Not the least important was the process of secularization which accelerated after emancipation. It led to the lowering of barriers between Jews and non-Jews and made the former more receptive to ideas from outside. Since at that time many ideas prevalent in German philosophy and cultural life generally were highly congenial to certain elements in Judaism, the ground for intellectual and spiritual re-awakening thus created proved particularly fertile. Very rarely in Jewish history had such intellectual forces been unleashed as in the decades following the emancipation, stimulating Jewish thought and opening up new horizons to Judaism as a whole.1
THE IMPORTANCE OF SERBIA’S TRADE POLICY IN LIBERALIZATION CONDITIONS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Trade policy should be directed towards the creation of conditions for the smooth functioning of the market and for full respect for the rules of the market game. It is a common opinion among economic policy makers that liberalization leads to more efficient allocation and use of resources, because the domestic economy is exposed to the discipline of the world market and the influence of modern technology. It is often emphasized that rapid liberalization of imports can cause balance of payments difficulties and dislocations in the economy, unless combined with effective measures to increase competitiveness and improve exports. It is recommended that the liberalization process be gradual. A radical liberalization process can have a very negative impact on the balance of payments. The biggest problem of Serbian exports is the lack of recognizable products that could be competitive in the world market with price and quality. One of the key directions of foreign trade policy in the coming period is to direct companies to new markets. Today Serbia has great experience in many segments of transition that have been taking place in other countries. Taken examples of the countries that went through the transition and became EU members, significant activities have been undertaken to improve foreign trade policy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the trade policy and the Serbian transition process, and to point out possible measures and activities that would contribute to the faster and sustainable development of the Serbian economy.
PERISTALTIC FLOW OF SOME SELECTED FOOD SUPPLEMENTS IN A MODELED OESPHAGUS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents thermal and hydrodynamic behaviours of some selected food supplements in a modelled oesophagus. These food supplements are orange juice and water melon juice while chyme was used as the base food supplement for comparison. Numerical method was adopted using Solid Works 2014 and Ansys fluent as working tools.
The Uros of Lake Titicaca and their Dependence on Totora (Schoenoplectus californicus ssp. totora; Cyperaceae) by R. Tiner

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Many of us have heard the name “Lake Titicaca” but where is it? Lake Titicaca is the largest freshwater lake in South America and is reportedly the highest navigable lake in the world. It is located at an elevation of 3810 m above sea level along the border of Peru and Bolivia in the northern Andes.
Economic Approaches for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Efficient resource allocation is one of the key concerns of implementing cognitive radio networks. Game theory has been extensively used to study the strategic interactions between primary and secondary users for effective resource allocation. The concept of spec-trum trading has introduced a new direction for the coexistence of primary and secondary users through economic benefits to primary users. The use of price theory and market theory from economics has played a vital role to facilitate economic models for spectrum trading. So, it is important to understand the feasibility of using economic approaches as well as to realize the technical challenges associated with them for implementation of cognitive radio networks. With this motivation, we present an extensive summary of the related work that use economic approaches such as game theory and/or price theory/market theory to model the behavior of primary and secondary users for spectrum sharing and discuss the associated issues. We also propose some open directions for future research on economic aspects of spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks.
Passive bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging and cross-range scaling of maneuvering target based on a noise-resistant parameters estimation algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For passive bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (PB-ISAR) imaging of maneuvering targets, the complex motion of the target causes non-uniform time-varying bistatic angle and non-uniform rotation of the target, which leads to the severe bistatic distortion and defocusing in the generated ISAR image. To obtain a focused, well-scaled PB-ISAR image that can show the accurate shape and size of the target, the essential issues, including bistatic distortion, image defocus, and range and cross-range scaling (RCRS), must be addressed. An innovative PB-ISAR imaging and cross-range scaling method is proposed for obtaining ISAR image of the maneuvering targets under low SNR condition. First, we estimate the multi-dimensional parameters to approximate the non-uniform time-varying bistatic angle and non-uniform rotation of the target. Then, based on the estimated parameters, the bistatic distortion correction, defocus terms elimination, and RCRS can be performed subsequently. Finally, a focused and well-scaled PB-ISAR image of the target can be obtained. The proposed method can work under a low signal-to-noise ratio. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An end-to-end approach for near real time ionosphere monitoring over mid-latitudes from GPS data using kriging interpolation and IGS products

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ionosphere variability and disturbances affect the performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Knowledge of Total Electron Content (TEC) distribution in realtime is important to the study of solar activity. GPS networks are a valuable tool to provide TEC maps at a regional scale. This study presents a complete algorithm for near-real-time ionosphere regional mapping that emphasizes its implementation. The algorithm uses an ordinary kriging along with planar de-trending to spatially predict TEC values. The differential code biases of satellites and receivers are retrieved separately from ionosphere parameters. The theoretical semivariogram function is chosen automatically from five parametric covariance functions, that is, spherical, exponential, Gaussian, Matern family and Matern Stein's parameterization. A software package is developed and applied to 6 stations from Algerian Permanent GPS Network (RGPA) and 25 stations from IGS (International GNSS Service) network scattered over mid-latitudes of Algeria, Morocco and Western Europe. Hourly-data collected during January and February, 2014 are processed and 1°×1° TEC maps are obtained with 1-hour temporal resolution. The results show the efficiency of Matern family functions and, at lower level, Gaussian function, in fitting the TEC experimental semivarigram. To investigate performance of the spatial TEC prediction with kriging model, 10-fold cross-validation is assessed during quiet and disturbed conditions.
Software-Defined Service Networking: Runtime Sharing with Performance Differentiation in Multi-tenant SaaS Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A service-based SaaS application can achieve economies of scale by sharing partner services between tenants at runtime, following the Single-Instance Multi-Tenancy (SIMT) model. However, supporting runtime sharing with tenant-specific functional and performance variations in an SIMT application is challenging. We propose an approach, Software-Defined Service Networking (SDSN), to addressing this challenge. SDSN realizes an SIMT application with a managed service network (SN) and a set of managed virtual service networks (VSNs) that share the SN. The SN connects a set of services according to their capability and interoperability. To achieve the requirements of a particular tenant, a VSN uses a subset of the services under a particular architecture and a control policy. We describe how the SN and its VSNs are designed and enacted to achieve the SIMT objectives. We show the feasibility of the SDSN, demonstrate the utilization benefits it achieves, and quantify the runtime overhead it incurs.
Validation of the Data Consolidation in Layout Database for the LHC Tunnel Cryogenics Controls Upgrade

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The control system of the Large Hadron Collider cryogenics manages over 34’000 instrumentation and actuator channels. The complete information on their characteristics and parameters can be extracted from a set of views on the Layout database, to generate the specifications of the control system; from these, the code to populate PLCs (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) is automatically produced, within the UNICOS framework (Unified Industrial Control System). The Layout database is, since 2003, progressively integrating and centralizing information on the whole CERN Accelerator complex. It models topographical organization (layouts) as functional positions and relationships. After three years of machine operation, many parameters have been manually adjusted in SCADA and PLCs; they now differ from their original values in the Layout database. Furthermore, to accommodate the upgrade of the UNICOS Continuous Process Control package to version 6, some data structures and values have been modified. This paper describes the methodology to update and validate the new data, and the software tools developed for that purpose.
A Novel Qt-Based FMECA Platform: Methodology and Architecture

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

FMECA is widely appreciated in reliability engineering. In this paper, a novel Qt-based FMECA platform, namely, aided software tool is presented. In several ways, it is better than existing platforms, especially, it is suitable for model-based development. The methodology and architecture of the platform are described in detail. This paper is a reference for FMECA analyzer and developer for similar platforms.
ASAXS quantifies counterion distributions around DNA and RNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Because both RNA and DNA carry large negative charge, interaction with oppositely charged partners is required for folding to functional structures. For example, counterions fold RNA and condense DNA. Despite these important roles, ion detection remains elusive. I describe the application of anomalous SAXS methods that highlight the contribution to the scattering signal arising from counterions [1]. In addition to measuring ion distribution, we also count the number of excess ions surrounding a nucleic acid structure [2,3]. Taken together, measurements of ion number and spatial distribution provide an understanding of the relationship between counterions and nucleic acid structure. Present ASAXS work in the Pollack lab is supported by the NIH through grants R01 GM085062 and R01 GM099450.
Managing paediatric emergencies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective

To examine the association between primary and community care use and measures of acute hospital use in people with cancer at the end of life.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

We used Discover, a linked administrative and clinical data set from general practices, community and hospital records in North West London (UK).

Participants

People registered in general practices, with a diagnosis of cancer who died between 2016 and 2019.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

≥3 hospital admissions during the last 90 days, ≥1 admissions in the last 30 days and ≥1 emergency department (ED) visit in the last 2 weeks of life.

Results

Of 3581 people, 490 (13.7%) had ≥3 admissions in last 90 days, 1640 (45.8%) had ≥1 admission in the last 30 days, 1042 (28.6%) had ≥1 ED visits in the last 2 weeks; 1069 (29.9%) had more than one of these indicators. Contacts with community nurses in the last 3 months (≥13 vs <4) were associated with fewer admissions in the last 30 days (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98) and ED visits in the last 2 weeks of life (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92). Contacts with general practitioners in the last 3 months (≥11 vs <4) was associated with higher risk of ≥3 admissions in the last 90 days (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.99) and ED visits in the last 2 weeks of life (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.47).

Conclusions

Expanding community nursing could reduce acute hospital use at the end of life and improve quality of care.
A Demonstration of VRSpinning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this demonstration we introduce VRSpinning, a seated locomotion approach based around stimulating the user's vestibular system using a rotational impulse to induce the perception of linear self-motion. Currently, most approaches for locomotion in VR use either concepts like teleportation for traveling longer distances or present a virtual motion that creates a visual-vestibular conflict, which is assumed to cause simulator sickness. With our platform we evaluated two designs for using the rotation of a motorized swivel chair to alleviate this, wiggle and impulse. Our evaluation showed that impulse, using short rotation bursts matched with the visual acceleration, can significantly reduce simulator sickness and increase the perception of self-motion compared to no physical motion.