jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Language of Pharmacodynamics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Oxford English Dictionary defines language as “the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.” This CCR Focus section describes various ways in which anticancer agent pharmacodynamics (PD) is being studied, with the goal of clinical translation. PD is the study of drug action—and all the factors that modify that. Given a new agent in development, the clinical oncologist wants to know the response rate and toxicity, the translational oncologist wants to know whether the drug engaged its target and for how long, and the pharmacologist wants to generate a complex model, such as the one shown in Fig. 1, describing the interrelationship of various factors to treatment effect or toxicity. The authors in this CCR Focus section address various aspects of these equations. With William Douglas Figg and David R. Newell as Guest Editors, the articles show us the complex network that underlies the action of every drug and offer hope that we can eventually understand the factors that influence drug action well enough to use them in the clinical setting to improve cancer treatment. We learn in this CCR Focus section that modern methodologies are available to explore and possibly understand why some patients have side effects when others do not—the kind of science that could lead to further drug discovery. We learn new strategies for determining whether a drug distributes to the tumor tissue (imaging) and whether we can demonstrate a molecular effect in a circulating tumor cell (allowing repeated study and avoiding biopsy). And, we learn that once we know a drug can affect a target, we still are far from having reliable, validated, and widely usable PD assays to prove it. Oncologists and pharmacologists will have to work together, and speak a common language, to make continued progress. We see this CCR Focus section as a step in that direction. As always, we hope that these articles will inform those who are interested but not expert, and challenge and encourage those who are expert in the field.Susan E. BatesDeputy Editor, CCR FocusNational Cancer InstituteSee all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Progress in Pharmacodynamic Endpoints.”
A model for simulating the dispersal tracks of sand-sized particles in coastal areas – “SandTrack”

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A model is described that simulates the paths taken by a large number of identified particles on the seabed in coastal areas in response to waves and currents. A number of practical applications require such a Lagrangian approach, as distinct from the more traditional Eulerian calculations of the transport rates of bulk quantities of identical particles or grains. Such applications include studies of the dispersal of contaminated particulate material, such as may be associated with industrial discharges, and of the dispersal of dredged spoil.
Bismuth-213 for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: From Atom to Bedside

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In contrast to external high energy photon or proton therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is a systemic cancer treatment allowing targeted irradiation of a primary tumor and all its metastases, resulting in less collateral damage to normal tissues. The α-emitting radionuclide bismuth-213 (213Bi) has interesting properties and can be considered as a magic bullet for TRNT. The benefits and drawbacks of targeted alpha therapy with 213Bi are discussed in this review, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside. First, the radionuclide properties and production of 225Ac and its daughter 213Bi are discussed, followed by the fundamental chemical properties of bismuth. Next, an overview of available acyclic and macrocyclic bifunctional chelators for bismuth and general considerations for designing a 213Bi-radiopharmaceutical are provided. Finally, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies involving 213Bi-radiopharmaceuticals, as well as the future perspectives of this promising cancer treatment option.
An Automated Service Realization Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the key activities in service oriented analysis and design is service modeling. The last and most important step of service modeling is service realization, which should be done after service identification and specification steps. Since the output of realization step is the input of implementation step and organization strategic decisions on services are being made in this step, realization is a very important step. Existing methods for service realization ignore the automation capability. They provide human based prescriptive guidelines which mostly are not applicable at enterprise scale. This paper proposes a novel method called Automated Service Realization Method (ASRM) that automatically realizes service model. This automation focuses on activities needs human intelligence such as component identification and class diagram extraction;
Local Binary Patterning Approach for Movement Related Potentials based Brain Computer Interface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes the design and the implementation of an innovative algorithm for a 2-choices synchronous Brain-Computer Interface (BCI).The proposed BCI operates on signals from eight EEG channels evenly distributed along the sensorimotor area.The acquired EEGs are then analyzed by using a symbolization method. Typically, the symbolization includes data-analysis algorithms that translate physical processes from experimental measurements into a series of discrete symbols (e.g., bit strings). For the BCI application, the chosen symbolization algorithm is the Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Since the selected LBP method uses binary operations for the whole processing chain (end-to-end), the complexity and the computing timing of the features extraction (FE) and real-time classification stages have been strongly reduced. Finally, a time-continuous Support Vector Machine (tcSVM) classifies the LBP-extracted features. The here proposed BCI algorithm has been validated on 3 subjects (aged 26±1), who underwent a stimulation protocol oriented to Movement-Related Potentials (MRPs) elicitation. The in-vivo validation showed how the system is able to reach an intention recognition accuracy of 85.61 ± 1.19 %. In addition, starting from the complete data storage, the whole implemented computing chain asks, on average, for just ~3ms to provide the classification. As a proof of concept, the tcSVM outcomes have been used to drive, via Bluetooth, a 3D printed robotic hand.
Free-field binaural unmasking in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The detection of signals in noise is important for understanding both the mechanisms of hearing and how the auditory system functions under more natural conditions. In humans, the auditory system gains some improvement if the signal and noise are separated in space (binaural masking release). Birds with small heads are at a disadvantage in separating noise and signal sources relative to large mammals, because interaural time differences are much smaller. Two binaural phenomena in budgerigars related to the detection of tones in noise were examined. Budgerigars show 8 dB of free-field binaural masking release when signal and noise are presented to their right side and correlated noise is presented to their left side. Budgerigars also show a spatial masking release of 9 dB when a signal and noise are separated in azimuth by 90 degrees. These results are similar to those found in humans and other mammals with much larger heads.
Guidelines for Wrist Posture Based on Carpal Tunnel Pressure Thresholds

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To develop work guidelines for wrist posture based on carpal tunnel pressure. Background: Wrist posture is considered a risk factor for distal upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, and sustained wrist deviation from neutral at work may be associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the physiologic basis for wrist posture guidelines at work is limited. Methods: The relationship of wrist posture to carpal tunnel pressure was examined in 37 healthy participants. The participants slowly moved their wrists in extension-flexion and radioulnar deviation while wrist posture and carpal tunnel pressure were recorded. The wrist postures associated with pressures of 25 and 30 mmHg were identified for each motion and used to determine the 25th percentile wrist angles (the angles that protect 75% of the study population from reaching a pressure of 25 or 30 mmHg). Results: Using 30 mmHg, the 25th percentile angles were 32.7° (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27.2°—38.1°) for wrist extension, 48.6° (37.7°—59.4°) for flexion, 21.8° (14.7°—29.0°) for radial deviation, and 14.5° (9.6°—19.4°) for ulnar deviation. For 25 mmHg, the 25th percentile angles were 26.6° and 37.7° for extension and flexion, with radial and ulnar deviation being 17.8° and 12.1°, respectively. Conclusion: Further research can incorporate the independent contributions of pinch force and finger posture into this model. Application: The method presented can provide wrist posture guidelines for the design of tools and hand-intensive tasks.
Uterine Responsiveness to Estrogen in 4-Day Cycling and in Estrogen-Primed Ovariectomized Rats as Assessed by Uptake and Incorporation of [3H] Leucine1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The degree of uterine responsiveness to exogenous estrogen was studied in 4-day cycling rats and in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. Uterine tissue collected at different stages was incubated in medium-199 containing [3H]leucine at 37 C under 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide for 2 hr. Tissue uptake and protein incorporation of the radioactivity were measured to assess uterine activity. In cycling rats, the uterus was able to respond to 1.0 µg of 17β-estradiol by increases in both uptake and incorporation of [3H] leucine during estrus, metestrus and in the morning of diestrus but not during proestrus nor in the afternoon of diestrus. In ovariectomized rats, estrogen priming (1.0 µg) seemed to cause an immediate loss in uterine sensitivity to further hormonal stimulation. Subsequently, the estrogen-primed uterus gradually regained its estrogen responsiveness and eventually reached a degree even higher than that of unprimed uterus. The data suggest that the ability of the uterus to respond to exogenous estrogen appears to correlate with the level of available estrogen receptor in the tissue. (Endocrinology95: 1754, 1974)
Experimental Study on a New Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The mixture consisted of benzotriazole (BTA), chitosan (CTS), polyacrylic acid and zinc salt has been investigated as a corrosion and scale inhibitor of A3 carbon steel in cooling water. The scale and corrosion inhibition efficiency was evaluated by static anti-scaling teat together with rotary coupon test. Compared with the phosphorus corrosion and scale inhibitor, the corrosion inhibition rate and scale inhibition rate of it increased respectively by 2.51% and 1.16%. As the corrosion and scale inhibitor is phosphate-free, it won't cause eutrophication, considering the product performance and environmental influence, the phosphate-free corrosion and scale inhibitor is superior to the traditional one.
A note on the eating quality of pork from lean pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Sixteen pork carcasses were purchased from those exhibited in Class 146 at the Royal Smithfield Show 1978 (i.e. pork carcasses of 48 to 61kg dead weight, age <5 months). Eight had thinner backfat than the average for the class (‘very lean’ group with 6 mm fat over m. longissimus at the last rib and estimated lean content in side of 63%), while eight had thicker backfat than the average (‘lean’ group with 12 mm fat over m. longissimus at the last rib and estimated lean content in side of 57%). Both groups were leaner than the national average. The carcasses were returned to the Meat Research Institute for eating quality assessments. Muscle quality was similar in both groups. Toughness (assessed instrumentally), tenderness and flavour (assessed by taste panellists) were also similar. Juiciness was lower in the ‘very lean’ group but was not matched by higher cooking losses and the difference was considered to be relatively unimportant. In conclusion, the eating quality of pork is maintained at very low values of carcass fatness.
Negotiating gender and diversity in an emergent European public sphere

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

PART I: THEORETICAL APPROACHES Intersections of gender and diversity - a European Perspective B.Siim European Public Spheres and intersectionality M.Mokre & B.Siim PART II: COLLECTIVE ACTORS OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE Intersectionality and the Discourses of Women's Social Movement Organisations Across Europe A.A.Lozano , A.A.Veinguer & N.Garcia-Gonzalez Gendered Identity Constructions in Political Discourse: the Cases of Denmark and Hungary L.R.Agustin & R.Sato Gender, Populism and Politics of Belonging: Discourses of Right-wing Populist Parties in Denmark, Norway and Austria S.Meet & B.Siim Multicultural Dialogues: Diversity, Gender and Immigration in the European Public Sphere R.Sato Gender and Diversity in European Media T.Flyger PART III: EU POLICIES AND TRANSNATIONAL MOBILISATION, DISCOURSES AND PRACTICES The EU's gender and Diversity Policies and the European Public Sphere M.Mokre & A.Borchorst Transnational Collective Mobilisation: Challenges for Women's Movements in Europe L.R.Agustin Collaborating on Combatting discrimination? Anti-racist and Gender Equality Organisations in Europe H.P.Nielsen Women, Participation and the European Parliament H.P.Nielsen & L.R.Agustin Concluding Remarks: Monika Mokre and Birte Siim: Intersectionality and the European Public Sphere
A diagnostic approach for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: clinical features, genetics and brain imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) represents a heterogeneous and complex group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by excessive iron accumulation, particularly in the basal ganglia. Common clinical features of NBIA include movement disorders, particularly parkinsonism and dystonia, cognitive dysfunction, pyramidal signs, and retinal abnormalities. The forms of NBIA described to date include pantothenase kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), phospholipase A2 associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), neuroferritinopathy, aceruloplasminemia, beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN), fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN), coenzyme A synthase protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN) and Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome. This review is a diagnostic approach for NBIA cases, from clinical features and brain imaging findings to the genetic etiology.
Genomics-based re-examination of the taxonomy and phylogeny of human and simian Mastadenoviruses : An evolving whole genomes approach, revealing putative zoonosis, anthroponosis, and amphizoonosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

With the advent of high-resolution and cost-effective genomics and bioinformatics tools and methods contributing to a large database of both human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) adenoviruses, a genomics-based re-evaluation of their taxonomy is warranted. Interest in these particular adenoviruses is growing in part due to the applications of both in gene transfer protocols, including gene therapy and vaccines, as well in oncolytic protocols. In particular, the re-evaluation of SAdVs as appropriate vectors in humans is important as zoonosis precludes the assumption that human immune system may be naïve to these vectors. Additionally, as important pathogens, adenoviruses are a model organism system for understanding viral pathogen emergence through zoonosis and anthroponosis, particularly among the primate species, along with recombination, host adaptation, and selection, as evidenced by one long-standing human respiratory pathogen HAdV-4 and a recent re-evaluation of another, HAdV-76. The latter reflects the insights on amphizoonosis, defined as infections in both directions among host species including “other than human”, that are possible with the growing database of nonhuman adenovirus genomes. HAdV-76 is a recombinant that has been isolated from human, chimpanzee, and bonobo hosts. On-going and potential impacts of adenoviruses on public health and translational medicine drive this evaluation of 174 whole genome sequences from HAdVs and SAdVs archived in GenBank. The conclusion is that rather than separate HAdV and SAdV phylogenetic lineages, a single, intertwined tree is observed with all HAdVs and SAdVs forming mixed clades. Therefore, a single designation of “primate adenovirus” (PrAdV) superseding either HAdV and SAdV is proposed, or alternatively, keeping HAdV for human adenovirus but expanding the SAdV nomenclature officially to include host species identification as in ChAdV for chimpanzee adenovirus, GoAdV for gorilla adenovirus, BoAdV for bonobo adenovirus, and ad libitum.
Afferent connections to the fast conduction pathway in the central nervous system of the leech Hirudo medicinalis.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A burst of all-or-none action potentials, identical in size and shape, can be recorded from the ventral cord of H. medicinalis following both photic and mechanical stimulation of the skin. This response propagates both anteriorly and posteriorly from its point of origin at the same conduction velocity of about 1.3 m/sec. The action potential elicited by electrical stimulation of the cord collides by refractoriness with the action potentials elicited in response to photic and mechanical stimulation. The cord response to photic and mechanical stimulation is reversibly suppressed by perfusion with high Mg++ solutions, whereas the afferent discharges recorded from the segmental nerves remain unaffected. Lesion experiments show that the cord responses to mechanical and photic stimuli, travel along the median connective (Faivre's nerve). It is concluded that afferent impulses originating from mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors converge with chemical excitatory synapses onto a fast conducting pathway in the ventral cord. This fast conducting pathway is coextensive with the one which is excited by electrical stimulation of the ventral cord (1, 3).
Effect of Surface Morphology on Passivation Quality of AL2O3/SiNx Stack Layer for PERC Solar Cell

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we analyze the passivation quality of the Al2O3/SiNx stack layer on various surface morphologies for the rear side of PERC solar cells. For this purpose, four types of samples that have different surface morphologies were produced symmetrically. Surface characterization of the samples is conducted by using SEM and AFM. The impact of surface morphology on passivation quality is evaluated by implied open-circuit voltage (iVoc) and minority effective carrier lifetime (Eff) values measured by Sinton WCT – 120 device. Our analysis reveals that the smoother surface improves passivation or (that passivation is enhanced when surface roughness decreases) unless the surface is polished. The highest iVoc and Eff values are obtained for the surface with root mean square roughness (Rq) value of 280 nm as 700.6 mV and 156.47 µs, respectively.
Theatre of Movement and Gesture. By Jacques Lecoq. Edited by David Bradby. London: Routledge, 2006; 163 pp.; illustrations. $120.00 cloth, $35.95 paper

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

June 01 2008 Theatre of Movement and Gesture. By Jacques Lecoq. Edited by David Bradby. London: Routledge, 2006; 163 pp.; illustrations. $120.00 cloth, $35.95 paper Jon Sherman Jon Sherman Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Jon Sherman Online ISSN: 1531-4715 Print ISSN: 1054-2043 © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2008 TDR/The Drama Review (2008) 52 (2 (198)): 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1162/dram.2008.52.2.187 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Jon Sherman; Theatre of Movement and Gesture. By Jacques Lecoq. Edited by David Bradby. London: Routledge, 2006; 163 pp.; illustrations. $120.00 cloth, $35.95 paper. TDR/The Drama Review 2008; 52: 2 (198), 187–189. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/dram.2008.52.2.187 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsTDR/The Drama Review Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2008 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Towards an Atomtronic Diode

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the observation of negative differential conductivity (NDC) in a quantum transport device for neutral atoms employing a multimode tunneling junction.The system is realized with a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a one-dimensional optical lattice with high site occupancy.We induce an initial difference in chemical potential at one site by local atom removal.The ensuing transport dynamics are governed by the interplay between the tunneling coupling, the interaction energy, and intrinsic collisions, which turn the coherent coupling into a hopping process.The resulting current-voltage characteristics exhibit NDC, for which we identify atom number-dependent tunneling as a new microscopic mechanism.Our study opens new ways for the future implementation and control of complex neutral atom quantum circuits.