jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Guinea - Opportunities for Enhanced Domestic Revenue Mobilization : Value-Added Tax and Excise Taxes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Revenue mobilization is a key constraint to economic development in the Republic of Guinea. The government’s five-year development plan (2016-2020) aims at fostering higher and more inclusive growth through public investments that require financing beyond current fiscal capacity. In this context, Guinea is seeking to efficiently raise additional domestic revenues and external investment financing. Development partners are supporting Guinea with technical assistance for revenue mobilization. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union are supporting authorities with direct tax policy, non-tax revenue, and administration issues. The objective of this report is to shed light on indirect taxes, particularly value-added tax (VAT) and excise taxes. The report provides an overview of the main features of tax policy and administration in Guinea, followed by a more detailed analysis of VAT and excise taxes. The focus on indirect taxation is a result of both its significant revenue potential and coordination with other development partners. The analysis presented fills an important gap in the understanding of how Guinea can increase its tax revenues. On VAT, the study finds that addressing policy and administrative constraints can mobilize additional revenues while improving the business climate. On excise taxation, the study finds that existing excise rates are unevenly applied, with scope for raising rates in the future. To systematically address its revenue challenges across all tax types, Guinea should also consider development of a medium-term revenue strategy (MTRS). The report is structured as follows: in the first section, an overview of the evolution and composition of domestic revenues in Guinea is presented. In the second section, VAT is analyzed. The final section reviews excise tax policy and its implementation on international goods and domestic goods.
Modeling of Stock Returns and Trading Volume

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study, we investigate the statistical properties of the returns and the trading volume. We show a typical example of power-law distributions of the return and of the trading volume. Next, we propose an interacting agent model of stock markets inspired from statistical mechanics [24] to explore the empirical findings. We show that as the interaction among the interacting traders strengthens both the returns and the trading volume present power-law behavior.
Risk Factor of Asian Americans’ Mental Health: A Psychological Review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article is an examination of the risk factors of Asian Americans’ Mental Health and whether they are more prone to depression. The term “Asian American” and “Asian or Pacific Islander American” include over 25 groups in the US and make up a major proportion of the immigrants in the 21st century. Researchers and scholars have put in an arduous effort to analyze their mental states as it is essential to the American population. This article is going to discuss perspectives such as cultural differences, social support and discrimination, and family origin and education. Due to cultural differences, some Asian Americans might receive indigenous treatments such as herbal medicines in Chinese Medicine, and their diagnosis could also be different compared to the Western model of major depressive disorder in DSM-V. They also tend to have less social support, more stigma in their family, and face discrimination in educational or work settings. To conclude, due to the hardship of collecting data from the survey and experiments, future scholars or social workers should be more considerate of patients’ ethnic backgrounds and attain more information on the treatments they have received.
( שפות וזהויות : הסיפורת העברית של הפלסטינים בישראל ( 1966־2013

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cette recherche porte sur l’analyse des problématiques des langues et des identités dans le roman composé en hébreu par des membres de la minorité palestinienne d’Israël – (Texte hybride selon Yassir Suleiman, 2013). Elle combine deux volets, l’un diachronique et l’autre analytique. D’une part, elle examine l’histoire du roman palestinien en hébreu, et les différents lieux dans lesquels l’hébreu et l’arabe, le Palestinien et le Juif israélien, minorité et majorité se rencontrent. D’autre part, l’approche comparative des œuvres d’Atallah Mansour (1935), d’Anton Shammas (1950) et de Sayed Kashua (1975) est proposée à partir de leur double appartenance, hébraïque et palestinienne. Elle envisage ces œuvres dans le cadre de la littérature mineure, de l’identité hybride postcoloniale et de l’espace tiers formulé par Mahmoud Darwich. L’enjeu est d’étudier les contours d’une narration palestinienne minoritaire engagée par des écrivains dans un processus de déconstruction, de reconfiguration et de correction de la représentation du personnage Palestinien dans la littérature hébraïque.
Indochineand the Politics of Gender

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although filmic discourses on the Vietnam War have been associated with American filmmakers and producers, the last internationally celebrated film release on the subject was French. Fittingly, Indochine (1992) dealt with the French presence in Vietnam and the Vietnamese people's struggle to free themselves from their colonizers. With the benefit of hindsight, the filmmakers were able to present their film as a critique on the apologetic limitations of US productions, as well as on the hypocrisy of American inattentiveness toward France's predicament, only to be followed by the US attempt to succeed the French as Vietnam's subsequent colonizing power. The film's political agenda, however, is ruptured via its use of female protagonists to represent the two warring nations. Where and how this rupture occurs can be better understood using discourses on gender.
Sonographic evaluation of immobility of normal and endometriotic ovary in detection of deep endometriosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between ovarian immobility and presence of endometriomas and assess the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonographic ( TVS ) ovarian immobility in the detection of deep infiltrating endometriosis ( DIE ). Methods This was a multicenter prospective observational study of women presenting with chronic pelvic pain from January 2009 to March 2015. Women with or without history of endometriosis who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis gave a detailed history and underwent specialized TVS in a tertiary referral unit prior to laparoscopy. During TVS , ovarian mobility and the presence of endometriomas were assessed. The relationship between TVS ovarian mobility, with or without endometriomas, and DIE was correlated with the gold standard, diagnosis of endometriosis at laparoscopy. Results Included in the analysis were 265 women with preoperative TVS and laparoscopic outcomes. Ovarian immobility on TVS was significantly associated with presence of endometriomas at surgery, with a prevalence of 12.2%, 10.8% and 52.7% for fixation of the left ovary only, the right ovary only and bilateral ovaries, respectively, compared with 4.2%, 3.7% and 7.3% for normal ovaries. The sensitivity, specificity, positive ( PPV ) and negative ( NPV ) predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios of TVS ovarian immobility for diagnosis at surgery of immobility of ovaries with endometriomas in the left ovary only were 44.4%, 92.3%, 44.4%, 92.3%, 5.8, 0.6, in the right ovary only were 50.0%, 98.5%, 80.0%, 94.2%, 33.0, 0.5 and bilaterally were 74.4%, 68.6%, 72.5%, 70.6%, 2.4, 0.4, while those for diagnosis of immobility of normal ovaries were 25.0%, 87.9%, 8.3%, 96.4%, 2.1, 0.9 for left ovary only, 14.3%, 92.9%, 7.1%, 96.6%, 2.0, 0.9 for right ovary only and 35.7%, 97.2%, 50.0%, 95.0%, 12.6, 0.7 bilaterally, respectively ( P < 0.05 except for normal left and right ovaries with P = 0.2 and 0.4, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for performance of ovarian immobility in the prediction of DIE for all women were 58.3%, 74.1%, 60.6%, 72.2% and in the prediction of need for bowel surgery were 78.2%, 71.1%, 41.3%, 92.6%, respectively. Conclusions There is a significant association between ovarian immobility and the presence of endometriomas. Ovarian immobility as a sonographic ‘soft marker’ of DIE performs better in the presence of endometriomas compared with in normal ovaries. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
sj-xlsx-1-hpq-10.1177_13591053221115626 – Supplemental material for Vested in support: Applying vested interest theory to increase support for close others with depression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-1-hpq-10.1177_13591053221115626 for Vested in support: Applying vested interest theory to increase support for close others with depression by Alexander Marshburn and Jason T Siegel in Journal of Health Psychology
The meaning of space in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). Reference, specificity and structure in signed discourse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis concerns the use of sign space in Catalan Sign Language (LSC) at the discourse level. I argue that non-descriptive locations are established in the three spatial planes and I describe the grammatical features contained within them. Spatial locations are morphophonologically marked with an abstract point in space which does not have a specific direction and which is categorically interpreted in the linguistic system. In LSC, the frontal plane is grammatically relevant for specificity marking: lower spatial locations correlate with specificity, whereas upper locations correlate with non-specificity. Moreover, the incorporation of discourse structure into the analysis shows that the establishment of lower spatial locations also denotes discourse prominence. Hence, spatial locations are integrated into the grammar of LSC and they are analysed here with respect to the role they play in the denotation of specificity and discourse structure. The analysis is framed under the formalisation of Discourse Representation Theory, on the basis of a small-scale LSC corpus.
P164 Correlation between physician and patient disease assessments in ulcerative colitis: 2-Year UK data from ICONIC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

ICONIC is the largest prospective multi-country observational study assessing burden in adult ulcerative colitis (UC) patients under routine care. This local subanalysis evaluated the level of agreement between UK patients and physicians for measures of disease activity over 2 years.

Methods

Adults with early UC (diagnosed ≤36 months) were included regardless of disease severity/treatment. Patient self-assessments of disease activity/impact included: disease severity, Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM, a measure of perceived disease impact; lower scores=greater burden); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ); patient-modified Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (P-SCCAI). Physician assessments included: clinical parameters; PRISM; SCCAI. Correlations between measures were assessed using Spearman's correlations.

Results

63 patients were included (59% female; mean age 43 years; median time since diagnosis 126 days); 98% patients received treatment post-diagnosis. Physician-assessed baseline (BL) severity was: in remission 16 (25%), mild 18 (29%), moderate 18 (29%), severe 11 (17%). Overall, 48% patients agreed with physician-assessed severity (remission 50%, mild 68%, moderate 28%, severe 46%). Table 1 shows correlation coefficients between measures at BL and 2-years. At 2-years, mean±SD P-SCCAI/physician SCCAI scores were 2.6±2.6 and 1.5±1.5; patient and physician PRISM scores were 5.2±2.6 and 5.2±2.1.

Conclusion

Persistently high UC burden was observed over 2 years, despite treatment. PRISM, used for the first time in UC, was moderately correlated with disease-specific (SIBDQ/SCCAI) and general depression (PHQ-9) measures. Alignment between patients and physicians on disease activity/severity varied but was greatest for SCCAI.
Introduction to the Special Issue “Boundaries between dialogic pedagogy and argumentation theory”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dialogue and argumentation are two processes that complement and mutually influence each other. However, this essential relationship is not sufficiently acknowledged by current educational research. This neglected relation is also mirrored by the lack of sufficient dialogue between two fields that are defined by the dialogical approach to education and argumentation, namely dialogic pedagogy and educational argumentation. In this Special Issue, we argue that dialogue pedagogies and argumentation theory and practice should communicate more, bridging their somehow different perspectives for the common goal of engaging learners in productive and constructive discussions.
New Germinal Mutation of BRCA1 gene (c.829_832delAATA) in a Polish Patient with Breast/Ovarian Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Determination of the BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status in patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer is commonly performed using various molecular techniques. The use only of targeted PCR-based tests may not be sufficient, as not all possible variants are investigated. Quick and effective diagnosis in order to apply the appropriate treatment is extremely important. In the following study, we used next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to identify novel pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 . Methods: In this study, material (blood and FFPE) collected from a 67-year-old patient with ovarian cancer was used. The presence of hereditary mutations characteristic for the Polish population was examined using Sanger sequencing. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene exons were amplified using the Devyser BRCA kit and sequenced on the Miniseq. Results: No germline mutations characteristic for the Polish population were detected. However,12 single nucleotide variants and 2 indels were identified. We found a new deleterious mutation of gene BRCA1 (c.829_832delAATA). To our knowledge, this mutation has not been reported yet in the Polish population and others. Conclusions: The use of the NGS technique increases the possibilities of detecting mutational changes in patients with ovarian and/or breast cancer. The frequency of somatic mutations in ovarian tumors is low (3% - 9%) but their detection may have therapeutic benefits due to the use of poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Quick determination of pathogenic variants is important to facilitate specific therapy in addition to the identification of familial predisposition to cancer.
A bridge between the single-photon and squeezed-vacuum states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The two modes of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quadrature entangled state generated by parametric down-conversion interfere on a beam splitter of variable splitting ratio. Detection of a photon in one of the beam splitter output channels heralds preparation of a signal state in the other, which is characterized using homodyne tomography. By controlling the beam splitting ratio, the signal state can be chosen anywhere between the single-photon and squeezed state.
The Strategies of NOx Emission Reduction for Diesel Engines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Diesel engines are more efficient than forced ignition engines but due to diffused combustion and work with high air residue levels, burning products contain soot and NOx, pollutants that work Handling it on the road today still has many technical problems. The technology of organizing the combustion of diesel engines directly affects the level of pollution generated. Direct injection diesel engines have a lower fuel consumption than a combustion engine with a separation of about 10% and a lower level of soot emissions when the engine is operating in local loading mode. However, direct injection engines work noisier and generate more pollutants (NOx, HC). Today, this type of combustion chamber is only used for heavy-duty truck engines. Limiting the optimal emission level for diesel engines needs to balance the concentration of the two main pollutants, NOx and soot. Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines need different enabling technologies depending on the fuel and strategy used to achieve combustion of the premixed fuel–air mixture. Controlling the combustion rate is one of the major challenges in LTC engines, particularly in PPCI combustion engine to achieve higher thermal efﬁciency, the desired phasing of combustion timings is essential even at moderate combustion rates. Present chapter describes the combustion control variables and control strategies used for LTC engines. Various methods demonstrated to control the LTC engines can be categorized in to two main strategies: (i) altering pressure–temperature and (ii) altering fuel reactivity of the charge.
EEC Prevention of Air Polution from New Municipal Waste Incineration Plants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article EEC Prevention of Air Polution from New Municipal Waste Incineration Plants Get access J. L. SAENZ COSCULLUELA J. L. SAENZ COSCULLUELA The President Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Environmental Law, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1989, Pages 278–284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/1.2.278 Published: 01 November 1989
The Influence of Internet on Organizational Structure and Its Evolution Trend

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

随着信息通信技术及互联网技术在企业经营实践中的广泛应用和高度渗透，互联网与传统实体经济融合形成了一种新的互联网经济生态。这种新的经济生态不仅改变了企业的交易运作流程，而且对企业的组织结构产生着深远的影响。本文在梳理相关文献的基础上，认为互联网环境使得企业组织结构扁平化、组织形式虚拟化和组织边界模糊化，提出组织结构将朝着“以优化用户体验为前提、以激活员工能力为目标、以内部创业为创新机制”的趋势演化。 With the extensive application and high penetration of information and communication technology and Internet technology in the enterprise management practice, the Internet has merged with the traditional real economy to form a new Internet economy. This new economic ecology has not only changed the flow of business transactions, but also has a profound impact on the organizational structure of enterprises. Based on the review of related literature, this paper argues that the Inter-net environment makes the organizational structure flat, the organizational form virtualization and the organizational boundaries fuzzy. It is proposed that the organizational structure will be evolved towards such a trend: To optimize the user experience as a precondition; To activate the ability of employees as the goal; To internal entrepreneurship as an innovative mechanism.
Abrasive wear of enamel by bioactive glass-based toothpastes.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Enamel loss increased with increasing particle size. The percussion milled powder exhibited particles that had sharp edges and the pastes were significantly more abrasive than the pastes made with round ball milled powders. One interesting observation made during the present study was that there was preferential wear of the enamel at the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ), particularly with the coarse particle sized pastes.
The Tragic Career of Marius Moutet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Marius Moutet is well known in the historiography of twentieth-century French colonialism for his tenure as the Popular Front Government’s colonial minister in 1936–8. His second term at that ministry on the rue Oudinot in Paris in 1946–7, however, is usually mentioned in studies of France’s post-Second World War colonial crises only as a footnote. This essay focuses on his influence over French decolonization by examining his second ministry when Moutet was colonial minister in the governments of Felix Gouin (26 January–24 June 1946), Georges Bidault (24 June–16 December 1946), Leon Blum (16 December 1946–22 January 1947), and Paul Ramadier (22 January–22 October 1947), that is, during the formative stages of France’s post-war regime, the Fourth Republic. First, it analyzes Moutet’s influence on the formation and application of Title VIII of the post-war French constitution that defined the colonies’ status and institutions. Second, it examines his part in French intra-governmental struggles in 1946–7 over how to deal with the Vietnamese national movement dominated by the Viet Minh. These two issues reveal Moutet’s fundamental thinking and tactics in colonial policy, their limitations and his problems in applying them within divided governments.
Additional file 4 of Whole-transcriptome profiling across different developmental stages of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) provides insights into chitin-related non-coding RNA and competing endogenous RNA networks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 4: Table S12. Information of ceRNA networks of three co-expressed biological processes in different developmental stages. Table S13. Top 20 nodes with the highest connectivity degree in three co-expressed biological processes in different developmental stages. Table S14. Primers used for qRT-PCR in this study.
Plant Invasion and N2O Emission in Forest Ecosystems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen (N) is a key factor for any ecosystem and has been found limited for biomass production. More N in forest ecosystem and their efficient utilization will contribute to the maximization in their growth, competition, and reproduction. Invasive plants capture and utilize more N than native plants and accelerate N cycles through altering the structure and community of soil microbes and the litter decomposition rates, under microclimate conditions, resulting in an increase of N availability. All these factors are promoting the invasiveness of plants and cause further ecological and economic damage and decline in native biodiversity. Plant invasions affect soil microbial community, soil physiochemical properties, and litter decomposition rates, promoting N cycle and releasing more nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere, further facilitating global warming, causing changes in the geographic ranges of some invasive species. Also, a better understanding of the mechanism, affecting factors, impacts, and control of the invasive species will lead to proper forest management. Proper and effective management will ensure the control of invasive species which includes invasive plant inventory, early deduction and rapid response, management plan and implication, and government support.