jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PTH-154 The Outpatient Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A 10 Year Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Like many hospitals through out the UK the National IBD Standards (endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology) and the IBD (Global Rating Score) Quality Improvement Programme (endorsed by The Royal College of Physicians) have help highlighted areas of our inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) service that clearly need improving. In order to attract funding from our local primary care trust (PCT) to support the necessary service improvements, we set about establishing the total cost and demand made on our local hospital in managing these patients. We set about assessing 4 key areas; the endoscopy service, the radiology service, the hospital admissions and the outpatient service. Objective of this study: To assess the demand on the outpatient services made by IBD patients. Methods The Luton & Dunstable University Hospital has a database of 2680 local IBD patients. This is made up of 1425 patients with UC, 941 with Crohn’s, 118 with proctitis, 113 with IBD unspecified, 53 with radiation proctitis, 13 with diversion colitis, 10 with ileo-anal pouchitis and 7 with microscopic colitis. Using the database the hospital coding system was used to analyse the total number of outpatient appointments (OPAs) made between 2001 and 2011 for these patients, and to which specialties they were referred. Total costs were calculated using a range of prices for the different specialties, depending on whether they were new (£210-£265) or follow up clinic visits (£83-£136). Results Over the course of 10 years the 2680 IBD patients made 20,837 gastroenterology OPAs (2,053 new and 18,784 follow ups) (ie.2,084 per year), costing the local primary care trust (PCT) a total of £2,103,117. There were also 3474 OPAs made with the gastrointestinal (GI) surgeons (1,409 new and 2,065 follow ups) (ie. 347 per year), costing the local PCT a total of £603,524. In addition a further 42,276 (63%) OPAs were made with non-GI teams, costing the PCT an further £4,227,600. Conclusion Over 10 years the 2680 patients made 66,007 outpatient clinic visits (24.6 per person, 2.46 per person per year) costings a total of £6,934,241. Of these, 24,311 (37%) were with the GI medics and surgeons, costing the PCT a total of £2,706,641. Many of the non-GI specialty appointments were made for IBD associated conditions eg. 1510 dermatology OPAs. The 3281 ophthalmology OPAs were predominantly for cataracts, which raised concerns about potential iatrogenic causes. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Anharmonicity in light scattering by optical phonons in GaAs1-xBix

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a Raman spectroscopic study of GaAs1−xBix epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We have investigated the anharmonic effect on the GaAs-like longitudinal optical phonon mode (LOGaAs′) of GaAs1−xBix for different Bi concentrations at various temperatures. The results are analyzed in terms of the anharmonic damping effect induced by thermal and compositional disorder. We have observed that the anharmonicity increases with Bi concentration in GaAs1−xBix as evident from the increase in the anharmonicity constants. In addition, the anharmonic lifetime of the optical phonon decreases with increasing Bi concentration in GaAs1−xBix.
Foreign Trade Cooperation Between the Novosibirsk Region and China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The imposition of sanctions and the retaliatory measures taken by the Russian Federation affect its foreign economic relations. Difficulties with the development of relations with foreign trade partners naturally arose at the regional level. The Novosibirsk region also had to adapt to the new conditions of foreign economic activity. The region has traditionally had a significant foreign economic potential, and it is notable that the non-CIS countries account for the larger share of exports and imports. The Asian vector of foreign trade development is mainly represented by cooperation with China.
Supplementary material from "Cell death and survival due to cytotoxic exposure modelled as a two-state Ising system"

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Cancer chemotherapy agents are assessed for their therapeutic utility primarily by their ability to cause apoptosis of cancer cells and their potency is given by an IC50 value. Chemotherapy uses both target-specific and systemic-action drugs and drug combinations to treat cancer. It is important to judiciously choose a drug type, its dosage and schedule for optimized drug selection and administration. Consequently, the precise mathematical formulation of cancer cells response to chemotherapy may assist in the selection process. In this paper, we propose a mathematical description of the cancer cell response to chemotherapeutic agent exposure based on a time-tested physical model of two-state multiple-component systems near criticality. We describe the Ising model methodology and apply it to a diverse panel of cytotoxic drugs administered against numerous cancer cell lines in a dose–response manner. The analysed dataset was generated by the Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V.(Oncolines). This approach allows for an accurate and consistent analysis of cytotoxic agents' effects on cancer cell lines and reveals the presence or absence of the bystander effect through the interaction constant. By calculating the susceptibility function, we see the value of IC50 coinciding with the peak of this measure of the system's sensitivity to external perturbations.
II. Additional Observations on the Runic Obelisk at Ruthwell; the Poem of the Dream of the Holy Rood; and a Runic Copper Dish found at Chertsey. By John M. Kemble, Esq. in a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S. Secretary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It gives me very sincere pleasure to be able to offer you undeniable confirmation of the justice of my views respecting the Runic Obelisk at Ruthwell. I would not, indeed, have you suppose that I ever entertained the slightest doubt of having seized the general sense of the inscription; but, taking into consideration the fragmentary state of the legend itself, as well as the abrasion of many characters, which justified, indeed rendered necessary, a somewhat bold method of proceeding, I could not venture to hope that I had entirely escaped errors, which are in some degree inseparable from conjectural criticism. From the peculiar form of the Runic characters, which consist principally of straight lines and angles, they are especially liable to confusion when the slightest portion is abraded by age: and this is the case with the Ruthwell inscription in a very great degree. The task of restoring readings so injured by lapse of time, though not a hopeless, might fairly be considered a difficult one; and in this conviction, I was prepared to admit the probability that better versions than my own might at some time be substantiated. Circumstances have, however, now placed within my reach a complete, though modern, copy of the whole inscription, parts of which it cost me so much serious labour to decypher: and it is highly satisfactory to discover that in almost all the details of interpretation, I was proceeding upon sound and safe grounds. This naturally affords a gratification of a far higher character than the mere selfish pleasure derived from any personal feeling: and it is in the hope that some of your readers may be induced to bestow attention upon a system whose results are so strongly confirmed by further experience, that I again bring the subject before your notice.
Conformational Studies of Semotiadil (SD-3211), a Novel Ca2+ Antagonist.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The stereochemistry of a novel Ca2+ antagonist, semotiadil, 1, was investigated using X-ray crystallography and CD. The X-ray structure was analyzed using its diastereomeric salt with (S)-(+)-mandelic acid (2); 1 (mandelate). The R absolute configuration of 1, which was previously determined by chemical transformation of the optically-active synthetic precursor, was directly confirmed by this analysis. The hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and the hydrophobic interactions, which stabilize the crystal structure, were observed in the crystal. CD spectra of 1 (mandelate) and the hydrogen fumarate of 1 (SD-3211; 1 (fumarate)) in ethanolic solution exhibited similar spectral patterns. The CD bands from each chromophore were unambiguously assigned and the conformation of the benzothiazine ring was determined using the helicity rule. The X-ray and CD data confirmed the P-conformation of the benzothiazine ring and the existence of the 2-phenyl ring in an equatorial position in both of the crystal and ethanolic solution states. These findings were in good agreement with our previous results regarding the conformational analysis of 2-arylbenzothiazine derivatives.
Digital Escape Rooms: A Resource for Environmental Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today’s adolescents represent an elective target in addressing environmental challenges. Education is a key factor in achieving a sustainable future for them. However, formal education can represent a challenge when youths are its target, as they are considered the “interactive generation”. Game-based learning, and, in particular, Digital Educational Escape Rooms (DERs), have emerged as innovative methods in education, with promising applications in environmental sustainability studies. In this study, we developed 14 Digital Escape Rooms using the Social Cognitive Theory of Bandura as a theoretical framework. These were focused on environmental education and we tested them on a sample of 411 students (aged 12–18 years; 158 female, 38.4%). A one-group quasi-experimental research design was adopted, carrying out a pre-test post-test analysis. Each participant completed assessments at two time points: before engaging in the escape rooms (T0) and after (T1). The assessment tools included the Goal Assessment Scale (GAS) and the Perceived Climate Self-Efficacy Scale. Our findings revealed no significant gender differences in goal achievement. However, at T0, females exhibited higher levels of perceived climate self-efficacy in both individual and collective dimensions. Instead, the Digital Escape Rooms appeared particularly effective in increasing self-efficacy among male participants. These results suggest that Digital Escape Rooms hold potential for enhancing environmental self-efficacy, although gender differences in baseline efficacy levels warrant further exploration.
Bone-Conduction Thresholds in Stapes Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The measurement of pure-tone bone-conduction thresholds figures prominently at present in the selection of cases for stapes surgery for otosclerotic deafness and in the prediction of postoperative results. 1 In the period preceding the development of modern stapes surgery, the importance of the mechanical shift in bone-conduction thresholds following successful fenestration surgery of the horizontal canal was accepted generally along the lines suggested by Carhart, Shambaugh, and McConnell. 2,3 The average improvement in these thresholds as postulated by Carhart was as follows: no shift at 250 cps, 5 db. at 500 cps, 10 db. at 1,000 cps, 15 db. at 2,000 cps, and 5 db. at 4,000 cps. A carefully controlled study by McConnell and Carhart yielded somewhat different values of shifts following successful fenestration nov-ovalis, namely: 1.2 db. at 250 cps, 1.4 db. at 500 cps, 6.5 db. at 1,000 cps, 7.4 db. at 1,500 cps, 8.5 db. at
Ethical Champion towards Business Sustainability: Malaysian Evidence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Creating a sustainable business is not merely environmental protection; an organization needs to ensure a balance between the organization’s economic, environmental and social goals. The competitive environment puts a pressure to organizational leaders to meet customer need and stakeholder interest. Since finance accountants are closely involved in planning and coordinating the organizational decision-making process, managers of an organization are commonly the ‘customers’ of the finance accountants. One of the challenges facing the accounting profession involves developing ethical leadership. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine role of the organizations’ leaders including finance accountants in embedding ethical conduct into the organizational strategic management and the contributions of finance accountants towards sustainable success of the organizations. Case study method was employed in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with key personnel from top management in two Malaysian property developers, who are very expert in the finance related matters. This study proved that the organizational leaders including the finance accountants of both organizations play a major role in the integration of ethics in the strategies for sustainability. They are the Ethical Champion, who needs to understand the model for delivering their projects and the risks attached to them.
Images of Huineng on Book Covers and in Verbal Texts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Two translations of the Platform Sutra: similarity and difference 6.3 SFL and visual social semiotics: with an interpersonal focus 6.3.1 Interpersonal meaning in SFL 6.3.2 Interactive meaning in visual social semiotics 6.4 Images of Huineng on the book covers and in the translated texts 6.4.1 Images of Huineng on the book covers 6.4.2 Images of Huineng in the translated texts 6.4.3 Summary: picture-text congruence and reader attraction 6.5 Conclusion
Optimization of Preload in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In sepsis both under- and overresuscitation are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, sepsis can be complicated by myocardial dysfunction, and only half of the critically ill patients exhibit preload responsiveness. It is of paramount importance to accurately, safely, and rapidly determine and optimize preload during resuscitation. Traditional methods of determining preload based on measurement of pressure in a heart chamber or volume of a heart chamber (“static” parameters) are inaccurate and should be abandoned in favor of determining preload responsiveness by using one of the “dynamic parameters” based on respiratory variation in the venous or arterial circulation or based on change in stroke volume in response to an endogenous or exogenous volume challenge. The recent development and validation of a number of noninvasive technologies now allow us to optimize preload in an accurate, safe, rapid and, cost-effective manner.
Peter D. Anderson. Robert Stewart: Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland, 1533–1593. Edinburgh: John Donald; distributed by Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, N.J. 1982. Pp. viii, 245. $31.50

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Peter D. Anderson. Robert Stewart: Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland, 1533–1593. Edinburgh: John Donald; distributed by Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, N.J. 1982. Pp. viii, 245. $31.50 Get access Anderson Peter D.. Robert Stewart: Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland, 1533–1593. Edinburgh: John Donald; distributed by Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, N.J. 1982. Pp. viii, 245. $31.50. J. Wilson Ferguson J. Wilson Ferguson Russell Sage College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 88, Issue 4, October 1983, Pages 989–990, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/88.4.989 Published: 01 October 1983
Developmental co-ordination disorder in pre-school children : Effects of motor skill intervention, parents' descriptions, and short-term follow-up of motor status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This investigation was undertaken to examine effects of motor skill intervention in children with motor difficulties consistent with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) diagnosed in child health care before school entrance, to analyse the parents' descriptions of their children, and to follow up the children's motor status in a short-term perspective. Thirteen studies on the effects of motor skill intervention were submitted to a meta-analysis (Study I). Thirty-seven children who at age 5 to 6 years were diagnosed as having motor difficulties consistent with DCD were enrolled in an experimental investigation of effects of group motor skill intervention on motor skills (Study II) and on self-perceived competence (Study III). The parents' descriptions of their children were obtained at an interview (Study IV). The children's motor status was re-examined when they were 7 to 8 years old (Study V). Motor skill intervention, using the Specific Skills approach, in a group setting or in a home programme, 3 to 5 times per week, was found beneficial for children with DCD who were older than 5 years of age. The non-specific group motor skill intervention influenced the number of children with borderline motor difficulties who changed to having no motor difficulties, and seemed to enhance awareness of motor competence. Parents whose children had definite motor difficulties were more inclined to support their children in physical activity, and reported worry and uncertainty. The children had not changed their motor status at the age of 7 to 8 years. The children with definite motor difficulties, in particular, continued to have these difficulties. Children who when 5 to 6 years old have motor difficulties and who score at the 5th percentile or below at the Movement ABC motor test, seem to need active support in joyful motor learning situations to reduce unwillingness and displeasure.
デュラルミンの時効硬化と其機構に就て

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

With a view to clarify the mechanism of age-hardening of duralumin, the following physical properties of alloys containing copper or magnesium silicide have been examined under varions conditions of heat-treatments: Density, electrical resistance and hardness. Dilatation and thermal change, during a slow heating of quenched specimens were also observed. Some experiments were made on quenched duralumin. The observed facts in these experiments do not agree with the conclusions obtained from the precipitation theory by Merica and others. A solid solution theory which is a modified form of Dr. S. Konno's is proposed, by which all observed facts regarding the age-hardening of aluminium-copper and aluminium-magnesium siliside alloys were satisfactorily elucidated, and also the age-hardening in the case of quenched duralumin has been explained as a combined effect of CuAl_2 and Mg_2Si dissolved in solid aluminium.
A DSP-controlled four-quadrant AC-DC matrix converter with high-frequency isolation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A four-quadrant AC-DC converter with high frequency isolation and all-digital control, based on the matrix converter topology, is analyzed in this paper. The selected topology consists of a bidirectional three-phase cycloconverter with power factor correction and a bidirectional active rectifier. The inclusion of the isolation transformer at the switching frequency permits to reduce volume and weight. Experimental and simulated results of a 1.5 kW, 20 kHz prototype proof the performance of the proposed topology.
Invited Commentary: Religious Service Attendance and Implications for Clinical Care, Community Participation, and Public Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In this commentary, we review the evidence concerning associations between religious service attendance and subsequent health and wellbeing outcomes. The evidence base for a link between religious service attendance and health has increased substantially over the past 2 decades. The interpretation and implications of this research require careful consideration (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(1):20–30). It would be inappropriate to universally promote service attendance solely on the grounds of the associations with health. Nevertheless, a more nuanced approach, within both clinical care and public health, may be possible—one that encouraged participation in religious community for those who already positively self-identified with a religious or spiritual tradition and encouraged other forms of community participation for those who did not. Discussion is given to potential future research directions and the challenges and opportunities for promotion efforts by the public health community.
When Do Matched-Model and Hedonic Techniques Yield Similar Measures?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Hedonic techniques were developed to control for quality differences across goods and over time in order to construct constant-quality aggregate price measures. When the available data are a panel of high-frequency data on models whose characteristics are constant over time, matched-model price indexes can also be used to obtain constant quality price measures. We show this by demonstrating that, given data of this type, certain matched-model indexes yield price measures that are numerically close to those obtained using hedonic techniques. ; * This paper is a condensed version of a paper that was presented at the CRIW workshop on Price Measurement at the NBER Summer Institute, July 31-August 1, 2000 and is available at http://www.nber.org.
Combining physical shell mapping and reverse-compensation optimisation for spiral machining of free-form surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Machining of free-form surfaces has an important role in industrial manufacturing, but conventional tool-path generation strategies for free-form surfaces machining have the drawbacks of serious flattening distortion and poor tool-path continuity. Therefore, a novel method is developed to generate a spiral tool path for the machining of free-form surfaces by improving surface-flattening distortion and tool-path continuity. First, physical shell mapping is presented to flatten a free-form surface into a plane, which takes stretching energy, bending energy, and global energy into account. Then, the spatial spiral polyline is rounded to generate a spiral path by proposing reverse-compensation optimisation. Therefore, the free-form surfaces can be quickly flattened with less distortion, remaining free of overlap, and can in addition be machined at high speed along a C2 continuous spiral tool path. Further, the flattening error, tool-path length, mean curvature, mean scallop-height error of the spiral path, machining time and surface roughness are obviously reduced. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented strategy.
Demodex Mites Contain Immunoreactive Lipase

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

To the Editor.— Demodex mites are parasites normally present in human skin. In up to 10% of skin biopsy samples, these organisms can be seen as an incidental finding colonizing the pilosebaceous complex.1 It is well known that the greatest concentration of Demodex is found in areas where sebaceous glands are numerous and sebum production is pronounced.2 Aylesworth and Vance1 demonstrated that the face is by far the most heavily infested area, especially the temple and the nasal region. To a lesser degree, Demodex have been found around nipples, neck, chest, back, and genital regions.3 An isolated report has shown the presence of Demodex in ectopic sebaceous glands of the oral mucosa.4 This observation suggests that Demodex has an affinity for the sebaceous glands, and that hair follicles need not be present for the mites' survival.
Variational approach to the Schr\"odinger equation with a delta-function potential

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We obtain accurate eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with a Hamiltonian of the form $H_{g}=H+g\delta (x)$, where $\delta (x)$ is the Dirac delta function. We show that the well known Rayleigh-Ritz variational method is a suitable approach provided that the basis set takes into account the effect of the Dirac delta on the wavefunction.