jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Steinernema carpocapsae: Poststorage Infectivity and Sex Ratio of Invading Infective Juveniles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nictation, infectivity, and sex ratio of Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) were tested after storage for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks at 8°C after emergence from cadavers of Galleria mellonella. The rate of IJs nictating in the presence of host feces rose with increasing storage time; 13.2, 17.7, 33.1, 38.8, and 58.2% for each respective interval, whereas 3.2, 8.4, 14.8, 10.5, and 13.2% nictated in the absence of host feces for each respective interval. The infectivity also increased with storage time; 32.6, 45.1, 33.2, 44.3, and 58.3% for nictating IJs collected from bark compost and 11.4, 29.1, 21.0, 23.1, and 51.6% for non-nictating IJs= (IJs kept in water for 24 hr at 25°C after various storage time), for each respective storage interval. The sex ratio (% male) of penetrating IJs were 55.4 and 37.2% for nictaiting IJs and non-nictating IJs throughout storage. When host insects were placed on top of the bark compost column (5cm deep) with nictating IJs inoculated on the bottom, the sex ratio for infective nematodes was ca. 70% on average despite reduced penetration efficiency. We suggest that this nematode increases the probability of survival by delaying the infection period and that male IJs are more active than females in the infective process under stressful conditions. Jpn. J. Nematol. 24 (2) 60-68 (1994).
PupilNet v2.0: Convolutional Neural Networks for CPU based real time Robust Pupil Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-time, accurate, and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite for pervasive video-based eye-tracking. However, automated pupil detection in realworld scenarios has proven to be an intricate challenge due to fast illumination changes, pupil occlusion, non-centered and off-axis eye recording, as well as physiological eye characteristics. In this paper, we approach this challenge through: I) a convolutional neural network (CNN) running in real time on a single core, II) a novel computational intensive two stage CNN for accuracy improvement, and III) a fast propability distribution based refinement method as a practical alternative to II. We evaluate the proposed approaches against the state-of-the-art pupil detection algorithms, improving the detection rate up to ~9% percent points on average over all data sets (~7% on one CPU core 7ms). This evaluation was performed on over 135,000 images: 94,000 images from the literature, and 41,000 new hand-labeled and challenging images contributed by this work (v1.0).
Strip-till-drill in Punjab - a study.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A tractor operated 9-row strip till drill was developed in the Department of Farm Power & Machinery, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to use minimum tillage technique for wheat sowing in Punjab. It was successfully demonstrated on large scale. As a result Punjab Govt. gave 50% subsidy on sale of this machine. During the year 1998 seventeen machines were purchased by the farmers. In the following years this number rose to about 99 in Punjab. Manufacturers further improved the machine as per demand and feedback from the farmers. They have strengthened the power transmission system and also attempted to make 11-row machine. Gearboxes have also been developed for 1000 rpm PTO. A survey was conducted to assess the status of the machine in Punjab, its impact on energy and time saving. Farmers are saving 30 to 60% of fuel and time. Machine is also being operated on custom hiring basis at the rate of Rs. 1000 to 1875 per ha. It has been seen that there is no change in yield of wheat sown with this machine vis-a-vis traditional method of sowing. Farmers have also expressed that the machine also helps to control phalaris minor, the most troublesome weed of wheat in Punjab. Problems faced by the farmers and modifications undertaken by the manufacturers are discussed.
Effects of Controlled Freezing Point Technology Combined with Modified Atmosphere Package on Preservation for Grape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The storage effects for Kyoho grape were studied in the three different preservation films package during controlled freezing point.The results showed that during the whole storage of 30 days change of gas concentration in the film of berry was the largest and change of gas concentration in the film of peach was larger than that in the film of polyethylene(PE).The contents of the total soluble solids,titratable acidity and reductive sugar were maintained effectively.Besides,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) of the berry was accumulated slowly and the decending trend of the chlorophyll content of stem was effectively alleviated.At the end of the storage,the grape in the film of berry was best and the grape in the film of peach was better than that in the film of polyethylene(PE).
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. IP 20300

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Common name(s): Pearl millet
Other names: IP 20300
Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: IP 20300
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1994-02-01
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Analytical Modeling, Design, and Performance Analysis of a Micromirror for Space-Based Multiobject Spectroscopy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents the analytical modeling, design, and performance analysis of an electrostatic micromirror for space-based Multiobject Spectroscopy (MOS). The micromirror under investigation is a double-bridge design with hidden cantilevers architecture in which the deflection is achieved by a combination of bending and twisting cantilevers. A simple closed-form solution of pull-in voltage and deflection is obtained using the parallel-plate capacitor model that assumes micromirror deflection dominated by bending cantilevers due to electrostatic actuation. The design optimization is done to achieve a micromirror of size $200\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 200\,\,\mu \text{m}$ , deflection $2.5~\mu \text{m}$ , pull-in voltage smaller than 25 V, and a shock survival capacity of at least 10 000 g. The static and dynamic behavior of the optimized design is obtained using the analytical model and compared with the finite-element method (FEM) and characterization results and found to be in close agreement. The micromirror exhibits an analytical pull-in voltage near the FEM and measured pull-in voltage with a deviation of 5% and 0.9%, respectively. The analytical resonance frequency is also closer to simulation and measurement results with a deviation of 4.66% and 2.58%, respectively. The analytical switching time is also very close to the FEM results, with a deviation of 28%. The analytical model and the simple approach of design optimization using tuning parameters presented in the article can be used to design the micromirror according to desired specifications.
Looking for the rationale of the instability principle in Harrod’s Essay in dynamic theory: who is adjusting what?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Instability of the warranted growth path, an important property for business cycle theory, is central to Harrod’s Essay. It is persuasively presented as the consequence of moving from statics (where stability is viewed as the normal case) to dynamics. How exactly? The paper suggests two reasons. The first lies in attributing to demanders (firms as investors) rather than to suppliers (firms as producers) the main response to market imbalances. The second results from the insidious introduction of an extrapolative component of expectations in Harrod’s dynamic approach, replacing levels by trends and confining them to a single point in time.
End-to-End Semi-Supervised approach with Modulated Object Queries for Table Detection in Documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Table detection, a pivotal task in document analysis, aims to precisely recognize and locate tables within document images. Although deep learning has shown remarkable progress in this realm, it typically requires an extensive dataset of labeled data for proficient training. Current CNN-based semi-supervised table detection approaches use the anchor generation process and Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) in their detection process, limiting training efficiency. Meanwhile, transformer-based semi-supervised techniques adopted a one-to-one match strategy that provides noisy pseudo-labels, limiting overall efficiency. This study presents an innovative transformer-based semi-supervised table detector. It improves the quality of pseudo-labels through a novel matching strategy combining one-to-one and one-to-many assignment techniques. This approach significantly enhances training efficiency during the early stages, ensuring superior pseudo-labels for further training. Our semi-supervised approach is comprehensively evaluated on benchmark datasets, including PubLayNet, ICADR-19, and TableBank. It achieves new state-of-the-art results, with a mAP of 95.7% and 97.9% on TableBank (word) and PubLaynet with 30% label data, marking a 7.4 and 7.6 point improvement over previous semi-supervised table detection approach, respectively. The results clearly show the superiority of our semi-supervised approach, surpassing all existing state-of-the-art methods by substantial margins. This research represents a significant advancement in semi-supervised table detection methods, offering a more efficient and accurate solution for practical document analysis tasks.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type V Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Estimation of the Emergence of SCCmec V Clinical Isolates in Korea

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Most Korean SCCmec V strains may have emerged during 2000-2010. A unique MRSA SCCmec V strain, ST72 (a Korean common type of community-associated MRSA), was also identified. The genomic dynamics of this clone with a zoonotic background should be monitored to accurately understand MRSA evolution.
Planar waveguide laser at 705 nm based on Eu:KY(WO4)2 epitaxial layer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on polarized spectroscopy and deep-red laser operation of heavily Eu3+-doped KY(WO4)2 epitaxial layers. The waveguide laser delivered 7 mW at 705 mW with a linear polarization and a laser threshold of 22 mW.
A high throughput coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 in 10 traditional Chinese medicines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As the dilution procedure was applied, a simple, rapid and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 was successfully by performed in a total 83 samples of 10 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which were collected from 5 different hospital pharmacies and 5 different medical stores in Guangzhou city. Matrix effects of these 10 TCMs were ranged from 80.23% to 115.5% in low, intermediate and high concentration levels, indicating that the negative effect was overcome in this study. Meanwhile, the analysis method was proved to be stable and reliable during the whole analysis using Semen Armeniacae Amarum spiked 3 concentration levels of standard solution as quality control samples and the RSD < 6.6% was obtained. The contamination levels of 83 investigated samples were 13.89% and 17.02% in hospital pharmacies and medical stores, respectively. The result was presented to provide relevant reference and supplement to those researchers in TCMs analysis and screening.
The Intricacies of Research in Human Sexuality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research in sexuality is relatively new and has faced various obstacles, social frowning, and academic rejection. This paper reviews the early days of sexuality, the church’s negative view of it, and how it progressed to the 21st century. Sex research is then described and the various methodological issues reviewed. In addition, research on sexuality and alcoholism, sexuality in children, and conducting qualitative research on sexual issues is described.
A macroeconomic perspective on economic resilience and inclusive growth in the Philippines

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

here are at least two distinct but not equally important ways to understand what economic resilience means: one is focused on minimizing deviations of output about its trend and the quick return of output to trend following shocks, while another emphasizes the invariance of the underlying trend of output growth itself to shocks, including the ability to raise potential output despite shocks. The Philippine economy cannot be regarded as resilient using either definition. Anemic growth and the lack of economic resilience in the Philippines are primarily due to the inability of the government to make sufficient and quality investments in critical public goods such as climate change adaptation, health, education, and IT connectivity. The main reason for the lack of public (as well as private) investment is the presence of weak institutions and poor governance, characterized by a political economy process which provides many opportunities for rent-seeking behavior that benefit a narrow set of interests, and where adherence and sensitivity to the rule of law is lacking. Overcoming the problem of weak institutions and poor governance requires a change in the incentive structure faced by key institutions, with clear criteria and targets set and performance tied to tenure in office, so as to make government officials more accountable to the people. It requires a populace that demands accountability, transparency in motives and processes, and timely delivery of intended outcomes from the government, and an unwillingness to accept and trade off short-term token benefits for necessary investments to make growth robust, sustainable, and more inclusive. A well-informed and vigilant populace that demands adequate provision of quality public goods and services from the government is key.
Identification of Rice Leaf Diseases Using CNN and Transfer Learning Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rice is a crucial crop for global food security, but its production is often threatened by diseases that can significantly reduce crop yields. Detecting and diagnosing these diseases early on is crucial for managing rice crops effectively. The detection and classification of rice leaf diseases can now be automated due to the progress made in deep learning and computer vision technologies. The present study introduces an novel methodology for the identification and categorization of rice leaf ailments utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs), specifically the ResNet50 and VGG16 models. The proposed methodology employs deep learning methodologies to autonomously acquire features from images of rice leaves, thereby enabling the classification of various disease types. The proposed methodology is assessed through experimental trials on a dataset of rice leaf images that encompasses various disease categories. The findings indicate that the suggested methodology attains elevated precision in identifying and categorizing diverse varieties of rice leaf ailments. The ResNet50 framework surpasses the VGG16 framework in accuracy and sensitivity. The method under consideration exhibits the potential to serve as a proficient instrument for disease management in rice cultivation. It furnishes prompt and precise information regarding the disease status of rice crops, thereby empowering farmers to undertake essential measures to curb the spread of diseases and avert yield losses. Furthermore, the suggested methodology has the potential to be applied to various other crops, thereby facilitating the creation of disease detection and classification techniques that are more widely applicable and expandable.
Assembly of Building Blocks by Double-End-Anchored Polymers in the Dilute Regime Mediated by Hydrophobic Interactions at Controlled Distances

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hierarchical assembly of building blocks via competing, orthogonal interactions is a hallmark of many of nature's composite materials that do not require highly specific ligand-receptor interactions. To mimic this assembly mechanism requires the development of building blocks capable of tunable interactions. In the present work, we explored the interplay between repulsive (steric and electrostatic) and attractive hydrophobic forces. The designed building blocks allow hydrophobic forces to effectively act at controlled, large distances, to create and tune the assembly of membrane-based building blocks under dilute conditions, and to affect their interactions with cellular membranes via physical cross-bridges. Specifically, we employed double-end-anchored poly(ethylene glycol)s (DEA-PEGs)-hydrophilic PEG tethers with hydrophobic tails on both ends. Using differential-interference-contrast optical microscopy, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic electron microscopy, we investigated the ability of DEA-PEGs to mediate assembly in the dilute regime on multiple length scales and on practical time scales. The PEG length, anchor hydrophobicity, and molar fraction of DEA-PEG molecules within a membrane strongly affect the assembly properties. Additional tuning of the intermembrane interactions can be achieved by adding repulsive interactions via PEG-lipids (steric) or cationic lipids to the DEA-PEG-mediated attractions. While the optical and electron microscopy imaging methods provided qualitative evidence of the ability of DEA-PEGs to assemble liposomes, the SAXS measurements and quantitative line-shape analysis in dilute preparations demonstrated that the ensemble average of loosely organized liposomal assemblies maintains DEA-PEG concentration-dependent tethering on defined nanometer length scales. For cationic liposome-DNA nanoparticles (CL-DNA NPs), aggregation induced by DEA-PEGs decreased internalization of NPs by cells, but tuning the DEA-PEG-induced attractions by adding repulsive steric interactions via PEG-lipids limited aggregation and increased NP uptake. Furthermore, confocal microscopy imaging together with colocalization studies with Rab11 and LysoTracker as markers of intracellular pathways showed that modifying CL-DNA NPs with DEA-PEGs alters their interactions with the plasma and endosomal membranes.
An Analytical Survey of Power Consumption and Modeling in Different Areas of ICT Networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — A large no of studies today reflects that the amount of energy consumed in different sectors are increasing rapidly with time especially in ICT sector. This review on factors of energy cosumption will provide a glimps on right picture regarding the power consumption in different segments of wireless communication network and also suggests some network optimization techniques need to improve the energy consumption performance of the network. Main focus of this review paper is on the base station power consumptions in a heterogeneous network, compraizing both for a micro cell and macro cell concept. Based on several datasheets of GSM and UMTS, power models of micro cell and macro cell base stations have been assumed. These power models help to understand the performance of the base station better, in terms of consumed power. Power reduction techniques such as increasing the efficiency of power amplifier, switching off the power amplifier during sleep mode of operation are evaluated.
Fabrication of Cu-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Composites by Simplified Internal Oxidation Process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cu-Al2O3 composites were prepared by a new simplified internal oxidation process integrating with powder metallurgical process, and then the hot extrusion and the cold rolling processes were carried out. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, hardness, tensile strength and thermal stability of the composites were investigated. The results show that Cu-Al2O3 composites were fabricated successfully by the simplified process in which internal oxidation completed during the sintering. There are a mass of fine Al2O3 particles in size varying from 5 nm to 20nm dispersed in copper matrix after sintering 950 for 4h. After sintered at 950 for 4h and extruded at 950 followed with the cold deforming of 80%, the electrical conductivity, hardness, tensile strength and softening temperature of composite reach 81％IACS, 137HV, 561MPa and 850 respectively. It is considered that the dispersion strengthening and strain hardening have greatly contribution to the Cu-Al2O3 composites fabricated with the simplified process.
Structure-based survey of ligand binding in the human insulin receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The insulin receptor is a membrane protein responsible for regulation of nutrient balance and therefore an attractive target in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Pharmacology of the insulin receptor involves two distinct mechanisms, (1) activation of the receptor by insulin mimetics that bind in the extracellular domain and (2) inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase enzymatic activity in the cytoplasmic domain. While a complete structural picture of the full-length receptor comprising the entire sequence covering extracellular, transmembrane, juxtamembrane and cytoplasmic domains is still elusive, recent progress through cryoelectron microscopy has made it possible to describe the initial insulin ligand binding events at atomistic detail. We utilize this opportunity to obtain structural insights into the pharmacology of the insulin receptor. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive docking study of known ligands to the new structures of the receptor. Through this approach, we provide an in-depth, structure-based review of human insulin receptor pharmacology in light of the new structures.
[Case finding in bronchial carcinoma: cost-effectiveness].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The data in the study sponsored by the National Cancer Institute make it possible to calculate the cost of early detection of bronchial carcinoma by radiologic and/or cytologic examination. For the initial series of tests (prevalence study), the cost of one case of screening-related survival amounts to: 417 chest roentgenograms + 417 sputum cytological examinations + 33 investigations to clarify abnormal chest roentgenograms. If cytological investigation alone is performed 2500 examinations are needed for one case of screening-related survival. If these examinations are repeated on a yearly basis, the benefit related to this screening effort is less than 1 case of survival/1000 subjects/year.