jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The outcome of the movement disorder in methcathinone abusers: clinical,MRIand manganesemia changes, and neuropathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose There is limited knowledge regarding the long‐term outcome of the methcathinone/manganese‐induced movement disorder. Our purpose was to define prognosis in intravenous methcathinone abusers affected by this distinctive disorder attributed to manganese ( M n) toxicity. Also, neuropathology from a globus pallidus region biopsy from a former user is reported. Methods Eighteen methcathinone abusers were categorized as active (five), discontinued (four) or former (nine) users. They were reassessed after a median of 32.5 months (range 3.4–59.6) clinically, on rating scales, and with MRI and blood M n levels. The biopsy was examined ultrastructurally. Results Overall the group showed a slight tendency to deterioration at follow‐up on clinical assessment of motor functioning, especially the active users. No significant change occurred on parkinsonian rating scale reassessment. Significant reduction in M n levels occurred in former users, and decreased T 1‐weighted hyperintensity on basal ganglia MRI occurred in 3 of 4 former and 2 of 3 discontinued users, despite lack of clinical improvement. The biopsy consisted of white matter showing decompacted myelin sheaths and frequent abnormalities of mitochondria. Conclusions No improvement in this M n‐induced movement disorder occurs after cessation of methcathinone abuse despite improvement of M n blood levels and/or MRI abnormalities. Ultrastructural abnormalities in a former user confirm structural damage to white matter is associated with the disorder. Methcathinone/ M n toxicity is an important, disabling and permanent medical sequel of intravenous drug abuse in the former Soviet Union.
Figure S3 from The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Asb2α in T Helper 2 Cells Negatively Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Figure S3 shows the numbers of IL-17A+ or FoxP3+IL-10+ in CD4+ cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and colon of untreated control and cKO mice.</p>
Federated Learning for Smart Healthcare: A Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recent advances in communication technologies and the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IOMT) have transformed smart healthcare enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). Traditionally, AI techniques require centralized data collection and processing that may be infeasible in realistic healthcare scenarios due to the high scalability of modern healthcare networks and growing data privacy concerns. Federated Learning (FL), as an emerging distributed collaborative AI paradigm, is particularly attractive for smart healthcare, by coordinating multiple clients (e.g., hospitals) to perform AI training without sharing raw data. Accordingly, we provide a comprehensive survey on the use of FL in smart healthcare. First, we present the recent advances in FL, the motivations, and the requirements of using FL in smart healthcare. The recent FL designs for smart healthcare are then discussed, ranging from resource-aware FL, secure and privacy-aware FL to incentive FL and personalized FL. Subsequently, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the emerging applications of FL in key healthcare domains, including health data management, remote health monitoring, medical imaging, and COVID-19 detection. Several recent FL-based smart healthcare projects are analyzed, and the key lessons learned from the survey are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss interesting research challenges and possible directions for future FL research in smart healthcare.
Control of growth and gut maturation by HoxD genes and the associated lncRNA Haglr

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance During development, transcription factors are necessary not only to pattern the body plan but also to control growth. However, the link between these two developmental components has been difficult to establish. Hox genes are involved in the emergence of a functional digestive system in metazoans, thus providing a potential impact on growth through nutrition. Also, genetic conditions involving these genes lead to important growth retardation. We analyzed several targeted mutant lines at the HoxD locus and found that stunted phenotypes can all be explained by the lack of function of Hoxd3 , whose role seems to be critical in the developing gut of suckling mice, perhaps as an adaptation to the milk-dependent early postnatal period in mammals.
Improving Breastfeeding by Empowering Mothers in Vietnam: A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Mobile App

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Breastfeeding provides benefits to the infant and mother; however, the rates of breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, remain below optimal levels in many Asian countries. The aim of this study is to review the benefits of breastfeeding to mothers and infants and current rates of breastfeeding in Vietnam, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Vietnam. A two-arm, parallel triple-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted among 1000 mothers in Hanoi City, Vietnam, during 2020–2021. Eligible participants are pregnant women who will seek antenatal care from health facilities at 24–36 weeks of gestation and plan to deliver at two participating hospitals, own a smartphone, and carry a singleton foetus. Permuted-block randomisation method stratified by maternal age, education and parity will be used to ensure an equal number of participants in each group. A smartphone app will be developed to deliver breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding information to the intervention and control group, respectively. Data will be collected at baseline, before hospital discharge, and at 1, 4, and 6 months postpartum. This study envisages demonstrating whether a smartphone-based intervention can be effective at improving breastfeeding in Vietnam. Trials registration: ACTRN12619000531112.
Printed in Great Britain © Company of Biologists Limited igy8 REGULATION OF RIBOSOMAL RNA SYNTHESIS IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ribosomal RNA is synthesized at constant rate during most of the cell cycle in heat-shock synchronized populations of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Early in each macronuclear S-period the rate of synthesis increases abruptly, concomitant with replication of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA. The increase is prevented by inhibitors of DNA replication, added prior to the S-period. Similarly, in cultures synchronized by starvation/refeeding, inhibition of DNA replication, at the time when the rDNA is replicated, will prevent the normal increase in rate of RNA synthesis which follows refeeding. We conclude that inhibition of rDNA replication interferes with the synthesis of rRNA, and we suggest that with respect to rRNA synthesis a gene dosis effect is operating in fast-growing Tetrahymena cells.
School libraries and social responsibility: support for special groups and issues - the case of homosexuality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that “every individual and every organ of society ... shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance...”. Article 19 of the Declaration specifies that “everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers”. Further, as Article 26 says, “everyone has the right to education... Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.” The emphasis throughout is on “everyone”.
Evaluating language revival policies of Russia’s Finno-Ugric republics: policy impact and its limits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper evaluates language policies of the ethnic republics of Russia titled after the ethnic groups speaking Finno-Ugric languages in order to understand why the policies had limited impact on their sociolinguistic situations. This is an empirical-analytical study based on quantitative research that investigates within the framework of policy analysis the link between policy outputs and outcomes in order to test the hypothesis that changes in behaviour and attitudes can be traced back to the patterns of languagemanagement. The study produces a systematized set of data on measures taken to create the conditions for language knowledge, use and attitudes in the republics and searches for correlations among variables. The sources of quantitative data include legal and other official documents, accessible official statistics and available sociological and sociolinguistic surveys. Such a policy evaluation contributes to the theoretical understanding of the limits of the revivalist project pursued as a “top-down” public policy.
Cicer arietinum L. IG 69688

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cicer arietinum L.
Common name(s): Chickpea
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 69688
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1991
Other identifiers: n/a,ILC 8698, n/a,02283
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Millennial Lecturer in Higher Education: The Effect of Knowledge Clusters, Performance and Learning Satisfaction on Learning Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Generation Y is known as job jumpers because of the desire to earn a higher salary, career opportunities and opportunities to develop themselves. One type of work is a teacher because by becoming a teacher they get a better life, one of which is by getting extra income from the government for those who already have teacher certification, this is what encourages Generation Y to choose this profession. this study uses crosstabs for the data analysis process because the data comes from the LMS database owned by XYZ Campus. Millennial educators who have the highest performance value of PJJ Information Systems for Information System Engineering Cluster with a value of 5.19. The impact of transactions on millennial lecturers on students is able to fulfill any given workload. Appreciate millennial lecturers in tangible and intangible forms.
ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS DC AGAINST ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOCTONIA SPP.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study underscores the efficacy of aqueous and methanol stem bark extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus against Aspergillus niger, and Rhizoctonia spp. which causes many plant diseases. The plant is reputed for its traditional use in the treatment of diseases related to microbial infection including mycosis, dermatitis, coughing and tuberculosis. Phytochemical analysis of the stem bark extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, and Cardiac glycosides) which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extracts concentrations of 1,000,000, 500,000, 250,000, and 125, 000µg/ml by agar well diffusion technique. Methanol extract was active against all the pathogens especially at concentration of 1,000,000µg/ml which showed greater activity against R. spp. (21mm), but A. niger developed resistance against the aqueous extract at all concentrations. Activity was greater against R. spp. in response to all extracts i.e. methanol and water (21mm, and 20mm) at the highest concentration than A. niger (18mm, and 0). The antifungal screening revealed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activities at varying concentrations against the test pathogens. These activities observed could be attributed to the presence of active metabolites contained in the extract. Further studies to isolate the lead compounds responsible for this activity are therefore advocated.
Effect of Phacoemulsification Subtype on the Efficacy of Previously Performed Glaucoma Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose : to compare the efficacy of existing glaucoma surgery after phacoemulsification (PE) and femtosecond PE (femtoPE). Patients and methods . Study included 30 patients (30 eyes) who have undergone a non-penetrative glaucoma surgery with Burrato II cataract. Patients were evenly distributed to the PE and femtoPE groups. Cataract surgery was performed from 3 months to 1 year after glaucoma surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated before surgery, on week 1, months 1, 3, and 6. Results . Baseline IOP was comparable in both groups: 17,5 ± 1,3 mmHg in a PE group and 17,9 ± 1,5 mmHg in a femtoPE group. In a PE group a statistically significant IOP increase happened on week 1 and month 1, in a femtoPE group it happened only on week 1. In comparison to the femtoPE group, the PE group was associated with bigger IOP increase after 1 week and 1 month (week 1: 17,0 ± 3,6 and 13,2 ± 1,9 mmHg, respectively; month 1: 13,5 ± 2,2 and 13,0 ± 0,7 mmHg, respectively). In months 3 and 6, there was no intergroup difference (12,2 ± 2,1 and 12,5 ± 1,6 mmHg, respectively; 13,3 ± 1,0 and 12,1 ± 1,8 mmHg, respectively). In all follow-up terms amount of hypotensive eyedrops was bigger in the PE group. Conclusion . FemtoPE is safer than PE in eyes with previous glaucoma surgery. Such eyes are more likely to require hypotensive therapy after PE, rather than after femtoPE, for IOP compensation.
Fitness benefits of genetic rescue despite chromosomal differences in an endangered pocket mouse

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two-thirds of Earth’s species have undergone population declines, leaving many vulnerable to genomic erosion and inbreeding depression. Genetic rescue can boost the fitness of small populations, but perceived risks of outbreeding depression can limit its use. We quantified these trade-offs in hundreds of endangered Pacific pocket mice ( Perognathus longimembris pacificus ) by combining whole-genome sequences with fitness data. The impacts of genomic erosion in remnant populations were reversed in an admixed breeding program, suggesting the potential benefits of genetic rescue. However, differences in chromosome numbers increase the risk of genetic incompatibilities. Fitness analyses suggested that although admixed karyotypes may have reduced fertility, non-admixed mice with low heterozygosity and high genetic load had even lower fitness, pointing to a greater risk of extinction if populations remain isolated.
Identification of upstream transcription factors (TFs) for expression signature genes in breast cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women with a rising incidence. Our intention was to detect transcription factors (TFs) for deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer. Integrated analysis of gene expression datasets of breast cancer was performed. Then, functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was conducted, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Furthermore, TFs were identified and a global transcriptional regulatory network was constructed. Seven publically available GEO datasets were obtained, and a set of 1196 DEGs were identified (460 up-regulated and 736 down-regulated). Functional annotation results showed that cell cycle was the most significantly enriched pathway, which was consistent with the fact that cell cycle is closely related to various tumors. Fifty-three differentially expressed TFs were identified, and the regulatory networks consisted of 817 TF-target interactions between 46 TFs and 602 DEGs in the context of breast cancer. Top 10 TFs covering the most downstream DEGs were SOX10, NFATC2, ZNF354C, ARID3A, BRCA1, FOXO3, GATA3, ZEB1, HOXA5 and EGR1. The transcriptional regulatory networks could enable a better understanding of regulatory mechanisms of breast cancer pathology and provide an opportunity for the development of potential therapy.
Transvenous embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula via the inferior ophthalmic vein: illustrative case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND A 49-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department with right eye redness, proptosis, orbital fullness, and blurry vision. She had initially been diagnosed with an orbital pseudotumor, and the symptoms worsened over a course of steroids. Computed tomography angiography raised concern for a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), which was subsequently confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. OBSERVATIONS She underwent fistula coil embolization via the internal maxillary artery and inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV). At the 2-month follow-up, she reported complete resolution of diplopia, orbital fullness, and proptosis. An ophthalmology examination revealed normal visual fields bilaterally. LESSONS CCF embolization is rarely performed through the IOV, with only 5 reported cases in the literature. This case demonstrates that the procedure can be easily performed if the anatomy is favorable over the superior ophthalmic vein, with the illustration of good cosmetic outcomes. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24183
Stratigraphy and formation processes of the Upper Pleistocene succession at Gruta da Oliveira (Almonda karstic system, Torres Novas, Portugal)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This is a 'classical' geoarchaeological study dealing with the stratigraphy and chronology of a Middle Palaeolithic site in Portugal. The starting point is that a detailed study of the formation processes of the site must be carried out in order to infer any kind of interpretation on the meaning and chronology of cultural change. Gruta da Oliveira is a cave located in the Almonda karstic system in central Portugal. Its Upper Pleistocene fill is made up of gravitational sediments with varied biogenic and anthropogenic inputs. The archaeological sequence (35–70 ka) is fairly homogeneous, reflecting a predominantly moist climatic context modulated by millennial-scale variations. Human occupation was almost continuous throughout. In the richer archaeological layers (8–14), the anthropogenic components are in primary position, and post-depositional processes are restricted, although penecontemporaneous biological activity—such as hyena scavenging—overprinted the record. In layers 15–19, the excavated area corresponds to the footslope of a talus, where accumulation proceeded mainly through runoff and where the lithics and bones derive from occupations situated ca. 5m outward. The base of the deposit is >2m from the current base of the excavation, suggesting that Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS)-4 and OIS-5 sediments underlay the deposit already exposed. This study confirms the archaeological integrity of the Mousterian assemblages found in the different layers, and, given the dates for layer 8, supports the hypothesis that Neanderthals survived in western Iberia until at least 35,000–38,000 calendar years ago.
Overexpression of an NLP protein family member increases virulence of Verticillium dahliae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Verticillium dahliae is a xylem‐invading fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt in a wide range of angiosperms. The pathogen uses a variety of virulence factors to invade and colonize its hosts. Here, we report that VdNEP, an NLP (Necrosis and ethylene inducing peptide 1‐Like Protein), functions as one such factor in multiple hosts. Eggplant leaves treated with VdNEP developed necrotic symptoms. Overexpression of VdNEP by incorporating extra copies of the VdNEP gene increased virulence to cotton, eggplant and tomato plants, suggesting its role as a virulence factor in diverse plants. Increased expression of VdNEP among the transformants did not correlate with the number of VdNEP inserts, suggesting that its expression was affected by the genomic context of the insertion sites. Interestingly, a transformant derived from a defoliating strain with high VdNEP transcript levels caused disease symptoms in tomato plants, whereas the corresponding wild‐type strain did not cause visible symptoms. The amount of V . dahliae DNA in plants infected with this VdNEP ‐overexpressing transformant was 22 times higher than that in plants infected with the wild‐type isolate, further supporting the critical role of VdNEP in infection. A VdNEP‐EGFP fusion was constructed to follow its localization in fungal cells and during infection.
[Infantile cerebral palsy and neuromotor development in very low birth weight infants].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred twenty-seven children born between September 1st 1980 and August 31st 1985 weighing less than or equal to 1500 g at birth and submitted to intensive neonatal care were followed-up to the age of 12-36 months of corrected age with a follow-up program to assess their neuromotor and cognitive development. The incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the population in question was 15.7% at 12 and 24 months and 14.6% at 36 months. A peak CP rate was observed among those born in 1982 with a steady decline in the number of CP cases among those born in the last years of this study. The group of children with a birth weight of 1001-1500 g (VLBWI) was more heavily affected by CP than those whose weight was less than or equal to 1000 g (ELBWI). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between neuromotor development and the following factors relative to the perinatal period: type of birth, sex, respiratory distress requiring assisted ventilation, acidosis, ultrasound, neurological examination at the 40th week of gestational age.
Research on a precise differential box-counting method of eliminating image background

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Differential box-counting (DBC) method has been widely used to calculate fractal dimension. analyzing the result of fractal dimension with background image by estimating this traditional method,we find that this algorithm has the limitation to estimate fractal dimension of images with background accurately. In order to solve this issue ,in this paper, an improved differential box-counting(IDBC) method has been proposed to eliminate influence of background on fractal dimension .The mainly improved steps of IDBC as follow: firstly ,the background pixels values Gb of image need to be found out using probability .Secondly, the nq ( nq is the numbers of boxes in a grid) is set to zero when the maximum and minimum in a grid are equal to image background values. To validate IDBC method's performance ,we designed an experiment that the fractal dimension of both original texture images and these ones put in different size frame with black-background are estimated and compared through four different algorithms, including DBC, relevant differential box-counting (RDBC) method, shifting differential box-counting (SDBC) method and IDBC method. The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBC method developed in this work has the ability to improve the measurement accuracy by avoiding the influence caused by background.