jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INCREASING UNDERSTANDING OF PUBLIC PROBLEMS AND POLICIES 1997; AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 1997 NATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY EDUCATION CONFERENCE, CHARLESTON, SC, SEPTEMBER 21-24, 1997

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Includes: Industrialization of Agriculture, by Terry N. Barr and Ed McMillan; Welfare Reform, by Julie Paradis, James Clark, and Bonnie Braun; The Changing Nature of Rural Communities, by Thomas G. Johnson and James K. Scott, Kenneth E. Stone, Philip Martin, and Dennis U. Fisher; The Future of Land Grant Universities, by I. Miley Gonzalez, Jon Wefald, Bud Webb, Michael J. Phillips, and LeRoy Luft; Agricultural Policy at the End of the 20th Century, by Luther Tweeten and Eugene Paul; Administering Environmental Law: Impacts of Private Landowners and Public Uses, by Bruce Yandle and Lawrence W. Libby
Rescuers: Portraits of Moral Courage in the Holocaust

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A welcome addition to Holocaust literature, this work presents a series of 49 personal reminiscences of non-Jewish citizens in various European nations who risked their lives to hide resident Jews from the Nazi horror. Most of those interviewed felt their actions were done out of friendship and for people caught in a web of hatred and anti-Semitism. They did not feel that they were acting heroically but that they were doing what was right. Portraits by Block of each of the rescuers accompany the text. These 49 are representative of the 9,295 rescuers honoured at the Yad Vashem in Israel. This is recommended reading for general readers as well as for college and university libraries.
Equivalent Markov models for filtering and smoothing of mining vehicle positions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A linear state‐space model is described whose second‐order moments match that of a hidden Markov chain (HMC). This model enables a modified transition probability matrix to be employed within minimum‐variance filters and smoothers. However, the ensuing filter/smoother designs can exhibit suboptimal performance because a previously reported transition‐probability‐matrix modification is conservative, and identified models can lack observability and reachability. This article describes a less‐conservative transition‐probability‐matrix modification and a model‐order‐reduction procedure to enforce observability and reachability. An optimal minimum‐variance predictor, filter, and smoother are derived to recover the Markov chain states from noisy measurements. The predictor is asymptotically stable provided that the problem assumptions are correct. It is shown that collapsing the model improves state‐prediction performance. The filter and smoother recover the Markov states exactly when the measurement noise is negligible. A mining vehicle position tracking application is discussed in which performance benefits are demonstrated.
Cote d'Ivoire: a case study on the impact of HIV / AIDS on health services and households.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Two recent research studies sponsored by the European Commission show that the HIV/AIDS epidemic is having a major impact upon Cote d'Ivoire's public health services and household financial resources. With regard to HIV/AIDS, Cote d'Ivoire is the worst affected of all West African countries. As of 1996, Cote d'Ivoire had an overall HIV infection prevalence of 10%. While researchers expect the prevalence to rise, public health services are now meeting only less than 20% of the demand for HIV-related care in Abidjan. The supply of essential drugs has improved only at the center, not in the outlying regions of the country. The public health system needs to be decentralized in order to accommodate the 70% of total demand for HIV-related care expected outside of Abidjan by 1999. Meanwhile, other illnesses are being displaced from the public health system as HIV-related care consumes a growing proportion of public health resources. Households in which someone has HIV/AIDS spend twice as much as other households upon health care, with 80% of those resources going to the person with AIDS. The amount of money spent upon HIV/AIDS activities in Cote d'Ivoire has been rising steadily since 1995, and is expected to reach US$14 million in 1997.
Additional file 1 of Basal cell carcinoma risk and solar UV exposure in occupationally relevant anatomic sites: do histological subtype, tumor localization and Fitzpatrick phototype play a role? A population-based case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Association of UV exposure and risk for BCC in cases with histopathological subtype nodular and matched controls (n = 403 in each group). Table S2. Association of UV exposure and risk for BCC in cases with histopathological subtype sclerodermiform and matched controls (n = 145 in each group). Table S3. Association of UV exposure and risk for BCC in cases with histopathological subtype superficial and matched controls (n = 28 in each group).
A comparison of 2D vs. 3D thresholding of X-ray CT imagery

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Non-destructive soil constituent analysis has advanced from resin impregnation of intact samples to the utilization of non-destructive imaging devices (i.e., CT scanners) for 3D composition. A difficulty of CT scanning is the finite resolution of such devices and the resulting non-definitive boundaries. Isolation of voxels that contain a single constituent (i.e., low variance voxels) allows for improved segregation of 3D data by histogram thresholding. The results from proposed 2D and 3D low variance voxel segmentation techniques were compared to establish whether or not 3D consideration should be used when analyzing CT and intact soil columns. It was determined that 2D processing in single orientation and as a multiplicative orthogonal process produced dissimilar results to 3D processed data. The authors encourage further exploration of 3D investigation in soil science, particularly related to soil composition and arrangement. Key words: Computed tomography, threshold, segmentation, soil, 3D
Sediment Yield and Soil Loss Estimation Using GIS Based Soil Erosion Model: A Case Study in the MAN Catchment, Madhya Pradesh, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of recent times. It broadly affects to agricultural land and reservoir sedimentation and its consequences are very harmful. In agricultural land, soil erosion affects the fertility of soil and its composition, crop production, soil quality and land quality, yield and crop quality, infiltration rate and water holding capacity, organic matter and plant nutrient and groundwater regimes. In reservoir sedimentation process the consequences of soil erosion process are reduction of the reservoir capacity, life of reservoir, water supply, power generation etc. Based on these two aspects, an attempt has been made to the present study utilizing Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in integration with remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess the spatial pattern of annual rate of soil erosion, average annual soil erosion rate and erosion prone areas in the MAN catchment. The RUSLE considers several factors such as rainfall, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, land use and land cover and erosion control practice for soil erosion prediction. In the present study, it is found that average annual soil erosion rate for the MAN catchment is 13.01-tons/ha/year, which is higher than that of adopted and recommended values for the project. It has been found that 53% area of the MAN catchment has negligible soil erosion rate (less than 2-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution found on flat land of upper MAN catchment. It has been detected that 26% area of MAN catchment has moderate to extremely severe soil erosion rate (greater than 10-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution has been found on undulated topography of the middle MAN catchment. It is proposed to treat this area by catchment area treatment activity.
Keratin incorporation into intermediate filament networks is a rapid process.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The properties of keratin-containing intermediate filament (IF) networks in vivo were studied following the microinjection of biotinylated keratin. Keratin-IFs were biotinylated, disassembled, and separated into type I and type II proteins by ion exchange chromatography. Recombination of these derivatized type I and type II keratins resulted in the formation of 10-nm diameter IF. The type I keratins were microinjected into epithelial cells and observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Biotin-rich spots were found throughout the cytoplasm at 15-20 min after injection. Short biotinylated fibrous structures were seen at 30-45 min after injection, most of which colocalized with the endogenous bundles of IF (tono-filaments). By 1 1/2 to 2 h after microinjection, extensive biotinylated keratin IF-like networks were evident. These were highly coincident with the endogenous tonofilaments throughout the cell, including those at desmosomal junctions. These results suggest the existence of a relatively rapid subunit incorporation mechanism using numerous sites along the length of the endogenous tonofilament bundles. These observations support the idea that keratin-IFs are dynamic cytoskeletal elements.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Post Banding Ulcer Bleeding Following Endoscopic Variceal Ligation in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results: Frequency of post-banding ulcer bleeding after EVL in patients who have liver cirrhosis was 7.9%, and its mortality within 14 days follow up was 10%.Reflux esophagitis was found to be a risk factor of post-banding ulcer bleeding (P= 0.016, OR= 8).Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) may be a protective factor against occurrence of post-banding ulcer bleeding (P= 0.054). Conclusion:Post-banding ulcer bleeding is an infrequent complication after EVL.Reflux esophagitis is considered an independent risk factor for this complication.
Determining parameters of an electric drive for sowing apparatus of the Saxonia A200 seed drill

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A methodology has been developed for the selection of an electric motor for the replacement of the mechanical with electric drive of the sowing apparatus of the Saxonia A200 seeder. The gear ratio, angular velocity and torque required to drive the sowing apparatus have been determined. As a result, 22.65 W of motor power is calculated.
BP-SGCN: Behavioral Pseudo-Label Informed Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian and Heterogeneous Trajectory Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Trajectory prediction allows better decision-making in applications of autonomous vehicles or surveillance by predicting the short-term future movement of traffic agents. It is classified into pedestrian or heterogeneous trajectory prediction. The former exploits the relatively consistent behavior of pedestrians, but is limited in real-world scenarios with heterogeneous traffic agents such as cyclists and vehicles. The latter typically relies on extra class label information to distinguish the heterogeneous agents, but such labels are costly to annotate and cannot be generalized to represent different behaviors within the same class of agents. In this work, we introduce the behavioral pseudo-labels that effectively capture the behavior distributions of pedestrians and heterogeneous agents solely based on their motion features, significantly improving the accuracy of trajectory prediction. To implement the framework, we propose the Behavioral Pseudo-Label Informed Sparse Graph Convolution Network (BP-SGCN) that learns pseudo-labels and informs to a trajectory predictor. For optimization, we propose a cascaded training scheme, in which we first learn the pseudo-labels in an unsupervised manner, and then perform end-to-end fine-tuning on the labels in the direction of increasing the trajectory prediction accuracy. Experiments show that our pseudo-labels effectively model different behavior clusters and improve trajectory prediction. Our proposed BP-SGCN outperforms existing methods using both pedestrian (ETH/UCY, pedestrian-only SDD) and heterogeneous agent datasets (SDD, Argoverse 1).
The effect of bank regulation on performance of private commercial banks in Ethiopia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The financial system plays a pivotal role in economic activities in any country. Thus it is vital to determine the status and assess the financial health of the financial system and take corrective policy measures continuously. The main objective of the study is to examine the effect of bank regulation on the performance of private commercial banks. The study used balanced panel model in examining the regression model and collect data from ten private commercial banks covering the period of six (6) consecutive years, 2011-2016with a total of 60 observations. To this end, the study employed a quantitative research approach by documentary analysis based on their audited financial statement. The study used panel data techniques specifically fixed effect model on the regression analysis and used E-view8 software. The study used two dependent variables return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), six independent variables that are NBE bill purchase, legal reserve requirement, equity investment, capital requirement, capital adequacy and bank size. The findings of the study for ROA model revealed that NBE Bill Purchase and Legal reserve requirement have negative and significant effect on performance of private commercial bank in Ethiopia, where as equity investment, capital requirement, bank size and capital adequacy are positive and significant effect on performance of private commercial bank in Ethiopia. The regression result of the second performance indicator ROE model revealed that NBE Bill Purchase and Legal reserve requirement have negative and significant effect on performance of private commercial bank in Ethiopia, where as equity investment, capital requirement, bank size and capital adequacy are positive and significant effect on performance of private commercial bank in Ethiopia. The research concluded that NBE regulation has significant effect on the performance of Ethiopian private commercial banks. Hence, the study recommend in support of each variables for Ethiopian private commercial banks to give due attention on NBE regulation to enhance their performance significantly.
Utility of blood tests in screening for metabolic disorders in kidney stone disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To determine the clinical utility of blood tests as a screening tool for metabolic abnormalities in patients with kidney stone disease. Subjects and Methods Clinical and biochemical data from 709 patients attending the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for assessment and treatment of kidney stones were prospectively collected between April 2011 and February 2017. Data were analysed to determine the utility of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), urate, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium and phosphate assays in screening for primary hyperparathyroidism, normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism, hyperuricosuria, distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and hypercalciuria. Results An elevated serum calcium level was detected in 2.3% of patients. Further investigations prompted by this finding resulted in a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in 0.2% of men and 4.6% of women for whom serum calcium was recorded. An elevated serum PTH level in the absence of hypercalcaemia was detected in 15.1% of patients. Of these patients, 74.6% were vitamin D‐insufficient; no patients were diagnosed with normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism. Hyperuricosuria was present in 21.6% of patients and hypercalciuria in 47.1%. Hyperuricaemia was not associated with hyperuricosuria, nor was hypophosphataemia associated with hypercalciuria. No patient was highlighted as being at risk of dRTA using serum chloride and bicarbonate as screening tests. Conclusion This study indicates that individuals presenting with renal calculi should undergo metabolic screening with a serum calcium measurement alone. Use of additional blood tests to screen for metabolic disorders is not cost‐effective and may provide false reassurance that metabolic abnormalities are not present. A full metabolic assessment with 24‐h urine collection should be undertaken in recurrent stone formers and in those at high risk of future stone disease to identify potentially treatable metabolic abnormalities.
The premature ageing syndromes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article The premature ageing syndromes: REPORT OF EIGHT CASES AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ENTITY NAMED METAGERIA Get access J. J. H. GILKES, J. J. H. GILKES The Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, The Department of Dermatology, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, and the Department of Genetics, The Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, WC2H 7BJ *Reprint requests should be addressed to: Dr J. J. H, Gilkes, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London EC1A 7BE. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. E. SHARVILL, D. E. SHARVILL The Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, The Department of Dermatology, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, and the Department of Genetics, The Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. S. WELLS R. S. WELLS The Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, The Department of Dermatology, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, and the Department of Genetics, The Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 3, 1 September 1974, Pages 243–262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12893.x Published: 01 September 1974 Article history Accepted: 29 November 1973 Published: 01 September 1974
Finding the right way

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Isobel Allen's report Doctors and Their Careers: A New Generation, 76% of women doctors and 58% of male doctors said that they had regretted their decision to become doctors at some point in their career. There is obviously an urgent need to develop more realistic career pathways and better career advice, particularly for women. It is economically unsound and cruel to educate people to a high level without thinking through realistic patterns of employment. Consideration should be given to three possible career pathways: the classic steady rise through the ranks with the attainment of current higher degrees, including research degrees; the same progression but with a plateau in the late 20s and early 30s, during which work is less than full time and thus senior status is reached at a later age; and, finally, a less demanding but worthwhile option producing a clinically competent doctor, a valuable member of the team who does not have the extra burden of research and management.

For most men and women without children the current career progression in medicine is appropriate. For some doctors who become mothers and who have excellent domestic support, the conventional career pattern may also be suitable, although problems such as geographical instability in the early years still need addressing. For many, however, the dual …
The Effect of Work on Antisocial Behavior among Formerly Incarcerated Young Adults: A Panel Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although there is ample research on the association between employment and adults’ crime, few studies have focused on formerly incarcerated juveniles transitioning to emerging adults, especially studies using panel data. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance Study (N = 1,289) with a group of high-risk emerging adults (ages 18 to 24), this panel analysis addresses the effect of employment on antisocial behavior guided by Laub and Sampson’s social bond theory. The results show average weeks worked for the sample is below 26 weeks per year at each time point, indicating low levels of labor market participation. A fixed effects model using a structural equation modeling approach confirms that those with more work are significantly likely to decrease antisocial behavior. Consistent with previous studies, individuals with more substance use and gang involvement are positively associated with antisocial behavior. The article concludes with a discussion of the role of employment and emerging adults.
English for specific purposes course for Russian medical students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter describes a language-for-specific-purposes course designed to develop the intercultural competence of medical students. The course was created in order to bridge the gap in medical students' instruction by the means available at Russian higher education institutions. Currently, intercultural communication, medical anthropology, or allied disciplines that examine health care in the cross-cultural perspective are not included in the compulsory part of Russian medical degree programmes. Conversely, by existing regulations, English is a required course for medical students across the country that could bring awareness of intercultural issues of the patient-doctor relationship. Students' majors, as stated in the official list of programmes approved by the Russian ministry of education and science, included general medicine, paediatrics, preventive medicine, and dentistry. The definition of intercultural competence offered in 1984 by Spitzberg and Cupach was used in this course. In search of a suitable intercultural competence model, sixty-six models created by scholars from thirteen countries were reviewed.
Clinical Case Reviews of Light Truck and Van Crashes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper reviews some clinical case studies taken from field investigations conducted by the authors of actual crashes involving light trucks and vans. An attempt is made to indicate where Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards might possibly be applicable and to compare cases where vehicle design changes apparently reduced the severity of injuries. In particular, cases are shown where occupants were restrained and where steering column energy absorbing and rearward displacement systems have been installed.
Notes for the History of New Approaches to International Legal Studies: Not a Map but Perhaps a Compass

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work offers the first introductory chrono-bibliographical approach to David Kennedy's highly diversified, greatly heterogeneous, and provocatively engaging scholarly work, since his pioneering application of structuralism to international law to his latest inquiries on the nature of expertise in the age of global law and governance. This survey of three decades of Kennedy's work is contextualized within the intellectual scaffolding of New Approaches to International Legal Studies (NAILS) since the early-mid 1980s.