jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Normative Data for an Instrumental Assessment of the Upper-Limb Functionality

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Upper-limb movement analysis is important to monitor objectively rehabilitation interventions, contributing to improving the overall treatments outcomes. Simple, fast, easy-to-use, and applicable methods are required to allow routinely functional evaluation of patients with different pathologies and clinical conditions. This paper describes the Reaching and Hand-to-Mouth Evaluation Method, a fast procedure to assess the upper-limb motor control and functional ability, providing a set of normative data from 42 healthy subjects of different ages, evaluated for both the dominant and the nondominant limb motor performance. Sixteen of them were reevaluated after two weeks to perform test-retest reliability analysis. Data were clustered into three subgroups of different ages to test the method sensitivity to motor control differences. Experimental data show notable test-retest reliability in all tasks. Data from older and younger subjects show significant differences in the measures related to the ability for coordination thus showing the high sensitivity of the method to motor control differences. The presented method, provided with control data from healthy subjects, appears to be a suitable and reliable tool for the upper-limb functional assessment in the clinical environment.
Factors Influencing Full Immunization Coverage among Children Aged 12-23 months in Chadereka Rural Community, Zimbabwe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Full Immunization (a child having received BCG, 3 doses of oral polio, three doses of pneumococcal conjugate, three doses of pentavalent and measles vaccine) against vaccine preventable diseases reduces deaths of under-fives in developing countries.Zimbabwe records show low full immunization coverage of 69.2% in 2015 and the causalities are poorly understood.We examine factors undermining full immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Chadereka community, Centenary district.We adopted a cross sectional study design using modified cluster sampling method to select study participants.Fifteen systematically selected clusters of 8 children were utilized to determine full immunization coverage.Data collection was done using a pretested structured questionnaire and analysed using excel software.Mothers (n=120) with children (aged 12-23 months) were sampled and history of immunization was extracted from child's baby card plus mother's history.We found that 64.2% (95% CI: 53.9-74.5) of study participant had achieved full immunization.Specific vaccine coverage for BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of pneumococcal conjugate, three doses of pentavalent, and measles vaccine were 90.8%, 89.4%, 86.1%, 82.4% and 70% respectively.Source for immunization were health centre (53.5%), outreach services (37%) and hospital (9.5%).Mother's awareness (p-value 0.0317) and wealth status (p value 0.01592) were the major predictors of full immunization coverage.Reasons given for failure to fully immunize children were obstacles (74.4%), lack of motivation (11.6 %), lack of information (9.3%) and community factors (4.7%).We conclude that improved awareness to mothers and empowering women potentially increase the national full immunization coverage.
Hospital social workers’ appraisal of, reaction to, and coping with a critical incident in their work environment: a descriptive study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The intensity and emotional demands of the health care environment place exceptionally high performance expectations and stress on hospital social workers. Critical Incident Stress (CIS), a specific type of stress associated with dramatic, emotionally overwhelming situations, known as Critical Incidents (CIs), produce several emotional and physical reactions that can threaten the well-being of the hospital social worker. CIS, as experienced by hospital social workers, is absent from the literature and not well understood. The purpose of this study was to describe how hospital social workers appraised, reacted to, and coped with CIs in their work environment. Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) theoretical framework of stress appraisal and coping was used to guide this descriptive study. A sample of 30 hospital social workers was recruited from two Vancouver tertiary care hospitals. Four instruments (Participant Information Sheet, Critical Incident Information Form, Emotional Appraisal Scale, and Ways of Coping Scale) were used to gain knowledge on how hospital social workers appraised, reacted to, and coped with CIs in their work environment. Quantitative data were coded, qualitative data were subjected to content analysis, and descriptive statistics calculated. Data revealed that hospital social workers encountered CIs in their work environment and that the majority of CIs centred on death-related events. The primary traits of events appraised as CIs were novelty, suddenness, and uncertainty. Respondents reacted to the CI with a variety of emotional (anxiety, fear, frustration, worry, anger) and physical reactions (feeling overwhelmed, fatigued, withdrawn, anxious, difficulty with sleeping), and although they experienced some discomfort, these reactions were not debilitating. Most hospital social workers indicated that their personal beliefs had been challenged by the CI and revealed that they were unsure as to what their social work role or function should have been during the event. However, despite this, respondents remained confident and comfortable with the decisions they made. Hospital social workers appeared to cope well with CIs, used a variety of emotion- and problem-focused coping strategies, and reported few negative effects on their professional and/or personal lives. The top four coping strategies utilized by respondents were seeking social support, planful problemsolving, positive reappraisal, and self-control. The implications of the findings for hospital social work administration, social work training and education, hospital social work practice, and future research are discussed.
Introduction to Languages, Literatures, and Literacies. Re-searching paradoxes and negotiations in Scandinavian L1 subjects. A special issue Paradoxes and Negotiations in Scandinavian L1 Research in Languages, Literatures and Literacies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For many decades, "The Nordic Model of Education" (Telhaug, Mediaas, & Aasen, 2006) has been a recognized metaphor for the open and democratic educational system in Scandinavian countries. Education has been a primary political objective for the Social Democratic governments that have held majority seats in Scandinavian parliaments for substantial periods in the post-war period. According to Telhaug, Mediaas, and Aasen (2006), schooling should be involved in the realization of "social goals such as equal opportunities and community fellowship" (p. 245). Several studies also show that the post-war commitment to public schools and opportunities for education had a democratic effect (Aamodt & Stølen, 2003).
The zoeal development of Nanocassiope granulipes (Sakai, 1939) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) described from laboratory-reared material

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ko, Hyun Sook, Clark, Paul F. (2002): The zoeal development of Nanocassiope granulipes (Sakai, 1939) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) described from laboratory-reared material. Journal of Natural History 36 (12): 1463-1488, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110047685, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930110047685
Inequalities of M.G. Krein, Yu.V. Linnik and E.A. Gorin for positive definite functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate inequalities of M.G. Krein, Yu.V. Linnik and E.A. Gorin for positive definite functions. Modifications and generalizations of these inequalities are proved. We also prove that multipoint E.A. Gorin's inequality follows from two--point M.G. Krein's inequality.
Sandwiching, Polylanguaging, Translanguaging, and Codeswitching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The language-teaching profession, the profession that institutionalizes language teaching and learning, can be said to have had its beginning twenty-five centuries ago. The term most frequently used to describe the use of two languages in the language teaching classroom by both teachers and students in the literature on the use of a non-target language in instruction is codeswitching. Ideologies of language can best be thought of as unexamined ideas and beliefs that shape people’s thinking about language itself and about those who use language. Rumsey defines ideologies as “shared bodies of commonsense notions about the nature of language in the world.” The field that studies the learning/acquisition of additional languages is the field of second language acquisition. The end-state of the acquisition process was seen as the acquisition of the linguistic characteristics of the educated native speaker of the additional language. This native speaker, moreover, was constructed as a monolingual.
Biotechnological Significance of Mushroom: An Overview

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Mushrooms are a manifestation of a common saying, 'Medicines and foods have a common origin', in constituting both a nutritionally functional food and a source of physiologically beneficial medicine.Objective:The review article covers the data obtained from the broad-range studies focused on physiological and biochemical worth of varieties as well as mode of nutrition of mushroom and may provide an overview for biotechnologists to propagate their research on still obscure nutraceutical significance of edible mushrooms.Conclusion: Conclusively, this review demonstrates that mushrooms, akin to plants, have a great prospective for the production of valuable bioactive metabolites, reflecting their prolific resourcefulness for drug formulation and/or synthesis.
Active Thermal Sharing Control for a Cascaded Converter in Medium-Voltage Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cascaded three-level neutral-point-clamped (C3L-NPC) converter has been adopted in practical projects for power transmission in medium-voltage distribution networks. However, this type of converter comprises multiple submodules (SMs) in which thermal imbalance may occur due to a mismatch between component parameters of the SMs. This may lead to decreased system reliability. To address this shortcoming, an active thermal sharing control strategy for C3L-NPC converters is presented in this paper. A thermal control loop is incorporated into the inner current controller within each SM. Active and reactive power regulation is conducted based on the individual junction temperature of each SM. A high-level controller is used to regulate the total power and to calculate the temperature reference. The control strategy enables decoupled thermal and power regulation, and each control loop can be independently designed. The effectiveness of the approach has been experimentally validated using a testbed down-scaled from the ANGLE-DC project—the first operational medium-voltage dc link in Europe. It is shown that the junction temperature of the SMs is effectively balanced without affecting the output power under cooling system failures.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin Domain-Containing Proteins in Gossypium and the Role of GhMACPF26 in Cotton Under Cold Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain-containing proteins are involved in the various developmental processes and in responding to diverse abiotic stress. The function and regulatory network of the MACPF genes are rarely reported in Gossypium spp. We study the detailed identification and partial functional verification of the members of the MACPF family. Totally, 100 putative MACPF proteins containing complete MACPF domain were identified from the four cotton species. They were classified into three phylogenetic groups and underwent multifold pressure indicating that selection produced new functional differentiation. Cotton MACPF gene family members expanded mainly through the whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental followed by the dispersed. Expression and cis-acting elements analysis revealed that MACPFs play a role in resistance to abiotic stresses, and some selected GhMACPFs were able to respond to the PEG and cold stresses. Co-expression analysis showed that GhMACPFs might interact with valine-glutamine (VQ), WRKY, and Apetala 2 (AP2)/ethylene responsive factor (ERF) domain-containing genes under cold stress. In addition, silencing endogenous GhMACPF26 in cotton by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method indicated that GhMACPF26 negatively regulates cold tolerance. Our data provided a comprehensive phylogenetic evolutionary view of Gossypium MACPFs. The MACPFs may work together with multiple transcriptional factors and play roles in acclimation to abiotic stress, especially cold stress in cotton.
A new tool for determining the optimum fish meal and vegetable meals in diets for maximizing the economic profitability of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) feeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The economic profitability of fish meal replacement by soybean meal and pea-rice concentrate mixture, was analysed considering the economic conversion ratio (ECR) and the economic profit index (EPIst) as a proposal for evaluating the economic profitability in diets for sea bream. The optimal fish meal levels for minimizing the ECR were 33% (when soybean meal was included) and 14% (in the case of pea-rice concentrate mixture) and for maximizing the EPIst, optimal fish meal levels were 31% and 28.8%, respectively, considering the current market price of fish meal and vegetal ingredients. The EPIst, seems to be a better index than the ECR to estimate diet profitability, because it considers weight increment, feed conversion ratio, diet cost and fish sale price. A sensibility analysis was conducted, considering variations in the price of fish meal and vegetal ingredients. Finally, several multiple regressions were developed for estimating the optimal level of fish meal with each vegetable ingredient and the expected value of the economic profit as a function of the market price of both fish meal and plant protein. When fish meal prices increase, the highest beneficial level of the inclusion fish meal and the highest economic profit would be achieved with pea-rice mixture.
Analysis of provider specialties in the treatment of patients with clinically diagnosed back and joint problems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives Although several studies have compared patient outcomes by provider specialty in the treatment of back and joint pain, little is known about the cost‐effectiveness of improving patient outcomes across specialties. This study uses a large‐scale, nationally representative database to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of being treated by specific provider specialists for back and joint pain in the United States. Method The 2002–2012 M edical E xpenditure P anel S urveys were used to examine patients diagnosed with back and/or joint problems seeking treatment from doctors (internal medicine, family/general, osteopathic medicine, orthopaedics, rheumatology, neurology) or other providers (chiropractor, physical therapist, acupuncturist, massage therapist). A total of 16 546 respondents aged 18 to 85 and clinically diagnosed with back/joint pain were examined. Self‐reported measures of physical and mental health and general quality of life (measured by the EuroQol‐5D ) were compared with average total costs of treatment across medical providers. Results Total annual treatment costs per person ranged from $397 for family/general doctors to $1205 for rheumatologists. Cost‐effectiveness analysis suggests that osteopathic, family/general, internal medicine doctors and chiropractors and massage therapists were more cost‐effective than other specialties in improving physical function to back pain patients. For mental health measures, family/general and orthopaedic doctors and physical therapists were more cost‐effective compared with other specialties. Similar to results on physical function, family/general, osteopathic and internal medicine doctors dominated other specialties. However, only massage therapy was cost‐effective among non‐doctor providers in improving quality of life measures. Conclusions Patients seeking care for back and joint‐related health problems face a wide range of treatments, costs and outcomes depending on which specialist provider they see. This study provides important insight on the relationship between health care costs and patients' perceived physical and mental health status from receiving treatment for diagnosed back/joint problems.
The Anatomy of a Crisis; Uganda, 1953–55

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

appointment, January, 1952, of Sir Andrew Cohen as Governor of Uganda raised great hopes amongst those sympathetic to rapid African political advance. Sir Andrew's reputation as Fabian of Whitehall was firmly established. Perhaps it was felt, that under his guidance, Uganda might not only move towards self-government but might also do so without distrust and racial animosity that frequently other territories have accompanied such advance. Certainly his influence was quickly felt. He vigorously pursued economic development of Protectorate, although his care to safeguard welfare of Africans led to some criticisms from commercial interests. He encouraged African co-operatives, tripled governmental spending on education and increased welfare expenditures. He used his social influence to combat racial snobbery with a persistence that privately annoyed many Europeans. Indeed, he often seemed more at ease Africans' company than exclusively white company of Uganda's European clubs. Above all he set motion process of political change, increasing African representation on Legislative Council and expanding functions of African local government. Yet it was this Governor who on November 30, 1953, ordered deportation of Kabaka Mutesa II of Buganda.1 The background of this act is complex. The Baganda are largest and most advanced tribe Uganda, a proud people with a long history as a united tribe. Like almost all Africans Uganda, they possess a tribal loyalty far deeper than any national sentiments. Under British protection since 1894, they have continued to be ruled by their Kabaka (or his Regents) on whose autocratic powers were few checks save that of British overrule. The powers of Protectorate, however, were great. The Uganda Agreement of 1900 required Kabaka to rule in manner approved by Her Majesty's Government, and further enjoined that the Kabaka, Chiefs and people of Uganda
Investor-owned Health Care: The Hidden Blight on America’s “System”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Investor ownership of US health care has grown exponentially in the past 50 years through ever closer ties with Wall Street corporate interests. More recently, private equity firms have accelerated this process, invariably with harmful impacts on access to affordable care, its quality, and profiteering, with little accountability. These impacts are fueled by several concurrent trends: (1) increasing privatization, (2) consolidation and mergers, (3) increasing bureaucracy and waste, and (4) profiteering that may bleed into outright fraud. This article traces the uncontrolled growth of health care costs and prices in recent decades, together with documented examples across the health care delivery system whereby profit-driven, investor-owned interests have compromised patient care. These include hospitals, emergency care, nursing homes, mental health, and practices of such specialities as obstetrics–gynecology and ophthalmology. These practices have compromised patient care in the midst of a pandemic and economic downturn, as reflected by markers of a system needing reform. A larger role of government is called for, together with the advantages of Medicare for All in establishing health care as a human right, not a privilege based on ability to pay.
Obstructed Labour at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Ilorin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During a five-year period between 1st January 1995 to 31st December 1999, three hundred and twenty eight cases of obstructed labour were encountered out of a total of 12,614 deliveries managed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital giving an incidence of 1 in 38 deliveries (2.6%). One hundred and nine (33.2%) of the patients were nulliparous and 169 (51.1%) were unbooked. Foetopelvic disproportion was the commonest cause of obstructed labour and accounts for 211(64.3%). Wound infection was encountered in 110 (33.5%) and 91 (27.7%) had puerperal sepsis. Health education of the populace on the importance of antenatal care, improvements in the socio-economic conditions, female education and training of traditional birth attendants, proper supervision during labour and provision of adequate and accessible facilities with proper referral were some of the suggested ways of preventing and reducing the incidence of obstructed labour. Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol.47(4) 2005: 54-57
Developing a model to predict the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises: the case of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector is becoming increasingly important in the economic and social development of nations. In view of the essential nature of SME activity, the overall aim of the present research is to develop a model that is able to predict SME performance in the Saudi context. One of the reasons for embarking upon this study is that the number of SMEs that have ceased to operate in the Saudi context has recently increased, and their contribution to the economy has been reported to be low. Therefore, it is an essential to increase these SMEs’ contributions, thus enabling them to play a more central role in the Saudi Arabian economy. This can be done by identifying the factors most closely associated with their performance in order to increase their probability of success and decrease their failure rate. The research’s aim has been reached through focusing on the various different factors, produced both from inside businesses and in the external environment, which are associated with SMEs’ performance in the Saudi context. Success and failure definitions were then used to measure SMEs’ performance based on their profits. Data were collected using a quantitative method. Questionnaires were distributed to SMEs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and the responses were analysed. First, a descriptive analysis was conducted to identify the owners/managers and their businesses’ characteristics. Second, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to find relationships in which variables were maximally correlated with one another and minimally correlated with other variables, and the variables were then grouped accordingly. Third, the results of a logit regression analysis were examined in order to predict SMEs’ performance and classify it as successful or not in the Saudi context. The main findings of the present research indicate that the full model containing all the predictors is statistically significant. Looking at the individual factors, it found that five factors add a unique, statistically significant contribution to the model; these are: owner/managers’ experience, planning, intensity of competition, the regulatory environment, and terrorism risk. The present research is among only a few researches focusing on the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that have provided a study relating to SME performance from the perspectives of the owner/managers themselves. The findings of the present research could also be applied in other, similar contexts, such as other Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC).