jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
VALUES AND MODEL OF MODERN ENTERPRISE. ADOPTING NEW STRATEGIC MODEL

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Entrepreneurship forces significant changes in product and service offerings and new business models development. The involvement of companies into collaborative projects and developing them becomes common business approach in various industries in multinational level. As result the economic structures of two types countries and the development stages are mutually dependent. The most prevalent industry sectors in efficiency-driven economies are wholesale/retail (51%) and ICT, financial and other services (26%) and manufacturing (13%). The economic structure of innovation-driven economies has another tendency: the most prevalent entrepreneurial activity is in ICT, financial and other services (50%), followed by wholesale/retail (31%) and manufacturing (10%). The differences in prevalent entrepreneurial activities in specific sectors reflect changes in the relative contributions of each industry sector in each stage of the country’s economic development. (Singer, S., et al. (2018)).
Iterated Instabilities during Droplet Fission

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Recent observations indicate that the shape of a fluid interface undergoes repeated instabilities arbitrarily close to breakoff. We interpret this behavior as the result of successive instabilities of the similarity solution of Eggers. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3458 (1993)]. We show that the similarity solution is unstable to finite amplitude perturbations, with critical amplitude going to zero at the singularity. Thermal fluctuations in the fluid can trigger the instabilities.
Eavesdropping Attacks in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks under a Shadow Fading Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. This paper concerns the eavesdropping attacks in wireless ad hoc networks under a shadow fading environment. Most of previous studies have only concentrated on protecting the confidential communi-cations at both the transmitters and the receivers and little attention has been paid on investigating the eavesdropping behaviors done by the malicious nodes. We therefore investigate the eavesdropping success rate of eavesdroppers equipped with various antenna models under various channels conditions, such as the path loss effect and the shadow fading effect. In particular, we formulate the eavesdropping attack problem with consideration of both simplistic directional antenna models and realistic antenna models. We then conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the eavesdropping success rate with different eavesdroppers. Our simulation results show that the eavesdropping success rate heavily depends on both the antenna models and the channel conditions. 1
Factors Affecting the Extent of Monday Blues: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A meta-analysis of 34 samples identified a small but reliable “Monday blues” effect (−.08≤ d≤−.06) in samples reporting current or real-time moods for each day of the week. However, the size of the effect in samples reporting recalled summaries of moods experienced over the course of a day varied depending on whether the sample involved university students or nonstudents. University students reporting recalled summaries of daily moods showed a large Monday blues effect ( d = −.25), whereas married men who were not students reported smaller effects with greater variance (−.19≤ d≤−.01). The 34 samples reporting recalled summaries of moods experienced over multiple days produced effects ranging from −.25 to −1.28, but the variance among these samples was too great to estimate an aggregate d statistic.
[Performance of point-of-care testing for cervical cancer screening].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the performance of point-of-care testing for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions screening. Methods: In September 2020, 197 and 273 women were selected by using simple random sampling method from "self-sampling" cohort and "physician-sampling" cohort established in Xiangyuan county, Shanxi Province, China, respectively. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected by women themselves or gynecologists. All samples were detected by POCT and women with positive result were directly referred for colposcopy. Subsequently, all the samples were detected by careHPV and PCR test. Colposcopy and punch biopsy were performed for women with POCT negative but careHPV or PCR test positive at another visit. Using histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and drew the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The accuracy of POCT was analyzed and compared to that of careHPV and conventional PCR test in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions screening. Results: The median (Q1 , Q3) age of 470 women was 51 (45, 57) years old. Based on self-sampling, the sensitivity and specificity of POCT for CIN2+ were 100.00% (95%CI: 56.56%-100.00%) and 28.95% (95%CI: 22.97%-35.76%), respectively. Compared with POCT, POCT HPV16/18 test had similar sensitivity and higher specificity of 89.47% (95%CI: 84.30%-93.08%). Self-sampling POCT HPV16/18 test had an AUC of 0.947 (95%CI:0.910-0.985), which was higher than that of careHPV and PCR test. Physician-sampling POCT test had 100.00% sensitivity (95%CI: 64.57%-100.00%) and 55.85% specificity (95%CI: 49.83%-61.70%) for detecting CIN2+. POCT HPV16/18 test had lower sensitivity (71.43%, 95%CI: 35.90%-91.76%) and higher specificity (92.45%, 95%CI: 88.63%-95.06%). POCT HPV16/18 test generally showed similar AUC on both self-collected samples and clinician-collected samples (0.947 vs 0.819, P=0.217). Conclusion: POCT HPV16/18 test is an effective method with relatively high sensitivity and specificity for cervical cancer screening.
Towards Sustainable Fuels & Chemicals. Assessment for the development of biobased production processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fuels and chemicals play an important role in our society by meeting a range of mobility and material needs. However, their production requires large amounts of energy and, together with the use phase and with waste management, they cause a large environmental footprint. It is therefore paramount that we move towards a more sustainable system for the production and use of fuels and chemicals. The development of new biobased production routes for fuels and chemicals presents an interesting opportunity to usher in this transformation. Tapping this opportunity has been the central goal of this Phd research that was conducted within the CatchBio program in the Netherlands. The approach followed involved connecting system level sustainability assessment (involving economics, environmental impacts, hazards, risks etc.) with early research and development (R&D) of chemical production routes. In this thesis, assessment methods (e.g. 5-pillar) and techniques (e.g. life cycle assessment) are explored, evaluated and applied using case studies that include novel biobased production routes being developed within the CatchBio program. The results demonstrate exciting new insights to couple early R&D for chemical processes with sustainability assessment. These insights can be used to design and develop chemical processes that are inherently more sustainable. Large scale implementation of such chemical processes will ensure that we continue to meet our mobility and material needs in the long run without causing any adverse effects on our natural ecosystem.
CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration Capacity and Associated Aspects of the Most Promising Geologic Formations in the Rocky Mountain Region: Local-Scale Analyses

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of individual local-­scale CCS site characterization studies conducted in Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. These site-­ specific characterization analyses were performed as part of the “Characterization of Most Promising Sequestration Formations in the Rocky Mountain Region” (RMCCS) project. The primary objective of these local-­scale analyses is to provide a basis for regional-­scale characterization efforts within each state. Specifically, limits on time and funding will typically inhibit CCS projects from conducting high-­ resolution characterization of a state-­sized region, but smaller (< 10,000 km<sup>2</sup>) site analyses are usually possible, and such can provide insight regarding limiting factors for the regional-­scale geology. For the RMCCS project, the outcomes of these local-­scale studies provide a starting point for future local-­scale site characterization efforts in the Rocky Mountain region.
Exciton relaxation in carbon nanotubes via electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Covalent functionalization of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) introduces new photoluminescent emitting states. These states are spatially localized around functionalization sites and strongly red-shifted relative to the emission commonly observed from the CNT band-edge exciton state. A particularly important feature of these localized exciton states is that because the exciton is no longer free to diffusively sample photoluminescent quenching sites along the CNT length, its lifetime is significantly extended. We have recently demonstrated that an important relaxation channel of such localized excitons is the electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer (EVET). This process is analogous to the Förster resonance energy transfer except the final state of this process is not electronically, but vibrationally excited molecules of the surrounding medium (e.g., solvent). In this work, we develop a theory of EVET for a nanostructure of arbitrary shape and apply it to the specific case of EVET-mediated relaxation of defect-localized excitons in a covalently functionalized CNT. The resulting EVET relaxation times are in good agreement with experimental data.
An Economic Impact Analysis of the Nursery and Landscaping Industry in Washington State

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study shows the economic impact of the Washington State Nursery, Plant Materials and Landscaping industries on the Washington State economy. The analysis in this paper is based on 2002 Census of Agriculture and Census of Industry data, up-dated to 2005 and integrated into an IMPLAN based input-output (IO) model. The economic impact measured in this study relates only to Green Industry production and distribution sourced in the State of Washington. That is, the source of the product or service is firms located in Washington. Measured in 2002 dollars, the economic (direct and indirect) impact of the Green Industry in Washington is estimated to be $2.48 billion in sales and over 43, 000 jobs. This report is organized as follows: In section 1, we give a brief overview of the study. In section 2, we present a brief literature review of other state studies made on Green Industry and their estimated economic impact. In section 3, we summarize the overall structure of Green Industry. In section 4 we discuss the research methodology. In section 5 we review the economic impact of Green Industry on the Washington economy as measured in our study, and section 6 concludes.
Inside front cover: Influence of Storage Conditions on MALDI‐TOF MS Profiling of Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Implications on the Role of S100A8 and S100A9 for Clinical and Proteomic based Diagnostic Investigations

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500328 The various steps of the study are graphically presented in the cover design: from the collection and handling of gingival fluid, to storage and MALDI-TOF analysis. In particular, in vitro changes of protein S100A8 and S100A9 over the endogenous peptide profile vs different storage conditions are highlighted. In addition, the image of the comparison plot of peak number vs. storage time and temperature can be seen. For more details see the article by Mariaimmacolata Preianò et al. on page 1033.
Intergrain connectivity of MgB2 ceramics studied by impedance analysis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

First, by using of the conventional Rowell analysis, we demonstrated that the addition of nano BN particles can effectively eliminate MgO and pores in MgB2 resulting in a very high density and good connectivity of BN-doped MgB2. Then, another method—low-frequency dielectric impedance analysis—was introduced to characterize the properties of the grain boundaries of MgB2. A comparative impedance study was performed in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 MHz on pure and nano BN-doped MgB2. The study revealed some following interesting results: (1) a dielectric resonance around frequency of 108 in both samples was observed, which was argued to be related to an inductance-capacitance and (2) the pure sample has two dielectric relaxations originating from intergrains, while the doped sample has only one intergranular contribution. This convinces that the electric connectivity of the doped sample is really improved by the addition of nano BN particles. Our results indicate that dielectric technique may be a useful tool to characterize the grain boundary properties and grain boundary-related properties of MgB2.
Changes in blood monocyte Toll‐like receptor and serum surfactant protein A reveal a pathophysiological mechanism for community‐acquired pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The lung is one of the target organs of microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus ( DM ); patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) are vulnerable to pneumonia, and a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms has been described. Aim This study aimed to determine the pathophysiological mechanism of community‐acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) in T2DM patients. Methods A total of 90 individuals was included in this study comprised of three groups ( n = 30): healthy control, T2DM and T2DM + CAP groups. Toll‐like receptor ( TLR )2 and 4 protein and messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes( PBMC ) was assessed by western blot and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, respectively, and surfactant protein A ( SP ‐A) levels were examined in serum samples by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results In T2DM and T2DM + CAP groups, levels of both TLR2 /4 protein and mRNA in PBMC were decreased compared with controls ( P <0.05), with lower levels observed in the T2DM + CAP group in comparison with T2DM patients ( P <0.05). The serum SP ‐A levels in T2DM + CAP individuals were significantly higher than the values obtained for T2DM patients ( P <0.05). It also showed apparent increases when compared with that in controls although no statistical significance was detected. Conclusion In T2DM patients with pneumonia, TLR2 /4 levels in PBMC and serum SP ‐A were altered, maybe playing an important role in the susceptibility to pneumonia in T2DM patients.
Spent Mushroom Substrates Influence Soil Quality and Nitrogen Availability in a Semiarid Vineyard Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two spent mushroom substrates (fresh, F-SMS, and composted in aerobic conditions, C-SMS) were annually applied for 4 yr at two different rates (8 and 25 Mg ha-1 as dry matter) to a vineyard soil (Typic Haploxerept) located near Logroño (Ebro Valley, La Rioja, Spain). Soil samples were collected at three depths (0-5, 5-15 and 15-25 cm), and analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC), water-soluble carbon (WSC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), N-NO3- and exchangeable N-NH 4+, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil CO2 evolution (SR), β-glucosidase activity (GLU) and soil mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The highest rate of F-SMS and C-SMS (25 Mg ha-1) increased SOC, total nitrogen (Total N), and labile organic forms (WSC and PMN) at 0- to 5- and 5- to 15-cm soil depth and microbiological activity (MBC and GLU) at 5- to 15-cm soil depth. There were no differences in soil CO2 emissions between F-SMS and C-SMS amendments. Applications of SMS did not increase the soil aggregation but increased the content of inorganic N in the soil surface (0- to 5-cm depth) layer. Factor analysis showed the positive relationship between labile organic matter fractions and N availability. Finally, application of SMS to semiarid vineyard soils facilities SMS recycling with simultaneous improvement in soil quality indicators related to labile organic matter and microbiologic activity. However, increased PMN and soil N-NO3- indicate a potential risks for N leaching from SMS amendments that should be further evaluated.
Optimum Membrane for Formic Acid Electro Oxidation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs) have attracted interest as alternative energy sources. Formic acid is abundant as it is a by-product of acetic acid and formamide industrial production or it can be obtained from the oxidation of biomass. In addition, due to the capacity to use high concentrations of fuel, DFAFCs are effective at room temperature. This is due to the low permeability of the fuel through the membrane when compared to other liquid fuel Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems such as Direct Methanol Fuel Cells where fuel crossover is a problem. DFAFCs can generate power densities of ~85 mW/cm 2 outperforming Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) with power densities of ~50 mW/cm 2 . However, no fundamental studies of the intrinsic conductivity and stability of the PEM have been carried out with formic acid. Understanding how the PEM behaves under such highly acidic conditions is vital for ensuring the long-term performance and durability of such fuel cells, should they be used on a wider scale. A comparative analysis of proton exchange membranes of the Nafion family was carried out and the intrinsic conductivity, dimensional stability as well as its operational temperature was observed for its use in formic acid fuel cells. From the results obtained a high performance was observed using a polytetrafluoroethylene reinforce membrane (Nafion XL). The membrane displayed a higher resistance to dimensional change when exposed to a wide range of formic acid concentrations, showing a maximum increase of 10% of its planar dimension while other membranes such as Nafion 117&115 had a significantly higher increase up to 45%. Results indicated that a reinforced membrane could be more suitable for DFAFCs, not only by possessing a higher dimensional stability but also due to it having a higher hydrophobicity due to the reinforcement and the lower content of sulfonic groups present in the copolymer. These changes would address the dehydration of the membrane, a factor substantially affecting the performance of the cell. This dehydration is known to be the result of an osmotic drag occurring from the anode to the cathode of the cell, added to the low content of water present in the reservoir result of the high concentration of the fuel feed. From the studies carried out, Nafion XL also presented a lower dehydration than the commonly used Nafion membranes allowing it to reach higher current densities and power densities. At the same time by comparing the individual Nyquist plots obtained by the electrical impedance spectroscopy for the different membranes, it was evident that the overall resistivity of the reinforced membrane was substantially lower and its proton conductivity higher making it a more adequate membrane for direct formic acid fuel cells.
Industry track: next generation airline information using consumer devices to keep passengers informed and as an additional channel to market

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The airline industries are going through a period of change and face many challenges to keep consumers loyal to their services and to offer differential services with low production cost. The rise of J2ME mobile phones presents an opportunity and a challenge to airline companies, the chance to increase information available to passengers to reduce dissatisfaction, and the challenge of how to produce applications for a wide variety of devices. It also enables companies to offer additional services via an application that is resident on the consumer's own phone. Using the security and storage options available on J2ME devices, airlines, and other companies can use mobile phones as a mechanism to enable "least resistance" selling. This paper details how one prototyping exercise demonstrated how J2ME mobile phones, both on the original MIDP 1.0 and the more advanced MIDP 2.0 offered a clear business and cost advantage to one UK based airline. Hopefully by the time this paper is read the prototypes will be functioning systems that are being used by consumers.
Two Distinct Transitions in a Population of Coupled Oscillators with Turnover: Desynchronization and Stochastic Oscillation Quenching

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Synchronization, which is caused by mutual coupling, and turnover, which is the replacement of old components with new ones, are observed in various open systems consisting of many components. Although these phenomena can co-occur, the interplay of coupling and turnover has been overlooked. Here, we analyze coupled phase oscillators with turnover and reveal that two distinct transitions occur, depending on both coupling and turnover: desynchronization and what we name stochastic oscillation quenching. Importantly, the latter requires both the turnover and coupling to be sufficiently intense.
The feasibility and safety of "one-stop" left atrial appendage closure and percutaneous coronary intervention in atrial fibrillation patients with significant coronary artery disease (PCI-LAAC study).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this pilot study, "one-stop" LAAC with PCI was shown to be efficacious with no stroke, MI, VARC-2 major bleeding or CV death reported over a mean follow-up of 19 months, and safe with no major peri-procedural bleeding or device related complications.
Effectiveness of Predatory Mites, Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Proliferated on Natural Enemy Preservation Plants in Suppressing the Population Density of Kanzawa Spider Mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Tea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated the control of Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida on tea by utilizing “natural enemy preservation plants”. The plants were used as hosts for the growth of the predatory mite Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha). First, we screened for plants on which N. womersleyi would proliferate, using Tetranychus urticae Koch as the non-pest prey, and identified Tithonia rotundifolia as a candidate natural enemy preservation plant. Next, we tested the effectiveness of T. rotundifolia for supporting a population of N. womersleyi and thus suppressing the population density of T. kanzawai on tea. When T. urticae were released onto T. rotundifolia growing at the edge of a tea field, the population density of N. womersleyi increased and the dispersal of N. womersleyi towards the middle of the tea field was observed. In addition, the density of T. kanzawai in the test plot was lower than in the control plot. These results suggest that N. womersleyi proliferated on natural enemy preservation plants suppressed the population density of T. kanzawai and that T. rotundifolia is effective as a natural enemy preservation plant.