jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Re-enchanting the world: Maya Protestantism in the Guatemalan highlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What does it mean to be both Maya and Protestant in Guatemala? Burgeoning religious pluralism in Mesoamerica and throughout Latin America is evident as Protestantism permeates a region that had been overwhelmingly Catholic for nearly five centuries. In considering the interplay between contemporary Protestant practice and native cultural traditions among Maya evangelicals, Samson documents the processes whereby some Maya have converted to new forms of Christianity and the ways in which the Maya are incorporating Christianity for their own purposes. At the intersection of religion and cultural pluralism, contemporary evangelicals focus on easing the tension between Maya identity and the Protestant insistence that old ways must be left behind in the conversion process. Against the backdrop of the 36-year civil war that ended in 1996 and the rise of the indigenous Maya Movement in the late 1980s, this work provides a unique portrait of social movements, cultural and human rights, and the role that religion plays in relation to the nation-state in post-conflict political processes. Re-enchanting the World fills a niche within the anthropological literature on evangelicals in Latin America during a time of significant social change.
Finite volume schemes of any order on rectangular meshes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we analyze vertex-centered finite volume method (FVM) of any order for elliptic equations on rectangular meshes. The novelty is a unified proof of the inf-sup condition, based on which, we show that the FVM approximation converges to the exact solution with the optimal rate in the energy norm. Furthermore, we discuss superconvergence property of the FVM solution. With the help of this superconvergence result, we find that the FVM solution also converges to the exact solution with the optimal rate in the $L^2$-norm. Finally, we validate our theory with several numerical experiments.
Effect of Surface Texturing Parameters on the Lubrication Characteristics of an Axial Piston Pump Valve Plate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a geometrical model of different microtextures is established for an axial piston pump valve plate. A finite differential method was used to solve the Reynolds equation for the oil film thickness and pressure, which were simulated under different microtextures. The influence of microtexture shape and structure on performance was studied and optimal parameters sought. Different convergence gaps are formed by different microtexture radii, and they produce different hydrodynamic effects. The lubrication characteristics of the valve plate are better when a microtexture is used and are influenced by the type of microtexture. We reached the following conclusions: (1) The lubrication characteristics of the valve plate are influenced by different microtexture parameters and can be improved by optimizing the microtexture parameters; (2) There is an optimal parameter combination when adding microtexture with three shapes (spherical, cylindrical and square) and the optimal dimensionless oil film pressure lubrication characteristics can be obtained; (3) The degree of improvement in the dimensionless oil film pressure lubrication characteristics was (listed from highest to lowest): micro-hemispherical texture > micro-cylindrical texture > micro-square texture.
In vitro effects of PCDDs/Fs on NK-like cell activity of Eisenia andrei earthworms

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In this study, we assessed<em> in vitro</em> the effects of PCDD/Fs on the NK-like cell activity in<em> Eisenia andrei</em> earthworms using flow cytometry for analysis. NK-like coelomocytes isolated from <em>E. andrei</em> and used as effectors were exposed to various concentrations of PCDDs/Fs mixture, C1 (6.25x10-3 ng 2378- TCDD/mL), C2 (12.5x10-3 ng 2378-TCDD/mL) and C3 (25x10-3 ng 2378-TCDD/mL), before adding them to human tumoral cells (K562) used as targets. We evaluated the percentage of targets lysed by Nk-like cells. The results showed a significant stimulation of the NKlike activity at C3 when PCDD/Fs were not removed from effectors before contact with targets, while no effects were noted when the effectors were washed (PCDD/Fs removed) or fixed. Assessment of the viability of the targets (K562), exposed alone and separately from effectors, to the three concentrations of PCDD/Fs, C1, C2 and C3, showed that all these concentrations were cytotoxic for K562. Results suggest that PCDD/Fs concentrations tested in this assay may be considered too low to induce suppressive effects on the immune function such as the NK-like activity in <em>E. andrei</em> earthworms.
Patients with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease - the possibility of applying cell adhesion molecule as a predictor of disease progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective : to study the level of type 1 vascular endothelial adhesion molecule in patients with coronary heart disease depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease. Material and methods : the study included 115 patients, mean age was 67.56±12.42 years (63 men, 52 women) with ischemic heart disease (CAD), stable angina (tension), functional class 1–3, chronic kidney disease (CKD) C1–C3. The level of the vascular endothelial adhesion molecule type 1 (VCAM 1) was assessed using the enzyme immunoassay kit for the quantitative determination of human VCAM 1 ThermoFisher scientific. Results : in patients with CAD and CKD, the level of serum VCAM 1 progressively increases as angina pectoris worsens and can be regarded as an early marker of CAD progression. The level of VCAM 1 does not depend on the stage of CKD. When studying the correlation relationships between the level of serum VCAM 1 and clinical and laboratory data, it was found that there is a correlation relationship between VCAM 1 and the level of SBP and DBP. Conclusion : in patients with CAD and CKD, it is advisable to use the determination of the level of VCAM 1 to identify patients with a high risk of cardiovascular complications.
CHARITY AS A SOURCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

В статті розглянуто особливості становлення та формування благодійності у системі суспільного розвитку. Визначено, що трансформація форм, принципів, механізмів, напрямів, технологій, соціальних пріоритетів та результатів благодійної діяльності відбувалась під впливом політичних, ідеологічних, правових, економічних, соціальних чинників. Показано основні тенденції функціонування благодійності в Україні. Проведено аналіз видів благодійності, категорій отримувачів та витрат за сферами надання благодійної допомоги у 2015–2018 роках. Обґрунтовано доцільність застосування потенціалу благодійності як джерела фінансових ресурсів соціального захисту населення та пріоритетного напряму державної політики у сфері доброчинності. Доведено, що благодійництво ефективно взаємодіючи з інституціями влади, підприємницькими структурами та громадськими організаціями здатне брати на себе місію вирішення частини тих нагальних соціальних проблем, які держава намагається вирішувати відповідно до запитів суспільства.
Dynamic characteristic analysis of closing process for the reverse check valve

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to reduce the water hammering and the impact between the valve head and seat when the check valve of the power unit is being switched,the reverse check valve,in which the direction of the valve head is opposite to the moving direction of the fluid,is proposed in this paper. The dynamic mesh technique in FLUENT is applied to simulate the inner flow field in the reverse check valve,which can solve the problem of the flow field changing instantly when the check valve is closing. Through the Euler explicit formulation of Newton's Second Law,the changing of the flow rate,force and velocity with the time is obtained,which can deduce the working state of the valve head and seat. The results of the experiment verify the theoretical analysis. The results of the simulation and experiment show that the dynamic mesh technique can simulate the inner flow field of the check valve,and the reverse check valve can close reliably at a low flow rate.
Factors in Pa thogenesis and the Results of Long-Term Treatment with Oral Phosphate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A forty year old man had extensive, severe osteomalacia, with clinical onset at age thirty-two. Clinical and chemical studies of the family were noncontributory. 1 he distinctive findings in mineral metabolism were deficient absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract (evaluated isotopically), normocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and a marked increase in the clearance of phosphate (reduced to normal by the stimulus of a calcium infusion) and increased retention of infused calcium. Urinar) hydroxyproline excretion, which was increased, could also be reduced by the hypercalcemia. This sequence suggests that the cause of the hypophosphatemia was a secondary hyperparathyroidism due to the defective gastrointestinal absorption of calcium, with resultant hyperphosphaturia. Long-term treatment with oral phosphorus as the only therapy brought about clinical and chemical improvement, concomitantly with normalization of gastrointestinal absorption of calcium. Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels showed a gradual and parallel fall. whereas serum phosphate increased to normal values.
Modelling non-linear Spatial Market Integration and Equilibrium Processes in Hidden Markov Framework

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Along the basic rationale of the Enke-Samuelson-Takajama-Judge spatial equilibrium theory and the dynamic conceptualizations made from arbitrage processes, the study explores regime-switching techniques in hidden Markov framework. This is motivated by complex non-linear structure inherent in market integration processes, which is derived from multiple equilibria conditions, and transaction costs constrained threshold autoregressive (TAR) effects. These place theoretical limitations on current time series empirical models that are applied in market integration studies. In equilibrium representation, the non-linearities imposed by both alternating rent levels and switching adjustment parameters are directly accommodated. Two synthesized time series market data sets of varying levels of non-linear structures are used to highlight the strengths and limitations of the Markov variants vis-Ã -vis the band-TAR models that have currently dominated market integration analysis. The former model could capture alternating adjustment processes implied by the relatively complex non-linear market data set while the later produced mixed results.
ONLINE INTERVENTION WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR PATIENTS FROM BRAZILIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS PERSPECTIVE: PRELIMINARY REMARKS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As repercussões psicossociais da pandemia de COVID-19 podem elevar a vulnerabilidade dos indivíduos ao comportamento suicida, gerando novas demandas para psicoterapeutas, que tiveram que se adaptar à modalidade online.O atendimento remoto a pessoas e grupos em situação de urgência/emergência era considerado inadequado, mas com a pandemia esta restrição foi provisoriamente suspensa.Delineamos um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, com base no referencial da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, com objetivo de compreender as perceções de psicólogas(os) sobre o atendimento online a pacientes com comportamento suicida durante a pandemia.Participaram da amostragem inicial 10 psicólogas(os), foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, cujos dados foram analisados para direcionamento da amostragem teórica.Organizamos três categorias: (1) Vivenciando a pandemia e suas repercussões na vida pessoal: os participantes relataram suas experiências pessoais, para além da questão profissional; (2) Adaptando-se ao atendimento online: abordaram as mudanças, dificuldades e benefícios percebidos com a transição do modelo de cuidado;(3) Manejando o comportamento suicida de forma remota: foram consideradas especificidades e desafios da demanda e estratégias para conduzir o processo à distância.Vislumbramos que a intervenção online se descortina como possibilidade viável no manejo do comportamento suicida, especialmente em contextos de difícil acesso a serviços de saúde mental, mas não substitui a presencialidade em determinadas situações de risco.
Nutrients uptake by maize roots: vertical distribution of uptake rates during the vegetation period

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This contribution presents a proposal of semiempirical method to estimate vertical profiles of nutrients uptake rate by plant roots, based on results of field measurements of soil â plant â atmosphere continuum (SPAC). The transport of chemicals in porous media can be described by convection-dispersion equation, containing sink term, characterising the solute (nutrients) uptake by roots. To determine this sink term was the aim of presented study. The data â necessary for determination of nutrients uptake rate profiles â during plants ontogenesis were acquired by measurement in the field site with maize canopy, near Trnava locality, South Slovakia. The proposed method of vertical profiles of nutrients uptake calculation is based on the estimated direct proportionality between nutrients uptake rate (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and transpiration intensity during ten days time intervals. Shorter time interval is not recommended to be utilised, because estimation errors are comparable to the changes of estimated values of nutrients concentration in plants. A nutrient uptake rates profiles can be determined using the Eq. (9), knowing water uptake rate profiles and the ratio of transpiration flux and particular nutrient uptake rate. The nutrient uptake rate profile calculated by the proposed method can be incorporated into the convection-dispersion equation and is used to model nutrient transport in the soil, taking into account uptake of particular nutrients by plants, during the vegetation period. Comparison of nitrogen uptake rates estimated from field measurements and those, calculated by the presented method shows significant differences in some cases, but seems to be applicable for mathematical modelling of nutrients uptake by plants.
MicroRNA: A Mobile Signal Mediating Information Exchange within and beyond Plant Organisms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This review encapsulates the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs), small endogenous noncoding RNAs, in mediating information exchange within plant organisms and between plants and diverse biological organisms. The mobility of miRNAs is focused upon various contexts, such as intraplant and interplant communication, grafting, and within parasitic plant complexes. Furthermore, the movement of miRNAs between plants and pathogens, as well as their transfer from plants to insects, is explored, underlining their broader biological significance. The possible mechanisms of miRNA mobility are summarized, including plasmodesmata (PD)-mediated, vesicle-mediated, and phloem-based transport, which are thoroughly examined. Finally, we discuss and summarize the biotechnological and agricultural applications of mobile miRNAs in crop improvement and disease resistance, pointing out future research directions and unresolved questions in the field.
Coumarin 7‐hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes. Properties of the enzyme and interspecies comparisons.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Coumarin 7‐hydroxylation and other cytochrome P‐450‐associated enzyme activities were studied in human liver biopsy homogenates and compared with activities in livers of other species. Coumarin 7‐hydroxylation is extraordinarily active in human liver biopsy samples in vitro. Activity is lower in mouse, rabbit or guinea pig liver and essentially absent in rat liver. Cytochrome P‐450 content and other associated enzyme activities were higher in animals. Coumarin 7‐hydroxylation is induced by phenobarbitone in mouse liver, but no significant increase was seen in human or rat liver after exposure to inducers. Correlations amongst coumarin 7‐hydroxylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase and cytochrome P‐450 are statistically significant (r values from 0.56 to 0.73), but do not permit the conclusion, that the same P‐450 form catalyzes all the reactions studied. The correlations between coumarin hydroxylation and antipyrine half‐life or clearance are statistically significant, but not good enough for predictive purposes. Coumarin 7‐hydroxylase in human liver is inhibited by alpha‐ naphthoflavone, SKF 525A, metyrapone and aniline.
Analysis of DNA changes in the LPL gene in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common lipid disorder characterized by an increase in cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels in multiple individuals of the same family. Prior reports document a decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in FCHL, and studies of the role of LPL in the remodeling of nascent lipoproteins suggest that disturbances in LPL function could underlie FCHL. We studied the LPL gene in 31 unrelated individuals with FCHL. A total of 25 DNA changes (13 "silent" substitutions and 12 DNA changes resulting in amino acid substitutions) were detected in 16 patients. Three new exonic polymorphisms as well as a previously described Ser447-->stop and an Asp9-->Asn substitution were seen with similar frequency on control and FCHL chromosomes. Two novel DNA changes resulting in an Asp21-->Val and an His44-->Tyr substitution were seen in only two FCHL individuals. In vitro studies showed no effect of these mutations on LPL catalytic activity. LPL mutations impairing catalytic activity did not represent a significant factor leading to FCHL in this population. Variations in any portion of the coding region of the LPL gene affecting other functions besides catalysis are not a frequent cause of FCHL.
Serum Androgen Bioactivity in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of Boys with Constitutional Delay of Puberty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have examined the relationship between serum androgen bioactivity, as measured with a recombinant cell bioassay, and progression of puberty in 14 boys with constitutional delay of puberty. Six boys were followed up without treatment (control group), and eight boys received low-dose (1 mg/kg) testosterone enanthate im for 0-6 months together with an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, 2.5 mg orally once a day for 0-12 months (treatment group). In the control group, serum androgen bioactivity increased during the course of puberty (P < 0.001). During 0-12 months of the study, the boys in the treatment group had higher androgen bioactivity levels (P < 0.05) and faster rate of pubic hair growth than the control boys (P < 0.05). Overall, the average serum androgen bioactivity during 12 months of follow-up correlated strongly with the concomitant changes in Tanner genital (r(S) = 0.89; n = 13; P < 0.005) and pubic hair stages (r(S) = 0.79; n = 13; P < 0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that circulating androgen bioactivity mediates the tempo of pubertal maturation and that the combination of testosterone and letrozole given to boys with constitutional delay of puberty accelerates puberty.
Learning By Collaborative Teaching: An Engaging Multi-Party CoWriter Activity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of a novel and engaging collaborative learning activity for handwriting where a group of participants simultaneously tutor a Nao robot. This activity was intended to take advantage of both collaborative learning and the learning by teaching paradigm to improve children’s meta-cognition (perception of their own skills). Multiple engagement probes were integrated into the activity as a first step towards fostering long term interactions. As a lot of research targets social interactions, the goal here was to determine whether an engagement strategy focused on the task could be as, or more efficient than one focused on social interactions and participants’ introspection. To that effect, two engagement strategies were implemented. They differed in content but used the same multi-modal design in order to increase participants’ meta-cognitive reflection, once on the task and performances, and once on participants’ enjoyment and emotions. Both strategies were compared to a baseline by probing and assessing engagement at the individual and group level, along the behavioural, emotional and cognitive dimensions, in a between subject experiment with 12 groups of children. The experiments showed that the collaborative task pushed the children to adapt their manner of writing to the group, even though the adopted solution was not always correct. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the strategies in terms of behaviour on task (behavioural engagement), satisfaction (emotional engagement) or performance (cognitive engagement) as the group dynamics had a stronger impact on the outcome of the collaborative teaching task. Therefore, the task and social engagement strategies can be considered as efficient in the context of collaboration. © 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Development of Life Goal Pursuit Scale for Adolescents and Adults Based on Expectancy×Value Theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

목적 본 연구에서는 기대×가치 이론에 근거하여 청소년들의 생애목표를 내재적-자기초월 목표, 내재적-자기초점 목표, 외재적 목표로 유형화하여 목표 중요성, 목표 기대, 지각된 성취를 측정하는 생애목표추구 척도를 개발하여 이를 타당화하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 25개의 생애목표를 선별하여 전문가 협의를 거쳐 75개 문항을 확정하였다. 예비조사에 10대 청소년 207명이 참여하였고, 본 조사에 10대 청소년 308명, 20대 이상 성인 301명이 참여하였다. 결과 개발된 척도의 타당도를 분석한 결과, 문항내적합치도, 구인타당도(수렴·판별·법칙 타당도), 준거타당도, 공인타당도 모두 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 성인 집단과의 교차 타당도 검증 결과 또한 양호하여, 본 척도를 성인집단에서도 활용할 수 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 마지막으로 내재적 목표는 삶 만족도와 정적 관련성을 가지는 것으로 나타났고, 내재적 목표 중, 즐거움과 자극 추구, 자기개발과 성장 목표는 청소년 집단이, 영성과 종교성, 전통보전 등의 목표는 성인집단이 높게 나타나 생애목표추구에서 발달적 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. 결론 개발된 생애목표추구 척도는 기대×가치 이론에 부합한 척도로서 신뢰도 및 타당도가 양호하여 10대 청소년뿐 아니라 20대 이상의 성인에게도 활용 가능하다.
Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage and arterial blood pressure fluctuation in the critically ill preterm infant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) fluctuations and peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) were studied in 44 premature infants. Twenty-two infants were treated with pancuronium. ABP waveforms were continuously monitored at 100 Hz, the coefficient of variation of systolic pressure (CVS) was measured by every 50 waveforms, and the percentage of recording time during which CVS was above 5% or above 10% was calculated in each patient. Results indicate that (1) pancuronium administration does not reduce the PIVH incidence, (2) that ABP fluctuation is similar whether PIVH is present or not, and (3) that pancuronium is highly efficient in maintaining a stable ABP pattern.< >
Electric Probe Measurements on Dielectric Image Lines in the Frequency Range of 26-90 GHz

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electric-field probes, using miniature semirigid coaxial cable in connection with standard metal waveguide detectors, are described and shown to be well-suited for direct standing wave measurements on dielectric image lines. Experiments in the frequency range of 26-90 GHz for the detemination of phase and attenuation constants of image lines as well as experiments for the determination of very small reflections from matched dielectric image-line terminations and the scattering coefficients of dielectric image-line discontinuities are described.