jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The ADPKD genespkd1a/bandpkd2regulate extracellular matrix formation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Mutations in polycystin1 (PKD1) account for the majority of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PKD1 mutations are also associated with vascular aneurysm and abdominal wall hernia, suggesting a role for polycystin1 in extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. In zebrafish, combined knockdown of the PKD1 paralogs pkd1a and pkd1b resulted in dorsal axis curvature, hydrocephalus, cartilage and craniofacial defects, and pronephric cyst formation at low frequency (10–15%). Dorsal axis curvature was identical to the axis defects observed in pkd2 knockdown embryos. Combined pkd1a/b, pkd2 knockdown demonstrated that these genes interact in axial morphogenesis. Dorsal axis curvature was linked to notochord collagen overexpression and could be reversed by knockdown of col2a1 mRNA or chemical inhibition of collagen crosslinking. pkd1a/b- and pkd2-deficient embryos exhibited ectopic, persistent expression of multiple collagen mRNAs, suggesting a loss of negative feedback signaling that normally limits collagen gene expression. Knockdown of pkd1a/b also dramatically sensitized embryos to low doses of collagen-crosslinking inhibitors, implicating polycystins directly in the modulation of collagen expression or assembly. Embryos treated with wortmannin or LY-29400 also exhibited dysregulation of col2a1 expression, implicating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the negative feedback signaling pathway controlling matrix gene expression. Our results suggest that pkd1a/b and pkd2 interact to regulate ECM secretion or assembly, and that altered matrix integrity may be a primary defect underlying ADPKD tissue pathologies.
Nonlinear optical properties measurement of polypyrrole -carbon nanotubes prepared by an electrochemical polymerization method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the optical properties dependence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT) on concentration was discussed. MWNT samples were prepared in polypyrrole by an electrochemical polymerization of monomers, in the presence of different concentrations of MWNTs, using Sodium Dodecyl-Benzen-Sulfonate (SDBS) as surfactant at room temperature. The nonlinear refractive and nonlinear absorbtion indices were measured using a low power CW laser beam operated at 532 nm using z-scan method. The results show that nonlinear refractive and nonlinear absorbtion indices tend to be increased with increasing the concentration of carbon nanotubes. Optical properties of carbone nanotubes indicate that they are good candidates for nonlinear optical devices
SiCf/SiC Composite: Attainment Methods, Properties and Characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Silicon carbide exists in several polymorphic forms (over 150) and in each case, the bond between the Si and C is always tetrahedral. The simplest form is silicon carbide (SiC) in a cubic zinc blend structure, also called 3C-SiC or -SiC. The other polymorphs are a hexagonal network and are known as 2H-SiC, 4H-SiC, 6H-SiC shown in Figure 1, and all are listed as -SiC (Ching et al., 2006; Camassel, 2000).
Psychological Processes in Breast Cancer

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Breast cancer is a process that has a profound psychological impact on one in nine American women and their families. Despite pervasive depression in women during breast cancer surgery and treatment, a woman's psychological state before breast cancer is one of the best predictors of adjustment to the disease one year after surgery. Successful adjustment is found in women who believe they can control the disease process through changes in their lifestyle and who have support from family, friends, and health care professionals. A review of the psychological effects of treatment for breast cancer, coping styles as prognostic indicators of survival, and interpersonal factors that affect adjustment to the disease suggests that coping styles and psychological distress should he included as prognostic indicators. Attention to these psychosocial factors by medical personnel will empower women to control the disease process and thereby modify the impact of breast cancer.
Carbon metabolism enzymes of rhozobium meliloti cultures and bacteroids and their distribution within alfalfa nodules

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Several carbon metabolism enzymes were measured in cultured cells and bacteroids of Rhizobium meliloti 102F51 and in alfalfa root nodule cytosol. The enzyme activity levels of the pentose phosphate pathway were much higher than those of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas or Entner-Doudoroff pathways in extracts of cultured cells. The pattern of enzyme activities in the bacteroids was different from that of cultured cells.
Neural evidence for persistent attentional bias to threats in patients with social anxiety disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Does the biased attention toward social threats dwells on or disappears in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD)? We investigated the neural mechanism of attentional bias in terms of attentional capture and holding in SAD. A total of 31 SAD patients and 30 healthy controls performed a continuous performance task detecting the orientation of a red letter 'T' while angry or neutral face distractors appeared or disappeared at the center of the screen. Behaviorally, typical attentional capture effects were found in response to abruptly appearing distractors in both groups. The patient group showed significant attentional dwelling effects in response to the angry face distractor only. Patients showed increased neural activity in the amygdala, insula/inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) compared with those of controls for the abruptly appearing angry distractor. Patients also maintained increased activities in brain regions related to attentional reorienting to distractor, namely the TPJ and IFG in line with their behavioral results of attentional holding effects. Our results indicate that patients with SAD showed prolonged attentional bias to task-irrelevant social threats. The underlying mechanism of prolonged attentional bias in SAD was indicated with amygdala hyperactivity and continued activity of the bottom-up attention network including the TPJ and IFG.
The Repercussions of COVID-19 Pandemic, its Socio-economic Changes, in the Jordanian Family and Ways to Prevent them (A Sociological Study)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic, its Socio-economic changes, in the Jordanian family and ways to prevent them A sociological study Abstract The current study aimed to identify the Socio-economic changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jordanian family from the point of view of university students and the role of the Jordanian family in preventing it. Social sample surveying approach and stratified random sampling were applied. The sample consisted of (215) male and female students. Descriptive approach (percentages, advanced statistical methods were used. The results revealed that there were significant changes caused by COVID-19 on Jordanian family, including social changes represented by lack of participation in social events motivated by mitigating the negative aspects of COVID-19 and the rise in social responsibility. The results showed a change in the rituals of mourning and marriage customs; also, an increase in media follow-up by family members. The results revealed educational burden on family regarding e-learning, and indicated that the COVID-19 affected, to a moderate degree, families in terms of social stigmatization. Regarding the economic changes, there were high level economic changes affecting the Jordanian family, such as the emergence of woman’s role in the family due to her increased production responsibilities, and new productive roles like producing bread and household products to reduce family members’ leaving house to preserve their health and reduce expenses. There were additional financial burdens shouldered by family which was satisfied with providing basic materials only.
Different Treatment Bagi Eksil Korban Peristiwa 1965 di Eropa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the differential treatment of so-called exiles, people who were sent abroad either to study or to work. During the events of 1965-1966, their passports were revoked. They lived by moving from one country to another in search of a "home" that would accommodate them. The exiles traveled to various countries, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Sweden and the United States. During this time, they experienced various difficulties, economically, socially and psychologically. Economically, they struggled to find work, socially, they experienced discrimination and psychologically, they were deeply traumatized and haunted by fear. The story of the suffering they experience contradicts the rights they should get as Indonesian citizens when they are abroad. The theoretical framework used is John Locke's liberalism, which clearly supports the equal rights of every citizen to ultimately create harmony between them. It is this equality of rights that this study aims to investigate. This research uses a qualitative approach that draws on literature, internet pages and interview narratives. As a result of the research, one of the exiles interviewed admitted that he was still proud to be an Indonesian citizen even though he did not get the same treatment as an Indonesian citizen.
The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extant biology uses RNA to record genetic information and proteins to execute biochemical functions. Nucleotides are translated into amino acids via transfer RNA in the central dogma. tRNA is essential in translation as it connects the codon and the cognate amino acid. To reveal how the translation emerged in the prebiotic context, we start with the structure and dissection of tRNA, followed by the theory and hypothesis of tRNA and amino acid recognition. Last, we review how amino acids assemble on the tRNA and further form peptides. Understanding the origin of life will also promote our knowledge of artificial living systems.
Przeszłość, teraźniejszość i przyszłość transportu kolejowego w Polsce. Uwarunkowania prawne i społeczno-gospodarcze

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Past, present and future of the rail transport in Poland. Legal and socio-economic conditions Given the key importance of rail transport for maintaining critical social or economic activity on a macro scale, actions aimed at strengthening the interoperability and modernisation of the rail system, implementing the concept of sustainable transport development or intermodality of transport services should be welcomed. The issues raised in this publication encourage reflection on the current situation in the rail transport services sector. There is no doubt that rail is one of the most popular means of transport for both people and goods. In the case of domestic transport, significant changes of an organisational, structural and technological nature took place almost 25 years ago. The breakthrough was the implementation of the Act of 8th of September 2000 on the commercialisation, restructuring and privatisation of the state-owned enterprise &ldquo;Polish State Railways&rdquo; (subsequently: the Act of 8th of September 2000 on the commercialisation and restructuring of the state-owned enterprise &ldquo;Polish State Railways&rdquo;, polish abbreviation: PKP). The strategic goals assumed not only strengthening the position (competitiveness) on the transport services market and improving the quality of transport but also the functioning of the internal structures of PKP. Therefore, it was decided to take action in the field of privatization, commercialization and restructuring. This led to the separation of management activities (railway infrastructure management) from transport activities (railway passenger and freight transport), and also gradually to the increasing fragmentation of PKP structures, which was to ensure a certain specialization of services. Unquestionably, political and socio-economic factors continue to play a huge role in shaping the activities of the rail transport sector. In this case, it is not only about modernization issues, but primarily legal and organizational ones. A special role is assigned to EU law regulations, including in the field of sustainable transport development or, in recent years, cybersecurity. Despite numerous legislative efforts, the condition of rail transport in the Republic of Poland is not fully satisfactory. The above is the result of a certain restructuring chaos, not always the right decisions made by entities directly managing companies and underfinancing of the transport services sector. The topic discussed in the publication is of theoretical and practical importance, it is extremely current, due to the current situation of the key entity of PKP S.A. &ndash; PKP CARGO S.A. &ndash; one of the largest rail freight operators in Europe, for which the so-called restructuring procedure was implemented in 2024. The work takes into account the legal status as 10th of September 2024.
Changes of Physicochemical Components and Antioxidant Activity of Aged Garlic at Different Temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

열처리 온도를 달리한 마늘의 이화학적 성분 및 항산화활성을 비교하고자 통마늘을 지퍼백에 400±20 g씩 넣어 60, 70, 80 및 90℃로 조절한 incubate에 숙성하면서 1, 3, 6일에 시료를 취하여 이화학적 분석을 실시하였으며 각 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능과 환원력을 통하여 항산화활성을 분석하였다. 열처리 온도를 달리하여 숙성한 마늘의 L, a 및 b값 모두 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성기간이 경과할수록 유의적으로 낮아졌는데, 60℃에서 6일간 숙성한 시료의 b값은 22.16±0.76이었으나 90℃ 숙성 시료는 1.35±0.21로 급격히 낮아졌다. 전단가의 경우 숙성 초기에는 90℃ 숙성 시료가 85.70±1.44 ㎝/㎏²로 가장 낮았으나 숙성기간이 경과할수록 경도가 증가하여 숙성 6일에는 411.30±13.90 ㎝/㎏²으로 증가하였다. 마늘의 pH는 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 산성화되었는데 6일숙성 후 60℃와 90℃ 시료의 pH는 각각 6.12와 3.90으로 큰차이를 보였다. 총페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량은 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 증가하여 숙성 6일 시료의 경우 60℃ 숙성 시료에 비하여 90℃ 숙성 시료에서 총페놀은 약 3.5배, 플라보노이드는 약 9.1배 더 높은 함량이었다. Total pyruvate의 경우 숙성 온도에 따라 증감의 경향이 서로 상이하여 60℃와 70℃ 숙성 시료에서는 숙성기간 1일과 6일을 비교할 때 더 감소하였으나 80℃와 90℃ 숙성 시료의 경우 숙성 6일에 오히려 그 값이 유의적으로 증가되었다. DPPH에 대한 항산화활성은 마늘의 숙성 온도가 높을수록, 숙성 기간이 경과할수록, 농도가 진할수록 증가하여 90℃, 6일 숙성 시료의 항산화활성은 87.48±0.20%로 타 시료의 43.61~55.76%보다 월등히 높았고 환원력도 이와 동일한 경향이었다. 이처럼 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것은 마늘의 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 갈변화 물질의 생성이 많아지고, 이에 따라 총페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 증가하는 것으로 볼 때 마늘 중의 항산화성 갈변 물질의 증가에 기인하는 결과로 판단된다.
Japan and Industrial Adjustment in Asia: Overproduction Problems in the Synthetic Fibre Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

he Japanese economy increasingly strengthened linkages with East Asian countries after the late 1980s.1 Major manufacturing firms have established production bases in almost every key East Asian country, and linked them systematically. Such intensive production networks strengthened trade linkages between Japan and East Asia. While the U.S. has been the primary trade partner forJapan, East Asia as a group surpassed the U.S. in trade in 1992 and has increased its share afterward. Moreover, sound development in the East Asian economies has a vital influence overall on Japanese industry. This was clearly shown in the Asian currency crisis in 1997-98. Japanese firms the most intensive among firms from developed countries in their advancement into East Asia suffered considerable losses
Transition Mechanism of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Between Gas-Like and Liquid-Like States

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In recent years, the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle has made great breakthroughs and has been applied to new energy fields such as solar heat and waste heat recovery. In the field of nuclear energy, the supercritical power cycle has the advantages of high efficiency, compact structure, and good compatibility with active media, so it has broad application prospects in the new generation of nuclear energy systems combined with high-temperature gas cooled reactors, sodium-cooled fast reactors, and even fusion reactors. Supercritical fluids are typically regarded as homogeneous, continuous, indistinguishable, single-phase substances without undergoing phase transitions. However, recent research has demonstrated the existence of a transition mechanism between gas-like and liquid-like structures within supercritical fluids. Considering that this structural transition may lead to the mixing of nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide within the pressurizer, this paper devised a straightforward visual experiment. The experiment investigated the characteristics of the interface between supercritical carbon dioxide and nitrogen under different pressure and temperature conditions. The results revealed that, under the same pressure, as the temperature rises, the interface between supercritical carbon dioxide and nitrogen evolves from being clear to gradually becoming blurry and ultimately vanishing. Under a pressure of approximately 7.7 MPa, nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide will completely mix at temperatures above 31 °C. To address the significant interference caused by this issue in thermal-hydraulic experiments, this paper also introduces an effective pressurizer design.
CSR and Financial Performance: The Case of Polish Small and Medium Manufacturers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financial performance. In particular, it looks at this relationship among Polish small and medium manufacturing companies that operate in food, beverage and cosmetics industries. The statistical analysis involves developing and testing structural model on the basis of data from a survey of 187 managers supplemented by validated financial metrics from an external database. The outcomes suggests the existence of a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between the CSR involvement construct and sales profit margin (β=0.2). However, CSR seems to have no discernible direct effect on ROA. The study, as the first project of this kind in Poland, adds to the sparse body of literature on financial outcomes of CSR in small and medium enterprises from emerging economies. Another distinguishing feature of this research is its methodological approach which compares favorably to many previous studies in terms of robustness.
Changes in Paediatric Injury-Related Emergency Department Presentations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to quantify changes in paediatric injury-related Emergency Department (ED) presentations at a large metropolitan paediatric hospital during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 2020 and 2021). This retrospective cohort study included children aged ≤15 years who presented to the ED at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, with a principal diagnosis of injury during 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021. Annual and monthly incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations from 2010 to 2019 were used to fit autoregressive integrated moving average models, from which forecast estimates with 95% prediction intervals were derived and compared against corresponding observed values to obtain estimates of absolute and relative forecast errors. The distributions of injuries by injury severity in 2020 and 2021 were compared against the 2010–2019 reference period. The annual incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations was 7.6% and 4.7% lower than forecasted in 2020 and 2021, respectively, equating to an estimated total of 1683 fewer paediatric injury-related ED presentations during the two-year period. The largest reductions in monthly incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations were observed during the periods of major societal restrictions (i.e., March–May 2020 and July–October 2021). Significant reductions in monthly incidence of injury-related ED presentations were observed for minor injuries only, with no discernable reductions in moderate and serious injuries. These findings highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric injury-related ED presentations and the need for future epidemiological studies examining secular trends in paediatric trauma volumes to account for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Granulomatous AppendicitisA Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1953, Meyerding and Bertram were the first person to report non specific granulomatous inflammation in appendix. Granulomatous appendicitis is a rare condition which usually account to less than 2% of the cases, however idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis is very rare, and diagnosis is usually made by excluding all other conditions. It is challenging to diagnose tuberculous appendicitis based on clinical findings, hence histopathological examination is required. Hereby, authors report a case of 26-year-old male who presented with pain abdomen in the Department of Surgery. On imaging, appendix was thickened, and acute appendicitis was considered as a probable diagnosis. On histopathological examination, it was diagnosed as granulomatous inflammation suggestive of tuberculosis. The present case is presented for its rarity as appendicitis is considered as an abdominal emergency, so prompt management and diagnosis is required by excluding all other causes of granulomatous inflammation in appendix.
Acquired Anti Factor VIII inhibitors following pregnancy: a report of two cases responding to treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Anti Factor VIII antibodies, usually detected in the post-partum period, are a recognized complication of pregnancy. They are associated with a high morbidity and mortality and should therefore be treated actively whenever possible. We report two cases of acquired haemophilia arising in the puerperium and responding to treatment with prednisolone. We recommend this approach which is simple, cheap and effective.
Seeing the Unseen: A Method to Detect Unresolved Rings in Protoplanetary Disks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract While high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations reveal a wealth of substructure in protoplanetary disks, they remain incapable of resolving the types of small-scale dust structures predicted, for example, by numerical simulations of the streaming instability. In this article, we propose a method to find evidence for unresolved, optically thick dusty rings in protoplanetary disks. We demonstrate that, in presence of unresolved rings, the brightness of an inclined disk exhibits a distinctive emission peak at the minor axis. Furthermore, the azimuthal brightness depends on both the geometry of the rings and the dust optical properties; we can therefore use the azimuthal brightness variations to both detect unresolved rings and probe their properties. By analyzing the azimuthal brightness in the test case of ringlike substructures formed by streaming instability, we show that the resulting peak is likely detectable by ALMA for typical disk parameters. Moreover, we present an analytic model that not only qualitatively but also quantitatively reproduces the peak found in the simulations, validating its applicability to infer the presence of unresolved rings in observations and characterize their optical properties and shape. This will contribute to the identification of disk regions where streaming instability (and thus planet formation) is occurring.