jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breeding Potential of Semidwarf Corn for Grain and Forage in the Northern U.S. Corn Belt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Conventional, nondwarf corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrids grown in the northern U.S. Corn Belt are typically >2 m tall and have a 75‐ to 100‐d relative maturity (RM). Our objectives were to assess the potential of open‐pollinated COPOP1 semidwarf corn for grain and forage production, estimate genetic variances and heritability in COPOP1, and develop COPOP1 subpopulations that exhibit heterosis. In 2005 and 2006, we evaluated COPOP1 with four commercial, nondwarf hybrids at three plant population densities. Grain yield of open‐pollinated COPOP1 was about half of the mean yield of the conventional hybrids. However, COPOP1 had lower grain moisture (equivalent to 62 d RM) and better forage quality than the commercial hybrids. In 2007, COPOP1 was evaluated for performance when crossed to two divergent inbred testers, LH227 and LH295. Heritability was significant for grain moisture, plant height, and ear height in testcrosses to both testers but was significant for grain yield only in testcrosses to LH227. In 2009, bulk Cycle 0 (i.e., original COPOP1) and Cycle 1 testcrosses, nine semidwarf hybrids, COPOP1, and three commercial hybrids were evaluated at two plant population densities. Grain yield and most agronomic and forage traits did not improve between Cycle 0 and Cycle 1 in either testcross population. None of the semidwarf hybrids had higher grain yields than COPOP1. While semidwarf COPOP1 can serve as a source of useful variation for improving elite germplasm in the northern U.S. Corn Belt, further selection in COPOP1 must be done to develop improved semidwarf populations.
Research on forced vibration parameters of elastic thin plate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The content of this article derives and solves in detail the vibration differential equation of elastic thin plate and the natural frequency calculation formula of simply supported rectangular thin plate. The natural frequency of simply supported rectangular thin plate is calculated by the calculation method of Ritz theory. At the same time, combined with the finite element software ANSYS calculates and analyzes the natural frequency of the elastic thin plate. The results show that the analysis and calculation of the finite element software can not only solve the engineering problem faster, but also the accuracy of the result is reliable.
Design and Development of an Advanced Two-Stage Centrifugal Compressor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the aeromechanical design and development of a 3.3 kg/s (7.3 lb/sec), 14:1 pressure ratio two-stage centrifugal compressor, which is used in the T800-LHT-800 helicopter engine. The design employs highly nonradial, splitter bladed impellers with swept leading edges and compact vaned diffusers to achieve high performance in a small and robust configuration. The development effort quantified the effects of impeller diffusion and passive inducer shroud bleed on surge margin as well as the effects of impeller loading on tip clearance sensitivity and the impact of sand erosion and shroud roughness on performance. The developed compressor exceeded its performance objectives with a minimum of 23 percent surge margin without variable geometry. The compressor provides a high-performance, rugged, low-cost configuration ideally suited for helicopter applications.
Synthesis and Extraction Behaviour of Calix[4]arenes Partially Substituted at the Wide Rim by Carbamoylmethylphosphine Oxide (CMPO) Functions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tetraethers of calix[4]arenes fixed in the cone conformation and substituted at their wide rim by one to three CMPO residues and hydrogen atoms or t -butyl moieties in the remaining position(s) were synthesized. Liquid/liquid extraction studies of selected lanthanides and actinides were undertaken with these calix[4]arenes, including also a linear trimer, in order to obtain a better understanding for the extraction properties of the corresponding calix[4]arene substituted by four CMPO functions. The structure of the 1,3-di-CMPO derivative was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.
Conversion of multiple forms of chondroitinase AC from Arthrobacter aurescens.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Immunochemical identification certified the electrophoretically separable components of Arthrobacter chondroitinase to be the multiple forms of chondroitinase AC. The electrophoretic patterns of the enzyme preparations obtained at various cultivation stages showed that chondroitinase III is produced at first and the multiple forms of the chon-droitinase occur during cultivation of the strain. In mature culture, chondroitinase I was the main component among the multiple forms. From the conversion experiments using the supernatant fluid of chondroitinase-free culture broth and uridine-5'-diphospho-D-glucose and using glycosidases from Charonia lampas, chondroitinase I and chondroitinase II, respectively, seemed to arise from glucosylation of chondroitinase III and from de-glycosylation of chondroitinase III or I.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Turning Operation of Stainless Steel Using a Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In manufacturing industries, selecting the appropriate cutting parameters is essential to improve the product quality. As a result, the applications of optimization techniques in metal cutting processes is vital for a quality product. Due to the complex nature of the machining processes, single objective optimization approaches have limitations, since several different and contradictory objectives must be simultaneously optimized. Multi-objective optimization method is introduced to find the optimum cutting parameters to avoid this dilemma. The main objective of this paper is to develop a multi-objective optimization algorithm using the hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). In order to perform the multi-objective optimization, grey analysis is integrated with the WOA algorithm. In this paper, Stainless Steel 304 is utilized for turning operation to study the effect of machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness, cutting forces, power, peak tool temperature, material removal rate and heat rate. The output parameters are obtained through series of simulations and experiments. Then by using this hybrid optimization algorithm the optimum machining conditions for turning operation is achieved by considering unit cost and quality of production. It is also found that with the change of output parameter weightage, the optimum cutting condition varies. In addition to that, the effects of different cutting parameters on surface roughness and power consumption are analysed.
Near‐Field Source Localization Using Spherical Microphone Arrays

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method is proposed for joint range and bearing (azimuth and elevation) estimation of multiple near-field acoustic sources using observations collected by a spherical microphone array. First, Spherical Fourier transform (SFT) is used to construct the array signal model in the spherical harmonics domain to decouple range and bearing information. Then the relation among the spherical harmonics of three adjacent degrees is exploited to build the recursive relationship of the signal subspace. Using Eigenvalue decomposition (EVD), bearings are estimated based on the eigenvalues and simultaneously the steering matrix can be represented by the signal subspace. Finally, range is estimated using the energy ratios of the elements of the steering matrix in the spherical harmonics domain. The algorithm can avoid parameter pairing and multi-dimensional searching. It has lower computational complexity than that of the Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method. The performance is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations and the estimation root meansquare errors are compared to the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) and those of MUSIC range estimates, which demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Analysis on Recognition Sight for the Main Line Restricted Exit of Expressway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To determine recognition sight for the main line restricted exit of an expressway, this paper used the car theory and ergonomic principles to analyze recognition sight of different design speeds for the main line restricted exit. The paper proposed recognition sight of the main line restricted exit with different design speeds for the ramp and main line. The results showed that, for the new expressway, the exit of the main line should avoid the use of threshold of recognition sight. For the existing expressway, when the exits of the expressway were limited by the terrain and position, the exit located in the main line restricted place and the exit of the expressway should have been strengthened by security measures to ensure the safety of the main line restricted exit for the expressway.
PERHATIAN FILSAFAT TERHADAP SCIENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research delineates the role and purpose of philosophy in the pursuit of truth through profound thinking, while considering distinctions with empirical sciences. Philosophy, as an abstract discipline, investigates everything that exists or may exist logically. A comparison is drawn between observation in science and theoretical interpretation that can influence the understanding of phenomena. The discussion encompasses the concept of induction by Aristotle and the falsification approach by Karl Popper in the context of testing scientific theories. Theory, as scientific knowledge, has two realities, namely abstract and concrete, and yields rational explanations for why certain phenomena occur. The text also examines the differences between fundamental and derivative theories in science. Scientific explanation is defined as a statement that answers questions about how and why an event occurs, with an emphasis on the distinction between universal and object-specific theories. Overall, the text explores key concepts in philosophy and science, highlighting scientific and explanatory approaches to understanding reality.
Optimal Layout in Airborne Wind Energy Farms.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the challenges that arise from exploiting Airborne
Wind Energy (AWE) technologies is related to the design,
optimization and development of a kite farm comprising
several kite pumping units.
Assuming we know specific wind local characteristics,
land dimensions, and shape, we address the decision of
deciding howmany units should be operating, their location,
and characterizing the flight envelope of each AWE
unit, aiming to maximize power production while satisfying
constraints concerning to the maximum altitude, and
minimum distances to avoid collision among kites.
The configuration of a conic–shaped flight envelope for
each wind speed in which each kite system is allowed to
fly depends on decision variables like the azimuth angle
span, the elevation angle span, the elevation angle offset,
as well as, the maximum and minimum tether lengths.
The envelope parameterization is computed to ensure
the optimal operation of each kite pumping unit within
its flight cone, maximizing the average power production
of a full cycle given the geometric constraints of the envelope.
In the first stage, we estimate the total power production
of each kite using an explicit formula. We consider
the kite characteristics, the envelope constraints, the loss
of efficiency due to the cubic cosine law, as well as the
loss of efficiency due to the actuation on the kite roll angle.
We consider an unlimited nominal power and an
unlimited maximum number of kites to obtain initial estimates
for the number of kites, the envelope parameters,
and the corresponding power generated. In the second
stage, we use the obtained estimates to fix the maximumnumber
of kites and the nominal power of the farm.
In both stages, the methodology employed is a heuristic
based on a global optimization method, a Biased Random
Key Genetic Algorithm [1]. Additionally, we address
the choice of the best pattern for a set of kite pumping
units in a given land area [2]. We investigate the different
possible arrangements related to kite placement, following,
for example, a squaredpattern or a triangularpattern.
Numerical simulation and experimental research of LRIT-30 radio frequency ion thruster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed at discussing the laws of the design parameters of a radio frequency (RF) ion thruster that influence the thruster performance, guide the performance optimization-oriented design of the thruster, and realize the high-accuracy continuous adjustment of the thrust performance. The key influencing parameters of the thrust performance were analyzed by the numerical simulation method. The influencing laws of RF parameters on key plasma parameters, as well as the thermal characteristics of the thruster under the rated parameters, were explored. Moreover, a LRIT-30 RF ion thruster was developed and subjected to the performance adjustment test. The research results demonstrated that the simulation model can describe the plasma parameter distribution of the discharge chamber and the thermal distribution of key components. The 3 cm RF ion thruster performs well under 2 MHz operational frequency. The RF power and gas flow rate are the key influencing factors of beam extraction and are appropriate for the accurate adjustment of parameters. The wide-range adjustment of thrust (0.5–2.3 mN) and specific impulse (869–2564 s) can be realized when the screen-grid voltage, decelerating screen voltage, RF power, and gas flow rate are 1500 V, −200 V, 40–65 W, and 0.4–0.8 SCCM, respectively. The performance indices of the proposed RF ion thruster are close to the international advanced level.
FINDING –t- AND –tIr- AFFIXES IN VERBS OF [ -t- + -tIr-] STRUCTURE AND USING –t- AS ADDITION VOICE <br> [-t- + -tIr-] YAPISINDAKİ FİİLLERDE -t- İLE –tIr- EKLERİNİN BULUNUŞU VE -t- NİN İLAVE SES OLARAK KULLANIMI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is accepted ı, i, u, ü vowels and y, n consanats are accepted as affixes which take part in Turkish syntax with phonological function. Some resarchers also add a, e vowels and s, ş consanants to these affixes. It isn’t mentioned about t which is used between verb themes and causative affix. Whereas it is seen that it is used directly with phonological function in some examples and it pretends to use with phonological function because its gramatical function couldn’t be perceived in some examples. In this article it will be interrogated the functions of –t- and –tIr- in verbs with structure of –t- + -tIr- which has been listed from Turkish Dictionary and it will be worked to see that –t- is an additional voice in some conditions.<br> <br> Türkçe sözdiziminde sesbilgisel işlevle yer alan sesler olarak ı, i, u, ü ünlüleri ile y, n ünsüzleri kabul edilir. Kimi araştırıcılar bunlara a, e ünlüleri ile s, ş ünsüzlerini de ilave etmektedir. Bu sesler arasında fiil gövdeleri ile ettirgenlik eki arasında kullanılan -t- zikredilmemektedir. Oysa, bazı örneklerde doğrudan sesbilgisel işlevle bazı örneklerde de dilbilgisel işlevi sezilemediğinden sesbilgisel işlevde imiş gibi kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu yazıda Türkçe Sözlük’ten (10. baskı, 2005) listelenen -t- + -tIr- yapılı fiillerde -t- ve -tIr- ın işlevleri sorgulanacak ve -t- nin bazı durumlarda ilave ses olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Beam Commissioning Experience of CSNS/RCS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based science facility. CSNS is designed to accelerate proton beam pulses to 1.6 GeV kinetic energy, striking a solid metal target to produce spallation neutrons. CSNS has two major accelerator systems, a linear accelerator (80 MeV Linac) and a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The Beam commissioning of CSNS/RCS has been commissioned recently. Beam had been accelerated to 1.6 GeV at CSNS/RCS on January 18, 2018 with the injection energy of 80 MeV. The machine parameters are measured and optimized. The beam power is increased step by step. The beam power achieved 50kW in January, 2019. In this paper, the commissioning experiences are introduced.
Cultural Lens on Raising the Quality of Early Childhood Teachers in Taiwan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Quality early childhood education is a top priority across nations, and the central focus is teacher quality. Culture includes a shared system of meaning that provides a framework for values and ways of thinking and behaving. Confucian legacy plays a major role in shaping the purposes and methods of education and the goal of becoming a teacher in Taiwan. This chapter describes early childhood teacher training programs during the past decade in Taiwan. Stepping behind the policies, regulations, and operations, cultural impacts are discernable. By examining teacher education programs and practices, a critical understanding can be made to raise more awareness for empowering early childhood teachers worldwide. Pre- and in-service teacher education and professional development programs and their attributes and goals are discussed in relation to cultural contexts. Who is a quality teacher and how is culture reflected in this person, and this person reflected in the culture?
LINC00173 facilitates tumor progression by stimulating RAB1B‐mediated PA2G4 and SDF4 secretion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An increasing number of studies have found that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) play important roles in driving the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our microarray screening revealed that expression of the lncRNA long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 173 ( LINC00173 ) was upregulated in NPC. However, its role and mechanism in NPC have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that high LINC00173 expression indicated a poor prognosis in NPC patients. Knockdown of LINC00173 significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro . Mechanistically, LINC00173 interacted and colocalized with Ras‐related protein Rab‐1B (RAB1B) in the cytoplasm, but the modulation of LINC00173 expression did not affect the expression of RAB1B at either the mRNA or protein levels. Instead, relying on the stimulation of RAB1B, LINC00173 could facilitate the extracellular secretion of proliferation‐associated 2G4 (PA2G4) and stromal cell‐derived factor 4 (SDF4; also known as 45‐kDa calcium‐binding protein) proteins, and knockdown of these proteins could reverse the NPC aggressive phenotype induced by LINC00173 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo LINC00173 ‐knockdown models exhibited a marked slowdown in tumor growth and a significant reduction in lymph node and lung metastases. In summary, LINC00173 serves as a crucial driver for NPC progression, and the LINC00173 –RAB1B–PA2G4/SDF4 axis might provide a potential therapeutic target for NPC patients.
KSC-04PD-0194

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello glides above the floor as it moves to another stand on the other side. Raffaello is the second MPLM built by the Italian Space Agency, serving as a reusable logistics carrier and primary delivery system to resupply and return station cargo requiring a pressurized environment. It is being moved to allow the third MPLM, Donatello, to be brought in for routine testing. Donatello has been stored in the Operations and Checkout Building. This is the first time all three MPLMs are in the SSPF; the other one is the Leonardo. Raffaello is scheduled to fly on Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-114.
An Investigation on the Benthic Diatoms of Murat River (Muş) and Comparison with Ehrenberg's Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, benthic diatoms of MuratRiver between June 2015 and September 2015 were examined. Cymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia and Cocconeis species were intensively recorded in benthic flora. Theresults of this study were compared to the result of benthic algal research inMurat River by a German scientist, Ehrenberg, 170 years ago.
Main Effects and Interactions in Mixed and Incomplete Data Frames

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mixed data frame (MDF) is a table collecting categorical, numerical, and count observations. The use of MDF is widespread in statistics and the applications are numerous from abundance data in ecology to recommender systems. In many cases, an MDF exhibits simultaneously main effects, such as row, column, or group effects and interactions, for which a low-rank model has often been suggested. Although the literature on low-rank approximations is very substantial, with few exceptions, existing methods do not allow to incorporate main effects and interactions while providing statistical guarantees. The present work fills this gap. We propose an estimation method which allows to recover simultaneously the main effects and the interactions. We show that our method is near optimal under conditions which are met in our targeted applications. We also propose an optimization algorithm which provably converges to an optimal solution. Numerical experiments reveal that our method, mimi, performs well when the main effects are sparse and the interaction matrix has low-rank. We also show that mimi compares favorably to existing methods, in particular when the main effects are significantly large compared to the interactions, and when the proportion of missing entries is large. The method is available as an R package on the Comprehensive R Archive Network. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Phenothiazine-Induced Sleep Apneas and the Opioid System

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To the Editor.— I was interested in the report by Kahn et al.1 demonstrating an increase in the number of central apneas following phenothiazine administration to infants. Administration of phenothiazines to infants less than 1 year of age could precipitate sudden death in apnea-prone subjects. Although the authors suggested several possible mechanisms linking the effects of phenothiazines with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), an apparent role of the opioid system has not been mentioned. The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in the central control of respiration.2