jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards an Integrated Framework to Measure Smart City Readiness: The Case of Iranian Cities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces an indicator system to measure and assess smart city readiness. Analyzing smart city initiatives in Iran as case studies, the theoretical framework we present reflects on how cities explore the possibility of becoming smart, and prepare themselves to begin implementing the transition towards becoming a smart city. This theoretical framework is then applied to four Iranian cities aspiring to become smart and that already possess credible smart city brands. The findings reveal that the most significant difficulty in Iran is associated with the political context. The changing urban governance model is the most important factor in Iranian smart cities’ readiness. Utilization of open data policies and data sharing, as well as making reforms in government structures are all considered a sine qua non to gain momentum. Based on the results of our empirical analysis a Theory of Change is developed to address the cities’ technological, socio-economic, and political readiness vis-à-vis the desired transition. The framework for measuring smart city readiness and the Theory of Change provide practical guidelines to developing systematic roadmaps for developing and implementing smart city policies.
Low levels of acetylcholine in later years contributes to confusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Delirium is a state of confusion that is usually of abrupt onset and short duration. It is particularly associated with increasing age. One possibility is that, with age, the blood/brain barrier becomes more permeable, making older people more susceptible to toxins. It is also known that delirium is associated with reduced acetylcholine in the brain. People with dementia may already have low levels of acetylcholine so they are at particular risk and can become delirious with even minor physical problems such as constipation. Failure to identify and treat the underlying cause increases mortality and increases the length of hospital stays.
Thomas Spear. Mountain Farmers: Moral Economies of Land and Agricultural Development in Arusha and Meru. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Mkuki na Nyota, Dar es Salaam. 1997. Pp. x, 262. Cloth $48.00, paper $17.95

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Thomas Spear. Mountain Farmers: Moral Economies of Land and Agricultural Development in Arusha and Meru. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Mkuki na Nyota, Dar es Salaam. 1997. Pp. x, 262. Cloth $48.00, paper $17.95 Get access Spear Thomas. Mountain Farmers: Moral Economies of Land and Agricultural Development in Arusha and Meru. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Mkuki na Nyota, Dar es Salaam. 1997. Pp. x, 262. Cloth $48.00, paper $17.95. Sally Falk Moore Sally Falk Moore Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 103, Issue 5, December 1998, Pages 1665–1666, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/103.5.1665 Published: 01 December 1998
Thermodynamics of acid-base equilibriums. VI. Influence of solvation factors on acidity. Thermodynamics of hydration of a series of meta- and para-substituted phenols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of acid-base equilibriums. VI. Influence of solvation factors on acidity. Thermodynamics of hydration of a series of meta- and para-substituted phenolsC. L. Liotta, H. P. Hopkins Jr., and P. T. KasudiaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 22, 7153–7155Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00829a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00829a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ethnoscience and Science Teacher Training in Papua New Guinea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Trainee Papua New Guinean secondary science teachers were asked for their opinions on ethnoscience and its actual and potential role in Science Education through a questionnaire and group discussion‐type interviews. In spite of the presence of a significant minority with very negative views towards traditional knowledge, it was found that a great deal of potential positive feelings towards a more active role for ethnoscience in high school Science teaching existed amongst the trainee body. Pre‐service and in‐service courses on ethnoscience are now being developed at Goroka Teachers College by the author.
The Effects And Chemistry Of Natural Repellants Versus Chemically Formulated Repellents On Melittobia Digitata

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this experiment, the purpose was to determine if chemically formulated repellants or natural-based repellents have a greater effect when tested on Wow Bugs; Melittobia digitata. The independent variable used in this experiment was the repellents used on the Melittobia digitata, which were lemongrass oil and OFF insect repellant. The dependent variable was how the Melittobia digitata reacted to the various repellants. The hypothesis for this study was if the chemically formulated repellent DEET and a natural repellant are used, then more Melittobia digitata will be repelled by DEET. The researchers found that the DEET based repellant was the most effective. An ANOVA test showed the data to not be statistically significant because there was not enough variation between data sets. Therefore, the results of this study does support the hypothesis.
Mechanical behavior of new lightweight concrete with fiber and ingredients

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Iran is among the earthquake-prone countries in the world. Since infill-wall materials have a brittle behavior, they result in considerable damage under large displacements. Therefore, it seems essential to modify the behavior of infill-wall’s materials. The present article seeks to correct this drawback by using a kind of ductile lightweight concrete (DLC) with a soft behavior. To this end, lightweight concrete was produced from cement, polypropylene, filler, and fine fibers. In order to obtain the modeling and design parameters in buildings, the compressive strength, stress-strain curve, material ductility, Poisson’s ratio, and shear strength of the mortar were evaluated. According to the results, on average, the compressive strength, Poisson’s ratio, and elastic modulus equaled 6 Mpa, 0. 14, and 800 Mpa, respectively. By using machine learning method the stress-strain graph of DLC has been showed and maximum compressive strength and friction angle of the mortar obtained from the designed setup and regression were 0.633 Mpa and 23°, respectively.
Retrieve the Coarse Protein from the Waste Dregs of Rifamycin SV Sodium Using High Molecular Polymer Inorganic Flocculant

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The technology of dehydration of the waste dregs of rifamycin SV sodium with PAC,PFS and PAFS is systematically studied.The mechanical dehydration rate of the waste dregs is raised from 30% to 68% or so.The COD value is reduced from over 90000 mg/L to 30000 mg/L or so.
An exploration of aphasia therapy dosage in the first six months of stroke recovery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aphasia research uses the length of time within rehabilitation sessions as the main measure of dosage. Few papers detail therapeutic ingredients or outline the number of times these were delivered over the treatment period. The present observational study identified therapeutic ingredients in the Very Early Rehabiltiation in SpEech (VERSE) trial and explored the dosage provided using a model of cumulative intervention intensity (CII). Therapists video recorded one therapy session per week and 53 (12%) randomly selected therapy videos were analysed. The videos were coded for number of error productions, self-corrections and type and frequency of therapist cueing. The Western Aphasia Battery Revised-Aphasia Quotient (WABR-AQ) was used for measuring patient outcome with total verbal utterances (p < 0.001) and cues used with success (p < 0.001) being independent positive predictors of WABR-AQ score at six months post stroke and hypothesized as key therapeutic ingredients. The CII was calculated by counting identified therapeutic ingredients and multiplying this by the number of sessions completed. Collectively, the key ingredients occurred on average 504 times per session and over 10,000 times per participant during the treatment period. This paper reports a novel approach for identifying key treatment ingredients and detailing the dosage delivered within an early aphasia rehabilitation trial.
Heritability curves: A local measure of heritability in family models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Classical heritability models for family data split the phenotype variance into genetic and environmental components. For instance, the ACE model in twin studies assumes the phenotype variance decomposes as a 2 + c 2 + e 2 , representing (additive) genetic effects, common (shared) environment, and residual environment, respectively. However, for some phenotypes it is biologically plausible that the genetic and environmental components may vary over the range of the phenotype. For instance, very large or small values of the phenotype may be caused by “sporadic” environmental factors, whereas the mid‐range phenotype variation may be more under the control of common genetic factors. This article introduces a “local” measure of heritability, where the genetic and environmental components are allowed to depend on the value of the phenotype itself. Our starting point is a general formula for local correlation between two random variables. For estimation purposes, we use a multivariate Gaussian mixture, which is able to capture nonlinear dependence and respects certain distributional constraints. We derive an analytical expression for the associated correlation curve, and show how to decompose the correlation curve into genetic and environmental parts, for instance, a 2 ( y ) + c 2 ( y ) + e 2 ( y ) for the ACE model, where we estimate the components as functions of the phenotype y . Furthermore, our model allows switching, for instance, from the ACE model to the ADE model within the range of the same phenotype. When applied to birth weight (BW) data on Norwegian mother‐father‐child trios, we conclude from the model that low and high BW are less heritable traits than medium BW. We also demonstrate switching between the ACE and ADE model when studying body mass index in adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
P-546 DETERMINANTS OF RETURNING TO WORK AFTER OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Victims of occupational injuries often reintegrate successfully into the workplace. However, some may encounter difficulties in returning. Thus, identifying factors influencing this process is crucial to prevent an unsuccessful return to work (URTW). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Health Insurance Fund of Tunisia among victims of occupational injuries. Individual and professional factors have been evaluated through face-to-face questionnaires over a nine-month period. Biomechanical exposure was estimated by the job-exposure matrix “MADE” and social support by the Social Support Scale. Bortner score was used to assess psychological profile. Perceived mental and physical health was evaluated using the short form survey. Results A total of 199 injured workers participated. The mean age was 42.73±9.58 years. An URTW was observed in 39.7% of cases. Low social support, biomechanical exposure, the category of blue-collar workers, type A personality, working for long hours, severe injuries, and duration of absence were associated with a URTW. Better perceived mental and physical health protected from worse outcomes. Multiple binary logistic regression identified four factors independently associated with a URTW after occupational injuries: weekly workload, social support, and perceived physical and mental health. Discussion The occurrence of URTW had several determinants. Hence, health promotion programs should be enhanced to include safety measures for vulnerable categories by reducing biomechanical exposure in the workplace and enhancing social support. Conclusion To limit URTW, collaboration among employees, employers, safety officers, and occupational therapists is always necessary to provide appropriate guidance for vulnerable employees during the process of returning to work.
The combination of thymol and cinnamaldehyde reduces the survival and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes on autoclaved chicken breast

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of the combination of thymol and cinnamaldehyde to Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 on autoclaved chicken breast. Methods and Results In this study, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 on autoclaved chicken breast was exposed to the stress of 125 μg/ml thymol and 125 μg/ml cinnamaldehyde, and transcriptome analysis was used to reveal the crucial antibacterial mechanism. According to the results, 1303 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Treated by thymol and cinnamaldehyde in combination, pyrimidine and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis of L. monocytogenes were thwarted which impairs its nucleic acid biosynthesis and intracellular metabolism. The up-regulated DEGs involved in membrane composition and function contributed to membrane repair. Besides, pyruvate catabolism and TCA cycle were restrained which brought about the disturbance of amino acid metabolism. ABC transporters were also perturbed, for instance, the uptake of cysteine, D-methionine, and betaine was activated, while the uptake of vitamin, iron, and carnitine was repressed. Thus, L. monocytogenes tended to activate PTS, glycolysis, glycerol catabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways to obtain energy to adapt to the hostile condition. Noticeably, DEGs involved in virulence factors were totally down-regulated, including genes devoted to encoding flagella, chemotaxis, biofilm formation, internalin as well as virulence gene clusters. Conclusions The combination of thymol and cinnamaldehyde is effective to reduce the survival and potential virulence of L. monocytogenes on autoclaved chicken breast. Significance and Impact of Study This work contributes to providing theoretical information for the application and optimization of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in ready-to-eat meat products to inhibit L. monocytogenes.
Retraction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Retraction: “Effect of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway on apoptosis, migration, and invasion of transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma cells after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in rats,” by Bao‐Ming Wang, Nuo Li, J Cell Biochem . 2018; 4050‐4060: The above article, published online on 12 December 2017 in Wiley Online Library ( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcb.26576 ) has been retracted by agreement between the the journal's Editor in Chief, Prof. Dr. Christian Behl, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party. A detailed investigation revealed that several image elements of the experimental data were published elsewhere in a different scientific context. Thus, the editors consider the conclusions of this article to be invalid.
Effect of a Harm-doer's Attractiveness and the Victim's History of Prior Victimization on Punishment of the Harm-doer

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

After observing a harm-doer exploit a victim, subjects had the opportunity to punish the harm-doer. The general attractiveness of the harm-doer and the victim's history of prior victimization were varied independently to explore the hypothesis that the influence of prior victimization is moderated by the general attractiveness of the harm-doer. The expected interaction was found such that the attractive harm-doer was punished less when the victim had been previously victimized, but the unattractive harm-doer was punished less when there was no history of victimization.
The Australian Curriculum: Including Students With Disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

オーストラリアン・カリキュラム（以下、AC）は、障害者差別の禁止を踏まえ、インクルーシブなカリキュラムとして策定された。ACは障害のある児童生徒を包摂するために、次のような仕組みとなっている。①汎用的能力について特に重視するものを選定し、就学前の「基礎」を拡張した「学びの連続性」を示す。②年齢に適した学習領域内容へのアクセスを求め、学習領域内容に汎用的能力の下位要素を広く関わらせる。③3つの調整（カリキュラム、教授、学習環境）による「個に応じた学習」を可能とする。しかし関係者からは、学習領域内容が知的障害の実態に合っていないと指摘されている。これによれば、学習領域内容にアクセスしつつ実施される個に応じた学習のあり方も問われる。今後は各州や学校を対象に上記のACの仕組みがどう機能しているのか、さらに個に応じた学習に注目して、関係者の指摘に関する実態と課題を把握する必要がある。
Scholarship of teaching and learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) is a professional way of thinking and practising that seeks to improve student learning through a process of inquiry and peer review. This chapter describes five cases illustrating a range of SoTL activities from very basic inquiry to research leading to international journal publications. The process of SoTL involves six steps: frame an investigation question, identify a relevant teaching/learning framework, devise an intervention, conduct an investigation, produce a result with some form of public artefact and invite peer review. Guidance is provided on getting started, further developing approaches to SoTL and publishing the results. The chapter concludes with a brief analysis of the benefits and rewards of engaging with SoTL, including, but extending beyond the improvement of student learning.
Assessment of the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among employees of the North-Eastern Federal University

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction. According to WHO experts, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) is the leading worldwide medical and social problem. In recent decades, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population showed changes in nutrition habits, physical activity reduction. It increased the spread of modified chronic NCD’s risk factors. Material and methods. The authors performed a one-stage study of modified risk factors and frequency analysis of chronic NCD in the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) employees who had medical check-ups in 2017 (n = 800): men (n = 260), women (n = 540). The attendees’ age varied from 30 to 54 years. Abdominal obesity (AO) was diagnosed by two criteria: men’s waist ≥ 90 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for Asia residents (IDF1); men’s waist ≥ 94 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for European residents (IDF2) (IDF, 2006). Results. This analysis of the study group of NEFU employees showed the median level of SYS and DYS, glucose in serum, and the waist index in both groups, regardless of gender, to be within reference values. The most frequent risk factors of chronic NCD were hypercholesterolemia and abdominal obesity (p = 0.000). A spread of hypercholesterolemia was 16.8%, in men (23.5%) more frequently than in women (13. Every fourth woman and every third man had AO according to IDF criteria compared to attendees without AO (p = 0.000). Conclusion. A significant positive correlation between AO and age, SYS, DYS, cholesterol and glucose in serum was identified.
Putative Second Binding Site of DCMU on the Oxidizing Side of Photosystem II in Photosystem II Membranes Depleted of Functional Mn

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effects of DCMU on the oxidizing side of PS II were studied with Triton-solubilized PS II membranes depleted of functional Mn. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) non-competitively inhibited the diphenylcarbazide-supported (DPC-supported) photoreduction of silicomolybdate (SiMo) at concentrations more than ten times higher than that required for inhibition of the DPC-supported photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP). The maximum fluorescence intensity was also reduced by DCMU at a similar concentration to that required for the inhibition of the SiMo photoreduction. These findings suggest two inhibitory sites of action of DCMU in PS II: one on the reducing side and one on the oxidizing side of PS II. The inhibition constant for DCMU in the DPC-supported SiMo-photoreduction was 10 μM in every examination. The extent of inhibition was attenuated by modifications of the PS II oxidizing side by the presence of functional Mn, by photoinhibition and by chemical modifications of histidine residues and acidic amino acid residues. Our results suggest that DCMU binds to the PS II oxidizing side near Z, D and the high-affinity Mn-binding sites.
The utility of Benzathine Penicillin G for Rheumatic Fever prevention in the Solomon Islands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) frequently affects children and young adults and is an autoimmune condition caused by untreated Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory tract (and skin). Repeated or very severe ARF attacks that are left untreated, can lead to Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) - permanent cardiac damage. RHD is rare in developed countries and yet remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately the disease burden of ARF and RHD amongst Indigenous and Pacific communities in New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific Region are amongst the highest in the world. In the absence of a GAS vaccine, the recommended preventative measure for ARF/RHD consists of painful monthly injections of a type of Penicillin known as Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG). Otherwise known as secondary prophylaxis (SP), the purpose of these injections is to prevent GAS infections that can trigger recurrence of ARF and either lead to or worsen RHD. The adherence to SP remains challenging across many settings and it is recognised that a new Penicillin that is more appropriate is needed. To support the drug design efforts and development of a new BPG formulation, this work sought to explore BPG SP for Rheumatic Fever in the Solomon Islands by engaging with health professionals, researchers and community leaders and sourcing local information. Access and other issues connected with BPG SP for those having received a previous diagnosis of ARF were identified. Information concerning these challenges are relevant for drug design efforts and SP schedules for ARF/RHD prevention.