jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis of yield losses due to diseases: a case study of early leaf spot of groundnut in Malawi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper attempts to quantify the economic losses due to early leaf
spot in Malawi. Based on yield loss estimates, the mean annual
production loss in groundnut in on-station and on-farm situations is
estimated at 34.3% and 18.9%, respectively. Early leaf spot of
groundnut alone causes a mean annual loss of US $4.79 million to the
national income. Groundnut being a major export earner, eliminating
yield losses due to early leaf spot would contribute up to 46% of the
trade balance. The impact of early leaf spot management on household
food security and on farm income is also analyzed. The results show
that depending on the area allocated to groundnut cultivation, an
additional 1.75 to 14.0 persons per family could be made food-secure by
controlling early leaf spot. Implications for research policies on
disease management are derived from the results of the analyses. It is
stressed that unless economically viable technological alternatives are
developed for reducing yield losses, the potential benefits of crop
production cannot be fully realized.
[Post-traumatic seizure prevention--results of a survey of 127 neurosurgery clinics].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Starting in November, 1993, until January, 1994, we performed a survey among 127 Neurosurgical Departments in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland concerning the practice of antiepileptic prophylaxis in head injured patients. Seventy seven percent of the 12-item multiple choice questionnaires were completed and returned. They indicate a variety of attitudes towards prophylaxis for seizures: in 12% of the responding institutions, antiepileptic prophylaxis is given to every brain trauma patient, in 36%, no prophylaxis is carried out. and in 52% some patients receive prophylaxis while others do not. Penetrating injuries, intracranial haemorrhages and electroencephalographic abnormalities were the most frequent reasons why prophylaxis was initiated. Phenytoin is by far the most popular drug, given usually for at least three months, and in most cases monitored by routine serum level observations. Nevertheless, about three out of four neurosurgeons conceded that a general renunciation of antiepileptic prophylaxis after brain trauma might be justified. There is no uniform way in which patients are informed about a possible risk of seizures, as it may be relevant, for instance, in respect of driving abilities.
CIRCULATION MAPS: A RESOURCE FOR IDENTIFYING POSITION ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a technique for determining the mission and location-dependent importance of accurate position knowledge for an autonomous mobile robot. We show how map data may be analyzed in the context of any given mission to yield a new map which indicates differences in the sensitivity of action choices to position errors. The identification of these differences provides a vnluable resource for focusing the attention of available localization pmesses.
All the Women Dancing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

All The Women Dancing M a y Cameron Toutes les femmes dansantCe poime en prose tenfe de faire appamifre "l'essenfiel" en clzacun, chacune: la musique que l'on porte en soi, la fa~on dont notre corps bouge.. .Dnns ces kchanges sans paroles, une demnnde extmvagante: "l'amour."Le rkel (oti ce que nous prenons pour fel: le bar, les rues) nous coupe, nous met en iclafs (le verre brisi) parce qu'il dnnse au y f h m e de la violence.Don't give me that.
Data from <i>GSTP1</i> Promoter Haplotypes Affect DNA Methylation Levels and Promoter Activity in Breast Carcinomas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>The CpG island spanning the transcription start of the glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase P1 becomes methylated in a variety of human cancers including breast cancer. To study the effect of sequence variation on hypermethylation of the <i>GSTP1</i> promoter, we analyzed the genetic and epigenetic variability in 90 tumors from patients with locally advanced breast cancer. High-resolution quantitative analysis revealed large variability in the DNA methylation levels. Lack of methylation was more often observed in the basal and normal-like estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors, and methylated <i>GSTP1</i> was associated with better overall survival (<i>P</i> = 0.00063). Studies of the genetic variation identified 14 different haplotypes. The distribution of methylation levels of tumors homozygous for the most frequent haplotype was significantly different from other haplotype combinations (<i>P</i> = 0.011), the difference being more pronounced in ER-positive (<i>P</i> = 0.005) and progesterone receptor–positive (<i>P</i> = 0.008) tumors. Regression modeling identified the ER status and haplotype as the main determinants of DNA methylation variability. We identified a putative c-Myb response element (MRE) that was present in one of two minimal promoter haplotypes. <i>In vitro</i> analysis showed that c-Myb binds to the MRE, but binding was weakened by the two polymorphisms. Transient cotransfections in luminal-type and basal-like breast cancer cell lines confirmed cell-specific differential binding of c-Myb to the polymorphic sites, leading to a change in the expression from the <i>GSTP1</i> promoter <i>in vivo. GSTP1</i> expression was moderately but significantly (<i>P</i> = 0.01) reduced after siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-Myb. Our results indicate that haplotype structure of a promoter is important for the extent of DNA methylation. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5562–71]</p></div>
Evolution of Africa's Intellectual Property Treaty Ratification Landscape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Intellectual property (IP) policy is an important contributor to economic growth and human development. However, international commitments harmonised in IP treaties often exist in tension with local needs for flexibility. This article tracks the adoption of IP treaties in Africa over a 131-year span, from 1884 to 2015, through breaking it down into four periods demarcated by points in time coinciding with key events in African and international IP law: the periods 1884-1935, 1936-1965, 1966-1995, and 1996-2015. The article explores relevant historical and legal aspects of each of these four periods, in order to assess and contextualise the evolutions of the IP treaty landscape on the continent. The findings show that treaties now saturate the IP policy space throughout the continent, limiting the ability to locally tailor approaches to knowledge governance.
STOL Transport Thrust Reverser/Vectoring Program, Volume 1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Existing data were reviewed for application to computer programs to predict TR/TV performance and evaluating TR/TV influence on the total airplane system. Three programs were developed: (1) Jet Trajectory and Spreading Program -- to predict the shape and trajectory of the TR/TV exhaust plume, (2) Reingestion Prediction Program -- to predict the onset of reingestion, and (3) TR and TV System Performance and effect TR/TV operation on engine stability margin. Static tests were conducted to determine multibearing thrust vectoring nozzle performance and blocker door geometry effects on annular cascade thrust reverser performance. Results were incorporated in the TR and TV System Performance Program. The programs provide relatively simple design tools to evaluate TR/TV performance and to determine potential exhaust flow interference and reingestion data to STOL transport configurations is limited. Low speed wind tunnel testing is recommended to obtain this type of data.
ICT integration in English language teacher education: insights from Turkey, Portugal and Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the study was to investigate how well language teacher education (LTE) programmes prepare future teachers for ICT integration with the comparison of three different contexts (Turkey, Portugal and Poland) from the perspectives of the teacher trainees and teacher educators (TEs). Using a scale and multiple interviews, the data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that although there were three different contexts in three countries, LTE programmes seemed to implement teacher education strategies so as to prepare future teachers for educational technology use similarly at a moderate level. Modelling TEs and reflection on technology use were found to be significant strategies followed while feedback and instructional design strategies were challenging for the programmes. Furthermore, the results also indicated limited access to resources, lack of institutional support and qualified TEs who could successfully use and integrate technology into their teaching. Based on the findings, implications on how to integrate technology training into LTE programmes are discussed.
Acromegaly caused by a GHRH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor:a rare manifestation of MEN1 syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 NM_001370259.2(MEN1):c.466G>C(p.Gly156Arg) is characterized by tumors of various endocrine organs. We report on a rare, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-releasing pancreatic tumor in a MEN1 patient with a long-term follow-up after surgery. A 22-year-old male with MEN1 syndrome, primary hyperparathyroidism and an acromegalic habitus was observed to have a pancreatic tumor on abdominal CT scanning, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were elevated and plasma GHRH was exceptionally high. GHRH and GH were measured before the treatment and were followed during the study. During octreotide treatment, IGF1 normalized and the GH curve was near normal. After surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, a pancreatic tail tumor was enucleated. The tumor cells were positive for GHRH antibody staining. After the operation, acromegaly was cured as judged by laboratory tests. No reactivation of acromegaly has been seen during a 20-year follow-up. In conclusion, an ectopic GHRH-producing, pancreatic endocrine neoplasia may represent a rare manifestation of MEN1 syndrome. Learning points Clinical suspicion is in a key position in detecting acromegaly. Remember genetic disorders with young individuals having primary hyperparathyroidism. Consider multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome when a person has several endocrine neoplasia. Acromegaly may be of ectopic origin with patients showing no abnormalities in radiological imaging of the pituitary gland.
Time observables with projective covariance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) on the projective real line covariant with respect to the projective group. We interpret the projective line as a compactified time axis and we assume that the energy is a positive operator. This formalism may describe a time-of-arrival observable for a free particle covariant with respect to linear canonical transformations. The problem is similar to the more complicated and physically more relevant problem of finding the POVMs on the compactified Minkowski space-time covariant with respect to the conformal group.
Stability of Red Snapper (Lutjanus Sp.) Vitamin a Content as an Effect of Traditional Cooking Method of Asam Pedas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Red snapper ( Lutjanus sp.) is significant for food-based strategy to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A content can be affected by cooking method. The study aimed to estimate vitamin A content of Red snapper which cooked by traditional cooking method of asam pedas (sour and hot). Scales, pectoral and ventral fins, gills, digestive tracts, and internal organs, except livers and gonads were discarded directly after fish were purchased from local market. Previously, fish were dipped in lemonade and salted water; then boiled in water with asam pedas spices. Fresh fish and asam pedas fish samples were extracted in two-replications, then were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the wave length of 450 nm. Results shows that β-carotene content (average ± standard error) of fresh and asam pedas fish respectively was 3.30 ± 1.50; 0.41 ± 0.31; and retinol was 3.78 ± 0.14; 3.13 ± 0.01 μg/g. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between fresh and asam pedas fish of those two-carotenoids. Retinol activity equivalent (RAE) of fresh and asam pedas fish was 4.05 and 3.16 μg/g wet weight respectively. The conclusion is asam pedas cooking method does not impair vitamin A content of Red snapper. It suggests that carotenoids of asam pedas spices contribute to sustain β-carotene and retinol contents during cooking.
POSTER VIEWING SESSION - QUALITY AND SAFETY OF ART THERAPIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Blastocyst culture and transfer increases implantation rates and supports eSET but has been associated with increases in imprinting disorders and monozygotic twins (MZT) -the latter having far worse clinical outcomes than dizygotic twins.We investigated MZT rates following BT or cleavage stage (CT) embryo transfer by retrospective review of all IVF/ICSI fresh embryo transfer cycles performed between January 2007 and September 2010.Material and Methods: MZT was identified by routine vaginal ultrasound at 6-8 weeks as two fetal hearts/gestational sac or fetal hearts exceeding the number of transferred embryos.MZT rate was defined as MZT events/total clinical pregnancies.Comparisons between BT and CT groups were performed using t-tests with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results: Of 4696 embryo transfers, 710 (15.1%) were BT and 3986 (84.9%) were CT.Women in the BT group were significantly younger (35 ± 4, range 23-48 yrs vs 36 ± 4, range 22-47 yrs) with more oocytes retrieved (15.4 ± 6, range 3-41 vs 9.0 ± 5, range 1-43) compared with the CT group.The mean number of embryos transferred was the same (1.9, range 1-3) in both groups.BT resulted in higher implantation rates (41.6% vs 22.8%), clinical pregnancy rate/ ET (53.2% vs 34.2%) and multiple pregnancy rates (42.1% vs 28.0%) compared with CT cycles.The overall incidence of MZT was 1.78 % (31/1741), but differed markedly with the stage of ET.The 4.5% (17/378) incidence level of MZT after BT was 4 times higher than the 1.03% (14/1363) observed in CT cycles and 10 times that reported for natural conceptions (0.4%).There was no difference in the MZT rate between ICSI (17/957 = 1.78%) and IVF (14/763 = 1.83%) clinical pregnancies and there was no difference between maternal ages for women having MZT events compared with dizygotic twin pregnancies (both 34 ± 4yrs).No difference in overall MZT rate was observed between two different types of embryo culture media used during the study period (1.94 % (5/258) using Vitrolife and 1.75 % (26/1483) using Sage media).MZT rates following successful embryo biopsy, assisted hatching (AH) and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles were 4.26% (2/47), 2.22% (1/45) and 0% (0/131) respectively.Conclusions: In agreement with previous reports, we observed increased MZT following ART which is significantly higher if using blastocyst culture and transfer.The current MZT rate of 4.5% following successful blastocyst transfer may be an underestimate as we cannot distinguish between samesex dichorionic monozygotic twins and same-sex dizygotic twins.We plan to continue monitoring MZT rates and further investigate associations with culture media (reported to be associated with increased MZT rates) and specific procedures undertaken during the IVF cycle (including biopsy, AH and FET).If increases in MZT rate following BT are corroborated in larger studies, patients will need to be advised since MZT carry additional risks beyond those of dizygotic twins.
Outage capacity of a cooperative scheme with binary input and a simple relay

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cooperative communications is a rapidly evolving research area. Most of the cooperative protocols that have appeared in the literature assume slow flat fading channels and Gaussian codebooks. In many cases the relays must fully decode their input. It is well known that cooperation is most effective at low SNR where binary input is optimal. Furthermore, energy and cost effectiveness make simple relays most attractive. Motivated by these two facts, we consider a half-duplex orthogonal cooperation protocol with binary input and relays that simply forward their symbol-by-symbol decisions to the destination which performs algebraic decoding; we call it demodulate-and-forward (DmF). We assume independent slow Rayleigh flat fading channels with full channel state information (CSI) at the destination and compute an upper bound for the outage capacity of the DmF protocol. For low SNR and small outage probability, we derive a simple approximation to this bound. For comparison purposes, we compute the outage capacity of direct binary transmission and a simple low-SNR small-outage-probability approximation. We observe that for very small outage probability the DmF protocol significantly outperforms direct transmission. However, for (relatively) high outage probability, the opposite may happen.
Detection of Aflatoxins B1 from Layer and Broiler Feed Samples Collected from Different Cities of Punjab, Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi results in contamination of food, cause diseases so has major impact on animals and human health.While aflatoxins are type of poisonous mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus species.Present study was conducted to see levels of aflatoxins that are present in poultry feed.A total of 50 feed samples from layer and broiler farms were collected from five different cities of Punjab such as Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Kasur.Ten samples were collected from each city.Upon quantification by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) method the contamination was detected in 24 samples out of which 11 (22%) were contaminated beyond the permissible range and 13 (26%) were contaminated within the permissible range.Positive samples were run for the assessment of all different types of aflatoxins such as B1, B2, G1 and G2.However, only aflatoxin B1 was detected in the positive samples.The highest percentage of contaminated samples were collected from Kasur city and broiler feed samples were found more contaminated (p<0.05) as compared to layer feed samples when statistically analyzed by independent sample T test.Different detoxification methods such as physical and chemical methods were also compared.The most effective physical method of detoxification was noticed heating upto 250 ℃ for 10 minutes as it reduce aflatoxin concentration up to 58%.While, in the chemical methods the Hydrochloric acid was a highly effective chemical for detoxification as it reduced aflatoxin level up to 58.4% only with its 0.5 % concentration.Other chemicals were also effective but they were required in higher concentrations to show their efficacy which can affect the nutritive value of the feed samples.It was concluded by the study that broiler feed samples collected from Kasur were more contaminated that may be due to poor storage conditions of feed.It is recommended that improvement in storage conditions and regular monitoring is required by feed authorities so that contamination of aflatoxins can be reduced.
Gene expression profile analysis of immunodeficient mice after WT or mSOD1 immunoreconsitution reveals differential motoneuron death mechanisms after facial nerve axotomy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When a facial nerve axotomy (FNA) is performed on recombinase activating gene‐2 knockout (RAG‐2 −/− ) mice lacking the adaptive arm of the immune system, there is significantly greater motoneuron (MN) death relative to wild type (WT) mice. Reconstituting RAG‐2 −/− mice with whole splenocytes (WS) restores MN survival to WT levels, and CD4+ T cells specifically were found to drive immune‐mediated neuroprotection. The mSOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a MN disease, also exhibits significantly decreased MN survival after FNA, and this model mimics the immune dysregulation described in human ALS patients. Reconstituting RAG‐2 −/− mice with mSOD1 WS fails to rescue MN survival, whereas isolated mSOD1 CD4+ T cell reconstitution confers neuroprotection. This finding suggests an inhibitory factor in mSOD1 mice blocks CD4+ T cell‐mediated neuroprotection. The objective of the current study is to characterize the mechanisms of neuroprotection in a wild‐type immune system and then identify disruptions of these processes in the mSOD1 mouse model of ALS. To accomplish this goal, gene expression profiles of the axotomized facial motor nucleus were gathered from 6 experimental groups: WT, RAG‐2 −/− , RAG‐2 −/− + WT WS, RAG‐2 −/− + WT CD4+ T cells, RAG‐2 −/− + mSOD1 WS, and RAG‐2 −/− + mSOD1 CD4+ T cells. Genes associated with MN regeneration, glial activation, inflammatory cytokines, and cell death pathways were examined. Our findings revealed that relative to WT mice, MN regeneration and cell death pathways were unaffected in RAG‐2 −/− mice, but glial activation and cytokine expression were significantly reduced. Adoptive transfer of WT or mSOD1 WS or CD4+ T cells into RAG‐2 −/− mice restored glial activation and cytokine production to WT levels. MN‐specific Fas cell death receptor expression, which is increased in mSOD1 mice after FNA, is also elevated in RAG‐2 −/− + mSOD1 WS mice. These data implicate a dysregulated glial response as a causative factor for MN death in immunodeficient mice. In contrast, promotion of the Fas/Fas ligand pathway may contribute to MN death in immunodeficient mice reconstituted with mSOD1 WS. In summary, these results suggest that peripheral immune cells can directly modulate central responses to injury. Future studies based upon these results are expected to elucidate how mSOD1 immune cells promote Fas expression, and whether inhibition of the process can preserve MN. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH NS40433 (KJJ and VMS)
THE OPEN SHOP UNION, WAGES, AND MANAGEMENT OPPOSITION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article THE OPEN SHOP UNION, WAGES, AND MANAGEMENT OPPOSITION Get access ROBIN NAYLOR, ROBIN NAYLOR *University of Warwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ODDBJØRN RAAUM ODDBJØRN RAAUM †Foundation for Research in Economics and Business Administration (SNF) and University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 45, Issue 4, October 1993, Pages 589–604, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042109 Published: 01 October 1993
School Based Yoga Intervention for Childhood Stress Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Childhood stress can have immediate and long-term negative impacts on physical health, mental health, school performance, self-esteem, and relationships. For children in rural communities there are fewer resources available as recreational and therapeutic outlets for healthy stress reduction. Extracurricular activity involvement also puts significant financial and time burdens on families. There is a particular need to provide children in rural areas with tools to manage stress that can be incorporated into the school day and require few resources. Yoga is an excellent school-based activity that has proven benefits on physical and emotional health for both students and teachers. It has been shown to be effective at improving children's sense of wellbeing and reducing self-perceived levels of stress, and can practiced individually at home without requiring any special equipment.