jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Blocking Properdin, the Alternative Pathway, and Anaphylatoxin Receptors Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Decay-Accelerating Factor and CD59 Double-Knockout Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Complement is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The activation pathway(s) and effector(s) of complement in IRI may be organ specific and remain to be fully characterized. We previously developed a renal IRI model in decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59 double-knockout (DAF−/−CD59−/−) mice. In this study, we used this model to dissect the pathway(s) by which complement is activated in renal IRI and to evaluate whether C3aR- or C5aR-mediated inflammation or the membrane attack complex was pathogenic. We crossed DAF−/−CD59−/− mice with mice deficient in various complement components or receptors including C3, C4, factor B (fB), factor properdin (fP), mannose-binding lectin, C3aR, C5aR, or Ig and assessed renal IRI in the resulting mutant strains. We found that deletion of C3, fB, fP, C3aR, or C5aR significantly ameliorated renal IRI in DAF−/−CD59−/− mice, whereas deficiency of C4, Ig, or mannose-binding lectin had no effect. Treatment of DAF−/−CD59−/− mice with an anti-C5 mAb reduced renal IRI to a greater degree than did C5aR deficiency. We also generated and tested a function-blocking anti-mouse fP mAb and showed it to ameliorate renal IRI when given to DAF−/−CD59−/− mice 24 h before, but not 4 or 8 h after, ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that complement is activated via the alternative pathway during the early phase of reperfusion, and both anaphylatoxin-mediated inflammation and the membrane attack complex contribute to tissue injury. Further, they demonstrate a critical role for properdin and support its therapeutic targeting in renal IRI.
IFN response suppresses HDV persistence during hepatocytes proliferation in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and D virus (HDV) co-infections cause the most severe form of viral hepatitis. The long-tern persistence of both viruses makes it challenging to develop curative therapies. HDV spread through cell division was reported recently (Giersch K, et al. Gut. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017 – 314713.), which is suggested to contribute to HDV persistence. However, the modulation of this process is unclear. Our previous investigations showed that HDV infection strongly induces IFN response via MDA5 in hepatocytes (Zhang Z, et al. J Hepatol. 2018, 69(1):25 – 35). To evaluate the role of the IFN response in the regulation of HDV spread during proliferation of hepatocytes, innate immune competent undifferentiated HepaRGNTCP cells were infected with HDV and splitted (1:6) every 5 days. HDV positive cells and viral markers (HDV RNA and antigens) were quantified throughout 6 passages. We found that all HDV-specific markers were profoundly lost during HepaRGNTCP cell division. Through BrdU labeling of DNA synthesis, we found HDV replication doesn't impair cell division. Then we blocked the IFN response by knocking down of MDA5 (the pattern recognition receptor for HDV). In contrast to the native cell line, MDA5 depleted HepaRGNTCP cells supported efficient HDV spread during cell division. MDA5 reconstitution completely reverted this phenotype. In addition, inhibitors blocking the IFN signaling pathway also significantly enhanced the HDV spread in HepaRGNTCP cells during cell division, indicating that HDV spread during cell division is restricted by innate immune responses. This finding was further confirmed in HuH7NTCP cells which are defective to produce IFNs. In contrast to HepaRGNTCP, HuH7NTCP cell division efficiently amplified HDV markers, and this amplification was significantly inhibited by exogenous IFN-alpha, -beta and -lambda1 treatment. Of note, although the endogenous IFN response suppresses HDV spread in HepaRGNTCP cells, exogenous IFN treatment can significantly promote the suppression in a dose depend manner when the innate immune system is not saturated in the case of moderate or low HDV infection rate. These results suggest that IFN response is an important restriction factor against HDV persistence during cell division. This finding also suggests that the combination therapies using IFN and drugs blocking extracellular HDV spread (e.g. entry inhibitor Myrcludex B (Bogomolov P. et al. J Hepatol. 2016. 65(3):490 – 8)) may synergistically eliminate HDV infection.
Management of dermatomyositis patients amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Two case reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: In December 2019, a new epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spread rapidly to other parts of China and worldwide. Although established methods exist for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection, the management of dermatomyositis (DM) patients with COVID-19 is unknown. Patient concerns: In this article, we describe case reports of 2 patients with DM. The first case was a 67-year-old patient with DM and infected with COVID-19 who was admitted to Leishenshan Hospital for a 1-month history of fever, cough, and expectoration. The second case was a 51-year-old male patient who was admitted to Leishenshan Hospital due to fever with cough, expectoration and shortness of breath for 1 month. Diagnoses: The first patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 secondary to DM based on repeated SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) test, detailed medical history and chest computed tomography; The second patient was diagnosed with interstitial lung disease associated with anti-MDA5 DM based on the results of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory therapy and the above 3 methods. Interventions and outcomes: The first patient received supportive and empirical treatment, including antiviral treatment, anti-inflammatory treatment, oxygen therapy and prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. The symptoms and laboratory results got improved after the treatments. He was discharged with thrice negative PCR tests for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The second patient received a comprehensive treatment, including glucocorticoid and plasma exchange; his symptoms were relieved and improved. Lessons: These cases suggest that repeated new pathogenic test results for the coronavirus and a detailed diagnosis of the medical history are important means to distinguish these diseases. Increased attention to the individual characteristics of different cases may allow for more effective diagnosis and treatment.
Chiral Recognition in Cyclic α-Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds:  A Theoretical Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical study (DFT and MP2) of the self-association of homochiral (RR or SS) and heterochiral (RS or SR) dimers of three series of cyclic alpha-hydroxy-carbonyl derivatives has been carried out. The solvation effect on the parent derivative dimers has been explored, showing nonsignificant changes in the configurations preferred but altering in some cases the homo/heterochiral preference of the dimers. The results in the gas phase of the systems with different substituents show a preference for the heterochiral dimers. The energetic results have been analyzed with the NBO and AIM methodologies. Optical rotatory power calculations of the monomers and homochiral dimers show large variations of this parameter depending on the substituents and the complexation.
Predictive factors associated mortality after gastrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative mortality after gastrectomy.Surgical resection is the only potentially curative method for gastric cancer and is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a single center between September 2015 and September 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The relationship between postoperative mortality and clinical variables of the patients, tumor characteristics and 10 variables related to intraoperative characteristics were analyzed.Results: 133 patients were included in our study. Postoperative mortality occurred in 10 patients. Our postoperative mortality rate was 7.5%. Male sex (HR = 0.664, 95% CI =0.460–0.961, p=0.030), tumor localization (linitis plastica (HR = 3.594, 95% CI =1.375–9.390, p=0.009), tumor stage 3C (HR =1.713, 95% CI =0.906–3.239, p=0.0032) total gastrectomy (HR = 1.918 95% CI =1.042–3.532, p=0.036), conventional (open) surgery (HR = 2.807 95% CI =1.546–5.096, p= 0.001), operation duration >240 min (HR = 1.758, 95 % CI =1.064–2.906, p= 0.028), was independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality. Age >60 (p=0.463), body mass index (p=0.414), ASA score >3 p=0.862, intraoperative blood loss >300 (p=0.083) and additional organ resection (p=0.649) were not independent risk factors for mortality.Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage was associated with male sex, obesity, and tumor localization. Anastomotic leakage is related with poor survival. Determining the risk factors after gastrectomy guides us in the management of patients at risk for postoperative mortality.
Distribution of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in CBNAAT samples received in a tertiary care hospital – A record-based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) accounts for 85% of all reported tuberculosis cases globally. Extrapulmonary involvement can occur in isolation or along with a pulmonary focus as in the case of patients with disseminated tuberculosis (TB). EPTB can occur through hematogenous, lymphatic, or localized bacillary dissemination from a primary source, such as PTB and affects the brain, eye, mouth, tongue, lymph nodes of neck, spine, bones, muscles, skin, pleura, pericardium, gastrointestinal, peritoneum and the genitourinary system as primary and/or disseminated disease. Although pulmonary TB is the most common presentation, EPTB is also an important problem clinically. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification (CBNAAT) test has a well-documented role in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. Aim: To determine the distribution of EPTB in various samples received for CBNAAT testing in our Institution. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data of suspected EPTB patients were retrieved and analyzed from January 2020 to December 2022. Statistical Analysis: All the statistical analyses were carried out using the Excel spreadsheet and Open-epi version 3.01 platform. Results: A total number of 1118(n) extrapulmonary samples were processed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Out of the 1118 received samples, (22%) were positive. Among the 249 positive samples, 55% samples were received from the female patients and 45% samples received from the male patients. We found that most MTB positive samples were from this age group (i.e. 21-30). Most common sample received for processing was Lymph node aspirate accounting to 37% followed by pleural fluid (30%), pus (8%) and gastric lavage amounting for 4% along with other miscellaneous samples making up the others to 21%. Out of 249 MTB detected samples, 47% were from lymph node aspirate, 13% from pleural fluid, 12% from pus, 3% from gastric lavage and 25% from other samples. We noted that the majority of the positive cases were rifampicin sensitive (97.68%). Conclusion: Results of our study suggest that younger age (third decade of life) and female gender may be independent risk factors for EPTB. In developing countries, the prevalence of EPTB is relatively lower than PTB but still it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment are important for reducing the case load. Women especially should be investigated thoroughly for EPTB and BCG vaccination should be encouraged.
Tunisian dialect cyberbullying detection with ML DL approach and rich feature set

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic detection of cyberbullying in the Tunisian dialect is a crucial area of research, particularly relevant in the context of increasing interactions on social networks. In this report, we present a multicriteria approach enriched by a diverse set of linguistic, stylistic and social features, to tackle this complex problem. It involves different machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. By developing and evaluating these models, this study highlights unique challenges and proposes innovative solutions to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cyberbullying detection. The results show promising performance, underlining the importance of an integrated and contextualized approach to meet the real needs of online users and promote a safer digital environment.
Principal component analysis for facial animation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a technique for animating a three-dimensional face model through the application of principal component analysis (PCA). Using PCA has several advantages over traditional approaches to facial animation because it reduces the number of parameters needed to describe a face and confines the facial motion to a valid space to prevent unnatural contortions. First, real data is optically captured in real time from a human subject using infrared cameras and reflective trackers. This data is analyzed to find a mean face and a set of eigenvectors and eigenvalues that are used to perturb the mean face within the range described by the captured data. The result is a set of vectors that can be linearly combined and interpolated to represent different facial expressions and animations. We also show that it is possible to map the eigenvectors of one face onto another face or to change the eigenvectors to describe new motion.
Dual-Polarized Antenna Arrays Based on Non-Uniform Partial Reflective Decoupling Layers for Vehicular Base Station Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, two non-uniform partially reflective decoupling layers (PRDLs) are applied to dual-polarized rectangular antenna arrays. By analyzing the coupled waves of the reference array and the reflected wave introduced by the PRDL, two-layer PRDLs are designed step-by-step. Compared to the array with only one-layer PRDL, the array with two-layer PRDLs can not only suppress various types of couplings but also improve the radiation performance. These PRDLs, which both have high dielectric constants in the two-dimensional plane, are composed of non-uniform artificial unit cells that are capable of reducing the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antennas while reducing the mutual coupling effectively. Simulated and measured results show that the isolation between antennas can be improved from 12 dB to more than 21 dB in the 1.71-2.2 GHz band, while the reflection coefficient remains below -15 dB. Compared with the reference array with no decoupling measures, the radiation pattern of the proposed array remains stable and the realized gain is increased. The proposed method is quite suitable for decoupling large-scale rectangular 5G MIMO arrays.
Aroma Impact Compounds of Red Wines from La Mancha Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aroma of six young red wines from minority grape varieties cultivated in La Mancha region has been studied by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O).The GC-O study revealed the presence of 102 aromatic notes in which 88 has been identified.Aroma compounds were classified according to their aroma descriptor similarity and summed in seven distinct aromatic series consisting on fruity, floral, sweet/toasted/caramel, spice, green/fresh/herbaceous, pungent/ acid/chemical/dry and others (liquorice, leather, tobacco and cooked vegetable).Although there were distinct quantitative differences among the wines relative aromatic series profile of the six wines were similar.Forty-five compounds of the components identified in the olfactometric analysis were quantified, 19 of which were found at concentrations higher than their corresponding odour thresholds.The strongest odorants in the CG-O experiments were similar in all cases, although significant differences in the intensity between the samples were noted.The components with the greatest capacity to introduce differences between these wines were beta-damascenone, ethyl dihydrocinnamate, gammabutyrolactone, 4-ethyl guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, isoeugenol, syringol, guaiacol, ethyl caprate and eugenol.The correlation between the olfactometric intensities and the quantitative data is, in general, satisfactory if the olfactometric differences between the samples are high.
Liquid Biopsy of Extracellular Microvesicles Predicts Future Major Ischemic Events in Genetically Characterized Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective— Circulating microvesicles (cMVs) exert regulatory roles in atherothrombosis. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that are at high risk for premature cardiovascular events (CVEs) have previously shown high levels of cMVs related to disease severity. However, much remains unknown about their value as markers of CVE. We sought to investigate the prognostic cMV signature for future major CVE presentation in patients with FH. Approach and Results— Liquid biopsies from genetically characterized patients with FH from the SAFEHEART (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort Study)-cohort without clinical manifestation of disease at entry that were going to suffer a CVE within a mean period of 3.3±2.6 years postsampling (CVE, N=92) and from age/cardiovascular risk factor/treatment-matched patients with FH that did not suffer an event within the same time-period (non-CVE, N=48) were investigated. cMVs were phenotyped by flow cytometry to identify activated parental cells. Patients with CVE had higher number of overall procoagulant annexin V + -cMVs than non-CVE ( P <0.05). Pan-leukocyte-derived and neutrophil-derived cMVs, as well as activated platelet-derived cMVs, were significantly higher in patients with CVE. Baseline number of cMVs derived from lymphocytes, neutrophils, and activated platelets were positively associated with mortality at follow-up ( P <0.05). Patient-risk calculated by classical cardiovascular risk-factor scores did not correlate with cMVs. Inclusion of the cMV signature into the SAFEHEART risk model for patients with FH for the prediction of ischemic events increased the area under the curve from 0.603±0.050 to 0.768±0.042 ( P <0.005). Conclusions— Patients with FH who are going to suffer a CVE within a mean period of 3.3 years, despite being treated according to guidelines, have ongoing innate immune cell and platelet activation. The proposed cMV signature is a prognostic marker for accelerated atherosclerosis and clinical event presentation in patients with FH.
What if they had not Gone Negative? A Counterfactual Assessment of the Impact from Negative Interest Rates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The counterfactual estimation technique of Pesaran and Smith ( ) is employed to provide an assessment of the impact stemming from the implementation of negative interest rates in three European economies (Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland). The analysis indicates that negative interest rates did not have a significant effect on bank lending growth or inflation in any country. This failure to reject the policy ineffectiveness hypothesis most likely lies in the fact that negative interest rates did not ease the situation for the factors restricting the supply of bank lending, namely bank funding costs and Return‐on‐Equity.
Concurrent fault and design error simulation in interactive simulation automation system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides efficient design verification methodologies based on concurrent simulation technique which is implemented in the interactive simulation automation system (ISAS). Concurrent simulation is not a new technique, however, the ISAS exploits many parallelisms during the simulation procedure and applies it to three different types of simulation: concurrent (C_sim), distributed concurrent (Dc_sim), and concurrent-concurrent (CON/sup 2/FERS). ISAS automates the simulation procedure with a graphic user interface and handles not only fault models, but also design error models. It generates fault and design error coverage metrics for the user. This paper provides a description of three types of concurrent simulators with performance results.
Gramsci and the Challenges for the Left: The Historical Bloc as A Strategic Concept

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The historical bloc is one of the central concepts of Antonio Gramsci's theoretical elaboration in the Prison Notebooks . It is not a descriptive, nor an analytic, concept. It is a strategic concept. It does not refer to social alliances, but to the intersection between analysis and strategy, representing Gramsci's attempt to theorize the possibility of hegemony in its integral form, namely in the dialectical unity of structure and superstructures. Therefore, in terms of strategy, it implies that the struggle for hegemony is the struggle for a new historical bloc, namely an articulation of transition programs emanating from the collective struggle, ingenuity and experimentation of the subaltern classes, organizational forms, new political practices, and new political intellectualities. Consequently, it offers a way to rethink the strategic challenges that the left faces, in periods when questions of political power and hegemony are indeed becoming crucial.
Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have been shown to regulate various developmental processes. However, the function of heparan sulfate (HS) during the development of mammalian stomach has not been characterized yet. Here, we investigate the role of epithelial HS in embryonic stomach by examining mice deficient in the glycosyltransferase gene Ext1. We show that HS exhibits a specific and dynamic expression pattern in mouse embryonic stomach. Depletion of the epithelial HS leads to stomach hypoplasia, with phenotypic differences in the gastric mucosa between the forestomach and hindstomach. In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity. Inhibition of Fgf signaling in vitro recapitulates the patterning defect. Ligand and carbohydrate engagement assay (LACE) reveals a diminished assembly of Fgf10 and Fgfr2b in the mutant. In the anterior stomach, loss of epithelial HS leads to stratification and differentiation defects of the multilayered squamous epithelium, along with reduced Hh and Bmp signaling activity. Our data demonstrate that epithelial HS plays multiple roles in regulating mammalian stomach morphogenesis in a regional-specific manner.
Syntheses of Aporphine and Homoaporphine Alkaloids by Intramolecular ortho-Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Halides via SRN1 Reactions in Liquid Ammonia

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photostimulated intramolecular ortho-arylation reactions of bromoarenes linked with pendant phenoxy containing N-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in liquid ammonia afforded aporphine (54-82% yield) alkaloid derivatives via SRN1 reactions. This strategy was extended for the first time to the synthesis of a homoaporphine derivative (40% yield). Tetrahydroisoquinoline precursors that contained electron-withdrawing groups on nitrogen (i.e., amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates) gave cyclized products, whereas precursors with basic nitrogens (i.e., NH or NMe) either failed to yield cyclized products or gave aporphines in only low yield.