jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Devotion as a component of motivation and a factor of success of failure of the organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The leader must know that efficiency and effectiveness of the employees in realization of common goals in the organizational system is in inseparable and proportional relation to their satisfaction, motivation and devotion to work. In other words, money, i.e. salary, is not the only motivator, but there are numerous factors and motivators which simulate the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees in accomplishing the goals of the organization, and satisfaction, earning and devotion to work are certainly one of them. Regardless of the fact that the term "motivation" includes in itself the motivators as satisfaction and devotion, there are still some tiny differences which can be revealed can be revealed through their characteristics.
Incorporating global warming risks in power sector planning: A case study of the New England region. Volume 2, Appendices

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The following topics are described in reference to electric power production in New England: Fuel Prices; Emission Factors and Externality Surcharges; Cost and Potential of Demand-Site Efficiency Improvements; Fuel Switching; Conventional Utility Generation; Gas Supply Constraints; Cogeneration Potential; Biomass Resources; Potential Power Production from Municipal Solid Waste; and Wind Resource Potential.
Critical points in an algebra of elementary embeddings, II

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we continue the study of a left-distributive algebra of elementary embeddings from the collection of sets of rank less than lambda to itself, as well as related finite left-distributive algebras (which can be defined without reference to large cardinals). In particular, we look at the critical points (least ordinals moved) of the elementary embeddings; simple statements about these ordinals can be reformulated as purely algebraic statements concerning the left distributive law. Previously, lower bounds on the number of critical points have been used to show that certain such algebraic statements, known to follow from large cardinals, require more than Primitive Recursive Arithmetic to prove. Here we present the first few steps of a program that, if it can be carried to completion, should give exact computations of the number of critical points, thereby showing that hypotheses only slightly beyond Primitive Recursive Arithmetic would suffice to prove the aforementioned algebraic statements. Some of the main results here were discovered through examination of bit patterns from extensive calculations in the finite algebras; this may be the first serious example of computer-aided research in the theory of large cardinals. The results in this paper have a large overlap with results of A. Drapal, which were obtained independently at about the same time, but from a quite different point of view.
Chicago Jazz

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book offers a wide-ranging look at jazz in the Windy City, revealing how Chicago became the major centre for jazz in the 1920s, one of the most vital periods in the history of the music. It describes how the migration of blacks from the South to Chicago before and after World War I set the stage for the development of jazz in Chicago, and how nightclubs and cabarets became the social setting for aficionados and musicians, black and white. In an examination of such well known greats as Louis Armstrong and King Oliver, the book sheds new light on the musical and cultural context in which jazz developed. And it travels beyond the South Side of Chicago to examine the evolution of white jazz and the influence of the South Side school on young players. Drawing on the personal recollections of many who experienced the influence of the Jazz Age, as well as historical texts, the book presents a new interpretation of Chicago jazz that shows the influence of race, culture, and politics on its development.
Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Imbalances of the oral microbiota and dysbiosis have traditionally been linked to the occurrence of teeth and oral diseases. However, recent findings indicate that this microbiota exerts relevant influence in systemic health. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota is implicated in the apparition and progression of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and other major human diseases. In fact, the oral microbiota are the second most diverse and largely populated microbiota of the human body and its relationships with systemic health, although widely explored, they still lack of proper integration. The purpose of this systematic review is thus to widely examine the implications of oral microbiota in oral, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases to offer integrative and up-to-date interpretations. To achieve that aim, we identified a total of 121 studies curated in PUBMED from the time interval January 2003–April 2022, which after careful screening resulted in 79 studies included. The reviewed scientific literature provides plausible vias of implication of dysbiotic oral microbiota in systemic human diseases, and encourages further research to continue elucidating the highly relevant and still poorly understood implications of this niche microbiota in systemic health. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022299692. This systematic review follows relevant PRISMA guidelines.
Ultrasound provides a 'window' into the brain during surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A large tumor of the acoustic nerve was pressing on the brain stem. It could not be removed completely, but University of Chicago neurosurgeons hoped to make the few remaining years of the patient, an elderly woman, as comfortable as possible. They proposed to go directly to the tumor's center, then core out as much as possible. Operating room preparations, however, included something extra. George J. Dohrmann III, MD, PhD, and Jonathan M. Rubin, MD, PhD, set up the ultrasound equipment they've been using in neurological surgery since 1980. In this case, a neurosurgical resident wondered aloud why they were going to all that trouble, since "you can see the tumor clearly on the CT [computed tomography] scan." "Well," said Dohrmann, an assistant professor of neurosurgery at the university's Pritzker School of Medicine, "let's see what ultrasound will do for us." What ultrasound will do for all neurosurgeons, Rubin and
Untersuchungen zum Milchfluss aus Eutervierteln

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Title of the paper: Investigation of milk flow from udder quarters 672 milk flow curves of 30 cows from the milkings of one quarter and from the corresponding complete milkings of the respective following day were registered. With the aid of the ultrasound technique and an imaging analysis system the teat Channel lengths, the teat wall thickness and the teat tissue areas were meseared before and after milking. The duration of decreasing flow rate of the complete milking can be explained by the traits of the milk flow curves of the quarter milkings. The maximum flow rate and the average flow rate were influenced by the shape traits of the teat apex.
Modulation of the Neurothrophic Activity by Ballota nigra L. Crataegus oxycantha L., Passiflora incarnata L. and Valeriana officinalis L. and their Combination in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Neurotrophins such as the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as cytokines play an important role in neuroprotec-tion, the control of the central nervous system, and change with different sleep patterns. We questioned whether the plant extracts of Ballotra nigra L, Crataegus oxycantha L, Passiflora incarnata L. and Valeriana officinalis L. alone or in combination can modulate the pro-inflam-matory cytokines, neurothrophines or neuro-transmitters in vitro.
Rasemik Mandelijk Asidin enzim destekli ultrafiltrasyon ile ayrılması.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, resolution of racemic mandelic acid by enyzme enhanced ultrafiltration (EEUF) was studied. In order to develop a methodology, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein for polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) experiments and the enzyme S-mandelate dehydrogenase was used for EEUF experiments. To be used for enzyme enhanced ultrafiltration experiments, the gene which is responsible from the production of S-mandelate dehydrogenase was isolated from Pseudomonas putida, expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant enzyme was produced. For PEUF experiments, effects of pH and ligand ratio were investigated. Total retention of mandelic acid increased with decrease in pH and total retention of mandelic acid reached to a maximum value of 74.4% at pH 4.3. For EEUF experiments, pH and ligand ratio effect on total retention, enantiomeric excess, enantioselectivity were investigated. Although apoenzyme was tried to be obtained by diafiltration and conversion was tried to be prevented, conversion occured especially at high pH values. To create the apoenzyme effect, three methods were studied. Enzyme conversion was prevented by sodium sulfite inhibition but enzyme did not retain mandelic acid. By oxygen saturation of enzyme, conversion was prevented, binding was achieved but enzyme showed no enantioselectivity. When the enzyme was diafiltrated at pH 10.0, total mandelic acid retention, enantiomeric excess and enantioselectivity reached to 77.2%, 38.9%, 2.27, respectively and the enzyme selectivity was reversed as R-selective.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion Behavior of Sputter‐Deposited Amorphous Al‐Cr‐Mo Alloys in 1 M HCl.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Applying Dyer’s Star Theory to Sport: Understanding the Cultivation of Athlete Stardom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sports stars and heroes have always been a product of the times in which they have existed and, as such, athlete stars, largely constructed by and through the media, have evolved over time. In particular, the meanings of characteristics that have defined stars of different generations have changed as society’s expectations and social norms have evolved. This can be understood through Richard Dyer’s (1998) star theory, which states that to cultivate their stardom a celebrity must resonate with the ideals, values, and spirit of the time. This theoretical paper aims to highlight how Dyer’s star theory – originally developed as a means of understanding the construction of movie stars by mainstream media – can be used to understand the ways in which athlete stars can promote star attributes to cultivate their stardom by displaying modern values and presenting themselves as both “ordinary” and “extraordinary.” By creating a framework for understanding the process of creating athlete stardom, we are also able to begin to understand how athletes’ social media activities and stardom will evolve in the future, thus creating an important tool for athletes and their managers responsible for enhancing their brand. To expound and enrich the theory a survey of sports fans is included. The survey responses provide insights into how the expectations of fans can influence social athlete social media strategies and the cultivation of athlete stars.
Insulin treatment of maternal diabetes mellitus and respiratory outcome in late-preterm and term singletons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives While the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy has been steadily increasing in recent years, the link between gestational DM and respiratory outcome in neonates has not been definitely established. We asked the question whether DM status and its treatment during pregnancy could influence the risk of neonatal respiratory distress. Design We studied in a large retrospective cohort the relationship between maternal DM status (non-DM, insulin-treated DM (IT-DM) and non-insulin-treated DM (NIT-DM)), and respiratory distress in term and near-term inborn singletons. Results Among 18 095 singletons delivered at 34 weeks of gestation or later, 412 (2.3%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for respiratory distress within the first hours of life. The incidence of NICU admission due to respiratory distress groups was 2.2%, 5.7% and 2.1% in the non-DM, IT-DM and NIT-DM groups, respectively. Insulin treatment of DM, together with several other perinatal factors, was associated with a significant increased risk for respiratory distress. Several markers of the severity of respiratory illness, including durations of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were also found increased following IT-DM as compared with NIT-DM. In a multivariate model, we found that IT-DM, but not NIT-DM, was significantly associated with respiratory distress independent of gestational age and caesarean section, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.44 (1.00–2.08). Conclusions This study shows that the treatment of maternal DM with insulin during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for respiratory distress in term and near-term newborns.
Determination of major to trace level elements in Zircaloys by electrolyte cathode discharge atomic emission spectrometry using formic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An electrolyte cathode discharge atomic emission spectrometry (ELCAD-AES) method using formic acid is described for the determination of major to trace level of the elements Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ca in Zircaloys. The influence of HCOOH and CH3COOH to improve the sensitivity of ELCAD-AES for analyte determination is investigated. Sensitivity of ELCAD-AES was significantly improved with HCOOH for the determination of these elements. 20% (v/v) HCOOH was found to produce a maximum enhancement in the sensitivity of ELCAD-AES for the analytes. With 20% (v/v) HCOOH, improved detection limits were determined for Ni (5 ng mL−1), Co (9 ng mL−1), Fe (16 ng mL−1), Mn (7 ng mL−1), Mg (5 ng mL−1), Cu (6 ng mL−1), Cr (65 ng mL−1), Pb (10 ng mL−1), and Ca (8 ng mL−1). The improvement is 2-fold for most elements, 5-fold for Pb, and essentially unchanged for Cr. The use of HCOOH enabled the direct determination of analytes in Zircaloys by ELCAD-AES. The method has been validated by determining the concentrations of analytes Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ca in a Zircaloy certified reference material (Zircaloy-4 NIST-360b) and also in a Zircaloy sample which was analysed by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometer (GD-QMS). The precision expressed as a percentage relative standard deviation of signals of multiple analyses (N = 4) of the ELCAD-AES method was found to be between 2 and 10% for major (>0.1 wt%) and minor level (<0.1 wt% and >100 μg g−1) elements and 10–15% for trace level (<100 μg g−1 and >10 ng g−1) elements. Depending on the levels of the impurities the relative error in accuracy of the ELCAD-AES method was found to be between 3 and 20%.
1098 - CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN FOLLOWING A SEVERE INFLICTED INJURY: A SINGLE-CENTER, RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MALTREATMENT OF CHILDREN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aim The study investigates the incidence of children left unattended in parked motor vehicles in Italy. According to the Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act, this phenomenon can be considered a form of neglect. Compared to adults, children are more vulnerable: infact their exposure to warm environments could result in death from hyperthermia and heat stroke. The explanations could be that children have a high surface area body mass ratio, a less heat dissipation from the center to the periphery of the body and a less sweat production.Methods We have collected data from two sources. The first one was the Null of San Francisco State University , that has been used in United States since 1998, to identify hyperthermia deaths of children, and has been updated the 25th September 2012. The second source consisted in informations aquired from newspaper indexes and news websites between 1st May, 2011 and the 31st August, 2012.Results The study shows that between 1 May 2011 and 31 August 2012, 38 cases of childhood hyperthermia occurred due to abandonment in parked vehicles. We identified 20 males, 16 females and in 1 case the gender of the child was unidentifiable. In 4 cases the children left unattended were 2. In 73.7% cases the children were lefted intentionally in the car, in 23.7% unintentionally, the intentionality was not clear in 2.6% cases.Conclusions The pediatrician has a very important role to play, providing information on car safety and the potential dangers of heat stress.
Colloidal synthesis and thermoelectric properties of La-doped SrTiO3 nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe n-type nanostructured bulk thermoelectric La-doped SrTiO3 materials produced by spark plasma sintering of chemically synthesized colloidal nanocrystals. The La doping levels could be readily controlled from 3 to 9.0 at% by varying the experimental conditions. We found that nanoscale interfaces were preserved even after the sintering process, and the thermoelectric properties of the nanostructured bulk La-doped SrTiO3 were characterized. An enhanced thermoelectric efficiency was observed and attributed to the large decrease in thermal conductivity obtained with no significant change in the Seebeck coefficient or electrical conductivity. The nanostructured bulk of the La-doped SrTiO3 exhibited a maximum ZT of similar to 0.37 at 973 K at 9.0 at% La doping, which is one of the highest values reported for doped SrTiO3. Furthermore, the materials showed high thermal stability, which is important for practical high-temperature thermoelectric applications. This report demonstrates the high potential for low-cost thermoelectric energy production using highly stable and inexpensive oxide materials.
Control of Plasma Nitric Oxide Bioactivity by Perfluorocarbons

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background— Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are promising blood substitutes because of their chemical inertness and unparalleled ability to transport and upload O 2 and CO 2 . Here, we report that PFC emulsions also efficiently absorb and transport nitric oxide (NO). Methods and Results— Accumulation of NO and O 2 in PFC micelles results in rapid NO oxidation and generation of reactive NO x species. Such micellar catalysis of NO oxidation leads to formation of vasoactive S -nitrosothiols (RSNO) in vitro and in vivo as detected electrochemically. The efficiency of PFC-mediated S -nitrosation depends on the amount of PFC in aqueous solution. The optimal PFC concentration that produced the maximum level of RSNO was ≈1% (vol/vol). Larger PFC amounts were progressively less efficient in generating RSNO and functioned simply as NO sink. These results explain the characteristic hemodynamic effects of PFCs. Intravenous bolus application of PFC (0.14 g/kg, ≈1% vol/vol) to Wistar-Kyoto rats decreased mean arterial pressure significantly (−10 mm Hg over 40 minutes). PFC-induced hypotension could be further stimulated (−17 mm Hg over 140 minutes) by exogenous thiols (cysteine and glutathione). In contrast, a larger amount of PFC (1 g/kg, ≈7% vol/vol) exhibited a strong hypertensive effect (11 mm Hg over 40 minutes). Conclusions— The present study reveals a physiologically significant pool of endogenous plasma NO and underscores the crucial role of the circulating hydrophobic phase in modulating its bioactivity. The results also establish PFC as a conceptually new pharmacological tool for various cardiovascular complications associated with NO imbalance.
Consensus recommendations regarding local and metastasis‐directed therapies in the management of relapsed/recurrent Ewing sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Limited randomized or prospective data are available to guide local/metastasis directed therapy (LMDT) in relapsed/recurrent Ewing sarcoma (RR‐ES), resulting in uncertainty regarding best clinical practice for these patients. This report reviews the available literature on LMDT approaches and provides consensus recommendations regarding therapeutic decision making, timing, and indications for the use of LMDT in the management of RR‐ES. LMDT should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis to assess appropriateness, optimal timing/modality, palliative versus curative intent, and its role in relation to chemotherapy. One commonly used LMDT is radiotherapy (RT), which can be delivered through standard, hypofractionated, or stereotactic techniques based on factors including prior RT, tumor size, and/or location. Chemotherapy can be combined with RT, although prospective data are limited in the relapse setting. Surgery for LMDT not only addresses the tumor but also provides tissue for analysis, though the potential surgical morbidity based on location, extent of resection, and recovery complications should be considered. Interventional radiology approaches also can procure tumor tissue while delivering LMDT; there are several different procedures available based on the location, size, and extent of disease. Finally, a combination of LMDT approaches can be used for patients with RR‐ES. Decisions regarding the management of RR‐ES should involve a multidisciplinary team and factor in the burden of disease, progression‐free interval, life expectancy, toxicity profiles of LMDT, and quality of life. In such patients, informed and shared decision making with patients and their families is paramount.
Modification of the photosensitive CCD structures for application in the spectrometric equipment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Problems of using most of the common CCD photodetectors in the optical spectrometers are described. Suppression of the interferential distortions of the spectral data by deposition of an additional transparent layer on a CCD surface is shown. Additional film with optical parameters close to silicon dioxide considerably reduces the effect of interference. Comparison of the radiation spectra of different sources before and after modification of the CCD structure is carried out.
Unusually loud ambient noise in tidewater glacier fjords: A signal of ice melt

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In glacierized fjords, the ice‐ocean boundary is a physically and biologically dynamic environment that is sensitive to both glacier flow and ocean circulation. Ocean ambient noise offers insight into processes and change at the ice‐ocean boundary. Here we characterize fjord ambient noise and show that the average noise levels are louder than nearly all measured natural oceanic environments (significantly louder than sea ice and nonglacierized fjords). Icy Bay, Alaska, has an annual average sound pressure level of 120 dB (referenced to 1 μPa) with a broad peak between 1000 and 3000 Hz. Bubble formation in the water column as glacier ice melts is the noise source, with variability driven by fjord circulation patterns. Measurements from two additional fjords, in Alaska and Antarctica, support that this unusually loud ambient noise in Icy Bay is representative of glacierized fjords. These high noise levels likely alter the behavior of marine mammals.