jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Smoke Gets in Your Eyes: Cigarette Tax Salience and Regressivity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent evidence suggests consumers pay less attention to commodity taxes levied at the register than to taxes included in a good's posted price. If this attention gap is larger for high-income consumers than for low-income consumers, policymakers can manipulate a tax's regressivity by altering the fraction of the tax imposed at the register. We investigate income differences in attentiveness to cigarette taxes, exploiting state and time variation in cigarette excise and sales tax rates. Whereas all consumers respond to taxes that appear in cigarettes' posted price, our results suggest that only low-income consumers respond to taxes levied at the register. (JEL D12, H22, H25, H71, L66)
The transformation of the postal services of Trinidad and Tobago

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines the change management aspect of the corporatisation of the Trinidad and Tobago Post Office. Interviews were conducted with key actors and the major unclassified documents were examined. An analysis of the sequence of events revealed a model of change management, but there is no evidence that the actors in the process explicitly developed it. Its competent application may explain the low level of opposition to the corporatisation of the Post Office and its success to this point. It is suggested that the model may be used to guide researchers and administrators in the future. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct determination of the non-linear connection between tension and transverse amplitude for a vibrating string

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A vibrating stretched string is one of the most fundamental physical systems where non-linear effects play a central role. We describe results obtained with a new, dedicated experimental setup that allows unverified details of the dynamics of this classical problem to be addressed experimentally. The setup uniquely allows simultaneous registration of the transverse motion of the string as well as the longitudinal tension in the string during oscillation over extended times. The explicit non-linear connection between the string tension and the transverse oscillation amplitude is thus directly experimentally determined, allowing us to distinguish between previously reported diverging descriptions. For forced vibrations, frequency response curves for the transverse amplitudes are obtained, and found to be in good agreement with predictions from a simplified model, while the model only qualitatively reproduces the observed phases of transverse oscillation relative to the phase of the driving force. A frequency analysis of the observed string tension reveals a richer dynamics than anticipated from a simple model, and from the observed frequency response curves alone. For free oscillations, the setup is used to demonstrate the variation of the normal mode frequency with the transverse amplitudes. The reported setup is well-suited as a demonstration experiment on non-linear oscillatory phenomena, as well as a student project in either introductory or advanced mechanics teaching.
Effects of STING stimulation on macrophages: STING agonists polarize into “classically” or “alternatively” activated macrophages?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was defined as an important molecule for promoting antitumor immunity through mediating type I interferon (IFN) production by sensing its ligands such as cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Our recent study indeed demonstrated that intratumoral injection of cGAMP showed effective antitumor responses via accumulating activated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment in a STING-dependent manner. Because the antitumor effect of cGAMP was abrogated when macrophages were depleted, the existence of the activated macrophages in the tumor site would be important for effective antitumor immune responses. Macrophages show phenotypic diversity and plasticity and are categorized into several groups by stimulation factors, e.g. IFN-γ and IL-4 for M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. However, the impact of STING stimulation on the macrophage activation status remains to be evaluated. Here we summarize the complex polarized status of macrophages and the signaling cascade triggered by STING stimulation and also discuss the impact of STING signaling on the macrophage activation status for future directions.
Building hospitality institutionality in Campos do Jordão/Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study started from the guiding problematic of how to structure a city by seeking experience management based on hospitality. An analysis of the general theory of systems, based on North’s [(1993). The new institutional economics and development. Retrieved from http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/NewInstE.North.pdf.] understanding, was applied to the hospitality sector, enhanced by the lens of hospitality as exemplified by Lashley [(2000a). In search of hospitality: Towards a theoretical framework. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19(1), 3–15; (2015). Hospitality and hospitableness. Revista Hospitalidade, 12(special issue), 70–92.]. It is necessary to take into consideration the social scenarios where hospitality and actions linked to hospitality conditions take place as well as the impacts caused by social forces. Thus, the aim of the present study is to build the institutionality of ‘being welcome’ in Campos do Jordão/Brazil. The exploratory research was the methodological design adopted herein, which was based on a qualitative perspective substantiated by literature reviews. Based on the analysis of the collected data, it was possible to suggest a hospitality system model for Campos do Jordão City. The research allowed the development of a model based on acknowledging citizens as hosts, and it enabled hospitality relationships and experiences.
Nursing of 30 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) of obstetrical department

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the clinical nursing character of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC) of Obstetricians. Methods Totally 30 cases of DIC were retrospectively reviewed. Results All of 30 cases have a definite etiology of DIC, the cure rate is 93.33%. Conclusion We must strictly discover etiology and supervising care as early as possible , managing the combing symptom and report to the doctors in time. It is indispensable to establish the efficiency passage of vein, to perform cure measure in time, all measures supply guarantee for the succeeding in cure.
Transendothelial Migration of Human B Cells: Chemokine versus Antigen

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract B cells, like T cells, can infiltrate sites of inflammation, but the processes and B cell subsets involved are poorly understood. Using human cells and in vitro assays, we find only a very small number of B cells will adhere to TNF-activated (but not to resting) human microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) under conditions of venular flow and do so by binding to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. CXCL13 and, to a lesser extent, CXCL10 bound to the ECs can increase adhesion and induce transendothelial migration (TEM) of adherent naive and memory B cells in 10–15 min through a process involving cell spreading, translocation of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) into a trailing uropod, and interacting with EC activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. Engagement of the BCR by EC-bound anti-κ L chain Ab also increases adhesion and TEM of κ+ but not λ+ B cells. BCR-induced TEM takes 30–60 min, requires Syk activation, is initiated by B cell rounding up and translocation of the microtubule organizing center to the region of the B cell adjacent to the EC, and also uses EC activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule for TEM. BCR engagement reduces the number of B cells responding to chemokines and preferentially stimulates TEM of CD27+ B cells that coexpress IgD, with or without IgM, as well as CD43. RNA-sequencing analysis suggests that peripheral blood CD19+CD27+CD43+IgD+ cells have increased expression of genes that support BCR activation as well as innate immune properties in comparison with total peripheral blood CD19+ cells.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON SELF-REPORTED KNEE PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combined Effects of Diet and Exercise Intervention on Self-Reported Knee Pain Associated with Osteoarthritis BY Henna Muzaffar Background: Osteoarthritis ranks among the top three health care problems in the developed world. It is a leading cause of disability in the elderly population and the relative economic impact of this condition has reached 2.5 percent of the gross national product. Lifestyle changes including nutrition and physical activity are now recommended as the first line of treatment for osteoarthritis. Vitamin A, C, D, and E have shown beneficial effects because of their anti-oxidant capacity and role in the metabolism of bone and cartilage. The American College of Rheumatology recommends moderate intensity exercise as it helps to decrease pain, increase muscle strength and improve physical function. However, the combined impact of dietary and exercise intervention needs to be investigated further. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were randomly assigned to either the dietary modification only group or the dietary modification/exercise regimen group for a period of three months. They made two visits to the assessment laboratory where anthropometric measurements were taken, five questionnaires were administered, and subjects received relevant counseling. Results: After three months of intervention, the nutrition and exercise intervention had a significant effect on extension (P= 0.041). There was no difference in flexion from baseline to final in either of the treatments groups or between the treatment groups. The nutrition and exercise intervention in comparison to nutrition alone was also associated with a greater reduction in pain from baseline to follow up (p= 0.02). Conclusion: In summary, the findings of this study suggest that lifestyle modifications which focus on changes in dietary and exercise behaviors can improve joint mobility via positive changes in the range of motion and pain of the knee afflicted with osteoarthritis.
Genital Bleeding during the Administration of Danazol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In an effort to reduce undesirable bleeding during danazol treatment, we attempted to see any correlation between the frequency of bleeding and the starting period of danazol treatment during the menstrual cycle. We studied 57 women who were suffering from endometriosis externa and given danazol (400 mg/day) for periods between 16 and 24 weeks. The patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the day administration of the drug began; 18 patients started on the 1st or 2nd day of the menstrual cycle, 12 on the 3rd day, 20 on the 5th day and 7 after the 10th day. The rate of bleeding was 6.8±6.3% (M±SD) in the group starting on the 1st or 2nd day. This was significantly smaller than that of other groups starting treatment later in the menstrual cycle. The number of patients with complete amenorrhea throughout the entire treatment period was significantly higher in the group beginning administration of danazol on the 1st or 2nd day of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, administration of danazol should be started as early as possible in the menstrual cycle to reduce the frequency of bleeding.
Observation of anisotropic interlayer Raman modes in few-layer ReS2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ReS$_2$ has recently emerged as a new member in the rapidly growing family of two-dimensional materials. Unlike MoS$_2$ or WSe$_2$, the optical and electrical properties of ReS$_2$ are not isotropic due to the reduced symmetry of the crystal. Here, we present layer-dependent Raman measurements of ReS$_2$ samples ranging from monolayers to ten layers in the ultralow frequency regime. We observe layer breathing and shear modes which allow for easy assignment of the number of layers. Polarization-dependent measurements give further insight into the crystal structure and reveal an energetic shift of the shear mode which stems from the in-plane anisotropy of the shear modulus in this material.
Overcoming oxygen inhibition effect by TODA in acrylate-based ceramic-filled inks

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polymerization of an acrylate-based ink, filled with aluminum oxide nanoparticles, which is going to be used in PolyJet™ technology (Stratasys Ltd., Israel), was investigated. In a free-radical photopolymerization of acrylates, oxygen inhibits polymerization and results in a decreased monomer conversion. The presented research shows the influence of TODA (2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid) on the polymerization degree and mitigation of the oxygen inhibition effect. By incorporating 20–40 vol% of TODA into the system, full polymerization of acrylate in air atmosphere can be achieved. This is due to dissociable hydrogens in the TODA structure. In addition, TODA can overcome agglomeration of the aluminum oxide nanoparticles in the ceramic-filled ink due to steric stabilization.
Anesthetic management of gigantic pheochromocytoma resection with inferior vena cava and right atrium tumor thrombosis: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: This report describes one case of anesthetic management about surgical resection of a malignant phaeochromocytoma with tumor extension into vena cava and right atrium in a patient. Report for anesthetic management is limited in these patients under surgical resection until now. Case presentation: In September 2015, a 24-year-old male presented to the department of cardiology with right flank pain and hypertensive urgency in our hospital. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen and MRI abdomen revealed right adrenal mass suspicious of malignancy with invasion and compression to the right IVC wall along with IVC thrombus extending from the level of renal veins to the level of confluence with hepatic veins. Echocardiography shown no abnormal detection. Finally, this patient gave up the surgical resection of phaeochromocytoma and chose the expectant treatment. In April 2018, this patient once again presented to the emergence department with a persistent cough and intermittent wheezing character for 5 hour. Contrast-enhanced CT and echocardiography shown existing IVC thrombus had extended into the right atrium. After the careful preoperative preparation, adrenalectomy with complete thrombus excision by inferior vena cava exploration and right atriotomy were performed successfully by a multidisciplinary team. After one month post-operation care, the patient healthily leave our hospital. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of pheochromocytoma in IVC and right atrium thrombosis has not been reported so far from mainland China. This clinical case may supply a rare reference experience for surgical treatment and anesthetic management in the group of phaeochromocytoma patient with distance vascular extension. Keywords: Adrenal tumor; Malignant phaeochromocytoma; Inferior vena cava; Right atrium; Tumor thrombus.
[HIV and blood donors: past, present and future].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High prevalence of HIV-positive donors is found, the expected figure for 1995 being 0.37% if the present trends are maintained. Thus, a better selection of blood donors is recommended by means of careful enquiries, the use of optimal reagents capable of shortening the window period, deferring people at risk from blood donation, and promoting altruistic voluntary donation of blood.
Electrification of remote villages in Assam (India): Issues and case studies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Rural electrification in India has received considerable attention and funding lately. However, these efforts are often disorganized, and do not consider the full set of locally available resources. This study presents our analysis for Assam, a Northeastern state in India, which has more than 2000 (or, 25%) of un-electrified villages. Our site visits, discussions, research and analysis spanning over a year, show that it is possible to efficiently combine local resources and distribution network extension using SWER, to electrify many of these villages at a fraction of a cost of the current policy measures using solar home lighting systems. We also emphasise the need to customize the solution for different areas given the variation in local resources among other things. The sample projects we have selected are currently being considered for pilot projects, to be rolled out throughout the state and possibly other states.
Intraluminal thrombus asymmetrical deposition in ruptured and symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) has special attention in these studies. One of the papers showed that asymmetrical intraluminal thrombus deposition (ATDI) has an important role in growth of the AAA. The aim of our study was to assess the asymmetrical thrombus deposition index in ruptured and symptomatic aneurysms. We collected data for 33 aneurysms, 21 (63.63%) asymptomatic and 12 (33.37%) ruptured or symptomatic. Asymmetrical thrombus deposition index (ATDI) was measured by Onis DICOM viewer software. Also, lumen's geometrical centre (LGC) was defined and ATDI was considered positive when the LGC was laid on the posterior section of the sac (meaning dominant anterior ILT distribution) and negative when it was laid on the anterior section (meaning dominant posterior ILT distribution). Maximum aneurysm diameter was 63.4mm in average (50-100mm, SD=12.89); 59.8mm in asymptomatic and 71.16mm in symptomatic or ruptured aneurysm (p=0.012). The absolute value of asymmetric thrombus deposition index was significantly higher in symptomatic/ruptured compared to asymptomatic aneurysm, 0.54 and 0.33, respectively (p=0.041), while there was no difference in frequency of positive or negative thrombus deposition (p=0.261). There was no significant correlation between maximal aneurysm size and absolute value of ATDI (p=0.505). Values of thrombus deposition index are correlating with the development of symptomatology or rupture of the AAA. This variable should be included in much wider mathematical rupture prediction model in order to have more accurate rupture risk assessment.
“Pedagogy into Practice: Teaching Music Theory in the Twenty-First Century”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 2020 "Pedagogy into Practice: Teaching Music Theory in the Twenty-First Century" Daniel Harrison Daniel Harrison Daniel Harrison is Allen Forte Professor of Music Theory at Yale University. He is author of Harmonic Function in Chromatic Music (1994) and Pieces of Tradition (2016). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Music Theory (2020) 64 (2): 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1215/00222909-8550831 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Daniel Harrison; "Pedagogy into Practice: Teaching Music Theory in the Twenty-First Century". Journal of Music Theory 1 October 2020; 64 (2): 297–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00222909-8550831 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Music Theory Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2020 by Yale University2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Conference Report You do not currently have access to this content.
Pramlintide Acetate

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The July 2005 monograph topics are exenatide injection, inhaled insulin, fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant, tigecycline, and medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension. The DUE is on exenatide injection.
Low-Rank Approximation of Matrices for PMI-based Word Embeddings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We perform an empirical evaluation of several methods of low-rank approximation in the problem of obtaining PMI-based word embeddings. All word vectors were trained on parts of a large corpus extracted from English Wikipedia (enwik9) which was divided into two equal-sized datasets, from which PMI matrices were obtained. A repeated measures design was used in assigning a method of low-rank approximation (SVD, NMF, QR) and dimensionality of the vectors (250, 500) to each of the PMI matrix replicates. Our experiments show that word vectors obtained from the truncated SVD achieve the best performance on two downstream tasks, similarity and analogy, compare to the other two low-rank approximation methods.
United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Administrative Procedure Act governs the rulemaking process in the U.S., requiring agencies to provide public notice and seek comment when proposing new regulations or revising or repealing existing ones. Agencies must consider the comments and in the final rule explain how they addressed significant issues raised by commenters. A final rule is subject to judicial review to ensure it conforms with legal requirements, including those concerning notice and comment. The evaluation of regulatory costs and benefits is well developed in the U.S. RIAs are required for all significant regulatory proposals, and full RIAs are required for proposals with annual impacts over USD 100 million. Ex post evaluation of subordinate regulations has been mandatory since 2011. The U.S. could benefit from strengthening the link between ex ante and ex post evaluation, for example by requiring regulators to identify a process for assessing progress in achieving a regulation's goals as part of RIA or by mandating a post-implementation review for regulations exempted from RIA.
Exploring the Frontiers of Serotoninomics in Male Reproduction: The Future Ahead

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Since its discovery in the past century by Green, Page and Rapport (1948), to the present time, several physiological actions of serotonin has been discovered. Besides physiological functions, several components of serotoninergic system and its participation in some neurological diseases (i.e. depression, schizophrenia) also have been reported. During previous decades, a lot of experimental techniques have allowed us to locate, detect, analyze and describe the serotoninergic system and its role in different organs and tissues; at the time of 60’s and 70’s of century XX, techniques such as histochemistry for indolamines or Falck-Hillarp method, fluorescence microscopy and the realization of measurements of concentrations in tissues or blood using chromatography enabled significant progress in the study of this indolamine;