jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Coping Strategies in Overcoming Goal-related Obstacles in Patients with Diabetes: An Exploratory Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction Diabetes represents a potential chronic source of obstacles that interfere with the achievement of goals in the areas of weight maintenance, diet, glycemia, work, exercise, and overall quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate how patients with type I and II diabetes manage such obstacles and what role their coping strategies play in relation to action crisis. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 70 patients completed a questionnaire measuring diabetes-interfered goals, goal progression, frequency and intensity of obstacles, the Action Crisis Scale, the Brief COPE Inventory, self-efficacy, and negative emotions. Results The sample showed higher mean Action Crisis scores (M = 3.78) than healthy populations in other research. Problem-focused strategies (active problem solving, planning, seeking support) were the most used, followed by emotional strategies (emotional support, acceptance), while dysfunctional strategies (alcohol/substance use, behavioral escape) were used the least. Discussion Obstacle frequency was not directly related to action crisis but was correlated with negative emotions (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). In turn, negative emotions were related to obstacle frequency (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), suggesting the potential for negative emotions to mediate the relationship between action crisis and obstacle frequency. Dysfunctional coping strategies also showed a positive relationship with action crisis (r =0.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion Interventions for patients with diabetes should (a) reduce the frequency of goal obstacles, (b) train negative emotion regulation, (c) maintain and celebrate goal progress to increase goal self-efficacy, and (d) not only reinforce adaptive coping strategies but, more importantly, suppress dysfunctional strategies.
Clinical Outcome of Pharmacist – Managed Care for Inpatients with Warfarin at Bangkok Metropolitan Administration General Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Previous studies suggested that providing anticoagulation management services by pharmacist improved anticoagulation control in outpatients who uses warfarin.However, few studies evaluated hospitalized patients.Purpose of this study is to assess the impact of additional pharmacist-managed care to usual care in inpatient treating with warfarin.This study was a quasi-experimental study.Patients in intervention group were monitored by a clinical pharmacist who recommended warfarin dose, screened and managed drug therapeutic problems related to warfarin therapy, suggested monitoring plan and provided patient education.Results of intervention group were compared to historical control (usual care).A total of 92 patients were included ( 49 cases in control group and 43 patients in intervention group) .Baseline data were not significantly different between two groups.Percentage of patients with international normalized ratio (INR) in target at first followedup visit in the intervention group was more than those in the control group (60.47% vs. 30.61%,p = 0.015).In control group, one patient had bleeding during admission and 4 patients readmitted due to adverse effect of supratherapeutic warfarin level.On the contrary, there was no adverse event found in the intervention group.The results of this study suggest that coordination with clinical pharmacists and physicians improved quality of treatment among inpatients receiving warfarin and reduced complications of warfarin use.
A bibliometric study on mathematical modelling in elementary schools in the Scopus database between 1990-2024

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mathematical modelling is an approach to bridge real-world problems into mathematics as an effort to improve students’ mathematical literacy. The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of published articles related to mathematical modelling in elementary school. This research uses bibliometric analysis method. This study used the Scopus database scanned with the keywords “mathematical modelling” and “elementary school” with a time span of 1990-2024 obtained as many as 78 articles. The data collected was then analyzed using R-software and VOSviewer applications. The results of this study found that the development trend of mathematical modelling research in elementary schools significantly increased after 2015-2023 with a percentage of 67.95%. The top researchers who have the most influence are dominated by authors from Germany and Denmark. Furthermore, in recent years the dominant topics in mathematical modelling research studies in elementary schools such as mathematical modelling cycle, development, mathematical modelling competency, mathematical concept, mathematical knowledge, modeling process, mathematical modelling task, empirical study, and creative thinking. It is hoped that future research can focus on the literature of mathematical modelling carried out on the subject of high school to college level and include analysis on the literature in the years 1960-1990 which is the campaign period and the early years of integrating mathematical modelling into the curriculum of various countries in the world.
PMA Supplier Selection Using the Mahalanobis Taguchi System

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most hi-tech industries owe at least some of their success to being in the right place at the right time. This is especially true for the aircraft parts manufacturer approval (PMA) industry. A PMA is both a design approval and a production approval. It is issued for the production of modification or replacement parts for aircraft, which includes materials, parts, processes, and appliances. In the current economic climate, airlines throughout the world are looking for partners with financial stability. The reason is simple, they want partners that will continue to support them with extra savings opportunities in the short and long-term future. As more and more PMA companies are advertising through the Internet, a supplier performance measurement model applying to each of these networked organizations will facilitate the airline selection of long-term PMA partners. In this chapter, the Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) approach, a multivariate data based selection system, will be used to identify the promising PMA suppliers. Suppliers who are known to be promising are called promising groups and their performance data sets are used to create a reference metric for the promising PMA supplier population. In view of the synergetic performance of neural network and data mining technologies, it is expected that this MTS-based PMA partner selection method, implementing through a neural data mining system (NDMS) will provide a practical solution in the identification of the promising PMA suppliers.
Transition-path probability depends non-monotonically on memory time for non-Markovian systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Defining low-dimensional reaction coordinates is crucial for analyzing the dynamics of complex systems and for comparison with experiments. The maximal value of the transition-path probability along the reaction coordinate , is a common estimator for reaction-coordinate quality by comparing to the theoretical maximal value of 1/2 in the overdamped Markovian limit. We show by analytical arguments and simulations that for non-Markovian dynamics is non-monotonic as a function of the memory time and exceeds 1/2 for long memory time. This disqualifies as a criterion for reaction coordinate quality.
Professional preparation of pediatric school psychologists for school‐based health centers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The growth of school‐based health centers parallels the development of the subspecialty of pediatric school psychology. School psychologists have had minor roles in most school‐based health centers. In many cases, school psychologists with training in the foundation of school psychology do not have the specific skills to meet the role and function in a school‐based health center. However, there is a niche for the skills that can be provided by a school psychologist with subspecialty training in pediatric school psychology. A description of the potential roles for school psychologists in school‐based health centers is presented. The professional preparation beyond foundation school psychology training required to succeed in these roles is discussed. A detailed model for predoctoral internships and postdoctoral residencies for the professional preparation of pediatric school psychologists is presented. With this advanced level of training, school psychologists are well prepared to meet the expanded role and function required in school‐based health clinics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 321–330, 2003.
Effects of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) control on ecosystem nitrogen stocks in central Oregon, USA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims In the Oregon of USA, the control of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) is an accepted rangeland management practice to restore sagebrush steppe habitats of importance to wildlife and livestock. The effects of juniper cutting on ecosystem nitrogen, however, have not been well addressed although woody plant control has important implications for local watershed management and regional nitrogen pools. Methods We quantified ecosystem nitrogen stocks in two adjacent watersheds, comprised of a treated watershed (most juniper removed) and an untreated watershed (juniper not removed). Thirteen years after juniper removal, we measured aboveground nitrogen stocks for juniper trees, shrubs, grasses and litter in both watersheds. We also measured belowground nitrogen stocks (roots and soil) in both watersheds at two soil depths (0–25 and 25–50 cm). Important Findings Aboveground nitrogen stocks were 6.9 times greater in the untreated than in the treated watershed considering the much larger aboveground biomass. However, root nitrogen stocks were 3.1 times greater in the treated one due to the gain of understory root biomass associated with juniper cutting. Soil nitrogen stocks at both 0–25 and 25–50 cm depths were not affected by juniper removal. Overall, total ecosystem nitrogen stocks did not differ between the treated (9536 kg N ha−1) and untreated (9456 kg N ha−1) watersheds. The greatest ecosystem nitrogen accumulation (at least 95% total ecosystem nitrogen) resided belowground (soil 0–50 cm and roots) in both watersheds. This study provides evidence that the benefits of juniper removal can be attained without significantly affecting the capacity of ecosystem nitrogen storage.
Reaction Mechanism of ZrB2-ZrC Formation in Ni-Zr-B4C System Analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The reaction mechanism of ZrB2-ZrC formation in a 30% Ni-Zr-B4C system under argon was revealed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the reaction mechanism in the Ni-Zr-B4C system was complex. Initially, NixZry and NixBy intermetallics were formed via solid-state diffusion reactions between Ni, B4C and Zr. Then, the eutectic reaction between Ni2B and Ni4B3 lead to the formation of Ni-B liquid. The free C atoms dissolved into the Ni-B liquid to form a Ni-B-C ternary liquid, and then part of the Zr powder dissolved into the surrounding Ni-B-C ternary liquid to form Ni-Zr-B-C quaternary liquid. Finally, ZrB2 and ZrC formed and precipitated out of the saturated liquid. The eutectic liquid plays an important role during the formation of ZrB2-ZrC.
Postnatal development of electrophysiological properties of pacemaker cells in the rabbit.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Using glass microelectrodes, the authors measured basic electrophysiological parameters of the true pacemaker cells of the rabbit in an attempt to elucidate the postnatal drop in the frequency of action potentials produced by the sinoatrial node. The average rate of slow diastolic depolarization falls markedly between birth and adulthood, while the duration of the action potentials of the pacemaker cells become prolonged. These changes explain age-determined chronotropic development: the lower rate of slow diastolic depolarization in adult animals causes later attainment of the threshold; the longer action potential also contributes to prolongation of the cycle of membrane voltage changes in the pacemaker cells. The direct role of the postnatal increase in the maximum diastolic potential value is small, owing to a concomitant increase in the threshold potential value.
Three Generations of Thienopyridines: Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, and Prasugrel

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Platelets play a key role in thrombosis and in the pathophysiology of ischemic syndromes related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease (1). Inactivated platelets circulate in a resting state until encountering activating substances such as thrombin and collagen. With the binding of these messenger molecules, platelets become activated, resulting in two major processes: shape change, which exposes more surface area for binding messengers and interaction with other circulating cells including platelets and leukocytes, and degranulation, which results in the release of secondary messengers, which further activates circulating platelet in a paracrine fashion. In addition to further platelet activation, release of signaling molecules including serotonin results in local vasoconstriction. Activation of platelets also results in the exposure of activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors allowing for fibrin-mediated cross-links of multiple platelets and formation of aggregates leading to an early platelet monolayer, which seals an injured vessel. In the setting of bleeding, this physiologic process serves a protective role; however, in the setting of atherosclerotic plaque rupture-either spontaneously or following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)—this process is central to the transition from stable CAD to unstable coronary syndromes including unstable angina (UA), nonST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevation MI (STEMI).
Nanoinformatics - A newly introduced tool for research

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Research in the field of nanotechnology has witnessed rapid increase in the synthesis of Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). This has even led to development of new discipline of Nanotoxicology. Advances in the field of Nanotoxicology further led to development of new domain-nanoinformatics. This new domain of nanoinformatics provides a computational perspective to biology and nanotechnology addressing multi level integration. Nanoinformatics not only helps in predicting nanoparticle structure, composition and behaviour but also covers raw data management, analysis of data derived from biomedical applications and simulation of nanoparticle interactions with biological systems. In addition, it accelerates nano-related research and applications into clinical practice. There are various computational models developed to study the key steps in nano-medicine like drug encapsulation and release, nanoparticle targeting, delivery and uptake and nanoparticle effects on cells and tissues. These prospects have opened up a large domain enabling possibilities of nanomedicine and frontiers for clinical practice and biomedical research in a cost-effective manner along with various applications including studies in clinical trials, toxicity assays, drug delivery systems. This review highlights new approaches for Engineered nanoparticles (ENP) risk assessment and regulation.
The effect of surgical trauma on muscle protein turnover in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The rate of synthesis and catabolism of sarcoplasmic- and myofibrillar-muscle protein was measured in operated, sham-operated and food-restricted rats by using Na2 14CO3. The food-restricted group underwent sham operations and were limited to the food intake of the operated animals. Protein synthesis and catabolism were increased in the sarcoplasmic-muscle fraction in operated rats compared with that in sham-operated or food-restricted rats. The rate of synthesis of the myofibrillar protein decreased in operated animals, but the rate of catabolism was not altered in the myofibrillar-muscle fraction of the operated animals compared with that in food-restricted and sham-operated animals. In the operated animals, there was a net loss of protein from the muscle. Thus the rats that underwent surgery lost muscle protein, primarily as a result of a decrease in synthesis of myofibrillar protein. The changes in protein turnover in operated animals were not due to decreases in food intake, since protein turnover in sham-operated animals that were restricted to the food intake of the operated rats was not different from that in sham-operated rats fed ad libitum.
Impact of Xanthan Gum as Fat Replacer on Characteristics of Low Fat Kariesh Cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For improving the quality of the popular low fat Kariesh cheese it was manufactured from skimmed buffalo's milk supplemented with different concentrations ranged from 0.01-0.05% of xanthan gum as a fat replacer.The resultant cheese was microbiologically analyzed for Lactobacillus dlebreuckii ssp., L. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus on MRS agar and M17 agar, respectively at 37EC for 24 h.The total bacterial count was also determined at 37EC for 24 h.Chemical analysis was achieved for determination of fat, total nitrogen, ash and total solids as recommended by AOAC methods.The texture of the product was evaluated using the double compression test with addition of xanthan gum no alteration of microbial population was detected.The increase of cheese yield upon addition of 0.4 and 0.5% was not significant compared with the control.Textural characteristics including, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness were increased for both the product and the control cheese up to 15 days storage period after that the hardness and cohesiveness were significantly decreased with increasing xanthan gum concentration.Kariesh cheese made with using 0.04 and 0.05% xanthan gum exhibited high acceptability compared with the control after 7 days of storage period.The addition of xanthan gum as a fat replacer upon manufacturing of Kariesh cheese enriched its flavor and improved its quality.
To support and not to cure: general practitioner management of loneliness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Loneliness is associated with numerous detrimental effects on physical health, mental health, cognition and lifestyle. Older adults are one of the groups at highest risk of loneliness, and indeed about 46% of older adults in England feel lonely. Those experiencing loneliness visit their general practitioner (GP) more frequently than those who are not, which has the capacity to put a strain on GPs and primary care waiting lists and costs. This study's aim was to explore GPs' views and experiences of loneliness within their older adult patients, and to understand GPs' awareness and feelings of agency within this. Nineteen UK GPs were recruited using purposive sampling and snowballing techniques. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted either in person or over the telephone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Four overarching themes were identified from the data: Whose responsibility is it anyway?, Pandora's box of shame; Keeping distance; and Community responsibility. Themes emphasise that GPs tend to hold a medicalised and individualistic view of loneliness. This intensifies stigma which in turn creates barriers to raising the topic. GPs felt powerless in their ability to fix the 'problem' and tended to believe that the solution had to lie in the community, the individual or in social care rather than in primary care. The findings are discussed in the context of literature on GP management of other social problems which give rise to similar issues concerning the restrictions of the medical model and the need for joined-up approaches in which the GP is one part of a wider social support structure. It is suggested that it might be useful for training and support for GPs to address management of social problems jointly rather than training specific to loneliness which GPs tend to see as peripheral to their core remit.
The Preliminary Research on the Non-heteronomy of Urban Evolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

By using dissipative structure theory,synergetics and chaos theory,this paper makes a tentative discussion on the non-heteronomy of urban system evolution and draws a conclusion: As a kind of complex self-organizing system,urban evolution has gone beyondl the control of evolution of the outside world.Namely,urban evolution is non-heteronomy.On this basis,the paper analyzes the main characteristics of non-heteronomy of urban system evolution and its enlightenment to our current urban development.
Acoustic Imaging of Salmonid Mariculture Sites

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Experimental trials in Letang Harbour, NB, have clearly shown that the build up of organic detritus beneath finfish aquaculture cages can be delineated from both 200 and 300 kHz oblique acoustic backscatter imaging. Repetitive surveying has further indicated that this method could be used to monitor changes in this signature with time. Diver-collected samples allow positive confirmation that sedimentary organic enrichment is the prime reason for these enhanced backscatter signatures. Although such diver surveys are currently the standard method for mapping, they are expensive, slow and provide only limited areal coverage. The promise of the acoustic imaging method is that both the degree and spatial extent of organic enrichment might be accurately determined remotely, at a reasonable cost per unit area. However, at this time, whilst the areal extent of the deposits can clearly be mapped and monitored acoustically, a reliable method for determining the degree of enrichment is not yet available. This research investigates the feasibility of using variations in the acoustic backscatter signature to empirically estimate the degree of organic enrichment. Two methods have been employed: a 300 kHz multibeam sonar and a 200 kHz fixed sidescan stave. The multibeam approach requires the use of extremely expensive hardware demanding a high level of operator training. As an alternative, the fixed 200 kHz sidescan geometry has been investigated as it allows the use of significantly cheaper hardware and requires a much lower level of operator training. Unlike the multibeam data, the 200 kHz sidescan imagery, provides no bathymetric information, but does provide higher-resolution acoustic backscatter imagery. However, because the sidescan system employs no elevation angle discrimination, in-water-column targets (mooring lines, nets, subsurface floats and their shadows) much more notably corrupt the image. These echoes overprint and thus distort the backscatter signature of the organic debris.