jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The historical evolution of the Russian railway technical operation rules

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Relevance . For almost two centuries, rail transport has been and remains one of the key means of transportation. Due to this, it is necessary to ensure traffic safety, which should be reflected in the basic rules applicable to railway transport. This article is devoted to the analysis of the rules of technical operation of railway transport from the end of the XIX century to the present. The development of railway techniques and technologies reflects not only progress in the engineering and technical fields, but also the vast context of social, economic, political and scientific changes. The study of the evolution of the rules of technical operation allows us to trace these changes and draw conclusions about how scientific and technical innovations were formed and introduced into the practice of railway transport. Purpose of the study is to study the evolution of the rules of technical operation of Russian railway transport in different periods of time. Objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of the evolution of the rules of technical operation of railway transport from the end of the XIX century to the present to identify changes in the basic requirements for safety and technical characteristics, to identify the causes of changes and the influence of political, economic and technological factors on the formation of these rules; to assess the role of changes in the context of the development of the railway system. Methodology . The research is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks set, such methods as historical-comparative, historical-genetic, historical-typological were used. Results. A comparison of the provisions of the rules of technical operation of railways made it possible to objectively assess the impact of scientific and technological progress in the field of railway transport on the formation and strengthening of regulatory and technical traffic safety. Conclusion. The author came to the conclusion that the rules of technical operation of railways have undergone a number of changes, innovations, exceptions and improvements over their history, but many provisions remain unchanged to this day. The accumulated operational, technical and normative experience is necessary for further improvement of the safety system in Russian railway transport.
Distinct Patterns of Co-Evolution Among Protist Symbionts of Neoisoptera Termites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Obligate symbionts often exhibit some degree of co-speciation with their hosts. One prominent example is the symbiosis between termites and their wood-feeding hindgut protists. This symbiosis is mutually obligate, vertically inherited by anal feeding, and it predates the emergence of termites from their cockroach ancestors. Termites and their symbiotic protists might therefore be expected to have congruent phylogenies, but symbiont loss, transfer, and independent diversification can impact the coevolutionary history to varying degrees. Here, we have characterized the symbiotic protist communities of eight Neoisoptera species from three families in order to gauge the phylogenetic congruence between each lineage of protists and their hosts. Using microscopy and 18S rRNA gene sequencing of individually isolated protist cells, we identified protists belonging to the Parabasalia genera Pseudotrichonympha, Holomastigotoides, Cononympha, and Cthulhu. Pseudotrichonympha were present in all of the investigated termites, with a strong pattern of codiversification with hosts, consistent with previous studies. The phylogeny of Holomastigotoides indicates several instances of diversification that occurred independently of the hosts’ diversification, along with lineage-specific symbiont loss. Cononympha occurs only in Heterotermitidae and Psammotermes. Surprisingly, the small flagellate Cthulhu is widespread and exhibits cophylogeny with its hosts. This study demonstrates that different symbiont lineages can show different coevolutionary patterns, even within the same host.
Bitcoin's Security Model Revisited

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We revisit the fundamental question of Bitcoin's security against double spending attacks. While previous work has bounded the probability that a transaction is reversed, we show that no such guarantee can be effectively given if the attacker can choose when to launch the attack. Other approaches that bound the cost of an attack have erred in considering only limited attack scenarios, and in fact it is easy to show that attacks may not cost the attacker at all. We therefore provide a different interpretation of the results presented in previous papers and correct them in several ways. We provide different notions of the security of transactions that provide guarantees to different classes of defenders: merchants who regularly receive payments, miners, and recipients of large one-time payments. We additionally consider an attack that can be launched against lightweight clients, and show that these are less secure than their full node counterparts and provide the right strategy for defenders in this case as well. Our results, overall, improve the understanding of Bitcoin's security guarantees and provide correct bounds for those wishing to safely accept transactions.
It Is Not Just the Solution Anymore

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this action research study of a fifth grade enrichment mathematics class, I investigate how problem solving strategies and group work opportunities influence the students’ use of strategies and graphic representations. Though there are no large gains in the students’ use of strategies, some students show minor gains in their use of representations. I also investigate the influence of group work upon usage of representations. At the beginning of the study most students indicate that working in groups is helpful in finding solutions. Toward the end, 52.9 percent of the students indicate that while group work is beneficial for “reasoning” problems, working in groups on story problems hinders their problem solving efforts. The research complicates our understanding of group work in teaching mathematics and specifically for the student use of graphic representations in problem solving contexts.
Ethics and the assessment of quality of life

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The topic of quality of life (QoL) has attracted substantial research in the past decade. In this period the development of measurement strategies has not only been supported, but to a large extend driven, by those requiring the direct application of findings. This is particularly true of QoL research as an aspect of health outcomes. Ethical considerations for QoL researchers in the health context are outlined. Two general questions are considered: whenand what aspects of QoL are important in health settings and what psychosocial consequences follow for indi viduals from the investigation of their QoL? Many of the considerations raised relate to generic issues for research with a range of psychosocial phenomena. Some particular issues pertain to the popularity of the concept of QoL and the demand to apply methodologies which are in development, and to the competing perspectives on QoL across disciplines. The outline of ethical issues across the range of concerns of the QoL researcher illustrates that ethical practice requires active consideration at every stage of the research process.
[Impact of methicillin resistance on mortality and surveillance of vancomycin susceptibility in bacteremias caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality in many hospitals worldwide. Besides, the incidence of S. aureus bacteremia has significantly increased over the past decades. The aims of this study were to detect the risk factors for methicillin resistance and mortality and to evaluate vancomycin susceptibility in methicillin-resistant isolates. Thus, 39 S. aureus isolates from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with bacteremia were studied in Nueva Clínica Chacabuco Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina during 01/2006-12/2008. The overall mortality was 51.3%, which was significantly associated with methicillin resistance (OR: 4.20, IC95%: 1.08-16.32, p: 0.05), even though it was not an independent mortality predictor as it was the mechanical ventilation (OR: 15.99, IC95%: 3.24 - 78.86). Previous surgery (OR: 17.23, IC95%: 1.80-164.60) and hospitalization in intensive care units (OR: 21.12, IC95%: 2.33-191.30) were independent predictors of meticillin-resistance. No isolates were found with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. All the studied isolates were in vitro susceptible to vancomycin with a MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml.
Doing research on doing strategy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The previous chapters have argued for the importance of taking a closer look at strategy as it is practised in the day-to-day work of organization members. They have also examined some of the theoretical frameworks that might be mobilized to understand these activities. So far, however, we have provided little guidance as to how research based on such a perspective might proceed. How do we research strategy practice empirically?
Canarian land snail diversity: conflict between anatomical and molecular data on the phylogenetic placement of five new species ofNapaeus(Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Five new species of land snail (family Enidae) are described from La Gomera (Canary Islands) of which the majority, on the basis of anatomy alone, could be incorporated within a new supraspecific taxon. In addition to the morphological study of these new species, a region of the 16S mitochondrial gene is sequenced from three of the new species and a range of species of Napaeus from within its two subgenera (Napaeinus and Napaeus). There is a disparity between the morphological and preliminary molecular phylogenetic data. Possible explanations for this conflict are discussed, as well as the evolutionary relationships among these different taxa, and it is suggested that this group may be an excellent model for further studies of adaptation and diversification. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 89, 169–187.
RETHINKING HEIDEGGER'S DWELLING THROUGH ARABIC LINGUISTICS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Inhabiting a space or dwelling has been a debatable terminology in architectural theory practice. Martin Heidegger's conference paper "Building dwelling thinking" is a major philosophical work that influenced architects in the 20th century. The philosopher interpreted the word as an etymological archaeologist, working on the word's essential meaning until he related it to, Being-in-this-world and Being-towards-death. In this research, we examine the term "dwelling" through the Arabic parables "Maskan" and "Manzel" to reach a more comprehensive understanding that will unveil its essential meaning in its local cultural context. Moreover, we base our research on a survey answered in Lebanon, on the meaning of the word Maskan in its contemporary form, while linking it to Heidegger's etymological findings. Our results explicitly an Arabic term used that describes a different phenomenon in other cultures.
Nα-Amino acid containing privileged structures: design, synthesis and use in solid-phase peptide synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fmoc-protected Nα-amino acid containing heterocyclic privileged structures, O-(1-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-l-serine and O-((S)-5-oxo-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl)-l-serine, were synthesized on the solid phase from simple commercially available building blocks under mild conditions.
Aggregation of isolated platelets is inhibited by the plasma high-density lipoprotein sub-class, HDL1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| August 01 1986 Aggregation of isolated platelets is inhibited by the plasma high-density lipoprotein sub-class, HDL1 KALPNA DESAI; KALPNA DESAI *Department of Haemophilia, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (University of London), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RONALD A. HUTTON; RONALD A. HUTTON *Department of Haemophilia, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (University of London), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. RICHARD BRUCKDORFER; K. RICHARD BRUCKDORFER †Department of Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (University of London), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JAMES S. OWEN JAMES S. OWEN ‡Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (University of London), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (4): 723–724. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140723 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation KALPNA DESAI, RONALD A. HUTTON, K. RICHARD BRUCKDORFER, JAMES S. OWEN; Aggregation of isolated platelets is inhibited by the plasma high-density lipoprotein sub-class, HDL1. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1986; 14 (4): 723–724. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140723 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PRP, platelet-rich plasma, LDL, low-density lipoproteins, HDL, high-density lipoproteins, apoE, apolipoprotein E This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Molecular characterization and function analysis of the rice OsDUF1191 family

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many proteins in public databases are recognized as proteins with domains of unknown function (DUF). DUF1191 is such a protein family that consists of plant proteins with unknown function. In this study, we analyzed the basic information of four OsDUF1191 members (OsDUF1191.1–OsDUF1191.4) in rice Nipponbare. OsDUF1191 family members can be divided into four categories by phylogenetic analysis. In order to find out whether these members have tissue-specific expression preference, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine the expression in 15 distinct rice tissues. We found that OSDUF1191.1 was preferentially expressed in the roots. The expression of the four OsDUF1191 members under various abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) conditions was also examined. The expression of OsDUF1191.4 was significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated under heat stress conditions. Overexpression of OsDUF1191.4 in Escherichia coli led to a significant enhancement of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and improved bacterial resistance to heat stress. The results can provide new insights into the function of the OsDUF1191 family in rice.
Mechanism of Action of Choleragen and the Glycopeptide Hormones: Is the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Glycohydrolase Activity Observed in Purified Hormone Preparations Intrinsic to the Hormone?*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Choleragen and the glycopeptide hormones are thought to exert their effects on cells through activation of adenylate cyclase. The catalytic subunit of choleragen possesses both NAD glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities. Since the glycopeptide hormones share with choleragen certain homologies of structure (Ledley et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.69: 852, 1976), we investigated whether these hormones might catalyze a NAD glycohydrolase reaction. NAD was required for activation of bovine thyroid particulate adenylate cyclase by choleragen, but not by bovine TSH. Highly purified preparations of human CG (hCG) and bovine TSH possessed NAD glycohydrolase activity. This activity was present in apparently homogeneous preparations of the α and β subunits of hCG and in the asialo or reduced carboxymethylated derivatives. Recombination of the hCG subunits, which restores biological potency, did not, however, produce enhancement of NAD glycohydrolase activity. Furthermore, this activity did not cochromatograph with purified preparations of hCG or its α and β subunits on Sephadex G-100. It appears, therefore, that the NAD glycohydrolase activity is not an intrinsic property of hCG or its subunits. Thus, there is no evidence that these glycopeptide hormones activate adenylate cyclase through an NAD-dependent mechanism analogous to that of choleragen. (Endocrinology102: 415, 1978)
"WHAT ABOUT WOMEN?" HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE CSWE COUNCIL ON THE ROLE AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION (WOMEN'S COUNCIL)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Council on the Role and Status of Women in Social Work Education (WC), a volunteer committee of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE), has a 37-year history. This article presents an overview of the WC from the late 1960s to September 2006 and acknowledges the needs, status, and contributions of women in social work education. Drawing on primary and secondary data sources, the authors articulate two central themes: (1) organizational development of the WC, and (2) contributions of the WC to social work education and practice. The mission and work of the WC remain relevant today, because there is still a need to monitor and advocate for equity for women in social work education.
The Synthesis and Isolation of N-tert-Butyl-2-phenylsuccinamic Acid and N-tert-Butyl-3-phenylsuccinamic Acid. An Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Isolation of N-tert-Butyl-2-phenylsuccinamic Acid and N-tert-Butyl-3-phenylsuccinamic Acid. An Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory ExperimentVictor Cesare , Ishwar Sadarangani , Janet Rollins , and Dennis Costello View Author Information Department of Chemistry, St. John''s University, Jamaica, NY 11439Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 5, 713Publication Date (Web):May 1, 2004Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed081p713https://doi.org/10.1021/ed081p713research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Isolation,Molecular structure,Organic chemistry,Substitution reactions,Undergraduates Get e-Alerts
A rotating-mirror scanning camera system for light-sheet microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We report a rotating-mirror scanning camera system based on a galvanometer and a CCD camera. This system improves the imaging speed by placing a series of paralleled images on the sensor of the camera so that multiple images are acquired during one single exposure; thus, the frame rate of the CCD camera does not limit the temporal resolution of recorded events. The camera is implemented on a custom designed light-sheet microscopy and aims to improve the imaging speed while the high spatial resolution is still retained on the light-sheet microscope. &copy; 2015 IEEE.
Profile of mathematical knowledge for teaching of prospective mathematics teachers in develop the lesson plan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this case study is to get description of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) of prospective mathematics teacher in development the lesson plan. Subjects in this research are prospective mathematics teacher of Mathematics Education Study Program Universitas Kuningan Semester V academic year 2017/2018. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative data analysis technique that include data reduction, data display, as well as drawing conclusion and verification of prospective mathematics teacher work sheet, observation and interview. MKT is contributing the prospective mathematics ability teacher in developing set of lesson design of mathematics learning. Based on the case study, it can have concluded that: MKT of prospective mathematics teacher specifically in aspect 1) curricular knowledge, 2) planning for teaching and learning are still lacking. It can have caused by that prospective teachers who lack in curriculum knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge. The result of this study can used as basis for development of learning trajectory that is able to train and give MKT of prospective mathematics teachers in develop of lesson plan.
A Comprehensive Survey of Dynamic Graph Neural Networks: Models, Frameworks, Benchmarks, Experiments and Challenges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) combine temporal information with GNNs to capture structural, temporal, and contextual relationships in dynamic graphs simultaneously, leading to enhanced performance in various applications. As the demand for dynamic GNNs continues to grow, numerous models and frameworks have emerged to cater to different application needs. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive survey that evaluates the performance, strengths, and limitations of various approaches in this domain. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering a thorough comparative analysis and experimental evaluation of dynamic GNNs. It covers 81 dynamic GNN models with a novel taxonomy, 12 dynamic GNN training frameworks, and commonly used benchmarks. We also conduct experimental results from testing representative nine dynamic GNN models and three frameworks on six standard graph datasets. Evaluation metrics focus on convergence accuracy, training efficiency, and GPU memory usage, enabling a thorough comparison of performance across various models and frameworks. From the analysis and evaluation results, we identify key challenges and offer principles for future research to enhance the design of models and frameworks in the dynamic GNNs field.