jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reply to: Before attributing encephalomyelitis to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations exclude differentials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We appreciate interest in our case report,1 however, we cannot agree with the comments in Dr Finsterer's letter.2 Our article stated that most ADEM events might be due to infections or vaccinations. "Up to three quarters" does not mean only. Other causes of the disease are a rarity. Even letter's author cited case reports as an argument for his concerns. The presented case had no significant medical history, so other conditions have not been an issue. Another doubt was about the test for the SARS COV-2. We feel confused as it is stated in the text that we did RT-PCR to detect the viral infection. The commentary raised the question of the SARS COV-2 vaccine as a cause of ADEM. We want to point out that our article is a case report, so it cannot be about and prove causality of any kind. There is no mention in the text that the vaccine could have caused ADEM. We observed the temporal link (nothing more) between vaccination and this disease in only one particular case. This is also an answer to the question about differential diagnosis. It is hard to exclude rare every type of encephalitis in such situation. You may always find some scarce cause within the "etcetera" group as the letter's author formulated it. We agree that the broaden differential diagnosis should be performed but rather in the larger study. Furthermore, the MRI distinctive images of ADEM case are the counterarguments in this discussion. The MRI abnormalities mentioned by Dr Finsterer types of encephalitis have a different distribution.3 Oligoclonal bands were negative, which is typical in ADEM and does not impair the disease diagnosis.4 In response to the allegations of MRI, we presented such images after remarks from the reviewer who indicated which picture should be included. To address the question about treatment—yes, we are sure that clinical status improved after steroids. Guidelines recommend these drugs for the ADEM treatment, which was diagnosed based on the symptoms, laboratory tests, especially MRI images.5 Empirical therapy with ceftriaxone and aciclovir lasted until the PCR results (negative) for common bacteria and viruses in cerebrospinal fluid were obtained. To answer the last question, the Index IgG was 0,69. At the end, we emphasize that the purpose of our article was to share observation of two important medical events coinciding (not cause-and-effect relationship) with other clinicians. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. No funding information provided.
Indonesian Government Regulation No. 4 of 2018 on the Safeguard of the National Airspace of the Republic of Indonesia: Some Key Law of the Sea Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In February 2018, the Indonesian government enacted Government Regulation No. 4, 2018, related to the Safeguard of the Airspace Territory of the Republic of Indonesia. While this regulation primarily addresses national airspace defense and security, several articles of the law directly pertain to the law of the sea. These include the right of overflight in Indonesian airspace above archipelagic sea lanes, the right of overflight above artificial islands, and regulations concerning the Air Defence Identification Zone ( adiz ). This article focuses on Indonesia’s practices under the new regulation as they relate to the law of the sea.
Creating winning information technology project teams in the public sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Can we import the high‐performance team theory developed in the private sector into the public sector in order to improve the success rates of information technology (IT) projects? This article proposes that public organizations can create effective workgroups (weaker than the private sector’s high‐performance teams but stronger than the weak committees that typically manage public IT projects) in order to improve the chances of concluding IT projects successfully. Two remarkably similar Internet projects in Israel’s Ministry of Trade and Commerce and the Jerusalem Municipality are described, compared, and analyzed. The first adopted the workgroup project model and was concluded successfully. The second adopted the committee project model and ran into problems and delays. Lessons are gleaned from these case studies on how to staff, structure, and supervise public IT workgroups.
Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy compared with abdominal hysterectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The first 150 consecutive laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy (LVH) cases done by Creighton University faculty members at Mercy Hospital, Council Bluffs, Iowa and at St Joseph Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska were compared with 194 abdominal hysterectomies (AHs) for benign or noninvasive disease. The results indicate that LVH can be accomplished with low morbidity, low length of stay, and with less patient discomfort than experienced by patients who undergo AH.
Integrating Food Policy with Growing Health and Wellness Concerns: An Analytical Literature Review of the Issues Affecting Government, Industry, and Civil Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past few years, there has been growing global interest in the link between food and health. This paper provides a review of some of the recent literature describing these linkages. The first section provides an overview of findings that link the consumption of fruits and vegetables, meat, eggs, whole-grains, alcohol, sugar, dairy, fish, pulses, soy, and nuts to coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes. The authors then summarize various international and domestic non-government organizations' views about these issues. The third section centres on the food industry and its responses to growing health concerns. The fourth section is an overview of public policy relating to food and health, including the use of food policy to change consumption behaviour and address obesity. This section also includes a discussion of the relevance of policies designed to discourage smoking to the current debate on obesity. The Conclusion highlights ways in which Canadian food policy can be adapted in order to better promote health and wellness.
Traditional herbal therapies for hypertension: A systematic review of global ethnobotanical field studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The worldwide burden of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases have urged researchers to explore for alternative therapies. Together with laboratory studies, field surveys on the documentation of traditional antihypertensive therapies have expanded across the world. However, a compilation and analysis of these field studies has not been done so far. This review aim to document all traditional medicinal plants used globally for the management of hypertension. Field studies were retrieved from main databases including Sciencedirect, Medline/PubMed, and Google Scholar. 433 surveys were obtained which dated from 1970 to 2019. A total of 1329 traditionally used plant species (823 genera and 176 families) were reported across 90 countries against hypertension. Compositae (Genera: 68; Species:103) and Lamiaceae (Genera:39; Species:103) were the families with the most used species. The main species (in order of number of reports) were Allium sativum L., followed by Olea europaea L., Allium cepa L., Annona muricata L., Persea americana Mill., Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don, Moringa oleifera Lam., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, and Carica papaya L. Pakistan (Family:81; Species:246) reported the highest number of plant species followed by Mexico, Nigeria, India, Algeria, Morocco, Thailand, Suriname, Benin, and Iran. Leaf (35%), fruit (12%), and root (10%) were the most preferred plant parts while the main methods of preparation were decoction (50%) and infusion (22%). This study is the first of its kind to compile all traditionally used hypotensive medicinal plants across the world. It is recommended that another systematic review be conducted on the biological properties of all identified species in our review to identify those which have been scientifically validated in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies before they can be considered as alternative or complementary antihypertensive therapies.
Integrating Multiple Survey Techniques to Document a Shifting Bat Community in the Wake of White-Nose Syndrome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The long-term study of bat communities often depends on a diverse set of sampling methodologies that are chosen based on the species or habitat management priorities of the research project. Integrating the data from a diverse set of methodologies (such as acoustic monitoring and mist net sampling) would improve our ability to characterize changes in community structure or composition over time, such as one would expect following an emergent infectious disease such as white-nose syndrome. We developed a Bayesian state-space model to integrate these disparate data into a common currency (relative abundance). We collected both acoustic monitoring and mist net capture data over an 8-y period (2006–2014) to document shifts in the bat community in central New England, USA, in response to the onset of white-nose syndrome in 2009. The integrated data model shows a significant decline in the abundance of little brown bat Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis, and hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus, and an increase in abundance of the eastern small-footed bat Myotis leibii and the eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis. There was no evidence for a change in abundance in the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus since the onset of white-nose syndrome. The consistency of this model with regional estimates of decline over the same time period support the validity of our relative abundance estimate. This model provides the opportunity to quantify shifts in other communities where multiple sampling methodologies were employed, and therefore provides natural resource managers with a robust tool to integrate existing sampling data to quantify changes in community composition that can inform conservation and management recommendations.
Developmental psychopathology: some historical and current perspectives

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Developmental psychopathology has been described as an ‘emergent discipline’ (Cicchetti, 1984) one ‘truly … born over the past five years’ (Zigler, 1989). What characterizes this newcomer that seeks an integration of the developmental and clinical sciences? Many characterizations have been offered, (Lewis & Miller, 1990) and these vary in complexity and coverage. On the side of simplification are the offerings of Achenbach (1990) (‘ … a general approach to understanding relations between development and its maladaptive deviations’) and Lewis (1990) (‘ … the study of the prediction of maladaptive behavior and processes.’)
Osteoporosis at Distal Radius in Otherwise Healthy Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Does it differ from Routine?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) affects bone metabolism at axial as well as the appendicular skeleton. Bone loss may vary at different sites. Besides spine and hip, the distal radius is commonly evaluated for osteoporosis in T2DM. The study represents the findings of osteoporosis at distal radius in otherwise healthy T2DM cases. Aim: To study osteoporosis at distal radius in relation to spine and hip in otherwise healthy T2DM cases. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational study, adult patients above 50 years of age with T2DM with no other comorbidities or bone disease were assessed. All patients underwent Bone Mineral Density (BMD) evaluation with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry scan (DXA) at spine, hip and distal radius. T-score of <-2.5 was considered as osteoporosis. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used to detect statistically significant differences in continuous and categorical data. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare continuous data in more than two groups. Pearson coefficient was determined to study the correlations. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In 200 patients studied, osteoporosis at spine, hip and distal radius was found in 33.5%, 13.5% and 90.0% patients, respectively. Body mass index was significantly lower in patients with radial osteoporosis (p=0.048). There was a significant correlation between osteoporosis at the distal radius and osteoporosis at the spine (p<0.0001) and hip (p<0.0001). As osteoporosis was observed in a large number of patients; we further used T-score ≤-5.0 cut-off and observed osteoporosis in 37.5% patients. There was no difference in prevalence of osteoporosis in different age groups (p=0.510 and p=0.796) and two genders (p=0.203 and p=0.289) using either cut-off values. Vitamin D deficiency did not differ significantly in patients with or without osteoporosis using either cut-off values (p=0.603 and p=0.582). Conclusion: Compared to spine and hip, the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher at distal radius (90.0%) using standard T-score cut-off (≤-2.5). Therefore, distal radius site should be evaluated in all cases for osteoporosis in T2DM. Further research is necessary to study whether bone loss occurs early and faster at distal radius compared to other sites.
Interactions between antiepileptic and non-antiepileptic drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinically important drug interactions occur essentially at two levels, at the pharmacokinetic level and at the pharmacodynamic level. This chapter describes the clinically significant interactions between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and non-AEDs. The interactions can be classified into three groups according to their risk of interaction with AEDs. Carbamazepine is a potent hepatic enzyme inducer and, as well as inducing its own metabolism via an action on CYP3A4, it also induces the metabolism of many other drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates. There are no clinical data to suggest ethosuximide induces or inhibits the metabolism of other non-AEDs. As a new AED, knowledge of the interaction profile of felbamate with non-AEDs is limited. Zonisamide undergoes extensive metabolism, via CYP3A4, and approximately 30% of zonisamide is excreted in urine as unchanged zonisamide. To date, there are no reports of zonisamide affecting the pharmacokinetics of non-AEDs.
Asymmetric hydrolysis of (dl)-1-acyloxy-2-halo-1-phenylethanes with lipases.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Asymmetric hydrolysis of (dl)-1-acyloxy-2-halo-1-phenylefhanes by lipoprotein lipase Amano P from Pseudomonas fluorescens and the lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum afforded the optically active (R) residual substrates and (S)-2-halo-1-hydroxy-1-phenylethanes in 100% enantiomeric excess (e.e.). The length of acyl residues from acetyl to octanoyl in the substrates did not influence the enantioselectivity. Both enantiomers of optically active styrene oxides were synthesized from the enzymatic products.
Overexpression of ONAC054 Improves Drought Stress Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Drought stress negatively affects plant growth and development, thus reducing plant productivity. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress responses is essential for crop improvement. The plant-specific NAM/ATAF1,2/CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors play important roles in the drought stress response. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) ONAC054, a membrane-bound NAC transcription factor, is involved in the drought stress response. We found that onac054 mutants were sensitive, whereas ONAC054-overexpressing (ONAC054-OX) plants were tolerant to drought stress. Under drought stress conditions, several genes associated with abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and signaling were downregulated in onac054 mutants but upregulated in ONAC054-OX plants. Among these genes, the TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR ABA REGULATION 1 (TRAB1), which encodes an ABA-inducible bZIP transcription factor, was directly activated by ONAC054. On the other hand, the expression of ONAC054 was directly activated by several ABA-responsive elements (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs) in an ABA-dependent manner, indicating that ONAC054 acts as an enhancer of ABA-induced drought stress tolerance. Additionally, the overexpression of ONAC054 in rice greatly improved grain yield under drought stress conditions, indicating that the overexpression of ONAC054 could facilitate the improvement of drought stress tolerance in rice and other crops.
The Function of Fiction: King Edward I, King Arthur and Velthem’s Continuation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: In his Continuation of a voluminous ‘Mirror of History’, written in Middle Dutch between c. 1315 and 1317, Lodewijk van Velthem describes a number of festivities and exploits in which the recently deceased King Edward I becomes closely associated with the King Arthur of romance and legend. Despite obvious flaws in Velthem’s rendition of English history and clearly fictive elements, the idea that King Edward I was ‘an Arthurian enthusiast’ who indulged in recreating Arthurian romances as part of particular festivities has become widespread, even though archival evidence to support this view has always been lacking. In my article I propose a closer look at the remarkably coherent, interlaced Edwardian/Arthurian account within the Continuation , parts of which have been consistently ignored in modern scholarship. By adopting a contextual approach it is possible to understand the function of the fictionality of the narrative, its close links with Middle Dutch Arthurian romances in Velthem’s possession and its polemical qualities.
Composite force sensing foot utilizing volumetric displacement of a hyperelastic polymer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper illustrates the fabrication and characterization of a footpad based on an original principle of volumetric displacement sensing. It is intended for use in detecting ground contact forces in a running quadrupedal robot. The footpad is manufactured as a monolithic, composite structure composed of multi-graded polymers which are reinforced by glass fiber to increase durability and traction. The volumetric displacement sensing principle utilizes a hyperelastic gel-like pad with embedded magnets that are tracked with Hall-effect sensors. Normal and shear forces can be detected as contact with the ground which causes the gel-like pad to deform into rigid wells. This is all done without the need to expose the sensor. A one-time training process using an artificial neural network was used to relate the normal and shear forces with the volumetric displacement sensor output. The sensor was shown to predict normal forces in the Z-axis up to 80N with a root mean squared error of 6.04% as well as the onset of shear in the X and Y-axis. This demonstrates a proof-of-concept for a more robust footpad sensor suitable for use in all outdoor conditions.
A real-time routing protocol with mobility support and load distribution for mobile wireless sensor networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) is a wireless ad hoc network that consists of a very large number of tiny sensor nodes communicating with each other in which sensor nodes are either equipped with motors for active mobility or attached to mobile objects for passive mobility. A real–time routing protocol for MWSN is an exciting area of research because messages are delivered according to their end–to–end deadlines. MWSN demands real–time routing in many applications including disasters fighting, forest fire detection and volcanic eruption detection. This paper proposes a novel idea of real–time that provides mobility and load distribution (RTMLD) for MWSN. RTMLD utilised corona mechanism and optimal forwarding metrics to forward the data packet in MWSN. It computes the optimal forwarding node based on RSSI, remaining battery level of sensor nodes and packet delay over one–hop. RTMLD ensures high packet delivery ratio and experiences minimum end–to–end delay in WSN and MWSN compared with baseline routing protocol. RTMLD has been successfully verified through test bed and simulation experiment.
The Knowledge Base Development for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG) proposed by Web Accessibility Initiative is the most recognized regulation in the world in evaluating the accessibility of web contents and is one of the W3Cdocumentations. Currently,the WCAG documents are maintained as a non-computable dictionary like resources. In this study, we proposed a methodology to develop an ontological knowledge base with rules for the WCAG 2.0. Two WCAG techniques in different groups of techniques are used to illustrate the creation of the knowledge base and their application programming interfaces. For demonstrating purpose, a web-based WCAG validation system is built. With the proposed knowledge base and interfaces, computer programs can decide whether certain web content satisfies a particular WCAG technique. In other words, the WCAG documents have been successfully trans-formed to a computable recourse. Such sharable knowledge base and programming interfaces can be embedded into any system requiring the WCAG knowledge.
Evaluation of a Novel Immunoassay for Lacosamide Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Comparison With a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Assay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Monitoring serum levels of lacosamide, other than to establish individualized reference ranges may be helpful in several settings, including patients with liver and/or kidney failure or settings that may result in altered pharmacokinetic characteristics and to assess patients' compliance with therapy. In this study, the EurekaOne liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method (in use method) and the ARK immunoassay method (new method) for lacosamide monitoring were compared. Methods: Lacosamide concentrations were determined in 39 patient samples using (1) antiepileptic drug LC-MS/MS kit by EurekaOne on a Thermo Fisher Scientific TSQuantum Access Max system and (2) the lacosamide immunoassay by ARK Diagnostic Inc. (research use only kit), on a Abbott Architect System. Results: Measured total imprecision of the new method is 6.29% at 6.59 μmol/L, 8.82% at 30.20 μmol/L, and 6.45% at 64.51 μmol/L. Passing–Bablok regression analysis showed a nonsignificant intercept of -0.03015 [95% confidence interval (CI), −1.2243 to 0.8593] and a slope of 1.05 (95% CI, 0.9973–1.1166), showing that the method does not deviate from linearity and absence of proportional systematic error. Bland–Altman analysis showed a systematic bias of -3.296% (95% CI, −5.81 to −0.78) with 95% of the LC-MS/MS—ARK mean % of differences ranging from −18.5 to 11.9. Despite this bias, data of the combined imprecision of the 2 methods show that the new method is still acceptable within the maximum allowable error of 15%. Conclusions: The performance of the new ARK method on the Architect system is acceptable and may be used routinely to measure serum lacosamide concentration in the clinic although the nature of the bias has to be carefully addressed.
Webbing of the Pharyngeal Recess in Adults With Cleft Palate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The limited literature on the lateral pharyngeal recess of Rosenmüller and the various presentations of pharyngeal webbing are reviewed. Webbing across the lateral pharyngeal recess is described in 28 of 31 adults with cleft palate examined. The phenomenon has not been reported before and does not appear to be a feature of the nasopharyngeal wall in noncleft individuals.