jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Building NATO Collective Defence Capabilities in Northeastern Europe I

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The basis of NATO’s existence is the collective defence of Allies, its population and borders. Assurance and deterrence measures and activities implemented in Northeast Europe aim to build NATO’s common defence potential and deter potential aggression against NATO members. Assurance activities began in 2014, defined at the NATO Summit in Wales. They respond to the changed security situation on NATO’s eastern borders with Russian activities, the illegal annexation of Crimea, destabilisation activities and military involvement in eastern Ukraine. Increasing military activities and concentration of Russian military forces near NATO’s eastern borders, accompanied by hybrid warfare activities against the Northeastern European NATO members, followed. After the NATO Summits in Warsaw (2016) and Brussels (2018), NATO assurance and deterrence measures have been launched as a response to perceived threat. They aim to strengthen the Eastern Allies’ defence and deter and prevent any potential aggression while building Allied collective defence capabilities.
The effect of extraction and rubber purity on the stress relaxation of dicumyl peroxide vulcanizates

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The oxidative stress relaxation of peroxide vulcanizates of various grades of natural rubber has been investigated at 100°C. The rubbers were examined both with and without hot acetone extraction before or after cure. Highly purified rubber vulcanizates exhibited autocatalytic relaxation, but those based on crêpe or smoked sheet did not, because they retained natural antioxidant even after extraction. Autocatalysis was no longer found in extracted purified rubber vulcanizates if these were prepared from a mix containing phenyl‐β‐naphthylamine. The presence of such an antioxidant reduced network scission but had less effect upon the amount of crosslinking taking place during aging.
Effects of perceived diversity on perceived organizational performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between constructs of employee perception of diversity (EPD) and perceived organizational performance (POP) through components of organizational justice over different hierarchal levels and also across the private and public healthcare sector organizations. Additionally, this study also examines whether employees from diverse backgrounds vary in their perceptions regarding diversity in healthcare sector of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from primary sources, that is medical, paramedical and administrative staff (different designations) of both public and private hospitals for analyzing the results. The overall population consisted of 250 respondents and the hypotheses were tested using two-way ANOVA and CAUSALMED procedures. The data were collected during the course of three months in different time slots from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Statistical Analysis Software was used to analyze the data. Findings Findings indicate that regardless of their gender or categories, employees recognize diversity positively, but their responses have significant difference over the hierarchal levels. Furthermore, it is found that EPD is positively linked to the POP, and the relationship gets stronger in the presence of perceived organizational justice (POJ). Research limitations/implications The study was confined to the healthcare sector, so further studies can be conducted in other sectors. The present study checked the impact of POJ, but other important reasonable factors that can intervene in the relationship between perceived diversity and POP can be studied, such as organizational commitment. Practical implications First of all, it is dispensable for the organizations to ensure the positive perception of these initiatives from employees to implement the diversity programs. Second, the management must ensure the presence of all groups of employees to get the right responses for the diversity management initiatives. Third, the healthcare industry of Pakistan needs to be assessed in the context of current study and diversity initiatives should be taken in hiring and retention of the employees. Originality/value The presence of employees of healthcare industry across the sector over hierarchal levels will absolutely add value to the existing knowledge on diversity, diversity management, management theory and practice.
Analysis of phenolic compounds in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) fruit extract using high-performance liquid chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), which belongs to the Nut family (Juglandaceae), is a valuable raw material for the production of phytopreparations. The extract from the fruits of Juglans nigra L. has immunomodulating and antioxidant properties, which is primarily due to the presence of a large amount of phenolic compounds in the plant. But the phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of Juglans nigra L. have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of our work was to study the optimal conditions for the extraction of Juglans nigra L. fruits, followed by the identification of its quantitative and qualitative composition. The main criterion for evaluating optimal extraction conditions was the quantitative content of phenolic compounds, which was determined spectrophotometrically by the Folin–Chocalteu method. The analysis of polyphenolic compounds was carried out by the method of high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of experimental studies, the optimal conditions for extracting the fruits of Juglans nigra L. by maceration method conditions were selected. According to the results of the comparative analysis, it is shown that for the maximum extraction of phenolic compounds, it is advisable to use a 70% water-ethanol mixture as an extractant with a raw material to solvent ratio of 1:9. The method of high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the total content of phenolic compounds in the fruits of Juglans nigra L. is 2 327.09 μg/ml. Analysis of the extract of Juglans nigra L. by high-performance liquid chromatography method showed the presence of such phenolic compounds in plant material samples as catechins, catechin-like substances, flavonols (rutin, quercetin, myricetin), flavanones (naringin, naringenin) and phenolic acids. It should be noted, that the presence of such substances as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, hesperidin, genistein and daidzein glycosides, luteolin and apigenin glycosides, luteolin and apigenin in the extract of Juglans nigra L. was not detected. A high content of compounds of polyphenolic nature in the fruits of Juglans nigra L. was established. Therefore, this medicinal plant material is promising for further research, in particular, for the development of medicines based on the extract with potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activity.
EXTERNAL BREAST PROSTHESES IN POST-MASTECTOMY CARE IN GERMANY - WOMEN'S EXPERIENCES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: In Germany, external breast prostheses are recognized and funded as medical devices for adjustment and care following a mastectomy due to breast cancer. Nonetheless, there is a lack of awareness of the prostheses-fitting service in German breast centres and outpatient care. In this study breast cancer survivors give voice to their experiences. Design: The study employs qualitative research evaluation methods. Methods: Data was collected via semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out via open and axial coding. Results: Women’s experiences and requirements are presented in a two-phase model. Phase one describes their experiences of shock and crisis, and the subsequent initial prosthesis fitting in hospital. Phase two describes the womenʼs desire for normality, which they hope to achieve with the help of a breast prosthesis. Conclusion: The results confirm the consequences of losing a breast, the resulting distress, and the importance of a good-quality prosthesis for body image, femininity, and psychosocial well-being. The study confirms that a lack of information and choice in prosthesis fitting is a common problem. For the first time, the two-phase model demonstrates the differences between the initial hospital treatment and womenʼs long-term needs. Keywords: breast cancer, external breast prostheses, mastectomy, supportive care, qualitative research.
Genomic selection without own phenotypes exploits new mutational variance less than BLUP selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

De novo mutations (DNM) create new genetic variance and are an important driver for long-term selection response. We hypothesized that genomic selection without own phenotypes exploits new mutational variance less than pedigree-based BLUP selection. The objectives were to compare GBLUP selection without own phenotype (GBLUP), GBLUP selection with own phenotype (GBLUP_OP) and pedigree-based BLUP selection with own phenotype for 20 generations using Monte Carlo simulation. GBLUP resulted in the lowest genetic variance (24.7% of total genetic variance) and response due to DNM after 20 generations (9.4% of total response). GBLUP_OP had the highest genetic variance due to new DNM (47.8% of total genetic variance) and selection response due to DNM (30% of total response), while BLUP was in between with 27.1% of genetic variance due to DNM and 21.9% of response due to DNM. However, GBLUP_OP caused a rapid decline in total genetic variance, because the genetic variance due to old QTL rapidly eroded. GBLUP had very little selection pressure on DNM and as a consequence, GBLUP had the highest number of DNM with negative effects that were still segregating 10 generations after a DNM arose. Due to the decline in genetic variance for all selection strategies, selection limits are foreseen and these selection limits are lower for GBLUP (11.2 phenotypic SD from the base population mean) and GBLUP_OP (10.7 phenotypic SD) than for BLUP selection (11.8 phenotypic SD). It can be concluded that genomic selection without own phenotypes exploits new mutational variance less than BLUP selection with own phenotypes, it increases the probability of DNM with negative effects and it lowers selection limits. Sustainable breeding strategies should consider optimal ways to exploit DNM.
[Respiratory findings and pulmonary function tests among the welders working for the sugar plant factory].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Industrialization and developments in technology run together with health problems in workers. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the exposure of welding fume on respiratory system. This study was carried out in 32 welders in the "Sugar Factory" in Ankara. As controls, 39 workers who were not exposed to weld fume were included in the study. A questionnaire about respiratory symptoms and exposure history, and pulmonary function tests were obtained and compared between the groups. The incidence of coughing, sputum and dyspnea was found to be statistically greater in the group of welders (65.6%, 84.4%, 68.8%) compared with the control group (33.3%, 41%, 30.8%) (p< 0.05, p< 0.001, p< 0.01). Coughing alone was present in 72.7% of smoking welders whilst sputum production was present in 90.9%. These rates were found to be lower in ex-smoker welders or the welders who had never smoked. Chronic bronchitis was observed in 21.9% of the welders whereas no cases with chronic bronchitis were found in control group. The difference was statistically significant (p< 0.01). The results of pulmonary function tests were not statistically different in welders and control group. These results indicate that the exposure of weld fumes itself may cause respiratory symptoms particularly related with chronic bronchitis therefore a great caution must be taken when dealing with welding.
Regulating eEF2 and eEF2K in skeletal muscle by exercise

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Skeletal muscle is a flexible and adaptable tissue that strongly responds to exercise training. The skeletal muscle responds to exercise by increasing muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when energy is available. One of protein synthesis's major rate-limiting and critical regulatory steps is the translation elongation pathway. The process of translation elongation in skeletal muscle is highly regulated. It requires elongation factors that are intensely affected by various physiological stimuli such as exercise and the total available energy of cells. Studies have shown that exercise involves the elongation pathway by numerous signalling pathways. Since the elongation pathway, has been far less studied than the other translation steps, its comprehensive prospect and quantitative understanding remain in the dark. This study highlights the current understanding of the effect of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway focussing on the molecular factors affecting the pathway, including Ca2+, AMPK, PKA, mTORC1/P70S6K, MAPKs, and myostatin. We further discussed the mode and volume of exercise training intervention on the translation elongation pathway.What is the topic of this review? This review summarises the impacts of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway in skeletal muscle focussing on eEF2 and eEF2K.What advances does it highlight? This review highlights mechanisms and factors that profoundly influence the translation elongation pathway and argues that exercise might modulate the response. This review also combines the experimental observations focussing on the regulation of translation elongation during and after exercise. The findings widen our horizon to the notion of mechanisms involved in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) through translation elongation response to exercise training.
Research on intelligent control of thin-walled plastic parts forming quality based on CAE and DOE technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the injection molding process of thin-walled plastic parts, many process parameters have great influence on warpage. It has become an important means to control and optimize the injection molding process parameters and improve the molding quality by means of computer-aided technology and orthogonal test. In this paper, the upper cover part of a certain type of display instrument is studied. SolidWorks 2012 software is used to model it, and moldflow 2012 software is used to create pouring system and cooling system. The orthogonal experiment is designed by combining CAE and DOE technology. The appropriate orthogonal experiment table is selected. The mold temperature, melt temperature, packing time and packing pressure are taken as experimental factors. Through the simulation experiment, the conclusion of influencing factors is obtained, that is, packing time > mold temperature > melt temperature > packing pressure. At the same time, the optimal combination of process parameters was determined, that is, the melt temperature is 250°C, the mold temperature is 30°C, the packing pressure is 90 MPa, and the packing time is 8s. The optimal process combination simulation experiment results show that the warpage deformation is 0.2960mm, which is 25.29% lower than the previous minimum deformation, which effectively reduces the warpage deformation of thin-walled plastic parts and improves the forming quality of the upper cover of the display instrument.
A probabilistic graphical model of lightness and lighting

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Many lightness experiments and illusions suggest that mid-level features such as lighting boundaries and reflectance edges play an important role in lightness perception. However, there has been relatively little work on developing complete computational models of lightness that incorporate mid-level factors, compared to the extensive work on developing low-level computational models. Here I use probabilistic graphical models and their well-developed inference methods to formulate a mid-level computational model of human perception of lightness and lighting. To simplify a first approach, I model lightness perception on a 16 × 16 pixel grid. Within this domain one can create many lightness illusions (e.g., the argyle illusion) and phenomena (e.g., assimilation) that challenge current models. The model makes simple probabilistic assumptions about local properties of lighting and reflectance:(1) reflectance spans the range 3% to 90%, (2) reflectance tends to change slowly from place to place, (3) incident illuminance spans the range 0 to 100,000 lux, (4) illuminance edges are less common than reflectance edges, (5) illuminance edges tend to be straighter than reflectance edges, (6) reflectance and illuminance edges usually occur at image image luminance edges, and (7) measured image luminance is contaminated by a small amount of noise. The model uses these local assumptions along with belief propagation methods to infer globally optimal estimates of reflectance and illuminance in 16 × 16 pixel stimulus images. The model arrives at human-like interpretations of several lightness illusions that have been problematic for previous models, including the argyle illusion, snake illusion, Koffka ring, and their control conditions. The model also reproduces several important lightness phenomena, including contrast and assimilation effects. Thus a probabilistic graphical model that incorporates simple assumptions about reflectance and lighting provides a strong mid-level computational account of lightness perception over a wide range of stimulus conditions.
Is hydroxychloroquine safety for COVID-19? a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Many concerns still existed about the safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of HCQ by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials reporting the safety of HCQ in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were retrieved from the establishment of the database to February 27, 2020. Literature screening, data extraction, and assessment of risk bias were performed independently by two reviewers. Results: We identified 34 eligible studies that involved 3,639 patients. The difference in the cumulative number of AEs between the HCQ and control group was statistically significant (P<0.0001). The pooled incidence of gastrointestinal AEs, which occurred most frequently in the HCQ group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.0001) according to the system organ class. In addition, the risks of skin and subcutaneous tissue AEs (P = 0.011), renal and urinary disorders (P=0.011), ear and labyrinth AEs (P = 0.045) and surgical and medical procedures AEs (P = 0.020) in HCQ group are also significantly increased compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the cumulative number of SAEs was similar between the two groups (P=0.222). Meta-analysis results indicated that the pooled incidences of all the AEs reported by two or more studies were similar except for the treatment discontinuation caused by AEs (RD 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.06). Conclusion: HCQ was well tolerated and might be safe for clinical application under the outbreak of COVID-19.
Frequency and timing stability of an airborne injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser system for direct-detection wind lidar

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the design and performance of the laser deployed in the airborne demonstrator Doppler wind lidar for the Aeolus mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). The all-solid-state, diode-pumped and frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser is realized as a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, generating 60 mJ of single-frequency pulses at 355 nm wavelength, 50 Hz repetition rate and 20 ns pulse duration. For the measurement of the Doppler frequency shift over several accumulated laser shots, the frequency stability of the laser is of crucial importance. Injection-seeding, in combination with an active cavity control based on the Ramp-Delay-Fire technique, provides a pulse-to-pulse frequency stability of 0.25 MHz measured at 1064 nm under laboratory conditions. This value increases to 0.31 MHz for airborne operation in a vibration environment that has been characterized by multiple acceleration sensors during different flight conditions. In addition, a pure Ramp-Fire setting was tested for comparison leading to a frequency stability of 0.16 MHz both in airborne operation and on ground. The laser cavity control electronics also have to provide a trigger signal for the lidar detection electronics, about 60 μs prior to the expected laser pulse emission and with high timing stability. An in-flight timing stability of below 100 ns was measured decreasing to 20 ns for a shorter pre-trigger time of 10 μs.
Reply to Comment on: “Computer Simulations Reveal an Entirely Entropic Activation Barrier for the Chemical Step in a Designer Enzyme”

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTReply to Comment on: "Computer Simulations Reveal an Entirely Entropic Activation Barrier for the Chemical Step in a Designer Enzyme"Johan Åqvist*Johan ÅqvistDeptartment of Cell & Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden*[email protected]More by Johan Åqvisthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-0610Cite this: ACS Catal. 2023, 13, XXX, 10007–10009Publication Date (Web):July 28, 2023Publication History Received8 June 2023Published online28 July 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02639© 2023 The Author. Published by American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceCC: Creative CommonsBY: Credit must be given to the creatorArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (994 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical calculations,Heat capacity,Kinetic modeling,Peptides and proteins,Theoretical and computational chemistry Get e-Alerts