jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
621 Sustainable Training-Friendly Service Provision to Reduce the Burden of Gallstone Disease: A Tertiary Care Surgical Unit Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim NICE guidelines recommend laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones during the index admission. COVID-19 restrictions highlighted the need for a dedicated emergency theatre for acute biliary diseases, leading to the introduction of the 'Hot Gallbladder' service. This study assesses the service's impact on reducing recurrent admissions and expediting cholecystectomies in a University Hospital. Method A prospective study was conducted between March to August 2023 in a tertiary care surgical unit on patients referred to the Hot Gallbladder service. This service was a weekly Friday morning theatre list managed by registrars under consultant supervision. Data extracted included patient demographics, diagnosis, previous hospital admissions, cancellations, and admission duration. Results Between March to August 2023, 152 gallstone-related admissions were recorded. Thirty-two cases were expedited to the Hot gallbladder service, consisting of 7 males and 25 females with a median age of 45 (32.5, 64.5) years. Twenty-six underwent cholecystectomy; two withdrew consent, and four were cancelled on the day due to theatre overrun. Two patients (8%) had same-admission cholecystectomies, while 24 (92%) were operated within 2 weeks, with a median of 2 (1, 2.75) previous hospital admissions. Conclusions The Hot Gallbladder service offered prompt definitive treatment to 21% of patients while providing valuable training for registrars. In the context of biliary presentations, failure to perform cholecystectomies on peri-index presentation not only incurs substantial financial costs but also predicts future readmissions, adding to the overall strain on scarcely resourced NHS services and significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Data from this study will contribute to a cost effectiveness analysis.
Association of the K121Q polymorphism of the plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 gene with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object: To investigate the relationship of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the K121Q polymorphism of the PC-1 gene and insulin resistance. Methods: The K121Q polymorphism in exon 4 of PC-1 gene was determined with the technique of polymeras chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 168 healthy controls and 211 diabetics in Shenzhen city. The clinical and biochemical characteristics according to the K121Q polymorphism of the PC-1 gene were also compared among all subjects. Results: The KQ genotype was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (P=0.002), higher 2-h C-peptide (P=0.035) and higher fasting insulin (P = 0.007) concentrations than the KK genotype in all subjects. The Q allele frequency of PC-1 gene was 4.46% and 9.72% in the controls and diabetics, respectively. The Q allele was more prevalent in diabetics than in controls (X2 = 7.540, P = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, showed the KQ genotype to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.039, OR = 2.47). Conclusions: The present study indicates that the K121Q polymorphism of the PC-1 gene is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Concept network for business-technology domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The World Wide Web is a global information medium designed to bring global information to its user. The amount of information on the World Wide Web has been increasing at an exponential rate, due to the rapid growth of the ability for anyone with access to a web server to publish information. In the fast paced business environment of today's industry there very little time and too many information for business to process. Existing search engines used by business professional are often restricted by the limitation of Boolean queries as the queries are only matched to the documents that contain all the query terms. Instead of using Boolean query, this project utilize concept relation network (CRN), which is a graph of concepts where concepts are linked together. The semantic information stored in CRN can use to improve the performance of Boolean queries by recommending complementary documents to the user. This report will describe the approach and the tools that were used from web harvesting to the construction of concept relation network.
Look Who's Visiting: Supporting Awareness for Visitors in the Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Individuals, groups and organizations host places in the World Wide Web to attract visitors, but once they have established a web presence they usually maintain little or no awareness of visiting activity. However, the standard web infrastructure supports the capture of detailed activity-related information. In the first part of this paper, we contribute a preliminary study conducted with expert web hosts in different domains, investigating the use of information on visiting activity as feedback for web operation. From this study, we infer general requirements for web awareness support, based on which we have designed two systems aimed to promote more awareness of web activity and visitors. The first is a system supporting ambient notification of web events, end-user configurability, and ambient display for overview and comparison of activity in a web place. The second system moves beyond awareness of web activity to provide glances into the visitors’ sites, introducing reciprocity to the host–visitor relationship. Both systems have been prototyped and deployed in work environments for an evaluation in everyday use.
Degree expressions and intensifiers. Terminological issues of lexicological and lexicographic relevance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Intensifiers represent an extremely varied and everchanging lexico-functional category. Although they have been an extremely popular topic in linguistics and English linguistics in particular, naming and delimiting the category still represents a highly debated issue, possibly as a result of relying on the psychological process of grading and of continuously developing from other categories. Most importantly, we argue in favour of using degree expressions as an umbrella term for various categories that interact with scales: scale adjusters, (degree of) quantity modifiers, excessives (or excessive degree modifiers), emphasizers and intensifiers. Intensifiers are characterized by: a) vague specification of a domain along a scale of degree, from most central degree modification to most peripheral degree-fixing intensification, depending on the scale associated with the predicate; b) shift from more objective to more subjective meanings; c) expressivity, or ability to index the speaker, and speech act modification. Ability to combine with other (pragmatically) intensifying devices (to begin with, predicates with relative standards of comparison, and inherent superlatives in particular) is precisely to be taken as a diagnosis for membership into the category.
Riders on the storm: the role of populism in the global crisis of democracy and in the functioning of electoral autocracies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract It is my contention that populism could be an appropriate framework to describe, explain and connect the phenomena of global crisis of democracy and functioning of electoral autocracies . In order to substantiate this claim, with the method of literature review, I examine first the characteristics of these phenomena. Then I focus on the nature of the relationship between them, in particular on the complex system of new types of autocracies’ stability, in which populism could play a crucial role. Populism, understood as an autocratic (re-)interpretation of democracy and representation, could be a particularly dangerous Trojan Horse for democracy. First and foremost, because its idea of a single, homogeneous and authentic people that can be legitimately represented only by the populist leader is a moralised form of antipluralism which is contrary to the pluralist approach of democracy (i.e. polyarchy). For precisely this reason, populism could play a key role in autocracies, especial in electoral autocracies which may use its core elements. Namely, the Manichean worldview, the image of a homogeneous people, people-centrism and the autocratic notion of representation are very compatible with electoral autocracies, since these regimes hold general elections and their power is built largely upon the alleged will of the people. By using populism, it is possible for these regimes to camouflage and even legitimise their autocratic trends and exercise of power behind the formally multi-party but not fair elections and democratic façade. As a radical turn towards closed autocracies (without de facto multiparty elections) would be too expensive, electoral autocrats need manipulated multi-party elections and other plebiscite techniques that could serve as quasi-democratic legitimation. Because of this, they tend to use the political logic of populism which could transform political contestation to a life- and- death struggle and provides quasi-democratic legitimation and other important cognitive functions. Therefore, populist electoral autocracies , as a paradigmatic type of electoral autocracies , could remain with us for a long time, giving more and more tasks to researchers, especially in the Central and Eastern European region.
10 years of mouse cancer modifier loci: human relevance.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

About 10 years have elapsed since the first whole-genome scanning studies in the mouse to identify loci that affect susceptibility or resistance to tumorigenesis. In that time, >100 cancer modifiers have been mapped, and four strong candidate genes have been identified. Cancer modifier loci affect almost all types of mouse tumorigenesis, with some loci acting on the entire tumorigenic process, whereas others act on specific stages, e.g., tumor initiation or tumor growth/progression. Present evidence indicates that the effects of cancer modifier loci are tissue-specific and restricted to tumor cells. However, a subset of such loci may be involved in different types of tumors, and several chromosomal regions show significant clustering of cancer modifier loci. Human homologues of mouse cancer modifier loci most likely exist and play a role in the risk of sporadic cancer, although present experimental evidence for this possibility is sparse. Mouse cancer modifier loci might serve as the basis for understanding the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of polygenic inheritance of cancer predisposition/resistance. Identification of homologous cancer modifier loci in humans might, in turn, provide a step toward the development of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies that target these loci.
Efficient GPU Computation of Large Protein Solvent-Excluded Surface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Solvent-Excluded Surface (SES) is an essential representation of molecules which is massively used in molecular modeling and drug discovery since it represents the interacting surface between molecules. Based on its properties, it supports the visualization of both large scale shapes and details of molecules. While several methods targeted its computation, the ability to process large molecular structures to address the introduction of big complex analysis while leveraging the massively parallel architecture of GPUs has remained a challenge. This is mostly caused by the need for consequent memory allocation or by the complexity of the parallelization of its processing. In this paper, we leverage the last theoretical advances made for the depiction of the SES to provide fast analytical computation with low impact on memory. We show that our method is able to compute the complete surface while handling large molecular complexes with competitive computation time costs compared to previous works.
A 25-Gb/s 2.2-W optical transceiver using an analog FE tolerant to power supply noise and redundant data format conversion in 65-nm CMOS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A one-chip transceiver was developed for optical backplanes by integrating an analog FE with data format conversion in 65-nm CMOS. 10×6.25Gb/s electrical signals were converted to 4×25Gb/s optical signals with 25% redundancy to improve resilience against possible LD failure. To alleviate degradation of the optical link due to power-supply variations, a TIA with a noise canceller and a fully differential LDD are proposed. The noise canceller decreases power-supply variations by 98%. Total power consumption was only 2.2W.
Prediction of Drilling Trajectory in Directional Wells Via a New Rock-Bit Interaction Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the basic concepts and methodologies of a new general rock-bit interaction model useful in predicting drilling trajectories in directional (and deep vertical) wells. This model is a generalization of existing similar models. It accounts for the anisotropic drilling characteristics of both the formation and the bit. The model is developed in a 3-D geometry. Therefore, it is capable of predicting the walk tendency and the build/drop tendency of a given BHA (bottomhole assembly) under any drilling condition. The model can be used as follows: in the forward mode to predict the drilling direction; in the inverse mode to generate the rock and bit anisot ropy indices; in the log-generation mode to generate drilling logs, such as a drilling dip log. Examples of the first two uses are shown. The drilling directions predicted using various practices and theories are compared to those using this general theory in parametric form. Significant differences can be seen, not only in the predicted walk tendency, which is often missed, but also in the predicted build/drop tendency of the BHA. This paper also shows why a 3-D analysis is essential to properly predict the drilling direction. A 2-D analysis not only completely ignores the walk tendency of the BHA, it also incorrectly predicts the build/drop tendency.
Varieties ofP-Restriction Semigroups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The restriction semigroups, in both their one-sided and two-sided versions, have arisen in various fashions, meriting study for their own sake. From one historical perspective, as “weakly E-ample” semigroups, the definition revolves around a “designated set” of commuting idempotents, better thought of as projections. This class includes the inverse semigroups in a natural fashion. In a recent paper, the author introduced P-restriction semigroups in order to broaden the notion of “projection” (thereby encompassing the regular *-semigroups). That study is continued here from the varietal perspective introduced for restriction semigroups by V. Gould. The relationship between varieties of regular *-semigroups and varieties of P-restriction semigroups is studied. In particular, a tight relationship exists between varieties of orthodox *-semigroups and varieties of “orthodox” P-restriction semigroups, leading to concrete descriptions of the free orthodox P-restriction semigroups and related structures. Specializing further, new, elementary paths are found for descriptions of the free restriction semigroups, in both the two-sided and one-sided cases. Key Words: P-Restriction semigroupRestriction semigroupRegular *-semigroup2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20M0720M0508A15 Notes Communicated by V. Gould.
Computer technology in the College of Agriculture classroom at Louisiana State University

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reports on a study conducted in 1998 at the Louisiana State University College of Agriculture on using technology in the classroom environment. Results indicate that students are generally computer literate with 80 per cent either owning or planning to purchase a personal computer in the next year. Eighty‐five per cent prefer computer‐supported teaching that includes the Internet and multimedia classroom technologies. Sixty‐five per cent of students believe that computer‐based technology in the classroom is very important regarding future competitiveness in the job market. Finally, significant gaps were found between student proficiency and desire to learn more about many technologies including databases, presentation graphics, video presentations and Web page design.
Real-time frequency-based multistatic microwave imaging for medical applications (Invited)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In many medical applications, getting an accurate detection in real, or at least quasi-real, time is vital for the survival of the patient. An example of such an application is the detection of brain injuries due to different accidents. In this work, a frequency-domain multistatic microwave imaging technique, which aims to serve medical applications that require fast diagnosis, is explained. The method employs the captured multistatic scattered signals around the imaged domain to predict the scattering profiles inside that domain in a quasi-real-time manner. For an accurate reconstruction of the internal scattering profile, the method employs a proper technique to cancel background clutter and skin interface reflections. It is successfully verified using full-wave electromagnetic simulations in the detection of brain injury, which is one of the challenging applications of microwave imaging. To that end, a realistic radar-based simulation environment that includes an 8-element antenna array is used to detect brain injuries in a realistic head phantom.
Reversible inhibition of chondrogenic expression by certain hyaluronidase preparations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Embryonic chick chondrocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of different preparations of testicular hyaluronidase. This treatment inhibited the accumulation of cartilage matrix as indicated by phase-contrast microscopy, by Alcian green staining, and by accumulation of 35S-labeled material. In addition, most preparations of testicular hyaluronidase caused a conversion of the cells to a fibroblastic phenotype characterized by a faster growth rate and the synthesis of type-I collagen. This effect was found to be concentrationdependent and was not observed at the minimum concentration of hyaluronidase required to inhibit matrix accumulation. Since two more highly purified hyaluronidase preparations prevented matrix accumulation but did not cause the fibroblastic transformation, it is likely that the conversion to a fibroblastic phenotype is caused by a contaminant in the other hyaluronidase preparations.
Current-controlled grounded memristor emulator circuit based on analog multiplier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a current-controlled grounded memristor emulator circuit based on single four-quadrant analog multiplier, a resistor and a capacitor. The behavioral model of the proposed emulator circuit is analyzed, highlighting its characteristics. Experimental results are given to investigate its ability for different operating frequencies and they are in accordance with theoretical analysis and simulation results. By using a divider circuit, the memristance variation in the time domain is obtained. It is observed that the pinched hysteresis loop at high frequency loses symmetry due in part to the shift that introduces a multiplication of sinusoidal signals.
Study on seasonal variation of radon, thoron, and their progeny levels in indoor environments and their radiological effects on human health

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Indoor radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progeny concentrations have been measured in different types of buildings at different locations in different dwellings in different seasons in Hassan city, Karnataka, using time-integrated passive radon dosemeters containing LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors. The annual effective dose due to radon and thoron has been estimated. The activity concentrations were observed to be highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the data also shows that bathrooms and kitchens have significantly higher radon-thoron concentrations and annual effective doses.
HIGH ACCURACY MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES INTEGRATED INTO RECLOSERS FOR MV POWER NETWORKS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the study of uncertainty on a recloser with high accuracy capabilities in the measurements of electric quantities. The fundamental elements of the recloser will be presented and the proposed uncertainty analysis will be described. It will be shown that the uncertainty evaluated using experimental results is correctly within and numerically consistent with the uncertainty interval evaluated using the procedures reported in the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurements (GUM). This procedure will be proposed for inclusion in the upcoming IEEE P1878 Standard “Measurements on Electric Power Systems: uncertainty evaluation and expression”. The main conclusion of this paper is that the aforementioned procedure can be used successfully for forecasting the accuracy specifications in the design of new power systems.
Lived experiences of surviving in‐hospital cardiac arrest

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors suffer from psychological distress and cognitive impairments. They experience existential insecurity and vulnerability and are striving to return to a life in which well‐being and the meaning of life have partly changed. However, research highlighting the experiences of in‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors is lacking. This means that evidence for postresuscitation care has largely been extrapolated from studies on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors, without considering potential group differences. Studies investigating survivors’ experiences of an in‐hospital cardiac arrest are therefore needed. Aim To illuminate meanings of people's lived experiences of surviving an in‐hospital cardiac arrest. Design An explorative, phenomenological hermeneutic method to illuminate meanings of lived experiences. Method Participants were identified through the Swedish national register of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recruited from two hospitals. A purposive sample of eight participants, 53–99 years old, who survived an in‐hospital cardiac arrest 1–3 years earlier, was interviewed. Findings The survivors were striving to live in everyday life and striving for security. The struggle to reach a new identity meant an existence between restlessness and a peace of mind, searching for emotional well‐being and bodily abilities. The search for existential wholeness meant a quest for understanding and explanation of the fragmented cardiac arrest event and its existential consequences. The transition from hospital to home meant a transition from care and protection to uncertainty and vulnerability with feelings of abandonment, which called for a search for security and belonging, away from isolation and loneliness. Conclusion Surviving an in‐hospital cardiac arrest can be further understood by means of the concept of hospital‐to‐home transition. Following hospital discharge, patients felt vulnerable and abandoned when pending between denial and acceptance of the ‘new’ life. Hence, the healthcare system should play a significant role when it comes to facilitate cardiac arrest survivors’ security during hospital‐to‐home transition.