jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling geodynamo evolution from 0-100 Ma

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this talk we focus on long time-scale fluctuations in the geodynamo controlled by the thermal interaction between the mantle and core. We present a continuous 200 million year long geodynamo simulation that is initially in a non-reversing superchron state for 20 Myr and evolves over 80 Myr with an increase in reversal frequency similar to the seafloor magnetic record. The model begins with an adiabatic CMB heat flow, where convection is driven by the buoyancy of light elements released at the inner core boundary (ICB), and evolves with a linearly increasing super-adiabatic CMB heat flow in time. The prescribed increase in CMB heat flow corresponds to a 27% increase in buoyancy flux at the inner core boundary over 100 Myr. The simulation is continued for another 80 Myr with a linear decrease in CMB heat flow producing a decrease in reversal frequency. Our results indicate a proportional relationship between core heat flow and polarity reversal rate, and imply that the present-day heat flow from the Earth’s core may be anomalously large. Comparing the frequency spectrum of the simulation with the paleomagnetic spectrum we find power over the full range of frequencies modeled. In conclusion, the long-time scale reversal frequency fluctuations found in the paleomagnetic record are consistent with dynamo models with evolving CMB heat flow conditions.
Restricted mandibular movement associated with masseter muscle ossification in a patient with Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is an extremely rare genetic disease which is transferred as an autosomal dominant gene and characterized by soft tissue ossification. This paper report an uncommon case of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva with ossification of the masseter muscle associated with osteomyelitis of the mandible.
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Wiggle Instability in Spiral Galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We studied the stability of galactic spiral shocks through two dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Recently, Wada & Koda (2003) showed, using global hydrodynamic simulations, that galactic gas flows behind a spiral shock becomes unstable against a perturbation parallel to the shock front and form spur‐like density structures. They attributed the origin of this wiggle instability to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) instability triggered by the acceleration of the gas behind the shock. We carried out global simulations including galactic magnetic fields. The initial magnetic field is assumed to be either uniform or purely toroidal. We found that although the magnetic field reduces the growth rate of the K‐H instability, wiggle instability develops even in galaxies with μG magnetic fields. We also present the results of local simulations to demonstrate the dependence of the growth rate of the instability with the wavelength. The interval of spurs is determined by the most unstable wavelength of the wiggle instability.
Supplemental Material: Structural analysis of brittle-plastic shear zones in the Sangre de Cristo Range, southern Colorado, USA: Superposition of Rio Grande rift extension on Laramide contraction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>1:10,000-scale geologic map (File S1); locations and descriptions of all samples (File S2); mineralogy and monazite scans (File S3); zircon U-Pb data (File S4); zircon fission track data (File S5); and monazite U-Th-Pb data (File S6).</p>
The Improvement of Weldline and Flow mark Defection by using Injection Molding Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cause of flow mark defect is known as non-uniform temperature of mold surface when the flow front meets the cold cavity. The exact definition and classification of Flow mark is not clear because the mechanism of flow mark is not figured out till now. Any injection molding analysis software can not predict the flow mark phenomena. To solve weldline and flow mark defects, the gate thickness is reduced to increase the melt front velocity and the melt front velocity of the flow mark area is increased from 82.3㎜/s to 104.7㎜/s. In addition, the bulk temperature of the flow mark area is increased from 178.3℃to 215.2℃ by adding a cold slug well. The flow mark phenomena can be greatly reduced by increasing the flow front velocity and elevating the bulk temperature.
Effect of continuous cropping and fertilization on crop yields and nutrient status of a typic haplustept

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments were conducted during 2001–01 and 2001–02 on Typic Haplustept at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur to assess the effect of nutrient application through different sources in maize-wheat cropping sequence. It showed that application of 100% of recommended NPK (90, 30 and 15 kg ha−1) + FYM (10 t ha−1) and 150% of recommended NPK were superior treatments. These two treatments produced 3.40–3.42 t ha−1 of maize and 4.05–4.08 t ha−1 of wheat. After two years of experimentation, it was found that the application of 100% NPK through FYM 10 t ha−1 and fertilizers, 100% NPK + FYM 10 t ha−1 and FYM 20 t ha−1 significantly improved the organic carbon content of soil. A marked buildup of available P content of soil was recorded by applying 100% NPK + FYM @ 10 t ha−1, 100% NPK through FYM @ 10 t ha−1 and fertilizers, FYM @ 20 t ha−1 and 150% NPK, while the available K content was not significantly affected by the treatments. The available soil Zn and S also declined over the years of experiments except when these elements were added to the soil with 100% NPK.
From Subject to Participant: Ethics and the Evolving Role of Community in Health Research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Belmont Report principles focus on the well-being of the research subject, yet community-engaged investigators often eschew the role of subject for that of participant. We conducted semistructured interviews with 29 community and academic investigators working on 10 community-engaged studies. Interviews elicited perspectives on ethical priorities and ethical challenges. Interviewees drew on the Belmont Report to describe 4 key principles of ethical community-engaged research (embodying ethical action, respecting participants, generalizing beneficence, and negotiating justice). However, novel aspects of the participant role were the source of most ethical challenges. We theorize that the shift in ethical focus from subject to participant will pose new ethical dilemmas for community-engaged investigators and for other constituents interested in increasing community involvement in health research.
A Study on of Make-up Design with the Application of Genre Deconstruction in Hybrids (Ver. 1)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Formatively and artistically aspect, a hybrid can be said to be a phenomenon in which two mutually different genres are combined. Make-up is thought to be very important to arrange the foundation available for predicting and pursuing a flow and direction of future hybrid make-up based on this, by analyzing a flow centering on hybrid trend, which was shown previously. In terms of objectives of this study, the first, aim is to suggest a model for researching make-up by grasping the developmental process and the characteristics of hybrid art through considering an art theory of hybridity, shown in make-up. The second, aim is to design make-up by analyzing trends in make-up style after deconstructing the hybrid genre. The modern make-up design through genre-deconstruction characteristics beyond diverse plurality and genre could be known to be highlighted as aesthetic characteristic by a slight attempt as communication of open space, which connects culture and genre, which had failed to be recognized and was neglected. Empirical research has, produced a work by systematically arranging make-up design. This study, identifies two kind of barrier demolition, such as the class deconstruction and the temporal, spatial disorder centering on genre deconstruction of hybrid. There are infinite possibilities in developing make-up design in line with modern sensation through aesthetic element and symbolic significance through genre deconstruction. It was the expression mode in future make-up, to providing basic data, and to strengthening competitive edge of culture and art.
Bridging the Gender Divide: Facilitating the Educational Path for Men in Nursing

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Although the number of men entering the nursing profession over the past century has increased incrementally, the proportion of men remains low in contrast to the U.S. population. On matriculation into nursing school, men face stereotypes about the nursing profession and the characteristics of the men who enter it. Men may also face a number of gender-based barriers, including lack of history about men in nursing, lack of role models, role strain, gender discrimination, and isolation. Method: This article describes each of these barriers and provides strategies to improve male students' learning experience. Results: The efforts of one nursing school to address many of these barriers are also described. Conclusion: Through acknowledging gender barriers and taking intentional steps to address them with prenursing and nursing students, schools of nursing may create a more inclusive environment and enhance the profession's diversity. [ J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(5):295–299.]
Neolacto-series gangliosides induce granulocytic differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neolacto-series gangliosides having linear poly-N-acetyl-lactosaminyl oligosaccharide structure have been demonstrated to be increased characteristically during granulocytic differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide or retinoic acid (Nojiri, H., Takaku, F., Tetsuka, T., Motoyoshi, K., Miura, Y., and Saito, M. (1984) Blood 64, 534-541). When HL-60 cells were cultured in the presence of neolacto-series gangliosides prepared from mature granulocytes, the cells were found to be differentiated into mature granulocytes on the basis of the changes of morphology, surface membrane antigens, nonspecific esterase activity, and the activity of phagocytosis and respiratory burst. The differentiation of cells was dependent on the concentration of gangliosides and accompanied with inhibition of cell growth. These findings suggest that the particular ganglioside molecules play an important role in regulation of cell differentiation and that the appearance of neolacto-series gangliosides on cell surface membrane not only triggers the differentiation but also determines the direction of differentiation in HL-60 cells.
Tools for application management at Jefferson Lab

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Software Controls Group at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is responsible for slow controls for many Jefferson Lab facilities. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is used as the basis of these control systems. The Controls Group developed and maintains over 150 control applications running on over 100 I/O controllers (IOCs). With so many applications, it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain and upgrade older applications and still produce new applications. The difficulties became especially apparent this year as a major effort was undertaken to upgrade all control system applications to the newest versions of EPICS and VxWorks. Over the past few years, the Controls Group has worked on constructing a framework within which to develop and maintain applications more efficiently. As the framework has matured and applications have been structured to fit the framework, a number of tools have been developed to help with software maintenance and upgrades. This paper will describe some of these tools and how they are used to enhance the maintainability and reliability of the control system.
‘It’s all about connecting’: using visual methods to surface the multisensory and more-than-human dimensions of health information

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Human bodies and health states are becoming increasingly digitised and datafied through the use of digital technologies such as mobile and wearable devices, apps and software, electronic medical records and social media platforms. The ways that people learn about their bodies and health through their encounters with other people, living things and elements of the natural environment are often invisible in portrayals of digital health technologies. This article reports on a project in which we sought to surface more-than-digital, multisensory, affective and more-than-human modes of learning and knowing about health and wellbeing. This project involved a series of qualitative online workshops which incorporated two visually based activities: participants’ creation of maps of personal health information ecologies, and their responses to photographic prompts showing aspects of natural environments. These maps and images inspired participants to express and discuss their thoughts and feelings related to the ways they learn about and conceptualise their health and wellbeing from and with a diverse set of human and nonhuman agents. Taking this approach, we were able to develop an understanding of digital health technologies and health literacies within the more-than-digital contexts and complex health information ecologies of people’s everyday lives.
Expression and activity of Cdk5/p35 in Vc of rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

目的检验Cdk5/p35在神经元成熟和萌芽中扮演着重要作用的假说.方法采用Western blot实验、免疫沉降和Cdk5活性分析的方法,研究了出生后各发育阶段大鼠三叉神经脊束尾侧亚核(Vc)内该激酶的活性变化和Cdk5、p35的表达水平.结果在大鼠三叉神经脊束尾侧亚核组织中,p35的表达随着发育阶段递增而减少,新生大鼠p35的表达最高,到正常成体大鼠几乎无p35的表达.Cdk5的表达量在各发育阶段中是恒定不变的.新生大鼠中的Cdk5活性比成体正常大鼠中的Cdk5活性约高六倍,Cdk5的活性变化与p35的表达变化具有一致性.结论提示Cdk5/p35与三叉神经脊束尾侧亚核内神经元的分化、成熟及可塑性有密切的关系.
A Prominent Role for Activator Protein-1 in the Transcription of the Human 2B4 (CD244) Gene in NK Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The cell surface glycoprotein 2B4 (CD244) of the Ig superfamily is involved in the regulation of NK and T lymphocyte functions. We have recently identified CD48 as the high affinity counterreceptor for 2B4 in both mice and humans. The cytoplasmic domain of 2B4 associates with src homology 2 domain-containing protein or signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein, whose mutation is the underlying genetic defect in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. In this study, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of the human 2B4 (h2B4) promoter. Through primer extension analysis, we found that the transcription of the h2B4 gene initiates at multiple start sites. We isolated h2B4 genomic clones and PCR amplified the 5′ untranslated region containing the promoter elements. We have identified a functional AP-1 site that lies between (−106 to −100) through transient transfection analysis in YT cells, a human NK cell line. EMSAs with Abs specific for various protein factors of the AP-1 family revealed that multiple members of the Jun family are involved in the regulation of the h2B4 gene. Mutation of the AP-1 site not only abolishes protein/DNA interactions but also promoter activity. These results demonstrate a significant role for AP-1 in the transcriptional regulation of the h2B4 gene.
Beetles Infesting Stored Grain in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Beetles Infesting Stored Grain in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Get access K. G. Swenson, K. G. Swenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Tunnock A. Tunnock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 50, Issue 2, 1 April 1957, Pages 117–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.2.117 Published: 01 April 1957
Reciprocal-space and real-space analyses of compositional modulation in InAs/AlAs short-period superlattices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The microstructure of lateral composition modulation in InAs/AlAs superlattices grown by MBE on InP is examined. The use of x-ray diffraction, TEM, AFM, and STEM to characterize the modulations is discussed. Combining the information from these techniques gives increased insight into the phenomenon and how to manipulate it. Diffraction measures the intensity of modulation and its wavelength, and is used to identify growth conditions giving strong modulation. The TEM and STEM analyses indicate that local compositions are modulated by as much as 0.38 InAs mole fraction. Plan-view images show that modulated structures consists of short ({approx_lt}0.2 {micro}m) In-rich wires with a 2D organization in a (001) growth plane. However, growth on miscut substrates can produce a single modulation along the miscut direction with much longer wires ({approx_gt}0.4 {micro}m), as desired for potential applications. Photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the modulation has large effects on the bandgap energy of the superlattice.
Critical role of VGLL4 in the regulation of chronic normobaric hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a rare but deadly cardiopulmonary disorder, is characterized by extensive remodeling of pulmonary arteries resulting from enhancement of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, epigenetics has gained increasing prominence in the development of PH. We aimed to investigate the role of vestigial‐like family member 4 (VGLL4) in chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH)‐induced PH and to address whether it is associated with epigenetic regulation. The rodent model of PH was established by CNH treatment (10% O 2 , 23 hours/day). Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and adeno‐associated virus tests were performed to explore the potential mechanisms involved in CNH‐induced PH in mice. VGLL4 expression was upregulated and correlated with CNH in PH mouse lung tissues in a time‐dependent manner. VGLL4 colocalized with α‐smooth muscle actin in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and VGLL4 immunoactivity was increased in PASMCs following hypoxia exposure in vitro. VGLL4 knockdown attenuated CNH‐induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling by blunting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling; conversely, VGLL4 overexpression exacerbated the development of PH. CNH enhanced the acetylation of VGLL4 and increased the interaction of ac‐H3K9/VGLL4 and ac‐H3K9/STAT3 in the lung tissues, and levels of ac‐H3K9, p‐STAT3/STAT3, and proliferation‐associated protein levels were markedly up‐regulated, whereas apoptosis‐related protein levels were significantly downregulated, in the lung tissues of mice with CNH‐induced PH. Notably, abrogation of VGLL4 acetylation reversed CNH‐induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling and suppressed STAT3 signaling. Finally, STAT3 knockdown alleviated CNH‐induced PH. In conclusion, VGLL4 acetylation upregulation could contribute to CNH‐induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling via STAT3 signaling, and abrogation of VGLL4 acetylation reversed CNH‐induced PH. Pharmacological or genetic deletion of VGLL4 might be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in CNH‐induced PH.
State of the art in the task-based assessment of medical imaging systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Image Science provides a framework for the task-based assessment of image quality. This framework has been used to support the evaluation of medical imaging system hardware, iterative reconstruction algorithms and other image processing methods, and display devices by academia, industry, and US FDA. Since the earliest instances of the SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium the conference has served as an essential venue for presentations and discussions related to the objective assessment of image quality, featuring first disclosures of new models for physiological backgrounds and pathologies, tools for simulating medical imaging systems, models for the human and Bayesian observer, and methods for computing task-based figures of merit. This paper highlights recent advances in the objective or task-based assessment of image quality through the use of computational models and methods, and points to new initiatives intended to develop resources to move this important field forward.
Feeling bad when your partner is away: The role of dysfunctional cognition and affect regulation strategies in insecurely attached individuals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Close relationships have a positive impact on partners’ well-being. However, not every individual seems to benefit to the same extent from being in a close relationship. Insecure attachment is suggested to play a role in this. This study examined the role of attachment insecurity in people’s negative cognitions and dysfunctional affect regulation when faced with a potential relationship threat. Based on the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations Paradigm, cognitions of 155 participants were recorded while they imagined a separation from their romantic partner. Highly anxious individuals were found to think more negatively about their romantic relationship while imagining a potential relationship threat, which in turn increased their negative affect and negative ratings of the self and their relationship. A different pattern was found for avoidance; highly avoidant individuals benefited from negating the potential threat which in turn decreased their negative affect. Insecurely attached individuals, especially highly anxious people, should be helped to engage in more adaptive thinking and affect regulation in relationship-threatening situations to improve both their relational and individual well-being.
Figure S3 from Membrane-Associated RING-CH 8 Functions as a Novel PD-L1 E3 Ligase to Mediate PD-L1 Degradation Induced by EGFR Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Osimertinib induces PD-L1 degradation independent of β-TrCP (A) and GSK3 (B-D).</p>