jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the expression of N-acetylglucosamine 6-0 sulfotransferases in myeloid cells and its implications on CD44 sulfation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The sulfation of proteoglycans and glycoproteins has been implicated in many biological processes. Glycoproteins on high-walled endothelial venules present sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis x determinants that can mediate lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes by serving as ligands for L-selectin on circulating lymphocytes. CD44 represents a family of glycoproteins that is expressed on most cell types. Interactions between CD44 and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been implicated in many facets of the inflammatory response, including leukocyte recruitment. CD44-HA binding is tightly regulated by several mechanisms including changes in CD44 glycosylation. Recently, increased sulfation of CD44 was correlated with increased HA binding induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, in the myeloid cell line, SR91, and in human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). Additional experiments determined 6-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)/Lewis x carbohydrate epitopes, as defined by the monoclonal antibody AG107, were induced on N and O-linked glycans of CD44 by TNFα in SR91 cells. This led to the hypotheses that the induction of the AG107 epitope on CD44 was associated with increased expression of a specific N-acetylglucosamine 6-0 sulfotransferase (GlcNAc6ST) and that the AG107 epitope was involved in the inflammatory process by mediating CD44-ligand interactions. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that TNFα upregulated the expression of GlcNAc6ST-1 in SR91 cells and GlcNAc6ST-1 and -4 in human PBM. In addition, GlcNAc6ST-1 was implicated in the synthesis of the AG107 epitope on CD44. Transcripts for GlcNAc6STs were not increased in mouse macrophages and human M1 macrophages exposed to pro-inflammatory mediators. By contrast, GlcNAc6ST- 1 and GlcNAcGST-4 transcripts were upregulated in human M2 macrophages incubated with TNFα. However, the AG107 epitope was not detected in these cells. Overall, this work suggests that GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-4 are involved the inflammatory process by generating 6-sulfo LacNAc/Lewis x epitopes on CD44 of human PBM. However, the results presented herein do not support a role for the AG107 epitope in TNFα-induced HA binding or L-selectin mediated rolling. In addition, GlcNAc6ST- 1 and GlcNAc6ST-4 may also play a role in functions associated with human M2 macrophages, such as Th2-mediated immunity and wound healing, but not by generating the AG107 epitope.
Fast damaging processes in the TaN thin film absorbers under action of nanosecond electrical pulses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate damaging processes in TaN thin film absorbers under action of high-voltage electrical pulse of nanosecond duration. Despite having mechanical origin of crack opening, estimation based on the readings from oscillograms shows uncharacteristically high velocities of the crack propagation. Design/methodology/approach Microscopic images of damaged absorbers showing the final result of the damaging process provided initial information about its geometrical peculiarities. Then, to clarify the dynamics of the process, the authors create the model of the crack, having elements of self-similarities and multiple stage opening. The influence of heating induced by current concentration at crack tip and of magnetic stress of this concentrated current are both included in the model. Findings Using physical parameters of TaN layers with flowing current and performing calculations the authors define the conditions required to initiate the damaging process and to sustain it. Danger of such damage is relevant for high- T c superconducting thin films after their switching to normal state which is induced by the high-voltage pulse. Practical implications There were made recommendations to manufactures aiming to improve electrical durability of the absorbers in an effort to prevent the damaging influence of power nanosecond electrical pulses. Originality/value Three stage opening model implies the appearance of zone of high-energy dissipation that can lead to detonation-like destruction of the film and, therefore, explain the high velocities of crack propagation.
Pengembangan E-Modul Seni Rupa Menggunakan Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Aplikasi Canva di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is motivated by the fact that in the learning process teachers only use package books provided at school, teachers have not used teaching materials that use technology. This research aims to develop an e-module using a canva-based Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in FINE ARTS learning in grade IV elementary school that is valid and practical. This type of research is R&D (Research and Development) development research. The steps to develop Canva-based learning media using the ADDIE model are the analysis stage, design stage, development stage, implementation stage, and evaluation stage. The data collection instrument uses the e-module validation instrument and the e-module practicality instrument. The data analysis techniques in this study are the validity of the e-module and the practicality of the e-module. The results of the study show that the development of e-modules using the Canva Application-based Project Based Learning model in Fine Arts learning in grade IV SDN 18 Kampung Baru Padang" has been developed using the ADDIE development model and obtained an average result from three validators of 93.67% with a very valid category and declared very practical to use by obtaining a teacher response result of 92.85% with a very practical category and the results of the students' response with the percentage is 90.97% with a very practical category.
Lipid profiles and lifestyle habits of stroke survivors in the east coast region of peninsular Malaysia: Preliminary findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Stroke survivors are at high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events if no prevention strategies are undertaken. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the fasting serum lipid profiles and lifestyle habits in stroke survivors, and the factors associated with suboptimal lipid profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in three public hospitals in Malaysia. Stroke survivors' data regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, fasting serum lipid profiles, dietary adherence, and physical activity levels were acquired. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with suboptimal lipid goals. Results: A total of 104 stroke survivors were recruited from patients attending the neurology and rehabilitation departments. Only 22% of the stroke survivors attained the targeted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L). Meanwhile, more than two thirds of patients achieved the targeted total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Patients with a longer stroke duration (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.33, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.09, 10.13, p = 0.034), elevated blood pressure (AOR 4.74, 95% CI: 1.65, 13.62, p = 0.004), chronic kidney disease (AOR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.05, 10.34, p = 0.041), abdominal obesity (AOR 3.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 8.21, p = 0.020), excessive energy intake (AOR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07, 6.91, p = 0.036), and excessive saturated fatty acids intake (AOR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.02, 7.93, p = 0.045) were significantly associated with suboptimal lipid profiles. Conclusion: The lipid goals attainment was low, particularly the LDL-C levels among Malaysian stroke survivors. Greater efforts are warranted to fully utilise the lipid-lowering therapy and the lifestyle changes in these high-risk patients.
Unlocking the conversion of Web Screenshots into HTML Code with the WebSight Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using vision-language models (VLMs) in web development presents a promising strategy to increase efficiency and unblock no-code solutions: by providing a screenshot or a sketch of a UI, a VLM could generate the code to reproduce it, for instance in a language like HTML. Despite the advancements in VLMs for various tasks, the specific challenge of converting a screenshot into a corresponding HTML has been minimally explored. We posit that this is mainly due to the absence of a suitable, high-quality dataset. This work introduces WebSight, a synthetic dataset consisting of 2 million pairs of HTML codes and their corresponding screenshots. We fine-tune a foundational VLM on our dataset and show proficiency in converting webpage screenshots to functional HTML code. To accelerate the research in this area, we open-source WebSight.
Detection of Drug Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus from Sheep Mastitis Milk

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In Iraq, sheep play an important role in supplying the local market’s requirements for milk and meat. The objective of this study, 117 milk samples collected from Awassi ewes put to sale in the animal sales yard in Al-Qasim District from Babylon Governorate during four weeks on December 2023. The udder and milk inspection by visual examination and indicator papers (BOVIVET) for detection of mastitis. Consequently, cultured mastitis milk sample on HiCrome™ Klebsiella Selective Agar Base for isolation and easy detection of Klebsiella spp and phenotypic detection of Escherichia coli (EC) on MacConkey agar. Consequently, Staphylococcus aureus is isolation by inoculating on Mannitol salt Agar, and confirmed by the Vitek2 system, then antibiotic resistance characteristics are studied by the Kirby-Bauer technique on Muller Hinton agar. The results showed phenotypic detection of 24(20.5%) mastitis milk sample out 117 milk samples and isolation of Klebsiella spp 5(20.8), Escherichia coli 7(29.1) and Staphylococcus aureus 12 (50%) then studying the characteristics of microbial resistance to Staphylococcus aureus isolates , it was shown that it possesses resistance to Ciprofloxacin 3(25%), Ampicillin 7(58.3%), Gentamycin 3(25%), Streptomycin 2 (16.6%), Amikacin 3(25%), Doxycycline 5(41.6%), Cefaxitin 2(16.6%), Ceftazidime 2(16.6%), Ceftazidime 2(16.6%) and Erthromycin 2(16.6%). In conclusion, data showed there are many causes of mastitis in sheep, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is still the most common cause among other causes, and the most important thing is that it acquires resistance due to mismanagement and indiscriminate use of veterinary medicines. Therefore, we recommend periodic follow-up of sheep, giving necessary vaccines, and educating farmers to limit the spread of diseases that effects animal and human health and cause significant economic losses.
LEUKEMOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION OF ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

O-15 Following infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), a long latent period is required for the development of frank adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), suggesting that accumulated genetic or epigenetic changes of the host genes are involved in leukemogenesis. In HTLV-I+ carriers, CD4+ memory T-cells increase in accordance with HTLV-I provirus load. In contrast, both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T-cells decrease, which might account for the immunodeficiency associated with HTLV-I infection. Phenotypes of increased CD4 memory T-cells are similar to those of ATL cells, suggesting that HTLV-I viral protein(s), especially Tax, promotes the proliferation of infected cells, leading to the onset of ATL. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p16 gene, is one of tumor suppressor genes, whose deletions have been shown to be associated with high-grade malignant ATL. We examined the methylation profile of p16 in various HTLV-I-infected cell populations using methylation-specific PCR (MSPCR) following sodium bisulfite treatment. A high frequency of methylation of p16 gene was identified in ATL samples and HTLV-I-transformed cell lines. Sequencing of p16 revealed that the CpG sites of p16 were more frequently methylated in fresh leukemic cells than detected with MSPCR. Fresh leukemic cells isolated from acute and lymphoma-type ATL cases had more methylated sites than those from chronic or smoldering ATL cases. These data suggest that the CpG sites of p16 are methylated at greater levels as the disease progresses, resulting in the suppression of p16 expression. Although Tax has been shown to functionally inactivate p16, the methylation of p16 also appears to play a critical role in regulating p16 in HTLV-I-associated leukemogenesis.
A Complete Analysis of Durum Wheat Value Chain in the Central Zone of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study analysed wheat (Triticum durum) value chains in Madhya Pradesh, situated in the Central Zone of India. Conducted in 2023, it employed multistage random sampling to obtain data from 100 respondents, comprising 60 farmers and 40 stakeholders engaged in wheat value chains. The assessment covered the entire pathway from farm to consumer, focusing on cost of cultivation, gross returns, marketing margins, value addition, and marketing efficiency. The results indicated that the average cost of cultivation was ₹35,665 per acre, while the average gross return amounted to ₹43,802 per acre. Small farmers reported the highest cost as well as gross returns. The mean return on investment (ROI) for wheat cultivation was estimated at 0.35. Three distinct value chains were identified in the study area. Among them, the chain where farmers sold directly to millers, bypassing local traders and brokers, was the most efficient (0.849). This chain also ensured the highest price realization for farmers (₹2,350/q), compared with ₹1,870/q and ₹2,060/q in the first and second chains, respectively, which involved more intermediaries. The findings highlight the efficiency gains from reducing intermediaries and provide empirical evidence to support future research on value chain optimization in other crops.
Volodymyr Zelensky at Shangri-La: strategising candid multilateralism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2024 Shangri-La Dialogue was remarkable for drawing attention to the power of multilateralism in promoting dialogue that draws together the links between an interconnected global and Asian security equation. At the same time, by serving as a platform for candid exchanges about threats to national sovereignty and territorial integrity, it drives home the point that participating states are no longer bystanders in international relations. The violation of these for any state will have security implications for others.
Assessing the Environment Domain of the Canadian Index of Wellbeing: Potentials for Leveraging Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is aimed at understanding the environment domain of the Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW) and how it can further contribute to communicative strategies that promote strategic sustainable development. Several ways of conceptualizing, describing and measuring the relationship between human wellbeing and the environment have been attempted in the past through a number of wellbeing indices, but none of these have been entirely successful at capturing the intricacies and potential implications inherent in the relationship. This study attempts to cast light on how the environment domain of the CIW can benefit from having a guiding framework to better communicate the pressures placed on the environment and show links to other aspects of societal behaviour and wellbeing. The goal is to contribute to a better conceptualization of sustainable progress and a tool for policy integration. \nAn in-depth literature review was conducted to report on how human wellbeing and the environment have been measured. The empirical basis of the thesis is expert interviews. Six of the interviewees have been involved in the development and application of well-known wellbeing indices. The study also interviewed two regional level planners in Waterloo with deep interest in environmental sustainability. This thesis proposes the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) as a guiding framework for the environment domain of the Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW) with resource use indicators from Material Flow Analysis (MFA). \nFood and Transportation are then proposed to improve the scope of the domain and the index. From a planning perspective, they represent key political, economic and environmental issues. They are both important to Canadian livelihoods and present direct connections between wellbeing and the environment. By presenting food and transportation indicators using the DPSIR framework and MFA as a tool they become understandable and communicate a strong message about how these systems are affecting the Canadian environment. \nOther potentially emergent concepts were also presented in this thesis. Further research into many of these concepts, both developing and established, are suggested to further the applicability of the CIW for Canadian policy leverage. This study has the potential to build a universal understanding of what these terms mean and how wellbeing indices can be used to develop a better understanding of the important link between elements of the environment and human wellbeing.
BSPED guideline: what we know and why the guideline was changed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two key drivers underpinned the most controversial changes to the guideline—revised recommendations regarding fluids and an increased emphasis on treating shock. The first was the PECARN FLUID study (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network), a randomised controlled trial comparing a rapid with a slower rehydration fluid regimen.1 The second was concern, triggered by three deaths (unpublished audit data), that the fluid regime introduced in 2015 may be overly restrictive, increasing morbidity, and that anxiety about fluids may be inhibiting adequate resuscitation.

Cerebral oedema affects 1% of admissions with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The traditional view that cerebral oedema is mediated by osmotic changes and may be precipitated or exacerbated by fluid administration has resulted in more restrictive fluid regimes.2 However, there is little evidence that such regimes have reduced the incidence of cerebral oedema.3–5 Evidence now suggests cerebral oedema results from initial cerebral hypoperfusion followed by a vasogenic or reperfusion injury.2 Cerebral oedema occurs at presentation, prior to any fluid administration, in up to 19% of cases.6 Asymptomatic subclinical cerebral oedema is evident in 50% of cases on MRI.7 Why some patients develop overt cerebral oedema remains unclear, and the role of fluids is contentious.

Of the six predominantly small case-control studies cited in the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidance NG18 from which the previous 2015 British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED) guideline evolved, four studies suggested that fluids were not a causal factor for cerebral oedema.5 6 8 9 The prospective UK case–control study, given the highest evidence rating, suggested higher fluid volumes may be a factor.10 However, the mean pH …
2-(Trimethylsilyl)thiazole

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[79265-30-8] C6H11NSSi (MW 157.34) InChI = 1S/C6H11NSSi/c1-9(2,3)6-7-4-5-8-6/h4-5H,1-3H3 InChIKey = VJCHUDDPWPQOLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (useful formyl anion equivalent;1 effective one-carbon homologating reagent of alkoxy aldehydes, amino aldehydes, and dialdoses2) Physical Data: bp 51–53 °C/10 mmHg; d 0.992 g mL−1; nD 1.4980. Solubility: insol H2O; very sol CH2Cl2, diethyl ether, THF. Form Supplied in: liquid; widely available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H and 13C NMR. Purification: distillation under reduced pressure. Preparative Method: although 2-(trimethylsilyl)thiazole 1 is commercially available, it can be easily prepared on a multigram scale from 2-bromothiazole, n‐Butyllithium, and Chlorotrimethylsilane as shown in eq 1.3 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: is stable upon storage under an inert atmosphere in a refrigerator. Nevertheless, it should be freshly distilled for best results. Irritating to the eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. Use in a fume hood.
Haemostatic defect in non-immune patients with falciparum malaria: no evidence of diffuse intravascular coagulation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nine non-immune patients with imported falciparum malaria were examined for signs of diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC). Although all had thrombocytopenia initially and some later had a decline in plasma fibrinogen concentrations, DIC was never detected, even in severely affected patients with coma and kidney damage. None of the patients were given heparin and all recovered without residual symptoms. Heparin administration should probably be considered only when clear-cut DIC, which possibly never occurs in falciparum malaria, has been demonstrated.
Love in the counter-transference: The uses of the therapist's excitement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

SUMMARY The psychoanalytic tradition has always had difficulty with the question of the therapist's sexual feelings toward the patient. This paper traces that difficulty: from Freud's original struggle to replace moralism with a psychoanalytic mode of understanding, to the more recent literature on countertransference which still seems particularly averse to the possibility of the therapist's sexual experience. By way of a discussion of a psychoanalytic psychotherapy, I argue for the sometimes central therapeutic role of the therapist's experiencing, and then containing, excitement.
Effect of small interpulsar distances in stochastic gravitational wave background searches with pulsar timing arrays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the primary objectives for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is to detect a stochastic background generated by the incoherent superposition of gravitational waves (GWs), in particular from the cosmic population of supermassive black hole binaries. Current stochastic background searches assume that pulsars in a PTA are separated from each other and the Earth by many GW wavelengths. As more millisecond pulsars are discovered and added to PTAs, some may be separated by only a few radiation wavelengths or less, resulting in correlated GW phase changes between close pulsars in the array. Here we investigate how PTA overlap reduction functions (ORFs), up to quadrupole order, are affected by these additional correlated phase changes, and how they are in turn affected by relaxing the assumption that all pulsars are equidistant from the solar system barycenter. We find that in the low-frequency GW background \nlimit of f ∼ 10^(−9) Hz, and for pulsars at varying distances from the Earth, these additional correlations only \naffect the ORFs by a few percent for pulsar pairs at large angular separations, as expected. However, when nearby (order 100 pc) pulsars are separated by less than a few degrees, the correlated phase changes can introduce variations of a few tens of percent in the magnitude of the isotropic ORF, and much larger fractional differences in the anisotropic ORFs—up to 188 in the m = 0, l = 2 ORF for equidistant pulsars separated by 3°. In fact, the magnitude of most of the anisotropic ORFs is largest at small, but nonzero, pulsar separations. Finally, we write down a small angle approximation for the correlated phase changes which can easily be implemented in search pipelines, and for completeness, examine the behavior of the ORFs for pulsars which lie at a radiation wavelength from the Earth.