jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1887023.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps as an important part of the system of military personnel training in Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the course of modernization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the transition to the new image of the officer, military education of the Russian Federation today faces a complex and important task of the scientific study of processes of formation and training of officers, capable of solving problems of the security of the state, and reform of the system of military education that meets the priority tasks of the Russian Armed Forces. These facts lead to the need to turn to the history of the formation of the system of military education and the necessity to examine military education in Russia in second half XVIII century with the aim of summarizing, organizing, recording and use of past experience in contemporary Russia. In the process of training at the artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps pupils were taught to love Russian history, Russian army, the Navy, and developed high moral standards. Cadets were notable for their extensive professional knowledge, broad outlook, patriotism, honor, duty, and comradeship. Until the end of the eighteenth century, the training of future officers in the cadet corps took place on the basis of the revitalization of moral education, free and comprehensive development of personality of a future officer of the Russian army. The author makes use of some archival sources that have not yet been examined.
Industrial Digital Color Printing Press for the Plastic Card Industry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Today the plastic card and more precisely the smart card (chip card) market is growing very fast in all segment applications (mobile phone, bank, identity and loyalty,..). This growth comes also with the request from the customer and/or the application to have a customized product in a very large scale of production batches, from few cards to few million cards. We have to combine large volume production with individual personalization that makes the card unique. The analysis of the different card manufacturing processes shows a bottleneck at the printing and graphical personalization stage.Traditional offset printing does not offer to card issuers the opportunity to print multiple card designs in a single run. Other printing technologies are not compatible with an industrial environment in terms of speed and cost. The target for final customers is to have a unique product at a very low cost.This problem is today a difficult reality and the plastic card manufacturers and related suppliers are looking for solutions meeting positively this demand.This document describes the development of an industrial inkjet color printing press for plastic card. The different development steps will be detailed including the customer need, the selected technology and partner, equipment, the print engine development, the technical and economical results in production.
Effects of Different De-astringency Treatments on Soluble Tannin Content and ADH and PPO Activities in Persimmon Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fruits of persimmon cv.'Zaohong' were treated with different concentrations of carbon dioxide and alcohol to remove their astringency.It was found that the treatments with 30% alcohol,40% alcohol or 80% carbon dioxide at room temperature reduced astringency to a level below the threshold limit value in 96 hours.The alcohol treatments reduced soluble tannin content more effectively than the carbon dioxide treatment.ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) activity increased to its peak level and then decreased,while PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activity steadily increased in the treatments.
Supporting Student Learning to Make the Most of Study Abroad

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Spanish and French majors at our small, private, Southern U.S. liberal arts institution must study abroad for an entire semester, yet students embark and return with widely disparate levels of language and intercultural learning. To more fully foster learning-laden semester-long study abroad experiences we changed the curriculum and now majors take a three-semester sequence of courses before they leave, while abroad, and upon return. In this pilot study we assessed students’ intercultural competency using the Intercultural Development Inventory both pre- and post-study abroad experience. We also used their assignments to triangulate and contextualize the IDI scores. As a result of the data, we contend that intercultural learning a) must be scaffolded and supported throughout the entire language, cultures, and literatures curricula, and b) any results on indirect standardized scales need to be compared with direct assessments. Based on the data, we revised the three-course sequence to help students process their intercultural journey. Given the nature of the changing international education landscape, some implications, beyond our department, of the small pilot study are also provided. Abstract in Spanish En nuestra universidad privada en el sur de Estados Unidos es obligatorio que los estudiantes especialistas en español y francés estudien en el extranjero para un semestre entero (típicamente cuatro meses). A pesar de tal, estudiantes van y vuelven con niveles de idioma y aprendizaje intercultural muy desiguales. Para fomentar que los semestres en el extranjero fomentaran más aprendizaje, nuestro departamento cambió los requisitos para la especialización. Ahora necesitan tomar un curso antes de que vayan, un curso en línea mientras están en el extranjero y un curso al volver. En esta investigación evaluamos el desarrollo intercultural de los estudiantes usando el Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI), antes y después de sus estudios en el extranjero. También usamos sus tareas para verificar los resultados del IDI. Insistimos que el aprendizaje intercultural a) tiene que ser integrado durante toda la especialización y, b) los resultados de pruebas estandarizadas, como el IDI, se necesitan comparar con trabajos estudiantiles para comprobar tales resultados. Discutimos las modificaciones a los cursos que hicimos a base de este estudio e implicaciones que el estudio nos dio que pueden aplicar a otros departamentos e instituciones.
Semi‐transparency, dealership market, and foreign exchange market quality

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the effects of a semi‐transparency event, the introduction of the electronic trading system (EBS), on the market quality of a typical dealership market – the FX market. We find that increasing transparency leads to smaller quote disagreement among dealers and higher trading volume, but the beneficial effects are bigger for uninformed dealers than informed dealers. We also find that information efficiency improves overall in the semi‐transparent system; however, informed dealers are found to quote less aggressively in the more transparent market. We conclude that semi‐transparency raises market quality in general, but that it is the uninformed dealers who benefit more from this increased quality.
Studies on the mechanism of oxalate-induced resistance to anthracnose in cucumber leaves.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study showed that oxalate-induced systemic resistance to anthracnose in cucumber leaves was due to the function of oxalate anion group. It was meanwhile observed that FeSO 4 was also a good inducer to increase the systemic resistance. The activity of different forms of peroxidase (POD), including soluble, ionically cell wall bound and covalently cell wall bound peroxidase, was significantly induced by oxalate. The ratio of ascorbic acid (AsA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAsA) and ferrous (Fe 2+) to ferric (Fe 3+) iron was remarkably increased by oxalate treatment. The significance of cell wall bound peroxidases, ferrous iron and ascorbate in oxalate-induced resistance was disccussed.
Countering malware evolution using cloud-based learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent years have seen an explosion in the number and sophistication of malware attacks. The sheer volume of novel malware has made purely manual signature development impractical and has led to research on applying machine learning and data mining to automatically infer malware signatures in the wild. Unfortunately, researchers have recently found ways to game the machine learning algorithms and learn to predict which samples the learning algorithms will classify as benign or malicious, thus opening the door for innovative deception on the part of malware developers. To counter this threat, we are developing our Semi-Supervised Algorithms against Malware Evolution (SESAME) program, which uses online learning to evolve as new malware is encountered, recognizing novel families and adapting its model of families as they themselves evolve. It uses semi-supervised learning to enable it to learn from both labeled and unlabeled malware. SESAME combines a rich feature set with deep learning algorithms to learn the essential characteristics of malware that enable us to relate novel malware to existing malware. SESAME is being designed to be an enterprise-based system with learning in the cloud and rapid endpoint classification.
Evaluation of calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor selectivity in primary human Th cells using bar‐coding and phospho‐flow cytometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Small molecular inhibitors are excellent tools for manipulating cell reactions. They are widely used in scientific research to study molecular mechanisms of cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions as well as in clinical applications to treat patients. However, their selectivity is often not well known. Moreover, it can vary according to cell types and the analysis methods used. Therefore, it is usually not possible to make comparisons between the data presented in the literature. Here we analyzed the selectivity of five chosen inhibitors of calcineurin/NFAT activation under the same conditions. Using a combination of fluorescent cell barcoding and phospho‐specific flow cytometry we studied the inhibition of activation of NF‐κBp65 and MAPK pathways in stimulated primary human Th cells. This semi‐high throughput approach enabled us to demonstrate that (i) CsA and NCI3 are around 5 to 10‐ and 20‐fold less potent, respectively, at inhibiting phosphorylation of NF‐κBp65 and p38 than activation of NFAT, (ii) AM404 is at least 15‐fold selective for NFAT but already toxic at concentrations above 40 μM, (iii) INCA6 is not selective at all, and (iv) BTP1 is at least 100‐fold selective for inhibition of NFAT activation relative to NF‐κBp65, p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Altogether, our results not only show the applicability of a semi‐high throughput inhibitor test system but also that BTP1 is the most selective inhibitor of calcineurin/NFAT activation among the studied inhibitors under the used conditions.
Gene structure of Enterococcus hirae (Streptococcus faecalis) F1F0-ATPase, which functions as a regulator of cytoplasmic pH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enterococcus hirae (formerly Streptococcus faecalis) ATCC 9790 has an F1F0-ATPase which functions as a regulator of the cytoplasmic pH but does not synthesize ATP. We isolated four clones which contained genes for c, b, delta, and alpha subunits of this enzyme but not for other subunit genes. It was revealed that two specific regions (upstream of the c-subunit gene and downstream of the gamma-subunit gene) were lost at a specific site in the clones we isolated, suggesting that these regions were unstable in Escherichia coli. The deleted regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the nucleotide sequences of these regions were determined. The results showed that eight genes for a, c, b, delta, alpha, gamma, beta, and epsilon subunits were present in this order. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that these eight genes were transcribed to one mRNA. The i gene was not found in the upper region of the a-subunit gene. Instead of the i gene, this operon contained a long untranslated region (240 bp) whose G + C content was only 30%. There was no typical promoter sequence such as was proposed for E. coli, suggesting that the promoter structure of this species is different from that of E. coli. Deduced amino acid sequences suggested that E. hirae H(+)-ATPase is a typical F1F0-type ATPase but that its gene structure is not identical to that of other bacterial F1F0-ATPases.
Introduction to Language and Linguistics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Expands the discussion of coordinate structures started in the previous chapter to another kind to syntactic ambiguity involving a prepositional phrase in the title of the Princeton University introductory linguistics course: Introduction to Language and Linguistics. On one interpretation, the left conjunct is only Language; while on the other, it is Introduction to Language. Each interpretation corresponds to a unique hierarchical structure. To determine why one interpretation is more appropriate than the other, it is necessary to consider the meaning of the words language and linguistics, including how they relate. This leads to a basic discussion of what a language is and what language is from the perspective of modern linguistics. This chapter wraps up the analysis of coordinate structures with a discussion of the use and misuse of coordinate structures in writing. It demonstrates how coordinate structures can be a source of ambiguity, redundancy, and vagueness—all hallmarks of poor writing.
Stacking Model-Based Korean Prosodic Phrasing Using Speaker Variability Reduction and Linguistic Feature Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a prosodic phrasing model for a general purpose Korean speech synthesis system. To reflect the factors affecting prosodic phrasing in the model, linguistically motivated machine-learning features were investigated. These features were effectively incorporated using a stacking model. The phrasing performance was also improved through feature engineering. The corpus used in the experiment is a 4,392-sentence corpus (55,015 words with an average of 13 words per sentence). Because the corpus contains speaker-dependent variability and such variability is not appropriately reflected in a general purpose speech synthesis system, a method to reduce such variability is proposed. In addition, the entire set of data used in the experiment is provided to the public for future use in comparative research.
Winding number, density of states and acceleration

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Winding number and density of states are two fundamental physical quantities for non-self-adjoint quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators, which reflect the asymptotic distribution of zeros of the characteristic determinants of the truncated operators under Dirichlet boundary condition, with respect to complexified phase and the energy respectively. We will prove that the winding number is in fact Avila's acceleration and it is also closely related to the density of states by a generalized Thouless formula for non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operators and Avila's global theory.
Jan Willis: Duhkha and Enlightenment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Janice Dean Willis is professor of Religious Studies at Wesleyan University. She was born in 1948, in Docena, Alabama to Dorothy and Oram Willis. She has one sister: Sandra Williams. As a fifteen-year-old, she marched with Martin Luther King Jr. during the Birmingham campaign of 1963. Though reared in the Baptist Church, she fell in love with Buddhism while a college student. Jan graduated from Cornell University in 1969. She flirted with the Black Panther Party before pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University. Jan received a Ph.D. in Indic and Buddhist Studies in 1976. Initially, she struggled with her choice to become a Tibetan Buddhist rather than a Black Panther. Jan has never married and has no children. In addition to her scholarly texts, she is the author of an autobiography entitled Dreaming Me: From Baptist to Buddhist, One Women's Spiritual Journey (2001). Her mother once told Jan that she reminded her of Malcolm X.KeywordsBlack WomanBlack PeopleCaste SystemWhite SupremacyBlack PersonThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Discrimination in Indian Labour Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The unorganized workers account for about 93 percent of the total workforce and the share of unorganized sector is about 50 per cent in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India. But it is observed that workers in this sector are highly vulnerable to job security and social protection. The conditions of women workers in the informant sector are highly vulnerable than men workers. It is also observed that the number of workers in unorganized sector (informalization of working class) has increased during the last decade. The majority of the workers in unorganized sector who do not get social security benefits are from disadvantaged sections of the society. Workers in informal sector are found to be paid even less than one third of the formal sector wage. Very low living standard is workers in the informal sector as compared to public sector and formal sector because of wage inequality by sectors. Key Words: Gender Discrimination, Wage Differences, Unorganized Workers
A New Entry to Indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Abstract: The synthesis of the indolo[2,3-a]carbazole ring is described starting from 3-chloromethylene-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 5 and 3-(cyano-ethoxycarbonyl-methyl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 4.
Teens ’ Perceptions About Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications and Adaptation to Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

I wish to acknowledge my enduring and respectful gratitude to those who have assisted, encouraged, supported, and guided me in the development of this research and my endeavors toward academic excellence. My eternal respect and admiration goes to Dr. Elaine Jones for her consistent personal modeling of excellence in nursing research. Her unique ability to make sophisticated scholarship available through education has enriched my early stages of learning preparing for later complex graduate research. Dr. Jones has sustained my efforts throughout undergraduate and graduate endeavors. My special thanks to my thesis committee: Elaine Jones, PhD, RN; Marylyn
Does social capital promote sustainable livelihood? Mediating effect of women entrepreneurship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The present study investigates the role of social capital in promoting sustainable livelihood amongst indigenous women in India. The study further analyses the mediation effect of women entrepreneurship between social capital and livelihood promotion. Design/methodology/approach Structure equation modeling has been used to empirically examine the effect of social capital in promoting sustainable livelihood. The study has collected 612 samples from indigenous women entrepreneurs across Sundargarh and Koraput districts in Odisha. Findings The result highlighted the extensiveness of indigenous women entrepreneurs, who utilized their social capital to improve enterprise performance and livelihood conditions. It is witnessed that social capital has a direct and positive effect on uplifting the living standards of indigenous women. Furthermore, women entrepreneurship mediates the relationship between social capital and livelihood promotion of indigenous women. Practical implications The decision-makers, policy practitioners and government agencies must encourage more women's self-help groups to participate in entrepreneurial activities by utilizing social capital through government welfare programs. Originality/value The present study adds value to the existing literature on social capital, women entrepreneurship and sustainable livelihood by measuring the importance of social capital in achieving sustainable livelihood. This study will add knowledge to the existing theories and literature of social capital on its use and importance towards the benefit of society.
Development of secure Internet applications for governmental environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The translation of public administrative procedures to the Internet would produce important benefits in the accessibility efficiency and transparency of interaction, and especially in the satisfaction of citizens. It would also produce important economic benefits because of the reduction in the costs of those procedures (paper forms, human processing, time, etc.). But the potential advances that Internet could introduce in the relations between citizens and governmental administration have not been fully realized because of the lack of mechanisms to provide confidentiality, authenticity, nonrepudiation and other important security services in a global scale. We examine the security features of Project Alcance. The Project has been included in the Spanish R&D Programme and is concerned with the electronic relations between private transport companies and the regional government of Andalucia.
Efficacy comparison of severe congenital ptosis treated with excessive levator shortening and frontalis muscle flap suspension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To compare the outcomes of severe congenital ptosis treated with levator shortening and frontalis muscle flap suspension.<p>METHODS: Forty cases(58 eyes)with severe congenital ptosis were retrospective analyzed. Shortening levator muscle of upper eyelid was conducted in 30 eyes, and 28 eyes were treated with frontalis muscle flap suspension. All cases were followed up for 6mo. The ptosis correction rates were analyzed. Post-operative complications such as blepharelosis, hypophasis, exposure keratitis and conjunctival prolapse were recorded.<p>RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the complete correction rate between levator shortening group and frontalis muscle flap suspension group(83% <i>vs</i> 82%, <i>P</i>>0.05). However, the levator shortening had better appearance and fewer complications, such as blepharelosis(0 <i>vs</i> 3), hypophasis(15 <i>vs</i> 23), exposure keratitis(1 <i>vs</i> 2), and conjunctival prolapse(2 <i>vs</i> 3)at 6mo after surgeries.<p>CONCLUSION: Both the operations are effective on the treatment of severe congenital ptosis. However, levator shortening surgery leads to fewer complications and better appearance.