jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type I NTRK1 Polymorphism on Epidural Analgesia with Hydromorphone during Labor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidural labor analgesia is a widely employed method of analgesia in current clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NTRK1 gene polymorphism and epidural labor analgesia, offering a novel perspective for labor analgesia related research. Epidural labor analgesia was administered with hydromorphone in 208 eligible pregnant women. Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA anticoagulant blood samples. The NTRK1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1800880 (T > C) and rs6334 (G > A) were genotyped utilizing PCR-RFLP. Parameters such as the 24 h visual analogue score (VAS), modified Bromage score, 48 h patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) compression counts, dosage of anesthetic, adverse reactions were meticulously recorded. The immune functions were assessed by flow cytometry, and oxidative stress levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The findings indicated that NTRK1 rs1800880 T > C and rs6334 G > A were similar, 24 h VAS score and anesthetic dosage were decreased. rs1800880 C allele was no significant difference in adverse reactions, but the level of oxidative stress was significantly reduced. The nausea and emesis response of rs6334 mutant AA was significantly reduced. Both rs1800880 TC + CC vs. TT and rs6334 GA + AA vs. GG showed significant effects on 24 h VAS score. Mutations in rs1800880 and rs6334 reduce postoperative pain, adverse reactions, and oxidative stress responses. The NTRK1 SNP may play an important role in labor analgesia and may be an effective predictor of individual pain perception, thereby providing patients with a more personalized approach to labor analgesia.
TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE DESIGN OF INDEPENDENT EDUCATION ON THE SUBJECT “INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION”

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article discusses theoretical aspects of teaching in an e-learning environment, in accordance with information technology science programs in education. It also provides a methodology for using electronic platforms to help students manage independent study hours allocated for subjects in a modular credit system at higher education institutions. In addition, students can use these platforms during educational training sessions to master independent learning topics. From this article, students can gain advice and answers to questions they may have, which can be used to organize independent learning in all types of higher education institutions
Agents that enhance or reduce movement of mobile genetic elements: Detection in microbial assays and implications for toxicological assessment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A comprehensive assessment of the potential toxicological effects of an environmental chemical or mixture of chemicals must take into account the possibility of genetic damage to cellular organisms. In conventional assays (e.g., the Ames test), point mutations (both base‐pair substitutions and frameshifts) have come into widespread use as indicators of genetic damage, but it is important that such end points be supplemented by indicators of more extensive genetic damage such as deletions or other large scale rearrangements of sections of genetic material. In the present paper, the ability of certain chemicals to cause gross changes to DNA sequences will be reviewed. The changes to be considered are primarily those that result from movements of mobile genetic elements, and focus especially on description and discussion of factors that enhance or inhibit the movement of transposons such as Tn 10 . © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Barriers to Enhancing Disaster Risk Reduction and Community Resilience: Evidence from the L’Aquila Disaster

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Building sustainable and resilient societies is a multidimensional challenge that affects achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In crises and disasters, civil protection authorities typically use emergency powers and a command-and-control approach to manage resources and to design and implement disaster management interventions. They centralise knowledge, technologies and responsibilities for prevention, mitigation and monitoring, while stifling the capacities of local communities to reduce disaster risks and impacts. The mechanism they enact leads to a poor understanding of the capacities of local people to learn and transform, and of how community wellbeing, vulnerabilities, and resilience influence disaster risks. The mechanism does not strengthen the role of local communities in disaster risk reduction. Instead, it facilitates disaster capitalism at all levels of society. Drawing on the disaster risk reduction and resilience paradigm and on our analysis of the disaster management interventions conducted before and after the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy, we discuss the main constraints to implementing the four Priority Areas in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: (1) Understanding risk in its multiple dimensions; (2) strengthening disaster risk governance; (3) investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience; and (4) enhancing preparedness and build back better in response, recovery and reconstruction. We discuss how top-down, emergency-centred civil protection approaches create second disasters, and fail in all four priorities. We suggest that shifts in paradigm and investment are required in disaster management and development practice from centralised civil protection systems to decentralised, socially sustainable community empowerment systems.
Folding into a β-Hairpin Can Prevent Amyloid Fibril Formation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tetrapeptide KFFE is one of the shortest amyloid fibril-forming peptides described. Herein, we have investigated how the structural environment of this motif affects polymerization. Using a turn motif (YNGK) or a less rigid sequence (AAAK) to fuse two KFFE tetrapeptides, we show by several biophysical methods that the amyloidogenic properties are strongly dependent on the structural environment. The dodecapeptide KFFEAAAKKFFE forms abundant thick fibril bundles. Freshly dissolved KFFEAAAKKFFE is monomeric and shows mainly disordered secondary structure, as evidenced by circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, hydrogen/deuterium exchange measurements, and molecular modeling studies. In sharp contrast, the dodecapeptide KFFEYNGKKFFE does not form fibrils but folds into a stable beta-hairpin. This structure can oligomerize into a stable 12-mer and multiples thereof, as shown by size exclusion chromatography, sedimentation analysis, and electrospray mass spectrometry. These data indicate that the structural context in which a potential fibril forming sequence is present can prevent fibril formation by favoring self-limiting oligomerization over polymerization.
From Commonwealth to Colony? Poland under Prussia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prussia’s Polish provinces are a particularly promising site for an investigation of colonial connections in that their acquisition predated that of Germany’s overseas colonies from 1884 by over a century, far longer than was the case in Alsace or Schleswig. This makes it possible to examine the impact of Germany’s colonial empire in Africa and Asia on established patterns of Prussian rule in the east. The province of Royal Prussia, renamed West Prussia, came to the Hohenzollern monarchy in the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in 1772, and the province of Poznania in the second partition, in 1793. Prussia extended its territory southward after the last partition, in 1795, which dissolved the rump Polish state entirely, but soon lost the territory to Napoleon’s Duchy of Warsaw in 1807. Apart from some small territorial adjustments, the Congress of Vienna confirmed Prussian rule over West Prussia and Poznania in 1815. While these became part of the new German Empire created in 1871 as a result of the process of unification, they remained constitutionally under Prussian rather than federal control. As the largest of the constituent states, Prussia also provided many of the personnel responsible for the acquisition and governance of overseas territories, which lay under federal control. These territories, known as protectorates, which were acquired from 1884, comprised South-West Africa, East Africa, Cameroon, Togo in Africa, Samoa and New Guinea in the Pacific and, finally, Kiaochow in China.
Development of a New Thermal Insulating Concrete Block by Spent Polystyrene Foam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research, a new Thermal Insulating Concrete Block (TICB) is produced via “sandwich” structure by spent polystyrene foam, cement and other raw materials. According to the concerned China Standard Test Method for Building Material, the main properties of this TICB are measured successfully. By comparing its properties with those of autoclaved aerated concrete block as wall material, it can be concluded that comprehensive properties of this concrete block is better than those of autoclaved aerated concrete block. The extrusive advantage of producing this TICB is that large amount of spent polystyrene foam which is hard to be decomposed as industrial waste can be consumed. This is propitious to environmental protection and energy conservation. Therefore, TICB studied in this paper is one kind of green environmental wall material with bright prospect.
Data from Altered Cell-Cycle Control, Inflammation, and Adhesion in High-Risk Persistent Bronchial Dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Persistent bronchial dysplasia is associated with increased risk of developing invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. In this study, we hypothesized that differences in gene expression profiles between persistent and regressive bronchial dysplasia would identify cellular processes that underlie progression to SCC. RNA expression arrays comparing baseline biopsies from 32 bronchial sites that persisted/progressed to 31 regressive sites showed 395 differentially expressed genes [ANOVA, FDR ≤ 0.05). Thirty-one pathways showed significantly altered activity between the two groups, many of which were associated with cell-cycle control and proliferation, inflammation, or epithelial differentiation/cell–cell adhesion. Cultured persistent bronchial dysplasia cells exhibited increased expression of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which was associated with multiple cell-cycle pathways. Treatment with PLK1 inhibitor induced apoptosis and G<sub>2</sub>–M arrest and decreased proliferation compared with untreated cells; these effects were not seen in normal or regressive bronchial dysplasia cultures. Inflammatory pathway activity was decreased in persistent bronchial dysplasia, and the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate was more common in regressive bronchial dysplasia. Regressive bronchial dysplasia was also associated with trends toward overall increases in macrophages and T lymphocytes and altered polarization of these inflammatory cell subsets. Increased desmoglein 3 and plakoglobin expression was associated with higher grade and persistence of bronchial dysplasia. These results identify alterations in the persistent subset of bronchial dysplasia that are associated with high risk for progression to invasive SCC. These alterations may serve as strong markers of risk and as effective targets for lung cancer prevention.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> Gene expression profiling of high-risk persistent bronchial dysplasia reveals changes in cell-cycle control, inflammatory activity, and epithelial differentiation/cell–cell adhesion that may underlie progression to invasive SCC. <i>Cancer Res; 78(17); 4971–83. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The Argument from Normative Legitimacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 2 addresses the legitimacy of intervention by international courts – unelected international bodies – in the decisions of democratically elected domestic officials. The chapter starts by delineating the commitment of international courts to the text of treaties that regulate their jurisdiction. It continues by explaining when expansive interpretation of these treaties is legitimate because the process of negotiation or revision of treaties gives certain countries an unjustified power to limit the treaty obligations of all member countries. Finally, the chapter explains that even if a country fully controls its treaty obligations it may not properly represent the interests of all parties affected by the treaty because of so-called democratic failures, justifying the use of expansive interpretation by international courts.
To own forest or not? Vertical integration in pulp and paper sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Vertical integration in forest industry refers to firms that provide large portion of wood from their own or controlled forests. Access to resources and competition for cost effective acquisition of industrial raw material are some of the main concerns and advantages for globalized forestry corporations. However, quantitative studies in this topic are still lacking especially at the global scale. This analysis is based on the logistic regression analysis on dichotomous variable whether company owns forest land or not. Data is based on sample of 52 forest companies reported in TOP 100 A Global Forests, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey, and the information provided with regards to corporate forest holdings and corporate financial performance available in corporate sustainability and other reports for year 2012. In results, we see that decision on vertical integration is significantly affected by the firm size, sales and profitability of the company. The influence of location and other relevant factors of firm performance are discussed to the extents that the data allows.
Tidal interactions and the formation of Magellanic spiral galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The closest, brightest and best resolved galaxy in the sky, the Large Magellanic Cloud, is a prototype of the late-type disk systems referred to collectively as barred Magellanic spiral galaxies (SBm). These systems occupy a pivotal stage in the Hubble sequence since they represent the transition from spiral disk galaxies to chaotic, irregular galaxies and are characterized by an asymmetric spiral arm which emanates from one end of a high surface brightness bar. We present evidence that the formation of the one-armed spiral morphology involves the tidal interaction with a companion galaxy. In summary the major points of our observational investigation include the following: (1) The vast majority of one-armed spiral galaxies possess bright nearby neighbors which appear to be physically associated. (2) The HI gas distribution and kinematics of one pair of SBm galaxies clearly reveal this system to be tidally interacting. (3) The infrared properties of the bars in two SBm galaxies support optical studies of bar luminosity profiles in late-type systems, and also suggest that the formation of compact star forming regions in these bars may not be uncommon.
A case of parenchymal-sparing right mainstem bronchial sleeve resection for carcinoid tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors are rare bronchial carcinomata often presenting in a central airway. Resection usually includes a sleeve of the bronchus with the underlying lobe. Case report We present a 19-year old male with retro-obstructive pneumonia from a tumor in the right mainstem bronchus. Bronchoscopy showed an obstructive mass confirmed as being a typical carcinoid on biopsy. Sleeve resection of the mainstem bronchus only was successfully performed sparing the entire right lung. Discussion and conclusion This type of limited tumoral resection should be reserved for carefully selected patients with a low-grade neoplasm without extrabronchial extension and with both tumor-negative lymph nodes and bronchial margins on frozen section.
[Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae, causal agent of the bacterial spot of squash].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacterial leaf spot of squash was characterized for the first time in Argentina. Cultural, physiological, morphological and cross-infection tests on Cucurbitaceae showed that the pathogen was Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae (Bryan) Dye. The bacterium isolated from winter squash proved pathogenic for pumpkin, winter squash, cucumber and watermelon but no for muskmelon.
A Paper on use of Passive Techniques for Islanding Detection

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Customers are calling for higher power reliability and performance from the power sector to shift for disrupted generations as a result of the development in new technologies like as fuel cells, wind generators, photovoltaic and other breakthroughs in power electronics. Due to environmental concerns, distributed generation (DG) is the primary source and aim in the electricity business. However, islanding is the idea gained after a part of a power system electrically isolates itself from the rest of the network while being powered by distributed generators. The capacity of a DG to identify the islanding is a key idea that emerges at this point. The present industry is working on the issue of isolating the distribution generator from the entire system on the fault occurrence because the failing of which might harm the DG and the loads. So every distributed generator must have been equipped with such an islanding sensing element, generally known as an anti-islanding devices, like a ROCOF relay or a vector surge relay, in order to do this.
[Anatomical study of the cutaneous innervation of the lumbosacral region. Application to the physiopathology of certain lumbalgias].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

30 dissections have confirmed that the skin of the gluteal area is innervated by the posterior branches of T12 and L1, 19 times out of 30 (64 p. cent) or T12, L1 and L2, in 8 instances (26 p. cent) or T12, L1 and L2 receiving an anastomosis from L3, in 3 instances. This explains certain lumbo-gluteal pain coming from the dorso-lumbar area ("low lumbalgias of high origin"). In addition, the posterior branch, the most medial (most of the time L1, sometimes L2) goes through an osteo-aponeurotic channel formed by the iliac crest below and the dorso-lumbar fascia above. This channel, located at 7 or 8 cm of the spinal process, may be at the origin of a neuropathy. It projects at the same level in relation to the mid-line as the iliac insertion of the ilio-lumbar ligament. The latter seems impossible to feel as it is too deep and hidden by the superficial aspect of the iliac crest. Lumbalgias, sometimes related to a strain of this ligament, seem to be, most of the time, the result of an irritation of the posterior branch of L1 or L2.
When guidelines fail

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

She was a 78 year old widow who lived in sheltered accommodation and, despite being partially sighted because of advancing glaucoma, was still able to get about with her white cane. She rarely visited our surgery, and when she did it was for a flu jab or regarding moderate generalised osteoarthritis. This morning, however, she limped into my consulting room apologetically and said, “The heel of my right foot is hurting, doctor. I'm finding it difficult to walk to the shops. My eyesight doesn't help either.”

I set out to examine her foot. There was nothing grossly abnormal. It was well perfused, no swellings, and no evidence of any trauma. Deep palpation over the calcaneum produced tenderness. “Bingo,” I thought, “plantar fasciitis, with or without calcaneal spur.” I reached for an x ray form when I suddenly remembered the fate of the previous x …
Simulating and Evaluating Global Aerosol Distributions With the Online Aerosol‐Coupled CAS‐FGOALS Model

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We implement an existing aerosol module named Spectral Radiation Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS) in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System (CAS‐FGOALS) model and simulate the global aerosol properties over 2002–2014. The simulated surface mass concentrations of individual aerosols generally reproduce the observed ones. The simulated spatial‐temporal distributions of the aerosol optical depths (AODs) are evaluated with multisource satellite retrievals, and the simulated AOD, Ångström Exponent (AE), and single scattering albedo (SSA) are further evaluated with the ground‐based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. The spatial distribution of the modeled AOD is found to be generally comparable to the satellite retrievals. The interannual and seasonal variations of the modeled AOD over various aerosol regimes are also overall consistent with the AERONET observations. With respect to the AE, our model can reproduce the interannual variations fairly well over the dust dominant regions, and generally capture the seasonal variations over the industrial domain regions. Over the industrial domain regions, however, the systematic underestimation of the simulated AE is found, which is in part due to the biases of wind fields and overestimation of the relative humidity (RH) by the host model. With respect to the SSA, our model can also generally reproduce the observed seasonal variations, while the modeled values are typically lower than the observations, especially over North Africa.
Physical and Genetic Mapping of Wheat Kinase Analogs and NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conserved motifs within resistance genes have been utilized in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategies to isolate resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and resistance gene-like (RGLs) sequences from many plant species. RGAs have the potential to serve as closely linked markers for marker-assisted breeding or even as resistance gene candidates. The objectives of this study were to clone, sequence, and map RGAs and kinase analogs (KA). Three motifs in nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance genes and two conserved motifs within R-gene kinases were used to design degenerate primers and amplify RGAs and KAs from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Eight NBS-LRR and 26 KAs were isolated. The clones were physically mapped to chromosomes by means of wheat nulli-tetrasomic lines. The probes detected 137 fragments that could be assigned to 20 of the 21 chromosomes; nearly half of the fragments mapped in the B genome. None of the fragments mapped to chromosome 4D. Genetic mapping of clones showed simple and complex loci indicating both single and multigene families. The RGAs and KAs will be useful as markers for mapping resistance gene loci.