jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Do federal contractors suffer tax-related political costs?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate whether federal contractors incur political costs in the form of higher tax payments or if they sometimes wield sufficient political power to escape these costs. Our study provides new evidence testing accounting theories regarding political costs in a policy setting increasingly important due to growing government spending and federal deficits. Consistent with Zimmerman (1983), we define tax-related political costs as less tax avoidance or tax aggressiveness. Using proxies for political scrutiny based on the proportion of firm revenue from federal contracts or the magnitude of the federal contracts, we find firms avoid less tax if they face high political scrutiny. This result is consistent with firms incurring political costs to mitigate the costs of political scrutiny. However, the negative relation between tax avoidance and political scrutiny is mitigated by a firm’s political power (measured by either size of the firm or the ratio of defense contract dollars to total contract dollars). Thus, we conclude that smaller contractors and non-defense contractors bear the burden of scrutiny, but large, politically powerful contractors are not constrained by political costs. Our study sheds light on conflicting findings from prior research that uses size as a proxy for political costs or political power and
A Stewardship Approach to Combating Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections With Minocycline

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs should consider old antimicrobials for emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii. Our purpose is to evaluate susceptibilities of minocycline to MDR-A. baumannii and assess the outcomes of patients treated with minocycline. Methods Consecutive isolates from 67 patients with MDR-A. baumannii were tested to determine susceptibilities to tetracycline, minocycline, tigecycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem/cilastatin, and colistin. Patients receiving minocycline from September 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011 were analyzed for demographics, penicillin allergy, clinical and microbiologic response, length of stay (LOS), infection-related LOS, and mortality. Results Minocycline was susceptible to 32 (48%) of 67 A. baumannii isolates. Of the imipenem/cilastatin- and ampicillin/sulbactam-resistant isolates, minocycline was susceptible to 18 (38%) of 47. Five patients received minocycline in combination with ampicillin/sulbactam or colistin for pneumonia (n = 3), bacteremia (n = 1), and skin and soft tissue infection (n = 1). The median treatment duration, LOS, and the infection-related LOS were 10, 34, and 21 days, respectively. All patients had microbiologic cure, and 4 had clinical response. Conclusions Minocycline showed clinical utility for MDR-A. baumannii infections. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs should consider minocycline for MDR-A. baumannii infections and monitor patient outcomes.
Enhancing the Performance of Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement by Synergetic Improvement of Packing Density, Lubrication, and Moisture State of Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is considered superior to other pavement types with reference to cost, ease of construction, and performance. However, the aggregate demand is significantly higher in RCCP than in the conventional concrete pavement. It is predicted that natural minable limestone sources would be exhausted in India in the next 30 to 40 years. One way to reduce the natural aggregates (NA) requirements in RCCP is through the integration of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). However, the physical property of RCA is significantly inferior to that of NA owing to the presence of adhered mortar (AM), which increases the water demand by 2.3 to 4.6 times and affects the compactness and hardened-state behavior of RCCP. This study has tried to enhance the compactness and improve the performance of RCCP containing RCA (coarse, fine, and total RCAs) through different synergetic approaches. This, in turn, enhances the interlocking capacity using the particle packing approach, followed by mitigating the negative effects of AM by altering the moisture states, then improving the compactability and lubricating the matrix with superplasticizers. The results depict that altering the moisture states alone could adversely affect the RCCP performance because of the moisture transfer mechanism from the hydraulic gradient. Moreover, the inclusion of superplasticizers in different moisture states could manifest better aggregate rearrangement and compactability. Further, it could improve the tensile behavior of the RCCP compared with the concrete containing NA. These findings favor the complete replacement of NA by RCA for low-volume rural road construction.
Characterization of vascular dementia with TMS: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia. However, the variety of lesions in different vessels make VaD heterogeneous. VaD has been studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with multi‐infarct dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). There is, however, some controversy about the reported impairment in cortical excitability and cortical circuits in VaD(1–5). Therefore, we reviewed systematically TMS characterization in patients with VaD. Method We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Our search strategy included terms related to VaD and TMS and was conducted in 4 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid and Scopus) from origin to April 2021. Two authors screened the studies in a 2‐stepwise approach. Original studies, comparing any type of VaD to healthy controls (HC) using TMS. Case reports and series were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS. Meta‐analyses comparing various TMS parameters between VaD and HC were conducted. Demographic data (age, sex, comorbidities, years of education, onset age, diagnosis information), subtype of vascular dementia, reference standard, and TMS parameters were extracted. Result After duplicates were removed our search yielded 216 results. After applying the eligibility criteria, 26 articles were fully screened and finally 8 articles were reviewed and included in the meta‐analysis(4–11). A total of 145 patients with VaD were analyzed, and most of them had SIVD (69.65%) and CADASIL (11.72%); 140 HC were also analyzed. When compared VaD patients to HC, the mean differences of resting motor threshold (RMT) and short‐latency afferent inhibition (SAI) values were statistically significant (Fig 1‐2). Conclusion This is the first systematic review to describe the differences of TMS parameters between patients with VaD and HC. RMT and SAI values were significantly altered in patients with VaD suggesting that both cortical excitability and cholinergic transmission are affected. These parameters could be further used to understand the impact of vascular events in neurotransmission. Furthermore, because of the difficulty of detecting vascular lesions in structural imaging studies, TMS characterization may allow a clearer diagnosis of VaD.
Study on solubility of wheat germ protein hydrolysate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neutral protease and papain were used to modify the solubility of wheat germ protein.The influence of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions such as concentration of substrate and enzyme,hydrolysis time,pH value and temperature on the solubility of wheat germ protein hydrolysates was studied systematically.The results showed that the hydrolysis of neutral protease and the solubility of hydrolysate were better than that of papain.The hydrolysis and solubility of wheat germ protein was 1.40% and 58.7% when the concentration of substrate and neutral protease were 10% and 1.0%,hydrolysis time 2.5h,pH6.5 and temperature 35℃.The solubility of wheat germ protein was increased a lot compared with that before hydrolysis.
MiR‐526b targets lncRNA SLC16A1‐AS1 to suppress cell proliferation in triple‐negative breast cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present study investigated the potential interaction between miR‐526b and lncRNA SLC16A1‐AS1 in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Expression of miR‐526b and SLC16A1‐AS1 in TNBC tumor tissues and paired nontumor tissues from 60 TNBC patients was detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The interaction between miR‐526b and SLC16A1‐AS1 was evaluated with overexpression experiments, followed by RT‐qPCR. The proliferation and migration of cells were detected with cell counting kit‐8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Apoptosis of cells was assessed by cell apoptosis assay. The expression of apoptosis‐related proteins was quantified by Western blot analysis. MiR‐526b was predicted to bind with SLC16A1‐AS1. Overexpression of miR‐526b in TNBC cells decreased the expression levels of SLC16A1‐AS1, while overexpression of SLC16A1‐AS1 did not affect the expression of miR‐526b. In TNBC tissues, miR‐526b was downregulated in TNBC tissues, while SLC16A1‐AS1 was upregulated in TNBC tissues compared to that in nontumor tissues. The expression of SLC16A1‐AS1 and miR‐526b were inversely correlated. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of SLC16A1‐AS1 promoted cell proliferation and invasion but suppressed cell apoptosis. MiR‐526b played an opposite role and suppressed the function of SLC16A1‐AS1. MiR‐526b is downregulated in TNBC and it targets SLC16A1‐AS1 to regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of TNBC cells.
Distinct mechanisms involving diacylglycerol, ceramides, and inflammation underlie insulin resistance in oxidative and glycolytic muscles from high fat-fed rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study investigated whether oxidative and glycolytic skeletal rat muscles respond differently to a high-fat (HF) sucrose-enriched diet with respect to diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides accumulation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, glucose metabolism, and the expression of inflammatory genes. HF diet (8 weeks) suppressed insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in soleus (Sol), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and epitrochlearis (Epit) muscles. However, DAG and ceramides levels increased in Sol and EDL, but not in Epit muscles of HF-fed rats. Additionally, membrane-bound PKC-delta and PKC-theta increased in Sol and EDL, whereas in Epit muscles both PKC isoforms were reduced by HF diet. In Epit muscles, HF diet also increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptors (CD40 and FAS), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-kB), whereas in Sol and EDL muscles the expression of these inflammatory genes remained unchanged upon HF feeding. In conclusion, HF diet caused DAG and ceramides accumulation, PKC activation, and the induction of inflammatory pathways in a fiber type-specific manner. These findings help explain why oxidative and glycolytic muscles similarly develop insulin resistance, despite major differences in their metabolic characteristics and responsiveness to dietary lipid abundance.
Conductive, transparent, flexible electrode from silver nanowire thin film with double layer structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Herein we report a double layer structured transparent/flexible transparent electrode from silver nanowire (Ag NW) network film with graphene oxide (GO) coating. The electrode consists of two layers on top of a transparent substrate successively: the first layer is a thin film composed of Ag NW networks, and a GO coating on top. The top encapsulation layer not only greatly decreases the film resistivity while keeping its transparency, but also enhances the thermal and chemical stability. It is expected that the proposed GO/Ag NW double layered electrode might serve as an ultimate solution to the practical applications of Ag NW based electrode.
Case studies: understanding players and the contexts in which they play. Workshop on Crossing Domains: Diverse Perspectives on Players

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over recent years, the study of games and players has become an established domain with HCI research. However, while a range of methods has been employed within this area, questions remain as to how to develop in-depth understandings of players and the contexts they play within. Drawing upon the social sciences, this paper proposes case studies as an additional methodology for player research. We discuss the approach by referring to an example of how case studies were used to investigate the relationship between gaming involvement and learning.
Enhanced response of leukemic (L1210) mice to combination chemotherapy with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) and 5-fluorouracil (NSC-19893)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinical interest in 5-fluorouracil prompted investigation of the therapeutic benefits of combination treatment with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC). Daily combination treatment was superior to DIC or 5-FU alone in BDF1 mice with early leukemia L1210. The maximum increase in life-span elicited by this combination was 50 to 155% greater than that produced by 5-FU alone. Against advanced L1210, the efficacy of DIC alone was diminished and the efficacy of 5-FU was retained, but combination therapy was only 30% more effective than treatment with 5-FU. Single drug therapy was comparable in DBA/2 and BDF1 mice, but combination treatment was more effective in BDF1 mice. The most effective daily combination generally utilized the optimal 5-FU dose and relatively ineffective DIC doses. Apparently, the addition of relatively low doses of DIC to an optimal dose of 5-FU contributed to effective treatment of the disease without, at the same time, increasing toxicity to the host.
Gaze bias during preference-based decision making

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research has shown that gaze closely reflects attentional bias as well as preference during preference-based decision making. For example, prior studies employing a two alternative choice task (e.g., choose between two faces) found that participants initially distribute gaze evenly between both options, but then gradually shifted toward the stimulus that they eventually chose. So far, most studies have examined how participants bias their gaze while presenting choices that are not associated with a strong prior preference. Here, we were instead interested in whether and how gaze biases can represent individuals’ varying degree of prior preferences during a choice task. To address this question, we recruited participants with an alcohol dependence who also smoked cigarettes, because they have already established different degrees of craving between these two substances. First, we identified their most preferred alcohol (e.g., Budweiser) and cigarette items (e.g., Marlboro). Then, participants were exposed to these two preferred items and self-reported cravings for each. Finally, in an eye-tracking task, we presented one each picture of an alcohol, a cigarette, and a water item on a computer screen. We randomly manipulated the relative preference of each item across trials by presenting a most preferred (e.g., Marlboro) or less preferred item (e.g., Newport cigarettes) along with a neural item (e.g., water bottle). We asked participants to select which of the three items they preferred the most by keypress while tracking their gaze. We demonstrated that the relative proportion of time spent looking at alcohol and cigarettes was correlated with self-reported relative craving. Furthermore, we demonstrated that participants fixated at the eventually chosen item for a greater proportion of time, regardless of the relative preference. Taken together, these results reveal a relationship between internal craving, gaze bias and choice during decision making.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and DFT study of ethyl benzimidate and 4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ethyl benzimidate and 4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine are important intermediates for the synthesis of triazine compounds. The structure of the target compounds were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The precise structure of ethyl benzimidate and 4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular structures were further calculated using density functional theory (DFT), which were compared with the X-ray diffraction value. The results of the conformational analysis indicate that the molecular structures optimized by DFT were consistent with the crystal structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals of the title compounds were further investigated by DFT, and some physicochemical properties of the compounds are revealed.
Circuit aging simulator (CAS)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A circuit aging simulator (CAS) has been developed as part of the BSIM (Berkeley Short-channel Igfet Model) family to predict the effects of hot-electron degradation on MOS circuit behavior. Using the SPICE2 of SPICE 3 circuit simulator in a UNIX environment, CAS simulates circuit behavior at a user-specified future time using fresh and DC prestressed BSIM parameter process files. CAS is configured in a pre- and postprocessor configuration, so that no modifications to the SPICE code are necessary. Iterative simulation to take into account ongoing degradation can also be done through an accompanying UNIX shell scrip program.< >
A review of the sinica species group within the genus Lilioceris (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Xu, Yuan, Liang, Hongbin (2022): A review of the sinica species group within the genus Lilioceris (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae). ZooKeys 1119: 153-179, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.87082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.87082
Multivalent Chelators for In Vivo Protein Labeling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the advent of single‐molecule methods, chemoselective and site‐specific labeling of proteins evolved to become a central aspect in chemical biology as well as cell biology. Protein labeling demands high specificity, rapid as well as efficient conjugation, while maintaining low concentration and biocompatibility under physiological conditions. Generic methods that do not interfere with the function, dynamics, subcellular localization of proteins, and crosstalk with other factors are crucial to probe and image proteins in vitro and in living cells. Alternatives to enzyme‐based tags or autofluorescent proteins are short peptide‐based recognition tags. These tags provide high specificity, enhanced binding rates, bioorthogonality, and versatility. Here, we report on recent applications of multivalent chelator heads, recognizing oligohistidine‐tagged proteins. The striking features of this system has facilitated the analysis of protein complexes by single‐molecule approaches.
Labeled extracellular vesicles can be found in the blood plasma shortly after intrauterine infusion in bovine

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study explored the migration of follicular fluid (FF)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of the uterine environment to the bloodstream and their interaction with neutrophils in vivo and in vitro. For the in vivo experiment, six Nellore heifers (Bos indicus) received an intrauterine infusion seven days after ovulation with 1X PBS only (sham group; n=1), 1X PBS stained with lipophilic dye PKH26 (control group; n=2), or FF-derived EVs stained with PKH26 (treated group; n=3). Plasma was collected at 0, 10, 30, 60-, 180-, 360-, 720-, and 1440-min post-infusion to obtained EVs for analysis by nano flow cytometry. Labeled EVs were present in the bloodstream at 30- and 60-min post-infusion in the treatment group. Additionally, plasma derived-EVs from all groups were positive for Calcein-AM, Alix, Syntenin, and Calnexin, which confirm the presence of EVs. The second experiment utilized the plasma-derived EVs from the heifers from 30 and 60 min timepoints to evaluate if neutrophils can uptake EVs in vitro. As results, it was possible to observe the presence of labeled EVs in neutrophils treated with plasma derived-EVs from the treatment group. In summary, our results suggest that labeled EVs can migrate from the uterine environment rapidly and interact with circulating immune cells in bovine.
Contributions of thermal expansion of monuments and nearby bedrock to observed GPS height changes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Long‐term continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observations have become an important tool for studying the various geodynamic processes. To fully study the geodynamic processes at GPS stations, the temporal movements of GPS monuments and nearby bedrock induced by thermal expansion need to be considered. In this paper, we extend a theoretical model to estimate the thermal expansions of GPS monuments and nearby bedrock for 86 globally distributed GPS stations based upon measurements of surface air temperatures. The results show that annual temperature variations are the dominant contributors for the thermal expansion of GPS monuments and nearby bedrock. The contributions of thermal expansion to GPS height changes display largely spatial variations and can reach to a few millimeters.
Multifrequency inverse problem for the reduced wave equation with sparse data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The inverse problem for the reduced wave equation Δu+k2n2(x)u=0 is considered where the quantity to be determined is the value of n(x) in a compact domain D in R3. The data consists of a finite set of measurements of the scattered field produced by different incident fields. The measurements are made at various points exterior to D and at possibly different frequencies. The mathematical problem involves solving a system of nonlinear functional equations. Conditions are developed which indicate when the measured body is close to a particular comparison body (a linearized perturbation is valid). A new higher order nonlinear iterative procedure is developed for the full nonlinear problem, which reduces to the usual solution in the linearized region. The method is illustrated by computational results for the one-dimensional case.