jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
From Patriarchal Motherhood to Feminist Mothering? The Depiction of the Single Mother Tongbaek in the K-drama When the Camellia Blooms (2019)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The South Korean television series When the Camellia Blooms ( Tongbaekkot p'il muryŏp , 2019) was one of the highest-rated and most-discussed miniseries dramas of 2019. It is notable that the K-drama has succeeded in attracting viewers from all demographics. This popularity seems to be related to the issues that are highlighted in the drama, such as the #MeToo movement, misogynist murders, and new concepts of family. This article focuses on the portrayal of the single mother Tongbaek in the drama and argues that When the Camellia Blooms used intertextual references to other single mothers from Korean literature and film as a contrast to portray its own message as progressive. The title alone suggests understanding When the Camellia Blooms in relation to both the title of the short story When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom ( Memilkkot p'il muryŏp ) from 1936 and the film title Ms. Camellia ( Tongbaek agassi ) from 1964. Both the short story and the film depict the single mother as a self-victimizing character reduced to her role as mother. In contrast, the K-drama chooses the other extreme and celebrates the single mother as a self-sufficient heroine. While the drama's idealization of motherhood seems to be at odds with the feminism it promotes, the emphasis on solidarity and alternative parenting/caring communities toward the end of the series suggests a more open-minded narrative. I argue that by providing diverse messages on mothers, mothering, and motherhood, the drama stimulates the discussion on how to overcome patriarchal motherhood and move toward feminist mothering.
Reminiscences by a Historian of Southeast Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This presentation had several goals. The first was to provide a sense of the ways in which the field of Southeast Asia studies, especially history, has developed during my own career, especially during the 1960s. A second goal was to address the tension between country-based history and comparisons across the region. Third, I described the decline in Southeast Asian studies in the 1980s and 90s and the new questions that arose as global histories assumed greater prominence. A fourth goal was to highlight the rise of women’s history, although this tended to focus on the late 19th and 20th centuries. The identification of the early modern period as a focus of historical interest opened a door to thinking comparatively about the role of women during a time of regional change. The talk ended with comments about the apparent decline of history in the United States and the expectation that the study of the past, so fundamental to national and regional identities, will be maintained in Southeast Asia.
Introducing Undergraduates to Restricted Research

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work-in-progress Innovative Practice paper discusses a formalized classroom experience that introduces undergraduate engineering students to restricted research opportunities and careers, consistent with the charter of the Virginia Tech Hume Center. Specifically, this paper highlights the creation and results from two initial offerings of a sophomore-level multidisciplinary engineering course that explores unique national security engineering topics, ranging from technical deep dives that stress unique engineering design requirements, tear downs of real platforms, design methodologies relevant to the Department of Defense (DoD) and Intelligence Community (IC), traditional focuses on research methods, and an overview of the U.S. security clearance process. Further, students are prepared to engage in restricted research opportunities on campus, either as part of an individual faculty member's research or as part of the Hume Center's adaptation of the Vertically Integrated Projects (VIP) experiential learning program. Early post-course survey results confirm that the class encourages students towards future career opportunities in national defense.
Modulation of T-cell activation by the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper factor via inhibition of nuclear factor κB

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Previously a novel gene was identified that encodes a glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) whose expression is up-regulated by dexamethasone. This study analyzed the role of GILZ in the control of T-cell activation and its possible interaction with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Results indicate that GILZ inhibits both T-cell receptor (TCR)–induced interleukin-2/interleukin-2 receptor expression and NF-κB activity. In particular, GILZ inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding due to a direct protein-to-protein interaction of GILZ with the NF-κB subunits. Moreover, GILZ-mediated modulation of TCR-induced responses is part of a circuit because TCR triggering down-regulates GILZ expression. These results identify a new molecular mechanism involved in the dexamethasone-induced regulation of NF-κB activity and T-cell activation.
Toward Chemical Ecology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Kairomones, Pheromones, and Other Behaviorally Active Chemical Compounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An overview of natural chemical compounds involved in plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) behavior is presented and classified following a system accepted by chemoecologists. Kairomonal and other egg-hatching stimulants, as well as attractants for juveniles, are presented. Sex, aggregation, egg-hatching, and putative diapause PPN pheromones are analyzed and grouped into clusters of primers and releasers. The role of over 500 chemical compounds, both organic and inorganic, involved in PPN behavior is reviewed, with the most widely analyzed and least studied fields of PPN chemical ecology indicated. Knowledge on PPN chemical ecology facilitates environmentally friendly integrated pest management. This could be achieved by disrupting biointeractions between nematodes and their host plants and/or between nematodes. Data on biologically active chemicals reveals targets for resistant plant selection, including through application of gene silencing techniques.
The Identity of Hispanic Literatures: One Breath, a Million Words

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nothing can stop the tides of innovation in art: it is this idea that a captive, dirty, weak, and hungry Don Quixote embraced to affirm himself as the heroic referent for the emerging Romance literatures. Indeed, this adaptability has been the secret of his longevity in the Western canon. Like Don Quixote, Hispanic literatures cannot build their identity on a pristine, metropolitan, and uniform Spanish language elevated by its exclusivity. If literary Hispanism is to be alive, it needs to evolve into a complex cultural construction that binds together the oral and literat­e languages of America and Spain and takes into account transatlantic flows and contradictions. Breathing, a common feature of both literary patterns and a rhythm of nature, will serve as the much-needed metaphor to bridge Latin American oral cultures, which have found permanence and expression in written texts, with literate cultures, including even the most urban, digital, and technologically advanced from Mexico, Chile or Spain. ­
Analysis of Cellular Characteristics of Cork and Cellular Structure from Two Types of Quercus variabilis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With SEM,we observed and analyzed the microstructure of cork samples from thin and thick types of Quercus variabilis located in sunny slope of North Slopes Qinling Mountains where the core distribution area of this species was.Results show:(1)The cells of two types of cork have the typical features of cork tissues with a regular and radially aligned structure of suberized cells without intercellular void.In the tangential section,cork cells were seen as polygons in a honeycomb-like arrangement,while the radial and transverse section shown a brick wall-like structure.In the radial section,cork cells arrayed along a line which was vertical to the tree axial direction.In transverse section,cork cells arrayed along a radial whichemitted by the center of the tree axial direction.(2)It was found that the thick type cork have thinner cell wall and larger cell volume than that of thin type cork.(3)Compared to Quercus suber,the cork quality of thick type of Q.variabilis were a few bad.(4)There were corrugations on the prism height of cell walls,especially during the growth ring and the lignified phellem cells.There were more corrugations during thick type rather than thin types.(5)The result shown that the cork of thick type of Q.variabilis was better than thin types.It was suggested that more attention should be paid to exploitation of cork resources of thick type in the future.
[Geno- and phenotypic characteristic of Bacillus strains--components of endosporin].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Endosporin is used in veterinary for the prophylaxis and treatment of disbacteriosis, intestinal infections, festering wounds and postpartum pyoinflammatory complications in agricultural animals. The probiotic is based on two Bacillus strains which inhibit growth of a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms and synthesise proteolytic enzymes and other biologically active secondary metabolites, particularly - polysaccharides. The activity of these two strains was supplementary. For the species identification of these strains, sequences of 16S rRNA genes and fatty acid content of cell walls were analysed. It was found that the both strains belong to B. velezensis. Limitations of application of 16S rRNA sequences for identification of closely related species are discussed in the paper. A method of 16S rRNA sequence profiling by polymorphic nucleotides was proposed. It was also shown that usefulness of Bacillus strains in probiotics is mostly based on their unique strain specific properties rather than on general species characteristics.
Lithostar Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Siemens Lithostar lithotriptor was used to treat 20 children (4 to 17 years old) with renal or ureteral calculi. Two patients had bilateral renal and 2 had ureteral calculi. Of 34 calculi treated 47% were in the renal pelvis, 29% in the lower calix, 12% in the upper calix, 3% in the middle calix and 9% in the upper ureter. Stone size ranged from 2 X 2 to 40 X 20 mm. and averaged 10 X 7 mm. Of the children 60% were treated while they were under neuroleptic anesthesia. No major complications were encountered. The 3-month rate free of stones after 1 treatment was 60% and increased to 80% with multiple treatments. The success rate, defined as being either free of stones or with residual fragments equal to or less than 4 mm. in diameter, was 95%. We conclude that lithotripsy with the Lithostar device in children, at least for the short term, is safe and effective.
Salisbury screen absorbers using epsilon-near-zero substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As a planar resonant structure, Salisbury screen offers a cost-effective way of manipulating electromagnetic waves for both fundamental studies and practical applications in optoelectronics. In this paper, we demonstrate Salisbury screen absorbers using epsilon-near-zero substrate, which reduces the spacer thickness below typical one quarter wavelength limit. Three-layered thin-film absorbers made of SiC substrate, ZnSe spacer layer and top NiCr film are designed and fabricated, which exhibit near-perfect absorption at 11.72 μ m with spacer thickness of about half of a quarter-wavelength. For ideal zero-index material without optical loss, our proposed thin-film absorber simplifies to a two-layered structure even without the spacer layer in theory. These results suggest that epsilon-near-zero materials provide an alternative approach in developing compact planar absorbing structures without involving lithographic patterning.
The Effects of Sampling Model on Inference with Coefficient Alpha

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The distinction between Type I and Type 12 sampling in connection with measurement data is discussed, and a method is presented for simulating data arising from Type 12 sampling. Next, an empirical study is described in which the perfornance of inferential procedures for coefficient alpha was examined when these procedures were applied with data arising from both kinds of sampling. The results indicate that as long as the data are drawn from a population exhibiting strict essential parallelism among the conditions (an assumption underlying the procedures), the methods maintain precise confidence level control under Type 12 sampling. For data departing from essential parallelism, however, these procedures are not robust under Type 12 sampling. In contrast, actual confidence coefficient values were close to nominal levels under Type I sampling. Implications are noted for practice and for future research on inference with coefficient alpha.
Fertilization and cropping systems: performance and oil content of basil varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an aromatic and medicinal crop that produces metabolites rich in chemical constituents for various purposes. The composition of the essential oil is variable due to external factors during production, such as fertilization and the environment, and the oil concentration may vary even among the genotypes of a species. For sweet basil mores studies are needed to clarify understanding about the biomass and essential oil yield and nutrient management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass and essential oil yield of basil varieties with organo-mineral fertilizer under different agricultural systems. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (DBC), with three replications, in a 2X4 factorial scheme, with two varieties (Maria Bonita and Genovese) and four fertilizations (50 and 100% organo-mineral, one mineral source and one organic source). Two areas were carried out simultaneously (greenhouse and field) to evaluate plant height, fresh biomass, essential oil content, yield and chemical composition. Results indicate that Genovese showed superior height and biomass yield when mineral or organic fertilizer was used at the greenhouse. Organo-mineral and organic fertilizers provided significantly better results of biomass yield in both varieties at field cultivation. The oil content was higher in the field, reflecting higher oil yields in field treatments in comparison to greenhouse. We concluded that the environment of cultivation and the way fertilizer sources release the nutrients can be determinan factors in the performance of basil plants; without protected cultivation, the content of essential oil is higher and the organo-mineral fertilizer can provide better nutrient supply to the plants mainly during rainy season.
On the Correlation Between Floating Wind Turbine Accelerations, Rotor and Tower Loads

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Research in floating wind turbine resulted in the publication of a number of studies comparing wind turbine loads on a variety of floaters and fixed foundations. Some of them concluded that the blade and drivetrain loads would only be marginally increased -if increased at all — when a turbine would be installed on a floater [1] [2] and [3]. This paper proposes to evaluate how rotor and tower loads are correlated to nacelle acceleration, wind and wave conditions. It can somehow be considered as an extension to a barge-type floater and onsite measurements, of published work applied to fixed offshore wind turbines [4] and a spar-type floating wind turbine [5]. The body of data used for this exercise includes results from full-scale prototype measurements and simulations for a variety of turbine ratings. It can be concluded that in power production cases, blade and main shaft loads are only weakly correlated to nacelle low frequency accelerations and hence wave conditions, hence aerodynamic loads are still the main driver for rotor and tower top loads. In rotor-idling conditions, the situation is mainly dependent on the wind speed range, but aerodynamics are the largest contributor of blade and main shaft loads in severe wind conditions. These results can help understand where design uncertainties lie in floating wind turbine loads.
Identification and characterisation of chemoreceptors with NIT domains in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>Bacteria move in response to chemical cues to find environments favourable for survival. This behaviour is called chemotaxis and is mediated by arrays of membrane-located chemoreceptors. The sensor domains of the chemoreceptors can be specific for a single chemical or can recognise many different chemicals. Some bacteria are chemotactic to nitrate, which can serve as an electron receptor or source of nitrogen. Recent studies have identified different types of chemoreceptor sensor domain involved in nitrate chemotaxis in different bacteria. In this work, I investigated putative nitrate/nitrite chemoreceptors in the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) NZ-V13.</b></p> <p>I first used a fluorescent reporter screen to survey 39 Psa NZ-V13 chemoreceptors for nitrate and nitrite binding. Two of the chemoreceptors namely IYO_024760 and IYO_028985, showed strong signals to nitrate and nitrite. IYO_028985 had been partially characterised in the past as a nitrate/nitrite sensor. Therefore, I focused on IYO_024760. Structural modelling predicted that this protein contains a NIT (nitrate-nitrite sensing) domain. I purified the sensor domain and tested it for nitrate/nitrite binding using thermal shift assays and isothermal titration calorimetry. Both techniques indicate the sensor domain of IYO_024760 binds nitrate and nitrite, which suggests this chemoreceptor mediates chemotaxis to these two chemicals. I additionally identified that the IYO_024760 chemoreceptor is overrepresented in the pandemic lineage of Psa3 which suggests it could be involved in the virulence of this pathogen. I also investigated the specificity of a predicted NIT-domain containing chemoreceptor that was negative in the fluorescence reporter screen. I purified the sensor domain of IYO_013180, and demonstrated its ability to bind nitrate and nitrite.</p> <p>Finally, I investigated the swimming behaviour of Psa NZ-V13 towards potassium nitrate under different conditions. I initially found a strong response but was later unable to reproduce this phenotype. To probe the role of the three nitrate-binding chemoreceptors in Psa NZ-V13 I deleted all three from its genome and evaluated the mutants for changes in chemotaxis to potassium nitrate. Surprisingly, I detected low chemotaxis to potassium nitrate in all strains comparable to the wildtype. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using chimeras to screen for chemoreceptor binding and characterises two new nitrate binding chemoreceptors from Psa NZ-V13.</p>
The Saturation of Rod Receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract If it is assumed that the excitable tissue immediately associated with a rod receptor may generate impulses when light quanta are absorbed, then it follows that there is an upper limit to the number of impulses generated by each rod of ∼1/τ, where τ is the refractory period of the excitable tissue. Two possible modes of excitation are investigated. In the first, analogous to a Geiger counter of dead time τ, it is assumed that quanta absorbed during the refractory period delay recovery for a further time τ and this leads to a situation in which an increase in stimulus reduces the output of the rod beyond saturation. In the second, where the dead time is not prolonged by absorption during the refractory period, the output approaches asymptotically to the limit of 1/ τ as the stimulus is increased. Psychophysical increment threshold curves cannot distinguish between the two models but it is shown that ERG results in monkey and man can be fitted using the invariant refractory period model if equilibrium bleaching is taken into account.
The Second Law and the Energy Use Mapping for Sustainability Planning

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

City sustainability is an inherently complex process, yet increasingly robust computational tools and digital data are emerging to assist with analysis and planning. Broadly speaking, scholars and urban planners have been developed a large variety of models that can estimate the building energy use aiming the implementation of urban energy reduction strategies and policies. In this paper we propose a brief up-to-date review of the aforementioned models, particularly focussing on spatio-temporal observation. The goal of this paper is to show how to integrate the urban energy use models and the growing attention towards to environmental impact, using Second Law of Thermodynamic for a more rational metric of city sustainability.
Type beta transforming growth factor controls the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3 fibroblasts.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Differentiating mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have been used as a model system to study the ability of type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) to modulate cell development. We find that TGF-beta inhibits potently (ID50 approximately equal to 25 pM) the adipogenic conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Inhibition is observed only when cells are exposed to TGF-beta before they become committed to differentiation. Even a transient (4 hr) exposure to TGF-beta immediately before the commitment point is sufficient to prevent differentiation. This point coincides with the time point immediately preceding the onset of coordinate expression of differentiation-specific proteins in 3T3-L1 cells. TGF-beta interacts with cell surface receptors in 3T3-L1 cells that have structural and binding properties similar to TGF-beta receptors in other cell types in which TGF-beta acts as a growth activator or a growth inhibitor. However, TGF-beta does not markedly alter differentiation-related mitosis in 3T3-L1 cells. The action of TGF-beta on 3T3-L1 cells does not involve changes in cAMP or prostaglandin E levels. These results suggest that TGF-beta is a unique modulator of adipogenic differentiation of fibroblasts.