jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Perturbation Correction Factor &lt;i&gt;p&lt;sub&gt;cav&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; of the Markus Parallel-Plate Ion Chamber in Clinical Electron Beams

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: All present dosimetry protocols recommend well-guarded parallelplate ion chambers for electron dosimetry. For the guard-less Markus chamber, an energy dependent fluence perturbation correction pcav is given. This perturbation correction was experimentally determined by van der Plaetsen by comparison of the read-out of a Markus and a NACP chamber, which was assumed to be “perturbation-free”. Aim of the present study is a Monte Carlo based reiteration of this experiment. Methods: Detailed models of four parallel-plate chambers (Roos, Markus, NACP and Advanced Markus) were designed using the Monte Carlo code EGSnrc and placed in a water phantom. For all chambers, the dose to the active volume filled with low density water was calculated for 13 clinical electron spectra (E0 = 6 - 21 MeV) and three energies of an Electra linear accelerator at the depth of maximum and at the reference depth under reference conditions. In all cases, the chamber’s reference point was positioned at the depth of measurement. Moreover, the dose to water DW was calculated in a small water voxel positioned at the same depth. Results: The calculated dose ratio DNACP/DMarkus, which according to van der Plaetsen reflects the fluence perturbation correction of the Markus chamber, deviates less from unity than the values given by van der Plaetsen, but exhibits similar energy dependence. The same holds for the dose ratios of the other well-guarded chambers. But, in comparison to water, the Markus chamber reveals the smallest overall perturbation correction which is nearly energy independent at both investigated depths. Conclusion: The simulations principally confirm the energy dependence of the dose ratio DNACP/DMarkus as published by van der Plaetsen. But, as shown by our simulations of the ratio DW/DMarkus, the conclusion drawn in all dosimetry protocols is questionable: in contrast to all well-guarded chambers, the guard-less Markus chamber reveals the smallest overall perturbation correction and also the smallest energy dependence.
Acid-catalyzed Reactions of Nitriles. I. The Reaction of Nitriles with Formaldehyde1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-catalyzed Reactions of Nitriles. I. The Reaction of Nitriles with Formaldehyde1Eugene E. Magat, Burt F. Faris, John E. Reith, and L. Frank SalisburyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1028–1031Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1108Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Bryophyte Flora of the Village of Almásfüzitő, a Former Industrial Settlement in NW-Hungary

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present work was the evaluation of the bryophyte flora diversity of the Hungarian village Almásfüzitő and the adjacent industrial zone. The investigated area was divided into 6 sections depending on the human influence. Altogether 82 taxa (3 liverworts and 79 mosses) were recorded. The low proportion of liverwort species could be primarily explained by the moderately dry climate of the region, and by the fact that the village of Almásfüzitő does not have any historical districts, and old buildings, thus the proportion of new artificial surfaces is relatively high. The bryophyte flora of Almásfüzitő shows the greatest similarity with that of nearby Middle-European metropolises (Linz, Bratislava and Vienna), which was primarily explained by the presence of common and frequent species.
Approaches for commissioning time reduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

States that manufacturing lines cannot be used for production during commissioning and that it is therefore always the goal to reduce the necessary efforts to a maximum extent. Starts with a description of the state‐of‐the‐art in this field based on the situation in the automotive industry. Additionally lists RTD fields to overcome these problems. Goes on to present methods and software tools aiming at a tremendous decrease in efforts required today.
How to Master dental clinic in Tirunelveli in 6 Simple Steps

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The Importance of Dental Health It is not only your teeth that need good dental care, but your overall health is also affected by your oral health. Healthy bacteria in the mouth reduce the risk of infection, thereby freeing up your immune system to fight other diseases and infections. People with poor oral health have a higher mortality rate, and their immune systems are weaker than those of young adults. There are several ways to boost your immune system, including staying hydrated, eating healthy foods, and exercising. For example, periodontal disease can destroy the bone that supports the teeth. This bone loss can cause numerous complications, such as heart attack or diabetes. Likewise, tooth abscesses can spread to other parts of the body, leading to infections and sepsis. Thus, good oral health is important in children, pregnant women, and older adults. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, it is recommended that children begin dental care at their first birthday. Visiting a dentist regularly can help detect oral cancer early on. Most people have no symptoms of oral cancer, but dentists have the training and tools to detect these lesions. Detecting oral cancer in its early stages is the best way to increase your chance of surviving the disease. Although only about 50 percent of people are diagnosed with the disease, catching it early is crucial for its cure. So, visit your dentist today! Gum disease is often a symptom of other health problems. It can cause cardiovascular problems and irritable bowel syndrome. It can also affect your reproductive system, so it is important to have regular dental checkups. In addition to checking your teeth, dentists also check for underlying problems. If you have gum disease, you run a higher risk of having a child with low birth weight or even a preterm delivery. Regular dental checkups are crucial in preventing tooth decay. Brushing your teeth for at least two minutes twice a day and flossing daily is essential for good dental health. However, your diet also plays an important role in keeping your oral health. Try to limit your sugar intake, avoid excessive alcohol and stop smoking. This will help you to keep your teeth healthy for a longer period of time. By following these tips, you will be well on your way to a healthier and more confident smile! In addition to oral health, the state of your mouth directly affects your overall health. It can be dangerous to ignore your dental health, as this could worsen any other health condition you may already have. In fact, one-third of American adults did not visit a dentist in the past year. This shows that Americans are often putting off visiting the dentist because they are afraid of the cost. You should not make this mistake. By taking care of your teeth, you'll be saving yourself money, time, and even life.
Agrobiological and oenological features of the Cabernet Cortis variety in the conditions of the Nizhnee Pridonye region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article presents the variety study of the red technical grape Cabernet Cortis variety bred in Germany. The study was carried out in 2020-2024 at Ya. I. Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia). The vineyards are non-covered, non-irrigated, grafted, rootstock Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB, fan-type formation on the trunks, planting scheme 3.0×1.5 m. The ampelographic, morphological, and agrobiological characteristics of the Cabernet Cortis variety were analyzed, as well as its oenological features compared with the parental Cabernet Sauvignon variety. In terms of morphological characteristics, the early-medium ripening period (127 days, eff ective heat summation 2037˚C) of the Cabernet Cortis variety was considered to be suitable for cultivation in regions with limited thermal resources; its higher sugar content (231–250 g/dm³) with optimal titratable acidity (6.5-8.9 g/dm³) makes it promising for the production of balanced wine materials. Meanwhile, the Cabernet Sauvignon variety has a longer growth season (154 days, EHS 2653˚C), lower sugar content (207–239 g/dm³), and higher acidity (6.8-9.8 g/dm³), related to its late ripening period. In contrast to the control variety, the Cabernet Cortis variety features increased resistance to phytopathogens at the level of 2.0-2.5 points, which reduces the need to use pesticides, thus making this variety suitable for organic viticulture. Organoleptic evaluation of the wines revealed that young wines from the Cabernet Cortis variety have a bright aroma and balanced taste, whereas wines from the control variety diff er in more complex aroma and taste characteristics after aging. Thus, Cabernet Cortis is of considerable interest for regions with temperate continental climate due to its early ripening, high disease resistance, and ability to produce quality wine materials. The study results emphasize the importance of agroecological conditions to optimize the cultivation of grape varieties.
Processing of magnetic properties of nearly-zero magnetostrictive glass coated microwires by current annealing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we have studied the influence of heat treatment performed by current annealing technique on the low field magnetic properties of nearly non-magnetostrictive glass coated amorphous Co/sub 55.7/Fe/sub 5.9/Ni/sub 9.9/B/sub 17.7/Si/sub 10.8/ and Co/sub 68.5/Mn/sub 6.5/Si/sub 10/B/sub 15/ microwires.
ECO-INNOVATION PATHS: CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Eco-innovations comprise new or modified processes, techniques, practices, systems and products allowing environmental harms to be avoided or reduced. They are employed in order for specific social and environmental objectives to be achieved, hence their environmental, social, and institutional significance relating to the achievement of long-term sustainable growth patterns. As a consequence, eco-innovation has great amount of focus from many countries. Adding to the current literature which focuses mainly on the drivers and effects of eco-innovation in the context of developed and developing countries, this paper tries to find an answer to the question about the absolute β-convergence of eco-innovation. We also consider the spillover effects in the analyses. Our sample consists of 38 countries and relates to the years 2012−2017. We apply the spatial panel models to verify the research hypotheses. The results confirm that there is the absolute β-convergence in the sample countries. Moreover, we find evidence of positive spillovers of eco-innovation.
Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in complicated appendicitis in children: a single center study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Acute complicated appendicitis is a common abdominal emergency in children. Unlike simple appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy has not been considered yet the first choice in management of complicated appendicitis. This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Pediatric Surgery Department, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt, during the period from December 2018 to August 2019. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of laparoscopic appendectomy in such cases compared to open appendectomy. Results Sixty patients were included in the study, divided randomly into 2 equal groups: laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups. The mean operative time was significantly longer with laparoscopic appendectomy than open appendectomy, 85 vs. 61 min, respectively ( p < 0.001**). The time taken to start oral intake was significantly shorter with laparoscopic appendectomy than open appendectomy, 1.9 vs. 2.73 days, respectively ( p = 0.025*). The mean hospital stay was significantly lower with laparoscopic appendectomy than open appendectomy, 4.23 vs. 5.13, respectively ( p = 0.044*). There were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding wound infection, occurrence of postoperative ileus, intraperitoneal collection, or readmission. Conclusions Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe, feasible, and effective procedure in the management of complicated appendicitis in children, with no evidence of any increase in the postoperative complications.
Review on the Fundamental Aspects of Petroleum Oil Emulsions and Techniques of Demulsification

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This review is aimed to introduce a comprehensive survey on the most prominent and sustainable techniques and methods that could abate the environmental worries as well as financial insecurities in treating petroleum emulsions, since the existence of water is not desired because of the paramount troubles it may cause on the processing streamlines, as well as financial cost associated with transporting water mixed with petroleum.Currently, the most commonly used method for treating petroleum emulsion is the application of chemical additives, known as demulsifiers.Althogh, there are many other methods that are claimed to be more favorable from economic and environmental perspectives, yet, have not being fully put into real life practice, because of the drawbacks and disadvantages.In this review, several techniques have been surveyed including, chemical, electrical, membrane, centrifuge, bacteria, air floatation, ultrasonic, and microwave.Based on this Theoretical survey, silcone based demulsifiers were reported to be very effective and environmental friendly, but expensive.Also microwave and ultrasonics were reported to be very effective in treating petroleum emulsion and could be recommended as future ulternatives for treating petroleum emulsions.
Culture of Poverty: Lessons from Two Case Studies of Poverty in the Philippines; One Became Rich, the Other One Stayed Poor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes the lives of poverty in the context of a specific culture, the Philippines. The goal of this article is to study what it means to be poor and to understand the cultural factors that contribute to this human experience. Two case studies will be presented; one of a Filipino who was born poor and has become materially successful, and another of a Filipino who was born poor and has stayed poor. Interestingly, the two persons are relatively similar in terms of beginning circumstances, education, gender, religion, and age. The discussion will deal with the processes of living in poverty and getting out of poverty. The results will then be discussed in a broader framework of culture and poverty, and intercultural differences between Philippine poverty and the culture of poverty (Lewis, 1959) will be highlighted.
Leadership Succession and Organizational Performance: Football Coaches and Organizational Issues

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

If the team changes the coach, does the team’s performance change? From the literature on leadership succession and organizational performance, three perspectives have emerged that seek to answer this question: common sense, vicious cycle, and ritual scapegoat. We extend these leadership perspectives by drawing on organizational theory to explain leadership succession and organizational performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division Football Bowl Subdivision football. We develop a model and use the Arellano and Bond (1991) linear dynamic panel data estimator to examine this relationship from the 1950–1951 season to the 2008–2009 season. Our results show that organizational performance decreases initially following a leadership change. However, as a coach’s tenure increases at the university, organizational performance improves. This offers some support for vicious cycle theory and suggests that sport managers should do a better job of managing performance expectations following a coaching change as our results show that coaching changes lead to a drop in performance.
Motorized minitrack for exercising large animals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A simply constructed device for exercise training large animals, e.g., swine, is described. Basically the device is a small, circular, enclosed track constructed of plywood and metal fence material. A centrally located, vertical shaft powered by a DC motor rotates at a variable speed. Attached to each of four horizontal metal beams extending from the shaft are four suspended partitions which hang freely above the enclosed track surface. As the shaft rotates, the four partitions move in unison, thus forcing animals in each compartment to move at the same pace. The advantages of this device are its cost, low maintenance, and the flexibility to train eight animals by one person. Preliminary results of a study on training pigs are discussed.
Role of phosphatidic acid in signal transduction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phosphatidic acid as a key intermediate in lipid biosynthesis was implicated in the regulation of signaling pathways in recent years.The regulation of Akt/mTOR and ras/raf/Erk through PA has received more attention from investigators in oncology.The effect of the PA-producing enzymes on survival signals in cells was reported in many papers.In this review,the evidence that PA is implicated in the regulation of signaling pathways is summarized.
An analysis of the current conditions and future educational prospects of refugee children in South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Along with the legislation and implementation of the refugee law in South Korea, the goal of this research is to investigate the refugee children’s current living conditions and to suggest educational plans to meet the needs of these refugee children and Korean society. For this purpose, a qualitative case study was conducted in accordance with grounded theory for the collection and analysis of related literature as well as interviews with 12 stakeholders on the education of refugee children. After analyzing the data, an interactive process about the refugee children’s living conditions and educational plans was found. Based on the results, a theoretical paradigm model consisting of causal conditions, phenomena generated by these causal conditions, strategies established to solve these phenomena, intervening conditions, action strategies, and consequences was constructed. This paradigm model contains 16 categories: beginning of refugee life, a sense of loss, living in the moment, physical and mental distress, lack of awareness, absence of related policies, responses to uncomfortable surroundings, yearning for other people, educational approach, social support, elusion, searching for positiveness, psychological resettlement, establishing a bridge between the present and the future, adaptation and coexistence, and maladaptation scenario. According to the results, the core category was drawn as “From a life of living in the moment to a life of adjustment and coexistence through the discovery of hopeful being.” Lastly, individual, school, and institutional implications were stated.
Conformational Analysis of Benzyloxycarbonyl-Protected Peptides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The benzyloxycarbonyl (Z-) residue, an important protecting group in peptide synthesis, was introduced into the input data set of the “Empirical Conformational Energy Program for Peptides” (ECEPP) developed by Scheraga and coworkers. With additional modifications ECEPP is now prepared for conformational analysis of peptides containing this amino end group. Preferred conformations of the Z-residue were studied by performing calculations on Z-Gly methylamide. The results obtained may be applied to the conformational analysis of Z-protected peptides.
Research progress on mechanisms and predictive biomarkers for immune-related adverse events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in patients with malignant tumors. While ICIs significantly improve the prognosis of cancer patients, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) also occur. It is currently believed that the occurrence of irAEs correlates with alterations in the body's autoimmune system function, including over-activation of the immune system and breakdown of autoimmune tolerance. The mechanisms involve direct activation of T cells, secondary B-cell defects or autoantibodies production, ectopic antigen or antigenic epitope spread, and genetic susceptibility. Understanding the mechanisms of these toxic reactions and clearing predictive biomarkers will limit their occurrence, improving the prognosis of cancer patients treated with ICIs and giving early intervention to reduce the risk and damage associated with their occurrence. This review will systematically list possible mechanisms for the occurrence of irAEs and promising predictive biomarkers, and summarize approaches for early intervention and treatment, suggesting possible future directions for follow-up research and clinical applications of irAEs.
A Novel <em>In Vitro</em> Wound Healing Assay to Evaluate Cell Migration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work is to show a novel method to evaluate the ability of some immunomodulatory molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to stimulate cell migration. Importantly, cell migration is a rate-limiting event during the wound-healing process to re-establish the integrity and normal function of tissue layers after injury. The advantage of this method over the classical assay, which is based on a manually made scratch in a cell monolayer, is the usage of special silicone culture inserts providing two compartments to create a cell-free pseudo-wound field with a well-defined width (500 μm). In addition, due to an automated image analysis platform, it is possible to rapidly obtain quantitative data on the speed of wound closure and cell migration. More precisely, the effect of two frog-skin AMPs on the migration of bronchial epithelial cells will be shown. Furthermore, pretreatment of these cells with specific inhibitors will provide information on the molecular mechanisms underlying such events.