jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Non-operative Treatment Of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear Using Platelet Rich Plasma Injection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears are a common injury that softball players are pre-disposed to. Traditionally, athletes undergo Tommy John reconstruction of the UCL to repair the damaged ligament. Research has shown the ability of an athlete to return to competition at the same level, as prior to injury. History/Physical Examination: An 18 year old female softball player presented in pre-participation screenings at the University of South Carolina, with symptoms consistent with UCL pathology. Differential Diagnosis/Test and RESULTS: Following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm suspected pathology, the athlete, physician and athletic trainer conferred on course of treatment. A platelet rich plasma injection was decided upon as intervention. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: A 3 ml ultrasound guided PRP injection was prepared via centrifuge and injected by a physician specializing in injections that day. A diagnostic ultrasound guided injection was completed in the mid-substance anterior bundle of the UCL. The athlete had 1 week of rest following the injection before beginning rehabilitative treatment, as suggested by the University of Wisconsin published rehabilitation guidelines post PRP injection. From October to January the athlete took part in rehabilitative treatment. The team athletic trainer used a modified elbow hyperextension taping procedure, in order to reduce pain in the affected arm during sport specific activity. The herring bone pattern over the UCL was utilized with a proximal anchor and a distal anchor to reduce the amount of valgus stress on the elbow. After consulting with a bracing company, a custom valgus prevention brace was made in order to replace the need for daily taping of the athletes elbow. The athlete was able to utilize the brace, as well as rehabilitative exercise to reduce her symptoms, and participate in high level athletics. CONCLUSION: The use of PRP injection, in conjunction with bracing could be a potential non-operative treatment for partial UCL tears of the elbow, suggested by the findings of this case.
Is strict finitism arbitrary?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Strict finitism posits a largest natural number. The view is usually thought to be objectionably arbitrary. After all, there seems to be no apparent reason as to why the natural numbers should ‘stop’ at a specific point and not a bit later on the natural line. Drawing on how arguments from arbitrariness are employed in mereology, I propose several ways of understanding this objection against strict finitism. No matter how it is understood, I argue that it is always found wanting.
Clinical Spectrum of Monoclonal Protein and the Factors Associated with Lymphoplasmacytic Malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Monoclonal protein (MP) presents in various monoclonal gammopathies, ranging from benign conditions such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to life-threatening conditions such as lymphoplasmacytic malignancies (LPMs), which include multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Few studies have comprehensively assessed the clinical spectrum of MP and its factors associated with LPMs. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum of MP and identify factors associated with LPMs. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were first tested for capillary electrophoresis (CEP) and identified as having MP between 2014 and 2023 at two university hospitals. Univariate (crude) and multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with LPMs. Results: Among the 1135 included patients with MP, 744 (65.6%) were diagnosed with LPMs and 391 (34.4%) with MGUS. Among the 391 patients with MGUS, 310 (79.3%) had at least 1 clinical association, including 204 with renal diseases, 35 with autoimmune diseases, 33 with chronic liver diseases, 22 with hematologic diseases, and 96 with other conditions. Multivariate analyses indicated that LPMs were associated with female sex (OR = 2.08), lower age (OR = 0.95), higher MP level (OR = 3.53), an abnormal FLC ratio (OR = 6.15), lower hemoglobin level (OR = 0.82), and higher total calcium level (OR = 1.81) (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides insight into the distribution of MPs and their clinical association with MGUS and identifies factors related to LPM. These can help clinicians manage patients more effectively in the early stages of these conditions.
On the Nature of the Unique Hα‐emitting T Dwarf 2MASS J12373919+6526148

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explore and discount the hypothesis that the strong, continual H$\alpha$-emitting T dwarf 2MASS J12373919+6526148 can be explained as a young, low gravity, very low mass brown dwarf. The source is already known to have a marginally-fainter absolute magnitude than similar T dwarfs with trigonometric parallax measurements, and has a tangential velocity consistent with old disk kinematics. Applying the technique of Burgasser, Burrows & Kirkpatrick on new near infrared spectroscopy for this source, estimates of its {\teff}, $\log{g}$ and metallicity ([M/H]) are obtained. 2M 1237+6526 has a {\teff} $\approx$ 800-850 K. If [M/H] is solar, $\log{g}$ is as high as $\sim$5.5 (cgs) and this source is older than 10 Gyr. We find a more plausible scenario to be a modestly subsolar metallicity ([M/H] = -0.2) and moderate $\log{g}$ $\sim$ 5.0, implying an age older than 2 Gyr and a mass greater than 0.035 M$_{\sun}$. The alternative explanation of the unique emission of this source, involving an interacting, close, double degenerate system, should be investigated further. Indeed, there is some evidence of a {\teff} $<$ 500 K companion to 2M 1237+6526 on the basis of a possible $Spitzer IRAC$ [3.6]--[4.5] color excess. This excess may, however, be caused by a subsolar metallicity.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Beer Ageing.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ModelovĂŠ pokusy oxidace fenylalaninu v roztoku kyseliny askorbovĂŠ prokĂĄzaly, Ĺže k ĂşÄinnĂŠ oxidaci je zapotĹebĂ­ kyslĂ­k a aktivĂĄtor, napĹ. Cu2+. Tento mechanismus mĹŻĹže vysvÄtlit tvorbu tÄkavĂ˝ch aldehydĹŻ z aminokyselin pĹi stĂĄrnutĂ­ piva za pĹĂ­stupu vzduchu. PĹi nedostatku kyslĂ­ku se aldehydy tvoĹĂ­ jen vmalĂŠ mĂ­Ĺe. ĂÄast kyslĂ­ku za pĹĂ­tomnosti aktivĂĄtorĹŻ pĹi stĂĄrnutĂ­ piva potvrdila i reoxidace leukoformy methylenovĂŠ modĹi, pĹipravenĂŠ redukcĂ­ methylenovĂŠ modĹi kyselinou askorbovou po ozĂĄĹenĂ­ viditelnĂ˝m svÄtlem. Na stejnĂŠm principu se prokĂĄzala pĹĂ­tomnost rĹŻznĂ˝ch aktivĂĄtorĹŻ reoxidace v pivu, mladinÄ, jableÄnĂŠ ĹĄĹĽĂĄvÄ i aktivnĂ­ ĂşÄast dusitanu sodnĂŠho nebo methylovĂŠ Äerveni pĹi vzduĹĄnĂŠ reoxidaci leukoformy methylenovĂŠ modĹi. VzduĹĄnĂ˝ kyslĂ­k naopak inhiboval degradaci methylovĂŠ ÄervenÄ v roztoku kyseliny askorbovĂŠ, coĹž je pĹĂ­klad degradace barviva za anaerobnĂ­ch podmĂ­nek.UvĂĄdÄjĂ­ se pĹĂ­klady kladnĂŠho i negativnĂ­ho pĹŻsobenĂ­ reduktonĹŻ pĹi vĂ˝robÄ piva i vĂ˝znamnĂĄ Ăşloha barviv piva pĹi jeho stĂĄrnutĂ­.
Monolithic Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting: for low frequency and wide bandwidth operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy harvesting is the process by which energy is derived from environmental vibrations in order to power local electronic systems . The technology gets rid of the need for electrical wires or batteries in a wide range of sensor and communication networks. This work tackles the three most challenging aspects in the field of vibration energy harvesting on the topics of operation, fabrication and performance. First of all a novel concept for a system that operates with a wide bandwidth at low frequencies below 20 Hz is presented. Secondly, a smart integrated electrode pattern is proposed to create a robust and monolithic transducer that is suitable for large scale fabrication. Finally, an optimization algorithm has been developed that utilizes the concept of stress homogenization in a new methodology to obtain maximum power output.
Quantum Chemistry in Drug Design: Density Function Theory (DFT) and Other Quantum Mechanics (QM)-related Approaches

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Drug design and development are expensive and time-consuming processes, which in many cases result in failures during the clinical investigation steps. In order to increase the chances to obtain potential drug candidates, several in silico approaches have emerged in the last years, most of them based on molecular or quantum mechanics theories. These computational strategies have been developed to treat a large dataset of chemical information associated with drug candidates. In this context, quantum chemistry is highlighted since it is based on the Schrödinger equation with mathematic solutions, especially the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Among the Hartree-Fock-based methods, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) of HohenbergKohn represents an interesting and powerful tool to obtain accurate results for electronic properties of molecules or even solids, which in many cases are corroborated by experimental data. Additionally, DFT-related methods exhibit a moderate time-consuming cost when compared to other ab initio methods. In this chapter, we provide a deep overview focused on the formalism behind DFT, including historical aspects of its development and improvements. Moreover, different examples of the application of DFT in studies involving GABA inhibitors, or catalytic mechanisms of enzymes, such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, and different proteases associated impacting diseases, such as malaria, Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, and others. Moreover, the role of metal ions in catalytic enzymatic mechanisms is also covered, discussing iron-, copper-, and nickel-catalyzed processes. Finally, this chapter comprises several aspects associated with the elucidation of catalytic mechanisms of inhibition, which could be used to develop new potential pharmacological agents.
Design and Application of A Bioluminescent Biosensor for Detection Of Toxicity Using Huh7-CMV-Luc Cell Line.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) are becoming important tools for biosecurity a lications and rapid diagnostics in food microbiology for their unique capability of detecting hazardous materials. Pollutants, such as heavy metals and chemicals, are now considered as a global threat and are associated with detrimental health outcomes. Fast and accurate detection of pollutants is essential to reduce these threats. In this study, the enhancer sequence of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) IE genes cloned upstream of luc gene in PGL4.26 plasmid, in order to increase basal luciferase activity. This recombinant vector was transfected into Huh7 cell line and after 21 days of treatment with Hygromycin B selectable marker, stable cell line was generated. After several passages, cells containing this vector showed high luciferase activity in normal conditions without any induction following to overexpression of luc gene. Huh7-CMV-luc cell line was able to detect the slightest changes in ATP level, due to the effect of different toxins on the cell which disrupt cellular respiration and ATP production processes. In order to investigate the sensitivity of the cell line, the cells were incubated with 0.1-10 μM of chemical toxins affecting ATP production. These toxins affect luciferase activity in a dose dependent manner, with maximal sensitivity approximately about 0.2 μM to toxin concentrations. Additionally, this biosensor provided a rapid detection as early as 4 h in response to the toxicants. Whole cell biosensors like huh7-CMV-luc cell line can be considered as a powerful tool for the sensitive and efficient monitoring of general toxins, drugs, and environmental pollutants.
Wound Healing of Autologous Implants in the Nasal Septal Cartilage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cartilaginous nasal septum of the child is often involved in trauma or congenital deformation. In perspective of its role in postnatal growth of the midface, the wound healing of septal cartilage in reaction to various surgical procedures was studied in young rabbits. It was concluded that (1) elevation of mucoperichondrium does not induce significant histologic reactions in the septal cartilage and (2) the wound reaction of cut edges includes only a ± 0.8-mm-deep zone and lasts no longer than 2 weeks, resulting in a stump, encapsulated by fibrous tissue. Reconnection of separated parts occurs 2 weeks after surgery, mostly by merging of the perichondrial layers. Reimplantation of resected cartilage does not lead to normalisation of septal growth. This is not caused by extensive necrosis, loss of morphological organisation or decreased growth potential of the reimplanted cartilage. The essential factor seems to be dislocation (duplication, angulation) of the implant versus the non-mobilised parts of the septum preventing the growth of the implant to contribute fully to the lengthening of the total septum.
Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined how Nigerians understood fake news. It took a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with 30 journalists to determine their understanding of fake news and explore how media literacy can help combat fake news. The sample was purportedly drawn from Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones to ensure representativeness. Gatekeeping Theory and Public Sphere Theory were used to better understand how journalists use their professional role of vetting information and releasing only credible information to the public. The analyzed data show that social networks facilitate the spread of false news more than mainstream media. The findings also show that fake news spreads due to factors such as time constraints, clickbait, user-generated content, and competitiveness.
Which is which? Identification of the two compact objects in gravitational-wave binaries

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Compact objects observed in gravitational-wave astronomy so far always come in pairs and never individually. Identifying the two components of a binary system is a delicate operation that is often taken for granted. The labeling procedure (i.e., which is object "1" and which is object "2") effectively acts as systematics, or, equivalently an unspecified prior, in gravitational-wave data inference. The common approach is to label the objects solely by their masses, on a sample-by-sample basis. We show that object identification can instead be tackled using the posterior distribution as a whole. We frame the problem in terms of constrained clustering -- a flavor of semi-supervised machine learning -- and find that unfolding the labeling systematics can significantly impact, and arguably improve, our interpretation of the data. In particular, the precision of black-hole spin measurements improves by up to 50%, multimodalities and tails tend to disappear, posteriors become closer to Gaussian distributions, and the identification of the nature of the object (i.e. black hole vs. neutron star) is facilitated. We estimate that about 10% of the LIGO/Virgo posterior samples are affected by this relabeling, i.e. they might have been attributed to the other compact object in the observed binaries.
Projections of the high-school graduate in Daegu·Gyoungbook

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

저출산으로 인한 학생수의 감소는 교육 행정 정책에 있어서 매우 많은 변화들을 예고하고 있다. 본 연구는 2032년까지 정확한 학생 (인구) 수를 예측하기 위하여 연령 진급률 혹은 학년 진급률을 이용한 학생 (인구) 수를 추계하는 방법을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 비례법을 이용한 이동평균비례법과 가중비례이동평균법이 인구추계의 방법으로 제시되었다. 제시된 방법들의 측정오차들에 대한 평균과 표준편차들을 모의실험을 통하여 구하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 가중비례이동평균법과 이동평균비례법의 예측결과들은 낮게 추정되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 이를 보완하여 대구 경북 지역의 고등학교 3학년 학생수를 추계하였다. Reduction in the number of students due to the low birth rate has notice very many changes in the national education policies. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for estimation of the number of students (the population) by age or grade promotion rate of progression rate to estimate the exact number of students (the population) by 2032. It was suggested the nth moving average proportional method and the weighted proportional moving average method as the method of population projections. It presents the means and standard deviations of the measurement errors of the suggested methods by Monte Carlo simulation. Measured in this study are predicted result was a phenomenon is estimated lower than the actual value.
Bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: a study of cardiovascular effects.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Blood pressure and pulse rate were studied in 20 Parkinsonian patients on no treatment, and during treatment with bromocriptine (mean dosage 148 mg/day) as the sole anti-Parkinsonian therapy. The drug was shown to reduce erect systolic and diastolic and supine systolic blood pressure and to increase erect pulse rate, in a predictable dose-dependent manner. The occurrence of episodes of significant postural hypotension was less predictable and was a transitory phenomenon in all patients. Peripheral dopamine receptor blockade with domperidone did not alter the findings, suggesting that the principal mechanism for these cardiovascular effects is a central dopaminergic one.
Permutation Enhanced Parallel Reconstruction with A Linear Compressive Sampling Device

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, a permutation enhanced parallel reconstruction architecture for compressive sampling is proposed. In this architecture, a measurement matrix is constructed from a block-diagonal sensing matrix and the sparsifying basis of the target signal. In this way, the projection of the signal onto the sparsifying basis can be divided into several segments and all segments can be reconstructed in parallel. Thus, the computational complexity and the time for reconstruction can be reduced significantly. This feature is especially appealing for big data processing. Furthermore, to reduce the number of measurements needed to achieve the desired reconstruction error performance, permutation is introduced for the projection of the signal. It is shown that the permutation can be performed implicitly by using a pre-designed measurement matrix. Thus, the permutation enhanced parallel reconstruction can be achieved with a linear compressive sampling device.
Calculating the misspecification in beta from using a proxy for the market portfolio

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the effects of the market portfolio being unknown on the estimation of beta in the CAPM. Providing an analysis of the impact of using a proxy for the market portfolio when the market portfolio is known. This allows one to ask and answer 'if what' questions, such as if portfolio A is the true market portfolio, what happens to beta if one uses portfolio B as a proxy for A. It is shown that for a given universe of investible assets, frequently used equally weighted and value weighted portfolios are far from the Markowitz market portfolio and thus the betas calculated with the equally weighted and value weighted portfolios are quite different from those obtained with the Markowitz portfolio. These calculations are based on sequential assumptions that one portfolio is a proxy whilst another is the actual market.
[Lethality in postoperative thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery and methods of its therapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of the 350 patients who died in 1978-1988 from pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in 3 clinics of Ivano-Frankovsk, the surgical patients accounted for 36% (51.6% of them--at the age of 60 years and older). The likelihood of the PTE development is the highest during the first week after the operation performed, as a rule, for a malignant tumour of the alimentary organs, vascular diseases, and after prostatectomy.
Convergent approximation of non-continuous surfaces of prescribed Gaussian curvature

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the numerical approximation of surfaces of prescribed Gaussian curvature via the solution of a fully nonlinear partial differential equation of Monge-Ampère type. These surfaces need not be continuous up to the boundary of the domain and the Dirichlet boundary condition must be interpreted in a weak sense. As a consequence, sub-solutions do not always lie below super-solutions, standard comparison principles fail, and existing convergence theorems break down. By relying on a geometric interpretation of weak solutions, we prove a relaxed comparison principle that applies only in the interior of the domain. We provide a general framework for proving existence and stability results for consistent, monotone finite difference approximations and modify the Barles-Souganidis convergence framework to show convergence in the interior of the domain. We describe a convergent scheme for the prescribed Gaussian curvature equation and present several challenging examples to validate these results.
Browser-based demonstration of blockchain distributed ledger

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain applications have expanded its influence beyond the field of cryptocurrencies into many other different areas of focus. Many industries have incorporated Blockchain technology into their business model to take advantage of the benefits of having a decentralised, immutable and transparent application. Though many people have heard of the term "Blockchain", there are still a handful of people uncertain of how Blockchain technology functions. Learning institution is identified as one of the leading areas where integration of beginner and intermediate Blockchain courses into the school curriculum have started. Hence, this report examines the different alternatives for interactive learning opportunities using Blockchain technology to educate the students on extensive Blockchain information. It will assists individuals to discover the fundamentals understanding of Blockchain information and develop their interest in it. The application, Cryptochain is developed in this project, which targets to enhance the learning of Blockchain information through the use of better visualization and interactive in class. This in return will reduce the time required for students to understand the fundamentals and provide the educator with additional time to focus on the more intermediate or advanced topics.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ENHANCING MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AMONG ADOLESCENTS: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of physical education (PE) on adolescent mental health and well-being, focusing on how varying levels of physical activity influence mental health outcomes. The research employs a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews and observations. Findings reveal that higher physical activity levels are associated with significantly lower General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores, indicating reduced anxiety and depression, respectively. Additionally, students with higher physical activity levels reported higher self-esteem. Qualitative data highlight that activities promoting teamwork and social interaction in PE contribute to improved mental health. The study underscores the importance of diverse and engaging PE programs in fostering adolescent mental well-being and offers recommendations for enhancing PE curricula to better support mental health. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the study and reliance on self-reported data. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and diverse populations.