jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Balancing the Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA Superbug

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with intermediate resistance to Vancomycin (VISA) is reported worldwide. These strains frequently emerge among hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA and rarely within community-acquired (CA)-MRSA. Here, the genomic and transcriptomic adaptations distinguishing VISA daptomycin resistant (DAP-R) CA-MRSA, which emerged in a hospitalized patient under glycopeptide treatment, were explored. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing, RNA-Seq and bioinformatics were carried out. Results: Our CA-MRSA clustered in the USA400 lineage showing additional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) versus DAP and glycopeptides. Resistomics revealed adaptations related to glycopeptide, daptomycin and rifampin resistance (mprF nsSNPS and overexpression of glycopeptide and daptomycin-resistance related genes). Similar changes were detected in virulence traits (agrA HI-nsSNPs and toxin gene underexpression), in which a decrease was observed despite the abundance of virulence-related genes. Our results predicted a balance in adaptations, decreasing the virulence and biological costs to support the co-occurrence of extensive AMR in a hypervirulent genomic background. Conclusion: Our data show that VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA shifts the potential hypervirulent behavior of CA-MRSA towards the acquisition and maintenance of extensive AMR, by a decrease in virulence and biological costs mediated by a “compensatory modulatory mutation” silencing the Agr quorum-sensing cascade.
Genetic factors for differentiated thyroid cancer in French Polynesia: new candidate loci

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Populations of French Polynesia (FP), where France performed atmospheric tests between 1966 and 1974, experience a high incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, up to now, no sufficiently large study of DTC genetic factors in this population has been performed to reach definitive conclusion. This research aimed to analyze the genetic factors of DTC risk among the native FP populations. Methods We analyzed more than 300 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 283 DTC cases and 418 matched controls born in FP, most being younger than 15 years old at the time of the first nuclear tests. We analyzed the genetic profile of our cohort to identify population subgroups. We then completed a genome-wide analysis study on the whole population. Results We identified a specific genetic structure in the FP population reflecting admixture from Asian and European populations. We identified three regions associated with increased DTC risk at 6q24.3, 10p12.2, and 17q21.32. The lead SNPs at these loci showed respective p-values of 1.66 × 10−7, 2.39 × 10−7, and 7.19 × 10−7 and corresponding odds ratios of 2.02, 1.89, and 2.37. Conclusion Our study results suggest a role of the loci 6q24.3, 10p12.2 and 17q21.32 in DTC risk. However, a whole genome sequencing approach would be better suited to characterize these factors than genotyping with microarray chip designed for the Caucasian population. Moreover, the functional impact of these three new loci needs to be further explored and validated.
Distribution and drug resistance of 1 701 positive isolates from blood culture samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the distribution and drug resistance in blood culture isolates in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital.

Methods
A total of 18 943 blood culture samples obtained from January 2011 to November 2013 were performed by automated detection system. The pathogens and the drug resistance of positive isolates were analyzed.

Results
A total of 1 701 positive strains were isolated with the positive rate of 9.0%. Gram positive cocci, Gram negative bacilli and fungi accounted for 52.3%, 45.8% and 1.9%, respectively. The most frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS, 37.7%) , E.coli (23.6%) , Klebsiella spp. (8.8%) , Enterococcus spp. (7.3%) and S. aureu (7.1%) . The prevalence of E. faecalis strains resistant to high level gentamicin and ampicillin were 71.4% and 0, respectively. The E. faecium isolates showed significantly higher resistant rates to most of the antimicrobial agents than E. faecalis ones.No Staphylococcus spp. strains were found resistant to vancomycin. The drug resistance rate of E. faecium to vancomycin was 5.3%. The resistance rates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. strains to imipenem were 0.3% and 0.7%, respectively.More than 50% of E. coli strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The resistance rates of Entrobacter spp. to imipenem and ertapenem were 10.8% and 19.4%, respectively. More than 80% of Acinetobacter baumannii strains were resistant to carbapenems.

Conclusions
Mainly gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacilli were isolated from blood culture samples of the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital in past 3 years, and resistance to antibiotics is common in most blood isolates.

Key words:
Bacteria; Distribution; Drug resistance; Blood
Evolution of the Cercopithecidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since their origin in Africa during the Miocene epoch, Old World monkeys have spread throughout that continent and several different groups of them have also dispersed across Eurasia to become the most widespread and speciose family of nonhuman primates, even reaching locations well outside of the tropical rainforest habitats typical of other primates. In spite of being relatively stereotyped in terms of their skeletal anatomy, locomotor mode, and social behavior, they have also come to occupy the widest range of environments of any primate group. Throughout their evolution, a wide array of ecologically and morphologically diverse forms have evolved and gone extinct.
Fighting Spyware and Adware in the Enterprise

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract While obvious security threats like fast-spreading worms have a tendency to garner news headlines, other stealthy security risks threaten businesses every day. Increasing amounts of spyware and adware programs have the ability to facilitate the disclosure of business information and risk privacy, confidentiality, integrity, and system availability. Corporations usually accumulate a vault of information that could cause serious problems if it were shared with the wrong contacts or, even worse, taken. Spyware's evolution from simple cookies to a range of sophisticated user-tracking systems has left many businesses without the control over their proprietary data and operations.
The Effect Of Consumer Based Brand Equity On Brand Reputation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to to shed light into an unexplored area of the marketing by exploring the relationship between Consumer Based Brand Equity and Brand Reputation, two distinct constructs, the former from marketing theory and practice and the latter from the
communication field, which play important roles in the market performance of firms. Results of the study confirm that there is a positive relationship within the sub-dimensions of Consumer Based Brand Equity in a sequential structure, which brings consumers from the basic awareness level about the brand to the formation of Brand Associations as well as the perception of quality
and consequently resulting to support the level of loyalty through Brand Associations. Another finding of the study is that Brand Loyalty, which is the ultimate level of Consumer Based Brand Equity construct, is found to positively affecting the Brand Reputation. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between Consumer Based Brand Equity and
Brand Reputation in a reverse direction compared to the existing studies in the literature. Finding suggests that not only Brand Reputation supports Brand Loyalty level of consumers as confirmed in the current literature.
Vision-Based Autonomous Navigation System Using ANN and FSM Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autonomous mobile robot navigation is a very relevant problem in robotics research. This paper proposes a vision-based autonomous navigation system using artificial neural networks (ANN) and finite state machines (FSM). In the first step, ANNs are used to process the image frames taken from the robot's camera, classifying the space, resulting in navigable or non-navigable areas (image road segmentation). Then, the ANN output is processed and used by a FSM, which identifies the robot's current state, and define which action the robot should take according to the processed image frame. Different experiments were performed in order to validate and evaluate this approach, using a small mobile robot with integrated camera, in a structured indoor environment. The integration of ANN vision-based algorithms and robot's action control based on a FSM, as proposed in this paper, demonstrated to be a promising approach to autonomous mobile robot navigation.
Spatial distribution of mitosis in mouse epidermis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The cells of the upper strata of mammalian epidermis are flattened and aligned to form regular columnar units. It has been suggested that the position of the smaller underlying basal cells is related to the overlying cell columns. Examination of the position of metaphase figures in sheets of mouse epidermis indicated that mitosis occurs principally in cells lying just within the periphery of the cell columns but that there is no alignment of interphase basal cells within the columnar peripheries which could account for this position of mitosis.
Maximizing the Benefits of On-Site Renewable Energy Generation Using On-Site Energy Storage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The commercial and industrial building sectors have a major role to play in a U.S. low-carbon future. Building owners can make a difference by deploying on-site renewable generation and storage technologies, which facilitates future-proofing their buildings as well as more effectively meeting the service requirements of the building. This resource provides an overview of common generation, storage, and load management technologies in behind-the-meter systems, and serves as a primer to demonstrate the impact on net building loads required from the grid for different sizes of renewable generation along with on-site electrical and thermal storage. These discussions can help commercial building owners communicate the value of these systems to project teams and develop innovative behind-the-meter solutions to achieve their energy goals.
Ectoparasite communities of Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia:Muridae) in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnan, China

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Rattus norvegicus may be as the reservoir host of plague in some domestic plague foci of Yunnan province, and some of its ectoparasite species may be the potential vectors of human diseases. To understand the ectoparasite communities in a population of R. norvegicus in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake and the potential medical and veterinary importance of these ectoparasites are described. Ectoparasite communities of 431 rats of R. norvegicus were studied by using Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman correlation analysis, which were sampled in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake (a famous fresh water lake in Southwestern China) in Yunnan in 2003 to 2004. The constituent ratio (C), prevalence (P) and average ectoparasite abundance (A) were used to test prevalence and density of ectoparasites. The surveyed areas were located in the wild rodent-type plague focus, one of the 11 known plague foci in China and also an important focus of both scrub typhus and epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). The results indicated that a high proportion (71%, 307 individuals) of the sampled 431 rats was found to be infested with ectoparasites. A total of 47 ectoparasite species, including 23 species of chigger mites, 16 species of mesostigmatid (gamasid) mites, 6 species of fleas and 2 species of sucking lice were collected from R. norvegicus. Within this ectoparasite complex, 16 species had previously been reported to be vectors of human disease agents. The results suggest that there is very high species diversity of ectoparasites of R. norvegicus.
PROCEDURES FOR USING STANDARD SHOT PEENING TEST STRIP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform procedures for using the standard shot peening test strips reported in SAE Standard J442, Test Strip, Holder and Gage for Shot Peening. Standard test strips are used to control repeatability of the shot peening machine operations, and to specify a desired result on a part. It is recommended that the standard test strip A be used for intensities that produce arc heights of 6A to 24A. For intensities below 6A, the standard N strip is recommended, and for intensities above 24A, the standard C strip is recommended.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Shot peening is intended to induce surface compressive stresses in metal parts for the purpose of improving resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. Springs, axles, and aircraft landing gears are typical examples of such parts. To have the desired effect, shot peening requires that specified intensity and coverage be achieved on critical areas, where the high tension stresses or stress ranges are most likely to cause fatigue or stress corrosion failures in service. Actual experience with service failures or fatigue tests may sometimes be required to discover or confirm the location of areas subject to critical stressing, as a result of service, design, and/or manufacturing conditions.</div></div>
Influence of perceived level of stress upon ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The hypothetical advantage of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recordings over clinical casual BP readings is based on the assumption that it reflects the impact of daily life stress. We investigated the relation of ambulatory BP, heart rate (HR), and respiratory frequency (RF) readings to environmental conditions (work vs. home) and to the perceived level of stress (from 1 = completely relaxed to 5 = extremely stressed) in 34 healthy employed subjects. Systolic and diastolic BP (129 vs. 120 mmHg; 89 vs. 82 mmHg), RF (18 vs. 16 resp/min) and perceived stress (2.3 vs. 1.6 a.u.) differed significantly between work and home. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of perceived stress on SBP (F = 7.87; p less than 0.001), DBP (F = 8.73; p less than 0.001), and HR (F = 7.23; p less than 0.001).
Using Laboratories To Teach Engineering Skills To Future Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2326 Using Laboratories to Teach Engineering Skills to Future Teachers William Jordan, Debbie Silver, and Bill Elmore Louisiana Tech University Abstract During the 1999-2000 academic year, the authors created and offered to elementary and middle school pre-service teachers a course on engineering problem solving. This course was designed to build the knowledge base and strengthen the confidence of future teachers when working with science, engineering, and mathematics principles using laboratory-based activities as the foundation for learning. Using the theme “Our Material World”, the authors sought to integrate concepts and principles involving physical, mechanical and chemical behavior of materials as a means to teach engineering problem solving skills. Through the use of frequent laboratory exercises, our goal was to “demystify” for these future teachers some of the fundamental ideas of science and engineering and to heighten their interest and skill level in effectively communicating these ideas to K-12 students. In the first offering of this course (Spring 2000), we initiated the process of “engineering problem solving” with laboratory-based activities by first forming teams to promote collegiality among the pre-service teachers and to provide a supportive framework for their entrance into potentially unfamiliar territory of problem solving from an engineering standpoint. Team formation was accompanied by a strong commitment to regular “teaming” activities providing ample opportunities for students to literally put their “hands to the task” of experimenting with the new concepts to be learned. Mixed with a lively interaction among the three faculty members (and the students themselves) this quickly broke down many barriers to students’ actively and cooperatively learning new concepts. The course was taught in a cooperative learning environment, integrating numerous hands-on activities with brief lectures coordinated to provide “just-in-time” information for current team activities. By doing rather than merely observing, students engaged in “constructivist” instructional techniques. 1. Introduction Our problem-solving course was created through sponsorship of the NASA Opportunities for Visionary Academics (NOVA) program. NOVA was created out of a concern for how universities prepare new teachers. Comprising a network of 76 member institutions, NOVA “Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2001, American Society for Engineering Education”
Formulación de caso en Psicología Jurídica. Perspectiva penal

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The formulation of cases in legal psychology aims to establish, in a systematic and organised way, information on the psychological and behavioural aspects of people and groups who have judicial implications. This information, which is related to the mental state, personality, personal history, group interactions, relational dynamics, motivation, etc., is used to support the decisions of legal operators. Recently, case formulation has become a key method for the development of processes of systematisation, organisation, formulation and explanatory analysis of information within the psychological practice, especially for those who carry out their activities from the applied field of clinical psychology, as it is directly related to interventional procedures. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that the professional activity of a psychologist is not exclusively limited to the area of health, therefore their roles in other fields, such as that of legal-criminal psychology, also requires an orderly and schematic form which allows for more objective and ideographic interventions to be carried out. In accordance with the aforementioned, this investigation proposes a case formulation model for legal-criminal psychology based on the practical experience and on the theoretical and scientific knowledge of legal psychologists in the administration of the Colombian criminal justice system.
Anticoagulant Activity of Endothelial Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Culture medium conditioned by endothelial cells contained anticoagulant activity. The concentrated serum-free conditioned medium, not only directly inhibited Factor Xa activity but also enhanced the inactivation of Xa activity by antithrombin III. Acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from conditioned culture medium showed Xa inhibition only in the presence of antithrombin III.2. On the cultured endothelial cell monolayer, thrombin activity was inhibited by antithrombin III. This inhibitory effect was absent on the endothelial cells pre-treated with F. heparinum enzyme.These results suggest that GAGs (probably heparan sulfate) on the endothelial cells exert heparin-like activity both in the liquid phase after secretion and in the solid phase on the cell surface.
Determination of Organic Acids in Root Exudates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography：III.Effects of Interfering Factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of collection time and interfering ions on separation and determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids in root exudates of soybean using the method for directly collecting root exudates.The suitable cooection time of root exudates and the interferiung ions affecting organic acid determination were determined.The method for removing the interfering ions was established and analyzed.The release amount of root exudates increased with the increase of collection time from 0 to 120min but decreased with increasing of collection time from 120to 240min.The maximum exuding amounts of organic acids were observed in root exudates at the collection time of 120min.There was a significant difference of organic acid components between the treatments of collection time of 120min and 240min,Citric acid was founnd only in the treatment of 120min collection time,NO3^- was the main interfering ion in organic acid determination and had the same retention time as oxalic acid.Anion exchange resin(SAX)properly treated by HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography)solvent could remove NO3^- anion in sample solution of root exudates,thus enhancing the recoveries of organic acids in root exudates.There was no significant effect of the chemicals added into sample solution such as H3PO4,SAX and KNO3 on the retention time of organic acids.
‘Worklife Pathways’ to Singapore and Japan: Gender and Racial Dynamics in Europeans’ Mobility to Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Professional migrants’ numbers are rising throughout the world, but the phenomenon itself is changing. Research on professional migration often examines the situation in ‘Western’ countries. In contrast, this paper investigates the rising numbers of (mainly) young, educated, middle-class EU citizens who relocate to Singapore and Japan. Singapore, as a hub for the Asia-Pacific region and forward-looking industries, attracts career-oriented professionals seeking challenges and adventure. Japan lures with its cultural abundance but is hardly accessible for people without Japanese language proficiency. Despite these differences, migration to both places results in similar outcomes as it introduces migrants to a mobile life involving destinations that are significant for their labor market characteristics. It further demonstrates how a generation that grew up with the concept of borderless Europe construct their individual ‘worklife pathways’ beyond the European continent. Depending on the socio-cultural context, the intersections of race and gender shape their migration experiences. Such dynamics have to be understood in relation to recent global developments including the challenges that the European Union is currently facing and Japan’s struggle to cope with a declining workforce.