jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atypical presentation of sphenoid wing meningioma mimicking idiopathic orbital inflammation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) are slow-growing tumors that commonly present with proptosis and progressive visual deterioration. Due to the proximity of the sphenoid bone to key structures in the orbit, it may occasionally be misdiagnosed as other inflammatory and other neoplastic orbital diseases. This case report highlights an atypical presentation of SWM that mimics idiopathic inflammatory orbital disease, underscoring the importance of differential diagnosis.
Poor oral discourse skills are the key cognitive-linguistic weakness of Chinese poor comprehenders: A three-year longitudinal study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Prior research on reading difficulties has mainly focused on word decoding problems. However, there exists another group of children – poor comprehenders (PCs) – who have normal word decoding abilities but difficulties in reading comprehension. Less is known about PCs especially in non-alphabetic languages such as Chinese. This study identified three groups – poor decoders, PCs, and average readers – among 103 Chinese children at the end of first grade. Children’s performances in reading and cognitive-linguistic measures, both concurrently at first grade and retrospectively at kindergarten levels two and three, were then compared among the three groups. This study is the first to demonstrate the distinct cognitive profiles of poor decoders and PCs in Chinese. The key cognitive-linguistic weaknesses of Chinese PCs were found to be in oral discourse skills and working memory. The retrospective data further revealed their oral discourse weakness as early as in preschool years at age 5. Practically, the necessity of developing assessment and intervention tools that focus on oral discourse skills for Chinese PCs is highlighted.
Scalable Distributed Planning for Multi-Robot, Multi-Target Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In multi-robot multi-target tracking, robots coordinate to monitor groups of targets moving about an environment. We approach planning for such scenarios by formulating a receding-horizon, multi-robot sensing problem with a mutual information objective. Such problems are NP-Hard in general. Yet, our objective is submodular which enables certain greedy planners to guarantee constant-factor suboptimality. However, these greedy planners require robots to plan their actions in sequence, one robot at a time, so planning time is at least proportional to the number of robots. Solving these problems becomes intractable for large teams, even for distributed implementations. Our prior work proposed a distributed planner (RSP) which reduces this number of sequential steps to a constant, even for large numbers of robots, by allowing robots to plan in parallel while ignoring some of each others' decisions. Although that analysis is not applicable to target tracking, we prove a similar guarantee, that RSP planning approaches performance guarantees for fully sequential planners, by employing a novel bound which takes advantage of the independence of target motions to quantify effective redundancy between robots' observations and actions. Further, we present analysis that explicitly accounts for features of practical implementations including approximations to the objective and anytime planning. Simulation results—available via open source release—for target tracking with ranging sensors demonstrate that our planners consistently approach the performance of sequential planning (in terms of position uncertainty) given only 2–8 planning steps and for as many as 96 robots with a 24x reduction in the number of sequential steps in planning. Thus, this work makes planning for multi-robot target tracking tractable at much larger scales than before, for practical planners and general tracking problems.
Effect of the Short-time Electric and Magnetic Field Stimulation on the Embryos and Their Growth of the Grucian Carp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stimulation of the electric and magnetic field with stronger strength to the embryos of the crueian carp can promote the growing speed of the embryos and fishes of the crucian carp. Due the information of the interaction within the aell from the proton NMR relaxation time we give the stimulation of the electrie and magnetic field to the embryos within selected suitable time period. It is possible to affest the formation of the protein enzyme, the growing of hormone within the cell and the passage in the membrane during the stimulation.
Sports/Exercise In Relation To Depressive Symptoms In Black U.S. Adults: Gender & Ethnic Differences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exercise decreases depressive symptoms in clinically depressed patients and healthy community samples. Few studies include ethnic minorities. Since the mechanism is unclear, it is unknown if exercise decreases depressive symptoms in all populations. PURPOSE: To investigate the relation between exercise and depressive symptoms in Black U.S. adults. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed on the National Survey of American Life, a representative sample of African-American and Black Caribbeans (n=4,716, ages 18-94), guided by Stokols' Social Ecology of Health Promotion Model. Individuals with clinical depression were excluded. Multiple regression for complex samples examined the relationship between sports/exercise and depressive symptoms while controlling for personal (age, body mass index, disability, family history of depression, perceived discrimination) and environmental factors (household income, region of country, neighborhood safety), p≤.05. RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were associated with sports/exercise in African-American women (b= -.48) and men (b= -.75) with 1-3% of variance in depressive symptoms explained. When controlling for personal factors, depressive symptoms remained associated with sports/exercise in African-American women (b= -.55) and men (b= -.88) with explained variance increasing to 20% for women and 13% for men. When controlling for environmental factors, depressive symptoms remained associated with sports/exercise in African-American women (b= -.34) and men (b= -.61), and became significant in Black Caribbean women (b= -.58), with a total of 6-7% of variance explained. When controlling for personal and environmental factors, depressive symptoms were associated with sports/exercise in African-American women (b= -.41), men (b= -.77) and Black Caribbean women (b= -.69) and men (b= -.51). Explained variance increased to a total of 24 and 16% in African-American women and men, and 11 and 46% in Black Caribbean women and men respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher participation in sports/exercise was robustly associated with lower depressive symptoms and differed by gender and ethnicity in healthy Black U.S. adults. Personal and environmental factors are important in understanding this relationship and explain much of the variance in depressive symptoms.
Re-Centering Culture in Development Administration in Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role of culture in development remains controversial in the literature. However, within the African context, both historically and in contemporary times, arguments vilifying culture remain rife. This continues a process of decentering culture from the discourse and practice of development on the continent. This chapter argues against this trend and calls for a recentering of culture as a positive element in the administration of development in Africa. Drawing on the Nigerian experience, the chapter provides some remedies for the country in particular and the rest of Africa in general. The chapter maintains that without bringing culture back into the practice of development on the continent, current developmental challenges are likely to persist into the future.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Complications of Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms-A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Retinal arterial macroaneurysms are distinct vascular lesions with a typically benign course. Laser treatment to these vascular lesions is controversial, and has been limited to cases of persistent macular edema. Devastating vision loss can occur, however, through vitreous or subretinal hemorrhage. We describe eight cases of retinal arterial macroaneurysms associated with subretinal or vitreous hemorrhage requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Final visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/400 at most recent follow up. Until reliable indicators of rupture are identified, we suggest consideration of laser photocoagulation to clinically active, identifiable retinal arterial macroaneurysms within the macula.
Scophthalmus Rafinesque, 1810: the valid generic name for the turbot, S. maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Pleuronectiformes: Scophthalmidae]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the past 50 years, the turbot is referred to either as Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) or Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) in the literature. Norman (1931) had argued that the valid name for the turbot was Scophthalmus maximus. However, his recommendation was never universally accepted, and today the confusing situation exists where two generic names are still being used for this species. We address this issue by analysing findings from recently published works on the anatomy, molecular and morphological phylogenetic systematics, and ecology of scophthalmid fishes. The preponderance of evidence supports the strong recommendation to use Scophthalmus as the valid generic name for the turbot. Acceptance of this generic name conveys the best information available concerning the systematic relationships of this species, and also serves to simplify the nomenclature of scophthalmid flatfishes in publications on systematics, fisheries and aquaculture, fishery statistics, ichthyofaunal and field guides for the general public, and in various legal and conservation- related documents. This paper reinforces the conclusions of Chanet (2003) with more arguments.
[A case of renal pelvic tumor with heterotopic bone formation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patient was a 74-year-old man who was referred to our hospital with a complaint of left flank pain. Laboratory data were almost within normal limits and urine cytology was positive. X-ray examination revealed a calcification in the left kidney and abdominal CT scan confirmed the presence of a heterogenous renal pelvic mass which contained a calcification. Based on these examinations, a diagnosis of a renal pelvic cancer with heterotopic bone formation was made. Subsequently, left nephroureterectomy was performed. Grossly, the renal pelvis of the resected kidney was filled with a mass which had a white cut surface and bone-like tendency. Histopathologically, a poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with massive bone formation was found. Fifty five cases of heterotopic bone formation in the kidney have been reported in Japan. Among the cases, 4 cases were complicated with renal pelvic tumor and our case was the second case of heterotopic bone formation complicated with a transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in Japan.
Use of elexacaftor+tezacaftor+ivacaftor in individuals with cystic fibrosis and at least one F508del allele: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of treatment with the combination of three cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators-elexacaftor+tezacaftor+ivacaftor (ETI)-on important clinical endpoints in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that compared the use of ETI in individuals with CF and at least one F508del allele with that of placebo or with an active comparator such as other combinations of CFTR modulators, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations and the Patients of interest, Intervention to be studied, Comparison of interventions, and Outcome of interest (PICO) methodology. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception to December 26th, 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the quality of evidence was based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: We retrieved 54 studies in the primary search. Of these, 6 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed (1,127 patients; 577 and 550 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The meta-analysis revealed that the use of ETI increased FEV1% [risk difference (RD), +10.47%; 95% CI, 6.88-14.06], reduced the number of acute pulmonary exacerbations (RD, -0.16; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.04), and improved quality of life (RD, +14.93; 95% CI, 9.98-19.89) and BMI (RD, +1.07 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.90-1.25). Adverse events did not differ between groups (RD, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.01), and none of the studies reported deaths. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that ETI treatment substantially improves clinically significant, patient-centered outcomes.
Vasopressin Analog DDAVP in the Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A synthetic vasopressin analog, 1-desamino-8D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP also known as desmopressin), was found to be highly effective in the treatment of seven children and one adult with vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. The average duration of action of DDAVP was 10 to 11 hours, and with proper adjustment of dose, the subjects were able to control their symptoms satisfactorily with one or two inhalations daily. The youngest child in whom adequate control was achieved was 2 years of age. All subjects found the use of intranasal DDAVP superior to other forms of therapy, and none experienced any known side-effects after six months of treatment. All subjects in this study are currently using 2.5 mug to 10 mug of DDAVP once or twice daily.
Upravljanje rizicima u proizvodnji naoružanja i vojne opreme/Risk management in the production of weapons and military equipment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

U radu je objašnjen pojam rizika i upravljanja rizikom u specifičnim uslovima proizvodnje naoružanja i vojne opreme (NVO). Analizirane su glavne karakteristike eksplozivnih materija, koje izazivaju najveće rizike u proizvodnji NVO. Razrađene su faze u procesu upravljanja rizicima, kao i metode upravljanja rizikom. Zaključeno je da je pri upravljanju rizicima presudan uticaj menadžmenta kompanije da rizike dovede u prihvatljive okvire. (The paper discusses the notions of risk and risk management in specific conditions of the production of weapons and military equipment (MWE). The main characteristics of explosive materials, the most frequent risk sources in the production of MWE, have been analyzed as well as the phases in the risk management process and the risk management methods. Introduction Risk is nowadays considered as a serious economical, public and political issue. Risk management enables identification and control of uncertainty varieties in order to avoid or reduce them by offering alternative activity routes to decision-makers. The production and application of modern WME involves handling hazardous materials and imposes needs for safety measures. Particularities of the WME production Explosive materials for military goods cause the greatest risks in production and charging as well as in storage and use. They consist of explosives, gunpowder, rocket propellants (solid and liquid), liquid oxidizers of rocket propellants and pyrotechnic mixtures. Reducing risks in production to an acceptable level The key of successful risk management is a clear definition of a risk assessing domain s well as the identification and characterization of potential threats. The risk management process consists of the following phases: risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment, procedures in risk occurrences and the risk control of required measures. Conclusion The management of each company has a key role in risk management, reducing risks to acceptable levels in cooperation with government and specialized institutions.)
Unearthing Cognitive Frames and Sowing Interactional Framing within Indigenous-Mining Conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The mining industry and indigenous communities have long been engaged in seemingly intractable conflicts. The conflicts are costly and drain the resources of both parties. There are few examples of creative, substantive, long-lasting solutions to these conflicts. The intractability of the conflicts may be the result of failing to uncover the deep-seated, underlying, conflicting and unresolved philosophical disputes which bias and undermine indigenous-mining conflict resolution attempts. Framing, as a method of discourse analysis, was used to identify the value systems held by the parties in the Picuris-Oglebay Norton dispute. Cognitive frames tended to describe entrenched conflict, whereas interactional framing yielded promise for the resolution of conflict.
Urbanonyms As Markers Of Multicultural Urban Space

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper is devoted to the study of toponyms in the context of the dialogue of cultures, with a particular focus on the characteristics of Russian urbanonyms used in France as a special linguistic phenomenon. The relevance of the issue is due to the need to establish and evaluate the influence of Russian culture and history on the toponymic system of France. The study explores the concept of urbanonyms as a private component of toponymy as well as identifies and systematizes Russian geographical names used in France. The urbanonyms were classified in accord with the type of designated geographical objects, territorial characteristic and semantic significance. The study showed that the use of Russian urbanonyms indicates quite a deep and steady penetration of Russian concepts into French culture. It was found that Russian urbanonyms are used to nominate a variety of French urban objects (streets, bridges, restaurants, squares, museums, monuments, churches) and are recorded in eight regions of France, with 70% of them located in the Ile-de-France region, which indicates the closest contacts of the metropolitan region with Russian culture. Russian names carry a distinct cultural component associated with the indication of 1) names of famous personalities: tsars, artists, sculptors, composers, writers, choreographers; 2) churches and monasteries; 3) socio-economic activity; 4) names of existing geographical objects; 5) ethnicity. In conclusion, the urbanonyms have not only a special semantic meaning but also become markers of one culture and its integration into another culture.
Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam in Mechanically Ventilated Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Though target sedation was achieved with Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine, Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated the lesser complications and shorter duration of stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Most of the studies are reported from high income countries. The studies on Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine use in mechanically ventilated children are scanty in low-middle income regions. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine for sedation in mechanically ventilated children. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in academic hospital Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) from March 2015 to June 2016. Children aged less than 13 years mechanically ventilated for more than 24-hour and received sedative with either infusion of Midazolam or Dexmedetomidine without loading dose were involved. Patients with unstable haemodynamic throughout PICU stay and expired within 24-hour and incomplete medical data were excluded. Intermittent Fentanyl/Morphine was used as when needed as per treating team decisions. Sedation assessment was performed with Ramsey sedation scale (RSS, target=3-4 out of 6), Tracheal suctioning score and PICU sedation score. The primary outcome was “percentage of time with target sedation” till extubation. The secondary outcome was the cumulative dose of sedation used, the need for rescue sedation and the rate of complications, organ dysfunction {by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score} and the length of stay in ventilation, PICU and mortality. Results: A total of 115 patients (Midazolam-group, n=63 and Dexmedetomidine-group, n=52) were enrolled. The median age was 12 months (IQR 8-30). Mean (±SD) PRISM-III score was 11.3±7.2. About 54.8% were ventilated for respiratory pathology, followed by CNS pathology (25.2%) and sepsis (10.4%). Mean (±SD) percentage of the duration of proper sedation was not significantly different in Midazolam-group (83.4±15.6) and Dexmedetomidine-group (81.4±17) (p=0.510). The cumulative dose (microgram per kg) requirement was higher in Midazolam-group {median (IQR) 12.2 (9.8-17.1) vs. 9.6 (5-15.3); p=0.019)}.No difference was note in need for “rescue dose of sedation” per patient {median (IQR) 1 (0-2) vs. 1 (0-2)}, rate of complications (bradycardia 9.5% vs. 1.9%; hypotension 9.5% vs. 5.8%). No difference was noted in organ dysfunction score {mean difference, 95% CI; SOFA score: -0.2 (-1.6 to 1.33); p=0.808 and PeLOD score: 1.3 (-1.5 to 4.1); p=0.364}, duration of ventilation (median, IQR 2.7 (2-3.3) vs. 2.0 (1.5-3.1) days and mortality (20.6% vs. 21.2%). PICU stay was significantly lower in Midazolam-group (median, IQR 3 days, 1-5 vs. 5 days, 4-6; p=<0.001). Conclusion:Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine were associated with similar target sedation with a comparable rate of complications in mechanically ventilated children. However, Midazolam required a higher cumulative dose to achieve target sedation.