jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Double Differential Cross Sections of CH4at 250 eV Impact Energy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, experimental and theoretical double dierential cross section (DDCS) data for methane-electron interaction mechanism after the impact of a 250 eV electron have been comprehensively determined for a wide energy range of the detected electron, from 50 to 225 eV.The rst Born-One Coulomb wave modeling with Gamow factor has been calculated to analyze experimental DDCS results for a correct description of the electron impact ionization of methane molecule.It is found that these theoretical calculations are successful to describe the postcollision interaction eects due to the Coulomb long-range interaction between the outgoing electrons in the nal state.A considerable agreement is found between experimental and theoretical results.
My Name is Samoan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the Samoan culture, chiefly titles are a form of oral history and cultural knowledge. In this paper, I interpret the term Samoan to be a title that has its own oral history and cultural knowledge. Those who call themselves Samoan belong to this history. However, Samoan is a title which is contested and (re)defined by contemporary Samoan cultural practitioners in immigration destination countries such as New Zealand. Examples are Victor Roger’s play My Name is Gary Cooper, Oscar Kightley and Simon Small’s play Fresh Off the Boat, and Tusi Tamasese’s film The Orator (O Le Tulafale). These works subvert the Western gaze upon the Samoan as the exotic and present a cultural mirror to Samoans to reveal how they view themselves. They form a larger discussion on a transnational or meta-Samoan culture and identity that is inclusive and that reflects the urban and cosmopolitan realities of Samoans whether they are in Samoa or abroad as seen in web networks such as the “Coconet”.
Fungi in sands of Mediterranean Sea beaches of Israel—Potential relevance to human health and well‐being

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Sand of sea harbour bacteria that may cause enteric and other infections in humans, and are controlled by regulatory measures. Data on fungi in sea sand are scarce. Thus, an international group of mycologists was formed to explore fungal flora in sand of various waterbodies. Objectives The aim was to explore fungal sand contamination in beaches of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea Coast, regarding possible impact on human health in three aspects: (a) faecal contamination, as judged by presence of the human enteric fungi; (b) contamination by fungi, causing dermal infections; (c) and the presence of moulds, causing respiratory allergies and pose a risk for infection in immunocompromised individuals. Methods The study included sand screen of six urban beaches from north to south of the Israeli Mediterranean Coast. Sand samples were extracted by water, and the water wash was cultured and quantitated. The fungi were identified phenotypically, by MALDI‐TOF MS system and ITS sequencing. Results The screen revealed that about 80% of the isolates were moulds and about 20% yeasts. The mould species included opportunistic pathogens and potential allergens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium and Mucorales species. Yeast isolates included Candida, Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula species. Conclusions (a) Fungi are contaminating Israeli Mediterranean sand beaches; (b) the contaminating fungi include various yeast and mould species; (c) some of the yeasts and mould species found in sand are known opportunistic pathogens, or respiratory allergens; (d) the data could serve as basis for initiating regulatory measures to control fungal contamination of sand for the benefit of public health.
Pedagogical Preparation for Physicians and their Performance in the Medical Course

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Qualifying the medical profile to meet the population’s main health needs is a challenge for contemporary medical schools. In this process, the medical professor has a prominent place, since medical teaching practice is based on the production of models considered valid, previously learned, and the experience of medical practice. One questions, thus, the physician’s pedagogical aptitude to teach, since the professor-academic relationship occurs differently from the physician-patient relationship, starting from the need to understand which ways professors seek to acquire the teaching-specific skills. Objective To carry out an integrative review on the pedagogical training of physicians in the teaching context. Methods This is a non-observational, descriptive integrative review of the literature. Initially, we searched the databases at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library with the help of the Boolean operator and the following descriptors: Health Human Resource Training; Faculty, Medical and Education, Medical, Continuing. The inclusion criteria were free, complete articles, published from 2012 to 2016, in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Results The search resulted in 24 articles those discuss the research theme. After exhaustive reading of the articles found, only five converged and answered the guiding question raised in the initial reflection. Teaching strategies and methodologies, as well as the evaluation of clinical supervision processes to construct the students’ technical knowledge appear as important topics on learning and teaching. In addition, these discussions raise professors’ need for continuing education programs, as well as the construction of evaluation tools for professors, tutors and preceptors. Conclusions This study highlights the continuous improvement in the professors’ pedagogical training and the development of permanent education programs and improvement of the faculty by the school.
Refusals of Conscience: What are They and When Should They Be Accommodated?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Approaching this subject as a decided nonexpert, I want to explore a number of questions about a right to conscience in respect to efusals to provide health-care services. My hope is that the questions will seem important and relevant, even if some of my tentative answers are controversial or even misguided.\nIt is helpful to distinguish three levels of analysis: 1) What would be an ideal scope for rights of conscience if we could put aside difficulties of administration and political feasibility? 2) What would be a desirable approach given administrative and political realities? 3) And in what rhetoric should claims of conscience be formulated when supporters address those with authority to enact legal rights?
Beyond the lease: True partnerships between airports and concessionaires

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Airports and concession operators are naturally aligned in their mutual goal to provide great customer service that drives passengers’ traffic and higher revenue. Airports must lead this effort with concessions and other operational stakeholders to initiate measurable programmes. Mutual focus on engaging passengers with memorable experiences, along with a strong sense of place is associated with increased sales and airport traffic. To increase non-aeronautical revenue, one must create happy passengers — and that is in everyone’s interest. Innovative programmes such as CSAC (Customer Service Action Committee) at Minneapolis Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) and the Premium Value Program at Denver International Airport (DEN) are two best practices that strengthen relationships and deliver results. Key ingredients for success include creating programmes that build relationships within an airport, defined programmes, firm scheduled meetings, measured results, identify stakeholder problem solving, and always celebrating success. Programmes that identify barriers such as airport ‘hassle factor’ for employees and passengers, individual labour markets issues and operational challenges are also fostered when disparate airport teams come together. Airport management alone can bring the various stakeholders together to support and drive customer service excellence and communication within an environment of cooperation. These programmes build strong airports.
Retained surgical sponge: an unusual cause of malabsorption.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Retained surgical sponge is an unpleasant surprise in clinical practice. Intraluminal migration of the retained sponge, though rare, can lead to intestinal obstruction and other complications. We describe two cases of retained surgical sponge, both following gynaecological surgery, presenting several years after surgery with features of subacute intestinal obstruction, malabsorption and several years after surgery with features of subacute intestinal obstruction, malabsorption and sever hypoproteinemia which reverted after surgical removal.
Something to Chew On: The Effects of Oral Haptics on Mastication, Orosensory Perception, and Calorie Estimation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research examines how oral haptics (due to hardness/softness or roughness/smoothness) related to foods influence mastication (i.e., degree of chewing) and orosensory perception (i.e., orally perceived fattiness), which in turn influence calorie estimation, subsequent food choices, and overall consumption volume. The results of five experimental studies show that, consistent with theories related to mastication and orosensory perception, oral haptics related to soft (vs. hard) and smooth (vs. rough) foods lead to higher calorie estimations. This "oral haptics-calorie estimation" (OHCE) effect is driven by the lower mastication effort and the higher orosensory perception for soft (vs. hard) and smooth (vs. rough) foods. Further, the OHCE effect has downstream behavioral outcomes in terms of influencing subsequent food choices between healthy versus unhealthy options as well as overall consumption volume. Moreover, mindful calorie estimation moderates the effects of oral haptics on consumption volume.
Information technology adoption and implementation: a longitudinal multimethod case study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Twenty-five years of factor-based implementation research has resulted in an abundance of studies relating individual and contextual variables to specific dependent variables. These studies have provided valuable information regarding relationships between system success and information technology characteristics, individual attitudes, workgroup norms, and the organizational context. In spite of this work, we have a very limited understanding of the detailed process of implementation and the interaction of various factors within that process.
In this research, a longitudinal multi-methodological case study design was used to study the IT implementation process. A research model was developed which integrated theories from referent disciplines with IT research. Data were collected over a 17-month period beginning nine months prior to the installation of a new information system and ending eight months after the installation of the system. In addition to providing information on antecedents and consequences, data collected longitudinally provided insights into events and factors which affected the implementation process and outcomes.
The quantitative analysis of retrospective data provided strong support for the relationships between several predictors of IT success and user information satisfaction. However, these same factors were not well supported as predictors of user information satisfaction when analyzed using data gathered prior to IT adoption.
When qualitative and quantitative data were combined in an exploratory analysis, strong support was found for the majority of the components of the research model. The qualitative data clarified how specific events created delays in the implementation process. These delays had substantial impact on the relationships proposed in the research model. In addition, the data elucidated the time sensitivity of the relationships. Examining the quantitative data with this new understanding yielded a higher level of support for the model and showed that disconfirmatlon of specific hypotheses based on cross-sectional data may be premature.
Model factors found to impact desired outcomes included: computing experience (depth and relatedness), social norms, communication channels, opinion leaders, management and co-worker support, the computing infrastructure, and a strong technology champion. In addition, the influence of individual and organizational learning on several persuasion stage factors was strongly supported by the data.
Assisted reproductive technology in the management of azoospermic men--the Austrian experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experience with intracytoplasmic injection of epididymal (MESA) and testicular spermatozoa (TESE) in Austria is summarized. Data from recent publications in scientific journals and results presented at different meetings were stratified for male factors, sperm retrieval methods, assisted reproductive techniques and conceptions. Four cooperative groups of andrologists and gynaecologists reported on MESA and TESE in Austria. They achieved five deliveries (one twin) and two ongoing pregnancies in 40 couples.
[Microscopic anatomy from the viewpoint of the macroscopic anatomist: the Vienna anatomist Joseph Hyrtl and his microscopic injection specimen].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mainly due to an intellectual opposition to microscopy the promising early investigations in this field had come to an untimely end resulting in a neglect of the microscope during the 18th century. In this situation micro-injected specimens were to become an important link on the way to the microscopical science of histology establishing in the first half of the 19th century. Starting without optical instrumentation on the solid grounds of visual experience injected vessels and ducts provided a pathway from well known macroscopical into unknown microscopical dimensions. Without changing their level of perception anatomists could look through a microscope with macroscopist's eyes. Under this aspect Joseph Hyrtl's specimens are not part of a systematic microscopic anatomy or histology but technically demanding preparations to study body morphology and function by comparative anatomy.
Federated Learning for 6G Networks: Navigating Privacy Benefits and Challenges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The upcoming Sixth Generation (6G) networks aim for fully automated, intelligent network functionalities and services. Therefore, Machine Learning (ML) is essential for these networks. Given stringent privacy regulations, future network architectures should use privacy-preserved ML for their applications and services. Federated Learning (FL) is expected to play an important role as a popular approach for distributed ML, as it protects privacy by design. However, many practical challenges exist before FL can be fully utilized as a key technology for these future networks. We consider the vision of a 6G layered architecture to evaluate the applicability of FL-based distributed intelligence. In this paper, we highlight the benefits of using FL for 6G and the main challenges and issues involved. We also discuss the existing solutions and the possible future directions that should be taken toward more robust and trustworthy FL for future networks. © 2020 IEEE.
Near-field source localization using sparse recovery techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Near-field source localization is an important aspect in many diverse areas such as acoustics, seismology, to list a few. The planar wave assumption frequently used in far-field source localization is no longer valid when the sources are in the near field. Near-field sources can be localized by solving a joint direction-of-arrival and range estimation problem. The original near-field source localization problem is a multi-dimensional non-linear optimization problem which is computationally intractable. In this paper, we use a grid-based model and by further leveraging the sparsity, we can solve the aforementioned problem efficiently using any of the off-the-shelf l 1 -norm optimization solvers. When multiple snapshots are available, we can also exploit the cross-correlations among the symmetric sensors of the array and further reduce the complexity by solving two sparse reconstruction problems of lower dimensions instead of a single sparse reconstruction problem of a higher dimension.
Aviation English Is Distinct From Conversational English: Evidence From Prosodic Analyses And Listening Performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

International aviation professionals converse in a register of English derived from \n \npostwar radiotelephony. Decades of use and regulatory pressure established Aviation \n \nEnglish (AE) as the lingua franca for pilots and air traffic controllers. Recently, the \n \nInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) required aviation professionals prove \n \nAE proficiency, resulting in development of a variety of AE programs and tests derived \n \nfrom English language pedagogy, without accounting for unique aviation language \n \nrequirements. This dissertation explores linguistic characteristics that must be accounted \n \nfor in international AE programs. \n \nHistorically, issues of English language dominance were sidestepped by letting \n \nspeakers of regional languages use their own aviation jargon, allowing native English \n \nspeakers (NESs) to claim AE proficiency without learning a language comprehensible to \n \ninternational AE users. By allowing limited “plain language” use, this practice paved the \n \nway for colloquial jargon that is often opaque to non-native English speakers (NNESs). \n \nThis led to an ICAO requirement that international pilots and controllers have \n \nconversational English (CE) proficiency. \n \nA phonological examination of AE must begin by defining a baseline in \n \ncomparison with other language forms. Regarding AE, it is critical to determine if there \n \nare differences with CE, because of the assumption of compatibility inherent in ICAO \n \nproficiency requirements. This dissertation compared AE with CE by examining the \n \nprosody and intelligibility of each language variety. \n \nProsodic differences in AE and CE were examined in two radio corpora: air \n \ntraffic controllers and radio newscasters. From these data I examined rhythm, intonation \n \nand speech rate differences that could affect intelligibility across registers. Using \n \nlaboratory studies of pilot and non-pilot NESs and NNESs, I examined AE intelligibility \n \ndifferences based on language background. NNES pilots scored worse on CE tasks and \n \nbetter on AE tasks than NES non-pilots, indicating CE proficiency is not a predictor of \n \nAE proficiency. \n \nDissertation findings suggest AE language training should focus on AE and not \n \non CE, as is current practice. Given phonological and other differences between AE and \n \nCE, enlisting all AE users to learn and adhere to AE phraseology will save time and \n \nmoney in training and alleviate miscommunication and confusion in flight, potentially \n \nsaving lives.
Materials Data on NbVCr by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

NbVCr crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nb, six equivalent V, and six equivalent Cr atoms. There are two shorter (3.05 Å) and two longer (3.07 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. There are four shorter (2.91 Å) and two longer (2.94 Å) Nb–V bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.91 Å) and four longer (2.95 Å) Nb–Cr bond lengths. V is bonded to six equivalent Nb, two equivalent V, and four equivalent Cr atoms to form VNb6V2Cr4 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight equivalent CrNb6V4Cr2 cuboctahedra, corners with ten equivalent VNb6V2Cr4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent VNb6V2Cr4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent VNb6V2Cr4 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent CrNb6V4Cr2 cuboctahedra. Both V–V bond lengths are 2.52 Å. All V–Cr bond lengths are 2.50 Å. Cr is bonded to six equivalent Nb, four equivalent V, and two equivalent Cr atoms to form CrNb6V4Cr2 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight equivalent VNb6V2Cr4 cuboctahedra, corners with ten equivalent CrNb6V4Cr2 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent CrNb6V4Cr2 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent CrNb6V4Cr2 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent VNb6V2Cr4 cuboctahedra. Both Cr–Cr bond lengths are 2.48 Å.
Group coaching in a large complex organisation: lessons learnt from experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article presents qualitative findings from a pilot group coaching program that was conducted within a large Australian public healthcare organisation. Using Nueman’s (2000) three phase coding system and Spector’s (1984) methodology, transcripts were analyzed for key themes (from both coachees’ and coaches’ perspectives) in response to probe questions. These themes included the need for a clear and explicit goal focus; the importance of solid upfront preparation and communication; the vital role of a group coaching process structure; the value of explicit program sponsorship and follow up; and the need to ensure the right people who are genuinely engaged participants.
Coercivity of ordered arrays of magnetic Co nanowires with controlled variable lengths

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ordered hexagonal arrays of Co nanowires were prepared using anodic aluminum oxide templates, varying the nanowire length in a controlled way. The measured coercivity values were shown to decrease with the increase in the nanowire aspect ratio, in contrast to the behavior expected from the shape anisotropy. The measurements were interpreted considering the change in the preferred crystalline structure, from fcc cubic to hcp hexagonal in small and high aspect ratio nanowires, respectively. The experimental evolution of coercivity with nanowires length is interpreted considering micromagnetic simulations taking into account the change in their crystalline structure.
Superconducting and magnetic properties of Sr3Ir4Sn13

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetization and muon spin relaxation or rotation (muSR) measurements have been performed to study the superconducting and magnetic properties of Sr3Ir4Sn13. From magnetization measurements the lower and upper critical fields of Sr3Ir4Sn13 are found to be 81(1) Oe and 14.4(2) kOe, respectively. Zero-field muSR data show no sign of any magnetic ordering or weak magnetism in Sr3Ir4Sn13. Transverse-field muSR measurements in the vortex state provided the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth. The dependence of penetration depth with temperature is consistent with the existence of single s-wave energy gap in the superconducting state of Sr3Ir4Sn13 with a gap value of 0.82(2) meV at absolute zero temperature. The magnetic penetration depth at zero temperature is 291(3) nm. The gap to Tc ratio is 2.1(1), indicates that Sr3Ir4Sn13 should be considered as a strong-coupling superconductor.