jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The transference of visual scanning behaviour between two unrelated tasks: Measuring the characteristics of carry-over

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Task performance is influenced by the allocation of visual attention, and models of scanning behaviour have attempted to predict search (and performance) by accounting for top-down and bottom-up processes. Although such models acknowledge an additional influence of previous experience with the same or similar task, recent work has shown that search can be affected by a preceding, unrelated task. An experiment was conducted to explore this ‘carry-over’ of scanning behaviour to examine whether time spent on the initial task influences the magnitude of the effect, and how quickly the effect dissipates across the course of the second task. Thirty participants completed simple letter searches and were then asked to search a picture of a natural scene. Eye movements were recorded to the picture search and, consistent with previous findings, the spatial layout of letters influenced spread of search in the pictures. The magnitude of the effect did not vary according to the time spent engaging in the initial task, however the effect diminished relatively quickly. The results have implications for dynamic tasks in which performance is closely related to search (i.e. driving), and imply that predictions of search behaviour could be improved by accounting for the influence of carry-over.
Application of theory of stationary stochastic process for modeling of chemiluminescent signal

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of mathematical models of chemiluminescence signal of bioassay is conducted in the article. It was done in a time domain on the basis of exponential function and in frequency domain on the basis of harmonic series and with application of theory of stationary stochastic process. The criteria of estimation of signal are grounded. Verification of mathematical models is conducted for the task of diagnostics of disease.
A rare case of Crohn’s disease with papilledema of the optic nerve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose A case of а thirty year old woman is described with Crohn’s disease who presented with ocular symptoms. Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, resulting in swelling and dysfunction of the intestinal tract. Methods The patient was examined for visual acuity, Оptical coherence tomography (OCT), automatic computerized perimetry (ACP) and fundoscopy. Except the intestinal manifestations peculiar for Crohn's Disease, in the patient were observed articular, dermatological manifestations (dermatitis and psoriasis of the forehead and the head). Results The patient examined presented with ocular changes, which is very uncommon with the disease. VOD = 1.0 +0,75 DS VOS = 1.0 +0,75 DS. We observed changes in the course of the conjunctival vessels, tortuosity and a light edema of the vessels. Similar changes were observed in the vessels of the posterior pole of the retina. We observed changes in the papilla of the optic nerve, which are unrecognized in literature. Under the OCT performed, we observed edema in the central areas of the optic nerves, more pronounced in the vascular funnel of the right eye ‐ 534 µm, and less pronounced in the left eye ‐ 356 µm. Under an ACP, we observed changes in the blind spot. Conclusion Generally, in ophthalmologic aspect, Crohn’s Disease affects episclera, cornea, conjunctiva, iris and uvea. There is presented a rare case of Crohn’s Disease with changes in the papilla of the optic nerve.
Proceedings of WSPCHS Symposium on Heterotaxy Echocardiography in Heterotaxy Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The important anatomic aspects of heterotaxy syndrome can be diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography in the newborn and infant. An organized approach and an understanding of asplenia (right atrial isomerism) and polysplenia (left atrial isomerism) are integral to the echocardiographic study. Detailed and precise depiction of the anatomy is the mainstay for staging subsequent medical and surgical management.
Older learning engagement in the modern city

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research employs novel techniques to examine older learners’ journeys, educationally and physically, in order to gain a ‘three-dimensional’ picture of lifelong learning in the modern urban context of Glasgow. The data offers preliminary analyses of an ongoing 1500 household survey by the Urban Big Data Centre (UBDC). A sample of 1037, with 377 older adults aged 60+, was examined to understand older learner engagement in formal, in-formal, non-formal and family-learning contexts. Preliminary findings indicate that all forms of older learning participation are lower than younger and middle-age counterparts. However, there is a subset of ‘actively ageing’, socially and technologically engaged older adult ‘learner-citizens’, participating in educational, physical, cultural, civic and online activities (including online political discussions and boycotts). These older learners were more likely to be working, caretakers and report better health overall. Long-term disabilities were associated with less engagement in non-formal learning activities. Additionally, engaged older learners’ GPS trails show more city activity than their matched non-learning-engaged counterparts. Place-based variables, such as feeling safe and belonging to the local area, moderated adult participation in learning activities. The full data-set will be accessible to researchers and the general public via UBDC, providing a complex data source to explore demographically diverse learners’ within an urban context.
Mechanism for enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics at the (La,Sr)CoO3−δ/(La,Sr)2CoO4+δ hetero-interface

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The recently reported fast oxygen reduction kinetics at the interface of (La,Sr)CoO 3-δ (LSC 113) and (La,Sr) 2CoO 4+δ (LSC 214) phases opened up new questions for the potential role of dissimilar interfaces in advanced cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Using first-principles based calculations in the framework of density functional theory, we quantitatively probed the possible mechanisms that govern the oxygen reduction activity enhancement at this hetero-interface as a model system. Our findings show that both the strongly anisotropic oxygen incorporation kinetics on the LSC 214 and the lattice strain in the vicinity of the interface are important contributors to such enhancement. The LSC 214(100) surface exposed to the ambient at the LSC 113/LSC 214 interface facilitates oxygen incorporation because the oxygen molecules very favorably adsorb onto it compared to the LSC 214(001) and LSC 113(001) surfaces, providing a large source term for oxygen incorporation. Lattice strain field present near the hetero-interface accelerates oxygen incorporation kinetics especially on the LSC 113(001) surface. At 500°C, 4 × 10 2 times faster oxygen incorporation kinetics are predicted in the vicinity of the LSC 113/LSC 214 hetero-interface with 50% Sr-doped LSC 214 compared to that on the single phase LSC 113(001) surface. Contributions from both the anisotropy and the local strain effects are of comparable magnitude. The insights obtained in this work suggest that hetero-structures, which have a large area of (100) surfaces and smaller thickness in the [001] direction of the Ruddlesden-Popper phases, and larger tensile strain near the interface would be promising for high-performance cathodes. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Asymptotically Normal Estimation of Local Latent Network Curvature

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Network data, commonly used throughout the physical, social, and biological sciences, consist of nodes (individuals) and the edges (interactions) between them. One way to represent network data's complex, high-dimensional structure is to embed the graph into a low-dimensional geometric space. The curvature of this space, in particular, provides insights about the structure in the graph, such as the propensity to form triangles or present tree-like structures. We derive an estimating function for curvature based on triangle side lengths and the length of the midpoint of a side to the opposing corner. We construct an estimator where the only input is a distance matrix and also establish asymptotic normality. We next introduce a novel latent distance matrix estimator for networks and an efficient algorithm to compute the estimate via solving iterative quadratic programs. We apply this method to the Los Alamos National Laboratory Unified Network and Host dataset and show how curvature estimates can be used to detect a red-team attack faster than naive methods, as well as discover non-constant latent curvature in co-authorship networks in physics. The code for this paper is available at https://github.com/SteveJWR/netcurve, and the methods are implemented in the R package https://github.com/SteveJWR/lolaR.
Performing (ancient) Greek modernism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In post-1950 Greek culture, ancient Greek drama emerged, and was canonised, as a national art form with strong aspirations to arouse international interest and to win worldwide recognition. Through the newly established international Festivals of Athens and Epidaurus, ancient Greek drama was promoted as the carrier of universal humanist values. This chapter focuses on elements of performance that marked the relationship and argues that essentially reflected shared notions and ideas that could easily be grasped by the Greek audience of the period. It presents a conceptual and perceptual performance space, in which Greek modernist music and ancient drama performances of the 1960s and 1970s met. Roland Barthes's concept of myth provides a framework for approaching the cross-fertilisation between Greek modernist music and contemporary productions of ancient drama. Many of the ancient drama productions with incidental music by Greek modernist composers started with an atonal soundscape made by either electronic sounds or extended instrumental techniques.
All that glitters is not gold: the re-use of securities collateral as a source of systemic risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since the 1980s, regulators in the U.S. and the U.K. have protected the collateral taker’s right to re-use securities collateral in securities financing and OTC derivatives markets on the understanding that it would promote liquidity and credit growth, and reduce systemic risk. However, this rationale was incomplete: it failed to acknowledge the full implications of collateral re-use for systemic risk. In this dissertation, I aim to complete that understanding by illustrating how the re-use of securities collateral in those markets can aggravate systemic risk. In particular, I describe two effects. First, re-using securities collateral multiplies the number of market participants that will be exposed to changes in the price of the collateral asset and can thus amplify the role of asset prices as channels of contagion. Second, by conferring a right to re-use, the collateral provider will effectively waive its proprietary interests in the collateral assets and retain a mere contractual claim against the collateral taker for the return of equivalent securities. This transformation will accentuate the incentive of the collateral provider to run from an over-collateralised collateral taker if the latter were to experience financial difficulty. Information asymmetries and a lack of coordination among collateral providers could push the collateral taker over the brink of insolvency. These risks pose an obvious question for regulators: what should we do about collateral re-use? At a time when international bodies are drawing their attention to this widespread market practice, the question is an invitation to a very timely reflection. The final chapter of the dissertation offers an answer to this question and assesses the potential efficacy of the most recent regulatory initiatives in relation to collateral re-use.
Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe oleracea Mart.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM) and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM) and 2iP (12.30 muM). The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.
Holy War, Holy Relics, Holy Theft: The Anonymous of Soissons's "De terra Iherosolimitana": An Analysis, Edition, and Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the more overlooked sources for the Fourth Crusade (1201-1204) is the De terra Iherosolimitana et quomodo ab urbe Constantinopolitana ad hanc ecclesiam aliate sunt reliquie by an author known simply as the Anonymous of Soissons.1 Preserved in a single manuscript at the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris,2 the work was originally edited and published by Alexander Poquet in 1856.3 Two decades later, Paul Riant reprinted it in Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, a collection of texts relating to the holy relics of Constantinople that were carried to the West in the wake of the Fourth Crusade.4 Because of the unavailability of both
Mobile Graphical User Interface with People with Verbal Communication Disorders

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the approach and decisions made towards building an accessible user interface for users with verbal and written communication disorders, coupled with intellectual deficiencies or conditions like Autistic Spectrum Disorders, and presents the design of the user interface (IU) of TESI Tool, an adaptive and easy-to-use software solution that aims to enrich their personal expression opportunities. The requirements are extracted from both existing research on designing accessible software and from the feedback of pedagogical professionals. The findings are applied in practice to create the user interface of TESI Tool. Illustrations of key screens of the user interface are presented. It is implied that the features of the UI of TESI tool can be successfully applied to improving overall accessibility of graphical user interface for people with other perception and expression deficiencies.
Hamel‐isomorphic images of the unit ball

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this article we consider linear isomorphisms over the field of rational numbers between the linear spaces ℝ 2 and ℝ. We prove that if f is such an isomorphism, then the image by f of the unit disk is a strictly nonmeasurable subset of the real line, which has different properties than classical non‐measurable subsets of reals. We shall also consider the question whether all images of bounded measurable subsets of the plane via a such mapping are non‐measurable (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes and Microbotryales, Basidiomycota) in Panama.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is the first publication dedicated to the diversity of smut fungi in Panama based on field work, the study of herbarium specimens, and references taken from literature. It includes smuts parasitizing cultivated and wild plants. The latter are mostly found in rural vegetation. Among the 24 species cited here, 14 species are recorded for the first time for Panama. One of them, Sporisorium ovarium, is observed for the first time in Central America. Entyloma spilanthis is found on the host species Acmella papposa var. macrophylla (Asteraceae) for the first time. Entyloma costaricense and Entyloma ecuadorense are considered synonyms of Entyloma compositarum and Entyloma spilanthis respectively. For the new combination Sponsorium panamensis see note at the end of this publication. Descriptions of the species are complemented by some illustrations, a checklist, and a key.
Opposite response to hypoxia by breast cancer cells between cell proliferation and cell migration: A clue from microRNA expression profile

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The majority of tumors possess the features of hypoxia. It is generally accepted that hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor for cancer. Low levels of oxygen are able to modify basic cell metabolism status. Elucidating the basic response, including cell proliferation and migration, to hypoxia by cancer cells is important for understanding the role of hypoxia in the development of cancer. In the present study, CoCl2 stimulation was used to simulate hypoxia. A microRNA (miRNA/miR) array was used to systematically detect the changes in miRNA expression profiles. Following treatment with CoCl2 for 12 h, 15 miRNAs were markedly upregulated and 10 miRNAs were markedly decreased compared with the control. After 24 h CoCl2 incubation, 15 miRNAs were increased and 3 miRNAs were decreased compared with the control. Among them, 7 miRNAs were upregulated and 2 miRNAs were downregulated at 12 and 24 h following CoCl2 stimulation. The potential roles of these miRNA were reviewed and it was identified that the majority of them are associated with cell proliferation and migration. Additional experiments demonstrated that CoCl2 incubation inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells but promoted cell migration. miR-491 may be a key miRNA for hypoxia-inhibited cell proliferation, as it was identified that hypoxia induced the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-extra large in a miR-491-dependent manner. As the target of miR-302a, CXCR4 may be a key protein for hypoxia-promoted cell migration. In the present study, it was identified that in the early stage of hypoxia, cell proliferation was inhibited but cell migration was promoted. These results support the hypothesis that hypoxia may be a driving force for tumor cell escape from the primary tumor site to other organs, or other sites of the same organ.
The Changes of Secondary Forests deu to the Decline in Farm Forest Type Usage on the Tama Hills

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

多摩丘陵の二次林の農用林的利用衰退と植生変化の関係について考察した。現在の二次林の植生は種組成と相観から, 林冠の2つの型と林床構造の3つの型の組合せによる落葉広葉樹林6タイプと常緑広葉樹林1タイプの合計7タイプ (3林冠型と7林床型) に区分された。林冠型・林床型の分布と斜面方位と傾斜, 最終伐採年代との関係の分析から, 林冠部の植生変化としてS.40年代以降に伐採された針葉樹の植林の一部, S.50年代以降に伐採された北緩斜面, 南急斜面のコナラ, クヌギの優占する林分での伐採後の管理衰退による薪炭利用に不適な樹種の混生する林分への変化, 林床部での変化として下刈り管理の衰退による林床植物の高密化が明らかとなった。
Literatura y teoría: el apostolado de Desiderio Navarro

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to understand the legacy of Cuban intellectual Desiderio Navarro from his activity as an editor, translator, and cultural promoter. Navarro’s outstanding contributions to literary and cultural theory were enhanced by his foundation of the Criterios Cultural Center, in La Habana, as well as the journal of the same name. His translations from twenty languages added to a widely recognized trajectory as a theorist and critic. His anthology of Russian authors was conceived to represent a variety of theorical perspectives on language, literature, history, and society, from semiotic criticism to ideological indoctrination. This showed the various dimensions of a debate on Stalinism, its critique, and the discourses on proletarian culture during the Soviet era. Navarro’s selection of texts showed the existence of an implicit dialogue, but also made possible a critical and even sarcastic interpretation of its multiple components.
a web-based tool for miRNA and Genes Integrated Analysis. Nucleic Acids Res

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MAGIA (miRNA and genes integrated analysis) is a novel web tool for the integrative analysis of target predictions, miRNA and gene expression data. MAGIA is divided into two parts: the query section allows the user to retrieve and browse updated miRNA target predictions computed with a number of different algorithms (PITA, miRanda and Target Scan) and Boolean combinations thereof. The analysis section comprises a multistep procedure for (i) direct integration through different functional measures (parametric and non-parametric correl-ation indexes, a variational Bayesian model, mutual information and a meta-analysis approach based on P-value combination) of mRNA and miRNA expres-sion data, (ii) construction of bipartite regulatory network of the best miRNA and mRNA putative interactions and (iii) retrieval of information available in several public databases of genes, miRNAs and diseases and via scientific literature text-mining. MAGIA is freely available for Academic users at
MND Phenotypes Differentiation: The Role of Multimodal Characterization at the Time of Diagnosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Pure/predominant upper motor neuron (pUMN) and lower motor neuron (pLMN) diseases have significantly better prognosis compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but their early differentiation is often challenging. We therefore tested whether a multimodal characterization approach embedding clinical, cognitive/behavioral, genetic, and neurophysiological data may improve the differentiation of pUMN and pLMN from ALS already by the time of diagnosis. Dunn’s and chi-squared tests were used to compare data from 41 ALS, 34 pLMN, and 19 pUMN cases with diagnoses confirmed throughout a 2-year observation period. Area under the curve (AUC) analyses were implemented to identify the finest tools for phenotypes discrimination. Relative to ALS, pLMN showed greater lower limbs weakness, lower UMN burden, and progression rate (p < 0.001–0.04). PUMN showed a greater frequency of lower limbs onset, higher UMN burden, lower ALSFRS-r and MRC progression rates (p < 0.001–0.03), and greater ulnar compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and tibial central motor conduction time (CMCT) (p = 0.05–0.03). The UMN progression rate was the finest measure to identify pLMN cases (AUC = 90%), while the MRC progression rate was the finest tool to identify pUMN (AUC = 82%). Detailed clinical and neurophysiological examinations may significantly improve MNDs differentiation, facilitating prognosis estimation and ameliorating stratification strategies for clinical trials enrollment.