jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pulping Conditions on the Properties of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus NigraArnold SSP.Pallassiana) Kraft Pulps

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Anatolian Black Pine wood chips were pulped using kraft method in laboratory scale batch digester. A series of experimental kraft pulping was carried out according to Central Composite Design (CCD) to investigate the pulping process and to study the effect of its variables (active alkali rate, sulphidity rate and Vroom's H-factor combining temperature and time) on pulp quality and yield. Second order polynomial regression equations using three independent process variables, were found to be approprite for describing kraft pulping of Anatolian Black Pine wood fibers. The derived equations were able to predict the kappa number, viscosity, yield, holocellulose and α-cellulose content of the pulp with adjusted R2 values of 96.1%, 96.8%, 86.3%, 62.5%, 96.1% and 92.2% respectively. H-factor level and the active alkali charge are the most strongly influcing all the dependent variables. In order to obtain acceptable levels of the pulp properties, high sulphidity rate (45%), medium H-factor (1600) and medium alkali concentration (18%) can be used in kraft pulping of Anatolian Black Pine woods.
Psychological Problem in Pediatric Disorder of Sex Development Patient and Relatives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Disorder of sexual development (DSD) is one of challenging disorder that has tobe done clinically and physiologically. The patients and relatives may experiencevarious psychosocial problems that have an impact on their live. The aim of thisstudy is to look at psychological problem in children with DSD and their relatives.A systematic search was conducted in PubMed for articles representinginformation on psychological problem to the patient and their relatives. Relevantdata were extracted and narratively reviewed. The result of this review can beused as basic data in the development of counselling program for the patientsand their relatives.
An Algorithm of Detecting and Defending CC Attack in Real Time

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The basic principle of CC attack is analyzed, then an algorithm of detecting and defending CC attack is proposed. Based on the characteristic of web page's random distribution is destroyed by CC attack, the algorithm detects the attack occurring in real time according to the theory of information entropy, finds attack sources and blocks attack connection by taking the technology of HTTP redirection and Cookie. Finally a detection and defense system for CC attack based on netfilter framework is designed and implemented. Experimental results show that the accuracy, reliability and practicality of the algorithm are good.
An Ounce of Prediction is Worth a Pound of Cure: Risk Calculators in Breast Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Preoperative risk calculators provide individualized risk assessment and stratification for surgical patients. Recently, several general surgery–derived models have been applied to the plastic surgery patient population, and several plastic surgery–specific calculators have been developed. In this scoping review, the authors aimed to identify and critically appraise risk calculators implemented in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Included studies described the development of a novel risk calculator, or validation of an existing calculator, in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Results: In total, 4641 studies met criteria for title and abstract screening. Forty-seven were eligible for full-text review, and 28 met final inclusion criteria. The most common risk calculators included the Breast Reconstruction Risk Assessment score (n = 6 studies), modified frailty index (n = 3), Caprini score (n = 3), and ACS NSQIP calculator (n = 2). Calculators were applied to institutional data (n = 17), NSQIP (n = 6), and Tracking Outcomes in Plastic Surgery (n = 1) databases. Predicted outcomes included general postoperative complications (n = 17), venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism (n = 4), infection (n = 2), and patient reported outcomes (n = 2). Model accuracy was reported in 18 studies, and it varied significantly (accurate risk calculator 0.49–0.85). Conclusions: This is the first study to provide a systematic review of available risk calculators for breast reconstruction. Models vary significantly in their statistical basis, predicted outcomes, and overall accuracy. Risk calculators are valuable tools that may aid in individualized risk assessments, preoperative counseling, and expectation management in breast reconstruction.
Clinical and immunological assessment of high dose combination therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in the haematological malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The studies described were performed on samples obtained from patients undergoing high dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation at University College and Middlesex Hospital School of Medicine between 1986 and 1989. Since 1981 a total of 227 patients have undergone autologous bone marrow transplantation for the haematological malignancies acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and are available for analysis of clinical results. The clinical results obtained in each patient group are described in the first chapter.
THE STRENGTH OF MS MEDIA AND STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE ON RED DRAGONFRUIT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) SEED GERMINATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research aimed to findout efficient sterilization method and MS media to germinate dragonfruit seeds in vitro , conducting at Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Tadulako University, using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was sterilization technique (S), i.e : S1 (The sliced fruit was washed with sterile distilled water three times, then rinsed in Bayclin (household bleach containing 5.25% NaOCl) 5% for 15 minutes, followed by washing in sterile distilled water three times. S2 (The seeds were taken from the fruit meat, then rinsed in 5% Bayclin for 15 minutes, then washed with sterile distilled water three times. S3 (The seeds were taken from the fruit meat, then rinsed in 15% Bayclin for 15 minutes, then washed with sterile distilled water three times. The second factor was the strength of MS media (M), i.e full strength MS (M1) and half strength MS for macro and micro nutrients (M2). Each treatment combination consisted of 35 seeds, and was replicated three times. Germination responses were observed as time to germinate, germination percentage and percentage of opened cotyledone seedlings. All datas were subjected to Analysis of Variance and the mean differences among the treatments were analyzed using Honest Significant Difference (HSD) at the level of 1%. The results showed that removing seed pulp, prior to rinsing the seeds in 15% Bayclin for 15 minutes followed by washing in sterile aquadest three times, and cultured in half MS produce the fastest and highest seed germination of 99.05% with 92.38% opened cotyledon seedlings after 2 weeks in culture. Key Words: Dragonfruit, germination, in vitro, MS strength, sterilization.
Prospective phase II study of post-surgical adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy using autologous dendritic cells and activated killer cells from tissue culture of tumor-draining lymph nodes in primary lung cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adoptive transfer of activated killer cells and dendritic cells from the tumor-draining lymph nodes of primary lung cancer patients is feasible and safe, and a large-scale multi-institutional study is necessary for evaluation of the efficacy of this treatment.
Characteristics of Slowly Cooled Zr-Al-Cu-Ni Bulk Samples with Different Oxygen Content

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Bulk samples of the glass-forming Zr 65 Al 75 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 and Zr 55 Al 10 Cu 30 Ni 5 alloys with 3 mm diameter were prepared by die casting into a copper mould. The oxygen content of the samples was varied between 0.26 at.% and 0.73 at.% by adjusting the oxygen partial pressure in the argon atmosphere upon casting. Characterization of the microstructure of as-cast samples and of specimens continuously heated to 873 K was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal stability was investigated by constant-rate differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase formation and the thermal stability of the slowly cooled zirconium-based bulk samples are essentially influenced by the oxygen content of the material. Furthermore, the sensitivity to oxygen depends on the composition of the alloy. In bulk Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 samples only small oxygen traces induce nucleation and crystal growth during slow cooling whereas Zr 55 Al 10 Cu 30 Ni 5 samples are completely amorphous for all oxygen contents investigated. The processes of the oxygen-induced phase formation are discussed in detail also with respect to the results obtained for the heat treated samples. With increasing oxygen content the thermal stability deteriorates, as it is obvious from a diminution of the supercooled liquid region (ΔT x = T x - T g ) which is mainly due to a reduction of the crystallization temperature T x . Furthermore, the thermal behaviour of Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 and Zr 55 Al 10 Cu 30 Ni 5 reveals significant differences.
Treatment of local complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recently revised Atlanta classification addresses the clinical presentation, types, and (clinical and morphologic) complications of acute pancreatitis. Local complications are peripancreatic fluid collections, pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis (sterile or infected), pseudocyst, and walled-off necrosis (WON). Laparotomy with complete necrosectomy has long been the standard intervention in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who showed clinical deterioration. Recent studies have shown that the success rate of open necrosectomy has improved significantly (11–19%), probably due to better supportive care on the intensive care unit and optimal timing of surgery. Albeit rare, some acute abdominal complications in acute pancreatitis still require laparotomy. Several minimally invasive intervention strategies are available for drainage and/or debridement of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Percutaneous catheter drainage, percutaneous necrosectomy, video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD), laparoscopic necrosectomy, and endoscopic transluminal drainage and necrosectomy are all examples of minimally invasive interventions. In 2013, the IAP/APA evidence-based guideline for the management for acute pancreatitis was published.
Tkhelidze v. Georgia: Domestic Abuse and the European Court of Human Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract On 8 July 2021, in Tkhelidze v. Georgia , the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) added to its growing body of jurisprudence on domestic abuse. This case is noteworthy as being the first decision of the ECtHR on this issue since the Grand Chamber issued its judgment in Kurt v. Austria , the only domestic abuse case to date which has been heard by the Grand Chamber. In its judgment, the Grand Chamber set out a number of general principles to be applied in such cases, and these principles were subsequently applied in Tkhelidze . The decision in Tkhelidze also highlighted that a procedural breach of article 2 can be established by a lack of an effective investigation into the failings of state authorities to respond sufficiently to domestic abuse.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Potentiation Inhibits Learning in a Computational Network Model

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Propofol produces memory impairment at concentrations well below those abolishing consciousness. Episodic memory, mediated by the hippocampus, is most sensitive. Two potentially overlapping scenarios may explain how γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA A ) potentiation by propofol disrupts episodic memory—the first mediated by shifting the balance from excitation to inhibition while the second involves disruption of rhythmic oscillations. We use a hippocampal network model to explore these scenarios. The basis for these experiments is the proposal that the brain represents memories as groups of anatomically dispersed strongly connected neurons. Methods A neuronal network with connections modified by synaptic plasticity was exposed to patterned stimuli, after which spiking output demonstrated evidence of stimulus-related neuronal group development analogous to memory formation. The effect of GABA A potentiation on this memory model was studied in 100 unique networks. Results GABA A potentiation consistent with moderate propofol effects reduced neuronal group size formed in response to a patterned stimulus by around 70%. Concurrently, accuracy of a Bayesian classifier in identifying learned patterns in the network output was reduced. Greater potentiation led to near total failure of group formation. Theta rhythm variations had no effect on group size or classifier accuracy. Conclusions Memory formation is widely thought to depend on changes in neuronal connection strengths during learning that enable neuronal groups to respond with greater facility to familiar stimuli. This experiment suggests the ability to form such groups is sensitive to alteration in the balance between excitation and inhibition such as that resulting from administration of a γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated anesthetic agent.
Polish midwives and lactation care – development opportunities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction. Providing lactation care and promoting breastfeeding are indispensable tasks of a midwife. Natural feeding can create numerous problems, which means that the constant updating and expanding knowledge and competence of midwives in the matter of lactation is included in the role of a midwife. It can also be an interesting career path. Aim. The aim of the work is to present the opportunities for professional development of a midwife in the field of lactation in Poland as part of postgraduate education. Conclusions. Lactation Educator – a specialist course organised by the Centre for Postgraduate Training of Nurses and Midwives “Education and Support of Women in Lactation” which enables to work as a lactation educator. Certified Lactation Consultant – a course organized by the Lactation Science Centre “Problems in lactation”. The title of Certified Lactation Consultant confirms that the midwife has acquired the appropriate knowledge and skills to professionally and responsibly conduct specialist lactation counselling. International Certified Breastfeeding Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) – IBCLC has the appropriate knowledge of and skills in supporting nursing women, confirmed by an international examination entitled to work in the field of lactation worldwide.
Production of YY rainbow trout males by self-fertilization of induced hermaphrodites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dietary administration of various estrogens for three months from swim-up stage resulted in excess of females, the remainder of the treated groups consisting of males and hermaphrodites. Mature hermaphrodites were self-fertilized or mated with standard males and females. These hermaphrodites and some of the estrogen-treated females proved to be genetic males; the frequencies of males obtained from their ova averaged 76.6%, suggesting viability of the YY genotype. Four of nine tested males of those progenies provided all male offspring when mated with standard females.
UDC 811.111+378.147 TRANSLATION IN THE ESP TEACHING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The paper seeks to discuss integration of ESP and translation in the teaching context, and suggest innovative methods. It is an exploration of finding better ways of integrity of both fields (specific content knowledge and teaching) in order to achieve better, more efficient results in teaching language used in a specific domain. On the one hand ESP teaching refers to specific knowledge and on the other hand to specific language skills (use of specific vocabulary, grammar structures etc.), implementing translation in the teaching process supports interdisciplinary character of ESP teaching and optimize the teaching process linking both aspects of ESP. Previous research on the subject is presented and confronted in the article. In the final part of the article, the author discusses the possible solutions to the established challenges.
Near-field excitation and near-field detection of propagating surface plasmon polaritons on Au waveguide structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The propagation of surface plasmon polaritons guided along Au metal waveguides fabricated by electron-beam lithography is experimentally investigated using simultaneous near-field excitation and detection of plasmon-polariton modes localized at the air/Au interface. The directly measured propagation characteristics of surface plasmon-polaritons agree well with simulation results obtained using full-vector calculations and the analytic dispersion of asymmetric plasmonic waveguides for thin Au films. Our results demonstrate that near-field excitation/detection schemes are well suited for direct imaging and characterization of propagating surface plasmon-fields bound to thin-film metal layers, and can be used for fast and reliable characterization of plasmonic waveguide elements and nanodevices.
Probiotic Strains Used in Aquaculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing agricultural sector in the world which has been constrained by several factors.Infectious disease is a key limitations to the sustainable development of aquaculture sector.This paper reviewed the application and efficiency of probiotic microorganisms in aquaculture to prevent infectious diseases and their effects on fish immunology.Information was collected from different secondary sources like journals, reports, articles and electronic media and arranged chronologically.The study reveals that, currently, many probiotic products extracted from different species of bacteria including Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Carnobacterium sp., Enterococcus sp. and a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are commercially available for use in aquaculture.Probiotics have gained popularity in aquaculture as an alternative to the antibiotic in the prevention of infectious diseases of fish because probiotics are eco-friendly.This review also shows that, probiotics have significant effect on growth rate, feed utilization capacity and the immune performance of finfish, shrimp, prawns and crabs in aquaculture.Probiotics are able to interfere with colonization of harmful pathogens and to improve the water quality through decomposition of uneaten food materials, nitrate and other organic materials.
Evaluation of list-mode ordered subset expectation maximization image reconstruction for pixelated solid-state compton gamma camera with large number of channels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Voxel Imaging PET (VIP) Pathfinder project intends to show the advantages of using pixelated solid-state technology for nuclear medicine applications. It proposes designs for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) and Compton gamma camera detectors with a large number of signal channels (of the order of 106). For Compton camera, especially with a large number of readout channels, image reconstruction presents a big challenge. In this work, results are presented for the List-Mode Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (LM-OSEM) image reconstruction algorithm on simulated data with the VIP Compton camera design. For the simulation, all realistic contributions to the spatial resolution are taken into account, including the Doppler broadening effect. The results show that even with a straightforward implementation of LM-OSEM, good images can be obtained for the proposed Compton camera design. Results are shown for various phantoms, including extended sources and with a distance between the field of view and the first detector plane equal to 100 mm which corresponds to a realistic nuclear medicine environment.
Radiological and Hormonal Responses of Functioning Pituitary Adenomas after γ Knife Radiosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we examined patients with functioning pituitary adenoma that underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS). In particular, we assessed the effects of GKS on the growth and endocrinological response of the functioning pituitary adenoma. Forty-two cases of functioning pituitary adenoma treated with GKS were analyzed. The mean follow-up duration was 42.5 months (range 6 - 98), and the mean tumor volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range 0.1 - 3.8). Multiple isocenters, ranging from 1 to 6 in number (mean 2.7), were used. The tumor margin was covered by an isodose ranging from 50 to 90%. The margin dose was 18 to 40 Gy (mean 28.5) and the maximum dose varied from 35 to 80 Gy (mean 54.1). Tumor growth was controlled in 96.9% of the cases and tumor shrinkage occurred in 40.6% of the cases. Hormonal response was observed in 35 of the 42 (83.3%) patients after GKS, with a mean duration of 6.8 months. Sixteen of the 42 (38.1%) patients showed hormonal normalization, with a mean duration of 21 months. In our multivariate analysis, high integral dosage (p=0.005) and maximum dosage (p=0.001) correlated significantly with hormonal normalization. For patients with functioning pituitary adenoma, GKS can be effective in controlling tumor growth and inducing hormonal normalization, especially if patients are reluctant to undergo surgical resection, or are not able to undergo microsurgery under general anesthesia. It appears that early hormonal normalization can be induced by high maximum dosage (at least 50 Gy) and broad coverage of the target volume within the isodose curve, while keeping the maximum dose to the visual pathways below 9 Gy.
Expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase and synthesis of hemoglobin in human erythroleukemia K562 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPOX), the sixth enzyme in the heme‐biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrinogen and is located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. To clarify the importance of CPOX in the regulation of heme biosynthesis in erythroid cells, we established human erythroleukemia K562 cells stably expressing mouse CPOX. The CPOX cDNA‐transfected cells had sevenfold higher CPOX activity than cells transfected with vector only. Expression of ferrochelatase and heme content in the transfected cells increased slightly compared with the control. When K562 cells overexpressing CPOX were treated with δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), most became benzidine‐positive without induction of the expression of CPOX or ferrochelatase, and the heme content was about twofold higher than that in ALA‐treated control cells. Increases in cellular heme concomitant with a marked induction of the expression of heme‐biosynthetic enzymes, including CPOX, ferrochelatase and erythroid‐specific δ‐aminolevulinic acid synthase, as well as of α‐globin synthesis, were observed when cells were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β1. These increases in the transfected cells were twice those in control cells, indicating that overexpression of CPOX enhanced induction of the differentiation of K562 cells mediated by TGFβ1 or ALA. Conversely, the transfection of antisense oligonucleotide to human CPOX mRNA into untreated and TGFβ1‐treated K562 cells led to a decrease in heme production compared with sense oligonucleotide‐transfected cells. These results suggest that CPOX plays an important role in the regulation of heme biosynthesis during erythroid differentiation.