jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ethidium Bromide and SYBR Green I Interact with Lipid Micelles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ethidium Bromide and SYBR Green I are usual examples of ligands that specifically binds to DNA by intercalation. Here we describe that micelles of gangliosides, a lipidic family of sialoglycosphingolipids which are the most important lipids in central nervous system, are able to interact with both, EtBr and SYBR Green I and fluoresce after UV light excitation. The interaction is not affected by the presence of high saline concentration (1M NaCl), a condition which dissociate potential electrostatic interaction between amino and carboxylic acid groups present in EtBr and GM1 respectively; instead, increase the fluorescense of EtBr/GM1 micelles. This result suggests that the EtBr is located inside the hydrophobic core of the micelle. Moreover, the SYBR Green I associated ganglioside micelles does not emit green light as with DNA, but there was a change in the light spectrum towards higher wave lengths, now emittingorange light. It was also found that the interaction with these dyes is not affected when the micelles were preloaded with other molecules (paclitaxel albumin). Moreover, further studies showed that this interaction is not observedwith other ionic and nonionic classic detergent micelles, and even the addition of these molecules to GM1 micelles interferes with the described EtBr / GM1 interaction.
Adenoma detection by Endocuff-assisted versus standard colonoscopy in routine practice: a cluster-randomised crossover trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Endocuff Vision (ECV) is the second generation of a device designed to improve polyp detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate its impact on adenoma detection rate (ADR) in routine colonoscopy. Design This cluster-randomised crossover trial compared Endocuff-assisted (ECV+) with standard (ECV-) colonoscopy. Two teams of 11 endoscopists each with prior ECV experience, balanced in terms of basal ADR, gender and case volume were compared. In randomised fashion, the teams started with ECV+ or ECV- and switched group after inclusion of half of the cases. The main outcome criterion was ADR difference between ECV+ and ECV-. Subgroup analysis was done for physicians with low and high ADR (< or ≥ 25%). Results During two periods of 20 and 21 weeks, respectively, the 22 endoscopists included 2058 patients (1032 ECV- vs 1026 ECV+, both groups being comparable). Overall ADR for both groups taken together was higher with ECV (39.2%) than without (29.4%; p<0.001) irrespective of the sequence of use (ECV+ or ECV- first), but mostly in adenomas <1 cm. In the physician subgroup analysis, only high detectors showed a significant ADR increase (from 31% to 41%, p<0.001), while the increase in the low detectors was not significant (from 24% to 30%, p=0.11). ECV had a positive impact in all colonic locations, except for the rectum. No ECV- related complication was reported. Conclusion We observed a significant ADR difference of approximately 10% by the use of ECV. By subgroup analysis, this increase was significant only in physicians classified as high detectors. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03344055 ).
Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The routing protocol allows routing data from source to destination through intermediate nodes up to the sink.In the hierarchical routing based on the clustering, every cluster head node forms its cluster with their neighbor nodes.The cluster heads are responsible of their clusters.In fact they coordinate between nodes in the cluster for intra-cluster communication and route data to the other clusters for inter-cluster communication.In this article we propose a centralized and periodic protocol named Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol (ECRP).Our protocol is based on a modified version of CLARANS algorithm; it takes into account the location and the remaining energy of the sensor nodes to divide the sensed area to disjoint and balanced clusters.The simulation results show that the proposed protocol is more efficient than the existing hierarchical protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption.
Appropriate Media for Noodles to Increase Food Consumption in School-Age Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lack of mineral and vitamin intake, especially from fruit and vegetable consumption at school age, can increase the risk of illness, impaired growth and development, and impaired adaptation to environmental hazards. This study aims to analyze the effect of educational media with processed noodles on the acceptance and consumption of vegetables and fruit in elementary school children. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with a pre and post design approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using a Comstock visual checklist sheet and a recall form to see vegetable and fruit consumption. The results show that using educational media with processed noodles can increase the acceptance of fruit and vegetable consumption in school-age children. The composition of nutrients in each processed vegetable and fruit noodle is quite complete and balanced.
Bertrand Competition with Non-rigid Capacity Constraints

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: We examine a model of Bertrand competition with non-rigid ca-pacity constraints, so that by incurring an additional cost, firms can produce beyond capacity. We find that there is an interval of prices such that a price can be sustained as a pure strategy Nash equilibrium if and only if it lies in this interval. We then examine the properties of this set as (a) the number of firms becomes large and (b) the capacity cost increases.
Transforming Enterprises through UAF Strategic Planning: Frameworks and Best Practices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research investigates how the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) can be leveraged to transform enterprise strategic planning, focusing on the application of UAF frameworks and best practices to drive organizational success.It provides an overview of UAF's comprehensive methodology, detailing its various viewpoints and models that facilitate alignment between business objectives and IT infrastructure.The paper examines how UAF supports effective decision-making, enhances organizational agility, and improves risk management through a structured approach.Through case studies and practical examples, the paper illustrates successful implementations of UAF, highlighting the benefits and challenges encountered.It offers actionable insights into best practices for integrating UAF into existing strategic planning processes, including strategies for overcoming common obstacles and maximizing the framework's potential.The discussion extends to future perspectives, addressing emerging trends and technological advancements that could influence UAF's evolution and application.Overall, the paper underscores the transformative impact of UAF on enterprise strategic planning, providing a roadmap for organizations seeking to leverage the framework to achieve strategic alignment, innovation, and long-term success.The paper also delves into the practical aspects of adopting UAF, including the steps required for successful implementation.It covers critical considerations such as the need for comprehensive training and stakeholder engagement, the importance of tailoring UAF to fit specific organizational contexts, and the integration of UAF with existing tools and methodologies.Through detailed analysis, the paper identifies key success factors and common pitfalls, offering guidance on how to navigate these challenges effectively.Furthermore, the paper explores the future trajectory of UAF, emphasizing the potential for further refinement and adaptation in response to evolving business and technological landscapes.It highlights how emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and advanced data analytics, can be integrated into the UAF framework to enhance its capabilities.By addressing these future perspectives, the paper aims to provide a forwardlooking view of how UAF can continue to drive enterprise transformation and innovation in an increasingly complex and dynamic environment.
An attention-based deep network for plant disease classification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant disease classification using machine learning in a real agricultural field environment is a difficult task. Often, an automated plant disease diagnosis method might fail to capture and interpret discriminatory information due to small variations among leaf sub-categories. Yet, modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved decent success in discriminating various plant diseases using leave images. A few existing methods have applied additional pre-processing modules or sub-networks to tackle this challenge. Sometimes, the feature maps ignore partial information for holistic description by part-mining. A deep CNN that emphasizes integration of partial descriptiveness of leaf regions is proposed in this work. The efficacious attention mechanism is integrated with high-level feature map of a base CNN for enhancing feature representation. The proposed method focuses on important diseased areas in leaves, and employs an attention weighting scheme for utilizing useful neighborhood information. The proposed Attention-based network for Plant Disease Classification (APDC) method has achieved state-of-the-art performances on four public plant datasets containing visual/thermal images. The best top-1 accuracies attained by the proposed APDC are: PlantPathology 97.74%, PaddyCrop 99.62%, PaddyDoctor 99.65%, and PlantVillage 99.97%. These results justify the suitability of proposed method.
Identification of Group A Streptococci

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The fluorescent-antibody technique for identifying group A streptococci was compared with a standard precipitin method. When employedafter isolation on blood agar, definite agreement between the two techniques was obtained in 174 of 203 instances. Evaluation ofprimary identification by the fluorescent-antibody techniqueshowed agreement in 189 of 205 instances, but analysis of the 33 specimen pairs in which group A streptococci were identified by one or both techniques revealed agreement in only 17 instances. Primary isolation on a blood agar plate, followed by group identification by one of several available techniques, has the advantages of an easy method of screening out negative specimens and of providing quantitative information on positive specimens. These advantages seem to outweigh those of the more rapid but probably less definitive method of primary identification by the fluorescent-antibody technique.
Mapping the Quixotic Imagination: Madrid in Galdos's "Misericordia"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The project examines Pérez Galdós’s views on social regeneration of 19th-century Spain in one of his most acclaimed novels, “Misericordia”, by documenting the wanderings through 19th-century Madrid of the main characters of the novel through geolocation tools. The novel’s main character is a quixotic and self-sacrificing beggar who does not only challenge the cartographic power and the conceptualization of space imposed by a middle class seeking to control urban growth but also reappropriates civic values that had been robbed of all meaning by Spanish society at the time. From that perspective, “Misericordia” constitutes the writer’s ultimate vindication of the narrative genre as a space of dialogue to contribute to the ideological foundations of social progress in 19th-century Spain. The project employs tools such as Google Maps and ArcGIS to trace the character’s whereabouts, interactions, and ranges of emotions throughout the novel on the maps of 19th-century and contemporary Madrid, respectively, and documents how the characters’ material enrichment and social ascension are geographically traced as directly proportional to their spiritual (and physical) demise. Conversely, the protagonist undergoes a spiritual purification and finds the true meaning of charity in the suburban slums of Madrid. The multimedia nature of the project makes it a suitable medium to visualize two contending representations of the urban space: that of the 19th-century Spanish middle-class, and that of the marginalized, constantly struggling to expand the material and symbolic urban borders.
Gsk3β in palatal development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (Gsk‐3β) has multiple roles in development and disease. Gsk3β homozygous null mice have a complete cleft palate and can be rescued by restoring the endogenous Gsk‐3β activity. Gsk‐3β has regulatory roles in Wnt, PI3‐Kinase(PI3K), ILK and insulin signaling pathways. In order to investigate the specific signal that regulates the Gsk3β activity, we examined two potential upstream factors: PI3K and Wnt3a during palatal development. Materials and methods: E13.5 embryos were dissected from the pregnant females (CD1). The palatal shelves were placed in organ culture on filter paper with the nasal surface facing down. Tissues were cultured in BGJ b medium for 24hrs. PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 (1μM and 10μM) was added to some groups. Tissues were analyzed with western blots and immunofluorescent staining. Results: GSK3β and p‐Gsk3β (phosphorylated Gsk3β) were both expressed in palatal tissue at E13.5 and after 24hr culture. Previously, Wnt3a was reported to crosstalk with TGFβ signals to regulate palatal growth, but we did not detect Wnt3a protein. The PI3K inhibitor, did not change Gsk3β and p‐Gsk3β at the dose and time studied. Conclusion: Although PI3K was necessary for palatal fusion; Gsk3β does not change phosphorylation state in PI3K inhibitor treated palatal shelves in the first 24hr. This work is supported by March of Dimes Research grant (FY06‐321)
Using DHS to Identify Sites for HIV Prevention Trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recruiting high-risk, HIV-negative participants is challenging for HIV prevention trials. This study aimed to 1) identify and characterize subsets of high-risk women based on responses to demographic and psychosocial questions from the AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) and 2) develop a rapid, inexpensive tool for site identification. We developed a latent class model (LCM), hypothesizing that AIS respondents could be grouped by responses to psychosocial indicators, and that these latent classes would vary by HIV status, socio-demographic, and other indicators. We tested our model on women respondents from the Tanzania 2003 AIS Survey, and replicated it in several other populations. LCM produced four classes of women who significantly varied by psychosocial indicators and HIV status. Geographic differences in HIV prevalence and class composition were observed. Our approach has the potential to provide a more systematic, inexpensive and rapid strategy to identify HIV prevention trial sites.
Age and sex differences in the influence of attachment relationships on adolescent psychological health

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe quality of adolescent attachment with mothers, fathers, and peers, and the impact of these relationships on psychological health and self-esteem is examined in a sample of 615 high school students. Using an attachment theory perspective, it is argued that different attachment relationships have different affects on adjustment depending on age and gender. Results support the view that attachment develops in peer relationships before withdrawing from parental relationships in adolescence and that this process occurs at different ages and has different consequences for self-esteem and depression. Mother attachment had a greater impact on psychological adjustment for girls while father attachment had a greater impact for boys. It is concluded that while an attachment framework is useful for understanding developmental changes in relationship networks during adolescence, further individual difference and developmental factors may need to be considered.Keywords:: Adolescent attachmentPsychosocial health
A Scoping Review of Non-Communicable Diseases among the Workforce as a Threat to Global Peace and Security in Low-Middle Income Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continue to pose a threat to public health. Although their impact on the workforce is widely recognized, there needs to be more understanding of how NCDs affect peace and security, particularly in low-middle-income countries. To address this, we conducted a scoping review and presented a narrative to explore how NCDs in the workforce threaten peace and security. Out of 570 papers screened, 34 articles, comprising 26 peer review and 8 grey literature, met the study criteria. Our findings reveal that while no study has drawn a direct relationship between NCDs in the workforce in LMICs and peace and security, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between NCDs and economic growth on one hand and economic growth and peace and security on the other. Therefore, using economic growth as a proximal factor, our findings show three pathways that link NCDs in the workforce to peace and security: (i) NCDs lead to low productivity and poor economic growth, which can threaten public peace and security; (ii) NCDs in the workforce can result in long-term care needs, which then puts pressure on public resources and have implications for public expenditure on peace and security; and (iii) household expenditures on caring for a family member with an NCD can destabilize families and create an unfavourable condition that threatens peace and security. This research highlights the dual threat of NCDs to health and security, as they impact human resources and community structures crucial for peace and security. The results underscore the importance of considering the workplace as a strategic setting for NCD prevention, which will have long-term implications for economic growth and peace and security.
Serum alkaline phosphatase levels are associated with coronary artery calcification patterns and plaque vulnerability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with calcification patterns and plaque morphology detected by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Background ALP has been shown to predict vascular calcification and long‐term cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between ALP and vascular calcification patterns or plaque morphology remains unclear. Methods In total, 328 ACS patients who underwent IVUS examinations were screened from January 2017 to December 2018; among them, 234 eligible participants were grouped according to the tertiles of ALP levels (<68, 68–80, and >80 IU/L). Demographic data and IVUS parameters were documented and analyzed. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, independent associations were observed between ALP and the presence of coronary calcification, spotty calcification, minimum lumen area (MLA) ≤ 4.0 mm 2 , and plaque burden (PB) > 70%. Compared with the lowest ALP tertile group, the highest ALP group had higher risks of calcification (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.38–5.90; p = .005), spotty calcification (OR, 1.86; 95%CI, 1.09–3.84; p = .012), MLA≤4.0 mm 2 (OR, 3.32; 95%CI, 1.51–7.28; p = .003), and PB > 70% (OR, 4.59; 95%CI, 1.83–11.50; p = .001). Similar results were found when ALP was analyzed as a continuous variable or a category variate according to the cut‐off value determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Furthermore, the model including clinical factors and ALP significantly improved the predictive power for coronary calcification, spotty calcification, MLA≤4.0 mm 2 , and PB > 70%. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ALP may be a potential predictive biomarker for calcification and plaque vulnerability.
Automatic Package Router for Power Delivery Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An automatic package router capable of completing a realistic PDN route for an industrial quality package is presented. The routing algorithm is presented by describing the sub-operations and how they are combined to perform a completed package route for PDN studies. The extracted S-parameters of the auto-routed package are compared to those of a human-routed package using a commercial tool. The average pin resistance is within 1% and the average pin inductance is within 4%.
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Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

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On Clustering and Channel Disparity in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) allows multiple users to share a time-frequency resource block by using different power levels. An important challenge associated with NOMA is the selection of users that share a resource block. This is referred to as clustering, which generally exploits the channel disparity (i.e. distinctness) among the users. We discuss clustering and the related resource allocation challenges (e.g. power allocation) associated with NOMA and highlight open problems that require further investigation. We review the related literature on exploiting channel disparity for clustering and resource allocation. There have been several misconceptions regarding NOMA clustering including: 1) clustering users with low channel disparity is detrimental, 2) similar power allocation is disastrous for NOMA. We clarify such misunderstandings with numerical examples.