jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relative timing and controls on advanced argillic and conventional alteration of the Neoarchean Onaman volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Ontario, Canada

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits with advanced argillic alteration display characteristics typical of conventional VMS and high-sulfidation epithermal deposits. Unlike conventional VMS deposits, these “hybrid” VMS are interpreted to have formed through a magmatic fluid contribution to an evolved, seawater-dominated, hydrothermal system. The close spatial association of advanced argillic alteration assemblages with more typical chlorite–sericite assemblages in the same VMS deposit has implications for the controls on magmatic versus seawater convective systems that have not been previously addressed in the literature. The Neoarchean Onaman assemblage (ca. 2780–2769 Ma) in northwestern Ontario hosts a conventional base metal VMS system with chlorite–sericite alteration that is overprinted by argillic and advanced argillic alteration, now manifested as a metamorphosed zone of kyanite–chloritoid–calcite–Fe–chlorite, that is associated with a barren, pyritic VMS deposit. The change from typical to advanced argillic alteration occurred during, or immediately following, the deposition of a tonalite clast-bearing heterolithic breccia, which recorded the uplift and subaerial exposure of the larger volcanic edifice. We postulate that the reactivation of synvolcanic structures during uplift, concomitant localized subsidence, and magmatism enhanced cross-stratal permeability and allowed for a direct magmatic volatile input into, or overprint on, an evolved seawater-dominated hydrothermal system. Our results suggest that geodynamic regimes exert a strong local, and possibly regional, control on the style, timing, and fluid characteristics of VMS hydrothermal systems. The association of advanced argillic alteration with barren pyritic massive sulfide also suggests that magmatic volatile input alone is not sufficient to enrich VMS systems in gold. This interpretation is consistent with observations from other magmatic–hydrothermal systems such as porphyry and epithermal deposits.
IMPACT OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (BRT) ON PASSENGERS' SATISFACTION IN LAGOS METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As cities attempt to address their urban mobility problems, the alternative transportation options emerge. In recent years, one of these options is the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT). It is in the light of this, that the paper examined the impact of BRT on passengers' satisfaction in Lagos Metropolis. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire that was administered using simple random sampling technique. Also, secondary data were used. Findings revealed that less than average of the passengers were satisfied with the BRT system while some were fully dissatisfied. The paper concluded that BRT can be a practical and technical alternative to highway reconstruction. Therefore there is need to: ensure greater coordination with local planning and operating agencies for the purpose of identifying BRT potentials; conduct research, develop operational techniques and promote the use of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technology to enable safe and efficient deployment of BRT.
Profitability of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities from the Perspective of Corporate Social Managers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to determine the intensity of CSR activities undertaken by enterprises in Poland and to assess their profitability in terms of stakeholder groups. Design/Methodology/Approach: Questionnaire surveys were conducted on a representative group (by size and sectors of the economy) of 722 large and medium-sized enterprises in Poland in 2019. Respondents were CSR managers, among which three groups of people were identified for whom managing CSR is the only responsibility, is one of the basic responsibilities, CSR activities are one of the many responsibilities. The research hypotheses set out in the article regarding the intensity and profitability of CSR activities directed at individual stakeholders, as well as the complementarity of these activities and the characteristics of the respondents that differentiate their responses, were verified using arithmetic means, Pearson correlation coefficients and Chi-squared test. Findings: Research results indicate that enterprises direct CSR activities to primary stakeholders in the first place. Also, the profitability of CSR activities is usually higher valued in the case of primary stakeholders, while activities directed to the local community and the natural environment received higher ratings than activities directed at public authorities and capital providers. Respondents treat CSR activities directed at all stakeholders as complementary. The respondents' strongest opinions about the orientation of CSR activities and their profitability differentiate the workplace next is sector of the economy and the size of the enterprise has the least difference in assessment. Practical Implications: The results obtained encourage corrections of strategic directions of CSR activities, in the form of an increase in the importance (intensity) of CSR activities directed to local communities and the natural environment. Originality/Value: The research presented is so innovative that CSR managers were selected as the group of respondents. Assuming that the directions (intensity) of CSR activities are adopted (imposed) at the strategic level, the profitability of these activities determined at the operational level verifies the correctness of their orientation.
Overview of the BioCreative VI Precision Medicine Track: mining protein interactions and mutations for precision medicine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Precision Medicine Initiative is a multicenter effort aiming at formulating personalized treatments leveraging on individual patient data (clinical, genome sequence and functional genomic data) together with the information in large knowledge bases (KBs) that integrate genome annotation, disease association studies, electronic health records and other data types. The biomedical literature provides a rich foundation for populating these KBs, reporting genetic and molecular interactions that provide the scaffold for the cellular regulatory systems and detailing the influence of genetic variants in these interactions. The goal of BioCreative VI Precision Medicine Track was to extract this particular type of information and was organized in two tasks: (i) document triage task, focused on identifying scientific literature containing experimentally verified protein-protein interactions (PPIs) affected by genetic mutations and (ii) relation extraction task, focused on extracting the affected interactions (protein pairs). To assist system developers and task participants, a large-scale corpus of PubMed documents was manually annotated for this task. Ten teams worldwide contributed 22 distinct text-mining models for the document triage task, and six teams worldwide contributed 14 different text-mining systems for the relation extraction task. When comparing the text-mining system predictions with human annotations, for the triage task, the best F-score was 69.06%, the best precision was 62.89%, the best recall was 98.0% and the best average precision was 72.5%. For the relation extraction task, when taking homologous genes into account, the best F-score was 37.73%, the best precision was 46.5% and the best recall was 54.1%. Submitted systems explored a wide range of methods, from traditional rule-based, statistical and machine learning systems to state-of-the-art deep learning methods. Given the level of participation and the individual team results we find the precision medicine track to be successful in engaging the text-mining research community. In the meantime, the track produced a manually annotated corpus of 5509 PubMed documents developed by BioGRID curators and relevant for precision medicine. The data set is freely available to the community, and the specific interactions have been integrated into the BioGRID data set. In addition, this challenge provided the first results of automatically identifying PubMed articles that describe PPI affected by mutations, as well as extracting the affected relations from those articles. Still, much progress is needed for computer-assisted precision medicine text mining to become mainstream. Future work should focus on addressing the remaining technical challenges and incorporating the practical benefits of text-mining tools into real-world precision medicine information-related curation.
Gene expression alterations over large chromosomal regions in cancers include multiple genes unrelated to malignant progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In solid tumors, the relationship between DNA copy number and global expression over large chromosomal regions has not been systematically explored. We used a 12,626-gene expression array analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa and annotated gene expression levels to specific chromosomal loci. Expression alterations correlated with reported data using comparative genomic hybridization. When genes with significant differences in expression between normal and malignant lesions, as defined by significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), were compared to nonsignificant genes, similar chromosomal patterns of alteration in expression were noted. Individual tumors underwent microsatellite analysis and χ 2 analysis of expression at 3p and 22q. Significant 3p underexpression and 22q overexpression were found in all primary tumors with 3p and 22q allelic imbalance, respectively, whereas no tumor without allelic imbalance on these chromosomal arms demonstrated expression differences. Loss and gain of chromosomal material in solid cancers can alter gene expression over large chromosomal regions, including multiple genes unrelated to malignant progression.
A 1.96 Gb/s Massive MU-MIMO Detector for Next-Generation Cellular Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a massive multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) detector for cellular systems that can support 256 base station (BS) antennas and 32 users with modulation of up to 256-QAM. The chip delivers a throughput of 1.96 Gb/s and dissipates 87 mW at 290 MHz. Compared to the state-of-the-art detectors, the chip achieves a 5.7-to-30.5× higher area efficiency with 9.2-to-31.2× lower normalized energy.
INTEGRAL NEUTRON THERMALIZATION. Annual Summary Report, October 1, 1960- September 30, 1961

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Progress is reported on the following aspects of the integral neutron thermalization program: the design, construction, and operation of a facility for measuring low-energy neutron spectra by the pulsed-source method; the design, construction, and operation of a slow chopper facility for measuring low-energy and time-dependent neutron spectra; a theoretical and analytical program with primary emphasis on describing neutron lifetimes from the standpoint of determining irtegral properties of the moderator; and the developmert of general instrumentation and data-reduction procedures to mske the experimental program feasible. (B.O.G.)
Psychophysical and speech results from the penetrating auditory brainstem implant (PABI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The penetrating auditory brainstem implant (PABI) is a prosthetic device that delivers sound information to the brain via microstimulation of the cochlear nucleus. The design of the speech processor is similar to that in a cochlear implant. Surface electrodes are placed in the lateral recess of the IV ventricle, adjacent to the cochlear nucleus. Penetrating microelectrodes are inserted into the ventral cochlear nucleus. Threshold measures in two patients confirm intra-nuclear placement. Stimulation of the penetrating microelectrodes produced a full range of loudness sensations as well as a wide range of pitch sensations. Initial psychophysical measures show excellent temporal resolution (forward masking, gap detection, modulation detection) on the penetrating electrodes in one patient and poor temporal performance in another. Speech understanding was moderate, with one patient receiving primarily a supplement to lip-reading, while the other patient received modest open-set speech understanding on the third day following initial stimulation. Ongoing studies will characterize the interference between and within surface and penetrating electrode systems and the ability of the patient to integrate speech information across the two types of electrodes. [Work supported by NIDCD Contract N01-DC-00-11.]
$R^3$ index for four-dimensional $N=2$ field theories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In theories with $N=2$ supersymmetry on $R^{3,1}$, BPS bound states can decay across walls of marginal stability in the space of Coulomb branch parameters, leading to discontinuities in the BPS indices $Ω(γ,u)$. We consider a supersymmetric index $I$ which receives contributions from 1/2-BPS states, generalizing the familiar Witten index $Tr (-1)^F e^{-βH}$. We expect $I$ to be smooth away from loci where massless particles appear, thanks to contributions from the continuum of multi-particle states. Taking inspiration from a similar phenomenon in the hypermultiplet moduli space of $N=2$ string vacua, we conjecture a formula expressing $I$ in terms of the BPS indices $Ω(γ,u)$, which is continuous across the walls and exhibits the expected contributions from single particle states at large $β$. This gives a universal prediction for the contributions of multi-particle states to the index $I$. This index is naturally a function on the moduli space after reduction on a circle, closely related to the canonical hyperkähler metric and hyperholomorphic connection on this space.
Survival of lactic acid and propionibacteria in low- and full-fat Dutch-type cheese during human digestion ex vivo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cheese can function as a suitable vehicle for the delivery of a variety of food-related micro-organisms to the intestine. Young cheese as well as low-fat cheeses are better carrier matrixes than full-fat and/or more well-ripened cheeses. Most of the lactobacilli and all the propionibacteria survived well during digestion of the low-fat cheeses. This study also showed the ability of cheese lactobacilli and PAB to survive the severe conditions of GIT.
Effect of Haizaoxiaoying granule on the absorption rate of~(125)Iby thyroid in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study the effect of Haizaoxiaoying granule on the absorption rate of JI125,D,Z by thyroid in mice.Methods:Mice were divided to feed with Haizaoxiaoying granule(1.014,3.042, 5.07 g·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or KI(0.006g·kg -1 ) for 10d.One hour after the last dose,0.314uci/10g body weight of JI125,D,Z was given to each mouse by abdominal injection and urine was collected for determination of JI125,D,Z eliminated.The mice were killed respectively at 2,6,24 and 48h after injection and thyroids were collected and the absorption rate of JI125,D,Z by thyroid was determined by RIA.Results:Haizaoxiaoying granule can reduce the absorption rate of JI125,D,Z by thyroid and delay the peak of absorption.Conclusion:Haizaoxiaoying granule possesses inhibitory effect on thyroid function in some extent. [
Bridge over Highway 401 for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Waterloo Region

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Pedestrian-Cyclist Bridge (The Bridge) is an important community link that connects the Trans-Canada Trail in Kitchener and Cambridge and provides a safe route for pedestrians and cyclists to cross Highway 401 in Waterloo Region. The 101.5-metre bridge has an enclosed arched canopy that, at the centre of the arch, rises 14.58 metres. The $1.7-million construction cost of the bridge was funded equally by the project partners, the Region of Waterloo and the Cities of Cambridge and Kitchener. Planning for The Bridge, which is the first of its kind to be built across Highway 401, began in 2003 and culminated with a celebration of its opening in October 2007. The project pioneered three significant innovations in Waterloo Region that will serve as models for similar projects: a collaborative municipal partnership; a broad-based community consultation and design program; and innovative construction techniques that translated a unique vision into reality. This project was nominated for the TAC 2007 Sustainable Urban Transportation Award.
On the Legislation Self-Criticism of the Temple Property at the Beginning of the Republic of China

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Temple property is connatural law phenomenon,but not consummate.The key problem is that its law status is faintness.At the beginning of 20th century,temple property became corporationize step by step during reform process.This process wanted to overcome which problems and these problems were which forms in the system? We discusses these problems in Qing Dynasty law and law of the beginning of the Republic of China.
The Contemporary Legal Situation: Girgio Agamben’s Criticism Of The Study Of Biopolitics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The discourse on the study of biopolitics is a relatively new study, because in this study for the first time the two methodologies of social science and science were brought together, for that political action in the concept of biopolitics is not only in the configuration of social behavior but can also be viewed objectively in science. This research by discussing the typography of the study of biopolitics from the anthropological perspective of Girgio Agamben. The research method used is normative research with an analytical description approach. Results and discussion that this study of biopolitics has an objective limit of study which is only limited to descriptive human biology and can be seen from a sociological point of view, that this biopolitical theory, according to Agamben, gives rise to a new hypothesis that human political behavior can be intertwined with the configuration of biological scientists. That this biopolitical study is often used in the study of legal science, especially during a virus outbreak situation, because a legal product that regulates the limits of human movement requires an epidemiological and virological approach.
DIVERSITY AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN WILD POPULATIONS OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT (FAGACEAE)1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variation among 12 populations of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was investigated. Population genetic parameters estimated from allozyme variation suggest that C. dentata at both the population and species level has narrow genetic diversity as compared to other species in the genus. Average expected heterozygosity was relatively low for the population collected in the Black Rock Mountain State Park, Georgia (He = 0.096 ? 0.035), and high for the population in east central Alabama (He = 0.196 ? 0.048). Partitioning of the genetic diversity based on 18 isozyme loci showed that -10% of the allozyme diversity resided among populations. Cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method using arithmetric averages of Rogers' genetic distance and principal components analysis based on allele frequencies of both isozyme and RAPD loci revealed four groups: the southernmost population, south-central Appalachian populations, northcentral Appalachian populations, and northern Appalachian populations. Based on results presented in this study, a conservation strategy and several recommendations related to the backcross breeding aimed at restoring C. dentata are discussed.
The Authorship of the “We” Sections of the Book of Acts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

How alluring and yet how elusive is the personality of the self-effacing Diarist of the Acts! Modest to the last degree and yet dignified in his quiet assurance that he is an integral part of the most significant spiritual fellowship of his day, a hero worshiper, lost in admiration for his leader and yet singularly correct in his identification of really great events, and always unwaveringly convinced that he is observing and recording consequential affairs, he nobly deserves his place in the comradeship of the Book. The more, therefore, should we like to draw this quiet workman out of his namelessness, and set him in his true place as pioneer of those historians of the clearer insight to whom the expanding church of Jesus Christ has seemed the central fact of the world's life. Can we do him this right? I venture to hope that it may yet be possible.
Effect of growth factors on hyaluronan synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of various growth factors on the synthesis of hyaluronan in human fibroblasts was investigated. When tested in medium containing 0.5% fetal calf serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB was found to stimulate hyaluronan synthesis; the maximal response was equal to or higher than that obtained with 10% fetal calf serum. PDGF-AA gave only a limited effect, indicating that the stimulatory effect of PDGF on hyaluronan synthesis was mainly transduced via the B-type PDGF receptor. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 also stimulated hyaluronan synthesis; their effects were less than that of PDGF-BB, but combinations of factors produced potent stimulatory effects on hyaluronan synthesis. All factors stimulated hyaluronan synthesis in sparse as well as dense cultures. The effects of the factors on hyaluronan synthesis did not correlate with their mitogenic activities; PDGF-BB, EGF and bFGF are equipotent mitogens, but PDGF-BB had a much more potent effect on hyaluronan synthesis, and TGF-beta actually inhibits the growth of fibroblasts under the conditions of the assay.