jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Problems in airborne radar target recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A brief overview of techniques which can be applied to the problem of radar-based classification and recognition of airborne targets from airborne platforms is presented. This problem is complicated by small system requirements and by limitations in both the quality and quantity of the data that can be obtained. Consequently, the true identification question is frequently abandoned in favour of broader 'categorization' approaches. The author discusses the drawbacks of the various methods and identifies areas of current research.
The census and management of populations of ungulates in Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Over recent decades managers have had to cope with populations of ungulates which have substantially increased both their range and density in Europe (see Apollonio et al.,2010, and references therein). In fact, of the 20 different species of free-ranging ungulates in Europe, only fallow deer Dama dama populations have remained comparatively stable in the last decades. This situation has been perceived by some people as a positive change, leading to greater opportunities for observation of native ungulates by the general public, as well as increased opportunities for those interested in hunting. Unfortunately this marked change in status also has some drawbacks where there is perceived to be an increase in ungulate–human conflicts. Ungulates may cause significant damage to farming and forestry (see Chapter 6 this volume), collisions with vehicles (see Chapter 8), and the spread of disease (Simpson, 2002; Chapter 7 this volume). In addition, there is a growing concern that large populations of ungulates may have a substantial effect on ecosystem function (e.g. Danell et al., 2006). Consequently, in many countries society considers that managers should control ungulate populations through hunting in order to meet specific management objectives (Sinclair, 1997). In practice, the management of most populations of ungulates consists of setting harvest quotas for hunting.
Two new genera of Epilachnini Mulsant from New Guinea and Aru Islands (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Szawaryn, Karol, Tomaszewska, Wioletta (2013): Two new genera of Epilachnini Mulsant from New Guinea and Aru Islands (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (37-38): 2427-2457, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.763067, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.763067
A Dynamic Shift: A Molecular Perspective On Bidirectional Hermaphroditism In Two Reef Fish Species In The Family Gobiidae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the fish family Gobiidae it has been hypothesized that they ability to change sex has evolved independently as many as five times. Two of these proposed events led to protogynous sex change and three of these events to bidirectional sex change. A fish species is described as a bidirectional sex changer when an individual has the ability to go from producing one gamete type to the other and back again as an adult. Changes in gonad morphology as a fish transitions from producing one type of gamete to the other has never been documented in Gobiidae. The genes that regulate the process of transition have also never been explored in a bidirectional sex changing species of fish. Here we document the changes that take place in gonads of two species of bidirectional sex changing goby, Lythrypnus dalli and Eviota epiphanes as they transition from producing one gamete type to the other. These two species represent clades in which it is likely the ability to change sex has evolved independently. We were able group each species into six distinct transitional stages based on the amount of ovarian, testicular, and atretic tissue present in the gonads. With a transitional time series established we then used whole transcriptome sequencing to quantify the genes being expressed over transitional time. We looked at differences in gene expression between all six transitional stages and between ova producing (o-phase) and sperm producing (s-phase) individuals. We found that L. dalli and E. epiphanes use a very different set of genes in order to remodel the gonads during sexual transition. Additionally, there are very few genes known to be important regulators of sexual differentiation/determination in other species of fish that are significantly upregulated and downregulated during the transition process in these two species. With these data we were able to draw conclusions about how differences in morphology may have been correlated to differences in gene expression and add evidence to the hypothesis that this represents two evolutionary events.
Oral Bronchodilators Containing Tartrazine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

IT IS well documented that many patients with asthma have adverse reactions to aspirin.1-4A number of these same patients will have similar reactions to tartrazine (FD and C Yellow No. 5). The incidence of tartrazine sensitivity varies, depending on the study that is reported. Samter and Beers1found that 14 of 182 aspirin-sensitive patients were also sensitive to tartrazine (< 8%). In another study,2they described 3 of 80 aspirin-sensitive patients who reacted to 25 mg of tartrazine. However, Juhlin et al5found that seven of eight aspirin-sensitive patients reacted with asthma, urticaria, or both after 1 to 2 mg of tartrazine. A later article by Michaelsson and Juhlin6reported that tartrazine provocation induced objective adverse reactions in 21 of 52 patients with a history of chronic urticaria or angioedema. Moreover, two of these patients had no apparent sensitivity to aspirin. They also noted
Optimization of the Lead Compound NVP‐BHG712 as a Colorectal Cancer Inhibitor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) kinase belongs to the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases. There are several indications of an involvement of EPHA2 in the development of infectious diseases and cancer. Despite pharmacological potential, EPHA2 is an under-examined target protein. In this study, we synthesized a series of derivatives of the inhibitor NVP-BHG712 and triazine-based compounds. These compounds were evaluated to determine their potential as kinase inhibitors of EPHA2, including elucidation of their binding mode (X-ray crystallography), affinity (microscale thermophoresis), and selectivity (Kinobeads assay). Eight inhibitors showed affinities in the low-nanomolar regime (KD<10 nM). Testing in up to seven colon cancer cell lines that express EPHA2 reveals that several derivatives feature promising effects for the control of human colon carcinoma. Thus, we have developed a set of powerful tool compounds for fundamental new research on the interplay of EPH receptors in a cellular context.
Risk of Cerebrovascular Accidents and Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic disease. However, it is unclear whether IBD modifies the risk of arterial thromboembolic events, including cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Hence, we investigated the relationship between IBD and the subsequent risk of CVA, IHD, and extra-intestinal peripheral arterial thromboembolic disease (PAD). Methods: We performed a systematic review of multiple bibliographic databases and major conference proceedings from inception to March 1, 2013, for cohort and case-control studies which reported incident cases of CVA, IHD, and/or PAD in patients with IBD and a non-IBD control population (or compared to a standardized population). CVA was defined as a history of stroke and/or transient ischemic attack. IHD was defined as acute coronary syndrome, history of myocardial infarction, and/or angina. Peripheral arterial thromboembolic disease was defined as acute or chronic peripheral arterial insufficiency (excluding intestinal vasculature). We used the random-effects model to calculate summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: From 631 unique studies, nine studies (2,424 CVA events in five studies, and 6,478 IHD events in six studies; 148 cases) were included. IBD was associated with a modest increase in the risk of CVA (five studies; odds ratio [OR] 1.18; 95% CI 1.09-1.27), especially in females and young adults. This increased risk was seen in both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (Table). IBD was also associated with a 19% increase in the risk of IHD (six studies; OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.08-1.31), in both CD and UC (Table). This risk increase was primarily seen in females. IBD was not associated with an increased risk of peripheral arterial thromboembolic events (two studies; OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.96-1.38).Table 1: Sub-group analysis of studies on IBD and the risk of cerebrovascular accident and ischemic heart diseaseConclusion: IBD is associated with a modest increase in the risk of cardiovascular morbidity (CVA and IHD), particularly in females. These patients should be routinely counseled on aggressive risk factor modification.
A Novel Single-switch Phase Controlled Wireless Power Transfer System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Battery charging is a fundamental application of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems that requires effective implementation of Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) power conduction modes. DC-DC converters used in WPT systems utilize large inductors and capacitors that increase the size and volume of the system in addition to causing higher DC losses. This work proposes a novel single-switch active rectifier for phase controlled WPT systems that is smaller in volume and weight as compared to conventional WPT topologies. The proposed method simplifies the control scheme using improved Digital Phase Control (DPC) and Analog Phase Control (APC) to realize the CC and CV power transfer modes. Furthermore, it prevents forward voltage losses in Silicon Carbide (SiC) switches and shoot through states with improved switching patterns. Simulation studies and experimental results are added to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Towards Untethered Soft Pneumatic Exosuits Using Low-Volume Inflatable Actuator Composites and a Portable Pneumatic Source

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The application of pneumatic soft robots is limited by factors such as operational pressure and air flow rates. Pneumatic soft robots are typically tethered in nature due to the high energy costs for actuation as well as the lack of portable pneumatic sources capable of providing high pressures and air flow rates. This work presents a low-volume inflatable actuator composite (IAC) designed to reduce energy costs of actuation and a portable pneumatic source to overcome the aforementioned issues towards untethered applications. The pressure-deflection characteristics of the fabricated IAC are compared with those of a completely fabric-based beam using experimental results and finite element analysis. FEM models of IACs with varying volumes are generated and actuation speeds are measured using a pressure step response test. The force output and hysteresis of the actuator are studied. The developed portable pneumatic source is capable of generating a pressure and flow rates of 0.131 MPa and 21.45 standard litres per minute (SLPM), respectively. The IACs and portable pneumatic source are integrated with a soft exosuit to assist knee extension, and the integrated system is evaluated with three healthy participants for incline walking. A reduction of muscle activities in the Vastus Lateralis muscle group is observed for all the three participants when the exosuit is active.
The German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Community – Successes and Failures

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recently, the German Federal Government made the consequential decision to change its energy program. This not only as a result of the decision to shut down the existing nuclear power plants within the next few years, but also due to vital challenges like climate change and security of energy supply. The shift in the energy-technology paradigm from fossil fuel technologies to regenerative energies constitutes a major technical process but also new economic and social constellations. This paper focuses on hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in Germany. The institutional set up in this field is analysed and the new organizational actors are identified who have actively lobbied towards a political consensus. However, the experts in this field could not attain the required leadership in the public discourse on these technologies. It seems that an attractive guiding vision of a post-fossil energy future and a broad acceptance in daily use would have been major prerequisites for such leadership.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes utilizing a Europium‐Activated Calcium Oxide Phosphor with External Quantum Efficiency of up to 54.7%

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence materials with broadband emissions are necessary for the development of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based light sources. However, most known NIR‐emitting materials are limited by their low external quantum efficiency. This work demonstrates how the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of europium‐activated calcium oxide (CaO:Eu) NIR phosphor can be significantly improved and stabilized at operating temperatures of LEDs. A carbon paper wrapping technology is innovatively developed and used during the solid‐state sintering to promote the reduction of Eu 3+ into Eu 2+ . In parallel, the oxygen vacancies in the CaO lattice are repaired utilizing GeO 2 decomposition. Through this process, a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 54.7% at 740 nm is obtained with a thermal stability greatly improved from 57% to 90% at 125 °C. The as‐fabricated NIR‐LEDs reach record photoelectric efficiency (100 mA@23.4%) and output power (100 mA @ 319.5 mW). This discovery of high‐performance phosphors will open new research avenues for broadband NIR LED light sources in a variety of photonics applications.
Whither Feminist Solidarity? Critical Thinking, Racism, Islamophobia, Gender, Authoritarianism, and Sexism in a U.S. National Sample

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Feminist solidarities form when people from a variety of social locations and accompanying power and privilege actively forge alliances across difference(s) to support gender equity and justice and to resist systemic gender bias. While nations from the Global North depict themselves as bastions of gender equity in comparison to nations of the Global South, countries such as the US, making dubious claims to “post-sexist” and “post-racial” societies, protest too much. Using a representative, national sample in the US, most participants did not disagree with sexist and racist attitudes and beliefs, and six variables accounted for 60.1% of the variance in sexism in a multiple regression model (F = 89.62, p < 0.001): racism, critical thinking dispositions, Islamophobia, conspiracy mentality, gender, and authoritarianism. Implications for educators and social science researchers are discussed.
After-rinsing hair growth promotion of minoxidil-containing amino alpha-cyclodextrins.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Triamino alpha-cyclodextrin (CD) was synthesized and the inclusion complex with Minoxidil (MXD) was prepared. alpha-CD was azidated by modifying the 6-hydroxylmethyl CD rim with sodium azide. Then, mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-azidocyclodextrins were separated by a flash column chromatography and reduced to the corresponding amines by hydrogenation with Pd/C. The substantivities of MXD included in either 2-hydroxypropyl alpha-CD (HP alpha-CD) or triamino alpha-CD were evaluated in vitro using hairless mice skins. After applying the preparations onto the skin and rinsing it, the amount of the drug left on the skin was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was the highest when the drug was included in triamino alpha-CD. The electrostatic interaction between the protonated amino CD and the negatively charged skin would be responsible for the relatively high substantivity. The in vivo hair growth promotion effect of each preparation was investigated, where the sample application onto the clipped backs of female mice (C57BL6) and the subsequent rinsing of the backs were done once a day for 30 days. Only MXD in triamino alpha-CD had hair growth promotion effect, possibly due to the significant substantivity.
Unlocking the information in integrated social data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper was prepared for the New Zealand Ministry of Labor Conference on Data Integration and Linked Employer-Employee Data held March 21-22, 2002. I would like to thank my coauthors Patrick Corbel, Rob Creecy, Bruno Crepon, John Haltiwanger, Francis Kramarz, Julia Lane, Paul Lengermann, David Margolis, Kevin McKinney, Ron Prevost, Sebastien Roux, Kristin Sandusky, Martha Stinson, Lars Vilhuber, and Simon Woodcock from whom I borrowed shamelessly for this presentation. I would also like to thank my Cornell, Census, and CREST colleagues Fredrik Andersson, Gary Benedetto, Chet Bowie, Bahattin Buyuksahin, Karen Conneely, Pat Doyle, Ron Ehrenberg, Nancy Gordon, Cheryl Grim, George Jakubson, Frederick Knickerbocker, Guy LaRoque, Cyr Linonis, Charles McCulloch, Nicole Nestoriak, Sebastien Perez-Duarte, Jean-Marc Robin, Marc Roemer, Bryce Stephens, Marty Wells, Bill Winkler, and Laura Zayatz, each of whom contributed substantially to this work. Funding was provided by the US Census Bureau, INSEE/CREST, the National Science Foundation (SES-9978093 to Cornell University), the National Institute on Aging, the Sloan Foundation, and the Russell Sage Foundation.
Islam and Indonesian Culture (Rituals and Institutions)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the relationship between Islam and culture in Indonesia, focusing on aspects of ritual and religious institutions. Indonesia itself has quite a bit of cultural diversity and religious traditions, so this journal aims to investigate various aspects of Islam in life in Indonesia and how this influences rituals and institutions in Indonesia. The first part discussed in this journal is tracing the development of Islam in Indonesia, how Islam is integrated with local culture, and how the Islamic movement in Indonesia influenced the formation of religious rituals and institutions. Then the journal will explore various types of Islamic religious rituals in Indonesia, as well as explore Islamic institutions in forming Islamic identity in Indonesia, as well as explore their relationship with local culture. By presenting an understanding of the relationship between Islam and culture in Indonesia, it is hoped that the journal can contribute to religious, social and cultural studies in Indonesia in the future. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a focus on literature analysis. The research will explore information from relevant journals, books and previous research to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of rituals and religious institutions in the lives of Indonesian society.
Ball State University

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Intentional self-harm behavior is an important clinical phenomenon that appears highly related to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Self-harm behavior in the context of borderline personality probably exists along a continuum from graphic, self-harm behavior to milder forms of self-sabotaging behavior that might be viewed as self-defeating. Relatively little attention has been paid to developing a self-report measure of inten-tional self-harm, particularly as a screening device for detecting BPD. In Study 1, an initial list of self-harm behaviors encountered in clinical prac-tice was narrowed to those behaviors related to BPD in a sample com-prised of adults from both a mental health and non–mental health setting. All participants (N 5 221) underwent a semistructured diagnostic inter-view for BPD. Using a cut-off score of 5 on the resulting 22-item Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), 83.7 % of research participants were correctly classified as having BPD or not. In Study 2, women (N 5 285) sampled from an outpatient medical setting completed the SHI and a widely used self-report measure of BPD. The SHI cut-off score resulted in correct clas-sification of 87.9 % of the individuals. In Study 3, using a sample of adults involuntarily hospitalized for psychiatric reasons (N 5 32), the SHI per-
Hydrocarbon Generation Potential Evaluation of Toolebuc Shale

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Australia Toolebuc shale Group is a set of shale with rich organic matter which develop in Marine sedimentary environment. Toolebuc shale kerogen type is I- II. The vitrinite reflectance is low by the traditional microscopical method,using laser Raman spectra varieties of maceral fluorescence changes analysis( FAMM) and basin simulation to make a new appreciation of Toolebuc shale maturity in the region. The Toolebuc shale maturity can reach more than 0. 7%,which has entered the oil threshold. Basin modeling indicates that toolebuc shale has good hydrocarbon generation potential.
Measurements of control stability characteristics of a wind-tunnel model using a transfer function method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent state-of-the-art techniques in rotor systems include the use of active feedback to augment the dynamic control characteristics of an aircraft system. A recent test of a stoppable rotor with blade circulation blowing was conducted in the Ames Research Center's 40by 80-ft wind tunnel. A major part of the test schedule was dedicated to the acquisition of data to determine the stability of a closed-loop hub-moment feedback control system. Therefore, the open-loop control response was measured at several flight conditions to ascertain the stability of the system prior to the final closed-loop feedback control test. Measurements were made during both the stopped and rotating rotor modes, and open-loop Bode plots were obtained for the control loops associated with the moments about the longitudinal and lateral axis.
CHOLECYSTECTOMY;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the operative time, blood loss, postoperative pain andlength of hospitalization between open (OC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in Livercirrhotic patients with Child –Pugh class A & B. Study Design: Randomised Control Trial (RCT).Setting and Duration: This study was conducted at Surgical department, Holy Family Hospital,Rawalpindi from Jan 2010 to Dec 2011. Subjects and Methods: A total of 142 patients havingLiver cirrhosis secondary to Hepatitis A & Hepatitis B, who presented in OPD and ER with signsand symptoms of gall stones were randomly allocated into two groups for open (OC) andlaproscopic cholecystectomy (LC). All of them were either in Child–Pugh class A or B. Data on theabove two groups( LC &OC) was collected and analyzed for operative time, blood loss andlength of hospitalization after operation. Results: The mean blood loss in LC group was61.33+39.64 ml vs 90.84+29.88 ml in OC group, Mean operation time was 50.49+18.26 min inLC group vs 59.22+15.66 in OC group which is statistically significant (p<.05). In LC group, themean hospital stay was 1.8+.97 days, while in OC group is 2.4+.91 days which is alsostatistically significant. Conclusions: LC (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) is a safe and effectiveapproach for the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis in patients with mild cirrhosis with lessblood loss, less postoperative pain, shorter operative time and decreased hospital stay.