jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Maritime Piracy and Counter-Piracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will examine contemporary piracy and responses to it. As a starting point, definitions, conceptualisations and broader consequences will be briefly discussed to place piracy within the modern political and security context. This is followed by an overview of causal factors, manifestations as well as regional and international efforts initiated to suppress piracy in the western Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the Gulf of Guinea. The final section will explore some lessons and perspectives from insights into modern piracy and counter-piracy. These include the changing role of private security, the effectiveness of informal governance, the enduring utility of navies, the interlinkages of maritime crime, as well as the relationship between security and blue growth.
Improper influence: campaign finance law, political interest groups, and the problem of equality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why is there still so much dissatisfaction with the role of special interest groups in financing American election campaigns, even though no aspect of interest group politics has been so thoroughly regu-lated and constrained? This book argues that part of the answer lies in the laws themselves, which prevent many hard-to-organize citizen groups from forming effective political action committees (PACs), while actually helping business groups organize PACs.Thomas L. Gais points out that many laws that regulate group involvement in elections ignore the real difficulties of political mobilization, and he concludes that PACs and the campaign finance laws reflect a fundamental discrepancy between grassroots ideals and the ways in which broadly based groups actually get organized.. . . . of fundamental scholarly and practical importance. The implications for 'reform' are controversial, flatly contradicting other recent reform proposals . . . . I fully expect that Improper Influence will be one of the most significant books on campaign finance to be published in the 1990s. --Michael Munger, Public ChoiceIt is rare to find a book that affords a truly fresh perspective on the role of special interest groups in the financing of U.S. elections. It is also uncommon to find a theoretically rigorous essay confronting a topic usually grounded in empirical terms. . . . Improper Influence scores high on both counts and deserves close attention from students of collective action, campaign finance law, and the U.S. political process more generally. --American Political Science ReviewThomas L. Gais is Senior Fellow, The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, State University of New York.
A randomized trial of laryngeal organ preservation evaluating two cycles of induction chemotherapy with platinum, docetaxel, and a novel Bcl-xL inhibitor.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6066 Background: Laryngeal bio-selection with induction chemotherapy (platinum + 5-FU infusion: PF) has been demonstrated to result in impressive rates of survival and organ preservation with moderate toxicities. We sought to reduce the toxicity of PF by substituting docetaxel (T) for 5-FU and improve the tumor response rate with the addition of the Bcl-xL inhibitor AT-101. Methods: Pts with advanced stage laryngeal cancer were treated with 1 cycle of T 75 mg/m2 + platinum (P) (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 or carboplatin AUC 6) and were randomized 2:1 to the addition of AT-101. Patients with a CR proceeded to chemoradiation (CRT) with concurrent weekly P. All pts with PR or NR underwent a second cycle of induction with TP + AT-101. Pts with a > 50% response (CR or PR) after the second cycle of induction chemotherapy underwent CRT. Pts with a ≤ 50% response (NR) underwent laryngectomy. PET-CT was performed 12 weeks after CRT. Pts with residual disease underwent salvage laryngectomy (SL). Results: 54 eligible pts were enrolled; 46 M, 8 F; median age 59; 26 T4; stage III 16, stage IV 38; site: 2 hypopharyngeal, 39 supraglottic, 11 glottic, 2 subglottic. After cycle 1 of induction, 2/54 (4%) died prior to assessment by DL and 2 were removed from protocol due to adverse events (AEs). 29/50 pts (58%) had ≥ 50% response, 3 of which had CR; 2 proceeded to CRT & 1 received a 2 nd cycle of IC. 21/50 pts (42%) had < 50% response. A total of 48 pts received cycle 2 of IC. After the 2 nd cycle, a total of 39/50 pts (78%) had ≥ 50% response & received CRT. No difference in response was seen with addition of AT-101. 11/50 pts (22%) had < 50% response- 8 had laryngectomy & 3 refused. Following CRT, 10 pts underwent SL, 2 for residual disease & 8 late SL. The organ preservation rate was 31/50 (62%). The most common grade 3/4 toxicities associated with IC were nausea 9%, neutropenia 9%, & infection 7%. 1 pt died of CNS hemorrhage unrelated to therapy & 1 from sepsis. The median follow-up time is 28 months. The 2 yr laryngectomy-free survival is 54% (95% CI:38-68) & 2 yr overall survival is 81% (95% CI: 64-90). Conclusions: AT-101 did not improve responses to P. Treatment with 2 cycles of IC with PT produced similar response rates to our institutional controls, but organ preservation was somewhat less following treatment with weekly P + RT. Toxicities were overall improved with this treatment strategy. Clinical trial information: NCT01633541.
Unsettling Archive

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a ubiquitous but under-acknowledged setting in Australian fiction, suburbia affords the detailed representation of everyday, local places and landscapes at specific points in their history, even while adumbrating structures germane to globalised capitalist modernity – features arguably also integral to the novel itself as a morphing yet durable narrative form. Abstract dimensions like these become manifest via individual novels that evoke specific suburban places and geographies. Attending to one such geography, a sector of metropolitan Sydney conventionally known as the 'North Shore', this chapter works with four novels, reading them both chronologically and collectively, and proposing that, taken together, they constitute a fictional archive of an affluent, middle-class, urban subregion. Through its tight focus on one specific subregion, the chapter makes the argument that novels can be read not just singly but serially, for their sensory evocation of mundane and ephemeral place, and for their unearthing of that which is routinely suppressed by and within settler-suburbia. The novels from which this chapter forms its putative, fictional archive of Sydney's North Shore are Christina Stead's Seven Poor Men of Sydney (1934), Patrick White's Riders in the Chariot (1961), Jessica Anderson's The Impersonators (1980) and Fiona McGregor's Indelible Ink (2010).
Employ the infographic art in the education process

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The rapid changes in the field of science and technology led to increased competition, in the field of design, creativity and innovation, to achieve feature competitiveness. This is what makes the importance of the creative design who achieves the highest feature competitiveness to the Declaration, The creativity on the basis of the new provision, as such leads to achieve excellence that ensures excellence and leadership in action, infographic art known for a long time, But it entered innovations through information , images and data, As well as the style of presentation and attractions and thrill, Bringing to infographic art employed in all areas ,in addition to advertising, etc., Therefore we had Shed light this type of art and how to employ in the field of education. Statement of the Problem:It is determined by the research problem in how to use the infographic art in the work of creative , innovative designs and employ them in the education process .An attractive and interesting have a positive impact on appointed receiver either a faculty member or student. Objectives:The research aims to identify some of the information by infographic and acquire skills to work infographic Educational successful - Understand the importance of infographic designs in education. - Employ the art of infographic in the education process. - Identify the types infographic and how to employ all sorts. - Understand the successful infographic. Methodology : Find the analytical method followed by presentation and analysis of some designs , The aim access to how to employ the art of infographic in the education process.
Influence of hot anisotropic ions on properties of nonlinear Alfven waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence on properties of nonlinear Alfven waves produced by the introduction of a small quantity of hot anisotropic ions into the cold background plasma is studied. Nonlinear equations are obtained which describe the evolution of Alfven waves propagating along magnetic field lines. The addition of a small amount of hot anisotropic ions to the cold plasma results in a qualitative modification of the evolution equations in comparison with those obtained for a cold two-species plasma. A characteristic feature of the system is that a nonlinear stage of evolution is accompanied by the appearance of an electric field directed along the external magnetic field. Some specific solutions of these nonlinear equations are given. The stability of finite-amplitude monochromatic waves during the small-amplitude phase and in the presence of amplitude modulations is investigated.
Analysis of RRAM Reliability Soft-Errors on the Performance of RRAM-Based Neuromorphic Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the limitation in speed and throughput of the traditional Von Neumann architecture, the interest in brain inspired neuromorphic systems has been the focus of recent research activities. RRAM device has been extensively used as synapses in neuromorphic systems due to its many advantages including small size and compatibility with CMOS fabrication process. However, the RRAM device suffers from reliability soft-errors resulting from the stochastic nature of the oxygen vacancies of its conductive filaments. In this article, for the first time, using a combination of SPICE-based and BRIAN-based simulations, a novel framework is developed to model and assess the impact of RRAM reliability soft-errors on the performance of the neuromorphic systems. Simulation results show that the accuracy of a multi-perceptron RRAM-based neuromorphic system drops from 91.6% to 43% when the reliability soft errors are considered. To overcome this degradation in the system performance, a detailed analysis is conducted to modify the way the RRAM resistive state changes. In addition to this, a list of recommendations for the design of neuromorphic systems is also provided to overcome the RRAM reliability soft-errors.
Sigismund of Luxembourg, imperial reform and the problem of the «pre-reform movement» in the 15th century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the way the imperial policy of King Sigismund was reflected in the political publicism in the 1430s focusing on the questions of the Reichsreform and political dualism and pre-reformative movement in the German lands. The research is based on two groups of sources: 1) the Latin scriptures devoted to the church and empire reform, composed by Johann Schele and Nicholas of Cusa the church hierarchs and supporters of King Sigismund; 2) the pieces of burgher literature containing pre-reformative views, namely Eberhard Windecke and the anonymous «King Sigismund’s Reformation». The research demonstrates that those burghers, as well as ecclesiastical scholars declared the ideas that had already been a part of Sigismund’s political conception. Johann Schele and Nicholas of Cusa tried to prove the necessity of the objection of the Papal reservations during the Sigismund’s coronation tour towards Rome, when it was the King himself who was drawn in a conflict with Venice and it’s puppet Pope Eugenius IV. The 2nd idea was the theory of two swords, the ecclesiastic one and the secular one, composed by Nicholas of Cusa, which was inserted in a royal charter. It could be found in the «King Sigismund’s Reformation» and works by Eberhard Windecke. This idea become a logical argument against the Pope’s claims on the secular power in the Western world. The 3rd idea inherent to the every of those four authors was to consider the imperial princes the stronghold of order in the Empire. Thus, there is a clear connection between the political publicism of the 1430s and Sigismund’s policy that has to be studied more precisely in future.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Restitution of Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs Using a Systemic Nanovector Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Growth in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure Legend from Restitution of Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs Using a Systemic Nanovector Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Growth in Mice
Superconductivity in the "Hot Spots" Model of the Pseudogap State

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the anomalies of superconducting state in the model of pseudogap state induced by fluctuations of short - range order of "dielectric" (AFM(SDW) or CDW) type, and based on the scenario of "hot spots" formation on the Fermi surface, with the account of all Feynman graphs for electron interaction with pseudogap fluctuations, leading to strong scattering around the "hot spots". We determine the dependence of superconducting critical temperature T_c on the effective width of the pseudogap, correlation length of short - range order and concentration of nonmagnetic impurities. We also discuss possible connection of these results with the general form of the phase diagram of superconducting cuprates.
Surgical management of chronic pelvic instability following periacetabular osteotomy nonunion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an established treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in skeletally mature individuals without arthritis. Pelvic nonunion and associated stress fractures are under-reported. Nonunited stress fractures can cause continued buttock pain and pelvic instability. The aim of this study is to report on our experience managing patients with ongoing pain following nonunion of PAO. Patients and methods: 8 patients presented to a tertiary referral pelvic service with symptomatic PAO nonunion between 2015-2018. All patients underwent open reduction internal fixation of the superior pubic ramus nonunion, with ipsilateral iliac autograft, at an average of 48.1 (15–82) months following initial osteotomy. Demographic and perioperative data were recorded. Follow-up was on average to 9.9 months, once union was confirmed radiographically. Results: All patients were female and average age was 31.8 (18–41) years. In 7/8 (87.5%) patients a modified Stoppa approach was successfully utilised. 1 patient required an ilioinguinal approach due to the amount of rotational correction. All patients went on to union at the superior pubic ramus and reported improvement in mechanical symptoms. 5/8 (62.5%) patients were noted to develop union of the posterior column or inferior pubic ramus stress fracture indirectly. 2/8 (25%) patients developed progression of intra-articular pain, despite restoration of pelvic stability. 1 patient required intraoperative transfusion due to femoral vein injury. There were no other complications seen in this series. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of surgically managed PAO nonunion. Pelvic instability resulting from nonunion and stress fracture can be satisfactorily addressed by mobilising, grafting and plating the nonunion at the superior pubic ramus. The modified Stoppa approach is suitable in most cases, allowing excellent exposure whilst minimising the insult to soft tissues. The altered anatomy of the pelvis following PAO should be anticipated to reduce the risk to nearby neurovascular structures.
Identification, Growth Kinetics And Cell Disintegration Of Mru5, A Bacterium Isolated From An Oil Well In Sarawak, Malaysia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A hyperthermophilic bacterium, coded MRU5 was isolated from an oil-producing well in Sarawak, Malaysia. This microorganism was found to be a strictly anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria. Since this bacteria can survive and carry out its functions at extremely harsh conditions (high pressure, high temperature, high salinity), it is postulated that the enzymes isolated would be highly suitable for use in industrial processes, which need enzymes to be robust and stable. In this study, the cell disruption methods of the bacterium were optimized and the activity of possible industrial thermostable extracellular enzymes such as xylanases, lipases and amylolytic enzymes were determined. The bacterium, has an irregular coccoid shape, is Gram negative, and is able to grow at 90oC, pH 7.0 and high salinity (10% NaCl). It is resistant to antibiotic such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, rifampin, streptomycin, tetracycline and geneticin. Based on this profile, MRU5 is suggested to be a new species under the halothermophile Archaea family. 16S rRNA sequencing failed to identify the taxanomy because of limitation of universal PCR primers. Amylase, xylanase and lipase had been isolated extracellularly with the activity of 11.8 U/L, 82.1 U/L and 7.61 U/L, respectively. Amylase was chosen for cell breakage studies as an indicator. Different methods of cell breakage were applied to obtain a high intracellular enzyme activity. The methods used were bead miller, lysozyme and combinations of bead mill with ultrasonicator and high pressure homogenizer. The breakages of cells were observed under scanning electron microscope. Amylase activity was detected intracellularly as well as on the membrane. Cell disruption treatment with only bead mill with 6g of glass beads recorded the highest specific enzyme activity (1.81 U/mg) at hour 3 where it is almost double compared to combination of bead mill and ultrasonication (0.983 U/mg) at similar time.
Current advance in preventing restrictive strabismus caused by postsurgical tissue adhesion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

外眼手术后局部组织粘连导致限制性眼球运动障碍,患者出现斜视、复视等术后并发症是广大眼科医生所极力避免的.各国学者就此采用异体材料进行多方尝试,主要分为物理屏障和抑制成纤维细胞增殖两方面,取得了一定效果.就如何预防术后外眼组织粘连进行的大量动物及临床实验研究进行综述。
Preservation of health of medical students, including those with special educational needs: current problems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article analyzes the experience of developing health preservation competencies of medical students in the context of blended learning and application of innovative health preservation techniques. Health preservation is a multilevel problem that requires an integrated approach implying readiness of medical graduates to respond flexibly to the changing landscape of their professional activities; therefore, the article discusses some promising options of mastering universal competencies and their integration into the educational process while factoring in the current knowledge on hygiene education, patterns of thinking, psychology of consciousness, decision-making and practical skills, all of which should be developed and consolidated by applying the various current forms, technologies and methods of work.
The Impact of Kahoot!-Assisted Gamification on Saudi EFL Learners' Phrasal Verb Mastery and Classroom Engagement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of Kahoot!-assisted gamification on Saudi EFL female learners' grammar performance, particularly in mastering phrasal verbs, and their multidimensional engagement in the classroom. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates pre- and post-assessments along with engagement surveys to measure improvements in grammar as well as emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social involvement. The participants included 63 Saudi undergraduate students majoring in English, divided into experimental and control groups. Contrary to expectations, the control group outperformed the experimental group in post-test (*p*= 0.030), suggesting gamification may not enhance grammatical accuracy more than conventional methods. Cognitive and behavioral engagement was mixed, with some students preferring competition to purposeful learning. The study highlights the emotional benefits of Kahoot!, such as motivation and classroom dynamics, despite its limited impact on test scores. The results emphasize the need to balance gamification with structured teaching methods to promote engagement and mastery. For educators and education policy makers, the findings suggest that while Kahoot! promotes emotional engagement and involvement, supplementary activities may be needed to enhance grammatical knowledge. The study highlights the pedagogical potential of gamification in EFL grammar instruction and offers insights for curriculum designers and educators seeking to balance instructional rigor with learner engagement. The pedagogical potential of gamification in EFL grammar instruction is evident, but its design and implementation must be carefully tailored to align with learning objectives and learner needs.
Decision Makers' Judgments

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Evaluators often assume that outcome studies assessing agency effectiveness should pro vide the most relevant data for decision makers who must form judgments about treat ment in order to make policy, program, and clinical decisions. Yet evaluators have found that decision makers often fail to use results of evaluation studies. To shed light on the utilization problem, the research reported here was undertaken to learn about the criteria, information sources, and beliefs decision makers in the environment of nine drug treat ment agencies used to form judgments about treatment programs before evaluative data concerning outcomes became available. The results showed that decision makers in different occupations tended to use similar information sources (primarily informal verbal exchanges) yet used different evaluative criteria to judge treatment programs. The impli clations of these results for the design of evaluation studies and utilization of evaluation results are discussed.
TECHNIQUE OF ASSESSMENT OF EXPEDIENCY OF APPLICATION OF OUTSOURCING

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

One of the main criteria of successful application of production outsourcing is competent definition of degree of expediency of use of this tool at the enterprise. Reasonable combination of outsourcing and insourcing where management of them is constructed on in advance defined accurate principles, and identification of exact borders of outsourcing are pledge of effective application of this model of management at the enterprise. Therefore there is a need for a reliable technique which would allow to define competently the product components which are subject to transfer to outsourcing. The purpose of this work is development of a technique of an assessment of expediency of application of production outsourcing at the enterprise, and also definition of major factors of adoption of the administrative decision on use of this tool.The offered technique is based on matrix approach.In the real work as authors the technique of an assessment of expediency of application of production outsourcing at the enterprise is offered.Results of the real work can be of interest to heads of the large industrial enterprises, and also can be useful to further scientific researches in the field of sourcing.The offered technique allows to define competently the product components which are subject to transfer to outsourcing