jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Digitalized Surface and Volumetric Analysis of Posterior Prefabricated Zirconia Crowns for Children

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study was designed to compare the surface morphologies and volumes of posterior prefabricated zirconia crowns and posterior stainless steel crowns (SSCs) using digitalized three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images. Study design: We tested prefabricated zirconia crowns (NuSmile ZR; Orthodontic Technologies, Houston, TX, USA) and SSCs (Kids Crown; Shinhung, Seoul, Korea) used to restore left maxillary and mandibular molars. A Rainbow scanner (Dentium, Seoul, Korea) was used to digitise the inner and outer surface morphologies of all crowns. The data were superimposed and evaluated using 3D software. The differences between the outer and inner surfaces and inner volume were measured. Results: The differences between the two types of crowns differed by tooth surface. At the occlusal surface, the differences were greater at the cusp tip than the fossa. At the axial level, the differences decreased toward the gingival margins. Also, relative volumetric ratios varied. Conclusions: Tooth preparation prior to placement of prefabricated zirconia crowns requires special consideration. Greater amounts of tooth reduction are necessary for posterior zirconia crowns than for SSCs. The occlusal surface requires more tooth reduction than the axial surface and the gingival margin.
Asymptotic equivalence and adaptive estimation for robust nonparametric regression

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Asymptotic equivalence theory developed in the literature so far are only for bounded loss functions. This limits the potential applications of the theory because many commonly used loss functions in statistical inference are unbounded. In this paper we develop asymptotic equivalence results for robust nonparametric regression with unbounded loss functions. The results imply that all the Gaussian nonparametric regression procedures can be robustified in a unified way. A key step in our equivalence argument is to bin the data and then take the median of each bin.\n¶ The asymptotic equivalence results have significant practical implications. To illustrate the general principles of the equivalence argument we consider two important nonparametric inference problems: robust estimation of the regression function and the estimation of a quadratic functional. In both cases easily implementable procedures are constructed and are shown to enjoy simultaneously a high degree of robustness and adaptivity. Other problems such as construction of confidence sets and nonparametric hypothesis testing can be handled in a similar fashion.
Root parameters and grain quality of lowland rice as affected by different nutrient management practices and microbial inoculants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field study was conducted during Kharif 2016 at the research farm of ICAR Complex for NEH Region (Umiam) Barapani, Meghalaya to find out the effect of different nutrient management practices and microbial inoculants on root parameters and grain quality of lowland rice in Eastern Himalayas. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 12 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The main plots were consisted of 3 different nutrient management practices viz. 100% organic, 100% inorganic (RDF) and INM (75% RDF+ 25% FYM) while in the sub plot there were 4 treatments viz. control, Azospirillum, Azospirillum + PSB, Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSB. The results showed highest grain yield (4.27 t/ha) was recorded in INM followed by inorganic (4.08 t/ha) and organic (3.65 t/ha) nutrient management practice. The root growth parameters and better grain quality were observed in organic nutrient management practice followed by INM and inorganic nutrient management. Application of inorganic nutrient practice including mineral fertilizers at RDF showed the highest value of protein contents (7.86%) and this was followed by INM (7.75%) and organic (7.07%) management. The maximum concentrations of Zn in grain (18.65 ppm) were recorded with organic nutrient management practice was significantly higher over INM and inorganic treatment. The highest hulling percentage (68.68%) was recorded in inorganic followed by INM and organic treatment while highest milling (58.81%) and head rice recovery (51.06 %) was recorded in organic followed by inorganic and INM treatment.
P4‐036: HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY PARALLEL REACTION MONITORING MULTIPLEX ASSAYS OF HUMAN CSF PROTEINS USING MINIMUM SAMPLE PREPARATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is a general need for versatile methods that can assist in producing adequate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and theragnosis of many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a complement or alternative to the more established immunoassays. A great advantage with MS based assays is the high flexibility allowing for a high degree of customizability.Our objective was to develop MS based assays that can monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins and their isoforms using a small amount of CSF with a minimum of sample preparation. The assay should be robust and fast enough to allow analyses of larger study sets. Initially we have chosen six proteins that are present in high-to-medium amounts in CSF: Cystatin C, beta-2-microglobulin, chromogranin A, secretogranin-2, neurosecretory protein VGF, and amyloid precursor protein (APP). For APP an extended panel was utilized consisting of 18 peptides along the protein, including one present only in the 751/770 isoforms.CSF samples were divided into AD and non-AD cases based on β-amyloid, tau, and p-tau biomarkers. Samples were aliquoted, spiked with stable-isotope labeled reference peptides, and digested with trypsin. Analysis was performed using microflow liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. Less than 15 μL CSF was consumed per injection. The method has been evaluated in two small pilot studies. In the first, digestion replicates and technical replicates were analyzed for 3 AD and 3 non-AD over ten consecutive days. For the vast majority of the peptides CVs were <5%. The second, 6 AD and 6 non-AD, indicated slightly increased levels of cystatin C, beta-2-microglobulin, and APP, as well as clearly increased levels of chromogranin A, secretogranin-2, and neurosecretory protein VGF for AD. Moreover, for complex samples the advantage of high resolution instrumentation became evident because of the superior possiblity to avoid signal interferences. The assay is reproducible and consumes little amount per analysis. Preliminary results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample material. Data from a larger study, using clinically well characterized samples, is under way and will be presented.
Microscopic Analysis of Tin Whisker Growth on Tin Plated Copper Microchip Leads.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Microscopic Analysis of Tin Whisker Growth on Tin Plated Copper Microchip Leads. Get access A Rochester, A Rochester Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Burdick, D Burdick The Boeing Company, St. Louis, MO USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Aglan H Aglan Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 23, Issue S1, 1 July 2017, Pages 1774–1775, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927617009539 Published: 04 August 2017
Cancer-related information needs and treatment decision-making experiences of people with dementia in England: a multiple perspective qualitative study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Little is known about the cancer experience and support needs of people with dementia. In particular, no evidence currently exists to demonstrate the likely complex decision-making processes for this patient group and the oncology healthcare professionals (HCP) involved in their care. The aim of this study was to explore the cancer-related information needs and decision-making experiences of patients with cancer and comorbid dementia, their informal caregivers and oncology HCPs. Design Cross-sectional qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were conducted face to face with participants. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed prior to thematic analysis. Setting Patients with a diagnosis of cancer and dementia, their informal caregivers and oncology HCPs involved in their care, all recruited from a regional treatment cancer centre. Participants Purposeful sample of 10 patients with a diagnosis of cancer–dementia, informal caregivers (n=9) and oncology HCPs (n=12). Results Four themes were identified: (1) leading to the initial consultation—HCPs require more detailed information on the functional impact of dementia and how it may influence cancer treatment options prior to meeting the patient; (2) communicating clinically relevant information—informal caregivers are relied on to provide patient information, advocate for the patient and support decision-making; (3) adjustments to cancer care—patients with dementia get through treatment with the help of their family and (4) following completion of cancer treatment—there are continuing information needs. Oncology HCPs discussed their need to consult specialists in dementia care to support treatment decision-making. Conclusions Although patients with cancer–dementia are involved in their treatment decision-making, informal caregivers are generally crucial in supporting this process. Individual patient needs and circumstances related to their cancer must be considered in the context of dementia prognosis highlighting complexities of decision-making in this population. Oncology teams should strive to involve healthcare staff with dementia expertise as early as possible in the cancer pathway.
Analysis of Volatile Components in Silkworm Pupae by Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction Coupled with GC-MS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE) coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were used to analyze and compare the volatile components in silkworm pupae from reeled cocoons and fresh cocoons.The results showed that totally 54 volatile compounds,including 2 esters,7 alcohols,18 hydrocarbons,6 aldehydes and ketones,3 sulfur compounds,11 aromatics,7 other compounds,were identified in silkworm pupae from reeled cocoons.Their molecular weights were in the range of 84 D to 394 D.And totally 16 volatile compounds,including 2 esters,1 alcohol,5 hydrocarbons,1 aldehyde,1 sulfur compound,3 aromatics,3 other compounds,were identified in silkworm pupae from fresh cocoons.Their molecular weights were in the range of 92 D to 354 D.Mass fraction of 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol was the highest among the volatile compounds in silkworm pupae from both reeled and fresh cocoons,being 7.38% and 31.00%,respectively.Mass fraction of tributyl phosphate ranked the second among the volatile compounds,being 5.98% and 10.06%,respectively.In conclusion,the synergistic effect of the volatile compounds in silkworm pupae from reeled cocoons and from fresh cocoons attributes to their unique odor,respectively.
If you’re not bothered, neither am I: The implications of disengaged obese patients for clinician education.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Obesity is a major factor leading to over 36 million deaths annually worldwide, often related to diabetes and cardio-vascular disease. In light of premature mortality, increasing morbidity and healthcare costs, clinical practice is under scrutiny to improve management practices. However it is acknowledged globally that obesity management strategies are failing to have an impact. Aim: to establish healthcare clinicians’ attitudes towards patients with obesity and test the extent their attitudes influence obesity management.Methods: This innovative study generated online vignettes via Factorial Survey Design methods to assess clinician obesity management. Attitude measures assessed anti-fat bias. Data were collected anonymously from a multi-professional convenience sample in a virtual research site. Multiple gatekeepers in four sites emailed invitations to potential participants who participated via a hyperlink. Volunteers self-administered vignettes with integrated patient photographs, demographic questions and attitude measures. Completion provided instant personalised obesity attitude feedback. Analysis utilised multivariate regression, ANOVA and summary statistics. Results: n=427 (79% female), 48% nurses, 35% doctors, 9% dietitians with 59% post registrants / 33% pre registrants. A widespread anti-fat bias was identified. Vignettes portraying patient ambivalence and lack of motivation were associated with statistically significant clinician disengagement via reduced motivation, decreased likelihood of discussing weight and decreased time spent with the patient.Conclusion: By improving understanding of clinician engagement with obese patients this study will inform the development of more targeted educational interventions aimed at improving obesity management.
ETYMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING FUTURE PHYSICIANS’ TERMINOLOGICAL COMPETENCE AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many medical terms have been replaced by descriptive names taken from everyday vocabulary, ancient mythology, etc. due to the lack of an appropriate term reflecting a body organ or a disease in ancient times. Knowing the etymology of the medical terms contributes to their deeper and better understanding, memorizing and practical use by highly qualified future physicians. All of these issues prompted us to write the article. Latin was the international language of medicine until the 18th century. Greek terms were created at the times of Hippocrates, Galen and their precursors. Aul Cornelius Celsus established the basis of Latin medical terminology as well as Latin terms were created in the Middle Ages. Most of the Greek terms were Latinized. Modern European languages vocabulary gradually penetrated into medical terminology only in the 19th century. Much of the medical vocabulary consists of the names due to metaphorization phenomenon of common names, and the names of household items. Such names can be subdivided into three groups according to a theory of nomination. The first group includes lexe­mes according to the association in appearance, e.g., membrana arachnoidea (derives from Geek αραχνη (arachne, es f–a “spider”)) has English equivalent the “arachnoid membrane” of the brain. The second group covers terms due to functional similarity, e.g., incus, ūdis f denoting an “anvil” or “incus” (one of the auditory ossicles contained in the tympanic cavity) resembling the anvil used in black­smithing. Both terms according to the association in appearance and functional similarity belong to the third group, e.g., pelvis, is f denotes a “basin” or “container” in colloquial language and it means a “pelvis” in anatomy, e.g, pelvis minor – the “lesser or true pelvis”, pelvis maior – the “greater pelvis”. The prospects of further research are in the study of mythonyms and eponyms according to the great importance of developing future physicians’ terminological competence and clinical thinking.
Re‐Remembering the Mandate: Historiographical Debates and Revisionist History in the Study of British Palestine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Over the past 20 years, historians have been engaged in a critical reappraisal of the history of Israel and Palestine. Spurred on by the work of Israeli ‘New Historians’ and Palestinian revisionists, the field has seen a sustained challenge to the crude narratives of conventional nationalist historiography. This article investigates the impact of this reappraisal on the study of British rule in Palestine (1917–1948), arguing that while the work of the new historians has been useful in opening up debate about the nature of Zionist development, Israeli revisionist history has done a poor job of considering how Jews and Arabs lived and worked together under British rule. To get away from the distorted idea that Jews and Arabs developed in communities that were closed‐off from each other, we need to adopt an approach that treats them as participants in the same narrative, a perspective adopted by historians who use a ‘relational history’ approach to understanding the Mandate. The paper concludes that the most promising development in the field has been the integration of new voices and primary sources into scholarship, but cautions that, in our quest to understand the lives of the colonized, we may be missing opportunities to reconsider the nature of British colonial rule.
Cooperative Education and Its Impact on the Student Learning Outcomes of Business Undergraduate Students

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

During a college undergraduate's scholastic experience, it should be recognized that learning occurs in many ways, in different places and times, and through a variety of interactions. Deep and enhanced learning transpires when individuals are provided with a complex set of activities to grasp emerging concepts. The study of experiential learning, and cooperative education (co-op) in particular, is significant because it can inform how experiential teaching and learning can help students meet the contemporary challenges of the workplace. The educational experience of each student naturally extends beyond the classroom, and, while ultimately the entire learning experience is unique to each student, an institution that introduces experiential elements, such as a cooperative education, in the curriculum design believes in the academic importance of these elements. Such institutions consider to varying levels of strategies for integration within the total academic experience, rather a niche for these institutions. Within the framework of this study, through an investigation of established student and employer co-op surveys for business majors having participated in three cooperative education experiences, the research provides insights into their perceptions of co-op in the academic experience. This research investigates the extent to which work attributes developed during three co-op terms influenced the learning outcomes of business administration students at Drexel University. The researcher investigated whether students increased in their work attributes while in the co-op program and then mapped the work attributes to the student learning outcomes prescribed by a college of business. Through interviews, the researcher further examined whether feedback collected after the students' co-op experiences was being used to shape the curriculum and guide student development. The findings reveal limitations and opportunities in the survey instrument that may lead to refined survey design and learning outcomes assessment strategies, as well as the increased use of survey data to inform curriculum content and design.
Inflation, output gap, and money in Malaysia: evidence from wavelet coherence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigated the relationship among inflation, output gap, and money in the time–frequency space for Malaysia over the period 1986:2–2008:12. We utilised the wavelet coherence and phase difference in continuous wavelet analysis and multiresolution in discrete wavelet analysis. We then developed a DWT–based Diebold–Yilmaz index to measure scale–specific spillover. First, we used the approaches to examine the strength, co–movement, and synchronisation among the variables. We further examined whether the relationship is cyclical or anti–cyclical. Wavelet coherence and phase difference show that money growth and output gap are coherent in low and middle frequencies. Moreover, we found output gap to be a leading variable often. We also noticed evidence of both cyclical and anti–cyclical relationships among the variables. The DWT–based Diebold–Yilmaz spillover index shows the extent of the dynamic interactions among the variables both over time and over frequency.
Dissecting Impacts of Nutrition on Epistasis and Ethnicity-Specific Effects of Calibrated Factor VIII Level in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is determined mainly by genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as diet. Factor VIII (FVIII) is an informative intermediate phenotype concerning atherosclerosis. An elevated plasma level of FVIII is considered a significant risk factor for CVD, providing an earlier subclinical measure to predict CVD liability. However, many studies have been investigated using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis data, but very few studies have studied FVIII and nutrition factors together using a linear mixed model. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using a mixed linear model including epistatic genetic effects, ethnicity-specific effects, and one cofactor (nutrition), aiming to investigate novel loci associated with Factor VIII level and the contribution due to the nutrition factor by comparing genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the baseline and conditional models. Results A total of five quantitative trait SNPs at five genes have been identified in this study related to nutrition entirely or partially. One SNP (rs13428770) was associated with red blood cell count, two were in protein-coding genes, and the other two were in unknown non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes associated with the FVIII level individually or epistatically. Two ethnicity-specific epistasis effect (rs17326624 × rs1468382) is identified in the European-American and African-American population. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that various Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways are associated with FVIII and nutrients in this study. The vital role of FVIII was further documented by the fact that the detected genetic factors are associated with CVD. Conclusions This study used a novel approach considering QTS by ethnicity interaction effects and applied conditional mapping by setting different kinds of nutrition as a cofactor in the statistic model. The nutrition factors strongly influence the genetic effects of detected SNPs, although the exact mechanism remains unidentified. This study offered that ethnicity-specific response needs to be considered in personal medical treatment and might reveal the impacts on specific QTS effects due to nutrition.
Community Policing and Drugs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapter explores the services that community policing can offer in solving the drug problem. The Police and the Criminal justice system have responded to drugs with a tough, aggressive response, however, it does not appear that this response has had much of an impact on the problem. The drug problem results in mounting frustration within the society. This frustration has led to a continuation of the same old draconian solutions. Another problem with traditional methods of controlling drugs is that they erode cherished civil rights. The courts on a number of occasions have rendered decisions that substantially limit or reduce citizens' rights. Community policing offers an approach to the drug and crime problems. Community policing is more than the weed-and-seed programs. The programs are designed to couple enforcement with community building. The history has proven that the police are not being successful in ridding society of drug and crime problems by focusing singularly on enforcement; the police also must be actively involved in community building.