jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Initial Adoption vs. Institutionalization of E-Procurement in Construction Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores the role of government in fostering construction firms move from initial adoption to institutionalization of e-procurement in developing countries' context. It proposes the research model that consists of five external environmental constructs that are considered as factors influencing the different levels of e-procurement adoption. It uses PLS-SEM to analyze the data collected from 112 construction businesses in Vietnam in 2012. It finds that the role of government has an extremely significant influence on a decision of initial adoption of e-procurement in construction enterprises through government leadership, legal and regulatory infrastructure, information and technology infrastructure (ITI), and socio-economic and knowledge infrastructure. However, the role of government is less important to a decision of institutionalization of e-procurement when only ITI significantly influences on the decision-making. As a result, useful theoretical and practical implications are proposed.
Modeling of linear and nonlinear quantitative structure property relationships of the aqueous solubility of phenol derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantitative structure?solubility relationships (QSSR) are considered as a type of Quantitative structure?property relationship (QSPR) study in which aqueous solubility of chemicals are related to chemical structure. In the present work, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were used for QSSR studies of the water solubility of 68 phenols (phenol and its derivatives) based on molecular descriptors calculated from the optimized 3D structures. By applying missing value, zero and multicollinearity tests with a cutoff value of 0.95, and a genetic algorithm (GA), the descriptors that resulted in the best fitted models were selected. After descriptor selection, multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to construct a linear QSSR model. The R2 = 91.0 %, LOO Q2 = 89.33 %, s = 0.340 values of the model developed by MLR showed a good predictive capability for log S values of phenol and its derivatives. The results of MLR model were compared with those of the ANN model. the comparison showed that the R2 = 94.99 %, s = 0.245 of ANN were higher and lower, respectively, which illustrated an ANN presents an excellent alternative to develop a QSSR model for the log S values of phenols to MLR.
Factors Influencing the Development of Resistance in Escherichia Coli to the Sulfonamides

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The total resistance to a drug shown by a bacterium in a particular medium is defined in terms of the molar drug concentration required to inhibit the rate of growth by 50 per cent. A method of analysis is provided which permits any change in the total resistance to be assigned to either the bacterium (Rfb) or the environment (Rfe) in which the measurement of resistance is made. The application of this analysis to strains of E. coli trained to grow in media containing sulfanilamide showed the following. Strain trained on sulfanilamide in salt-glucose medium. Tested in salt-glucose medium, the increase in resistance was found to be 3-fold against both sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole. The same result was obtained when the strain was tested in peptone medium. Strain trained on sulfanilamide in peptone medium. Tested in salt-glucose medium, the strain showed a 3-fold increase in resistance to both sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole. Tested in peptone medium, however, it showed a 5.6-fold increase to sulfanilamide and a 21-fold increase to sulfathiazole. Strain trained on peptone medium, pH 7.8. Tested in salt-glucose medium, it showed little change in resistance. Tested in peptone medium it showed a 15-fold increase to the sulfanilamide and a 100-fold increase to sulfathiazole. It is concluded that the resistance of the bacterium not only depends upon the medium in which training occurred, but also upon the medium in which the measure of resistance is made. Furthermore, since the development of resistance to sulfanilamide does not always parallel that to sulfathiazole, it appears that the mode of action of these two drugs, though similar, is not identical.
Options for the doctrine of Crown immunity in 21st century Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reviews the historical basis of the doctrine by which the Crown is said to be immune from statute. It finds the evidence in favour of Crown immunity to be equivocal. The article then considers arguments for reform of the current limited Crown immunity doctrine, including complete abolition of the doctrine, a presumption that the Crown is bound by statute, and whether different rules should apply in respect of Crown prerogatives.
CO2 Storage Potential of the Norwegian Continental Shelf

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary A CO2 storage atlas of the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) was elaborated by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) on request from the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy in the period 2011 to 2013 (npd.no). The atlas documents the distribution and properties of the main aquifers, which are evaluated to have an interesting storage potential for CO2. The procedure for compiling the atlas was to screen all reservoir formations between 700 and 3500 m depth. In order to avoid conflict of interests with the petroleum industry, studies of CO2 injection into saline aquifers were mainly restricted to areas where the generation and migration of hydrocarbons is considered to be limited. The results/ atlas material is now available on an interactive map called CO2 FactMap. This application gives you the possibility to explore the assessment result, and is also suited for mobile devices.
Christelike etiek vanuit die perspektief van naasteliefde: Rudolf Bultmann en Stoïsynse etiek

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Christian ethics from the perspective of neighbourly love: Rudolf Bultmann and Stoic ethics. This article consists of various sections. The first concerns a cultural-sensitive explanation of the meaning of the term ‘neighbour’. The second exemplifies Rudolf Bultmann’s understanding of the meaning of the love commandment which is found in the Jesus tradition and in the New Testament. This explanation represents a paraphrase of Bultmann’s reflection on the notion ’neighbourly love’ in Afrikaans. The article elaborates on Bultmann’s interpretation by means of expanded exegetical comments. The article also endorses Bultmann’s juxtaposition of Christian ethics with Greek Stoic ethics. This Greek heritage is described in an expanded way. The article discusses Bultmann’s understanding of neighbourly love within the context of the core values of his hermeneutics. The results are made relevant for the present-day Christian ethical perspective on the adherence to the so-called natural law, applied to the South African sociopolitical situation.
Ownership Succession Financing and Firm Growth: a Multiple Mediator Approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Drawing upon the (Behavioral) Agency Model, we build a conceptual model that provides detailed theoretical explanations regarding the effect of ownership succession financing on post-succession growth of private family firms. In particular, relationships among the succession financing choice (independent variable), post-succession growth (dependent variable), risk taking (mediating variable), payout (mediating variable) and corporate governance (moderating variable) are proposed. In contrast to management succession, ownership transfers involve the acquisition of a major shareholder stake and, therefore, the financing of this acquisition is a crucial element of ownership succession. We propose that financing choices inherent to intra-family ownership transfers may influence successor’s self-interested behavioral tendencies with respect to risk taking and the extraction of firm resources, which, in turn, may damage firm growth. This study will enhance family business researchers’ insights on successors’ risk attitudes and payout preferences and, ultimately, post-succession development paths of the family firm.
Is HIV/AIDS a consequence or divine judgment? Implications for faith-based social services. A Nigerian faith-based university's study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A contemporary reading of Romans 1:27 was disguised as a saying by Paul Benjamin, AD 58 and administered to 275 randomly selected members of a private Christian university community in south western Nigeria in West Africa. Participants were asked to respond to a two-item questionnaire on their perception of the cause of HIV/AIDS either as a judgment from God or consequence of individual lifestyle choices. The apparent consensus drifted in the direction of God as the culprit handing down his judgment to perpetrators of evil who engage in the homosexual lifestyle. The goal of this paper was to examine the implications of a judgmental stance on addressing the psychosocial needs of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in religious environments. It also explores how service providers in faith-based environments can work around the Judgment versus Consequence tussle in providing non-discriminatory services to persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.
Re-description of Hoffeinsodes inexpectatus (Wagner, 2012) (Psychodidae, Bruchomyiinae) from Baltic amber

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article WAGNER, RÜDIGER, HOFFEINS, CHRISTEL, HOFFEINS, HANS WERNER (2021): Re-description of Hoffeinsodes inexpectatus (Wagner, 2012) (Psychodidae, Bruchomyiinae) from Baltic amber. Palaeoentomology 4 (1): 15-18, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.2
Ribosome binding site analysis of ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The region of the ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNAov) molecule bound to the 40S ribosomal subunit and its associated initiation factors in the wheat germ cell-free translation system were isolated and characterized. Two mRNAov fragments, 87 and 92 nucleotides in length, were protected from T1 ribonuclease digestion by binding of guanosine 5',beta,gamma-methylenetriphosphate and were shown by hybridization and fingerprint mapping to be derived from the 5' end of mRNAov. Both these mRNAov fragments were of sufficient length to contain both the cap structure and the AUG initiation codon. Four T1-resistant oligonucleotides, prepared by direct digestion of mRNAov with T1 ribonuclease were also found to bind to the wheat germ 40S ribosomal subunit. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these oligonucleotides revealed (1) that they were not a subset of the ribosome binding fragments described above, (2) that they were derived from within the mRNAov molecule (one from within the coding region and three from the noncoding region at the 3' end of the mRNAov molecule), and (3) that three of the four mRNAov nucleotides contained 3'-terminal AUG trinucleotides. These data suggested that features of the mRNAov molecule in addition to the nucleotide sequence might be important in specifying the correct ribosome binding site for the initiation of protein synthesis. The amount of mRNAov bound to the wheat germ 40S ribosomal subunit in a preinitiation complex was found to vary inversely with the potassium ion concentration. Lowering the potassium concentration to levels suboptimal for translation also resulted in the protection of larger fragments of the mRNAov molecule derived from the same 5'-end region as the ribosome binding fragments described above. The ability of the cap analogue 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate (m7G5'p) to reduce the amount of mRNAov bound to the wheat germ 40S ribosomal subunit was found to depend directly on thepotassium concentration. Interestingly, the effects of potassium on the amount of mRNAov bound in a preinitiation complex and the inhibition of this binding by m7G5'p could be observed by changing the potassium concentration after binding had occurred. These data suggested that the interaction between the wheat germ 40S ribosomal subunit and mRNAov was very sensitive to the ionic environment.
Innovation in Nixtamalization by Extrusion Using the Wet Process

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extrusion wet milling nixtamalization (EWMN) is an innovative process that combines traditional nixtamalization with wet extrusion technology to produce high-quality corn products. As is known, wet extrusion technology is an HTST (high-temperature short-time) process and nixtamalization is an LTLT (low-temperature long-time) process. So, EWMN is the combination of these two technologies. It is used in high moisture, low temperature, low screw velocity and the corn grain is milled at 3 mm size. EWMN is based on mixing corn with water and lime, creating a homogeneous masa that is subjected to an extrusion process using a screw or double screw. The operating parameters, such as humidity, cooking time, production speed, and shear, are critical in this process and must be carefully controlled to obtain the desired product texture and characteristics. After extrusion, the product is dried to reduce humidity to safe and desirable levels for storage. This step is essential to increase the life of the final product. In summary, corn nixtamalization extrusion combines the traditional nixtamalization technique with wet extrusion, resulting in high-quality corn products, better digestibility, and efficiency compared to conventional processes. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for corn-based food production.
Effect of anthropometric and sociodemographic variables on physical activity levels of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Objectives: Physical inactivity plays a major role in promoting disease outcome, but physical activity enhances effective prevention and treatment of chronic diseases; hence, this study was to determine the effect of anthropometric and demographic factors on the physical activity level of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on antiretroviral therapy. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional method of descriptive research design. A sample size of 170 participants was recruited for this research comprising 113 females and 57 males, who after obtaining their informed consent were issued questionnaires which they meticulously filled under a proper guidance. The participants were almost proportionally distributed across the three levels of physical activity, though about half of them had a normal weight of body mass index (BMI) based on the information obtained. Results: The study showed that physical activity according to age significantly affected the BMI ( P < 0.05). Physical activity level according to gender had no statistically significant effect on BMI of people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral drugs ( P > 0.05). However, it was observed that gender had a significant determining effect on BMI, though not related to PAL. Conclusions: The findings possibly imply that the psychological effect and the stigma may be the determining factors for the unwillingness to engage in physical activities. This calls for a renewed sensitization and orientation in this aspect.
Expression of an omega-conotoxin-sensitive calcium channel in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA from Torpedo electric lobe.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Xenopus laevis oocytes were injected with poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the electric lobe of Torpedo californica. Six to nine days after mRNA injection of the oocytes a cadmium-sensitive inward current could be detected in oocytes bathed in a calcium- and chloride-free solution containing 40 mM barium. This inward current could be distinguished from the native barium current of control oocytes by its high sensitivity to blockade by cadmium ions and its inhibition by omega-conotoxin, a peptide neurotoxin from Conus geographicus. Neither the current of control cells nor that of injected cells was detectably affected by nisoldipine (1 microM) or nitrendipine (1 microM). However, the barium current of control oocytes showed appreciably more inactivation (in the barium solution used for recording) than the omega-conotoxin-sensitive current that develops in mRNA-injected oocytes. Culturing of mRNA-injected oocytes in medium containing actinomycin D failed to prevent the appearance of the omega-conotoxin-sensitive current. These results support the conclusion that mRNA from Torpedo electric lobe is translated to produce an additional calcium channel in Xenopus oocytes. The features of this channel suggest that it may be the same type of calcium channel that controls transmitter release at nerve endings in Torpedo electroplax.
MATNLI MA'LUMOTLARNI QAYTA ISHLASH VA TASNIFLASH MODELLARI TAHLILI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today, there are many text data processing and classification models available, and the demand for advanced deep learning methods is increasing. This work presents an analysis of CNN, RNN, and Transformer models based on neural networks for text data processing and classification, which are popular models of natural language processing (NLP) technologies.
Evolving therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is rising, although the disease is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as asthma. Early diagnosis and intervention in the primary care setting may improve outcomes and reduce the overall burden of COPD and its comorbidities. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment in international and national guidelines, with long-acting agents administered alone or as part of a combination regimen in patients who are persistently symptomatic and/or at high risk of COPD exacerbations. Here, we report results of a systematic literature search to review the evidence supporting several approved bronchodilator monotherapies, as well as dual bronchodilator treatment, combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids plus one or two bronchodilators and other emerging COPD treatment options.
Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Intestinal Parasitoses Among Students in the City of Bocaranga, Central African Republic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites among students in schools in the Boca Ranga health district in CAR. Patients and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from August to November 2023, on pupils from various schools in Bocaranga. A questionnaire was completed for each pupil. Stool samples collected at home or at the laboratory were spread out on slides in a drop of physiological water and lugol solution, then read under a read under a 10X10 and 10X40 microscope. Demographic, clinical and parasitological data were collected, entered and analyzed on Epi info version 7. Results: Out of 389 students included, 319 (82.01%) were infested. Boys were more affected (53.92%). The 11-15 age group was the most affected (52%). Pupils from farming families (53.20%) were the most infested. Helminths dominated (41.3%), especially Ascaris lumbricids (31.34%), followed by protozoa (Giardia intestinalis, 9.72%), yeasts (10.65%) and polyparasitism (6.26%). Conclusion: Our study espectáculos a high prevalence of intestinal parasitoses among students in the city of Bocaranga. It is therefore appropriate to reframe national programs to combat parasite infestations, especially in schools.
Progress in Research of Chromosome Segment Substitution Line Carrying Overlapping Chromosome Segments of the Whole Wild Rice Genome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wild rice has adapted to weather and unfavorable environments under natural selection. It has been well recognized as a natural gene bank that conserves a lot of specific genes presently not available for extinct in the cultivated rice. The chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs) were perfect materials for analysis of gene. Developing the CSSLs can not only search and use the new gene resource,but also can achieve the development of span mode of plant molecular breeding from utilizing single gene to synthetically exploiting genome. In this paper, the principle of developing the CSSLs was described, the research progress in construction and application was reviewed, and the prospect was discussed. So that it could provide a base for utilization of wild rice resource.
Aging and Endurance Training Alters Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Dynamics in Rat Skeletal Muscle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondria undergo constant changes in shape, localization and number regulated by dynamic fusion, fission and motility events. In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion is largely mediated by mitofusin (Mfn1 and 2) whereas fission is controlled mainly by Fis1 and the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). PURPOSE: To investigate how aging and exercise training affect the gene expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (N=8): young control (YC), young trained (YT); middle-age control (MC), middle-age trained (MT); old control (OC) and old trained (OT). Trained rats ran on treadmill (64%VO2max) at 15 m/min, 5% grade for 45 min/day, 5 days/wk for 12 wks. Rats were killed at 5, 15 and 20 mo of age. Soleus and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were harvested 48 h after last training bout at rest. RESULTS: Mfn1 mRNA level measured by RT-PCR was decreased in OC vs. YC (P<0.05) in VL, whereas Mfn1 protein content measured by Western blot was lower in OC (P<0.05) in soleus. Mfn2 mRNA level was lowered with age in both muscles (P<0.05). Training increased both Mfn1and Mfn2 mRNA levels (P<0.01) in soleus and VL, but Mfn1/2 protein content was unaltered. Both soleus and VL showed higher Fis1 mRNA levels in MC and OC vs. YC (P<0.01), and elevated mRNA with training was observed in all age groups (P<0.01). Fis1 protein content was also elevated with aging and training in soleus (P<0.01) and VL (P<0.05). Increased Drp1 mRNA and protein levels were observed in OC vs. YC (P<0,01) in both muscles, and with training (P<0.01). Subsarcolemma and intramyofibrial mitochondrial density was not affected by age but increased with training in soleu and VL (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial fusion protein expression is decreased whereas fission protein expression is elevated with aging in rat skeletal muscle. Endurance training stimulates both fusion and fission proteins expression suggesting a dynamic mitochondrial turnover and biogenesis.