jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fast 3D Mapping Solution with UAV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The photogrammetric method of 3D mapping uses Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm, where 3D structures of a scene are created from 2D sets of data taken from multiple angles. This 3D mapping process is used in many advanced and important applications in the digital and robotics industry. The use of omnidirectional camera along with UAV for this photogrammetric process allows faster data acquisition and data processing to construct 3D structures compared to traditional method. However, the metric accuracy of spherical photogrammetry is relatively less compared to traditional framed camera photogrammetry. Hence, this research will focus on improving metric accuracy of spherical photogrammetry by enhancing SfM algorithm for the purpose of providing an enhanced and value-added fast 3D mapping solution using UAV. The research was conducted at 4 main levels. 1) Data acquisition phase, where the 360-degree camera with GPS tracker are attached to a UAV, and it is used to collect different sets of images at different heights and angles. 2) Camera calibration, for the purpose of identifying the camera intrinsic and extrinsic. These 2 parameters are crucial in feature detection and camera position estimation. 3) Data processing phase, where the collected data would be processed through the enhanced SfM algorithm to create the 3D structures. 4) Data analysis phase, where the 3D model created from enhanced SfM algorithm would be compared against a reference 3D model created by commercial software. However, the results attained were not as expected due to undesired feature detection process. This research is expected to help geographical and land surveyors to conduct surveys at a faster, more efficient and at a higher accuracy. A practical use case of this solution is to survey the terrain of an area under natural disaster, accurately and faster for search and rescue missions.
RESEARCH INTO THE FIRE PROPERTIES OF WOOD PRODUCTS MOST FREQUENTLY USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Analysis of various wood products tested under the exposure to 30 kW/m2, 35 kW/m2, 40 kW/m2, 45 kW/m2and 50 kW/m2 heat flows in accordance with LST ISO 5657:1999 “Reaction to fire tests – ignitibility of building products using a radiant heat source” was performed. Selected boards were subjected to reaction to fire tests in accordance with LST EN 13823:2010 “Reaction to fire tests for building products”. The tests were performed on 6 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm thick oriented strand boards (OSBs) and 24-mm thick wood particle boards (WPBs), both impregnated with BAK-1 fire retardant solution and non-impregnated. The average time to ignition (TTI) was determined. The impact of the impregnator on heat release rate, smoke formation and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in the course of combustion of impregnated and non-impregnated OSB and WPB was studied. In the course of the research, statistical analysis was performed and empirical equations and their correlation coefficients were obtained. Conclusions were formulated at the end of the study.
Pengenalan Objek Museum dan Monumen PETA Menggunakan Markerless Augmented Reality Berbasis Android

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

PETA Museum and Monument is a museum that collects various kinds of historical objects that are very important to the Indonesian people. To keep up with the times, there is an idea to apply Augmented Reality technology which is expected to make it easier for museums to introduce objects to the public. Augmented Reality is a technology that combines an artificial engineering object that has been made previously with the real world in real time. Artificial engineering objects can be in the form of 2-dimensional images or 3-dimensional images, but 2-dimensional images can only be seen from one direction, while 3-dimensional images can be seen from all directions, for example the front, left side, back, right side, up and down . There are several Augmented Reality methods for bringing up engineering objects, including using the marker method where the method requires a marker to bring up the object, but Augmented Reality has been developed to produce a new method that makes it easier for users, namely the Markerless method which is unnecessary again a marker for displaying engineering objects because the system has recognized various surrounding environmental surfaces such as recognizing object shapes, face shapes, plane shapes and so on. So that objects can be displayed in various places without the need for tools such as markers or box-shaped objects. Based on statcounter.com data, it is known that in 2020 the largest operating system in Indonesia is the Android operating system with a market share of 92.3% and is supported by data from statista.com which shows smartphone users in Indonesia are 81.87 million users. The use of Augmented Reality in the introduction of museum objects and map monuments is expected to assist museums in the introduction of using technology.
Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Uncoordinated Coupling Between Higher Education and Regional Economy in Yunnan Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between higher education and regional economy has always been a hot topic in academic circles. This paper explored the influencing factors of the uncoordinated coupling between higher education and regional economy in Yunnan Province from 2010-2021. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, based on spatial durbin model, it studied the influence of the per capita disposable income of urban residents on the uncoordinated coupling between higher education and regional economy. The results show that per capita disposable income has a positive effect on the coordinated development between higher education and regional economy, but it has negative effect on the coordinated development between higher education and regional economy in neighboring cities. Secondly, A spatial heterogeneity analysis was based on the background of “Double First-rate”. The results show that after “Double First-rate”, the per capita disposable income of urban residents reduces the uncoordinated coupling between local higher education and regional economy, but improves the uncoordinated development between higher education and regional economy in the neighboring areas. Finally, expenditure on education and science both play a completely mediating role in the relationship between the per capita disposable income and uncoordinated coupling.
Peculiarities of Arctic Ichthyofauna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An audit of the marine and freshwater ichthyofauna of the Arctic has been carried out. According to new data, the ichthyofauna of the Arctic is represented by 4 classes, 33 orders, 103 families, 251 genera and 479 species of cyclostomes and fish (or about 1% of the world fauna), of which 214 species or 45% of the number of species in the Arctic are true Arctic species. Arctic fish are characterized by polymorphism and euryphagy, which are associated with the variable and low food supply of northern water bodies. The ichthyofauna of the Arctic is well represented by taxa with a wide adaptive radiation (genera Coregonus, Salvelinus, Lycodes, etc.) and species with a complex intraspecific structure such as superspecies or species-complex. Another characteristic feature of the Arctic is low endemism of ichthyofauna at the level of families (5%), genera (2%) and species (10%). Possible routes of distribution of whitefish and pike in the water bodies of the North have been discussed.
The effectiveness of randomized complete block design

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines the relative efficiency of randomized complete block design as compared with that of completely randomized design. The most widely used measure of relative efficiency considers only the error variances of the two designs, therefore it does not provide the complete information concerning the sensitivity of the experiment in the final results. We study three alternative criteria related to the sensitivity issue and design planning consideration. The proposed relative measures employ the p ‐value, Scheffé confidence interval estimation and power of both designs. The distinct feature of this study is the focus on the estimated relative efficiency measures and their relation with the coefficient of partial determination between responses and block effects, given that treatment effects are present in the models. Furthermore, informative visual representations and numerical assessments of various aspects of their properties are also presented.
An Investigation of Spanish SME Innovation during Different Economic Conditions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates product, process, and management innovation among a sample of Spanish manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) during the current economic downturn and a period of economic growth. Tobit analyses examined whether the level of process, product, and management innovation changed during the recessionary period relative to the expansionary period; and MCO estimations were used to show whether the recession affected the relationship between SME innovation and performance. Three main findings are: (1) innovation among Spanish manufacturing SMEs declined during the recent economic crisis; (2) the type of innovation at Spanish manufacturing SMEs changed during different economic conditions; and (3) innovation was positively associated with firm performance during the economic expansion and recession years. The results demonstrate the importance of adopting innovation into SME strategy over the business cycle. The findings have relevance to SMEs, government policymakers, and providers of consulting services.
Invariant Clusters for Hybrid Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically compute invariant clusters for semialgebraic hybrid systems. An invariant cluster for an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a multivariate polynomial invariant g(u,x)=0, parametric in u, which can yield an infinite number of concrete invariants by assigning different values to u so that every trajectory of the system can be overapproximated precisely by a union of concrete invariants. For semialgebraic systems, which involve ODEs with multivariate polynomial vector flow, invariant clusters can be obtained by first computing the remainder of the Lie derivative of a template multivariate polynomial w.r.t. its Groebner basis and then solving the system of polynomial equations obtained from the coefficients of the remainder. Based on invariant clusters and sum-of-squares (SOS) programming, we present a new method for the safety verification of hybrid systems. Experiments on nonlinear benchmark systems from biology and control theory show that our approach is effective and efficient.
Unveiling the Power of Noise Priors: Enhancing Diffusion Models for Mobile Traffic Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate prediction of mobile traffic, i.e., network traffic from cellular base stations, is crucial for optimizing network performance and supporting urban development. However, the non-stationary nature of mobile traffic, driven by human activity and environmental changes, leads to both regular patterns and abrupt variations. Diffusion models excel in capturing such complex temporal dynamics due to their ability to capture the inherent uncertainties. Most existing approaches prioritize designing novel denoising networks but often neglect the critical role of noise itself, potentially leading to sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we introduce a novel perspective by emphasizing the role of noise in the denoising process. Our analysis reveals that noise fundamentally shapes mobile traffic predictions, exhibiting distinct and consistent patterns. We propose NPDiff, a framework that decomposes noise into prior and residual components, with the prior} derived from data dynamics, enhancing the model's ability to capture both regular and abrupt variations. NPDiff can seamlessly integrate with various diffusion-based prediction models, delivering predictions that are effective, efficient, and robust. Extensive experiments demonstrate that it achieves superior performance with an improvement over 30\%, offering a new perspective on leveraging diffusion models in this domain. We provide code and data at https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/NPDiff.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Several Agriculture By-Products

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) on activated carbon prepared from several agriculture by-products via sulphuric acid-treatment were compared and the best concentration of sulphuric acid for carbonization were evaluated. It is confirmed that peanut shell is best material for the absorption of Cr(VI) ion from aqueous solution among hybrid giant napier straw, rice husk and commercial activated carbon in this study. The effects of agitation time, solution pH, temperature and Cr(VI) initial concentration on Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. The 3:1 volume ratio of sulphuric acid : deionized water is the optimal concentration for Cr(VI) biosorption for peanut shell carbonization. Cr(VI) adsorption is highly dependent on solution pH. Initial solution pH =1.5 was the most favorable pH for Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) biosorption increases with increasing initial concentration, agitation time and solution temperature. The adsorption kinetics is found well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium data are best represented by Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of carbonized peanut shell for Cr(VI) reached 26.22 mg/g.
A perfusion chamber developed to investigate platelet interaction in flowing blood with human vessel wall cells, their extracellular matrix, and purified components.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A flat perfusion chamber was developed to study the interaction of blood platelets in flowing blood with cultured human vessel wall cells, their connective tissue matrix, and isolated connective tissue components at defined shear rate conditions. A cover slip covered with endothelial cells or extracellular matrix components was introduced into the chamber. Laser-Doppler velocimetry showed a symmetrical flow profile at flow rates between 50 and 150 ml/min (wall shear rate 300 to 1100 sec-1). Platelet deposition was estimated by using blood platelets labeled with indium-111 or by a morphometric method. Blood platelets did not adhere to endothelial cells at wall shear rates of 765 sec-1 and the endothelial cells remained attached for at least 10 min of perfusion. In preconfluent cultures of endothelial cells, blood platelets adhered to extracellular material in areas between the cells. Removal of endothelial cells by treatment with 0.5% Triton X-100 induced increased platelet adherence with a preference for certain, as yet unidentified, fibrillar structures of the extracellular matrix. Platelet adherence to equine collagen was also studied after coating the cover slips by spraying of small collagen droplets followed by air drying. Platelet adherence and the subsequent platelet aggregate formation occurred predominantly along visible collagen fibers. These studies showed that this perfusion chamber has a laminar and symmetrical flow allowing qualitative and quantitative investigation of platelet interaction with endothelial cells, their extracellular matrix, and pure connective tissue components. A variety of wall shear rates and exposure times can be applied at controlled conditions without removing cells or extracellular material.
Conjoined Twins Complicating a Dichorionic Triplet Pregnancy after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conjoined twins represent a rare type of monoamniotic twins. Ultrasound assessment during the first trimester can facilitate the diagnosis, however further assessment by colour Doppler studies, 3D imaging, fetal echocardiography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually required in order to determine the specific fetal abnormalities and to guide appropriate pregnancy management. This case report presents a rare case of conjoined twins complicating a dichorionic-diamniotic triplet pregnancy, achieved after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and blastocyst transfer. A 44-year-old woman was referred for chorionicity determination to our Fetal Medicine Centre due to suspicion of conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy. Ultrasound assessment at 11 weeks demonstrated a dichorionic triplet pregnancy which was also complicated by a rare type of conjoined twins (thoracoomphalopagus) and after a successful embryo reduction a neonate of 2200 g was delivered by caesarean section at term. The accurate diagnosis and early detection of conjoined twins by a fetal medicine specialist is crucial, especially as far as multiple pregnancies with three or more fetuses are concerned.
Colonial connections and consulting engineers 1850–1914

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper analyses colonial connections and networks of British consulting engineers. It unravels how consulting engineers operated within different imperial contexts, including settler colonies, Egypt and Crown colonies in West Africa in particular. The paper also examines the close and at times strained connections that existed between London's consulting engineers and British engineers stationed overseas in colonial public works departments. By examining the colonial connections of metropolitan engineers, the paper sheds light on a hitherto ignored factor that tied Britain and the colonies together during the diaspora of British engineering. It argues that personal connections and relations remained of paramount importance during this period, which has traditionally been described as characterised by growing professionalisation and a subsequent loss of the personal element in British engineering.
Giant enhancement of spin detection sensitivity in (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs Esaki diodes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the correlation between spin signals measured in\nthree-terminal (3T) geometry by the Hanle effect and the spin accumulation\ngenerated in a semiconductor channel in a lateral (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs Esaki diode\ndevice. We systematically compare measurements using a 3T configuration,\nprobing spin accumulation directly beneath the injecting contact, with results\nfrom nonlocal measurements, where solely spin accumulation in the GaAs channel\nis probed. We find that the spin signal detected in the 3T configuration is\ndominated by a bias-dependent spin detection sensitivity, which in turn is\nstrongly correlated with charge-transport properties of the junction. This\nresults in a particularly strong enhancement of the detected spin signal in a\nregion of increased differential resistance. We find additionally that two-step\ntunneling via localized states (LS) in the gap of (Ga,Mn)As does not compromise\nspin injection into the semiconductor conduction band.\n
Comparative characteristic of Volynian and Carpathian genotypes of Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch (Rosaceae) in culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of cultivation of Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch of Carpatian and Volynian origin have been analyzed with the purpose to determine differences in the terms of passing through phenological phases of seasonal development, growth and seed productivity.
Changes of apoptosis and nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells of rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the changes of morphology of vascular endothelial cells and the number of circulatory endothelial cells(CEC) in the circulation system,as well as the levels of nitric oxide(NO) and lipid peroxidation(LPO) in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia.Methods:Two kinds of hypoxic model of rats were established in decompression chamber for 2 weeks and 4 weeks,respectively.Then their CEC in the circulation blood were collected.The changes of the morphology and the number of CEC were observed under electron microscope and multiple functional microscope and the levels of NO and LPO in CEC were examined.Results:After hypoxia for 2 weeks,the number of CEC and the levels of NO and MDA increased with a significant difference from those of the normal group(P0.01).After hypoxia for 4 weeks,above changes became very remarkably with a significant difference from those of the normal group and hypoxia 2 weeks group(P0.01).Conclusion:Hypoxia will result in injury,apoptosis and exfoliation of vascular endothelial cells in rats with pulmonary hypertension by means of promoting releasing of oxygen free radial and NO.
Spatial Dimensions in Online Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The spatial dimensions of online communication establish the basic conditions for online social life. The protocol-based constructions make it clear that spatial constructions matter for the sense of community. Parallel to offline life, the spatial dimensions in online communities are important for the individual's navigation, relation, and communication. This article presents a typology of online space, where three different kinds of spatial dimensions are defined. Analyzing the patterns within any online community provides useful information on the basic terms of social life. The interface serves as a visible and ontological space on the screen, a shared common spot in the vast cyberspace. The social space is mainly epistemological, based on the individual's interpretations of social interactions. The metaphorical space is purely epistemological, based on reconstructed reality and geography, and evokes the sense of a place. The typology holds the key to understanding many of the differences within online social life.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Dinas XYZ Kabupaten Sumedang

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Employee job satisfaction ensures the sustainability and success of an organization. Satisfied employees will be loyal to their company and remain positive at work, meaning they will not replace their current job with a better one. According to findings from observations made at Dinas XYZ Kabupaten Sumedang, some employees are dissatisfied with their jobs as indicated by an increase in unexplained absence data. Two other factors that can affect job satisfaction are their competence and work motivation. The purpose of this study is to determine competence and work motivation that affect job satisfaction of ASN Dinas XYZ Kabupaten Sumedang. This research applies a quantitative approach. The research respondents were ASN employees of Dinas XYZ Kabupaten Sumedang, totaling 48 people. Data analysis applied includes descriptive methods and associative with multiple regression analysis and the coefficient of determination. The findings of the study partially competence has a positive effect on employee job satisfaction, as well as work motivation. Simultaneously, competence and work motivation affect job satisfaction. Keywords: Competence, Work Motivation, Job Satisfactio