jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Political geography: a new look at the academic discipline

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on the content analysis and comparative characteristics of the educational literature most in demand in the educational geographic space of the higher school in the discipline “Political Geography”, a review of a new educational complex based on an interdisciplinary approach (taking into account the interests of students studying in different areas of training: pedagogical education — geography), geography, political science, regional studies, international relations). The importance of discipline from the ideological point of view is emphasized. Distinctive features of the educational publication (complexity, consistency, accessibility of the presentation of the material, cartographic provision, scientific continuity) are singled out and argued. An analysis of the structure of the textbook and a brief description of its content are given, highlighting chapters containing traditional political and geographical knowledge used in the geographical educational process and chapters containing a new or expanded (for geographers) information base. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the materials of the educational complex in teaching such disciplines (within the framework of geographical areas of training) as “Political map of the world” and “Modern political geography”, as well as when studying the relevant sections in the courses “General economic and social geography of the world”, “Economic and social geography of foreign countries”. A high level of information saturation from the political, historical and geographical points of view was noted.
Experimental Investigation of the Energy Needs for a Conventionally and an Infrared-Heated Greenhouse

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Infrared (IR) heating as alternative to forced air heating has been studied experimentally for 70 days in two identical, small-scale, experimental greenhouses. The two heating options were implemented with four IR electric lamps and an electric forced air heater correspondingly. The microclimate in the greenhouses was monitored with thermocouples. Parameters characterizing the outdoors macroclimate were also monitored. Lettuce was used as the test crop, and the two heating systems were operated automatically to maintain a suitable reference temperature at the canopy. The investigation focused on night heating needs. Results indicated that the internal air temperature in the IR-heated greenhouse was always kept several degrees lower than the value targeted for the canopy. This lower temperature resulted in 43% average energy savings for the IR-heated greenhouse, compared to the conventionally heated one. A simple numerical model was used to estimate the potential energy savings in a production-scale greenhouse.
The Need for Dynamic Forecasting of Recoverable Reserves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

THIS PAPER IS SUBJECT TO CORRECTIONAmerican Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.Abstract. Estimates of hydrocarbon reserves have been in demand over the past thirty years. Examples follow to illustrate the necessity to try all approaches and effectively correct each prediction through use of newly acquired facts. All available details should be accurately compiled until calculated details are generated.Methods of geologic basin analysis are discussed based on periodic re-evaluations of new field discoveries mad past performance of producing fields. Each basin's economic profile is determined by the rate of exploratory drilling and the ratio of remaining reserves to current production.Although the U. S. to date has produced nearly one-third of the world's crude oil, our world economic position is being challenged more frequently and our ability to reliably forecast our remaining recoverable reserves assumes new importance with each challenge.Introduction. Remaining hydrocarbon reserves in the U. S. are becoming increasingly important to the nation's economic and political future. A new pattern of exploration economics is now developing which indicates new drilling patterns and more efficient recovery. An increased price-cost ratio will immediately expand estimates of undiscovered recoverable resources and, at some threshold level recovery percentages for discovered petroleum will improve. Economists can readily see the effects of increased price-cost ratios that have developed since the 1973 embargo. The question now is
Quotation and Context Sensitivity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The thesis of Quotation Context Sensitivity (QCS) states that: let S be a sentence with a quotation Q. Two utterances, u and u', of S can express different propositions because Q in u and in u' quotes different items. This chapter refutes any semantic interpretation of QCS and shows that even a pragmatic construal of the data encounters problems. The first section presents four arguments against a semantic construal of QCS. These arguments are not intended to deny data that support QCS, but only to deny that they should be explained by a semantic theory. The next section presents some pragmatic options for explaining these data in support of QCS, and then argues that some of these variability data resist even pragmatic explanation. That result leaves an explanatory gap that is addressed in Chapter 12.
2D semiempirical model of the formation of an elementary crater on the cathode of a vacuum arc

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A semiempirical hydrodynamic model based on the cellular structure of the cathode spot of a vacuum arc has been developed to describe the formation of a microcrater on the cathode and the initial stage of the formation of liquid-metal jets. The model includes experimentally obtained characteristics of the cathode spot plasma interacting with the cathode, such as the pressure exerted by the plasma on the cathode and the energy balance in the arc. In the context of a 2D axisymmetric statement of the problem of electric heat and mass transport in a cathode, the formation of a crater on a copper cathode has been simulated for a constant current carried by a elementary cathode spot cell. It has been shown that for the cell current ranging between 1.6 and 7 A and the time of current flow through the cell ranging between 15 and 60 ns, the crater diameter is 3÷7 μm. The crater depth is determined mainly by the current density in the cell. For all calculation variants where a micrometer-size crater was formed in several tens of nanoseconds, the maximum current density in a cell was (1÷3)·10 8 A/cm 2 .
Investigation of the Positive Column of High-Current Metal-Vapor Arcs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of the positive column of a high-current metal-vapor arc in a vacuum atmosphere is presented. Data for the analysis was obtained from the voltage-current characteristics of 60-Hz vacuum arcs with copper electrodes. Results of the analysis show that, for arcs carrying currents greater than 8000 amperes rms, the dominant mechanisms for controlling the size and transport properties of the arc column are magnetic pinch force and radiation energy losses. For arcs with currents ranging between 8000 and 26 000 amperes rms, the temperature, metal-vapor density, and electrical conductivity range from 9000 to 20 000°K, from 7.4 X 1016 to 1.1 X 1018 cm-3, and from 3.3 X 103 to 1.3 X 104 mho/m, respectively. Also, the time dependent on these quantities during an ac arc is presented.
Regulation of “Religion” and the “Religious”: The Politics of Judicialization and Bureaucratization in India and Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article compares the strategies through which Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Indonesia have regulated religion and addressed questions of what constitutes “the religious” in the post-independence period. We show that the dominant approach pursued by the Indian state has been one of judicialization—the delegation of religious questions to the high courts—while in Indonesia it has predominantly been one of bureaucratization—the regulation of religious issues by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Contrary to the expectation that judicialization devitalizes normative conflicts while bureaucratization, more frequently associated with authoritarian politics, “locks” these conflicts “in,” we show that these expectations have not materialized, and at times, the effects have been reverse. Engaging the literatures on judicialization and on bureaucratization, we argue that what determines the consequences of the policy toward religion is less the choice of the implementing institution (i.e., the judiciary or bureaucracy) than the mode of delegation (vertical versus horizontal) which shapes the relationship between the policy-maker and the institution implementing it. Bureaucrats, judges, and elected politicians in multicultural societies around the world encounter questions of religious nature very similar to those that authorities in India and Indonesia have faced. How they address the challenge of religious heterogeneity has a profound impact on prospects of nation-building and democratization. It is therefore imperative that the consequences of the policy toward religion, and even more so the consequences of political delegation, be studied more systematically.
Neuroendocrine TumorsPractice Guidelines in Oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuroendocrine tumors comprise a broad family of tumors, the most common of which are carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The NCCN Neuroendocrine Tumors Guidelines discuss the diagnosis and management of both sporadic and hereditary neuroendocrine tumors. Most of the recommendations pertain to well-differentiated, low- to intermediate-grade tumors. This updated version of the NCCN Guidelines includes a new section on pathology for diagnosis and reporting and revised recommendations for the surgi- cal management of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. (JNCCN 2012;10:724-764)
POD PEPPER TARGET DETECTION BASED ON IMPROVED YOLOv8

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pod pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides), a common variety of chili pepper, poses a challenge for traditional object detection methods due to its complex morphological features and diverse types. This study focuses on the application of machine vision technology to address the issue of pod pepper object detection. Firstly, a large number of pod pepper sample images were collected, followed by data preprocessing and annotation. Subsequently, YOLOv3, YOLOv5, YOLOv6, and YOLOv8 pod pepper object detection models were established, with YOLOv8 yielding the best detection results with a mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 81.6%. Next, different attention mechanisms were incorporated into the YOLOv8 network structure, with experimental results indicating that the Triplet Attention mechanism performed the best in pod pepper object detection, achieving an mAP value of 82.5%, a 0.9% improvement over YOLOv8. To further optimize the effectiveness of the attention mechanisms, Triplet Attention was added at different positions within the YOLOv8 network. The experiment showed that the location of adding the attention mechanism significantly impacted the pod pepper detection results. When Triplet Attention was added at the 5th layer, the best detection performance was achieved, with an mAP value of 84.1%, a 2.5% improvement over the original YOLOv8. This research provides technical support for intelligent harvesting of pod pepper.
Kinetic Studies on the Action of Carboxypeptidase A on Bovine Insulin and Related Model Peptides*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic Studies on the Action of Carboxypeptidase A on Bovine Insulin and Related Model Peptides*Lawrence I. Slobin and Frederick H. CarpenterCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 2, 499–508Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00866a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00866a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Relationship Between the Perception of Stress for care and the Elderly Abuse

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study is to clarify the relationship among the positive and negative recognition of stress and physical and psychological abuse and neglect aiming at getting the material. They are to prevent elder abuse at the main care worker for frail and dementia elderly. The degree of fitness to the data where positive and negative recognition of main care worker was located as dependent variable. The casual model in which main care worker was located as independent variable. The degree of fitness of casual model was GFI=0.772, CFI=0.795, RESEA=0.067. Among path coefficient included in the previous model, three of figures going toward three of abuse to the elder were statistically significant.
Console development and graphic visualization for dynamic collaborative business process modeling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the purpose, method and results of the project “Console Development and Graphic Visualization for dynamic collaborative business process modeling”. The project is part of the of a joint research collaboration “An Ontology-augmented, Context-aware Web Services Framework for Agile Enterprise Collaboration” between SIMTech, NTU, NUS and MIT Sloan School of Management. The project developed the Input Console and Graphic Visualization for Genesis system. The current Genesis system is able to dynamically generate collaborative business processes. However, the Genesis input GUI cannot allow a flexible design of business processes and the Genesis output of task chain is hard to understand and analyze. In this project, the Input Console lets users design the business goals and criteria by typing the queries. The author developed the user input language, named Collagen, and created a text parser to analyze the input data by using JavaCC. Besides, in the Graphic Visualization part, the author built a translator to transform the BPEL output of Genesis into graph description language, called DOT language. Then he used GraphViz application to prepare the graph model from the DOT plain text. The result is that new Input Console provides an efficient way to let users decide which criteria are chosen and how many information they want to describe about the item. In addition, the graph visualization makes a more friendly display of Genesis output by drawing the task chains in graphical method. In conclusion, the project built a more flexible Input Console and developed a higher technique in visualizing the output of Genesis system.
Thinking Globally and Acting Locally

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The literature of negotiation and conflict resolution continues to build on and move away from traditional emphases on transactions and decision making. Topics such as the impact of culture on negotiation once aroused debate but are no longer even controversial. Enough scholars in our large and multidisciplinary field have benefited from the insights of complementary social sciences so that few serious scholars or practitioners doubt that identity and culture are dynamic factors affecting negotiations. Some have moved beyond the quest for distributional efficiency that characterized so much early research and now advocate nothing less than social transformation and empowerment through conflict resolution methodologies. Several recent contributions to the negotiation literature - Negotiating Globally, and Reaching for Higher Ground in Conflict Resolution - are evidence that literature in the field is pushing new frontiers.
Sexual Competence in Higher Education: Global Perspective in a Multicentric Project in the Nursing Degree

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Sexuality is an important issue in the university careers of nursing students to ensure that they provide comprehensive care. It is necessary according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization. However, research reveals deficiencies and the need for further development. The aim of the study is to describe the perspective of teachers and students on the content of sexuality in nursing education. The project aims to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of the students about the sexuality of their patients. Furthermore, the experience and sexual lives of the future nurses, as well the teaching of sexuality content in the curriculum, will be analyzed. As for the educators, their level of knowledge about sexuality and vision of sexuality education in undergraduate nursing education will be analyzed. This study is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative-qualitative approach in a multi-center context. The sample is composed of students and professors of nursing courses from five universities (Portugal, Spain, Italy and United States). Questionnaires and semistructured interviews will be used for data collection. The results of the study will allow the inclusion of sexual competence in the curriculum from the beginning in higher education. This article describes the research protocol.
Platelet activating factor levels in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SummaryThe objective of the study was to compare platelet activating factor (PAF) concentrations in pre-eclamptic and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Blood samples for measurement of platelet count, urea and creatinine, and of PAF by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were obtained from seven pre-eclamptic and seven healthy primigravidae. The main outcomes were PAF concentrations in the pre-eclampsia and control groups and correlation of PAF concentrations with gestational age. PAF concentration in the pre-eclamptic group was lower than that of the controls (18˙8 versus 36˙0, P = 0˙001). Both groups exhibited a correlation between plasma PAF levels and gestational age (study group, r =-0˙84; control group, r=-0˙79). Decreased circulating PAF levels in the pre-eclamptic group may represent loss of physiological control of vascular reactivity and platelet function by PAF.
Adaptive sensing resource allocation over multiple hypothesis tests

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper considers multiple binary hypothesis tests with adaptive allocation of sensing resources from a shared budget over a small number of stages. A Bayesian formulation is provided for the multistage allocation problem of minimizing the sum of Bayes risks, which is then recast as a dynamic program. In the single-stage case, the problem is a non-convex optimization, for which an algorithm is presented that ensures a global minimum under a sufficient condition. In the mutistage case, the approximate dynamic programming method of open-loop feedback control is employed. The proposed allocation policies outperform alternative adaptive procedures when the numbers of true null and alternative hypotheses are not too imbalanced. In the case of few alternative hypotheses, the proposed policies are competitive using only a few stages of adaptation. In all cases substantial gains over non-adaptive sensing are observed.
Propagation of surface waves on the vacuum-spin 1/2 magnetized quantum plasma interface with vacuum polarization effects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The propagation of surface waves on the vacuum–quantum plasma interface was investigated using a quantum magnetohydrodynamics (QMHD) model, which incorporates quantum diffraction (via Bohm potential), quantum statistical pressure, QED vacuum polarization, and the electron spin effect. By using the quantum magnetohydrodynamic equations and the modified Maxwell equations (including vacuum polarization and spin effect), the wave equations satisfied by the plasma number density perturbation and the self-consistent magnetic field are derived, and the solutions for the electron number density perturbation and the self-consistent magnetic field are obtained. Finally, using the continuous boundary condition, the dispersion relationship of surface waves propagating on the vacuum–quantum plasma interface is derived. The research results show that the vacuum polarization of QED and the spin effect can modify the dispersion relationship of surface waves. Meanwhile, the main influence regions of these two quantum effects were determined in the paper. In addition, specific physical parameters are selected to quantitatively analyze the impact of quantum effects.
Hadronic Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I review the novel results and developments presented at the Third Workshop on Physics and Detectors for DA$Φ$NE that deal with hadronic physics. Topics discussed include: the scalar quark condensate, kaon decays, the sector of scalar and vector mesons, kaon-nucleon scattering, pion- and kaon-nucleon sigma terms, and strange nuclear physics.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Little loss of information due to unknown phase for fine-scale linkage-disequilibrium mapping with single-nucleotide-polymorphism genotype data.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Little loss of information due to unknown phase for fine-scale linkage-disequilibrium mapping with single-nucleotide-polymorphism genotype data.