jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wind Turbine Drive Train Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The extraction of energy from the wind is hardly a new concept; however modern wind turbines demonstrate a remarkable growth in electricity generation technology. These recent advancements in wind energy production have been propelled by an increased focus on sustainable energy, fuelled by global concerns of non-renewable resource depletion, pollution from current energy systems and climate change.Wind generated electricity has evolved from 55 kilowatts in 1983 (Gasch and Twele 2002) to as high as 5.0 Megawatts today (RePower n.d.). At present, rapid technological and engineering advancements are proving to be the key to viable wind power schemes. Obviously such improvements in wind turbine design aim to extract the most energy from the wind available.The design of wind turbine drive trains has been a key aspect in increasing energy production, mainly by reducing friction and rotational inertia. As one could imagine, the drive train has several different configuration options. For instance, two of the leading wind turbine manufacturers, Vestas and Enercon, utilise two very different approaches. Vestas uses a planetary gearbox, which the rotor fastens directly onto without a stand alone rotor shaft. Alternatively, Enercon have done without a gearbox due to the use of a custom direct-drive synchronous annular generator.This thesis presents the results of the mechanical design and analysis of a 1.4MW capacity wind turbine drive train. The drive train is made up of all the mechanical components that are required to convert the rotational energy of the rotor blades into electricity, specifically the rotor blades, rotor hub, rotor input shaft, gearbox and generator.Standard off the shelf components were specified where applicable. Components comply to Australian standards where relevant and Finite Element Methods (FEM) was also used. All components were fully modelled and drafted as if the drive train were to be constructed.The work done in this thesis exposes the procedures and difficulties encountered in designing the drive train of a wind turbine. Hopefully this thesis provides the reader with an increased awareness of the industry and encourages more research in this field. In this era of precarious sustainability, wind turbines have the potential to be a booming form of energy production.
Jane and Gemma go to School: Supporting Young Gifted Aboriginal Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both Aboriginal students and gifted students have been identified as educationally disadvantaged groups with needs that are often not adequately met by the Australian educational system. Hence, gifted Aboriginal students are particularly vulnerable to underachievement. As all students should receive the opportunity to fulfill their potential, there is a need to establish how to support the achievements of gifted Aboriginal children from an early age. The identification and achievement of gifted Aboriginal children is affected by culture conflict, the lack of knowledge of culturally sensitive identification measures of giftedness, and the anti-intellectual Australian ethos. This paper discusses the case studies of two young gifted Aboriginal girls and describes the support they will require for continued success. Ten practical suggestions are presented to assist teachers to nurture and promote the achievements of young gifted Aboriginal children.
Competition Policy and the Transformation of Central Europe

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This book examines the implementation of competition policy during the 1990s in Hungary, Poland and the Czech and Slovak Republics. It looks at the economic predicament of countries in transition, considering how far this has required the state actively to regulate the competitive process. It considers the extent to which initial economic and political conditions have constrained the involvement of the state in such activity. It then analyses the statutes of the countries and the structure of the institutions established to implement competition policy. A comprehensive discussion of the case law and the experience of policy in practice is used to suggest lessons for the task of competition policy, both in these countries and in others undergoing the transitions from central planning. This book will be valuable not just for those interested in competition policy, but for all students of the political economy of transition.
Design and structural characterization of 2-methyl 8-hydroxyl quinolinilium 5-chloro salicylate salt

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The enhanced physico chemical properties of 2-methyl 8-hydroxy quinolone was observed by the modified 2-methyl 8-hydroxy quinolinium 5-chloro salicylate crystal structure which were grown by slow evaporation method. The crystal structure was confirmed by single X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal structure was stabilized through halogen bond interaction in the title crystal. The 3D Hirshfeld surfaces and the associated 2D fingerprint plots were investigated for intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. FTIR and FT-Raman spectral studies were characterized to reveal the presence of functional groups in the grown crystal. The proton and carbon chemical shift of the title compound were observed by 1H and 13C NMR analysis. Excited energy of the title compound was observed using UV-Visible spectral analysis. The fluorescence solid and solvent spectrum revealed that the green emission was observed in the grown crystal. The melting behavior and stability of the title compound was performed by TGA-DSC analysis. The ability to show the pharmacological behavior of the title crystal was analyzed by anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer studies.
Synergistic Activation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Promoter Activity by NF-κB and Inhibitors of Deacetylases: Potential Perspectives for the Development of Therapeutic Strategies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The transcription factor NF-κB plays a central role in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activation pathway. HIV-1 transcription is also regulated by protein acetylation, since treatment with deacetylase inhibitors such as trichostatin A (TSA) or sodium butyrate (NaBut) markedly induces HIV-1 transcriptional activity of the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. Here, we demonstrate that TSA (NaBut) synergized with both ectopically expressed p50/p65 and tumor necrosis factor alpha/SF2 (TNF)-induced NF-κB to activate the LTR. This was confirmed for LTRs from subtypes A through G of the HIV-1 major group, with a positive correlation between the number of κB sites present in the LTRs and the amplitude of the TNF-TSA synergism. Mechanistically, TSA (NaBut) delayed the cytoplasmic recovery of the inhibitory protein IκBα. This coincided with a prolonged intranuclear presence and DNA binding activity of NF-κB. The physiological relevance of the TNF-TSA (NaBut) synergism was shown on HIV-1 replication in both acutely and latently HIV-infected cell lines. Therefore, our results open new therapeutic strategies aimed at decreasing or eliminating the pool of latently HIV-infected reservoirs by forcing viral expression.
Fungal Plant Pathogenesis Mediated by Effectors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The interactions between fungi and plants encompass a spectrum of ecologies ranging from saprotrophy (growth on dead plant material) through pathogenesis (growth of the fungus accompanied by disease on the plant) to symbiosis (growth of the fungus with growth enhancement of the plant). We consider pathogenesis in this article and the key roles played by a range of pathogen-encoded molecules that have collectively become known as effectors.
The Structure and Performance of Ethiopia’s Financial Sector in the Pre- and Post-Reform Periods, with a Special Focus on Banking

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

One of the main objectives of financial institutions such as banks is mobilizing resources (in particular, domestic savings) and channelling these to would-be investors. This intermediation role of banks takes different forms in different economic systems. Ethiopia's history since the 1970s clearly shows the validity of this statement.KeywordsPrivate SectorFinancial InstitutionInternational Monetary FundForeign ExchangeBanking SectorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1β suppresses the stemness and migration of colorectal cancer cells through promoting miR‐200b activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) have been established in various tumors; however, the roles of HNF‐1β in colorectal cancer progression are never been found. In the present study, HNF‐1β expression was initially detected in clinical tissue samples and online datasets and HNF‐1β was found to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues. In addition, a positive correlation existed between HNF‐1β expression and the overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that HNF‐1β suppressed the stemness and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Combined with microRNAs (miRNAs) based on transcriptome‐sequencing analysis, mechanistic studies showed that HNF‐1β directly bound to miR‐200b promoter and thus promoted miR‐200b expression, this HNF‐1β/miR‐200b resulted in the downregulation of the expression of miR‐200b downstream effectors. Furthermore, HNF‐1β inhibits the stemness and migration of colorectal cancer cells through miR‐200b. This study reveals a novel HNF‐1β/miR‐200b axis responsible for the stemness of colorectal cancer cells.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 5228490 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Bivalvia" ] } The dataset includes 5228490 records from 2461 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0048840-231002084531237/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Identification of Sox10‐positive cells at the dorsal fin base of juvenile flounder that are correlated with blind‐side skin ectopic pigmentation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Flounder develop left‐right asymmetric body color, with a dark ocular side and white blind side. However, ectopic pigmentation often occurs on the blind side when juveniles are reared in tanks. To examine the developmental mechanism underlying ectopic pigmentation, we first examined the pigmentation process on the blind side and the localization of chromatoblasts during spontaneous and regeneration‐stimulated ectopic pigmentation. Wild‐caught juveniles that had completed metamorphosis in a natural environment were reared in tanks, where they exhibited ectopic pigmentation on the blind side that was initiated at the base of the dorsal and anal fins, with chromatoblasts appearing at the edges of scales and melanophores spreading on the scale papilla beneath the epidermis. During tissue regeneration at the base of the dorsal fin in juvenile before ectopic pigmentation, melanophores and chromatoblasts newly appeared on regenerated blind‐side skin, resulting in rapid pigmentation at the wounded site. During regeneration‐stimulated pigmentation, gch2‐ positive chromatoblasts were detected only under the regenerated epidermis. Next, we found that Sox10‐positive cells were localized in connective tissue at the base of the dorsal fin and that when connective tissue was labeled with DiO, DiO‐labeled melanophores appeared in regenerated skin of the blind side after wounding. Therefore, we conclude that in flounder juveniles, Sox10‐positive progenitors of pigment cell lineage reside at the base of the dorsal fin and start migrating to the blind‐side skin in response to specific stimuli, resulting in ectopic pigmentation. Ectopic pigmentation in flounder could be a good model for examining the flexibility of pigment cell differentiation.
Predictors of High risk pregnancy at one of the tertiary care centers of Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh: A Cross sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: A high-risk pregnancy is a condition in which the mother, fetus, or both are at risk for morbidity or mortality before or after delivery. Moreover, most maternal deaths could be prevented if women had timely approached appropriate health care during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately afterward. Objectives: 1.To estimate the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies among antenatal women. 2. To determine the sociodemographic factors influencing high-risk pregnancy among the study population. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study included 858 antenatal women in tertiary health care. The sample size, calculated using the formula n=3.8pq/d2 with a 33.64%(Jadhao et al)[6] prevalence, a 10% margin of error, and 95% significance, was 780. Including 10% for non-response, the final sample was 858. Convenience sampling was used, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, employing the chi-square test/Fisher's Exact test to explore associations. Results: The study found a 28.6% prevalence of high-risk pregnancies. Rural women had a 2.87 times higher risk (p-value: <0.001, OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.118 – 3.898) compared to urban women. Similarly, women in joint families had a 3.58 times higher risk (P-value: <0.001, OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 2.478- 5.182) compared to those in nuclear families. Conclusion: The current study found that place of residence, type of family, and occupation had a significant association with high-risk pregnancies. The most common risk conditions for high-risk pregnancies were a previous history of caesarean section followed by preeclampsia.
Experimental Evaluation of a Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Gas Burner With a Focus on Mixture Stratification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The present work reports an experimental evaluation of the flame stabilization, structure and pollutant emissions for a swirl-stabilized premixed burner at atmospheric conditions. The burner has been designed to accommodate two inlet streams, namely a swirling air and a non-swirling fuel-air mixture, which are fed into a mixing chamber. By modifying the air mass distribution between the swirling and non-swirling streams, the burner can produce different swirl numbers at the chamber, as well as different fuel-air mixture stratification. A central tube acts as a bluff body to help stabilize the flame. Experimental diagnostics include high speed flame visualization in terms of OH* chemiluminescence, and NOx pollutant at the burner outlet. The study has been carried out using both hydrogen and methane as fuels. A sweep of conditions has been carried out to identify the lean blow-off limit over the burner operational map. Results for methane indicate that the lean blow-off limit is strongly affected by the air distribution between the swirling and non-swirling parts. In contrast, air distribution has a more significant effect on NOx emissions for hydrogen. Different flame shapes are analyzed over the operational map, where strong differences in lift-off, flame width, and reaction zone chemiluminescence have been identified.
Prognostic value of the hemodynamic gain index in different groups of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background A novel hemodynamic parameter obtained from the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the hemodynamic gain index (HGI), was developed and shown to be a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality in a large male cohort. The HGI also strongly correlates with exercise parameters such as peak oxygen consumption and metabolic equivalents (METs). However, prognostic implications of the HGI have not been externally validated with subgroup analyses based on sex, heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD) and the use of beta-blockers. Purpose We aimed to validate the prognostic value of the HGI in men, women, and patients with and without HF, CAD, and beta-blocker use. Methods We identified 126,356 consecutive patients undergoing treadmill exercise testing for symptom evaluation between 1/1/1991–02/27/2015. HGI was calculated using the formula, [(SBPpeak x HRpeak) − (SBPrest x HRrest)] / (SBPrest x HRrest). Univariable and multivariable cox regression models were used to determine the associations between the HGI stratified by quartiles and all-cause mortality at 10 years with adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, smoking status and body mass index) and exercise testing parameters (chronotropic reserve index, METs, abnormal heart rate recovery, and total exercise time). Results In our study cohort, mean age was 53.5±12.6 years. There were 74,724 (59.1%) male, 5,940 (4.7%) HF, 21,123 (16.7%) CAD, and 30,568 (24.2%) beta-blocker-using patients. During the mean follow up of 8.7 years, 9,929 (7.9%) died. Mean HGI was 2.0±1.2 bpm/mmHg. Lower HGI was associated with all-cause mortality in the entire cohort (Figure 1A, log rank p&lt;0.001). After adjustment for the covariates, the lowest quartile of the HGI was independently associated with all-cause mortality in subgroups of men, women, and patients with and without HF, CAD, and beta-blocker use (Figure 1B, all p≤0.001) compared with the highest quartile of the HGI. Conclusions HGI is an independent predictor of long-term mortality after adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and exercise performance across patient subgroups. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression
An Experimental Approach for Collecting Snippets Describing the Relations between Wikipedia Articles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we deal with a simple scenario: a student Bob wants to know why ”mathematics ” is very important to ”physics”, or in a more specific case, why ”differential equations” play a prominent role in the study of ”fluid dynamics”. In a different way, the scenario can also be stretched: Bob already had enough knowledge about ”artificial intelligence” and now he wants to learn about ”semantic web”. According to the scenario, we try to examine the possibilities to give Bob an answer on the basis of the available knowledge resources on the Web. We run a small experiment using Wikipedia articles as knowledge resources. First, we crawl a number of Wikipedia articles that are relevant to our scenarios and then we identify the intra-wiki links (links to the other Wikipedia articles) within the page body of the articles. For each link, we also identify the piece of text (snippet) where the link is located. Second, we apply a simple recursive algorithm to discover the relations (links and snippets) between articles, e.g. the possible connections between article ”artificial intelligence” and ”semantic web”. Finally, we evaluate whether the found snippets could pithily describe the relations.
Parasite accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. I. Evasion and stimulus-dependent suppression of the macrophage interleukin 1 response by Leishmania donovani.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a principal mediator of the host immune response to microbial challenge. Accessory cells of the monocyte-macrophage series are a major source of this cytokine and are also chronically parasitized by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. This suggests that characterization of the macrophage IL 1 response to Leishmania would increase our understanding of the regulation of host immunity to these organisms. In the present study, the macrophage IL 1 response to Leishmania donovani was examined because infections with this organism have findings consistent with parasite-specific T cell unresponsiveness. Cytokine activity was measured either by direct stimulation or by co-stimulation of thymocytes. Conditioned media from BALB/c resident peritoneal macrophages infected with amastigotes of L. donovani contained no more IL 1 than did supernatant fluids of control cells. In contrast, supernatants from cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes had significantly increased cytokine content. Resident cells infected with L. donovani for 4 hr before being stimulated with Listeria demonstrated a suppressed IL 1 response (approximately 40% of Listeria alone) to this secondary particulate stimulus. In contrast, the secondary response of leishmania-preinfected cells to lipopolysaccharide was not affected. To examine whether accessory cell nonresponsiveness to L. donovani (with respect to IL 1) was related to the state of macrophage activation, elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained by injection of proteose peptone were also studied. These cells responded to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and fixed Staphylococcus aureus with increases in intracellular, membrane, and secreted cytokine activities. In contrast, L. donovani failed to induce any of these activities. This was found to be the case irrespective of whether amastigotes were alive or killed or opsonized with specific antibodies. Elicited cells preinfected with Leishmania responded normally to secondary stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, but not S. aureus (64% of Staphylococcus alone). In addition, attachment and penetration of L. donovani promastigotes and their subsequent conversion to amastigotes within macrophages failed to induce IL 1 synthesis. The findings of this study indicate that L. donovani has the ability to both evade and suppress the macrophage IL 1 response. Because this monokine provides an obligatory signal during macrophage-dependent T cell activation, evasion of signal transduction for IL 1 synthesis may be related to defects in cell-mediated immunity which occur during infections with this organism.
Management Practices for Transition Period in Dairy Cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The peripartum period of a dairy cow is characterized by several physiological and behavioral changes in response to a rapid increase in nutrient demands, to support the final stages of fetal growth and the production of colostrum and milk. Traditionally, the transition period is defined as the period 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition. However, several researchers have argued that the transition period begins at the time of dry-off (~60–50 days prior to calving) and extends beyond the first month post-calving in high producing dairy cows. Independent of the definition used, adequate adaptation to the physiological demands of this period is paramount for a successful lactation. Nonetheless, not all cows are successful in transitioning from late gestation to early lactation, leading to approximately one third of dairy cows having at least one clinical disease (metabolic and/or infectious) and more than half of the cows having at least one subclinical case of disease within ...