jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
mGlu5negative allosteric modulators: a patent review (2013 - 2016)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pursuit of small molecule mGlu5 NAMs as treatments for a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders has developed into a mature field. In addition to extensive preclinical studies, multiple compounds have advanced into clinical trials with the most advanced studies occurring in patients with FXS, PD-LID, and MDD. Areas covered: This review begins with an update of the clinical activity with mGlu5 NAMs, and then moves into a summary of patent applications filed since 2013. The summaries are organized into three separate sections: (1) inventions centered on improvements to existing clinical compounds; (2) new small molecules that maintain the prototypical disubstituted alkyne chemotype found in many mGlu5 NAM compounds; and (3) new small molecules that are not from a disubstituted alkyne chemotype. Expert opinion: It is a critical moment for mGlu5 NAM research as recent reports from clinical trials have included some significant disappointments that have blunted prior optimism. Still, research in this area remains active, and recent years have added several more attractive small molecules to this field. There is now an arsenal of diverse chemotypes available to continue to probe this target in the hopes that a drug may yet emerge.
Mating system analysis of Açaí-do-Amazonas (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) using molecular markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Euterpe precatoria (Açaí-do-Amazonas) produces fruits of which the fresh pulp is consumed. It is almost exclusively collected by extractivist farmers, because no selected genotypes are available for the establishment of plantations. For the domestication and breeding of the species, mating system studies are needed for strategy formulation. This study evaluated the mating system of a natural population of E. precatoria.
Baton pass hypothesis: successive incorporation of unconserved endogenous retroviral genes for placentation during mammalian evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is well accepted that numerous RNA s derived from endogenous retroviruses ( ERV s) are expressed in mammalian reproductive structures, particularly in the uterus, trophoblast, and placenta. Syncytin 1 and syncytin 2 in humans and syncytin A and syncytin B in mice are membrane proteins originating from Env genes of ERV s. These ERV s are involved in the fusion of trophoblast cells, resulting in multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast formation. Evidence accumulated indicates that syncytin‐like fusogenic proteins are expressed in the placenta of rabbits, dogs/cats, ruminant ungulates, tenrecs, and opossums. The syncytin genes so far characterized are known to be endogenized to the host genome only within the past 12–80 million years, more recently than the appearance of mammalian placentas, estimated to be 160–180 million years ago. We speculate that ERV s including syncytin ‐like gene variants integrated into mammalian genomes in a locus‐specific manner have replaced the genes previously responsible for cell fusion. We therefore propose the ‘baton pass’ hypothesis, in which multiple successive ERV variants ‘take over’ cell‐fusion roles, resulting in increased trophoblast cell fusion, morphological variations in placental structures, and enhanced reproductive success in placental mammals.
Fano Resonance Mach–Zehnder Modulator Based on a Single Arm Coupled with a Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavity for Silicon Photonics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently, Fano resonance modulators and photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (PCNCs) have attracted more and more attention due to their superior performance, such as high modulation efficiency and high extinction ratio (ER). In this paper, a silicon Fano resonance Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) based on a single arm coupled with a PCNC is theoretically analyzed, designed, and numerically simulated. By optimizing the coupling length, lattice constant, coupling gap, and the number of holes in the mirror/taper region, the ER of our MZM can achieve 34 dB. When the applied voltage of the MZM is biased at 4.3 V and the non-return-to-zero on–off keying (NRZ-OOK) signal at a data rate of 10 Gbit/s is modulated, the sharpest asymmetric resonant peak and the most remarkable Fano line shape can be obtained around a wavelength of 1550.68 nm. Compared with the traditional nanobeam cavities, along with the varying radii, our PCNC design has holes with a fixed radius of 90 nm, which is suitable to be fabricated by a 180 nm passive silicon photonic multi-project wafer (MPW). Therefore, our compacted lab-on-chip, resonance-based silicon photonic MZM that is coupled with a PCNC has the advantages of superior performance and easy fabrication, which provide support for photonic integrated circuit designs and can be beneficial to various silicon photonic application fields, including photonic computing, photonic convolutional neural networks, and optical communications, in the future.
Approche lexicale de la simplification automatique de textes médicaux (Lexical approach for the automatic simplification of medical texts)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Notre travail traite de la simplification automatique de textes. Ce type d’application vise a rendre des contenus difficiles a comprendre plus lisibles. A partir de trois corpus comparables du domaine medical, d’un lexique existant et d’une terminologie du domaine, nous procedons a des analyses et a des modifications en vue de la simplification lexicale de textes medicaux. L’alignement manuel des phrases provenant de ces corpus comparables fournit des donnees de reference et permet d’analyser les procedes de simplification mis en place. La substitution lexicale avec la ressource existante permet d’effectuer de premiers tests de simplification lexicale et indique que des ressources plus specifiques sont necessaires pour traiter les textes medicaux. L’evaluation des substitutions est effectuee avec trois criteres : grammaticalite, simplification et semantique. Elle indique que la grammaticalite est plutot bien sauvegardee, alors que la semantique et la simplicite sont plus difficiles a gerer lors des substitutions avec ce type de methodes.
Recognition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recognition can be understood as a positive acknowledgment or affirmation of a person’s existence, identity, rights, or achievement. It is sometimes said to be a necessary condition for self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem. Although the concept has origins in Hobbes, Rousseau, Fichte, and Hegel, it has come to renewed prominence since the early 1990s, when philosophers such as Charles Taylor and Axel Honneth developed theories of recognition. These showed that the need for social recognition underlies many social and political movements from struggles for civil and labor rights to modern multiculturalism. In social and political philosophy, Honneth has argued that three forms of social recognition—affective care, equal respect, and social esteem—are preconditions of individual autonomy and that the principles governing these three forms of recognition should be the core of a conception of social justice. According to the theory of recognition, modern capitalist society can be evaluated as a recognition order that institutionalizes the distribution of respect and social esteem according to people’s individual achievements in their contributions to socially shared goals. Methodologically, Honneth uses an approach of normative reconstruction. Rather than constructing principles of justice on the basis of hypothetical agreement, he reconstructs the normative principles that are immanent in our social practices and institutions and sometimes contain a “normative surplus” that points beyond the status quo. This approach has been very productive in elucidating the importance of social recognition in the sphere of work, but critics have suggested that it limits the scope of radical social criticism. Honneth has proposed the concept of ideological recognition, where there is a chasm between the evaluative promise entailed by a form of recognition and its material fulfilment, in order to address this problem. More generally, critics have questioned whether recognition must be understood as positive rather than ambivalent, because this limits the scope of misrecognition and means that phenomena such as interpellation or objectification cannot easily be analyzed as forms of misrecognition.
Potential of non-traditional cell cultures for production of biotherapeutic proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Production of biotherapeutic drugs in mammalian cells, recombinant proteins in particular, may be handicapped by the limitations imposed on the cultures by metabolic burden. An alternative solution is to produce proteins in cells of other animals (e.g., Sf9, S2 and High Five insect cell lines, Caenorhabditis elegans and Schistosoma mansoni cell line) or orthogonal cell systems, including plant-based. In our opinion, non-traditional cell cultures may become promising tool for production of affordable and effective biotherapeutic drugs.
Influence of Nd-MOF/CNF-derived Nd2O3-C/CNF composite on lithium–sulfur batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nd-MOF/CNF-derived Nd 2 O 3 -C/CNF was prepared by high-temperature calcination. Nd 2 O 3 -C/CNF as a separator-modified material is applied to Li–S battery. Nd 2 O 3 -C/CNF shows good adsorption and catalytic capability for polysulfides.
Pengaruh ï»¿Islamic Branding, ï»¿Religiusitas, Lifestyle ï»¿terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Skincare ï»¿di Kabupaten Gresik

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For some people, skincare is included in the need. To meet these needs, there are cosmetic products that are specially formulated to treat skin health. Its not just one or two brands that skincare products. This is what makes consumers have to be wise in choosing skincare products. Judging on the phenomenon, the author conducted a study with a view to knowing the effect of Islamic Branding, Religiosity, Lifestyle on skincare purchasing decisions in Gresik Regency. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach and uses an explanatory research type. The rresults of this study are that Islamic Branding has no effect on purchasing decisions for skincare ing Gresik Regency. Meanwhile, Religiosity and Lifestyle affect the purchase of skincare in Gresik Regency.
Box and whisker plot of infestation of gnathiid isopods on red lionfish, <i>Pterois volitans</i>, compared with ecologically similar, native tropical western Atlantic species.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Levels of infestation are expressed as residuals from regression of gnathiid loads against host fish surface area and the local abundance of gnathiids as measured by the average gnathiid density on 5 French grunt “standards” placed near each host fish. Data for Caribbean species are grouped by families, with species codes given in parentheses: Haemulidae: Hs = <i>Haemulon sciurus</i> (n = 24); Lutjanidae: La = <i>Lutjanus apodus</i> (n = 29), Ls = <i>L. synagris</i> (n = 14); Serranidae: Eg = <i>Epinephelus guttatus</i> (n = 26); Holocentridae: Hr = <i>Holocentrus rufus</i> (n = 32); Ha = <i>Holocentrus adscensionis</i> (n = 20); Scorpaenidae: Sp = <i>Scorpaena plumieri</i> (n = 7); <i>Pterois volitans</i> (n = 30). Dashed line = mean, solid line = median, outliers are shown as single points.</p>
Malignant masses in the therapeutically irradiated breast

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mammography is of value in following the response of malignant masses after radiation therapy. Clinical error in evaluating mass size may be considerable, particularly in large breasts or breasts that are contracted and firm. Mammograms of 40 patients treated primarily with irradiation for breast cancer, taken from 3 weeks to 130 months after treatment, were reviewed. The malignant mass markedly diminished or disappeared after radiation therapy in most patients. The rate at which such changes occur is temporally related to the irradiation. Residual radiographically or clinically identifiable mass may persist even in sterilized cancers. Scarring and/or distortion occur frequently. The necessity for mammographic evaluation to determine tumor response and possible recurrence is emphasized, and a mammographic schedule is suggested to facilitate follow-up.
Quantum critical origin of the superconducting dome in SrTiO$_3$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the origin of superconductivity in doped SrTiO$_3$ (STO) using a combination of density functional and strong coupling theories within the framework of quantum criticality. Our density functional calculations of the ferroelectric soft mode frequency as a function of doping reveal a crossover from quantum paraelectric to ferroelectric behavior at a doping level coincident with the experimentally observed top of the superconducting dome. Based on this finding, we explore a model in which the superconductivity in STO is enabled by its proximity to the ferroelectric quantum critical point and the soft mode fluctuations provide the pairing interaction on introduction of carriers. Within our model, the low doping limit of the superconducting dome is explained by the emergence of the Fermi surface, and the high doping limit by departure from the quantum critical regime. We predict that the highest critical temperature will increase and shift to lower carrier doping with increasing $^{18}$O isotope substitution, a scenario that is experimentally verifiable.
Cloning and sequence analysis of nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Myeloblastosis (MYB ) 是在工厂的最大的抄录因素家庭之一。到在寡妇的 MYB 基因的进化的一幅全面图画种的获得，我们在 Taxodiaceae 工厂克隆九新奇 MYB 基因(Taxodium distichum， Taxodium ascendens，杉装饰用的梨树 var。Sinensis，杉装饰用的梨树 cv。Araucarioides， Cryptomer 装饰用的梨树，水杉 glyptostroboides， Cunninghamia lanceolata， Taiwania cryptomerioides 和 Glyptostrobus pensilis ) 。为 MYB 的推出的氨基酸序列证明九 MYB 蛋白质包含了二 DNA 有约束力的域。第一个领域从氨基酸位置 29 ～ 78，在 33， 53 和 73 点的三 tryptophanes 在那里被 19 氨基酸分别地分开。第二个领域从氨基酸位置 82 ～ 127，在 86， 105 和 124 点的三 tryptophanes 在那里被 18 氨基酸分开，分别地而在氨基酸位置 86 点的第一 tryptophane 被本氨基丙酸代替。在九 MYB 的这些保存领域的描述显示他们都属于 R2R3-MYB 组。第二等的结构分析证明螺旋和拐弯是 MYB 的预言的第二等的结构的主要主题。每 MYB 蛋白质的三个维的模型证明结构象片断一样，使它更灵活、活动。在 Taxodiaceae 的九 MYB 蛋白质的类似是计算的。99% 的最高相同的价值在 CjsMYB， CjMYB 和 CjaMYB 之间，而 82% 的最低价值在 TaMYB 和 ClMYB 之间。根据种系发生的树，而在类以内的那些是相对小的，在不同的类之间的距离相对大。是期望，一样的类的就职在与另外的类被组织前形成了亚群。
Feasibility of hybrid Josephson field effect transistors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the feasibility of fabricating planar superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor Josephson junctions in which the junction supercurrent is controlled by a gate electrode isolated from the junction by either a dielectric film (MOS-JOFET) or a Schottky barrier (MES-JOFET). We find that device critical currents between ∼1 and 100 μA and critical temperatures approximately a few K appear possible. We discuss the circuit applications of such devices.
Lipschitz matchbox manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A matchbox manifold is a connected, compact foliated space with totally disconnected transversals; or in other notation, a generalized lamination. It is said to be Lipschitz if there exists a metric on its transversals for which the holonomy maps are Lipschitz. Examples of Lipschitz matchbox manifolds include the exceptional minimal sets for $C^{1}$-foliations of compact manifolds, tiling spaces, the classical solenoids, and the weak solenoids of McCord and Schori, among others. We address the question: When does a Lipschitz matchbox manifold admit an embedding as a minimal set for a smooth dynamical system, or more generally as an exceptional minimal set for a $C^{1}$-foliation of a smooth manifold? We give examples which do embed, and develop criteria for showing when they do not embed, and give examples. We also discuss the classification theory for Lipschitz weak solenoids.
Mechanical Activation of Forbidden Photoreactivity in Oxa-di-π-methane Rearrangement

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we demonstrate that the forbidden oxirane-type photoproduct (the cyclopropyl ketone photoproduct is the allowed one) of the oxa-di-π-methane photorearrangement can be obtained by mechanochemical control of the photoreactions. This control is achieved by the application of simple force pairs rationally chosen. By analyzing in detail the effect of the applied forces on this photoreaction, it comes to light that the mechanical action affects the diverse properties of the oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement, modifying all the steps of the reaction: (i) the initial ground-state conformers' distribution becomes affected; (ii) the new conformational population makes the triplet excitation process to be changed, responding to the magnitude of the applied force; (iii) the stability of the different intermediates along the triplet pathway also becomes affected, changing the dynamical behavior of the system and the reaction kinetics; and (iv) the intersystem crossing also becomes strongly affected, making the forbidden oxirane-type photoproduct to decay more efficiently to the ground state. All these changes provide a complex scenario where a detailed study of the effect of applied forces is necessary in order to predict its overall effect on the photoreactivity.
Anomaly Detection for Reoccurring Concept Drift in Smart Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many crowdsensing applications today rely on learning algorithms applied to data streams to accurately classify information and events of interest in smart environments. Unfor-tunately, the statistical properties of the input data may change in unexpected ways. As a result, the definition of anomalous and normal data can vary over time and machine learning models may need to be re-trained incrementally. This problem is known as concept drift, and it has often been ignored by anomaly detection systems, resulting in significant performance degradation. In addition, the statistical distribution of past data often tends to repeat itself, and thus old learning models could be reused, avoiding costly retraining phases on new data, which would waste computational and energy resources. In this paper, we propose a hybrid anomaly detection system for streaming data in smart environments that accounts for concept drift and minimize the number of machine learning models that need to be retrained when shifts in incoming data distribution are detected. The system is multi-tier and relies on two different concept drift detection modules and an ensemble of anomaly detection models. An extensive experimental evaluation has been carried out, using two real datasets and a synthetic one; results show the high performance achieved by the system using common metrics such as F1-score and accuracy.
F/A-18 Foreign Military Sales In-Service Support: Supporting FMS Aviation Systems Through Partnerships

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The U.S. Navy is committed to providing full life cycle logistics and engineering support to all weapon systems procured through foreign military sales (FMS). To ensure that post-production logistics and engineering support will be available for out-of-production F/A-18 FMS customers, the F/A-18 in-service support (ISS) program was established. The ISS program was activated in 1991 to provide out-of-production F/A-18 FMS customers access to U.S. Navy and commercial resources. Over the past nine years, the F/A-18 ISS program has evolved into much more than a contract vehicle for FMS customers to obtain information from the prime contractor. As a result of a developing partnership between all F/A-18 users, the ISS program has emerged into a highly productive, cost effective avenue for FMS customers to open dialogue and solve technical problems; to air and resolve grievances involving the FMS system; and to contribute individual expertise in support of the F/A-18 aircraft. The F/A-18 ISS program is organized and chartered under the authority of the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), under the management and administration of the AIR-3.0 competency. The ISS program was created to operate in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, and works hand-in-hand with the integrated product teams (IPTs) of the Program Executive Office, Tactical Aircraft Programs (PMA265).
Fast-Convergent Solution of the Ground-State Energy for the He Atom

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently Deng Conghao et al. proposed a new method for the direct solution of the many-body Schrdinger equation. Calculations based on this method for the ground-state energy of He indicated that the convergence of the hyperspherical harmonics (HH) expansion is slow and not satisfactory. A ground-state energy of-2.90328 a.u. was obtained in Ref.[2] with 361 HH and 4 GLF. In order to accel
Cryptic speciation in the living planktonic foraminiferGlobigerinella siphonifera(d'Orbigny)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Two living forms of Globigerinella siphonifera (d'Orbigny), presently identified as Type I and Type II, can easily be distinguished and collected by SCUBA divers because of differences in appearance, arrangement of the rhizopodial network, and the presence or absence of commensals. Additional biological differences are apparent from laboratory culture experiments; Type I individuals survive significantly longer than Type II under conditions of darkness and starvation and have significantly slower chamber formation rates. Stable isotopic analyses of Types I and II also reveal notable differences, with Type I consistently yielding more negative δ 18 O and δ 13 C values. Results of Mg/Ca ratio analyses indicate that Type II specimens precipitated their shells in slightly cooler (deeper) surface waters than Type I specimens. These observations and results from DNA sequencing unequivocally demonstrate that G. siphonifera Types I and II should be regarded as biological sister species. Contrarily, biometric analysis of the empty shells reveals few significant differences between G. siphonifera Types I and II. Of all the features measured from X-ray and SEM images of serially dissected specimens, only shell porosity yields readily discernible differences, with Type I adult chambers averaging 10–20% porosity and Type II adult chambers averaging 4–7% porosity. Statistically significant differences between Type I and II populations are revealed in maximum test diameter (Type I is typically larger) and coiling (Type I is typically more evolute), but these differences do not justify species level distinction of Types I and II using traditional paleontological species concepts. On the basis of the above evidence, and since all specimens were collected at the same location at ∼3–8 m water depth, we conclude that G. siphonifera Types I and II are living examples of cryptic speciation, whereby biological speciation has occurred in the absence of discernable change in shell morphology. However, it is not clear when or where this speciation took place. Preliminary study of deep-sea cores from the Caribbean and Pacific sides of the Isthmus of Panama reveals a predominance of specimens with Type II porosity values, with rare occurrence of specimens yielding Type I porosity values. Systematic downcore measurement of shell porosity and tightness of coiling needs to be extended back to the middle Miocene, when G. siphonifera first appeared, to determine the timing of the Type I and II morphological divergence. Postulated mechanisms for reproductive isolation and speciation of Types I and II include alloparapatric, depth parapatric, and sympatric speciation. These models could be tested if further analysis of fossil G. siphonifera shells allows determination of the timing of speciation, the preferred depth distribution, and the history of geographic distribution of Types I and II.