jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Generalized Efficacy of t-PA for Acute Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose We sought to identify subgroups of stroke patients in whom thrombolytic therapy is particularly hazardous or efficacious. Methods We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for stroke patients presenting within 3 hours after symptom onset. Before treatment, historical, physical, and laboratory findings were summarized. We identified variables that might predict outcome and/or differential response to t-PA therapy. Outcome was measured with four stroke rating scales administered 3 months after treatment. Statistical significance was assessed with a global outcome procedure that considers the results of all four scales simultaneously. Using regression analysis, we compared the information collected before treatment with the global outcome. Multivariable procedures were used to find information that could guide selection of patients for t-PA therapy. Results No pretreatment information significantly affected patients’ response to t-PA. The power of the model to detect a treatment interaction was greater than 90%, and therefore the probability of a type II error is very low. Apart from t-PA therapy, outcome was related to age-by-deficit severity interaction, diabetes, age-by-blood pressure interaction, and early CT findings. These variables and interactions altered long-term patient outcome irrespective of t-PA treatment but did not alter the likelihood of responding favorably to t-PA therapy. Conclusions Patients should be selected for t-PA thrombolysis according to the guidelines published in the report of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Further subselection of patients, such as by age or stroke severity, is not supported by our post hoc analysis.
Natural deep eutectic systems for nature‐inspired cryopreservation of cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Natural deep eutectic systems (NADES) are emerging as potential cryoprotective agents (CPA) for cell preservation. In this investigation, we develop an optimized CPA formulation using trehalose‐glycerol NADES (T:G) diluted in Normosol‐R and supplemented with isoleucine. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to define the thermophysical properties of NADES‐based solutions, and Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the effect of NADES on ice formation and hydrogen bonding. Jurkat cells are cryopreserved in each solution, and post‐thaw cell recovery, apoptosis, and growth are quantified. Raman spectra and heat maps show that NADES suppresses both ice formation and dehydration of the nonfrozen region. Supplementing NADES with isoleucine does not affect the solution's thermophysical properties but significantly improves the cells' survival and proliferation post‐thaw. The study indicates that thermophysical properties of CPA solutions alone cannot predict optimal cell survival, suggesting that stabilization of biological structures by CPAs may play a role in successful cryopreservation.
Hassles, Role Strain, and Peer Relations in Young Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The impact of hassles, or daily stressors, on the lives of adults has been demonstrated by Lazarus and his colleagues. Conceptual relevance of the hassles construct for young adolescent populations, theoretical interplay between self-reported hassles and role strain in youth, and the relationship between role strain and adolescent peer relations have received scant research attention to date. To address these issues, the authors developed the Adolescent Hassles Inventory (AHI), patterning it after the Hassles Scale developed for adults by Kanner, Coyne, Schaefer, and Lazarus, and administered it to 246 sixth grade students. AHI reliability data supported feasibility of the measurement approach for young adolescents. Factor analysis of the condensed 50-item AHI scale revealed eight item clusters, five of which suggested underlying scale dimensions reflecting adolescent roles of student, peer, drug user/non-user, son/daughter, and worker. Subscales created from item factor loading data correlated significantly with a measure of peer relations as did the global AHI scores. Findings suggest that role strain, as measured by aggregated hassles scores, correlates inversely with young adolescent satisfaction with peer group relations, particularly for males.
Body weight time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims Prescription of weight loss to individuals is often characterized by weight fluctuations. However, current body weight management metrics may have difficulty characterizing the changes in body weight over time. We aim to characterize the long-term changes using body weight time in target range (TTR) and test its independent association with cardiovascular outcomes. Methods and results We included 4468 adults from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. Body weight TTR was defined as the percentage of time during which body weight was within the Look AHEAD weight loss goal range. The associations of body weight TTR with cardiovascular outcomes were analysed using multivariable Cox modelling and restricted cubic spline function. Among the participants (mean age 58.9 years, 58.5% women, 66.5% White), there were 721 incident primary outcomes [cumulative incidence: 17.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3–18.8%] during a median of 9.5 years of follow-up. Each 1 SD increase in body weight TTR was significantly associated with a decreased risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94) after adjusting for mean and variability of body weight and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Further analyses using restricted cubic spline indicated the inverse association between body weight TTR and the primary outcome in a dose-dependent manner. Similar associations remained significant among the participants with lower baseline or mean body weight. Conclusion In adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, higher body weight TTR was independently associated with lower risks of cardiovascular adverse events in a dose–response manner.
BRIEF REPORTS INDIAN PEDIATRICS 1226 VOLUME 42__DECEMBER 17, 2005 Effects of Cessation of a Policy of Neonatal Fluconazole Prophylaxis on Fungal Resurgence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fluconazole has been used as prophylaxis against systemic fungal infections in preterm neonates. We conducted a study to determine whether cessation of a policy of prophylactic fluconazole results in a resurgence of fungal infections in a unit. Neonates born in the 3 epoches: A 36-month pre-Fluconazole prophylaxis epoch (Group 1), a 21-month Fluconazole prophylaxis epoch (Group 2) and a 39-month post-Fluconazole prophylaxis epoch (Group 3) were compared for incidence and onset of fungal sepsis and resistance patterns. There was a decline in the incidence of fungal sepsis from Group 1 to Group 2 (P&lt;0.0001), and it remained stable from Group 2 to Group 3 (P = 0.99). There was no significant difference in resistance to Fluconazole and to any of the azoles in Groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The mean age
Wisdom and Predestination in the Dead Sea Scrolls

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In both the Essene and the non-Essene texts found at Qumran there is the idea of order. It is in terms of this order that the world was created and continues to function, and according to which history develops. This idea is sapiential in origin, i.e., it derives from the sapiential idea of an ethical and social order according to which God created the world and ordered human life. In the first part of this article, I analyse a fragment of one of the most important wisdom texts from Qumran, 4QSap A. I then proceed to interprct the evidence for the idea of a pre-existent sapiential order found in the so-called Book of Mysteries (1Q27; 4Q299-4Q301), the Teaching of the Two Spirits (IQS 3:13-4:26), and the Fifth Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q402 4 par MasShir i 1-7). In the second part, I will ask how the ideas found in these non-Essene texts have been adapted and made to function by the yahad. For this purpose I will present the evidence of 1QHa 1; CD 2:2-13; 4Q180 1 1-5 and lQpHab 7:5-14.
The regulation of the ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome and its implications in pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ZBP1 has been characterized as a critical innate immune sensor of not only viral RNA products but also endogenous nucleic acid ligands. ZBP1 sensing of the Z‐RNA produced during influenza virus infection induces cell death in the form of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis). PANoptosis is a coordinated cell death pathway that is driven through a multiprotein complex called the PANoptosome and enables crosstalk and co‐regulation among these processes. During influenza virus infection, a key step in PANoptosis and PANoptosome assembly is the formation of the ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome. When Z‐RNA is sensed, ZBP1 recruits RIPK3 and caspase‐8 to activate the ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome. Several other host factors have been found to be important for ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, including molecules involved in the type I interferon signaling pathway and caspase‐6. Additionally, influenza viral proteins, such as M2, NS1, and PB1‐F2, have also been shown to regulate the ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome. This review explains the functions of ZBP1 and the mechanistic details underlying the activation of the ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome and the formation of the PANoptosome. Improved understanding of the ZBP1‐NLRP3 inflammasome will direct the development of therapeutic strategies to target infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Ex situ conservation of Cycas debaoensis:a rare and endangered plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cycas debaoensis, an endemic species in China, is classified as a first grade national, key protected wild plant and was introduced to the Botanical Garden from Debao, Guangxi in 2002. This paper reports the ex situ conservation of C. debaoensis in Guilin. In the study area, leaf sprouting of mature plants happened from May to July, flowering occurred from May to June, and fruit maturity was from the middle 10 days to the last 10 days of November. Stem growth was slow with plant height averaging an increase of 1.90 cm a year, and ground-level diameter averaging an increased of 2.14 cm a year. Since C. debaoensis seed needed dormancy and could germinate after ripening, wet sand was the preferred storage method, having a seed germination rate of about 80%. Through several year's observation, C. debaoensis from calcareous soils in the southern subtropical zone could grow well, bloom, bear fruit, and have strong cold resistance in acidic soils. Ex situ conservation was successfully carried out in Guilin Botanical Garden.
Engaging Citizens with Disabilities in eDemocracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We evaluate access for people with disabilities in two Canadian federal government eConsultations — the development of its Innovation Strategy and as part of the Parliamentary sub-Committee on People with Disabilities consultations around the Canada Pension Plan — Disability hearings. From qualitative interviews with government and the disability community as well analysis of key documents, we illustrate what worked in ensuring access for Canadians with disabilities and what served to create additional barriers to access. We suggest, first, that accessibility is not the same thing as usability and requires meeting, at minimum, commonly held standards of access. Secondly, we argue that access is not enough to bring people with disabilities into eConsultations. Proactive measures to reach people experiencing a wide spectrum of disabilities are essential to "enfranchising" people with disabilities in eDemocracy. Addressing both access and inclusion are simply good public policy, not extraordinary measures to address a minority population.
Measurement and validation of waterlines and surface currents using surf-zone video imaging.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The continuous monitoring of beaches and structures near, or in the surf-zone, has become a vital task from an environmental and economic standpoint. Specifically, the Durban beaches are continually nourished with sand that is dredged south of the Durban Harbour mouth. Constant monitoring is essential to control the erosion and accretion of these beaches. Currently, infrequent and labour-intensive manual surveys are being used to fulfil this task. This dissertation describes ;the techniques used to process and validate surf-zone video images to extract information, which is equivalent but more frequent and cost effective to that obtained using manual surveying methods. The emphasis is on the extraction of accurate hourly waterlines by analysing video images obtained from Coastal Imaging stations located at Addington Beach and North Beach in Durban, South Africa and the measurement of rip currents in the surf-zone from video images together with the validation of these results. The implementation of a neural network incorporating non-local image pixel data is more reliable than previously used methods, for example, grayscale thresholding or the delta-discriminator. Grayscale thresholding relies on the difference between the water and the sand pixel intensities. The delta-discriminator incorporates huesaturation-lightness (HSL) values to improve the discrimination between water and sand. These methods could not, however, overcome the problem of varying seasonal and diurnal light intensities and require the prior choice of threshold values.
Tvorba e-shopu a prezentace zboží

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main goal of this bachelor thesis is the creation of ecommerce. Another objective is present to readers the possibility of making their own ecommerce focused on opensource solutions. The last objective is to familiarize readers with the principles of product photography of goods offered in this ecommerce. The choice of solution for creating ecommerce was conducted in cooperation with representatives of companies implementing ecommerce, with experts involved in creating ecommerce and information sources from the internet. Product photography took place at the home studio and was created by me. The most important assets of this thesis is the implementation of ecommerce. It is an extension of view for readers in the section of ecommerce and product photography. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, I deal with theoretical way of choosing the best ecommerce possible solutions. Then I focus on the chosen option, open-source solutions. Based on selected criteria, I'm selecting the best opensource content management system implemented for the owners of ecommerce. Furthermore, I deal with graphics and its impact on web design and then about product photography principles. The second part describes actual creation of electronic commerce. I focus here mainly on presentation of the goods and its impact on users. It goes on with creation of product photography. The third section focuses on design testing by independent ecommerce users. Those should be able to identify other possible inconsistencies that must be implemented to improve the user interface. Furthermore, this section deals with comparing the competitiveness of goods, including its impact on users of electronic commerce to electronic commerce competition. The result of ecommerce creation is recommendation how to create quality ecommerce with low budget.
Production of space, intercultural encounters and politics: Dynamics of consummate space and spatial intensity among the Israeli Bedouin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The “spatial turn”, represented primarily by the Lefebvrean theory of production of space, fails to internalise insights from the “cultural turn” which delves into high cultural resolutions of minority ethnic or religious sub‐groups within Western culture. These insights suggest that space may be characterised by spatial pluralism that originates in ontological pluralism of place and space. This ontological pluralism originates in the contemporary reality of cultural pluralism within the same space. By deconstructing the classical Lefebvrean theory of production of space as a super concept into finer scales, we facilitate internalisation of these cultural insights through a series of new sub‐concepts of consummate space, spatial imbrication and spatial intensity. These successive concepts are capable of creating a process of production of space with possible political consequences at group level. That is, violation of a space perceived and practised as consummate may lead to political action by group members. This conceptual framework, highlighting at high resolution the agency of space in culture, is demonstrated through a detailed analysis of a unique cultural group, the indigenous Bedouin of the Negev desert in Israel, through three phases of their spatial history over a period of two centuries – semi‐nomadic pastoralism, sedentary farming and urban wage labour. This case may serve to illustrate the value of this theoretical approach for future analysis of other unique cultural groups and a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of production of space.
Fat fraction mapping using magnetic resonance imaging: insight into pathophysiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adipose cells have traditionally been viewed as a simple, passive energy storage depot for triglycerides. However, in recent years it has become clear that adipose cells are highly physiologically active and have a multitude of endocrine, metabolic, haematological and immune functions. Changes in the number or size of adipose cells may be directly implicated in disease (e.g. in the metabolic syndrome), but may also be linked to other pathological processes such as inflammation, malignant infiltration or infarction. MRI is ideally suited to the quantification of fat, since most of the acquired signal comes from water and fat protons. Fat fraction (FF, the proportion of the acquired signal derived from fat protons) has, therefore, emerged as an objective, image-based biomarker of disease. Methods for FF quantification are becoming increasingly available in both research and clinical settings, but these methods vary depending on the scanner, manufacturer, imaging sequence and reconstruction software being used. Careful selection of the imaging method—and correct interpretation—can improve the accuracy of FF measurements, minimize potential confounding factors and maximize clinical utility. Here, we review methods for fat quantification and their strengths and weaknesses, before considering how they can be tailored to specific applications, particularly in the gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal systems. FF quantification is becoming established as a clinical and research tool, and understanding the underlying principles will be helpful to both imaging scientists and clinicians.
New Immunological Indexes for the Effect of Systemic Inflammation on Oocyte and Embryo Development in Women With Unexplained Infertility: Systemic Immune Response Index and Pan‐Immune‐Inflammation Value

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Problem Predicting the impact of systemic inflammation on oocyte and embryonic development in unexplained infertile women using the new immunological indexes. Method of Study This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the records of the In Vitro Fertilization Department of Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital. After reviewing the records of patients who had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) for unexplained infertility (UI) and excluding all known factors that could cause systemic immune inflammation, the systemic immune response index (SIRI), and pan‐immune score were calculated from the pre‐treatment hemogram parameters between the embryo arrest (EA) group and the embryo transfer group. It was investigated whether there was a statistical difference between the two groups and whether an SIRI value affecting embryo quality was found. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut‐off values for inflammatory markers to predict EA. Results The 108 EA group (embryos that were arrested during their development and could not be transferred) and the 140 embryo transfer group showed statistically significant differences in the parameters of systemic inflammatory index (SII), SIRI, pan‐immune inflammation value (PIV), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( p < 0.05). These inflammatory parameters, which were examined before ovulation induction, also correlated positively with the required total dose of gonadotropin and negatively with the ovarian sensitivity index (OSI). SII, SIRI, PIV, and NLR have specific cut‐off values with ROC analysis and determine the effect of the inflammatory status of the environment in which the oocyte develops on EA ( p < 0.005). Conclusion In women with UI, high levels of systemic immune inflammation have a negative impact on oocyte and embryo development, and treatments to suppress inflammation may improve IVF success.
Extraction of Tar Acid from Mixture of Aqueous Sodium Xylenesulfonate and Coal Tar Acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

目的: キシレンスルホン酸ソーダ水溶液を用いて,コールタール中油中の酸性油を抽出した抽出液層より, ベンゼンを用いて酸性油を抽出回収する方法について検討した。結果: 1)コールタール中油180～195℃ 留分中の酸性油-キシレンスルホン酸ソーダ10%水溶液-ベンゼンの3 成分系,195～230℃留分中の酸性油-キシレンスルホン酸ソーダ15%水溶液-ベンゼンの3成分系につき溶解度曲線と対応線のグラフを求めた。2)酸性油10%,キシレンスルホン酸ソーダ水溶液90%の混合物からベンゼンを用いて25℃で向流多段抽出を行って酸性油をうる場合の計算の一例を示した。その結果180～195℃留分中の酸性油に対しては溶剤比1/5で7段で抽出でき,195～230℃留分中の酸性油は溶剤比1/5で13段で,1/3では5段で抽出できる。
Why Was Asia Resilient? Lessons from the Past and for the Future

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Asia proved to be remarkably resilient in the face of the global financial crisis, but why was its output performance stronger than that of other regions?The paper shows that better initial conditions-in the form of lower external and financial vulnerabilities-contributed significantly to Asia's resilience.Key pre-crisis factors included moderate credit expansion, reliance on deposit funding, enhanced bank asset quality, reduced external financing, and improved current accounts.These improvements reflected the lessons from the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s, which helped reshape both public policies and private sector behavior.For example, several countries stepped up their use of macroprudential policies, well before they were recognized as an essential component of the financial stability toolkit.They also overhauled financial regulations and strengthened oversight of financial institutions, which helped reduce risk-taking by households and firms before the global financial crisis.Looking ahead, Asia is in the process of adjusting to more volatile external conditions and higher risk premiums.By drawing the right lessons from its pre-crisis experiences, Asia's economies will be better equipped to address new risks associated with increased cross-border capital flows and greater integration with the rest of the world.