jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Method for Measuring the Direction Angle of a Magnetization with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer: Application to SmFeO3in the Spin Reorientation Region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A method is described by which both the direction angle and the magnitude of a magnetization are measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer using a modified detection coil system. Applying the method to a SmFeO3 crystal, it was found that the spontaneous magnetization decreases about 5% in the spin reorientation temperature region. Measuring the magnetic anisotropy constants by a torque method, the lower and upper boundaries of the reorientation region were determined as 184±0.5 and 192.5±0.5°C respectively, and the temperature dependence of the rotation angle was calculated.
Study and Analysis of Extracorporeal Ultrasonic Waves in Destruction of Bone Cement: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bone cement (BC) is widely used in different orthopedic surgeries like prosthetic, osteoporotic fracture surgery and joint replacement surgeries. The two types of BC that are used most frequently are polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and calciumphosphate-based cement (CPC).
A Macaulay 2 interface for Normaliz

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Normaliz is a tool for the computation of Hilbert bases of normal affine monoids and related tasks. We describe the Macaulay 2 interface to Normaliz. It makes Normaliz accessible for operations on monoid algebras in Macaulay 2 and, conversely, makes Macaulay 2 a frontend for Normaliz.
SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEM WATER TABLE DRAWDOWN ANALYSIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Subirrigation, a practice that combines irrigation with drainage, is used to maintain a shallow water table at anoptimum depth for increased crop yield. Rainfall events, while subirrigating, cause the water table to rise and saturate allor part of the crop root system. Damage to the crop can occur if the water table remains within the root zone for an extendedtime. A mathematical water table drawdown simulation model for a subirrigation system using a weir was developed. Themodel was used to simulate the time required for the water table to recede to the beforerain level after a rainfall event raisesthe midpoint water table to the soil surface, with and without the weir. Removing the weir after rainfall events reduces thetime required for the water table to recede. The model shows the need to remove the weir to prevent crop damage for rainevents that saturate the soil profile to near the field surface.
Southeast Asian Macroeconomic Management: Pragmatic Orthodoxy?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article provides an introductory analytical survey of macroeconomic policies andoutcomes in seven Southeast Asian economies, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, ThePhilippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It draws on the framework proposed byCorden (1996) to explain the generally good macroeconomic outcomes in the earlierWorld Bank study of the East Asian ‘miracle economies'. The main conclusion is that,notwithstanding the institutional and economic diversity of the seven, macroeconomicoutcomes have generally been good. However, there are some notable exceptions tothis generalization, and the unfinished reform agenda is substantial in some countries
De Plenitudine (review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The brief treatise under review here is hardly to be numbered among the major works of Galen, but it does possess a certain interest of its own. The deceptively simple title, Peri plethous—or De plenitudine, as it is often referred to in Latin, Über die Fülle in Dr. Otte's edition, or, in plain English, "On Fullness"—conceals the fact that a very technical kind of "fullness" or "repletion" is the subject dealt with in this medical/philosophical/logical essay. (One must not forget that medicine, if the sharpest, is not the only arrow in Galen's remarkable quiver.) What, then, is the "plethos" of Galen's title? The reference is to various harmful superfluities, of differing compositions in different cases, found occurring (according to Galen) in a wide variety of bodily "parts" including flesh and skin, arteries and veins, internal organs, and bones. As one would expect, the four humors make more than one appearance here. (Those who would smile at such theories might keep in mind, on the one hand, that Galen was working without knowledge of the circulation of the blood or of modern chemistry, and on the other, that, to take one example, Sir Christopher Wren [1632-1723], more than two millennia after the first appearance of the "humors," still thought it worthwhile to experiment on dogs by removing their spleens in order to observe whether or not they still produced black bile.)
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Learning Motivation of Vocational High School Students in Surakarta City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning motivation is the willingness from within a person to learn independently or in a group without coercion from any party. The primary problem educators face at various levels of Education, especially Vocational Education, is the declining level of student learning motivation. Factors affecting students' learning motivation are the family environment, peers, and interest in learning. This study aims to analyse what factors can affect the learning motivation of vocational school students in Surakarta City. This type of research uses correlational quantitative research. The population taken in this study is vocational school students in class X in the field of Mechanical Engineering expertise in the city of Surakarta. This research was conducted using purposive sampling techniques. The data analysis technique uses correlation and regression analysis to analyse the relationship between 2 or more variables. The results show a significant and positive influence between the family environment and peers on students' learning motivation.
DISCUSSION. AXISYMMETRIC ELASTO-PLASTIC FLEXURE OF CIRCULAR PLATES IN THE LARGE DEFLEXION REGIME.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Keywords BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY AXISYMMETRIC, ELASTOPLASTIC, FLEXURE, CIRCULAR, PLATES, DEFLECTION, REGIMES, DYNAMICS, RELAXATION, EQUATIONS, DAMPING, CONSTANTS, LOADS, FACTORS... Show All
The Age of Śani in Modern Delhi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In northern India, the planetary deity Śani has historically been regarded as lord of many inauspicious phenomena that are also associated with the Kali Yuga. In the realm of astrology, the inevitable period of Śani's malevolent influence is known as sāŗhe sātī, and ritual specialists, particularly those of the dakaut caste, have historically been called upon to mediate between Śani and those afflicted by him. However, contemporary Śani-related practices in Delhi suggest that he is no longer simply conceptualized as a malevolent, inauspicious deity. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted at several Śani temples in Delhi, this article documents some of the ways in which contemporary worship of Śani is shaped by - and a sensible response to - changes in the Indian economy brought about by its ongoing liberalization. In this new world, even the Kali Yuga takes on unprecedented, surprising meanings.
Surface Morphology Characteristics and Improvements on Corrosion Resistance in Anodized Mg-Al Alloys as a Result of Sealing Treatments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of sealing solutions on the corrosion resistance of anodized Mg-Al alloys were investigated. As the proportion of Mg(OH)2 increases with the increase in the NaOH concentration, the corrosion potential improves. The sealing effects were further improved by increasing the temperature of distilled water, the pH of solutions, and the proportion of Mg(OH)2 present in the anodic film.
Milburn defends use of private sector in the NHS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The health secretary, Alan Milburn, last week defended the government's plans to increase private sector involvement in the health service.

Speaking to the government's health select committee, Mr Milburn said that partnerships with private providers could offer “good value for money for the taxpayer and the highest standards of care for patients.” His statements were backed by a memo to the select …
Welfare Reform and Older Immigrants' Health Insurance Coverage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives. I examined changes in older immigrants' health insurance coverage after welfare reform in the United States to determine whether the reform measures achieved their goal of saving money by reducing Medicaid participation without increasing the number of uninsured people. Methods. Data were obtained from older adults who participated in the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and Economic Supplement from 1994 to 1996 and 2001 to 2005. I used logistic regression to estimate changes in the sample's Medicaid and health insurance coverage after welfare reform, paying special attention to noncitizens and recent immigrants. Results. Older immigrants' health insurance status was associated with their citizenship status and length of stay in the United States. Medicaid participation significantly decreased among noncitizens and recent immigrants but increased among naturalized citizens. Private health insurance and employer-sponsored insurance coverage significantly increased among recent immigrants but decreased among established immigrants and naturalized citizens. The probability of being uninsured did not significantly change among any group of immigrants. Conclusions. Given increases in postreform Medicaid participation among some immigrant groups, my findings suggest that the long-term cost-saving effectiveness of the current restrictive Medicaid eligibility policy is doubtful.
Elucidation of the Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Response to HIV-1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specialized type I interferon (TI-IFN) producing cell of the innate immune system; they are critical in the control of HIV-1 infection. pDCs isolated from the blood during HIV-1 infection demonstrate profound dysfunction in their ability to produce the prototypic TI-IFN, IFN-α. In this thesis, I explore the factors that lead to pDC dysfunction during HIV-1 infection. Tim-3 (CD366), typically associated with activated T cells and of current interest as a target for immunotherapy, was identified on pDCs and shown to be upregulated during HIV-1 infection. Tim-3 expression in HIV-1 infection correlated with pDC dysfunction. Similarly, in healthy donors, Tim-3 expression was PI3K-dependent and induced in response to both TLR activation and in response to IFN-directly. Strong toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, such as CpG, imiquimod and Sendai virus were potent inducers of Tim-3, leading to subsequent dysfunction. The mechanism of action of Tim-3 was also explored. Anti-Tim-3 antibodies did not affect pDC function. However, surface Tim-3 associated with submembrane disruption of TLR after activation. Tim-3 staining intensity inversely correlated with decreased IRF7 staining and intracellular Tim-3 co-localized with p85 and IRF7 within LAMP1+ lysosomes. Most surprisingly, we found that HIV-1 itself was a poor inducer of Tim-3 expression. Thus, we investigated the agonistic capacity of HIV-1 on pDCs. When the amount of TLR7 triggering viral RNA was taken into consideration, influenza virus was a vastly superior pDC agonist. Efficient uptake of HIV-1 was observed, but failed to initiate a response, however, if a second agonist was added to the culture, HIV-1 augmented that response in a TLR7 dependent manner. Thus, we investigated the possibility of HIV-1 structural proteins in the evasion of the pDC response. We found that chemical agents that target the zinc-finger nuclease region of the nucleocapsid increased IFN-α production in response to HIV-1 stimulation. Thus, I propose a putative model of pDC dysfunction during HIV-1 infection where HIV-1 is endocytosed and remains dormant within the pDC endosome with the capacity to augment the response to secondary pathogens leading to disproportionate responses and Tim-3 upregulation.
Oncologic outcomes of radiation therapy following active surveillance for low- and intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

42 Background: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes and potential impact of delayed radical treatment in the form of radiotherapy (RT), in men with localized prostate cancer progressing after active surveillance (AS). Methods: We identified patients on AS subsequently treated with state-of-the-art RT (either dose-escalated image-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy [IG-IMRT] or low-dose-rate brachytherapy [LDR-BT]). Based on the clinical characteristics at time of AS progression, we compared the oncologic outcomes to matched patients treated with upfront RT after diagnose. One to two matching patients per AS case were identified from existing RT databases based on: age (+/- 3 years), clinical prognostic factors (NCCN risk group; PSA +/- 2ng/mL; cT category; primary and secondary Gleason score; percentage of diagnostic cores involved dichotomized at < or > 50%), and treatment modality (IG-IMRT or LDR-BT). We aimed to determine whether patients on AS have potentially compromised outcomes. Results: We identified 215 patients (out of 1070 AS cohort) undergoing RT after a median of 26 months (IQR 16-52.5) on AS. Median follow-up post RT was 4.8 years (IQR 2.9-7.2). No patient died of prostate cancer. At 5-years, the biochemical relapse free-, metastases free- and overall-survival rate were respectively 98.6%, 99.1%, 98.6% in the AS cohort. Matched cohort comprised 400 patients treated with IG-IMRT (71%) or LDR-BT (29%). Adequate matching was confirmed. The median follow-up post RT was 8.2 years (IQR 4.7-10). At 5-years, biochemical relapse free-, metastases free- and overall-survival rates of 98.5%, 98.7%, 93.7% respectively, which were not statistically different compared to those patients treated upon AS progression. Conclusions: Curative-intent radiotherapy (i.e. dose-escalated IG-IMRT or LDR-BT) after a period of AS renders excellent oncologic outcomes at 5 years. Moreover, the delay of therapy after a period of AS does not appear to result in inferior oncologic outcomes compared to patients with similar risk characteristics undergoing upfront radical radiotherapy.
Effects of Fear Appeals on Communicating Potential Health Risks of Unregulated Dietary Supplements to College Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Fear appeals are commonly used in health communication to reduce risk. It is not clear, however, whether familiarity with a health topic can lessen the threat intended. The use of unregulated dietary supplements among young adults is one such area that needs study. Purpose: The study examined the effect of fear appeals on self-protective behavior when college students were informed of the risks of consuming the dietary supplement creatine. It focused on students’ responses to fear appeals that varied depending on their familiarity with the product. Methods: Students were assigned to one of 3 groups based on familiarity with creatine. A total of 121 college students viewed advertisements depicting creatine consumption side effects, followed by the main questionnaire including perceived risk, attitudes, and behavioral intention measures. Results: Fear appeal messages were most effective for those least familiar with creatine. Discussion: Familiarity based on previous experience is a factor that must be considered when presenting threatening health information. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health educators and practitioners should inform young adults about risks and proper consumption of dietary supplements before they develop a strong disposition toward the product without accurate knowledge of proper dose and potential side effects.
SOME SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE INVESTMENT CAPITAL ATTRACTION FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE IN THE CURRENT PERIOD

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent years, thanks to the Party and State's policy of innovation and openness, along with the trend of globalization and international economic integration that is increasingly rapid in most countries around the world, Vietnam's tourism industry in general and the tourism industry of Tuyen Quang province in particular have also made certain progress and increasingly had a more positive impact on many areas of the country's socio-economic life. With the goal of making tourism a key economic sector of the locality in the future, attracting investment capital for tourism development is extremely necessary and there must be synchronous coordination between sectors and levels in implementing strategies to promote the rapid, balanced and sustainable development of the tourism industry.
Performance, Pleasure, and Profit at the Victorian Freak Show

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A successful freak act relies on much more than an unusual body. It must provoke pleasure of one kind or another. In this increasingly competitive industry, engaging the public day in and day out required ingenuity, effort, and expertise. For most who exhibited their corporeal anomalies the stakes were high: the ability to earn a steady living in this way, given their limited access to most other forms of employment, kept the workhouse and the asylum at bay. Thinking more about Victorian freak shows as creative and crafted performances, and thus as a form of skilled labor, allows us to move beyond the victim/agent binary. Instead, it shifts our focus to the ways in which talented and hard-working people with atypical bodies worked within the parameters the freak show afforded them, deploying other people’s pleasure strategically to preserve their own economic independence.
Analog Modeling of Recursive Estimator Design with Filter Design Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The low power solution for developing the application specific design methodologies using recursive coding had become central topic of modern research .In 3G mobile communication systems, in order to achieve low power consumption and high speed at low cost design.This paper focuses on implementing a design methodology using recursive encoder /decoder for optimizing the power and area and analyzing the performance interms of bit error rate (BER).
[The computed and magnetic resonance tomographic anatomy of the normal hippocampal area and in neurosurgical pathology].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To make a correct diagnosis, a volumetric presentation of the anatomy of perihippocampal fluid spaces (PHFS) may be useful if there are abnormalities in the medial portion of the temporal region. Pathological processes in the region result in changes in the normal anatomy of PHFS. Hippocampal atrophy accompanied by enlarged PHFS is a sign of Alzheimer's disease (1081 patients). These changes are best detected on frontal MR images, but they can be seen at routine CT study. Hydrocephalus (88 patients) is characterized by dilatation of the lower horn of the lateral ventricles without increased dimensions of the transverse fissure. Normotensive hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease may be differentiated in evaluating the PHFS. The understanding of the anatomy of PHFS is useful in making a better assessment of the degree of both intra- and extracerebral tumors (in 296 patients) and arterioventricular malformations (in 12 patients) in the medial portions of the temporal regions.
New approaches in plasminogen activator therapy.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Large efforts have been undertaken to develop more effective and safer thrombolytic agents than those currently used in clinical practice. In addition, the value of adjunctive agents influencing thrombotic and thrombolytic processes could be shown and newer agents are under active investigation. This review focuses on theoretical and practical aspects of optimizing thrombolytic therapy and mainly on genetically engineered, third generation plasminogen activators. Optimized thrombolytic therapy may make this form of therapy available to patients that are currently considered ineligible and it may lead to earlier, more complete reperfusion of infarct related coronary arteries. The benefits and risks of optimized thrombolytic regimens relative to mechanical reperfusion strategies will have to be constantly reassessed as both forms of treatment develop.
OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUES FOR COMPUTER-AIDED QUENCH CORRECTION.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In liquid scintillation counting as practiced in today's laboratories the reliability and accuracy of the machines is commonly assumed to be a negligible factor when compared with the accuracy of the measurement being performed. Fortunately, for the majority of cases this is correct. The user of scintillation counters is allowed the luxury of some powerful simplifications. He can decide how long to count any specific sample based on Poisson statistics. He ignores the machine drift, sample asymmetries, position errors, sample inhomogeneities and most of the other pitfalls in the path of righteous counting. By controlling sample composition he will even often be able to ignore variable quenching. All of these problems, however, become manifest for computer programs with the ultimate goal of on-line data capture and reduction. The most important design requirement for such a package is that the programs be written for the most sophisticated user to be encountered. With today's high speed computers, the storage space and management which would be required to hold a series of programs of variouslevels of sophistication are much more expensive than would be the saving in computer time realised by most of the users being content with simple algorithms. Thus, it becomes incumbent on the systems analyst to find the limits of the system and those factors contributing to error. Using such a systems approach leads, in turn, to optimisation of the data handling, the machine design, and finally (and most difficult in many cases) education of the user in proper machine utilisation and sample preparation. The goal is a good estimator of the disintegration rate D. This rate is observed indirectly by counting and adjusting for the efficiency, D = C/E where C is the counting rate, E the efficiency of the channel. Goodness is not a subtle concept in this case. A good estimator should be sufficient, be consistent, have minimum variance, and perhaps be unbiased. We want to know its sampling distribution, or at least its variance so as to