jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Level of Protein C in Hospitalized Iraqi Patients with COVID-19 and its Correlation with Hematological and Inflammatory Markers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 coagulopathy manifests by elevation of certain marker of active coagulation as fibrinogen and this increment associated with increased markers of inflammations. AIM: To measure protein C (PC) level in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to find a possible correlation with hematological and inflammatory markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five hospitalized Iraqi adult patients with COVID-19 were included in a descriptive cross-sectional research. PC, D-dimer, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) blood samples were collected, and further information was received from patient’s records. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Office Excel 2019. RESULTS: Mean age of 75 patients included in the study was 60.13 ± 14.65 years. Sixty-two (62.7%) of patients exhibited neutrophilia, whereas 41 had lymphopenia (54.7%). High ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) was seen in 66 (88.0%), eosinopenia was seen in 46 (61.3%), high lactate dehydrogenase level was seen 68 (90.7%), serum ferritin was high in 66 (88.0%), and high level of C-reactive protein was seen in 68 (90.7%), increased ESR was seen in 69 (92.0%) and high level of D-dimer was seen in 56 (74.7%), while low level of PC was seen in 12 (16.0%) patients. PC had significant negative correlation with prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time but no significant correlation with hematological and inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 coagulopathy is common in majority of patients which include significant changes in WBCs counts, inflammatory markers, PC, and D-dimer levels. Such changes may have a great impact on morbidity and mortality and thus need to be monitored throughout treatment and convalescence.
The T Cell Co-stimulatory Molecule GITR in the Control and Treatment of a Persistent Viral Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

During persistent viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, the immune response must achieve a balance between immune control and pathology. CD4 T cell help and co-stimulatory factors remain under-investigated in this context. This thesis explores the role of the Glucocorticoid-Induced Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor-Related Protein (GITR) and its efficacy as a target for therapy in chronic infection. Mice that lack the T cell co-stimulatory molecule GITR have impaired LCMV-specific CD8 T cell responses and control of chronic LCMV infection. The effects of GITR were lost when mice were depleted of CD4 T cells. GITR directly supports the accumulation of IL-2+ T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, thereby indirectly facilitating early LCMV-specific CD8 T cell responses, late B cell responses, and viral control. In vivo GITR-induced signals were detected at day 3 post-infection, and defects in CD4 T cell accumulation in GITR-deficient T cells were apparent starting at day 5 post-infection. GITR-Ligand (GITRL) is maximally induced on antigen presenting cells at day 2 post-infection, but is downregulated to below baseline levels by day 8 post-infection, and remains so at the chronic stage of infection (day 21 post-infection). GITR expression was highest on regulatory T cells (Tregs) but was also detected on Th1 and LCMV-specific CD8 T cells at day 8 post-infection and was maintained at low levels at day 21 post-infection. As GITRL was limiting at this late time point, we investigated the potential of therapeutic stimulation of GITR using an anti-GITR agonist monoclonal antibody. Anti-GITR treatment at day 21 post-infection increased the frequency and number of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells and improved viral control. These effects of anti-GITR were CD8 T cell-intrinsic. Taken together, this thesis demonstrates that GITR plays an important early role on CD4 T cells to support CD8 T and B cell responses to persistent LCMV infection, but at later time points, anti-GITR therapy acts directly on the CD8 T cells to improve viral control. These studies may inform the development of novel immune therapies for human persistent viral infections as well as malignancies.
Political Violence in Interwar France

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Political violence in interwar France is largely considered a marginal phenomenon, the practice of fascist and communist groups alien to the democratic and Republican consensus. Save for the occasional outburst of mass violence, historians have dismissed the sharp political conflict of the interwar years as pretense and bluster confined to the pages of newspapers and thunderous speeches. This article argues that the routine occurrence of political violence in France deserves greater attention. It suggests that analysis of the mechanics of daily confrontation such as political symbols, the use of weapons and conduct at meetings may reveal deeper attitudes to acceptable behaviour during aggressive political confrontation.
Non-sanction sources of an effective fiscal system interms of tax compliance: tax morale and mentality, taxjustice, trust in the tax apparatus and its activities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents the results of the author’s empirical social research on non-sanction sources of tax complianceof a natural person (an individual taxpayer). This concept is understood as conscious and intentional compliancewith tax law and meeting the requirements of tax law. The fundamental assumption is the discovery,proven by behavioral economics, that in a tax state under democratic conditions, people pay taxes not only becauseof state compulsion. A fiscal system that is effective in terms of tax compliance is a system in which as manytaxpayers as possible consciously and intentionally comply with tax law and meet the requirements of tax law.The article presents the level of tax compliance among adult Poles as well as the level of forced and voluntarycompliance determined in our own empirical research. Then, the following non-sanction determinants of a citizen’swillingness to make tax payments were presented: tax morale, lack of experience of unintentional tax error, attitudetowards tax compliance, religiosity, tax mentality, perception of the structure of taxes as fair, perception of thefunctioning of the tax apparatus for the common good, trust in the tax apparatus.
Feasibility of La Grita Member of Early Cretaceous as a Possible Unconventional Reservoir Play. Case Study. Western Venezuela

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This research has been carried out in an area of 678 km2 to the southwest of Maracaibo Lake Basin, where the lower La Grita Member of Early Cretaceous Capacho Formation has an average depth of 7600 ft (2.31 km). La Grita Member consists mainly of calcareous dark grey and laminated shale with oil traces, deposited at about 80 ft (24.38 m) which span from uppermost Albian to Cenomanian. This member represents a transgressive cycle associated with the low section of La Luna Formation (main oil and gas source of the western Venezuela). Besides, this research area has some relative flat in the Cretaceous section with little tectonic affectations, which allow developing unconventional reservoirs. The methodology proposed by Kuuskraa et al. (2013) to assessment an unconventional reservoir play was used in multidisciplinary studies. A total of 35 wells, one well core, several 2D seismic data, electric logs and geochemical analysis were considered to carry out this study. To make petrophysical analysis the methodology of Passey et al. (1990) was used. The geochemical data in core samples indicated that this interval shows good conditions for oil generation, where the organic matter percent is between 4.5 – 7.5% of TOC, with a maturity profile in oil window (0.5 – 0.9% Ro). The sedimentation environment suggests that the organic matter is marine. Lithologic description of drill core exhibits calcareous shales with muddy appearance. The Member is composed mineralogically by quartz/feldspar (32), calcite (50%), clay (15%) and other minerals (3%). The brittleness index of the member is around 77%. The electric logs in Member exhibit high radioactivity in some zones possibly associated to abundance of organic content. The petrophysical model matches with core samples results, where the intervals observed with high radioactivity were associated with organic richness. The geomechanical characterization in the area reveals that the state of stress in situ was estimated as normal to transcurrent. Mechanical properties of unit show moderate values of Poisson's ratio (0.23 – 0.26), high values of Young's modulus (0.88 – 4.46 * 106 psi) and UCS (6000 – 13500 psi). The Member can be classified as brittle, according to methodology of Grieser and Bray (2007). Finally, the geochemical and geological features of the member allow suggesting a possible oil play in this area. Moreover, the brittleness index and mineralogical analysis show excellent properties to horizontal hydraulic fracking of rocks. La Grita Member has never been considered as rock generater of oil in the area. However, the member has reservoirs associated where wells produce oil through natural fractures of the unit. In these reservoirs oil production decrease quickly, affected by low permeability of rocks.
Instantiation-based Formalization of Logical Reasoning Tasks Using Language Models and Logical Solvers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Robustness of reasoning remains a significant challenge for large language models, and addressing it is essential for the practical applicability of AI-driven reasoning systems. We introduce Semantic Self-Verification (SSV), a novel approach that addresses the key challenge in combining language models with the rigor of logical solvers: to accurately formulate the reasoning problem from natural language to the formal language of the solver. SSV uses a consistency-based approach to produce strong abstract formalizations of problems using concrete instantiations that are generated by the model and verified by the solver. In addition to significantly advancing the overall reasoning accuracy over the state-of-the-art, a key novelty that this approach presents is a feature of verification that has near-perfect precision over a significant coverage of cases, as we demonstrate on open reasoning benchmarks. We propose such *near-certain reasoning* as a new approach to reduce the need for manual verification in many cases, taking us closer to more dependable and autonomous AI reasoning systems.
On the nonexistence of purely Stepanov almost-periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that in uniformly convex Banach spaces, Stepanov almost-periodic functions with Stepanov almost-periodic derivatives are uniformly almost-periodic in the sense of Bohr. This in natural situations yields, jointly with the derived properties of the associated Nemytskii operators, the nonexistence of purely (i.e. nonuniformly continuous) Stepanov almost-periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations. In particular, the existence problem of such solutions, considered in a series of five papers of Z. Hu and A. B. Mingarelli, is answered in a negative way.
Phenomenological analysis of the CLAS data on double charged pion photo and electro- production

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

First comprehensive data on the evolution of nucleon resonance photocouplings with photon virtuality Q^2 are presented for excited proton states in the mass range from 1.4 to 2.0 GeV. N^* photocouplings were determined in phenomenological analysis of CLAS data on 2 pi photo and electroproduction within the framework of the JLAB-MSU phenomenological model.
SH3278722.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
OC18.07: Fetal echo and cardiovascular profile score (CVS) as a prognostic risk factor in fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine the value of CVS (Huhta's score) for prognosis of the fetal outcome with SCT. Retrospective video analysis of 26 cases with prenatal diagnosis of SCT from 6960 examined fetuses (1996–2004), in our unit. Mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 25 weeks. There was a solitary anomaly in 24 cases. Despite the normal heart anatomy in all fetuses, there were different functional anomalies in fetal echo such as: cardiomegaly, myocardial hypertrophy, impairment of myocardial function, pericardial effusion, abnormal venous Doppler or normal heart study. Two groups were analyzed: group A n = 9 survivors and group B n = 17 nonsurvivors. In group A median of CVS was 9, mean 8.9 (8–10), in group B median was 7, mean 6.6 (4–9) (p < 0.004). In majority of fetuses with SCT there were functional abnormalities in fetal echo leading to congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure was the main prognostic risk factor for perinatal death. Fetal echo and CVS were useful for fetal condition assessment as well as for prognosis.
Women’s Livelihoods: Socio-Economic Implications of 2014 Slum Clearances. The Case of Namuwongo and Banda Slums, Kampala

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the lives of some women slum-dwellers in Kampala who
have faced threats or actual evictions, notably in 2014 in the slums of
Namuwongo and Banda in Kampala, the capital of Uganda. The study suggests
that slum women displaced find themselves more than ever unable to improve
or maintain their own socio-economic status and livelihoods. Fieldwork, based
on almost thirty interviews with a range of stakeholders, revealed the limitations
of available formal and informal income-generating activities for displaced slum
women. Their livelihood options were confined to charcoal selling, local brewing,
vegetable hawking and prostitution, forms of economic activities that do
not necessarily offer the women any way out of their economic and livelihood
insecurity. This study found that poor socio-economic conditions faced in slum
areas worsened for almost all the women, because of the way slum demolitions
were handled. Empirical findings of the study suggest no compensation was provided,
and there was no rehousing. There are now few prospects for legal or
other redress for the women most affected, because they lacked property rights
in slum areas. As a result, their indebted situations have worsened and so have
the coping strategies. In addition to finding the women have been disempowered
in terms of socio-economic status, by the slum demolitions, the study also highlights
the government’s responsibility in relation to poor women, who should
also have a “right to the city”.
XBadges. Identifying and training soft skills with commercial video games

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

XBadges is a research project based on the hypothesis that commercial video games (nonserious games) can train soft skills. We measure persistence, spatial reasoning and risk taking before and after subjects participate in controlled game playing sessions. In addition, we have developed an automatic facial expression recognition system capable of inferring their emotions while playing, allowing us to study the role of emotions in soft skills acquisition. We have used Flappy Bird, Pacman and Tetris for assessing changes in persistence, risk taking and spatial reasoning respectively. Results show how playing Tetris significantly improves spatial reasoning and how playing Pacman significantly improves prudence in certain areas of behavior. As for emotions, they reveal that being concentrated helps to improve performance and skills acquisition. Frustration is also shown as a key element. With the results obtained we are able to glimpse multiple applications in areas which need soft skills development.
Introducing antisense waxy gene reduces amylose contents in the grain of the thermo-sensitive genic male sterility

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To enhance the selective limits of crossbreeding for the thermo-sensirive genic male sterility 261S rice,an antisense waxy gene was introduced into the 261S immature embryo callus by Agrobacterium infection.A total of 46 transgenic T_0 plants were obtained by hygromycin B selections and PCR analysis.The transgenic T_2 plants that were pure in anti-waxy-gus fusion gene position were obtained through GUS analyses.Amylose contents in the 10 transgenic homozygous lines and the contrast mature seeds were analyzed.The results indicated that amylose average content in the contrast seeds was 18.54% and amylose contents in most of the transsgenic plants'seeds were up to 26.91% lower than the contrast.This study could lay a foundation for the high quality breeding of two-line hybrid rice.
Breeding biology of three large, sympatric rainforest parrots in New Guinea: Palm Cockatoo, Pesquet’s Parrot and Eclectus Parrot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In New Guinea Palm Cockatoos, Pesquet’s Parrots and Eclectus Parrots are potentially threatened by deforestation and hunting. In a 28-month study, we found 51 Palm Cockatoo, 34 Pesquet’s Parrot and 71 Eclectus Parrot nests. Eclectus Parrots used taller, larger, live trees. Palm Cockatoos preferred hollows in broken trunks having deeper hollows with larger entrances. Pesquet’s Parrots excavated their nest hollows in dead trees. Palm Cockatoos nested at lower density (0.008 nests/ha) than Pesquet’s (0.022 nests/ha) and Eclectus Parrots (0.069 nests/ha). Palm Cockatoos and Pesquet’s Parrots appeared to breed seasonally; Eclectus Parrots bred at higher frequency year-round. Palm Cockatoo clutch size was one; Pesquet’s and Eclectus Parrots clutches had one to two eggs. Eclectus Parrots had higher fledging success: 54%, compared with 40% of Palm Cockatoo and 17% of Pesquet’s Parrot eggs. Predation caused most nest failures for Palm Cockatoos and Eclectus Parrots; starvation caused most loss in Pesquet’s Parrots. Humans hunted Palm Cockatoos and Pesquet’s Parrots, not Eclectus Parrots. Higher nest tree density, breeding success, and more generalised feeding habits may make Eclectus Parrots the least vulnerable of the three species. Low population density and breeding frequency of Palm Cockatoos and Pesquet’s Parrots may make them more vulnerable.
Effect of sanitizers and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 on the growth ofSalmonella spp. in raw chicken fillets during temperature abuse storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One of the food products commonly contaminated by Salmonella is raw chicken. In wet markets in Southeast Asian countries, chicken carcasses frequently were handled and sold at abused temperatures, above the refrigeration temperatures (>5°C), thus could support the growth of Salmonella. One way to extend the shelf life of raw chicken carcasses at room temperature is by reducing the initial contamination using sanitisers such as ozone micro-bubble water (OMBW) or hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The other option is by adding bio-preservative agents such as lactic acid bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sanitisers in reducing the initial contamination and the potential of lactic acid bacteria in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella in raw chicken fillets stored at abused temperatures. Chicken fillets were artificially inoculated with Salmonella (~5 log CFU/g) and rinsed for 5 minutes with sterile water, OMBW (1 and 2 ppm), or NaOCl solution (50 and 100 ppm). The results showed that washing the chicken fillets with NaOCl 100 ppm gave the most reduction of Salmonella counts. However, there were no significant effects regarding the inhibition of Salmonella growth during temperature abuse between those previously washed with OMBW or sterile water. The addition of L. rhamnosus R23 (6 log CFU/g and 8 log CFU/g) did not significantly inhibit the growth of Salmonella as compared to the control.
The Impact of the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation on the World: Taking the Belt and Road Initiative as an Example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As China emerges in global affairs, the rise of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation have become one of the focal points on the international stage today. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as an example and deeply explores the impact of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on the international community. The theory of the Thucydides Trap and the international attention sparked by China's rise are focused, and a combination of strategic research and literature review is employed to systematically analyze the initiative's performance from both strategic and cultural perspectives. The study finds that the BRI reflects China's multiple roles as a global economic participant and an advocate for international cooperation; meanwhile, it also triggers potential challenges of geopolitical competition and the Thucydides Trap. The conclusion emphasizes a profound understanding of the positive impact of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on the world, providing wise references for the cooperation and stability of the international community. This research provides an in-depth and comprehensive perspective on the evolution of China's role in global perception.
A Robust Approach for Eye Localization Under Variable Illuminations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Illumination variation is a main obstacle in facial feature detection. This paper presents a novel automated approach that localizes eyes in gray-scale face images and that is robust to illumination changes. The approach does not require prior knowledge about face orientation and illumination strength. Other advantages are that no initialization and training process are needed. Based on an edge map obtained via multi-resolution wavelet transform, this approach first segments an image into different inhomogeneously illuminated regions. The illumination of every region is then adjusted so that the features' details are more pronounced. To locate the different facial features, for every region, Gabor-based image is constructed from the re-lit image. The eyes sub-regions are then identified using the edge map of the re-lit image. This method has been applied successfully to the images of the Yale B face database that have different illuminations.