jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Host Immune Response toSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice Derived from Wild Strains

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Studies of mouse models of endotoxemia and sepsis with gram-negative bacteria have shown that the host response is genetically controlled. Mice infected with the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium exhibit marked genetic differences in disease manifestation, and the wild-derived strain Mus musculus molossinus MOLF/Ei is extremely susceptible to S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The kinetics of bacterial proliferation within the liver and the spleen and histological examination of tissue sections have suggested that MOLF/Ei mice do not succumb to infection because of overwhelming bacterial growth in the reticuloendothelial organs or massive tissue necrosis, as observed in other Salmonella -susceptible strains. MOLF/Ei mice respond normally to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo and in vitro, as determined by the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and spleen cell mitogenesis. However, they have a unique cytokine profile in response to infection compared to that observed for other Salmonella -susceptible mice. There was increased expression of mRNA of the interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β genes as the infection in the spleens and livers of MOLF/Ei mice progressed. Despite the fact that MOLF/Ei mice have the ability to respond to LPS and the fact that there are significant increases in IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA, Nos2 in the spleen is not upregulated and nitrite production by spleen cells is reduced. At the central level, the inflammatory response is characterized by strong upregulation of the inhibitory factor kappa B alpha and Toll-like receptor 2 genes, two genes known to be regulated by LPS and IL-1 in the brain. The high levels of IL-1 expression in the spleens and livers of MOLF/Ei mice may have important implications for the activation of peripheral and central innate immune mechanisms.
Indications for Anticoagulant Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE place of anticoagulant therapy in the various types and phases of occlusive vascular disease, venous and arterial, has been debated ever since its introduction into clinical practice more than fifteen years ago. The widely divergent opinions and seemingly conflicting results of therapeutic trials that have appeared are unmistakable symptoms of defective knowledge, concerning not only the basic pathologic processes, which it is the aim of therapy to prevent, but also the management of therapy and the selection of the patients who are likely to benefit most. As a background for evaluating the various results in an attempt to establish . . .
Granulocytic sarcoma – An unusual cause of shoulder pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractThis case highlights the difficulty that clinicians face in trying to identify the relevant clinical facts when patients present with complex conditions. A 53 year old woman was referred to an orthopaedic management service in November 2003 with left-sided shoulder and thumb pain. On initial presentation, she displayed many clinical features consistent with a mechanical shoulder problem. However, her previous medical history of acute myeloid leukaemia could not be ignored. Investigations revealed a granulocytic sarcoma arising in the cervical spinal canal and extending to the paraspinal tissues adjacent to the C5 and C6 vertebrae.This case highlights the importance for physiotherapists of relying on their own clinical reasoning skills and illustrates the challenge they face when working in extended roles of practice, when presented with ‘Red Flags’.Key Words: red flagsspinal pathologygranulocytic sarcomabrachial plexus
Increased sensitivity of adriamycin-selected tumor lines to CTL-mediated lysis results in enhanced drug sensitivity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The emergence of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy. Therefore, much effort has been aimed at circumventing or reversing this undesired effect. Recently, we found that tumor cell lines selected for their multidrug-resistant phenotype can also exhibit increased levels of TAP mRNA and MHC class I proteins. This raised the question of whether drug-resistant tumors are more readily recognized by MHC-restricted CTLs. In this report, we show that five of five MHC class I+ tumor cell lines grown in medium containing Adriamycin developed into variants that expressed higher levels of MHC class I than did their corresponding parental cell lines. This was not observed with a MHC class I- cell line. No similar association was noted for changes in the expression of either HER-2 or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 protein. We also found that MHC class I+ drug-selected variants were more readily lysed by MHC-restricted, tumor-associated CTLs than were the drug-sensitive parental cell lines. When the drug-selected variants were cocultured with the same CTLs to eliminate tumor cells expressing higher levels of MHC-I (MHC-Ihi), the CTL-resistant tumor cells exhibited a drug sensitivity profile similar to that of the parental cell lines that were not exposed to Adriamycin. These findings suggest that certain chemotherapeutic drugs may increase the immunogenicity of some tumors, and that CTL immunotherapy may help reverse drug resistance.
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two patients with unilateral optic atrophy had both suprasellar and intraorbital arteriovenous malformations. The first had associated vascular lesions of the ipsilateral mandible and maxilla, while the second had an ipsilateral facial vascular lesion. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of the Wyburn-Mason syndrome in which retinal arteriovenous malformations are absent despite extensive intraorbital involvement with the malformation.
Biosensor Measurement Of Urea Coonncentration In Human Blood Serum

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An application of the highly biosensor based on pH-sensitive field immobilized urease for urea analysis was demo The main analytical characteristics of the bios determined; the conditions of urea measureme blood were optimized. A conceptual possibility biosensor for detection of urea concentratio patients suffering from renal insufficiency was sensitive and selective effect transistor and monstrated in this work. iosensor developed were ment in real samples of ility of application of the tion in blood serum of as shown.
Dual Sentiment Classification with Sarcasm Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Whenever a person wants to buy some new thing, watch a movie or go to an unknown place, he/she searches for online reviews. People who have watched that particular movie or have been to that place in the past post these reviews, which leads to huge volumes of user-oriented textual data which is rendered useless if it is not thoroughly analyzed and put into some techniques as input and derive some application-specific and meaningful results. Hence, in this paper, we propose a sentiment classification model named as Dual Sentiment Classification (DSC) with Sarcasm Identification. This model will first perform sarcasm identification on the user reviews and classify them as sarcastic and non-sarcastic and then sentiment classification will be performed using dual sentiment analysis concept, to classify the reviews as positive or negative.
Sidelobe reduction using null subtraction imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we propose a novel anodization scheme where three different apodizations are introduced to create three separate images that are then combined nonlinearly to produce better image quality, i.e., null subtraction imaging (NSI). All apodizations were on receive only. The first apodization consisted of a zero mean weighting with the left half of aperture a weight of + 1 and the right half of aperture a weight of −1. The second apodization was a DC offset version of the first apodization and the third apodization was a flipped version of the second. Images were created by combining the envelope signals of three apodizations with different weights. The images were subtracted from one another resulting in a reduction in sidelobe levels, a narrowing of the main lobe and improvement in image quality. An L14-5 array transducer and a Verasonics system were used to capture the RF channel data using seven plane waves spanning angles between −12° and 12°. Both coherent compounding and filtered incoherent compounding were used as a tradeoff between lateral resolution and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Images were constructed from wire targets, a tissue-mimicking phantom, and rat tumors in vivo. Image quality was assessed through the CNR and intensity of sidelobes visible in the images. Images created using NSI were compared to images created using Hanning apodization with delay and sum (DAS) and a generalized coherence factor (GCF) approach. Improvements in image quality were found when using NSI compared to the other methods.
Índice de masa corporal, peso ideal y porcentaje de grasa corporal en personas de diferentes grupos etarios

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective is to compare BMI with the percentage of body fat and ideal weight, to supplement BMI in the diagnosis of obesity, from a group of adults. METHODS: descriptive, cross-cutting, prospective and correlational study, in a sample of 797 adults between 17 and 96 years old, attended in different clinical centers of Caracas, between 2015 and 2018. The variables are: age, weight, size and BMI was calculated, percentage of body fat (BFP) and ideal weight (IW). They were classified by sex, age group and BMI in normality and obesity. Two formulas were used for BFP: Deurenberg and Regression; and three formulas for IW: Lorenz, Ramirez-Lopez et al and Broca. Descriptive measures, association, correlation, average comparison and normality test were obtained, using Excel software, Epidat.2. RESULT: BMI and BFP averages increase to 40 years and decrease to age 79, the variables Size – IW Broca, and BMI- BFPR correlate well (r>0.75). The average BMI, BFPD, BFPR, IW Broca and IW Lorenz, depending on gender, are significant (p<0.000); for BMI, in Normality and Obesity, the weight averages, BMI, BFPD and BFPR are higher in the Obesity group, and significant (p<0,000). The Shapiro-France normality test found that the distribution of BMI, BFPD, BFPR and IW Lorenz, comes from a normally distributed population (p< 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: BMI even though it is most commonly used to diagnose obesity, it classifies normally, those with a high percentage of body fat.
Effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction from leaf explants of Cleome viscosa.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to establish an effective protocol for callus induction from the leaf explants of the Cleome viscosa. Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparidaceae) is a widely distributed herb with yellow flowers and long slender pods containing seeds. This is the important medicinal herb. Tender leaves, stems, pods and flowers are used as vegetables with high nutrition source like beta-carotene, vitamin-C and moderate levels of calcium, magnesium and iron. It has tremendous medicinal values against diphtheria, vomiting, headache, pneumonia, septic ears, stomach ailments and also used to increase the blood formation and antimicrobial activities. The surface sterilization of explants (leaf) was observed from 3% hydrogen peroxide, 0.1%mercuric chloride and 70% ethanol. Callus formation was observed from five different culture media (B5, WPM, MS, SH, and Y3) devoid of plant growth regulators. Among those five culture media the MS medium was maximum of 59% callus response with an average of 84.1±0.55mg fresh mass was observed from leaf explants cultured on MS medium than others. Callus induction - Maximum regenerative callus biomass in the leaf explants was observed from IAA (2mg/l). An efficient callus formation protocol was developed for medicinal plant Cleome viscosa by in vitro culture of leaf part of mature plant.
Using Big Data to Study Digital Piracy and the Copyright Alert System 1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Copyright Alert System (CAS) is a monitoring and notification system through which Internet Service Providers monitor whether or not one of their subscribers engage in digital piracy. There are clear indications as to whether or not the implementation of the CAS resulted in changes in online search behavior related to digital piracy. The jurisdiction that comes closest to the United States in terms of Internet access and access to digital content and sociodemographic variables is Canada. Within the context of e-interventions, Big Data as a source provides evaluators with an additional tool that can be used to analyze changes in online behavior. For evaluators, the lesson to be learned is that relevant and interesting insights can be obtained by using Big Data as a source even though it cannot be used as the sole method to make statements about the effectiveness or impact of policy.
Far-infrared studies on molecular motions and interactions in liquids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Far-infrared spectroscopy has been applied to the study of liquid phase molecular dynamics and interactions. The absorption and dispersion spectra of solutions of acetonitrile in carbon tetrachloride, across a range of temperatures and concentrations, have been obtained. These spectra have bean interpreted with the parameters obtained from a model developed from a generalised Langsvin equation of motion which includes intermolecular torque terms. The results obtained from the model analysis have been applied in an investigation of the non-reorientational contributions to the Raman and infrared bands arising from the and v(^1) and v(_3) modes. This study has shown that contrary to the assumptions commonly made, these contributions are not equal and some possible explanations for the discrepancies are given. A number of internal field theories are discussed and have been applied to the acetonitrile systems. The interpretation of the results of this analysis in terms of a simple model suggest that there is a preferred i.e. non-random orientation of the acetonitrile molecules in solution. A study of some tertiary alkyl ammonium halide solutions has revealed that there is a series of systems which separate into two liquid phases. Further investigation has highlighted the role of small amounts of water in these systems.
Area classification of flammable mists: Summary of joint-industry project findings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the findings from a programme of research on mists produced from flammable or combustible fluids at temperatures below their flash points that was undertaken at the Health and Safety Laboratory and Cardiff University over the last four years. The purpose of the research was to improve our understanding of flammable mists and, in particular, to identify when leaks of high-flashpoint fluids may produce a flammable atmosphere and to help define the extent of the flammable cloud. The work was funded by a consortium of industry and regulatory sponsors. The research programme consisted of five main elements: 1.) A detailed literature review (presented previously at the Hazards XXIII conference) 2.) Development of a classification system for releases of high-flashpoint fluids 3.) Experiments to determine the ignitable range of droplet size and concentration for different classes of spray release 4.) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling of the experiments and other releases relevant for area classification 5.) A final stage of analysis and comparison to area classification guidelines This paper concentrates on the final four elements. The experiments and CFD modelling considered three fluids: Jet A1 (kerosene, flashpoint = 38 °C), a hydraulic oil (flashpoint = 223 °C) and a light fuel oil (flashpoint = 81 °C). These were chosen as representative of the range of high-flashpoint fluids used across industry. A single release geometry was studied that involved an orifice diameter of 1 mm and a downwards-directed spray. For pressures where the spray was fully atomised, it was found that the CFD model using the 'DNV Phase III JIP RR Primary Breakup Model' provided reasonably good predictions of the droplet size and concentration. Predictions from the validated CFD model were compared to hazard distances presented in the EI15 Model code of safe practice. The paper concludes with amendments to some of the existing guidelines for area classification of mists.
Association between Autoimmune Hepatitis and Celiac Disease among Egyptian Children and Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated intolerance to gluten .CD has been recognized as a multisystem disorder which may affect other extra intestinal organs, such as the skin, thyroid, heart, nervous system, pancreas and liver. Individuals with CD are at increased risk of liver disease namely cryptogenic liver disorder and autoimmune liver disorder. However, until now, it remains unknown whether these two forms of liver disease are really different entities or only different severities of the same disorder. Objective To evaluate the association of CD with autoimmune hepatitis in pediatrics. Subjects and Methods This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Pediatric Hepatology Clinic and Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. The study included 2 groups of patients each comprised 20 children and adolescents as follow: Group I: Patients with established diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). All patients were receiving corticosteroids and azathioprine Group II: Patients with established diagnosis of CD. In group I patients with AIH, CD was screened for using anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA in addition to measuring serum IgA to determine the need to measure anti-tTG IgG. Immunological markers (ANA, anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and liver and kidney microsomal (LKM) antibodies in addition to protein electrophoresis were done for group II patients with CD to screen for AIH. Results All patients in group I with AIH had normal serum IgA levels and were found negative for anti-tTG IgA. Also, group II patients with CD were negative for ANA, ASMA and LKM antibodies with normal protein electrophoresis. Conclusion The current study showed that CD does not seem to have significant association with AIH, however, the small sample size is a study limitation. Further wider scale studies are needed to evaluate the risk of AIH in CD.
"Inflammatory Carcinoma" of the Breast

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The gravity of inflammatory signs in the skin overlying a carcinoma of the breast has been appreciated for well over a century (3). Klotz (32) in 1869 and Volkmann (59) in 187S described "carcinomatous mastitis" as occurring particularly in young women during pregnancy and lactation. Bryant (9) first appreciated that the inflammatory signs were attributable to diffuse lymphatic blockage by cancer cells. Numerous other reports were published from time to time, the condition being variously described as acute brawny cancer, acute scirrhous carcinoma, acute medullary cancer, acute mammary carcinomatosis, lactation cancer, carcinoma mastitoides, inflamed cancer, etc. In 1924 Lee and Tannenbaum presented 28 cases of the disease under the title "Inflammatory Carcinoma of the Breast" (37). Many smaller groups of cases have since been reported, adding to the already formidable list of names applied to the condition. Despite this multiplicity of terms, however, one significant advance is to be noted: whereas in 1924 it was difficult to convince the medical profession that the inflammatory signs were of a cancerous nature (37), today that fact is universally accepted.Definition: As we shall show in our study, the "inflammatory" type of carcinoma of the breast presents certain clinical characteristics and certain pathological peculiarities. Since pathological material is not available in all cases, and since special pathological study is often necessary to demonstrate the typical invasion of lymphatic vessels, most of the cases included in this study were selected on the basis of clinical characteristics alone. These characteristics, justifying the designation "inflammatory," are redness, heat, edema, orange-peel appearance of the skin, diffuse and ill-defined swelling, and sometimes pain and tenderness. All of these features are not present in every case, and those which are present may vary in degree. No one of them alone is sufficient to justify the clinical diagnosis. Thus in the absence of pathological proof, there may be disagreement among clinical observers as to whether a given case is or is not "inflammatory carcinoma"; and the possibility of such disagreement is increased when decision must be made on the basis of a study of records and photographs rather than of the patients themselves. We have carefully reviewed our cases of carcinoma of the breast and believe that those included in this report presented characteristics justifying the designation, inflammatory carcinoma.
DISPOSAL OF SPENT IONIZATION RADIATION SOURCES COBALT-60

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The article discusses the experience work of specialists of the consortium as part of the INP AS (Tashkent, Uzbekistan), JSC " JSC «Research Institute of Technical Physics and Automation»" and CJSC "Mounting Firm "Radiy" (Moscow, Russia) at utilization of 96 pieces of sources GIK-7-2 Co-60 of gamma installations of "RKhM-gamma-20" and "Issledovatel", including 2 emergency sources Co-60, their burial in specialization point for radioactive waste. Also, the experience of specialists in the elimination of emergency situation with recharge a highly active source of GIK 8-4 Co-60 for radiation gamma therapy from emergency holder with crack to a new holder from depleted uranium. The reason for the appearance of a crack on the body of the Co-60 source holder is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Dyotropic (6 + 4)‐Hydrogen Migration in a 2,3‐Bis(methylene) decahydroanthracene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
POLEMIC OF LITERACY IN BRAZIL OF PAULO FREIRE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Debates linked to academic theories have been intensifying in the Brazilian political scene from statements shared sharply by governmental authorities. Thus, there is evidence of efforts to depreciate the legacy left by Paulo Freire and the contributions of the literacy approach to the writing acquisition process. Contrasting with the ideals shared by the authorities, I present some contributions by Paulo Freire to current demands for empowering (1) scientific education in schools and (2) critical training of female teachers. These contributions are appropriated by contemporary research in literacy studies, produced in the Brazilian and international academic context. As forwarding, I emphasize the relevance of teacher education mediated by investigative practices, as already proposed by the mentioned educator. It can guarantee to the female teachers the autonomy necessary for their own methodological constructions and professional confrontations.