jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SACHETS: Semi-Autonomous Cognitive Hybrid Emergency Teleoperated Suction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blood suction and irrigation are among the most critical support tasks in robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS). Usually, suction/irrigation tools are controlled by a surgical assistant to maintain a clear view of the surgical field. Thus, the assistant's contribution to other emergency support tasks is limited. Similarly, when the surgical assistant is not available to perform the blood suction, the leading surgeon must take over this task, which in a complex surgical procedure can result in an unnecessary increment in the cognitive load. To alleviate this problem, we have developed a semi-autonomous robotic suction assistant, which was integrated with a Da Vinci Research Kit (DVRK). At the heart of the algorithm, there is an autonomous control based on a deep learning model to segment and identify the location of blood accumulations. This system provides automatic suction allowing the leading surgeon to focus exclusively on the main task through the control of key instruments of the robot. We conducted a user study to evaluate the user's workload demands and performance while doing a surgical task under two modalities: (1) autonomous suction action and (2) a surgeon-controlled-suction. Our results indicate that users working with the autonomous system completed the task 161 seconds faster than in the surgeon-controlled-suction modality. Furthermore, the autonomous modality led to a lower percentage of bleeding in the surgical field and workload demands on the users (p-value<0.05). These results show how leveraging state-of-the-art AI algorithms can reduce cognitive demands and enhance performance.
There is no good excuse for a bad random number generator: a reply to Barry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We respond to Barry's comments on Van Niel and Laffan (2003 Van Niel, K.P. and Laffan, S.W. 2003. Gambling with randomness: the use of pseudorandom number generators in GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17(1): 49–68. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) in this journal. Barry is correct on one point, but the remainder of his critique is based on opinion and is not supported by the literature. We conclude with an update on the current application of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) in geospatial analysis and its implementation in current geographical information system (GIS) software systems.
Arena Assessment: Evolution of Teamwork for Frail Older Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article offers an approach to the assessment of frail older adults with complex needs that has been used by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Program on Aging as both a care delivery and a teaching strategy. The patient is assessed simultaneously by different disciplines to develop a holistic and practical plan of care. It is termed "arena assessment," borrowing from the pediatric literature on transdisciplinary assessment of children. The article explores the benefits and limitations of this approach for patients and families, as well as for professional learners. Case examples illustrate use of the model from community-based to institutional care.
Toward a Provider Builder Maturity Model to Empower Clinicians to Actively Participate in Electronic Health Record Design

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Engagement of clinicians who understand clinical workflows and technology constraints can accelerate the development and implementation of better electronic health record (EHR) designs that improve quality and reduce burnout. Provider builder programs can accelerate clinical informatics education for a broader coalition of clinical specialties. Objectives In this State of the Art/Best Practice paper, we aim to (1) propose a provider builder maturity model informed by the experience of three institutions using a single EHR vendor (Epic Systems) and (2) describe the program elements and relationships necessary to advance along this model to yield organizational benefits. Methods We used a modified version of the Glaser State-of-the-Art approach, gathering consensus among a small group of experts at institutions with successful provider builder programs. The model was updated through meetings with a larger group of experts and then feedback from presentation at national conferences and the American Medical Informatics Association's Maturity Model Working Group. Results The final maturity model describes the characteristics and suggested next steps beginning from Planting the Seed (Stage 0) and progressing through Lone Wolves (Stage 1), a Community of Builders (Stage 2), Organizational Structure (Stage 3), a Council of Builders (Stage 4), and Informatics in the Room Where it Happens (Stage 5). We also describe the journeys of three organizations through these stages. Conclusion A provider builder maturity model can help guide organizations on their journey engaging clinicians in collaborative EHR design to promote quality and safety and reduce burnout.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 47699

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: IR 9965 SEL
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 47699
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1978-12-13
Other identifiers: n/a,348822
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
[The diagnostic value of CT in siderophilia (primary idiopathic hemochromatosis)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CT, due to its high resolution of density, is suitable, within certain limits, to quantify iron contents in the liver. - Diagnostic value and limits of dual-energy-computed tomography after 38 examinations, 31 of them in patients with verified haemochromatosis, are described: In a progressive state of iron overload a high correlation exists between results of computed tomography and usual reference methods of iron metabolism (iron determination by absorption spectrometry and histologic examination, serum-iron-level, serum-ferritin-level, relative transferrin saturation, desferal test). - With a specificity of nearly 100% CT shows a minor or medium iron overload only with low sensitivity. - Because of its noninvasive nature CT is an alternative method of biopsy in progressive liver disease with suspected hepatic siderosis.
An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Green Betel (Piper betle L.) Leaf Extract Hand Sanitizer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Green betel (Piper betle L.) leaf contains anti-thrush, anti-cough, astringent, and antiseptic chemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential oils. Hand sanitizer can also be used as an antiseptic agent, which is a more practical option. The purpose of this study was to see how the composition of green betel leaf extract made by infusion affected its physical properties and bacterial inhibition. Hand sanitizer samples were made using different concentrations of green betel leaf extract (10 - 25 wt%) with and without the addition of tea tree essential oil. Sample testing included organoleptic tests, physical properties tests, and effectiveness tests on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed that the best composition was found to be at a concentration of 10 wt% green betel leaf extract without the addition of essential oil, with pH ranging from 5.2 to 5.8 and viscosities ranging from 1.32 to 1.99 cps, in the form of a watery gel and a clear yellow color. Meanwhile, hand sanitizer sensitivity testing revealed that none of the samples could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. This indicates that the concentration of green betel leaf extract in the sample is still insufficient to inhibit bacterial growth.
An oxytocin antagonist infused into the central nucleus of the amygdala increases maternal aggressive behavior.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Decreased oxytocin levels in the amygdalas of rat dams following chronic gestational cocaine exposure have been correlated with heightened maternal aggressive behavior. In this experiment, drug-naive dams were implanted with bilateral cannulas into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) or control area and infused with 1,000 or 500 ng of an oxytocin antagonist (OTA) or buffer, 4 hr before testing. Behavior was compared among dams infused with OTA into target areas just outside the CNA and cocaine-treated dams (infused with buffer). Dams infused with 1,000 ng OTA attacked intruders significantly more often than buffer-infused dams. OTA did not affect other behaviors, suggesting that disruption of oxytocin activity in the CNA may be sufficient to selectively alter maternal aggressive behavior.
SU‐E‐T‐454: Feasibilty of Image‐Guided Total Marrow Irradiation Using Helical TomoTherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Investigation of the technical feasibility and dosimetry of image‐ guided total marrow irradiation using helical TomoTherapy in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma patients. Irradiation is followed by a hematopietic stemcell transplantation. This study concentrates on planning and dosimetry Methods: Patients are simulated in supine position with H&N mask and pelvic cast. TomoTherapy plans for the upper body (head‐knees) were generated (pitch 0.45, modulation factor 2.0, field width 5cm). Dose prescription was 4x3Gy=12Gy. Dose verification is performed with the IˈmRT MatriXX. Beam‐on‐time is +/−30min. TMI‐stability measurement was done with 2 ICs on different distances in 1.5m solid water equivalent blocks. Lower extremities were planned conventional and with TomoTherapy. Dose in the junction region between upper and lower body plans was verified with EDR2 film for both techniques. Results: It is possible to create clinically acceptable plans for the upper body with TomoTherapy. Verification shows acceptable results in the lung region (gamma 5%, 7mm). Measurement in pelvis region is less good as in lung region. TMI‐stability measurement shows differences in dose till 4% measured/calculated. During TMI a 2.5% dose drift was seen by the detectors. Plans for the extremities were more homogeneous in the junction region with TomoTherapy comparing with the conventional technique. Conclusions: TPS has difficulties to find a good ratio between couch and gantry speed. Differences seen at TMI‐stability measurements can be pointed to drift and stability of one rotation. Differences are depending on system stability (magnetron, target, …). Patient specific QA is necessary before treatment. Differences between the gamma index of the lungs and pelvis can be pointed to the fact that the planning is optimized very well for the lung region. Pitch and modulation factor are optimized for this region. For the junction region tomotherapy plans give a better homogeneity than 1 tomotherapy and 1 conventional plan.
Dsg2 regulates intestinal epithelial cell adhesion and barrier function via EGFR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rapidly renewing epithelial tissues such as the intestinal epithelium require precise modulation of intercellular adhesion to preserve barrier integrity during cell division and differentiation. Previously, we have shown that Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), an adhesion molecule of desmosomes, beside its adhesion function, regulates intestinal barrier properties via p38MAPK signaling. Here we show that Dsg2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) co‐localize at the apical part of cell‐cell contacts in polarized enterocytes using confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. DLD1 cells deficient for Dsg2 display EGFR mislocalization and reduced protein levels of activated as well as total EGFR. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed EGFR‐Dsg2 interaction both under cell‐free conditions as well as on living enterocytes, which was confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation. Moreover, EGFR inhibition reduced cell cohesion and barrier reformation. In line with this, we demonstrate that Src activity is required for barrier formation and localization of EGFR and Dsg2 to cell‐cell contacts. Thus, our study reveals a new mechanism by which Dsg2 regulates barrier properties via EGFR. Support or Funding Information This work was funded by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: the priority program DFG_SPP1782 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Mitigation of aluminum toxicity by calcium and magnesium in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the short-term and long-term mitigation of Al toxicity by Ca and Mg in pot trials of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). We found that in the initial stages of treatment, Al toxicity at high Al concentration (5mM) was mitigated by Ca and Mg through the stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in needles. However, growth reduction occurred after 11 months' exposure to Al despite the coexistence of Ca and Mg. Growth reduction was related to Al3+ activity in solution rather than the concentration of Ca and Mg. Therefore, when considering the influence of soil acidification on Al toxicity in forest ecosystems, it is important to consider not only the potential for mitigation of Al toxicity by base cations, but also the potential for factors in the soil solution to change the chemical form of Al.
KINETICS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF ETHANOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT A 1.3 dm3 high-pressure vessel was used to extract ethanol from aqueous solution of 10 wt% using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. Experiments were carried out in a semibatch mode. A mathematical model based on the two-film theory was derived for estimating the over all mass transfer coefficient. The effects of operating variables, including pressure, CO2 superficial velocity, and agitation rate, on the mass transfer coefficient were investigated. In general, the mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing pressure, CO2 superficial velocity, and agitation rate. The concentration of ethanol recovered in the collector after 180 minutes reached 50 wt%, starting with a feed of 10 wt% ethanol. Keywords: Supercritical fluid extractionEthanolStirred tankMass transfer coefficient Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Science Council of the Republic of China.
[Chloroquine resistance and malaria control in Ivory Coast].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present here data from the Ivory Coast on the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, obtained since the first chloroquine-resistant strains were discovered in 1987. Susceptibility was assessed using the WHO 7-day field test. Almost all the tests were carried out in the capital, Adidjan, and in the southern forest zone. The frequency of chloroquine resistance was below 30% in most cases, the actual frequency differing between regions. The frequency of R3 chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum was very low. Such resistant parasites were found only on an oil-palm plantation and in the south west of the country, probably due to the free medical care available at both locations. In general, access to health care is limited. Fevers attributed to malaria are generally treated at home using plants or incomplete courses of chloroquine. Our data suggest that R3 chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains are selected by repeated high doses of chloroquine, rather than by low doses. Thus, symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated malaria and treatment at home with the "correct" medication may be more effective than systematic medication, for limiting the level of chloroquine resistance in the parasite. Pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. is present in West Africa and this may reduce the short-term effectiveness of impregnated mosquito nets. In the absence of R3 chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, self-medication at home may be a practical and realistic way to treat malaria. However, more knowledge about the effectiveness of anti-malaria drugs, their use in various social, cultural and economic environments and the geographical distribution of insecticide-resistant vectors is required before effective strategies can be designed. However, it would certainly be of value to consistently check the quality of anti-malaria drugs and to try to improve the effectiveness of self-medication at home.
Dry matter partitioning differences between shoots and roots in two contrasting genotypes of orchids and their relationship with endogenous levels of auxins, cytokinins and abscisic acid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Epiphytic orchids have been considered an interesting model for plant development and may have unusual features related to the hormonal control of shoot and root growth. In the present experiment we have studied two genotypes of Catasetum fimbriatum Lindl. (Orchidaceae) with an inverse pattern of shoot and root dry matter accumulation. Whereas the CFC1 genotype directs 60% of dry matter towards the shoot system, this same amount is directed towards the root system in the CFC4 genotype. Differences in the endogenous content of cytokinins, IAA and ABA, as well as differences in IAA conjugation and oxidation in shoots and roots were observed in the two genotypes. These differences were correlated with their dry matter partitioning patterns. Thus, the genotype that directed 60% of dry matter towards the root system showed a 20-fold higher auxin accumulation in those organs, while the one that accumulated 60% of dry matter in the shoots showed a 10-fold higher cytokinin accumulation in this plant part. Based on the well established information about auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis, conjugation, oxidation, transport, and effect on organ growth, we have presented an integrative working hypothesis to interpret the data obtained in this study. This working hypothesis may also account for the understanding of the complex relationships involving the hormonal control of the relative growth of shoots and roots in other plant models.
Vitamin D and Its Relationship with Markers of Bone Metabolism in Healthy Asian Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background In this study, we aimed to determine the normal ranges of 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D 3 (25‐OHD 3 ), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the markers of bone turnover, procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) and C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), in normal healthy women in Singapore, and to explore the relationship between vitamin D, PTH, and these markers of bone turnover in the women. Methods One hundred and ninety‐seven healthy women, aged 25 to 60, were selected from a hospital staff health screening program; 68% were Chinese, 18% Malay, and 14% Indian. P1NP, CTX, and 25‐OHD 3 were measured using the Roche Cobas® electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum PTH was measured using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur® immunoassay. Results Sixty‐five percent had 25‐OHD 3 concentrations <50 nmol/l. Vitamin D insufficiency (25‐OHD 3 < 50 nmol/l) was more prevalent in Malays (89%) and Indians (82%) compared to Chinese (56%). There was no correlation between vitamin D and age. PTH positively correlated with age, and Malays and Indians had higher PTH concentrations than Chinese. There was an inverse correlation between PTH and 25‐OHD 3 , but no threshold of 25‐OHD 3 concentrations at which PTH plateaued. The bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX inversely correlated with age but were not different between ethnic groups. CTX and P1NP exhibited good correlation, however, there was no significant correlation between 25‐OHD 3 or PTH concentrations and the bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX. Conclusions Healthy women in Singapore have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in Malays and Indians compared to Chinese.
The Structure of Parasites in Food Webs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have developed the first model of food web structure that explicitly includes parasites, an often neglected but very important component of ecosystems. Our analysis of a unique data set for a salt marsh ecosystem, a comprehensive network of the links between species representing both predation and parasitism, shows that the structure of parasitic links is not random but clustered and nested, as shown in the enclosed figure. Specifically, parasites that share one host are more likely to share other hosts. Also, a parasite's set of hosts is more likely to be a subset of those of parasites with more hosts. Lastly, a prey and its predator are more likely to be hosts to the same parasite species.
Revalidating U.S. Army soldiers’ perceptions of combat arms job tasks: Frequencies, importance and expectations of performance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: In 2013 the U.S. Army began developing physical tests to predict a recruit’s ability to perform the critical physically demanding tasks (CPDTs) of combat arms jobs not previously open to women. OBJECTIVE: To revalidate 15 CPDTs chosen by subject matter experts (SMEs) and researchers through questionnaires pertaining to task performance frequency, perceived importance, and performance expectations. METHOD: Web-administered job analysis questionnaires were completed by 2,090 soldiers. Seventy-three percent ranged between 25–38 years of age, 66%were staff sergeants or above, and 73%were in service for 7 + years. RESULTS: Overall, the nine SME-endorsed CPDTs were conducted more frequently and rated as more important than the six tasks identified by researchers. Foot march, dragging a casualty to safety, and connecting a tow bar (vehicle transport) were identified as the combined most important, most frequently performed and highly expected CPDTs to be performed. The canonical correlation between task performance frequencies and ratings of task importance across all 15 CPDTs was 0.82 (p < 0.001). Expectations of task completion were strongly associated with more frequent task performance (Cramer’s Vs ranged 0.22 to 0.71; all p’s < 0.001), but not task importance (only four CPDTs at p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study revalidates the value of CPDTs chosen by SMEs and researchers. Soldier readiness should reflect tasks identified by incumbents as important to success (e.g., evacuating a casualty) be trained more often, whereas others classified as frequently performed, but less important (e.g., filling sandbags), be deemphasized while ensuring that standards are met.
[Autonomous replication of plasmid pBR322 containing a mitochondrial DNA fragment of animal origin in the cells of bacteria mutant for DNA-polymerase I].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Escherichia coli K-12 p108(polA6), p3478(polA1) and KS55(polA12 ts) strains were transformed by recombinant DNA consisting of pBR322 plasmid and BamHI fragment A of rat liver mtDNA containing the origin. For all the strains tested, it was shown that the cells containing hybrid molecules were able to grow on the selective medium under the conditions when pBR322 replicon is not functional. The existence of mtDNA insertion in hybrid molecules was confirmed by electrophoresis and colony hybridization with the 125I-mtDNA. Thus, the ability of a vector containing plasmid replicon and the mitochondrial origin to replicate under the conditions nonpermissive for stable replication of plasmid DNA alone, was demonstrated for the first time.