jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Image Captioning and User’s Comments for Urban Tourism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image captioning as a process of assigning textual description to an image has gained momentum nowadays thanks to recent advances in deep learning related architectures and availability of associated tools. In the era of digital tourism, this offers a valuable framework to reconcile the widely available tourism images and user's generated content. This paper presents a novel approach to perform such reconciliation in a way to benefit tourism industry. Especially, IMGUR online image sharing services has been employed to construct a novel database, referred Tourism48, which contains gallery tourism images from 48 countries together with their associated user's comments. Google Cloud Vision API has been employed to perform image captioning of the underlined images, while similarity analysis has been employed to match user's comments to the obtained captioning results. The outcomes can trigger the development of subsequent policy research in tourism industry and behavior analysis. Besides, the Tourism48 dataset has been made available for research community.
Research on Effects of Cutting Vibration on Surface Appearance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A model is established with considering the vibration effect of microstructure on milling surface formation, the impact of vibration on surface profile formation is also studied, which is simulated by the approach of vibration displacement in actual measurement. The on line monitoring of cutting vibration can be realized efficiently by the above method, and it is a coincident microstructure of milling surface between simulation and actual processing. In the result, it is cutting vibration that plays an main role in microstructure of milling surface formation with the known cutting parameters.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 454 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Rubus chingii Hu" ] } The dataset includes 454 records from 36 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005922-250325103851331/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Extracorporeal circulation does not induce intra-alveolar release of Endothelin 1, but only a modest overproduction in pulmonary circulation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ECC may induce ET1 liberation in pulmonary circulation with transient pulmonary vasoconstriction, but wihout intra-alveolar release, or lung damage. Augmented concentrations of IL6 probably express a response to surgical procedure rather than an effect exclusively related to ECC.
Total Synthesis and Evaluation of iso-Duocarmycin SA and iso-Yatakemycin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The total synthesis and evaluation of iso-duocarmycin SA (5) and iso-yatakemycin (6), representing key analogues of the corresponding natural products incorporating an isomeric alkylation subunit, are detailed. This pyrrole isomer of the natural alkylation subunit displayed an enhanced reaction regioselectivity and a 2-fold diminished stability. Although still exceptionally potent, the iso-duocarmycin SA derivatives and natural product analogues exhibited a corresponding approximate 3-5-fold reduction in cytotoxic activity [L1210 IC(50) for (+)-iso-duocarmycin SA = 50 pM and for (+)-iso-yatakemycin = 15 pM] consistent with their placement on a parabolic relationship correlating activity with reactivity. The DNA alkylation selectivity of the resulting key natural product analogues was unaltered by the structure modification in spite of the minor-groove presentation of a potential H-bond donor. Additionally, a unique ortho-spirocyclization with such derivatives was explored via the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of 34 that is incapable of the more conventional para-spirocyclization. Although 34 proved sufficiently stable for isolation and characterization, it displayed little stability in protic solvents (t(1/2) = 0.19 h at pH 3, t(1/2) = 0.20 h at pH 7), a pH-independent (H(+) independent) solvolysis rate profile at pH 3/4-7, and a much reduced cytotoxic potency, but a DNA alkylation selectivity and efficiency comparable to those of duocarmycin SA and iso-duocarmycin SA. The implications of these observations on the source of the DNA alkylation selectivity and catalysis for this class of natural products are discussed.
Associations Between Body Weight, Hippocampal Volume, and Tissue Signal Intensity in 12‐ to 18‐Year‐Olds

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective The hippocampus is a key structure in feeding behaviors and weight regulation. Obesity may lead to disruptions in hippocampal structure. In animals, obesity‐related factors (e.g., high‐fat/sugar foods) are associated with hippocampal insult (e.g., alterations in the blood brain barrier). In humans, individuals with obesity, relative to healthy weight, have smaller hippocampal volumes. Few studies have examined the association between body weight and the hippocampus during adolescence, a critical brain development period. This study examined hippocampal volume and tissue signal intensity in adolescents across the weight spectrum. Methods Structural magnetic resonance imaging and anthropomorphic data were available for 102 12‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescents (53% female; 15.07 [SD 1.84] years; standardized BMI [BMI z ] scores using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts: 0.54 [SD 1.17]) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics database. Linear regression models controlling for age, sex, genetic ancestry, scanner, and household income examined the relationship between BMI z , hippocampal volume, and T2‐weighted hippocampal signal intensity. Results BMI z was negatively associated with T2‐weighted hippocampal signal intensity in the left (t = −3.05; P = 0.003; r = −0.21) and right (t = −2.50; P = 0.01; r = −0.36) hippocampi. BMI z was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume. Conclusions BMI z is associated with hippocampal tissue characteristics during adolescence, which could impact later brain development.
Role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of severity of mitral and tricuspid stenosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence, severity, and hemodynamic consequences of mitral and tricuspid stenosis can be determined by echocardiographic techniques. In mitral stenosis two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging allows definition of leaflet anatomy and dynamics, subvalvular disease, ventricular function, and involvement of other valves. Spectral and color Doppler echocardiographic techniques permit accurate measurement of transvalvular gradient, determination of functional orifice area, evaluation of associated valvular regurgitation, and assessment of pulmonary artery pressures. These approaches are of recognized clinical value, and they provide additional diagnostic information that is unavailable from clinical assessment alone in a significant number of patients. Compared with available invasive diagnostic standards of reference, echocardiographic data have been found to be comparable in accuracy. In tricuspid stenosis echocardiographic imaging and Doppler techniques provide an assessment of valve morphology and function that should be similarly useful in clinical management decisions, although rigorous comparative studies have not been performed. Currently, carefully done echocardiographic studies are a definitive means of establishing the presence and significance of mitral stenosis and tricuspid stenosis, thereby obviating the need for invasive evaluation in many patients, reducing risk, and potentially decreasing the cost of diagnostic assessment.
Developing a theoretically-informed education programme within the context of a complex implementation strategy in UK primary care: an exemplar from the IMP2ART trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self-management as RouTine (IMP2ART) is a programme developing and evaluating a strategy for implementing supported asthma self-management in UK primary care. The strategy encompasses patient-facing resources, professional education, and organisational approaches to embed supported self-management. We report the development of a theoretically-informed interprofessional education programme which aims to raise awareness and enable healthcare professionals to deliver effective supported self-management. Aligned with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Complex Intervention Framework, the multidisciplinary team developed educational content in three phases: 1) Developmental phase, identifying educational and behaviour change theory to guide development, in consultation with a professional advisory group 2) Feasibility pilot phase, testing the education using a 'think-aloud' method 3) Pre-pilot phase, delivering the education within the IMP2ART strategy. The developmental phase identified educational and behaviour change theory, and the need to provide two education modules: 1) a team module to raise awareness of supported self-management for the whole team, 2) an individual study module for those who conduct asthma reviews with patients. The feasibility pilot highlighted content and design features in need of refinement, and the pre-pilot identified changes to the delivery strategy for the education modules. A multi-stage development process, aligned with the MRC Framework contributed to the module design. There were important benefits of working together as an education/research team.
A channel reservation procedure for fading channels in wireless local area networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs) are one of the most popular mediums for interconnecting portable devices. All the devices (stations) communicating over WLANs share a common wireless channel. In order to avoid potential collisions an RTS-CTS handshake procedure is used to acquire the channel. However, most of the existing channel reservation protocols in WLANs view the wireless channel capacity as time invariant for each station and thus assign radio resources accordingly. This results in poor channel utilization particularly when channel gets assigned to stations that are in deep fading. In this paper, we devise a novel handshake-based channel-aware (HCA) media access control (MAC) protocol that assigns channel according to its fading status observed by each station and thus improves channel utilization. We give theoretical analysis of the overhead due to handshake procedure and prove that the expected value of handshake overhead is bounded as the number of stations in the system increases. Our analysis and simulation results show that the proposed protocol can ameliorate the contention among multiple users as well as reduce the packet loss due to channel fading. For example, in a system consisting of 16 stations when the average probability of channel being "healthy" is 0.5, the proposed handshake procedure reduces the packet-error rate (PER) to 8%, which satisfies the minimum requirement of IEEE 802.11-based protocols. However, this is without utilizing additional power. Under the same channel conditions any standard implementation of DCF would result in a packet error of 50% and would have to significantly increase the power level to achieve PER above 8%. The improvement in channel utilization due to the proposed protocol ranges from 11% to 460% depending upon channel conditions and traffic load.
Evolution and level behavior of adhesion force by repeated contacts of an AFM colloid probe in dry environment

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Adhesion forces between a colloid probe and some samples were consecutively measured at a single location with an atomic force microscope (AFM) in a dry environment. The outcomes show that the adhesion force depends considerably on material, contact history, and number and distribution of asperities within the contact zone. Generally, there are four different stages for the adhesion force with increasing measurement number: random behavior for the first several or tens of contacts, then increasing monotonically, later remaining stable, and finally decreasing. Usually, the measured data points are grouped into several levels. Moreover, the adhesion force jumps frequently between different levels and is more inclined to jump to a neighboring level. The level behavior was attributed to the fact that the real contact region is not exactly the same between successive measurements. The differences in the adhesion force between two neighboring levels are almost the same for one location. The adhesion force in some levels usually increases or decreases discontinuously after jumping to other levels and then jumping back. The magnitude and fluctuations of the adhesion force and the number of levels depend on the number and distribution of asperities in the contact zone.
Determinants of Bank selection : A study of undergraduate students in the University of Ghana

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The aim of this study is twofold: first, to investigate bank selection criteria among undergraduate students in the University of Ghana, and second, to relate this study with previous findings on the same phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach: Extant studies have adopted mainly quantitative approach. In order to bridge this gap and contribute to existing knowledge, qualitatively inspired research design was adopted, thus facilitating in-depth understanding of the determinants of bank selection. Findings: findings show that convenience, bank staff-customer relations and banking services/financial benefits are the first three most important determining factors. Furthermore, happiness, joyfulness, cheerfulness and delight are feelings derived after a banking service; whiles sadness, anger and deceit are avoided. Originality/value: studies on the bank selection criteria employed by undergraduates are scanty in West Africa, and this study makes a contribution in that direction. Future studies will continue from this one.
Risk Factors of Malnutrition among under Five Children Admitted in Kanti Children’s Hospital in Nepal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background World Health Organization (WHO) stated that malnutrition is a major global health and social problem from which many people are suffering, particularly children. Poor feeding and care practices, insufficient nutrient intake, high rate of infection and teenage pregnancy are the immediate causes of chronic malnutrition. Objective To identify the risk factors for malnutrition among under five children. Method A case control study was carried out among the mothers having under-5 years’ children who were admitted in the Kanti Children’s Hospital of Nepal from 1st August 2019 to 7th September 2020. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 children with malnutrition and 100 children without malnutrition matched on age, sex and setting. A structured interview was used to collect data from mothers of both cases and controls. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Result Present study reveals that 58% girl got marriage before 20 years. After confounders adjusted, mother’s age ≥ 20 years at marriage (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 0.98-7.63. p=0.05), and mother’s age ≥ 20 years at child birth (OR: 7.74, 95% CI: 2.37-25.27. p=0.001), were significantly associated with having malnutrition among under five children. Similarly, accessibility of health facility (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1-10.94. p=0.05), fathers who completed master in education (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.88. p=0.04), children who lived in joint family (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.86. p=0.03), child < 2.5 kg at birth (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.62. p=0.01), and second and third or above in order (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-1.04. p=0.05) had significantly less chance of having malnutrition. Children’s whose birth interval was 2-3 years were significantly (OR: 9.74, 95% CI: 1.16-82.23. p=0.04) associated with the occurrence of malnutrition. Children who had suffered from multiple co-morbidities in last one year were (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 0.48-43.03. p=0.18) more chance of having malnutrition. Likewise, the mothers who feed colostrum to their child had (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 0.52- 9.26. p=0.29) almost two-fold less chance of having malnutrition. Mothers who had done exclusive breast feeding ≥ 4 months had (OR: 40.55, 95% CI: 3.35-1.490.92. p=0.008) significantly associated with having malnutrition. Conclusion Low education status of father, living in single family, exclusive breast feeding ≥ 4 months, lack of balance diet were significant risk factors of malnutrition. Based on finding, reliable longitudinal studies, interventions and program to educate parent for prevention of malnutrition are necessary in future.
A Nano‐Imaging Study of Graphene Edge Plasmons with Chirality‐Dependent Dispersions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Graphene plasmons (GPs) have a variety of potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics, such as room temperature mid‐infrared photodetectors, sensors, and modulators, due to their ultrahigh electromagnetic field confinements. In particular, the GPs at the edges of a monolayer graphene have been demonstrated to exhibit superior electromagnetic field confinements compared to the sheet plasmons. The graphene is terminated by two types of edges with different chiralities, that is, zigzag or armchair edge. Here, study of the plasmon modes at these two edges and their dispersions, is reported. The authors manage to visualize these two edges using a nano‐imaging technique, and show that edge plasmon behaviors are strongly dependent on chirality. The plasmon dispersions of these two edges can be modified upon chemical doping. Due to the stronger molecule absorption ability of the zigzag edge, the associated plasmons exhibit a broader tuning range.
Evaluation criteria of the severity degree of sympathetic uveitis course depending on clinical evidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prognosis of development and outcomes of sympathetic ophthalmia depend on many factors including adequate treatment and period of treatment. Absence of treatment or inadequate treatment result in vision loss and disability. 9 cases of sympathetic uveitis after penetrating eyeball trauma were analyzed for the 12-year period. Evaluation criteria of sympathetic ophthalmia severity according to periods of the disease course are suggested. This allowed systematizing and classifying treatment approaches.
Additional file 11 of Multi-omics integration identifies key upstream regulators of pathomechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to truncating MYBPC3 mutations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 11: Table S3 (A) Differentially expressed genes between HCM and control hearts from the RNA-seq data. (B) Enriched GO terms and pathways by up-regulated genes in HCM versus control hearts. (C) Enriched GO terms and pathways by down-regulated genes in HCM versus control hearts
Production and Functional Evaluation of a Protein Concentrate from Giant Squid (D osidicus gigas) Fins Obtained by Alkaline Dissolution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two protein concentrates from jumbo squid fins (Dosidicus gigas) were elaborated. One of them was obtained via alkaline dissolution and subsequent isoelectric precipitation (alkaline protein concentrate [APC]) and the other was obtained via the traditional method (neutral protein concentrate [NCP]). The electrophoretic profile of the APC showed that the myosin heavy chain band disappeared, mainly due to the denaturation induced by alkaline solubilization or activation of alkaline protease. Concerning the quality of the gels, the folding test showed that gels obtained using APC were better than those obtained using NPC, but a texture profile analysis detected fracture in the APC gels. Regarding the interfacial properties, low emulsifying capacity was observed for both protein concentrates, and the APC was better than the NPC. Additionally, the foaming properties were excellent for both concentrates and were significantly better for APC. Therefore, the alkaline solubilization process for fin squid was suitable for the production of functional protein concentrates. Practical Applications One of the challenges of the fishing industry is to achieve an integral use of fishing resources. Jumbo squid is an abundant resource in Northwest Mexico and its by-products generate a great of waste, which are an environmental problem. Viscera, heads and fins are the main waste of jumbo squid. Fins are about 10% of the total animal; therefore, their exploitation is a good option for this industry. Hence, this study compares and evaluates the functional properties of the protein concentrates obtained from squid fins via alkaline dissolution and subsequent isoelectric precipitation and the conventional methodology (water washing muscle) to determine the most feasible method of obtaining protein concentrates from squid fins.
Fast organic electronic circuits based on ambipolar pentacene field-effect transistors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Inverter circuits and ring oscillators have been prepared based on the organic semiconductor pentacene. High-purity pentacene single crystals and thin films exhibit ambipolar transport properties, i.e., n- and p-channel transistor activity. This feature is very attractive for complementary logic electronic circuits, since only one organic material has to be used. Switching frequencies up to 11 MHz have been achieved for single crystal circuits. Thin film devices prepared on flexible polyimide substrates revealed delays of 0.1 μs per stage resulting in oscillation frequencies up to 900 kHz. At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted effective 24 February 2003.