jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and neuropharmacological effects of Atropa belladonna.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was carried out to investigate, in vivo, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and neuro-pharmacological activities of the methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna. The analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid induced writhing inhibition test. The neuro-pharmacological activities were evaluated by open field, rearing test, cage cross, swim test, head dip and traction tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by formalin induce inflammation on hind paw. The extract showed highly significant (p<0.001) analgesic activity with % inhibitions of writhing response at doses 100 and 300mg/kg body weight were 28.5% and 57.1%, respectively. The extract at both doses showed significant (p<0.05) sedative effect in-cage cross test and highly significance value (p<0.001) in high dose. In-open field test, the extract showed significant (P<0.05) anxiolytic activity at higher dose whereas in rearing test activity shows significant p-value at both doses. The extract also showed significant value for anti-inflammatory activity. The findings of the study clearly indicated the presence of significant analgesic, neuro-pharmacological and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, which demands further investigation including, compounds isolation.
A JAK2-V617F activating mutation in addition to KIT and FLT3 mutations is associated with clinical outcome in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

for commenting on our recently published paper including 605 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). 1 We provided evidence that progression to myelofibrosis (post-ET MF) has a prevalence of 2.8% (10-year risk of 3.9%), and that progression to acute leukemia (AL) has a prevalence of 2.3% (10-year risk of 2.6%).The first question of Thiele and Kvasnicka concerns the evolution of ET in post-ET MF and AL.They asked that the prevalence of post-ET MF and AL in patients diagnosed according to the PVSG criteria 2 and with the WHO criteria, 3 be evaluated separately.The analysis suggested would be strongly biased by the fact that PVSG-classified patients have longer follow-up than WHO-classified patients.In the paper, we mentioned that the longer the follow-up, the higher the risk of transformation into myelofibrosis or leukemia.We regret that their request could not be satisfied, but a direct comparison of these two cohorts with different follow-up may give a misleading message.The second question from Thiele and Kvasnicka concerns the diagnostic differentiation between ET and prefibrotic/early fibrotic phase of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), an entity recognized on the basis of bone marrow features by the WHO classification of 2001. 4 However, the recent WHO classification requires the combination of histological picture, clonal markers and clinical parameters to diagnose PMF at prefibrotic or fibrotic phase. 3 In our series we excluded cases of PMF (excluded combination of leukoerythroblastosis, anemia, elevated LDH, spleen enlargement).Concerning the discussion on sequential bone marrow evaluations, we perform bone marrow biopsy at diagnosis in all the patients and during follow-up when we suspect clinical progression of the disease.We are glad to know that the prevalence of myelofibrosis reported by Thiele and Kvasnicka ranges between 2.8% and 3.5%.We find that this is a reassuringly low prevalence for patients with ET.
Moving Towards a New Stage in Ecumenism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his recent work, Reshaping Ecumenical Theology, Paul Avis has argued the ecumenical movement is ripe for reform and renewal. There are other voices too across all the traditions that have expressed similar views. A hundred years on from the Edinburgh 1910 Conference, such a renewal is probably timely! the Holy Spirit, the great protagonist of the Ecumenical Movement, is always going to nudge us on a little. In this article I want to offer a simple reflection on aspects of a new stage in ecumenism.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The issues of epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenetic mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during pregnancy are considered in the review. The impact of liver steatosis and obesity on the course and outcome of pregnancy, the perinatal state of the mother and fetus are described. Fluctuations in the hormonal spectrum, an increase in body weight, which can affect the development and progression of liver steatosis, occur during pregnancy. Women of reproductive age with metabolic syndrome, obesity require a thorough examination and, if it is necessary, optimization of metabolic health before planning pregnancy. Pregnant women with liver pathology need dynamic control and prevention of disease progression and associated obstetric complications.
UK Fixation of Distal Tibia Fractures (UK FixDT): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of ‘locking’ plate fixation versus intramedullary nail fixation in the treatment of adult patients with a displaced fracture of the distal tibia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The treatment of displaced, extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia remains controversial. These injuries are difficult to manage due to limited soft tissue cover, poor vascularity of the area and proximity to the ankle joint. Surgical treatment options are expanding and include locked intramedullary nails, plate and screw fixation and external fixator systems. The nail and plate options are most commonly used in the UK, but controversy exists over which treatment is most clinically and cost-effective. In this multicentre randomised controlled trial we aim to assess ratings of disability 6 months postinjury in patients who have sustained a distal tibia fracture treated with either an intramedullary nail or plate and locking screw fixation. Methods and analysis Adult patients presenting at trial centres with an acute fracture of the distal tibia will be considered for inclusion. A total of 320 patients will provide 90% power to detect a difference of 8 points in Disability Rating Index (DRI) score at 6 months at the 5% level. The randomisation sequence is stratified by trial centre and age, and administered via web-based service with 1:1 treatment allocation. Baseline demographic and pre-injury functional data and radiographs will be collected using the DRI, Olerud and Molander, and EuroQol EQ-5D questionnaire. Clinical assessment, early complications and radiographs will be recorded at 6–8 weeks. Functional outcome, health-related quality of life and resource use will be collected at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The main analysis will investigate differences in DRI 6 months postsurgery, between the two treatment groups, on an intention-to-treat basis. Tests will be two-sided and considered to provide evidence for a significant difference if p values are <0.05. Ethics and dissemination NRES Committee West-Midlands, 6/11/2012 (ref:12/WM/0340). The results of the trial will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences. Trial registration number ISRCTN99771224.
DIGDIS: Stata module to analyze the distribution of digits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

digdis tabulates the distribution of digits of the specified variables, performs goodness-of-fit tests against a reference distribution and, optionally, graphs the distributions. The default is to tabulate the first (nonzero) digit and to test against Benford's law. The moremata package and the mgof package, also available from SSC, are required.
Research on the Effect of Carbonate Reservoir Pore Structure on Oil Displacement Efficiency

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of pore structure have an important influence on the water flooding development.In order to improve the recovery rate, it is important to have a research on the relationship between pore structure and oil displacement efficiency.The permeability of the artificial cores in this experiment is 189× 10 -3 μm 2 , 741× 10 -3 μm 2 and 21417× 10 -3 μm 2 .We used the CT technology method to scan the pore structure of the three cores, and did oil displacement experiment to research the effect of pore structure on the oil displacement efficiency.The result shows that the pore and throat common affect oil displacement efficiency: the bigger pore and throat radius is, the better effect of water flooding and polymer flooding is; the smaller pore and throat radius is, the worse effect of water flooding and polymer flooding is.The experiment has studied the influence of pore structure on oil displacement efficiency deep into microcosmic without damaging the core skeleton, improved the basis of oil recovery from the micro and the mechanism.
POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PREVIOUS TYPE 2 INFECTION AGAINST PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS DUE TO TYPE 1 VIRUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PREVIOUS TYPE 2 INFECTION AGAINST PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS DUE TO TYPE 1 VIRUS Get access WILLIAM McD. HAMMON, WILLIAM McD. HAMMON From the Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ERNEST H. LUDWIG ERNEST H. LUDWIG From the Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 66, Issue 3, November 1957, Pages 274–280, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119900 Published: 01 November 1957 Article history Received: 10 June 1957 Published: 01 November 1957
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOTAL PENERIMAAN PAJAK NEGARA DAN EFEKTIFITAS PERATURAN PERPAJAKAN

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze and gain empirical evidences on factors which influence both state taxes revenues and the efectivity of tax provisions to increase state revenues from tax sector. This research uses components on GDP, which are both from production sides and sides from expenditures. To measure the effectivity of tax provision, this analysis will uses total revenues of each tax.
Does new health information affect health behaviour? The effect of health events on smoking cessation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article empirically assesses the role of new health information in the decision to quit smoking. Using individual level data from the Swiss Household Panel, health information is proxied by three different types of health events: physical health problems, mental disorders, and accidents. Exploiting retrospectively reported information on smoking behaviour, smoking cessation is modelled using a discrete time hazard model that also accounts for estimation problems arising from almost quasi-complete separation in the data. The empirical results yield robust evidence that general health problems increase the probability of instantaneous smoking cessation. Differentiating between the type of health event reveals that the overall effect is mainly driven by physical health events.
An Unusual Case with Unilateral Epithelial Basement Membrane Detachment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To present a case with unusual epithelial basement membrane detachment.Methods: A 29-year-old female presented with blurred-vision and pain in left-eye for 2 months. Slit-lamp showed almost total bullous epithelial detachment with subepithelial fluid, and intraocular pressure rise. Recurrences were observed, despite repeated epithelial debridement and topical medication.Results: Decrease in corneal endothelial cell density and changes resembling cytomegalovirus (CMV) keratitis were noted on specular microscopy. PCR for CMV came negative; however, we had success with topical gancyclovir and steroids, in addition to topical antiglaucomatous agents and artificial tears. During the following 12 months, no recurrence was observed.Conclusion: According to her clinic and response to medication, we believe that this case represents an atypical form of CMV endotheliitis.
Laser Optogalvanic Monitoring of SiH in a Chemical Vapor Deposition Glow Discharge

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A demountable hollow cathode discharge cell that is useful for studies of plasmas relevant to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was assembled and demonstrated. Direct current glow discharge decomposition of 10% silane in helium in this cell at 20 Torr produced silicon-containing cathodic thin films that were subsequently examined with the use of Raman and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. A pulsed dye laser-excited optogalvanic detection technique was used to monitor the presence of a transient molecular intermediate—silicon hydride—in this decomposition plasma. An optogalvanic spectrum of the SiH A 2 δ -X 2 τ transition near 420 nm is presented. This electronic absorption technique complements other spectroscopic methods for mechanistic studies and optimization of glow discharge CVD plasmas that are currently used for the commercial preparation of technologically important thin film materials such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon. It will be particularly useful for detection of nonluminescent plasma intermediates.
The role and value of independent directors in modern Australian corporate governance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

[Extract] The role of the independent director in the governance of public companies has been highlighted as a result of the recent collapse of a number of well-known companies. What role can the independent director reasonably expect to play within the company structure to prevent the likelihood of further corporate failures taking place? This article describes what can be reasonably expected of independent directors and identifies those areas that companies need to address to ensure that they employ suitable independent directors and utilise their skills appropriately.
Local Loss Optimization in the Infinite Width: Stable Parameterization of Predictive Coding Networks and Target Propagation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Local learning, which trains a network through layer-wise local targets and losses, has been studied as an alternative to backpropagation (BP) in neural computation. However, its algorithms often become more complex or require additional hyperparameters because of the locality, making it challenging to identify desirable settings in which the algorithm progresses in a stable manner. To provide theoretical and quantitative insights, we introduce the maximal update parameterization ($μ$P) in the infinite-width limit for two representative designs of local targets: predictive coding (PC) and target propagation (TP). We verified that $μ$P enables hyperparameter transfer across models of different widths. Furthermore, our analysis revealed unique and intriguing properties of $μ$P that are not present in conventional BP. By analyzing deep linear networks, we found that PC's gradients interpolate between first-order and Gauss-Newton-like gradients, depending on the parameterization. We demonstrate that, in specific standard settings, PC in the infinite-width limit behaves more similarly to the first-order gradient. For TP, even with the standard scaling of the last layer, which differs from classical $μ$P, its local loss optimization favors the feature learning regime over the kernel regime.
A test device used to measure the leakage dissolution characteristic of diaphragm wall

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research paper, a test device that measures the leakage dissolution characteristic of diaphragm wall is introduced. The article mainly describes the thought of development, the basic principle, the structure, and the test result of the device that shows the test device is reliable using the testing examples of measuring the leakage dissolution characteristic of diaphragm wall.
Analysis of Multi-dimensional factors sensitive to comprehensive utilization of power distribution equipment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering the contradiction between high loading and long life, and the diversity of influencing factors, the decision making of improving utilization of distribution equipment is a complicated non-mechanism modeling problem. To make the measures on utilization improvement of distribution equipment more effectively and efficiently, a data-based analysis method of multi-dimensional factors sensitive to comprehensive utilization is proposed. Firstly, a multi-dimensional grid-load-management index system of influencing factors is constructed. Secondly, based on the concepts of capacity factor and lifecycle management, the comprehensive utilization index considering utilization of in-service equipment and retired equipment in a certain assessing period is defined, and calculated by entropy weight method. And then multiple linear regression algorithm is used to analyze the sensitivity of various influencing factors, and then conducts multilevel benchmarking evaluation is performed to screen the key influencing factors. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by actual system case, which provides technical support for precise strategy making of comprehensive utilization improvement for distribution system.
Positive Law vs. Good Intentions: The Legality of the Comcast-Time Warner Cable Merger

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2014, a merger proposal was submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice by Comcast Corporation and Time Warner Cable. The proposed merger has incited popular opposition due to concerns that it would lead to the applicants’ monopolistic control over the internet distribution market. Consequently, appeals have been made in favor of enforcement of antitrust laws in this case. While it may be symptomatic of a need for the laws to change, there is currently no legal foundation for the opposition, and it would be fully legal for the Department of Justice to support the merger. In any case, either verdict will lead to a profound legal precedent.
THE CRITERIA OF INTERIM THERAPY CHANGE FOR PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA: INTERIM ΔSPD LESS THAN 80% VS. 50%

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Interim response assessment is performed to identify patients whose disease has not responded to or has progressed on induction therapy. The Lugano Response Criteria has been widely used for response assessment for DLBCL. Patients with interim reduction percentage of the sum of the products of the greatest perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions (iΔSPD) between baseline and interim contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) less than 50% are regarded as non-sensitive to induction therapy and may benefit from a therapy change. However, there is no consensus on the criteria for early therapy change during interim response assessment yet. Here we compared the prognostic value of three iΔSPD cut-off values: 50%, 80% and 100%. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-five newly-diagnosed DLBCL patients with baseline and interim CECT available were enrolled in the retrospective study. Results: The optimal cut-off value of iΔSPD calculated by X-tile was 80%, which yielded the highest difference in OS. The iΔSPD=100% group had significantly superior PFS than 80%≤iΔSPD<100% group (P=0.009), while OS only showed a trend of statistical significance (P=0.07) (Figure 1). A trend for statistical significance (P=0.089) for OS was observed in 50%≤iΔSPD<80% group compared with iΔSPD<50% group while no statistical significance (P=0.247) for PFS were observed between them. The 50%≤iΔSPD<80% group had significantly inferior PFS and OS than 80%≤iΔSPD<100% group (both P<0.001). Compared with 50% and 100%, 80% had the intermediate sensitivity and specificity (57.75% and 86.69% for OS, 48.98% and 92.22% for PFS, respectively), but the maximal Youden Index (0.4744 for OS, 0.4120 for PFS, respectively) (Table) and the maximal areas under the curve (0.737 [0.680, 0.789] for OS). PPV and NPV of 80% cut-off value were 78.69% and 75.49% for PFS, respectively, while 67.21% and 85.29% for OS, respectively. If the status of PFS and OS were considered as “gold standard”, 80% was the only cut-off value consistent with PFS (kappa=0.447) and OS (kappa=0.497) status. Cox regression analysis also revealed that iΔSPD<80% could independently predict an inferior OS and PFS (both P<0.001) while neither iΔSPD<50% nor iΔSPD=100% could. Keywords: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); positron emission tomography (PET).
An EOQ model for the circularity of food waste to lessen greenhouse gas emission

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Environmental protection initiatives are increasingly focusing on converting food and organic waste into renewable energy. In India, anaerobic digestion processes food waste and agricultural by-products into biogas, offering an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels for cooking, heating, and electricity. This approach aligns with the principles of a circular economy by minimizing resource waste, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable resource management, all of which contribute to a more resilient and efficient food system. This study explores an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model that incorporates the circularity of food waste. The EOQ model improves food waste systems by efficiently minimizing costs and lowering environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions. The goal is to reduce waste, reduce emissions, and reduce ordering costs while maximizing profits. The degree of circularity in products influences consumer demand and unit profits, as consumers are increasingly aware of their environmental impact. In addition, we analyze how changes in system parameters affect optimal strategies, providing valuable insights for industry managers. This research helps determine the optimal product circularity index, thus minimizing food waste, increasing profits, and reducing environmental harm. We illustrate the performance of the integrated system using sensitivity analysis and visual tools, complemented by non-linear approaches to assess strategic impact.
MONITORING OF RECENT LAND SUBSIDENCE AND GROUND FISSURES IN XIAN WITH SAR INTERFEROMETRY

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

has been experiencing significant land subsidence and ground fissure activities since 1960s that have brought various severe geohazards including damages to buildings, bridges and other facilities. Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissure activities can provide useful information for assessing the extent of, and mitigating such geohazards. We study the land subsidence and ground fissure activities during 1992- 2006 using ERS and Envisat SAR data. Three main land subsidence stages in
Characterising regional ultrastructure in peripheral nerves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripheral nerve repair is often compromised by a failure to restore the biomechanical integrity of damaged nerves. Restoration of the tensile properties of nerves, in particular their ability to bend and stretch during limb movement, is an important consideration in the design of tissue engineered repair conduits and other repair approaches. An understanding of the mechanical architecture of peripheral nerves that underpins their tensile properties is therefore desirable. Previous research has identified that the stiffness of rat peripheral nerves varies longitudinally according to where they traverse joints. This study explores how ultrastructural features such as the size-distribution of collagen fibrils and the thickness of the perineurium vary in specific regions of rat sciatic nerves.