jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flowcytometric analysis of bone marrow cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have reported that the presence of a specific type of myeloid cell was found in the epiphyseal bone marrow of affected joints from patients with active severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) .In the bone marrow of 38 patients with RA involving three kinds of disease subset 10 least erosive (LES), 18 more erosive (MES), 10 mutilating disease (MUD), the absolute number of iliac pan-myelocytes (CD15+CD16-cells) was 288/mm3, 528/mm3and 801/mm3 (median), respectively. These values were significantly increased as compared with 7 healthy subjects in whom CD15+CD16-cells were 153/mm3 (P<0.01 for MES and MUD) but LES was not. And there was a marked correlation (γs=0.476 P < 0.05) between percentage of CD15+CD16-cells in the affected tibial bone marrow and iliac bone marrow of RA. Furthermore, a higher percentage of iliac CD8-positive T-lymphocytes expressed HLA-DR (30.5%) from patients with RA than did those from normal subjects (14.4%) .This novel findings of coordinate elevated levels of myelocytes and activated T-lymphocytes in bone marrow of RA suggests an immunological imbalance that may have implication in the disease.
Identification of a Kinetically Significant Anion Binding (KISAB) Site in the N-Lobe of Human Serum Transferrin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human serum transferrin (hTF) binds two ferric iron ions which are delivered to cells in a transferrin receptor (TFR) mediated process. Critical to the delivery of iron to cells is the binding of hTF to the TFR and the efficient release of iron orchestrated by the interaction. Within the endosome, iron release from hTF is also aided by lower pH, the presence of anions, and a chelator yet to be identified. We have recently shown that three of the four residues comprising a loop in the N-lobe (Pro142, Lys144, and Pro145) are critical to the high-affinity interaction of hTF with the TFR. In contrast, Arg143 in this loop does not participate in the binding isotherm. In the current study, the kinetics of iron release from alanine mutants of each of these four residues (placed into both diferric and monoferric N-lobe backgrounds) have been determined +/- the TFR. The R143A mutation greatly retards the rate of iron release from the N-lobe in the absence of the TFR but has considerably less of an effect in its presence. Our data definitively show that Arg143 serves as a kinetically significant anion binding (KISAB) site that is, by definition, sensitive to salt concentration and critical to the conformational change necessary to induce iron release from the N-lobe of hTF (in the absence of the TFR). This is the first identification of an authentic KISAB site in the N-lobe of hTF. The effect of the single R143A mutation on the kinetic profile of iron release provides a dramatic illustration of the dynamic nature of hTF.
D–A Conjugated Polymer/CdS S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Owing to the improved charge separation and maximized redox capability of the system, Step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunctions have garnered significant research attention for efficient photocatalysis of H 2 evolution. In this work, an innovative linear donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymer fluorene‐alt‐(benzo‐thiophene‐dione) (PFBTD) is coupled with the CdS nanosheets, forming the organic–inorganic S‐scheme heterojunction. The CdS/PFBTD (CP) composite exhibits an impressed hydrogen production rate of 7.62 mmol g −1 h −1 without any co‐catalysts, which is ≈14 times higher than pristine CdS. It is revealed that the outstanding photocatalytic performance is attributed to the formation of rapid electron transfer channels through the interfacial Cd─O bonding as evidenced by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The charge transfer mechanism involved in S‐scheme heterojunctions is further investigated through the photo‐irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) analysis. This work provides a new point of view on the mechanism of interfacial charge transfer and points out the direction of designing superior organic–inorganic S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.
Decision Making in the Arrow of Time

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that the steady-state entropy production rate of a stochastic process is inversely proportional to the minimal time needed to decide on the direction of the arrow of time. Here we apply Wald's sequential probability ratio test to optimally decide on the direction of time's arrow in stationary Markov processes. Furthermore the steady state entropy production rate can be estimated using mean first-passage times of suitable physical variables. We derive a first-passage time fluctuation theorem which implies that the decision time distributions for correct and wrong decisions are equal. Our results are illustrated by numerical simulations of two simple examples of nonequilibrium processes.
Pesticides in Ethiopian agriculture: a researcher's view

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ethiopia's annual pesticide purchases amount to more than 3,000 metric tones, valued at nearly US$ 20 million. Insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides and others constitute roughly 71, 25, 3 and 1 percent, respectively, The state sector is the main user of pesticides in this country. The bulk of pesticide use in the smallholder private sector is accounted for by insecticides used against the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) and locusts (Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria) averaging about 124 and 79 metric tons, respectively, during outbreak or plague years. The lack of pesticide regulation until recent years has resulted in the importation and use of some pesticides that are either banned, restricted or not registered in other countries. Also, it was not uncommon in Ethiopia for pesticides that have not been tested at all to be recommended against certain pests. Research on pesticide use in Ethiopia focused on screening of conventional synthetic pesticides; little or no information is available on non-conventional pesticides such as biopesticides and growth regulators. No work has ever been done on environmental impacts of pesticides. Economic and environmental concerns associated with pesticides make it unsustainable for pesticide use in smallholder agriculture and therefore pest management in food crop production systems in Ethiopia will rely on an IPM approach that will maximize cultural practices, natural biological control, and use of host plant resistance. It is suggested that future pesticide research should focus on the development of alternatives to conventional pesticides (such as botanicals and microbial control agents). Conventional pesticides may constitute an important component of IPM in commercial agriculture and high value crops; research here should give attention to pesticides that are compatible with IPM programs.
Antimicrobial Gene Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Escherichia coli from Human Clinical Isolates in North India

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an extensive public health problem due to the rapid increase in the population of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Escherichia coli, a common bacterial pathogen, has demonstrated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through the formation of beta- lactamase enzymes. Understanding the genetic diversity and co-carriages of β-lactamase genes in E. coli is essential for developing effective strategies to combat AMR. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization of beta-lactamase E. coli isolates collected from clinical in the northern Indian region. To find and categorize beta-lactamase genes, 210 E. coli isolates were submitted for phenotypic and genotypic investigation. Different beta-lactamase gene variations were detected using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They were further characterized on the basis of antimicrobial gene profile. The present study findings revealed a diverse range of beta-lactamase gene variants in the E. coli isolates, including SHV, TEM, and CTX-M types. Importantly, we seen a greatexistence of extended-spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL)-making the strains of E. coli, indicating the growing concern of ESBL-mediated resistance in the region.Antimicrobial gene profile revealed tetA present in 53.22% of isolates whereas tetBis present in 32.24% isolates Similarly Sul1 and Sul2 is present in 8.1% and 16.52% respectively.None of the isolates showed the presence of Dfrlaand AadA genes. This research provides valuable awareness of the molecular epidemiology of beta-lactamase gene variants in E. coli in the northern Indian part, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the genetic diversity and mechanisms of resistance is crucial for the development of effective antibiotic stewardship programs and the design of novel therapeutic approaches to combat AMR in this region.
Partitioning Behavior of Alkan-1-ols between Milkfat and Aqueous Phases As Influenced by Temperature

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Partitioning of volatile compounds between lipid and aqueous phases may influence flavor perception and availability to participate in flavor-generating reactions. The objective of this research was to characterize the partitioning of short-chain alkan-1-ols between milkfat and aqueous phases, as influenced by temperature, as compared to an octan-1-ol/water biphasic system (Log P). Temperature has a positive, but nonlinear, influence on Log P values for alkan-1-ols. There is an approximately 1 log decrease in Log P values of milkfat/water as compared to octan-1-ol/water systems; similar trends were observed across chain length. Temperature has a greater effect on alkan-1-ol partitioning in milkfat/water systems than octan-1-ol/water. The latter observation is primarily attributed to the solidification of milkfat at temperatures below 40 degrees C and the resulting reduction in liquid lipid solvent volume.
A Combined approach of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The spectra were provided as unprocessed raw data in the manufacturers data format (Bruker), as labelled two zip archives with SARS CoV 2 positives and negative, according to the reviewer's recommendation. This information belongs to the publication (in review in Journal of Virological Methods) "A Combined approach of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs" All the information belongs to the National Reference Institute, INEI-ANLIS DR CARLOS G MALBRAN, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA.
Characterization of p53 family homologs in evolutionary remote branches of Holozoa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary materials to article: Characterization of p53 family homologs in evolutionary remote branches of Holozoa The p53 family of transcription factors plays key roles in development, genome stability, senescence and tumor development, and p53 is the most important tumor suppressor protein in humans. Although intensively investigated for many years, its initial evolutionary history is not yet fully elucidated. Using bioinformatic and structure prediction methods on current databases containing newly-sequenced genomes and transcriptomes, we present a detailed characterization of p53 family homologs in remote members of the Holozoa group, in the unicellular clades Filasterea, Ichthyosporea and Corallochytrea. Moreover, we show that these newly characterized homologous sequences contain domains that can form structures with high similarity to the human p53 family DNA-binding domain, and some also show similarities to the oligomerization and SAM domains. The presence of these remote homologs demonstrates an ancient origin of the p53 protein family.
Engineering of IgE-targeting antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Die Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet des Antikörper-Engineering haben zu einer neuen Ära der Patientenversorgung beigetragen, die Anpassung von Antikörpern an spezifische Krankheiten und individuelle Bedürfnisse ermöglicht. Dieser Fortschritt hat den Einsatz herkömmlicher Antikörpertherapeutika verändert und die Möglichkeit zu deren Re-Engineering geöffnet. Neuartige Methoden bieten das Potenzial, zusätzliche Funktionalitäten einzuführen, die Wirksamkeit zu verbessern, Nebenwirkungen zu minimieren und die Indikationsbereiche über die Onkologie hinaus zu erweitern.In dieser Arbeit wurden moderne Antikörper-Engineering-Methoden für die Entwicklung von Anti-Membran-IgE-Wirkstoffen untersucht.In der ersten Phase untersuchten wir das Potenzial von bispezifischen T-Zell-Engagern (BiTEs) gegen IgE-positive B-Zellen. Wir produzierten IgE-Fc-spezifische Antikörper, die gegen verschiedene Epitope auf membrangebundenem IgE gerichtet und mit einem Anti-CD3ε Antikörper fusioniert sind. Diese Kandidaten wurden auf ihre Erkennung von membrangebundenem IgE-Fc, die Bindung an CD3-positive Zellen und spezifische Aktivierung nicht stimulierter CD8-positiver T-Zellen getestet.Der zweite Teil der Studie konzentrierte sich auf die präzise Ausrichtung der extrazellulären membranständigen Domäne (EMPD) von IgE, um IgE-positive B-Zellen selektiv abzubauen und gleichzeitig die Bindung an lösliches IgE zu vermeiden. Hierfür entwickelten wir ein Antikörper-Toxin-Konjugat (ADC), indem wir den Antikörper 15cl12 ortsspezifisch mit dem MMAE-Toxin konjugierten. Dieses ADC zeigte spezifische Bindung an die Zielzellen, wurde schnell internalisiert und wies eine starke Zytotoxizität in Fcε-positiven Zellen, insbesondere bei Bildung multivalenter Komplexe, auf.Diese ADCs haben das Potenzial, zu Serum IgE senkenden Therapeutika weiterentwickelt zu werden, die die Zahl der IgE-positiven Zellen reduzieren, was bei Erkrankungen wie Allergien und IgE-Myelomen von entscheidender Bedeutung sein kann.
Enhanced oxidation of antibiotic residuals (Levofloxacin) using a green composite of ZnO@polyaniline/bentonite (Zn@PA/BE) as multifunctional photocatalyst under visible light

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Green nanocomposite of ZnO supported into polyaniline/bentonite hybrid structure (Zn@/PA/BE) was synthesised and characterised and assessed as a multifunctional photocatalyst of 1.86 eV as bandgap energy. The Zn@/PA/BE catalyst was applied in the oxidation of the levofloxacin (LV) residuals in water in the presence of visible light. The recognised oxidation results demonstrate significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity by using the polyaniline/bentonite composite as a carrier for ZnO catalyst. Using the Zn@/PA/BE at 0.5 g/L as dosage resulted in complete oxidation for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L after illumination intervals of 25, 40, 60, 70, and 85 min, respectively. This was confirmed by the significant declination in the TOC content of the treated sample (10 mg/L) until the complete removal after 45 min reflecting the complete degradation and mineralisation. The formed secondary organic compounds during the incomplete oxidation reactions were identified. The intermediate compounds suggested oxidation pathways of carboxylation/de-carboxylation, hydroxylation, de-methylation, de-piperazinylation, and defluorination mechanisms. The hydroxyl radicals were detected as the most effective oxidising species during the reactions based on the active trapping tests and probe molecule investigation. The recyclability experiments reflected the significant stability and reusability of Zn@/PA/BE as a photocatalyst during the oxidation of LV molecules.
The figurative langunge in song lyrics of Adele's album "25"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

INDONESIA:

Bahasa kiasan sering digunakan oleh orang-orang didunia. Bahasa kiasan digunakan dalam lirik lagu. Yang mempunyai tujuan untuk menciptakan beberapa efek yang bisa membuat lagu menarik. Penelitian ini fokus untuk menemukan: 1) Apa tipe-tipe bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dari beberapa lirik lagu Adele album “25” yang terpilih?; 2) Apa makna kontekstual bahasa kiasan yang ada dalam lirik lagu Adele album “25”?. Teori yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah teori Cruse makna kontekstual. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data adalah lirik lagu Adele album “25” yang terdiri atas: Hello, Send My Love, I Miss You, Remedy, River Lea, Sweetest Devotion, When We were Young. Berdasarkan data analisis, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada empat tipe bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam tujuh lirik lagu, seperti: metapor (17), hiperbola (17), eupemisme (4) dan simile (6). Tipe bahasa kiasan menunujukkan bahwa makna kontekstual menjelaskan tentang harapan seseorang dalam mempertahankan hubungan cinta, dan kepercayaan seseorang pada kekuatan cinta tetap tumbuh walaupun pengkhianatan cinta terjadi.

ENGLISH:

Figurative language is often used by people in song lyric, it has the purpose for creating some effects which can make the song interesting. This study focuses on finding out: 1) what are the types of figurative language found in the selected song lyrics by Adele album “25”? 2) what are the contextual meaning of the figurative language in the song lyrics by Adele album “25”? The theory that underlies this research is Cruse’s theory of contextual meaning. The method of analysis used is descriptive qualitative method. The data is song lyrics from Adele album “25” consisting of: Hello, Send My Love, I Miss You, Remedy, River Lea, Sweetest Devotion, When We were Young. Based on the data analysis, the result shows that there are four types of figurative languages found in seven song lyrics, such as: metaphor (17), hyperbole (17), euphemism (4), and simile (6). These kinds of figurative languages shows that the contextual meaning explain about someone’s expectation in holding on love relationship, and someone’s believe on the power of love still growing up no matter a treason of love happened.
Table of Contents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Family and Peer Contexts Shape Teen Perceptions of Dating Violence Statistical Literacy an Essential Competency for Both Producers and Consumers of Data Neurocognitive Effects of Childhood Brain Injury Melatonin for Sleep Problems in Autistic Children Bullying in Childhood and Later Psychotic Symptoms CBT vs. Active Control for Childhood Anxiety ADHD Medication Use and Academic Achievement Adolescent Depression Treatment: Findings From the NSDUH PCPs on the Front Lines of Mental Health Care
Determinants of STI’s and contraceptive awareness among Indian adolescents: a hospital based study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study was done to assess the awareness of various contraceptive methods and sexually transmitted diseases among the adolescent females. Methods: It is a prospective observational study done in outpatient department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research over a period of one year. All the unmarried and married adolescent females with age 11- 19 years who came to the hospital with any complaints were asked about their awareness regarding various methods of contraception and sexually transmitted diseases with the help of a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Among these 216 participants, 69% were unmarried and 30% were married. Among unmarried, knowledge of contraception was present in 57.6% as compare to 72.3% among married participants. In our study, barrier method of contraception was the most acknowledged method followed by emergency contraceptive pills. Among all participants who were having knowledge of STI’s (sexually transmitted infection), HIV is the only STI known. Conclusion: Safe sexual practices should be encouraged to avoid long term health and social disadvantages.
Quality Characteristics of Nutrition Bar Substituted with Defatted Ginseng Seed Meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구에서는 압착추출방법으로 착유한 후 얻은 탈지 인삼씨박 분말의 식품 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 탈지 인삼씨박 분말의 첨가량(밀가루 중량의 0, 5, 10, 20%)을 달리하여 영양바를 제조하여 품질 특성을 알아보았다. 영양바의 품질특성을 알아보기 위하여 반죽의 pH와 밀도, 영양바의 비용적, 손실률과 팽창률, 색도, texture, 관능검사를 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 영양바 반죽의 밀도와 pH는 인삼씨박 첨가 수준 증가에 따른 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 인삼씨박 분말의 첨가량이 높아질수록 인삼씨박 분말무첨가군 대비 비용적, 손실률과 팽창률 모두 감소하였다. 영양바의 crust와 crumb 모두 L값(명도)와 b값(황색도)는 인삼씨박 분말을 첨가할수록 유의적으로 감소하는 반면 a값(적색도)과 대조군 대비 총 색차(${\triangle}$)는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 영양바의 texture 특성은 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며, 특히 경도(hardness)는 인삼씨박 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향을 나타났다. 관능검사를 통해 인삼씨박 분말 첨가 영양바의 갈색의 정도, 인삼씨의 향과 맛, 쓴맛, 경도와 입안에서 알갱이가 느껴지는 정도에 대한 특성 강도를 평가한 결과, 모든 항목에서 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조군에 비해 강도가 높게 평가되었다. 특성 강도에 따른 각 시료의 기호도를 조사한 결과, 5-10% 첨가군에서 각 항목에 대한 기호도가 높게 나타났으며, 10% 인삼씨박 분말 첨가 영양바에서 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보았을 때, 영양바에 인삼씨박 분말을 첨가는 관능평가에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 이로써 식품 소재로써 탈지 인삼씨박의 이용가능성이 있다고 사료된다. The objectives of this study were to investigate the quality characteristic of the nutrition bar with various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20%) of defatted ginseng seed meal(DGSM). Specific gravity and pH of bar batters were lower in bars containing DGSM. Specific volume, loss rate and leavening rate of bars were decreased as DGSM increased. In color of bar crust and crumb, the L and bcolor values decreased according to the level of DGSM added, whereas the a color valuesand ${\triangle}$ increased. The bars with 5, 10 and 20% DGSM had significantly higher hardness value than control bar (p < 0.05). The result of sensory evaluation showed that intensity scores for color, flavor, taste, after taste and texture were highest for the nutrition bar substituted with 20% DGSM. The nutrition bar with 10% DGSM attained the highest overall acceptability score. Results indicated that optimal concentration of DGSM into the nutrition bar was 10%.
Myxoma of the jaw bones

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myxoma is a peculiar and rare bone tumor of the jaws. During the last 50 years, 10 such cases were treated in the Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Six were in the mandible and four in the maxilla. During that period, 8,723 primary bone tumors were treated in this hospital. Although this tumor is histologically benign, it has the potentiality of local invasion of the bone. Excision of the underlying bone whenever involved by the tumor should be done.