jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Students’ Strategies in Translating English Idiomatic Expression into Indonesian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This reseach is entitled “Students’ Strategies in Translating English Idiomatic Expression into Indonesian”. This research was conducted to know whether the students have knowledge in translating from English into Indonesian and what strategies are mostly used by the students in translating English idiomatic expression. The population of this reseach was the students of English Education Department at fifth semester consisted of 196 students who had learnt translation I and II course at UIN Ar-Raniry. The sample of this research was 12% of the population and they were selected by using purposive sampling. In this research, the research collected the data by applying questionnare and analyzed the data using percentage fomula. Based on the result, the researcher found more than 70% of the students have good knowledge in translating from English into Indonesian related to students’ questionnare answers and the result of the writing test. Moreover, the students also chose the strategy of paraphrase (91.6%) which was mostly used by them while translating English idiomatic expression into Indonesian and followed by using an idiom of similar form and meaning (79.1%), using an idiom of similar meaning but disimilar form (45%), and the lowest one was translation by omission Strategy (41%).
Investigating the Design Parameters’ Influence in a Fast Switching Valve – An Approach to Simplify the Design Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Designing Fast Switching Valves (FSVs) for digital displacement units is a complicated process pushing the technology to the limit. The system dynamics and the interaction of the fluid, mechanical structure, actuator and control hence calls for advanced modelling, including CFD and FEA, to capture, e.g. fluid stiction effects, end-damping and impact contact stresses. Unfortunately, this essentially renders optimization processes infeasible due to the computational burden involved, although this is precisely what is required for this type of complex multi-domain problem. Therefore, the focus of the current article is on how a complex mechatronic design problem, like designing an FSV, may be aided by considering decomposing and simplification through sensitivity analysis and analyzing correlations between the design and output parameters. This is done to significantly reduce the original design problem without compromising the investigated design space. The paper focuses specifically on the results related to an FSV and the flow delivering part of this, showing the influence of the various design parameters. However, the approach and considerations may be generalized to an other areas as well.
Porous materials by design. Plasma oxidation of hydrocarbon templates in polysilsesquioxanes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Arylene- and alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes were prepared by sol-gel processing of bis(triethoxysilyl)-aryl monomers and decyl monomer. The arylene polysilsesquioxanes were porous materials with surface areas as high as 830 m{sup 2}/g (BET). Treatment with an inductively coupled oxygen plasma resulted in the near quantitative removal of the arylene bridging groups and a coarsening of the pore structure. Solid state {sup 29}Si NMR was used to confirm the conversion of the sesquioxane silicons (T) to silica (Q). The decylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane was a non-porous material. Oxygen plasma treatment afforded a silica gel with a surface area of 294 m{sup 2}/g and a mean pore diameter of 46 {Angstrom}. The porosity in the silica gel appears to arise entirely from the oxidation of the 1,10-decylene spacer.
SINTESIS BAHAN M-HEXAFERRITES DENGAN DOPING LOGAM Co MENGGUNAKAN METODE KOPRESIPITASI

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Has successfully carried out the synthesis of M-hexferrites with doping metal Co. using coprecipitation method in which the basic material used in this study is BaCO3, FeCl3.6H2O, and CoCl2 (Pa) in the form of powder with a purity of 99.99% by mole fraction 0, 0 , 2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1. BaCO3 dissolved in HCl with 0.1 N. The process of dissolving BaCO3 using a hot plate and stirred using a magnetic stirrer until the temperature reaches 70°C for 2 hours, to prepare a solution and dissolve Iron CoCl2.6H2O (III) Chloride Hexahydrate FeCl3.6H2O, then a third mixing a solution of BaCO3, CoCl2.6H2O and Iron (III) Chloride Hexahydrate FeCl3.6H2O it in a beaker and stirred using a magnetic stirrer to form a homogeneous solution (brownish black color) and then adding a solution NH4OH precipitating the burette so that the precipitate obtained with high homogeneity. The samples were cooled and washed with distilled water, filtered with filter paper until pH neutral (pH = 7), the material is dried precipitated by using an oven temperature of 80°C. Furthermore, the process of grinding in order to obtain a brownish powder and calcined at varying temperatures of 400, 600 and 800ºC for 4 hours.Keywords: Barium M-heksaferit, cobalt, coprecipitation
[Effects of lead ions on activities of tRNALeu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase of mouse liver].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

After 8 h intoxication with lead ions acceptor activity of tRNA(Leu) was decreased and activity of leucyl-tRNA synthetase was increased. It may be part of the compensatory mechanism of the cell to keep synthesis of proteins at the normal level under extreme conditions. Low concentrations of lead ions in reaction mixture increase tRNA(Leu) and leucyl-tRNA synthetase activities, higher concentrations of these ions decrease activity of those components of protein synthesis system. The results show that ions of lead directly suppress activity of both components of translation machinery.
HST photometry of dwarf elliptical galaxies in coma, and an explanation for the alleged structural dichotomy between dwarf and bright elliptical galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As part of a research program exploring how and why dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies depart from the fundamental plane defined by luminous elliptical (E) galaxies, we have analyzed archival Hubble Space Telescope F606W images of a sample of 18 dE galaxy candidates in the Coma Cluster. We model the full radial extent of their light profiles by simultaneously fitting a point-spread function (PSF) convolved Sérsic R1/n model and, when necessary, either a central point source or a central PSF-convolved Gaussian. Nucleation was detected in all but two of our final sample of 15 dE galaxies. When detected, the luminosities of the central component, Lnuc, scale with the host galaxy luminosity Lgal such that Lnuc = 104.76±0.10(Lgal/107) 0.87±0.26. We confirm that the light profiles of the underlying host galaxies display systematic departures from an exponential model that are correlated with the model-independent host galaxy luminosity and are not due to biasing from the nuclear component. The Pearson correlation coefficient between log n and central galaxy surface brightness μ0 (excluding the flux from extraneous central components) is -0.83 at a significance level of 99.99%. Excluding one outlier, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the logarithm of the Sérsic index n and the host galaxy magnitude is -0.77 at a significance of 99.9%. We explain the observed relationship between dE galaxy luminosity and the inner logarithmic profile slope γ′ as a by-product of the correlation between luminosity and Sérsic index n. Including, from the literature, an additional 232 dE and E galaxies spanning 10 mag in absolute magnitude M, the dE galaxies are shown to display a continuous sequence with the brighter E galaxies, such that μ0 brightens linearly with M until core formation causes the most luminous (M B ≲ -20.5) E galaxies to deviate from this relation. The different behavior of dE and E galaxies in the M-〈μ〉e (and M-μe diagram and the 〈μ〉e-log R e diagram has nothing to do with core formation and is in fact expected from the continuous and linear relation between M and μ0, and M and log n.
Technology Laboratories: Facilitating Instruction for Cyberinfrastructure Infused Data Sciences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) frameworks gain prominence in science and engineering, most researchers face significant challenges in adopting complex AI/ML workflows to campus and national cyberinfrastructure (CI) environments.Data from the Texas A&M High Performance Computing (HPRC) researcher training program indicate that researchers increasingly want to learn how to migrate and work with their pre-existing AI/ML frameworks on large scale computing environments.Building on the continuing success of our work in developing innovative pedagogical approaches for CItraining approaches, we expand CI-infused pedagogical approaches to teach technology-based AI and data sciences.We revisit the pedagogical approaches used in the decades-old tradition of laboratories in the Physical Sciences that taught concepts via experiential learning.Here, we structure a series of exercises on interactive computing environments that give researchers immediate hands-on experience in AI/ML and data science technologies that they will use as they work on larger CI resources.These exercises, called "tech-labs," assume that participating researchers are familiar with AI/ML approaches and focus on hands-on exercises that teach researchers how to use these approaches on large-scale CI.The tech-labs offer four consecutive sessions, each introducing a learner to specific technologies offered in CI environments for AI/ML and data workflows.We report on our tech-lab offered for Python-based AI/ML approaches during which learners are introduced to Jupyter Notebooks followed by exercises using Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-learn, and Keras.The program includes a series of enhancements such as container support and easy launch of virtual environments in our Web-based computing interface.The approach is scalable to programs using a command line interface (CLI) as well.In all, the program offers a shift in focus from teaching AI/ML toward increasing adoption of AI/ML in large-scale CI. CCS CONCEPTS
Investigations of UV-crosslinkable water-soluble acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Titled adhesives based on acrylic acid (AA) or b-acryloyloxy propionic acid (APA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were synthesized. Unsaturated photoinitiators were introduced into their chains, namely: 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone (ABP), 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-acryloyloxy-ethoxy) phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone (ZLI 3331) or phenyl-1(1-acryloyloxy)-cyclohexyl ketone (PAC). These products were plastified with polyoxyethylene glycols (PEG) differing in molecular weight (400 - 1010 Da) or polyoxypropylene glycols (PPG). The effects of chemical compositions of comonomers, plasticizer types and contents as well as effect of pH on the following basing properties of obtained aqueous adhesive systems (PSA) were investigated: water solubility, cohesion and adhesion. Dependence of water solubility of selected plasticized PSAs on UV curing time was also determined. PSA based on 70 wt. % of AA and 30 wt.% of BA with addition of 0.5 wt. % of ABP as photoinitiator/comonomer, plastified with 60-120 phr of PPG has been found as optimal.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KONSUMSI DAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP PRODUKSI KOPI ARABIKA DI DESA SINAMAN II KECAMATAN PAMATANG SIDAMANIK KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Arabica coffee is considered superior to Robusta due to its taste and quantity and is also low in caffeine. The variables of this study include Arabica coffee production with variable Y, consumers and distribution as variable X in Sinaman II Village, Pamatang Sidamanik district, Simalungun Regency using multiple linear regression methods. The data obtained from distributing the questionnaires were processed using SPSS software Version 24.0 For Windows. The purpose of this study was to analyze and find out which factors (consumption and distribution) significantly influence Arabica coffee production in Sinaman II Village. The results of the study Consumption and distribution have a positive and significant influence on arabica coffee production in Sinaman II Village, Pamatang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency. The coefficient of determination shows the adjusted R Square number of 0.725 which can be called the coefficient of determination which in this case means that 72.5% of Arabica coffee production in Sinaman II Village can be obtained and explained by Consumption and Distribution. While the remaining 100% - 72.5% = 27.5% is influenced by other variables that are not included in the model or not examined.
Data from ATM Deficiency Generating Genomic Instability Sensitizes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Therapy-Induced DNA Damage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) harbor recurrent functional mutations of the master DNA damage response kinase ATM, which has been shown to accelerate tumorigenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. To study how ATM deficiency affects genome integrity in this setting, we evaluated the molecular and functional effects of conditional <i>Atm</i> deletion in a mouse model of PDAC. ATM deficiency was associated with increased mitotic defects, recurrent genomic rearrangements, and deregulated DNA integrity checkpoints, reminiscent of human PDAC. We hypothesized that altered genome integrity might allow synthetic lethality-based options for targeted therapeutic intervention. Supporting this possibility, we found that the PARP inhibitor olaparib or ATR inhibitors reduced the viability of PDAC cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> associated with a genotype-selective increase in apoptosis. Overall, our results offered a preclinical mechanistic rationale for the use of PARP and ATR inhibitors to improve treatment of ATM-mutant PDAC. <i>Cancer Res; 77(20); 5576–90. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Numerical Analysis of Bloch Theory for Acoustic Wave Propagation in One-Dimensional Periodic Composites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For applications in high-frequency medical ultrasonics, periodic composite materials made by combining a piezoelectric ceramic and an epoxy have aroused interest because of their high electromechanical coupl ing and low acoustic impedance. Composite transducers therefore have high sensitivity and broad band width. These significant advantages have led to considerable theoretical and experimental work on these kinds of new artificial materials. The general Bloch theory for solving acoustic wave propagation in periodic structures in two- and three-dimensions has already been presented in previous papers. Here, numerical calculations for one-dimensional Bloch coupled equation set will be described. This numerical result calculated using truncated Bloch matrix will be compared with the exact solution using the m atrix transmission line method. The purpose of this comparison is to test the accuracy of the truncated Bloch solution, which can not be done for the n ultidimension case, because no exact solution exists. Of special interest is the wide stopband splitting and material loss, characteristic of ceramic-epoxy compos i t es .
Optimizing electrochromism for plasmonic electronic paper: Inorganic vs organic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The combination of plasmonic nanostructures and electrochromic materials for dynamic color generation has been of interest in recent years due to the possibility to make reflective displays in full color with extremely low power consumption compared to emissive displays. We show a comparison between two electrochromic materials, tungsten trioxide (inorganic) and PProDOTMe2 (organic), for electrical modulation of the resonantly reflected light from plasmonic nanostructures. The comparison focuses on achievable contrast, switching speed, coloration memory and power consumption.
The radio/infrared counterpart of the hard X-ray transient in Aquila : a possible source of repeated soft gamma-ray bursts.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the discovery of the radio and infrared counterpart of the hard X-ray transient GRS1915+105 in the constellation of Aquila. The compact object is located beyond ∼ 30 magnitudes of optical absorption. At radio wavelengths it exhibits drastic time variations in flux which are correlated with changes in the hard X-rays. The source also shows unusual variability in the H(1.65 μm) and K(2.2 μm) infrared bands. We propose that in the course of its slow rise to minimum intensity, GRS1915+105 may have triggered three soft gamma-ray bursts of short duration that were observed from the same region of the sky during June-August 1992
Energy metabolism, digestive and absorptive capacity, and gut microbiome of nursery piglets selected for feed efficiency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Improving feed efficiency (FE) plays an essential role in the economic and environmental sustainability of the swine industry. Genetic selection based on estimated breeding values for feed conversion ratio (EBV_FCR) can effectively improve FE. This study investigated the growth performance, nutrient and energy digestibility, activity of hydrolyses, expression of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins, and gut microbiome of nursery pigs selected for high and low feed efficiency. A total of 128 pigs weaned at 21+2 days were selected from parents with low or high EBV_FCR, representing low (n=64) and high (n=64) FE groups. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets in a two-phase feeding program for four weeks under similar rearing conditions. The results revealed no differences in average daily feed intake, average body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and energy and nutrient digestibility between the two groups. Moreover, the two groups had no differences in the maximal activity of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase, and maltase-glucoamylase (P > 0.05). SGLT1, ASCT2, PepT1, EAAC1, and BoAT1 mRNA abundances were not different between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in claudin-1 and ZO-1 protein abundances in the jejunum between the two pig groups. The two pig groups had similar fecal microbial taxonomic composition and function. However, the high FE group had a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the jejunum, and the low FE group was associated with higher relative abundances of Prevotella, Blautia and Faecalibacterium in the cecum and colon. The high-efficiency pig group had higher species evenness, and there was a trend (P < 0.084) for beta diversity difference, indicating that high-efficiency pigs might have a healthier gut environment. In conclusion, nursery pigs selected for high and low feed efficiency based on parents’ EBV_FCR did not differ in growth performance, nutrient digestibility and absorptive capacities, fecal microbiota composition and functions. Microbiota differences were present for the jejunum, cecum and colon of these two pig groups suggesting different functionality that need to be further investigated.
Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and the somy 16 mouse

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Joseph T. Coyle, Mary Lou Oster-Granite, Roger H. Reeves and John D. Gearhart Joseph T. Coyle, Mary Lou Oster.Granite, Roger H. Reeves and John D. Oearhart are at the Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Physiology, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University Sehool of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Recent findings have implicated genes on human chromosome 21 as important in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (ADJ. These include the high incidence of the pathological features characteristic of AD in individuals with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and the localization of both a familial AD gene and the gene encoding amyloid precursor protein on chromo- some 21. Substantial genetic homology exists between human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16, including the gene encoding the amyloid precursor protein. Mice that are trisomic for chromosome 16 offer a genetic model.for studies relevant to Down syndrome that may also help to clarify molecular mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been hindered by the lack of suitable animal models that could be subjected to rigorous molecular and cellular biological studies since such studies currently are not feasible with humans. While the cognitive impairments observed in aged rodents and primates may reflect compromised central cholinergic function 1, it is generally agreed that AD is a disease process with specific pathological features. Furthermore, the synaptic neurochemical abnormalities of AD can be distinguished from those associated with simple aging 2. Lesion-induced deficits of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in animals have been informative about the behavioral role and synap- tic pharmacology of this particularly vulnerable neur- onal pathway in AD, but do not recreate the other characteristic pathological features a. Several other neurotransmitter systems, including noradrenergic and somatostatin-containing neurons, are also affected in AD 4's. To date, only humans are known to develop spontaneously the neuropathological and cognitive manifestations of AD. Genetics of Alzheimer's disease Recent studies have provided four lines of evidence that genetic factors are involved in the etiology of AD. First, as discussed in greater detail below, most individuals with Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) develop the pathological features of AD by the fourth
Filopodia formation by crosslinking of F‐actin with fascin in two different binding manners

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Filopodia are finger‐like protrusions at the leading edge of migrating cells that play a crucial antennal function during cell motility. It is known that actin filaments are bundled hexagonally and provide rigidity to filopodia by virtue of fascin, which plays a central role in actin filament bundling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation remain unclear. Here, we observed the filopodia of intact whole cells fixed by rapid freezing and revealed their three‐dimensional structure by cryo‐electron tomography and image processing; the actin filament bundling structure by fascin was clarified at high resolution under physiological conditions. It was found that actin filaments in vivo were more numerous than in bundles reconstructed in vitro, and each filopodial actin filament had limited variability in helical twisting. In addition, statistical analysis of actin filament bundles unveiled their detailed architecture. In filopodia, actin filaments had highly ordered structures, and the shift between cross‐links of each adjacent actin filament was approximately 2.7 nm, similar to the monomer repeat of actin filaments. We then proposed a plausible actin‐fascin cross‐link model at the amino acid level and identified three fascin binding sites on two adjacent actin filaments: one filament bound fascin at two discrete, widely separated regions and the other bound fascin in a single small region. We propose that these two different binding modalities should confer rigid bundles that retain flexibility and dynamic performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.