jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Integrated Asset Modeling for an Offshore-Onshore Field Development. Tomoporo Field Case

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A reliable future development plan of an oilfield would require that all of the elements in the petroleum system are modeled in an integrated manner if a timely response, a more realistic economical evaluation, and risk analysis are needed for better decisions making. The main goal for future development of Tomoporo field is to change the traditional focus (petroleum system elements by separated) by enabling to multidisciplinary team members to take advantage of their expertises within a collaborative environment based on interaction among petroleum system components. The Tomoporo field's hydrocarbon reserves have been largely developed in offshore, but barely in onshore. It has been planned to increase production twice through new producing wells in onshore area which presents several limitations for handling production. Also a plan for pressure support, and improved oil recovery have been considered by implementing a waterflooding project. This paper shows an innovative integrated asset methodology, applied for forecasting scenarios where reservoir, surface network, geographic location aspects, economy, risk, and uncertainty analysis were considered. The evaluation of forecasting scenarios was performed by implementing an integrated asset modeling (IAM) where all of simulation scenarios were coupled with a surface network model. Such network modeling included itself three integration levels to address complexity of surface facility needed for future offshore-onshore field development. In addition, an innovative link from reservoir-surface network models to the economic model was developed for a fully assisted asset modeling, resulting in faster and more reliable scenarios evaluation. The IAM for Tomoporo field provided valuable information for all team members of the production stream, maximizing benefits from decision making based on a fully coupled asset model. This integrated approach determined that greater recovery factor and less reservoir pressure drop are achieved if an onshore flow station is added for new onshore wells in spite of existing capabilities in offshore surface facilities. The IAM approach triggered warnings about future needs (investment, expenses), and also to be alert in minimizing bottlenecks in order to ensure no violation of surface capacity constraints. In addition, it allowed to define operating limits of water injection plants, enabling that optimum operation conditions are set, and the added value of the Tomoporo field development be maximized.
Genetic analysis of tobacco RuBPCase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Green leaves contain high levels of soluble proteins. The best‐studied leaf protein is the fraction 1 protein which comprises more than 50% of the soluble leaf protein and is the most abundant protein in nature. This protein is an important photosynthetic enzyme, ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCase), and has many unique properties. It catalyzes two reactions ‐ photosynthesis and photorespiration; consists of two types of subunits ‐ large and small; and requires two independent genomes for its synthesis ‐ chloroplast and nuclear. This reviewer's intent is to review and evaluate our current knowledge of the genetics of this protein. The genetic analysis of tobacco RuBPCase was initially attempted by employing the classical plant breeding techniques ‐interspecific hybridization. The results were supported by using isolated chloroplasts for in vitro protein synthesis experiments and finally confirmed by the application of the recombinant DNA technology. The genetics and biosynthesis of tobacco RuBPCase were thus well established and serve as an excellent example to illustrate the close interaction and orderly coordination between the nuclear and organellar genomes in plant system.
A view-based approach for recognition of Bengali printed characters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method for recognizing Bengali printed characters by using view-based and layer-based approaches. Two different view-based approaches, the top-bottom and the left-right have been used. The layer-based approach is also considered here. No thinning or segmentation is required. The individual character is taken as a whole image. The characteristic points are extracted from the views after some preprocessing. These points are then used to form a feature vector which represents the given character. These feature vectors are classified with the aid of dynamic time warping distance, k-NN and ensemble of classifiers. The concept can also be extended for Bengali word recognition.
Precise Quantification of Nanoparticle Internalization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanoparticles have opened new exciting avenues for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in human disease, and targeted nanoparticles are increasingly used as specific drug delivery vehicles. The precise quantification of nanoparticle internalization is of importance to measure the impact of physical and chemical properties on the uptake of nanoparticles into target cells or into cells responsible for rapid clearance. Internalization of nanoparticles has been measured by various techniques, but comparability of data between different laboratories is impeded by lack of a generally accepted standardized assay. Furthermore, the distinction between associated and internalized particles has been a challenge for many years, although this distinction is critical for most research questions. Previously used methods to verify intracellular location are typically not quantitative and do not lend themselves to high-throughput analysis. Here, we developed a mathematical model which integrates the data from high-throughput flow cytometry measurements with data from quantitative confocal microscopy. The generic method described here will be a useful tool in biomedical nanotechnology studies. The method was then applied to measure the impact of surface coatings of vesosomes on their internalization by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). RES cells are responsible for rapid clearance of nanoparticles, and the resulting fast blood clearance is one of the major challenges in biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Coating of vesosomes with long chain polyethylene glycol showed a trend for lower internalization by RES cells.
Shorter stabilizer circuits via Bruhat decomposition and quantum circuit transformations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we improve the layered implementation of arbitrary stabilizer circuits introduced by Aaronson and Gottesman in Phys. Rev. A 70(052328), 2004: to obtain a general stabilizer circuit, we reduce their $11$-stage computation -H-C-P-C-P-C-H-P-C-P-C- over the gate set consisting of Hadamard, Controlled-NOT, and Phase gates, into a $7$-stage computation of the form -C-CZ-P-H-P-CZ-C-. We show arguments in support of using -CZ- stages over the -C- stages: not only the use of -CZ- stages allows a shorter layered expression, but -CZ- stages are simpler and appear to be easier to implement compared to the -C- stages. Based on this decomposition, we develop a two-qubit gate depth-$(14n{-}4)$ implementation of stabilizer circuits over the gate library $\{$H, P, CNOT$\}$, executable in the Linear Nearest Neighbor (LNN) architecture, improving best previously known depth-$25n$ circuit, also executable in the LNN architecture. Our constructions rely on Bruhat decomposition of the symplectic group and on folding arbitrarily long sequences of the form $($-P-C-$)^m$ into a 3-stage computation -P-CZ-C-. Our results include the reduction of the $11$-stage decomposition -H-C-P-C-P-C-H-P-C-P-C- into a $9$-stage decomposition of the form -C-P-C-P-H-C-P-C-P-. This reduction is based on the Bruhat decomposition of the symplectic group. This result also implies a new normal form for stabilizer circuits. We show that a circuit in this normal form is optimal in the number of Hadamard gates used. We also show that the normal form has an asymptotically optimal number of parameters.
[Tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis: an unusual presentation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Axillary lymph node tuberculosis is rare and often poses problems of differential, diagnosis, especially with breast carcinoma. We report the case of a tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis discovered at the time of the exploration of a supposedly metastatic liver and, initially, taken for metastases of an occult breast carcinoma. Tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis remains a rare condition which must be considered in patients living in country with endemic tuberculosis.
Interactive Design and Operations of Moorings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes a stand-alone PC-based computer simulator for mooring design and operations. Both program logic and mathematics are discussed. Competing algorithms for solving several classical mooring problems are compared. The program contains a design module, static and dynamic mooring simulators, and mooring calculator modules. The design module performs an automatic optimum design of anchor deployment for any environmental condition, or allows the user to perform an interactive design. The static simulator predicts system responses in all mooring operations. The dynamic simulator is an implementation of the recent requirement of regulatory bodies for simulating slow-drifting motions of the vessel after a line failure. The calculator includes modules that compute weather forces, system stiffness, elastic catenary mechanics, and others. The program is interactive, menu-driven, and includes graphics.
A Direct Power Controller for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a direct power control scheme for doubly-fed induction generator for variable speed wind power generation. Using a stator flux decoupling and deadbeat control loops the algorithm calculates the rotor voltage vector to be supplied to the rotor in order to eliminate the active and reactive power errors that can achieve high accuracy and fast dynamic power response based on the estimated stator flux, the active and reactive power and their errors. Simulations results are carried out for validation of the digital controller operation.
Lignocellulose-Derived Arabinose for Energy and Chemicals Synthesis through Microbial Cell Factories: A Review

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The exploration of natural substrates for microbial conversion to synthesize industrial platform and fuel chemicals seems to be inevitable within a circular bioeconomy context. Hemicellulose is a natural carbohydrate polymer consisting of a variety of pentose (C5) sugar monomers such as arabinose, mannose, erythrose, and xylose. Among the C5 sugars, L-arabinose (L-Ara) is the second-most-abundant pentose sugar in the lignocellulosic biomass after xylose. L-Ara has been used as an industrial carbon source to produce several value-added chemicals such as putrescine, which is used to synthesize polymers in the textile industry; sugar alcohols that are used as sweeteners in diet foods; and amino acids such as L-lysine, L-glutamate, L-arginine, and L-ornithine, which are used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and other products in the food and beverage industries. L-Ara, a natural non-caloric sweetener, is used as a substitute in the food and beverage industry, when the risk of blood sugar and lipid levels could be reduced. Major use of L-Ara is also found in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors to treat several conditions, including mineral absorption disorder, constipation, and diabetes, among others. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in synthesizing various sugar alcohols and derivatives, including arabitol, xylitol, and 2,3-butanediol, through the modification of producer organisms either genetically or metabolically to produce value-added products. Understanding the current demand and the need to increase the diversified production of industrial green chemicals with the reduced waste of useful lignocellulosic resources, this review focuses on the background of L-Ara and its various sources, microbes that utilize L-Ara to produce high-value-added products, and the future prospects for strain improvements to increase the yield of high-value-added products.
Comment on egusphere-2023-2251

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract.

The effects of tides on the Mediterranean Sea’s general circulation, with a particular focus on the horizontal and vertical currents, are investigated using twin simulations with and without tides. Amplitudes of tides in the region are typically low, but an analysis of the kinetic energy demonstrates that tides have effects across many spatial and temporal scales in the basin, including nonlinear effects at short periods (less than one day) with high kinetic energy peaks at near-inertial, basin modes and tidal frequencies. Internal tidal waves are also revealed below 100 m. Tides are found to amplify several basin modes of the Mediterranean Sea, broaden several tidal frequency energy spectra bands, as well as interact energetically with near-inertial waves. Tides are found to increase the mixed layer depth in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the deep and intermediate water formation areas of the Western and Eastern basins. It is confirmed that the net mass transport through the Gibraltar Strait is unchanged by tides, but both inflow and outflow increase.
Malfunctions and the lingual technique

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In adult orthodontic treatment one of the many important parameters is the identification of a working referential goal for ultimate stabilization of the dentition, which differs from the one used for children. So orthodontists must carefully evaluate all the factors that make treatment for an adult patient desirable in relation to the patient’s needs in order to make a therapeutic decision with controlled risks. As orthodontists we have available to us a certain number of reference positions from which we can make decisions that will help us to establish, maintain, and stabilize our treatment results: • Rest position and myo-centered position neither of which can actually be used because they are not reproducible. • Therapeutic position, which is defined spatially and maintained by the orthodontist. It appears that in spite the assured stability of the final result this position is quite difficult to maintain through the vicissitudes of therapy. However, orthodontists can use phenomena of adaptation to keep it stable despite its imprecision. • Position of maximum intercuspation. ‘‘This is the most fundamental position because it establishes the end point of functional movements’’ (C. M. Valentin). Although it has exceptional reproducibility, orthodontists can utilize it only in certain special cases because the attachments of the lingual technique interfere with its completion. • Position of centric relation. This is usually the position of choice during treatment because orthodontists can assess it from a point removed from the dentition and reevaluate it and make comparisons between readings taken throughout the course of therapy. Whichever of these reference points is chosen, it becomes an essential adjunct of all prosthetic, surgical, or orthodontic reconstructive therapy. That is why in our orthodontic examinations we make a note of two important reference positions that will allow us at various stages to define the maxillo-mandibular position.
Multiple sclerosis and non-dystrophic myotonias: do they share a common pathophysiology?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) complain of symptoms, such as myokymia, myotonia, spasms, and stiffness, which have been demonstrated to be due to a concurrent non-dystrophic myotonia, i.e. myotonia congenita or paramyotonia congenita. Beyond the known casual association between MS and non-dystrophic myotonia, a channelopathy representing a primary trait of MS rather than an epiphenomenon of demyelization (i.e., an acquired channelopathy) may exist. Indeed, the finding of MS patients with no genetic evidence of non-dystrophic myotonia but showing a clinical picture resembling this condition would support this hypothesis. Thirty patients with MS and no concurrent diagnosis of myotonia congenita or paramyotonia congenita were submitted to the Fournier protocol. Some of these MS patients presented abnormal muscle excitability with scarce myotonic discharges, but only a few of them had clinical features compatible with myotonia congenita or paramyotonia congenita syndromes. Even though the low number of recruited patients did not allow a robust statistical analysis, our data seemed to indicate the presence of an ion channel dysfunction that is independent of the acquired channelopathies and likely represents a common pathophysiological mechanism underlying a unique channelopathy simultaneously involving the peripheral and the central nervous system in individuals with MS. Confirming the presence of such a primary channelopathy in MS patients is of non-negligible importance, since dysfunction of ion channels may represent a suitable therapeutic target in MS.
Neural Density Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification for ChemCam Spectra [Slides]

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ChemCam instrument of Curiosity uses laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). It fires a laser at target and vaporizes rock surfaces, creating a plasma. Three spectrographs divide the plasma light into wavelengths for chemical analysis: ultraviolet, violet, and visible near-infrared. Regression methods (SVR, PCR, CNN) have been employed for calibration (prediction of the elemental composition of samples); however, labeled ChemCam samples are limited. Here, we focus on unsupervised learning and employ generative models from ChemCam analysis. Further, we use labels (supervised) in combination to the generative model to compute uncertainties related to predictions. We report generative modeling can be successfully applied to model real-world data. Normalizing flow models can be efficiently constructed on latent spaces for fast downstream inference. Unsupervised and supervised learning can be combined to form an uncertainty quantification framework.
Needs/experiences of dyslexic students + support in clinical practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Employers are required to not only eliminate discrimination and harassment, but also to promote equity as well as engage in activities that promote the inclusion of disabled people (DOH, 2002; Disability Rights Commission, 2004). The NMC (2006) also requires those who provide programmes ‘to apply local policies in accordance with the Disability Discrimination Act (1995) for the selection and recruitment of students and employees with disabilities’. Evidence of how the students will be supported in both academic and practice is also required by the NMC (2006).
Therefore good knowledge of the needs and experiences of dyslexic students and how best they could be helped when in clinical practice is needed. However, there is little evidence from the nursing and midwifery fields to suggest that nursing and midwifery students with dyslexia have established support networks in clinical practice.
The aims of the study was therefore to explore the experiences and needs of nursing and midwifery dyslexic students in clinical practice, and ways in which staff could support those students to help draw some guidelines on how best the needs of those students could be met whilst in clinical practice.
A Computerized Approach to a Multivariable, Constrained, Nonlinear Optimization Blending Problem Using a Monte Carlo Simulation,

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This design project dealt with a blending problem in the format of a multivariable, constrained, nonlinear optimization problem, where a typical application of this problem may be an incinerator that burns waste. The incinerator accepts a blend of several sources, each of which has particular characteristics in terms of thermal output. Should the different sources be inappropriately blended, it could result in a safety hazard for the entire incinerator. The problem is to determine the appropriate proportions so that the maximum value of thermal output for the blend is minimized. The maximum value will be approximated by the mean of the blend plus a selected number standard deviations. The first phase of the project was a brief study of similar blending problems by searching relevant literature. It was found that very little has been done on this problem in terms of computer implementation for industry. Secondly, various possible methods for solving the blending problem were considered. Among these methods were classical calculus, gradient searches, exhaustive searches, and iterative direct searching. An extension of an iterative direct search is a Monte Carlo simulation, where a statistical approach is taken. The Monte Carlo search method is based on the theory that the optimization problem has a distribution of answers and that a random sample of those answers will yield an answer in the lower tail to within a certain degree of accuracy. Then, the feasible region of answers will be halved and another random sample of possible answers will be taken. The search proceeds in this manner, taking random samples from an ever-decreasing region of feasible answers. The method focuses on the optimal answer. The third aspect of the project was implementing the Monte Carlo method in computer code.
Mortierella wolfii Infection in an Ox

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A Japanese Black Ox showed pyrexia, anorexia and depression on a farm in Gunma Prefecture in December, 1985. Autopsy revealed hepatic lesions consisting of numerous approximately spherical pale lesions scattered on the surface. Inflammatory lesions were seen in the right lobe of the lung. A part of the trachea was whitish and thickened. Histologically, necrotic foci were observed in most areas of the liver with proliferation of fungi around blood vessels. The pulmonary lesions were seriously exudative. Fungi were also observed in a part of the bronchiole and vascular wall. Mortierella wolfii was isolated from the liver. The appearance of mycelia in the liver was identical.