jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Circasemiseptan (about-half-weekly) and/or circaseptan (about-weekly) pattern in human mitotic activity?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review and metachronanalysis was prompted by the presence of a circasemiseptan pattern (P < 0.05) found by population-mean cosinor in published data characterizing murine malignant growth after treatment with cyclophosphamide (1-4). For cancer chronotherapy (5-9), the analyses serve to suggest the desirability to extend the focus beyond circadian aspects of drug timing and drug effect to a broader view that takes into account as much of the body's make-up in time as is practical. Among the different components of a chronome (the time structure of rhythms with different frequencies and trends in a given variable), the 3.5-day patterns (circasemiseptans) and the 7-day patterns (circaseptans) are more readily accessible to measurement and thus to manipulation and optimization than infradians with even lower frequencies; they may also be pertinent to the scheduling of infusions covering several days, particularly those using drug administration devices, some of which are programmable. Should circaseptans and circasemiseptans characterize the host as well as the tumor, the drug administration schedule could be optimized for both treatment efficacy and host tolerance, with a view of infradian as well as of circadian and ultradian rhythms.
Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera and its synergism with Cleome viscosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

KEYWORDS The phytochemical study, antioxidant activity and in vitro antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of Moringa oleifera roots were investigated. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids in roots of Moringa oleifera. The extracts were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against selected otitis media pathogens S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae by disc diffusion method. Most prominent activity was shown by acetone extract against P. aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae followed by E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae. Effective zone range was 19-35 mm and MIC range was 4-16 mg/ml. Antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera in acetone extract was 84.23 %, 60.00 % and 43.30 % at 10µg/ml, 50µg/ml and 100µg/ml respectively. Moringa oleifera and Cleome viscosa combination demonstrated strong synergistic effect towards K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The antibacterial effects of Moringa oleifera alone as well as in combination with Cleome viscosa against all tested pathogens suggest their potential use as alternative tools for controlling otitis media. Otitis media, Antimicrobial Activity, Moringa oleifera, Cleome viscosa, Synergistic activity.
An anatomy of dispossession: post-apartheid land rights and farm dweller relocation in the context of a private game reserve initiative, northern KwaZulu-Natal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is a detailed examination of the impact that the development of a private game reserve initiative in northern KwaZulu-Natal had on the lives of farm dwellers in the late 1990s. The reshaping of this landscape for ecotourism purposes – a decision taken by a group of private landowners – meant that the residents of the former cattle farms were relocated, a process which had serious consequences for them. The outcomes of relocation from the farms are explored through conversations with the relocated farm dwellers. In an attempt to convey the texture of the emotional geography of dispossession, we document both the tangible and the less tangible losses suffered from the farm dwellers' point of view, as well as their experience with the state bureaucracy. The legal and bureaucratic process leading up to the relocation is then retraced through court documents and other archival evidence. At one level, this case raises questions about the capacity of the post-apartheid South African land reform programme to secure the land rights of marginalised groups such as farm dwellers, despite legislation passed to protect them. At a deeper level, this article is about the conceptual inadequacies of the law. While the law finds it easy to render visible and to protect (saleable) private property, it struggles to fully recognise more complex land relationships. The people whose experience is described in this article felt disempowered, their lives effectively invisible. We problematise the continuing primacy of private property in post-apartheid South Africa and argue that the voices of those with other histories on the land should receive more serious attention.
Nonequivalence of chains in hemoglobin oxidation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonequivalence of chains in hemoglobin oxidationAli Mansouri and Kaspar H. WinterhalterCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 24, 4946–4949Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00748a020https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00748a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Haemocyte Morphology and Differential Haemocyte Counts of Giant Ladybird Beetle, <i>Anisolemnia dilatata</i> (F.) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):A Unique Predator of Bamboo Woolly Aphids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in haemolymph characteristics such as differential counts of haemocytes have direct bearing on the general performance of insects. The present study was carried out to generate data on the morphology of different haemocytes and their differential counts of giant ladybird predator, Anisolemnia dilatata (F.), unique to woolly aphid pests of bamboo habitat. Five types of haemocytes, viz. prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytes were morphologically characterized in the haemolymph of larvae, pupae, virgin females and males. Among these, plasmatocytes were dominant followed by granulocytes, prohaemocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytes. Granulocytes showed consistency in numbers in all life cycle stages from first instar larva to adults of males and females of the giant ladybird.
On the dynamics of a curved microtubule-associated proteins by considering viscoelastic properties of the living biological cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Over the last few years, some novel researches in the field of medical science made a tendency to have therapy without any complications or side-effects of the disease with the aid of prognosis about the behaviors of the microtubules. Regarding this issue, the stability/instability analysis of curved microtubule-associated protein in axons with attention to different size effect parameters based on an exact continuum method is presented. The real property of the living biological cells is presented as the Kelvin-Voight viscoelastic properties. Considering length scale parameter (l/R = 0.2) in modified couple stress theory (MCST) leads to a better agreement with experimental results in comparison by other theories that in the results section is presented, in detail. Based on presented exact results, the effect of R1/R parameter on the relative frequency changes of the microtubules is hardly depended to the value of the external forced load that should be attention to this value. Another important consequence is that the influence of the microtubule curvature parameter on the relative frequency changes of the living substructure is hardly depended on the value of the time-dependent viscoelastic property, that researchers in the analysis of the microtubule should be attention to this important issue.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Micro Couette Flow of Nanofluids

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research applied molecular dynamics method to micro Couette flow of nanofluids, in order to examine the absorption layer near solid surfaces, and propose mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement due to flow. The model of nanofluids consisted of 4 nm Cu nanoparticles and liquid argon as base liquid, Lennard-Jones potential function was adopted to deal with the interactions between atoms. Through visual observation and analysis, it was found that the even-distributed liquid argon atoms near solid surfaces could be seemed as a reform to base liquid and had contributed to heat transfer enhancement. In the process of Couette flow, nanoparticles were rotating and vibrating besides moving translationally. The micro-motions of nanoparticles could disturb the continuity of fluid and strengthen partial flow nearby nanoparticles, and enhance heat transfer in nanofluids.
Synthesis of speech

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis should contribute to the pleasantness, intelligibility, and speed of speech-based human-machine interactions. The initial step is that articulatory speech synthesis attempts to mathematically model the human vocal system through area functions of its vocal organs. In this project, the author has used a male vocal system and designed a large unit inventory practical. Next, the design of the units is acoustically driven but limited by a complex pronunciation model. Finally, concatenative speech synthesis links different length of prerecorded speech samples together that were obtained from natural speech. Fortunately, concatenative synthesis requires less computational complexity at the expense of larger memory space. A set of vocabularies and a prerecorded speech corpus containing 40 phonemes serves as the basic acoustical units were created by the author before testing and carrying out the experiment for the TIS system. Further research was done on how other methods like Pitch-Synchronous Overlap Add (PSOLA) can better concatenate the chain of sound elements and eventually produce a continuous speech in English.
Saints and Madmen

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Article AbstractFrom our regular book review column. Written by an intelligent journalist, Saints and Madmen surveys the contemporary American scene of popular religion, especially spirituality, and its relationships to traditional psychiatry. Recognizing the vastness of his topic, Russell Shorto restricts himself to reporting on vivid personalities, including patients, gurus, and theoreticians of all stripes. The subtitle captures his wish to announce a new openness in American psychiatry toward religion, especially the work of Paul Fleischman (author of The Healing Spirit ). Similar authors are P. Scott Richards, Harold George Koenig, William R. Miller, Edward P. Shafranske, and Mary A. Fukuyama. Psychiatrists, especially those who work with severely ill patients, will recognize those patients in these portraits of human beings who suffer so severely. Sometimes genuine relief comes through religion, sometimes through interpersonal psychotherapy, sometimes through medication—sometimes through all three.
Short Cut in Printing Organic Structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTShort Cut in Printing Organic StructuresChemical Abstracts uses cut-outs, movable type to build structural formulas for photographingCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1961, 39, 13, 60–61Publication Date (Print):March 27, 1961Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 27 March 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v039n013.p060Copyright © 1961 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (692 KB) SUBJECTS:Chemical structure Get e-Alerts
Behavioral Modeling of Class E Amplifiers via Modified Nodal Analysis Formulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The behavioral model of class E amplifiers in the steady state are given via the modified nodal analysis (MNA) formulation. The MNA formulation that provides circuit equations is adopted in general-purpose circuit simulators such as SPICE. Even though the circuit configuration is changed，the circuit equations are easily obtained. Hence, the behavioral model can be certainly obtained without difficulty in the setting up of the circuit equations. To produce the behavioral model, the MOSFET included in the class E amplifier is replaced with an ideal switch. Each dynamical system that depends on the "on" and "off" states of the switch is categorized as a descriptor system in control theory. The behavioral model of the class E amplifiers is obtained, on the basis of control theory. The proposed method is applicable to behavioral modeling of other types of resonant power amplifiers.
Some Reactions of the Nervous System to Trauma

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

I should like first to thank most warmly the staff of the famous Birmingham Accident Service for granting me the privilege of giving this important lecture.I am a great admirer of hospital accident services, and we will all agree, as Ruscoe Clarke demonstrated by his devoted example, that to provide a service is not enough: for it is necessary and expected of the leading exponents that they will also teach others and will pioneer new developments and organize research.Trauma to the nervous system provides many opportunities for research, and in the course of this talk I hope to refer to some of these.Students of the nervous system and its diseases are dull indeed if they fail to use their great clinical opportunities to advance knowledge, and the effects of injury are particularly valuable for this purpose.Research on the nervous system, whether concerned with the brain or the peripheral nerve, is a leading challenge to man in the second half of this twentieth century.This is, I think, more appreciated in some other countries than here, and during the past 10 years, for example, research on the nervous system in the U.S.A. has come to be supported most lavishly by national funds.In this country there seems to be something wrong with our research allocations, for the funds of the University Grants Committee, which are supposed to support research related to clinical specialties, rarely reach beyond the insatiable needs of the professorial units.In the U.S.A., on the other hand, the clinical specialties such as orthopaedics and neurology seem
Mathematics and Mathematics: in the media between the arts and sciences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question about interaction and possible dialogue between science and arts gradually appears in the history of Western thought as those who practice trades whose associated knowledge are found in what we could call the border between both territories, they become aware, in Some cases, of the most technological-instrumental character of the objectives of its discipline and, in others, of its sense more related to emotional or "spiritual" aspects of human life. Without pointing to an archeology of such (s) historical process (s), the purpose of this article or presentation is to focus a territory of human intellectual activity that, in my opinion, occupies a very particular position in the sense of lend to that double consideration as science and as art, that is, as guided by techno-instrumental purposes and/or, depending on the cases, for aesthetic order aspirations. I am referring to mathematics. I will try to show by examples taken from history, how in many cases transcendental contributions in this discipline entailed palmarias samples of being guided by criteria of beauty or sense of aesthetic harmony that transcended the requirements of logical or epistemological rigor. In addition, I will mention that the reverse situation is not uncommon: artists looking for beauty or aesthetic harmony in mathematical models or even computational logical resources to inspire or guide their productions.
Immunomodulatory effects of bexarotene on tumor-associated macrophages in patients with mycosis fungoides.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) compose immunosuppressive cancer stroma by various pathways. Since TAMs produce specific chemokines by the stimulation of various factors including drug administration, TAMs could be a target for cancer therapy. As we previously reported, cancer stroma on mycosis fungoides (MF) contains dense deposition of periostin (POSTN) in early stage, whereas the expression of IL-4 is prominent instead of POSTN deposition in advanced stage, leading the different biological behavior of each stage of MF. Bexarotene is a third-generation retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective retinoid, and administered for the treatment for MF though the mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects are diverse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potencies of bexarotene, focusing on its effects on TAMs. As we previously reported, DNA microarray database of macrophages stimulated by POSTN or IL-4 suggested CXCL5 could be a useful marker for early MF, while CCL22 could be for advanced MF. Double immunofluorescence staining of cryosections with combinations of antibodies against CCL22/ CXCL5 and CD163 revealed that CD163 macrophages mainly produce CCL22 and CXCL5. To explore the effects of bexarotene on CD163+ macrophages, we generated CD163+ macrophages from CD14+ PBMC, and co-cultured with or without bexarotene, leading the decrease of mRNA expression and production of CCL22 and CXCL5. Furthermore, the serum CCL22 was decreased by oral administration of bexarotene in patinents with early and advanced MF, while serum CXCL5 is augmented in advanced MF. Our present data suggested that bexarotene modulates chemokine production from TAMs, leading its therapeutic effects in both early and advanced MF.
Productivity, workload, and clinical pharmacists: Definitions matter

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In a recent paper published in AJHP, the authors report weak correlations between both patient acuity (APACHE II score) and complexity of drug regimens, as measured using the medication regimen complexity–intensive care unit (MRC-ICU) score, and the number of pharmacist interventions (used as a surrogate for pharmacist workload) in a sample of critically ill patients.1 The optimal ratio of critical care pharmacists (CCPs) to patients that positively affects patient outcomes, healthcare costs, and CCP well-being is poorly defined, and the importance of work to help move the profession towards this goal has recently been well described.2 However, the research to characterize CCP workload and productivity, and correlating that productivity with meaningful outcomes like patient mortality, ICU length of stay, and total costs of care must conform to well-accepted business principles and definitions to be credible and embraced by those who control access to resources.3,4 In the simplest terms, workload is the amount of work to be done. Three factors contribute to the calculation of workload: tasks to be completed, intensity of effort to complete tasks (can be reflected by time and/or complexity), and frequency.5 Like others, Smith and colleagues1 used the number of interventions as a surrogate for the workload of a CCP; however, this metric does not meet the definition of workload. As used in their paper, it fails to incorporate a measure of intensity of effort, and there is no accurate way of knowing the total frequency with which a pharmacist should be intervening. The number of interventions is also a very incomplete measure of the totality of tasks to be completed, and its use unintentionally suggests that the remainder of the day (ie, time not spent intervening) is not spent working. It can also be argued that number of interventions is an unreliable, reactive measure of tasks (as a component of workload), since in a critical care environment where a CCP is a fully integrated member of the interdisciplinary patient care team that is collectively making most treatment plan decisions and in which the educational and other non–direct patient care activities of the CCP (development of guidelines, protocols, order sets, etc) have effectively changed the culture of drug use in the ICU, the number of reactive interventions should approach zero. In fact, near zero interventions could be a viable measure of the success of the CCP's practice. Other limitations of using interventions are that (1) the typical voluntary reporting process can lead to incomplete data and (2) the complexity and nature of interventions reported are dependent on the level of education, training, and experience of the CCP.3,4,6,7
Teacher Assessment and Moderation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The assessment of the National Curriculum has evolved from the first blueprint of the TGAT Report through a series of policy decisions and early experience of implementation. The pace of change, the complexity of the proposed assessment system and the political rhetoric associated with it have served to confuse and so obscure the trends in policy and practice. This book offers an account of that system and explains why it is now emerging in a substantially different form from that envisaged by its originators.
THE USE OF METHADONE AS A TREATMENT TOOL FOR OPIATE ADDICTS: A TWO‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighty-three per cent of a sample of 116 drug addicts in a Sydney methadone treatment programme were successfully followed up. Methadone was not found to be “the quick cure” for opiate addiction. More than two-thirds were still taking methadone, only 3% had not taken any opiates for six months or longer, and a further 5% had not taken any opiates for less than six months. The remainder (22%) were using illegal opiates either regularly or intermittently, or were in gaol. However, from the employment, crime and social-emotional stability data, it may be concluded that the methadone programme, particularly if adhered to continuously, is “successful”. These findings generally support the findings of overseas studies. The clients, especially those who were still adhering to the programme, felt that methadone was helpful, although there was concern about still being drug-dependent and about side effects.