jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A clinical and immunohistological study of the effects of therapy on the rheumatoid synovium.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Conventional assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relies upon well established clinical and laboratory tests which may not accurately reflect alterations in the inflammatory infiltrates in the diseased synovial membrane (SM). In this study, knee joint needle SM biopsies were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) by an immunoperoxidase method. In disease tissue, synovial lining cell hyperplasia was not accompanied by cell mitoses. Infiltrating cells expressed the leucocyte common antigen (CD45). Many CD3+ T lymphocytes representative of the CD4+ , CD7+ and CD8+ subsets were seen (usually aggregated around blood vessels), interspersed with CD22+ B lymphocytes. CD4+ cells of the suppressor inducer phenotype were either scanty or absent. Macrophages were found within the lymphoid aggregates and sometimes in isolation. HLA class II antigen expression was widespread (HLA DR&gt; DQ&gt; DP) and found upon lymphocytes, macrophages and other accessor cells, and often interstitially. Vascular endothelium occasionally expressed DR but not DQ or DP. Many of the SM CD7+ lymphocytes expressed HLA DR suggesting activation. HLA DR was less frequently expressed on CD8+ cells. In order to determine the effect of anti-rheumatic drugs upon the SM, changes in SM cell populations were followed in four groups of patients with active RA, over a six months period. In the first group, after the initiation of gold or penicillamine, there was a marked reduction in the SM inflammatory cell infiltrate, in particular reductions of CD7+ and CD4+ cells. Expression of HLA DR and the transferrin receptor were reduced. Throughout the study, CD4+ suppressor inducer cells remained few or absent. In the second group who were well established upon either gold, penicillamine, or hydroxychloroquine, similar SM inflammatory infiltrates were seen as for Group I, but there were no changes in the overall cell infiltrate or HLA class II expression at the end of the six months period. The same was true for the third group who were receiving a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug only, and for the fourth group who had refractory RA and received intravenous methylprednisolone + /- intravenous cyclophosphamide. Needle synovial biopsy of the knee joint, in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase method and a simple scoring system is a useful means of assessing the effect of gold and penicillamine therapy in RA.</p>
Leisure as Catalyst for Social Justice: Transforming the Political

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay pursues the central question, "How should human beings engage decision-making that serves social justice in the public domain?" The short answer involves engaging intentional decision making where we take the other into consideration; setting aside or suspending our own needs, desires, and judgments until we are able to understand and comprehend the matter that has come before us; and being open to learning something new. This kind of intentionality requires wonder and communicative humility. Both wonder and communicative humility are communicative coordinates of an intentionality that is necessary in the development of social justice in social and political contexts. Action engaged through these coordinates of intentionality begins from a contemplative spirit. To develop an understanding of these coordinates more thoroughly, I offer my perspective of leisure as a philosophy of communication that is ethically tied to the other and social justice in the public domain.
Tissue Distribution and Mitochondrial Localization of Human Thioredoxin 2 (hTrx2) in transgenic mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Trx2 is a critical regulator of cell survival and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. In vitro studies show overexpression of Trx2 confers an increase in mitochondria membrane potential and resistance to apoptosis induced by peroxides and etoposide. Knockdown of Trx2 expression results in apoptosis. Knockout Trx2 mice died in early embryonic development. To gain further insight into the roles of Trx2 in vivo, we established hTrx2 transgenic mouse model with hTrx2 expression under a CAG promoter. A C‐terminal V5 epitope tag was included to aid the detection of the transgene product. In all 3 founder lines that were generated, high expression of hTrx2 was observed in heart, pancreas, and skeletal muscle, while the expression in brain, lung and kidney were lower. This tissue distribution quantitatively differed from that of endogenous mouse Trx2 and cytochrome c. Western blot analyses of extracts from isolated mitochondria of liver, heart and skeletal muscle showed that hTrx2 was expressed in mitochondria in a processed form with removal of MLS. Thus, the hTrx2 was expressed in the mice as the mature form localized in mitochondria. Quantification of mRNA level by real‐time PCR showed that mRNA distribution did not correlate with the protein expression. These results indicate that mechanism other than transcription control hTrx2 expression. The results indicate that this transgenic mouse model will provide a useful way to observe the function of Trx2 in normal and pathological processes.
Pamperis Heimlich 1959

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pamperis Heimlich, 1959 Type species: Pamperis poaoeneis Heimlich, 1959 Diagnosis. A dark gray butterfly with no forewing ocelli, and extremely aberrant wing venation. Forewing R1 has a separate origin at the anterior end of the discal cell and fuses with the subcosta, while the remaining radial veins branch as follows; R5, R2, R3+R4. in the hindwing, vein A3 is absent. Remarks. In the original description, Heimlich associated Pamperis poaoeneis with Cosmosatyrus, but he considered the resemblance insufficient for placing in that genus, and created the monotypic genus Pamperis for this unusual species based primarily on peculiarities in the wing venation. Miller (1968) further set Pamperis poaoeneis apart as a genus of uncertain position, again due to its unusual venation, noting that "the veins in the apical portion of the forewing are arranged like no known satyrid." Pyrcz & Wojtusiak (2010) synonymized Pamperis with Argyrophorus, but noted its unusual venation, the absence of an M1-M2 ventral forewing ocellus, and antennae only partially covered in scales as features that set it apart: in other words, it is very little like Argyrophorus at all. Miller (1968) also noted, "Until these structures, as well as others not considered in the original description, have been studied, it will be quite impossible to assign this genus to its proper position among the Satyridae." Molecular data confirm what morphology suggests: that Pamperis poaoeneis is distinct from Argyrophorus or any other taxon. Pamperis, then, remains a valid monotypic genus.
Three-Dimensional Imaging-Guided Lung Anatomic Segmentectomy: A Single-Center Preliminary Experiment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objectives: VATS segmentectomy has been proven to be effective in the treatment of stage I NSCLC, but its technical complexity remains one of the most challenging aspects for thoracic surgeons. Furthermore, 3D-CT reconstruction images can help in planning and performing surgical procedures. In this paper, we present our personal experience of 11 VATS anatomical resections performed after accurate pre-operative planning with 3D reconstructions. Materials and methods: A 3D virtual model of the lungs, airways, and vasculature was obtained, starting from a 1.25 mm 3-phase contrast CT scan, and the original images were used for the semi-automatic segmentation of the lung parenchyma, airways, and tumor. Results: Six males and five females were included in this study. The median diameter of the pulmonary lesion at the pre-operative chest CT scan was 20 mm. The surgical indication was confirmed in seven patients: in three cases, a lobectomy, instead of a segmentectomy, was needed due to intraoperative findings of nodal metastasis. Meanwhile, only in one case, we performed a lobectomy because of inadequate surgical resection margins. Skin-to-skin operative average time was 142 (IQR 1-3 105–182.5) min. The median post-operative stay was 6 (IQR 1-3 3.5–7) days. The mean value of the closest surgical margin was 13.7 mm. Conclusion: Image-guided reconstructions are a useful tool for surgeons to perform complex resections in order to spare healthy parenchyma and to ensure disease-free margins. Nevertheless, human skill and surgeon experience still remain fundamental for the final decisions regarding the proper resection to perform.
A Review on Phytoconstituents of Ocimum (Tulsi)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Uno de los elementos que, aparentemente, más diferencian a los sistemas jurídicos continentales de los de la órbita del common law, es que los primeros parten de un sistema de responsabilidad contractual basado en la culpa mientas que los segundos lo hacen de uno de responsabilidad objetiva (strict liability). La realidad es que a lo largo de los últimos ciento cincuenta años se ha producido un progresivo acercamiento entre ambos sistemas: el Derecho anglosajón ha ido admitiendo causas de exoneración del deber de indemnizar cada vez con más amplitud, y los derechos continentales han ido hacía una objetivización del concepto de culpa y a la admisión de amplios campos de responsabilidad contractual objetiva. Con todo, siguen existiendo diferencias prácticas, precisamente porque la inversa construcción del supuesto de hecho y de sus excepciones traslada sus efectos a las decisiones de los tribunales. En la búsqueda del criterio legislativamente más adecuado, una perspectiva ética parece atribuir la primacía al régimen basado en la culpa, por más que modulando el estándar de culpa en función del tipo contractual y compatibilizando el sistema con elementos objetivos. En esa tarea, el camino más correcto puede ser el recurso al principio de utilidad de los contratantes, presente en toda la historia del Derecho continental.
The influence of ovarian hormones on the mucosal proteome of the female genital tract & the implications for HIV susceptibility in women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increased HIV susceptibility has been associated with the progesterone-dominant luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and the use of progesterone-only contraceptives, yet the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we performed mass spectrometry-based analyses of cervicovaginal fluids collected from women with differing ovarian hormone levels as demonstrated by menstrual cycle phase or exogenous progesterone-only contraceptive use. We found that proteins associated with maintaining the integrity of epithelial barrier were enriched during times of high estradiol, whereas during times of high progesterone, there was a loss of barrier integrity proteins and an enrichment of proteins with known roles in inflammatory processes including leukocyte infiltration. Progesterone-based proteomic profiles were also strongly associated with neutrophil signatures with some evidence of CD4+ T cell signatures. This study generates new hypotheses about the potential mechanisms of hormone-associated HIV susceptibility including a weakened epithelial barrier and increased HIV target cell recruitment during times of increased progesterone.
Who Knows? Information Received, and Knowledge about, Cancer, Treatment and Late Effects in a National Cohort of Long-Term Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Knowledge of medical history and late effects is central in modern survivorship management, especially for long-term childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer survivors’ (CAYACS) with long life expectancy rates and high risks of late effects. Identifying information and knowledge gaps is, therefore, important. As part of the population-based NOR-CAYACS study, we investigated the following: (1) written information received about their disease and treatment, and any information about late effects; (2) satisfaction with this information and associated factors; (3) knowledge about late effects and factors associated with low knowledge of specific late effects. Material and methods: A questionnaire-based survey (Nor-CAYACS) was mailed to 5361 CAYACS (childhood cancers, breast and colorectal cancer, acute lymphatic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and malignant melanoma) identified by the Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN). Of these, 2018 answered questions about disease and late effects information and knowledge. Exposure variables were extracted from the questionnaire and CRN. Unfortunately, it was not possible to stratify by treatment in the analyses. We ran descriptive statistics for comparisons and logistic regressions to identify factors associated with outcomes of interest. Results: Overall, 50% to 60% of survivors reported not having received written information about their disease and treatment, or any information about late effects. There was a large variation in reported knowledge across 17 late effects. Lower levels of knowledge were associated with male sex, lower education and poorer health literacy in multivariable regression models. Conclusions: Knowledge of cancer history and risks of late effects is essential for effective self-management, yet significant information and knowledge gaps were reported in this population-based sample of long-term CAYACS. Systematic approaches to making (up-to-date) information available to long-term survivors are needed to ensure that information does not get lost in medical and life transitions.
ADD: Arabic duplicate detector - a duplicate detection data cleansing tool

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. Data mining is a relatively new term; it was introduced in the 1990s. Data mining is the process of extracting useful information from huge amounts of data. It is sometimes referred to as "data discovery" or "knowledge discovery" in databases. What exactly defines useful information depends on the goal that data mining was for in the first place. Useful information can be used to increase revenue and to cut costs. It can also be used for the purpose of research. Advances in hardware and software in the late 1990s made data centralizing possible. Data centralizing is also called "data warehousing" or "data warehouse for the centralized data". With the process of data centralization came a very important issue, the quality of the data that has been centralized, since centralization includes the joining of multiple data sources. The data given as an input for the data mining process should be of high quality in order for the results of the data mining process to be accurate and reliable. Before data could be mined to extract useful information, it goes through a process called data cleansing. This process is as old as the word "data" itself; however, the term regained significance in the 1990s. Data cleansing involves several steps and processes that include one or more algorithms. We address one important step, which is duplicate data detection. We present a duplicate detection method called the efficient k-way sorting method. We also present a tool called Arabic duplicate detection, which is based on our method and is tailored for Arabic data.
LHD NB2arm #123905.4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Development and characterisation of an immunoaffinity column for the selective extraction of methandrostenolone from food and feed samples

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Methandrostenolone (MA) is used as veterinary medicine for promoting food-producing animal growth. Accumulation of MA in a human body would cause multiple side effects. In this study, an anti-MA monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunoaffinity column (IAC) was prepared and its application to the selective extraction of MA from actual samples was evaluated. The employed antibody exhibited good sensitivity and specificity towards MA with an IC50 value of 7.89 ng/mL and less than 1% cross-reactivity towards structurally related compounds. By coupling CNBr-activated Sepharose with the antibody, an IAC was prepared. Two percent methanol and 70% methanol were selected, respectively, as loading and eluting solution by optimisation. The maximum binding capacity of the column for MA reached 4760 ng/mL gel. The average recovery of 50, 250 and 500 ng MA standards from IACs was 88.6% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) among columns of 8.5%. After three times usage, the binding capacity and recovery still remained 93.4% and 81.1%, respectively. To further verify the effect of matrices on the extraction efficiency, the IACs were challenged with MA-fortified animal tissue and feed samples and the recovery were found to be in the range of 78.7%–95.1%.
Asymmetric Electrical Structure in the Mantle Beneath the East Pacific Rise at 17°S

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The magnetotelluric component of the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) Experiment measured the electrical resistivity structure of the mantle beneath the fast-spreading southern East Pacific Rise (EPR). The data reveal an asymmetric resistivity structure, with lower resistivity to the west of the ridge. The uppermost 100 kilometers of mantle immediately to the east of the ridge is consistent with a dry olivine resistivity structure indicating a mantle depleted of melt and volatiles. Mantle resistivities to the west of the ridge are consistent with a low-melt fraction (about 1 to 2 percent interconnected melt) distributed over a broad region and extending to depths of about 150 kilometers. The asymmetry in resistivity structure may be the result of asymmetric spreading rates and a westward migration of the ridge axis and suggests distinct styles of melt formation and delivery in the mantle beneath the two plates.
Dyes from Enzyme-Mediated Oxidation of Aromatic Amines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper characterizes reaction products from the oxidoreductase enzymatic conver sion of aromatic amines to dyes that have an affinity for wool fibers. The dyes are identified with the aid of mass spectrometry, FRIR, 1 H-NMR, combustion analysis, and by comparison of experimental and calculated λ max data. The results of these analyses indicate that the dyes are binuclear and trinuclear aromatic compounds, depending on the number of available coupling sites in the precursor molecules and the number of reactants employed in the coupling step. Pathways associated with this enzyme-induced formation of dyes are proposed that involve a two-electron oxidation of 1.4-diamines to electrophilic diimines.
Risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in asphyxiated newborn infants.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sophisticated or expensive equipment is not necessary for the treatment of HIE patient. HIE depends mainly on adequate and effective supportive strategy. The delivery of high risk pregnancies, under obstetric facilities and with appropriate intervention and with good neonatal resuscitation, may prevent the perinatal asphyxia and thereby minimize the occurring of HIE.
“Thou Art The Thing Itself”: Early Modern Posthumanism In Shakespeare’s King Lear

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent years have seen posthumanism used as a critical term in literary studies, enabling scholars to deconstruct conceptions of anthropocentrism as they appear in humanist thought. Taking the stance that humans have always already been posthuman, this thesis offers a posthumanist criticism of Shakespeare’s King Lear. With its representations of madness and old age, King Lear has long been hailed as an exploration of human nature. I argue, however, that King Lear in fact deconstructs humanist conceptions of the human/nonhuman hierarchy through the use of animal metaphors, and by presenting us with an unaccommodated form of human existence through depictions of Poor Tom. I examine the use of animal metaphorization as a means of subverting the very notion of a human/animal boundary within the play, while highlighting anxieties associated with maintaining the human/animal divide. I then discuss the treatment of Poor Tom as Lear’s specular other. These ideas culminate into a treatment of human embodiment as the limiting factor that must be overcome in order for humanity to finally transcend into the posthuman. By recognizing the inherently primordial state of human embodiment, we can transcend those limitations through the use of technology while minimizing exploitation of our natural surroundings.
Deviant Bodies Resisting Deviant Acts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We are steadily witnessing the appropriation of new communication technologies to facilitate collective organizing and mobilization. As Eltantawy and Wiest (2011) explain, the development of social media creates opportunities for digital- and web-based social movements to change the reality of collective action. Cyberactivists have incorporated a host of tools to facilitate their organizational activities, from staging boycotts, staging public protests, to planning demonstrations (Langman, 2005). The types of new communication technologies that have been used include short messaging services (SMS), social networking sites, and as the text examines, virtual gaming communities. Typically, one would not assume that collective organizing and resistance would take place in a virtual gaming community. But this is exactly where marginalized gamers experience and resist hegemonic inequality every day. Marginalized gamers have utilized the resources available to them in this virtual gaming space to resist oppression at the hands of the default gamer.

Resource mobilization theory emerged during the 1970s as a reaction to collective behavior models that attempted to explain how people with little power were able to organize, resist, and/or challenge those in power (Oberschall, 1973, p. 102). Resource mobilization theories suggest that participants within a movement are rational actors and decision-makers (Calhoun, 1993), and collective behavior should be understood in terms of the logic and costs and benefits as well as opportunities for action (Larana, Johnston, & Gusfiel, 1994, p. 5).

An important assumption within resource mobilization theory is that groups engaged in social movements should have the opportunity to challenge those in power (Jenkins, 1983). Extending this premise further, McCarthy and Zald (1977) recognize that the resource mobilization approach emphasizes both support and constraint of societal forces (what can hurt can also help). It also examines the multitude of resources that could be utilized to support the movement as well as other groups that can aid and assist. Resource mobilization theory also recognizes that movements are dependent upon external support for success. With these factors in mind, resource mobilization theory can aid in the understanding of how social movements emerge and develop and become successful (Melucci, 1989; Tarrow, 1998).