jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crime Watch: Hurricanes and Illegal Activities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We investigate the relationship between hurricane strikes and crime for Jamaica. To this end, we construct hurricane damages and daily recorded criminal activity. Hurricanes are found to significantly increase crime by 35%, where the impact is stronger for more damaging storms, but this only lasts for the duration of the storm. Decomposing crime into its various subtypes, one finds that while aggravated assault, break‐ins, and shooting increase during a hurricane, murders, rapes, and robberies actually decline. The greatest increase is with shootings, whereas the greatest decline is with rape. Crucially, the impact of crime depends on the existence of a storm warning. Our results also show that high frequency data more accurately estimate the impact of hurricanes on crime.
Seismic estimation of casualties and direct economic loss to Byblos city: a contribution to the ‘100 resilient cities’ strategy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Byblos, a Lebanese City, a UNESCO world heritage and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, is a member of the 100 Resilient Cities project. To help mitigate its stresses and chocks, Byblos is implementing its resilience strategy enclosing the five pillars: Connected, Resourceful, Peaceful, Cultural, and Thriving. Since the earthquake threat is not selected in this strategy, this study proposes to complement the 100 RC efforts and aims to urge Byblos Municipality authorities and governmental institutions to act based on concrete results offered, to provide emergency, prevention and recovery plans for the city and to enhance the civil protection. Therefore, first, we present the Byblos resilience strategy, identifying the city stresses and shocks, discussing its seismic threat and presenting complementary measures. Second, we model structural building damage, casualties, and buildings direct economic damage, including structural and nonstructural damage. Finally, results and recommendations are offered for an improved resilience strategy.
Studies on Bioactivities of the Extracts from Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr.Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bois.(Acari:Tetranychidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laboratory trials(28℃、60%~80%RH、16L∶8D) were carried out to evaluate the bioactivities of the water and ethanol extracts from Humulus scandens against Tetranychus cinnabarinus.The results demonstrated that the ethanol extracts from H.scandens had a extremely strong acaricidal efficacy to T.cinnabarinus,showing that the mean mortality of alcohol extract from H.scandens at 80g/L against T.cinnabarinus was 91.11% compared with 51.11% at the condition of water extract.Likewise,the ethanol extract had a repellency to T.cinnabarinus due to 60% of the rate in the repellency tests at 10g/L.Consequently,the effect of the ethanol extract was better than that of the water extract.Similarly,the extracts had a negative influences to egg production of adults of T.Cinnabarinus for the evidence that the oviposition rate were decreased by 62.39% and 47.93%,separately,after treatment of ethanol and water extracts at 10g/L.These results indicate that H.scandens is a potential plant as acaricidal sources for the control of T.Cinnabarinus.
Evaluation of Insulation for Crash Fire Protection of New Flight Recorders

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work performed under this project involved the evaluation of flight recorder insulation arrangements relative to their ability to provide thermal protection for record tapes under conditions of crash fire. The evaluation encompassed fire testing four different types of insulation arrangements in accordance with three different time-temperature fire environments. It was found that a combination of high-temperature insulation and a heat sink material employing water as the heat absorber provided the best protection for the record tapes when exposed to a realistic severe thermal environment.
Systemic Transplantation of Adult Multipotent Stem Cells Prevents Articular Cartilage Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Accelerated Ageing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases of advanced age and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Ageing is a major risk factor for the articular cartilage (AC) degeneration that leads to OA, and the age-related decline in regenerative capacity accelerates OA progression. Here we demonstrate that systemic transplantation of a unique population of adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs), isolated from young wild-type mice, into Zmpste24 - / - mice (a model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a condition marked by accelerated ageing), prevents ageing-related homeostatic decline of AC. Results. MDSPC treatment inhibited expression of cartilage-degrading factors such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-proteinases, whereas pro-regenerative markers associated with cartilage mechanical support and tensile strength, cartilage resilience, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and cartilage growth, were increased. Notably, MDSPC transplantation also increased the expression level of genes known for their key roles in immunomodulation, autophagy, stress resistance, pro-longevity, and telomere protection. Our findings also indicate that MDSPC transplantation increased proteoglycan content by regulating chondrocyte proliferation. Conclusions. Together, these findings demonstrate the ability of systemically transplanted young MDSPCs to preserve a healthy homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration at the molecular and tissue level in progeroid AC. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered multipotent adult stem cells to prevent age-associated AC degeneration.
Journal of Environmental Psycholo T d e

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

res hat s kn ve p the relationship between place attachment and civic activity is mediated by local social capital (neighborhoods ties), and cultural path, consisting of cultural capital and interest in own roots. I also postulated a negative link between place attachment and cultural capital. condition will carry beneficial effects for the person and for Altman (1992, p. 10) wrote ‘‘yplace attachment may contribute to the formation, maintenance, and preservation of the identity of a person, group, or culture. And, it may place attachment. Place attachment is also assumed to be Murray, &amp; Veale, 2000). As such place attachment serves both the individual and larger community. This unconditional ascription of positive functions to ARTICLE IN PRESSplace attachment continues despite counterarguments found in the literature. First there is empirical evidence that throws doubt on the direct positive link between place
Taking the Bull by the Horns: A Mauritian Qualitative Study of the Doctoral Training in French Studies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extant literature reveals that reports of the experiences of humanities doctoral students are relatively rare. In view of examining whether there is a need to review the traditional French studies doctoral training into the New-route PhD to reboot and reinvigorate the field, an inventory of how doctorates were and are still trained was conducted in 2019. An informal interview with five PhD holders, who have completed their PhD in the same field at different universities in France and Mauritius, was done. Two main themes were manually coded during data collection: research community, and doctoral training and career guidance. Despite major amendments over the centuries, the doctoral training for candidates enrolled in this PhD in both France and Mauritius still lags behind and is often accused of being completely irrelevant in solving social issues. In this empirical study, the focus group has enabled us to investigate the support doctoral students have received in order to make learning leaps and develop research and technical skills which can benefit them in or outside academia. Despite the resilience of all respondents to complete their PhD (French studies), it seems that some changes are needed in the field. The role of the university and Education 4.0 is not to simply produce and disseminate knowledge but must also prepare the student to face the labour market and to enable the doctoral candidate achieve what is called “doctorateness”, participate in (inter)-national research community and use advanced technology such as programming languages/artificial intelligence/metaverse/virtual reality among others.
Farmer willingness to pay for herbicide safety characteristics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Microeconomic studies often make two assumptions: 1) producers focus on profit maximization, disregarding "external" environmental and health costs; and 2) producers have full information about their production processes and markets. This study examines whether these assumptions are valid for the herbicide use decisions of Michigan corn growers. It further examines corn growers' willingness to pay for reductions in risk associated with the use of herbicide safety characteristics. The approach used involves a mail survey designed to simulate the market for herbicide formulations described as identical to atrazine except that the "new" herbicide formulations are described as a) not carcinogenic to humans, b) not leachable into groundwater, or c) nontoxic to fish. Respondents were asked a variety of questions about their farms, herbicide use, information sources, and their knowledge and opinions of health and environmental effects of atrazine. A double-hurdle model is used to estimate demand for the "new" formulations. From this, willingness to pay is estimated. As predicted by theory and indicated by previous studies, willingness to pay for risk reductions associated with each of the three safety attributes was positive. Results indicate that mean willingness to pay for source reduction in leaching risk from atrazine is $4.40 per acre for 40 acres and is $4.92 per acre for the carcinogenicity risks. While the average respondent would not demand 40 acres of source reduction in fish toxicity risk from atrazine, mean willingness to pay for 30 acres is $3.92 per acre. For the non-leaching formulation, this result indicates the average respondent would pay a premium of $4.40 cents per acre to purchase 40 acres of an atrazine alternative proven to be non-leaching. As atrazine is typically applied at a cost of $3.00 per acre, these premiums are significant. The range of willingness to pay estimates for the three aspects of health and environmental quality examined by this research suggest that farmers are more concerned about on-farm health and environmental effects than about off-farm effects. For each of the quantities examined here, per acre willingness to pay for reductions in fish toxicity risks was less than that associated with reductions in leaching and carcinogenicity risks. Cancer and leaching are generally on-farm effects, while harmful effects to fish tend to occur "downstream." The mean levels of adoption for the three attributes also confirm this. Over 40 percent of respondents indicated they would use some of the non-leaching and non-carcinogenic attributes, while only 25 percent indicated similar intentions for the fish-safe attribute. The results for the non-leaching attribute allowed testing of the hypothesis that willingness to pay increases with knowledge of the potential of atrazine to leach. The empirical results suggest that average willingness to pay for reductions in the leaching risk from atrazine would increase by approximately 9 percent if all farmers were fully informed of the leaching potential of atrazine.
Growth and Change in Black Minority Enterprise in London

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Peter Wilson is a partner in New Enterprise Development, a small business training and research organisation based in London. Professor John Stanworth is head of the Small Business Unit at the Polytechnic of Central London and Director-General of the Small Business Research Trust. Against a background of growing concern for the welfare of ethnic minority communities in Britain, attention is now firmly focused on the opportunities for business development among black groups. Racially motivated recruitment and promotion practices in large organisations restrict employment opportunities for black minorities, increasing the need to seek economic self-reliance through business ownership. This has been a traditional route for disadvantaged minorities. But contemporary economic and social conditions require new solutions to the crisis in which recent immigrant groups find themselves. It is the purpose of this paper to examine recent evidence of change in business ownership in the Asian and Afro- Caribbean communities in London, to compare and contrast their business performance and to identify the determinants of any revealed differentials. The paper concludes with some implications for policy formulation and for business development initiatives.
Comparison of Urodynamic Bladder Dysfunction in Male Patients with Pelvic Organ Malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Bladder dysfunction is a common complication after pelvic cancer treatments (radical pelvic surgery or chemoradiotherapy) that may affect patient satisfaction and quality of life. The aim of this study is to compare urodynamic bladder dysfunction among male patients with different pelvic organ malignancies (POMs). Materials and Methods: Data were collected from male patients with POM undergoing urodynamic studies (UDSs). Patients were stratified into three groups based on the origin of cancer (prostate, bladder, and colorectum). Selected data, including age, clinical tumor staging, lower urinary tract symptoms or acute urinary retention, and the parametric values of UDSs, were compared among the groups. SPSS 17.0.1 for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2007 were used for all statistical analysis. Results: A total of 640 patients with POM from the prostate (40.9%), bladder (33.5%), and colorectum (25.6%) were investigated. Patient age ranged from 39 to 89 years (mean 72.93 ± 9.08 years). In uroflowmetry (525 patients), the maximal urine flow rate was significantly lower in the prostate group (11.49 ± 5.53 ml/s). Cystometrograms (115 patients) showed that the first desire was more sensitive in the bladder group (85.52 ± 49.78 ml). Cystometric capacity was decreased in the prostate group (161.50 ± 94.29 ml); the maximum voiding pressure and compliance were significantly lower in the colorectum group (64.58 ± 50.09 cmH 2 O). Conclusion: Patients with POM may suffer from urination dysfunction. Impaired bladder function is more predominant in the colorectum oncology compared with urological pelvic organ (prostate or bladder) malignancies. Physicians are encouraged to be aware of these urinary complications after POM treatment.
Single-station skip-N2 disease: good prognosis in resected non-small-cell lung cancer (long-term results in skip-N2 disease)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advanced age, not receiving adjuvant therapy and having pN1N2 disease are negative prognostic factors in patients with nodal involvement who underwent curative resection due to NSCLC. The overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of pN1 disease and single-station pN0N2 disease are similar, and they have significantly better survival rates than pN1N2 disease. Based on these results, surgical treatment may be considered an appropriate choice in patients with histopathologically diagnosed single-station skip-N2 disease.
The Brain in Pain: Altered Resting-state EEG in Chronic Pain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chronic pain is a common and severely disabling disease. Yet treatment is often unsatisfactory, and its neural mechanisms are incompletely understood. We used EEG to perform analyses of oscillatory brain activity and brain connectivity in 101 chronic pain patients and a healthy control group of 84 pain-free participants. We observed increased connectivity at theta and gamma frequencies in frontal brain areas and global network reorganization at gamma frequencies in chronic pain patients.
NATALITY AND MORTALITY OF WILD TURKEY POULTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NEW YORK

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Initial nesting success for wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in southwestern New York was 23 percent in 1973 and 42 percent in 1974. In 1974 the juvenal hens were potentially more productive than the adults. Nearly 80 percent of the total hatch was lost by six to eight weeks after hatching in 1974. The greatest poult loss occurred during the first two weeks. Adult hens reared more poults per hen than did the juvenals. Twenty percent annual recruitment is considered enough to sustain the turkey population.
The Egg Yolk Reaction Produced by Several Species of Bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

S ummary . A study of the egg yolk reaction produced by various species of bacteria has shown that it is caused by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens degrade phosphatidylcholine by a series of hydrolytic reactions which are initiated by phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol o ‐acyltransferase. The degradation of phosphatidylcholine results in the formation of a sub‐surface, opaque homogeneous zone around colonies growing on egg yolk agar and a collar of lipid material floating on the surface of egg yolk broth. This reaction may not be shown by all species growing in egg yolk media but it can be demonstrated if enzyme extracts are used.
Effects of active referral combined with a small financial incentive on smoking cessation: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Evidence-based smoking cessation treatments are effective but underutilised, accentuating the need for novel approaches to increase use. This trial investigates the effects of active referral combined with a financial incentive to use smoking cessation services on smoking abstinence among community smokers. Methods and analysis This ongoing study is a two-arm, assessor-blinded, pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial with follow‐ups at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after randomisation. We aim to enrol 1134 daily smokers from 70 community sites (clusters) in Hong Kong. All participants receive Ask, Warn, Advise, Refer, Do-it-again (AWARD) guided advice and a self-help booklet at baseline. Additionally, participants in the intervention group receive an offer of referral to smoking cessation services at baseline and a small financial incentive (HK$300≈US$38) contingent on using any of such services within 3 months. The primary outcomes are bioverified abstinence (exhaled carbon monoxide <4 ppm and salivary cotinine <10 ng/mL) at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes include self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence, smoking reduction rate, quit attempts and the use of smoking cessation services at 3 and 6 months. Intention-to-treat approach and regression models will be used in primary analyses. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (IRB reference number: UW 18-318). The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, and the key findings will be presented at national and international conferences. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT03565796 .
A Novel Powered Nasal Irrigation After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Preliminary Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives We aimed to compare the efficacy of a novel powered irrigation system with that of the manual bottle-squeeze method for postoperative healing after endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS).Subjects and Method In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 29 patients were enrolled for nasal irrigation (NI) with either NOSSHA® (Womens Care Co., Ltd.) powered irrigation system (NOSSHA® group, n=14) or manual irrigation (control group, n=15). Objective findings were evaluated using the modified Lund-Kennedy scores. Subjective outcomes were assessed using the total nasal endoscopic score (TNES), total nasal symptom score (TNSS), visual analog scale (VAS), and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires in each group at baseline, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after ESS. We compared the postoperative changes between both groups.Results The mean TNES of patients were significantly higher in the NOSSHA® group than in the control group (p=0.015); however, the improvement in TNES was achieved 2 weeks earlier in the NOSSHA® group. The improvement in TNES (p<0.001) and TNSS (p<0.001) was statistically significant in both groups. The improvement in QOL was statistically significant in the NOSSHA® (p<0.001) and control group (p=0.007). The improvement in the TNSS and QOL was earlier in the NOSSHA® group by 4 and 7 weeks, respectively; no early improvement occurred in the NOSSHA® group for the VAS score.Conclusion We validated the usefulness of postoperative NI using a powered device, which may be useful for patients who cannot tolerate manual NI.
New Types of Self-Lubricated Thermal Spray Coatings: The Use of Liquid Lubricants in a Metal Matrix

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, wire arc spraying is used to produce coatings in which oil-filled capsules are incorporated in the metal matrix. The coatings were deposited on carbon steel substrates using commercially available Zn-Al and FeNiCr alloy wires. The capsules were injected almost radially toward the substrate using an independent slurry feeder. No signs of degradation were observed during spraying and the coatings were able to keep a low coefficient of friction. Wear tracks produced by the steel ball used for friction testing were examined and volume loss was determined based on wear track profiles.
Assessing the Role of Environmental Factors in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases in Communal Spaces

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Communal spaces provide different facilities for users while they are the primary place for the spread of diseases, especially respiratory. Transmission is possible through human behaviors, the way they communicate with each other and breathe in an environment by airborne pathogenic particles. Experts from various fields have gained valuable experience and achievements regarding how to prevent these diseases by means of environmental factors. Due to the spread of the corona virus in the past years, environmental planners and designers seriously considered the need to review the design and use of spatial components. This study provides a framework for decision making and design of communal spaces based on how environmental components can be effective in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases such as coronavirus and influenza. The research method used in this article is logical reasoning combined with ANP method and focus group discussion. According to the results of this research, indoor air quality plays the most crucial role in preventing the transmission of viruses (contagious respiratory diseases) based on expert groups.