jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does lipoprotein (a) influence the rate of restenosis following balloon dilatation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ZusammenfassungDie perkutane transluminale Koronarangioplastie (PTCA) stellt seit der Einführung durch Grüntzig 1977 [7, 8] ein weltweit zunehmend eingesetztes, etabliertes therapeutisches Verfahren bei der Behandlung höhergradiger Koronarstenosen dar. In den letzten Jahren ist dank verbesserter Kathetermaterialien und zunehmender Erfahrung der Untersucher eine Erweiterung der Indikation und weltweit ein deutlicher Anstieg der Dilatationszahlen zu beobachten. Doch trotz des immensen technischen Fortschrittes ist unverändert von einer den Langzeiterfolg limitierenden konstanten Restenoserate von 25 – 30 % auszugehen, die eine erneute PTCA oder operative Revaskularisierung notwendig macht [6, 12, 14]. Die Beziehungen erhöhter Serumcholesterinwerte, Lipoproteine und Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)-Werte zu der Entwicklung einer koronaren Herzerkrankung dürfen als gesichert gelten [5, 11, 13]. Eine Korrelation zwischen Lipoproteinen und Restenose zeigte sich nicht [1 – 3, 18]. Das Lp(a) ist ein dem Low density lipoprotein (LDL) ähnliches Lipoprotein, bestehend aus dem Apolipoprotein B 100 (Apo B) und dem über eine Disulfidbrücke gebundenen Apolipoprotein(a) (Apo(a)) [16, 20]. Aufgrund der Homologie des Apo(a) zu Plasminogen hemmt das Lp(a) möglicherweise die Fibrinolyse durch kompetitive Hemmung des Plasminogens und des gewebeständigen Plasminogenaktivators [15, 19]. Histochemisch gelang der Nachweis von Apo(a) in humanen Koronararterien und in arteriosklerotisch veränderten Venen-Bypass-Gefäßen [4, 17]. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Abhängigkeit der Restenoserate von erhöhten Lp(a)-Werten zu untersuchen.
Agilent will double oligonucleotide capacity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Agilent Technologies says it will spend $725 million to double its manufacturing capacity for therapeutic nucleic acids, or oligonucleotides. The project is the latest in a round of industry investment responding to fast growth in a market that Agilent currently values at $1 billion per year. The project will add two oligonucleotide manufacturing lines at Agilent's Frederick, Colorado, facility, where a production line announced in 2020 is expected to begin operating later this year. Agilent says shipments from the two new lines will start in 2026. Oligonucleotides are short DNA and RNA molecules that serve as the active ingredients for drugs that target cancer and cardiovascular, rare, and infectious diseases. Agilent says the expansion addresses a growing demand for double-stranded small interfering RNA and antisense RNA molecules, as well as molecules employed in gene-editing technologies. Agilent's news comes on the heels of the purchase by BioSpring, a contract manufacturer of
La ampliación de la iglesia de Aguilar de Codés de acuerdo a la traza de 1546

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the study of the enlargement of the medieval church of the Invention of the Holy Cross of Aguilar de Codes (Navarra) in the 16th century, consisting in the construction of the transept and the apse, temple belonging at that time to the bishopric of Calahorra and La Calzada. The unpublished documents located in the archives have allowed to publish the construction process of the enlargement of the building between the decades 1540 and 1570 through the signed contracts of works, the valuations made and the plan designed in 1546 specifically to undertake such architectural reform. A building where the main stonemasons with a prolific activity in La Rioja and bordering territories took part, as Jorge de Olate, Christopher de Zúñiga and Juan de Lameaja of Biscay, who made the star-shaped vaults of the church with similar designs to those existing in other temples of the Diocese of Calahorra and La Calzada
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome—An 11-Year Longitudinal Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To describe patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), to establish occurrence of NMS, to investigate risk factors of NMS, and to investigate mortality associated with NMS. Method: We conducted a longitudinal register linkage case-control study of NMS. Result: In health care registers covering the period from 1996 to 2007, we identified, among 224 372 patients with organic, psychotic, affective, or neurotic diagnosis, 83 patients with NMS, equivalent to an occurrence of 0.04%. Treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in the 3 months preceding admission increased the NMS risk (OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.96 to 11.10) and also first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) of high potency (OR 23.41; 95% CI 5.29 to 103.61) and mid potency (OR 4.81; 95% CI 1.96 to 11.79), and depot antipsychotics (OR 4.53; 95% CI 1.60 to 12.80). Benzodiazepines (BDZs) also increased the risk of NMS (OR 3.43; 95% CI 1.68 to 12.80). NMS was associated with an increased mortality (HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.98) in patients, compared with sex-, age-, and diagnosis-matched control subjects, but no significant difference in mortality between patients and control subjects was observed after the initial 30 days ( P = 0.27). Conclusions: The occurrence of NMS is low, and the prediction of NMS is difficult. Previous treatment with FGAs, SGAs, and BDZs was identified as a risk factor for developing NMS. NMS increased mortality within 30 days after NMS.
The Bacterial Two-Hybrid System as a Reporter System for Analyzing Protein-Protein Interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION The bacterial two-hybrid system provides a convenient method for rapidly and quantitatively assessing the effect of specific mutations on protein-protein interactions. It is well suited to analyzing series of mutants (e.g., those generated from alanine scanning experiments or comprehensive mutagenesis of DNA-binding sites). The Escherichia coli lacZ gene (encoding β-galactosidase) serves as a reporter gene because its expression is easily measured using a quantitative assay. This protocol describes methods for assessing the interaction of hypothetical proteins X and Y in the bacterial two-hybrid system. Plasmids expressing the hybrid proteins DBD-X and RNAP-Y are constructed. Protein X can be fused either to a monomeric DBD (the zinc finger domain from the Zif268 protein) or to the dimeric bacteriophage λcI repressor protein. Protein Y can be fused either to the monomeric E. coli RNAP ω-subunit or to the dimeric E. coli RNAP α. Plasmids encoding these hybrid proteins are used to transform an appropriate lacZ reporter strain. Quantitative β-galactosidase assays are performed to measure the effect of the two-hybrid proteins on reporter gene expression. Following successful demonstration of X-Y interaction in this system, these protocols can be used to assess the effects of mutations on the interaction of X and Y.
KOHESI LEKSIKAL REPETISI DALAM NOVEL GARIS WAKTU KARYA FIERSA BESARI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Repetition lexical cohesion is the repetition of linguistic units in the form of sounds, syllables, words, or parts of a sentence by considering its substantialexistencein providing emphasis in a discourse with the appropriate context. One type of discourse in which there is the use of repetition of lexical cohesion is the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and types of lexical cohesion in the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data source in this study is the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari, while the data is in the form of fragments of discourse that contain the use of lexical cohesion repetition in the novel Garis Waktu. Data collection techniques are read and noted. The research results obtained are 1) there are three forms of repetition lexical cohesion in the novel Garis Waktu (in the form of words, phrases, and clauses, which function to emphasize the significant lingual units in discourse, clarify information, and maintain the topic being discussed in the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari); 2) There are eight types of repetition lexical cohesion in the novel Garis Waktu, namely, repetition of epizeuxis, tautotes, anaphora, epistrophe, simploke, mesodiplosis, epanalepsis, and anadiplosis, which have the function of beautifying the language of discourse contained in the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari.Keywords: lexical cohesion, repetition, novel Garis Waktu Abstrak Kohesi leksikal repetisi merupakan pengulangan satuan lingual baik berupa bunyi, suku kata, kata, ataupun bagian dari sebuah kalimat yang dianggap penting keberadaannya untuk memberikan tekanan dalam sebuah wacana dengan konteks yang sesuai. Salah satu jenis wacana yang di dalamnya terdapat penggunaan kohesi leksikal repetisi adalah novel Garis Waktu karya Fiersa Besari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan jenis kohesi leksikal dalam novel Garis Waktu karya Fiersa Besari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Garis Waktu karya Fiersa Besari, sedangkan data adalah berupa penggalan wacana yang terdapat penggunaan kohesi leksikal repetisi dalam novel Garis Waktu. Teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu baca dan catat. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, yaitu 1) terdapat tiga bentuk kohesi leksikal repetisi dalam novel Garis Waktu (berbentuk kata, frasa, dan klausa, yang berfungsi untuk menekankan satuan lingual yang penting dalam wacana, memperjelas informasi, serta mempertahankan topik yang sedang dibicarakan dalam novel Garis Waktu karya Fiersa Besari);2) terdapat delapan jenis kohesi leksikal repetisi dalam novel Garis Waktu, yaitu repetisi epizeuksis, tautotes, anafora, epistrofa, simploke, mesodiplosis, epanalepsis, dan anadiplosis, yang mempunyai fungsi untuk memperindah bahasa wacana yang terdapat dalam novel Garis Waktu karya Fiersa Besari. Kata-kata kunci: kohesi leksikal, repetisi, novel Garis Waktu
OC-110 Single center experience of groove pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a form of chronic segmental pancreatitis. Due to increased awareness of the condition, a greater number of cases have been reported in recent years. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous, with abdominal pain and gastric outlet obstruction considered the most common, and can mimic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Most of the published literature is represented by small series. Aim of the study is to describe our experience in the management of this condition. Methods From January 2005 to December 2011, 47 patients with GP were treated in our Unit. 33 males (M:F=2.3:1); mean age was 50 (31–84), average number of hospital admissions was 4 (0–20), mean hospital stay was 10 days (1–82). Eight patients needed HDU/ICU support. Aetiology was alcohol in 41 (87%) and 13 were abstinent for more than 6 months at last follow-up. Amylase was elevated (3xN) on admission in 22. The most common feature was abdominal pain (n=40, 85%) and 50% (n=20) required daily use of opioids. Gastric outlet obstruction (n=7), jaundice (n=11) and acute renal failure (n=5) were less frequent. Exocrine insufficiency was present in 23 (49%). 13 had a dilated pancreatic duct (>5 mm) and 6 developed portal hypertension. Median follow-up was 34 months. Results There were five deaths, one due to GP. 29 patients were treated conservatively; 11 required enteral feeding. 4 had ERCP and biliary stenting, two of which subsequently underwent biliary reconstruction. One patient had a pancreatic stent and then a Berne's procedure. Endoscopic drainage for pseudocyst (n=2), cholecystectomy (n=6) for sludge/stones, gastric bypass (n=3), Puestow procedure (n=1), Whipple's operation (n=4, two of which later required thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy—TS), TS (n=3), celiac plexus block (n=2) were the other interventions. Overall 28 (66%) patients are well with no or occasional use of analgesia, six patients still experience recurrent hospital admissions and 8 require regular use of analgesia but with improved symptoms. Conclusion The majority of GP is caused by alcohol excess. GP can be effectively treated conservatively and pain (the most common symptom) managed with simple analgesia. Despite good support the majority remain addicted to alcohol. Radical surgery should be reserved for complex cases, as it is not always effective for pain relief, and when there is a diagnostic dilemma. Competing interests None declared.
Heat mapped profiles of combined acyl content (2 acyl chains) of glyco- and phosphoglycerolipids in nitrogen replete and nitrogen deplete <i>Chlorella</i> sp. and <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The assigned values represent the relative proportion of each species normalised to the most prevalent species in each. Values less than 0.01 are not presented.</p>
GROWTH AND ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURED CELLS. VI. THE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS ON NUTRIENT AGAR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Freely suspended cells of a long continuously cultured strain of carrot were dispersed in nutrient agar medium in Petri dishes. After inoculation, cells in randomly chosen fields were photographed at low magnification. The same cells were photographed at intervals over the next 23 days. The fate of 678 units, 24% of which grew visibly, was determined from the photographic record. Cells and units displayed a marked degree of individuality. In some units, there was a progressive increase in cell number; in others, after a few divisions, growth ceased; in still other units, cells enlarged without dividing. Although the evidence of cell division in free cells is conclusive, its incidence and maintenance increased with the size of the initial unit. In general, growth started after an “induction period” of about 5 days, but some cells remained apparently unchanged considerably longer after inoculation, before they started to grow. Although single cells of all sizes were observed to grow by one means or another, it was generally the shorter ones that continued to grow into viable colonies. Elongated cells predominated in the carrot strains used; these grew into colonies first by septation, with little or no over‐all increase in size, followed by a stage of cell enlargement. Growth by both cell enlargement and division then ensued. During growth by septation within single cells, some derived cells were seen to burst and die. The most frequent divisions were observed during septation when the average cell generation time was 24 hr. Lacking the controls that normally operate in the intact plant body, there was much variation in the forms assumed during growth, a number of which are illustrated. The importance of epigenetic factors, or external controls, that determine the growth of cells in the plant body is stressed.
Peer Review #3 of "Hypoxia-induced factor and its role in liver fibrosis (v0.1)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver fibrosis develops due to severe liver damage and is considered a major clinical concern throughout the world.Many factors are crucial for liver fibrosis progression.While advancements have been made to understand this disease, no effective pharmacological drug and treatment strategies have been proved that can effectively prevent liver fibrosis or even could halt the fibrotic process.Most of those advances in curing liver fibrosis have been aimed at mitigating the causes of fibrosis, including the development of potent antivirals to inhibit the hepatitis virus.It is not practical for many individuals; however, a liver transplant becomes the only suitable alternative.A liver transplant is an expensive procedure.Thus, there is a significant need to find potential liver fibrosis targets and develop agents that can effectively treat or reverse liver fibrosis by targeting them.Researchers have found hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the last 16 years as important transcription factors driving several facetssides of liver fibrosis, making them possible therapeutic targets.The latest knowledge on HIFs and their role in liver fibrosis, along with the cell-specific activities of transcription factors that play a role in liver fibrosis progression, is discussed in this review.
Effectiveness of autofluorescence spectroscopy method use in melanocytic dysplasia diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Currently, the issue of early diagnosis of melanocytic dysplasia in pigmented skin lesions as a background condition for melanoma development is still relevant. The problem is not only the difficulty of clinical diagnosis, but also the lack of clear clinical criteria for establishing this diagnosis. Autofluorescence spectroscopy is one of the modern methods of non-invasive diagnosis of tissues’ condition. Objective. To study the main characteristics and features of the autofluorescence skin spectroscopy method, as well as the possibilities of its application in the dysplastic nevus diagnosis. Material and methods. A study of 139 pigmented skin lesions in 122 patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV was conducted. The dermatoscopic index was calculated using an ABCD-algorithm. Godox QTI200 II («Godox Photo Equipment Co. LTD», China) was used for pigmented skin lesions spectrometry. Results. Histological study has revealed the presence of melanocytic dysplasia of various severity in groups of lesions with high rates of autofluorescence, autofluorescence intensity, and autofluorescence contrast ratio, as well as changes in the autofluorescence spectra curves in the form of maximum migration and the appearance of additional autofluorescence maximums. Conclusion. Pigmented lesion, autofluorescence level of which at spectroscopy exceeds a threshold obtained from unchanged skin of more than 45%, should be considered as a pathology with increased proliferative activity and possible malignant potential. Signs of melanocytic dysplasia of varying severity, which is an obligate precancer, are revealed in the histological examination of such pigmented lesions.
UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE REVITALIZATION STRATEGIES IN INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE SCHOOLS IN NORTHWEST AREA OF THE UNITED STATES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The expansion of globalization and the demand to establish one lingua franca for international communication has brought a significant impact on the decline of local languages around the globe. This issue calls for language revitalization programs so that all the Indigenous languages can be passed on to the younger generations. This small-sample-qualitative study describes the strategies used by Indigenous language schools in the Northwest area of the United States and further elaborating on the unique elements of those strategies. Five websites covering the information on Indigenous language school programs in Kalispell, Inchelium, Spokane, Browning, and Arlee were analyzed. In general, schools emphasize the relationality between elders, community, and educational institutions to preserve the language successfully. In addition, technology was utilized to help younger generations access materials more easily. This connection was built through creating listening materials by recording and transcribing the remaining fluent speakers, recording songs and lullabies, introducing Indigenous languages through storybooks, and launching mobile-friendly language apps.
Race/Ethnicity-Specific Disparities in Gallbladder Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Its Impact on Receipt of Curative Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Gallbladder (GB) cancer is a rare malignancy in most countries. Overall survival has improved in all races/ethnicities except for Hispanics and Blacks. There are few publications outlining the race/ethnicity-specific disparities in stage of GB cancer at diagnosis, which reflect disparities in receiving potentially curative therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate race/ethnicity-specific disparities in GB cancer staging and types of treatment. Methods: Using the 2000-2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 18 registries in the United States. Race/ethnicity-specific cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment received among adults with GB cancer were evaluated. Differences in gallbladder cancer stage at presentation, gallbladder cancer treatment methods and number of lymph nodes (LN) examined among race/ethnicity groups were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusting to age, sex and year of diagnosis. Early stage of GB cancer was defined as patients with T1, T2 or T3 and M0 disease, which are amenable for curative surgery. Optimal LN clearance was defined as more than 4 LN examined. Results: A total of 7,507 patients with GV cancer were included in this study. There was no racial disparity in stage of disease at presentation. With regards to disparity in treatment, Blacks were significantly less likely to receive curative surgery compared to Whites in all patients with GB cancer (AOR 0.70, 95%CI 0.59-0.83; P<0.001) and early-stage GB cancer (AOR 0.65, 95%CI 0.53-0.79; P<0.001) (Table 1). Asians were significantly less likely to receive radiation compared to Whites (AOR 1.25, 95%CI 1.01-1.56; P=0.04) (Table 1). There was no racial disparity for treatment in advanced-stage GB cancer. In patients who underwent surgery, Hispanics were significantly less likely to have optimal LN clearance compared to Whites (AOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.47-0.74; P<0.001) (Table 2).Table: Table. Race/ethnicity-specific variations in gallbladder cancer treatment by stage at diagnosisTable: Table. Race/ethnicity-specific variation in number of lymph node examined in patients with gallbladder cancerConclusion: Among US adults with GB cancer, no racial disparity in stage of disease at presentation was noted. However, Blacks, Asians and Hispanics were less likely to receive curative surgery, radiation and optimal LN clearance, respectively.
From One Conservative to Another

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Epistemic conservatism maintains that some beliefs are immediately justified simply because they are believed. The intuitive implausibility of this claim sets the burden of proof against it. Some epistemic conservatives have sought to lessen this burden by limiting its scope, but I show that they cannot remove it entirely. The only hope for epistemic conservativism is to appeal to its theoretical fruit. However, such a defense is undercut by the introduction of phenomenal conservatism, which accomplishes the same work from a more intuitive starting point. Thus, if one opts for conservatism, better to choose the phenomenal kind.