jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Viability of the Use of the Sand Dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata as a Test Organism

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the viability of the use of sand dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata as a test organism in chronic experiments over short durations. For this, the protocol of the CETESB Technical Standard was used, which was designed for the regular sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, using embryos and larvae exposed to four reference toxins, for a 24-hour period. The substances used in the toxicity tests were zinc sulfate, potassium dichromate, copper sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). These substances are normally used to evaluate the relative sensitivity of marine test organisms, and to estimate the precision and reliability of the data produced in the laboratory. The proposed protocol proved to be adequate for its use with the irregular sea urchin M. quinquiesperforata, some modifications being necessary in terms of the validation requirements, due to the low egg production, low fecundation rate, and higher percentage of effect observed in the control flasks. The EC50;24h average for zinc was 50 μm L–1 (VC of 44% for n = 5), for chrome it was 1462 μg L–1 (VC of 25% for a n of 3), for copper it was 10 μg/L–1 (VC of 35% for n = 5) and for SSD it was 2145 μg L–1 (n = 2). M. quinquiesperforata presents a sensitivity similar to species registered by the NBR/ABNT, demonstrating the potential of this Echinodermate for use as a test organism, in cases where it is impossible to use species required by the environmental agencies.
Self-tuning measurement fusion Kalman filter for multisensor systems with companion form

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For multisensor discrete time-invariant systems with the companion form, and unknown model parameters and noise variances, based on the recursive extended least square (RELS) and the correlation method, the strong consistent information fusion estimators of model parameters and noise variances are presented, and then by substituting them into the optimal weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) innovation model, a self-tuning weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter is presented. Furthermore, applying the dynamic error system analysis (DESA) method, it is rigorously proved that the self-tuning fused Kalman filter converges to the optimal fused Kalman filter in a realization, so that it has asymptotically global optimality. A simulation example applied to signal processing shows its effectiveness.
The elimination effects of lavender essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms developed at different temperatures and the induction of VBNC state

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is a typical foodborne pathogen that causes hard-to-treat bacterial infections, mainly due to its ability to form biofilm and enter into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). In this study, we investigated the removal effects of four antimicrobial agents on L. monocytogenes biofilms formed at 32°C and 10°C, analysed the resistances of the mature biofilms to antimicrobial agents, and explored the VBNC state of cells in mature biofilms induced by lavender essential oil (LEO). The results showed that the growth of L. monocytogenes was completely inhibited when 1·6% (v/v) of the LEO was added. Meanwhile, the results of the crystal violet staining and XTT reduction method indicated that different concentrations of LEO significantly reduced L. monocytogenes biofilms biomass and metabolic activities, followed by sodium hypochlorite, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed that the treated biofilms became thinner, the structure was sparse, and the appearance was blurry. More interestingly, L. monocytogenes biofilms developed at 10°C were less susceptible to the sanitizers than those formed at 32°C. In addition, LEO presented a more significant dispersing effect on the biofilm cells, and 1/2 MIC to 4 MIC of LEO could induce fewer VBNC state cells in biofilm and plankton compared with sodium hypochlorite. This study indicated that the LEO could be considered as an ideal antibiofilm agent for controlling L. monocytogenes. But we should pay attention to the resistance of the biofilms developed at low temperatures.
Enhancing Software Code Vulnerability Detection Using GPT-4o and Claude-3.5 Sonnet: A Study on Prompt Engineering Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the efficacy of advanced large language models, specifically GPT-4o, Claude-3.5 Sonnet, and GPT-3.5 Turbo, in detecting software vulnerabilities. Our experiment utilized vulnerable and secure code samples from the NIST Software Assurance Reference Dataset (SARD), focusing on C++, Java, and Python. We employed three distinct prompting techniques as follows: Concise, Tip Setting, and Step-by-Step. The results demonstrate that GPT-4o and Claude-3.5 Sonnet significantly outperform GPT-3.5 Turbo in vulnerability detection. GPT-4o showed the highest improvement with the Step-by-Step prompt, achieving an F1 score of 0.9072. Claude-3.5 Sonnet exhibited consistent high performance across all prompt types, with its Step-by-Step prompt yielding the best overall results (F1 score: 0.8933, AUC: 0.74). In contrast, GPT-3.5 Turbo showed minimal performance changes across prompts, with the Tip Setting prompt performing best (AUC: 0.65, F1 score: 0.6772), yet significantly lower than the other models. Our findings highlight the potential of advanced models in enhancing software security and underscore the importance of prompt engineering in optimizing their performance.
The impact of parental-childhood attachment bonds on stress, anxiety, and depression in adulthood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Attachment bonds between children and parents is an emotional connection which can provide security for children during a developmental period in their lives. Attachment bonds during childhood can be secure, avoidant, anxious or disorganized and have shown to have an effect on mental health in adulthood. The Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) was used to measure attachment bonds between a child and parent. DASS-21 was used to measure current symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Participants were 133 in total. Correlation analysis was used to assess the strength of the relationship between PARQ and DASS-21. Results showed strong correlation between PARQ and anxiety symptoms. In addition, father bonds showed stronger correlation with DASS-21 than mother bonds, indicating that father attachment bonds in childhood have a stronger association with mental health later in life. These results indicate that experiencing rejection in childhood can affect emotional well-being during adulthood and support former studies showing the negative effects that childhood rejection can have on mental well-being in adulthood.; Geðtengsl milli barna og foreldra lýsir ser sem tilfinningaleg tenging sem getur veitt bornum oryggi a mikilvaegu þroskatimabili i lifi þeirra. Geðtengsl geta verið trygg, kviðin forðun, kviðin hofnun eða oskipulogð og oll þessi tengsl hafa sýnt að þau hafa ahrif a andlega heilsu a fullorðinsarum. 133 þatttakendur svoruðu spurningarlista (The Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire PARQ) sem maelir geðtengsl milli barna og foreldra. DASS-21 spurningarlistinn var notaður til að maela nuverandi einkenni þunglyndis, kviða og streitu hja þatttakendum. Fylgnigreining var notuð til að meta styrk tengslanna milli PARQ og kviða einkenna. Niðurstoður sýndu sterka fylgni milli PARQ og kviða einkenna. Að auki sýndu niðurstoður að geðtengsl foðurs hofðu sterkari fylgni við DASS-21 en geðtengsl við moður. Þetta bendir til þess að geðtengsl við foður i barnaesku hafi sterkari tengsl við andlega heilsu seinna a lifsleiðinni. Þessar niðurstoður benda til þess að það að upplifa hofnun i barnaesku getur haft ahrif a andlegan liðan a fullorðinsarum. Þessar niðurstoður styðja fyrri rannsoknir sem hafa sýnt fram a neikvaeð ahrif sem hofnun barna getur haft a andlegan liðan þeirra a fullorðinsarum.
Variation of community weighted means values (CWM) along altitudinal gradient for each functional trait (a-i).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Response of two CWM values along altitudinal gradient: using mean trait value measured for each species across all sites (CWM<sub>f</sub>—open triangles) and mean trait value at each site (CWM<sub>s</sub>—black dots). Trait labels are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118876#pone.0118876.g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>.</p>
Hydroxyapatite-Coated Distal Femoral Replacements

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A custom-designed, hydroxyapatite-coated distal femoral replacement was developed and implanted in five individuals at the authors' hospital. The indications for this type of prosthesis were a multiply failed cemented endoprosthesis in two individuals; a revision of an infected, previously cemented endoprosthesis in another; a primary low-grade sarcoma in a fourth, and a stage III giant cell tumor in the final individual. Mean follow-up time was 3.3 years (range, 2.9-3.5 years). The functional results, based on the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) criteria, were excellent in one patient (20%) and good in four patients (80%). Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores ranged from 25 to 35 (mean, 29.8). No patient had thigh pain. All the femoral components appeared well fixed on radiographic evaluation. These preliminary results indicate that a hydroxyapatite-coated distal femoral replacement may represent a viable alternative to a cemented endoprosthesis for aggressive benign lesions and low-grade sarcomas requiring resection. In addition, it appears to be a viable solution for failed cemented endoprostheses in individuals who have survived their disease.
Spatial Analysis and Mortality Trends Associated with Hypertensive Diseases in the States and Regions of Brazil from 2010 to 2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) represents the most relevant worsening factor and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: To analyze trends in the mortality rate associated with hypertensive diseases in Brazil from 2010 to 2014, for states as well as regions. Methods: An epidemiological study was performed from aggregate data obtained in populational strata. Cartographic data of the Brazilian territory in "shapefile" were provided by IBGE. Records of mortality associated with arterial hypertension were obtained in DATASUS, through notifications filtered by category I.10 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The criterion of statistical significance was a two-tailed p-value < 0.05. Results: The increase in age was progressively associated with an increase in the mean number of deaths related to hypertensive diseases between the years 2010 and 2014. In the age groups between 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years and 80 or more years, the mean and standard deviation for the mortality rate were, respectively: 15.11% (35.35); 24.14% (55.34); 35.07% (81.03) and 57.87% (139.08). The overall mortality rate per 10,000 inhabitants varied between the regions: north (1.25); northeast (2.69); center-west (2.06); southeast (2.48) and south (2.04). Conclusions: The mortality rate associated with hypertensive diseases was higher in the southeastern and northeastern states of Brazil, and remained stable between 2010 and 2014. Increased age and brown color were predictors of higher mortality.
What Shapes Undergraduate Students’ Satisfaction in Unstable Learning Contexts?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates what determinants, and to what extent, they influence students’ satisfaction in unstable learning contexts. Using a national-scaled sample of Vietnamese HEIs with a sound theoretical background, we find that regardless of instabilities from external shocks, the key factors that shape students’ satisfaction are fixed by traditional norms (self-efficacy, infrastructure, lecturer) rather than occasional factors occurring from each event. We find in particular that self-efficacy is the most influential factor for students’ satisfaction and friendship is the most prominent element that enhances students’ self- efficacy. Overall, this paper enriched the literature on student satisfaction, especially during unstable contexts. Thus, it has important implications for educators and HEIs stakeholders in management planning in the time to come.
Retroperitoneal Laparoscope Combine Plasma Electricity Cutting Mirror in Urinary Tract Tumors of the Application of the Operation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of retroperitoneal laparoscopic and urethral resectoscopic nephroureterectomy and bladder sleeve resection for upper urinary transitional cell carcinoma.Methods 18cases of renal pelvic tumorsunderwent excision of bladder cuff with resectoscope at first,and then ret roperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy.Results 18 cases succeeded uneventfully.The operative time was 180-230min,and the estimated blood loss was 120-250mL.The postoperative hospital stay was 8 days.There were no serious complications in perioperative and postoperative period.Conclusions The retroperitoneal laparoscopic and urethral resectoscopic nephroureterectomy and bladder sleeve resection is safe and effective in treatment of upper urinary transitional cell carcinoma,and is worth popularization.
Trapping of a magnetic soliton by modifying the boundary conditions of a synthetic ferrimagnetic superlattice

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the nucleation and propagation of magnetic solitons by modifying the exchange coupling-magnetic anisotropy strength ratio of both the edge layers of a synthetic ferrimagnetic superlattice. The magnetic configurations of the superlattice during a hysteresis loop are investigated using macrospin simulation.
Us against Them: Ideological and Psychological Aspects of Ashurnasirpal II's Campaign against Assyrian Rebels in Ḫalziluḫa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is a study of the rebellion against the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II in the city of Ḫalziluḫa in 882 bc, which is an unusual instance of a rebellion by Assyrians being recorded in the Assyrian royal inscriptions. This paper explores the significance of the rebellion from two angles: the ideological problem of rebellion by Assyrians, and the psychological impact on Assyrian troops of killing their fellow Assyrians. Within the ideology of the royal inscriptions, Assyrians did not normally rebel against the incumbent king, who was in all ways presented as a model ruler. It will be argued that Ashurnasirpal therefore made efforts in his inscriptions to stress that the Assyrian rebels in Ḫalziluḫa inhabited territory that had been lost to Assyria prior to his reign, and had become "de-Assyrianised" and "uncivilised." It will be argued that a similar message was conveyed to the Assyrian soldiers through the ceremonies surrounding the creation of a monument at the source of the River Subnat, and that this message helped the soldiers to "morally disengage" from the act of killing other Assyrians, thus avoiding "moral self-sanctions" for an otherwise morally problematic act.
Increased Dietary Salt Changes Baroreceptor Sensitivity and Intrarenal Renin–Angiotensin System in Goldblatt Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Renovascular hypertension (2-kidney 1-clip model (2K1C)) is characterized by renin–angiotensin system (RAS) activation. Increased Angiotensin II (AngII) leads to sympathoexcitation, oxidative stress, and alterations in sodium and water balance. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a discrete increase in sodium chloride intake in 2K1C rats leads to changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function, oxidative stress, and renin angiotensin aldosterone system. METHODS After 4 weeks of induction of hypertension, rats were fed a normal sodium diet (0.4% NaCl) or a high-sodium diet (2% NaCl) for 2 consecutive weeks. Experiments were carried out for 6 weeks after clipping. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA), arterial baroreflex control of rSNA, and heart rate (HR) were assessed. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and glutathione were measured as indicators of systemic oxidative stress. Angiostensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and angiotensinogen were evaluated in clipped and unclipped kidneys as also urinary angiotensinogen and plasma renin activity. Angiotensinogen, plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 in clipped and unclipped kidneys were evaluated. RESULTS High-sodium diet did not change systemic oxidative stress, and basal values of MAP, HR, or rSNA; however, increased renal (−0.7±0.2 vs. −1.5±0.1 spikes/s/mm Hg) and cardiac (−0.9±0.14 vs. −1.5±0.14 bpm/mm Hg) baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in 2K1C rats. Although there was no alteration in PRA, a high-salt diet significantly decreased urinary angiotensinogen, ACE, and ACE2 expressions in the clipped and unclipped kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Increased arterial baroreceptor control associated with a suppression of the intrarenal RAS in the 2K1C rats on high-salt diet provide a salt-resistant effect on hypertension and sympathoexcitation in renovascular hypertensive rats.
A continuous time tug-of-war game for parabolic $p(x,t)$-Laplace type equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We formulate a stochastic differential game in continuous time that represents the unique viscosity solution to a terminal value problem for a parabolic partial differential equation involving the normalized $p(x,t)$-Laplace operator. Our game is formulated in a way that covers the full range $1
Study on the Influence of Accounting Conservatism on Investment Efficiency—Based on the Perspective of Board Characteristics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper uses the data of Chinese a-share listed companies from 2014 to 2017 to empirically test the influence of accounting conservatism on investment efficiency and the influence of board characteristics on the relationship between them. The study finds that accounting conservatism inhibits over-investment and aggravates under-investment; The relationship between accounting conservatism and excessive investment is significantly affected by the dual posts, the number of board meetings and board compensation incentives. The relationship between accounting conservatism and under-investment is significantly affected by the dual posts and board compensation incentive.
Automatic scratch detection and inpainting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a system for scratch detection using bilateral filter combined with Haar Wavelet Transform. In this system the image is first gray scaled and then bilateral filter is applied for smoothing the image as well as to retain the edges. Then the filtered image is decomposed into sub images using Haar Wavelet Transform. The decomposition of wavelet separates image into an approximated image (smoothed sub image with low frequency details) and a detail image (sub image with high-frequency details). The edge features are usually available in the high-frequency part. As scratches are generally vertical in nature the vertical detail image is alone considered to detect scratches in our work. So in this work the approximation image A and the vertical image V are taken for further processing for finding the maximum possible positions of the scratch pixels. The detection of the scratch is done in two steps. In the first step the maximum possible positions of the vertical scratches are extracted by computing means down the column using the V component. In the second step unsharp masking is used to filter A and V to enhance the edges of the image. The resultant image is converted to the binary image using an experimental threshold. Then using the computed A and V components, the image is reconstructed to get the noise free scratches. The result is further filtered using Wiener filter for removing noise completely and enhancing the resultant scratch. The resultant scratch is inpainted using the existing method in [3]. The results prove that the scratches can be detected effectively using the proposed system irrespective of illumination, color and complex background.
The Afterlives of Post-War Japanese Prime Ministers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite growing interest over the last 20 years in the position and power of the Japanese prime minister, what he does after resigning from this position has been overlooked in the extant literatures in both English and Japanese. This is unfortunate because, to paraphrase former US President Bill Clinton, as an ex-leader "you lose your power but not your influence." This article represents the first attempt to explore what post-war Japanese prime ministers have done after stepping down and what influence they have continued to exert. It does so by providing an empirical overview of the afterlives of Japan's 33 post-war ex-prime ministers before then discussing the benefits and shortcomings of applying the comparative, conceptual literature on the role of former leaders in Western democracies to the specific case of Japan. After providing the necessary justification, it then focuses on three detailed and illuminating case studies of Nakasone Yasuhiro, Murayama Tomiichi and Fukuda Yasuo. It argues that Japanese prime ministers continue to exert influence in several informal ways.
Estimation of li-ion battery state of charge using adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Thanks to their electrochemical structure, batteries are the elements that can store electrical energy and spend on a load when the electrical energy they store is needed. Today, with the widespread use of electrically powered mobile devices, rechargeable batteries have become widespread and battery technologies have developed. With the idea that the latest technology systems and electric vehicles will become widespread in the future, the studies on batteries are increasing day by day. In this study, charge state estimation of Li-ion battery cell used to provide power in many applications was realized by using adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). A Li-ion battery was discharged using variable electrical loads with a battery discharge circuit modeled on MATLAB Simulink and current, voltage, temperature and current power parameters of the battery were selected as input variables. Battery parameters and charge status data obtained from discharge tests using different electrical loads on MATLAB Simulink were used as training and test parameters of neural network. Using the MATLAB ANFIS toolbox, the system was trained with 80% of the battery parameters obtained in the battery discharge experiments and with 20% as testing data, the success performance was interpreted by applying the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system.