jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Why Do Protein Folding Rates Correlate with Metrics of \nNative Topology?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

For almost 15 years, the experimental correlation between protein folding rates and the contact order parameter has been under scrutiny. Here, we use a simple simulation model combined with a native-centric interaction potential to investigate the physical roots of this empirical observation. We simulate a large set of circular permutants, thus eliminating dependencies of the folding rate on other protein properties (e.g. stability). We show that the rate-contact order correlation is a consequence of the fact that, in high contact order structures, the contact order of the transition state ensemble closely mirrors the contact order of the native state. This happens because, in these structures, the native topology is represented \nin the transition state through the formation of a network of tertiary interactions that are distinctively long-ranged.
Seasonal distribution of production of Apennine grasslands described from sward height

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the Apennine region, grassland grazing is at the root of the livestock system. It is essential to
maintain the current level of biodiversity and to create the conditions for the development of the local rural society.
This paper presents a simplified integrated approach between botany and agronomy to characterise the grassland
space-time production pattern, based on the grazed sward height (SH) compared to a reference 28-day cutting
interval, measured on well characterised pastoral facies. In this context, SH proved to be an effective indicator of
herbage productivity, particularly to assess the time-space yield dynamics, which is relevant to rangeland
management. SH measurements are quick and allow the estimate of grassland production on more sampling areas
than destructive methods. This information can be used to support the space-time organisation of infrastructures and
activities in the rangeland, to achieve a sustainable balance between grass production and animal grazing.
TRANSIVITY ON ELON MUSK’S ONLINE BIOGRAPHY:A SOCIAL ACTORS DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research’s content is the analysis of biography texts about Elon Musk taken from four websites by combining SFL’s transitivity and Leeuwen’s social actor representation approach. The aims of this research are (1) to find the portrayal patterns of the social actor using social actor approach, (2) to find the linguistic evidences of the patterns using transitivity, (3) to explain the portrayal of the social actor based on the patterns found, and (4) to compare the results with the context and genre of biography. This research is categorized as a descriptive-qualitative research by using transitivity and Leeuwen’s social actor approach. Spradely’s method of domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural context analysis is used to collect and analyze the data. The data sources for this research are four biography texts about Elon Musk taken from Britannica, BBC, Business Insider, and Investopedia. The research produced several results as follows: (1) various social actor representation patterns are used by the writer to convey their intention and stance in relation with the social actor, (2) the processes contained in the texts are identified by using transitivity, thus providing linguistic evidences, (3) representation patterns that are the most consistently occurring are: activation, passivation (subjection and beneficialization), determination, nomination, functionalisation, and instrumentalisation. These patterns can be deduced as the obligatory patterns in biography texts, and (4) the texts analyzed are relevant with the qualities of a biography text.
Experimental Investigation of the Spiral Structure of a Magnetic Capsule Endoscope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fitting a wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) with a navigation feature can maximize its functional benefits. The rotation of a spiral-type capsule can be converted to translational motion. The study investigated how the spiral structure and rotational speed affected the capsule's translation speed. A hand-held instrument, including two permanent magnets, a stepper motor, a controller and a power supplier, were designed to generate rotational magnetic fields. The surfaces of custom-built permanent magnet rings magnetized radially were mounted in spiral lines with different lead angles and diameters, acting as mock-up capsules. The experimental results demonstrate that the rotational speed of the magnetic field and the spiral have significant effects on the translational speed of a capsule. The spiral line with a larger lead angle and the rotating magnetic field with a higher speed can change the capsule's rotation into a translational motion more efficiently in the intestine.
Social Cognitive Theory Recommendations for Improving Modeling in Adolescent Substance Abuse Prevention Programs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A number of drug prevention researchers have called for a more theoretical approach to program development and evaluation (e.g., MacKinnon, Weber, and Pentz, 1989). Modeling, an important aspect of social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1969, 1977a, 1986a), has accrued empirical support with a variety of populations and problems, and current state-of-the-art prevention programs are mostly social cognitive theory based. However, there are few publications which review specifically how modeling is applied to adolescent substance abuse prevention programs. This paper fills that gap by reviewing theoretical considerations for implementing modeling. A program of research aimed at simultaneously improving modeling in substance abuse prevention programs and providing an applied test of social cognitive theory is recommended.
Measurements of the 21 centimeter Zeeman effect in high-latitude directions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (22) References (11) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Measurements of the 21 Centimeter Zeeman Effect in High-Latitude Directions Verschuur, Gerrit L. Abstract A new series of measurements of the Zeeman effect at 21 cm has been launched using the 140 foot (43 m) telescope of the NRAO. The observations of high-latitude sources reveal tremendous improvement in sensitivity over measurements done in a previous era. The detection of a field of +5.5 μG in the direction of the North Polar Spur, in the H I equivalent of CO cloud 40 of Magnani, Blitz, and Mundy, is reported. Field limits as low as a few microgauss were set in the direction of two very cold H I clouds after only 4 hr of integration. The detection of a field of the order of 7 μG in one of the expanding H I shells observed by Troland and Heiles is confirmed, and the field varies significantly on a scale of 20' (0.6 pc at the shell). The detection of a field in the direction of the Orion region by Heiles and Troland is confirmed in one direction but not in another. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: April 1989 DOI: 10.1086/167284 Bibcode: 1989ApJ...339..163V Keywords: H I Regions; Milky Way Galaxy; Radio Sources (Astronomy); Zeeman Effect; Brightness Distribution; Emission Spectra; Interstellar Magnetic Fields; Orion Constellation; Polarized Radiation; Astrophysics; GALAXIES: THE GALAXY; INTERSTELLAR: MAGNETIC FIELDS; POLARIZATION; RADIO SOURCES: 21 CM RADIATION; ZEEMAN EFFECT full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (10)
Leukocyte Antigen-Related Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor: A Small Ectodomain Isoform Functions as a Homophilic Ligand and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The identities of ligands interacting with protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) receptors to regulate neurite outgrowth remain mainly unknown. Analysis of cDNA and genomic clones encoding the rat leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) PTP receptor predicted a small, approximately 11 kDa ectodomain isoform, designated LARFN5C, containing a novel N terminal followed by a C-terminal segment of the LAR fifth fibronectin type III domain. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of LARFN5C transcripts in brain. Transfection of COS cells with LARFN5C-Fc cDNA resulted in expression of the predicted protein, and Western blot analysis verified expression of approximately 11 kDa LARFN5C protein in vivo and its developmental regulation. Beads coated with rLARFN5C demonstrated aggregation consistent with homophilic binding, and pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that rLARFN5C associates with the LAR receptor. rLARFN5C binding to COS cells was dependent on LAR expression, and rLARFN5C binding to LAR +/+ hippocampal neurons was fivefold greater than that found by using LAR-deficient (-/-) neurons. Substratum-bound rLARFN5C had potent neurite-promoting effects on LAR +/+ neurons, with a fivefold loss in potency with the use of LAR -/- neurons. rLARFN5C in solution at low nanomolar concentrations inhibited neurite outgrowth induced by substratum-bound rLARFN5C, consistent with receptor-based function. These studies suggest that a small ectodomain isoform of a PTP receptor can function as a ligand for the same receptor to promote neurite outgrowth.
Development and Validation of Adherence Score for Subcutaneous Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are currently incorporated as part of the pharmacotherapy management of inflammatory arthritis (IA). Adherence to bDMARDs is crucial to ensure treatment success in IA. However, most of the recent studies evaluated adherence level in patients using subcutaneous injections of bDMARDs utilized the indirect methods adapted from adherence assessment for oral medication. Aim: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess adherence to the self-injectable subcutaneous bDMARDs. Methods: The development of the Subcutaneous bDMARDs Adherence Score (SCADS) involved evaluation of content validity. Literature reviews provide the basis for domain identification and item formation. Four experts evaluated the instrument by using a four-point ordinal scale with a rubric scoring on relevance, importance, and clarity of each item in measuring the overarching construct. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) were calculated. The factor structure and internal consistency reliability of SCADS were estimated using principal component analysis (PCA) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: Both S-CVI/UA (universal agreement) and the average item-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) (average) for the entire instrument showed excellent criteria with a value of >0.90. Cronbach's alpha coefficient value for SCADS was 0.707 indicating good internal consistency. All items showed corrected item-total correlation coefficients above 0.244. Questionnaire items with a factor loading of 0.30 or above were considered in the final factor solution. The factor analysis resulted in 3-factor solutions, which corresponded to 66.62% of the total variance. Conclusion: The SCADS is a consistent and reliable instrument for evaluating adherence among IA patients using the subcutaneous bDMARDs. It is simple to use, yet comprehensive but still requiring further clinical and international validation.
The development of CALL environment on the WWW for teaching academic English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper describes a course supported by a hypermedia language-learning environment, called "AcademicEnglish" based on a communicative language teaching approach, for EFL/ESL academicians to improve their communicative competence in academic contexts, and shows the design and implementation of the courseware in this environment. To support our hypotheses in building such an environment, we conducted a questionnaire survey of the difficulties in academic language learning. Moreover, we have explored the research findings of SLA from the educators' and learners' points of view. The focus is to present our approach in communicative-oriented courseware development. Based on our hypotheses, we built an illustrative prototype system, which intends to allow learning goal communication, learning activity negotiation and collaboration between learners.
AcornHRD: A novel tool to identify homologous recombination deficiency events in whole genome sequencing data.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e15078 Background: Recently, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores are associated with the efficacy of Poly‐(ADP‐Ribose)‐Polymerase (PARP) inhibition and platinum-based chemotherapy in a variety of cancers. Evaluating HRD level in patients with cancers is becoming far more important and influential, so far, there is no standard method to be used in clinical. In this study, we developed an algorithm to detect HRD from next-generation sequencing (NGS) for finding additional patients may potentially benefit from target therapy. Methods: Forty-eight patients were enrolled, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic cancer. Fifteen cell lines with breast cancer and endometrial carcinoma were collected from Cobioer biosciences co., LTD. Forty-eight Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples and 15 cell lines were performed by DNA extracting. We developed an HRD score algorithm, termed as AcornHRD algorithm. HRD score was analyzed by whole-genome sequencing, and GATK mutect2 software was used to detect BRCA1/2mutation by deep sequencing. Results: BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations were observed in 20 patients (41.7%). HRD was explained by deficiencies in 17 patients (85.0%) with BRCA mutation, whereas eight HRD-high tumors were non- BRCA related (28.6%). Among BRCA wild-type patients, the corresponding percentage of HRD positive patients in breast cancer, ovarian cancer and prostate cancer were 36.3%, 37.5% and 11.1%, respectively. Similar results were also verified in the cell line datasets. The findings showed that 100% (3/3) BRCA1/2 deficient cell lines are also HRD-high. Furthermore, HRD scores were highly correlated with standard results in the cell line datasets. Conclusions: We here report the NGS-based HRD scores to distinguish similarly well between BRCA mutant and BRCA wild-type cases in a cohort of Chinese population. AcornHRD scores were highly associated with BRCA1/2 deficiency. AcornHRD algorithm can be a useful tool to detect HRD events in clinical settings.
Omah Cagak Wolu: The Rural Javanese House Architecture In The Cetho Temple Area Of Lawu Mountain, Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The architecture of Javanese houses in the Cetho Temple area is a variant of Javanese rural house architecture that has its uniqueness. Cetho Temple is one of the relics of Hinduism during the end of the Majapahit Empire. The climatic conditions of Mount Lawu and the spatial interaction with the Cetho Temple complex affect the concept of thinking and building Javanese houses and their settlement. The adaptation and adjustment processes that take place from generation to generation produce a typology of rural Javanese houses with local characteristics. This study aims to provide an understanding of the architectural characteristics of rural Javanese houses with a Hindu Javanese cultural background in the Cetho Temple area. The research location is in Cetho Hamlet, Gumeng Village, Jenawi District, Karanganyar Regency. The method of selecting the Javanese house research sample was carried out purposively by considering the typology and age of the house to represent the original character of the settlement. The results of the study found that the Javanese rural house in Cetho Hamlet has the characteristics of eight saka (poles). The Cetho people call it Omah Cagak Wolu. Omah Cagak Wolu is one of the typology variants of Javanese houses that are known around the slopes of Mount Lawu. Omah Cagak Wolu shows the interwoven space and function of a rural Javanese house in the Cetho Temple area. The typology of the Omah Cagak Wolu is a response to the mindset of rural Javanese people who are Hindu and the natural conditions on the slopes of Mount Lawu.
Application of 16-row Spiral CT Angiography in the Preoperative and Postoperative Assessment of Clipped Intracranial Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical value of 16-row spiral CT angiography(CTA) in the preoperative and postoperative assessment of clipped intracranial aneurysms.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with 51 clipped intracranial aneurysms underwent 16-row spiral CT assessment,and the aneurysm shape,size and location,as well as the residual aneurysms and patency of the parent artery after clipping,were assessed with maximum-intensity projections and volume-rendering techniques.Results: 37 aneurysms were saccular in shape,9 irregular and 5 fusiform.The most common location for all the aneurysms was middle cerebral artery(31%),and the second location was posterior communicating artery(29%).The average craniocaudal size was 6.9 mm,the average dome size was 5.5 mm and the average neck size was 3.4 mm.49 aneurysms were treated with a single clip and two with two clips.Three clipped aneurysms with incomplete closure were identified by the 16-slice CTA,and the parent artery could be reliably evaluated close to the clip.Conclusion: 16-slice CTA has high accuracy and clinical value in the preoperative and postoperative diagnosis of clipped intracranial aneurysms,and should become a routine examination of the preoperative and postoperative assessment of clipped aneurysms.
The Development of House Caddie Uniforms Design to Enhance a Golf Course Image

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to develop house caddie uniforms design which reflects the CI and image of 'Golfzon County Sunwoon', a representative golf course in the Honam circle, to enhance a positive image of a golf course and improve house caddies' service quality and their working efficiency. Study methods were as follows. In literature review, the domestic golf industry, golf culture, and house caddie uniforms as one of golf course CI elements were investigated. In empirical study, the formativeness of domestic golf course CI and house caddie uniforms was analyzed. Then, house caddie uniforms were developed using CI which is the symbolic element of a golf course. A concept for uniforms design development was 'Golf & Culture Communication' to symbolically represent an image of IT-based total golf culture club. It was limited to female uniforms design for spring or autumn that is high in application. A symbol and a logo which are symbolic elements of a golf course were freely worn in the form of a brooch. Symbolism and practicality were reinforced using PB(v), R(v), YR(v), and Y(vp) colors only for a golf course. Functionality was improved by using UV protection materials and aesthetics was expressed by reflecting 2014-15 F/W trends.
54. Europe, a Political Whole

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the ways of showing Europe’s unity, in spite of all that makes it diverse, is to underline the way in which it reacts, as one, to certain events, be they happy or tragic—one example would be the impact of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake on thinkers throughout the continent. Here, in 1746, Diego de Torres Villarroel (1693–1770) imagines an allegorical Europe weeping at the death of King Philip V of Spain. Sonnet CLXIII What is this? Clio weeps, her torn hair let down,Wretched, impatient, inc...
Effect of heat stress on cutaneous vascular responses to the initiation of exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To explore further the competition between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator reflexes in the regulation of skin blood flow, responses in forearm blood flow (FBF) to the initiation of supine leg exercise were measured by plethysmography against a background of rising internal temperature. In 17 studies involving six men, skin temperature (Tsk) was controlled with water-perfused suits first at normothermic levels, followed by a 40- to 50-min period during which Tsk was held at 3813;38.5 degrees C. Supine leg exercise at a moderate intensity (100–150 W) was performed for 5–6 min of each 15 min throughout, yielding one period of exercise performed during normothermic conditions and three periods of exercise performed during the period of elevated Tsk. On the average, FBF fell significantly with the beginning of each period of exercise (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, the amount by which FBF fell tended to increase with increasing levels of preexercise FBF. Thus the average fall in FBF associated with the onset of the last period of exercise, 2.45 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1, significantly exceeded the 1.12 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1 fall in FBF seen with onset of work in normothermic conditions. These responses were not due to changes in internal temperature as reflected by esophageal temperatures. However, individual studies occasionally revealed a reduction or abolition of the vasoconstrictor response with the last period of exercise. These findings are in agreement with earlier studies showing a cutaneous participation in the vasoconstrictor responses to exercise but also indicate that sufficient hyperthermia can attenuate or even abolish this response.
Anti‐DNA Virus Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although most of the drugs that are used to treat deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus infections have been on the market for more than 10 years, anti‐DNA virus drug discovery remains an active field of research. There are still DNA viruses that are important human pathogens for which no therapy is available (i.e. adenovirus), for which the available drugs show considerable toxicity (i.e. cytomegalovirus), or for which the current drug therapy is insufficient to eradicate the virus (i.e. hepatitis B virus). In this article, we have provided an overview of the anti‐DNA virus drugs that are presently on the market together with a description of the new compounds, all active against DNA viruses, covering the literature of the past 10 years. We have focused on the structure of newly discovered compounds, and the mechanism of action and clinical data, when available. Although the major efforts are still in the nucleotide antimetabolite field, the anti‐DNA virus field of research and development has shifted recently in the direction of the study of more common heterocyclic structures as protein inhibitors.
The Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory for Hygrothermo-Electromagnetic Effects on Buckling, Vibration and Wave Propagation in Piezoelectromagnetic Nanoplates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is utilized to investigate the thermal buckling, free vibration and wave propagation in smart piezoelectromagnetic nanoplates in hygrothermal environments embedded in an elastic substrate. The main advantage of the NSGT over other continuum theories is that it contains both nonlocal parameter and material length scale parameter. The elastic substrate is modeled as Pasternak foundation model. According to the NSGT and the sinusoidal two-variable shear deformation plate theory, the governing equations of motion are derived involving the material parameters and hygrothermo-electromagnetic effects. The present solutions are checked through comparisons with those presented in the literature. Numerical results show the impacts of the nonlocal and gradient parameters, side-to-thickness ratio, hygrothermo-electromagnetic loads and substrate stiffness on the thermal buckling, frequencies and wave propagation in the smart nanoplates.