jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Figure S5 from GADD45β Loss Ablates Innate Immunosuppression in Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Increased Immune Infiltration, Proinflammatory TAM Activation and Effects of CD8+ T-Cell Depletion in Fibrosarcomas and/or Ovarian Tumours from Gadd45b-/- mice</p>
Catalytic and Molecular Properties of the Quinohemoprotein Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha Strain Bo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase (THFA-DH) from Ralstonia eutropha strain Bo was investigated for its catalytic properties. The apparent k cat / K m and K i values for several substrates were determined using ferricyanide as an artificial electron acceptor. The highest catalytic efficiency was obtained with n -pentanol exhibiting a k cat / K m value of 788 × 10 4 M −1 s −1 . The enzyme showed substrate inhibition kinetics for most of the alcohols and aldehydes investigated. A stereoselective oxidation of chiral alcohols with a varying enantiomeric preference was observed. Initial rate studies using ethanol and acetaldehyde as substrates revealed that a ping-pong mechanism can be assumed for in vitro catalysis of THFA-DH. The gene encoding THFA-DH from R. eutropha strain Bo ( tfaA ) has been cloned and sequenced. The derived amino acid sequence showed an identity of up to 67% to the sequence of various quinoprotein and quinohemoprotein dehydrogenases. A comparison of the deduced sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence previously determined by Edman degradation analysis suggested the presence of a signal sequence of 27 residues. The primary structure of TfaA indicated that the protein has a tertiary structure quite similar to those of other quinoprotein dehydrogenases.
Overexpression of Long Noncoding RNA PTENP1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration via Suppression of miR-19b in Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA PTENP1 in the development of breast cancer (BC). Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine the expression of PTENP1 in tissues and cell lines. pcDNA3.1 and shRNA were used to over- and low-express PTENP1 in BC cell lines, and miR-19b mimic and inhibitor were utilized to over- and low-express miR-19b. Then the abilities of cell survival, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed in BC cells with different expression levels of PTENP1 and miR-19b. The expression of PTENP1 was significantly downregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Overexpressed PTENP1 could significantly increase cell survival, colony forming, migration, and invasion but decrease apoptosis in BC cell lines. However, overexpressed miR-19b performed contrary effects compared with PTENP1 on cell survival, colony forming, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in BC cell lines. miR-19b can be downregulated by PTENP1, and the effect of overexpressed PTENP1 on the PI3k/Akt pathway could be aborted by overexpressed miR-19b. PTENP1 performed a negative role in the development of BC via downregulating miR-19 probably through the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Transfection and Gene-Editing Mediated by Multivalent Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) gene-editing offers exciting new therapeutic possibilities for disease treatment with a genetic etiology such as cancer, cardiovascular, neuronal, and immune disorders. However, its clinical translation is being hampered by the lack of safe, versatile, and effective nonviral delivery systems. Herein we report on the preparation and application of two cationic liposome–DNA systems (i.e., lipoplexes) for CRISPR/Cas9 gene delivery. For that purpose, two types of cationic lipids are used (DOTAP, monovalent, and MVL5, multivalent with +5e nominal charge), along with three types of helper lipids (DOPC, DOPE, and monoolein (GMO)). We demonstrated that plasmids encoding Cas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA), which are typically hard to transfect due to their large size (>9 kb), can be successfully transfected into HEK 293T cells via MVL5-based lipoplexes. In contrast, DOTAP-based lipoplexes resulted in very low transfection rates. MVL5-based lipoplexes presented the ability to escape from lysosomes, which may explain the superior transfection efficiency. Regarding gene editing, MVL5-based lipoplexes achieved promising GFP knockout levels, reaching rates of knockout superior to 35% for charge ratios (+/−) of 10. Despite the knockout efficiency being comparable to that of Lipofectamine 3000® commercial reagent, the non-specific gene knockout is more pronounced in MVL5-based formulations, probably resulting from the considerable cytotoxicity of these formulations. Altogether, these results show that multivalent lipid-based lipoplexes are promising CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid delivery vehicles, which by further optimization and functionalization may become suitable in vivo delivery systems.
$CCS$-normal spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A space $X$ is called $CCS$-normal space if there exist a normal space $Y$ and a bijection $f: X\mapsto Y$ such that $f\lvert_C:C\mapsto f(C)$ is homeomorphism for any cellular-compact subset $C$ of $X$. We discuss about the relations between $C$-normal, $CC$-normal, $Ps$-normal spaces with $CCS$-normal.
Detection of Chaetomium globosum, Ch. cochliodes and Ch. rectangulare during the Diversity Tracking of Mycotoxin-Producing Chaetomium-like Isolates Obtained in Buildings in Finland

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The diversity of Chaetomium-like isolates in buildings in Finland is poorly documented. This paper describes a set of methods for rapid diversity tracking of 42 indoor Chaetomium-like isolates. These isolates were categorized based on their fluorescence emission, ascomatal hair morphology, responses in three bioassays and resistance/sensitivity to the wetting agent Genapol X-080. Thirty-nine toxigenic isolates were identified [Ch. globosum (n = 35), Ch. cochliodes (n = 2) and Ch. rectangulare (n = 2)]. These isolates were identified down to the species level by tef1α gene sequencing. The major toxic substances in the ethanol extracts of the Ch. globosum and Ch. cochliodes strains were chaetoglobosin, chaetoviridin A and C, chaetomugilin D and chaetomin, identified based on HPLC-UV and mass spectrometry data (MS and MS/MS). Ethanol extracts from pure Ch. globosum cultures exhibited a toxicological profile in the boar sperm motility inhibition assay (BSMI), sperm membrane integrity damage assay (SMID) and inhibition of cell proliferation (ICP) assay, similar to that exhibited by pure chaetoglobosin A. Overall, differences in fluorescence, morphology, toxicity profile, mycotoxin production and sensitivity to chemicals were consistent with those in tef1α sequencing results for species identification. The results indicate the presence of Ch. cochliodes and Ch. rectangulare in Finnish buildings, representing a new finding.
Lost in transition : determining HIV prevalence and related vulnerabilities among young people surviving abduction and displacement in post-conflict northern Uganda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Little is known about HIV infection and the related vulnerabilities of young people living in resource-scarce, post-emergency transit camps that are now home to thousands of IDPs following two decades of war in northern Uganda. This population in transition provided a unique opportunity to assess the influence of conflict on HIV infection among young people in post-conflict settings. Methods: In 2010, a cross-sectional demographic and behavioural survey was conducted with a purposively selected sample of 384 transit camp residents aged 15 to 29, in two of Gulu District’s sub-counties. Biological specimens were collected for HIV rapid testing in-field and confirmatory laboratory testing. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors for HIV infection among the sample and stratified by gender. Additionally, a bivariate analysis was conducted comparing HIV risk profiles of former abductees to non-abductees. Results: Of the 384 participants sampled, 192 (50%) were female and 107 (27.9%) were abductees. HIV prevalence was alarmingly high, at 12.8% overall; 15.6% among females; 9.9% among males, and; 12.1% among abductees. Sample sub-groups revealed no significant differences in proportions positive. The strongest predictor of HIV infection among young people was non-consensual sexual debut (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 9.88, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.70, 18.06). Among females, having practiced dry sex was the strongest predictor (AOR: 7.62, 95%CI: 1.56, 16.95), and among males, non-consensual sexual debut was the strongest predictor (AOR: 3.24, 95%CI: 1.37, 7.67). Finally, in bivariate analysis comparing abductees to non-abductees, limited differences in risk profiles were demonstrated. Conclusions: This study sought to fill a lacuna in epidemiological evidence and provide the Ugandan government and NGOs with the data necessary to inform timely and appropriate responses to HIV among young people in post-conflict transition. Study findings serve to recommend a gradual cessation of post-emergency aid and the design of interventions based on well-identified needs rather than circumstantial categorization. Additionally, development of population-specific responses sensitive to local contexts and sufficient to address the underlying causes of complex risk factors influencing the spread of HIV will reach beyond traditional prevention programming in a manner more effectively beneficial to young people in post-conflict settings.
‘Walking my baby back home’ - Policy and Practice in Health Services and Single Parent Families

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The position of single parent families in Australia is examined from a historical perspective, and this is a prelude to a discussion of service provision in maternity hospitals and Baby Health Centres in New South Wales, which are now staffed under the auspices of the Community Health Program. The paper is concerned with issues raised by criteria used to predict child abuse. These criteria are examined from two methodological perspectives; the first applies to the welfare critiques of social control to health service delivery, and the second is an epidemiological critique that notes an extremely high error rate in predicting child abuse at one maternity hospital. Some data from the New South Wales Maternal/Perinatal Statistics Collection on low birthweight and hospital status is used to discuss some implications of this critique related to service delivery and social class of both providers and recipients of health services.
A Comprehensive Review on Arrhythmia Classification using Deep Learning Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

National Conference for doctors of HAL on May 2022 published in its report that, India will record the maximum number of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by 2030 in the world. So its timely detection and cure can save many lives. To detect and classify CVDs, deep learning (DL) methods are widely used. This survey focuses on a variety of DL models applied in various research papers, to find models with higher accuracy in the classification of arrhythmia and other heart-related issues. Here six DL models have been focused namely Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Deep Belief Network (DBN), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) after the review of 23 papers from the year 2018-2022, to find the suitable model for classification task and feature extraction where Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a common input to the every DL model.
A Genome-Wide Scan for Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), a subclinical measure of atherosclerosis, is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. CIMT is also an important predictor of clinical cardiovascular events. To systematically identify the genetic determinants of CIMT, we performed a genome-wide scan using data from 91 2-generation Mexican American families ascertained via a parent with CAD diagnosed. Methods— CIMT was measured in 274 adult offspring (mean age, 34.6 years) using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound; 413 subjects, including adult offspring and their parents, were genotyped using Marshfield screen set 12 (380 microsatellite markers at ≈10-cM interval). Heritability was estimated using the variance component approach implemented in SOLAR. Linkage analyses were performed using both the sib-pair regression approach and the variance component approach. Results— The estimated heritability was 0.68, 0.45, and 0.40 for unadjusted, gender- and age-adjusted, and multivariate-adjusted CIMT, respectively. The strongest evidence of linkage was found on chromosome 2 at D2S2944 (logarithm of the odds [LOD]=3.08). Other suggestive linkages were also found on chromosome 6 at D6S1022 to D6S2410 (LOD=2.21) and chromosome 13 at D13S796 to D13S895 (LOD=1.34). Conclusions— These results show that there is a strong genetic effect on CIMT in these Mexican American CAD families. The linkage peak on chromosome 2 suggests that there is a gene (or genes) at this chromosome location influencing CIMT.
Quasi-bound state in the continuum supported by a compound grating waveguide structure for high-figure-of-merit refractive-index sensing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Herein, we realize quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) in a compound grating waveguide structure with a complex lattice. The first layer of the structure is a grating layer composed of two dielectric ridges with different heights and the same width, while the second layer of the structure is a dielectric waveguide layer supporting the guided mode. As the height difference in two dielectric ridges changes from a non-zero value to zero, the lattice of the structure turns from a complex lattice with the period Λ to a simple lattice with the half of the previous period Λ′=Λ/2. Therefore, the previous excitable odd-order resonant guided modes cannot be excited and become BICs. Assisted by the ultra-high Q factor of the quasi-BIC, we achieve high-performance refractive-index sensing at near-infrared wavelengths. Under the proper design, the optimum sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) reach 676.8 nm/RIU and 9543 RIU−1, respectively. Compared with the reported refractive-index sensors based on surface plasmon polaritons, localized surface plasmon resonances, and Bloch surface waves, the optimum sensitivity achieved in this work reaches the same order of magnitude, while the optimum FoM achieved in this work is one or two orders of magnitude higher. Our work reveals that quasi-BICs would become a powerful competitive mechanism to achieve high-performance refractive-index sensing.
Range Control Charts Revisited: Simpler Tippett-like Formulae, Its Practical Implementation, and the Study of False Alarm

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents simpler alternative formulae and procedures of implementation to deal with the relative range statistic used in the range control chart for process dispersion monitoring. The chart performance is assessed considering false alarm comparison between our exact limits charts versus normal approximated ones, which shows the serious drawbacks of such misplaced control limits. These much simple tools introduced here, we believe, will permit the presentation of R charts more transparently and without unrealistic normal approximations, avoiding the serious limitations of such “ad hoc” practice.
The Influence of Cultural Capital on Student Engagement of Hispanic English Language Learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Students throughout the nation are continually becoming more diverse each year, but the achievement gaps between Hispanic ELLs and Caucasian students continue to stay disproportional (National Center for Education Statistics, 2011). All students deserve access to a well-rounded education that utilizes their individual culture and perspective as a foundation for educational success. However, those students whose first language is other than English face a distinctive challenge. Over the years, Hispanic English Language Learners (ELLs) have been behind their non-Hispanic counterparts in graduation rates. This current research looked at the causes of low student achievement amongst Hispanic ELL students. Specifically, it looked to address cultural capital, access to it, and its effect on student engagement, which results in low academic achievement. This study contributed to the understanding of Hispanic ELLs, perceived through Bourdieu’s (1986) theoretical framework in the context of education. This study provided qualitative data regarding student engagement and cultural capital in an effort to enhance educational goals and to improve school readiness projection for graduation and college opportunities for Hispanic ELLs.
On Pseudo-Umbilical Spacelike Submanifolds in Indefinite Space Form Mn+p p (c)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the present note, first we derive an intrinsic inequality for Pseudo-umbilical spacelike submanifold in an indefinite space form. We use this inequality to show that such submanifold is totally geodesic. In the rest part of this paper, using a result of Aiyama [1], we prove that Pseudo-umbilical spacelike subamnifold is totally umbilical.
Use of the urinary protein creatinine index to assess proteinuria in renal transplant patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The use of 24-h urine protein collections for the assessment of proteinuria in renal transplant patients has been compared with the protein creatinine index (PCI) obtained from spot urine samples. Paired data from 148 patients showed a correlation of 0.77 (P&lt; 0.001) between 24-h protein excretion and the PCI. A PCI of 750 identified proteinuria of &gt; 1.0 g/24 h with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 93%. The predictive value of a positive test was 81% and that of a negative test 96%. Similar performance was observed for the detection of proteinuria of differing severities ranging from 0.5 g/24 h to 2.0 g/24 h. The use of spot testing was popular with both patients and staff, and reduced the sample handling cost to 15% of that of 24-h urine collection. We recommend that PCI be adopted as the standard outpatient test for the assessment of proteinuria following renal transplantation.
Mapping Peptides Correlated with Transmission of Intrasteric Inhibition and Allosteric Activation in Human Cystathionine β-Synthase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cystathionine beta-synthase plays a key role in the intracellular disposal of homocysteine and is the single most common locus of mutations associated with homocystinuria. Elevated levels of homocysteine are correlated with heart disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and neural tube defects. Cystathionine beta-synthase is modular and subjected to complex regulation, but insights into the structural basis of this regulation are lacking. We have employed hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry to map peptides whose motions are correlated with transmission of intrasteric inhibition and allosteric activation. The mass spectrometric data provide an excellent correlation between kinetically and conformationally distinguishable states of the enzyme. We also demonstrate that a pathogenic regulatory domain mutant, D444N, is conformationally locked in one of two states sampled by the wild type enzyme. Our hydrogen exchange data identify surfaces that are potentially involved in the juxtaposition of the regulatory and catalytic domains and form the basis of a docked structural model for the full-length enzyme.
Preferential Trade Agreements, The Metzler Paradox, and Trade Diversion: An Interpretation of the GATT Article XXIV

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Tari ¤ Concessions in a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) are likely to divert trade from non-participating countries. Consequently, their welfare will deteriorate if the tari ¤ rates of the incumbents remain the same. In a general equilibrium framework with multiple goods and multiple regions, this paper clari…es the determinants of the trade diversion. Similarity between the excess supply structures of countries is the key factor in determining the welfare e¤ect on non-participating countries as well as the key condition to precluding the Metzler paradox. Under a certain similarity condition for the excess supply structures among countries, a PTA will erode the welfare of neighboring non-participating countries unless a participating country is a transit port for the commodity whose tari ¤ is reduced. The required tari ¤ rate reduction for the export of a non-participant will be determined by the relative size of the regions separated by the tari ¤ wall. If a participant in a PTA is a transit port or “entrepôt”, then the formation of a PTA will be bene…cial to neighboring countries.
Primary malignant achromic melanoma of the lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Currently, less than thirty cases of primary malignant melanoma of the lung have been reported in the literature. Thus, strict criteria for diagnosis have been published and include: malignant melanoma associated with bronchial epithelial changes; a solitary lung tumor; no prior history of skin, mucous membrane, intestinal or ocular melanoma; and absence of any other detectable tumor at the time of diagnosis. In this article we present a case of melanoma of the lung without evidence of extra‐pulmonary disease.
A morphophonological approach to clipping in English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I will endeavor to define clipping, and see if there are any semantic differences between the multiplicity of terms: “shortening”, “clipping”, “truncations”, etc. I will examine the semantic role of clipping, and try to answer the following question: is clipping a word-formation device? I will mainly focus on the consequences and phonological realizations of clipping in English to show that the phonological regularities in the formation of clipping make it a potential word-formation device, by shedding new light on the tendencies formalizing the study of clipping.
Soviet oil exports : trade adjustments, refining constraints and market behaviour

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This book examines the oil export policy of the Soviet Union, a major non-OPEC supplier to the world petroleum market. The authors consider the significant role played by oil exports in the overall Soviet balance of payments, and discuss the many factors determining the allocation of oil exports among the developed West, the CMEA countries, and the Third World. They also provide an important econometric analysis of the pattern of oil exports to the West. The constraints faced by planners in the exploration, development, and refining sectors of the Soviet oil industry are examined in detail, and the effects of the development of substitute fuels, particularly natural gas, are considered. The study also describes the means by which Soviet foreign trade agencies market crude oil and products to the West, and provides an in-depth analysis of the forward market for Russian gas oil in north-west Europe. Oil industry personnel; consultants; officials of governments and international organizations concerned with the world petroleum market; economists interested in international trade; all those interested in the Soviet Union, its political and economic relationship with the West, eastern Europe, and the Third World.