jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on ptc pile composite foundation with cap in treating expressway soft soil ground

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When cement-soil piles are applied to treat deep soft soil foundation of expressway especially in bridge head section, it is often showed insufficient ability in solving bridge-head jumping problems. In order to increase the pile spacing and decrease cost, the cement-soil piles can be replaced by prestressed tenssion cememt pile(PTC) with cap, which can make full use of the high bearing capacity of the PTC pile.The cap makes the deformation law of the foundation much different from which without cap or cement-soil pile foundation. Based on field test pile and loading experiments, the composite foundation treated by PTC piles with different treatment depth and cushion style is studied. It includes the settlement law in different depth, the differential settlement between the pile and the soil, the contiuous settlement law along the embankment cross section. Experiment and analysis results indicate that, For the effect of the cap and the cushion, the deformation of the reinforced area are more integrated, the stab deformation of the pile with cap was less than 10mm, the pile-soil stress ratio were adjusted efficiently. The variation law of the settlement along cross section presented wave form with little range of the peak and valley values. The variation range of the differential settlement is less than 15mm. The settlement of the substratum can be calculated by the layer-wise summation method, which can meet the request of soft soil ground improvement to the expressway engineering.
Domino Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder/Cyclopropanation Reaction of Diazines Catalyzed by a Bidentate Lewis Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A domino inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA)/cyclopropanation reaction of diazines was discovered by applying electron-rich furans in the bidentate Lewis acid catalyzed IEDDA reaction. This process produces benzonorcaradienes in excellent yields with a low loading of a bidentate Lewis acid catalyst of 2 to 5 mol %. We demonstrate the broad applicability by 20 examples with different dienophiles and a variety of dienes. A detailed mechanism is proposed supported by DFT calculations.
990. Physical properties and chemical constitution. Part XLIV. The electric dipole moments of some dialkyl sulphides, disulphides, sulphoxides, and sulphones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

C. W. N. Cumper, J. F. Read and A. I. Vogel, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 5323 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650005323
Extinction or survival: Selectivity and causes of Phanerozoic crises

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Major Phanerozoic crises, resulting in extinction of marine organisms, are suggested to be the culmination of a gradual process of selection caused by periods of decreasing marine primary productivity. Nutrient deficiencies were the immediate cause of the phytoplankton decrease but changes in the contemporaneous land biota provided the ultimate cause. Five threshold crises resulting from major evolutionary changes are suggested to have each had wide ranging effects on both the physical and organic worlds. Bacterial photosynthesis allowed use of solar energy to fix organic carbon; cyanobacterial oxygen-producing photosynthesis resulted in an oxygenic atmosphere, but required contemporaneous organisms to develop oxygen-mediating enzymes, or inhabit only anoxic areas. The Devonian spread of vascular plants produced a land biomass that retained on land much organic carbon and associated nitrogen and phosphorus, the postulated decrease in transport seaward of such nutrients gradually starving the phytoplankton of a renewed supply to replace that lost to the marine sediments; the resultant decreased productivity caused the Late Devonian invertebrate extinctions. The Carboniferous fern-gymnosperm floras further increased the land biomass, while coals permanently sequestered organic matter, repetition of the Devonian nutrient starvation causing the late Paleozoic marine crisis. By Late Cretaceous, the spread of angiosperm deciduous floras expanded the soil cover, producing another major increase in nutrient retention on land. These land plant innovations progressively led to the present world distribution of organic carbon, over 62% in soil, nearly 17% in land biomass, and 20% dissolved in the oceans, with less than 2% of this carbon and other nutrients occurring in the upper 200 m where it is available for recycling by phytoplankton. The remaining 1% forms the oceanic biomass. Extinctions accompanied periods of temporary but major reductions in nutrient supply. As nutrient levels were replenished or better adapted organisms evolved, diversification occurred. Physical catastrophes, such as meteoric impacts, may have affected selected organisms or local areas, but the timing and selectivity of most extinctions are not compatible with such a sudden event.
[The relationship between the cytogenetic effect of thiophosphamide in different concentrations and the temperature of human lymphocytes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of different concentrations of thiophosphamide on chromosomes of human lymphocytes within 1 hour at the G0 phase under different temperatures was investigated. It is shown that the concentration curves of the effect of thiophosphamide under different temperatures can be described according to the equation: A= =exp [-(KC+alpha)2], X=exp [(KC+alpha)2]-1, where A is the portion of normal cells, X is the number of chromosome breaks per cell, C is the concentration of thiophosphamide, K and alpha are coefficients. The coefficient alpha was shown not to depend on temperature under the action of thiophosphamide on cells. The temperature dependence of the coefficient K can be described according to Arrenius equation: K=A exp [-deltaU/RT]. Proceeding from the experimental data the changes of entropy, free energy and energy of activation of thiophosphamide-chromosome interaction were calculated (deltaS= =18.48 cal-mol-1-degree-1, deltaF310=12897.40 cal-mol-1, deltaU=18626.20 cal-mol-1 for the test "aberrant cells"; deltaS=17.79 cal-mol-1-degree-1, deltaF310=12935.02 cal-mol-1, deltaU= =18449.92 cal-mol-1 for the test "chromosome breaks". These values of thermodynamic potentials show that the reaction of thiophosphamide-chromosome interaction can be of the fermentative nature.
Evaluation of Res-O-Mat T3-Test

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Res-O-Mat T3 test is based on the principle that the sera bound radioisotope is counted after removing free 131I-triiodothyroxine by the adsorption on the ion exchange resin. Therefore the method is antipodal to the 131I-T3 RSU test. The value is given by the ratio of the incorporation of the patient sera to that of the standard sera. The results obtained by authors are as follows: Dispersions of the TBC Index shown by the same kit for different incubation times and temperatures, periods of aging, and amounts of the sample are negligible. Dispersions of the incorporation into the sera are also negligible.The reproducibility shows SD: 0.02 and CV: 2.0 % (N=10) . This test also shows an appreciable correlation with the triosorb test. The reproducibility and manual process of this test are about the same as the triosorb test. But it is one of the merits of this test method that the different measuring conditions including instruments do not affect ect the results because the TBC Index is obtained from the standard sera of each kit. Thus the comparison of data collected by different institutions can by made without difficulty.
Development Co-operation for Private Sector Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This Working Paper provides an analytical framework of development co-operation for private sector development (PSD) and a measurement to capture relevant Official Development Finance (ODF). PSD is defined as development co-operation which addresses relevant policies and institutions, market functioning and enterprise resources. It aims to improve the investment climate and productive capacity of the local private sector—particularly of small- and medium-sized enterprises—including through developing physical infrastructure. The analysis shows that development partners disbursed roughly a third of total ODF each on helping improve the investment climate, productive capacity, and physical infrastructure. For the investment climate, large amounts were allocated to macro-economic stability and public governance. To boost productive capacity, support to financial services – particularly to commercial banks that on-lend to SMEs and investments in equity funds – was particularly high. Finally, for physical infrastructure, about half the ODF went to transport, particularly roads, and a third to energy.
‘An entirely new land’? Italy’s post-war culture and its Fascist past

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scholarship has for decades emphasized the significant continuities in Italian culture and society after Fascism, calling into question the rhetoric of post-war renewal. This article proposes a reassessment of that rhetoric through the analysis of five key metaphors with which Italian intellectuals represented national recovery after 1945: parenthesis, disease, flood, childhood and discovery. While the current critical consensus would lead us to expect a cultural conversation characterized by repression and evasion, an analysis of these five post-war metaphors instead reveals both a penetrating reassessment of Italian culture after Fascism and an earnest adherence to the cause of national revitalization. Foregrounding the interrelation of Italy’s prospects for change and its continuities with Fascism, these metaphors suggest that post-war Italian intellectuals conceived of their country’s hopes for renewal, as well as its connections to the recent past, in terms that transcend the binary division favoured in many historical accounts.
Construction of Chirality-Sorting Optical Force Pairs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Chiral objects are abundant in nature, and although the enantiomers have almost identical physical properties apart from their handedness, they can exhibit significantly different chemical properties and biological functions. This underscores the importance of sorting chiral substances. In this Letter, we demonstrate that chirality-sorting optical force pairs can be inversely generated in a tightly focused Gaussian beam by tailoring the input polarization state. We provide a detailed method for constructing the polarization state of the incident light to create the desired chiral optical field that generates the chirality-sorting optical force pairs. These force pairs precisely trap two opposite enantiomers at distinct predetermined positions within the same equilibrium plane, enabling their simultaneous identification and separation. Notably, the trapping positions and separation distances can be freely adjusted by altering the incident polarization parameters.
Gender Variation in Hermaphrodite Plants: Evidence from Five Species of Alpine Ranunculus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ovule and seed estimates of gender were calculated for a total of 230 plants in populations of the Australian alpine perennial herbs Ranunculus muelleri, R. dissectifolius, R. graniticola, R. millanii and R. niphophilus. The distribution of gender using the two estimates differed. The distribution of gender based on the seed estimates is likely to more accurately reflect the functional gender of the plants, as the amount of seed produced by a plant is the result of all the factors that affected ovule production, as well as any environmental effects that are particular to seed set. Based on the ovule estimates of gender, plants were phenotypically as well as morphologically hermaphrodite, with ovule estimates of gender centred around 0.5 for all five species. However, seed estimates of gender indicate that three species (Ranunculus muelleri, R. dissectifolius and the clonal R. millanii) do not consist of populations of entirely functional hermaphrodites. Rather the distribution of gender in populations of these three species was irregularly bimodal with plants exhibiting a range of genders from non-seeding to functionally hermaphrodite plants. Ranunculus niphophilus populations had an amodal distribution of gender using seed based estimates with plants exhibiting a range of genders from nearly non-seeding to very female. Only in R. graniticola did seed based estimates of gender indicate that plants were functionally as well as phenotypically hermaphrodite. Plant size was correlated with several aspects of gender. In the four non-clonal species (R. muelleri, R. dissectifolius, R. graniticola and R. niphophilus), vegetative plants were smaller than flowering plants. In R. muelleri and R. dissectifolius, smaller plants in the population were unisexual-male. In R. muelleri, size was correlated with gender in bisexual plants, with larger plants being more female. In the clonal R. millanii, non-flowering clumps were less dense than flowering clumps. In this species, the main factor affecting gender was not size/density, but rain, with flooding of the depressions in which it occurs in the second season resulting in large numbers of functionally unisexual-male clumps. Gender was not closely correlated between seasons, although in some populations individuals exhibited some consistency.
Ethanol Extract From the Stem Bark of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) Displays Therapeutic Potential Against Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Pulmonary infection induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming one of the leading causes of respiratory infection worldwide. In recent years, the emergence of hypervirulent and multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae has been strongly associated with pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties of Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae), a medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Methodology Plant extract was obtained by maceration in ethanol. Qualitative chemical analysis of this extract was performed using standard methods. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the extracts alone and their combinations with Augmentin were evaluated using the broth microdilution method through the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). The mechanisms of antibacterial action of the A. digitata extract were evaluated by targeting bacterial ATPases/H+ proton pump function, growth kinetics, outer membrane permeability, dehydrogenase activity, and leakage of nucleic acids. The therapeutic effect of the extract was evaluated in vivo on rats infected through the nasal cavity with K. pneumoniae. Results The phytochemical analysis of the A. digitata stem bark extract showed that it contains flavonoids, phenols, sterols, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, and saponins. The ethanol extract from A. digitata displayed in vitro antibacterial activities with MIC values ranging from 64 to 1024 μg/mL. A. digitata extract also displayed indifference (1 < fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ≤ 4), additive (0.5 < FICI ≤ 1), and synergistic (FICI ≤ 0.5) effects with Augmentin that varied according to the tested bacteria. The plant extract induced changes in the bacterial growth kinetics, permeability of bacterial membranes, leakage of nucleic acids, and the inhibition of the bacterial ATPases/H+ proton pumps. Moreover, A. digitata extract showed to be active in vivo at the doses 5.00 and 9.00 mg/kg on K. pneumoniae-infected rats. Conclusions The findings demonstrate the in vitro antibacterial activity of A. digitata and its therapeutic efficiency against pneumonia induced by K. pneumoniae. Hence, A. digitata can be used for the development of phytomedicines to treat respiratory tract infections, particularly those caused by the tested bacteria. So, further studies are warranted.
An Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This special issue of Pedagogy , titled “Caring From, Caring Through: Pedagogical Responses to Disability” explores the complex dynamics of disability, pedagogy, and care work and thus augments important scholarship on the personal experiences of disabled teachers, on how mental and physical variation shapes classroom encounters, and on parenting disabled children while inside the academy. Different from these conversations, though, this special issue applies disability theory more explicitly to pedagogical techniques and teaching philosophies. Put another way, the issue outlines pedagogical logics, classroom practices, and ethical considerations that might provoke radical institutional change and that testify to the generative symbiosis of lived disability, disability research/scholarship, and disability content/practices in the classroom. The articles in this issue grow out of authors’ situated, embodied knowledges and experiences of caring from or through disability; contributors contemplate what — and how — caring for/with/through disability has taught them about teaching. At the heart of each of these articles lies the belief that our common humanity is evidenced, paradoxically, through diverse human variation. Questions about how to enact in our lives and classrooms a politics that honors, engages, and conserves that variation — a politics of inclusion, equity, and access — motivate the meditations that follow.
A Case Report of Cellulitis Caused by Leclercia adecarboxylata in a Thai Boy: A Common Infection From a Rare Pathogen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leclercia adecarboxylata is a gram-negative bacillus that rarely causes infections in children, especially in Thailand. We report a case of a boy with a wound infection and cellulitis after a punctate injury caused by L. adecarboxylata. A previously healthy 12-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of infected wound and cellulitis on his left sole after a punctate injury in the garden. He experienced recurrent swelling and purulent discharge despite an incision and drainage and a full course of appropriate antibiotics. Plain films of his left foot showed no radiopaque foreign body or evidence of osteomyelitis. L. adecarboxylata was isolated from the wound tissue culture. Incision and drainage followed by a 2-week course of oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was prescribed which resulted in a complete resolution of the lesion. This case emphasizes the significance of identifying L. adecarboxylata as a possible cause of soft tissue infections in Thai children, especially those with a history of puncture wounds. Unusual pathogens should be considered when standard treatments fail to eliminate the infection.
Dopamine-frusemide therapy in acute renal failure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 16 patients with ARF and in three with hepatorenal syndrome we infused dopamine (3 micrograms/kg/min) and frusemide (10-15 mg/kg/day) for 6-24 hours. This treatment produced in all patients a significant diuresis and natriuresis without any modification of blood pressure, pulse rate, and central venous pressure. In three patients with hepatorenal syndrome diuresis was established during dopamine and frusemide infusion, but severe oliguria again reappeared when drug infusion was stopped. This experience suggests that this therapy may avoid fluid overload and hyperkalaemia in oliguric patients reducing the need for dialysis. It is also the first successful approach in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome although its effect is transient.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Drainage of a Mediastinal Abscess Caused by an Ingested Fish Bone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cases of foreign body ingestion are encountered relatively often in clinical settings; however, serious complications are rare. In such cases, mediastinal abscess due to esophageal perforation can become a life-threatening complication. Although highly invasive, surgery is often used as the first-line treatment. We herein report the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with complaints of progressive odynophagia and dysphagia for 2 weeks following a fish meal. Enhanced cervicothoracic computed tomography demonstrated an enhanced round mass with peripheral contrasted margins. The mass was diagnosed as a mediastinal abscess resulting from esophageal perforation caused by a fish bone. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided abscess drainage (EUS-AD) was performed using a nasobiliary drainage tube (NDT). Two weeks later, the abscess had completely disappeared. EUS-AD was safe and effective in this case; furthermore, external drainage using NDT was suitable for this abscess located very close to the upper esophageal sphincter.
Assessing Impacts on Mortality of Lifestyle Factors: Allowing for Model Uncertainty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ongoing debate concerns how many deaths or disease cases are linked to lifestyle-linked (modifiable) factors such as adiposity, smoking and physical activity. This paper considers mortality attributable to modifiable risks using US cohort data from the NHANES III survey, focussing on mortality in a cohort of adults under age 65 at baseline. A piecewise-exponential regression analysis is adopted, with predictor selection, so acknowledging model uncertainty. Attributable risks are estimated using a Bayesian approach, with risks estimated by gender and population sub-groups (ethnic, income). For the cohort considered, smoking has the highest attributable risk, especially for males.
An Interference Study with Different Working Potentials for an Amperometric Glucose Sensor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The correlation between working potential and amperometric response using an amperometric glucose sensor was investigated by amperometry. Influence of some potential interferents including bilirubin, creatinine, and uric acid was studied in real human blood samples. The test strips can provide correct glucose concentration values for an amperometric glucose sensor in the absence of interferents. The influence of interferents with different working potentials from +0.3 V to +0.7 V was considered based on average glucose values and coefficient of variation (CV). It shows low deviation at +0.5 V and +0.7 V for average glucose values and low CV values at +0.4 V for coefficient of variation. Optimization of working potentials can be further considered for various amperometric glucose sensors in the literature by the simple method.
Forever Young? The Desire for Attractiveness and Youthfulness at Advanced Age

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Media and advancement in technology prepared ideal images enhancing many people's desire for being forever young and looking youthful.The present study uses a mixed methods design to investigate body satisfaction and anti-aging behavior in women and men over 50 years of age.The findings indicate that most of the participants (N = 126, 78%) feel younger than they are but also less attractive than the younger sample which leads to a lower level of satisfaction.Results also show differences in participants' health and beauty behavior concerning their perceived attractiveness, their age, and BMI.Participants' most disliked body part is their belly.An age appropriate clothing style also seemed to be important to the sampling.In a society with performance-related demands, even with strange ideal images of aging, the development and maintenance of a positive age identity becomes a great challenge.