jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sexually Abused Youngsters' Reactions Toward Abusive and Nonabusive Parent Figures and Kin

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

At intake, counselors judged 343 sexually abused juveniles' reactions toward the abusive and nonabusive parent figures, and toward other kin collectively. Generally, at all ages, reactions were predominantly negative toward the abuser but were far more positive toward the nonabusive parent and relatives. This pattern held for the entire victim sample and for the subset (n = 212) codable for all three target persons (all ps < .0001). There were no tendencies for victims to “identify with the aggressor” via positive reactions. However, victims more often liked an abuser if a member of the nuclear family than if more remote from the victim (p < .002). Thus, closeness of victim to abuser on a five-step social distance scale (from nuclear family member to nonkin living outside the victim's home) correlated with degree of positive reaction to abusers (ρ = 0.32, r = 0.36; all ps < .0001).
Human Genetics, Psychotropic Drugs, and Acts of Violence

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

From the start of the use of psychoactive prescription medications in the 1950s, physicians reported paradoxical adverse reactions, ranging from newly developing depressions to an increase in existing mood disorders, and extremely violent and bizarre acts of suicide and homicide. In this research, it is hypothesized that the pharmacological properties of the prescribed drugs or the interaction between the drugs and the enzymes that are primarily responsible for their metabolism (cytochrome P450s) could cause these reactions. Given that acts of violence could be medication-induced, the role of the rate of drug metabolism is discussed. Genetic testing of certain CYP450s could be helpful in preventing the emergence of acts of violence. Genotyping is a powerful tool in determining metabolic rates, but there are complicating issues, e.g., substrate specificity, enzyme promiscuity, unreliability of the probe used for phenotesting, phenoconversion, heterogeneity of CYP450 enzyme activity in different organs, and altered sensitivity to inhibition. The best way to estimate the possible metabolic rate is by combining genotyping, phenotyping, and therapeutic drug monitoring, in addition to carefully observing and listening to the patient.\nIn this dissertation, three cases studies are presented in which the combination of variant alleles and psychoactive medication may have led to extreme acts of violence. In addition, a comparative study of violent offenders versus a control group indicates four risk factors for developing an altered emotional state which can develop into acts of violence:\n• More than 4 variant alleles for CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.\n• Three or more prescription medications, especially when an antidepressant or other psychoactive medication is prescribed.\n• An intermediate phenotype for CYP3A4.\n• Fluctuating levels of psychoactive medication in the blood.\nThe guidelines set by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) do not apply in cases of polypharmacy or when there is more than one-drug-one gene interaction involved. An easy-to-use protocol is described that could be used in general practice by prescribing physicians to reduce the risk of dangerous side effects.
Controlling der Supply Chain

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Das Lernzielvon Kapitel E besteht darin, die Bedeutung des Controllings im Supply Chain Management aufzuzeigen. Zum einen wird die Führung durch sein Controlling in festen Intervallen, zum Beispiel im Rahmen vom Monatsabschluß, mit Informationen versorgt. Zum andern muß das Controllingsystem auch Ad-hoc-Abfragen zulassen. Zur Gewährleistung beider Anforderungen dient die Einbindung der Supply Chain Prozesse in ein Planungs-, Steuerungs- und Kontrollsystem.
New Principles of Development of Preparations for Immunoprophylaxis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the development of new vaccine the fate of preparation depends on three main factors: potential to decrease morbidity and benefits from vaccine use; the risk of post vaccinal complications and possible damage from vaccination; the cost of vaccine and economic advantages. By basic parameters, dealing with safety and effectiveness, home immunological preparations, first of all vaccines used in framework of vaccination calendar, meet all the requirements of WHO. However, absolutely safe vaccines don't exist in the world. All the above may be an evidence of the need to find new approaches to the development of more improved vaccines. Gene-engineering technology is a revolutionary event in vaccinology, it made it possible to develop recombinant vaccines, possessing weak reactogenity and sufficient effectivity. Anti-idiotypic vaccines didn't go out the sphere of experimental approaches. Any protein vaccine, being introduced to the body, is undergone to digestion. Forming peptides interact with histocompatibility antigens and acquire immunogenic properties. The development of new class vaccines is based on this principle. Synthetic peptide vaccines are safe and low reactogenic. In spite of a large amount of experimental peptide vaccines, there is no still any vaccine of such a type in the practice of health services. Meanwhile, WHO gave recommendations dealing with development and control of peptide vaccines, suggesting that such vaccines will appear in the next future. The same recommendations were given for so called DNA vaccines.
IMMUNE AND MORPHOLOGICAL PHENOTYPES OF KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-term outcome of kidney transplantation is limited by the development of allograft rejection due to activation and realization of Tand B-cell immune response as well as the effects of other types of immune reactions mediated by various mechanisms. This article is dedicated to nowadays point of view upon the different immune and morphological phenotypes of kidney transplant injury. Main focus is made on the pathways of microvascular inflammation in the case of donor-specific antibodies absence as the unique self-sustained phenotype of the kidney allograft injury.
Long-term motor deficit in brain tumour surgery with preserved intra-operative motor-evoked potentials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Muscle motor-evoked potentials are commonly monitored during brain tumour surgery in motor areas, as these are assumed to reflect the integrity of descending motor pathways, including the corticospinal tract. However, while the loss of muscle motor-evoked potentials at the end of surgery is associated with long-term motor deficits (muscle motor-evoked potential-related deficits), there is increasing evidence that motor deficit can occur despite no change in muscle motor-evoked potentials (muscle motor-evoked potential-unrelated deficits), particularly after surgery of non-primary regions involved in motor control. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of muscle motor-evoked potential-unrelated deficits and to identify the associated brain regions. We retrospectively reviewed 125 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for peri-Rolandic lesions using intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring. Intraoperative changes in muscle motor-evoked potentials were correlated with motor outcome, assessed by the Medical Research Council scale. We performed voxel–lesion–symptom mapping to identify which resected regions were associated with short- and long-term muscle motor-evoked potential-associated motor deficits. Muscle motor-evoked potentials reductions significantly predicted long-term motor deficits. However, in more than half of the patients who experienced long-term deficits (12/22 patients), no muscle motor-evoked potential reduction was reported during surgery. Lesion analysis showed that muscle motor-evoked potential-related long-term motor deficits were associated with direct or ischaemic damage to the corticospinal tract, whereas muscle motor-evoked potential-unrelated deficits occurred when supplementary motor areas were resected in conjunction with dorsal premotor regions and the anterior cingulate. Our results indicate that long-term motor deficits unrelated to the corticospinal tract can occur more often than currently reported. As these deficits cannot be predicted by muscle motor-evoked potentials, a combination of awake and/or novel asleep techniques other than muscle motor-evoked potentials monitoring should be implemented.
Diagnostic Imaging of A2 Pulley Injuries: A Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Injury to the A2 pulley is caused by high eccentric forces on the flexor‐tendon–pulley system. Accurate diagnosis is necessary to identify the most appropriate treatment options. This review summarizes the literature with respect to using ultrasound (US) to diagnose A2 pulley injuries, compares ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, and identifies current knowledge gaps. The results suggest that US should be used as the primary imaging modality given high accuracy, relatively low cost, ease of access, and dynamic imaging capabilities. Manual resistance is beneficial to accentuate bowstringing, but further research is needed to determine best positioning for evaluation.
Genetic associations of human leukocyte antigen alleles in cutaneous delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions: An updated review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cutaneous delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common iatrogenic events with potentially life-threatening consequences. Delayed DHRs encompass diverse phenotypes and can be classified by their distinct T-cell responses to drug antigens. Interaction between the immune receptors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and T-cell receptor (TCR), and the complementary antigenic peptide is required for the development of delayed DHRs. These idiosyncratic interactions can be elicited by the formation of antigenic drug-protein adducts (hapten hypothesis) or from direct interactions of drugs with the immune receptors (pharmacological interaction of drugs with immune receptors concept, altered peptide repertoire model, and altered TCR model). In addition, viral infections may play a role by providing co-stimulatory signals or enhancing TCR/HLA expression on T-cells. The associations of HLA allele polymorphisms and DHRs are phenotype and ethnicityspecific. The discovery of genetic polymorphisms associated with DHRs has provided a strategy to prevent and diagnose potentially life-threatening reactions. Recently, advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, such as the incorporation of whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, enabled the comprehensive detection of susceptibility loci. Several HLA associations have shown clinical utility and cost-effectiveness, such as HLA-B*15:02 (carbamazepine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Han Chinese), HLA-B*58:01 (allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Han Chinese), HLA-B*57:01 (abacavir hypersensitivity reactions in Caucasians), and HLA-B*13:01 (dapsone-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in Han Chinese). Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathogenesis, antigen presentation models, and HLA associations of cutaneous delayed DHRs.
Multiple Regulatory Elements in the Intergenic Region Between the α-Fetoprotein and Albumin Genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three enhancer elements spanning a distance of 7 kilobases have been found at the 5' end of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene. These elements were identified by transient expression assay after the introduction of a modified mouse AFP gene with variable amounts of 5' flanking sequence into a human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2. These regulatory elements function in a position-independent and orientation-independent manner that is typical of enhancers. All three elements will stimulate transcription from the promoter of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. In Hep G2 cells, transcriptional activation from the heterologous promoter was approximately 25- to 50-fold higher than the basal levels obtained in the absence of AFP enhancer elements. In HeLa cells, the increase in thymidine kinase gene transcription varied from 6- to 14-fold, indicating that the enhancer elements exhibit some cell type specificity. Deletion analysis of the region proximal to the AFP transcription initiation site identified an essential region between 85 and 52 bases upstream of the site of initiation of transcription whose removal resulted in almost complete extinction of transcriptional activity. This region, which has been shown to be dispensable for transcription in HeLa cells, defines a second tissue-specific regulatory region in the gene.
Ecclesiastical succession: canon law and compromise in post-conquest England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Les stratégies familiales au Moyen Âge recourent à un vaste éventail de dispositifs destinés à assurer la survie de la famille et du pouvoir qu'elle gère parfois. Mariages, alliances, processus d'adoption même permettent de conserver et d'étendre l'identité familiale, que ce soit sous la forme de la lignée ou de la parenté large; mais ce sont sans doute les stratégies adoptées au moment des successions qui sont les plus cruciales pour la perpétuation des familles. Les études réunies ici tentent de confronter et de comparer les systèmes de succession en vigueur dans les différentes régions d'Occident, de la Russie à l'Irlande, de la Scandinavie à la péninsule Ibérique. Dans le cas des successions princières, elles démontrent que l'étude du principe électoral permet de mieux comprendre, a contrario, ce qui fait la force du sentiment dynastique, jamais absent. Et la comparaison avec d'autres domaines où jouent les processus de succession, qu'il s'agisse de l'Église ou de l'office, vient alimenter des interrogations nouvelles sur les formes du désir de pérennité.
Diabetic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Ineffective for Improving Limb Ischemia Due to Their Impaired Angiogenic Capability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diabetes on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of their angiogenic and therapeutic potential for repairing tissue ischemia. We culture-isolated MSCs from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (D-MSCs) and compared their proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenic effects with those from normal rats (N-MSCs). The angiogenic effects of MSCs were evaluated by real-time PCR, in vitro tube formation assay, and transplantation of the MSCs into a hindlimb ischemia model followed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. The number of MSCs derived from diabetic rats was smaller, and their proliferation rate was slower than N-MSCs. Upon induction of differentiation, the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of D-MSCs were aberrant compared to N-MSCs. The expression of angiogenic factors was lower in D-MSCs than N-MSCs. D-MSCs cocultured with endothelial cells resulted in decreased tube formation compared to N-MSCs. D-MSCs were ineffective to improve hindlimb ischemia and showed lower capillary density and angiogenic gene expression in ischemic limbs than N-MSCs. D-MSCs have defective proliferation and angiogenic activities and are ineffective for repairing hindlimb ischemia. Newer measures are needed before MSCs can be employed as a source for autologous cell therapy.
Minus plastic : applying stages of change to an environmental promotional campaign.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Plastic have much to offer as a modern convenience but if we do not take responsibility in developing proper plastic waste management habits, plastic can have potential harmful effects on the environment. Secondary research revealed the lack of focus on youth attitudes and needs in existing environmental initiatives. [minus]plastic is an environmental public promotional campaign targeted at Singaporean youth aged between 17 and 25 years. The campaign encouraged youth to adopt positive attitudes towards responsible plastic management, recognise the importance of and subsequently adopt the practice of responsible plastic management. The two-month long youth-for-youth campaign is one of Singapore’s pioneering projects on reducing plastic usage. This study utilised Prochaska and DiClemente’s stages of change model (1982) as the overarching theory to study current youth attitudes towards environmental concerns. A pre-post quantitative research design showed that the pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation stages progressed significantly after the campaign. The implications from the study are specialised information must be adapted to the different stages to allow migration to the next stages. With strong presence of Internet culture among Singaporean youth, the online medium was proven effective in altering the attitudes of the target audience. Therefore future environmental campaign targeted at youth could explore this platform to disseminate their messages.
Value Based Conduct Confirmation in BPaaS Configuration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Business Process as a Service (BPaaS) is a cloud-based delivery model that combines business process outsourcing (BPO) with the scalability and flexibility of cloud computing. In BPaaS, organizations outsource specific business processes—such as payroll, customer support, or inventory management—to a cloud service provider. These services are designed for multitenancy, meaning they serve multiple clients simultaneously. By leveraging the cloud, companies gain cost efficiency, access to cutting-edge technologies, and the ability to scale on demand. Essentially, BPaaS streamlines operations, allowing businesses to focus on their core competencies while leaving process management to experts in the cloud. The purpose behind BPaaS is to turn multiple service companies into a corporate process system that can then be provided as its own service to consumers. Naturally, BPaaS providers target common or proven business processes applicable to a broad potential market, or require multiple complex components management. This is attractive for customers, because it offers a cheap, low risk outsource option for integral business activities. Business Process as a Service (BPaaS) is an emerging sort of cloud provider that gives configurable and executable business processes to customers over the internet. As BPaaS is still in early years of research, many open troubles remain managing the configuration of BPaaS builds on regions which include software product strains and configurable commercial enterprise approaches. The problem has concerns to recollect from numerous perspectives, along with the different forms of variable features, constraints among configuration options, and gratifying the necessities supplied by the client. In this method, the system uses temporal logic templates to elicit transactional requirements from customers that the configured carrier ought to adhere to. For formalizing constraints over configuration, feature fashions are used. To manage all these issues at some stage in BPaaS configuration, the system developed a structured approach that applies formal techniques whilst directing customers via specifying transactional necessities and choosing configurable features.
Feedback and Response to Feedback in Teaching Writing to Learners of Arabic or any Second Language: A field report on a pedagogical model1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Most foreign language teachers would probably agree that feedback on their students’ written work is essential, but what that feedback should look like, and how it contributes to the development of second language writing skills is not always clear. This paper presents a pedagogical model for providing feedback and encouraging students’ uptake of feedback for future written work. Developed in Arabic language content courses at the University of Maryland, the model combines feedback on the content of a response paper with feedback on linguistic form. Students are required to engage with the themes of the course in their written work, to solve problems with accuracy noted in their previous papers, and to incorporate new language suggested by the teacher, or noticed in the texts of the course. They then submit a writing improvement report that presents evidence from successive response papers to illustrate how their writing has improved over time. The model can be employed to develop writing skills in any foreign language, and is easily adapted for lower, pre-content levels.
1-Complete semiholomorphic foliations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A semiholomorphic foliations of type (n, d) is a differentiable real manifold X of dimension 2n + d, foliated by complex leaves of complex dimension n. In the present work, we introduce an appropriate notion of pseudoconvexity (and consequently, q-completeness) for such spaces, given by the interplay of the usual pseudoconvexity, along the leaves, and the positivity of the transversal bundle. For 1-complete real analytic semiholomorphic foliations, we obtain a vanishing theorem for the CR cohomology, which we use to show an extension result for CR functions on Levi flat hypersurfaces and an embedding theorem in C^N . In the compact case, we introduce a notion of weak positivity for the transversal bundle, which allows us to construct a real analytic embedding in CP^N .
Responsible Investment Within the Framework of Sustainable Development: A Comparative Constitutional Law Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past few decades, sustainable development (SD) has rapidly spread into domestic legal systems after establishing itself as a norm under international law. It incorporates environmental, economic, social, and governance dimensions. This concept has evolved into a constitutional value that integrates environmental, human rights, and economic dimensions, closely aligned with responsible investing and investment law principles. This resulted in responsible investing, in which the investor should incorporate environmental, social, and governance factors and public values in company and asset management decisions. SD requires a balance between economic growth and ecological protection to ensure that future generations possess both resources and rights to economic development. Investment projects should adhere to principles and obligations that promote balance and integration for sustainable growth. Investment projects should contribute to developing a work environment capable of accommodating significant economic, social, and environmental changes, in addition to their profitability and financial status. The study explores sustainable development as a constitutional value and an international standard, emphasising responsible investment under international and constitutional norms that balance the investor’s right to profit with the host nation’s right to economic advancement. The study examines how law might be used as a regulatory framework in this context. Investors are dedicated to integrating human rights, environmental conservation, social advancement, and effective governance into investment decision-making. Nonetheless, the primary focus remains the comparative constitutional legal viewpoint on responsible investment within sustainable development.
A 2.4-GHz spur-cancelled fractional-n frequency synthesizer with PFD/DAC structure for WSN application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 2.4-GHz wideband fractional-N frequency synthesizer utilizing PFD/DAC structure for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Application is presented. In this synthesizer, hybrid of phase/frequency detector and compensated digital-to-analog converter (PFD/DAC) is utilized to achieve phase noise performance as an integer-N synthesizer. The synthesizer is implemented with wide 400 kHz loop bandwidth and 4 us setting time. The chip occupies 1.9 mm 2 and consumes 16.4 mA at 1.8-V supply.