jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Note on Some Generalized Closed Sets in Bitopological Spaces Associated to Digraphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Many investigations are undergoing of the relationship between topological spaces and graph theory. The aim of this short communication is to study the nature and properties of some generalized closed sets in the bitopological spaces associated to the digraph. In particular, some relations between generalized closed sets in the bitopological spaces associated to the digraph are characterized.
J. C. A. Stagg . Borderlines in Borderlands: James Madison and the Spanish‐American Frontier, 1776–1821.(Lamar Series in Western History.)New Haven : Yale University Press . 2009 . Pp. x, 307. $50.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Historians of the early republic generally embrace the Louisiana Purchase as an unexpected crowning achievement of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. Likewise, the Transcontinental Treaty appears as a successful prelude to James Monroe's December 1823 statement about European non-colonization and American non-interference. James Madison's presidency, sandwiched between those of Jefferson and Monroe, achieved no substantial acquisition of land and has been branded by historians as unsuccessful, and the president incompetent. As president, Madison was neither unsuccessful nor incompetent, yet he did not enjoy the successes of his predecessor or successor for reasons that neither he nor the United States could control. J. C. A. Stagg's study of Madison and the Spanish borderland territories of East Florida, West Florida, and Texas during the early nineteenth century asserts that historians have explained the early stages of Manifest Destiny in a vague and anachronistic fashion. Instead Stagg posits that the phenomenon of Manifest Destiny evolved from the eighteenth-century intellectual concept of American continentalism—a belief that an independent United States would eventually emerge as the successor to the European empires of North America. The articulation of that early stage of Manifest Destiny lay in the first two decades of the nineteenth century and occurred at Spain's expense along the Gulf Coast.
Behavioural treatment of scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A behavioural method of habit reversal, in combination with a hydrocortisone cream, was compared with the use of cream alone in the treatment of 17 patients with atopic dermatitis. The patients were assigned randomly to two groups, one of which received the combination treatment and the other regular ointment treatment. The patients' skin status was assessed before and after treatment, and the patients recorded their scratching during the study. Both groups improved, but the group which received habit-reversal therapy improved significantly more. A strong correlation was found between reduction in scratching and improvement in skin status.
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: resurgence of an old pathogen.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirteen patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) were treated at our hospitals from 1977-1987. Ten of these patients were seen during the last four years. Three patients required operative intervention for management of complications of their disease. This review discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and operative management of GITB. The authors feel that the increasing prevalence of GITB noted in their institution is primarily the result of the growing prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis pneumonia across the nation. With the recent influx of patients from areas of endemic tuberculosis and the increasing number of immunosuppressed patients, a surge in the number of patients presenting with GITB is likely to occur in the United States. Surgeons must be conversant with the diverse clinical features and operative management of this disease.
Study on the molecular resistant mechanisms to quinolones in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study the molecular resistant mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to quinolones antibiotics and provide basis for clinical anti-infection therapy.Methods:The chromosome mediated-quinolones resistant genes gyrA,gyrB,parC,parE and plasmid-mediated resistant genes qnrA,qnrB,qnrC,qnrD,qnrS,qepA,oqxA,oqxB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr were determinated by PCR.DNA sequencing was used for identification of gyrA and parC.Results:In 98 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ciprofloxacin,parE,qnrC and qnrS were not detected.The positive rates of gyrA,gyrB,parC,qnrA,qnrB,qnrD,qepA,aac(6′)-Ib-cr,oqxA and oqxB were 96.9%,87.8%,75.5%,31.6%,86.7%,15.3%,11.2%,53.1%,8.2% and 26.5%,respectively.By sequence analysis,84 strains(85.7%) had gyrA or parC mutation.90 strains(91.8%) contained plasmid-mediated resistant genes,among them the positive rate of qnrB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr were higher than other genes.Conclusion:Chromosome-mediated gene mutation as well as plasmid-mediated qnr,qepA,oqxAB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr may be the main mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginos resisitance to quinolones.qnrB and qnrD were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa the first time.
67 k calcimedin (67 kDa) is distinct from p67 calelectrin and lymphocyte 68 kDa Ca2+-binding protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 67 k calcimedin is a Ca2+-binding protein present in both muscle cells and peritoneal macrophages. Many tissues, including lymphoid tissues, liver and lymphocytes, have been shown to contain Ca2+-binding proteins of similar molecular size, such as the p67(67 kDa) calelectrin or the 68 kDa lymphocyte protein. We have tested affinity-purified antibodies raised to the smooth-muscle 67 k calcimedin in these several tissues and here report that the 67 k calcimedin is not detectable in liver, thymus, spleen or thymic lymphocytes. These findings support recent biochemical evidence, discussed here, suggesting that the 67 k calcimedin is a protein different from calelectrin and the 68 kDa lymphocyte protein. The more limited tissue distribution of the 67 k calcimedin, which includes muscle and macrophages, suggests that the 67 k calcimedin may function in Ca2+-mediated events special to these cell types. The affinity-purified antibodies to the 67 k calcimedin will be useful in obtaining information concerning the special roles of this Ca2+-binding protein in these cells.
NCAF: A reduced flooding mechanism for route discovery in ICN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Information Centric Network or ICN is one of the few popular designs envisioned for the future Internet. In ICN, packets are routed by content-object names. Such names can be much more complicated as well as order of magnitude more in quantity than IP addresses, and the same content-objects might also be available for retrieval at more places in the network. As routing tables are always limited in space, it is very unlikely that they can hold the routing information for all these names at all times, therefore some kind of on-demand route discovery mechanism is always a necessity for ICN. Flooding is a safe method for such purpose that can assure route optimality, but it is very heavy in terms of incurred messaging traffic. On the other hand, large content are better retrieved and routed in chunks instead of as a complete whole for better networking efficiency, therefore a miss in the routing table might result in a series of flooding for all the chunks of the target content. In this study we call chunks of the same content as neighboring chunks, and propose a route discovery mechanism that makes use of their relationship to reduce the overhead of successive flooding: when one chunk is requested across the network, its neighboring chunks are also reported back just in case. Compared with previous work, our algorithms can achieve faster route discovery without much loss to the routing quality, which makes them suitable for different needs to the route discovery in ICN.
Assessment of neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage in bronchial asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage is a helpful test for evaluation of systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage as an evidence of control status in bronchial asthma. Patients and methods The study included 45 (20 males and 25 females) patients and 45 apparently healthy subjects. Full clinical evaluation, complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and total IgE measurement were done for participants. Results Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage and CRP were higher in asthmatics than controls (statistically significant difference), and they were significantly increased with uncontrolled asthma. Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage could predict uncontrolled asthma with a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 75.6%, positive predictive value of 73.2%, negative predictive value of 69.4% and accuracy of 71.1%. Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage increased in asthmatics with asthma control test (ACT) less than 20 versus patients with ACT of at least 20 (statistically significant difference), whereas neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage did not differ significantly among the patients with asthma regarding sex and smoking. Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage had direct proportional relation with CRP and ACT, whereas the relations between neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage and age, eosinophils, IgE, Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%), duration of the disease, or number of attacks per year were nonsignificant. No significant correlation was found between controlled and uncontrolled cases regarding total leukocyte count (TLC), duration, and onset of the disease. The number of attacks was significantly higher in uncontrolled cases than controlled ones. Conclusion Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage could predict uncontrolled asthma with high sensitivity and specificity. Neutrophil/lymphocyte percentage is a rapid, inexpensive method with routine CBC analysis and could be a useful predictor of asthma control.
Exploring the use of discursive and semiotic strategies in knowledge-guided construction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

En este trabajo se exploró el uso diferencial de las estrategias discursivas y semióticas en la construcción guiada del conocimiento en maestras de primaria. Los datos se recogieron del discurso de la maestra en el contexto de la práctica docente, tomando notas y registros durante veinticuatro clases de una hora cada una. Primero, se transcribieron los discursos para después hacer una videoconfrontación con otros investigadores. Se observa que el empleo de la estrategia elicitativa y la intención didáctica en las tres maestras es similar al formular y reformular la participación de los alumnos de manera más o menos rígida, repetitiva, descriptiva e ilustrada. Se evidencian diferencias en el uso del diálogo típico del género de clase. Es necesario considerar el proceso de enseñanza, no como la mera transmisión de saberes, sino como un compromiso de naturaleza social y personal.
Effect of patient controlled epidural analgesia at different laboring phases on the progress of labor and neonatal outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the influence of epidural analgesia at different phases of labor on progress of labor and neonates in delivery.Methods Two hundreds cases of full term primipara were divided into 4 groups.In group Ⅰ,analgesia was given with acervical dilatation of 3-5 cm.In groupⅡ and group Ⅲ,analgesia was given when the uterine cervix dilated to no more than 1 cm.Analgesia stopped in group Ⅲ when the uterine cervix dilated to 8 cm.In groupⅠor groupⅡ,analgesia stopped when the uterine cervix dilated absolutely.Group Ⅳ,the control,was in such obstetric routine management.Pain was assessed using visual analog scale(VAS).Duration of labor,delivery mode,and usage of oxytocin were observed and recorded.Then the following were recorded,the umbilical arterial samples of the infants、Apgar score of neonates in 1 or 5 min and neonatal behavioral-neurological assessments(NBNA) of 1-3 days.Results Latent stage of group Ⅱ or group Ⅲ was significantly shorter than that of group Ⅰ or group Ⅳ(P0.01).Active phase of group Ⅳ was longer than other groups(P0.05).In group Ⅲ,second stage of labor was shorter than that in groupⅡ or group Ⅲ(P0.05).Satisfied analgesia effects were observed in groupⅡ and Ⅲ(P0.05).More cases received Oxytocin by intravenous infusion to strengthen uterine contraction in groupⅠ or groupⅡ than that in group Ⅲ or group Ⅳ.Rate of vaginal spontaneous labor in group Ⅲ showed significant difference in group Ⅰ or group Ⅱ(P0.05).Neonatal Apgar scores(1 or 5 min) and blood gas parameters showed no significant difference in all patients.In group Ⅲ,the NBNA scores of the first day were the highest in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.Conclusion Epidural analgesia be given early in the first stage of labor and stopped when the uterine cervix dilated to 8 cm can produce exact analgesia effects,shorten duration of labor,without influences of neonates,without increasing of cesarean section rate.
Cover Picture: Study on Burning and Thermal Decomposition Properties of HTPB Propellant Containing Synthesized Micro‐nano Ferric Perfluorooctanoate (Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 3/2019)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cover picture shows a novel micro-nano ferric perfluoroocate [Fe(PFO)3] as an unusual catalyst multifaceted effects on AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant. Our study shows that Fe(PFO)3 could improve the burning rate of the propellant as well as suppress the combustion agglomeration process. Fe(PFO)3 could also decrease the thermal decomposition temperature of Al/AP/HTPB composite solid propellant and the heat release. Impressively, The decomposition products of Fe(PFO)3 were proved to trigger the thermite reaction with Al at 635 °C leading to large heat release and formation of α-Al2O3. Details are discussed in the article by Fei Zhen et al. on page 362 ff.
Orality, Literacy, and Heroism in Huckleberry Finn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work re-assesses the heroic character of Huckleberry Finn in light of the inherent problems of discourse. Walter Ong's insights into the differences between oral and literate consciousnesses, and Stanley Fish's concept of "interpretive communities" are applied to Huck's interactions with the other characters, revealing the underlying dynamic of his character, the need for a viable discourse community. Further established, by enlisting the ideas of Ernest Becker, is that this need for community finds its source in the most fundamental human problem, the consciousness of death. The study concludes that the problematic ending of Twain's novel is consistent with the theme of community and is neither the artistic failure, nor the cynical pronouncement on the human race that so many critics have seen it to be.
Xanthogranuloma of the Erdheim-Chester type within the sellar region: case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease in the central nervous system are very rare. Cases with localization in the retroorbital space, hypothalamic area and posterior pituitary as well as intracerebral lesions are known. In our neurosurgical unit, a 51-year-old male patient with a history of hypophyseal insufficiency and visual deficits underwent surgery for a pituitary lesion. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a xanthogranulomatous lesion composed of very large CD68-positive foam cells with small nuclei and some Touton-like giant cells, histiocytes, as well as loci with small lymphocytes and isolated eosinophilic granuolcytes, embedded in fibrotic tissue. Based on these findings, the histological diagnosis was a xanthogranuloma of the Erdheim-Chester type.
The Physical Exchange of Factor VIII (FVIII) between von Willebrand Factor and Activated Platelets and the Effect of the FVIII B-Domain on Platelet Binding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Normal hemostasis proceeds through the assembly of coagulant complexes on a lipid surface derived from activated platelets. The activation complex assembly is governed by multiple factors including the binding constants (Kd) of the coagulant factors for the lipid surface. The formation of the tenase complex requires delivery of factor VIII (FVIII) to the activated lipid surface by von Willebrand factor (vWF). Using electrophoretic quasi-elastic light scattering (ELS), we have examined the interaction of FVIII in the presence and absence of vWF with both resting and activated gel-filtered human platelets. Resting platelets do not bind FVIII. Platelets activated by thrombin, epinephrine, or SFLLRN, but not ADP or collagen, bind unactivated FVIII if vWF is not present. In the absence of vWF, unactivated FVIII binds to activated platelets with a Kd of 10.4 nM. B-domain deleted FVIII binds to activated platelets with a Kd of 5.1 nM. Thrombin -activated FVIII (FVIIIa) binds to activated platelets with a Kd of 1.7 nM. The activation of FVIII while bound to the platelet surface can be monitored as a function of time. In the presence of vWF, binding of unactivated FVIII to activated platelets was inhibited, but not the binding of FVIIIa. Displacement of bound unactivated FVIII from the platelet surface occurs when vWF is added to the FVIII-platelet complex. The binding of FVIII to activated platelets is affected by the B-domain, the state of FVIII activation, and the presence of soluble vWF and proceeds as a multistep process. FVIII binding by activated platelets is not affected by platelet gpIIb/IIIa or by platelet vWF.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan mengenai Analisis Kuantitatif pada Rekam Medis Elektronik di Rumah Sakit Umum Hidayah Boyolali

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Assessment of the quality of service in hospitals can be done by determining the completeness of filling in medical record documents through quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis of medical record documents is the study or review of certain parts of the contents of medical records with the aim of finding specific deficiencies related to recording medical records. Quantitative analysis of medical records includes four review components, namely identification review, recording review, reporting review, and authentication review. Rumah Sakit Umum Hidayah Boyolali has implemented electronic medical records since January 2023 in accordance with the mandate of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 of 2022 concerning medical records. The aim of PkM activities is to increase the knowledge and abilities of medical record officers regarding quantitative analysis of medical records and electronic medical records at Rumah Sakit Umum Hidayah Boyolali. The PkM implementation method includes material presentation, discussion, clinic and evaluation. The target of PkM consists of 13 medical record officers with the results of PkM being to increase the knowledge and ability of officers in analyzing the completeness of filling in medical records and electronic medical records.
Interrupted aortic arch type A associated with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries and ventricular septal defect. Successful direct aortic anastomosis and pulmonary artery banding in an infant.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is described of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (atrioventricular discordance, ventriculoarterial discordance) with interrupted aortic arch, a previously unreported association. Aortic continuity was achieved by direct surgical anastomosis. Pulmonary artery banding was subsequently necessary, because of heart failure associated with a large ventricular septal defect. A possible pathogenetic mechanism is suggested.
Using Charged Particle Imaging to Study Ultracold Plasma Expansion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop a projection imaging technique to study ultracold plasma dynamics. We image the charged particle spatial distributions by extraction with a high-voltage pulse onto a position-sensitive detector. Measuring the 2D width of the ion image at later times (the ion image size in the first 20 $\mu$s is dominated by the Coulomb explosion of the dense ion cloud), we extract the plasma expansion velocity. These velocities at different initial electron temperatures match earlier results obtained by measuring the plasma oscillation frequency. The electron image size slowly decreases during the plasma lifetime because of the strong Coulomb force of the ion cloud on the electrons, electron loss and Coulomb explosion effects.
Spectral image modelling for material-based visualisation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis addresses three problems in trichromatic and hyperspectral imagery: outdoor shadow detection, recovery of photometric invariants and personalised image visualisation. It shows how detection of shadows in outdoor imagery is a necessary preprocessing step, before photometric invariants can be separated from a single spectral or RGB image. It then shows how the recovered reflectance parameters can be used to create user colour preferences for visualising the image. The first contribution of this thesis is a physics based model to detect shadows in outdoor scenes. Here, we note that shadows arise from diffuse skylight that has been scattered by particles in the atmosphere. This yields a treatment in which shadows in the image can be viewed as a linear combination of scattered sunlight obeying Rayleigh scattering and Mie theory. This allows a ratio to be calculated that permits the problem of recovering the shadowed areas in an image to be recast into a clustering setting making use of active contours. It also allows a metric to be formulated that indicates the degree to which a scene is overcast. Secondly, we address the problem of efficiently recovering the reflectance parameters from a single multispectral or hyperspectral image. To do so, we propose a shapelet based estimator (SBE) to recover shading in an image. The optimisation setting presented here is based on a three-step process. The first calculates the geometric shading based on an alternative shapelets method; the second uses a constrained optimisation approach to update the surface reflectance and the specular coefficients; and the third employs either a simple least-squares formulation or its variants to update the illuminant power spectrum. This yields a computationally efficient method that achieves speed-ups of nearly an order of magnitude as compared to its closest alternative without compromising performance. Moreover, our photometric invariants recovery method can derive the material reflectance and illumination parameters which are necessary for creating user colour preference profiles. To visualise an image, we make use of the heterogeneous nature of a scene and impose consistency over object materials, an approach that allows small compositional variations across objects in the image to be detected. In this way, the quality of the images under consideration can be maximised based on user preferences. This means individual user profiles can be employed for processing real world imagery, while avoiding undesirable effects when the final colour image is produced.