jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Refrigerant Charge Extraction Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

According to the European Commission, heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) production implies 79% of the total energy consumed in households. Moreover, as 84% of this energy is still generated from fossil fuels, it is required taking measures in order to improve the current situation. One way to increase the decarbonization in households is the use of heat pumps powered by renewable energy sources. Additionally, the energy captured by heat pumps is considered renewable when a certain efficiency value is achieved (2009/28/CE directive). Nowadays, refrigerants used by heat pumps are mainly hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which have a high global warming potential (GWP) and have a clear deadline defined at F-Gas EU Regulation 517/2014. For this reason, natural refrigerants will play an important role within heating, cooling and DHW production at the household sector. However, most of the natural refrigerants with acceptable thermodynamic properties are at least slightly flammable or toxic, and its use has an associated risk due to this condition. That is the cause that the amount of refrigerant charge must comply with the maximum refrigerant charge limited by regulations, and the prediction of the nominal refrigerant charge amount inside a heat pump has become an important matter within the design process of a heat pump. There already exist prediction models of refrigerant charge but, under certain conditions, they do not fit the reality. The current prediction methods which use simulation models may be improved by knowing the actual distribution of the refrigerant inside the different components of a real heat pump. In order to empirically determine the refrigerant charge amount inside each part of the heat pump, several methods can be used, but the most employed one is the “remove and weight” technique. This technique consists in extracting the refrigerant charge of each element of the heat pump in a sample cylinder in order to weight it, after isolating each component from another. A similar but less precise approach of this method is employed when recovering refrigerant in maintenance or decommissioning tasks. In this contribution, a theoretical and experimental study of different charge extraction methods is presented. In the study, every method has been analyzed according to different factors: percentage of refrigerant extracted, security measures employed, the time needed until stability is reached and cost of the technique. The results of this study will help in the selection of best extraction method according to the precision of the results needed, the available resources and the training of the staff which in the end will be performing the experiments.
ADAPTION BY LOW DOSE RADIATION EXPOSURE: A LOOK AT SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS FOR RADIOPROTECTION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

h The procedures and dose limitations used for radiation protection in the nuclear industry are founded on the assumption that risk is directly proportional to dose, without a threshold. Based on this idea that any dose, no matter how small, will increase risk, radiation protection regulations generally attempt to reduce any exposure to “as low as reasonably achievable ” (ALARA). We know however, that these regulatory assumptions are inconsistent with the known biological effects of low doses. Low doses induce protective effects, and these adaptive responses are part of a general response to low stress. Adaptive responses have been tightly conserved during evolution, from single celled organisms up to humans, indicating their importance. Here we examine cellular and animal studies that show the influence of radiation induced protective effects on diverse diseases, and examine the radiation dose range that is effective for different tissues in the same animal. The concept of a dose window, with upper and lower effective doses, as well as the effect of multiple stressors and the influence of genetics will also be examined. The effect of the biological variables on low dose responses will be considered from the point of view of the limitations they may impose on any revised radiation protection regulations.
Epigenetic upregulation of acid-sensing ion channel 1 contributes to gastric hypersensitivity in adult offspring rats with prenatal maternal stress

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Functional dyspepsia is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Gastric hypersensitivity (GHS) is a hallmark of this disorder, but the cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Stressors during gestational period could have effects on the offspring's tissue structure and function, which may predispose to gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to test whether prenatal maternal stress (PMS) induces GHS and to investigate role of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling by examining Asic1 methylation status in adult offspring rats. Gastric hypersensitivity in response to gastric distension was examined by electromyography recordings. Changes in neuronal excitability were determined by whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques. Demethylation of CpG islands of Asic1 was determined by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing assay. Prenatal maternal stress produced GHS in adult offspring rats. Treatment with amiloride, an inhibitor of ASICs, significantly attenuated GHS and reversed hyperexcitability of gastric-specific dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons labeled by the dye DiI. Expression of ASIC1 and NF-κBp65 was markedly enhanced in T7 to T10 DRGs. Furthermore, PMS led to a significant demethylation of CpG islands in the Asic1 promoter. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that PMS also enhanced the ability of NF-κBp65 to bind the promoter of Asic1 gene. Blockade of NF-κB using lentiviral-p65shRNA reversed upregulation of ASIC1 expression, GHS, and the hyperexcitability of DRG neurons. These data suggest that upregulation of ASIC1 expression is attributed to Asic1 promoter DNA demethylation and NF-κB activation, and that the enhanced interaction of the Asic1 and NF-κBp65 contributes to GHS induced by PMS.
STUDY ON THE VIBRATION OF LANGER'S BRIDGE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Originally, Langer's Bridges has been developed for the type of bridge that stiffens the simple beam or simple truss by the arch ribs and hangers, which can bear in axial forces only. But it has been adopted for the independent type of bridge in recent years.Obviously from the point of historical view, it is said that the bridge of Langer's type is liable to have a large deflection of vibration.The writer has begun to study the problems of vibration of Langer's Bridges from the necessity of decision of the strength of bridges in actual practice.In this report, the writer deals with the theoretical problems of vibration of Langer's Bridge in the first place, and with the numerical calculations for the circular frequency of Langer's Bridge in the second place, and with the experimental work of vibration of Langer's Bridge in the last place.
Nitrogen-Doped\nYolk–Shell-Structured CoSe/C Dodecahedra for High-Performance\nSodium Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, nitrogen-doped,\nyolk–shell-structured CoSe/C mesoporous dodecahedra are successfully\nprepared by using cobalt-based metal–organic frameworks (ZIF-67)\nas sacrificial templates. The CoSe nanoparticles are in situ produced\nby reacting the cobalt species in the metal–organic frameworks\nwith selenium (Se) powder, and the organic species are simultaneously\nconverted into nitrogen-doped carbon material in an inert atmosphere\nat temperatures between 700 and 900 °C for 4 h. For the composite\nsynthesized at 800 °C, the carbon framework has a relatively\nhigher extent of graphitization, with high nitrogen content (17.65%).\nFurthermore, the CoSe nanoparticles, with a size of around 15 nm,\nare coherently confined in the mesoporous carbon framework. When evaluated\nas novel anode materials for sodium ion batteries, the CoSe/C composites\nexhibit high capacity and superior rate capability. The composite\nelectrode delivers the specific capacities of 597.2 and 361.9 mA h\ng<sup>–1</sup> at 0.2 and 16 A g<sup>–1</sup>, respectively.
Supplementary Table from Splicing Patterns in <i>SF3B1</i>-Mutated Uveal Melanoma Generate Shared Immunogenic Tumor-Specific Neoepitopes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Table from Splicing Patterns in <i>SF3B1</i>-Mutated Uveal Melanoma Generate Shared Immunogenic Tumor-Specific Neoepitopes
Integrating into a predominantly white campus: students of color share their stories

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study explored the perceptions and expectations of students of color ability to integrate into a predominantly white campus and compared these to their actual experience. To address this question five students of color were interviewed at the university where the study took place. The semi-structured interview questions asked participants to tell stories about their perceptions, expectations and experiences while attending a predominantly white university. Respondents gave similar answers about what they expected and what happened when they got to campus but not always. The results support that the experiences of students of color are in part shaped by ethnic identity and that this creates difficulty in how these students experience college. A recommendation is in order to create a welcoming and inclusive experience for students of color, university campuses must change how students are recruited and there is a need for higher education practitioners to be culturally competent.
Mechanism of N–H Bond Cleavage of Aniline by a Dearomatized PNP-Pincer Type Phosphaalkene Complex of Iridium(I)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Detailed mechanistic investigations using kinetic and theoretical methods have been conducted for deprotonative N–H bond cleavage of p-YC6H4NH2 (Y = H, MeO, Me, Cl, Br, NO2) by [K(18-crown-6)][Ir(Cl)(PPEP*)] (1a) bearing a dearomatized PNP-pincer type phosphaalkene ligand (PPEP*) to afford [Ir(NHC6H4Y)(PPEP)] (2) with an aromatized ligand (PPEP). While 1a is in equilibrium with [K(18-crown-6)]Cl (3) and [Ir(PPEP*)] (4) in solution, the N–H bond cleavage proceeds via association of 1a with aniline, where the coordination of aniline to iridium is insignificant; instead, aniline is associated with PPEP* by hydrogen bonding. In contrast, the N–H bond cleavage of ammonia proceeds via the pentacoordinate intermediate [Ir(Cl)(NH3)(PPEP*)]. The difference between the N–H bond cleavage processes of aniline and ammonia is examined by DFT calculations.
Sustainable Development Goals and 2030 Agenda: Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes in Nine Italian Universities, 2019

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 2030 Agenda represent global development programs. Education can widen the acknowledgement of their relevance and their applications. This survey aims to assess awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards SDGs and sustainability among first-year students in nine Italian Universities. A Likert scale-based online questionnaire of 70 items was compiled by students from March to July 2019. It examined knowledge and expectations referred to sustainable development concepts, indicators and documents/models accounting for sociodemographic variables. Statistical analyses performed were Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, Kendall’s W correlation coefficient, univariate and multivariate analysis. The questionnaire was completed by 1676 students. A low percentage referred a good knowledge of SDGs and 2030 Agenda, most of them had never attended related educational activities previously. Better knowledge of SDGs and 2030 Agenda was observed in case of previous specific educational activities (p < 0.001). The expectation towards university guaranteeing an education on SDGs was high, both for personal wisdom and for usefulness in future professional context. A significant difference (p < 0.001) in such expectations was found, as healthcare students were less interested than colleagues of other areas. The results showed low knowledge but interest towards sustainable development. A scheduled implementation of academic initiatives should be considered.
Supply Chain Demand Forecasting Dataset of Bangladeshi Retailer

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The historical sales dataset for this research is obtained from a Bangladeshi retailer. The dataset covers a period of 1826 days and includes daily sales data for a particular product from 01 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. The raw sales data has 2 columns: the first column contains timestamps, while the remaining column reflects the quantity sold.
En la interfaz entre sintaxis, semántica y estructura informativa: tópicos y focos contrastivos con ‘viceversa’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<div> <p>The meaning and function of the Spanish adverb ‘viceversa’ in contrast to ‘al contrario’ and ‘en cambio’ is analysed. It is argued that ‘viceversa’ is a focal discourse marker that conventionally imposes a specific informative structure [contrastive topic / contrastive focus] on the second sentence. The informative meaning of ‘viceversa’ is a good example of the close relationship between informative structure and syntax. </p> </div>
Accident, Disaster, and Trauma

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although English settler colonialism was ascendant in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Americas, its literature was often written as disaster. This chapter considers three modes of catastrophe – accident, disaster, and trauma – to argue that the violent forces and harsh conditions of life in the New World fragmented former identities and that coloniality emerged from that shattering. The story of accident is told through Jamaican creole Jonathan Dickinson who, along with his small crew of family, friends, shipmen, servants, and slaves, were shipwrecked en route from Port Royal to Philadelphia in 1696. They landed in Florida, where their accidental arrival led them to impersonate the Spanish, to provoke enmities with Indigenous people over both their feigned and their real identities, and to desperately improvise their way over 230 miles to rescue. The story of disaster is told through early Jamestown, a site where extreme suffering and violence compounded to guarantee dire outcomes. For the small number of settlers who survived, their Englishness did not survive within them. From the Starving Time to the First Anglo-Powhatan War, their coloniality took shape in a space of abjection and aggression, marking settlement as a theater of brutality and horror. Trauma is recounted through the narrative of the Pequot War and the life of Mary Prince. These stories of unbridled warfare against the Pequot of New England and the un/common trauma inflicted on enslaved people of the Caribbean bear testimony to the radical dispossession white colonials inflicted upon Native and enslaved people, and the struggle to maintain identities in this context. Together, attention to accident, disaster, and trauma ruptures any smooth accounting of colonial “development” and instead testifies to the tearing, sundering, and shattering that make this history remain uneven, unsteady, and unresolved.
Blockchain adoption in sustainable supply chains: Opportunities, challenges, and sustainability impacts across sectors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This research reviews blockchain technology's integration into modern financial systems, outlining its huge potential to bring about improvement in areas such as transparency, security, and operational efficiency. Based on the challenges of data integrity, fraud prevention, and reduction of intermediaries, the study assesses the transformational role of blockchain in financial institutions. Research Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was taken, where quantitative data from the surveys of 150 financial executives across different types of organizations were combined with qualitative insights from expert interviews. Such statistical analysis, complemented by thematic interpretation, could enable an integrated assessment of blockchain applications and related challenges in the financial sector. Results: The results reveal that blockchain significantly enhances the transparency and security of transactions, hence reducing fraud and manipulation of data. The respondents were very optimistic about the cost reductions due to the elimination of intermediaries. Yet, these are counterbalanced by barriers to wide diffusion, such as scalability issues, regulatory uncertainties, and technical integration complexities that reduce the full potential of blockchain. Limitations: The limitations of the study are the small sample size, which limits the generalization of findings. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to investigate more comprehensively the impact of blockchain on the financial sectors. Contributions: The research, therefore, contributes to discourses on blockchain as a transformative finance technology, giving insights into useful strategic, policy, and technology issues. Novelty: It also presented both opportunities and challenges in view of realizing blockchain's role in digitizing financial ecosystems.
Comparing Synchronicity in Body Movement among Jazz Musicians with their Emotions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper presents preliminary research that investigates the relationship between the flow of a group of jazz musicians, quantified through multi-person pose synchronization, and their collective emotions. Building upon previous studies that measured the physical synchronicity of team members by tracking their body movements and measuring the difference in arm, leg, and head movements, we introduce a novel metric termed &quot;team entanglement&quot;. We employ facial expression recognition to evaluate the musicians’ collective emotions. Through correlation and regression analysis, we establish that higher levels of synchronized body and head movements correspond to lower levels of disgust, anger, sadness and higher levels of joy among the musicians. Furthermore, we utilize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based deep learning model to predict the collective emotions of the musicians. This model leverages 17 body synchrony keypoint vectors as features, resulting in a training accuracy of 61.47% and a test accuracy of 66.17%.
[Peritoneal Dialysis Network in North-East Italy: Survey About the Peritoneal Catheter Exit-Site Infection Management and Comparison with ISPD Guidelines].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The Triveneto Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Network aims to bring together doctors and nurses who deal with PD in a collaborative network in which to exchange mutual knowledge and optimize the use of this method of replacing renal function. A topic of particular interest was the management of peritoneal catheter exit-site infection, given the recent publication of the new guidelines of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD). Materials and methods. The survey concerned the criteria for carrying out nasal swab and exit-site, management of exuberant granulation tissue "Proud Flesh", treatment of exit-site infection (ESI), use of silver dressings, the role of subcutaneous tunnel ultrasound and cuff shaving. Results. All PD centers in the North-East Italy area have joined the survey with at least one operator per centre. There was a wide variability between the indications for performing the exit-site swab. In the presence of ESI, the prevalent approach is that of oral systemic empiric therapy associated (20.0%) or less (28.9%) with topical therapy, and then adapting it in a targeted manner to the culture examination. Discussion. From the discussion of the survey emerged the importance of the ESI as an outcome indicator, which allows us to verify whether our clinical practice is in line with the reference standards. It is essential to know and base our activity on what is indicated in national and international guidelines and to document the events that occur in the patient population of each dialysis unit.
Venous thromboembolism to the heart: A case report and review of treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Venous thromboembolism to the heart is a rare and often fatal condition that is now being recognized more frequently owing to the widespread use of two-dimensional echocardiography. Death may be due to embolic obstruction of the tricuspid or the pulmonary valves, or to further migration of the embolus to the pulmonary arteries. The incidence of early recurrent pulmonary embolism is high. When used as primary treatment, medical treatment (anticoagulation or fibrinolytic therapy) failed in eight of 13 reported cases. Only one of eight patients died when surgical embolectomy was undertaken. We believe that an echocardiographic diagnosis of venous thromboembolism to the heart is sufficient evidence to warrant urgent surgical embolectomy. An undue delay in definitive treatment is often fatal.
Nietzsche’s early work of Frank

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work represents the attempt of systematization of Frank's views on the philosophy of Nietzsche. In this article we examine the interpretation of the ideas of the German thinker proposed by Russian philosopher in the article «F. Nietzsche and the ethics of love to the furthest». The purpose of this small research is to identify the continuity of Frank’s views and of Nietzsche’s philosophy.
Society and History of Gujarat since 1800: A Select Bibliography of the English and European Language Sources

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book consolidates scholarship on Gujarat in English and other European languages, notably, Dutch, German, French, Italian and Portuguese. It draws together well-known sources, as well as rare and under-exploited research material. Detailed bibliographical references are provided for books, chapters, periodical literature, dissertations, project-reports, other materials published since 1800; anonymous works and select government publications, such as gazetteers and census reports, are also included. The titles considered spread across the disciplinary boundaries of history, political and development studies, literature and the liberal arts, sociology, cultural and social anthropology. In these respects, the book is a comprehensive introduction to modern traditions of scholarship on Gujarat.

The reader is however also encouraged to treat the references as artefacts of power – each entry playing some role in the way we have come to know what we know about Gujarat today. Writing often has a social life, entertaining relations with other texts, with other authors, and with a readership. Annotations pointing to some of these connections are provided, especially when titles are uninformative, argument, data or provenance notable, or when serendipity has demanded. In this respect, the text can be read to trace the genealogy of certain ideas, regional traditions and preoccupations in the literature. Taken as a whole, the book can be read creatively as an alternative form of regional history, as a condensation of the literature from which current ideas about Gujarat have been formed.

The book also contains a substantial introduction based on new and original research on the key themes in the literature on Gujarat and how these themes spill into popular politics and life in the region at present.

Society and History of Gujarat since 1800: A Select Bibliography of the English and European Language Sources is an invaluable guide to anyone interested in modern Gujarat, an audience which will include activists, administrators, scholars, students and others with critically informed minds.