jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Native American Literature in an Ethnohistorical Context

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

DURING THE PAST SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS, American people have produced literature rich in diversity and imagery, ancient in tradition, and universal in significance. On the other hand, there is no such thing as Native American literature, though it may yet, someday, come into being. The roots of this apparent paradox are not difficult to examine or comprehend. National literatures, be they French, Sanskrit, Japanese, or whatever, emanate from and are the expressions of coherent aggregations of people. They tend to reflect aspects of a shared consciousness, an inherently identifiable world-view, a collective understanding of custom, language, and tradition. The pool from which both artist and primary audience are culled is generally circumscribed by common linguistics. English literature is expected to be in English, and to be therefore accessible first and foremost to English-speaking clients. If there had ever been a North American language called Indian, the mode of communication within a society called Indian, then there would undoubtedly be something appropriately labeled Indian literature. But there was not, and is not. On the contrary, the pre-1492 Western Hemisphere was among the most linguistically and culturally plural areas the world has ever known. The estimated ten to twenty million people who lived in what is today the United States and Canada spoke languages derived from no less than seven different language Families, each as distinct from the other as each was distinct from Indo-European. Within each of these Families, there existed many separate and mutually unintelligible languages, and within each language, the potential for a variety of diverse regional dialects was present. More than three hundred cultures, each differentiated to a greater or lesser degree by language, custom, history, and lifeway, were resident north of the Rio Grande at the time Columbus first accidently bumped into the Bahamas. Moreover, the linguistic affinity groupings were rarely even geographically clustered; for instance, languages belonging to the Athapaskan Family were spoken in Central Alaska (Ingalik), near Hudson Bay (Chippewyan), on the Plains (Sarsi and Kowa Apache), in the Southwest (Navajo), and in California (Hupa). Interspersed between them were cultures using languages derived from the Algonquin, Peneutian, Uto-Aztecan, Hokan, Muskogean, or Eskimo-Aleut Families.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality, Optical Activitiy, and Chirooptical Measurement Methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cephalosporin-resistantEscherichia coliamong Summer Camp Attendees with Salmonellosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Investigation of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak involving >100 persons at a summer camp in Girona, Spain, in June 2002 led to the detection of Salmonella and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESCREC). Stool cultures were performed for 22 symptomatic campers, three asymptomatic food handlers, and 10 healthy household members. Of the 22 campers, 19 had Salmonella enterica, 9 had an ESCREC strain carrying an extended-spectrum β-lactamase, and 2 had a second ESCREC strain carrying a plasmidic cephamycinase. Related ESCREC were detected in two (salmonella-negative) asymptomatic food handlers and in none of the healthy household members. Fecal ESCREC and its β-lactamases and plasmids were extensively characterized. Three of the five ESCREC clones were recovered from multiple hosts. The apparent dissemination of ESCREC suggests a food or water vehicle. The observed distribution of resistance plasmids and β-lactamase genes in several clones indicates a high degree of horizontal transfer. Heightened vigilance and increased efforts must be made to discover the reservoirs and vehicles for community dissemination of ESCREC.
A Hardware Acceleration of Maximum Likelihood Estimation Algorithm With Alternating Projection on FPGA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm is a special case of Bayesian estimation method in the field of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The ML algorithm exhibits robust capabilities with small estimation errors, making it applicable to challenging conditions, such as dealing with correlated signals and limited snapshots. However, a drawback of the ML algorithm is its multidimensional iterative nature, which results in huge computation and time consumption. To address these challenges, this article proposes a hardware implementation of the ML algorithm on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The design scheme presented in this article uses alternating projection (AP) to transform multidimensional operations into 1-D operations, effectively reducing the computational load. On the other hand, combined with hardware characteristics, pipeline design is used to save computing time. This design achieves a time reduction of approximately 60% in contrast to the design without the pipeline. In addition, when the number of sources is 1, the number of snapshots is 1000, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 10 dB, and the number of elements is 10, the root mean square error (RMSE) can be close to ${0.02}$ $^\circ$ . This exemplary performance serves as evidence that the hardware implementation in this article ensures accuracy.
[Simultaneous determination of butene and butadiene in workplace air by gas chromatography].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

目的 建立工作场所空气中丁烯、丁二烯同时测定的溶剂解吸-气相色谱法.方法 以活性炭管为采样管,二氯甲烷为解吸液,0.32 mm×30 m 三氧化二铝毛细管气相色谱柱进行分离,氢离子化检测器(FID)检测工作场所空气中丁烯、1,3-丁二烯.结果 1,3-丁二烯及丁烯4种异构体的检出限为0.3～0.5 μg,各组分回归方程分别为反丁烯:y=0.4391x+0.3189;正丁烯:y=0.4386x+0.2240;异丁烯:y=0.4225x+0.2052;顺丁烯:y=0.4586x+0.430;1,3-丁二烯:y=0.3793x-0.1871,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,精密度为2.96 ％～6.10％,回收率98.2％～103.3％;采样效率100％,丁二烯穿透容量为1.5 mg,丁烯穿透容量为2.3 mg;样品在常温下可保存7d以上,906.0 μg/ml苯乙烯、806 μg/ml丙烯腈对测定结果不产生干扰.结论 该方法操作方便,准确可靠,可以用于工作场所空气中丁烯、丁二烯的同时测定。
West Los Angeles division, roll call training, 1991-03/1992-05

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Los Angeles Police Department, West Los Angeles division, roll call training information, 1991 March - 1992 May. PART OF SERIES: The series includes records pertaining to the Webster Commission's Discovery Request, which solicited documents related to the internal operations of the Los Angeles Police Department immediately before and during the Rodney King riots. Materials fall into four categories of documents requested by the Commission for this purpose: activity reports, meeting agendas and minutes, itineraries of Department-led training sessions, and roll call deployment period reports from these training sessions. PART OF SUBSERIES: Materials related to mandatory training sessions held within each geographic division of the Los Angeles Police Department between January 1992 and July 1992. Included are scheudles and roll call worksheets which specify the date of each training session, the topic for the day, and the presenter.
Kontribusi KH. Abdul Latif dalam Mengembangkan Madrasah dan Pondok Pesantren di Banten

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Indonesia's oldest institutions were its Islamic boarding schools. However, the most pressing issue is how pesantren instill moral principles, which serve as the incubators of a society's intellectual capacities and noble character (al-akhlaq al-karimah). where the author was interested in researching one of the pioneers of Islamic boarding schools in Banten, Indonesia. It was not an exaggeration to repeat KH. Abdul Latif's life story and thoughts on education. Researchers hope readers may follow his struggle to further development in the fields of education and society, as researchers want to examine one of the Islamic boarding schools in Banten which he founded. particular in the Banten region. Sadly, we can all agree that his kind of spirit was becoming increasingly rare in today's world. Because of this, we must reignite his fervent passion and unwavering dedication to advancing Islamic religious education
A study on business development strategies and tactics in the shipping industry to improve customer satisfaction (shipping lines)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Technology adoption in the container shipping lines has been gaining popularity in the past years, in both the industry and academia. Past researches focuses on the future potential of technology but little focus is on how disruptive technology impacts the container shipping industry in the current climate. Disruptive technology discussed will be in terms of Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics. The container industry is gradually showing signs of recovery, thus investments in technology may be more common now as organisation compete to be ahead of its competitors. The objective of this paper is to examine whether shipping lines are considering the use of disruptive technology, since the global economy is gravitating towards an age of digitalisation. It aims to investigate if the adoption of disruptive technology is crafted towards increasing customer satisfaction. Apart from container shipping lines, two other major players will be analysed - they are Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) and Port Sector. These sectors would be covered by the author’s teammates. Past literature works on technology in the supply chain were analysed. Primary research was conducted in the form of survey questionnaires and face to face interviews. The interviews were to gain deeper insights and clarify any doubts with regards to the survey responses. There are relevant excerpts in the Appendices that were used to substantiate the arguments of this research paper. The distinction between disruptive and advanced technology is blurred as it is ultimately defined by the organisation's current state of operations and the market's technological trends. The technology adopted depends on the level of collaboration between various parties in the container shipping industry. Higher levels of collaboration would raise an added challenge for organisations. Leadership of an organisation is essential for it to sustain its competitive edge and strengths. Given the dampened freight rates and downturn in the global economy, the organisation looks to its leaders to steer them through the obstacles. Apart from minimising costs, the use of technologies or e-channels would be considered basic in the age of digitalisation. Lastly, the industry will succeed by having an industry leader to lead the market in the technological and research and development (R&D) initiatives. Keywords: Business development strategy, customer satisfaction, collaboration, Blockchain technology
Watching silver clusters grow in zeolites: direct probe Fourier transform-far-infrared spectroscopy of the red form of fully silver ion exchanged zeolite A

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWatching silver clusters grow in zeolites: direct probe Fourier transform-far-infrared spectroscopy of the red form of fully silver ion exchanged zeolite AMark D. Baker, John Godber, and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 11, 2299–2304Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100257a031https://doi.org/10.1021/j100257a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Paternal Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Ontario Uranium Miners and Risk of Congenital Anomaly in Offspring: A Record Linkage Case-control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine if paternal preconception exposure to ionizing radiation through uranium mining increases the risk of congenital anomaly (CA) in offspring. \nMethods: A population-based matched case-control study was conducted. Cases were infants with CAs recorded in the Canadian Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System and born alive in Ontario 1979-86 (ICD-9 codes 740-759); controls were liveborn infants without CAs identified from Ontario birth certificates and individually matched to cases (case-control file {CCF}). Exposed fathers were identified through the linkage of the CCF to the Mining Master File or the National Dose Registry file, which include those who worked in Ontario uranium mines 1952-1986. For men who linked with a case or control child, radon, gamma and total gonadal doses were estimated for three preconception periods: entire, 3-months and 6-months. Odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression. \nResults: Linkage of 28,991 uranium miners and 40,482 case-control pairs of fathers and offspring in the CCF identified 431 discordant pairs. There was no evidence of increased risk of a child having a CA if the father was ever a uranium miner before conception of the child (OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.74–1.08). Since gamma radiation (especially during the 6-month preconception period) is more biologically relevant to gonads than radon, further analyses were performed on 117 discordant pairs where data on gamma exposures were available. When ever/never miner, exposed to gamma (yes/no), and gamma dose-response variables were all in the model, there was no ever/never miner effect (OR=1.20, 95% CI=0.85–1.69, p-value=0.30), an inverse association for exposure to gamma (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.25–0.71, p-value=0.001), but most importantly, there was no statistically significant dose-response relationship between gamma dose during the 6-month preconception period and all CAs (OR=1.15 per loge {mSv+0.01}, 95% CI=0.83–1.59, p-value=0.40). Similarly, no dose-response relationship was observed for exposure to gamma radiation in the 3-month preconception period, or for radon or total gonadal radiation in the 3- or 6-month preconception periods. \nConclusion: There was no increased risk of a CA among liveborn children of Ontario uranium miners who were exposed to radon, gamma or total radiation during the 3- or 6-month periods before conception.
Comparison of adult census size and effective population size support the need for continued protection of two Solomon Island endemics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Because a population’s ability to respond to rapid change is dictated by standing genetic variation, we can better predict a population’s long-term viability by estimating and then comparing adult census size (N) and effective population size (Ne). However, most studies only measure N or Ne, which can be misleading. Using a combination of field and genomic sequence data, we here estimate and compare N and Ne in two range-restricted endemics of the Solomon Islands. Two Zosterops White-eye species inhabit the small island of Kolombangara, with a high elevation species endemic to the island (Z. murphyi) and a low elevation species endemic to the Solomon Islands (Z. kulambangrae). Field observations reveal large values of N for both species with Z. kulambangrae numbering at 114,781 ± 32,233 adults, and Z. murphyi numbering at 64,412 ± 15,324 adults. In contrast, genomic analyses reveal that Ne was much lower than N, with Z. kulambangrae estimated at 694.5 and Z. murphyi at 796.1 individuals. Further, positive Tajima’s D values for both species suggest that they have experienced a demographic contraction, providing a mechanism for low values of Ne. Comparison of N and Ne suggests that Z. kulambangrae and Z. murphyi are not at immediate threat of extinction but may be at genetic risk. Our results provide important baseline data for long-term monitoring of these island endemics, and argue for measuring both population size estimates to better gauge long-term population viability.
Association between auditory system pathology and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective A theory has emerged, suggesting that abnormalities in the auditory system may be associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, current clinical evidence has never been systematically reviewed. Design A systematic review was conducted according to the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Data sources PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched through 7 September 2020. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Only human studies with a reference group were included. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they examined infants exposed to otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), auditory brainstem response (ABR) or had autopsies with brainstem histology of the auditory system. SIDS was the primary outcome, while the secondary outcome was near-miss sudden infant death syndrome episodes. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias, and the quality of evidence. Due to high heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Results Twelve case–control studies were included. Seven studies on OAEs or ABR had a high degree of inconsistency. Contrarily, four out of five studies reporting on brainstem histology found that auditory brainstem abnormalities were more prevalent in SIDS cases than in controls. However, the quality of evidence across all studies was very low. Conclusion This systematic review found no clear association between auditory system pathology and SIDS. The higher prevalence of histological abnormalities in the auditory system of SIDS may indicate an association. However, further studies of higher quality and larger study populations are needed to determine whether these findings are valid. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020208045.
Disturbances of Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Neural Complications of Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In diabetic patients, the incidence of clinically manifested deficits in peripheral nervous system function increases with duration of disease and is approx 50% after 25 yr of disease. The resulting diabetic neuropathies comprise a group of distinct disorders that can affect both somatic and autonomic nerves, the most common of which is symmetric sensory polyneuropathy. Clinical signs of overt human diabetic neuropathy include decreases in nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitude and in resistance to ischemic conduction failure. These abnormalities may be accompanied by sensory deficits and, in some cases, severe pain. In diabetes of long standing, morphological deterioration is evident, and both nerve fiber loss and segmental demyelination may occur.
Diode Laser: An Ideal Option for Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Gingival hyperpigmentation are major concerns for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. Melanin hyperpigmentation usually does not present a medical problem, but patients usually complain of dark gums as unesthetic. Pigmentation of gingiva is commonly caused by deposition of melanin in the basal layer of oral epithelium. Gingival melanin pigmentation may be seen across all the races and at any age without gender predilection. This case report describes the application of semi conductor diode laser procedure for gingival depigmentation. How to cite this article Saini R, Pazinatto FB, Radnai M. Diode Laser: An Ideal Option for Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2): 139-140.
RF performance of short channel graphene field-effect transistor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the authors present experimental studies on transport characteristics of graphene FETs with channel lengths down to 70 nm. The factors limiting the performance of short channel graphene devices are discussed. RF performance of a sub-100 nm graphene transistor fabricated on epitaxial graphene grown on a SiC substrate is also presented. A cut-off frequency as high as 170 GHz is achieved in a 90 nm graphene FET using a scalable top-down fabrication processes. Our results indicate that further improvement of RF performance of graphene FETs can be enabled by channel length scaling with structure optimization and contact resistance reduction.
Histological changes in the midgut of Spodoptera litura larvae exposured by the extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mirabilis jalapa in Indonesia is better known as Bunga Pukul Empat (the four o‘clock flower) which has the potential a natural insecticide to overcome pests in agricultural crops, such as Spodoptera litura insects. If S. litura larva is infected by toxic compounds, it will cause larval mortality which can be observed in the midgut (middle intestine). This research used a Completely Randomized Design of 4 treatments with 1 control and 4 times of iteration in each treatment using 0% (control), 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.6% (b/v) of M. jalapa leave extract concentration. The observation result of S. litura midgut histological structure showed that the higher concentration of M. jalapa leaf extract, the more damage occurred in its midgut tissue. Microphotography at a concentration of 0.2%; 0.4%; and 0.8% showed that some cells have undergone swelling, disintegration, and lysis. The worst damage was found at the concentration of 1.6%, in which the basal of epithelial cells undergone a wide range of disintegration, peritrophic membrane disappeared, all epithelial cell lysis, muscular layer became thin, the structure of basement membrane was indistinct, the form of goblet cells became irregular, and the longitudinal muscle disappeared. Based on the results, extract of M. jalapa has potential as a botanical biopesticide.