jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Collection and DNA Detection of Dirofilaria immitis (Rhabditida Onchocercidae), Using a Novel Primer Set, in Wild-Caught Mosquitoes From Gainesville, FL

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of dog heartworm disease, is an important cause of canine morbidity and mortality, expensive to treat, and severe infections are often fatal. Much is known about the pathogen in the canine host, yet little is known on the basic ecology of the nematode in the mosquito vector. Thus, to evaluate the effectiveness of collection techniques on ability to capture dog heartworm-infected mosquitoes (Diptera Culicidae), we conducted a field study spanning 111 wk. Four methods were used: two aspirators types, sweep netting, and a CDC trap. All sites had canines present in either residential yards (n = 4) or dog kennel facilities (n = 3). Collected mosquitoes were sorted by site, trap, species, and date, then pooled into groups of up to 25 individuals. Mosquito head and thorax pools were extracted for DNA, that was screened using currently available protocols. These protocols were found unreliable; thus, we developed a novel qPCR primer and probe set. Using this method, the original samples were re-assayed and provided 494 positive pools. Approximately 10% of positive samples were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Twenty-two mosquito species tested positive for dog heartworm DNA, including a new association with Wyeomyia mitchellii (Theobald). Although Aedes atlanticus (Dyar and Knab), Anopheles crucians Wiedemann, and Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) composed nearly 36% of the total collection, these species represented 42% of the qPCR positive pools. Infection rates within commonly collected mosquitoes ranged up to 2.5%, with more rarely collected species ranging up to 14%. The CDC trap was the most effective collection method at trapping infected mosquitoes.
Transfiguring Consumer Engagement and Elevating Experiences With Metaverse Shopping Apps

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Retail experience and customer participation are changing with the advancement of technology. The rise of metaverse offers a singular chance to reinvent retail customers' purchasing experiences by overcoming physical constraints and obfuscating the distinction between virtual and real worlds. The metaverse is a brand-new, exciting virtual world that is still in its early stages of development. However, its revolutionary potential might significantly alter the nature of business-customer interactions. Improving client experiences is a crucial way to take advantage of the metaverse. By creating engaging and immersive experiences in this virtual world, companies can provide their customers with more personal and lasting connections. This chapter deeply dives into the diverse arena of consumer behavior, technological advancements, and market dynamics. It also provides insights and suggestions for retail vendors and marketers who want to use metaverse to break through barriers, captivate audiences and redefine the retail industry's future.
Identifying small non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for cervical cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e17507 Background: Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that control post-transcriptional gene expression are attractive candidate molecular targets for cancer screening tests. We evaluated whether sncRNAs expression are markedly different in benign, precancerous, and cancerous cervical tissue. Methods: We examined the expression of six sncRNA species: circular RNAs (circRNAs) microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs), small nuclear RNA (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNA), from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical specimen obtained from 172 women (74 benign, 58 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 40 invasive cervical cancer). We used DESeq2 to identify differentially expressed sncRNA molecules with adjusted p-value < 0.05 and at least 2-fold up- or down-regulation. Results: Comparing benign to HSIL samples, we foundseveral statistically significant, differentially expressed sncRNAs: 906 circRNAs (*circ_0066810, p=3.76x10 -16 ), 87 miRNAs (*miR-149-5p, p=1.30x10 -14 ), 11 piRNAs (*piR_016945, p=8.32x10 -13 ), 32 snRNAs (*RNU1-17P, p=1.90x10 -10 ), 5 snoRNAs (*SCARNA18, p=1.35x10 -5 ), and 24 tRNA (*tRNA-Glu-TTC-8-1, p=6.45x10 -17 ). Comparing benign to invasive cervical cancer samples, we also foundseveral statistically significant, differentially expressed sncRNAs: 3,192 circRNAs (*circ_0123115, p=7.46x10 -50 ), 325 miRNAs (*miR-7-5p, p=6.72x10 -36 ), 82 piRNAs (*piR-hsa-27513, p=1.44x10 -15 ), 71 snRNAs (*RNU1-20P, p=1.37x10 -45 ), 52 snoRNAs (*SNORD95, p=1.68x10 -23 ), and 68 tRNA (*tRNA-Cys-GCA-9-3, p=1.01x10 -21 ). * Indicates the sncRNA with the smallest p-value, for each specie. Conclusions: Our results identify sncRNAs with potential utility of as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for cervical precancer and cancer.
RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVES THE BLOOD PRESSURE AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH T2DM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies presenting the benefits in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) undergoing resistance training with one exercise for each muscle group, with three sets at the same intensity. Objective: To compare functional capacity and blood pressure before and after weight training. Methods: Twenty-three patients participated in a weight training program. Maximum strength and functional assessment tests were performed for the lower and upper limbs. The intervention time was 16 weeks, 12 of which consisted of training and four of evaluations. There was an increase in volume with the number of exercises and an increase in intensity with incremental weights. Results: There was significant improvement in most of the functional tests. In the 5x sit-to-stand test in the pre-training period, nine patients recorded times greater than 13.6 seconds. In the post-training period, four maintained the above time, but two reduced the time from 16.1 and 19.6 to 13.9 seconds. In the maximum load strength test there are a significant increase in both upper and lower limbs with 20.8% and 23.4%, respectively. After the training period, there was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure both at rest and after exercise. Conclusion: The weight training program improved muscle strength, functional capacity and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Level of evidence IV; Therapeutic study - Investigation of treatment outcomes.
Enzyme histochemistry of undecalcified bone and cartilage embedded in glycol methacrylate.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Undecalcified bone and cartilage tissue blocks were fixed for 3 h in cold formol-calcium, rapidly dehydrated with a graded series of cold ethanol, and embedded in glycol methacrylate. 2 mum sections were produced with a Sorvall JB-4 microtome using glass knives. The quality of the sections were usually excellent except for hard bone from old subjects where the bone sometimes shattered while sectioning. This method is short, relatively uninvolved and eliminates en bloc decalcification. Moreover, the method is gentle enough to allow the histochemical demonstration of alkaline and acid phosphatase by the azo dye methods, and acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase by the lead precipitation methods.
ACCURACY OF PHYSICAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN MENISCAL TEARS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of study: The diagnosis of meniscal tears is usually based on the patient’s history and on specific physical tests. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy is often necessary for diagnosis. Theofilos Karachalios et al. described the new ‘Thessaly test’ and concluded that it could be safely used as a first line screening test for the selection of patients who need arthroscopic meniscal surgery (Ref: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 May; 87(5):955–62). Our objective was to study the role of physical diagnostic tests in screening for meniscal tears and to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Thessaly test. Methods & Results: We examined 109 patients [(80 male, 29 female), average age 39.11 years, range (16–66)] who presented with a history suggestive of a meniscal tear. Joint line tenderness, McMurray’s test and the Thessaly test were assessed by an independent investigator blinded to any imaging data in all patients. MRI and subsequent arthroscopy results were then collated. Our study showed a much lower diagnostic accuracy for the Thessaly test (61.25 % for medial meniscus and 80 % for lateral meniscus) It is comparable to McMurray’s test (57.14 % for medial meniscus and 77.38 % for lateral meniscus). The Joint line tenderness test has a far superior diagnostic accuracy (80.95 %for medial meniscus and 90.48 % for lateral meniscus). Combining the joint line tenderness test with McMurrays test or the Thessaly test further increased the diagnostic accuracy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected 96% of meniscal tears. Arthroscopy was diagnostic and therapeutic in all cases. Conclusion: Physical tests may not always be diagnostic of meniscal tears. MRI and arthroscopy may be essential in dubious clinical presentations. In our study the Thessaly test in isolation did not have the highest diagnostic accuracy for the detection of meniscal tears but helps increase diagnostic certainty when combined with standard tests.
The effect of the menstrual cycle on bioimpedance reliability

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The potential influence of the menstrual cycle on percent \nbody fat (%BF) measurements from bioimpedance analysis (BIA) \nwas investigated on 36 female Ss (19-40 yr). Subjects were \ndivided into 2 groups based on oral contraceptive agent \n(OCA) use. Those women not using an OCA were placed into \nthe OFF group (n = 20) and those using an OCA were placed \ninto the ON group (n = 16). The menstrual cycle was divided \ninto 4 phases: premenstrual, menstrual, postmenstrual, and \nintermenstrual. All subjects were weighed and tested for \n%BF using BIA a minimum of 12 times, at least 3 times within \neach cycle phase. Subjects were also underwater weighed a \nsingle time, approximately at the middle of their respective \ncycles. Repeated measures ANQVAs were used to test for \nsignificance between and within groups for weight, \nresistance, and %BF across the 12 measurements and across \nthe 4 phases. No significance was found for any variable \ntested with the exception of weight within each group across \nthe 12 measurements (p < . 0 5 ) . Percent body fat data from \nhydrostatic weighing (HW) were compared to BIA values from \neach of the 4 phases using a repeated measures ANOVA and \nPPMC. No significant differences were found (p > .05) \nbetween HW and BIA for any phase. The average correlation \nbetween HW and BIA was .78, SEE = 3.3%. Overall, neither \nOCA use nor the menstrual cycle itself appeared to influence \n%BF measurements from BIA.
GIS BASED GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS of FRACTURE DENSITY of GRANITE ROCK in BEISHan AREA GANSU PROVINCE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geometrical parameters of fractures such as joints in natural rocks are important parameters in fluid dynamics of fracture systems,and are also mainly considered factors for the stability analysis of large-scale projects during construction.Therefore,the importance of these parameters has been fully recognized by engineering scientists.The Jijicao block of the Beishan area in Gansu province is chosen as the studied area in this paper.It is a candidate area for high level waste repository in China.The paper chooses the rock mass fracture system of the granite in Jijicao block as the study object.The trace lengths of fracture system are measured by GPS-RTK technique in detail.The occurrence of the bedrock outcrop fractures is surveyed with compass.Then the ArcGIS software is used in the data statistics and calculation and also applied to studying fracture density in the granite area in the Jijicao block.Finally,geostatistical analysis is used to study the spatial autocorrelation and variability of fracture density.By this way the spatial distribution characteristics of fracture can be recognized.The research results indicate that the fracture density has a strong spatial autocorrelation.Variogram analysis demonstrates that P21 values become antocorrelated at a step of about 20～30m.The difference between the ranges of NS and EW demonstrates that there is heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of fractures.At last the prediction map of P21 value is obtained with the method of ordinary kringing interpolation method.
Soybean Oil Treatment Using the Dissolving Curve Equation of Hydrogen

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The solubility of hydrogen in n-hexane was determined using a homemade reactor. The solubility of hydrogen in soybean oil was established using the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state and the van der Waals mixing rule. The curve equation established a linear relationship between the solubility of hydrogen in oil and the number of moles of hydrogen in the reactor. Under the optimal temperature and catalyst, the relationship between the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogenation of oil and fat and the TFAs formed in the oil was determined. When the reaction pressure exceeded 3.0 MPa, the hydrogenation of oil was consumed. The amount of hydrogen, the rate of hydrogenation, and the change in the TFAs all stabilized. Therefore, the pressure of the general hydrogenation reaction should not exceed 3.0 MPa. This result provides a quick and simple method for controlling TFAs in oils and fats for industrial applications.
Is understanding sustainable banking policy an impediment to bankers in the Nepali banking industry?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to analyze Nepali bankers’ understanding of sustainable banking policy, namely, environmental and social risk management (ESRM). It examines the role of banking and financial institutions (BFIs) and their attitudes toward the implementation of ESRM in Nepal. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative deductive approach. Similarly, banks with sustainability departments that have been implementing the ESRM guidelines since 2020 were selected. The participants were chosen via snowball sampling, and the data were gathered through semistructured interviews. Findings This study revealed that Nepali banks have been applying ESRM policy in their credit assessment and have formed an environmental and social management system (ESMS). The various units within BFIs are found to coordinate effectively, ensuring the integration of ESRM across all types of lending. Furthermore, this study suggests that the orientation of all relevant stakeholders toward ESRM is crucial for ensuring its effective implementation. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations that future research could address to deepen the understanding of sustainable banking. Investigating the systemic challenges faced by Nepali banks, such as limited expertise, high costs and a lack of universal standards, could offer valuable insights. Exploring the broader ecosystem, including regulatory and market dynamics, and conducting cross-country analyses of emerging economies may reveal adaptable best practices for Nepal. Additionally, incorporating perspectives from stakeholders such as customers and regulators could provide a comprehensive view of policy impacts. Future research could also examine innovative sustainable financial products to better meet stakeholder demands and advance sustainability initiatives. Practical implications This study provides key insights for Nepal’s banking sector and its stakeholders. While Nepali banks are progressing in adopting ESRM guidelines, the findings highlight the need for continuous professional development and enabling market mechanisms for effective policy implementation. This insight adds to existing theories by highlighting the critical role of practitioner knowledge and expertise in translating policies into effective action. Even well-designed policies may fail to achieve their intended outcomes without a solid grasp of policy nuances by those responsible for implementation. Originality/value The present study may assist regulatory bodies in understanding the extent of ESRM practices, identifying existing gaps and taking necessary measures to implement appropriate policies. Additionally, other stakeholders, including BFI officers, customers, development agencies and investors, will gain insights into their respective roles in ESRM implementation.
EVALUATION OF FLOOD CONTROL FUNCTION OF EXSISTING DAMS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

近年,我が国では,計画を上回る規模の洪水が頻発しており,将来の気候変動に伴う外力増大を考慮することが喫緊の対応課題である.本研究では,ダムの洪水調節機能に着目し,全国の主要な水系における洪水調節機能の現状把握,ダムの事前放流の実施効果,既存ダムの機能強化(ダム再生)を合理的に進める上での優先度評価手法について検討した.その結果,流域内合計相当雨量を用いて,治水ダムが有効に整備されている水系,治水ダムが十分整備されていない水系,利水ダムが整備されているが治水計画上は洪水調節効果が考慮されていない水系などの相違点を明らかにした.また,既往研究で治水耐力評価指標として提案されている比較定数αとダムの流域面積支配率の関係から,優先的に治水耐力増強を図るべきダムを抽出できる可能性があることを示した.
Rereading “Decadent” Palestinian Hebrew Literature: The Intersection of Zionism, Masculinity, and Sexuality in Aharon Reuveni's ‘Ad Yerushalayim

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article asserts that politics motivated Aharon Reuveni to employ representations of psychic fragmentation and dysfunctional social institutions to portray Palestinian Jewish life in his novelistic trilogy ‘Ad Yerushalayim . These purportedly decadent representations helped him foreground individual and collective flaws he saw limiting the early twentieth-century Palestinian Jewish community's development and promote norms he saw as conducive to growth. Thus, as examination of the trilogy's central male figures demonstrates, Reuveni advances a Zionist masculinity grounded in introspectiveness and ongoing commitment to the achievement of communally shared goals. To further support this Zionist masculine form, the trilogy categorizes men who pursue homosocial ties with others who don't maintain this masculinity as homosexuals. Thus gender and sexuality are used to coerce male readers into adopting specific behavioral norms. This attention to gender and sexuality's role in early twentieth-century Palestinian Hebrew fiction offers a way to grasp its long-overlooked political character.
Motivations for reading stories : : Hedonic responses to fictionality and suspense - eScholarship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reading stories is an immensely popular cross-cultural pastime, even though its utility is not apparent. People read stories in their leisure time, use them to pass along cultural values and religious beliefs, and share them with their children before bed. Fictional stories in particular are popular, even though it is not clear the information they provide can be applied to real experience. This dissertation explores why people read stories by examining variables that cause stories to be experienced as more or less pleasurable. In particular, we examine fictionality and suspense. Chapter 1 describes three experiments investigating differences between reading fiction and non- fiction. Subjects in the experiments read, respectively, brief synopses, anecdotes from popular websites, and longer narratives. In each case, texts were randomly presented as true, fictional, or indeterminate. Results suggest that, all things being equal, readers prefer a story when they believe it is true. This may be because readers generalize that the events described in true stories occur more commonly in real life. At the same time, readers preferred the style of writing they associated with fiction, demonstrating a preference for the artfulness and confluences of circumstance that characterize invented stories. Suspense is widely considered a crucial narrative element. When asked why they read stories, people commonly reply that they want to find out what happens. Chapter 2 tests the idea that not knowing the ending is crucial to enjoying the first read of a story. Across three experiments, readers of, respectively, stories that end in ironic twists, murder mysteries, and evocative literary stories were informed of the endings before they began reading. Readers preferred spoiled stories in all three genres, suggesting that suspense regarding outcomes is not crucial to story enjoyment. Chapter 3 describes three experiments examining the mechanism underlying preference for spoiled stories. The first, using previously spoiled stories, found that it is increased fluency, rather than either greater attention to aesthetic elements or simple appreciation of anticipated endings, that mediates this effect. Knowing how stories end likely allows readers to focus their attention on relevant details and better comprehend the meaning of events
A signals and systems and object oriented programming approach to development of ECG analysis software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A Visual Software Development Framework (VSDF) has been created to facilitate the software coding process of biological signal analysis. A special purpose graphical user interface (GUI) was developed using VSDF for automating the analysis and classification of waveforms in electrocardiographic (ECG) data. Graphing capabilities were included in the program to allow the user to plot the signal as well as trigger location. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) techniques were used in the Java programming language to calculate correlation coefficients between a template QRS complex and detected QRS complexes throughout an ECG recording. The OOP techniques employed in the development of the software package allow visualization of the entire analysis process. The ECG signal, read from a file, is stored into a simple array data structure and is passed to each of the modules. The signals and systems approach allows incorporation of trigger modules, data conversion modules, and numerical analysis modules directly into the software package, providing ease of software design.
THE UTILITY OF MOLECULAR MARKERS FROM NON-LETHAL DNA SAMPLES OF THE CITES II PROTECTED “TARANTULA” BRACHYPELMA VAGANS (ARANEAE, THERAPHOSIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tarantula spiders of the genus Brachypelma Simon 1891 are the only complete genus of arachnids protected from international trade under CITES law. To better understand the genetic cohesion of spiders within this genus, we evaluated multiple genetic fragments (totalling about 2200 bp) for their ability to recover population sub-structure among wild-caught Brachypelma vagans (Ausserer 1875) from Belize. We used a novel non-lethal method of tissue sampling, by inducing autospasy of the medial leg. This method allowed us to release wild-caught individuals of this protected species after DNA sampling. We used arachnid specific PCR primers to amplify targeted regions of B. vagans DNA, testing various combinations for consistency. We compared mitochondrial fragments from two populations of B. vagans (∼50 km apart) for variation in mitochondrial 16S lrRNA (plus 5′ ND1), CO1, and the nuclear ITS-2 spacer. Both lrRNA-ND1 and CO1 provided congruent estimates of population subdivision, and indicated that lrRNA-ND1 contained the greatest variation. The nuclear ITS-2 was surprisingly short (193 bp) and relatively invariant across B. vagans. While both mitochondrial fragments appear suitable to elucidate population subdivision and historical processes in B. vagans, we suggest that mitochondrial markers may overestimate population division in B. vagans. We conclude that along with valuable inferences from mitochondrial regions, the characterization of population sub-structure in tarantula spiders will be enhanced by other estimates from alternate nuclear fragments.