jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Short‐Term Effects of Diverse Compost Products on Soil Quality in Potato Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Core Ideas Compost application increased soil organic matter content and improved soil quality. Compost products with greater C concentrations resulted in greater soil improvements. Particulate organic matter C was the index most responsive to compost addition. Mature composts with greater C concentrations and dry matter were most suitable. Soil quality has declined with intensive potato production practices in New Brunswick, Canada. Compost application may rapidly increase soil organic matter (SOM) and reverse declining productivity. This study assessed five diverse compost products for their short‐term effects on soil quality, and in particular SOM. Selected compost products derived from a range of forestry, marine, and municipal waste materials were compared with a non‐amended control. Treatments were applied to field plots at 45 Mg ha –1 dry weight in October of 2014 and 2015. Biological, chemical and physical soil properties under potato production in 2015 and 2016 (after one and after two consecutive applications) were used to evaluate soil quality. Compost application increased soil pH and concentrations of Mehlich‐3 extractable nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, and S). Compost reduced bulk density in the potato hill by 8% in both years. Particulate organic matter (POM) was the most sensitive indicator to compost‐application with twofold increases in POM‐C. Compost application increased soil organic carbon by 24% in 2016 and also increased permanganate oxidizable carbon, and soil respiration. Several soil properties were strongly correlated with compost composition, with better quality composts (i.e., more mature; greater in C, N, and other plant‐available nutrient concentrations) producing the greatest soil quality response. Overall, mature composts with greater C concentrations (i.e., low ash) and greater dry matter were most suitable for enhancing soil quality in New Brunswick potato production systems.
Contemporary in Italy: art regulatory developments and model to manage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary art regulatory developments in recent years in Italy was apparently less rutilant than the measures which have affected other cultural phenomena. This paper analyzes the international documents which center on persons the cultural policies, and therefore assume that the purpose of the work on cultural products is their fruition. Because of the well known inadequacy of the «ministerial» model to manage cultural institutions, the frequent and impressive use of the foundation as a more flexible managing tool is not surprising. It would be important to discuss and have legislation calibrated for collaborative, unprofitable relationships. Finally, the paper examines the phenomenon of transparency, in search of legitimacy and preservation of reputation, and criticizes, even in terms of constitutional legitimacy, the mandatory gratuity of positions in cultural institutions.
A block matching algorithm for deriving quality-tunable motion estimation architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy efficient designs are prime requirements for portable multimedia devices where compression is done for efficient data transmission and store. The video compression requires huge computations in which maximum power is consumed within motion estimator (ME). This paper presents a new VLSI architecture of ME that provides the tradeoff between quality and energy. We propose a novel triangular search block matching (TSBM) algorithm that reduces the significant amount of computations within motion estimator. The proposed TSBM algorithm computes only a few initial search points and conserves power significantly by exploiting the high correlation between consecutive frames. The sub-sampling and threshold techniques are also employed to further reduce the complexity of each search point. The proposed architecture provides improved energy efficiency with acceptable output quality. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm reduces computation complexity by 60.9% and 39.9% over the Three-step and Diamond search algorithms respectively. The sub-sampling technique reduces the sum of absolute difference computation complexity by 50%, and threshold provides further 3.2% reduction with 0.02dB PSNR degradation. Further, the proposed ME architecture provides 77.8% energy saving over the exiting architectures. Keywords: Motion estimation, Block matching search, Video processing.
Borderline tumors of the ovary and peritoneal implants.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The new WHO series on Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Breast and Female Genital Organs (33) defined to name the group of epithelial ovarian tumors with a dignity between benign and malignant exclusively as Borderline Tumors of the Ovary (BOT) and to skip the term "... of low malignant potential". Further, the term "atypical proliferative tumour" was not recommended by the WHO. During a Consensus Meeting on Borderline Tumors of the Ovary held at Bethesda on August 27-28, 2003 (2) the expert panel also recommended to use the BOT terminology. However the term "tumour of low malignant potential" and--less favourable--"atypical proliferative tumour" may be used as synonym. Both groups agreed unanimously that the name carcinoma should not be included in the diagnosis. The group of borderline ovarian tumors is heterogeneous. 80 to 90% of the cases have a very favourable prognosis while 10-20% exhibit a recurrent clinical course with peritoneal implants and very rarely death from the tumor within 10 years. The morphological criteria and supporting methods for recognizing unfavorable BOT and for distinguishing them from highly differentiated ovarian carcinomas are summarized. The prognostic importance of peritoneal implants is described. The concept of micropapillary serous carcinomas (MPSC) and its implications on the diagnostic work of pathologists will be discussed. The presented data focus on serous tumors since this is by far the most common variant.
HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND INTUBATION USING MACINTOSH, MILLER AND MCCOY BLADES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Direct Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential components of administration of general anaesthesia but trigger major stress response, in the form of in­creased catecholamines leading to tachycardia and hypertension. This study is designed to compare the haemodynamic stress response with the Macintosh, McCoy and Miller blades. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in 150 ASA grade I and II pa­tients, undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia from March 2017, were randomly divided into three groups using Macintosh, McCoy and Miller blade for endotracheal intubation respectively. Results: The groups were also comparable in respect to gender, mean age, ASA grade, Cor­mack and Lehane grade, Laryngoscopic intubation time, baseline heart rate, heart rate before laryngoscopy, baseline mean arterial pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure before laryngos­copy. The mean heart rates at end of 1, 3 and 5 minute were 93.58±13.11, 88.28±11.57 and 83.64±10.94 bpm with Macintosh blade; 93.08±12.09, 94.54±11.87 and 87.50±10.72 bpm with McCoy blades; 108.20±13.94, 95.18±12.75 and 93.22±12.32 bpm with Miller blades. Rise in heart rate as well as mean arterial pressure following intubation was greatest with Miller blade, followed by Macintosh blade and least with McCoy blade and was statistically significant (P< 0.01). Conclusions: Miller blade produced maximum haemodynamic stress response, followed by Macintosh blade and McCoy blade produced the least haemodynamic response, hence the latter is preferable when less haemodynamic response is desired.
Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia in a Thrombocytopenic Child Presenting without Amegakaryocytosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is an inherited bone marrow syndrome due mutation of the thrombopoietin receptor c-Mpl. Affected children present with thrombocytopenia at birth and absence or severe reduction of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and usually progress to complete bone marrow failure within the first decade of life. Mutations of c-Mpl have been classified as either type I mutations, in which the receptor has lost all activity, or type II mutations, in which the receptor retains some degree of function. Clinically, type II patients have a slightly delayed onset of bone marrow failure (mean age 48 months) compared to type I patients (22 months). Here we describe a girl with CAMT who had a clinical course similar to patients with type I mutations but without marked amegakaryocytosis at onset. The patient was born with intracranial hemorrhage due to severe thrombocytopenia (platelets 17K), which was initially thought to be due to alloimmune thrombocytopenia because of consistent platelet antigen typing studies and because the child responded to transfusion with her mother’s platelets and not to random donor platelets. However, thrombocytopenia persisted and she did not respond to immune directed therapies such as IVIG, prednisone or Rituximab, and after 14 months of age she began to develop neutropenia and anemia and by 24 months she had progressed to severe aplastic anemia. Bone marrow evaluation at 3 months showed trileage hematopoiesis with only mildly decreased megakaryocytes although they were noted to be small with hypolobulated nuclei. By 6 months of age, however, megakaryocytes appeared mildly decreased but were morphologically unremarkable and the marrow showed increased hematogones. At 24 months, marrow cellularity had decreased to 5% of normal with frank amegakaryocytosis. Sequencing of c-Mpl revealed two heterozygous mutations, one at Arg102Pro in the extracellular domain and the other one resulting in a stop codon at amino acid 541 in the intracellular domain. Arg102Pro is the most commonly occurring mutation reported in CAMT and is generally associated with type II disease. 541Stop is the first mutation reported in exon 11 and results in truncation of the receptor shortly after the box 1 homology domain. Previous in vitro studies involving the murine homolog of this mutation, which is missing all but the proximal 28 amino acids of the intracellular domain, demonstrated that it does not signal in response to thrombopoietin. This case illustrates the variation in clinical phenotype that can be seen in CAMT and the importance of gene sequencing for accurate diagnosis.
1 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex: Impact on Excitability and Task Performance in Healthy Subjects

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) at a frequency of 1 Hz was shown to reduce excitability in underlying brain areas while increasing excitability in the opposite hemisphere. In stroke patients, this principle is used to normalize activity between the lesioned and healthy hemispheres and to facilitate rehabilitation. However, standardization is lacking in applied protocols, and there is a poor understanding of the underlying physiologic mechanisms. Furthermore, the influence of hemispheric dominance on the intervention has not been studied before. A systematic evaluation of the effects in healthy subjects would deepen the understanding of these mechanisms and offer insights into ways to improve the intervention. Methods Twenty healthy subjects underwent five 15-minute sessions of neuronavigated rTMS or sham stimulation over their dominant or nondominant motor cortex. Dominance was assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Changes in both hemispheres were measured using behavioral parameters (finger tapping, grip force, and finger dexterity) and TMS measures (resting motor threshold, recruitment curve, motor area, and cortical silent period). Results All subjects tolerated the stimulation well. A pronounced improvement was noted in finger tapping scores over the nonstimulated hemisphere as well as a nonsignificant reduction of the cortical silent period in the stimulated hemisphere, indicating a differential effect of the rTMS on both hemispheres. Grip force remained at the baseline level in the rTMS group while decreasing in the sham group, suggesting the rTMS counterbalanced the effects of fatigue. Lastly, dominance did not influence any of the observed effects. Conclusions This study shows the capability of the applied low-frequency rTMS protocol to modify excitability of underlying brain areas as well as the contralateral hemisphere. It also highlights the need for a better understanding of underlying mechanisms and the identification of predictors for responsiveness to rTMS. However, results should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size.
Pi2 pulsations with second harmonic: CRRES observations in the plasmasphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pi2 pulsations observed on the ground at low latitudes often exhibit multiple spectral peaks, and this property has been attributed to the harmonics of plasmaspheric cavity mode resonance. We show that multifrequency Pi2 pulsations simultaneously observed from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) and at Kakioka ( L = 1.26) can be explained by the cavity mode. The pulsations occurred in a 40‐min time span on 20 January 1991. CRRES was within the plasmasphere at L = 6.1, on the dipole equator, and very near midnight. Kakioka was also very close to midnight. The pulsations consisted of two spectral components, ∼7 mHz ( f 1 , fundamental) and ∼12 mHz ( f 2 , second harmonic). At CRRES, the f 1 oscillation was observed in the azimuthal component, E φ , of the electric field, while the f 2 oscillation was observed in the compressional component, B z , of the magnetic field. At Kakioka, by contrast, both the fundamental and second harmonic oscillations were detected in the horizontal component, H . The spectral separation between E φ and B z implies that the spacecraft was located near the node/antinode of cavity mode resonance excited at multiple harmonics. Further support for this interpretation is provided from analyses of the phase of E φ and B z .
Design and simulation verification of selftuning smith predictors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with a design of algorithms for self- tuning digital control of processes with time-delay. The algorithms are based on the some modifications of the Smith Predictor (SP). One modification of the SP based on the digital PID controller was applied and it was compared with two new designed modifications based on polynomial approach (pole assignment and minimization of the quadratic criterion). The program system MATLAB/SIMULINK was used for simulation verification of these algorithms. Some of designed algorithms are suitable for implementation in real time conditions.
A Novel Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for the Identification of HCN4 CNBD Ligands

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are promising therapeutic targets because of their association with the genesis of several diseases. The identification of selective compounds that alter cAMP-induced ion channel modulation by binding to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) will facilitate HCN channel-specific drug development. In this study, a fast and protein purification-free ligand-binding approach with a surface-displayed HCN4 C-Linker-CNBD on E. coli is presented. 8-Fluo-cAMP ligand binding was monitored by single-cell analysis via flow cytometry, and a Kd-value of 173 ± 46 nM was determined. The Kd value was confirmed by ligand depletion analysis and equilibrium state measurements. Applying increasing concentrations of cAMP led to a concentration-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensity, indicating a displacement of 8-Fluo-cAMP. A Ki-value of 8.5 ± 2 µM was determined. The linear relationship of IC50 values obtained for cAMP as a function of ligand concentration confirmed the competitive binding mode: IC50: 13 ± 2 µM/16 ± 3 µM/23 ± 1 µM/27 ± 1 µM for 50 nM/150 nM/250 nM/500 nM 8-Fluo-cAMP. A similar competitive mode of binding was confirmed for 7-CH-cAMP, and an IC50 value of 230 ± 41 nM and a Ki of 159 ± 29 nM were determined. Two established drugs were tested in the assay. Ivabradine, an approved HCN channel pore blocker and gabapentin, is known to bind to HCN4 channels in preference to other isoforms with an unknown mode of action. As expected, ivabradine had no impact on ligand binding. In addition, gabapentin had no influence on 8-Fluo-cAMP’s binding to HCN4-CNBD. This is the first indication that gabapentin is not interacting with this part of the HCN4 channel. The ligand-binding assay as described can be used to determine binding constants for ligands such as cAMP and derivatives. It could also be applied for the identification of new ligands binding to the HCN4-CNBD.
Sir Frederic Bartlett Lectureship

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Few studies have compared technical success and effectiveness of transradial access (TRA) versus transfemoral access (TFA) for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We compared the two approaches for technical success, effectiveness, and outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively compared TRA with TFA for AIS MT at our institute. We additionally performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the use of TRA alone or in comparison with TFA for MT. Primary outcomes included rate of successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) >2b), number of passes, access-site complications, and 3- month mortality and favorable functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2).

Results

A total of 222 consecutive patients (TRA=93, TFA=129) were included in our case series. The rate of successful reperfusion was significantly higher for the TFA cohort (91.4% vs 79.6%, P=0.01) with lower mean number of passes (1.8±1.2 vs 2.4±1.6, P=0.014). Three-month mortality in the TFA group was lower (22.1% vs 40.9% for the TRA cohort (P=0.004), with a higher rate of favorable functional outcomes (51.3% vs 34.1%, P=0.015). A meta-analysis of 10 studies showed significant heterogeneity in rates of successful reperfusion (57.1% to 95.6%, heterogeneity=67.55%, P=0.001). None of the previous comparative studies reported 3-month mortality and functional outcomes.

Conclusions

This case series demonstrate a higher successful reperfusion rate, fewer passes, lower 3-month mortality, and improved 3-month functional outcomes with TFA. The systematic review highlights the inadequacy of existing evidence. Prospective comparative studies are needed before a ‘radial-first’ approach can be adopted for stroke intervention.
Interconnected Component Applications for AEC Software Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The writers expect a surge in interest in computerized management information and decision support systems in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. This trend is nourished by the need for more effective computer support and given momentum by the development of computer tools that facilitate increasing participation from end users. An interconnected component application (ICA), the integration of off-the-shelf software to create customized applications, is introduced and discussed as an alternative route to providing innovative information system solutions. Such applications promise to be modular, flexible, and relatively inexpensive, yet rapid in development. This paper is devoted to the background and technologies supporting ICAs, key elements to implement an ICA, key planning and design guidelines for developing ICA applications, and a description of how user development is accomplished. Two case studies of ICAs developed by the writers are reported, followed by analyses and conclusions.
Canon Law and the Letters of Ivo of Chartres. By Christof Rolker. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, 4th series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, xiii + 396 pp. £65.00 cloth.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Canon Law and the Letters of Ivo of Chartres. By Christof Rolker. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, 4th series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, xiii + 396 pp. £65.00 cloth. - Volume 81 Issue 1
‘The exigency of war’: taxation and the Second World War, 1939–1945

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

… whether we remain at home in relative safety, or whether we pass across the narrow water to fight, we must all live and work with a responsibility for the continuation of the struggle upon our shoulders. I can only hope that the careful reflection of the economist and the financial expert … may help, in some tiny degree, to sustain our common burden.E. F. M. Durbin, How to Pay for the War: An Essay on the Financing of War (London, 1939), pp. 20–1
Impact of High‐intensity Ultrasound on Protein Structure and Functionality during Food Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This chapter deals with the ability of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) processing to modify the structural and physicochemical properties of food proteins and how these changes affect their technological and biological functionality. The plausible mechanisms involved in the HIU-induced structure modifications of food proteins such as denaturation and/or aggregation processes, the use of HIU to promote protein glycation via the Maillard reaction, the capacity of HIU to modify food protein solubility, gelling, foaming, emulsifying properties or IgE immunoreactivity, and the effect of HIU on protein susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis are discussed in detail. Although more studies are necessary to broaden the knowledge of the effect of HIU technology on food protein conformation and functionality, HIU is an efficient technology that can modify the structure of food proteins and, consequently, modulate their functional properties.
Performance enhancement of Solar Vehicle by integration of supercapacitors in the energy storage system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To improve the performance of Solar Vehicle (SV), supercapacitor has been used as an auxiliary energy storage system. Indeed, SCs are used as an energy storage device during fast power changes and recovers the braking energy to enhance the SV autonomy. In other hand, the batteries are used to meet the energy requirements for a relatively long duration and to store the excess of energy. This work addresses the modeling, control and power management of the electric traction system of a solar vehicle which uses photovoltaic as an energy source. The storage system is insured by a combination of supercapacitors and batteries. The hybrid storage system improves the efficiency of the overall system. The simulation result has been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the integration of the supercapacitor in the photovoltaic energy storage of solar vehicle in terms of reducing the peak currents in the battery pack and increasing the battery life. The obtained results prove that the electrical stresses on the battery are reduced by introducing supercapacitor.