jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Fingerprint Pattern Distribution Frameworkof Telugu Population in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fingerprint and its comparison have been consequential in a criminal investigation as well as to settle civil disputes. The present study was conducted on the Telugu population having the sample loads of 1660 digit which consist of 73 Males and 93 Females. In the present research work, it was observed that the Ulnar loop patterns showed the highest number of repetition than the other patterns. It was observed that the Ulnar loop fingerprint pattern was reported to be the maximum repetition frequency of 835 times and on the other hand, the Tented arch pattern was recorded as the minimum repetition frequency of 36 times. Further, the female subjects in the Ulnar loop pattern were reported the higher percentage of repetition of 52.04% than the male subject of 48.08%. The outcomes of the present research work will help the Investigating agency by confining the area of investigation in the event that specific unique pattern is recuperated from the area of wrongdoing.
Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: is there a role for vitamin D? A systematic review of the evidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) has significant cardiovascular and metabolic implications. Hypovitaminosis D has been linked to IR in various populations; however, its relationship with insulin sensitivity in T1D remains unclear. This review aimed to investigate the association between hypovitaminosis D and IR in individuals with T1D. Vitamin D may enhance glucose metabolism by protecting pancreatic β-cells, and therefore, insulin secretion. Animal studies and clinical trials have suggested that vitamin D supplementation improves β-cell survival and can slow disease progression when initiated soon after T1D diagnosis. Nevertheless, its impact on insulin secretion in established T1D is limited because of significant β-cell loss at diagnosis. Moreover, vitamin D can improve insulin sensitivity by attenuating renin-angiotensin system activity, enhancing insulin receptor expression, activating metabolic pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, and reducing inflammation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines associated with IR. Studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and IR in T1D, with higher vitamin D levels being associated with reduced IR odds across various age groups. However, factors such as the body mass index may influence this relationship, particularly in younger populations, indicating complex interactions. Despite preliminary evidence, the link between hypovitaminosis D and IR in T1D remains underexplored. The evidence reviewed in this work underscores the need for further research to clarify this relationship and explore the detailed mechanisms involved.
The accuracy of FibroScan, FIB-4, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in predicting biopsy-defined fibrosis and steatosis across all fibrosis stages in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver biopsy is the gold standard for quantifying steatosis and fibrosis. It is unclear how noninvasive tests (NITs) accurately correlate to liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease who underwent liver biopsy in South Texas and had at least 1 contemporaneous NIT result available to determine the accuracy of NITs as compared to liver biopsy in accurately staging fibrosis and steatosis. The study included 460 patients with liver biopsy and at least 1 NIT. Data captured was based on standard of care and was non-interventional in nature. Performance characteristics of the NITs were analyzed based on the degree of fibrosis defined by liver biopsy. The majority of patients were female (66.4%), middle-aged (51 years), and Hispanic/Latino (73.3%). In patients with F3/F4 fibrosis, FibroScan accurately identified only 45.9% with advanced fibrosis. Even when using society recommended results from fibrosis-4 combined with FibroScan, concordance with liver biopsy was only reported in 68.9% of patients. Patients with biopsy-defined advanced steatosis (S3) were identified as having advanced steatosis by FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter score in 89.7% of patients; however, controlled attenuation parameter score overly predicted advanced steatosis in 81.4% with biopsy-defined S1/S2 steatosis. NITs should be used as first line to assess steatosis and fibrosis; however, the optimal combination of these tests has not been elucidated and properly compared to liver biopsy to assess true diagnostic accuracy. Until the optimal set of NITs are found, any diagnostic or clinical inconsistencies should be resolved with liver biopsy to avoid staging errors, particularly underestimating fibrosis in those with advanced disease.
Posttranslational Modification in Megakaryocytes Regulates β1 Integrin Expression, Migration and Platelet Production in Vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Platelet recovery following bone marrow transplant and radiochemotherapy is crucial to prevent bleeding complications. Defects in glycosylation have been associated with decrease in blood platelet counts. However, the role of posttranslational modification in platelet production remains elusive. We here investigated the role of β1,4 galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1), the key glycosyltransferase regulating lactosaminoglycan (LacNAc or βGal1,4 GlcNAc) expression by adding galactose (Gal) to terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), in platelet production. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), but not thrombopoietin promotes megakaryocyte (MK) migration towards the bone marrow sinusoids, thereby increasing platelet production. SDF-1 (CXCL12) upregulated LacNAc expression in fetal liver wild type (WT), but not β4galt1-null megakaryocytes (MKs) lacking β4GalT1, suggesting that SDF-1 promotes LacNAc expression in vivo to regulate MK migration and platelet production. In support of this hypothesis, β4galt1-null mice had severe macrothrombocytopenia with increased bone marrow MK numbers, but normal platelet clearance. Ploidy, expression of the major glycoproteins (GPIbα/V/IX and αIIbβ3) and the surface expression of the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 were normal in β4galt1-null bone marrow MKs. However, β4galt1-null bone marrow MKs had increased surface and total β1 integrin expression, as determined by flow cytometry, immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Mature CD42b/CD41 positive β4galt1-null MKs co-localized poorly with endoglin positive bone marrow sinusoids (49.9 ± 2.1 %), compared to WT MKs (72.4 ± 0.6 %). Expression of laminin, the major β1 integrin ligand, was upregulated in β4galt1-null MKs, suggesting that loss of LacNAc expression on β1 integrin increased its function. To exclude an extrinsic contribution to the failure of β4galt1-null MKs to migrate, β4galt1-null fetal liver (E14.5) hematopoietic cells (FLHCs) were transplanted in lethally irradiated WT mice. Transplanted β4galt1-null FLHCs restored bone marrow MKs, but failed to migrate to sinusoids and produce circulating platelets. In marked contrast, production of β4galt1-null white blood cells was normal. Together, our results suggest that SDF-1 upregulates β4GalT1-dependent LacNAc expression to promote MK migration and interaction with BM sinusoids, likely regulating MK β1 integrin expression and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix, specifically laminin. Understanding of the mechanisms regulating posttranslational modifications induced by various hematopoietic stimulating chemokines and cytokines will contribute to better platelet recovery following bone marrow transplant and radiochemotherapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Single Line Outage Analysis on IEEE 39 Bus Network

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the recent blackouts in Texas, Manhattan, and NE US, the importance of analyzing outage is greater than ever. Contingency Analysis is helpful to increase the resiliency of power system by analyzing impact of different contingencies. The effect of single transmission line outage in a transmission network has been studied with IEEE 39 bus network. Each of the branches has been disconnected one at a time to find effect on generator constraints, voltage constraints of buses, transmission line loading and possibility of islanding. PSS®E Xplore 34 was used for the simulation. The results show that single transmission line outage may impact generator power factors, increase demand of reactive power from the generators, and overload other transmission lines. Transmission line outage may lead to several violations of system constraints leading to islanding. This study may help research on different impacts of single transmission line outage and improve power system resilience.
An Evaluation and Preparation of Ferromagnetic Liquid Composites for Use at Millimeter Wavelengths.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ferrofluid composites containing polystyrene, tin, copper, aluminium, carbon and silver particles 1 to 50 micron in diameter have been prepared by dispersing the articles in ferrofluids with M s = 400 to 800 G. Thin film samples 1 micron to 1 mm thick have been studied using a 3 mm microwave source and Fourier Transform Spectrometry. Large microwave absorptions (60%) which are induced by small fields of less than 100 Oe have been observed in thn film composites containing metal particles. Magnetic absorptions arise from chain formation in composition and this has been modelled using Monte-Carlo simulations. Good agreement between the observations and theoretical predictions is obtained. Keywords include: Magnetic Fluids; Composites; Thin films; Microwave; Dichroism; and Birefringence.
Metagenomic analysis of bat virome in the Guangxi-Vietnam border area

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The areas covering Guangxi, China and Vietnam have greatly and geographically strategic importance. These areas have abundant bat resources with many harboring diverse zoonotic viruses. In order to monitor the cross-border transmission of bat viruses in the Guangxi-Vietnam border area and to prevent potential emerging infectious diseases caused by bat viruses, understanding the bat virus diversity and their evolution are greatly necessary. Here we conducted viral metagenomic analysis of bats sampled in the border area, and results revealed 49 families of viruses, including those infecting vertebrate, plants, insects and bacteria. Additionally, we screened hepadnavirus, bocaparvovirus, group A rotavirus, astrovirus, rhabdovirus and coronavirus in those bat samples, and phylogenetically analyzed those amplicons. Results showed that astroviruses were widely present in those animals with great genetic diversity, but other viruses were only detected in some specific bats. Bocaparvoviruses and rhabdoviruses were significantly divergent from currently known viruses, and possibly were prototypes of new species. Notably, group A viruses identified here shared high identity with a human virus, suggestive of inter-species transmission and reassortment. The present study profiled the viromic composition harbored by bats in Guangxi-Vietnam border area, and inspected epidemiological situation and evolutionary characteristics of some viruses. Those findings provide fundamental data to cross-border transmission of bat viruses and predict bat virus-related zoonotic potentials.
Evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes and practices about sun exposure and sunscreen usage in outpatients attending a dermatology clinic in North India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Multiple studies are available from West, regarding knowledge, attitude and practices related to sun exposure and usage of sun protective measures, however there is a paucity of such studies in Asian population. India being a tropical country, receives abundant sunlight and Indians are chronically sun exposed. So, we planned to assess the knowledge and awareness about sun protective measures in patients from North India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using specially designed questionnaires was carried out. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used wherever appropriate. Results: A total of 500 patients were included, with majority being females. The mean age was 48.41 years and Fitzpatrick skin type V (60.4%) was the most commonly observed. 68.2% respondents reported daily sun exposure while 31.8% had reported occasional sun exposure. 34.6% had less than 1 hour of exposure, 20.8% had exposure of 1-3 hours and 44.6% had sun exposure more than 3 hours per day. 88% patients were aware of the harmful effects of sunlight. 74% respondents were aware of the benefits of sunscreen but only 26% were using them. Only 6% of those who were using sunscreen, were using sufficient amount and only 4% were reapplying. Most common reason for not wearing sunscreen was lack of awareness (44%). The most common source for information in our participants was social media and television. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the knowledge and practice of usage of sunscreen was sub optimal, suggesting the need of awareness programs and targeted interventions to fill this gap.
Deep learning-based classification of multi-categorical Alzheimer's disease data.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is urgent to find the appropriate technology for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the unknown AD etiopathologies that bring about serious social problems. Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has pivotal importance in delaying or preventing the AD onset. Herein, we utilize deep learning (DL) techniques for the purpose of multiclass classification between normal control, MCI, and AD subjects. We used multi-categorical data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) including brain imaging measurements, cognitive test results, cerebrospinal fluid measures, ApoE4 status, and age. We achieved an overall accuracy of 87.197% for our artificial neural network classifier and a similar overall accuracy of 88.275% for our 1D convolutional neural network classifier. We conclude that DL-based techniques are powerful tools in analyzing ADNI data although further method refinements are needed.
Evolution and molecular characterization of clinical respiratory macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis was to molecularly characterize macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (SPN) isolates in Canada between 1998 and 2008. The characterization involved looking at the multi-drug resistant phenotype (MDR), the mechanisms of macrolide resistance, the genetic relatedness, the serotype distribution and PCV7 vaccine coverage as well as the determination of presence of pili-virulence factors. The hypothesis of the study was that macrolide-resistant SPN will growingly be MDR, genetically related, piliated and consisting of serotypes not found in PCV7 vaccine. Over 1500 macrolide-resistant SPN isolates collected between 1998 and 2008 were studied. Macrolide-resistant isolates came from patients from all regions of Canada, and from all age groups. They came from slightly more males (60%) and slightly more in-patients (62%). Macrolide resistant SPN remained low at 8% during the first 4 years of the study, and started to increase reaching 22% by the end of the study in 2008 (p=0.001). Overall the most common mechanism of resistance was efflux mediated by mef(A) (51%), followed by target site modification mediated by erm(B) (36%). The efflux mediated macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae was predominantly due to the presence of subtype E (95%), which was resistant to more antibiotic classes, and was genetically and serotypically more diverse than the A subtype. Isolates carrying both erm(B) and mef(A) macrolide resistance genes increased overtime from 1% (1998) to 19% (2008) (p=0.002). Serotype distribution showed a decrease in PCV7 vaccine coverage from 67% to 31% (p=0.0072). Isolates with non-PCV7 serotypes increased overtime from 33% to 57% (p=0.0152). Isolates with serotype 19A increased by 15% (p=0.005). They were found to be multi-drug resistant, carried both erm(B) and mef(A) subtype E macrolide resistance genes, and were genetically related. The presence of virulence factor pili-type 1 (PI-1) and pili-type 2 (PI-2) was found associated with these isolates, possibly contributing to its emergence. In conclusion, macrolide resistant SPN increased during the course of this study mostly due to emergence of multi-drug resistant, genetically related, piliated, 19A S. pneumoniae.
Use of Electronic Resources in Degree College Libraries in Chandigarh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The electronic resources (e-resources) available in a library play a prominent role in facilitating access to required information to the users in an easy and expeditious manner. The e-resources, like CD-ROM databases, online journals, online books, OPACs, and the internet, are slowly replacing the importance and usage of print media. A study of 11 degree colleges in Chandigarh, which have students and teachers strength of over 30000, was conducted. For the purpose of the study, a sample selected was 770 which included 60 students and 10 teachers from each of the colleges, respectively. The objectives of this study was to know the usage of e-resources and services by the users of degree college libraries in Chandigarh; find out the impediments encountered by the users while accessing and using the e-resources; and suggest measures to take full advantage of IT to make degree college libraries more digitally resourceful and for providing information services data from the users.teachers and students.to know the impact of e-resources. The data collected was analysed using simple percentage technique. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.31.6.1323
Rodriguez, Sarah B.: Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States. A History of a Medical Treatment. Rochester, University of Rochester Press, 2014. 292 p. $ 70.–. ISBN 978-1-58046-498-7

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

146 Gesnerus 74 (2017) Eids des Hippokrates.Weitere traditionelle Verhaltensformen und Wertvorstellungen wurden unter dem Etikett der Deontologie verwissenschaftlicht. Darunter versteht Polianski das «selbstreferenzielle Modell ärztlicher Verhaltensnormierung, das beanspruchte, verbindliche Werte und Normen aus sich heraus nach Maßgabe des medizinischen Codes und jenseits von Ideologie und Politik zu generieren».Solches dem Leser hohes Abstraktionsvermögen abverlangende Soziologen-
Jansenists and Jesuits

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Thanks to the manuscripts Wansleben collected, from the 1670s onwards France, of all countries north of the Alps, was at a unique advantage for research into the Church of Alexandria. When one of the greatest French orientalists of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Euse`be Renaudot, produced by far the most important work on the early history of the Egyptian Church, an invaluable supplement to Wansleben’s study of Coptic practices, he denied any debt to Wansleben’s study, but admitted depending on the manuscripts which Wansleben sent back to France and which he consulted as soon as they arrived in Paris.1
Aldehydes Switch Regioselectivity: a Prins Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Indoline‐fused THFs and Indole‐fused Oxepanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We have identified a switchable Prins cyclization process to form indoline‐fused tetrahydrofurans and indole‐fused oxepanes by applying different types of aldehydes under two sets of optimized conditions. Significantly, a novel Prins reaction mechanism involving an oxonium‐mediated rearrangement in the formation of five‐membered cyclic ethers is realized for the first time. magnified image
Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure in Type 2 Diabetic versus Non-diabetic Patients: Changing Trends, Natural History, and Outcome in an Indian Tertiary Care Center.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF) is not typical of diabetic nephropathy and suggests non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). We conducted an analysis of the data of RPRF patients (28 diabetic and 88 non-diabetic patients) with doubled creatinine over 2 weeks to 3 months and/or presented with >4 mg serum creatinine without prior renal disease to ascertain the types of lesions and compare the patients' histopathology. The primary outcome was dependence on dialysis at 1 year. Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of RPRF in both groups. No particular lesion was more frequent in either group. Dependence on dialysis at 1 year was similar in both groups and was associated with dependence on dialysis at presentation but not diabetes. Crescentic glomerulonephritis was the most common in non-diabetic patients (57.9 vs. 25%, P = 0.002), and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was seen in diabetic patients (21.4 vs. 11.4%, P = 0.179). Both factors were associated with adverse renal outcomes. Diffuse global glomerulosclerosis at presentation suggested a poor outcome in both groups. Diabetic nephropathy was seen in 14.29%, and its presence did not affect the outcome. The etiology of RPRF in diabetic patients has changed and is similar to that in non-diabetic patients, with no specific lesions predominating. Diabetic nephropathy does not alter the outcome for those with RPRF. Diffuse global glomerulosclerosis, being on dialysis at presentation, and ATN in a diabetic patient indicate a poor outcome and need close follow-up. Diabetic retinopathy should not prevent us from investigating for NDKD.
Preparation of B4C Thin Film by Intense Pulsed Ion-Beam Evaporation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Boron carbide (B 4 C) is known as a material having hardness, wear resistance and stability at high temperature. The preparation of thin films of B 4 C, therefore, is very important from the viewpoint of industrial applications. We have experimentally attempted to prepare thin films of B 4 C using the pulsed ion-beam evaporation (IBE) technique, where high-density ablation plasma is produced by an intense pulsed ion beam interaction with the target. The crystallized B 4 C thin films have been successfully deposited on a Si (100) substrate by front-side and mask-side deposition. Absorptions associated with the B–C combination and the vibration of B 12 –B 12 clusters have been observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Vickers hardness of the film deposited by front-side deposition is observed to be HV∼2300.
Analysis of the Rationality of Drug Use in Outpatient Prescriptions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality of prescription writing and promote rational drug use through review and analysis of prescriptions.METHODS: By a retrospective study,a total of 8 941 outpatient prescriptions in our hospital from July 2007 to June 2008 were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS: The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.1 kinds;the application ratio of antibiotics was 39.08%; the application ratio of injections was 30.42%;the essential drugs represented 88.82%;generic drugs accounted for 99.14%;the average amount of money per prescription amounted 84.33 Yuan;167(1.87%) prescriptions were irrational.CONCLUSION: The outpatient drug use in our hospital is reasonable on the whole yet it is far from perfect.Clinical pharmacists' review on prescriptions is an important means to investigate the irrational drug use.Therefore,the role of clinical pharmacists should be strengthened to promote clinical rational use of drugs.