jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in normal and neoplastic human cell lines and normal human tissues.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase form the primary enzymic defense against toxic oxygen reduction metabolites. Such metabolites have been implicated in the damage brought about by ionizing radiation, as well as in the effects of several cytostatic compounds. These enzymes were analyzed in 31 different human normal diploid and neoplastic cell lines and for comparison in 15 normal human tissues. The copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase appeared to be slightly lower in malignant cell lines in general as compared to normal tissues. The content of manganese superoxide dismutase was more variable than the content of the copper- and zinc-containing enzyme. Contrary to what has been suggested before, this enzyme did not appear to be generally lower in malignant cells compared to normal cells. One cell line, of mesothelioma origin (P27), was extremely abundant in manganese-containing superoxide dismutase; the concentration was almost an order of magnitude larger than in the richest normal tissue. Catalase was very variable both among the normal tissues and among the malignant cells, whereas glutathione peroxidase was more evenly distributed. In neither case was a general difference between normal cells and tissues and malignant cells apparent. The myocardial damage brought about by doxorubicin has been linked to toxic oxygen metabolites; particularly, an effect on the glutathione system has been noted. The heart is one of the tissues which have a low concentration of enzymes which protect against hydroperoxides. However, the deviation from other tissues is probably not large enough to provide a full explanation for the high doxorubicin susceptibility. In the present survey, no obvious relationship between generally assumed resistance to ionizing radiation or to radical-producing drugs and cellular content of any of the enzymes could be demonstrated.
Know Truth, Believe Truth, Live Truth: How Walking with Jesus Should Change Your World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hi! I'm so glad you decided to pick up this study. Welcome to a project that is a result of several years of work, thought and experience. It has been put together for you with lots of love, and I hope you benefit from reading through it. I designed it for my honor's thesis project as a part of my graduation requirements. I chose it because I wanted to share some of the things God has taught me through walking with Him. When I was little, I always wanted to be a writer, and I guess this was my chance.\nI grew up in a wonderful Christian family, and decided to follow Jesus when I was nine. My life was reasonably normal for a church kid. I kept myself out of trouble, went to youth group and got along pretty well with my parents most of the time. As I went through college, I began to realize how much my life should revolve around my identity of being "in Christ". It should affect the way I relate to God, the way I solve problems, and relate to others. I have so much left to learn about this, but here is a compilation of some of the things I have learned along the way.\nThis study is intended for young women in their college or early career years. It is not limited to these girls, but most of my examples and analogies are geared toward people going through that life experience. I also wrote it for a believing audience having some prior knowledge. If you are brand new to this idea of following Jesus, or haven't figured out what you think of it yet, this might not be the best resource for you. Don't worry about being a Bible scholar to read this study, but the optimum audience has a little experience with God's Word and the ideas behind the Christian faith.\nAs far as layout is concerned, there are four chapters. Each chapter is built around an area that is affected by God's transforming truth as found in His Word. In every chapter, you'll find six devotional entries with a few questions to think over or a writing exercise at the end. One entry per day is good pacing, allowing you a day to skip during the week or on the weekend. This study can be done in a small group or on your own. If you use it for a small group, you can use the day off to meet and discuss the chapter together.\nThanks again for taking the time to read through this study on the way God's truth changes lives. I hope you will let it begin to change your life and draw you closer to your Redeemer.
Design with Nature in Bio-Architecture Whit emphasis on the Hidden Rules of Natural Organism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engineers, designers and architects often look to nature for inspiration. The research on ‘natural constructions’ is aiming at innovation and the improvement of architectural quality. The introduction of life sciences terminology in the context of a2rchitecture delivers new perspectives towards innovation in architecture and design. The investigation is focused on the analogies between nature and architecture. From the time immemorial, human beings have been accompanied with the nature and natural organisms. These interactions sometimes lead to different and contradictory paradigms but the natural organisms have always been the inspiring sources for humans. Mother Nature has devotes its countless gifts and resources generously to human beings to be able to develop their civilizations all over the world. Each with its own culture, beliefs, values, traditions, attitudes and ethics; are the elements of people differentiation in different societies. In the other hand, we are nature. So, we should respect and learning from nature. However, they necessarily not always successful as degree of their success depended upon their perception and understanding of the nature of organisms. Later, some biological comparisons were introduced focusing on formal and structural aspects to have wider perspective about the nature of the organisms and new rules and regulations. These gave rise to critical faults and disadvantages. Like human beings themselves, their architectures possess integral, united and harmonic system that is demonstrated in the best possible form in the natural organisms. The present work attempts to introduce some of the principles, rules and regulations related to the natural organism and then describes how to apply those organisms in architecture. Finally, it realizes the ways of going beyond the motional principles in order to attain a multidimensional humanistic architecture.
Field-induced magnetization structure in small isotropic spheres

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Computations of cylindrically-symmetric magnetization distributions are reported for a perfect and isotropic ferromagnetic sphere. The total energy is minimized numerically for various applied fields, with no constraint other than imposing that symmetry. It is found that the curling configuration at zero field is maintained throughout the whole magnetization process, with only a tilt towards the field direction, which increases with increasing field. There is no hysteresis in such an ideally-soft sphere, and the theoretical initial susceptibility is infinite.
Management Learning bei Siemens

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Auch wenn ich Mathematik studiert habe, war ich doch zu keinem Zeitpunkt "Nur-Mathematiker". Eigentlich von Beginn an war für mich die Mathematik vielmehr etwas, was ich nutzte und benutzen kann, um letztlich andere Dinge zu machen. Ich habe mir allerdings nie träumen lassen, dass ich mich einmal im "Lernen", als Leiter des "Management Learning" bei Siemens, wiederfinden würde.
Radiation stress protein LlrG from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 alleviates 60 Coγ-induced injury in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microbial food is an important direction of sustainable food development in the future. Microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important sources of natural radioprotectors. Moderate environmental stress can induce stress response and improve biological activity of LAB. In the previous study, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 (L. lactis IL1403) cell-free extract induced by ionizing radiation (IR) of 500 Gy (IR-CFE) presented the stronger radioprotective effect than untreated cell-free extract in mice. To explore the radioprotective active substances of IR-CFE, the key protein was screened by proteomics and its radioprotective effect in vivo was further evaluated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)enrichment showed that two-component systems (TCS) were enhanced to adapt the IR induction. Meanwhile, the protein LlrG belonged to TCS was screened by the protein-protein interaction. Furthermore, the recombinant protein LlrG (rLlrG) could markedly alleviate the 60Coγ-induced damage to the hematopoietic system, oxidative stress and inflammation in mice, thereby exerting its radioprotective function. These results suggested LlrG protein not only played an important role in the adaptation of L. lactis IL1403 to IR environment, but also exerted a good radioprotective effect, which could be applied in the development of protein-based radioprotectors.
Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Responses Associated With Self-Selected Versus Standardized Recovery Periods During a Repeated Sprint Protocol in Elite Youth Football Players: A Preliminary Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To examine the physiological and perceptual responses of youth footballers to a repeated sprint protocol employing standardized and self-selected recovery. Methods: Eleven male participants (13.7 ± 1.1 years) performed a repeated sprint assessment comprising 10 × 30 m efforts. Employing a randomized cross-over design, repeated sprints were performed using 30 s and self-selected recovery periods. Heart rate was monitored continuously with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and lower body muscle power measured 2 min after the final sprint. The concentration of blood lactate was measured at 2, 5 and 7 min post sprinting. Magnitude of effects were reported using effect size (ES) statistics ± 90% confidence interval and percentage differences. Differences between trials were examined using paired student t tests ( p < .05). Results: Self-selected recovery resulted in most likely shorter recovery times (57.7%; ES 1.55 ± 0.5; p < .01), a most likely increase in percentage decrement (65%; ES 0.36 ± 0.21; p = .12), very likely lower heart rate recovery (-58.9%; ES -1.10 ± 0.72; p = .05), and likely higher blood lactate concentration ( p = .08–0.02). Differences in lower body power and RPE were unclear ( p > .05). Conclusion: Self-selected recovery periods compromise repeated sprint performance.
Growth of an invasive legume is symbiont limited in newly occupied habitats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mutualisms may play an important role in the establishment and invasion success of introduced species, but their influence is little studied. To test whether a lack of root nodule symbionts may limit the performance of invasive legumes, seedlings of Cytisus scoparius were introduced to an old‐field habitat and then either inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains from existing C. scoparius populations, or left uninoculated. In two separate years, inoculation more than doubled average plant biomass. For uninoculated transplants, nodule formation was positively correlated with proximity to plants of the native legume Desmodium canadense , but not related to distance from a second legume species, Apios americana. Polymerase chain reaction assays and DNA sequencing confirmed that bacteria isolated from uninoculated C. scoparius plants were indistinguishable from Bradyrhizobium strains in root nodules of D. canadense . By contrast, bacterial strains associated with A. americana were never found in C. scoparius nodules. Transplants in seven other habitats across a 160 km region also showed a highly significant, fivefold biomass increase in response to inoculation. Thus, colonizing legumes can suffer from a scarcity of nodule symbionts. However, certain indigenous legumes may create favourable microhabitats for invasion, by increasing symbiont availability in their vicinity.
Advance in the study of human rabies immunomodulator and its application

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human rabies is a fatal disease,so the immunization therapy and prophylaxis of rabies are especially important.Considerable progress has been made in the production and use of rabies vaccines in the past century from nerve-tissue vaccines、embryonated egg vaccines to cell-culture vaccines.Antiserum and immunoglobulin of rabies have been purified continually.Proper pre-exposure vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis could decrease incidence obviously.New immunomodulator and its application make it possible to reduce the dose of vaccines、enhance immunization efficiency and expand immunization population.
High‐Voltage Rechargeable Alkali–Acid Zn–PbO2 Hybrid Battery

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted attention owning to their advantages of safety, low cost, and sustainability, while the limited electrochemical stability window (1.23 V) of water leads to their failure in competition with organic‐based lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, we report an alkali–acid Zn–PbO 2 hybrid aqueous battery obtained by coupling an alkaline Zn anode with an acidic PbO 2 cathode. It shows the capability to deliver an impressively high open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 3.09 V and an operate voltage of 2.95 V at 5 mA cm −2 , thanks to the contribution of expanding the voltage window and the electrochemical neutralization energy from the alkali–acid asymmetric‐electrolyte hybrid cell. The hybrid battery can potentially deliver a large area capacity over 2 mAh cm −2 or a high energy density of 252.39 Wh kg −1 and shows almost no fading in area capacity over 250 charge–discharge cycles.
[Pharmacokinetic study of 2-(N-benzylamino)adamatane (bemantan) by a gas-liquid chromatographic method].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pharmacokinetics of bemantan 2-(N-benzylamino)adamantane was studied in rat experiments by gas liquid chromatography after the drug was administered in a single dose per os or intraperitoneally. It has been shown that the drug per os is rapidly absorbed by the blood and enters the viscera, readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Intraperitoneal administration of the drug in the form of a starch suspension delays the attainment of the maximum drug blood level. With both routes of administration the drug rapidly disappears from the blood and organs. Small amounts of the unchanged drug are excreted in bound and free forms with urine. Rapid disappearance of the drug from the blood and organs is likely to be accounted for by its intensive metabolism, but the formation of conjugated metabolites and their binding to tissue structures.
Abstract 28: Cord Blood Derived Macrophages Promote the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Krabbe Disease (KD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding galactocerebrosidase (GALC). GALC deficiency leads to accumulation of the toxic metabolite psychosine in myelin-forming oligodendrocytes causing severe demyelination. Presymptomatic hematopoietic stem cell transplants can slow the progression of disease, but ultimately there is no cure. We previously demonstrated that DUOC-01, a first-generation macrophage cell-therapy manufactured from banked human umbilical cord blood cells, which when injected into the corpus callosum, enhanced remyelination in immunocompromised mice treated with the demyelinating agent, cuprizone. Further, DUOC-01 could promote the maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes via remyelinating factors (Remy-Macs). Objectives In this study, we set out to test if DUOC-01 and their secreted Remy-Macs could rescue oligodendrocyte deficits and improve survival in GALC deficient mice. Methods First, we generated primary OPC cultures from GALC deficient mice and measured OPC maturation by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR of myelin basic protein (MBP). To test if DUOC-01 impacted OPCs via secreted factors, we incorporated the use of transwell assays. To test if DUOC-01 or Remy-Macs could promote remyelination in vivo, we injected DUOC-01 or used Alzet osmotic pumps to deliver therapies into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results We first tested the effects of DUOC-01 and Remy-Macs on primary OPC cultures isolated from neonatal control of GALC deficient mice. We observed comparable oligosphere growth in cultures derived from GALC deficient mice and their wild-type litter mates, indicating a normal function for twitcher OPC proliferation. However, OPC differentiation was compromised in GALC deficient mice, demonstrated by decreased MBP expression. DUOC-01 and Remy-Macs increased the production of MBP at both mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, infusion of Remy-Macs into the CSF of GALC deficient mice improved survival. Discussion Our data demonstrated that DUOC-01 or Remy-Macs promoted the differentiation of OPCs isolated from GALC deficient mice. Further, infusing Remy-Macs into the CSF of GALC deficient mice extended life span. Our data suggest DUOC-01 or Remy-Macs have the potential to be further developed into a novel cell-therapy to treat Krabbe and other demyelinating diseases.
Real time multiple object tracking with improved object interference handling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Having the ability to track multiple objects in video sequences by object detection can result in not only useful applications such as video surveillance but also problems which includes object re-identification, poor motion prediction and occlusion. While multi-object tracking (MOT) is a deeply explored area, it is not yet successfully solved using computer vision methods and artificial intelligence. Due to highly dynamic environment in MOT, objects often collide and occlude each other hence resulting in false initializing and ID switching. In order to reduce the occurrence of these issues, this paper presents a simple method which integrates existing tracker and various methods such as calculating the cosine differences in visual features and changing the relevant thresholds, to improve the accuracy. This tracking system is evaluated on MOT17 benchmark detection rubrics and the results achieved showed improvements as compared to having no such extensions.
Understanding the Gender Gap in Small Business Success

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors explore how urban versus rural community location shapes the extent to which various individual, relational, and structural factors affect the gender gap in small business success. Building on previous research on gender and small business success, gender queuing theories, and gendered organization/institution theories, they develop a place-specific theory of the gender gap in small business success. The findings, based on small business data collected in urban and rural Iowa (1995 and 1997), support queuing arguments and raise questions about the effectiveness of crowded-sector explanations. They indicate that the gender gap in small business success operates such that men-owned businesses are more successful in both urban and rural settings but that men-owned businesses are even more successful than women-owned businesses in urban than rural communities. The authors discuss the causes and consequences of the gender gap in small business success in rural and urban places and identify key issues for further research.
Tuberculin Skin Test Results and the Booster Phenomenon in Two-Step Tuberculin Skin Testing in Hemodialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with chronic renal failure are at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have recommended annual skin testing for TB, with tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD), in patients with chronic renal failure. Uremia alters the macrophage function, which can lead to anergy for skin tests. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and the booster effect of TST in hemodialysis patients living in a relatively underdeveloped portion of the country. Material and Methods. Patients were recruited from Van (Yuzuncu Yil University Hospital, Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital) and the Mus State Hospital). At the time of this study, a total of 143 patients were under hemodialysis treatment in these hemodialysis centers, and among them, 124 were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained before inclusion in the study. A positive PPD was an induration of >10 mm in response to five tuberculin units of PPD (RT23-Tween 80), at 72 h. TST-negative patients received a booster TST 10 days later, ~ 10 cm away from the previous intracutaneous injection. The test dose could not be increased due to unavailability of this kind of preparation. The test was performed and interpreted in the same way. Skin testing was performed in June and December 2003. Patients with known active TB are not included in the study. Testing was not done in hospitalized patients to rule out effects of other disease states. Results. Mean age of the patients was 45.3 ± 16 (range 13–82) years. All patients were on HD treatment twice (n: 14) or three times (n: 110) weekly. Duration of dialysis before TST was 30 ± 17 (12–84) months. With the first test (n: 14), 11.3% of the patients showed a positive reaction; the second test added (n: 15) 12.1% more TST-positive patients, reaching a total of (n: 29) 23.4% of the patients with a positive TST. The mean induration of the positive TST was 16 ± 4 mm in the first test and 15 ± 3 mm in the second. Five (17.2%) of the patients with positive PPD and two of the patients (2.1%) with negative PPD results subsequently developed active TB within 12 months. Conclusion. We found a significant booster effect in our hemodialysis patients using TST-2. Repeat PPD test with the same dosage could detect positive patients more than twofold higher. Among positive PPD patients, TB incidence is considerably high.
Why We Must Raise the Age of Juveniles: A Scientific Review

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Since 1971, the age at which people are no longer considered juveniles in the eyes of the law has been 18 years old. However, given that 18–25-year-olds have the highest rate of crime of all age groups, it is clear that prison is not working well to prevent future crimes of this specific group; The system in place is failing these ages. Neuroscience evidence has proven that the brain is still maturing after 18 years-old, especially in brain regions related to criminal behavior and instincts. In this paper, using evidence from neuroscience, I propose that the age of adulthood in the courtroom must be revised to reflect new discoveries in brain science.