jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The development of Oyster - a shallow water surging wave energy converter

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In 2005 Aquamarine Power Ltd. was formed to develop Oyster, a near shore flap which is hinge connected to the sea bed. With a combination of private equity and grant aid a 350kW Oyster module has been designed and it is planned to install a prototype module at the EMEC test site in Orkney when the nearshore test berth is available. In this version of Oyster high pressure sea water will be pumped ashore to drive a Pelton wheel. Ultimately it is envisaged that Oyster units will be arranged in clusters feeding power to a power take off unit of between 3.5 and 5 MW capacity. Arrays of clusters will form power stations of 20 to 100 MW capacity. An extensive research and development programme has produced a very efficient structural form, which gives Oyster one of the highest power to weight ratios of all current technologies combined with high capture factors in the most commonly occurring seas. The sea bed foundations and installation technique developed enables Oyster to be easily removed and reinstalled for major maintenance when required. This is a feature normally associated with moored devices. Although there are other bottom-hinged flap devices, Oyster is different in several ways and occupies a different part of the design space. For example, unlike the other systems it completely penetrates the water column from the water surface to the sea bed. Although it might be considered that such a system would be vulnerable in extreme seas, extensive wave tank modelling has shown that the flap intrinsically decouples from the wave as the oscillation increases and that the wave loads experienced are manageable in the three operational modes; generating, undamped and parked on the sea bed. However, model tests show that Oyster can remain generating in all sea-states including plunging breakers. This paper charts the evolution of Oyster presenting some of the research that has led to the current design. An outline of the impending sea trials of a prototype demonstration unit is given along with the projected outcomes.
Numerical Simulation of Free Surface Flows with SPH Method

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The SPH method is used in simulating two phenomena of the Free Surface Flows:bursting dam and the propagation of waves towards pond.The method of boundary force is used to deal with the boundary condition.The results of the computations show that SPH has the superiority in simulating the phenomena of large deformation,and the method of boundary force can be used to deal with the boundary condition effectively.
REPRESENTASI NILAI BAIK DAN BURUK YANG DIREPRESENTASIKAN OLEH BINATANG DALAM PERIBAHASA BAHASA JEPANG

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the Representation of Good and Bad Values Represented by Animals in Japanese Proverbs. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of animals used in Japanese proverbs based on their frequency and identify the values represented by good, bad, and neutral in these proverbs. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that there were 51 types of animals used, with the frequency of animal types that are often used are dogs, birds, horses, snakes, cats, foxes, fish, frogs, tigers and cows. Good value representations are generally represented by proverbs that use domestic animals such as fish, birds and cows and wild animals such as foxes and storks. Then the representation of bad values is widely depicted by wild or wild animals such as tigers, dragons, dogs, monkeys, snakes, and crows. While the neutral value representation is depicted by the types of frogs, horses, and cats.
Pedagogical, Professional, and Resource Concerns: Understanding Pre-service Teachers' Preparedness for Inclusive Education Implementation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The focus of this study was to explore the underlying factor structure of pre-service teachers’ concerns related to their implementation of inclusive education. In the Pakistani context, limited research exists on pre-service teachers’ concerns regarding preparedness for inclusive education implementation, while education around the world is gaining increasing prominence in inclusive education. A quantitative approach to data collection was adopted from the pre-service teachers (N=635) from five Pakistani universities using a thirty-item questionnaire. The dimensionality of teachers’ concerns was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Oblimin rotation. Bartlett’s test (p < .001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (.938) indicated sampling adequacy. The EFA revealed a three-factor structure explaining 52.77% of the total variance: Pedagogical Preparedness concerns (10 items, variance=18.76%), Professional Efficacy concerns (10 items, variance=17.72%), and Resource and Support Concerns (10 items, variance=16.31%). There was strong internal consistency among all factors (Cronbach’s α .898 to .903). Intercorrelations among factors were extremely low (.009-.072), indicating distinct dimensions. The results suggest that pre-service teachers’ concerns with inclusive education occur along the dimensions of pedagogic skills, competency to deliver inclusive education, pre-service teachers’ professional development needs, and the provision of institutional support. The results of this study give good insights into teacher education programs in Pakistan in terms of targeted interventions in these three areas. The empirically validated factor structure of the survey provides a framework for the study of concerns among pre-service teachers with respect to the implementation of inclusive education. The relationship of these factors with actual teaching performance and student outcomes in inclusive settings is important for future research.
[Use of optical coherence tomography for prognosis of the severity of oral mucositis].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The results of oral mucosa monitoring by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the course of radiochemotherapy of 18 cases of oropharyngeal cancer are discussed. Damage to the mucosa was mainly assessed using contrast characteristics deterioration and reduction of epithelial layer thickness. Significant variation in OCT image characteristics was identified vs. mucositis grade and prognostic criteria for individual mucosal radiosensitivity worked out intact contrast on day 1 of mucositis should be interpreted as a sign of relatively mild complication. Blurred contrast would indicate mucositis stage III-IV development. Numerical analysis of OCT image patterns confirmed the contribution of the endothelial blood vessels and connecting tissue to radiation-induced damage to the mucosa.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMBINED GRADED REPETITIVE ARM SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAM (GRASP) AND CONSTRAINT INDUCED MOVEMENT THERAPY (CIMT) VERSUS CONVENTIONAL THERAPY ON HAND AND ARM FUNCTION IN SUB ACUTE STROKE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background of the study: Stroke (CVA) is a rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain. The aim of the study is to compare a combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program versus Conventional Therapy on arm and hand functions on sub acute stroke. Methods: This is a Quasi experimental study. Sampling of 30 subjects of age >40years of both sexes are selected from the JKKMMRF College of Physiotherapy. Group A of 15 subjects receives combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program, Group B of 15 subjects receives Conventional Therapy. Pre and post intervention were assessed by Fugl Meyer Assessment scale and Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory. Result: Group A sub acute stroke patients included in the study completed the 15 sessions of combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program they were re-evaluated at the six- month follow-up. The significant P value is less than 0.0001 which is extremely significant. Conclusion: we conclude that the combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program has improvement of arm and hand functions on sub acute stroke.
Effect of vasoconstrictor tone on pressure responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increasing sympathetic activity by either carotid occlusion or raising intracranial pressure increases the incidence and magnitude of the depressor response to both epinephrine and norepinephrine in dogs whose total circulation is maintained at a constant rate by a perfusion pump. Decreasing sympathetic activity by raising carotid sinus pressure reduces the incidence of this response to these drugs. Similarly, in the hindlimb perfused at a constant rate, the depressor response to these agents increased in frequency and magnitude during carotid occlusion or electrical stimulation of the sympathetic chain. This enhancement of the depressor effects seems to be a peripheral effect rather than a direct inhibitory effect of the catecholamines upon transmission through sympathetic ganglia.
Nothing is certain in string compactifications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A bstract A bubble of nothing is a spacetime instability where a compact dimension collapses. After nucleation, it expands at the speed of light, leaving “nothing” behind. We argue that the topological and dynamical mechanisms which could protect a compactification against decay to nothing seem to be absent in string compactifications once supersymmetry is broken. The topological obstruction lies in a bordism group and, surprisingly, it can disappear even for a SUSY-compatible spin structure. As a proof of principle, we construct an explicit bubble of nothing for a T 3 with completely periodic (SUSY-compatible) spin structure in an Einstein dilaton Gauss-Bonnet theory, which arises in the low-energy limit of certain heterotic and type II flux compactifications. Without the topological protection, supersymmetric compactifications are purely stabilized by a Coleman-deLuccia mechanism, which relies on a certain local energy condition. This is violated in our example by the nonsupersymmetric GB term. In the presence of fluxes this energy condition gets modified and its violation might be related to the Weak Gravity Conjecture. We expect that our techniques can be used to construct a plethora of new bubbles of nothing in any setup where the low-energy bordism group vanishes, including type II compactifications on CY 3 , AdS flux compactifications on 5-manifolds, and M-theory on 7-manifolds. This lends further evidence to the conjecture that any non-supersymmetric vacuum of quantum gravity is ultimately unstable.
RNA folding via algebraic dynamic programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to apply the framework of Algebraic Dynamic Programming (short ADP) to a well known problem with established significance in bioinformatics, to implement the current "state of the art", and finally to go one step further and solve one of the open problems. Ab initio RNA secondary structure folding of a single sequence was chosen as a perfect fit to the requirements. First, because of the compactness of the field, showing a clear path from the first description of the Nearest Neighbor model by Tinoco and others in a Nature paper from 1971, via the base pair maximization algorithm by Nussinov and others in 1978, to the first efficient and complete solution to the free energy minimization problem by Zuker and Stiegler in 1981, and then on to a number of further refinements to date (Tinoco et al., 1971; Nussinov et al., 1978; Zuker and Stiegler, 1981; Wuchty et al., 1999; Lyngsoe et al., 1999). Second, there is a clear description of an open problem in a paper by Zuker and Sankoff in 1984, that to our knowledge has not been solved yet (Zuker and Sankoff, 1984). It is the problem of reducing the structure space of a given RNA to saturated secondary structures whose helices can not be extended any further by legal base pairs.
Individual differences in detecting and sharing misinformation: Positive schizotypy, conspiracy beliefs, and autism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Misinformation is widespread, but only a minority of social media users actively share it. This paper considers whether three aspects of individual differences - positive schizotypy, conspiracy beliefs, and autism - differentiate those who believe in and share misinformation, from those who do not. Study 1 (N = 451) considered the effects of these variables on veracity discernment (i.e., the ability to differentiate true and false information). Higher levels of positive schizotypy and conspiracy beliefs were independently associated with poorer veracity discernment. Secondary analyses suggested that the effect of positive schizotypy might operate through reliance on intuitive rather than reflective thought, while the effect of conspiracy beliefs might arise from higher levels of gullibility. While autism did not generally affect veracity discernment, moderation analysis suggested that it improved veracity discernment amongst individuals high in positive schizotypy. Paradoxically however, autistic individuals were more likely to report having shared false political information in the past. Study 2 (N = 676) compared data from a new sample of autistic individuals with a sample from previous research. Again, autistic individuals were more likely to report having shared false political information, but did not differ in performance on a veracity discernment task.\n
Household Distribution of Contraceptives in Rural Egypt

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Oral contraceptives were offered to all married, fecund women 15-44 years of age living in 38 Egyptian villages with a population of 200,000. Before the household distribution, contraceptive prevalence was 19.1 percent. Nine months after the distribution, the contraceptive prevalence increased to 27.7 percent, a relative increase of 45 percent. Based on this study, a modified delivery system is currently being tested on a governoratewide basis. The modified system will include a wider range of fertility regulation methods and will also have health and community development components.
Proteins Modified by Malondialdehyde, 4-Hydroxynonenal, or Advanced Glycation End Products in Lipofuscin of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The identification of lipid peroxidation and glucoxidation products in proteinaceous LF components in human RPE supports the hypothesis that these compounds are involved in lipofuscinogenesis and may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of LF in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. Their identification may help to identify potential future treatment targets.
Modelling the Drying Behaviour Of Salted Shark Fillets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Shark fillets (10 x 5 x 1 cm) which were previously osmotically treated in saturated brine solution(4h, 30C) were dried in a horizontal air flow cabinet oven at 40C (40% rh), 50C (25% rh) and 60C (15% rh)as well as under tropical ambient conditions (30C, 60% rh). The air speed in the oven was fixed at 1.5 m/sand under ambient laboratory conditions, less than 0.5 m/s. Sample weight, moisture content, salt content andwater activity were measured as the slabs dried. Slab moisture content decreased logarithmically with dryingtime, and increasing the dry bulb temperature from 30C to 50C resulted in a greater decline in moisturecontent as well as lower equilibrium moisture values. Further increasing the temperature to 60C resulted in aninitial increase in drying rate, followed by a dramatic decline due to case hardening of the slabs. Drying ofslabs at 30C and 40C occurred in both the constant rate and falling rate periods. Drying at 50C and 60Coccurred in the falling rate period only. The falling rate period occurred in two phases, each characterised by arate constant (k1 and k2). k1-values estimated from plots of ln (M-Me/Mo-Me) increased from 0.0389 to 0.3051 h-1as drying temperature increased from 30-60C. At the same temperatures, diffusion coefficients for the firstfalling rate period (D1) calculated according to Ficks Law increased from 1.1 x 10-6 to 8.6 x 10-6 cm2s-1.Activation energy estimated from an Arrhenius type equation averaged 55.6 KJ/mol.
THE GERMANIC AND THE ROMANIC SPIRIT: FRIEDRICH KAPP'S CASTING OF THE AMERICAN STRUGGLE BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT In his Geschichte der Sklaverei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (1860), Friedrich Kapp drew on a German concept of a clash between Germanic and Romanic civilisations to explain the American conflict between North and South. Kapp responded to an analogous ideology propagated by Southerners that divided the US into an Anglo‐Saxon North and Norman South. In doing so, Kapp demonstrated a unique synthesis of German and American thought that set his response to the South apart from that of Anglo‐American anti‐slavery thinkers. More importantly, by applying the clash of civilisations in a transatlantic way, Kapp universalised and strengthened the concept for its eventual later application again in Germany.
Peer Review #1 of "Phylogeography of Swertia perennis in Europe based on cpDNA markers (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background.Swertia perennis (Gentianaceae) is a perennial diploid and clonal plant species that is discontinuously distributed in peat bogs in the mountains of Europe, Asia and North America as well as in the lowlands of Europe.The current geographical dispersion of S. perennis is probably the result of quaternary climatic changes that have played an important role in determining the distribution of Swertia and other plant and animal species.Methods.In this study we used molecular techniques and combined data from chloroplast DNA markers (trnLF region and trnH-psbA spacer) to elucidate the phylogeography of S. perennis in Europe.Plants were collected from 28 populations in different locations in the lowlands and mountainous areas of Europe (e.g. the Carpathians, Sudetes, Bohemian Forest and Alps).cDNA was analysed to detect the genetic relationship between specimens from different locations.Results.A total of 20 haplotypes were identified across the dataset.They were characterised by a high level of genetic variability but showed a lack of phylogeographical structure.This pattern may be the result of repeated recolonization and expansion from several areas.Such genetic differentiation may also be attributed to the relatively long-term isolation of S. perennis in Pleistocene refugia in Europe, which resulted in independent separation of different cpDNA phylogenetic lineages and variation in the nucleotide composition of cpDNA.Discussion.The lack of strong phylogeographical structure makes it impossible to indicate the centre of haplotype diversity; however, refugia located in the Carpathians, Sudetes or Alps are the most probable sites where S. perennis existed in Europe.This lack of structure may also indicate a high level of gene flow in times when the landscape and fen systems were not fragmented in numerous geographically-isolated populations.This makes it difficult to speculate about the relationships between Asiatic and European plant populations and the origin and distribution of this species in Europe.Today, it seems to be restricted due to the occurrence of plants which clearly reflects the genetic variability from the ancient period.
Evaluation of a "heads-up" display for cardiopulmonary bypass.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Multiple variables must be analyzed during cardiopulmonary bypass in order to judge the adequacy of perfusion. Variables when viewed singly can be confusing and lead to inaccurate representation of the physiological status of the patient. Communication between the perfusionist and members of the surgical team requires accuracy and complete presentation of pertinent data. Toward this goal of improving the assimilation and processing of information during cardiopulmonary bypass, a multivariable computer-aided "Heads-up Display" (HUD) was developed. Modern jet pilots use heads-up display for rapid assimilation of information when making judgments about the performance of their aircraft and weapons systems. Heads-up display is an electronically generated display that is superimposed upon a pilot's forward field of view. An analogy between a jet pilot and a perfusionist can be made. A geometric form, a hexagon, is used as part of the heads-up display for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-HUD). The polygon represents a performance evaluation graph. Each of the six "spokes of a wheel" represents a physiological parameter. The represented variables are: cardiac index, peripheral vascular resistance, hematocrit, dynamic operating blood level, venous saturation, and mean arterial pressure. The perfusionist inputs target values. Target values are then compared to actual values and expressed as a percentage. If all targeted values are achieved, the graphical representation is a hexagon. The surgical team rapidly recognizes abnormal patterns that are outside individual target values. They include, but are not limited to, patterns of: vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, hypovolemia, decreased oxygen carrying capacity, and several others. The CPB-HUD has proved to be of value for planning, real time evaluation, retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary bypass benchmark data, and as an aid in the teaching of new personnel concerned with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Resonance Assignments for Solid Peptides by Dipolar-Mediated 13C/15N Correlation Solid-State NMR

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTResonance Assignments for Solid Peptides by Dipolar-Mediated 13C/15N Correlation Solid-State NMRMei Hong and Robert G. GriffinView Author Information Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 28, 7113–7114Publication Date (Web):July 1, 1998Publication History Received9 March 1998Published online1 July 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980775whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980775wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Carbonyls,Peptides and proteins,Quantum mechanics,Resonance structures Get e-Alerts