jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of between analytical platform variability on the classification of pleural effusions into exudate or transudate using Light's criteria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Light's criteria are ratios of pleural fluid to serum total protein (TP), pleural fluid to serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pleural fluid LDH to the upper reference limit for serum LDH. They are used to classify pleural effusions into an exudate or transudate when pleural fluid protein is 25–35 g/L. We evaluated the impact of between analytical platforms on the classification of pleural effusions using Light's criteria. Methods Light's criteria were used to classify pleural effusions with fluid TP between 25 and 35 g/L into exudate and transudate. LDH and TP were analysed using an Abbott ARCHITECT c16000 analyser using a lactate to pyruvate method for LDH and two Roche Cobas 800 c702 analysers, one using a lactate to pyruvate method (laboratory B) and one a lactate to pyruvate method (laboratory C). Results Eighty-three paired serum and pleural fluid samples were analysed. Of these, 44 samples had a pleural fluid TP between 25 and 35 g/L and were classified according to Light's criteria. Classification of pleural fluid into transudate or exudate using different analytical platforms was 82% concordant. The LDH ratio and TP ratio were similar in laboratory B and laboratory C, but these were respectively lower (p<0.001) and higher (p<0.001) than those at laboratory A. Conclusions Although Light's criteria are ratios, which should minimise interassay variability, we report 18% discordance between different analytical platforms. The discordance was largely due to the performance of LDH and to a lesser extent protein assays in pleural fluid. Laboratories should be aware that assays may perform differently in serum and pleural fluid.
[What physical therapy techniques can be used to improve airway freedom in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In individuals with ALS rehabilitation is mainly designed to prevent fatigue and contracture, to improve independence and activities for as long as possible, to optimize ability to live with the handicap, and finally to maximize quality of life. The functional impairment must be defined and physical therapy techniques have to be adapted to each patient and reevaluated frequently during the course of the disease. Various types of massage and exercise, monitored by a physical therapist are effective. Strengthening or endurance exercises are controversial as exercise may injure muscle fibres and motor neurons. Isometric exercise, short of fatigue, of unaffected muscles is recommended. Range of motion exercise is critically important for preventing contraction. Assistive and adaptative equipments are essential for maintaining the patient's activities of daily living and home equipment preserves independence. Several orthoses for hand, arm, foot or cervical weakness are available. A wheelchair is an important adaptative device when walking becomes too fatiguing or impossible. Choice for special options and features may require attention. Pulmonary complications are prevented with adapted techniques for bronchic obstruction. Based on the degree of weakness of limb and axial muscles six stages of functional impairment can be defined ranging from fully ambulatory in stage I to bedridden and totally dependent in stage VI. This staging provides a framework for physical therapy evaluation and guidance for appropriate rehabilitation in ALS patients.
Palynological Study on Core Samples from Lake Biwa-ko

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the present writer deals with the change of paleoclimate of Lake Biwa-ko during the past 0.6 million years. The purpose of the writer is to clarify paleoclimate and to establish the late Quaternary chronology which is comparable to European and American chronological time-tables, from the viewpoints of paleontological and chemical studies of the present core samples of nearly 12 meters and 200 meters in length. On the basis of palynological study, though temperature during the late glacial age is regarded as several degrees in centigrade lower than the present one, the temperature during the Flandrian transgression of the Postglacial age is about two degrees in centigrade higher than the present one. The analysis of the 200 meters core sample showed that most of the samples contained fossil pollen grains and/or spores of about 40 genera and/or families. As a result of the analysis of the pollen and spore assemblages, ten cold climatic stages (co-1, co-2, ……, co-10) were recognized throughout the boring core. In the same core, warm climatic stages (w-1 and w-2) were found two times including the Postglacial climatic optimum. It is true that the warm climatic stage shown by the abbreviation w-1 and cold climatic stage shown by co-1 in Fig. 2 are correlated with the Atlantic age and the last stage of the Würm glacial age respectively. On the basis of pollen analysis of about 12 meters core sample, the pollen grains of Oryza are found in the samples of 0-3.4 meters below the present lake bottom as shown in Fig. 4. Judging from the radiocarbon dating, the horizon of 3.4-3.7 meters deep is inferred to be about 2, 900 3, 000 years before the present. In addition, many grass pollen grains and spores are also found in the samples of 0-3.7 meters (about 3, 000 years B. P.). Their frequency in the above-mentioned horizons is higher than that of the other horizons. Such phenomena of the ancient flora indicate an influence of ancient man upon natural vegetation in the latest Jomonian and/or early Yayoian period.
Inhibition of Mumps and Influenza B Virus Multiplication by Synthetic Poly-D-Lysine.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryPoly-D-lysine, though ten times more toxic, inhibited mumps and influenza B Lee strain viruses to approximately the same extent as poly-L-lysine in the allantoic sac of the chick embryo. As little as 0.001 mg per embryo of either lysine polypeptide was sufficient to inhibit high levels of viral infection. Evidence was obtained which suggested the existence in allantoic fluid of enzymes which hydrolyze both poly-D-lysine and poly-L-lysine.
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, secreted in response to transforming growth factor-β1 under hypoxic conditions, induces autocrine effects on migration of prostate cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

的 VEGFR-2 的激活被显示提高 PC3 房间的移植。类似的效果也被观察，内长的 VEGFA 由 TGF-β 导致了； 1 并且组织缺氧。这些调查结果说明那经由 VEGFR-2 的 VEGFA 的一个 autocrine 环为 TGF-β 的 tumorigenic 效果是批评的； 1 并且变形前列腺癌症上的组织缺氧。
Between Party and Protest: Hybrid Party-Movements, Popular Mobilization, and Authoritarian Capture in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on contentious politics generally assumes that social movements at the forefront of challenging authoritarian rule are among the most committed to democratization. The explicit assumption is that social movements mobilize against authoritarian regimes simply because they are authoritarian, not because of underlying ideological convictions that may or may not favor democracy over the long-term. This dissertation suggests that this perspective suffers from a onedimensional understanding of social movements that relies on conceptual and theoretical distinctions between state and society that are not as clear-cut as some of the empirical evidence indicates. While conventional dichotomies between state and non-state groups have been helpful in explaining how western social movements have positively impacted democratization, they have been less helpful in explaining cases where such boundaries become blurred and amorphous, sometimes producing authoritarian outcomes. Based on archival research, discourse analysis of interviews, and participant observation, I assess the implications of this paradox by examining the case of the AKP party in Turkey, which has been simultaneously conceptualized as both a social movement and a political party. By examining the counterintuitive expectations generated by this dynamic, I aim to show how hybrid party-movements challenge the democratizing assumptions that are a mainstay of social movement research.
Study on Biologic Characteristics,and Population Dynamics of Adult of Caloptilia theivora

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper,the characteristics of biology and population dynamics of adult of Caloptilia theivora were studied.The results showed that there were no significant differences between male and female adult,but the adult female with dark brown long hair was different from the male at the end of abdomen.Adult emergence occurred mainly from the dusk to the early morning.Application of sex pheromone of Caloptilia theivora in monitoring its population indicated seven generations occurred in a year in fields of Chongqing.The adult of first generation appeared in mid April and ends in early December.
Morphomolecular Correlation and Clinicopathologic Analysis in Endometrial Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research groups have identified 4 groups [polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutant, mismatch repair-deficient, p53-abnormal, and no specific molecular profile)] reflecting the Tumor Cancer Genomic Atlas Research Network subgroups in endometrial carcinomas, improving the clinical applicability of molecular classification. We have analyzed the histopathologic and prognostic characteristics of our cases based on the ProMisE classification, supported by growing data on recommended treatment regimens. The study included 118 cases of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed between 2016 and 2020, which underwent mismatch repair and p53 immunohistochemistry. Next-generation sequencing was performed for POLE mutation analysis, dividing the cases into 4 subgroups. The histopathologic and clinical characteristics of these groups were then analyzed statistically. Four cases(3.4%) were classified as POLE mutant, 31 (26.3%) as mismatch repair-deficient, 22 (18.6%) as p53 mutant, and 61 (51.7%) as no specific molecular profile. We categorized 118 patients with endometrial carcinoma into low (n=43), intermediate (n=28), high-intermediate (n=21), high (n=22), and advanced metastatic (n=4) risk groups regardless of the molecular subtypes of their disease. When we reclassified all cases according to the molecular subtypes of endometrial carcinoma only the risk group of 3 (2.5%) cases changed. Using the new algorithm we designed, after narrowing down the number of patients, the microcystic, elongated, and fragmented pattern of invasion was revealed as an independent prognostic factor that reduces overall survival time (hazard ratio: 16.395, 95% CI: 2.140–125.606, P =0.007). In conclusion, using the new algorithm we have designed, and by identifying patients for whom molecular classification could alter risk groups, we observed that molecular tests can be utilized more efficiently in populations with limited economic resources and, in doing so, we discovered a new morphologic marker with prognostic significance.
Prediabetes: An emerging public health concern in adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Objectives To identify the presence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (ethnicity, body mass index, blood glucose tolerance and blood pressure) and to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Canadian adolescents attending two multicultural urban high schools. Methods A total of 266 multicultural urban high school students who live in a mid‐sized Western Canadian city, aged 14‐21, were screened for risk factors of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in March‐April 2018. Data with respect to demographics, family history of diabetes, anthropometrics, blood pressure and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics in addition to chi‐square analyses. Results Based on body mass index, 38% of the adolescents were classified as either overweight or obese. Overweight rates for females (69.8%) were double than males (30.2%); however, males (52.2%) were more likely to obese than the females (47.8%). Based on HbA1c levels, 29.3% were at high risk to develop either diabetes or prediabetes and 2.6% were classified in the prediabetes range. Prehypertension/hypertension rates of 47% in the sample increased to 51% in those adolescents with elevated HbA1c; the majority of these prehypertensive/hypertensive participants were male. Conclusion High rates of overweight/obesity and prehypertension/hypertension were found in the adolescents studied and indicated the presence of prediabetes and an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes and associated complications. Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes, resulting in earlier exposure to metabolic consequences and, ultimately, long‐term complications. Thus, timely research is needed to identify age‐appropriate strategies that address risks and to develop recommendations for routine screening of adolescents for prediabetes.
Pretreatment Fibrinogen-Albumin Ratio (FAR) Associated with Treatment Response and Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Anti-PD-1 Therapy Plus Platinum-Based Combination Chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chengliang Yuan, Meifang Huang, Huilin Wang, Wei Jiang, Cuiyun Su, Shaozhang Zhou Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shaozhang Zhou; Cuiyun SuDepartment of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0771-5320761; +86-0771-5334955, Fax +86-0771-5300613, Email zhoushaozhang@gxmu.edu.cn; 503893236@qq.comPurpose: PD-1 inhibitors have been routinely used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have significantly improved clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of pretreatment fibrinogen-albumin ratio (FAR) on treatment response and survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line anti-PD-1 therapy plus platinum-based combination chemotherapy.Patients and Methods: A total of 91 patients with advanced NSCLC were included in the study. All patients received at least two cycles of systemic first-line anti-PD-1 therapy plus platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of FAR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors, and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival curves.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that N stage (N2-3) and high FAR (≥ 0.175, optimal cutoff value) were independent predictors for objective response rate (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0005, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis of progression-free survival and overall survival showed that high FAR (≥ 0.145) was independent prognostic factors (P = 0.0061, P = 0.0024, respectively). Progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in the high FAR (≥ 0.145) group than those in the low FAR (< 0.145) group (P = 0.0024, P = 0.0024, respectively).Conclusion: Pretreatment FAR was an independent predictor for treatment response and independent prognostic factors in advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line anti-PD-1 therapy plus platinum-based combination chemotherapy.Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, serum albumin, plasma fibrinogen, immunotherapy, prognosis
The Adaptation of Folklore and Tradition (Folklorismus)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Le concept de folklorisme designe les traditions populaires imposees ou adoptees pour diverses raisons ideologiques. Son elaboration par les folkloristes allemands. Le folklorisme en Europe et en Grande-Bretagne. Les differents motifs d'un retour ou d'une invention des traditions populaires. L'influence du tourisme
The mechanisms of pro-survival action of NRG1 in brain metastatic HER2+ breast cancer cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: HER2+ (ErbB2+) breast cancer (BC) patients demonstrate a high incidence (30%) of brain metastases (BM). Regardless of the effectiveness of ErbB2 targeting therapies in the therapy of primary HER2+ BC, BM remains a fatal complication. Restricted drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier and specific tumor- and/or brain tumor microenvironment (TME)-derived factors determine the low effectiveness of ErbB targeted drugs in the brain. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a member of the EGF family which is commonly expressed by cells in the brain TME. NRG1 can bind to ErbB3 and/or ErbB4 receptors and potentially promote activation of alternative signaling pathways under ErbB2 inhibition. Results: The newly established patient-derived HER2+ BC model (BCBM94) that metastasizes to the brain in mice forms well-circumscribed proliferative tumors that are vascularized and surrounded by activated astrocytes. BCBM94 cells are sensitive to the pro-apoptotic actions of the reversible EGFR/ErbB2 small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib. NRG1 mitigated cytotoxicity induced by Lapatinib, as shown by higher viability in WST-1 assays and the preserved ability for long-term cell propagation in clonogenicity assays. NRG-1 blocked Lapatinib-driven PARP cleavage and activation of the pro-apoptotic caspases-3/7 and caspase-9. NRG-1 also prevented Lapatinib-induced mitochondrial damage. rhNRG1 rescued phosphorylation of kinase-impaired ErbB3 under combined Lapatinib/rhNRG1 treatment suggesting the involvement of ErbB3 in maintaining the viability of BCBM94 under Lapatinib. The essential role of ErbB3 in the apoptosis inhibiting action of rhNRG1 was confirmed by siRNA-mediated silencing (KD) of the receptor. Upon ErbB3 knockdown, rhNRG1 was no longer able to attenuate the Lapatinib-mediated apoptosis in BCBM94 and this coincided with the mitigated rescue of Survivin and XIAP expression and BAD phosphorylation in BCBM94. These rhNRG1-mediated anti-apoptotic actions were also prevented with exposure to the multi-targeted PI3K-Akt and mTORC1/C2 inhibitor (PI-103) confirming the role of the ErbB3-Akt-mTOR signaling axis in the cell viability rescue. Conclusion: The findings identify BCBM94 as a valuable brain metastasis cell model to study resistance mechanisms under ErbB2 inhibition and demonstrate an important role of NRG1 as a powerful brain TME-derived anti-apoptotic factor that can facilitate resistance of BC brain metastases to ErbB2 targeting therapies.
Success in processor multiuse

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Standard microprocessors and programmable logic have been combined to create multi-usable controller assets. These have been reused by multiple Lucent Technologies business units to foster speed to market. The advantages of this approach include leverage of high-reliability, duplex designs so that the using application can concentrate on its application-specific designs. Controller evaluation boards have given software designers an early start while application-specific hardware is being designed. Details from reuse of the MCA-50D, MCA-860D, and MCA-740 duplex controllers will be presented. A modest investment in the creation of controller assets has been of immense benefit to projects in Lucent's Wireless, InterNetworking Systems, Convergent Solutions, and Optical Networking Solutions business units.
Analisis Persepsi Pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) atas Kebijakan Sertifikasi Halal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Halal certification on a product in circulation is an action that must be taken as a form of halal assurance for consumers and producers. As stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2021 concerning Halal Certification for Micro and Small Business Actors Part One Article 2. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia implements regulations that require all business actors to obtain halal certification. The focus of this research is: 1) What is the perception of micro and small businesses on halal certification policy? 2) What are the factors that influence the perception of micro and small enterprises on halal certification policy?. To answer the research focus above, using a skinative approach method with a type of case study research. The research subjects were selected by snowball sampling and used data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysts used in the study using Miles & Hurberman and the validity of the data include, credibility, transferability, and confermability. The results in the study show that: 1) There are 70% or 7 business actors know that halal certification can provide good, to meet the rights of consumer needs, can provide an increase to micro and small enterprises. And this perception influences business actors to have the desire to have halal certification. There are 40% or 4 business actors who want their products to have halal certification. 2) There is still a lack of information, knowledge, and assistance about the existence of the policy. and burdensome due to lack of understanding regarding the procedure for making halal certification for micro and small enterprises in Sumbersari sub-district, Jember Regency from the authorities.
Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti ,2O22/2O23Post Utme,(JUPEB) Form

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti ,2O22/2O23Post Utme,(JUPEB) Form Call\n"(080)67046209 DR FAITH Transfer form/Pre Degree\\DE/Transfer Screening
In vitro studies of the initiation of staphylococcal plasmid replication. Specificity of RepD for its origin (oriD) and characterization of the Rep-ori tyrosyl ester intermediate.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several staphylococcal plasmids from different incompatibility (inc) groups which replicate by a rolling circle mechanism each specify a replication initiator protein (Rep) which is homologous with that of the inc3 tetracycline resistance plasmid pT181. The rep gene sequences of six pT181-like plasmids are known, each encoding proteins of molecular mass 38 kDa with 62% overall amino acid sequence identity. The initiation of replication in vivo by each of the Rep proteins is plasmid specific, acting in trans only at the cognate replication origin (ori) of the encoding plasmid. Previous studies in vitro of the RepC protein of pT181 demonstrated replication initiator, topoisomerase-like, and DNA binding activities, which appeared to be specific for the origin (oriC) of pT181 when compared with unrelated staphylococcal plasmids. Although RepD, specified by the inc4 chloramphenicol resistance plasmid pC221, has a range of activities similar to those noted previously for RepC, manipulation of in vitro conditions has revealed discrete steps in the overall reaction of RepD with oriD. In addition, factors have been identified which are necessary not only for sequence-dependent discrimination in vitro by Rep proteins for all pT181-like plasmids but also for the absolute specificity of RepD for its cognate pC221 replication origin (oriD), the latter occurring in vivo and a function of the topological state of the ori-containing target DNA. Here we also demonstrate the presence of a covalent phosphoryl-tyrosine linkage between the RepD protein of plasmid pC221 and an oligonucleotide substrate corresponding to its replication origin (oriD). The reactive tyrosine (Tyr-188) was identified from amino acid sequences of 32P-labeled peptide-oligonucleotide fragments. Substitution of Tyr-188 with phenylalanine confirms the importance of the tyrosyl hydroxyl group since the Y188F protein retains the sequence-specific DNA-binding capabilities of wild-type RepD but is unable to attach covalently to the replication origin or participate in the nicking-closing reaction in vitro.