jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometer has superfast capabilities

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSpectrophotometer has superfast capabilitiesCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1979, 57, 20, 42–48Publication Date (Print):May 14, 1979Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 14 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v057n020.p042aCopyright © 1979 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (868 KB) SUBJECTS:Liquids,Spectrophotometry Get e-Alerts
Transforming the profession: Social workers’ expanding response to the environmental crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With mounting scientific evidence about the global environmental crisis, an urgent call to action exists promoting sustainable environmental practices that enhance the wellbeing of humans and the ecological systems in which they live (Besthorn 2002, 2013, Coates 2005, CSDH 2008, Dewane 2011, Dominelli 2012, Gray, Coates and Herrington 2013, Hoff and McNutt 1994, Humphreys and Rogge 2000, IPCC 2007, Weber 2012). As ecological degradation occurs, it disproportionately affects vulnerable, marginalized, and oppressed client populations, making it an issue of social and ecological injustice (Besthorn 2013, Bullard 1994, Coates 2003, Dominelli 2012, Hoff and Rogge 1996, Norton, Holguin and Manos 2013, McKinnon 2008, Weber 2012, Zapf 2009). Due to this, social and ecological justice issues related to the environmental crisis are increasingly becoming of great concern to social workers, as evidenced in national and international professional agendas (e.g., The Committee on Environmental Justice for the Council on Social Work Education in the United States of America (USA); the tenth Grand Challenge of the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare, ‘Create Social Responses to a Changing Environment’, see Kemp and Palinkas 2015; the third agenda item in the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development: Commitments to Action, ‘Working Toward Environmental Sustainability’, see IASSW, ICSW, and IFSW 2012).
A study of oesophageal structure in a nematode, Aphelenchoides blastophthorus (Aphelenchida), using computer graphics reconstruction from serial thin sections

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It can be difficult to visualize the shape and disposition of components in biological material from serial sections. They can be reconstructed by tracing outlines from sections onto an acetate sheet and stacking the sheets, but this method provides only a static model in which the elements cannot be manipulated or accurately measured. A more versatile method uses an interactive computer program. Data are entered via a digitizing tablet and the model may be displayed in any desired orientation and with any combination of elements presented. In this two‐part paper we describe this technique and explain how it was used to elucidate the cellular composition of part of the feeding apparatus of a plant‐infesting nematode. The oesophageal metacorpus of Aphelenchoides blastophthorus was found to consist of 43 cell bodies: 24 muscle, six epithelial and 13 nerve cells. The wide biological applicability of the technique is discussed and, in particular, its use in studying taxonomy and phylogeny of nematodes.
Noble Robbers, Avengers and Entrepreneurs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Banditry has been endemic across the Middle East and North Africa. Yet the Middle Eastern experience of banditry has thus far failed to receive sustained academic attention. In particular, the debates stimulated by Eric Hobsbawm's thesis of social banditry have elicited only a few responses from scholars of the Middle East and North Africa, and these largely negative. This chapter, taking a global and comparative perspective, asks to what extent the recent work done in the field of ‘Bandit studies’ helps to elucidate the experience of the Middle East and North Africa. Why has there been such a lack of interest in banditry when the phenomenon itself, and rural crime in general, was so widespread? Why are so few individual bandits celebrated or reviled? What do we mean by banditry in the Middle Eastern context, who became a bandit, why and in what circumstances, what did bandits do and how was this perceived by elites and subalterns, what were the connections between bandits and peasants and between bandits and the worlds of power and, perhaps most importantly, who has written about bandits and what sources have they used? The chapter concludes with an examination of the reinvention of banditry in the in the ungoverned spaces, on land and sea, created by the collapsing states of the twenty-first century Middle East and North Africa.
Topological Isomorphism of Liquid–Vapor, Fusibility, and Solubility Diagrams: Analogues of Gibbs–Konovalov and Gibbs–Roozeboom Laws for Solubility Diagrams

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The comprehensive topological isomorphism of liquid–vapor, fusibility, and solubility diagrams in the proper sets of variables is proven with the aid of van der Waals equations of the shift in phase equilibrium. Analogues of Gibbs–Konovalov and Gibbs–Roozeboom laws are demonstrated in solubility diagrams of ternary and quaternary systems under crystallization of different types of solid solutions. For the demonstration, the quaternary reciprocal system K+,NH4+||Cl−,Br−−H2O and its ternary subsystems with modeling of the liquid phase within the framework of the classical Pitzer formalism are mainly used. An algorithm for calculating solubility equilibria in these systems is given.
Equilateral Sets in Banach Spaces of th form C(K)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that for "most" compact non metrizable spaces, the unit ball of the Banach space C(K) contains an uncountable 2-equilateral set. We also give examples of compact non metrizable spaces K such that the minimum cardinality of a maximal equilateral set in C(K) is countable.
Low density lipoprotein metabolism by human macrophages activated with low density lipoprotein immune complexes. A possible mechanism of foam cell formation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human macrophages play a key role in atherogenesis and are believed to be the progenitors of the cholesteryl ester (CE)-laden foam cells present in early atherosclerotic lesions. Several mechanisms by which macrophages accumulate CE have been recently described. One involves a perturbation in LDL metabolism subsequent to macrophage activation. Thus, we decided to study the effect of macrophage activation by immune complexes on N-LDL metabolism. Initially, LDL-containing immune complexes (LDL-IC) were chosen, since increased plasma levels of these IC have been reported in patients with coronary heart disease. Human macrophages stimulated for 22 h with LDL-IC (250 micrograms/ml) and incubated afterwards for 20 h with 10 micrograms/ml 125I-N-LDL showed a six- and fourfold increase in the accumulation and degradation, respectively, of 125I-N-LDL over the values observed in nonstimulated cells. Scatchard analysis of 125I-N-LDL-specific binding suggests an increase (20-fold) in the number of LDL receptors in macrophages stimulated with LDL-IC. We studied other immune complexes varying in size and antigen composition. Some of the IC were able to stimulate, although to a lesser degree, the uptake of N-LDL by macrophages. Lipoprotein IC are more efficient and have the greatest capacity to increase N-LDL uptake and CE accumulation. We conclude that human macrophage activation by LDL-IC leads to an increase in LDL receptor activity and promotes in vitro foam cell formation.
Correlation and path analysis in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The correlation and path analysis for nine quantitative characters in sixty five varieties of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. have been investigated. Out of all contributing characters studied expected cocoon yield 100 dfls (ECY) showed significant positive associations with majority of the characters except filament size (FS) both at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. It suggested a strong association of these traits with yield. The direct and indirect effects of the component characters of ECY at phenotypic and genotypic levels were obtained separately. Here surviving percentage of larvae (SPL) and cocoon weight (CW) showed positive and high direct effect which indicated a true relationship as obtained from correlation values. Other characters showed positive correlations but the direct effects were either negative or negligible. In such a situation indirect causal factors are to be considered simultaneously J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(1): 151-156, June 2014
SIMULASI HIDROTERMAL DAERAH KAWAH DOMAS DENGAN PEMODELAN KONTINU 2-D ANOMALI SELF POTENTIAL (SP)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Hydrothermal system research using Self Potential (SP) Method, 2-D DC Resistivity and surface temperature, has been done at Domas Crater (1700 masl). Potential anomaly which is associated with subsurface structure is obtained by SP measurement, whereas temperature measurement is done to get information about surface temperature distribution laterally and resistivity distribution of volcano structures is known by 2-D DC Resistivity measurement. Hydrothermal activities, which cause the existence of SP value, are modeled using this scheme modeling. This schema modeling is validated by comparing the value of SP model with field measurement. The shallow hydrothermal activities at Domas Crater are influenced by meteoric and subsurface water. The velocity of hydrothermal activities are about 10-9 - 10-7 m/s. 16.64% root mean square error is obtained by Comsol modeling, whereas 6.54% root mean square error is obtained by modeling using finite element method.
The Malaysian consensus statement on utilisation of cardiac CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric accuracy of the sliding window gated IMRT compared with the static treatment, using varying dose rates.Materials and methods: This study measured changes in output and diode array response with changing dose rate, verified the precision of the motion table, and measured changes in dose distribution accuracy with film and diodes at two depths with changing dose rate.During 4DCT (4 Dimensional Computed Tomography), the patient's respiratory signals and target motion were recorded and imported to the XY4D simulation table of SUN NUCLEAR Corporation to simulate the patient's respiration and tumour motion.A single field of each sliding window IMRT plan with 30º wedge and one for lung cancer were used in this study.Three irradiating conditions, static and moving target with and without gating, were applied to both plans.Results: The standard deviations of output, with the dose rates changing from 300-600 MU/min, were 0.065 cGy and 0.169 cGy for the ionisation chamber and diode, respectively.The verification of the motion table shows very good precision with 9.98 ± 0.02 cm (true value = 10.0 cm).The measurements by MapCheck show the gamma index of the planned absolute dose distribution in static and moving targets with gating, resulting in more than 96% passing for all dose rates.The absolute dose distribution measured by film for the static target was agreeable with the value of moving target with gating. Conclusion:The sliding window gated IMRT technique is able to deliver an accurate dose to a moving target with the dose rate of 300-600 MU/min that is suitable for clinical treatment.
Optimization of vanillic acid production by Pseudomonas sp. AZ10 UPM using statistical analysis approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The world market demand of vanillin could not totally supply through natural extraction, chemical synthesis, or tissue culture technology. Biotechnological approaches provide an alternative route to produce biovanillin economically viable such as the microbial conversion pathway. Research has shown that agro-waste containing ferulic acid, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can be used to produce vanillin. However, the vanillin is rapidly converted to vanillic acid which is the less toxic form. The present work describes the screening of microbial strains capable of degrading ferulic acid as sole carbon source and optimization of fermentation conditions for the enhancement of vanillic acid production. Vanillic acid can then be used as a precursor for vanillin production. From this study, the potential isolate was selected based on the ability of the strain to grow on ferulic acid, highest intensity of colour changes on rapid screening plate, and subjected to fermentation for vanillin and vanillic acid quantification. The strain Pseudomonas sp. AZ10 UPM exhibited a significant result because of colour changes observed on the assay plate on day 1 with a high intensity of yellow colour. Then, optimization was carried out by screening four factors namely pH, temperature, concentration of synthetic ferulic acid, and percentage of inoculum with main and interaction effects evaluated using Design Expert® software. The optimal yield of vanillic acid obtained were at pH 7, incubation temperature of 31 °C, 1.5 g/L synthetic ferulic acid, and 10% inoculum size with molar conversion yield of 75%.
The Use of Different Types of Restorative Dental Materials in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Literature Review)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Today, the issue of improving the effectiveness of treating temporomandibular joint disorders is relevant. According to world statistics, this pathology affects 3 to 7% of the population. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of dental restorative materials such as light-cured photopolymer composites, lithium disilicate, and zirconium dioxide. Material and methods. The scientometric medical databases PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were used with the following keywords: temporomandibular joint, disorders, minimally invasive, occlusal, composites, and lithium disilicate. Results. According to the analyzed modern scientometric databases, the treatment method of temporomandibular joint disorders is the restoration of the dentition with permanent structures using direct composite restorations, zirconium dioxide, and lithium disilicate-based structures. The main advantage of composite restorations is that they are minimally invasive, but this solution is problematic regarding durability. The advantage of zirconium dioxide and lithium disilicate-based structures is load-bearing capacity, and therefore stability and durability. Conclusions: Composite restorations are prone to fractures and chipping, unlike ceramic restorations. Among ceramic restorations, successful rehabilitation of dentition has been demonstrated using both lithium disilicate ceramics and zirconia.
Emerging role of Hpo signaling and YAP in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vicente Valero III,1 Timothy M Pawlik,1 Robert A Anders21Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 2Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAAbstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Due to the poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options, there is great interest in further understanding better the molecular underpinnings and potential molecular targets associated with HCC. The Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway and YAP, its principal downstream effector, represent an innovative area of research in HCC. Pioneered in Drosophila melanogaster, the Hpo cascade controls tissue homeostasis including organ size, cell proliferation, apoptosis, as well as cell-cycle regulation and differentiation. This conserved kinase cascade in mammals depends on central control by the tumor suppressor mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (Mst1/2). The Mst1/2 commences the downstream kinase cascade, ultimately activating the oncoprotein YAP and allowing its physical association with downstream targets to enhance the gene expression signatures that are involved in proliferation and survival. Alterations in YAP expression and defective regulation of other key Hpo pathway members, such as Mst1/2, Salvador, neurofibromatosis and Mer (Nf2/mer), large tumor suppressor homolog 1/2 (Lats1/2), and Mps one binder kinase activator-like 1A and 1B (Mob1) drive carcinogenesis in animal models. The dysregulation of the Hpo pathway &amp;ndash; resulting in an unchecked activation of YAP &amp;ndash; culminates in the development of a broad range of human tumor types, including HCC. The abrogation of Mst1/2-mediated YAP phosphorylation permits YAP entry into the nucleus in murine models and functions similarly in human HCCs. Chemoresistance mechanisms displayed by HCC tumors occur in a YAP-dependent manner. The HCC specimens exhibit YAP overexpression, and YAP serves as an independent prognostic marker for disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with HCC. Recently, the small molecule inhibitor, verteporfin has been shown to attenuate YAP activity in murine models, perhaps offering a novel therapeutic approach for patients with advanced HCC.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, yes-associated-protein, Hippo signaling, liver cancer, hepatic malignancy
miR-429 Suppresses Proliferation and Migration in Glioblastoma Cells and Induces Cell-cycle Arrest via Modulating Several Target Genes of ERBB Signaling Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Glioblastoma is aggressive and lethal brain cancer, which is incurable by cancer standard treatments. miRNAs have great potential to be used for gene therapy due to their ability to modulate several target genes simultaneously. We found miR-429 is downregulated in glioblastoma and has several predicted target genes from the ERBB signaling pathway using bioinformatics tools. ERBB is the most over-activated genetic pathway in glioblastoma patients, which is responsible for augmented cell proliferation and migration in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here we overexpressed miR-429 using lentiviral vectors in GBM U-251 cells and observed that the expression level of several oncogenes of the ERBB pathway, EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, KRAS, and MYC significantly decreased; as shown by real-time PCR and western blotting. Using the luciferase assay, we showed that miR-429 directly targets MYC, BCL2, and EGFR. In comparison to scrambled control, miR-429 had a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and migration as deduced from MTT and scratch wound assays and induced cell-cycle arrest in flow cytometry. Altogether miR-429 seems to be an efficient suppressor of the ERBB genetic signaling pathway and a potential therapeutic for glioblastoma.
Faculty staff scientific output management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstracts: the article contains a classification of indexes of scientific output and an analysis of the index of effectiveness of scientific activity used in Russia to evaluate productivity of scholars. A list of criteria an effective index of scientific output should meet is proposed. It is demonstrated that this index has major flaw and should not be used for measurement of scientific output. New indexes are proposed. It is explained how these indexes can be used to calculate a professors salary.
CCL2, but not its receptor, is essential to restrict immune privileged central nervous system‐invasion of Japanese encephalitis virus via regulating accumulation of CD11b+ Ly‐6Chi monocytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) is a re‐emerging zoonotic flavivirus that poses an increasing threat to global health and welfare due to rapid changes in climate and demography. Although the CCR 2– CCL 2 axis plays an important role in trafficking CD 11b + Ly‐6C hi monocytes to regulate immunopathological diseases, little is known about their role in monocyte trafficking during viral encephalitis caused by JEV infection. Here, we explored the role of CCR 2 and its ligand CCL 2 in JE caused by JEV infection using CCR 2‐ and CCL 2‐ablated murine models. Somewhat surprisingly, the ablation of CCR 2 and CCL 2 resulted in starkly contrasting susceptibility to JE . CCR 2 ablation induced enhanced resistance to JE , whereas CCL 2 ablation highly increased susceptibility to JE . This contrasting regulation of JE progression by CCR 2 and CCL 2 was coupled to central nervous system ( CNS ) infiltration of Ly‐6C hi monocytes and Ly‐6G hi granulocytes. There was also enhanced expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the CNS of CCL 2‐ablated mice, which appeared to induce CNS infiltration of these cell populations. However, our data revealed that contrasting regulation of JE in CCR 2‐ and CCL 2‐ablated mice was unlikely to be mediated by innate natural killer and adaptive T‐cell responses. Furthermore, CCL 2 produced by haematopoietic stem cell‐derived leucocytes played a dominant role in CNS accumulation of Ly‐6C hi monocytes in infected bone marrow chimeric models, thereby exacerbating JE progression. Collectively, our data indicate that CCL 2 plays an essential role in conferring protection against JE caused by JEV infection. In addition, blockage of CCR 2, but not CCL 2, will aid in the development of strategies for prophylactics and therapeutics of JE .