jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wilms Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wilms tumor, known as well as nephroblastoma, is the most common primary malignant renal tumor in children. Over 95% of all renal tumors in patients under the age of 15 are Wilms tumors. The mean age at the time of diagnosis is 3.5 years. Wilms tumors are usually an incidental finding, a large abdominal mass discovered by a family member or pediatrician. Hematuria and hypertension can be present at the time of initial diagnosis. Up to 8% of the patients will have von Willebrand disease; therefore, all patients should have baseline coagulation studies. All patients should have either computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and intravenous contrast or magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis with gadolinium. Treatment includes radical nephrectomy, chemotherapy, and, in some cases, radiotherapy. Emergency surgery is rarely. The disease-free survival rate is 86% for favorable-histology tumors and 64% for anaplastic tumors.
Diurnal patterns of feeding and activity in laying hens in relation to dietary restriction and cage shape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. The diurnal feeding pattern and motor activity of medium‐weight hybrid hens housed in groups of four were observed. Cages of two shapes were compared: conventional deep cages (406 × 457 mm) and shallow cages (610 × 305 mm). 2. Birds in conventional deep cages were more active than those in shallow cages in each of four different periods of day. Activity reached a peak between 11.00 and 13.00 h irrespective of cage shape. 3. Mean feeding activity was greater in the shallow (45.6%) than in the conventional deep cages (39.9%). 4. Mean feeding activity was greater in birds fed ad libitum (43.3%) than in those fed on a restricted diet (40.4%). 5. Although restricted birds in shallow cages showed more feeding activity than those in conventional deep cages they consumed less food (56% against 67%) in the 7 h between supply of their daily ration and the onset of the dark period. 6. Feather damage was greater in the conventional deep cages than in the shallow cages. 7. The more efficient utilisation of food by hens in shallow cages is probably due largely to three factors: reduced levels of motor activity and general disturbance, a more leisurely eating pattern and better feather cover.
Ca2+-induced Conformational Changes of Spin-labeled g2 Chain Bound to Myosin and the Effect of Phosphorylation1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One of the low molecular weight components of myosin, g2, was isolated by alkali treatment of myosin and was chemically modified with a spin label reagent, 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl. The label on g2 showed a rather weakly immobilized ESR spectrum and it was clearly affected by Ca2+; the half-maximal change was at around pCa 4. The spin-labeled g2 was incorporated into myosin by exchange with the intrinsic g2 of myosin in 0.6 M KSCN or 4 M LiC1. The label on g2 became strongly immobilized on association with myosin. Under the conditions used, ESR spectral change due to Ca2+ occurred at two different concentration ranges, which were as low as pCa 8 and at around pCa 4. Phosphorylated g2 was isolated from myosin after the protein kinase [EC 2.1.1.37]-catalyzed phosphorylation of myosin and it was also modified with the maleimide label. Dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated g2 was performed using E. coli alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1]. The effects of Ca2+ on the ESR spectra of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated g2 were investigated on the state associated with myosin. A change in the ESR spectrum from strongly immobilized to weakly immobilized states was observed with both g2 chains on the addition of Ca2+. However, the effective concentration ranges of Ca2+ were quite different; around pCa 4 for the phosphorylated g2 and around pCa 8 for the dephosphorylated g2. The results indicate that g2 undergoes a conformational change at physiological levels of Ca2+ sufficient to saturate troponin, but it does not do so after phosphorylation.
Comparative Transcriptomics and Methylomics Reveal Adaptive Responses of Digestive and Metabolic Genes to Dietary Shift in Giant and Red Pandas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Both the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens) belong to the order Carnivora, but have changed their dietary habits to eating bamboo exclusively. The convergent evolution characteristics of their morphology, genome and gut flora have been found in the two pandas. However, the research on the convergent adaptation of their digestion and metabolism to the bamboo diet, mediated by the dietary shift of the two pandas at the gene-expression and epigenetic regulation levels, is still lacking. We therefore used RNA sequencing among five species (two pandas and three non-herbivore mammals) and bisulfite sequencing among three species (two pandas and a carnivore ferret) to sequence key digestion and metabolism tissues (stomach and small intestine). Our results provide evidence that the convergent differentially expressed genes (related to carbohydrate utilization, bile secretion, Lys and Arg metabolism, vitamin B12 utilization and cyanide detoxification) of the two pandas are adaptive responses to the bamboo diet containing low lipids, low Lys and Arg, low vitamin B12 and high cyanide. We also profiled the genome-wide methylome maps of giant panda, red panda and ferret, and the results indicated that the promoter methylation of the two pandas may regulate digestive and metabolic genes to adapt to sudden environmental changes, and then, transmit genetic information to future generations to evolve into bamboo eaters. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the dietary shift and the adaptation to a strict bamboo diet in both pandas using comparative transcriptomics and methylomics.
The heavily intermixed In<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf>/Cu(In, Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> interface as Revealed by photoelectron and soft x-ray emission spectroscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report on the characterization of the chemical and electronic interface structure of the heavily intermixed In 2 S 3 /Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGSe) interface. Discussing our findings inferred from direct and inverse photoemission as well as soft x-ray emission spectroscopy, we particularly focus on the impact of the interfacial intermixing/interdiffusion processes on the electronic band alignment at the interface. Furthermore, we present deposition-temperature-dependent data on the (In, Al) 2 S 3 /CIGSe interface. We find that the chemical processes at the buffer/absorber interface are thermally activated with a threshold temperature of approximately 200°C.
OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF 40% BENZOIC ACID FOR NECRECTOMY IN DEEP BURNS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After summarizing the observations, it was demonstrated that chemical necrectomy using 40% benzoic acid is a selective method comparable with other types of sharp necrectomy. Chemical necrectomy is inexpensive, easy to perform and also reduces blood loss. Toxicity of absorbed benzoic acid is clinically negligible. Furthermore, benzoic acids antimycotic and antibacterial properties prevent the development of wound infection.
Atraumatic intraoral buccal fat pad herniation in a neonate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An approximately 2-day-old neonate was brought with a fleshy intraoral mass and an inability to suckle adequately, without a preceding history of trauma. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a fat density mass-like lesion occupying and partially filling the oral cavity. Following detection of a defect in the buccinator muscle with associated herniation of the buccal pad of fat into the mouth, a surgical approach was adopted to tackle the condition. Intraoperatively, the defects in the buccinator muscle and buccal mucosa were repaired after excision of the prolapsed fat pad. Age-appropriate feeding practices were initiated following surgery without residual anatomical or functional limitation. Early radiological diagnosis directing surgical intervention was helpful in management of a benign but functionally impeding lesion.
Weakening the tight coupling between geometry and simulation in isogeometric analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the standard paradigm of isogeometric analysis, the geometry and the simulation spaces are tightly integrated, i.e. the same non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) space, which is used for the geometry representation of the domain, is employed for the numerical solution of the problem over the domain. However, there are situations where this tight integration is a bane rather than a boon. Such situations arise where, e.g., (1) the geometry of the domain is simple enough to be represented by low order NURBS, whereas the unknown (exact) solution of the problem is sufficiently regular, and thus, the numerical solution can be obtained with improved accuracy by using NURBS of order higher than that required for the geometry, (2) the constraint of using the same space for the geometry and the numerical solution is particularly undesirable, such as in the shape and topology optimization, and (3) the solution of the problem has low regularity but for the curved boundary of the domain one can employ higher order NURBS. Therefore, we propose to weaken this constraint. An extensive study of patch tests on various combinations of polynomial degree, geometry type, and various cases of varying degrees and control variables between the geometry and the numerical solution will be discussed. It will be shown, with concrete reasoning, that why patch test fails in certain cases, and that those cases should be avoided in practice. Thereafter, selective numerical examples will be presented to address some of the above-mentioned situations, and it will be shown that weakening the tight coupling between geometry and simulation offers more flexibility in choosing the numerical solution spaces, and thus, improved accuracy of the numerical solution. Powered by
Generation Mechanism and Beaming of Jovian nKOM From 3D Numerical Modeling of Juno/Waves Observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The narrowband kilometric radiation (nKOM) is a Jovian low‐frequency radio component identified as a plasma emission produced in the region of the Io plasma torus. Measurements from the Waves instrument onboard the Juno spacecraft permitted to establish the distribution of nKOM occurrence and intensity as a function of frequency and latitude. We have developed a 3D geometrical model that can simulate at large scale the plasma emissions occurrence observed by a spacecraft based on an internal Jovian magnetic field model and a diffusive equilibrium model of the plasma density in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere. With this model, we propose a new method to discriminate the generation mechanism, wave mode, beaming and radio source location of plasma emissions. Here, this method is applied to the study of the nKOM observed from all latitudes by the Juno/Waves experiment to identify which conditions reasonably reproduce the observed occurrence distribution versus frequency and latitude. The results allow us to exclude the two main nKOM models published so far, and to show that the emission is produced at the local plasma frequency and then beamed anti‐parallel to the local density gradient into free space. We also propose that depending on its latitude, Juno observes two distinct kinds of nKOM: the low frequency nKOM in ordinary mode at high latitudes, and the high frequency nKOM on extraordinary mode at low latitudes. Both radio source locations are found to be distributed near the centrifugal equator ranging from the outer edge to the inner edge of the Io plasma torus.
Review of Erick Raphael Jiménez, _Aristotle’s Concept of Mind_

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this ambitious first book, Erick Raphael Jiménez argues that a good model for understanding Aristotle’s concept of mind (nous) lies in Aristotle’s account of the perception of time. This “time-perception model” of mind and its activity, thinking, bridges a gap between Jiménez’s unorthodox readings of Aristotelian mind and its objects. The book will attract the interest of specialists in Aristotle’s psychology, as well as other scholars interested in Aristotle’s concept of mind and its influence, for instance, theologians interested in Aristotle’s tantalizing discussion of active or maker mind in De Anima 3.5 (DA).
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT STRATEGY IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT. THE CASE OF IT GOVERNANCE SUBJECT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appears in: INTED2024 Proceedings Publication year: 2024Pages: 3798-3805ISBN: 978-84-09-59215-9ISSN: 2340-1079doi: 10.21125/inted.2024.0990Conference name: 18th International Technology, Education and Development ConferenceDates: 4-6 March, 2024Location: Valencia, Spain
Comparison of specimens of ICU and the ICU Acinetobacter baumannii distribution and drug resistance analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii specimen in the intensive care unit（ICU） and the ICU.Methods Retrospective analysis ICU of 1 079 strains isolated and the 8 413 strains of bacteria isolated from ICU , Bacteria identification and drug sensitive test instrument using VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacterial culture identification .Results Most ICU Acinetobacter baumannii separation , form （29.2%） was significantly higher than the ICU （6.2%）,the difference was statistically significant （χ2 =625.955, P〈0.05）.ICU imine resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from south （IRAB）detection rate（91.7%）was significantly higher（43.5%） than the ICU,difference was statistically significant （χ2 =193.541,P〈0.05）;Specimens of ICU and the ICU isolated bacteria were mainly comes from sputum ,constitute a ratio of 64.0%and 32.9%respectively. ICU and the separation of the ICU Acinetobacter baumannii to amikacin resistant rate was low （20.0%-21.6%）,the separation of ICU Acinetobacter baumannii for three or four generation of cephalosporin , composite inhibitor drugs , penicillium carbon alkene ,quinolone antibacterial drugs ,significantly higher percentages of ICU ,difference was statis-tically significant（χ2 =146.124,104.407,253.171,195.646,186.580,all P〈0.05）.Conclusion Multiple drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in ICU detection rate is high ,the bacteria monitoring should be strengthened , and the rational use of drugs ,reduce the drug resistance of bacteria .

Key words:
Drug resistance; Intensive care unit; Acinetobacter baumannii
Determination of the Nutrient Status of a Soil after Incubation with Organic Residues for Different Days in Benin City, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies were carried out in Benin City, Nigeria, on an Ultisol with slightly acidic (pH =5.20) conditions to determine the nutrient status of the soil before and after incubation with various organic residues (chromoleana odorate =CH; Pennisitum purpureum =PN; Maize Stover = MS; Soybean Straw =SB; Cowdung =CD and Poultry dropping =PD) at different days of incubation, with the aims of finding out at what approximate period a better nutrient build up might had occurred so as to plant for a good crop yield. Routine analysis of the soil before incubation of the organic residues indicated that the soil had a low nutrient status. Organic residues significantly (P=0.05) influenced the soil nutrient status after incubation with the organic residues. The nutrient status of the soil at the 42 days of incubation period was significantly higher than that at the 21 days and the initial soil nutrient status respectively. The organic residues (Cow dung and poultry droppings) of animal origin encourage a higher nutrient status to the soil compared to the values obtained from the plant residues. However, both cow dung and poultry droppings contributions to soil nutrient status did not differ significantly from one another. But for the plant residues, the soybean straw significantly encouraged a higher nutrient status to the soil more than the others. This study has shown that when organic residues are added to a soil, some duration of days should be allowed before planting can be done. This is to allow a built up of a nutrient status that would encourage a better crop growth. In this study an approximate period of between 21 and 42 day might be appropriate for these organic residues used in the soil studied.
Analysis of MDA and Proline Content in 65 Different Plant Leaves Collected from Rock Mountains in the Northwest of Guangxi Province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To select the best pioneer species with better ecological and economical comprehensive benefits from the common plants growing in karst area of the northwest of Guangxi Province,by thiobarbituric acid method and sulfosalicylic acid method,MDA and proline content in 65 different plants leaves collected from rock mountain area of northwest Guangxi Province were determined respectively.Correlation between MDA and proline content in the leaves were analyzed with the method of mathematical statistics.The results showed that MDA content of the plant leaves was at a range of 0.0052 μmol/g ~ 0.0381 μmol/g,MDA content in different plants leaves has great difference.Proline content in different plant leaves changed from 4.347 μg /mL to 374.956 μg /mL,it also had evident differences between different plants.Conclusion:MDA and proline content can be used as the reference index for pioneer plant selection in karst areas.Comprehensive thinking of other factors,Pistacia chinensis,Zenia insignis,Acacia confusa,Itoa orientalis and Sophora japonica could serve as the first choice of fine pioneer species in karst region afforestation of the northwest of Guangxi.
Feasibility of genomic prediction for brown rot (<i>Monilinia</i> spp.) resistance in peach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is one of the most important postharvest diseases of stone fruits worldwide. Brown rot resistance in peach is a polygenic trait controlled by multiple genes with a small effect. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of genomic prediction (GP) for brown rot resistance in peach using eight contrasting methods (GBLUP, rrBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Bayesian Lasso and RKHS). A testing panel of 38 cultivars/advanced selections and 288 F1 individuals from 27 pedigree-related breeding families with 'Bolinha' and/or 'Contender' or almond source of resistance was phenotyped over six seasons (2015 to 2020). GP models outperformed MAS models under five-fold cross validation, and low to moderate predictive accuracy (PA) was achieved by fitting GP model for wounded (W) (0.092−0.449) and low PA for non-wounded (NW) disease severity index (0.129−0.295). An alternative cross validation approach using disease severity index recorded in lab to predict field disease incidence (FDI) in unphenotyped accessions revealed moderate correlation (0.548−0.553). Genomic predicted breeding value distinguished accessions with low FDI from those with high FDI. The results presented here demonstrated feasibility of incorporating GP in peach breeding.
STAT and SMAD signaling in cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

STAT and SMAD often exert opposite biological effects on diverse cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that STAT can interface with SMAD at molecular level and that some novel molecules, such as SOCS (also called CIS) and APRO6 (also called TOB), modulate this signaling. A cofactor p300/CBP might act as a bridging molecule to mediate the interface. Thus, STAT and SMAD signaling pathways may crosstalk each other with interweaved regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, the importance of all the proteins' function has been shown by the increasing evidence of their involvement in cancer. These recent progresses have been made in attributing novel exciting functions. Accordingly, we would like to review the latest advances of those pathways on a cross-section in cancer signaling.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the manifestation and course of mental illness in elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction COVID-19 is a multisystem disease affecting not only the respiratory, gastroenterstitial and vascular systems, but also the central nervous system, which leads to a wide range of neurological and mental complications. 3 years of experience in combating the pandemic has shown that elderly people burdened with chronic somatic diseases are the most vulnerable risk group for the development of severe course and complications of COVID-19. Objectives To study the impact of COVID-19 on the onset and course of mental illness in elderly inpatients Methods We examined 67 inpatients aged 50 to 95 years with various mental pathologies, who underwent COVID-19 from February 2020 to December 2021. 46 people had previous history of mentall disease (PHMD), in 21 cases the disease developed for the first time. Statistical analysis was performed. Results In the manifest group of patients, depressive episodes predominated (42.9%), including psychotic episodes (9.5%). In 28.6% of cases, organic disorders were diagnosed in the form of emotional lability, organic depression, mild cognitive impairment and delirium. In 23.8% of patients, neurotic disorders were observed in the form of depressive reactions, panic and generalized anxiety disorder. In one case (4.8%), acute polymorphic psychosis with symptoms of schizophrenia was diagnosed. The PHMD group includes affective disorders - 45.7%; organic disorders, including dementia 26.1%; schizophrenic spectrum disorders -19.6% and neurotic somatoform disorders - 8.7%. In the acute and subacute periods of COVID-19, acute psychotic states (APS) developed in both groups of patients (in 23.3% and 30.4%, respectively) in the form of delirium, psychotic depression, or polymorphic psychosis. APS were more common in PHMD patients with organic (50%) and schizophrenic spectrum disorders (33.3%) with a predominance of delirium. In the long-term period of COVID-19, PHMD patients more often than non-PHMD (60.9% and 38.1%) developed cognitive impairment (CI), especially in schizophrenia-like (77.8%) and organic (83.3%) disorders. CI developed twice as often after APS (89.5% and 39.6%, p<0.001), reaching the degree of dementia in 15.8% of cases. APS were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the development of CI (0.567733), the age of patients (0.410696) and the presence of previous cerebrovascular insufficiency (0.404916). Conclusions The age-related features of the mental consequences of COVID-19 are the occurrence of APS in the acute period of infection and the deterioration of cognitive activity at a remote stage. The PHMD patients, especially with disorders of organic and schizophrenic spectrum, were found to be more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. In them, the occurrence of APS was a risk factor for the development of dementia, while in primary diseased, and patients with affective and neurotic disorders, CI was reversible or had the character of a mild cognitive disorder. Disclosure of Interest None Declared