jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Flowering of Gymnocalycium baldianum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】The study aims to screen out the types, concentrations and application methods of plant growth regulators that can effectively promote early flowering and improve flowering uniformity of Gymnocalycium baldianum, and provide technical support for the regulation of flowering period of G. baldianum.【Method】With uniform seed balls of G. baldianum as test materials, the effects of different concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L) of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, indoleacetic acid and gibberellin on its flowering was explored.【Result】Spraying 100-800 mg/L paclobutrazol, uniconazole and indoleacetic acid solutions had no significant difference in the colour of seed balls, seed ball diameter increment, number of flowers and flowering rate. However, these three plant growth regulators could promote the early flowering of G. baldianum within a appropriate concentration range. The treatment of 100 mg/L paclobutrazol had the best result, which bloomed about 9.0 days earlier than that under water treatment. It could reach the full blooming period within 11.7 days, which was about 20.0 days shorter than that under water treatment, and the flowering had better uniformity. While the 100-800 mg/L gibberellin solution had an inhibitory effect on the flowering of G. baldianum, however, it could promote vegetative growth. The ball size, the number of thorns in the thorn seat, the thorn length, and the mass of the thorn seat all increased, and the colour of the seed ball was greener.【Conclusion】The study results can provide technological support for promoting the early flowering of G. baldianum and improving the uniformity of flowering. At the same time, it can improve the ornamental characters of G. baldianum according to individual needs, and improve its ornamental value, which has great significance to increase market share furtherly.
Prediction on Air–Nasal Mucus Partition Coefficients of Odor Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The air-nasal mucus partition coefficient is a crucial property among all of the interaction mechanisms between odor molecules and olfactory receptors, since this property contributes to our sense of smell. Due to the complexity of the mucus composition, in vivo determination of the air-mucus partition coefficient is a technical challenge. A predictable model of the air-mucus partition coefficient can provide valuable insights into the chemical properties that govern olfactory perception and can help design desired odorants. In this study, we propose a novel model based on the deep-layer neural network (DNN) algorithm to predict the air-mucus partition coefficients for a range of odor compounds. The molecular surface charge density (σ-profile) calculated from the COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) thermodynamic package was adapted as descriptors of structural features of odor molecules. The results revealed that the air-mucus partition coefficients are highly correlated to the σ-profile of the studied compounds. The information obtained from the study provided interpretable results, which not only help in identifying the molecular features that contribute to the air-mucus partition coefficient of odorants but also aid in the design of compounds with the desired odor properties.
School Readiness in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMP Islam Yaqin 1 Montong Batu Bawi, Jerowaru District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The curriculum plays a holistic function in the world of education. In its strategic position, it serves as a vehicle and medium for the conservation, internalization, crystallization, and transformation of knowledge, technology, arts, and human life values. The objectives of this research are: 1) To understand the efforts of schools in implementing the Merdeka Belajar curriculum at SMPI Yaqin 1 Montong Batu Bawi Jerowaru; 2) To identify the roles of teachers in implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMPI Yaqin 1 Montong Batu Bawi Jerowaru; and 3) To analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMPI Yaqin 1 Montong Batu Bawi Jerowaru. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques involve observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that: 1) the efforts made by the school are not only focused on students but also include curriculum analysis, identification of student needs, competency-based learning design, use of digital resources, innovation in learning approaches, diverse material development, trial and evaluation, up to reflection and adjustment; 2) The teacher council at SMPI Yaqin 1 Montong Batu Bawi, Jerowaru, has played roles as facilitators in facilitating the learning process, evaluators in assessing student progress and educational programs, innovators in creating new learning methods, and motivators in inspiring and encouraging student learning enthusiasm; 3) There are several supporting factors in implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum at this school, including adequate technology infrastructure, education management information systems, competency training and development, supportive leadership, and partnerships with external parties. The inhibiting factors include limited access and infrastructure, data analysis incapacity, time and resource constraints, policy uncertainty, and privacy and security issues. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of continuous support and a holistic approach in ensuring the successful implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum at the junior high school level, as a step towards improving the quality of education in Indonesia.
On Parasitism and Overflow in Nietzsche's Doctrine of Will to Power

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article I offer a new interpretation of Nietzsche's doctrine of will to power by treating its relation to an often neglected conceptual distinction in Nietzsche's philosophy: the distinction between (a) parasitism and (b) overflow. I show that Nietzsche treats (a) and (b) as two different ways of willing power, but with an important qualification: (a) is always a means to (b), which is the real aim of power. Because (b) is conceived of as the real aim of power, it serves as Nietzsche's standard for evaluating the degree of power attained by beings and their actions. The more that a being or activity attains (b), the greater is its power and rank according to Nietzsche.
Grow up, be persistent, and stay focused: keys for solving foraging problems by free-ranging possums

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Individuals within a species often vary in both their problem-solving approach and ability, affecting their capacity to access novel food resources. Testing problem-solving in free-ranging individuals is crucial for understanding the fundamental ecological implications of problem-solving capacity. To examine the factors affecting problem-solving in free-ranging animals, we presented three food-extraction tasks of increasing difficulty to urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). We quantified two measures of problem-solving performance: trial outcome (success/failure) and time to solve and tested the influence of a range of potential drivers, including individual traits (personality, body weight, sex, and age), mechanistic behaviors that quantify problem-solving approach (work time, functional behavior time, behavioral diversity, and flexibility), and prior experience with the puzzles. We found that mechanistic behaviors were key drivers of performance. Individuals displaying greater persistence (higher work and functional behavior time) were more likely to solve a food-extraction task on their first attempt. Individuals also solved problems faster if they were more persistent and had lower behavioral flexibility. Personality indirectly affected time to solve one of the three problems by influencing time allocated to functional behaviors. Finally, adults solved the most difficult problem faster than juveniles. Overall, our study provides rare insight into the drivers underlying the problem-solving performance of wild animals. Such insight could be used to improve management strategies and conservation efforts, such as food or bait deployment, tailored to suit the innovative foraging abilities of target individuals in new and changing environments.
Improved Partial Linearization Algorithm for Solving the Combined Travel-Destination-Mode-Route Choice Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Combined travel demand models (CTDM) that integrate trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, and traffic assignment have been developed to resolve the inconsistency problem between the level-of-service and flow values of the sequential four-step travel demand forecasting procedure. In this paper, an improved partial linearization algorithm for solving the logit-based combined travel-destination-mode-route choice model formulated as a convex mathematical programming is developed. The improvements mainly focus on exploring recent advances in line search strategies to minimize the computational efforts required to determine a suitable stepsize that guarantees convergence. Specifically, the quadratic interpolation and the self-regulated averaging schemes are examined. Numerical results show that the self-regulated averaging line search scheme is more effective and efficient for solving the convex mathematical programming with a complex objective function in terms of solution quality and computational effort.
Influence of He-Ne laser on the 5-HT neuron in brain tissue of model rats with Alzheimer disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Aim: To observe the effects of He-Ne laser on the 5-HT neuron in brain tissue of model rats with Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods:Fourty healthy SD rats(200～230 g)were randomly divided into 4 groups and each group contained 10 rats.Group I was sham-operation group,group Ⅱ was AD animal model,group Ⅲ was treated with He-Ne laser not at “Baihui” and “Dazhui” points, group Ⅳ was treated with He-Ne Laser at “Baihui” and “Dazhui” points. The AD rat model was established by injecting IBO into rats brain to damage bilateral nbM. After 23 d, the brain tissue of rats was isolated for 5-HT immunohistochemistry staining. The 5-HT positive neuron was counted and the mean optical density (MOD) of 5-HT like immunoreaction positive substance was detected under microscope and assayed with computerized image processing system. Results:Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ, the number of 5-HT positive neuron and MOD of 5-HT like immunoreaction positive substance in the group Ⅳ increased markedly(P0.05). Compared with group Ⅰ, there was no distinct difference (P0.05).Conclusion: He-Ne laser irradiation may become a tentative method for AD patients.
Covalent Immobilization of Tyrosinase on Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Polyurethane/Poly(m-anthranilic acid) Nanofibers: An Electrochemical Impedance Study

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane/poly(m-anthranilic acid) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning. Tyrosinase immobilization was performed by EDC/N-hydroxyl succinimide activation. Covalent binding of tyrosinase onto nanofibers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance, and bicinchoninic acid assay revealed the amount of enzyme. Nanofiber morphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Nanofibers became smoother and thicker after tyrosinase immobilization. Effects of enzyme on nanofibers were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the data were fitted to equivalent electrical circuit model. EDX-mapping showed uniform distribution of enzyme. The solution resistance and charge transfer resistance of nanofibers decreased after enzyme immobilization.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Carcinogenesis, Establishment, Progression, and Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has had a continuous increase worldwide in incidence over the last two decades. The development of HCC has a complicated process and correlates to numerous risk factors including hepatitis virus infection, alcoholism, food toxins, diabetes, obesity, smoking, congenital liver diseases, and errors of metabolism. Molecular links are also identified, which characterize tumorigenic intracellular pathways and suggest molecular targeted therapies.

Each year, HCC is diagnosed in approximately 630,000 people worldwide and more than half of the new cases come from China. Correct understanding and interpretation of the details of carcinogenesis, establishment, and progression of this cancer is of paramount importance for its treatment with good outcome. There are many therapeutic modalities for treatment of HCC but evidence-based approach to the multidisciplinary management is substantial.

This special issue contains the research papers focusing on the current general interest in HCC, including basic research, laboratory study, diagnosis, and treatment. Study on molecular aspects of HCC is a highlight of this special issue, involving microRNAs, genes, tumor markers, and so forth. We hope that these articles will stimulate the lasting exertion to unveil the mechanism of HCC development and progression and cast new insights into HCC establishment and management.

Yong-Song Guan

Mohammad Ahmad al-Shatouri

Qing He

Wei Mike Liu
CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF OIL SHALE ASH MIXED WITH GRANITIC AND MARBLE WASTES TO PRODUCE LIGHTWEIGHT BRICKS; pp. 56–69

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the possible utilization of different waste materials such as oil shale ash mixed with marble and granite sludge, to produce low-cost compressed strong lightweight masonry bricks and alike. Various mixtures of the three wastes were prepared with different proporÂ­tions by weight. Characterization of the produced bricks was conducted by carrying out laboratory tests including but not limited to absorption, permeability, dry density, void ratio, thermal conductivity and compressive strength. On average, compressive strength values were 3.5 and 3.8 MPa at 28 days for ash-granite and ash-marble sludge, respectively, compared with the specified value of 3.5 MPa for cement bricks. The strength of ash-based samples is attributed to the alkali-pozzolanic reaction in the tested composites. On the other hand, the tested samples showed a very low permeability ranging from 3 Ã 10â6 to 7.2 Ã 10â6 cm/sec, in addition to the low dry density between 1.14 and 1.27 g/cm3. Moreover, a low thermal conÂ­ductivity of about 0.1 and 0.2 W/m K was measured for the produced bricks. Such results are encouraging to investigate further the properties and feasibility of production of such new bricks which would be used to build new low-income houses.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Rumen and Thymic Amyloidosis in a Guanaco

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY A squamous cell carcinoma of the rumen was diagnosed in an 8-year-old female guanaco ( Lama kuanochi ), that was born in captivity. Grossly, the tumor involved the anterodorsal aspect of the rumen. Tumor metastases were found in the diaphragm, liver, omentum, and abdominal lymph nodes. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of small nests of polyhedral squamous cells with intercellular bridges, keratin pearls, and marked stromal fibroplasia. Extensive amyloidosis was found in the thymus.
The effects of vagal stimulation and applied acetylcholine on the sinus venosus of the toad.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The effects of vagal stimulation and applied acetylcholine were compared on the isolated sinus venosus preparation of the toad, Bufo marinus. 2. The effects of applied acetylcholine and of low‐frequency, or short bursts of high‐frequency vagal stimulation were abolished by hyoscine. 3. When intracellular recordings were made from muscle cells of the sinus venosus, it was found that applied acetylcholine caused bradycardia and a cessation of the heart beat which was associated with membrane hyperpolarization and a reduction in the duration of the action potentials. Much of the effect of acetylcholine can be attributed to it causing an increase in potassium conductance, gK. 4. When slowing was produced by low‐frequency vagal stimulation, only a small increase in maximum diastolic potential was detected. During vagal arrest the membrane potential settled to a potential positive of the control maximum diastolic potential. 5. In the presence of barium, much of the bradycardia associated with vagal stimulation persisted. Although the bradycardia produced by added acetylcholine also persisted in the presence of barium, the effects of acetylcholine that could be attributed to an increase in gK were abolished. 6. Addition of caesium ions produced bradycardia with membrane potential changes similar to those seen during vagal stimulation. 7. The results are discussed in relation to the idea that neuronally released acetylcholine reduces inward current flow during diastole. In contrast applied acetylcholine as well as reducing inward current flow during diastole also increases outward current flow by increasing gK.
Drugs and Democracy in Colombia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The political-criminal nexus in Colombia is a complex phenomenon, part of an ongoing Colombian drama in which many actors with various interests play a role: illegal drugs and other criminal organizations, guerrillas, paramilitary groups, the army and the police, political parties, civil society organizations and others. The experience of countries or regions that produce illegal drugs indicate that there are some underlying conditions that encourage production, and that there are other immediate factors that appear to trigger production. The Colombian narcotics industry has contributed most significantly to the formation of the political-criminal nexus in Colombia. Colombia's drug economy and the situation of the narcotics business in that country also need to be considered. Colombia maintains a fairly sizeable trafficking establishment. Collusive ties between government and criminals are manifested in a number of ways. The most basic is the nexus of criminal money and functions of government.
First Monday Library Chat: University of Iowa's DIY History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Welcome back! Today I’m speaking with Jen Wolfe, Digital Scholarship Librarian at the University of Iowa, and one of the key organizers of DIY History – a UI Library initiative to crowdsource transcriptions of their digitized special collections. DIY History includes several manuscript collections, from Civil War diaries to transcontinental railroad letters. What was the impulse behind the creation of DIY History? How did you decide on which collections to include? In 2011, the UI Libraries...
Ultrastructural aspects of captive hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) . platelets

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

To determine the role of platelets in normal haemo­ stasis and pathological atherosclerosis, specific aspecls oftheir ultrastructure have been investigated. Pinnipeds have been used as a model to study .the dietary effects of marine oils, rich in n-3 fatty aCids, on the reduced incidence of human cardiovascular disease. Ultrastructural features of hooded seal (Cysto­ phora cristata) platelets resemble those characteristic of circulating mammalian thrombocytes. These include: submembrane filaments, a circumferential band of microtubules, a surface-connected canalicu­ lar system, a dense tubular system, alpha granules, mitochondria, dense bodies and glycogen. Hood~d seal platelets, however, were found to remain discoid and maintain their circumferential band of microtubules when cooled to and fixed at 4°C.
[Evaluation of intracranial volume compensation analyzing changes of harmonic components of intracranial pressure pulse wave].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse wave was analysed during infusion tests performed in hospital (hydrocephalus) and in cats. Pulse wave changes were evaluated calculating the high frequency centroid index (HFC) in the HFC, found to be a very valuable parameter in intracranial volume-pressure situation evaluation. The HFC decrease occurred much earlier than the rise of ICP in both clinical and experimental studies. Thus the HCF index should be very usefull in clinical evaluation of intracranial volume-pressure relation disturbances.
Overnight urinary 11-hydroxycorticosteroid estimations in diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overnight specimens of urine were collected from control, obese, and hirsute women and from 11 women with Cushing's syndrome. Urinary 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in the group with Cushing's syndrome were significantly higher than in the other three groups. This simple test has proved invaluable when screening for Cushing's syndrome in a busy outpatient clinic.
Comparison of the Air-Q®sp versus the LMA® Supreme™ in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous studies have reported the clinical utility of the LMA® Supreme™ (LMA Supreme) in laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, but there has been limited research on the effectiveness of the self-pressurized Air-Q® (Air-Q) in this clinical context. This study assessed the clinical performance of the Air-Q in laparoscopic gynecological surgeries by comparing its effectiveness, particularly in terms of oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), against that of the LMA Supreme. Fifty-two female patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists class I–II) scheduled for laparoscopic gynecologic surgery were randomly assigned to either the Air-Q group or the LMA Supreme group. The primary outcome was OLP, and secondary outcomes included the number of attempts required for device insertion, the time taken for insertion, difficulty of insertion, leakage rate, and complications associated with supraglottic airway device use. The Air-Q group exhibited a significantly lower OLP compared to the LMA Supreme group (19.5 ± 4.1 cmH2O vs. 23.2 ± 6.0 cmH2O, p = 0.011), with a mean difference of −3.8 cmH2O (95% confidence interval, −6.6 to −0.9 cmH2O). Analysis of secondary outcomes revealed no significant differences between the two groups. LMA Supreme could be preferred over Air-Q for airway management during general anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery primarily due to its higher OLP. However, the Air-Q remains a viable alternative, exhibiting no significant differences in leakage rates compared to LMA Supreme.