jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Luminescence in the oxidation of isoproterenol by the superoxide anion radical in dimethyl sulfoxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemiluminescence appearing during oxidation of isoproterenol using chemical system involving superoxide anion radical has been studied. Chemiluminescence and fluorescence spectra were measured. The chemiluminescence spectrum was measured with cut‐off filters and revealed bands with maximum at 440, 480, 550, 640 and 700 nm. The bands at 480, 640 and 700 nm were similar to those observed for singlet oxygen. The fluorescence spectrum exhibited maximum at 560 nm. The inhibitory effect of several biologically important compounds known as O2 •‐ HO• and 1O2 scavengers on the light emission was studied. The obtained results indicate that oxidation of isoproterenol by O2 •‐ involves products in the electronically excited states. The data also seem to indicate the protective effect of isoproterenol on the deoxyribose degradation.
Parents' Migration and Children's Subjective Well‐being and Health: Evidence from Rural China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines differences in children's subjective well‐being and health across the full range of family structures that have emerged in China's rural areas because of parental labour migration. It uses original cross‐sectional survey data collected in 2010 in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces from children aged 8–17 years, as well as from their teachers and guardians ( n = 992). The results indicate no significant difference between ‘left‐behind’ children and other children for satisfaction with life events. However, the results do demonstrate that left‐behind children fare worse than children who live with both parents for behaviour at school, confidence in the realisation of future goals, loneliness, and health. The results further reveal that who migrates matters for children's well‐being. Specifically, children with two migrant parents fare worse than children with only one migrant parent for several dimensions of well‐being including behaviour and loneliness. Meanwhile, the children of lone migrant mothers fare worse than all other children for selected measures, most notably health. Following other scholars, our analyses underscore the sensitivity of the results to the dimension of child well‐being measured and to who provides the evaluation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moduli of semistable sheaves as quiver moduli

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the 1980s Drézet and Le Potier realized moduli spaces of Gieseker-semistable sheaves on $\mathbb{P}^2$ as what are now called quiver moduli spaces. We discuss how this construction can be understood using t-structures and exceptional collections on derived categories, and how it can be extended to a similar result on $\mathbb{P}^1\times\mathbb{P}^1$.
Dietary exposure assessment to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the European population

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chronic and acute dietary exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) was estimated in the European population via the consumption of plant‐derived foods. This resulted in highest estimates of mean chronic dietary exposure of 34.5–48.4 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day in ‘Toddlers’ (LB–UB) and 154–214 ng/kg bw per day in the highly exposed population (LB–UB, also in ‘Toddlers’). Following a rather conservative scenario, the highest estimates of acute mean exposure and 95th percentile exposure were calculated for ‘Toddlers’, with mean exposure up to 311 ng/kg bw per day and 95th percentile exposure up to 821 ng/kg bw per day. Tea and herbal infusions were by far the main average contributors to the total exposure to PAs. Among consumers only, in the adult population, the mean chronic exposure via the consumption of honey ranged between 0.1 and 7.4 ng/kg bw per day (minimum LB–maximum UB), while for high consumers, it was between 0.4 and 18 ng/kg bw per day (minimum LB–maximum UB). In the young population, for the average consumers of honey, estimates were between 0.3 and 27 ng/kg bw per day (minimum LB–maximum UB), and between 0.7 and 31 ng/kg bw per day (minimum LB–maximum UB) among the high consumers. Ad hoc exposure scenarios for food supplements via consumption of pollen‐based supplements showed chronic exposure to PAs that ranged between 0.7 and 12 ng/kg bw per day (minimum LB–maximum UB), while acute exposure was between 2.8 and 44 ng/kg bw per day (minimum LB–maximum UB), in both cases among consumers only. Likewise, the consumption of 150 mL infusion of 2 g of selected plant extracts can lead to exposures to PAs up to 890 ng/kg bw per day (e.g. infusion of Borage).
Next-generation DNA sequencing in an appropriate sex assignment: case report of two phenotypically similar patients with 46, XY disorder of sex development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Disorders of sex development (DSD) are known as the inborn atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex. New opportunities in counseling DSD patients have emerged with advent of the next generation DNA sequencing (NGS) techniques. Case Presentation: Two clinical 46, XY DSD cases having similar phenotypical features, including ambiguous genitalia, are presented in this paper. In the first patient, no causative variant was found, meanwhile, a heterozygous variant in the CHD 7 gene considered as likely-benign was identified (chr8: 61693942, rs377139749, NM_017780.3:c.2053_2058dupGCAAAA p.Lys686_Thr687insAlaLys). Neither gonadal ability to produce androgens, nor tissue androgen sensitivity was impaired, therefore leading to a decision to maintain the initially assigned male sex in this patient. In the other patient, the study revealed previously reported heterozygous missense variant in the SEMA3A gene (chr7: 83636785, rs769957117, NM_006080.2:c.А1024G:p. Met342Val) responsible for HH type 16 (OMIM 614897). As well, a novel hemizygous variant in the AR gene (chrX: 66942818, AR: NM_000044:c.G2599C:p.Val867Leu) was identified. In conjunction with the features of HH, this leads to a decision to reassign the sex of rearing to a female. Conclusion: NGS technique may be helpful in optimal sex assignment in DSD cases.
Excellent Stability of a Lithium‐Ion‐Conducting Solid Electrolyte upon Reversible Li+/H+ Exchange in Aqueous Solutions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Batteries with an aqueous catholyte and a Li metal anode have attracted interest owing to their exceptional energy density and high charge/discharge rate. The long‐term operation of such batteries requires that the solid electrolyte separator between the anode and aqueous solutions must be compatible with Li and stable over a wide pH range. Unfortunately, no such compound has yet been reported. In this study, an excellent stability in neutral and strongly basic solutions was observed when using the cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 garnet as a Li‐stable solid electrolyte. The material underwent a Li + /H + exchange in aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, its structure remained unchanged even under a high exchange rate of 63.6 %. When treated with a 2 M LiOH solution, the Li + /H + exchange was reversed without any structural change. These observations suggest that cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 is a promising candidate for the separator in aqueous lithium batteries.
Dome formation in the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco‐2 in culture. Influence of ouabain and permeable supports

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We studied formation of domes in cell monolayers of the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco‐2 which has been shown to exhibit signs of enterocytic differentiation and transport properties. After a 24 hr incubation with 4 × 10(‐8) M ouabain, the number of domes seen on Caco‐2 cell monolayers grown on plastic dishes was not significantly altered. After a 90 min preincubation with ouabain, 86rubidium uptake by Caco‐2 cells was inhibited by ouabain, indicating that the cells have an ouabain‐sensitive Na+, K+‐ATPase, while dome formation was unaffected by ouabain. Domes were observed in Caco‐2 cell monolayers grown on Nuclepore filters when the pore size was 0.015 micron but not when it was 0.030 micron. Our results suggest that dome formation in the Caco‐2 cell line could be independent of Na+, K+‐ATPase activity and might be due to accumulation of molecules having an effective hydrodynamic radius comprised between 0.015 and 0.030 micron.
CHRONIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS: REPORT OF SEVENTY CASES IN WHICH RESORT WAS MADE TO THE CALDWELL-LUC OPERATION

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The Caldwell-Luc operation, introduced in 1897, has continued to be one of the most important surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic infection of the maxillary sinus.1Variations have been made in the technic, but the fundamental principles remain the same. The history of the development of this operation, which is familiar to all rhinologists, has recently been reviewed by Alden2and Williams3and Voorhees.4 Specific indications for the Caldwell-Luc operation will be reflected in the case reports included in this study. According to Childrey,5when surgical intervention is necessary in the treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis it should be as conservative as is consistent with cure of the disease. His operation, cristectomy, is similar to Sturman's and offers permanent aeration and drainage with an entirely satisfactory opening for subsequent observation. Childrey, however, recognized certain types of cases to which the transoral operation is best suited. Goodyear6reported a large
Real‐world outcomes of intensive induction approaches in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Core‐binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML) is characterized by the presence of inv(16)/t(16;16) or t(8;21) and is classified as a favorable risk by the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines. The CD33‐targeting antibody‐drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), is commonly added to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in CBF‐AML. We sought to compare outcomes in patients treated with IC with or without GO in CBF‐AML. We included 200 patients with CBF‐AML treated with IC across seven academic centers. Induction treatment regimens were categorized as IC alone, IC with GO, or IC with KIT inhibitor (dasatinib or midostaurin). Median follow‐up for the whole cohort was 2.5 years. Three‐year overall survival (OS) was 70% and 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 51%. Patients treated with IC with GO experienced a 3‐year EFS of 50% compared to those treated with IC alone who experienced a 3‐year EFS of 47%, with no statistically significant difference ( p = 0.62). Similarly, those treated with IC with GO did not experience an improved OS compared to those treated with IC alone ( p = 0.67). Patients treated with IC with KIT inhibitor experienced a significantly improved 3‐year EFS of 85% compared to those with IC with or without GO ( p = 0.04). We find in our study that there is no survival benefit in patients treated with IC with the addition of GO; improved EFS was seen in patients with CBF‐AML treated with IC plus KIT inhibitors, consistent with outcomes noted in prospective studies utilizing this approach.
Cell-by-cell construction of living tissue by ambient laser transfer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to fabricate and interface biological systems for next generation applications such as biosensors, protein recognition microarrays, and engineered tissues, it is imperative to have a method of accurately and rapidly depositing different active biomaterials in patterns or layered structures. Ideally, the biomaterial structures would also be compatible with many different substrates including technologically relevant platforms such as electronic circuits, microfluidic devices, or even living tissue. We have developed a technique termed matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW), that is able to form patterns and three-dimensional structures of numerous biologically active species ranging from protein solutions to living cells. Specifically, we have shown that MAPLE DW is capable of forming mesoscopic patterns of many components needed to construct complex 3D tissue such as living mammalian cells (mouse pluripotent, human osteoblast, rat cardiac), numerous active proteins, extracellular matrix materials, and semi-rigid scaffold materials. This manuscript presents experimental results on our stepwise efforts to fabricate living tissue constructs. We first demonstrate the ability to form 2D microarrays from active proteins and living cells. We then discuss our efforts to begin 3D printing of both living cells and scaffold materials.
Construction and effect of caspase-3 fusion proteins and their apoptosis induction in HeLa cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AIM To investigate the induction of HeLa cells to apoptosis by the expression of reversed caspase 3 and its N terminal fusion protein. METHODS RT PCR and recombi nant PCR were used to amplify human caspase 3 gene and construct reversed caspase 3 and its fusion protein genes. Following cloning into expression vector pcDNA3 and transfecting HeLa cells, we evaluated the growth condition and apoptosis of these cells by cell counting, electron microscope photographs, as well as MTT assays. RESULTS We successfully obtained human caspase 3 gene, the genes and expression vectors of reversed caspase 3 and its fusion protein with part of the translocation domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). Compared with the control group, the expression of both genes caused in a similar degree the decrease of living cell numbers and massive occurrence of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Both reversed caspase 3 and its fusion protein can effectively induce HeLa cells to apoptosis.
Informal Institutional Elements as Both Preconditions and Consequences of Effective Formal Legal Rules: The Failure of Constitutional Institution Building in Hungary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Institutions are made up of the interplay of three components: (i) formal rules, (ii) actual practices, and (iii) narratives (the last two are referred to jointly as informal institutional elements). However, lawyers in post-socialist countries do not see law through institutionalist lenses, but often nurture a false and simplistic idea of the law: they consider it to be the sum of rules, often disregarding the actual practices of the rules’ addressees and the narratives attached to the law (encompassing everything from the raison d’être and goal of the institution, its symbolism, the public discourse surrounding it, to social attitudes toward the institution). This restricted view makes Hungarian lawyers blind and to a certain extent also defenceless against recent authoritarian tendencies. Institution building has been a moderately successful feat in Hungary. To put it more pessimistically, it has partially failed since the end of socialism, in particular when it comes to actual practices and narratives. In the Hungarian context, consideration of the problems of institution building suggests two general conclusions: on the one hand, the lack of unison among the individual elements (rules, practices, narratives) renders institutions less stable and consequently less capable of inducing compliance with the law; on the other, the institutions that have been established have failed to deliver prosperity to the political community. This Article describes the constitution making of 2010–2011 from the perspective of institution building. This institutionalist view of the law yields two main specific findings: First, historical experience shows that in addition to honest determination, a swift, radical institutional overhaul of a complete legal system can only be sustainable in the presence of an external pressure, the effect of which has unfortunately decreased with Hungary’s accession to the European Union. That is, institution building should go hand in hand with effective international and EU obligations undertaken in more sober political moments to guarantee that the political community will not later enter into a self-destructive mode. Second, if they took more consciously into account elements beyond mere rules, such as actual practices and narratives in the realm of legislation, the application of the law and legal training would ideally result in the gradual reinforcement of substantive cultural elements. This, however, requires political action, more precisely the adjustment of formal rules. Since this is not in the interest of the incumbent decision makers, overcoming the impasse seems unlikely for the time being.
SOGI-FLL-WDCRC Filter for Seamless Control of Microgrid for Optimal Coordination of Conventional and Renewable Energy Resources

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An efficient control strategy is presented in this paper to obtain seamless synchronization and improved power quality (PQ) for an AC microgrid feeding highly distorted and unpredictable loads. This paper proposes an improved second-order generalized integrator-frequency locked loop with DC-offset rejection capacity (SOGI-FLL-WDCRC) filter in an AC microgrid to mitigate the grid pollution and the PQ issues caused by the nonlinear loads. The SOGI-FLL-WDCRC filter accurately estimates the positive sequence components (PSCs), phase angle and frequency from the abnormal grid voltages. Thereby, high-quality grid currents and seamless synchronization are realized even at abnormal grid voltages. Moreover, it accurately extracts the fundamental active weight component of the nonlinear load currents, even during dynamic conditions. This results in the generation of accurate reference source currents, thus allowing efficient functioning of the voltage source converter (VSC) and delivering high-quality power to the system by mitigating the load's harmonics, reactive power and unbalanced components. The proposed control is designed in MATLAB/Simulink platform and its performance is studied. A 3.2kW solar PV array integrated to a 220V (line), 50Hz three-phase utility grid/DEG set is designed and developed as a laboratory prototype to validate the simulated responses. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed control is verified and compared with conventional controls using dSPACE-1202 MicroLabBox on a laboratory test bed. The results obtained from the simulation software and laboratory test bed confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control in estimating the accurate PSCs of grid voltages and oscillations free weight components with higher convergence and better stability under abnormal grid and load conditions.
Studies of the Byron Bog in Southwestern Ontario: IX. Insects Trapped as Adults Emerging from Redmond's Pond

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the description of the Byron Bog (Judd, 1957a) it was pointed out that Redmond's Pond is situated in the northwest corner of the bog and that during 1956 a tent-trap was anchored in a small bay in the northeast corner of the pond to trap insects emerging as adults from the water. The position of the trap on the pond is shown in the map accompanying the description of the bog (Judd, 1957a) and the structure and use of the trap are also described by Judd (1957b). The trap was placed on the water on May 15, 1956 and remained there until November 8. It was about four feet from the edge of the pond in water about two feet deep. At this point the bottom of the pond was composed of a thick layer of loose, brown peat and the adjacent edge of the pond was occupied by a dense growth of leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata , growing in Sphagnum (Judd, 1957a). The branches of the bushes of leatherleaf extended out over the water of the small bay in which the trap floated. The only rooted plant growing in and around the trap was spatterdock, Nuphar advena . Floating in the water was a sparse growth of bladderwort, Utricularia vulgaris , and on the surface of the water there were a few scattered fronds of duckweed, Lemna minor , and water flax-seed, Spirodela polyrhiza .
Another Other: The Refugee – On Finding the Missing Link in the Evolution of the Human Zoo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a consequence of the ‘refugee-crisis’, right-wing movements all over Europe are the political agenda. A close investigation of how cause and effect are connected is therefore long overdue. By closely analyzing Brett Bailey’s controversial artwork Exhibit B that features several tableaux vivants depicting colonial subjects and refugees, this paper seeks to accomplish two goals: first, to illustrate that the so-called ‘refugee-crisis’ is a direct result of past (and ongoing) colonial interventions by the European nations; and second, to address the arduous task of defining the self in times of ‘crisis’. As a sort of panoptic ‘mirror stage’, the human zoo format of the late 19th and early 20th century was a cardinal means to corroborate European economic predominance, cultural superiority, and racial fixity by constantly reproducing the hegemonic binary between ‘them’ and ‘us’. Exhibit B uses this intertext to bind together early (colonialist) representations of the Other and the latest ‘product’ of the global economy by laying bare the space both of these processes of Othering rely on in order to take effect: the ‘zone of indistinction’, the sovereign-declared threshold between bios and zoē. This paper hence uses the transformative link of Exhibit B to the ‘human zoo’ in order to argue that ‘the refugee’ is the biopolitical product of a continuously progressing
process of othering; he is the result of predominant colonial narratives and economic structures: an ‘uncivilized’ and ‘potentially dangerous’ (human) being that is incompatible with ‘our’ norms and values; he is a modern homo sacer dwelling in ever-changing zones of indistinction – he is another Other.
Salicylic acid induces acclimation to water deficit in Phaseolus lunatus genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the lima bean is the second most economically significant legume within the genus Phaseolus. Climate change, particularly water scarcity, threatens the production of this species. The application of salicylic acid has mitigated the adverse effects of stress. This study aimed to assess the impact of salicylic acid on acclimatisation to water restriction in three genotypes of Phaseolus lunatus (‘Cara Larga’, ‘Cearense’, and ‘Orelha de Vó’). A completely randomised design with a triple factorial included three broad bean genotypes, two pre-conditionings with 1.0 mM salicylic acid and without this elicitor (0.0 mM), and three levels of water availability (75, 50, and 25%), totalling 18 treatments with eight replicates. Physiological and biochemical responses were evaluated after 60 days of treatment. The responses varied among the genotypes. ‘Cara Larga’ stood out regarding osmoregulatory and antioxidant parameters compared to the other genotypes. In contrast, ‘Cearense’ showed an increase only in carbohydrates and carotenoids concentrations, while ‘Orelha de Vó’ exhibited more efficient water use and higher levels of proline under greater water restriction, concurrently with a decline in other parameters. Overall, the ‘Cara Larga’ genotype appears to be the most responsive to the modulating effects induced by acid application, especially under a water restriction of 25%. Applying, applying salicylic acid under conditions of low water availability may be a strategy for modulating the synthesis of osmoregulatory and antioxidant responses in P. lunatus.