jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the perturbation signal for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the time domain

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The choice of the perturbation wave form is of crucial importance for reliable electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements based on the fast Fourier transformation. Using numerical simulation, arguments and results are presented for the choice and the optimization of a perturbation signal constructed as a superposition of discrete sine waves with selected frequencies. Two possible ways to optimize the perturbation for better noise immunity are described: choosing proper values for the phases of the individual sine waves, minimal perturbation signal amplitudes can be obtained which improve the quality of impedance data by 25%. By introducing response-sensitive amplitudes an improvement in the quality of data by a factor of 4–5 can be reached in the low frequency range. A new technique for single-pulse measurements with continuous perturbations that assures a steady-state response and better accuracy at high capacitive and/or inductive samples is also described.
Aedophron phlebophora Lederer 1858

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aedophron phlebophora Lederer, 1858 Pl. 2, fig. 12; male genitalia Pl. 6, fig. 30; female genitalia Pl. 9, fig. 46. Aedophron phlebophora Lederer, 1858, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. 2: 144 (TL.: Syria: Damaskus). Synonymy: Aedophron monotonia Amsel, 1935, Aedophron phlebophora postnigra Draudt, 1937, Aedophron phlebophora postrosea Draudt, 1937, Aedophron pallida Schwingenschuss, 1938. References: Christoph 1873; Hampson 1903; Schwingenschuss 1938; Wiltshire 1951; Hacker & Kautt 1999; Hacker 2001; Hacker & Meineke 2001; Ebert & Hacker 2002 (Aedophron phlebophora). Bionomics: Univoltine (Hacker 2001; Kravchenko et al. 2005). Moths flying from April to August. A few notes on the larvae and bionomics have been given by Schwingenschuss (1938). The species inhabits dry steppe biotopes, from lowlands (70 m) to moderate altitude (2800 m). Larvae feed on Phlomis spp. Distribution: Ponto-Turkestanian. Europe (European part of Turkey), Near East, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia (Turkmenistan). – In Iran (Pl. 11, fig. 60) occurs in provinces West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Lorestan, Esfahan, Kohkiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad, Fars and Khuzestan. Material examined: 100 specimens from provinces West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Lorestan, Esfahan, Kohkiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad, Fars and Khuzestan, collected between 26.IV to 2.VIII on elevations from 70 to 2800 m.
Effect of Residue Incorporation on Wheat Grain and Plant Nutrients during a Four-Year Rotation of Canola-Wheat and Bean-Wheat Crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conservation agriculture with use of crop rotations and residue management provides many benefits to the soil and environment, which vary depending on climatic and soil conditions, crops between of the rotation, and the amount of incorporated residue. The present study evaluated the effect of two medium-term of canola (Brassica napus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-wheat rotations with four residue incorporation rates of preceding crop (0, 50, 100, and 200%) on wheat grain yield and nutrient concentrations; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulfur (S) at the end of the fourth season in a volcanic soil in south-central Chile. Grain yield varied between 5.77 and 5.96 Mg ha−1 and was not affected by the preceding crop. The residue incorporation rates had no effect on the evaluated parameters. The preceding crop affected grain K and Mg concentration, which increased after bean. The Ca concentration in the residue was positively affected by the canola crop. Total macronutrient extraction in the wheat crop was 444.1 kg ha−1. The ranking of total macronutrient extraction in the wheat crop was N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg with means of 198–221, 26.1–30.6, 133–163, 20.8–27.1, 13.4–16.5, and 14.9–16.5 kg ha−1, respectively.
Assesment of Pain Symptoms in Terms of Culture

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The common feature of somatoform disorders is the presence of somatic symptoms that cannot be explained by a general medical condition. Pain disorder is also among the somatoform disorders.

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation occuring as a consequence of a disease, injury or an organic pathology. Breuer and Freud, in their studies on hysteria, suggested that pain could be a manifestation of a psychological problem.

The lifetime prevalence is not precisely known. In the Turkish mental health study 12 month incidence of pain disorder is found to be % 11.3 among women , % 4.8 among men and % 8.4 in the general population.

The cultural diversity of the mental illnesses particularly somatic symptoms is noticed. Traditions and belief systems influence the formation, presentation and the managemant of dissociative and somatoform symptoms. Types of somatic symptoms differ across the cultures. Higher rates of somatic complaints are found in South America, Asia, particularly in developing countries.
The seperation between physical and emotional experience occurs precisely in Western countires. Thus somatic symptoms are rarely seen in Western culture.
Control of photorespiratory glycolate metabolism in an oxygen-resistant mutant of Chlorella sorokiniana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Under a gas atmosphere of 99% O2/1% CO2, wild-type cells of Chlorella sorokiniana excreted 12% of their dry weight as glycolate during photolithotrophic growth, whereas mutant cells excreted glycolate at only 3% of the cellular dry weight. The observed difference in glycolate excretion by the two cell types appears to be due to a different capacity for the metabolism of glycolate, rather than to a different glycolate formation rate. This was concluded from experiments in which the metabolism of glycolate via the glycine-serine pathway was inhibited by the addition of isoniazid. Under such conditions, glycolate excretion rates for both cell types were identical. The mutant appeared to have significantly higher specific activities of glycine decarboxylase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, glycerate kinase, and phosphoglycolate phosphatase than did the wild type. The specific activities of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, glycolate dehydrogenase, glyoxylate-aminotransferase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase were the same for wild-type and mutant cells. The internal pool sizes of ammonia and amino acids increased in wild-type cells grown under high-oxygen concentrations but were hardly affected by high oxygen tensions in the mutant cells. Our results indicate that, under the growth conditions applied, the decarboxylation of glycine becomes the rate-limiting step of the glycine-serine pathway for the wild-type cells of C. sorokiniana.
(Invited) Soft-Matter Robot That Communicates Humans By Contacting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The research of soft robots composed of soft materials, named "Soft-matter Robotics", has been drawn attention because it is useful as a technology with high interpersonal affinity. The soft-matter robots have a potential advantage in non-destructive behaviors such as picking up an egg without breaking it. On the other hand, IoT / AI technologies such as smart speakers have become popular in the past several years from the viewpoint of software functions of robots. Robots equipped with communication functions based on IoT technology are also gradually permeating our lives. In the situation where the robot directly touches the human, the soft-matter robot fused with the IoT technology will have the flexibility of the body and the IoT sensor module, so that it is possible to achieve the advanced interaction without damaging the human. However, the softness of the soft-matter robot depends on its material characteristics. It is necessary for realizing the advanced communication to clarify the property of the sensing data of physical contact with human that the installed IoT module can acquire from the material. This study verifies whether the touching method such as poking, stroking and so on of a three-dimensional object of additive type silicone rubber can be classified through a vibration sensor. Then, we develope a robot that communicates with humans by feeding back the sensed data with light and vibration. Figure 1
Clinical Impact of the Use of Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: We evaluated the impact of warfarin use on the clinical outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation who were undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data from patients undergoing maintenance HD who participated in HD quality assessment programs. Patients who were assigned the diagnostic code for atrial fibrillation (n = 4829) were included and divided into two groups based on the use of warfarin: No group (no warfarin prescriptions (n = 4009)), and Warfarin group (warfarin prescriptions (n = 820)). Results: Cox regression analyses revealed that the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality in the Warfarin group was 1.15 (p = 0.005) in univariate analysis and 1.11 (p = 0.047) in multivariable analysis compared to that of the No group. Hemorrhagic stroke was significantly associated with warfarin use, but no significant association between the use of warfarin and ischemic stroke or cardiovascular events was observed. The subgroup results demonstrated similar trends. Conclusions: Warfarin use is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and hemorrhagic stroke, and has a neutral effect on ischemic stroke and cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing HD, compared to those who are not using warfarin.
Oscillatory Structure in Total-Charge-Transfer Cross Sections

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Oscillatory structure has been observed in total symmetric and asymmetric charge-transfer cross-section measurements involving the alkali-metal atoms. Cross sections with oscillations similar to experimental results had been obtained from impact-parameter calculations using a two-state approximation with an interaction potential difference containing a maximum. This paper describes a physical model of charge transfer relating to the oscillatory electron capture probability. The ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ + Li calculations of Peek et al. are examined and used as an example to relate capture-probability oscillations to those in total cross section. Computed capture probabilities having anomalous oscillations are shown as a function of impact parameter at several velocities. The capture-probability maxima are shown as contours on a plot of impact parameter versus inverse impact velocity. This plot illustrates capture-probability oscillations having a nearly stationary phase over a range of impact parameters, which results in oscillations in the total cross section. Oscillation damping and phase-constant effects are briefly examined to relate experimental results with theory. Near-resonant asymmetric oscillations are also discussed.
Effect of parallel and antiparallel configuration on magnetic damping in Co/Ag/Co/Gd

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When two ferromagnetic layers have a common resonance frequency, the usual spin-pumping broadening may be reduced by dynamic exchange coupling. Utilizing the antiferromagnetic coupling between Co and Gd, we explore the change in ferromagnetic resonance accompanying a spontaneous transition from parallel to antiparallel magnetic alignment of two Co films below the compensation temperature Tcomp. Above Tcomp, the data are consistent with conventional models. However, a rapid doubling of magnetic damping accompanies the realignment, which is reminiscent of resistivity changes in giant magnetoresistance.
Replacing the Father - Representing the Child. A Few Notes on the European History of Guardianship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fatherlessness seems to be a social problem of long historical continuance. In con-temporary social research we find numerous references to studies of the social effects of the absence of fathers. Divorces and new ways to structure sexual relations are, at least in Europe of today, more common reasons for this than loss through death. However, in the long histori-cal period addressed by this publication, 1100 – 1900, there are some specific social, demo-graphic, economic and even biological features that clearly distinguish these past societies from Europe of the present day. The immense importance connected to a person’s belonging to and position within a household is one of them. A much higher mortality rate is another. Young children constituted an age group among whom the death rate was especially high. But young children were also much more often exposed to the loss of one or both parents com-pared with today. Due to this restructured families through remarriage were very common. So was single parent families headed by widows. However, the breaking up of families through the death of a father was often balanced by a partial, formal restructuring of the family, putting someone else in the father’s place even when remarriage did not occur. To make an overview of this particular kind of guardianship, when and how someone in the legal sense replaces the father to represent the child, is the focus of this article. Regulating the succession of guardianship over children was an important task for families, kinship networks and more public institutions, especially the legal sphere, throughout this long period. Nevertheless, it is not easy to even try to tell a story covering all of Europe for so many centuries. A few notes are the most that can be achieved here, with the ambition to initiate a comparative and overriding discussion of these matters.
Additive Manufacturing of Medical Microdevices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Additive manufacturing is a growing field, but its application in the fabrication of medical microdevices has not been fully explored. Traditionally, medical microdevices are manufactured via a combination of techniques such as photolithography, laser-cutting, and micromolding, which collectively have challenges such as multiple fabrication steps, limited design freedom, high fabrication cost, and significant fabrication time. Micro vat photopolymerization is presented here as an alternative method to produce four different microscale medical devices that have applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, and bioscaffolding. In terms of minimum feature size and resolution, the presented structures are comparable, if not superior, to literature quoted parts fabricated through conventional manufacturing methods. The fabrication steps, process parameters, design considerations, learnings, and future research directions are outlined.
Antibody glycosylation: an emerging biomarker of disease activity/protection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Beyond their role in neutralization, antibodies mediate a broad array of functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity and maintaining immune homeostasis. This range of activities is controlled by two modifications to the constant domain of the antibody; genomic selection of isotype/subclass and post‐translational glycosylation. Mounting evidence suggests that antibody glycosylation changes rapidly and widely in the setting of infectious diseases, acting as a critical biomarker of disease activity. For example, agalactosylation is a marker of active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) and Ebola virus infections. However, other sugars are controlled more tightly, such as fucose levels, which control antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In fact, fucose levels are selectively reduced in the setting of “controlled” HIV and MTb infections, strongly arguing for different mechanisms of control of particular antibody glycan profiles. Moreover, vaccination studies demonstrate that antibody glycosylation can be actively harnessed and directed by distinct adjuvants, likely offering the humoral immune system a means to tune a broad range of antibody bio‐activities. Thus the emerging studies aimed at dissecting and defining the specific antibody glycovariants that emerge in the setting of controlled infectious diseases offers a unique opportunity to not only design more effective monoclonal therapeutics but also to define the mechanism(s) underlying pathogen control and a path to the development of next generation vaccines that may harness the post‐translational tuning of antibody effector function.
Poéticas do excesso: Glauco Mattoso e Waldo Motta

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study was based on the literary projects “coprophagic poetry” and “sacred eroticism”, by Glauco Mattoso and by Waldo Motta, respectively. These contemporary poets build their artistic work based on a life of social exclusions. Homosexuality, podolatry, sadomasochism and racism are always in these authors’ works and allow us to undertake a discussion about the conservatism, the contradictions, the deletion and the violence practiced by the bourgeois project of domination of human bodies and desires that are different from the heterosexual view, which guides the existence of the individuals. The contemporary context requires an artistic and social stance that reclaims the power of talk and the visibility of individuals who were erased by human history and who now democratically demand dignity, tolerance and respect. The research started from the intersection between the lyrical and the empirical persona in order to argument a poetics of excess supported, mainly, by the structuralist reading produced by Severo Sarduy (1979) in the essay “For an Ethics of Waste”. Important displacements, circularity, and parodic excess were the predominant expressive resources used to reach our research goal. The heteronormative approach given to social and cultural life enabled us to attest that the poetry of Glauco Mattoso and of Waldo Motta are literary tools that destabilizes sociocultural structures by selecting what is considered abject for their performances.
Lipid quality and filleting yield of reared meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Reared meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ) of average weight 1278 g was evaluated for its filleting yield and fillet lipid quality. Filleting yield averaged 42.2%, while very low levels of muscle fat deposits were measured (1.06%). Analysis of lipid classes revealed a high proportion of polar lipids (48.3–59.1%) and low levels of neutral fatty acids (40.9–51.7%) when compared to corresponding values of other farmed fish species. Phosphatidyl‐choline (PC) was the dominant polar lipid (2.92 mg g −1 muscle), while cholesterol the most abundant neutral lipid (1.68 mg g −1 muscle). The fatty acid composition of meagre fillet generally reflects the dietary fatty acids. Among n‐3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (4.58%) and docohexaenoic (15.0%) were measured to be the most abundant ones, and 18:2n‐6 (11.9%) was the most common n‐6 fatty acid. The fatty acid profiles of polar and neutral fractions differ, with monounsaturated fatty acids being predominant in the neutral and n‐3 polyunsaturates in the polar lipids. The high polar lipid contents and n‐3 fatty acids and the low atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes indicate a high quality of this species’ lipids.
Homological perturbation theory for algebras over operads

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We extend homological perturbation theory to encompass algebraic structures governed by operads and cooperads. The main difficulty is to find a suitable notion of algebra homotopy that generalizes to algebras over operads O. To solve this problem, we introduce what we call thick maps of O-algebras and special thick maps that we call pseudo-derivations, which serve as appropriate generalizations of algebra homotopies for the purposes of homological perturbation theory. As an application, we derive explicit formulas for transferring Cobar(C)-algebra structures along contractions, where C is any connected cooperad in chain complexes. This specializes to transfer formulas for O-infinity algebras for any Koszul operad O, in particular for A-infinity, C-infinity, L-infinity and G-infinity algebras. A key feature is that our formulas are expressed in terms of the compact description of Cobar(C)-algebras as coderivation differentials on cofree C-coalgebras. Moreover, we get formulas not only for the transferred structure and a structure on the inclusion, but also for structures on the projection and the homotopy.
Tolbutamide enhances insulin action on gluconeogenesis and on fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In hepatocytes isolated from fed rats and incubated either under basal conditions or in the presence of glucagon, tolbutamide reduced gluconeogenesis from (U-14C) pyruvate by increasing the cellular concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Furthermore, this sulfonylurea enhanced the inhibitory action of insulin on glucagon-stimulated gluconeogenesis; this effect was accompanied by a more marked increase of the cellular concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate than that elicited by either insulin or the sulfonylurea alone. In connection with this, tolbutamide--without significant modification of cellular cyclic AMP levels--raised the proportion of 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase in active form in hepatocytes incubated either under basal conditions or in the presence of glucagon, and reinforced the action of insulin in antagonizing the glucagon-mediated inactivation of this enzyme.
Improving International Manufacturing Projection: Double Degree with a German University

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At the Alcoy Campus of the Universitat Politècnica de València, we were challenged to obtain the first double degree for our campus. This double degree was established for a Mechanical Engineering major, and our partner institution was Ostfalia Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, located in Wolfenbüttel campus. The agreement between the schools was signed in 2012, after three years of work. Students from either university could get an official diploma in Mechanical Engineering at both universities if they spent two consecutive semesters in the partner institution. This has many benefits for students and professors, which will be discussed in this paper, along with the main process followed to arrive to the final agreement.