jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic degradation of catechol by Desulfobacterium sp. strain Cat2 proceeds via carboxylation to protocatechuate

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Under anoxic conditions, most methoxylated mononuclear aromatic compounds are degraded by bacteria, with catechol being formed as an important intermediate. On the basis of our experiments with the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfobacterium sp. strain Cat2, we describe for the first time the enzymatic activities involved in the complete anaerobic oxidation of catechol and protocatechuate. Results obtained from experiments with dense cell suspensions of strain Cat2 demonstrated that all enzymes necessary for protocatechuate and benzoate degradation were induced during growth with catechol. In addition, anaerobic oxidation of catechol was found to be a CO2-dependent process. Phenol was not degraded in suspensions of cells grown with catechol. In cell extracts of Desulfobacterium sp. strain Cat2, protocatechuyl-coenzyme A (CoA) was formed from catechol, bicarbonate, and uncombined CoA. This oxygen-sensitive reaction requires high concentrations of both bicarbonate and protein, and only very low levels of enzyme were detected. In a second oxygen-sensitive step, protocatechuyl-CoA was reduced to 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA by reductive elimination of the p-hydroxyl group. Further dehydroxylation to benzoyl-CoA was not detectable. Key reactions described for anaerobic degradation of benzoate were catalyzed by cell extracts of strain Cat2, too.
PV+ Cells Enhance Temporal Population Codes but not Stimulus-Related Timing in Auditory Cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spatio-temporal cortical activity patterns relative to both peripheral input and local network activity carry information about stimulus identity and context. GABAergic interneurons are reported to regulate spiking at millisecond precision in response to sensory stimulation and during gamma oscillations; their role in regulating spike timing during induced network bursts is unclear. We investigated this issue in murine auditory thalamo-cortical (TC) brain slices, in which TC afferents induced network bursts similar to previous reports in vivo. Spike timing relative to TC afferent stimulation during bursts was poor in pyramidal cells and SOM+ interneurons. It was more precise in PV+ interneurons, consistent with their reported contribution to spiking precision in pyramidal cells. Optogenetic suppression of PV+ cells unexpectedly improved afferent-locked spike timing in pyramidal cells. In contrast, our evidence suggests that PV+ cells do regulate the spatio-temporal spike pattern of pyramidal cells during network bursts, whose organization is suited to ensemble coding of stimulus information. Simulations showed that suppressing PV+ cells reduces the capacity of pyramidal cell networks to produce discriminable spike patterns. By dissociating temporal precision with respect to a stimulus versus internal cortical activity, we identified a novel role for GABAergic cells in regulating information processing in cortical networks.
On Bernard Harrision and Rigid Definite Descriptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article On Bernard Harrision and Rigid Definite Descriptions Get access THOMAS C RYCKMAN THOMAS C RYCKMAN DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY, 403 ROSS HALL, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYAMES, IOWA 50011, U S A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XCIII, Issue 371, July 1984, Pages 430–432, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XCIII.371.430 Published: 01 July 1984
Diagnostic Guidelines for Usual Interstitial Pneumonia and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

*Department of Radiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA †Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Correspondence to: Andrea S. Oh, MD, 757 Westwood Plaza, Box 957437, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (e-mail: [email protected]).
Magnetogasdynamies and its possible Aeronautical Applications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Professor Lighthill's paper has discussed the dissociative behaviour of air at the high temperatures produced when it is compressed in a shock or heated by friction in a boundary layer under hypersonic flight conditions. Just as molecules may dissociate into atoms, so may these molecules and atoms split further into charged ions and electrons. The equilibrium state of this ionisation process is amenable to the same thermodynamical or statistical-mechanical treatment as in the case of dissociation, the Law of Mass Action in this context being referred to as the Saha equation. Consider the simplest case where a monatomic gas is singly ionised, a fraction α of the atoms having lost one electron, so becoming singly charged positive ions.
Natural History of Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy with Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The natural history of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant radiation therapy is heterogeneous with only a minority of these men experiencing systemic progression and death from prostate cancer. The decision to begin additional therapies in such patients must balance the risk of disease progression, based on pathological Gleason score and postoperative prostate specific antigen doubling time, against the cost and morbidity of treatment.
On non-semisimple fusion rules and tensor categories

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Category theoretic aspects of non-rational conformal field theories are discussed. We consider the case that the category C of chiral sectors is a finite tensor category, i.e. a rigid monoidal category whose class of objects has certain finiteness properties. Besides the simple objects, the indecomposable projective objects of C are of particular interest. The fusion rules of C can be block-diagonalized. A conjectural connection between the block-diagonalization and modular transformations of characters of modules over vertex algebras is exemplified with the case of the (1,p) minimal models.
Lack of Small Intestinal Dysbiosis Following Long-Term Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Rofecoxib in the Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Intestinal dysbiosis is linked to numerous gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. It is a question of debate if coxibs, selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, cause dysbiosis. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term (four weeks) selective inhibition of COX-2 on the small intestinal microbiota in the rat. In order to avoid mucosal damage due to topical effects and inflammation-driven microbial alterations, rofecoxib, a nonacidic compound, was used. The direct inhibitory effect of rofecoxib on the growth of bacteria was ruled out in vitro. The mucosa-sparing effect of rofecoxib was confirmed by macroscopic and histological analysis, as well as by measuring the intestinal levels of cytokines and tight junction proteins. Deep sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that chronic rofecoxib treatment had no significant influence on the composition and diversity of jejunal microbiota. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that long-term selective inhibition of COX-2 by rofecoxib does not cause small intestinal dysbiosis in rats. Moreover, inhibition of COX-2 activity is not likely to be responsible per se for microbial alterations caused by some coxibs, but other drug-specific properties may contribute to it.
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex: A Cause of Dental Caries in Uyo, Southern Nigeria State

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background. Dental caries is a common oral disease worldwide, and it affects above 90% of the population. Several bacteria species are implicated in caries; many of which are the normal microbiota of the buccal cavity. These bacteria are often opportunistic. Caries process starts from proliferation of oral flora, establishment of non-oral bacteria, and production of biofilm leading to plaque formation. This serves as a shield for pathogenic bacteria from being eliminated by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find out the dominant bacteria of caries in Uyo, and factors that influence their occurrence. Methods. One hundred and twenty plaque samples of participants were analyzed using standard laboratory methods; biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility tests results were obtained using Vitek 2 System (bioMe´rieux). CTX-M, TEM and OXA resistance genes were analyzed for, and were amplified on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems thermal cycler using pre-determined conditions set. Results. Nine (9 (33.3%) Gram-positive bacteria and 18 (66.7%) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained. The dominant isolate was Burkholderia cepacia complex 7 (25.9%), while some of the least were; Pediococcus pentosaceus 1 (3.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (3.7%). Ceftazidime was the antibiotic B. cepacia were mostly resistant to, but greatly sensitive to Amikacin and Tobramycin. Six B. cepacia isolates (out of 7 identified) were further analyzed molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing. Burkholderia cenocepacia (2 isolates) and Burkholderia cepacia (4 isolates) were the two species identified. Conclusions. B. cepacia complex is known to cause major complications in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is a major health challenge for it to be implicated in caries in Uyo, as it can easily spread to different parts of the body (the lungs inclusive) through the carious tooth. It is also an established fact that B. cepacia resistance genes rapidly disseminate, making treatment difficult.
The Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the AMSS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Association of MuslimSocial Scientists (AMSS) was jointly organized by the Intemational Instituteof Islamic Thought (IIIT) and the AMSS and was held at the IIITpremises in Hemdon, VA. The open-theme conference featured eighteenpanels organized into fourtem sessions.The opening session consisted of the welcoming address by DilnawazSiddiqui, President (Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, PA), remarksby Mushtaqur Rahman, Conference Chairman (University of Iowa,Ames, IA), and the inaugural address of Taha al 'Alwani (President,IIIT). The second session, "Islamic Philosophy and Compamtive Approaches,"was chaired by Ja'afar Sheikh Idris (Institute of Islamic andArabic Sciences, Fairfax, VA). Presentations included "Islamic Theory ofKnowledge: A Reapptaisal" by Sirajul Husain (Islamic Research and DevelopmentCouncil, Cleveland, OH), "Islamization of the Creative Imaginationand Its Ramifications in the Visual Arts of Islam" by Halide A.Salam (Radford University, Radford, VA), and "The Concept of Free Willin the Comments of al Ash'ari, al Hilli, and Taftazani" by Anne E.Francisse (Seattle, WA).The third session had two concurrent panels: "Concept of Shzird andDemocracy in Islam," chaited by Mumtaz Ahmad (Hampton University,Hampton, VA) and "Culture and Communication," chaired by Ali Ramadan(IIIT). The first panel comprised Aziza a1 Hibri (University of Richmond,Richmond VA) and Ja'afar Shaikh Idris. Al Hibri pointed out thatshura (mutual consultation) is part of Islamic constitutional theory and reflectsthe divine dimension of an Islamic political framework-while democracyis one process of shzirti reflecting the human will in the politicalplane. Also featured was Hamid al-Ghazali (Islamic Center of Lawrence,Lawrence, MO), who gave a special report on the removal of an unjustleader from an Islamic institution that had been presented to the CircuitCourt of Jackson County, Missouri.The culture and communication panel had three presentors. ShamfRahman (Northern State Univedty, Aberdeen, SD) spoke on media typesand Muslim culture vis-8-vis Pakistani films and videos. Hussein Abiva(Chicago, IL) dealt with the role and importance of Sufi orders in Balkan ...
A case of exertional rhabdomyolysis with RYR1 gene variation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The etiology of rhabdomyolysis in adults is multifaceted, with one cause being physical exertion, termed exertional rhabdomyolysis (ERM). Characterized primarily by the destruction of muscle cells, ERM results in the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream, leading to a spectrum of symptoms, including myalgia, dark urine, weakness, and marked elevations in serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels. Some patients experience recurrent symptoms, persistently high serum CK levels (exceeding 50 times the normal upper limit), or unexplained severe manifestations. Despite this, the underlying pathogenesis remains elusive in numerous cases. Recent studies have implicated mutations in the RYR1 gene as a potential cause of exercise-induced ERM. This report describes a patient presenting with ERM and a heterozygous RYR1 gene missense mutation. Following treatment with fluid resuscitation, metabolic optimization, and antioxidant therapy, the patient exhibited clinical and biochemical improvement.
Characterization of antisera for human follicle-stimulating hormone radioimmunoassay.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Recent reports describing radioimmunoassays for measuring plasma gonadotropins show marked differences in the design and extent of studies intended to prove the validity of measurements. We wish to report methods found useful in characterizing a new antiserum and establishing the reliability of an assay for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These studies characterize the assay with respect to: (1) sensitivity, (2) specificity, (3) precision, (4) accuracy, (5) similarity of dose-response relationships of standard and unknown, and (6) agreement of biological and immunological results in physiological studies. The authors believe these methods will be useful for the design of studies to validate other antisera for use in radioimmunoassays.
The Dilemma of the Case Manager in Workers' Compensation: Decision-Maker, System Player, Para Legal/Medical Specialist, Mediator or Enemy?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper explores the complexities of the role of the workers' compensation case manager working for claims agents in South Australia. It provides a brief outline of the many skills required by case managers as they deal with the worker's injury, issues of compliance, the legislation, the social and psychological aspects of the worker's claim and the treatment and management of the worker's welfare. It describes the tensions brought about by the dual nature of the case manager's role that encompasses claims processing and injury management, and the conflicts between human and organisational motivations. These findings, although imprecise, demonstrate that in order to achieve sustainable return to work outcomes, case managers need to be competent, well-trained and team players capable of acting as mediators or brokers across the stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to explore the different views of the problems and possibilities of the role of the claims/injury manager from the perspective of the major stakeholders. Some views on the redesign of the role incorporating a partnership and holistic emphasis rather than the claims processing focus are suggested.
Comparative distribution of 3H‐GABA uptake and GAD immunoreactivity in goldfish retinal amacrine cells: A double‐label analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The comparative distribution of 3 H‐GABA uptake and glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity (GAD‐ER) in amacrine cells of goldfish retina was studied simultaneously by using a combined autoradiographic/immunocytochemical technique in order to determine the degree of colocalization of these two markers of GABAergic neurons; 3 H‐GABA was taken up most intensely by large pyriform Ab amacrine cells (3% of inner nuclear layer (INL) somata), and less intensely by smaller, polyform amacrine cells (12% of INL somata), cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer (one‐half as common as Ab cells), and cell bodies in the inner plexiform layer (very rare). GAD‐IR was observed in 25% of amacrine cells in the INL, the vast majority of which were polyform in shape, and cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer. Twice as many cells were labeled for GAD‐IR as for 3 H‐GABA uptake. Of the cells that took up 3 H‐GABA, colocalization of 3 H‐GABA uptake and GAD‐IR was observed in 90% of the polyform amacrine cells, 80% of the cells in the ganglion cell layer, and none of the pyriform Ab amacrine cells or cells in the inner plexiform layer. We suggest that the polyform cells compose the major population of GABAergic amacrine cells in the goldfish retina, rather than the pyriform Ab cells. GABAergic displaced amacrine cells or ganglion cells are also indicated by our data. The implications of these data with regard to the physiology of the goldfish retina are discussed as well.
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE LOAN AGREEMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW CIVIL CODE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The loan contract contract is a legal contract by which a person, lender, transmits to another person, loanee, the use or the full legal rights regarding an object, with the obligation of returning, at a certain time, of the good or another good of the same quantity and quality The loan contract has two forms, the loan for use and the loan for consumption. The loan for use (Romanian: comodatul) is a free basis contract by which a party, lender (Romanian: comodant), hands in a movable or immovable good in order to be used by the other party, loanee with the obligation of returning, at a certain time, according to the contract . The loan for consumption contract is an agreement by which a person, the lender, gives to another person, the loanee, a sum of money or any goods that are fungible and will be consumed by own nature and the loanee will return the same sum of money or the same quantity and quality of goods.
Rezoning the Alternative: Art and Politics in New York at the Dawn of the Reagan Era

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis studies the history of alternative art spaces in New York, with a particular focus on the changing use and understanding of the term “alternative” at the turn of the 1980s. Exploring the impact of New York’s 1975 fiscal crisis, funding cuts in the public sector, gentrification, and the professionalization of established alternative spaces on the formation of new forms of artists’ self-organization, this thesis reveals the brief period of 1978 to 1981 as a lynchpin in the history of alternative art in New York. Each chapter examines an identity crisis that began to emerge when the first wave of alternative art institutions that formed at the beginning of the 1970s was confronted by a second wave that was poised to replace it. Representatives of this second wave, which included Collaborative Projects, Inc. (1978-1985), Fashion Moda (1978-1993), Group Material (1980-1996), and Political Art Documentation/Distribution (1980-1988), railed in different ways: against the bureaucratization of existing alternative spaces (Chapter One); against the continued exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities (Chapter Two); against the widespread refusal of artists to engage in radical politics (Chapter Three); and against the complicity of alternative spaces in gentrification and displacement (Chapter Four). By examining how competing ideas of the “alternative” coexisted during this brief period of time, I expose the “alternative” as a site of contestation—an unstable keyword struggled over in art discourse and practice. \n \nMore broadly, this thesis asks how the austerity politics instituted in the aftermath of New York’s fiscal crisis left its trace on the organizational forms and institutional positions established in the New York art system at the turn of the 1980s. What marks of neoliberal ideology appeared before Ronald Reagan assumed the presidency of the United States? What assumptions guided artists and art critics working during this period—about the role of the alternative space, the position of the artist in society, and the potential for artists to act as agents of social change? Recovering the imprint of ideology on New York’s alternative art sphere during a moment affirmed by many artists, curators, critics, and politicians as “post-ideological,” this thesis charts the blind spots, limitations, and political consequences of ideals inherited from 1960s counterculture in the New York art system, as well as the unexpected convergence of these ideals and the nascent political imaginary of neoliberalism at the dawn of the Reagan era.
Data from Defining a Population of Stem-like Human Prostate Cancer Cells That Can Generate and Propagate Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> We have shown that the phenotypically undifferentiated (PSA<sup>−/lo</sup>) prostate cancer cell population harbors long-term self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSC) that resist castration, and a subset of the cells within the PSA<sup>−/lo</sup> population bearing the ALDH<sup>hi</sup>CD44<sup>+</sup>α2β1<sup>+</sup> phenotype (Triple Marker<sup>+</sup>/TM<sup>+</sup>) is capable of robustly initiating xenograft tumors in castrated mice. The goal of the current project is to further characterize the biologic properties of TM<sup>+</sup> prostate cancer cell population, particularly in the context of initiating and propagating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> The <i>in vivo</i> CSC activities were measured by limiting-dilution serial tumor transplantation assays in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer xenograft models. <i>In vitro</i> clonal, clonogenic, and sphere-formation assays were conducted in cells purified from xenograft and patient tumors. qPCR, Western blot, lentiviral-mediated gene knockdown, and human microRNA arrays were performed for mechanistic studies.</p><p><b>Results:</b> By focusing on the LAPC9 model, we show that the TM<sup>+</sup> cells are CSCs with both tumor-initiating and tumor-propagating abilities for CRPC. Moreover, primary patient samples have TM<sup>+</sup> cells, which possess CSC activities in “castrated” culture conditions. Mechanistically, we find that (i) the phenotypic markers are causally involved in CRPC development; (ii) the TM<sup>+</sup> cells preferentially express castration resistance and stem cell–associated molecules that regulate their CSC characteristics; and (iii) the TM<sup>+</sup> cells possess distinct microRNA expression profiles and miR-499-5p functions as an oncomir.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our results define the TM<sup>+</sup> prostate cancer cells as a population of preexistent stem-like cancer cells that can both mediate and propagate CRPC and highlight the TM<sup>+</sup> cell population as a therapeutic target. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4505–16. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>