jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Photoluminescence Properties of Gd_2O_3:Eu~(3+) Nanorods

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Gd2O3∶Eu3+ nanorods were prepared via surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. The structure and photoluminescence properties of the nanorods were characterized,and the growth mechanism was discussed. XRD patterns show that the precursors are hexagonal phase Gd(OH)3 crystals,and the samples calcined at 800 ℃ are cubic Gd2O3. TEM images indicate that the samples are nanorods with a diameter of 60 nm and a length of 600 nm. Photoluminescence measurements show that the Gd2O3∶Eu3+ nanorods emit Eu3+ characteristic red-light due to 5D0-7FJ transitions under 254 nm light excitation,which is different from that of the precursor. The results indicate that Gd2O3 nanorod is a candidate as host material for Eu3+ luminescence.
Process optimization and kinetic study of multiwalled carbon nanotube synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work is presented a kinetic study of carbon nanotube production in a pre-pilot fluidized bed reactor. A supported catalyst, namely Fe2O3over ?-alumina is used with ethylene as carbon source. We investigate the influence of parameters, such as temperature, ethylene partial pressure, iron weight fraction and catalyst load. In order to support the study, samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An empirical kinetic model is proposed. Process optimization results suggest the operating variables to be set in a possible scaling up of the process.
Towards automating Codenames spymasters with deep reinforcement learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although most reinforcement learning research has centered on competitive games, little work has been done on applying it to co-operative multiplayer games or text-based games. Codenames is a board game that involves both asymmetric co-operation and natural language processing, which makes it an excellent candidate for advancing RL research. To my knowledge, this work is the first to formulate Codenames as a Markov Decision Process and apply some well-known reinforcement learning algorithms such as SAC, PPO, and A2C to the environment. Although none of the above algorithms converge for the Codenames environment, neither do they converge for a simplified environment called ClickPixel, except when the board size is small.
Virtual Machine Allocation Policy in Cloud Computing Environment using CloudSim

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing has been widely accepted by the researchers for the web applications. During the past years, distributed computing replaced the centralized computing and finally turned towards the cloud computing. One can see lots of applications of cloud computing like online sale and purchase, social networking web pages, country wide virtual classes, digital libraries, sharing of pathological research labs, supercomputing and many more. Creating and allocating VMs to applications use virtualization concept. Resource allocates policies and load balancing polices play an important role in managing and allocating resources as per application request in a cloud computing environment. Cloud analyst is a GUI tool that simulates the cloud-computing environment. In the present work, the cloud servers are arranged through step network and a UML model for a minimization of energy consumption by processor, dynamic random access memory, hard disk, electrical components and mother board is developed. A well Unified Modeling Language is used for design of a class diagram. Response time and internet characteristics have been demonstrated and computed results are depicted in the form of tables and graphs using the cloud analyst simulation tool.
Discrete Rule Learning in First Price Auctions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We present a hidden Markov model of discrete strategic heterogeneity and learning in first price independent private values auctions. The model includes three latent bidding rules: constant absolute mark-up, constant percentage mark-up, and strategic best response. Rule switching probabilities depend upon a bidder's past auction outcomes and a myopic reinforcement learning dynamic. We apply this model to a new experiment that varies the number of bidders and the auction frame between forward and reverse. We find the proportion of bidders following constant absolute mark-up increases with experience, and is higher when the number of bidders is large. The primary driver here is subjects' increased propensity to switch strategies when they experience a loss (win) reinforcement when following a strategic (heuristic) rule.
Standardized Outcome Measures in Stroke Rehabilitation and Falls After Discharge: A Cohort Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Individuals with stroke discharged from inpatient rehabilitation units (IRUs) are at increased risk for falls. In IRUs, standardized outcome measures (SOMs) have been used to predict falls, but the results have been mixed. Objective To examine the relationship between SOMs and the risk of falls in individuals with stroke within 6 months of discharge from an IRU. Design Prospective cohort study with 6‐month follow‐up. Setting IRU that was part of a large, urban academic medical center. Participants Individuals with stroke who underwent rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures Self‐reported falls within 6 months of discharge. Results The study included 105 participants who were discharged to their homes after inpatient rehabilitation and who responded to a 6‐month follow‐up (57% response rate) phone call. Twenty‐nine participants (28%) reported falling. Significant odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for age, sex, and stroke severity, were found for the following measures: Berg Balance Scale (OR 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92‐0.99), Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care basic mobility (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81‐0.97), Motricity Index (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94‐0.98), Functional Independence Measure mobility subscale (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80‐0.98), and Trunk Control Test (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95‐0.99). Areas under the curve ranged from .64 to .71. In samples of 82 to 90 patients who could complete the tests, gait speed, the Functional Reach Test, the 6‐minute Walk Test, and Timed Up and Go did not result in significant ORs. Conclusions At discharge, SOMs were associated with the odds of falls within 6 months. The multifactorial nature of falls will continue to make prediction challenging but SOMs can be helpful. Lower extremity strength deserves more attention as a risk factor.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Meets the ‘Persistently Uninsured’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly known as ‘Obamacare’), the national uninsured rate has fallen from 17.3 per cent in 2013 to 11.7 per cent in the first half of 2015. While this is a substantial drop, even accounting for the states that did not expand Medicaid, the remaining double‐digit national rate, as well as higher rates in some states, indicates that a significant minority of Americans are not buying insurance. Researchers have identified a segment of the population with weak or uncertain preferences for health insurance. This article explores how such individuals are unevenly distributed across states and whether cultural preferences relating to time preference and risk aversion underlie the geographic distribution of the ‘persistently uninsured’. It concludes by reviewing the policy implications presented by the presence of numerous health insurance sceptics in certain jurisdictions.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Mutual Regulation between Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling and Y-Box–Binding Protein-1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 4 - Supplementary Figure 4. YB-1 down-regulates HER2 expression but HER2 down-regulation does not affect the MEK/ERK pathway - PDF file 196K, (A) LNCaP and PC-3 cells were transfected with 40 nmol/L of the indicated siRNA, and incubated for 72 h. Whole-cell extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis. (B) LNCaP and PC-3 cells were transfected with 40 nmol/L of the indicated siRNA and incubated for 72 h, and then quantitative RT-PCR was performed for HER2 and GAPDH. The target transcript expression was adjusted to GAPDH expression. Each target transcript expression level in cells transfected with control siRNA was defined as 1. Boxes, mean; bars, plus-minus s.d.; *P < 0.05. (C) LNCaP and PC-3 cells were transfected with 40 nmol/L of the indicated siRNA, incubated for 72 h, incubated with serum-free media for 24 h, and treated with 50 ng/mL of EGF for 30 min. Whole-cell extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis</p>
Identification of Time-Series Pattern Marker in Its Application to Mortality Analysis of Pneumonia Patients in Intensive Care Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are a significant source of big data used to track health variables over time. The analysis of EHR data can uncover medical markers or risk factors, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. We introduce a novel method for identifying markers with various temporal trend patterns, including monotonic and fluctuating trends, using machine learning models such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). By applying our method to pneumonia patients in the intensive care unit using the MIMIC-III dataset, we identified markers exhibiting both monotonic and fluctuating trends. Specifically, monotonic markers such as red cell distribution width, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, morphine sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, troponin T, albumin, and prothrombin time were more frequently observed in the mortality group compared to the recovery group throughout the 10-day period before discharge. Conversely, fluctuating trend markers such as dextrose in sterile water, polystyrene sulfonate, free calcium, and glucose were more frequently observed in the mortality group as the discharge date approached. Our study presents a method for detecting time-series pattern markers in EHR data that respond differently according to disease progression. These markers can contribute to monitoring disease progression and enable stage-specific treatment, thereby advancing precision medicine.
Dehydration of multilamellar fatty acid membranes: Towards a computational model of the stratum corneum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The level of hydration controls the cohesion between apposed lamellae of saturated free fatty acids found in the lipid matrix of stratum corneum, the outermost layer of mammalian skin. This multilamellar lipid matrix is highly impermeable to water and ions, so that the local hydration shell of its fatty acids may not always be in equilibrium with the acidity and relative humidity, which significantly change over a course of days during skin growth. The homeostasis of the stratum corneum at each moment of its growth likely requires a balance between two factors, which affect in opposite ways the diffusion of hydrophilic species through the stratum corneum: (i) an increase in water order as the lipid lamellae come in closer contact, and (ii) a decrease in water order as the fraction of charged fatty acids is lowered by pH. Herein molecular dynamics simulations are employed to estimate the impact of both effects on water molecules confined between lamellae of fatty acids. Under conditions where membrane undulations are energetically favorable, the charged fatty acids are able to sequester cations around points of contact between lamellae that are fully dehydrated, while essentially maintaining a multilamellar structure for the entire system. This observation suggests that the undulations of the fatty acid lamellae control the diffusion of hydrophilic species through the water phase by altering the positional and rotational order of water molecules in the embedded/occluded “droplets.”
[Asylum seekers: policy and some demographic aspects].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"The Dutch policy regarding asylum seekers requires a stay of a few months in special centres where they have to remain pending the result of the asylum request.... Taking into account that the huge inflow of asylum seekers in the special centres in 1994 (more than 45 thousand) will also have an impact on the number of immigrants in 1995, the number of immigrants who requested asylum can be estimated. In this article a simple method of short-term prediction is presented. Assuming that the outflow of asylum seekers to municipalities in 1995 will show the same pattern as in 1994 and that the total inflow of asylum seekers in the special centres will not surpass 30 thousand, a total of about 19 thousand asylum seekers will become immigrants in 1995." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Assessment of Aquatic invertebrates and Water Quality of River Katsina-Ala at Kwanta-Sule, Benue State, Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study focused on aquatic invertebrates and water quality of River Katsina-Ala at Kwata-Sule, Guma Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Samples were collected twice in a week for 4 weeks between October and November, 2017 using a 55 µm mesh plankton net. Water quality parameters were determined in-situ and ex-situ using standard procedures. A total of 144 specimens were identified during the study period. They were distributed among 6 classes: Cladocera (46%), Diptera (24%), Copepoda (13%), Ephemerophyta (10%), Arachnida (4%) and Protozoa (3%). The diversity indices were: Shannon-Weiner (2.286), Simpson (0.875) and Margalef (2.213). Mean values of physico-chemical parameters were; temperature (27.23±0.23 0C), dissolved oxygen (5.45±0.00 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (2.10±0.10 mg/L), pH (7.80±0.01), electrical conductivity (29.75±0.25 µScm-1), transparency (37.06±1.06 cm) and total hardness (0.11±0.00 mg/L). The river contained moderate abundance and varied aquatic invertebrates. The water quality parameters of the study area were favourable for aquatic life to thrive.
Differential Use of Experimental Habitat Patches by Foraging Peromyscus maniculatus on Dark and Bright Nights

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Differential Use of Experimental Habitat Patches by Foraging Peromyscus maniculatus on Dark and Bright Nights Get access Steven E. Travers, Steven E. Travers Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Donald W. Kaufman, Donald W. Kaufman Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Glennis A. Kaufman Glennis A. Kaufman Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 69, Issue 4, 29 November 1988, Pages 869–872, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381652 Published: 29 November 1988 Article history Received: 01 May 1987 Accepted: 07 July 1987 Published: 29 November 1988
Aims and Objectives of the Latin Program

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The function of all nonvocation‐al subjects in the curriculum, from kindergarten through college, is to improve the ability of the student to read, write, spell, and calculate. To do these well, he must also understand what he reads and be able to express what he understands. This requires a constantly increasing vocabulary. Although every subject studied makes a contribution to enlarging the vocabulary, Latin is especially useful. To get the greatest benefit from Latin, the student must learn to read and understand without translating, and there must be constant emphasis on derived English words. Only that part of the culture which is embodied in the language is worth the study of the language. Benefits accessory to the study of the language provide no valid reason for such study, since they can all be acquired by reading in English.
Outcomes Similar with BEV or CET Added to Induction CT for mCRC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is combination chemotherapy (CT) plus a monoclonal antibody (mAB). The Cetuximab and/or Bevacizumab Combined With Combination Chemo—therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [CALGB/SWOG 80405; NCT00265850] study examined whether a strategy that blocked endothelial growth factor receptors with the mAB cetuximab (CET) or blocked vascular endothelial growth factors with the mAB bevacizumab (BEV) provided a greater improvement in the effectiveness of CT.
Evaluation of The Degree of Remineralization of Subclinical Carious Lesions Using Chitosan and Conventional Remineralizing Agents (An in vitro Study)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Dental caries remains to be the most common oral disease, caused by the unbalance between demineralization effect of bacteria and remineralization process.In the early phase of caries, this balance can be restored and the demineralization effect reversed using an enhanced approach to remineralization.Objective: The aim of the study is directed to evaluate the degree of demineralization and remineralization in subclinical carious lesion using chitosan and conventional remineralizing agent.Materials and methods: A total number of 40 sound non-carious human anterior teeth were collected from oral surgery clinic, free of cracks and any developmental defects, were used in this study in age range (20-40) years old.Teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature until use.The teeth were divided into four main groups (10 teeth each).Results: In the present study specimens treated with chitosan after six months storage time (the best result) recorded the highest mean value of remineralization while fluoride record the lowest mean value of remineralization (the worst result) through the remineralizing agents chitosan, casein, and fluoride.The specimens subjected to Diagnodent fluorescent reading proved that for all remineralizing agents (chitosan, casein and fluoride) and also control group the remineralization to tooth structure was increased by increasing the storage time. Conclusion:Chitosan is considered a valuable biomimetic remineralizing agent.Mineral precipitation to tooth structures by using remineralizing agents is a continuous dynamic process.
Increased Trend of Adenovirus Activity After the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: Analysis of National Surveillance Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adenovirus detection rate is <10% throughout the year in South Korea; however, during the summer of 2023, it showed an unusual increase. We analyzed the adenovirus detection rate using data from the Korea Respiratory Integrated Surveillance System before and after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) collected from 2019 to week 36 of 2023. Before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, the mean detection rate was 8.2%, which decreased to 6.1% during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. In 2023, the mean detection rate was 14.3% in week 36 and the highest in week 34, at 42.2%, and adenovirus was predominantly detected in the summer. The detection rate by age group showed substantially high activity among 0-12-yr-olds after the pandemic. This age group had a steady mean rate of 9.5% during the pandemic, without seasonality. In 2023, the detection rate surged in the 0-6-yr and 7-12-yr age groups, peaking at 61.6% and 57.1%, respectively. The dominant epidemic serotypes were HAdV-1 and HAdV-2 during and HAdV-3 after the pandemic. The multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic considerably impacted the prevalence of common respiratory viruses and complicated respiratory virus patterns after the pandemic. Constant surveillance is crucial for epidemic preparedness to monitor the possible surge of certain respiratory viruses.
A Register for Patients with Learning Disabilities in General Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The shift of people with learning disabilities out of the large mental handicap hospitals mainly into residential homes in the community is now almost complete. This means that almost all people with learning disabilities are registered with general practitioners, both those discharged from long-stay institutions, and those who have always lived with their families in the community. This present paper reports on a study undertaken to assess the amount of disability and the workload by comparing the annual consultation rates of those recently discharged from long-stay institutions with those always in the community, and also against matched controls in a large fundholding practice. This was achieved by the practice learning disability register being imported from the local community learning disability team’s special needs register and checked against the local social education centre and special school records and then with the practice held records. Those whose records showed that they had been discharged from either hospital or specialist school within the last10 years of the study end (April 1996) were assigned as a past long-stay institution group; the remaining patients formed a second group, and both were compared with a matched control group. The study found that out of a total practice list of 14,410 patients, 57 were identified as patients with a known learning disability and constituted the register. They consulted 1.7 times as often and were prescribed 1.8 times as many repeat prescription drugs as matched control patients. However, of the57, the10 patients from long-stay institutions consulted4.9 times as often and took 4.9 times as many repeat prescription drugs as controls. The patients with learning disability who had always lived in the community consulted and took repeat prescription drugs at rates similar to controls. Making a detailed register of patients with learning disabilities highlights the multiple associated disabilities of this patient population and reveals an increase in consultation rate and central nervous system drug consumption. This is mainly due to patients who formerly lived in long-stay institutions and who were discharged to this practice. Similar changes are likely to have occurred in other primary health care teams.