jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents: Role of Puberty and Obesity on Vitamin D Status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among children and adolescents and can be affected by several factors such as puberty and obesity. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D status in children and adolescents and to analyse the influence of puberty and obesity on its level. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried-out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered from 384 healthy children and adolescents between May 2019 to May 2020. Results: 220 females and 164 males were enrolled (aged 7-16 years; mean ± SD: 11 ± 2.5). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 49% of the total cases and was significantly more prevalent in females than males (33.1% in female; 15.9% in male, P < .001). Mean vitamin D level was lower in obese children compared with non-obese ( P < .001). Non-obese group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D in Tanner stage IV of puberty than obese individuals (20.1 ± 17.0 vs 5.4 ± 2.0) ( P = .03). Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in females than males only in Tanner stage II (12.3 ± 9.0 vs 19.6 ± 16.6) ( P = .005). The lowest level of Vitamin D was in Tanner stage Ⅳ-Ⅴ in boys and in Tanner stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ in girls ( P < .001). Conclusion: Puberty is an additional risk factor for vitamin D deficiency especially in girls and obese children. This increased risk, together with the fact that most important time for building a proper skeleton is during childhood and adolescent, makes it essential to monitor vitamin D in these age groups.
AIM-HIGH: Niacin Provides No Added Benefit for Statin Users with Well-Controlled LDL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Add-on therapy with high-dose extended-release niacin provides no additional reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with dyslipidemia and a history of cardiovascular disease who are treated to target low-density lipoprotein levels with a statin, according to findings from a randomized trial.
Reconsidering the rise in A-Level Mathematics participation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is growing support for making the study of mathematics to age 18 compulsory for all young people in England. This paper aims to inform this debate through new insights into historic A-level Mathematics participation trends. We analyse full-year cohorts from the Department for Education’s National Pupil Database for age-16 students from 2004-2010, a total of just over 4.5 million young people. Using a cohort-tracking approach we aim to better understand the flow of young people through upper secondary mathematics education. Earlier work identified GCSE attainment as the strongest predictor of A-Level Mathematics participation. In this paper we show that the percentage of students progressing to A-Level by GCSE grade has not changed significantly over the period in question, with some exceptions. This implies that the increase in A-level Mathematics numbers is largely explained by the growing proportion of higher GCSE grades. We discuss the implications for policy that this raises, e.g. the possible impact of making GCSE mathematics more demanding.
Adhesion and Stability of Blood Cells onto Polymer Substrates: Effect of Glow Discharge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The adhesion of platelets, red blood cells, and lymphocytes onto various polymer substrates, hydrophobic to hydrophilic in nature, has been studied. Cell adhesion is found to be higher on hydrophilic substrates. The stability of these adhered cells has also been studied under a flow rate of 20 ml/min. Further the effect of glow discharge treatment onto various substrates is investigated. It seems the stability is more on glow discharge treated substrates due to increased surface free energy.
The Effect of Return Perception, Motivation, Financial Literacy, and Income on Investment Interest of Students at State University of Jakarta

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT MELATI WIDIANTIKA, 2021; The Effect of Return Perception, Motivation, Financial Literacy and Income on Investment Interest of Bachelor Degree Students, Class of 2016 and 2017 at State University of Jakarta, 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of financial literacy, motivation, return perception, and income on investment interest in FE UNJ students, to analyze financial literacy, motivation, perceived return, and income on investment interest in 2016 and 2017 undergraduate students in FE UNJ. The research model used in this study uses descriptive analysis. This research was conducted on 754 students registered as active on bachelor degree students, class of 2016 and 2017 in FE UNJ Study Program, using probability sampling techniques. The data collection technique used a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 261 respondents. The results of SPSS show that there is a significant influence on the perception of return, motivation, financial literacy, and income on investment interest. The results of SPSS showed a significant influence of motivation on investment interest, but on the other hand, the result showing that insignificant between return perception, financial literacy, and income on investment interest. The implications of this research are practical implications and theoretical implications. Practical implications regarding investment interest research are expected to help students, lecturers, faculties, and universities, in providing investment information, providing easy access to information and communication through cooperative relationships between faculty and securities companies, stock exchanges, and interested parties. and similar activities. The theoretical implication of the results of this study is to provide information in the development of knowledge in the fields of financial management, monetary economics, financial literacy, and sharia investment management. Keywords: return perception, motivation, financial literacy, income, investment interest, FE UNJ bachelor degree students.
The IrgA Homologue Adhesin Iha Is an Escherichia coli Virulence Factor in Murine Urinary Tract Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The role of the Escherichia coli iron-regulated gene homologue adhesin (Iha) in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is unknown. We performed a series of complementary analyses to confirm or refute the hypothesis that Iha is a virulence factor in uropathogenic E. coli . Fecal E. coli isolates exhibited significantly lower prevalences of iha (range, 14 to 22%) than did clinical isolates from cases of pediatric cystitis or pyelonephritis, adult pyelonephritis or urosepsis, or bacteremia (range, 38 to 74%). Recombinant Iha from E. coli pyelonephritis isolate CFT073 conferred upon nonadherent E. coli ORN172 the ability to adhere to cultured T-24 human uroepithelial cells. In a well-established mouse model of ascending UTI, CFT073 and its derivative UPEC76 (a pap [P fimbriae] mutant version of strain CFT073) each significantly outcompeted their respective iha deletion mutants in CBA/J mice 48 h after bladder challenge ( P < 0.03 for urine, both kidneys, and bladders of both constructs, except for bladders of mice challenged with UPEC76 and its deletion mutant, where P = 0.11). These data suggest that Iha CFT073 is a virulence factor and might be a target for anti-UTI interventions.
'Confucius, the Value of Benevolence and What's in it for Humanity?'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Here, in this paper, the practitioner-academician examines Confucius' value of benevolence (ren) and its ways and applications of such value as well as examining the relevance, the benefits and what's in store for humanity when such a value is practiced to full extent. The ways and applications of such value, just to name a few, include setting one's heart on benevolence (ren), valuing people and respecting talents and empowering. Though some may criticize as being utopian or idealistic, such a value when put to practice can really mean doing a lot of goodness by every one and every business to others, and thus making the world a better place to live.
Formation of submicron conical morphology of the surface of nanometer-thick films of the Al–Fe alloy under various conditions of ion-assisted deposition on glass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The morphology, topography and wetting with distilled water of Al–1.5 at. % Fe alloy films with a thickness 25–90 nm, formed on glass by ion-assisted deposition using a resonance ion source of vacuum electric arc plasma, have been studied. Using scanning probe microscopy, it is shown that, depending on the mode and the time of deposition, the modification of films is accompanied by changes in longitudinal and transverse roughness parameters, as well as parameters – dimensionless complexes, the measurement of which makes it possible to quantitatively describe the processes of coning in the Al–Fe alloy/glass system. Thus, the arithmetic mean roughness of the films increases with deposition time in the range 20–40 nm. Under self-irradiation conditions, a transition from island-like film growth to layer-by-layer film growth was detected. The influence of the substrate topography on the longitudinal step parameters of the film topography has been established. The size and surface density of the microdroplet fraction particles are studied by scanning electron microscopy. The frequency distributions of the microdroplet fraction by size are satisfactorily approximated by the lognormal distribution. It is found that in the mode of irradiation with intrinsic ions, 60–70% of the microparticles have a size of up to 0.8 μm. For the first time, a double Gaussian function was used to approximate the distribution histograms of local maxima and minima of the film relief, which made it possible to increase the accuracy of the description compared to the normal law. The effectiveness of this approach in analyzing the structure formation of nanometer films at various stages of growth has been demonstrated. Using the bi-Gaussian surface model, the role of topographic characteristics in controlling the wetting of modified coatings is revealed. The mechanism of heterogeneous wetting of hydrophilic films in the Cassie mode with contact angles ranging 50°–80° is discussed. It is found that in the potential mode, with an increase in the deposition duration to 10 h, the distribution of the film relief is close to the normal law, and the formation of a developed submicron conical morphology on the surface leads to blended wetting.
Optimisation of Small-Scale Ambulance Move-up

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a multi-time scale Markov Decision Process (T-MDP) model for relocating a small fleet of ambulances to better respond to emergency calls. A set of temporally abstract states are used to approximate the intractable state space in the real world. A T-stage look-ahead scheme is developed to approximate the temporally accrued rewards and discounted probabilities for the T-MDP. An example is given to compare its performance with five other ambulance locating models.
Protective Effects of BCAA on Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells in Culture

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To investigate the effects of BCAA on skeletal muscle cells and its mechanism, the injury model induced by dexamethasone was established. The results showed that BCAA could significantly enhance Ca2 + concentration and increase the livability of the rat skeletal muscle cells. The results suggested that the acceleration proliferation maybe greater than inhibition lysis of BCAA on skeletal muscle cells.
Stochastic models for objects and images in oncology and virology: application to PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and COVID-19 disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: The goal of this research is to develop innovative methods of acquiring simultaneous multidimensional molecular images of several different physiological random processes (PRPs) that might all be active in a particular disease such as COVID-19. Approach: Our study is part of an ongoing effort at the University of Arizona to derive biologically accurate yet mathematically tractable models of the objects of interest in molecular imaging and of the images they produce. In both cases, the models are fully stochastic, in the sense that they provide ways to estimate any estimable property of the object or image. The mathematical tool we use for images is the characteristic function, which can be calculated if the multivariate probability density function for the image data is known. For objects, which are functions of continuous variables rather than discrete pixels or voxels, the characteristic function becomes infinite dimensional, and we refer to it as the characteristic functional. Results: Several innovative mathematical results are derived, in particular for simultaneous imaging of multiple PRPs. Then the application of these methods to cancers that disrupt the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and to COVID-19 are discussed qualitatively. One reason for choosing these two problems is that they both involve lipid rafts. Conclusions: We found that it was necessary to employ a new algorithm for energy estimation to do simultaneous single-photon emission computerized tomography imaging of a large number of different tracers. With this caveat, however, we expect to be able to acquire and analyze an unprecedented amount of molecular imaging data for an individual COVID patient.
Union Rivalry and Economic Growth: A Differential Game Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Two decades ago Sen (1961, 1967) demonstrated how private saving versus consumption decisions are fundamentally different from collective decisions and how individual decisions may result in an insufficient amount of investments for the future. His analyses were essentially applications of the prisoner's dilemma. Assuming that, given the decisions of others, each individual would be better off by not saving an additional unit whereas all would be better off by saving collectively, it follows that no one will save although everyone would have preferred one more unit of saving by each individual. Because of the external effects between individuals' decisions and the lack of influence on others' actions, nobody wants to invest himself, although each individual would like to see others invest, i.e., all try to shift the burden of saving onto others. A very similar result was obtained a decade ago by Lancaster (1973) in a fully dynamic context by applying nonzero-sum differential game theory to the modelling of growth and distribution in a two-class economy. He demonstrated that the separation of saving and investment decisions leads to a Pareto-inferior outcome in a model where workers can control their share of consumption in total output, but have no influence on the investment decision, which is in the hands of capitalists and where both classes devise their strategies so as to maximize their own consumption over a fixed horizon. The fundamental fact here is that workers and capitalists have to act under a dynamic externality. One group's decision to save or invest for the future is affected by the fact that the accumulated amount may be consumed by the other group. This paper was written to illustrate how dynamic inefficiency may also result from the feature of present-day societies whereby the working class is not a single decision-making unit but has organized itself in a number of trade unions which have to operate under the above-mentioned dynamic externality. It is shown that the welfare loss which results from the isolation
Cucurbita moschata 13610

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cucurbita moschata
Common name(s): Ayote, Squash
Conserved by: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica
Local sample unique identifier: 13610
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1982-07-10
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Reduction in the cumulative incidence rate of cervical cancer by one life time selective screening.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mass scale cervical cytology which is the most accepted strategy for the control of cervical cancer cannot be undertaken in developing countries in view of paucity of resources, hence a need arises to examine alternate strategy. The present exercise attempts to study the reduction in cumulative incidence rate of cervical cancer by one life time selective screening. The results revealed that cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of cervical cancer per 100,000 in cohort of women during the age of 20 to 64 years was found to be 2555.0 in the absence of screening. One life time selective screening at the age of 40 and 45 years showed the reduction of 11.6 and 17.2% in CIR respectively where as respective estimates in case of complete screening at mentioned age groups were found to be 21.5% and 25%. In order to further conserve the resources the strategy seems to be optimum for developing countries.
Inoculation of mycelial cord‐forming basidiomycetes into woodland soil and litter I. Initial establishment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Almost 1000 wood blocks, 8 cm 3 , of beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), colonized by the mycelial cord‐forming basidiomycetes Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds. ex Fr.) Kummer., Phallus impudius (L.) Pers., Phanerochaete (Ph.) laevis (Fr.) Erikss & Ryv., Ph. Velutina (DC ex Pers.) Parmasto, Steccherimum fimbriatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Erikss. and Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers. ex Fr.) Sing, were placed at the soil‐litter interface in five different woodland sites. All species except T. platyphylla grew out radially from the blocks to form a network of mycelial cords ramifying amongst the litter and upper soil horizons. Initial outgrowth was more strongly related to microclimatic factors than to availability of nutrient resources, and after 3 months significantly greater (P<S 0.05) mean radial extension had occurred from blocks implanted during spring than from those implanted in winter or mid‐autumn, Systems of H. fasciculare and Ph. Velutina were always of significantly greater (P<0.05) radius than those of the ther species after 3 and 6 months.
Umbilical Cord Blood Use for Admission Blood Tests of VLBW Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Control Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Umbilical cord blood (UCB) for admission laboratories is an approach to decrease anemia risk in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. We hypothesized that UCB use results in higher hemoglobin concentration [HgB] around 24 hours of life. Study Design A randomized control trial among VLBW infants whose admission laboratories were drawn from UCB (n = 39) or the infant (n = 41) in three U.S. military NICUs (clinicaltrials.gov#NCT02103296). Results No demographic differences were observed between groups. UCB infants had higher [HgB] at 12 to 24 hours of life (15.5 vs. 14.0 g/dL, p = 0.02). The median time to first transfusion was 17 days longer in the experimental group (p = 0.04), and at discharge, their number of donor exposures was lower (1.1 vs. 1.8, p = 0.04). Conclusion In the first 24 hours of life that is a period of higher risk for hemodynamic instability, UCB utilization for admission bloodwork in VLBW infants results in higher [HgB]. Key Points
[Colonic pouch].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The tendency towards sphincter-preserving resection for distal rectal cancers has led to a revival of the technique of coloanal anastomosis (CAA) in recent years. In order to improve functional results, creation of a colonic J-pouch in conjunction with a coloanal anastomosis (CPA) was proposed. Two different operation techniques exist: i) Double-stapling with the anastomosis close to the dentate line and ii) intersphincteric resection with the anastomosis located immediately at the dentate line. A long rectal remnant after double-stapling leads to urgency in 15% of the patients due to stool retention in the atonic remnant. No propulsive motility patterns were recorded from the pouch which is emptied passively by upper colonic peristalsis. Therefore colonic pouches should be fashioned of descending colon and should not exceed a length of 6 cm in order to prevent stool fragmentation. Under these conditions the average stool frequency is reduced from 2-6/d after CAA to 1-3/d after CPA. This effect is maximal during the first postoperative months, but is still significant after 3 years. Colonic pouch construction also leads, due to better blood supply and prevention of pelvic hematomas, to a significant decrease of the anastomotic insufficiency rate from 10.0% after CAA to 5.4% after CPA. Therefore creation of a colonic J-pouch should be combined with coloanal reconstruction if the oncologic situation allows a sphincter-preserving procedure.
Studies on Diapauses of Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin) by RAPD

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phylogenetic relationship of ten kinds of status that are of different diapause characters in the wheat blossom midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin) was studied by using RAPD technique.The genomic DNA of ten samples was amplified with 44 random primers.Only six primers(S1,S50,S81,S83,S1031,S1248) could produce clear fragments and obtained a total number of 81 fragments in nine samples amplified.Molecular size of the fragments ranges from 200bp-2000bp.The phylogenetic relationship was inferred by using UPGMA based on RAPD makers.The results showed that the genetic relationship of the non-cocooned larva is similar but it is complex of the cocooned larva.
Clinical features and zygosity diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia in indentical twins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 研究孪生子患单纯型遗传性痉挛性截瘫(HSP)的临床特征与卵型鉴定.方法 对一对患单纯型HSP孪生兄弟的临床特点和症状进行分析并跟踪随访,同时作孪生子卵型鉴定.结果 (1)孪生子均缓慢起病,步态不稳,下肢笨拙,上下楼困难,逐渐发展为双下肢痉挛性不完全性截瘫;(2)下肢肌张力增高,肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射亢进,髌、踝阵挛阳性,Babinski征阳性,屈性病理反射阳性;(3)16个STR位点的等位基因均相同,提示为同卵双生.结论 孪生子同患单纯型HSP的临床特点与一般HSP无异,作16个STR位点的PCR可快速、准确地鉴定孪生子的卵型。
Factors influencing incidence and extension of metachronous liver metastases of colorectal adenocarcinoma. A multivariate analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study confirms the reliability of some indicators of primary tumor in influencing incidence, but not extension, of metachronous liver metastases and this is the main problem when it comes to using prognostic factors in order to modulate the intervals of postoperative follow-up according to risk category.
The Fear of Femininity: How Men's Motivation to Maintain Manhood Status Influences Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this dissertation, I find that men's motivation to maintain manhood status explains why working with an openly gay opponent can increase performance. Study 1 finds that the prospect of competing against a gay male opponent causes men to be more implicitly aware of their masculinity. Study 2 demonstrates that men's motivation to reaffirm their manhood status actually increase performance on a masculine-typed task when the opponent is openly gay rather than openly straight. Finally, Study 3 finds that when the task is feminine-typed and thus performing better than a gay opponent would be threatening, men who compete against an openly gay opponent perform worse than men who compete against an openly straight opponent. Thus, it is men's concern about maintaining manhood status that influences performance when competing against an openly gay opponent.