jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computing Self-Efficacy in Undergraduate Students: A Multi-Institutional and Intersectional Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computing self-efficacy is an important factor in shaping students' motivation, performance, and persistence in computer science (CS) courses. Therefore, investigating computing self-efficacy may help to improve the persistence of students from historically underrepresented groups in computing. Previous research has shown that computing self-efficacy is positively correlated with prior computing experience, but negatively correlated with some demographic identities (e.g., identifying as a woman). However, existing research has not demonstrated these patterns on a large scale while controlling for confounding variables and institutional context. In addition, there is a need to study the experiences of students with multiple marginalized identities through the lens of intersectionality. Our goal is to investigate the relationship between students' computing self-efficacy and their prior experience in computing, demographic identities, and institutional policies. We conduct this investigation using a large, recent, and multi-institutional dataset with survey responses from 31,425 students. Our findings confirm that more computing experience positively predicts computing self-efficacy. However, identifying as Asian, Black, Native, Hispanic, non-binary, and/or a woman were statistically significantly associated with lower computing self-efficacy. The results of our work point to several future avenues for self-efficacy research in computing.
Development of a methodology for the formation of surface systems with programmable nanostructure parameters for effective use in modern manufacturing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the development and application of nanostructured surface systems for a wide range of applications. By programming the parameters of the CAA-PVD (Controled Accelerated Arc-PVD) Deposition process, it becomes possible to effectively control the performance properties of surface modifying systems and products with such systems. Modification of the surface properties of products such as cutting tools, friction pairs and medical implants provides an optimal combination of properties such as surface hardness and plasticity, high adhesion to the substrate and low adhesion to the counterbody material. The strict determinism of the process parameters allows it to be included in the automatic control system of modern manufacturing with significant energy savings and a high level of environmental safety.
Effect of Lemon, Mustard and Garlic Treatments on the Quality of Smoked Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) During Storage Period

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of lemon, mustard and garlic treatments on smoked hilsa during storage condition were analyzed. Hilsa fish
was smoked, using a smoking kiln at 60°C to 70°C for 12 hours and stored in a polythene bag for further use. The proximate
compositions of the smoked hilsa were determined in different storage period. The percentage of moisture (39.42 ± 4.87 to 56.74
± 3.09), protein (31.01 ± 2.64 to 20.06 ± 9.87), lipid (16.12 ± 4.89 to 12.47 ± 3.09), ash (3.09 ± 0.27 to 4.19 ± 0.91), salt (5.27 ±
0.32 to 1.02 ± 0.82) and pH (6.16 ± 0.12 to 6.84 ± 0.18) value were found from smoked hilsa during storage condition. Smoking
of hilsa showed high amount of protein value by the reduction of moisture. However, results of the study could be useful to fish
consumers, processors and nutritionists to select their nutritional diet.
Inhibition of Cyclophoshamide-Induced Mutagenicity by Microsized Powder of Selenium-Enriched Green Tea in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previously, the antioxidant activity of Se-enriched green tea extracts has been studied in vitro. In the present study, an in vivo micronuclei test was employed to assess the antimutagenic effect of microsized Se-enriched green tea powder (MSTP) in mice bone marrow. Pretreatments of MSTP, micrometer-sized regular tea powder (MRTP), selenite, and MRTP + selenite were given by gavage for 29 consecutive days prior to cyclophoshamide (CP) treatment. Certain key antioxidant enzymes were also investigated to elucidate the mechanism of antimutagenic effect. Results indicated that MSTP and MRTP or selenite alone did not significantly induce micronuclei at either concentration, confirming its nonmutagenicity. In the CP-treated groups, significant suppressions in the micronuclei were recorded following pretreatment with MSTP, MRTP, and selenite administration. The antimutagenic effect of MSTP was evidently observed by significant reduction in the frequencies of micronuclei in bone marrow cells when compared to a positive control group. The administration of MSTP, selenite, and MRTP + selenite also increased the levels of selenium concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes in both blood and liver. However, no pronounced differences in activities of GPx and SOD were found among MSTP, selenite, and MRTP + selenite. The present findings demonstrate that the antimutagenic potential of MSTP could not be solely related to the enhancment of antioxidant enzymes of GPx and SOD.
Immunohistochemical detection of EGFRvIII and prognostic significance in patients with malignant glioma enrolled in NCCTG clinical trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1508 Background: Egf receptor variant III (vIII) is an aberrant tyrosine kinase that lacks a substantial portion of full length Egf receptor's extracellular domain, and has been suggested as being exclusively expressed in human glioblastoma. Little is known, however, with regard to the prognostic significance vIII expression in glioblastoma. Methods: To assess associations between vIII expression and malignant glioma classification, as well to asses its prognostic significance, tumor tissues were collected from malignant glioma patients enrolled in 10 prospective clinical trials, and these were examined for vIII expression by immunohistochemistry. Of the 168 evaluable specimens, 63 were classified as being of grade III malignancy (56 anaplastic astrocytomas and 7 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas), and 105 as grade IV tumors (glioblastoma multiforme), based on WHO criteria. All patients received radiation therapy and nitrosourea-based adjuvant chemotherapy without any difference in outcome related to treatment. Results: Incidence of vIII expression and associations with malignancy grade are as indicated in the table below. vIII expression was determined as being significantly associated with reduced survival in grade III tumors (0.0016), but not in patients with GBM (0.84). Patient age and performance status were determined as significant prognostic indicators for each group of tumors. Conclusions: Since the average survival of vIII-positive anaplastic glioma patients was only 7.2 months, as compared with 33.0 months for their vIII-negative counterparts, our results support vIII IHC as being a useful test for identifying anaplastic gliomas whose clinical behavior is consistent with that of GBM. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck Merck
The Effect of Social Support on Maternal Functional Status and Postpartum Depression Risk in COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Coronavirus infection has also negatively affected women during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum periods. In the postpartum period, mothers need social support from their environment. Existing studies show that women did not receive sufficient social support in the postpartum period before the pandemic, and their expectations were not met. Methods A correlational and descriptive study was conducted by online interviews with 384 mothers who gave birth in a university between March 2021 and December 2021. In data analysis, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni, Pearson correlation, simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results The mothers’ 92.3% needed help with baby care, and 22.1% received support from their husbands during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from their husbands, their mothers assisted 44.5% of women, and 39.6% could not find any assistance. It was found that 82.3% of the women had a high Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score. The mean total score of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale was 30.92 ± 9.22 and the Barkin Maternal Functioning Scale was 62.22 ± 10.91. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that mothers were in the risky group in terms of postpartum depression, received inadequate social support, and had good maternal functional status. However, their maternal functional status decreased compared to before the pandemic. The social support was found to be effective in reducing the risk of postpartum depression and increasing maternal functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was determined that the risk of postpartum depression decreased as maternal functional status increased.
Monitoring Rotator Cuff Muscle Fatty Infiltration Progression by Magnetic Resonance Imaging T1 Mapping: Correlation With Direct Evaluation Findings in Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Monitoring the fatty infiltration (FI) process in rotator cuff muscles is of value in establishing a treatment plan and predicting the postoperative prognosis. Quantitative T1 mapping shows promise for evaluating muscle degeneration, while its validity in monitoring rotator cuff muscle FI progression needs further investigation. Purpose: To determine the validity of T1 mapping in monitoring FI progression of rotator cuff muscles. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 108) underwent left supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS) tenotomy only (TT), suprascapular nerve transection only (NT), or SS and IS tenotomy plus suprascapular nerve transection (TT+NT). Sham surgery on the right shoulder served as the control. The magnetic resonance imaging examination included T1 mapping performed at 12, 16, and 20 weeks postoperation. SS and IS muscles were harvested to quantitatively evaluate FI via direct evaluation (triglyceride quantification assay and histological analysis) at the same predetermined intervals. The correlation of the imaging data with direct evaluation of rotator cuff muscles was analyzed. Results: T1 values were significantly lower in left SS and IS muscles at 12, 16, and 20 weeks postoperation as compared with those on the right side. T1 values of the left SS and IS muscles were continuously decreased in all groups. The TT+NT group had a greater decrease in T1 value than did the TT and NT groups. Triglyceride quantification assay and histological analysis demonstrated significant and progressive FI of the left SS and IS muscles in the 3 groups. The most serious FI changes were observed in the TT+NT group. T1 values were also well correlated with triglyceride contents and area fractions of fat. Conclusion: T1 mapping can be an effective imaging modality for sensitive and quantitative monitoring of FI progression in rotator cuff muscles. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study provide a tool for researchers to noninvasively and quantitatively monitor the process of muscle degeneration, contributing to the evaluation of surgical indication and postoperative prognosis.
Influence of Phosphorus and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The field study took place in kharif 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). to determine the “Effect of Phosphorus and Bio -fertilizer on growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L).” The results revealed that treatment -9 [Phosphorus -50 kg/ha + Rhizobium +PSB] significantly increased plant height (45.69 cm), number of nodules/ plant (38.15), plant dry weight (6.64 g), Crop growth rate (2.99 g/m2/day), number of pods/plant (40.8), maximum number of seeds/pod(6.23), test weight (34.75 gm), seed yield (1371 kg/ha), stover yield (2980 kg/ha), gross return (INR 89,290.00/ha), and net return (INR 60,797.00/ha). also, the maximum B:C ratio (2.13) was taken captive in treatment-9[ phosphorous 50 kg/ha + Rhizobium + PSB] in comparison to different treatments.
1-year results of intravitreal aflibercept treatment for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of: Brown DM, Heier JS, Clark WL et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 1-year results from the Phase III COPERNICUS study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 155(3), 429–437 (2013).Macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion is a significant cause of vision loss that had been untreatable until the recent introduction of intraocular triamcinolone injections, dexamethasone inserts and the newly developed VEGF-binding drugs, such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab. The VEGF-binding fusion molecule aflibercept recently completed the Phase III registration trials COPERNICUS (1-year results) and GALILEO (6-month results). Most patients (55.3%) receiving monthly injections of aflibercept in the COPERNICUS trial improved by at least 15 letters of vision at 52 weeks, and they outgained those in the original sham group by an average of 12.4 letters. Based on the results from these trials, aflibercept received US FDA approval for the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion-associated macular edema.
Development of healthier gummy candy by substituting glucose syrup with various fruit juice concentrates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various formulations of fruit juice concentrates (pomegranate, grape, and sour cherry) on the pH, water activity, density, color, texture, and microstructure characteristics of candies instead of glucose syrup. The experimental points of the study were examined by a D‐optimal mixture design to optimize the concentration of fruits used in the formulation and achieve excellent physicochemical characteristics. Fruit juice concentrates, either singly or in combination, were used as a complete substitute for glucose syrup in the formulation. Total fruit juice concentration used in the formulation was 54.07% and each of the fruit juice concentrations changed between 0 and 54.07% in the formulation. By combining these three fruit juices, 14 gummy candy samples were produced, depending on the Special cubic, cubic, and quadratic models that were used for the effects on the physicochemical properties (pH, water activity, density, L *, a *, b *, and chroma), and the texture profile analysis (TPA) (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience) parameters according to independent variables. Results showed that pH, water activity, and density values of the gummy candy samples were found to be in the range of 2.22–3.08, 0.46–0.52, and 1.10–1.53 g/mL, respectively, and were significantly affected by different fruit juice concentrates ( p < .05). The texture profile analysis showed that except for springiness, fruit juice concentrations significantly affected the texture profile ( p < .05). The texture values, such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and resilience of the gummy candy samples, were determined as 146.1–938.8 N, 0.63–0.99, 0.75–1.19, 136.02–947.94 g, and 0.12–0.51, respectively. In addition, various fruit juice concentrates significantly affected the color parameters of gummy candies, and using pomegranate juice and sour cherry concentrates increased the + a * value of the gummy candies. Therefore, fruit juice‐based gummy candies can be developed as value‐added gummy candies by using fruit juice concentrates.
LingoClip-Mediated Listening Learning in the Classroom: Senior High School Students’ Experiences and Views

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the experiences and perceptions of senior high school students using the LingoClip app as a tool for learning listening comprehension skills in the classroom. Despite the recognized importance of listening in language acquisition, many students struggle with traditional methods of listening practice, often finding them disengaging and difficult. The purpose of this research is to investigate how LingoClip, a gamified language learning app, impacts students' listening comprehension skills and how it compares to traditional teaching methods. A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving interviews and reflective journals from a sample of senior high school students. The findings reveal that students generally have positive experiences with LingoClip, appreciating its interactive and enjoyable nature, which helps sustain their motivation and engagement. Additionally, students perceive LingoClip as more useful than traditional methods, as it allows for personalized learning experiences and caters to different learning styles. However, some students noted challenges such as frequent ad interruptions, which can detract from the learning experience. The contribution of this study lies in its demonstration of the potential for digital tools like LingoClip to enhance the listening learning process in educational settings. The findings suggest that integrating such tools into the curriculum can provide a more engaging alternative to conventional listening exercises, potentially leading to better language learning outcomes.
Effect of Palmito cheese processing on sensory characteristics and degree of liking

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. The production of regional food with local and cultural identity has become an attractive business for small-scale producers because it allows them to market their products highlighting local ingredients and traditional processing that reflects the know-how of each region. One example is Pasta filata cheese. Objective. To identify sensory characteristics and level of liking for Costa Rican Pasta filata cheeses (Palmito cheese). Materials and methods. The project was carried out at the facilities of the University of Costa Rica, during 2015. Nineteen samples of Costa Rican Palmito cheese were used, with fourteen of them being produced by artisanal producers and five by industrial producers. The methodology of Generic Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was followed, with ten trained judges defining twenty-one attributes. Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted to relate the samples to their attributes. Acceptance testing was performed with one hundred consumers. Consumer AHC and external preference mapping were applied to correlate the results of the liking with those of the QDA. Results. Significant differences (p<0,05) among samples were obtained in the QDA for all attributes. The samples were grouped into three clusters based on similarity attributes. The PCA showed one group, primarily consisting of traditional cheeses, clustered by attributes such as acid and salty flavor, firmness, moisture, and stringy appearance. Another group, corresponding to refrigerated, pasteurized, and unpasteurized cheeses, had a higher intensity of yellow color, greasy texture, softness, and less stringy appearance. A final group, composed of one sample, had a lettuce flavor. Conclusion. Through the external preference mapping, it was concluded that consumers like the majority of industrial Palmito cheeses, but they prefer traditional ones with characteristics such as stringy and creamy flavor.
Herglotz representation for operator-valued function on a set associated with test functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Herglotz representation theorem for holomorphic functions with non-negative real part is a fundamental result in the theory of holomorphic functions. In this paper, we reinterpret the Herglotz representation in the context of modern techniques, specifically realization formula. This reinterpretation is then extended to operator-valued functions on arbitrary sets, in association with a collection of test functions.
Single‐Trajectory Multiple‐Target Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinsonian Mobility and Cognition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is an emerging target to potentially treat cognitive dysfunction. Objectives The aim of this study is to achieve feasibility and safety of globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and NBM DBS in advanced PD with cognitive impairment. Methods We performed a phase‐II double‐blind crossover pilot trial in six participants to assess safety and cognitive measures, the acute effect of NBM stimulation on attention, motor and neuropsychological data at one year, and neuroimaging biomarkers of NBM stimulation. Results NBM DBS was well tolerated but did not improve cognition. GPi DBS improved dyskinesia and motor fluctuations ( P = 0.04) at one year. NBM stimulation was associated with reduced right frontal and parietal glucose metabolism ( P < 0.01) and increased low‐ and high‐frequency power and functional connectivity. Volume of tissue activated in the left NBM was associated with stable cognition ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Simultaneous GPi and NBM stimulation is safe and improves motor complications. NBM stimulation altered neuroimaging biomarkers but without lasting cognitive improvement. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
ROLE OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN FOLLICULAR RESPONSES TO LUTEINIZING HORMONE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Levels of prostaglandins of the F series have been found to increase several-fold during the pre-ovulatory period in follicles of rabbits, rats, and swine, reaching maximal levels shortly before ovulation.In rabbits and rats, the increase can be induced by exogenous luteinizing hor- mone (LH).The increase in rats is preceded by increases in ovarian levels of cyclic AMP and progesterone.Systemic administration of indomethacin prevented the increase of ovarian prostaglandin F and blocked ovulation in rabbits and rats.Intrafollicular injection of indomethacin, in rabbits, at dosages which were ineffective when given via systemic injection, blocked the elevation of follicular prostaglandins and ovulation.Prostaglandin F2! antiserum also blocked LH-induced ovulation when injected intrafollicularly.Intrafollicular injection of prostaglandin F 2« , in rabbits in the absence of LH resulted in release of ova from 40 p. ioo of injected follicles, and in resump- tion of meiotic division of obcytes in go p. 100 of injected follicles.Prostaglandin E 2 was much less effective.These results provide evidence in support of a physiologic role of follicular prostaglandin F 2 0c in the process of ovulation and oocyte maturation in response to LH.