jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Residual level of dimethachlon in rice‐paddy field system and cooked rice determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method coupled with gas chromatography with electron capture detection was established to determine dimethachlon residues in paddy soil, rice husk, rice straw, brown rice and cooked rice. The limits of quantification of dimethachlon were 0.01 mg/kg for paddy soil, brown rice and cooked rice and 0.02 mg/kg for rice straw and rice husk. The mean recoveries were in the range 78.59–104.7% with relative standard deviation values of <10% for dimethachlon in the five matrices. For field experiments, the final residues of dimethachlon in paddy soil were < 0.05 mg/kg and were < 1.21 mg/kg in rice straw from six sites. The final residues of dimethachlon in the brown rice at 21, 28 and 35 days after spraying from six sites were 0.08–7.58 mg/kg, and 0.16–30.1 mg/kg in rice husk. Our six test sites covered the main rice–producing areas of China. The routine rice cooking process of a Chinese family could apparently increase the removal of dimethachlon in rice compared with brown rice, and the reduction ratios were > 96%.
D. N. Gellner, Monk, Householder, and Tantric Priest. Newar Buddhism and its Hierarchy of Ritual

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Toffin Gérard. D. N. Gellner, Monk, Householder, and Tantric Priest. Newar Buddhism and its Hierarchy of Ritual. In: L'Homme, 1996, tome 36 n°139. pp. 179-180.
Assessing the Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Potential Tolerance of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) while Monitoring the Population Dynamics of the Associated Rhizobia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microbially-assisted phytoremediation (MAP) is increasingly recognized as the feasible alternative for removing hazardous heavy metals (HMs) from contaminated environments. However, the dynamics of rhizobial-plant interactions during phytoremediation remain unclear. This study investigated the toxicity of some selected heavy metals (Cobalt, Nickel, and Manganese), the potential tolerance of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in the HMs-rich effluents, and the population dynamics of the associated Rhizobia within the Katsina metropolis. After 80 samples of P. vulgaris collected from Lambun Sarki garden were exposed to 10 mL of 0.5- 2g/L of Ni and Co and 5-20 g/L Mn, respectively, in mesocosms, and the plants treated with 10 mL HMs solutions daily. After three weeks treatment and then Indices of HMs toxicity on seeds and plants (4 and 3, respectively) were monitored in all the treatments. Weekly rhizobial counts on Congo Red Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (CRYEMA) were taken to monitor rhizobial population dynamics. Pure isolates obtained after three iterations were identified biochemically. One-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analyses using AnalyStat (version 1.6.50). Generally, Ni exerts the highest toxicity, with Mn having less toxicity. Average rhizobial counts increased weekly, with high counts obtained in Ni and Mn treatments. However, they did not differ significantly between weeks (p = 0.061). Thus, longer time intervals (>2 weeks) are required to observe significant shifts in population dynamics. Moreover, HMs concentration did not affect the colony counts (p = 1.00). Metabolism profile of the preliminarily identified Rhizobium sp. and Sinorrhizobium melliloti evidenced HMs removal and plant growth promotion ability. The research demonstrated the phytoremediation ability of P. vulgaris and how rhizospheric population dynamics change during phytoremediation and contributed towards understanding HMs impact as environmental stressors on rhizospheric plant-microbe interactions. Future research targeting the hyperaccumulation capacity of the plants and heavy metals tolerance of the identified rhizobia are recommended, as this may help in knowing the BCF, TF, and BAC of the plants as well as the tolerable amount of the heavy metals to the bacteria.
Null-Labelling: A Generic Approach for Learning in the Presence of Class Noise

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Class noise in datasets presents a significant challenge to accurate classification, requiring classifiers that can refuse to classify noisy instances. We demonstrate the inability of the popular confidence-thresholding rejection method to learn from relationships between input features and not-at-random class noise. To take advantage of these relationships, we propose a novel null-labelling scheme based on iterative re-training with relabelled datasets that enables a classifier to learn to reject instances that are likely to be misclassified. We demonstrate the ability of null-labelling to achieve a significantly better tradeoff between classification error and coverage than confidence-thresholding. Models generated by the null-labelling scheme have the added advantage of interpretability, in that they are able to identify features correlated with class noise. We also unify prior theories for combining and evaluating sets of rejecting classifiers.
A question of priorities: democratic reforms and economic recovery in postwar Germany: Frankfurt, Munich, and Stuttgart under U.S. occupation, 1945-1949

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last few years, there has been a noticeable increase in studies on the postwar period of Germany, reflecting the crucial importance of these years for an understanding of the developments in the two Germanys. With her study of U.S. occupation policy and its effects on German social and political developments in Frankfurt, Munich, and Stuttgart, Rebecca Boehling offers a most valuable contribution to this debate. She examines the decisions made by the U.S. Military Government regarding German municipal personnel from the first year of the occupation, when all city officials were appointed directly by Military Government of with its explicit approval, through the first postwar municipal elections in 1946 and 1948, when democratic self-government was gradually restored. Boehling explores the far-reaching effects of personnel decisions on German political life within the framework of U.S. policies intended to denazify and democratize Germany. The conclusion she draws is that the early local-level German developments under U.S. occupation facilitated economic recovery in a manner that restricted the implementation of political and social goals of democratization.
Emergency Dispatch Optimization of Engineering Vehicles in Disaster Rescue Activities

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the emergency dispatch optimization problem of engineering vehicles in disaster rescue activities. We first analyze the composition of disaster rescue task, and study the situation where subtasks will compete for the same engineering vehicle. In order to properly allocate engineering vehicles to perform corresponding subtasks, we establish a nonlinear integer optimization model (P). Since there are fractional form equation and nonlinear equation in constraints of the model, we can not solve the model directly by the commercial solvers such as CPLEX. To solve the model efficiently, the Lagrangian dual and cone optimization algorithm (LDC) is proposed to iteratively obtain the optimal solution. Extensive computational experiments are implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution method.
Motives for Online Friending and Following: The Dark Side of Social Network Site Connections

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Motives for “friending,” following, or connecting with others on social network sites are often positive, but darker motives may also play an important role. A survey with a novel Following Motives Scale (FMS) demonstrates accordingly that positive, sociable motives (i.e., others providing a valued source for humor and information, others sharing a common background, as well as relationship maintenance) and inspirational motives (i.e., others providing a target for upward social comparison) can be distinguished from darker motives related to insecurity (i.e., others providing reassurance, preference for online interaction, mediated voyeurism, as well as social obligation), and even darker antisocial motives related to self-enhancement (i.e., others providing a target for downward social comparison, competition, schadenfreude, gossip, as well as “hate-following”). Results show that lower self-esteem and higher levels of need for popularity, narcissism, and dispositional schadenfreude characterize users with stronger dark side motives, whereas users with more sociable motives report more satisfaction with life, thereby providing construct validity for the novel scale. Convergent validity is demonstrated by positive relations between following motives and both time spent and following counts on different social network sites. Moreover, an embedded experiment shows that antisocial motives predicted acceptance of a Facebook friendship request from a male or female high school acquaintance who suffered a setback in the domain of appearance or status (i.e., a convenient source for self-enhancement), thereby providing additional convergent validity for the Antisocial Motives subscale.
THE PHENOMENOLOGY AND MARKERS OF HELPLESSNESS EXPERIENCE BY COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGISTS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are a few studies about helplessness, hopelessness or despair as a professional problem of counseling psychologists. Professional helplessness can be considered as a combination of personal counselor’s characteristics and features of the psychological counseling situation. This study was conducted to understand the essence of counseling psychologist’s helplessness and the need to work with helplessness experience in novice consultants training. There were three studies in this research. The purpose of the first was to study the specific experiences associated with entering the professional activity of students participating in the tutorial group of the St. Petersburg State University Psychological Clinic. Next, we conducted two special studies to explore the phenomenology, describe the content and highlight markers of the helplessness experience by counseling psychologists. The research results allow us to draw the following conclusions. The state of helplessness is indeed one of the main experiences of novice consultant psychologists. At the emotional level, it is mainly associated with negative emotions, such as sadness, anger, despair, fear, doubt, shame. At the cognitive level, it is associated with the manifestation of psychological defences, which indicate a high level of tension and difficulties with directly experiencing situations of helplessness. At the behavioural level, it is associated with various somatic manifestations. In general, the results confirm the need to pay special attention to the formation of the counselor’s personality in his training, and, in particular, to work with the acceptance of a sense of helplessness and tolerance for its appearance. This is possible through the creation of special training technologies that allow to develop the skills of emotional states differentiation, recognition of psychological defenses, awareness of the experience of helplessness and acceptance of this experience. This will help to train resistance to situations of helplessness and will serve as a prevention of burnout.
The truth of death in the Pardoner‟s Tale.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Pardoner is perhaps the most puzzling pilgrim in The Canterbury Tales, and his tale one of the most thrilling, and perhaps also the one tale to penetrate most deeply into the human psyche. This essay approaches the Pardoner with a study on trouthe and how it works in the Tale. The changing semantics of the word ‘trouthe’ and its synonyms suggests a complexity of the word that Chaucer and his contemporaries are grappling with through fiction as a medium, over the common-day legal and ethical usage of the word. What emerges from the study is the frightening truth of the double death of the body and the soul, and conversely the hope that through death in the body there is eternal life yet for the soul. It is knowledge of this, and disbelief of it that makes for the Pardoner’s deep despair. This essay takes a sympathetic reading of the Pardoner, and considers how the Tale and its study of various morals is the extension of the Pardoner’s personal obsession with the law, punishment and death. The consideration is also one of how the Pardoner’s literal-mindedness makes him unable to see the spirit of the law in the letter of the law, and his personal inability to be optimistic and hopeful despite having a desire to, as seen through the love-song that he sings in the General Prologue. The Pardoner’s Tale and Prologue is a study on the human psyche and how it responds to what is perhaps an innate and natural spirituality.
Advances in Big Data Bio Analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Delivering effective data analytics is of crucial importance to the interpretation of the multitude of biological datasets currently generated by an ever increasing number of high throughput techniques. Logic programming has much to offer in this area. Here, we detail advances that highlight two of the strengths of logical formalisms in developing data analytic solutions in biological settings: access to large relational databases and building analytical pipelines collecting graph information from multiple sources. We present significant advances on the bio_db package which serves biological databases as Prolog facts that can be served either by in-memory loading or via database backends. These advances include modularising the underlying architecture and the incorporation of datasets from a second organism (mouse). In addition, we introduce a number of data analytics tools that operate on these datasets and are bundled in the analysis package: bio_analytics. Emphasis in both packages is on ease of installation and use. We highlight the general architecture of our components based approach. An experimental graphical user interface via SWISH for local installation is also available. Finally, we advocate that biological data analytics is a fertile area which can drive further innovation in applied logic programming.
Optimized echo-envelope matching for acoustic sediment classification with high-frequency single-beam sonars

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

To extract geoacoustic parameters from the envelope shape of bottom backscattered echoes measured with single-beam high-frequency echosounders, it is advantageous to compare the measured average echo magnitude with an echo envelope model that incorporates bottom scattering theory and sediment properties measured at spatial scales commensurate with acoustic wavelength. With a fully calibrated sonar system, iterative comparisons between model and data yield sediment properties such as grain size, roughness, and volume scattering statistics. Results are presented for a two-phase optimization approach to echo-envelope matching: first the sediment type is established by iterating on the reflection coefficient to match the peak echo amplitude and to establish a general fit with generic values for the remaining geoacoustic parameters, then a three-parameter global optimization is performed using a combination of simulated annealing and downhill simplex searches over the allowable range of roughness spectral strength, volume scattering cross section, and a constrained range of reflection and bottom absorption coefficients which are correlated with mean grain size. Bottom echo envelopes collected at 33 and 93 kHz, over substrates ranging from clay to sand, yield solutions for grain size and geoacoustic properties which are consistent with ground-truth measurements. [Work supported by ONR N00014-94-1-0121.]
Is This My Hand I See Before Me? The Rubber Hand Illusion in Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a first study in which a recently reported intermodal perceptual illusion known as the rubber hand illusion is experimentally investigated under mediated conditions. When one's own hand is placed out of view and a visible fake hand is repeatedly stroked and tapped in synchrony with the unseen hand, subjects report a strong sense in which the fake hand is experienced as part of their own body. In our experiment, we investigated this illusion under three conditions: (i) unmediated condition, replicating the original paradigm, (ii) virtual reality (VR) condition, where both the fake hand and its stimulation were projected on the table in front of the participant, and (iii) mixed reality (MR) condition, where the fake hand was projected, but its stimulation was unmediated. Dependent measures included self-report (open-ended and questionnaire-based) and drift, that is, the offset between the felt position of the hidden hand and its actual position. As expected, the unmediated condition produced the strongest illusion, as indicated both by self-report and drift towards the rubber hand. The VR condition produced a more convincing subjective illusion than the MR condition, although no difference in drift was found between the mediated conditions. Results are discussed in terms of perceptual mechanisms underlying the rubber hand illusion, and the illusion's relevance to understanding telepresence.
A preliminary probe into the cataloging of CDs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the maturityofoptical disc technologyand the increasingnumber ofcompact discs,the cataloging and utilization of CDs have already become an important issue in libraries.Based on the Entry Regulations of Vision Disc and the demands of Chinese MARC Format,the article presents some suggestions and managerial models about the description and the management of CDs,by combining the working experience.
Reproductive performance, egg and larval quality and egg fatty acid composition of hatchery-reared Spotted Babylon (Babylonia areolata) broodstock fed natural and formulated diets under hatchery conditions.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A 120 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance, egg and larval quality and egg fatty acid composition in Spotted Babylon (Babylonia areolata) broodstock fed with natural food (fresh meat of carangid fish, Seleroidesleptolepis,) and one of four experimental formulated diets containing 5 or 15% of dietary lipid from either tuna oil or a mixture of tuna oil and soybean oil (6:4) labeled as 5% TO, 15% TO, 5% MO and 15% MO respectively. Using trash fish as a control food resulted is the lowest levels of in 20:5 n - 3, 22:6 n - 3 and 20:4 n - 6 fatty acids compared to those of all experimental diets, while the highest contents of those fatty acids were found in the 5% TO diet. Statistically significant differences in reproductive performance between dietary treatments with the best reproductive performance were found only for females fed the 5% TO diets, but egg and larval quality showed no variability among females fed trash fish and all experimental diets. No significant differences were observed in the survival duration in the starvation tolerance test for females fed trash fish or any of the experimental diets. However, the fatty acid profile of egg capsules was significantly affected by the dietary treatments. The levels of major fatty acids (20:5 n - 3, 22:6 n - 3 and 20:4 n - 6) in egg capsules produced from females fed diets containing 5% tuna oil (5% TO) was significantly higher than those from females fed trash fish or other experimental diets. We therefore conclude that formulated diets resulted in successful reproduction and high essential fatty acids in egg capsules comparable to the use of trash fish.

Key words: Babylonia areolata, broodstock diet, reproductive performance, egg and larvae quality.
A city-scale assessment of emergency response accessibility to vulnerable populations and facilities under normal and pluvial flood conditions for Shanghai, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the development of a scenario-based approach that couples 2D hydrodynamic modeling with Geographic Information System (GIS) network analysis to assess the vulnerability of emergency services to surface water flooding at a large city scale. The method is demonstrated for Emergency Medical Service and Fire & Rescue Service in the city of Shanghai, China. Considering four representative traffic conditions, accessibility in terms of service area, response time, and population coverage within specified timeframes (8-, 12-, and 15-minute for Emergency Medical Service and 5-, 10-, and 15-minute for Fire & Rescue Service) is quantified and mapped under normal as well as pluvial flood scenarios of various magnitudes (5-, 20-, and 100-year return periods). Results show that the performance of operational responses largely depends on the functioning of transportation system, dramatically decreasing from unobstructed to congested traffic. Surface water flooding is found to result in limited (i.e. site-specific) but nonlinear impacts on the city-wide emergency service provisions. The results provide detailed information for optimizing the distribution of emergency stations and developing strategic contingency planning for vulnerable populations and facilities.
Grace and apocalypse in the novels of Cormac McCarthy (Appalachia)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

McCarthy's novels articulate a vision of man's state of grace as a trajectory. Outer Dark, representative of McCarthy's early career, reveals a world filled with overwhelming evil, a vision of terra damnata mitigated only by the grace suggested in the narrative tenderness toward the heroine, Rinthy. Suttree affirms grace as the titular hero "pulls himself together" to overcome "dementia praecox," a form of madness combining the primitive implications of schizophrenia (represented by Suttree's dead twin) and the Manichean split between good and evil that paradoxically issues in Knoxville's "good-naturedly violent" demimonde. Blood Meridian, McCarthy's apocalyptic Western, reverses the vision of Suttree. The novel's ambiguous silences--moments of ineffability--either condemn "the kid" for his senseless brutalities or confirm the meaningless of life which the desecrating bloodshed suggests. Both possibilities leave mankind poised uncomfortably at his blood meridian, McCarthy's version of an apocalyptic foreclosure on the possibility of grace.
LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN COUNTRIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We used Engle–Granger cointegration test to investigate and compare the long-run performance of imports and exports in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Korea and Thailand. Graphical analysis demonstrates an inherent tendency of imports and exports to move together in the long run. Cointegration and error correction results support the graphical analysis that these countries do not violate on the average the international budget constraint, and trade disequilibrium is a short-run phenomenon that is sustainable in the long run. Macroeconomic policies in the sample countries have been adequately effective to affect long-run equilibrium between imports and exports. The international events had differential impact on each country of our sample.