jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Internal student migration in India: Impact of the COVID-19 crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The education sector in India was among the most affected sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. While considerable attention has been paid to informal workers' return or reverse migration to their home communities, not much has been reported about the challenges faced by migrant students. Using a mixed-method approach, the current study presents an overview of internal student migration in India prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using data from the 2001 and 2011 Census of India and the 2007–2008 National Sample Survey Organization, and discusses challenges faced by selected migrant learners during the COVID-19 pandemic based on primary research. Based on the census data, nearly 3.3 million migrants in India move for study reasons with 2.9 million migrating within the state (with the duration of residence less than five years) from their last residence within India. The pattern of female student migration suggests an increasingly localized interdistrict migration. Findings from the qualitative data indicate that during the pandemic, students had compromised learning and placement experience, inadequate digital resources and pressure to repay loans. Student migrants experienced varying degrees of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on their destination and migration stream.
The role of urban gardening in building city resilience to climate change

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article has two purposes. The first is to show the role that urban gardening can play in building city resilience to various negative impacts resulting from changes in the economic and social spheres and connection with global warming. The second goal is to investigate whether Polish cities use urban gardening to strengthen the resilience of socio-economic systems to climate change. Resilience is understood as the capacity of a city to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. It concerns both social and technical infrastructure, including blue and green infrastructure. Worldwide, the usage of urban gardening to strengthen cities' resilience to climate change is becoming more and more common. Polish cities have yet to join this positive trend.
Research of Monascus Pigment Feed Additive Effect on Immune Function of Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的：阐明红曲霉素对免疫性能的影响。方法：用昆明种小白鼠进行了90d喂养试验。在给药3个月后对小白鼠进行了常规指标、血液指标、脏器系数以及腹腔注射鸡红细胞吞噬试验。结果：试验结果表明，小白鼠的常规指标、血液指标与对照组无显著差异，但免疫器官及吞噬细胞能力有所提高。结论：实验证明添加少量红曲霉素可以提高饲料利用率，红曲霉素可以增强小白鼠的免疫能力。Objective: To clarify the effects of Monascus on immune properties. Method: A 90 d feeding trial was conducted on Kunming mice. Three months after the administration, we have tested conventional indicators, blood parameters, organ coefficient and intraperitoneal injection of chicken erythrocytes phagocytosis on mice. Result: The results show no significant difference between conventional indicators of mice, blood parameters and that in the control group, but the immune organs and phagocytic capacity have increased. Conclusion: Experiments show that adding a small amount of Monascus can improve efficiency of feed utilization; Monascus can enhance immunity of mice.
Trusted host-based card emulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Near Field Communication (NFC) promises to boost mobile transactions and payments. Indeed, NFC-enabled devices can emulate smartcards, so allowing payments, loyalty programs, card access, transit passes and other custom services, through a mobile phone. Although many modern mobile devices mount a NFC transceiver, card emulation is still a rare feature. The main reason is that the two available card emulation frameworks, namely Card Emulation and Host-based Card Emulation, have known limitations in terms of usability and security (respectively). This paper proposes a novel approach to card emulation called Trusted Host-based Card Emulation (THCE). THCE relies on the Trusted Execution Environment, currently deployed on most of the CPUs for mobile devices, and implements a secure and usable card emulation framework. Through comparisons, we show that THCE overcomes the limitations of the existing solutions. Moreover, we formally verify that the initialization protocol, used to deploy access credentials on a THCE-enabled device, is not vulnerable to known exploits.
Palliative care and primary health care: Ethical considerations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Palliative Care (PC) is presented as a public health problem, due to the substantial increase in the number of elderly and the prevalence of non-communicable chronic degenerative diseases. The importance of the reorganization of Primary Health Care Services (PHCS) to ensure the provision of this care has become evident. The objective was to identify cases of users, in order to inventory the ethical problems that the team experienced. This is a case study based on a Qualitative approach, using thematic analysis. Two cases were identified, that revealed, as ethical problems, the “responsibility of the PHCS towards the caregivers and families” and the “difficulty of frank and honest communication between the team and the family”. The results indicate that the training of human resources with technical competence and the continuity of assistance in the transition from curative to palliative treatment are factors favorable to the integrality and the obtention of more adequate responses to the ethical challenges that the teams experienced.
Accounting conservatism in the post-IFRS period: Do provisions matter?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Muhasebede ihtiyatlılık finansal raporlama kalitesinin önemli bir parçasıdır. Finansal raporlarda yer alan bilgilerin güvenilirliği ve ihtiyaca uygunluğu arasındaki denge dikkate alındığında, geleceğe dönük tahminlerden oluşan karşılıklar, finansal raporlardaki ihtiyatlılık düzeyini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2005-2010 yılları arasında, İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası’nda (İMKB) işlem gören, finans sektörü dışındaki, tüm firmalara ait 1225 firma-yıl verisinden yararlanılarak, karşılıklar ve ihtiyatlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Çalışma sonuçlarına gore, IAS-37 Karşılıklar, Koşullu Borçlar ve Koşullu Varlıklar kapsamında ayrılan karşılıklar ile kazanç ve bilanço ihtiyatlılığı arasında pozitif ilişki vardır. Çalışma, özellikle, karşılıklar ve ihtiyatlılık arasındaki ilişkiye dair amprik bulguları ile, karşılıkların ihtiyatlılığı temsil eden bir gösterge olduğuna atıfta bulunarak, muhasebe literatürüne önemli bir katkıda bulunmaktadır.
The Individuality's Malpractices of Tibetan Traditional Culture and Modernization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article,the author deems,for an old civilization, Tibetan traditional culture lacks new cultural factors of the idealism and humanitarianism.Only by desalinating and eliminating individuality's malpractices of Tibetan traditional culture can we improve the levels of Tibetan culture and the whole nationalities quality,and carry out modernization of Tibetan culture.
A Study on Relationship between Radiologists' Job Satisfaction and Intention of Separation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine relations between the job satisfaction and separation intent of radiologists from secondary medical institutes, providing basic information needed to earlier prevent radiologists' separation, improve their quality and effectively manage them. 1. The subjects' job satisfaction was 2.32 points in mean score, which was below the average. 2. Concerning difference in job satisfaction among the subjects in accordance with their demographic characteristics, it was found that radiologists are significantly different among them in job satisfaction according to their age and position. 3. The surveyed radiologists' intent of separation was 2.89 points in mean score, which was not significantly high. 4. Concerning difference in the intent of separation among the participants in accordance with their demographic characteristics, it was found that radiologists are significantly different among them in the intent of separation according to their age, marital status, position and average monthly income. 5. There were significant correlations between the subjects' job satisfaction and intent of separation. In other words, the higher radiologists are in job satisfaction, the lower they are in the intent of separation.
AFRICAN STANDBY FORCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper traces briefly the efforts undertaken by African states through the African Union (AU) to find a common African security policy that envisages the establishment of an African Standby Force (ASF). The paper then goes on to discuss East African countries’ efforts to establish an Eastern Africa standby brigade, in line with the requirements of the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC).1 The need for a common African defence and security policy was stressed during the Inaugural Summit of the AU held in Durban, South Africa, in July 2002, when the Assembly of Heads of State and Government deliberated the proposal of Libyan leader that Africa establishes a single continental army. The African leaders were also motivated to respond to the multifaceted challenges to stability, security and cooperation on the continent. It is in this context that the Constitutive Act of the AU in Article 4(d) calls for the establishment of a common defence policy for the African continent.
Pacific Lamprey Research and Restoration Project : Annual Report 1998.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

through fall, the short brown type and the long dark type. Lamprey spawning distribution was from the mouth to the headwaters in the Umatilla River. Larval lampreys were observed in the mud and sand areas of the river. Tribal members observed major declines in lampreys within the Columbia River basin. Larval Pacific lampreys were distributed throughout the John Day River basin. Larval distribution in the other subbasins was patchy and limited to the lower reaches of the streams. Larval densities were highly variable in the Middle Fork John Day and North Fork John Day rivers, as opposed to the Main stem John Day River. Larval lengths varied little in the Middle Fork John Day and North Fork John Day rivers, but were highly variable in the Main stem John Day River. Larval abundance decreased as we moved upstream in the Columbia and Snake rivers. In addition, we found strong evidence for lack of larval recruitment as distance increased from the mouth of the Columbia River. We identified clinical indicators of stress in adult Pacific lampreys. Plasma glucose became elevated soon after acute stress and remained elevated for one week. Plasma lactate also became elevated by 30 minutes; however, it decreased to resting levels by one hour after application of the stressor. Muscle lactate was shown to have an inverse relationship with glucose. Muscle lactate levels decreased by 4 hours and remained depressed for two days. Plasma chloride ions decreased by one hour, then returned to resting levels by 8 hours, decreased again at 24 hours, and then recovered by 48 hours. The steroid cortisol was not found in the plasma of Pacific lampreys. Our study suggests plasma glucose, lactate, chloride ions, and muscle lactate can be used as clinical indicators of stress in Pacific lampreys.
Challenges with defining response to antitumor agents in pediatric neuro-oncology: A report from the response assessment in pediatric neuro-oncology (RAPNO) working group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Criteria for new drug approval include demonstration of efficacy. In neuro-oncology, this is determined radiographically utilizing tumor measurements on MRI scans. Limitations of this method have been identified where drug activity is not reflected in decreased tumor size. The RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) working group was established to address limitations in defining endpoints for clinical trials in adult neuro-oncology and to develop standardized response criteria. RAPNO was subsequently established to address unique issues in pediatric neuro-oncology. The aim of this paper is to delineate response criteria issues in pediatric clinical trials as a basis for subsequent recommendations.
Concealed penis in pediatric age group: a comparison between three surgical techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comparison between three different surgical techniques in the management of concealed penis.This prospective interventional non-randomized study included 150 pediatric patients with a concealed penis. They were distributed equally into three groups; group A; patients treated by anchoring the penile skin dermis to Buck's fascia at the penile base at 3 and 9 o'clock points using PDS 5/0 (phallopexy), group B; patients treated by complete dissection and excision of dartos fascia and group C; patients treated by phallopexy as in group A after complete dissection and excision of dartos fascia. Follow-up at the end of the 1st post-operative week and then monthly for 6 months as regards penile skin congestion and/or necrosis, wound infection, edema, and/or re-retraction was carried out.Penile edema and re-retraction have a statistically significant difference among the studied groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). Penile re-retraction was noticed to be lowest in patients of group C, however penile edema was observed to be highest in patients of group B.Phallopexy after complete dissection and excision of dartos fascia have better results than doing either phallopexy or dartos excision alone in the treatment of concealed penis.The manuscript was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System.gov Identifier: NCT05565040. Our manuscript was registered on 4/10/2022.
680 W thulium-doped all-fiber single-oscillator laser emitting at 2036 nm in continuous-wave operation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on a monolithic single-oscillator Tm3+-doped fiber laser emitting 680 W at 2036 nm in continuous-wave operation mode with an optical efficiency of 44%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported output power for an all-fibered single-oscillator architecture. The experimental results are compared to simulations, and the laser output performances are presented in terms of optical spectrum, beam profile, and beam propagation quality.
Cancer Management Chapter 27: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the United States have almost doubled between 1970 and 1990, representing one of the largest increases of any cancer. Although the overall incidence rates of NHL began to stabilize in the late 1990s, the temporal trends varied by histologic subtype. Some of this increase may be artifactual, resulting from improved diagnostic techniques and access to medical care, or directly related to the development of NHL in 25- to 54-year-old men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, additional factors must be responsible for this unexpected increase in frequency of NHL that has been observed throughout the United States.
High Throughput Screening of Chromatographic Phases for Rapid Process Development

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The necessity of being “first on the market” paired with the need to cut production costs highlights the need for strategies and techniques allowing a fast process development while at the same time covering a high number of potential process parameters in order to reach an optimal process sequence. This can only be met by the use of high throughput screening (HTS) techniques. In this paper HTS applications presently applied in bioprocess development are reviewed, their use in chromatographic process parameter evaluation is discussed and concepts for the rational design of HTS experiments are presented. A rational approach for chromatographic parameter screening comprehends an initial screening procedure for ligand selection followed by the incorporation of specific adsorbent features using HTS pipetting systems finalized by a fine tuning step using packed mini‐columns. The analytical part of these screening techniques clearly sets the bottleneck of these procedures with a trade off between analytical information and analysis time. Finally, intelligent HTS strategies should in addition include efficient data processing paired with modern tools for design of experiments or model based process design.
Amino Acid Substitutions in the S2 Region Enhance Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infectivity in Rat Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2-Expressing Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT To clarify the molecular basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) adaptation to different host species, we serially passaged SARS-CoV in rat angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells. After 15 passages, the virus (Rat-P15) came to replicate effectively in rat ACE2-expressing cells. Two amino acid substitutions in the S2 region were found on the Rat-P15 S gene. Analyses of the infectivity of the pseudotype-bearing S protein indicated that the two substitutions in the S2 region, especially the S950F substitution, were responsible for efficient infection. Therefore, virus adaptation to different host species can be induced by amino acid substitutions in the S2 region.
Pengaruh Terapi Non Farmakologidiabetes Melitus Terhadap Kadar Gula Dalam Darah

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is called the silent killer, because this disease causes various kinds of complaints and can attack all organs of the body. In Southeast Asia, people with Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia are ranked 3rd with a prevalence of 11.3%. There are four pillars of diabetes mellitus control including physical activity, diet, pharmacological interventions, and education. Of the four pillars, physical activity is the most effective therapy to prevent blood sugar levels from remaining normal. Physical activities recommended for people with Diabetes Mellitus include walking, cycling, gymnastics and jogging. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to determine the effect of non-pharmacological diabetes mellitus therapy on blood sugar levels.Methode: In the search for data sources the article is carried out through the databases Google Scholar, Publish or Perish and Mendeley. Inclusion of study design using Literature Review. Results: The results of the literature review analysis there are 12 journals that ha stated or the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: So it can be concluded that there is an influence of non-pharmacological therapy (diet and physical activity) diabetes mellitus on blood sugar levels. The effect of physical activity therapy on a decrease in blood sugar levels by 66.6%. And the effect of dietary therapy on reducing blood sugar levels by 33.3%.
Effects of Tiaogan Fangyao on Expression of 5-HTR2C in Hypothalamus of Rats with Anger-in/out Constitution

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the association of the pathogenesis and drug action target of Jingqianping and Jingqianshu granule with the expression level of 5-HTR2C in hypothalamus of rats with anger-in and anger-out constitution.Method:The model rats were prepared by the methods of residential intrusion,and treated with Jingqianping or Jingqianshu granule.Then we gained control groups,model group and treated groups.The expression of 5-HTR2C in the hypothalamus of the models was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting.Result:The levels of 5-HTR2C mRNA and protein in the hypothalamus of models decreased significantly as compared to the controls,and the levels of the anger-out-model group were higher than the anger-in group.And the levels of 5-HTR2C mRNA and protein in groups treated with Jingqianping or Jingqianshu granule increased significant as compared to the models.There were significantly difference for mRNA between the treated and the control rats.There were no significant difference for protein between the treated and the control rats.Conclusion:The expression of 5-HTR2C in the hypothalamus of the two model group decreased significantly compared to the controls,and then the protein recovered to the control level and the mRNA was adjusted after treated with Jingqianping or Jingqianshu granule.So,the result demonstrates that the association of the expression of 5-HTR2C maybe exist with anger-out and anger-in.And the gene could be one of the action target of Jingqianping and Jingqianshu granule.
OBESITY AMONG YOUNG AMERICAN INDIAN ADULTS IN NORTH DAKOTA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obesity among American Indian young adults is a significant health problem. There is an increase in the prevalence rate of diseases associated with obesity which tend to have high medical costs and high mortality rates. Fruit and vegetable consumption, exercise, gender and education are factors which could affect obesity among American Indians. Therefore, the primary purpose of the current study was to determine if there was an association between certain factors (fruit and vegetable consumption, exercise, gender and education level) and obesity among young American Indian adults in North Dakota. The secondary purpose was to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in obesity prevalence between American Indian young adults and non-American Indian young adults in North Dakota. Secondary data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey was used for the study. Binary logistic regression analysis odds ratio was used to analyze the data in the study. Exercise, education and fruit and vegetable consumption did not show statistical significance. Gender was the only statistically significant factor. Recommendations were made for the specific population and future studies based on the results of the study.
Scanning electron microscope studies of human metaphase chromosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to evaluate potential chromosome preparations and staining methods for application in high-resolution three-dimensional X-ray imaging. Our starting point is optical fluorescence microscopy, the standard method for chromosomes, which only gives structural detail at the 200 nm scale. In principle, with suitable sample preparation protocols, including contrast enhancing staining, the surface structure of the chromosomes can be viewed at the 1 nm level by SEM. Here, we evaluate a heavy metal nucleic-acid-specific stain, which gives strong contrast in the backscattered electron signal. This study uses SEM to examine chromosomes prepared in different ways to establish a sample preparation protocol for X-rays. Secondary electron and backscattered electron signals are compared to evaluate the effectiveness of platinum-based stains used to enhance the contrast.