jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role of Institutional Environment in Constructing the Parental Attitude toward Girls’ Students Enrollment: An Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study entitled "Role of Institutional Environment in Constructing the Parental Attitude toward Girls Students Enrollment: An Analysis." This study analyzed the role of the institutional environment in parental attitudes towards girls' enrollment in schools in the Sukkur Region. The mixed-method (QUAN-qual.) approach was adopted. The study population was comprised of school heads, secondary school teachers, and parents. The simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. The researcher personally visited and collected data from twenty (20) government girls' secondary schools, including twenty (20) school heads, one hundred and ninety (190) female teachers and one hundred ninety (190) parents. The quantitative data were collected through the questionnaire, while qualitative insights were obtained via in-depth interviews. Secondary school teachers and parents generally view school environments positively, especially for safety and gender equality, with urban areas showing more positive attitudes towards girls' education, despite concerns about infrastructure and extracurricular activities. The study recommended that improving communication with parents, promoting female role models, expanding financial assistance, encouraging girls' leadership roles, enhancing transportation safety and fostering a gender-neutral learning environment. These strategies aimed to build trust, empower female students and increase parental support for girls' education in the Sukkur Region.
Climate-Driven Legacies in Simulated Microbial Communities Alter Litter Decomposition Rates

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The mechanisms underlying diversity-functioning relationships have been a consistent area of inquiry in biogeochemistry since the 1950s. Though these mechanisms remain unresolved in soil microbiomes, many approaches at varying scales have pointed to the same notion—composition matters. Confronting the methodological challenge arising from the complexity of microbiomes, this study used the model DEMENTpy, a trait-based modeling framework, to explore trait-based drivers of microbiome-dependent litter decomposition. We parameterized DEMENTpy for five sites along a climate gradient in Southern California, United States, and conducted reciprocal transplant simulations analogous to a prior empirical study. The simulations demonstrated climate-dependent legacy effects of microbial communities on plant litter decomposition across the gradient. This result is consistent with the previous empirical study across the same gradient. An analysis of community-level traits further suggests that a 3-way tradeoff among resource acquisition, stress tolerance, and yield strategies influences community assembly. Simulated litter decomposition was predictable with two community traits (indicative of two of the three strategies) plus local environment, regardless of the system state (transient vs. equilibrium). Although more empirical confirmation is still needed, community traits plus local environmental factors (e.g., environment and litter chemistry) may robustly predict litter decomposition across spatial-temporal scales. In conclusion, this study offers a potential trait-based explanation for climate-dependent community effects on litter decomposition with implications for improved understanding of whole-ecosystem functioning across scales.
Towards portable microcode

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The implementation of a retargetable microcode generator system (RMGS) is described for a six-stage translation system. Portability of microcode is achieved by specifying microprograms in a C-like HLL (high-level language) and translating the specification into horizontal microcode. The HLL microprogram description is translated into an intermediate semantic description language (ISDL). The ISDL specification is then translated into a machine-dependent microcode using a heuristic pattern-matched code generator. Retargetability to a wide variety of machines is achieved through a semantic description of a particular machine. The code is compacted using a greedy heuristic strategy. Optimization techniques are applied to the intermediate form by shape analysis, during code generation through cost analysis, and during compaction through an optimal graph coloring inherent to the compaction strategy.< >
Seasonal changes in the protein content of corbicula Regularis from Girna Dam, chalisgaon dist - Jalgaon (M.S.) India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study, changes in the protein content in soft body tissues of Corbicula Regularis of were collected from girna dam, at chalisgaon near Dhule district was observed during different seasons. It was variations of the climatic change in environment. Fluctuation of the protein content on its impact on various types of tissues, like, mantle, hepatopancreas, gonad and foot. The Protein content maximum found in gonads tissues throughout all the three seasons, whereas mantle shows minimum values of protein. There are great variations in the values of protein during different seasons in ecological conditions.
Toward Network Intelligence

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This article proposes a conceptual framework to guide research in neural computation by relating it to mathematical progress in other fields and to examples illustrative of biological networks. The goal is to provide insight into how biological networks, and possibly large artificial networks such as foundation models, transition from analog computation to an analog approximation of symbolic computation. From the mathematical perspective, I focus on the development of consistent symbolic representations and optimal policies for action selection within network settings. From the biological perspective, I give examples of human and animal social network behavior that may be described using these mathematical models.
Specification for Clay Roof Tiles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
Positive psychological outcomes following Antarctic deployment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous Antarctic research has been criticised for emphasising a disease producing (pathogenic) approach, as opposed to a health and well-being (salutogenic) approach.Moreover, anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that there are positive psychological outcomes resulting from Antarctic deployment. The primary aim of the current study was to examine post-expedition growth following Antarctic deployment. There were 225 participants who completed an online survey comprising a modified Post-Experience Change Inventory. The results indicated that Antarctic expeditioners experienced post-expedition growth in a number of domains, with ‘personal strength’ the highest perceived category of personal growth and ‘spiritual and existential change’ the least likely to result in perceived growth. It was concluded that long-term positive after effects result from Antarctic employment. The results of the current study may help inform future recruitment and training efforts in Antarctic employment as well as other isolated and confined environments.
An in vitro study of apical bacterial extrusion after root canal instrumentation using several endodontic file systems

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: In this research, the amount of apical extrusion of bacteria will be measured utilizing root canal instruments, including the K3XF, Protaper Gold, Edge taper Platinum, and Hyflex CM Rotary devices. Materials and Procedures: The saline solution contained sixty recently removed maxillary incisor teeth. After the trenches had been dug, the mash and bacteria were removed and placed in the entry pit to be used. In order to facilitate the gathering of germs, the teeth were attached to a device. Fusobacterium Nucleatum (ATCC 25586) was used to taint and then dry the root trenches for 24 hours. Six meetings made use of various tape systems, including K3XF edge tighten platinum and Hyflex CM turning reports, while the first four made use of hand-written K-records. Group 1 lacked any instrumentation (the control pack). The number of state molding units was tallied after 24 hours of Mueller-Hinton agar testing. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyse the data individually. Results: The K3XF file system emitted the fewest germs as compared to the other four rotating systems. Conclusion: Bacteria from intracanal spaces were ejected apically by all instrumentation methods.
A Critical Review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter follows the reconstruction of the classical maqāṣid theory with a critical review. It revolves around the question of whether the basic necessities that have been identified by classical Islamic jurists meet the postulated requirements of necessity, universality, and empirical observability. By analyzing the various justifications, the chapter concludes that the classical theory of Islamic legal purposes requires a revision for both theological and philosophical reasons in order to live up to its own requirements. Additionally, the chapter delves into the internal coherence of the theory and scrutinizes the logical consistency and applicability of the identified necessities within the classical framework.
Regioselective Reductive Ring Opening of 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]oxetanes at the More Substituted C‐2 Position

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The title compounds 7 were prepared in situ by deprotection of the corresponding pivaloyl‐substituted oxetanes 3 with lithium aluminium hydride in tetrahydrofuran. under these conditions a reductive ring opening at c‐2 (hydrodealkoxylation) occurred which was initiated by a nucleophilic hydride attack and which yielded the triols 8 (64–85%). the facility of the reaction and its high regioselectivity can be explained by the directing ability of the hydroxy group at the aromatic substituent. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically, as shown by deuterium labelling experiments. The prerequisite 2‐(2‐pivaloyloxyphenyl)‐3‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]oxetanes 3 were prepared by the Paternò‐Büchi reaction of the protected salicylaldehyde 1 and various silyl enol ethers 2 . The 2‐hydroxyphenyl substituent at the C‐3 position of oxetane 6 directed the hydride attack to the C‐4 position and yielded the triol 10 in 85% yield.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the bridge bearing and genetic algorithm–based optimization for seismic mitigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Seismic mitigation for bridges by the specific bearing with highly elastoplastic dissipaters is very important to ensure safety of superstructures exposed to earthquakes. To study the lateral vibration of the bridge bearing, a nonlinear dynamic model is developed while thoroughly considering highly nonlinear mechanical properties of the bearing in this article. The generalized- α method is specifically adapted to solve the nonlinear equations. Moreover, nonlinear behavior of the bearing is fully incorporated through direct path-following of the practical experimental hysteresis curve. The proposed method is validated through careful comparison between the dynamic simulation and the quasi-static experimental results. Mechanical responses of the bridge-pier system under earthquake excitations can be calculated in a more reliable manner. On this basis, a parametric optimization model involving several key parameters of the bearing-pier system is developed. The optimization problem is solved by the genetic algorithm as the searching tool. Numerical examples show that mechanical responses of the bridge-pier system subjected to the earthquake excitations can be effectively mitigated after parametric optimization. The extensive applicability of the proposed method is validated through finding the optimized parameters for the bearing when multiple different earthquakes are considered. Moreover, the accumulative energy absorption of the bearing is also considered to enhance the seismic performance of the bearing. This work provides a reliable way of dynamic performance prediction and seismic mitigation study of nonlinear bridge bearing under earthquake excitations given any complex experimental hysteresis curve.
The construction of cyborg bodies: fact, fantasy and the cyborg continuum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores the construction of cyborg bodies and the connections between cyborgs in science fiction and in the real world. Using the concept of the cyborg continuum to represent a range of technologies which integrate the artificial and the organic, this thesis contributes to a grounded liberatory feminist cyborg discourse that empowers us in relation to our increasingly technologized bodies, and that also promotes responsible social change. This research focuses on the connections between people who have artificial joints, their quality of life and daily experiences (i.e. total hip or knee replacements), and the artificially-intelligent cyborgs of science fiction. Common issues arising in both fact and fiction include power, control, and identity. Science fiction can be valuable in extrapolating these issues for the benefit of those who integrate increasingly more artificial parts into their bodies and the bodies of others. While the research participants in this thesis had no such crisis of identity or question of their humanity as the fictitious cyborgs faced, there are different reasons for creating cyborgs. Artificial joints are used to alleviate pain and improve mobility, whereas artificially-intelligent cyborgs are constructed to serve their creators. The connection is in the degree to which people can control what happens to their bodies and the argument that identification as "human" may derive from the recognition and respect for the range of possibilities and lived experience of others, which in turn, promotes social change.
Analysis of the Availability of Green Open Space in Absorbing CO2 Gas Emissions in Somba OPU District, Gowa Regency

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Somba Opu sub-district is an urban area with high population activity, this can contribute to global warming due to greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of green open space in absorbing CO2 gas emissions and provide direction for its development. The analysis method used is based on the 2006 IPCC guidelines by calculating emissions and analyzing the absorption capacity of vegetation in green open spaces. The calculation results show that green open space has not been able to absorb all CO2 gas emissions produced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop green open space with a focus on adding vegetation because it is able to absorb CO2 gas emissions in order to support efforts to mitigate climate change and improve environmental quality
Excitation of a Three-Dimensionally Localized Atomic Electron Wave Packet

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have prepared an atomic electron in a three-dimensionally localized wave packet that travels along a highly eccentric orbit between the nucleus and a turning point approximately 1000 \AA{} away. State preparation consisted of two distinct steps. First the electron wave function was localized to the desired orbit by exciting a stationary extreme Stark state from the $n\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}30$ manifold of a sodium atom in a dc electric field. Then the dynamic wave packet was formed by applying a terahertz electromagnetic half-cycle pulse polarized along the direction of the dc field. The localized state is an ideal starting point for further quantum control proceeding along classical orbits.
THE PURPOSE AND TASKS OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE SOLUTIONS OF TOURIST ROUTES IN UZBEKISTAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the technologies of development of tourist routes, their integral connection with the landscape and road systems, the main concepts were defined and the terminological apparatus was formed. The concept of "tourist route" is defined, the interpretation of the terms "tourist route" and "tourist roads", types of tourist routes and their formation are studied. Planning of tourist routes should be organized in such a way as to create an opportunity to choose routes that effectively use available resources based on tourist routes. Tourist routes should be separated according to the purpose, topic (thematic), formation, transport affiliation, seasonality, territorial characteristics, different from tourist routes. On the other hand, it is explained that the tourist routes are considered as thematically distinct routes for tourists.
Longitudinal Insights Into Polydactyly‐Macrocephaly Syndrome: A Case Report of an Adult With a Recurrent MAX Variant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT As genetic sequencing technologies—particularly whole‐exome sequencing—have become readily accessible, their role has progressively shifted from identifying candidate genes for old or new syndromes to elucidating the etiology of ultra‐rare disorders, where the population of affected individuals is frequently scarce and challenging to study. A newly described syndromic disorder, Polydactyly‐Macrocephaly Syndrome (PMS), caused by a recurrent de novo variant in the MAX gene, has been reported in three individuals aged between 0 and 7 years. Here, we report a 19‐year‐old male with clinical follow‐ups in our genetics unit since birth who carries the same recurrent MAX gene variant, along with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as a concurrent condition. Our findings provide valuable longitudinal insights into PMS variable expressivity and natural history and reinforce the recurrence of the c.179G>A (p.Arg60Gln) variant in all cases reported so far.
Construction of Physical Education Teaching System in Colleges and Universities Based on the Concept of Lifelong Physical Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Physical education always undertakes the two core contents of physical quality education and comprehensive ability education in colleges and universities, helping students cultivate correct health awareness, promoting the improvement of students' physical functions and health levels, reflecting the importance and particularity of talent cultivation and national quality improvement in the stage of higher education. In the context of the continuous expansion of our national sports vision, the continuous promotion of national sports projects, and the continuous development of physical education in colleges and universities, the physical quality of college students is constantly declining. In response, this article has conducted a research on college physical education based on the concept of lifelong physical education, using changes in students' physique, learning efficiency, and innovation awareness as indicators to identify whether teaching methods are effective. Regular evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching methods can ensure the effectiveness and scientific of method innovation. To continuously enhance students' autonomy and enthusiasm, ensure that each student can receive reasonable physical exercise, and achieve their own healthy growth and development.
An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)–Based Intervention for an Adult Experiencing Post-Stroke Anxiety and Medically Unexplained Symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To date, there is little support for the use of any psychotherapy to address post-stroke anxiety. Similarly, there have been no trials of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for post-stroke anxiety, but clinician opinion suggests that an ACT approach may be effective in this context. In this case study, a high-functioning younger man with post-stroke anxiety and associated medically unexplained symptoms (chest pain and dizziness) was assessed and treated using an ACT approach. Mediators of change for both ACT (psychological flexibility) and cognitive therapy (illness perceptions) were recorded as were measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. By the end of treatment, the client was free of chest pain, had successfully returned to work, and had considerable reductions in anxiety, with smaller reductions in depression and stress. As outcomes improved, concomitant changes in psychological flexibility and illness perceptions were observed. The potential benefits offered by an ACT approach to post-stroke anxiety are discussed.
Generation and characterization of a live, bivalent vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus and Ebola virus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by targeting and destroying CD4+ T cells via its Envelope protein (Env), while Ebola virus (EBOV) causes a lethal hemorrhagic fever and targets antigen presenting cells (APCs) via its glycoprotein (GP). There are no licensed vaccines for either virus, posing a problem particularly in Africa, where succumbing to EBOV or HIV is a grim reality. We hypothesized that a replication-competent HIV expressing GP as a replacement for Env will redirect the virus from CD4+ T cells toward antigen presenting cells and act as a live, bivalent vaccine to induce cellular and humoral immune responses against both pathogens, and confer protection against a lethal EBOV challenge in mice. Recombinant HIV-1 molecular clones containing different truncations of the GP gene to replace HIV gp120 were generated and used to rescue three GP-expressing vaccines, HIV-EBOV, HIV-EBOVΔ1, and HIV-EBOVΔ2. These demonstrated tropism for the monocyte cell line, THP-1, and decreased tropism for the CD4+ T cell line, SupT1. While all vaccines induced HIV p24- and GP-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cell responses, HIV-EBOVΔ1 and HIV-EBOVΔ2 induced the most robust responses at 21 days post-vaccination (dpv), respectively. While all vaccines induced total anti-p24 and anti-GP IgG responses, HIV-EBOVΔ1 induced the most robust responses at 42 dpv. HIV-EBOVΔ1 demonstrated the highest protective efficacy against lethal EBOV challenge, followed by HIV-EBOVΔ2 and HIV-EBOV, providing 83%, 67%, and 50% survival in mice, respectively. HIV-EBOVΔ1 shows promise as a protective vaccine against EBOV, but may require further optimization and characterization regarding its mechanism of action and ability to protect against HIV.