jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atomare und molekulare Prozesse in effusiven Sauerstoffatomquellen Entwicklung einer UHV-kompatiblen O-Atom Quelle

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This report documents efforts devoted towards the technical realization of a clean UHV-compatible oxygen atom source for the investigation of surface reactions. The first part of the paper consists of a review of the literature on the subject of generation and detection schemes of O atoms. The most encouraging technique for the above purpose is the generation of atoms by a microwave plasma discharge in molecular oxygen. A test discharge-tube made of quartz mounted in a HV vessel is described. It allows detection of O atoms by a modification of the well established titration method; i. e., relative concentrations of the atoms are measured via the chemiluminescence of NO_2 in reaction with NO. This is achieved in connection with two-dimensional CCD imaging. Furthermore, the effusive flow characteristics of the nozzle can be visualized using this approach. By varying the location of the microwave cavity, the wall recombination coefficients of O atoms on quartz are measured to 1.10&quot;-&quot;4 and compared with literature data. In addition, the temperature dependence of O atom recombination has been determined by using a heatable pyrex reactor. Based on these measurements, a new type of discharge-tube has been constructed out of quartz which is based on the expansion of the atoms through a nozzle orifice of 0.1 mm diameter. This allows operation at very low flows of molecular oxygen, making the design compatible with pumping capabilities of standard UHV apparatus. The degree of dissociation was determined by mass spectrometric measurements. A typical value of close to 30% was measured for the dgree of dissociation at total flows of oxygen between 0.01 and 0.05 sccm. (orig.)
Creating the Cahokian community: The power of place in early Mississippian sociopolitical dynamics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study is an examination of how sociopolitical change occurs, particularly the formation of large scale polities from culturally diverse populations. Drawing on Benedict Anderson’s concept of “imagined communities” and recent developments in archaeological theory, particularly agency and practice theory, I contend that the social construction of space and community identities at multiple scales were instrumental in the creation of the Cahokia polity in the American Bottom region of southwestern Illinois around A.D. 1050. \nIn this study, I employ a multi-scalar perspective that includes detailed analyses of material culture, architecture, and spatial organization at five sites located in the American Bottom floodplain near the monumental Mississippian site of Cahokia. All five sites include occupations dating to the Mississippian Transition (A.D. 975–1100) which spans the Terminal Late Woodland Lindeman and Edelhardt phases (A.D. 1000–1050) and the early Mississippian Lohmann phase (A.D. 1050–1100). The mapping, geophysical survey, excavation, and material analyses for each of these sites combined with regional comparisons using a Geographic Information System provide evidence for changes in the construction of space, movement of people into and around the region, and the simultaneous dissolution of local communities and the construction of a large–scale community identity centered on Cahokia.
Introduction: Marcuse, the Utopian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Eros and Revolution, Javier Sethness Castro presents a comprehensive intellectual and political biography of the critical theorist Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), investigating the Hegelian-Marxist, Romantic, existentialist, social-psychological, and anti-authoritarian dimensions of his thought, as well as his contemporary relevance.
Label management: Keeping complex diagrams usable

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most visual languages are not purely graphical but include textual labels to complete the picture. However, in some languages labels tend to become rather long and thereby enlarge diagrams considerably. Since today's state-of-the-art development tools usually display diagrams in full detail, users must often scroll through the diagram or zoom out until the diagram fits inside the available drawing area, but then ceases to be legible. In this paper, we address this problem by examining ways to dynamically shorten the text of labels to keep the size of a diagram manageable. We introduce a number of label shortening strategies, explain ways to integrate them into diagram generation processes based on automatic layout algorithms, and explain their relation to the established focus and context approach which aims at solving a similar problem. We evaluate our strategies based on the SCChart visual language and an open-source, Eclipse-based modeling environment.
Kojistatin A, a New Cysteine Protease Inhibitor Produced byAspergillus oryzae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new cysteine protease inhibitor, named kojistatin A, was found in the extract of a solid culture of Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 20386. The structure of kojistatin A was determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Kojistatin A specifically inhibited cysteine proteases such as papain, ficin, and bromelain.
Interrelated family-building behaviors: Cohabitation, marriage, and nonmarital conception

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 are used to estimate a series of models of entry into marriage, entry into cohabitation, and nonmarital pregnancy. Our models account explicitly for the endogeneity of one outcome as a predictor of another by taking into account both heterogeneity across individuals due to unmeasured factors that may affect all these outcomes and the correlation in the unmeasured factors across processes. We find that these heterogeneity components are strongly and positively related across the outcomes. Women who are more likely to cohabit, marry, or become pregnant while unmarried are also more likely to do each of the others. Although black and white women differ in the likelihood of these behaviors, the interrelations of the behaviors are quite similar across groups.
Socioeconomic Differentials of the Aged on Queensland's Gold Coast: Why Education Matters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a socioeconomic study of Gold Coast aged residents to explore their access to private resources (wealth, health and social network) by focusing on individual characteristics (gender and education). The analysis tests the hypothesis that socioeconomic differentials exist between men and women aged 65 and over, by conducting a household survey of 401 residents in 1999. Issues specific to Queensland's Gold Coast (e.g. length of residence and accommodation type) were also investigated. The analyses revealed that when segregated into single-person and couple households, more single women were economically disadvantaged than single men, but more single men were found to be socially disadvantaged than single women. Education was significant in explaining socioeconomic differentials in both household types and explained some of the gender differences in single-person households.
Effect of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion on cognitive function in uremic patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe cognition function in uremic patients and the changes of cognition function after hemodialysis and hemoperfusion associated with hemodialysis.Methods Totally 66 patients were randomly divided into hemodialysis group and hemoperfusion associated with hemodialysis group.Treatment related laboratory index after the basic and using cognitive ability test software testing,before and after treatment all use life QLQ-C30 treatment evaluation.Results Compared with maintaining control,after treatment in PTH,beta 2-MG,CRP decreased obviously,two groups of comparisons are statistically significant difference(P0.05).And in Scr,maintaining dropped significantly better than that of the control group(P0.01).In comparison with maintaining control arithmetic,digital,working memory,low scoring with significant difference meaning(P0.05).Two groups after treatment,body,roles,emotional,cognitive and social functions and overall health score significantly increased,and the average difference were significant(P0.05 or P0.01),maintaining a control group were more obvious improvement(P0.05).The two groups after treating fatigue,anorexia,difficulty breathing,cough,pain,the symptom score is reduced,before treatment group(P0.05 or P0.01),among them,in improving fatigue,anorexia aspects more advantages than control group(P0.05).Conclusions Cognition function was abnormal in most uremic patients.Blood purification,especially hemoperfusion associated with hemodialysis,improves cognition function in these patients.
BI19 SCAR: more than just a mark on the skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a delayed onset of hypersensitivity reactions, occurring days to weeks after exposure to a causative drug in predisposed individuals. Here, we present the case of a 34-year-old female patient with DIHS that demonstrated an uncommon response to initial high-dose immunosuppression. The patient was admitted to hospital with an erythematous, maculopapular rash affecting the abdomen and chest, having undergone three cycles of ipilimumab/nivolumab immunotherapy for pT4a N1 malignant melanoma of the anal canal. The rash rapidly progressed to involve 90% of the body surface area within a matter of days. Concurrently, blood investigations revealed an acute liver injury and thyrotoxicosis. Notably, eosinophil levels were within normal limits. A skin biopsy displayed features consistent with DIHS, including interface dermatitis and basal vacuolar degeneration. Initial management involved intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil following guidelines for acute liver injury. However, the patient’s skin deteriorated further and became dusky, despite high-dose immunosuppression. Her liver function also continued to decline. Following discussion with the hepatology unit, it was determined that the patient exhibited an atypical resistance to significant doses of immunosuppression, posing a unique challenge in the management of DIHS. After literature review and discussion with a DIHS specialist, treatment was transitioned to ciclosporin. Remarkably, within days of ciclosporin initiation, the patient demonstrated notable improvement in both cutaneous manifestations and liver function. This case underscores the complexity in managing DIHS, particularly when confronted with an unexpected lack of response to conventional high-dose immunosuppressive regimens. Currently there is a lack of formal clinical guidance regarding the management of complex cases of DIHS. This case highlights the challenges posed to clinicians when faced with such scenarios.
Low-Cost Monitoring and Intruders Detection Using Wireless Video Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing interest in the use of video sensor networks in surveillance applications in order to detect intruders with low cost. The essential concern of such networks is whether or not a specified target can pass or intrude the monitored region without being detected. This concern forms a serious challenge to wireless video sensor networks of weak computation and battery power. In this paper, our aim is to prolong the whole network lifetime while fulfilling the surveillance application needs. We present a novel scheduling algorithm where only a subset of video nodes contributes significantly to detect intruders and prevent malicious attacker to predict the behavior of the network prior to intrusion. Our approach is chaos based, where every node based on its last detection, a hash value and some pseudorandom numbers easily compute a decision function to go to sleep or active mode. We validate the efficiency of our approach through theoretical analysis and demonstrate the benefits of our scheduling algorithm by simulations. Results show that in addition to being able to increase the whole network lifetime and to present comparable results against random attacks (low stealth time), our scheme is also able to withstand malicious attacks due to its fully unpredictable behavior.
Research, Development, and Engineering Metrics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We seek to understand how the use of Research, Development, and Engineering (R,D&E) metrics can lead to more effective management of R,D&E. This paper combines qualitative and quantitative research to understand and improve the use of R,D&E metrics. Our research begins with interviews of 43 representative Chief Technical Officers, Chief Executive Offices, and researchers at 10 research-intensive international organizations. These interviews, and an extensive review of the literature, provide qualitative insights. Formal mathematical models attempt to explore these qualitative insights based on more general principles. Our research suggests that metrics-based evaluation and management vary according to the characteristics of the R,D&E activity. For applied projects, we find that project selection can be based on market-outcome metrics when firms use central subsidies to account for short-termism, risk aversion, and scope. With an efficient form of subsidies known as “tin-cupping,” the business units have the incentives to choose the projects that are in the firm's best long-term interests. For core-technological development, longer time delays and more risky programs imply that popular R,D&E effectiveness metrics lead researchers to select programs that are not in the firm's long-term interest. Our analyses suggest that firms moderate such market-outcome metrics by placing a larger weight on metrics that attempt to measure research effort more directly. These metrics include standard measures such as publications, citations, patents, citations to patents, and peer review. For basic research, the issues shift to getting the right people and encouraging a breadth of ideas. Unfortunately, metrics that identify the “best people” based on research success lead directly to “not-invented-here” behaviors. Such behaviors result in research empires that are larger than necessary, but lead to fewer ideas. We suggest that firms use “research tourism” metrics, which encourage researchers to take advantage of research spillovers from universities, other industries, and, even, competitors.
Deriving a new domain decomposition method for the Stokes equations using the Smith factorization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the Smith factorization is used systematically to derive a new domain decomposition method for the Stokes problem. In two dimensions the key idea is the transformation of the Stokes problem into a scalar bi-harmonic problem. We show, how a proposed domain decomposition method for the bi-harmonic problem leads to a domain decomposition method for the Stokes equations which inherits the convergence behavior of the scalar problem. Thus, it is sufficient to study the convergence of the scalar algorithm. The same procedure can also be applied to the three-dimensional Stokes problem. As transmission conditions for the resulting domain decomposition method of the Stokes problem we obtain natural boundary conditions. Therefore it can be implemented easily. A Fourier analysis and some numerical experiments show very fast convergence of the proposed algorithm. Our algorithm shows a more robust behavior than Neumann-Neumann or FETI type methods.
Optimizing Survey Design for Determining Age Structure of Fish Stocks: an Example from British Columbia Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sampling commercial catches of fishes is considered for the first time from the viewpoint of survey statistics. The determination of the age-structure of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) is approached as a multistage subsampling problem. Optimum allocation of sampling resources is obtained by minimizing the product of total cost and total variance. Optimal survey designs are analyzed for a variety of reasonable cost structures for all age-classes. The most reasonable design that applies to all areas of the coast is to use a two-stage design, including a single sample of about 60 aged fish per vessel. The number of vessels to sample is a function of the required precision and available resources.
Group 4 Metallocene Complexes of Disilenes, Digermenes, and a Silagermene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reactions of 1,2-dipotassiotetrakis(trimethylsilyl)disilane with group 4 metallocene dichlorides lead to the formation of the respective metallocene 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)disilene complexes. While the disilene titanocene complex could be structurally characterized, the zirconocene and hafnocene compounds, which are believed to possess some degree of bis-[bis(trimethylsilyl)silylene] character, can only be isolated in substance as the respective trimethylphosphane adducts. Analogous metallocene 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)digermene complexes and a tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silagermene complex were prepared. Instead of metallocene 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)distannene complexes, four-membered rings composed of a metallocene and three bis(trimethylsilyl)stannylene units were obtained.
Chemico-genetic strategies to inhibit the leukemic potential of threonine aspartase-1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene with numerous partner genes are frequently found in acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although the pathomechanism of t(4;11)-mediated leukemia is still discussed, expression of the AF4•MLL fusion enhanced the repopulating potential of CD34+-cells, and led to the development of predominantly proB-ALL in a mouse model. The AF4•MLL protein contains cleavage-sites for Threonine Aspartase-1 (Taspase1). Upon processing by Taspase1, the AF4•MLL cleavage products form a protein complex resistant to SIAH-mediated degradation and activate oncogenic programs. Furthermore, Taspase1 is overexpressed in liquid and solid human cancers suggesting that Taspase1 is coopted to promote and sustain tumorigenesis. As genetic deletion of Taspase1 in the mouse produced no overt deﬁciencies, inhibition of Taspase1 may offer novel anticancer strategies, including the treatment of leukemias. Human Taspase1 encodes a protease of 420 amino acids (aa) cleaving substrates in trans by recognizing a conserved peptide motif (Q3[F,I,L,V]2D1↓G1’x2’D3’D4’). Unfortunately, Taspase1’s activity is not affected by common protease inhibitors, currently precluding the assessment of its clinical and therapeutic relevance. Here, we present our endeavors to target Taspase1’s oncogenic potential by (i) overexpression of inactive Taspase1 variants, and (ii) testing a putative Taspase1 inhibitor.
Proximal paraparesis following spinal anesthesia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 70-year-old man with prostatic cancer extending to the urinary bladder underwent transurethral resection of the bladder neck under spinal anesthesia and developed weakness of the proximal lower limbs a few hours after the procedure. The weakness persisted for several months. Because there were no local surgical complications (hematoma, infectious epiduritis, abscess) or bone metastases responsible for nerve root or spinal cord compression, a causal relation between the neurologic deficit and the spinal anesthesia was considered likely. Neurologic deficits are uncommon after spinal anesthesia and can be produced by complications of the surgical procedure (direct nerve injury, hematoma, abscess), arachnoiditis, neurotoxicity of disinfectants or of preservatives added to solutions of anesthetic drugs, or spinal cord ischemia. Precipitating factors for spinal cord ischemia include faulty patient position during the procedure, intraoperative arterial hypotension and injection of vasoconstricting agents.
Case Report Parathyroid Adenoma with Prominent Lymphocytic Infiltrate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2015 Alexandros Iliadis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Only very few previously reported cases of pronounced lymphocytic infiltration in parathyroid adenoma can be found in the English medical literature. The objective of this report is to present such a rare case and to investigate to a certain extent the immunohistochemical profile of this rare histologic observation. The lymphoid cell population within the tumour was composed of nodule-forming B-cells and different subsets of infiltrating T-cells and caused minimal destruction of neoplastic tissue. 1.
Tandem transcoding without distortion accumulation for vector quantization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transcoding algorithms that eliminate distortion accumulation due to tandem transcodings between memoryless, finite-state, and predictive vector quantization and pulse code modulation (PCM) are presented. The algorithms can be implemented using table lookups for memoryless and finite-state vector quantization, whereas predictive vector quantization requires online calculations. Computer simulations indicate a 6 dB improvement in the case of 16 kb/s predictive vector quantizers, 48 kb/s PCM, and four tandems for speech.< >
Utilizing mobile-learning and CAP(E) lesson framework in improving the productive skills of learners in a hybrid environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Research advocates for the use of good teaching practices and approaches while integrating technology in digitally enhanced learning. This is on the premise that previous studies on mobile learning have neglected this aspect of technology integration resulting in numerous challenges. Moreover, there is evidence in the literature showing a scarcity of studies on the use of mobile learning in teaching productive skills. On the other hand, linguists recommend the use of responsive lesson design frameworks in language teaching, claiming effectiveness in teaching all language skills. However, responsive lesson design frameworks are yet to be implemented in a classroom setting. To bridge these gaps in scientific literature, our study decides to utilize the CAPE framework as a good teaching method for improving the productive skills of students in mobile-based instruction. Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes a mixed-methods research design with an experimental approach. Post-tests and interviews were employed to elicit information from the student-participants on the objective of the study. Findings Following the analysis of the collected data, notable findings were obtained. While there was evidence to show that the students perceived m-learning as boring and ineffective when incorporated with a traditional lesson framework, our study unveiled that students showed a different perception when incorporated with the CAPE framework. Practical implications Our study unveils that integrating responsive lesson frameworks with m-learning improves the speaking and writing skills of students. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence to show the role of good teaching practices like integrating responsive LDFs and mobile learning in improving the productive skills of students. This study is the first to investigate the integration of CAPE and mobile learning in enhancing expressive skills.