jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mandatory Weight Loss During the Wait For Bariatric Surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mandatory presurgical, behavior-induced weight loss, although not standard, is a relatively common practice among bariatric surgical clinics. We explore the patient’s experience of this practice using phenomenology. We gathered experiential accounts from 7 individuals waiting to have the procedure at a large publically funded clinic in western Canada. In writing this article, we focused on four phenomenological themes: “just nod your head and carry on”—silencing through the ideal; waiting and weighing—promoting weight consciousness to the weight conscious; paying for surgical approval through weight loss; and presurgical weight loss and questioning the need for weight loss surgery altogether. We contrast the experiential findings with the clinical literature to question the impact and possible (unintended or unexpected) effects the practice might have, particularly on patients’ lives. We situate this article within a larger discussion about the possible contribution of experiential knowledge to clinical guidelines, practices, and pedagogies.
Blind Video Deflickering by Neural Filtering with a Flawed Atlas

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many videos contain flickering artifacts; common causes of flicker include video processing algorithms, video generation algorithms, and capturing videos under specific situations. Prior work usually requires specific guidance such as the flickering frequency, manual annotations, or extra consistent videos to remove the flicker. In this work, we propose a general flicker removal framework that only receives a single flickering video as input without additional guidance. Since it is blind to a specific flickering type or guidance, we name this 'blind deflickering.' The core of our approach is utilizing the neural atlas in cooperation with a neural filtering strategy. The neural atlas is a unified representation for all frames in a video that provides temporal consistency guidance but is flawed in many cases. To this end, a neural network is trained to mimic a filter to learn the consistent features (e.g., color, brightness) and avoid introducing the artifacts in the atlas. To validate our method, we construct a dataset that contains diverse real-world flickering videos. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves satisfying deflickering performance and even outperforms baselines that use extra guidance on a public benchmark. The source code is publicly available at https://chenyanglei.github.io/deflicker. © 2023 IEEE.
Mental Health Interventions in Special Education Schools

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Children in special education schools are particularly susceptible to developing mental health issues. Specifically, it is estimated that 40% of individuals with intellectual disabilities have a comorbid mental disorder diagnosis (1). However, access to mental health services for patients with intellectual disabilities remains far below expectations. Numerous barriers impede this access, including a lack of coordination between professionals and service providers responsible for their care (2). Therefore, interventions within special education schools, promoting early detection and intervention for psychopathology and facilitating coordination between educational and healthcare services, are critically important. We present an innovative mental health care resource designed for special education schools in the Community of Madrid, Spain. This initiative combines multi-disciplinary expertise with flexible, hybrid care delivery to ensure accessibility for students across 14 public schools. The team consists of a psychiatrist, a clinical psychologist, and a mental health nurse who provide both in-person and remote assistance, addressing the psychopathology exhibited by their students. Preliminary results suggest that this intervention has the potential to improve early detection rates of mental health issues and foster better coordination between education and healthcare systems. This model could serve as a blueprint for similar programs worldwide, addressing significant gaps in mental health care for children with intellectual disabilities. References (1) Cooper, S. A., Smiley, E., Morrison, J., Williamson, A., & Allan, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022483 (2) Whittle, E. L., Fisher, K. R., Reppermund, S., Lenroot, R., & Trollor, J. (2017). Barriers and enablers to accessing mental health services for people with intellectual disability: A scoping review. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(1), 69–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2017.1408724 Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Modalities Part 1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Thermotherapy consists of application of heat or cold (cryotherapy) for the purpose of changing the cutaneous, intra-articular, and core temperature of soft tissue with the intention of improving the symptoms of certain conditions. Thermotherapy is a useful adjunct for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and soft tissue injuries. Thermotherapy can be used in rehabilitation facilities or at home. The goal of thermotherapy is to alter tissue temperature in a targeted region over time for the purpose of inducing a desired biological response. The primary goal of any thermal modality is to facilitate the rehabilitation plan of regaining maximal function. Heating agents are classified as superficial or deep heating. Cryotherapy is the therapeutic application of cold in rehabilitation and physical therapy. Cryotherapy can be used throughout the rehabilitative process to mitigate negative effects of inflammatory responses.
Preclinical Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Profile of a Glycine Transporter Type 1 (Glyt1) Inhibitor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bitopertin is a glycine type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor intended for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The principle adverse effect in the regulatory reproductive toxicity studies was peri‐natal pup death when rat dams were treated during parturition at a dose resulting in five‐times the human therapeutic exposure (AUC). Cessation of dosing two days before parturition prevented the pup deaths. Investigatory experiments and pharmacokinetic modelling suggested that the neonatal mortality was related to transplacental passage of bitopertin leading to high systemic levels in the newborn pups. Brain levels of bitopertin in the rat fetus and neonate were two‐fold higher than in the mother. As illustrated by knock‐out mice models, GlyT1 function is essential for neonatal pup survival in rodents, but is not necessary for normal prenatal morphological development. The glycine transport systems are immature at birth in the rat, but are functionally well‐developed in the human newborn. While the relevance to humans of the neonatal mortality seen in rats following late gestational exposure is unknown, bitopertin would not be recommended for use during late pregnancy unless the anticipated benefit for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the newborn.
Theory and Practice of Marine Regional Management in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of marine economy in coastal provinces and cities, there comes a series of environmental problems. Marine regional management, as a completely new marine management mode, transforms traditional management mode and can protect marine ecosystem. Thus, the marine regional management is feasible and applicable in China. This paper firstly discussed connotation and development of the marine regional management in China and pointed that the marine regional management is integrated management of a certain marine region. Next, it summarized characteristics of the marine regional management at current stage, for example, land-based pollution of trans-geographic system and marine management under regional government cooperative mechanism. Finally, it came up with recommendations including combining theory and practice of the marine regional management, and establishing marine regional management system as soon as possible, to realize benign interaction and sustainable development of marine economy and ecological environment.
Comparison of Ion-Selective Electrode and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to Determine Iodine in Milk-Based Nutritional Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The performances of 2 official methods for iodine analysis based on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the ion-selective electrode (ISE) method were compared for milk-based products. The aim of the study was to determine the performance characteristics of both methods to check the labeled concentration of iodine. Good precision was found for both methods with highest relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) at 2.3 and 2.7 for ISE and ICP-MS, respectively. Intermediate reproducibility (RSDiR), single laboratory within 6 different days, was also good with the highest values at 7.3 and 8 by ISE and ICP-MS, respectively. Measurement uncertainty was estimated based on the RSDiR data, and it was concluded that both methods were capable of determining iodine concentrations within an uncertainty below 20. The accuracy of the methods was determined by analyzing certified reference materials, in-house proficiency test samples, and commercial products. Both methods returned similar results when applied on freshly opened samples. In samples that had been opened and kept exposed to air during storage, ISE returned lower iodine concentrations than ICP-MS. In commercial samples, the linear regression between both methods was ISE 0.95 ICP-MS 0.060 for freshly opened samples and ISE 0.85 ICP-MS 0.069 for samples exposed to air. The tendency of ISE to return lower results than ICP-MS is explained by the fact that ISE is sensitive to iodide but does not measure iodine that may be bound organically to the matrix. This seems to be more pronounced in samples that were stored longer. Because in most countries iodine is labeled as total iodine, acceptance of an international standard based on the ICP-MS technique which takes all forms of iodine into account, is recommended. This would help to avoid any potential dispute on the accuracy of labeled iodine concentrations in finished products.
Th17 Cells Contribute to Viral Replication in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Acute Viral Myocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is characterized by virus-triggered myocardial inflammation, and Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary pathogen. We previously proved that Th17 cells, besides having proinflammatory effects, were involved in AVMC by enhancing humoral response. However, the relationship between Th17 cells and CVB3 replication remains unknown. In this experiment, we infected BALB/c mice with CVB3 for establishing AVMC models and then found that, with the increase of viral replication, the expressions of splenic Th17 cells, serum IL-17, and cardiac IL-17 mRNA were elevated significantly, accompanied by the progressive cardiac injuries of AVMC. Furthermore, on day 5, the peak time for viral replication, correlation was positive between cardiac IL-17 mRNA and CVB3 RNA (correlation index = 0.835; p &lt; 0.01). Although the expressions of Th1 and CD8+ T cells, which could secrete the antiviral cytokine IFN-γ and damage the heart, were also elevated, along with Th17 cells, in AVMC, the neutralization of IL-17 further upregulated the percentages of splenic Th1 and CD8+ T cells and the levels of cardiac IFN-γ mRNA. The cardiac pathological changes were obviously improved after neutralization, with reduced viral replication followed by decreases in the cardiac inflammatory cytokines IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These data suggest that Th17 cells contribute to CVB3 replication in AVMC, and that IL-17 might be an important target for regulating the balance of antiviral immunities.
Electromyographic and Immunoserlogical Studies on the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome coming after Myocardial Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present report is to investigate the pathogenesis of the shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) coming after myocardial infarction and frequent anginal attacks. Methods The incidence, onset, sex difference, age and the site of infarction were observed as for the cases of myocardial infarction and coronary insufficiency accompanied by SHS, admitted to The 2nd Tokyo National Hospital during past 5 years. EMG were recorded in 14 myocardial infarction and 2 coronary insufficiency cases followed by SHS concerning the following muscles ; Mm. trapezius, deltoideus, biceps brach., triceps brach., brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, abductor digiti quinti, flexor pollicis brev., and extensor pollicis brev.. Moreover, complement fixation reaction (CFR) for the antigen of necrotic heart muscle and cervical cord died from myocardial infarction, electrophoresis and immuno-electrophoresis were attempted in 15 SHS cases. On the other had, to clarify the pathogenesis, animal experiments were performed. Myocardial infarction was artificially made by ligation of the branch of coronary arteries in 55 rabbits. ECG, EMG, evoked EMG, gel diffusion test (Ouchterlony's method) and CFR against the antigen of necrotic heart muscle and involved cervical cord were followed up in these rabbits before and every 2 weeks after the infarction. Then, they were exsanguinated from 4 to 8 weeks after the infarction and pathological studies and immunological studies with fluorescent antibody technique were attempted in these excised section preparation of ischemic heart muscle and cervical cord. Anti-rabbit γ-globulin goat serum conjugated with Fluorescein isothiocyanate was used in that technique and blocking test was simultaneously carried out with unlabelled anti-rabbit γ-globulin goat serum.
Cessation of cell elongation in rye coleoptiles is accompanied by a loss of cell-wall plasticity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mechanism by which endogenous cessation of coleoptile elongation after emergence of the primary leaf is brought about was investigated in rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) that were either grown in darkness or irradiated with continuous white light. In 3-d-old etiolated (growing) coleoptiles a turgor pressure of 0.59 MPa was measured. In 6-d-old coleoptiles, which had ceased to elongate, cell turgor was 0.51 MPa and thus only 13% lower than in the rapidly growing organ. Hence, the driving force for growth (turgor) is largely maintained. Cell-wall plasticity (Epl) and elasticity (EQl were determined with a constant load extensiometer both in vivo (turgid coleoptile segments) and in vitro (frozen-thawed samples). Cessation of coleoptile elongation was correlated with a 95% reduction in Epl9 whereas EQl was only slightly affected. Extension kinetics were measured with living and frozen-thawed segments cut from growing and non-growing coleoptiles. The corresponding stress-strain (load-extension) curves indicate that the cell wall of the growing coleoptile behaves like an elastic-plastic material whereas that of the non-growing organ shows the behaviour of an elastic solid. These data demonstate that Epl represents a true plastic (irreversible) deformation of the cell wall. It is concluded that cessation of coleoptile growth after emergence of the primary leaf is attributable to a loss of cell-wall plasticity. Hence, a mechanical stiffening of the cell wall and not a loss of turgor pressure may be responsible for the deceleration of cell elongation in the rye coleoptile.
Effects of wounding and inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on isoflavone concentrations in soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Isoflavones play an important role in the defense response of soybean to pathogen attack. They are involved in nodulation of legumes and are associated with human health benefits including the prevention of heart disease and cancers. Concentrations of the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, the glucoside conjugates daidzin, genistin and glycitin, the acetylglucoside conjugates acetyldaidzin, acetylgenistin, and acetylglycitin, and the malonylglucoside conjugates malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, and malonylglycitin were determined in ovendried leaves of 12 soybean cultivars whose stems were (i) non-wounded, non-inoculated (NWNI), (ii) wounded, non-inoculated (WNI), and (iii) wounded and inoculated (WI) with mycelia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal fungus of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among cultivars in concentrations of isoflavones and their conjugates in all wounding treatments. Concentrations of the aglycones daidzein and genistein were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in WI than in WNI and NWNI plants in all cultivars. Glycitein and its conjugates were detected only in some cultivars in much lower concentrations than daidzein and genistein and their conjugates. Concentrations of total daidzein in the 12 cultivars ranged from 68 to 491, 174 to 781, and 282 to 553 µg g -1 dry weight in NWNI, WNI, and WI plants, respectively. Concentrations of total genistein ranged from 128 to 427, 290 to 840, and 296 to 759 µg g -1 dry weight in NWNI, WNI, and WI plants, respectively. Concentrations of total glycitein ranged from 0 to 44, 0 to 13, and 0 to 24 µg g -1 dry weight in NWNI, WNI, and WI plants, respectively. In NWNI plants, the cultivar Corsoy 79 ranked in the top two (rank 1 = highest concentration, rank 12 = lowest concentration) in concentrations of daidzein and genistein and their conjugates except genistin (ninth rank). In WNI plants, Parker ranked first in concentrations of all conjugates of daidzein and genistein whereas Corsoy 79 consistently ranked in the top four in concentrations of the two isoflavones and their conjugates. In WI plants, Parker ranked first in concentrations of all conjugates of daidzein and genistein except acetyldaidzin (second rank), S19-90 ranked in the top five in concentrations of all conjugates of daidzein and genistein, whereas Corsoy 79 ranked in the top five in concentrations of daidzein and genistein and all of their conjugates. The results from this study suggest that soybean cultivars differ in concentrations of constitutive or induced isoflavones and in their ability to accumulate isoflavones following wounding and/or infection by S. sclerotiorum. Key words: Isoflavones, soybean, leaves, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, wounding, HPLC
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultraviolent (UV) solar radiation is considered to be the dominant risk factor for development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The development of BCC is thought to arise from intense, intermittent sun exposure leading to burns. Identifying patients with high-risk factors for developing BCC includes chronic immunosuppression, exposure to ionizing radiation, and certain genetic syndromes. Primary treatment goals of BCC include cure of tumor with maximal preservation of function. Although rarely metastatic, BCC can produce substantial local destruction. Treatment modalities can be divided into surgical and nonsurgical therapies, although surgical therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Superficial therapies, such as topical imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, or cryotherapy, may be effective for anatomically challenging locations where surgery or radiation is contraindicated, but the cure rates of these approaches are lower compared with surgery. Recent FDA-approved hedgehog pathway inhibitors include vismodegib and sonidegib for patients who have exhausted surgical and radiation options for treating advanced BCC. This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables, and 25 references. Key words: cryosurgery, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Mohs micrographic surgery, pathologic risk factors, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, surgical margins, topical therapies
2009: Underwriting, Mortgage Lending, and House Prices: 1996–2008

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Underwriting standards for residential mortgages (henceforth: underwriting) are now generally regarded as having been unusually lax during the mid-2000s. Underwriting then tightened up again during the financial crisis that began in 2007. The laxity of underwriting and its ensuing tightness since the mid-1990s likely contributed considerably to the unprecedented rise and subsequent fall of mortgage volumes and house prices.
[Endoscopic nasobiliary and nasopancreatic drainage contributing to healing of duodenal ulcer perforation: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 75-year-old man with vomiting and right abdominal pain was admitted to the Department of Surgery in our hospital. With a diagnosis of perforated duodenal ulcer, he was treated conservatively. On the day 8 of hospitalization, his general condition worsened and he underwent surgery. During operation, the perforated duodenal ulcer and paraduodenal fluid collection was observed, and percutaneous drainage was accordingly established. After this procedure, renal dysfunction was exacerbated and he was transferred to our department for endoscopic treatment. On day 28 of hospitalization, nasobiliary and nasopancreatic drainage was administered. Renal dysfunction gradually improved, and healing of the perforated duodenal ulcer was recognized on day 93. On day 112, the patient was discharged.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with abundant intracytoplasmic eosinophilic fine granular hyaline droplets. An autopsy case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

71歳,男性の萎縮性輪状肝硬変に合併した肝細胞癌の1剖検例において,微細顆粒状の硝子滴(eosinophilic fine granular hyaline droplet; HD)を充満した腫瘍細胞群を認めた.このHDは,光顕的にMallory小体や球状硝子体とは明らかに異なり,個々の顆粒の大きさは1μm前後で,H & E染色では,好酸性かつ光輝性を示し,特殊染色ではorcein染色,victoria blue染色で夫々濃染し,rhodanine染色陰性であり,免疫組織化学的にHmBsAgは陰性であった.パラフィンブロック資料からの電顕的観察では,HDはさまざまな大きさ(平均70nm)のelectron denseな数十～数百個の顆粒状構造物の集合体として認められた.分析電顕(Kevex, Hitachi-500 Total System)で,銅の存在は確認できなかった.多数の肝癌細胞に,このような特徴を有するHDを認めた症例は極めて稀であり,本邦での第1例として報告した.
Recovery of Residual Fertilizer‐N and Cotton Residue‐N by Acala and Pima Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Little is known about the availability of residual fertilizer‐N and cotton ( Gossypium spp.) residue‐N to subsequent crops. This study determined the effects of two soil types and N fertilization rates on the recovery of residual 15 N‐fertilizer and 15 N from labeled cotton residue in the soil and plants of subsequent cotton crops. Microplots in the San Joaquin Valley, California, on a Panoche clay loam [fine‐loamy, mixed (calcareous), thermic Typic Terriorthents] and a Wasco sandy loam (coarse‐loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Torriorthents) were used to trace the fate of 15 N from labeled aboveground cotton residue separately from the 15 N in roots and soil. Total 15 N‐fertilizer recovery in the second year after application averaged 5.8% for Acala ( G. hirsutum L.) and 2.9% for Pima ( G. barbadense L.) cotton. In the third year after application, total 15 N‐fertilizer recovered by Acala averaged 2.0% on the clay loam soil and 3.3% on the sandy loam. Most of this recovered 15 N‐fertilizer was cycled through soil pools and roots and only small amounts originated from labeled aboveground residue. Virtually all of the 15 N applied in the form of labeled aboveground residue and recovered in the soil was found in the top 0.3 m. The 15 N‐fertilizer which cycled through belowground pools was found mainly in the top 0.6 m of the soil. Recovery of residual 15 N‐fertilizer appears to contribute little to total cotton N uptake in the second and third crop after application.