jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increased Success of the Mexican Bean Beetle on Field‐Grown Soybeans Exposed to Sulfur Dioxide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Field‐planted ‘Hodgson’ soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were enclosed in screened cages and fumigated intermittently with SO 2 by means of a tube fumigation system. The concentration of SO 2 averaged 367 µ g m −3 for 191 h over a 68‐d period, giving a seasonal average of 42 µ g m −3 . One week after fumigation began, six pairs of newly emerged Mexican bean beetle adults ( Epilachna varivestis ) were introduced into each of the cages. In less than one generation time, the mean number of progeny from these beetles feeding on fumigated plants was 1.5 times greater than that of the beetles feeding on control plants. Larval growth was also significantly greater on the fumigated plants, especially for females. These crop × insect interactions which occur at low intermittent doses of SO 2 increase the potential impact of the insects on crop production.
Is Partial ACL Tear a Cause of Painful Swollen Knees?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objective: In this study, we will identify if partial ACL tear is a common hidden cause of chronic pain and swelling of the knee in adults. And we will evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic selective bundle reconstruction in the management of this condition. Background: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) has two anatomical bundles, the anteromedial (AM) and the posterolateral (PL), each bundle was named according to the site of its tibial insertion. [1] Partial ACL tear is evident and symptomatic when the percentage of the torn fibers is more than 50% of ligament fibers. AM bundle is more liable to injury than PL. [2] Symptomps of partial ACL tear may be giving way and instability but persistent knee pain and swelling is often present as the main presenting symptom of the patient due to micro-instability of the knee, The primary complication of longstanding partial ACL tears is early knee degeneration. [3] Patients and Methods: 37 patients with chronic knee pain and swelling, related to activity and resistant to non-operative treatment, underwent diagnostic knee arthroscopy. In 3 cases diagnostic arthroscopy revealed osteochondral ulcers of the medial compartment of the knee managed by drilling and 4 cases showed non-specific synovitis managed by arthroscopic synovectomy. 30 of these patients, who were included in this study, were found to suffer from partial ACL tear and underwent single bundle reconstruction, 18 of them underwent selective AM bundle reconstruction while preserving PL bundle. Twelve patients underwent selective PL bundle reconstruction with AM bundle preservation. Semitendinosus tendon graft was utilized for all reconstructions. The femoral side was always fixed with an adjustable loop (Zimmer), and the tibial side with a biodegradable interference screw. Lysholm score [4] was used to assess the outcomes. Patients with severe degenerative disorders, lower limb mal-alignment and multiple ligamentous injuries of the knee were excluded from our study. Results: Marked decrease in the knee pain and swelling postoperatively. The preoperative score had a mean value of 66.17±10.39. At 2 years, the postoperative score was 96.1±6.71, indicating a highly statistically significant improvement (P value 0.001). Hypothesis: Partial ACL tears are the commonest hidden cause of pain and swelling of the knee among young adults. Conclusion: Arthroscopic selective bundle reconstruction diminishes knee pain and swelling with a very satisfactory postoperative clinical outcomes.
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) at Sea: Performance Analysis of Offshore Data Transmission by Means of LoRaWAN Connectivity for Marine Monitoring Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the authors discuss the realization of a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network infrastructure to be employed for monitoring activities within the marine environment. In particular, transmission ranges as well as the assessment of parameters like Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) are analyzed in the specific context of an aquaculture industrial plant, setting up a transmission channel from an offshore monitoring structure provided with a LoRaWAN transmitter, to an ashore receiving device composed of two LoRaWAN Gateways. A theoretical analysis about the feasibility of the transmission is provided. The performances of the system are then measured with different network parameters (in particular the Spreading Factor—SF) as well as with two different heights for the transmitting antenna. Test results prove that efficient data transmission can be achieved at a distance of 8.33 km even using worst case network settings: this suggests the effectiveness of the system even in harsher environmental conditions, thus entailing a lower quality of the transmission channel, or for larger transmission ranges.
Organic Crystal Growth: Hierarchical Self-Assembly Involving Nonclassical and Classical Steps

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Organic crystal nucleation and growth are complex processes that often do not fit into the framework of the existing crystallization theories. We investigated a crystal growth mechanism of an organic dye, perylene diimide, using high-resolution cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. The elucidated mechanism involves classical (monomer attachments) and nonclassical pathways, exhibiting a self-assembly sequence where all steps are interconnected. It starts from the assembly of molecular π-stacks that are initially disordered. They gradually optimize their structure, rigidify, and interact to form crystalline domains. The latter further evolve via the addition of individual molecules, and crystal fusion (via oriented attachment). All the observed supramolecular transformations are connected and follow a clear hierarchy starting from the molecular-scale interactions. The elucidation of the complex pathway of organic crystallization as a series of coordinated supramolecular transformations at multiple scales conceptually advances the understanding of order evolution in organic matter.
Brain-based predictive modeling of mind-wandering and involuntary thought: the idiographic approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A substantial portion of waking life consists of mental experiences that arise involuntarily, including mind-wandering, spontaneous thought and rumination. Given that these experiences are fundamental to cognitive function and mental health, there has been growing scientific and clinical interest in using measures of brain activity to model and predict the momentary occurrence of these various forms of involuntary thought. In the most common machine learning approach in neuroimaging and electrophysiology research, model training data include neural features derived from a population of individuals, and testing is performed on held-out data in one or more individuals. However, sources of idiosyncrasy, such as individual differences in the nature of thought and brain functional organization, raise critical questions regarding whether population-derived neural models can generalize to individuals. In this article, we describe how an idiographic (person-specific) approach has potential to improve theory and practice in predictive neural modeling of involuntary thought. This approach emphasizes dense-sampling of individuals so that a diverse set of brain states and mental experiences can be modeled within a single individual, and rigorous tests of cross-subject generalizability can be performed. We review the advantages and shortcomings of both nomothetic (population-based) and idiographic predictive modeling approaches, including recent insights from dense-sampling neuroimaging studies that demonstrate person-specific brain-based predictions of mind-wandering. We discuss implications for developing personalized clinical biomarkers, strategies to overcome the practical challenges of an idiographic approach, and neuroethical concerns that must be considered as person-specific models may enhance the potential for accurate brain-based predictions of involuntary thought.
Incidence of birth detect in Yuzhong district,Chongqing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To understand the incidence of birth defect in Yuzhong district,Chongqing municipality and provide evidence for the etiological research and prevention and control of birth defect as well as pregestational counsel service. Methods Birth detect surveillance was conducted among the infants in Yuzhong district during 2005- 2012according to National birth defect surveillance protocol and Chongqing maternal and child health surveillance protocol. Results A total of 592 birth defect cases were detected among 34 494 infants,the incidence of birth defect was 17. 16‰. The first 3 birth defects were congenital heart disease,multi finger( toe) and cleft lip and palate.Conclusion Birth defect level and rank are closely related with prenatal screening and diagnosis. It is necessary to strengthen the health education,health care before marriage,maternal health care and improve prenatal screening and diagnosis to reduce the incidence of birth defect.
Comparing acupoint catgut embedding and acupuncture therapies in simple obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: As society develops, obesity has become a growing public health issue that seriously affects people's health and quality of life. Acupoint catgut embedding therapy is a new treatment method that continuously stimulates acupoints by implanting catguts into acupoints that has been widely used in East Asian countries to treat obesity. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding therapy alone or the combination with other acupuncture therapies compared with same acupuncture therapies for obesity. Methods: Nine electronic databases will be searched from inception to September 2021 without language limitations. Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry platform will also be searched for ongoing trials. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding therapy alone or the combination with other acupuncture therapies compared with same acupuncture therapies for obesity will be included. Two independent reviewers will select the studies, extract the data, and assess the quality of the papers. Risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis will follow the Cochrane guideline, and meta-analysis will be conducted using the RevMan version 5.4.1 software from Cochrane Collaboration. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be conducted to assess the confidence in the estimates of effect. The primary outcome will be to assess body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. The secondary outcome will be to evaluate metabolic markers and adverse effects. Discussion: The systematic review will provide evidence of the safety and effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding therapy with other acupuncture therapies in clinical settings for obese patients. This systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication or relevant academic conference. Trial register number: INPLASY2021100014
Phaseolus vulgaris cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Purification and comparison of its catalytic, structural, and immunological properties with those of the chloroplastic enzyme.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetase was purified from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves. After ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Sephadex G-50, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and phosphocellulose, complete purification was achieved by blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography using specific elution with pure yeast tRNALeu1. The enzyme was purified 1050-fold and had a specific activity of 940 nmol of leucyl-tRNA formed/min/mg of protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the native enzyme showed one band, but the denatured enzyme showed two bands. These two protein bands are structurally related. The smallest protein appears to be a cleavage product from the largest one, suggesting the presence of a sensitive cleavage site in the cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The cytoplasmic enzyme is a monomer (Mr = 130,000), larger than its chloroplastic counterpart (Mr = 120,000). The two enzymes differ in their substrate (tRNA) specificity, tryptic peptide map, and amino acid composition. Antibodies were raised against the cytoplasmic enzyme and against the chloroplastic enzyme and no cross-immunological reaction was detected, showing that the two enzymes do not share any antigenic determinant. Taken together, these results suggest that P. vulgaris cytoplasmic and chloroplastic leucyl-tRNA synthetases are coded for by different genes.
Bacterial isolation for efficient 2,3 butanediol production from glycerol waste discharged from bio-diesel processing

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Glycerol waste generated from biodiesel production is a major by-product in the biodiesel process. This study aims to demonstrate the effective use of bacterial isolation isolated from natural sources as a biocatalyst to convert 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) using crude glycerol as a sole carbon source. We report the microorganisms converting glycerol to 2,3-BD using F1, F2, and F3 isolates, and all three isolates were tested to produce 2,3-BD from glycerol waste and MA medium. The 2,3-BD was produced in a batch experiment with an initial glycerol concentration of 15 g/L, an incubator temperature of 37 °c, and shaking at 150 rpm for 24 hours. The results showed that the isolate F3 was capable of 2,3-butanediol production of 0.35 g/L and achieved that highest OD600 reading of 0.851 after 24 hours.
Perceptions of Directly Targeting SEL Learning Skills in Public Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social and emotional learning (SEL) has garnered increasing attention across education over the last decade.The continual decline in the mental health of students in PK-12 education, in light of the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, has forced school districts nationwide to re-examine their reliance on student performance data as measured by high-stakes standardized tests.This is particularly true for students in underserved populations who were among the greatest impacted.Many schools in districts across the nation have begun to examine SEL and its impact on student performance.Despite numerous studies highlighting the benefits of SEL programming, school administrators and teachers still struggle with implementing the practices in their classrooms and campuses.This research sought to identify current perceptions of SEL held by public school practitioners.Practitioner understanding of SEL was based on a ranking of key SEL skills needed for student success.Perceptions regarding potential barriers and with whom the responsibility for directly targeting SEL skills lies were also examined.A non-experimental survey design was utilized to compare data between two groups of public education practitioners: teachers and administrative staff.Overall, it was determined that educators, for the most part, agree on what SEL skills make a student successful; however, reported barriers to implementation and designation of the individual responsible for directly teaching SEL skills differed between the two groups.
What Becomes of Things on Film on Film: Adaptation in Owen Land (George Landow)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The importance of adaptation in studies of the American structural film movement has been underestimated. Three works by Owen Land (George Landow) from the 1970s are analysed in depth: Remedial Reading Comprehension, Wide Angle Saxon, and On the Marriage Broker Joke in Sigmund Freud's Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, or, Can the Avant-Garde Artist Be Wholed? Land's understanding of language and the language of cinema evolves towards a more post-structuralist account of meaning. His development parallels and complements that of Stanley Cavell in the same period.
EcoLexiCAT: a Terminology-enhanced Translation Tool for Texts on the Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although machine translation and computer assisted translation (CAT) are now a reality in the workflow of professional translators, terminology management is still considered complex and time-consuming and is often not seamlessly integrated into the translation process. Most terminographic resources are not designed to take into account the real search behavior of end users such as translators (Tudhope et al., 2006), and in many cases CAT tools do not provide
terminological modules that go beyond a simple glossary with interlinguistic equivalents. Furthermore, corpus consultation is rarely possible in most CAT tools, despite the fact that the phraseological information extracted from a corpus is of great help for translators. To address these issues, we created a web-based tool for the terminology-enhanced translation of specialized environmental texts for the language combination English-Spanish-English. EcoLexiCAT uses the open source version of th
e web-based CAT tool MateCat and enriches a source text with information from: (i) EcoLexicon, a multimodal and multilingual terminological knowledge base on the environment (Faber et al., 2014; Faber et al., 2016); (ii) BabelNet, an automatically constructed multilingual encyclopedic dictionary and semantic
network (Navigli & Ponzetto, 2012); (iii) and Sketch Engine, the well-known corpus query system (Kilgarriff et al., 2004).
Assessing Adult Medicine Specialists Using Multisource Feedback: A Longitudinal Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Physician Achievement Review is a multisource feedback program of practicing physicians that intends to assess a wide range of professional competencies. This longitudinal study focused on the reliability and validity of the PAR assessment in a large sample of adult medicine specialists (n = 404). Scores on all surveys were high and negatively skewed. All surveys had high internal consistency reliability and moderate generalizability. The three to four factor solutions proposed at Iteration 1 provided for moderate model fit using confirmatory factor analysis at Iteration 2. Scores increased over time, but the effect sizes were small to moderate. There was little or no correlation between self-assessment and medical colleagues on corresponding attributes. Future research should focus on decreasing score inflation, improving the internal structure of the surveys, and understanding factors that influence score improvements over time.
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome prenatal diagnosis by methylation analysis in chorionic villi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder that can be prenatally suspected or diagnosed based on established clinical guidelines. Molecular confirmation is commonly performed on amniocytes. The possibility to use fresh (CVF) and cultured (CVC) chorionic villi has never been investigated. To verify whether CVF and CVC are reliable sources of DNA to study fetal methylation, we used pyrosequencing to test the methylation level of a number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at several imprinted loci (ICR1, ICR2, H19, PWS/AS-ICR, GNASXL, GNAS1A, ZAC/PLAGL1, and MEST) and at non-imprinted MGMT and RASSF1A promoters. We analyzed these regions in 19 healthy pregnancies and highlighted stable methylation levels between CVF and CVC at ICR1, ICR2, GNASXL, PWS/AS-ICR, and MEST. Conversely, the methylation levels at H19 promoter, GNAS1A and ZAC/PLAGL1 were different in CVC compared to fresh CV. We also investigated ICR1 and ICR2 methylation level of CVF/CVC of 2 BWS-suspected fetuses (P1 and P2). P1 showed ICR2 hypomethylation, P2 showed normal methylation at both ICR1 and ICR2. Our findings, although limited to one case of BWS fetus with an imprinting defect, can suggest that ICR1 and ICR2, but not H19, could be reliable targets for prenatal BWS diagnosis by methylation test in CVF and CVC. In addition, PWS/AS-ICR, GNASXL, and MEST, but not GNAS1A and ZAC/PLAGL1, are steadily hemimethylated in CV from healthy pregnancies, independently from culture. Thus, prenatal investigation of genomic imprinting in CV needs to be validated in a locus-specific manner.
#Stand with women in Afghanistan: Civic participation, symbolism, and morality in political activism on Twitter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the time of writing, it had become common to find trending social media hashtags where users were expressing their feelings about current social and political issues through a range of symbolic gestures, such as striking a pose, wearing a garment, or changing their personal icon. Scholars had begun to consider such gestures in regard to whether they constitute a meaningful form of civic participation or activism. In the present paper, we seek to contribute to this literature by using multimodal critical discourse analysis to examine the contents of one Twitter hashtag where users participate in this form of activism: #StandWithWomenlnAfghanistan. Aligning with emerging scholarship on the nature of online affective publics, the analysis shows that those tweeting do not align with clear and specific issues, causalities, or solutions based on contextual understanding. On the one hand, symbolic gestures can be thought of as vernaculars that support a heterogeneous, fuzzy, and incoherent set of meanings. Yet on the other hand, across the posts using this hashtag, we find a discourse where injustice and solutions are based on notions of individual identity and freedom of expression rooted in the liberal democratic traditions of the European Enlightenment, here brought to bear on the hugely diverse and specific lives of women in Afghanistan. For many scholars, it is such ethnocentrism that underpins the very imperialist imagining of Afghanistan that led to, and legitimized, the invasion and occupation in the first place.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Panic Attacks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The hypothesis that anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a risk factor for panic genesis has obtained compelling support, but the clinical/practical importance of AS in panic genesis has been questioned. In addition, the association between panic experience and AS increase has not been clearly demonstrated. Through this 1-year longitudinal study among college students, the authors replicated the vulnerability effect of AS on panic onset. By measuring AS according to its hierarchical structure, the authors found an AS subfactor—AS-Mental Incapacitation Concerns—to be a significant predictor of panic onset. The authors also demonstrate that AS is not only statistically significant but also clinically/pragmatically important for the onset of panic. The association between panic and increased AS was confirmed in this study, although it remains for future research to conclude whether this association should be attributed to a “scar effect” of panic. Theoretical and methodological issues regarding tests of the scar effect hypothesis are discussed.