jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Histochemical and chronological analysis of mouse submandibular gland \n\t\t\t\t parenchyma subjected to abrupt reperfusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We examined the effects of abrupt \n\t\t\t\t reperfusion on the mouse submandibular gland \n\t\t\t\t parenchyma and determined the degree of recovery from \n\t\t\t\t tissue damage. A main trophic artery supplying the \n\t\t\t\t gland was ligated with silk thread, and the ligature was \n\t\t\t\t then released after a variable period. The gland was \n\t\t\t\t removed at various times after reperfusion and then \n\t\t\t\t examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. \n\t\t\t\t With reperfusion after 15 or 30 min of ligation, the \n\t\t\t\t tissue damage to the glands was slight or inapparent. \n\t\t\t\t With reperfusion after 1 or 3 h of ligation, collapse of \n\t\t\t\t the acini and the ducts was observed in parts of the \n\t\t\t\t lobules, but restoration of the parenchymal structures \n\t\t\t\t occurred, with the appearance of PCNA-positive cells, \n\t\t\t\t although there were differences in the level of \n\t\t\t\t restoration. After 6 h of ligation, most of the normal \n\t\t\t\t parenchymal cells had disappeared by the 5th and 7th \n\t\t\t\t days after reperfusion, and apoptosis and necrosis were \n\t\t\t\t present. These findings suggest that if interruption of the \n\t\t\t\t blood supply to the submandibular gland parenchyma is \n\t\t\t\t limited to within a few hours, then tissue repair after \n\t\t\t\t reperfusion is possible, although this will differ \n\t\t\t\t according to the level of damage, because the acini and \n\t\t\t\t the ducts reappear, probably with proliferation of \n\t\t\t\t parenchymal cells.
Elevated mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes in triple-negative breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Triple-Negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for a large percentage of breast cancer cases in India. TNBC is associated with poor prognosis, higher mortality rate, ill-defined molecular etiology, and hence limited therapeutic interventions. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of certain inflammatory markers with TNBC pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively collected resected breast cancer tissue samples along with adjacent normal control ( n = 100) were prospectively collected in RNA Later. Differential mRNA expression analysis of inflammatory-related genes namely; inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ), endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX2 ), and Nuclear Factor Kappa B ( NFκB ) and were evaluated in non-TNBC and TNBC tissues samples along with adjacent normal control tissue samples with the help of mRNA specific primers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSv13.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 60 non-TNBC and 40 TNBC tissue samples along with adjacent normal control were included for the study with informed consent and clinical details. The mean age of the TNBC patients was 39 ± 9 years, All the breast cancer cases were clinically staged as Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma (non-TNBC-invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC] II [ n = 29 cases], non-TNBC-IDC III [ n = 31 cases], TNBC-IDCII [ n = 22 cases], TNBC-IDC III [ n = 18 cases]). The results showed an upregulation of all the markers in TNBC cases compared to non-TNBC vis-avis non-neoplastic adjacent control area. Second, significant changes in iNOS mRNA expression were found to be associated with severity of TNBC cases ( P = 0.020), while the expression of constitutively expressed eNOS was comparative between IDC-II and IDC-III stages of TNBC. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that the mRNA-based differential expression results showed an upregulation of all the markers ( iNOS, eNOS, COX2, and NFκB) in TNBC cases compared to non-TNBC cases vis-a-vis non-neoplastic adjacent control area. Significant changes in iNOS mRNA expression were found to be associated with severity of TNBC cases ( P = 0.020), depicting the role of iNOS-induced inflammation in the pathogenesis of TNBC.
A Geographical Database for the College of Technology in Sudan University of Science and Technology using (GIS)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to create a geographical database for the Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Technology, by means of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), by using the ArcGIS program, to be used in analysis, planning, inquiry, and decision-making support. A paper map of the study area was obtained and scanned, and a digital map was obtained. Field measurements were taken for some features that are not on the paper map, and then included in the digital map. The main college features have been covered in order to be classified into layers. All data given by the features were collected. And some images of these features were also obtained. Resultant data has been included in ArcMap 10.3 and many analyzes were done on it. The paper concluded that possibility of creating a geographical database with its own attributes data, hence clarify importance of using the database in academic institutions for planning and decision-making support.
Investor Sentiment in Japanese and U.S. Daily Mutual Fund Flows

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We find evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that daily mutual fund flows may be instruments for investor sentiment about the stock market.We use this finding to construct a new index of investor sentiment, and validate this index using data from both the United States and Japan.In both markets exposure to this factor is priced, and in the Japanese case, we document evidence of negative correlations between "Bull" and "Bear" domestic funds.The flows to bear foreign funds in Japan display some evidence of negative correlation to domestic and foreign equity funds, suggesting that there is a foreign vs. domestic sentiment factor in Japan that does not appear in the contemporaneous U.S. data.By contrast, U.S.
Studies on impact of comparative quality evaluation of sun and cabinet drying on chemical quality characteristics of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present work have been undertaken to study the impact of different drying techniques on chemical qualities of dried bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Momordica charantia Linn. (Bitter gourd) commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd is tropical and subtropical climber of the family Cucurbitaceae. Bitter gourd are known for its anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-carcinogenic etc properties which contribute limitless numbers of benefits to human being. In present investigation the fresh bitter gourds were cleaned, cut and dried by sun drying and cabinet drying. The dried bitter gourd was analyzed for proximate, mineral and color characteristics. It was observed that the bitter gourd processed by cabinet drying was observed significantly superior over sun drying with respect to fat, protein, fiber and ash contents. The bitter gourd dried by cabinet drying was found significantly superior over sun drying with respect to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron total chlorophyll and total carotene content. From the research it was concluded that the drying of bitter gourd resulted in concentration of nutrients. The cabinet drying method was found significantly superior over sun drying method with respect to chemical composition.
Protective effect of ulinastatin combined with xuebijing on multiple organ function in patients with sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism and efficacy of ulinastatin(UTI)combined with xuebijing on level of C-reactive protein(CRP)、interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-8(IL-8)、tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and kidney liver organ function in patients with sepsis.Methods Sixty-foure patients with sepsis were randomly divided into UTI combined with xuebijing group and control group.The intravenous drip,two times a day each of the 30 0000 units UTI were given,accession to the 50 mL,0.9% physiological saline and xuebijing injection 50 mL,accession to the 100 mL,0.9% physiological saline for 7 days in UTI group.The routin treatment was given to two groups of the same.TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,CRP indexes and other plasma biochemistrial indexes were determined before the treatment and 8 days after the treatment.Results After the treatment,the level of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,CRP significantly decreased in two groups(all P0.05),and the decrease was more obvious in UTI and xuebijing group,compared with control group(all P0.05).Plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),blood urea acid(UA)were significantly decreased in two groups after the treatment(P0.05),and after the treatment the decreases of all these indexes were more marked in UTI and xuebijing group(P0.05).Conclusion UTI combine with xuebijing has beneficial effects on the protection of organ function in patients with sepsis.
Large-Scale Characteristic Mode Analysis With Fast Multipole Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large-scale characteristic mode analysis (CMA) poses challenges in computational electromagnetics as it calls for efficient solutions of large dense generalized eigenvalue problems. In this paper, we consider two applications that involve large-scale CMA, and demonstrate that fast multipole algorithms (FMAs) can be easily incorporated into the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method (IRAM) for eigenanalysis after simple modifications. The first application performs CMA for large platforms made by closed perfectly conducting surfaces. Multilevel FMA (MLFMA) is embedded into a combined field integral equation-based theory of characteristic mode (TCM). The second application addresses multiscale modeling of small but geometrically complicated objects, which possess fine subwavelength structures. An augmented electric field integral equation-based TCM is formulated, and low-frequency (LF-)FMA is adopted to accelerate the required matrix-vector products.
Renal Tumors in 26-Week Tg.Rash2 Mice Carcinogenicity Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We report renal tubular adenomas and a carcinoma in 26-week Tg.rasH2 mouse carcinogenicity studies, which have not been reported to date either at our facility or in other published data. However, during the year 2014, renal tubular tumors were present in 4 studies conducted at our facility. Because of their morphological similarity to the amphophilic–vacuolar (AV) phenotypic variant of renal tubule tumors noted in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats, which are thought to be familial, as well as the genetic homogeneity of Tg.rasH2 mice, we tracked the parents of these mice with tumors in each study. The origin of these tumors could not be traced back to any of the parents or even an animal barrier, and these tumors were not attributed to the vehicle or test article. Although the exact mechanism of tumorigenesis was not known, based on the available information, the development of renal tumors in these mice was considered random and spontaneous.
Design And Use Online Platforms To Learn Mathematics And The Use Of Them In Simulations Of Problems In Applied Sciences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this contribution, we show the practical use of the computer to visualise simple computational simulations to 'show phenomena that occur in everyday life, or require an abstract understanding for being unintuitive phenomena. The relationship of the mathematics to different scientific disciplines motivates us to devise different treatments to find a solution for understanding and predicting what happens in nature. In this way, other scientific areas call for new mathematics and these in turn provide new discoveries. Today there are several computational tools to develop learning units that enable allow understanding of different concepts. One is the Python language, which contains tools for numerical and symbolic calculations, and also for graphical visualisations with the advantage of being open and easy to learn. Currently, the Jupyter project is an environment in which different languages come together under one programming scheme. In this manuscript, we show how we have adapted IPython Notebook to show some simulations on some phenomena related to geometric problems, numerical calculation and its applications in mechanical and electromagnetic systems. In this way, the authors have designed a web site containing learning units based on examples of mathematical, physical and biological problems.
The quest for the “elusive” public goods excellence: Kenya’s experience with public service reforms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper tracks performance-oriented Civil Service Reforms (CSRs) in Kenya, noting hurdles and opportunities prevalent and suggests a robust model to inculcate a performance-oriented reforms culture. The article is informed by a review literature on civil service reforms and applications of performance measurements in civil service reforms in Kenya. Current performance-oriented reforms/practices and challenges therein are tracked to establish current status, obstacles/gaps to effective implementation identified, opportunities for improvement isolated and a robust model to inculcate a performance-oriented culture suggested for application. While noticeable progress has been made in the implementation of CSRs in Kenya, there evidently remain obstacles to implementation of performance-oriented civil service reforms. Civil service reforms ought to revolve around performance measurements; rewarding good performance and realigning resources to support desired changes and simultaneously stimulating competition amongst public entities so as to support superior public service delivery. The paper gauges civil service reforms in Kenya and particularly the extent to which the drive towards performance-oriented reforms has faired over time and suggests a holistic model to entrench a performance-oriented culture.
Could There Be a Relationship Between Paranasal Sinus and Migraine Etiology?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Migraine is a complex neurological disease with a neurogenic inflammatory component in which nitric oxide (NO) levels increase. Studies have shown that the NO level produced in adults is closely related to the paranasal sinus volume. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in paranasal sinus volumes responsible for NO synthesis in migraine patients. Material and Method: The paranasal sinuses of migraine patients (n=50) and healthy subjects (n=50) were examined using cranial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Right and left maxillary, sphenoid and frontal-ethmoid sinus volumes of the groups were calculated in 3D Slicer program and recorded in mm3. Statistical analysis of the study was performed with IBM SPSS 23.0 and p
Concentration-Dependent Optical Properties of Erbium Doped Zirconia Nanocrystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study has investigated the effect of dopant concentration on the luminescent emission of Er3+ in ZrO2 nanocrystals. The structure and morphology of the resulting nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The room-temperature optical properties of synthesized nanocrystals were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The dependence of the luminescence emission on the doping concentration was examined to determine the optimum Er3+ concentration in the samples. Strong luminescence quenching was also observed in samples with high Er3+ concentrations in the ZrO2 host lattice. The luminescent erbium doped zirconia nanocrystals are promising for applications such as fluorescent biomarkers, optical display systems, lamps, etc.
From SIRS and CARS to SLIRS and LISIS - New concepts for understanding the development of organ failure after clinical insults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the early phase after clinical insults (planned and unplanned injuries), both local and systemic inflammatory responses occur in the body. These are biological defense responses to insults. These responses are indispensable for the survival of organisms and therefore, have delicate backup, fail-safe, and feedback systems. The activation of the feedback system for locally-induced proinflammatory cytokines results in the predominance of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the systemic circulation. The more marked local inflammatory responses are, the more severe systemic anti-inflammatory responses become. To understand the vulnerable state of organ failure after insults, the author proposes to classify the pathologic condition after insults into SLIRS (systemic and local inflammatory response syndrome) in the early phase and LISIS (local inflammation-induced systemic immunosuppression syndrome) in the subsequent phase to avoid confusion with previous held concepts of SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) and CARS (compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome). The development of post-insult organ failure should be considered in terms of the course with time and both local and systemic states. Uniform measures for mediators are inadequate.
Studies on the Oxo Reactions(VI)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

-C4 olifines were continously hydroformylated in the presences of cobalt naphthenate as catalyst and Pd-zeolit as promoter like the preceding reports.The reaction temperature was necesary to keep over 140°C, presumably: owing to the fact that the charge stock contained much isobuten of smaller reaction velocityAddition of Pd-zeolite as promoter was equally useful as in theanot-her experiments.The content of high boiling points fraction in the product was about 15%, the yield of amylalcohol being 80-85%.
Hubungan Antara Pembelajaran Andragogi dan Keterampilan Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aimed to determine the correlation between andragogy learning as well as learning skill and student learning outcome. The present research applied a quantitative research approach with multiple correlational analysis method where the data collection was carried out through questionnaire technique in the form of questionnaires and documentation. The research population involved students from the Guidance and Counseling Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Cenderawasih University batch 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 as many as 101 students. The determination of the sample was performed by total sampling technique in which the researcher used the entire sample with a total of 101 students. The research findings showed a correlation between andragogy learning and learning outcome with a Pearson correlation value of 0.502, a correlation between learning skill and learning outcome with a Pearson correlation value of 0.445 and a correlation between andragogy learning and learning skills and learning outcomes where the correlation coefficient was indicated by an R value of 0.573. Meanwhile, the simultaneous contribution of andragogy learning as well as learning skill and learning outcome was 32.8% (0.328) while the other 67.2% were determined by other variables not examined in this research. The conclusion of this research was that there was a fairly strong correlation between andragogy learning as well as learning skill and student learning outcome.
Cooperation of slow cities as an opportunity for the development: an example of Polish National Cittaslow Network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research background: Many demographic, social, spatial, economic and infrastructural problems have accumulated in small cities in Poland. It seems that the situation of the smallest cities located farther away from large cities and metropolises is particularly difficult. A chance for their development may arise from cooperation within a network of cities which associates cities similar in size, paradigm and vision of development, such as the ?Cittaslow ? International network of cities where living is good?. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify main cooperation areas for slow cities in Poland. An analysis was made of the cooperation between 28 cities that are members of the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Methods: The research applied a critical review of the literature and a diagnostic survey method. The survey was carried out with a standardised questionnaire. It was addressed to mayors of all member cities of the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The study was made in 2018. Findings & Value added: The cooperation of cities belonging to the Cittaslow network in Poland is becoming more and more complex and concerns mainly the development of tourism and urban promotion. The shared logo and promotion of the urban network, organization of cultural events, exchange of experience, implementation of a supralocal revitalization program for several ?slow cities? from Warmia and Mazury, are examples of active cooperation. This proves that the competition between cities can be transformed into effective coopetition of cities. The idea of ?slow?, which is fundamental to the development of the Cittaslow networked cities, creates an opportunity to design an individual development model for small cities that could apply to cities in Poland and elsewhere in the world.
“Grammar of emotions”: English affixal morphemes, adverbs of frequency, word-order, auxiliaryverbs as a means of verbalization of emotions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article focuses on the analysis of linguistics of emotions as an independent scientific direction.It has been elucidated that linguistics of emotions is formed on the border of different sciences: linguo-philosophy, taking into account semantics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, linguo-culturology, linguo-conceptology, ethno-linguistics, gender linguistics, etc.It has been highlighted that linguistics of emotions fixates the expression of an ethnic and individual emotionality, it takes into account the auto-interpretation of emotions and feelings, which is manifested in different speech styles or the system of discursive practices.Linguistics of emotions aims at understanding the world of emotions through the language, not simply as the phenomena and facts accumulation, but as the very understanding of these facts and phenomena.Singling out linguistics of emotions as an independent scientific direction is a consequence of the real processes of differentiation and integration of the humanities.The Russian linguist V. Shakhovsky states that emotions are a kind of human passions.Thus, not only the vocabulary system of the language, but also Grammar, Phonetics "imbued" with emotional overtones.Sharing V. Shakhovsky's point of view, O. Filimonova, a Russian researcher, defines the category of emotionality as polystatal, due to the expression of emotions at different levels of the language system -phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactic.Each language level is represented by its units: a phoneme, morpheme, word and sentence."Grammar of emotions" develops the issues of "emotional syntax" and "emotional morphology" (affixation, grammatical forms of words in the text).At the morphological level emotions are expressed by means of derivative words whose emotional attitude to an object or phenomenon is determined by grammatical means and special affixes.Diminutive suffixes -іе, -у, -ette, -ling function in English verbalizing positive evaluation, which in turn serves as a basis for the formation of positive evaluation emotions of love, admiration, affection.English suffix -ish causes a negative evaluation, and hence, a negative emotion, which is facilitated by adding this suffix to the Adjective stem or the Noun stem.Adverbs offrequency, word-order, auxiliary verbs are the means of verbalization of emotions in the English language.