jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unusual cerebral inclusions in Reye's syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

preceded the development of the classical clinical features of multiple sclerosis by almost four years. Case reportA 36-year-old man began to have paroxysmal attacks of dysarthria, ataxia, and weakness of his legs in February 1972.Each attack would last up to 10 seconds and he would experience at least a dozen such episodes each day.They would occur more frequently after a hot bath or any sudden exertion.In between his attacks he was free of symptoms and signs but during them he had bilateral horizontal nystagmus, dysarthria, and ataxia of his legs.In view of his unusual symptoms he was investigated in detail.Among the normal results of tests were cerebrospinal fluid, air encephalography, and four-vessel arteriography.Treatment with carbamazepine resulted in the complete cessation of his attacks.He was followed up at monthly intervals and eventually, in January 1976, developed numbness of both lower limbs and ataxia of gait.Examina- tion then disclosed bilateral horizontal nystagmus, cerebellar and pyramidal signs in all four limbs, with extensor plantar responses and absent abdominal reflexes.Examination of his cerebrospinal fluid then showed a protein of 0 45 g/l of which 23% was IgG.The Lange colloidal gold curve was 1232100000.
Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on Salivary Cariogenic Bacterial Counts among Groups of Preschool Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacilli reuteri lozenges on caries-associated salivary bacterial counts (Mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus), dental plaque accumulation, and salivary buffer capacity in a group of preschool children. Study Design: The study group consisted of 178 healthy children (aged 3–6 years). Children were randomly grouped: the experimental group (n = 90) received L. reuteri probiotic lozenges and the control group (n = 88) received placebo lozenges, twice daily, for 28 days. Salivary Mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus counts, and buffer capacity were assessed using chair-side caries-risk test (CRT®) kits. The Simplified Oral Hygiene index (OHI-S) was used to assess dental plaque accumulation at baseline and after 28 days. Results: After 28 days, the experimental group had a statistically significant reduction in Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli (p = 0.000 and p = 0.020, respectively) and both groups had less plaque accumulation than at baseline. While the buffer capacity in the experimental group increased more than in the control group, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.577). Compliance was 90%, with no adverse events. Conclusions: Consumption of probiotic lozenges containing L. reuteri reduces caries-associated bacterial counts significantly. Probiotics consumption may have a beneficial caries-preventive effect.
Deleterious effects of oxygen radicals in ischemia/reperfusion. Resolved and unresolved issues.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oxygen free radicals are known to be generated during periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion. There is still some controversy, however, concerning the use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to accurately detect and identify the free radical species that are formed. There is no doubt that oxygen radicals are deleterious to the myocardium; free radicals cause left ventricular dysfunction and structural damage to myocytes and endothelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo preparations. Potential sources of these cytotoxic oxygen species include the xanthine oxidase pathway, activated neutrophils, mitochondria, and arachidonate metabolism, yet the crucial source of free radicals in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion is unresolved. There is little doubt that oxygen radicals play a role in the phenomenon of stunned myocardium induced by brief periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion; numerous studies have consistently observed that pretreatment with free radical scavengers and antioxid...
PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF ION FLOW ACROSS THE MEMBRANE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is proposed to study the qualitative impact of electromagnetic fields on the membrane of plant tissue for preservation and delivery of them fresh to the final consumer. Spherical apple fruits were exposed to the influence of electromagnetic fields on the cell membrane. Ukraine is an industrial-agrarian country with a predominance of raw material production. It is one of the leading exporters of some types of agricultural products. The large number of fertile lands of our country indicates that Ukraine should be a full-fledged exporter of agricultural goods to the countries of Europe and the world. At the same time, two main problems arise: the production of quality agricultural products by farmers and their preservation for a long time in a fresh form. It is very important that the final consumer receives the product fresh and tasty. The freshness of a product is preserved by freezing and keeping it at a temperature below minus 20 degrees Celsius. However, this method is not suitable when it comes to fresh fruit. Therefore, the object of research for a number of scientists was the influence of external electromagnetic fields on the process of preserving fruit and berry products. It was established that the membrane potential of the cell at the moment of physiological rest is important for the preservation of product freshness. It is at this moment that the metabolism is in balance. At the same time, the Krebs respiration cycle is used, which was discovered for animals, but was later proven in plants as well. The issue of researching the qualitative impact of electromagnetic fields on the membrane of plant tissue in order to preserve and deliver them fresh to the final consumer is very important and relevant. For example, it is possible to expose apple fruits, which have the shape of a sphere, to the influence of electromagnetic fields on the cell membrane. The most important factor that affects the processes of growth and development of plants is known to be light, its direction, as well as its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. However, not everyone knows that there are two more environmental factors that have received little attention so far, and that are not always taken into account when analyzing the physiology of the plant organism. These factors are the electric field of the atmosphere, as well as the electromagnetic field of the Earth. At the same time, artificial external electromagnetic fields can affect fruits, both positively and negatively. The electrophysical characteristics of these fields determine the result of this influence. These are voltages, frequency, method of modulation, exposure, etc. The methods of storing of agricultural products are presented based on the presence in the fruit storage of electromagnetic field of ultra high frequency in the range 33,5–36 GHz, which blocks the ion channels and increases the fruit shelf life by up to seven times.
[Advanced microangiopathic complications at the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of a 59-year-old male patient with advanced microangiopathic complications at the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is reported. The patient was referred to ophthalmological investigation due to progressive loss of visual acuity. Although diabetes mellitus was not known, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with significant visual loss was found at fundus examination. Not only newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (initial fasting blood glucose 19.0 mmol/, HbA1c: 11.6%) but the presence of advanced sensory, motor and autonomic diabetic neuropathy (nervus peroneus motor conduction velocity: 32.1 m/s, nervus suralis sensory conduction velocity could not be detected, postural decrease in systolic blood pressure: 20 mmHg, beat-to-beat variation 6 beats/min, 30:15 ratio 1.03) as well as signs of advanced diabetic nephropathy (daily urinary protein excretion: 1.2-5.7 g, serum creatinine value: 101 mumol/l, sitting blood pressure: 150/100-180/100 mmHg) could be documented by further investigations at Medical Department. Avoiding short-term strict metabolic control insulin therapy was initiated and adequate long-term diabetic control was achieved later (HbA1c: 6.5-6.2%). In order to classify the diabetes, repeated measurements of serum C-peptide, ICA, GADA and IA2-antibodies were performed and type 2 diabetes was diagnosed. After a transient deterioration the proliferative retinopathy remained unchanged. Although laser photocoagulation was performed, no improvement in the visual acuity could be achieved. Only a minor improvement of neurological alterations was documented by repeated electrophysiological investigation at follow-up. Although the antihypertensive treatment (ACE-inhibitor drug in combination with calcium channel blocker) resulted in a significant decrease of elevated blood pressure, only a transient improvement of proteinuria could be achieved. Despite regular control, the advanced microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus carry poor prognosis.
Proximal to Distal Sedimentological Variation in a Linear Turbidite Trough: Implications for the Fan Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Determination of geographically dependent sedimentological variation ('proximality') in ancient flysch deposits formed an important part of early turbidite studies. Attempts to quantify this variation highlighted anomalies which were neatly resolved by application of vertical sequence analysis and the use of fan models. However, there are many turbidite formations, such as the Lower Cretaceous Cumberland Bay Formation (CBF) of South Georgia, which cannot be described in terms of existing fan models but show strong proximal to distal sedimentological changes. The CBF is a thick sequence of volcaniclastic sandstone turbidites deposited in a linear back-arc basin, principally by currents flowing WNW, parallel to the basin margin. Four lithofacies associations are recognized on the basis of sandstone/shale ratio. The two finer-grained associations are constant in character across the CBF outcrop. In the coarse-grained associations there is a change in character WNW, down the palaeocurrent direction. This is brought out by decreasing sandstone bed thickness and percentage amalgamation, but these changes are not always marked or consistent. In contrast, the internal character of the sandstone beds changes strongly, with a marked proportional increase in Tb and Tc divisions within the bed downcurrent. The evidence suggests that the system was aggradational rather than progradational: tectonic control of the basin margins prevented major migration of the depositional system, and most areas remained in the same position relative to source through time. Comparison of the CBF with other turbidite formations suggests two end-member states which will produce radically different vertical sequences. Progradational systems will produce strong vertical facies changes, where beds deposited in distal environments are overlain by beds deposited in environments progressively nearer source, however there will be no lateral change in the character of any particular facies type. In contrast in aggradational systems the major sedimentological variation will be lateral rather than vertical.
Studies on Controlling Suspended Sediment Discharge in a Small River Basin that is Covered with Volcanic Ash Soil in a Snowy and Cold Region. II. Characteristics of Suspended Sediment Discharge from Basins with Open Upland Field.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

火山灰土壌で覆われ,農耕地としての土地利用の割合が高い3つの小流域での浮流土砂の特徴を明らかにした.流域の表層地質の透水性が高いことから,流出率は小さいが,火山灰土壌は軽くまた固結が弱いことや凍結土壌により融雪時期に地表流が発生し,浮流土砂量が多く観測される.浮流土砂量は,既報されている流量(Q)と浮遊土砂量(Qs)の経験式,Qs=(4×10-8～6×10-6)Q2より3～4桁ほどオーダーが高い.また,融雪期では,降雨期より流水中の懸濁物質の濃度が高いことが特徴的である.浮流土砂の粒度分布をみると,農地の土壌と類似し,農地を土砂の生成起源と考えられる.浮流土砂は粒径0.1mm以下の細かいシルトを多く含み,wash loadとして流下するものが多く,河川での沈砂はわずかと考えられる.すなわち,農地から河川へ流入する前に土砂流出抑止対策を行うことが効果的である.
Iodine and acetone-containing plastic spray dressings.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a population based register of stroke (n = 536) compiled in Perth, Western Australia during an 18 month period in 1989-90, 60 cases (11%) of primary intracerebral haemorrhage were identified among 56 persons (52% men). The mean age of these patients was 68 (range 23-93) and 46 (77%) events were first ever strokes. The crude annual incidence was 35 per 100,000, with a peak in the eighth decade, and a male predominance. Deep and lobar haemorrhages each accounted for almost one third of all cases. The clinical presentations included sudden coma (12%), headache (8%), seizures (8%), and pure sensory-motor stroke (3%). Primary intracerebral haemorrhage was the first presentation of leukaemia in two cases (both fatal) and it followed an alcoholic binge in four cases. 55% had a history of hypertension. 16 (27%) patients, half of whom had a history of hypertension, were taking antiplatelet agents, and one patient was taking warfarin. There were only two confirmed cases of amyloid angiopathy. The overall 28 day case fatality was 35%, but this varied from 100% for haemorrhages in the brainstem to 22% for those in the basal ganglionic or thalamic region. Other predictors of early death were intraventricular extension of blood, volume of haematoma, mass effect, and coma and severe paresis at onset. Although based on small numbers, these data confirm the heterogeneous nature of primary intracerebral haemorrhage, but they also suggest a different clinical spectrum of this type of stroke in the community compared with the experience of specialist neurological units.
Self-Sustainable Modular Design in Rural Housing and Experiential Tourism in El Callejón de Conchucos, Ancash

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present research has the objective of proposing the design of rural housing infrastructure with self-sustainable modular design strategies that allow for a regional conservation area within the Callejón de Conchucos. The absence of adequate territorial planning has led to disorganized urban growth, characterized by the lack of green areas, resulting in a negative impact on the quality of urban life of the inhabitants, increasing their risk to natural disasters. The methodology employed was the analysis of extensive research through a comprehensive literature review, urban studies and climate assessments. Sustainability strategies were implemented using various digital tools, such as Climate Consultant, Google Earth and maps, AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp and 3D Sun path. Therefore, the proposal allows for the enhancement of comfort through spaces for the conservation of natural resources, taking advantage of its landscape and nature of the place, with the characteristics of sustainability in rural and urban housing in high Andean areas, implementing bioclimatic strategies, such as evaporative cooling, and clean technologies that allow for an energy efficiency of 50%. In conclusion, the proposal for the Callejón de Conchucos seeks to transform the region into an attractive tourist destination by providing high-quality ecosystem services and an enriched cultural experience by integrating modular design criteria and employing sustainable and appropriate technologies.
Legal Status of a Wife Leaving Her Husband and Vice Versa in Contextual Fiqh Studies: A Pre-Divorce Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of a wife leaving her husband or vice versa before an official divorce is a critical topic in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), raising legal, ethical, and social concerns. This study examines the legal status of such separations through the lens of various schools of thought (madhhab), analyzing spousal rights and obligations in pre-divorce contexts. Employing a qualitative method, it draws from primary Islamic legal sources, as well as contemporary statutory frameworks in Muslim-majority countries. Findings reveal that Islamic law distinguishes between justified and unjustified separation. A wife who separates without valid reason may be deemed nusyuz, which affects her right to nafaqah (maintenance), while a husband remains responsible for financial obligations until the divorce is finalized. Conversely, if separation is due to harm, negligence, or abuse, mechanisms such as fasakh (annulment) or khulu' (divorce initiated by the wife) may be pursued under Islamic principles. These doctrines aim to protect the rights of both parties and prevent injustice in marital relationships. From the perspective of civil law, legal separation is not explicitly codified, but courts may provide temporary arrangements through mediation and judicial orders. Customary law often manages informal separations through community mediation and traditional consensus. In Indonesia, religious courts (peradilan agama) handle pre-divorce separations as part of divorce proceedings, emphasizing mediation and evaluating interim living arrangements, financial duties, and child custody. Beyond legal analysis, the study highlights broader social consequences: women and children are often left vulnerable during informal separations, while unresolved conflicts can fragment social harmony
Encounters with uncertainty and complexity: Reflecting on infection prevention and control nursing in Aotearoa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The disruptiveness of the COVID-19 pandemic created the need for rapid responses in health systems already under pressure and challenged nursing in Aotearoa New Zealand with levels of uncertainty and complexity not previously encountered. For the small number of specialists in the field of infection prevention and control (IPC) nursing nationally, this meant having to adapt to new ways of working and collaborating in situations where the pace of change was extraordinary. This short commentary describes the author's experiences working as an infection prevention and control nurse leader and is underpinned by complex adaptive systems thinking and the concept of collective competence as theoretical frameworks through which to conceptualise and account for the COVID-19 response in the Canterbury region.
Imaging Considerations and Thoracic Diseases in Females

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Females have unique physiological considerations that must be considered during image acquisition and interpretation. Familiarity with imaging of pregnant and lactating patients requires modifications from standard protocols to mitigate radiation-induced risk to both the mother and the fetus. Manifestations in the chest related to conception, pregnancy, and gynecologic pathologies are female-specific. Furthermore, there are a number of conditions that exclusively or disproportionately affect females, including diffuse lung diseases. Here, we review the expected normal findings and variant appearances of diseases in female patients on chest imaging to help the radiologist arrive at the correct diagnosis and avoid diagnostic pitfalls. In addition, the general principles of thoracic imaging in women of reproductive age are discussed.
Effect of secretion produced by the pine wood nematode and enzymes on pathogenic action in the seedlings of Pinus thunbergii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN ),monoxenic cultured in Pestalotia sp.was in the buffer of Tris-HCl,0.05 mol/L,pH 7.2,in shanking incubation at 25 ℃ for 72 hours.The supernatant,in which there was secretion of PWN,was filtered through 0.22 μm Millipore and precipitated proteins in 100% of the saturation (NH_4)_2SO_4 solution.The secretion contained cellulase,protease,peroxidase and amylase detected by polacrylamide electrophoresis.Three-year-old seedling of Pinus thunbergii were inoculated with the secretion produced by the pine wood nematode,1%cellulase,1% protease,1% peroxidase and 1% amylase respectively.the result showed that the secretion produced by the pine wood nematode and 1% cellulase could cause necrotic symptoms in the needles of P.thunbergii.It suggests its secretion produced by the pine wood nematode may be a possible candidate of the pothegens.
Mutagenic and Lethal Effects of [5- 125 I]Iodo-2 � -Deoxyuridine Incorporated into DNA of Mammalian Cells, and Their RBEs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Decay of /sup 125/I unifilarly incorporated as 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA of V79 Chinese hamster cells was approximately an order of magnitude more effective in inducing both 6-thioguanine-resistant mutation and cell inactivation than external X rays under equivalent conditions. RBEs of mutation and killing induced by /sup 125/I decays, compared with 170-kVp X rays of low LET, were approx. = 11 for mutation (ratio of the induction rate in frequency/rad = 11.3 X 10/sup -7/ (/sup 125/I)/100 X 10/sup -7/ (X rays at -79/sup o/C)) and approx. = 10 for cell inactivation (D/sub 0/ ratio = 505 rad (X rays at -79/sup o/C)/52 rad (/sup 125/I)). These RBE values may well exceed the reported maximum values for high-LET radiation in the LET range of 80-110 keV/..mu..m, suggesting that the Auger effect is different from the high-LET radiation effect alone. Thus these biological consequences arise not only from radiation effects of Auger electrons on the immediate vicinity in DNA, but also from the nonionogenic effect through charge transfer processes. In addition, higher inductions of mutation and killing by external X rays in unifilarly IdUrd-substituted cells than in ordinal cells were observed, suggesting a possible involvement of X-ray-induced Auger phenomenon in iodinemore » in DNA.« less
Towards controlled Fizeau observations with the Large Binocular Telescope

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) can perform Fizeau interferometry in the focal plane, which accesses spatial information out to the LBT's full 22.7-m edge-to-edge baseline. This mode has previously been used to obtain science data, but has been limited to observations where the optical path difference (OPD) between the two beams is not controlled, resulting in unstable fringes on the science detectors. To maximize the science return, we are endeavoring to stabilize the OPD and tip-tilt variations and make the LBTI Fizeau mode optimized and routine. Here we outline the optical configuration of LBTI's Fizeau mode and our strategy for commissioning this observing mode.
Nontopographic description of inherent structure dynamics in glassformers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show that the dynamics between inherent structures in glassforming systems can be understood in purely dynamical terms, without any reference to “topographic” features of the potential energy landscape. This “nontopographic” interpretation is based instead on the existence of dynamical heterogeneities and on their statistical properties. Our view is supported by the study of simple dynamically facilitated models of glassformers. These models also allow for the formulation of quantitative theoretical predictions which are successfully compared to published data obtained in numerical and experimental studies of local dynamics of supercooled liquids.
Similarity in the Structure of Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus, Leaf hopper A Virus and Fiji Disease Virus Particles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus has revealed that its particles are structurally similar to those of leaf hopper A virus and Fiji disease virus devoid of their outer capsid shells. The possible evolutionary relationship of these viruses is discussed.