jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consuming Narratives: Food and Cannibalism in Early Modern British Imperialism - eScholarship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the early modern period, a time of global exploration, Europeans often included descriptions of foodways in their exploration narratives. Indeed, one of the most striking features of early modern travel narratives is the amount of space devoted to foodstuff and eating patterns, and “Consuming Narratives” argues that Europeans, and specifically the English, focused on food because they understood foreign people and places, themselves, and their world through a discourse of foodways. If an Englishman noted a foreigner eating a specific dish, he might infer the temperament of the foreigner by means of the humoral theory; deduce the wealth or status of the foreigner by the perceived cost of the food; or conclude the civility of the foreigner by his manner of eating or by the way the meal was prepared. Beyond the descriptions of customary foodways, stories of foreign peoples eating human flesh proved to be a recurring theme in which Europeans presented themselves as superior, while recordings of English cannibalism at Jamestown and Newfoundland reflected English anxiety about their position in the global world. Thus, descriptions of foodways reveal more than mere victuals. Food and eating provided a language to express, and simultaneously shape, English assumptions and anxieties about otherness, status, sovereignty, and power.
AN EXERCISE PROFESSIONAL LED, COMMUNITY BASED, DIETARY AND EXERCISE PROGRAMME FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

NICE guidance stipulates exercise and weight loss as ‘Core’ treatments for Osteoarthritis (OA). Typically, NHS physiotherapists and dieticians deliver these treatments within the secondary health care setting. Given increasing demands placed upon secondary health care professionals, we conducted a novel, community based, registered exercise professional led, exercise and dietary intervention in obese patients with established knee OA, to evaluate its efficacy and potentially widespread use within the National Exercise Referral Scheme in Wales. 81 patients (BMI<30) with knee OA were invited (mean age 57 y, BMI 39.5 kg/m 2 ) from Orthopaedic, Rheumatology and Primary care settings. 58 patients declined to take part. 1 patient was excluded at assessment due to medical concerns. The pilot was a 16 week dietary and exercise programme delivered in the community setting. Patients performed 2 x1 hour per week of a 10-station exercise carousel incorporating aerobic and resistance exercise aimed at quadriceps and hamstring strengthening. 1 hour per week of dietary education was given, using Public Health Wales’ ‘Foodwise for Life’ programme, and 3 sessions of practical cooking skills over 16 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the Oxford Knee Score (OKS); Quality of Life (QoL) (EQ-5D+EQ-VAS); physical function (6 minute walk test (6MWT) and 30 second sit-stand (30 s s-s)). Secondary measures; body weight; resting Blood Pressure(BP); resting heart rate (RHR). 18 patients completed the 16 week programme. Improvements were seen in OKS (p=0.048), 6MWT (p<0.001), 30 s s-s (p<0.001), EQ-VAS (p=0.01), weight (p=0.001) and systolic BP (p<0.001). No significant improvements were seen in diastolic BP (p=0.96), RHR (p=0.11) and EQ-5D (p=0.11). This pilot suggests a community based, exercise professional led intervention for patients with knee OA as a clinically effective therapeutic resource for health professionals.
Breaking the Curse of Dimensionality Using Decompositions of Incomplete Tensors: Tensor-based scientific computing in big data analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Higher-order tensors and their decompositions are abundantly present in domains such as signal processing (e.g., higher-order statistics [1] and sensor array processing [2]), scientific computing (e.g., discretized multivariate functions [3]?[6]), and quantum information theory (e.g., representation of quantum many-body states [7]). In many applications, the possibly huge tensors can be approximated well by compact multilinear models or decompositions. Tensor decompositions are more versatile tools than the linear models resulting from traditional matrix approaches. Compared to matrices, tensors have at least one extra dimension. The number of elements in a tensor increases exponentially with the number of dimensions, and so do the computational and memory requirements. The exponential dependency (and the problems that are caused by it) is called the curse of dimensionality. The curse limits the order of the tensors that can be handled. Even for a modest order, tensor problems are often large scale. Large tensors can be handled, and the curse can be alleviated or even removed by using a decomposition that represents the tensor instead of using the tensor itself. However, most decomposition algorithms require full tensors, which renders these algorithms infeasible for many data sets. If a tensor can be represented by a decomposition, this hypothesized structure can be exploited by using compressed sensing (CS) methods working on incomplete tensors, i.e., tensors with only a few known elements. © 2014 IEEE.
The natural history of scoliosis in females with Rett syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design. Population-based longitudinal observational study. Objective. To describe the prevalence of scoliosis in Rett syndrome, structural characteristics and progression, taking into account the influences of age, genotype, and ambulatory status. Summary of Background Data. Scoliosis is the most common orthopedic comorbidity in Rett syndrome yet very little is known about its natural history and influencing factors such as age, genotype, and ambulatory status. Methods. The infrastructure of the Australian Rett Syndrome Database was used to identify all cases with confirmed Rett syndrome in Australia and collect data on genotype and walking status. We identified radiological records and described the Cobb angle of each curve. Time to event analysis was used to estimate the median age of onset of scoliosis and the log-rank test to compare by mutation type. Latent class group analysis was used to identify groups for the trajectory of walking status over time and a multilevel linear model used to assess trajectories of scoliosis development by mutation type and walking status. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of developing a scoliosis with a Cobb angle >60 degrees at 16 years in relation to Cobb angle and walking status at 10 years of age. Results. The median age of scoliosis onset was 11 years with earliest onset in those with a p.Arg255* mutation or large deletion. Scoliosis was progressive for all mutation types except for those with the p.Arg306Cys mutation. Scoliosis progression was reduced when there was capacity to walk independently or with assistance. Cobb angle and walking ability at age 10 can be reliably used to identify those who will develop a very severe scoliosis by age 16. Conclusion. These data on prognosis of scoliosis inform clinical decision making about the likelihood of progression to very severe scoliosis and the need for surgical management.
Regulation of transferrin receptor expression in myeloid leukemia cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Surface transferrin (Tf) receptors are displayed by cultured human hematopoietic cells and provide Fe required for cell growth. Cell cycle status, cell density in culture, exposure to Fe, and differentiation alter Tf receptor display by myeloid leukemia cells. To investigate mechanisms controlling Tf receptor expression, rates of receptor synthesis and steady-state mRNA levels were measured in HL60 promyelocytic cells grown in serum and serum-free media or after differentiation in response to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Although surface binding sites were unchanged during the first three days in culture with serum or in serum-free media containing Tf, by the third day, rates of receptor biosynthesis and steady-state mRNA levels declined, consistent with cell density-dependent, receptor regulation. Cells grown with soluble Fe instead of Tf showed reduced Tf binding sites, rates of receptor synthesis, and Tf receptor mRNA. When cells grown with Fe were subcultured, Tf receptor mRNA levels increased within 15 minutes and peaked by 24 hours. This was followed by a decline in receptor and gene expression so that by three days cells grown in the presence of Fe expressed approximately four times fewer receptors and had half the rates of Tf receptor synthesis and mRNA levels of cells grown in serum or Tf. Cells treated with DMSO showed a rapid decline in surface receptors, receptor synthesis, and steady- state mRNA levels. Modulation of Tf receptor expression was not due to redistribution between the cell surface and an internal receptor pool. In each instance, concurrent assessment of N-ras transcripts showed that changes in Tf receptor mRNA levels were not due to generalized alterations in protein synthesis. Exposure of cells grown in Fe or treated with DMSO to cycloheximide did not alter Tf receptor mRNA levels, thereby suggesting that receptor expression was not regulated by posttranscriptional processes dependent on protein synthesis. Actinomycin D inhibition of Tf receptor mRNA was compatible with a transcript half-life of approximately 2.2 hours. Nuclear transcription studies showed reduced rates of Tf receptor transcription after culture with Fe or exposure to DMSO. The present studies show complex patterns of Tf receptor gene regulation in cultured myeloid leukemia cells and demonstrate that transcriptional regulation is a major mechanism controlling Tf receptor gene expression in response to Fe and differentiation.
Understanding quality of life within occupational therapy intervention research: A scoping review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction There is little consensus regarding the meaning of quality of life ( QOL ) within occupational therapy literature. Measurement of QOL has varied in both research and practice. This scoping review explored the definitions and measures used within occupational therapy quantitative intervention research to evaluate QOL as an outcome. Methods The review was completed by searching six databases using occupational therapy‐related and QOL ‐related terms. Data were extracted from each article and authors performed descriptive statistics to establish trends for both definitions and measures. Results Eighteen publications met the inclusion criteria. Seven articles included a definition of QOL . Most authors defined QOL as a multidimensional construct, comprised of varying domains. Fourteen different standardised measures and two non‐standardised measures were utilised. Conclusions A clear conceptualisation of QOL that incorporates occupational therapy values such as client‐centredness and holism is needed to advocate for the profession's role in health care and to encourage the development of suitable outcome measures.
Vertebral artery dissection as the underlying cause of ventral spinal epidural haematoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous spine epidural haematoma is a rare occurrence, with an incidence of 0.1/100 000 inhabitants/year. The anterior location of the haematoma is very uncommon since the dural sac is firmly attached to the posterior longitudinal ligament. Vertebral artery dissection as its underlying cause is an exceptionally rare event, with only two documented cases. This article presents the case of young woman who arrived at the emergency room with a spinal ventral epidural haematoma extending from C2 to T10, caused by a non-traumatic dissecting aneurysm of the right vertebral artery at V2–V3 segment. Since the patient was tetraparetic, she underwent emergent laminectomy, and the vertebral artery dissection was subsequently treated endovascularly with stenting. Vertebral artery dissection with subsequent perivascular haemorrhage is a possible cause of spontaneous spine epidural haematoma, particularly when located ventrally in the cervical and/or high thoracic column. Hence the importance of a thorough investigation of the vertebral artery integrity.
A test of the somnolent mentation theory and the cognitive shuffle insomnia treatment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Insomnia affects about 33% of Americans according to Harvey &amp; Tang (2003) who called for new cognitive treatments. We will report preliminary results from a test of (a) the Somnolent Mentation theory (SMT) of sleep onset (SO) and (b) a new cognitive treatment for insomnia, the cognitive shuffle (CS), derived from the SMT (Beaudoin, 2013, 2014). According to SMT, incoherent mentation characteristic of SO is not merely a side-effect of the SO period but promotes it, meaning it is somnolent. The SMT identifies several types of insomnolent mentation, which involve sense making (e.g., problem solving). SMT postulates counter-insomnolent mentation, thought patterns that interfere with insomnolent mentation. The CS is predicted to be both somnolent and counter-insomnolent (super-somnolent). Participants either engage in constructive worry Carney &amp; Waters (2006) or in the CS using SomnoTest an iOS app developed by CogSci Apps Corp. (led by Beaudoin) based on mySleepButton®.&nbsp;
Should Humanism Approach Be Applied In English As A Second Language (ESL) Classrooms?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the process of learning, many elements fall into place wholly in order to enhance effectiveness. These elements include not only environmental factors but also learners’ mentality which involves their feelings, needs and interests. Humanism approach is one which caters these elements required by learners’ learning process through emphasis on student-centeredness in class. The paradigm of this approach is mainly on what learners are desire to learn, instead of teaching them what is perceived to be essentially acquired. For years, there have been controversial debates concerning the effectiveness of humanism approach in teaching. With the aim of scrutinizing the relevance and applicability of this approach in the Malaysian teaching context, a humanistic lesson was conducted and recorded in Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). The lesson was then analysed to obtain some results.
A Temporal Phase Mutation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Triazine-Resistant Brassica napus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to determine if there were variations in triazine-resistant and -susceptible Brassica napus leaf disc chlorophyll fluorescence (LCF) intensity in terms of: age of leaf on the plant and time of day. In growth room and field experiments triazine-susceptible B. napus cv. “Tower”, and triazine-resistant B. napus cv. OAC Triton” were used. Chlorophyll fluorescence intensity measurements were made 30 min after disc removal. In both environments, two periods of reduced photosynthetic efficiency occurred in the diurnal. The times that these periods occurred during the diurnal differed between biotvpes. A phase shift in LCF maxima between resistant and susceptible biotypes resulted in two periods, early and late in the light period of the diurnal, of increased LCF in resistant tissue. This differential pattern in LCF is support for the hypothesis that triazine resistance chloroplast alterations could imply an alteration in the temporal organization of chloroplast physiological function.
The Use of Compton Scattered Gamma Rays for Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A method of tomographic imaging of soft tissues by the use of Compton scattering of gamma rays is described. A highly collimated source (800 Ci of 60Co) and collimated detectors are used. Spatial resolutions of the order of 0.5 cm or better are achieved, with a density resoution of 2.0% to 4%. Experimental tests with dogs have shown internal organs in sagittal, coronal and transverse section. No contrast or radioactive material is required. Tests have shown that the regional dose for humans will be about 0.25 to 1 rad for one scan.
The Faces of Terrorism Social and Psychological Dimensions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Terrorism is the most clear and present danger we confront today, yet no phenomenon is more poorly understood by policymakers, the media, and the general public. The Faces of Terrorism is the first serious interdisciplinary examination of terrorism in all its facets. What gives rise to it, who are its proponents and how do they think, and how--and why--does it work? Neil Smelser begins by tackling the fundamental problem of defining what exactly terrorism is. He shows why a precise definition has eluded us until now, and he proposes one that takes into account the full complexities of this unconventional and politically charged brand of violence. He explores the root causes and conditions of terrorism, and examines the ideologies that inspire and fuel it throughout the world. Smelser looks closely at the terrorists themselves--their recruitment, their motivations, the groups they form, their intended audiences, and their uses of the media in pursuing their agendas. He studies the target societies as well, unraveling the complicated social and psychological impacts of having to cope with the ever-present threat of a terrorist strike--and responding when one occurs. He explains what it means to live under constant threat of terrorism, and addresses the thorny domestic and foreign policy challenges this poses. Throughout, Smelser draws from the latest findings in sociology, political science, anthropology, economics, psychology, psychiatry, and history. The Faces of Terrorism provides the breadth of scope necessary to understand--and ultimately eliminate--this most pressing global threat.
Penetrating Women’s Bodies: The Problem of Law and Medical Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women's bodies are a site of contested meanings. Feminist research has documented the extent to which women's bodies have been a focus of power struggles, but in this paper I want to build on these insights and ultimately to concentrate more on the question of how meanings are reproduced and sustained. We know, for example, that the medical profession has striven, with some success, to exercise what is now regarded by many as legitimate control over women's bodies (e.g., hospital rather than home births). We perhaps focus less on the meanings that have been produced in the process of exercising this control. Arguably we have paid less attention than we should to the production of deeply-held views about diseased, contagious and sexualised bodies and malfunctioning reproductive organs, all of which come in part to symbolise women — and even enter into women's consciousness.
Development of a Scale to Measure Psychosocial Risks and Protective Factors in Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Resilience among adolescents can best be understood by examining the risk and protective factors in the lives of at-risk adolescents. A standardized tool to identify adolescent psychosocial risk and protective factors may help better understand the strengths, vulnerabilities, and the potential for resilience among adolescents. Hence, the present study aims to identify and measure the risk and protective factors in the lives of adolescents. Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was used to develop a tool that measures risk and protective factors among adolescents. The qualitative study explored psychosocial risk and protective factors among high-risk adolescents using 4 major domains: individual, family, school, and community. To develop the tool, prisoners (N = 12), caregivers of the prisoners’ children (N = 12), teachers of the prisoners’ children (N = 12), and prison authorities (N = 12) were interviewed about their experiences with prisoners’ children. The interview data were analyzed, and items reflecting the risk and protective factors in the lives of the adolescent children of incarcerated parents were generated. The item pool consisting of 239 items was administered to a sample of 312 rural adolescent students. To validate the risk factors scale and protective factors scale, self-report scales measuring behavior problems, adjustment, well-being, and positivity were used. Results: The new tool developed to measure the risk and protective factors for adolescent psychosocial development was found to have adequate test-retest reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Conclusion: In this study, a scale to identify psychosocial risk and protective factors was developed and standardized. The tool will be helpful to psychologists and counselors working with adolescents to understand the risks and protective factors present in their lives and design interventions to nurture resilience in them.
LHD ICHPXI #78903.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Comparative Perspectives on Expropriation and Other Takings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In many countries, administrative limits to property rights are subject to procedural requirements which differ not only among jurisdictions but also within a given jurisdiction. England, France, Germany, and the United States share many commonalities and some distinctive features regarding these requirements. Although similarities may be noted, these four countries differ in terms of their constitutional and statutory framework and how their courts and authorities deal with administrative limits to property rights. Depending on the country, the power to expropriate land can be either centralised or decentralised. Furthermore, this power usually belongs to government and other public bodies, but may even be granted to private entities under certain specific circumstances. Some cross-cutting issues relating, for instance, to urban planning, urgent situations, the expropriation of land for the creation or expansion of private facilities, or regulatory taking highlight various commonalities and differences among England, France, Germany, and the United States. In these four countries, concrete facts and specific situations matter—or should matter—when property rights are subject to administrative limits. Even if the framework regarding expropriation and other takings is usually set by legislatures—and the importance of statutes should not be underestimated in this area; the role of governmental or administrative bodies and of reviewing courts, in case of litigation, is also of great importance. They usually enjoy some discretion in order to take into account all the relevant facts in a given situation.