jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leading Issues and challenges in the Agriculture Sector of Kerala

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper deals with the performance of agricultural sector of Kerala and the major issues existing in it. The study is based on secondary data collected from different official sources. Rapid changes have occurred in the agriculture sector of Kerala in terms of land utilization pattern in favor of non-agriculture sector and cropping pattern in favor of cash crops. There has been decrease in both net area sown and gross cropped area resulting in decline in cropping intensity. Kerala has also witnessed a structural transformation in agriculture from food crop cultivation to cash crop cultivation. The high returns obtained from commercial crops and non-agriculture sector are found to be the principal reason for the change. Along with that the fragmentation of land holdings, the severe shortage of labor existing in agriculture and the resultant increase in labor cost have made farming an unprofitable activity. All these changes have landed the State in a situation of food insecurity. The study has advocated for a comprehensive agricultural development strategy for the state.
INCLUSION OF STUDENTS WITH AUTISM IN REGULAR SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS WITHIN AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The present article refers to research with a qualitative-quantitative approach, for which the aim is to verify how the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) happens in common teaching at a public school in Marabá (PA) district. The work starts from a theoretical framework about the inclusion of the autistic child, and about the school and family roles in the child’s development, but also the challenges and needs of proper teacher training, in order for the inclusion to become effective. Regarding the methodological means, a survey was conducted with mixed questions, using Google Forms, aimed at 10 (ten) educational professionals, counting among them teachers, managers, and school coordinators from an elementary school in Marabá/PA district. The choice to use Google Forms was made because of the timing of the research, carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic period. The participants showed knowledge of the proposed theme, yet they still needed training courses and specific formation in dealing with autistic students. Regardless of this fact, to have the inclusion of these students in common teaching, respect for the limits imposed by the disorder should be linked to the use of resources and strategies to cater for students with ASD, especially since the benefits of an early diagnostic and partnership with other actors of the school environment, and also the family, are fundamental for them to feel as part of the society they live in, and see themselves as actors of rights, such as education, priority services, social assistance, culture, sport, among others.
Rachana Sharira in Ashtanga Hridaya: A Critical Analysis of Anatomical Descriptions and Their Applied Interpretations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review paper critically examines Rachana Sharira (Ayurvedic anatomy) as conceptualized in the Ashtanga Hridaya, authored by Acharya Vagbhata, with a focus on its structural descriptions, clinical interpretations, and educational relevance. While Sushruta Samhita is widely acknowledged for its surgical anatomy, Ashtanga Hridaya offers a unique synthesis of philosophical depth and anatomical clarity through its Sharira Sthana. The review aimed to explore the core anatomical constructs such as Srotas, Dhatus, Kalas, Marmas, and Garbha Sharira, and to evaluate their practical significance in both traditional and modern clinical contexts.Using a systematic review framework based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a total of 276 scholarly records were initially retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 41 high-quality sources were finalized for analysis. These included classical text interpretations, clinical case studies, educational models, and interdisciplinary studies linking Ayurvedic structures with modern anatomical science. Key findings suggest that Vagbhata’s anatomical descriptions, although often metaphorically framed, correspond functionally to contemporary anatomical concepts and are highly applicable in therapies such as Nasya, Basti, and Marma Chikitsa. Moreover, the review identifies significant gaps, such as the lack of standardized anatomical illustrations, underutilization in pedagogy, and minimal integration with digital tools or imaging technologies. It proposes the need for collaborative efforts to digitize and contextualize Rachana Sharira for integrative healthcare. Overall, this study underscores the continued relevance of Ashtanga Hridaya in anatomical science, advocating for its revival through curricular reforms, digital tools, and interdisciplinary research that bridges traditional knowledge with biomedical paradigms.
GUARANTEES OF THE RIGHT TO A FAIR CIVIL TRIAL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to ensure the effective protection of human rights and provide for more than theoretical and illusory substantive rights, the need to define the right to a fair trial is emerging, along with the necessity that litigants become aware of the guarantees established by article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Thus, the article aims to approach the ample issue regarding the litigants’ right to a fair civi l trial in light of current legal regulations, and in particular, in light of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Given the fact that the right to a fair civil trial involves establishing, throughout the trial, a set of rules of procedure aimed at creating a balance between the parties in the process the so-called guarantees of a fair trial in her scientific pursuits, the author analyzes both explicit and implicit guarantees of fair trial, highlighting relevant European standards as well as their degree of implementation in the national (procedural) law.
Influence of data volume and EPC on process window in massively parallel e-beam direct write

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multiple e-beam direct write lithography (MEBDW), using >10,000 e-beams writing in parallel, proposed by MAPPER, KLA-Tencor, and IMS is a potential solution for 20-nm half-pitch and beyond. The raster scan in MEBDW makes bitmap its data format. Data handling becomes indispensable since bitmap needs a huge data volume due to the fine pixel size to keep the CD accuracy after e-beam proximity correction (EPC). In fact, in 10,000-beam MEBDW, for a 10 WPH tool of 1-nm pixel size and 1-bit gray level, the aggregated data transmission rate would be up to 1963 Tera bits per second (bps), requiring 19,630 fibers transmitting 10 Gbps in each fiber. The data rate per beam would be <20 Gbps. Hence data reduction using bigger pixel size, fewer grey levels to achieve sub-nm EPC accuracy, and data truncation have been extensively studied. In this paper, process window assessment through Exposure-Defocus (E-D) Forest to quantitatively characterize the data truncation before and after EPC is reported. REBL electron optics, electron scattering in resist, and resist acid diffusion are considered, to construct the E-D Forest and to analyze the imaging performance of the most representative layers and patterns, such as critical line/space and hole layers with minimum pitch, cutting layers, and implant layers, for the 10-nm, and 7-nm nodes.
Fuzzy dynamic fault tree analysis for electro-mechanical actuator based on algebraic model with common-cause failures

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with fuzzy dynamic fault tree analysis for the electro-mechanical actuator with common-cause failures to provide fast fault location strategy. To fully describe the level of uncertainty of basic events, triangle fuzzy set is used. Temporal operators are defined, algebraic model is used to model and analyze dynamic fault tree of the electro-mechanical actuator and is general to all kind of life distribution. An innovative common-cause gate with incomplete common-cause under consideration is raised and it can also match the algebraic model analysis method. Fuzzy probability importance is computed by level-progressive strategy, and complexity of solving entirely is avoided and calculation time is reduced. The analysis result shows that the method is flexible and effectively done with the reliability analysis of electro-mechanical actuator and can provide suggestions for faults location.
Comparison of finite-difference time-domain SAR calculations with measurements in a heterogeneous model of man

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A finite-difference time-domain technique was used to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) at various sites in a heterogeneous block model of man. The block model represented a close approximation to a full-scale heterogeneous phantom model. Both models were comprised of a skeleton, brain, lungs, and muscle. Measurements were conducted in the phantom model using an implantable electric-field probe and a computer-controlled data acquisition system. The calculation and measurement of SAR distributions were compared primarily in the head (including the neck) and chest. To obtain the necessary spatial resolution with the computer model, the head and neck were modeled with approximately 105,000 cells, while 86,000 cells were used to configure the chest. Planewave fields, polarized in the E orientation, were utilized to irradiate the models at an exposure frequency of 350 MHz. Reasonable correlation existed between the calculations and measurements.
First Report on the Soaking Seeds with Circulating Water and Coating Seeds with Rice Seedling-Protecting Seed Coating Agent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using the technology of soaking seeds with circulating water to study the control efficiency when the medicament fall off,the results indicated that soak seeds using aerobic homothermal soaking seed machine or circulation pump will be no severe effect on the peeling of medicament and does not affect the effect to prevent disease,it can increase the seed quality,germinating potential and germination rate and made the emergence Fast and orderliness.
Reconstruction of the Necrotic Scrotum with Hydrosurgery System and Pedicle DIEP Flap: A Case Report of Fournier Gangrene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Despite medical advances, the mortality rate associated with Fournier gangrene has remained largely unchanged and extremely high. In addition, conventional surgical treatment of Fournier gangrene of the scrotum requires excision of the testicles in some cases, which can result in loss of fertility. We report herein the favorable results of reconstruction of the scrotum following Fournier gangrene, using the hydrosurgery system and pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. A 60-year-old male patient was urgently transported to our hospital for fever, lower abdominal pain, and scrotal pain for several days. He was diagnosed with Fournier gangrene and underwent an emergency debridement procedure on the same day. Later, we performed a 2-phase reconstruction with a hydrosurgery system and pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap under general anesthesia for the postoperative tissue defect. At 6 months postoperatively, there was no ulceration or scar contracture, and the results were aesthetically pleasing. There are no reported cases of reconstruction of the scrotum following Fournier gangrene using this procedure, and it might be an effective treatment option.
Quantitative Analysis of Pseudoephedrine in Formulation by Potentiometric Membrane Sensor; Computational Investigation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A potentiometric electrode was developed for the rapid determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. The electrode incorporates a PVC membrane with a pseudoephedrine-tetraphenyl borate ion-pair complex. The influences of membrane composition, pH of the test solution, and the interfering ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride ions over a relatively wide concentration range (1.0×10-5 to 1.0×10-1 mol L-1) with a slope of 56.2±0.5 mV per decade at 25°C. It can be used in the pH range of 4.9-6.5. The membrane sensor was successfully applied to determination of pseudoephedrine in its formulations. The agreement mutually verifies the accuracy of experimental method and the validity of computational calculations. Validation of the method shows suitability of the sensors for applies in the quality control analysis of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation.
Platelet activation, endothelial cell dysfunction in the absence of anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), von Willebrand factor activity and platelet function was studied in 35 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) scleroderma and 22 healthy controls. aCL positivity was observed in no patient with SSc or controls, whereas beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 levels were significantly higher in patients with SSc (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, plasma from patients with SSc had a greater degree of aggregation to adenosine diphosphate 1 microM (p less than 0.05) but not to collagen or arachidonic acid. The plasma of patients with scleroderma also had increased von Willebrand factor activity compared with controls (p less than 0.001). We conclude that aCL appears not to play a central role in the pathogenesis of vascular and hemostatic alterations in SSc.
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Field of Education and Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 has affected all sectors of the economy. The pandemic has had a tangible impact on the sphere of higher education, including graduate school. A radical restructuring of the educational process of universities: lectures and practical classes, laboratory work through distance technologies were transferred to the online environment. At this stage, the leading role is assigned to the most diverse aspects of natural science research, which are a catalyst for such disciplines as: mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, as well as nanotechnology - the exponentially growing powers of these processes occupy dominant positions.
Provision of Local Food-Based Formula Using Pila Ampullacea, Tempeh, and Moringa Oleifera Leaves to the Acceptability and Nutrition Intake in Hemodialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: One of the actions that can be taken to overcome malnutrition in hemodialysis is to improve nutrient intake. It is necessary to provide local food-based formula using Pila ampullacea, tempeh with local soybean, and Moringa oleifera leaves for hemodialysis patients.Objective: To analyze the effect of local food-based formula using Pila ampullacea, tempeh, and Moringa oleifera leaves to the acceptability and nutrition intake in hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from February to March 2020. Subjects were 54 maintenance hemodialysis patients who met the criteria of study. The independent variable was the provision of local food-based formula, while the dependent variable were the acceptability and nutrition intake.Results: As many as 42.59% of subjects were able to consume all the formula given for three days and 50% of subjects have good acceptance of the local food-based formula. The effect of formula intake to the total intake of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, water, calcium, phosphorus, iron showed p-value <0.05, but p-value ≥0.05 for protein, fat, sodium, and potassium. The effect of the non-formula intake to the total intake for all nutrients showed p-value <0.05.Conclusion: Most of the subjects have a good acceptance of the local food-based formula. Formula intake affects total intake of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, water, calcium, phosphorus, and iron, but does not affect total intake of protein, fat, sodium, and potassium. The total intake for all nutrients was affected by the subject's intake of non-formula sources.
What Can Zebrafish Teach Us About Fear?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Fear can sometimes paralyze us, and it can sometimes be exciting; for some people, fear is so crippling it can significantly mix up their lifes! We understand a little bit about how the brain acts when we are afraid, mainly by studying the brains of animals. Recently, surprising findings were made using a humble animal, the zebrafish &ndash; a small aquarium fish that in the past has helped scientists figure out how our organs develop. Zebrafish are useful because they develop quickly, reproduce richly, and have brains which are similar to ours. They also produce what we call an &ldquo;alarm substance&rdquo; that alerts shoalmates when one of them has been injured; when they smell this substance in the water they act as if they are very scared. When this happens, they release serotonin in their brains, a neurotransmitter that acts as a light switch, making them less afraid but more cautious &ndash; as if trying to figure out if a predator is there or not. Hopefully, finding more about how the zebrafish brains process this serotonin signal can help scientists develop better treatments for mental disorders that are associated with fear.
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma and BK virus in a young kidney transplant recipient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Kidney transplant recipients have a heightened risk of developing neoplasms. Immunosuppressive treatments decrease the incidence of transplant rejection but increase the risk of infections, including BK virus ( BKV ). This infection is acquired in childhood and remains latent in the renal and urinary epithelium. In cases of immunodeficiency, BKV has been implicated as a tumor virus, but the role of BKV in cancer is a controversial topic and is difficult to determine. In the tumor cells, it is possible to detect fragments of the viral genome that could alter the control mechanisms of the cell cycle and DNA repair. We report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed BKV nephropathy and carcinoma of the bladder, supporting a possible role for BKV in the oncogenic pathway in this clinical setting, but the role of BKV in cancer remains a controversial topic and difficult to determine.
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a common arrhythmia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction but its incidence, predictors, and significance have not been determined in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods We performed a retrospective review of arrhythmias in two cohorts of patients with an HFpEF diagnosis. Patients in cohort 1 (n = 40) underwent routine arrhythmia surveillance with a 14‐day ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor. Patients in cohort 2 (n = 85) had cardiac pacemakers and underwent routine device interrogations. Results In cohort 1, 13 patients (32.5%) had one or more episodes of nonsustained VT (NSVT) on ambulatory ECG. In cohort 2, 38 patients (44.7%) had NSVT on cardiac pacemaker interrogations. During a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 3.0 (1.6 to 5.1) years, 15 (12%) patients died (20% of patients with NSVT versus 6.8% of those without NSVT; P = .03). In logistic regression analysis, NSVT was associated with a 3.4‐fold higher odds of death (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 10.53; P = .04) in HFpEF. Conclusions In conclusion, patients with HFpEF have a relatively high, and possibly underappreciated, burden of NSVT, which confers a higher risk of mortality. The frequent episodes of NSVT in these patients may provide insight into the mechanism of sudden cardiac death in HFpEF.
Formation and magnetic properties of metastable phases (Fe<inf>5</inf>Sm, Fe<inf>7</inf>Sm<inf>2</inf>) in binary Fe-Sm alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In binary Fe 100-x Sm x alloy system, metastable Fe 5 Sm and Fe 7 Sm 2 phases were obtained both by crystallization of amorphous precursor and by direct-quenching at controlled rates. The heat-treated Fe-Sm alloys involving the Fe 7 Sm 2 exhibit a huge coercive force, suggesting a possibility to develop permanent magnets in these alloys.
Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant. Areas covered: We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of iodide/bromide to form hypohalites. A third mechanism involves a one-electron oxidation of azide anion to form azide radical. Expert commentary: The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of localized infection. KI is non-toxic and is an approved drug for antifungal therapy, so its transition to clinical use in aPDT should be straightforward.
Utilizing Modern Frac Baffles Improves Completion Efficiencies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As hydrocarbon production costs rise, the need for greater completion and production efficiency is becoming increasingly important. The Haley Field in the Delaware Basin of West Texas has begun utilizing frac baffles in order to improve the overall efficiency of the multi-stage completion process. The frac baffles, which are strategically placed within the casing string, allow for zonal isolation by means of dropping a frac ball that seats on the frac baffle at the specified depth. The isolated zone is then ready to be perforated and fractured. The process of utilizing frac baffles has proven to be more efficient compared to the traditional method of setting composite bridge plugs for zonal isolation. First, the need for wireline is reduced because there is no need to set composite bridge plugs. Additionally, the challenges experienced with setting and milling the composite bridges plugs are completely eliminated. Finally, the processes of perforating, stimulating, and coiled tubing milling have been dramatically improved. In particular, coiled tubing milling of the frac baffles / balls has improved in the areas of milling speed, coiled tubing cycling, and circulation of milled particles returned. Most important, is the significant operational time savings, which allows the well to be brought on production faster. Since October 2006, approximately 30 wells have been completed with this method. This paper provides an introduction to the frac baffle technology and shows how the utilization of frac baffles has improved the efficiency of the completion process. Specifically, the improvement with coiled tubing milling of the frac baffles / balls over the traditional composite bridge plugs is compared and discussed.