jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of a 14-Day Regimen of Electrical Stimulation Involving Large Portions of the Cerebral Mass on Later Habit Acquisition in the Rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Four groups of rats, one of which served as a normal, nonoperated group, were used. The other three groups were operated and fitted with an electrode carrier of eight electrodes of varying lengths arranged in a 7.5 mm X 5 mm rectangle. About 10 or 12 days after surgery, the following groups of animals underwent a 14-day regimen wherein each animal spent 15 min in a deep, metal, electrically insulated cylinder: Group A, normal, nonoperated group, with no intervention; Group B, stimulated each day with 45 trains of rectangular biphasic pulses (3 trains per min) at the rate of 20 pulses per second (pps); Group C, the same but at the rate of 100 pps; Group D, the same but 180 pps. After a 48-hr fast and without benefit of shaping, each animal was placed for 60 min in a lever-pressing device and was rewarded with a pellet after each three to four presses. The resulting performance curves showed no improvement in pressing rate for Group A; marginal improvement for Group B; definite improvement for Group C; and the greatest improvement for Group D, the terminal rate being almost twice that of Group C.
La previsibilidad en la culpa aquiliana

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At present there is innumerable legal literature about the requirements that constitute tort liability, and how these are effective against the elements that are within the chain of the generating event that causes the damage. The present work has no other ambition than to be able to notice the importance of observing historical experience (in its dogmatic value) to solve current causes. In this way, through doctrine and jurisprudence, we will travel in time to demonstrate that the solution to a current problem was already resolved by Roman Law, and thus highlight its usefulness that not only has a historical and mediate link, but also a model, of a logical nature, which can be immediate. However, we will emphasize one of the three requirements of extracontractual liability, namely: the factor of subjective attribution (fault). In him we will attend to the predictability and its consubstantiality with Aquilian guilt.
Upscaling and Downscaling—A Regional View of the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The strength of interaction among soil, plants, and atmosphere depends highly on scale. As the spatial scale of organized soil–plant behavior (e.g., soil drying and/or stomatal closure) increases, so does the influence the land surface has on atmospheric properties and circulations. Counterbalancing this is a system of feedback loops that serve to reduce the sensitivity of surface fluxes to changes in surface conditions. Model upscaling involves capturing land–atmosphere feedbacks and effects of land surface heterogeneity on surface fluxes and atmospheric boundary‐layer dynamics that become operative at progressively larger spatial scales. Conversely, by downscaling, we learn how to appropriately parameterize subgrid‐scale phenomena within large‐scale modeling frameworks. This paper discusses some of the major challenges faced today in properly describing system behavior at regional spatial scales. We focus on a suite of simple biophysical models, tied closely to remote sensing, that work synergistically from canopy to mesoscales. This suite includes a diagnostic regional‐scale model used for routine mapping of flux and moisture conditions across the United States at 10‐km resolution. A related approach disaggregates regional flux estimates to local scales (10 0 –10 2 m) for comparison with ground‐based measurements or for use in site‐specific agricultural or resource management applications. Coupled with turbulence‐ and mesoscale atmospheric models, the core land surface representation provides means for assimilating remote sensing data into large‐eddy simulations and improving short‐range weather forecasts. This multiscale modeling framework is being utilized in a concerted research effort aimed at identifying scale‐relevant land–atmosphere feedbacks and representing surface heterogeneity efficiently and robustly in regional modeling schemes.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STAGES OF SMOKING ACQUISITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AMONG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To study the relationship of stages of smoking acquisition and environmental factors, 757 Japanese junior high school students (390 boys and 367 girls) anonymously answered a questionnaire regarding the four stages of smoking acquisition (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action stages) and environmental factors of smoking behavior. Analysis showed that the influence of advertising and students' interpersonal situations on smoking behavior increased from the precontemplation stage to the action stage.
ChemInform Abstract: ′Halex′ Fluorination of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrachlorobenzene in a Pressure Reactor.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Does Federal Financial Aid Affect College Enrollment? Evidence from Drug Offenders and the Higher Education Act of 1998

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In 2001, amendments to the Higher Education Act made people convicted of drug offenses ineligible for federal financial aid for up to two years after their conviction.Using rich data on educational outcomes and drug charges in the NLSY 1997, we show that this law change had a large negative impact on the college attendance of students with drug convictions.On average, the temporary ban on federal financial aid increased the amount of time between high school graduation and college enrollment by about two years, and we also present suggestive evidence that affected students were less likely to ever enroll in college.Students living in urban areas and those whose mothers did not attend college appear to be the most affected by these amendments.Importantly, we do not find that the law deterred young people from committing drug felonies nor did it substantively change the probability that high school students with drug convictions graduated from high school.We find no evidence of a change in college enrollment of students convicted of non-drug crimes, or of those charged by not convicted of drug offenses.In contrast to much of the existing research, we conclude that, for this high-risk group of students, eligibility for federal financial aid strongly impacts college investment decisions.
A method of measuring the temporal/distance factors of gait.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There exist many clinical situations where it is desirable to have some measure of a patient's ability to walk. The complex nature of human locomotion is reflected by the number of parameters that have been measured in previous studies of gait analysis. The temporal/distance factors of gait have been found to be extremely useful as a measure of a person's functional mobility. This paper describes a system which has been developed to measure these parameters of gait.
Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Artificial Intelligence Applications for Industrial IOT Driven Digital Transformation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought about a revolution in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) driving digital transformation, which now includes data analytics, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and mobile connectivity. This paper delves into the effectiveness of existing privacy protection measures, as well as the challenges and opportunities presented by emerging technologies such as unified encryption and machine learning. Additionally, the paper provides insights into the processes required for industry-specific compliance with relevant laws and regulations. The findings emphasize the crucial role privacy plays in AI applications for IIoT systems and shed light on the strategies, obstacles, and prospects that organizations must navigate in this rapidly evolving landscape.
Old, New or Digital Philology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Manuscript studies overlap with and make use of other disciplines such as diplomatic, philology, palaeography, and codicology. The focus of these fields together is to examine the intellectual history in a particular period or culture. In the Islamic manuscripts’ realm, various approaches and methods exist to study the text and decipher the content to make it available for scholarship. The outcome of this text-centric approach attempts to recreating the closest text intended by the author. Textual analysis, text criticism or critical editing of manuscripts brings the content to the forefront of scholarship, passing through many interconnected steps. However, there are methodical differences between western and eastern approaches to scholarships in this regard. This chapter aims to demonstrate the development of the textual studies of Islamic manuscripts (manāhij al-taḥqīq) in the past two centuries, including the newly established method of Digital Humanities. The chapter also suggests that working toward an integrated approach to study Islamic manuscripts will directly impact the field of Islamic studies. One immediate advantage is to assist in speeding up the analysis and publishing of the vast volume of still unedited collections of manuscripts, especially in some contentious areas in Islam.
A New, Stereoselective Approach to the [3.3.3]Propellane System: Synthesis of (±)‐modhephene. Preliminary communication

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The unusual propellane skeleton of the sesquiterpene modhephene ( 1 ) has been synthesized starting from cyclopentenone ( 2 ). The key step 6 → 7 is an efficient and highly stereoselective intramolecular thermal ene‐reaction. Further elaboration of the propellane 7 gave the enone 10 which had been previously converted to (±)‐modhephene ( 1 ) in three steps.
Sumoylation of the transcription factor Nrf2 (739.3)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor Nrf2 induces transcription by binding to the antioxidant response element(s) in target gene promoters, enabling oxidatively stressed cells to mount a response to oxidative stress in order to restore redox homeostasis. To act as a transcription factor, Nrf2 must be separated from its inhibitory protein Keap1. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) that mediate separation of Nrf2 from Keap1 have been extensively studied but PTMs that impact its biology after this separation are just beginning to emerge. Using in vitro sumoylation assay and other methods, we demonstrated that Nrf2 is a SUMO‐targeted protein [Malloy et al. (2013) JBC 288, 14569‐14583]. Here, we have used three SUMO site‐predicting algorithms (SeeSUMO, SUMOsp and SUMOplot) to locate putative SUMO‐binding sites in mouse Nrf2. Three of the fifteen putative sumoylation sites identified by these algorithms have high probability scores on all three prediction algorithms. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, Co‐IP, and in vitro sumoylation assays, we investigated which of these sites is/are authentic for SUMO conjugation. We also assessed whether sumoylating Nrf2 impacts its transcriptional activity. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH grants SC1CA143985, 5T32 GM07628‐34 and CTSA award No.UL1TR000445 from the NCATS.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Detection of electroporation-induced membrane permeabilization states in the brain using diffusion-weighted MRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 License which permits users to download and share the article for non-commercial purposes, so long as the article is reproduced in the whole without changes, and provided the original source is credited.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from Encholirium spectabile, a species belonging to the Bromeliaceae family, were investigated. This species is known in Brazil as ââ‚¬Å“macambira de flechaââ‚¬Â . In this study, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging and ÎÂ²-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and compared with the reference compounds ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The antibacterial effect was evaluated by the method of microdilution. Preliminary analysis demonstrated that the extracts were found to be positive for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans, monoterpenes, diterpenes, steroids and triterpenoids. The most significant total phenolic content was of 206.4 ÂÂ± 29.14 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g for ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt), and 106.7 ÂÂ± 3.35 for chloroform extract (CHCl3). The total flavonoids content was of 279.3 ÂÂ± 18.88 mg of catechin equivalent/g for AcOEt extract. The AcOEt extract presented the best antioxidant activity (IC50 18.51 ÂÂ± 2.90 ÎÂ¼g/ml) for DPPH scavenging. BHA was the most effective antioxidant. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed activity against most of the microorganisms tested, especially Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens, Shigela flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus. Future investigations will be focused on isolation of chemical constituents.
Proportional chamber with 1 mm spacing of the signal wires

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The construction of a three-coordinate proportional chamber with a 256 x 256 mm working region and with 1.0 and 2.0 mm spacing of the signal wires is described and its characteristics are presented. A charged-particle recording efficiency of 99% was achieved with the gas mixture Ar + 20% C/sub 4/H/sub 10/ + 2% C/sub 3/H/sub 8/O/sub 2/ + 0.3% CF/sub 3/Br. The plateau on the efficiency curve equaled 750 and greater than 1000 V and the spatial resolution equaled 0.318 and 0.67 mm for planes with spacings of 1 and 2 mm respectively. The effect of proportional chambers on the accuracy with which the coordinates of the vertices of the multitrack events were determined with a BIS-2 spectrometer was studied.
Studies on the effect of culture, liquid and capsulated bio fertilizer on growth attributes of vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted at the farm of Research cum Demonstration Farm, DKSCARS, Bhatapara, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during the rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The growth parameters like days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of nodules per plant, fresh weight of nodules per plant (mg), dry weight of nodules per plant (mg), fresh plant weight per plant (g) were significantly superior in the T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF), while remained other treatments namely T12 (Rhizobium (Culture) + P.S.B. (Culture) + 100% RDF), T14 (Rhizobium (Capsulated) + P.S.B. (Capsulated) + 100 % RDF), T2 (RDF Only (25:50:50) NPK/ha), T5 (Rhizobium (Capsule) + PK Supplied Through Fertilizer (0:50:50)), T1 (Control (no fertilizer apply)) for cut flower production and garden display under Chhattisgarh plain. The mean data revealed that among all the treatments, significant earliness in days to 50 % flowering (33.95) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100 % RDF). The mean data at harvest, revealed that, significantly highest plant height (55.47) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100 % RDF). The mean data at harvest revealed that, significantly highest number of branches per plant (11.12) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF). The significant highest number of nodules per plant (28.29) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF). The significant highest fresh weight of nodules per plant (mg) (4450.00) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF). The significant maximum dry weight of nodules per plant (mg) (825.00) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100 % RDF). The significant fresh plant weight per plant (g) (141.00) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF).
Reproductive strategies of male and female Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reproductive strategies of male and female Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856 were investigated from samples obtained from commercial catches and research cruises in Irish waters. In females maturity increased with size, but in males two modes in the size at maturity were identified, with approximately 40% mature at small size (180–200 mm mantle length), and the remainder mature at >250 mm mantle length. The difference in estimated age of the two modes of mature males was small, so size differences were probably due to different growth rates. Growth and maturation proceeded together in both sexes over much of the life-cycle. The effect of maturation on relative growth of somatic tissues was examined using analysis of covariance and multivariate regressions. In males there was a significant decline in total mass, and in mass of mantle, head and viscera, relative to mantle length with maturation. In females total mass was not significantly affected by maturation, but relative masses of head, mantle and viscera declined with maturation, indicating that energy was diverted from somatic growth to gonad production. Potential fecundity estimates were obtained by counting eggs and ova in the oviduct and ovary of mature females and were in the range 2500 to 10,500 (mean 5800). Fecundity was positively related to mantle length. The ovaries of mature females contained a range of egg sizes and developmental stages, indicating that spawning probably occurs intermittently.
Mixed Methods for Implementation Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many public sector service systems and provider organizations are in some phase of learning about or implementing evidence-based interventions. Child welfare service systems represent a context where implementation spans system, management, and organizational concerns. Research utilizing mixed methods that combine qualitative and quantitative design, data collection, and analytic approaches are particularly well suited to understanding both the process and outcomes of dissemination and implementation efforts in child welfare systems. This article describes the process of using mixed methods in implementation research and provides an applied example of an examination of factors impacting staff retention during an evidence-based intervention implementation in a statewide child welfare system. The authors integrate qualitative data with previously published quantitative analyses of job autonomy and staff turnover during this statewide implementation project in order to illustrate the utility of mixed method approaches in providing a more comprehensive understanding of opportunities and challenges in implementation research.
A framework for sustaining the continuity of interaction in Web-based learning environment for engineering education

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: This paper presents an innovative approach that can facilitate Web-based collaborative hands-on activities in engineering education. We present a framework that helps to sustain the continuity of interaction in flexible learning. The proposed approach is based on Activity Theory and focuses on the mediation role of collaboration artifacts within a learning community in Web-based experimentation environments. The artifacts serve both as a medium and as a product of the collaboration process in the community. We have developed the eJournal as an implementation of collaboration artifacts to support knowledge acquisition and reinforcement in a collaborative way. The eJournal is integrated into the eMersion environment, which is currently used to supply online experiments for various practical courses offered by the School of Engineering at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). The paper also presents two case studies and some evaluation results.
Implementation of Foundation Program under “Graduate Medical Regulations 2019” for first professional MBBS students at a Medical College located in western India - A transformative learning experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Students enter new environment in medical colleges at around 17 years of age directly from school which can be challenging. Therefore, in Graduate Medical Regulations 2019 of India, attempt has been made to orient medical learners to MBBS program and provide them with requisite knowledge, communication, technical and language skills through a month-long foundation program. The purpose of this study is to share learning and to document feedback and best practices that would enhance the value and structure of the program in coming years. Methodology: Descriptive evaluation of the foundation program implemented at a medical college located in western India as per the guidelines of the Curriculum Implementation Support Program (CISP). This program was implemented by all medical colleges under the ambit of Medical Council of India from August 2019. Teaching-Learning Methods:Interactive sessions and assessment mainly based on reflective writing or by verbal/written feedback. To help in program evaluation and refinementa pretested semi-structured questionnaire administered to the students and faculty to gather their perceptions about various aspects of the course on a Likert scale of 1-5; 5-Strongly agree, 4-Agree, 3-Uncertain, 2-Disagree, 1-Strongly Disagree and three open-ended questions at the end of the course. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and descriptive statistics utilized for interpretation of perceptions, themes and direct quotation used in the analysis. Take home Message: The enthusiasm, hard work and integrated effort by the faculty members who participated in the program were extremely important for the success of this course. It is learnt that the Foundation program highlights benefits, is a valuable vehicle for increasing students' overall confidence. There are challenges involved in operationalization viz; it requires more time and effort from faculty, at least in the initial phases of program development.