jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Localized alteration of ferrihydrite natural organic matter coprecipitates following reaction with Fe(II)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Coprecipitation of natural organic matter (NOM) with ferrihydrite (Fh) can alter the trajectory of Fe(II)‐catalyzed transformation. High C/Fe molar ratio Fh‐NOM coprecipitates are expected to resist transformation completely and preserve organic matter (OM). To explore how heterogeneous NOM would influence this process, we reacted low (0.8) and high (1.8) C/Fe molar ratio Fh‐NOM coprecipitates (synthesized with a 13 C‐labeled plant litter extract) with 2 mM Fe(II) for 1 and 14 d under anoxic conditions and examined changes in the solid phase with Mössbauer spectroscopy (MBS) and secondary electron images using scanning transmission electron microscope. Mössbauer spectroscopy data suggests Fe(II) interaction with coprecipitates increases Fe mineral crystallinity, as did lower molar C/Fe ratios and longer aging times. However, de novo crystal phase development was only observed (via secondary electron images) in the Fe(II)‐reacted coprecipitates and only when the organic carbon (OC) loading was low. For example, the low C/Fe coprecipitate developed localized lath‐like crystal phases after 1 d of reaction with Fe(II), while the lath‐like phases only developed in the high C/Fe coprecipitates after they lost some NOM (C/Fe ratio decreased from 1.8 to 0.7) and reacted with Fe(II) for 14 d. In addition, partial exchange of coprecipitate 13 C‐NOM for C in the media (likely the organic PIPES buffer) occurred in all treatments but was accentuated by reaction with Fe(II), suggesting coprecipitate OM composition likely evolves over time, especially when exposed to Fe(II). Our findings suggest that Fe(II) mediated Fh‐NOM transformation is highly dynamic and has the potential to influence the stability of NOM in Fh.
Long-term plasma-exchange. (A feasible treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cost of long-term plasma-exchange is comparable with that of chronic hemodialysis and less than long-term residential care. If it could be shown that it saved lives or enabled patients to live in the community when they would otherwise be disabled, then the cost would not matter. At present, however, although there are suggestions that it may save lives in such diseases as myeloma and macroglobulinemia and reduce disability in the connective tissue disorders, these benefits are not well enough documented to justify its routine introduction.
Does Financial Risk Matter for Financial Performance in Sharia Banks?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to examine the impact of operational, liquidity, and credit risks on financial performance (ROA) at national Islamic commercial banks from 2015 to 2021. The model includes control variables such as technological risk (E-Banking) and macroeconomic variables (BI rate and inflation). This study used seven national Islamic banking businesses as examples. This work employs the panel data regression technique to investigate a mixture of time series from 2015 to 2021. In this study, the independent variables are credit risk as measured by Non-Performing Finance (NPF), liquidity risk as measured by Finance to Deposit Ratio (FDR), operational risk as measured by Operations Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO), and performance bank finances as measured by Return on Assets (ROA). According to the study’s findings, the variable credit risk (NPF), operational risk (BOPO), and technological risk (E-Banking) all significantly and negatively affect financial performance (ROA). Meanwhile, neither liquidity risk nor inflation has a significant positive impact on financial performance (ROA). Furthermore, the BI rate has a negative, but not statistically significant, impact on financial performance (ROA).
mRNA Vaccine Delivery Using Lipid Nanoparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

mRNA vaccines elicit a potent immune response including antibodies and cytotoxic T cells. mRNA vaccines are currently evaluated in clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy applications, but also have great potential as prophylactic vaccines. Efficient delivery of mRNA vaccines will be key for their success and translation to the clinic. Among potential nonviral vectors, lipid nanoparticles are particularly promising. Indeed, lipid nanoparticles can be synthesized with relative ease in a scalable manner, protect the mRNA against degradation, facilitate endosomal escape, can be targeted to the desired cell type by surface decoration with ligands, and as needed, can be codelivered with adjuvants.
Effects of nifedipine and menidipine on cardiac function and βadrenoceptor density in ischemicreperfused rat hearts after metoprolol withdrawal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of nifedipine (Nif) and menidipine (Men) on cardiac function and myocardium βadrenoceptor density in isolated ischemicreperfused rat hearts after metoprolol (Met) withdrawal were investigated. Ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (20 min) reduced left ventricular systolic function, held down the starling curve; lifted left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the pressurevolume (PV) relationship curve. Met (50 mg·kg1·d1, ig, 2 weeks, withdrawal 1 d) slightly improved cardiac function. Met (administrated as above) plus Nif or Men (5 mg·kg1·d1, ig, from 3 d before experiment, 0.5 μmol·L1 for ischemia perfusion) significantly improved left ventricular systolic pressure, ±dp/dtmax, heart rate and coronary flow, decreased the abnormal rise of LVEDP, made both the starling and PV curves closing to the control. Myocardium βadrenoceptor density was increased after either Met withdrawal or/and ischemiareperfusion, Nif or Men kept the number of βadrenoceptor being normal. These results suggest that the protective effects of Nif and Men on ischemia reperfusion myocardium after Met withdrawal be related to their effects on the βadrenoceptor number stabilizing.
Membrane Phenotypic, Metabolic and Genotypic Adaptations of Streptococcus oralis Strains Destined to Rapidly Develop Stable, High-Level Daptomycin Resistance during Daptomycin Exposures

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Streptococcus mitis-oralis subgroup of viridans group streptococci are important human pathogens. We previously showed that a substantial portion of S. mitis-oralis strains (>25%) are ‘destined’ to develop rapid, high-level, and stable daptomycin (DAP) resistance (DAP-R) during DAP exposures in vitro. Such DAP-R is often accompanied by perturbations in distinct membrane phenotypes and metabolic pathways. The current study evaluated two S. oralis bloodstream isolates, 73 and 205. Strain 73 developed stable, high-level DAP-R (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] > 256 µg/mL) within 2 days of in vitro DAP passage (“high level” DAP-R [HLDR]). In contrast, strain 205 evolved low-level and unstable DAP-R (MIC = 8 µg/mL) under the same exposure conditions in vitro (“non-HLDR”). Comparing the parental 73 vs. 73-D2 (HLDR) strain-pair, we observed the 73-D2 had the following major differences: (i) altered cell membrane (CM) phospholipid profiles, featuring the disappearance of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL), with accumulation of the PG-CL pathway precursor, phosphatidic acid (PA); (ii) enhanced CM fluidity; (iii) increased DAP surface binding; (iv) reduced growth rates; (v) decreased glucose utilization and lactate accumulation; and (vi) increased enzymatic activity within the glycolytic (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) and lipid biosynthetic (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GPDH]) pathways. In contrast, the 205 (non-HLDR) strain-pair did not show these same phenotypic or metabolic changes over the 2-day DAP exposure. WGS analyses confirmed the presence of mutations in genes involved in the above glycolytic and phospholipid biosynthetic pathways in the 73-D2 passage variant. These data suggest that S. oralis strains which are ‘destined’ to rapidly develop HLDR do so via a conserved cadre of genotypic, membrane phenotypic, and metabolic adaptations.
Reasons not to be cheerful: New Labour's action plan for targeting violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract It was always going to be interesting to see which direction the New Labour Administration under Gordon Brown would take on crime, and with the publication of 'Saving Lives, Reducing Harm and Protecting the Public', subtitled 'an action plan for tackling violence 2008–11', we get to find out (HM Government, 2008). The omens are not propitious, the rightward drift continues and in the direction of a technocratic, administrative criminology wholly devoid of social content and context.
Pancreatic Cancer in 31 Years Old Patient with Normal Serum Amylase Level

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kanker pankreas adalah keganasan sel di jaringan pankreas. kejadiannya meningkat pada usia di atas 60 tahun. Namun, sekitar
20% dapat terjadi di usia muda. Patogenesis terjadinya masih belum jelas, dikemukakan bahwa mutasi genetik dan faktor eksogen seperti
merokok berhubungan dengan terjadinya keganasan sel pankreas. Kasus adalah seorang laki-laki perokok berusia 31 tahun dengan
keluhan utama nyeri ulu hati menjalar ke punggung, disertai mual, muntah, nafsu makan turun. Pada pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan
sklera ikterik, perkusi redup dan ronkhi di paru, distensi abdomen dan asites. Pada pemeriksaan laboratorik didapatkan leukositosis,
trombositopenia, peningkatan aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) lebih dari 10 kali Upper Range Limit (URL), hiperbilirubinemia
direk, peningkatan alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) dan lipase serum, sedangkan amilase serum
normal. Terdapat juga peningkatan kadar CA19-9. Pada computed tomography scan (CT scan) dan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
didapatkan gambaran kanker pankreas primer yang telah bermetastasis ke pleura dan hati. Kadar amilase normal di pasien dapat
disebabkan karena awal peningkatan dan penurunan kadar amilase terjadi lebih cepat dan pada saat diperiksa telah turun mencapai
kadar normal. Simpulan, kanker pankreas dapat terjadi di usia muda. Amilase yang normal dapat terjadi di kanker pankreas.
AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SYSTEMATIZATION OF SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT FORMS IN THE TRAINING OF WOULD-BE DESIGNERS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article presents the theory and practice of teaching the discipline «Typology of Spatial Environment Forms» to would-be designers taking into account the ecological approach. This approach to teaching the discipline is justified by the exacerbation of environmental problems in the context of sustainable development challenges. Due to its scope of knowledge covered, the ecological approach enables the range of problems in spatial environment design to be embraced and integrated into the requirements for the design process. As a result, it helps achieve the overall educational objective of raising professional environmental awareness in students and developing their professional competence. The study of systematization of spatial environment forms is based on a model that takes into account both spatial coverage of all walks of human life and qualitative coverage of environmental design problems.
5. Sound Experience and Imagination at Early School Age

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study describes a novel approach to facilitating children’s musical development, creativity, and imagination by introducing unconventional vibrational, percussive instruments (gongs, Himalayan singing bowls, and Koshi Chimes) in early music education. One of the advantages of these instruments is that children can very quickly become involved in music-making regardless of their previous knowledge and musical affinity. We traced children’s sound experiences during twelve workshops for 6–7-year-olds. Results showed that listening and improvisation with these instruments enhanced rich fantasy and careful listening. We argue for encouraging children to express their experiences, fostering their ability to focus attention and reflect on sound qualities. This research illustrates the strength of introducing listening and playing with simple but rich sounds in early music education.
COMPUTER VISION-BASED ROAD VEHICLE TRACKING FOR SELF-DRIVING CAR SYSTEMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Road object detection, recognition, and tracking are vital tasks that must be performed reliably and accurately by self-driving car systems to achieve the automation/autonomy. Other vehicles are one of the main objects that the egocar must accurately detect and track on the road. However, deep-learning approaches proved their effectiveness at the expense of very demanding computational power and low throughput. They must be deployed on expensive CPUs and GPUs. Thus, in this work, a lightweight vehicle detection and tracking technique (LWVDT) is suggested to fit low-cost CPUs without sacrificing robustness, speed, or comprehension. The LWVDT is suitable for deployment in both advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous car subsystems. The implementation is a sequence of computer vision techniques fused together and merged with machine learning procedures to strengthen each other and streamline execution. The algorithm details and their execution are revealed in detail. The LWVDT processes raw RGB camera pictures to generate vehicle boundary boxes and tracks them from frame to frame. The performance of the proposed pipeline is assessed using real road camera images and video recordings under different circumstances and lighting/shading conditions. Moreover, it is also tested against the well-known KITTI database, achieving an average accuracy of 87%. Keywords: Autonomous Driving, Self-Driving Vehicle, Computer Vision, Car Detection, Car Tracking, Advanced Driving Assistance System, Machine Learning DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.3.66
ReFriction: Remote friction control on polystyrene foam by ultrasound phased array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a system that can remotely change the friction feel of the polystyrene foam surface using an Airborne Ultrasound Tactile Display (AUTD). In previous studies, the superficial friction of an object is mainly controlled by ultrasonic vibration of an object to reduce the friction using the squeeze film effect or by static electricity to increase superficial friction. In contrast to these studies, our approach changes the friction remotely, thus no device is needed on the target surface. This allows the tactile display to be a large screen or disposable, which can be used as an intuitive touch panel in applications where hygiene is important, such as during surgery. Furthermore, changing the surface friction of three-dimensional objects of any shape is also considered as another application. In this system, the position of the fingertip is detected by a device (Xperia Touch) equipped with a projector and a fingertip detection sensor, and the ultrasound focus is changed according to the fingertip position in real time using AUTD. As a result, the feel of friction on the polystyrene foam is altered by the focused ultrasound. Various friction patterns can be presented according to the image of the projector.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Adaptability to Root Canal Dentin of Bioceramic Sealer Containing Nanoparticles (In-vitro Study)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and adaptability to root canal dentin of bioceramic sealer incorporated with nanoparticles.Materials and Methods:Silver and chitosan nanoparticles were added to Totalfill BC sealer with concentrations of 2.3 % and 15% by volume respectively.Adaptability to root dentin was evaluated using thirty singlerooted human teeth, prepared and obturated using lateral condensation technique.Samples were longitudinally sectioned and the gap area (by %) was reported using stereomicroscope x45 and scanning electron microscope x1000.The antimicrobial activity was assessed on E. faecalis using direct contact test after the setting of the sealer under spectrophotometer to assess the bacteriostatic activity of the tested materials.Data showed parametric distribution so one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for intergroup comparisons and repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used for intragroup comparisons.Results: The adaptability test using SEM showed that the highest gap value was found in BC + Silver NP (0.59±0.27), followed by BC (0.29±0.15), while the lowest gap value was found in BC + Chitosan NP (0.22±0.16).Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed BC + Silver NP to have a significantly higher gap value than other groups.Direct contact test showed the highest value representing highest bacterial growth was found in BC + Chitosan NP (0.19±0.01), followed by BC (0.18±0.01), while the lowest value representing lowest bacterial growth was found in BC + Silver NP (0.17±0.01).Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed BC + Chitosan NP to have a significantly higher value than other groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: Incorporation of nanoparticles can significantly improve the bioceramic sealer's properties.
Autofluorescence of Lipofuscin Granules?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Autofluorescence of Lipofuscin Granules? Get access Masachika Senba, B.S. Masachika Senba, B.S. Department of Pathology Institute for Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University 12-4 Sakamolomachi Nagasaki 852 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 83, Issue 1, 1 January 1985, Page 134, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/83.1.134 Published: 01 January 1985
Oxygen and environmental stress in plants - an overview

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Galileo satellite during its recent passes close to the Earth recorded a planet with an unusual red-absorbing pigment, a poisonous atmosphere, simultaneously rich in oxygen and in methane, with strong, modulated, narrow-band, radio emissions in the MHz frequencies (Sagan et al. 1993). To an observer visiting the solar system, these features; the photo-oxidisable pigment chlorophyll, abundant atmospheric oxygen, the existence of reducing conditions and intelligent life might well appear self-contradictory. While intelligent life is a recent event, the presence of other forms of life based on photosynthesis and survival under both oxygen-rich atmospheres and reducing conditions go back to the earliest times (Table 1). Life on Earth has evolved over nearly 4 G years under atmospheric environments ranging from anoxia, to hypoxia, to hyperoxia (relative to the present day), and not always in that sequence.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of a ‘Five Ways to Well‐being’ group run with people with learning disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Accessible summary The Five Ways to Well‐being is a document produced by the government which gives advice about things people can do to improve how they feel. These five things are being with people, being active, noticing things around you, to keep learning and giving to others. We taught a group of adults with learning disabilities how to do these five things. We had ten sessions which lasted 2 h each. We did not find that people felt better after the ten sessions, but we did find that they noticed more things around them which may help improve their well‐being. People found the group useful. Abstract Background: The ‘Five Ways to Well‐being’ document presents five ways in which people in the general population may be able to improve their well‐being. This study evaluates the use of a ‘Five Ways to Well‐being’ group in a population of people with learning disabilities. Materials and Methods: Twelve participants who attend a day support service engaged in a ten‐week group programme based on the Five Ways to Well‐being. Scores on the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale provided a baseline, and scores at the first, middle and final session were entered into repeated measures analysis of variance or nonparametric equivalents. Results: Scores suggest there was no difference between baseline and final session on either of these scales ( P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between baseline and final session on a clinician‐devised measure of well‐being of the aims of the group (F(2,18) = 3.6, P = 0.049), and this effect is likely to be carried by an increase in the group's use of mindfulness skills. Qualitative feedback suggests that the group was useful and prompted changes in participants' well‐being. Conclusions: Participants found the group useful, and scores suggest an increase in mindfulness practice, but there is no evidence that running a Five Ways to Well‐being group with people with learning disabilities will improve their well‐being. However, this was not a clinical group of people with mental health concerns, and conclusions cannot be made about the usefulness of the model in this population.
Methods of Blood Collection in the Mouse

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

for a wide variety of scientific studies, and there are a number of efficient methods available. It is important to remember that blood collection, because it can stress the animals, may have an impact on the outcome of research data. In addition, it is extremely important that those who collect blood become skilled in the techniques they employ, and seek to stress the mice as little as possible. Drawing from experience, personal communication, and published resources1-4, the following techniques are described: • Blood collection not requiring anesthesia: –Saphenous vein –Dorsal pedal vein • Blood collection requiring anesthesia: –Tail vein –Orbital sinus –Jugular vein • Terminal procedures: –Cardiac puncture –Posterior vena cava –Axillary vessels –Orbital sinus
Rate of Heart Failure Following Atrial Fibrillation According to Presence of Family History of Dilated Cardiomyopathy or Heart Failure: A Nationwide Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background It is poorly understood why some patients with atrial fibrillation develop heart failure (HF) and others do not. We examined the rate of developing HF in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without first‐degree family members with HF or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and Results Using Danish nationwide registries, patients born after 1942 diagnosed with atrial fibrillation in the period 2005 to 2015 were identified and followed for up to 5 years. Patients with pre‐existing HF, DCM, and/or ischemic heart disease diagnoses were excluded. Exposure was defined as a first‐degree relative with HF or DCM. The rate of developing the composite end point of HF or death, and the components, was estimated with multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. We included 10 605 patients. A total of 17% had a family member with DCM/HF. Having a family member with HF/DCM was associated with an increased 5‐year risk of the composite of HF/death (cumulative incidence, 9.2% [95% CI, 7.8–10.7] versus 5.6% [95% CI, 5.0–6.1]; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.36 [95% CI, 1.13–1.64]). (HF 8.4% [95% CI, 7.0–9.8] versus 4.5% [95% CI, 4.1–5.0]); (adjusted HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.22–1.82]). However, familial HF/DCM was not significantly associated with an increased 5‐year risk and rate of death (0.8% [95% CI, 0.4–1.2] versus 1.1% [95% CI, 0.8–1.3]); (adjusted HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.46–1.39]). Conclusions In patients with incident atrial fibrillation without prior ischemic heart disease or HF diagnoses, 1 of 6 had a first‐degree relative with HF, and having such a family history of HF/DCM was associated with an 87% increase in 5‐year incidence of HF compared with those without.