jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluating the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis during initiation of DNA sliding by Type III restriction enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA cleavage by the Type III restriction enzymes requires long-range protein communication between recognition sites facilitated by thermally-driven 1D diffusion. This âDNA slidingâ is initiated by hydrolysis of multiple ATPs catalysed by a helicase-like domain. Two distinct ATPase phases were observed using short oligoduplex substrates; the rapid consumption of â¼10 ATPs coupled to a protein conformation switch followed by a slower phase, the duration of which was dictated by the rate of dissociation from the recognition site. Here, we show that the second ATPase phase is both variable and only observable when DNA ends are proximal to the recognition site. On DNA with sites more distant from the ends, a single ATPase phase coupled to the conformation switch was observed and subsequent site dissociation required little or no further ATP hydrolysis. The overall DNA dissociation kinetics (encompassing site release, DNA sliding and escape via a DNA end) were not influenced by the second phase. Although the data simplifies the ATP hydrolysis scheme for Type III restriction enzymes, questions remain as to why multiple ATPs are hydrolysed to prepare for DNA sliding.
A comparative study on ichthyofaunal resource of Charan and Manaha Beel of Morigaon District of Assam, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study relates to the ichthyofaunal resource of two Beels of Morigaon District, Assam, India. Altogether 65 fish species including 5 exotic species belonging to 43 genera under 21 families from 7 orders is recorded from two Beels where 64 species are recorded from Charan Beel and 53 from Manaha Beel. In both the beels 1 species is recorded as endangered as well as data deficient. However, 51 species are recognised as LRlc, 6 as LRnt and other 5 are not evaluated in Charan Beel whereas in Manaha Beel, 44 species has been recorded as LRlc, 4 as LRnt and other 3 species are not evaluated. The taxonomic study shows that Cyprinidae is the dominant family with 23 species contributing 35.94% in Charan and 18 species (33.96%) in Manaha followed by Bagridae (10.94% and 11.32% in Charan and Manaha Beel respectively) and Channidae (7.81% in Charan and 9.43% in Manaha).
MLP-based undersampling technique for imbalanced learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The imbalanced learning problem is becoming pervasive in today's data mining applications. This problem refers to the uneven distribution of instances among the classes which poses difficulty in the classification of rare instances. Several undersampling as well as oversampling methods were proposed to deal with such imbalance. Many undersampling techniques do not consider distribution of information among the classes, similarly some oversampling techniques lead to the overfitting or may cause overgeneralization problem. This paper proposes an MLP-based undersampling technique (MLPUS) which will preserve the distribution of information while doing undersampling. This reduction can be done on the basis of stochastic measure evaluation. Experiments are performed on 10 real world data sets for the evaluation of performance of MLPUS.
A mathematical equivalence between the MacKinnon model and the association/dissociation model explains its apparent success in explaining ion channel permeation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

After MacKinnon discovered the structure of the potassium channel he proposed a two-step permeation mechanism. His detailed description of the mechanism was recently implemented as a quantitative model consisting of a knock-off step and a translocation step. The model was successfully fitted to previously published data, but the value of the fitted knock-off distance is essentially zero which does not make physical sense because it effectively eliminates the voltage dependence of the knock-off step – the step that actually moves an ion from one side of the selectivity filter to the other. However, a modified association/dissociation (A/D) model results in an identical mathematical expression for the flux, and the fitted parameters have the same numerical values, but they do have a sensible physical meaning. In the A/D model the parameter that becomes zero is an electrical association distance. The physical consequence of this value being zero is that association is simply not an activated process, a conclusion that is supported by previous analysis of experimental data. Thus, even though the two mechanisms are mathematically identical, the A/D mechanism is preferred because it has a simple physical interpretation that is also directly observed in a large group of molecular dynamics simulations. Support from NSF Grant DUE-0836833 is gratefully acknowledged.
Nitrogen Balance in Urine‐affected Areas of a New Zealand Pasture1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The high rates of urine‐N deposited during grazing offers the potential for considerable N loss through volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the magnitude and pathways of N transformations and losses under warm, moist conditions. Urine was applied to 3‐m 2 plots in a ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pasture at 300 or 600 kg N/ha. These rates simulate the urine affected area of sheep and cattle, respectively. Ammonia volatilization, inorganic N in the soil profile, symbiotic nitrogen fixation (by acetylene reduction assay), and herbage N yields were measured over 53 days. Four days after application from 30 to 35% of the added N could not & accounted for as either soil mineral N or volatilized NH 3 ‐N. Ammonia‐N evolution was rapid only for the first 2 days, and I5 to 18% of the N was volatilized as NH 3 . Profile NH 4 ‐N was completely nitrified by 21 days. Considerable amounts of the applied N was lost from the 0 to 45 cm profile by 53 days. Since rainfall and irrigation exceeded estimated evapotranspiration, leaching of NO 3 ‐N is the probable loss mechanism. The apparent recovery of N in herbage was 37 and 22% of that added. Acetylene reduction was substantially less in the urine‐treated swards. From 30 to 35% of the urine‐N was not accounted for as inorganic N early in the experiment; immobilization and rapid leaching of urine below 45 cm are probable loss mechanisms. The experiment indicated that in a warm, moist environment, typical of late spring‐early summer in New Zealand, more than half of the N in urine voided by sheep or cattle can be lost, and that an intensively grazed grass‐legume system is far from a closed system, or cycle, with respect to N.
Quand dire, c'est faire l'inverse de ce qu'on dit. Une critique de l'opposition entre théorie et pratique juridiques

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study is based on the following assumption : some legal theories are upset and then turned against the very interests they were supposed to defend. This phenomenon is quite revealing of the nature of the legal process and how legal thinking works. Many explanations have been advanced, however, they all have been rejected since they presume a unity of knowledge and, without proving their point, they assimilate legal reasoning into other sciences that are presented as models for legal thinkers. The upsetting of legal theories may be explained due to the extreme complexity found in the meaning of words used to express legal concepts: this produces a semantic sedimentation with lasting and multiple virtual meanings without there being any way of guessing which one meaning may prevail in any given set of circumstances.
The paradox of natural disasters leading to economic growth: The case of the Touhoku earthquake

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis looks at the paradox of how natural disasters can lead to economic growth and uses at the Touhoku earthquake that struck in March 2011 in Japan as a case to try to determine the effects it will have on economic growth in Japan. We see from earlier research that countries that suffer frequent natural disasters have a higher GDP growth than countries that do not. Using a model I present we then analyze the investments into human and physical capital and see how Japan’s investments into human capital results in long-term growth and how rebuilding physical capital after a disaster hastens adoption of new technology and increases output. In conclusion we find that Japan is likely to experience growth following the earthquake.
Ligand-Steered Modeling and Docking: A Benchmarking Study in Class A G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most important targets for drug discovery. However, a large set of experimental structures, essential for a structure-based approach, will likely remain unavailable in the near future. Thus, there is an actual need for modeling tools to characterize satisfactorily at least the binding site of these receptors. Using experimentally solved GPCRs, we have enhanced and validated the ligand-steered homology method through cross-modeling and investigated the performance of the thus generated models in docking-based screening. The ligand-steered modeling method uses information about existing ligands to optimize the binding site by accounting for protein flexibility. We found that our method is able to generate quality models of GPCRs by using one structural template. These models perform better than templates, crude homology models, and random selection in small-scale high-throughput docking. Better quality models typically exhibit higher enrichment in docking exercises. Moreover, they were found to be reliable for selectivity prediction. Our results support the fact that the ligand-steered homology modeling method can successfully characterize pharmacologically relevant sites through a full flexible ligand−flexible receptor procedure.
Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has now become the default intervention for severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) in inoperable and high-risk patients and patients at intermediate risk who are anatomically suitable for the transfemoral approach, under the guidance of a multidisciplinary heart team. Evidence is building for the use of TAVI in low-risk patients and as a result, the number of TAVI procedures in all developed nations is increasing dramatically. The number of TAVI procedures exceeded the number of isolated surgical aortic valve replacements in the US in 2015 and all surgical aortic valve replacements in 2018 according to the latest Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry data.1 Although the UK is lagging behind most of these nations, the numbers of TAVI procedures is nevertheless increasing year by year. The British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) has issued guidance as to how patients with AS should be managed and a service specification as to how TAVI should be performed.2 We hope this will go some way to standardising care across the UK for patients with AS but we are aware that much more needs to be done. BCIS is collaborating with the Valve for Life campaign to analyse inequities in TAVI provision in the UK and we hope to work with NHS commissioners to address this, and to encourage new centres to provide TAVI where local provision is inadequate or impossible with current facilities. The following document forms the basis of what will be a prolonged effort to improve TAVI provision in the UK and standardise its delivery.
Electron Microscope Analysis of Partial Denaturation of F Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Partial denaturation pattern of sex factor deoxyribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli was studied by electron microscopy. Clustering of the adenine-plusthymine-rich regions in one part of the molecule was revealed. The positions of these regions were located on the physical map of F by analyzing the partial denaturation pattern of heteroduplexes between F and F-prime factors with various parts of F sequences deleted.
Molecular Organic Sensitizers for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photoelectrochemical approach to photoinduced water splitting is gaining increasing interest for solar fuels generation. Dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DS‐PEC) have been studied to improve the collection of the Vis range of solar radiation. Metal complexes have so far been the most investigated dyes but in recent years metal‐free organic dyes have emerged as a new frontier for the evolution of the sector. This Minireview systematically describes the use of organic sensitizers and has been organized in terms of dye‐sensitized photoactive electrode(s): photoanode; photocathode; tandem DS‐PEC with photoanode and photocathode. The main classes of dyes are introduced and described in their key properties, device performance, and water splitting data. Thanks to the increasing number of articles, this review highlights the growing importance of organic sensitizers and their molecular design for a more efficient solar generation of clean fuels.
Sensory Descriptive Analysis of Soymilk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: A descriptive analysis panel developed terms to describe aroma and flavor of soymilk. Panelists evaluated a commercial soymilk and soymilks processed with beans from the normal or lipoxygenase‐free lines. Descriptors used to describe “beaniness” were “raw as hexanal” for flavor or aroma, “grassy” flavor, and “sweet as green floral” flavor. High correlations were found among these attributes. Judges were consistent in the use of terminology. “Beaniness” for the normal soymilk was described by the terms “raw aroma as in hexanal” and “raw flavor as in hexanal,” while “beaniness” for soymilk from the lipoxygenase‐free line was described by the terms “sweet as green floral” and “grassy” flavors.
The role of granzyme B in the degradation of periodontal connective tissues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Periodontitis (gum disease) is characterized by the degradation of tooth- supporting connective tissues, largely due to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release by fibroblasts residing in the gingival (gum) tissue. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease whose role in periodontitis is undefined. Here we studied the role of GzmB in the context of periodontitis. Methods: Gingival fibroblasts were cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant GzmB. Culture supernatants were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify GzmB-induced release of collagenase (MMP-1). MMP-1 expression was quantified by qPCR. In some experiments, cells were pre-treated with PD98059 to block MEK/ERK signaling. The protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) was blocked with ATAP-2 neutralizing antibody prior to GzmB stimulation. Human samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), an inflammatory transudate released at the dento-gingival (tooth- gum) interface, were obtained from teeth with periodontal disease and healthy control teeth. GzmB was quantified in the GCF ([GzmB]GCF) by ELISA. Results: Recombinant GzmB induced a ~4-5-fold increase in MMP-1 secretion by cultured fibroblasts. GzmB induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 which was abrogated by PD98059. GzmB-induced upregulation of MMP-1 gene expression/secretion were also reduced by PD98059. Blockade of PAR-1 function by ATAP-2 abrogated the GzmB- induced increase in MMP-1 secretion by GF. The [GzmB]GCF was ~4-5 fold higher at sites of periodontal disease (gingivitis/periodontitis) compared to healthy control sites, suggesting an association between GzmB and matrix degradation. Conclusions: These data point to a novel GzmB-driven signaling pathway in fibroblasts in which MMP-1 expression and secretion are upregulated in a PAR1- and Erk1/2- dependent manner.
SEXUALITY AND PROSTITUTION AMONG THE AKAN OF THE GOLD COAST c. 1650-1950

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article SEXUALITY AND PROSTITUTION AMONG THE AKAN OF THE GOLD COAST c. 1650–1950 Get access Emmanuel Akyeampong Emmanuel Akyeampong Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 156, Issue 1, August 1997, Pages 144–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/156.1.144 Published: 01 August 1997
Edward Adams and David G. Horrell, eds, Christianity at Corinth: The Quest for the Pauline Church (Louisville and London: Westminster and John Knox Press, 2004), pp. xx + 332. $39.95.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Edward Adams and David G. Horrell, eds, Christianity at Corinth: The Quest for the Pauline Church (Louisville and London: Westminster and John Knox Press, 2004), pp. xx + 332. $39.95. - Volume 62 Issue 1
Clinical significance of Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria in dogs, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to describe the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical significance of Proteus mirabilis in canine bacteriuria and to identify the risk factors associated with P. mirabilis urinary tract infections. This is a retrospective observational study of 48 P. mirabilis-positive canine urinary cultures. Only 22 of the 48 P. mirabilis isolates (45.8%) were non-susceptible to at least one tested antimicrobial. Most P. mirabilis isolates (98%) were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 93.7% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 85.4% to ampicillin, cephalothin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Five multidrug-resistant isolates were detected (10.4%). A significant increase in antimicrobial resistance was observed over the study period. Positive P. mirabilis cultures were associated with bacterial cystitis in 36 of 39 dogs (92.3%), pyelonephritis in 2 of 39 dogs (5.1%), and one dog had both bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis (2.5%). There was no subclinical bacteriuria. Most urinary tract infections were complicated as risk factors were identified in 37 of 39 dogs (94.8%). The most commonly identified risk factors were the presence of a contaminated peri-vulvar area with urine/feces or a hypoplastic vulva. To conclude, P. mirabilis bacteriuria was associated with upper and lower urinary tract infections in this study and was found more frequently in complicated bacterial cystitis. Multidrug-resistant isolates and increased P. mirabilis antimicrobial resistance have been identified over the last 10 years, but most isolates remain susceptible to first-line antimicrobials such as amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
[State of the art treatment of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer--surgical treatment].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgery is defined as purely a local treatment modality. In the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, surgery remains the first-line treatment of choice for local diseases. Thus, stages I, II, and a part of IIIA disease are definite indications for surgical therapy. The standard operative mode in curative intent for such local diseases is the resection of the entire lobe or lung where the cancer is located. The prognostic significance of hilar/mediastinal lymph node dissection remains controversial, although it can provide the most accurate information regarding the metastatic status of hilum and mediastinum. For locally advanced diseases of stages IIIA and IIIB, the surgical approach still remains investigational in a combined modality setting. For N2 diseases (with mediastinal node metastasis), the prognostic benefit of both preoperative and postoperative chemo (-radio) therapy has not been definitively demonstrated yet, although several reports suggested their potential benefits. They await further evaluation by clinical trials in a phase III setting. Although aggressive surgical approaches for tumors invading surrounding vital structures (IIIB disease) have been reported, it is also still uncertain whether their results can really exceed those obtained by chemoradiotherapy.
Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Isolated and Concomitant Brain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: to study a relationship of the parameters of the cytokine status to the biochemical markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense (AOD) as the links of a systemic inflammatory reaction in victims with severe isolated and concomitant brain injury (BI). Subjects and methods. The study was conducted in 12 victims with severe isolated BI and in 14 with severe concomitant BI, aged 18 to 69 years, who were treated at the Unit of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Rostov-on-Don City Emergency Medical Care Hospital Two. Results. A direct average correlation was found between the level of IL-4 and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the red blood cells on days 1—3 and 5—7 after the onset of injury in the patients with severe isolated BI. Those with concomitant BI showed a direct average correlation between the plasma level of MDA and the concentration of IL-10 on days 1—3 after the onset of injury. In patients with concomitant BI, there was a relationship between the imbalance in the cytokine status and the destruction of cell biomembranes, which is evidenced by dissociation in the presence of an inverse average correlation between the content of IL-6 and the level of MDA in the red blood cells and a direct strong correlation between the content of IL-6 and the level of MDA in the plasma. Conclusion. The findings suggest that in traumatic brain injury, imbalance in the cytokine system is associated with oxidative stress and AOD activation, which permits these processes to be regarded as components of a common mechanism of brain injury. This regularity is particularly evident in victims with concomitant BI. Key words: brain injury, lipid peroxidation system, antiox-idant defense, cytokine status.
Whiter than Snow

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Writer: FISCHER ENGLISH; CHURCH CHOIR; sung by; A Church Choir; with Organ accompaniment;. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil CT, 2.3mil CT, 2.8mil CT, 3.3mil CT. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 0, Rolloff: 0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: X44799 Catalog number: 685 Other IDs from the record include: X-44799; 13840e