jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Complexity in salt marsh circulation for a semienclosed basin

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The fine details of overmarsh circulation remain largely unexplored and yet they are typically assumed to control many attributes of salt marsh material cycling, transport, and accretion. We characterized the spatial and temporal variability in overmarsh circulation at a 2 km 2 Georgia, USA, salt marsh using field observations, dye tracer, and numerical simulations. The marsh bathymetry was created with a high‐precision Global Positioning System survey that details the geomorphic structure of intertidal creeks and salt marsh platform features greater than about 1 m in width. We assessed flow path dynamics at four spatial scales ranging from 1 m to 1000 m. Results show the development and decay of simultaneous flow divergence and convergence, concentrated flow and large‐scale rotational flow, and strong differences between flood and ebb pathways. This current complexity is set by submergence and emergence of subtle salt marsh platform geomorphic structure, and it highlights the role of topography in system‐wide flow processes.
QTLs mapping for grain specific gravity in common wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Volume weight is the important indicators of wheat quality,however volume of wheat contains the space,which is not able to reflect the real specific weight of grain itself completely.Specific gravity is inclusion determined by kinds,structure and state,which is closely related to wheat quality.A population of 168doubled haploid derived from two elite Chinese wheat(Triticum aestivum)cultivars‘Huapei 3'and‘Yumai 57',grown in three differant environments.The quantitative trait of loci(QTLs)for specific gravity was analyzed based on the constructed molecular linkage map of this population,including 324markers covering the whole wheat genome at the same time.In total of 9QTLs were detected and distributed on 7chromosomes(1A,1B,2B,4B,6A,6Dand 7A).Among 3QTLs(qTW-6D-1,qTW-2Band qTW-6D-2)were major genes,whose genetic contribution were greater than others(more than 10%),while 6additive QTLs were minor genes,whose contribution of genetic contribution were less(less than 10%).Through the positioning specific gravity of wheat grain of QTL(Quantitative trait locus),which lay a foundation for gene cloning and molecular marker and provide theoretical basis for high quality and yield wheat varieties.
Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Thymelaea hirsuta L. Growing Naturally at the North Western Coast of Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to elucidate the biochemical and genetic behaviors of Thymelaea hirsuta L. growing naturally at the following habitats; ooletic sand dunes, slope of salt marshes, non-saline depression, road side, plateau, upstream of Wadi Halazeen, and wadi bed of Wadi Halazeen along the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Soil and plant samples were collected in May, 2017. Water content recorded the highest value in Thymelaea growing at slope of salt marshes. Total soluble carbohydrate attained the highest value in Thymelaea growing at up-stream of Wadi Halazeen while the highest values in none-souble carbohydrate and proline were observed in plants growing at ooletic sand dunes. Total carbohydrate recorded the highest value in Thymelaea growing at plateaue. Total lipids and total phenols attained the highest content in Thymelaea growing at wadi bed. Genetically, ISSR & SRAP molecular markers were done. Seven ISSR and four SRAP primes produced 73.78% and 68.57% of polymorphism, respectively. PIC value, assay efficiency index, effective multiples ratio and marker index, were higher in SRAP than in ISSR.
Computational vaccinology: quantitative approaches.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The immune system is hierarchical and has many levels, exhibiting much emergent behaviour. However, at its heart are molecular recognition events that are indistinguishable from other types of biomacromolecular interaction. These can be addressed well by quantitative experimental and theoretical biophysical techniques, and particularly by methods from drug design. We review here our approach to computational immunovaccinology. In particular, we describe the JenPep database and two new techniques for T cell epitope prediction. One is based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (a 3D-QSAR method based on CoMSIA and another 2D method based on the Free-Wilson approach) and the other on atomistic molecular dynamic simulations using high performance computing. JenPep (http://www.jenner.ar.uk/ JenPep) is a relational database system supporting quantitative data on peptide binding to major histocompatibility complexes, TAP transporters, TCR-pMHC complexes, and an annotated list of B cell and T cell epitopes. Our 2D-QSAR method factors the contribution to peptide binding from individual amino acids as well as 1-2 and 1-3 residue interactions. In the 3D-QSAR approach, the influence of five physicochemical properties (volume, electrostatic potential, hydrophobicity, hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor abilities) on peptide affinity were considered. Both methods are exemplified through their application to the well-studied problem of peptide binding to the human class I MHC molecule HLA-A*0201.
Retinomorphic Channel Design and Considerations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By extrapolating functionality from the retina, retinomorphic engineering has yielded devices that have shown promise to alleviate the challenges presented in modern computer vision tasks. An incredible amount of work has been devoted in recent years to the development and deployment of these event-based vision sensors in applications requiring low-latency, energy-efficient, high dynamic range sensing solutions. However, not much work has been devoted to the area, energy, and speed analysis of the various encoding and decoding mechanisms necessary for sensory pipelines. This paper outlines an empirical framework that presents a clear tradeoff between the various methodologies to transduce physical information in to spikes (encoding) and reconstruct said stimuli from the incident events (decoding). Software-based models of these methodologies were constructed to evaluate the accuracy of stimuli reconstruction for a variety of input profiles. As a result, it is shown that an optimized retinomorphic architecture for a specific set of system-driven cost metrics requires a heterogenous fabric of encoders with a composition of 95% temporal contrast pixels and 5% intensity encoder assuming a temporal jitter of 1μs. Much like the composition of ganglion cells in magno- and parvo-cellular pathway, this multi-modal solution provides the most time, area, and power efficient method to convey visual data.
Review of the Adverse Effects Associated with Dermal Filler Treatments: Part I Nodules, Granuloma, and Migration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The increase in the use of filler treatments within minimally invasive cosmetic surgery has correspondingly escalated the variety and frequency of associated side effects. Initially, unregulated procedures led to primary side effects such as infections, foreign body reactions, and granuloma formation. However, severe vascular complications like skin and tissue necrosis and blindness have emerged as recognized risks. Side effects from filler treatments can range from mild to life-threatening, including edema, pain, tenderness, numbness, bleeding, bruising, hematoma, redness, erythema, pigmentation, allergic reactions, itching, pruritus, the Tyndall effect, asymmetry, irregularity, migration, skin and soft tissue infections, nodules, granulomas, and vascular compromise. These side effects are categorized into early and delayed types. Many complications, particularly those related to vascular abnormalities, are frequently linked to procedural issues, emphasizing the importance of understanding filler properties, injection techniques, and facial anatomy. Preventing side effects is ideal, but early detection and treatment are crucial. Recognizing potential side effects based on their timing and understanding appropriate preemptive treatment methods is essential. This discussion addresses non-vascular side effects, highlighting their onset, symptoms, and management strategies. The comprehensive understanding and careful management of these side effects are vital for minimizing complications and ensuring patient safety in filler treatments.
Previous Diet of Deer, Cattle, and Sheep and Ability to Digest Alfalfa Hay

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The capacity of rumen microorganisms of deer, cattle, and sheep on different diets to digest alfalfa hay was tested in an artificial rumen system by measuring the production of gas and short chain fatty acids. Inocula were obtained from the rumens of (1) four wild deer on a natural winter browse diet, (2) one captive deer fed a starvation diet of sagebrush, (3) a cow on a hay diet, (4) the same cow on hay and concentrate, and (5) two sheep on hay and concentrate. Production of short chain fatty acids by the inoculum of the deer fed sagebrush was significantly lower than that from all other animals. Except for appreciably smaller percentages of butyrate and iso-valerate plus valerate by the inoculum of the deer fed sagebrush, the composition of short chain fatty acids produced was very similar among all inoculum sources. Production of gas by the inoculum of the deer fed sagebrush was significantly less than that from all other animals. Inocula from the sheep and the cow fed concentrate and hay produced more gas, and those from the deer on browse and the cow on hay produced similar but progressively larger amounts. These results indicate that normal wild deer, like domestic ruminants, have a microflora capable of digesting hay and converting it to volatile fatty acids. However, by the time that starving deer arrive at a hay supply, the rumen microorganisms may be completely dead or contain low energy
HEAT CONDUCTED THROUGH FINS OF VARYING CROSS-SECTIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conduction of heat takes place through the fins or spines from particle to particle due to a temperature gradient in the direction of decreasing temperature. Heat is not lost equally by each element of the fin but is lost mostly near the base of the fin. Thus there would be a waste of the material if a uniform fin is used. These aspects demand the construction of fins of varying cross-sections like triangular fin, hyperbolic fin, and parabolic fin. The paper analyzes a triangular fin and a parabolic fin to find the rate of conduction of heat through them via Laplace Transform means. The results obtained are the same as obtained with other methods.
Histologic characterization and risk factors for persistent albuminuria in adolescents in a region of highly prevalent end-stage renal failure of unknown origin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background End-stage renal failure of unknown origin (ESRD-UO) is a public health problem in Mexico and many regions of the world. The prevalence of ESRD-UO in Aguascalientes, Mexico, is one of the highest worldwide, particularly in adults between 20 and 40 years of age. Our aim was to screen adolescents for chronic kidney disease (CKD) to identify risk factors and histologically characterize adolescents with persistent albuminuria. Methods This was a cross-sectional, observational and comparative study of adolescents in whom serum creatinine and the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) were determined when screening for CKD. A clinical evaluation and risk factor survey were conducted. Patients with an abnormal ACR (≥30 mg/g) or a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (≤75 mL/min/1.73 m2) were re-evaluated and a renal ultrasound (US) was obtained. A kidney biopsy was performed in patients with persistent albuminuria. Results A total of 513 students were included; 19 had persistent albuminuria and 494 were controls. The prevalence of persistent albuminuria was 3.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–5.3]. Only one patient had a decreased GFR. None of the patients with persistent albuminuria had anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract by renal US. Patients with persistent albuminuria had a decreased total renal volume compared with the control group (150 versus 195 mL/m2; P &lt; 0.01). Eighteen kidney biopsies were performed; 72% had glomerulomegaly and only one patient had mild fibrosis. Podocyte abnormalities were evident on electron microscopy, including partial fusion (100%), microvillous degeneration (80%) and increased organelles (60%). Risk factors for persistent albuminuria were: homestead proximity to maize crops, the use of pesticides at the father’s workplace, a family history of CKD and blood pressure abnormalities. The body mass index and breastfeeding were protective factors. Conclusions The prevalence of persistent albuminuria in adolescents in Aguascalientes is high and histologic compromise is characterized by podocyte injury in the absence of fibrosis. The renal volume of persistent albuminuria patients was decreased, suggesting oligonephronia. Exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, even prenatally, may be responsible for this pathological entity. Screening programs in adolescents by determining ACR are necessary in this setting.
Challenges in Continuing Education of Primary and Preschool Teachers in Romania: Teachers – Students’ Parents Communication

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teacher-parent communication which is part of parents' involvement in school activities is a particular topic in the field of education. I propose an analysis of this issue in the present research paper. Based on the answers offered by 60 teachers from preschool and primary school educational system in Romania, teachers who answered a questionnaire with open questions on the topic of teacher-parent communication, we made an inventory of the main problems that they signaled and the solutions they identified in practice (tools, communicative and discourse strategies successfully used), as a premise for proposing topics to be approached during teachers' continuing education in pre-school and primary school educational system in Romania.
An Empirical Study of MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks and Design of Cognitive Radio Sensor networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been an active research area for more than a decade. The range of applications has spanned beyond military domain to commercial domains. Typically, a WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. These sensors generate report over the network on the occurrence of any event. An efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol holds a paramount importance for a WSN to provide better reliability and improved lifetime. Several multi-channel MAC protocols exist which perform better than the single channel protocols. The function of MAC layer is to coordinate transmission between the users sharing a spectrum and hence improves the throughput and energy efficiency. Cognitive Radio (CR) is an adaptive, intelligent radio and network technology which automatically detects the available channels in a wireless spectrum and make those channels available for concurrent transmissions. Dynamic spectrum access in the form of cognitive radio provides spectrum efficient communication for all WSNs which led to the development of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). This paper highlights an intensive study of some MAC protocols defined for WSNs and a brief description on the design of Cognitive Radio based WSNs. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Medium Access Control (MAC), Cognitive Radio (CR)
Bird species identification based on timbre and pitch features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes an automatic bird sound identification system to help people learn to identify bird species. The system is built upon a two-stage identification framework. The first stage performs call/song classification. If an unknown sound clip is classified as a call, it is then handled by a call identifier in the second stage; otherwise, it is handled by a song identifier. Both identifiers use two acoustic features, timbre and pitch, to determine which of the bird species the sound clip belong to. In using timbre features, bird sounds are converted into MFCCs and their first derivatives and then analyzed using Gaussian mixture models. In using pitch feature, we convert bird sounds into MIDI note sequences and then use bigram models to analyze the dynamic change information of the notes. Our experiments, conducted using a database including twenty common bird species, show that the proposed system can achieve 90.4% accuracy.
SOLUSI PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Poverty is a serious problem faced by humanity, including in Indonesia. Poverty that is left without a solution will threaten the faith, morals, and thoughts of each individual. More than that, poverty is also very vulnerable to threatening social and national life by causing horizontal conflicts in society. The Quran as a syifa' is expected to be able to provide several solutions to alleviating existing poverty. This research aims to analyze the solutions offered by the Quran regarding poverty alleviation. This research adopts qualitative research whose data comes from the Quran. Quran verses are grouped into relevant themes. Grouping was carried out by reviewing studies by previous scholars. Research finds that empowering potential through work, creating social justice, appropriate use of resources, and distribution of wealth are the Quran's solutions to poverty. The Quran not only emphasizes the importance of each individual's hard work but at the same time also opposes the elite's monopoly on economic resources and encourages the creation of universal social justice.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANATOMICAL LOCATION WITHIN THE LONGISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE ON OVERALL TENDERNESS AND ON THE CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF INTRAMUSCULAR COLLAGEN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Overall tenderness and the concentration and solubility of intramuscular collagen of muscle samples from various locations along the longitudinal axis of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of 12 steer carcasses were determined. Results indicated that neither overall tenderness nor the concentration of intramuscular collagen differed among the anatomical locations evaluated. However, regression analysis showed that the percent soluble collagen increased with location anterior to posterior. Thus, the present study indicates that anatomical locations can differ in percent soluble collagen without differing in either total collagen content or overall tenderness. Key words: Beef, anatomical location, tenderness, collagen content, collagen solubility
Fimbristylis dichotoma Vahl

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scirpus dichotomus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 50. 1753. "Habitat in India." RCN: 421. Lectotype (Koyama in Smith, Fl. Vitiensis Nova 1: 244. 1979): Herb. Hermann 2: 63, No. 40 (BM-000621720). Current name: Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae).
Update of the Human Reliability Analysis for a Nuclear Power Plant

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human reliability analysis is a systematic framework, which includes the process of evaluation of human performance and associated impacts on structures, systems and components for a complex facility. The update of Human Reliability Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment of a Nuclear Power Plant requires the development of an overall method for the human reliability analysis. The update is needed as the original human reliability analysis was performed years ago, as the methods have been improved, as the requirements for performing the analyses have changed and as the additional good practice was gained in the mean time. The method for update of human reliability analysis is developed with consideration of the current requirements and the good practice. The selected features of existing methods and the selected specific features are introduced into the method. The evaluation is performed and the preliminary results of human reliability analysis are introduced into the probabilistic safety assessment model. The preliminary results of evaluating the probabilistic safety assessment model identify the key risk contributors and the areas for possible improvement.
ZnI2‐promoted homologation of ferrocenylacetylene and aldehydes: an efficient synthesis of ferrocene‐containing allenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A concise and efficient protocol for the first synthesis of ferrocene‐containing allenes based on the homologation reaction of ferrocenylacetylene and aldehydes promoted by ZnI 2 was developed. The present method was applicable to many kinds of substituted aldehydes, providing good to excellent yields of ferrocene‐containing allenes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Chain Extenders on Polyurethanes Containing Both Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(ethylene glycol) as Soft Segments

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Biodegradable polyure-thanes may be able to replace nondegradable polymers suchas polyethylene and polypropylene in fabrication ofpackaging films in near future as long as their mechanicalproperties are comparable to those of the common film-forming materials. Polyurethanes containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) areinteresting since the hydrophilic PEG segments can enhancethe degradation. Furthermore, PEG itself has been frequentlyused as comonomers in preparing biodegradable polymersdue to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Historical Political Ecology in the Former Lake Texcoco: Hydrological Regulation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lake Texcoco in Mexico is a remarkable place for observing how human and natural relationships evolve through time in a landscape. Since the opening of the watershed and the draining of the lake, there have been various attempts to exploit the area, although few have succeeded. This study highlights the importance of historical analysis in identifying socio-natural processes that have historically influenced lake use, degradation, management, and conservation. The novelty of this study lies in its application of a historical political ecology approach to understand the evolving dynamics between power relations and the ecology of the former Lake Texcoco in Mexico Valley. By examining both the ecological and political-economic history of the lake, this study reveals how conflicts related to natural resource management in the past have influenced the ecological dynamics of the present. Overall, this study presents a unique perspective on the socio-natural history of Lake Texcoco, demonstrating the potential of using historical political ecology to understand the long-term effects of environmental change.