jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Deep Neural Networks and Head Movements for Robust Binaural Localisation of Multiple Sources in Reverberant Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel machine-hearing system that exploits deep neural networks (DNNs) and head movements for robust binaural localisation of multiple sources in reverberant environments. DNNs are used to learn the relationship between the source azimuth and binaural cues, consisting of the complete cross-correlation function (CCF) and interaural level differences (ILDs). In contrast to many previous binaural hearing systems, the proposed approach is not restricted to localisation of sound sources in the frontal hemifield. Due to the similarity of binaural cues in the frontal and rear hemifields, front-back confusions often occur. To address this, a head movement strategy is incorporated in the localisation model to help reduce the front-back errors. The proposed DNN system is compared to a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based system that employs interaural time differences (ITDs) and ILDs as localisation features. Our experiments show that the DNN is able to exploit information in the CCF that is not available in the ITD cue, which together with head movements substantially improves localisation accuracies under challenging acoustic scenarios in which multiple talkers and room reverberation are present.
Reactions of recoil bromine species produced by neutron capture in 1,4-dibromobenzene–benzene mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Recoil reactions of 80mBr, 80Br and 82Br originating from 1,4-dibromobenzene (1,4-DBB) following neutron capture have been investigated in benzene solutions by the charged-plate technique (CPT). Both anionic and cationic charged bromine species are produced and collected on electrodes. The electrode yields increase with an increase in 1,4-DBB concentration up to 13 mol% and the yields for all the three bromine radioisotopes abruptly decrease to fairly low values thereafter.It could be deduced from these results that the recoil bromine reactions in neutron-irradiated 1,4-DBB–benzene solutions are influenced by the physical parameters (molecular weight, density, viscosity and refractive index) of the media. The results obtained are discussed critically in the light of existing views and mechanisms advanced by the numerous workers in the field. The electrode deposition pattern reflecting the final chemical stabilisation process of bromine radioisotope species in this media has been deduced to some extent.
Canadian Association of General Surgeons and American College of Surgeons evidence based reviews in surgery. 20. Small gallstones may increase the risk of pancreatitis; is there a benefit for a prophylactic cholecystecomy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Question: Is cholecystectomy or a “wait-and-see” strategy the preferred option in patients with asymptomatic gall stones? Design: A Markov model with Monte Carlo simulations. Base Case: Patients with small (< 5 mm) asymptomatic gallstones determined by ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Treatment alternatives: “Wait-and-see” policy versus cholecystectomy. Outcomes considered: In the “wait-and-see” strategy, the individual could remain asymptomatic, develop obstructive jaundice, biliary pain, cholecystitits, pancreatitis or death from other causes. For each disease state, the patient could die or have a full recovery. In the prophylactic strategy, the patient could die postoperatively or have a full recovery. The time frame was 10 years. Sources of estimates for probabilities and utilities: The authors performed a retrospective review of patients at their own institution and used probabilities from the literature. Utilities for various health states were not considered. Results: Prophylactic cholecystectomy was shown to be of benefit only if the patient had the highest risk of developing and dying of pancreatitis (pancreatitis incidence greater than 0.15% and mortality owing to pancreatitis of 7.5% or greater). If the mortality of pancreatitis was 2.5% or 5%, life-years were actually lost rather than gained in the prophylactic cholecystectomy strategy. Sensitivity analyses: the effect of variable incidences and mortalities of pancreatitis were considered. Conclusion: Prophylactic cholecystectomy may lead to gain or loss of life-years in patients with small stones, depending on the incidence and mortality of pancreatitis.
Comparison of Developmental Status of Spatial Orientation of Visually Impaired Students with Normal Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Orientation means the personal ability to use the senses to determine one's location and what relationship he/she has with environmental objects and persons. This ability is important for a blind person, so the purpose of this study was to review the developmental status of spatial orientation of students with visual impairments compared with normal ones. Methods: Subjects of this descriptive-comparative study were 8 - 12 year old students selected from public schools of Kermanshah. They included 65 students in a cluster-random way as the healthy group. Thirty children with a visual acuity between 0.05 and 0.4 diopter as the low vision group and 16 ones with maximum visual acuity of 0.04 diopter as the blind group were included from rehabilitative centers. Their spatial orientation capability was measured by throwing a ball towards a target and counting the dribbling of a basketball for 15 seconds. Analysis of data was performed by SPSS software in descriptive and perceptional statistics (one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests). Results: Statistical results showed that there was no significant difference among the 3 groups in throwing the ball towards the target but there was a difference in the other test. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the test of throwing a ball towards the target indicating corrective and compensatory mechanisms, but in dribbling the ball test there were significant differences among the three groups, and the healthy children compared with the visually impaired ones were in a better condition to show the importance of visual receptors for obtaining information from the surroundings.
FIGURES 29–31 in New European Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) with the first description of feeding-related dancing behaviour in Collembola

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURES 29–31. Lepidocyrtus chorus sp. nov. Schematic drawings of two types of dance. 29, 'grazing dance', clockwise direction of a single individual; 30, 'grazing dance', counter clockwise direction of a single individual; 31, 'walking dance', red line denotes a path of the head, black line denotes a path of the abd.VI. Black arrows indicate direction of the circular movement of abdomen. Schematic drawing of the species made by Iva Čupić. For more details see paragraph 'Dancing behavior' and recorded video.
Protection of bradykinin on neonatal rat myocytes subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation injury.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was to investigate the effects of bradykinin (BK) on myocyte cultures. The effects of BK against lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radicals were estimated on an anoxia/reoxygenation injured model. A salicylate hydroxylation product dihydroxybenzoic acids (DHBA) was detected using HPLC with electrochemical detection, a sensitive device for assaying the hydroxyl free radical. BK (10 nmol.L-1) reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, from 1.94 +/- s 0.28 to 0.25 +/- 0.03 nmol/10(6) cells, n = 5, P < 0.01), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (1.28 +/- 0.23 to 0.63 +/- 0.12 u.ml-1, n = 8, P < 0.01) and DHBA (60 +/- 5 to 44 +/- 12 nmol.L-1, n = 6, P < 0.01). These improvements were nullified by pretreatment with K86/4321 (1 mumol.L-1), a kind of BK receptor antagonist. Indometacin (Ind, 1 mumol.L-1) had a synergic action with BK to decrease the LDH release, but Ind (30 mumol.L-1) attenuated the protection of BK, while both LDH and TBARS were increased. The mechanism for protection of BK was ascribable to the activation of BK receptor, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and the decreased hydroxyl free radical formation.
Evaluation of drainage efficiency via street inlets under the influence of terrain slope in the course of pluvial urban flood event

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Study region: This study is conducted in the northern urbanized region of Fuzhou City, China.Study focus: This study aims to conduct an investigation into the evolution of drainage efficiency via street inlets over the course of flood events in urbanized areas. Specific emphasis is placed on elucidating the influences imparted by variance in terrain slope, together with the revelation of the underlying mechanisms by which urban terrain slopes influence the dynamics of floodwater in the vicinity of street inlets.New hydrological insights for region: This study views the drainage efficiency in urbanized area as dynamic variable rather than static parameter and quantify the impacts of terrain slope during different stages of rainfall event. Through hydrodynamic modeling, the responses of drainage effects via street inlets to terrain slope changes in urbanized area are examined. Delayed peak responses in drainage efficiency under steeper terrain slope conditions are revealed, attributable to increased flood flow velocities bypassing street inlets. Localized flow fields demonstrate discernible terrain slope influence upon drainage functionality, with gravity-dominated directional flows disrupting inlet drainage above certain slope threshold. Data-driven regression captures distinct correlation of drainage efficiency with terrain slope and rainfall timing, enabling accurate event-scale predictions for specific urbanized area. The analysis provides novel insights into how terrain slope alters the floodwater flow on urban surface, leading to significant influence on functioning of street inlets.
The Potential Interaction of Ethionamide-Thyroid Hormone Receptor Induces Hypothyroidism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hypothyroidism is a common side effect found in patients with multidrug-resistant \ntuberculosis taking ethionamide. The mechanism of ethionamide-induced hypothyroidism is potentially \ncaused by the structure of ethionamide compounds chemically similar to thioamide, such as propylthiouracil \n(C7H8N2S), which inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis. However, hypothyroidism is caused not only \nby a lack of production but also by signaling alteration. Thyroid hormone action is mediated by thyroid \nhormone receptors (TRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate their target genes. \nUnfortunately, there are limited studies on the potential interaction of ethionamide with TRs. Objective: In \nthe present study, we want to elaborate on the potential interaction of ethionamide with TRs which might \nalter the thyroid hormone genomic regulation. Methods: Molecular docking studies were used to evaluate \nthe potential interaction between ethionamide with TRα and TRβ. Results: The molecular docking results \non TRα showed more than one hydrogen bond–steric interaction formed from the ethionamide–amino \nacid residue interaction. Ethionamide–TRβ interaction showed more than one steric interaction, but the hydrogen bonds are not visualized. The docking score between ethionamide and TRα is −7.373 kcal/ mol and higher than its interaction with TRβ. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ethionamide can interact with TRα and TRβ. However, the ethionamide–TRα interaction is stronger than ethionamide–TRβ \ninteraction. Our study reports a novel mechanism of action of ethionamide-induced hypothyroidism.
Commercial Acquisition Demystified. How Commercial Satellite Acquisition Conforms to FAR Part 12

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Initiatives announced by Department of Defense Secretary Robert Gates in August 2010 to reduce overhead costs by more than $100 billion over the next five years will challenge the imagination, courage, and persistence of the nation's government-industry acquisition team to do its required share. What if, however, ways already existed to reduce cost but were not well understood? This article examines ways to decrease costs in commercial satellite acquisition and discusses five widely held myths regarding commercial satellite acquisition and manufacturing practices.
A Tentative Study of the Eastern Aesop’s fable Imitated by Aesop in the Late Qing Dynasty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Chen Chunsheng was an important Christian writer in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. His work of Eastern Aesop’s fable was a parody of Aesop’s Fables, which was very popular among readers in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. In terms of content, it is mostly a story of Christian preaching, trying to establish an ideal Christian order, while at the same time seeking the moral improvement of the people, exposing social defects, caring about the destiny of the country, and full of enlightenment. Compared with the early translation and imitation of Aesop’s fables, Eastern Aesop’s fable presents two distinct features. First, it was completed by the Chinese writer instead of the preacher;Second, the content is entirely based on Chinese classics, not the western countries. From the perspective of religious communication, this is the result of a “cultural adaptation” policy, and from the literary point of view, in the early 20th century, Western literature was incorporated into China in a large amount, and in the context of “looking at the west,” Eastern Aesop’s fable turned to tradition, showing the reasonable landing of the world literature "text travel”.
Partial sacrectomy for en bloc excision of rectal cancer with posterior fixation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A procedure for resection of the lower sacrum in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum is described. The indication for this procedure is posterior fixation of a tumor to sacral segments three, four, or five or to the coccyx. Through a posterior incision, the sacrum below S2 is removed with no appreciable increase in morbidity of the abdominoperineal resection. Six patients treated to date have had good results using this approach.
Blending visual subgraph similarity query formulation and query processing on large graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, a novel graph query processing paradigm is proposed and realized in a system called GBLENDER++. It interleaves visual query graph formulation and processing by exploiting the latency offered by the GUI to remove false matches and prefetch partial results. The system can handle both exact and similar subgraph matching. This interleaving results in improvement in system response time. However, GBLENDER++ cannot be applied to databases consisting of large graphs, graphs that have thousands of vertices and edges. In this report, we present a method that addresses this limitation by partitioning the large data graph into many smaller graphs, called basic graph. GBLENDER++ method can then be utilized on these basic graphs in the same way as normal small-graph databases. Matches in the original large graph that belong to many basic graphs are detected by combining adjacent basic graphs together. The combination process is governed by some rules to ensure effectiveness. Real datasets of different size and parameter values as well as queries of different sizes are used to evaluate the efficiency and scalability of the method. We also evaluate its performance against SAPPER, another approximate subgraph matching technique.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis Associated with Massive Intraperitoneal Free Air Mimicking Intestinal Perforation: Case Report -

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare entity, characterized by multiple air cysts in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Free intraperitoneal air (gas) develops in pneumatosis intestinalis whenever one of the subserosal gas cysts ruptures. We present a case of pneumatosis intestinalis associated with massive peritoneal free air that mimicked intestinal perforation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing pneumatosis intestinalis as a cause of possible massive intraabdominal free air.

Key Words: Pneumatosis Intestinalis; Intestinal Perforation; Air Cyst.
"Some Ecstatic Elsewhere": Nathaniel Mackey's Whatsaid Serif

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nathaniel Mackey's third full-length book of poetry, Whatsaid Serif: Song of the Andoumboulou 16-35 (City Lights, 1998), is a remarkable extension of the serial poem he began in his first book, Eroding Witness (University of Illinois, 1985), and continued in his second, School of Udhra (City Lights, 1993). The growth of Mackey's serial poem in Whatsaid Serif is not merely quantitative, although it is that, since the new book adds over a hundred pages to the forty or so included in his first two books; the growth of Mackey's poem is qualitative as well. The poems in Whatsaid Serif present a thicker yet more finely textured weave of Mackey's favorite topics--culture, cosmology, music, and sex--all of which join together in an ecstatic embrace of language as song.
An interpretative model for the management of contemporary cultural landscapes in linear infrastructure projects

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Structures and potentialities of cultural landscapes have been studied mostly under a historical perspective. This article questions if contemporary societies can develop cultural landscapes. Starting from an analysis of the structure of contemporary landscapes, it investigates methods of developing cultural landscapes with contemporary knowledge and background. The theoretical assumptions are based on an ecosystem approach and consider the social and functional values in relation to the infrastructure project. Linear infrastructures are the physical basis for material and immaterial links between societies. They structure local territories, but more often reflect upper level rationalities thus physically cross areas without providing a local service. An interpretative model to support cultural landscape dynamics within linear infrastructure projects was developed and tested in three Italian transportation infrastructures. The model was based on the analysis of the structure and the generating processes of contemporary cultural landscapes and makes use of criteria and indicators. First published online: 14 May 2013
TETANUS IN HEROIN ADDICTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many interesting and unusual causative factors of tetanus are discussed in the literature. Tetanus due to the use of injected gelatinized serum as a hemostatic agent was reported by Chauffard (18 cases) and Dieulafoy (5 cases) in 1909 to the Académie de Médecine of Paris and was extensively discussed by Dieulafoy in his classic "Textbook of Medicine" in 1911. Reports of other unusual cases can be found in the literature, such as a case of tetanus, reported by Tudor, that developed as a result of a foreign body in the nose, and the now very rare cases in newborn infants. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to another problem in the development of tetanus that has received very little attention, namely, its occurrence in heroin addicts. It is a problem of prophylaxis and of treatment, a problem with many social implications. Many reports can be found in
Évaluer pour mettre en situation de réussite

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we examine the practices and functions of evaluation. Assessment is a commonplace in the school that arouses passions, fears and expectations among students, parents, teachers and the school institution. However, it is an object whose practices, objectives and expectations are changing. The research approach consists in questioning the practices of preparation for evaluations in order to think about their formative dimension, but also about remediation. The question that arises here is therefore the following: How to make these assessments a tool to make students more autonomous in understanding the issues of knowledge and know-how?.
Research Advances of Mycorrhiza in Dendrobium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dendrobium species(Dendrobium SW.) with high ornamental value and medicinal value,the growth in natural conditions,seeds germination of Dendrobium,vegetative growth,reproductive growth are necessary symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi.Beneficial to the formation of mycorrhizal fungi and Dendrobium plants with the promotion of seedling growth,increase plant resistance and other functions,is to speed up plant growth rate Dendrobium species and key to ensuring their survival.The microstructure,characteristics and function of mycorrhiza of Dendrobium were reviewed in this paper.The identification and classification of mycorrhiza fungi in Dendrobium and their reciprocity were summarized.The prospect and the field of mycorrhiza research of Dendrobium in the future were put forward.
Vitamin A deficiency in Nigeria.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Childhood blindness is second only to cataract in magnitude of world blindness when the "blind years" is considered. The "blind years" is the number of years a person lives with blindness. Studies have shown that over 34%-69% of childhood blindness in Nigeria is caused by corneal opacity, which results mainly from an interplay of vitamin A deficiency, measles and harmful traditional eye practices. However, vitamin A deficiency which manifests in the eye as xerophthalmia is the dominant problem in these children. The purpose of this review is to stress the importance of xerophthalmia, which is of public health significance, as an important cause of childhood blindness in Nigeria. Studies involving surveys of xerophthalmia, childhood and nutritional blindness are reviewed with data extracted from a nationwide survey on prevalence of xerophthalmia. The likely explanation for vitamin A deficiency in Nigerian children is discussed with possible solutions and recommendations made to control this avoidable and devastating cause of blindness.
The Resource Curse in Latin America

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The resource curse hypothesis suggests that countries that are rich in natural resources are more likely to experience poor economic growth and other developmental problems. Latin American countries show a mixed picture, confirming the idea that the resource curse is not a deterministic phenomenon and that dependence on, rather than abundance of, natural resources is associated with developmental failures. When looking beyond the nation state, local communities may benefit from royalties accruing to regional governments, often, though, at the expense of other socioeconomic liabilities (as in the case of negative environmental externalities). The case of Ecuador is in many ways exemplary of the resource curse in Latin America and the failure of policies to overcome the curse. While the country was always a commodity exporter, the intensification of extractive activities and the expansion of the extractive frontier (over the last five decades) intensified the severity of boom-and-bust cycles and compromised socio-environmental values in the vicinity of extractive activity.
Prevalence of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes in south-central Sicily: a comparative study between 2003 and 2011

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This issue is about our Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) DNA test. We have examined two cohorts of patients from south-central Sicily, who were tested for HPV -DNA derived from cervical sampling, respectively in 2003 and 2011. In 2003, the most represented genotypes were: 31, 16. Instead, in 2011 there was a higher prevalence for genotypes: 42, 16. It is remarkable to note that the 35 genotype, noticed in 2003, has never been found in the second most recent group.