jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Congenital Craniofacial Anomalies amongst Neonates at Major Government Hospital in Bengaluru: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are a manifold group of malformations in the growth of the head and face. Congenital anomalies are the major cause for pregnancy termination, infant mortality as well as childhood morbidity. The occurrence of congenital CFAs in the Indian population remains unlashed. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the frequency of incidence and types of CFAs and also their association with maternal risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the mothers/babies delivered for 60 days at Vanivilas Hospital, Bengaluru. The anomalies were broadly classified as major and minor, further by structure as cranial, oral, nasal, auricular, and ocular. Data were analyzed to determine the association of these anomalies with mother’s age, gestational age, gender, and weight of the baby. Results: Out of 2251 deliveries, 158 were dead of which 12 (7.6%) had major CFAs. About 0.8% of major anomalies and 3.0% of minor anomalies occurred. The most common major craniofacial anomaly observed was anencephaly. In minor anomalies, anomalies of the oral cavity included gingival cyst, tongue-tie, epulis, and natal teeth. Mothers with age >35 years and gestational age <37 weeks had higher risk for major CFAs. Conclusions: This study provides baseline information for future prevention and better management of patients likely to have babies with congenital major and minor CFAs.
Evaluation of FEM Based Methods to Predict Temperature Distributions of a Convection Cooled Gas Turbine Blade

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents different numerical methods to predict the thermal load of a convection cooled gas turbine blade under realistic operating temperature conditions. The subject of the investigation is a gas turbine rotor blade which is equipped with a state-of-the-art convection cooling system. Firstly, two FEM based methods are introduced. One method, referred to as FEM1D method, uses empirical correlations from the open literature to obtain one dimensional heat transfer coefficients along one flow line inside the cooling channels while in the hot gas path a three dimensional CFD simulation is used. The second method (FEM2D) uses three dimensional CFD simulations to obtain two dimensional heat transfer coefficient distributions for both, the inner cooling channels and the hot gas path. The results from both numerical methods are compared with each other and are validated with experimental data, quantifying also their accuracy limits. In total this paper gives an evaluation of two different FEM methods to predict temperature distribution in convection cooled gas turbines. Their accuracy, numerical cost and limitations are evaluated. It turns out that the temperature profiles gained by both methods are generally in good agreement with the experiments. However, while causing higher numerical costs the more detailed FEM2D method achieves more accurate results.
A New Heuristic Reinforcement Learning for Container Relocation Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many research efforts on reinforcement learning (RL) is dedicated to solving challenging combinatorial optimization problems, including the container relocation problem (CRP) arising from maritime industry. In CRP, large and heavy containers are stacked on top of each other, those above the target container should be relocated elsewhere before retrieving it. This problem, which minimizes the number of relocations in the retrieval process, is NP-hard, while existing RL studies do not provide satisfactory results yet. We study the structure of CRP problem and design a new heuristic RL framework. On a set of commonly used examples, our RL demonstrates a performance almost equivalent to the most famous results.
Surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the western Pacific.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Primary immune responses are thought to be induced by dendritic cells. To promote such responses, dendritic cells must be activated by exogenous agonists, such as LPS, or by products of activated leukocytes, such as TNF-α and IL-1. How dendritic cells might be activated in the absence of exogenous stimuli, or without the immediate presence of activated leukocytes, as might occur in immunity to tumor cells or transplants, is unknown. We postulated that heparan sulfate, an acidic, biologically active polysaccharide associated with cell membranes and extracellular matrices, which is rapidly released under conditions of inflammation and tissue damage, might provide such a stimulus. Incubation of immature murine dendritic cells with heparan sulfate induced phenotypic maturation evidenced by up-regulation of I-A, CD40, CD54 (ICAM-1), CD80 (B7-1), and CD86 (B7-2). Dendritic cells exposed to heparan sulfate exhibited a markedly lowered rate of Ag uptake and increased allostimulatory capacity. Stimulation of dendritic cells with heparan sulfate induced release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, although the maturation of dendritic cells was independent of these cytokines. These results suggest that soluble heparan sulfate chains, as products of the degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, might induce maturation of dendritic cells without exogenous stimuli, thus contributing to the generation and maintenance of primary immune responses.
Serum calcium and glucose level in asphyxiated neonates: a prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Birth asphyxia is the primary cause of both mortality and death in newborns. Neonates that experience birth asphyxia are more likely to develop hypocalcemia and hypoglycemia. The primary objective of this study was to assess the calcium and glucose in newborns who had asphyxia and compare with the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) severity. Methods: This prospective observational study conducted on 75 asphyxiated neonates admitted to NICU. The serum calcium, ionized calcium and glucose level were measured using standard biochemical methods. The severity of HIE was assessed using the Sarnat and Sarnat staging system. The calcium and glucose level were compared across different stages of HIE using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean total calcium level was 7.87±1.87 mg/dl, mean ionized calcium level was 3.27±0.76 mg/dl and mean serum glucose level was 44.43±6.5 mg/dl respectively. Out of 75 neonates, majority 32 (42.7%) were in were in HIE stage II moderate risk. There was a significant decline in calcium level among the neonate in HIE stage III severe risk when compared to HIE stage II (3.65±0.97 vs 4.05±1.06) and HIE stage I (3.65±0.97 vs 5.76±1.32). The mean serum glucose level was significantly (p=0.001) lower in HIE stage III severe risk when compared to HIE stage II (38.12±4.65 vs 44.76±5.45) and HIE stage I (38.12±4.65 vs 50.43±6.28). Conclusions: The ionic calcium and glucose levels were decreased in asphyxiated neonates and early intervention is required to reduce the neonatal mortality.
Dynamic soft QoS CAC scheme for femtocell

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Femtocell is a small and low power cell to a certain base station and is applicable to all standards, including GSM, CDMA, WCDMA and LTE. The implementation of femtocell helps realize the concept of frequency reuse and reduce the power within each small cell in order to decrease interference and decrease the frequency reuse distance. CAC (Call Admission Control) is a key element to control and manage a network’s access and bandwidth, existing CAC schemes, hard QoS CAC scheme and soft QoS CAC scheme, have performances limited in number of accepted calls, total throughput and satisfaction ratio which are key features to measure CAC (Call Admission Control) schemes. In this paper, a dynamic Soft QoS CAC Scheme is proposed under a femtocell environment. The newly proposed scheme would offer a higher total throughput, a number of accepted calls no less than existing Soft QoS CAC Scheme and a better arrangement of bandwidth which gives better satisfaction ratios for all existing calls in the network.
Night shift work and osteoporosis among female blue-collar workers in Poland - a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis is an important public health problem worldwide. Although a number of factors that affect bone structure have been described; thus far, the current knowledge of occupational factors that may have an influence on bone tissue metabolism is strongly limited. Published studies indicate night shift work and the related circadian rhythm disruption may be considered as plausible underlying factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential association between night shift work and bone mineral density (BMD) among female blue-collar workers in Poland. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 194 female blue-collar workers >40 years of age employed in industrial plants. The operating system of work consisted of three work shifts clockwise rotation: morning (06:00-14:00 h), afternoon (14:00-22:00 h), and night (22:00-06:00 h), with five consecutive shifts per week followed by a free weekend. A questionnaire survey, based on a Polish version of The European vertebral osteoporosis study (EVOS) questionnaire, a validated instrument, was administered. Data on current job characteristics, job seniority, and lifetime duration of night shift work were also collected. BMD of the lumbar spine and hip (both total femur and femoral neck) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate linear regression models were run, with bone mineralization parameters as dependent variables, as well as night work characteristics and important confounders. Statistical analysis was performed separately for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The analyses adjusted for confounders did not reveal any significant differences between current or lifetime experience of night shift work and BMD among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, the outcomes supported the well-established correlation with factors, such as age, BMI, and menopausal status. BMD at the three sites measured was significantly associated with BMI (p < .001) and inversely associated with age (p < .001) in the total study population. Postmenopausal women had significantly lower BMD than did premenopausal women (p < .001). The study findings indicate that in the population of Polish female blue-collar workers, the system of work does not seem to be associated with the development of osteoporosis.
Supporting Emergent Writers Through Guided Play in a Kindergarten Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we describe a teacher-initiated imaginative-play scenario that took place in a kindergarten classroom in a small northern town in Ontario, Canada. The Fairy Door scenario afforded the 3- to 5-year-old children the opportunity to become writers in order to communicate with and make sense of an elusive visitor to the classroom. It presented the teachers with opportunities to scaffold the children’s writing attempts and provided them with valid assessments of the children’s understanding of texts and writing. We offer this unique form of pedagogical practice as a means to fulfill the play-based learning mandate of the Ontario provincial curriculum.
Past, Present and Future of Yam: a concluding summary

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yam is a common name of the species belonging to the genus Dioscorea, and family Dioscoreaceae. Mostly they produce starchy tubers which are used as food and medicines from centuries. The early food habits of ancient civilizations show the utilization and at present people of different countries are using them as food and medicine. In contemporary situation, we are forgetting and removing them from our food leading to lack of diseases preventive agents in our diet. The global health issues indicate that we need nutraceutical agents to combat the health related problems. Keeping the old golden era of Yam and decline of their uses, the chapter is designed to document their past & present utilization and how they could be beneficial agents for our future generation. The chapter gives us a brief knowledge about the past, present and future uses of Yam species.
Dopa-Responsive Dystonia with Different Phenotypes in Monozygotic Twins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is typically characterized by dystonia of the lower extremities beginning in childhood, with progression to involve the entire body, marked worsening of symptoms during the day, improvement in symptoms with sleep, and a dramatic response to low-dose levodopa. Inheritance usually is autosomal-dominant. The affected gene encodes for the enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1); more than 70 …
Melatonin abates liver ischemia reperfusion injury by way of inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis in liver and intestine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

【Objective】To explore the role of apoptosis in liver and intestine after the ischemic reperfusion injury(IRI) of liver, and the relationship between apoptosis and melatonin.【Methods】Ninety male Wistar rats (with weight of 190～210 g, age of 6～7 weeks) were divided into three groups at random: melatonin group (Mel group), alcohol control group (Alc group) and normal saline control group (NS group). In each group, the left branches of portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct were blocked for 60 min and then opened to establish liver IRI models in rats. Thereafter, samples were collected respectively in 30, 60 and 120 min after reperfusion. Serum ALT and AST were tested by auto-biochemical analyzer. The level of TNF-α in serum was measured by ELISA. The level of MDA in mitochondrion of liver and intestine was measured by colorimetric method. Immunohistochemical staining of Caspase -3 in both liver and intestine was performed. The ratio of apoptosis cells from liver and intestine was measured by TUNEL, and ultrastructure of apoptosis cells was observed by TEM. 【Results】 The level of ALT measured at each time point after reperfusion in Mel group was significantly lower than that in Alc and NS groups (P 0.05). The level of AST measured in 120 min after reperfusion in Mel group was significantly lower than that in Alc and NS groups (P 0.05). The level of TNF-α and MDA measured at each time point after reperfusion in Mel group was distinctly lower than that in Alc and NS groups (P 0.05). The integral optical density (IOD) of Caspase -3 measured at 120 min after reperfusion in Mel group was prominently lower than that in Alc and NS groups (P 0.05). The IOD of TUNEL measured at each time point after reperfusion in Mel group was remarkably lower than that in Alc and NS groups (P 0.05), both in liver and intestine.【Conclusions】Ischemic reperfusion increases the level of TNF-α in serum, the concentration of MDA in mitochondrion, the expression of Caspase -3 and ratio of apoptosis cells. Melatonin can abate the IRI by inhibiting apoptosis, and this mechanism is probably related to the apoptosis pathway of mitochondrion by eliminating the injury induced by free radical from IRI.
Sup. Figure 9: Foretinib treatment had no remarkable anti-angiogenic effect in the liver metastasis model or brain metastasis-mimicking model. from Foretinib Overcomes Entrectinib Resistance Associated with the <i>NTRK1</i> G667C Mutation in <i>NTRK1</i> Fusion–Positive Tumor Cells in a Brain Metastasis Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Tumor tissues obtained in the liver metastasis model (Fig. 5) and brain metastasis-mimicking model (Fig. 6) were assessed for microvessel density. Sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with anti-mouse CD31 antibody and evaluated by a standard IHC assay. (A) Representative pictures are shown. Bars indicate 100 Âµm. (B) The number of CD31-positive cells in the high-power field (200Ã-) was quantified. Data shown are mean {plus minus} SD of three independent areas. No significant difference was observed among the control, entrectinib-treated, and foretinib-treated groups.</p>
Gait analysis in Parkinson's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent advancement of technology has made it possible to measure the gait recordings of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Gait is the walking pattern of a person and gait disorders are commonly observed and known to exist in PD patients. In addition, with machine learning techniques improving at a rapid rate, researchers are therefore looking into using machine learning techniques to perform gait analysis as an alternative way to diagnose patients with PD apart from the current diagnosis method which is through the clinician’s recognition of motor symptoms. The impact of this new diagnosis method is potentially significant as the diagnosis will now not be based solely on the clinician’s judgement so it will be less susceptible to human error. In addition, the symptoms will not have to be very severe in order for PD to be detected, and this could result in early and accurate detection of PD which can be very helpful for potential patients. This project will therefore look at the possibility of using some of these gait features that can be extracted from gait recordings of healthy patients and PD patients, as well as explore different feature selection techniques, classification models and performance metrics to see the if using machine learning techniques on gait features could result in accurate classification and hence diagnosis of patients with PD.
Innovative approach for the treatment and the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis exploiting polymeric biodegradable nanoparticles targeting synovial endothelium

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting joints due to the persistent inflammation of the synovial tissue. It affects 1% of the worldwide population with high socioeconomic costs. Patients usually require lifetime treatments in order to prevent late stage of the disease, which leads to a condition of disability and pain. Despite the introduction of biological drugs, Methotrexate (MTX) is still the gold standard. However, it shows some weakness such as inefficacy or adverse events after long term usage. For this reason, there is the need to develop drugs with an improved safety profile and higher therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, it is of primary importance to develop diagnostics with enhanced sensitivity and tissue specificity. \nIn order to meet these needs, the purpose of this work is to develop a nanotechnological agent capable to delivery its content, such as drugs or diagnostic tracers, specifically into pathological joints, avoiding healthy tissues. \nThese aims have been achieved exploiting peculiar features of biodegradable nanoparticles (BNPs), such as improved pharmacokinetic and bioavailability, associated to a peptide specific for the inflamed synovia. Recently, the heterogeneity of the molecules present in the endothelium has allowed to develop peptides capable to target vessels of specific tissues. In this project, a cyclic peptide able to target the microvasculature of the inflamed synovia has been exploited to drive BNPs only into inflamed joints.\nBNPs have been characterized for their physicochemical features, polymers’ toxicity and drug release. Targeted polymeric nanoparticles (tBNPs) demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, to preferentially bind inflamed synovial tissue, and their accumulation depends from the degree of inflammation. \nTargeted BNPs loaded with MTX showed higher efficacy compared to free MTX in two different animal models of RA. In addition, reduced dose of tBNPs-MTX demonstrated to maintain its efficacy, showing fewer side effects compared with systemic administration of free MTX. This new therapeutic approach provided a new mechanism of action from approved therapy and suggest potential application in non-responding patients.\nAll these evidences highlight the potential use of tBNPs as biocompatible and adaptable tool for the diagnosis and the treatment of RA showing important efficacy, reduced side effects and with the potential to enhance the sensitivity of several imaging technologies.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nonpolar Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in a Crude Vegetable Oil and Its Refinery By-Products

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A crude soybean oil, several of its refinery by-products (described as soapstock, deodorizer distillate, and clabber stock), and the completely refined oil were analyzed for pesticide residues. Fourteen organochlorine pesticides and pesticide metabolites were found in the deodorizer distillate; 5 of these were also found in the clabber stock. Levels in these byproducts ranged from 0.3 to 8 ppm. Only endrin and dieldrin were detected in the crude oil at levels of 0.01 and 0.05 ppm, respectively. Forty to 150 times these levels were found in the deodorizer distillate and clabber stock. Pesticide residues were not detected in the refined oil or in the soapstock at limits of detection for dieldrin of about 0.01 and 0.1 ppm, respectively. The method used by the Food and Drug Administration to analyze fats and oils for multiple organohalogen pesticide residues was inadequate for the extraction of pesticide residues from vegetable oil refinery by-products. The method used to analyze the crude vegetable oil and the refinery by-products involved dissolution of the oil samples in ethyl acetate- toluene, filtration if necessary, cleanup by gel permeation chromatography, and then Florisil column chromatography. The oil was isolated from aqueous-oil mixtures by extraction with hexane before analysis. The crude soybean oil was fortified with 12 organohalogen pesticides and Aroclor 1254 at levels of 0.5-3.7 ppm. Recoveries ranged from 83 to 102%.
Optimization for the Metaverse over Mobile Edge Computing with Play to Earn

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The concept of the Metaverse has garnered growing interest from both academic and industry circles. The decentralization of both the integrity and security of digital items has spurred the popularity of play-to-earn (P2E) games, where players are entitled to earn and own digital assets which they may trade for physical-world currencies. However, these computationally-intensive games are hardly playable on resource-limited mobile devices and the computational tasks have to be offloaded to an edge server. Through mobile edge computing (MEC), users can upload data to the Metaverse Service Provider (MSP) edge servers for computing. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off between user-perceived in-game latency and user visual experience. The downlink transmission of lower-resolution videos lowers user-perceived latency while lowering the visual fidelity and consequently, earnings of users. In this paper, we design a method to enhance the Metaverse-based mobile augmented reality (MAR) in-game user experience. Specifically, we formulate and solve a multi-objective optimization problem. Given the inherent NP-hardness of the problem, we present a low-complexity algorithm to address it, mitigating the trade-off between delay and earnings. The experiment results show that our method can effectively balance the user-perceived latency and profitability, thus improving the performance of Metaverse-based MAR systems.