jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric generator testing and RTG degradation mechanisms evaluation. Progress report No. 33

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The n-type selenide legs after 10,600 hours continue to show agreement with the 3M Co. published data. In the ingradient testing after 11,378 hours the n-legs show comparable performance to the reported 3M data. The new design p-type legs were placed on test. The remaining MHW generator on test Q1-A has accumulated 19,567 hours and performance remains stable. Three 18 couple modules S/N-1, 2, and 3 previously tested at RCA were received for JPL test and evaluation. S/N-1 has 1700 hours testing at JPL with results indistinguishable from those at the end of RCA testing in 1977. The performances of LES 8/9 generators are following DEGRA predications after 31,824 hours. The performance of the Voyager 1 and 2 RTGs is reported after 19,577 hours and 20,122 hours of operation, respectively.
ETHIOPIA: WHAT CAN BE DONE?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ethiopia has long been known as the cradle of humanity. It was from here that primitive man first emerged. Yet 100 million years later, Ethiopia is in crisis. 62% of the population live in what the United Nations describes as absolute poverty. The extent of the poverty facing the Ethiopian people is staggering. Wherever you look, throughout the country, the indicators of poverty – subsistence farming, hunger, high mortality rates – can be seen. The causes of poverty in Ethiopia are the same as they are in most other Less Developed Countries (LDCs). An over-reliance on agriculture, a lack of infrastructure, war, poor education, and trivial levels of livelihood diversification are all to blame. Throughout the world, these problems are universal to LDCs, and in order to overcome poverty, they must first attempt to overcome these obstacles. Both the government of Ethiopia and the various international agencies at work within the country have come up with remedies to the widespread poverty. The current government has put both the Ethiopian Country Strategy Paper and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) forward. These focus mainly on an agriculture-led rejuvenation of the economy. The World Bank has itself created seven policies, which it believes will reduce poverty in the developing world. These policies, while having some merit, do not seem to be having the desired result. An alternative policy, which I will explore, is one supported by many economists when assessing the feasibility of developing world growth. This is the theory of labour mobilisation.
Defining Data Quality in Bibliographic and Authority Records: A Case Study of the COBISS.SI System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Various studies have shown that low data quality in bibliographic and authority records is one of the main obstacles in data management. In order to evaluate and improve data quality in the Slovenian union bibliographic database (COBIB.SI), a pragmatic dimension-based data quality measurement and evaluation case study was carried out in 2019. The article presents the set-up and application of a methodological framework that was used for the definition and measurement of bibliographic and authority records quality in COBIB.SI. The results of the case study and the framework's applicability in data quality measurement and evaluation, as well as in data profiling that would benefit further development of COBISS + catalog, are also discussed.
What can the structure of the palmprint tell us

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As this system is to be offered as an online palmistry service, the identification process of the palmprint has to be fast and accurate. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to review on the accuracy of the existing palmprint identification system, developed by previous students using pairwise angle difference and subset divisions, and improve the time complexity. These were done by reducing any redundancy through optimization of code and implementation of Subset Reordering of Combine Histogram before performing Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) on the subsets, as well as demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed Integrated Discrete Fourier Transform – Combine Histogram Algorithm (IDFT- CH) to enhance performance of the system. The results gathered from the simulations of the optimized code improved the overall system’s time complexity by 40% and the Subset Reordering implementation was found to be able to further reduced the time complexity of the proposed IDFT-CH system by 40% as compared to the 20% reduction without the Subset Reordering implementation. Kewords: Palmprint Identification, Pairwise Angle Difference, Subset Divisions, Subset Reordering, Discrete Fourier Transform, Combine Histogram
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chymosin from the genetically modified Trichoderma reesei strain DP‐Nyj88

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The food enzyme chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) is produced with the genetically modified Trichoderma reesei strain DP‐Nyj88 by Genencor International BV. The genetic modifications do not give rise to safety concerns. The food enzyme was considered free from viable cells of the production organism and its DNA. It is intended to be used in the processing of dairy products for the production of cheese. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.013 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not indicate a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 1000 mg TOS/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested, which when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 76,923. A search for the homology of the amino acid sequence of the chymosin to known allergens was made, and matches with five respiratory allergens and one injected allergen were found. The Panel considered that a risk of allergic reactions upon dietary exposure to the food enzyme cannot be excluded. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns, under the intended conditions of use.
The limits of the constant-rate birth-death prior for phylogenetic tree topology inference

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Birth-death models are stochastic processes describing speciation and extinction through time and across taxa, and are widely used in biology for inference of evolutionary timescales. Previous research has highlighted how the expected trees under constant-rate birth-death (crBD) tend to differ from empirical trees, for example with respect to the amount of phylogenetic imbalance. However, our understanding of how trees differ between crBD and the signal in empirical data remains incomplete. In this Point of View, we aim to expose the degree to which crBD differs from empirically inferred phylogenies and test the limits of the model in practice. Using a wide range of topology indices to compare crBD expectations against a comprehensive dataset of 1189 empirically estimated trees, we confirm that crBD trees frequently differ topologically compared with empirical trees. To place this in the context of standard practice in the field, we conducted a meta-analysis for a subset of the empirical studies. When comparing studies that used crBD priors with those that used other non-BD Bayesian and non-Bayesian methods, we do not find any significant differences in tree topology inferences. To scrutinize this finding for the case of highly imbalanced trees, we selected the 100 trees with the greatest imbalance from our dataset, simulated sequence data for these tree topologies under various evolutionary rates, and re-inferred the trees under maximum likelihood and using crBD in a Bayesian setting. We find that when the substitution rate is low, the crBD prior results in overly balanced trees, but the tendency is negligible when substitution rates are sufficiently high. Overall, our findings demonstrate the general robustness of crBD priors across a broad range of phylogenetic inference scenarios, but also highlights that empirically observed phylogenetic imbalance is highly improbable under crBD, leading to systematic bias in data sets with limited information content.
Mamba in the Mirror: Black Masculinity, Celebrity, and the Public Mourning of Kobe Bryant

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this manuscript, the author describes their unexpected grieving process in dealing with the death of Kobe Bryant. In particular, the author focuses on the mourning process on tragic celebrity deaths and the relationship between celebrity, mortality, and the ways in which people make sense of themselves through celebrity figures. The author attempts to highlight the complicated nature of mourning celebrity figures who are not personally known, especially those that have a complicated history in the public eye. The author moves into and through their own personal experiences as a Black man in order to make sense of public mourning, race, and the Black Masculinity of Kobe Bryant.
RFC 7381: Enterprise IPv6 Deployment Guidelines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise network administrators worldwide are in various stages of preparing for or deploying IPv6 into their networks. The administrators face different challenges than operators of Internet access providers and have reasons for different priorities. The overall problem for many administrators will be to offer Internet- facing services over IPv6 while continuing to support IPv4, and while introducing IPv6 access within the enterprise IT network. The overall transition will take most networks from an IPv4-only environment to a dual-stack network environment and eventually an IPv6-only operating mode. This document helps provide a framework for enterprise network architects or administrators who may be faced with many of these challenges as they consider their IPv6 support strategies.
Supplementary Table 1 from Hormone Therapy, Estrogen Metabolism, and Risk of Breast Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 64K, Breast cancer risk OR(95% CI) for 1 year change in estrogen metabolites (EM) among women randomized to active treatment in the WHI Hormone Trials, with cases stratified by median follow-up time</p>
The Mediating and Moderating Effect of Organizational Resilience on Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Chinese Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Enhancing organizational resilience is an important way for enterprises to achieve sustained competitive advantage. Based on dynamic capability theory, organizational learning theory, and resource-based theory, this study constructs a theoretical model of organizational resilience and sustained competitive advantage with organizational learning as the mediating variable and environmental dynamism as the moderating variable. This study is based on questionnaire research data from 462 Chinese companies in selected regions as the research sample for empirical testing, and the results show that organizational resilience helps Chinese companies to gain sustainable competitive advantage; organizational learning plays a mediating role between organizational resilience and sustainable competitive advantage; and environmental dynamics has a positive moderating role between organizational resilience and organizational learning, and can positively regulate the path of organizational resilience affecting sustainable competitive advantage through organizational learning. In view of this, we propose practical insights for Chinese companies on three levels: motivating mechanisms for organizational resilience, shaping a good learning environment, and paying attention to the dynamics of the environment.
High-Power-Density Igniter With Integrated $LC$ Resonator for Low-Wattage HID Ballast

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of a high-power-density igniter with integrated LC resonator for low-wattage high-intensity discharge lamp ballasts. Electromagnetic integration technology is applied to reduce the number of passive components and the overall volume of the igniter. By applying the interwinding capacitance as the resonant capacitance, the integrated igniter is simply composed of a magnetic core and two magnet wire windings. By selecting the proper terminals and exploiting the advantage of an integrated LC resonant structure, the obtained output voltage is twice as much as an ordinary LC resonator. The design and implementation of the igniter are presented, while the experimental results of a small-signal measurement and a high-voltage test are given. The experiment results show that the application of passive integration technology into low-wattage passive modules is promising.
An In-Depth Survey of Underwater Image Enhancement and Restoration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Images taken under water usually suffer from the problems of quality degradation, such as low contrast, blurring details, color deviations, non-uniform illumination, etc. As an important problem in image processing and computer vision, the restoration and enhancement of underwater image are necessary for numerous practical applications. Over the last few decades, underwater image restoration and enhancement have been attracting an increasing amount of research effort. However, a comprehensive and in-depth survey of related achievements and improvements is still missing, especially the survey of underwater image dataset which is a key issue in underwater image processing and intelligent application. In this exposition, we first summarize more than 120 studies about the latest progress in underwater image restoration and enhancement, including the techniques, datasets, available codes, and evaluation metrics. We analyze the contributions and limitations of existing methods to facilitate the comprehensive understanding of underwater image restoration and enhancement. Furthermore, we provide detailed objective evaluations and analysis of the representative methods on five types of underwater scenarios, which verifies the applicability of these methods in different underwater conditions. Finally, we discuss the potential challenges and open issues of underwater image restoration and enhancement and suggest possible research directions in the future.
A macroeconomic review of dentistry in Canada in the 2000s.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The dental care market appears to be growing, with increases in licensed dental professionals, total and mean per capita dental care expenditures and self-reported dental visits. However, these increases are not necessarily associated with greater effectiveness in meeting population needs and outcomes, such as equity in financing, delivery and improvements in oral health. Concerns with the financing of dental care and related issues of access may have implications for the future of dental care in Canada.
Cavernous Malformations in and Around the Third Ventricle: Indications, Approaches, and Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Cavernous malformations in structures in and around the third ventricle are a challenging conceptual and surgical problem. No consensus exists on the ideal approach to such lesions. OBJECTIVE To perform a retrospective review of our institutional database to identify and evaluate approaches used to treat cavernous malformations located in and around the third ventricle. METHODS Information was extracted regarding lesion size and location, extent of resection, time to last follow-up, surgical approach, presenting symptoms, preoperative and postoperative neurological status, and specific approach-related morbidity. RESULTS All 39 neurosurgical operations (in 36 patients) were either an anterior interhemispheric (AIH) (44%, 17/39) or a supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) (56%, 22/39) approach. Gross-total resection was achieved in 23 of 39 procedures (59%), a near-total resection in 1 (3%), and subtotal resection in 15 (38%). For the 31 patients with at least 3 mo of follow-up, the mean modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 1.5. Of the 31 patients, 25 (81%) had an mRS score of 0 to 2, 4 had a mRS score of 3 (13%), and 1 each had a mRS score of 4 (3%) or 5 (3%). CONCLUSION Most approaches to cavernous malformations in and around the third ventricle treated at our institution have been either an AIH or a SCIT approach. The AIH approach was used for lesions involving the lateral wall of the third ventricle or the midline third ventricular floor, whereas the SCIT approach was used for lesions extending from the third ventricle into the dorsolateral midbrain, with acceptable clinical results.
Bicycle-based collision prevention system using iPhone with LiDAR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There were 68,140 bicycle accidents in 2022 in Japan, and these accidents resulted in 312 fatalities and serious injuries of pedestrian and bicycle accidents in Japan in 2022. In this study, we propose a bicycle-based collision prevention system using an iPhone with LiDAR. We experimented in real-time while riding a bicycle and confirmed that the proposed system issued appropriate warnings in real-time and that the warning accuracy was 100%.
Transcriptomic and histochemical analysis reveal the complex regulatory networks in equine chorioallantois during spontaneous term labor

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The equine chorioallantois (CA) undergoes complex physical and biochemical changes during labor. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling these changes are still unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the transcriptome of equine CA during spontaneous labor and compare it with that of normal preterm CA. Placental samples were collected postpartum from mares with normal term labor (TL group, n = 4) and from preterm not in labor mares (330 days GA; PTNL group, n = 4). Our study identified 4137 differentially expressed genes (1820 upregulated and 2317 downregulated) in CA during TL as compared with PTNL. TL was associated with the upregulation of several proinflammatory mediators (MHC-I, MHC-II, NLRP3, CXCL8, and MIF). Also, TL was associated with the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9) with subsequent extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis, as reflected by upregulation of several apoptosis-related genes (ATF3, ATF4, FAS, FOS, and BIRC3). In addition, TL was associated with downregulation of 21 transcripts coding for collagens. The upregulation of proteases, along with the downregulation of collagens, is believed to be implicated in separation and rupture of the CA during TL. Additionally, TL was associated with downregulation of transcripts coding for proteins essential for progestin synthesis (SRD5A1 and AKR1C1) and angiogenesis (VEGFA and RTL1), as well as upregulation of prostaglandin synthesis-related genes (PTGS2 and PTGES), which could reflect the physiological switch in placental endocrinology and function during TL. In conclusion, our findings revealed the equine CA gene expression signature in spontaneous labor at term, which improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms triggering labor.
Detection of herpes viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid of adults with suspected viral meningitis in Malawi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We looked for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in Malawian adults with clinically suspected meningitis.We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from consecutive adults admitted with clinically suspected meningitis to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi, for a period of 3 months. Those with proven bacterial or fungal meningitis were excluded. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on the CSF for HSV-1 and HSV-2, VZV, EBV and CMV DNA.A total of 183 patients presented with clinically suspected meningitis. Of these, 59 (32 %) had proven meningitis (bacterial, tuberculous or cryptococcal), 39 (21 %) had normal CSF and 14 (8 %) had aseptic meningitis. For the latter group, a herpes virus was detected in 9 (64 %): 7 (50 %) had EBV and 2 (14 %) had CMV, all were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. HSV-2 and VZV were not detected. Amongst those with a normal CSF, 8 (21 %) had a detectable herpes virus, of which 7 (88 %) were HIV-positive.The spectrum of causes of herpes viral meningitis in this African population is different to that in Western industrialised settings, with EBV being frequently detected in the CSF. The significance of this needs further investigation.
Combination of Aspartate Aminotranferase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa as Non Invasive Diagnostic Tools for Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects. Sample was taken by consecutive sampling method. Diagnostic criteria of NAFLD were confirmed by liver biopsy. Clinical variables include metabolic syndrome, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), adiponectine, TNF-alfa, insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and liver biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups based on their liver biopsy, group 1: Non-NASH (NAFLD activity score <3) and group 2: NASH (NAFLD activity score of >4). Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test, Mann Whitney U, chi-square, the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity test. Results: fifty NAFLD patients were recruited, 30 males and 20 females. Among these patients, 12 (24%) had type 2 diabetes, 36 (72%) had metabolic syndrome, the remaining 2 (4%) did not fulfilled metabolic syndrome. Liver biopsy confirmed 21 (42%) non- NASH and 29 (58%) NASH respectively. Level of AST and ALT, plasma level of adiponectine and TNF-alfa were statistically different between two groups. The AST level (>25 U/L) in combination with TNF-a (>3.28 pg/cc) demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy for NASH (Accuracy 82%, Sensitivity 76%, Specificity 90%, PPV 92%, and NPV 73%). Conclusion: the combined diagnostic tests of AST and TNF-alfa plasma levels demonstrated a good accuracy for the detection of NASH among NAFLD patients. This combination test can be used as a noninvasive method to diagnose NASH. Key words: AST, TNF-a, diagnostic test, NASH.