jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of anthracycline drugs on rat heart and liver microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent lipid peroxidation.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rat liver microsomes have previously been utilized as a model biological system to study the activation of Adriamycin to the semiquinone free radical intermediate and the enhancement by Adriamycin of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidation and oxygen consumption. Incubating rat liver microsomes with Adriamycin or other structurally similar benzanthraquinone anticancer drugs resulted in marked stimulation of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. Carminomycin and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin were considerably more potent than Adriamycin, while daunorubicin, deacetyladriamycin, N-dimethyl-adriamycin, aclacinomycin A, adriamycin 14-nicotinate, and steffimycin were approximately equipotent to Adriamycin in this test system. In contrast, lapachol, anthragallol, alkylaminoanthracenedione, mitomycin C, streptonigrin, 5-iminodaunorubicin, and the Adriamycin:DNA complex potently inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, nogalamycin, or rubidazone had little or no effect. α-Tocopherol-deficient rat heart microsomes but not control heart microsomes were susceptible to increased NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (up to 10-fold) when incubated with Adriamycin or other anthracycline analogs which stimulated peroxidation in liver microsomes. The rate of NADPH oxidation in the presence of microsomes was enhanced 4-fold by either Adriamycin or daunorubicin; lapachol, anthragallol, aminoanthracenedione, and 5-iminodaunorubicin at concentrations which inhibited lipid peroxidation had no effect on NADPH oxidation. NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase activity was unaltered by those drugs which either stimulated or inhibited peroxidation. These results suggest that although several Adriamycin-like anthracycline drugs dramatically stimulated NADPH-dependent, reactive oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat liver and heart microsomes, other quinone-containing anticancer drugs do not enhance lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, there appears to be a direct correlation between the ability of certain anthracyclines to stimulate heart or liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and the effects of these drugs in other cardiotoxicity model systems.
[X-ray computed tomographic diagnosis of primary cardiac malignant lymphoma in AIDS].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary lymphomas rarely affect the heart. The myocardial disease is usually latent and the diagnosis is based on post mortem observations. The cardiac symptoms do not reveal the disease and symptomatology is not specific. Our observation shows the complementarity of non invasive techniques, for a better screening of cardiac tumoral forms. Although echocardiography is the main examination, CT scan provides a detection of infiltrative forms and of extracardiac extension. Concurrently, MRI remains the method of choice to display beginning infiltrative forms, revealed by pericardial effusion in AIDS disease.
Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alessio Alesci, Nicola Cicero, Andrea Salvo, Deborah Palombieri, DanieleZaccone, Giacomo Dugo, Maurizio Bruno, Rossella Vadala, Eugenia Rita Lauriano & SimonaPergolizzi (2014): Extracts deriving from olive mill waste water and their effects on the liver of thegoldfish Carassius auratus fed with hypercholesterolemic diet, Natural Product Research: FormerlyNatural Product Letters, DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.903479
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEPSIS EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE IN RATS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological lesions in the liver,kidney and lung sections in rats with sepsis that experimentally induced by cecal ligation and puncture CLP procedure to induce intra-abdominal infection. It was found that CLP models leads to higher mortality rate comparisons to sham-operated and un– operated animals. Also there were severe lesions in the liver , kidney and lung of rats with sepsis , characterized by severe massive necrosis in hepatic cells , while the histopathological changes in kidney of CLP rats revealed severe glomerulonehritis with infiltration of inflammatory cells , in lung , severe interstitial and bronchial pneumonia , with presence of severe thickening of blood vessel wall with thrombi . In conclusion, the results of this study have demonstrated that CLP induces high mortality rate , an acute systemic septic state with multiple organ dysfunction especially the Liver , kidney and Lung based on histopathological observations . These features were not observed in sham - operated or un-operated rats .
Noise reduction and 3D visualization of confocal microscopy images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In confocal microscopy images, a common observation is that lower image stacks have lower voxel intensities and are usually blurred in comparison with the upper ones. The key reasons are light absorption and scattering by the objects and particles in the volume through which light passes. This paper proposes a new technique to reduce such noise impacts in terms of an adaptive intensity compensation and image-sharpening algorithm. With these image-processing procedures, advanced 3D volume-rendering techniques can be applied to more faithfully visualize confocal microscopy images.
A moderated moderation of living arrangements and social support on the relationship between depressive symptoms and medication adherence in patients with heart failure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institute of Nursing Research grant Background Medication adherence is essential to improve health outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Depressive symptoms contribute to decrease adherence behaviors. Although social support is helpful to improving medication adherence, perceived social support (PSS) may differ by living arrangement. How social support and living arrangement contribute to the relationship between depressive symptoms and medication adherence is not well understood in patients with heart failure. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived social support and living arrangement moderated the association between depressive symptoms and medication adherence. Methods This was a secondary analysis from outpatients with HF. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Perceived social support was assessed using Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and patients were grouped into high and low PSS groups using a score of 79, the upper tertile value. Medication adherence was measured objectively by a medication event monitoring system for 3-months. Living arrangement was classified as (1) living with a spouse, (2) living with non-spouse family or friend, or (3) living alone. Moderated moderation analysis was conducted using PROCESS macro (Model 3) in SPSS with 5,000 bootstrap samples. Results Of the total of 208 patients (mean age = 61 ± 11.5 years, 64% male), 60% lived with spouse, 22% lived with non-spousal family or friend, and 26% lived alone. Three-way interaction (depressive symptoms*living arrangement*PSS) was significant (p = 0.0324, Figure 1). The effect of depressive symptoms on medication adherence was only significant for two groups (Figure 2): the living alone group with high PSS (effect = - 4.1855, p = 0.0021), and the living with a non-spousal family group with low PSS (effect = -1.0180, p = 0.0349). For these groups, their depressive symptoms were inversely associated with medication adherence. Conclusions: These results suggest that living arrangement and perceived social support are factors to be considered in medication adherence when planning care for patients with depressive symptoms. Future research is needed to explore whether the combined intervention of improving depressive symptoms and social support focusing on instrumental social support effectively increases medication adherence.
Non-excusable delays in construction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Existing literature and research findings indicated that delays are common amongst\nconstruction projects in many countries across the globe. Delays can be caused by\none or more of the following: the client (excusable with compensation); force majeur\nor third party (excusable delays without compensation); or the contractors (non-excusable\ndelays or contractor-responsible delays). Previous studies cited that\napproximately 50% of these delays can be classified as non-excusable delays. The\nroot-causes (or factors) that cause non-excusable delays identified in these studies\nhowever, are given no detailed attention. Improving and constantly monitoring the\nfactors causing non-excusable delays can help to determine and improve contractor's\nperformance.\nThis research explores issues related to the factors causing non-excusable delays. [Continues.]
The Lived Experiences of the Partners of Breast Cancer Survivors: Psychosocial Difficulties and Changes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of partners of breast cancer survivors. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study approach was used. Participants were purposively sampled from a University hospital in Turkey. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 12 partners of breast cancer survivors. Results: Three themes were identified: difficulties, re-adaptation to life, and new perspectives in life. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should investigate the stressors and psychosocial well-being of the partners in follow-ups. In addition, partners should be supported with psychoeducational programs for understanding women’s changes, post-treatment symptom management, emotional expression and open communication. Özet: Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı meme kanseri tedavisini tamamlamış kadınların eşlerinin yaşam deneyimlerinin açıklanmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmada tanımlayıcı fenomenoloji yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar bir Üniversitesi hastanesinden amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler 12 eşle yürütülmüştür. Bulgular: Çalışmada güçlükler, yaşama yeniden adaptasyon ve yaşamda yeni bakış açıları olmak üzere üç tema belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sağlık profesyonelleri tedavi sonrası dönem izlemlerinde eşlerin stresörlerini ve psikososyal iyi oluşluklarını değerlendirmelidirler. Ayrıca, eşler, tedavi sonrası semptom yönetimi, kadının deneyimlediği değişimler, duygu ifadesi ve açık iletişim konularında psikoeğitsel müdahalelerle desteklenmelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Eşler, meme kanseri, tedavi sonrası dönem, kalitatif araştırma.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 and 25(OH)D levels are related to abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho are extensively studied in relation to bone metabolism and progression of chronic kidney disease. There is very limited information about their role in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to investigate some bone markers in women with PCOS in relation to obesity and cardiovascular risk. In the study were included 80 patients, divided into three age-matched groups -Non-obese PCOS (n = 40); Obese PCOS (n = 20) and Obese control group (n = 20). Bone marker levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Obese PCOS patients had higher levels of FGF23 and sRANKL, lower levels of 25(OH)D and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to non-obese subjects. Patients with abdominal obesity (waist circumference >80 cm) independently of PCOS status had significantly higher levels of FGF23 (112.5 ± 86.5 vs. 73.4 ± 37.9 pg/ml; p = .023) and lower of 25(OH)D (35.8 ± 21.4 vs 47.8 ± 26.5 nmol/l; p = .034). Patients with PCOS at risk of cardiovascular diseases according to AE-PCOS consensus also had increased levels of FGF23 (111.6 ± 84.5 vs. 66.5 ± 35.1 pg/ml; p = .031) and decreased levels of 25(OH)D (31.9 ± 16.8 vs. 47.1 vs 28.4 nmol/l; p = .017) compared to those not at risk. There was no correlation between bone markers and blood glucose levels, insulin resistance or hormonal levels.
Constructions of civic education: Hong Kong teachers’ perceptions of moral, civic and national education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Various terms have been used to define civic education (CE) in Hong Kong since the colonial era. This has been particularly true since 2011, when CE has been given many names, causing confusion among educators. Mixed methods were employed to examine teachers’ perceptions of different conceptions of CE expressed as moral, civic and national education. The findings indicate that some teachers might not be able to differentiate among moral education, CE and national education. Most teachers contended that national education should be included in CE, while others believed the opposite. Teachers perceived that moral and civic education was more successful than moral and national education in cultivating students to become ‘good citizens’. Teachers’ comprehension of these terms has policy and pedagogical implications. While the study is set within the context of Hong Kong, the findings are valuable to policymakers and educators in other countries seeking to improve CE.</br>[Copyright © 2016 British Association for International and Comparative Education.]
[Effect of eprex in therapy of anemia of nephrogenic genesis in patients with chronic renal failure concurrent with diabetic glomerulosclerosis before hemodialysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Data are submitted of results of treatment of anemia of nephrogenic genesis in 44 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic glomerulosclerosis and chronic renal failure (CRF). In the patients, blood count was determined together with the corpuscular volume, blood serum level of creatinine, total protein, trace elements (calcium, sodium, potassium), total cholesterin, and beta-lipoproteins (beta-LP). Two drug regimens were adopted: 21 patient received iron preparations, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, calcium preparations, those preparations to be employed to reduce blood level of creatinine, antihypertensives, and eprex, 1000 u. four times daily for up to 4 weeks; these very preparations were given to 23 patients during the same time range but without eprex in the regimen. Four weeks later, those patients having taken eprex demonstrated significant (though not very high) elevation of the content of hemoglobin, corpuscular volume, erythrocytes and drop in total cholesterin and beta-LP in the blood serum. In those patients having had no eprex in their regimen, there were no changes in the studied parameters. Patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis concurrent with CRF and nephrogenous anemia should be prescribed eprex and preparations of iron, folic acid, cyanocobalamin combined in correction of the above anemia even in the predialysis period. Iron preparations are not to be administered in those settings where there is no reduction in its level.
FIGURE 6 from Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>TPST-1495 effectively increases survival and modulates the TME in APC<sup>min/+</sup> mice. <b>A,</b> Tumor counts in the small intestine of APC<sup>min/+</sup> mice. Mice were treated starting at 13 weeks of age for 3 weeks with TPST-1495 (100 mg/kg twice a day, orally), E7046 (150 mg/kg every day, orally), PF04418948 (100 mg/kg every day, orally), or Celecoxib (60 mg/kg every day, orally). Results are representative of multiple experiments with 7–10 mice. <b>B</b>, Kaplan–Meier curve of survival of APC<sup>min/+</sup> mice and log-rank Mantel–Cox <i>P</i> values of listed comparisons. Mice were ages to 13 weeks, then treated with as in A or with the combination of E7046 and PF04418948 at monotherapy doses, for 6 weeks. Survival was monitored longitudinally and mice were sacrificed as they became moribund. Results are representative of two similar experiments with 8 mice per group. <b>C</b>, IHC of tumor or hyperplasia excised from small intestines of mice from experiment in A. Quantification displays values from one tumor in each biological replicate. TPST-1495 every day and twice a day groups are concatenated because of limited tumor tissue in these groups. Mean and SD are depicted in all graphs and the Student two-sided <i>t</i> test was used to assess significance between individual groups. ****, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; ***, <i>P</i> < 0.001; **, <i>P</i> < 0.01; *, <i>P</i> < 0.05. BID, twice a day; QD, every day.</p>
Limitations in determining hole diffusion lengths from photocurrent measurements in gallium arsenide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photocurrent measurements using sub-band-gap light on low doped n-type gallium arsenide are described. Measurements of photocurrent I as a function of depletion width W and wavelength λ were made to determine minority carrier diffusion lengths L of order 1 μm. For long wavelengths (λ≳0.879 μm) I(W) plots could be used to measure L for carrier concentrations n?2×1015 cm−3. For larger values of n, when W≳L, the method was inapplicable owing to nonlinearities in the plots. The mean change in absorption coefficient, Δα, at λ = 0.8907 μm was determined from the plots as a function of electric field and was in qualitative agreement with calculations of the expected variation due to the Franz–Keldysch effect. It is shown that the measurements of I(λ) may be used to determine L for n&lt;5×1015 cm−3 provided accurate absorption coefficient data are available. A correction for the Franz–Keldysch effect is necessary for 2×1015 &lt;n&lt;5×1015 cm−3. For 5×1015&lt;n&lt;1016 cm−3 the method is inapplicable, when W≳L, owing to nonlinearities caused by the Franz–Keldysch effect.
Electroporation and peripheral nerve stimulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis aimed at addressing questions within the fields of electroporation and peripheral nerve stimulation and, in particular, those that arise from the interaction between the two phenomenona. On the one hand, electroporation can have various direct and indirect effects in the neuronal functions. This thesis investigates the possible role of electroporation in pulsed radiofrequency treatments for chronic pain. On the other hand, during electroporation based treatments, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves appears as an unwanted effect causing muscle contractions and acute pain. This thesis analyzes the rationale behind the use of bipolar pulses to mitigate this effect and the implications of such approach in irreversible electroporation treatments. In addition, this thesis provides a theoretical framework to explain a series of results that were in apparent contradiction with the common knowledge of the electroporation phenomenon. Finally, this thesis presents a neuromuscular model to study the recruitment patterns in intramuscular electrical stimulation.
Ternary‐Blend Polymer Solar Cells Combining Fullerene and Nonfullerene Acceptors to Synergistically Boost the Photovoltaic Performance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A ternary-blend strategy is presented to surmount the shortcomings of both fullerene derivatives and nonfullerene small molecules as acceptors for the first time. The optimal ternary device shows a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4%. Moreover, a significant enhancement in PCE (≈35%) relative to both of the binary reference devices, which has never been achieved before in high-efficiency ternary devices, is demonstrated.
Article Reranking by Memory-Enhanced Key Sentence Matching for Detecting Previously Fact-Checked Claims

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

False claims that have been previously fact-checked can still spread on social media. To mitigate their continual spread, detecting previously fact-checked claims is indispensable. Given a claim, existing works focus on providing evidence for detection by reranking candidate fact-checking articles (FC-articles) retrieved by BM25. However, these performances may be limited because they ignore the following characteristics of FC-articles: (1) claims are often quoted to describe the checked events, providing lexical information besides semantics; (2) sentence templates to introduce or debunk claims are common across articles, providing pattern information. Models that ignore the two aspects only leverage semantic relevance and may be misled by sentences that describe similar but irrelevant events. In this paper, we propose a novel reranker, MTM (Memory-enhanced Transformers for Matching) to rank FC-articles using key sentences selected with event (lexical and semantic) and pattern information. For event information, we propose a ROUGE-guided Transformer which is finetuned with regression of ROUGE. For pattern information, we generate pattern vectors for matching with sentences. By fusing event and pattern information, we select key sentences to represent an article and then predict if the article fact-checks the given claim using the claim, key sentences, and patterns. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that MTM outperforms existing methods. Human evaluation proves that MTM can capture key sentences for explanations. The code and the dataset are at https://github.com/ICTMCG/MTM.
Nonvagally Mediated Bradycardia during Cardiac Tamponade or Severe Hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bradycardia was observed during acute cardiac tamponade and severe hemorrhage in pentobarbital-anesthetized morgrel dogs after bilateral cervical vagotomy, sympathectomy and intravenous atropine. An early and a late bradycardia developed during tamponade. A portion of the early bradycardia was produced by a paradoxical increase in vagal efferent nerve activity and a pacemaker shift; however, after vagotomy, sympathectomy and atropine, a significant (p less than 0.02) early and late bradycardia still developed during acute cardiac tamponade and severe hemorrhage. The activation sequence of high and low right atrial electrograms revealed that a pacemaker shift was responsible for the nonvagally mediated bradycardia observed with acute cardiac tamponade and severe hemorrhage. The early and late bradycardias occur with either tamponade or hemorrhage, suggesting that ischemia of the sinoatrial node was the apparent cause of the pacemaker shift and resultant bradycardia.
Nano fluid- An alternative fluid in Pulsating Heat Pipe/Oscillating Heat Pipe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present article reviews the various features of nano fluid as an alternative fluid in pulsating heat pipe(PHP) which has high thermal performance required in cooling technologies of electronics engineering along with the factors affecting the performance of PHP with nano fluids. The need of nano fluid in heat pipes is discussed. Effect of nanofluid on heat transport capability of PHP/OHP is covered. Reasons for improved heat transfer with nano fluids are discussed. Effects of nano fluids on various parameters like Rwall, Ri-v,Revap&Rcond, flow pattern, startup of a PHP & thermal resistance are included. Results of experiment performed to study the effect of nano fluid concentration on thermal resistance of PHP have also been discussed. It is concluded that nano fluids are potential fluids to be used as working fluid in PHP. Keywords: pulsating heat pipe/oscillating heat pipe, nanofluids, working fluids, heat transfer enhancement, thermal resistance, startup of PHP. Abbreviations and Nomenclatures Dmax maximum diameter µ dynamic viscosity of fluid σ surface tension of fluid g acceleration due to gravity