jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of Neutral Faces Associated With Emotional Value Among Older Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Previous studies using visual search paradigms have provided inconsistent results regarding rapid detection of emotional faces among older adults. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the emotional significance of the faces contributes to efficient searches for emotional faces due to the possible confounding effects of visual saliency. We addressed this issue by excluding the influence of visual factors and examined older adults’ ability to detect faces with emotional meaning. Method We used an associative learning procedure in which neutral faces were paired with monetary reward or punishment, such that the neutral faces acquired positive or negative emotional value. Older participants completed the associative learning task and then engaged in a visual search task, in which previously learned neutral faces were presented as discrepant faces among newly presented neutral distractor faces. Data of young adults from a previous study that used identical experimental procedures were also analyzed. Results Older participants exhibited lower learning ability than young participants. However, older adults who were successful at learning were able to detect neutral faces associated with reward or punishment more rapidly than those without monetary outcomes, similar to the pattern observed for young adults. Discussion The results suggest that acquired emotional value promotes the detection of value-associated neutral faces among older adults who succeed at learning. It is therefore possible that the ability to detect faces that evoke emotions is preserved in older adults.
Performing Diplomatic Decorum: Repertoires of “Appropriate” Behavior in the Margins of International Diplomacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper interrogates the notion of diplomatic decorum in order to shine new light on the power relations that underpin performance, rhetoric, and emotional labor in international politics. In framing decorum in terms of Aristotelian rhetoric and dramaturgical principles, the paper focuses on representatives of minority communities, indigenous peoples, and stateless nations for whom adopting social behavior appropriate for the spaces of international diplomacy takes on a heightened importance. Drawing on postcolonial critiques of diplomacy, attention turns to two distinct political repertoires and configurations of style and subject that these liminal geopolitical actors engage with. First the paper examines the extent to which "unofficial" diplomats perform behavior fitting to a particular diplomatic space and how they seek to enact a diplomatic style that will be deemed appropriate to their subject position as both outsiders and aspirant diplomats. Second, the paper examines what it means to break the unwritten rules of diplomatic decorum, both in terms of incidences where individuals push the boundaries deliberately in order to perform otherness, and in examples where diplomatic performances go awry. The paper concludes by considering the ways in which decorum is a productive lens through which to view and reassess the colonial norms and power relations underpinning diplomacy.
Laminopathies affecting skeletal and cardiac muscles: clinical and pathophysiological aspects.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laminopathies are caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the ubiquitous proteins lamins A/C that are components of the lamina, a fibrous meshwork located at the inner face of the nuclear envelope. Laminopathies may affect one or several tissues such as striated muscles, peripheral nerves and adipose tissue in isolate or combined fashion. This review focuses on laminopathies affecting the striated muscle tissue only, namely Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B) and dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defects (DCM-CD). The phenotype of animal models in which the same mutation as that identified in EDMD or DCM-CD patients has been reproduced is presented as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms known to date.
Humanitarian culture as a phenomenon of spirituality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The substance of spiritual culture and humanitarian culture and interrelations between these phenomena are analyzed. The levels, functions and important attributes which differentiate humanitarian culture and natural science culture are described. The author also highlights the main characteristics of the Russian humanitarian culture, such as cosmocentrism, integrity and «sobornost», the prevalence of moral and spiritual regulators over the law restrictions and ontological realism. The humanitarian culture influences the whole system of education and determines the main body of the liberal education. The liberal education not only reveals the reasons of human existence, but also provides the techniques for resolving conflicts. Moral and psychological conflicts are treated as forms, in which objective contradictions intrinsic to moral progress of society are manifested.
Canadian Nationalism and Canadian Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nationalism in Canada is unique in its character and in its manifestations. It is confronted by a unique combination of forces which—uniquely—misrepresents it. At the outset one must, in fairness, recognize that a person like Leslie Armour—liberal, pluralistic, tolerant, wide-ranging in his philosophical work and his disciplinary interests—probably wouldn't think of himself as a nationalist. The name 'nationalist' is conferred by those who are horrified, for instance, at the suggestion by some that Canadians in post-secondary institutions in Canada who are interested in philosophy should be offered the possibility of studying Canadian philosophers and philosophy as one of their options. Over ten years Armour should have been given major institutional assistance. Upon completion of The Faces of Reason he should have been named to a senior position at a major university.
Seasonal variations in the incidence of auroral radio absorption events at very high latitude, and the influence of the magnetotail

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A statistical analysis has been made of the incidence of auroral radio absorption events at South Pole, and of its dependence on basic geophysical parameters such as season, time of day, and magnetic activity level. It is found that at low and moderate levels of activity the incidence of events in the winter season is at least twice that in the summer. However, at high activity no events at all occurred during the local summer night, which appears to be explicable as the effect of the magnetotail and the consequent distortion of the magnetosphere when the southern polar region is tilted strongly towards the Sun. Previous results from even higher latitudes show the effect in an even more exaggerated form, in that both the day and night periods of absorption activity exhibit strong seasonal variations.
Dispersion surface of magnetostatic surface waves affected by perfect conductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dispersion relation of magnetostatic surface waves (MSSW) propagating in an arbitrary direction in a ferrite slab placed between two metal plates is derived and it is shown as a curved surface in Ω-ξ-ζ space, where Ω is the normalized angular frequency, ξ is the component of the normalized wave number in the direction of dc magnetic field and ζ is the component in the direction perpendicular to dc magnetic field and parallel to the slab surface. The dispersion surface is greatly deformed by changing the normalized spacings A and B between the slab and metal plates. The curve for \xi=0 (a dominant mode) of the Ω-ζ curves which constitute the dispersion surface is free of a cutoff wave number and intersects with Ω axis at specific frequency which is determined by the normalized magnetic field Ω H and A+B , while the other curves for \xi \neq 0 (higher order modes) have a cutoff wave number except in special cases. The cut-off wave number characteristics become curves. A detail discussion is given about asymptotic change of the dispersion surface in the neighborhood of Ω axis.
Retrograde-Delivered Cardioplegia Is Not Distributed Equally to the Right Ventricular Free Wall and Septum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comment The right ventricle is at risk of receiving inadequate protection from retrograde cardioplegia. The ventricular free wall is particularly at risk if the balloon catheter is placed beyond the first branch of the coronary sinus. Technical enhancements to transesophageal echocardiography continue to be made. The authors demonstrated one of these advances with a mediodology that measures the real time, right ventricular distribution of retrograde-administered cardioplegia. They showed that the right ventricular free wall is indeed at risk for receiving inadequate protection. This capability may enhance the use of transesophageal echocardiography for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. These investigators wisely warn us of die limitations of retrograde cardioplegia. How antegrade cardioplegia fits into this scenario or whether some other solution will be used remains to be determined.
Spatiotemporal Quantification of In Vitro Cardiomyocyte Contraction Dynamics Using Video Microscopy-based Software Tool

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stem cell derived cardiomyocytes provide a platform for a variety of studies. The typically performed electrophysiological measurements do not describe the primary function of these cells, contraction and its biomechanics. Video microscopy-based analysis of motion has become a feasible option for these studies. Here, we demonstrate methods for spatiotemporal quantification of stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, implemented in an in-house developed MATLAB-based software tool. The tool is capable of characterizing cardiomyocyte contraction with minimal user bias. The results show that automatic segmentation using a power spectral density -based measure enables segmentation based on contractile function. Further, based on segmented boundaries, we introduce automatically calculated parameters for quantification the contractile function and its propagation through the cell culture based on timings of different contraction phases. The methods presented here form a basis for quantifying and understanding the contraction dynamics and the propagation of contraction in cultures involving cardiomyocytes.
The effect of Calcitriol 1,25 (OH)2 - D3 on osteoblast-like cell proliferation during in vitro cultivation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under the influence of various local factors and growth hormones, osteoblasts are one of the leading components of the bone tissue. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), an active form of vitamin D, plays an important role in retaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis within the body. Since vitamin D is also known to have effects on cell proliferation, our study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of calcitriol on the proliferation of in vitro cultured osteoblast-like cells from the bone marrow of 90-95 days old young adult rats of both sexes. Calcitriol was applied at six (6) different concentrations (nM): 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40 i 60. Each concentration was tested four times, counting the cells after 24 and 48 hours. After 24 and 48 hours treatment, the most effective dose of calcitriol for cell proliferation was 0.1 nM for both males and females. The greatest reduction in the frequency of OB-like cells from both sexes after treatment of 24 and 48 hours, was a 60 nM calcitriol concentration. Higher proliferative values of osteoblast-like cells were obtained in males compared to those obtained in females. Thus, the results of the current study reveal that calcitriol treatment induces the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells in a dose-dependent manner and this effect shows difference in cells from different genders.
Management of Women with a Hereditary Predisposition for Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Women with a hereditary breast cancer predisposition have three management options: screening, chemoprevention (risk-reducing medication) and risk-reducing surgery. However, no randomized trials have addressed the effect of these strategies in mutation carriers. In the general population, randomized trials failed to demonstrate a benefit for screening in premenopausal women. Moreover, although chemoprevention reduces breast cancer incidence in high-risk populations, this benefit is potentially confined to estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Finally, observational studies suggest that prophylactic mastectomy and even prophylactic salpingo-ophorectomy reduces breast cancer risk in BRCA mutation carriers, but there are systematic biases associated with such studies. Therefore, women with a hereditary predisposition for breast cancer should be informed of the three risk-reducing strategies, and that their benefits are not fully understood.
J. B. DANQUAH: TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL IDEAS OF A GHANAIAN NATIONALIST AND POLITICIAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article J. B. DANQUAH: TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL IDEAS OF A GHANAIAN NATIONALIST AND POLITICIAN Get access YAW TWUMASI YAW TWUMASI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 77, Issue 306, January 1978, Pages 73–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096956 Published: 01 January 1978
The Protective Role of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Green Seaweed Udotea flabellum in Cells Exposed to Oxidative Damage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Seaweed is a rich source of bioactive sulfated polysaccharides. We obtained six sulfated polysaccharide-rich fractions (UF-0.3, UF-0.5, UF-0.6, UF-0.7, UF-1.0, and UF-2.0) from the green seaweed Udotea flabellum (UF) by proteolytic digestion followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Biochemical analysis of these fractions showed that they were enriched with sulfated galactans. The viability and proliferative capacity of 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to FeSO4 (2 µM), CuSO4 (1 µM) or ascorbate (2 mM) was not affected. However, these cells were exposed to oxidative stress in the presence of FeSO4 or CuSO4 and ascorbate, which caused the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, resulting in apoptosis of the cells. We also observed increased lipid peroxidation, evaluated by the detection of malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. Treating the cells with the ultrafiltrate fractions (UF) fractions protected the cells from the oxidative damage caused by the two salts and ascorbate. The most effective protection against the oxidative damage caused by iron was provided by UF-0.7 (1.0 mg/mL); on treatment with UF-0.7, cell viability was 55%. In the case of copper, cell viability on treatment with UF-0.7 was ~80%, but the most effective fraction in this model was UF-2.0, with cell viability of more than 90%. The fractions, mainly UF-0.7 and UF-2.0, showed low iron chelating activity, but high copper chelating activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). These results suggested that some of their protective mechanisms stem from these properties.
The advantages of VATS: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

▴ Sedrakyan A, van der Meulen J, Lewsey J, et al . Video assisted thoracic surgery for treatment of pneumothorax and lung resections: systematic review of randomised clinical trials. BMJ2004;329:1008–10. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] The authors carried out a systematic review of 12 randomised clinical trials to determine if video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is associated with better clinical outcomes than thoracotomy for three common thoracic procedures: surgery for pneumothorax, minor resections (wedge and segmental resections), and lobectomy. Six trials compared … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.38243.440486.55%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15385408%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=329/7473/1008&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F3%2F238.atom
2102 Software Development for Cultivating Flight Management Skill of Airliner Pilots (Part 2)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Airline pilots operate scheduled flights with considering the flight safety, economic fuel saving expenditure, punctual flight operation and passenger comfort. In this paper, we use the term "Flight Management Skill" as an operation skill with considering the above-mentioned factors. For the training and evaluation of the Flight Management Skill, we have to perform experiments using a full-flight simulator. The problems of this approach are the experimental cost and the availability of the full-flight simulator. In order to perform the Flight Management Skill training easily, we have developed a PC software, which displays a simplified flight situation and records the operation history, which can be visualized as a time series which is used for the analysis. The experimental studies, which are carried out using the PC software and the full flight simulator, demonstrate essentially the same result from the viewpoint of the differences of "Flight Management Skill" between experienced captains and novice copilots.
Usefulness of instant messaging among young users: Social vs. work perspective

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Instant messaging (IM) was introduced in 1996. In the past few years, the majority of IM users have been teenagers. As the young IM users gradually enter the workforce, it is likely that their familiarity with IM will increase its acceptance as a business application. Consequently, the potential impact of IM in the workplace has become an important organizational issue. This study investigated the usefulness of IM for both social and work-related uses from young users' perspectives. A survey of over 500 college-age IM users was conducted. The survey data were used to identify factors that were important to the usefulness of IM. The results showed that young users correlated different features of IM with different aspects of usefulness. The ability to facilitate friendship development and personalized communication was viewed as an important feature for the social use of IM; for work-related uses, information richness and information volume were deemed as more desirable features for IM. The findings can be used as a foundation for future studies using knowledge workers in the workplace.
Review: William Blake. The Creation of the Songs: From Manuscript to Illuminated Printing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Review: William Blake. The Creation of the Songs: From Manuscript to Illuminated Printing Get access David Fuller, Reviewed by David Fuller, Reviewed by Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume 54, Issue 214, May 2003, Pages 262–263, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/54.214.262 Published: 01 May 2003
Recent market status and trends of fractionated plasma products

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The global plasmas proteins market has continued to grow throughout the past decade, reaching over $21 billion in sales in 2016. Five trends have recently affected the sales of plasma proteins significantly, including: (I) immunoglobulin has increased its primacy as the plasma market driver; (II) rise of China's plasma industry, both domestically and globally; (III) emergence and growth of several specialty products, including C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT); (IV) relative decline of the plasma-derived coagulation factors in favor of recombinant alternatives; and (V) growing role of the United States as the global supplier of source plasma. Due to these events, the industry has positively affected more patients as treatment has expanded in many areas around the globe.
Ideological Identification and the American Voter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the utility of respondent self-evaluation of ideological position on a liberal-conservative scale as a predictor of vote relative to two other types of predictors: party identification and issue positions. The general conclusion is that ideological self-evaluation identifies an effect that is independent of the other two predictors in the electorate as a whole but that the extent of this effect can vary substantially, depending on the context of the campaign and the social grouping being considered. As expected, its effect was more pronounced in 1972 than 1968, or 1964. John D. Holm is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Cleveland State University. John P. Robinson is Director of the Communication Research Center and Professor of Communication at Cleveland State University. The authors are listed alphabetically to indicate equal co-authorship.
Optimization of Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) for Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata Linn.) Chloroform Extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Soursop leaf chloroform extract has anticancer activity. The active ingredient of soursop leaf was acetogenin polypoid derivatives that have a lipophilic characteristic, and less effective to achieve action targets of drugs in biological systems. The Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) was an effective drug delivery technique that increases the solubility of lipophilic drugs. This study aims to determine the proportion of optimum SMEDDS formula using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The Formula of SMEDDS was prepared using a combination of Tween 80-Croduret, Propylene Glycol, and Candlenut oil. Optimization formula with SLD method using Design-Expert software based on physical stability parameters there are the percent of transmittance and emulsification time. The optimum formula of SMEDDS was compared with SLD prediction formula using a statistical analysis t-test, then test of loading dose extract, stability test accelerated by centrifugation, particle size, and zeta potential. The proportion of optimum composition of Tween 80-Croduret, Propylene Glycol, and Candlenut oil of SMEDDS was 60.87%; 24.13%; 15.00% respectively. Results of transmittance 41.14±3.78% and emulsification time 119.0±2.08 seconds. The predicted SLD value for the transmittance percent was 55.0% and the emulsification time was 119.59 seconds. The result of the statistical analysis of one sample t-test showed no significant difference between observation results and SLD prediction. The SMEDDS system has F value of 0.99 and capable to load 25.0 mg chloroform extract of soursop leaf each system with an average particle size of 440 nm and zeta potential of +21.5 mV.
Elastic Precursor Decay and Spallation in Nonporous Tungsten Carbide Ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To identify the possible contribution of relaxation processes to the resistance against high-rate deformation, evolution of shock-compression waves in tungsten carbide (WC) ceramics manufactured by spark-plasma sintering at a maximum compressive stress of 27 GPa is measured. Strong elastic precursor decay upon changing the thickness of the samples from 0.15 to 4 mm is revealed. At maximum shock compressive stresses twice exceeding the Hugoniot elastic limit, a decrease in the spall strength value by about 30% from its value in the elastic region is recorded.