jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intervention, Justifications and Interpretations: The Case of the SADC in the Congo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1998 the second part of 'Africa's First World War' started with the invasion of the Congo by Rwanda and Uganda. Motivated by the lack of improved security at their borders in the eastern part of the Congo and of the possibility of economic gains from natural-resource exploitation, the two intervening states, together with a Congolese rebel group, re-ignited the conflict against their former ally, the newly installed president Laurent Kabila. The fresh outbreak of the conflict rapidly got a variety of different regional and continental replies. The South African Development Community (SADC) provided the most heterogenic response, as three of its members intervened on the side of Kabila to save their fellow SADC member and stop the conflict using military means, while the other members condemned the intervention and voted for a diplomatic answer to the conflict.
Diversity-based core-set selection for text-to-speech with linguistic and acoustic features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method for extracting a lightweight subset from a text-to-speech (TTS) corpus ensuring synthetic speech quality. In recent years, methods have been proposed for constructing large-scale TTS corpora by collecting diverse data from massive sources such as audiobooks and YouTube. Although these methods have gained significant attention for enhancing the expressive capabilities of TTS systems, they often prioritize collecting vast amounts of data without considering practical constraints like storage capacity and computation time in training, which limits the available data quantity. Consequently, the need arises to efficiently collect data within these volume constraints. To address this, we propose a method for selecting the core subset~(known as \textit{core-set}) from a TTS corpus on the basis of a \textit{diversity metric}, which measures the degree to which a subset encompasses a wide range. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method performs significantly better than the baseline phoneme-balanced data selection across language and corpus size.
Looking for optimized weights of CA125 and HE4 in early screening system of ovarian cancer for Korean patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We try to find out the best weight values of CA125 and HE4 in a discriminant formula classifying ovarian cancer patients from benign patients. We utilize a logistic regression analysis for the early screening system of the ovarian cancer for Korean patients. We compare our system with ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) of Abbot corp. In view of AUC (Area under the ROC curve), sensitivity with 95% of specificity and accuracy are considered. We performed experiments based on the logistic regression analysis separated by the case of pre- and post- menopausal stages and by the stages of progression of cancer. In our experiments, we can increase about 15.6% points of sensitivity with 95% of specificity, compared to that of ROMA. In premenopausal cases, ROMA shows 93.32% of AUC value and our system shows 97.48% of AUC, 4.1% points higher than ROMA. AUC of the ROMA for premenopausal women was 93.32%, whereas the AUC of our system was 97.48%. Furthermore, the AUC of the ROMA for early-staged ovarian cancer was 91.35%, whereas the AUC of our system was 97.22%, showing that the diagnostic performance of our system was superior over that of the ROMA in Korean patient cases.
Macan-Markar, Hadji Sir Mohamed, (7 Sept. 1879–11 May 1952), Director of the Bank of Ceylon; Merchant; Governing Director in the firm of O. L. M. Macan Markar Ltd, Colombo; Director of Macan Markar Buildings Ltd; Member of The Ceylon Senate; Director of Moslem Educational Society Ltd; Director of the Galle-Face Land and Building Co., Ltd

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Macan-Markar, Hadji Sir Mohamed, (7 Sept. 1879–11 May 1952), Director of the Bank of Ceylon; Merchant; Governing Director in the firm of O. L. M. Macan Markar Ltd, Colombo; Director of Macan Markar Buildings Ltd; Member of The Ceylon Senate; Director of Moslem Educational Society Ltd; Director of the Galle-Face Land and Building Co., Ltd" published on by Oxford University Press.
PEMBUNUHAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Killing is a despicable act, sinful, contrary to the objectives of Islamic law. Islam forbids suicide and kills others. In the Qur'an explicitly, explaining that killing is a crime or a criminal offense punishable by Qisas, if it fulfills certain conditions, if the conditions are not met then it will be subject to penalties Diyat.

ملخص: قتل هو عمل حقير، خاطئين، يتعارض مع أهداف الشريعة الإسلامية. الإسلام يحرم الانتحار وقتل الآخرين. في القرآن صراحة، موضحا أن القتل هو جريمة أو جريمة جنائية يعاقب عليها القصاص، إذا كان يلبي شروط معينة، إذا لم يتم استيفاء الشروط وبعد ذلك سوف تكون خاضعة لعقوبات الدية Kata kunci: hukum islam, qisas, diyat.
Expression of thymidylate synthetase gene in 64 primary hepatic cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analye the expression of thymidylate synthetase( TYMS) gene in primary hepatic cancer cases.Methods Fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR)was used to detect TYMS in 64 hepatocellular carcinoma cases and theresults were ascertained with immunohistochemical method. Results TYMSs was expressed in 64 primary liver cancercases,occupied 43.8%,and the median copy number was M=3.55×104copies/ml,being correlated with immunohistochemicalscore in TYMS gene copy number( Log copies,r = 0.97).High expression was noticed in seven cases(1.0×105,accounted for10.9%,moderate expression was noticed in 10 cases((1.0-10)×104) accounted for 15.6% and low expression(10×103)11cases(17.2%). The expression of thymidylate synthetase in primary hepatic cancer cases revealed significant differences intumor size,survival( 1 year after operation)and paracancerous tissue(P 0.05).But there were no significant differences werefound in pathological type,AFP level and HBV-DNA in the cases(P 0.05).Conclusion FQ-PCR technology would takethe place of immunohistochemical method for detecting TYMS gene in primary liver cancer patient. TYMS gene plays a part inpromoting growth and metastasis of hepatic carcinoma it and might be taken as evidence of targeted therapy of primary liver cancer.
SH0984899.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Special Issue by Dr. Inna Ganschow on Polish Immigration. Polish Luxembourg 1900-1920: A glimpse of the iceberg tip.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The history of Poles in Luxembourg after the re-establishment of the new Polish state in 1918 can be traced on the basis of statistics from various sources. The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs kept statistics that provide a picture of Polish labour migration between two world wars. Luxembourg historians have also tackled the question of the image of the Polish diaspora before its members started to assimilate. However, both the period of World War I and the years before are hardly recorded due to the nationality of the Polish diaspora who came to Luxembourg as German, Austrian or Russian citizens. Their number should be noticeable from as early as 1900 though. On the one hand, the Luxembourg steel industry boomed at those times, which had to fall back on labour from foreign workers. On the other hand, Polish workers have a long tradition of workers “export”, because the temporary Polish migrants worked in the smelters of the German Ruhr area. They were also in demand (and engaged) in Luxembourg from 1900 to 1920.
Clustering Using Shared Reference Points Algorithm Based On a Sound Data Model (online version)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel clustering algorithm CSHARP is presented for the purpose of finding clusters of arbitrary shapes and arbitrary densities in high dimensional feature spaces. It can be considered as a variation of the Shared Nearest Neighbor algorithm (SNN), in which each sample data point votes for the points in its k-nearest neighborhood. Sets of points sharing a common mutual nearest neighbor are considered as dense regions/ blocks. These blocks are the seeds from which clusters may grow up. Therefore, CSHARP is not a point-to-point clustering algorithm. Rather, it is a block-to-block clustering technique. Much of its advantages come from these facts: Noise points and outliers correspond to blocks of small sizes, and homogeneous blocks highly overlap. This technique is not prone to merge clusters of different densities or different homogeneity. The algorithm has been applied to a variety of low and high dimensional data sets with superior results over existing techniques such as DBScan, K-means, Chameleon, Mitosis and Spectral Clustering. The quality of its results as well as its time complexity, rank it at the front of these techniques.
Lactose digestion and maldigestion : measurement and clinical consequences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to diagnose hypolactasia with a higher accuracy than with the traditional H 2 breath test. We used a combined C-lactose CO 2 /H 2 breath test, which was performed in 33 patients in whom lactase activity was measured. Lactase activity was reduced in 13 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the H 2 test were 54% and 90%;those of the CO 2 test 69% and 70%. Falsenegative results did not always occur in the same patients. In five of six patients with both tests results abnormal, lactase activity was low. In 13 of 15 patients with both tests results normal, lactase activity was normal. In 6 of 12 cases with only one test abnormal, lactase activity was low. Conclusion: The combined H 2 /CO 2 breath test (sensitivity 85%, specificity 65%) is more adequate for diagnosis of hypolactasia than the H 2 breath test alone.
Cooling Characteristic Of Carrot Puree

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Carrot is a plant that stores carbohydrates in large quantities, post-harvest processing of carrot in Indonesia still limited to get processed into the main ingredients of dishes. This study used two factor, ratio of carrot and water, and lenght of grinding time. The stage of measuring cooling characteristic start with the preparation of raw carrot, washing, peeling, cutting, grinding, and the cooling process (6°C). Cooling characteristic measured are the changing in temperature of puree during cooling process and cooling rate. This study used the ratio of carrot and water 1:1 (100 gr:100 ml), 1:2 (100 gr:200 ml), 2:1 (200 gr:100 ml), and the lenght of grinding were 1, 2, and 3. The data was taken from 9 samples of treatment combinations. Changed values of combination temperature ranged from 26.98°C to 16.76°C, 27.44°C to 16.79°C, 28.79°C to 17.29°C, 25.81°C to 15.52°C, 28.04°C to 19.03°C, 29.99 to 19.19°C, 26.56°C to 16.96°C, 27.81°C to 19.10, and 27.72 °C to 19.53 °C. Highest average cooling rate occured in the first 5 minutes when the material temperature was still higher than the cooling medium, the cooling rate values in a row were: 0.21; 0.20; 0.30; 0.22; 0.20; 0.20; 0.14; 0.16; and 0.15.
Effects of Phylogeny on Coexistence in Model Communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractSpecies' interactions are shaped by their traits. Thus, we expect traits-in particular, trait (dis)similarity-to play a central role in determining whether a particular set of species coexists. Traits are, in turn, the outcome of an eco-evolutionary process summarized by a phylogenetic tree. Therefore, the phylogenetic tree associated with a set of species should carry information about the dynamics and assembly properties of the community. Many studies have highlighted the potentially complex ways in which this phylogenetic information is translated into species' ecological properties. However, much less emphasis has been placed on developing clear, quantitative expectations for community properties under a particular hypothesis. To address this gap, we couple a simple model of trait evolution on a phylogenetic tree with Lotka-Volterra community dynamics. This allows us to derive properties of a community of coexisting species as a function of the number of traits, tree topology, and the size of the species pool. Our analysis highlights how phylogenies, through traits, affect the coexistence of a set of species. Together, these results provide much-needed baseline expectations for the ways in which evolutionary history, summarized by phylogeny, is reflected in the size and structure of ecological communities.
IDENTIFICATION, QUANTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE ETHNOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF FOLK SONGS SPECIFIC TO BIHOR, ROMANIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present study aims to identify, quantify and analyse the tourism potential offered by folk songs specific to Bihor, or by the triad folk music - folk ensemble - specific event. This approach is necessary in the context of the evolution and rise of tourism in the last period, together with the needs and expectations of tourists to spend their time in a more pleasant and also active way, integrated in the life of host communities.
Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called “browning”. The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
The Native Rat Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Is Composed of Three Distinct Subunits

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play central roles in visual and olfactory signal transduction. In the retina, rod photoreceptors express the subunits CNCα1 and CNCβ1a. In cone photoreceptors, only CNCα2 expression has been demonstrated so far. Rat olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express two homologous subunits, here designated CNCα3 and CNCα4. This paper describes the characterization of CNCβ1b, a third subunit expressed in OSNs and establishes it as a component of the native channel. CNCβ1b is an alternate splice form of the rod photoreceptor CNCβ1a subunit. Analysis of mRNA and protein expression together suggest co-expression of all three subunits in sensory cilia of OSNs. From single-channel analyses of native rat olfactory channels and of channels expressed heterologously from all possible combinations of the CNCα3, -α4, and -β1b subunits, we conclude that the native CNG channel in OSNs is composed of all three subunits. Thus, CNG channels in both rod photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons result from coassembly of specific α subunits with various forms of an alternatively spliced β subunit.
Cancer, Coma, Chromosomes, and the Comforter: Investigating Scientific Mechanisms of Divine Healing and Design

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While narratives of divine healing are common, we rarely encounter scientific investigations into divine healing presented to the scientist, the theologian, and the curious alike. This research begins by highlighting the brilliance of the design of the human body that has been intricately fine-tuned through the work of the Holy Spirit (HS) to resist disease. The study discusses how creation harbors plant-derived bioactive molecules strategically placed to safeguard and heal the body of certain cancers and other diseases through dietary means–a testament to the design and protective work of the HS intricately woven into nature. The study also scientifically investigates divine healing by examining evidence-based data on significant cases from medical records and scientific literature. We investigate cases of remarkable divine healings from metastatic cancer, inherited genetic disease, cardiac arrest, and coma in response to prayer for healing after modern medicine offered no permanent solution.
Effect of the CURB campaign on barbiturate prescribing in Northern Ireland.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Barbiturate prescribing in general practice in Northern Ireland was monitored from computer data on prescription pricing for the years 1966 to 1979, and subjected to two methods of statistical analysis.Over the last decade a very marked decline in the prescribing of barbiturate hypnotics was accompanied by progressive decreases in barbiturate anti-epileptic and combination product utilization. During the 1975 to 1977 CURB campaign there was a statistically significant greater decrease in the total quantity of barbiturate hypnotics prescribed, but the downward trend in the numbers of prescriptions written was not significantly greater than before the campaign. The main effect of CURB, therefore, was to reduce the average quantity of barbiturate per prescription. The changes in barbiturate combination product prescribing between the CURB years were consistently large, whilst anti-epileptic barbiturate prescribing decreased less significantly towards the end of the campaign.
Association between emergency oral contraceptives use and risky sexual behaviors among female students of wolkite university, SNNPR, Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: University students are among the most at-risk population and are more likely to be engaged in risky sexual behaviors. They are also the common users of emergency oral contraceptives. However, studies on whether or not use of emergency oral contraceptives affects youth sexual behaviors are rare in a University set up. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess association of emergency oral contraceptives use and risky sexual behaviors among female students of Wolkite University. Methods: An institution based quantitative cross-sectional survey was carried out using a self-administered structured questionnaire to gather data from 521 randomly selected female students of Wolkite University. The Data were entered into Epi-Data release 3.1and exported to STATA version 14for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population using major variables of the study. Also, Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were run to determine association between predictors and dependent variables. Odds ratio was used to measure the strength of association. P-value of less than 0.05 together with 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance. Results: The result revealed that about 25% (95% CI: 20.7-28.6) of students enrolled into the study are engaged in risky sexual behaviors. It was found that out of 128 students who were sexually active 46% (95% CI: 37.2-55.1) had ever used Emergency contraceptive pills. Emergency contraceptive pill use (AOR=24, 95%CI, 10.5-57), alcohol consumption (AOR=3.1; 95% CI: 1.02-9.4), and being religious (AOR=0.29; 95%CI: 0.16-0.54) were found to be statistically significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion and recommendation: Considerable amount of students had engaged in risky sexual behaviors that might predispose them to different sexual and reproductive health problems. Reassurance by the use of pill with sense of less vulnerability for HIV/STIs may make teenagers less prepared to practice STI protective behaviors in specific situations. Therefore appropriate interventions are needed to curb the high proportion of higher risky sexual behavior among the students; and young people in universities need to be educated about reproductive health and family planning and skills on preventing both unwanted pregnancy and STIs. Key wards: Risky Sexual Behavior, EOC use, university student
Patient Adherence to a Digital Real-World GLP-1 RA-Supported Weight-Loss Program in the UK: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to assess why and at what point along the care journey patients tend to discontinue a real world GLP1 RA-supported Digital Weight-Loss Service (DWLS) for women in the UK. To achieve these objectives, a cohort of 8294 patients was retrospectively analyzed, using both descriptive statistics and correlation tests. Mean adherence to the program was 183.1 (±148.9) days and the most common reasons for discontinuation were program cost (38.7%), dissatisfaction with results (16.8%), intolerable side effects (15.4%), attainment of one's weight-loss goal (7.3%) and temporary pause/holidays (5.6%). Patients who were older, Caucasian and overweight tended to adhere to the program for a statistically significantly longer period than their younger, non-Caucasian and higher BMI-class peers. This study provides important foundational insights to the scarce literature on real world GLP-1 RA-supported DWLSs, which are becoming increasingly popular in the obesity epidemic.
© notice, is given to the source. Instruction Time, Classroom Quality, and Academic Achievement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

the US Department of Education, Institute for Education Sciences for financial support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.