jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2886: Multidimensional single-cell analysis of BCR signaling reveals proximal activation defect as a hallmark of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is defined by a perturbed B-cell receptor-mediated signaling machinery. To assess the aberrant behavior of BCR signaling in CLL B cells, we developed an experimental methodology combining immunophenotyping, multiplexed phosphospecific flow cytometry, and multifactorial statistical modeling. Utilizing patterns of signaling network covariance, we modeled the complex nature of BCR signaling using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to gain new insights into the strongest predictors of discrimination between CLL and normal B cells. We identified a dynamic and variable imbalance between proximal (pSYK, pBTK) and distal (pPLCγ2, pBLNK, ppERK) phosphoresponses. Furthermore, PLSR identified the relationship between upstream tyrosine kinase SYK and its target, PLCγ2, as maximally predictive and sufficient to distinguish CLL from healthy samples, pointing to this juncture in the signaling pathway as key to the pathogenic properties of CLL B cells. Specific BCR pathway signaling signatures that correlate with the disease and its degree of aggressiveness were identified. Single-cell multidimensional analysis of BCR signaling permitted focused study of the variability and heterogeneity of signaling behavior from patient-to-patient, and from cell-to-cell. Heterogeneity in the PLSR response variable within the B cell population is both a characteristic mark of healthy samples and predictive of disease aggressiveness. Citation Format: M. Lia Palomba, Kelly Piersanti, Carly G. K. Ziegler, Jesse Cotari, Robert Balderas, Sami N. Malek, Erlene Seymour, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Gregoire Altan-Bonnet. Multidimensional single-cell analysis of BCR signaling reveals proximal activation defect as a hallmark of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2886. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2886 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
PHYSIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF THE THYMIC PEPTIDE THYMULIN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thymulin is a thymic hormone exclusively produced by the thymic epithelial cells. After its discovery and initial characterization in the ‘70s, it was demonstrated that thymulin production and secretion is strongly influenced by the neuroendocrine system. Conversely, a growing core of information, to be reviewed here, points to thymulin as a hypophysiotropic peptide. Additionally, the substantial body of evidence pointing to thymulin and some synthetic analogs as anti-inflammatory and analgesic molecules in the brain and other organs will be also reviewed. In recent years, a synthetic DNA sequence coding for a biologically active analog of thymulin, metFTS, was constructed and cloned in different adenoviral vectors. A number of recent studies suggest that thymulin gene therapy may be a suitable therapeutic strategy to prevent some of the endocrine and reproductive alterations that typically appear in congenitally athymic (nude) mice, used as a suitable model of neuroendocrine and reproductive aging. Summing up, the present article briefly reviews the literature on the physiology of the thymulin-neuroendocrine axis and the anti-inflammatory properties of the molecule and its analogs. The availability of novel biotechnological tools should boost basic studies on the molecular biology of thymulin and should also allow an assessment of the potential of gene therapy to restore circulating thymulin levels in thymodeficient animal models and eventually, in humans.
Neural Network Approaches for Recommender Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recommender systems are special algorithms that allow users to receive personalized recommendations on topics that interest them. Systems of this kind are widely used in various fields, for example, in e-commerce, provider services, social networks, etc. Together with classical approaches, neural networks have also become popular in recommender systems in recent years, which are gradually replacing traditional methods of collaborative filtering and content-based algorithms. However, neural networks require large computing resources, which often raises questions on whether an increase in quality will be justified and whether there be one at all. The neural network approach in recommender systems—the self-attentive sequential recommendation (SASRec) transformer model from Microsoft Recommenders—is studied and compared with the classic algorithm, the LightFM hybrid model. For training and validation, the data taken from a housing search application are used. It is proposed to use the hit rate as the main metric for comparison. The results of the experiments will help to understand which algorithms have higher accuracy in terms of predictions and recommendations. As an additional part, the clustering of user and object embeddings is considered.
SURG-24. OVERALL SURVIVAL IN A SYNGENEIC RODENT ORTHOTOPIC HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA MODEL IS SIGNIFICANTLY PROLONGED BY NEUROSURGICAL DELIVERY OF PLGA/PEG INTERSTITIAL CHEMOTHERAPY

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: The blood brain barrier is a critical limiting step to achieving therapeutic CNS drug concentrations. We have developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG)-based platform technology to interstitially deliver multiple chemotherapy agents from a single thermo-setting biodegradable paste, achieving high local but low systemic concentrations and sustained delivery of cytotoxic drugs directly to the CNS. Here we evaluate moldable PLGA/PEG paste for combined temozolomide (TMZ) and etoposide (ETOP) delivery in an orthotopic syngeneic high-grade glioma animal model. METHODS: Drug release and preserved stability of the active TMZ molecule (AIC) was evaluated by fluoroscopic and LC-mass spectrometer based methods. In vitro cytotoxicity of released TMZ/ETOP was evaluated against high-grade glioma cell lines and patient-derived primary cultures using metabolic assays. In vivo efficacy and overall survival were evaluated in the syngeneic orthotopic 9L glioma rat model of intra cavity chemotherapy. RESULTS: TMZ and ETOP were released from PLGA/PEG alone or in dual combinations over 2 weeks in vitro. Cytotoxicity of released drugs in vitro is comparable to directly applied agents, demonstrating the retained molecular integrity of TMZ/ETOP upon loading and releasing from PLGA/PEG. Both high (20% w/w TMZ / 50% w/w ETOP) and low (10% w/w TMZ / 25% w/w ETOP) doses were well tolerated in vivo, with no observable weight loss nor neurological deficits. Significant positive survival benefits from PLGA/PEG/TMZ/ETOP therapy were observed in vivo compared to surgery alone, surgery with blank paste (49 vs. 14 days; p < 0.001) or surgery plus oral TMZ (49 vs. 33 days; p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that localized dual release of TMZ/ETOP achieves a significant extension to overall survival in vivo. As such, PLGA/PEG paste applied to the post-surgical resection cavity offers a realistic opportunity for localized control of residual malignant glioma cells.
Structure and Oxidation of Thin Gold-Nickel Alloy Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structure and oxidation of thin alloy films of composition Au-15 at.% Ni have been investigated by means of x-ray and electron diffraction, and the oxide growth rate determined by measuring changes in the electrical resistivity of the films during oxidation. The films are prepared by sputtering and, even at low substrate temperatures, comprise single-phase homogeneous structures. Oxidation in the temperature range 250°–310°C shows a two-stage logarithmic growth rate (or resistivity change) with time similar to that observed for Ni, Cu, and Fe. This behavior is consistent with the formation of oxide only at the alloy film surface, and can be interpreted qualitatively in terms of the electron-transfer model proposed by Uhlig et al., for the oxidation of pure Ni. Epitaxial alloy films with (001) and (111) orientation are produced by sputtering onto the cleaved surfaces of NaCl and mica at about 400°C. On annealing these films at and above 500°C, pre-precipitation effects are observed in the electron-diffraction patterns. These are associated with the formation, in succession, of the superlattice structures, NiAu3 and NiAu. True precipitation of Ni-rich alloy occurs at temperatures above 600°C. Oxidation of epitaxial films of the disordered alloy at temperatures below 250°C results in the growth of poorly crystallized, non-oriented NiO. At 280°C both non-oriented and also three differently oriented oxide products, are formed, the NiO orientations corresponding to those reported by Collins and Heavens for oxide growth on Ni films. At 400°C only oxide orientations parallel to the metal film are detected.
Vertical Integration, Supplier Behavior, and Quality Upgrading among Exporters

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study the relationship between firms’ output quality and organizational structure. Using data onthe production and transaction chain that makes up Peruvian fishmeal manufacturing, we establish threeresults. First, firms integrate suppliers when the quality premium rises for exogenous reasons. Second,suppliers change their behavior to better maintain input quality when vertically integrated. Third, firmsproduce a highershareof high-quality output when weather and supplier availability shocks shift theminto using integrated suppliers. Overall, our results indicate that quality upgrading is an important motivefor integrating suppliers facing a quantity-quality trade-off, as classical theories of the firm predict.
GC-MS/Ms Analysis of Benzo(a)pyrene by Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mass spectrometry using an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer has been investigated to find optimum conditions for the analysis of benzo(a)pyrene (3,4-benzpyrene). The applicability to a real soil sample was also investigated to verify the usef ulness of the MS/MS (or collision induced dissociation, CID) analysis. The optimum CID condition was 1.5 and 0.45 for the RF excitation voltage and the q value, respectively. For comparison, CID and EI were applied to the analysis of a soil sample. CID analysis was more sensitive than EI analysis of the soil sample. The limit of detection (LOD) of benzo(a)pyrene was 3.18 ng mL-1 and 0.85 ng mL,-1 for EI and MS/MS analysis, respectively. The precision at the soil sample for EI and CID showed relative standard deviations of 6.1% and 4.1%, respectively, and the concentrations were 168 ㎍ kg-1 and 162 ㎍ kg-1 , respectively.
Oral health status of patients seeking therapeutic and rehabilitative care for cleft lip and cleft palate at specialty hospitals in vadodara

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: To assess the oral health status of the patients seeking therapeutic and rehabilitative care for cleft lip and cleft palate at specialty hospitals of Vadodara district, Gujarat. Objectives: Record the Oral Health Status of the patients undergoing therapeutic and rehabilitative care for cleft lip and cleft palate or both by using WHO 2004 methodology. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted at the three specialty centers of Vadodara district for a period of six months. All the subjects with cleft lip and cleft palate reporting to the OPD of these Centre were examined. Total 52 subjects reporting to these Centre were included and the data was recorded according to the Multi-centric Oral health survey-2004. The data related to oral health status was recorded, compiled, tabulated and was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS package. Results: Among the 52 subjects examined, 32 were males and 20 were females. All the subjects had dental caries, gingival bleeding was seen in 71.1% of subjects and pockets were seen in 67.30%. Loss of attachment was seen in 96.65% of the subjects. Mean caries experience was more in males 5.78±1.18 as compared to females, whereas gingival bleeding was more in females. 19.23% of the subjects had ulcerations, 50% had abnormality of the upper lips and 15.38% had very mild fluorosis. Conclusion: In general, cleft lip and/or palate subjects exhibited poor oral health status with a higher level of caries experience and poor periodontal condition.
Assembly of Short Oligoribonucleotides from Commercially Available Building Blocks on a Tetrapodal Soluble Support

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A workable method for the preparation of short oligoribonucleotides from commercially available 5´-O-(4,4´- dimethoxytrityl)-2´-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)ribonucleoside 3´-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) building blocks on a soluble tetrakis-O-[4-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methylphenyl]pentaerythritol support has been developed. The 3´-terminal nucleoside was attached as a 3´-O-(4-pentynoyl) derivative to the support by Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction. The coupling cycle consisted of 4,5-dicyanoimidazole promoted coupling in MeCN with 1.5 equiv. of the monomeric building block, conventional iodine oxidation and precipitation from water followed by flash chromatographic purification. Treatment with triethylamine, followed by ammonolysis and desilylation with Et3N(HF)3 afforded the oligoribonucleotide. As a proof of concept, a pentamer 3´-UUGCA-5´ was prepared in 46% overall yield. Keywords: Nucleosides, nucleotides, oligoribonucleotides, phosphoramidites, synthesis, soluble support.
Innovating science teaching with a transformative learning model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This exploratory study aimed to describe the impact of the ‘Science in Family project’, as a transformative learning model for science teachers trying to improve student’s attitudes toward STEM subjects. This study took place in a public elementary school in Monterrey, Mexico, which has been developing this project for more than thirteen years with students from 4th, 5th and 6th grade. We used participant observation and interviews with four families whose children are students of this elementary school, and with one family whose sons were students of this school some years ago. Results showed that there is a relationship between positive attitudes towards science in students who were exposed to transformative learning models of teaching. Two of the participants took steps to follow science related careers. This study helps to illuminate the extent to which teacher education models influence students’ attitudes and how positive attitudes to science are influenced by the use of learning by doing projects.
WAYS TO IMPROVE SPORTS TECHNIQUE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article shows the possibilities of using urgent information media, which are aimed at developing motor dexterity and improving sports technique in various sports. Urgent information received by the athlete takes on the meaning of feedback. It becomes a component of the motion control mechanism. On its basis, the athlete acquires the ability to consciously regulate movement, make the necessary corrections, correct mistakes, and improve movement technique.
Cover crop impacts water quality in a tile-terraced no-till field with corn-soybean rotation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cover crops (CCs) are a recognized best management practice to reduce surface water runoff and nutrient loss from agroecosystems. This 4-yr study was conducted in a tile-terraced field to assess the effects of CCs on nutrient loss compared to without CC (no CC) in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. The 3xCCmix (wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. Sativus), and turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa)) was aerial seeded in soybean at R6 in 2018 and 2020. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) was drill seeded after the corn harvest in 2019 and 2021 (corn-cereal rye-soybean-3xCCmix). Water samples from individual flumes were collected using automated samplers and analyzed for concentrations and loads of nitrate-N (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorus (PO4-P), and total suspended solids (TSS). The 3xCCmix and cereal rye had 16% and 12% lower discharge, respectively, than no CC. The 3xCCmix reduced TSS load 50% compared to CC, while cereal rye had no effect. Cover crops reduced NO3-N load 20%, 54%, and 68% during the corn, cereal rye, and soybean growing periods, respectively. Over the full rotations, cumulative discharge and nutrient loads were greater during the 2018–20 crop rotation year because of increased precipitation in 2019. The variability in effectiveness of CCs in reducing nutrient losses was likely affected by different climatic and management factors including CC planting and termination dates. This study highlights the benefits of CCs for reducing sediment and nutrient loss over crop rotation, as well as the continued need for enhanced fertilizer management systems to reduce nutrient loss.
Development and evaluation of anxiolytic potential of bagels incorporated with banana peel flour and lavender

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anxiety affects a quarter of people globally. It can be treated with medicinal plants i.e., Lavendula angustifolia, with anxiolytic compounds, and fruits such as banana, with mood-stabilizing vitamins and minerals. Functional baking products are being designed to address prevalent nutritional issues. Bagels are bakery products made by cold fermentation. Therefore, the present study was designed to make therapeutic bagels by incorporating lavender and banana peel powder to evaluate the anxiolytic effect. Whole wheat was used to prepare the control treatment. The combination of whole wheat flour and banana peel powder (90:10) was used to make subsequent three treatments with lavender (T0: 0 ml, T1: 5 ml, T2: 10 ml, and T3: 15 ml). Sensory evaluation declared T2 as the most acceptable one. Thus, it was selected for a daily intervention lasting 2–3 weeks. There was a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the anxiety score of experimental subjects. The final product was analyzed for proximate (moisture, protein, fat, and fiber), physical (color and texture), and phytochemical analysis (antioxidant and total phenolics). The moisture, protein, and fiber content increased from T0 to T1 but remained constant in T1, T2, and T3. While fats, DPPH, and TPC increased significantly (p < 0.01) from T0 to T3 as 5.25 ± 0.10 to 7.21 ± 0.09, 18.09 ± 0.26 to 47.84 ± 0.27, and 21.53 ± 0.17 to 1.58 ± 0.19, respectively. Banana peel powder imparted a darker tone in bagels. Hence, they can be utilized in value-added food products to relieve stress and anxiety. In future, bioactive characterization of the product and efficacy studies can be done.
Indiana administrators' perceptions of the evaluation of special teachers of students with mild disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A recent focus of educational reform has been the evaluation of teacher performance. In \nresponse, individual states created comprehensive teacher evaluation (TE) instruments. Indiana \npassed Public Law 90 (formerly SEA 001) in 2011that addressed teacher effectiveness. While it \noutlined the required components of the new TE instruments, there was no mention of special \neducation in the legislation. To date there has been no TE instrument that addresses the unique \nresponsibilities of special education teachers (SETs). \nThis study was completed in response to the current need for additional research to \ninform the field of efforts focused on the evaluation of SETs and the need for TE instruments \nthat are sensitive to SETs unique responsibilities in increasing student outcomes. This \nexploratory study examined the perceptions of elementary school principals, secondary school \nprincipals, and special education directors in Indiana public schools concerning the evaluation of \nSETs who teach students with mild disabilities in general education classrooms. The study \ninvestigated the differences between the respondent groups in their knowledge of PL 90 (SEA \n001), their corporation/cooperatives teacher evaluation instrument and professional teaching \nstandards including both the Rules for Educator Preparation and Accountability (REPA) and the \nCouncil for Exceptional Children’s (CEC) Knowledge and Skill Professional Standards. Training \nrequirements in teacher evaluation, the identification and inclusion of the unique skills and \nresponsibilities of SETs and the differentiation of general and special educators in their TE \ninstrument were also addressed in this study. Findings from this study indicated that not all \nrespondents have received training in their TE instrument as mandated in PL 90 (SEA 001). A \nmajority of the respondents believed that (a) SETs should be evaluated using a differentiated/ \nmodified TE instrument from that used for GETs and (b) expressed a desire for additional \ntraining in the unique responsibilities of SETs. Recommendations for practice and implications \nfor future research are provided.
Study of the Influence of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Rheology of Motars

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the air entrainment on the fresh rheological properties as well as on the compressive mechanical resistances of the mortars. The hardened concrete contains a certain amount of randomly spread air, coming either from a drive during kneading or from the evaporation of the mixing water. The air quantity is in the order of 20 l / m 3 , ie 2% of the volume. However, the presence of a large volume of air bubbles causes the mechanical resistances to fall in compression. On the other hand, the use of air entrainment could improve the rheological properties of fresh concrete. Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of air entrainment on compressive strength, density and ingredients of fresh concrete mix. During all the study, water cement ratio (w/c) was maintained constant at 0.5. The results have shown substantial decreasing in water and mortar density followed with decreasing in compressive strength of mortar. The results of this study has given more promising to use it as a guide for mortar mix design to choose the most appropriate concrete mix design economically.