jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Graded epidural anesthesia for open cholecystectomy in elderly patient with ischemic heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Geriatric patients with a limited physiological reserve and associated comorbidities present a challenge to anesthesiologists. Patients with cardiac disease coming for non-cardiac surgical procedures are at increased risk of perioperative cardiovascular events such as myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (MI) and are associated with greater morbidity and mortality. In this case report, the patient had a previous history of MI and was a known case of diabetes mellitus with acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis with anterolateral ischemic heart disease with an ejection fraction of 35%. This patient was posted for open cholecystectomy with CBD exploration and successfully managed under graded epidural anesthesia and had an uneventful recovery.
Preventability of death in a medical ICU in a developing country

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

an Alitalia flight from Milan, crashed into a wooded hill while attempting to land at Zurich's Kloten airport.The plane was torn to shreds -various parts strewn all over the hilly terrain between the villages of Stadel and Weiach.There were 40 passengers and 6 crew on board and none of them survived.
Double Cyclization/Aryl Migration Across an Alkyne Bond Enabled by Organoboryl and Diarylplatinum Groups

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Die Synergie zwischen zwei Metallen ermöglicht die diastereoselektive Reaktion von Diarylacetylenen 1, die eine Boryl- (BMes2) und eine Diarylplatingruppe enthalten, zu den Tetracyclen 2 (siehe Schema). Dabei läuft eine doppelte Metallocyclisierung/Arylwanderung ab.
PROSTHESIS OF AORTIC VALVE BY STENTED AND STENTLESS BIOLOGICAL PROSTHESES: INTERMEDIATE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE. The authors assessed an impact of the design of biological prosthesis on efficacy of aortic valve replacement in elderly patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Randomized parallel controlled prospective study was carried out. The patients were divided into groups with stented and stentless prostheses. A value of peak valve gradient was determined as a primary end point. RESULTS. The peak gradients were significantly higher in the first group than in the second group. There was noted a significant difference in value of miocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricular (mass index of the myocardium) during 30-day terms after operation. CONCLUSIONS. The final results would be possible to consider after the end of the study. The results of intermediate analysis supported the validity of the proposed hypothesis.
Multiscale Structured Trimetal Oxide Heterojunctions for Urinary Metabolic Phenotype‐Dependent Screening of Early and Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Developing a standardized screening tool for the detection of early and small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through urinary metabolic analysis poses a challenging yet intriguing research endeavor. In this study, a range of intricately interlaced 2D rough nanosheets featuring well‐defined sharp edges is fabricated, with the aim of constructing diverse trimetal oxide heterojunctions exhibiting multiscale structures. By carefully engineering synergistic effects in composition and structure, including improved adsorption, diffusion, and other surface‐driven processes, the optimized heterojunctions demonstrate a substantial enhancement in signal intensity compared to monometallic or bimetallic oxides, as well as fragmented trimetallic oxides. Additionally, optimal heterojunctions enable the extraction of high‐quality urinary metabolic fingerprints using high‐throughput mass spectrometry. Leveraging machine learning, discrimination of HCC patients from high‐risk and healthy populations achieves impressive performance, with area under the curve values of 0.940 and 0.916 for receiver operating characteristic and precision‐recall curves, respectively. Six crucial metabolites are identified, enabling accurate detection of early, small‐tumor, alpha‐fetoprotein‐negative HCC (93.3%–97.3%). A comprehensive screening strategy tailored to clinical reality yields precision metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score) exceeding 95.0%. This study advances the application of cutting‐edge matrices‐based metabolic phenotyping in practical clinical diagnostics.
A Comprehensive Review on Patents, Herbal Treatment and ClinicalTrials on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: This paper provides an outline of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), its mechanism of action, and types of HIV/AIDS. Additionally, it offers recent advances and patent data on HIV medications and formulations for the last ten years. The HIV/AIDS patents describes how compounds can stop viruses from spreading and stop HIV from multiplying. It also gives information about monolithic tablets, fixed oral doses of triple HIV formulations, and drug delivery systems that use electrospun fibers. The patents also reveals the treatment for patients having liver disease by using herbal ingredients. The effects of various herbal ingredients and preparations on HIV replication, immunological function, and symptom management have been researched. Despite the encouraging randomized trial data available, it is crucial to proceed cautiously when using herbal treatments for HIV/AIDS treatment. Recent years clinical trials of HIV/AIDS were also reviewed. Herbal remedies are preferred more than other drugs because they have fewer side effects and have long-lasting effects for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The regulation, quality assurance, and standardization of herbal products are the challenges for the industry.
Compatibility of the Polystyrene/Polyolefin Blends Containing Block Copolymers I. Processing Behaviour and Characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The processing behaviour and mechanical and thermal properties of the polystyrene/polyethylene or polystyrene/polypropylene blends containing block copolymers of KRATON type as compatibilizing agents have been studied. It has been established that the compounding on a twin screw extruder followed by γ-irradiation assures satisfactory homogeneity of the blends and also good mechanical properties. A thermomechanical method was developed to characterize the blends. The variation of the α-relaxation or glass transition temperatures with blend composition as well as the variation of the other thermal characteristics such as melt flow rate, melting and crystallization temperatures, Vicat temperatures, etc. exhibit the important differences in respect to the average values indicating a good compatibilization of the components.
HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF REDUCED PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE DEPENDENT POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBON METABOLIZING SYSTEMS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. Histochemical procedures have been developed for the demonstration of reduced pyridine nucleotide dependent systems metabolizing 3, 4-benzypyrene, perylene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene and 1, 2-benzanthracene. 2. For these procedures, an in situ indicator technique has been employed in which alterations of the fluorescence of the substrates coated on tissue sections is used to demonstrate the sites of enzyme activity. 3. Positive reactions have been found in the hepatic cells of rat, mouse, hamster, monkey, and man. The cells of the central portion of the hepatic lobule are more active than those of the periphery in all species. 4. A survey of rat tissues has shown positive reactions also in the distal portion of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal, the interstitial cells of the testis, the follicular epithelium of the thyroid and the alveolar walls of the lung. 5. The activity is considerably higher in sections of liver, kidney, thyroid, testis, and lung from rats injected with methylcholanthrene than in control animals; in the adrenal, no such increase is found.
Analysis of Distributed ADMM Algorithm for Consensus Optimization in Presence of Error

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ADMM is a popular algorithm for solving convex optimization problems. Applying this algorithm to distributed consensus optimization problem results in a fully distributed iterative solution which relies on processing at the nodes and communication between neighbors. Local computations usually suffer from different types of errors, due to e.g., observation or quantization noise, which can degrade the performance of the algorithm. In this work, we focus on analyzing the convergence behavior of distributed ADMM for consensus optimization in presence of additive node error. We specifically show that (a noisy) ADMM converges linearly under certain conditions and also examine the associated convergence point. Numerical results are provided which demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented analysis.
Preoperative quality of life predicts complications in thoracic surgery: a retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVES Patients undergoing thoracic surgery experience high complication rates. It is uncertain whether preoperative health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements can predict patients at higher risk for postoperative complications. The objective of this study was to determine the association between preoperative HRQOL and postoperative complications among patients undergoing thoracic surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data. Consecutive patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery at a Canadian tertiary care centre between January 2018 and January 2019 were included. Patient HRQOL was measured using the Euroqol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) survey. Complications were recorded using the Ottawa Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality system. Uni- and multivariable analysis were performed. RESULTS Of 515 surgeries performed, 133 (25.8%) patients experienced at least 1 postoperative complication; 345 (67.0%) patients underwent surgery for malignancy. A range of 271 (52.7%) to 310 (60.2%) patients experienced pain/discomfort at each timepoint. On multivariable analysis, lower preoperative EQ-5D visual analogue scale scores were significantly associated with postoperative complications (adjusted odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.95–0.99; P = 0.01). Presence of malignancy was not independently associated with complications (P = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported preoperative HRQOL can predict incidence of postoperative complications among patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Assessments of preoperative HRQOL may help identify patients at higher risk for developing complications. These findings could be used to direct preoperative risk-mitigation strategies in areas of HRQOL where patients suffer most, such as pain. The full perioperative trajectory of patient HRQOL should be discerned to identify subsets of patients who share common risk factors.
Flywheel piezoelectric actuator for active vibration control applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of experimental tests of a new proof mass actuator that can be used to implement a velocity feedback loop to reduce the flexural vibration of large flexible structures. Classical proof mass actuators used in vibration control systems require low fundamental resonance frequency to produce a constant force effect at the control position in the desired frequency range. The actuator considered in this study uses a piezoelectric stack transducer, which is characterised by large force and small stroke properties. Thus, to meet the requirement of low resonance frequency, the actuator should be equipped with a large proof mass. However, in this case when the actuator is exposed to shocks the piezoelectric transducer undergoes large deformations, which may lead to cracks. Also, the bulky proof mass limits the range of applications in which the actuator can be used. The actuator presented in this paper includes an additional flywheel element that produces an apparent mass effect without increasing the proof mass. As a result, the fundamental resonance frequency of the actuator is lowered without increasing the total weight of the suspended mass. This leads to both a more robust feedback loop with higher vibration control performance and a more robust actuator to shocks and large disturbances. The paper presents the measured frequency responses functions that characterise the electro-mechanical response of the proposed flywheel piezoelectric actuator, which are contrasted with simulations obtained from a simplified lumped parameter model.
An improved method for culture of high-density rat cortex neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To establish an improved method for culture of high-density fetal cortex neuron and observe morphological characteristics of the neurons at different developmental and differential stages.Methods The cortex of precise 14 d embryonic rat was used for culture in this study.Shortened time of trypsin digestion and mechanical dissociation were adopted to reduce the damage of neurons during the operation.Then the single-neuron-cell suspension was planted to poly-L-lysin coated plate with a density of 600-700 cells/mm2 and the neuronal morphological characteristics at different stages were observed.Results High-density rat cortex neurons were successfully cultured,which had distinct morphological characteristics at different stages.Conclusion This high-density culture method is a stable method for neurons in vitro research.
CUNSB-RFIE: Context-aware Unpaired Neural Schrödinger Bridge in Retinal Fundus Image Enhancement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Retinal fundus photography is significant in diagnosing and monitoring retinal diseases. However, systemic imperfections and operator/patient-related factors can hinder the acquisition of high-quality retinal images. Previous efforts in retinal image enhancement primarily relied on GANs, which are limited by the trade-off between training stability and output diversity. In contrast, the Schrödinger Bridge (SB), offers a more stable solution by utilizing Optimal Transport (OT) theory to model a stochastic differential equation (SDE) between two arbitrary distributions. This allows SB to effectively transform low-quality retinal images into their high-quality counterparts. In this work, we leverage the SB framework to propose an image-to-image translation pipeline for retinal image enhancement. Additionally, previous methods often fail to capture fine structural details, such as blood vessels. To address this, we enhance our pipeline by introducing Dynamic Snake Convolution, whose tortuous receptive field can better preserve tubular structures. We name the resulting retinal fundus image enhancement framework the Context-aware Unpaired Neural Schrödinger Bridge (CUNSB-RFIE). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first endeavor to use the SB approach for retinal image enhancement. Experimental results on a large-scale dataset demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method compared to several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods in terms of image quality and performance on downstream tasks.The code is available at https://github.com/Retinal-Research/CUNSB-RFIE .
MECHANISM OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN ICE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electrical properties of ice can be explained by the presence of four mobile structural defects of the lattice which are the ions H3O+ and OH-, and the Bjerrum or valence defects. The opposite action of both sorts on the proton configuration determines the DC conductivity, and the predominance of one of them is necessary for the occurrence of the high dielectric constant and its Debye relaxation. The microscopical charge transfers, accompanying the movement of the defects, allow the definition of dynamical defect charges, which in turn relate the electrical parameters with the defect concentrations and determines their tensorial character. The defects respond also to concentration, pressure and temperature gradients, which induce in the crystal differences of the electrical potential. The defect transport occurs by proton jumps on neighboring lattice sites, either with a thermal activation over a potential step or by a tunnel effect through the step.
This description does not preclude the existence of other defects, which can also have a bearing on certain electrical properties. They might occur, for example, when the ice is doped with other substances, but this more complicated situation is not yet clear.
A survey of the mental healthcare systems in five Francophone countries in West Africa: Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger and Togo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sub-Saharan Africa has a wide mental health treatment gap, with low levels of access to mental health services. This paper presents the findings of systematic situation analyses carried out in five Francophone countries in West Africa, which are among the poorest in the world. The findings showed low levels of budgetary allocation to mental health, poor health infrastructure (especially at primary level) and unequal distribution of human and financial resources. In this challenging context, there are signs of reform of services, based on international best-practice guidelines and practical considerations such as decentralisation of services, task-sharing and strengthening stakeholder skills to advocate for change.
Acropora digitifera: Aeby, G., Lovell, E.R., Richards, Z.T., Delbeek, J.T., Reboton, C. & Bass, D.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
Swallowed partial denture: a case report.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Accidental swallowing and aspiration of dental prostheses is not uncommon and has been reported frequently in the literature. The location of a swallowed or aspirated dental prosthesis often is accomplished radiographically but this is difficult with prostheses constructed entirely of acrylic resins. A case report of an elderly patient who swallowed a removable partial denture is reviewed.
Role of the MAP kinase Sty1 and the transcription factor Atf1 in euchromatin and heterochromatin dynamics in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic DNA is condensed inside the nucleus, compacted into chromatin. The structure of chromatin is dynamic, and its accessibility to cellular machinery can be altered depending on the level of chromatin compaction (euchromatin or heterochromatin) and the induction of specific transcription programs. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the MAP kinase Sty1 and the transcription factor Atf1 play a key role in the regulation of gene expression during diverse biological processes. These inducible transcriptional responses are essential to survive to different environmental changes, and phosphorylated Atf1 rules the chromatin remodeling needed to adapt and survive. Furthermore, the transcription factor Atf1 does not only affect euchromatic transcription, but also the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin. In this work, I describe the role of Sty1-mediated phosphorylation of Atf1 in different processes, both stress related or not, and the effects caused in the chromatin dynamics by this pathway.
Maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

and will be fewer in number than those at present receiving limited-period oxygen.We would take issue with the conclusions of Dr Jones and his colleagues.Current domiciliary oxygen supply is costly, inefficient, and uses outdated equipment.Changes will have to be made, but only on the basis of a clearer knowledge of the type of patient likely to benefit, the duration and quantity of daily therapy required for clinical benefit, and a thorough evaluation of new techniques of delivery, "G" size cylinders, oxygen concentrators, or portable liquid oxygen systems.
Optimized Ultraviolet‑C\nProcessing Inactivates\nPathogenic and Spoilage-Associated Bacteria while Preserving Bioactive\nProteins, Vitamins, and Lipids in Human Milk

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Holder pasteurization (HoP) enhances donor human milk\nmicrobiological\nsafety but damages many bioactive milk proteins. Though ultraviolet-C\nirradiation (UV–C) can enhance safety while better preserving\nsome milk proteins, it has not been optimized for dose or effect on\na larger array of bioactive proteins. We determined the minimal UV–C\nparameters that provide >5-log reductions of relevant bacteria\nin\nhuman milk and how these treatments affect an array of bioactive proteins,\nvitamin E, and lipid oxidation. Treatment at 6000 and 12 000\nJ/L of UV–C resulted in >5-log reductions of all vegetative\nbacteria and bacterial spores, respectively. Both dosages improved\nretention of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, lactoferrin, cathepsin\nD, and elastase and activities of bile-salt-stimulated lipase and\nlysozyme compared with HoP. These UV–C doses caused minor reductions\nin α-tocopherol but not γ-tocopherol and no increases\nin lipid oxidation products. UV–C treatment is a promising\napproach for donor human milk processing.
The Effect of Dithionite and its Decomposition Products on Redox Mediators Used in the Cyclic Voltammetry of Nitrogenase Enzymes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry is a powerful tool to study enzyme mechanisms. Over the last decade, voltammetry has been applied to probe aspects of nitrogenase catalysis. One aspect that is often overlooked is the effect of dithionite (S 2 O 4 2− , DTH) on nitrogenase and the mediators used during voltammetry experiments. Dithionite is routinely added to purification and storage buffers to protect nitrogenase and other anaerobic enzymes from oxygen. Dithionite has extremely complex chemistry with a myriad of decomposition products. Herein, we sought to systematically investigate the effect of dithionite and some of its decomposition products on the voltammetry of different redox mediators independently and in conjunction with nitrogenase. We found the major decomposition product sulfite (SO 3 2− ) gives rise to reductive catalysis. This cannot be distinguished from enzyme catalysis, particularly with cobaltocenium mediators which can result in amplified k obs values. We provide recommendations on how to identify and avoid interpreting ‘pseudo’ catalysis in lieu of enzyme catalysis by DTH and reinforce the requirement to remove DTH from the enzyme stock prior to performing cyclic voltammetry experiments.
Sentinel Lymph Node Identification Using Contrast Lymphosonography: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept hypothesizes that metastatic cancer cells will spread through the lymphatic system to the SLN being the first one in the lymphatic chain to receive the metastatic cells, indicating that if the SLN is free of cancer cells the rest of the lymphatic chain is also without metastatic disease. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging (US) has been used to evaluate lymph nodes (LN) to determine level of suspicion and to guide LN biopsies. However, conventional US cannot be used for lymphatic mapping, which requires administration of a tracer. This has been changed with the use of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) to detect lymphatic channels and SLNs after subcutaneous injections of microbubble-based US contrast agents (UCAs). The aim of this review is to examine the clinical evidence on the role of subcutaneous injection of UCA, known as lymphosonography, to be used as preoperative identification of SLNs in patients with breast and other cancers.