jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kocuria rosea Bacteremia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patient: A Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kocuria sp. may cause bacteremia, peritonitis, brain abscesses, meningitis, endocarditis, and acute cholecystitis in immunocompromised individuals. Recent reports identified Kocuria rosea in bacteremia associated with in dwelling intravenous lines, continuous dialysis fluids etc. We report on the case of bacteremia caused by K.rosea, a gram-positive microorganism in a 65-year-old female with a known case of end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. After Piperacillin and Tazobactam antibiotic treatment, the patient got cured of fever and infection. This report presents a rare case of K.rosea bacteremia successfully treated with common antibiotics. Proper identification systems should be there to know the cause of bacteremia. The bacteremia cases with rare organisms should not be ignored.
Exchange Patterns in the Woodland-Period Chesapeake: An XRF Study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This materials characterization study of ceramics from an archaeological site in coastal Virginia is designed to produce information concerning Tidewater Algonquian exchange patterns during the Woodland Period (1000 BCE -- 1600 CE). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), which uses X-ray technology to determine the chemical make-up of a sample, allows the comparison of the elemental composition of ceramics from the Kiskiak site to the composition of ceramics from other sites and of clay sources throughout Virginia. Changes in the proportion of local to non-local ceramics over time provide evidence critical for evaluating which of two competing models most aptly describes exchange systems during the transition to agriculture and sedentism in the Chesapeake. This analysis links methods drawn from physics, chemistry, and geology to questions concerning Native social histories and is an example of archaeometric approaches rarely employed in the Chesapeake.
Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on the Multistage Nested Wiener Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation technique based on data level and order recursive Multistage Nested Wiener Filters (MSNWF) which is used in adaptive beamforming for subarray signal is proposed in this paper. The two subarrays using the same array geometry are used to form a signal whose phase relative to the reference signal is a function of the DOA. The DOA is estimated by calculating the phase-shift between the reference signal and its phase-shifted version. The performance of this DOA estimation technique is significantly improved due to the application of order recursive MSNWF for the rejection of interference signals. The computation of the proposed method is simple, and the number of detectable signal sources could exceed the number of antenna elements.
A Semantic and Pragmatic Account of the -te-ar Construction in Japanese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines the conditions governing the distribution of the nominative-marked argument and the verb in the resultative -te-ar construction (e.g. E ga kake-te-ar-u ‘A picture has been hung (there)’). Much attention has been paid to agency and its associated character to elucidate the nature of this construction (e.g. Matsumoto 1990). The current analysis argues for a need to consider both semantic and pragmatic conditions. On the basis of Van Valin and LaPolla (1997), this study offers a lexical decompositional analysis of the verbs that can enter into the -te-ar construction. It argues that the construction requires the verb to possess an activity and a change-of-state component in its logical structure (LS), corroborating and expanding on Hasegawa (1996). The notion of coercion is drawn upon to explain why a verb that lacks the change-of-state component in its LS can be combined with -te-ar in some contexts. Further, the notion of objectivity (Kuno 1972) is drawn upon to account for infelicities arising when the sentence functions as presentational.
“Why Use an Ox-Cleaver to Carve a Chicken?” The Sociology of the Junzi Ideal in the Lunyu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Central to Confucian teachings in the Analects is the ideal of self-cultivation—in particular that of the junzi 君子 (“gentleman” “nobleman”) ideal. At the same time that Confucius recommends that individuals follow such an ideal, he also places limits on who actually might attain it. By examining statements involving such terms as the junzi, the “petty man” ( xiao ren 小人), and the “masses” ( min 民, or zhong 眾), or common people, this essay highlights the sociopolitical and gender restrictions informing one of the most basic, yet lofty, ethical goals of the text. A new means is also offered of discussing these socially delimited discrepancies in moral cultivation by referring to leading, or self-determining agency in association with junzi on the one hand, and to conformist agency for women and common people on the other.
Germanic it-clefts: Structural variation and semantic uniformity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The subject matter of this dissertation is the it-cleft construction, exemplified in (1)1. It was Mary who drank all the vodka.It-clefts have attracted the long-standing interest of researchers in a number of linguistic subfields for the reason that this is a construction within which converge a variety of phenomena touching on issues central to linguistic theory. This work addresses several of these issues, including the construction of copular sentences, the properties of the left periphery and their relevance to the grammar of wh -movement, the interaction of syntax, semantics, and information structure, and the linguistic sources of connectivity and reconstruction effects. The core predicational structure of the it-cleft is identified as a small clause containing an atypical predicate - a CP λ-abstract - and this has repercussions in several domains. Among these is the availability of two derivational options: the clefted constituent may be first merged either within or above the subordinate clause. Each derivation places a set of demands on the syntactic system and therefore, although both of these derivations are attested in the Germanic languages, some languages are restricted to one or the other option due to language-specific syntactic constraints. This cross-linguistic variation in the structure of it-clefts provides a means of isolating morphosyntactic connectivity from interpretive reconstruction effects. A comparison of German it-clefts with the structurally distinct it-clefts of Norwegian reveals that, contrary to expectation, variation in structure is not reflected in variation for the availability of reconstruction effects. On the basis of these data, the analysis argues that it-clefts having distinct syntactic structures are semantically identical at the point of interpretation. Differences in structure, however, will require that each language make use of distinct syntactic and semantic operations in reaching this ultimate semantic uniformity.
Science stories: flies, planes, worms, and lasers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Tell a story,” my mother instructs her graduate students as they prepare their talks. I will make use of her advice here, and will tell several short stories. The themes revolve around the practice of science—what motivates us to go into science and how we choose questions once we get there. I also touch on progress in scientific tools, teaching, good mentors, and good colleagues, all of which contribute to making a career in science constantly compelling.
Engineering Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials offer a transformative platform for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their unique physicochemical properties and exceptional photothermal conversion efficiencies. This Minireview summarizes the photothermal mechanisms of common 2D nanomaterials and details their synthesis, surface modification, and optimization strategies. Recent advances leveraging 2D nanomaterials for enhanced PTT are highlighted, with particular emphasis on synergistic therapeutic modalities. Despite the significant potential of 2D nanomaterials in PTT, challenges persist, including scalable and reproducible manufacturing, precise targeted delivery, understanding of the underlying biological interactions, and comprehensive assessment of long‐term biocompatibility and toxicity. Looking forward, emerging technologies such as machine learning are expected to play a crucial role in accelerating the design and optimization of 2D nanomaterials for PTT, enabling the prediction of optimal structures, properties, and therapeutic efficacy, and ultimately paving the way for personalized nanomedicine.
Population-based study of the impact of small bowel obstruction due to adhesions on short- and medium-term mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Small bowel obstruction due to adhesions (aSBO) is a common indication for admission to a surgical unit. Despite the prevalence of this condition, the short- and medium-term survival of this patient population has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to measure the short- and medium-term survival of patients admitted to hospital with aSBO. Methods Linked administrative data were used to identify patients admitted to hospital in Ontario, Canada, for aSBO between 2005 and 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: those aged less than 65 years (younger group) and those aged 65 years and older (older group). Thirty-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates were estimated. One-year mortality was compared with that in the general population, adjusting for age and sex. The timing of deaths in relation to admission was assessed, as well as the proportion of patients discharged before experiencing short-term mortality. Results There were 22 197 patients admitted to hospital for aSBO for the first time in the study interval. Mean age was 64·5 years and 52·2 per cent of the patients were women. Overall, the 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates for the cohort were 5·7 (95 per cent c.i. 5·4 to 6·0), 8·7 (8·3 to 9·0) and 13·9 (13·4 to 14·3) per cent respectively. For both groups, the 1-year risk of death was significantly greater than that of the age-matched general population. The majority of deaths (62·5 per cent) occurred within 90 days of admission, with 36·4 per cent occurring after discharge from the aSBO admission. Conclusion Patients admitted with aSBO have a high short-term mortality rate. Increased monitoring of patients in the early period after admission is advisable.
Studies on the Measurement of Pushing Out Strength and Opening of the Press Through Package.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patients with cerebrovascular disease or rheumatoid arthritis and elderly persons are sometimes unable to easily push out tables from PTPs (Press Through Packages). As a result, a few special factors which may affect the pushing out strength of PTP and an ability of pushing out tables from the PTP were investigated. The pushing out strength of 10 products which might have a different pushing out strength of PTP was measured by the SHIMADZU AUTOGRAPH. In spite of an increase in the push out speed, the pushing out strength measured did not consequently change. The pushing out strength decreased when the diameter of the push-out equipment decreased in contrast to the ceiling diameter of the pocket. This result suggests that the pressure inside the diameter of the pocket of the PTP makes the opening of the PTP easy.The pushing out strength decreased when the thickness of the tablet was increased, and when the thickness of the PVC in the center of pocket decreased. The pushing out strength measurement and the opening test score of the PTP by the cerebrovascular disease patients yielded a negative correlation. It is therefore important to develop new PTPs in which it is easier for patients to push out the tablets using this measurement method of pushing out strength.
Proven Practices for Authentic Instruction and Online Delivery in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper highlights key lessons presented in Authentic Instruction and Online Delivery: Proven Practices in Higher Education, an edited book compiled and produced by faculty members at City University of Seattle (CityU). Emphasizing the value of experience, the book focuses on strategies for real-world, authentic learning; online and hybrid course design and delivery; and topics related to assessment and program revision. With contributions from more than 30 faculty members from varied disciplines, this book includes specific practices proven to help adult students achieve their learning and professional goals.
Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one by gas manometric technique

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Isothermal decomposition kinetics play an important role in the stability assessment, risk assessment, and reaction mechanism inference of energetic materials. Herein, the thermal decomposition of nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one (NTO) was investigated using a self‐development isothermal decomposition gas manometric device at both high and low temperature ranges. The kinetic parameters were calculated by model‐free method and model‐fitting method. The results show that the activation energies determined by these two methods are in good agreement. At 473–493 K, the entire decomposition process of NTO showed two distinct stages. The activation energy ( E a ) and pre‐exponential factor (ln A ) in the first stage are 260.1 ± 11.5 kJ mol −1 and 52.5 ± 2.9 s −1 , respectively, while they are 166.0 ± 24.5 kJ mol −1 and 28.4 ± 6.1 s −1 in the second stage. At 383–423 K, the initial decomposition process of NTO was investigated. During this process, E a is 99.8 ± 3.2 kJ mol −1 and ln A is 11.5 ± 1.0 s −1 . According to the kinetic results, a mechanism was speculated to be the transition of a rate‐limiting step from nucleation and nuclei growth to the gas diffusion. Moreover, the E a –ln A sets were found to lie on the kinetic compensation regression line, which indicates that the kinetic data in this work are reliable. All the results will further support and complement the kinetic database of NTO.
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

悪性腫瘍患者には静脈血栓塞栓症（以下VTE）を合併しやすく，とくに消化器癌での合併率は高い。さらに消化器癌では遠隔転移があっても姑息手術が必要になることが多い。当院で経験した消化器癌患者における静脈血栓塞栓症の現況を報告する。2009年1月から2018年12月に当院で消化器癌にVTEを合併した患者は20例であった。癌種は胃癌9例，大腸癌6例，胆道癌3例，膵癌2例であった。20例中15例で遠隔転移を伴っていた。VTEが直接死亡原因となったものは無かったが，生存期間中央値は9か月であった。すでに遠隔転移を伴う進行癌が多かったにもかかわらず20例中16例で消化器外科手術を要していた。悪性腫瘍に伴うVTEは消化器外科医も診断と治療に習熟しておく必要がある。
Major histocompatibility complex gene product expression on pancreatic beta cells in acutely diabetic BB rats.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Type I diabetes mellitus was induced in young, diabetes-prone BB rats by the passive transfer of concanavalin A-activated T lymphocytes from the spleens of acutely diabetic BB rats. The pancreas of the recipients was examined 1-2 days after the onset of glycosuria by immunocytochemistry by means of monoclonal antibodies for determining whether 1) Class I and/or II major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) products were expressed on beta cells and 2) the mononuclear cell infiltrates were represented by T cells. Marked expression of Class I MHC gene products was evident on beta cells. In contrast, Class II MHC gene products were not identified on normal-appearing beta cells. Dendritic cells dispersed throughout the acinar and interstitial pancreas were markedly increased in number. The mononuclear cell infiltrate contained few cells (1-15%) recognized by a pan-T cell marker. Although it is possible that this passive transfer model might differ considerably from the spontaneously occurring diabetic state in the rat, this study suggests that 1) Class I, rather than Class II, MHC gene expression may be pivotal to beta-cell injury in diabetic rats, and 2) non-T cells may constitute an effector cell population central to beta-cell necrosis in Type I diabetes mellitus.
Semiempirisches Punktladungsmodell zur Berechnung von Valenzkraftkonstanten / A Semiempirical Formula to Estimate Valence Force Constants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A semiempirical formula to estimate valence force constants is derived. Using CNDO data, it is possible to get much better results than from empirical rules. The application of a simple point charge model allows a discussion of chemical binding.
Convictions through Kith and Kin: Legal, Policy and Ethical Issues in DNA Familial Matching and Genetic Metadata

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

DNA databases are now vast libraries of genetic metadata. It is possible to match the genetic relationships of a person and their family simply through their blood ties. Such DNA searches are called ‘familial matching’. Investigators can take unknown DNA and then search through their existing DNA databases to see if the person may be related to any offenders on their DNA database. While there is legitimate interest in solving crime, it is not hard to foresee a future where thousands of familial matching searches are conducted each day. Despite the existence of this capability, it has barely been debated in Australia. This article tries to balance the legitimate societal need to solve crime against the whole host of legal, ethical, political, economic and racial concerns that familial matching raises.
Investigations on pyrazine derivatives III: The preparation of 2,3‐dihydroxypyrazine 5,6‐dicarboxylic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract By following the oxidation of a quinoxaline derivative spectrophotometrically, it has been possible for the first time to work out a simple preparative method for a hydroxylated pyrazine 2,3‐dicarboxylic acid.
(DP 2002-03) Welfare and Nationalism in the 1935 Philippine Constitution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The framers of the 1935 constitution of the Philippines were conscious that they are introducing novelties in the form of nationality requirements and a strong executive. Previous discussions of nationality requirements in the constitution have taken these as self-evident expressions of nationalism. Explanations of the strong executive branch tend to trace it to a desire to emulate the colonial government, or simple pressure from an ambitious Quezon. Evidence from the deliberations shows however that in both cases the historical context and the ideologies of the strong state ascendant at that time, represented by socialism and fascism, played a role in the deliberations and ultimate outcomes.
Activation of aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiotensin infusion evokes marked increases in aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism and little change in secondary aldosteronism. The low plasma renin activity of primary aldosteronism and the elevated plasma renin activity of secondary aldosteronism are thought to account for this differential response. The effect of angiotensin on aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion was studied during adrenal vein catheterization in seven patients with primary aldosteronism (whose plasma renin activity had been elevated following spironolactone therapy), one hypertensive patient with normal plasma renin activity and normal aldosterone secretion, two patients with secondary aldosteronism who had elevated plasma renin activity, and one anephric patient whose plasma renin activity was 0. Adrenal venous aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were measured before and after a ten min sub-pressor angiotensin infusion. The cells of the aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) respond to small increases in plasma angiotensin with large increases in secretion of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone. The dose of angiotensin capable of evoking this response from the aldosterone-producing adenoma produces little or no change in the secretion of the steroids from nontumorous glands. The augmentation of aldosterone secretion, induced by angiotensin, in primary aldosteronism is due solely to increased secretion by the adenoma and not by the contralateral zona glomerulosa. The increased sensitivity of the aldosterone-producing adenoma is characteristic of the tumor. This response is independent of fluctuations in endogenous plasma renin activity. This sensitivity is not blunted by high plasma renin activity, nor is it a function of tumor mass for the effect is observed in aldosterone-producing adenomas regardless of size. ACTH injection after angiotensin infusion resulted in a marked increase in aldosterone concentration in the effluent from the nontumorous adrenal, but was not capable of producing further increases in aldosterone concentration in the effluent from the APA. In view of this exquisite sensitivity to infused angiotensin, it may be that the small variations in endogenous plasma renin activity that have been observed in primary aldosteronism may be capable of evoking large changes in aldosterone secretion in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.
Molecular charecterization of Avian Adeno virus causing Inclusion Body Hepatitis-Hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens of Anand, Gujarat, India

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Avian Adenovirus was isolated from naturally infected broiler chickens.Two Liversample were collected in glycerol saline from the birds came from Aman and Jankipoutry farm for the postmortem in the Dept. of pathology,Veterinary college,Anand(Gujarat).Extraction of viral DNA from infected liver tissues was done as per the method of Meuleman et al., (2001) with minor modifications.The amplified PCR analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis indicated DNA fragments of approximately 890 bp as expected by primer HexonA F & HexonB R. PCR assay revealed presence of IBH-HPS virus in both samples.Obtained PCR product of both sample were subjected to DNA sequencing and obtained sequencing was compared with other matched sequince.On phylogenetic analysis using Clustal W program showed 3 major group like upper, middle and lower respectively.In the minor branch of upper group the AMAN and JANKI isolates were found to group with Fowl adenovirus 12 strain 380 and Fowl adenovirus 11 strain C2B, so AMAN and JANKI isolates indicating a new fowl adenovirus genotype.
“We Have Met the Enemy. . .” Collection Security in Libraries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 1979 and 1986, American libraries reported thefts and missing materials, including: rare books valued at $500,000 from Harvard’s zoological library; 400 books worth $6,000 from the University of New Hampshire; $20,000 in rare science books from the DeGolyer collection at the University of Oklahoma; $1.1 million in plates, engravings, maps, books and manuscripts from the University of Georgia Library in two separate cases ; $130,000 in rare books and manuscripts from George Washington University; more than $100,000 in incunabula from Boston College; $200,000 in rare documents from the Thomas A. Edison National Historical Site; $25,000 in books from the general . . .