jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on some sources of variation in carrot root weight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Five investigations were carried out to determine the magnitude of root-size variation within crops of cv. Chantenay Supreme grown under competitive and non-competitive conditions, and to study possible sources of inter-plant variation. In the first experiment root-size variation from crops grown at a high population density (245 plants/m 2 ) and at a low density (25 plants/m 2 ) were compared over a 21-week period from sowing. The c.v.s of root weight were always higher from the high density than from the low density over the harvesting period from 11 to 21 weeks after sowing, and ranged from 74 to 94% and from 50 to 63%, respectively. A second study showed that even with a very low population density (3 plants/m 2 ) the c.v. of root weight at harvest was 58%. The third study showed that 40% of the root weight variation was accounted for by the time of seedling emergence. The results of a pot experiment indicated that when the size of seed, sowing depth, rooting medium and time of seedling emergence were made as uniform as possible, a very uniform population of roots was produced with a c.v. of root weight of 32%. In the final field experiment when time of seedling emergence, seed size and spatial distribution of the plants were the experimental variables, the results confirmed the importance of variability in time of seedling emergence and seedling size in creating variation at an early stage of growth. The results of these studies indicate that competition per se was not a prime source of variation in root size but magnified any initial variation within the crop at the time of seedling establishment. The importance of this early establishment phase in determining the spread of root-size distribution within a crop is discussed together with the factors which influence the time of seedling emergence and seedling size.
[Weitbrecht's retinacula of the hip joint].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the basis of his own cadaver studies and data presented in the literature (mainly those presented by Anseroff) the author describes synovial folds of the hip joint also called retinacula of Weitbrecht and deals with the significance of these folds for the blood supply of the proximal end of the femur. In total there are three retinacula of Weitbrecht in the hip joint. Retinaculum anterius passes along the anterior surface of the neck originating from linea intertrochanterica toward the femoral head. It has the shape of a flat fold which is quite often divided into more stripes. Sometimes it is missing. Retinaculum mediale sometimes called Amantini's fold passes from the lesser trochanter to fovea capitis femoris along the medial surface of the neck. In children it has the shape of a single strip, in adults it most often has the shape of an upside-down "T". Its occurrence is constant. This applies also to retinaculum lateral passing along the superior surface of the neck from the greater trochanter toward the head. This retinaculum has always the shape of a flat plate. Corresponding to the number and course of retinacula is also the classification of the so called neck arteries into three groups as presented by Tucker and Ogden. In the lateral retinaculum there pass also so called posterosuperior retinacular vessels, in the medial one the so called posteroinferior retinacular vessels. Both groups of vessels originating from a profundus a. circumflexae femoris medialis supply the femoral head. In the anterior retinaculum there pass vessels of the same name originating from r. transversus a. circumflexae femoris lateralis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tobacco Smoke Exposure and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemias by Cytogenetic Subtype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens known to damage somatic and germ cells. We investigated the effect of tobacco smoke on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML), especially subtypes of prenatal origin such as ALL with translocation t(12;21) or high-hyperdiploidy (51–67 chromosomes). Methods: We collected information on exposures to tobacco smoking before conception, during pregnancy, and after birth in 767 ALL cases, 135 AML cases, and 1,139 controls (1996–2008). Among cases, chromosome translocations, deletions, or aneuploidy were identified by conventional karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: Multivariable regression analyses for ALL and AML overall showed no definite evidence of associations with self-reported (yes/no) parental prenatal active smoking and child's passive smoking. However, children with history of paternal prenatal smoking combined with postnatal passive smoking had a 1.5-fold increased risk of ALL [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–2.23], compared to those without smoking history (ORs for pre- or postnatal smoking only were close to one). This joint effect was seen for B-cell precursor ALL with t(12;21) (OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.04–4.16), but not high hyperdiploid B-cell ALL. Similarly, child's passive smoking was associated with an elevated risk of AML with chromosome structural changes (OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.01–7.58), but not aneuploidy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that exposure to tobacco smoking was associated with increased risks of childhood ALL and AML; and risks varied by timing of exposure (before and/or after birth) and cytogenetic subtype, based on imprecise estimates. Impact: Parents should limit exposures to tobacco smoke before and after the child's birth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1600–11. ©2013 AACR.
Alienation and struggle: everyday student-life of three male students with Asperger Syndrome

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyses how three students with Asperger Syndrome (AS) involved in higher education, in Sweden, perceive their everyday life as a student. The aim of the study was to describe the kind of support offered within a freedom of choice system to determine whether the support given by the university acts as a facilitator or as a barrier. The approach is a case study methodology. Nine interviews, three for each student, are analysed as narratives, based on units of meaning and categories. Two main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) The feeling of Alienation is characterized by the students’ perceptions of being outsiders and having to deal with everyday student-life issues instead of engaging in their studies; (2) Struggle – the paradox of handling the feelings of belonging to a community and gaining confidence in being ‘odd’, but acknowledged. Conclusion: freedom of choice demanding logical reasoning can become a burden for students with AS and support given by the universities is sometimes perceived more as a barrier than as a facilitator.
Smile When You’re Winning: How to Become a Cambridge Pragmatist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter traces the development of a particular current of thought known by the label ‘pragmatism’ during the last part of the twentieth century and at the beginning of the twenty-first, and latterly associated with the work of Simon Blackburn and Huw Price. Three questions are addressed. First, how did this current of thought actually develop? Second, does this current of thought constitute a single, coherent, theoretical outlook? Third, does this current of thought constitute an attractive philosophical outlook? In answering these questions, attention is drawn to a tension between the two main proponents of this current of thought, namely the different attitudes they take to the naturalist ‘master narrative’ on which it depends.
Association of the MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism with acute coronary syndrome Guoping

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the impossible association of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene A-2518G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the promoter region with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Chinese Han population of Sunan region. Methods This study was conducted with a case-control design in 484 ACS patients including 290 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 194 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) (ACS group) and 346 control subjects who were free of coronary artery disease demonstrated by coronary angiography (control group). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for detecting the A-2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene. Results There were AA, AG and GG genotypes of MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism in the ACS group and control group. The two groups could be considered as a genetic equilibrium representative by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (p>0.05). Compared with those in control group, the frequencies of AA (15.32% vs 16.12%), AG (53.47% vs 51.86%), GG (31.21% vs 32.02%) genotypes, and G (57.95% vs 57.95%) allele were not significantly different in ACS group (P was 0.083, 0.673, 0.821 and 1.00, respectively). Multivariate including gender, age, history of smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and plasma lipids level logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism and ACS (p values all>0.05). Subgroups analysis showed: (1)compared with those in control group, the frequencies of AA, AG, GG genotypes, and G allele were not significantly different in male and female group (p values all>0.05); (2) compared with those in the control group matched with age, frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotype, and G allele were not significantly different in prematrue ACS (male<65 and female<55 years old) either (p values all>0.05); (3)compared with those in normal coronary group respectively, the frequencies of AA, AG, GG genotypes, and G allele were not significantly different in AMI and UAP group (p values all>0.05). Conclusion Our data shows that MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism is not associated with the risk of ACS in the Chinese Han population of Sunan region.
Comparison of the 1- and 5-year effectiveness of adalimumab, etanercept and ustekinumab in patients with psoriasis in daily clinical practice: results from the prospective BioCAPTURE registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compared with etanercept, ustekinumab had the highest effectiveness during 5 years of treatment. Patients receiving adalimumab and ustekinumab more often reached PASI 75 than those on etanercept at 1 year of treatment. Dose escalation was more frequent in etanercept and adalimumab than in ustekinumab.
DFG-based microwave /millimeter-wave signal generation device by using LiTaO3 rectangular waveguide

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a microwave/millimeter-wave signal generation device using difference frequency generation in a rectangular waveguide embedded with a nonlinear LiTaO3 crystal. The rectangular waveguide is designed as a single-guided mode structure for the generated microwave/millimeter-wave signal. Dispersion of the rectangular waveguide is also utilized to obtain a phase matching condition between the input lightwaves and the generated microwave/millimeter-wave. In the experiment, a 25GHz signal was successfully generated. Microwave characteristics of the proposed device were also investigated by using a 3-D electromagnetic wave analysis software. We expect the proposed device is applicable for higher-frequency microwave/millimeter-wave signal generation.
Sequential Binding of Cobalt(II) to Metallo-β-lactamase CcrA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In an effort to probe Co(II) binding to metallo-beta-lactamase CcrA, EPR, EXAFS, and (1)H NMR studies were conducted on CcrA containing 1 equiv (1-Co(II)-CcrA) and 2 equiv (Co(II)Co(II)-CcrA) of Co(II). The EPR spectra of 1-Co(II)-CcrA and Co(II)Co(II)-CcrA are distinct and indicate 5/6-coordinate Co(II) ions. The EPR spectra also reveal the absence of significant spin-exchange coupling between the Co(II) ions in Co(II)Co(II)-CcrA. EXAFS spectra of 1-Co(II)-CcrA suggest 5/6-coordinate Co(II) with two or more histidine ligands. EXAFS spectra of Co(II)Co(II)-CcrA also indicate 5/6 ligands at a similar average distance to 1-Co(II)-CcrA, including an average of about two histidines per Co(II). (1)H NMR spectra for 1-Co(II)-CcrA revealed seven paramagnetically shifted resonances, three of which were solvent-exchangeable, while the NMR spectra for Co(II)Co(II)-CcrA showed at least 16 shifted resonances, including an additional solvent-exchangeable resonance and a resonance at 208 ppm. The data indicate sequential binding of Co(II) to CcrA and that the first Co(II) binds to the consensus Zn(1) site in the enzyme.
Deep Learning for Spectrum Sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In cognitive radio systems, the ability to accurately detect primary user's signal is essential to secondary user in order to utilize idle licensed spectrum. Conventional energy detector is a good choice for blind signal detection, while it suffers from the well-known SNR-wall due to noise uncertainty. In this letter, we firstly propose a deep learning based signal detector which exploits the underlying structural information of the modulated signals, and is shown to achieve the state of the art detection performance, requiring no prior knowledge about channel state information or background noise. In addition, the impacts of modulation scheme and sample length on performance are investigated. Finally, a deep learning based cooperative detection system is proposed, which is shown to provide substantial performance gain over conventional cooperative sensing methods.
An experimental study on the punching shear behaviour of RC slabs strengthened by GFRP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to investigate the punching shear strength and failure behaviour of concrete slabs strengthened with glass-fiber-reinforced-plastics (GFRP). The variables of eighteen specimens included concrete compressive strength, ratio of the reinforcing steel, and amount of GFRP. Test results indicate that the presence of GFRP substantially increases the punching shear capacity of slab-column connections.
Temperature Stress and Consequences of its Influence on Functional Activity of Mitochondria in Maize Etiolated Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Treatments of 30-min influences of high (32, 37, 42, 47, 52 °С) and low (0, 17, 22 °С) temperatures on viability of shoots, common activity of peroxidase, content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intactness and oxidative activity of mitochondria from etiolated maize seedlings have been studied. It has been shown that 17, 32, 37 и 42 °С temperatures cause intensification of peroxidase activity, and 52 °С depresses this enzyme activity and then led to total death of shoots. ROS content in mitochondria increased during the treatment of seedlings with 0, 17, 22, 37 и 42 °С temperatures. All temperature exposures led to decrease of succinate oxidation rates in mitochondria, at that 47 и 52 °С temperatures inhibited mitochondria respiration to an even greater degree. However, if after the action of the temperature 47 °C the phosphorylating activity was maintained in the mitochondria, after 52 °C it was absent and mitochondria had reduced intactness of outer mitochondria membrane. Low temperatures led to uncouple of oxidative phosphorylation and activating of cyanide-resistant respiration. Role of mitochondria in plant response on the temperature stress has been discussed.
Inexpensive Preparation With all the NCA-5.15 Dumps Pdf [2022]

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

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People can infer the magnitude of other people's knowledge, even when they cannot infer its contents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Inferences about other people's knowledge and beliefs are central to social interaction. However, it is often not possible to tell what exactly other people know, because their behavior is consistent with a range of potential epistemic states. Nonetheless, in many of these situations we often have coarse intuitions about how much someone knows, despite being unable to pinpoint the exact content of their knowledge. Here we sought to explore this capacity in humans, by comparing their performance to a normative model capturing this kind of broad epistemic-state inference, centered on the expectation that agents maximize epistemic utilities. We evaluate our model in a graded inference task where people had to infer how much an agent knew based on the actions they chose (Experiment 1), and joint inferences about how much someone knew and how much they believed they could learn (Experiment 2). Critically, the agent's knowledge was always under-determined by their behavior, but the behavior nonetheless contained information about how much knowledge they possessed or believed they could gain. Our model captures nuanced patterns in participant judgments, revealing that people have a quantitative capacity to infer amorphous knowledge from minimal behavioral evidence.
After-school arts programs: Effective programs for at-risk adolescent Hispanic women to enhance academic achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of after-school arts programs and their potential to build a better sense of self and foster creative expression for at-risk adolescent Hispanic women. This study examined the positive characteristics associated with participation in after-school arts programs that may contribute to enhancing the academic performance of Hispanic women. An after-school arts program in Santa Ana, California was selected for a case study in order to reveal the effectiveness of after-school arts programs. This Master’s project was completed in partial fulfillment for a Master of Arts degree in Arts Management from the University of Oregon.
A Physic-Based Scaling Curve of Gas Production Under Compaction: A Leading Way to Better Machine-Learning Prediction

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a simple analytical solution to diagnose gas production under compaction. This solution scales production profile of different wells and collapses them into a single general curve. The curve will later serve as the "learning" function for physic-based machine-learning prediction. A rapid growing flood of big data in the oil and gas industry reveals a substantial opportunity to the better understanding of hydrocarbon reservoir. With machine learning, one can turn a numerous amount of data to predict future production and determine field economics. However, the quality of the prediction from machine learning is dependent on the learning function selected that most of the time does not concatenate any physical aspects of the problem. In this paper, we offer a better machine learning with a physics-based function to estimate future gas production under severe compaction. We construct a physic-based master curve by solving the coupled Darcy-Biot equation for vertical gas well under reservoir compaction. We assume that the flow is radial and the porosity is transiently changing by the reduction in pore pressure due to gas production. Finally, we reduce the complexity of the coupled non-linear equation to two scaling optimization parameters: a mass scaling factor to scale the recovery factor and time scaling factor to scale the diffusion time. We verify our model with a field case from KLX field, Indonesia. This gas field produces an enormous amount of gas with subsidence as the side effect. The subsidence was identified by knowing the change in platforms level. By collapsing the production profile of all existing wells into a single master curve, we capture the universal scaling parameters that represent the behavior of gas flow under reservoir compaction. Furthermore, we can substitute the resulted master curve as the learning function for to the machine-learning model to predict and diagnose other fields in the future that undergo the same phenomena. We find that reservoir compaction leads to a higher recovery factor of gas for a long term. However, the high subsidence rate is not a favorable condition for the offshore field as the production facilities on the platform will submerge under sea level in a matter of years. Thus, the field owners must consider some subsidence mitigations such as injection and maintaining critical production rate. Our novelty is to produce a general scaling to describe gas production under compaction, which is later useful for the development of our machine-learning process to simplify the prediction process, not involving extensive and expensive numerical simulation.