jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bromocriptine and PRL on Luteal and Adrenal Cholesterol Ester Hydrolase and Serum Progesterone Concentrations in Mature Pseudopregnant Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Experiments were conducted to investigate regulation by prolactin (PRL) of luteal, and possibly of adrenal, cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) in mature, pseudopregnant rats, and to correlate changes in CEH activity and serum PRL, luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P) concentrations. 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (EC), EC plus ovine PRL (oPRL), or EC + P were administered to mature rats on pseudopregnancy Day 5 (PP5) and/or PP6. Injection of EC at 1100 and 2300 h PP5 drastically reduced serum PRL concentrations at 1800 h PP5 and 0600 h PP6, indicating that both the diurnal surge of PRL on PP5 and the nocturnal surge of PRL on PP6 had been successfully blocked. Luteal CEH and serum P measured at these time periods were not affected. However, by 1200 h PP6, both were significantly decreased. Injection of oPRL with EC significantly increased luteal CEH at 0600 h and 1200 h PP6, and significantly increased serum P by 1200 h PP6. However, injection of oPRL at 1600 h PP5 and 0300 h PP6 after EC at 1100 and 2300 h PP5, had no effect on luteal CEH at 0600 h, even though serum P at that time was significantly increased. Blocking only the nocturnal PP6 PRL surge by injection of EC at 2300 h PP5 caused significant reductions in both luteal CEH and serum P by 1200 h PP6, but these decreases were not as great as those observed after elimination of both PRL surges. Injection of oPRL at 0300 h PP6, 4 h after EC (2300 h PP5), significantly increased both luteal CEH and serum P by 1200 h PP6. Injection of 2 mg P with EC at either 1100 h and 2300 h PP5, or only at 2300 h PP5, had no effect on luteal CEH activity at 1200 h PP6. None of the treatments had any effect on adrenal CEH activity or on serum LH concentrations, except for one treatment (injection of EC plus oPRL at 1100 and 2300 h PP5 followed by sacrifice at 0600 h) which significantly decreased serum LH. These data indicate that in mature pseudopregnant rats, PRL stimulates luteal CEH activity and concomitantly increases serum P concentrations. A time interval of 6-9 h after exogenous or endogenous PRL is both necessary and optimal for stimulation of luteal CEH. Both PRL surges are necessary for complete luteal function, but the nocturnal surge appears to exert the greater influence on the parameters studied. The action of PRL on luteal CEH does not seem to be mediated by P at concentrations of P injected, and under conditions of these experiments PRL had no effect on adrenal CEH.
Non‐destructive detection of dicyandiamide in infant formula powder using multi‐spectral imaging coupled with chemometrics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Dicyandiamide ( DCD ) contamination of milk and milk products has become an urgent and broadly recognised topic as a result of several food safety scares. This study investigated the potential of using multi‐spectral imaging (405–970 nm) coupled with chemometrics for detection of DCD in infant formula powder. Partial least squares ( PLS ), least squares‐support vector machines ( LS‐SVM ), and back‐propagation neural network ( BPNN ) were applied to develop quantitative models. RESULTS Compared with PLS and LS‐SVM , BPNN considerably improved the prediction performance with coefficient of determination in prediction ( ) = 0.935 and 0.873, residual predictive deviation ( RPD ) = 3.777 and 3.060 for brand 1 and brand 2 of infant formula powders, respectively. Besides, multi‐spectral imaging was able to differentiate unadulterated infant formula powder from samples containing 0.01% DCD with no misclassification using BPNN model. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that multi‐spectral imaging combined with chemometrics enables rapid and non‐destructive detection of DCD in infant formula powder. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Abstract 180: Identifying signatures of vulnerability through machine learning in an umbrella trial for glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Glioblastoma is characterized by intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. An umbrella trial tests multiple investigational treatment arms depending on corresponding biomarker signatures. A contingency of an efficient umbrella trial is a suite of preferably orthogonal molecular biomarkers to classify patients into the likely-most-beneficial arm. Assigning thresholds of molecular signatures to classify a patient as a “most-likely responder” for one specific treatment arm is a crucial task. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) of specimens from a GBM clinical trial of methoxyamine associated differential enrichment in DNA repair pathways activities with patient response. However, the large number of DNA-repair related pathways confound confident “high” enrichment of responder, as well as obscuring to what degree each feature contributes to the likelihood of a patient's response. Here, we utilized semi-supervised machine learning, Entropy-Regularized Logistic Regression (ERLR) to predict vulnerability classification. By first training all available data using semi-supervised algorithms we transformed unclassified TCGA GBM samples with highest certainty of predicted response into a self-labeled dataset. In this case, we developed a predictive model which has a larger sample size and potential better performance. Our umbrella trial design currently includes three treatment arms for GBM patients: arsenic trioxide, methoxyamine, and pevonedistat. Each treatment arm manifests its own signature developed by the above (or similar) machine learning pipeline based on selected gene mutation status and whole transcriptome data. In order to increase the robustness and scalability (with future more treatment arms), we also developed a multi-label classification ensemble model that's capable of predicting a probability of “fitness” of each novel therapeutic agent for each patient. By expansion to three, independent treatment arms within a single umbrella trial, a “mock” stratification of TCGA GBM patients labeled 56% of all cases into at least one “high likelihood of response” arm. Predicted vulnerability using genomic data from preclinical PDX models placed 4 out of 6 models into a “high likelihood of response” regimen. Our utilization of multiple vulnerability signatures in an umbrella trial demonstrates how a precision medicine model can support an efficient clinical trial for heterogeneous diseases such as GBM. Citation Format: Matthew Eric Lee, Nanyun Tang, Manmeet Ahluwalia, Ekokobe Fonkem, Karen Fink, Harshil Dhurv, Harshil Dhurv, Michael E. Berens, Sen Peng. Identifying signatures of vulnerability through machine learning in an umbrella trial for glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 180.
What's in the Literature?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In this edition, we focus on neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathy. The newly published international consensus guidelines for the management of myasthenia gravis are reviewed. In addition, various emerging treatment options for myasthenia, including the use of methotrexate, rituximab, subcutaneous immunoglobulin, and thymectomy, are discussed. Recent studies examining the clinical and genetic features of several forms of congenital myasthenia gravis are also highlighted. The clinical features and treatment of late-onset Pompe disease are reviewed, as are studies in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and calpainopathy.
[Bioluminescent method for determination of concentration metabolic substrates and NAD+ in the lymphocytes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have developed a new bioluminescent method for determination of concentrations of pyruvate, lactate, malate, glutamate and NAD+ in the periferal blood lymphocytes from mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. There were blood samples of intact mice for control. We found that variations of these substrates, depend on stage of malignant growth.
Influenza hemagglutinin expression in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Influenza infects millions of people each year. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major
surface protein of the influenza virus and the best target as a vaccine candidate.
Transgenic plants have significant potential for proper expression of HA to serve as an influenza vaccine. An HA3 DNA construct for insertion into plants was developed using the binary vector, pE1802. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was transformed with the plasmid and both Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana were transformed. To screen for HA3 expression, mRNA was isolated from first generation plants. Second generation plants were successfully screened for protein production using immunoblots to verify HA3 protein expression. A tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector (pJL36) was also produced expressing
HA3. Recombinant constructs of the TMV vector were successfully screened using PCR.
This work indicates the potential use of HA3-expressing TMV vector for transformation
into A. tumefaciens, infection into N. benthamiana and the expression of gene products in these systems.
Development of strategic business network for local travel industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper applies the strategy framework presented in Raupp and Schober (2000) to scrutinise the current operational form and future development of a travel industry network in Northern Finland. First, we studied how well the suggested theory corresponds to the operational dimensions of an actual cooperative network. We then utilised the theory to determine what types of strategies would best suit the firms in achieving their common future goals. Results show that the suggested framework is a useful tool in analysing different dimensions of strategic operations of actual networks.
New Views of Sickle Cell Disease Pathophysiology and Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review addresses several areas of concern in the care of patients with sickle cell disease. In Sections I and II, the fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms of sickle cell disease and their clinical consequences are discussed. Dr. Narla presents the evidence for abnormal cell adhesiveness by SS cells and Dr. Rosse examines the role of the increased whole blood viscosity. In Section III, Dr. Petz reviews common and uncommon alloimmune consequences of transfusion in sickle cell disease and discusses the diagnosis and management of sickle cell patients with hyperhemolysis after transfusion. In Section IV, Dr. Steinberg gives an update on the use of hydroxyurea in the treatment of sickle cell disease, including the SC and S-beta thalassemia variants.
Splenic infarction may be the first sign of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Granulamatous polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis that makes up most of the antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The disease is more likely to affect the upper and lower respiratory tract, kidney and skin. The gastrointestinal tract involvement is more rare. In the general population, spleen infarction is a rare condition. Most spleen infarcts are asymptomatic, and most patients receive a diagnosis by chance during the evaluation. The most common causes of non-traumatic spleen infarction in the general population include cardiac causes such as atrial fibrillation, infections, thrombophilic conditions, and malignancies. In rheumatic diseases, various spleen involvement has been identified, such as splenomegaly, spleen rupture, spleen abscess, asplenia and spleen infarction. The development of spleen infarct in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well known. It is not well known whether GPA is a risk factor for spleen infarction. However, publications including cases of developing spleen infarction due to GPA are increasing. This review highlights the occurrence of spleen infarction in patients with GPA, by presenting two GPA cases with splenic infarction. It also emphasizes that spleen infarction can occur in GPA and may frequently be without symptoms.
Transforming the Instruction of Introductory Computing to Engineering Students

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer science as a discipline encompasses the study and creation of computational techniques for problem-solving. Unfortunately, much of the benefit of these techniques to engineering students is lost in translation, in part due to the disconnect between introductory computing courses and the disciplinary courses that introduce problems that could benefit from computational techniques. A considerable body of literature has documented the ineffectiveness of traditional programming courses in transferring usable knowledge to students, specifically where problem-solving skills and computational thinking are concerned. This paper describes a transformative change to the instruction of introductory computing to engineering students, in the context of a single non-major course. In the proposed architecture, a core lecture is supplemented with plug-in domain-specific modules and problems that are presented in domain-specific recitation/laboratory sections. The focus of the lecture component of the course is to introduce the core concepts and skills required for computational thinking, including algorithms and software engineering techniques. The recitation/laboratory component encourages and guides the application of these skills to introductory problems in engineering. The objective is to shift the emphasis from the minutia of the syntax of textual programming languages to computational thinking.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Induces Autophagy in Human Junctional Epithelium Keratinocytes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adverse environmental conditions found in the periodontium during periodontitis pathogenesis stimulate local autophagy responses, mainly due to a continuous inflammatory response against the dysbiotic subgingival microbiome. The junctional epithelium represents the main site of the initial interaction between the host and the dysbiotic biofilm. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in junctional epithelium keratinocytes (JEKs) in response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or its purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Immunofluorescence confocal analysis revealed an extensive nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and consequently, an increase in autophagy markers and LC3-turnover assessed by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Correspondingly, challenged JEKs showed a punctuate cytosolic profile of LC3 protein contrasting with the diffuse distribution observed in untreated controls. Three-dimensional reconstructions of confocal images displayed a close association between intracellular bacteria and LC3-positive vesicles. Similarly, a close association between autophagic vesicles and the protein p62 was observed in challenged JEKs, indicating that p62 is the main adapter protein recruited during A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of autophagy significantly increased the number of bacteria-infected cells as well as their death, similar to treatment with LPS. Our results indicate that A. actinomycetemcomitans infection induces autophagy in JEKs, and this homeostatic process has a cytoprotective effect on the host cells during the early stages of infection.
The experience of preparing a closing session

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This short article explains the development of a closing project developed with students of English as a foreign language. The project emerged with the idea of innovating in the classroom and trying to make links with their reality which could help developed a more meaningful process. Students involved study English for different reasons but most of them do it as a complementary activity for their job or study. They attend classes on the weekends so this project was enhanced also with the intention to break the old scheme of the foreign language as an additional but unconnected activity. The cooperative work and the motivation arisen from this task were some of the more valuable results.
Safflower Oil Emulsion Administration During Parenteral Nutrition in the Preterm Infant. 2. Effect on Triglyceride and Free Fatty Acid Levels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: During a study to evaluate the effect of a safflower oil emulsion on essential fatty acid status during parenteral nutrition, we also measured plasma triglycerides and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) in a group of preterm infants. Subjects received 0.34 g/kg (group 1) or 0.68 g/kg (group 2) of lipid daily for 5 days. Essential fatty acid status remained normal in both groups, but the changes in plasma triglycerides were greater (p < 0.025), and hypertriglyceridemia was somewhat more common (p = 0.06) in group 2 than in group 1. Plasma FFA did not differ in either treatment group. However, postinfusion FFA were greater (p < 0.05) and FFA uptake was less (p < 0.05) in infants at <32 than at 32–34 weeks gestation, but in no instance did postinfusion FFA exceed an FFA/albumin ratio of 6:1. In addition, triglycetide and FEST uptake did not improve during the study, but the changes in plasma triglycerides and FFA were greater (p < 0.05) at the end than at the beginning of the study.
Tracing old-age poverty: The significance of the household structure on gender differences in the poverty rate in eight EU countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In our study, we examine gender differences in the at-risk-of-poverty rate among the elderly in eight EU countries. The aim of our study is to find out how gender differences vary from one country to the next, and what causes the differences in each country. We have been especially interested in the weak correlation between a high female employment rate and small gender differences in the at-risk-of-poverty rate. The empirical part of our study is based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions). \nAccording to our study, elderly women’s high poverty risk is strongly related to difficulties regarding the income of single-person households and the higher ratio of female than male single-person households. In addition, gender differences in the at-risk-of-poverty rate are affected by gender differences in the household structure. What is of significance here is whether the household is shared with an older or a younger partner and, in particular, whether this partner is of working age. \nThe roles of employment history and pension scheme are most visible in single-person households, since these lack other income. A residence-based or a means-tested minimum pension seems to diminish gender differences considerably only if the pension benefit is high enough to ensure an adequate minimum income also for single-person households, despite employment differences.
Common mechanism for oncogenic activation of MLL by forkhead family proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene undergoes fusions with a diverse set of genes as a consequence of chromosomal translocations in acute leukemias. Two of these partner genes code for members of the forkhead subfamily of transcription factors designated FKHRL1 and AFX. We demonstrate here that MLL-FKHRL1 enhances the self-renewal of murine myeloid progenitors in vitro and induces acute myeloid leukemias in syngeneic mice. The long latency (mean = 157 days), reduced penetrance, and hematologic features of the leukemias were very similar to those observed for the forkhead fusion protein MLL-AFX and contrasted with the more aggressive features of leukemias induced by MLL-AF10. Transformation mediated by MLL-forkhead fusion proteins required 2 conserved transcriptional effector domains (CR2 and CR3), each of which alone was not sufficient to activate MLL. A synthetic fusion of MLL with FKHR, a third mammalian forkhead family member that contains both effector domains, was also capable of transforming hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. A comparable requirement for 2 distinct transcriptional effector domains was also displayed by VP16, which required its proximal minimal transactivation domain (MTD/H1) and distal H2 domain to activate the oncogenic potential of MLL. The functional importance of CR2 was further demonstrated by its ability to substitute for H2 of VP16 in domain-swapping experiments to confer oncogenic activity on MLL. Our results, based on bona fide transcription factors as partners for MLL, unequivocally establish a transcriptional effector mechanism to activate its oncogenic potential and further support a role for fusion partners in determining pathologic features of the leukemia phenotype.
Primary Teacher Beliefs and Practices in Working and Thinking Scientifically and Technologically

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tWhat are primary teachers' beliefs about thinking and working scientifically and technologically? How do the teachers' beliefs manifest in classroom practice? What differences do the teachers see between thinking and working scientifically and technologically? These questions were central themes of the case study research. Interviews and classroom observation were the techniques used to identify how three experienced primary teachers' beliefs about thinking and working technologically and scientifically were manifested in their classroom practice.\n\t\t\t\t
Spreading Width for the α Cluster Resonance Evaluated with an Optical Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We evaluate the spreading width for the $\alpha$ + $^{40}$Ca cluster resonance from the optical potential used in $\alpha$ elastic scattering, which is determined so as to reproduce the differential cross section precisely. The spreading width calculated here represents the decay of the $\alpha$ + $^{40}$Ca resonances into more complicated states. The conversion of the optical potential into the spreading width is achieved by the absorbing boundary condition (ABC) method. The spreading width is derived by comparing the ABC calculation with and without the imaginary potential. We also estimate the upper value of the decay width of the $\alpha$ + $^{40}$Ca resonance into the compound nuclear state. From the results of the widths, the branching ratios decaying into various states are calculated. The effect of the spreading width is also included in the calculation of the isoscalar monopole and dipole transitions from the ground state in $^{44}$Ti to the $\alpha$ + $^{40}$Ca continuum states. We have found that the dissociation strength shifts to the lower-energy region by the effect of the spreading width. The enhancement of the dissociation strength in the low-energy region is discussed in connection with nuclear transmutation.