jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Direct yield prediction from SEM images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In line Electrical measurement (E-Test) are the most effective predictors for EOL yield control. As technology progress with scaling, the number. of process layers increases, allowing in-line electrical measurements only after several months since lot started process in-line. As a result, each E-Test monitor controls longer and more challenging process loop. Most of the in-line pattern control that impact electrical performance measured separately for each pattern polygon and material properties. In addition, Edge Placement Error (EPE) methodology, allows combination of multiple dimensions like CD, Overlay and LER measurements to better predict yield impact. Technology shrinkage, resulting that transistor electrical performance, defined by more geomaterial parameters as well as material compositions and defectivity. In this paper we demonstrate a direct prediction from high resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images to the first inline electrical measurement (M1) using Deep Learning (DL) techniques. The DL model provide early prediction of electrical performance, describing accurately Within Wafer (WIW) variation weeks earlier than the actual electrical measurements. Multiple layers prediction may indicate suspected process loop that modulate majority of variation and save time to solution. It can be achieved since the DL model utilizes complementary information exist on the full e-Beam image like materials and defectivity. The following results will indicate that accumulating information collected from several layers will improve prediction sensitivity and lead to even more accurate prediction capabilities. We assume that the effectiveness of the proposed prediction method will increase with process complexity, since the modulation of the existing yield predictors is losing sensitivity as design rule shrinks. In addition, since fabrication phase gets longer, the time to actual electrical measurements increase, making an early, nondestructive, and accurate prediction for electrical performance more and more valuable.
Introduction of intra-tow release/storage mechanisms in reactive dual-scale flow numerical simulations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Classical dual-scale reactive simulations of the RTM process assume permanent intra-tow resin storage in the saturated domain. However, recent experimental investigations revealed that permanent storage is occurring only in a limited volume of the tows. In the remaining volume, fluid is released in the channels with a rate that depends on the architecture of the textile and on the fiber volume fraction. Based on experimental observations, a new model is proposed to refine the simulation of the high speed reactive RTM process: a simplified microstructural model is used to enable permanent and partial transient storage within the tows. Additionally, a new sink term is proposed to reproduce the kinetics of the convective tow-channel fluid exchanges in the saturated domain. After a state of the art on dual-scale and reactive flow, the experimental inputs of the study are presented. The new model is then introduced, validated and characterized using the experimental inputs. Additionally, the influence of the release mechanisms on a reactive dual-scale injection is estimated by conducting comparative single-scale, and dual-scale simulations with transient or permanent storage. The new model has been demonstrated to be appropriate to reproduce accurately the release mechanisms, and simulations reveal the interest of taking these release mechanisms into account to simulate reactive dual-scale injections with an increased accuracy.
130 W, 180 fs ultrafast Yb-doped fiber frequency comb based on chirped-pulse fiber amplification

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on a high-power fiber optical frequency comb consisting of a 250-MHz mode-locked fiber laser and a three-stage cascaded fiber chirped-pulse amplification system. After power scaling, the group velocity dispersion and third-order dispersion, generated in fiber stretcher and amplifiers, are compensated by a grism compressor, outputting a 132-W, 180-fs pulse train. The repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset frequency are locked to a Rb clock with the standard deviations of 1.07 and 0.87 mHz, corresponding to the fractional instability of 8.3×10 −13 and 1.35×10 −19 , respectively. Moreover, we investigate the noise characteristics at high average powers, presenting a low-noise property of this high-power fiber OFC.
STUDY ON LEACHING AND PURIFYING METHOD OF FLAVONES FROM MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The optimum technology of extracting flavones in Marchantia polymorpha L.was studied by orthogonal test.An orthogonal test table L_(16)(4~5) was used with the factors of extracting time,temperature,number of extraction times,ethanol concentration and ratio of solid-to-liquid.The content of flavones was determined by spectrophotometry.The optimum technology was:temperature 70 ℃,time 0.5 h,three times of extraction,80% EtOH as extracting solvent,stock ratio 1∶15.The extraction yield is 1.90%,and its purification about 95.83% with this method.
Multifocal multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We hereby report a case of a male child who presented with multiple brown to red papules and plaques in a seborrheic distribution. Histology and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multifocal and multisystem involvement (Letterer–Siwe type). The case is being reported for its rarity.
Hepcidin: regulation of the master iron regulator

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Iron, an essential nutrient, is required for many diverse biological processes. The absence of a defined pathway to excrete excess iron makes it essential for the body to regulate the amount of iron absorbed; a deficiency could lead to iron deficiency and an excess to iron overload and associated disorders such as anaemia and haemochromatosis respectively. This regulation is mediated by the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin binds to the only known iron export protein, ferroportin (FPN), inducing its internalization and degradation, thus limiting the amount of iron released into the blood. The major factors that are implicated in hepcidin regulation include iron stores, hypoxia, inflammation and erythropoiesis. The present review summarizes our present knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways contributing to hepcidin regulation by these factors.
Use of Microarray Technology to Improve DNA Vaccines in Fish Aquaculture - The Rhabdoviral Model

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fish rhabdoviral infections, specially those caused by novirhabdoviruses, can be tackled with commertial DNA vaccines such as the one against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Salonius et al., 2007). Nevertheless, rhabdoviral diseases continue to pose a considerable threat to aquaculture because a number of practical problems regarding vaccination remain unsolved (for instance, mass delivery methods for small fish and requirements for safer vectors). Furthermore, some fish rhabdoviroses appear to be spreading to wild-type species.
Role of Metazoan Mediator Proteins in Interferon-Responsive Transcription

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interferon (IFN)-induced signal transduction and transcription activation complex, ISGF3, is assembled from three proteins, STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9. Of these components, STAT2 provides a fundamental and essential transcriptional activation function for ISGF3. In the present study, we show that ISGF3-mediated transcription is dependent on STAT2 interactions with DRIP150, a subunit of the multimeric Mediator coactivator complex. Other Mediator subunits, DRIP77 and DRIP130, were found either to bind STAT2 without augmenting ISGF3 transcriptional activity or to enhance ISGF3 transcription without binding STAT2, but only DRIP150 both enhanced IFN-dependent transcription and coimmunoprecipitated with STAT2. Endogenous DRIP150 and STAT2 were able to interact in solution, and DNA affinity chromatography and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that DRIP150 binds to the mature, activated ISGF3-DNA complex and is recruited to target gene promoters in an IFN-dependent fashion. IFN-dependent recruitment of DRIP130 to an ISGF3 target promoter and SRB10-STAT2 coprecipitation suggest indirect association with a multisubunit Mediator complex. The site of STAT2 interaction was mapped to DRIP150 residues 188 to 566, which are necessary and sufficient for interaction with STAT2. Expression of this DRIP150 fragment, but not DRIP150 fragments outside the STAT2 interaction region, suppressed ISGF3-mediated transcriptional activity in a dominant-negative fashion, suggesting a direct functional role of this domain in mediating STAT2-DRIP150 interactions. These findings indicate that the IFN-activated ISGF3 transcription factor regulates transcription through contact with DRIP150 and implicate the Mediator coactivator complex in IFN-activated gene regulation.
Dimensions of the Human Being and of Divine Action

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Peter Rust Humans are three-dimensional, body-soul-spirit entities, but nevertheless unitary, indivisible persons. Animal behavior includes deterministic and random constituents. It may be modeled in terms of information systems, containing regulatory loops. Goal settings for these may be fixed, as in “lower” animals, or governed by internal adaptive supervisory systems freely selecting from alternative routines, as in conscious “higher” or “soulish” animals. A metasupervisor in humans provides self-consciousness, free will, conscience and spiritual behavior. As with space, each further dimension includes the previous one, but cannot emerge from it or be reduced to it. In the natural origin of each human, God providentially works through deterministic events, random ones such as mutations and neural modifications, as well as the option of selecting the outcome of some of these. This hidden feeding-in of formative information would represent the fundamental novelty implied by God “creating” the individual.
Comparative Evaluation of Vaginoscopic vs Traditional Hysteroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: A randomized case-control study was performed to compare the traditional using a speculum vs vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in terms of pain score and procedure time.Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients aged 20 to 60 years old, including nulliparous, multiparous, and postmenopausal, were randomized in two groups: group A undergoing traditional hysteroscopy with speculum and vulselum (50 patients) and group B undergoing "no-touch" vaginoscopic hysteroscopy.Results: Vaginoscopy was significantly more successful than the traditional hysteroscopy.The total pain was calculated for each group, it was significantly lower in the vaginoscopic technique (p = 0.026).The mean time was 5.71 for traditional hysteroscopy and 4.44 for vaginoscopic hysteroscopy.The time taken to perform hysteroscopy was significantly shorter with vaginoscopic hysteroscopy.There was no difference in failure rates. Conclusion:The vaginoscopic approach is better tolerated, quicker to perform, less painful, and therefore, more successful than the traditional hysteroscopy using the speculum.It should be preferred in an outpatient setting.
Aptamer-based technology for radionuclide targeted imaging and therapy: a promising weapon against cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The main limitation of radiolabeled aptamers is represented by their in vivo sensitivity to endogenous nuclease, so that several strategies have been developed to increase the stability of these compounds. Although the applications of aptamers are still in a preliminary and pre-clinical phase, it is reasonable to hypothesize that this technology will play a major role for personalized medicine in the next years.
Managing Liquidity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies how liquidity management affects asset markets and aggregate economic performance. We explore the connection between liquidity allocation and capital allocation. The policy that changes the liquidity premia on assets has broad implications for private-sector behavior and market efficiency. Liquidity tightening, that is, a reduction in the aggregate quantity of liquid debt, is associated with credit loosening, that is, an increase in funds raised through the issuance of private liquid debt. A positive liquidity premium on debt is required for capital-allocation efficiency, while a zero-liquidity premium is required for liquidity-allocation efficiency. The optimal policy balances these two considerations. Government purchase of private debt is needed to support low interest rates. The analysis is extended to incorporate the liquidity differential between public and private debt and partially liquid capital. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71973058]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4559 .
WhatCountsAsWeakTie

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data and scripts necessary to replicate the analyses reported in the paper: Mukerjee, Subhayan; Yang, Tian; Stadler, Georg; and González-Bailón, Sandra, What Counts as a Weak Tie? A Comparison of Filtering Techniques to Analyze Co-Exposure to News (April 8, 2019). Available at SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3368603.
On the Limits of Regression Adjustment

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Regression adjustment, sometimes known as Controlled-experiment Using Pre-Experiment Data (CUPED), is an important technique in internet experimentation. It decreases the variance of effect size estimates, often cutting confidence interval widths in half or more while never making them worse. It does so by carefully regressing the goal metric against pre-experiment features to reduce the variance. The tremendous gains of regression adjustment begs the question: How much better can we do by engineering better features from pre-experiment data, for example by using machine learning techniques or synthetic controls? Could we even reduce the variance in our effect sizes arbitrarily close to zero with the right predictors? Unfortunately, our answer is negative. A simple form of regression adjustment, which uses just the pre-experiment values of the goal metric, captures most of the benefit. Specifically, under a mild assumption that observations closer in time are easier to predict that ones further away in time, we upper bound the potential gains of more sophisticated feature engineering, with respect to the gains of this simple form of regression adjustment. The maximum reduction in variance is $50\%$ in Theorem 1, or equivalently, the confidence interval width can be reduced by at most an additional $29\%$.
Shift-Pessimistic Active Learning Using Robust Bias-Aware Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing approaches to active learning are generally optimistic about their certainty with respect to data shift between labeled and unlabeled data. They assume that unknown datapoint labels follow the inductive biases of the active learner. As a result, the most useful datapoint labels—ones that refute current inductive biases—are rarely solicited. We propose a shift-pessimistic approach to active learning that assumes the worst-case about the unknown conditional label distribution. This closely aligns model uncertainty with generalization error, enabling more useful label solicitation. We investigate the theoretical benefits of this approach and demonstrate its empirical advantages on probabilistic binary classification tasks.
China-Russia relations in a framework of strategic containment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyses Russian foreign policy in its Asian dimension, placing Russia’s relationship with China in the broader framework of Russia’s foreign policy “Asia Pivot” strategy. The study concludes with a cautious reading of this relationship, anchored in the notion that, underneath the layer of greater closeness and intensified collaboration, lies a relationship of double strategic containment, both regarding the US and the West, and between these two giants. For Russia, the relevance of China in political and economic terms is evident and clearly assumed, but the fear of imbalances resulting from substantive differences between the two has held back a number of actions, while encouraging others in a logic of much-needed refocusing and rebalancing for Moscow.
Psychiatric disorders and low Glasgow Coma Scale score - a case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A low score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) [1], is a common presentation in acute hospital settings.Anesthesiologists and intensivists are frequently asked to ensure airway protection in such patients.Endotracheal intubation is necessary if the GCS is very low.However, it is important to confirm that consciousness is really impaired and the airway is unprotected because endotracheal intubation is demanding and not without risks.In a recent experience with two cases of low GCS, the plan for endotracheal intubation was unnecessary, as the patients were actually capable of protecting their airway.
Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Advance Families of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variability is a major component which helps in selecting better genotypes under different environmental conditions. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the genetic variability and its components and their trait associations of yield characters from the cross of GKVK-13 and KCG-2 that contribute to the F6 and F7 families. In an augmented block design with three checks, TMV-2, KCG-6, and KCG-2, the study was carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, in the 2017 summer and Kharif (rainy seasons). Highly significant differences between the families were found in the analysis of variance for all the characters studied in the F6 and F7 generations, indicating that there is enough variation. Furthermore, medium to high Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic coefficient of variation values coupled with high heritability and medium to high genetic advance as per cent mean observed in most of the traits showed that the majority of the attributes were controlled by additive gene activity and that there was adequate variability. In addition, phenotypic correlation coefficients depicted significant positive associations for most of the traits studied. The implications of the results are discussed. The study concludes that there was the presence of additive genes controlling most of the traits and early selection of these traits is possible for groundnut improvement in the breeding programme.
MODELLING COCNCRETE MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR UNDER HIGH LOADING RATES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present work sets out to investigate numerically, by means of dynamic Nonlinear Finite-Element Analysis (NLFEA), the effect of the strain-rate exhibited under high loading rates (associated usually with blast and impact problems) on the material properties of structural concrete and the ensuing cracking process it undergoes.The numerical predictions obtained were initially validated against relevant published data obtained from tests on plain concrete prismatic and cylindrical specimens under increasing loading rates under direct or indirect tension, uniaxial compression and flexure.The numerical studies reveal that the responses under impact loading differ significantly from those under static loading once certain thresholds of loading rates are exceeded.The study builds on previous work [1][2][3], which has shown that the commonly observed stress-strain relationship of plain concrete specimens under high rates of loading actually describes dynamic structural response rather than material behaviour.A couple of finite element packages were used, in the present study, which adopt different approaches for modelling concrete material behaviour.The comparative analysis of the predictions obtained reveals that when realistically accounting for the brittle nature and the triaxiality which characterise concrete material behavior, the experi-
Discovery of HBW-3-10: A potent, orally active, reversible Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor with antitumor activity in mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

e15062 Background: The first generation irreversible BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has been approved for the treatment of B cell-related diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), for several years. However, CLL patients who used ibrutinib may develop drug resistance due to acquired mutations, in particular BTK C481S that directly impacts the binding of ibrutinib. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop the second generation reversible BTK inhibitors that are effective against both wild-type and C481S mutated B-cell malignancies. LOXO-305 and ARQ-531 are two examples of the second generation reversible BTK inhibitors in advanced clinical trials for ibrutinib-resistant CLL. Methods: New reversible BTK inhibitors were designed, synthesized and tested for enzymatic activities against wild-type and C481S-mutated BTK. Highly active compounds were confirmed for growth effects in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma derived TMD8 cells. Their microsomal stability and ADME properties were also assessed. Potent and bioavailable compounds were further evaluated in vivo efficacy using a TMD8 xenograft tumor model in mice. A 14-day toxicity study in rats was performed correspondingly. Results: As shown in the table, HBW-3-10 has greater potency and pharmacokinetic profile (rats, 10mg/kg PO) than ARQ-531. In a TMD8 mouse xenograft study, HBW-3-10, ARQ-531 and ibrutinib were compared directly, all dosed at 10mg/kg QD, and the resulting tumor growth inhibition rates (TGI) are 38.3%, 9.3% and 22.5%, respectively. Based on our data, HBW-3-10 is more efficacious than ARQ-531 and ibrutinib. In a 14-day preliminary toxicity experiment in rats, both HBW-3-10 and ARQ-531 were dosed 100mg/kg QD. Animals in ARQ531 group started showing signs of sickness on day 3, and all died on day 6 due toxicity; in contrast, no animal in HBW-3-10 group showed any sign of sickness or died during the entire course of study. Conclusions: We have discovered a novel second generation reversible BTK inhibitors HBW-3-10, that has a superior preclinical profile, efficacy and safety than other known ones. HBW-3-10 provides a valuable clinical candidate for treating Ibrutinib resistant CLL and beyond![Table: see text]