jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myopic fundus changes in adult-onset moderate myopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To show a case of adult-onset moderate myopia that developed myopic maculopathy in both eyes. This report shows that an individual with moderate myopia can still develop myopic maculopathy because of a combination of a long axial length and a low lens power that produces a lower-than-expected myopic refraction. Case report: A 67-year-old man came for first time visit seeking vision exam in 2021 with moderate myopia. He reported having good distance and near vision in his youth but then by age 30 he began to experience impaired distance vision. He was initially given a prescription for low astigmatism for his right eye, but his distance vision slowly degraded to the point where he needed higher powered spectacles as years passed. His refractive error in 2021 was -3.25D, -2.00 D 90° (OD) and -3.25D (OS) with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/30 (OD) and 20/20 (OS). His ocular biometry showed an eye that was longer than usual with an almost normal cornea and a low-powered crystalline lens. In both eyes, the fundus showed typical myopic degenerations mainly peripapillary atrophy. The examination after pupil dilation showed mild nuclear opacity grade 1 (LOCS III) bilaterally, with no cortical or subcapsular opacities. Conclusions: This adult-onset moderate myopic subject probably developed myopic maculopathy because his eye was longer than usual during emmetropization due to a low powered crystalline lens.
A standard set of polymorphic microsatellites for threatened mountain ungulates (Caprini, Artiodactyla)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nearly 70% of the world's mountain ungulate taxa are endangered. The availability of a standard set of DNA markers for forensic and molecular ecology studies would help to establish conservation programs and detect poaching activities of these endangered taxa. We tested 60 published microsatellite primer pairs from bovids (cattle, sheep and goat) on 49 individuals from 11 taxa including six wild goat‐like species ( Capra spp.), three divergent wild sheep ( Ovis spp.), and two chamois ( Rupicapra spp.) species. Approximately 30 microsatellites amplified a microsatellite‐like PCR product in all three genera, and with the exception of ILST097, nearly all the loci were polymorphic within most of the 11 species.
PENERAPAN MEREK TERDAFTAR TIDAK DIGUNAKAN (NON-USE MARKS) ANALISIS KASUS ANTARA INTER IKEA SYSTEM BV DAN PT RATANIA KHATULISTIWA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NO. 264 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of business competition in the world of trade, making protection of intellectual property rights very important. Especially in the field of brands. Brand is an important thing to use to differentiate between one another by having a certain characteristic. In this paper we will discuss the case of the "IKEA" brand elimination dispute between Inter Ikea System BV and PT Ratania Khatulistiwa, where the lawsuit was filed because of the Inter Ikea System BV that have the "IKEA" brand which has not been used for 3 consecutive years. The case will be analyzed by Law Number 15 of 2001 concerning the provisions regarding the elimination of the mark and regarding the good faith of the trademark registration of application. By examining the case we can find out the proper legal application and dispute resolution in accordance with the case so that it can provide justice for the parties. In accordance with the five precepts of Pancasila, namely "Justice for all Indonesian people".
Synthesis of 1,1-Difluoro Olefins. II. Reactions of Ketones with Tributylphosphine and Sodium Chlorodifluoroacetate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1,1-Difluoro Olefins. II. Reactions of Ketones with Tributylphosphine and Sodium ChlorodifluoroacetateSamuel A. Fuqua, Warren G. Duncan, and Robert M. SilversteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 8, 2543–2545Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01019a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01019a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ulipristal: a progesterone receptor antagonist as an emergency contraceptive

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ulipristal acetate (UPA; formerly known as CDB-2914) is a novel, high-affinity, selective progesterone receptor modulator that has low antiglucocorticoid activity, specifically developed by HRA Pharma for emergency contraception. In Phase I/II trials, UPA delayed ovulation in women when given in the mid-follicular phase and was as effective as levonorgestrel in preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex. Oral doses of UPA were absorbed rapidly and cleared slowly, and the side effects were apparently minimal. Recently, HRA Pharma have announced that ellaOne® (UPA) has been granted marketing authorization by the European Commission for emergency contraception within 120 h of unprotected intercourse. Herein, a careful review of the main existing papers was carried out, focusing on UPA as an emergency contraceptive agent.
Task selection for increased mechanical exposure variation: Relevance to job rotation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is generally considered that variation in mechanical exposure is beneficial from the viewpoint of preventing musculoskeletal disorders. An approach to quantifying the functional similarity of manual tasks was developed and tested by using three handgrips: power grip (PG); pulp pinch (PP); lateral pinch (LP). Changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) forces were measured during 15 combinations of 2-min duration, 30% MVC isometric contraction in 25 participants. Strength changes in PG were found to be substantially different from LP; when the two grips were alternated, strength dropped to 85.1% MVC whereas after PG alone, strength dropped to 59.3% MVC. The findings suggest that PG and LP are functionally different enough for their alternating use to contribute to increased exposure variation during manual activities. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The paper describes how to determine if two tasks, when performed alternately, are different enough to reduce fatigue, increase work capacity and potentially prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Better understanding of the differences between tasks has the potential to improve job design by allowing better choice of tasks that combine to define a job.
A Study on the Use of Facebook in Informal Learning Contexts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this paper is to examine the results of an observational study on the use of Facebook by adolescents in an informal context. The authors describe the preliminary results of the research and analyze the significant variables that contribute to improve the current, important debate about the social network as a source of information and knowledge in the matching of learning in informal and formal contexts. The above analysis is the premise for the illustration of the potential and advantages that could follow from the use of social networking in everyday teaching. The core problem of the renewal of teaching today is in fact the centre of the debate on an integrated use of ICT in teaching-learning process as re-structuring factor of the action learning systems in formal settings with respect to the cognitive, affective, socio-relational and psycho-motor taxonomic components and implications.
AL-QUR’AN DITURUNKAN DALAM TUJUH HURUF

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of the development of Qirā'āt began at the time of the Prophet when the Qur'an was revealed in seven letters and continued from generation to generation to give birth to a branch of practical science, namely Qirā'āt Science. 'āt Mutawatir and Mashūr. The wisdom with the existence of various Qirā'āt is one form of the ease and flexibility of Islam for its people in worshiping and practicing the contents of its religious teachings. The various qira'at does not mean that the Qur'an has different readings which cause differences in content according to differences, but shows that the Qur'an is very rich in a variety of readings which is a greeting of its beauty..
Effects of Dyadic Quality and Duration on Performance Appraisal

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examined the interactive influence of performance, the quality of a supervisor-subordinate relationship, and the duration of that relationship on performance ratings. The results suggest that, in both the short run and long run, the performance of employees in high- quality “leader-member exchange” relationships is rated high, regardless of their objectively measured performance. The ratings of employees in low-quality exchange relationships are consistent with their objective performance in the short run but high in the long run, regardless of objective performance.
Analysis of the urethral pressure profile using a mechanical model.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Using a model of the urethra designed to ensure a predictable pressure profile along its length, we investigated optimal parameters for gas and water profilometry. In gas profilometry, the response characteristics of the machine, attributable to the highly compressible nature of gas, were shown to be the most important determinants of accuracy. Gas and water profilometry have drawbacks that make clinical results inaccurate. However, if all measuring parameters are carefully recorded and considered when a pressure profile is analyzed, system error can be decreased from 62 to 5% by using the optimal pull and flow rates determined by this study.
Omaveloxolone Increases Nrf2 Activity, Reduces Inflammation, And Improves Mitochondrial Function In Cultured Cell Models Of Friedreich’s Ataxia. (P1.058)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We asked whether omaveloxolone (OMAV) activates Nrf2 and improves mitochondrial function in cultured cell models of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Frataxin (FXN) deficiency. We also asked whether OMAV reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in BV-2 microglial cells.
NOVEL MICROSTRIP BANDPASS FILTERS WITH TRANSMISSION ZEROS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Some design methods for band-pass filters based on half- wavelength resonators have been proposed. The main feature of these methods is that n or n + 1transmission zeros can be generated for a structure composed of n resonators. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed filter structures, three kinds of two-pole compact microstrip hairpin filters are designed and fabricated. Good agreement between measured and simulated data has been demonstrated.
Business Operation Using Identification of Product in Context of Developing Countries Emphasizing Nepal

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: With the emergence of Online Purchasing, Product Identification is an essential model that allows the seller to add a product to a decentralized platform such as Blockchain and allows buyers to purchase the product from the decentralized platform. Fraud products, counterfeiting, and duplication are the current marketplace's major problems. This aims to develop a system for verifying product identification with their information, ownership, and validity detail. Design/Methodology/Approach: The proposed system applies Extreme Programming (XP) to reduce the risk caused by the fixed-time project using new technology and thus the final project could be delivered in time. Solidity and metamask being new technologies were unstable and to adopt the changes, the agile development model was the best through ABI and the bytecode are deployed into the Ethereum Blockchain. Findings/Result: This system maintains the buyers, sellers, and product details in a decentralized blockchain platform. This research details the entire product development process from planning, analysis, design, implementation, and testing for systematic online purchasing. Verifying the product ownership and its information to get the original product is the major difficulty in this space, but this research systematically solves some of those problems. This signifies an improvement in the current centralized way of purchasing goods online, where the information remains as it is entered by the seller while listing the product in Nepal and developing countries context. Originality/Value: The study has produced a decentralized, reliable, secure, and third-party independent marketplace for buying and selling products for fraud free market. Paper Type: Research paper
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF GUGGUL LIPID PHYTOSOMAL GEL OF THYMOQUINONE USING 22 FACTORIAL DESIGN

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Thymoquinone is a bioactive principal constituent of Nigella Sativa. Thymoquinone is hydrophobic, having low water solubility and less permeability. The study aimed to formulate and optimize Thymoquinone loaded phytosomes using guggul lipid by thin-film method to enhance permeation and stability. 2 factor 2 level design (22) using SigmaTech software was employed contour plots were used to predict the responses. The two independent variables used were: the amount of guggul lipid (X1), amount of cholesterol (X2); and the responses included entrapment efficiency (Y1), in-vitro drug release (Y2), and particle size (Y3). The optimized formulation of Thymoquinone phytosomes was incorporated into Carbopol 934 gel base and 0.4% thymoquinone phytosomal gel was prepared. The phytosomal gel was evaluated. The stability study was performed, and phytosomal gel formulation was found stable at 4°C for 45 days.
History and Spread of Viruses (COVID-19) and Associated Demographic and Clinical Parameters – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 made a huge impact on the world due to its rapid transmission and no treatments being available for it. The virus affected more people and spread to various countries than what was predicted when COVID-19 initially began spreading. There have been numerous pandemics and epidemics in the 21st century yet COVID-19 has affected more people and spread widely. The primary objective of the study was to explore history, spread and associated parameters of existing viruses especially COVID-19. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for a systematic search to identify eligible published articles. Clinical data, regarding COVID-19 patients, was obtained from previously published articles. The main cause of COVID-19 spreading rapidly was noted to be due to a high percentage of asymptomatic patients, transmission being air-borne, and the lack of knowledge and preventative measures being implemented when the virus began spreading. The common co-morbidity that found in patients was Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Coronary Heart Disease. The common symptoms, found through the Meta-analysis, that the patients faced included cough (55.4%), fever (68.4%), fatigue (20.3%), and shortness of breath (18.1%). The proportion of asymptotic positive cases was measured 58.3% (95%CI: 24.7% – 87.9%) while mortality proportion was found to be 6.7% (fixed-effect model) and 13.4% (random-effect model). The Meta-analysis indicated that a higher percentage of males were affected by COVID-19 than females and more patients are found to be asymptomatic. Moreover, the mortality rate of patients that have had COVID-19 was found to be low.
Lampreys and teleost fish, other than whitebait, in the polluted Thames estuary

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In a previous paper by Huddart and Arthur the methods used in sampling the fauna of the Thames off West Thurrock Power Station were described. The results in respect of shrimps (Crangon vulgaris) and whitebait (a mixture of young herring [Ciupea herengus] and sprats [Sprattus sprattus]) are also reported in this paper. The present contribution relates to the occurrence of lampreys and teleosts, other than whitebait, which were sampled contemporaneously. These results may serve as a base line for measuring further changes in the fauna of the Thames estuary arising from further possible industrial development and the erection of a barrage.
Can we reduce the incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I in distal radius fractures? The Liverpool experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome is a multifaceted condition, which is relatively common after distal radius fracture. Method A series of audits and service evaluations were conducted from 2004 to 2013 to investigate the incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I and any correlation to tight, restrictive, over-flexed casts. Simple subsequent clinical and patient management changes were implemented and impact re-evaluated. Results These audits have contributed to organisational learning and a subsequent reduction in the incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I in non-operatively managed distal radius fracture from 25%, in keeping with expected incidence in the relevant literature, to a rare event (<1%). Conclusion The authors suggest that careful attention to the prevention of complex regional pain syndrome through staff and patient awareness, vigilance for warning signs and minor modifications to the traditional management of distal radius fractures can significantly reduce the incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after distal radius fracture.
Influence of invertase activity and glycerol synthesis and retention on fermentation of media with a high sugar concentration by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the past, the fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in substrates with a high concentration of sucrose (HSuc), such as sweet bread doughs, has been linked inversely to invertase activity of yeast strains. The present work defines the limits of the relationship between invertase activity and fermentation in hyperosmotic HSuc medium. Fourteen polyploid, wild-type strains of S. cerevisiae with different invertase levels gave a similar ranking of fermentation activity in HSuc and in medium in which glucose and fructose replaced sucrose (HGF medium). Thus, invertase is unlikely to be the most important determinant of fermentation in sweet doughs. Yeasts produce the compatible solute-osmoprotective compound glycerol when exposed to hyperosmotic environments. Under low sugar concentrations (and nonstressing osmotic pressure), there was no correlation between glycerol and fermentation activities. However, there was a strong correlation between the ability of yeasts to ferment in HSuc or HGF medium and their capacity to produce and retain glycerol intracellularly. There was also a strong correlation between intracellular glycerol and fermentation activity of yeasts in a medium in which the nonfermentable sugar alcohol sorbitol replaced most of the sugars (HSor), but the ability to produce and retain glycerol was greater when yeasts were incubated in HGF medium under the same osmotic pressure. The difference between the amounts of glycerol produced and retained in HSor and in HGF media varied with strains. This implies that high fermentable sugar concentrations cause physiological conditions that allow for enhanced glycerol production and retention, the degree of which is strain dependent. In conclusion, one important prerequisite for yeast strains to ferment media with high concentrations of sugar is the ability to synthesize glycerol and especially to retain it.
Graphnics: Combining FEniCS and NetworkX to simulate flow in complex networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Network models facilitate inexpensive simulations, but require careful handling of bifurcation conditions. We here present the graphnics library, which combines FEniCS with NetworkX to facilitate network simulations using the finite element method. Graphnics features (i) a FenicsGraph class built on top of the NetworkX DiGraph class, that constructs a global mesh for a network and provides FEniCS mesh functions describing how they relate to the graph structure. (ii) Example models showing how the FenicsGraph class can be used to assemble and solve different network flow models. (iii) Demos showing e.g. how to run simulations on complex biological networks. Interestingly, the results show that vasomotion modelled as a travelling sinusoidal wave is capable of driving net perivascular fluid flow through an arterial tree, as has been proposed based on experimental data.
Studies of the Human Testis. I. Biosynthetic Pathways for Androgen Formation in Human Testicular TissueIn Vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thirty-four incubations of minced testis tissue from five patients with prostatic carcinoma were performed for different periods of time with labeled precursors pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (Δ4-dione), and androst-5-ene-3β, 17β-diol (Δ5-diol) singly or in varying combinations. Testosterone (T) and the Δ5 and Δ4 intermediates which have been suggested as possible precursors of T were identified. Metabolism of pregnenolone or 17-hydroxypregnenolone yielded steadily increasing T with a bell shaped curve depicting the Δ5 intermediates, whereas the recovery of Δ4 intermediates remained low throughout the incubation period. From a comparison of the 3H/14C ratio of intermediates with the 3H/14C ratio of T following incubations with two labeled precursors, it appeared that T is formed more readily from pregnenolone than progesterone; from 17-hydroxypregnenolone than pregnenolone, progesterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone; and from DHA than 17-hydroxyprogesterone or 17-hydroxypregnenolone. Δ4-dione converted to T more efficiently than did Δ5-diol. The changing pattern of the intermediates with time suggested that for the Δ4 pathway the C17–20 lyase reaction is rate limiting and for the Δ5 pathway the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase plus isomerase activity is rate limiting. On the basis of these studies, it is postulated that the predominant pathway from pregnenolone to T in human testes in vitro under the conditions used is as follows; pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone to DHA to Δ5-diol to T.