jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P160: Contributing Factors to Prolonged Length of Hospital Stay After Readmission Among Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural Appalachia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The Appalachian region has a disproportionate rate of morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), compared to other regions in the United States. Readmission after initial hospitalization for CVD is a major health and economic burden. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to a prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) after readmission for CVD in rural Appalachia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with prolonged LOS after readmission of patients with CVD in rural Appalachian region. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that certain demographic and CVD risk factors would be positively and significantly associated with prolonged LOS after readmission of patients with CVD. Methods: Study population consisted of 2,063 patients from Central Appalachia who were diagnosed with ≥1 CVD-related medical comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, depressive symptoms, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure) and readmitted between 2010 and 2016 to a large health system. The average LOS was assessed and the Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios (HR) were calculated to identify factors associated with prolonged LOS (defined as a LOS of six or more days) after readmission among CVD patients. The median LOS and probability of prolonged LOS for different sociodemographic risk groups in the study population were calculated. Results: The average LOS was 13.44±45.77 days. A one-year increase in the age of CVD patients tended to increase the risk of prolonged LOS by 0.6% (95% CI: 1.00-1.01; p=0.04). Additionally, being male was found to be associated with increased risk of prolonged LOS (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08-1.34; p<0.001). Similarly, having at least one CVD related comorbid condition increased the risk of prolonged LOS by 23.3% (95% CI: 1.03-1.47; p=0.02). Our findings also showed that both underweight and obese CVD patients were at 58.2% (95% CI: 0.52-0.65; p<0.0001) and 53.6% (95% CI: 0.50-0.56; p<0.0001) higher risk of having a prolonged LOS, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, increasing age, being male, having ≥1 comorbidities of CVD, and being underweight or obese were positively associated with prolonged LOS after hospital readmission in this rural population. These findings suggest that preventing and treating comorbid conditions and CVD risk factors may lower the likelihood of a prolonged LOS after readmission.
Women working in public and private sector organisations in Oman: are they free to glide?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study examines the condition of working women within Oman’s socioeconomic framework, emphasizing their underrepresentation in senior management, the effects of workplace constraints on career progression and solutions to enhance opportunities for women in leadership roles. Design/methodology/approach The study used a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative phase involved a survey of 215 Omani professionals − 87 male and 128 female, with data analysed using IBM SPSS 28 and SmartPLS 4. Analyses included measures of central tendency and deviation as well as PLS SEM-based path analysis and multigroup analyses. Findings The inclusion of women positively influences their career advancement, while harassment and gender discrimination hinder progress. Gender discrimination has a more substantial effect at lower and middle levels but is less impactful at the top level. Harassment affects women over 40 more significantly, with little impact on younger women. Additionally, domestic gender roles particularly hinder the career advancement of women in the 31–40 age group. Practical implications The practical consequences encompass the establishment of mentorship programmes, the provision of networking opportunities and the promotion of gender equity awareness. These programmes promote an inclusive workplace, facilitating women’s professional growth. Mentorship and networking offer crucial assistance and connections, whereas growing awareness of gender biases fosters equity and equal treatment for all employees. These initiatives jointly foster a more equal work environment. Social implications By implementing sustainable measures and fostering a culture of equity and inclusivity, Oman can prevent gender discrimination and further solidify its commitment to gender equality. This will create an environment where everyone, regardless of gender, has equal opportunities to succeed and thrive. Originality/value This research is distinctive within the Omani setting, as no previous studies have explicitly examined women’s career progression from a socioeconomic perspective.
PM_047433_E_Lleida

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

File Name: PM_047433_E_Lleida.jpg Sublocation: Seu Vella Location: Lleida Province: Catalunya, Lleida Country: Spain Header: El claustre. Voltes. Una pedra angular. Description: The old cathedral (La Seu Vella) The cloister Vaults A keystone Keywords: Catalunya, Cathedral, Cultural heritage, Europe, Gothic, Lleida, Monuments, Sculpture, Spain, Styles, Techniques Author: Photo: Paul M.R. Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert
Vertebral deformities in hatchery-reared and wild-caught juvenile Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study compared vertebral deformities of hatchery-reared and wild-caught juvenile Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus.A total of 362 hatchery-reared flounder(total length 122.5-155.8 mm) were collected from three commercial hatcheries located in Yantai,East China,and 89 wild fish(total length 124.7-161.3 mm) were caught off Yangma Island near Yantai City(37°27′N,121°36′E).All the fish were dissected,photographed,and images of the axial skeleton were examined for vertebral deformities.Compared with wild-caught flounder in which no deformed vertebrae were detected,48(13.3%) hatcheryreared fish had deformed vertebrae.The deformities were classified as compression,compression-ankylosis,and dislocation-ankylosis.The vertebral deformities were mainly localized between post-cranial vertebra 1and 3,with vertebrae number 1 as the most commonly deformed.The causative factors leading to vertebral deformities in reared Japanese flounder may be related to unfavorable temperature conditions,inflammation,damage,or rupture to the intervertebral ligaments under rearing conditions.Furthermore,no significant difference in the total number of vertebral bodies was observed between wild-caught(38.8±0.4) and hatchery-reared flounder(38.l±0.9)(P0.05).However,the number of vertebral bodies of hatchery-reared and wild-caught flounder ranged from 35 to 39 and from 38 to 39,respectively.
The Blockchain-based Online Learning Platform for the Untact Education Environment in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

최근 전 세계적으로 코로나 사태를 겪으며 많은 변화를 겪고 있다. 과거와 같은 대면방식의 학습, 업무환경 등이 비대면으로 전환되는 추세이나, 너무도 급작스러운 변화에 따라 완벽한 대처를 하지 못하고 있다. 기존의 온라인 학습 시스템은 사전에 제작된 컨텐츠나 영상을 재생하는 방식으로 진행되어 교수자와 학습자 간 쌍방향 커뮤니케이션에 한계점이 있다. 이러한 문제에 따라 실시간 학습에 화상회의시스템을 활용하는 추세이나, 민감 학습정보 노출 등의 우려가 있으며, 부적절한 이용, 실시간 행동판단에 한계점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 블록체인 기반의 온라인 학습 플랫폼을 제안하였다. 제안한 기법은 빅데이터 분석을 통하여 학습자의 행동분석 및 부정학습 방지가 가능하며, 민감 학습정보 노출을 차단한다. 또한 블록체인을 활용하여 학습데이터에 대한 무결성을 유지하고 불법적인 조작을 원천적으로 차단하므로 안전한 온라인 학습 플랫폼을 구축할 수 있다.
Nkrumah’s Ghana and the Armed Struggle in Southern Africa (1961–1966)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Building on newly available primary sources, this article describes Nkrumah’s role in the armed struggle in Southern Africa, including information about the establishment and running of military training camps in Ghana. Moreover, the article examines why Nkrumah’s influence over the liberation movements engaged in armed resistance diminished after 1963. This was the outcome of several factors operating concurrently. With the intensification of the armed struggle, Ghana’s geographical disadvantage and logistical difficulties in providing weapons to the frontline became evident, especially when compared to Tanzania. However, as the article argues, the crucial reason for its loss of influence in the region was political. Indeed, after 1963 it became increasingly clear that the priorities and strategies of Nkrumah’s Pan-African and liberation policies were not fully endorsed by the key protagonists of the armed struggle, and this ultimately affected their relationship with Ghana. As a result, the country that had led the liberation struggle on the continent between 1957 and 1963, ultimately lost its competition with other African and non-African actors in the region. Still, Nkrumah had an outstanding following among Southern African freedom fighters prior to the coup of February 1966, rooted in the ongoing support for the armed struggle by the Ghanaian government.
Nudging: To know 'what works' you need to know why it works

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Nudging is widely portrayed as a purely inductive approach to influencing human behavior using insights from the behavioral sciences to learn what works. However, as this paper argues, to understand 'what works', requires not only scientists, but also policy-makers as well as practitioners to understand what cognitive mechanisms brings behavior change about as well as under what conditions. This is argued by explicating how the concept of nudge itself identifies the main condition for the efficacy of nudging as well as calls for considering what specific mechanisms mediate a nudge and its behavioral effects. The practical implications are illustrated relative to the intuitively appealing policy application of nudging people into becoming organ donors by changing the default from an opt-in to an opt-out system; and in turn reveals why prominent scientists in the field believe this policy application to be a bad idea.
A Comparison of the Changes of Focal Narrators between Han Gang’s The Vegetarian and James Joyce’s Ulysses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

모더니즘 이후, 서사이론은 서사의 내용 그 자체보다 서사기법, 즉, 누가, 어떤 관점과 어떤 시점에서, 그리고 어떤 방식으로 서술을 진행하는가의 문제에 초점을 맞춘다. 본 논문에서는 서술 기법에 지대한 관심을 드러내는 『채식주의자』와 『율리시스』를 비교분석해 보고자 한다. 흥미롭게도 한강의 『채식주의자』와 제임스 조이스의 『율리시스』는 공통적으로 세 명의 각기 다른 초점화자를 내세울 뿐만 아니라, 1인칭에서 3인칭(혹은 3인칭에서 1인칭)으로 서술 인칭을 변화시킨다. 먼저 『채식주의자』에서는 영혜의 남편과, 형부인 인혜 남편, 그리고 언니인 인혜가 각각 초점화자로 등장하여 각기 다른 관점에서 영혜와 그녀의 극단적 채식주의에 대해 서술을 진행한다. 한편으로 『율리시스』에서는 『채식주의자』와 마찬가지로 두 명의 남성인 스티븐과 블룸이 초점화자로 먼저 등장하고, 여성인 몰리 블룸이 최종 초점화자로서 등장하여 서술을 진행한다. 본 논문에서는 두 텍스트에서 공통적으로 활용된 초점화자의 변화 양상과 서술 인칭의 변화의 효과를 비교 분석하고자 한다.
Development Cooperation and Sustainable Tourism in Mozambique: Territorial Systems and Cultural Heritage in the Zinave National Park

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper presents the existing relationship between development cooperation, environmental policies and sustainable tourism in Mozambique, analyzing the specific case of Zinave National Park (PNZ). By adopting an approach that investigates the socio-territorial configurations and the traditional knowledge of African communities [Turco, 2002], we want to prove that the knowledge of territorial systems is crucial for the management of environmental cooperation projects, particularly for the promotion of sustainable tourism activities, in order to preserve cultural heritage and promote local development.
In this perspective, the PNZ is an interesting case study because it is going through a phase of conservative and tourism planning, supported by the Ministry of Tourism of Mozambique, two Italian NGOs (CeLIM and LVIA) and some international organizations, in order to promote a community conservation.
Applying a participatory research method, called SIGAP Strategy [Casti, 2006], based on field research and the involvement of local actors, we will discuss the results obtained during the fieldwork carried out in the PNZ, in order to reconstruct the territorial structures existing within the Park. This is shown using the participatory mapping [Burini, 2010] which could be the base of a GIS community mapping system able to express and communicate these values, to implement the process of participation of populations to the decision-making process, promoting the sustainable development at a local level.
Lidar windshear detection and avoidance: Performance and technical assessment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to evaluate competing lidars for use in an airborne forward-looking system to enable aircraft to avoid the hazards of low altitude wind shear. Information is presented in vugraph form on lidar general requirements, tentative technical requirements, comparison of velocity errors and signal to noise ratios in clear weather for 2.1 and 10.6 micron lidars, a wind shear display, and preliminary results.
In Vitro Work Load and Rat Heart Metabolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The isolated working rat heart preparation was used to study the effects of well defined work loads on heart protein synthesis. The rate of protein synthesis was evaluated by measuring the incorporation rate of phenylalanine‐ 3 H into whole heart protein. Increased pressure load (afterload) accelerated the protein synthesis. A stimulatory effect was demonstrated with glucose or palmitate as substrate and with 1 or 5 times the normal rat plasma levels of all amino acids in the perfusion medium. The protein synthesis of both control and overloaded hearts was significantly accelerated with palmitate as substrate or with high levels of all amino acids. The work load effect could, thus, be obtained under conditions optimal for heart protein synthesis in vitro . In contrast to the stimulatory effect of in‐creased afterload the rate of protein synthesis was not changed when the left atrial filling pressure (preload) was increased, although the external heart work was raised several times. End systolic volume was markedly increased in pressure overloaded hearts compared to hearts perfused under control conditions or with increased preload. It is concluded that an increase in contractile tension during systole and/or an increase in the end systolic volume was a necessary requirement for the acceleration of protein synthesis.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymers in food analysis: clean-up and chromatographic improvements

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Several natural and synthetic substances have been monitored in analytical laboratories worldwide to ensure food safety. Multiple residue detection (i.e., detection of multiple analytes in a single sample or matrix) is a main weakness of existing analytical methods, when fast and reliable results are required. Multianalyte approaches may save time and money in the food industry, and more importantly, they allow the quick release of food products into the marketplace. In addition, multianalyte approaches notably decrease the time required between sampling and analysis to meet legal requirements. However, to achieve analytical success, it is necessary to develop thorough clean-up procedures to extract analytes from the matrix. In addition, good chromatographic separation methods are also necessary to distinguish closely related analytes. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is an emerging, powerful tool for sample extraction and chromatography. First used for solid-phase extraction, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are also effective chromatographic phases for the separation of isomers and structurally related molecules. In recent years, a number of analytical methods utilising MIT have been applied for the analysis of residues in food, and existing methodologies have been improved. This review article describes the latest applications of MIT in the development of methodologies to monitor the presence of residues of veterinary products in foodstuff.
Mental health in Guyana’s Prisons: a direct legacy of the country’s colonial history?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>The mental health of those who live and work in Guyana’s prisons is at the heart of our three-year research project on the relationship between the nation’s colonial past and the mental health and substance abuse disorders of prisoners and prison staff in the present. Much like the recent Inter-American Development Bank’s (IDB) ‘Survey of Individuals Deprived of Liberty: Caribbean 2016-2019’ notes, examining the living conditions in prisons across six Caribbean nations, including Guyana, is important because “they directly relate to the well-being of individuals who are deprived of liberty.” In our own work on the history of prisons in Guyana since the 1830s we have identified many examples of how infrastructure shaped living conditions and impacted realities such as overcrowding; inadequate access to water, healthcare, training and education; poor sanitation; and a lack of visits. This intensified what criminologists call “the pains of imprisonment”, understood as the impact of incarceration on the physical and mental well-being of individuals.</p>
The role of hinges in primary total knee replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of hinged implants in primary total knee replacement (TKR) should be restricted to selected indications and mainly for elderly patients. Potential indications for a rotating hinge or pure hinge implant in primary TKR include: collateral ligament insufficiency, severe varus or valgus deformity (> 20°) with necessary relevant soft-tissue release, relevant bone loss including insertions of collateral ligaments, gross flexion-extension gap imbalance, ankylosis, or hyperlaxity. Although data reported in the literature are inconsistent, clinical results depend on implant design, proper technical use, and adequate indications. We present our experience with a specific implant type that we have used for over 30 years and which has given our elderly patients good mid-term results. Because revision of implants with long cemented stems can be very challenging, an effort should be made in the future to use shorter stems in modular versions of hinged implants. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):93–5.
Health Status of Women in Kerala

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This paper examined the health status of females in Kerala, a state ranked at the top in terms of human development index, social development index and gender development index among the states in India. The health profile of a Kerala woman is much better than that of an Indian woman. The discussion indicates that the problems related to women’s health in Kerala are different from those addressed at the national level. Therefore, priorities, approaches and strategies set at the national level may not be appropriate for Kerala. Hence, moving in the same pattern as other states based on the conventional strategies for health improvement may not be advisable or adequate for Kerala. The state needs a strategy for achieving the state-specific goals.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A distinctive role for focal adhesion proteins in three-dimensional cell motility.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Focal adhesions are large multi-protein assemblies that form at the basal surface of cells on planar dishes, and that mediate cell signalling, force transduction and adhesion to the substratum. Although much is known about focal adhesion components in two-dimensional (2D) systems, their role in migrating cells in a more physiological three-dimensional (3D) matrix is largely unknown. Live-cell microscopy shows that for cells fully embedded in a 3D matrix, focal adhesion proteins, including vinculin, paxillin, talin, alpha-actinin, zyxin, VASP, FAK and p130Cas, do not form aggregates but are diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Despite the absence of detectable focal adhesions, focal adhesion proteins still modulate cell motility, but in a manner distinct from cells on planar substrates. Rather, focal adhesion proteins in matrix-embedded cells regulate cell speed and persistence by affecting protrusion activity and matrix deformation, two processes that have no direct role in controlling 2D cell speed. This study shows that membrane protrusions constitute a critical motility/matrix-traction module that drives cell motility in a 3D matrix. PMID: 20473295 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA085839 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM084204 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA85839 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM080673 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA143868 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM084204-02 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM080673 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 CA143868-01 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 CA143868 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM084204 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Illuminating the Apocalypse in Seventeenth-Century Armenian Manuscripts: The Transition from Printed Book to Manuscript

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Book of Revelation by John, often referred to by its Greek name, Apocalypse, became an extremely popular source of inspiration for images in western European manuscripts. The earliest extant manuscript illustrating Book of Revelation is believed to be the early ninth-century Carolingian manuscript known as the Trier Apocalypse, itself thought to be copied from sixth-century Italian original, with seventy-four full-page illuminations. Constantinople was another important center for the production of Armenian Bible manuscripts in the seventeenth century, and the compositions in the Book of Revelation deviate somewhat from the de Bry model that so fascinated the New Julfa artists. By the seventeenth century, however, a number of artists of late manuscripts had drastically transformed their art to more literal depictions of text of Revelation, and considerably increased the number of illustrations in the text, due to increased exposure to western European art through the medium of printed, illustrated books. Keywords: apocalypse; Armenian bible manuscripts; Book of Revelation; western European art; western European manuscript