jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compensating aberrations in Doppler holography of the human eye fundus through computed sub-aperture signal correlation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Holographic retinal imaging can be affected by optical distortions from the eye and lenses. A digital Shack-Hartmann algorithm corrects this by splitting the Fourier plane into sub-apertures to measure local wavefront gradients via cross-correlation of sub-images. We examine wavefront regularization by Zernike polynomials for better aberration correction, and introduce a new method for calculating retinal image shifts. Using the entire computed image as a reference, rather than just the central sub-image, minimizes bias. Furthermore, we use a direct wavefront reconstruction approach, using overlapping sub-apertures and a 2D gradient integration algorithm to estimate the wavefront without regularization. Our findings show that this direct wavefront estimation enhances image resolution and contrast for Doppler holography of the eye fundus compared to wavefront regularization by Zernike polynomials.
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): a case report and review of Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) or Rosai-Dorfman disease is an unusual, benign, selflimited condition of unknown etiology which generally presents as massive bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy in children. It is differentiated from other childhood histiocytosis by its distinct character and should be kept in mind for differential diagnosis of neck mass in children because of the different treatment modalities. In this article a case of neck mass in a 10-month-old boy with diagnosis of SHML is presented. The clinical features, cytopathological characteristics of diagnosis and the treatment of disease are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Use of a Combined Ex Vivo/In Vivo Population Approach for Screening of Human Genes Involved in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Life Cycle for Variants Influencing Disease Progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Humans differ substantially with respect to susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We evaluated variants of nine host genes participating in the viral life cycle for their role in modulating HIV-1 infection. Alleles were assessed ex vivo for their impact on viral replication in purified CD4 T cells from healthy blood donors ( n = 128). Thereafter, candidate alleles were assessed in vivo in a cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals ( n = 851) not receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. As a benchmark test, we tested 12 previously reported host genetic variants influencing HIV-1 infection as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nine candidate genes. This led to the proposition of three alleles of PML , TSG101 , and PPIA as potentially associated with differences in progression of HIV-1 disease. In a model considering the combined effects of new and previously reported gene variants, we estimated that their effect might be responsible for lengthening or shortening by up to 2.8 years the period from 500 CD4 T cells/μl to <200 CD4 T cells/μl.
Operations on totally weighted graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The investigation and study of different operations on graphs leads many interesting results in various branches of science and technology. The operations of union, join, corona, Cartesian product and strong product in totally weighted graphs are introduced in this article. The types of edges in the resultant graphs are studied and strong connectivity indices of totally weighted graphs through these graph operations are discussed here. Weighted graph operations are relevant, as many complicated networks can be obtained through the operations of basic types of networks.
Spatial-temporal analysis of ship traffic in Azores based on AIS data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A method is proposed to automatically produce synthetic maritime traffic representations from historical Automatic Identification System data. The method consists of a two-phase analysis of maritime traffic data, which includes ship traffic motion pattern identification as well as ship route characterization. Given the location of a port, ship trajectories and ship characteristics are extracted enabling to estimate ship traffic volume, composition and origin-destination topology. In addition, each ship route is individually analysed in terms of ship type distribution and daily and hourly patterns, which allows the characterization of the typical behaviour of a group of similar ships along a particular route. Furthermore, the speed distribution at the study area in terms of time of day is analysed to capture the traffic state changes over time. The method is applied to obtain a light and structured representation of the maritime traffic off the Azores Archipelago.
Monstrous Women in Comics, Samantha Langsdale and Elizabeth Rae Coody (eds) 2020

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review of: Monstrous Women in Comics , Samantha Langsdale and Elizabeth Rae Coody (eds) (2020) Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 295 pp., 35 b&w illustrations ISBN 978-1-49682-763-0, p/bk, $30
Data collection and refinement statistics.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>The numbers in parentheses represent values for the highest resolution shell.</p>a<p><i>R</i><sub>sym</sub> = Σ|<i>I</i><sub>i</sub>−〈<i>I</i>〉|/Σ<i>I</i> where <i>I</i><sub>i</sub> is the intensity of the <i>i</i>th observation and 〈<i>I</i>〉 is the mean intensity of the reflections.</p>b<p><i>R</i><sub>work</sub> = Σ||<i>F</i><sub>obs</sub>|−|<i>F</i><sub>calc</sub>||/Σ|<i>F</i><sub>obs</sub>| where <i>F</i><sub>calc</sub> and <i>F</i><sub>obs</sub> are the calculated and observed structure factor amplitude, respectively.</p>
Junction conditions of cosmological perturbations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The behavior of perturbations is studied in cosmological models which consist of two different homogeneous regions connected in a spherical shell boundary. The junction conditions for the metric perturbations and the displacements of the shell boundary are analyzed and the surface densities of the perturbed energy and momentum in the shell are derived, using Mukohyama's gauge-invariant formalism and the Israel discontinuity condition. In both homogeneous regions the perturbations of scalar, vector and tensor types are expanded using the 3-dimensional harmonic functions, but the model coupling among them is caused in the shell by the inhomogeneity. By treating the perturbations with odd and even parities separately, it is found, however, that we can have consistent displacements and surface densities for given metric parturbations
El elogio de la dificultad como narrativa de la identidad regional en Antioquia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the way in which appreciation of the natural environment influenced the formation of a narrative of Antioqueño regional identity. The analysis is based on the published ideas found of a group of 19th century Antioqueño writers and a wide range of academics during the first half of the 20th century.
The Catholic Clergy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Denounced by the Hierarchy in 1863, condemned by Archbishop of Dublin Dr Paul Cullen (1803–1877) in 1865, and, after the failed rising of 1867, damned along with other secret societies in Pope Pius IX's 1870 Papal Bull, the IRB swiftly earned the wrath of the Catholic Church in Ireland. As the IRB was neither illegal nor secretive in the United States, and since it boasted of a mass following since its creation in New York in 1858 by John Mahoney (the source of a separate, but nonetheless welcome source of funding to its Irish-based cohort), such clerical condemnations had little effect on US Fenians. In Ireland, however, the clerical line extended far into local parish and community life, into which the IRB became an intrusive force invading traditionally hallowed and, until then, uncontested clerical territory.
Experimental investigationof water uptakes on modified AQSOA type zeolites under static and dynamic conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Global warming has become a serious threat due to the use of CFC and HCFC assisted refrigerants and large emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to utilize renewable energy driven adsorption cooling system that reduces the electricity consumption and mitigates the global warning effects. Hence, researches on adsorbent materials are carried on to improve the performances of absorption chiller system which may replace the conventional vapour compression system with the reduction of electricity consumption. However, the adsorption chiller needs large space due to large quantity of adsorbents required. Therefore, the improvement of water adsorption performance is essential to reduce the size of the chiller. In this report, different % weights of CaCl2 are impregnated into AQSOA-Z05 zeolite to enhance the water adsorption capacity. At first, nitrogen adsorption is conducted to measure the porous characteristics such as BET surface area, pore volume and pore size distributions. Later, the modified adsorbents undergo the gravimetric water adsorption experiment at the temperature of 25°C, 35°C, 45°C and 60°C with the relative pressures varying from Henry’s region up to the saturated pressure under static and dynamic conditions. Finally, Charkraborty-Sun adsorption isotherm model is fitted with experimentally measured water isotherms data to understand the interaction between the modified adsorbent and the water. The kinetics model based on Langmuir analogy is used to capture the kinetics parameters of modified zeolite-water system. Hence, the kinetics rates are found higher than the parent AQSOA-Z05 zeolite and the uptake-offtake difference per adsorption-cooling update is also found higher. Thus, impregnation CaCl2 in AQSOA is a potential solution for the improvement of adsorption chiller performances.
Caloric Requirements of Early Weaned Pigs Fed Cord-Soybean Meal-Based Diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pigs weaned at 21 d of age and averaging 5.7 kg in weight were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 3,106, 3,300, 3,520 or 3,740 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg. Caloric levels were adjusted in the respective diets by the addition of Solka-floc or corn oil (1.12, 6.22 and 11.27% corn oil for the three higher energy diets, respectively). Constant ratios of calorie:protein, calorie: lysine and calorie:S bearing amino acid levels were maintained. A significant quadratic effect of treatment on gains was observed, with gains increasing until energy density reached the 3,520 kcal level. Average daily feed intake was lowest for pigs fed the 3,106 kcal diet and highest for those fed the 3,300 kcal diet, but decreased as energy increased from 3,300 kcal to 3,740 kcal. Feed to gain ratios improved linearly as caloric density increased, with the greatest improvement occurring between the 3,300 and 3,520 kcal levels. Comparing all treatments, the kcal of ME required per gram of gain were similar and ranged from 5.2 to 5.7. These data indicate that the caloric requirements for maximum gains and feed efficiencies in young pigs are higher than currently recommended, particularly for pigs weighing 10 to 20 kg. For a diet containing 3,520 kcal ME/kg, 20% crude protein supplied solely by corn and soybean meal appears to be as acceptable as a higher crude protein level containing supplemental lysine and methionine.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Chitin as Saturable Absorber in Erbium-doped Fiber Laser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles embedded in chitin as a saturable absorber (SA), we demonstrate a passive Q-switched erbium-doped fibre laser (EDFL). Following SA fabrication, the SA is integrated in the ring cavity of an EDFL. At an operating wavelength of 1558.8 nm, a stable Q-switching operation was demonstrated with a threshold input pump power of 23.86 mW. The generated pulse had a frequency range of 33.44 kHz to 75.76 kHz and a pulse width of $\displaystyle \mathbf{2.925\ \mu {s}}$ .
LHD TESPEL #158036.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.
Quantum field theory in a multimetric background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By means of simple models in a flat spacetime manifold we examine some of the\nissues that arise when quantizing interacting quantum fields in multi-metric\nbackgrounds. In particular we investigate the maintenance of a causal structure\nin the models. In this context we introduce and explain the relevance of an\ninterpolating metric that is a superposition of the individual metrics in the\nmodels. We study the renormalisation of a model with quartic interactions and\nelucidate the structure of the renormalisation group and its implications for\nLorentz symmetry breakdown.\n
Enhancing Potato Chips Quality by Optimizing Coating and Frying Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, a Box–Behnken design was carried out in order to study the effects of coating agent (locust bean gum [LBG]) concentration (0–1%), frying time (30–120 s) and frying temperature (160–190C) on oil content, moisture content and volume of fried potato chips. The fitted mathematical model allowed us to plot isoresponse curves and to determine optimal coating and frying conditions. Results showed that frying temperature was the main factor influencing the oil uptake of potato chips. High-quality potato chips characterized by a low fat content (<%), a moisture content in the range of 5–7% and an acceptable volume (>10 10−6 m3) could be obtained by using a LBG concentration of 1% and low frying temperature (<180C). Optimal coating and frying conditions were achieved with 1% LBG concentration, 120 s frying time at 175C frying temperature, and observed responses coincided well with the predicted values from the response surface methodology optimization technique. Practical Applications Because of consumer health concerns and the trend toward healthier and low-fat food products, intensive research has been undertaken to reduce the amount of fat absorbed in the fried foods. Food coatings may become a good alternative to solve this problem. The aim of this work was to enhance the potato chips quality by optimizing coating and frying conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM results indicated that high-quality potato chips characterized by oil content lower than that of commercial potato chips (18%) and an acceptable volume (>10 10−6 m3) were obtained by using a locust bean gum concentration of 1%, low frying temperature (<180C) and a frying time of about 120 s.
Pitavastatin improves antilipemic effect and insulin resistance by regulating chloride channel protein 3 chloride channel of adipose tissue

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the mechanisms of pitavastatin on antilipemic effect and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating voltage gated chloride channel (ClC-3) of adipose tissue.Methods T2DM rats were randomly divided into three groups (n =10 per group):model group,pitavastatin group [3 mg/(kg · d)],and pioglitazone standard treatment group [20 mg/(kg · d)].In addition,ten normal rats were set for normal control group.The rats were given drugs or the same amount of distilled water by gastric delivery every day.After 5 weeks,all the rats were killed,blood and epididymal adipose tissue were collected.Fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglyceride (TG),free fatty acid (FFA),and insulin (FINS) in the serum of each group were determined,and then the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated.The expression level of ClC-3 protein level in adipose tissue was determined by Western blotting.T2DM models of wild type mice and ClC-3 gene-knockout mice were established with the same way,and the same indices were tested.Results Compared to normal control group,the levels of FBG,TG,FFA,and HOMA-IR in serum of T2DM rats were increased significantly,and the expression of adipose ClC-3 protein was upregulated significantly (n =10,t =-2.915,P =0.017).After pitavastatin treatment for 5 weeks,not only the serum levels of TG,FFA,and HOMA-IR but also the expression of ClC-3 protein were significantly decreased compared to T2DM rats (t =6.004,P ＜ 0.01).There was a significantly positive correlation between elevation levels of serum parameters (TG,FFA,and HOMA-IR) and upregulation of ClC-3 protein expression in T2DM rats.Treatment of T2DM rats with pioglitazone also decreased the levels of FBG,TG,FFA,and HOMA-IR (P ＜ 0.05),but did not affect the expression of ClC-3 protein in adipose tissue compared to the model group.Moreover,the levels of FBG,TG,FFA,HOMA-IR,and insulin sensitivity tolerance were significantly decreased in CIC-3 gene knockout-T2DM mice compared to the wild type T2DM mice (n =12,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Pitavastatin can decrease the blood lipid level and improve insulin resistance of T2DM rats,probably by down-regulating the expression of ClC-3 protein in adipose tissue.

Key words:
Quinolines/pharmacology; Adipose tissue ; Chloride channels ; Antilipemic agents ; Insulin resistance ; Disease models, animal ; Rats
Need of Caring Enviromrnt of Stroke in South Taiwan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In order to understand the caring environment of the stroke patients and the utilization, need, demand and congition of the rehabilitation resoures, 225 stroke patients, who admitted to Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from January 1986 to December 1990, 117 males (52%) and 108 females (48.0%) with the ages from 31 to 89 (mean 63.45 ±10.87) were evaluated by questionaires, telephone and home visit. From the view point of the patients, the rehabilitation resources were insufficient for them in communities (76.4%), and it was one of the main reasons causing loss of follow-up. The patients' cognition of the importance of the rehabilitation was greater than its availability. Most paitents prefered to go to rehabilitation centers in their communities (88.1%) or receive home visit rehabilitation (64.2%). The younger subjects and those who had better activities of daily living had the lower intention to the long-term care facilities. Almost all subjects in this study returned home after their discharges from the hospital.
Lower Secondary Student Attitudes Towards Social Studies in a Catholic School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study examined lower secondary student attitudes towards social studies and identified the factors that influenced attitudes in one Catholic secondary school located in the Perth metropolitan area. A total of 4 75 students were enrolled in Years 8 to 10 at the school in 1999. A modified version of Student Attitudes Towards Social Studies (Moroz 1996) questionnaire with 94 items, was utilised to gauge secondary student attitudes towards the learning area. A total of 421 lower secondary students participated in the survey. The data was analysed using the statistical software package SPSS 9. 0 for Windows, where descriptive statistics were the primary statistical analysis method used for the study. Numerical responses were summarised in the form of means, standard deviations and frequencies. Formal statistical tests (Independent T-tests and Analysis of variance, ANOVA) were used to explore the statistical significance of variable relationships in the data. The open-ended questions of the student questionnaire were analysed by identifying and coding common and frequent responses by students. The survey results showed that from 14 school subjects social studies was the eleventh most liked subject. It also showed that student attitudes towards social studies were positive, however, liking for the learning area declined significantly by 13.30% from Years 8 to 10. Female students were more positive towards the learning area compared to male students. The results of the study show that the reasons for the low status and the magnitude of deterioration in student attitudes towards social studies was because students disliked the delivery of the subject, its repetitive content and the learning activities undertaken in social studies lessons.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLANT TAXONOMY JOURNAL NELUMBO, 2004-2011

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study carried out a bibliometric analysis of 210 papers and 2999 citations published in the journal Nelumbo published by the of Botanical Survey of India for the period 2004 to 2011.Yearwise distribution of contributions in their different volumes, authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, length of papers, citation pattern, average citation per contribution per volume, type of documents and their citations, subjectwise distribution of papers, rank list of cited journals, ranking of contributors have been studied. Joint authorship pattern comes 74.76% which is higher than single authorship pattern. Out of 2999 citations maximum 52.59% are from journals. Number of papers on New Record comes in first place with 20%.The Journal of Hattori Botany Lab. Comes in top in journal rank study which is a foreign journal followed by two Indian journals i.e. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany and the studied journal Nelumbo respectively.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CLINICAL SCENARIO

You are a physician following a 35-year-old man who has had active Crohn disease for 8 years. The symptoms were severe enough to require resectional surgery 4 years ago, and despite treatment with sulfasalazine and metronidazole, the patient has had active disease requiring oral steroids for the last 2 years. Repeated attempts to decrease the prednisone have failed, and the patient has required doses of greater than 15 mg per day to control symptoms. You are impressed by both the methods and results of a recent article1documenting that such patients benefit from oral methotrexate and suggest to the patient that he consider this medication. When you explain some of the risks of methotrexate, particularly potential liver toxicity, the patient is hesitant. How much better, he asks, am I likely to feel while taking this medication?

INTRODUCTION

There are 3 reasons we offer treatment to our patients.