jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DOES A PUBLIC SERVICE ETHIC ENCOURAGE ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR? PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION, ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE WILLINGNESS TO REPORT ETHICAL PROBLEMS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to advance our understanding of and confidence in the relationship between employee public service motivation ( PSM ) and ethical behaviour by testing the degree to which PSM predicts the ethical behaviour or behavioural intention of government employees. Building on previous research, we argue that government employees with higher PSM are not only more likely to internalize values that support public interests, they also are likely to be concerned less about the potential consequences that they may experience by reporting unethical conduct within their agencies. Using data collected through a survey from 477 employees working in a large state agency, we find that supervisors with higher PSM are more likely to be perceived by their subordinates as exhibiting ethical leadership, supervisors exhibiting higher ethical leadership are more likely to have subordinates with higher levels of PSM and that subordinates with higher PSM express a higher willingness to report unethical behaviour within their agency. We discuss implications of these findings for research on PSM .
Review of B-{anti B} mixing results

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A review of B-{anti B} mixing results at the end of July 1999 is presented. Emphasis is put on recent measurements of {Lambda} m{sub d} and {Lambda} m{sub s}. For {Lambda} m{sub d}, the new world average is {Lambda} m{sub d} = 0.473{+-}0.016 ps{sup {minus}1}. For {Lambda} m{sub s}, the new world average 95% CL limit is 12.4 ps{sup {minus}1}, with a sensitivity of 14.2 ps{sup {minus}1}. Other related results are covered very briefly.
Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by Green and Black Tea Extracts in LPS‐Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tea is produced from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant and is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea polyphenols are thought to have chemopreventive and cardioprotective effects due to their ability to suppress inflammation. The goal of this study is to measure markers of inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐ stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) to determine their effects on the inflammatory response. Tea phenolic contents were measured using the Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent (GT had a higher total phenol content than BT). Cell viability was assessed using the Trypan Blue and MTT assays. Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) concentration was determined by ELISA (GT and BT increased PGE 2 formation relative to controls.). The BCA assay was done to determine total protein concentration for Western blotting. The presence of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) will be detected with Western Blotting. Based on preliminary data, we predict that the teas will modify the inflammatory response, and that GT will have a greater effect than BT due to differences in tea composition. This project was supported by the State of North Carolina.
PDB: 2XWT, Crystal structure of TSH receptor in complex with human mAb autoantibody K1-70 (312K, 39°C, 200 ns): random seed #2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Crystal structure of TSH receptor in complex with human mAb autoantibody K1-70 (312K, 39°C, 200 ns), random seed #2. Includes PDBs obtained every 50 ns. Includes calculations of free binding energies.
<title>Transmission characteristics of sealed hollow waveguides for Er:YAG laser radiation and their application in the ophthalmology</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the last years, several types of hollow waveguides have been under development and, as proved, these waveguides can deliver radiation to the target with high transmittances. The problem appears in the case of the so-called 'contact mode' when, in medical applications, the end of the waveguide is in contact with the soft or hard tissues. The irradiated substance is melted or ablated and a part of this material usually destroys the inner surface of the waveguide end. To overcome these problems, the end of the hollow waveguide must be sealed .In this paper, the results with two types of sealed hollow waveguides prepared for the delivery of Er:YAG laser radiation were investigated. Sealing was conducted by a cap of short Pyrex or fused silica glass tube whose inner diameter was just slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow waveguide to be sealed. The transmittance of the fused silica cap connected with the hollow glass waveguide was measured to be 94%, Pyrex glass cap transmittance was found to be slightly smaller (78%). The damage output energy threshold of the cap material was found 750 mJ. This value was sufficiently high for using this sealed waveguides in the ophthalmology application.
A repetitive DNA-directed program of chromosome packaging during mitosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosomes,the longest molecular fiber that stores genetic information in eukaryotic cells,must be orderly packaged during mitosis for their proper segregation into daughter cells.Although the morphological changes of chromosomes during mitosis have been described in detail,how mitosis progression programs the transformation of seemingly amorphous and loose interphase chromosomes into highly characteristic mitotic chromosomes remains a classical problem in cell biology.Strikingly,the chromo-
News Usage Practices of Pakistani University Students in the Networked Media Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis aims to examine the News Usage practices of young Pakistani university students in the networked news media environment. The development of internet and its subsequent technologies have played a significant role in the transition from Mass Media towards Networked Media and this transition has directly influenced news usage practices. In Pakistan, almost 99% of the sample population of this research has mobile phones. The introduction of 3G and 4G mobile technologies in 2014 and recent ICT policy initiatives suggests that there are plans to subsidize smart phones in the country, which will further boost the digital environment. The news users in Pakistan now have more choices to follow news from multiple platforms and via multiple devices. There is a networked media ecosystem around users and it is continuously evolving and consequently transforming the news media institutions and the users’ news usage experience. The practice of using news is changing and transforming the user’s news usage experience but the available theoretical framework did not adequately address this, until the emergence of the ‘Theory of Mediatization’. The four main contributors to mediatization theory have been Lundby (2014) Hepp (2009), Hjarvard, (2008), Couldry (2008) and Krotz (2007) .Building on their contribution, and including the valuable addition by Winfried Schulz (2004), I am applying the framework of mediatization to a cohort of university students in Pakistan to investigate their changing news usage practices in the networked media environment. I have adopted a mixed method approach, following the double sequential loops method.
Giraffes and Okapis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This chapter offers essential drug information for giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) and okapis (Okapi johnstoni) in an easy-to-consult format. It provides dosing amounts for all important drugs, including antimicrobials, antifungals, analgesia, anethesia, sedation, antiparasitics and other. The drug doses are sorted by type and arranged alphabetically. Each dose is referenced with a journal or textbook source, including the number of animals in the study where available, making it easy to find trusted information. The chapter takes a tabular approach to find a referenced dose for these animals, eliminating time spent searching through other sources easily. It is an essential reference for all veterinarians seeing zoo and wild animal patients, including zoo and wildlife veterinarians, veterinary specialists, and veterinary students.
Accurate and Robust Locomotion Mode Recognition Using High-Density EMG Recordings from a Single Muscle Group

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing methods for human locomotion mode recognition often rely on using multiple bipolar electrode sensors on multiple muscle groups to accurately identify underlying motor activities. To avoid this complex setup and facilitate the translation of this technology, we introduce a single grid of high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) electrodes mounted on a single location (above the rectus femoris) to classify six locomotion modes in human walking. By employing a neural network, the trained model achieved average recognition accuracy of 97.7% with 160ms latency, significantly better than the model trained with one bipolar electrode pair placed on the same muscle (71.4% accuracy). To further exploit the spatial and temporal information of HDsEMG, we applied data augmentation to generate artificial data from simulated displaced electrodes, aiming to counteract the influence of electrode shifts. By employing a convolutional neural network with the enhanced dataset, the updated model was not strongly affected by electrode misplacement (93.9% accuracy) while models trained by bipolar electrode data were significantly disrupted by electrode shifts (29.4% accuracy). Findings suggest HDsEMG could be a valuable resource for mapping gait with fewer sensor locations and greater robustness. Results offer future promise for real-time control of assistive technology such as exoskeletons.
Mobile landmark recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Significant advances have been made in the field of computer vision, in particular Mobile Visual Search and the recognition of objects and places virtually through the development of feature detectors and descriptors. This project compares the performance of three key point detectors, Difference-of-Gaussians (DoG), Harris-Affine and Hessian-Affine detectors, based on repeatability, in the presence of image transformations, such as changes in viewpoint angle, scale, image blur, JPEG compression and illumination. The two more common matching algorithms, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF), are also compared in terms of matching and recognising the same scene using the same image data set. The experiment has found the Hessian-Affine detector and SURF to have the best performance.
Variation of Essential Oils in Selected Species of the Genus Echinacea Moench During Vegetation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have investigated the variation of essential oils in selected Echinacea species during the ontogenetic life of plants cultivated in three different locations. The contents of essential oil in the aerial and underground parts varied. The leaves and stems of E. purpurea were richer in essential oil, while E. sanguinea and E. species had relatively high essential oil contents in roots in the stage of biological maturity or in the prebud stage. With respect to climatic conditions, no significant differences in essential oil contents have been observed between particular locations.
Learning Speech Representations with Flexible Hidden Feature Dimensions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Non-parallel many-to-many voice conversion is a kind of style transfer task in speech. Recently, AutoVC has been applied in this field as a popular solution, as it can achieve distribution-matching style transfer by training only the re- construction loss. However, in order to strike a good balance between timbre disentanglement and sound quality, AutoVC requires imposing very strict constraints on the dimensionality of the latent representation. This constraint affects the quality of the converted speech while making it challenging to apply to other datasets directly. This paper proposes a new voice conversion framework that uses only one encoder to obtain timbre and content information by partitioning the latent space in the channel dimension. Furthermore, two different types of classifiers and two additional reconstruction losses are proposed to ensure that different parts of the latent space contain only separated content and timbre information, respectively. Experiments on the VCTK dataset show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art results in terms of the naturalness and similarity of converted speech. In addition, we experimentally show that for different division proportions of latent space, the content and timbre information will always be well separated.
Strategies to improve steering handling performance for steer-by-wire system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes SBW system structure and principle, establishes the dynamistic model of vehicle and SBW system. As is well known, the steering characteristics indicate handling performance on a vehicle and are important for safe driving, in this paper, a strategy to improve vehicle's stability and fast respond is proposed, which is based on ideal transmission ration and utilize yaw rate feedback to control steering. Simulations are carried out to show the validity of the proposed method.
First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria Infecting Noni in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is an important medicinal plant and its fruit and root are of high value. In recent years, noni has been cultivated widely on Hainan Island, China. A survey of eight commercial noni fields in four counties found that most fields had plants with symptoms consistent with damage caused by root-knot nematodes. Above-ground symptoms included reduced vigor, plant stunting, and chlorosis. Affected roots were galled, swollen, cracked, and rotten. Fruit loss associated with diseased plants was quantified as 85%. In each field, three samples were taken consisting of 15 cm wide × 20 cm deep soil (containing roots). The nematode population was extracted and quantified according to Barker (1). Nematodes were found in all soil and root samples with population densities ranging from 450 to 835 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2s) per 200 g subsample of soil, and 685 to 985 eggs and J2s per 10 g sub-sample of fresh roots. Three single egg masses were respectively hand-picked from one sample of diseased noni roots and inoculated onto tomato plants grown with sterilized soil at 20 to 28°C in the greenhouse. After 8 weeks, nematodes were extracted from the roots of tomato plants and identified by morphology, enzyme analysis, and molecular characterization. Morphology of the female perineal patterns showed a low dorsal arch with large lateral lines separating the striae of the dorsal and ventral sectors, leading to the tail terminus; and wavy, coarse striae with forking at lateral lines and short irregular striae near the lateral lines. Enzyme analysis of the esterase phenotype was also typical of the A1 phenotype in M. arenaria. Based on the perineal pattern and esterase phenotype, the Meloidogyne species was identified as M. arenaria (Est A1) (3). Total genomic DNA was extracted from ca. 10 μl of packed second-stage juveniles (J2s) using the method of Cenis (2). The primers C2F3 (5′-GGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG-3′) and 1108 (5′-TACCTTTGACCAATCACGCT-3′) (4) was used to amplify the intergenic region between COII and LrRNA genes of the mtDNA and an amplification product (1,700 bp) was obtained, similar to M. hispanica, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have been reported to be cause disease on noni in Hawaii. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria (Est A1) infecting noni in China. References: (1) K. R. Barker. Pp. 19 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Vol. II, Methodology. K. R. Barker et al. eds. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, 1985. (2) J. L. Cenis. Phytopathology 83:76,1993. (3) P. E. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 17:6,1990. (4) T. O. Power and T. S. Harris J. Nematol. 25:1,1993.
ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor: An exploring link to periodontal diseases

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: The presence or absence of blood group antigens has been associated with various diseases, with antigens also acting as receptors for infectious agents. Scanty literature is available in assessing the relative liability of blood group phenotypes to periodontal diseases. This research was conducted to determine the association of the ABO blood group and Rhesus (Rh) factor to periodontal diseases to assess whether they could be the predictors of periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,220 subjects aged between 20 and 55 years were selected on a random basis. The study populations were segregated into three groups according to Ramfjord′s periodontal disease index: Healthy, Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Blood samples were collected to identify the ABO blood groups and the Rh factor by the slide method. Results: Blood group A showed a significantly higher percentage in the gingivitis group and blood group O showed a higher percentage in the periodontitis group. The blood group AB showed the least percentage of periodontal diseases. The distribution of Rh factor in all groups showed a significantly higher distribution of Rh-positive. Conclusion: The genetic factors may alter the oral ecology and the process of periodontal disease. These data are suggestive of a broad correlation between periodontal diseases and blood groups, which may act as risk predictors for periodontal diseases. This will make it possible to better-understand the risk factors of diseases of the periodontal tissues and to predict the effective methods of prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.
Learning to teach with technology: authoring practised identities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the years there has been a strong urge to incorporate information and communications technology (ICT) in teaching practices; however, the pace of integration has been characterised as disappointing. Teachers' lack of competence, their resistance and lack of availability and stability of computers and infrastructure have been offered as explanations. The paper advocates sociocultural theory as a fruitful approach in the research on developing teaching practices with ICT. Empirical evidence from the discourses of student teachers and mentors during internship is used to illustrate how practised identities for teaching with ICTs emerge in action through processes of positioning and authoring. An enhanced understanding of the situated interplay of personal and institutional horizons for meaning making could be crucial for the development of programmes for learning to teach with ICT.
Live Fuel Moisture Estimation Using SMAP Soil Moisture and MODIS Vegetation Indices in Southern California, USA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Live fuel moisture (LFM) is a key fire risk indicator and is commonly used in fire behavior models. We compared eight widely used vegetation indices derived from MODIS reflectance and SMAP soil moisture on their capability to estimate LFM at 38 sites in Southern California, USA, a fire-prone Mediterranean ecosystem. Seasonality, inter-annual variability, or both were considered in our multivariate regression model construction. We found that VARI, a vegetation index calculated utilizing the reflectance from blue, green, and red bands performed the best among all remotely sensed moisture level indicators. SMAP soil moisture did not yield a good model performance mostly due to the great number of missing soil moisture retrievals in the data series. Frequency of LFM sampling also affected the model performance. The time lead of SMAP soil moisture to vegetation response can be a potential remotely-sensed predictor of LFM or an input to biophysical process model to retrieve LFM.
Role of sensory afferents in the myoelectric response to acute enteric inflammation in the rabbit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of sensory afferents in inflammation-induced alterations in myoelectric activity in vivo was investigated in the rabbit small intestine. Isolated ileal loops were implanted with serosal electrodes and exposed to ricin or vehicle after pretreatment with 125 mg/kg of subcutaneous (125 mg over 3 days) or intraluminal (640 microM) capsaicin. After 5 h of myoelectric recording, the loops were prepared for histology and for ex vivo generation of eicosanoids. Capsaicin exacerbated mucosal damage after exposure to ricin but did not alter neutrophil infiltration. Subcutaneous capsaicin alone elevated slow-wave frequency and spike events and transiently suppressed the myoelectric response to ricin. In contrast, intraluminal capsaicin alone did not alter myoelectric activity but produced a sustained inhibition of the response to ricin. Eicosanoid production was unchanged by capsaicin alone. Intraluminal capsaicin blocked increases in leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin E2 during inflammation, an effect that paralleled its inhibition of myoelectric activity. Thus the contribution of sensory afferents to altered motility during acute ileitis involves the release of mucosal inflammatory mediators that influence neural control of smooth muscle.
Physician-Patient Communication is Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Chronic Liver Disease Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients with chronic liver disease are at high risk for developing liver cancer. Factors associated with screening awareness and doctor-patient communication regarding liver cancer were examined. Study: Four hundred sixty-seven patients with chronic liver disease at a tertiary-care clinic participated in a phone survey regarding awareness of cancer screening, doctor-patient communication, and health behaviors. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for data on liver disease etiology and dates of liver imaging tests. Results: Seventy-nine percent of patients reported awareness of liver cancer screening, and 50% reported talking to their doctor about liver cancer. Patients with higher education, abstinence from alcohol, and liver cirrhosis were more likely to be aware of liver cancer screening ( P =0.06, 0.005, <0.0001). Whites, patients with higher education, and those with cirrhosis were more likely to talk to their doctor about liver cancer ( P =0.006; P =0.09, <0.0001). Awareness of liver cancer screening (79%) was similar to that of colorectal cancer screening (85%), lower than breast cancer screening (91%), and higher than prostate cancer screening (66%). Patients who were aware of liver cancer screening and reported talking to their doctor about liver cancer were significantly more likely to receive consistent liver surveillance (odds ratio, 4.81; 95% confidence interval, 2.62-8.84 and odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.28, respectively). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the importance of effective physician communication with chronic liver disease patients on the risks of developing liver cancer and the importance of regular screening, especially among nonwhites and patients with lower education.