jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel PROP1 and POU1F1 Mutations in Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) results from variations affecting the production and release of growth hormone (GH) and is of 2 types: isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). IGHD results from mutations in GH1 and GHRHR while CPHD is associated with defects in transcription factor genes PROP1, POU1F1, and HESX1. The present study reports on screening of POU1F1, PROP1, and HESX1 in CPHD patients and the novel variations identified. Fifty-one CPHD patients from 49 unrelated families clinically diagnosed on the basis of biochemical and imaging investigations along with 100 controls were enrolled. Detailed family history was noted from all participants and 5 ml blood samples drawn were processed for DNA isolation followed by direct sequencing of POU1F1, PROP1, and HESX1genes. Of the 51 patients, 8 were females and 43 were males. Mean height standard deviation score (SDS) and weight SDS were -5.50 and -2.76, respectively. Thirty-six of the 51 patients underwent MRI of which 9 (25%) had normal pituitary structure and morphology while 27 (75%) showed abnormalities. Molecular analysis revealed 10 (20%) patients to have POU1F1 and PROP1 mutations/variations of which 5 were novel and 2 previously reported. No mutations were identified in HESX1. The novel variations identified were absent in the 100 healthy individuals screened and the control database Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). Reported POU1F1 and PROP1 mutation hotspots were absent in our patients. Instead, novel POU1F1 changes were identified suggesting existence of a distinct mutation spectrum in our population.
Mechanical characterization of solder interconnections on functionalized, copper-containing polymer thick-film pastes for hybrid integration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, on different substrate materials thermally cured polymer thick-film (PTF) pastes are connected to surface mount technology resistors using a SnBiAg solder alloy. The effect of substrate pre-treatment with atmospheric plasma and thermal cycling on the shear strength of these interconnections is investigated, and the shear forces obtained are graded using United States Defense Standard / Military Standard (MIL-STD) 883. In particular, the build-up of solder interconnections on conductive structures made of commercially available copper-containing PTF pastes and their mechanical characterization is novel. As well as the mechanical characterization of conductive structures, made of PTF pastes, on plasma-treated substrates and their grading using the MIL-STD 883. In addition, interconnections with silver-containing conductive structures are realized for comparison. Depending on the interconnection system, component mean shear forces of up to 31 N are achieved. While some systems meet the 1.25× criterion of MIL-STD 883, the majority of the systems investigated do not meet the 1.00× criterion. Hereby, the adhesion between the conductive structure and the substrate usually fails. Plasma pre-treatment shows an adhesion-increasing effect only for a proportion of substrate materials used, as does thermal aging. But thermal loads can also impair the adhesive strength.
Physiology of a Pure Culture of Trichomonas vaginalis. I: Population in Relation to pH.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The effect of pH upon the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis is probably related to the problem of clinical control of the organism in cases of natural infection. This paper concerns the extremes of pH which will support growth in vitro and the optimum pH for the multiplication of the organism in bacteria-free culture. The culture medium used was Difco liver infusion agar slants overlaid with 5% human serum in modified Ringer's solution sterilized by filtration. The pH of both the agar slants and fluid medium was adjusted with N/1 HC1 and buffered with 0.25% sodium phosphate. The incubation temperature was 37.5 ± 1°C. The pH determinations were made with a glass electrode which was checked against two standard buffers. The organisms were counted in a hemocytometer after 2, 4, and 6 days of incubation. Each count included 10 large squares, having a total volume of 1 cu mm. Six cultures were examined at each pH except in those cases where extraneous circumstances reduced the number to 5. Only minor shifts in pH were observed during incubation and the experimental cultures did not vary markedly from the uninoculated control tubes. The greatest difference between experimental and control tubes was found to be 0.3 of 1 pH unit on the fourth day. Blood agar or chocolate agar plates were used to detect bacterial contamination at the conclusion of each experiment. Three cultures out of 305 used in 2 series and one subculture were found to be contaminated. Optimum growth after 2 days' incubation occurred between pH 5.45 and 5.55, while after 4 days it was between 5.5 and 5.8. The highest pH supporting growth after 4 days was 7.55, the lowest 4.9.
"IMPROPER AND DANGEROUS DISTINCTIONS": FEMALE RELATIONSHIPS AND EROTIC DOMINATION IN "EMMA"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Austen critic LeRoy W. Smith asserts that, contrary to traditional view, Austen does not avoid subject of sex in her fiction, that, in fact, is well aware of sexuality's powerful role in human behaviour.1 Similarly, in Sex and Sensibility, Jean H. Hagstrum warns readers of Jane Austen against allowing author's considerable modesty to obscure the real passion that seethes beneath controlled and witty surfaces of her novels.2 He points out that anyone so seemingly cool and rational has of course invited speculation about what is being kept out of sight (p. 269). The critical debate over Austen's novel Emma may be seen as a case in point. For years, critics of Emma have been circling around apparently disconcerting issue of protagonist's sexuality. Claudia Johnson finds that [determining com? mon denominator in much Emma criticism requires no particular cleverness. Emma offends sexual sensibilities of many of her critics. Transparently misogynist, sometimes even homophobic, subtexts often bob to surface of criticism about her.3 Johnson cites Edmund Wilson's ominous allusions and Marvin Mudrick' s dark hints (p. 123) about Emma's infatuations with and preference for other women as examples of unease aroused by this particular Austen heroine. In examining these critical responses, she con
Congenital dislocation of the hip

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter describes screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. The aim of screening is to prevent persistent hip dislocation (PHD). In PHD, the head of the femur remains located either totally outside the acetabulum or only partially within in. This causes increasing disability once the child begins to walk. Neonatal screening and treatment of those who test positive is widely practised but has been poorly evaluated. Its value remains uncertain, although observational studies suggest that it reduces the incidence of PHD when competently performed.
Management of structural scoliosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Postural scoliosis is not a true deformity but is simply a habit stance that disappears with change of position; there is no anatomical abnormality and only reassurance is required. Compensatory curve-This also is not a true spinal deformity, but an abnormal posture to compensate for a real deformity elsewhere, usually unequal leg lengths that tilt the pelvis so that the spine must curve to preserve the upright stance. The scoliosis disappears when the underlying deformity is neutralised-that is, by a raise under the short leg-though after many years fixed structural changes may develop. Treatment is directed at the primary abnormality. Structural scoliosis, by contrast, shows anatomical changes in the spine and persists in all positions. Furthermore, the spine is rotated as well as curved, and, although we define scoliosis as lateral curvature, rotation causes much of the deformity and may appear first. The vertebrae rotate about a vertical axis so that the bodies face the convex side of the curve, and the trunk structures, rotating with the spine, Normal Scoliotic
Progress towards the redefinition of the kilogram: Measurements of Planck&#x2019;s constant using watt balances

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The watt balance compares electrical power and mechanical power to determine Planck's constant h in SI units. If the definition of the kilogram in the SI is altered to fix the value of Planck's constant this will remove the last artefact standard from the SI and the watt balance will provide a way to realise the SI mass unit. At present there are three operational watt balances, with more planned or under construction. Two laboratories, NIST and NPL, have published results from their experiments. These results differ significantly and further work is required to discover the source of the discrepancy.
Managing Stoke: Crowding, Conflicts, and Coping Among Virginia Beach Surfers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The popularity of the sport of surfing has created challenges for managers in the U.S. and Australia, where surfing has been popular for many decades. The high number of surfers in many coastal urban areas results in crowded surf breaks, which can lead to injuries, conflicts and dissatisfaction for surfers, many of whom dislike crowds. However, managers often relegate surfers to limited areas of the beach in order to accommodate tourists during the peak summer season. There is limited empirical research on the impact of these regulations on surfers’ experiences. Crowding, conflict, and coping strategies have been studied extensively in the outdoor recreation field; however, research is lacking on surfers as a user group. This study aims to fill those gaps. Virginia Beach is a major mass tourism destination but also draws a significant number of surfers throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to examine crowding, conflicts and coping strategies among surfers at Virginia Beach. This study provides important insights into surfers’ experiences during the peak summer season in Virginia Beach (N = 407). Analyses include frequencies and ANOVA. Results indicated that surfers in two main designated surfing areas (DSAs) perceived significantly higher levels of crowding than surfers in other areas. These two DSAs also had significantly higher levels of risks and conflicts than other areas. The main coping strategies surfers used to avoid conflict included surfing at different times (e.g., before or after the regulations went into effect, or when red flags were flown) and surfing places other than Virginia Beach’s oceanfront, such as Sandbridge or the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Results from this study could inform beach management decision-making. Recommendations include the designation of additional surfing areas by the City of Virginia Beach, or the expansion of existing DSAs in order to accommodate a larger number of surfers. While risks and conflicts were higher in the two main DSAs, the level of occurrence was not high. Therefore, the minor modifications suggested could address current problems and prevent higher levels of risks and conflicts in the future. Subscribe to JPRA
Argentina - Measures Relating to Trade in Goods and Services

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

On 12 December 2012, Panama requested consultations with Argentina with respect to certain measures imposed by Argentina that affect trade in goods and services. Panama alleges that various Argentine measures are applied exclusively in respect of certain countries listed in the Regulations to the Income/Profit Tax Law, Decree 1344/98, as amended by Decree 1037/00. Panama claims that the measures are inconsistent with: - Articles II:1, XI, XVI and footnote 8, and XVII of the GATS; and - Articles I:1, III:2, III:4 and XI:1 of the GATT 1994. On 21 December 2012, the European Union requested to join the consultations. On 28 December 2012, the United States requested to join the consultations.
A heterogeneous multiscale MPFA method for single-phase flows in porous media with inertial effects

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Upscaling of flow from pore to Darcy scale is a long-standing research field within flow in porous media. It is well known that non-linearities can occur in near-well regions and high-porosity or fractured media. At the same time, the upscaled non-linear effects associated with high flow rates are hard to quantify a priori with single-scale models. Advances in pore-scale imaging combined with increased computational have made flow simulations in small pore-scale domain feasible, but computations on domains larger than at most a few centimeters are still elusive. In this work, we present a multiscale simulation framework that automatically adapts to non-linear effects as they arise. We formulate a control volume heterogeneous multiscale method (CVHMM) by coupling of a Darcy-scale control volume method with a constitutive relation that is captured based on the fine-scale physics. While the CVHMM formulation works with arbitrary upscaled laws, we emphasize its ability to be applied in fully discrete multiscale context, in particular when a finite element solver is used for solving Navier-Stokes equations on the fine-scale pore geometry. Previous versions of CVHMM are consistent only when the coarse grid is aligned with the upscaled permeability. Herein, we generalize CVHMM by introducing a new coarse solver, thus significantly improving the applicability of the method. The presented method is applied to study flow in near-well regions, as well as media with fractures and irregular grain shapes. The examples show that the method successfully copes with general grids and pore geometries and handles flows with varying degree of non-linearities even outside the domain of applicability of classical upscaled models. In terms of computational efficiency, the method seamlessly localizes computations to regions where non-linear effects are important.
A single-photon source for quantum networking

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) with single atoms and single photons provides a promising route toward scalable quantum information processing (QIP) and computing. A strongly coupled atom-cavity system should act as a universal quantum interface, allowing the generation and storage of quantum information. This thesis describes the realisation of an atom-cavity system used for the production and manipulation of single photons. These photons are shown to exhibit strong sub-Poissonian statistics and indistinguishability, both prerequisites for their use in realistic quantum systems. Further, the ability to control the temporal shape and internal phase of the photons, as they are generated in the cavity, is demonstrated. This high degree of control presents a novel mechanism enabling the creation of arbitrary photonic quantum bits.
A deep convolutional neural network for automated vestibular disorder classification using VNG analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dizziness is a frequent syndrome of peripheral vestibular lesions. Identification of nystagmus disorder can be a useful sign to discriminate between diverse vestibular diseases. Through the use of videonystagmography (VNG) device accomplished in the clinical practice of ENT department, the assessment of the rotation eye movement response supplies objective, consistent and precise measurements in the therapeutic scheme. In fact, vestibular dysfunctions introduce an important variety in their features which includes different complications for common VNG examination method. This work introduces a new scheme to reach the classification of eye movement signals from optokinetic and caloric VNG tests. The proposed method offers quantitative assessment and uniform characteristics of recurrent-included disease. The rotation angle of eye movements is classified into two classes of vestibular diseases by the use of deep convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique. The proposed approach is validated on three different categories: a factual incorporated meniere, neurite and healthy subjects. The employed VNG dataset contain patients admitted into both Charles Nicolle and La Rabta hospitals of Tunis. Compared to previous works, the results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based method is efficient in enhancing dizziness analysis.
The Effect of Government Regulations on Overall Economic Well Being in India (1995-2020)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Barriers to trade and other market regulations have long been thought to inhibit the ability of aNation’s economy to grow and prosper. We test this hypothesis using a multiple regression model and data from The Heritage Foundation and World Bank related to trade freedom and general economic regulation on a country to fully discern the impact of governmental regulation on a country’s GDP per capita. We find that GDP per capita rises significantly as a India’s business freedom and trade freedom grow. This provides strong confirmation for our hypothesis that deregulated economies experience higher levels of economic prosperity as measured by GDP per capita than their regulated counterparts and indicates that a market-specific look shouldbe taken to fully understand the nuances of the results of different types of economic regulation.
ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ITS FORMATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The economic security of a country depends on the function and level of development of the economic system, including all components of relations and interdependence. Due to the lack of a scientifically sound national development strategy based on the guiding principles of economic security, negative economic phenomena are becoming more frequent, which creates conditions for developing theoretical foundations and using other scientific methods in public administration to form economic security. Avoiding economic security will lead to negative socio-economic consequences, negative economic conditions, increased dependence on imports, and so on. Therefore, it is important to study the factors affecting the economic security of the country, which are systematized by different areas of development. Goal. Analysis of the achievements of economic security of the state through the study of factors influencing it, in accordance with certain areas of its development; substantiation of the factor of investment and innovation security as a factor of economic security of the state. Method (methodology). Scientific research was conducted through analysis and synthesis in order to study the state and achievements of economic security of the state; tabular and graphical methods for visual presentation of the material. The results. The level of economic security is systematized in the article. The periodicity of development of national economic security of the state in different conditions of its formation is studied. The stages of development of economic security of Ukraine are analyzed. The definition and importance of economic security of the state are confirmed. The need to improve the state of economic security of the state in order to accelerate the exit of our country from the protracted socio-economic and political crisis was emphasized. The essence of the model of economic security with further creation of preconditions for introduction and maintenance of economic security at the state level is specified. The own explanation of the term "economic security of the state" is made. It is proposed to create an effective system of economic security, which will avoid negative consequences, eliminate the threat of rapid opening of the national economy in the context of globalization, to ensure its competitiveness. It is proposed to create a new factor of economic security and introduce it into the structure of state economic security, in order to increase state capital.
Biocontrol of larvae of dengue vector Aedes aegypti (L.) Using fresh seed extract of some selected indigenous plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present study was conducted to control dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti using environmentally safe biological materials, the seeds of some selected indigenous plants under laboratory condition. Here test plants were Anacardium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Corchorus capsularis, Momordica charantia, Swietenia mahagoni and Terminalia catappa. For this late 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.) were exposed to different concentrations (5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 1%) of aquatic extract of fresh seeds of 6 selected plants. After 24 hours of exposure highest mortality (95%) observed in crude seed extract of Corchorus capsularis followed by 90% mortality in crude extract of Anacardium occidentale and Swietenia mahagoni, 75% in Azadirachta indica, 60% in Terminalia catappa respectively. Lowest mortality observed in Momordica charantia killing 50% larvae after 24 hours of exposure. Among all the test plants minimum LC50 value was recorded in fresh seed extract of Corchorus capsularis (1.020) followed by Anacardium occidentale (1.44), Azadiracta indica (2.44), Swietenia mahagoni (3.11), Terminalia catappa (3.78) and Momordica charantia (5.47) after 24 hours of exposure. Among all the test plants crude seed extract of Corchorus capsularis was observed most toxic against late 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti having LC50 (1.02, 0.78 and 0.59), Lc90 (4.74, 3.30 and 2.27) and LC95 (5.96, 4.47 and 3.32) values after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure respectively. From the above study, it can be said that plant seeds might contain certain phytochemicals that can be used in controlling Aedes mosquitoe larvae is an ideal environmental healthy approach.
[Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Evaluation of clinical and prognostic factors].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ten patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) were admitted to our ICU during the last 7 years. The mean age at entry was 26 month old. Only one child was more than 2 years of age. A greater incidence of this illness was noted during the summer season. Almost all cases (90%), were severe with arterial hypertension and requiring peritoneal dialysis. HUS is a multisystemic disorder with early renal involvement, but the possibility of other sites being affected must be kept in mind. Half of the patients presented extrarenal manifestations of disease, including: seizures (30%), colonic ischemia requiring intestinal resection, and heart failure with lung edema due to severe hypertension. The two parameters that were helpful in determining the prognosis were the interval of renal insufficiency (greater than 14 days) and neurologic impairment, with the later being of most importance.
Non-linear control of a paralleled half-bridge complementary-control converter system with a single-wire current sharing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes the design of a non-linear control of paralleled half-bridge with complementary-control (HBCC) converters. A large-signal model of the paralleled system is presented in order to deduce the non-linear control structure that is applied to the converters. Current sharing among converters is achieved by using a single-wire current-share scheme. The control behavior of the system has been tested with proper simulations for the paralleled system.