jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Preoperative Imaging for Midline Congenital Upper Lip Sinus Tracts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To describe 3 cases of midline congenital upper lip sinus (MCULS) and review current literature to inform risk of intracranial involvement in the context of this rare congenital facial anomaly. Materials and Methods: A limited case series with chart review is presented. A literature search was conducted to review proposed theories of the embryology of MCULS and to determine the relative frequency of cephalic extension. Results: Including the 3 new cases presented herein, there have been 42 cases of MCULS described in the literature over the past 53 years. Thirty-nine cases (93%) underwent surgical excision, with 2 of these cases (4.7%) demonstrating cephalic extension of the fistula tract beyond the maxillary crest with termination at the anterior skull base. However, 95% (37/39) of surgically excised MCULS cases demonstrated a more limited depth of extension, with termination of the tract at or below the anterior nasal spine. Conclusions: The MCULS anomaly is rare, with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. Only 2 cases have been described with extension of the MCULS superior to the anterior nasal spine and into the nasal septum. It is the authors’ opinion that preoperative neuroimaging is not routinely required for MCULS. However, if extension of the sinus tract beyond the anterior nasal spine is noted intraoperatively, the surgeon should consider aborting the case and obtaining appropriate neuroimaging.
ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of mono- and multi-(ADP-ribosylated) choleragen.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Choleragen (cholera toxin) catalyzed the NAD-dependent auto-ADP-ribosyltation of its A1 peptide. The number of ADP-ribose moieties incorporated into ech A1 peptide was dependent on incubation conditions and time as well as toxin concentration. There was no evidence for the formation of poly(ADP-ribosylated) toxin. The formation of mono- and multi-(ADP-ribosylated) A1 peptides was prevented by the addition of arginine, an alternative ADP-ribose acceptor. Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated the A1 peptide of choleragen from the B complex and multi-(ADP-ribosylated) A1 peptides from unmodified A1. The A1 peptides ADP-ribosylated in the presence of [32P]NAD contained approximately 1, 2, or 3 ADP-ribose molecules/23,500-dalton units; under the conditions used for electrophoresis, the mobilities of the A1 peptides were enhanced by incorporation of ADP-ribose. The mono- and multi-(ADP-ribosylated) A1 peptides catalyzed the NAD-dependent ADP-ribosylation of arginine methyl ester. The turnover numbers of the mono- and multi-(ADP-ribosylated) A1 peptides were consistently 30 to 50% higher than that of the A1 peptide from native toxin.
[The investigation of bioadhesive property of carbomer 934 by gamma camera in vivo].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study bioadhesive property of carbomer 934 in dog alimentary tract, carbomer 934 and ethylcellulose were radiolabelled with technetium-99 m. The gastrointestinal emptying rate of these materials was measured by the technique of gamma scintiscan. The results showed that the empty rate of adhesive material (carbomer 934) was remarkably slower in dog alimentary tract compared to nonadhesive material (ethylcellulose). It is concluded that, in dog, the interaction between gastrointestinal mucus layer and adhesive material or nonadhesive material was significantly different. Carbomer 934 had stronger bioadhesive property in vivo than that of ethylcellulose.
Quality assurance in radiotherapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Extract The only real mistake is the one from which we learn nothing.John Powell, composer Introduction A radical radiotherapy dose of 70Gy is over 3,500 times the 20mSv annual limit of exposure for a worker, and around 10 to 15 times the whole body fatal dose that might be received, from a nuclear accident or weapon detonation. The twin factors of fractionation and restriction of exposure by collimation and targeting in radiotherapy permit effective use of this lethal potential, and as accuracy in delivery also increases are now allowing study of the effectiveness of even higher ‘dose escalation’ regimes. Nevertheless the potential for damage to the patient is high and as techniques have become more complex the scope for a procedural or systematic error have increased. As the delivery has become less transparent to the user, control has increasingly come to rely on computer management and a procedural system of control...
Dietary fatty acid profiling in plant protein‐rich diets affects the reproductive performance, egg fatty acid profile and haematological parameters in female rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of dietary fish oil (FO) substitution with blends of vegetal oils (VO: canola, linseed, olive, sunflower, corn and coconut oils) in plant protein‐rich diets on reproductive performance and fatty acid dynamics of embryos was evaluated in female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brooders (1.8 ± 0.1 kg). Four diets were formulated in which 20% (FO80/VO20), 50% (FO50/VO50), 75% (FO25/VO75) and 100% (VO100) of FO were replaced by mixture of VO. The above‐mentioned diets were administered for a short period prior to spawning (3 months). Fish fed the VO100 had the lowest fertilization rate (81.3 ± 2.3), whereas brooders fed the FO80/VO20 diet had the lowest survival rates at eyed embryo stage (83.7 ± 1.6%) and hatching rate (79.9 ± 3.1%). The fatty acid dynamics of embryos were not only affected by embryonic developmental stages, but also they were influenced by the dietary fatty acid profile. Our study confirmed that using blends of different VO sources and FM residual fat in the FO25/VO75 for the short‐term period prior to spawning seemed to be a good strategy in terms of successful reproduction for sparing high levels of FM and FO in diet of O. mykiss brooders.
Morphological study on periadventitial adipose tissue of the aortic arch in a rabbit model of obesity: Preliminary results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of obesity on some morphological features of periad-ventitial adipose tissue in the aortic arch region. Twelve male white New Zealand rabbits were di-vided into two groups of 6 animals each: non-castrated non-obese and castrated-obese. Immediately after the rabbits were sacrificed samples from the aortic arch were collected, fixed in 10% neutral formalin for 24 hours, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Five µm sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Light microscopy of histological preparations from the aortic arch in the 2 groups showed that the periadventitial adipose tissue was represented of two fat depots. In the castrated and obese rabbits they were of bigger size compared with the lean animals. These greater fat depots were associated with hypertrophy of the adipocytes and increased number of blood vessels. The adipocytes of the fat depots from the two groups were unilocular and had the morphological characteristics of white adipose tissue. It may be concluded that obesity leads to increased mass of periadventitial adipose tissue, adipocytes hypertrophy and angiogenesis in the aortic arch.
Prenatal exposure to influenza and the development of schizophrenia: is the effect confined to females?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The question of whether prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics is associated with an increased risk of later schizophrenia remains controversial. The authors examined this relationship, using data on the dates of birth and gender of 3,827 schizophrenic patients born in England and Wales between 1938 and 1965 and first admitted to hospitals in the 1980s, the numbers of live births between 1938 and 1965, and the numbers of deaths attributed to influenza between 1937 and 1965. The analysis showed that females, but not males, exposed to influenza epidemics 5 months before birth had a significantly greater rate of adult schizophrenia.
On the origin of the fluctuations in the length of day and in the geomagnetic field on a decadal time scale

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

There is, at present, strong evidence that on a decadal time scale the excess length of day variations are caused by the exchange of angular momentum between the liquid core and the solid mantle. Nevertheless the mechanism which facilitates the momentum exchange is still not understood. In the present work a mechanism by which the magnetospheric equatorial ring current system controls the momentum exchange is introduced, some empirical insights about that mechanism are obtained from relevant data and the magnitudes of the involved magnetic fields are evaluated from these data.
The low regularity global solutions for the critical generalized KdV equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that the Cauchy problem of the mass-critical generalized KdV\nequation is globally well-posed in Sobolev spaces $H^s(\\R)$ for $s>6/13$. Of\ncourse, we require that the mass is strictly less than that of the ground state\nin the focusing case. The main approach is the "I-method" together with the\nmultilinear correction analysis. Moreover, we use some "partially refined"\nargument to lower the upper control of the multiplier in the resonant\ninteractions. The result improves the previous works of Fonseca, Linares, Ponce\n(2003) and Farah (2009).\n
129 Development of a Post-Op Analgesic Regimen for Patients Undergoing Local Anaesthetic Hand Trauma Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Post-operative pain was a recurrent issue reported at the dressing clinic following local anaesthetic (LA) hand surgery at our regional centre. In the absence of a local protocol, we aimed to standardise advice and analgesic prescriptions following LA hand surgery to observe whether pain could be more optimally managed. Method In cycle 1, day 1 and 7 pain scores were recorded for ∼30 patients using a validated visual analogue scale (VAS). In cycle 2, an analgesia advice leaflet and standardised prescription were provided, and the same data points were collected, with the addition of day 0 (evening of surgery). Results Cycle 1 revealed generally high day 1 pain scores (M = 5.91/10). Day 7 scores were considered acceptable (M = 2.16). There was no significant difference in pain scores when we compared fracture fixation to soft tissue surgery (p= 0.64), and patients prescribed codeine versus those with paracetamol alone (p = 0.53). Most patients provided with codeine did not co-administer paracetamol and ibuprofen (n = 14, 70%). A large proportion of patients were only taking analgesia PRN rather than regularly for prophylaxis (n=12, 43.75%). In cycle 2, all patients were provided with codeine 30–60mg PRN QDS and the advice leaflet. Day 1 pain scores (3.43) were significantly lower for cycle 2 than cycle 1 (p &lt; .00001). Conclusions Codeine, paracetamol and ibuprofen taken regularly and correctly can be effective in managing pain post-operatively for LA hand surgery patients. Information sheets can be an effective means of facilitating this.
The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in the Indian region, with notes on the application and typification of the name Cycas circinalis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Hill, K. D.: The genus Cycas (Cycadacae) in the Indian region, with notes on the application and typification of the name Cycas circinalis. – Taxon 44: 23‐31. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262. Diagnostic features of the Indian cycads are discussed, and a key is presented to the cycads of the Indian region. Cycas circinalis is shown to be an Indian endemic species, with two varieties.
Efficacy of Tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day in Relieving Double-J Stent-Related Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study evaluated the efficacy of tamsulosin in improving stent-related symptoms and quality of life in patients with in-dwelling double-J ureteral stents. A total of 42 patients (15 males and 27 females) with ureteral stent placement following ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or balloon dilatation, were prospectively randomized into two groups of 21 patients. Group I received 0.4 mg tamsulosin once daily for 4 weeks and group II was a non-placebo, non-treatment control. All patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and SF-36 questionnaires at 2 and 4 weeks post-operatively. The IPSS scores for irritative and obstructive symptoms were significantly lower in group I than group II at both 2 and 4 weeks. Among the eight domains of SF-36, role limitation due to physical health and bodily pain was significantly better in group I at 2 and 4 weeks. General health was also significantly better in group I at 2 weeks. Tamsulosin improved both urinary symptoms and quality of life without causing serious side-effects.
Sistem Jakarta Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Siswa-Siswi Terbaik dengan Metode SAW (Simple Additive Weigthing) pada Sekolah SMP Negeri 16

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The selection of the best students in schools is essential to recognize both academic and non-academic achievements and to motivate other students to improve their skills. SMP Negeri 16 Jakarta requires an objective decision support system to select the best students based on predefined criteria. This study aims to design and implement a decision support system using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to facilitate the selection of the best students at SMPN 16 Jakarta. The SAW method is chosen due to its capability to accommodate multiple criteria through weighting and ranking for each alternative. The research process involves observation, interviews, and documentation, which are then used to determine primary criteria such as academic achievement, social skills, and participation in school activities. The findings show that the application of the SAW method enables a more accurate and objective selection of the best students by ranking based on the final score of each criterion. This system is expected to assist SMPN 16 Jakarta in making more structured decisions and supporting educational quality improvement.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Operationalization of Usability in Urban Pluvial Flooding Climate Services and the Influence of Contextual Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Extreme weather impacts due to climate change, such as urban pluvial flooding, necessitate adaptive measures. To support decision making in climate adaptation, climate services provide information and guidance to policy makers and other stakeholders. Effective use of climate services is prohibited by usability gaps. Some causes for these gaps originate from contextual factors. However, these factors are not well understood within academic literature. Therefore, our systematic review has two research questions: (1) What dimensions of climate service usability are considered in the design and evaluation of their use and how are these operationalized?; and (2) What contextual influences may affect these identified dimensions? To this end, we analyzed 51 articles that cover one or more urban pluvial flooding climate services. Our results show several overarching categories of usability dimensions (functionality, ease of use, reducing time and effort, reliability, matching user needs, and other). However, these dimensions are not always fully operationalized by authors. Furthermore, our results show that most contextual factors originate from the meso level (within or between organizations), and in lesser extent the macro (e.g., national policies) and micro level (individual users). Here especially organizational (e.g., Does the climate service fit organizational work approaches?); and process factors (e.g., Was the climate service co‐produced?) have been shown to affect usability. We conclude that more attention should be given to usability as a concept within the design and evaluation of climate services well as to the influence of contextual influences.
Timing control of impulse self balancing latch opening of expansion wave gun

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aiming at the problem of accurate latch opening control of expansion wave gun automatic gun, the mathematical model of accurate latch opening time is established, the travel curve of projectile and expansion wave, the velocity curve of projectile and expansion wave are studied, and the occurrence time of expansion wave and the time close to projectile are simulated and analyzed; The time-space evolution relationship between expansion wave velocity and local sound velocity, projectile velocity and gas velocity is simulated; The average pressure time curve and chamber resultant force curve of the two launch modes are compared and analyzed. After the projectile moves for 2.7ms, the chamber pressure and chamber resultant force of expansion wave launch are significantly reduced; The dynamic model of inertial latch opening is established; The changes of projectile initial velocity and recoil force under different latch opening times are studied. The test shows that the recoil force and recoil distance are greatly reduced when the projectile initial velocity decreases very weakly, which shows that the simulation calculation of latch opening time is accurate.
The role of woody species in managing food shortage in Burkina Faso

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Au Burkina Faso, les menages ruraux connaissent une periode de soudure alimentaire qui survient en debut de saison des pluies et s’etend jusqu’aux nouvelles recoltes. Durant cette periode, les populations ont recours aux plantes a feuilles, fruits, fleurs ou tubercules comestibles. En vue de contribuer a la satisfaction des besoins alimentaires de ces populations, la culture de ces plantes est necessaire ; ce qui suppose leur identification. La presente etude qui s’est deroulee dans la zone sahelo-soudanienne a pour objectif global de contribuer a l’amelioration de la securite alimentaire des populations. Elle a pour objectifs specifiques : i) d’identifier les especes ligneuses qui interviennent dans l’alimentation des populations de deux localites en periode de soudure ; ii) d’identifier les especes prioritaires entrant dans la gestion de cette soudure ; et iii) de determiner leurs formes de valorisation. La collecte des informations a ete effectuee a l’aide d’un questionnaire semi-structure complete par des entretiens avec des informateurs cles et des exercices de classification preferentielle des especes utilisees. Les resultats montrent que la strategie la plus utilisee pour affronter la periode de soudure est la consommation des fruits, feuilles et fleurs d’especes ligneuses locales. Au total, 9 especes a Pobe-Mengao et 13 especes a Nobere ont ete citees. Boscia senegalensis, Balanites aegyptiaca et Leptadenia hastata a Pobe-Mengao et Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa et Lannea microcarpa a Nobere sont mentionnees comme especes de soudure prioritaires. Dans le contexte d’incertitude climatique, il parait urgent de conserver les plantes utilisees par des actions de protection et de domestication.
Counseling and social justice advocacy interventions with refugees: Two case studies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCCs) illustrate the need for counselors to act as social justice advocates. The significant influx of refugees in the United States and the sociopolitical nature of their resettlement necessitate practical multicultural and social justice counseling competencies. Using two case studies, the authors apply the four levels and four competencies of the MSJCCs and provide multicultural and social justice interventions on three levels: interpersonal, community, and public policy.
A randomized clinical trial of silver diamine fluoride to arrest early childhood caries in young children

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to arrest early childhood caries (ECC) in very young children randomized to three different application frequency groups (regimens) Methods: Children with active dentinal carious lesions (ICDAS 5 or 6) in primary teeth without any signs of pulpal involvement were randomized into three different application frequency groups; 1, 4, or 6 months apart. Children underwent treatment with 38% SDF at baseline visit and again at a second visit. Treated lesions were assessed at the second and third visits to determine arrest success. Participants were considered completely successful (CS) if all treated lesions were arrested and incompletely successful (IS) if at least one lesion was not arrested. Statistical analyses included descriptive and bivariate analyses. A p value ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: A total of 84 children with 486 carious lesions were recruited into the study with 28 children in each group. The overall proportion of completely successful treated children at visit 2 and final visit were 40% and 68% respectively. Results of McNemar’s test showed a significant increase in complete success from 40% at second visit to 68% at visit 3 (p-value <0.001) across all groups for 84 study participants. Within each group, significant improvement in complete success at child-level was also noted with p-values of 0.041,0.023 and 0.004 for Regimen 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Participants in one month group showed a change of complete success from 36% at second visit to 71% at third visit (p-value 0.004). No significant differences were noted between the groups at second visit and final visit (p >0.05) Conclusions: Findings in this study suggested that two applications of SDF at different frequencies showed similar frequency of successfully treated cases at the child level. No difference was noted in success rates comparing three groups either at second or third visit. Results from our study were statistically insignificant when comparing the arrest rates at child level between three groups at both visits. Further analysis should investigate lesion arrest rates between the treatment groups.