jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity of propolis and Echinacea purpurea

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare total phenolics and total flavonoides, and antioxidant capacity of propolis and Echinacea purpurea ethanol extracts. Methods: Propolis and dried Echinacea purpurea extracts were obtained by extraction methods. The extracts were tested for total phenol and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Results: The content of total phenolics and total flavonoids of propolis were found to be higher than Echinacea . The E.purpurea extract exhibited nearly 10 times lower antioxidant content in comparison with the propolis extracts. The 70% ethanol extract of propolis presented maximum antioxidant content, and the IC 50 concentration was found to be higher in the 96% ethanol extract. However, both of the propolis extracts exhibited similar antioxidant activities. Conclusions: In the present study, the extracts of Echinacea purpurea and propolis were studied as sources of natural antioxidants. The results from the antioxidant assays show that all extracts can act as radical scavengers to a certain extent. They exhibit potent antioxidant activity in different solvent concentrations. Further studies in this area are in progress. © 2014 GESDAV
Purification, Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Marine Brown Algae Durvillaea antarctica

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An immunomodulatory polysaccharide (DAP4) was extracted, purified, and characterized from Durvillaea antarctica. The results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the polysaccharide was a fucoidan, and was mainly composed of (1→3)-α-l-Fucp and (1→4)-α-l-Fucp residues with a small degree of branching at C-3 of (1→4)-α-l-Fucp residues. Sulfate groups were at C-4 of (1→3)-α-l-Fucp, C-2 of (1→4)-α-l-Fucp and minor C-6 of (1→4)-β-d-Galp. Small amounts of xylose and galactose exist in the forms of β-d-Xylp-(1→ and β-d-Gal-(1→. The immunomodulatory activity of DAP4 was measured on RAW 264.7 cells, the results proved that DAP4 exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activities, such as promoted the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, increased NO production, as well as enhanced phagocytic of macrophages. Besides, DAP4 could also produce better enhancement on the vitality of NK cells. For the high immunomodulatory activity, DAP4 might be a potential source of immunomodulatory fucoidan with a novel structure.
Intelligent Building System Optimal Scheduling Based on Residential Electricity Characteristic

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to dig deep into the electric energy scheduling potential of building systems, this paper proposes a building energy storage system topology with dynamic reconfigurable battery network architecture. Firstly, the dispatchable margin index of controllable load in intelligent buildings is established by analyzing residents' electricity consumption characteristics. On this basis, based on the residents' electricity comfort and the actual schedulable margin of the building system during this period, an optimal scheduling model with the minimum daily operating cost of the building system is constructed. Finally, the IEEE 33-node distribution network system is taken as an example system, and the fast group search optimization algorithm (FCSO) is applied to solve and analyze the proposed model. The experimental results show that the model can effectively improve the energy consumption of new energy and reduce the power fluctuation of the building load.
Guiding of Laser Beams in Plasmas by Radiation Cascade Compression

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The near‐resonant heatwave excitation of an electron plasma wave (EPW) can be employed for generating trains of few‐fs electromagnetic pulses in rarefied plasmas. The EPW produces a co‐moving index grating that induces a laser phase modulation at the beat frequency. Consequently, the cascade of sidebands red‐ and blue‐shifted from the fundamental by integer multiples of the beat frequency is generated in the laser spectrum. When the beat frequency is lower than the electron plasma frequency, the phase chirp enables laser beatnote compression by the group velocity dispersion [S. Kalmykov and G. Shvets, Phys. Rev. E 73, 046403 (2006)]. In the 3D cylindrical geometry, the frequency‐downshifted EPW not only modulates the laser frequency, but also causes the pulse to self‐focus [P. Gibbon, Phys. Fluids B 2, 2196 (1990)]. After self‐focusing, the multi‐frequency laser beam inevitably diverges. Remarkably, the longitudinal beatnote compression can compensate the intensity drop due to diffraction. A train of high‐intensity radiation spikes with continually evolving longitudinal profile can be self‐guided over several Rayleigh lengths in homogeneous plasmas. High amplitude of the EPW is maintained over the entire propagation length. Numerical experiments on the electron acceleration in the cascade‐driven (cascade‐guided) EPW [using the code WAKE by P. Mora and T. M. Antonsen Jr., Phys. Plasmas 4, 217 (1997)] show that achieving GeV electron energy is possible under realistic experimental parameters.
Intravital imaging of podocyte calcium in glomerular injury and disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺]i) signaling mediates physiological and pathological processes in multiple organs, including the renal podocyte; however, in vivo podocyte [Ca²⁺]i dynamics are not fully understood. Here we developed an imaging approach that uses multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to directly visualize podocyte [Ca²⁺]i dynamics within the intact kidneys of live mice expressing a fluorescent calcium indicator only in these cells. [Ca²⁺]i was at a low steady-state level in control podocytes, while Ang II infusion caused a minor elevation. Experimental focal podocyte injury triggered a robust and sustained elevation of podocyte [Ca²⁺]i around the injury site and promoted cell-to-cell propagating podocyte [Ca²⁺]i waves along capillary loops. [Ca²⁺]i wave propagation was ameliorated by inhibitors of purinergic [Ca²⁺]i signaling as well as in animals lacking the P2Y2 purinergic receptor. Increased podocyte [Ca²⁺]i resulted in contraction of the glomerular tuft and increased capillary albumin permeability. In preclinical models of renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, high podocyte [Ca²⁺]i correlated with increased cell motility. Our findings provide a visual demonstration of the in vivo importance of podocyte [Ca²⁺]i in glomerular pathology and suggest that purinergic [Ca²⁺]i signaling is a robust and key pathogenic mechanism in podocyte injury. This in vivo imaging approach will allow future detailed investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glomerular disease in the intact living kidney.
Controlling Upland Invasive Exotic Plants on Public Conservation Land: a Strategic Plan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Upland Invasive Exotic Plant Management Program is responsible for the control of terrestrial invasive plant species infesting public conservation land in Florida. To assist in achieving this long-term goal, the program drafted a Strategic Plan based upon the structural principles of: (1) leadership from the state level; (2) partnership amongst all levels of government agencies and other affected parties; (3) dedicated funding and implementation procedures for a statewide program; (4) a system of inventory and monitoring of invasive species; and (5) adoption of adaptive management strategies on public conservation land. Although the plan is written specifically for Florida, the core principles and implementation strategies are applicable to any state seeking to initiate a statewide invasive species control program.
Design and Simulation of GaN Superjunction Transistors With 2-DEG Channels and Fin Channels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High-performance 2-D-electron-gas (2-DEG) channel and submicron fin-shaped channel have recently been demonstrated in vertical GaN power transistors. This indicates that, unlike Si and SiC, the inversion-Type metal-oxide-semiconductor channel is no longer the 'default option' for future GaN superjunction transistors. This paper demonstrates the design and simulation of GaN superjunction transistors with 2-DEG and fin channels, i.e., a superjunction current-Aperture vertical electron transistor (SJ-CAVET) and a superjunction fin field-effect-Transistor (SJ-FinFET). A breakdown voltage over 2.2 kV and a specific on-resistance ( R-{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\mathrm {sp}} ) of 0.35~\text {m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{2} were demonstrated in the simulated GaN SJ-CAVETs and SJ-FinFETs with 10-\mu \text{m}-Thick superjunction region. Mixed-mode simulations were used to evaluate their performance in 1.7 kV, 50-A power switching applications. Their R-{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\mathrm {sp}} and die size are at least 30-To-50-fold smaller than that of today's best 1.7-kV power transistors. Thanks to the smaller die size, the junction capacitances and switching charges are significantly smaller, allowing for a megahertz practical switching frequency which is at least tenfold higher than today's 1.7-kV power transistors. The simulations of higher voltage GaN SJ-CAVETs and SJ-FinFETs up to 10 kV reveal consistent advantages over commercial transistors. These results show the great potentials of GaN SJ-CAVETs and SJ-FinFETs for future medium-voltage high-frequency power applications.
[Anesthetic management of bilateral PA banding in seven patients with HLHS].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Regarding the established phased operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the recent increase in cases involving Fontan operation has led to concomitant problems that seem to be caused by invasive open-heart surgery during the newborn period. In the new method to overcome this situation, one starts with the non-open-heart pulmonic artery banding (bil. PAB) during the newborn period, followed by the Norwood-Glenn operation, and finally with the Fontan operation. This is a report on seven cases treated with the pulmonic artery banding on HLHS at the Nagano Children's Hospital, in which we were personally involved as anesthesiologists.
Filtering by footprint : nudging Norwegian wine consumers towards sustainable packaging choices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper evaluates the problem of the misalignment between values and behaviors among \nNorwegian consumers in the selection of environmentally friendly wines and presents an \nonline nudge strategy to be implemented on Vinmonopelet.no, helping shoppers to better align their \nchoices with their values. After examining several options, as well as existing users’ behavior on \nthe website, it was determined that a new filter should be created for the attribute “Environmental \nFootprint”.\nCombining findings from theory and the existing website’s analytics, a digital \nexperimental environment was built to replicate the key features and functions available to \nshoppers on the real website, while allowing for the controlled introduction of this \nfilter. A random sample of 450 Norwegians was split into three experimental groups: a control \nwho “shopped” without the new filter and two manipulations who “shopped” with variations of the \nfilter’s design. Given a set shopping scenario and a budget of 500 NOK, users were asked to pick \none wine in any quantity from the available inventory: 36 products with representative packaging \ntypes, flavors, origins, and price.\nAs a result of the filter introduction, 13.3% of users reported using it to find their selected \nwine. This was moderated by levels of reported sustainable values and normative beliefs, as well as \nindividual differences in terms of demographics. Respondents who used the filter had significantly \nlower CO2 footprints on average, with 75% of them choosing wines which Vinmonopolet \nconsiders to be “environmentally smart”. The largest beneficiary of this switching behavior is \nthe 3-liter bag-in-box option, which saw a 41% increase in both manipulation groups, compared to \nthe control. This led to an overall increase in volume purchased among the users of the \nfilter, suggesting the possible presence of licensing effects between lowered footprint on the \njustifiability of purchasing more wine.
Correlation Analysis between Mineral Elements Content and Quality Ingredients of Flat Green Tea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to explore the correlation between mineral elements content and quality ingredients of flat green tea, ten representative flat green tea samples from five production areas (Dawu County, Hubei Province, Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, She County, Anhui Province, Meitan County, Guizhou Province and Emeishan City, Sichuan Province) were collected. The content of nine mineral elements (Mg, K, Ca, P, Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, B) and five quality ingredients (water extracts, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, total soluble sugars, caffeine) were determined. Results showed that the mineral elements influenced each other and existed with synergistic or antagonistic effects. The water extracts content was significantly negatively correlated with the B content (P<0.05), the tea polyphenol content was extremely negatively correlated with Fe content (P<0.01), the total soluble sugar content was significantly positive to the B content (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with Mg and Ca content (P<0.05), Fe and Mn had a negative effect on caffeine content. The principal component analysised exhibited that the first three principal components explained 89.00% of the cumulative variance contribution, Mg, Ca, Zn, Al and P were considered as characteristic elements of flat green tea, water extracts content and free amino acids content were considered as important physicochemical indicators to evaluate the quality of flat green tea. Cluster analysis showed that samples from the same producing area were grouped together, and samples from different producing areas were clearly separated, indicated that the quality of flat green tea showed distinct regional distribution characteristics.
Reliability Analysis of Next Generation Power Communication Network Based on SDN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To provide basic support of information communication technology for the construction of the next generation power communication network, the reliability service support mechanism of SDN controller in the power communication network deployment scheme is studied in this paper. We analyze the security protection architecture design of power communication network based on SDN, and establish a mathematical model of controller deployment that conforms to the characteristics of power communication. Then, the inter community reliability analysis and backup method is introduced to solve the controller deployment problem in SDN network by optimizing the power of the controller in the community. In the simulation process, the network virtualization and controller are designed in detail. The experimental results show that the SDN controller placement algorithm based on community clustering ensures the reliable operation of the power grid, and it can effectively reduce the service transmission delay and packet loss rate.
Speech act modeling and verification of spontaneous speech with disfluency in a spoken dialogue system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work presents an approach to modeling speech acts and verifying spontaneous speech with disfluency in a spoken dialogue system. According to this approach, semantic information, syntactic structure and fragment class of an input utterance are statistically encapsulated in a proposed speech act hidden Markov model (SAHMM) to characterize the speech act. An interpolation mechanism is exploited to re-estimate the state transition probability in SAHMM, to deal with the problem of disfluency in a sparse training corpus. Finally, a Bayesian belief model (BBM), based on latent semantic analysis (LSA), is adopted to verify the potential speech acts and output the final speech act. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed approach using a spoken dialogue system for providing air travel information. A testing database from 25 speakers, with 480 dialogues that include 3038 sentences, was established and used for evaluation. Experimental results show that the proposed approach identifies 95.3% of speech act at a rejection rate of 5%, and the semantic accuracy is 4.2% better than that obtained using a keyword-based system. The proposed strategy also effectively alleviates the disfluency problem in spontaneous speech.
Deletion analysis of the streptococcal plasmid cloning vehicle pSM10

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 8.3-kb streptococcal plasmid pSM10, derived as a transformation-induced deletion variant from pSM10419 (22.9 kb), specifies constitutive resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin [1]. pSM10 has been physically mapped with ten restriction enzymes and shown to be suitable as an effective DNA cloning vehicle for the streptococci [2]. To further reduce the size of the vector and pinpoint the regions associated with resistance and replication functions, I have isolated deletion mutants of pSM10 and describe here their properties as revealed by restriction endonuclease digestion.
Expression of genes SPI1 and GATA3 and Т-helpers subpopulation combination in chronically exposed people

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The influence of adverse factors including ionizing radiation leads to a violation of key transcription factors expression and the ratio of the main types of T-helper cells, which in turn initiates a wide range of immunopathological disorders. Objective. The objective of this research was to study the mRNA expression of the SPI1 and GATA3 genes, as well as the composition of T-helper type 1 and 2 subpopulations, in chronically exposed people during the period of radiation exposure late effects development. M а terials and methods. The study was carried out on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 98 residents of the Techa riverside settlements. Two study groups were formed: the group of exposed individuals (average accumulated dose for the red bone marrow radiation was 706.8±62.7 mGy) and the comparison group (radiation dose did not exceed 70 mGy). The median age of the studied individuals at examination was 71.1 ± 0.9 years (58–87 years). The relative mRNA content of the studied genes was assessed using real-time PCR. The number of T-helpers of types 1 and 2 in the populations of T-helpers of central and effector memory was calculated using the flow cytometry method. Results. There was a decrease in the absolute and relative number of type 2 T-helpers included in the T-helpers of central memory in chronically exposed individuals. In people with accumulated doses ≥1000 mGy, an increase in the Th1/Th2 ratio of T-helpers of the central memory ( p =0.01), as well as the positive correlation relationship between the relative content of type 2 T-helpers of the effector memory and the expression of the GATA3 gene were registered relative to unexposed individuals. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that changes in the composition of T-helper cell subpopulations in chronically exposed individuals are not pronounced in the long-term period. However, these changes may directly depend on the total absorbed dose, which in turn determines the prospects for further analysis of the health status of people exposed to chronic high-dose radiation.
Strategies for sustaining business vitality in international wholesale and retail trade : the case of a small company in Singapore

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The wholesale and retail trade is an important contributor to Singapore’s GDP. Small medium enterprises (SMEs) in this industry make up 32% of the total SMEs in Singapore. However, the large number of cessations of companies in the wholesale and retail trade attests to the importance of understanding how SMEs can survive in this competitive industry. The case we analysed, Shah Commercial Company (SC), adopts an array of strategies, and leverages heavily on relationship marketing. Relationship marketing is an integrated effort to identify, maintain, and build up a network with individual consumers and to continuously strengthen the network for the mutual benefit of both sides, through interactive, individualized and value-added contacts over a long period of time. In light of the increasing competition in SC’s target market, Seychelles, we investigate sustainable relationship marketing as a core strategy of the company. Although relationship marketing is a useful strategy for customer retention, it needs to be complemented with other strategies.
Studies on the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

1. A simple, isolated preparation is described in which the activity of the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl is recorded isotonically. 2. The longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery exhibited tone and marked spontaneous activity. Maximal shortening of this muscle was equal to about 60% of its resting length. 3. Acetylcholine in low concentrations produced powerful contractions of the muscle, whereas low concentrations of catecholamines produced relaxation by an action on β‐receptors; much larger concentrations of adrenaline or noradrenaline contracted the muscle. A pharmacological analysis of the responses to electrical stimulation and to agonist drugs indicated that the muscle was supplied by excitatory, cholinergic nerves and by inhibitory, adrenergic nerves.