jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Extremely Effective and Safe Approach of Guiding Catheter Crossing over Spasmodic Radial or (and) Brachial Artery in Patients Whose Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Was Undergone via Radial Artery Access

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the radial artery access has more advantages than that of femoral artery access, while radial or (and) brachial artery have tendency to be spasmodic. We sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of guiding catheter crossing over spasmodic radial or (and) brachial artery segments by the aid of PCI wire and balloon compared with traditional anti-spasmodic approach. Methods: The clinical data of 168 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (group A), whose PCI was performed via radial artery access with radial or (and) brachial artery spasm or (and) dissection and guiding catheter passing through spasmodic segments successfully by the aid of PCI guiding wire and balloon were analyzed retrospectively, simultaneously, the other 73 patients (group B) who used conventional approach to cross over the spasmodic radial or (and) brachial artery segments were treated as the control. The success rate, the time consumption and the complication were compared between the two groups. Findings: There was no significant difference in the spasmodic site between the two groups (all p value > 0.05). The success rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (168(100%) vs 28 (38.4%), p (4.2%) vs 14 (19.2%), p Conclusions: It is more effective and safer for guiding catheter crossing over spasmodic or (and) dissected radial or (and) brachial artery segments by the aid of PCI guiding wire and balloon than using the routine approach of administration of anti-spasm drugs for trans-radial PCI.
GROWTH OF THE POSTLARVAL SHELL INLINGULA UNGUIS(L.) (BRACHIOPODA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The growth of the postlarval shell of Lingula unguis on the north and east coasts of Singapore Island was studied. The youngest and the oldest postlarvae, observed over a period varying from one month to five years, grew in length and width all the year round. Length and width increments are inversely proportional to initial lengths and widths respectively, the linear negative correlation between increment and initial dimension being significant and high Growth is more rapid on the north than the east coast. Postlarvae transplanted to the north coast made greater increments than those left behind to grow in their original burrows on the east coast. Possible factors responsible for this difference in the rate of growth between the two localities are suggested. The regression of width increment on initial width nearly parallels that of length increment on initial length after one as well as after three years' growth, indicating a similar rate of decrease of increment with increasing initial width or length. The transformation of the shape of the shell is reflected in the changing width/length ratio. The change in width/length ratio during the postembryonic development of the shell is a continuous process. This ratio drops from a range of 1.5‐2.0 to around 0.8 during the larval stage and to around 0.4‐0.5 by the time the postlarval shell length reaches 4 mm. During the rest of the postlarval life the ratio varies sufficiently to make this an unreliable specific character for Lingula unguis. The region of maximum width of the two shell valves in the same individual coincides but its relative position changes during the long postlarval stage. The shell length of the female at maturity, the maximum shell length in a sample and the longevity of Lingula unguis , are discussed.
Electron Transport Chain from Glycerol 3-Phosphate to Nitrate in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is known that in Escherichia coli two dehydrogenases of the flavoprotein kind can participate in the transfer of hydrogens from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) to nitrate and that possession of either enzyme is sufficient to permit anaerobic growth on glycerol as carbon source and nitrate as hydrogen acceptor.Results from this study show that under such a growth condition a protein with light-absorption characteristics of cytochrome b, is induced.If G3P, nitrate, and adenosine diphosphate are added anaerobically to a particulate fraction prepared from these cells, four reactions can be detected: (i) the reduction of the cytochrome b,-like protein, (ii) the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), (iii) the formation of nitrite, and (iv) the generation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).The anaerobic G3P dehydrogenase system can yield an ATP-DHAP (or ATP-nitrite) molar ratio of about 0.2, whereas the aerobic G3P dehydrogenase system can yield a corresponding ratio of about 0.3.The hydrogen transfer activity is sensitive to respiratory inhibitors such as cyanide, Rotenone, and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide.
Management measures for riverside belt vegetation based on biodiversity conservation: With Erdaobai River in Changbai Mountains as an example

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The upper reach of Erdaobai River in Changbai Mountains is rich in biodiversity. With its riverside belt as research object,and based on the analysis of the significance of riverside vegetation management in biodiversity conservation,this paper put forward the management measures for riverside belt and its vegetation,which would provide theoretical model for biodiversity conservation in riverside belt,and offer references to bring the ecological conservation into effect during the course of riverside belt exploitation and utilization.
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever and Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifteen (14%) of 105 women with Ebola hemorrhagic fever hospitalized in the isolation unit of the Kikwit General Hospital (Democratic Republic of the Congo) were pregnant. In 10 women (66%) the pregnancy ended with an abortion. In 3 of them, a curettage was performed, and all 3 received a blood transfusion from an apparently healthy person. One woman was prematurely delivered of a stillbirth. Four pregnant women died during the third trimester of their pregnancy. All women presented with severe bleeding. Only 1 survived; she had a curettage because of an incomplete abortion after 8 months of amenorrhea. The mortality among pregnant women with Ebola hemorrhagic fever (95.5%) was slightly but not significantly higher than the overall mortality observed during the Ebola epidemic in Kikwit (77%; 245/316 infected persons). During the Ebola (EBO) hemorrhagic fever (EHF) epidemic neous eruption (13%), and an increased respiratory rate (60%). They all presented with signs of hemorrhage, including severein Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the num-ber of infected women was slightly higher than the number of genital bleeding (100%), melena (67%), gum bleeding (53%), ecchymosis (47%), bleeding at injection sites (47%), hematem-infected men [1]. During the Kikwit epidemic, only a small number of women were pregnant, which contrasts with the esis (40%), petechia (13%), and hematuria (7%). Neuropsychi-atric symptoms were also noted in all women: headacheEBO epidemic in Yambuku, DRC, where 82 (46%) of 177
Thermal Detection of Glucose in Urine Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Recognition Element

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Glucose bio-sensing technologies have received increasing attention in the last few decades, primarily due to the fundamental role that glucose metabolism plays in diseases (e.g., diabetes). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could offer an alternative means of analysis to a field that is traditionally dominated by enzyme-based devices, posing superior chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. Their integration into sensing devices as recognition elements has been extensively studied with different readout methods such as quartz-crystal microbalance or impedance spectroscopy. In this work, a dummy imprinting approach is introduced, describing the synthesis and optimization of a MIP toward the sensing of glucose. Integration of this polymer into a thermally conductive receptor layer was achieved by micro-contact deposition. In essence, the MIP particles are pressed into a polyvinyl chloride adhesive layer using a polydimethylsiloxane stamp. The prepared layer is then evaluated with the so-called heat-transfer method, allowing the determination of the specificity and the sensitivity of the receptor layer. Furthermore, the selectivity was assessed by analyzing the thermal response after infusion with increasing concentrations of different saccharide analogues in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The obtained results show a linear range of the sensor of 0.0194-0.3300 mM for the detection of glucose in PBS. Finally, a potential application of the sensor was demonstrated by exposing the receptor layer to increasing concentrations of glucose in human urine samples, demonstrating a linear range of 0.0444-0.3300 mM. The results obtained in this paper highlight the applicability of the sensor both in terms of non-invasive glucose monitoring and for the analysis of food samples.
Exfoliation and exploration of ternary layered materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

2D layered materials have become a popular topic since the discovery of graphene with mechanical exfoliation. It is widely used in different kinds of applications such as electronics, optoelectronics and biosensors. In this report, it focuses on how exfoliation of ternary layered material is carried out, characterization of material, fabrication of device based on Ta2NiSe5 flakes, and exploration of its electrical properties.
Reaching and enumerating homeless populations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whether called roofless (India), sin techo (Latin America), itinérants (Quebec), furosha (Japan), or gamino (street child of Columbia), homeless individuals and families confront us with a failure to provide safe and permanent dwellings to meet our most basic human needs. In the United States, by the 1980s the homeless had migrated out of the skid rows and the Bowery of cities to become a visible presence in many neighborhoods of cities and suburbs. A major reason for the increase in homelessness was the great reduction of affordable housing, including the loss of 2.3 million units of low-income housing between 1973 and 1992 (Wagner & Gilman, 2012). A second reason was the retreat from a policy of financial assistance to single unemployed individuals, General Assistance (in some places called the "rent money"), in the 1980s as we moved from cash assistance to providing housing and food through homeless shelters and soup kitchens (Glasser & Bridgman, 1999). In addition, the stagnant and falling income of low-wage workers put housing out of reach for many workers (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009).
Modeling the impacts of technological innovation and financial development on environmental sustainability: New evidence from the world's top 14 financially developed countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Developing a sustainable economic system in the wake of unprecedented environmental challenges is the major cry of the day. This study aims to investigate the impacts of financial development, technological innovation, globalization, trade openness, and renewable energy consumption on the ecological footprint of 14 countries with the highest levels of financial development. The utilized econometrics battery include slope homogeneity tests, Westerlund cointegration, panel Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) causality approaches. The study period spans from 1990 to 2018. The empirical outcomes indicate that financial development negatively affects environmental sustainability. The results further reveal that globalization technological innovation, trade openness, and renewable energy consumption bolster environmental quality. Based on the causality outcomes, a bidirectional causal link is witnessed between technological innovation, globalization, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint; however, a unidirectional causality relationship exists from trade openness and financial development to ecological footprint. The study findings underscore the importance of globalization, technological innovation, trade openness, and renewable energy consumption in fine-tuning environmental policies and improving environmental quality in these countries.
An eco‐friendly multi‐analyte high‐performance thin layer chromatographic densitometric determination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine in their ternary mixtures and simulated gastric juice: A promising protocol for eradicating Helicobacter pylori

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Gastrointestinal tract disorders constitute a heavy burden to healthcare providers. To eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection, different triple therapy protocols have been proposed. Among which are combinations of proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole), histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (e.g., famotidine), along with antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin). In this work, a sensitive and accurate high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine in bulk powder and laboratory‐prepared combined‐tablet mixtures. Complete separation of the cited compounds was achieved using pre‐coated silica gel plates with a mixture of methanol:chloroform:toluene:water:glacial acetic acid (5:2:1.5:0.5:0.1 v/v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was fully validated as per the international conference of harmonization guidelines. Good linearity, a correlation coefficient of 0.9991, was obtained in the concentration ranges 0.1–1.6 μg/band (amoxicillin), 0.1–0.9 μg/band (metronidazole), and 0.1–0.9 μg/band (famotidine). Since the method allowed the determination of the three compounds in combined tablets with a high degree of selectivity, accuracy, precision, with cost‐effectiveness, it could be used for regular quality control. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed method was extended to the determination of the ternary mixture in simulated gastric juice. Method greenness was assessed using different green metrics.
The Effect of Short Selling and Margin Requirements in Perfect Capital Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is well known that present institutional arrangements do not permit investors to use the proceeds of short sales to finance the purchase of other stocks. On the contrary, investors must place the proceeds of short sales in escrow, and they must also affirmatively invest (deposit) an additional amount equal to margin requirements (which may be as much as 100 percent) of the “proceeds” of the short sales. These escrowing and depositing requirements together will be referred to as “short-sales escrowing requirements.” These escrowing requirements not only involve forced or “by-product” holdings of the (nominally) riskless asset, they also change the structure of the investor's wealth constraint by requiring the substitution of absolute values for the natural number of shares when short sales are made.
Short‐term generalised effects of relaxation training on adults with moderate and severe mental handicaps

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Over the past few years there has been an increasing interest in the treatments for anxiety in people with mental handicaps. Some authors have found poor results in using relaxation treatments with this client group but the present authors have adapted and developed techniques which have shown excellent immediate effects. The present study investigated the generalised effects of two forms of relaxation training: Behaviour Relaxation Training (BRT) and Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation (APR). Both were found to produce reductions in anxiety at times of the day other than those in which treatment was being conducted. BRT produced quicker effects, but although people receiving this form of treatment showed less anxiety than those receiving APR, these differences were not significant by the end of treatment and at follow‐up. It was concluded that both treatments can be effective in helping people with mental handicaps reduce their anxiety outside of treatment sessions.
Fronto-Orbito Nasal Dislocations: Initial Total Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The craniofacial trauma can produce compound fractures with bone displacement in the central part of the upper face, i.e. the bones constituting the forehead, orbit, and nose. such dislocations are called fronto-orbito-nasal dislocations. A total and definite surgical reconstruction in one stage offers advantages such as good aesthetic and functional results. An injured person can enter professional and social life without further delay. A major advantage is also the minimizing of the risk of meningeal fistula with infectious mortal risk. A prerequisite for this surgery is accurate clinical and radiological examination to permit a preoperative three-dimensional visualization of the lesions as a basis for careful planning of the operation. The surgical team should include neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons with experience in the maxillofacial area. The operative procedure should start with repair of the orbital frame, beginning at the upper and lateral side, followed by exploration of the four walls of the orbital chamber and of the lacrimal system. The reconstruction then proceeds with the eyelid ligaments and the nervous and vascular pedicles, especially the infra-orbital one, followed by reconstruction of the sinus maxillaris. Afterwards transnasal internal canthopexy wires are placed, the nose reconstructed and bone grafts are used to restore the orbital chamber behind the frame. The lacrimal system is repaired before the tightening of the canthopexies. In cases where neurosurgical intervention is necessary, such as suturing of dura sores or reconstruction of the anterior cranial fossa by bone grafting, this will precede the facial reconstruction. Without a strong frontal cornice it is impossible to restore the nose and orbit. Ocular injuries are treated by ophthalmic surgeons when the orbit is repaired. The last phase of the reconstruction is suturing of the muscular, mucosal and cutaneous lacerations.
Relationship of a lichen species diversity indicator to environmental factors across the coterminous United States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated relationships between one simple indicator of lichen species diversity and environmental variables in forests across the coterminous United States. We want to know whether this indicator can help quantify the influence that factors such as climate and air quality have on lichen biodiversity at large scales and whether it will be useful in monitoring changes in these factors. Since lichens are biologically distinct from the trees, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation found on sample plots, a good indicator of effects on the lichen community complements other indicators and contributes to a more complete picture of potential effects of these causal factors on the entire forest ecosystem.
Teenage Mothers and Their Partners. A Survey in England and Wales.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This monograph discusses the problems that face teenage mothers in the 15 months after the birth of their baby. A random sample was taken from births that occurred in 26 areas of England and Wales during 1979. Interviewers from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys first visited the mothers in their homes when the babies were 2 to 4 months old. Of the 623 teenage women who were selected for inclusion in the study 533 were interviewed the 1st time round and 456 the 2nd time round. At both stages structgured questionnaires were used seeking primarily factual information. Some of the fathers were also interviewed. Of the 533 women interviewed 10% were aged 16 or younger when they gave birth to their baby and 20% were aged 17. The vast majority were aged 18 or 19. Teenage mothers tend to come disproportionately from working-class families. A slightly high proportion of the sample babies were of low birthweight; a relatively high proportion of the babies were premature. At the initial interview 2/3 of the teenage mothers thought things had worked out bette than they had expected when they 1st discovered their pregnancy. A year later nearly 90% of the mothers said they were still pleased they has their sample baby when they did. Though there had been some improvement in the womens hhousing situation between the 2 interviews 23% said they were now worse off financially than the previous year. In addition the proportion who described their marriage as happy the proportion who thought their sample baby was easy to look after the proportion who thought things had worked out better than they had expected and the proportion who thought things wer going very well for them were all lower than in the previous year. Problems such as marital violence and breakdown poor housing depression smoking and birth control failures are analyzed.
The Robust Asymmetric Minimum Cost Consensus Models with Interval-type Opinions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Existing consensus models primarily rely on precise opinions from decision-makers in a predefined context, neglecting the dynamics of expert opinion adjustments. To address this limitation, we introduce the interval-type opinions and explores the group decision consensus model under asymmetric adjustment cost from an uncertainty perspective. Then, the robust optimization theory is applied to adress the uncertainty in adjustment costs of decision-making individuals. The robust asymmetric cost consensus model of interval opinions under three uncertain scenarios is built. Finally, the validity of proposed model is verified by numerical calculations, and a sensitivity analysis and comparative study are performed. The results show that: (1) Utilizing interval opinions can significantly reduce consensus costs when compared to precise opinions; (2) Comprehensively comparing the three proposed robust models, the consensus model with budget asymmetric cost has the best performance.
New frontier in thin film epitaxy and nanostructured materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanomaterials hold the key to the success of nanotechnology. This review starts with a new paradigm for thin film growth based upon matching of integral multiples of lattice planes across the film-substrate interface. This paradigm of domain matching epitaxy (DME) unifies small as well as large misfit systems utilising the concept of systematic domain variation. By controlling the kinetics of clustering and energetics of interfaces, it is possible to obtain nanoclusters of uniform size and create novel nanostructured materials by design, where relative orientation with respect to matrix can be controlled by DME. In nanostructured materials with unit dimensions 1?100 nm, science and processing challenges include self-assembly processing, control of interfacial atoms and energetics, quantum confinement issues, nanoscale structure-property correlations. In addition, metastability of interfaces should be controlled for reliability in manufacturing of nanosystems. This paper presents fundamentals of synthesis and processing of nanomaterials, role of interfaces, nanoscale characterisation to establish atomic structure-property correlations and modelling to create novel nanostructured structural, magnetic, photonic and electronic systems with unique and improved properties for next-generation systems with new functionality.