jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Centella asiatica mediated solution combustion synthesis of a novel Pr3+ doped Lanthanum Oxyfluoride for display and visualization of latent fingerprints and anticounterfeiting applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel and highly effective red emitting phosphor Pr3+ doped (1–11 mol %) Lanthanum Oxyfluoride (LaOF) nanoparticles were synthesized as part of solid state white light emitting diodes by a low temperature solution combustion method using Centella asiatica leaf extract as a reducing agent. The structural and optical characterization of the nanophosphor is described. The nanophosphor shows a prominent emission in the red region. The concentration dependence of the Pr3+ luminescence is investigated. The Photoluminescence analysis, CIE and CCT coordinates suggest that phosphors derived from LaOF: Pr3+might a probable application for white LEDs. In addition, the effect of cation substitution on the strength of luminescence is further elucidated. The Judd-Ofelt theory was used to analyze various radiative properties. Finger Prints dusted by LaOF: Pr3+(5 mol %) NPs exhibit clear and bright images under UV 254 nm light and are helpful for identification of individuals.
The development and validation of the communicating-for-change questionnaire

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures the effectiveness of communication during organisational change interventions. A draft questionnaire was completed by a sample of convenience comprising 521 participants. The questionnaire contained 109 items in question format with a Likert-type response scale anchored at the extreme ends. The data was factor analysed and an iterative item analysis was executed. The results yielded a single scale with a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0,99. It is concluded, therefore, that the conceptualised domain of “communicating-for-change"? could be measured successfully through the use of the instrument developed in this study. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was die ontwikkeling en validering van ‘n vraelys wat die doeltreffendheid van kommunikasie tydens organisatoriese veranderingsintervensies meet. ‘n Konsepvraelys is op ‘n geleentheidsteekproef van 521 deelnemers afgeneem. Die vraelys het bestaan uit 109 items in vraagformaat met ‘n Likert-tipe responsskaal wat by die ekstreme pole geanker is. Die data is gefaktoranaliseer en ‘n iteratiewe itemontleding is uitgevoer. Die resultate het ‘n enkele skaal met ‘n Cronbach Alfa koëffisient van 0,99 opgelewer. Daar is derhalwe aanvaar dat die gekonseptualiseerde domein van “kommunikasie-vir-verandering” suksesvol met die instrument wat in die studie ontwikkel is, gemeet kon word.
A possible alternative evaluation method for the non-use and nonmarket values of ecosystem services

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monetization of the non-use and nonmarket values of ecosystem services is important especially in the areas of environmental cost-benefit analysis, management and environmental impact assessment. However, the reliability of valuation estimations has been criticized due to the biases that associated with methods like the popular contingent valuation method (CVM). In order to provide alternative valuation results for comparison purpose, we proposed the possibility of using a method that incorporates fact-based costs and contingent preferences for evaluating non-use and nonmarket values, which we referred to as value allotment method (VAM). In this paper, we discussed the economic principles of VAM, introduced the performing procedure, analyzed assumptions and potential biases that associated with the method and compared VAM with CVM through a case study in Guangzhou, China. The case study showed that the VAM gave more conservative estimates than the CVM, which could be a merit since CVM often generates overestimated values. We believe that this method can be used at least as a referential alternative to CVM and might be particularly useful in assessing the non-use and nonmarket values of ecosystem services from human-invested ecosystems, such as restored ecosystems, man-made parks and croplands.
Triticum aestivum L. var. lutescens (Alef.) Mansf., TRI 8409

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Triticum aestivum L. var. lutescens (Alef.) Mansf. Accession number: TRI 8409 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1967 Origin country: DEU Biological status: Advanced/improved cultivar MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Included Historic: No
General Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hazlitt's essay, polished, knowledgeable and opinionated, was a shrewd assessment of the periodical literature of his day and of the critical climate. He was conscious of the weaknesses in present criticism as well as its strengths, noting that it was 'too often made the engine of party-spirit and personal invective'. More than 20 years later, G.H. Lewes provided an equally shrewd assessment of the role of periodical literature for a mid-Victorian generation of writers. One aspect of critical practice that aroused passionate debate throughout the nineteenth century was the question of anonymity. Life writing was always a problematic genre for the long nineteenth century. Equally loved and loathed, it was, for a start, wide-ranging and difficult to define. Drama and theatre criticism in the nineteenth century highlights the distinctions between journalism and criticism discussed earlier, but it also demonstrates the ways in which criticism develops from and through journalism in the period.
UNDERSTANDING THE PLOTT-WIT-YANG PARADOX

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Plott, Wit & Yang (2003) conduct a betting market experiment and find: First, information was aggregated. This suggests that traders updated their private information based on observed market odds. Second, a model based only on the use of private information seems to fit their data best. The authors call this paradoxical. Because the original data are lost, we replicate their experiment. Our results suggest that the paradox seems due to aggregate rather than individual level data analysis. We analyze the individual level data and explain the paradoxical results reported in Plott et al. (2003).We would like to thank Charles R. Plott and Peter Katuščák for invaluable comments
Comparison of two methods to assess physical activity prevalence in children: an observational study using a nationally representative sample of Scottish children aged 10–11 years

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To describe the objectively measured levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in a nationally representative sample of 10–11-year-old children, and compare adherence estimates to the UK PA guidelines using two approaches to assessing prevalence. Design Nationally representative longitudinal cohort study. Setting Scotland wide in partnership with the Growing up in Scotland (GUS) study. Data collection took place between May 2015 and May 2016. Participants The parents of 2402 GUS children were approached and 2162 consented to contact. Consenting children (n=1096) wore accelerometers for 8 consecutive days and 774 participants (427 girls, 357 boys) met inclusion criteria. Primary and secondary outcome measures Total PA (counts per minute, cpm); time spent sedentary and in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA); proportion of children with ≥60 min MVPA on each day of wear (daily approach); proportion of children with ≥60 min of MVPA on average across days of wear (average approach)—presented across boys and girls, index of multiple deprivation and season. Results Mean PA level was 648 cpm (95% CI, 627 to 670). Children spent 7.5 hours (7.4–7.6) sedentary/day and 72.6 min (70.0–75.3) in MVPA/day. 11% (daily) and 68% (average) of children achieved the recommended levels of PA (P<0.05 for difference); a greater proportion of boys met the guidelines (12.5% vs 9.8%, NS; 75.9% vs 59.5%, P<0.001); guideline prevalence exhibited seasonal variation. No significant socioeconomic patterning existed across any outcome measure. Conclusions PA estimates are significantly influenced by the analytical method used to assess prevalence. This could have a substantial impact on the evaluation of interventions, policy objectives and public health investment. Existing guidelines, which focus on daily PA only may not further our understandings about the underlying construct itself. Gender differences exist within this age-group, suggesting greater investment, with particular consideration of seasonality, is needed for targeted intervention work in younger children.
Walkability scoring: why and how does a three-dimensional pedestrian network matter?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Previous walkability scoring systems are all based on road networks, even though roads are not designed for pedestrians. To calculate an accurate walking score, we need pedestrian network data. This is especially the case in cities such as Hong Kong, where pedestrians are separated from vehicles by footbridges, underpasses or surface sidewalks. In this paper, we investigate why and how a three-dimensional pedestrian network makes a difference in walkability scoring, using Hong Kong as a case city. We developed a walkability scoring system based on networks and amenities, using multiple open-source programming platforms and languages. Separately, we calculated walkability scores (on a scale of 0–100) using the three-dimensional pedestrian network and road network of the city, comparing the differences between the two. A GIS raster analysis was conducted to extract walkability scoring differences from the two walkability surfaces, followed by a univariate linear model to examine how the scores were underestimated if without using the three-dimensional pedestrian network. Results show that streets were considered twice as walkable if rated by pedestrian network rather than road network. Walkability scores were 92% higher on average. The fitted model shows that the mean score underestimations were significantly different for different three-dimensional network elements. Surface sidewalks had an average underestimation of 33.75 (p < 0.001), footbridges and underground paths expanded the underestimations by 3.85 and 2.97 (both p < 0.001), respectively, and the linkages to footbridge and underground path enlarged the surface sidewalk underestimations by 2.68 and 4.92 (both p < 0.001). We suggest that walkability evaluation systems should be developed on pedestrian networks instead of road networks, especially for high-density cities.
Radial basis functions in scientific computing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Radial basis functions (RBFs) have originally been used as an effective tool to interpolate data. The basis functions (all translations of one radial symmetric function) can be centered at arbitrary points in the domain of interest, hence providing a truly meshfree approximation, i.e., a wireframe parametric surfaces is not required. For certain types of RBFs exponential convergence has been shown.
This thesis deals with various aspects of using RBFs in scientific computing problems. The first part treats the interpolation problem: instead of solving the interpolation equations, however, a quasi-interpolation procedure provides an approximate interpolation formula without solving any matrix system. We propose a multilevel scheme for achieving better smoothness of an existing univariate quasi-interpolation scheme for RBF, and prove its convergence. Then we extend the results to higher dimensions, and study a boundary padding technique that improves accuracy.
Over the last decade or so, researchers have investigated the use of RBFs in the numerical solutions of ordinary (ODES) and partial differential equations (PDEs). In the second part of this thesis we introduce a new RBF collocation method for singularly perturbed boundary value problems (we implement this method for two-point boundary value problems). Our method can achieve high accuracy even for extremely thin layers, e = O (10−12). We then modify our scheme to become adaptive, which results in a very robust method without the need for fine tuning parameters.
In general, when using RBFs to solve PDEs, the resulting matrices are full and severely ill-conditioned. Therefore, applications of RBF-PDE were once restricted to problems of moderate size solved with direct methods. The third part of this thesis addresses this problem with a preconditioning technique based on approximate cardinal basis functions (ACBFs). We then couple the ACBF preconditioning technique with the domain decomposition method (DDM) which allows one to solve large-scale PDE problems in parallel.
Automated Electrokinetic Platform for High-Throughput Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Depletion Ahead of Proteome Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) provides numerous benefits for proteome sample preparation. However, the surfactant can be detrimental to downstream mass spectrometry analysis. Although strategies are available to deplete SDS from proteins, each is plagued by unique deficiencies that challenge their utility for high-throughput proteomics. An optimal approach would rapidly and reproducibly achieve less than 10 ppm residual SDS while simultaneously maximizing analyte recovery. Here, we describe improvements to a simple electrokinetic device termed transmembrane electrophoresis, which we previously reported for automated, rapid SDS depletion of proteome samples. Voltage-driven transport of SDS across a molecular weight cutoff membrane is enhanced at higher electric fields, which is herein achieved by integrating an active cooling mechanism to mitigate the impacts of Joule heating. We report 99.9% reduction of SDS (final concentration < 5 ppm) in 5 min. The device is employed in a detergent-based proteomic workflow for analysis of an enriched yeast membrane proteome extract, demonstrating quantitative protein recovery (>98%) and increasing the number of identifications by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Advanced Modeling Capability to Enhance Near-Wellbore and Far-Field Bridging in Acid Fracturing Field Treatments

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Different applications of fracture bridging and diversion are used regularly in carbonate acid fracturing without an in-depth understanding of the physical phenomena that dominate the processes involved in the bridging and diversion process. The extension of modeling capabilities in conjunction with yard-scale and field-scale experiences will increase our understanding of these processes. A robust multimodal diversion pill and polylactic acid fiber-laden viscous acid were utilized for near-wellbore and far-field bridging, respectively. Numerous field treatments demonstrated the uncertainty of achieving effective diversion. An existing multiphysics model was extended to develop functionalities to model diversions at different scale. Extensive laboratory testing was conducted to understand the scale of bridging and diversion mechanisms. Finally, a bridging yard test was designed, and field case studies were used to integrate all the branches. Field cases showed a diversion pressure up to 4,000 psi depending on perforation strategy, pill volume, and pill seating rate. Correlations showed the interdependence of multiple parameters in diversion processes. The field studies motivated modeling capabilities to simulate the critical diversion processes at high resolution and quality. The model simulates diverting agents that reduce leakoff in the fracture area and their effects on fracture geometry. The approach considers the acid reaction kinetics coupled with geomechanics and fluid transport. Different diverting agent concentrations required for bridging can be modeled effectively. A yard test was designed to confirm the integrity of the pill material through completion valves (minimum inside diameter 9.5 mm) and analyzed with high-resolution imaging. All the theoretical, mathematical, and numerical findings from modeling were integrated with laboratory- and yard-scale experimentation results to develop and validate near-wellbore and far-field diversion modeling. Analytical correlations were formulated from injection rate, particulate material concentration, pill volumes, fracture width, etc., to incorporate and validate the model. This study enhances understanding of the different diversion mechanisms from high-fidelity theoretical modeling approach integrated with a practical experimental view at laboratory and field scale. Current comprehensive research has significant potential to make the modeling approach a reliable method to develop tight carbonate formations around the globe.
The productivity of agricultural crops on drained organogenic soils depending on the level of their fertilizing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Goal. Experimentally determine an efficient set of micro fertilizers and regulators of growth and development of crops, which will increase their yields on drained organogenic soils in the floodplains of the humid zone. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical, and statistical. Results. The introduction of regulators of growth and development of plants and micro fertilizers had little effect on the nutrient regime of organic soil. They had a positive effect on the productivity of perennial grasses, cereals, and vegetables. The introduction of growth regulators on the background of N90P45K120 under perennial grasses provided an increase in yield on average over 5 years from drugs Biolan — 2.7 t/ha of dry weight, Radifarm — 2.4, Radostym — 2.1, Regoplant, Emistym C, Reakom, Humisol , Plantafol — 0.5–2.0 t/ha of dry weight. A high increase in grass yields was also due to the application of micro fertilizers on the background of N90P45K120 — 0.6–1.2 t/ha of dry weight. Application of micro fertilizers for grain crops on unfertilized areas provided an increase in the yield of winter rye on 0.7–0.9 t/ha, winter triticale — 0.8–0.9, spring triticale — 0.6-0.7, oat: filmed — 1,4–1.5, naked 0.6–0.8 t/ha, and with the introduction of P45K120 increase was 0.4, 0.7; 0.8; 0.4 and 0.6 t/ha of grain respectively. On average, over the years of research in unfertilized fields, the increase in the yield of carrots and beets from the application of Humisol and Reakom was 13.0-25.3% compared to areas without their addition. The introduction of growth regulators and micro fertilizers helped to improve the quality of the harvest. Conclusions. The application of growth regulators and microelements both on the background of applied macro nutrients and without them on drained organogenic soils provided an increase in the yield of perennial grasses, respectively on 1.1–2.7 and 0.6–1.2 t/ha and 1.3–2, 4 and 0.8–1.4 t/ha of dry mass. The increase in grain yield at the introduction of growth stimulants on the background of PK and without them was, respectively: winter rye — 0.4 and 0.5 t/ha; winter triticale — 0.7 and 0.8; spring triticale — 0.8 and 2.8; grain oats — 0.4 and 2.6 t/ha; naked oats 0.6 and 2.5 t/ha. The introduced growth regulators and microelements helped to improve the feed quality of perennial grasses.
Carryover effect of fomesafen, applied on edible bean, on sucessional maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Carryove reffects of fomesafen on successional maize were studied in clay soil. Fomesafen was applied as postemergence at Five rate s (0; 0.12 5: 0.25 ; 0.37 5, and 0.5 kg/ha-1) to edible beans. Maize was planted 198 and 65 days after fomesafen application in 1992 and 212 and 65 days after fomesafen application in 1993. Fomesafen residues were detected in soils up to 20cm depth but residue concentration was higher in 0-10 cm soil depth. Fomesafen residues reduced leaf chlrophyll content and root volume of 10 days old maize when planted 65 days after application but were not affected when planted 212 days after application. However, the decreases in leaf chlorophyll and root volume did not affect the maize yield.
Level of efficiency in using rice production inputs in Rainfed Land, Ulak Jeremun Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

High productivity was influenced by optimum production input. Efforts to optimize rice production results include examining the effectiveness of factors that influence rice productivity. This research was useful for providing levels of effective and efficient use of inputs to create efficient use of inputs in rice farming. The research aimed to analyze factors that influence rice productivity, analyze the efficiency of using production inputs in rice farming, and calculate rice farming income. This research was conducted in Ulak Jeremun Village, SP Padang District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The location selection was carried out purposively or deliberately due to the reduction in planting area. Data collection was carried out from August to September 2023. The research method used in this research was the Survey Method. The sampling method used was a simple random sampling method with a total of 60 farmers as respondents. The data used in this research consists of primary data and secondary data. The results of the research show that (1) Factors that have a significant influence on rice productivity in Ulak Jeremun Village are land area, urea fertilizer, and TSP fertilizer. In contrast, those that do not have a significant influence are the dosage of phonska, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and the number of workers. (2) The efficiency of production inputs in terms of price for the dose used for seeds and the number of workers was efficient. In contrast, the dose used for fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides could be more efficient. (3) Rice farming income in Ulak Jeremun Village was IDR 6,940,251 per hectare per year. Income was relatively small because farmers' land was flooded, so many weeds, which cause pests in the fields, were difficult for farmers to control.
Dealloying Behavior of Dual-Phase Al 15 at.% Cu Alloy in an Acidic Solution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To further understand the underlying physical mechanisms of dealloying of multi-phase alloys, dealloying behavior of melt-spun Al 15 at.% Cu alloy comprising α-Al solid solution and Al2Cu intermetallic compound in a 5 wt.% hydrochloric acid (HCl) aqueous solution was investigated. The microstructure of as-dealloyed samples was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results show the Al-Cu alloy with the amount of α-Al comparable to that of Al2Cu can be completely dealloyed, which eventually results in the formation of nanoporous copper (NPC) with a homogeneous porous structure, while during which two other kinds of nanoporous structures can be sequentially obtained for different dealloying times. The formation mechanism has been well established to describe the morphological and compositional evolutions during dealloying process based upon kinetic competitions between dissolution of Al atoms and diffusion-rearrangement of Cu atoms, which includes three stages orderly defined as "α-Al dealloying," "Al2Cu dealloying," and "coarsening of NPC in porous pore walls."