jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-term dynamics for stocks of sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria in the western Bering Sea and prospects for their fishery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sablefish is an endemic species of the North Pacific. Its range extends from California Peninsula, along the Pacific coast of the US and Canada to Aleutian Islands and further, along the Pacific coast of Kamchatka and the Kuriles to the central part of Honshu Island. They dwell also in the Bering Sea and southeastern Okhotsk Sea. Sablefish are the most abundant in the southeastern Bering Sea and in the Gulf of Alaska, that is conditioned by favorable conditions for their larvae and juveniles. In the Asian part of the range, the environments are generally more severe, and reproduction of sablefish is rather risky. Following to the results of modern genetic studies, the sablefish stocks are distinguished by high genetic homogeneity that suggests a common population with the main spawning grounds in the southeastern Bering Sea, at the Pacific coasts of Aleutian Islands, in the Gulf of Alaska, and at the coasts of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California. Dynamics of the sablefish biomass is considered on the data of bottom and midwater trawl surveys conducted by TINRO in 2003–2020, fishery statistics, and accessible data of NOAA (USA). Sharp increasing of the biomass and annual catches is noted both in the eastern and western Bering Sea in the last few years because of appearance of several strong year-classes. Western Bering Sea stock depends on migration of recruits from the common spawning grounds in the southeastern Bering Sea. For the western Bering Sea, two main ways of such migration are possible: i) active migration of juveniles with benthic habitat; and ii) passive transfer of pelagic larvae and early juveniles across the Bering Sea through the system of surface currents. The latter mechanism supports the sablefish recruitment in the bays of the western Bering Sea and, to a lesser extent, at the eastern coast of Kamchatka. Sablefish in the West Bering Sea fishery zone were caught in 2010–2020 mostly as by-catch for trawling and longline fishery (93 %), other 7 % were landed by specialized longline fishery. The basic points for managing the sablefish fishery in the West Bering Sea zone are defined. About 400 t of sablefish is permissible to catch annually in the West Bering Sea fishery zone in conditions of modern high stock of this species. This value includes 100–120 t that will inevitably be caught as by-catch and the rest of 280–300 t is a foreseeable resource for organization of specialized fishery.
Effect of soft tissue mobilization on bite force in individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJDS): A Pilot Pre test–Post test Quasi Experimental study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background –Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is a musculoskeletal condition that refers to combination of various clinical dysfunction of TMJ. The etiology of TMJD is multifactorial. Objective – The aim of this study is to assess the effect of myofascial release (MFR) on bite force in TMJD patient. Method – Ten participants (6 female and 4 male) with TMD between the age group of 18 – 35 years experiencing jaw pain more than 2 month in duration were recruited for the study. Patients referred from dental department were recruited. The patients were receivedTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), MFR, Therapeutic ultra sound (US).To check the bite force, pain and mouth opening of patient pre-treatment than treatment given an alternate day for one week. Treatment completed one week of intervention. Result- The result of this study shows a significant difference (p<0.05) in the bite force, pain and mouth opening. Conclusion- The study proved Soft tissue mobilization as effective treatment to improve the symptoms in individual with TMJ dysfunction. Keywords-Myofascial Release, Temporomandibular joint, Bite force
India-EU Strategic Partnership

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Strategic partnerships have, in fact, become a key foreign policy instrument in a multipolar world and are increasingly perceived as both a process and a format in which to conduct foreign relations with major players. A variety of adjectives have been used to describe the India-EU strategic partnership since its establishment in 2004. This paper first discusses the nature of the concept of strategic partnership, and examines European and Indian perceptions of this concept. It then evaluates the key challenges confronting the decade- long India-EU strategic partnership, before making a number of concluding observations.
Books of Orders: the Making of English Social Policy, 1577–1631

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The importance of the Caroline Book of Orders has not gone unrecognized by historians of early Stuart England. Admirers of the personal rule of Charles I saw in it a cornerstone of that regime's paternalism. Historians of county government, while noting doubts about its centralizing tendencies, have shown it pushing local magistrates towards more efficient methods of poor relief and social welfare. Students of popular attitudes and the moral assumptions of the crowd find the Book of Orders confirming traditional values which helped to guarantee social cohesion in periods of economic crisis. Yet the origins of so remarkable an enactment have attracted little attention, beyond the unfounded assumption that it owed much to Laudian policies of ‘Thorough’. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that its genesis has no less historical interest than its impact; and that we shall better appreciate its social and political implications if we are aware of the complex forces which shaped it.
The Ethics of Espionage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The ethical dimension of issues associated with war and its gravitational orbit of concepts and ideas have become among the most pressing issues currently being discussed. As a philosopher with a keen interest in the ethics of war and of foreign policy in general, it seemed an obvious question to ask, namely what state officials and citizens are morally permitted to do and to authorize, when acquiring the information they need in order to conduct a just war, a just foreign policy. The British secret intelligence service used to have a video on their website explaining by way of a story how they collect intelligence abroad. The story involved someone who was a citizen of a middle Eastern country and who offered to provide information on Islamic state to resident MI6 agent. The algorithms that (it is alleged) intelligence agencies use to identify suspected terrorists, or which law enforcement agencies in general use to analyze the enormous quantities of data.
Four selenoproteins, protein biosynthesis, and Wnt signalling are particularly sensitive to limited selenium intake in mouse colon

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Selenium is an essential micronutrient. Its recommended daily allowance is not attained by a significant proportion of the population in many countries and its intake has been suggested to affect colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, microarrays were used to determine how both selenoprotein and global gene expression patterns in the mouse colon were affected by marginal selenium deficiency comparable to variations in human dietary intakes. Two groups of 12 mice each were fed a selenium-deficient (0.086mg Se/kg) or a selenium-adequate (0.15mg Se/kg) diet. After 6wk, plasma selenium level, liver, and colon glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the deficient group was 12, 34, and 50%, respectively, of that of the adequate group. Differential gene expression was analysed with mouse 44K whole genome microarrays. Pathway analysis by GenMAPP identified the protein biosynthesis pathway as most significantly affected, followed by inflammation, Delta-Notch and Wnt pathways. Selected gene expression changes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. GPx1 and the selenoproteins W, H, and M, responded significantly to selenium intake making them candidates as biomarkers for selenium status. Thus, feeding a marginal selenium-deficient diet resulted in distinct changes in global gene expression in the mouse colon. Modulation of cancer-related pathways may contribute to the higher susceptibility to colon carcinogenesis in low selenium status.
The Role of Dynamic Learning Games in Improving Survey Information from Subsistence Farmers: Evidence from Malawi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Montana State University Bozeman, Linfield Hall, Room 312, MT 59715 USA Phone: 406-994-5615, Fax: 406994-4838, email: vsmith@montana.edu Paswel Marenya International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K St NW, Washington DC 20006 USA. Ephraim Nkonya International Food Policy Research Institute International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K St NW, Washington DC 20006 USA. Klaus Droppelmann International Food Policy Research Institute International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K St NW, Washington DC 20006 USA.
Building plug and play power applications using abstract object modeling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the computer industry's general inability to develop complex software applications in a manner that promotes easy integration, reusability and low maintenance. Most complex applications are built for a very specific environment and include far too many dependencies, making them difficult to maintain and expensive to integrate. A development methodology known as Abstract Object Modeling is discussed that overcomes this limitation and a simple power application known as a linear powerflow is used as an example. The powerflow is first discussed in terms of a traditional approach, then in terms of the abstract object modeling.
A Comparison of the Occurrence and Impact of Selected Forms of Assistance As Provided by School Personnel to Three Cohorts of Beginning Agricultural Education Teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A variety of induction activities are being provided to beginning teachers by school district personnel. Little evidence exists concerning the frequency and impact of delivery of selected forms of assistance. This study involved 64 beginning secondary agricultural education teachers from three consecutive cohorts. Results of this study show that teacher induction programming that was frequently provided for beginning teachers by school personnel did not address the largest share of the forms of assistance that resulted in a major impact upon the experience of the beginning teachers. The initial five forms of assistance that had a major impact upon the experience of beginning teachers were: an adequate supply of instructional materials, parental support for the program, availability of purchasing information, planning time, and an extra planning period. Mean impact scores were not affected by gender, level of stress, origin of preservice education, and size of school. The researcher concluded that school district personnel need to secure input from beginning teachers to inform induction programming efforts.
Toward a queer feminist bioethics of sexuality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interest in sexuality remains scarce in mainstream bioethics, despite the centrality of sexuality to many people’s health and wellbeing, and its ethical, political and philosophical importance. This chapter builds on a dialogue between feminist and queer thought to highlight the importance of this topic for feminist bioethics and move toward a framework for a queer feminist bioethics. It overviews tensions between queer and feminist approaches, outlines particular LGBTQI+ bioethical issues, and discusses key bioethical concepts within a queer feminist framework. Further, it urges the development of a queer feminist framework that refuses cis-gendered and heteronormative accounts of sexuality, replacing these with norms of gender and sexual variance. This approach would enhance normative analysis of material injustices based on the intersectional experiences of queer people and women in their complex sexualities.
Digital repository in ceramics: a metadata study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Purpose – This paper seeks to study the metadata requirements for setting up a digital repository in ceramics resources that would provide researchers and ceramic art professionals with access to the information as per their requirements. Design/methodology/approach – The paper first reviews and analyzes various metadata standards and formats already available. Open software (Greenstone) is used to develop the repository and the paper discusses its metadata provisions. Thereafter, the paper focuses on ceramics resources and attempts to determine the metadata elements required to describe and organize ceramic resources. Existing controlled vocabularies to standardize content metadata of the repository are also reviewed. Findings – The paper finds that selected metadata elements of Dublin Core and Categories for the Description of Work of Art can be used to describe and organize the ceramics resources. Local qualifiers are added when necessary to describe the resources. As Categories for the Description of Work of Art metadata standards are not provided in Greenstone, these were defined using GEMS to describe and organize ceramic art works. It also found that existing controlled vocabularies are not sufficient to standardize the content metadata of the repository. Research limitations/implications – A digital repository should also contain information resources such as video and audio‐video information resources. The study has not considered studying metadata requirements to describe such information resources. Originality/value – This paper could be useful for others who want to develop their repositories in various disciplines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐1,4‐dithiacycloheptane (II) from Diallyl Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Some Aspects of the Biology of Labeo Coubie Ruppell, 1832 and Labeo senegalensis Valenciennes, 1842 from Lower River Benue

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated some aspect of the biology of Labeo coubie Ruppell, 1832 and Labeo senegalensis Valenciennes, 1842 from lower River Benue (between June and September 2013). The length-weight relationship, condition factor, and feeding habits of fish samples were determined. Result obtained revealed higher biometric parameters for male specimen compared to the female in both species (P<0.05), sex ratio was approximately 1:1. Length-weight relationship revealed isometric growth in both sexes of L. senegalensis and in male L. coubie (b=3), while female L. coubie had negative allometric growth (b=2.63). Condition factor analysis indicates the suitability of the environment for the species. Feeding habit for both species revealed an omnivorous pattern and the spectrum of food isolated in the stomach includes detritus, algae, insect parts, plant material, mud/sand, and some unidentified food items. While Algae dominated the feed of male (39%) and female (34) L. coubie, detritus was most significant in the diet of L. senegalensis (42 and 32% for male and female). Nutritional trials should be conducted using wild fingerlings to evaluate domestication potentials of these fish.
Specific deletion of TRAF3 in myeloid cells leads to spontaneous inflammation and tumor development in mice (INC6P.304)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract TRAF3, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, is used in signaling by the TNFR superfamily and pattern recognition receptors. A number of these receptors are constitutively or inducibly expressed by myeloid cells, the crucial players in innate immunity and inflammation. To investigate the in vivo functions of TRAF3 in myeloid cells, we generated myeloid cell-specific TRAF3-/- (M-TRAF3-/-; TRAF3flox/floxLysM+/Cre) mice. We previously showed that young adult M-TRAF3-/- mice have normal frequencies and numbers of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations in lymphoid organs, suggesting that TRAF3 ablation did not affect the maturation or homeostasis of myeloid cells. Here we report that 15- to 22-month-old M-TRAF3-/- mice spontaneously developed chronic inflammation or tumors, often affecting multiple organs. Diseased M-TRAF3-/- mice exhibited drastically altered lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations in lymphoid organs. Furthermore, we found that M‑TRAF3‑/- mice with spontaneous inflammation or tumor development contained strikingly elevated serum levels of a variety of chemokines and cytokines, including G-CSF, CCL1, IL-17, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-5, CXCL9, TIMP-1, and TREM-1. This suggests that dysregulation of myeloid cells actively contributes to the pathogenesis of spontaneous inflammation and tumor development observed in aging M‑TRAF3‑/- mice. Taken together, our findings indicate that TRAF3 expressed in myeloid cells inhibits spontaneous inflammation and tumor development in mice.
[Substitute drug treatments with methadone].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methadone maintenance treatment for patients with opiate addiction, started in the Canton of Basel in 1980, today includes more than 600 patients, with a marked increase since 1987 due to a change in inclusion criteria following the spreading of HIV infections. Data from 500 patients, gathered in 1991/92 on sociodemographic and treatment characteristics, emphasize the long-term aspect of the methadone maintenance treatment and the necessity of an intensive psychosocial treatment.
The Islamic Principles Concerning the Employment of Nannies and Servants

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ظاهرة الخدم ليست جديدة في المجتمع العربي الإسلامي، فقد ثبت أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان له مجموعة من الخدم، ومن أشهرهم أنس الذي قال: خدمت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عشر سنين وما قال لي قط لم فعلت هذا؟ لكن الخدم كانوا من المجتمع نفسه، وممن قدموا إليه ويقيمون به إقامة دائمة، فهم من أبناء جلدتنا ويتكلمون بلغتنا، وفي الوقت الحاضر يشغل خدم من مجتمعات متعددة ومتباينة ونقلوا إلينا ثقافات بعيدة جدا عن ثقافتنا. ‏ونتيجة للطفرة الاقتصادية في المجتمعات الخليجية، ووجود مستوى من المعيشة وصل إلى أعلى درجات الرفاهية، ازدادت نسبة الاستعانة بالخادمات والمربيات، فلا تكاد تجد بيتا يخلو من خادمة واحدة على الأقل، وبرزت لهؤلاء الخادمات مساوئ خطيرة أثرت في بنية البيت المسلم، نتيجة لعدم الالتزام بالأسس الشرعية، ومن هنا كان لابد من معرفة الأسس الشرعية للتشغيل، التي من أهمها أن تكون الخادمة المستقدمة مسلمة، حفاظا على عقيدتنا وشريعتنا، وأن تكون قادرة على النطق بالعربية أو تعلمها حفاظا على لغتنا التي هي هويتنا، إلى غير ذلك من الأسس المبثوثة في ثنايا هذا البحث . ‏لذا جاء هذا البحث بعنوان الأسس الشرعية لتشغيل المربيات والخدم، تجلية لهذه المسألة، والمشاركة بوضع الحلول المناسبة لها.
1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene : a study of acylation methodology and synthetic application

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Kuwajima and co-workers have reported that the reaction of a ketal and 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene (1) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst with subsequent rearrangement of the cyclobutanone intermediate with trifluoroacetic acid affords 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-cyclopentanediones in reasonable yields. We have found that substituents, such as methyl groups, in the α-position to the spiro center significantly reduce the yield of product. In addition, substitution of the 1,2-ethanediol moiety of the ketal with groups such as methyl and phenyl also reduces product yields. -- Synthesis of the precursors of the juvenile hormone 6-ethyl-10-methyldodeca-5,9-dien-2-one of the moth Cecropia in our first approach involved the addition of an ethyl group to 2-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane-1,3-dione (71) and reduction with sodium borohydride to afford 80 as a precursor for a Grob-type fragmentation. Analysis of 80 using nmr and X-ray crystallography indicated the structure shown in Figure 5. The alternative approach to the precursors or the juvenile hormone involved the reduction of 71 with sodium borohydride with subsequent introduction of the ethyl moiety to generate 89. However, introduction of the ethyl group proved to be irreproducible. Both of our strategies focused on the construction of the correct relative stereochemistry to enable a Grob-type fragmentation to produce the correct double bond isomer of 69. -- Model studies toward the synthesis of fredericamycin A focused on [2+2] photochemical additions of 1 with various enones, in particular with spiro[3-cyclopentene-1,1'-indan]-2,5-dione (99). However, while tests carried out between a simple enone and 1 provided limited results, the reaction between 99 and 1 afforded only starting material.
ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN IDENTIFIKASI SEKTOR BASIS ANTAR KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN WONOGIRI TAHUN 2010-2014

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<p>This study aims to determine the level of inequality and base economic of Wonogiri Districts in 2010-2014. This study uses secondary data involve Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at Constant Price of 2000, GRDP per capita, Population and Economic Growth. The analytical method uses analysis of Williamson Index, Theil Entropy Index, Static Location Quotient (SLQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ).</p><p>Research results show that the Williamson Index of Wonogiri District tends to decrease, the higest level of income inequality happened in the Wonogiri Subdistric and the lowest level of income inequality happened in the Eromoko Subdistric. Entropy Theil index shows that inequality between subdistrict in Wonogiri District tends to decrease. Karangtengah Subdistrict has the higest income inequality while the lowest inequality is the Purwatoro Subdistrict. The Composite of LQ (SLQ dan DLQ) shows that the Agricultural Sector; Electricity, Gas and Water; Trade and Communication became base sector.</p><p>Suggestions from this study cover the government of Wonogiri District is expected to improve infrastructures such as road, bridge, irrigation canal, and communication network. In addition, the Government of Wonogiri District should develop the potency of economy in each of subdistricts.</p><p> </p><p align="left">Keywords: Income Inequality, Base Sector, Non Base Sector</p><p align="left">JEL: R11, R12</p>
The fossil fuel divestment movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an introduction to fossil fuel divestment. Carbon budgets revealed that the way fossil fuel companies are valued—based on the size of their reserves—is deeply flawed. Canada saw its first university fully divest from fossil fuels in 2017 with the successful campaign launched by the organization "ULaval sans fossiles" at Universite Laval in Quebec. The University of Toronto and York decisions were hardly unique in the Canadian university landscape. The chapter discusses how the movement emerged from a relatively new way of looking at the climate crisis. Divestment grew out of a new way of looking at the problem of climate change. Climate change goals have tended to be communicated, overly abstractly, in terms of percentage reductions relative to a baseline year by a certain deadline. The chapter explains the climate justice-based rationale behind the divestment strategy, describes the growth of the movement and the effect divestment is likely to have on investment returns.