jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nine, Seven, Five, or Three: How Many Figures Do We Need for Assessing Body Image?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

320 Croatian female students ( M = 20.4 yr.) were recruited to examine the validity and reliability of figural scales using different numbers of stimuli (3, 5, 7, and 9) and different serial presentation (serial and nonserial order). A two-way analysis of variance (4 numbers × 2 orders of stimuli) was performed on ratings of current self-size and ideal size as dependent variables. Analysis indicated a significant main effect of number of stimuli. This, together with post hoc tests indicated that ratings were significantly different for a scale of three figures from scales of more figures, which in turn did not differ among themselves. Main effects of order of stimuli, as well as the interaction, were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that the optimal number of figures on a scale is seven plus (or minus) two.
Alien Hand Syndrome:Report of Six Cases and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The alien hand syndrome was diagnosed in six stroke patients treated in our hospital during the period from 1993 to 1998. Left cerebral artery occlusion was responsible for the stroke episode in five patients and hydrocephalus subsequent to intracerebral hemorrhage in one patient. All of the patients were right handed and exhibited behavior of forced grasping and impulsive groping, with their dominant hand, of objects entering their field of vision. The patients also exhibited unilateral involuntary handling and utilization of familiar objects and compulsive manipulation of tools with their dominant hand and restrain of the dominant hand with their contralateral hand. These patients all showed lack of conscious awareness of these behaviors.During the acute stage of brain damage in stroke, the reduction in patients’ cerebral function and limitations in the activity of the limbs may obscure the classic symptoms of the alien hand syndrome. However, the symptoms of the alien hand syndrome become more noticeable during the rehabilitation period. This report seeks to call this syndrome to the attention of fellow physiatrists in order to facilitate the use of appropriate measures to handle such special behavior and avoid its interference with patients’ rehabilitation.
GROWTH OF TERTIARY SECTOR IN CHINA'S LARGE CITIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study interprets the fast-growing tertiary sector in China, especially in 84 large cities, as a result of sectoral labor transition. Large cities in China mostly relied on the tertiary sector for urban job growth during the period from 1990 to 1997 and are ahead of the country in the sectoral labor transition. The tertiary labor share in a large city is not only associated with the per capita income, but also with the urbanization level within the city limit, the per capita foreign direct investment, and the history and size of the city. Compared with other parts of the world, China is more similar to developed countries (with a time lag) than to developing countries in the path of the sectoral labor transition. Yet, the sectoral labor transition (and the growth of the tertiary sector specifically) in China has been strongly influenced by government policies.
Diversity of Aspergillus species from Aurangabad (M. S.)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In all 124 isolates of the genus Aspergillus were identified and classified into 40 species distributed into 14 groups, viz Cervinus, Clavatus, Flavipes, Flavus, Fumigatus, Koningi, Nidulans, Niger, Ochraceus, Ornatus, Restrictus, Sparsus, Terrus, Ustus and Wentii.
The Role of The Police in The Implementation of Sexual Violence Crimes in The Jurisdiction of The Bali Police

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sexual violence crimes have become a significant concern in Indonesian society, particularly in tourist destinations like Bali, where cases involve both domestic and international victims. Despite existing legal frameworks, the investigation of sexual violence crimes in Bali faces numerous obstacles that may hinder effective law enforcement and the delivery of justice. This study aims to analyze the implementation role of police investigators in handling sexual violence crimes within the Bali Police jurisdiction and to identify the obstacles encountered during the investigation process. This research employed an empirical legal research method using qualitative descriptive analysis. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with investigators from Sub-directorate IV of the Directorate of Criminal Investigation of the Bali Police, field observations, and document analysis. The investigation process follows established legal procedures, including report reception, case administration, witness examination, evidence collection, arrest, search, seizure, suspect examination, and case completion. Key obstacles identified include internal factors (such as language barriers with foreign victims and limited specialized training) and external factors (including uncooperative victims due to trauma, lack of witnesses and evidence, delayed reporting, and challenges with victims having special needs). The findings highlight the need for enhanced training programs for investigators, improved victim support services, and strengthened inter-agency coordination to effectively address sexual violence crimes in diverse jurisdictional contexts.
Role of ABCA4 in the mechanism and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABCA4 is a member of the ABCA subfamily of ATP binding cassette(ABC)transporters that is expressed in rod and cone photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina.ABCA4,also known as the Rim protein and ABCR,is organized as two tandem halves,each containing one transmembrane domain,one glyosylated extracellular domain and nucleotide-binding domain.Over 500 mutations in the gene encoding ABCA4 are associated with a spectrum of related autosomal recessive retinal degenerative diseases including Stargardt macular degeneration,cone-rod dystrophy and a subset of retinitis pigmentosa.Biochemical studies on the purified ABCA4 together with analysis of ABCA4 knockout mice and patients with Stragardt disease have implicated ABCA4 as a retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine transporter that facilitates the removal of potentially reactive retinal derivatives from photoreceptors following photoexcitation.Knowledge of the genetic and molecular basis for ABCA4 related retinal degenerative diseases is being used to develop rational therapeutic treatments for this set of disorders.
STUDY PROTOCOL Open Access Falls and mobility in Parkinson’s disease: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although physical therapy and falls prevention education are argued to reduce falls and disability in people with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, this has not yet been confirmed with a large scale randomised controlled clinical trial. The study will investigate the effects on falls, mobility and quality of life of (i) movement strategy training combined with falls prevention education, (ii) progressive resistance strength training combined with falls prevention education, (iii) a generic life-skills social program (control group). Methods/Design: People with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease who live at home will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups. Each person shall receive therapy in an out-patient setting in groups of 3-4. Each group shall be scheduled to meet once per week for 2 hours for 8 consecutive weeks. All participants will also have a structured 2 hour home practice program for each week during the 8 week intervention phase. Assessments will occur before therapy, after the 8 week therapy program, and at 3 and 12 months after the intervention. A falls calendar will be kept by each participant for 12 months after outpatient therapy. Consistent with the recommendations of the Prevention of Falls Network Europe group, three falls variables will be used as the primary outcome measures: the number of fallers, the number of multiple fallers and the falls rate. In addition to quantifying falls, we shall measure mobility, activity limitations and quality of life as secondary outcomes. Discussion: This study has the potential to determine whether outpatient movement strategy training combined with falls prevention education or progressive resistance strength training combined with falls prevention education are effective for reducing falls and improving mobility and life quality in people with Parkinson’s disease who live at home.
The BP-M* Methodology for Process Analysis in the Health Sector

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we present the main phases of the BP-M* methodology and its application to a care pathway for patients in the Oncology Division of a large hospital, to evaluate pros and cons of different drug administration modalities and the impact of these modalities to the organizational process. BP-M* has been developed for the manufacturing sector but the relevance of business modeling, analysis and reorganization is not restricted to a specific sector. The aim of this work is to show its application to a real life study of a complex process in the health sector.
Effects of nipple or bucket feeding of milk-substitute on rumen by-pass and on rate of passage in calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

1. Effects of feeding liquid milk-substitute to young calves either by nipple-pail or open-bucket on the rumen by-pass and on the rate of passage were studied. 2.Sixteen Holstein calves, aged 1 week initially, were used in three experiments in which calves were slaughtered after they were given liquids (milk-substitute and water) containing chromic oxide and SrCl 2 6H 2 O as a tracer either by the nipple- or bucket-feeding method, and the distribution of tracers to the rumen, abomasum and the lower alimentary tracts was examined. 3.When the liquid milk-substitute containing tracers was given by the nipple- or bucket-feeding method to calves having been trained to the corresponding procedures for the preceding 1 week, most of the tracers was directed into the omasum and abomasum. There seemed no difference in the functioning of oesophageal groove closure between the two feeding procedures. Even when the liquid milk-substitute containing tracers was given by the nipple-or bucket-feeding method to calves which had been accustomed to different procedures for the preceding week, the majority of tracers were found in the abomasum immediately after administration, though a slightly greater proportion of the tracers entered the reticulo-rumen. 4.Continuing bucket feeding of liquid milk-substitute effected an efficient closure of the oesophageal groove at least up to 16 weeks of age. After calves were accustomed to consume liquid milk-substitute from the bucket from 1 to 4 weeks of age, drinking warm water from the bucket also caused efficient closure at least up to 16 weeks of age. When tracers were administered with warm water, Cr 2 O 3 and strontium, especially the latter, transferred much more rapidly to the lower gut than when they were administered with liquid milk-substitute, probably reflecting the curd formation of the milk-substitute in the abomasum. When liquid milk-substitute with tracers was fed by the bucket-feeding method, Sr transferred more rapidly to the lower gut than when the milk-substitute was fed by the nipple-feeding method, indicating that the feeding procedure of liquid milk-substitute has an apparent effect on the rate of passage.
Post-Pandemic Hybrid Lectures are Here to Stay

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The pandemic has forced lecturers and students in universities to suddenly move online with teaching and learning. Much work has gone into improving the online experience. We showed that learning outcomes improved at our university during this time according to self-evaluation by graduating students. Returning to on campus classes has caused some controversy. Two major thought-groups have emerged. While some have found the benefits of following lectures online using a better environment, others are grateful to return to their classroom to enjoy more freedom to interact with others. Strong feelings exist on both sides and students staying home are missed by those in the classroom. In order to understand these feelings, students have created a survey. 112 undergraduate students in Computer Science participated in the survey. We found that around half the students enjoyed staying online. Half of these report higher motivation and mental health when staying home. More research is needed but it is clear that the mix of on-site and online learning is here to stay.
Insulin Stimulative and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Persea americana Fruit Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Hyperglycemic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The insulin stimulative and antioxidative effect of Persea americana fruits extract were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ). The ethanolic extract of P.americana at a concentration of 300mg/kg body weight/rat/day was orally administered to STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats for a period of 30 days. The elevated levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, and serum creatinine in the hyperglycemic rats reverted back to near normal after treatment with the avocado fruit extract. Similarly significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and the hemoglobin were elevated to near normal after treatment with fruit extract, suggesting the insulin stimulative effect of P.americana fruit. Determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), hydroperoxides, and both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant evidenced the antioxidative potential of the extract of avocado fruit, which in turn may be responsible for its hypoglycemic potential. Alterations observed in the activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum of control and experimental groups of rats revealed the tissue protective nature of Persea americana fruits in comparison with glyclazide, the standard reference drug.
Getippte Dialoge in neuen Medien. Sprachkritische Aspekte und linguistische Analysen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on every day communication in New Media with special regards to private writing on Instant Messaging. After brief introductory thoughts about writings beyond the linguistic norm in New Media we compare the specific circumstances of "new" writing via internet and mobile phone with "traditional" offline writing that can be realized by the use of a computer, a type writer or by hand. How this new writing is judged by the public, whether it is considered to be "good" or "bad" and how experts position themselves in this discussion, is shown in section 3. Section 4 takes a look at which linguistic theories might apply to the analysis of typed dialogues in computer mediated communication. The main focus here is on the theory of Interactional Linguistics which formerly had been applied only to the analysis of oral communication. Finally, language critical and linguistic aspects of writing in the New Media are discussed in a brief synopsis.
German Drinking Water Axiom of Concern Regulations, Pesticides, and

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The limit value of 0.1 #g/liter for substances used in plant treatment and pest control including their main toxic degradation products (PBSM) established in the Ger- man Drinking Water Regulations (Trinkwasserverordnung) serves comprehensively to protect drinking water from unex- pected toxicological risks and thus corresponds to the axiom of concern (Besorgnisgrundsatz) contained in w of the Federal Communicable Diseases Control Act (Bundesseuchengesetz), which is an essential cornerstone of the Drinking Water Regulations. Furthermore, precautionary values that are specific to the particular substance and near the valid limit can be found for about 10% of all registered active substances. The goal of the PBSM Recommendations of the Federal Health Office (BGA) issued in July 1989 is to preserve and restore groundwater and drinking water through measures to be taken by the causal party, while re- ducing consumer health risks to the greatest extent possible. The EC commission's drawbacks on these recommendations and the imminent EC-wide directive for the uniform registra- tion of pesticides being based solely on Article 43 of the Eu- ropean Treaty would seriously endanger this goal. Therefore, a situation threatens in Europe similar to that in the United States, where at least 18 active ingredients have been de- tected in groundwater in concentrations of up to 1000 times the toxicologically established limits for drinking water. The basic purpose of any scientific cnnsuhatory and health-related precautionary policies is not to establish limits, but rather to reach a consensus concerning modes of procedure and technology aimed at prevent- ing futile burdens for man and environment. This re- sults in giving the examination of effects pri- ority over assessing the risks connected with the imple- mentation of such effects (Dieter 1989a). Anyone can experience this sequence of priorities its commonplace. For example, the common type of ad- vertising basically tries to convince the consumer of the products' benefits and not their risks. The complexity of the scientific as well as the psychological aspects to be considered in the context of making the risk-benefit discussions clear for society is retlected apparent in the article by Covello (1989). Something benelicial for one may be detrimental to others. 1 do not wish to becoxne involved, either in my capacity as a toxicologist or as a drinking water hygienist, in a deep discussion of what the objective or case-related majority definition of beneficial is supposed to be. Fortunately, there is a consensus on the uselessness of pesticides in drinking
Effects of Relational Schema Combinations on Leader Member Exchange Quality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We proposed two different kinds of leader-follower relational schemas (RSs) (i.e., cognitive representations of how leaders and followers should interact with each other), expressive and instrumental RS, and examined how the combinations of RSs influence leader-member exchange (LMX) quality. We found that the combination of high follower’s expressive RS and median to high leader’s expressive RS resulted in the highest levels of LMX quality. Regarding the combination of instrumental RSs, LMX quality remained high when follower’s instrumental RS was low regardless of leader’s instrumental RS. Our results suggest that RSs play an important role in the LMX making process.
SPLEEN/PATHOL.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleens in a group of 17 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. In 12 of 15 cases, diminished absolute levels of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were found; however, this was correlated with total lymphopenia. No direct relationship between "T-lymphopenia" and diminished cellular immunity, as measured by phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen blast transformation, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was demonstrated. In eight lymph nodes involved histologically by Hodgkin's disease, a preponderance of T-lymphocytes was found when compared with a group of seven hyperplastic nodes (78.2 +/- 8.9% versus 54.5 +/- 11.0%, P is less than 0.01). These latter data appear to be consistent with the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease involves a cell-mediated immune response to a neoplastic (antigenic) element.
Irisin and Atherogenic Index of Plasma Novel Markers in Diabetic Patients with and without Metabolic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Skeletal muscle tissue and adipose tissue cells initiate for creating and releasing semi warning protein hormones that are characteristic signals for the possibility of heart attacks, which resulted in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the blood due to insulin resistance. The study aims to high lighting on the accompany health problems of type 2 diabetes patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety males and females were shared in this study, their ages ranged from 40 to 55 years, and they were divided into three groups: 30 were type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with MS, 30 were T2DM without MS, and 30 were from the group of healthy controls. Enzymatic assays were estimated, and blood samples tests included: fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, irisin level, and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. RESULTS: A highly statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) of irisin level (96.80 ± 27.05 ng/mL) was find in patients who had T2DM with MS whom have the highest body mass index and waist value, but irisin level had (67.66 ± 19.41 ng/mL) in T2DM without the MS group. While the normal value of irisin level (27.97 ± 9.29 ng/mL) had be recorded in the control group. CONCLUSION: Irisin secretion is related to MS problems, and the possibility of targeting this hormone as a marker, particularly in the detection of heart diseases. A high AIP value demonstrates an association between elevated irisin levels and the accelerated potential with cardiovascular disease.