jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical embolism via a sinus venosus atrial septal defect causing an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a 23-year-old woman

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebrovascular accidents constitute the most frequent clinical manifestation of paradoxical embolism. However, it is becoming increasingly recognised that acute myocardial infarction is also an important and potentially life-threatening clinical manifestation of paradoxical embolism. Various intracardiac or pulmonary shunts can provide a convenient conduit for an embolus to traverse from the venous vasculature into the systemic circulation with potentially devastating consequences. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman presenting with chest pain and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who ultimately was found to have a sinus venosus atrial septal defect associated with both partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and a persistent left superior vena cava.
Stronger Short-Term Memory, Larger Hippocampi and Area V1 in People with High VVIQ Scores

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reports of individual differences in vividness of visual mental imagery (VMI) scores raise complex questions: Are Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) score differences actually measuring anything? What functions do these differences serve? What is their neurological foundation? A new analysis examined visual short-term memory (VSTM) and volumes of the hippocampi, primary visual cortices, and other cortical regions among vivid and non-vivid visual imagers. In a sample of 53 volunteers aged 54 to 80 with MRI scans, the performance of ten Low VVIQ scorers was compared to that of ten High VVIQ scorers. The groups included an aphantasic with a minimum VVIQ score and a hyperphantasic with a maximum VVIQ score. The study examined volumes for 12 hippocampal subfields, 11 fields implicated in visual mental imagery including area V1 and the fusiform gyrus, and 7 motor regions. In comparison to the Low VVIQ group, High VVIQ group yielded: (i) significantly more accurate VSTM performance; and (ii) significantly larger volumes of the hippocampi and primary visual cortex. Across 47 brain regions, the average volume for the High VVIQ group exceeded that of the Low VVIQ group by 11 percent. For 47 subfields, the volumes of the hphantasic exceeded those of the aphantasic person by an average of 57 percent. Females had more accurate visual short-term memory than males and younger people were more accurate than older people. The larger visual memory capacity of females was unmatched by larger regional volume differences, which suggests that the sex difference in visual memory is caused by factors other than cortical regional size. The study confirms the existence of robust empirical associations between VMI vividness, short-term memory, regional volume of hippocampal subfields and area V1.
SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN AUTONOMOUS LEARNING FACILITY TO ENHANCE WRITING SKILL IN DIGITAL ERA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the using of social media as part of digital medias to enhance writing skill that to be one of issues of Indonesian students. Internet facilities and social media are becoming increasingly important and take a strategic role in most of human activities included education and learning sector. The study was conducted at Tidar University, explored the experiences of second semester students supported the hypothesis that as students from non-English countries enter the globalization era where English is the norm, they are faced with the challenge of learning a new language especially in writing which has many requirements to make it such as vocabularies, grammar ideas and habit as a prerequisite to successful and further thriving .The fact that Indonesian students often played digital media as online communication stimulates young learners social connectedness. Academic achievement would also benefit from their activities, having access to a teaching material aimed at delivering skills for the use of Internet and digital technology. From the qualitative research done, the writer explored the new trend of digital media especially using social media to enhance writing ability as the facilities in autonomous learning because they are confronted with social media in their daily life anyway where they could use many channels they wanted to receive the information and learnt to share their writing freely and comfortably. From findings, it can be concluded that social media boosts the writing proficiency, influences the autonomy and promotes independent of learning writing, improves the vocabularies references, increases the confidences, explores the experience and styles also solves other academic difficulties such as grammatical rules, exploring and also developing ideas
Clerical Misconduct in the Church of Sweden 2000–2004

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Church of Sweden, being the national Lutheran Church, was disestablished in 2000 and former state obligations were transferred to the church. Major changes were effected in the oversight of the clergy and all complaints were thereafter to be handled by the church itself. This article considers empirical data concerning those complaints and makes an evaluative comparison with the previous system.
Integrating open data reuse into the business models of German companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the existing large quantity of open data and new emerging datasets, businesses have new opportunities to create and capture value from open data reuse. But unlike other countries such as the UK or the US, companies in Germany are rarely engaging in such activities. In line with this, the purpose of this paper is to identify ways in which open data can be integrated into the business models of German firms. It also aims to outline the challenges that German companies face in the business reuse of open data and to identify ways in which these can be overcome. To study the business model of each company, the current study focuses on six distinctive business model elements, and investigates how open data can be integrated into these. For the analysis, the study uses a combination of desk research and a case study approach, analyzing secondary data from 29 open data companies in Germany and conducting semi-structured interviews with representatives from seven of those. The research findings describe numerous possibilities for open data integration into companies’ business models and show that there is great economic potential for German companies willing to engage in open data reuse.
Relationship between soil conditions and road quality degradation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Roads are one of the infrastructures that are greatly needed by the community. One component of the road pavement structure is the subgrade. Road damage may be caused by a decrease in the quality of the subgrade. Therefore, this study aims to explain the relationship between soil conditions and the decline in road quality. The location of the study is on Jalan Lampur-Munggu, Lampur Village, Sungai Selan District, Central Bangka Regency. This study was conducted at STA 0+000 to STA 1+285 which were divided into 52 segments where the length of each segment was 25 m. Soil condition data was taken at 10 points. The results of the study showed that the road pavement condition index value obtained was 44.7, which is in the poor category. Furthermore, the California Bearing Ratio value for the soil conditions obtained was 8.08%, which is classified as quite good. It can be concluded for this case that the degradation in road quality is not affected by the California Bearing Ratio value of the subgrade. However, it is better to still consider other factors of soil conditions that can accelerate road damage.
One Europe, One Vote?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many Europeans support common European Union (EU) representation in international institutions. But such a pooling of international political influence raises complex and controversial issues. A common European foreign policy position implies compromise among EU members. The pooling of international representation thus requires, as with many internal EU policies, that member states weigh the potential benefits of a common policy against the potential costs of a policy not to their liking. There can be a tradeoff between the advantages of scale and the disadvantages of overriding heterogeneous preferences. Simple spatial models help to make this point, to clarify the circumstances in which a common European international representation is most likely, and to explain who is most likely to support or oppose a pooling of European foreign policies.
Continuity and Change in Soviet Ideology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| October 01 1975 Continuity and Change in Soviet Ideology R. Judson Mitchell R. Judson Mitchell Associate Professor of Political Science, University of New Orleans R. Judson Mitchell has written about Soviet ideology for Review of Politics, Orbis, Studies in Comparative Communism, and other publications. He was a contributor to the 1974 and 1975 editions of Yearbook on International Communist Affairs; to Jan F. Triska (ed.), Communist Party-States (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969); and to Morton A. Kaplan (ed.), Great Issues of International Politics, 2d ed. (Chicago: Alpine, 1974). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1975) 69 (409): 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1975.69.409.137 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. Judson Mitchell; Continuity and Change in Soviet Ideology. Current History 1 October 1975; 69 (409): 137–141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1975.69.409.137 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1975 by The Regents of the University of California1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Characterization of Rat Aortic Fragment within Collagen Gel as an Angiogenesis Model; Capillary Morphology may Reflect the Action Mechanisms of Angiogenesis Inhibitors.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A fragment of rat thoracic aorta within type I collagen gel was employed as a model of angiogenesis, including the processes of cell migration, proliferation and capillary tube formation. Endogenous angiogenic factors in this model were studied. Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, and proteolytic enzyme activities (matrix metalloprotease-2; MMP-2 and plasminogen activator; PA) increased during angiogenesis. The angiogenesis was inhibited by VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor and MMP inhibitor, confirming that these endogenous factors played an important role in angiogenesis. Interestingly, these inhibitors induced different capillary morphologies, including differences of cell migration and sprouting. Furthermore, dexamethasone (a down-regulator of MMP and PA) and TNP-470 (an endothelial cell growth inhibitor) induced another capillary morphology. The results suggest that the capillary structure in this model is dramatically influenced by the inhibition of angiogenic signalling and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. We also found that a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, the microbial metabolite luminacin, which was recently identified by us (Wakabayashi et al., J. Antiobiot., 53, 591-596 (2000)), induced a different morphology compared with other inhibitors examined, suggesting that it has a unique mechanism of action. Our results indicate that this rat aorta model should be useful for screening novel angiogenesis inhibitors.
Disparity in circulating adiponectin multimers between term and preterm infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims: To study circulating levels and distribution of adiponectin multimers [low molecular weight (LMW)-, medium molecular weight (MMW)- and high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin] in preterm and full-term infants. Methods: Total serum adiponectin and its multimers were measured in 40 healthy infants at the age of one month and associations with anthropometric parameters [body weight and length, body mass index (BMI)], weight gain and metabolic indices (glucose, insulin) were examined. Twenty of the infants were born preterm (gestational age 33.2±1.6 weeks). Results: LMW-adiponectin level and its fractional ratio to total adiponectin were significantly higher in full-term than in preterm infants (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively), whereas, MMW-adiponectin level and its ratio were significantly lower (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively). HMW-adiponectin did not differ significantly between full-term and preterm infants and accounted for almost 60% of total adiponectin levels in both groups. HMW-adiponectin, but not MMW adiponectin or LMW adiponectin, correlated significantly with anthropometric measurements, similarly to total adiponectin; in addition, HMW adiponectin correlated significantly with weight gain. Conclusions: HMW adiponectin is the most prevalent form in infants. Circulating levels and distribution of MMW- and LMW-adiponectin differ between full-term and preterm infants, but the role of these adiponectin multimers needs to be studied further.
Continuous Subjective Workload Assessment Technique

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite the wide usage of the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), it has two main problems: it is not so sensitive at low mental workload and it requires a card sorting procedure that is time consuming. This paper suggests improvements to the original SWAT scale. The card sorting procedure has been replaced by a pair-wise comparison procedure similar to that of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration- Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). In addition, a continuous scale is used instead of the discrete SWAT scale. This Continuous SWAT scale (C-SWAT) has been compared experimentally with the original SWAT scale using simple arithmetic tasks. Results show that the “new ” procedure takes significantly less time than the original card sorting procedure. The results also seem to indicate that C-SWAT is sensitive at low mental workloads. At medium mental workloads, the SWAT and C-SWAT scales give similar results.
Kraft pulping of Eucalyptus nitens wood chips biotreated by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Eucalyptus nitens and E. globulus are wood species used in kraft pulping in Chile and Australia. Although E. nitens adapts very well to cold regions it requires more severe cooking conditions to produce bleachable kraft pulps. An attempt was made to find out whether a pre‐treatment with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora would improve its performance during kraft pulping and the pulp properties. The biotreatment of the chips carried out for a period of 15 days resulted in 13.3% lignin loss and a limited glucan degradation (2%). The pulping of biotreated samples required lower active alkali charge to reach the target kappa number compared to the control untreated sample and exhibited better pulping selectivity. The pulp yield increased by 3% and 1.5% for the pulps of 22 and 16 kappa numbers, respectively. The biotreated pulp's strength properties were improved and were similar to those of E. globulus reference pulp. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Activating lattice oxygen by a defect-engineered Fe2O3–CeO2 nano-heterojunction for efficient electrochemical water oxidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Self-supporting Fe 2 O 3 –CeO 2 nano-heterojunction electrodes with rich oxygen vacancies present high catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction, where defect-engineering promotes the interfacial interaction and activates the lattice oxygens.
Effect of Health Literacy on Attitudes Toward Cancer Screening Among Individuals Aged 30–70

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to examine the variables affecting the health literacy level and attitude towards cancer screening in individuals between the ages of 30 and 70 and to determine the effect of health literacy level on the attitude towards cancer screening. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 800 participants. Data were collected through self‐reporting using the Personal Characteristics Information Form, the Turkish Health Literacy Scale, and the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening. Results The study revealed that scores on the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening varied significantly based on age, educational level, income status, presence of health insurance, history of cancer screening ( p < 0.001), confirmed cancer diagnosis, gender ( p = 0.001), and presence of chronic illness ( p = 0.005). Similarly, Turkish Health Literacy Scale scores differed significantly according to age, marital status, place of residence, educational level, income, chronic illness status ( p < 0.001), and gender ( p = 0.002). Furthermore, the Turkish Health Literacy Scale score was identified as a significant predictor of the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening score. ( β = 0.423, p < 0.05). Conclusion Higher health literacy was associated with a positive attitude towards cancer screening. Nurses can contribute to the development of a positive attitude towards cancer screening in society through counseling and training initiatives to increase health literacy.
Data from Comparison of Biomarker Assays for <i>EGFR</i>: Implications for Precision Medicine in Patients with Glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and are in desperate need of better therapies. As therapeutic decisions are increasingly guided by biomarkers, and EGFR abnormalities are common in GBM, thus representing a potential therapeutic target, we systematically evaluated methods of assessing <i>EGFR</i> amplification by multiple assays. Specifically, we evaluated correlation among fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH), a standard assay for detecting <i>EGFR</i> amplification, with other methods.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were used for all assays. <i>EGFR</i> amplification was detected using FISH (<i>N</i> = 206) and whole-exome sequencing (WES, <i>N</i> = 74). <i>EGFR</i> mRNA expression was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, <i>N</i> = 206) and transcriptome profiling (RNAseq, <i>N</i> = 64). EGFR protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC, <i>N</i> = 34). Significant correlations among various methods were determined using Cohen's kappa (κ = 0.61–0.80 defines substantial agreement) or <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> statistics.</p>Results:<p><i>EGFR</i> mRNA expression levels by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and RT-PCR were highly correlated with <i>EGFR</i> amplification assessed by FISH (κ = 0.702). High concordance was also observed when comparing FISH to WES (κ = 0.739). RNA expression was superior to protein expression in delineating <i>EGFR</i> amplification.</p>Conclusions:<p>Methods for assessing <i>EGFR</i> mRNA expression (RT-PCR, RNAseq) and copy number (WES), but not protein expression (IHC), can be used as surrogates for <i>EGFR</i> amplification (FISH) in GBM. Collectively, our results provide enhanced understanding of available screening options for patients, which may help guide EGFR-targeted therapeutic approaches.</p></div>
Recombinant Expression, In Vitro Refolding and Characterizing Disulfide Bonds of a Mouse Inhibitory C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor Nkrp1b

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As a part of the innate immunity, NK (Natural Killer) cells provide an early immune response to different stimuli, e.g. viral infections and tumor growths. However, their functions are more complex; they play an important role in reproduction, alloimmunity, autoimmunity and allergic diseases. NK cell activities require an intricate system of regulation that is ensured by many different receptors on a cell surface which integrate signals from interacting cells and soluble factors. One way to understand NK cell biology is through the structure of NK receptors, which can reveal ligand binding conditions. We present a modified protocol for recombinant expression in Escherichia coli and in vitro refolding of the ligand-binding domain of the inhibitory Nkrp1b (SJL/J) protein. Nkrp1b identity and folding was confirmed using mass spectrometry (accurate mass of the intact protein and evaluation of disulfide bonds) and one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The intention is to provide the basis for conducting structural studies of the inhibitory Nkrp1b protein, since only the activating Nkrp1a receptor structure is known.
Depth Profiling by Microspectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses the use of infrared (IR) and Raman microspectroscopy to investigate the structural variation with depth of solid samples. For IR spectroscopy the common approach is destructive, in that the sample is sectioned and the spectra are collected along the exposed face using transmission, reflection, or attenuated total reflection (ATR) methods. IR microspectroscopy does not lend itself to useful nondestructive approaches, except in the case of the ATR objective, which allows for a small degree of depth profiling by applying internal reflection elements of different refractive indexes leading to a change in the penetration depth. In contrast, Raman microspectroscopy is well suited to depth profiling studies. In the case of destructive approaches, it is similar to IR but has a much higher spatial resolution of about 1 µm compared with a practical limit of 10 µm or more for IR. Because of the confocal nature of many Raman microspectrometers there is also the possibility of resolution along the optical axis so that the signal results from around the focal plane only. If the microspectrometer is operated in confocal mode it is possible, without any sample preparation, for spectra to be collected from within the sample, a process known as “optical slicing”. While there have been some reports demonstrating the efficacy of this approach, there have also been warnings relating to the accuracy of the method. Theoretical ray tracing analysis indicates that inaccuracies exist in the definition of the sampling volume and its depth within the sample.