jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sacred Cows and Water Buffalo in India: The Uses of Ethnography [and Comments and Reply]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1958-59 and in 1977-78, we undertook holistic ethnographic studies of a village in northern India. Profound technoenvironmental change occurred in the 18-year period between the two studies. With regard to cattle, the principal change was a shift from bullock power to machinery. This provided the basis for a test of the two principal positions that have been taken in the sacred-cow controversy: (1) technoenvironmental determinism, which denies that religious belief is an independent determinant of Indian cattle demography, and (2) the position that religious belief is one of a number of factors that affect the demography of Indian cattle. Our data demonstrate that belief in the sanctity of the cow significantly influences the demography of cattle in this village. In an attempt to evaluate the sacred-cow controversy, we note two characteristics of its history: First, it appears to reflect a tendency to dismiss obvious explanations in favor of unexpected ones. Second, the lack of relevant field data for deciding the issue suggests a general decline in holistic ethnographic studies. We argue that our article illustrates the usefulness of analytical holistic ethnography.
Some comments on the recent results about the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational field of the Earth with the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

With quantitative numerical simulations we show that the secular variations of the even zonal harmonics of the geopotential do affect the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect with the nodes of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II at a \sim 14% level. Thus, the 1-sigma total error in the performed test with the 2nd generation CHAMP-only EIGEN2 Earth gravity model amounts to 51%, contrary to 18% claimed by Ciufolini.
Hechos hierofánicos y experiencias místicas del sincretismo religioso en México

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the most precious aspects of the research into Latin American cultures is undoubtedly religious experience, in regard to both its variety and diversity. Thus, this paper handles the events and situations which are inseparably connected with development of religious syncretism in Mexico. The article analyses historical conditions of syncretisation processes, American Indians’ beliefs, ceremonies and rituals, with particular consideration of Day of the Dead and cult of Our Lady of Guadalupe. The study of diachronic and synchronic profile does not claim the right to periodization of these experiences. It only aims at inquiring into social and cultural circumstances, allowing these cultures to interpret the world in a different way
A reinvestigation of the synthesis of trans-(±)-1,2,3,4,4a,10a-hexahydro [1,4] benzodioxino[2,3-c]pyridine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A reinvestigation of the reaction of threo-(±)-2,3-dibromopentane-1,5-diol 5 with the disodium salt of catechol has shown that the product is (±)-1 -(2,3-dihydro[1,4]benzodioxin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diol 20 and not trans-(±)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,4]benzodioxin 12, as assumed previously. Consequently trans-(±)-1,2,3,4,4a,10a-hexahydro[1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-c]pyridine 3 could not have been isolated earlier, and we now report its unambiguous synthesis via the epoxide 8 as well as the crystal structure of the diol 20.
Will the Eu Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 Inhibit Critical Care Research?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is an inherent tension between critical care research and data protection. Because of their condition it is not possible to ask for the patients' informed consent to be enrolled in observational research at the point of admission to the hospital. Often this is not possible at a later moment either. Yet informed consent is the baseline to be enrolled in research with personal data and exceptions must be allowed for by national legislation. This was the case under Directive 95/96/EC and will be the case under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, Regulation 2016/679 EU) which will replace the Directive from 25 May 2018 onwards. Though being a Regulation and therefore directly applicable in the Member States, the long debate about the research exceptions in the GDPR left many aspects of observational research including the exception to the informed consent principle, mainly to the Member States. It may be assumed that most Member States will leave their present state of the law intact in this respect as that was part of the political compromise. We compared existing national privacy legislation from the perspective of critical care research and found great variation. Although this may not impede the collection of emergency and critical care research with data without prior informed consent in countries which are more responsive to such research, it might be a challenge to exchange such data from the national nodes in European wide research collaboration. We make a case that countries which are not responsive to such research should adapt their legislation in the interests of future critical care patients.
FLIPPED CLASSROOM WITH ASSESSMENT-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES IN CLASS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appears in: ICERI2023 Proceedings Publication year: 2023Pages: 5617-5622ISBN: 978-84-09-55942-8ISSN: 2340-1095doi: 10.21125/iceri.2023.1402Conference name: 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and InnovationDates: 13-15 November, 2023Location: Seville, Spain
Constraining the Parameters of Six Known Transiting Exoplanets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present two new transits of GJ~1214b, five of TrES-lb, two of XO~2b, and one each of TrES~3b)WASP-16b and WASP- 36b. These observations were made with multiple observatories including IRTF-MORIS, Butler University's Holcomb Observatory, SARA-KPNO, and SARA-eTIO. Due to poor conditions and a lack of good comparison stars within the field of view, the parameter values for the radius ratio, inclination, and orbital distance, found for GJ-1214b are not reliable. The timing values, while still suspect, suggest consistency with the current ephemeris. After further analysis, the radius ratio we found for TrES-1b in Sloan r' is 0.0.13501±0.0001l, which differs by 30- from the Winn et al. (2007) value in z'. A possible cause for this inconsistency is wavelength variation by depth. The other parameters found for TrES-1b were consistent with the Winn et al. (2007) values. In the timing analysis, TrES-lb demonstrated a trend which could suggest an incorrect ephemeris. The radius ratio, inclination, orbital distance, etc., found for TrES-3b were consistent with previous values, which can be attributed to smooth data from good observational conditions and a bright comparison star. Likewise, the values found for WASP-16b deviated very little from previous literature. The parameter values for XO-2b and WASP-36b were consistent with previously published values with the exception of their radius ratios. Both TrESvalues, while the lack of observations of \VASP-16b and WASP- 36b caused the respective timing analyses to be inconclusive.
Teacher Perceptions of Factors for Successful Inclusive Early Childhood Education in Hong Kong

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study the authors aimed to examine the differentiability of 5 factors that preschool teachers may perceive as essential for successful implementation of inclusive education in regular classrooms. The 5 hypothetically influential factors were teamwork, curriculum, school support, government support, and stakeholders’ attitudes. Teachers from half-day kindergarten and full-day childcare centre settings in Hong Kong with varying teaching experience were surveyed ( N = 461). Confirmatory factor analysis defined the 5 distinct factors, all of which displayed high scores ( M s > 4 on a 5-point scale). A 2 (experience: low; high) x 2 (school type: half-day kindergarten; full-day childcare centre settings) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found some subtle group differences. Less experienced teachers found stakeholders’ attitudes to be important, and more so than more experienced teachers, whereas full-day childcare centre teachers found teamwork, curriculum, and stakeholders’ attitudes more important than did half-day kindergarten teachers. The findings imply that whereas all 5 factors are perceived by teachers as important for the success of inclusive education, some factors are of greater concern to teachers working in full-day childcare centres than teachers working in half-day kindergartens. The findings provide advice on how best to allocate limited resources across settings with the intention of promoting inclusive education.
Gravity Amplitudes from a Gaussian Matrix Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We reformulate MHV scattering amplitudes in 4D gauge theory and supergravity as correlation functions of bilinear operators in a supersymmetric gaussian matrix model. The model retains the symmetries of an S(4) of radius L and the matrix variables are represented as linear operators acting on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. Bilinear fields of the model generate a current algebra. In the large N double scaling limit where l_pl ~ L / sqrt(N) is held fixed, there is an emergent flat 4D space-time with a built in short distance cutoff.
Addressing Conflict of Interests in Public Procurement in the European Union and the Legal Challenges in Romania and Slovakia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public procurement is the process by which governments as well as other bodies governed by public law purchase products, services and public works. The European Union has adopted legal tools to introduce a certain standard of procedures across its Member States. Nevertheless, there are challenges that remain to be addressed. This article focuses on one area directly connected to both transparency and integrity – conflict of interests. The article first analyses the concept of conflict of interests and how the EU has approached solving conflicts of interests within public procurement. The second part of the article looks into the specifics of two countries that continue to have challenges in addressing conflicts of interests – Romania and Slovakia.
Enterprise Resource Planning: Experiences in Implementing SAP in Project Management Environment.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) could provide significant improvement in efficiency across the company, but only when implemented correctly. Otherwise, ERP system could be a curse and drag the whole enterprise into spiralling inefficiency. Plan for an ERP system and their implementations require an integrated approach to meet the requirements of areas such as engineering, finance, operations and services. This paper describes the experiences in implementing an ERP system, namely SAP, in a water corporation. The case study reveals some of the intricacies that may occur during the planning and implementation stages and the ways to approach them.
The Relationship between Immigrant Settlement and Housing Costs in Global German Cities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the formation of global German cities features, their place in the international economic system and functions in Germany. The economic sphere allows even small German cities to become global. Using the immigrants and foreigners' settlement example in regions and housing prices distribution territorial intra-city differentiation is shown. Housing prices were collected by using a proven author's algorithm. The "immigrants – housing prices" relation helps to correlate the city districts spatial features correspondence. There are seven global cities in the historically determined German system (just like in India, and more only in the USA and China). These are Frankfurt, Munich, Hamburg, Berlin, Dusseldorf, Stuttgart and Cologne. It was found out that all cities are distinguished by a large number and share of immigrants and/or foreigners. In each city there are more than a third part of immigrant population. Immigrants have a significant impact on demographics, reducing the average age of the population. They often settle in more peripheral areas, near industrial or infrastructure facilities. There are also many foreigners from the EU countries in the cities. In general, expensive city centers were identified with a gradual decrease in housing costs in peripheral areas. The western parts of all cities are significantly more expensive. Prices have increased significantly in all cities, with historic city centers and commercial areas typically the most expensive. Of all the cities under the study, only Berlin has the largest share of immigrants in central areas with higher prices (this is due to the city's history of division). In other cities, there is a matching of cheaper areas with higher housing costs. Urban centers experience a wide variety of prices and therefore an uneven distribution. The contrasts are particularly noticeable in Hamburg, while Munich is generally one of the most expensive cities.
Housing and violence to children.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider a heteroscedastic regression model $Y = m(X) + \\sigma(X)\\varepsilon$, where the functions $m$ and $\\sigma$ are "smooth," and $\\varepsilon$ is independent of $X$. The response variable $Y$ is subject to random censoring, but it is assumed that there exists a region of the covariate $X$ where the censoring of $Y$ is "light." Under this condition, it is shown that the assumed nonparametric regression model can be used to transfer tail information from regions of light censoring to regions of heavy censoring. Crucial for this transfer is the estimator of the distribution of $\\varepsilon$ based on nonparametric regression residuals, whose weak convergence is obtained. The idea of transferrring tail information is applied to the estimation of the conditional distribution of $Y$ given $X = x$ with information on the upper tail "borrowed " from the region of light censoring, and to the estimation of the bivariate distribution $P(X \\leq x, Y \\leq y)$ with no regions of undefined mass. The weak convergence of the two estimators is obtained. By-products of this investigation include the uniform consistency of the conditional Kaplan–Meier estimator and its derivative, the location and scale estimators and the estimators of their derivatives.
[Analysis of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection for thyroid carcinoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 985 patients who underwent surgical for thyroid carcinoma plus central lymph node dissection from January 2017 to June 2018 in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Patients were divided into those without (group A, n=973) and with (group B, n=12) chyle leakage. Patients with chyle leakage who underwent left central lymph node dissection were divided into group B1 (n=5) and right central lymph node dissection into group B2 (n=7). Patients with chyle leakage were treated with fat-free diet and negative pressure drainage. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the general condition, surgical pathology, postoperative drainage, hospitalization days, treatment and prognosis of patients in B1 and B2 groups. Results: The incidence of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer was 1.2% (12/985). There were no significant differences in age, sex, size of primary lesion, number of lymph node dissection in central area and number of lymph node metastasis in central area between group A and group B (all P>0.05). The drainage volume on the first day after operation [((51.7±26.7)) ml] and the average hospitalization days [(3.4±0.8) d] in group A were significantly lower than those in group B ([131.3±56.0)]ml, [10.4±2.6)]d). The differences were statistically significant (t value was -5.442, -11.238, respectively, both P<0.001). There were no significant differences in age, size of primary lesion, number of lymph node dissection, number of lymph node metastasis, drainage volume on the first day after operation and average hospitalization days between group B1 and group B2 (all P>0.05). All chyle leakages in group B stopped after conservative management without surgical intervention. Conclusion: The occurrence of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection is a rare complication. It can be cured by conservative treatment such as diet control, pressure bandaging and negative pressure drainage, and generally does not require secondary surgery.
Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in adult patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Ifosfamide, a widely prescribed antineoplasic agent, is frequently associated with kidney dysfunction. Its nephrotoxicity is well documented in children, but data are lacking in adult patients. Methods The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical, biological and histological characteristics of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity. Results We report 34 patients (median age: 41 years) admitted in six French nephrology departments for kidney failure and/or tubular dysfunction. Fifteen patients (44.1%) received cisplatin as part of their chemotherapy. In 6 patients (17.7%), ifosfamide nephrotoxicity was revealed by a proximal tubular dysfunction (PTD), in 5 patients (14.4%) by an acute kidney injury (AKI), in 6 patients (17.7%) by a chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in 17 patients (49.7%) by an association of PTD and AKI. Fourteen renal biopsies (41.2%) were performed and revealed acute tubular necrosis (85.7%), vacuolation (78.6%) and nuclear atypias (71.4%) of renal epithelial cells, interstitial inflammation (71.4%) and fibrosis (57.1%). Electron microscopy showed mitochondrial enlargement and dysmorphic changes suggestive of mitochondrial toxicity. Ten patients (29.4%) progressed to Stage 5 CKD, six (17.6%) required haemodialysis and six patients died during a median follow-up period of 31 months. Risk factors for Stage 5 CKD were age and cisplatin co-administration.
Anger, hostility, and depression in domestically violent versus generally assaultive men and nonviolent control subjects.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Anger, hostility, and depression were examined across four groups: a clinical sample of domestically violent men, two samples of more generally assaultive men, and a nonviolent control group. All subjects (N = 129) were assessed using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The domestically violent men and the generally assaultive men evidenced significantly higher levels of anger and hostility than the control subjects. The anger and hostility scores were very similar in the domestically violent and the generally assaultive men. However, the domestically violent men were more likely to be significantly depressed. The findings support the idea that anger dyscontrol is a key issue in the psychological profile of domestically violent men and indicate the need for clinical attention to depression as well as anger.
Extending open compilers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Domain-specic language implementation is in general not an easy task. This is the main reason that kept them from getting more attention and reaching the expectations of domain-specic language researchers. Implementation of a domain-specic language can be demanding, but also very rewarding. Once the hard work is done, we can prot a lot from the effort invested. The purpose of this paper is to present a domain specic language construction with extending the open compilers. Their source code n available, well organized and clear n gives the language designers a possibility to incorporate their domain specic constructs into the general-purpose language by extending its compiler. In this paper, we present extension of Mono C# compiler with representative domain-specic language.
On the Use of the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Technique

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Consideration is given to several processes that may lead to errors in velocity-of-sound studies employing the stimulated Brillouin scattering technique. These include multimode operation of the laser light source and amplification of the scattered light in the laser cavity. When these effects are eliminated, the measured vhl velocities are in good agreement with the results of ultrasonic studies made at lower frequencies.
Analysis of Effects of Different General Anesthesia Methods on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effects of different general anesthesia methods on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients. Methods Eighty cases of elderly patients to receive surgery in Chongqing Qijiang District People's Hospital between Feb. 2010 and Feb. 2011 were randomly divided into the intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group and total intravenous anesthesia group,40 cases in each group. Postoperative cognitive function in patients were observed. Results By observing and comparing the two groups,there was no significant difference in Mini-Mental State Examination( MMSE) score between total intravenous anesthesia group and intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group( P 0. 05); MMSE scores compared to before anesthesia of both groups have improved significantly,but there was no significant difference between total intravenous anesthesia group and intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group( P 0. 05). POCD incidence of total intravenous anesthesia group was 20. 0%,of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group was 32. 5%,the former significantly lower than the latter( P 0. 05). Postoperative recovery time of total intravenous anesthesia group was( 16. 6 ± 2. 2) d,of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group was( 17. 3 ± 2. 0) d,the difference was not statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion Intravenous combined with inhalation anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia are both feasible and effective in elderly patients in clinical,which can also improvie the postoperative cognitive function in patients and reduce the incidence of POCD,worthy of clinical application.
What is a worldview? A historical and critical analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The word 'worldview' comes from German philosophy and literally signifies an all-inclusive 'vision of the world'. Nowadays, the word has a more generic cultural or geopolitical usage, often associated with an equivocal or indefinite meaning. Looking at its history, this paper intends to clarify the meaning and implications of the term. For such an analysis, two thinkers, Wilhelm Dilthey and Karl Jaspers, both of whom thematised the concept of Weltanschauung at the beginning of the 20th century, will be taken into account. What follows is a brief depiction of some peculiar and constitutive traits of the concept: the composite nature of it; the connection to life; and the both total and personal value of a worldview for the holder of it. This paper suggests that the potential conflictuality between contrary or competing worldviews is not accidental; rather, it is an aspect of such a conceptual constitution, at whose core is a delicate balance between internal strength and external challenge. This is what the paper calls 'the vitality paradox' of a worldview.