jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Searching For Large Extra Dimensions With Minos And Minos+

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Most data from neutrino oscillation experiments are consistent with the standard three-flavor paradigm. With increasing experimental precision, potential effects from high scale physics that could modify oscillations in subtle ways are searched for. One such high scale physics scenario involves large extra dimensions. Following the Large Extra Dimension model, sterile neutrinos arising as Kaluza-Klein states in an extra dimension with size R can mix with the three active neutrinos in 3+1 spacetime, thereby altering the neutrino oscillation probabilities. MINOS reported the strongest constraint on R from a neutrino oscillation experiment, excluding R>0.45μm at 90% C.L. An updated result will be presented, employing a new analysis technique that exploits the full power of both MINOS detectors and including the analysis of MINOS+ beam data which significantly increases the number of events at energies above the three-flavor minimum where the LED model effects are bigger.
Transgenic cotton expressing CYP392A4 double‐stranded RNA decreases the reproductive ability of Tetranychus cinnabarinus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract As a polyphagous pest, Tetranychus cinnabarinus has the ability to overcome the defense of various hosts, and causes severe losses to various economically important crops. Since the interaction between pest and host plants is a valuable clue to investigate potential ways for pest management, we intend to identify the key genes of T. cinnabarinus for its adaption on cotton, then, with RNA interference (RNAi) and transgenic technology, construct a transgenic cotton strain to interfere with this process, and evaluate the effect of this method on the management of the mites. The difference of gene expression of T. cinnabarinus was analyzed when it was transferred to a new host (from cowpea to cotton) through high‐throughput sequencing, and a number of differentially expressed genes involved in detoxification, digestion and specific processes during the development were classified. From them, a P450 gene CYP392A4 with high abundance and prominent over‐expression on the cotton was selected as a candidate. With transgenic technology, cotton plants expressing double‐stranded RNA of CYP392A4 were constructed. Feeding experiments showed that it can decrease the expression of the target gene, result in the reduction of reproductive ability of the mites, and the population of T. cinnabarinus showed an apparent fitness cost on the transgenic cotton. These results provide a new approach to restrict the development of mite population on the host. It is also a useful attempt to control piercing sucking pests through RNAi and transgenic technology.
Application of Incorrect Task of Filtration Theory to Wells Survey Interpretation of Low Permeability Bazhenov Formation Layers

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Mathematical model describing thermohydrodynamic processes in "layer-vertical well" system are created. Based on this model own program code is developed. Numeric math modeling of correct and incorrect filtration theory tasks are made for one Bazhenov layer conditions. It allows to make well survey interpretation and predict oil production for real formations accounting their thermobaric conditions, existing kerogen-containing inclusions and filtration and capacitance characteristics.
Tensile Strength of Poly(lactic acid)/Bleached Short Hemp Fiber Fully Green Composites as Replacement for Polypropylene/Glass Fiber

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The compatibility between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and natural fibers to develop bio-sourced, recyclable, and biodegradable composites remains a commonplace issue. This work highlights that, at least in the case of hemp, pulping and bleaching towards delignified short fibers attained remarkable improvements over untreated hemp strands. This approach differs from usual proposals of chemically modifying hydroxyl groups. Soda-bleached hemp fibers (SBHFs) granted a relatively large bonding surface area and a satisfactory quality of the interphase, even in the absence of any dispersant or compatibilizer. To attain satisfactory dispersion, the matrix and the fibers were subjected to kinetic mixing and to a moderately intensified extrusion process. Then, dog-bone specimens were prepared by injection molding. Up to a fiber content of 30 wt.%, the tensile strength increased linearly with the volume fraction of the dispersed phase. It reached a maximum value of 77.8 MPa, signifying a relative enhancement of about 52%. In comparison, the tensile strength for PLA/hemp strands was 55.7 MPa. Thence, based on the modified rule of mixtures and the Kelly & Tyson modified equation, we analyzed this performance at the level of the constituent materials. The interfacial shear strength (over 28 MPa) and other micromechanical parameters were computed. Overall, this biocomposite was found to outperform a polypropylene/sized glass fiber composite (without coupling agent) in terms of tensile strength, while fulfilling the principles of green chemistry.
Effect of rhenium on solidification of Inconel 718 alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

AbstractAbstractThe effect of rhenium (Re) on the solidification of standard Inconel 718 (St-In718) has been investigated by using experimental alloys containing 2·4, 3·5, and 6·0%Re. Rhenium is one of the most powerful refractory elements that improve the high temperature mechanical properties of Ni base superalloys. Results indicate that solidification starts with precipitation of primary γ phase, which is followed by (γ+ NbC) eutectic and (γ+ Ni2Nb)eutectic. The solidification temperature of the St-In718 is increased by 30 K with the addition of 6%Re. Moreover, the volume fraction of the primary γ is increased, while the volume fraction of eutectic (γ+ NbC) and (γ+ Ni2Nb) are decreased by the addition of Re. Also, increasing Re content enlarges the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS). Finally, the effects of Re on the partition coefficients k of alloying elements to primary γ and to eutectic γ+ NbC were evaluated and Re was found to segregate preferentially to the primary γ.Keywords: NICKEL BASE SUPERALLOYSINCONEL 718RHENIUMSOLIDIFICATIONPOLYCRYSTALLINE
The GPI sidechain of Toxoplasma gondii inhibits parasite pathogenesis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are highly conserved anchors for eukaryotic cell surface proteins. The apicomplexan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii , is a widespread intracellular parasite of warm-blooded animals whose plasma membrane is covered with GPI-anchored proteins, and free GPIs called GIPLs. While the glycan portion is conserved, species differ in sidechains added to the triple mannose core. The functional significance of the Glcα1,4GalNAcβ1- sidechain reported in Toxoplasma gondii has remained largely unknown without understanding its biosynthesis. Here we identify and disrupt two glycosyltransferase genes and confirm their respective roles by serology and mass spectrometry. Parasites lacking the sidechain on account of deletion of the first glycosyltransferase, PIGJ, exhibit increased virulence during primary and secondary infections, suggesting it is an important pathogenesis factor. Cytokine responses, antibody recognition of GPI-anchored SAGs, and complement binding to PIGJ mutants are intact. By contrast, the scavenger receptor CD36 shows enhanced binding to PIGJ mutants, potentially explaining a subtle tropism for macrophages detected early in infection. Galectin-3, which binds GIPLs, exhibits an enhancement of binding to PIGJ mutants, and the protection of galectin-3 knockout mice from lethality suggests that Δ pigj parasite virulence in this context is sidechain dependent. Parasite numbers are not affected by Δ pigj early in the infection in wild-type mice, suggesting a breakdown of tolerance. However, increased tissue cysts in the brains of mice infected with Δ pigj parasites indicate an advantage over wild-type strains. Thus, the GPI sidechain of T. gondii plays a crucial and diverse role in regulating disease outcomes in the infected host. IMPORTANCE The functional significance of sidechain modifications to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor in parasites has yet to be determined because the glycosyltransferases responsible for these modifications have not been identified. Here we present identification and characterization of both Toxoplasmsa gondii GPI sidechain-modifying glycosyltransferases. Removal of the glycosyltransferase that adds the first GalNAc to the sidechain results in parasites without a sidechain on the GPI, and increased host susceptibility to infection. Loss of the second glycosyltransferase results in a sidechain with GalNAc alone, and no glucose added, and has negligible effect on disease outcomes. This indicates GPI sidechains are fundamental to host-parasite interactions.
1177 Multi-Drug Immunosuppression Post-Solid Organ Transplantation Is Associated With Increased Enteric Infection on Multiplex Gastrointestinal Pathogen PCR Testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Diarrhea is a common sequela of solid organ transplantation. Post-transplant diarrhea may be attributed to non-infectious causes including medications, however the contribution of infectious etiology is unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between post-transplant immunosuppression and enteric infection as detected by multiplex gastrointestinal PCR stool testing in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. METHODS: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional analysis of inpatient and outpatient SOT recipients who underwent stool testing with a FilmArray multiplex gastrointestinal pathogen PCR panel (GI PCR panel) during an acute episode of diarrhea from April 2016 to May 2019. The primary endpoint was the detection of any enteric pathogen. Patients were stratified by the number of major classes of immunosuppressive agents, including calcineurin inhibitors, anti-proliferative agents, and corticosteroids, at time of stool testing. RESULTS: We identified 232 SOT patients who underwent a GI PCR panel comprising 52 (23%) lung, 84 (36%) kidney, 41 (18%) heart, and 55 (24%) liver transplants. 92 (40%) tested positive for an enteric pathogen. Patients whose immunosuppressive regimen included 3 medications (n = 139) were more likely to have a gastrointestinal pathogen detected (63, 45%) compared to patients on 2 immunosuppressive medications ( P = 0.02; Figure 1) Renal transplant patients were more likely to have an enteric pathogen detected (60%; P < 0.0001) compared to other organ types, and more likely to be on 3 immunosuppressive medications ( P < 0.01). Viruses, specifically norovirus and sapovirus, and bacteria, including C. difficile and E. coli subtypes, were common in transplant recipients on 2 immunosuppressive agents (Table 1). Of 139 patients on 3 immunosuppressive agents, 89 (59%) were more likely to be on opportunistic infection prophylaxis for CMV and P. jirovecii pneumonia compared to those patients on 2 drugs ( P < 0.001). In the 30 days following stool testing, all SOT recipients, regardless of the number of immunosuppressive drugs, were as likely to visit an emergency room ( P = 0.57), require hospitalization ( P = 0.66), or undergo endoscopic procedures for persistent GI symptoms ( P = 0.78). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal infections, particularly enteric viruses, were common in SOT recipients who underwent a GI PCR panel for an episode of post-transplant diarrhea, with the highest proportion of positive results in patients maintained on 3 or more immunosuppressive agents.
Binding of carbonyls to fish actomyosin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of carbonyls to fish actomyosinSrinivasan Damodaran and John E. KinsellaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 4, 856–859Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00118a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00118a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MOESM2 of In vitro and in vivo exploration of the cellobiose and cellodextrin phosphorylases panel in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum: implication for cellulose catabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2. Sequence alignment of all modeled phosphorylases CdpA, CdpB, CdpC and CbpA from R. cellulolyticum and C. thermocellum cellodextrin phosphorylase (5NZ8). Secondary structure from 5NZ8 (lower line) and the CdpA model (upper line) are also indicated.
Law and Legal Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This collection of papers from the Twentieth British Legal History Conference explores the relationship between substantive law and the way in which it actually worked. Instead of looking at what the courts said they were doing, it is concerned more with the reality of what was happening. To that end, the authors use a wide range of sources, from court records to merchants' diaries and lawyers' letters. The way in which the sources are used reflects the possibilities of legal historical research which are opening up in the twenty-first century, as large databases and digitised images – and even online auction sites – make it a practical possibility to do work at a level which was almost unthinkable only a short time ago.
[Radiobiological effect of 131I radiolabeled recombinant human epidermal growth factor on nude mice with human breast cancer].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The radiobiological effect of 131I radiolabeled recombinant human epidermal growth factor (131I-rhEGF) on nude mice with human breast cancer was assessed in this study. The tissue mainly uptaking 131I-rhEGF was found by tissue distribution assay in mice. The radiation breakdown of the tissue greatly collecting 131I-rhEGF was examined by biochemical test and biopsy in nude mice with human breast cancer. The tissue distribution assay of 131I-rhEGF in mice showed that 131I-rhEGF greatly accumulated in kidney, liver, spleen and blood. The biochemical test and biopsy revealed that 131I -rhEGF injected twice (dosing once is analogous to 14.58 GBq in a person with 50 kg, once every 14 days) had an effective killing effect on tumor but had no effect of radiation breakdown on kidney, liver,spleen and blood-cell forming tissue in mice with human breast cancer. Therefore, 131I-rhEGF is a drug unharmful to normal tissues in the course of the receptor-mediated target radiotherapy for breast cancer.
A case of Gastric Mucosal Bridge with Behcet's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 69-year-old man visiting our hospital with an epigastralgia and tarry stool was diagnosed as having Behçet's disease on the basis of repetitious aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum and arthralgia in 1991. The next year, he suffered from double active ulcers in the antrum of the stomach, and he had been operated on for intestinal perforation. In 1994, endoscopic examination revealed the gastric mucosal bridge between the double ulcers. The double ulcer healed after an eradication therapy of H. pylori, but the gastric mucosal bridge has remained there on the gastrointestinal endoscopy. The gastric mucosal bridge with Behçet's disease has not been reported in Japan, being considered to be very rare.
Transport of the Norwegian Atlantic Current as determined from satellite altimetry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Relatively warm and salty North Atlantic surface waters flow through the Faeroe‐Shetland Channel into the higher latitudes of the Nordic Seas, preserving an ice‐free winter environment for much of the exterior coast of northern Europe. In this study, we have monitored this flow along the Norwegian coast using GEOSAT altimetry on two ascending arcs during the Exact Repeat Mission in 1987–1989. Concurrent undertrack CTD surveys were used to fix a reference surface for the altimeter‐derived sea surface height (SSH) anomalies, in effect creating time series of alongtrack surface dynamic height topographies. Climatologic CTD casts were then used, with empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, to derive relationships between historical surface dynamic heights and vertical temperature and salinity profiles. Applying these EOF relationships to the altimeter signals, we calculated mean transports of volume, heat and salt at approximately 2.9 Sverdrups, 8.1 × 10 11 KCal/s and 1.0 × 10 8 Kg/s, respectively. Although strong variability occurred, a clear seasonal signal could be seen with summer to winter variations of about 50% of the means. Maximum transports occurred in February/March and minimum in July/August.
Modeling of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfers in a Stabilized Earthen Building Envelope with Thatched Fibers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to reduce the heat and mass transfers in buildings, which increase energy bills, the development of composites materials such as earth bricks stabilized with thatch fibers is important for their construction. This paper aims to study a one-dimensional model of heat and moisture transfer through porous building materials. The coupled phenomena of heat and mass transfer are described by the Luikov model. Equations and boundary conditions are discretized using the finite difference method. The results obtained illustrate the temporal evolutions of the temperature and the moisture content, as well as the distributions of the temperature and moisture content inside the wall. The profile of the temperature and water content that are obtained are compared with the other numerical solutions that are available in the literature.
Information quality management: review of an evolving research area

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The importance of quality is widely acknowledged throughout the world, not only for avoiding failure and reducing costs but also for gaining competitive advantage. This article reflects on two approaches of quality management that have gained popularity during the last decades: Total Quality Management (TQM) and Information Quality Management (IQM). The goal of this study is to illustrate the links between TQM and IQM. We will trace the roots of Information Quality to the Total Quality philosophy of the quality gurus that gained popularity in the 1960’s and show how TQM underpins IQM. We also suggest that IQM is coming of age and a new research area in its own right.
Analisis Kendala Budidaya Ikan Nila Dengan Metode Bioflok Di desa Karawana Kec. Dolo Kab. Sigi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Efforts to increase income, provide employment, contribute to the availability of animal protein and increase production activities are part of food security in the aquaculture sector. Based on data reported from the DGT KKP Statistics, (2021) aquaculture can increase production activities, where in 2020 the third quarter of fish farming production reached 11.5 million tons and increased to 12.25 million tons in 2021 in the third quarter. Alternative techniques that can be done as an effort to increase fish farming production results are optimizing the use of biofloc system technology (Pramono et al., 2018; Faridah et al., 2019 and Permana et al., 2021). This biofloc system is a union of living organic substances into the form of blobs, where this biofloc is composed of the word bio which means life while floc means blob. For example, in tilapia farming, to increase production results so that they can ... Meeting market demand can implement a biofloc system. Tilapia is classified as a type of freshwater fish that is in great demand in the market. The advantages of implementing a biofloc system in tilapia farming are environmentally friendly so that it is easy to carry out advanced cultivation, there is efficiency in water utilization, short maintenance period, and maximizing stocking density. In addition to the advantages, there are also obstacles faced, fish farming with a biofloc system such as lack of understanding of fish farming with the biofloc method, directly providing feed without paying attention and lack of water quality control. Furthermore, the research conducted implemented the observational descriptive method.
Jordan test for the Haar-type systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider Haar-type systems, which are generated by a (generally speaking, unbounded) sequence $ \{ p_n \}_{n=1}^\infty $, and which are defined on the modified segment $ [0, 1]^* $, i.\,e., on the segment [0, 1] whose $ \{ p_n \}$-rational points are calculated two times. The main result of this work is a Jordan-type test for the pointwise and uniform convergence of Fourier series with respect to Haar-type systems. It is shown that the test obtained in the paper can not be improved. An example of a function of bounded variation, whose Fourier series with respect to Haar-type system diverges at some point, is constructed in the case of $ \sup\limits_n p_n = \infty$. Thus for any unbounded sequence $ \{ p_n \}_{n=1}^\infty $ there exists a monotone function whose Fourier series with respect to Haar-type system, generated by the given sequence $ \{ p_n \}_{n=1}^\infty $, diverges at some point. It is found that the Jordan test of convergence of Fourier series with respect to Haar-type systems does not differ from the Dini--Lipschitz condition for those systems. As the Dini--Lipschitz condition was considered earlier, the main value of this work is the construction of a corresponding counterexample, i.\,e., the construction of an example (a model) of a function of bounded variation whose Fourier series with respect to Haar-type Systems diverges at some point. In the counterexamples from the earlier works on the Dini--Lipschitz criterion (as well as for all Dini convergence criteria), the functions were {\it not of bounded variation}. The article's conclusion discusses how the Jordan convergence criterion evolved when transitioning from trigonometric systems of functions to Price systems (and to N.Ya. Vilenkin systems), and from there to generalized Haar systems and Haar-type systems.
Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species, Paliphora bicolorata, collected from decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by bicolored conidiophores with 3–4 dark reddish-brown distal cells and golden brown to brown lower cells and cylindrical-fusiform, 1-septate, hyaline conidia. A key to Paliphora species is provided.