jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kelly’s Bridge, border of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, 2016

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Members of the International Appalachian Trail (IAT) gather for a photo at Kelly's Bridge on the border of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland during the annual general meeting of the organization's international council.\n\nRichard Anderson conceived of the IAT in 1993 as an extension of the Appalachian Trail north through Maine and Canada to the continental terminus of the mountain range in Québec. In the decades since, the trail has grown to include sections in over a dozen countries, routed along the geological remnants of the Central Pangean Mountains, including the Appalachians in North America, Europe’s Caledonian Mountains, and the Atlas Mountains in Africa. As of 2023, the IAT links 6,000 miles of trail ringing the Atlantic Ocean, including a portion running through Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The trail connecting the two countries was hailed as historic, given the region's history of conflict.
Label Distribution Learning by Exploiting Fuzzy Label Correlation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Researchers have proposed to exploit label correlation to alleviate the exponential-size output space of label distribution learning (LDL). In particular, some have designed LDL methods to consider local label correlation. These methods roughly partition the training set into clusters and then exploit local label correlation on each one. Each sample belongs to one cluster and therefore has only one local label correlation. However, in real-world scenarios, the training samples may have fuzziness and belong to multiple clusters with blended local label correlations, which challenge these works. To solve this problem, we propose in LDL fuzzy label correlation (FLC)-each sample blends, with fuzzy membership, multiple local label correlations. First, we propose two types of FLCs, i.e., fuzzy membership-induced label correlation (FC) and joint fuzzy clustering and label correlation (FCC). Then, we put forward LDL-FC and LDL-FCC to exploit these two FLCs, respectively. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to justify that LDL-FC and LDL-FCC statistically outperform state-of-the-art LDL methods.
The Evolution of Surgery for Renovascular Occlusive Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal artery stenotic disease is the most common form of surgically correctable hypertension. Occlusive lesions of the renal artery are categorized as: arteriosclerotic, fibrodysplastic (intimal fibroplasia, medial fibrodysplasia, perimedial dysplasia) and developmental. The incidence of stroke, heart disease and renal failure has been reduced with contemporary drug management of hypertensive vascular disease, but similar salutary outcomes have not accompanied the medical treatment of renin-mediated renovascular hypertension. Selection of patients for operation implies documentation that a renal artery stenosis is of functional importance. Advances in the surgical management of renovascular hypertension have evolved over the past 50 years, such that carefully performed reconstructions benefit 85–95% of properly selected patients.
SH0968502.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Education During Pandemic: The Adoption of Learning Resource on Wifi Hub Expanded Electronic Learning in Sarangani (LR on WHEeLs) in Alabel 4 District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to look into teachers' willingness to use the Learning Resources on Wi-Fi Hub for Expanded e-Learning (LR on WHEeLs) as a flexible learning option to extend the reach of e-learning to remote villages, particularly those outside of the service coverage of major telecommunications companies and internet service providers. This study employs quantitative research, with data collected via an online survey questionnaire. Purposive sampling was also used to select respondents from Alegria National High School. The collected data was statistically analyzed using weighted mean. The teachers' readiness on LR on WHEeLs anchored to the uses of ICT revealed the following: first, the school staff and the department as a whole provide ICT professional development. Second, ICT-based activities and materials for teaching were frequently used, and subsequently, teachers were confident in their ICT skills. This indicates that the majority of teacher-respondents had adapted to so-called 21st-century learners. However, it has been revealed that the difficulties encountered by participants in the use of LR on WHEeLs include a lack of interest on the part of teachers, a lack of benefit from using Technology in teaching and learning, and an absence of adequate content/materials. As a result, proper reinforcement must be provided to teachers through training, orientation, and seminars, as well as the provision of the support needed and materials for the use of LR on WHEeLs.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR DIFFERENT USES IN DWELLING AND ITS ESTIMATION FORMULAS : Study of energy consumption in residential buildings from the viewpoint of life style on the basis of national scale surveys Part 1

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Related surveys were carried out in summer of 1992 and winter of 1993 on energy consumption, indoor climate and life style in residential buildings. Samples of the surveys consist of three types of residential buildings, i.e., detached houses, condominiums and apartments. They are located in eight city areas of broad climatic conditions. Life style factors were measured with questionnaires, indoor temperature was measured in each living room for at least a week with originally designed automatic temperature recorder, and energy consumption data other than that of kerosene was obtained from supply companies. The data of kerosene was obtained in the questionnaires. In this paper, actual energy consumption for difference uses in thirty-nine resi-dential building groups are estimated with the same procedure. Determinant factors of energy consumption for heating, cooling,domestic hot water, lighting etc. and cooking are analyzed, and as a result estimation formulas are obtained.
CSD 2016602: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Connections of midbrain periaqueductal gray in the monkey. I. Ascending efferent projections

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. To obtain a comprehensive map of the ascending projection of the midbrain periaqueductal gray, small amounts of [3H]leucine were injected into discrete regions of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the monkey. 2. Despite the fact that different regions of the PAG were injected in separate animals, the majority of the PAG's efferent projections to the forebrain remained constant. 3. The diencephalic projection areas include the nucleus reticularis thalami, the nucleus medialis dorsalis, the midline thalamic nuclei, the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the preoptic area, and the anterior, dorsal, periventricular, ventromedial, periarcurate, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic nuclei. 4. More caudal areas receiving a projection from the PAG include the zona incerta and the mesencephalic reticular formation. 5. The main route for PAG-diencephalic projections is through the periventricular bundle. This implies that if a stimulating electrode was placed in this region, both the diencephalic leads to PAG and PAG leads to diencephalic pathways would be stimulated. This observation may explain the wide variety of side effects often encountered in stimulation-produced analgesia in humans. 6. These results support our hypothesis that the PAG functions as a visceral, nociceptive, and cognitive integrator.
Black-box language model explanation by context length probing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Token-level metrics from the paper Black-box language model explanation by context length probing. The metrics were computed on the UD_English_LinES development set using the preds_to_metrics script from the repository. The archives were created using PyTorch 1.11.0 and can be loaded using torch.load. Each file contains a dictionary mapping metric names to PyTorch tensors. The first two dimensions of each tensor correspond to target token position (within the whole dataset) and context length, respectively. Code for processing the metrics is included in the process_metrics notebook. The metrics are provided for research purposes, in particular to enable reproducing results from the paper without having to recompute or store the model predictions.
A web-based system for automating the assessment question setting and assessment activities for Primary School mathematics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project was carried out in order to develop an online assessment system that is highly flexible and capable of generating infinite questions. The initial focus of this project is on Singapore’s education system, the national Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE). However, this system is developed with the possibility of expansion to other standards, such as GCE ‘N’, ‘O’ and ‘A’ Level, and possibly even other education systems. This system also generates questions in the form of open-ended word problem questions. Besides examining the student's capability of understanding mathematical concepts, the system can also test the student’s ability to discover the word problem in a given question and form a solution to identify problem. Online assessment systems usually require a databank for the questions. However, modeling the questions dynamically into templates would allow smaller databases, as many unique questions can be generated from a single template. There will also be no concern that the same question would be repeated. This will make the system more flexible, as well as support the possibility of expansion. This is because the system will be able to generate the questions regardless of standard or topic, as long the question type is modeled into a template correctly. Hence, the method of modeling is used in this project to generate questions and providing individual analysis progress report.
Teeth asymmetry in turner syndrome: A log-linear approach

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to investigate frequencies of the tooth (4571 pair) asymmetry in the sample of 40 patients with Turner syndrome (24 - 45, X ; 7 - mosaic form ; 9 - structural defect of the X chromosome). The comparative sample was 80 healthy females. Measurements were recorded from dental plaster casts with the calliper O.IO mm gradation. The mesiodistal (MD), buccolingual (BL) and cervicoincisal (CI) crown diameter of permanent teeth (except third molars) were measured. The sym.metries were analysed through variable DELTA (~) calculated as differences between diameters of the three values (MD, BL, CI) on the Ieft and right side of dental arch. Log-linear analysis showed that frequency of asymmetry depends on classification of patients into 4 groups, and, independently, on measured teeth dimension. The asymmetry was not confirmed in healthy females in 96.82 % pairs of teeth, while in the Turner syndrome group, this percentage is in range from 44.03% till 49.37%. Asymmetry was find out on central incisor, second premolar and second molar (x2=37.54 ; d~18). BL dimension was significantly asymmetrical (x2=27.34 ; df=--6). The frequency and magnitude of asymmetry was higher in the group of mosaic form, and structural defect of X chromosome (xz=17.3 I ; d~6). Aneuploidy may result in an overall decrease in developmental homeostasis which influences diminishing of symmetry in the cases of Turner syndrome.
Optical conductivity of hydrogenated graphene from first principles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the effect of hydrogen coverage on the optical conductivity of single-side hydrogenated graphene from first principles calculations. To account for different degrees of uniform hydrogen coverage we calculate the complex optical conductivity for graphene supercells of various sizes, each containing a single additional hydrogen atom. We use the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method, as implemented in the WIEN2k density functional theory code, to show that the hydrogen coverage strongly influences the complex optical conductivity and thus the optical properties, such as absorption, of hydrogenated graphene. We find that the optical conductivity of graphene in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet range has different characteristic features depending on the degree of hydrogen coverage. This opens up new possibilities to tailor the optical properties of graphene by reversible hydrogenation, and to determine the hydrogen coverage of hydrogenated graphene samples in the experiment by contact-free optical absorption measurements.
Effect of herbal growth promoter on the performance and economics of broiler chicken production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Day old chicks of Vencob strain (n=210) were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with six replicates having 7 chicks in each reared in deep litter. The birds in control group (To) were offered a standard diet, i.e. broiler starter mash from 0 to 20 days and finisher mash from 21 to 42 days of age. The feed offered to other four treatment groups was also the same as in To, but supplemented with various levels of Magacal i.e. @ 0.250 g (T1), 0.375 g (T2), 0.500 g (T3) and 0.625 g (T4) per kg feed, respectively. The average body weight and daily gain in weight was higher (P<0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T4, T1 and the least in T0 Total feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was similar in all the treatment groups. The livability rate ranged between 96.07 to 100 per cent in all the groups. Performance index (PI) of birds was best in T3 followed by T2, T4, T1 and T0 group. Dressing percentage was higher (P<0.05) in T3 but it did not vary in other groups. The values for serum glucose and cholesterol were higher (P< 0.05) in To but were comparable in the other groups. Serum calcium was lower (P< 0.05) in the To than the other ones. The values of serum phosphorus, protein and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) were similar in all groups. The values for serum alkaline phosphates and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were higher (P< 0.05) in T3 followed by T4, T1, T2 and the least in To groups. The overall cost of production ranged between 70.11 to 74.14 Rs./bird in the five groups and the net profit (Rs/kg live wt) was highest (10.67) in T3 and lowest (8.07) in To group. It was concluded that use of Magacal @ 0.500g/kg feed was beneficial in terms of superior live weight, feed conversion efficiency, performance index, dressing percentage, serum cholesterol and overall economy of rearing in particular and other parameters in general as compared to other combinations.
Disentangle and denoise: Tackling context misalignment for video moment retrieval

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video Moment Retrieval, which aims to locate in-context video moments according to a natural language query, is an essential task for cross-modal grounding. Existing methods focus on enhancing the cross-modal interactions between all moments and the textual description for video understanding. However, constantly interacting with all locations is unreasonable because of uneven semantic distribution across the timeline and noisy visual backgrounds. This paper proposes a cross-modal Context Denoising Network (CDNet) for accurate moment retrieval by disentangling complex correlations and denoising irrelevant dynamics.Specifically, we propose a query-guided semantic disentanglement (QSD) to decouple video moments by estimating alignment levels according to the global and fine-grained correlation. A Context-aware Dynamic Denoisement (CDD) is proposed to enhance understanding of aligned spatial-temporal details by learning a group of query-relevant offsets. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed CDNet achieves state-of-the-art performances.
Current state of myocardial revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In most cases, severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a consequence of ischemic heart disease. In clinical condition, current recommendations support myocardial revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy by performing coronary artery bypass grafting. Information on safety and effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic heart failure is limited. The aim of this review is to study the current state of this problem.
Dryports - a global perspective: challenges and developments in serving hinterlands.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As centres for logistics activities, seaports have traditionally been the focus of maritime logistics chains. However, changes in production patterns, supported by the development of rapid transport of goods over long distances, have altered the logistics landscape. As a result, the relevance of port hinterland transport has become more important, with a consequent need for the high utilisation of transport resources and infrastructure through the consolidation of cargo flows and for seaports to extend their influence within their hinterlands to increase their competitiveness.The development worldwide of inland ports, terminals and dryports in their various forms, together with associated new functions and strategies, address these challenges in diverse ways to realise the potential benefits that come from the successful implementation of inland ports that connect seamlessly into transportation systems. This book comprises case studies and state-of-the-art examples of dryports in different parts of the world that have varying economic, social, institutional and environmental realities and which exhibit the complexity of, and diverse approaches to, this recent logistics phenomenon
Construction and Experimental Study of a 3-Dof Haptic Master for Interactive Operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel 3-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) haptic master with rubber bands for self-resetting. The mechanical design avoids coupling between three directions mechanically by using three perpendicular axis intersecting at one point. Bevel gear transmission is adopted to increase the compactness of the overall structure. VR-based interactive system is designed and built by incorporating the proposed haptic master. The proposed haptic device can generate force feedback along 3-degree-of-freedom motion using motors and provide command signals to the avatar in the virtual environment. In order to analyze the performance of the developed device in terms of haptic feedback operation, ergonomics assessments are designed and experimentally implemented. Preliminary studies on the influencing factor including the guidance force, the reset force, the speed of the avatar and the arm the length have been conducted. The results of this paper are of great significance for the design of the haptic master and interactive system.
S1837 First Case of Brentuximab-Induced Colitis in a Non-Stem Cell Transplant Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Drug-induced colitis (DIC) occurs more often than we encounter. Many cases of DIC go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to lack of knowledge of medication side effects. Many chemotherapeutic drugs such as mycophenolate, anti-PD-1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors are well known to cause DIC. We present the first case of DIC associated with an emerging and promising treatment for CD30+ Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL): Brentuximab (Bxb). Case description/methods: A 71-year-old female with a past medical history of CD30+ HL was treated with two rounds of Bxb, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AAVD). She complained of severe abdominal pain that started after the 1st dose and worsened after the 2nd dose of the first cycle. She was not neutropenic. CTA demonstrated thickened rectum, sigmoid colon and left colon with patent mesenteric vessels. C difficile and CMV PCR were also negative. Colonoscopy revealed patchy mild inflammation throughout the entire colon, but more pronounced on the left side. Biopsies revealed colonic mucosa with acute cryptitis, crypt microabscesses and scattered apoptotic bodies with a negative CMV histochemical stain. DIC due to Bxb was suspected and it was removed from her AAVD regimen. She reported complete resolution of symptoms with follow up CT revealing resolution of colitis and colonoscopy demonstrated healing of previous ulcers and resolution of inflammation. Discussion: Bxb is an anti-CD30 antibody that selectively targets cancer cells expressing CD30 on their cell surface. Adverse effects of brentuximab include vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Initially, Bxb was approved for HL that had relapsed or failed stem-cell transplant (SCT). However, in 2018 it was approved as a first-line agent for stage III or IV HL. To our knowledge, there is only one other case of Bxb-associated colitis in the literature. It was reported by Parente et al. in a patient who underwent stem cell transplant, making it difficult to differentiate from graft-versus-host-disease. We, therefore, present the first case of brentuximab-induced colitis in a patient with no history of SCT. With expansion of approval of Bxb as a first-line agent for stage III/IV HL, we may encounter more cases of DIC due to Bxb and should, therefore, be cognizant of that complication.Figure 1.: Colonoscopy image of the left colon showing diffuse erythema, loss of vascularity, and exudates. Figure 2. Multiple discrete shallow ulcers at the rectosigmoid junction. Figure 3. Photomicrograph (10x) demonstrating colonic mucosa with edematous lamina propria (black arrow), acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (green arrow), and neutrophilic cryptitis (yellow arrow). Figure 4. Higher magnification (20x) showing crypts with crowded enlarged nuclei with mucin loss (red arrows), mitotic figure (blue arrow), and apoptotic bodies (green arrow). Figure 5. Histopathology with a negative CMV stain. Figure 6. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrating partially collapsed descending and sigmoid colon with mild wall thickening.