jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An evidence based proposal to change practice in the assessment and documentation of the spiritual needs of palliative care patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Assessing the spiritual needs of patients is fundamental to providing holistic care, particularly within a palliative setting (Department of Health, 2008). This proposal is set within a hospice which provides care through inpatient, hospice-­at-­home and day services. ‘Spirituality’ is identified in the admission, multidisciplinary team meeting and care of the dying templates of the electronic records, but these are rarely completed and usually limited to patient's affiliation to a particular religion. Whilst some spiritual care occurs informally, it is evident from the inadequacy of documentation that staff lack understanding and confidence in this aspect of care. Lewin’s (1947) “unfreeze-­change-­refreeze” model will be used to plan, implement and evaluate the proposed change in practice, which aims to introduce a more effective spirituality assessment process and improve the documentation of patients’ spiritual needs. The literature shows that the definition of spirituality is changing from the purely ‘religious’ to a broader understanding about people’s core values and beliefs. This is reflected in the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines, which recommend that healthcare workers assess patient’s spiritual needs, in order to inform care planning and referral for specialist support. A multidisciplinary approach to providing spiritual care is suggested, based on the Marie Curie Cancer Care (2003) Spiritual and Religious Care Competencies for Specialist Palliative Care. Identifying spiritual needs is an essential part of the role of healthcare staff, especially at the end of life. Lack of education leaves staff feeling ill-­equipped and lacking confidence in talking to patients about their spiritual needs. Providing experience-­based education and the use of an assessment tool have been shown to improve assessment and documentation. A small multidisciplinary team will use the collaborative approach of co-operative inquiry (Heron, 1996) to: reflect on and ‘unfreeze’ the current situation; develop experiential workshops and introduce a spirituality assessment tool to instigate a ‘change’ in practice; use staff reflections, in an ongoing cycle of reflection and action, to inform improvements in the education and the assessment tool; and develop a spirituality policy that provides standards for staff education and patient care to establish the ‘refreeze’ -­ embedding the change into the everyday care of patients within the hospice services. Formative evaluations and reflections of the stakeholders will inform the ongoing development of the change process. Summative evaluations will show whether the education and implementation of a spiritual assessment tool has effectively improved the assessment and documentation of spiritual care needs.
The STARD Statement for Reporting Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy: Explanation and Elaboration

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy is less than optimal. Complete and accurate reporting is necessary to enable readers to assess the potential for bias in the study and to evaluate the generalisability of the results. A group of scientists and editors has developed the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) statement to improve the reporting the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy. The statement consists of a checklist of 25 items and flow diagram that authors can use to ensure that all relevant information is present. This explanatory document aims to facilitate the use, understanding and dissemination of the checklist. The document contains a clarification of the meaning, rationale and optimal use of each item on the checklist, as well as a short summary of the available evidence on bias and applicability. The STARD statement, checklist, flowchart and this explanation and elaboration document should be useful resources to improve reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies. Complete and informative reporting can only lead to better decisions in healthcare.
An Attempt to Measure the Rise of American Inventing and the Decline of Patenting

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

s have the special advantage of being measures of inventive output, the first valid ones ever presented, whereas all the rest measure input, inventive effort. When plotted on ratio chart paper these different indicia of invention gave a series of graphs strikingly straight from beginning to end, save for minor fluctuations, and parallel to each other. Out of nineteen plotted the only exception was in the least important element, from Electrical Engineering Abstracts, which rose but 11 per cent per decade (1904-55), reflecting perhaps an exhaustion of the possibilities of progress in that line until the electronic age began showing since 1950. The unanimity of the other graphs is statistically very satisfying. My next step was to combine the eleven most significant graphs, with suitable weighting, into four class totals-the abstracts, professional society members, lagged This content downloaded from 157.55.39.147 on Wed, 20 Apr 2016 05:02:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Rise of American Inventing 207 counts of students of engineering and physical and chemical doctors, and the professional workers in laboratories public and private. Each of these four subtotal graphs was still straighter and more parallel than before. The last step was to combine these four into one, again with carefully suited weighting; but actually the weighting scarcely mattered, so nearly parallel were the elements. The final result was nearly a bee-line on the ratio chart, indicating growth at a constant rate-except for a small check around 1915 and a slightly slower rise from then until 1950, which might be due to the era of wars. The total rise from 1880 to 1955 was 135fold, spelling an increase of 91 per cent per decade and 7 per cent per year. Patents to Americans, in the same 75 years, increased only 2 ?2-fold, not even keeping pace with population, which rose threefold.
Stability of small neutral and charged strontium clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dissociation and fission of small neutral, singly and doubly charged\nstrontium clusters are studied by means of ab initio density functional theory\nmethods and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Magic numbers for\nsmall strontium clusters possessing enhanced stability towards monomer\nevaporation and fission are determined. It is shown that ionization of small\nstrontium clusters results in the alteration of the magic numbers. Thermal\npromotion of the Coulombic fission for the Sr_7^{2+} cluster is predicted.\n
Characterization of thin film composite mixtures of Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/ and Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In our studies of the behavior of materials forming thin film composites with Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO), we have characterized thin film composite mixtures of YBCO and Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (yttria) grown onto (100) MgO and (100) SrTiO/sub 3/ substrates by off-axis sputtering. We have examined the transport properties of the films, in particular the critical current density, J/sub c/. The temperature dependence of J/sub c/ for composites on SrTiO/sub 3/ is identical to that of our pure YBCO films, while for composites on MgO the J/sub c/ is similar to measurements on our earlier composites of YBCO and Y/sub 2/Ba/sub 1/Cu/sub 1/O/sub 5/ ("211"). The field dependence of J/sub c/ for the YBCO/yttria composites is different from our pure YBCO films, and from our earlier composites, but the magnitude of the flux pinning is similar.< >
The Birth of Christianity from the Spirit of the Roman Empire. A Paradoxical View of the Religious Development of Europe in the Works of F.F. Zelinski

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the original concept of the development of ancient religions and the emergence of Christianity set out in the six-volume work of F.F. Zelinski History of Ancient Religions. Zelnski refutes the well-established idea of the origin of Christianity from Judaism and proves that it was based on the Hellenistic-Roman religion of the early Roman Empire. In this religion, a idea of monotheistic and pantheistic God was formed, which is the basis of all world processes and human actions, at the same time the idea arose of the possibility of a "particle" of God entering a separate human personality (the personality of the emperor). According to Zelinski, it was these ideas that became the basis of Christianity, which radically rethought them, but nevertheless left them close to the beliefs of the majority of the citizens of the Roman Empire; that is why early Christianity quickly spread throughout the empire. The article suggests that Zelinski's flight from Bolshevik Russia in the 1920s and his life in the Polish Catholic environment led to the fact that he refused to develop his ideas to their natural outcome, which could conflict with Catholic teaching. The article reconstructs the result that Zelnski should have come to with the consistent implementation of his ideas: he would have to admit that the teachings of Jesus Christ and early Christianity which arose from the Roman religion and not from Judaism coincides with that religious tradition which the Catholic Church has persecuted in a story called the Gnostic heresy.
Gender Bias When Using Artificial Intelligence to Assess Anorexia Nervosa on Social Media: Data-Driven Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Social media sites are becoming an increasingly important source of information about mental health disorders. Among them, eating disorders are complex psychological problems that involve unhealthy eating habits. In particular, there is evidence showing that signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa can be traced in social media platforms. Knowing that input data biases tend to be amplified by artificial intelligence algorithms and, in particular, machine learning, these methods should be revised to mitigate biased discrimination in such important domains.The main goal of this study was to detect and analyze the performance disparities across genders in algorithms trained for the detection of anorexia nervosa on social media posts. We used a collection of automated predictors trained on a data set in Spanish containing cases of 177 users that showed signs of anorexia (471,262 tweets) and 326 control cases (910,967 tweets).We first inspected the predictive performance differences between the algorithms for male and female users. Once biases were detected, we applied a feature-level bias characterization to evaluate the source of such biases and performed a comparative analysis of such features and those that are relevant for clinicians. Finally, we showcased different bias mitigation strategies to develop fairer automated classifiers, particularly for risk assessment in sensitive domains.Our results revealed concerning predictive performance differences, with substantially higher false negative rates (FNRs) for female samples (FNR=0.082) compared with male samples (FNR=0.005). The findings show that biological processes and suicide risk factors were relevant for classifying positive male cases, whereas age, emotions, and personal concerns were more relevant for female cases. We also proposed techniques for bias mitigation, and we could see that, even though disparities can be mitigated, they cannot be eliminated.We concluded that more attention should be paid to the assessment of biases in automated methods dedicated to the detection of mental health issues. This is particularly relevant before the deployment of systems that are thought to assist clinicians, especially considering that the outputs of such systems can have an impact on the diagnosis of people at risk.
Study on the Low Temperature Corrosion of Home made Heat Medium Heater

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Through analyzing the mechanism of low temperature corrosion of home-made heat medium heater and its harm to the in-line oil pipeline, it is pointed out that the temperature of heater tube is important factor to form acid dew point corrosion,which constrains seriously the gas discharge temperature in a low temperature way. Therefore, anti -low temperature corrosion material can be adopted to inhibit the corrosion,and other corrosion control measures include increasing the air inlet temperature decreasing the dew point of water vapour,varying convective heat-transfer coefficient,using hot-tube air preheater.
Clinical Analysis of Incidental Bladder Tumor in 27 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of incidental bladder tumor.Methods Clinical data of 27 cases of incidental bladder tumor were retrospectively analyzed,and compared with those of 170 cases of non-incidental bladder tumor.Results Compared to the non-incidental bladder tumor,incidental bladder tumor was in stage Ta～T1 and most in low pathological grade.Conclusion Ultrasound is important in early detection of incidental bladder tumor.Bladder carcinoma is the common type of incidental bladder tumor which is often superficial with low malignancy and good prognosis.The frequency of recurrence after operation is very low.
Throwing Shade at Cyrus: Willingness to Censor Teen Homosexuality in Disney’s Andi Mack

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The inclusion of a gay 13-year-old main character (Cyrus Goodman) on the Disney television series Andi Mack prompted social conservatives to call for the show's cancellation due to the alleged negative impact that Cyrus would have on the show's child audience. The present study explored individuals' support for the censorship of television portrayals of teen homosexuality in a sample of 232 United States residents who viewed clips from the series detailing Cyrus' storyline. Results found that censorship support was explained by homonegativity, conservative ideology, and authoritarianism, as well as perceptions that such depictions have a negative impact on the self and others. Response surface modeling also found evidence for a severity third-person effect (others more negatively impacted than the self) being related to increased censorship support. Directions for future research on the role of authoritarianism and sexual orientation beliefs in willingness to censor depictions of homosexuality are discussed.
A revised version of PRAL-the projected range algorithm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

PRAL, a projected range algorithm is widely used to predict the first few moments of the spatial distribution of ions implanted into amorphous targets of infinite extent. It is shown here that PRAL contains mathematical defects. These are corrected in the new Kent range algorithm (KRAL) which is shown to be compatible with LSS theory. KRAL and PRAL predict the same range but the new algorithm is superior in its predictions of lateral and longitudinal standard deviations when compared with moments derived from the Monte Carlo code TRIM using the same differential nuclear scattering cross sections and electronic energy loss mechanisms.
Project Liberty: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-07-00245

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

NREL hosted two teams of POET Project Liberty analysts for week-long biomass compositional analysis (wet chemical analysis) classes (one in 2008, one in 2009). NREL also performed biomass compositional on over 70 samples of corn stover feedstock and pretreated corn stover provided by POET.
Strategic Forum, Number 236, October 2008. NATO's Uncertain Future: Is Demography Destiny?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) finds itself increasingly stressed by current and prospective demographic shifts within its membership that will almost certainly hamper its collective ability to deploy operational forces and further strain the transatlantic relationship in the years ahead. NATO has shifted from large conscript forces, which were useful for its territorial defense during the Cold War, toward smaller, all-volunteer military establishments to carry out expeditionary operations. This shift has had different political consequences in Europe and the United States and has resulted in increasingly diverging views of the role of the military and how it contributes to security and defense. Demographically, the gap between U.S. and European NATO members military age cohorts is widening, with the U.S. cohort increasing while the European numbers shrink. At the same time, diverging immigration patterns and shifting internal demographics could erode the common historic identity of the United States and Europe and affect the transatlantic relationship. A relatively young and growing U.S. population will contribute to its slightly enhanced global economic profile in 2050, while Europe's aging and shrinking productive population will be a factor in its diminishing presence. Finally, the world's population and the locus of its economic growth will continue to reflect the inexorable shift away from the Eurocentric world that existed when NATO was created in 1949, leading to Europe s rapid demographic marginalization and relative economic decline by 2050.
Equilibrium in Two-Sided Markets for Payments: Consumer Awareness and the Welfare Cost of the Interchange Fee

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The market for payments is an important two-sided one, where consumers benefit from increased merchant acceptance of payment cards and vice versa. The dependence between the decisions that are made on each side of the market results in various network externalities that are often discussed but rarely quantified. We construct and estimate a structural two-stage model of equilibrium in a market for payments in order to quantify the network externalities and identify the main determinants of consumer and merchant decisions. The estimation results suggest significant heterogeneity in consumer adoption costs and benefits. We discuss the critical characteristics that determine which payment instrument is used at the point of sale. Our counterfactual simulation measures the degree of excessive intermediation by credit card providers.
The effect of partial hepatectomy and/or splenectomy on the appearance of phenotypic expressions of .GAMMA.-glutamyltranspeptidase and c-myc oncoprotein during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ラット肝化学発癌過程に,肝部分切除(PH)及び脾摘(SPX)を組み合わせ行い,肝実質に発生するγ-glutamyltranspeptidase陽性巣(GGT陽性巣)を経時的に観察する事により,それらの効果を検討した.さらに,細胞増殖に関連の深い癌遺伝子c-mycに注目し,この蛋白の発現を免疫組織学的に観察した.PHにより,GGT陽性巣は,飛躍的に増加したが,36週において,PH+SPX群はさらに増加傾向を示した.しかし,SPX群は変化が認められなかった.c-myc蛋白陽性巣は,24週のPH群,PH+SPX群ではじめて出現し,グリコーゲン過剰蓄積巣には発現されず,グリコーゲン欠損巣の約81%に発現が認められた.これらc-myc蛋白陽性巣は,SPX群には全く認められず,ほとんどがPH群,PH+SPX群であった.以上,肝発癌過程におけるPH,またはPH+SPXの施行は,前癌病変の進展に対して,増殖作用を潜有する事が示唆された.
Using a data lake in animal sciences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the livestock domain, Big Data is becoming more common and is being anchored into the mind-set of researchers. With the increasing availability of large amounts of data of varying nature, there is the challenge of how to store, combine, and analyse these data efficiently. With this study, we explored the possibility of using a data lake for storing and analysing sensor data, using an animal experiment as the use case, to improve scalability and interoperability. The use case was an experiment within Breed4Food (a public-private partnership), in which the gait score of 200 turkeys was determined. In the experiment, a gait score was traditionally assigned to each animal by a highly-skilled person who visually inspected them walking. Next to it, a set of sensor data streams was recorded for each animal, specifically inertial measurement units (IMUs), a 3D-video camera, and a force plate, with the ambition to explore the effectiveness of these data streams as predictors for estimating the gait score. The resulting sensor output, i.e. raw data, were successfully stored in its original format in the data lake. Subsequently, for each sensor output we performed extract, transform, and load activities, by executing custom-made scripts to generate tab or comma separated files. Lastly, by using Apache Spark it was possible to easily perform parallel processing of the data, allowing for fast computing. In conclusion, we managed to set up a data lake, load animal experimental data and run preliminary analyses. The data lake allowed for easy scale up of both data loading and analyses, which is desired for dynamic analyses pipelines, especially when more data are collected in the future.
Online Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance for Cholesky Decomposition on Heterogeneous Systems with GPUs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Extensive researches have been done on developing and optimizing algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) schemes for systolic arrays and general purpose microprocessors. However, little has been done on developing and optimizing ABFT schemes for heterogeneous systems with GPU accelerators. While existing ABFT schemes can correct computing errors like 1+1=3, we find that many memory storage errors can not be corrected by existing ABFT schemes. In this paper, we first develop a new ABFT scheme for Cholesky decomposition that can correct both computing errors and storage errors at the same time, and then develop several optimization techniques to reduce the fault tolerance overhead of ABFT for heterogeneous systems with GPU accelerators. Experimental results demonstrate that our fault tolerant Cholesky decomposition is able to correct both computing errors and storage errors in the middle of the computation and can achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art vendor provided version Cholesky decomposition library routine in CULA R18.
Virologic and Neurohistologic Findings in Dairy Goats Affected with Natural Scrapie

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Virologic and neurohistologic findings in three dairy goats that became affected with scrapie while living with naturally infected Suffolk sheep were essentially like those in affected sheep. Virus, detected by mouse inoculation, was widespread in non-neural sites, particularly in lymphatic tissues and intestine. In most sites, titers of virus ranged from 3.0 to 3.5 log 10 mouse intracerebral LD 50 /30 mg of tissue. Virus was in nervous tissue in much higher titer. Ranging from 5.1 to 5.8 log 10 , the highest mean titers were in the diencephalon, midbrain, medulla oblongata and cerebellar cortex—sites of the most severe histologic changes. Although these changes were like those in naturally affected Suffolk sheep, they differed somewhat from those in goats affected with the experimental disease. Spongiform alteration of neuropil was minimal, and the more rostral parts of the brain, such as corpus striatum, globus pallidus and septal area, had few changes. Concentrations and distribution of virus in non-neural tissues were consistent with the conclusion that scrapie virus no doubt can be maintained by contagion in a herd of goats living apart from infected sheep.