jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting deposit formation in foul condensate stripping systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In kraft pulp mills, foul condensates are often steam-stripped to produce clean condensate for use as process water. The formation of organic deposits in the stripped condensate is a common problem. A systematic study was conducted to examine the deposit composition and the most likely operating parameters responsible for stripped condensate contamination experienced at a kraft mill in Brazil. Daily averaged data of 170 operating parameters over a 15-month period were analyzed by means of multivariate discriminant analysis and random forest classification analysis. The results showed that the deposit formation is related to high temperature, pressure, and dry solids operations in various evaporator effects. These conditions, combined with the poor demisting efficiency in these effects, may have increased black liquor carryover mist in the vapor. Deposit formation also appeared to be related to increased throughput of the foul condensate stripping system and increased pressure in the stripper. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analyses show that the deposit consists of mostly organic matter that likely originated from wood extractives and lignin.
Concentration Effects and Highly Efficient Laser Emission in Diode Pumped Nd:YAG Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Continuous-wave laser slope efficiency in range of 0.8 is reported with diode laser pumping at 885 nm in the emitting level of 1.1 and 2.5at.%Nd:YAG crystals, the most concentrated crystal showing also good pump absorption.
THE EFFECT OF SELF-ESTEEM IN ORGANIZATION AND SELF-AWARENESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE IN ASTRA CREDIT COMPANIES MEDAN BRANCH

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In facing competition in the global era, finance companies are required to work more efficiently and effectively. An efficient company must be able to run a business with targets that can be achieved according to company goals. Therefore, companies must have human resources or what are called employees, people who are commonly called employees to carry out household activities of the company's production so that the company generates maximum profits. Therefore employees are the most important element to achieve company goals. Employees must also be able to carry out the tasks determined by the company. Employee ability is reflected in performance, good performance is optimal performance. The purpose of this study was to find out how the influence of self-esteem in an organizational context, self-awareness on employee performance with organizational commitment as a mediating variable at Astra Credit Companies (ACC) Medan Branch. This type of research is associative research with a quantitative approach with a sample of 85 respondents. The data analysis technique uses structural equation modeling (SEM) with the Smart PLS version 3.0 analysis tool. The results showed that self-esteem in the organization had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, self-awareness had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, self-esteem in the organization had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, self-awareness had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, and organizational commitment organization has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Then the results of the tests conducted show that work organizational commitment is able to mediate the relationship between self-esteem in the organization and employee performance, and organizational commitment is able to mediate the relationship between self-awareness and employee performance.
Metrical phonology in HPSG

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a new approach to the prosody-syntax interface in HPSG. Previous approaches to prosody in HPSG (Klein, 2000; Haji-Abdolhosseini, 2003) represent prosodic information by constructing metrical constituent structure in the tradition of (Selkirk, 1980; Liberman and Prince, 1977). One drawback of this approach is that it does not allow for a direct representation of purely metrical constraints, which are relegated to an unformalized performance component. By contrast, so called 'grid only' approaches (Prince, 1983; Selkirk, 1984; Delais-Roussarie, 2000) use a single data structure, a metrical grid, to encode prosodic constraints resulting from syntax and constraints of a rhythmic nature. We first review relevant data from French showing that prosodic constituency is much less constrained by syntactic structure than is predicted by existing approaches. In all but very short utterances, many different prosodic groupings are possible for a given sentence with a determinate information structure, and rhythmic factors determine a preference ordering on the possible groupings. We then present an HPSG implementation of the metrical grid, and propose minimal syntactic constraints on relative prominence, leaving room for noncategorical rythmic constraints to choose between alternatives. We finish by discussing the interaction of the metrical grid with the rest of the prosodic grammar.
THE RISK AND THE BANKING ACTIVITY IN PORTUGAL – A PANEL DATA APPROACH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study tests the Portuguese banking performance, studying which are the exposition risks of the banks and their financial robustness to shocks like the ones they have been exposed recently. The article uses data from the period 2005-2009. The idea was to capture the effects of the international liquidity crises triggered by the end of 2008 that Portugal felt very seriously. In order to do this we used a panel of 36 banks installed in Portugal at that time with data collected from the entire bank sample. The main contributions of this article are related to the utilization of panel data analysis – fixed and random effects – applied to a sample of all the banks operating in Portugal with the exceptions of the mutual banks like Montepio Geral and the agricultural local banks (that have special characteristics) and use it to identify the explicative factors of the performance of the Portuguese banks. In methodological terms, the article uses two panel data – a balanced and an unbalanced one – either with fixed or with random effects. The idea is to analyze the sustainability of the Portuguese banks that cross an enormous international finance turbulence since 2008. The analyze took us to the conclusion, that among other elements, that there are bank that have a bigger exposition than others, that it is possible to identify which are the factors that are positively or negatively related to the performance or sustainability of the banking system of this EU country. The results also show that the best panel data model to study the banking performance is the fixed effect one, that the determination coefficient is very high (R2=99, 9%) and highly significant in statistical terms (Prob=0.00), that indicators like the credit risk, Deposits, operative Costs, Liquidity, the banking ownership (public or private), and the years 2007 and 2009, are not significant in statistical terms, but are significant factors like capital, profit, productivity, interest rates, bank size and the year 2008, that there are positive associations between the bankingperformance and the factors capital, profit, productivity and the interest rates, and a negative association between banking performance and bank size; it is also shows that these results are in accordance with the specialized literature, namely with the articles whose reference is Iannotta et al. (2007) and Athanasoglou et al. (2008), among others.
AUTOPHAGY PREVENTS CAERULEIN-INDUCED ACINAR CELL DEATH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) is a new autophagy-related protein that is highly activated in acinar cell in response to acute pancreatitis. We demonstrated that VMP1 expression triggers autophagy in mammalian cells and that VMP1 co-localizes with LC3 in the membrane of pancreatitis-induced autophagosomes. Our aim was to study the role of VMP1-mediated autopahgy in acinar cell response to caerulein (Cae) treatment. AR42J cells were treated with increasing doses of Cae in a time course scheme. Using RT-PCR and Western blot we showed that Cae treatment induces VMP1 expression in AR42J cells. Cae treatment also induces autophagy demonstrated by pRFP-LC3 recruitment and Western blot analysis of LC3. Using trypan blue and acrydine orange strategies, we showed that Cae treatment eventually leads to cell death. In order to know whether VMP1 expression is directly involved in Cae-induced autophagy, VMP1 expression was silenced using two different specific VMP1-siRNAs. We found that Cae treatment failed to induce autophagy in VMP1-silenced cells and the effect was rescued after transfecting cells with a VMP1-expression plasmid. Moreover, silencing VMP1 expression decreases significantly AR42J cells survival under Cae treatment. Results were confirmed using isolated rat acinar cells treated with Cae after autophagy inhibition with 3-methyl-adenine. Our results indicate that VMP1 expression mediates Cae-induced autophagy and suggest that autophagy prevents acinar cell death in response to caerulein.
Stomatal responses to light and CO2 in greening wheat leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The development of two types of stomatal transpiration, one induced by light (light-induced stomatal transpiration) and the other induced by CO2-free air in the dark (CO2-sensitive stomatal transpiration), in greening leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in respect to the development of CO2 uptake and chlorophyll formation. Light-induced stomatal transpiration was not observed at all in etiolated leaves and was generated after 3 hr of illumination for greening, when the activity of CO2 uptake was generated. CO2-sensitive stomatal transpiration was low in etiolated leaves and started to increase at the same time during greening as the start of CO2 uptake. The activities of both light-induced and CO2-sensitive stomatal transpiration increased as the activity of CO2 uptake and the chlorophyll content increased. Pre-illumination of etiolated leaves for 1 min followed by 4 hr of dark incubation eliminated the lag for the development of the two types of stomatal transpiration and CO2 uptake.
A Cyclotron Maser Instability with Application to Space and Laboratory Plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When a beam of electrons moves into a converging magnetic field, the velocity distribution function takes on a horseshoe shape as a result of conservation of magnetic moment. A few years ago it was pointed out that such a distribution is unstable to a cyclotron maser type of instability and it was suggested that this instability might be the source of auroral kilometric radiation (Bingham, R. and Cairns, R. A., Phys. Plasmas 7 , 3089 (2000).) and also of emission from certain types of star (Bingham, R., Cairns, R. A. and Kellett, B. J., Astron. Astrophys. 370 , 1000 (2001).). Here we present more recent work on this topic. Since the dispersion relation which describes the instability only depends on the factor by which the magnetic field increases and on ratios of the wave plasma and cyclotron frequencies, it is possible to scale the effect to laboratory dimensions. An experiment to do this is being carried out at the University of Strathclyde and is expected to be operational during the summer of 2004. The objective is to investigate whether this mechanism might produce a useful radiation source, as well as to give a laboratory simulation of auroral kilometric radiation. The design of this experiment and its current status are described. On the theoretical side we discuss computer simulations showing the instability and its quasilinear saturation in the geometry of the experiment. We also describe a much more detailed theory of the linear instability than we have presented in previous work. Growth rates have been calculated in cylindrical geometry with various electron beam configurations and different cylindrical mode structures. These, and the simulations, support the conclusion of our earlier work that the instability has a high growth rate.
MENGGUNAKANPENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KECENDERUNGAN PORNOGRAFI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, the trend of student pornography increases every year. An increase in pornographic tendencies is thought to be due to lack of information. Information can be obtained by students through guidance and counseling services in schools. Providing information services will be more effective by using various approaches. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of Layanan Informasi using the CTL approach in reducing the tendency of student pornography. This research used Quasi Experiment design w ith non equivalent control group design. The research subjects were 21 students in control group and 21 treatment group. The research instrument was student pornography tendency inventory with reliability 0.892 , and data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two Independent Samples. Based on the findings, layanan informasi used CTL approach effective to the reduction of the student pornography tendencies. Counselors are recommended to apply the CTL approach on reducing it
Quantitative proteomics profiling of the poly(ADP-ribose)-related response to genotoxic stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Upon DNA damage induction, DNA-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize an anionic poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) scaffold to which several proteins bind with the subsequent formation of pADPr-associated multiprotein complexes. We have used a combination of affinity-purification methods and proteomics approaches to isolate these complexes and assess protein dynamics with respect to pADPr metabolism. As a first approach, we developed a substrate trapping strategy by which we demonstrate that a catalytically inactive Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) mutant can act as a physiologically selective bait for the isolation of specific pADPr-binding proteins through its macrodomain-like domain. In addition to antibody-mediated affinity-purification methods, we used a pADPr macrodomain affinity resin to recover pADPr-binding proteins and their complexes. Second, we designed a time course experiment to explore the changes in the composition of pADPr-containing multiprotein complexes in response to alkylating DNA damage-mediated PARP activation. Spectral count clustering based on GeLC-MS/MS analysis was complemented with further analyses using high precision quantitative proteomics through isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)- and Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics. Here, we present a valuable resource in the interpretation of systems biology of the DNA damage response network in the context of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and provide a basis for subsequent investigations of pADPr-binding protein candidates.
Effects of spring frosts in selected apple and pear orchards in the Lublin region in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. Part I. Experiment at EF Felin. Part II. Selected production orchards

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data concerning the effect of spring frosts on the survival of flower buds of several apple and pear cultivars, as well as on the damage caused by spring frosts to apple fruit are presented in the present paper. Observations were conducted in experimental and commercial orchards in the Lublin area in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. The lowest temperature in spring in the consecutive years occurred on the following dates: 2000 - 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> May, 2005 - 1<sup>st</sup> April and 22<sup>nd</sup> May, and 2007 - 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> May. The most serious damages of buds were found in apple trees of Red Boskoop, Rubin and Jonagold cvs. grown in the experimental orchard in Felin (Lublin) (this was an average value for the years 2000 and 2007), whereas the buds of the late flowering cultivars of Golden Delicious Smoothee, Royal Gala and Ligol survived with significantly lesser damages. These observations generally confirmed those made in commercial orchards in 2005 and 2007, in which buds of cv. Elise also showed high resistance to spring frosts. Pear trees of cv. Concorde showed low damage to flower buds in 2007 and produced a reasonably good crop. Fruits of cv. Jonagold and its mutations Wilmuta, Jonica, Decosta and Rubinstar proved to be very sensitive to spring frosts, as well as fruits of cv. Lired. The positive influence of the Polish rootstock P60 on flower bud survival was observed in the year 2000. However, this was not confirmed in 2007, thus further observations are necessary to check these effects.
Lego-MT: Learning Detachable Models for Massively Multilingual Machine Translation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) aims to build a unified model for many language directions. Existing monolithic models for MNMT encounter two challenges: parameter interference among languages and inefficient inference for large models. In this paper, we revisit the classic multi-way structures and develop a detachable model by assigning each language (or group of languages) to an individual branch that supports plug-and-play training and inference. To address the needs of learning representations for all languages in a unified space, we propose a novel efficient training recipe, upon which we build an effective detachable model, Lego-MT. For a fair comparison, we collect data from OPUS and build a translation benchmark covering 433 languages and 1.3B parallel data. Experiments show that Lego-MT with 1.2B parameters brings an average gain of 3.2 spBLEU. It even outperforms M2M-100 with 12B parameters. The proposed training recipe brings a 28.2$\times$ speedup over the conventional multi-way training method.\footnote{ \url{https://github.com/CONE-MT/Lego-MT}.}
Commercial SOS technology for radiation-tolerant space applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report here on an ultra thin silicon on sapphire UTSi technology that has been developed for consumer wireless applications in the 1.0-2.0 GHz range, and which also possesses excellent radiation hardness characteristics for the commercial space environment. The technology has been optimized for very high speed application, and features fully depleted device designs with 0.8 /spl mu/m drawn gate lengths (0.65 /spl mu/m effective gate length) in 1000 /spl Aring/ solid phase epitaxially recrystallized (SPE) silicon films. Large digital ASICs (100 K gates) fabricated in this technology show excellent tolerance to ionizing radiation up to the 100 krad (Si) level. There is no possibility of single event latchup (SEL) and single event error rates are lower than 1E-09 errors/bit-day.
A9 SIALIC ACID METABOLISM PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN INTESTINAL FITNESS AND VIRULENCE OF AN ATTACHING/ EFFACING BACTERIAL PATHOGEN

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The gastrointestinal (GI) mucus barrier acts as an important interface between the host and luminal gut microbes, beyond its role in limiting direct contact between noxious luminal agents and the underlying intestinal epithelium. Mucus is comprised of highly glycosylated mucin proteins, modified by O-glycan side chains, formed by five sugar monomers, including sialic acid. Sialic acid frequently occupies the terminal position of O-glycans and can be cleaved by microbial sialidases. We hypothesize that upon entering their hosts, enteric pathogens, such as the attaching and effacing (A/E) family (EHEC, EPEC and Citrobacter rodentium) metabolically adapt to their intestinal environment, and express key virulence factors by sensing and metabolizing mucin sugars, such as sialic acid. Aims Investigate the role of sialic acid in regulating the fitness and virulence strategies of the A/E pathogen C. rodentium within the GI environment. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were orally infected with either wildtype (WT) or mutant strains of C. rodentium to study bacterial pathogenicity in vivo. Sialic acid was localized in mouse colonic tissue sections through lectin staining, and quantified in mouse feces and mucus scrapings using a commercial kit. Protein secretion by C. rodentium, in the presence or absence of sialic acid was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Intestinal epithelial cell lines were infected with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) or C. rodentium to examine bacterial adherence. Results Sialic acid was expressed widely in the GI tracts of mice, primarily in the colonic mucus layer and by intestinal goblet cells. Both EPEC and C. rodentium were found to take up and metabolize sialic acid through the transporter NanT. A C. rodentium strain deficient in sialic acid uptake ( ΔnanT) was dramatically impaired in colonizing the intestines of mice and was rapidly cleared. Sialic acid also impacted C. rodentium’s virulence by inducing the secretion of two key virulence factors, which significantly enhanced the pathogen’s adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, sialic acid increased C. rodentium’s ability to degrade mucus, due to the increased production of these two secreted virulence factors. Conclusions We demonstrate that sialic acid, a mucin-derived sugar, is an essential nutrient for A/E pathogens to thrive and expand within their host’s intestines. Moreover, sialic acid enhances pathogen virulence by inducing secretion of two important virulence factors, which increase adhesion to the epithelium and promote the degradation of mucus. Funding Agencies CCC, CIHRCH.I.L.D. Fdn
A two-stage physics-informed neural network method based on conserved quantities and applications in localized wave solutions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

With the advantages of fast calculating speed and high precision, the physics-informed neural network method opens up a new approach for numerically solving nonlinear partial differential equations. Based on conserved quantities, we devise a two-stage PINN method which is tailored to the nature of equations by introducing features of physical systems into neural networks. Its remarkable advantage lies in that it can impose physical constraints from a global perspective. In stage one, the original PINN is applied. In stage two, we additionally introduce the measurement of conserved quantities into mean squared error loss to train neural networks. This two-stage PINN method is utilized to simulate abundant localized wave solutions of integrable equations. We mainly study the Sawada-Kotera equation as well as the coupled equations: the classical Boussinesq-Burgers equations and acquire the data-driven soliton molecule, M-shape double-peak soliton, plateau soliton, interaction solution, etc. Numerical results illustrate that abundant dynamic behaviors of these solutions can be well reproduced and the two-stage PINN method can remarkably improve prediction accuracy and enhance the ability of generalization compared to the original PINN method.