jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of Integrating Photovoltaic Solar Generation on the Reliability of Distribution Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To understand the impacts related to the widespread dissemination of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) on the reliability of distribution systems, we elaborated and applied a methodology for assessing the reliability of distribution systems with the presence of Solar Photovoltaic Generation (PV). Therefore, the estimation of the indices the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), the Consumer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), the Average Service Unavailability Index (ASUI), the Average Service Availability Index (ASAI), the Energy Not Supplied (ENS) and the Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS) will be carried out by means of the Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) technique, considering eleven penetration levels of PV. The methodology is validated through studies executed on a modified test system, based on the IEEE RBTS Bus-6. From the case study, it can be observed that the system reliability is enhanced by utilizing the PV system, but the expected improvement in reliability indices is directly linked to islanding operations. The main contributions of this work are: i) in addition to transmission lines and transformers, the failure rates of circuit breakers are considered; and ii) solar radiation varies stochastically.
Examination of laser radiation effect on silk fabrics dyed with different concentrations of cochineal using iron and alum mordants

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of laser radiation on the color of the silk fabric dyed with cochineal insects. Silk fabrics mordanted with ıron (II) sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) and potassium aluminum sulfate (KAl(SO4)212.H2O) at different ratios were separately dyed at different concentrations using 5%, 7.5% and 10% owf of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa). Then, by applying two different wavelengths of laser radiation with different pulses to the dyed silk fabric samples, the modification of the laser radiation on the fiber and dye on the fabric was examined. During laser radiation applications, a thermal infrared camera was used to measure temperature changes. The dyed fabrics were analyzed by different analytical and technical methods. The color characteristics of all the dyed silk fabrics were measured by CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer. The color coordinates and fastness values of rubbing and light also were investigated. Morphological analysis was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental analysis was performed using SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy -energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) to identify mordants. A reserved phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with the diode-array detection (DAD) method was utilized for the identification of the components of dyes present in the silk samples.
Sustained delivery of antimicrobials from 3D printedcalcium phosphate scaffolds in single-stage management ofosteomyelitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Implant-associated osteomyelitis is a bacterial
bone infection that is the bane of existence for orthopedic
surgeons due to its relapsing nature. The gold standard for
treating implant-associated osteomyelitis is a two-stage revision,
where surgical debridement is performed, antibiotics are delivered
locally from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, and then
the bone cement is removed in a subsequent surgery. Despite this,
relapse rates remain high due to the poor drug release kinetics of
the PMMA cement. Compounding these shortcomings are the abilities
of the predominant pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, to form an
extracellular matrix, biofilm, and metabolically-deficient
subpopulations, small colony variants (SCV). Both enable evasion of
the immune response and reduced susceptibility to conventional
antibiotics. Here, we address the limitations of PMMA bone cement
and the persistence of S. aureus by first performing a high
throughput screen of an FDA-approved drug library to identify
antimicrobials that are effective against S. aureus SCV and
biofilm. Sitafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was identified
and additionally displayed a high therapeutic ratio. Next,
sitafloxacin was incorporated into 3D printed calcium phosphate
scaffolds (CaPS) functioning as a local drug vehicle and
biocompatible spacer. Rifampin was also incorporated to minimize
the occurrence of bacterial resistance. Coating these scaffolds
with poly(lactic co-glycolic) (PLGA) enhanced their mechanical
strength and enabled a biphasic drug release profile at sustained
concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for 2
weeks after an initial burst release. To evaluate the efficacy of
antibiotic-laden spacers, we developed a novel mouse model of
implant-associated osteomyelitis, utilizing a single-stage revision
to simulate clinical treatment. Implanting 3D printed CaPS with
sitafloxacin and rifampin resulted in effective management of the
infection with reduced bacterial colonization in comparison to mice
treated with gentamicin-impregnated PMMA spacers. Furthermore,
significant bone formation was observed 3- and 10-weeks
post-revision indicating the osteoconductive nature of the CaPS.
The improved management of the bacterial bioburden and bone
regenerative potential establishes a foundation for treating
implant-associated osteomyelitis in a single-stage procedure
without additional revisions. These findings and the versatility of
3D printing will facilitate future research to achieve the
eradication of infection with complete bone
healing.
THE ANTERIOR DENTAL CROSS-BITE: the paradigm of interception in orthodontics

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To present specific clinical interception procedures instituted to reduce malocclusionseverity on developmental stage. Anterior tooth cross-bite, involving one or two permanent teeth, is acommon form of malocclusion diagnosed in children about 6 years of age. RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION: Various devices can be suggested for single tooth cases, like removable cantilevereddouble-helix apparatus with digital springs, which is one of the most efficient to intercept malocclusion.In the other hand, fixed appliance does not depend on patient’s cooperation and have greater actionpower and liberates more continuous forces. CONCLUSION: Dental anterior cross-bite, involvingone tooth, can be corrected by means of the multi-loop arch wire with a double-helix, even in caseswhere adequate space for alignment is lacking.
The German solidarity pact: A case study in the politics of the Unified Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The political process in the old Federal Republic was distinguished by all‐pervasive negotiations and an orientation towards consensus, as indicated by the concepts of ‘co‐operative federalism’, ‘co‐operative opposition’ and ‘neo‐corporatism’ frequently used to describe relations between the federation and the state governments, between the federal government and opposition, and between the federal government and organised economic interests. Some observers expected German unification to lead to fundamental changes in these traits. This study of the negotiations which took place over a ‘Solidarity Pact’ between September 1992 and March 1993 concludes that, far from the political process of the old Federal Republic having been transformed by unification, its distinguishing traits appear rather to have been reinforced. It argues that, whilst there will be no second Solidarity Pact, cooperation and compromise will remain more pervasive in the politics of the unified Germany than confrontation and polarisation.
Co-Teaching as Mentors: Maximizing Instructor and Librarian Collaboration for Teaching Information Literacy Skills

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes a co-teaching collaboration between an instructor and an academic librarian, working together to deliver an innovative, inquiry-based course offered to first- and second-year university students. The authors describe the context for this relationship and the methods that were used to ensure that this collaboration intentionally and purposefully met the course objectives and students’ needs. The interaction between the instructor and librarian could best be described as a co-teaching mentorship in which both were responsible for teaching and working with the students as well as reflecting on the learning benefits that this opportunity provided for students as well as for each other.
The GTPase Arf1 Is a Determinant of Yeast Vps13 Localization to the Golgi Apparatus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

VPS13 proteins are evolutionarily conserved. Mutations in the four human genes (VPS13A-D) encoding VPS13A-D proteins are linked to developmental or neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between the specific localization of individual VPS13 proteins, their molecular functions, and the pathology of these diseases is unknown. Here we used a yeast model to establish the determinants of Vps13′s interaction with the membranes of Golgi apparatus. We analyzed the different phenotypes of the arf1-3 arf2Δ vps13∆ strain, with reduced activity of the Arf1 GTPase, the master regulator of Golgi function and entirely devoid of Vps13. Our analysis led us to propose that Vps13 and Arf1 proteins cooperate at the Golgi apparatus. We showed that Vps13 binds to the Arf1 GTPase through its C-terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain. This domain also interacts with phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as it was bound to liposomes enriched with this lipid. The homologous domain of VPS13A exhibited the same behavior. Furthermore, a fusion of the PH-like domain of Vps13 to green fluorescent protein was localized to Golgi structures in an Arf1-dependent manner. These results suggest that the PH-like domains and Arf1 are determinants of the localization of VPS13 proteins to the Golgi apparatus in yeast and humans.
A GIS Approach to Archaeological Settlement Patterns and Predictive Modeling in Chihuahua, Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study I analyzed the pattern of settlement for known Medio period (A.D. 1200–1450) sites in the Casas Grandes region of Chihuahua, Mexico. Locational data acquired from survey projects in the Casas Grandes region were evaluated within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework to reveal patterns in settlement and site distribution. Environmental and cultural variables, including aspect, cost distance to nearest ballcourt, ecoregion, elevation, local relief, cost distance to nearest oven, cost distance to Paquimé, slope, soil, terrain texture, topographic position index, cost distance to nearest trincheras, vegetation, vegetation variety to 100 meters, vegetation variety to 500 meters, cost distance to nearest intermittent lake, cost distance to nearest intermittent stream, cost distance to nearest perennial lake, and cost distance to nearest perennial stream were calculated for each site in this region. It was expected that the relationships of correspondence between known sites and these variables would provide a quantitative framework that could be used to model the locational probability of unknown sites in the region. Through the use of GIS and statistical analyses, the results of this study were used to produce an archaeological site sensitivity map for this region of northern Mexico.
Rethinking unemployment: A new vision from the perspective of education as an entitlement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper proposes that the capability deprivation in education as well as the lack of skill development in India has resulted in an inequality in employment expansion. It focuses on the widening inequalities in education and hence, employment in the post 2000 India. The shrinking of the organized sector and the prevailing shortages of the skilled labour with the substandard educational system of the country has certainly put the Indian economy in a vicious cycle. The expenditure on higher education seems to have been falling over the years and the deprivation is prevalent also in terms of low quality of education and the poor learning outcomes. The effects of the direct sectoral transition from the agricultural to the services sector in the economy and the repercussions of the same, within the roots of education as an entitlement has to be examined. In the age of demographic dividend, this is a precarious situation where the organised sector offers only less than 10% of the employment and there is lack of skill within the masses and a rising wage gap. There is a need to examine the so called dream run in the Indian economy post 2000’s in contrast to the increasing nature of informality in the workforce participation and skill development of the masses. There exists a paradox of higher demand for skilled labour and shortage for skilled labour with a substantial rise in unemployment and an ever present underemployment. It is inevitable to analyze the degree to which the changing sectoral patterns are resulting in the informality of the labour force participation. The staggering base of the capability approach in the country, on the light of ongoing debates with respect to education as an entitlement must be used to formulate the way forward.
Treatment of Malunited Fracture of the First Metacarpal Base with a Comorbidity of Diabetes by Medical Therapy and Miniplate Fixation: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Even though every malunited hand fracture requires no intervention, malunion deformities including rotational malalignment and angulation can cause weakness of grasp and pinch. In addition, diabetes mellitus, a general factor of an infection, is an important illness which should be taken into account before undertaking reconstruction. Therefore, malunited fracture of the first metacarpal concomitant with diabetes may pose as a challenging problem, which includes various considerations such as indications, fixation technique and timing of surgery. Of the five fingers, thumb stability is essential for most hand functions. In the present study, we presented a case with malunited fracture of the first metacarpal base which was accompanied adduction dysfunction of the thumb, concomitant with diabetes, who was treated successfully by miniplating and perioperative medical therapy. Keywords: diabetes, fracture, metacarpal, miniplate, thumb Cite this Article Ran-Hui Kang, Mun-Sik Ko, Jang-Mi Kim. Treatment of Malunited Fracture of the First Metacarpal Base with a Comorbidity of Diabetes by Medical Therapy and Miniplate Fixation: A Case Report. Research & Reviews: Journal of Surgery . 2020; 9(3): 13–22p.
Seabed propagation of ULF/ELF electromagnetic fields from harmonic dipole sources located on the seafloor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The amplitudes of the quasi‐static electromagnetic fields generated at points on the seafloor by harmonic dipole sources (vertically directed magnetic dipoles, horizontally directed magnetic dipoles, vertically directed electric dipoles, and horizontally directed electric dipoles) also located on the seafloor are computed using a numerical integration technique. The primary purpose of these computations is to obtain field amplitudes that can be used in undersea communication studies. An important secondary purpose is to examine the enhancements of the fields produced at moderate to large distances by the presence of the relatively less conducting seafloor, as compared with the fields produced at the same distances in a sea of infinite extent, for frequencies in the ULF/ELF bands (frequencies less than 3 kHz). These latter enhancements can be surprisingly large, with increases of 4 orders of magnitude or more being typical at distances of 20 seawater skin depths.
Ecthyma gangrenosum caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a neutropenic leukaemic infant: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is a cutaneous lesion, mostly caused by pseudomonas in immunocompromised patients. Other bacterial and fungal pathogens have also been reported. It can occasionally affect previously healthy children. The cutaneous findings are characterised by small indurated papulovesicles, progressing rapidly to necrotic ulcers with surrounding erythema and a central black eschar. Sites most commonly involved are the buttocks, perineum, limbs and axillae; the face is less commonly involved. We are presenting a rare case of EG in a neutropenic infant who had just completed the induction phase of chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The gangrenous lesion was on the face involving the tip of the nose, which is an uncommon location. Blood and pus cultures grew Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , which is a rare cause of EG. The patient was treated with IV antibiotics (colistin for 14 days) and improved.
Impact Of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition On Microvascular Po2 Off-kinetics In Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During skeletal muscle contractions microvascular PO2 (PO2m) falls reflecting the fact that muscle oxygen consumption outstrips oxygen delivery in the face of elevated blood flow. With the cessation of contractions, PO2m rises back towards pre-contraction levels, reflecting the reduction in oxygen consumption in the face of an elevated blood flow. Nitric oxide (NO) production is an important vasodilator in working muscle and is also thought to be involved in the regulation of contractile activity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of NO synthase will create a mismatch between oxygen delivery and consumption in muscle during recovery from contractions and thus, slow the PO2m off-kinetics. METHODS PO2m (phosphorescence quenching) and twitch tension were measured in the EDL muscle of female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=21; 251 ± 4g). Two 120 s bouts of electrical stimulation (1 Hz, 6 V, 2 ms) were applied to the EDL; 1) a control bout and 2) a test bout performed 10 min after either L-NAME (LN, 30 mg/kg i.v.) or an equivalent volume of saline (S). PO2m was monitored for 150 s after the cessation of contractions, and PO2m off-kinetics was characterized by the APO2m, the time to reach 63% of the ΔPO2m (T63), and the APO2m/T63. EDL blood flow was measured with radiolabeled microspheres in a separate set rats using the same protocol. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure (MAP) after saline treatment was unchanged (121 ±8 and 111 ± 7 mmHg), but increased after L-NAME (103 ± 10 and 152 ± 7 mmHg; P <0.05). Twitch tension was greater after L-NAME and corresponded to faster PO2m on-kinetics as reflected in a shortening of the mean response time (23 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 2 s; P <0.05) compared to S (24 ± 2 vs. 30 ± 4 s). EDL blood flow during contractions was not different after L-NAME (51 ±12 and 51 ± 9 ml/min/100 g), however vascular conductance (flow/MAP) was lower (0.51 ± 0.09 vs. 0.34 ± 0.06 ml/min/1 00g/mmHg; P <0.05). After the second stimulation, recovery APO2m was less in both the S (−23%) and LN (−44%) rats. T63 was unchanged after saline (41 ± 7 vs. 49 ± 5s), but was 40% longer after LN (55 ± 4 vs. 77 ± 8 s; P <0.05). APO2m/T63 was 33% less in S compared to 57% less in LN rats, indicating a slower recovery of PO2m. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that inhibition of NO synthase delays PO2m off-kinetics in rat skeletal muscle. During recovery, the combination of a decrease in vascular conductance limiting oxygen delivery and an increase in oxygen consumption appear to have slowed PO2m off-kinetics. (Supported by the F. Herbert Fields, D.O. Memorial Research Fund and the Heartland Affiliate of the American Heart Association.)
Using Computer Vision to Track Anatomical Structures During Cochlear Implant Surgery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a steep learning curve for surgeons performing cochlear implant surgeries. We aimed to use computer vision to track anatomical features with the goal of helping surgeons perform cochlear implant surgery without damaging the cochlea. We compared nine algorithms in total, seven object tracking algorithms and two optical flow algorithms utilizing the LucasKanade method, on manually created cochlear implant surgery videos to determine the accuracy associated with each. Compared with eight other algorithms, we observed that an iterative pyramidal implementation of the Lucas-Kanade (IPLK) method, implemented through OpenCV, performed the best. The IPLK method had the lowest error rate on five out of the six videos, with zero error on four. In conclusion, the IPLK method is the most accurate at tracking the locations of the anatomical structures in a video of a cochlear implant surgery. Computer vision may be a novel and valuable tool to improve surgical results.
Gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of the common North African gerbil Meriones shawi (Duvernoy) in Tunisia: Parasites diversity and habitat anthropization effect.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study presents the first data on helminth fauna of Shaw's jird population from Tunisia. Ten helminth taxa were recovered from the digestive tract and the body cavity of 85 Shaw's jird Meriones shawi captured from two localities with different levels of anthropization in Tunisia. Among the helminth species recovered, only three have high prevalences and intensities, namely: Meggittina aegyptica, Gongylonema neoplasticum and Railliettina sp.. Helminth species richness from Mezzouna (less anthropized place) seems to be higher compare to Skhira (highly anthropized place). The nematode Trichuris gerbilli is more prevalent in Skhira (χ2=10.5, p=0.0012) and the cestodes Meggittina numida and M. aegyptica are more common in Mezzouna (χ2=9.6, p=0.0019; χ2=22.01, p<0.0001, respectively). This may be related to the high level of human activities which repulse wild animals, habitat fragmentation through the creation of agricultural parcels and their associated pollution by pesticides that kills insects which are intermediate hosts of helminths and discharges from the phosphate industry observed in Skhira. We add also a check-list of helminths species recorded from M. Shawi in all its distribution area.
Comparison of Islamic Education in Indonesia and Malaysia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Islamic education is not only aimed at providing an understanding of theory and religious teachings, but also at building mental attitudes as realized in good deeds. Islamic education is an attempt to improve the quality of morals and social characters. It also plays a major role in determining the quality of a nation and directing people to have good attitudes and characters, imbued by spiritual values. In Indonesia and Malaysia, Islamic education initially emerged along with the arrival and spread of Islam on both countries. Although both are countries with the majority of Muslims in Southeast Asia and have undergone several phases including against colonialism, the dynamics of Islamic education in those countries are not necessarily the same. The present study discusses the Islamic education in Indonesia and Malaysia, ranging from the history of the arrival of Islam to the initial and development of Islamic education that still evolves until today