jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phantasms of the Living.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This unusual book consists of two separate volumes. Mrs. Sedgwick's contributions to theProceedings of the Psychical Research Societyduring the years 1886 to 1920 represent the first volume. The second volume is an abridgement of Gurney's two-volume work which was published in 1886. The author is regarded as the finest mind in the history of psychical research. Her collection of cases and analyses of them are considered classics of psychical research. It is difficult to examine this volume without bias. Sedgwick and Gurney are founders of the English Society for Psychical Research whose goal is "to examine without prejudice and in the scientific spirit those faculties of man, real or supposed, which appear to be inexplicable." In this country psychic research is equated to the cultist or to the fraudulent. In contrast, European scientists have attempted to study the paranormal. Sedgwick, Gurney, Myers, and Podmore have suggested heuristic outlines
Characteristics and Mechanism of Line-Line Gap Breakdowns Induced by Wood Crib Fires

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The 30 kVA/50 kV power frequency discharge system was used to trigger the trips (flashover processes) of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) powerline segments (LGJ-400/35) in a 10.0 cm air gap under a wood crib fire (comprehensive fire source), and the characteristics and mechanisms of such line-line air gap (conductor gap) were discussed. The results show that under the wood crib fire, the breakdown voltage of conductor gap is obviously lower than that under pure air. Under the same fire source power, the breakdown voltages of different flame zones are ordered as: pure air (70.0 kV) > intermittent flame zone (top, 32.0 kV-52.4 kV) > continuous flame zone 2 (upper, 21.0 kV-28.0 kV) > continuous flame zone 1 (bottom, 14.4 kV-24.4 kV). In the same flame zone, the breakdown voltage decreases from 52.4 kV to 14.4 kV (25.1 %-79.4% reductions to those in pure air) with the increase of fire source powers (1-3 wood cribs, 121.87 kW-323.66 kW). For the single wood crib fire source, the maximum leakage currents (within the period before the conductor gap breakdown) in the flame intermittent zone, the flame continuous zones 1 and 2 are less than 1.00 mA and 2.54 mA, respectively. Many soot particles and ashes will be generated when wood crib and other ground surface vegetation fire sources burn. They will fill the gaps between power lines and be polarized by the in-service line inducing electric field. Then distorted electric field will be formed between the two polarization ends and the lines. The opposite movements and interactive convections of a large number of electrons, ions and smoke particles in fire plumes are driven to form a discharge streamer channel and cause line-line gap breakdown at proper moments.
Buccal Oxytocin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In past estimates of protein requirements the F.A.0.3 has been guided by nitrogen balance without the increments made by the working party.The B.M.A. committee4 and the National Research Council of the U.S.A.5 have been guided by intakes.As a result the discrepancies between the recom- mended allowances are often large.Thus for girls aged 16- 20 the allowance recommended by the F.A.O. is 38 g. daily, as opposed to 88 g. recommended by the B.M.A. and 100 g. by the National Research Council.For the year 1961 the B.M.A. estimate of the protein requirement of the average person, with an allowance for wastage, was virtually identical with the average share of the total protein available in this country at a retail level, which worked out at 85.7 g. daily.A point which the non-expert may not fully realize is the small proportion of the ingested protein which is used for growth after the first year of life.Thus rapidly growing European boys aged 13-14 ingest on an average 1.8 g. of protein per kg. of body weight daily, but use only 0.07 g. per kg., or about 4 %, for growth.We may expect, therefore, that the adequacy of the protein intake, as judged by its power to promote growth, will be much influenced by factors affecting the efficiency of its utilization.These will include the other components of the diet and hormones.A factor which
Modelling dark energy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the most pressing, modern cosmological mysteries is the cause of the accelerated \nexpansion of the universe. The energy density required to cause this large scale opposition \nto gravity is known to be both far in excess of the known matter content, and \nremarkably smooth and unclustered across the universe. While the most commonly \naccepted answer is that a cosmological constant is responsible, alternatives abound. \nThis thesis is primarily concerned with such alternatives; both their theoretical nature \nand observational consequences. \nIn this thesis, we will dedicate Chapter 1 to a brief review on the fundamentals of \ngeneral relativity, leading into the basics of theoretical cosmology. Following this we \nwill recall some of the key observations that has lead to the standard CDM cosmology. \nThe standard model has well known problems, many of which can be answered \nby the theoretical ideas of inflation. In Chapter 2 we explore these ideas, including a \nsummary of classical field theory in the context of cosmology, upon which inflation is \nbased. This also serves as the groundwork for Chapter 3, where the varied models of \ndark energy (and their motivations) are discussed - many of which are also reliant on \nfield theory (such as quintessence). \nThese notions are combined in a model described in Chapter 4, where we describe \nour own addition to a scenario that unifies dark energy and inflation. This addition \n- involving a coupling of the inflation field to an additional one - alter the way reheating \ntakes place after inflation, removing some of the shortcomings of the original \nproposal. The analysis is extended in Chapter 5, to include the effect of quantum corrections. \nThere we show that although a cursory analysis indicates a coupling between \nquintessence and some other field does not necessarily give rise to dangerously large \nquantum corrections, provided the effects of decoupling are taken into account. \nWe move on in Chapter 6 to examine the basics of cosmological perturbation theory, \nand derive the general equations of motion for density and velocity perturbations for \na system of fluids, allowing for the exchange of energy-momentum. We make use of \nthis in Chapters 7 and 8, were we examine the growth of structure in a universe where \nenergy is exchanged between dark matter and dark energy. In particular, in Chapter 7 \nwe see that a particular form of the interaction can lead to an instability in the early \nuniverse, and we derive the condition for this to be the case. In Chapter 8, we discuss \nhow a similar interaction can lead to a mimicry of modified gravity, and relate this \ndirectly to cosmological observations. \nFinally we summarise our conclusions and discuss avenues of future research in \nChapter 9.
c-Jun/AP-1 is required for CCK-induced pancreatic acinar cell dedifferentiation and DNA synthesis in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endogenous CCK plays an important role in pancreatic regeneration after pancreatitis. We used primary culture of mouse pancreatic acinar cells to evaluate the effect of CCK on acinar cell morphology and gene expression and to determine signaling pathways required for proliferation of acinar cells in vitro. Over 4 days in culture, cells grew out from acini and formed patches of monolayer, which displayed a reduced expression of acinar cell markers including digestive enzymes and Mist1 and an increased expression of ductal and embryonic markers, including cytokeratin 7, β-catenin, E-cadherin, pdx-1, and nestin. There was no appearance of stellate cell markers. CCK enhanced cellular spreading, DNA synthesis, and cyclin D1 expression. When signaling pathways were evaluated, CCK stimulation increased c-Jun expression, JNK and ERK activity, and AP-1 activation. Chemical inhibitors of JNK and ERK pathways, dominant-negative JNK and c-Jun, and c-Jun shRNA significantly inhibited CCK-induced DNA synthesis, CCK-induced AP-1 activation, and cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, dominant-negative c-Jun reduced the increased expression of β-catenin and the decreased expression of amylase during culture. These results show that MAPK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway plays an important role in pancreatic acinar cell dedifferentiation and proliferation in culture. Monolayer culture can serve as a model to study acinar cell proliferation similar to regeneration after pancreatitis in vivo.
Frequency multiplexing light source with monolithically integrated distributed-feedback diode lasers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A frequency multiplexing light source is realized by monolithically integrating GaAs-GaAlAs distributed-feedback diode lasers with different grating periods and passive waveguides on a GaAs substrate. The lasers with wavelength separation of ∼20 Å are modulated independently, and the output beams are obtained from a common launching waveguide.
A Cable Driven Parallel Robot for Nursery Farming Assistance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the idea of implementing a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) for farming assistance in plant nurseries. The proposed robot targets to perform seeding, weeding, and nutrition monitoring autonomously on a prepared plant bed where saplings are grown in plant nurseries. The paper describes the conceptual design of the robot along with the trajectory planning simulations for executing the intended tasks. To simulate the sequence of weeding and nutrition monitoring operations, real-time visual data from an experimental planting bed has been utilized. The simulation results show the validity of the trajectory planning algorithm and operational methodology in executing the functions of the proposed robot.
Abstract 728: Early assessment of treatment effect in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) via ctDNA analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Quantifying circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging method to non-invasively assess treatment effect for solid tumors. A ctDNA-based method for disease monitoring for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) would be beneficial to disease management. By employing plasma taken during early treatment cycles and NGS, we tested whether early response assessed by ctDNA level could predict treatment effect. METHODS: Using a 197-gene NGS assay, the AVENIO ctDNA Surveillance Kit (for Research Use Only, not for use in diagnostic procedures), ctDNA levels were assessed in post-treatment plasma samples based on variants identified at baseline. Mutant allele concentration or mutant molecules per milliliter-of-plasma (MMPM) was utilized to quantify ctDNA over all variants of all sequenced genomic regions. Samples collected from an observational German Lung Cancer Multi-Marker Study were analyzed retrospectively. In a cohort of 69 stage IV SCLC subjects, the association of survival with ctDNA-based monitoring classifier was evaluated in the first available post-treatment plasma sample after starting chemotherapy (median number of days after start of treatment = 25) by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The analysis demonstrated that subjects with mean MMPM less than the lower quartile (14.3) had longer progression free survival (PFS) compared to that of subjects with mean MMPM greater than or equal to the lower quartile (log-rank P = 0.0095; HR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.27, 0.84]). The same classifier was applied for overall survival analysis, and subjects with mean MMPM less than the lower quartile had longer overall survival (OS) compared to that of subjects with mean MMPM greater than or equal to the lower quartile (log-rank P = 0.0095; HR [95% CI] = 0.46 [0.26, 0.84]). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in ctDNA levels in response to treatment may prove to be a valuable way of identifying subjects that either respond or fail to respond to therapy earlier than current standard of care methods such as computed tomography (CT) scan. Hypotheses will be validated in a separate cohort. Future prospective studies to confirm these results are needed. Citation Format: John Jiang, Christine Ju, Corinna Woestmann, Aarthi Balasubramanyam, Liu Xi, Stephanie J. Yaung, Sandeep Gattam, Bernd Hinzmann, Michael Thomas, Felix Lasitschka, Michael Meister, Marc Schneider, Felix Herth, Thomas Muley, Birgit Wehnl, John Palma. Early assessment of treatment effect in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) via ctDNA analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 728.
Full reconstruction of focal-field distribution using compressed sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A full reconstruction method of focal-field distribution using compressed sensing (CS) is presented. Exploring focal-field distribution characteristics, a proper sparsifying basis is constructed via the Kronecker product. The full distribution data can be obtained by solving a l 1 -norm minimization problem. Three scenarios are set up to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate that the focal-field distribution can be relatively accurate reconstructed with a few array feeds.
The Role of Metformin in the Management of NAFLD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide. Its prevalence ranges 10–24% in the general population, reaching 60–95% and 28–55% in obese and diabetic patients, respectively. Although the etiology of NAFLD is still unclear, several lines of evidences have indicated a pathogenetic role of insulin resistance in this disorder. This concept has stimulated several clinical studies where antidiabetic drugs, such as insulin sensitizers including metformin, have been evaluated in insulin-resistant, NAFLD patients. These studies indicate that metformin might be of benefit in the treatment of NAFLD, also in nondiabetic patients, when associated to hypocaloric diet and weight control. However, the heterogeneity of these studies still prevents us from reaching firm conclusions about treatment guidelines. Moreover, metformin could have beneficial tissue-specific effects in NAFLD patients irrespective of its effects as insulin sensitizer.
A Cyclotide Isolated from Noisettia orchidiflora (Violaceae)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Biologically active cyclotides have been found on some flowering plants species and are involved in the role of the plant protection. As part of studies focusing on peptides from Brazilian plant species, we are reporting the detection by LC-MS of several cyclotides from leaves and stems of Noisettia orchidiflora (Violaceae). From stems it was possible to isolate and characterize a cyclotide named Nor A. Its primary structure (amino acid sequence) was established by MALDI-TOF-MS, based on the y- and b-type ion series, after reduction and alkylation reactions, as well as enzymatic digestion using the enzymes endoproteinase glutamic acid (endoGlu-C), trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Furthermore, the amino acid analysis was also described.
One after another: vicarious trauma associated with archival record coding in sexual assault research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Sexual violence researchers have prolonged exposure to the pain and suffering of others, which can cause vicarious trauma (VT). To date, discussion of VT in sexual violence research has focused on qualitative interviews with sexual assault survivors and how those interactions affect researchers’ well-being. In this article, we explore how VT can develop archival record review studies. We conducted an autoethnographic analysis of four empirical case studies to identify key factors that shape researchers’ VT experiences during archival coding: the volume of records reviewed, potential for recoding, limited human interaction, and exposure to multiple layers of trauma and oppression. Based on our experiences, we propose strategies to mitigate and prevent the VT experienced during archival coding research and discuss how strategies used to manage VT in qualitative interview projects could apply to record review research.
Relationship between Attention Capacity and Hand–Eye Reaction Time in Adolescents between 15 and 18 Years of Age

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Some experiences demonstrate a direct correlation between attention capacity and reaction capacity. However, the evidence from adolescents enrolled in the Chilean school system is scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between attention capacity and hand–eye reaction time (RT) in adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age. Thirty-one adolescents participated voluntarily in this study. The variables were: attention capacity, evaluated through the Evalúa-10 battery (item 1.1), and hand–eye RT, assessed through a simple RT test (SRT) and complex RT (CRT). The relationship between the variables was performed through Pearson’s correlation. Comparisons between males and females were performed with the t-test for independent samples (p ˂ 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between attention and CRT (r = −0.43), a very high correlation between attention and SRT in males (r = −0.73), and between attention and CRT in females (r = −0.73). Between males and females, there was no difference in attention (p ˃ 0.05), while males showed better RT in all tests (p ˂ 0.05). Attention positively influences hand–eye RT in both males and females. Likewise, male adolescents present better hand–eye RT than their female peers.
PULSATIONS OF THE WALL OF THE CHEST

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pulsatory features in the presence of tricuspid regurgitation often show a surprising similarity to those accompanying adhesive pericardial disease, and for this reason there is not infrequently confusion as to the proper diagnosis. Sometimes there is a widespread systolic depression of the wall of the chest in cases of tricuspid regurgitation which now and then markedly exceeds the actual cardiac area. The mechanism of this pulsation, as Lang1has shown, is essentially different from that of the pulsation noted in cases of adhesive pericardial disease. When there is tricuspid regurgitation, the right ventricle is usually enormously enlarged and is in wide contact with the ventral wall of the chest. During systole the right ventricle empties only a small amount of blood into the pulmonary artery; the larger amount flows in the direction of lesser resistance, i. e., into the right auricle and hence into the large veins, primarily
A Framework for Network Intrusion Detection Using Network Programmability and Data Stream Clustering Machine Learning Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Several operational security mechanisms have been developed to mitigate malicious activity in the Internet. However, the most these mechanisms require a signature basis and present the inability to predict new malicious activity. Other anomaly-based mechanisms are inefficient due to the possibility of an attacker simulates legitimate traffic, which causes many false alarms. Thus, to overcome that problem, in this paper we present an anomaly-based framework that uses network programmability and machine learning algorithms over continuous data stream. Our approach overcomes the main challenges that occur when develop an anomaly-based system using machine learning techniques. We have done an experimental evaluation to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework. In the experiments, we use a DDoS attack as network intrusion and we show that the technique attains an Accuracy of 98.98%, a Recall of 60%, a Precision of 60% and an FPR of 0.48% for 1% DDoS attack on the real normal traffic. This shows the effectiveness of our technique.
Robustness of the Poverty Measures: Evidence from Farm Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The use of a plethora of poverty indexes is sometimes fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this research was to quantitatively assess poverty and to examine the robustness of the poverty metrics. Selecting representative farm homes required a multistage sample technique, which was implemented. A total of 150 rural homes were surveyed using questionnaires. Stochastic dominance and the weighted poverty measures of Foster, Greer and Thorbecke were used in this work to examine the weighted poverty measures' resilience and sensitivity to changes in the poverty line. According to the findings, as people become older and their families get larger, the likelihood, severity, and depth of poverty increases. An asymptotic sampling distribution was utilized to infer whether poverty was larger across a variety of hypothetical poverty lines by stochastic dominance analysis. First-order stochastic dominance was found, with the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of households headed by people over 60 years old lying totally above the other distribution functions (CDFs). The CDF of single families was lower than the CDF of married households, according to the findings. At any poverty level, the CDF of families with more than 10 household members stochastically dominated those with fewer family members. Many households will be lifted out of poverty if poverty-reduction initiatives are targeted at those over 60 and those with big families.
Immune response inhibits associative learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In vertebrates, it is well established that there are many intricate interactions between the immune system and the nervous system, and vice versa. Regarding insects, until now little has been known about the link between these two systems. Here, we present behavioural evidence indicating a link between the immune system and the nervous system in insects. We show that otherwise non-infected honeybees whose immune systems are challenged by a non-pathogenic immunogenic elicitor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have reduced abilities to associate an odour with sugar reward in a classical conditioning paradigm. The cost of an immune response therefore not only affects survival of the host, as previously shown, but also everyday behaviour and memory formation.