jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Media Use on HIV-Related Stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is known that HIV-related stigma hinders prevention efforts. Previous studies have documented that HIV-related stigma may be associated with socioeconomic and socioecological factors. Mass media use may moderate this association, but there is limited research addressing that possibility. In this study, based on cross-sectional data pooled from the 2006-2011 Demographic and Health Surveys of 11 sub-Saharan African countries (N = 204,343), we investigated the moderating effects of exposure to mass media on HIV-related stigma. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that HIV-related stigma tends to be higher among rural residents and individuals with low levels of education and HIV knowledge, as well as those who do not know people living with HIV. Media use was generally associated with low levels of HIV-related stigma, and attenuated the gap between individuals with high and low educational levels. However, the effect of mass media was found to be stronger among urbanites rather than among rural residents, which could lead to a widening gap between the two groups in endorsement of HIV-related stigma. The implication of this study regarding the effect of media use on HIV-related stigma in sub-Saharan Africa is twofold: 1) mass media may have the potential to minimize the gap in HIV-related stigma between individuals with high and low educational levels, and hence future efforts of reducing HIV-related stigma in the region may benefit from utilizing media; 2) due perhaps to low media penetration to rural sub-Saharan Africa, mass media could have the unintended effect of widening the urban-rural gap further unless other more customized and rural-focused communication interventions are put in place.
LOKI: A Practical Data Poisoning Attack Framework against Next Item Recommendations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the openness of the online platform, recommendation systems are vulnerable to data poisoning attacks, where malicious samples are injected into the training set of the recommendation system to manipulate its recommendation results. Existing attack approaches are either based on heuristic rules or designed against specific recommendation approaches. The former suffers unsatisfactory performance, while the latter requires strong knowledge of the target system. In this paper, we propose a practical poisoning attack approach named LOKI against blackbox recommendation systems. The proposed LOKI utilizes the reinforcement learning algorithm to train the attack agent, which can be used to generate user behavior samples for data poisoning. In real-world recommendation systems, the cost of retraining recommendation models is high, and the interaction frequency between users and a recommendation system is restricted. Thus, we propose to let the agent interact with a recommender simulator instead of the target recommendation system and leverage the transferability of the generated adversarial samples to poison the target system. We also use the influence function to efficiently estimate the influence of injected samples on recommendation results, without re-training the models. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets against four representative recommendation models show that the proposed LOKI outperformances existing method. We also discuss the characteristics of vulnerable users/items, and evaluate whether anomaly detection methods can be used to mitigate the impact of data poisoning attacks.
Cell-type-specific control elements of the lymphotropic papovavirus enhancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) exhibits a highly restricted host range, in which only cells of primate B-lymphocyte origin are permissive for infection. Its enhancer element contributes to this tropism, since transcriptional potentiation is confined to cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Nuclear extracts from B and T cells, but not from HeLa cells, contain protein factors that interact specifically with the LPV 63-base-pair enhancer repeat, as demonstrated by DNase I footprinting and gel retardation experiments. Within the repeat three sequence motifs were identified: the core motif, the Pu box, and a novel element named T motif. Functional analysis demonstrated that these motifs as well as some sequences upstream of the repeat contribute to the optimal activity of the enhancer. There are clear differences between the patterns of binding of the B and T lymphocyte nuclear proteins to the enhancer which are also reflected in the transcriptional activity of the enhancer in both cell types. Furthermore, the activity of the LPV enhancer and its interaction with nuclear proteins seem to be regulated during B-cell differentiation.
[Oestrogen receptors determination in human breast cancer (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The AA. refer about the assessment of a charcoal-dextran method for the determination of oestrogens receptors in human breast cancer. Corrections for low affinity binding components are performed measuring bound 3H-17 beta estradiol in the absence and presence of non-radioactive 17 beta estradiol or diethylstilbestrol; the method has been previously studied on samples from pregnant rabbit uterus and then applied on human mammary tumors. Results achieved with the routine-utilisation of the present method are reported.
Incorporating gender issues into the classroom: Study on the teaching of gender-related courses in the general curriculum of Taiwan’s universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender equality is a universal and local issue. National policies have been initiated to ensure gender equality and to safeguard human rights on campus. Gender-related courses have been developed in the general education centers of various universities to allow the concept of gender equality to take root and flourish in these universities and to establish just and safe university campuses in Taiwan. This study examines the introduction of gender issues into the general curriculum of universities and discusses its implications for teaching practice and the establishment of gender-equal university campuses. After reviewing related literature, the following recommendations are made for the teaching of gender issues in universities’ general curricula: (a) teaching must be devoid of gender discrimination, (b) gender awareness for teachers, (c) consideration of gender differences in the teaching field, (d) implementation of reverence for justice in the teaching field, (e) increasing students’ awareness of gender equality, and (f) fostering a teaching atmosphere of mutual respect.
Improving Student Well-being in School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Schools have an important role in supporting student well that affect student development, social contexts where students interact and influence each other with teachers, peers and staff as well as schools as a community.Student well including academic achievement, physical and mental health, satisfying interpersonal relations and success at work.This article examines the role of schools in efforts to improve student well involves all the components in a school is needed to support student well
MHD stability of tokamak plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper will give an overview of the some of the methods which are used to simulate the ideal MHD properties of tokamak plasmas. A great deal of the research in this field is necessarily numerical and the substantial progress made during the past several years has roughly paralleled the continuing availability of more advanced supercomputers. These have become essential to accurately model the complex configurations necessary for achieving MHD stable reactor grade conditions. Appropriate tokamak MHD equilibria will be described. Then the stability properties is discussed in some detail, emphasizing the difficulties of obtaining stable high {beta} discharges in plasmas in which the current is mainly ohmically driven and thus demonstrating the need for tailoring the current and pressure profiles of the plasma away from the ohmic state. The outline of this paper will roughly follow the physics development to attain the second region of stability in the PBX-M device at The Princeton Plasmas Physics Laboratory.
LHD 10-AD25-Div01 #163397.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (898,158) - (1014,420) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Contrasting reflex influences of cardiac afferent nerves during coronary occlusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Afferent neurons contained within cardiac sympathetic nerves may have important influences on the circulation when activated during myocardial ischemia. Although such activation is known to reflexly excite upper thoracic sympathetic efferent neurons, effects on other components of sympathetic outflow are unknown. Therefore, cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves were stimulated by occlusion of coronary arteries to investigate their reflex influences on renal sympathetic nerve activity and systemic arterial blood pressure. Responses were observed in anesthetized cats in which sympathetic and/or vagal cardiac afferent nerves remained intact and arterial baroreceptors remained intact or had been denervated. Stimulating sympathetic afferent neurons caused excitation of renal nerve activity, which was accompanied by variable changes in arterial pressure. Stimulation of vagal afferents by coronary occlusion consistently produced inhibition of renal nerve activity and marked depressor responses. When both components of cardiac innervation remained intact, increases or decreases in renal nerve activity and blood pressure were elicited by coronary artery occlusion in the presence or absence of arterial baroreceptors. These results illustrate that cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves can contribute significantly to cardiovascular control during myocardial ischemia.
Pragmatic differentiation of negative markers in the early stages of Jespersen’s cycle in North Germanic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article investigates the pragmatic function of new negative markers during incipient renewal of negation in ‘Jespersen’s cycle’. We outline a typology of these markers, suggesting a pathway by which they begin as specialized for use with discourse-old propositions and later expand to inferred propositions before finally becoming possible with discourse-new propositions. This framework is applied to an overlooked case of Jespersen’s cycle in North Germanic: replacement of early Norwegian ei ( gi ) “not” by ekki (originally “nothing”) from 1250 to 1550. We document a sharp rise in frequency of ekki around 1425, suggesting that, until then, ekki had been restricted to negating discourse-old propositions. Once this constraint was lifted, ei ( gi ) and ekki competed directly, resulting in rapid replacement of ei ( gi ) by ekki . This typologically unusual direct replacement of a negator with no intervening doubling stage can be attributed to the new negator’s origin as a negative indefinite and the lack of negative concord in early Norwegian.
The Pacitan State Community Academy's Interactive Promotional Media with the Implementation of Adobe Flash Player Action Script

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Promotion is something that’s often heard when introducing a new product so that it can be known by the wider community. In the current technological era, the media used as a form of promotion have various models, such as posters, pamphlets and banners. The advantage of promotion using posters and banners is that it can save human resources to introduce a product by distributing it or sticking it on the wall. However, this also makes it difficult for readers to find words or images that are difficult to understand, so misperceptions often occur. Therefore, in this research the author will try to design a promotional media by applying the concept of interactive multimedia, where readers are enabled to communicate in two directions. This interactive media concept will be built with flash player platform technology that implements action scripts
Towards an improved typology approach to segmenting cultural tourists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study aims to improve the cultural tourist typology methodology that uses cultural centrality and depth of cultural experience in its framework. Using a sample of Chinese tourists in Macau ( n = 595) collected via questionnaire surveys, the study confirmed the determination effect of cultural centrality on depth of cultural experience. Subsequently, the study demonstrated an improved approach that eliminates such a determination effect in typology identification. Compared to McKercher's ( ) approach, the improved typology presents a balanced segmentation of cultural tourists and distinguishes the segments more clearly in their sociodemographic characteristics. The improved typology generated more meaningful practical implications.
Filling the gaps of patient information and comprehension

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review This review describes the gaps in cancer patient information and comprehension and provides examples of interventions aimed at filling the gaps. Recent findings Despite the technologically advanced era, unmet information needs remain a challenge in current cancer care, even though the beneficial effects of adequate information provision are well described.It starts with the basics of patient–physician communication and information exchange. Barriers are described both patient and physician-specific. For patients to comprehend and recall information correctly, information provision should be tailored to the specific patient in content, as well as in readability level. Tailored content based on bidirectional and iterative information exchange (i.e., patients reported outcomes, followed by specific/personalized feedback) is of focus in the current development of interventions aimed at meeting the gaps. However, the effects of such interventions are not overwhelming and the explanation could be multifactorial. Summary Unmet informational needs are still a gap in current cancer care. The effect of eHealth interventions is not yet well established. Key is to educate patients and (future) healthcare professionals in eHealth. Future research should focus on identifying what kind of interventions are able to fill the gaps.
Model and Solution for Environmental/Economic Dispatch Considering Large-scale Wind Power Penetration

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Integrating the power generated by large-scale wind farm into power grid introduces an extra factor of uncertainties for generation dispatch.Based on multiobjective chance constrained programming,an environmental/economic dispatch model was formulated for the system incorporating wind farm.Minimizing both the fuel cost and emission of atmospheric pollutants of thermal generators were considered as objective functions.The up spinning reserve and the down spinning reserve constraints were included in the model.According to the cumulative distribution function of wind power,the stochastic optimization problem was transformed to a deterministic one.A two-stage approach incorporating multiobjective optimization and decision making was developed to solve the problem.In this approach,the Pareto optimal set could be pruned in order to help the decision maker to select a final solution.The proposed generation dispatch method was tested on a system consisting of 40 thermal generators and one large-scale wind farm,the results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.
Implemetasi Pada Guru/Pegawai di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru Dengan Metode Tes Uji Rinne Pada Remaja Gangguan Pendengaran Dengan Penggunaan Handphone

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mobile phone is one of the developing communication tools today. The global debate and controversy regarding the health effects of cell phones continues. There are concerns that radio frequency energy (radio waves) emitted can cause health problems, especially to hearing function. The aim of the study was to find out how "the description of hearing loss with the use of mobile phones in Pekanbaru 12 SMA. The type of research used is descriptive with probality sampling sampling technique where the sample in this study is to take respondents based on random or coincidental in SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru which amounted to 249 respondents. Data collection tools using questionnaires as well as examination of auditory function by means of the rinne test used is univariate. The results of the research which was conducted on 23 July - 28 July 2018 showed that of 249 respondents (100%) were all mobile users and from the results of rinne test, 66 respondents (26.5%) had positive hearing loss and 183 respondents (73 , 5%) negative did not experience hearing loss.
Distributionally Robust Optimization Under Distorted Expectations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Optimal Decision Making Under Distorted Expectation with Partial Distribution Information Decision makers who are not risk neutral may evaluate expected values by distorting objective probabilities to reflect their risk attitudes, a phenomenon known as distorted expectations. This concept is widely applied in behavioral economics, insurance, finance, and other business domains. In “Distributionally Robust Optimization Under Distorted Expectations,” Cai, Li, and Mao study how decision makers using distorted expectations can optimize their decisions when only partial information about objective probabilities is available. They show that decision makers who are ambiguity averse can optimize their decisions as if they are risk averse with their risk attitudes characterized by a convex distortion function. This finding demonstrates why even non–risk-averse decision makers, such as those studied in the celebrated cumulative prospect theory, may consider it optimal to take risk-averse decisions when facing uncertainty about objective probabilities. Leveraging this finding, the authors show that a large class of distributionally robust optimization problems involving the use of distorted expectations can be tractably solved as convex programs.
Plumbagin attenuates high glucose-induced trophoblast cell apoptosis and insulin resistance via activating AKT/mTOR pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plumbagin, a bioactive phytoconstituent, is isolated from the root of Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbagin possesses antidiabetic effect to mediate glucose homeostasis, wound healing and diabetic nephropathy. However, the involvement of plumbagin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been reported yet. Trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo) was incubated with high glucose to establish cell model of GDM. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by MTT and EdU staining. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell apoptosis. Cell viability of HTR8/SVneo was reduced by high glucose or incubation of plumbagin. Plumbagin restored reduced cell viability and proliferation of HTR8/SVneo induced by high glucose. Plumbagin attenuated high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells through upregulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Protein expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), insulin receptor (INSR)-B and INSR substrate (IRS1) was decreased in high glucose-induced HTR8/SVneo but increased by plumbagin. The suppressive effects of high glucose on phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in HTR8/SVneo were reversed by plumbagin. Plumbagin improved high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and insulin resistance of HTR8/SVneo through activation of AKT/mTOR pathway, suggesting that plumbagin might be used as a potential strategy for the prevention of GDM.
Optimal dosing of gliclazide—A model‐based approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gliclazide was approved as a treatment for type 2 diabetes in an era before model‐based drug development, and consequently, the recommended doses were not optimised with modern methods. To investigate various dosing regimens of gliclazide, we used publicly available data to characterise the dose‐response relationship using pharmacometric models. A literature search identified 21 published gliclazide pharmacokinetic (PK) studies with full profiles. These were digitised, and a PK model was developed for immediate‐ (IR) and modified‐release (MR) formulations. Data from a gliclazide dose‐ranging study of postprandial glucose were used to characterise the concentration–response relationship using the integrated glucose–insulin model. Simulations from the full model showed that the maximum effect was 44% of the patients achieving HbA1c <7%, with 11% experiencing glucose <3 mmol/L and the most sensitive patients (i.e., 5% most extreme) experiencing 35 min of hypoglycaemia. Simulations revealed that the recommended IR dose (320 mg) was appropriate with no efficacy gain with increased dose. However, the recommended dose for the MR formulation may be increased to 270 mg, with more patients achieving HbA1c goals (i.e., HbA1c <7%) without a hypoglycaemic risk higher than the resulting risk from the recommended IR dose.
Research and Design of a Hybrid DV-Hop Algorithm Based on the Chaotic Crested Porcupine Optimizer for Wireless Sensor Localization in Smart Farms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The efficient operation of smart farms relies on the precise monitoring of farm environmental information, necessitating the deployment of a large number of wireless sensors. These sensors must be integrated with their specific locations within the fields to ensure data accuracy. Therefore, efficiently and rapidly determining the positions of sensor nodes presents a significant challenge. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid optimization DV-Hop localization algorithm based on the chaotic crested porcupine optimizer. The algorithm leverages the received signal strength indicator, combined with node hierarchical values, to achieve graded processing of the minimum number of hops. Polynomial fitting methods are employed to reduce the estimation distance error from the beacon nodes to unknown nodes. Finally, the chaotic optimization crested porcupine optimizer is designed for intelligent optimization. Simulation experiments verify the proposed algorithm’s localization performance across different monitoring areas, varying beacon node ratios, and assorted communication radii. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively enhances node localization accuracy and significantly reduces localization errors compared to the results for other algorithms. In future work, we plan to consider the impact of algorithm complexity on the lifespan of wireless sensor networks and to further evaluate the algorithm in a pH monitoring system for farmland.