jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A bond valence analysis of electroluminescent ZnS: Cu, Cl to elucidate the aging mechanism

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Brightness decay in electroluminescent (EL) phosphors is a diffusion-related phenomenon. Copper is shown to be the most easily diffusing species, although all diffusion is strongly influenced by the presence of sulfur vacancies or, to a lesser extent, halogen atoms substituting on sulfur sites. Diffusion is facile in the Cu 2− x S which decorates the defects in EL phosphors, and bond valence sums harmonize well with the existence of a plethora of copper sulfide binary phases. Strategies for improving the useable lifetimes of EL phosphors are examined.
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, STRES KERJA DAN KESEIMBANGAN KEHIDUPAN KERJA SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS PENGEMUDI OJEK DARING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Flexible work schedules force driving partners to accept unnatural revenue levels and working conditions, which negatively impacts the welfare of online motorcycle taxi drivers. In order to objectively demonstrate how social support, work stress, and work-life balance affect the psychological health of online motorcycle taxi drivers, research was performed. This study uses quantitative methods with data from 244 Surakarta City motorbike taxi drivers who were randomly selected for the study. Scale is used in the data collection methods for this research. After removing the outlier from the gathered data, SPSS 16.0 is used to run a multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicated that work-life balance, societal support, and workplace stress all have an impact on the psychological health of online motorcycle.
METODOLOGI PEMAHAMAN SYARI’AH (Analisis Muqaddimah Kitab al-Muwafaqat Karya Asy-Syatibi)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p><em>Legality is one basic of penal law beside culpability in deciding the punishment. Legality is often perceived similar to law enforcement. According to Article 1 (1) of the Penal Law (KUHP), the law refers to written law. In fact, there is also living law mentioned in the Constitution. This kind of situation often causes the judge decision fails to meet social justice since the decision is merely based on formal law and neglected material law, such as in the case of Minah in Banyumas Court. Thus, progressive approach is necessitated in order to understand legality both in formal and material law in accordance with national legal ideals, Pancasila. </em></p>
A new ultra‐high throughput method for characterizing combinatorial libraries incorporating a multiple probe autosampler coupled with flow injection mass spectrometry analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new method for ultra-fast flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) has been developed. An eight probe autosampler system implemented for FIA-MS analysis of combinatorial libraries synthesized in microtiter plates has enabled sample analysis times to be dramatically reduced as compared to microtiter plate analyses using single arm autosamplers. Compounds contained within the microtiter plate wells are processed eight at a time, eight samples in under a minute. Using this multiple probe autosampler, it has been possible to process a single microtiter plate in 12 minutes. To facilitate the data acquisition and processing of the samples, the sample data acquisition list, originally generated for registration of compounds synthesized in a microtiter plate format, was modified using an Excel macro into the format of an injection sample list for mass spectral data acquisition. Further, an automated data processing script was developed to process the multi-injection analysis results. Applications of the probe multiple autosampler to the analysis of combinatorial libraries synthesized in microtiter plates and compounds purified into deep well microtiter plates is presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN DISSEMINATED SCLEROSIS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Phosphorus Metabolism in Disseminated Sclerosis Get access Arthur Weil, M.D., Arthur Weil, M.D. Chicago, Ill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George B. Bradburne, M.D. George B. Bradburne, M.D. Chicago, Ill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 7, Issue 4, October 1948, Pages 447–452, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-194810000-00007 Published: 01 October 1948
An Analysis on the Influence of Employment Goal Setting to University Student's Employment Preparation Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 4년제 대학생의 취업준비행동에 있어 취업목표설정이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고 어떠한 취업준비행동이 취업목표달성에 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 한국고용정보원에서 제공하는 대졸자 직업이동 경로조사(GOMS) 중 '2011GOMS1'을 활용하였다. 분석결과 취업목표를 설정한 경우가 취업목표를 설정하지 않은 경우보다 취업준비행동에 더 적극적인 것으로 나타났으며 취업목표달성에 영향을 미치는 취업준비행동으로는 경력개발프로그램 중 직장체험프로그램이 정(+)적인 영향을, 진로 및 취업교과목이 부(-)적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이번 연구를 통해 목표설정유무는 취업준비행동에 긍정적으로 기여함을 확인하였다. 하지만 목표설정이 취업준비행동을 유발하지만 이것이 곧 목표달성을 가져 오는 것이 아니므로 대학생들이 합리적인 진로목표를 설정할 수 있도록 하는 상담 및 프로그램 운영과 함께 체계적인 취업교과목 운영, 직장체험의 기회 확대해야 할 것이다. The issue of this research is to verify the influence of effort that university students putting and employment goal setting regarding employment preparation behavior. And which behavior affects to the employment goal achievement. This research could surely find that it is positive to employment goal setting. But employment goal setting is not enough to get a actual job. So we should manage job counseling program, and methodical subjects which is directly connected to employment. And also we have to enlarge the opportunity to experience actual job to help graduate students to get a job.
Monte Carlo Study of the Adsorption and Aggregation of Alkyltrimethylammonium Chloride on the Montmorillonite–Water Interface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Organically modified clays exhibit adsorption capacities for cations, anions, and nonpolar organic compounds, which make them valuable for various environmental technical applications. To improve the understanding of the adsorption processes, the molecular-scale characterization of the structures of organic aggregates assembled on the external basal surfaces of clay particles is essential. The focus of this Monte Carlo simulation study was on the effects of the surface coverage and the alkyl chain length n on the structures of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride ((C(n)TMA)Cl) aggregates assembled on the montmorillonite-water interface. We found that the amount of adsorbed C(n)TMA(+) ions is independent of the alkyl chain length and increases with the C(n)TMA(+) surface coverage. The C(n)TMA(+) ions predominantly adsorb as inner-sphere complexes; the fraction of outer-sphere adsorbed ions equals only about 10%. The conformational order of the C(n)TMA(+) alkyl chains substantially decreases with decreasing alkyl chain length. In agreement with previous experiments, the amount of C(n)TMA(+) ions that are aggregated at the mineral surface increases with increasing chain length. The maximum value of 0.66 C(n)TMA(+) adsorption complex per unit cell area of the clay surface considerably exceeds the amount of cations required to compensate the negative charge of the montmorillonite surface. Furthermore, in most of the studied systems, fractions of Na(+) surface cations remain adsorbed on montmorillonite. The resulting interfacial positive charge excess is counterbalanced by coadsorbed chloride ions forming ion pairs with both C(n)TMA(+) and Na(+).
Anti-Arthritic and Antiinflammatory Effects of the Traditional Uighur Formula Kursi CaperIn Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Kursi Caper (KC) is a Uighur medicine based on caper which is widely used to treat arthritis and rheumatism, and preliminary studies in our laboratory showed that this traditional formula may possess potent antiinflammatory effects. This study confirms the antiinflammatory effect of KC in the adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model, the carrageenan and cotton-pellet induced granuloma rat models, and further investigates in vivo the mechanism of action by measuring relevant indicators of anti-arthritic activity. KC showed significant and dose-dependent anti-arthritic and antiinflammatory effects, demonstrated by reduced paw edema and arthritic scores in all animal models. Histopathological examination showed that KC reduced levels of synovial inflammatory factors in AIA rats. The overproduction of TNF-α and IL-1β was attenuated, and CAT, MDA and SOD levels were restored to normal in KC-treated rats. KC also significantly reduced LPS-induced proliferation of B lymphocytes and ConA induced proliferation of T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that the high dose KC-treated group had a significantly decreased frequency of Th17 cells. This study indicates that KC can significantly attenuate arthritis and inflammation in rats by decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, regulating oxidative stress, reducing lymphocyte proliferation and decreasing Th17. This supports the traditional use of KC as a potential modern therapeutic agent for the treatment of arthritis and related conditions.
Effectiveness of preventive dental programs offered to mothers by non-dental professionals to control Early Childhood Dental Caries: A review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Early childhood caries is a common chronic childhood disease and maternal oral health is a risk factor. Improving the oral health behaviours of pregnant women/young mothers can positively influence the oral health of children and reduce their caries risk. Such preventative strategies have been undertaken by non-dental professionals producing mixed results encompassing various interventions across the perinatal period. However, no comprehensive review of these studies has been undertaken. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of maternal oral health programs undertaken during the antenatal and/or postnatal period by non-dental health professionals to reduce early childhood caries. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was undertaken using key search terms. Studies were included if they (a) involved quantitative study designs with a control; (b) were published in English; (c) reported on interventions delivered by non-dental professionals (d) delivered the intervention to expectant mothers or mothers with young infants up to 24 months; (e) measured outcomes when the child was under 5 years; (f) measured changes in oral health outcomes of children clinically and oral health behaviours of mothers or children. No restrictions were placed on the study quality and setting. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and involved interventions delivered by diverse non-dental professionals across the antenatal (n=1), postnatal (n=6) and perinatal period (n=2). Most studies were of low methodological quality (n=6). The interventions focussed on oral health education (n=8), dental referrals (n=3) and oral health assessments (n=1). Interventions conducted in either the postnatal or antenatal periods showed meaningful improvements in children’s clinical and mother’s behavioural oral health outcomes. The outcomes appear to be sustained when a suite of interventions were used along with referral reminders. There were mixed results from interventions across the perinatal period. Conclusions: Non-dental professionals can promote maternal oral health by providing oral health education, risk assessment and referrals. Combining these interventions could provide a sustained improvement in oral health outcomes for children although current evidence is weak. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether the antenatal and/or postnatal period is best suited to deliver these interventions.
Enhanced sensing of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition components based on noble-metal-functionalized cerium oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are widely used gas-sensing materials because of their large response values and fast response speed. However, high operating temperature hinders the development of MOS-based gas sensors. To detect SF6 decomposition components (including H2S, SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2), here, we have synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) via a facile hydrothermal routine, followed by functionalization with Au, Ag, and Pd noble metals to improve sensor performance. Our developed CeO2-based sensor exhibited high response to target gases at a low working temperature. After doping various metals into the CeO2 NPs, we acquired distinct patterns of dynamic responses for SF6 decomposition components. Au functionalization could maximize the enhancements of sensor responses to H2S (976%), SO2 (153%), and SOF2 (151%) at 100 °C, and a Pd-modified CeO2-based sensor exhibited optimal response to SO2F2 at a relatively high temperature of 250 °C. In addition, high response values, short response–recovery times, good repeatability, and low detection limits were also obtained from CeO2-based sensors. Our results verified that doping different noble metals into CeO2 NPs should be a promising strategy to design high-performance gas sensors for SF6 decomposition component detection. Keywords: Gas sensor, CeO2, Noble metal functionalization, SF6 decomposition components
New Development and Application of Microalloyed Medium Carbon Steel for Auto Forging Products

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microalloyed medium carbon steels have been applied for auto forging products at the aim of lower cost since 1980’s in China. Without quenching and tempering processes, the cost of heat treatment was greatly decreased, so they are widely applied in car forgings such as crankshaft, connecting rod. Recently, with the aim of improving performance and reducing production cost, new technologies, such as: reductions of microalloyed elements, tailored components, and mechanical properties forecast, have been developed in China auto industry. The designation, processing, properties prediction and microstructure of auto components have been controlled comprehensively. With the development of new technologies, microalloyed medium carbon steel gradually began to be applied to product important parts, and replace Quenching and Tempering steels. Both steel makers and end product users are expressed their desire to share benefits of technological innovation. The technologies will have a huge developing space and very bright developing prospects in motor parts industry in future.
OPTIMAL FINANCING AND DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION WITH TRANSACTION COSTS IN THE CASE OF RESTRICTED DIVIDEND RATES

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We consider the optimal financing (capital injections) and dividend payment problem for a Brownian motion model in the case of restricted dividend rates. The company has no obligation to inject capitals and therefore, the bankruptcy risk is present. Capital injections, if any, will incur both fixed and proportional transaction costs and dividend payments incur proportional transaction costs. The aim is to find the optimal strategy to maximize the expected present value of dividend payments minus the total cost of capital injections up to the time of bankruptcy. The problem is formulated as a mixed impulse-regular control problem. We address the problem via studying three cases of two auxiliary functions. We derive important analytical properties of the auxiliary functions and use them to study the value function and then identify the optimal control strategy. We show that the optimal dividend control is of threshold type and the optimal financing strategy prescribes to either never inject capitals or inject capitals only when the surplus reaches 0 with a fixed lump sum amount.
Depth of infestation by Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) into grain layers of wheat, maize and sorghum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The depth of infestation of stored wheat, maize and sorghum by Sitotroga cerealella (Ol.) was investigated in the laboratory in Nigeria using columns of grain 4.8 cm in diameter to simulate bulk storage conditions. Infestation was started by the artificial placement of eggs (80 on maize and 120 on wheat and sorghum) and, in other replicates, by exposure to 4 pairs of adults. After 10 weeks at 25°C and 70% RH, counts of damaged grains at various levels showed that the depth of infestation of maize (12 cm) was twice that of sorghum or wheat. Infestation decreased with depth on all grains, but the pattern of penetration differed between the 3 grain types
DISULFIDE INTERCHANGE AND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This article was published after Anfinsen's laboratory had delineated and demonstrated the major principles of protein
folding and during a period when research at the lab turned to the disulfide interchange enzyme that accelerates the reactivation
of the reduced form of ribonuclease. In the lab, Givol and Goldberger had worked to achieve in vitro the reactivation rates
that would be compatible with the rate of protein biosynthesis. Purifying the enzyme proved difficult, so the team decided
to utilize disulfide interchange activity to demonstrate other aspects related to protein folding and structure. The results
of these experiments were consistent with the idea that the disulfide bonds in chymtrypsinogen were formed according to the
information present in the single-chain protein, which is subsequently converted by peptide bond cleavage to the metastable
three-chain chymotrypsin. Based on this, Anfinsen's group reasoned that the inactivation of a multi-chain protein by
disulfide interchange indicated its origin as a single-chain protein during biosynthesis.
Recipient-type specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells favor immune reconstitution and control graft-versus-host disease while maintaining graft-versus-leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg’s) play a pivotal role in preventing organ-specific autoimmune diseases and in inducing tolerance to allogeneic organ transplants. We and others recently demonstrated that high numbers of Treg’s can also modulate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) if administered in conjunction with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. In a clinical setting, it would be impossible to obtain enough freshly purified Treg’s from a single donor to have a therapeutic effect. Thus, we performed regulatory T cell expansion ex vivo by stimulation with allogeneic APCs, which has the additional effect of producing alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells. Here we show that regulatory T cells specific for recipient-type alloantigens control GVHD while favoring immune reconstitution. Irrelevant regulatory T cells only mediate a partial protection from GVHD. Preferential survival of specific regulatory T cells, but not of irrelevant regulatory T cells, was observed in grafted animals. Additionally, the use of specific regulatory T cells was compatible with some form of graft-versus-tumor activity. These data suggest that recipient-type specific Treg’s could be preferentially used in the control of GVHD in future clinical trials.
Youth Unemployment and Entrepreneurship

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper deals with the problem of youth unemployment and entrepreneurship as a way out of unemployment. The battle against youth unemployment is a top European priority, since the youth unemployment rate is more than twice as high as the adult one, because the chances for a young unemployed person of finding a job are low, because their jobs tend to be less stable, because there are significant skills mismatches on the labor market. Entrepreneurship is a powerful driver of economic growth and job creation; it makes economies more competitive and innovative. The motivation for entrepreneurial career is different with different age cohorts. Youth represent a group with the highest entrepreneurial potential. In the empirical study, we analyze entrepreneurial tendencies among Slovene students of business schools and with factor analysis approach we try to define underlying entrepreneurial tendency dimensions as the literature suggests that entrepreneurial characteristics play an important role in influencing the individual’ decision to become entrepreneurs. We defined four such entrepreneurial tendency dimensions: need for independence and achievement, problem solving, planning, and dealing with uncertain situations. However, the need for independence and achievement and problem solving are the strongest drivers of entrepreneurial tendency. The results of the study can be of help to policymakers when updating labor market policy measures in connection with the educational policy.
Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Crowley and Otero Counties, Colorado

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer of the Arkansas River valley in Crowley and Otero Counties, Colorado is presented in a series of three maps. The map shows: (1) the altitude and configuration of the bedrock surface beneath the valley-fill material; (2) the altitude and configuration of the water table in the spring of 1966; and (3) the saturation thickness of the valley-fill aquifer in the spring of 1966.
DESIGN APPROACHES IN ROCKFALL EMBANKMENT A NEW METHOD TO DESIGN ROCKFALL EMBANKMENTS AT THE SERVICEABILITY AND ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rockfall barriers can absorb extremely high energy levels. Unfortunately, their cost and installation difficulties rise according to the energy level, so that barriers fit to withstand more than 3,5 - 5,0 MJ impacts could be very expansive. In case of high energy level, the embankments are the real cost effective alternative to the rockfall barriers: in matter of facts they resist to multiple impacts with very small downslope deformation, they are environmental friend, and last but not least, their maintenance cost is negligible. That is why in the last years many advancing have been done in order to improve their performance, aesthetic and designing aspects. Concerning the designing, a large effort has been developed by Officine Maccaferri S.p.A. in cooperation with the Polytechnic of Turin, with the aim to develop a reliable and simple design approach. The result, carried out on the base of previous studies, FEM analyses and case histories, allows the embankment sizing considering its ultimate (ULS) and serviceability limit states (SLS). The first one (USL) helps to minimize the size, whereas the second one (SLS) let foresee maintenance aspects and interference problem with next infrastructures. GENERAL ASPECTS FOR THE DESIGNING
The influence of socioeconomic status of parents onchildren's academic performance in nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of students and their academic 'achievement was examined in this study. The research was carried out on a randomly selected sample of 623 Junior Secondary School students from four secondary schools in Ado-Odo, Ota, Ogun State. The parental educational and occupational background was used as a measure of family social status. Student achievement is a score of the standardized Junior Secondary School Examination in English language organized by National Examination Council [NECO]. Parental Social Economic Status in particular has a significant and substantive independent effect on individual academic achievement.