jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Minimising Influenza Disease with Fibrates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Pathogens such as influenza viruses stimulate a cytokine storm or hypercytokinaemia that contributes to fatality from the disease. Our group has already shown that in influenza A virus-infected mice (A/Japan/305/57) treated with the lipid-lowering medication gemfibrozil, mortality is halved by gemfibrozil treatment. We have now extended this finding to another fibrate, fenofibrate, and have shown that it too, reduces the mortality of severe murine influenza. Effects of the statin simvastatin were also examined. Methods: Female BALB/c mice, 6 weeks old, were anaesthetised with avertin and infected with 50 HAU of H2N2 (A/Japan/305/57) influenza A virus via intranasal instillation. Mice were given fenofibrate (45 mg/kg, as a suspension in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose in saline), gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg, in propylene glycol) or simvastatin (0.2 mg/kg, solubilised in ethanol and diluted in endotoxin-free saline), from days 4–10 post-infection (p.i.). In all experiments injections of drugs were given by the intraperitoneal route, and mock-treated control mice received the vehicle alone. Results: Mock-treated mice succumbed to influenza virus infection (0% survival), while fenofibrate treatment increased the percentage of mice surviving to about 30%. Gemfibrozil treatment reliably produced a similar effect on survival. Simvastatin had no effect on the course of infection, and the vehicle alone (saline) had a protective effect. We propose that further experiments are required to determine the correct dosage and timing for simvastatin treatment. Conclusions: Fibrates may prove useful as adjuncts to antivirals in a future influenza pandemic. Further, they may serve as influenza treatments in their own right, either alone or when combined with other generic medications.
Prototyping and Evaluation of Display Media using VR for Art Appreciation Education at School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We examined the use of VR (Virtual Reality) as one solution for improving the display media adopted in art appreciation classes. Art appreciation is gaining greater importance in Japanese education. However, the existing display media, as teaching tools, do not effectively present artworks for classroom study. Existing teaching tools are incapable of accurately depicting the scale and scope of an actual work or providing a stereoscopic view of it from different directions. Many Japanese art teachers have strongly urged the implementation of these two functions, i.e., realsize and multi-direction display. Therefore, we examined technologies to achieve these functions and then proposed a trial presentation medium, VR-SM (Virtual Reality – School Museum), using virtual-reality technology. We conducted an experiment on art appreciation using high school students to compare VR-SM with conventional presentation media. Consequently, the high school students in our study found that VR-SM was a superior medium for displaying artworks at actual size and for appreciating them from many directions. VR-SM thus proved itself to be a promising solution to the problem of constructing dramatic and stimulating display media for presenting artworks.
QUANTUM CHEMICAL MODELING OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INHIBITORS OF CORROSION AND HYDROGEN ABSORPTION OF STEEL AT PRESENCE OF SRB (BASED ON 1,4-QUINONE DERIVATIVES)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The results of quantum chemical computations of isolated molecules(derivatives of 1,4-quinone) performed by using restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF)method with the aid of Gaussian94 software in 3-21G basis set, are reported.Correlation coefficients between quantum chemical characteristics (QCC) of themolecules of inhibitors of corrosion and hydrogen absorption of steel St3 andexperimentally measured efficiencies of such species as the inhibitors in SRBcontaining media, have been calculated.
Policy and Competitiveness of Integrated Agricultural-Based technology for Cocoa Production in Indonesia: Application of a Policy Analysis Matrix

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Purpose: The research aimed to evaluate the competitiveness of smallholder cocoa plantations and the efficiency of input use in cocoa farming by strengthening farmer groups Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The research design includes the steps taken in conducting research, data sources, and how to obtain data and data analysis. The research clearly describes the variables, data collection, and data analysis methods to have a clear picture of the competitiveness of cocoa farming. Design/methodology/approach : Measuring the competitiveness of cocoa in Bali using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. PAM analysis is used to calculate private profit, which is a measure of farm competitiveness at the market price level or the actual price Findings: Competitiveness at the social price level is placed on the second row of the PAM table, Indonesia is an agricultural country and the development of the main agricultural sector, especially cocoa commodities which are managed through community plantations in rural areas, shows the ability to be comparatively competitive, even competitive, even though some components such as private farmer profits can be achieved at 69% compared to what cocoa farmers should receive. Farmers can receive social benefits of up to 40%. Even though cocoa production receives output subsidies, cocoa farmers are only able to obtain a price of 79%, or 21% lower than the world cocoa price, but it is still competitively profitable for farmers. The inputs needed by farmers in cocoa production can be managed by farmers so that the price of tradable inputs at the farmer level shows the same price at the economic level so that it is said to have comparative and competitive competitiveness. Research, Practical & Social implications: Competitive cocoa in Indonesia provides benefits to farmers at small-scale plantations of up to 69 %, and the profits received by farmers are 40% when measured comparatively. Originality/value: Originality/Value: This research is original. Implemented in smallholder cocoa plantations in Indonesia with integrated crop-livestock farming patterns to produce outputs that can compete at social prices and to motivate other cocoa farmers to develop farming system innovations that can increase cocoa production based on local resources.
Patristic Christology: Through the Looking Glass of the Heretics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary Christological developments often overlook traditional theological statements made in earlier centuries, or else undermine their importance, in an endeavour to create a non-hellenistic ontology. This article presents the traditional arguments of the Church Fathers in the period preceding the great Council of Chalcedon (451), examining them in the context of Church and salvation, while also recalling the illuminating insights of certain writers subsequently branded as heretics.
Molecular structure of finely disperse Na+Cl−(H2O) n aerosol particles in water vapor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The thermodynamic states corresponding to solvent separated (SSIP) and contacting (CIP) Na+Cl− ion pairs in molecular water clusters have been obtained by random walks in a configurational space with an equilibrium distribution function at 273 and 150 K. The transition to the SSIP state begins in a thresh-old-type manner in clusters containing 10–12 molecules, with the interionic distance increasing continuously up to disintegration into two hydrated ions with the growth of a hydration shell. As the cluster size increases, the hydration shell shifts from sodium ion to chlorine ion. In the first hydration layer, the electric field of the ions ruptures as many as 50% of hydrogen bonds.
The features of proliferative processes in the thyroid gland of the Wistar rat’s offspring after intrauterine action of dexamethasone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The features of proliferative processes in the thyroid gland of the Wistar rat’s offspring after intrauterine action of dexamethasone were studied. Animals were divided into 3 groups: I – intact rats; II – control – animals, which on the 18th day of the dated pregnancy transuterine, transdermal, subcutaneously in the interscapular area was injected with 0.9 % saline in the amount of 0.05 ml; III – experimental group – animals, which during laparotomy by intrauterine, transdermal subcutaneous injection in the interscapular area was injected with a solution of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.05 ml at a dilution of 1:40 intrauterinely on the 18th day of pregnancy (Ukrainian patent No.112288). In the experimental subgroups used the allowable, generally accepted number of animals for statistical processing and obtaining reliable results – 6 animals. The thyroid gland with the tracheal area was removed on the 21st, 30th, 45th, 60th, 90th, 120th days of life. Immunohistochemical study was performed according to the protocol recommended for a particular antibody manufacturer. Monoclonal antibodies ki-67 (Ki-67), Fox-1 Antibody (A-12) were used to assess proliferative activity, the company Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (USA). The study found that the thyroid gland of rats of infantile period, which prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, is structurally represented by chaotically located follicles of different diameters with a predominance of large with desquamated cells in the lumen, and proliferative changes aimed at forming extrafollicular which is confirmed immunohistochemically by the presence of Ki-67-positive cells. Intracellularly, protein- synthesizing organelles of thyrocytes also proliferate, to which there is a clear cytoplasmic and nuclear reaction with Fox-1 antibodies. Dining the juvenile period, proliferative processes in the thyroid gland of animals of the experimental group are stabilized while maintaining the morphological structure of the hypofunctional type, and remain lower compared to the control and intact groups. Morphological signs of functional tension of the thyroid gland animals exposed prenatally to dexamethasone, which correlate with a decrease in proliferative activity, indicate a functional compensatory response of synthetic and hormone-producing function, but suppression of proliferative processes, despite the slight manifestations. The thyroid gland of morphological hypofunctional type after prenatal action of dexamethasone in young rats, indicates an adaptogenic compensatory response and morphofunctional immaturity of the organ during this period, which may be the basis for provoking the preservation of such morphogenetic factors under the influence of stressors. Keywords: thyroid gland, proliferation, dexamethasone, experiment, rats.
Prediction of Design Team Performance on a Conceptual Design Task Using an Automatable, Topic-Independent Analysis of Language Use

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this research, starting with an established metric called the Language Style Matching (LSM) measure [1] we show that some new LSM-based measures can predict team performance on an open-ended design task. We call these Style Entrainment Signal (SES) measures. Using them, two conversational patterns are newly identified, which we call “dwelling” and “forward-moving.” We show that a forward-moving pattern is associated with better-rated results produced by teams in 30-minute long conceptual design meetings with significant brainstorming activity. Through this, we gain insight into some of the interpersonal dynamics that contribute to a design team’s success. These results are founded on previous work in psycholinguistics, where it has been shown that analysis of language use can be used in several ways to predict a team’s performance on short, well-defined tasks. By expanding the research to more open-ended design tasks, and identifying two newly-measurable conversational patterns, we contribute back to psycholinguistic theory. The analysis developed for this work is automatable and topic-independent, and so it has potential to be applied widely.
Surgical therapy of chronic pancreatitis: clinical results and health-related quality of life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction There are several well-established surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP). The present study seeks to evaluate the perioperative and long-term outcome of these procedures. Methods All patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR), and distal pancreatectomy (DP) for CP were retrospectively analyzed with regards to the perioperative outcome and long-term survival. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results There were 145 patients available for analysis. Major complications (grade IIIb–V) occurred in 19 %, in-hospital mortality was 4.2 %, and 90-day mortality was 3 % with no differences between the different resection groups (all p > 0.05). Ten-year survival was 58 % and was highest in the DP group (100 %) but without statistical significance (p = 0.72). The response rate of the HRQoL assessment was 45 % (65 of 145). There was a significant improvement with regards to pain and HRQoL of all resection groups compared to the preoperative group (all p < 0.05). With respect to HRQoL and pain relief, the PD, DPPHR, and DP did not differ significantly. Discussion Surgical therapy of CP can be performed safely. The 3 different types of resection performed equally with regards to complications and HRQoL.
II. Comparison of radioimmunoprecipitation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay techniques for measurement of immunoglobulin G specific for a complex allergen mixture (yellow jacket venom)*

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

were 5- to I2-fold higher by RIP analysis while the remaining two sera were 2 and 4.3 times higher in the SPRIA. Serum-dilution curves of these six discrepant sera in the RIP assay demonstrated nonparallelism and differential plateau binding ranging from 40% to 140% of rhe reference serum plateau level. An contrast, the same six discordant sera evaluated in the SPRIA produced parallel serum-dilution curves. To assess the validity of each method, absorption experiments and Staph A solid-phase elution technique (SPET) were performed on each discrepant serum. Absorption experiments with insolubilized YJ antigen showed that all IgG anti-YJ detectable in the RIP was removed. Furthermore, results from the Staph A elution technique demonstrated the same rank order and relative potency of the six discrepant sera as shown by the SPRIA but not by the RIP analyses. These jindings suggest that for some YJ sera, the SPRIA gives more accurate estimates of IgG antibody content than does the RIP assay. In addition, the SPRIA presents several advantages over the RIP in the measurement of spec$c IgG in complex antigen mixtures: (I) The problems of radioiodination reproducibility and low immunoreactivity that are commonly seen with crude antigenic mixtures are avoided. (2) Antigen-excess conditions are employed, thereby assuring sujicient antigen to quantify all antibody specljicities. (3) IgE and IgG measurements in the same sera are more comparable since the same antigen-sorbent can be used in both the radioallergorsorbent test (RAST) for IgE and Staph A SPRIA for IgG. (4) Only one radiolabeled detection protein is required for evaluation of many antigen systems, thus alleviating the need for frequent radioiodination of multiple complex antigen mixtures. (5) Problems of nonparallelism and di#erential plateau binding that were observed in a minority of sera in the RIP assay for YJ antibody may be circumvented. We conclude, therefore, that the SPRIA has distinct advantages that may commend its use over RIP in the assessment of spec$c IgG in some complex antigen systems.
ALLEE EFFECT IN POPULATION DYNAMICS: EXISTENCE OF BREATHER-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND CONTROL OF CHAOS THROUGH DISPERSAL

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a one-dimensional chain of identical sites, appropriate for colonization by a biological species. The dynamics at each site is subjected to the demographic Allee effect. We consider nonzero probability p of dispersal to the nearby sites and we prove, for small values of p, the existence of asymptotically stable time-periodic and space-localized solutions, such that the central site carries the vast majority of the metapopulation, while the populations at nearby sites attain very small values. We study numerically a chain of three sites, both for the case of open ends or periodic boundary conditions. We study the bifurcations leading to transition from chaotic to periodic behavior and vice-versa and note that the increase of the dispersal probability in both cases controls the chaotic behavior of the metapopulation.
The Clinical Course in Muscular Subaortic Stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective and prospective analysis of the clinical course of 60 hemodynamically proved cases of muscular subaortic stenosis showed that in 41 (68%) the murmur was the first evidence of the disease. Fifty-six of the 60 patients (93%) developed symptoms (Class II, New York Heart Association) an average of 10 years after the murmur was first heard, and 40 (66%) deteriorated to Class III-IV an average of 5 years after the onset of symptoms. Of 28 untreated or propranolol-treated patients, 4 (14%) died of the disease. This experience indicates that muscular subaortic stenosis is a progressive disease once symptoms start. Most patients experienced symptomatic improvement with propranolol therapy. However, only 25% of Class III-IV patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction at rest maintained this improvement into the second year of therapy, whereas 75% of patients in Class III-IV who underwent ventriculomyotomy have had sustained symptomatic improvement.
Abstract 2841: Development and validation of a systemic human multiple myeloma model utilizing luciferase expressing MM1.S tumor cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of transformed plasma cells leading to overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins and subsequently end-stage organ damage. Despite therapeutic advances, MM is an incurable disease with poor prognosis in high-risk patients, and thus relevant preclinical models are necessary to develop novel treatment strategies. We developed a Multiple Myeloma in vivo model by systemic implantation of the luciferase-expressing glucocorticoid sensitive tumor cell line MM1.S (MM1.S-Luc) into immunodeficient NCG mice. First, we generated a MM1.S-Luc monoclonal cell line from a polyclonal pool of stable luciferase-expressing cells by limiting dilution. Single cells from the stable pool were expanded under selective pressure and four MM1.S-Luc monoclonal lines were selected based on in vitro growth properties and bioluminescence intensity. Next, we determined the in vivo tumor growth profile by testing the monoclonal lines at two different cell inoculums, and disease progression was monitored by in vivo serial bioimaging. MM1.S-Luc tumor growth kinetics revealed a long latency and based on our in vivo imaging results, the tumor preferentially localized to the long bones, lungs, and mandible. For validation of the MM1.S-Luc in vivo model, we determined the efficacy and survival benefit in response to various clinically relevant standard of care agents including Dexamethasone, Daratumumab, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Panobinostat, and Bortezomib. The quantification of tumor burden by bioluminescent imaging showed reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival with Panobinostat and Cyclophosphamide. In summary, we have developed a systemic MM1.S-Luc model that recapitulates the disease dissemination and invasiveness of multiple myeloma for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. Citation Format: Bincy John, Christopher Currie, Nicole Westrick, Tyler Rowe, Andrew Wong, Elizabeth Rainbolt, Zachary Ward, Chassidy Hall, David Harris. Development and validation of a systemic human multiple myeloma model utilizing luciferase expressing MM1.S tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2841.
The problem of the language crisis in “The confession” by Arthur Adamov

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

К. П. Османова ПРОБЛЕМА КРИЗИСА ЯЗЫКА В «ПРИЗНАНИИ» АРТЮРА АДАМОВАСтатья содержит анализ взглядов французского писателя Артюра Адамова (Arthur Adamov, 1908-1970) на проблему языка, отразившихся в его автобиографической книге «Признание» ("L 'Aveu", 1946).Предпринимается попытка определить место и значение языковой рефлексии Адамова как в идейном сюжете его книги, так и в эстетической парадигме эпохи модернизма.«Упадок языка» рассматривается Адамовым как результат процесса деградации и десакрализации культуры, признак утраты сущностных связей и ценностных ориентиров.Современный язык есть, согласно Адамову, живой организм, страдающий двойственностью и бренностью, лишённый универсальности и рельефности.Но иных средств самовыражения, которые могли бы язык заменить, человек не знает, и, обречённый на немоту, испытывает настоятельную необходимость в его всестороннем переосмыслении и обновлении.Исходя из этой необходимости, Адамов обращается к этимологии, древней науке об истинном значении слов, и развивает ряд идейных мотивов, раскрывающих связь проблемы языка с
Predictors and outcomes of postoperative respiratory failure after cardiac surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Postoperative respiratory failure after cardiac surgery (CS‐PRF) is a devastating complication and its incidence and predictors vary depending on how it is defined and the patient population. Aims This study was conducted to determine the incidence, predictors and outcomes of CS‐PRF defined as prolonged mechanical ventilation >48 hours and reintubation. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 1257 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between June 2011 and December 2018. The research questions were addressed through bivariate inferential, descriptive and binary logistic regression . Results The overall incidence of CS‐PRF was 15.9% and significant regression predictors included diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.77, P = .001), preoperative renal replacement therapy (OR = 2.07, P = .033), need for intraoperative transfusion (OR = 2.35, P = .000), combined coronary bypass/valvular surgery (OR = 2.61, P = .001) and intra‐aortic balloon pump (OR = 3.60, P = .000). CS‐PRF patients had increased postoperative blood transfusions (69.5% vs 27.9%, P = .000), reoperation for bleeding (9.0 vs 0.4%, P = .000), pleural effusion (13.5% vs 4.1%, P = .000), pneumonia (33.5% vs 1.6%, P = .000), acute kidney injury (70.9% vs 39.9%, P = .000), atrial fibrillation (42.5% vs 26.3%, P = .000), coma/encephalopathy (21.5% vs 3.3%, P = .000) and cerebrovascular accident (6.0% vs 1.3%, P = .000). They also had longer intensive care (262.1 vs 97.4 hours, P = .000) and hospital lengths of stay (17 vs 8 days, P = .000), and increased in‐hospital mortality (17.5% vs 0.4%, P = .000). Survivors of CS‐PRF were less likely to be discharged home (38.0% vs 84.4%, P = .000). Conclusions Knowledge of predictors for CS‐PRF may help identify patients who are at risk for this complication and who may benefit from preventive measures to promote early extubation and to avert reintubation.