jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring access to care from the perspective of patients with breast cancer: A qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Patients face a myriad of personal and system‐based challenges in accessing breast cancer care, but less is known about access as expressed and experienced by patients themselves. The objective of this qualitative study was to further explore the breadth of issues related to access from the perspective of patients with breast cancer across their care journey. Methods Twelve women participated in 1‐h semi‐structured interviews and 48 women participated in 2‐h focus groups at six oncology practices in 2018. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Results Six primary themes emerged concerning access to care: information, psychosocial support, health insurance, financial resources, timeliness, and emotions. Conclusions This study identified six core dimensions of access to care. Access encompassed not only gaining entrée to care services—in the traditional sense of access—but also the continuing support needed to effectively use those services throughout the cancer care journey. Future strategies aimed at improving access to breast cancer care should attend to these ongoing patient‐centric and system‐based issues which are mostly amenable to change.
Thickness-dependent enhancement of the optical resolution in the vicinity of an epsilon-near-zero slab

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies reports that an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) thin slab between a\nspecimen and a substrate contributes in enhancing the spatial resolution of the\noptical system. Here, we investigate the ENZ thickness dependence of the\nresolution enhancement. By employing the edge response function, the resolution\nof the optical system is directly measured when imaging a sharp edge of a metal\nfilm. We found that the optimum ENZ slab thickness was 700 nm and the achieved\nresolution was 11 {\\mu}m at the wavelength of 8 {\\mu}m. Owing to the enhanced\nresolution by ENZ slab, we successfully imaged the subwavelength slit arrays.\n
Human Rights and Development Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past two decades, there has been \n a growing engagement between development and human rights \n practitioners and thinkers. But are participants in this \n dialogue still mainly talking past each other? Or has there \n been valuable cross-fertilization and learning-the \n Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) themselves being a fruit \n of this convergence? This note addresses three points. The \n first point is the growing convergence between human rights \n and development thinking along several dimensions, \n particularly on social and economic rights. The second point \n is a consideration of the continuing areas of difference or \n divergence and of outstanding or open questions. Are these \n areas of conflict or are they valuable complementarities? \n The third point asks where are we with MDGs on the ground, \n and what can the dialogue between human rights and \n development contribute to furthering progress on MDGs?
Data from Cancer Cell Dissemination and Homing to the Bone Marrow in a Zebrafish Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Advancement of many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies is frequently characterized by dissemination and homing of cancer cells to the bone marrow (BM). Methods to quantitatively characterize these key steps of the metastatic cascade in mammalian models are currently limited and do not offer opportunities to perform rapid, large-scale genomic, or drug screening. Because of their optical clarity, we used zebrafish to develop an <i>in vivo</i> model of cancer cell dissemination and homing to the BM. We performed intracardiac injection of multiple myeloma (MM) cells derived from human BM or cell lines and monitored their migration to the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the region where hematopoiesis occurs in the zebrafish embryo, which recapitulates a BM-like niche. Transcriptomic analyses confirmed that MM cells homing to the CHT displayed gene-expression differences compared with MM cells outside of the CHT, including significant enrichment for genes known to regulate interleukin-6 (IL6) signaling, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. Collectively, our findings point to the zebrafish as a valuable model in which to study cancer cell homing to the hematopoietic niche and to establish a screening platform for the identification of factors and mechanisms contributing to the early steps of bone metastasis. <i>Cancer Res; 76(2); 463–71. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Fiction is Sweet. The Impact of Media Consumption on the Development of Children’s Nutritional Knowledge and the Moderating Role of Parental Food-Related Mediation. A Longitudinal Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Nutritional knowledge is an important cognitive facilitator that potentially helps children to follow a healthy diet. Two main information agents influence children’s development of nutritional knowledge: the media and their parents. While a high amount of media consumption potentially decreases children’s nutritional knowledge, parents may shape the amount of information children can gather about nutrition through their food-related mediation styles. In addition, children’s individual preconditions predict how children can process the provided nutritional information. This two-wave panel study with children (N = 719; 5–11 years) and their parents (N = 719) investigated the main effects and interplay of children’s amount of media consumption and their parents’ food-related mediation styles by performing linear regression analysis. Children’s individual preconditions were also considered. We measured children’s self-reported amount of media consumption, children’s age, sex, weight, and height (BMI). Additionally, in a parent survey we asked parents about how they communicate their rules about eating while especially focusing on active and restrictive food rule communication styles. As a dependent measure, we examined children’s nutritional knowledge at Time 1 and 2. The results show that the amount of media consumption has a negative effect on children’s nutritional knowledge over time. Parents’ restrictive or active food-related mediation asserted no main effects and could not lever out the negative effect of the amount of media consumption. Therefore, we argue that parents should limit children’s amount of media consumption to avoid the manifestation of misperceptions about nutrition.
THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP, PERSONALITY, AND REWARD TO THE PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PEKANBARU CITY.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

24Feb 2018 THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP, PERSONALITY, AND REWARD TO THE PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PEKANBARU CITY. Muhammad Haris , Mukhneri Mukhtar and Nurhattati.
The Power of American Governors: Winning on Budgets and Losing on Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With limited authority over state lawmaking, but ultimate responsibility for the performance of government, how effective are governors in moving their programs through the legislature? This book advances a new theory about what makes chief executives most successful and explores this theory through original data. Thad Kousser and Justin H. Phillips argue that negotiations over the budget, on the one hand, and policy bills on the other are driven by fundamentally different dynamics. They capture these dynamics in models informed by interviews with gubernatorial advisors, cabinet members, press secretaries and governors themselves. Through a series of novel empirical analyses and rich case studies, the authors demonstrate that governors can be powerful actors in the lawmaking process, but that what they're bargaining over – the budget or policy – shapes both how they play the game and how often they can win it
Digital marketing development trends

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The trends of development of digital marketing were investigated using statistical data on Internet users in U.S., obtained from a study performed by Pew Research Center at the beginning of 2019, and in Ukraine, obtained from a study performed by the research holding Factum Group Ukraine on the initiative of International Association of Ukraine in ІІІ quarter 2018 and 2019. The data were collected by the following criteria: age, gender, education, region and finances. Data analysis for the two countries showed the same result. The technological awareness of the society increases every year, which leads to more efficient management, sales, transportation and financial services for the consumers/clients of the enterprise. Indicators also show that both children and adults, people living in the city and in the countryside, people who are financially independent and people with both middle and low income, people with higher education and professional primary education, they all use the Internet. For communication, making purchases, doing research etc. Society has gone digital and businesses need to adapt by changing their management practices. Marketers are creating ways to promote businesses by leveraging new technology. Marketing plays a key role in the digital revitalization of any enterprise. It is through digital marketing that consumers and businesses learn about certain events (legal, economic, social, religious, etc.), and not only are they being informed, they can also inform others. Mobile devices, the Internet, local area networks, digital television and other media can also be used to collect information and conduct marketing research.
Pain pathways from the tooth pulp of the rats and effects of morphine and barbiturate

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Pain pathways from the tooth pulp to the somatosensory cortex and the effects of morphine and barbiturate on the cortical responses evoked by the stimulation of the pulp were investigated electrophysiologically in rats. 1) Responses to the tooth pulp stimulation (contra- and ipsilateral) were recorded from the somatosensory face area I (SI) and II (SID. Latency of the response in SII was longer than that in SI. The latencies of the ipsilateral responses in SII were 2.5-3.0 msec longer than those of the contralateral responses and the ipsilateral responses were eliminated by acute ablation of the opposite cortex including SI and SII. 2) Although the contralateral responses in SI were significantly depressed by morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg i. p.), the depression did not depend on the dose of morphine. The ipsilateral responses were significantly emphanced by morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg). 3) The contra- and ipsilateral responses in SII were significantly depressed by morphine and these depression depended on the dose of morphine. 4) The contra- and ipsilateral responses in SI and SII were essentially unchanged by pentobarbital sodium (4, 8 and 16 mg/kg), but the ipsilateral responses were enhanced. 5) All responses except the ipsilateral surface positive response in SI were significantly depressed by a high dose of pentobarbital sodium (32 mg/kg). The results obtained suggest that this somatosensory face area II and the pathway to this area from the tooth pulp may play an important role in the mechanism of pain.
Edward Syndrome with Aplasia Cutis Congenita: A Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare developmental malformation characterized by the absence of skin, extending to bone or dura in a localized or widespread area at birth. Mostly it’s seen in the scalp with an autosomal dominant inheritance and slight female predisposition. Generally, it is found as a solitary lesion without other anomalies, but sometimes it is reported associated with other syndromes. The association is much appreciated in case of malformations like Patau syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome, JohansonBlizzard Syndrome etc. It is not commonly seen with Edward Syndrome. Normally Edward syndrome is a rare entity and its association with ACC makes it very rare. As the survival rate of Edward syndrome is very low, these types of associations are unavailable in the literature. We present this very rare association and which was never reported before in my country.
Multi-modal Multi-layer Fusion Network with Average Binary Center Loss for Face Anti-spoofing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Face anti-spoofing detection is critical to guarantee the security of biometric face recognition systems. Despite extensive advances in facial anti-spoofing based on single-model image, little work has been devoted to multi-modal anti-spoofing, which is however widely encountered in real-world scenarios. Following the recent progress, this paper mainly focuses on multi-modal face anti-spoofing and aims to solve the following two challenges: (1) how to effectively fuse multi-modal information; and (2) how to effectively learn distinguishable features despite single cross-entropy loss. We propose a novel Multi-modal Multi-layer Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (mmfCNN), which targets at finding a discriminative model for recognizing the subtle differences between live and spoof faces. The mmfCNN can fully use different information provided by diverse modalities, which is based on a weight-adaptation aggregation approach. Specifically, we utilize a multi-layer fusion model to further aggregate the features from different layers, which fuses the low-, mid- and high-level information from different modalities in a unified framework. Moreover, a novel Average Binary Center (ABC) loss is proposed to maximize the dissimilarity between the features of live and spoof faces, which helps to stabilize the training to generate a robust and discriminative model. Extensive experiments conducted on the CISIA-SURF and 3DMAD datasets verify the significance and generalization capability of the proposed method for the face anti-spoofing task. Code is available at: https://github.com/SkyKuang/Face-anti-spoofing.
One‐Pot Conversion of Amino Acids into 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles: No Metals Needed

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 2,5‐Disubstituted oxazoles with a variety of alkyl and aryl groups are efficiently formed from N ‐acylamino acids, by a one‐pot radical decarboxylation–oxidation–enolization and iodine‐promoted cyclization process. Remarkably, the reaction takes place under mild conditions, and no metal catalysis is needed. The process can be useful for the direct modification of small peptides. magnified image
Distribution of an Endemic Endangered Cyprinid Anaecypris hispanica in Extremadura Region (Southwestern Spain)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Iberian minnowcarp Anaecypris hispanica is one of the most endangered Iberian cyprinids, endemic to Guadiana and Bembezar river basins. Autochthonous fish populations are decreasing mainly due to habitat degradation, water quality decrease, and allochthonous species proliferation, especially in Guadiana's main rivers, so a monitoring program was started in temporary rivers in 2010. This temporary river monitoring program became more important in the following years, as several Anaecypris locations, some supposed to be extinguished, were found. Monitoring was carried out from 2010 to 2021 combining electrofishing and hand nets. Hand nets were extremely efficient in summer, when the species concentrates in summer ponds during the drought period. Anaecypris was found in twenty-three rivers, twenty one in Guadiana river basin and two in Bembézar river basin. Three of these rivers—Alcazaba, Lobo, and Pedruégano—are new locations for science. Although Anaecypris has a large distribution area, with localizations scattered all over Extremadura, populations are highly fragmented and, in some cases, reduced to one summer pond or summer refugee. The best populations are in Guadámez, Guadalemar, and Sotillo river basins, with higher fish densities and good habitat conditions. Other rivers have also high A. hispanica densities but are in danger because of pollution, habitat degradation, drought, water abstraction in summer ponds, and the continuous spread of allochthonous fishes. During the study period, two river populations have probably disappeared, Arroyoculebras due to pollution and habitat degradation and Alcorneo due to severe summer drought. This information has been used as a basis for the Anaecypris hispanica conservation plan in Extremadura. Conservation measures such as establishing appropriate conservation areas, under Natura 2000 network, summer ponds strict protection, habitat restoration, and allochthonous fish control, not only in the rivers with A. hipanica but in its whole drainage area, as well as captive breeding of the most sensible populations, are conservation measures that should be taken in the short term to reduce population extinction risks.
Non‐neutralizing antibodies protect from chronic LCMV infection independently of activating FcγR or complement

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Chronic viral infections lead to CD8 + T cell exhaustion, characterized by impaired cytokine secretion. The presence of the immune‐regulatory cytokine IL‐10 promotes chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Clone 13 infection in mice, whereas the absence of IL‐10/IL‐10R signaling early during infection results in viral clearance and higher percentages and numbers of antiviral, cytokine‐producing T cells. However, it is currently unclear which cell populations and effector molecules are crucial to protect against chronic infection. In this study, we demonstrate that antiviral, LCMV‐binding, non‐neutralizing antibodies are needed, in addition to CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, to clear a high‐dose LCMV infection in mice, in the absence of IL‐10. The interaction between CD4 + T cells and B cells in B‐cell follicles via CD40/CD40L, in addition to class switch and/or somatic hypermutation, is crucial for viral control in the absence of IL‐10. Interestingly, transfer of LCMV‐binding non‐neutralizing antibodies protected recipients from chronic infection. In addition, viral clearance in the absence of IL‐10R signaling was independent of activating Fcγ receptors and complement. These data highlight that non‐neutralizing antibodies effectively contribute to the control of LCMV infection when present prior to infection, suggesting that the induction of neutralizing antibodies is not implicitly necessary for the generation of successful vaccines.
Factors and Indicators of the Cities’ Development in the Tobolsk Gubernia at the turn of the 19th‒20th centuries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

He article searches the factors of Tobolsk province’s cities development at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries based on a comparison of the data on economic development and socio-occupational structure of the population. The factors of urban development were external and internal migrations, the development of production and trade. The cities of Tyumen and Kurgan were the flagships of urbanization, which presupposed industrial development and qualitative changes in the social and occupational composition of the population.
Prokineticin receptors (version 2020.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [23]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [65]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [41], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [44]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [48], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice.
Toward a Typology of Technology Users: How Older People Experience Technology's Potential for Active Aging

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper outlines an emerging typology of older users of information and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate active aging. Through inductive data analysis from focus groups, iterative workshops, and personal interviews, we suggest three types of technology users. These types are &ldquo;the Excluded,&rdquo; &ldquo;the Entertained,&rdquo; and &ldquo;the Networker.&rdquo; Clearly, ICT offers several benefits to those who are enthusiastic and frequent users, exemplified as the Entertained and the Networker. Hence, our findings support the notion of technology as a tool to maintain or increase an older person's engagement and activity level. Conversely, for those reluctant, uninterested, or incapable of using ICT, such potentials are limited and imply fewer opportunities for participation in activities.
Single Photon Counting X-Ray Imaging System Using a Micro Hole and Strip Plate

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Xe-based single photon counting x-ray imaging system, based on a Micro-Hole & Strip Plate (MHSP), using a resistive charge division method was implemented. The MHSP is a hybrid microstructure that combines in a single element the features of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and the Micro-strip Gas Chamber (MSGC), presenting two charge multiplication stages. For 2D-imaging, the GEM-like side (top side) is structured with strips orthogonal to the MSGC-like strips at the bottom side. Two thin orthogonal resistive lines of about 100 $\Omega$, between the strips (top side) and between the anode strips (bottom side) allows us to obtain the actual position in both $x$ and $y$ directions. The four signals collected from the edges of the resistive lines are then digitized and processed with a computer. Charge gains of $10^{4}$ are obtained with the MHSP. Position resolutions of $\sigma_{x}=130\ \mu{\rm m}$ and $\sigma_{y}=250\ \mu{\rm m}$ were achieved for 8-keV x-rays, making it suitable for many applications in single photon x-ray imaging. First x-ray images produced by the system are presented together with a discussion of the image quality and future prospects.
Weak Supervision Helps Emergence of Word-Object Alignment and Improves Vision-Language Tasks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The large adoption of the self-attention (i.e. transformer model) and\nBERT-like training principles has recently resulted in a number of high\nperforming models on a large panoply of vision-and-language problems (such as\nVisual Question Answering (VQA), image retrieval, etc.). In this paper we claim\nthat these State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) approaches perform reasonably well in\nstructuring information inside a single modality but, despite their impressive\nperformances , they tend to struggle to identify fine-grained inter-modality\nrelationships. Indeed, such relations are frequently assumed to be implicitly\nlearned during training from application-specific losses, mostly cross-entropy\nfor classification. While most recent works provide inductive bias for\ninter-modality relationships via cross attention modules, in this work, we\ndemonstrate (1) that the latter assumption does not hold, i.e. modality\nalignment does not necessarily emerge automatically, and (2) that adding weak\nsupervision for alignment between visual objects and words improves the quality\nof the learned models on tasks requiring reasoning. In particular , we\nintegrate an object-word alignment loss into SOTA vision-language reasoning\nmodels and evaluate it on two tasks VQA and Language-driven Comparison of\nImages. We show that the proposed fine-grained inter-modality supervision\nsignificantly improves performance on both tasks. In particular, this new\nlearning signal allows obtaining SOTA-level performances on GQA dataset (VQA\ntask) with pre-trained models without finetuning on the task, and a new SOTA on\nNLVR2 dataset (Language-driven Comparison of Images). Finally, we also\nillustrate the impact of the contribution on the models reasoning by\nvisualizing attention distributions.\n