jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Positivism, Legal Validity, and the Separation of Law and Morals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The essay discusses the import of the separability thesis both for legal positivism and for contemporary legal practice. First, the place of the separability thesis in legal positivism will be explored, distinguishing between “standard positivism” and “post‐Hartian positivism.” Then I will consider various kinds of relations between law and morality that are worthy of jurisprudential interest, and explore, from a positivist point of view, what kind of relations between law and morality must be rejected, what kind of such relations should be taken into account, and what kind of such relations are indeed of no import at all. The upshot of this analysis consists in highlighting the distinction between two different dimensions of legal validity (formal validity and material validity respectively), and in pointing out that the positivist separability thesis can apply to formal validity only. On the other hand, when the ascertainment of material validity is at stake, some form of moral reasoning may well be involved (here and now, it is necessarily involved). The essay concludes with some brief remarks on the persisting importance of the positivist jurisprudential project.
The Intense Geomagnetic Storm on March 24, 2023, Associated with Halo CMEs and Solar Flares

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) that accompany solar flares are associated with the occurrence of severe geomagnetic storms. The goal of this research is to examine an intense geomagnetic storm on March 24^	, 2023 with a symmetric disturbances index (SYM/H) of -200 nT and evaluate the CMEs, solar flares, and solar wind conditions associated with the storm. Furthermore, the strong storm associated with CMEs and solar flares has been examined using a low-latitude ground geomagnetic field (H-component) at TRE station. Data suggests that the two halo types of CMEs that occurred on March 20^	, 2023, may have triggered severe geomagnetic activity. The occurrence of an intense geomagnetic storm on March 24^	, 2023, is expected to be independent of the speed parameter of CME events (V_<2000kms^<-1>). This research provides more insight into the potential for space weather hazards that could disrupt space and ground in frastructure systems.
Confronting Power and Environmental Injustice: Legacy Pollution and the Timber Industry in Southern Mississippi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research has documented how grass-roots activists deploy the environmental justice frame to convey their grievances and demand their right to health and safety. While scholars have highlighted the widespread success of this frame, little attention has been paid to instances where the environmental justice frame fails to resonate. Drawing from social movements and environmental justice literatures, we examine how local discursive and cultural contexts can pose barriers to environmental justice claims. Our case is based on legacy pollution from a decommissioned creosote facility in Southern Mississippi. When black residents discovered the pollution in their neighborhood, they made repeated appeals to authorities for remediation and compensation. After being denied inclusion in a lawsuit filed by white residents, they formed an environmental justice organization to mobilize support for their campaign. Findings reveal the importance of both historical contextualization and the social situation of frame deployers in analyses of the environmental justice frame.
Tumour growth under different environmental conditions (different levels of glucose, lactate and oxygen) are shown for p53wt and p53- cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><b>(A)</b>. p53wt cells with 6% oxygen level. <b>(B)</b>. p53wt cells with 3% oxygen level. <b>(C)</b>. p53- cells with 6% oxygen level. <b>(D)</b>. p53- cells with 3% oxygen level. The results show that both glucose and lactate metabolism can fuel tumour growth when tumour is well-oxygenated.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>
A combination fingerprint classifier

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fingerprint classification is an important indexing method for any large scale fingerprint recognition system or database as a method for reducing the number of fingerprints that need to be searched when looking for a matching print. Fingerprints are generally classified into broad categories based on global characteristics. This paper describes novel methods of classification using hidden Markov models and decision trees to recognize the ridge structure of the print, without needing to detect singular points. The methods are compared and combined with a standard fingerprint classification algorithm and results for the combination are presented using a standard database of fingerprint images. The paper also describes a method for achieving any level of accuracy required of the system by sacrificing the efficiency of the classifier. The accuracy of the combination classifier is shown to be higher than that of the two state-of-the-art systems tested under the same conditions.
Structured platform for multiple virtual machines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As processors that are used in embedded systems become increasingly more powerful, a variety of functions, including multimedia, games and the proper system-operating function, are added to the systems. Despite the fact that embedded systems are becoming increasingly more powerful, system resources remain limited, and system functionalities are being developed in the form of applications running on the middleware such as virtual machines, or in the form of embedded systems' applications. An example of this is virtual machines (VM's) that are in the form of applications in embedded systems. This paper aims to design and implement a structured platform for MVM's (multi-VM's) that enables the middleware and system applications, such as the VM's to manage the system resources and easily share the common functions amongst them.
Production measurements of heavy quarks in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ALICE detector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Heavy-flavour production measurements in pp collisions are important tools to test theoretical models based on perturbative quantum chromodymanics (pQCD) and to investigate the heavy-quark hadronization mechanisms. In ALICE, heavy quarks are measured via the hadronic and electronic decay channels at central rapidity (-0.9 $<$ $\textit{y}$ $<$ 0.9) and via the muon decay channels at forward rapidity (-4 $<$ $\textit{y}$ $<$ -2.5). In this contribution, the production cross-section measurements via the leptonic decay of heavy-flavour hadrons are presented and compared to pQCD theoretical calculations. The latest measurements of $\rm D^{0}$, $\rm D^{+}$, $\rm D^{*+}$, $D^{+}_{s}$ mesons whose hadronic decays into charged are fully reconstructed together with the measurements of $Λ^{+}_{c}$ , $Ξ^{0,+}_{c}$, $Σ^{0,++}_{c}$ and $Ω^{0}_{c}$ baryons, performed with the ALICE detector at midrapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, are also presented. Measurements of charm-baryon production are crucial to study the charm-quark hadronization mechanisms in a partonic rich environment like the one produced in pp collisions at LHC energies.
Lidocaine alleviates cisplatin resistance and inhibits migration of MGC-803/DDP cells through decreasing miR-10b

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although chemotherapy is one of the effective means of treating gastric cancer, the resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs has followed. And the mechanisms of resistance are not completely clear. The main aim of this article was to develop a kind of drug that could reduce the resistance of cisplatin on gastric cancer cells. The MGC-803 and MGC-803/DDP cells were treated by cisplatin for 48 h and Lidocaine (Lido) for 24 h. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, apoptosis assay, western blot, migration and invasion assay. After MGC-803/DDP cells were transfected for 48 h, the expression of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Activation of AKT/mTOR and β-catenin pathways was tested by western blot. Cisplatin caused MGC-803 and MGC-803/DDP cell apoptosis, and MGC-803/DDP cells possessed higher cisplatin resistance than MGC-803 cells. Lido reduced the cisplatin resistance of MGC-803/DDP cells. Besides, Lido inhibited MGC-803/DDP cell migration and invasion. In addition, Lido declined cisplatin resistance by down-regulating miR-10b. Lido also repressed AKT/mTOR and β-catenin pathway by down-regulating miR-10b. This article explained the role of Lido in cisplatin resistance in MGC-803/DDP cells. Furthermore, Lido weakened the cisplatin resistance in MGC-803/DDP cells at least in part through decreasing the expression of miR-10b.
Effects of recombinant alpha interferon on chronic active hepatitis B: preliminary results.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents the preliminary results of a study designed to evaluate the effects of alpha interferon in chronic hepatitis B. After six months' treatment with interferon alfa-2b (5 million units (MU), three times weekly) 15 of 25 (60%) patients achieved seroconversion of hepatitis B e antigen, 17 (68%) normalised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and 15 (60%) showed a decrease in the inflammatory reaction on liver histology. No seroconversions occurred in the control group (n = 10), and none of the control patients achieved a normal ALT or showed a reduction in the inflammatory reaction. Adverse effects were experienced by most patients who received interferon but none warranted stopping the treatment.
Adherence to cancer screening programs across the US.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

163 Background: Cancer screening programs are critical for early detection and improved oncologic outcomes, yet significant disparities in screening adherence persist across regions, racial/ethnic groups, and socioeconomic statuses in the U.S. We sought to use national data to evaluate public awareness, adherence rates, and barriers to cancer screening programs in the U.S. Methods: We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) from 2015-2023 to assess cancer screening adherence, awareness, and barriers. We included adults eligible for breast, colorectal, cervical, and lung cancer screening to determine screening adherence and associations among patient-reported barriers (financial, informational, access, psychological, time, cultural/language, prior negative experiences). Results: Among 100,000 patients (mean age 52.3 years, 51% female), the racial/ethnic composition was 65% White, 15% Hispanic, 13% Black, 5% Asian, and 2% Other. Screening adherence rates were 73% for cervical, 72% for breast, 65% for colorectal, and 60% for lung cancer. Screening adherence rates varied by race/ethnicity, with White individuals at 72.5%, Hispanic 64.5%, Other 63.5%, Asian 62.5%, and Black individuals 59.5% (p < 0.001). Regionally, breast cancer screening was highest in the Northeast (72%) and lowest in the rural South (58%) (p < 0.001), while cervical cancer screening was higher in metropolitan (77%) than non-metropolitan areas (65%), and colorectal and lung cancer screening rates were greater in urban (69% and 63%) than rural areas (57% and 52%). The most common patient-reported barriers to cancer screening were financial (30%), lack of awareness (22%), and transportation/access issues (20%). Additional barriers included fear/anxiety (15%), time constraints (15%), cultural/language barriers (10%), and prior negative experiences (7%). Conclusions: In this study, we identified racial, regional, and socioeconomic disparities in U.S. cancer screening adherence. We also demonstrated that financial, informational, and access barriers remain prevalent. Findings underscore the importance of addressing barriers to screening through targeted interventions.
Examining Bone Surfaces Across Puberty: A 20-Month pQCT Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This follow-up study assessed sex differences in cortical bone growth at the tibial midshaft across puberty. In both sexes, periosteal apposition dominated over endosteal resorption. Boys had a greater magnitude of change at both surfaces, and thus, a greater increase in bone size across puberty. Relative increase in cortical bone area was similar between sexes. Introduction: Generally, sex differences in bone size become most evident as puberty progresses. This was thought to be caused, in part, by greater periosteal apposition in boys, whereas endosteal apposition prevailed in girls. However, this premise is based on evidence from cross-sectional studies and planar measurement techniques. Thus, our aim was to prospectively evaluate sex-specific changes in cortical bone area across puberty. Materials and Methods: We used pQCT to assess the tibial midshaft (50% site) at baseline and final (20 months) in girls (N = 68) and boys (N = 60) across early-, peri-, and postpuberty. We report total bone cross-sectional area (ToA, mm2), cortical area (CoA, mm2), marrow cavity area (CavA, mm2), and CoA/ToA ratio. Results: Children were a mean age of 11.9 ± 0.6 (SD) years at baseline. At the tibia, CoA ranged from 230 ± 44, 261 ± 50, and 258 ± 46 in early-, peri-, and postpubertal girls. In boys, comparable values were 223 ± 36 (early), 264 ± 38 (peri), and 281 ± 77 (postpubertal). There was no sex difference for ToA or CoA at baseline. Increase in ToA and CoA was, on average, 10% greater for boys than girls across maturity groups. The area of the marrow cavity increased in all groups, but with considerable variability. The increase in CavA was significantly less for girls than boys in the early- and postpubertal groups. Change in CoA/ToA was similar between sexes across puberty. Conclusion: Both sexes showed a similar pattern of change in CoA at the tibial midshaft, where periosteal apposition dominated over endosteal resorption. Boys showed a greater magnitude of change at both surfaces, and thus, showed a greater increase in bone size across puberty. The relative increase in cortical area was similar between sexes. These pQCT findings provide no evidence for endosteal apposition in postmenarchal girls.
Helping effort in primitively eusocial wasps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In primitively eusocial and cooperatively breeding societies, there is substantial individual variation in helping effort that is not accounted for by variation in genetic relatedness. In primitively eusocial wasps, helpers have a significant chance of inheriting breeding positions. Recent models suggest that because helpers with greater expected future fitness have more to lose, they should invest less in rearing the dominant's offspring. Observations and experiments on the paper wasp Polistes dominulus and the hover wasp Liostenogaster flavolineata support this prediction: helpers nearer to the front of the queue to inherit dominance, and helpers that stand to inherit larger, more productive groups, work less hard. These findings support the view that variation in social traits is best understood from a life-history perspective. Group augmentation effects, where greater helping effort leads to direct benefits through increased group size, seem less important in wasps. Further studies are required to understand how conflicts over helping effort are resolved in social wasps.
Intraoral scanning and dental photogrammetry for full‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis: A technique

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To introduce a novel digital workflow to replace a terminal or a complete edentulous arch with a complete‐arch implant‐supported fixed prosthesis. Clinical Considerations A novel fully digital protocol provides an interim and definitive prosthesis by integrating extraoral dental photogrammetry with intraoral scanners. Conclusions The described technique has great potential to deliver a complete‐arch implant‐supported fixed interim and definitive prosthesis in edentulous patients in an efficient way. Clinical Significance In the era of digital dentistry, using a fully digital workflow in full arch implant rehabilitations might be beneficial to replace multistep conventional methods. Key points Why is this case new information? To the author’s knowledge, this article illustrates the first step‐by‐step technique that combines intraoral scanning with dental photogrammetry to provide a full‐arch implant‐supported interim and definitive prosthesis. What are the keys to successful management of this case? Well‐defined presurgical planning and adequate primary stability of the dental implants. Accurate digital impressions of the scan bodies. A dental laboratory that is familiar with digital workflow for complete‐arch rehabilitations. What are the primary limitations to success in this case? The learning curve of the scanning procedure. The cost barriers to acquire intraoral and photogrammetry scanners. Limited clinical studies that investigated the accuracy of intraoral scanning and dental photogrammetry for complete‐arch digital implant impression.
Children of Library Land – the Past, Present and Future of Finnish Library Services for Children and Young People

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Finnish library services for children and young adults are an integral part of Finnish society, education and societal life. The article highlights the historical development and present day of Finnish library system as well as describes the best practices on the activities libraries provide for young clientele and their caretakers.After World War II, Finland started a rapid rise towards being a modern nation. Reading as a pastime hobby gained popularity, there were more education possibilities, the level of education was on the rise and young people spent more years in school instead of starting to work early. All this had a positive effect on library services. The changes in education and society had their effect on children’s library services as well, and today children’s and youth libraries are an essential part of Finnish society.Unlike in many other countries, Finland does not have school libraries in every school. At the moment, there are some excellent school libraries and dedicated school librarians but majority of schools are served with public libraries. The line between school library and public library is blurred, as majority of visits may be of pupils but the connection between high quality education and well-functioning library service has enabled libraries and schools to develop common goals, objectives and strategies.
PENGARUH FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI DAN PERSONALITY TERHADAP KEAHLIAN DALAM END USER COMPUTING (Studi Kasus Guru dan Karyawan Administrasi pada Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kotamadya Yogyakarta)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the influence of demographic factors ( age , gender , education , experience ) and personality factors ( computer anxiety , computer attitude , math anxiety ) to the end user computing expertise of personnel either partially or simultaneously . Models the influence of the demographic variables and personality skills in end user computing research model replicated from Harrison and Rainer (1992 ) and the research model and Gudono Rifa (1998). The study was conducted on teacher and administrative employees of State High School I to XI in Yogyakarta Municipality considering charging adminsitrasinya teacher certification performed with computerized online program for you State , appropriate curriculum in 2013 all teachers in the learning process to educate students using computerized , so too the acceptance of new students each academic year always use the on-line computerized . Thus both teachers and administrative staff are required to have expertise in End user Computing . So the research conducted to analyze the influence of demographic factors and personality to expertise in End User Computing. The results showed that demographic factors (age - gender - experience) has a direct influence on the expertise in end user computing 0 , 001 ; 0 , 027 ; 0,007 . Personality factors of computer anxiety (fear - Anticipation 0.057) ; computer attitude (Intimidation 0.05) has a direct influence on the expertise in end user computing . The results were quite surprising is the demographic factors (educational 0.117) , personality factors of computer attitude (0.760 pessimism - optimism 0.150) ; math anxiety (0.334) is not significant enough to expertise in end user computing . To improve performance in the Public High Schools in Yogyakarta municipality with regard to the introduction of new technology on- line computerized system above , need to be considered in decisions about withdrawal of the human resources , training and implementation of computer education for personnel and equipment. Provision of adequate facilities is expected to increase its expertise in end user computing , which in turn improves the performance of State High School and individual performance
Sequential Monocular Road Detection by Fusing Appearance and Geometric Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a monocular road detection algorithm for outdoor scenes in the driving process of mobile robots, which is an essential problem for autonomous navigation. Both appearance and geometric information are fused for more robust and accurate detection. This paper makes use of the image sequence captured during the driving process. The road segmentation is formulated into a maximum a posteriori estimation problem. The probability distribution is constructed by the image likelihood potential, the spatial smoothness potential, and the temporal smoothness potential. The image likelihood potential is decomposed into the probabilities according to road appearance model, geometric information, and edge preference. The spatial smoothness penalizes uneven segmentation in the image space. The temporal smoothness penalizes inconsistent segmentation during the image sequence. After the road segmentation in image space, a postprocessing procedure is performed in the Bird's Eye View for smoother and more accurate road detection. The postprocessing is formulated into a parameterized optimization problem considering structure, appearance, and geometry preferences. Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Control system of neoclassical tearing modes in real time on HL-2A tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The stability and performance of tokamak plasmas are routinely limited by various magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities, such as neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs). This paper presents a rather simple method to control the NTMs in real time (RT) on a tokamak, including the control principle of a feedback approach for RT suppression and stabilization for the NTMs. The control system combines Mirnov, electron cyclotron emission, and soft X-ray diagnostics used for determining the NTM positions. A methodology for fast detection of 2/1 or 3/2 NTM positions with 129 × 129 grid reconstruction is elucidated. The forty poloidal angles for steering the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH)/electron cyclotron current drive launcher are used to establish the alignment of antenna mirrors with the center of the NTM and to ensure launcher emission intersecting with the rational surface of a magnetic island. Pilot experiments demonstrate the RT control capability to trace the conventional tearing modes (CTMs) in the HL-2A tokamak. The 2/1 CTMs have been suppressed or stabilized by the ECRH power deposition on site or with the steerable launcher.