jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Polytobacco use and multiple-product smoking among a random community sample of African-American adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Little is known about polytobacco use among African-American adults. This study is the first to explore this among a random, statewide, community sample of African-American adults. Setting Community-based sampling obtained a random, household-probability sample of African-American adults from California, surveyed door to door in randomly selected census tracts statewide. Participants Participants were a statewide, random-household sample of N=2118 African-American adults from California who completed a survey on past 30-day smoking of cigarettes, blunts, bidis, kreteks, cigarillos, marijuana and cigars. Results Almost half (49.3%) of the African-American cigarette-smokers and 14.9% of the cigarette non-smokers had smoked at least one non-cigarette product in the past 30 days. Smokers had a substantial prevalence of smoking cigarillos (28.7%) and blunts (27.7%). Logistic regressions revealed that the odds of smoking most of the non-cigarette products were higher for cigarette smokers and men, inversely related to age, and unrelated to socioeconomic status. However, smoking of blunts, bidis and kreteks was not predicted by cigarette smoking. Conclusions Smoking of cigarillos (eg, Phillies , Black & Mild ) and blunts may be prevalent among African-American cigarette-smokers and non-smokers alike, but such products are not examined in most population-level smoking research. Smoking of these products should be included in surveillance studies, in cancer prevention programmes and in healthcare provider-assessment of smoking, and addressed in smoking cessation programmes as well.
Insight on antitumoral properties of plant diterpenes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plant diterpenes constitute a large group of natural products that play diverse functional roles in plants as hormones, photosynthetic pigments, attractants for pollinators, herbivore repellents and phytotoxins. Diterpenes are biosynthesized especially in plastids and an increasing number of diterpenoids are being found with skeletons that may arise by rearrangements of well known bi- and tri-cyclic systems [1]. Different plant extracts containing diterpenes as main secondary metabolites showed several biological actions such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and larvicidal activities [2]. Although diterpenes are present in a wide number of plant families, some genera are characterized by the presence of peculiar skeletons. In the last few years our research group was involved in the building-up of diterpenes and diterpenes-like library to screen against biological targets, selecting plants belonging to different genera through a chemotaxonomic approach; among them some species of Euphorbia and Podocarpus were investigated. Diterpenes occurring in Euphorbia species have provided many lead compounds for drug development due to their broad structural diversity including polycyclic and macrocyclic skeletons and various aliphatic and aromatic ester groups. These species are well known to contain skin-irritant diterpenes, such as ingenane, tigliane, and daphnane derivatives, together with non-irritant polyoxygenated macrocyclic constituents, lathyrane, jatrophane and their polycyclic derivatives [3 – 4]. Aiming at the characterization of lathyrane diterpene target in a cellular system [5], a chemical proteomics approach, DARTS, was employed for a new lathyrane diterpene, (2R,9S,10R,11R,13S)-18-hydroxy-9αH,11αH-lathyra-4(15),5(6)-dien-1,14-dione-18-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), named as laurifolioside, showing that clathrin heavy chain is the main partner. Compound 1 ability to modulate clathrin heavy chain activity has been assessed through Western-Blot, microscopy and molecular docking analyses, suggesting a new activity of lathyrane diterpenes in the modulation of trafficking pathways.
Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

When compared with previous studies employing mecA polymerase chain reaction for MRSA detection, the prevalence of 19.2% reported in Ekiti State, Nigeria in this study is an indication of gradual rise in the prevalence of MRSA in Nigeria. A cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion test is recommended above methicillin and oxacillin for the phenotypic detection of MRSA in clinical laboratories.
Infant RSV immunoprophylaxis changes nasal epithelial DNAmethylation at 6 years of age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been associated with childhood wheeze and asthma, and potential mechanisms include persistent epigenetic effects. In the randomized, placebo-controlled MAKI trial (ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN73641710), preterm infants randomly received RSV immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab or placebo during their first RSV season. DNA methylation in cells obtained by nasal brushes at age 6 was measured by Illumina MethylationEPIC array. This dataset contains summary statistics for the methylome-wide association study using DNAm data collected from 274 Children at age 6. The corresponding paper can be found here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34473906/. Upload of this dataset was completed by The EWAS Catalog team. The data can be queried along with hundreds of other EWAS at ewascatalog.org. To upload your EWAS summary statistics and have a Zenodo DOI generated for you go to ewascatalog.org/upload.
Raman and 125Te NMR spectroscopic evidence on the solvent extraction of tellurium(IV) species from HCl solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Raman spectra of solutions of TeCI 4 in HCI up to 12 mol I −1 show a changing pattern of bands consistent with a mixture of complexes, including [TeCI 6 ] 2− and [TeCI 4 (OH)] − . High‐field 125 Te NMR spectra at 126.24 MHz of these aqueous solutions consist of a single bind, showing that the Te IV species are in rapid equilibrium, which moves upfield within the range + 1550 to + 1400 ppm as the HCI concentration is increased. Solvent extraction with diethyl ether selects a single species from Te IV HCI solutions. This is identified as the complex acid HTeCI 4 (OH) by a Raman spectrum marked by ν s (TeCI) = 289 cm −1 and ν(TeO) = 667 cm −1 , and a characteristic 125 Te resonance, δ = 1448 ppm, w 1/2 = 80 Hz.
New Approaches to Health Care for Displaced Populations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees-as somebody who, "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country." 1 Recent estimates suggest that there are approximately 50 million displaced persons worldwide, including internally displaced persons (who have not crossed international borders) and refugees. 2 Health care professionals engage with these populations in numerous ways, ranging from personal, clinical encounters with refugee patients to participation in international medical interventions.Good intentions and sound medical knowledge, however, are not sufficient to provide the health care required by this community of patients.With their history of displacement, persecution, fragmentation of cultural and familial structures, and violation of human rights, displaced persons have a more complicated biopsychosocial profile than most patients in the United States. 3 By becoming more aware of the various issues that affect members of displaced communities, health care providers may become better at confronting their acute and long-term health problems.Furthermore, the health care issues that apply to these populations may also apply to others who do not exactly fit the United Nations definition.Illegal residents or immigrants, those who have been internally displaced, and asylees who do not yet have official refugee status, for example, may benefit from the approaches and perspectives described for refugees.This issue of MS JAMA examines the special problems faced by refugees and displaced persons.Richard Mollica provides a model for how to incorporate the patient's trauma story into the primary care medical interview, so that this essential part of this story is not missed.Health care professionals must take into account the complicated perspectives of culture, human rights, and the ethical problems of international intervention.Stevan Weine proposes a more active engagement with the ramifications of culture in health care interventions, particularly as it pertains to the patient's family and local physicians.Alejandro Moreno and colleagues review the epidemiology of human rights violations in displaced populations and suggest how these might be addressed through the education of physicians and an awareness of human rights violations in the clinical encounter.Gina Jae interviews Philip Gourevitch, the author of We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families, a powerful and critical analysis of the genocide and refugee crises in Rwanda in 1994.Ferid Agani examines the mental health system of Kosova after the war and NATO interventions of 1999, focusing on the importance of recognizing local institutions in the rebuilding that goes on after such crises.
Seismic Interaction between Multistory Pilotis RC Frames and Shorter Structures with Different Story Levels—Floor-to-Column Pounding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural pounding between adjoining multistory buildings with different total heights and different story levels has been repeatedly identified as a frequent cause of severe damage during seismic excitations. This phenomenon is very intense when upper floor slabs of short buildings hit the columns of taller and more flexible structures within their deformable length. On the other hand, it is well accepted that infill masonry panels strongly affect the seismic response and overall behavior of multistory reinforced concrete (RC) frames and especially in the common case of an open first story (pilotis). Thereupon, the interaction between a multistory frame with an open first floor and shorter and stiffer adjacent buildings was studied and the influence of the open first story on pounding investigated with inelastic dynamic step-by-step analyses. The results of the pounding cases of an 8-story RC frame with a single story and 4-story buildings were examined. Three cases of short structures were considered as follows: a frame structure, a stiff structure and a very stiff non-self-vibrating one. All studied interaction cases included type A (floor-to-floor) pounding cases and type B (floor-to-column) pounding cases. This study focused on the influence of an open first story (pilotis) on the pounding phenomenon. Therefore, all examined two-building poundings were studied considering two cases: the first case involving a fully infilled 8-story frame and second case involving an infilled 8-story structure with an open first story (pilotis). Moreover, as expected due to the asymmetry of the examined two-structured pounding pairs, the directions (plus and minus) of the seismic excitation proved to be important for the evaluation of the developing capacity demands. In the present study for the first time, it is stressed that pounding cases between structures with different geometries (asymmetric) have to be examined in both directions (plus and minus) of each seismic excitation. From the results, it can be deduced that the developing shear forces on the columns that suffer a hit in the case of type B pounding exceed the shear strength of the column even if detailing for critical regions according to Eurocode 8 is applied. Further, it is inferred that pilotis configuration increases the developing pounding forces and consequently increases the capacity demands mainly in terms of the ductility of the column that suffers the hit.
Measurements of the Dynamics of Structural Fires.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic behavior of structural fires in the context of civil defense implications following nuclear attack is experimentally evaluated. The second year's effort has studied the interactive effects of pairs of structures that were burned simultaneously and the effects of wind on individual burning structures. The buildings burned were similar to the one-story wooden buildings used in the first year's program, so comparisons could be made. Also during the year, an opportunity to measure radiant fluxes from burning buildings of masonry exterior was afforded by an urban-renewal project. (Author)
Technological parameters of cutoff curtains, created with the help of inkjet technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article is devoted to the creation of impervious curtains around excavations shallow burial. The patterns of the depth of penetration of high-pressure jets of fixing solutions on the technological parameters is based on the analyze. How to create elements of impervious curtains, allowing determining the volume of fixative solution for dispersed species, which depend on the filtration and mechanical properties of the veil. On the basis of experimental studies of the influence of established quality and quantity of fixing solution and the injection pressure on the filtration coefficient and the strength of the rock-cement elements is determined. The regularities of changes in the filtration coefficient to changes in the density of reinforcement solutions, which allows predicted the physical and mechanical properties of the new screens are settled.
Fluorogenic structure activity library pinpoints molecular variations in the substrate specificity of structurally homologous esterases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ubiquitous cellular esterases catalyze many essential biological functions by performing hydrolysis reactions on diverse substrates. These diverse substrates and functions however complicate a priori prediction of their substrate preferences and biological functions. Analogous to substrate activity screening for serine protease activity, we designed a 36‐member structure activity relationship (SAR) library of fluorogenic esterase substrates with low background hydrolysis, high sensitivity, and modular, straightforward synthesis. In three parallel substrate series containing alkyl, ether, and thioether substituents, the SAR library systemically interrogates esterase preference for chain length, branching patterns, polarity, and hydrogen bonding to differentiate common classes of esterase substrates. Applying this library against two structurally homologous bacterial esterases, previously broad overlapping substrate specificity was refined to preferences for γ‐position thioethers and ethers for ybfF from Vibrio cholerae and branched substrates with and without thioethers for Rv0045c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Structural control over this substrate differentiation was then assigned to individual substrate selectivity residues of Tyr116 in ybfF and His187 in Rv0045c whose reciprocal substitution inverted each esterase's substrate preference. This SAR esterase library could have multi‐faceted future applications including in vivo imaging , biocatalyst screening, molecular fingerprinting, and inhibitor design. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1 R15 GM110641‐01A1). This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Speech Therapy: an Alternative Approach for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment in Early Childhood

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a new issue in neuropsychiatric syndrome experienced on Childhood Student. These symptoms interfere in the development of cognitive, social, and early-childhood communication. The background to this idea is in communicating a child with ADHD tends to difficulty in talking, like cutting and interfering with other people's conversation, difficulty stringing words, talking too loudly, speaking inefficiently, and often misstep's cause commotion with other on kindergarten/playgroup student. Difficulty communicating children ADHD this can be handled through the treatment by speech therapy. Speech therapy is used for the provision of treatments that deal with language, speech and sound disorders that serve as the foundation for making diagnosis and treatment. The manuscript objective is to describe ADHD and how to treatment it with speech therapy is oriented to train and sharpen phonological awareness of early childhood in recognizing alphabet and words, especially in its use to communicate.
P1‐144: HIGH CSF A‐SYNUCLEIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL PROGRESSION IN PD PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most previous studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed in order to identify markers for disease progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between baseline CSF levels of α-synuclein (α-syn) and progression of motor symptoms and cognitive decline in a prospective and longitudinal cohort of clinically well-characterized PD patients. Thirty-nine PD patients (19 women and 19 men, mean±SD age=67±9 years) were recruited from hospitals in the southern region of Sweden. Lumbar punctures and clinical evaluations (including assessment of motor symptoms and cognitive performance) were carried out at baseline and at follow-up after two years. Levels of α-syn were determined in CSF samples. We controlled for age and disease duration in the statistical calculations. H igher levels of α-syn in CSF at baseline was significantly associated with more pronounced progression of motor symptoms over a two year period, as indicated by correlations between CSF α-syn and change in Hoehn & Yahr (p<0.05),Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (p<0.01)and Timed Up and Go score (p<0.01). Furthermore, high levels of CSF α-syn at baseline were associated with a decline in cognitive speed (A Quick Test for Cognitive Speed) two years after baseline (p<0.05). In this prospective and longitudinal study on a clinically well-characterized PD population, we showed that higher levels of α-syn at baseline are associated with more severe progression of motor and cognitive symptoms over a two-year period. We hypothesize that a greater synaptic degeneration, as one would expect to be present in the PD brain with more rapid disease progression, could lead to a higher release of α-syn.
Effect Of Donor Blood Storage Period on Hemoglobin Levels and Erythrocyte Cell Morphology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood is a body fluid whose stability can be influenced by both internal and external factors such as storage period. Storing blood specimens for a long time can cause changes in the physiological condition of blood cells such as color, size, shape and cell formation. This study aims to determine the effect of the storage period for donor blood specimens at UTD RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang on hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte morphology. The research design is an experiment using a modified Time Series design with a pre and posttest control group design. The samples in this study were CPDA-1 (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine) donor blood specimens at the Blood Transfusion Unit of RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Observation of erythrocyte cell morphology using blood smear preparations (SHD). Primary data was taken from the results of measurements of hemoglobin levels and observations of erythrocyte cell morphology with blood specimens examined directly (day 0) and storage days 1, 2, and 3. Analysis of research data used the One-way Anova statistical test. The results of the One-Way Anova test showed that there was a significant difference in hemoglobin levels on the 3rd day of donor blood storage (p-value 0.000). The results of the evaluation of erythrocyte cell morphology showed that there were abnormalities in crenation morphology on the 3rd day of storage. Blood specimens should be processed immediately after they leave the body because the condition of the blood cells is still stable and optimal for use in laboratory tests.
Early Bronze Age Houses in Upper Mesopotamia: Evidence of Dwellings or Private Enterprises?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper dealt with the research I carried out on domestic architecture and private economy during Early Bronze Age in Upper-Mesopotamia. Archaeological records, as well as textual evidence, has been used to try to define private households activities and their relationships with official institutions. Households were the main source of production, distribution and consumption during the Early Bronze Age. As it seems that these private economic entities produced goods and crafts in their own houses, analyzing domestic architecture could be a way to approach Mesopotamian economic activities. In Northern Mesopotamia the economic system was already strongly articulated; beyond palatial organizations it was also largely based on private group activities, often structured by kinship.
A study of the sulphides and oxides of the nickel-copper deposits of Lynn Lake, Manitoba

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The original discovery of the nickel-copper deposits of Lynn Lake, Manitoba, was made in 1941 by Sherritt-Gordon Mines Ltd. The discovery, made public in 1945, aroused intense interest and activity in the area and resulted in a new mining centre in the Precambrian. This report consists of a brief introductory account of the Lynn Lake area in connection with a more detailed study of the mineralogy of the ore deposits and the heavy accessory minerals of the associated intrusive... The original discovery of nickel and copper sulphides in the Lynn Lake area was made in 1941 by Austin McVeigh prospecting for Sherritt-Gordon Mines Ltd. The discovery was not made public until 1945. When released, this information aroused extensive interest and activity in the area... Sherritt-Gordon holds all property on which sulphide deposits of any commercial importance have been located. An extensive geophysical and diamond drilling program carried out by this company located a total of five ore bodies concentrated in a relatively small area near the original discovery (map in pocket). To date more than 13 million tons of nickel-copper ore have been proved... Theoretical studies of the Lynn Lake ore deposits are very limited in comparison with the extensive literature available on better known ore deposits of this type such as Sudbury. This is partially due to the fact that the exploration and development of the Lynn Lake ore deposits occurred within the last five years....