jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prospective surveillance of nosocomial device-associated bacteremia in three adult intensive units in Malaysia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nosocomial blood stream infection (or nosocomial bacteremia) is a common problem in hospitals worldwide, including Malaysia. A three-year prospective cohort study (October 2003-March 2007) of the incidences, risk factors, and patterns of the microorganisms causing bacteremia was conducted using a validated surveillance form in three intensive care units (ICUs) in Malaysia. Center for Disease Control criteria were used to diagnose bacteremia. Patients were monitored from admission until the end point of study, which was the first detection of bacteremia in the blood in each patient. The frequency of occurrence of bacteremia with clinical symptoms was 10.7% (n=23). Bacteremia was observed to occur within a mean length of stay of 10 days in ICU. The rate of device-related infection was 10.4% per device utilization days with a device utilization rate of 95.9%/1000 patient days. The total number of patient days was 2309 and the period of device utilization was 2211 days. The common bacteria detected were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=6); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=6); Acinetobacter species (n=5); Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)(n=3); and (non- ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=2). Multivariable analysis using Cox Proportional Hazard Model showed that the predictors for developing bacteremia were cancer, MRSA carriage, duration of central venous catheter (CVC) infusion, frequency change of CVC, and the administration of hydrocortisone drugs. These results indicate that a combination of nursing and medical interventions as well as patients' severity of illness could lead to bacteremia in ICU. Strategic implementation of quality assurance measures in ICUs could help to control this problem.
[Effects of 89SrCl2 treatment on CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and its Foxp3 mRNA expression in cancer patients with bone metastases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Foxp3 gene play a pivotal role in the regulation of CD4+ CD25+ T cells. The treatment of 89SrCl2 could decrease the amount of CD4+ CD25+ T cells and down-regulate Foxp3 mRNA expression of these cells in bone metastases cancer patients.
Association between the point-rating system used for oral health and the prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli in hematological inpatients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Gram-negative bacteremia is a major cause of death among hematology inpatients who require heavy-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) is more likely to be detected when the oral health is poor. However, there is a dearth of studies on the relationship between oral assessment and prevalence of GNB in hematology inpatients. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the original point-rating system for oral health examinations (point-oral exam) and the prevalence of GNB in hematology inpatients at the hematology ward of the Yamanashi University Hospital. GNB was detected by cultivating samples from the sputum and blood of each patient. A total of 129 subjects underwent a medical checkup and point-oral exam. The sputum and blood culture results of 55 patients were included in this study. The total points of patients positive for GNB (n = 25, 45.5%) were significantly higher than those who were negative for GNB (total score: median, 25th, 75th, percentile; 6 [4, 7] vs 2 [1, 4]; P = .00016). Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis, a cutoff score of 5 proved to be most useful to detect GNB. An oral evaluation with a cutoff value of 5 or higher in the point-oral exam might indicate the need for a more thorough oral management to prevent the development of systemic infections from GNB.
Time evolution of Z-pinch dynamics and radiative characteristics of wire arrays on zebra at UNR

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. We continue to study the physics of wire arrays and to search for more efficient X-ray radiators from wire array Z-pinch plasmas. Two important questions are addressed in this talk. First, what are the main contributions in the total radiation yield? To consider this question, we divided the time interval of the Z-pinch dynamics where wire ablation, implosion, stagnation, and plasma expansion occur in three time zones and studied the radiative and implosion characteristics within each. The second question is how does the distribution of the radiated energy within these three time zones depend on the configuration of the load and wire materials. The experiments were performed on the 1 MA Zebra generator at UNR with a full set of diagnostics that included 10 beam lines. In particular, PCD, XRD, and EUV detectors, X-ray/EUV spectrometers and X-ray pinhole cameras, and laser shadowgraphy were utilized. We collected and analyzed the experimental results from single and nested cylindrical as well as single and double planar wire arrays. A broad range of wire materials were explored from low-Z (Al) to moderate mid-Z (Fe, Ni, and Cu) and higher mid-Z (Mo and Ag). The strong dependence of the distribution of radiation energy between the three zones on the load configuration was observed. Z-pinch dynamics and both X-ray and EUV radiative properties in all three time zones were considered. A precursor plasma in the first zone from cylindrical wire arrays as well as the plasma in the second zone at stagnation from cylindrical and planar wire arrays are discussed. A special emphasis was put on the time evolution of EUV radiation in all three zones and in particular on its substantial value in the third zone after stagnation. Future directions of this work are discussed.
Priming enrichment in children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Sentences can be enriched by considering what the speaker does not say but could have done. Children, however, struggle to derive one type of such enrichments, scalar implicatures. A popular explanation for this is that they do not know the appropriate alternatives to use to generate the implicature. Namely, children are unaware of the scalar relationship between some and all. We conducted a priming study with N = 72 children, aged 5;1 years, and an adult sample, N = 50, to test this hypothesis. Participants were exposed to prime trials of strong, alternative or weak sentences involving quantifier sentences or ad hoc expressions, and then saw an ambiguous target trial that they could choose to enrich. Consistent with previous studies, children were reluctant to derive implicatures. However, there were two novel findings. (1) Children responded with twice the rate of ad hoc implicature responses than adults, suggesting that the implicature was the developmentally prior interpretation for ad hoc expressions. (2) Children showed robust priming effects, suggesting that children are aware of the scalar relationship between some and all, even if they choose not to derive the implicature.
Accessing cultural expressions of 'Being' and trauma through phenomenological investigation with male African entrants to Tasmania, Australia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes a qualitative research study which was envisaged as a partner to humanistic counselling practice. The study evolved from attempts to assist with the traumatic histories of humanitarian African entrants to Tasmania, Australia. Phenomenological methods were selected to allow for engagement with descriptions of "being" which were outside the scope of prevailing western psychological models. Data collection entailed semi-structured interviews with 16 male African entrants to Tasmania, ethnographic observation at gatherings, and two consensus groups. Major themes revealed in preliminary analysis were: an inalienable responsibility for family; assumptions of collective problem solving as an intrinsic part of community living; and an implied interdependent sense of self. This was contextualised within an immediate sense of community which was explicitly inclusive of all other human community members whether living, ancestral, or yet to be born; the physical environment, animals and plants; and spirit influences. Specific recommendations are made for working with the client groups which were part of the study, and it is concluded that a more complex and inclusive idea of human identity is required for cross cultural counselling practice.
Model-based design of secondary drying using in-line near-infrared spectroscopy data

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article deals with the design and optimization of the secondary drying stage, via design space calculation, of a freeze-drying process. A simple and well known mathematical model was used to this purpose: the kinetic parameters of the water desorption step were determined, either off-line or in-line, using the measurement of the residual amount of water (Cs) in one of the processed samples through Near-Infrared spectroscopy. In the first approach, three tests, at different values of heating shelf temperature, are employed: the measurement of Cs versus time allows estimating the desorption rate and, finally, the kinetic constant at the given temperature. Arrhenius plot is used to get the parameters expressing the dependence of the kinetic constant on product temperature, thus allowing the calculation of the design space. In the second approach, the kinetic parameters are estimated in-line, focusing on the first part of the secondary drying stage, where the variation of product temperature is more relevant, hence allowing to track the evolution of the desorption rate (via Cs measurement) versus product temperature. A fitting procedure is then used, looking for the kinetic parameters that provide the best fit between calculated and measured values of Cs. By this way only one test is required to get the design space. Drying of sucrose and of sucrose – arginine mixtures were used as case studies, to point out the effectiveness of the proposed method. Examples of the design spaces that can be obtained are presented and discussed, focusing on the effect of operating parameters like the heating rate and the residual water content at the beginning of the secondary drying, as well as on the constraint about the maximum allowed temperature. Abbreviations: KF: Karl-Fischer; MVA: multivariate analysis; NIR: near-infrared; NIRS: near-infrared spectroscopy; PAT: process analytical technology; PLS: partial least square; PRT: pressure rise test; RM: residual moisture; RMSE: root mean squared error
Components of metabolic syndrome in patients with multiple myeloma and smoldering multiple myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM). Methods: Changes in various components of metabolic syndrome were investigated during the follow-up of patients with either MM or SMM compared to healthy controls. The data of 153 patients (105 with MM and 48 with SMM) and 138 controls were accessed from our medical center’s records between 2008-2015. We analyzed the patients’ data at diagnosis (baseline) and after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up. Results: Patients with SMM had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia at baseline compared to controls. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a higher risk to develop dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up among the SMM patients. The MM patients had a higher risk to develop diabetes after 1 year, hypertension after 5 years, and dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that patients with SMM and those with MM are more prone to develop various components of metabolic syndrome, and they stress the importance of following-up metabolic syndrome components in both groups of patients.
Viewpoint of multi-omics potential in tuberculosis research: identifying biomarkers for biomanufacturing of efficient control tools

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a global health burden, claiming millions of lives annually. Despite the availability of a vaccine (the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; BCG), diagnostics (smear microscopy and DNA-based diagnostics) and drugs for treatment, challenges like drug resistance, lower diagnostic sensitivity such as microscopy, instrumentation and high-level operational expertise requirement and poor vaccine efficacy pose a greater hinderance to TB monitoring and control. The inability of the BCG vaccine to protect against TB other than disseminated disease in neonates call for innovative approaches to provide improved interventions. This review highlights the potential of multi-omics as a powerful emerging tool offering a holistic insight into the intricate interplay between pathogens and the host immune response. It discusses the potential of multi-omics for discovering biomarkers as targets for rational drug design, production of more effective vaccines and as stable targets for production of universally applicable rapid diagnostics for early and accurate TB detection as well as monitoring treatment.
Police–disabled citizen interactions: testing the role of disability awareness training and experience on officer confidence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The frequent contacts between police and people with disabilities has only recently led to research on developing law enforcement knowledge and skills in improving those interactions. While past studies have focused primarily on knowledge retention by disability-awareness training participants, we examine how training as well as personal and on-duty experiences contribute to police officer self-confidence in approaching a disabled person when dispatched to distinct scenarios. The findings not only support the positive role of disability-awareness training on officer confidence, but also suggest that on-duty experiences with disabled persons also has a critical role in forming those attitudes. The study's finding of a joint role for training and experience suggests police education should integrate experiential approaches to pre-service training to prepare officers through in-person or simulated interactions with different disabled communities.Points of InterestPast research has demonstrated that many in disabled communities do not trust the police and are critical of their past experiences with the police officers.Police are increasingly receiving training specifically on disability awareness and improved communication with disabled persons.Police that completed disability sensitivity training are more likely to be confident in their interactions with disabled people.The more on-duty experience with the disabled community, the more likely police officers will demonstrate confidence in their interactions with disabled people.The study recommends police management look to integrate in-person or simulated disabled participants into pre-service training programs.
A COMPLEX PROCESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS- FROM PREDICTION TO IN VIVO EVALUATION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mechanism of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds, including highly toxic nerve agents, is based on the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase that is followed by an accumulation of acetylcholine at peripheral and central cholinergic synapses, which in turn leads to the clinical manifestation of various signs and symptoms summarized as acute cholinergic crisis. Nerve agent poisoning is commonly treated using a combination of a cholinolytic drug to counteract the accumulation of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors and acetylcholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime or obidoxime) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. There is a strong interest in developing new, more potent acetylcholinesterase reactivators. The development of acetylcholinesterase reactivators consists of several steps: description of nerve agent intoxication mechanism on molecular basis (molecular design), prediction of biologically active structure of acetylcholinesterase reactivators (artificial neural networks), their synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of their potency to counteract acute toxicity of nerve agents.
Genetic overlap of QTL associated with low-temperature tolerance at germination and seedling stage using BILs in soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zhang, W.-B., Jiang, H.-W., Qiu, P.-C., Liu, C.-Y., Chen, F.-L., Xin, D.-W., Li, C.-D., Hu, G.-H. and Chen, Q.-S. 2012. Genetic overlap of QTL associated with low-temperature tolerance at germination and seedling stage using BILs in soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1381-1388. Low temperature is one of the critical environmental factors that limit agricultural production worldwide. In northeast China soybean frequently suffers low temperature stress, especially at germination stage and seedling stage. The most effective way to solve this problem is to breed cultivars with low-temperature tolerance. A set of advanced backcross introgression lines was constructed with Hongfeng 11 as recurrent parent, which was a local variety in Heilongjiang province, and Harosoy as donor parent, which was introduced from Canada. Their BC2F4 lines were screened in low-temperature condition at the two stages, and 41 transgressive lines were selected out at germination stage and 45 lines at seedling stage. Sixty-four and fifty-one pairs of simple sequence repeat primers with fine polymorphism were used for genotyping the selected population and random population at the two stages, respectively. Related quantitative trait loci (QTL) were obtained by chi-test and ANOVA analysis with genotypic and phenotypic data. Finally, 25 QTL at germination stage and 13 QTL at seedling stage were mapped. Among them, 10 QTL overlapped between two stages, which showed a partial genetic crossover on low-temperature tolerance stages in soybean. This would play an important role in marker-assisted selection for breeding elite variety with low-temperature tolerance at both stages.
Nuclear DNA C-value of alien invasive and native plants and its relationship with invasiveness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The nuclear DNA C-values of 13 alien invasive, 6 native and 1 alien non-invasive plant species from 10 genera of 8 families were measured with flow cytometer. The mean nuclear DNA C-value of the 13 alien invasive species was significantly lower than those of the native and alien non-invasive species, but no consistent regularity was found for the different species of same genus. In the four genera including both alien invasive and native species, all the alien invasive species in Eupatorium and Bidens and one of the two alien invasive species in Alternanthera had significantly lower nuclear DNA C-values than their native congeners, while the alien invasive species in Peperomia had significantly higher nuclear DNA C-values than the native species. There was no certain correlation between nuclear DNA C-value and alien plant invasiveness.
Gross Morphology and Morphometric Studies of Digestive Tract of Barn Owl (Tyto alba)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four (4) adult barn owls were captured from Gamji Village of Bakura local government and transported in a cage to the College of Agriculture and Animal Science Bakura, Zamfara State, Nigeria, for morphology and morphometry of the digestive tracts. All the segments of the digestive tract (Esophagus, Liver, Crop, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Colon, Caecum, Colorectum, and Cloaca) were present, however the crop was found to be absent. This studies will provide valuable information for anatomist and other scientist working in the management and nutrition of this species, which will further help in the maintenance of this important bird in captivity or free life. Further investigation in the histology of these segments is recommended.
OC09.02: What is the significance of an intertwin size discrepancy in the first trimester of IVF pregnancies?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the significance of intertwin size discrepancy in the first trimester. We hypothesized that twin pregnancies which demonstrate larger size discrepancies would be associated with a number of outcomes: ‘vanishing twin’, increased risk of prematurity and preterm delivery. Prospective study of women with live first trimester DCDA twin pregnancies following IVF All women underwent TVUS when the CRL of both twins was measured. The intertwin size discrepancy was determined by subtracting the smaller twin from the larger twin and dividing by the larger twin. Pregnancy outcomes: final order of pregnancy, gestational age and weight at delivery were noted. The t-test and univariate analysis were used. 242 DCDA twin pregnancies were included. First trimester measurements were made between 6+0 and 12+6 wks. 184 pregnancies continued as twins (76%), 39 reduced to a singleton pregnancy (16%), 19 pregnancies miscarried (7.9%). The mean GA of delivery was 34+1 (±5.23d), with 100 pregnancies (41.3%) delivering at term (37–41 wks); 123 (51.4%) delivering preterm (24–37 wks) and 19 (7.9%) miscarriages (<24wks). There were 6 neonatal deaths. There was a sig difference in intertwin size discrepancy between pregnancies that reduced to singleton, mean: 33% (±5) and those that continued as twins: 13% (±1.5) and those that miscarried: 13% (±1.4). p<0.0001. There was no sig difference in the intertwin discrepancy between pregnancies that delivered at term mean 15% (±1.7) and those that delivered pre term 18% (±2.2) p = 0.23. There was no sig difference in the intertwin discrepancy between pregnancies that delivered with a birth weight below the 5th centile for gestational age mean 15.6% (±1.4) and those that delivered with a birth weight above the 5th centile mean 16.7% (±2.0) p = 0.73. DCDA twin pregnancies which reduce to a singleton pregnancy show an increased intertwin discrepancy compared with ongoing twin pregnancies. The intertwin discrepancy does not appear to impact on the gestational age or birthweight at delivery.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF EXTRUDED FOODS WITH ALCOPROTECTIVE ACTION ON THE BASIS OF FISH RAW

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article analyzes the dynamics of consumer preferences of extruded snack foods on the basis of fish raw materials and substantiates the expediency of creating food compositions from grains of cereals and potato flakes enriched with fish powders, with regulated chemical composition and biological value. From the point of view of chemical and biochemical processes, the properties of glycine and amber acid are described as substances that neutralize the toxic effect of acetaldehyde in the human body during the use of low-alcohol beverages. The prospect of production of extruded products with components that prevent the destruction of liver and brain cells in the case of low-alcohol beverages is substantiated. The organoleptic evaluation of extruded products developed, the results of which proved the prospect of using fish powders for the production of extruded products. In the given work the technology of innovative food product - with functional alkoprotektornymi properties was presented. It is assumed that this product will expand the range of snack snacks to low-alcohol beverages and will be a reliable protection against the harmful effects of alcohol and its metabolism products in the human body.