jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Superfluid density and critical velocity near the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a two-dimensional strongly interacting Fermi gas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We theoretically investigate superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas confined to two dimensions at finite temperature. Using a Gaussian pair fluctuation theory in the superfluid phase, we calculate the superfluid density and determine the critical temperature and chemical potential at the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. We propose that the transition can be unambiguously demonstrated in cold-atom experiments by stirring the superfluid Fermi gas using a red-detuned laser beam, to identify the characteristic jump in the local Landau critical velocity at the superfluid-normal interface, as the laser beam moves across the cloud.
Weblogs enhancing EFL students’ English language learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the potential value of Weblog use on English language learning in the context of a university in Thailand. It examined students' perceptions of and attitudes towards using Weblogs. A content analysis was used to analyse the data that derived from short questionnaires, interview questionnaires and student Blogs. The findings indicated that the students perceived Weblog as a tool for the development of their English, in terms of writing, reading, vocabulary, and recording their learning experience. The students also viewed Weblog as giving an opportunity and freedom for self-expression in English, writing for both a local and global audience, fostering creative, analytical and critical thinking skills, creating social interaction and good relationships between writer and reader, and supporting the learning community. Overall then, in spite of some minor limitations, they had positive attitudes towards Weblog use. These findings suggest that Weblogs can provide learning motivation and opportunities for authorship and readership, as well as the development of writing and learning strategies, including critical thinking.
Rickettsia sibirica Isolation from a Patient and Detection in Ticks

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

mongolotimonae) from the blood of a patient and detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the rickettsia in a Rhipicephalus pusillus tick collected from a dead mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in the Alentejo region, Portugal. We describe also the first PCR detection of a new Rickettsia strain that is related to R. sibirica. Rickettsia sibirica (strain mongolotimonae), initially named strain HA-91, was originally isolated from a Hyalomma asiaticum tick collected in the Alashian region of Inner Mongolia in 1991 (1). Since then, this emerging strain has been detected in other Hyalomma species, such as H. truncatum and H. excavatum, and in different areas of the world (2,3). In 1996, the first human case of infection caused by this rickettsia was described in France (4). This new strain was isolated from the blood and the skin of a patient admitted in March to the Hospital La Timone in Marseille. The patient had a mild illness with an eschar, rash, and fever. The unusual aspect of the case was its occurrence in March, when Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is rarely reported. Subsequently, other human cases were described in France, and diagnosis was confirmed by rickettsial isolation or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the agent in eschar and serum specimens. Cases outside of France have been reported in South Africa and Greece (3–5).
CEBAF at 12 and 25 GeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The US nuclear physics community has identified an upgrade of CEBAF to 12 GeV as one of its top priorities. The principal motivation is to enable meson spectroscopy with 9 GeV polarized, quasi-monochromatic photons. A plan for implementing the 12 GeV upgrade has been prepared. Subsystem designs are being tested. Additional opportunities to reduce total project costs have been identified and will be pursued. The plan now calls for the addition to CEBAF of 10 new high-performance cryomodules and a new recirculation arc, yielding 12 GeV after 5.5 passes through the accelerator. Formal construction start could be in 2006. The same cryomodule design would subsequently be the building block for an eventual upgrade to 25 GeV. 1
Utilization of AFLP marking technology in aquatic animal research

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The amplified fragment lenghth polymorphism(AFLP) is based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique, and amplify with restricted genetic fragment, which involved in restriction of DNA and ligation of the adaptor, and selective amplification and gel analysis. We briefly summarized the application of AFLP in aquatic animals, such as the genetic multiplicity, related determination, generating genetic maps and useful breeding. The application perspective of AFLP in development and protection of aquatic animal resources was discussed.
Overwatch: learning patterns in code edit sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) provide tool support to automate many source code editing tasks. Traditionally, IDEs use only the spatial context, i.e., the location where the developer is editing, to generate candidate edit recommendations. However, spatial context alone is often not sufficient to confidently predict the developer’s next edit, and thus IDEs generate many suggestions at a location. Therefore, IDEs generally do not actively offer suggestions and instead, the developer is usually required to click on a specific icon or menu and then select from a large list of potential suggestions. As a consequence, developers often miss the opportunity to use the tool support because they are not aware it exists or forget to use it. To better understand common patterns in developer behavior and produce better edit recommendations, we can additionally use the temporal context, i.e., the edits that a developer was recently performing. To enable edit recommendations based on temporal context, we present Overwatch, a novel technique for learning edit sequence patterns from traces of developers’ edits performed in an IDE. Our experiments show that Overwatch has 78% precision and that Overwatch not only completed edits when developers missed the opportunity to use the IDE tool support but also predicted new edits that have no tool support in the IDE.
Ultrasound-Assisted Surface-Modification of Wood Particulates for Improved Wood/Plastic Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The combined effects of alkali and ultrasound treatment of wood flour on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-based wood/plastic composites (WPCs) were examined. FT-IR measurements confirmed that the alkali treatment removed both hemicellulose and lignin from the wood, and there was an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups on the cellulose surface. This process was promoted by ultrasound treatment. Mechanical testing of injection-molded WPC samples revealed that alkali treatment improved both composite strength and modulus when polypropylene grafted with maleic acid was used as a coupling agent. The strength increase is due to improved adhesion between the fiber and matrix, while improved modulus is due to the removal of lignin and hemicellulose that are not as stiff as cellulose. Polarized optical microscopy showed the presence of well-defined polymer crystals on the surface of the modified wood, and this is also responsible for the improved mechanical properties. It is conclusively demonstrated that the combination of chemical treatment of wood and ultrasound assistance is more effective in improving the mechanical properties of the composites than the use of chemical treatment alone. Keywords: ALKALI TREATMENTCOUPLING AGENTSMECHANICAL PROPERTIESMOISTURE ABSORPTIONSURFACE MODIFICATIONULTRASOUNDWOOD/PLASTIC COMPOSITES
Additional file 1 of Clinical and phantom validation of a deep learning based denoising algorithm for F-18-FDG PET images from lower detection counting in comparison with the standard acquisition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1 Figure S10 – Examples of MIP attenuation corrected PET images reconstructed with PET100, PET50, PET33, PET50+SP and PET33+SP obtained on the DMI4 PET system. Male, 76 Years old, Lung cancer of the Right Upper Lung with node and bone metastasis. Initial staging. Characteristics: 68 kg, 182 cm, BMI 20,5, FDG PET 3MBq/kg, 1,5 min/bed position. Q1, Q2 and Q3 represent the quality level given by the nuclear physician: Level 1: insufficient quality, interpretation impossible; Level 2: insufficient quality but interpretation possible and Level 3 : image of good quality. Figure S11 – supporting data– Examples of MIP attenuation corrected PET images reconstructed with PET50 and PET50+SP obtained on the DMI4 PET system. Male; 90 kg; IBM 30,2; Prostate cancer. Initial staging. F-Choline PET. 2 MBq/kg; acquisition time 1.5 min/bed position.
Bacteriophage S13: A Seventh Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetic complementation tests of ochre-type suppressible mutants of bacteriophage S13 have revealed a seventh gene. A mutation of this gene has no significant effect on synthesis of the phage replicative form DNA, but like five other phage genes it prevents the appearance of single-stranded DNA. With the new gene, it seems likely that approximately 70 to 100 percent of the phage genes are accounted for.
Direct estimation of deformable motion parameters from range image sequence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A method is described for estimating range flow (space displacement vector field) on a nonrigid object as well as a rigid object from a sequence of range images. The method can directly estimate the deformable motion parameters by solving a system of linear equations which are obtained by substituting a linear transformation of a nonrigid object expressed by a Jacobian matrix into motion constraints based on an extension of the conventional scheme used in intensity image sequences, and the range flow is obtained from the motion parameters and linear transformation. The algorithm is supported by experiments of motion estimation of a sheet of paper, a piece of cloth, the movement of human skin, and the motion of a rubber balloon being inflated using real range image sequences acquired by a video rate range finder. Furthermore, it is shown that by adding the intensity image sequence to the range information, one can prevent the equation system from falling in an ill-posed condition.< >
Architecture of the Platform for the E-Government Open Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

E-Government is a set of pervasive technologies and automated processes now. The open data plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of this concept. The Open Data Platform (ODP) architecture is described here as the framework for the open data access systems implementation, including specific requirements. The proposed architecture and its components were discussed in this paper in detail for its availability, productivity, and reliability. The open data subsystem based on the architecture presented here was developed for the Jordan Government and was successfully implemented and tested. Thus, this architecture showed its viability. The focus of the paper is the detailed analysis of the proposed ODP architecture and its characteristics. The ODP is a significant system for the mature e-Government. We propose here the architecture for it with usage-proven characteristics. This fact adds the value to the e-Government framework stability, and significant characteristics and improves the overall quality of the system.
A Tabu Search Approach to Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Distribution network reconfiguration for loss minimization is a complex, large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. A new efficient and robust algorithm for the reconfiguration of distribution networks in order to reduce the power energy losses under normal operating conditions is presented in this article. The developed algorithm is based on a tabu search (TS) approach, which is a recent member in the family of modern heuristic methods. Tabu search is used for efficiently obtaining the near-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems, which makes it suitable to solve the problem of distribution network reconfiguration. The components of proposed TS-based method and effective schemes, which aim at speeding up the solution methodology, are also presented. To demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, three test systems with different sizes are studied. The numerical results reveal that the proposed method is promising.
The use of a handheld Raman system for virus detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a handheld Raman system would lead to a powerful portable device for defense and security applications. The Thermo Scientific FirstDefender RM instrument is a 785-nm handheld Raman spectrometer intended for rapid field identification of unknown solid and liquid samples. Its sensitivity and effectiveness for SERS-based detection was initially confirmed by evaluating detection of 1,2-di(4- pyridyl)ethylene as a reporter molecule on a silver nanorod (AgNR) substrate, and the results are comparable to those from a confocal Bruker Raman system. As avian influenza A viruses (AIV) are recognized as an important emerging threat to public health, this portable handheld Raman spectrometer is used, for the first time, to detect and identify avian influenza A viruses using a multi-well AgNR SERS chip. The SERS spectra obtained had rich peaks which demonstrated that the instrument can be effectively used for SERS-based influenza virus detection. According to the SERS spectra, these different influenza viruses were distinguished from the negative control via the principal component analysis and by partial least squares-discriminate analysis. Together, these results show that the combination effective SERS substrates when combined with a portable Raman spectrometer provides a powerful field device for chemical and biological sensing.
Study on population dynamics of Chilo suppressalis in duck-rice ecosystem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Occurring rules of Chilo suppressalis in duck-rice ecosystem were s tudied from April to October, 2003, results indicated that the damages of Chilo suppressalis were greatly reduced in duck rice system, incidence of Chilo suppre ssalis decreased by 13 4%～47 1%in duck-middle rice fields, 62 2%in duck-late rice field compared with CK, so less pesticide was used in duck-rice eco system, and better economic, social and ecological benefit were produced.
Metrics for Functional and Aesthetic Label Layouts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Co-referential relations between textual and visual elements in illustrations can be encoded efficiently through textual labels. The labels support students to learn unknown terms and focus their attention on important aspects of the illustration; while a functional and aesthetic label layout aims at guaranteeing the readability of text strokes as well as preventing the referential mismatches. By analyzing a corpus of complex label layouts in hand-drawn illustrations, a classification of label layout styles and several metrics for functional requirements and aesthetic attributes were extracted. As the choice of a specific layout style seems largely determined by individual preferences, a real-time layout algorithm for internal and external labels balances conflicting user-specific requirements, functional and aesthetic attributes. 1
Morphology of Human Stomach After Therapeutic Freezing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A REPORT on the structural changes in the canine stomach following gastric freezing has indicated that little human material is available for study.1During a period of 14 months 90 patients having peptic ulceration of the duodenum or pylorus without significant obstruction were treated with a single gastric freeze for control of symptoms. From this group we have studied tissue from 15 stomachs surgically resected 3 to 537 days after gastric freezing.

Method

Using the technique of Wangensteen and associates,2gastric freezing was applied for a 60-minute period in all instances using a gastric hypothermia apparatus with a perfusion rate of 500 cc per minute. Inflow temperatures of −15 to −19 C and outflow temperatures of −10 to −14 C were maintained. The volume of the standard, latex rubber balloon was the maximal consistent with patient comfort and is recorded in Table 1. Body temperature was monitored with
Evaluation of duty cycle parameters of an HCCI-supercharged engine at various loads and rotational speeds of the crankshaft

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

двигателя) в значительной степени определяются скоростным и нагру-зочным режимами. для исследования влияния параметров рабочего тела в цилиндре hCCi-двигателя разработана методика расчета его рабочего цикла, основой которой является уравнение для определения давления рабочего тела переменной массы в конце элементарного участка расчета индикаторной диаграммы. п о разработанной методике проведены расчетные исследования показателей рабочего цикла при различных нагрузках и частотах вращения коленчатого вала hCCi-двигателя, конвертированного из дизеля чн13/15 ООО «чтз-у ралтрак» и работающего на смесевом топливе на основе природного газа с добавлением диметилового эфира. установлено, что увеличение цикловой подачи смесевого топлива от 0,13 до 0,18 г при постоянстве частоты вращения коленчатого вала
Pulsatile Blood Flow through a Catheterized Artery with an Axially Nonsymmetrical Stenosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pulsatile flow of blood through a catheterized artery in presence of an axially nonsymmetrical mild stenosis with a velocity slip at stenotic wall has been investigated in this paper. Blood has been represented by a Newtonian fluid. By employing a perturbation analysis, analytic expressions for the velocity profile, flow rate, wall shear stress and effective viscosity, are derived. The influence of stenosis height, shape, slip velocity and radius of catheter on axial velocity, wall shear stress and effective viscosity are represented graphically and discussed. Graphical results show that wall shear stress and effective viscosity decrease while axial velocity increases with velocity slip at wall. Mathematics Subject Classification: 76Z05
Capridine-β, a new class of chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

e16062 Background: Available targeted chemotherapy for prostate cancers (CaP) is limited. We are developing a nitroacridine (NA) derivative, 9-hydroxy-ethylamino-4-methyl-1 nitroacridine, C-1748 (Capridine-β) for CaP. Precursors of C-1748 have been used earlier as anti-malarial compounds and one such precursor, C-857, tested on the NCI panel of multiple cancer cell lines was determined to be CaP specific. Methods: In vitro inhibitory concentration, IC50, of Capridine-β in prostate, breast, colon, sarcoma and leukemia cancer cell lines was determined by XTT. Xenograft studies in nude mice were performed with CaP cells, LnCaP, DU-145, PC-3, JCA to define the in vivoanti-tumor efficacy doses. DNA intercalation, microarray gene profiling and western blot analyses were used to define Capridine’s targets in CaP. Hematological, renal, hepatic and cardiac toxicities were examined in rodents and dogs. Results: Of all the cell lines tested, the IC50 values of Capridine-β were the lowest in human prostate cancer cells (5-10 nM) and the highest in leukemia cells (over 100 nM). The drug had high anti-apoptotic activity against docetaxel resistant CaP cells. The differential anticancer activity between CaP and leukemic cells was validated by the observation of low myelotoxicity in rodent and dogs. In contrast to prevalent chemotherapeutic drugs, hematological, renal, hepatic and cardiac toxicities were minimal. Xenograft studies in nude mice using LnCaP, DU145, PC3 and JCA cells indicated that Capridine-β has anti tumor efficacy on both hormone dependent and independent CaP. The rodent tumor inhibitory dose extrapolated to humans suggests a very wide therapeutic window. Hormone independentCaP cells treated with capridine showed upregulation of a functional androgen receptor making them sensitive to anti-hormonal therapy. The cellular targets identified were the tumor suppressor protein p16, cell cycle molecule CDK4 and phosphorylated H2AXγ. Conclusions: Our in vitro, in vivo and toxicity profile studies suggests that C-1748 is a novel NA derivative that can potentially be useful in adjuvant chemotherapy for CaP, find a clinical niche in taxane resistant CaP, and used in combination with prevalent anti-hormonal therapy.
Are Misperceptions of Methods in Infectious Disease Ecology Reflected in Biases of Where Studies are Published?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary In response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 (Covid‐19) pandemic, multiple calls were made for the better use of various tools developed in many disparate academic disciplines. Included in these calls were claims that techniques used widely across ecological sciences could be better capitalized on, despite a rich and longstanding history of including ecology and evolutionary biology in infectious disease research, epidemiology, and public health. Mismatches between the perception of the role of ecology and evolution in governmental infectious disease response and the reality of its inclusion led to those outside the field of infectious disease ecology publishing potentially misleading science, contributing to a wider problem of misinformation. We investigated the anecdotally discussed role of publishing patterns in driving this misperception. We matched abstracts from a leading ecological conference against associated papers published following that conference, and examined differences in publishing destinations for abstracts from infectious disease sessions to abstracts from elsewhere in the conference. We found that relative to other ecological disciplines, infectious disease ecology studies are 1.5 times less likely to be published in ecology journals than is typical across the wider ecology discipline, but are over three times more likely to be published in broader‐scope biological sciences journals. The role of this bias in publication destinations of disease ecology is likely worth consideration, in part as it relates to wider understanding of the appropriateness of involving ecological methods to sensitive topics like pandemic response policy. We suggest that this is not inherently a problem, but does warrant better awareness from ecologists working both within and without infectious disease biology.