jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of a Filtered CFD-DEM Drag Model with Multiscale Markers Using an Artificial Neural Network and Nonlinear Regression

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Here, the accuracy of coarse-grained Euler-Lagrangian simulations of fluidized beds heavily depends on the mesoscale drag models to account for the influences of the unresolved sub-grid structures. Traditional filtered drag models are regressed with mesoscale markers such as voidage and slip velocities. In this research, a filtered drag was regressed with both mesoscale and macro-scale markers using fine grid Computational Fluid Dynamics - Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) simulations. The traditional non-linear regression method was compared with machine learning regression using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) implemented in PyTorch and coupled with MFiX. The new drag showed higher accuracy than the Wen-Yu drag and another filtered drag derived from the two-fluid model. The nonlinear regression shows slightly better results than ANN regression in cases with similar R<sup>2</sup> values. The utilization of the gas inlet velocity as an additional macro-scale marker reduced the errors by up to 55.3% in the tested cases.
Pattern of c-fos mRNA induction in rat brain by acute morphine

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Initially, opioid signaling had been thought to be mainly inhibitory in nature. However, it has been shown that opioids can activate specific signaling pathways and induce immediate early gene (IEG) transcription in brain. IEGs can then regulate the transcription of other genes, leading to changes in neuronal function in response to extracellular stimuli. This study was designed to identify brain regions that demonstrate specific induction of the IEG c-fos, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor, in response to acute morphine, and to contrast this induction with the stressful effects of the injection itself. Rats received either 10 mg/kg morphine or an equivalent volume of saline injected subcutaneously. Animals were then sacrificed 15, 30, or 60 min after injection. Specific induction of c-fos mRNA by morphine was seen in dorsomedial caudate-putamen, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, central and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, dorsal central grey, superior colliculus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, inferior olivary complex, and caudal nucleus tractus solitarius. These findings represent the first complete anatomical mapping of c-fos induction in rat brain, and show that acute morphine administration alters gene expression in several areas related to known functional properties of opioids. However, regions showing c-fos induction are not all classically associated with opioid receptors and opioid-mediated effects. These findings are considered in the context of the effects of opioids on neural circuitry as well as direct, receptor-mediated effects of morphine on neural cells.Key words: anatomy, immediate early genes, opioids, neural circuitry, nociception, transcriptional regulation.
TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY OF THE UNSTRIPED NILE RAT,ARVICANTHIS NILOTICUS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous descriptions of the daily pattern of activity of the unstriped Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) conflict. Researchers have described this species as diurnal, nocturnal, or crepuscular. In our laboratory colony, some animals are diurnal and others are nocturnal in running wheels. We systematically examined activity patterns of free-living grass rats in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, where the animals in our lab originated. Sherman traps were set at dawn or dusk near animal burrow entrances, and the time of capture was recorded for each animal. Seventy-seven A. niloticus were captured 287 times at 20 different sites. Captures occurred almost exclusively during daylight. In contrast, other small mammals that were trapped on 49 occasions were caught exclusively at night. The temporal pattern of capture of A. niloticus did not vary as a function of age or sex. The diurnal pattern of activity we observed in A. niloticus is unusual among small rodents.
High-resolution X-ray computed tomography of an extant new Donuea (Araneae: Liocranidae) species in Madagascan copal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new extant Donuea (Liocranidae) species is described from Madagascar, from both alcohol preserved fresh material and also as a subfossil in copal from the Sambava area. X-ray micro computed tomography was used to visualise minute details of the male palp of the copal specimen in order to confirm conspecificity. This is the first time a new spider species discovered in Madagascan copal can immediately be demonstrated as belonging to an extant species.
A Low-Latency Control Path Design for Cloud Based Micro-Drones

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic real-time control through a remote network is becoming a reality, given the drive of the latest generation of wireless networks. As cloud computing takes on an even stronger role in the industry, the desire to offload time critical processes into the network becomes a possibility. With the combination of cloud edge processing centers, and the UUL standardization for sub-millisecond delay over 5G networks, applications requiring dynamic time critical closed loop control is now an option. With the support of cloud edge processors, advanced complex analysis and processing algorithms, such deep learning engines or video-based approaches, miniature drones can achieve higher levels of capability without the weight or cost requirements. In this paper, we present wireless closed loop control system. The proposed framework is composed of a controller, drone flight receiver and motor control. The delay time from the issuance of the control command to the start of the execution of the control command is only about 4 ms. The proposed solution has been implemented and verified on the research UAV data link system.
Phototrophy, diazotrophy and palaeoatmospheres: biological catalysis and the H,. C, N and O cycles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Photolithotrophy (use of light as energy source, CO 2 , as carbon source) and then diazotrophy (use of N 2 , as N source), became important as prebiotically-synthesized organic compounds were consumed. 13 C/ 12 C data suggest that ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase has dominated photolithotrophic CO 2 , fixation over the last 3.5 Ga. The long-term decline in atmospheric CO 2 , can be related to carbon isotope evidence for a CO, accumulating mechanism in aquatic plants over the last 100 Ma and of C 4 , metabolism in terrestrial plants over 10 Ma. Increasing biogenic O 2 , levels permitted, via an O 3 , UV screen, photolithotrophs to grow in high-light environments and, via O 2 , availability for respiration and biosyntheses, to produce large and (on land) homoiohydric plants. This greatly increased the productivity and diversity of photolithotrophy. Diazotrophy is less strongly coupled to homoiohydry and to photochemistry than is CO 2 , fixation. Symbiotic N 2 , fixation in land plants partially effects these two couplings, and permits novel methods of dealing with O 2 , inactivation of nitrogenase.
Isotropized Voigt-Reuss model for prediction of elastic properties of particulate composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Voigt and Reuss models do not make any assumption regarding composite microstructure, but they are only able to estimate bounds rather than values of composite properties. To enable the models to predict elastic properties of particulate composites, we isotropized Voigt and Reuss models based on the equivalence of normal and shear strain energy respectively in a representative volume element, and derived a set of simple and uncoupled equations for the prediction of composite Young's modulus and shear modulus. Composite bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio can then be determined either by the elasticity relationships or by generalization of the isotropized Voigt-Reuss equations. Validation with reported experimental data show that, for composites with phase properties of either small or large contrast, isotropized Voigt-Reuss model has similar accuracy as the widely used micromechanical models, for the prediction of Young's modulus and shear modulus.
Research on the Design and Effect of Early Childhood Education Games Supported by AR Technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The main content of this study is the research on the design and effect of early childhood educational games supported by augmented reality (hereinafter referred to as AR) technology. The research starts with the investigation and literature review of practical problems in early childhood education, aiming at the practical problems, combined with the characteristics of AR technology, and systematically proposes a preschool education communication process model supported by technology to solve the practical problems of early childhood education. Using the characteristics of technological multimedia integration, establish an all-media integrated resource package for early childhood education to solve practical problems such as scattered educational resources, duplication of construction, and resource waste technology.
Factors Contributing to Loss to Follow-Up from HIV Care Among Men Living with HIV/AIDS in Kibaha District, Tanzania

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mathew Bernard Mandawa, Gladys Reuben Mahiti School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, TanzaniaCorrespondence: Mathew Bernard Mandawa, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Da-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Tel +255 654 452 445, Email mandawamat@gmail.comPurpose: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a global public health challenge and epidemic disease in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Retention in HIV care should be emphasized to reach”, 95-95-95” the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) target by 2030. In Tanzania, in spite of existing strategies to ensure retention, loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV-infected men is still a common challenge. With limited studies focusing on men’s population, little is known on their perspectives on factors contributing to LTFU. This study aimed to explore factors contributing to LTFU among men living with HIV/AIDS in the Kibaha district and to try to formulate strategies that work for men.Methods: The qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted among 16 men with experience in LTFU from three HIV care and treatment clinics located in the Kibaha district. Purposive sampling was used to select informants for semi-structured in-depth interviews from August to December, 2021. The collected data was analyzed thematically.Results: The findings were grouped into three themes which highlightedthe contribution of individual factors, socio-economic factors and health system factors. These factors include anticipated HIV-related stigma, lack of disclosure of their HIV status to their partners, poor knowledge on HIV care, unbearable antiretroviral (ART) medication side effects, sharing of ART medications with their partners, perceived good health status, financial difficulties, work-related travels, demanding employment schedules, spiritual belief in faith healing, poor conduct among healthcare workers and loss of Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) cards hindered their use of ART services at clinics.Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed linked multi-level factors that influence LTFU from HIV care among HIV-infected men. In order to retain men in HIV care, tailored intervention approaches should be formulated.Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus, HIV care, loss to follow-up, LTFU, contributing factors, HIV
A research study regarding the perception of the social service department of the St. Boniface Hospital by the doctors and nurses of the hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to test the perception of specified disciplines within the "medical staff" at St. Boniface General Hospital of the hospital's Social Service Department; and compare this perception to the Department's own definition of its role. The group tested the total defined population at the hospital by means of a mailed, self-administered questionnaire. The group found that perception of the role of the Social Service Department varied according to the discipline (i.e. doctors or nurses) to which the respondent belonged. They also found that this perception varied by certain categories within the specified disciplines.
Identification of Splicing Changes in the Blood and Muscle in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy (P4.110)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate RNA splicing changes in the peripheral blood and skeletal muscle of patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM). BACKGROUND: Congenital myotonic dystrophy is a severe, infantile-onset form of myotonic dystrophy (DM1). Splicing changes leading to disruptions in gene regulation have been demonstrated in DM1, but it is unknown if patients with CDM experience the same changes in splicing. Furthermore, the splicing changes associated with myotonic dystrophy have not been examined in the peripheral blood of children or adults. DESIGN/METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from two patients with CDM (ages 3 and 8) and two healthy controls (ages 5 and 10) using PAXgene tubes. cDNA libraries were prepared with poly-A selection. Skeletal muscle was collected from the 3 year-old CDM patient and compared with skeletal muscle obtained from a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient. RNA was prepared with ribosomal depletion and RNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer in random blocks of 6. Samples were aligned using TopHat. Splicing differences were analyzed with Miso. RESULTS: MBNL1 and DMPK, are known to cause splicing changes in skeletal muscle of DM1 patients. Both are expressed in the peripheral blood of CDM and control patients. Comparing CDM to control blood samples we identified 80 different transcripts with differential inclusion of exons. These transcripts include NDRG1, whose splicing has been shown to be MBNL1 dependent. Other MBNL1 dependent transcripts were also identified. In skeletal muscle, known splicing changes associated with DM1, such as in MBNL1 (exon 5), were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the presence of known myotonic dystrophy associated RNA splicing changes in the skeletal muscle of a CDM patient. Furthermore, there is a suggestion of splicing changes in the peripheral blood that may serve as potential biomarkers. Additional samples obtained longitudinally will be required to confirm these findings.
Simulation of Daily Activity Patterns Incorporating Interactions within Households

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Activity-based approaches to travel demand analysis have gained attention in the past few years and rapidly created the need to develop alternative microsimulation models for comparisons. In this paper, one such example simulates an individual's daily activity–travel patterns and incorporates the interactions among members of households. This model uses several tools to simulate the activity patterns, including a new method to extract activity patterns from data and decision trees to take into account personal and household characteristics. The model outputs are the individuals’ daily activity patterns on a detailed temporal scale. These patterns respect individuals’ constraints, which are implicitly embedded in the simulated activity and travel schedules via the intrahousehold interactions. This model was evaluated with data from 1,500 persons in Centre County, Pennsylvania, collected during fall 2002 and spring 2003.
The D blood group system of the horse1

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Three new horse blood group factors designated E 2 , E' and Y were described. Evidence was presented that these three factors as well as the factors D, J and E 1 known before, belong to the D system established by Stormont & Suzuki (1964). That system was thus extended from being a two factor, three allele system, to the most complex system known in the horse so far. It was demonstrated that the D system is closed through the factors E 2 and E'. However a few exceptions to that rule were encountered. A minimum of 10 alleles, two of which were extremely rare seemed to control the system. Frequencies of the factors and the genes of the system were given for the Swedish Trotter breed and the North‐Swedish Horse breed.
Formulation and influential factors of micro-arc anti-frition ceramic layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To decrease the friction coefficient of macro arc oxidation ceramic layer, the method of adding graphite anti friction phase into the macro arc oxidation electrolyte was adopted and the ceramic layer with graphite phase was deposited during the process of macro arc oxidation. This improves the friction capability of macro arc oxidation ceramic layer greatly. The results show that, at the beginning, the film thickness and film forming speed will increase with the time and then it reaches the maximum and falls with the time; the film forming speed reaches its maximum when the graphite contents is 5?g/L; the adding graphite anti friction phase decreases the friction coefficient of ceramic layer obviously. [
Detection of Broken Rotor Bars in Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Using Filter and Wavelet Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method has been developed for the detection of broken rotor bars fault in squirrel cage induction motor during startup regimes. The incipient detection of fault is made by using DWT analysis of FIR low pass filtered original startup transient current signal. The extracted particular characteristic evolution of the time-varying signal is used as a fault index. The method was tested using healthy and damaged 3.0kW squirrel cage induction motors under no-load conditions. The results indicate that the method yields a high degree of performance in fault identification.
Roughage quality and its impact on milk composition in dairy farms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the effects of roughage quality on milk yield and composition in disease-free dairy farms in the Çine District of Aydın, Turkey. Milk samples were collected from dairy cows, along with feed samples including alfalfa hay, corn silage, and total mixed ration (TMR), from disease-free farms. Milk samples were analyzed for protein and fat content, while feed samples were evaluated for dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Statistical analyses, including Chi-square, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test, were employed to assess the data. Roughage quality was classified as high or medium based on relative feed value with farm sizes ranging from 59 to 167 cattle. No significant differences were observed between roughage quality and factors such as farm owner education level, farm capacity, average milk yield, TMR mixer type, or corn silage maturity and usage. However, a significant difference (P
Data from FZ-AD005, a Novel DLL3-Targeted Antibody–Drug Conjugate with Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Shows Potent Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is overexpressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and has been considered an attractive target for SCLC therapy. Rovalpituzumab tesirine was the first DLL3-targeted antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) to enter clinical studies. However, serious adverse events limited progress in the treatment of SCLC with rovalpituzumab tesirine. In this study, we developed a novel DLL3-targeted ADC, FZ-AD005, by using DXd with potent cytotoxicity and a relatively better safety profile to maximize the therapeutic index. FZ-AD005 was generated by a novel anti-DLL3 antibody, FZ-A038, and a valine–alanine (Val–Ala) dipeptide linker to conjugate DXd. Moreover, Fc-silencing technology was introduced in FZ-AD005 to avoid off-target toxicity mediated by FcγRs and showed negligible Fc-mediated effector functions <i>in vitro</i>. In preclinical evaluation, FZ-AD005 exhibited DLL3-specific binding and demonstrated efficient internalization, bystander killing, and excellent <i>in vivo</i> antitumor activities in cell line–derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. FZ-AD005 was stable in circulation with acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles in cynomolgus monkeys. FZ-AD005 was well tolerated in rats and monkeys. The safety profile of FZ-AD005 was favorable, and the highest nonseverely toxic dose was 30 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. In conclusion, FZ-AD005 has the potential to be a superior DLL3-targeted ADC with a wide therapeutic window and is expected to provide clinical benefits for the treatment of patients with SCLC.</p></div>
Correspondence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors request a number of additional clinical details on Patient 2 and suggest that reexposure explains the delayed peak acetaminophen concentration of 508 mg/L. Reingestion or readministration of acetaminophen in an acetaminophen-poisoned patient is an extremely rare event. As specified in our methodology, we closely scrutinized all in-patient medical records for Patients 1 through 7 and found no evidence of reexposure. Patient 2 was placed on a ventilator at 32 hours postingestion, approximately 40 hours before the peak concentration was documented; reingestion or readministration resulting in an acetaminophen concentration of >500 mg/L (17 times upper limit of therapeutic) would have been nearly impossible in this setting. We direct the reader and the rest of the questions to the case report, in electronic form, of Patient 2.1 This electronic publication was made available after our article was accepted. The FDA and manufacturer recommendations are the standard of care. The package insert does not even mention that some patients will require more than 21 hours of therapy. The medical literature is also deficient in this area. Our in-depth analysis of the seven patients who required a prolonged course of IV NAC demonstrates that the FDA-approved regimen is inadequate for a subgroup of patients. We agree completely with your conclusion; in fact, we state that the key to safe and successful NAC therapy is a tailored approach, particularly when treating patients who demonstrate continued absorption of acetaminophen. We stand by our conclusions.
Study of water desalination using nuclear energy technologies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The earth is cover with 70% water, but only 2.5% of that is fresh water. Statistics has show that about 2.3 billion people currently living in water-stressed areas and, among the 1.7 billion of them live in water-scarce areas, new source of fresh water is need, such as desalination of seawater. Seawater desalination provides a source of fresh water and helps those people that stay in water scarce arid and semiarid areas. The energy for these plants is supply either from stream or from fossil fuels, as fossil fuels raise environmental concerns such as greenhouse effect. The best option to get energy is from nuclear plants. Nuclear desalination is introduced worldwide. The study of nuclear plant design such as the technology being used, nuclear fuel, nuclear cooling system etc and the study of water desalination process that include multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) etc was discussed based on past research. A new layout design of nuclear desalination is introduced here with some calculations of the nuclear core power and fuel assemblies.