jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of temperature on the Hugoniot elastic limit and the spall strength of a lead-bismuth alloy at the pressure of shock compression up to 2.4 GPa

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of the Hugoniot elastic limit and the spall strength of the eutectic alloy Bi --- 56.5 mass%, Pb --- 43.5 mass% were carried out at sample temperatures in the range of 20-109 o C based on registration and analysis of the evolution of shock compression pulses of various amplitudes. It is shown that an increase in the temperature of the samples leads to a decrease in the Hugoniot elastic limit by 25%, and the spall strength of the alloy under study --- by 30%, regardless of the strain rate. An increase in the strain rate by two orders of magnitude leads to an increase in the spall strength by about three times. Approximation power-law dependences of the decay of the elastic precursor on the thickness of the samples and the spall strength on the strain rate before fracture at normal and elevated temperatures are constructed. Keywords: lead-bismuth eutectic alloy, shock waves, deformation, temperature, Hugoniot elastic limit, spall strength.
Oral Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha (PPAR)-α Agonist Enhances Corneal Nerve Regeneration in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Diabetic corneal neuropathy (DCN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there are very limited therapeutic options. We investigated the effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR)-α agonist, fenofibrate, on thirty patients (60 eyes) with type II DM. On in-vivo confocal microscopy evaluation, there was significant stimulation of corneal nerve regeneration and a reduction in nerve edema after 30 days of oral fenofibrate treatment, evidenced by the significant improvement in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) and corneal nerve fiber width, respectively. Corneal epithelial cells morphology also significantly improved in its cell circularity. Upon clinical examination, fenofibrate significantly improved patients’ neuropathic ocular surface status by increasing tear break-up time along with a reduction of corneal and conjunctival punctate keratopathy. Tear substance P (SP) concentrations significantly increased after treatment, suggesting an amelioration of ocular surface neuroinflammation. The changes in tear SP concentrations was also significantly associated with the improvement in CNFD. Quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrated that fenofibrate significantly upregulated and modulated the neurotrophin signalling pathway, linolenic acid, cholesterol and fat metabolism. Complement cascades, neutrophil reactions, and platelet activation were also significantly suppressed. Our results showed that fenofibrate could potentially be a novel treatment for patients with DCN.</p>
Experimental verification of postulate of isotropy and mathematical modeling of elastoplastic deformation processes following the complex angled nonanalytic trajectories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of numerical simulation for 45 steel deformation with the use of general and linearized models of the theory of processes along flat smooth trajectories with curvilinear sectors are presented. The results of calculation are compared with the data of thin-walled cylindrical specimen deformation experiment, carried out on SN-EVM testing complex. It is shown that for the realized types of experimental trajectories symmetric with respect to the bisector of a right angle Ilyushin’s postulate of isotropy is fulfilled in the proper way.
Fuzzy Reasoning Model and Calculating Method for the Sellers' Credit of C2C Based on the Evaluating Indexes of Taobao Net

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the limitation to the credit evaluating system of C2C, a multi-variables fuzzy reasoning model is constructed and the calculating scheme is designed to evaluate the sellers credit of C2C referring to the evaluating indexes of Taobao net. The score of credit indexes is defined by the form of continuous interval in the model based on the interdependent relationship between the global assessment and the secondary evaluation indexes. Since the effect of the subjective factors on credit rating is efficiently eliminating in the algorithm and the credit description is more close to the transaction fact, the rating results of credit got by fuzzy calculation is more reliable than the ones obtained by traditional evaluation method. To verify the effectiveness of the fuzzy method, an applied example is given under the background of Taobao transaction.
ON THE GOVERNANCE OF MACROPRUDENTIAL POLICIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionPrudential Policies: Objectives, Tasks, PerimetersMicroprudential and macroprudential policiesMacroprudential policies — ObjectiveMacroprudential policies — TasksMacroprudential policies — PerimetersGovernance of Macroprudential PoliciesFirst basic challenge — dynamic system requires powersInformation collection powersDesignation powersRulemaking and calibration powersNeed for a strong mandateSecond basic challenge — Biases towards inactionNeed to align mandate and powersHarnessing institutional expertise and incentives — The role of central banksSeparate governance for monetary and macroprudential policy functionsCrisis management and the role of the treasuryIndependence and accountabilityInternational cooperationConclusionsReferences
Modality with Past Time Reference in English-into-Arabic Fiction Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Modality is a semantic medium that colors the way the language user views the world around him/ her in terms of certainty, necessity and obligation; hence, it places extra effort on the translator while attempting to capture modalistic shades of meaning. The task may become more challenging when the translator is dealing with a language pair where modality is grammar-oriented in one member (English, for example) and lexis-oriented in the other (Arabic, for example). The present paper aims to investigate the rendering of speaker participation in the speech event as embodied in modality when translating English fiction into Arabic. In particular, it will examine the corpus of two sets of data involving past modality (modal + have + past participle) extracted from two English novels which will be compared with their counterparts in the Arabic translations. Four main issues will be discussed. The first is to see whether the distinction between epistemic and deontic modality is maintained in translation. The second is to check whether the translators are sensitive to the import of modality in discourse as manifested in the speaker’s attitudes toward what is happening. The third is to check whether English modalized propositions are sometimes erroneously rendered into modality-free Arabic propositions. Last, the study discusses the Arabic modality markers employed to capture past modality. Both a quantitative account (focusing on form and function) and a qualitative analysis (focusing on adequacy of translation procedures) are furnished.
Efficient Distributed Smith-Waterman Algorithm Based on Apache Spark

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Smith-Waterman algorithm, which produces the optimal local alignment between pairwise sequences, is universally used as a key component in bioinformatics fields. It is more sensitive than heuristic approaches, but also more time-consuming. To speed up the algorithm, Single-Instruction Multiple-Data (SIMD) instructions have been used to parallelize the algorithm by leveraging data parallel strategy. However, SIMD-based Smith-Waterman (SW) algorithms show limited scalability. Moreover, the recent next-generation sequencing machines generate sequences at an unprecedented rate, so faster implementations of the sequence alignment algorithms are needed to keep pace. In this paper, we present CloudSW, an efficient distributed Smith-Waterman algorithm which leverages Apache Spark and SIMD instructions to accelerate the algorithm. To facilitate easy integration of distributed Smith-Waterman algorithm into third-party software, we provide application programming interfaces (APIs) service in cloud. The experimental results demonstrate that 1) CloudSW has outstanding performance and achieves up to 3.29 times speedup over DSW and 621 times speedup over SparkSW. 2) CloudSW has excellent scalability and achieves up to 529 giga cell updates per second (GCUPS) in protein database search with 50 nodes in Aliyun Cloud, which is the highest performance that has been reported as far as we know.
Effects of different tillage and fertilizer on soil quality under wheat‐maize rotation in the North China Plain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The North China Plain plays an important role in China's crop cultivation regions, with the wheat‐maize rotation serving as the predominant cropping system. Nonetheless, a dearth of research refers to the impact of tillage and fertilizer employment on soil quality (SQ) in this region. In this study, the primary objective centered on utilizing the soil quality index (SQI) derived from both minimum and total datasets (MDS, TDS) by the linear and nonlinear scoring criteria to assess SQ. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between wheat‐maize yield and SQI, revealing a significant association between yield and key soil parameters such as bulk density, soil porosity, total phosphorus, alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity at 0–60 cm soil layer. The study identifies that substantially elevated SQI mean values were completely under T8 whose values were 0.980 (linear), 0.672 (nonlinear) under MDS and 0.908 (linear), 0.701 (nonlinear) under TDS at 20–40 cm. Importantly, the annual yields were the highest when the SQI values were the maximum. Furthermore, SQ levels within this locale demonstrate a moderate to highly favorable status, ultimately underscoring the area's propitious conditions for crop cultivation. This research provides indispensable theoretical guidance for agricultural practitioners and offers a foundational framework supporting enhanced yields in local grain crops.
Families with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: exploring adoptive parents' experiences of family well-being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is the leading non-genetic cause of developmental disability in Canada. Many challenges abound at the individual, family and societal levels. Much of the literature cites high quality home and caregiving environments as an important correlate to optimal outcomes for individuals with FASD, however, research is limited on this experience from a family perspective. Eight adoptive parents’ experiences of family well-being, within the context of having a child with FASD in the family, were explored through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) drew out four superordinate themes each with their collection of sub-ordinate themes describing participants’ experiences of 1) Managing Individuals with FASD; 2) Navigating Family Cohesion; 3) Psychological Warfare; and 4) Experiences of Supports. The Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response Model (FAAR) is used to illustrate how families attribute meanings and adjust to balance demands against capabilities. Findings highlight how this dynamic disability impacts all aspects of family life and has a constant and cumulative effect on families’ well-being. Subjective overall family well-being is less than what participants feel it should be given their capacity. The duality of this experience was evident as families strive to balance their philosophies of family cohesion with the logistics of managing this complex disability. Hope, community, and parents feeling successful in their efforts seem to have strong connections to well-being. The study contributes to a growing body of FASD research and highlights the importance of a family-centered approach to care. Participant-promoted recommendations for research and practice are outlined.
HIV Care Coordination

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Currently available antiretroviral therapies have higher efficacy and lower side-effect profiles and are associated with better adherence compared to antiretroviral therapy available in previous decades. This has led to prolonged survival of people living with HIV (PWH), approaching that of the general population. Coordination of care using a patient-centered interdisciplinary team model can be an effective strategy to increase engagement in care and reduce barriers, especially for complicated patients and/or those with few resources. This broad chapter describes the importance of an interdisciplinary team approach to the optimal management of PWH. The chapter covers interdisciplinary care coordination in care for PWH. The HIV continuum of care is discussed through to palliative and hospice care. Roles of the HIV patient care team are outlined in depth, along with information about quality improvement. The chapter also reviews the importance of clinical research and interpretation of clinical trial results. It concludes with a review of funding for HIV care.
A Chimeric IgE That Mimics IgE From Patients Allergic To Acid-Hydrolyzed Wheat Proteins Is A Novel Tool For In Vitro Allergenicity Assessment Of Functionalized Glutens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundAcid-hydrolyzed wheat proteins (acid-HWPs) have been shown to provoke severe allergic reactions in Europe and Japan that are distinct from classical wheat allergies.Acid-HWPs were shown to contain neo-epitopes induced by the deamidation of gluten proteins.However, products with variable rates of deamidation can be found. ObjectivesIn this work, we studied the effect of the extent of wheat proteins deamidation on its allergenicity.A recombinant chimeric IgE was produced and compared to patients' IgE for its capacity to assess the IgE-mediated triggering potential of acid-HWPs. MethodsSera from acid-HWP allergic patients were analyzed via ELISA and a functional basophil assay for their IgE reactivity to wheat proteins with different deamidation levels.A chimeric mouse/human IgE (chIgE-DG1) specific for the main neo-epitope, QPEEPFPE, involved in allergy to acid-HWPs was characterized with respect to its functionality and its reactivity compared to that of patients' IgE. ResultsAcid-HWPs with medium (30%) and high (50-60%) deamidation levels displayed a markedly stronger IgE binding and capacity to activate basophils than those of samples with
Navigating fake reviews in online marketing: Innovative strategies for authenticity and trust in the digital age

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The prevalence of fake reviews and ratings in online marketing has become a significant issue, undermining consumer trust and damaging business reputations. This study aims to identify the extent and impact of fake reviews and explore innovative strategies for traders to combat this problem and maintain authenticity. A mixed-method approach was adopted, including a survey of 100 respondents to gauge public awareness and perception of fake reviews. The findings highlight the critical need for advanced detection methods, increased transparency, and consumer education to foster trust in online platforms. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and Chi-Square tests, were used to analyze the data. The survey revealed that 75% of respondents encounter fake reviews frequently, with 40% being highly aware of the issue. The impact of fake reviews on purchasing decisions is significant, affecting 80% of the respondents. To address this issue, traders can implement advanced AI algorithms, encourage genuine reviews through incentives, increase transparency through verification processes, and collaborate with review platforms to establish stricter monitoring systems. Additionally, educating consumers about identifying fake reviews and promoting ethical online behavior are crucial steps towards mitigating this issue. This study concludes that by adopting these innovative strategies, traders can protect their reputations, foster consumer trust, and ensure the authenticity of online reviews and ratings. Future research should focus on developing more sophisticated detection technologies and exploring the long-term effects of fake reviews on consumer behavior and market dynamics.
A tirucallane and two pairs of tetranortriterpene 23-epimers from the Thai mangrove Xylocarpus moluccensis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new tirucallane, 3β-hydroxy-3-decarbonyl-24-epi-piscidinol A (1), and two new pairs of tetranortriterpene 23-epimers, named thaimoluccepimers A (2) and B (3), were isolated from the seeds of a Thai mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic analysis.
Use of Near-Isogenic Wheat Lines to Determine the Glutenin Composition and Functionality Requirements for Flour Tortillas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In wheat ( Triticum aestivum L), the synthesis of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins (GS) is controlled by three heterologous genetic loci present on the long arms of group 1 wheat chromosomes. The loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 and their allelic variants play important roles in the functional properties of wheat flour. This study focused on understanding the functionality of these protein subunits on tortilla quality. Near-isogenic wheat lines in which one or more of these loci were absent or deleted were used. Tortillas were prepared from each deletion line and the parent lines. The elimination of certain HMW-GS alleles alter distinct but critical aspects of tortilla quality such as diameter, shelf stability, and overall quality. Two deletion lines possessing HMW-GS 17 + 18 at Glu-B1 and deletions in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 had significantly larger tortilla diameters, yet tortilla shelf life was compromised or unchanged from the parent lines used to develop the deletion lines or the commercial tortilla flour used as a control. Alternatively, a deletion line possessing Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 (HMW-GS 1, 5 + 10) and a deletion in Glu-B1 also significantly improved tortilla diameters. Whereas the increase in diameter was less than the line possessing only HMW-GS 17 + 18 at Glu-B1, the stability of the tortillas were, however, maintained and improved as compared to the parent lines containing a full compliment of HMW-GS. Thus, the presence of subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 alone or in combination with subunit 1 at Glu-A1 appears to provide a compromise of improvement in dough extensibility for improved tortilla diameters while also providing sufficient gluten strength to maintain ideal shelf stability.
Chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) versus radiotherapy (total body irradiation) for stage III-IV poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy-two patients with stage III-IV malignant lymphoma of the poorly differentiated lymphocytic (PDL) type were randomly assigned to initial chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) or to radiotherapy with total body irradiation (TBI). The response and survival rates were similar for CVP and TBI in patients with nodular PDL, with 66% and 67%, respectively, surviving at 7 years. Induction treatment with TBI yielded better response and early survival than CVP for patients with diffuse PDL but a survival advantage did not exist at 5 years, the survival rate being 28% and 25%, respectively. TBI was more easily tolerated than CVP as initial therapy, 19 (51%) of the 37 CVP patients had a complication which required hospitalization during the first six cycles as contrasted to only one of 35 patients receiving TBI who required hospitalization. Most chemotherapy complications were infectious in nature, secondary to relatively severe granulocytopenia, and one patient died from Candida sepsis following the first cycle of CVP. Late complications consisted of two TBI patients who developed a myeloproliferative disorder and two CVP patients who experienced persistent disabling neurotoxic reactions. Durable remissions were not achieved with significant frequency using either form of treatment, indicating a need to evaluate new therapeutic approaches for the management of PDL lymphoma.
Standardizing Laboratory Data Interchange in Clinical Trials

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium has developed a Laboratory Model for laboratory data that is generated during the conduct of clinical trials. The Laboratory Model is the first step in proposing standards for the interchange of clinical trial laboratory data. Standards will decrease the time and resources required by stakeholders in the pharmaceutical development process (pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations and laboratories). Standardization will therefore contain costs as well as improve data quality.
Views and perceptions of students and academics on serious games in the classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This short presentation will talk about academic and student perceptions around the value of online serious games and usability as a learning tool. There is substantial research that indicates that implementing technologies for learning can be problematic, with various issues arising from: academic knowledge and fluency with the use and training of the technology; alignment of the application; student perceptions around the value and relevance of the experience; student and academic digital literacies; time constraints; and issues around IT support and costs (just to name a few of the key issues). This research is related to a project to develop an online serious game (namely, CliNCare) to assist student dietitians to develop clinical reasoning skills during the Nutrition Care Process. Initial data collected from academics and students on the needs and perceived usability of online serious games will inform the development of CliNCare. This preliminary data gives an interesting perspective on differences in perceptions between academics and students on how serious games can be integrated into curriculum and how they should relate to summative assessment. Key findings include that students perceive online serious games will help their learning, but they should primarily be used for testing ideas and practice rather than summative assessment. Conversely, academics view that serious games or simulation should be explicitly tied to summative assessment. Academics surveyed indicated a number of barriers to using online serious games including cost and support, but 66.7 percent of these academics would consider using this technology if it was available. All 66 students surveyed indicated that they like using technology to learn and for those students who have not used an online serious game for learning, 93 percent would like to give it a go if it related to course learning outcomes. Ultimately, this research gives a good insight into the value of pursuing the use of serious games in courses, but also highlights the time and cost barriers that make this type of initiative often difficult.