jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Older Adults’ Perceptions of the Usefulness of Technologies for Engaging in Physical Activity: Using Focus Groups to Explore Physical Literacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Insufficient physical activity (PA) levels observed among older adults remain extremely high and pose a danger to developing and maintaining their physical literacy (PL). Each person’s level of PL partly depends on their physical and cognitive skills, confidence level, and degree of motivation to practice PA daily. New technologies, such as exergames and wearable fitness trackers, may enable older adults to increase their PL, stimulating uptake and ongoing PA participation. Objective: This focus group study aims to describe older adults’ perceptions of the use of technologies to engage in physical exercise programs. Methods: Fifteen participants were randomly selected from a sample of 40 older adults who completed a randomized controlled trial that investigated the benefits of using technology in the context of group-based exercise programs. Separate post-intervention focus groups were performed with an exergaming group, a conventional physical training group, and a no training group (control). Data were mapped onto constructs from the four domains of PL: affective, physical, cognitive, and behavioral. Results: Generally, participants expressed positive perceptions about the benefits of using technology to engage in PA. These positive feelings outweighed the costs and the lack of familiarization with technology. Common themes for the three groups emerged from the discussions and included familiarization with technology, using fitness tracker to monitor PA, previous exposure to technology, and interaction with peers, staff members, and relatives. In particular, participants from the exergaming group explored the ideas of training their cognitive skills while using the exergame accessories, exercising in an alternative way, competitive versus cooperative play, changes in sense of humor, skill transferability from game to real environment, progressions of the exercise intensities, and the potential use of exergames for rehabilitation. Conclusions: Participants in this study reported positive perceptions about implementing technology into exercise. Emphasizing the benefits of using technology in group-based exercise programs may increase older adults’ PL levels and their future technology adoption. The potential implementation of technology into conventional exercise programs should focus on older adults’ lifelong values, biopsychosocial conditions, and the possibility of reducing age-related risk of injuries and chronic diseases.
The Figure of the Gothic Body in the Fiction of Caitlín R. Kiernan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores how Caitlín R. Kiernan deploys the figure of the gothic body to express the oppression of submerged individuals and groups. Kiernan's gothic figure is a body that varies from socially accepted constructs or expectations of bodily appearance, form, sexuality or gender and is usually experienced as physically unusual or grotesque, often through unwanted display or spectacle. This essay reads a selected sample of Kiernan's fiction through several theoretical lenses, including Julia Kristeva's work on abjection and melancholia, Judith Butler's theory of subjection, Garland-Thomson's disability theory, and Elaine Scarry's work on the body in pain. These lenses reveal how Kiernan's fiction pushes upon readers the reality of physical and psychological trauma to our biological self with all of its fragility, disease, and hurt. That trauma results from the tyranny of socially constructed and enforced norms and standards that differentially affect marginalized individuals and communities.
Continuous-Discrete Boundary Problems in the Concepts of the Construction of Foundry Rotary-Conveyor Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of mathematical construction for the process of the control of the metal casting crystallization and cooling in a foundry mold is considered. The casting is surrounded by a layer of sand mixture, which is a porous dispersed medium that conducts heat, in terms of the concepts of the construction of foundry rotary-conveyor lines (RCL). The problem of developing an interval model for determining the speed of the conveyor line from the production of metal castings is studied. Herewith, continuous processes of the transport and technological movement of the processed materials, equipment, tools, energy carriers, and final production output are combined with inevitable stops of this continuity, which lead to discreteness, and a combination with a number of accompanying continuous, discrete or reciprocating processes. The adequacy of the model for the given technological parameters is justified. The mathematical description and agreement of the values of technological parameters for regulation and finding the optimal speed of the conveyor line at the interaction of its component rotational systems, as well as the mathematical models for program control and remote monitoring of technological modes in order to obtain the casting of the given quality are considered. The possibility of selecting the corrective parameters for the change of the conveyor line speed is shown. Tiek skatīta matemātiskās konstrukcijas problēma metāla liešanas kristalizācijas un dzesēšanas kontroles procesam liešanas veidnē. Lējumu ieskauj smilšu maisījuma slānis, kas ir poraini izkliedēts materiāls, kas vada siltumu. Lietojot lietuves rotācijas konveijeru līniju (RCL) koncepciju, tiek pētīta intervāla modeļa izveides problēma konveijera līnijas ātruma noteikšanai metāla lējumu ražošanai. Tajā pašā laikā nepārtraukti apstrādājamo materiālu, iekārtu, rīku, enerģijas nesēju un gala produkcijas transportēšanas un tehnoloģiskās kustības procesi tiek apvienoti ar šīs nepārtrauktības neizbēgamajiem apstāšanās gadījumiem, kas noved pie kombinācijas ar vairākiem nepārtrauktiem, diskrētiem vai pārvietošanās procesiem. Ir pierādīta modeļa piemērotība attiecīgajiem tehnoloģiskajiem parametriem. Tiek parādīta iespēja izvēlēties koriģējošos parametrus konveijera līnijas ātruma maiņai.
Overexpression of appoptosin promotes mitochondrial damage in MIN6 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Damage to pancreatic β‑cells is closely associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying injury to pancreatic β‑cells remains unclear, although hypoxia is considered as one of the leading causes. Appoptosin is a mitochondrial protein that promotes neuronal apoptosis. Studies conducted on appoptosin thus far have primarily focused on Alzheimer's disease, and have demonstrated that the expression of appoptosin is significantly increased in ischemic‑reperfused rat brains, which indicates its close association with hypoxia. However, the role of appoptosin in pancreatic β‑cells, which are sensitive to hypoxia, remains unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the function of appoptosin in pancreatic β‑cells in a hypoxic environment. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to mimic the hypoxic status of the cells. The results of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling assay demonstrated that CoCl2 promoted apoptosis in MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells, and western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the activation of appoptosin was induced, promoting mitochondrial damage and caspase 3 activation. Silencing of appoptosin using short hairpin RNA significantly reduced CoCl2‑induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells. In conclusion, CoCl2 increased the expression of appoptosin, which aggravated mitochondrial damage in MIN6 cells. Therefore, inhibiting the expression of appoptosin may benefit pancreatic β-cells survival during islet transplantation.
The geographies of higher education mobility : how international students choose where to study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis analyses the factors involved in influencing the mobility of tertiary level international students studying in the UK. While student mobility has gained prominence within academia in recent years, hitherto there has been no attempt at comparing the experiences at different UK universities. To this end, this thesis compares the University of Aberdeen, the University of Nottingham and Queen's University Belfast, three 'competitor' universities in different parts of the UK. This research employs a mixed methodology approach, encompassing an online survey, one-on-one and paired interviews and focus groups of international students - and staff - at the study universities. In so doing, it not only integrates data from a range of different sources, leading to a richer data set overall, but it also assesses the effectiveness of working with these methods. The research shows that student decision making in choosing where to study overseas is richly multifaceted, and at anyone time students act under the influence of competing and even apparently contradictory stimuli. While students are consumers of higher education and therefore seek out degrees that will lead to the best job prospects, have the most suitable course programmes, or the best value for money, it is shown that they are also governed by their imaginative geographies of the place, and the advice of their social networks. Their chosen university is therefore frequently one that not only meets their demands as consumers, but that will also ensure their emotional wellbeing, as filtered through theirs and other geographical perceptions
Munchausen Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comments1 January 1977Munchausen SyndromeS. E. HYLER, M.D.S. E. HYLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-121 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am currently engaged in research on the Munchausen (hospital addiction) syndrome and its variants. I wish to correspond with any other physicians who have had direct contact with such patients. Responses should be addressed to the undersigned.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByP 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 121-121 Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transaction Fee Economics in the Ethereum Blockchain

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study the economic determinants and dynamics of transaction fees in the Ethereum blockchain. The transaction fee is an endogenous price for service, paid when a direct transfer or smart-contract transaction is recorded on the blockchain. We estimate an empirical model based on queueing theory and analyze the factors determining the Ethereum "gas price", i.e., transaction cost per unit of service, "gas". Using detailed block-level and transaction-level data obtained directly from the Ethereum blockchain, we show that changes in network service demand significantly a ect the marginal and median gas price: when there is high block utilization, per-unit transaction fees increase on average, with a very strong non-linear threshold effect above 90% utilization. We also find that the transaction type is an important factor - a larger fraction of regular transactions (direct transfers between users, as opposed to smart contract calls), is associated with higher gas price.
Design of WiFi/WiMAX dual‐band E‐shaped patch antennas through cavity model approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The design of dual‐band, single patch microstrip antenna covering 2.4 and 3.5 GHz for WiFi and WiMAX applications based on E‐shaped patch is presented. Although cavity model analysis is included in the design procedure, the slotted configuration is treated as the perturbed cavity to characterize the resonant frequencies of corresponding modes. Additionally, the feed point position is determined through the field distribution resulted from the modal analysis. A new equivalent circuit model based on the coupled resonators theory is proposed for analysis purposes. The relationship between cavity model analysis and antenna resonances is further evidenced by the surface current distributions on the conductors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 471–474, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24954
PS01.088: CERVICOSTERNOTOMY COMBINED WITH LAPAROSCOPY FOR RESECTION OF UPPER THORACIC ESOPHAGUS: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Access to the cervicothoracic junction, whether by lower anterior cervical or transthoracic approach, is particularly difficult. It has been found that the cervicosternotomy allows exposure of the upper thoracic esophagus to the level of the carina. Our goal in this study is to summarize the experience in resection of the upper segment of the esophagus through cervicosternal splitting approach combined with laparoscopy and to discuss the choice of surgical approach, the clearance of lymph node and the treatment of postoperative complications. Methods From January 2016 to February 2018, 7 patients with esophageal disease underwent cervicosternotomy as part of a larger procedure. The lesion of the upper esophagus was resected by the direct anterior approach and the lower segmeat of the thoracic esophagus was freed by laparoscopic transesophageal hiatus. The stomach was taken up to the neck through the bed of esophagus and anastomoted between the stomach and esophagus. We analyzed these patients to determine the utility of this means, the ability to achieve complete resection and the outcomes. Results Of the 7 patients, 4 patients underwent radical resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 2 for esophagectomy and laryngectomy, 1 for benign stricture of the esophagus, 6 for cervical and mediastinal node dissection.The lesion of esophagus was resected in all cases. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in one patient with carcinoma, the only major postoperative complication in this group. There was no operative death. Conclusion The cervicosternal splitting approach can offer good exposure, high rate of resectability and low incidence of postoperative complications for the pathology of the upper segment of esophagus. Careful evaluation of the patient, focusing on the type, extent, and location of the abnormality relative to the level of the carina, often indicates that cervicosternotomy combined with laparoscopy is a safe and effective method of upper thoracic esophagectomy. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Correction: Multivalent HA DNA Vaccination Protects against Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens and Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Sustained outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in avian species increase the risk of reassortment and adaptation to humans.The ability to contain its spread in chickens would reduce this threat and help maintain the capacity for egg-based vaccine production.While vaccines offer the potential to control avian disease, a major concern of current vaccines is their potency and inability to protect against evolving avian influenza viruses.Methodology / Principal Findings: The ability of DNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from different HPAI H5N1 serotypes was evaluated for its ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies and to protect against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5N1 strain challenge in mice and chickens after DNA immunization by needle and syringe or with a pressure injection device.These vaccines elicited antibodies that neutralized multiple strains of HPAI H5N1 when given in combinations containing up to 10 HAs.The response was dose-dependent, and breadth was determined by the choice of the influenza virus HA in the vaccine.Monovalent and trivalent HA vaccines were tested first in mice and conferred protection against lethal H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 challenge 68 weeks after vaccination.In chickens, protection was observed against heterologous strains of HPAI H5N1 after vaccination with a trivalent H5 serotype DNA vaccine with doses as low as 5 mg DNA given twice either by intramuscular needle injection or with a needle-free device.Conclusions/Significance: DNA vaccines offer a generic approach to influenza virus immunization applicable to multiple animal species.In addition, the ability to substitute plasmids encoding different strains enables rapid adaptation of the vaccine to newly evolving field isolates.
Ex-Vivo Permeation Study of an Antifungal Drug, Loaded in NLC, Designed and Optimized by Factorial Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lipid-based drug delivery systems are frequently employed as they may increase the solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic medications. An improved generation of lipid nanoparticles known as Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) has the potential to overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional lipid-based formulations and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The current study employed Design-Expert® software (Version 7.1.5) to perform an optimization study using 23 Factorial design. The study involved Homogenizer Speed (RPM), the Amount of Liquid Lipid (mL), and the amount of Solid Lipid (g) as independent variables. The 8 formulations provided by the design software, were prepared by using hot homogenization technique. The Drug and other material’s compatibility analysis were carried out using FTIR analysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to measure the particle size of the NLC formulations. The Ex-vivo Drug Permeation Study was performed by using goat abdominal skin, obtained from slaughter’s house, in the Franz Diffusion Cell. FTIR results stated that the excipients and the drug were compatible, as there were no significant changes of the peaks were noticed. The Particle Size of Formulations was in the range of 17.57 nm to 279.4 nm. The Entrapment efficiency of the NLC formulations was in the range of 63.1% to 98 %. The percentage of drug permeated from the formulations in 7 hours was in the range of 33.07 ± 0.00015 % to 61.86 ± 0.017%. According to this study, the optimized NLC fulfils the all criteria and is proven as a suitable topical drug delivery system.
The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Cognitive Ability of Patients with Parkinson Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As Marras et al’s estimation predicted in 2018, the number of patients with the Parkinson’s Disease (PD) would be approximately 0.93 million in 2020 and would grow to 1.23 million in 2030. This is more than the combined number of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The prevalence of the Parkinson’s Disease not only adds great obstacles to the patients’ life, but also poses intense financial burden on the families and the taxpayers. Lewin Group Inc’s research in 2019 concluded that the direct medical cost of Parkinson’s Disease in America is $25.4 million, while the non-medical cost is $26.5 million dollar. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery was first approved in 1997 to treat Parkinson’s Disease (PD) tremor, then in 2002 for the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s. Although numerous studies showed the alleviation of dyskinesias, studying Deep Brain Stimulation’s influence on the patients’ cognitive abilities is helpful for determining whether DBS can sustain the quality of life of the patients.
Surgical repair of a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta after aortic valve replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the case of a patient with a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aortic clinically diagnosed 5 months after surgical replacement of the aortic valve. Diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of two-dimensional echocardiography and helicoidal angiotomography. The corrective surgery, which consisted of a reinforced suture of the communication with the ascending aorta after opening and aspiration of the cavity of the pseudoaneurysm, was successfully performed through a complete sternotomy using extracorporeal circulation, femorofemoral cannulation, and moderate hypothermia, with no aortic clamping.
Chemotherapy Cancer Treatment and Cognitive Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prominence of cognitive dysfunction because of cancer treatment, referred to as “chemo brain” is increasing due to the number of cancer survivors. Research on chemotherapy related cognitive dysfunction has been focused on breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to establish if a connection between chemotherapy cancer treatment and cognitive dysfunction exists. This evaluation of literature explored PubMed, DynaMed, Psychiatry Online, and Cochrane which compared cognitive abilities before and after chemotherapy cancer treatment. This paper examined the research over the last 10 years, of women ages 18-70 and the connection between chemotherapy treatment and cognitive dysfunction. Jansen et al. (2011) found significant decreases in cognitive impairment after receiving chemotherapy, followed by improvements 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy in the cognitive domains of visuospatial skill (p<0.001), attention (p=0.022), delayed memory (p=0.006), and motor function (p=0.043). Results from a study by Lindner et al. (2014) indicated that cognitive impairments were found in the cross- sectional studies including immediate free recall (p=0.03), delayed memory (p=0.02), verbal memory (p<0.001), delayed recognition memory (p=0.02), selective attention (p=0.02), and attention capacity (p<0.001). This paper has shown that a positive connection between chemotherapy cancer treatment and cognitive dysfunction exists and that the degree of cognitive dysfunction is highly variable for each individual. The results indicated that chemotherapy related cognitive dysfunction should be discussed as a debilitating side effect before chemotherapy cancer treatment is initiated. Survivor support should also be increased in order to accommodate cancer survivors affected by chemotherapy related cognitive dysfunction.
Effectiveness study of the dual application of new Indigenous entomopathogenic nematode isolate Heterorhabditis taysearae and entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana against armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous insect pest species that travel great distances every summer to disperse. They mostly feed on maize and over 350 other crops. In this investigation, two entomopathogens: Beauveria bassiana and Heterorhabditis taysearae , were utilized to test the efficacy of each against S. frugiperda separately and then as a group by inoculating H. taysearae two days after fungal infection. Results Evaluations were done on mortality percentage, infective juvenile (IJ) production, and conidia production. The LT 50 continually reduced with increases in nematode and fungus concentrations. For the LC 50 value, the H. taysearae isolate was 289 IJs/larva after 96 h of treatment, while for B. bassiana isolate, it was 10 6 CFU/ml after 144 h of treatment. Dual infections with B. bassiana and H. taysearae had a beneficial effect on pest mortality, resulting in 83% mortality, and caused a significant increase in conidia production while utilizing the nematode or fungal separately caused decrease in mortality (63 and 73%, respectively). Conclusions The study’s findings indicated a quicker time to death and suggested that combining a moderately pathogenic fungal isolate with nematodes could raise the mortality rate. The mutually beneficial relationship between B. bassiana and H. taysearae controls S. frugiperda .