jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of kid rearing systems on milk yield, kid growth and cost of Florida dairy goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to study the effect of two different kid-rearing systems, natural or artificial, on milk yield, composition, hygiene-sanitary quality, kid growth and cost in Florida dairy goats. Two groups of animals were created, one with goats under natural suckling and the other under artificial rearing. In the suckling group, the kids were suckled up to 5 weeks of age, and had free access to goat milk 24 h a day. Dams in the milking group were separated from their kids at 48 h post-partum; then, kids were reared artificially, and the dams were milked twice daily. The number of goats used in each rearing system was 20 (all giving birth to twins). Each week, from the 2nd to the 5th post-partum, the volume of milk produced was measured, and individual samples were taken. The chemical composition, the bacteriology, and the somatic cell count of the milk were analysed. The kids, of both sexes, were assigned to two groups, natural suckling (NS, n = 40) and ad libitum artificial rearing (AR, n = 40), and birth weight and weight every week from the second to the fourth week of life were recorded. During the 5 weeks of lactation the total milk yield per goat was higher for the NS group (93.6 L vs. 71.2 L), although the total amount of marketable milk was greater for the AR group, with a difference of some 39 L. There was a significant effect of the rearing system for the contents of fat, protein, and non-fat dry extract, the goats in artificial rearing presenting the highest values. No effect of the rearing system on the somatic cell count was observed. No significant effect was observed either for the feeding system or the sex on the live weight of the kids at 28 days and the postnatal growth rate from birth to 28 days. Natural suckling costs were slightly lower than artificial rearing (D 14.5/kid vs. D 15.4/kid, respectively), but if the additional per-goat milk production in the NS group (22.4 L) is taken into account, the extra income per naturally suckled kid is D 5.18.
Language and minority rights: ethnicity, nationalism and the politics of language

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

CONTENTS Preface to the 2nd Edition Preface to the 1st edition INTRODUCTION Language ecology The politics of language The nation-state model Linguistic human rights Critical sociolinguistics Overview Prospects for change Chapter 1: THE DENUNCIATION OF ETHNICITY Academic denunciations of ethnicity Resituating ethnicity in the era of globalization Ethnicity and modernity Ethnicity as primordial Ethnicity as constructed Ethnicity as intentional Hybridity: the postmodernist politics of identity Limits to the social construction of ethnicity Finding common ground - ethnicity, habitus, and field Ethnies Chapter 2: NATIONALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS Linguistic nationalism The will to nationhood The modern (nation-)state The modernists Limits of the modernist account Ethno-symbolic accounts of nationalism Dominant ethnies The construction of sociological minorities Chapter 3: LIBERALISM AND MULTICULTURALISM The pluralist dilemma Defending liberal democracy Critiquing liberal democracy The cosmopolitan alternative Rethinking liberal democracy Chapter 4: LANGUAGE, IDENTITY, RIGHTS, AND REPRESENTATION Language and identity Identity in language Language and culture Language, culture and politics Language decline: the death of Irish? 'Resigned language realism': is language revival just flogging a dead horse? Re-evaluating language shift Linguistic markets and symbolic violence Vive la France: the construction of la langue legitime Legitimating and institutionalizing minority languages Chapter 5: LANGUAGE, EDUCATION AND MINORITY RIGHTS Educating for the majority Educating for the minority Minority group responses to language education policies Bridging the gap between policy and practice Minority language and education rights in international law Chapter 6: MONOLINGUALISM, MOBILITY AND THE PRE-EMINENCE OF ENGLISH English as global lingua franca The normative power of monolingualism The problem with history The problem with instrumentalism The problem with bilingual education 'Doesn't anyone speak English around here?' The US 'English Only' movement Chapter 7: THE RISE OF REGIONALISM: RE-INSTANTIATING MINORITY LANGUAGES Quebec: safeguarding French in a sea of English Catalonia: the quest for political and linguistic autonomy Wales: the development of a bilingual state in a 'forgotten' nation Chapter 8: INDIGENOUS RIGHTS: SELF-DETERMINATION, LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION Indigenous peoples, self-determination, and international law Indigenous peoples and national law Indigenous language and education rights Aotearoa/New Zealand: a tale of two ethnicities Chapter 9: RE-IMAGINING THE NATION-STATE Addressing constructivism Tolerability and the crux of majority opinion Polyethnic language and education rights: Pasifika in Aotearoa/New Zealand The challenge of multiculturalism Towards a more pluralist conception of language rights BIBLIOGRAPHY Notes
Infrastructure shortcuts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Described interchangeably as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data, recent years have seen an increasing move towards the use of automated forms of data analysis and scoring mobilised to reorganise and “improve” policing. One form of this is area-based predictive policing, which has received significant attention in public discourse and is the focus of this chapter. This chapter draws on ethnographic interviews with technology leads in UK and US police forces and companies developing predictive policing solutions, as well as visits to industry events. It engages with the often invisible “infrastructure work” of iterative technological innovation and technical maintenance. With police data increasingly hosted on cloud services and police departments lacking technical expertise, software companies’ ready-made analytical tools shape how police understand and make use of the data they produce. The chapter problematises the role of private companies in the ongoing normative decision-making entangled with the infrastructure work they provide.
Dimeric IgA in the Rat is Transferred from Serum into Bile but not into Milk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intravenous administration of ducts thoracicus lymph with dimeric IgA antibodies against Escherichia coli 06 to lactating rat dams did not result in transfer of IgA antibodies into the milk, although the antibodies were detectable in serum 1 min after the administration and in bile 60 min later. After intravenous injection of serum from bile‐duct‐occluded (BDO) rats Immunized in the Peyer's patchs into lactating rat dams, IgA antibodies appeared in the serum and remained there up to 230 min. At this time no IgA antibodies were seen in the milk while they were present in bile. IgG and IgM 06 antibodies did not appear in bile or after intravenous administration of lymph or serum from BDO rats.
The Attitude of German Emigre Doctors Towards Medicine under National Socialism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Attitude of German Émigré Doctors Towards Medicine under National Socialism Get access Christian Pross Christian Pross * *Center Survive, Center for the Treatment of Torture Victims GSZ, Turmstrasse 21, D-1559 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: c.pross@bzfo.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social History of Medicine, Volume 22, Issue 3, December 2009, Pages 531–552, https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkp064 Published: 23 October 2009
The role of 3D transesophageal echocardiography during percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Isolated secundum atrial septal defects account for approximately 7% of congenital cardiac defects.Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) is an alternative approach to surgery in selected patients.The emergence of this therapeutic option for ASD's mandates accurate delineation of their morphology and anatomical relationships.Live 3D TEE is a relatively new technology capable of obtaining unprecedented images of cardiac morphology as it allows a greater appreciation of spatial relationships within the heart.
Some Experiences in Managing Sickle-cell Anaemia in Children and Young Adults, Using Alkalis and Magnesium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

that one is probably dealing with a changing situation and that the absence of venous abnormalities at any time in the natural history of the disease does not imply their absence throughout its development. SummaryIn 23 patients with clinical primary lymphoedema starting in youth (lymphoedema praecox) the venous drainage of the affected leg has been investigated by venography and by venous- flow and venous-pressure studies.Eleven of the patients showed evidence of obstruction of the left common iliac vein, probably by the right common iliac artery.Lymphangiography was performed in 10 cases, and clinical lymphoedema was seen with both abnormal and normal lymphangiographic appearances.The manner in which a raised venous pressure could influence the onset of lymphoedema is discussed.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the technical assistance of Mrs.
Influence of structural architecture on linear shape memory alloy actuator performance and morphing system layout optimisation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a design strategy is presented, addressed to adaptive structural systems, driven by shape memory alloy actuators. The peculiar behaviour of shape memory alloy materials, non-linear and fully dependent on three parameters (stress, strain and temperature), and the load path itself complicate the numerical simulation process. This is even more evident if those active elements are integrated within complex structures. Actuators generate forces. Integrated shape memory alloy–based structural actuator capability is strongly influenced by the hosting structure stiffness. It does in turn depend on the geometrical configuration. The structural architecture may be then said to modulate the performance of the aforementioned devices. The layout modifies in fact the structural resistance that opposes the action of a generic shape memory alloy actuator, even if the same topological point is referred to. This opposition affects the change of phase process (martensite ↔ austenite) regulating shape memory alloy peculiar phenomena and then impacts its performance. For simple, linear shape memory alloy actuators, the structure may be represented as an oriented spring where all the information of the parent structure is concentrated in its scalar stiffness property. This value is a function of the specific layout. A way to compute this equivalent structural stiffness comes directly by its definition: the ratio between the generated actuation force and the derived homologue structural displacement, that is, displacement occurring along the same force direction. Because such stiffness is what the shape memory alloy actuator feels, in this article it is referred as ‘perceived stiffness’. In this article, the structural layout effect on linear shape memory alloy actuator performance is initially evaluated for a simple spring. The approach is then extended to a complex active structural system, element of an aircraft wing morphing architecture. The referred device is capable of deforming wing regions while resisting the aerodynamic and the structural loads and recovering the original shape, once the actuation stops. Structural actuator geometry is optimised as a function of the attained structural displacement (figure of merit). The work is concluded with a discussion on the achieved results, namely, rotation, vertical displacement, internal stress (strain) levels and activation temperature.
Policies to Increase Calves Production in East Nusa Tenggara as a National Production Center

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The determinant factors of the growth of calf cattle production in NTT Province (both technical/technological, economic, socio-cultural, investment, and related institutions) have not been specifically identified and measured. This is very important for the purpose of formulating and implementing related policies. The objectives of this study were to analyze the main factors affecting the level of calf production, and to formulate policy interventions to increase calf production. A research survey was carried out on parties related to the planning and development of cattle business. The quantitative approach is in the form of regression analysis of time series data. The economic phenomenon of calf production in Kupang Regency has been simplified into a mathematical model (response function). The result reported that the estimated value of the parameters in the total calf production equation model in NTT was: TPRAS= – 20434.1 + 0.2262 LTTSIP* – 0.0032 TLPRAns + 0.2147 TLLTP* + 0.1036 TPTRU* + 0.1877 TRKUT** + 0.2067TRDIB** + 0.1057 TRDVT** + 0.3647 LTPRAS* + 811.7645 TREND**. In conclusionl, the increased production of calves was dependent on the increase in support for the main production factors [number of productive cows, number of farmers, amount of feed, and amount of cement/vaccine] adequatly. Policy investment (through interest rates and realization farming loans), policy of productive cows control (through postponement of slaughter and the provision cash incentives), and policy of technology support (through realization AI doses of semen and livestock vaccines) significantly affect to production of calves.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS FOR UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND STAFF

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease risk factor reduction and maintenance of physical fitness are important components of worksite wellness programs. Effective worksite wellness programs have been shown to significantly reduce corporate health care costs. This study presents descriptive results of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors from 542 participants of a comprehensive University Faculty Staff Wellness Program and compares results with recommended normative values. 542 participants (average age = 41.8 ± 9.7 years, range = 21–70 years, 300 males and 242 females) underwent fasting blood lipid profile and glucose determination, body composition assessment with hydrostatic weighing, resting measures of heart rate and blood pressure and a 12-lead graded exercise test with physician supervision. Average risk factor results were: BMI = 25.6 ± 12.6, %body fat = 25.2 ± 8.5, resting heart rate = 75.5 ± 13.8, resting blood pressure = 124.9/78.9 ± 19.9/9.8, total cholesterol = 210.9 ± 44.4, HDL-C = 52.8 ± 27.9, TG = 129.4 ± 93.4, LDL-C = 132.2 ± 45.6 and glucose = 98.2 ± 12.3. Graded exercise tests found that 8% of the resting EKG's were abnormal and 22% of graded exercise tests performed demonstrated an abnormal response such as ST-T changes and excessive blood pressure responses. With the exception of modest elevations for total cholesterol and LDL-C all other variables are within acceptable ranges for normative values. These findings are consistent with other studies indicating University employees are relatively healthy when compared with recommended values for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Swimmers’ shoulder side asymmetry at rest and after aerobic load

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate shoulder joint flexibility, shoulder muscle peak isometric force, and submaximal force differentiation ability after warm-up exercises, as well as to compare the peak isometric force and submaximal force differentiation ability before and after a 4.5-km free-style swimming trial in swimmers and triathletes. Methods Overall, 15 qualified young male swimmers, 15 triathletes, and 14 controls participated. Their shoulder active range of motion (ROM) in internal rotation (IR), external rotation, flexion, extension, abduction were measured. The peak force and the ability to reproduce the submaximal forces of IR and extension muscles were compared before and after 4.5-km free-style swimming in aerobic regimen. Results Swimmers and triathletes presented larger ROM in flexion and abduction in both arms, and in IR in the non-dominant shoulder than controls. IR and extension muscle isometric peak forces were higher in swimmers and triathletes compared with controls. Strength side asymmetry was not observed in any group. Only triathletes’ IR force was higher in the dominant than in the non-dominant shoulder. The submaximal force reproduction error did not differ among the groups. The peak forces and submaximal force reproduction errors did not change after the 4.5-km swim but caused IR and extension muscles peak force side asymmetry, with stronger muscles in the dominant shoulder. Conclusions Free-style swimming at 4.5 km in aerobic regimen induced shoulder IR and extension muscle peak force side asymmetry without any decrease of their absolute values or significant worsening in the submaximal force reproduction error.
Oncogenomic profiling in infant–toddler T‐ALL identifies NKX2 family genes as drivers linked to favorable outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is a rare and aggressive hematological malignancy primarily affecting adolescents and young adults and is scarce in infants and toddlers under age 3. Unlike B‐ALL, T‐ALL in this young population remains poorly characterized due to limited data and lacks evidence‐based guidelines to help clinicians determine the optimal treatment approach. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of infant/toddler T‐ALL cases from a French national cohort, utilizing high‐throughput targeted sequencing, optical genome mapping, and RNA sequencing. Genetic analysis revealed the absence of TLX1/3 dysregulation. Instead, we identified a significant prevalence of NKX2 rearrangements ( n = 9, 33%), co‐occurring with MYB alterations ( n = 5/9) or chromothripsis‐like events ( n = 3/9). Additional findings included TAL1/‐like anomalies (30%), STAG2::LMO2 (15%), ETS rearrangements (15%), and rarely, KMT2A rearrangements (7%). Comparative analyses with 245 patients aged 3–18 years, enrolled in the pediatric FRALLE2000T French protocol, underscored the distinct clinical and genetic profiles of infants/toddlers. Despite presenting with higher rates of hyperleukocytosis and slower responses to treatment, they demonstrated comparable survival outcomes to older pediatric patients, with a 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of 75.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.0%–94.8%) versus 75.2% (95% CI: 69.8%–81.1%), p = 0.86. Notably, alterations in NKX2 , KMT2A , and STAG2::LMO2 delineated oncogenic subgroups exhibiting a remarkable 100% OS rate, while patients with TAL1 or ETS dysregulation experienced less favorable outcomes. This was further supported by analyses of data from the COG AALL0434 trial, enhancing our understanding of T‐ALL in infants/toddlers. Large‐scale collaborative studies remain essential to confirm these findings and refine treatment strategies.
Assessment system for mathematics - F

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Creating a high quality standard of education has always been one of the top priorities for Singapore. Students are expected to maintain top grades in this competitive education sector. Professional educators and parents alike, have increasingly turned to external sources such as assessment books in hope that it gives more practice and helps the students to excel. With the bridging of education and Info-communication Technology (i.e. digital devices replacing traditional assessment books), online assessments have been in popular demand in recent years. It is not only convenient and cost efficient, it is environmentally friendly as well. However, current online assessment systems in the market have limitations in terms of providing flexibilities and dynamically expanding question repertoires. In this project, the developer aims to develop a Primary Two level question generator for Mathematics, in this way building an online platform where students can have a more interactive learning experience outside the books. This system will have the ability to generate questions randomly using a sample template type in the database, hence offering an unlimited number of questions (asked in numerous ways). It will also provide more visual guide for the lower primary standard learning. The developer also takes into account the flexibility of question type and solution expansions and ease of editing the database. The system was developed using Java, JSP, SQL, and HTML with the following platforms, Eclipse, MySQL Workbench, Tomcat Server.
Liver transplantation at the Miami Transplant Institute: a 14-year single-center experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical outcome of LT has improved significantly with refinements in surgical skill and immunosuppressive agents. Over the past decade, nationally most LT centers have improved their standard care in LT. As a result, short-term survival after LT has increased remarkably. However, recurrence of original liver disease, chronic rejection, and the adverse effect of immunosuppressive agents still impose significant limitations on long-term survival. Here at the MTI, it is our mission to continue technical innovation, improve the management of hepatitis C patients, search for better immunosuppressive protocols, and work towards achieving tolerance after LT to improve the long-term outcome.
A Case of Ruptured Internal Auditory Meatus Aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A ruptured aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) located in the internal auditory meatus is reported. A 43-year-old housewife suddenly had a severe headache with subsequent right hearing disturbance, nausea and vomiting. About sixteen hours from onset, the patient presented with clinical grade II (Hunt and Kosnik) and the aneurysm was clipped via the right suboccipital craniectomy. Three months after operation, the patient was fully alert and could walk alone except for the right hearing loss and mild right facial paresis.Nine cases with ruptured aneurysm of the distal AICA are reviewed in the literature. All ten cases are discussed with special reference to anatomical relationship between the aneurysmal neck and the internal auditory meatus, operative procedures and postoperative seventh and eighth cranial nerves function.
Acceleration of Electroreduction Reaction of Water-Soluble Selenium Compounds in the Presence of Methyl Viologen

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The addition of methyl viologen (MV2+) accelerates the reduction of Na2SeO3 not only in 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7) but also in 0.22 mol dm−3 sodium acetate buffer (pH 4). Water-insoluble red Se is dispersed in the vicinity of the electrode surface as the reduced product. Michaelis-Menten-type relationship is obtained between the reduction current and the concentration of Na2SeO3, suggesting that MV2+ molecules mediate the electron transfer from the electrode to HSeO3− or SeO32− dissolved in PBS. MV2+ is also effective in accelerating the reduction of SeO42−, which has already been reported to be electrochemically inactive.