jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Proteases in Aggressiveness of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer with a three‐year survival rate of 42% versus 85% for other breast cancers. IBC is an aggressive, metastatic and highly angiogenic form of locally advanced breast cancer that invades into lymphatics where it forms large cellular aggregates. Here we performed live‐cell imaging using a SUM149 model of human inflammatory breast cancer. We hypothesize that the invasion of IBC is dependent on proteolytic activity at the tumor cell surface and that proteases contribute to the formation of tumor cell aggregates within the lymphatics. We assessed proteolytic activity using our functional assay for proteolysis. Quantification on a per cell basis throughout the volume of IBC structures was performed. Briefly, cells were grown in 3D reconstituted basement membrane (rBM) overlay cultures in which the lower layer of rBM is mixed with DQ‐collagen IV. Fluorescent cleavage products arising from the degradation of the collagen IV substrate were imaged on a Leica TCS SP5 laser scanning confocal microscope. Fluorescence intensities from 3D reconstructions of optical sections were quantified using Metamorph and Volocity software. Incubating the 3D rBM overlay cultures of SUM149 with inhibitors that target different classes of protease indicated that matrix metalloproteases and perhaps the cysteine protease cathepsin B play roles in the invasiveness of IBC.
Frequency Response Simulation Analysis of Waveguide Photodetectors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In waveguide photodetectors the bandwidth and the quantum efficiency may be specified almost independently because the absorption of light is in the longitudinal direction whereas the current flows in the transversal direction. Then, these devices may combine high bandwidth with high quantum efficiency. In this paper a detailed numerical analysis of the frequency response of waveguide photodetectors is presented. The calculations show that the capacitive effects limit the bandwidth but that by an appropriate choice of a series inductance the maximum bandwidth almost doubles.
Screening of extracellular tannase-producing fungi: Development of a rapid and simple plate assay.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Fifty fungi belonging to various groups were screened for extracellular tannase.Among all the fungi tested Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus japonicus were the best producers (29.13 and 25.6 U/ml, respectively).The enzyme was produced within 48 h of growth when tannic acid was used as the sole source of carbon.The present paper describes a simple tannic acid agar which can be conveniently used for screening purposes since a high correlation coefficient exists between halo size and quantitative production of enzyme in broth.Tannase, tannin acyl hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.20),catalyzes the de-esterification of tannins to gallic acid and glucose.Many microorganisms (4,8) especially fungi are known to produce this enzyme both as membrane bound and extracellular forms.This enzyme is extremely important in the recycling of plant biomass (I1), in treating tannery effluents and also in the production of gallic acid, a chemical used in pharmaceuticals (6).To date, very few systems have been purified and characterized (1,7,9,10).The present paper deals with screening of fungi and the development of a simple plate assay for rapid screening of tannase-producing microbes.Fifty fungal cultures were obtained from the departmental stock culture collection and were screened for their tannase producing ability.Screening for tannase production was done in Czapek Dox's minimal medium containing commercial tannic acid (C76H42056) as the sole carbon source.The basal medium contained (gl-'): tannic acid 10; NaNO2, 6; KCI 0.52; MgSO4.7H2O0.52; KH2P04 1.52; Cu(N03)2.3H20traces; ZnSO4.7H2Otraces; FeS04.7H20traces.The solution of tannic acid was sterilized separately by passing through a membrane
[Enterolith ileus complicating jejunal diverticulosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jejunal diverticulosis is uncommon and usually asymptomatic. One of the rarest complications is ileus due to migrated enteroliths formed in the diverticula. We present a case of a 95-year-old man admitted with small bowel obstruction. During operation extensive jejunal diverticulosis was found along with intraluminal enteroliths causing obstruction of the ileum. An enterotomy was made and three 3 × 3 × 2 cm enteroliths were removed. The patient was discharged on the sixth post-operative day. Less than 50 similar cases have been reported worldwide.
Sex, Sin, and Social Policy: Religion and the Politics of Abstinence-Only Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the only industrialized country to legislate and federally fund abstinence-only-until-marriage programs as social policy, the United States stands out. It also stands out as the only industrialized country still embroiled in a debate over whether creationism should be taught in public schools. These two issues help reveal the dynamic interplay between religion and politics in the United States, and the role and power of conservative religious groups in shaping domestic and foreign policy, especially as it relates to education, reproductive and sexual health, and family issues. While evangelicals represent only 25 percent of the U.S. population, their influence on social policy has been significant. The recent court case in Dover, Pennsylvania (Tammy Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District et al. 2005 WL 578974 [MD Pa. 2005]) over the teaching of evolution and intelligent design and legal actions involving abstinence-only programs reveal the cultural and legal wars being waged over the role of science and religion. Conservative Christians have, in part, achieved their agenda by applying the brakes on research, education, and funding that could reduce the rates of teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion that are higher in the United States than any other industrialized country. This chapter outlines some of the court cases involving sexuality education but focuses primarily on the content, controversies, and consequences of abstinence-only approaches.KeywordsSexual HealthSexuality EducationTeen PregnancyComprehensive Sexuality EducationGuttmacher InstituteThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Effects of Synaptic Weight Diffusion on Learning in Decision Making Networks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When animals repeatedly choose actions from multiple alternatives, they can allocate their choices stochastically depending on past actions and outcomes. It is commonly assumed that this ability is achieved by modifications in synaptic weights related to decision making. Choice behavior has been empirically found to follow Herrnstein's matching law. Loewenstein & Seung (2006) demonstrated that matching behavior is a steady state of learning in neural networks if the synap-tic weights change proportionally to the covariance between reward and neural activities. However, their proof did not take into account the change in entire synaptic distributions. In this study, we show that matching behavior is not necessarily a steady state of the covariance-based learning rule when the synaptic strength is sufficiently strong so that the fluctuations in input from individual sensory neurons influence the net input to output neurons. This is caused by the increasing variance in the input potential due to the diffusion of synaptic weights. This effect causes an undermatching phenomenon, which has been observed in many behavioral experiments. We suggest that the synaptic diffusion effects provide a robust neural mechanism for stochastic choice behavior.
Organization of Personnel Training in the HR-Management System at Machine-Building Enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

HR management is one of the most important areas of a machine-building enterprise activity. The most important HR management functions are motivation, managing employee relations, training and development, managing employee’s quality. The personnel qualitative characteristics are reflected in the degree of professional and qualification suitability for work. Upgrading the skills of the enterprise’ personnel and their acquiring of new competencies should be based on lifelong learning system and continuous professional training. Personnel training are important part of the enterprise’s HR management system. It contributes to the development of organizational processes, the achievement of the enterprise’ goals and objectives. Personnel training aimed at their developing and motivating are a long-term investment in the enterprise employees.
New method for urea analysis in surface and tap waters with LC-OCD-OND (liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection–organic nitrogen detection)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| May 01 2011 New method for urea analysis in surface and tap waters with LC-OCD-OND (liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection–organic nitrogen detection) Stefan A. Huber; Stefan A. Huber 1DOC-LABOR, Eisenbahnstr. 6, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: doc@doc-labor.de Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Andreas Balz; Andreas Balz 1DOC-LABOR, Eisenbahnstr. 6, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Michael Abert Michael Abert 1DOC-LABOR, Eisenbahnstr. 6, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2011) 60 (3): 159–166. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.016b Article history Received: April 12 2010 Accepted: November 26 2010 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Stefan A. Huber, Andreas Balz, Michael Abert; New method for urea analysis in surface and tap waters with LC-OCD-OND (liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection–organic nitrogen detection). Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 May 2011; 60 (3): 159–166. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.016b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex A new method for urea detection in surface and tap waters using LC-OCD-OND was developed. It could be shown that urea, ammonia and nitrate could be separated chromatographically from each other and from NOM (natural organic matter). A direct quantification at its specific retention time is possible using custom-made detectors for nitrogen and for organic carbon. Further, urea can be detected indirectly as urea is transformed to ammonia after enzymatic hydrolysis with urease. After sufficient contact time for complete hydrolysis to ammonia (about 320 minutes) urea concentration can be calculated on the basis of the additional ammonia measured by LC-OCD-OND. The limit of detection of urea as mass was determined as 4 ppb for natural waters and 1 ppb for deionised waters. natural organic matter (NOM), organic carbon detection (OCD), organic nitrogen detection (OND), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), urea This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2011 You do not currently have access to this content.
The Role of the Pharmacist in Optimizing Outcomes With Roflumilast, a PDE4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of COPD

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose The pharmacology of roflumilast, recent dosing revisions, and the integral roles of pharmacists in effective chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management are reviewed here. Summary COPD is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and intermittent acute exacerbations of symptoms, which contribute to disease progression, worsening of comorbidities, and reduced health-related quality of life. Patients with COPD may use a variety of pharmacotherapies (in combination with nonpharmacological modalities) to prevent exacerbations, reduce the impact of symptoms, and reduce or prevent COPD progression. Given the complex and multifaceted nature of disease management, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to collaborate with other clinicians to improve treatment adherence and efficacy via a number of diverse avenues in patients with COPD. Central to this endeavor is patient education and counseling regarding their treatment regimen. Conclusion Recent findings from a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrate improved tolerability and reduced treatment discontinuation resulting from the use of an uptitration regimen in patients with severe COPD who initiate therapy with roflumilast. Pharmacists have a central role in effective COPD management, especially with respect to patient education about treatments.
Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expression During Calcium Homeostasis in E. coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Despite a wealth of knowledge regarding calcium’s role as secondary messenger in eukaryotic cells, relatively little is known about calcium homeostasis in bacteria. Our study employing molecular genetics and transcriptome analysis of calcium homeostasis previously exhibited a calcium regulation of gene expression in elevated or depleted calcium throughout E. coli genome. Here we report the results of our subsequent investigation into quantitative analysis using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) of gene expression in subsets of genes from wild-type and mutant strains with addition of calcium and chelation of calcium. Data from qRT-PCR reveal very high upregulation of genes yjeE and secA indicating their possible role as overactive calcium efflux systems in E. coli. Calcium is highly likely to be involved in stress response as evidenced by upregulation of marB in transposon mutants and by 10-fold induction of rpoS in elevated calcium condition in mutants defective in calcium transport. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 47-54
The role of vein grafts in reconstructive head and neck microsurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: Free tissue transfer is widely used for head and neck reconstruction. In certain circumstances, vein grafting is required to elongate free flap pedicles to connect them to appropriate recipient vessels. Because of controversy regarding the use of interposition vein grafts in free tissue reconstruction, this paper reports vein graft indications, techniques, safety, and outcomes for head and neck microvascular surgery. Methods: Twenty-six patients (23 men and 3 women) who underwent interposition vein grafting concurrent with free tissue transfer were included in this study. The most common reason for head and neck reconstruction with vein graft was tumor recurrence, followed by flap salvage. The interposition vein grafts were applied in two manners as temporary arteriovenous (A–V) loop and conduit to extend the length of the free flap for venous drainage. Results: The most common reconstructions were anterolateral thigh flaps (15 cases), followed by vastus lateralis myocutaneous (3 cases) and radial forearm (2 cases) flaps. The common recipient vessels were superior thyroid artery, superficial temporal artery and external jugular vein. The free flap loss rate was 7.7% with vein grafts and 4.9 without vein grafts (p = 0.380). The free flap complication rate was 50.0% and 16.8% in patients with and without vein grafts, respectively (p < 0.001). Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, prior neck dissection, and prior free flap transfer were more common in the vein graft group (all p < 0.001). The hospital stay was significantly longer for the vein graft group than for the non–vein graft group (29.5 vs. 19.0 days; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Overall free flap survival rates of 92.3% and 95.1% in the vein and non-vein graft groups, respectively – indicating the reliability of the vein grafts in challenging head and neck reconstructions, particularly in salvage cases and patients with multiple reconstructions. Level of evidence: Level 3.
Multitemporal analysis of the amazon river between Corea Island (Colombia) and Aramosa Island (Brazil)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of fluvial dynamics of the Amazon River between Corea Island (Colombia) and Aramosa Island (Brazil), northwest and southeast of Leticia, respectively, was carried out for a period of 18.1 years. The analysis was made using remote sensing image processing techniques applied to images acquired at different times. LANDSAT images were compared using the Brazilian Software SPRING with the method of unsupervised classification ISOSEG , to distinguish between land and water categories. LANDSAT scenes acquired on August 4 1986, November 20 1999 and September 14 2004 were selected from a database of 44 LANDSAT images based on minimal daily water level variations, with the largest temporal variation. The multitemporal analysis revealed moderate changes in the Amazon River's morphology. Increase of lateral accretion of islands (19,19%) and recent deposition (35,80%), over the period of time analyzed (18,1 years), indicate its depositional tendency. The percent migration rate (8,61%, 0,48%/year) and the maximum migration rate (133,56 m/year) suggest the current pattern for this reach of the Amazon River is meandering. This type of analysis provides important basic information for subsequent detailed geomorphological and sedimentological studies, and is an excellent tool for understanding the dynamics of holocene Amazon fluvial systems.
k-core (bootstrap) percolation on complex networks: Critical phenomena and nonlocal effects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We develop the theory of the k-core (bootstrap) percolation on uncorrelated random networks with arbitrary degree distributions. We show that the k-core percolation is an unusual, hybrid phase transition with a jump emergence of the k-core as at a first order phase transition but also with a critical singularity as at a continuous transition. We describe the properties of the k-core, explain the meaning of the order parameter for the k-core percolation, and reveal the origin of the specific critical phenomena. We demonstrate that a so-called ``corona'' of the k-core plays a crucial role (corona is a subset of vertices in the k-core which have exactly k neighbors in the k-core). It turns out that the k-core percolation threshold is at the same time the percolation threshold of finite corona clusters. The mean separation of vertices in corona clusters plays the role of the correlation length and diverges at the critical point. We show that a random removal of even one vertex from the k-core may result in the collapse of a vast region of the k-core around the removed vertex. The mean size of this region diverges at the critical point. We find an exact mapping of the k-core percolation to a model of cooperative relaxation. This model undergoes critical relaxation with a divergent rate at some critical moment.
Comparison of Protective Effects of Omega3 Fish Oil and Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root on Thioacetamide Induced Lipid Toxicity in Male Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Thioacetamide (TAA) is an experimental hepatoxin(Staňková et al,2010)which is a thiono-sulfur containing compound with liver damaging and carcinogenic activity.Shortly after administration,TAA undergoes metabolism to acetamide and thioacetamide-S-oxide by the mixed function oxid
Supplementary Tables 1-3 from Incident Cervical HPV Infections in Young Women: Transition Probabilities for CIN and Infection Clearance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Table 1A. 12, 24 and 36 month transition probabilities for incident HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58 and 59 infections without adjudication of CIN lesions positive for multiple HPV types. Table 1B. 12 and 24 month transition probabilities for incident HPV 16, 18, 31, 45, 52 and 58 infected CIN 1 lesions without adjudication of CIN lesions positive for multiple HPV types. Table 2A. Prevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 infections in CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions (data derived from placebo arms of all Phase III trials)Table 2B. Prevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 with and without other tested HPV types* in CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions (data derived from placebo arms of all Phase III trials). Table 3A. Distribution of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 in CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions testing positive for a concordant HPV type as observed in a prior or concurrent incident HPV 16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58/59 infection. Table 3B. Distribution of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 in CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions testing positive for a concordant HPV type as observed in a prior incident HPV 16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58/59 infected CIN 1 lesion.</p>
Prosthodontic Management of Inadequately Planned and Placed Implants

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This is the age of immediate implants and immediate loading of implants.For patients requiring extensive rehabilitation, extraction of severely decayed or periodontal week teeth is carried out, implants placed in planned location and the prior fabricated acrylic Fixed Partial Dentures (FPD) cemented to the implants.In the absence of planning, prior fabrication of temporary acrylic FPD and surgical template for implant placement in prior planned location, the patient has to go without teeth for a long time.A six month wait after extraction for implant placement, followed by a four month wait for osseo-intergration and about a month's time for designing and fabricating prosthesis.Further delays can occur if the implants are later found to be in prosthetically unfavorable positions and angulations.This case report is that of a patient whose demand for a fixed denture could not be met after the implants were found to be inadequate in number and were in unfavourable locations and angulations.Difficult situations like this can be managed by adequate patient counseling and altering the original treatment plan to fabricate a prosthesis that was logical for the current implant configuration.
The Importance of Being Stilicho: Diptychs as a Genre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity conferences traditionally have looked both at literal and metaphorical meanings and at different ways of approaching conventional topics. In this spirit, the very concept of 'frontiers' has been expanded to include not only traditional geographical frontiers, but also metaphorical frontiers relating to literature, philosophy and a multitude of other venues. Genres are classifications that are created by conventions that change over time as new genres are introduced and old are discarded. Most usually they apply to forms of literature or art. All Roman citizens had municipal citizenship in a civitas, which was their official patria, even if they were not living there at the time. Ethnic identification, which in the vast majority of surviving instances was manifested in epigraphical remains, most usually on epitaphs. The concept of geographical or ethnic identification overlapped with concepts of citizenship.