jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Original article Effect of cultural condition on seed growth and content of essential oil of two populations and one cultivar of genus Nigella

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nigella is an important genus of family Ranunculaceae, used in traditional medicine for centuries to cure diseases like cancer, cardiovascular complications, diabetes, asthma, kidney disease, etc.The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth and esssential oil content of one cu ltivar of Nigella sa tiv a L. (Cameli) a nd two cultiva rs of Nigella damascena L. (Ankara and Rize) populations under controlled conditions of Bolu.On average days to 50% seedling and flowering determined as 15.67-18.0days in 2017, 14.33-16.0days in 2018, 69.0-75.33 days in 2017, 65.67-75.33days in 2018, respectively.Seed weights per plant were 17.11-27.08g in 2017 and 11.51-12.43g in 2018; the 1000 seeds weights were between 2.18-2.84g in 2017 and 2.37-2.77g in 2018.Seed yield in the first year (38.02-60.18kg da -1 ) was higher than the yield in the second year (31.88-37.20 kg da -1 ).The essential oil content of the populations and cultivar was found to be very close to each other with 0.10-0.31%,and essent ial oil compositions were between 5.68-51.06%.The fatty oil rate in populations and cultivar varied between 20% and 29%, and fatty acid compositions were between 66.83-91.58%.The major inorganic matters were found a s K + (177.50-310.5 mg g -1 ) and Ca +2 (58.90-128.0mg g -1 ) and followed by Mg +2 and Na + .The plant height, the number of branches, the number of capsule and 1000-seed weight of populations varied according to years.Generally, as compared to populations and cultivar, the best results were obtained in N. sativa cultivar.
Changing roles of American cities : the case of electricity and transportation infrastructure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public infrastructure investment is decreasing as the economic and population influence of large American cities increases. Through the lens of the electricity and transportation sector infrastructure, this research explores how city staff in large American cities responds to the concurrent pressures of aging infrastructure and consistent growth. Three findings emerge from 25 semi-structured interviews with city staff and experts in the electricity and transportation sectors. First, cities are using market power to increase jurisdictional control in the electricity sector and leverage rapid technological change in the transportation sector. Second, the role of city staff is shifting from day-to-day constituent services (e.g., fixing potholes) to the identification and procurement of funds to move toward city priorities. The result is a feedback loop, ultimately increasing the city staff's influence on the electricity and transportation sectors. As the number of empowered internal staff grows, large and growing cities are experimenting with different organizational designs to maximize the influence of more diverse infrastructure funding. Third, while city actors are well-positioned to bring the voice of diverse communities into decisions to reduce structural inequalities driven by earlier infrastructure investments, challenges remain. This work implies that the city government's role in electricity and transportation markets is shifting from consumer to driver, triggering a re-thinking of how other market stakeholders, including other cities in the region, respond to city priorities. To the extent that the electricity and transportation sectors are indicators, this work implies that cities are actively leveraging their market power to expand beyond 20th-century jurisdictional roles. If standardized, there is potential that the city influence could bring the value of city-level community representation into more sectors.--Author's abstract
Relationship between morphology structure and composition of polycaprolactone/Poly(ethylene oxide)/Polylactide copolymeric microspheres

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel tri‐component copolymer, polycaprolactone/poly(ethylene oxide)/polylactide (PCEL) was synthesized. The effect of the chemical composition on physical properties was investigated by using NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction. Both the soft segment poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polycaprolactone (PCL) could enhance the mobility of polymer chains and decrease the crystallizability of the copolymers. The polymeric microspheres, which are of interest for drug delivery systems, were prepared using an emulsification‐solvent evaporation technique. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface morphology of the microspheres was studied. It was found that the presence of PEO segment could improve the hydrophilicity of the copolymers and the morphology of the polymeric microspheres could be altered by adjusting the chemical composition. The accumulation of PEO segments on the outer surface of the polymeric microspheres was proven by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It had also been proven that the PCL segment could facilitate the movement of PEO segment to the outer surface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1.6.2 Formalizing a Structured Natural Language Requirements Specification Notation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Requirements specification notations are developed by organizations in order to meet their specific needs. For example, the Threads‐Capabilities notation, an in house notation at Raytheon Systems Canada, Ltd., has been developed and used for specifying their complex, large scale, air traffic control systems. It is a semi‐formal, structured, natural language notation. In this work, we investigate how to make this semi‐formal notation more rigorous (i.e., formal) by developing and applying a new formalization process to it. By doing this, we can obtain the advantages of formal methods (precise, unambiguous, automatic generation of test specifications, automated typechecking, etc.) while retaining the style and readability of the original notation. We call the formalized notation the Stimulus Response Requirements Specification (SRRS) notation. Our results have been successful for the specific notation. The formalized notation has been demonstrated to reduce the time and improve the quality of the requirements specifications. There is additional training time, however, needed to learn to use the notation and tools.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated to Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: The ICARO-2 Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purposes: In a case-control study in patients with acute ischemic \nstroke and extracranial internal carotid artery (eICA) occlusion, thrombolytic \ntreatment was associated with increased mortality. The aim of this cohort study \nwas to assess the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis in patients with eICA \nocclusion compared to those without eICA occlusion. Methods: Consecutive patients \ntreated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator within 4.5 h from \nsymptom onset included in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke - \nInternational Stroke Thrombolysis Registry (SITS-ISTR) in 20 Italian centres were \nanalyzed. Acute carotid occlusion was diagnosed using ultrasound examination, \nangio-CT scan or angio-MRI. Since the SITS-ISTR database did not plan to report \nthe site of vessel occlusion, each participating center provided the code of the \npatient with eICA occlusion. Patients were divided into 2 groups, those with and \nthose without eICA occlusion. Main outcome measures were: death, disability \n(modified Rankin Scale, mRS, 3-6) and any intracranial bleeding at 3 months. \nMultiple logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal predictors for main \noutcomes. The following variables of interest were included in the analysis: \npresence of eICA occlusion, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, \natrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, previous stroke, current smoking, \nantiplatelet treatment at stroke onset, baseline NIHSS score, baseline blood \nglucose, cholesterol and blood pressure, history of hypertension and stroke onset \nto treatment time. Results: A total of 1,761 patients without eICA occlusion and \n137 with eICA occlusion were included in the study. At 3 months, 42 patients were \nlost to follow-up (3 with eICA occlusion). Death occurred in 30 (22.4%) patients \nwith eICA occlusion and in 175 (10.2%) patients without (p < 0.0001). Death or \ndisability at 3 months occurred in 91 of 134 patients with eICA occlusion (67.9%) \ncompared with 654 of 1,722 patients without eICA occlusion (37.9%, p < 0.0001). \nNo or minimal disability at 3 months (mRS 0-1) was reported in 25 (18.7%) \npatients with eICA occlusion and in 829 (48.2%) patients without (p < 0.0001). \nAny intracranial bleeding detected by CT or MRI at posttreatment imaging was seen \nin 16 (11.7%) patients with eICA occlusion and in 314 (17.8%) of those without (p \n= 0.09). The proportion of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was 5.8% for \npatients with eICA occlusion and 8.0% for patients without (p = 0.16). At \nlogistic regression analysis, eICA occlusion was associated with mortality (odds \nratio, OR 5.7; 95% confidence interval, CI 2.9-11.1) and mortality or disability \n(OR 5.0; 95% CI 2.9-8.7) at 90 days. Conclusions: This cohort study in patients \nwith acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombolysis showed an association \nbetween eICA occlusion and adverse outcome.
A Comparative Study on the Operation of New Elementary Teacher Training Program and Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

[연구목적] 본 연구의 목적은 현재 운영되고 있는 신규 초등교사 연수 프로그램의 운영 및 교육과정을 중심으로 현행 초등 신규교사 임용후보자 직무연수의 특성을 비교 분석하여 개선 방향을 제시함에 있다. [연구방법] 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 전국 17개 교육연수원에서 설계하여 운영하고 있는 신규임용예정자 연수를 문헌분석을 통해 비교 분석 하였다. [연구결과] 연구 결과, 신규임용예정자 연수의 형태는 다음과 같이 공통된 특성을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 신규임용예정자 연수의 중요함을 인식하고 5일 이상 기간과 합숙 중심의 연수를 지향하고 있다. 둘째, 신규교사로서 기본적으로 갖추어야할 역량 함양 프로그램을 교육과정에 종합적으로 편성하고 있다. 셋째, 다양한 교육현장 정보를 공유하고 개인의 생각을 자유롭게 표현하는 연수 방식으로 진행하고 있다. [결론] 연구결과에 따라 신규임용예정자 연수의 연수 내용 및 운영 방향을 6가지로 제안하였다. 다만, 본 연구는 직무 연수 계획 및 운영 자료로 한정되어 접근했기 때문에 실제 운영 측면에서의 문제와 개선 방향을 제시하는 데에는 한계가 있을 수 있으며, 이를 보완하기 위한 후속 연구를 기대한다.[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the characteristics of current elementary school teachers’ job training, [Methods] Literature analysis was conducted based on the new elementary teacher training program plan. [Results] Based on the results of the study, suggestions for improving the training of new appointees are as follows. First, it should be reinforced with various contents - coping ability and problem-solving - oriented training contents in inter teacher & student interaction. Second, we should consider the characteristics (fear and demand) of the new teacher in the step of teacher growth (development). Third, it should be centered on cultivating useful and important core competencies within a limited number of hours. Fourth, the basic course at the national level should be systematically presented, and a training program should be run that characterizes policy directions and tasks for each province. Fifth, interactive debate and dialogue should be strengthened so as to achieve abundant indirect experience and consciousness growth in the teaching profession. Sixth, it is necessary to systemize the job training according to the step of teaching growth (development) and to improve the training through continuous monitoring after the training of the new appointment. [Conclusion] According to the results of the study, six types of training contents and management directions for the new prospective candidate training are proposed. But, this study is limited to job training plan and operation data, there is a limit to suggest problems and improvement direction in actual operation side. Therefore, it is necessary to have various approaches to improve the system of job training.
Mucinous urothelial‐type adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of mucinous urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a 68-year-old man is reported. This is a rare neoplasm which probably originates from the proximal prostatic ducts or the prostatic urethra. This tumor does not express prostate-specific antigen, in contrast to the more common mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and may be misdiagnosed as a secondary, mainly colorectal, tumor. Clinical examinations and immunohistochemistry may help in the differential diagnosis. Owing to local recurrences two transurethral resections of the prostate were performed in our patient during 3 years of follow-up. He died from this tumor 40 months after the first biopsy.
Penyuluhan Tentang Makanan Pendamping Asi Dengan Status Gizi Balita

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health education is a health education activity, which is carried out by spreading messages, instilling beliefs, so that people are not only aware, know and understand, but are also willing and able to make recommendations related to health. Mother's Milk (ASI) is the best food for babies, so ASI plays a role in the baby's body's defense system to prevent various diseases, every drop of breast milk also contains minerals and enzymes to prevent disease and antibodies which are more effective compared to the content contained in milk formulas. The emergence of nutritional problems is multifactorial, therefore the approach and solution must be from several factors. The method of this activity is by lecturing which means a method of delivering health messages orally and accompanied by questions and answers and of course distributing leaflets to mothers and then counseling, evaluating activities, namely distributing pre-posttest questionnaires. The results of the increase were obtained by increasing the mother's knowledge about the nutritional status of the child.
Case Report: Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) in a 13-Month-Old Female

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis or LCH and Myelodysplastic syndrome or MDS in children are rare diseases. It is estimated to be 1 to 4 cases per 1 million population and less than 5% of hematologic cases. MDS in LCH can occur due to genetic predisposition, impaired cytokine production, or secondary to chemotherapy.Â The article reported a patient case of a 13-month-old female who came to hospital with paleness since two weeks before admission. The patient also experienced skin redness, abdominal distention, and weight loss. From the physical examination, anemia, maculopapular rash, and hepatosplenomegaly were obtained. From the laboratory test, anemia of hypochromic anisopoikilocytosis, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia were obtained. On examination of bone marrow aspiration, MDS with Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood type or RCC was obtained. Positive results confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis on CD68 and S100 in histopathological examinations.
Historical Context

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the historical context of Ken Russell's The Devils (1973), as the timing of the first appearance of the film is of great importance in a way which spreads out way beyond the confines of the cinema screen. Despite its firm seventeenth-century setting—and its ongoing relevance—The Devils is very much a film for 1971, and its ideas about spirituality said much about the time in which the film was released. Uncomfortable parallels could also be made with the Troubles in Northern Ireland; this conflict, for which both politics and religion provided much of the fuel, had been underway for some time when The Devils was released. And with the world only starting to recover from the Manson murders, which were deemed to have been committed in order to ignite a race war, the film also served up a scarcely needed reminder of the case's chief bogeyman in the form of Father Barré. Audiences in 1971 certainly had plenty to think about, and The Devils did not provide an easy evening of escapism. The film had much to say to the audience of its time, and the vexatious nature of its message endures to the present day.
A phase II trial of lenalidomide, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide for newly diagnosed patients with systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Immunomodulatory drugs have been shown to be of benefit in relapsed/refractory immunoglobulin light‐chain ( AL ) amyloidosis. We designed a prospective, multicentre phase II trial of lenalidomide, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide for newly diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis not eligible for autologous stem‐cell transplantation. Twenty‐eight patients were included in the study. Cardiac involvement was present in 23 patients; 14 of them had cardiac stage III . The overall haematological response rate was 46%, including complete and very good partial responses in 25% and 18% of patients respectively. Haematological response was mainly associated with absence of cardiac stage III and lower tumour burden. Organ response was observed in 46% of patients. After a median follow‐up of 24 months, median progression‐free and overall survival have not been reached, both being significantly longer in responders ( P < 0·001 and P = 0·001 respectively). Seventeen patients have discontinued treatment, mostly due to amyloid‐related death, disease progression or lack of response. Only 14% of the patients discontinued treatment due to therapy‐related adverse events. Our results support the efficacy of this regimen, with high quality responses and prolonged survival, as well as its tolerability, in patients with AL amyloidosis not eligible for stem cell transplant and without advanced cardiac involvement (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01194791).
IOT AUDIO SENSOR NETWORKS AND DECISION TREES FOR ENHANCED RAIN SOUND CLASSIFICATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurately classifying rain sounds is essential in the field of climate investigation and environmental monitoring for understanding rainfall patterns, intensity, and how it affects ecosystems and urban infrastructure. This research presents a new method for rain sound classification combines decision trees (DTs) algorithms with networks of Internet of Things (IoT) audio sensors. To record ambient noises, particularly those caused by precipitation, the system makes use of a dispersed network of inexpensive IoT audio sensors placed in different places. A DTs algorithm, trained on a broad dataset including varying rain intensities and background sounds, is then applied by a central processing unit (CPU) to these recordings. When compared to more conventional approaches, experimental findings show the technique significantly improves rain sound classification accuracy, especially when it comes to differentiating between moderate and mild rain sounds and ambient noise. Automated weather alarm systems, urban drainage management, agricultural planning, and real-time rainfall monitoring are some of the potential uses for the proposed system. It helps advance environmental science, meteorology, and smart city projects by using IoT and machine learning to provide more accurate and faster rainfall data, which is essential for infrastructure planning and decision-making.
Development of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys by Rapid Solidification Route

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The ongoing drive to innovations has led to an array of highly adaptive structures called Smart Materials. Shape memory actuators based on Nitinol (NiTi alloys)and others comprised of thermal mode of actuation between marten-sitic and austenitic state during heating and cooling cycles which yield to slower response times. Such applic-ation constraints led to the development of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMAs) that undergo magnetic field induced reversible martensite to austenite transformation through rearrangement of the martensite variants bringing about an overall change of shape. The faster mode of actuation through magnetic field has opened the scope of these alloys in highly potential areas like aircrafts (active flow controls), biomedicals (micro-pumps) and robotics(latches, valves etc). For such magnetic micro-electro-mechanical systems (MagMEMS), NiMnGa alloys were the first known materials. These materials are convent-ionally prepared by crystal growth tehcniques that are not only prone to defecs, expensive and also time consuming. Hence, the need for an easier and less expensive method of processing techniques led to some recent consuming. Hence, the need for an easier and less expensive method of proc-essing techniques led to some recent investigations on the use of rapid solidification technique by melt spinning for the preparation of FSMAs in the form of ribbons. The effort was to obtain a disordered state far away from equilibrium stoichiometry which can modify transformation behaviour and thermomechanical characteristics.
Does Metallicity affect Protoplanetary Disk Fraction? Answers from the Outer Milky Way

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The role of metallicity in shaping protoplanetary disk evolution remains poorly comprehended. This study analyzes the disk fraction of 10 young (0.9-2.1 Myr) and low-metallicity (0.34-0.83 Z$_{\odot}$) clusters located in the outer Milky Way with Galactocentric distances between 10 and 13 kpc. Using $JHK$ data obtained from UKIDSS, the calculated disk fraction values for low-mass stars (0.2-2 M$_{\odot}$) ranged from 42% to 7%. To enhance the statistical reliability of our analysis, eight additional low-metallicity clusters are sourced from previous studies with metallicity range 0.25-0.85 Z$_{\odot}$ along with our sample, resulting in a total of 18 regions with low-metallicity. We find that low-metallicity clusters exhibit on average $2.6\pm0.2$ times lower disk fraction compared to solar-metallicity clusters in all the age bins we have. Within the age range we can probe, our study does not find evidence of faster disk decay in sub-solar metallicity regions compared to solar-metallicity regions. Furthermore, we observe a positive correlation between cluster disk fraction and metallicity for two different age groups of 0.3-1.4 and 1.4-2.5 Myr. We emphasize that both cluster age and metallicity significantly affect the fraction of stars with evidence of inner disks.
Mutual Fund Trading Pressure: Firm‐Level Stock Price Impact and Timing of SEOs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT We use price pressure resulting from purchases by mutual funds with large capital inflows to identify overvalued equity. This is a relatively exogenous overvaluation indicator as it is associated with who is buying—buyers with excess liquidity—rather than what is being purchased. We document substantial stock price impact associated with purchases by high‐inflow mutual funds, and find the probability of a seasoned equity offering (SEO), insider sales, and the probability of a stock‐based acquisition increase significantly in the four quarters following the mutual fund buying pressure. These results provide new evidence that firm managers are able to identify and exploit overvalued equity.