jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exodus 4:24–26: A Textual Re-Examination

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Complicating the exegesis of this difficult passage are certain textual problems with which this present submission is to be concerned. With the Masoretic Text of v. 24 — way e hî badderek bammālôn wayyipg e šēhû YHWH way e baqqēš h a mîtô — the Versions are in substantial agreement. The Syriac text twice inserts ‘Moses’ into this verse, as the subject of the sentence and as the object of mût , but this is an obvious intrusion designed to clarify a difficult context, while the Targum (expectedly) and the Old Greek prefix an equivalent for Heb. mal'āk before YHWH . It is probable that the double mention of a setting (i.e. badderek/bammālôn ) is the preservation of two ancient variants. J. Morgenstern, who with others, has rightly noted this, draws attention to the peculiarity of the article with mlwn (i.e. bammālon), since the contextual situation is generally vague and in a journey of many days there may have been several such stops, though on the other hand the article with derek occasions no difficulty since the journey as a whole is referred to. Morgenstern preferred to read bammālôn as a nominal form from the root mûl , translating ‘now upon the journey, at the circumcision Yahweh attacked him (i.e., the child) and sought to kill him.’
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemical and histological studies are often unable to differen tiate chronic extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (due to calculi, neoplasia, or stricture) from chronic intrahepatic obstructive jaundice (caused by primary biliary cirrhosis or by drugs, . notably anabolic steroids and phenothiazine derivatives). Oral and intravenous cholangiography are also ineffective when the serum bilirubin is greater than 2-3 mg./100 ml. In such circumstances percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography may be useful, since this method can demonstrate the dilated intra hepatic biliary system which develops in chronic extrahepatic obstruction ; while a negative result may remove the need for laparotomy in a patient with hepatocellular disease. Since Atkinson et al. (1960) remarked on the revival of interest in this investigation numerous authors (Santos et al., 1960 ; Kaplan, et al., 1961 ; Shaldon et al., 1962 ; Arner et al., 1962 ; Flemma et al., 1963) have agreed on its value. Only one of these reports has come from this country, and the British Medical Journal (1964) suggests that percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography has still to gain general acceptance in Great Britain. This report of a small series with a case history and a brief survey of recent studies may be of interest.
A Survey of Qatari Secondary School Seniors: Methods and Results

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Presents the results of a survey of Qatari students enrolled in their final year of secondary school concerning their attitudes about further education and future work plans. Although males and females agreed on the importance of post-secondary education, they differed on their intention to pursue it. Qatar should try to attract more males into post-secondary education and training and to remove constraints on female labor force participation.
Lightning‐induced electron precipitation events observed at L ∼ 2.4 as phase and amplitude perturbations on subionospheric VLF signals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Lightning‐induced electron precipitation (LEP) events are studied using the Trimpi effect, in which the precipitation‐induced ionization enhancements in the lower ionosphere ( D region) give rise to rapid perturbations of subionospheric VLF signals. In 1983, the phase and amplitude of signals from the NPM transmitter in Hawaii (23.4 kHz) and the Omega transmitter in Argentina (12.9 kHz) were measured at Palmer, Antarctica ( L ∼ 2.4), together with the magnetospheric whistler background. The long baseline and over‐sea great circle paths from these two sources make it possible for the observed perturbations to be interpreted using a single waveguide mode theory. Analytical expressions are used to relate the magnitude of the phase perturbations to differential changes in ionospheric reflection height along a segment of the propagation path. The predicted relationship between relative perturbation sizes on the two different signals is compared with measurements. From this information, the whistler‐induced flux levels are inferred to be in the 10 −4 − 10 −2 erg cm −2 s −1 range and the precipitation regions are inferred to be roughly “circular” in shape, rather than elongated along L shells. Measured amplitude changes tended to be small (∼ 0.5 dB) and negative, as expected from a single‐mode theory, but the ratios of simultaneous amplitude and phase perturbations were slightly larger than the theory predicts, probably due to the effects of an additional mode(s). An assessment of the relative detectability of amplitude versus phase perturbations favors phase perturbations by ∼ 10 dB, irrespective of the detection scheme used.
Functional status at 30 and 90 days after mild ischaemic stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/objective This study compares the global disability status of patients who had a mild ischaemic stroke at 30 and 90 days poststroke, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and identifies predictors of change in disability status between 30 and 90 days. Methods The study population included 1339 patients who had a ischaemic stroke enrolled in the Mild and Rapidly Improving Stroke Study with National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke score 0–5 and mRS measurements at 30 and 90 days. Outcomes were (1) Improvement defined as having mRS >1 at 30 days and mRS 0–1 at 90 days OR mRS >2 at 30 days and mRS 0–2 at 90 days and (2) Worsening defined as an increase of ≥2 points or a worsening from mRS of 1 at 30 days to 2 at 90 days. Demographic and clinical characteristics at hospital arrival were abstracted from medical records, and regression models were used to identify predictors of functional improvement and decline from 30 to 90 days post-stroke. Significant predictors were mutually adjusted in multivariable models that also included age and stroke severity. Results Fifty-seven per cent of study participants had no change in mRS value from 30 to 90 days. Overall, there was moderate agreement in mRS between the two time points (weighted kappa=0.59 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.62)). However, worsening on the mRS was observed in 7.54% of the study population from 30 to 90 days, and 17.33% improved. Participants of older age (per year OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03), greater stroke severity (per NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) point at admission OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), and those with no alteplase treatment (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.69) were more likely to show functional decline after mutual adjustment. Discussion A quarter of all mild ischaemic stroke participants exhibited functional changes between 30 and 90 days, suggesting that the 30-day outcome may insufficiently represent long-term recovery in mild stroke and longer follow-up may be clinically necessary. Trial registration number NCT02072681 .
From natural marine bacteria and fungi to culturable ones: What affects their bioactivity?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Marine bacteria and fungi have been known as sources of drug candidates. Novel natural products discovery derived from marine bacteria and fungi has been boosted in the last decades. This review discusses the challenges of culturing marine bacteria and fungi taken from their natural habitat into laboratory-scale culturable ones. Since, not all bacteria and fungi, when they are taken from their natural habitat and grown in a laboratory setting, are culturable. This review will also discuss possible solutions to overcome those challenges. Targeted bioactivity relies on the marine bacterial and fungal growth, especially due to the capability on producing the intended natural products. From this review, some important factors that must be taken into consideration to have optimal bacterial and fungal growth are genes and their variation in a species, media composition, and growth condition.
Beauty and the Sources of Discrimination

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We analyze discrimination against less attractive people on a TV game show with high stakes. The game has a rich structure that allows us to disentangle the relationship between attractiveness and the determinants of a player's earnings. Unattractive players perform no worse than attractive ones, and are equally cooperative in the prisoner's dilemma stage of the game. Nevertheless, they are substantially more likely to be eliminated by their peers, even though this is costly. We investigate third party perceptions of discrimination by asking subjects to predict elimination decisions. Subjects implicitly assign a role for attractiveness but underestimate its magnitude.
The Rule, Not the Exception: One-Party Monopolies in the American States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Thousands of studies have examined party competition in the American states, finding significant consequences for voter turnout, policy adoptions, and more. Long-term patterns of party control have received less attention. Here, we reexamine the operationalization of party competition. We then update Klarner’s state partisan balance data to include state house and senate composition and gubernatorial vote share since the 1930s, adding—in light of the nationalization of American politics—presidential vote share and the proportion of Democrats in each state’s congressional delegation. After establishing a threshold for one-party dominance, we examine the frequency and duration of subnational party monopolies, highlighting regional variations in the relationship between the state and national measures and applying the index to voter turnout. Our analysis reveals that extended periods of one-party dominance – currently on the uptick – are the rule, not the exception, in the American states and are a phenomenon ripe for further exploration.
Fort Wayne Area Interprofessional Consortium for Health Care Education: Interprofessional Education Seminar Series

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This resource is a series of three team-based educational activities to foster interprofessional education. Session 1 provides an introduction to interprofessional education and health care. Session 2 discusses the BATHE (Background, Affect, Trouble, Handling, and Empathy) model of psychosocial interviewing. Session 3 covers root cause analysis. The general model for the activities was a light dinner, a networking session, and a plenary session. Teams worked together in breakout sessions (preserving the membership of the teams for longitudinal experience). The whole group reconvened for sharing between groups, debriefing, and announcement of the next session. Faculty provided the structure for the plenary sessions but involvement during team session was only to keep teams on task, watch time, and answer questions that learners could not answer. Faculty facilitated the debriefings. Each seminar lasted 1.5 hours including the dinner. This resources provide the materials for each of the three sessions.
Impact of different developer concentrations for advanced packaging photolithography

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Enhancement of developing effect with Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) of different concentration beneficially enhances the contour effect of Photo-resist (PR) after development. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) of different concentration is used to evaluate the developing effect on different photo-resist with different thicknesses and critical dimensions. Fabricated with similar patterned wafers; wall profiles and thickness measurement were compared at post development. Volume of developer applied denotes the reduction in chemical consumption and cycle time reduction.
Molecular basis of resistance to bensulfuron-methyl and cross-resistance patterns to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Ludwigia prostrata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ludwigia prostrata is a problematic weed in rice fields in China, where acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides (e.g., bensulfuron-methyl) are widely used for the management of broadleaf weeds. Recently, an L. prostrata biotype (JS-R) that failed to be controlled with ALS-inhibiting herbicides was found in Jiangsu Province, China. This study aims to determine the level and molecular mechanism of resistance to bensulfuron-methyl in this JS-R biotype and to evaluate its spectrum of cross-resistance to other ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The dose–response assays indicated that the JS-R L. prostrata biotype had evolved 21.2-fold resistance to bensulfuron-methyl compared with the susceptible biotype (JS-S). ALS gene sequencing revealed that a nucleotide mutation (CCA to TCA) at codon 197, resulting in a Pro-197-Ser mutation, was detected in the resistant plants. Moreover, while the JS-R biotype contained the Pro-197-Ser resistance mutation and showed cross-resistance to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (12.0-fold), it was sensitive to penoxsulam, bispyribac-sodium, and imazethapyr, which may serve as alternative herbicides to control the resistant L. prostrata biotype. This is the first confirmation of an L. prostrata biotype resistant to bensulfuron-methyl due to a Pro-197-Ser resistance mutation in the ALS gene.
Scleral modifications in <i>Lrp2</i><sup><i>FoxG1</i>.<i>cre-KO</i></sup> mutant eyes.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>Nissl staining of retinal sections in control (<b>A</b>) and mutant (<b>B</b>) eyes shows reduced scleral thickness at P90. The choroid and occasionally the RPE appear thicker at the posterior pole of the mutant eyes. Transmission electron micrographs of the posterior sclera wall (<b>C, D</b>) shows that the collagen fibrils form well-organized lamellae in the control sclera (<b>C</b>); in the mutant fibril-poor areas and impaired packing are evident (<b>D</b>). Contrary to the control sclera the collagen fibril density is lower in all layers of the mutant sclera (<b>E</b>). Transmission electron micrographs showed fibril collagen organization within a lamella of the posterior sclera (<b>F, H</b>) and in localized areas (<b>G, I</b>) of control (<b>F, G</b>) and mutant (<b>H, I</b>). Fibrils were morphologically abnormal with irregular contours and heterogeneous diameters in the mutants. Measurements of cross-sectional diameters of fibrils from the inner, middle and outer posterior sclera in control (<b>J</b>) and mutant eyes (<b>K</b>). The mean fibril diameter distribution is modified in the mutants in all three layers; the frequency of very small as well large diameter fibrils is increased. (ch) choroid, (fb) fibroblast, (Lg) longitudinal and (Tr) transversal orientation of the cross-sectioned fibrils. Two-tailed unpaired <i>t</i> test was used. ***<i>P</i><0.001, Values are mean ± SEM of 3 animals per genotype; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129518#sec009" target="_blank">methods</a>. Scale bars: 50 μm in A, B; 3.5 μm in C, D; 1.2 μm in F, H; 300 nm in G, I.</p>
The European Union and Turkey’s regional policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter deals with the misfit between the European Union (EU) regional development policy and the Turkish practice by looking at the EU requirements and the Turkish case in pre-accession process. It analyzes the Europeanization process taking place at the regional development domain. The chapter explains the outcomes of the process. The mechanism of Europeanization is a mechanism of lesson-drawing, where the EU provides the benchmark and basic guidelines and expects the member states or potential member states to find the best practice in line with EU standards. In terms of the mechanism of change triggered by Europeanization, it is possible to argue that the outcome of the process depends on the domestic institutional structure and position of the major political actors. In Turkish regional policy reform case, the EU membership prospects and financial instruments of pre-accession have triggered a policy transfer by which Turkey tried to reform its regional development policy according to the principles provided by the EU.
Modulation of the electromagnetic local density of states in graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We theoretically investigate the electromagnetic local density of states (EM-LDOS) within the proximity of graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) that are alternately stacked with graphene and silicon carbide (SiC) by using effective medium theory (EMT). Compared with that in graphene-covered SiC bulk, two broad bands appear in the EM-LDOS spectrum because of the occurrence of hyperbolic modes in HMM. EM-LDOS can be tuned by the chemical potential of graphene and the thickness of SiC. It can be exactly calculated using the transfer matrix method (TMM). We show that the results obtained using TMM are consistent with those obtained using EMT when the distance from HMM is larger than the thickness of SiC. When the width of SiC is sufficiently thick, EM-LDOS is equivalent to that of graphene-covered SiC bulk.
Molecular and Biochemical Studies of Gamma Irradiated Rates Treated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Natural Antioxidant

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation (MSCs) and natural antioxidant such as silymarin have been postulated as hepato-protectors against ionizing radiation induced harm. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of (MSCs) and silymarin to ameliorate damage caused by gamma radiation. Materials and methods: Three days before irradiation, rats were given silymarin at a dose of 70 mg/kg dissolved in distilled water and continued for another 21 days. One day after gamma irradiation at a dose level of 4Gy, male rats were transplanted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) through intravenous injection. Results: One and three weeks after irradiation, irradiated animals receiving transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) and silymarin seperatly or with each other exhibited a pronounced elevation in liver antioxidant such as Glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione –S- transferase (GST), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDase) activity accompanied with significantdecline in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels in comparing with irradiated rats. Moreover, RAPD-PCR with primers OP-B10 and OP-B14 exhibited strong and different banding patterns in all treated rats compared to untreated control rats after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Treatment with MSCs and silymarin possess a radio protective capacity against ionizing-radiation induced oxidative stress and organ injury.
Peran Pemoderasi Corporate Business Risk Terhadap Hubungan CSR Disclosure, Integrated Reporting, Dan Corporate Reputation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many companies with capabilities in the midst of an uncertain economy due to the Covid-19 pandemic that is currently sweeping the world and especially in Indonesia have also had an impact, these companies are trying to maintain their business activities. In connection with the ero-carbon issue proclaimed by the G20 countries, many private companies are now developing what is called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This study aims to analyze (1) the effect of CSR disclosure on corporate reputation (2) the effect of integrated reporting on corporate reputation. (3) The role of Corporate Business Risk as a moderator of the Effect of CSR Disclosure on Corporate Reputation. (4) The role of Corporate Business Risk as a moderator of the Impact of Integrated Reports on Corporate Reputation. By using purposive sampling with the criteria of banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in a row for the 2016-2020 period, Companies that consistently publish annual reports during the 2016-2021, Companies that have been audited by a Public Accounting Firm in the 2016-2020. The results of the research show that the Integrated Report has an effect on Corporate Reputation but CSR Disclosure has no effect on Corporate reputation. Then Corporate Business Risk moderates the effect of Integrated Report on Corporate Reputation but does not moderate the effect of CSR Disclosure on Corporate Reputation
Schanuel''s lemma, the snake lemma, and product and direct sum in $H_v$-modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we find a generalization of the snake lemma and Schanuel&#039;s lemma in $H_v$-modules. We define the isomorph sequences and determine the conditions to split the exact sequences in $H_v$-modules. Some interesting results on these concepts are given.
Accountability in Accounting? The Politics of Private Rule-Making in the Public Interest

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over recent decades governments have increasingly delegated domestic and international regulatory functions to private-sector agents. This article examines the reasons for such delegation and how private agents differ from public ones, and then analyzes the politics of regulation post delegation. It argues that the key difference between delegation to a public agent and delegation to a private one is that in the latter case a multiple-principals problem emerges that is qualitatively different from the one usually considered in the literature. An agent's action will be determined by the relative tightness of competing principal–agent relationships. This tightness is a function of the relative importance of each principal for the agent's financial and operational viability as well as its effectiveness in rule making. Further, the article posits that exogenous changes in the macro-political climate can deeply affect the nature of principal–agent relationships. The authors test their hypotheses about the politics of regulation in the postdelegation period through the study of accounting standards setting in the United States, a case of delegation of regulatory authority to a private agent that goes back to the New Deal era and has received renewed public attention in the wake of recent corporate financial scandals.
Quantum proxy signature with provable security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A quantum proxy signature scheme makes the proxy signer can generate a quantum signature on behalf of the original signer. Although many quantum proxy signature schemes have been proposed, none of them can be formally proved to be secure. There is not even security model for the quantum proxy signatures. Some quantum proxy signature schemes have been proved to be insecure against forgery attacks. In this paper, first, the formal definition and the corresponding security model for the quantum proxy signatures are proposed. Second, based on the Hadamard operator and the controlled NOT operation, a new quantum proxy signature scheme is proposed. The security of our quantum proxy signature scheme can be formally proved under security model. The security model of the quantum proxy signatures is helpful for analyzing and improving the security of the quantum proxy signature schemes. On the other hand, compared with the other quantum proxy signatures, the new one proposed in this paper is the first that can be formally proved to be secure under security model.