jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Low-Cost Monitoring System and Operating Database for Quality Control in Small Food Processing Industry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of completely automated systems for collecting sensor data with the aim of monitoring and controlling the quality of small-scale food processes is not widespread. Small and micro-enterprises usually do not carry out their own precompetitive research or prototype development as regards to automation technologies. This study proposes a web-based, low-cost monitoring and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system whose kernel is available for free, as a possible solution that could be adopted by these food producers. It is mainly based on open SW/HW so as its configuration is adaptable to the application and type of plant. It presents a modular architecture and its main functionalities encompass the acquisition, management, aggregation and visualization of process data, providing an operating database. It also provides food tracking and process quality control: The time series are browsable due to QR-Code generation and different early warning detection strategies are implemented. A tool for solving migration problems based on Fick’s equation is offered as a packaging decision support system.
The Effectiveness of Open Educational Resources to Improve Access and Learning in an Electricity Course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A primary motivation for using Open Educational Resources (OERs) is to increase access by reducing students’ financial burden. While this was a motivating factor in this study, the authors also were interested in understanding OER’s impact on student learning. Therefore, this study describes the adaption process for an OER textbook used in a junior-level undergraduate electricity course and evaluates this OER’s effectiveness to increase student access and improve learning over the baseline textbook. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent design collected exam scores, and self-reported survey responses from n=144 students in a comparison (non-adapted OER; n=83) and treatment (adapted OER; n=61) group was used. Based on Student’s t, Kolmogorov Smirnov, and Chi-square (?2) tests, the adapted OER was effective at improving access and learning while also saving enrolled students an average of $8,000 per year, collectively. A brief background of OER databases, materials, and methods used to develop the OER and the intellectual contribution of the newly adapted OER, and lessons learned are included in the study.
Exercise intensity-related responses of ??-endorphin and catecholamines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ten men and 10 women exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 20 min at 40, 60, and 80% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) to determine the relationship between plasma beta-endorphin, catecholamines, and exercise intensity. Compared to rest, plasma beta-endorphins were not significantly elevated during the 40 and 60% workloads (4.8 +/- 1.0 pmol.l-1 vs 3.8 +/- 0.7 and 6.3 +/- 0.9, respectively). In contrast, the 80% exercise significantly elevated endorphins to 16.1 +/- 4.0 pmol.l-1. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations were 0.30 +/- 0.04 ng.ml-1 at rest and increased with exercise intensity (40% = 0.60 +/- 0.05, 60% = 0.93 +/- 0.07, 80% = 2.00 +/- 0.14, VO2max = 2.55 +/- 0.14 ng.ml-1). Plasma epinephrine followed the same trend (rest = 0.07 +/- 0.01, 40% = 0.33 +/- 0.03, 60% = 0.49 +/- 0.02, 80% = 0.88 +/- 0.07, VO2max = 0.95 +/- 0.06 ng.ml-1). Norepinephrine was found to significantly correlate to endorphins (r = 0.499; P less than 0.02). Conversely, epinephrine was not correlated with beta-endorphin (r = 0.309; P greater than 0.05). The low correlation suggests a weak relationship between beta-endorphin and catecholamine responses during exercise. The results of this investigation suggest that the relationship between beta-endorphin and exercise intensity is curvilinear, with anaerobic activity producing the most significant endorphin response. It was also noted that the beta-endorphin response was not related to gender, but the amine response to exercise was gender-related, being greater for the men.
Prediction of Highway Noise Pollution Level by Model FHWA -TNM (Case Study: Vakilabad Highway in Mashhad-Iran)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to model the noise pollution level in 9th and 11th districts of Mashhad municipality (Vakilabad highway) by using Traffic Noise Model (TNM 2.5). To this end, the equivalent sound level measurement of the 25 high-traffic stations selected along the Vakilabad highway in Mashhad was carried out by the TES-1358 sound level meter, for 6 months and each month for 1 working day in the year’s 2017. Traffic volume data was also measured to level the day by the wood line method and then the total data was introduced to model the traffic noise volume in the area. The assessment of the traffic noise of the study area in the model showed that the average equivalent sound level calculated by the model for the stations measured at Vakilabad highway is 6.51 dB less than the recorded values by the sound meter in the real environment by the average of 78 dB. In addition, the results of this study indicated that the TNM could provide a reasonable prediction of traffic volume and its distribution on the Vakilabad highway in Mashhad, due to providing a similar ranking of areas with low or high noise pollution and also displaying acceptable values of Leq calculated as compared to recorded sound values in the real environment.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on the Use of Sildenafil in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) developed an Expert Consensus Document in 1999 on the use of sildenafil in patients with cardiovascular disease (1). This type of document is intended to inform practitioners, payers, and other interested parties of the opinion of the ACC concerning evolving areas of clinical practice and/or technologies that are widely available or are new to the practice community. Topics chosen for coverage by the Expert Consensus document are so designated because the evidence base and experience with the technology or clinical practice are not sufficiently well developed to be evaluated by the formal ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines process. This is an attempt to inform and guide clinical practice in areas in which vigorous evidence is not yet available. Sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5), became widely available in 1998 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). In response to inquiries from various parties about the safety of using sildenafil in patients with cardiovascular disease, the ACC leadership decided to develop an Expert Consensus Document on this topic. The writing committee members were selected for specific expertise in clinical cardiology, managed care, vascular reactivity, nitric oxide donors and pharmacology of antihypertensive agents. The AHA was invited to jointly author the document. After the document was developed, 10 external referees reviewed the text. The final document was approved by the ACC Board of Trustees and the AHA Scientific Advisory Committee and published in January 1999 (1).
Basic steps

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sushruta's Classification of Ayurvedic Drugs is the pharmacological classification which will help drug researches in weeding out superfluous herbs from the classical formulations which are having multiple herbal components of different families of different geographical regions. Researchers can understand and interpret varied names of herbs and their disease-based applications and restructure a disease-based Ayurvedic formulary. In the sixth century ad, Vagbhata revised the constituents and added one new Gana, Vatsakaadi, and changed the names of Kaakolyaadi and Saalasaaraadi Gana as Padmakaadi and Asanaadi, respectively. In the sixteenth century, in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, eight Vargas of the text comprise near about 480 drugs. Possible adverse effects of 196 drugs of herbal origin were included so that while preparing formulations, herb to herb interaction is taken care of.
Consequences of Conformational Preorganization in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis: Theoretical Studies on the Formation of the Bisabolene, Curcumene, Acoradiene, Zizaene, Cedrene, Duprezianene, and Sesquithuriferol Sesquiterpenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantum chemical calculations on cyclization mechanisms for several sesquiterpene families proposed to be closely related to each other in a biogenic sense (the bisabolene, curcumene, acoradiene, zizaene (zizaene, isozizaene, <i>epi</i>-zizaene, and <i>epi</i>-isozizaene), cedrene (α/β-cedrenes and 7-<i>epi</i>-α/β-cedrenes), duprezianene, and sesquithuriferol families) are described. On the basis of the results of these calculations, we suggest that the conformation of the bisabolyl cation attainable in an enzyme active site is a primary determinant of the structure and relative stereochemistry of the sesquiterpenes formed. We also suggest that substantial conformational changes of initially formed conformers of the bisabolyl cation are necessary in order to form zizaene and <i>epi</i>-cedrene. Given that the productive conformation of the bisabolyl cation does not necessarily reflect the original orientation of farnesyl diphosphate bound in the corresponding enzyme active site, we conclude that folding of farnesyl diphosphate alone does not always dictate the structure and relative stereochemistry of cyclization products. In addition, the potential roles of dynamic matching in determining product distributions and enzyme-promoted formation of secondary carbocations are discussed.
The Mathematical Model of Metal Melt State under Induction Melting

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper mathematical model is developed for the study of metal melt flows general regularities in non-uniform alternating magnetic field, in which cylindrical area filed with paramagnetic conducting melt is considered, the symmetry axis is directed vertically. The model include the equations describing spatial magnetic field distribution, the equations for induced currents, the equation of heat energy transfer that includes movement of media and volume heat sources, the equation of melt convection in Boussinesq’s approximation including of Lorentz force action to the melt. The boundary conditions for the melt velocities, magnetic fields and heat fluxes are described detail. The governing equations and boundary conditions are given in dimensionless form. The results of numerical experiments with different magnetic Reynolds number are given.
Comparative Transcriptomics Identifies Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Development and Progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often result in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind PTOA development following ACL injury, we profiled ACL injury-induced gene expression changes in knee joints of three mouse strains with varying susceptibility to OA: STR/ort (highly susceptible), C57BL/6 (moderately susceptible) and super-healer MRL/MpJ (not susceptible). Right knee joints of the mice were injured using a non-invasive tibial compression injury model that closely mimics ACL rupture in humans and global gene expression was quantified before and at 1-day, 1-week, and 2-weeks post-injury using RNA-seq. Following injury, STR/ort displayed severe cartilage degeneration while MRL/MpJ had little cartilage damage. Gene expression analysis suggested that prolonged inflammation and elevated catabolic activity in STR/ort injured joints, compared to the other two strains may be responsible for the severe PTOA phenotype observed in this strain. MRL/MpJ had the lowest expression values for several inflammatory cytokines and catabolic enzymes activated in response to ACL injury. Furthermore, we identified several genes highly expressed in MRL/MpJ compared to the other two strains including B4galnt2 and Tpsab1 which may contribute to enhanced healing in the MRL/MpJ. Overall, this study has increased our knowledge of early molecular changes associated with PTOA development.
Sistem Pendataan Keanggotaan pada Kantor Asosiasi Kontraktor Aceh (AKA)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to design and create a member (company) data processing system at the Bireuen Branch Aceh Contractors Association Office (AKA) so that information about member data becomes more directed and easily obtained and documented. Rapid Application Development (RAD) is used as an application development model. The company's data collection system at the Aceh Contractors Association Office (AKA) follows procedures and uses a computer with the Visual Basic programming language and Microsoft Access database, inputting data in this design is input for business entities, inputting data on deed, inputting data on management, inputting data on labor, inputting on data, work equipment data and input work experience data. The resulting design can explain data based on business entity data reports, work experience reports, business entity management reports, work equipment reports, employment reports and membership card reports.
Radioprotective Effect of Walnut Oligopeptides Against Gamma Radiation-Induced Splenocyte Apoptosis and Intestinal Injury in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) intake is associated with the augment of the antioxidant defense system and immune system. The chief object of this study is to evaluate the radioprotective effect of walnut oligopeptides extracted from walnut seed protein against 60Coγ-irradiation induced damage in mice. Female BALB/c mice were administered WOPs through drinking water for 14 days until a single dose of whole-body 60Coγ-irradiation. The 30-day survival test was carried out in the first group (8 Gy), and the other two groups (3.5 Gy) were sacrificed at 3 days and 14 days post-irradiation. Blood and organ samples of mice in the three groups were collected, the histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry were conducted. The number of peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow DNA content, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal permeability were measured. We found that the administration of WOPs augmented antioxidant defense system, accelerated hematopoietic recovery and showed the significant trend toward higher survival rate and less weight loss compared with non-administrated control mice. In addition, WOPs administration appeared to be important to limit IR-induced splenocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cascade as well as reduce intestine epithelial barrier dysfunction and promote epithelial integrity. These results suggest that pre and post-treatment of WOPs may help to ameliorate acute damage, which is induced by ionizing radiation in mice and accelerate its recovery.
Non-Edible Oil Based Surfactant For Enhanced Oil Recovery

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reservoir which can be recovered by tertiary methods like the Alkaline-Surfactant Flood. Reasons for having some unproduced hydrocarbon in the reservoir include and not limited to the following; forces of attraction fluid contacts, low permeability, high viscous fluid, poor swept efficiency, etc. Although, it is possible to commence waterflooding together chemical injection at the start of production. Reservoir simulation with commercial simulator, could guide in selecting the most appropriate period to commence chemical flooding. In this study, the performance of a new synthetic surfactant produced from Jatropha Curcas seed was compared with that of a selected commercial surfactant in the presence of an alkaline and this shows that the non-edible Jatropha oil is a natural, inexpensive and a renewable source of energy for the production of anionic surfactants and a good substitute for commercial surfactants like Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). The Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant showed no precipitation or cloudiness during stability test and was able to reduce the Interfacial Tension (IFT) to 0.018 mN/m and 0.020 mN/m in the presence of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide respectively as alkaline at low surfactant concentration. The optimum alkaline surfactant formulation in terms of oil recovery performance obtained from the core flooding experiment corresponds to a concentration of sodium carbonate (0.5wt%), sodium hydroxide (0.5wt%) mixed in distilled water and Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant (1wt%). The injection of 0.5 percentage volume of alkaline surfactant slug produced an incremental oil recovery of 26.7% and 29% respectively. With these incremental oil recoveries, increasing demand for hydrocarbons product could be met, and returns on investment portfolio will be improved.
The Akropolis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter focuses on the buildings of the Athenian Akropolis. A brief survey of earlier building activity is provided in order to consider how the Akropolis looked at the time of the Kleisthenic reforms and to highlight some of the problems and controversies in the architectural material. The issue of the “H-Architecture” (the Bluebeard Temple or Hekatompedon) is fully considered, including the ongoing controversy regarding its appearance and location. An account of the Akropolis at the end of the sixth and beginning of the fifth centuries then follows. The chapter closes with two sections that place these buildings within their broader topographical and historical context, including a calculation of the financial cost of the Old Athena Temple and a suggestion for how it might have been funded.
Selective Cytotoxic Effect of Topical 5-Fluorouracil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As an investigative procedure, a hydro(5-FU) ointment containing 20% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was applied to the skin of patients with extensive actinic keratoses of the face and neck, for a period of four weeks. This resulted in a selective inflammation, erosion, and disappearance of the keratoses without significant alteration of the normal skin. Transitory adverse reactions included corneal and conjunctival irritations, phototoxic reactions, and erosion of the lower lip border. No evidence of systemic absorption was detected. Only preliminary follow-up observations are available, and no conclusion can be drawn as to the long-term results.
Transformational Change and Addiction Recovery

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

For the past several years, addiction counselors across the country have been indoctrinated with the idea that addiction recovery is a timesustained process marked by multiple stages of change. Presentations on the Prochaska, Norcross, and DiClemente (1994) stages of change model and other developmental schema of recovery (e.g., Brown, 1985; Gorski, 1989; Klingemann, 1991) regularly grace the menus of addiction treatment conferences. These models portray the journey from addiction through recovery initiation to recovery maintenance in terms of incremental stages and steps spanning months and years. While these models have great clinical utility for the majority of clients of the addiction counselor, they obscure a less common style of addiction recovery that is not characterized by such time-dependent processes. These latter recoveries are the fruit of dramatic personal transformations of such overwhelming intensity and depth that, in the span of moments or hours, a life is cleaved into the categories of before and after, leaving a new self in a body once occupied by another. In this article, we will explore historical examples of such climactic recovery experiences and explore the clinical implications of such phenomena.
Information-theoretic analysis for the difficulty of extracting hidden information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The difficulty of extracting hidden information, which is essentially a kind of secrecy, is analyzed by information-theoretic method. The relations between key rate, message rate, hiding capacity and difficulty of extraction are studied in the terms of unicity distance of stego-key, and the theoretic conclusion is used to analyze the actual extracting attack on Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganographic algorithms.
Spatial control of surface plasmon polariton excitation at planar metal surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We illustrate that the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation through the prism coupling method is fundamentally limited by destructive interference of spatial light components. We propose that the destructive interference can be canceled out by tailoring the relative phase for the different wave-vector components. As a numerical demonstration, we show that through the phase modulation the excited SPP field is concentrated to a hot energy spot, and the SPP field intensity is dramatically enhanced about three-fold in comparison with a conventional Gaussian beam illumination. The proposed phase-shaped beam approach provides a new degree of freedom to fundamentally control the SPP excitation and benefits the development of surface-enhanced applications.
Expression of 6×his-hGM-CSF fusion gene in larvae of silkworm(Bombyx mori) using recombinant baculovirus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Six × his-hGM-CSF fusion gene was inserted in silkworm baculovirus transfer vector pBacPAK8 to construct the recombinant transfer vector pBacPAKHis-GM-CSF. The recombinant transfer vector DNA and linear virus Bm-BacPAK6 DNA were co-transfected into BmN cells. The homologous recombination occurred inside the cells, so that the recombinant virus vBacPAKHis-GM-CSF was obtained. The BmN cells and the fifth instar silkworm larvae were infected by the recombinant virus vBacPAKHis-GM-CSF and the fusion protein were expressed in silkworm larvae. The biological activity of the expressed products was determined by TF-1 cells. The highest detectable level of fusion protein in hemolymph of silkworm larvae yielded up to 15 μg/mL at the 120 h. The fusion proteins expressed in silkworm larvae hemolymph were purified using the poly-his protein purification kit. SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting analysis indicated that the expression products are three glycosylated proteins with molecular weights of 18 kD, 20 kD and 31 kD.