jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bonnesen-Style Inequalities for Minkowski Relative Geometry

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Two Bonnesen-style inequalities are obtained for the relative inradius of one convex body with respect to another in n-dimensional space.Both reduce to the known planar inequality; one sharpens the relative isoperimetric inequality, the other states that a quadratic polynomial is negative at the inradius.Circumradius inequalities follow. I. Introduction.By a convex body in Euclidean n-space, En, we will mean a compact convex set with nonempty interior.The unit ball centered at the origin will be denoted B, and E will represent a fixed convex body.The Minkowski sum of two convex sets __ and L is denoted K + L, and the multiple of K by the scalar t is tK.Steiner's formula states that V(K + tL) = £ (H\eV(K,..., K, L,..., L) i=o ^l ' "~v~"' ^n-i i where V(-) is the n-dimensional volume and the terms V(K,...,K,L,...,L), n-i i called mixed volumes, are defined by this formula.For a discussion of mixed volumes see [11, p. 84 or 17, p. 209].If L = B, then the mixed volume with i copies of B, i = 0,..., n, is the ith quermassintegral, Wi(K), of __.The zeroth querrnassintegral is volume, n times the first is surface area, the (n -l)st is proportional to the mean width of K where Wn-y(B) = V(B), and the nth is constant and equal to V(B).The setting for this paper is Minkowski relative geometry.Here we use the Euclidean metric, but the functions of convex sets in which we will be interested, for example quermassintegrals and inradius, are evaluated relative to the fixed body E rather than the unit ball B. The ith relative quermassintegral of a convex set K, i = 0,... ,n, is defined by Wl(K;E) = V(K,...,K,E,...,E). n -i iIn most cases we will use V(K) and V(E) rather than the notation above for the zeroth and nth relative quermassintegrals.The relative inradius, r(K;E), and
Anticancer Activity of Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. Crustacean on Human HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell via Cellular Lipid and β-sheet Protein Accumulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. crustacean or “Ya Kap Hoi: YKH”, which is an edible vegetable, is commonly seen in Thailand. This study investigated its anticancer properties with high antioxidant activity by reducing power activity, excluding alkylation activity. It explored YKH extract induction of anticancer activity through biomolecular changes in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. The ethanolic extract stock solution and water extract stock solution were prepared. NR assay was used for cancer cell cytotoxic testing and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used for biomolecular changes study on lipid, protein and nucleic acid/DNA. The apoptosis induction by the extracts was detected by using Annexin V-FITC and DAPI staining. The compounds in the YKH ethanolic extract was performed by using GC-MS analysis. As a result, YKH ethanolic extract caused HCT116 colon cancer cell death in the dose dependent manner after 24 h exposure, and the 50 % cell death (IC50 concentration) was 195.4 ± 12 μg/mL. Cellular biochemical changes observed from FTIR data showed that YKH ethanolic extract treated HCT116 colon cancer cell. There is an increase in lipid content and a reduction in intensity of nucleic acid/DNA, a-helix protein structure at 1,656 cm-1 was reduced and peak position of b-sheet structure (1,637 cm-1) was shifted to lower frequency. From the analysis results, YKH ethanolic extract seems to exert anti-colon cancer effect by changing cellular biomolecular structure of lipids and β-sheet protein accumulation, supporting apoptotic induction. The compounds in the YKH ethanolic extract mainly yielded fatty acids,which may be useful as potential compounds.
Improved artificial neural networks for predicting the response of unbonded concrete overlays in a faulting prediction model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transverse joint faulting is a common distress that develops in unbonded concrete overlays (UBOLs). In the previous predictive faulting model for UBOLs, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained to predict the critical response (deflections) resulting from traffic and environmental loads. These ANNs were trained using an extensive factorial of finite element runs of a field-validated structural model. While the ANNs were developed to predict the critical response of UBOLs with asphalt and fabric interlayers, the predictive models were not able to differentiate the critical response as a function of interlayer type. In this study, the ANNs were improved to address this prior limitation. A separate set of ANNs was produced for UBOLs with asphalt interlayers and UBOLs with fabric interlayers. Several enhancements were also performed, including modification of the ANN architecture and the inclusion of an extensive sensitivity analysis in the validation process. The newly developed ANNs are incorporated into the Pitt UBOL-ME faulting prediction model and design guide.
[X-ray computed tomography in pleuropulmonary asbestos pathology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results of computed tomography and conventional radiology were compared during investigation of 17 patients with pleuropulmonary lesions from confirmed asbestosis. Computed tomography images appeared to provide improved data for detection and analysis of pleural plaques, particularly in the costovertebral grooves; false pleural images (associated shadows, fatty tissue) can be eliminated. The CT scan should occupy a place of choice for surveillance of subjects in contact with asbestos and presenting pleural anomalies.
Nonlinear transport and optical properties of terahertz-driven two-dimensional electron gases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A simple theory is developed for studying interactions between electrons and intense laser fields in semiconductor-based two-dimensional systems. With this approach, the steady-state transport and optical coefficients can be calculated easily for an electron-photon-phonon system. The results can be related to experiments where terahertz free-electron lasers are employed as intense radiation sources.
Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Particulate Matter Pollution in Coal Production Cities in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of China’s urbanization process, regional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. We selected 12 cities as study areas to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter in the region, and analyzed the impact of socioeconomic and natural factors on local particulate matter levels. In terms of time variation, the particulate matter in the study area showed an annual change trend of first rising and then falling, a monthly change trend of “U” shape, and an hourly change trend of double-peak and double-valley distribution. Spatially, the concentration of particulate matter in the central and southern cities of the study area is higher, while the pollution in the western region is lighter. In terms of social economy, PM2.5 showed an “inverted U-shaped” quadratic polynomial relationship with Second Industry and Population Density, while it showed a U-shaped relationship with Generating Capacity and Coal Output. The results of correlation analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly positively correlated with NO2, SO2, CO and air pressure, and significantly negatively correlated with O3 and air temperature. Wind speed was significantly negatively correlated with PM2.5, and significantly positively correlated with PM10. In terms of pollution transmission, the southwest area of Taiyuan City is a high potential pollution source area of fine particles, and the long-distance transport of PM2.5 in Xinjiang from the northwest also has a certain contribution to the pollution of fine particles. This study is helpful for us to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of particulate matter pollution in coal production cities.
Latent Association Mining in Binary Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of identifying stable sets of mutually associated features in moderate or high-dimensional binary data. In this context we develop and investigate a method called Latent Association Mining for Binary Data (LAMB). The LAMB method is based on a simple threshold model in which the observed binary values represent a random thresholding of a latent continuous vector that may have a complex association structure. We consider a measure of latent association that quantifies association in the latent continuous vector without bias due to the random thresholding. The LAMB method uses an iterative testing based search procedure to identify stable sets of mutually associated features. We compare the LAMB method with several competing methods on artificial binary-valued datasets and two real count-valued datasets. The LAMB method detects meaningful associations in these datasets. In the case of the count-valued datasets, associations detected by the LAMB method are based only on information about whether the counts are zero or non-zero, and is competitive with methods that have access to the full count data.
Disaggregation of rainfall from coarse to fine resolutions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Studies on climate changes relies on the results generated from general circulation models, which is normally presented in a coarse time scale to the hydrological applications which requires a fine time scale. Simulation studies for design and operation purposes studies the hydrological systems with multiple sequences of rainfall while flood simulations uses detailed storm hyetograph with known characteristics. Disaggregation is the generation of data using stochastic model involving two time scales, typically from a coarse time scale to a fine time scale. There is a difference in models used for the two time scales, although the fine time scale must be consistent with the coarse time scale. The more commonly used models include the HyetosR’s Bartlett-Lewis model, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) model and WeaGETS’s weather generator’s Markov models. Each model has its own advantages depending on the purpose of study and for this project, the focus will be on disaggregation using HyetosR and comparing the results with the other types of models. HyetosR supports different versions of the Bartlett-Lewis model, such as the original Bartlett-Lewis model, Bartlett-Lewis rectangular pulse mode and random parameter Bartlett-Lewis model. Whereas KNN algorithm is a non-parametric model used for pattern recognition. There are different uses for the KNN algorithm such as classification and regression. The input depends on the k closest training examples in the feature space and the output is determined by whether it is utilized for classification or regression. For WeaGets Stochastic Weather Generator, it can be used as a downscaling tool changing the parameters to support any of the predicted changes in the amount of rainfall. The results after comparing show that HyetosR model can reproduce the essential characteristics of the observed data. It also produces the autocorrelations and dry probabilities. Overall, HyetosR is an appropriate model to be used for designing storms in flood studies however the parameter estimation can be improved. As compared to HyetosR, KNN could keep a better basic statistics like STD, AC1 and Pwet. Although WeaGets can be used to generate any stations independently, this model cannot maintain important interstation correlations of variables. Therefore, employing KNN, the spatial dependence can be maintained by resampling the day’s weather simultaneously.
Exponential Family Transfer Learning with Application to Text Document Modeling.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transfer learning, as applied in machine learning, transfers knowledge between similar learning tasks with the objective of improving performance. We propose a method based on the prior selection principle that explores the transfer learning paradigm for estimating probability density functions belonging to the exponential family. Experiments on distribution of words over text documents, modeled as multinomial distributions, have shown better results when compared to maximum-likelihood estimation.
A qualitative exploration of people living with dementia's experiences of using everyday technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Technology is becoming a popular and cost-effective way of supporting people living with dementia. Despite this, uptake and adherence to technology interventions is variable. Two factors contributing to this are people's pre-existing attitudes towards technology which influence how accepted interventions are, and how accessible technologies are to use. Attitudes and accessibility are developed through people's everyday experiences of technology which are underexplored in research. Method This study used photo-elicitation interviews to explore ten people living with dementia's experiences of using everyday technology and dementia-specific technology. Experiences were explored in and outside the home environment to understand experience at an individual and societal level. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to understand how technologies are experienced, and how these experiences might contribute to the acceptability and accessibility of technologies supporting people living with dementia. Findings Four overarching findings were formed from the data: 1) Impact of symptoms of dementia on technology use, 2) Motivation to use technology, 3) The importance of integrating appropriate technology, and 4) The importance of setting in technology implementation. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that technologies are a desirable method of providing support to many people living with dementia if the correct tailoring and support is given. People living with dementia are motivated to use technology for various reasons, but interventions that enhance existing face-to-face services, rather than replace them maybe more accepted. Finally, people living with dementia are hopeful that technology will help future generations because these individuals will begin their dementia journey already equipped with the confidence and skills to manage more complex technologies effectively.
Record of pestiferous land snail, <i>Macrochlamys indica</i> Godwin-Austen 1883 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae), on citrus and guava plants in Punjab, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Occurrence of land snail, Macrochlamys indica Godwin-Austen, 1883 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) in citrus (Kinnow mandarin and its rootstock Jatti khatti) and guava nursery of Punjab, India is reported. This species has been observed as an important mollusc pest of citrus and guava nursery plants in Punjab. Snails avoid hot, dry weather and are active during night when temperature is less. They feed on succulent, tender leaves and create irregular holes with smooth edges on leaves by scraping with their rasp-like tongues. Their peak activity period in Punjab is rainy season. This is the first report of occurrence of this snail in nursery of fruit crops from Punjab, particularly citrus and guava plants. Further studies are required to know its behaviour and economic loss on agricultural crops so as to develop a suitable management strategy.
Development of “substrate-trapping” mutants to identify physiological substrates of protein tyrosine phosphatases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The identification of substrates of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is an essential step toward a complete understanding of the physiological function of members of this enzyme family. PTPs are defined by a conserved catalytic domain harboring 27 invariant residues. From a mutagenesis study of these invariant residues that was guided by our knowledge of the crystal structure of PTP1B, we have discovered a mutation of the invariant catalytic acid (Asp-181 in PTP1B) that converts an extremely active enzyme into a “substrate trap.” Expression of this D181A mutant of PTP1B in COS and 293 cells results in an enzyme that competes with endogenous PTP1B for substrates and promotes the accumulation of phosphotyrosine primarily on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as well as on proteins of 120, 80, and 70 kDa. The association between the D181A mutant of PTP1B and these substrates was sufficiently stable to allow isolation of the complex by immunoprecipitation. As predicted for an interaction between the substrate-binding site of PTP1B and its substrates, the complex is disrupted by vanadate and, for the EGF receptor, the interaction absolutely requires receptor autophosphorylation. Furthermore, from immunofluorescence studies, the D181A mutant of PTP1B appeared to retain the endogenous EGF receptor in an intracellular complex. These results suggest that the EGF receptor is a bona fide substrate for PTP1B in vivo and that one important function of PTP1B is to prevent the inappropriate, ligand-independent, activation of newly synthesized EGF receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum. This essential catalytic aspartate residue is present in all PTPs and has structurally equivalent counterparts in the dual-specificity phosphatases and the low molecular weight PTPs. Therefore we anticipate that this method may be widely applicable to facilitate the identification of substrates of other members of this enzyme family.
Brazilian Version for Screening Adolescent’s Drug Use: Crafft/Cesare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the responsiveness and validity of the Brazilian version of CRAFFT as a screening drug test in adolescents. Method: Descriptive and quantitative research, which assessed the applicability through a convenience sampling of technical school’s students (14-21 years). Kappa coefficient was applied to investigate the correspondence between CRAFFT and CEBRID questionnaires and and the ROC curve was performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of CRAFFT. Results: 1882 students answered the CRAFFT/CESARE questionnaire. The minority of students (2.2%) had problems in comprehending the scale. CRAFFT/CESARE questionnaire’s specificity achieved 73.3%, and it’s sensitivity, 87.1%. The correlations between the questionnaires were considered good (Kappa: 0,461). Six hundred eighty-two (36.2%) of the 1882 adolescents scored positive for CRAFFT/CESARE. Visual inspection of the receiver operating characteristic curve presented the optimal cut point of 2 or more. Conclusion: Our findings support the utility of the Brazilian version of CRAFFT/CESARE as a screening tool for use of psychoactive substances among Portuguese-speaking Brazilian adolescents. Its characteristics and psychometric properties makes it possible to use in the Brazilian sociocultural context.
Allium�hookeri root extract regulates asthmatic changes through immunological modulation of Th1/Th2‑related factors in an ovalbumin‑induced asthma mouse model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 2013, WHO estimated that approximately 235 million people suffered from asthma worldwide. Asthma is a hyper responsive disorder, which is related to an imbalance between the T‑helper type 1 and 2 cells (henceforth, Th1 and Th2, respectively). Allium hookeri is a plant that is widely used for culinary purposes and also in traditional Asian medicine. The present study was conducted to elucidate the anti‑asthmatic effects and mechanism of action of A. hookeri root extracts (AHRE) in an ovalbumin (OVA)‑induced asthma mouse model. The mice were divided into five groups, namely, the control, the OVA‑treated group, the dexamethasone‑treated group, the 30 mg/kg AHRE‑treated group, and the 300 mg/kg AHRE‑treated group. The total WBC count and the differential cell count in the bronchoalveolar fluid, the level of serum IgE, the histopathological changes in the lung, and changes in the cell surface molecules, the asthma‑related cytokine levels, and Th cell transcription factors were evaluated. AHRE significantly ameliorated asthmatic changes, such as the total WBC count, eosinophil count, and the level of IgE; in addition, it reduced mucus hypersecretion, epithelial hyperplasia, and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. AHRE significantly inhibited the expression of CD68+ cells and MHC class II+ molecules, Th1 cell transcription factor (T‑bet) activation, Th2 cell transcription factor (GATA‑3) activation, and TNF‑α in the lung tissue. Furthermore, it suppressed cell surface molecules, such as CD4+and CD8+; Th1‑related cytokines, such as IFN‑γ and IL‑12p40; Th2‑related cytokines, such as IL‑4 and IL‑5; and Th17‑related cytokines, such as IL‑6 and TNF‑α, in a dose‑dependent manner. Thus, AHRE may be considered a promising anti‑asthmatic drug.
Effect of different methods on fruit setting percentage in apomixes of ′′Lv Ling′′walnut

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to improve the fruit setting of apomixes in Lv Ling walnut,the effect of 2,4-D,GA3,borax and comprehensive treatment on fruit setting of apomixes was studied with Lv Ling walnut whose stigma was treated with PVA.The results showed that the fruit-setting rate of 0.2% borax treatment,30 mg/L GA3 treatment and 0.3% borax with 0.3% KH2PO4 treatment was 23.54%,21.74% and 21.44%,significantly higher than that of control respectively(P0.01).In addition,the fruit-setting rate of 2,4-D 15 mg/L treatment was 17.67% higher than that of control.
Membranes from Five-Branes and Fundamental Strings from Dp Branes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We argue that M2 brane is realized as a topological soliton on a coincident pair of M5 and anti-M5 branes, as the two five-branes annihilate each other. Topology and quantum numbers of this world-volume soliton are discussed in some detail, and its formation is explained qualitatively. It follows from a compactification that a D4-anti-D4 pair annihilate and produce type II fundamental strings. The phenomenon is best described as the confinement of a world-volume U(1) gauge field on D4-anti-D4, where the confined electric flux string is identified as the fundamental string. This generalizes to other D$p$-anti-D$p$ systems, and solves a puzzle recently pointed out by Witten.