jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Coping With Expectation Violation: An Integrative Review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present review investigates factors that predict three processes that lead to persistence versus change of expectations after confrontation with expectation violations, based on the violated expectation (ViolEx) model and related models. We address four groups of predictors: (a) characteristics of the expectation, (b) characteristics of the expectation-violating event(s), (c) broader situational characteristics, and (d) personality characteristics. The bulk of studies conducted in this area looked at expectation change in the direction of the experienced violation (accommodation) as their central dependent variable. The strongest empirical support was found for accommodation being less likely and minimizing of the potential impact of the discrepant information (immunization) being more likely to occur (a) after the reality turns out to be worse rather than better than expected, (b) if disconfirming events are more ambiguous, and (c) if depressed rather than healthy people are confronted with better-than-expected events. Given the high heterogeneity between studies on assessed predictors, we recommend a more comprehensive and unifying approach that tests the relative impact and the interplay of the whole range of predictors across paradigms.
Cudworth's Theory of Knowledge

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The traditional theories of cognition do not arise out of a direct examination of ‘the contents of consciousness’ but as a consequence of metaphysical presuppositions. Once the fatal distinction has been made between reality and appearance, corresponding cognitive faculties must inevitably be set up; sense which presents us with appearances must be distinguished from thought which penetrates to, or intuits, or constructs—on this point there can still be disagreement— reality itself. Thus the general structure of Cudworth's theory of knowledge can be predicted from what we have said about his philosophy of nature: Eternal and Immutable Morality, in which Cudworth's epistemology is mainly developed, is, in a way, a series of footnotes to The True Intellectual System of the Universe. Certain of the details, however, are intrinsically interesting and of considerable relevance to Cudworth's ethical theory.
The Frequency of Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Infantile Colic and Factors Affecting Method Selection

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ÖzAmaç: İnfantil kolik (IC), doğumdan sonraki ilk üç ayda başlayan, üç haftadan uzun süren ve haftada en az üç gün meydana gelen ağlama nöbetleridir.Bu çalışmada IC tedavisinde alternatif ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarının kullanımı
Chemistry Teachers’ Awareness, Understanding, and Confidence toward Computational Tools for Molecular Visualization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent advances in cheminformatics and bioinformatics research have generated software and computational tools for molecular modeling and visualization that can be incorporated to improve chemistry teaching and learning in high school. Nevertheless, there have never been any study simultaneously reporting chemistry teachers’ awareness, understanding, and confidence toward contemporary computer-aided molecular modeling and visualization tools. This study examined 32 high school chemistry teachers’ knowledge, understanding and confidence toward nine new computational programs on molecular modeling and visualization namely ChemDraw, HyperChem, UCSF Chimera, Marvin Sketch, PsiPred, MBC (PS2), Rampage, Vienna RNA Package and Mode RNA following two days of professional workshop-based training. After completing the training and assessments, the teachers showed an enhancement in awareness, understanding, and confidence toward those nine computational programs. Intensive activities consisting of theoretical lectures, hands-on practices, assignments, and case study presentations seem to provide valuable resources to the increase in teachers’ knowledge, understanding, and skill that incorporates computational technology. Hence, the impact of this research pointed toward the value of teachers’ professional development that creates a platform to reduce the barriers of access, resources, knowledge, and skills. This study is expected to help improving teachers’ awareness, understanding, and confidence necessarily required for further implementation of available technology for instructional purposes.
On the non-convergence of energy intensities: Evidence from a pair-wise econometric approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper evaluates the convergence of energy intensities for a group of 97 countries in the period 1971–2003. Convergence is tested using a recent method proposed by Pesaran (2007) [Pesaran, M.H., 2007. A pair-wise approach to testing for output and growth convergence. Journal of Econometrics 138, 312–355] based on the stochastic convergence criterion. An advantage of this method is that results do not depend on a benchmark against which convergence is assessed. It gives more robust results. Applications of several unit-root tests as well as a stationarity test uniformly reject the global convergence hypothesis. Locally, for Middle East, OECD and Europe sub-groups, non-convergence is less strongly rejected. The introduction of possible structural breaks in the analysis only marginally provides more support to the convergence hypothesis.
A Preliminary Study on the Feasibility and Significance of Simple and Objective Posture Evaluation Methods to Minimize the Nursing Care Needs of Elderly People

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

背景・目的：簡便に実施でき, 要介護状態に陥ることの予防に有用な姿勢評価法を検討した.対象と方法：地域在住の健常高齢者42名を対象に, (1)円背指数, (2)occiput-to-wall distance (OWD), (3)観察による姿勢評価の3つの簡易姿勢評価と, 身体・生活状況のアンケートを実施した.結 果：各姿勢評価は相互に軽～中等度の有意な相関を認めた ((1)-(2) : ρ＝0.527, p＝0.000, (2)-(3) : ρ＝0.315, p＝0.042, (1)-(3) : ρ＝0.416, p＝0.006). アンケートの「整形疾患」,「骨粗鬆症」の該当者は非該当者と比較して各姿勢評価で有意に後弯が強いことを示す値であった. 一方「痛み・しびれ・こり」,「転倒不安感」の該当者は非該当者と比較してOWDでのみ有意に後弯が強いことを示す値であった.結 語：OWDは, 簡便で, 痛みや転倒不安感等の生活障害と関係するため, 要介護状態に陥ることの予防に有用な姿勢評価法である可能性が示された.
Bioinformatic Analysis and Subcellular Localization of Solanum lycopersicum ARF2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Auxin response factors(ARFs) are important transcription factors involved in auxin signal transduction pathway.In order to elucidate the function of tomato ARF2,we isolated the SlARF2 gene and analyzed its molecular features,in addition,we observed the subcellular localization of ARF2 in transgenic tomato plants.Physicochemical properties and molecular features of ARF2 were predicted by bioinformatic approaches including physical and chemical properties analysis,hydrophobicity analysis,domain analysis,phylogenetic tree analysis and subcellular localization analysis.Moreover,the full-length of SlARF2 gene was amplified by RT-PCR,and a binary vector consisting of ARF2 fused with the yellow fluorescent protein(YFP) coding sequence was further constructed.Using the method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,the recombinant vector was transformed into wild-type tomato,and the transgenic tomato plants were confirmed by PCR.The roots of transgenic tomato seedlings were observed under a fluorescence microscope.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the SlARF2 is an unstable soluble protein,which is rich in Ser,Gly,Pro and Leu residues,and it has typical structure and functional domain of ARF family.Tomato ARF2 shares 70.08 %,66.94 %,and 60.87 % similarity in amino acid sequences with grapes,cassava and Arabidopsis,respectively.Analyses of restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing confirmed the expression vector pBA-ARF2-YFP was successfully constructed.PCR results showed the fusion protein was expressed in transgenic tomato plants.The subcellular localization of SlARF2 was found mostly in the nucleus.SlARF2 has the key characteristics of transcription factor,which is localized in the nucleus,and it might play a pivotal role in tomato fruit development and ripening.This might provide references for studying the function of SlARF2 gene.
Falsification Discovery in AIS Messages ; Decision Support and Risk Assessment for Operational Effectiveness

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The SOLAS convention created an electronic system of message broadcasting between vessels: the Automatic Identification System (AIS). Albeit initially designed for security purposes, some people use the system another way, such as fleet surveillance, and the system suffers from errors, falsifications and spoofing. AIS data structure is complex, with 27 different messages, each one having a given number of data fields with various size, importance and type [1]. We propose a method based on the data quality dimensions and particularly the integrity of data within the message to assess the confidence in each message received, with a data processing done both on-the-fly with coming data and when data is stored in the database for comparison with archived data [2] and signal-based assessment we propose [3]. Each message will be assigned a confidence coefficient based on the processing of a checklist of ad-hoc items. The purpose is to assign a grade of alert and a level of associated risks (such as boarding, pollution, terrorism) to each message, group of messages sent by the same vessel or situation, suitable to be given for further studies to relevant authorities such as coast guards or MRCCs. References: [1] Tunaley, 2013. Utility of Various AIS Messages for Maritime Awareness. In proceedings of the 9th ASAR Workshop. Longueuil, Canada, October 2013. [2] Iphar, Napoli et Ray, 2016. Risk Analysis of falsified Automatic Identification System for the improvement of maritime traffic safety. In proceedings of the ESREL 2016 conference, Glasgow, United Kingdom, September 2016. [3] Alincourt, Ray, Ricordel, Dare-Emzivat et Boudraa, 2016. Methodology for AIS Signature Identification through Magnitude and Temporal Characterization. In proceedings of the OCEANS’16 SHANGHAI conference, Shanghai, China, April 2016.
Formalised Behaviour in Agents’ Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There are numerous ways to represent the circumstances of the individual in the job market. The most popular, probably because it fits most readily into micro-economics, is phrasing the problem as one of decisionmaking by an independent rational actor. All economic actors face uncertainty and the particular actions they decide on represent solutions of the equations which described their situations. The job market is generally conceived in terms of non-simultaneous choice situations. Looking for a job can be expressed in terms of formal search theory: the probability of a better opportunity being located in a portion of economic space and the stopping of search when a satisfactory place utility is achieved, relative to costs and possible better finds or losses because of delays in making a decision.
Semiclassical approach to structure functions at small $x$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Inclusive and diffractive structure functions for electron-proton scattering are calculated in a semiclassical approach at large momentum transfer Q 2 and small values of the scaling variable x . The basic process is the production of a quark-antiquark pair in the colour field of the proton. The structure functions are expressed in terms of Wilson lines along the classical trajectories of quark and antiquark passing through the colour field, and their covariant derivatives. Based on some rather general assumptions on properties of the colour field, inclusive and diffractive structure functions are evaluated in terms of four field dependent constants.
Callaghan’s New Dawn?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Electoral volatility at by-elections is a strong feature of recent British politics. Harold Macmillan in the days of 'you've never had it so good' saw Torrington and Orpington fall to the Liberals and Mr Heath's government faced a series of by-election debacles at the hands of the Liberals. Between 1964 and 1970 Labour's by-election performances, with one or two exceptions, were abject. However until 1974 governments could take by-election losses in their stride because their overall majority was sufficiently comfortable to allow them to do so. Even Labour's loss of Leyton in 1965, while humiliating for Patrick Gordon Walker, did not precipitate a threatened general election.
Semantic Segmentation of Atherosclerosis in Superficial Layer of IVOCT Images Using Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Labeling the lesion tissue pixel-by-pixel is a serious process for cardiovascular disease (CAD) doctors, which causes time-consuming and low effectiveness. We proposed an automatic method with deep learning technology to classify the vessel tissue on the intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) image with a pixel level. Considering that only the superficial layer contains valuable information about the tissue, we firstly segmented the region of interest (ROI) by using the level set method and cropped square patches from it as the input data of neural network for the purpose of utilizing the analyzable area and increasing the data volume to improve the generalization of the network model. We chose SegNet to implement the learning procedure and predicted the classification of each pixel of cropped patches. Finally, constructing a 3-D volume to place each prediction on each slice and finding out the maximum type number of every pixel as the final class of lesion tissue. The classification results show that Our method presents a considerable approach as a computer-assisted tool for doctors.
Farmer participation in research and extension: the key to achieving adoption of more sustainable cassava production practices on sloping land in Asia and their impact on farmers' income.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third most important food crop in southeast Asia, where it is usually grown by smallholders in marginal areas of sloping or undulating land. Farmers grow cassava because the crop will tolerate long dry periods and poor soils, and will produce reasonable yields with minimum inputs. Most farmers realize, however, that cassava production on slopes can cause severe erosion, while production without fertilizer or manure inputs will lead to a gradual decline in soil productivity. Current production practices may thus not be sustainable. Research has shown that cassava yields can be maintained for many years with adequate application of fertilizers or manures, and that there are various ways to reduce erosion. Adoption of erosion control practices, however, has been minimal as farmers generally see little short-term benefits, while initial costs of establishing these practices may be substantial. In order to enhance the adoption of soil conserving practices and improve the sustainability of cassava production under a wide range of socio-economic and bio-physical conditions, a farmer participatory research (FPR) approach was used to develop not only the most suitable soil conservation practices, but also to test new cassava varieties, fertilization practices and cropping systems that tend to produce greater short-term benefits. The FPR
Survival of the fittest: The impact of eco‐certification and reputation on firm performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Owing to the increased trend for organic products and the concept of sustainable development, firms must invest in valuable and unique resources to achieve long‐term success and gain competitive advantages. Building on insights from the resource‐based view and natural‐resource‐based view of the firm, the study focuses on the contribution of corporate reputation and eco‐certification as intangible influences on corporate performance. Duration analysis is applied on a sample of 1,572 German wineries over the period 1994 to 2017. The results indicate that individual reputation and eco‐certification have a statistically significant and positively impact on corporate performance, whereas there is no clear evidence of this relationship for collective reputation. In addition, especially those firms with high individual reputation benefit most from eco‐certification. These results are robust across different parametric and semiparametric model estimations.
Comparison Between Direct and Video‐assisted Laryngoscopy for Intubations in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The objective was to compare video‐assisted laryngoscopy ( VAL ) to direct laryngoscopy ( DL ) on success rate and complication rate of intubations performed in a pediatric emergency department ( ED ). Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of attempted intubations of children aged 0–18 years in a pediatric ED between 2004 and 2014 with first attempt by an ED provider. In VAL , the laryngoscopist attempts direct visualization of the glottis with a C‐ MAC video laryngoscope while the video monitor is used for real‐time guidance by a supervisor, back‐up visualization for the laryngoscopist should the direct view be inadequate, and confirmation of endotracheal tube passage through the vocal cords. We performed univariate comparisons of intubations using DL to intubations using VAL on rates of first‐pass success, complications, and whether the patient was successfully intubated by an ED provider. We then created a logistic regression model to adjust for provider experience level, difficult airway characteristics, and indications for intubation to compare intubations using DL to intubations using VAL for each outcome. Results We identified 452 endotracheal intubations of 422 unique patients, of which 445 intubations had a first attempt by an ED provider. Six intubations were excluded due to insufficient information available in the record. Of the included intubations, 240 (55%) were attempted with DL and 199 (45%) with VAL . The overall first‐pass success rate was 71% in the DL group and 72% in the VAL group. After adjustment for covariates, the first‐pass success rate was similar between laryngoscopy approaches (adjusted odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 1.94). Conclusions We found no difference between DL and VAL with regard to first‐pass intubation success rate, complication rate, or rate of successful intubation by ED providers for children undergoing intubation in a pediatric ED .
Influence of aging heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of single crystal Ni3Al-base superalloy IC21

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The influence of high-temperature aging heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of single crystal Ni3Al-base superalloy IC21 were investigated. The results showed that the temperature and time of aging treatment had significant effect on the shape and the average size of γ' precipitate as well as the hardness of the alloy. The average size and volume fraction of γ' precipitate after 1320°C/10h/Ar cooling+870°C/32h/air cooling(AC) treatment were about 270nm and 63% respectively. The experimental results showed that the two-step aging treatment following the solution treatment significantly influenced the size and volume fraction of γ' phase, i.e., through the treatment of 1320°C/10h/Ar cooling +1060°C/2h/AC+870°C/32h/AC the moderate size (about 450nm) and volume fraction (about 70%) of cubic γ' phase obtained and the hardness of the alloy reached the maximum value of about 370HV. However, with the increase of the aging temperature or time the size and the volume fraction of γ' precipitate increased and the morphology of the γ' precipitate gradually changed from cubic shape to rod shape. It has been found that after 1320°C/10h/Ar cooling +1120°C/2h/AC+870°C/32h/AC or 1320°C/10h/Ar cooling +1060°C/6h/AC+870°C/32h/AC treatment the morphology of the γ' precipitates obviously changed from cubic shape to rod shape and the hardness of the alloy decreased significantly.
[Bone marrow autotransplantation in acute myeloblastic leukemia in its first complete remission. The clinical results in 41 patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABMT is a feasible treatment for AML in CR1. Using bone marrow as hematopoietic stem cell support we observed that delayed engraftment was a common finding among AML patients, specially when the marrow was treatment with mafosfamide. Leukemia relapse remains as the main cause of treatment failure for ABMT.
Production of L-asparaginase by Aspergillus niveus under solid-state fermentation using agroindustrial byproducts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> L-asparaginase, produced mainly by microrganisms, cleaves L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia as products. This enzyme has been applied in the treatment of the leukemia and in food preparation preventing the acrylamide formation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <em>Aspergillus niveus</em> was grown in different solid substrates (agroindustrial byproducts) moistened with different agents (tap water, distilled water and several salt solutions) for different periods (24-240 h) at 30ºC. The enzyme extract was obtained with the addition of cold distilled water, agitation at 50 rpm for 30 min and filtration. The filtrate was used to determine the L-asparaginase activity through the hydroximate aspartic methodology using L-asparagine as substrate. The influence of temperature (30-75ºC), pH (3-9) and chemical compounds on the enzyme activity was analyzed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The highest level of enzyme production was obtained using the M1 mixture (wheat bran, crushed soybean, orange peel; 1:1:1, w/w/w) as substrate humidified with Czapeck Dox salt solution (1:0.5, m/v) for 48-120 h, at 30ºC. The best temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 35ºC and 5.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was increased in the presence of NaCl and some organic solvents (acetonitrile, butanol ethanol, isopropanol and methanol).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>A. niveus</em> produced L-asparaginase under SSF using a mixture of agroindustrial byproducts as solid substrate in the absence of L-asparagine as inducer. The temperature and pH of activity, as well as the NaCl tolerance, indicate its potential to be applied for different purposes. <em>A. niveus</em> can be an interesting source of L-asparaginase gene to be investigated targeting future application.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Preparation of Jam and Jelly using star fruit and assessment of biochemical and organoleptic properties of these value-added products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Making of jam and jelly is the common method of preserving fruit, the main factor being high concentration of sugar that helps in preservation. In Bangladesh, the star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) BARI Kamranga-1 is available from September through October and January through February. To obtain the health benefits (anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, hepato-protective and anti-ulcer activity) of star fruit throughout the year, jam and jelly products were developed using star fruit. Five jams and five jellies were prepared as value-added products using different ingredients with different combinations. Biochemical properties, chemical analysis, and organoleptic observations of star fruit jam and star fruit jelly were measured to determine the quality of the products and overall public acceptance. The overall acceptability of Jam 2 was the highest, and in case of jelly , Jelly 4 showed the highest score. Additional study is needed to understand better, how star fruit can be processed because there are so many local sorts and variants of the fruit. This will enable us to decide which kinds are most suitable for developing specific goods with the potential to enhance health. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(1): 45-52, June 2024