jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a Positive Sign for the Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constant of α Proton in Vinyl Radicals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Machio Iwasaki, Bunzo Eda; Evidence of a Positive Sign for the Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constant of α Proton in Vinyl Radicals. J. Chem. Phys. 1 April 1970; 52 (7): 3837–3838. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1673567 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A Tale of Three Cities: Omdurman

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses the rise, fall, and resurrection of Omdurnan. The triumph of the Mahdist revolution raised serious challenges for the entire colonial scheme. Nowhere were such challenges more serious than in imperial Britain and royal Egypt. While anticolonial liberation movements were visibly developing in both the African and Asian Muslim worlds, the Mahdist revolution in the Sudan had already reached its successful end. As anticolonial activists were apt to admire and sympathize with the Sudanese Mahdist movement, Omdurman became the mecca where anticolonial revolutionary pilgrims arrived from different parts of the Muslim world to examine Mahdiyya with their own eyes. But Omdurman posed a danger to both Egypt and Britain in its ability to aid the emergence of a competing empire, potentially spreading and advocating a civil, Islamic, and ideological war against the competing Ottoman and British empires. The Mahdist state suffered a landmark defeat. Both the triumph of the British and the defeat of the Sudanese set in motion the conditions, the central stakes, and the different modes of struggle for the liberation of the country from that scheme of domination. Omdurman itself, with its population and other Sudanese in the country—described as the national capital—was incorporated into the new Sudanese experience.
Attitudes About University Governance at Ohio Wesleyan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Our group is studying the involvement of Ohio Wesleyan students in university governance. University governance is all of the decisions that are made about how the university operates. Aspects of university governance include decisions on budgeting, student services, designing academic curriculum, policies and procedures for staff, faculty, and students, etc. At Ohio Wesleyan, many groups and individuals are involved in the process of governance, such as President Rock Jones, the Board of Trustees, the Wesleyan Council on Student Affairs, department boards that include student participation, and committees composed of faculty, staff, and students. The issue of student participation in university governance is important as students at Ohio Wesleyan, and across the nation, have begun push for more involvement in making and influencing university decisions. We have developed a quantitative survey that includes questions about students’ perceptions and attitudes of student participation in university governance at Ohio Wesleyan, the reasons that students believe they should or should not be involved in governance at Ohio Wesleyan, and students’ knowledge of the Wesleyan Council on Student Affairs. We are currently collecting data from 160 random students on campus. After all the data is collected, we will analyze the answers to see the trends that do or do not occur. We are collecting this data in an effort to provide different governing bodies within Ohio Wesleyan University relevant, useful information on student attitudes towards their participation in university governance.
Observation of tropical cyclones by high‐resolution scatterometry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Unprecedented views of surface wind fields in tropical cyclones (hereafter TCs) are provided by the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) C band scatterometer. Scatterometer measurements at C band are able to penetrate convective storms clouds, observing the surface wind fields with good accuracy. However the resolution of the measurements (50×50 km 2 ) limits the interpretation of the scatterometer signals in such mesoscale events. The strong gradients of the surface wind existing at scales of a few kms are smoothed in the measured features such as the intensity and location of the wind maxima, and the position of the center. Beyond the ERS systems, the scatterometers on‐board the ADEOS and METOP satellites, designed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and by the European Space Agency, respectively, will be able to produce measurements of the backscattering coefficient at about 25×25 km 2 resolution. A few sets of ERS‐1 orbits sampling TC events were produced with an experimental 25×25 km 2 resolution. Enhancing the resolution by a factor of 2 allows location of the wind maxima and minima in a TC with a much better accuracy than at 50 km resolution. In addition, a better resolution reduces the geophysical noise (variability of wind speed within the cell and effect of rain) that dominates the radiometric noise and hence improves the definition of the backscattering measurements. A comprehensive analysis of the backscattering measurements in the case of high winds and high sea states obtained within TCs is proposed in order to refine the interpretation of the wind vector derived from a backscattering model that is currently only calibrated up to moderate winds (<20 m/s) in neutral conditions. Observations of the TOPEX‐POSEIDON dual‐frequency altimeter are also used for that purpose. Patterns of the surface winds in TCs are described and characteristic features concerning asymmetries in the maximum winds and in the divergence field are discussed.
2D Radiative Processes Near Cloud Edges

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Because of the importance and complexity of dynamical, microphysical, and radiative processes taking place near cloud edges, the transition zone between clouds and cloud free air has been the subject of intense research both in the ASR program and in the wider community. One challenge in this research is that the one-dimensional (1D) radiative models widely used in both remote sensing and dynamical simulations become less accurate near cloud edges: The large horizontal gradients in particle concentrations imply that accurate radiative calculations need to consider multi-dimensional radiative interactions among areas that have widely different optical properties. This study examines the way the importance of multidimensional shortwave radiative interactions changes as we approach cloud edges. For this, the study relies on radiative simulations performed for a multiyear dataset of clouds observed over the NSA, SGP, and TWP sites. This dataset is based on Microbase cloud profiles as well as wind measurements and ARM cloud classification products. The study analyzes the way the difference between 1D and 2D simulation results increases near cloud edges. It considers both monochromatic radiances and broadband radiative heating, and it also examines the influence of factors such as cloud type and height, and solar elevation. The results provide insights into the workings of radiative processes and may help better interpret radiance measurements and better estimate the radiative impacts of this critical region.
Environmental influence and cohort effects in a sexual ornament in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Presence of phenotypic variation is necessary for selection to occur, yet processes affecting variation in sexually selected characters in natural populations are poorly understood. Here we examine whether variation in a sexual ornament (badge size) of male house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) is dependent on individual variation in the conditions during early ontogenetic stages, and whether this variation and the population‐wide effects of external variables such as weather or population size jointly will generate consistent differences among cohorts later in life. Variation in badge size was independent of adult body size, whereas heavier fledglings and fledglings in good body condition developed smaller visible badges as adults. Furthermore, strong cohort‐effects were present, caused by a combined effect of density‐dependence and weather during the early development in the moulting period and autumn after hatching. Thus, badge size is an environmentally‐dependent trait in house sparrows, and likely to be under the influence of both natural and sexual selection.
AN EXTENSION OF LERNER'S MONOPOLY INDEX FOR MARKETS WITH A DISPARITY BETWEEN LONG‐ AND SHORT‐RUN DEMAND ELASTICITIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops a theoretical analysis of steady state monopoly pricing in markets with a disparity between long‐ and short‐run demand elasticities, based on a separation between the long‐run demand schedule and the adjustment process that underlies actual demand levels. This sheds light, in a practical context, on the impact of the speed of adjustment and the firm's discount rate on its equilibrium markup; and on the measurement of realized monopoly power. An illustrative application of the analysis to existing empirical data supplements the theoretical presentation.
Prevalence and temporal pattern of hospital readmissions for patients with type I and type II diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Repeated hospitalisation for patients is common and costly, yet partly preventable. However, we know little about readmissions for patients with diabetes in China. The current study aims to assess the frequency and temporal pattern of and risk factors for all-cause readmission among hospitalised patients with diabetes in Tianjin, China. Method This retrospective, cohort analysis used the Tianjin Basic Medical Insurance Register System data of 2011. The patterns of and the reasons for all-cause readmissions for patients with diabetes were described. The differences of readmission-free survival (RFS) between newly and previously diagnosed patients were compared. Time-dependent Cox models were established to identify the risk factors for readmission at different time intervals after discharge. Results Readmission rates were approximately 30%, with the most common diagnoses of cerebral infarction (for type I) or diabetes (for type II) for patients with diabetes. The majority of patients were readmitted to the hospital after more than 90 days, followed by 8–30 days (all p=0.002). Approximately 37.2% and 42.8% of readmitted patients with type I and type II diabetes were diagnosed previously, and the RFS rates for previously diagnosed patients were significantly lower than for newly diagnosed patients at any time interval after discharge. Prior history of diabetes (all p<0.05), length of stay (all p<0.01) and reimbursement ratio (90% vs >92%, all p<0.0002) were consistently associated with the RFS for patients readmitted to the hospital at <7, 8–30, 31–60 and 61–90 days. Conclusions Hospital readmissions among patients with diabetes were affected by the diagnosis status. Patient characteristics and the quality of healthcare might regulate short-interval and long-interval hospital readmission, respectively, after discharge.
The Emergence Of Specialty Medical Homes In The U.S. Health Care System: Initial Financial Performance Data & The Financial Implications For Provider Organizations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The U.S. health care system is in the midst of significant change in both service delivery model and financing. Rising costs are driving payers – public and private alike – to rethink the current financing and care management strategies. One significant shift in policy is around the structure of care coordination for insured individuals – particularly individuals with complex health service and social support needs. These individuals, while small in number, are responsible for a large proportion of health care spending. Traditionally, the care of individuals with complex conditions has been left to a wide range of medical specialists – and rarely been coordinated across all specialties. But in the past four years, health payers have moved toward ‘integrating’ care coordination with a health care team responsible for all services regardless of specialty. This integrated care coordination model – referred to as a medical home – has been rapidly adopted by many payers. And, a specialized version of the medical home model – referred to as a heatlh home or specialty medical home – has been developed for consumers with complex needs. The model has changed both the relationship of the insured individual to the payer and to their medical specialists. It is early in the adoption of specialty medical homes and two key financial questions are yet unanswered. The first, do specialty medical homes reduce health care spending for complex consumers. The second, what are the financial implications of a specialty medical home model for heatlh care provider organizations. This research examines the available research literature and other published data for preliminary answers to these questions of financial impact of this emerging heatlh care system model.
Supplementary Table S5 from Identification of Kinase Inhibitor Targets in the Lung Cancer Microenvironment by Chemical and Phosphoproteomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Table S5. Mass spectrometry data of chemical proteomics experiments with c-dasatinib and c-sunitinib in mouse xenograft samples of H23 and H292 cell lines.</p>
Associations between Sleep and Mental Health in Adolescents: Results from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

(1) Background: There is a growing interest in investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health development in adolescents. This study aims to further investigate this relationship by identifying the specific associations between several sleep problems in adolescents and several mental health areas, and the role of gender in these associations. (2) Methods: Data from the Millennium cohort survey containing 11,553 individuals at 13–14 years old was included. Nighttime sleep duration and bedtime during weekdays and weekends, night awakening frequency, and sleep onset latency were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Affective symptom and emotional and behavioural problems were examined with self-reported questionnaires. (3) Results: Regression analyses and path analysis models suggested that frequent night awakening was associated with all the outcomes, and hyperactivity/inattention was the outcome that presented a higher number of significant associations with sleep patterns. Long sleep onset latency and late bedtime at school days were associated with higher risk of emotional and behavioural difficulties. Further, poor sleep seems to manifest more externally in males, while more internally in females. (4) Conclusions: Specific sleep problems should be considered when assessing mental health in adolescence, which would allow more targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Further, special attention should be given to gender differences when addressing sleep and mental health.
An updated life‐history scheme for marine fishes predicts recruitment variability and sensitivity to exploitation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aim Patterns of population renewal in marine fishes are often irregular and lead to volatile fluctuations in abundance that challenge management and conservation efforts. Here, we examine the relationship between life‐history strategies and recruitment variability in exploited marine fish species using a macroecological approach. Location Global ocean. Time period 1950–2018. Major taxa studied Bony and cartilaginous fish. Methods Based on trait data for 244 marine fish species, we extend the established equilibrium–periodic–opportunistic ( E‐P‐O ) life‐history classification scheme objectively to include two additional emergent life‐history strategies: “bet‐hedgers” ( B ) and salmonic ( S ) strategists. The B strategists include rockfishes and other species inhabiting patchy benthic habitats with life histories that blend characteristics of E and P species; they combine very long life spans with elevated investments in both parental care and fecundity. The S strategists mainly comprise salmonids that share life‐history characteristics with E and O species: elevated investments in parental care reminiscent of E strategists, but with reduced fecundity and short life spans characteristic of O species. We analysed how the E‐B‐P‐O‐S life‐history classification mapped onto patterns of recruitment variability observed in population time series data ( n = 156 species). Results Generalized linear models suggested that life‐history strategy explained a modest, yet significant amount of recruitment variability across species. Greater predictive power arose after controlling for increased recruitment variance associated with variable fishing pressure, with O strategists showing the strongest sensitivity. The B strategists were susceptible to exploitation in a similar manner to P stocks, but their longer times to maturity made them particularly vulnerable to overfishing. Main conclusions A broader recognition of the distinct ecology of salmonic and bet‐hedger groups is important when studying life‐history strategies in marine fish. More generally, our results stress the importance of considering life‐history strategies for understanding patterns of recruitment variability across fish stocks.
Creep in interlaminar shear of an Hi-Nicalon™/SiC–B4C composite at 1300℃ in air and in steam

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Creep behavior in interlaminar shear of an advanced SiC/SiC composite with a self-healing matrix was investigated at 1300℃ in laboratory air and in steam. The composite was processed via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composite has a self-healing oxidation-inhibited matrix comprising alternating layers of silicon carbide and boron carbide and is reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon™ fibers. Fiber preforms were coated with pyrolytic carbon followed by a boron carbon overlay. The interlaminar shear properties were evaluated at 1300℃. The creep behavior was examined for interlaminar shear stresses ranging from 13 to 20 MPa in air and in steam. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests conducted in air and in steam. Creep run-out (defined as 100 h at creep stress) was achieved at 13 MPa in air and in steam. Presence of steam had little influence on creep strain rates and creep lifetimes. However, larger creep strains were accumulated in steam than in air. The retained properties of all specimens that achieved creep run-out were characterized. Composite microstructure and damage and failure mechanisms were investigated.
Integration of algorithmic VLSI synthesis with testability incorporation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A VLSI design synthesis approach with testability, area, and delay constraints is presented. This research differs from other synthesizers by implementing testability as part of the VLSI design solution. A binary-tree data structure is used throughout the testable design search. Its bottom-up and top-down algorithms provide data-path allocation, constraint estimation, and feedback for design exploration. The partitioning and two-dimensional characteristics of the binary-tree structure provide VLSI design floorplans and global information for test incorporation. A differential equation and elliptical wave filter example were used to illustrate the design synthesis with testability constraints methodology. Test methodologies such as multiple-chain scan paths and BIST (built-in self-test) with different test schedules were explored. Design scores comprised of area, delay, fault coverage, and test time were computed and graphed.< >
Impact of live weight on the quality of pigs halves and meat of the large white breed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The research was conducted on pig carcasses and meat of 12 pigs breed big Yorkshire fattened to approximately 125 kg body mass (group A), and 12 pigs of the same breed fattened to approximately 108 kg body mass (group B). Pigs were kept in the semi-outdoor system, with the same housing and feeding conditions. Meat quality was determined on the sample from M. longissimus dorsi, taken between the 13th and 14th rib. Body mass of pigs prior to slaughter 125..22 kg. and 108. 52 kg.) significantly influenced the quality of pigs breed big Yorkshire carcasses , but not the quality of the meat. Pigs with higher body mass (125.22 kg) had carcasses of different conformation (significantly higher relative share of yawl and abdominal rib -part and a lower relative share of less worth parts and shoulder) and composition (a lower relative share of meat on shoulder and a higher relative share of meat on abdominal-rib part) in relation to pigs with lower body mass (108.52 kg). The meat contents in carcasses was almost equal (47.04 % and 47.20%) in both analyzed groups of pigs. In terms of meat quality, that was usual, no significant differences (p>0.05) were determined between the analyzed groups of pigs.