jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND There is worldwide interest in newborn screening for lysosomal storage diseases because of the development of treatment options that give better results when carried out early in life. Screens with high differentiation between affected and nonaffected individuals are critical because of the large number of potential false positives. CONTENT This review summarizes 3 screening methods: (a) direct assay of enzymatic activities using tandem mass spectrometry or fluorometry, (b) immunocapture-based measurement of lysosomal enzyme abundance, and (c) measurement of biomarkers. Assay performance is compared on the basis of small-scale studies as well as on large-scale pilot studies of mass spectrometric and fluorometric screens. SUMMARY Tandem mass spectrometry and fluorometry techniques for direct assay of lysosomal enzymatic activity in dried blood spots have emerged as the most studied approaches. Comparative mass spectrometry vs fluorometry studies show that the former better differentiates between nonaffected vs affected individuals. This in turn leads to a manageable number of screen positives that can be further evaluated with second-tier methods.
RNA PLAYS ROLE IN PRION SWITCH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTRNA PLAYS ROLE IN PRION SWITCHRNA appears to act as a cofactor or catalyst in change to infectious formSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 42, 9Publication Date (Print):October 20, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 20 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n042.p009https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n042.p009newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics,Infectious diseases,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
New therapeutic approach to hepatic failure using isolated hepatocytes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

複雑多岐にわたる肝臓の機能を代行するには, 現時点では生体肝の有する酵素系に依存せざるをえない. われわれは, 肝臓を細胞単位に分離して, この遊離肝細胞を用いて肝不全を治療する方法の研究を重ねてきた. 劇症肝炎や術後の急性肝不全には, この遊離肝細胞を代謝のリアクターとした体外代謝補助装置を試作し, in-vitro実験では代謝機能を, 肝不全犬との灌流実験では生存時間の有意な延長を確認しえた. 一方, 肝硬変症のような慢性肝不全には, 自身の分離肝細胞を脾内に自家移植して増殖した細胞集団に機能を補助させる方法を検討し, ラット, サルなどの実験成績をもとに, 臨床への応用を試み, 現在経過を観察中である.
Spectrophotometric study of iron oxidation in the iron(II)/thiocyanate/acetone system and some analytical applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The possibility of using thiocyanate to determine iron(II) and/or iron(III) in water-acetone mixturehas been re-examined as part of a systematic and comparative study involving metallic complexes ofpseudohalide ligands. Some parameters that affect the complete oxidation of the ferrous cations, theirsubsequent complexation and the system stability have been studied to optimize the experimental conditions.Our results show the viability and potentiality of this simply methodology as an alternative analytical procedureto determine iron cations with high sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Studies on the calibration, stability,precision, and effect of various different ions have been carried out by using absorbance values measured at480 nm. The analytical curve for the total iron determination obeys Beer’s law (r = 0.9993), showing a highersensitivity (molar absorptivity of 2.10x10 4 L cm -1 mol -1 ) when compared with other traditional systems (ligands)or even with the “similar” azide ion [1.53x10 4 L cm -1 mol -1 , for iron–III/azide complexes, in 70% (v/v)tetrahydrofuran/water, at 396 nm]. Under such optimized experimental conditions, it is possible to determineiron in the concentration range from 0.5 to 2 ppm (15-65% T for older equipments, quartz cells of 1.00 cm).
A Successful Model for Partnership between Community College and University Engineering Departments Leading to Expanded Access to Baccalaureate Engineering Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Increasing numbers of engineering students are starting their higher education at a community college with intent to transfer to a four year university to complete their Bachelor of Science degree. To facilitate the transition from community college to junior year university studies, new partnership models have been developed that offer more flexibility to students without sacrificing higher education quality. This paper shares details of a successful partnership between Everett Community College (EvCC) and Washington State University (WSU) to offer WSU Mechanical Engineering (BSME) and Electrical Engineering (BSEE) degrees located on the EvCC campus in Everett, WA. Extending the WSU BSME and BSEE programs to a location on the Everett Community College campus has proven to be very helpful and attractive to students from a variety of backgrounds and life situations that are historically underrepresented in the engineering undergraduate population. Enrollments in both programs have been growing steadily since the inception of the BSME program in fall 2012 and the BSEE program in fall 2014. Close collaborations have been built to leverage the knowledge, skills, and facilities of both institutions to provide a rich student experience with often limited resources. Community college students can enroll in some of the same classes as junior level WSU students before making the transfer, thus gaining exposure to the upper division experience before committing to the WSU program and providing opportunities for social mixing of sophomore and junior level students not typically available to community college sophomores. Collaborative relationships among faculty and students at the two institutions ensure the transition to be as seamless as possible. This paper provides an overview of the governing articulation agreements under which the program operates before sharing details regarding how the two programs align and integrate specific course curriculum, manage logistics such as course scheduling and equipment sharing, and provide overall continuity in the student experience.
The special importance of housing policy for ethnic minorities: evidence from a comparison of four Nordic countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to explore whether housing policy has a special importance for immigrants, compared with the whole population, by comparing housing policies and immigrants' housing outcomes in four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. There are substantial differences between housing policies and housing outcomes in Nordic countries, despite their common background as social-democratic welfare states. The study shows that immigrants occupy a very different position on the housing market in each of these countries, and in particular that the degree of overcrowding among immigrants compared with the whole population varies a great deal. These differences can only to some extent be explained by inequalities between income groups on the housing markets in the countries: inequalities that affect immigrants. Other important explanations as to why immigrants have worse housing outcomes is the shortage of rental housing (e.g. in Norway), which increases the scope for discrimination and forces immigrants into overcrowded owner-occupied housing, and also rent and price control that create surplus demand and stronger competition between house hunters, which makes room for discrimination and reduces immigrants' access to private renting in particular (e.g. in Denmark). Housing policy initiatives that improve immigrants' housing options are strict needs tests for social/public housing (as is the case in Finland).
Efficient discretisation of stochastic differential equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study is to find a generic method for generating a path of the solution of a given stochastic differential equation which is more efficient than the standard Euler-Maruyama scheme with Gaussian increments. First we characterize the asymptotic distribution of pathwise error in the Euler-Maruyama scheme with a general partition of time interval and then, show that the error is reduced by a factor (d+2)/d when using a partition associated with the hitting times of sphere for the driving d-dimensional Brownian motion. This reduction ratio is the best possible in a symmetric class of partitions. Next we show that a reduction which is close to the best possible is achieved by using the hitting time of a moving sphere which is easier to implement.
Evaluation on Control Effect of Different Herbicides with Different Concentrations to Annual Grass Weeds of Rice Fields in Fujian Area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to effectively control annual grass weeds of rice fields in Fujian,three herbicides with different concentrations,including 1% oxaziclomefone suspending agent,10% bispyribac-sodium suspension and 20%Cyhalofop-butyl oil suspension,were selected to control grass weeds,such as Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.,Leptochloa chinensis(Linn.)Nees in Youyang township of Xianyou,Putian city.The results showed that:20%Cyhalofop-butyl oil suspension is the best herbicide in direct seeding paddy fields to control grass weeds and the control effect was above 80% after 30d-treatment.The recommended concentrations of the herbicide ranged from45g·hm-2 to 105 g·hm-2(active ingredient)with the water 675 L·hm-2.Under the recommended concentrations,the herbicide is safe to rice.
Winiety metropolii pentarchii na mapach średniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The idea of the pentarchy directly expressed by Justinian I (527-565) – Novella 131 – is also perceptible in cartography. This paper examines the 41 medieval and early modern world maps in the context of the vignettes of the pentarchy. From the above analysis shows that almost every map from this period had a vignette of Jerusalem and 37 maps have a vignette of Rome. But only 28 maps have a vi­gnette of Alexandria, 24 maps have a vignette of Constantinople, and 20 maps have a vignette of Antiochia. In the case of Jerusalem, a huge majority of vignettes is a sacred buildings (most often it is the Tomb of Christ). Only in three cases is a Holy Cross. In contrast, Rome’s vignettes represent both religious buildings and fortifications. As for the drawings on the vignettes of Antiochia, Alexandria, and Constantinople, the vast majority of them are character of fortifications. These vignettes are, on the one hand, a close relationship with the history of these cit­ies, on the other hand, they are associated with the medieval and early modern politic ideology and theology. This paper is trying to capture and analyze these complicated, religious, political, and theological relationships, and explaining the meaning of these vignettes.
Enumerating Difference: Lawrence, Freud, Irigaray and the Ethics of Democracy1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“[…] we derive the antithesis between civilization and sexuality from the circumstance that sexual love is a relationship between two individuals in which a third can only be superfluous or disturbing, whereas civilization depends on relationships between a considerable number of individuals”(Freud 55) Freud’s essay “Civilization and its Discontents” (1930) posits a seemingly irremediable problem: the seeming inevitability of the conflict between the individual and a society which necessarily...
Polemology: A Synopsis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The author argues that polemology, the science of war, is much more advanced than irenology, the science of peace. A plea is made for more and better studies in the field of irenology. With reference to polemology some remarks are made on a few definitions of war, the initiation and ending of war, the reasons for war, the history of war, the benefits of war and, finally, the concept of non-violence. Comments made at the International Conference on World Peace, August 1980, Taipei, Taiwan. Comments made at the International Conference on World Peace, August 1980, Taipei, Taiwan. Notes Comments made at the International Conference on World Peace, August 1980, Taipei, Taiwan.
SH383606.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Customers’ Service Satisfaction at Uchumi Commercial Bank in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study centered on understanding customers’ service satisfaction at Uchumi Commercial Bank in Moshi Municipality. Specifically, the study identified the groups of services provided by the bank, factors influencing customers’ satisfaction and measuring customers’ satisfaction levels. A case study research design was deployed where data were collected by using interviews and questionnaire to a sample of 55 respondents obtained conveniently. The study revealed that customer satisfaction in Uchumi Commercial Bank is at satisfactory level as affirmed by test results in one sample T-test, independent sample T-test and One Way ANOVA. Factors revealed to influence customer satisfaction levels significantly include; timeliness (ability to deliver service timely), reliability (performance of service facilities, goods, and staff), staff competence (skills, expertise and professionalism with which the service is executed), Staff attitude (politeness and friendliness), look and feel (appearance, comfort of environment, facilities and staff). Likewise, the test results show that there is no significant difference between perception of different groups in terms of customer satisfaction level as determined by one way ANOVA test results and post-hoc analysis. Based on these findings it is recommended that, there is a need to increase coverage area, improving reliability and use of modern technology to improve service delivery and maintain customer satisfaction level.
Comparison between spaced retrieval and fading out techniques in teaching name-figure relations to older people with dementia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have difficulty in naming people and objects. Some errorless learning procedures are employed to retrieve this repertoire, but few studies compare different methods. This study aimed to compare the learning/recovery of picture naming performance by Spaced Retrieval (SR) and Fading Out (FO) procedures in older adults with AD. Participants were eight people with AD (seven women), aged between 65 and 90 years (median 84.5 years), with an average score of 14.5 on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Participants retrieved seven name-figure relations through the SR procedure and seven other relations through the FO procedure. Both procedures were equally effective in teaching relations to all participants, as verified in the naming and maintenance tests. However, in the FO condition, the average time for teaching each relation was approximately 50% shorter than in SR condition. In practical terms, the FO procedure was faster with fewer correction trials.
Pattern based inductive logic programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new efficient and effective learning formalism is developed by making explicit and direct use of the concept instances and their patterns. In this formalism, a theory about the target concept is constructed iteratively by first constructing the patterns for all the positive and negative examples using the background knowledge, and then reducing each positive patterns. A system based on this formalism, called PIE, is developed. It is shown to be more efficient and effective than the state of the art ILP system, ALEPH, over a selected set of data sets.
Prepartum transabdominal amnio‐infusion for severe oligohydramnios

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transabdominal amnio‐infusion preceding labor induction was evaluated as a means of avoiding fetal distress and cesarean delivery in patients with oligohydramnios. A preliminary study was performed in 8 consecutive term or post‐term pregnancies complicated by severe oligohydramnios (ammotic fluid index ≤ 1 cm) with unripe cervices (Bishop's score ≤ 3). Warm saline was injected through a spinal needle under ultrasound control. Vaginal delivery occurred in 7 cases; cesarean section was performed in one patient for failure to progress. There was no meconium aspiration and no sign of fetal distress.
Stipitate hydnums of the southern United States 1: Phellodon mississippiensis sp. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During a general survey of fleshy fungi from Mississippi, an undescribed Phellodon species was observed in the Tombigbee National Forest at the same location over a two-year period. No other studies of the stipitate hydnums are available for the midsouthern states that directly compare with the new species. Molecular sequence data of P. mississippiensis were distinct from other Phellodon spp. of the southeastern United States. The highly fused (concrescent) basidiomata of P. mississippiensis are found under mixed hardwoods and associated pines. The light tan to light rust (orange) or salmon color on the marginal spines and along the margin of the small (≤5 cm broad) stout spongy tomentose basidiomata makes this species distinct. The presence of rare clamp connections was observed in the trama hyphae. However, identification of P. mississippiensis can be complicated by its concrescent nature and the indeterminate growth forms caused by environmental conditions. Morphological characters and results from the phylogenetic analysis are included in the species description.
From bench to bedside in the sella: translational developments in pituitary tumour genetics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The two most prevalent pituitary tumour types are pituitary adenomas (also referred to as pituitary neuroendocrine tumours or pitNETs) and craniopharyngiomas, collectively accounting for 98% of all pituitary tumours. The genetic basis of these pituitary tumours is partly understood. In pituitary adenomas, established predisposition genes in the germline setting are MEN1 , PRKAR1A , AIP , CDKN1B , GPR101 and the SDHx genes, while somatic driver mutations are well described in GNAS in somatotrophinomas and in USP8 in corticotrophinomas. Craniopharyngiomas are not heritable tumours, but there is a clear genetic basis at the somatic level, with clonal CTNNB1 and BRAF variants present in approximately 95% of adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas, respectively. This review explores mechanistic developments in these established genes, new genes in the pituitary adenoma setting (e.g. MAX , CABLES1 , CDH23 , PAM or CHEK2 ), and emerging uses of CTNNB1 / BRA F testing in the craniopharyngioma setting. It concludes with a discussion of the bench-to-bedside translations of these scientific discoveries as they pertain to clinicians seeing patients with these sellar tumours. In current clinical practice, the most readily applicable and directly impactful translations of recent pituitary genetic research are the opportunities for germline DNA testing for familial pituitary tumour syndromes and tumour DNA testing of craniopharyngiomas to confirm diagnosis (adamantinomatous/papillary craniopharyngioma) and guide treatment (in papillary craniopharyngioma).
Radiopharmaceutical Drug based on Aluminum Oxide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background/Objectives: The regularities of adsorption 99mТс on activated nanoscale powder gamma-oxide Al2 O3 were investigated. Methods/Statistical Analysis: As object of examination nanopowder low-temperature (cubic) modification of gamma-oxide Al2 O3 is used. The area of specific surface of aluminum oxide was 320 m2/g. According to submicroscopy, the particles had the improper shape and a rough surface. For obtaining of an initial drug 99mTc (eluate) in the form of a sodium pertechnetate solution, 99mTc was produced with the chromatographic generator of “99mTc-GT-TOM” productions of PTI TPU. The stability of the complex was determined by measuring the RCP at room temperature (24°C) at different time points (0, 1, 2, 4 h) after preparation. Findings: It is shown that sorption capacity of aluminum oxide essentially depends on its acid treatment. Experimental research of process of adsorption 99mTc in the presence of reducing agent of tin (II) is made. It’s necessary and sufficient amount providing full “reducibleness” 99mТс in a reaction mixture is spotted. For yield rising nanocolloids with particle size less than 100 nanometers and risings of radiochemical purity of drugs additives of sodium pyrophosphate, ascorbic acid and gelatine were used. Pre-award medicobiological tests of nanocolloids preparate 99mTs-Al2 O3 on the observational animals to define the functional operability for scintigraphic visualisation of lymph nodes are conducted. Applications/Improvements: Is of practical importance for carrying out of diagnostic researches in cardiology, oncology and other fields of medicine. Keywords: Acid Treatment, Aluminum Oxide, Hypotoxicity, Labelled Radionuclides Nanocolloid Drugs, Radiopharmaceutical Drug, Reaction Mixture