jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
When Forecasting Mutually Supportive Matches Will Be Practically Impossible

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Forecasting which dyads will develop mutually supportive relationships is an important applied and basic research question. Applying psychometric theory to the design of forecasting studies shows that agreement between dyad members about their relationship (relational reciprocity) sets an upper limit for forecasting accuracy by determining the reliability of measurement. To test this, we estimated relational reciprocity in Study 1. Participants in seven samples (six student and one military; N = 504; N dyads = 766) rated each other on support-related constructs in round-robin designs. Relational reciprocity was very low, undermining reliability. Formulas from psychometric theory predicted that forecasting supportive dyads would be practically impossible. To test this, we had participants in Study 2 complete a measure for matching dyads derived from recent theory. As predicted, supportive matches could not be forecast with acceptable precision. Theoretically, this falsifies some predictions of recent social-support theory. Practically, it remains unclear how to translate basic social-support research into effective interventions.
Experiences of mothers attending well-baby clinics in the Buffalo City Metro Health District regarding exclusive breastfeeding

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The researcher observed that exclusive breastfeeding amongst women for the first six months of a baby’s life is very low. The researcher therefore undertook this study to explore and describe the experiences of mothers attending well babies clinics in the Buffalo City Metro Health District regarding exclusive breastfeeding. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used to conduct this research. The research population included mothers that visited the postnatal clinics and were exclusively breastfeeding their babies for the six weeks and more. Purposive sampling was used to select the research participants. The data was collected using in-depth one-on-one interviews and all interviews were recorded using a voice recorder. The data analysis was done using Tesch’s method to make sense out of the text and data. A pilot study was conducted before undertaking the actual research using the same methods and design as those in the main study. Strategies were implemented throughout the study to ensure trustworthiness and adherence to ethical principles. Three themes and fourteen sub-themes emerged from the data analysis. The three main themes that emerged highlighted challenges experienced by mothers who exclusively breastfeed their babies as well as the positive experiences that they experienced. The participants also made some suggestions with regard to how exclusive breastfeeding could be enhanced among mothers who have babies. Based on the research findings, several recommendations were made, including the involvement of the private sector and Non-Profit organizations in order to improve the exclusive breastfeeding rate.
Numerical analysis on the geometrical aspects of novel cross vane expander-compressor unit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this 21st century, the world is plagued by numerous environmental problems such as ozone depletion and global warming. In search of a green refrigerant, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) was recommended as one of the ideal refrigerants. Unfortunately, as the expansion process experienced high throttling loss in a traditional vapour compression refrigeration system, the CO2 refrigeration system’s performance is inferior to the existing normal refrigeration system. To solve the problem of high throttling loss experienced during the expansion procession, it has been suggested to replace the expansion valve used in the refrigeration system with an expander. Hence, an integrated expander-compressor combined unit, named Cross Vane Expander-Compressor (CVEC) was invented. It was discovered that CVEC was environmentally-friendly. In addition, its simple design and reduced physical size, which have brought more advantages such as space saving. To analyse the effect of varying parameters on the performance of the expander-compressor unit, a parametric study was conducted. The parameters studied are: port dimensions, slender factor, end-face clearance, radial clearance of the expander and radial clearance of the compressor. The performance of the CVEC due to the effects of varying parameters is evaluated using the system’s COP and mechanical efficiency of the CVEC. In general, an increase in port diameter and end-face clearance helps to reduce the mechanical losses of CVEC, therefore resulting in higher mechanical efficiency, while a longer and thinner expander-compressor unit is preferred as this also reduces the mechanical losses of CVEC.
Dispositions and the principle of least action revisited

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Dispositions and the principle of least action revisited Get access Benjamin T. H. Smart, Benjamin T. H. Smart Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Karim P. Y. Thébault Karim P. Y. Thébault Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 75, Issue 3, July 2015, Pages 386–395, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anv050 Published: 04 July 2015
Self-Assembling Amphiphiles for Construction of Protein Molecular Architecture

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Peptide-amphiphiles with collagen-model head groups and dialkyl chain tails have been synthesized and shown to self-assemble into highly ordered polyPro II like triple-helical structures when dissolved in aqueous subphases. Evidence for this self-assembly process has been obtained from (a) compression of stable peptide-amphiphile monolayers to molecular areas comparable with triple-helical areas, (b) circular dichroism spectra and melting curves characteristic of triple-helices, and (c) two-dimensional NMR spectra indicative of stable triple-helical structure at low temperatures and melted triple-helices at high temperatures. The thermal stability of the collagen-like structure in the peptide-amphiphile is substantially higher (ΔTm = 15−20 °C) than that of peptides without lipidation. The assembly process driven by the hydrophobic tail may provide a general method for creating well-defined protein molecular architecture using a minimalist peptide-based approach.
[Stimulating action of hematoporphyrin on motor coordination and resistance to fatigue in rats].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pharmacological activity of hematoporphyrin has been studied on two experimental models which are able to monitor the motor coordination in the rat, namely the natatory exhaustion and the Rota-Rod tests. A dose related effect of hematoporphyrin in increasing resistane to motor fatigue has been observed in the Rota-Rod between 2-8 mg/kg i.p. Higher doses of hematoporphyrin seem to be less effective (difasic effect). In both tests hematoporphyrin was able to potentiate the stimulating effect of d-amphetamine (6 mg/kg s.c.). The potentiation appeared to be dose related between 2 and 8 mg/kg in the Rota Rod and between 2 and 16 mg/kg in the natatory test.
Photovoltaic System Realizing Reduced Power Rating and Circuit Volume in Combination with Partially Connected Converter and Differential Power Processing Converter

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In photovoltaic (PV) systems consisting of multiple PV panels connected in series, conventional converters require a large power rating due to handling the power generated by all panels, resulting in increased circuit volume. A PV system in which a converter is partially connected to series-connected panels has been proposed to reduce power rating. However, a partially connected converter triggers the mismatch in panel characteristics, leading to decreased energy yield. This paper proposes a novel PV system in combination with the partially connected converter and a differential power processing (DPP) converter that can unify panel voltage. By utilizing the DPP converter that is gaining attention as a solution to partial shading issues, the proposed system realizes not only eliminating panel voltage imbalance and enhancing energy yield but also a reduction in power rating and circuit volume by the partially connected converter. Theoretical analysis of a PV string comprising four series panels demonstrated that in addition to the power rating reduction of up to 58%. The performance evaluation of the conventional system and the proposed system in terms of circuit volume suggests that the proposed system achieves circuit miniaturization than the conventional system. Experimental verification of PV systems using prototypes demonstrated that in addition to energy yield enhancement of 12% by the DPP converter, the proposed system achieved an overall efficiency of up to 98%.
Radium - 223 Dichloride Related Toxicity In Post - Chemotherapy Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Treated For Bone Metastases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Radiation pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of radium point to bone as its site of primary uptake and action. Bone endosteum and red blood marrow with absorbed alpha doses of 16Gy and 1.5Gy respectively, showed the highest dose co-efficient in the body. METHODS: Five Patients with post-chemotherapy castrate resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases received 50kBq/kg body weight of Radium-223 Dichloride injection every 4 weeks for 5 cycles. The research aim was to assess the treatment – related toxicity and was divided into: 1. Screening 2. Treatment (including an End of Treatment Visit) 3. Follow-up RESULTS: The ranges of measured parameters for 4 patients at 20th week were within normal limits: Hb : Wk 20 = 110 -126g/l, pre-treatment = 110-136g/l (Range 120-170) Wbc: Wk 20 = 3.3-6.2x109/l, Pre-treatment=3.5-8.9x109/l (Range 4.5-10) Platelets: Wk 20 = 156-241x109/l, pre-treatment = 206-302x109/l (Range 150-400). Alkaline Phosphatase: Wk 20 = 43-128IU/l, Pre-treatment = 57-253IU/l (Range 40-120). The 5th Patient developed bone marrow failure in the 12th week with sudden reduction of Hb from 8th week value 116g/l to 9.2g/l in 12th wk. His alkaline phosphatase flare from 8th wk value of 143IU/l to 12th week value of 290IU/l and wbc count flared from its 4th week value 3.4 x 109/l to 6.0 x 109/l in the 8th week. CONCLUSION: Radium-223 chloride at dose of 50kbq/kg is a safe drug for 6 cycle palliative treatment of bone pains in metastatic bone diseases. The 5th patient’s bone marrow failure cause is consistent with reactionary features rule out drug induced marrow suppression worsened by Radiotherapy.
Problem-Based Learning in a Woodwind Methods Course: An Action Research Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this action research study was to explore the use of problem-based learning (PBL) in a secondary instrument methods course. Six students enrolled in a woodwind methods course and participated in PBL activities—including video assessment, written scenarios, emergent performance scenarios in the classroom, group activities, and structured peer teaching—aimed at improving their ability to diagnose and solve instrument-specific performance problems. We examined students’ perceptions of PBL, including their teaching confidence, retention of course materials, and overall course engagement. The data collected suggest that students perceived themselves to be learning effectively in this PBL environment, and they felt generally confident in their ability to teach woodwinds. In addition, students appreciated opportunities for “real-life” teaching scenarios and expressed high levels of motivation, though they found this approach somewhat haphazard and unstructured. We suggest that PBL may be a viable method for educating preservice music teachers.
Benefits and Challenges of Addressing Cultural Intersectionality for Program Development and Evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Program development and evaluation that promote health equity are driven by community-based participatory research and led by people from select communities to adhere to the principles of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA). This process is enriched when these communities represent intersections within DEIA, such as, for example, Korean American women with depression. Research shows that culture-specific adaptations of services are significantly more effective for these communities than is the standard of care for the broader population. However, cultural specificity decreases generalizability of findings and scalability of interventions. Decisions about intersectionality are affected by implications for science as well as real-world benefits for individuals participating in this process.
Polyoma virus DNA replication is semi-discontinuous

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In marked contrast to simian virus 40 (SV40), polyoma virus (PyV) has been reported to replicate discontinuously on both arms of replication forks. In an effort to clarify the relationship between the mechanisms of DNA replication in these closely related viruses, the distribution of RNA-primed DNA chains at replication forks was examined concurrently in PyV and SV40 replicating DNA purified from virus-infected cells. About one third of PyV DNA chains contained 7 to 9 ribonucleotides covalently linked to their 5'-end. A similar fraction of DNA chains from replicating SV40 DNA contained an oligoribonucleotide that was 6 to 9 residues long and began with either (p)ppA or (p)ppG. Greater than 80% of PyV or SV40 RNA-primed DNA chains hybridized specifically to the retrograde template. Moreover, at least 95% of the RNA-primed DNA chains from either PyV or SV40 whose initiation sites could be mapped to unique nucleotide locations originated from the retrograde template. Therefore, PyV and SV40 DNA replication forks are essentially the same; DNA synthesis is discontinuous predominantly, if not exclusively, on the retrograde template.
The Association between a History of Parental Addictions and Arthritis in Adulthood: Findings from a Representative Community Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims. To examine the relationship between a history of parental addictions and the cumulative lifetime incidence of arthritis while controlling for age, sex, race, and four clusters of risk factors: (1) other adverse childhood experiences, (2) adult health behaviors (i.e., smoking, obesity, inactivity, and alcohol consumption), (3) adult socioeconomic status and (4) mental health. Materials and Methods. Secondary analysis of 13,036 Manitoba and Saskatchewan respondents of the population-based 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey. Sequential logistic regression analyses were conducted. Findings. After controlling for demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and race, respondents who reported a history of parental addictions had significantly higher odds of arthritis in comparison to individuals without (OR=1.58; 95% CI 1.38–1.80). Adjustment for socioeconomic status, adult health behaviors, and mental health conditions had little impact on the parental addictions and arthritis relationship. The association between parental addictions and arthritis was substantially reduced when adverse childhood experiences (OR=1.33; 95% CI 1.15–1.53) and all four groups of risk factors collectively (OR=1.30; 95% CI = 1.12–1.51) were included in the analyses; however, the relationship remained statistically significant. Conclusions. A robust association was found between parental addictions and cumulative lifetime incidence of arthritis. This link remained even when controlling for four groups of potential risk factors.
Transgenic kallikrein 5 mice reproduce major cutaneous and systemic hallmarks of Netherton syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe genetic skin disease in which absence of a key protease inhibitor causes congenital exfoliative erythroderma, eczematous-like lesions, and atopic manifestations. Several proteases are overactive in NS, including kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 5, KLK7, and elastase-2 (ELA2), which are suggested to be part of a proteolytic cascade initiated by KLK5. To address the role of KLK5 in NS, we have generated a new transgenic murine model expressing human KLK5 in the granular layer of the epidermis (Tg-KLK5). Transgene expression resulted in increased proteolytic activity attributable to KLK5 and its downstream targets KLK7, KLK14, and ELA2. Tg-KLK5 mice developed an exfoliative erythroderma with scaling, growth delay, and hair abnormalities. The skin barrier was defective and the stratum corneum was detached through desmosomal cleavage. Importantly, Tg-KLK5 mice displayed cutaneous and systemic hallmarks of severe inflammation and allergy with pruritus. The skin showed enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, infiltration of immune cells, and markers of Th2/Th17/Th22 T cell responses. Moreover, serum IgE and Tslp levels were elevated. Our study identifies KLK5 as an important contributor to the NS proteolytic cascade and provides a new and viable model for the evaluation of future targeted therapies for NS or related diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
Preparation of Graphene/Polypyrrole Composite Film via Electrodeposition for Supercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene/polypyrrole (PPy) composite film was prepared by simple electrodeposition of graphite oxide and pyrrole mixture under acid conditions. The morphology, composition, and electronic structure of the composites were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Based on the fast redox property of PPy and high conductivity of graphene, the prepared composite film could be constructed to a supercapacitor device directly. The electrochemical performances of the supercapacitor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composites showed better electrochemical performances than the individual components. A high specific capacitance of 335 F·g $^{-1}$ was obtained with the capacitance retention of 85% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g $^{-1}$ by charge–discharge analysis between 0 and +1.0 V. The enhanced specific capacitance and cycling life implied a synergistic effect of graphene and PPy.
Transposon‐Induced Norfloxacin‐Sensitive Mutants of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract To elucidate the mechanism of norfloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) resistance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , a member of the B. fragilis group, we isolated transposon‐induced mutants sensitive to this agent using Tn 4351 . Four norfloxacin‐sensitive mutants showed reduced levels of resistance, at least, to ethidium bromide. Cloning and sequencing of three chromosomal fragments adjacent to Tn 4351 from the mutants revealed that two partial open reading frames ( orf s) were disrupted by a transposon. Amino acid sequences of partial orf products had strong homologies to those of Escherichia coli RecB and B. ovatus transketolase. Two mutants carried a recB homolog inserted by Tn 4351 together with R751 (cointegration) and by itself (simple transposition) at the amino‐ and carboxyl‐terminal portions, respectively. Since mutations in recB produce E. coli cells sensitive to DNA‐damaging treatments by quinolones, it is concluded that decreases of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the agents for B. thetaiotaomicron resulted from disruption of the recB homolog. Another mutant carried a transketolase gene inserted by Tn 4351 . There is no reasonable explanation why disruption of the transketolase gene caused a decrease of the MIC of norfloxacin for this organism, although Streptococcus pneumoniae RecP related to DNA recombination was reported to be transketolase.
Clove Buds (Syzygium aromaticum)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Research in the past few decades has highlighted the rising popularity of herbal medicine for curing diseases and for a wide range of other purposes. Natural products are not only much safer than their chemically synthesized counterparts, but they are also more effective. Spices, such as cinnamon, cumin, mint, and clove, have been used as natural preservatives, owing to their antimicrobial properties, since time immemorial. Apart from their flavour-enhancing and antioxidant properties, studies reveal that spices, especially clove buds, also exhibit significant antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a dried flower bud from a plant indigenous to Indonesia. Clove Essential Oil (CEO), extracted from cloves, primarily contains eugenol and gallic acid, which find application in the food industry to tackle the challenge of producing safe food items with increased shelf life and intact nutritional value. Some traditional uses of CEO also include dental pain relief and the treatment of burns and wounds. This chapter emphasizes the multitude of pharmacological properties exhibited by cloves, in addition to their application in agriculture as pest control agents. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the most sought-after compounds derived from the buds are also discussed in detail. The potential contribution of clove buds in designing an anti-COVID therapy is also an important aspect that is considered.
Modular Tibial Insert Micromotion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates micromotion between modular tibial components, one of the causes of wear on the undersurface of polyethylene inserts. The authors measured motion at the interface of nine contemporary total knee implant designs by mechanically testing the implants in a servohydraulic testing machine. Anteroposterior and mediolateral motion between the tibial insert and baseplate were measured with an extensometer placed across the interface. These tests revealed that in all implants analyzed, sufficient motion occurred to create fretting at the modular interface. Although the testing configuration in this study was not a simulation of in situ loading patterns, the authors observed hundreds of microns of motion even under a 100 N load and variability between implants of the same design, showing that there is room for improvement among locking mechanisms in modular total knee implants.
AR-фильтры в Instagram как новый интерактивный инструмент Social Media Marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article describes the modern method of social media marketing – AR-filters in Instagram. Through the analytics and statistics services provided by the social network, it is shown that the development of AR-filters helps to increase user involvement, increases the coverage of posts and, accordingly, the number of community visits. The study and analysis were carried out using filters published in the CTC channel Instagram account.