jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ARGUS: Visualization of AI-Assisted Task Guidance in AR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The concept of augmented reality (AR) assistants has captured the human imagination for decades, becoming a staple of modern science fiction. To pursue this goal, it is necessary to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods that simultaneously perceive the 3D environment, reason about physical tasks, and model the performer, all in real-time. Within this framework, a wide variety of sensors are needed to generate data across different modalities, such as audio, video, depth, speech, and time-of-flight. The required sensors are typically part of the AR headset, providing performer sensing and interaction through visual, audio, and haptic feedback. AI assistants not only record the performer as they perform activities, but also require machine learning (ML) models to understand and assist the performer as they interact with the physical world. Therefore, developing such assistants is a challenging task. We propose ARGUS, a visual analytics system to support the development of intelligent AR assistants. Our system was designed as part of a multi year-long collaboration between visualization researchers and ML and AR experts. This co-design process has led to advances in the visualization of ML in AR. Our system allows for online visualization of object, action, and step detection as well as offline analysis of previously recorded AR sessions. It visualizes not only the multimodal sensor data streams but also the output of the ML models. This allows developers to gain insights into the performer activities as well as the ML models, helping them troubleshoot, improve, and fine tune the components of the AR assistant.
Missing numbers progress monitoring test level 5a. A mathematics curriculum-based measurement (CBM) on the online platform www.levumi.de

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Missing number is a test on the web-based progress-monitoring platform Levumi (www.levumi.de; Jungjohann, DeVries, Gebhardt & Mühling, 2018). The test at level 5a consists of an item pool of 70 items. The test duration is currently 5 minutes (as of January 2020). On the Levumi platform, the tasks are selected randomly from the item pool during the test period, so that a large number of possible parallel test versions can be generated automatically. The appendix contains an exemplary paper and pencil test version. Table 1 is the Q-matrix for the missing number test at level 5a composed of 14 dichotomously scored items and hypothesized difficulty parameters (DP) based on the integrated theory of numerical development (Siegler, 2016). Siegler (2016) provides with the integrated theory of numerical development a combined model of the development of numerical competence. Within this theory, arithmetic follows from the expansion of the mental number line. Siegler's theory offers an explanation for a number of discoveries within research into the development of mathematical competence: size and distance effects, the learning of various mathematical operations and SNARC effects (spatial-numerical association of response codes).
Depth Distribution of Chlorine at Gale Crater, Mars, as Derived From the DAN and APXS Experiments Onboard the Curiosity Rover

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The subsurface chlorine depth distribution at Gale crater has been studied using measurements from the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instruments onboard NASA's Curiosity Mars rover. These measurements have been acquired at or near ∼30 drill holes made by Curiosity along its 30 km drive. APXS measured a ∼15 micron surface layer of bedrock and shallow depth of ∼5 cm of drill tailings. DAN is sensitive to the bulk (∼50 cm depth) chlorine abundance and that of other neutron absorbing elements. Joint analysis of APXS and DAN data shows that the chlorine distribution at Gale crater consists of two components: surficial chlorine with concentrations >1 wt.%, possibly controlled by aeolian deposition of Cl‐rich dust and surface alteration, and subsurface chlorine with concentrations <1 wt.%, likely a result of groundwater activity in the past.
The social, economic, emotional, and physical experiences of caregivers for women with female genital fistula in Uganda: A qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the firsthand experiences of informal primary caregivers of women with female genital fistula in Uganda. Caregivers that accompanied women for surgery at Mulago National Teaching and Referral Hospital were recruited between January and September 2015. Caregivers participated in in-depth interviews and focus groups. Data were analysed thematically and informed adaptation of a conceptual framework. Of 43 caregivers, 84% were female, 95% family members, and most married and formally employed. Caregivers engaged in myriad personal care and household responsibilities, and described being on call for an average of 22.5 h per day. Four overlapping themes emerged highlighting social, economic, emotional, and physical experiences/consequences. The caregiving experience was informed by specific caregiver circumstances (e.g. personal characteristics, care needs of their patient) and dynamic stressors/supports within the caregiver's social context. These results demonstrate that caregivers' lived social, economic, emotional, and physical experiences and consequences are influenced by both social factors and individual characteristics of both the caregiver and their patient. This study may inform programmes and policies that increase caregiving supports while mitigating caregiving stressors to enhance the caregiving experience, and ultimately ensure its feasibility, particularly in settings with constrained resources.
Neutrophil mobilization induced by complement fragments during experimental group B streptococcal (GBS) infection.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Degradation products of the third component of complement have been reported to have the ability to mobilize leukocytes from the marrow and induce leukocytosis. The effect of C3d,g preparations on neutrophil responses in a neonatal rat model of group B streptococcal infection in which neutrophil mobilization from the marrow is inadequate has been evaluated. Dimeric and monomeric fragments of C3d,g were isolated from human serum; the identity of the C3d,g preparations was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Uninfected neonatal rats responded to intraperitoneal injection of C3d,g with a peripheral blood neutrophilia at 30 minutes and 4 hours after inoculation. C3d,g, which lacks intrinsic chemotactic activity, enhanced the local accumulation of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity of infected, but not uninfected, neonatal rats. In addition, myeloid cell release from the marrow of isolated femurs of neonatal rats receiving C3d,g was significantly enhanced. Thus, the effect of C3d,g in this model was to mobilize marrow cells and induce peripheral leukocytosis. Chemotactic factors released at the site of infection then resulted in the local accumulation of these inflammatory cells. Complement-derived components capable of releasing marrow myeloid elements may play a major role in determining the outcome of bacterial infection in the immature host.
Chromosomal abnormalities and clinical conditions associated with the male infertility among Emirati

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Male infertility is a global health issue that is poorly described in United Arab Emirates. Methods In this 10-year retrospective cross-sectional study, we retrieved data of 312 male patients attending Dubai Fertility Center in United Arab Emirates between January 2011 and January 2021. We identified the type and prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and hormonal and semen abnormalities among Emirati infertile males as compared with regional and global populations. Results Total chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 13.9% and 8% among azoospermic Emiratis and total Emirati infertile males, respectively. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities causing male infertility were Klinefelter syndrome, 47,XXY (4.0%); Jacob syndrome, 47,XYY (0.8%); mosaic, 48,XXXY/47,XXY/46,XY (0.4%); and mosaic 47,XXY/46,XY (0.4%). Structural chromosomal abnormalities causing male infertility were Y chromosome microdeletion (1.2%), 46,XX/46,XY (0.4%), 46,XY,inv(5)(p15.1q11.2) (0.4%), and 45,XY,der(13;15)(q10;q10) (0.4%). About 59.0% of the Emirati cohort had azoospermia, whereas 28.46% were diagnosed with other conditions of spermatogenic failure as severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (7.63%), severe oligoasthenospermia (5.22%), severe oligozoospermia (4.41%), oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (3.6%), asthenozoospermia (2.4%), oligoasthenospermia (1.6%), oligozoospermia (2%), teratozoospermia (0.8%), asthenoteratozoospermia (0.4%), and aspermia (0.4%). As for male hormonal profile of the Emiratis, azoospermic males with chromosomal defects had higher testosterone abnormality (72.2% vs. 45.4%), interstitial-cell stimulating hormone abnormality (66.6% vs. 42.6%), follicle-stimulating hormone abnormality (72.2% vs. 41.5%), and inhibin B hormone abnormality (100% vs. 83.8%) as compared to azoospermic males without chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion This is the first study to report conclusively the profiling of chromosomal abnormality among Emirati infertile males, which falls within the regional and global range, and to highlight the critical role of genetic testing and counseling for evaluating male infertility.
FORMS AND METHODS OF INTERACTION OF THE STATE MIGRATION SERVICE OF UKRAINE WITH OTHER SUBJECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

У статті розглянуто наукові підходи до визначення понять «взаємодія», «суб'єкти взаємодії».З огляду на трактування наведених дефініцій, сформульовано ви
Are Presidential Elections Relevant for Local Public Spending? Evidence from Mexico

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Intergovernmental transfers in Mexico represent 84% of income of state and local governments and finance fundamental local public programs in that country. In this paper, we investigate the influence of federal elections and political institutions, such as party affiliation and the control of the national executive over Congress, on the federal budget allocated to state and local governments in Mexico. Our findings reveal that both, election years and the second year of a new national administration, significantly increase federal transfers to subnational governments. Furthermore, presidential elections have a notable impact on state and local budgets, particularly when the ruling parties align with the left or center-left of the political spectrum, resulting in increased resource allocation to subnational governments. Conversely, when a single party controls the national Congress, federal transfers to state and local governments decrease, possibly due to reduced political incentives to support legislators from various regions.
Exploring the pre and post global financial downturn competitive environments of the private banking markets in Singapore, China and India.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to explore the similarities and differences in competitive structures among the private wealth management markets in Singapore, China and India using Michael Porter‘s Five Forces Model. In addition, the impacts of the recent global financial crisis on the markets are also evaluated. The final goal is to recommend a set of strategies that banks can undertake in the short and long term. We obtained secondary data from a wide range of sources, mainly from journals specific to the private wealth management industry. Qualitative data were quantified by using a Five-Point Scale Assessment. From here, within-market and cross-market analyses were carried out. We concluded that India and China were very similar in their competitive structure as compared to Singapore and Singapore was ranked the best across all the forces. Lastly, a four-pronged approach towards relationship management – the key to long term success for a private bank was proposed.
Electroactive Polymer Actuator Based on PVDF and Graphene through Electrospinning

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report a novel high-performance electroactive polymer actuator based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (i.e., PVDF) and graphene. The PVDF-graphene composite membranes were fabricated through electrospinning method. The electrospun composite membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, high porosity, and large ionic liquid solution uptake which are a prerequisite for high performance dry-type electroactive soft actuators. The conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layers were deposited on the surfaces of the composite membrane through dipping-drying method. The electroactive PVDF-graphene actuators under both harmonic and step electrical inputs show larger bending deformation and faster response time than the pure PVDF actuator. X-ray diffusion (XRD) and ionic conductivity testing results for the PVDF-graphene membrane were compared with those of pristine PVDF. Most important, the PVDF-graphene actuator shows much larger bending deformation under low input voltage, and this could be due to the synergistic effects of the higher ionic conductivity of PVDF-graphene membrane and the electrochemical doping processes of the PEDOT:PSS electrode layers.
Performance Analysis of Active Power Filter for Harmonic Compensation using PI-PSO

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the recent decades, the world has seen an expansion in the use of non-linear loads. These loads draw harmonic non-sinusoidal currents and voltages in the connection point with the utility and distribute them through it. A Shunt Active power filters (SAPF) have been proposed as efficient tools for power quality improvement and reactive power compensation. The simulated system is a three phase balanced voltage system with nonlinear load .A particle swarm optimization (PSO) is implemented to optimize the gains of a proportional-integral (PI) algorithm to control the SAPF. The control of the DC voltage of the APF is of great importance. The DC voltage passes by a transient after load variation. This transient is a function of the controller parameters and the load variation. The aim of this work is to determine if the control schemes will be able to adapt to the changing conditions. Different studied for SAPF are implemented in MATLAB\\Simulink and results are tabulated and discussed. Results show that the proposed filter can effectively reduce harmonics while keeping its DC-link balanced.
A Field Trial of an Anonymous Backchannel Among Primary School Pupils

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Backchannels are tools that allow participants to discuss during a performance, such as lecture or presentation, without interrupting it. They are used in higher education and conferences to facilitate audience participation. This study examines backchannels in a Finnish primary school with a class of 12-13-year-old pupils. Backchannels can allow anonymous participation and this feature has been found practical in higher education. In this study, we observed that primary school pupils posted relevant messages at the same level as reported prior studies conducted in higher education. The pupils also appreciated the anonymity as it provided additional safety for self-expression.
Isotonic designs for phase I cancer clinical trials with multiple risk groups

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background In phase I cancer clinical trials, adjustment for patient differences in toxicity susceptibility can be carried out with stratification into risk groups. Separate trials conducted for each risk group can lead to conflicting decisions, in which higher doses are recommended for higher risk groups. Designs which covariate adjust often require assumptions that clinicians may be uncomfortable with. Methods We extend up-and-down designs, isotonic designs and the continual reassessment method (CRM) to multiple risk groups with two-way isotonic regression. The only assumption about the groups is that they can be ordered according to their toxicity risk. The first two extensions, in particular, are nonparametric and easy for clinicians to understand. Results Simulations were based on an ongoing helical tomotherapy trial. Seven different toxicity scenarios were considered. The proposed methods compared favorably to a covariate adjusted CRM. The extended up-and-down designs inherited the conservativeness from the original designs. Conclusion Our experience demonstrates that the escalation rules of multiple risk groups can be linked, without a parametric assumption about the group toxicity curve, to borrow strength and to ensure nonconflicting dosage recommendations.
Primary intracranial malignant melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma (PIMM) is a very rare neoplasm and accounts for 1% of all melanomas and 0.1% of all intracranial tumours. It carries a poor prognosis with overall poor survival. Diagnosis on mere imaging findings of an intracranial melanoma is a daunting task. Multimodality treatment with surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy have proved to be effective in improving clinical outcome in these patients.
Spice raw material available in the domestic grocery trade

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spices are a group of plants represented in every corner of the world by numerous species and used in a variety of ways. The analyses show that over 80 spice ingredients from plants belonging to 33 families are available in grocery trade in Poland. The most numerous families are: Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae. Both spices based on domestic plants and those found naturally in other climatic zones can be found on markets. The most spice raw materials come from plants that grow naturally and are grown in Asia and the Mediterranean countries. Some of the species, e.g. caraway (Carum carvi L.), wild celery(Angelica archangelica L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), occur in the wild state in Central and Eastern Europe. In Polish grocery trade, spices are available mainly in dried and ground form, and the most sold ones are: black pepper, bay leaf, allspice, cumin, garlic, paprika, marjoram, fennel, parsley, nutmeg and cinnamon. Recently, mixtures of spices for specific meals such as pizza, fish, chicken, barbecued dishes and sauces, are also eagerly bought.
Studies on the Inhibitory effect of anaphylactic reaction by Shinisan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Shinisan has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Oriental Medicine. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating allergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shinisan on mast cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal () mice but not in the congenic mast cell-deficient mice. Shinisan inhibited concentration-dependently mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80. Shinisan inhibited concentration-dependently passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE in rats by topical application. Shinisan also inhibited concentration-dependently the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shinisan had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shinisan inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.
Diagnostic yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage gene Xpert in smear-negative and sputum-scarce pulmonary tuberculosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bronchoalveolar lavage gene Xpert had a superior diagnostic yield in patients with either smear-negative or sputum-scarce pulmonary tuberculosis. Hence a positive Xpert MTB/RIF assay may be a useful adjunct to diagnosis and detection of MDR-TB in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.
Early Health Technology Assessment of Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the most promising developments to limit or eliminate the disadvantages of existing heart valve prostheses is the creation of a living heart valve. In situ tissue-engineering provides a promising method where a synthetic biodegradable scaffold in the shape of a valve will be implanted in the patient. The scaffold recruits endogenous cells from the bloodstream and surrounding tissues, the cells form new tissue and gradually transform into a valve. Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV) are in the development phase and not used in clinical practice yet. This thesis describes the early Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of TEHV. The conceptual model of the decision-analytic model used for the early HTA was based on a systematic review of model-based economic evaluations of heart valve implantations and a Delphi panel. The input parameters were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, results from a patient-reported questionnaire, and cost-analysis of health insurance claims database, reported in this thesis. The early cost-effectiveness of TEHV was assessed in elderly patients in need of aortic valve implantation and children in need of pulmonary valve implantations. The results can inform various stakeholders. First, it informs biomedical companies developing TEHV about minimum performance requirements and maximum additional costs of TEHV in different target populations, which can guide priority setting of further research initiatives. Developers of TEHV should especially focus on improving durability of TEHV compared to existing heart valve substitutes, since this was the largest driver of quality adjusted life year gains and cost savings. However, it was noted that the potential improvement in thrombogenicity of TEHV compared to existing heart valve substitutes is expected to result in larger benefits in other patient populations than discussed in this thesis (i.e. young adults or middle aged patients eligible for mechanical heart valve substitutes). Moreover, the headroom was sufficiently large for TEHV to be economically viable. Second, it provides patients and clinicians with the first estimates of potential improvements in clinical outcomes with TEHV, which may result in faster adoption of TEHV in clinical practice. Finally, it informs healthcare payers about the possible entrance of TEHV to the market, the promising potential cost-effectiveness of TEHV and the expected large cost savings for the national healthcare budget, which may result in more timely decisions about reimbursement.
Glottal Closure Instant Estimation using an Appropriateness Measure of the Source and Continuity Constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An algorithm for GCI (glottal closure instants) estimation is presented in this paper. It relies on a source filter model of speech production using a LF model for the source component. From this source filter decomposition, a ratio which measures the goodness of fit of the LF source model is introduced in the GCI estimation procedure together with fundamental frequency constraints. Then a Viterbi algorithm is applied to extract the most likely GCI sequence. Experiments performed on a real speech database show the relevance of the proposed method