jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Protein Kinase Casein Kinase 2–Mediated Upregulation of N-Cadherin Confers Anoikis Resistance on Esophageal Carcinoma Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Previously, we reported that high PKCK2 activity could protect cancer cells from death receptor–mediated apoptosis through phosphorylation of procaspase-2. Because anoikis is another form of apoptosis, we asked whether PKCK2 could similarly confer resistance to anoikis on cancer cells. Human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines with high PKCK2 activity (HCE4 and HCE7) were anoikis-resistant, whereas cell lines with low PKCK2 activity (TE2 and TE3) were anoikis-sensitive. Because the cells showed different sensitivity to anoikis, we compared the expression of cell adhesion molecules between anoikis-sensitive TE2 and anoikis-resistant HCE4 cells using cDNA microarray. We found that E-cadherin is expressed only in TE2 cells; whereas N-cadherin is expressed instead of E-cadherin in HCE4 cells. To examine whether PKCK2 activity could determine the type of cadherin expressed, we first increased intracellular PKCK2 activity in TE2 cells by overexpressing the PKCK2α catalytic subunit using lentivirus and found that high PKCK2 activity could switch cadherin expression from type E to N and confer anoikis resistance. Conversely, a decrease in PKCK2 activity in HCE4 cells by knockdown of PKCK2α catalytic subunit using shRNA induced N- to E-cadherin switching and the anoikis-resistant cells became sensitive. In addition, N-cadherin expression correlated with PKB/Akt activation and increased invasiveness. We conclude that high intracellular PKCK2 activity confers anoikis resistance on esophageal cancer cells by inducing E- to N-cadherin switching. <i>Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1032–8. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A Grid Partition-Based Local Outlier Factor by Reachability Distance for Data Stream Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the field of big data, outlier detection is an important issue in many applications, such as communications, health, and network intrusion detection. Data streams present a challenge to the traditional outlier detection methods due to their unique characteristics, i.e., large volume and sequential structure. The Local Outlier Factor (LOF) is a popular algorithm used in anomaly detection to find outliers in a data stream. However, the LOF algorithm has a drawback. When a new point is added to the data stream, the algorithm needs to reprocess the measurement from the beginning of any change in the dataset. Additionally, LOF requires the whole dataset to be stored in memory. These issues were solved in the Grid Partition-based Local Outlier Factor (GP-LOF) algorithm. A new algorithm is introduced in this paper to improve the GP-LOF algorithm. It is based on the reachability distance measurement in LOF, and we name it Grid Partition-based Local Outlier Factor by Reachability distance (GP-LOFR) algorithm. GP-LOFR has slightly improved the accuracy rate of local outlier detection in our experiments with several real-world datasets.
Basic Study on the Effect of Driver Condition on Steering Burden

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the widespread use of steer-by-wire in automobiles, research is being conducted on high steering gear ratio systems that reduce the burden on the driver, which enables steering with high sensitivity. However, this decreases the resolution during steering and worsens operability, making steering operation more difficult. In addition, if the amount of steering operation and the magnitude of steering reaction torque are not appropriate for the driver, it may cause operation errors. In a highly sensitive steering system, a small change in steering reaction torque has a large potential to affect the driver. The driver’s steering burden varies depending on conditions, so it is not always possible to reduce the steering burden. Therefore, we evaluated the driver’s steering burden on different days and examined the effect of steering reaction force torque on the steering burden. The results confirmed that the deviation of the burden increases as the load increases.
Human-machine interactions in the fake news era: an integrated data analytics and behavioral approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facing the issues of fake news, numerous researchers have been trying to devote efforts with different approaches, ranging from technical to social or behavioral views. This paper proposes a machine learning based framework that considers characteristics or features of various stakeholders or components of the fake news contexts in all technical, social and behavioral views, ranging from the fake news messages, users, contexts, fake news creators or senders, and fake news mitigators. With the end products as the classified real or fake news and the suggested action plans based on all of those features, the system is promising to be flexible in adapting to contextual changes through the time, which is the struggles of most solely technical systems. Such a framework not only contribute to the literature but also provide decision support tools to fake news mitigators, which can help predict, prevent, eliminate or minimize impacts from fake news issues.
The Meaning of Soul in Ælfric’s “Catholic Homilines”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ælfric’s writings accurately reflect the early medieval or Anglo-Saxon deep contemplation of the universe, for Anglo-Saxon scholar’s ideas were culture-specific. Meanwhile, “Catholic Homilies” reveal the author’s personal style as well as the didactic concerns to teach his audience moral and spiritual values. In his sermons, the Anglo-Saxon abbot of Eynsham has an abiding interest in doctrinal issues namely salvation, baptism, resurrection of the body, the soul and body dualism. The abbot identified the soul with the tenet of immortality. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the meaning of soul in Ælfric’s “Catholic Homilies”. The article advocates an interdisciplinary approach which embraces the fields of cognitive semantics, the history of the English language, culturology, philosophy, and theology. As far as Ælfric’s Sermons are concerned, they are regarded as a considerable and invaluable resource for a wide variety of linguistic and theological investigations. In his “Catholic Sermons”, the importance of soul and its faculties are indicated by the size and diversity of the vocabulary. The research reveals the connotations of sawel, i. e. sawel as a superordinate, and other words (such as gast ‘soul, spirit’, mōd ‘mind, soul, heart, spirit, mood’, gemynd ‘memoria’, gescead ‘ratio and wylla ‘voluntas’) as its hyponyms.
Global boundedness of solutions for a quasilinear chemotaxis‐Stokes system with nonlinear production

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we study the global boundedness of solutions to the quasilinear chemotaxis‐Stokes system with nonlinear production subject to no‐flux/no‐flux/Dirichlet boundary conditions in a smoothly bounded domain with , where , , and generalize the prototypes and for all with and . It is shown that if for , or for , then for any reasonably regular initial datum, the corresponding initial‐boundary value problem of () possesses a unique globally bounded classical solution. Compared to the global boundedness condition for in the relevant fluid‐free system [J. Differ. Equ. 268 6729–6777 (2020)], the present result indicates that the slow fluid motion described by the Stokes equation might possibly be adverse to the global solvability in the case that with . What is more, this paper provides for the quasilinear problems with general signal production a universal approach capable of deriving the boundedness of solutions in the optimal range of parameters.
Clinical risk factors and Risk assessment model for Anastomotic leakage after Rectal cancer resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most serious complication after rectal cancer surgery. Risk factors associated with AL have been documented in previous studies; however, the consensus is still lacking. In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify risk factors for AL after rectal cancer resection and to create an accurate and effective tool for predicting the risk of this complication. Methods: The study cohort comprised of 276 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone anterior resection between 2015 and 2020. Twenty-four selected variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors of AL. A risk assessment model for predicting the risk of AL was established on the basis of the regression coefficients of each identified independent risk factor. Results: Anastomotic leakage occurred in 20 patients (7.2%, 20/276). Multivariate analysis identified the following variables as independent risk or protective factors of AL: perioperative ileus ( P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 14.699), tumor size ≥5 cm ( P = 0.025, OR = 3.925), distance between tumor and anal verge <7.5 cm ( P = 0.045, OR = 3.512), obesity ( P = 0.032, OR = 7.256), and diverting stoma ( P = 0.008, OR = 0.143). A risk assessment model was constructed and patients were allocated to high-, medium-, and low-risk groups on the basis of risk model scores of 5–7, 2–4, and 0–1, respectively. The incidences of AL in these three groups were 61.5%, 11.9%, and 2.0%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our risk assessment model accurately and effectively identified patients at high risk of AL and could be useful in aiding decision-making aimed at minimizing adverse outcomes associated with leakage.
Optimized Design of Aircraft Control Surface Driving Structure Based on Shape Memory Alloy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A driving structure using the shape memory alloy (SMA) wire to deflect an aircraft control surface was designed in this study. Instead of changing angle mounts or other conventional methods for changing the attitude angle of aircraft control surfaces, this driving structure drew on the existing idea of smart material SMA driven aileron deformation. The main contribution of this study is the optimization of the rib design inside the control surface: ribs with different numbers of hinged sections were evaluated and the location of the SMA wires were adjusted, to improve the range of achievable deflection angles and the ability of the rib to withstand aerodynamic force. Simulation results show that the use of a three-section or four-section rib effectively improves the aerodynamic effect of the control surface over the use of a two-section rib, especially under the action of larger aerodynamic forces; compared with a two-section rib, a four-section rib provides a deflection angle as much as 20% larger under aerodynamic pressure.
REFORM NEEDED FOR THAILAND’S PENSION SYSTEM: A REVIEW OF OLD AGE SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INSURER NEEDS IN PHUKET, THAILAND, USING ALDERFER'S ERG THEORY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1952, under the administration of Plaek Phibunsongkhram, the Social Security concept was introduced in Thailand. This led to thefirst enactment of Social Security Act B.E. 2533 (1990) and Social Security Act (No.3), B.E.2542 (1999). As the Thai society at present,is becoming increasingly interacting with the senior community, but hardly any focus has been placed on assisting and understanding their needs. The elderly has Social Security as a guarantee that they won't be abandoned when they get old. Therefore, social security is a measure that is crucial and essential for employees who apply for old age insurance. Furthermore, the Social Security Office has prescribed the old age compensation benefit as part of a program to improve quality of life or as a guarantee of employment security while retiring in order to produce long-term benefits for the insurer. This article concerned and discussed on the needs of the insurer who applied old age social security benefit: ensuring rights, dignity as well as income security in later life by using the Hierarchy of Need theory of Abraham Maslow and Alderfer's ERG Theory of Clayton Alderfer.
Establishment of new standard of progressive patient care and evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To establish new standard of progressive patient care. Methods: The actual nursing condition of 5391 inpatients with 237 kinds of diseases from 22 disease systems in three level three grade one hospitals were investigated twice by self- designed questionnaire. The first investigation was carried out using open questions. According to the first investigation results, the interval of observation time of patients’ conditions was divided into 15min-30min, 1h-2h, 3h-6h and 6h; the level of activity was divided into 5 levels: strict bed rest, activity in bed, activity around bed, activity in room and activity outdoor; life-assisted items included feeding, toilet and hygiene; the level of life-assisted divided into whole assisted, part assisted and self-care. According to these results, the second investigation was carried out using closed-questions. New standard of progressive patient care was established according to the second investigation re- sults and it was tested in clinical practice. Results: With the declining of patient care level, the interval of observation time of patients’ conditions was extended and the number of self-care patients increased; more than 80% patients had demands of feeding direction, psychological nursing and health education, and those ran through the whole nursing service. Conclusion: ①different patients had different nursing demands and patients with same disease had different nursing demands. ②the content of current progressive patient care was not perfect and compact, couldn’t satisfy patients’ demands perfectly. ③the new standard of progressive patient care corresponded to clinical practice more and had more practicable than the old one.
Instinct Extinct: The Great Pacific Flyway

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article, or artist’s inquiry, was written in concert with the exhibition Instinct Extinct: The Great Pacific Flyway. Beginning with introductions to bird migration, the concept of global flyways and the history of conservation, the text considers the poetics of art-making relative to academic research. Areas of artistic exploration include a map depicting California’s changing waterscape, video portraits of people of the flyway and assemblages of invented and found avian artifacts. The article concludes with a review of current environmental conditions affecting migratory birds and some reflective passages.
Shape optimization of double-chamber side mufflers with extended tube by using four-pole matrix, boundary element method and genetic algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As the excellent noise reduction in dealing with most of the industrial venting noise in lower frequencies, reactive silencer has been prevailing and widely discussed, according. Most researchers explored the noise reduction effects due to flowing rate and temperature gradient based on pure plane wave theory; however, the effect of high degree wave was rarely addressed. Moreover, the maximum of silencer noise reduction under space constraint, in which frequently occurred in engineering problem, are hardly mentioned. Most of the optimal assessments were oriented with a slower optimizer, the mathematic gradient method. An issue by using a precise and quick optimizer to access the optimal noise reduction of a complicated silencer under limited space becomes essential and obligatory. In this paper, the optimal design of a double–chamber side muffler connected with internal extended tube under limited space is presented; in addition, the genetic algorithm is selected as the optimizer in searching for the best design set. In theoretical derivation, on the basis of one–dimensional plane wave theory, the system four-pole matrices under flowing effect have been established and furthermore deduced to a scalar noise reduction function. To verify the accuracy of four–pole transfer matrices, one set of silencer shape parameter has been used to construct and further acoustic test in laboratory and noise simulated in boundary element method (high degree of sound wave) have be performed individually. The results reveal that all of the four–pole matrix theory, experimental data and boundary element method are in agreement. To verify the accuracy of GA solution during optimization, an optimal design of noise reduction onto pure tone with 300 Hz is pre–run. The result reveals that the maximized STL is precisely located at 300 Hz. Consequently, a numerical case of optimal noise reduction to broadband noise source under space constraint is exemplified.
Binary Transition Metal NiFeOx and CoFeOx Cocatalysts Boost the Photodriven Water Oxidation over Fe2TiO5 Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although achieving a perfect match between a cocatalyst and a photocatalyst is challenging, it is a key factor to maximize the production of solar fuels. Herein, the nanostructured binary transition metal oxides NiFeO x and CoFeO x , loaded through magnetron sputtering deposition, were employed as cocatalysts for Fe 2 TiO 5 nanoparticles, applied to the oxygen production from solar water splitting. After the coverage of Fe 2 TiO 5 with exceptionally small CoFeO x and NiFeO x nanoparticles, the O 2 evolution boosted from 7.0 (pure Fe 2 TiO 5 ) to 56.0 and 63.0 μmol, respectively, under visible light irradiation. To the best of our knowledge, these performance enhancements are the highest reported for the particulate Fe 2 TiO 5 photocatalyst, so far. The improvements result from the alleviation of charge transfer resistance at the solid/liquid interface, as the binary metal oxides aid the charge carriers separation at the heterojunctions and improve the kinetics of the water oxidation reaction.
Prevalence of somatisation as a determinant of burnout amongst staff working in drug and alcohol services

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of somatisation as a determinant of burnout amongst drug and alcohol staff in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a cross-sectional design utilising a self-completion online questionnaire. Data were collected from substance misuse workers across England and Wales. In total, 165 responses were eligible for analysis, yielding a response rate of 5 per cent. Burnout and somatization were measured with Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and the Physical Symptoms Inventory. Findings The prevalence of somatic symptoms was relatively low in the sample studied. The reported levels of burnout were moderate. Personal accomplishment remained high in the sample. There was a strong association between burnout and incidence of stress-related somatic symptoms, with higher levels of burnout correlating with multiple symptoms. Research limitations/implications It was not possible to determine the extent of non-response bias, as at the time of the study there was no information available relating to the characteristics of drug and alcohol staff in the selected services. Therefore, as the response rate was very low (5 per cent) it was recognised that non-response bias might have affected the findings, in such way that non-respondents may have differed in their experiences of work stress, satisfaction, burnout and health outcomes. Practical implications Despite the limitations, the study provided practical information relating to burnout vulnerability and associated physical symptoms in this specific occupational group. These findings can support employers to address staff wellbeing with a view to prevent burnout and reduce existing levels of burnout and related somatic symptoms, and improve job performance, job satisfaction and staff retention through making appropriate adjustments, such as developing staff-wellbeing programmes. These adjustments could potentially contribute to improvement in substance misuse practice, through maintenance of healthy and satisfied workforce. Originality/value There are very few studies looking at burnout in drug and alcohol staff. This study is also novel in a way that it reveals correlations between a variety of specific stress-related physical symptoms and the three components of burnout.
Theoretical analysis of magnetic field interactions with aortic blood flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The flow of blood in the presence of a magnetic field gives rise to induced voltages in the major arteries of the central circulatory system. Under certain simplifying conditions, such as the assumption that the length of major arteries (e.g., the aorta) is infinite and that the vessel walls are not electrically conductive, the distribution of induced voltages and currents within these blood vessels can be calculated with reasonable precision. However, the propagation of magnetically induced voltages and currents from the aorta into neighboring tissue structures such as the sinuatrial node of the heart has not been previously determined by any experimental or theoretical technique. In the analysis presented in this paper, a solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equation was obtained by the finite element technique for blood flow through the ascending and descending aortic vessels in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field. Spatial distributions of the magnetically induced voltage and current were obtained for the aortic vessel and surrounding tissues under the assumption that the wall of the aorta is electrically conductive. Results are presented for the calculated values of magnetically induced voltages and current densities in the aorta and surrounding tissue structures, including the sinuatrial node, and for their field-strength dependence. In addition, an analysis is presented of magnetohydrodynamic interactions that lead to a small reduction of blood volume flow at high field levels above approximately 10 tesla (T). Quantitative results are presented on the offsetting effects of oppositely directed blood flows in the ascending and descending aortic segments, and a quantitative estimate is made of the effects of assuming an infinite vs. a finite length of the aortic vessel in calculating the magnetically induced voltage and current density distribution in tissue. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Faith Concept in the Kyrgyz Language Worldview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the description of the faith concept in the Kyrgyz language picture of the world, to the definition of ways of its verbalization in the cognitive space and its linguistic reflection. The problem of faith is a deep and serious topic, which is the subject of many works in theology and philosophy. We will focus only on those points that are important for the purposes of this study. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the concept of ishenim — faith in the Kyrgyz language worldview and to determine the ways of its verbalization in the cognitive space and its linguistic reflection. The issues of identifying the logical-cognitive and semantic features of the concept of faith, the ways of its verbalization in the human mind and in the language are devoted to many works in various fields of science: in philosophy, psychology, literary criticism, linguistics. On the material of the Kyrgyz language, this concept is considered for the first time from the linguocultural and semantic-cognitive points of view.
New varieties record to Jilin province and new host of Erysiphe sect. Microsphaera.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two varieties of Erysiphe sect.Microsphaera in Jilin province are reported as new records in this paper.They are Erysiphe vanbruntiana var.vanbruntiana and E.trifolii var.trifolii.Their host Sambucus manshurica Kitag.and Gueldenstaedtia maritima Maxim.,are first reported in the world.Descriptions, illustrations and discussions of the two varieties are provided based on the observation of specimens.