jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Tungsten Inert Gas Welded Magnesium Alloy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Generally, magnesium alloys show interesting technological characteristics, which make them valuable for many industrial applications. Good mechanical properties, creep resistance and good castability, recyclability are only some of the most important properties remarkable for their employment in different areas. Generally, at industrial level welding technologies, like Tungsten Inert Gas technique, are used to eliminate and/or to repair the casting defects. In the present paper some details on their microstructural behaviour and mechanical performances on welded WE43 magnesium alloy are evaluated and reported. The obtained results have demonstrated that welding do not decrease the mechanical performance of the material and the heat affected zone cannot compromise the overall behaviour of the welded samples. In most of cases, the material's failure takes place nearly the welding defects.
Optimization of Extraction Process, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Four Species of Marine Red Macroalgaes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Marine macroalgae is one of the good sources of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), especially red macroalgae. As a new type of active substances with commercial development prospect, extraction, isolation and characterization of MAAs are far from enough for the application. To obtain the extraction process of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp.), a series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out to analyze the effects of extraction temperature, time, times and solid-liquid ratio on the yields of MAAs. The extraction process of MAAs was optimized, and the extracts were isolated and identified. The optimized extraction processes of MAAs were obtained as follows: 45 ℃, 3 h, 4 times, 1:25 g/mL. 45 ℃, 1 h, 4 times, 1:20 g/mL. 45 ℃, 2 h, 3 times, 1:15 g/mL. 40 ℃, 1 h, 3 times, 1:20 g/mL. Four MAAs extracts of red algae were prepared by using the above extraction process, and the yields were 249.3, 197.9, 146.4 and 449.5 mg/g, respectively. All of them showed UV absorption characteristics and color reaction of MAAs in UV spectrum and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Furthermore, MAAs extracts from Bangia fusco-purpurea (or Gracilaria sp.) were isolated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain one fraction H1 (or two fractions J1 and J2). MAAs composition and proportion of these fractions were determined by UV, HPLC and MS, and comparison with existing literatures. H1 included shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 (the content of these three MAAs was 95.4% of the content of the fraction H1), and palythenic acid (4.6%). Shinorine, palythine, porphyra-334 (96.3% of the fraction J1), and palythenic acid (3.7%) were in J1. And J2 was palythine.
A simulation-based design framework for automated material handling systems in 300 mm fabrication facilities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We describe a methodology to tackle the problem of designing automated material handling systems (AMHS) for 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities. The proposed framework divides the design process into two levels: architectural and elaborative. Prior to the design, fab data are preprocessed using simulation of manufacturing operations. The output data and fab requirements data are then profiled to aid in design decision making at the architectural level. Once architectural design decisions are made, lower-level design decisions are made and analyzed using a simulation model that incorporates the AMHS. Due to the potential number of alternatives and time constraints on the design process, we are exploring rapid model generation methods. We describe our progress to date in creating this methodology.
"Folk-Say" and Folklore

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As we understand B. A. Botkin [writes the reviewer] in his preface to FolkSay, the second regional miscellany he has edited, he feels that there are strong objections to the word folklore as customarily used. We gather that he regards the term as limiting and also as having become too strictly scientific. But whether we are correct or not, the fact is that this collector has substituted the expression folk-say for the older term. Whatever is to be said against the change, and much conceivably may be said against it, there is this in its favor-it permits Mr. Botkin to welcome to his assemblage many pieces which would be rejected by the stricter and more academic folklorist . . . And . . . perhaps Mr. Botkin is right in his insistence that more elasticity of definition is needed and that fragments of whatever kind should be written down and preserved before these racial, cultural or industrial groups lose their identity by merging in the whole . . . A.. And folk-say is an admirable term for just this sort of thing, with its preservation of the local and temporal which must otherwise disappear.
Seneca Valley Virus 3C Protease Induces Pyroptosis by Directly Cleaving Porcine Gasdermin D

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a newly emerging virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family, has caused vesicular disease in the swine industry. However, the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study revealed that SVV infection could induce pyroptosis in SK6 cells in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner. SVV may inhibit caspase-1 activation at late infection because of 3Cpro cleavage of NLRP3, which counteracted pyroptosis activation. Further study showed that 3Cpro targeted porcine gasdermin D (pGSDMD) for cleavage through its protease activity. 3Cpro cleaved porcine GSDMD (pGSDMD) at two sites, glutamine 193 (Q193) and glutamine 277 (Q277), and Q277 was close to the caspase-1–induced pGSDMD cleavage site. pGSDMD1–277 triggered cell death, which was similar to N-terminal fragment produced by caspase-1 cleavage of pGSDMD, and other fragments exhibited no significant inhibitory effects on cellular activity. Ectopic expression of pGSDMD converted 3Cpro-induced apoptosis to pyroptosis in 293T cells. Interestingly, 3Cpro did not cleave mouse GSDMD or human GSDMD. And, both pGSDMD and pGSDMD1–277 exhibited bactericidal activities in vivo. Nevertheless, pGSDMD cannot kill bacteria in vitro. Taken together, our results reveal a novel pyroptosis activation manner produced by viral protease cleavage of pGSDMD, which may provide an important insight into the pathogenesis of SVV and cancer therapy.
The Effect of Fatigue on Take-over Performance in Urgent Situations in Conditionally Automated Driving

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fatigue is hypothesized to deteriorate take-over performance in conditionally automated driving. In a previous study, we found that fatigued drivers caused low take-over quality compared to alert drivers, however, did not produce more accidents. In this study, we replicated this experiment, but the time budget of taking over control was reduced from 6s to 5s evaluated take-over performance and take-over behavior to get a clearer picture of the effect of fatigue. In a further step, we consolidated the data of both experiments to have a greater sample size and to evaluate the influence of the scenario on take-over performance. Results revealed that fatigued drivers again showed a take-over behavior of lower quality (high decelerations, inappropriate trajectories and initial responses to the TOR, more crashes) compared to alert drivers. The time budget had a significant effect on take-over time and longitudinal acceleration.
CIEC/ICCS (International Commission on Civil Status)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role and character of Private International Law has changed tremendously over the past decades. With the steady increase of global and regional inter-connectedness the practical significance of the discipline has grown. Equally, so has the number of legislative activities on the national, international and, most importantly, the European level. With a world-class editor team, 500 content items and authorship from almost 200 of the world’s foremost scholars, the Encyclopedia of Private International Law is the definitive reference work in the field. 57 different countries are represented by authors who shed light on the current state of Private International Law around the globe, providing unique insights into the discipline and how it is affected by globalization and increased regional integration. The Encyclopedia consists of three inter-linked pillars, enhanced by sophisticated search and cross-linking functionality. The first pillar consists of A-Z coverage of the scope and substance of Private International Law in the form of 247 entries. The second pillar comprises detailed overviews of the Private International Law regimes of 80 countries. The third pillar presents valuable, and often unique, English language translations of the national codifications and Private International Law provisions of those countries. This invaluable combination represents a powerful research tool and an indispensable reference resource.
Ultracentrifugal characterization of the mitochondrial ribosome and subribosomal particles of bovine liver. Molecular size and composition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltracentrifugal characterization of the mitochondrial ribosome and subribosomal particles of bovine liver. Molecular size and compositionMary G. Hamilton and Thomas W. O'BrienCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 26, 5400–5403Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00723a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00723a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amiloride disposition in geriatric patients: importance of renal function.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. The absorption and disposition of the potassium sparing diuretic amiloride were determined in nine elderly patients aged 71 to 87 years and in eight young (25 to 38 years) subjects following oral administration of 5 mg amiloride HCl daily to steady‐state. 2. The maximum and steady‐state plasma amiloride concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001) higher in the elderly patients. The renal clearance of amiloride was lower in the elderly than in young subjects (102 +/‐ 36 ml min ‐1 vs 300 +/‐ 64 ml min‐1, P less than 0.001) as was the urinary excretion of amiloride (36 +/‐ 13 vs 62 +/‐ 18% of the dose, P less than 0.01). 3. The steady‐ state plasma amiloride concentration correlated significantly (r2 = 0.61, P less than 0.001) with amiloride renal clearance and with creatinine clearance (r2 = 0.59, P less than 0.001). There was a very strong positive correlation between renal amiloride clearance and creatinine clearance (r2 = 0.76, P less than 0.001). The slope of the regression line was 2.5 indicating substantial proximal tubular secretion of amiloride. 4. Sodium and potassium excretion, along with urine volume were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the elderly (by 39, 45 and 34% respectively). 5. The disposition of amiloride was highly dependent on renal function, with higher plasma amiloride concentrations in the elderly reflecting diminished renal function. The dose of amiloride should be titrated to individual response, and the lower potassium excretion in the elderly patients suggests that the dose of amiloride could be reduced in this group of patients.
PD17 Skin-derived precursor conditioned-medium-alleviated photoageing via early activation of the transforming growth factor-β/Smad signalling pathway by thrombospondin 1: in vitro and in vivo studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Photoageing is one major exogenous factor of skin ageing. Our previous studies indicated that skin-derived precursors (SKPs) alleviated photodamage by early activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signalling pathway via thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). However, research concerning SKP-conditioned medium (CM) has never been reported. In the current study, we aimed to explore the antiphotoageing effects of SKP-CM both in vitro and in vivo, and to elucidate the possible mechanisms. Mouse SKP-CM (mSKP-CM) collection was optimized by a comparative method. The concentration of protein and growth factors in mSKP-CM was detected using a BCA protein assay kit and growth factor protein chip. The antiphotoageing effects of mSKP-CM and its regulation of key factors in the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway were explored using ultraviolet A + B photoaged mouse fibroblasts and nude mice dorsal skin. The research revealed that mSKP-CM contained a significantly higher concentration of protein and growth factors than mouse mesenchymal stem-cell-conditioned medium (mDMSC-CM). mSKP-CM alleviated photoageing of mouse fibroblasts by restoring cell viability and relieving senescence and death. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot results implied the potential mechanisms were associated with the early activation of the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway by TSP1. In vivo experiments demonstrated that compared with topical intradermal mDMSC-CM injection and application of retinoic acid cream, the photodamaged mice dorsal skin intradermally injected with mSKP-CM showed significantly better improvement. Consistently with the in vitro results, both Western blot and immunohistochemistry results confirmed that protein expression of TSP1, SMAD2/3, p-SMAD2/3, TGF-β1 and collagen I increased, and matrix metalloproteinases decreased. In summary, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that mSKP-CM alleviated photoageing through early activation of the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway via TSP1. SKP-CM may serve as a novel and promising cell-free therapeutic approach for antiphotoageing treatment and regenerative medicine.
Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters7 December 2010Plagiarism in Residency Application EssaysMichael Kirsch, MDMichael Kirsch, MDFrom Highland Heights, OH 44143.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-11-201012070-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A recent editorial (1) commented on an article (2) about plagiarism in residency application essays. The researchers reported that at least 5% of personal statements included copied material. One could argue that plagiarism should bar entry into a profession that properly regards high ethical standards and behavior as core professional values.Medical residency program applicants who become practicing physicians will face a barrage of conflicts of interest and must have a sturdy ethical rudder to navigate around them. Applicants who become scientific investigators will be charged to serve as guardians of the truth, not of their careers ...References1. Papadakis MA, Wofsy D. Plagiarism on personal statements: a disturbing symptom of a broader trend [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:128-9. [PMID: 20643994] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Segal S, Gelfand BJ, Hurwitz S, Berkowitz L, Ashley SW, Nadel ES, et al. Plagiarism in residency application essays. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:112-20. [PMID: 20643991] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Highland Heights, OH 44143.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPlagiarism in Residency Application Essays Scott Segal , Brian J. Gelfand , Shelley Hurwitz , Lori Berkowitz , Stanley W. Ashley , Eric S. Nadel , and Joel T. Katz Plagiarism on Personal Statements: A Disturbing Symptom of a Broader Trend Maxine A. Papadakis and David Wofsy Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Jason P. Lott Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Sameer Siddique , Harris V. Naina , and Samar Harris Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Moxie Stratton-Loeffler Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Jonas B. Green Response to Comments on Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Scott Segal , Brian J. Gelfand , and Joel T. Katz Metrics Cited byPlagiarised letters of recommendation submitted for the National Resident Matching ProgramResponse to Comments on Plagiarism in Residency Application EssaysScott Segal, MD, MHCM, Brian J. Gelfand, MD, and Joel T. Katz, MD 7 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 11Page: 765KeywordsBehaviorConflicts of interestCrimeInternetResidency ePublished: 7 December 2010 Issue Published: 7 December 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of Factors Affecting Muslim Traders (Case Study of Palakka Market Fruit Traders Bone District)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the income of fruit traders in Palakka Market, Bone Regency. The population in this study was fruit traders in Palakka Market, Bone Regency, the number of samples in this study was 97 respondents. Sampling is used by using a system random sampling, the technique is a sampling technique where all individuals in the population. The results of data analysis research that is known states that trading capital, trading hours, and trading experience each have a significant effect on the income of traders. R Square value of 0.503 means that 50.3% of the factors affecting fruit traders' income can be explained by trading capital, trading hours and trading experience, while 49.7% is explained in other factors not examined in this study.
Awareness on Nanoparticles Incorporation in Dental Materials among Undergraduate Students - A Cross Sectional Survey

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Nanotechnology is widely used in day to day life including its use in medicine. Using nanotechnology it is easy to analyse the atoms , chemical bonds and molecules present between various compounds. Use of nanoparticles in the field of dentistry is called nano dentistry. Chemical, physical and biological aspects of nanoparticles should be taken into account while choosing nanoparticles for the use in the field of nano dentistry. Nanoparticles are used in innovations of dentistry. Nano materials can be used for preventing and curing oral diseases such as oral cancer and to maintain oral health care. This study aims at evaluating knowledge and awareness of nanoparticles incorporated in dental materials among undergraduate dental students. A questionnaire with a set of 9 questions to assess the students knowledge and awareness about nanoparticles incorporation in dental materials. The sample size of 99 participants of dental students of Saveetha Dental College were selected by a simple random sampling method. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire in an online site called survey planet. The results were collected and statistically analysed. Chi square test was done and it was found that 71% of the participants were aware about the use of nanoparticles in dental materials, even though it is statistically not significant (p value- 0.436), 73% of respondents were aware about nanoparticle incorporation in impression materials with p value 0.449 (not significant) and 72% were aware about use of nanomaterials in titanium implants(p value-0.340). Within the limitations of the study, it can be observed that the undergraduate students at the Faculty of Dentistry of Saveetha were well aware about the use of nanoparticles in dental materials.
Examination of the oxygen red line signature of a polar cap ionization patch as seen from the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ground‐based observations of polar cap ionization patches have been made for many years. Optical measurements indicate that enhancements occurring in the 630.0‐nm emission line are correlated with these ionization patches. The present study examines data from the Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI) on the Dynamics Explorer 2 spacecraft to determine if patches can be observed optically from space. Since the FPI scanned the forward horizon, it was able to observe the vertical profile of airglow emissions associated with patches, thus giving information about the vertical structure. FPI measurements have been correlated with data from several in situ instruments on the spacecraft. These in situ measurements include electron density, atomic oxygen density, electron temperature, neutral temperature, and electron energy flux. Three polar cap patches have been detected both by the FPI and the in situ instruments. The red line emission patches are enhancements in the 630.0‐nm red line in a specific altitude region which create an irregular altitude profile. The red line emission region associated with polar cap ionization patches varies from patch to patch and occurs in the altitude range from below 300 km to 400 km.
Personality and knowledge mobilisation: exploring individual differences among political elites

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To what extent are personality traits associated with knowledge use by office holders? This article argues that individual differences matter when studying knowledge mobilisation by political elites. In this respect, the HEXACO model of personality is employed to investigate how personality traits are associated with knowledge use. More specifically, following the evaluation literature, two specific types of knowledge use are differentiated: Decision-Making Knowledge Use and Decision Justification Knowledge Use. To achieve this, original data collected among local elected officials from the 26 Swiss cantons is analysed. The findings indicate that individual differences in terms of personality traits are associated with the incorporation of scientific knowledge into decision-making processes. More specifically, openness to experience is identified as a stronger predictor of knowledge use compared to conscientiousness, highlighting its unique role in fostering evidence-based decision-making. Socio-demographic differences are also found to be associated with variability in knowledge use among politicians. By identifying common characteristics among those most likely to rely on scientific knowledge, this research aims to contribute to a better understanding of how to foster informed decision-making within political contexts.