jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The religious factor in Nigeria’s 2019 Presidential election

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyses the nexus between religion and political behaviour in Nigeria’s 2019 presidential election, and the effect on voting behaviour and patterns across the country. The extent of religious cleavages remains substantial and has not diminished over the years. These cleavages follow the Christian/Muslim divide, aside from the denominational differences in Europe and America or the ethnic pluralism in many African states. The impact of indigenous African religions is negligible because there are too many for consideration. This article therefore contributes to the recent resurgence of interest in religion and politics, with the fundamental research question being: does democracy need religion? The paper infers that Nigeria’s nascent democracy must promote a secular state, particularly in the face of the deep ethnic and religious differences that are capable of bringing about a democratic reversal to autocracy and absolutism if not well managed.
Integrative Analysis Developing and Validating Potential Candidate Biomarkers for Cancer Stemness Features of Pan-Renal Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our study, 49 key genes significantly associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stemness were obtained. Next, we developed a molecular prognostic signature associated with stemness features of pan-RCC. The difference in overall survival (OS) between the high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant (p < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 1-year OS, 5-year OS, and 10-year OS was 0.759, 0.712, and 0.918, respectively. The results of validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort revealed the predictive capability of this signature. Furthermore, we selected three genes and further validation showed that these three hub genes were potential hub biomarkers for pan-RCC stemness features.
Googling with the Stones: The Greatest Rock and Roll Corporation in the World and the Mainstreaming of Bootleg Recordings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project looks at the world of Rolling Stones bootleg recordings, Stones bootleggers, and Stones bootleg collectors/fans, first to show the evolution of the business from its barebones beginnings in the late 1960s to its global reach today, and second to argue that, with the aid of the Internet, the band’s involvement with this underground side of their music has actually advanced from casual disinterestedness to conscious and quite profitable corporate manipulation of the industry. The arc of the article takes us from the making and marketing of the first Rolling Stones concert bootleg recording, LiveR Than You’ll Ever Be (from a November 1969 concert in Oakland, California), to today, when the Stones have become active participants in the corporatization of the bootleg culture by striking up a lucrative partnership with “Google Play” for an official digital release of several of their most frequently bootlegged shows.
Are jobless recoveries history? Okun’s law, insufficient stimulus, and slow recoveries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The three recessions in the three decades between 1990 and 2009 were said to be followed by jobless recoveries, as employment continued to fall even after the economy began growing during the recovery. This implies that normal recoveries were followed by abnormally ‘jobless’ recoveries. However, these ‘jobless’ recoveries were actually just slow recoveries, as the recoveries in employment can be predicted using the Okun’s relationship relating changes in real GDP and employment. Output was simply growing slowly to create enough new jobs to keep unemployment from rising. While the Okun coefficients changed, the overall relationship continued to hold. The recovery periods of the 1930s, despite the massive disruptions and dislocations of the Great Depression, similarly follow an Okun’s law relationship. Jobless recoveries in the 1980s and 1990s reflect insufficient stimulus. This is confirmed by the experience after the COVID-19 pandemic, where unprecedented fiscal and monetary stimulus resulting in a rapid recovery that was ‘jobfull’ rather than jobless. Whether jobless recoveries will reappear going forward will depend on the amount of stimulus in the next recovery period.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of oral heat-killed multi-serotype Shigella (HKMS) vaccine in rabbit model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

B dysentery caused by Shigella species, is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developed as well as in developing countries. Now-a-days, we are approaching towards untreatable Shigellosis due to the global emergence of multidrug resistance which is increasing the importance of an anti-dysentery vaccine. Till date no suitable Shigella vaccine is available for public health use. The immune responses against Shigella species are serotype-specific and there are different serotypes of Shigella species which demands an immunization strategy that will include multiple vaccine strains to provide protection against multiple serotypes. In our study, we evaluated the protective efficacy and immune response of heat-killed cocktail form (HKMS) of six Shigella strains (S. dysenteriae 1, S. flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, S. boydii and S. sonnei) in rabbit model. Rabbits were immunized with 107 heat-killed Shigella strains four times with one week interval on 0, 7th, 14th & 21st day and were challenged on the 28th day with 109 organisms of wild type virulent Shigella strains. Immunized rabbits did not develop shigellosis compare to the non-immunized rabbits. Serum IgG and IgA titers showed exponential rise during oral immunization. Antibody in Lymphocyte Supernatant (ALS) assay, Cytokine assay and Immunoblotting against both whole cell lysates and lypopolysaccharide have demonstrated a strong protective immune response following the oral immunization of HKMS; thus justifying the potential of HKMS to become a “non-living” vaccine candidate against shigellosis in our future. Dhrubajyoti Nag, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.018
A Comprehensive Framework for Using Iterative Analysis to Improve Human-Intensive Process Security: An Election Example

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an approach for analyzing complex processes, including those involving human agents, hardware devices, and software systems, and illustrates the utility of this approach by analyzing part of a process for holding an election. In the work described here, the Little-JIL process definition language is used to create a precise and detailed model of an election process. Given this process definition, two forms of automated analysis are used to explore the possibility that specified security policies could be undermined. Model checking is first used to identify process execution sequences that violate event-sequence security policies and other properties. After these are addressed, fault-tree analysis is applied to identify when the misperformance of steps might allow security breaches or other undesirable outcomes to occur. The results of these analyses can provide assurance about the process, suggest areas for improvement, and, when applied to a modified process definition, evaluate proposed changes in the process.
α‐Alkylation of Mono‐Carbonyl Compounds with N‐Allylamines through Cooperative Actions of Lewis Acids and a Brønsted Base

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a strategy for the union of N‐allylamines and carbonyl compounds by the concerted action of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and a N‐based Brønsted base under redox‐neutral conditions. The reaction of in situ generated conjugated iminium ions and enolates affords δ‐aminocarbonyl compounds without waste generation. Furthermore, we describe that the cooperative action of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 , a chiral Zn‐based complex, and an amine facilitates the stereoselective reaction of a glycinate Schiff base ester and an N‐allylamine to afford an α‐substituted α‐amino ester.
[Interview of Doctor Monekosso: structural adjustment --a medication that is making us ill].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After 1977 the world's economic situation deteriorated, and by the 1980's Africa's standard of living was the lowest in the world: 2.3% lower than the region's population growth rate. The economic crisis and structural adjustment policies (SAP) have had a negative influence on the development of health care in Africa. The health sector in all African countries have the lowest budgets and these meager budgets were further cut with the SAP. The WHO stated that of 21 Ministries of Health surveyed in 1987, only 3 had a health budget over 9% with the remaining 18 between 2-8%; by 1986-87 and as a result of SAP it became 2.4%. Such a decline affected the availability and accessibility of health care, medicines, transportation, and health personnel. The lack of resources and manpower promoted the onset of epidemics such as cholera and diarrhea. Rural migration to the cities has aggravated promiscuity and exacerbated contagious diseases like tuberculosis and malaria. The victims of SAP are generally women and children. The economic crisis facing Africa is so devastating that families can no longer afford to pay for gas, hospitalization and medication when they are ill. African women are the ones responsible for the health status of the family, including their nutrition. The negative effects of the SAP on women are being felt in their levels of malnutrition, lack of prenatal care, and deliveries without health personnel. Zambia's infant and child mortality rate (1-14) has grown from 27-47%, while Burkina Faso and Chad have IMR's of over 200/1000 live births. The health status of children are equally aggravated by war and famine. In spite of all these obstacles, Senegal is trying to overcome the problems through community action. In 1985 the health committees contributed more than 386 million CFA to build health facilities and provide medications to the community. Between 24-70% of all health care is covered by donor assistance in Africa.
Descriptive approaches to landscape analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Descriptive landscape analyses include various procedures used to document visual/scenic resources. Historic and regional examples of landscape description represent desirable insight for contemporary professional inventory work. Routed and areal landscape inventories are discussed as basic tools. From them, qualitative and quantitative evaluations can be developed although certain landscape attributes are omitted. Aesthetic evaluations and visual impact predictions for environmental impact studies can originate from landscape analyses. Scope and implications of needed research in visual landscape studies are discussed. Finally, landscape planning goals and landscape design policies are outlined as visual quality controls. The professional role of landscape architects and environmental planners is stressed in the paper.
Sigma Observations of the Galactic Centre

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract After the first year of performance of SIGMA, more than 390 hours of data on the Galactic Centre region have been recorded. This survey establishes the extremely variable nature of this region. During a period of 6 months, 3 sources have dominated successively: 1E 1740.7-2942, GRS 1758-258, GX1 + 4. Concerning the two first sources, their spectral shape and their variability suggest to include them in the list of the black hole candidates.
Movimentos insurgentes no educar para as relações étnico-raciais no ensino de ciências e biologia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This text focuses on Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations (EERR) in the context of Science and Biology teaching, specifically addressing the debate on the topic in the (initial and continuing) training of Science teachers and the development of pedagogical practices in Basic Education. In three sections, we reflect on the following points: the inclusion of EERR in undergraduate courses in Biological Sciences; the motivations of teachers for seeking continuing education in EERR, according to participants in an extension course; and the development of EERR proposals that have been carried out in conjunction with the extension projects “School Garden” and “Black Women Doing Science” in a federal technical school. We reflect on the importance of including ERER in initial training courses and in extension activities that aim to contribute to the continuing education of teachers in practice, as well as in the development and implementation of activities that promote racial literacy for basic education students.
Predictive modeling with high-dimensional data streams: an on-line variable selection approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a computationally efficient algorithm for on-line variable selection in multivariate regression problems involving high dimensional data streams. The algorithm recursively extracts all the latent factors of a partial least squares solution and selects the most important variables for each factor. This is achieved by means of only one sparse singular value decomposition which can be efficiently updated on-line and in an adaptive fashion. Simulation results based on artificial data streams demonstrate that the algorithm is able to select important variables in dynamic settings where the correlation structure among the observed streams is governed by a few hidden components and the importance of each variable changes over time. We also report on an application of our algorithm to a multivariate version of the ”enhanced index tracking” problem using financial data streams. The application consists of performing on-line asset allocation with the objective of overperforming two benchmark indices simultaneously.
Characteristics Associated With the Acceptance of Patient Medication Information Sheets Among Michigan Pharmacists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The dilfusion of innovation theory was used as a framework to examine differences between purchasers and nonpurchasers of a set of written medication information sheets sponsored by the Michigan Pharmacists Association. Self-administered questionnaires (n = 154) and follow-up telephone interviews 18 months later (n = 33) obtained data from Michigan pharmacists regarding socioeconomic, personality, communication, and practice behavior variables. Pharmacists' cynicism and their exposure to mass media about Ule sheets were the most highly correlated and predictive variables for purchasing the sheets. Pharmacists who purchased the sheets tended to use them as an innovation to improve their patient counseling behavior. The findings of the study suggest that pharmacists extensively involved in their professional organizations are more innovative in the distributive aspects of pharmacy and are more willing to try new practice ideas in patient counseling.
Lucidity in deeply forgetful people: A national U.S. survey of caregivers’ reactions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background Despite the prevalence and challenge of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, glimmers of hope arise during lucid moments. Caregivers, often burdened, play a crucial role. The study explored emotional responses to witnessed episodes of unexpected lucidity in deeply forgetful people, aiming to highlight the significance and varying reactions, especially among caregivers of this population. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate how moments of unexpected lucidity are experienced by those who witness them, and to examine whether caregivers and non-caregivers, as well as different types of caregivers may have different emotional reactions to the episodes. Methods A probability-based sample representative of the United States adult population aged 40 and older with internet access was employed. 5944 respondents completed screening questions regarding whether they knew an individual with dementia and had witnessed unexpected lucidity. Close to 2000 individuals answered questions regarding their emotional reactions to witnessing unexpected lucidity, which we aimed to examine in more detail. Results Both caregivers and non-caregivers showed a tendency towards positive emotions in response to lucid episodes, yet negative emotions were also mentioned. We observed group differences (caregivers versus non-caregivers, different caregiver types) in the emotional responses for some of the examined emotions. Conclusions Caregivers can find inspiration in these fleeting moments. The research aims to guide caregivers and enhance the understanding of the enduring self-identity of deeply forgetful people, promoting compassionate care and recognizing the significance of our shared humanity.
Credit Rating Agencies and the IPE: Not as influential as thought?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Do Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) affect national policy? This study critically examines assertions of a possible convergence to neo-liberal standards induced by sovereign bond ratings. By arguing that the role of the agencies in the global political economy has been exaggerated, the study finds that CRAs do not have a direct causal effect on domestic economic reforms. Employing a sample that covers the great majority of rated countries, it is shown that there is a robust trend towards deregulation and reform in accordance with neo-liberal standards. Nevertheless, sovereign bond ratings are not directly related to this process. Lower rated countries, or those more frequently downgraded, do not differ significantly from the highly rated countries in their pattern of policy reform. This result holds for policy domains such as regulation of credit, labour and business, inflation levels, legal structure and security of property rights, and the size of the public sector. It is concluded that the role of the CRAs as potential instigators of domestic reform is limited.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Delivering Real-time Video-based Coaching to Enhance Provider Communication Skills&nbsp;&nbsp;

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

BackgroundDespite a growing call to train providers in interpersonal communication skills, communication training is either not offered or is minimally effective, if at all. A critical need exists to develop new ways of teaching communication skills that are effective and mindful of provider time pressures. We propose a program that includes real-time observation and video-based coaching to teach provider communication skills. In this study, we assess acceptability and feasibility of the program using provider interviews and surveys. MethodsThe coaching intervention involved training providers to use five patient-centered communication behaviors. Two coaches were trained to observe and record live video feeds of provider visits. As coaches observed provider visits, they prepared feedback, which they delivered to the provider. During coaching sessions, coaches gave feedback while showing clips from the visit in which patient-centered communication behaviors could be included. Coaches practiced communication skills with providers using role-plays during coaching sessions. Providers included residents (n=15), fellows (n=3), attending physicians (n=3), and a nurse practitioner (n=1) from a VA clinic and county clinic specializing in care for patients with HIV. We report descriptive results from a survey taken by providers participating in the program. The survey was adapted from validated items used in I/O psychology to assess the feedback environment, including questions about the intervention’s feasibility and acceptability. A qualitative analysis was also conducted on transcripts of provider interviews following the intervention. We used rapid analysis to identify themes within the interviews.ResultsSurvey measures on showed high feasibility and acceptability ratings from providers, with mean item scores ranging from 6.2 to 6.8 on a 7-point scale. Qualitative analysis revealed that providers found that 1) coaches were credible and supportive, 2) feedback was useful, 3) video-clips allowed for self-reflection, 4) getting feedback on the same day was useful, and 5) use of real patients preferred over standardized patients. ConclusionsVideo-based coaching can help providers learn new communication skills in a way that is provider-centered, brief and timely. Our study demonstrates that real-time coaching using live feed and video technology is an acceptable and feasible way of teaching communication skills.
Cultural awareness in nursing and health care Karen Holland Cultural awareness in nursing and health care Christine Hogg Hodder Arnold £21.99 | 262pp97803409729080340972904

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This book encourages readers to reflect on their experiences and attitudes in delivering appropriate and non-discriminatory care. it focuses on issues related to culture, religion and health beliefs. The authors explore relevant literature and evidence pertaining to gender, migration, transcultural psychiatry and family.
Impact of socio-economic factors on the formation of disability in children of Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction. There are not enough studies dealing with the assessment of impact of socio-economic factors on the health of the population at the interregional level. However, the instability of the economic situation requires a periodic repetition of such researches. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the children’s disability prevalence and the main indices characterizing socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Official data on the prevalence of disability in children aged 0-17 years and the level of basic indices characterizing the socio-economic situation in the country were analyzed in the context of 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period 2017-2019. The socio-economic characteristics of the population were the unemployment rate, monetary income, housing conditions, and consumption of basic food products. Spearman rank correlation method was used to determine the links. Results. It was established that there is still significant interregional variability in the prevalence of children’s disability both in Federal districts and in the subjects of the Federation. It’s been revealed various degrees of severity correlation between the childrens’ disability prevalence in the subjects of the Russian Federation and many socio-economic factors including unemployment; average per capita monetary income of the population; the proportion of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence minimum; total area of residential premises, which is on average per inhabitant; the share of young families registered as needing housing, from the total number of family cells with children under 18 years; consumption of cheaper food. Conclusion. The results should be taken into account in the development of programs for the children’s disability prevention; full responsibility should not been placed on the healthcare system only.