jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiate receptor tyrosine kinase therapies in bladder cancer cells in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Jennifer Bourn,1,2 Maria Cekanova1,2 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; 2UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Purpose: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) are used as targeted therapies for patients diagnosed with cancer with highly expressed receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit receptor. Resistance to targeted therapies is partially due to the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In this study, we validated the effects of two RTKIs, axitinib and AB1010, in combination with COX inhibitors on the V-akt murine thymoma oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and COX-2 signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells.Methods: The expression of several RTKs and their downstream signaling targets was analyzed by Western blot (WB) analysis in human and canine bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines. The effects of RTKIs and COX inhibitors in bladder TCC cells were assessed by MTS for cell viability, by Caspase-3/7 and Annexin V assay for apoptosis, by WB analysis for detection of COX-2 and Akt signaling pathways, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels.Results: All tested TCC cells expressed the c-Kit and PDGFRα receptors, except human 5637 cells that had low RTKs expression. In addition, all tested cells expressed COX-1, COX-2, Akt, extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhance of activated B cells proteins, except human UM-UC-3 cells, where no COX-2 expression was detected by WB analysis. Both RTKIs inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in tested bladder TCC cells, which positively correlated with their expression levels of the PDGFRα and c-Kit receptors. RTKIs increased the expression of COX-2 in h-5637 and K9TCC#1Lillie cells. Co-treatment of indomethacin inhibited AB1010-induced COX-2 expression leading to an additive effect in inhibition of cell viability and PGE2 production in tested TCC cells.Conclusion: Co-treatment of RTKIs with indomethacin inhibited cell viability and AB1010-induced COX-2 expression resulting in decreased PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Thus, COX inhibition may further potentiate RTKIs therapies in bladder cancer. Keywords: transitional cell carcinoma, axitinib, masitinib, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, indomethacin
Spotlight on Practice Promoting the participation of children and young people in care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: There are particular reasons why it is important for children and young people in care to have some say in the decisions that are made about their lives. The aim of this paper is to outline these and to review the developments and the research concerning the participation of children in care in processes and decisions that affect them. Method: This paper reviews the research literature from the UK, North America, Australia and New Zealand. It explores the perceptions of children and young people in care concerning the extent to which they have been able to participate in decisions that affect them, the reasons they want to do so, and what is required to make it effective. Results: Children and young people in care clearly wish to have some say in the way decisions are made about their lives and generally do not believe that they have adequate appropriate opportunities to do so. Conclusions: Genuine and effective participation depends on several conditions: opportunity and choice in ways to participate, access to relevant information, the availability of a trusted advocate, proper resourcing, and supportive policy and legislation. Feedback from children and young people is also required to indicate whether it is happening.
Effects of Hybridization between Nonnative Rainbow Trout and Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout on Fitness‐Related Traits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hybridization between introduced and native fauna is a risk to native species and may threaten the long‐term persistence of numerous taxa. Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has been one of the most widely introduced species around the globe and often hybridizes with native Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii in the Rocky Mountains. Previous work has shown that hybridization negatively affects reproductive success, but identification of the traits contributing to that reduction has been elusive. In this study, we used a combination of field and laboratory techniques to assess how hybridization with Rainbow Trout affects seven traits during several stages of Westslope Cutthroat Trout development: embryonic survival, ova size, ova energy concentration, sperm motility, juvenile weight, juvenile survival, and burst swimming endurance. Rainbow Trout admixture was correlated with an increase in embryonic survival and ova energy concentration but with a decrease in juvenile weight and burst swimming endurance. These correlations differed from previously observed patterns of reproductive success and likely do not explain the declines in reproductive success associated with admixture. Future investigation of additional, unstudied traits and the use of different environments may shed light on the traits responsible for reproductive success in admixed Cutthroat Trout.
Anomalous Pr Ordering for Pr 1222- and 2222-Type Structure Compounds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic properties of the 1222-type structure compounds (Pb,M)(Sr,Pr)2(Pr,Ce)2Cu2O9 (M = Cu and Cd) and the 2222-type compound Bi2Sr2(Pr,Ce)2Cu2O10 are reported. The magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that Pr3+ moments are ordered antiferromagnetically around TN(Pr) of 15–18 K for (Pb0.5M0.5)(Sr0.9Pr0.1)2(Pr0.7Ce0.3)2Cu2O9 (M = Cu and Cd), and at 22–24 K for Bi2Sr2(Pr0.82Ce0.18)2Cu2O10. Except TN(Pr), there is no other anomalous peak appearing in the susceptibility curve, which is different from the other reported 1222 MSr2PrCu2O10 (M = Nb, Ta, Ga, In) systems. In the range of above TN(Pr) to room temperature, the susceptibility curve can be well fitted by a Curie-Weiss law with an effective magnetic moment μeff of 3.12, 2.79 and 3.09 μB per Pr ion for (Pb0.5Cu0.5)(Sr0.9Pr0.1)2(Pr0.7Ce0.3)2Cu2O9, (Pb0.5Cd0.5)(Sr0.9Pr0.1)2(Pr0.7Ce0.3)2Cu2O9 and Bi2Sr2(Pr0.82Ce0.18)2Cu2O10, respectively. The anomalous Pr magnetism and the suppression of superconductivity by Pr in the above compounds are discussed with the related Pr-containing 1212, 2212, 3212 and 214 compounds.
Photoactivated stereospecific cleavage of double-helical DNA by cobalt(III) complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoactivated stereospecific cleavage of double-helical DNA by cobalt(III) complexesJacqueline K. Barton and Adrienne L. RaphaelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 8, 2466–2468Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00320a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00320a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views743Altmetric-Citations319LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the First Tetracyanamidogallate.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract LiSr 2 [Ga(CN 2 ) 4 ] is synthesized by solid state metathesis reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrF 2 , GaF 3 , and Li 2 (CN 2 ) (475 °C, 30 h, 100% yield).
Hand Hygiene Compliance during COVID-19 Pandemic among Neonatal Nurses in a Federal University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Compliance with Hand hygiene (HH) has been considered as a simple and the most efficient strategy to reduce hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Compliance with this practice is not often assessed in Nigeria and thus posed a significant risk to the quality of care and patient safety and especially in this era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess neonatal nurses’ compliance to “my five moments for HH”. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a Nigerian federal hospital, using an adapted version of a standardized observational WHO tool of ‘’my five moments of HH’’. A Chi-square test was employed to examine the relationship of HH compliance across units, shifts, and “my five moments for HH” opportunities. Results: The observer recorded 425 HH opportunities and the total HH compliance rate was (62.8%). There was no association between the units, working shifts, and nurses’ HH compliance. Compliance to HH was dependent on the five moments of HH (p < 0.000), better compliance was seen after body fluid exposure (100%), followed by after newborn contact (86.3%), and after contact with newborn surroundings (63.4%), while compliance before newborn contact (28.5%), and before an aseptic procedure (9.1%) were poor. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a significant gap with the HH compliance among neonatal nurses, suggesting multiple opportunities for neonatal infections despite the current awareness of HH in the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, there is a need to intensify infection control practices in Nigeria, especially on HH practice.
Comparison of Change in Hindfoot Alignment with Coleman Block Testing Using Clinical Exam, X-ray, and Weight-bearing CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Category: Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The Coleman block test has traditionally been used to distinguish between forefoot- and hindfoot-driven deformity as well as flexibility of cavovarus deformity. However, there has been no validation of the Coleman block test using x- rays or weightbearing CT scan. The purpose of this study was to compare hindfoot alignment in cavovarus feet with and without the Coleman block using clinical exam, x-ray, and weightbearing CT scan. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 7 feet in 7 patients. The average age was 57, there were 5 males, and the average BMI was 34.7. Average calcaneal pitch was 30 degrees. Clinical measurements were made using standing talocalcaneal angle (STCA) and resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) with and without a Coleman block using a camera positioned at 0 degrees to the heels. Hindfoot angle (HFA) was measured off of Saltzman-view x-rays and off of weightbearing CT coronal reconstructions with and without the Coleman block. Finally, foot ankle offset (FAO) was measured with and without the Coleman block from weightbearing CT using Cubeview TALAS software. Differences before and after Coleman block were measured using paired t- testing and correlations between different hindfoot alignment measurements were made using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results:: The average change in STCA before and after Coleman block placement was 2.9 degrees (7.14 varus without block, 4.28 degrees of varus with block; p<0.05). The average change in hindfoot angle before and after Coleman block using X-ray was 7.4 degrees (14 degrees varus without block, 6 degrees varus with block; p=0.08), and using CT was 3.9 degrees (14 degrees varus without block, 10 degrees varus with block; p= 0.06). There was no significant change in FAO before and after Coleman block testing. STCA was best-correlated with FAO (R= 0.7, p<0.05). CT HFA was also well-correlated with FAO (R=0.68, p<0.05). There was lesser correlation between X-ray HFA and FAO (R=0.608, p<0.05) and X-ray HFA and SCTA (p=0.63, p<0.05). Conclusion:: Although Coleman block testing resulted in a decrease in varus, no patient had full re-constitution of physiologic hindfoot valgus with any measurement method. This suggests that either the forefoot was a partial (but never a complete) ‘driver’ of hindfoot varus deformity, or that there was some degree of rigidity in all patients tested. FAO did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference with and without Coleman block on this small sample size. FAO was best correlated with both clinical exam and CT HFA measurements. Clinical exam and weightbearing CT may be more reliable than radiographs in measuring cavovarus hindfoot alignment. [Figure: see text]
The implications of imagery in if on a winter's night a traveler.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In a 1984 interview with Gregory L. Lucente concerning authorial intention and literary self-consciousness in relation to his two metanovels, If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler (1979) and Palomar (1983), Calvino remarks that “we [writers and readers] cannot do without interpreting, without asking ourselves what something means, without embarking on an explanation” (Lucente 250). Defining reading as “directed creation”, Satre’s essay on “Why Write?” likewise reminds readers to “collaborate in the production” of writer’s works by intervening through interpretation and re-invention in deciphering a text (McLaughlin and Coleman 23, 24). In Six Memos for the Next Millennium, Calvino insists that the true value of Literature resides in the autonomous strength of the literary signs of images and language and that his works “originate in images and not in ideas” (Web; Ragusa 195). I will thereby study the imagery in Traveler and its implications on the trichotomous relationship between author, reader and character. With the imperative conditions of ambiguity and mutability present from the start of the novel, I will prove that Calvino’s textual self-reflexivity of the primary acts of reading and writing functions as an extensive representation of the volatility of the human experience, that which is constituted by one’s identity, consciousness and memory.
On the Development of Safety Requirements Based on Functional Analysis of LRT Stations in Concept Development Stage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

철도와 같은 안전중시 시스템에 대해 체계적인 안전관리의 필요성이 점차 커지고 있어 IEC 61508, 62278, ISO 26262 등의 안전과 관련된 표준들이 제정되었고, 관련연구가 수행되고 있다. 그중 안전 프로세스의 중요한 활동인 위험원 분석에 대하여 다양한 연구가 수행되어 왔으나, 시스템설계 프로세스와의 구체적인 연계성이 부족하였다. 또한 기존의 위험원 분석방법은 시스템 설계가 상당 수준 진행된 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 구성품 정보에 의존하기 때문에, 설계 변경에 많은 비용과 일정이 소요된다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 시스템 설계초기인 개념설계 단계에서 수행한 기능분석 결과를 안전 프로세스에서 직접적으로 활용하여 위험원을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 위험을 줄이기 위해 필요한 안전요구사항을 생성하는 방법에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 설계 초기에 위험원 분석 및 안전요구사항의 도출을 수행함으로써, 향후 요구사항 변경 등 여러 요인으로 시스템 설계 및 안전 설계의 변경 시에 이를 반영하는데 있어서 시간 및 비용 관점에서 상대적으로 효율적인 접근 방법이 된다. 한편, 사례연구로서 본 논문에서 제시한 방법을 경전철 역사의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 요구사항의 도출에 적용하는 연구를 수행하였다. For safety-critical systems including railways, there has been a growing need for effective and systematic safety management processes. The outcomes of efforts in this area are international safety standards, such as IEC 61508, 62278, and ISO 26262. One of the principal activities in the safety process is hazard analysis. For this reason, considerable efforts have been directed toward methods of hazard analysis. On the other hand, the hazard analysis methods reported thus far appear to be unclear in terms of their relationship with the system design process. In addition, in some cases, the methods appear to rely heavily on information regarding the hardware and software components, the number of which is increasing. These aspects can become troublesome when design changes are necessary. To improve the situation, in this paper, hazard analysis was carried out using the result of functional analysis early in the concept development stage for a safety-critical system design. Because hazard analysis is carried out at the system level and the result is then used to develop the safety requirements, improvements can be expected in terms of the development time and cost when design changes are required due to changes in the requirements. As a case study, the generation of safety requirements for the development of light rail transit stations is presented.
Toxicity of oxythioquinox in relation to the fat content of the diet: study of the metabolic activity of rat intestinal epithelium.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The relationship between the level of lipid calories in the diet and the effects of oxythioquinox, administered for 30 days at 200 mg/kg fresh food, was studied on the metabolism of enterocytes. The results show that the QO2, the QG and the QL of the enterocytes drop both, with the level of lipid intake and with the presence of oxythioquinox. The (Na+ + K+) ATPase, Mg+ +ATPase and arylamidase activities of a homogenate of enterocytes all increase both with the level of alimentary lipids and with the presence of oxythioquinox, the effect of oxythioquinox being potentialized by the lipids. Alkaline phosphatase was found to be the only enzyme to be inhibited in the treated animals and the lipid-oxythioquinox interaction moves in the direction of a decrease in this inhibition. For most of the investigated parameters, because of the interaction, as the level of lipid calories increases, the toxicity of oxythioquinox becomes noticeably modified.
Non-Parametric Statistical Analysis of Rare Events in Healthcare

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The assumption of Gaussian distribution of population does not always hold strongly in health studies. The sample size may not be large enough due to the limited nature of observations such as biopsies taken during kidney transplantation, the distribution of sample may not be Gaussian, or the observation may not even be possible for the far ends of a Gaussian distribution. In such cases, an alternative approach, called nonparametric tests can be applied. In this study, a non-parametric single center retrospective analysis of adult kidney transplant is performed to compare histological outcomes among three different groups of deceased kidney donors, based on the biopsies taken before and after kidney transplant at months 1, 3, and 12. A total of 107 transplants were observed in this study with 310 surveillance biopsy taken then classified based on the Banff 97 adequacy assessment. It is concluded that the recipient's internal condition after kidney transplant is as important as the donor's risk factors.
Fluorophosphonate and alkoxy- and aroxy-fluorophosphine complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II). Part I. Reactions of complexes of tertiary phosphines with alkoxy- and aroxy-difluorophosphines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of difluorophosphonato-complexes trans-[MClL2(PF2O)](M = Pt or Pd; L = PEt3 –nPhn; n= 0–3) have been prepared via a Michaelis–Arbuzov type reaction from [MCl2L2] and PF2(OR)(R = allyl, Prn, or Bun). Preparation of complexes cis-[MCl2(PEt3){PF2(OR)}](M = Pt or Pd; R = Bun or Ph) and chloro-bridged binuclear complexes [{MCl(PEt3)(PF2O)}2] is also reported. Substituent redistribution reactions of PF2(OR) have been observed under the influence of the transition metal, M. Fluorine-19 and 31P n.m.r., i.r., and, in part, mass-spectroscopic data for the new complexes are reported and discussed in terms of the structures of the products obtained.
Comparison of pre and post initial public offerings performance.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Investing in IPOs has provided great earning opportunities for investors. This might be the reason why almost all the research were done on the post-issue listing performance of IPOs using the stock price returns. This study attempts to assess and compare the pre- and post-listing performance of the selected 46 IPO firms and a group of 33 matched companies of the similar nature to the IPO firms. Four operating performance measures, namely: return on equity; operating return on assets; sales growth rates and profit growth rates were used in the performance evaluation. IPO firms have the best performance and outperform the matched companies in the year oflisting. However, there is a subsequent decline in their post- performance. This is due to the fact that entrepreneurs time their issues to coincide with periods of unusually good performance. In addition, firms with higher ownership retention after listing tend to perform better. On the other hand, no sufficient evidence existed to prove that (1) there is a significant relationship between the pre- (and post-) operating performance of firms and underpricing; (2) younger firms perform better than older firms; (3) companies listed on SESDAQ have poorer performance than those on Mainboard and (4) firms with high-ownership retention have better performance than those with low-ownership retention.