jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Self-Consistent Spin, Tidal and Dynamical Equations of Motion in the REBOUNDx Framework

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have introduced self-consistent spin, tidal and dynamical equations of motion into REBOUNDx, a library of additional effects for the popular N-body integrator REBOUND. The equations of motion used are derived from the constant time lag approximation to the equilibrium tide model of tidal friction. These effects will allow the study of a variety of systems where the full dynamical picture cannot be encapsulated by point particle dynamics. We provide several test cases and benchmark the code's performance against analytic predictions. The open-source code is available in the most recent release of REBOUNDx.
Effects of Combined Training on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the regulatory effects of combined training (i.e., the combination of aerobic and resistance training) on inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged and older adults, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for practice. Existing research suggests that exercise interventions can effectively improve inflammatory status, and combined training—by integrating the benefits of both aerobic and resistance modalities—may offer superior effects in reducing inflammation. However, the findings across studies remain inconsistent, and clear evidence is lacking. Therefore, this study will synthesize data from existing randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of combined training on inflammatory biomarkers (such as CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.) in middle-aged and older populations, with the aim of informing evidence-based exercise strategies for this demographic.
Design of Temperature-Measuring Elements

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign of Temperature-Measuring ElementsMario T. CichelliCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 6, 1032–1039Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50462a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50462a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pathophysiology ofH. pylori

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Helicobacter species were known for long as a causative agent of gastritis. H. pylori associated gastritis is characterized by the presence of acute and chronic inflammation. Previously, it was believed that in H. pylori gastritis, fundic inflammation was less important than that of the antral mucosa. However, H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease create, or arise concurrently, may also be caused by the anatomical role of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. The source of H. pylori is mostly unknown. H. pylori has a small host range and is present in people and some non-human primates nearly exclusively. In rare cases, the presence of pets may be a concern for H. pylori infection; hence, pets should be isolated. There is also no definitive proof for zoonotic H. pylori transmission. The direct transmission from person to person, either oral or fecal-oral route or both, is expected to lead to new infections. H. pylori colonization is not an infection itself, but it impacts the relative likelihood that multiple pathological conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and even the hepatobiliary tract will grow. Therefore, H. pylori examination alone is not relevant but can be done in order to ascertain the cause of a basic disorder, such as peptic ulcer disease or to avoid disease, for example in subjects with family gastric carcinoma. A positive test result will validate the procedure, and a negative test result can suggest that other etiological causes or prevention steps needs to be examined. Gastritis is divided into acute and chronic. Several virulence factors play a role in the disease such as cag PAI (Pathogenicity Island) and VacA vacuolating cytotoxin. Different adhesins and their receptors aid in H. pylori colonization and invasion. Based on analogy with other mucosal infections, it was initially assumed that a protective immune response against H. pylori would predominantly be mediated by antibodies. Subsequent experiments have indicated that the relevance of the humoral system for protective immunity is only marginal. Antibodies can effectively prevent infection and reduce colonization in animal models.
Recreational Activities and Travel Choices of the Elderly

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recreation is a way to get consolation for the elderly. The aim of this study is to analyze recreational activities and travel choices of the elderly who live in Denpasar city, Bali, Indonesia. The study used a descriptive method. The sample consisted of 100 elderly selected by convenience sampling technique. The data was collected by questionare and analyzed using frequency distribution. The results show that even though Bali is a tourist destination and there is an easy access for the elderly who live in the cities, it does not guarantee they come to every tourist spot, seen from most of the elderly (64%) had never done any recreational activities after entering old age. The main obstacle that prevented the elderly from doing recreational activities was taking care of grandchildren (46%). Characteristics of destination locations for elderly travel choices especially have a calm environment (26.9%). The favorite recreation destination is places of worship (63.9%). After recreation, they felt happy and refreshed (88.8%). Recreation can be a fun entertainment for the elderly in their daily routines activities to reduce boredom, but in recreation they should be accompanied by family and pay attention to the characteristics of their favorite tourist spot.
Economics study of value-added food products of corn in Chhattisgarh

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this research is to study the economics of various food products being prepared by the value addition of maize in various food vendors of Raipur city. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the method of preparing those food products, their market demand and to estimate the cost and returns of those value-added food products of maize. The primary data was collected through a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Simple average and percentage methods were used for analysing the data. The major findings of this study revealed that the total variable cost for the making of 161.46 gm sweet corn soup was to be Rs. 59.07. The benefit-cost ratio was observed to be 1:0.69 and the input-output ratio was 1:1.69. The total variable cost for the making of 160gm baby corn chili was to be Rs. 47.46. The benefit-cost ratio was observed to be 1:1.74 and the input-output ratio was 1:2.74.
Communicating Hydrocephalus and Lysosomal Inclusions in Mannosidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 32-year-old man with mannosidosis had a gait disorder develop that was associated with communicating hydrocephalus. The gait disorder improved with ventriculoperitoneal shunting, but proximal muscle weakness remained. Biopsy specimens of muscle and nerve disclosed typical lysosomal inclusions in both tissues, as well as selective loss of unmyelinated axons.
Data from The Immune-microenvironment Confers Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer through Macrophage-Derived IL6

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. However, the effects of TAMs in colorectal cancer are contradictory. We therefore investigated the functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of TAMs in colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We measured the macrophage infiltration (CD68), P-gp, and Bcl2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues using IHC staining. Coculture of TAMs and colorectal cancer cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models was used to evaluate the effects of TAMs on colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Cytokine antibody arrays, ELISA, neutralizing antibody, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to uncover the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>Results:</b> TAM infiltration was associated with chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer–conditioned macrophages increased colorectal cancer chemoresistance and reduced drug-induced apoptosis by secreting IL6, which could be blocked by a neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody. Macrophage-derived IL6 activated the IL6R/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells, and activated STAT3 transcriptionally inhibited the tumor suppressor miR-204-5p. Rescue experiment confirmed that miR-204-5p is a functional target mediating the TAM-induced colorectal cancer chemoresistance. miR-155-5p, a key miRNA regulating C/EBPβ, was frequently downregulated in TAMs, resulting in increased C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ transcriptionally activated IL6 in TAMs, and TAM-secreted IL6 then induced chemoresistance by activating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p pathway in colorectal cancer cells.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our data indicate that the maladjusted miR-155-5p/C/EBPβ/IL6 signaling in TAMs could induce chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p axis, revealing a new cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7375–87. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
OPHTHALMIC DISEASE CAUSED BY A MYCETE OF THE GIANT CANE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE determining factors of the disease are the giant cane (Arundo donax) and the mycete Acremonium.The giant cane belongs to the family Gramineae, which is to be found all over the earth.The full-grown stem, dried and stripped of its blade-like leaves, is used for weaving baskets and for building huts.In agriculture and horticulture it is used to make props for vines, garden plants, and transplanted trees, as well as for building fences.The mycete Acremonium, isolated during mycetological examinations, has been classified as follows: Class, deuteromycetae or fungi imperfecti; Order, Moniliales; Family, Monilialeae; Genus, Acremonium.The first to study this mycete was Vuillemin (1931), who in 1911 had described the species Acremonium potronii as consisting of a mycetelium with sparse bifurca- tions and vertical sporophorous branches ending in a simple conidium.Link (1809), Dodge (1936), and Brumpt (1949) mentioned the genus.Ciferri (1960) reported that it might possibly be pathogenic in man and that it was also found on the conjunctiva.However, when this is so the greatest care and closest examination are required in order to exclude any other pathogenic causes if the damage is to be ascribed with certainty to the mycete Acremonium.The latter may also have allergenic properties.
Antibiotic Prescription Patterns in Poland in the Years 2019–2024 Based on Reimbursement Data from the National Healthcare Fund

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic included a notable shift in antibiotic prescribing patterns, with use declining and then rising again as restrictions were lifted. In Poland, point-of-care (POC) testing for infections such as influenza A/B, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Group A Streptococcus was widely introduced in primary care in recent years. This study investigates the patterns of oral antibiotic prescription in Poland during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Methods: We analyzed Polish National Healthcare Fund data on reimbursed oral antibiotics—Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) J01 class—sold between 2019 and 2024. We quantified antibiotic groups by the number of packages sold and individual agents using the defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). Results: Total oral antibiotic reimbursements noted a significant fall from 2019 to 2020 (20.9 million vs. 14.5 million packages reimbursed) and subsequently surged from 16.3 million packages in 2021 to 20.9 million in 2024. The most prescribed groups were penicillins (J01C), macrolides (J01F), and other beta-lactams (J01D). Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most commonly used individual antibiotic, with its DDD/TID rising from an average of 2.3 to 2.6 in 2024. Although the use of phenoxymethylpenicillin initially decreased after the introduction of “strep-tests” in 2022 (DID 0.18 in 2023 vs. 0.23 in 2022), it increased again to 0.26 in 2024. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a slight continuous increase in oral antibiotic use in Poland, despite the current widespread availability of POC testing. The persistent and growing preference for amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, an agent not typically recommended as first-line treatment for most infections, suggests that antibiotic stewardship efforts need to continue in order to curb inappropriate prescription.
A new tuberous species of Begonia sect. Diploclinium endemic to Danxia landforms in central China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Begonia danxiaensis, a new tuberous species of Begonia, is described and illustrated, and supported by morphological and molecular evidences. It belongs to Begonia sect. Diploclinium and is endemic to the Danxia landforms of both Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, China. The morphological similarity between the new species and its similar taxa were compared and discussed. The new species is assigned to Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
HSV-1 DNA in Tears and Saliva of Normal Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The percentage of asymptomatic subjects who intermittently shed HSV-1 DNA in tears or saliva was higher than the percentage of subjects with positive ELISA or neutralization antibodies to HSV. Because most HSV transmission occurs during asymptomatic shedding, further knowledge of the prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in tears and saliva is warranted to control its spread. Shedding is simple to study, and its suppression may be an efficient way to evaluate new antivirals in humans.
＜Editors' Choice＞ Effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on oral intake of do-not-intubate patients with respiratory diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is used widely for hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, it is unknown whether the use of HFNC is compatible with retaining the ability to eat and drink of patients with end-stage respiratory diseases as a part of palliative care. A retrospective study was conducted on subjects with hypoxic respiratory failure due to end-stage respiratory diseases, including interstitial pneumonia and malignant respiratory diseases, who were treated with HFNC or reservoir mask oxygen therapy and died with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) and do-not-intubate (DNI) status. We compared the duration of eating solids and drinking liquids and clinical variables in the HFNC group with those in the reservoir mask group. The data from a total 43 subjects including 20 with HFNC and 23 with a reservoir mask were analyzed. Fitting HFNC to subjects temporarily improved oxygenation. Durations of survival, eating solids, and drinking liquids in the HFNC group were significantly longer than those in the reservoir mask group. No significant adverse effects were observed in either group. In conclusion, the use of HFNC led to prolonged survival while preserving the ability of oral intake in patients with DNR and DNI status.
Secure Aggregation Protocols in Federated AI for Anonymized Health Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the increasingly data-driven landscape of healthcare, the application of Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative paradigm, enabling the collaborative training of machine learning models across decentralized datasets while preserving data privacy. This approach is particularly pertinent for health data, which is often sensitive and subject to stringent regulatory requirements. However, the integration of secure aggregation protocols within Federated AI systems is crucial for ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of anonymized health data during the aggregation process. This paper comprehensively reviews the state of secure aggregation protocols in the context of Federated AI, emphasizing their role in safeguarding patient privacy while allowing for the effective utilization of health data. We categorize existing secure aggregation methods based on their cryptographic techniques, including homomorphic encryption, secure multiparty computation, and differential privacy, analyzing their strengths and limitations in practical applications. Furthermore, we explore the implications of these protocols on data utility, computational efficiency, and scalability in real-world healthcare settings. By synthesizing recent advancements and ongoing challenges in the field, this study underscores the importance of designing robust aggregation protocols that not only enhance security but also facilitate the seamless integration of diverse health data sources. We propose a framework for evaluating the performance of these protocols, taking into account factors such as communication overhead, resilience against attacks, and adaptability to various federated learning architectures. Our findings indicate that while significant progress has been made, there remains a critical need for ongoing research to balance the trade-offs between security, privacy, and model performance. This paper aims to contribute to the development of more sophisticated secure aggregation protocols that can effectively support the growing demand for collaborative, AI-driven health analytics without compromising patient confidentiality. Ultimately, we advocate for a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates insights from cryptography, data science, and healthcare policy to advance the secure and ethical use of federated AI in health data research.
Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Involved in Mediating Functions of Liraglutide in Mice With Dietary Challenge

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Aims Several studies have shown that expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can be stimulated by glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1)–based diabetes drugs. As GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) is unlikely to be expressed in hepatocytes, we aimed to compare such stimulation in mice and in mouse hepatocytes, determine the involvement of GLP‐1R, and clarify whether FGF21 mediates certain functions of the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide. Approach and Results Liver FGF21 expression was assessed in mice receiving a daily liraglutide injection for 3 days or in mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) undergoing direct liraglutide treatment. The effects of liraglutide on metabolic improvement and FGF21 expression were then assessed in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice and compared with the effects of the dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Animal studies were also performed in Glp1r−/− mice and liver‐specific FGF21‐knockout ( lFgf21‐KO ) mice. In wild‐type mouse liver that underwent RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR, we observed liraglutide‐stimulated hepatic Fgf21 expression and a lack of Glp1r expression. In MPHs, liraglutide did not stimulate Fgf21 . In mice with HFD‐induced obesity, liraglutide or sitagliptin treatment reduced plasma triglyceride levels, whereas their effect on reducing body‐weight gain was different. Importantly, increased hepatic FGF21 expression was observed in liraglutide‐treated mice but was not observed in sitagliptin‐treated mice. In HFD‐fed Glp1r−/− mice, liraglutide showed no beneficial effects and could not stimulate Fgf21 expression. In lFgf21‐KO mice undergoing dietary challenge, the body‐weight‐gain attenuation and lipid homeostatic effects of liraglutide were lost or significantly reduced. Conclusions We suggest that liraglutide‐stimulated hepatic Fgf21 expression may require GLP‐1R to be expressed in extrahepatic organs. Importantly, we revealed that hepatic FGF21 is required for liraglutide to lower body weight and improve hepatic lipid homeostasis. These observations advanced our mechanistic understanding of the function of GLP‐1–based drugs in NAFLD.
A family of projection learnings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper discusses the learning problem of obtaining good generalization capability from a given set of training examples when the space to which a target function belongs is known. One of the present authors, H. Ogawa, proposed the concepts of projection learning (PL), partial projection learning (PTPL), and averaged projection learning (APL). He also devised the concept of a family of projection learnings consisting of infinitely many kinds of learnings including PL, PTPL, and APL. It provides a framework to discuss infinite kinds of learnings in a unified way. Although a couple of definitions were given for the family of projection learnings, they are still unsatisfactory for further development of the theory. In this paper, we propose a more natural definition of the family of projection learnings and consolidate a foundation of the theory of a family of projection learnings. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(5): 21–35, 2001