jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Childhood obesity and parks and playgrounds: A review of issues of equality, gender and social support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The childhood obesity has been a growing concern over the last decade all over the world. Built environmental characteristics such as parks and playgrounds serves as a reference point for physical activity in children. The equality issues related to ethnicity, Social Economic Status (SES), gender and social support have been related with both physical activity and presence and quality of parks and playgrounds. However, only limited studies have addressed these issues in children. The current paper is a general enumerative review that would discusses the above issues with respect to obesity in all age groups, giving particular emphasis to childhood obesity. The importance of this review is to further explore the importance and highlight the findings related to these issues, so that future original studies could be planned keeping these associations in mind.
Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on MitoKATP in Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study on the relationship between the protection of ginkgo biloba extract(Egb761) against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels(mitoKATP) in vivo.Methods:A reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion model(MCAO) was used in this study.Fourty male Sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups(n=10):MCAO group,Egb761 group(15mg·kg-1),5-HD group(10mg·kg-1),5-HD+ Egb761 group.The neurological funciton was scored and the infarct volume,activity of SOD,content of MDA were measured after operation.Results:In 5-HD+ Egb761 group,the infarct volume,the neurological funciton were significantly higher than those in Egb761 pretreated group.Conclusion:The result is suggested that the protects of Egb761 against focal cerebral ischenfia-repefusion injury may be related to mitoKATP.
Sideband structure observed by topside sounders

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Plasma wave features appearing on topside ionograms which occasionally exhibit structure due to the sidebands of the transmitted frequency spectrum include the O, X, Z, oblique-Z, and ducted traces; and plasma, electron-cyclotron, and electron-cyclotron harmonic resonances. The sidebands provide information on the nature of the features, aid in their identification, and improve the frequency and spatial resolution of the data.
Mining and predictive characterization for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth) using two subsets of barley genetic resources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sustainable barley production will require access to diverse ex-situ conserved collections to develop varieties with high yields and capable of overcoming the challenges imposed by major abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed at searching efficient approaches for the identification of new sources of resistance to barley leaf rust (LR). Two subsets, Generation Challenge Program Reference set (GCP) with 190 accessions and leaf rust subset constructed using the filtering approach of the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) with 100 accessions, were evaluated for the seedling as well as the adult plant stage resistance (APR) using two LR isolates (ISO-SAT and ISO-MRC) and in four environments in Morocco, respectively. Both subsets yielded a high percent of accessions with a moderately resistant (MR) reaction to the two LR isolates at the seedling stage. For APR, more than 50% of the accessions showed resistant reactions in SAT2018 and GCH2018, while this rate was less than 20% in SAT2017 and SAT2019. Statistical analysis using chi-square test of independence revealed the dependency of LR reaction on subsets at the seedling (ISO-MRC), as well as at the APR (SAT2017 and SAT2018) stage. Furthermore, the test of goodness of fit showed that FIGS_LR yielded higher percentages of resistant accessions than GCP subset in case of ISO-MRC at the seedling stage, and in case of SAT2017 and SAT2018 at APR stage. Although some of the tested machine learning models had moderate to high accuracies, none of them was able to find a strong and significant relationship between the reaction to LR and the environmental conditions showing the needs for more fine tuning of approaches for efficient mining of genetic resources using machine learning.
Mini gastric by-pass and bridged mini gastric by-pass: what is new?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: More and more people suffer from morbid obesity in the past several decades. Best treatment option for the obesity is still discussed. However, the accepted gold standard treatment for morbid obesity is bariatric surgery nowadays. To treat morbid obesity the several surgical techniques have been developed so far. Every technique has advantages and disadvantages. One of these techniques is mini gastric bypass (MGB). The bridged mini gastric bypass (BMGB) was modified from the MGB and is believed that has same nutritional outcomes, less surgical complication, and possible advantages of accessing to the remnant stomach. BMGB may be an effective and easier operation to treat obesity and uncontrolled type II diabetes with possible advantages over currently available metabolic procedures. In this article, we aimed to explain MGB and its modification called BMGB.
Arguments surrounding organic and genetically modified food labelling: a few comparisons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper compares reasoning surrounding organic food labelling with arguments concerning mandatory GM labelling. Focus is placed on argumentative cross-overs, defined as cases where actors or organizations use a certain type of argumentation for one issue (for example, modes of food production), and shift into using their opponent's type of argumentation for a closely related issue (for example, food labelling). The paper is a textual analysis of the arguments across non-governmental organizations, scientists, policy-makers and corporations. Argumentative cross-overs are not only of theoretical interest. They run the risk of, for instance, making consumers assume that all struggles for 'stricter food labelling' will lead to more reliable labelling information and to a higher level of consumer empowerment. It is important to call for more nuanced descriptions of food labelling, and to make the public aware of the cross-overs, which often involve vast exaggerations of what food labelling can, or cannot, tell us. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of age on results of coronary artery surgery.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary surgery is being used increasingly in older and more seriously ill patients. To evaluate the importance of age in predicting complications and mortality after coronary surgery, the results in 13,625 patients undergoing coronary surgery were evaluated. There were 321 patients under the age of 40, 1,758 were 40-49, 4,167 were 50-59, 5,049 were 60-69, 2,184 were 70-79, and 146 were over 80. As patients aged the proportion of women increased, the prevalence of severe angina and congestive heart failure increased, and the severity of the distributions of the coronary stenoses increased. The incidence of the complications of neurological events, wound infections, and death rose in every decade after the age of 40 years. The incidence of death was 0.6% for patients aged 40-49, 1.5% for those aged 50-59, 1.9% for those aged 60-69, 5.0% for those aged 70-79, and 8.3% for those aged 80-89. Advanced age was the most significant independent correlate of neurological events, wound infections, and death. The other multivariate correlates of neurological events were diabetes, hypertension, and, surprisingly, angina class. Again surprisingly, the only other multivariate correlate of wound infections was angina class. The other multivariate correlates of death were emergent surgery, female gender, ejection fraction, severity of coronary disease, diabetes, and a history of congestive heart failure. Of interest, periprocedural Q wave myocardial infarction was independent of age. The most predictive and significant correlate of periprocedural myocardial infarction was emergent surgery; hypertension, absence of a previous myocardial infarction, and a normal ejection fraction were weaker correlates. The ability to predict any complication was relatively weak compared with the ability to predict death. The relative infrequency of coronary surgery over the age of 80 years suggests that there is already strong selection against surgery in octogenarians. In addition, the risk of death, and to some extent other complications, may be predicted in advance based on extensive patient experience.
Interaction properties of biosynthesized cadmium sulphide quantum dots with human serum albumin: further investigation of antibacterial activities and sensing applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis of small‐sized quantum dots (QDs) (1–10 nm) via the green route has garnered great interest regarding their prospective use in many biological applications (diagnosis, drug delivery and in vivo sensing); this is difficult to achieve using chemical synthesis methods, which produce larger size QD particles and also require hazardous reagents. Here, we synthesized biogenic cadmium sulphide (CdS) QDs using green tea extract as the reducing agent to produce particles that were homogeneous and a smaller size of 2–4 nm. We also elucidated the (a) protein binding, (b) antibacterial use and (c) sensing applications of biogenic CdS QDs in this present work. The biosynthesized CdS QDs were found to have extensive antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Enterococcus faecalis bacterial strains. The introduction of QDs in biological medium can lead to the formation of protein–QD complexes; therefore we investigated the binding interaction of CdS QDs with the carrier protein human serum albumin (HSA) in vitro . The synthesized CdS QDs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching mechanism and the binding constant ( K b ) was in the order of 10 4 M −1 . It was also observed that the presence of biogenic CdS QDs affected the HSA–ligand interactions in vitro . The synthesized CdS made highly effective sensors for tetracycline, rifampicin, and bilirubin with limit of detection (LOD) values of 99, 141 and 29 ng/ml, respectively.
Lipid Metabolic Genes and Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis of Maternal-fetal Interaction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context The joint associations of maternal and fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lipid metabolic genes with the risk of maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) are unclear. Objective This study aims to investigate the associations of maternal/fetal SNPs of APOE, LPL, LDLR, PCSK9, and SCARB1 with the risk of MSPH and explore whether the maternal-fetal pairing pattern of the risk alleles can affect MSPH risk. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted that included 182 pregnant women with MSPH and 182 with maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia. Maternal venous and umbilical venous blood were collected to detect the SNPs of genes. The primary outcome was MSPH. Logistic regression model was used to determine the associations of SNPs with risk of MSPH. Results The C-allele in maternal APOE rs429358 T &gt; C (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, P = 0.033), G-allele in fetal APOE rs440446 C &gt; G (adjusted OR = 1.62, P = 0.012) and T-allele in fetal LPL rs263 C &gt; T (adjusted OR = 1.53, P = 0.011) increased the risk of MSPH. The A-allele in maternal LDLR rs7258950 G &gt; A decreased the risk of MSPH (adjusted OR = 0.67, P = 0.028). For maternal-fetal pairing analysis, the variant concordance of PCSK9 rs2149041, rs7523141, rs7523242, rs7525649, and LDLR rs7258950 were associated with the decreased risk of MSPH under the dominant model. The variant concordance of other SNPs of PCSK9, APOE, LDLR, LPL, and SCARB1 were associated with the increased risk of MSPH. Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that maternal and fetal genetic polymorphisms of lipid metabolic genes are associated with the risk of MSPH. The maternal-fetal variant concordance is also associated with this risk.
Next-Generation Management on Exploring AI-Driven Decision Support in Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Algorithmic decision support (ADS), driven by AI fueled by machine learning, is increasingly becoming an essential element in diverse processes across sectors. Organizations implement Advanced Decision Support (ADS) systems to improve the efficiency of decision-making and make the most use of data. Nevertheless, the advancement of ADS entails a multitude of human choices that can inject intricacies and ambiguities into the procedure. These decisions encompass the selection of areas to use ADS, as well as the choices made during its creation and the subsequent utilization of its outputs for decision-making. Conclusions derived from ADS outputs are typically applied in organizational settings without adequately assessing the consequences of the decision support. This study explores the difficulties related to the creation and implementation of ADS, with a focus on the significance of taking behavioural aspects into account while adopting ADS in businesses.
A retrospective survey of the complications of mumps.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective survey is described of 2,482 cases of mumps (1,513 males and 969 females) treated in a number of infectious disease units in England and Wales. About half the patients were under 15 years of age. Complications were recorded in 42 per cent of all cases (53 per cent of males and 25 per cent of females), the commonest complication in both sexes being involvement of the central nervous system. Three patients died, but in two of these there was serious underlying illness unrelated to mumps and in the remaining case a review of the records suggests, in retrospect, some doubt about the diagnosis of mumps. Deafness due to involvement of the eighth cranial nerve was the only permanent sequel recorded and occurred in five patients.From the results of this survey it is concluded that there is little need for general vaccination against mumps, although there might be an indication for vaccinating certain groups of the male population.
Preservice science teachers’ conceptions of trees, forests and deforestation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, preservice science teachers' conceptions of trees, forests and deforestation were explored. Thirty-three preservice science teachers who were enrolled in a compulsory ecology course participated in the study. Two open question forms were used to collect data in class hours. A phenomenographic research methodology was used to analyse preservice science teachers' written responses. Outcome space represented the full range of conceptions held by the participants and the relations identified between these conceptions. Participant responses in one of the class activities, i.e. 'Name the Tree', were also used to conclude if the preservice science teachers recognise the trees that they pass daily. Implications for teacher education are considered accordingly.
Management of Adrenal Insufficiency Risk After Long-term Systemic Glucocorticoid Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Clinical Practice Recommendations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-term glucocorticoid therapy has improved outcomes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, the recommended glucocorticoid dosage suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to adrenal insufficiency that may develop during severe illness, trauma or surgery, and after discontinuation of glucocorticoid therapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight the risk of adrenal insufficiency in this patient population, and provide practical recommendations for management of adrenal insufficiency, glucocorticoid withdrawal, and adrenal function testing. Strategies to increase awareness among patients, families, and health care providers are also discussed.
Simulations of recording in composite media

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the recording performance of two types of media are compared by calculating the head field distribution of an 80 nm wide write pole in conjunction with a soft magnetic underlayer. The maximum effective field was inclined 15deg from the perpendicular axis. The effective head field gradient was a maximum when the head field was inclined 35deg from the perpendicular. Composite media have some advantages over single layer media. However, the difference in Hc(thetas) at the angle where recording takes place is much less than the difference in Hc(0). As a result, a significant reduction in the grain size, while increasing the uniaxial anistropy, Ku to maintain thermal stability, will not be possible as the media will become unwriteable.
Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning In Drug Discovery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In contemporary pharmaceutical research, Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative force, profoundly impacting drug discovery and development. ML empowers computer systems to acquire knowledge from data, distinguishing itself through supervised and unsupervised learning. ML is pivotal in pharmaceutical research, enhancing drug efficacy, ensuring safety, personalizing medical interventions, and expediting drug repurposing. As we peer into the horizon, we anticipate refinements through deep learning models and generative networks in drug discovery. Initiatives that promote data-sharing and collaborative partnerships will shape the ML-driven landscape. This academic exploration underscores ML's transformative role in pharmaceutical research, encompassing fundamental principles and practical applications. It embodies the convergence of technology and healthcare, promising an innovative and improved healthcare future.
Cooling-heating phase transition and critical behavior of the charged accelerating AdS black hole

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the cooling-heating phase transition of the charged accelerating anti-de Sitter black hole in extended phase space, and investigate the critical behavior of this black hole in extended phase space. By calculating the thermodynamic quantities and state equation, we found that the charged accelerating AdS black hole as thermodynamic system is similar to the van der Waals system. The inversion temperature of this black hole is obtained, and cooling-heating and isenthalpic curves are plotted in T-P plane. Our results indicate that the inversion temperature for a given pressure increases with e, and the acceleration parameter has the opposite effect, which the cooling-heating curves decreases gradually with the the increases of a. We also analyse the influence of acceleration parameter on isenthalpic curves, implying that the phase transition point decreases with the increase of acceleration factor under constant pressure.
Vocational Identity and its Relationship to Psychological Well-Being and Career Thoughts among University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The clarity of vocational identity is an important focus of professional guidance since it is related to many factors, such as career thoughts and psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between vocational identity, psychological well-being and career thoughts among students at Hashemite University in Jordan, as well as any gender or faculty specific differences in vocational identity, psychological well-being and career thoughts. Randomly selected male and female students (n= 680) aged 18 to 22 completed questionnaires on vocational identity, psychological well-being, and career thoughts. There was a positive correlation between vocational identity and psychological well-being, and its subscales (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationship, purpose in life, and self-acceptance), but a negative correlation between vocational identity and career thoughts and between vocational identity and career thoughts subscales (decision-making confusion, commitment anxiety, and external conflict). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of vocational identity by gender, with males favoured but not by faculty. Finally, variables related to gender and faculty had no significant effect on psychological well-being or career thoughts. The results confirm a positive correlation between vocational identity and psychological well-being but a negative correlation between vocational identity and career thoughts. The results also confirm the level of vocational identity among male students was higher than that of female students. The results of this study can be used in the counseling and career guidance process for university students.
Validity of the Developed Arabic Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire for use in standard clinical care of patients with rheumatic diseases

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To assess the validity, reliability and comprehensibility of the Developed Arabic Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (Arabic‐MDHAQ) for use in standard clinical care of patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods: The multidimensional questionnaire was developed on a one‐page sheet. One side includes 10 activities of daily living (Arabic HAQII), four items to assess psychological distress, duration of morning stiffness as well as visual analogue scales for pain, global status, and fatigue. The other side includes review of the systems, falls and cardiovascular risk assessment, the rheumatology attitudes index to assess the psychological construct of helplessness and self‐report of joint counts. The questionnaire was completed by consecutive patients with various rheumatic diseases including 85 with rheumatoid arthritis, 57 with fibromyalgia, 57 with osteoarthritis, 18 with psoriatic arthritis and 11 with ulcerative colitis. Results: The test was reliable as demonstrated by a high standardized alpha‐value and minimal changes recorded in the second from the first test. The Developed Arabic‐MDHAQ correlated significantly with clinical parameters of disease activity as well as inflammatory markers. Changes in both functional and psychological assessment scores showed variation with diseases. The Arabic health assessment questionnaire II (functional disability) was significantly correlated with the original Arabic‐HAQ. The psychological assessment items in the Arabic‐MDHAQ were significantly correlated with depression as well as anxiety scores as demonstrated by Hamilton scales for depression and anxiety ( P < 0.001). The Arabic‐MDHAQ showed also a high degree of comprehensibility (92.9%). Conclusion: The Developed Arabic‐MDHAQ is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of Arabic patients suffering from rheumatic diseases. Being short, rapid and comprehensive, this adds more to its applicability. The data support the value of completion of the simple 2‐page patient questionnaire, which provides a quantitative written documented record by the patient, at each visit to a rheumatologist.