jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on soil respiration and nitrogen dynamics as in-fluenced by soil structure, aggregate size and water content

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The role of soil structure and aggregation in influencing soil respiration and N dynamics in soils undergoing freeze-thaw cycles, as influenced by water content, is poorly known. Surface soil with a texture of sandy loam was collected from an agriculture field in Atlantic Canada. Two studies were undertaken. The first study determined the influence of soil structure (whole / crushed soil) and water content (35%, 60%, and 85% water-filled pore space) on soil respiration and nitrogen dynamics during freezing and thawing of the soil. The second study determined the role of different aggregate size fractions (0~0.25, 0.25~4, and 4~8 mm) on the freeze-thaw effect. The research found microbial metabolism is more limited by environmental conditions than by the substrate availability. Crushing altered structural characteristics and caused changes in substrate solubilization and / or microbial utilization of substrates during freezing and thawing. Furthermore, freezing and thawing did not influence the denitrification of the whole soil, but enhanced denitrification in soils where aggregates were crushed. At 60% WFPS, the interaction among aggregate crushing and freeze-thaw increased denitrification. Also, the impact of freeze-thaw was greater on soil respiration and N mineralization in medium size aggregates (0.25~4mm). Freezing and thawing improved de-nitrification in aggregates on all three size fractions. This project provided new information on the effects of freeze-thaw on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as influenced by soil structure and water content. This information will be critical in assessing the impact of climate change in soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in temperate regions.
Location specific annealing of miR-122 and other small RNAs defines an Hepatitis C Virus 5′ UTR regulatory element with distinct impacts on virus translation and genome stability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication requires annealing of a liver specific small-RNA, miR-122 to 2 sites on 5′ untranslated region (UTR). Annealing has been reported to (a) stabilize the genome, (b) stimulate translation and (c) promote the formation of translationally active Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) RNA structure. In this report, we map the RNA element to which small RNA annealing promotes HCV to nucleotides 1–44 and identify the relative impact of small RNA annealing on virus translation promotion and genome stabilization. We mapped the optimal region on the HCV genome to which small RNA annealing promotes virus replication to nucleotides 19–37 and found the efficiency of viral RNA accumulation decreased as annealing moved away from this region. Then, by using a panel of small RNAs that promote replication with varying efficiencies we link the efficiency of lifecycle promotion with translation stimulation. By contrast small RNA annealing stabilized the viral genome even if they did not promote virus replication. Thus, we propose that miR-122 annealing promotes HCV replication by annealing to an RNA element that activates the HCV IRES and stimulates translation, and that miR-122 induced HCV genome stabilization is insufficient alone but enhances virus replication.
Activation of Nuclear Factor κB by Polyamines in Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polyamines-putrescine, spermidine, and spermine-are involved in the growth of breast cancer cells. A possible target of polyamine action is at the site of interaction of transcription factors with their response elements. NF-kappaB is a member of the rel family of transcription factors that regulate transcription of genes in the proliferative/anti-apoptotic pathways. We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays to study the role of polyamines in NF-kappaB binding to NF-kappaB response elements (NREs), the consensus sequence of which is GGGGAATTCCCC. Using cellular extract from MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we found very little binding of NF-kappaB to NRE in the absence of polyamines. Addition of 1 mM spermidine or spermine caused a 4- and 6-fold increase in NF-kappaB-NRE binding, respectively. Putrescine induced a 2-fold increase in the binding at 2 mM concentration. Using antibody supershift assays, we identified the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB to be a major component in NF-kappaB-NRE complex formation in the presence of polyamines. However, the decreased intensity of the band corresponding to NF-kappaB-NRE complex in the presence of anti-p65, c-rel, relB and p52 antibodies suggested the participation of these subunits also. Spermine also stimulated NF-kappaB-NRE binding using cellular extracts from other breast cancer cell lines and a normal breast epithelial cell line. A differential effect of spermine analogues on NF-kappaB-NRE binding was observed, with spermine exerting the maximal effect. CD spectra of NRE containing oligonucleotides was asymmetric and distinct from that of a typical B-DNA CD spectrum. A concentration-dependent increase in T(m) of the duplex NRE was seen in the presence of polyamines. In transient transfection experiments using an NF-kappaB driven secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter, spermine induced NF-kappaB activity by approximately 2-fold as compared to controls. Spermine induced activation of NF-kappaB was also confirmed using an NF-kappaB-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) vector in transient transfections in which expression of the green fluorescent protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. These data show a gene regulatory function of polyamines involving enhanced binding of NF-kappaB to NRE and a possible mechanism for the action of polyamines in breast cancer cell proliferation.
Double immunostaining for p53 and molecular chaperone hsp72/73 in gastric carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than half of our cases may have some impairment in p53 protein growth suppressive function, as a result of p53 gene alterations or complex formation. The positive correlation between p53 expression and intensity of hsp72/73 supports the postulate of a p53 regulating function for the chaperone hsp72/73. A high intensity of hsp72/73 immunohistochemical staining could be used as an indirect marker of p53 gene abnormalities.
Training of Development of Inquiry-Based and Project-Based Chemistry Learning Design for Chemistry & Science Teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstrak – Nowadays, the demands of curriculum are increasing in achieving better standards of learning process. The low ability of chemistry and science teachers in developing inquiry-based and project-based learning designs is a problem that must be solved. The ability of teachers in making learning designs is one of the pedagogic competencies and professional competencies that teachers must master in their professional development. So there is a need for community service or training to teachers to facilitate this. The method of implementing this community service activity includes the presentation of material on inquiry-based and project-based chemistry learning design, discussion and question and answer, and assistance to teachers in developing the learning design, until teachers are able to make inquiry-based and project-based chemistry learning tools (including lesson plans, teaching materials, and assessment instruments). The result of the training activities was an increase in the knowledge and skills of chemistry and science teachers regarding making inquiry-based and project-based learning designs. Enthusiasm and curiosity in developing knowledge about learning design make this training activity useful for participants.Keywords: Learning Design; Inquiry; Project; Teacher; Training
Sensing interface for high-resolution accelerometers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research, a new sensing interface together with different types of new amplification stages is designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. The proposed differential sensing interface circuit can reduce the number of the critical reference capacitors as well as the mismatching sensitivity in the capacitive sensor. In combination with chopper stabilization technique, the interface topology offers simplicity in canceling the offset and 1/f noise of the CMOS operational amplifier. The power consumption of the sensor system is only 859.6u,A.
Role of Decomposers in Agricultural Waste Management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this chapter, agricultural waste residue management by bio-organisms is discussed along with different types of decomposition processes. Tons of agricultural wastes are produced every year. These agricultural wastes create major environmental problems without effective means of management methods. There are many technologies being used for the decomposition, which mainly include anaerobic decomposition, compositing, fermentation, etc. All these decomposition processes depend upon the different soil-inhabiting microbes. These microbes are the key components of agri-residue decomposition process. Every step of decomposition requires different microbes. Various sets of catalytical enzymes are involved for the catabolic procedures of organic matter. By successive catabolic reactions, all the organic matters are mineralized into soil essential constituents, which will be the most effective sources of macro- and micronutrients for the soil fertility. Working efficiency of these microbes depends upon different parameters like moisture, temperature, pH, etc. The vitality and efficiency of microbes can be enhanced by using various inert carriers. If the efficiency of these soil microbes enhances by various factors, then the rate of decomposition could be enhanced to handle this ever-increasing problem of agriculture residue in near future.
Framing and Visual Type: Effect on Future Zika Vaccine Uptake Intent

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The Zika virus is associated with the birth defect microcephaly, and while a vaccine was not available in early- 2017, several were under development. This study's purpose was to identify effective communication strategies to promote uptake of a new vaccine, particularly among women of reproductive age. Design and methods In order to study the effects of Zika message framing (gain vs. loss) and visual type (photo vs. infographic) on future Zika vaccine uptake intent, a 2×2 between-subjects experiment was performed via an online survey in 2017 among 339 U.S. women of reproductive age (18-49 years). Participants were exposed to one of four messages, all resembling Instagram posts: gain-framed vs. loss-framed infographic, and gain-framed vs. loss-framed photo. These messages were followed by questions about Zika vaccine uptake intent as well as intermediate psychosocial variables that could lead to intent. Results There was no interaction between framing and visual type (P=0.116), and there was no effect for framing (P=0.185) or visual type (P=0.724) on future Zika vaccine uptake intent, which is likely indicative of insufficient dosage of the intervention. However, when focusing on intermediate psychosocial constructs that are known to influence behavior and intent, gain-framed messages were more effective in increasing subjective norms (P=0.005) as related to a future Zika vaccine, as well as perceived benefits (P=0.016) and self-efficacy (P=0.032). Conclusions Gain-framed messages seem to be more effective than loss-framed messages to increase several constructs that could, in turn, affect future Zika vaccine uptake intent. This is a novel finding since, traditionally, loss-framed messages are considered more beneficial in promoting vaccine-related health behaviors.
Core Self-Evaluations and Leadership Emergence in Autonomous Work Teams: The Mediating Effect of Team Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Fifty two Autonomous work teams consisting of 208 participants were examined whether and how individual¿s dispositional trait -- core self evaluations (CSES) affected the leadership emergence which is measured by three indicators. Results showed that CSES, measured as a single construct, positively related to leadership emergence, and the team process, indicated by three variables, was found to partially mediate the relationship between CSES and leadership emergence. Also this correlation was not moderated by task type or goal type. This study provided empirical support for the dispositional base of leadership emergence and explored the effect of moderation and mediation factors on the relationship between the dispositional effect and leadership emergence in autonomous work teams limitation and further research direction are also discussed.
[Functional changes and structural features of the testis in patients after acute parotid orchitis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Structural changes and functional features of the testes were studied in 20 patients who had had parotid orchitis (PO) 6 months to 1.5 years before the study. The examination including ultrasonography of the testes, investigation of ejaculate, radioimmunoassay for serum testosterone, FSH, LH brought out a significant reduction of the mean volume and echogenicity of the affected testicles by 44.7 and 50%, respectively, in 15 patients; a 58.2% decrease in the number of spermatozoa in ml; a 71.2% rise in FSH level in 6 patients. Morphometry of biopsy specimen of the testicles on the affected side has shown that mean sectional area of the tubules has diminished by 40%, the spermatogenesis index--by 77.1% while the volume of the intertubular connective tissue increased by 47.7%. Thus, after acute PO, the patients develop atrophic changes in the testes and a decline in spermatogenic function up to secretory infertility.
Partial dysfunction of Treg activation in sickle cell disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with multiple organ damage, chronic anemia, and infections. SCD patients have a high rate of alloimmunization against red blood cells (RBCs) following transfusion and may develop autoimmune diseases. Studies in mouse models have suggested that regulatory T cells (Treg) play a role in alloimmunization against RBC antigens. We characterized the phenotype and function of the Treg cell population in a homogeneous cohort of transfused SCD patients. We found that the distribution of Treg subpopulations differed significantly between SCD patients and healthy blood donors. SCD patients have a particular Treg phenotype, with strong CTLA‐4 and CD39 expression and weak HLA‐DR and CCR7 expression. Finally, we show that this particular phenotype is related to SCD rather than alloimmunization status. Indeed, we observed no difference in Treg phenotype or function in vitro using autologous feeder cells between strong and weak responders to alloimmunization. Am. J. Hematol. 89:261–266, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supplemental Material, sj-docx-3-ptd-10.1177_08968608211047332 - An exploratory study of the relationship between systemic microcirculatory function and small solute transport in incident peritoneal dialysis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-3-ptd-10.1177_08968608211047332 for An exploratory study of the relationship between systemic microcirculatory function and small solute transport in incident peritoneal dialysis patients by Jennifer Williams, Mark Gilchrist, William David Strain, Donald Fraser and Angela Shore in Peritoneal Dialysis International
Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide using an intermittent biweekly schedule.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA, NSC 249992), an acridine derivative, was given to 28 patients with solid tumors and one patient with Hodgkin's disease in a Phase I clinical trial. The dose schedule used was a single dose given every 14 days for three doses. The amount given ranged from 10 to 120 mg/sq m/dose. Dose-limiting toxicity was moderate to severe leukopenia which occurred at and above 70 mg/sq m. Thrombocytopenia was infrequent and did not require transfusion. Nonhematological side effects were mild and included nausea, vomiting, local irritation, and fever. Antineoplastic activity was noted in liposarcoma, adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin, and squamous carcinoma of unknown primary origin (one patient each). Pharmacokinetics studies were done in 19 patients. Total m-AMSA and free m-AMSA concentrations showed a biphasic distribution with an initial rapid phase of t1/2 = 10 to 15 min for both, and a second slow phase of t1/2 = 8 to 9 hr for total m-AMSA and 3 hr for free m-AMSA. Phase II studies with m-AMSA, in hematological cancers are warranted, since its most consistent effect is on leukocytes. The recommended dosages for solid-tumor Phase II studies are 70 mg/sq m for good-risk patients and 50 mg/sq m for poor-risk patients, given as a single dose every other week, or 120 mg/sq m for poor-risk patients for the single-dose every-3-week schedule.
Bilateral Upper Thoracic Sympathectomy in Angina Pectoris: Results in 52 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Résumé

Objectif

Présenter un cadre clinique afin de prendre en considération les éléments sociaux critiques pour les patients autochtones atteints de diabète de type 2.

Sources de l'information

Le Cadre de soins fondé sur l'éducation pour l'équité (Educating for Equity [E4E] Care Framework) a été produit à la suite de l'analyse rigoureuse d'une recherche qualitative portant sur les points de vue de patients autochtones (n = 32), de médecins (n = 28) et d'élaborateurs de cursus en santé autochtone (n = 5) dans toutes les régions du Canada. Un groupe consultatif national formé d'experts en santé autochtone, d'enseignants, de dirigeants, de médecins et de membres de la collectivité a exprimé des commentaires sur une analyse intégrant la recherche primaire dans les recommandations à l'intention des médecins. Des revues systématiques de la documentation ont été effectuées, et la technique du groupe nominal a servi à en arriver à un consensus de l'équipe de recherche sur les thèmes et les recommandations du cadre.

Message principal

Pour les patients autochtones atteints du diabète de type 2, les facteurs sociaux découlant des séquelles de la colonisation sont souvent des obstacles à l'amélioration des issues du diabète, et la culture n'est souvent pas reconnue comme une facilitatrice dans la gestion du diabète. Il est essentiel que le processus clinique unisse la compétence structurelle en juste équilibre avec la sécurité culturelle dans la négociation de la gestion du diabète avec des patients autochtones. Le Cadre de soins fondé sur l'éducation pour l'équité présenté dans cet article propose des recommandations pour naviguer dans ces eaux.

Conclusion

Il est fondamental de mettre l'accent sur les éléments sociaux et culturels pour offrir des soins du diabète efficaces aux patients autochtones. Le Cadre de soins fondé sur l'éducation pour l'équité est une ressource qui peut aider les cliniciens à améliorer la capacité des patients autochtones à apporter des changements d'une façon qui reconnaît les facteurs sociaux qui influencent les taux croissants de diabète, tout en ayant une perspective culturelle pour favoriser de meilleurs résultats.
Grammars, parsers, and language acquisition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Drozd's critique of Crain & Thornton's (C&T) (1998) book Investigations in Universal Grammar (IUG) raises many issues concerning theory and experimental design within generative approaches to language acquisition. I focus here on one of the strongest theoretical claims of the Modularity Matching Model (MMM): continuity of processing. For reasons different to Drozd, I argue that the assumption is tenuous. Furthermore, I argue that the focus of the MMM and the methodological prescriptions contained in IUG are too narrow to capture language acquisition.
OPINIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF INDIAN DIETITIANS REGARDING BOVINE MILK

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the recent past, the possible role of milk in disease pathology has been debated in the scientic community. Dietitians play an important role in healthcare as diet is important for promotion of health; and prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, this study was undertaken to understand dietitians' perspectives on dairy and milk. Fifty-one female dietitians were interviewed to understand their opinions and recommendations about milk. Their opinions on milk alternatives, the causative role of milk in diseases and the A1/A2 milk debate were also sought. Almost all the dietitians (96.1%) stated that milk is good for health and is a good source of calcium and protein. Most dietitians advocated the inclusion of milk for all age groups. However, about one-tenth of dietitians were concerned that milk may be a causative factor for ASD (9.8%) and T1DM (13.6%). Milk was associated with an increased risk of PCOS (52.9%), gastric discomfort (94.1%), and IBS (90.2%). Approximately two-thirds of dietitians (60.8%) recommended plant-based milk alternatives. Further research with a larger number of dietitians is required to determine dietitians' viewpoints about dairy at a national level and to know their practices and knowledge about milk.
Replacement of Fish Meal by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal: Effects on Growth, Haematology, and Skin Mucus Immunity of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fish meal (FM) is no longer a sustainable source for the increasing aquaculture industry. Animal proteins from insects may be used as a FM alternative source as long as they do not create adverse effects in fish. Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) was tested in a 12-week experiment on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four hundred and twenty (14.77 ± 2.09 g) fish were divided into seven groups and were fed seven diets: control (0% BSFLM-100% FM), and FM replaced by BSFLM at rates of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Growth indexes, feed utilization efficiency indices, feed intake, and survival rate were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between FM and BSFLM fed fish. Values of red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell distribution width, and platelet values were not affected by BSFLM. Skin, mucus lysozyme, and peroxidase activities were improved in BSFLM fed fish. BSFLM can be used as a substitution for FM in the Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) diet at up to a 100% rate with no adverse effects.
The Influence of Culture on Psychological Hope

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Almost three decades of research now exist about C. R. Snyder’s psychological theory of hope. Based on a primarily cognitive conceptualization, hope is considered a motivational construct related to goal-setting. Individuals with high hope are more likely to identify goals, effectively navigate around obstacles, and maintain the mental energy to work toward goals. The positive associations of hope can be seen in psychological, physical, academic, and athletic domains of life for youth and adults. Researchers have suggested that hope be viewed through a cultural context lens, and data exists to show that hope is similarly conceptualized in some populations, but not others. The current chapter will provide a summary of hope theory, research, and measurement among individuals from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.