jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
D10 Work Flow Measurement in a Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We measured simultaneously the pressure and the velocity of the oscillating gas to determine the work flow and the phase difference between the pressure and velocity in a thermoacoustic traveling wave engine. We revealed that heat flow was converted into work flow through the Stirling cycle in the present engine. Moreover, we could determine a position where only the traveling wave is formed. An installation of a second regenerator at this particular position led us to construct a thermoacoustic Stirling cooler with low viscous losses.
Characterisation of dredged materials

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Management of contaminated sediments requires - similar to other waste materials - a holistic approach. In addition to the common predictive techniques for estimating contaminant losses - a priori techniques and pathway-specific tests - the interactive nature of various parameters has to be recognized. This means, that particular emphasis should be placed on the evaluation of the two data sets “driving force/geochemical gradient” parameters (mostly redox-sensitive components, which may be critical for the “acid producing capacity”) and “capacity controlling properties” (with prevalence of “carbonate content”). Assessment of these parameters and their long-term borderline conditions, as well as the potential links between the two sets of geochemical properties and of individual parameters should be an integrated part of the wider management scheme, i.e., the analytical and experimental parameters should always be related to the potential remediation options for a specific sediment problem.
Accordi contrattuali tra produttori e finanziatori in un contesto di programmazione sanitaria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the period 1995-1998, in the Italian NHS, hospital services were provided in a setting characterised by a partial split between purchasers and providers, a DRG-based prospective payment system, and freedom of choice for patients. Managed competition was introduced to reduce prices and improve quality through a better contractual specification of the terms of supply. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the contracts for hospital services between purchasers (AUSLs) and independent public hospitals (AOSPs). The analysis shows that the contractual terms reflected the strong hierarchical control exterted by the Regional Government over the bargaining parties due to the former's responsibility to fund any excess spending. In these highly incomplete contracts, the overall budget was built on a DRG-based mechanism, and financial limits were set on the basis of the historical volumes of production. Due to a lack of productive flexibility, AOSPs systematically violated the budget, and different types of risk-sharing rules were ineffective to that purpose as providers could not be driven out of business. Hence, AUSLs were compelled to purchase hospital services from the local AOSPs at higher prices than those granted by vertically integrated providers. In this context, contracts were used more than to elicit price or quality competition as attempts to control current expenditure and to reduce excess supply. Accordingly, in 1999 most competitive elements of the previous mechanism were replaced by cooperative partnerships between purchasers and producers.
Dialektika Hukum Islam pada Masa Awal Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The dynamic and dialectical theory of Islamic law had been since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h). However, the theory of Islamic law in a comprehensive form had just started at the time of al-Shafi’i, and then continuously further developed and refined by the next future jurists of different schools of Islamic law there. The theory of classical Islamic law seeks to integrate the authoritative text (nushûsh) and the role of human reason (ra’y). However, the function of the human mind is at a lower level (subordinate) and additional (subsidiary) rather than function doctrine revealed by God (nushûsh). All schools of Islamic law that had developed at that time had to conform to the model of integration that had to do certain concessions if it wanted to gain recognition as a legitimate school of law. For example, traditionalists must accept ra’y in the form of qiyâs. For this reason, the schools of Islamic law which would not accept qiyâs, it would have been out of the circulation, such as Zahiri and Hasywiyah schools.Keywords: Islamic Law, Early time of Islam, nushûsh, ra’y. Abstrak: Teori hukum Islam yang dinamis dan dialektis sudah ada sejak masa Rasulullah saw. Namun, teori hukum dalam bentuknya yang komprehensif baru dimulai pada masa al-Syafi’i, kemudian secara berkesinambungan terus dikembangkan dan disempurnakan oleh para fuqaha masa berikutnya dari berbagai mazhab hukum Islam yang ada. Teori Hukum Islam klasik berupaya mengintegrasikan antara teks otoritatif (nushûsh) dan peran nalar manusia (ra’y). Namun fungsi nalar manusia berada pada tingkatan yang lebih rendah (subordinatif) dan tambahan (subsider) dibanding fungsi ajaran yang diwahyukan Tuhan (nushûsh). Semua aliran hukum yang berkembang pada saat itu harus menyesuaikan diri dengan model integrasi yang ada dengan melakukan konsesi-konsesi tertentu jika ingin mendapatkan pengakuan sebagai aliran hukum yang sah. Misalnya, aliran tradisionalis harus menerima ra’y dalam bentuk qiyâs. Atas dasar itu, aliran-aliran hukum yang tidak mau menerima qiyâs, dengan sendirinya hilang dari peredaran, seperti mazhab Zahiri dan mazhab Hasywiyah.Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Masa Awal Islam, nushûsh, ra’y.
WATER AND MINERAL STRESSES, PRODUCTION YIELDS AND PHOTOACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi C. cucumerinum, F. culmorum, B. cinerea and A. niger was evaluated using leaf extracts obtained with ethyl acetate or methanol. The relation between mineral supply and photobioactivity was not clear while the increasing of water deficit strongly enhanced the light dependent antifungal activity. On the whole the lack of P and a water deficit of about 50% enhanced the potential photoactivity of C. sativum comparatively to its ground state activity.
Rapid and Simple Procedure for Homogenizing Leaf Tissues Suitable for Mini‐Midi‐Scale DNA Extraction in Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We describe a rapid and simple procedure for homogenizing leaf samples suitable for mini/midi-scale DNA preparation in rice. The methods used tungsten carbide beads and general vortexer for homogenizing leaf samples. In general, two samples can be ground completely within 11.3+/-1.5 sec at one time. Up to 20 samples can be ground at a time using a vortexer attachment. The yields of the DNA ranged from 2.2 to 7.6 microg from 25-150 mg of young fresh leaf tissue. The quality and quantity of DNA was compatible for most of PCR work and RFLP analysis.
Mechanical and electrochemical analysis of AA5083-AA7075 dissimilar alloy joints fabricated by friction stir welding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

This study aims to enhance high strength (AA7075), high-corrosion resistant (AA5083) dissimilar joints of Aluminum (Al) alloys employing friction stir welding (FSW) technique for marine applications. The dissimilar weld of Al alloys was fabricated with standardized FSW process parameters (i.e., 1100 rpm of tool rotational speed, 2° tilt angle, and 50 mm/min of welding speed). Detailed analysis of weld characteristics, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour are carried out to establish the effectiveness of the FSW technique for dissimilar welding. The hardness profiles across the weld regions revealed a notable increase in hardness within the stir zone when compared to the base metals, which is attributed to the fine-grained microstructure produced during the FSW process. The optimized FSW joint's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 80% of the AA7075 base metal, indicating good joint efficiency. Microstructural analysis through optical microscopy and SEM provides insights into the grain structure and phase distribution within the weld zone. The stirred zone exhibits a refined equiaxed grain structure due to the effect of dynamic recrystallization during FSW. Corrosion behavior was assessed using Tafel plots and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Tafel plots illustrated that the welded joint exhibited a corrosion potential and current density comparable to that of the base metals, suggesting that the FSW process did not lower the corrosion resistance of the materials. EIS results provided further evidence of the weld's stability in corrosive environments, with impedance spectra indicating better corrosion resistance.
Does Early Season Browsing Influence the Effect of Self-Pollination in Scarlet Gilia?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Herbivore damage can have indirect effects on plant fitness by influencing other important plant–animal interactions, such as pollination biology. For example, damage to floral and vegetative structures may influence the pattern of pollen movement within and among individual plants. In obligately outcrossing species, enhanced movement of self pollen (geitonogamy) can negatively impact fitness if self pollen clogs stigmas, interferes with stylar transmitting tracts, usurps ovules, or increases fruit abortion. We investigated whether early season browsing affects the fitness cost of self-pollination in the obligately outcrossing species scarlet gilia, Ipomopsis aggregata, using clipping and emasculation treatments. We found that clipping significantly reduced the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds whereas emasculation significantly increased the production of these components of female fitness. In addition, we detected a significant interaction between the clipping and emasculation treatments when considering four components of fitness simultaneously; emasculation led to an increase in the fitness of unclipped plants but not clipped plants. We propose two nonexclusive mechanisms to explain this pattern. First, damaged plants may experience reduced self-pollination due to reductions in pollinator visitation or effectiveness. Alternatively, damaged plants may simply lack the resources (or the ability to allocate resources) to benefit from emasculation. Our results support the notion that herbivory can have indirect effects on plant fitness through effects on other plant–animal interactions.
Generation of Femtosecond Soliton Tweezers Using a Half-Panda System for Modeling the Trapping of a Human Red Blood Cell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Femtosecond optical tweezers are an effective tool for handling individual human red blood cells, as they allow for comparatively easy single cell manipulation with consequent diverse applications in biological science. Optical trapping at low power with short exposure time is desired in order to minimize damage in the vicinity of targeted tissue, and such a requirement can be achieved by using micro-ring resonators in an optical tweezers configuration. This paper describes a modified add/drop multiplexer system, known as half-panda ring resonator, which is suitable for human blood cells trapping and deployment during investigations on deformation and vibration behavior of biological cells. Dark-bright solitons and Gaussian beams are propagated within the proposed system, while the output features can be controlled via manipulation of specific parameters. This study details optical tweezers of FWHM of 33 and 100, and 90 and 152 femtoseconds that are generated at the drop and through ports of the system respectively
Anorectal Avulsion: An Unusual Rectal Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic injuries to the rectum although uncommon can result in virulent complications and even death. Diverting colostomy, presacral drainage, distal wash out and rectal repair, when feasible, have become the standard treatment for rectal injuries. We report an unusual case of rectal injury resulting in anorectal avulsion from skin and surrounding tissues.
Prevalence and Pattern of Tooth Impaction: A Radiographic Study in a Trinidadian Population

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of impacted third molars in a Trinidadian population. Methods: A total of 1500 orthopantomograms (OPG) taken at the School of Dentistry, University of the West Indies, from 2008 to 2019 in patients between 15 and 67 years old were evaluated. From the data collected, the prevalence of third molar impaction, the parameters of gender, angulation, level of impaction, and associated pathologies were evaluated. Other types of impacted teeth were also recorded. Results: Of the 1500 OPG viewed, 408 (27.2%) of the study sample presented with at least one impacted third molar. 161 (39.5%) were males and 247 (60.5%) were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.5. There was a greater incidence of mandibular third molars versus maxillary third molars, which had a frequency of 77.9% and 22.1%, respectively. The most common type of impaction (Winter’s classification) was horizontal in the mandible and distoangular in the maxilla. The most common level of impaction in the mandible (Pell and Gregory classification) was level 1A. The total number of impacted teeth was 775, and of these, 75 (9.7%) showed other impacted teeth besides the third molars. Canines and second premolars were the most prevalent with 7.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Caries on the second molar (49.3%) and third molars (40%) were the most frequently associated pathologies identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth in this study was 27%. These results raise awareness and provide insight among dental professionals in Trinidad as to the prevalence of impacted third molars, their patterns, as well as commonly associated pathologies, and the need for screening within the population.
Label-Free Biosensor Based on Particle Plasmon Resonance Coupled with Diffraction Grating Waveguide

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Particle plasmon resonance (PPR), or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), utilizes intrinsic resonance in metal nanoparticles for sensor fabrication. While diffraction grating waveguides monitor bioaffinity adsorption with out-of-plane illumination, integrating them with PPR for biomolecular detection schemes remains underexplored. This study introduces a label-free biosensing platform integrating PPR with a diffraction grating waveguide. Gold nanoparticles are immobilized on a glass slide in contact with a sample, while a UV-assisted embossed diffraction grating is positioned opposite. The setup utilizes diffraction in reflection to detect changes in the environment’s refractive index, indicating biomolecular binding at the gold nanoparticle surface. The positional shift of the diffracted beam, measured with varying refractive indices of sucrose solutions, shows a sensitivity of 0.97 mm/RIU at 8 cm from a position-sensitive detector, highlighting enhanced sensitivity due to PPR–diffraction coupling near the gold nanoparticle surface. Furthermore, the sensor achieved a resolution of 3.1 × 10−4 refractive index unit and a detection limit of 4.4 pM for detection of anti-DNP. The sensitivity of the diffracted spot was confirmed using finite element method (FEM) simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. This study presents a significant advancement in biosensing technology, offering practical solutions for sensitive, rapid, and label-free biomolecule detection.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Financial Statement Fraud in Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2018-2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Financial statement fraud is the rarest but most detrimental fraud. This type of fraud is growing and becoming more complicated than before due to technological developments. The massive use of technology increases dependence on intellectual assets so that these assets are predicted to minimize the potential for financial statement fraud. This study aims to examine whether intellectual capital negatively affects the probability of financial statement fraud. 105 observations from 30 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022 were sampled through purposive sampling techniques. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel data analysis processed with Eviews version 12. The results showed that only relational capital had an effect in reducing the possibility of financial statement fraud while structural capital had no effect. Human capital is known to be able to increase the possibility of financial statement fraud. This findings contributes to the need to consider intellectual capital in investigating financial statement fraud and other type of fraud.
Isolation and characterization of an acidic xylan from Gobo(Arctium lappa L.).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

From the viewpoint of the physiological function of dietary fiber, it is important to elucidate the structure and properties of cell wall polysaccharides.Gobo (edible burdock, Arctium lappa L.) has very often been used to study the physical properties of dietary fibers.^However, chemical characterization of the polysaccharides in gobo has not been done in detail.In a previous work,2) we suggested from the methylation analysis that the cell walls of gobo consisted of rhamnogalacturonan with neutral sugars, arabinan, xylan, galactan, arabinogalactan, xyloglucan, and cellulose.This work describes the isolation and characterization of acidic xylan.Unless otherwise stated, all materials and experimental procedures used for this study were the sameas those described in previous papers.2,3) Polysaccharides were extracted from defatted gobo 1139 (104.2gdry wt) successively with hot water, 0.5%
How dancing, singing and playing shape the ethnographer: research with children in a Balinese dance studio

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I contribute to the debate on research methods in ethnomusicology. To do this I illustrate how active engagement in the activities and learning processes of children better enables the ethnographer to gain insights into children's musical worlds. This is borne out of my research concerning children's practice and performance of dance, music and song in South-central Bali. The principle aim of my research was to examine the role of music and dance in the everyday lives of Balinese children. This was achieved through an investigation of children's learning and performance of ceremonial and secular traditional dance forms, children's songs and games, and children's disco dance performances. Taking Corsaro's (1985) 'reactive approach', which is responding to or following the children's wishes as my key fieldwork strategy, I show how I developed a basic practical knowledge of Balinese dance and children's songs. This knowledge then made it easier for me to communicate with children and for them to invite me to participate in their music, dance and play activities. I demonstrate that such occasions were beneficial to my research work, because in allowing me to gain insights into their learning of traditional dance and to learn about their songs and games, my potential child-informants also had an opportunity to discover who I was and why I wanted to learn from them.
Mandarin speech synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Synthetic speech has been developed steadily for the past few decades. The objective of the project is to develop a Chinese Text-to-Speech system using concatenative synthesis. Concatenative synthesis involves playing pre-recorded samples of natural speech such as the word or syllable. As Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language with each character pronounced as a syllable, syllable is chosen as the basic synthesis unit in this project. A Chinese speech database containing more than 1300 Chinese syllables were pre-recorded and used for the concatenative speech synthesis. The technique of Time Domain Pitch Synchronous Overlap Add approach (TDPSOLA) was adopted to allow pre-recorded speech samples smoothly concatenated and provides a good controlling for the pitch and duration. A natural speech sentence was pre-recorded and used to compare with the concatenated synthetic speech. To make the concatenated synthetic speech sound as close as that of the natural speech, the technique of TD-PSOLA is adopted to change the duration of each character in the concatenated sentence so that the duration will be almost the same as that of the character in the natural utterance. The pitch of the word in the concatenated sentence is also modified using TD-PSOLA so that it fits the pitch contour of the word in the natural speech sentence. In the modification process, precise pitch detection is crucial. Pitch detection based on the method of autocorrelation is developed to obtain the pitch contour of each monosyllabic speech unit accurately.
Phenology and reproduction of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Campomanesia genus has several species with high diversity of uses. C. adamantium is one such species with high economic potential due to the varied potential uses of fruits and other plant parts. Like most native Cerrado species, there is a lack of agronomic information that will enable the start of commercial crops, in this regard the information on growth and development of plants and propagation of this species should be prioritized. Now, the information we have of the Campomanesia genus allows us to relate the reproductive period with high temperatures and the begining of rains, but could not find data in the literature about C. adamantium. For most species in this genus, the usual way propagation is via seeds is, therefore important to determine the period during which the embryos are more apt to produce a good seedling, period known how physiological maturity. The correlation of physiological maturity of seeds with fruits aspects are more practical and simple ways to guide the collection of seeds. For this species are correlated with the total soluble solids. For other species of the genus, as C. xanthocarpa is possible to correlate the maturity of seeds with the color of the epicarp. Existing assessments on the use of seeds in the spread of C. adamantium reporting low germination rates, unsatisfactory development of plants in the field beyond the sensitivity of drying and storage, characteristics of recalcitrant seeds. In literature data showed maintaining the viability of C. adamantium when seed water content is levels approaching 15% but with high sensitivity to storage. Biometrical characteristics of fruits and seeds are also important in the search for high-quality propagation material, in addition to providing important information about the genetic variability of populations and identification of species of the same genus. Just the high physiological quality of seeds is not guarantee for the success on seedling emergence, the environmental conditions during the germination process are essential to the seed and seedling behavior. Among these external conditions, temperature and substrate are worth mentioning, there are optimal temperatures and substrates for the performance of the germination process of plant species. Temperature affects speed, rate and uniformity of germination while the substrate is the physical medium in which the seed is inserted and has the important function of maintaining the proper conditions for germination. For C. adamantium has been reported the highest percentage of germination at relatively high temperatures, 25 ° C, with a lack of data on promising substrates. This material gathered important information about phenology and sexual propagation of Myrtaceae family species, specially to gabiroba.