jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Visualization of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) Network in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are mesenchymal derived "pacemaker cells" of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that generate spontaneous slow waves required for peristalsis and mediate neuronal input from the enteric nervous system1. Different subtypes of ICC form distinct networks in the muscularis of the GI tract (2,3). Loss or injury to these networks is associated with a number of motility disorders(4). ICC cells express the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase on the plasma membrane and KIT immunostaining has been used for the past 15 years to label the ICC network(5,6). Importantly, normal KIT activity is required for ICC development(5,6). Neoplastic transformation of ICC cells results in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), that frequently harbor gain-of-function KIT mutations(7,8). We recently showed that ETV1 is a lineage-specific survival factor expressed in the ICC/GIST lineage and is a master transcriptional regulator required for both normal ICC network formation and for of GIST tumorigenesis(9). We further demonstrate that it cooperates with activating KIT mutations in tumorigenesis. Here, we describe methods for visualization of ICC networks in mice, largely based on previously published protocols(10,11). More recently, the chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1) has also been characterized as a specific membrane marker of ICC(11,12). Because of their plasma membrane localization, immunofluorescence of both proteins can be used to visualize the ICC networks. Here, we describe visualization of the ICC networks by fixed-frozen cyrosections and whole mount preparations.
Carcinogenicity and Cocarcinogenicity Test of Phenobarbital Sodium in Adult BALB/c Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic action of phenobarbital sodium was investigated in adult BALB/c mice of both sexes when administered alone at a concentration of 0.05 % in drinking water for life or after the animals had been treated with a single hydrazine sulphate dose of 5.65 mg. The results demonstrated that phenobarbital sodium is not carcinogenic in this strain of mice, but, since a single dose of hydrazine sulphate was carcinogenic, does not clarify whether it is a cocarcinogen in the lung.
Using Recorded Audio Feedback in Multi-Cultural Higher e-Education: How Do Academics Experience? A Thematic Network Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of our study is to shed light on how academics experience using recorded audio feedback (RAF) as a feedback method in multi-cultural higher e-Education context. We adopted a qualitative content analysis approach, applying thematic network analysis to the data received from three academics (a case study). This approach proposes graphical networks as an aid for analyzing and synthesizing qualitative data into basic, organizing and global themes. The thematic network analysis produced two global, six organizing and 48 basic themes. The two global themes were named “Speaking style” and “Culture neutrality/sensitivity”. Based on our analysis, academics can, by using RAF in multi-cultural e-Education context, provide learners neutral and caring feedback. Culture neutrality in RAF treats all learners equally and culture sensitivity in RAF promotes learning and progress taking learners’ diversity into account. Based on our analysis we introduce a preliminary RAF process model in multi-cultural higher e-Education context.
Microvascular damage in the cortex of cat brain from middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence provides an extraordinarily powerful method for examining the effects of ischemia/hypoxia on the cortex of the brain. Video camera technology has permitted imaging, through a window in the skull, of the phosphorescence of an oxygen probe, Pd meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphine, bound to albumin in the blood of anesthetized animals. Images of the phosphorescence taken at different times after the flash of excitation light were used to generate high-resolution two-dimensional maps of the oxygen pressure. These maps show that cortical oxygenation is spatially heterogeneous and that there is dynamic time-dependent modulation of regional oxygen pressures. When the middle cerebral artery was occluded, the region for which it supplied blood became hypoxic, the severity of the hypoxia varying among animals. Release after 60 min of occlusion resulted in a rapid rise of the oxygen pressure to above-normal levels followed by onset of a delayed period of hypoxia. This period is characterized by generally low tissue oxygen pressures with local regions of more severe hypoxia. The delayed period of hypoxia appears to result from damage to the microvasculature, and this microvascular damage is proposed to be an important determinant of the extent of irreversible brain damage.
The Role of Complement in the Immunologic Microenvironment of Tumor Cells: Potential Therapeutic Targets

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The complement system comprises a set of essential molecules that bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. Research has focused on how the complement system`s destructive mechanism could potentially be harnessed for cancer treatment. However, cancer subverts the complement system to avoid immunosurveillance. In addition, a complement-triggered biological mechanism that contributes to cancer growth has been identified. Thus, drugs should be designed to homeostatically maintain a normal concentration of complement. This review explores three types of complement-related anti-cancer drugs: therapeutic antibodies, complement inhibitory drugs, and anti-complement regulatory drugs.
Storage ring turn-by-turn BPMS at the Australian Synchrotron

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Australian synchrotron's Storage Ring is equipped with a full compliment of 98 Libera electron beam position processors from I-tech (EBPPs) [1]. The EBPPs are capable of measuring beam position data at turn-by-turn (TBT) rates and have long history buffers. TBT data from the EBPPs has been used to determine the linear optics of the storage ring lattice using techniques developed at other facilities. This is a useful complement to other methods of determining the linear optics such as LOCO. Characteristics of the EBPPs such as beam current dependence have been studied during commissioning and will also be presented.
Association between university student junk food consumption and mental health

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: On a global scale, the mental health consequences of eating habits among the general population are becoming a concern. Particular attention should be directed to the youthful population. Aims: Determine the relationship between university students’ consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Method: University students were asked to complete: a demographic questionnaire, questions on junk food consumption, and depression anxiety stress scores (DASS-21). Body mass index measurements were taken. Logistic regressions were utilized to construct odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals to identify the association between university students’ consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: There were ( N = 509), 66% females and 34% males, mean age was ( M = 18.1 ± .5) years participated in this study. Daily consumption of junk food was significantly linked to stress (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5−8.3), anxiety (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 6.2−20.1), and depression (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 4.5−13.9). Conclusions: This is the first thorough study conducted in Egypt to examine the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression, and junk food consumption among undergraduates at a private Egyptian university. Many college students struggle emotionally, and those who are emotionally troubled are more likely to participate in eating unhealthy food. Our research will be used to inform regional policies on adolescent nutrition and to create preventative strategies.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy in a 3-Year-Old Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare form of cardiomyopathy in children, representing only 2.5%–3% of all pediatric cardiomyopathies, and is typically diagnosed between the ages of 6 and 10. The underlying etiology varies depending on age and region; however, idiopathic, genetic, and endomyocardial fibrosis are among the most common. Cohort studies have demonstrated mortality as high as 50% within 2 years of diagnosis, as well as high rates of adverse events including thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, and sudden cardiac death. There is a paucity of literature on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for the diagnosis of pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy. We present a case of a 3-year-old female whose diagnosis of heart failure was rapidly identified via POCUS which subsequently expedited life-saving treatment.
Peculiarities of the development and seasonal dynamics of the activity of epigean beetles of the Polyphaga suborder (Coleoptera) in fields of winter wheat in the conditions of Southern Ukraine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In total, 168 beetle species from 25 families of the suborder Polyphaga have been recorded on winter wheat crops. 116 species (about 20 families) are registered as stratobionts: 14 were dominants, 32 – subdominants and about 70 species were very rare. The main representatives of stratobios were Staphylinidae, Silphidae, Dermestidae, Histeridae, some Elateridae and Scarabaeidae and most Tenebrionidae. Most staphylinids are more numerous in spring (late April – first half of May) and sometimes in summer (especially dominant Tachyporus hypnorum). A high number of Silphidae was noted by mid-May, but decreased in the summer months. Two peaks of abundance are characteristic of Anthicidae, Latridiidae and Cryptophagidae: the smaller in spring (the first half of May) and the maximum in summer (the second half of June – early July). The number of Dermestidae increases gradually from mid-May and reaches maximum from late May to early or mid-June. Among Tenebrionidae, the species of genera Opatrum and Gonocepalum are more numerous in spring than in summer. Crypticus quisquilius were numerous by mid-summer. Among Elateridae, high number of Agriotes sputator was recorded from May to mid-June, and the appearance of Aelosomus rossi was recorded from mid-April, with a peak in the first half of summer. In spring, some Scarabaeidae (some species of Geotrupinae and Pentodon idiota), Histeridae and some species of weevils were more numerous in summer. In years with different meteorological conditions, significant discrepancies were noted in the timing of the rise and fall in the number of many beetles. But smaller differences in the number of specimens are noted between different years in comparision with individual phases of wheat vegetation. Some features of the sex index of beetles (higher during egg laying) and the development of dominant species are briefly considered.
THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF COVID-19 IN NIGERIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is imperative, based on the perception of socio-economic health disparity studies, that the poorest and most disadvantaged people would bear a more significant burden on COVID-19 in the long run. It should also be noted that, in response to deaths and significant sequelae from the outbreak of COVID-19 disease, there will be substantial costs for the economy, which will require drastic steps and actions, followed by strong will and commitment on the part of the Nigerian government and its people. Though the Nigerian government is enforcing various initiatives, in mitigating the spread, but much has to be done as by the day, the number of confirmed cases keep on increasing. Notably, the COVID-19 outbreak should be seen by Nigerians as a 'war' to be fought and ready to dramatically raise government health spending to curb the threat. In this article, we systematically discussed the Covid-19 spill overs effects and its economic implication on the Nigerian economy as a whole.
Hoist Tulangan Machine Maintenance Design Using Lean Maintenance Method (Case Studi Of Pt. Xyz)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract PT. XYZ is a company engaged in manufacturing concrete. There are many machines that used in this company, one of them is the Reinforcement Hoist machine. The Reinforcement Hoist machine is the engine with the highest downtime on line 8 during 2019 with 90 hours. The maintenance system that applied in this company is corrective maintenance. To implement a preventive maintenance system, researcher has used the Lean Maintenance method to find the MTTF value for each component and analyzing maintenance activities by Maintenance Value Stream Mapping (MVSM).The purpose of this research was to determine the critical components of the Reinforcement Hoist machine using FMEA, determine the reliability value of machine using RBD, determine preventive scheduling using selected distributions, and calculate maintenance efficiency using the Lean Maintenance method. From the results of the FMEA critical components are the Gearbox and End Carriage components. The Reliability Value of the Reinforcement Hoist engine is 85.69% with MTTF Gearbox component every 3 days and the End Carriage component every 6 days. The results of the Maintenance Efficiency of the Gearbox component are 49.59% and the End Carriage component is 61.35%.
Comparative Studies on the Effect of Boiling and Sprouting on Antioxidant Potential of Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sprouted bulbs of Allium plants have been considered to be a waste in many kitchens and these discarded bulbs may contain improved antioxidant potentials as a result of sprouting. The study aimed to investigate how sprouting and boiling affect the antioxidant properties of garlic (Allium sativum) and onions (Allium cepa). Garlic and onion bulbs were either sprouted for 0–10 days or boiled for 0–8 minutes. The aqueous, methanol, and chloroform of the bulb extracts were then prepared, screened phytochemically, and their ability to scavenge 2, 2-diphenyl-1–picril–hydrazil (DPPH) radicals was employed to evaluate their antioxidant potentials using conventional techniques. The results show that boiling reduced the samples' total phenol, flavonoid, and ascorbic concentrations significantly (p<0.05) regardless of the kind of solvent utilized. The sprouted methanol extract of onions (7.84 mg/g RE) at day 8 and sprouted methanol extract of garlic (20.16 mg/g RE) at day 10 showed a considerably (p<0.05) higher total flavonoid content. All extracts expressed higher phenolic content at day 8 of sprouting onion and there was a significant increase till day 10 of sprouting garlic. The DPPH Scavenging activity of sprouted garlic and onions has the minimum activity on the 8th day. However, the comparative measure of ascorbic acid content in sprouted garlic and onions increases but differs slightly, Garlic has its maximum ascorbic content at the 10th day (8.820mg/g), while Onions has its maximum ascorbic content at 6th day (6.29mg/g). Generally, the antioxidant potentials of boiled extracts of onion and garlic decreased significantly. The study revealed that sprouting of onions and garlic could increase their antioxidant capacity while boiling reduces their antioxidant capacity in both samples.
Osmotic pressures of aqueous poly‐(acrylic acid) solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Osmotic pressure measurements over a range of polymer concentration are reported for a high molecular weight sodium polyacrylate fraction of one‐third and full neutralization in 0.1 M ‐sodium chloride solutions. From data on solutions sufficiently concentrated in polymer to justify representation as uniform dispersions of segments in solvent, values of an effective charge parameter are calculated. These are compared with charge parameters deduced indirectly, although in an equivalent manner, from previous dilute solution studies on related systems.
Supplementary Table S1 and Figures S1-S7 from ODM-203, a Selective Inhibitor of FGFR and VEGFR, Shows Strong Antitumor Activity, and Induces Antitumor Immunity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary table S1 shows the effect of ODM-203 in a large kinase panel. Supplementary figure S1 shows how ODM-203 is synthesized. Supplementary figure S2 shows the effect of ODM-203 on FRS2 phosphorylation. Supplement figure S3 shows the effect of ODM-203 in additional in vivo xenograft models. Supplement figure S4 shows the effect of ODM-203 on pFGFR in the SNU16 xenograft model. Supplement figure S5 shows the effect of ODM-203 on pFGFR in the KSM11 xenograft model. Supplement figure S6 shows the effect of ODM-203 angiogenesis in vivo. Supplement figure S7 shows the effect of ODM-203 on PD-L1 expression in vitro.</p>
The Complex Influence of Filtration Operation on Indoor 222Rn (radon) and 220Rn (thoron) Concentration

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the proximate source of dose to the cells of the bronchial epithelium is caused by the airborne decay products of radon and thoron, it is in some situations more practical to remove the daughter products from the air in the form of filtration with pump and High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. However, the filtration process induced some complex influence on indoor radon, thoron concentration despite the high performance of removing the decay products of radon and thoron. It is found that in the test range of filtration rates from 0.2-0.8 h-1, the thoron concentration was increased to similar extents, for radon, except the case of 0.2 h-1, the higher filtration rates (0.4-0.8 h-1) slightly decreased the radon concentration, and the higher filtration rates, the lower average concentrations of the radon. Discrimination between the different responses of radon and thoron might be caused by their wide disparity in half-life thus varied mechanism of exhalation and spatial distribution in the case of filtration operation.
A rare complex mutation in FMF gene; genetics and treatment decisions in Familial Mediterranean Fever patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: FMF is an autosomal-recessive autoinflammatory disease characterized by episodic, self-limiting attacks characterized by fever, abdominal pain, pleurisy, arthritis and erysipelas-like-erythema. Systemic amyloidosis is the most severe manifestation of the disease. Case: 3 year old patient for evaluation of FMF who was referred because of gastrointestinal symptoms and a paternal family history of FMF. He had a number of gastrointestinal symptoms as an infant up to the age of 8 months, since the age of 1 year the patient had had 2 episodes each lasting 2 months, during which he would be sick every week with fever and severe abdominal pain and vomiting. The patient met the criteria for FMF based on the criteria from the Sheba medical center of Tel Hashomer in Israel. The patient was determined to have rare heterozygous complex mutation with E148Q-P369S-R408Q in cis state. Testing of his parents revealed that he had inherited all of the mutations from his mother despite the paternal familial history of FMF. Since amyloidosis is rare in Ashkenazi families and due to absence of mutations liked with high risk of amyloidosis, it was determined that he did not need chronic colchicine therapy. To best of our knowledge this is the third reported case of FMF with this gene complex and the first reported case in a patient of Shephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Conclusion: E148Q, P369S and R408Q when present separately are associated with a mild phenotype and incomplete penetrance, but when present together in cis form on same allele may lead to increased penetrance and clinical disease.
Impact of salinity on early reproductive physiology of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in relation to a heterogeneous distribution of toxic ions in flower organs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of short-term treatments (10 days) by a high salt level (150 mm NaCl) on vegetative and reproductive development was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ailsa Craig) at two developmental stages. Salinity applied during flowering transition reduced shoot biomass and delayed the appearance of the first inflorescence. Both shoot and root biomasses were reduced when salt was applied during the development of the first inflorescence. At both stages, areas of young leaves decreased and time to first anthesis increased, while total number of flowers in the first inflorescence was not affected. Flower abortion, reduction of pollen number and viability were higher when salinity was applied during inflorescence development. Na+ accumulated in all organs while K+ decreased. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry microanalysis revealed that Na+ accumulated in style, ovaries and anther intermediate layers but not in the tapetum nor in the pollen grains when salinity was applied during inflorescence development. K+ was not significantly affected in these structures. Soluble carbohydrates dramatically increased in leaves and decreased in the inflorescence under salt stress conditions. The failure of inflorescence to develop normally under salt stress can be better explained in terms of altered source–sink relationships rather than accumulation of toxic ions.
The Usage of Space in Dialogical Self-Construction: From Dante to Cyberspace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is commonly acknowledged that Western modernization has changed the outlook on identity, from the ascribed identity in premodern times to the identity management in the late-modern times. The medium of the Internet facilitates a relatively open exchange between positions that are not bound by time and space, resulting in a more tentative self-construction. Regardless of its specific sociohistorical format, every self-construction and identity formation may consist of cycles of intensified "selving". Dante's divina commedia is a poetic account of the author's journey through hell, purgatory, and heaven. Dante is a forerunner of modernity in questioning his own identity through introspection and a critical soul searching. At the same time, the Divina Commedia is a period document in its extensive use of doctrines, metaphors, and symbols that allude to a medieval Christian worldview with its closed and preordained cosmology. The Internet has created a cyberspace with an unlimited stock of virtual contexts to explore.
[Familial hyperchylomicronemia with a new mutation of the lipoprotein lipase gene].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Familial hyperchylomicronemia usually presents with eruptiva xanthomas, abdominal pain, pancreatic manifestation and lipemia retinalis. Papulo-nodular xanthomas occur more frequently in children as in our case. Eighty lipoprotein lipase gene mutations have been recorded to date. The gene locates on chromosome 8. Only 9 non-sense mutations have been described which lead to a truncated protein. In our case, no enzymatic activity was detected probably due to an absence of secretion of the enzyme, even though catalytic activity persisted. The homozygous carrier status leads to hyperchylomicronemia whereas the heterozygote status may lead to mixed hyperlipidemia with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The screening of lipoprotein lipase gene mutations should be carried out in all families with hyperchylomicronemia, regardless of the presence or absence of xanthomas.