jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Photoenzymatic System for Alcohol Oxidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A photocatalytic regeneration approach for the oxidized nicotinamide cofactors NAD(P) + is presented. By simple irradiation with visible light, the rate of flavin‐mediated NAD(P)H oxidation is accelerated by two orders of magnitude. Catalytic use of the flavin is straightforward under aerobic conditions. Combined with alcohol dehydrogenases, photoenzymatic oxidation schemes are obtained allowing for selective, O 2 ‐driven oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. The simplicity and practical applicability of this oxidation approach is demonstrated in the oxidative lactonization of 1,4‐ and 1,5‐diols. Under nonoptimized conditions, total turnover numbers of 170 and 340 are achieved for the nicotinamide cofactor and the flavin catalyst, respectively.
RFID-based entry into the German B2B parcel market and its effect on competitive strategies, prices and market shares: The case of red parcel post

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the market entry of Red Parcel Post, a new player in the German Business-to-Business (B2B) parcel market. Currently there are four large service providers in the German B2B parcel market. Each of these incumbent providers operates - albeit with varying degrees of automation - with a classical multi-hub-and-spoke network. Red Parcel Post plans to enter the B2B parcel market with a completely new parcel delivery system for the delivery of B2B parcels throughout Germany based on a new transport network design, and RFID- and GPS-based operations. Such operations shall enable the entrant to offer new services to potential customers and realize lower costs and prices than the established firms. We describe the market and contrast the incumbents' and the entrant's business strategies. Moreover, we develop a model to analyze the effect of the entrant's market entry on competitive strategies, market shares, prices, costs and profits. \nFirst, we solve the game-theoretic model analytically to derive qualitative results. In a second step, we simulate market entry and competition by calibrating the model with data from the German B2B market illustrating the impact of market entry in various scenarios.
Parent–Child Attachment Moderates the Associations Between Cyberbullying Victimization and Adolescents’ Health/Mental Health Problems: An Exploration of Cyberbullying Victimization Among Chinese Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cyberbullying is a public health concern worldwide, including China. Cyberbullying victimization has negative effects on adolescents’ health and mental health. This study examined the associations between cyberbullying victimization and several health and mental health problems among adolescents in China. A total of 3,232 adolescents aged 15 to 17 were recruited from 18 high schools in Xi’an, China, using a stratified random sampling method. Self-report data were collected via survey from adolescents in Xi’an, China. In total, 22.2% and 6.3% of the sample reported having experienced cyberbullying victimization in their lifetime and the past year, respectively. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression revealed that lifetime and preceding-year cyberbullying victimization was, respectively, significantly associated with poorer health (β = −1.58, p < .001; β = −2.22, p < .001), more severe depressive symptoms (β= 3.74, p < .001; β = 4.48, p < .001), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (β = 7.16, p < .001; β = 4.77, p < .001). Binary regression revealed that lifetime and preceding-year cyberbullying victimization was, respectively, significantly related to higher odds of problem drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, p < .001; OR = 1.84, p < .01), cigarette smoking (OR = 1.69, p < .001; OR = 2.21, p < .001), and gambling engagement (OR = 1.35, p < .05; OR = 1.97, p < .01). Furthermore, greater levels of parent–child attachment were a protective factor against the negative effects of cyberbullying victimization on adolescents’ depressive symptoms ( p < .001) and PTSD ( p < .05). It is critical to develop and implement prevention and early intervention programs that are tailored to address the needs of adolescents in China. Parental involvement needs to be incorporated into interventions for cyberbullying victimization.
Survey on relationship between fatty liver disease and gallbladder disease in physical examination population from No.456 hospital of Chinese PLA(2013)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the prevalence of fatty liver and gallbladder disease,and analyse the relationship between both diseases in physical examination population from a hospital of Jinan. Methods This study enrolled 19394 people who receiving physical examination in author's physical examination center from January 2013 to July 2013 for statistic analysis of the data. Results The prevalence of fatty liver disease was 30.27%(5870 / 19394),male was higher than female. The prevalence of gallbladder disease was 6.03%(1170 / 19394),no obvious difference prevalence was found between male and female. The prevalence of gallbladder disease in patients with fatty liver disease was higher than the patients without fatty liver disease(χ2=172.166,P 0.001),female was higher than male(χ2=9.481,P=0.002). The prevalence of gallbladder disease in patients with fatty liver disease increased with age,reached a peak value after age of 70 years old. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of fatty liver disease in Jinan City,the onset relationship between fatty liver disease and gallbladder disease is closely related.
Convolutional Neural Networks as Summary Statistics for Approximate Bayesian Computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Approximate Bayesian Computation is widely used in systems biology for inferring parameters in stochastic gene regulatory network models. Its performance hinges critically on the ability to summarize high-dimensional system responses such as time series into a few informative, low-dimensional summary statistics. The quality of those statistics acutely impacts the accuracy of the inference task. Existing methods to select the best subset out of a pool of candidate statistics do not scale well with large pools of several tens to hundreds of candidate statistics. Since high quality statistics are imperative for good performance, this becomes a serious bottleneck when performing inference on complex and high-dimensional problems. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network architecture for automatically learning informative summary statistics of temporal responses. We show that the proposed network can effectively circumvent the statistics selection problem of the preprocessing step for ABC inference. The proposed approach is demonstrated on two benchmark problem and one challenging inference problem learning parameters in a high-dimensional stochastic genetic oscillator. We also study the impact of experimental design on network performance by comparing different data richness and data acquisition strategies.
Global blood and marrow transplantation training for international physicians from LMICs: 5-year experience at UIC

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The University of Illinois at Chicago Global Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) program aims to build capacity and address the disparity in BMT access in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through a structured, in-person training initiative. Between 2018 and 2022, the program hosted 13 trainees from 8 countries (Bolivia, Nepal, Nigeria, Ukraine, Uganda, Greece, Argentina, and Tanzania) offering a comprehensive curriculum encompassing hematologic disease management, transplant protocols, quality management, and research development. Surveys conducted before training, after training, and 6 months after the sessions, demonstrated the program’s success in equipping participants with the knowledge and tools to initiate or advance BMT plans in their home institutions. Feedback from trainees emphasized the value of clinical and laboratory observership, case discussions, and networking opportunities, while advocating for extended training durations. These findings provide insight on the program’s role in working with LMIC physicians to support their plans tailored to the health care challenges in their countries.
Yüksek hidrostatik basıncın (YHB) nişastanın fizikokimyasal ve dokusal özelliklerini üzerine etkisi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Starch is the major polysaccharide consumed by human being. It is not classified as a dietary fiber as it is digestible by the enzymes present in the saliva and small intestines. However, it could become possible to modify the starch with thermal and non-thermal techniques. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is a cold pasteurization technique that has increased application in the food industry with minimum effect on the nutritional quality of the products. It is hypothesized that the use of HHP could be a modification strategy for starch. In this study, the effects of different HHP parameters (400 and 500 MPa) at different temperature (20◦C, 30◦C, and 40◦C) for 5, 15 and 30 min on in vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties of cornstarch were studied. The results showed that HHP treatment increased SDS (Slowly Digestible Starch) and RDS (Rapid Digestible Starch) significantly (p≤0.05). In addition to this, it was shown that HHP treatment decreased the solubility and swelling power of the cornstarch and T2 relaxation times increased with HHP treatment as measured by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Relaxometry experiments.
Identification of Brain Functions and its Disorders Using SVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper helps the neurologists to diagnose and determine weather a patient is epileptic or non epileptic .EEG standard is an acronym for Electroencephalogram has been traditionally used to diagnose the brain activity of a patient which corresponds to epilepsy and other brain disorders. The features are extracted using medical data signals and SVM is trained using the extracted signals. This paper focuses on developing a classification technique called SVM for multichannel EEG recordings. Traditional SVMs are used to exploit both spatial and temporal characteristics of EEG data. The proposed technique is tested on two EEG data sets acquired from ten patients respectively [1] SVM is based on the principle of structural risk minimization and it can be used for non linear regression. This study is a necessary application of data mining to advance the diagnosis and treatment of human epilepsy. The performance system achieves the identification rate of 96.0 % for 10 subjects.
A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Rolling Bearing Based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition and GMM-HMM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering frequency domain energy distribution differences of bearing vibration signal in the different failure modes, a rolling bearing fault pattern recognition method is proposed based on orthogonal wavelet packet decomposition and Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM). The orthogonal three-layer wavelet packet decomposition is used to obtain wavelet packet decomposition coefficients from low frequency to high frequency. Rolling bearing raw vibration signals are firstly decomposed into the wavelet signals of different frequency bands, then different frequency band signals are reconstructed respectively to extract energy features, which form feature vectors as the model input of GMM-HMM. A large number of samples are trained to get model parameters for different bearing faults, then several groups of test data are adopted to verify GMM-HMMs so different fault types of rolling bearings are recognized. By calculating the current state appearance probability of monitoring data in GMM-HMMs, different failure patterns are recognized and evaluated from the maximum probability. Similarly, we establish GMM-HMMs for different grade fault samples and evaluated the performance degradation state. Test results show that the proposed fault diagnosis approach can identify accurately the fault pattern of rolling bearings and evaluate performance degradation of bearings.
Ca2+ enhances Aβ polymerization rate and fibrillar stability in a dynamic manner

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Identifying factors that affect the self-assembly of Aβ (amyloid-β peptide) is of utmost importance in the quest to understand the molecular mechanisms causing AD (Alzheimer's disease). Ca2+ has previously been shown to accelerate both Aβ fibril nucleation and maturation, and dysregulated Ca2+ homoeostasis frequently correlates with development of AD. The mechanisms regarding Ca2+ binding, as well as its effect on fibril kinetics, are not fully understood. Using a polymerization assay we show that Ca2+ in a dynamic and reversible manner enhances both the elongation rate and fibrillar stability, where specifically the ‘dock and lock’ phase mechanism is enhanced. Through NMR analysis we found that Ca2+ affects the fibrillar architecture. In addition, and unexpectedly, we found that Ca2+ does not bind the free Aβ monomer. This implies that Ca2+ binding requires an architecture adopted by assembled peptides, and consequently is mediated through intermolecular interactions between adjacent peptides. This gives a mechanistic explanation to the enhancing effect on fibril maturation and indicates structural similarities between prefibrillar structures and mature amyloid. Taken together we show how Ca2+ levels affect the delicate equilibrium between the monomeric and assembled Aβ and how fluctuations in vivo may contribute to development and progression of the disease.
Cosmological moduli problem in a supersymmetric model with direct gauge mediation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, an interesting class of the direct gauge mediation supersymmetry\n(SUSY) breaking models are proposed, in which the minimum of the potential of\nthe SUSY breaking field is determined by the inverted hierarchy mechanism. We\nconsider their cosmological implications. In this class of models, SUSY\nbreaking field has a very flat potential, which may have a cosmological\nimportance. Assuming the initial amplitude of the SUSY breaking field to be of\nthe order of the Planck scale, it can be a source of a large entropy\nproduction. A special attention is paid to the cosmological moduli problem, and\nwe will see the cosmological mass density of the moduli field can be\nsignificantly reduced.\n
Validation of a Novel Smartphone Accelerometer-Based Knee Goniometer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Loss of full knee extension following anterior cruciate ligament surgery has been shown to impair knee function. However, there can be significant difficulties in accurately and reproducibly measuring a fixed flexion of the knee. We studied the interobserver and the intraobserver reliabilities of a novel, smartphone accelerometer-based, knee goniometer and compared it with a long-armed conventional goniometer for the assessment of fixed flexion knee deformity. Five healthy male volunteers (age range 30 to 40 years) were studied. Measurements of knee flexion angle were made with a telescopic-armed goniometer (Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN) and compared with measurements using the smartphone (iPhone 3GS, Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) knee goniometer using a novel trigonometric technique based on tibial inclination. Bland–Altman analysis of validity and reliability including statistical analysis of correlation by Pearson's method was undertaken. The iPhone goniometer had an interobserver correlation (r) of 0.994 compared with 0.952 for the Lafayette. The intraobserver correlation was r = 0.982 for the iPhone (compared with 0.927). The datasets from the two instruments correlate closely (r = 0.947) are proportional and have mean difference of only −0.4 degrees (SD 3.86 degrees). The Lafayette goniometer had an intraobserver reliability ± 9.6 degrees. The interobserver reliability was ± 8.4 degrees. By comparison the iPhone had an interobserver reliability ± 2.7 degrees and an intraobserver reliability ± 4.6 degrees. We found the iPhone goniometer to be a reliable tool for the measurement of subtle knee flexion in the clinic setting.
Spectrophotometric determination of eflornithine hydrochloride using vanillin as derivative chromogenic reagent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: To develop and validate a spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of eflornithine hydrochloride as a pure compound and in pharmaceutical formulations.Methods: The method involved the reaction of the target compound with vanillin reagent at specific pH 5.6 to produce a green reddish color chromogen. The derivative chromogen exhibits absorption maxima at 578 nm. At the pH of the reaction, there was no degradation. The developed method was validated as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and robustness.Results: Under the indicated conditions, the proposed method was linear over the concentration range of 5 - 25 μg/ml and the correlation coefficient (r2) was > 0.998 (n = 6) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.003 % (n = 6). Mean recovery of the target compound was 100.58 % with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 4.3 μg/ml and limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 μg/ml.Conclusion: The results demonstrate the stability-indicating power of the proposed method which is precise, accurate, simple and economic. Thus, the method can be applied to the routine analysis of eflornithine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.Keywords: Eflornithine hydrochloride, Vanillin, Spectrophotometric assay, Validation, ICH guidelines
Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The plant circadian clock allows the anticipation of daily changes to the environment. This anticipation aids the responses to temporally predictable biotic and abiotic stress. Conversely, disruption of circadian timekeeping severely compromises plant health and reduces agricultural crop yields. It is therefore imperative that we understand the intricate regulation of circadian rhythms in plants, including the factors that affect motion of the transcriptional clockwork itself. Testing circadian defects in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) traditionally involves crossing specific mutant lines to a line rhythmically expressing firefly luciferase from a circadian clock gene promoter. This approach is laborious, time-consuming, and could be fruitless if a mutant has no circadian phenotype. The methodology presented here allows a rapid initial assessment of circadian phenotypes. Protoplasts derived from mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis are isolated, transfected with a rhythmically expressed luminescent reporter, and imaged under constant light conditions for 5 days. Luminescent traces will directly reveal whether the free-running period of mutant plants is different from wild-type plants. The advantage of the method is that any Arabidopsis line can efficiently be screened, without the need for generating a stably transgenic luminescent clock marker line in that mutant background.
Scoping review of exposure questionnaires and surveys in interstitial lung disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Many interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have clear causal relationships with environmental and occupational exposures. Exposure identification can assist with diagnosis, understanding disease pathogenesis, prognostication and prevention of disease progression and occurrence in others at risk. Despite the importance of exposure identification in ILD, there is no standardised assessment approach. Many questionnaires are in clinical and research use, yet their utility, applicability, relevance and performance characteristics are unknown. Objectives This scoping review aimed to summarise the available evidence relating to ILD exposure assessment questionnaires, identify research gaps and inform the content for a future single evidence-based ILD questionnaire. Methods A scoping review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was conducted. Eligibility criteria: Any questionnaire that elicited exposures specific to ILD was included. A modified COSMIN Risk of Bias Framework was used to assess quality. Sources of evidence: Relevant articles were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 23 July 2023. Results 22 exposure questionnaires were identified, including 15 generally pertaining to ILD, along with several disease-specific questionnaires for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n=4), chronic beryllium disease, sarcoidosis and silicosis (1 questionnaire each). For most questionnaires, quality was low, whereby the methods used to determine exposure inclusion and questionnaire validation were not reported or not performed. Collectively the questionnaires covered 158 unique exposures and at-risk occupations, most commonly birds, mould/water damage, wood dust, asbestos, farming, automotive mechanic and miners. Only five questionnaires also provided free-text fields, and 13 queried qualifiers such as temporality or respiratory protection. Conclusions Designing a robust ILD-specific questionnaire should include an evidence-based and relevance-based approach to exposure derivation, with clinicians and patients involved in its development and tested to ensure relevance and feasibility.
Purification and characterization of Aeromonas sobria pili, a possible colonization factor

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Pili of Aeromonas sobria Ae1 were purified and characterized. The molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be about 23 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Ae1 pili were electrophoretically and immunologically distinguishable from the W pili of A. hydrophila Ae6, although the two pili were morphologically indistinguishable. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two pilins were identical in the first 10 residues. Strain Ae1 and its purified pili adhered to human and rabbit intestines and agglutinated human and rabbit erythrocytes. Hemagglutination was inhibited by D-galactose and D-mannose, but not by L-fucose. Organisms pretreated with the Fab fraction of the antipilus antibody failed to adhere to the intestines. Organisms did not adhere to intestines pretreated with the purified pili. These findings suggest that the pili are a colonization factor of A. sobria Ae1.