jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An unexpectedly high excision capacity for mispaired 5-hydroxymethyluracil in human cell extracts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The oxidation of thymine in DNA can generate a base pair between 5-hydroxymethyluracil (HmU) and adenine, whereas the oxidation and deamination of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA can generate a base pair between HmU and guanine. Using synthetic oligonucleotides containing HmU at a defined site, HmU-DNA glycosylase activities in HeLa cell and human fibroblast cell extracts have been observed. An HmU-DNA glycosylase activity that removes HmU mispaired with guanine has been measured. Surprisingly, the HmU:G excision activity is 60 times greater than the corresponding HmU:A activity, even though the expected rate of formation of the HmU:A base pair exceeds that of the HmU:G base pair by a factor of 10 7 . The HmU:G mispair would arise from the 5mC:G base pair, and, if unrepaired, would give rise to a transition mutation. The observation of an unexpectedly high HmU:G glycosylase activity suggests that human cells may encounter the HmU:G mispair much more frequently than expected. The conversion of 5mC to HmU must be considered as a potential pathway for the generation of 5mC to T transition mutations, which are often found in human tumors.
The Blood Brain Barrier in Renal Hypertensive Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) are less prone to develop a dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) when exposed to an abrupt increase in blood pressure than normotensive rats (NR), probably as a result of vessel wall hypertrophy and increased vessel wall to lumen ratio. Hemodynamic studies have indicated that structural adaptation develops early as a response to the increased pressure load in renal hypertensive rats (RHR). In the present study RHR (one renal artery constricted and the contralateral kidney intact) were subjected to acute hypertension induced by bicuculline, a drug that induces an abrupt increase in blood pressure concomitant with pronounced cerebral vasodilatation. Protein leakage in the brain, as indicated by Evans blue-albumin and 125IHSA (human serum albumin) extravasation, was not reduced in RHR compared to NR. The cerebrovascular permeability was slightly but significantly (p < 0.01) increased in RHR even in the absence of further blood pressure manipulation. No neurological symptoms were observed in conscious RHR when the BBB dysfunction was aggravated by hypercapnia. The increased cerebrovascular permeability in RHR cold be due to a lower degree of structural adaptation in RHR compared to SHR and/or to some permeability-increasing humoral factor in renal hypertension.
National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) was first funded by the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Midlife Development. An interdisciplinary network of scholars from multiple disciplines such as psychology, epidemiology, and sociology was involved with the project. Some prominent investigators of the original MIDUS development included Orville Brim (John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation on Successful Midlife Development), Paul Baltes (Max Planck Institute for Human Development), and Ronald Kessler (Harvard Medical School). The focus of MIDUS was conceptually broad, examining a collection of behavioral, psychological, and social factors associated with age-related variations in health and well-being extending from midlife into older adulthood (Brim, Ryff, & Kessler, 2004). Data collection began from 1995 through 1996, with the original MIDUS sample consisting of 7,108 predominantly Caucasian participants aged 25 to 74 years. This wide age range combined with strategic sampling design captures the developmental variation needed to examine the foundations of midlife change and aging processes. Along with the national probability sample (N1⁄4 3,487), MIDUS also includes a selective oversampling of metropolitan areas (N1⁄4 757), a sibling sample of the main respondents (N1⁄4 950), and a national sample of twin pairs (N1⁄4 1,914). With a diverse team of coinvestigators, MIDUS measures were oriented to collect a wide array of information in different content areas. Content areas included demographic and life history factors, physical and mental health histories, behavioral patterns, relationship and social network characteristics, exercise and dietary activities, occupational information, childhood characteristics, religiousness, financial data, and future interests and hopes. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 2014, Vol. 79(4) 329–331 ! The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0091415015574174 ahd.sagepub.com
Impact of early and adequate antifungal treatment in candidemia. Seven-year experience in a General University Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In recent years, Candida has become a common pathogen isolated in blood cultures, reaching the fourth place in intranosocomial blood stream infections. Species of non-albicans Candida are becoming more frequent and their susceptibility to drugs is less predictable. These infections are associated with high mortality, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients. The survival rate is directly related to the initiation of adequate and early empiric therapy. Methods & Materials: Evaluate the impact of adequate and early treatment in patients with candidemia Prospective study of 195 episodes of candidemia from March 2010 to June 2017. Neutropenic patients and bone marrow transplant recipients were excluded. The empirical treatment was classified as adequate (AET) or inadequate (IET), according to susceptibility or resistance of the isolated strains. EUCAST- established sensitivity criteria were used. Results: Our study detected 195 Candida blood culture isolations. Seventy nine cases (40.5%) were caused by C. albicans, whereas 116 cases (59.5%) were caused by non-albicans Candida. Of the latter, 56 cases (28.5%) were C. glabrata, 29 cases (15%) C. parapsilosis, 19 cases (10%) C. tropicalis, 9 cases (4.5%) C. krusei and 3 cases of other Candida species. Of the 116 isolations of non-albicans Candida, 72 (62%) were resistance to fluconazole, while only 3 (4%) resistant strains were found in the Candida albicans isolations. There was no resistance to echinocandins or amphotericin BOf all patients, 151 received AET (77.5%) and 44 IET (22.5%). The mortality rate was 22% in those patients with AET and 77% in the IET group (p < 0.001), RR 3.5 (2.5-4.9)We observed that in the group of AET patients who died, 64% had delayed catheter removal beyond 5 days. There were no deaths in those patients with AET and catheter removal within 24 hours. Conclusion: Candidemias were mostly caused by non-albicans Candida species, with an important level of resistance to fluconazole. The highest mortality rates were observed in patients with IET and those with delayed catheter removal. According to these results, the empirical treatment should be initiated with Echinocandins, eventually de-escalation and early catheter removal.
Model and Algorithm of Dynamic Wagon-flow Allocation on Uncertainty Conditions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under the target of maximum number of vehicles in a stage plan, the model of dynamic wagon-flow allocating under the uncertain condition can be built. The improved approximate nondeterministic tree search (ANTS) algorithm whose parameter ¿ fixed by chaos sequence generator will be introduced by means of defining the possibility break up set, waiting set and choice set to mapping dynamic wagon-flow allocating onto scheme tree. Improved route construction rule and pheromone updating, and the judgment of constraint condition in the process of transfer can enhance the efficiency of solution and convergence speed of the algorithm. The example demonstrates that the algorithm mentioned can find out a global scheme in a relatively efficient way.
Biocompatible MIL-101(Fe) as a Smart Carrier with High Loading Potential and Sustained Release of Curcumin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was the investigation of the potential of MIL-101(Fe) for load and sustained release of curcumin (CCM), as an anticancer drug, with pH stimulus. The reasons for choosing this type of metal-organic framework (MOF) are its high surface area, acceptable stability in a water medium, and its biocompatible components (iron and terephthalic acid) with low toxicity to normal cells. The obtained results from UV-vis analysis confirmed that this MOF is a smart carrier with a higher release rate in acidic pH (pH 5), which is a condition similar to that in cancer cells, than that at pH 7.4 (in normal cells). Therefore, this MOF is a pH-stimulus-controlled release carrier with 56.3% drug loading content and sustained drug release over 22 days. In order to evaluate the cell viability after treatment with free CCM, MIL-101(Fe), and MIL-101(Fe)@CCM, the cytotoxicity investigation using MTT assays was performed against HeLa and HEK 293 cell lines up to 48 h. Obtained results showed that MIL-101(Fe)@CCM exhibited more cell growth inhibition effect on HeLa cells in comparison with HEK 293. One of the reasons for the high loading and sustained release of CCM was surface adsorption of this drug and its interactions with open metal sites in MIL-101(Fe). In the end, the kinetic models of drug release were evaluated, and the obtained results showed that in this case diffusion is the main driving force for the drug release process.
AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF CRUDE OIL TO 400°C AND 2,000 BARS PRESSURE IN THE PRESENCE OF GAS*

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study reports aqueous solubilities of crude oil distillation fractions over the carbon number range C 1 ‐ C 34 as a function of: temperature (100° to 400° C), pressure (100 to 2,000 bars), NaCl concentration, and gas in solution (N 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 ). Experimental parameters were designed so that conditions within a petroleum basin would be duplicated. Increases in temperature increased crude oil solubility, and the higher molecular weight species were affected more positively than lower molecular weight species. Increases in pressure or salinity decreased solubility. The presence of gas in solution increased the solubility of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (> C 24 ) over all temperatures, and increased the solubility of lower molecular weight hydrocarbons at high temperatures (> 180–260°C). Gas decreased the solubility of low molecular weight hydrocarbons at low temperatures. Hydrocarbon solute compositional changes were also examined as a function of the above parameters. At high temperatures, both increasing gas concentration and increasing temperature caused hydrocarbon solutes to become compositionally more similar and eventually identical to the original distillation fraction. The high molecular weight hydrocarbons and saturated hydrocarbons, especially the n‐paraffins, were taken into solution in progressively greater concentrations over the aromatic and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Thus, the strong preferential uptake of low molecular weight and aromatic hydrocarbons into solution at lower temperatures was reversed.
Selective breeding ofSteinernema feltiae(Filipjev) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) for improved efficacy in control of a mushroom fly,Lycoriella solaniWinnertz (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A method of selecting a Steinernema feltiae strain that is effective against a mushroom fly, Lycoriella solani, is described in detail. The pest control efficacy of the selected nematode strain was evaluated and compared with the efficacy of two unselected strains. The selection procedure was designed to give preference to nematode individuals with the greatest ability (1) to search effectively for the target insect larvae in their natural habitat, (2) to infect them shortly after application and (3) to reproduce in their haemocoel. Thirty‐four rounds of selection achieved a 4‐fold improvement in nematode ability to find and parasitize third‐ and fourth‐instar larvae of the pest in the mushroom substrate. In 24‐h laboratory experiments, mortality of the insect caused by nematode juveniles rose from 22.5%, recorded for the original unselected isolate, to 92.5% for the selected strain. In a 51‐day experiment conducted on a mixed age mushroom house population of L. solani, the enhanced pest control ability of the selected strain was detected shortly after nematode application and remained high throughout the experimental period. During the first 4 weeks of the trial the selected nematode strain was significantly better than both unselected strains and caused 91.1–92.7% reduction of the fly emergence from the mushroom substrate. No difference was observed between the efficacy of the selected nematodes applied at 1 × 106 and 3 ×106 infective juveniles per m2, while the unselected strains performed significantly better at the higher concentration. All the nematodes examined showed good persistence in the mushroom casing apparently due to recycling in the insect host.
Factors Associated With Complications and Reoperations in Distal Interphalangeal Joint Fusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This objective of this study was to identify risk factors for complications and reoperations after distal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of all patients who underwent isolated distal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis between 2006 and 2019 at an integrated health system consisting of 2 Level I trauma centers and 2 community teaching hospitals. Demographics, implant, and treatment characteristics were collected from the medical record. The primary outcome was complication, and the secondary outcome was reoperation. Bivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with our study outcomes. Results: A total of 209 fingers in 187 patients were included in this study. The radiographic union rate of our cohort was 96.7%. Forty patients (21.4%) had a postoperative complication, and 30 patients (16.0%) underwent reoperation. The use of a graft was significantly associated with decreased risk of reoperation, however, smoking, diabetes mellitus and type of implant were not associated with complication or reoperation. Conclusion: Although there are no specific risk factors associated with negative outcomes, the use of graft was associated with a decreased reoperation rate. Level of Evidence: III, Therapeutic
The genus Calodera Mannerheim in Canada (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The Holarctic genus <em>Calodera</em> Mannerheim, 1830 is reported from Canada for the first time. Two species are identified. One of them is apparently undescribed; the other, <em>C. parviceps</em> (Casey, 1893) is redescribed and illustrated. A key to the North American representatives of the genus is provided.</p>
Solving limiting reagent problems (the author replies)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTSolving limiting reagent problems (the author replies)A. H. Kalantar Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 5, 472Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1987Published inissue 1 May 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ed064p472.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (822 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Application of Interior Digital Display in 3D Effect Drawings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ever since the human beings created the first piece of work tool by consciousness, during the millions of years, the behavior of art design has always been in every step of the development course of human history.Along with the development of times and civilization, there are always new artistic expression methods to create art works more suitable for the development for the human society.The article starts from the historic origin of design expression, summarizes the development course of design, focuses on the key technologies for digital display by software, discusses on the key technologies of V-Ray and so on, and gets a conclusion.
Phylogenetic relationships between <i>L. garvieae</i> strains.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>The unrooted neighbor-joining tree (bootstrap 1000, Kimura 2-parameter model) was constructed from the 5713 bp concatenated DNA sequences of the seven loci (<i>als</i>, <i>atp</i>A, <i>tuf</i>, <i>gap</i>C, <i>gyr</i>B, <i>rpo</i>C and <i>gal</i>P) of <i>L. garvieae</i>. Open and closed squares correspond to subgroups S<sub>B</sub> and S<sub>A</sub>, respectively. Strain origin is indicated by color code: green = vegetables, brown = cereals, red = meat, yellow = dairy, blue = fish, pink = human, black = animal intestine, white = mastitic cow. Grey shadows represent CCs.</p>
Are all RAS mutations the same? Coexisting KRAS and NRAS mutations in a caecal adenocarcinoma and contiguous tubulovillous adenoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mutations of the human Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue ( KRAS ) and the highly homologous human neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homologue ( NRAS ) are associated with resistance to antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapies in patients with colorectal cancer. In this report, we describe a caecal adenocarcinoma that contains both KRAS c.35G>T (G12V) and NRAS c.34G>A (G12S) mutations. The adenocarcinoma arises from a contiguous high-grade tubulovillous adenoma, which also carries the identical KRAS and NRAS mutations, supporting their common origin. While KRAS mutations are common in colorectal cancers, NRAS mutations are relatively rare and the coexistence of multiple RAS mutations is not documented, presumably reflecting similar functions of wild-type and mutant forms of RAS. Recent experimental evidence has suggested that KRAS and NRAS may in fact mediate distinct biological processes in the colon, and this unusual case potentially illustrates the hypothesis clinically. Characterisation of the diverse and divergent functions of RAS family members and mutant forms of RAS in the colon form important considerations for the development of RAS-targeting therapeutics.
Possibility study of in-situ aeration on lorong halus dumping site

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Solid waste generation is a growing issue in Singapore due to the large increase in solid waste production. To manage the huge number of wastes generated on this island, Singapore has to depend on several landfills, one of which is known as Lorong Halus Dumping Ground (LHDG). LHDG was once the largest and sole waste disposal site in Singapore and was operated between the period of early 1970’s and late 1990’s. It was eventually closed in operation on the 31st of March 1999. Projects such as redeveloping the closed LHDG into commercial, industrial and residential areas have been proposed. However, studies have to be carried out to review and evaluate the potential environmental hazards associated with the natural occurring biological and physiochemical processes in the landfill site, before executing the proposed projects. \n \n \n \nTo have a better understanding on the emission behavior of the municipal solid waste (MSW) found in LHDG, three experiments had been carried out. They were mainly (1) Gas Production Index (GS21), (2) Respiration Index (RI4), and (3) Leaching test. GS21 was used to assess the reactivity of waste and check the degree of stabilization of LHDG. RI4 was being carried out to determine whether the biodegradation of waste prefers to take place under aerobic conditions. Leaching test was performed to find out whether the pollutants of concern that were found in the MSW would release into the environment. \n \n \n \nIn-situ aeration is found to be a promising technology and a mitigation measure to take against the landfill related hazards, where it is able to reduce the emissions of global warming greenhouse gases, optimize the conditions for microbial decomposition, accelerate stabilization and settlement, allowing for additional disposal of MSW or faster land use, decrease concentrations of leachate contaminants and most importantly assist in the development of LHDG. Hence, column study using two Landfill Simulation Reactors (LSRs) under anaerobic and aerobic conditions was performed. On the other hand, experimental results and data showed that in-situ aeration was not suitable to be incorporated in LHDG because of the high stability of waste. Therefore, the writer recommends to use landfill mining technology or advanced oxidation to deal with the waste at LHDG. To minimize the environmental hazards, advanced oxidation is a more suitable and recommended approach.
Machiavellianism and Bankers in Hong Kong

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Marketing has k e n widely and aggressively adopted by banks recently for growth and expansion purposes. Nevertheless, critics often attack marketing as being manipulative and unethical, or "Machia- vellian" in nature. I1 is gencraJly believed that a marketing orientation is counter lo banking. This article reporls the &dings of research investigat- ing the Machiavellian orientation of banking executives in Hong Kong and the relationship between Machiavellianism and job satisfaction and iob success in the banking sector. SigniF~cant differences were observed kcbeen banking executiv& and non%anking executives wilh regards to Machiavellian orientation and job satisfaction
On robust detection of brain stimuli with Ramanujan Periodicity Transforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) are the brain responses to repetitive visual stimuli. The ability to detect the underlying frequencies of VEPs is crucial to advancing Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs). This paper considers the detection of such frequencies using a Ramanujan Periodicity Transform based model. We analyze the performance of a generalized likelihood ratio detector and derive the exact distributions of the sufficient statistics under hypotheses corresponding to different stimulus frequencies using confluent hyper-geometric functions, along with flexible approximate distributions. Choosing stimulation periods with non-overlapping divisors is shown to enhance the detection performance. Our analysis provides guidelines for efficient design of stimulus waveforms for BCIs.
Science Driven Instrumentation for LCLS-II

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The world’s first x-ray free electron laser (XFEL), LCLS, has now been operating for more than three years and all six experimental stations are supporting user science and producing high impact scientific results. Other countries are rapidly catching up and a second XFEL, SACLA, is already operating in Japan with others coming on line in Germany, Korea and Switzerland within the next three to five years. In order to increase capability and capacity of LCLS, the Department of Energy has funded LCLS-II.