jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Strong-field ionization of argon: Electron momentum spectra and nondipole effects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the influence of relativistic nondipole effects on the photoelectron spectra of argon, particularly in the low-kinetic-energy region (0-1 eV). In our experiment, we use intense, linearly polarized 800-nm laser pulses to ionize Ar from a jet and we record photoelectron energy and momentum distributions using a reaction microscope. Our measurements show that nondipole effects can cause an energy-dependent asymmetry along the laser propagation direction in the photoelectron energy and momentum spectra. Model simulation based on the time-dependent Dirac equation can reproduce our measurement results. Moreover, the electron trajectory analysis based on the classical model reveals that the photoelectrons obtain a negative momentum shift in the laser propagation direction due to the interplay between the Lorentz-force-induced radiation pressure during its free propagation in the continuum and rescattering by the Coulomb potential of the parent ion when it is driven back by the laser field.
Pterostilbene Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes through Enhancing Antioxidant Signaling Pathways Mediated by Nrf2

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) remains a master regulator of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic role of pterostilbene (PTS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms. The ability of PTS to activate Nrf2 in MIN6 cells was assessed by dissociation of the Nrf2-Keap1 complex at different time points and by expression of ARE-driven downstream target genes of Nrf2. Immunoblot experiments examining Nrf2 activation and phosphorylation indicated that it conferred cytoprotection against STZ-induced cellular damage. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, PTS administration significantly decreased blood glucose levels through the improvement of insulin secretion. In addition, we also observed insulin-positive cells with recovered islet architecture in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic mice after treatment with PTS. The activation of Nrf2 and expression of its downstream target genes were observed upon PTS treatment, thereby reducing oxidative damage to pancreas. Furthermore, PTS treatment significantly reverted the abundance of key glucose metabolism enzymes, such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, to near-normal levels in liver tissue of STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results clearly indicate that PTS maintains glucose homeostasis, suggesting the possibility that it is a future candidate for use in diabetes management.
Analytical Evaluation of Chunk-Based Tractable Multi-cell OFDMA system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper evaluates thoroughly the performance of multi-cell OFDMA system. The two types of deployment in multi-cell OFDMA system, such as Strict Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) and Soft FFR (SFR) were evaluated. In order to model the base station locations, homogeneous Poisson point processes were used, i.e. tractable model instead of hexagonal grid was considered. In order to reduce complexity, chunk-based resource allocation scheme was embedded. Each cell divides the users into the users of the central cell area and the users of the cell edge area according to their average received Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) compared with FFR threshold. The primary stage of the analysis includes the spectral efficiency’s expression deriving from these two deployment scenarios, followed by the analysis with the use of coverage probability. However, the improvement of spectral efficiency is achieved in the case of SFR. On the contrary, coverage probability is far improved by using strict FFR scheme. Through numerical anaysis, We have shown that the optimal FFR threshold to achieve the highest spectral efficiency was 12 dB for both Strict FFR as well as SFR.
Probability Risk Assessment of Man-Machine System Based on Boundary Identification of Flight Performance Margin

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Statistics indicate that most of flight accidents are caused by human factors. In this paper, we deal with flight safety issues using the pilot-in-the-loop model. The work is composed of following aspects. Firstly, a new man-machine-environment model is built considering human factors based on a six Degree-of-Freedoms (DoFs) aircraft model. Secondly, the influence of uncertain human factors on flight safety is explored by selecting different probability distribution function of the human factors in order to study the quantitative impact of human factors. Different controlled experiments results show that the model is flexible in obtaining flight data in different settings of human factors that may be useful for improving flight safety. Furthermore, using the POT model, the quantitative risk of flight accident and the probability risk of man-machine system are studied. Numerical simulation results are given to illustrate the effective of the method proposed in this paper, which is expected to provide a new analytical method for flight safety.
The infrared spectrum of YI3 in the vapour phase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The vibrational spectrum of the vapour phase above YI3 was measured by infrared spectroscopy. The spectrum revealed four strong bands, three of which could be assigned to the fundamantal infrared active vibrations of the YI3 monomer molecule. The observed frequencies agree very well with quantum-chemical calculations reported in literature. The presence of dimer molecules, the fraction of which is significant in the vapour according to literature, is also discussed in the context of assigning the fourth strong band in the experimental spectrum. Although its position matches well with a strong fundamental of the dimer, its intensity suggest a dimer fraction that is far outside the range for the other rare-earth triiodides.
Ralstonia solanacearum Facing Spread-Determining Climatic Temperatures, Sustained Starvation, and Naturally Induced Resuscitation of Viable but Non-Culturable Cells in Environmental Water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial phytopathogen affecting staple crops, originally from tropical and subtropical areas, whose ability to survive in temperate environments is of concern under global warming. In this study, two R. solanacearum strains from either cold or warm habitats were stressed by simultaneous exposure to natural oligotrophy at low (4 °C), temperate (14 °C), or warm (24 °C) temperatures in environmental water. At 4 °C, the effect of temperature was higher than that of oligotrophy, since R. solanacearum went into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which proved to be dependent on water nutrient contents. Resuscitation was demonstrated in vitro and in planta. At 14 °C and 24 °C, the effect of oligotrophy was higher than that of temperature on R. solanacearum populations, displaying starvation-survival responses and morphological changes which were stronger at 24 °C. In tomato plants, starved, cold-induced VBNC, and/or resuscitated cells maintained virulence. The strains behaved similarly regardless of their cold or warm areas of origin. This work firstly describes the natural nutrient availability of environmental water favoring R. solanacearum survival, adaptations, and resuscitation in conditions that can be found in natural settings. These findings will contribute to anticipate the ability of R. solanacearum to spread, establish, and induce disease in new geographical and climatic areas.
Effect of Ethanol Leaf-Extract of Annona muricata on Serum Total Protein and Albumin Concentrations in Albino Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Annona muricata has been reported to treat several ailments such as headaches, insomnia, cystitis, liver problems, diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, dysentery, among others. The present study investigated the effect of ethanol leaf-extract of Annona muricata on serum total protein and albumin concentrations in albino rats using spectrophotometric methods. Twenty albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C andD) with five rats in each. Doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and600mg/kg body weight of the extract were administered to animals in groups B, C andD respectively via oral intubation twice daily for fourteen consecutive days while group A served as control and received no extract. Blood of the animals were collected on the 15 day following the last day of administration through heart puncture. There was no significant effect th (p > 0.05) on serum total protein and albumin concentrations except at the dose of 600mg/kg.
A longitudinal study of field emission in CEBAF's SRF cavities 1995-2015

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Field emission is one of the key issues in superconducting RF. When present, it limits operating gradient directly or via induced heat load at 2K. In order to minimize particulate contamination of and thus field emission in the CEBAF SRF cavities during assembly, a ceramic RF window was placed very close to the accelerating cavity proper. As an unintended consequence of this, it has been possible to monitor and model field emission in the CEBAF cavities since in-tunnel operation began. The ceramic is charged by field emission to a stable voltage and then discharges. This phenomenon had to be studied statistically to minimize the number of interruptions to accelerator operation for nuclear physics. We report here the results of our twenty year study of this and related phenomena.
DNA Barcodes for the Cariceae (Carex & Kobresia, Cyperaceae) of North America, North of Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Cariceae (Carex & Kobresia; Cyperaceae) account for ca. 10% of Canada's native vascular plants, yet diversity within the tribe is overlooked due to its taxonomically-difficult floral morphology. DNA barcoding is a useful tool for identifying animals and the technique is currently being adapted for use in plants. This thesis develops a reference barcode database for the Cariceae of North America, north of Mexico, using the chloroplast gene matK. A species resolution rate of 39% is reported, although when broken down into political regions, this can increase to 75%. Unknown tissue samples from across North America were then identified using this reference database; 50% of these were identified to a single species matching the morphological identification, and 50% were identified to a group of taxa containing the correct identification. An ecogeographical regional database for the Arctic Archipelago was also challenged with 230 unknown samples and identified 98% to a single species.
Surging Defense Intelligence Capabilities: Increasing Use of Reserve Component Intelligence Elements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : U.S. Defense Intelligence is changing. Volatility, identification of global threats, information technology advances, emphasis on theater intelligence, and reduced defense budgets are all fomenting change. As a consequence, Reserve Component Intelligence Elements (RCIE) are providing increasing support to defense intelligence organizations. This paper describes the enhanced role of RCIE in support of theater intelligence. Increased use of qualified RCIE and their relatively new access to state of the art DOD funded information technologies and facilities contribute to their effectiveness. Implementation of service owned Title 10 RC assets to support real intelligence requirements is unfortunately difficult. Likewise, the Army has not developed innovative force structure models for integrating RCIE. This study recommends that the Army use Title 10 authority flexibly, acknowledging the changing threat and the increasing need for intelligence at echelons above corps (EAC). It thereby proposes integration of RCIE with Army organizations in the theater to satisfy theater intelligence requirements and comply with joint doctrine.
Comparing HEp-2 cell line with rat liver in routine screening test for antinuclear and antinucleolar autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The comparative study of the human tumor cell line HEp-2 and rat liver for the detection of antinuclear and antinucleolar autoantibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence technic in routine screening test demonstrate that, taking titer and staining pattern into account, both substrates are able to separate autoimmune disease (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and primary biliary cirrhosis) patients from healthy subjects. The minimal screening test must include sera diluted 1:20 and 1:80. The capability of the HEp-2 substrate to reveal and to discriminate different speckled nuclear and nucleolar patterns explain its greater performance, notably in detecting anticentromere antibodies highly specific for the CREST syndrome and a speckled nuclear antibody frequently associated with primary biliary cirrhosis, allowing an earlier diagnosis of autoimmune diseases presenting these patterns.
STRATEGIES OF OIL AND GAS CORPORATIONS: ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

СТРАТЕГІЇ НАФТОГАЗОВИХ КОРПОРАЦІЙ: СУТНІСНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗОВАНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИЮр'єва П.Б.Стратегії нафтогазових корпорацій: сутнісні характеристики та особливості в умовах глобалізованої економіки.У статті актуалізуються проблеми корпоративного управління у частині формування та реалізації базової стратегії глобального типу нафтогазових корпорацій в аспекті посилення глобалізаційних трендів у світовій економіці, нестабільності та малої передбачуваності процесів, що відбуваються на світовому енергетичному ринку.Досліджено питання дефініції «глобальна стратегія» у галузі стратегічного менеджменту.Визначено характерні риси глобальної стратегії, які відрізняють її від інших типів базових стратегій корпорацій у міжнародній конкуренції
Retention factors in relation to organisational commitment in medical and information technology services

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Orientation: Retaining staff with scarce and critical skills in the medical and information technology (IT) industry has become a top priority because of skills shortages.Research purpose: The objectives of the study were to investigate empirically: (1) the relationship between employees’ satisfaction with organisational retention factors (measured by the Retention Factors Scale) and their organisational commitment (measured by the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire) and (2) whether gender, age, race and tenure groups differ significantly in terms of these variables.Motivation for the study: Medical and information technology professionals have specialised and hard to replace skills. They also have strong tendencies to leave their organisations and countries. Understanding the retention factors that will increase their organisational commitment may benefit the organisations who want to retain their valuable talent.Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from a purposive sample of 206 staff members who had scarce skills in a South African medical and information technology services company. Correlational and inferential statistics were computed to achieve the objectives.Main findings: The results showed that the participants’ satisfaction with retention factors has a significant relationship with their organisational commitment and that the biographical groups differ significantly in terms of the variables.Practical/managerial implications: The measured retention factors were all associated with human resource management practices that influence employees’ intentions to leave.Contribution/value-add: The results are important to managers who are interested in retaining staff who have scarce skills and provide valuable pointers for designing effective retention strategies.
The influence of diatom abundance on the egg production rate of Calanus helgolandicus in the English Channel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Weekly measurements of Calanus helgolandicus egg production rates and phytoplankton species identification and abundance have been carried out at a station in the English Channel for a period of 7 yr. These data have been analyzed to investigate the effects of the microplankton composition on egg production rates with special emphasis on groups where nutritional value is controversial, such as diatoms and the Prymnesiophyte, Phaeocystis pouchetii . Diatoms did not show any negative effect on the egg production rate. Phaeocystis pouchetii also showed no negative effects, whereas in contrast, a dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium aureolum , clearly showed a negative effect. We conclude that diatoms do not have a negative effect on egg production rates at the concentrations found in the field and for these natural species assemblages, and that when such an effect exists, as is the case with G. aureolum , the effect can be clearly identified.
Out of Balance: Do Analysts Issue Sell Recommendations to Manage their Recommendation Distributions?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Using the passage of Global Settlement as an exogenous shock, we show that disclosure requirements about analysts’ recommendation distributions incentivize analysts to manage their recommendation distributions to reduce concerns about perceived objectivity. Following the regulation, analysts frequently issue sell recommendations concurrently with buy recommendations, consistent with recommendation distribution management. Analysts’ propensity to provide concurrent sell recommendations increases as recommendation distributions deviate from historical benchmarks and when public scrutiny and visibility is high. Importantly, we find no evidence of such behavior prior to Global Settlement suggesting unintended consequences associated with the regulation. This behavior has important implications for investors: sell recommendations issued concurrently with buy recommendations provide a weaker investment signal, as they exhibit muted return reactions and are less likely to be supported by downward earnings forecast revisions. Overall, our results highlight the importance of analysts’ distributional incentives in influencing the quality of recommendations.
Core Strength Characteristics of Korean National Amateur Male Boxers: A Comparison with Anaerobic Power and Maximal Strength

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE We examined associations between core strength and anaerobic Power and maximal strength in Korean national amateur male boxers. METHODS Cross-sectional associations between core strength were examined in 92 Amateur elite Boxers (mean age: 22.2± 2.60 years). Anaerobic Power and Maximal Strength were obtained. Main outcome measures included Wingate anaerobic test and arm ergometer test and Isokinetic Knee strength and 1RM. RESULTS Isokinetic trunk flexion and extension were associated with Anaerobic power (upper and lower Average power and peak power). In addition, trunk strength of flexion and extension were significantly associated with of maximal strength (Knee extension and flexion and 1RM). CONCLUSIONS Isokinetic trunk strength revealed an association between Anaerobic Power and Maximal Strength. Future research addressing the contributions of the core strength could be conducted with the proper training program development in mind. Additionally, studies about the years of boxing training necessary to achieve an international competitive level and the common boxing-specific training used by Olympic-level boxers are needed.
EVALUATION ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND STEEL IN PC BRIDGE GIRDERS SEVERELY DAMAGED BY CHLORIDE INDUCED DETERIORATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

青森県日本海沿岸において著しい塩害を受け,架け替えを余儀なくされたPC道路橋に対し,目視および各種非破壊試験による現地調査,桁ブロック採取を行った後,コンクリートの圧縮強度,ヤング係数,中性化深さ,並びに塩化物イオン濃度分布を測定した.また,桁ブロックよりコンクリートをはつり,内部の鋼材を全て露出させることによりその腐食状況を観察した.さらに,PC鋼材の腐食による質量減少を測定した後に,引張試験を行い,腐食した鋼材の荷重-伸び関係を求めた.以上の結果より,本橋は極めて厳しい腐食性環境にあったことを明らかにするとともに,塩害による鋼材腐食と種々の要因との関係,さらには鋼材の機械的性質と腐食による質量減少との関係について解明した.
Study on karyotype of selected tea clones (Camellia sinensis) in Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to study karyotype of selected tea clones (Camellia sinensis) in Iran, squash technique was used. Root samples were pretreated with alpha-bromonaphthalene and then were fixed in Farmer solution. It was hydrolyzed by 1 normal of chloridric acid and stained byaceto-iron-haematoxylin. Total chromosome length, long and short arm length, ratio of long to short arm, and centromere index were measured and also numbers of chromosomes were counted. In all genotypes numbers of chromosomes were 2n=30. In table of correlation coefficients, ahigh positive correlation was observed between total length ofchromosome with length of long arm (r=0.987++), total length ofchromosome with length of short arm (r=0.973++), and length of long arm with short arm (r=0.925++), while there was a high negative correlation between the ratio of long to short arm with centromere index (r=-0.990++). Based on the analysis of main components, total length (TL), long arm length (LA), and short arm length (SA) contributed in creation of the first component, and the most contribution is attributed to long arm of chromosome with coefficient of 0.984. Also, in order to create the second component, parameters such aslong arm to short arm ratio (AR) and centromere index (CI) were involved from which centromere indexwith coefficient of 0.837 played the greatest role. The results showed that in terms of %TF statistics G1 and G7 respectively had the most symmetric and asymmetric karyotypes, and in terms of TL,DRL, TL, and L/S statisticsG2 and G7respectively had the most symmetric and asymmetric karyotypes.
Chapter 2 The Los Angeles Basin Oil in an Urban Setting

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

"The most distinctive characteristic of the Los Angeles basin"The most distinctive characteristic of the Los Angeles basin is its structural relief and complexity in relation to its age and size" (Yerkes et aI., 1965, p. AI6); however, its very complexity caused no small amount of discussion in designing and naming this volume of the AAPG World Petroleum Basin Memoirs. (See the Foreword for a discussion of the scope of these memoirs.) The series coordinators decided early that the Los Angeles basin should be included in the World Petroleum Basins project because of its interesting geology and importance as a hydrocarbon producer. Initially, the Los Angeles basin was considered for a convergent-margin volume, presumably in recognition of the late-stage shortening that has taken place in the Los Angeles region of southern California. There is little doubt, however, that the Los Angeles basin has formed and deformed within the evolving San Andreas transform system (Atwater, 1970, 1989; Campbell and Yerkes, 1976; Blake et al., 1978; Engebretson et al., 1985; Wright, this volume). There is also little doubt among those who have worked in the area that the initial subsidence of the Neogene Los Angeles basin was caused by extension (Yeats, 1968; Crowell, 1974, 1976, 1987; Wright, this volume). The series coordinators decided, therefore, that to portray the Los Angeles basin as a model for basins formed in convergent-margin settings would be misleading.The title of this volume, Active Margin Basins, is a compromise, but, like many compromises, this title falls short of completely describing its subject