jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrated Supply Chains of the Natural Disaster Relief Substances

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As is well known that the natural disasters are usually uncertainty and unavoidable, the effective transportation and distribution of the material for disaster mitigation can relieve the disaster and reduce the influence on the peoples' life. In this article, the author summaries the characters of natural disasters and the difficulties faced by disaster relief people in the supply chain of the disaster relief material, develops an integer programming model in which the materials are divided into two kinds, the common and the reusable, and gives the solution method. The research results indicate that the supply chain of disaster relief should be integrated both longitudinally and horizontally so as to realize the effective operation after the natural disaster coming into truth.
S2999 Flood Syndrome: A Herniating Complication of Liver Cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Flood syndrome is a rare complication of patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis characterized by coinciding ventral hernia with spontaneous umbilical hernia rupture and extrusion of ascitic fluid through the defect. We present a unique case of Flood syndrome in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis and umbilical hernia. Case Description/Methods: A 51-year-old Caucasian male with a past medical history of an alcohol use disorder, end-stage cirrhosis [Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 27], portal hypertensive gastropathy, and esophageal varices was presented to the hospital after noticing gushing of an around a liter of fluid through his umbilicus. Physical exam was significant for the stigmata of liver disease with visible scleral icterus, jaundiced skin, spider angiomata, and distended abdomen. Also evident was a compressible umbilical hernia (4 cm x 2 cm) with draining straw-colored serous fluid (Figure). The patient was placed on fluid restriction, and a drainage bag was placed over the draining umbilicus. A total of 4 liters of fluid was drained from his umbilicus for the first two days of admission, which decreased to 1 liter daily by day four of his hospitalization. Fluid analysis of the ascitic fluid did not show any evidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Due to the high MELD score, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting procedure (TIPS) was initially not recommended. After a multidisciplinary discussion, an orthotopic liver transplant evaluation was planned while focusing on stabilizing renal function and decompensated liver failure in the hospital. Discussion: An increase in intraabdominal pressure from worsening ascites leads to the hernia rupture and ultimate leakage of peritoneal fluid through the weakened abdominal wall at the site of the herniation. Patients with end-stage liver disease and long-standing ascites are susceptible to the rare and potentially life-threatening flooding syndrome. Treatment for flood syndrome is complex and multifactorial. Due to its rarity, there is no consensus on therapeutic guidelines. However, an impending rupture can be predicted by skin color changes, excoriation, ulcers, or necrosis over the umbilical hernia, which often requires aggressive intervention. Physicians may attempt TIPS, elective herniorrhaphy, portal venous decompression, and peritoneovenous shunts as an alternative to failed conservative methods with diuretics and regular paracentesis.Figure 1.: A large umbilical hernia (4 cm x 2 cm) with overlying erythema and excoriation draining ascitic fluid.
Classification of Hepatitis A Virus as Enterovirus Type 72 and of Hepatitis B Virus as Hepadnavirus Type 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Articles| July 24 2008 Classification of Hepatitis A Virus as Enterovirus Type 72 and of Hepatitis B Virus as Hepadnavirus Type 1 Subject Area: Further Areas Joseph L. Melnick Joseph L. Melnick World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Intervirology (1982) 18 (3): 105–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000149313 Article history Published Online: July 24 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Joseph L. Melnick; Classification of Hepatitis A Virus as Enterovirus Type 72 and of Hepatitis B Virus as Hepadnavirus Type 1. Intervirology 1 March 1982; 18 (3): 105–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000149313 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsIntervirology Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1982Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Abstract 3930: Targeted cancer gene sequencing identifies potential causative novel candidate mutations among Caucasian colon carcinogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Much of the sporadic colorectal cancer's (CRC) underlying genetic ‘cancer driver’ mutations are unknown in patients from specific ethnic groups. Here, we report the identification of distinct novel variants from adenoma and CRC patients in mismatch repair (MMR) genes MHS3 and MSH6, and in PIK3CA and APC. We developed a panel of 20 frequently altered colon cancer genes comprised of ACVR2A, APC, ARID1A, BRAF, FAM123B, FBXW7, KRAS, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, NRAS, PIK3CA, POLE, PTEN, SMAD2, SMAD4, SOX9, TCF7L2, TGFBR2, and TP53 for targeted sequencing in 65 colon tissues, comprised of 1 normal tissue sample, 2 adenomas, and 63 tumors. Multiplex PCR and Ion Torrent sequencing was used to examine 98.8% of the targeted exons and splice junctions at a depth of sequencing that allowed for high confidence variant calling (most bases were covered by ≥ 500 reads). After alignment and variant calling, we annotated the variants with information from the 1000 Genomes Project, COSMIC, Polyphen2, and PFAM domain and transcription factor motifs. Excluding synonymous SNVs, 3 variants in adenoma, and 692 variants in tumors were detected. Two were known pathogenic variants (MSH6 p.R965H and APC p.R1432X). Novel variants (286, 244, and 115) were found in MMR genes (MSH6 and MSH3), APC, and PIK3CA, respectively. Most of the MMR (n = 98), APC (n = 128), and PIK3CA (n = 43) variants are deleterious. Notably, among the 63 CRC cases, [(29/61 = 46%) 46%) for MSH3, MSH6] [(19/63 = 30%) (30%) for PIK3CA] [31/63 = 49%) (49%) for APC)] carried likely deleterious MMR, PIK3CA and APC mutations, respectively, suggesting the value of a broad cancer gene panel. These finding further highlight the relevance of APC, PIK3CA genes in CRC onset but also the potential underestimation of the MSI-H in sporadic CRC as many of the novel mutations in MMR gens detected here were of a deleterious nature. Citation Format: Hassan Ashktorab, Michael Nickerson, Sudhir Varma, Pooneh Mokarram, fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini, Lee Moore, Joseph Boland, Sara Bass, Meredith Yeager, Wen-Yi Haung, Hassan Brim. Targeted cancer gene sequencing identifies potential causative novel candidate mutations among Caucasian colon carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3930. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3930
The role of environmental variability in determining physiological responses in ecologically important bivalve species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Climate change is causing alterations to marine ecosystems with ocean acidification (OA) and warming widely considered to be some of the most pervasive anthropogenic threats to global marine biodiversity. To date the majority of climate change studies using intertidal organisms neglect the inherent natural variability experienced within coastal ecosystems and the substantial periods of emersion encountered over daily tidal cycles, thus limiting our ability to extrapolate responses of coastal organisms to near-future conditions. This project investigates how a variable intertidal environment can influence acid-base responses to future climatic conditions in the ecologically and economically important bivalve species Mytilus edulis and Perumytilus purpuratus. Fieldwork is used to provide novel and much needed data on the natural environmental conditions experienced by two populations of M. edulis and one population of P. purpuratus along with the acid-base response over 12-hour tidal cycles. This data then helps to parameterise experimental work investigating the influence of size (37 – 50 mm and 60 – 79 mm shell length), temperature (7 °C, 13 °C, 20 °C, 28 °C) and low pH exposure (pH 7.7) as drivers of acid-base change during environmentally realistic (6 hour) immersion and emersion periods. I then investigate the potential for populations inhabiting upwelling regions to have an altered acid-base response to short-term exposures to elevated pCO2 levels. Finally, I investigate if a variable pH/ pCO2 regime will incur greater physiological costs than a stable pH/ pCO2 regime over 14 days. My results add to further evidence suggesting mussels have a limited ability to regulate acid-base disturbances during both short- and medium- term exposures to elevated seawater pCO2. In addition, populations inhabiting upwelling regions showed no significant difference in acid-base response suggesting a low adaptation potential in acid-base regulatory abilities. Furthermore, my results clearly demonstrate for the first time that size (shell length) and temperature are the predominant drivers of acid-base change during emersion and pH/ pCO2 during immersion. Elevations in temperature had an increasing influence on acid-base balance, with size playing a crucial role in moderating these disturbances at increasingly higher temperatures. Perhaps most interesting, this project found a clear energetic cost of pH/ pCO2 variability over 14 days, suggesting the use of stable pH values currently used in OA studies may not reliably inform predictions of future organism responses. With seawater pH/ pCO2 variability expected to increase and intensify in addition to warming, sea level rise and other climatic changes, this work highlights the need to use environmentally realistic scenarios that reflect natural variability in order to predict future outcomes for marine biota.
Can a sinking metallic diapir generate a dynamo?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Metallic diapirs may have strongly contributed to core formations during the first million years of planetary evolutions. The aim of this study is to determine whether the dynamics induced by the diapir sinking can drive a dynamo and to characterize the required conditions on the size of the diapir, the mantle viscosity and the planetary latitude at which the diapir sinks. We impose a classical Hadamard flow solution for the motion at the interface between a spherical sinking diapir and a viscous mantle on dynamical simulations that account for rotational and inertial effects in order to model the flow within the diapir. The flows are confined to a velocity layer with a thickness that decreases with increasing rotation rate. These 3D flows are is then used as input for kinematic dynamo simulations to determine the critical magnetic Reynolds number for dynamo onset. Our results demonstrate that the flow pattern inside a diapir sinking into a rotating planet can generate a magnetic field. Large diapirs ( R > 10 km) sinking in a mantle with a viscosity ranging from 10 9 to 10 14 Pa.s provide plausible conditions for a dynamo. Equatorial sinking diapirs are confined to a thicker velocity layer and are thus possibly more favorable for dynamo generation than polar sinking diapirs. In addition equatorial sinking diapirs produce stronger saturated magnetic fields. However, for the range of parameters studied here, estimation of the intensity of diapir‐driven magnetic fields suggests that they could not have contributed to the lunar or Martian crustal paleomagnetic fields.
Measuring Oppression Experienced by Service Users While They are Receiving Services from Human Service Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study uses a sequential mixed-method design to test a measure of service user oppression in human service organization. A five-factor measurement model of service user oppression is tested using confirmatory factor analysis of cross-sectional survey data (n = 374), followed by qualitative focus groups to provide context. All five factors of the Service User Oppression Scale were confirmed indicating that 84.5% of service users had experienced oppression. The research provides a valid and reliable tool to assess service user experiences of oppression.
Probiotics for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Worldwide, it is estimated that 13.5% of school-age children are affected by recurrent abdominal pain (RAP).1 Although considered a relatively benign condition, RAP results in substantial morbidity, as well as concern for parents, and paediatricians. Pathophysiology, accurate diagnosis and optimal management remain unclear. Unsurprisingly, dietary approaches to RAP have been around since Apley's original report of the condition in the 1950s. The good news is a recent systematic review and meta-analysis has identified at least one dietary intervention that appears beneficial, namely probiotics.2 A total of seven randomised controlled trials compared probiotics to placebo, and the overall quality of these trials was considered moderate. Improvement in pain at 3 months post-intervention was significant, odds ratio (OR) = 1.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07, 2.47); number needed to treat (NNT) to benefit (NNTB) = 8. Benefit was sustained at 3–6 months post-intervention, OR = 1.94 (95% CI 1.10, 3.43); NNT = 7. In those children categorised as having irritable bowel syndrome, the OR was 3.01 (95% CI 1.77, 5.13); NNTB = 4. Although the dose and type of probiotic varied widely, as did the measures of pain used in these studies, the results are encouraging, and probiotics are unlikely to cause any adverse effects.
The development of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) following augmentation mammoplasty.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe 3 patients developing systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) following breast augmentation with paraffin injections, and saline and silicone gel filled implants. Although previously considered inert, silicone appears capable of inducing human adjuvant disease including scleroderma in the susceptible individual. The occurrence of systemic sclerosis following the use of silicone implants however, appears to be uncommon.
Long term outcome and EuroSCORE II validation in native valve surgery for active infective endocarditis in a South African cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To evaluate the major risk factors for adverse short and long term outcomes in patients with active native valve infective endocarditis needing cardiac surgery and to validate the EuroSCORE II in our cohort of patients. Methods: We retrospectively studied 149 patients who underwent native valve surgery for infective endocarditis in June 2000 - May 2011 at our referral centre. Ninety-six patients met the inclusion criteria for the study: 29 aortic valve replacements (AVR), 27 mitral valve replacements (MVR), 28 aortic/mitral (double) valve replacements (DVR) and 12 mitral valve repairs (MV Repair). Results: Mechanical valves were implanted in 68 patients (70.8%), bioprosthetic valves in 16 (16.7%) and mitral annuloplasty rings in 12 (12.5%). The Cox proportional hazard model showed that the most important risk factors for early 30-day mortality were: critical preoperative state, emergency surgery, EuroSCORE II >12%, low cardiac output state (LCOS), HIV positive status, preoperative embolic episodes, vegetation size >1cm and postoperative ventilation >24 hours. The EuroSCORE II underestimated early mortality for the entire cohort. The discriminatory ability was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve of 0.796. The discriminatory ability in the subgroup analysis showed that the AUROC curve was poorer for MVR (0.696), 0.837 for DVR and better for AVR group (0.92). Conclusions: The EuroSCORE II underestimated mortality in the highest risk groups and overestimated mortality in the lowest risk groups. The discriminatory ability and model fit were evaluated to be good and a EuroSCORE II >12% predicted a signifi cantly higher early and medium term mortality.
A Case of Weaver Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Weaver syndrome is a very rare overgrowth syndrome with accelerated skeletal maturation, unusual facies and clinodactyly. We experienced an extremely rare case of Weaver syndrome in Korea. The clinical manifestations were macrocephaly, unusal facies, simian crease, clinodactyly, decreased muscle tone, accelerated bone age and congenital heart diseases. We report this with a brief review of related literature.
The long-term impact of short-term missions on the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of young adults

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the impact that a number of variables within the short-term mission experience had on the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of Anabaptist young adult mission participants in 24 concepts related to their relationship with God, the Church and world around them. Study participants were drawn from five different Anabaptist denominationally connected short-term mission programs ranging in length from one month to one year. \nThis study used a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, follow-up design with non-equivalent groups as well as a non-randomized control group. The 116 study participants filled out a quantitative questionnaire prior to their short-term mission experience, after they returned from their mission experience and again one year after they returned. This longitudinal aspect of the research design measured the relative impact of variables within the short-term mission experience on participants over time. Methodological triangulation was employed that allowed for a variety of quantitative and qualitative tools to be used in better understanding the comparative impact of the short-term mission experience. The questionnaire, short essay response and interviews all incorporated concepts related to the international and cross-cultural impact of the short-term mission experience that have not been systematically analysed in this kind of study before. \nResponse rates remained very high throughout the three stages of data collection and produced a number of significant findings. These findings included the positive impact during the mission experience of: an extensive pre-trip training experience, longer assignments, cross-cultural assignment location, relationally focused assignments, supportive families and churches, and correlation between repeat assignments and strong interest in future full-time mission work. \nWhile the positive impact of the short-term mission experience was significant, the post-trip regression in participants' beliefs, attitudes and behaviours one year after returning from the mission experience was also significant. This regression indicates that inadequate attention is being paid to participant re-entry, debrief and follow-up. Short-term mission agencies, participants and local churches need to view the discipleship impact of the short-term mission experience as ongoing. It is counter-intuitive to invest discipleship resources on returning short-term mission participants; however, the data indicates that is where the most significant discipleship challenges are found.
On-Line Secure-Economy Preventive Control of Power Systems by Pattern Recognition

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A fast transient stability assessment method and a preventive control strategy, considering both security and economy of power systems, are presented. The pattern recognition approach with two dimensional feature space is used to assess transient security. If a power system is said to be in an alert state, then quick and appropriate control actions are required. A transient security constrained economic load dispatch(ELD) which is able to shift generator outputs so that system security can be maintained, is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is ascertained through numerical examples for model power systems.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride as a Two-Dimensional Surfactant: Low-Density Flame-Resistant Composites Based on Boron Nitride Exfoliated by an Interface Trapping Technique

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a two-dimensional material isoelectric to graphene. It has a hexagonal structure with alternating boron and nitrogen atoms and is electrically insulating, thermally conductive, and chemically inert. However, like graphene, its use as a functional nanofiller requires exfoliation. Here, we present a method for exfoliating and dispersing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) sheets within a polymer matrix. This is achieved by a solvent interface trapping method (SITM), where hBN exfoliates and spreads at a high-energy oil/water interface, separating the two phases and lowering the system's free energy. hBN thus acts as a surfactant, allowing us to form stable water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by films of overlapping hBN sheets. Polymerizing the continuous oil phase results in polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPE), with the foam cells lined with hBN. In the investigation presented here, we use acoustic spectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy, and image analysis to study the emulsion and polyHIPE formation mechanisms. We find that the amount of hBN used, the flake size of the hBN, the mixing time, the type of initiator used, and the oil-to-water ratio all play a role in the morphology of the final polyHIPE. Lastly, we demonstrate the flame-retardant properties of the hBN polyHIPEs and show that, at 1% loadings, the presence of hBN prevents dripping and relighting of the composites, even when the material is heated to a red glow.