jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Presence of the fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida in fish farm sediments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The persistence of the fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida in fish farm sediments was studied by use of fluorescent-antibody techniques. The specificities of the monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal rabbit serum used in the study were tested against a number of Vibrio strains, including 4 isolates from intestinal tracts of healthy fish and 98 isolates from sediments. V. salmonicida was detected in sediment samples from diseased farms several months after an outbreak of the disease. The bacterium was also detected in a sediment sample from a disease-free fish farm. No V. salmonicida could be detected in sediments not influenced by fish farming. The number of positive samples was generally higher with application of rabbit serum as opposed to use of monoclonal antibodies, indicating that the rabbit serum may cross-react with other bacteria.
Applications of Biocomposites in Reduction of Environmental Problems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biocomposites materials are known for their eco-friendliness and sustainability as against petrochemical materials. Their biodegradability and absence of volatile organic chemicals during curing make them highly sought after. In this chapter, detailed applications of biocomposites in the reduction of environmental problems are discussed, the concept, the classification of environmental pollutants, taking into consideration the techniques of environmental remediation and how biocomposites are used in treating pollutants.
Multisoliton solutions of the two-component Camassa–Holm equation and its reductions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Bäcklund transformation for an integrable two-component Camassa–Holm ( $$2$$ CH) equation is presented and studied. It involves both dependent and independent variables. A nonlinear superposition formula is given for constructing multisoliton, multiloop, and multikink solutions of the $$2$$ CH equation. We also present solutions of the Camassa–Holm equation, the two-component Hunter–Saxton ( $$2$$ HS) equation, and the Hunter–Saxton equation, which all arise from solutions of the $$2$$ CH equation. By appropriate limit procedures, a solution of the $$2$$ HS equation is successfully obtained from that of the $$2$$ CH equation, which is worked out with the method of Bäcklund transformations. By analyzing the solution, we obtain the soliton and loop solutions for $$2$$ HS equation.
Evolution of HLA class II through diversification in protein stability levels (P5009)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Allelic diversity in human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been explained by balancing selection acting on polymorphic residues in the peptide binding groove of HLA that diversify binding spectrum for pathogenic epitopes. Here we show that HLA class II (HLA-DQ) allele products are extremely diverse in protein stability levels. We have profiled the relative stability of DQ proteins by a cell-based assay that measures cell surface MHC protein density (surface density index; SDI). The SDI varies over 100-fold among DQ allele products, indicating large stability differences. Through mutagenesis, we identified polymorphic residues that regulate the intrinsic stability of DQ protein, which includes variations on the exterior of the peptide-binding groove that mediate interdomain hydrogen bonds. One of the major stability regulator in DQA1 achieves high ratio of synonymous to non-sysnonymous substitutions per site (ds/dn), suggesting that variations at this site have been maintained through balancing selection. DQ genes of non-human primates and mammals also maintain these variatns. These data suggest that HLA and MHC have been evolving through diversifications in protein stability levels. Our study provides new functional insights into the mechanism of HLA evolution.
6 Animal performance in grass monoculture or silvopasture systems using tree legumes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Silvopasture systems (SPS) area management option to enhance delivery of ecosystem services and diversification of income. This study evaluated productive responses of signalgrass (UrochloadecumbensStapf.) in monoculture or in SPS in the sub-humid tropical region of Brazil during six months of the rainy season. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments were signalgrass + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (SPS-Mimosa); signalgrass + Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) (SPS-Gliricidia); and signalgrass monoculture. Cattle were managed under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. Response variables included herbage mass (HM), herbage accumulation (HA), stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), and gain per area (GPA). Herbage mass (HM) was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) on signal grass monoculture (2045 kg DM/ha) than in SPS (1370 kg DM/ha, average for both SPS). Herbage accumulation rate was similar for signalgrass in monoculture and SPS-Gliricidia (avg. 61 kg DM ha-1 d-1), and both were greater than SPS-Mimosa (37 kg DM ha-1 d-1). Average daily gain was greater(P &lt; 0.0001) for SPS-Gliricidia (1.1 kg head-1 d-1), followed by signalgrass in monoculture (0.9 kg head-1 d-1), and SPS-Mimosa (0.3 kg head-1 d-1). Stocking rate ranged from 0.6 animal units (1AU = 450-kg animal) per ha in April to 2.2 AUha-1 in June. Stocking rate and animal performance per area were similar for signalgrass in monoculture and SPS-Gliricidia, and both greater than SPS-Mimosa. Gliricidia enhanced animal performance and provided ecosystem services. Mimosa, however, reduced animal performance likely due to the competition with signalgrass. Mimosa trees, however, are an important source of income (timber used for fence posts) and that might overcome the losses in animal performance.
[Phenylketonuria: illness experience and coping mechanisms].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

If patients with PKU follow a strict diet low in phenylalanine from soon after birth their intellectual and psychomotor development will be within the normal range. Recent studies have shown that it is necessary to continue the burdensome diet throughout one's life. This is in contrast to past practice and puts additional emphasis on psychosocial aspects of PKU. In the present retrospective study we investigated how adolescent patients and their relatives' experience and cope with this chronic disease.
Interface formation between hydrogen terminated Si(111) and amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the last few years heterostructures consisting of a-C:H on top of crystalline silicon have revealed a number of interesting properties for electronic applications, for example, as a photodiode (see Ref. 1) or, very recently, as cold cathode electron emitter (see Ref. 2). For those applications the interface properties of the heterostructure play a key role. In this article the electronic and chemical nature of the interface between plasma deposited a-C:H in the form of diamondlike carbon (DLC) and hydrogen terminated silicon (111) was determined by in situ core level and valence band photoemission spectroscopy. The quantitative analysis of core level shifts and intensities indicate that both, an interface layer of mixed composition and a pure a-C:H layer, grow simultaneously with relative growth rates of 2:1 during the initial stages of the interface formation. The interface layer is first carbon rich and then approaches stoichiometric composition which is reached at an interface thickness of 18 Å. Then a reactive SiC interface is completed and acts as a diffusion barrier which prevents further extension of the interface region when the deposition of a-C:H proceeds. Aside from an acceptor passivation of the Si substrate, due to H atoms from the plasma, no overlayer induced band bending is measured. The valence band offset between Si and DLC is determined as 0.7±0.1 eV with the valence band edge of DLC below that of silicon.
Constitutional rights norms in the European Union legal framework: An analysis of European Union citizenship as a constitutional right

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) continues to be subjected to a level of scrutiny that differs significantly from that received by domestic courts of constitutional relevance and status. This intense scrutiny is rooted in the wide range of cultural and legal understandings of the role of courts within specific legal systems and has resulted in the CJEU being labelled an activist court with a political agenda. This thesis contributes to legal scholarship and in part, political science, adding to the discourse surrounding the CJEU and its reasoning, by suggesting that a norm theoretical approach informs the Court’s jurisprudence and advances its role as the constitutional court of the European Union (EU). The CJEU, as a de facto constitutional court within the EU constitutional order, applies and interprets the norms of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. These norms demonstrate the characteristics of constitutional rights norms, as discussed by Robert Alexy’s Theory of Constitutional Rights Norms. It is argued that understanding norms in this way enables a clear distinction between rules and principles as norm categories to be drawn. The thesis offers a structural analysis of the EU constitutional framework, highlighting specific norm characteristics as influential in the process of constitutionalisation. Treaty norms governing EU citizenship are analysed in this thesis from the perspective of constitutional rights norms, which enables these norms to be seen as open-textured, requiring rights and interests to be balanced where they conflict with other provisions. The radiating effect of these provisions gives constitutional relevance to secondary legislation, which is of particularly relevance in the context of EU law. The thesis makes the case for looking at EU citizenship, in its norm structure, as a constitutional principle, which requires the CJEU to apply and interpret the provision in specific ways that may then be construed as judicial activism. The thesis informs and enhances the highly relevant and topical discussion of EU citizen rights through a norm structural analysis of the Treaty provisions enshrining EU citizenship within the EU legal framework. The thesis suggests that such an evaluation enables a more objective consideration of EU citizenship as a constitutional right extending beyond subjective rights. Finally, it is argued in this thesis that understanding norm categories and their relevance within the EU constitutional framework enables the development` of a structured understanding of the Court’s jurisprudence based on legal theory.
Restorative justice and nodal governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To date, a key emphasis within the restorative justice movement has been on the ways in which its values can guide the system of “criminal justice”. In this paper we argue that this focus has limited our ability to recognize various ways in which such values are being promoted within forms of governance originating outside of state justice systems. Through an examination of one localized governance model in South Africa, we seek to demonstrate that restorative values are being promoted through distinct goals and mechanisms developed to suit micropolitical, cultural, and economic realities. We suggest that the need to discover, explain, and assess such mechanisms is important to the advancement of the security governance literature, especially in a manner that is both intellectually and practically relevant to societies with deficits in state governance. Our empirical focus is on Peace Committees in South African communities that are operating, to use Braithwaite's terms, as forms of “responsive nodal governance”. Our depiction of these Committees raises both explanatory and normative questions that warrant further empirical study.
Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in Inclusive Settings: A study of Teachers’ Self‐Efficacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) are taught by general education teachers who may not respond positively to the inclusion of these students in their classrooms. Teachers’ self‐efficacy is an important construct which is related to teachers’ teaching and their willingness to include students with disabilities into their classrooms. The purpose of this study is to examine teachers’ self‐efficacy toward teaching students with SLD. In the scope of the study, quantitative data were collected through a scale and an observation form from 200 general education teachers working in public elementary schools in a province of Turkey. Results indicated that the teachers who had students with SLD in their classroom felt more efficacious in teaching students with SLD. In addition, teachers reported that students with SLD had significantly lower problems in motor skills and significantly higher problems in math; attention and memory; and writing skills. Implications are discussed within the Turkish context.
The Tissue Factor Region That Interacts with Substrates Factor IX and Factor X

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The enzymatic activity of coagulation factor VIIa is controlled by its cellular cofactor tissue factor (TF). TF binds factor VIIa with high affinity and, in addition, participates in substrate interaction through its C-terminal fibronectin type III domain. We analyzed surface-exposed residues in the C-terminal TF domain to more fully determine the area on TF important for substrate activation. Soluble TF (sTF) mutants were expressed in E. coli, and their ability to support factor VIIa-dependent substrate activation was measured in the presence of phospholipid vesicles or SW-13 cell membranes. The results showed that factor IX and factor X interacted with the same TF region located proximal to the putative phospholipid surface. According to the degree of activity loss of the sTF mutants, this TF region can be divided into a main region (residues Tyr157, Lys159, Ser163, Gly164, Lys165, Lys166, Tyr185) forming a solvent-exposed patch of 488 A(2) and an extended region which comprises an additional 7-8 residues, including the distally positioned Asn199, Arg200, and Asp204. Some of the identified TF residues, such as Trp158 and those within the loop Lys159-Lys165, are near the factor VIIa gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain, suggesting that the factor VIIa Gla-domain may also participate in substrate interaction. Moreover, the surface identified as important for substrate interaction carries a net positive charge, suggesting that charge interactions may significantly contribute to TF-substrate binding. The calculated surface-exposed area of this substrate interaction region is about 1100 A(2), which is approximately half the size of the TF area that is in contact with factor VIIa. Therefore, a substantial portion of the TF surface (3000 A(2)) is engaged in protein-protein interactions during substrate catalysis.
How Can Development Banks Boost Firms’ Productivity?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Contributes to literature on firms' performance and public policy by trying to understand to what extent government interventions affect a firms' productivity by analyzing evidence of credit constraints in developing countries using a sample of those countries including Brazil. The Brazilian government provides long-term loans through the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) to improve economic competitiveness as well as to invest in research and development, infrastructure, export support, and regional and urban development. Granted firms do perform better than nongranted firms; however, it is not clear whether this improvement in productivity results from the loans. It could be due to the acquisition of capital goods related to loans captured all productivity gains; or the decision on selecting projects does not focus on economic issues as a criterion. Regardless, further investigation needs to address whether these loans can eventually impact firms' productivity, especially by using total factor productivity instead of labor productivity.
[Clinical studies on chemo-immunotherapy for advanced and recurrent carcinoma of the breast].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effectiveness of combination chemo-immunotherapy with ADM, CPA, FT-207 plus OK-432 for advanced and/or recurrent carcinoma of the breast was investigated in a prospective randomized and controlled study. Fifty-seven patients from 10 major hospitals in the Tohoku area were grouped into the following protocols: protocol I (ADM 40-60 mg/body on the first day, CPA 150mg p.o./body/from the 5th to the 9th day, FT-207 600mg p.o./body/from the 10th to the 30th day, OK-432 total dose 30KE and over) and protocol II(ADM, CPA, FT-207). These protocols were performed repeatedly two or more times. Forty-five cases from the total of 57 were available for this randomized study. Twenty-three of these cases were treated with protocol I (OK-432 group), while the remaining 22 were treated with protocol II (non-OK-432 group). The OK-432 group and the non-OK-432 group were compared for prognostic factors, and no difference could be observed between the two groups. Seven cases from each group were interpreted as effective clinically by Koyama-Saito's criteria of PR or better. Eight cases from the OK-432 group and 4 from the non-OK-432 group were interpreted as effective by Karnofsky's criteria of I-A and better, but no statistical difference was recognized between the two groups. The survival curve obtained by the Cox-Mantel test for the OK-432 group was better than that for the non-OK-432 group (U = 1.943, p less than 0.1).
Building National Capabilities for Business Events

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this chapter is to review the state of the art in national government development activities for the business events sector (or MICE – Meetings, Incentive travel, Conventions, and Exhibitions sector as some parts of the world refer to them). The work is significant because national governments value the MICE sector highly, but not all governments have resources or allocate priorities to build capabilities. For cities, regions or countries attempting to compete with well-established business events destinations, the challenge is enormous, and innovative approaches are required to build competitive advantage. A case study of the Thailand Convention & Exhibition Bureau (TCEB) is presented to highlight the multifaceted nature of MICE development goals.
SUAVE: An Exemplar for Self-Adaptive Underwater Vehicles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Once deployed in the real world, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are out of reach for human supervision yet need to take decisions to adapt to unstable and unpredictable environments. To facilitate research on self-adaptive AUVs, this paper presents SUAVE, an exemplar for two-layered system-level adaptation of AUVs, which clearly separates the application and self-adaptation concerns. The exemplar focuses on a mission for underwater pipeline inspection by a single AUV, implemented as a ROS 2-based system. This mission must be completed while simultaneously accounting for uncertainties such as thruster failures and unfavorable environmental conditions. The paper discusses how SUAVE can be used with different self-adaptation frameworks, illustrated by an experiment using the Metacontrol framework to compare AUV behavior with and without self-adaptation. The experiment shows that the use of Metacontrol to adapt the AUV during its mission improves its performance when measured by the overall time taken to complete the mission or the length of the inspected pipeline. </p>
I Saw No Shadow of Another Parting From Her e.p.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This e.p. of experimental techno/electronica uses very early voice recordings that I recently came across at FirstSounds.org

Tracks one and two use voice recordings made by Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville in 1860 - track one samples a section of a voice test and turns Scott's voice into a spectral choir. Track two uses a re-processed recording of Scott singing the French folksong 'Au Clair de la Lune'.

When Scott's recordings were made in 1860 there was no way of reproducing them as sound and it is only recently that FirstSounds.org made these recordings available in audible form using virtual stylus technology.
www.firstsounds.org/sounds/scott.php

Track three includes loops of 3 experimental voice recordings from the Volta Laboratory (1880-85) www.firstsounds.org/sounds/volta/
The track titles and e.p. name are from a novel published in 1860.

Many thanks to FirstSounds.org for their work and for making these recordings available under a Creative Commons license.
Anti-angiogenic efficacy of 5′-triphosphate siRNA combining VEGF silencing and RIG-I activation in NSCLCs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting angiogenic factors and further inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, is one of the potent antitumor candidates for lung cancer treatment. However, this strategy must be combined with other therapeutics like chemotherapy. In this study, we designed a 5'-triphosphate siRNA targeting VEGF (ppp-VEGF), and showed that ppp-VEGF exerted three distinct antitumor effects: i) inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by silencing VEGF, ii) induction of innate immune responses by activating RIG-I signaling pathway, and thus activate antitumor immunity, iii) induction of apoptosis. In a subcutaneous model of murine lung cancer, ppp-VEGF displayed a potent antitumor effect. Our results provide a multifunctional antitumor molecule that may overcome the shortages of traditional antiangiogenic agents.
Hu Feng's Ideology on Literature & Art and Marxist Theory of Literature & Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In terms of the world scope,the dissemination of Marxist theory of literature and art has led to the existence of three major branches-the Soviet Marxist theory,the Western Marxist theory and the Chinese Marxist theory.Hu Feng is undoubtedly an outstanding representative of the Chinese Marxist theory.In the course of its formation,having been influenced by Chinese Leftist thought and the Soviet RUPW theory(Russian Union of Proletarian Writers),Hu Feng inevitably bore some inadequacies shared by the Left-Wing theorists of his times.However,he got nurtured from Lu Xun's works and actions,and had extensively read works by foreign literary masters.His loyalty to art and ample artistic experience as a poet makes it possible for him to stretch his theoretical antenna into the expanse of artistic creation.Consequently his unprecedented theoretical contribution greatly enriches the treasure house of Marxist theory.