jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Racialization of Labor in Early Nineteenth-Century Upstate New York

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A little-remembered migration of southern families moving into the Finger Lakes region in Upstate New York took place in the early nineteenth century. Rose Hill, a Piedmont-style wheat plantation established by one of these families relocating from Virginia, is the site of this study. Initially utilizing an African-descended enslaved labor force which was transplanted from Virginia, the estate made the transition to African American and then Irish tenant farmers as it transformed into one of New York’s leading progressive farms. Through the use of architectural and archaeological remains, we explore how the landscape was used to establish a racialized social hierarchy. The estate’s spatial arrangement was first manipulated by Virginian planters in order to remind their slaves of the hierarchical social order manifested in the “quarter.” However, the racialized space of the slave quarter was later transformed into the racialized space of the tenant “cottage,” where Irish immigrants lived and worked as tenant farmers. By placing the Irish into a previously racialized landscape, subsequent owners of Rose Hill were able to adopt an existing concept of racial hierarchy to the new realities the landowners faced.
Detection of Gene Effects and Epistasis for Specific Physiological Traits to Develop Drought Resistant Cultivar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ANOVA revealed significant differences among the six cross families for all the characters in E1 and E2 except for ATR in E2. Differences among the progenies within families were also significant for all the characters in the six crosses in E1 and E2. Simple scaling tests indicated presence of epistatic gene interactions and fitness of digenic interaction model for all the characters in most of the six crosses in both conditions. Across the six crosses, role of epistasis was comparatively more pronounced in E2 as compared to E1. The generation mean analysis revealed importance of additive (d) and/or dominance (h) gene effects as well as one or more of the epistatic gene interactions (i, j, l) for all the characters in most of the crosses in E1 and E2. However, nature and magnitude of gene effects and epistatic interactions for a character exhibited considerable variation across the six crosses and both conditions. The significance of additive gene effects for most of the sixteen characters in the six crosses under two conditions suggested substantial improvement in yield status can still be achieved in rice by using breeding procedures exploiting fixable components of genetic variance leading to development of pure-line varieties in rice for irrigated and drought condition. Significance of dominance gene effects and epistatic interactions for most of the traits in six crosses under two conditions indicated that exploitation of heterosis through hybrid varieties appears to be a potential alternative. The non-additive gene effects may also be utilized for facilitating development of pure-line cultivars by involving population improvement methods.
Treatment With Bupropion and Varenicline for Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Acute Cardiovascular Events and Injuries: a Swedish Case-Crossover Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The reliable exposure and diagnosis assessment used in this nationwide register-based study, along with the number of cases gathered makes this sample one of the largest of its type to assess potential side effects associated with the use of these drugs. Neither medication was associated with consistent higher risks for any of the adverse outcomes studied.
Yellow fever, dengue fever and West Nile viruses co-circulation in Ogbomoso

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arboviruses are an emerging threat of significant impact on human health and well-being.With increasing proportion of the world living in urban environments, inadvertently, there is the creation of better habitats for vector species.This study is aimed at establishing the occurrence of arboviruses within Ogbomoso, with a view to providing baseline data for further study.Ninety-three plasma samples from consenting individuals in the age range 1-75 years were collected and screened for IgM to dengue fever (DENV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses using third generation Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (WKEA Med Supplies Corp, China) kits.An overall prevalence of 52.7% (49/93) were recorded from the recruited individuals.IgM antibodies to Dengue, Yellow fever and West Nile viruses were found in 16/49 (17.2%), 16/49 (17.2%) and 17/49 (18.3%), respectively.High prevalence were recorded in the age groups 16-30, 31-45 and 61-75 years.Gender analysis of the positive samples showed higher prevalence among females than males.The result also showed high prevalence in urban settings than rural settings for DENV and WNV, however, for YNF, higher prevalence was found in the rural area.The prevalence of dual and trio arboviral infection showed 17.2% and 11.8% respectively.This study confirms the circulation of Dengue fever, Yellow fever and West Nile viruses in Ogbomoso and therefore suggest the need for public awareness on vector control.
The role of contests and talent shows as part of the artist development process within the music industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Providing an opportunity for getting instant exposure and building a large fan base, contests and talent shows have often been considered by young artists as a potential shortcut to a successful music career. Addressing the potential gap in research, this chapter aims to define the role of live contests and talent shows in today's music industry, both as a stage of the artist development process, and as a potential form of business, through the perspectives of both music artists and entrepreneurs. The research has a very specific, and quite unusual, multifaceted nature, which combines topics related to both the artists' perspectives on talent development, and the entrepreneurs' motivation as contest organisers – including the profitability of these projects – which is considered the business aspect most relevant to the aim of the study. Therefore, a well-developed strategy is required in terms of the study's design and methodology, and the appropriate choice of specific methods to be used.
Process benchmarking: a new tool to improve the performance of overhead areas

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to present an empirically developed and tested process to address the limitations in the literature on the lack of appropriate performance measures and benchmarks for recording activity and sub‐process related cost. The process presented integrates performance measures, process cost accounting tools and benchmarking. Design/methodology/approach A special type of research methodology called innovative action research is utilized to develop and test the new process benchmarking tool. Findings The new tool provides information not only about costs, but also about the following non‐financial indicators: process volumes, process‐related time (cycle times), and used capacity/resources of processes. Also, the tool can be used in a very economical way. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study are limited to the German mechanical engineering industry. Further research is needed for generalization of the proposed model. Practical implications Although, the mechanical engineering industry is used to demonstrate the proposed framework, it can be applied to other industries with a little modification. Originality/value A new, effective and efficient tool for cost reduction and performance improvement is developed and empirically tested.
Hope for Success Is Where Your Locus of Control Is. A Psychological Analysis of Relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aims to investigate relationships between various dimensions of locus of control and hope for success. 495 secondary school students aged 14 to 16 (Mage = 15.54, SD = 0.53) were surveyed. Hope for success was measured using Łaguna et al.’s Questionnaire of Hope for Success. Locus of control was assessed using the Questionnaire of Locus of Control. The results indicate that the two variables are interrelated. The present findings can be used in designing educational activities to support secondary school students’ sense of agency.
Swap cosystolic expansion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce and study swap cosystolic expansion, a new expansion property of simplicial complexes. We prove lower bounds for swap coboundary expansion of spherical buildings and use them to lower bound swap cosystolic expansion of the LSV Ramanujan complexes. Our motivation is the recent work (in a companion paper) showing that swap cosystolic expansion implies agreement theorems. Together the two works show that these complexes support agreement tests in the low acceptance regime. Swap cosystolic expansion is defined by considering, for a given complex $X$, its faces complex $F^r X$, whose vertices are $r$-faces of $X$ and where two vertices are connected if their disjoint union is also a face in $X$. The faces complex $F^r X$ is a derandomizetion of the product of $X$ with itself $r$ times. The graph underlying $F^rX$ is the swap walk of $X$, known to have excellent spectral expansion. The swap cosystolic expansion of $X$ is defined to be the cosystolic expansion of $F^r X$. Our main result is a $\exp(-O(\sqrt r))$ lower bound on the swap coboundary expansion of the spherical building and the swap cosystolic expansion of the LSV complexes. For more general coboundary expanders we show a weaker lower bound of $exp(-O(r))$.
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) Criteria Working Group Field Demonstration Project: Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Site 21 at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma was selected as a demonstration site for the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Working Group approach for establishing Risk Based Screening Levels. The site had been previously characterized using conventional analyses and was recommended for natural attenuation. Contaminants included JP-4 and diesel fuels. Groundwater and soil samples were collected and analyzed using the Direct Method, specified by the Working Group. A Tier I risk assessment was performed to determine clean-up levels. Average site concentrations did not exceed the average Risk Based Screening Levels. The bulk of the contaminated soil has not weathered significantly, but the recommendation for natural attenuation was confirmed.
The Galactic Centre, 1951–1954

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The discovery of radio source Sagittarius A (Sgr A) and its association with the centre of the Milky Way is a fascinating story, involving RPL personnel and prominent US and Dutch astronomers. When we say “discovery”, however, we do not mean a single event. Contra the conventions in science that award prizes, professional respect and that very nebulous (!) phenomenon of “historical recognition” to individuals, discovery is a lengthy process involving many actors, many different kinds of contributions, and many events. This was understood by one of the actors involved in this story: the famous astronomer Hendrick “Henk” van de Hulst, who had predicted the existence of the HI line at radio frequencies. Reflecting back on the history of radio astronomy, van de Hulst suggested the concept of “nanohertz astronomy”– that is, history of astronomy on a longer timescale.
The genetics of extreme microgeographic adaptation: an integrated approach identifies a major gene underlying leaf trichome divergence in Yellowstone Mimulus guttatus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Microgeographic adaptation provides a particularly interesting context for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence and may also present unique empirical challenges. In particular, plant adaptation to extreme soil mosaics may generate barriers to gene flow or shifts in mating system that confound simple genomic scans for adaptive loci. Here, we combine three approaches – quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of candidate intervals in controlled crosses, population resequencing (PoolSeq) and analyses of wild recombinant individuals – to investigate one trait associated with Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower) adaptation to geothermal soils in Yellowstone National Park. We mapped a major QTL causing dense leaf trichomes in thermally adapted plants to a <50‐kb region of linkage Group 14 (Tr14) previously implicated in trichome divergence between independent M. guttatus populations. A PoolSeq scan of Tr14 region revealed a cluster of six genes, coincident with the inferred QTL peak, with high allele frequency differences sufficient to explain observed phenotypic differentiation. One of these, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor Migut.N02661, is a plausible functional candidate and was also strongly associated ( r 2 = 0.27) with trichome phenotype in analyses of wild‐collected admixed individuals. Although functional analyses will be necessary to definitively link molecular variants in Tr14 with trichome divergence, our analyses are a major step in that direction. They point to a simple, and parallel, genetic basis for one axis of Mimulus guttatus adaptation to an extreme habitat, suggest a broadly conserved genetic basis for trichome variation across flowering plants and pave the way for further investigations of this challenging case of microgeographic incipient speciation.
<title>Vibration damping in cylindrical shells filled with low-density low-wave-speed media</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Significant damping can be introduced to a closed structure by filling the structure with a moderately lossy, low-wave-speed medium, such as a foam or a low-density powder. In this paper, we study the damping in long, thin-walled, cylindrical tubes filled with a low-density powder. Experimental results show that significant damping can be attained in tube bending (n=1) modes as well as shell bending (n=2 and higher) modes. To predict the damping in such systems, we develop a model based on three-dimensional shell equations including shear deformation and in-plane inertia, and treat the powder as a compressible fluid with a complex speed of sound. By studying the spatial decay of steady harmonic motion in an infinitely long tube, we obtain estimates for the loss factor of vibration for various numbers of circumferential nodes as a function of driving frequency.
The Relationship between Vascular Risk Factors and White Matter Structural and Vascular Imaging Metrics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Vascular risk factors are associated with cerebral small vessel disease and dementia pathology and reduced WM integrity is correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment in dementia. We have investigated if vascular risk factors are related to white matter structural and vascular imaging metrics. Imaging metrics include intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cerebrovascular measures such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and arterial transit time (ATT). Method Sixty‐four subjects (Table 1) enrolled in the Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC) Clinical Core cohort underwent MRI, including T2 FLAIR, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), pseudo‐continuous ASL (PCASL). CVR was measured as a percent of increased CBF during a hypercapnic respiratory paradigm. ATT and resting CBF were obtained from a multi‐TI PCASL sequence. ICVF was obtained from NODDI. Head size adjusted WM total lesion volume (TLV) was calculated using SPM12‐LST2 toolbox with T2‐FLAIR image. Linear regression models were performed to examine if CBF, CVR, ATT, ICVF, or TLV are related to the risk factors or cognitive status adjusted covariates: age, sex, and years of education. A covariates adjusted logistic regression estimated weighting factors for each interrelated vascular imaging parameter to create novel cerebrovascular functional composites for each vascular risk group and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group. The factor score p‐values were also calculated from two‐sample t‐tests with the cerebrovascular composite. The entire analyses were performed within the whole brain WM. Result In the whole brain WM, hypertension subjects (p=0.031) showed higher CVR (Figure 1). T2DM subjects (p=0.007) showed higher WM TLV (Figure 2). T2DM and MCI subjects showed lower ICVF than normal subjects did (Figure 3). Based on the weights of each cerebrovascular parameter in the composite (Table 2), the effects of CBF and CVR are stronger in hypertension group while all three cerebrovascular measures had substantial contribution to cognition status. Conclusion Each risk factor and cognitive status differently affected WM structural and vascular dynamic imaging parameters. The findings warrant further investigations of contributions of vascular risk factors to the structural and vascular abnormalities in dementia.
Authority, Conflict, and the Transmission of Diversity in Medieval Islamic Law * BY R. KEVIN JAQUES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book employs a professional 'prosopography' (a biography of a professional class of people, in this case a record of the lives of 784 Muslim jurists of the Shafiʿi school of law) written by a fifteenth century Mamluk writer/jurist (Ibn Qāḍī Shuhba (d. 851/1448)) as a source of intellectual and legal history in order to investigate the phenomenon of the decline (or the perception of decline) of legal scholarship and the legal profession in later medieval Islamic history. It is clear, however, that the extent to which decline (or the perception of decline) of social and intellectual life may have occurred in late medieval Islamic history can already be discerned from sources other than (though, according to author, corroborated by) the main source of this study. For example, the author reminds us that forms of the decline of the Islamic culture may have begun from the twelfth century where 'in 589/1193 conditions were so abhorrent that when famine struck in Iraq people resorted to cannibalism' (p. 5).
Affective neuroscience of the emotional BrainMind: evolutionary perspectives and implications for understanding depression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cross-species affective neuroscience studies confirm that primary-process emotional feelings are organized within primitive subcortical regions of the brain that are anatomically, neurochemically, and functionally homologous in all mammals that have been studied. Emotional feelings (affects) are intrinsic values that inform animals how they are faring in the quest to survive. The various positive affects indicate that animals are returning to "comfort zones" that support survival, and negative affects reflect "discomfort zones" that indicate that animals are in situations that may impair survival. They are ancestral tools for living - evolutionary memories of such importance that they were coded into the genome in rough form (as primary brain processes), which are refined by basic learning mechanisms (secondary processes) as well as by higher-order cognitions/thoughts (tertiary processes). To understand why depression feels horrible, we must fathom the affective infrastructure of the mammalian brain. Advances in our understanding of the nature of primary-process emotional affects can promote the development of better preclinical models of psychiatric disorders and thereby also allow clinicians new and useful ways to understand the foundational aspects of their clients' problems. These networks are of clear importance for understanding psychiatric disorders and advancing psychiatric practice.
Afghanistan, Narcotics and the International Criminal Court: From Port of Spain to Kabul, via Rome

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1989 Trinidad and Tobago approached the UN General Assembly to re-open discussion on the establishment of an international narcotics court.The proposal was borne of a frustration with the inability of less developed states to investigate and prosecute international drug traffickers and, a perceived lack of cooperation between national law enforcement and judicial agencies. 1 The proposal provided the impetus to a process which resulted in the formation of the International Criminal Court (henceforth Court or ICC).After a decade of negotiations the Rome Statute of the ICC included the following crimes under the Courts jurisdiction: crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes and crimes of aggression.Narcotic trafficking was excluded from the Statute. 2 In 2009, Trinidad and Tobago again lobbied for the inclusion of narcotics trafficking under Articles 121 and 125 of the Rome Statute. 3 Narcotics' trafficking was again excluded, due to a lack of support. 41
Modelling Knowledge Synergy Evaluation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although nowadays knowledge is considered one of the main resources in organisations to create competitive advantage, there is a lack of research dedicated to the subject of knowledge and in particular knowledge synergy.After examining the content, types and properties of knowledge, the article provides definitions of knowledge potential and knowledge synergy that lead to the identification of its links and the constructive development of systematic research of knowledge synergy.The analysis of a knowledge synergy structure and the refinement of its components, i.e. employee's knowledge, relations among employees and types of knowledge synergy relations, serve as a basis for a fundamental diagram of knowledge synergy evaluation and a calculation formula for knowledge synergy, as well as for suggestions on the evaluation of knowledge synergy components.
Relationships among Emotional Reactions, Impression Evaluations, and Preference Towards Video Pictures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the research on emotion, films have been used widely as a means for eliciting emotions in a laboratory because they affect psychological states of human beings. The studies by Philippot (1993), Gross & Levenson (1995) and Noguchi (2005) showed that specific emotion states, i.e., amusement, anger, contentment, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness and surprise, should be reliably elicited by films. In the media society we are living, the use of films as an effective representation for communicating information among ourselves has been increasing. As the previous studies showed, films should elicit emotions, and therefore the films used in the media society should affect the emotional nature of the media society. In order to establish a sound media society, it is required for those who produce films to understand appropriately the psychological states of the people who watch them. The purpose of this study was to develop producers' media literacy by the knowledge how specific films used in the media society should elicit specific emotional states of the viewers. We investigated psychological states of viewers in terms of their Kansei reaction, which is, in this experiment, the ability to induce the preference evaluation, i.e., like or dislike, when watching the films. We used four films associated with different types of information having the same playback time. Forty-nine participants carried out preference evaluations after watching the four films. We measured the Kansei reactions of the participants using 16 emotions proposed by Gross & Levenson (1995) and impression evaluations for 14 adjective pairs proposed by Gwasaki (2002). The result showed the way how the emotions and the impressions affected “like” and “dislike”. In particular, it was found that the emotion of “tension” is the key of the preference evaluation.