jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diverse monogenetic volcanism across the main arc of the central Andes, northern Chile

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Instances of fault-controlled monogenetic volcanism across the subduction arc of the Central Andes at ~ 23°S illuminate the nature of different parental melts being delivered to the crust. Evidence of magmatic history is preserved in bulk rock geochemistry, the content of melt inclusions, and mineral compositions. Volcanism in this region is dominated by felsic and intermediates lavas as the thickened crust (55 – 65 km) and vast volumes (> 500,000 km3) of mid-crustal magma beneath the Altiplano-Puna high plateau region prevent mafic magmas from reaching the surface (Davidson & De Silva, 1991; Beck et al., 1996; Perkins et al., 2016). However, small volumes of relatively undifferentiated lava have been delivered from the lower crust to the surface along zones of crustal weakness without extensive processing by crustal assimilation and/or extended storage in sub-volcanic magma chambers. Monogenetic eruptions of less-differentiated lava provide important constraints on compositions normally obscured by crustal processing in the Central Andes.\nBasaltic andesite sampled within the frontal arc (Cerro Overo maar) is a regional mafic end-member and approximates the composition of parental arc magmas derived from partially-molten lower crustal regions where mantle-derived magmas interact with the surrounding lithosphere and undergo density differentiation (MASH zones). Basaltic olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Cerro Overo provide a glimpse of less-evolved melt composition from this region and suggest mobilization of MASH magma by injection of basaltic melt. Basaltic andesite sampled from the eastern (back) margin of the frontal arc (Puntas Negras – El Laco) is another regional mafic endmember, representing a mantle-derived magma composition that is transitional between subduction arc magmatism and intraplate magmatism of the back-arc. The internal crystal architecture revealed by major and trace element zoning of olivine phenocrysts indicates Cerro Overo magma experienced continuous ascent, while Puntas Negras magma experienced a brief period of stalling or storage near the brittle-ductile transition zone (~ 25 km). Aphyric intermediate monogenetic lavas sampled west of (before) the frontal arc display Adakite-like signatures (e.g. high Sr/Y and Sm/Yb) represent small amounts of melt generated with a significant contribution from direct melting of the metabasaltic slab or delaminated lithospheric root at high pressure. These three magmatic regimes sampled at monogenetic centers approximate different end-member compositions being delivered to the lower crust of the Central Andes from which the range of intermediate main arc volcanism in the Altiplano-Puna region is ultimately derived.
Intrinsic disorder modulates protein self-assembly and aggregation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein molecules have evolved to adopt distinctive and well-defined functional and soluble states under physiological conditions. In some circumstances, however, proteins can self-assemble into fibrillar aggregates designated as amyloid fibrils. In vivo these processes are normally associated with severe pathological conditions but can sometimes have functional relevance. One such example is the hydrophobins, whose aggregation at air–water interfaces serves to create robust protein coats that help fungal spores to resist wetting and thus facilitate their dispersal in the air. We have performed multiscale simulations to address the molecular determinants governing the formation of functional amyloids by the class I fungal hydrophobin EAS. Extensive samplings of full-atom replica-exchange molecular dynamics and coarse-grained simulations have allowed us to identify factors that distinguish aggregation-prone from highly soluble states of EAS. As a result of unfavourable entropic terms, highly dynamical regions are shown to exert a crucial influence on the propensity of the protein to aggregate under different conditions. More generally, our findings suggest a key role that specific flexible structural elements can play to ensure the existence of soluble and functional states of proteins under physiological conditions.
Time and the Distribution of Time in L2 Instruction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

LAURA COLLINSUniversity of VictoriaRANDALL H. HALTERConcordia UniversityPATSY M. LIGHTBOWNConcordia UniversityNINA SPADAMcGill UniversityIn the French primary schools of Quebec, increased popularity inexperimental programs that provide young Francophone learners withintensive ESL instruction has been accompanied by increased variationin the way the instructional time is distributed. In a massed program,students complete the regular curriculum in French in 5 months andspend the remaining months learning English. In a distributed pro-gram, the intensive ESL instruction is spread across the full 10 monthsof the school year.Within the cognitive psychology and general education literature,there is substantial evidence in favour of distributed over massedpractice. There has been less research in the language programevaluation literature contrasting the learning outcomes of studentsreceiving similar amounts of L2 exposure in different distributions, butthe ﬁndings suggest an advantage for massed learning. The presentstudy compared the learning outcomes in two versions of the massedprogram and one version of the distributed program of students of thesame age and L1, with similar amounts of prior exposure to English.Pretest and posttest measures from 700 students revealed superioroutcomes for the massed learning conditions. The interpretation of theﬁndings takes into account selection criteria, overall instructional time,and instructional practices in the different ESL programs.
P123 MRI remission after therapeutic intervention is associated with more time spent in clinical corticosteroids-free remission and decreased risk of surgery in Crohn's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b>Background:</b> Endoscopic mucosal healing should be the therapeutic goal in Crohn's disease (CD) as it is associated with more favourable outcomes. Alternative non-invasive approach, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is able to detect morphologic changes under therapy [1]. However, whether achieving MRI remission is associated with favourable outcomes remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether MRI remission after therapeutic intervention could predict clinical corticosteroids-free remission (CFREM) and CD related-surgery. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a posthoc analysis from pooled data of two prospective trials. All the patients undergoing MRI to monitor therapeutic response were included. Patients were excluded from this study if follow-up was <6 months. Objective sign of inflammation on colonoscopy, CTscan or MRI before treatment has to be available to include the patients. All the patients underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterocolonography with no bowel cleansing and no rectal enema. MRI evaluation was performed using 5 segments (ileum, right colon, transverse colon, left/sigmoid colon and rectum). MRI remission was defined using Clermont criteria [2] (no segmental Clermont score >12.5) or using Barcelona criteria [3] (no segmental MaRIA >11). Deep MRI remission was defined as no segmental MaRIA >7 or no segmental Clermont score >8.4. Clinical CFREM was defined as absence of CD flare (=reappearance or worsening of clinical manifestation leading to therapeutic modification, hospitalization or CD-related surgery). For each of the patients CFREM were assessed by semesters. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 63 patients were included (Table 1) with a median follow-up of 4 semesters. <fig loc="float" id="F1000"> <link locator="A-1572-078"></fig> Overall, 300 semesters were considered. In multivariate analysis taken into account the impact of CDAI, CRP and current therapy at inclusion, deep MRI remission was associated with more time spent in CFREM according to Barcelona (85.7% vs 44.9%, p=0.01)or Clermont criteria (69.3% vs 46.9%, p=0.049). MRI remission was also associated higher proportion of semester spent in CFREM according to Barcelona (66.7% vs 47.3%, p=0.042)or Clermont criteria (69.4% vs 42.7%, p=0.049). Patients achieving deep MRI remission or MRI remission had an increased time to CD-related surgery compared to those with persistent MRI activity (p<0.05, for all criteria). <b>Conclusions:</b> MRI remission after therapeutic intervention is associated with favourable outcomes and should be considered as non-invasive therapeutic endpoint in CD. A dedicated prospective trial should be led to confirm our data. References: [1] Ordas et al. (2014), Gastroenterology [2] Hordonneau et al. (2014), Am J Gastroenterol. [3] Rimola et al. (2009), Gut.
A note on the correlations between measurements on photographs of the cut sides of Wiltshire bacon and on the live pig or newly slaughtered carcass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The importance of fat thickness and size and shape of eye muscle in bacon pigs has initiated much work to establish convenient routine measurements that would most reliably estimate these qualities. Measurements taken of the muscle: fat ratios in the region of the loin have been found to be the best estimate of the whole carcass and (as discussed by Harrington, 1958) have been a valuable aid in carcass competitions, where, to ensure similarity between contests, judges have used standard photographs of cut sides. The use of routine photographic records of cut sides in nutrition and breeding work has not, however, been fully explored, but was used by American and German workers (Ferguson, Brennan and Buric, 1961; and Brohmann, 1961). The advantage of using photographic records is that the measurements can be made at the most convenient time and place and form a near permanent record. They can also be used in developing correlations with measurements on live pigs which might estimate the quality of the rashers later produced.
Informing Citizen Engagement Activities about Human Genomics in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims at informing forthcoming citizen engagement initiatives about human genomics and gene editing in particular in Europe. In order to initiate such a debate, it is necessary to uncover what has been guiding public discourse and in particular public debate about human genomics and gene editing. Moreover, it is also necessary to understand the grounds upon which human genomics is being currently governed. The authors present an assessment of citizen engagement on debates about human genomics, identifying common problematics found in different studies. The lack of citizen engagement activities about human genomics thus far suggest that there is a need to create opportunities for debate about this technology and its potential applications. This will constitute a necessary next step on the research about social and ethical implications of human genomics. In light of this, the authors set forth seven thematic narratives enshrined in policy and media discourses, as well as human genomics practices. These narratives come from different actors and are telling about on-going promises, assumptions, claims, interests, expectations and concerns across the human genomics field. The narratives can function, firstly, as a means to introduce or trigger the conversation in the desired topics through the exploration of the plausibility and desirability of such narratives from the point of view of the relevant actors, and secondly, to gather insights of the imaginaries and expectations of citizens related to the discourses on human gene editing.
EU international family law and third states

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this contribution is to consider whether common provisions of the Brussels IIbis Regulation and of the Maintenance Regulation supersede the national rules only in so far as a given situation has substantial connections to the EU or in all situations irrespective of such connections. We will consider external effect (effect on extra-Union cross-border family cases) of the abovementioned Regulations on the basis of analysis of personal-territorial scope of their application.
Scientific opinion of Flavouring Group Evaluation 503 (FGE.503): grill flavour ‘Grillin’ CB‐200SF’

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF Panel) was requested to deliver a scientific opinion on the implication for human health of the product Grillin' 5078 [FL-no: 21.003] in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 502, according to Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008 and Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The product is derived from heat-treated high oleic sunflower oil and intended to be used as a food flavouring with charbroiled or grilled aroma in a wide variety of food categories either in liquid or powder form. Information on manufacturing and compositional data was considered adequate to show the reproducibility of the production process. However, the Panel noted that a considerable amount of the non-volatile fraction of the product could not be identified. The chronic dietary exposure to the substance estimated using the Added Portions Exposure Technique (APET) was calculated to be 60 mg/person per day for a 60-kg adult and 37.8 mg/person per day for a 15-kg child. The data submitted for evaluating the genotoxic potential of the flavouring was considered insufficient. There are still 12 substances in the flavouring for which the evaluation of genotoxic potential is pending. No toxicity studies have been provided on the final product itself. Only information on a number of constituents of the flavouring and data on toxicity of several thermally treated fats and oils were provided by the applicant. However, the Panel considered the time-temperature conditions that were applied in the preparation of the substances tested as not comparable to those applied in the course of the production of the flavouring. The Panel concluded that on the basis of the data provided by the applicant the safety of Grillin' 5078 cannot be established.
Catfish Pond Information System Utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) Technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a topic of interest improvement based on technologies that constantly extend advantages of Internet-connected objects. The technology can automatically provide information in real-time. One improvement in the fisheries sector is the tank monitoring system. Catfish farmers continue to come to the ponds for routine monitoring. This can affect the time efficiency and effectiveness of fish farming efforts. This study developed an IoT-based water quality monitoring and control information system for catfish ponds using the waterfall method. Necessary sensors are acidity (pH), temperature, and a relay for adjusting the water oxygen aerator. The data sensors are recorded by the Raspberry Pi and processed in the Arduino Uno system to provide information via the Internet according to the automated needs of the user. Also, this data is displayed on different platforms, one of which has a mobile web model. The results show that the system based on IoT technology can carry out automatic monitoring water quality. The automation provided by the information system promises the productivity of catfish ponds.
Information Systems and Health Care VII - When Success Results in Failure: The Challenge of Extending the IT Infrastructure to Support Organ Procurement and Transplantation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Xpedite was a computer-based information system developed by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to enhance organ procurement and placement from cadavers. Using state-of-the-art development approaches and technology at the time of its development, Xpedite was built around Lotus Notes, facsimile machines, and alphanumeric pagers. It was developed to integrate and streamline the collection, transfer, and exchange of data on available organs more fully. The concept was to shorten the time from organ availability (i.e., donor death) to transplant, thus reducing organ wastage. Xpedite met design and operational performance goals (i.e., a reduction in placement times and data errors), yet its operation was terminated after barely twenty-four months of operation. Adoption of the new technology throughout the transplant community was limited due to inexperience with integrated information technology systems and the resistance to change that accompanied Xpedite's launch. The individual and organizational resistance was a surprise to UNOS. The technical and organizational lessons learned from this experience helped UNOS with developing subsequent information technology infrastructure components. The complexity of the technology support environment and low levels of user adoption for Xpedite ultimately led to an evolution beyond this tool, resulting in an Internet-based environment that would be more robust, easier to maintain, and better able to support user needs.
Analysis of the influence of Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance as dimensionality reduction method on cancer classification based on microarray data using Support Vector Machine classifier

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Microarray technology provides a way to monitor thousands of gene expressions at the same time. However, microarray data has a high dimensionality. This high dimensionality will affect the classification performance. In order to solve this issue, this research proposed the use of Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) as the dimension reduction method and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was also used as a comparison to MRMR. Tests on lung cancer and ovarian cancer data with MRMR and SVM linear kernel classifier as well as polynomial kernel resulted in an F1-score of 1, with the number of features used for the classification was 20% of the original feature dataset. This means that the accuracy of the classification was 100% and the system built has an excellent performance. As for the colon cancer classification, the F1-score result using MRMR and SVM polynomial kernel classifier was greater than the classification without the dimension reduction method, which is 0.84. It is the same with the classification of leukemia cancer, where the MRMR and SVM polynomial kernel classifier obtained greater result than the result of leukemia classification without dimension reduction method, which the F1-score was 0.9657.
Effects of different concentrations of Se6+ on selenium absorption, transportation, and distribution of citrus seedlings (C. junos cv. Ziyang xiangcheng)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Different concentrations of selenium (Se6+) were added in order to detect the rules of Se absorption, transportation, and distribution in seedlings of Ziyang xiangcheng. After two months of treatments, seedling growth parameters, Se concentrations in different parts, and rhizosphere microbial counts were detected. We found 1–8 mg Se6+/L treatments promoted plant growth, especially at 2 mg/L. The seedling Se concentrations were also improved with the increase of Se dose. Both Se concentrations and total Se content were the largest in leaves, followed by roots and stems. The counts of bacteria and fungi were maximized at the dose of 2 mg Se6+/L. With the increase of Se dose, Se transaction factors were reduced. Moreover, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) viz BCFroot/soil and BCFstem/soil were maximized at the dose of 2 mg/L Se6+. These results indicated that the optimized growth Se content is at the dose of 2 mg Se6+/L.
Modified Stranski–Krastanov Growth of Amino Acid Arrays toward Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Biomolecule-based piezoelectric nanostructures emerged as a new class of energy-converse materials, and designing tailored piezoelectric amino acid arrays is essential to achieve efficient electrical-mechanical coupling and fulfill their application potential. However, the controlled growth of amino acid nanostructures is still challenging due to the limited understanding of their growth mechanism. Herein, we base on the Stranski-Krastanov (S-K) growth mode and propose a mechanism for the growth of ordered amino acid array structures via physical vapor deposition. The growth of vertical valine sheet arrays is examined by changing the substrate temperature, chamber pressure, and source-substrate distance, and a "layer-plus-sheet" growth process is revealed. The modified S-K growth mode is applied to fabricate other amino acid nanostructures like leucine and isoleucine. The growth mode not only explains the formation of uniform and controllable morphology of amino acid structures but also leads to the significant enhancement of their piezoelectric properties. The maximal effective piezoelectric constant of valine sheets is 11.4 pm V-1, which approaches its highest predicted value. The output voltage of the valine array-based nanogenerator is ∼4.6 times the output voltage of the valine powder-based nanogenerator. This work provides new insights into the growth mechanism of ordered piezoelectric amino acid arrays, making them promising candidates for applications in wearable or implantable electronic devices.
Studying the Possibility of Using a Carbon Sorbent Based on a Graphite Nitrate Cointercalation Compound for Water Purification from Heavy Metal Ions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The results of studies of the carbon sorbent adsorption properties by atomic absorption spectrometry are presented. Carbon sorbent was obtained by graphite nitrate cointercalation compound thermal expansion at 900 °C. It is shown that the Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin equations adequately describe the adsorption of the studied metal ions by a carbon sorbent. The carbon sorbent after the adsorption of heavy metal ions was studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction. The limit values were fixed for the adsorption capacity of the sorbent relative to Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+ as 0.94; 0.85 and 0.58 mmol/g sorbent, respectively. It was concluded that the conducted studies indicate the possibility of using such sorbent in processes of water purification from heavy metal ions.
Towards the formation of a professional identity: women artists in Greece at the beginning of the twentieth century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In nineteenth-century Greece women of the upper and middle classes were usually occupied with some form of art destined for the private sphere of their familial or friendly circle or sold for philanthropic purposes. The foundation of a female class for painting and sculpture at the state School of Arts in Athens in 1894 seems to have given women the chance to demand and assure equal academic opportunities with men in the first decade of the twentieth century, despite strong objections from their opponents on the issue of the life-class. For some women this was the first step away from amateurism and towards professionalism and was to be followed by a series of initiatives, including the maintenance of a well-organised atelier, steady participation in exhibitions and artistic unions, the adoption of modern art tendencies and publicity through the press, all of which guaranteed their professional engagement with art. Next to contemporary feminist demands for emancipation and female attempts to enter traditionally male professions, women artists' endeavours contributed, as can be detected in some painted and photographic portraits of Flora, Laskaridou and Asprioti, to the formation of the image of the New Woman as well as to the promotion of female artistic individuality.