jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Socio-Technical Grounded Theory on the Effect of Cognitive Dysfunctions in the Performance of Software Developers with ADHD and Autism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The concept of neurodiversity, encompassing conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, and dyspraxia, challenges traditional views of these neurodevelopmental variations as disorders and instead frames them as natural cognitive differences that contribute to unique ways of thinking and problem-solving. Within the software development industry, known for its emphasis on innovation, there is growing recognition of the value neurodivergent individuals bring to technical teams. Despite this, research on the contributions of neurodivergent individuals in Software Engineering (SE) remains limited. This interdisciplinary Socio-Technical Grounded Theory study addresses this gap by exploring the experiences of neurodivergent software engineers with ASD and ADHD, examining the cognitive and emotional challenges they face in software teams. Based on interviews and a survey with 25 neurodivergent and 5 neurotypical individuals, our theory describes how neurodivergent cognitive dysfunctions affect SE performance, and how the individuals' individual journey and various accommodations can regulate this effect. We conclude our paper with a list of inclusive Agile practices, allowing organizations to better support neurodivergent employees and fully leverage their capabilities.
Spirited Motivation and the Novelty of Reason

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 5 examines “early” works that anticipate the Republic’s account of the role of spirited motivations in social and political life and the related challenges of promoting proper moral education and civic unity. It surveys Plato’s early depictions of traditional moral education and popular values, as well as his early treatment of political unity, civic strife, and the ethics of helping friends and harming enemies. The chapter also argues against the common view that the spirited part of the soul represented the main innovation of Plato’s tripartite theory. Rather, it suggests, the reasoning part was his contribution to received folk psychology and ethics, and that is why “early” dialogues focus so heavily on intellectual and rational aspects of human psychology.
Soft X ray tomographic imaging in the RFX reversed field pinch

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

SXR cross-sectional distributions measured in the European reversed field pinch (RFP) experiment RFX by means of a tomographic diagnostic are described. Various reconstruction techniques have been compared. A correction technique to minimize the systematic effect due to the non-identical thicknesses of the material filters has been developed. A number of experimental situations have been explored, and a study of the correlation between the MHD and SXR properties of the plasma has been made. The analysis concentrates both on standard discharges and on the recently discovered quasi-single-helicity states, whose signature is the growth of a sizeable m = 1 structure in the emissivity distributions. Detailed imaging of the plasma in these conditions is presented.
“We Roll our Sleeves up and get to Work!”: Portraits of Collective Action and Neighborhood Change in Atlanta's West End

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Collective action is one strategy urban neighborhood residents use to address community issues. However, collective action dynamics in rapidly changing urban neighborhoods are not well understood. This study used photovoice to examine perspectives on collective action and neighborhood change among residents of an urban neighborhood experiencing redevelopment in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Residents indicated that place attachment motivated and reinforced participation in collective action efforts to address neighborhood issues and to reconstruct narratives that challenged place stigmatization. Findings suggest that residents have heterogeneous perspectives about neighborhood change and local development, and simultaneously balance desires for neighborhood improvement with concerns about displacement, gentrification, and equitable development.
Embedding Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide within a Porous Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Matrix to Enhance its H2‐evolving Catalytic Activity and Robustness

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoS x ) is a promising alternative to Pt catalyst for the H 2 evolution in water. However, it is suffered of an electrochemical corrosion. In this report, we present a strategy to tack this issue by embedding the MoS x catalyst within a porous poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix. The PEDOT host is firstly grown onto a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode by electrochemical polymerization of EDOT monomer in an acetonitrile solution to perform a porous structure. The MoS x catalyst is subsequently deposited onto the PEDOT by an electrochemical oxidation of [MoS 4 ] 2− monomer. In a 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte solution, the MoS x /PEDOT shows higher H 2 ‐evolving catalytic activities (current density of 34.2 mA/cm 2 at −0.4 V vs RHE) in comparison to a pristine MoS x grown on a planar FTO electrode having similar catalyst loading (24.2 mA/cm 2 ). The PEDOT matrix contributes to enhance the stability of MoS x catalyst by a significant manner. As such, the MoS x /PEDOT retains 81 % of its best catalytic activity after 1000 potential scans from 0 to −0.4 V vs . RHE, whereas a planar MoS x catalyst is completely degraded after about 240 potential scans, due to its complete corrosion.
Dark Matter in Fractional Gravity. I. Astrophysical Tests on Galactic Scales

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We explore the possibility that the dark matter (DM) component in galaxies may originate fractional gravity. In such a framework, the standard law of inertia continues to hold, but the gravitational potential associated with a given DM density distribution is determined by a modified Poisson equation including fractional derivatives (i.e., derivatives of noninteger type) that are meant to describe nonlocal effects. We analytically derive the expression of the potential that in fractional gravity corresponds to various spherically symmetric density profiles, including the Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) distribution that is usually exploited to describe virialized halos of collisionless DM as extracted from N- body cosmological simulations. We show that in fractional gravity, the dynamics of a test particle moving in a cuspy NFW density distribution is substantially altered with respect to the Newtonian case, mirroring what in Newtonian gravity would instead be sourced by a density profile with an inner core. We test the fractional gravity framework on galactic scales, showing that (i) it can provide accurate fits to the stacked rotation curves of spiral galaxies with different properties, including dwarfs; (ii) it can reproduce to reasonable accuracy the observed shape and scatter of the radial acceleration relation over an extended range of galaxy accelerations; and (iii) it can properly account for the universal surface density and the core radius versus disk scale length scaling relations. Finally, we discuss the possible origin of the fractional gravity behavior as a fundamental or emerging property of the elusive DM component.
An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identification and characterization of the active constituents from Abrus mollis Hance

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abrus mollis Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat acute and chronic hepatitis, steatosis, and fibrosis. Its therapeutic qualities of it have long been acknowledged, although the active ingredients responsible for its efficacy and the mechanisms of its action are unknown. In this study, the chemical constituents absorbed into the blood from Abrus mollis Hance were assessed by using liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and the data was analyzed with the UNIFI screening platform. The results obtained were compared to existing chromatographic‐mass spectrometry information, including retention times and molecular weights as well as known reference compounds. 41 chemical constituents were found in Abrus mollis Hance, and these included 16 flavonoids, 13 triterpenoids, five organic acids, and two alkaloids. Experimentally it was found that Abrus mollis Hance had a therapeutic benefit when treating α‐naphthalene isothiocyanate‐induced acute liver injury in rats. In addition, 11 blood prototypical constituents, including six flavonoids, three triterpenoids, and two alkaloids, were found in serum samples following intragastric administration of Abrus mollis Hance extracts to rats. This novel study can be used for the quality control and pharmacodynamic assessment of Abrus mollis Hance in order to assess its efficacy in the therapeutic treatment of patients.
Indole modulates cooperative protein–protein interactions in the flagellar motor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Indole is a major component of the bacterial exometabolome, and the mechanisms for its wide-ranging effects on bacterial physiology are biomedically significant, although they remain poorly understood. Here, we determined how indole modulates the functions of a widely conserved motility apparatus, the bacterial flagellum. Our experiments in Escherichia coli revealed that indole influences the rotation rates and reversals in the flagellum's direction of rotation via multiple mechanisms. At concentrations higher than 1 mM, indole decreased the membrane potential to dissipate the power available for the rotation of the motor that operates the flagellum. Below 1 mM, indole did not dissipate the membrane potential. Instead, experiments and modeling indicated that indole weakens cooperative protein interactions within the flagellar complexes to inhibit motility. The metabolite also induced reversals in the rotational direction of the motor to promote a weak chemotactic response, even when the chemotaxis response regulator, CheY, was lacking. Experiments further revealed that indole does not require the transporter Mtr to cross the membrane and influence motor functions. Based on these findings, we propose that indole modulates intra- and inter-protein interactions in the cell to influence several physiological functions.
Zeeman Effect in Intermediate Coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A method is given for calculating $g$-values in intermediate coupling when the matrix of internal energy of the atom (spin-orbit plus electrostatic interaction) is known in $\mathrm{LS}$ coupling. The transformation from the states of $\mathrm{LS}$ coupling to the states of intermediate coupling, in which the internal energy matrix is diagonal, is then readily determined in terms of the parameters expressing the relative magnitudes of the interactions. The coupling parameters are ascertained from the measured energy levels. The transformation so determined is applied to the matrix of the energy due to an external magnetic field, as known for $\mathrm{LS}$ coupling. The diagonal terms of the transformed matrix contain the $g$-values of the states of the atom in intermediate coupling. Application of the method is made to the configurations ${p}^{2}$, ${p}^{3}$ and ${d}^{2}$. Agreement with the available experimental $g$-values is satisfactory, being as good as the agreement of energy levels to be had from a first order calculation.
Evaluation of Real-Time Pcr Based on Sybr Green I Fluorescent Dye for Detection of Bacillus Anthracis Strains in Biological Samples

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was the application and evaluation of real-time PCRs based on the fluorescence of SYBR Green I intercalating dye for the detection of three Bacillus anthracis genes in contaminated liver and blood samples. The goals for detection were rpoB gene as a chromosomal marker, pag gene located on plasmid pXO1, and capC gene located on plasmid pXO2. Material and Methods: Five B. anthracis strains were used for the experiments. Additionally, single strains of other species of the genus Bacillus, i.e. B. cereus, B. brevis, B. subtilis, and B. megaterium, and strains of six other species were used for evaluation of the specificity of the tests. Three SYBR Green I real-time PCRs were conducted allowing confirmation of B. anthracis in the biological samples. Results: The observation of amplification curves in real-time PCRs enabled the detection of the chromosomally encoded rpoB gene, pag gene, and capC gene of B. anthracis. The specificity of the tests was confirmed by estimation of the melting temperature of the PCR products. The sensitivity and linearity of the reactions were determined using regression coefficients. Strains of other microbial species did not reveal real-time PCR products. Conclusion: All real-time PCRs for the detection of B. anthracis in biological samples demonstrated a significant sensitivity and high specificity.
How to understand the heat island effects in high-rise compact urban canopy?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Alleviating the urban heat island effect is of great significance to improve thermal comfort, energy saving and carbon reduction, and realize sustainable urban development. At present, several methods are developed to investigate urban heat island effect, including meteorological observation data analysis, mesoscale WRF numerical simulation and remote sensing image analysis, etc. Among them, remote sensing image is widely used in the comparative study of heat island effect in different urban development periods. The local climate zone theory (LCZs), proposed by Stewart and Oke (Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93:1879–1900, 2012) provides a new tool for the downscaling study of urban heat island effect and forms a systematic classification scheme for different urban forms and surface landscapes. The results currently using LCZs to study the heat island effect, usually illustrate the horizontal differentiation at pedestrian level. However, the high-rise compact urban canopy of megacities in China is characteristic of three-dimensional space pattern, leading to the three dimensional differentiation of urban thermal and wind environment. Together with the local climate zones, the two-layer analysis scheme of the surface building-vegetation mixing layer and high building effect layer is thus proposed in this short review to understand the three-dimensional differentiation of urban canopy. This two-layer analysis scheme will provide a new insight for the study of urban heat islands and heat mitigation, deepening the existing local climate zone theory.
ENG Findings in Patients with Bell's Palsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electronystagmography (ENG) is known to be a useful method for the evaluation of vestibular disorders. We tested 40 Bell's palsy patients who visited our clinic within 3 weeks after the onset of paralysis with ENG. Regarding the ENG findings and facial nerve damage, there were no correlations between the severity of paralysis in the initial period and the degree of paralysis recovery and existence of spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus. Patients with CP had a significantly severe paralysis in the initial period, but then showed varying degrees of recovery from the paralysis. Appearance of DP was not dependent upon the severity of facial paralysis in the initial period or the degree of paralysis recovery. Patients without visual suppression had a more severe paralysis in the initial period and a poor paralysis recovery at 3 months after the onset of paralysis.
Human Cervical Mucus Plugs Exhibit Insufficiencies in Antimicrobial Activity Towards Group B Streptococcus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and lacks an effective therapy. Ascending microbial infections from the lower genital tract lead to infection of the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetus causing preterm birth or stillbirth. Directly in the path of an ascending infection is the cervical mucus plug (CMP), a dense mucoid structure in the cervical canal with potential antimicrobial properties. In this study, we aimed to define the components of CMP responsible for antimicrobial activity against a common lower genital tract organism associated with preterm birth and stillbirths, namely, group B streptococcus (GBS). Using a quantitative proteomic approach, we identified antimicrobial factors in CMPs that were collected from healthy human pregnancies. However, we noted that the concentration of antimicrobial peptides present in the human CMPs were insufficient to directly kill GBS, and antimicrobial activity, when observed, was due to antibiotics retained in the CMPs. Despite this insufficiency, CMP proteins were able to activate leukocytes in whole blood resulting in increased rates of bacterial killing, suggesting a role for the CMP in enhancing complement-mediated killing or leukocyte activation. This study provides new insight into how the human CMP may limit ascending bacterial infection.
Wideband radiation enhancement of waveguide arrays operated as feeds for reflector antennas using patch array covers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

[1] This work rigorously analyzes a periodic microstrip patch array printed on a dielectric slab and placed over an array of open-ended sidewall loaded rectangular waveguides. The method of moments using spectral Green's functions for multilayer structures is employed. The application selected to feature the computed results of this structure is array matching. This work thus investigates the ability of such patch arrays to improve the transmission levels of waveguide arrays over those of uncovered ones. The matching performance is also compared with conventional dielectric sheath-type tuners. Two array operation scenarios are studied: direct radiating phased arrays, and focal plane arrays as feeds for reflectors. Earlier studies of the latter scenario show that the decoupling efficiency tends to be poor at low frequencies, due to the electrical proximity between the waveguide elements. It will be demonstrated here that both forms of matching layers can be tuned to provide good matching at low frequencies. This study has opted to investigate the beneficial effects of the sheet and the patch array over a wide frequency band, rather than its optimization over a selected narrow band. Such optimizations can be done in practice for known specific operating bands.
PLASMA-2013: International Conference on Research and Applications of Plasmas (Warsaw, Poland, 2–6 September 2013)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The PLASMA-2013 International Conference on Research and Applications of Plasmas was held in Warsaw (Poland) from 2 to 6 September 2013. The conference was organized by the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, under the auspices of the Polish Physical Society. The scope of the PLASMA conferences, which have been organized every two years since 1993, covers almost all issues of plasma physics and fusion research as well as selected problems of plasma technology.
TLR4 expression in human gallbladder carcinoma cell Line SGC-996 and affects growth of xenograft tumor in nude mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the expression of TLR4 in human gallbladder cancer cell line SGC-996,and investigate whether RNA interference targeting TLR4 gene affect growth of the gallbladder carcinoma xenograft in nude mice. Methods The expression of TLR4 in SGC-996 was determined bv im-munohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR). 12 BALA/C nude mice were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was injected 6 x 10 SGC996 cells stable transfected by small interfering RNA for TLR4 per mice. The control group was injected with the same number of untreated SGC996 cells. Aftter continuous observation for 5 weeks, the formation rate, growth rate, weight and volume of the tumors were measured and calculated. Results The results of immunohistochem-istry and RT-PCR indicated the expression of TLR4 in SGC-996. The tumor formation rate of gallbladder carcinoma cell and TLR4-siRNA transfected SGC996 cell was 100%. The average tumor volume in experimental group and control group was (277.94±7.6 ) mm3 and (474.47±9.99) mm3 respectively. The growth rate was 7. 941% and 13. 556% ,and the average tumor weight was (0.76 ±0.16) g and (1.78± 0.23) g,respectively. The tumor growth rate,weight and volume in the experimental group decreased significantly when compared with those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Human gallbladder carcinoma cell line SGC-996 expresses TLR4. SGC-996 cells transfected with siRNA can effectively lower the level of TLR4 gene expression. After silence of TLR4 gene,the growth rate,weight and volume of xenograft are decreased significantly.

Key words:
TLR4; Gallbladder carcinoma; RNA interference; Nude mice
Assessment of the Approximation Formula for the Calculation of Methane/Air Laminar Burning Velocities Used in Engine Combustion Models

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Especially for internal combustion engine simulations, various combustion models rely on the laminar burning velocity. With respect to computational time needed for CFD, the calculation of laminar burning velocities using a detailed chemical mechanism can be replaced by incorporation of approximation formulas, based on rate-ratio asymptotics. This study revisits an existing analytical approximation formula [<span class="xref">1</span>]. It investigates applicable temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio ranges with special focus on engine combustion conditions. The fuel chosen here is methane and mixtures are composed of methane and air. The model performance to calculate the laminar burning velocity are compared with calculated laminar burning velocities using existing state of the art detailed chemical mechanisms, the GRI Mech 3.0 [<span class="xref">2</span>], the ITV RWTH [<span class="xref">3</span>], and the Aramco mechanism [<span class="xref">4</span>]. The Aramco mechanism was chosen for further investigations, because it predicts very well new experimental data for ambient conditions presented in this work. Significant differences are observed between laminar burning velocities calculated with the original set of coefficients presented by Goettgens et al. [<span class="xref">1</span>] for the approximation formula and the Aramco mechanism. Hence, updated parameters for the approximation formulation are presented. The impact of the laminar burning velocity results on the combustion models is discussed.</div></div>
Cathodic Protection of Product Pipelines in a Refinery Using Deep Anode Groundbeds in an Area of Concern for Cross Contamination of Multiple Aquifers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An oil products manufacturing company near St. Louis, Missouri has a long pipe run containing many bare and coated pipelines that traverse an area of multiple aquifers between the refinery and the docks on the Mississippi River. The only practicable method of cathodic protection was impressed current deep anode groundbeds. Concern over cross contamination of underlying aquifers led to a special modification of the owner’s standard environmentally friendly deep anode design that would meet both the cathodic protection and special environmental requirements of the site.