jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Returns to Education Among Roma in Central and Eastern Europe and Their Policy Implications

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we analyze specific educational issues faced by Roma households using data from the UNDP/ILO survey conducted in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia in 2001. Roma situation is characterized by poverty, low educational achievements, and consequently limited employment opportunities. We believe that the core of this trap is insufficient education, nonpreparedness for entry into the labormarket of amarket economy. This is demonstrated by the existence of vital returns to education estimated for Roma households throughout the region. The patterns are similar over the whole region and hence the need for a systematic and common education policy of Roma is both necessary and beneficial.
Studies of Resistance to Aphids and Viruses in Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsicum annuum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes significant losses in crop production. In this study, methods to enhance plant resistance to CMV infection and infestation by Myzus persicae, a vector that transmits CMV, were assessed. There were two parts to the project. In the first, the feasibility of using exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application to induce resistance to CMV infection in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants were investigated. In the second, I investigated the basis of the heightened resistance to Myzus persicae infestation observed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying mutant alleles for Argonaute (AGO) 1 to determine if it was due to accumulation of a cyanogenic compound, 4-hydroxyindole carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN). Exogenous application of 1 mM SA to pepper plants prior to CMV inoculation induced resistance to CMV, which was exhibited as a delay in the onset of symptoms. The level of CMV disease incidence among the treated pepper plants was also lower than the control-treated CMV-inoculated plants by 22 days post inoculation. Thus, exogenous SA treatment may have potential to protect pepper plants. Mutations in the 4-OH-ICN biosynthetic genes cyp82C2 or fox1 did not diminish the resistance to aphids observed in Arabidopsis ago1.25 mutant plants. Aphid growth rates and fecundity on ago1/cyp82C2 or fox1/ago1 mutant plants did not significantly differ from aphid performance on wild-type plants. This indicates that deregulation of 4-OH-ICN biosynthesis does not contribute to aphid resistance in ago1 mutant Arabidopsis plants. Progeny of crosses involving ago1.25 mutant plants with mutant plants compromised in biosynthesis of SA (salicylic acid induction deficient 2, also called isochorismate synthase 1: ics1) were generated. Mutation in ICS1 affected the ago1.25 phenotype so that plants were less deformed and stunted and were less resistant to aphid infestation than ago1.25 plants. However, not all the ago1/ics1 progeny had milder phenotypes. The ago1.25/ics1 progeny that retained their ago1-like phenotypes also retained their heightened resistance to aphid infestation. However, the milder ago1-like phenotypes of the ago1.25/ics1 progeny cannot be explained by their ago1 and ics1 mutations. Results obtained with ago1.46/nahG cross indicated that SA accumulation is required for the ago1 developmental phenotype in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, a cross between ago1.25 mutant plant and a transgenic plant expressing the 2b RNA silencing suppressor protein of CMV were also generated. This cross resulted in plants which were severely deformed and with an even greater resistance to aphid infestation than their 2b transgenic or ago1.25 mutant parents. Many of the 2b/ago1 cross were sterile but a few of the cross formed siliques containing either few or no seeds at all.
SiHoneypot: A Digital Twin-Based Honeypot for Autonomous Vehicles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) stand as the vanguard of the automotive industry's evolution, offering a multitude of advantages in terms of transportation efficiency and applications of critical importance. Notably, their interconnection with various smart devices, such as smartphones and associated services, is achieved effortlessly. However, these merits are counterbalanced by significant security risks pertaining to human safety and the potential exposure of personal data. This work introduces SiHoneypot, an innovative honeypot system rigorously crafted to address security challenges intrinsic to AVs. SiHoneypot leverages Digital Twins and incorporates state-of-the-art trends in software deployment, providing a faithful emulation of Autonomous Vehicle systems. Demonstrating its efficacy as a strategic decoy, SiHoneypot affords sufficient time for other security systems to enact responsive measures. Experimental results underscore the minimal resources required for the deployment of SiHoneypot, emphasizing its operational efficiency and resource optimization. Moreover, the inherent extensibility and versatility of SiHoney-pot's architecture are showcased, illustrating its adaptability to evolving security challenges within the dynamic landscape of autonomous vehicular technologies.</p>
Changes in the Content of Some Groups of Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activity of Extracts of Various Parts of Heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) at Different Growth Stages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) is noted for a diverse chemical composition and a broad range of biological activity. The current study was aimed at monitoring changes in the accumulation of certain groups of phenolic compounds in various organs of heather (leaves, stems, roots, rhizomes, flowers, and seeds) at different growth stages (vegetative, floral budding, flowering, and seed ripening) as well as studying antioxidant (employing the DPPH and FRAP assays) and antibacterial activity of its extracts. The highest total amount of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and proanthocyanidins was detected in leaves and roots at all growth stages, except for the flowering stage. At the flowering stage, the highest content of some groups of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins) was observed in flowers. Highest antioxidant activity was recorded for the flower extracts (about 500 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram according to the DPPH assay) and for the leaf extract at the ripening stage (about 350 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram according to the FRAP assay). Strong correlation was noted between antioxidant activity (DPPH) and the content of anthocyanins (r = 0.75, p ≤ 0.01) as well as between antioxidant activity (FRAP) and the total content of phenolic compounds (r = 0.77, p ≤ 0.01). Leaf extracts and stem extracts turned out to perform antibacterial action against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, whereas root extracts appeared to be active only against B. subtilis, and rhizome extracts against E. coli.
Keratin: A Journey of Three Decades

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract During the past three decades, major progress has been made in our understanding of the processes which lead to the formation of a keratinized epidermis in normal and pathologic situations. Stimulated by clinical studies of exfoliative dermatitis and related diseases, a series of investigations have been performed which proved initially that the pathways and controls of epidermal protein synthesis were equivalent to protein synthetic pathways in all other tissues of the body. Keratin was identified as not only an insoluble protein which makes up the vast majority of the intracellular protein in the stratum corneum, but as a member of the intermediate filament family of cytoskeletal proteins. Of all such proteins, the keratins are most complex, occurring in two families separable on the basis of size, structure and isoelectric point. The keratin intermediate filaments are heteropolymers of two paired components, one from each family. The pairs of keratins which form the intermediate filaments in basal and differentiated layers of epidermis and other epithelia have been defined and antibodies to specific keratins are now being used for diagnostic purposes. Sophisticated biochemical, physicochemical, and molecular biologic studies have led to complete definitions of almost all the epithelial keratin molecules and to cloning of their genes. These genes are currently being used in analyses of control of keratin expression and definition of the specific abnormalities associated with “keratinopathies” including epidermolysis bullosa simplex and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.
Dynamic cis/trans isomerisation in a porphyrin–fullerene conjugate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A porphyrin with two fullerene substituents is prepared by condensation of a C60 aldehyde derivative and dipyrrol-2-yl methane and by reaction of a preconstructed porphyrin with C60 itself; it is obtained as a mixture of two conformers in slow equilibrium, as shown by a variable temperature NMR study.
Quinazolines. Part IX. Covalent hydration in the neutral species of substituted quinazolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The ratios of hydrated to anhydrous neutral species of twenty-eight quinazolines are found to be in the range 10–2–10–5. The effects of substituents on this ratio in the neutral species are shown to be comparable to those observed in the respective cations, and suggest that the factors influencing the amount of hydration in these two species are similar. The ionisation constants of the hydrated species of thirty-two quinazolines have been measured and the effects of substituents on these constants are discussed.
Discussion of ionization effects on the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in the ionosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An earlier derivation of a dispersion relation for acoustic-gravity waves in partially ionized atmospheres, valid to first order in the ionospheric Pedersen and Hall conductivities, is outlined briefly, and its implications, for more recent work in this area and work yet to come are assessed critically. One major implication is that the ion effects alter the relationship between the wave angular frequency ω and the components of the wave vector k, i.e., the dispersion equation, but they cannot by themselves determine specific changes in these individual quantities separately. The specific changes must instead be determined by boundary and initial conditions, as in other problems of wave propagation. Two particular cases of interest are outlined, to illustrate the different results that can arise.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pregnancy with Estimation of Feto-Maternal Outcome in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern globally. NAFLD has been linked with adverse pregnancy outcome. The prevalence of NAFLD among women in childbearing age is 10%. During pregnancy both physiologic and pathologic fluctuation in estrogen as well as rapid weight gain plays an important role in the development of NAFLD in mother and infant. Objective: To find out clinical and laboratory profile and pregnancy outcome of patients with fatty liver disease. Methods: We conducted this observational study between January through December 2017 in (pro-women, pro-poor) Ad-din Women Medical College Hospital in Maghbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. We enrolled 103 pregnant women who signed the consent (verbal) to participate in the study. Demographic and clinical information was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the patients was 27 years. During first trimester 18 patients were enrolled, 32 in second and 53 in third trimesters. Of 103, 3 (2.91%) patients had known history of fatty liver disease, 11 (10.68%) had hypertension, 11 (10.68%) had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) but none had previous history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Among all, 8 (7.76%) patients had previous pregnancy related complications and 32 (31%) had foetal complications including still birth, abortion, neonatal death and Intrauterine Device (IUD). Beside, 92 (89.3%) had grade 1, 10 (9.7%) had grade 2 and one (0.97%) patient had grade 3 fatty liver. 35 (32.4%) patients had high Fasting Blood Sugar level and 26 (24.1%) patients had positive Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). And, 31% patients had a high cholesterol level, none had abnormal HDL, 5.8% had high LDL and 78.6% had high TG. USG identified 3 patients with abnormal fetal profile and only 2 patients had adverse pregnancy outcome: one IUD and one abortion. Conclusions: Non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease increases the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Pregnant women should regularly screen for fatty liver disease for early detection and intervention. The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 10 (1), Jan 2022; p 33-37
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Digital Management Facing Difficulties and Solutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The advent of the digital era has provided strong technical support for the high-quality development of the social economy. The integration of the social economy with Internet technology has given rise to new industries. However, the traditional development model of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is increasingly unable to meet the demands of economic growth, and digital management has gradually become a key approach for these enterprises to achieve their development goals. Currently, SMEs face challenges such as talent shortages, insufficient funds, and a lack of awareness regarding transformation. This paper will analyze the difficulties SMEs encounter in implementing digital management and explore potential development paths for their digital transformation.
Sentencing the substance dependent offender

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Substance abuse is often regarded as a mitigating factor for the plea on sentence. However, there is considerable legal authority that in serious crimes it can function as an aggravating factor. The author analyses the status of alcohol and drug addiction as a psychiatric disorder under DSM‐III‐R. He argues in favour of stringent examination by sentencers of the impart of substance abuse on individuals' capacity to understand the consequences and qualities of their criminal actions before assessing the degree of blameworthiness that should be imputed to them. He maintains that this in turn holds important consequences for the determination of substance abusers' suitability for harsh punishment and the appropriateness of their being used as vehicles for general deterrence.
Mirror neurons in the tree of life: mosaic evolution, plasticity and exaptation of sensorimotor matching responses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Considering the properties of mirror neurons ( MNs ) in terms of development and phylogeny, we offer a novel, unifying, and testable account of their evolution according to the available data and try to unify apparently discordant research, including the plasticity of MNs during development, their adaptive value and their phylogenetic relationships and continuity. We hypothesize that the MN system reflects a set of interrelated traits, each with an independent natural history due to unique selective pressures, and propose that there are at least three evolutionarily significant trends that gave raise to three subtypes: hand visuomotor, mouth visuomotor, and audio–vocal. Specifically, we put forward a mosaic evolution hypothesis, which posits that different types of MNs may have evolved at different rates within and among species. This evolutionary hypothesis represents an alternative to both adaptationist and associative models. Finally, the review offers a strong heuristic potential in predicting the circumstances under which specific variations and properties of MNs are expected. Such predictive value is critical to test new hypotheses about MN activity and its plastic changes, depending on the species, the neuroanatomical substrates, and the ecological niche.
ADDITIVITY OF JORDAN TRIPLE PRODUCT HOMOMORPHISMS ON GENERALIZED MATRIX ALGEBRAS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, it is proved that under some conditions every bijective Jordan triple product homomorphism from generalized matrix algebras onto rings is additive. As a corollary, we obtain that every bijective Jordan triple product homomorphism from $M_n(\mathcal{A})$ ($\mathcal{A}$ is not necessarily a prime algebra) onto an arbitrary ring $\mathcal{R}^{\prime}$ is additive.
Healing time of experimentally induced distal limb wounds in horses is not reduced by local injection of equine-origin liquid amnion allograft

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of an equine-origin liquid amnion allograft (ELAA) derived from both amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane on the healing time of experimentally induced distal limb wounds in horses. ANIMALS 8 adult horses. PROCEDURES On day 0, horses were anesthetized and a 2.5 X 2.5-cm, full-thickness skin wound was created on the dorsal aspect of each metacarpus and bandaged. On day 9, wound margins were injected with ELAA (treatment) or 0.9% NaCl (control). Bandages were changed at specific intervals through day 91 and, on each occasion, wounds were photographed to allow calculation of wound area. Exuberant granulation tissue was resected, if present. Wounds were deemed healed when completely epithelialized. Mean wound area was compared between groups throughout the study period. RESULTS Only 1 wound (control) remained unhealed at day 91. No difference was found between the treatment and control groups in either wound area over time ( P = 1.0) or time for wounds to reduce in size by 95% ( P = .2) Exuberant granulation tissue required resection twice (1 control wound and 1 treatment wound). CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this model, a single treatment with ELAA administered locally by SC injection did not accelerate distal limb wound healing in horses. However, it is possible that naturally occurring, chronic, or nonhealing wounds would respond differently.
Warfare rather than agriculture as a critical influence on fires in the late Holocene, inferred from northern Vietnam

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Fire has played an essential role in the development of human civilization. Most previous research suggests that frequent-fire regimes in the late Holocene were associated with intensification of human activities, especially agriculture development. Here, we analyze fire regimes recorded in the Song Hong delta area of Vietnam over the past 5,000 years. In the prehistoric period, 2 long-term, low-charcoal abundance periods have been linked to periods of low humidity and cool climate, and 5 short-term fire regimes of 100–150 years in duration occurred at regular intervals of ≈700 years. However, over the last 1,500 years, the number, frequency, and intensity of fire regimes clearly increased. Six intensified-fire regime periods in northern Vietnam during this time coincided with changes of Vietnamese dynasties and associated warfare and unrest. In contrast, agricultural development supported by rulers of stable societies at this time does not show a positive correlation with intensified-fire regime periods. Thus, warfare rather than agriculture appears to have been a critical factor contributing to fire regimes in northern Vietnam during the late Holocene.
Table S3 from CD47 Expression Defines Efficacy of Rituximab with CHOP in Non–Germinal Center B-cell (Non-GCB) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients (DLBCL), but Not in GCB DLBCL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Uni- and multivariate analysis of R-CHOP treated DLBCL patients</p>
Observations on the Genus Ocys Stephens, 1828 (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Following the separation of Ocys harpaloides (Audinet-Serville, 1821) and Ocys tachysoides (Antoine, 1933), mapped together under Bembidion harpaloides by Luff (1998), comments on their British distribution and ecological affinities are provided and O. harpaloides is added to the fauna of the Greek Ionian Islands. Ocys quinquestriatus (Gyllenhal, 1810) is described inhabiting a post-mature fruit tree in suburban Somerset.
Bronchoscopic lung lavage and exogenous surfactant successfully reverse respiratory failure after severe chlorine exposure: A pediatric case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message Although the symptoms of accidental chlorine inhalation are typically mild, severe exposure can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We present a case of pediatric ARDS due to chlorine exposure in which lung lavage and exogenous surfactant were successful in avoiding more invasive and costly treatments. Abstract Chlorine inhalation as a result of swimming pool chlorination accidents is relatively common. Because symptoms are typically mild (cough and bronchospasm), complications such as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are identified at a late stage, which places the patient's life at risk and necessitates highly invasive interventions. We present a case of severe ARDS in a 14‐year‐old boy following accidental exposure to chlorine powder. Upon arrival in the pediatric emergency department, the patient received oxygen administration, nebulized salbutamol, and intravenous steroids because of dyspnea and cyanosis. Despite this treatment, the patient's respiratory condition deteriorated. Early intubation and lung‐protective ventilation transitorily improved hypoxemia. Given the underlying pathophysiology of chlorine lung injury characterized by surfactant dysfunction, the boy was treated with repeated bronchoscopic lung lavages followed by exogenous surfactant (Curosurf 30 mg/kg total), 1 h after intubation and subsequently after 6 and 12 h, when he achieved a significant and stable reduction in ventilatory requirements. This case study illustrates the beneficial effects of target therapy with bronchoscopic lung lavage followed by exogenous surfactant in chlorine related ARDS to prevent more invasive and costly treatments.
Necrotizing perineal infections.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Necrotizing perineal infections ("Fournier's gangrene") are polymicrobial, gas producing, and rapidly progressive. Rapid resuscitation and adequate debridement are essential in the early treatment of these infections. Repeat debridements under anesthesia, attention to nutrition and finally reconstructive surgery are important in the subsequent treatment. Three patients with necrotizing infections are presented to illustrate these points and increase awareness of this condition.