jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rate coefficients of decomposition of azoethane and azoisopropane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The thermal decompositions of azoethane and azoisopropane were studied in a large excess of ethylene in the temperature interval of 523–623 K. It was demonstrated that under such conditions, the bulk of the alkyl radicals react with ethylene. Via measurements on the consumption of the azo compound and on the formation of gaseous nitrogen, it was possible to determine the rate coefficients of the initiation reactions: . The resulting data were as follows: For azoethane, . For azoisopropane,
Phenotype and Function of Bone Marrow Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The aims of this project are to determine the phenotype and antileukemic activity of activated bone marrow infiltrating leukemia (MIL) and compare them to activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) on imatinib or other tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens were obtained from CML patients who had at least a minor cytogenetic response. The phenotype of MILs and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was analyzed by flow cytometry. MILs and PBLs were expanded and activated with anti CD3/CD28 magnetic beads in culture for 10 days. Activated MILs and PBLs were characterized by flow cytometry and tested for antileukematic activity in a colony suppression assay by coculture with CD34+ bone marrow progenitors at varying CD3:CD34 ratios in methycullulose medium. Analysis of the phenotype of MILs from four patients showed that MILs are predominantly comprised of effector memory T cells. These MILs could be expanded effectively without change in phenotype. MILs as well as activated PBLs showed ability to suppress CML progenitor growth in vitro.
<title>Modeling and construction of new detector for nondestructive magnetic testing</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper is oriented on modelling, construction and testing of new design of magnetic defectoscope for nondestructive inspection of pipes. This defectoscope is determined for protection of tube in steam generator of electric power station. This approach allows shifting the accuracy limit to be better than 0.3% for internal and external defects.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Service industry to provide employment in rural Russia and provide sustainability – Republic of Karelia case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of the paper is to analyses the development of the service industry in Russian Federation to understand whether the country crossed the threshold of the postindustrial economy. We see that the development of service industry in Russia not stable and shows decline. At the same time, service industry gives new options to rural people and rural territory to broaden economic diversity and make it less damaged by mining activities. The service sector provides new opportunities for rural people in search of a job. The authors revise the average month wages in different economic sectors in the Republic of Karelia. The first objective is to find out the sectors with the highest wages. But the second and the most important objective was to find average wages in services sectors and weather they can attract people to village. Authors revise main problem preventing the development of service sector, notably, info communicational services and proposes some solutions.
On the possibility of creating single-electron states in quantum dots in a magnetic field for problems of optical quantum computations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of creating pure and entangled states for the optical implementation of quantum computations, as well as a number of tasks involving the formation of active media on quantum dots, requires the formulation of conditions under which they contain exactly one bound energy level. The critical conditions are studied for the appearance of the first bound single-electron state, localized on a spherical quantum dot of small size in an external magnetic field. A simple analytical representation is obtained for the wave function of such a state, and the equation for determining its binding energy is formulated and solved. The results are compared with the well-known delta-potential approximation. It is shown that a bound level appears in an empty quantum dot only when the magnetic field exceeds a definite threshold value.
ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF CONYZA AEGYPTIACA (L.) DRYAND EX. AITON IS IMPROVED BY SWIMMING IN RAT.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Conyza aegyptiaca (C. aegyptiaca) is one medicinal plant used for the treatment of diabetes by African populations. We showed previously that C. aegyptiaca is not toxic in rats, prevents hepatic glucose release and has anti-hyperglycemic properties. In addition to medical treatment, clinicians recommend the practice of Sport and Physical Activity (SPA) in diabetics. Objective: To determine C. aegyptiaca extracts anti-diabetic effect alone and with SPA in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) transaminases, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), Creatinine (Creat.), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) were measured using ELITech reagents. Results: C. aegyptiaca extracts decreased significantly glucose level in diabetic rats compared to control. SPA induced a further decrease in blood glucose in the group treated with Eth. Ext. (p=0.045). In diabetic rats without treatment, SPA induced a significant decrease in blood glucose on day 14 (p=0.047) compared to untrained rats. C. aegyptiaca extracts combined with SPA significantly decreased Creat. (p=0.008), ASAT (p=0.0007), ALT (p=0.045), LDL-C (p=0.01), TG (p=0.007), CT (p=0.045) and increased HDL-C (p=0.008), Na+ (p=0.047) level in diabetic rats compared to untrained diabetic. Conclusion: Our results suggest that C. aegyptiaca has greater antidiabetic properties when aqueous extracted, and the practice of SPA improves these properties.
Learning of membership functions of fuzzy behaviours for a mobile robot control system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a learning algorithm to automatically learn membership functions of fuzzy behaviours for a mobile robot reactive control system. Genetic algorithms are used to implement the learning processes. The learning process emphasises the functionalities of individual behaviours, various types of training environments and a simple-to-complex multistage learning course for the purpose of building a real world mobile robot. The effectiveness of the algorithm is presented.
Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Avian malaria is believed to be one of the main factors in the extinction of the native Hawaiian avifauna. An epizoological investigation of the disease was conducted in the Hawaiian Islands primarily to determine whether avian malaria was present in Hawaii. The birds were collected from the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and Hawaii, at different elevations for a period of three years. Blood samples were taken either from the main wing vein, or from the toe nail. Blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa's stain. Histological preparations for the study of the exoerythrocytic stage of the parasites were also made. A total of 4,988 blood smears from 2,604 birds representing 38 species of native and introduced birds was examined. Plasmodium circumflexum Kikuth, P. gallinaceum Brumpt, P. cathemerium Hartman, and probably P. matutinum (Huff), were found in six species of native and introduced birds. Significantly, these records are the first authenticated reports of these parasites from the Pacific Islands, and this is the first time that P. circumflexum has been reported from this part of the world. The presence of P. gallinaceum indicates that this parasite has accompanied its host to many parts of the tropics. Blood smears taken from pigeons and doves indicated that some of these birds were infected with Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon. It was found that 65 percent of the pigeons were infected with Haemoproteus. The doves, however, did not seem to be infected by this pathogen. Although both pigeons and doves were infected by the Leucocytozoon, the incidence was relatively low. Only four percent of the two species of birds were infected. This is the first record for Leucocytozoon from the Hawaiian Islands. The presence of the larvae of the potential vector of avian malaria, Culex pipiens quinguefasciatus Say, in a water container at 6511 feet elevation indicates that probably one of the limiting factors in the vertical distribution of Culex is the availability of suitable habitats.
Height of the Region of Intense Turbulent Heat Exchange in a Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Part 1–Evaluation Technique and Statistics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The height of the region of intense turbulent heat exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed based on experimental data obtained using acoustic meteorological locators (sodars), temperature profilers, and ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers. The main aim of the work is to study the turbulent heat exchange under conditions of temperature inversions in winter. Results obtained in a territory with a natural landscape and in an urbanized territory in January–February 2020 are considered. In the first part of the paper, the technique for experimental data acquisition and statistics of temperature inversions in the boundary layer and heights of the layer of intense turbulent heat exchange are described.
Association Between Educational Attainment and Causes of Death Among White and Black US Adults, 2010-2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this serial cross-sectional study, estimated life expectancy at age 25 years declined overall between 2010 and 2017; however, it declined among persons without a 4-year college degree and increased among college-educated persons. Much of the increasing educational differences in years of life lost may be related to deaths attributed to drug use.
RNAi Induced Gene Silencing Journey from Simple dsRNA to High-Throughput Intron Hairpin RNA Construct in Crop Improvement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process in which short interfering RNA (siRNA) act to inactivate the expression of target genes. The tremendous work done by many research groups around the globe have contributed in deciphering the RNAi pathway. Understanding the role of siRNA and machinery involved in RNAi pathway led to application of this pathway as technique in therapeutic applications and crop improvement. The specificity of siRNA in interacting the target sequence helped to understand the complex pathways and role of major genes involved. Here we have reviewed the journey involved in understanding RNAi pathway and in vitro use of dsRNA to induce RNAi machinery against the target gene. It explains the advances achieved in vector construction from simple RNA construct to high-throughput ihpRNA constructs for higher efficiency in target-specific gene silencing for crop improvement.
Descriptive epidemiology of marine anemia in seapen-reared salmon in southern British Columbia.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Marine anemia, also known as plasmacytoid leukemia, is a recently described disease of farmed Pacific salmon in British Columbia. Most of what is known about the disease has been generated through laboratory studies or field investigations of severely affected farms. The goals of this study were to determine the range of the spatial and temporal distribution of naturally occurring marine anemia, identify potential risk factors, and provide an initial description of the impact of the disease on commercial salmon farms in British Columbia. Data were obtained from mail surveys, farm visits, and reviews of clinical and laboratory records. An attempt was made to evaluate negative, as well as mildly, moderately, and severely affected sites. The results showed marine anemia to be widely distributed throughout the major salmon farming regions in British Columbia. The disease was most commonly diagnosed in August and September, when water temperatures were at their seasonal peaks. A wide variety of lineage's and fish sources were associated with the disease. The average mortality rate attributed to marine anemia was 6% (range 2.5% to 11%). The peak occurrence of the disease was associated with a peak in the occurrence of other infectious and inflammatory diseases. The broad demographic distribution of marine anemia, coupled with its endemic nature, indicated that the disease is unlikely to be due to the recent introduction of a new pathogen and that causal factors are widespread in southern British Columbia. It is concluded that the significance of diagnosing marine anemia is not that it is predictive of an impending epidemic of mortality, but that it is an indicator of the general pattern of disease on a farm.
Queer Turkey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Before President Erdogan's repressive politics took hold, queer cultures were more visible than ever in Turkey. Queer Turkey offers a broad range of reflections on queer Turkish cultures within a transnational, Euro-American context. Based on his experience in Istanbul, Ralph J. Poole shares his impressions of queer desires between Muslim tradition and global pop, observes what goes on in the hamam, and wonders about Arabesk culture. The book features discussions of queer travel writers, poets, playwrights, and film directors. Their multifarious works manifest the subtle and subversive ways in which artists crisscross the cultural borders of East and West. With its many facets of Turkish-Euro-American cultural interactions, Queer Turkey outlines a kaleidoscope of transnational poetics.
Rotor Thermal Monitoring Scheme for Direct-Torque-Controlled Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines via High-Frequency Rotating Flux or Torque Injection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drives are widely employed in electric traction systems and various industrial processes. However, prolonged exposure to high temperatures while operating can demagnetize the permanent magnets to the point of irreversible demagnetization. In addition, direct measurements with infrared sensors or contact-type sensors with wireless communication can be expensive and intrusive to the motor drive systems. This paper thus proposes a nonintrusive thermal monitoring scheme for the permanent magnets inside the direct-torque-controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous machines. By applying an external high-frequency rotating flux or torque signal to the hysteresis torque controller in the motor drive, the high-frequency currents can be injected into the stator windings. The permanent magnet temperature can thus be monitored based on the induced high-frequency resistance. The nonintrusive nature of the method is indicated by the elimination of the extra sensors and no hardware change to the existing system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with experimental results.
Total serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and serum cholesterol in relation to secretor status and blood groups in myocardial infarction patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relation of total serum alkaline phosphatase and serum cholesterol in convalescing patients of myocardial infarction with secretor status and blood groups have been studied. Serum cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels showed significant difference in secretors (98) and nonsecretors (56) in myocardial groups. Total cholesterol and total serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed significant difference in secretors when blood groups A and O are compared. While in nonsecretors, significant values obtained in A/O, A/B for cholesterol and A/B, A/AB for alkaline phosphatase levels.
Biocompatible Colloidal Dispersions as Potential Formulations of Natural Pyrethrins: A Structural and Efficacy Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biocompatible colloidal dispersions of the micro- and nanoemulsion type based on lemon oil terpenes, polysorbates, water, and glycerol were used for the formulation of pyrethrins, botanical insecticides derived from the white pyrethrum daisy, Tanacetum cinerariifolium. The proposed formulation is based on pyrethrin-containing water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions that could be diluted in one step with an aqueous phase to obtain kinetically stable oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions. Structural characteristics of the micro- and nanoemulsions were evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electrical conductivity. Dynamic properties of the surfactant monolayer as evidenced by EPR measurements were affected by the water content, the surfactant, and also the presence of the biocide. DLS and SAXS experiments of the nanoemulsions indicated the existence of two populations of oil droplets dispersed in the aqueous phase, globular droplets of 36-37 nm in diameter, and also larger droplets with diameters >150 nm. All of the applied techniques for structural determination revealed the participation of the biocide in the nanostructure. The insecticidal effect of the encapsulated natural pyrethrin was evaluated in laboratory bioassays upon a target-insect pest, the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in eggplant, and was found to be increased compared to the commercial pyrethrin formulation.
A structured DC analysis methodology for accurate verification of analog circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a structured DC analysis methodology for analog circuit verification. The electrical simulator, usually executed to perform verification, is here replaced by a nonlinear DC solver based on the analysis bipartite graph. The analysis bipartite graph, associated to a circuit, is a formal representation of the circuit DC behavior. Thus, the analysis bipartite graph evaluation provides transistors currents and internal nodes voltages to meet the Kirchhoff's laws in the circuit. Currents and voltages are computed by dedicated operators using the fixed point iteration algorithm. Computed results accuracy is guaranteed by the standard transistor models used within the operators. The proposed verification methodology is efficiently applied on a folded cascode amplifier with several technologies.
In vivo evidence for the role of the epsilon subunit as an inhibitor of the proton-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The function of the epsilon subunit of the Escherichia coli proton-translocating ATPase has been examined by using a mutant defective in the uncC gene. Strains with a defective uncC gene show a reduction in both growth yield and growth rate that is more severe than for other unc mutants; this deleterious effect is shown to be a result of the ATPase activity of the F1 complex which is missing the epsilon subunit. In addition, the epsilon-deficient F1 is bound less tightly to the membrane. These data suggest that, in vivo, the epsilon subunit is capable of inhibiting the ATPase activity of F1 and also functions in the binding of F1 to F0.
Enabling knowledge brokerage intermediaries to be evidence-informed

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Target audience: What Works Centres; other intermediary brokerage agencies; their funders and users; and researchers of research use. Background: Knowledge brokerage and knowledge mobilisation (KM) are generic terms used to describe activities to enable the use of research evidence to inform policy, practice and individual decision making. Knowledge brokerage intermediary (KBI) initiatives facilitate such use of research evidence. This debate paper argues that although the work of KBIs is to enable evidence-informed decision making (EIDM), they may not always be overt and consistent in how they follow the principles of EIDM in their own practice. Key points for discussion: Drawing on examples from existing brokerage initiatives, four areas are suggested where KBIs could be more evidence-informed in their work: (1) needs analysis: evidence-informed in their analysis of where and how the KBI can best contribute to the existing evidence ecosystem; (2) methods and theories of change: evidence-informed in the methods that the KBI uses to achieve its goals; (3) evidence standards: credible standards for making evidence claims; and (4) evaluation and monitoring: evidence-informed evaluation of their own activities and contribution to the knowledge base on evidence use. For each of these areas, questions are suggested for considering the extent that the principles are being followed in practice. Conclusions and implications: KBIs work with evidence but they may not always be evidence-informed in their practice. KBIs could benefit from more overtly attending to the extent that they apply the logic of EIDM to how they work. In doing so, KBIs can advance both the study, and practice, of using research evidence to inform decision making.
Detonation flows of explosives containing compressible inert particles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study employs a combination of numerical and analytical techniques to examine the detonation flows of explosives containing compressible inert particles. A two-phase numerical model incorporating the compressibility of the particles is developed, and the two-phase detonation process is simulated under the Lagrangian framework, where the explosive and the particles are treated as a fluid and discrete spheres, respectively. For small velocity difference between phases, a perturbation method is utilized for the analysis of the dynamics of the detonation front, the detonation product, and the particles. The effects of the particles' compressibility and material density are examined in detail. The results show that the material density of the particles exerts a linear influence on the detonation flow of the explosive, while the effects of the particle compressibility are much more complex. An increase in the particle's material density or compressibility can reduce the velocities of both the detonation front and the flowing-stagnant boundary. The jump of the particle volume fraction across the detonation front relies on the particle compressibility. For more compressible particles, the particle volume fraction exhibits a non-monotonic behavior in the flowing region. A concise scaling law is also obtained for the velocity difference between phases. The present research provides a quantitative prediction to the effects of compressible particles on the detonation flows of explosives.