jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improved Rates in the Empirical Bayes Monotone Multiple Decision Problem $\operatorname{MLR}$ Family

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the context of the two-action, linear loss, exponential family multiple decision problem, Van Houwelingen (1973), (1976) has shown that faster rates of convergence are deducible for monotone empirical Bayes procedures than result from application of the bound established for general empirical Bayes procedures by Johns and Van Ryzin (1972). This note generalizes a (1973) Van Houwelingen bound to arbitrary $k$-action, monotone loss, MLR family multiple decision problems. An example is given to show that the result is a useful alternative to the recent Van Ryzin and Susarla (1977) multiple decision problem generalization of Johns and Van Ryzin.
Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support dan Work Environment terhadap Employee Performance melalui Employee Engagement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to study the effect of perceived organizational support and work environment on employee performance through employee engagement at bank employees in the city of Surabaya. This study use a type of causality research that use quantitative. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling with the number of respondents as many as 85 people at bank employees in the city of Surabaya. The statistical analysis in this study used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the support of Smart PLS 3.3.3 software. The result shows that perceived organizational support and work environment wasn’t significant positive effect on employee performance, perceived organizational support was not significant positive on employee engagement, work environment has positive and significant effect on employe engagement, employee engagement has positive and significant effect on employee performance, perceived organizational support hasn’t indirect effect on employee performance through employee engagement, work environment has an indirect effect on employee performance through employee engagement.
Determination of human plasma concentration of lamotrigine with high performance liquid chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To establish the HPLC method for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma.Methods The analysis was conducted on a Kromasil C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm) with methnol:5mmol/L biphosphate sodium=45∶55(v/v)in the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0ml/min and the column temperature was 30℃.The detection wavelength was set at 225nm,and injection volume was 20 μl.Linezolid was used as the internal standard for detecting plasma concentration of lamotrigine.Results When plasma concentration of lamotrigine was in the range of 0.5-50μg/ml,the regression equation was as follows.Y=0.1054C+0.2267(r=0.9998)with a good linear relationship.The method recovery ratio was 97.47%to 103.21%,the extraction recovery ratio was 97.19%to 104.33%.The within-day precision and day to day precision were 2.67%to 5.38% and 2.64%to 4.45%,respectively.Conclusion The method mentioned above is simple,accurate and reproducible,which can be used for testing plasma concentration of lamotrigine and pharmacokinetic study.
Gonadal Developments of West African Freshwater Crab (Sudanonautes Africanus, Milne–Edwards, 1869) on the Banks of Asejire Reservoir, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper was on the developmental changes that take place inside the eggs of the fresh water crab ( Sudanonuates africanus ) from Asejire reservoir in Ibadan Nigerian. The egg consist of two layers a thick outer membrane and a thin inner membrane that encloses the fluid- filled embryonic sac. Development in this species took up to 77 days, after which the free- living juvenile hatching crab emerged from the egg. During developmental the embryo underwent a series of morphological changes that corresponded to the free living larval stages of marine crabs and the yolk mass decreased in size and changed color (from yellow, to orange brown and finally off- white) the eggs remained attached to the pleopods in the females abdominal brood pouch during development and showed a great deal of independence from water embryos developed normally whether they were immersed in water or in air. Keywords: Crab, Egg, Fecundity, Fresh water, Gonads
Research on the Homogenization Development of Beihai-Qinzhou-Fang Chenggang Urban Industries under Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomerations in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the homogenized development of three closely related cities in Guangxi Province of China. The cities are Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fang Chenggang (otherwise called Beiqinfang ), as an important part of Beibu Gulf urban agglomerations in China.The paper explored the current situation of Beiqinfang urban industries through quantitative research methods, applied correlation degree measurement index to conduct effective measurement on the isomorphism of Beiqinfang urban industrial development, in order to understand the current situation of industrial isomorphism among those areas, establish industrial dislocation development among Beiqinfang cities, and how to achieve sustainable development.We recommend that the three cities should actively avoid the mutual competition among them, so as to achieve effective resource allocation and prevent industrial homogenization. Keywords: Urban agglomeration, City industry, Homogenization development, Beibu Gulf, China DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-8-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B among HIV Positive Patients Receiving Haart at Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Benue State: A Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have overlapping transmission and contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of HIV infected patients. This study aims to assess Hepatitis B prevalence among HIV positive patients on HAART at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi. Methods: A total of 250 study participants were involved in a cohort study design using a consecutive sampling technique. A pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, risk factors from respondents in 3 months, from September to November 2023. While the prevalence of HBV co-infection was tested using Serum samples from individuals using VITROS HBsAg Reagent Pack (Ref 680 1322). Chi square was used to test association between socio-demographic and HBV/HIV co-infection. Binary regression analysis was used to test independent predictors of HBV co-infection. All test were carried out at 9% C.I using SPSS version 26.0. Results: HBV/HIV co-infection rate was 14%, with a mean age of 44 years and a male to female sex ratio of 1:3. The findings further shows that prevalence was higher in respondents with low education level (17.9%), multiple sexual partners (31.0%), sharing of sharps/blades (25.9%), and alcohol use (31.0%) and were significant independent predictors of HBV/HIV co-infection. Low education level (COR=2.419), MSP (COR=3.600), Sharing of sharps/blades (COR=2.674), alcohol use (COR=3.271). Sex, age, religion, marital status, employment status, smoking and BMI were not significantly associated with HBV co-infection. Conclusion: The high frequency of HBV/HIV coinfection (14%) demonstrates the disease's endemicity and is, thus, a crucial indicator that needs to be taken into account. There is a need for enhanced public health awareness to address risk behaviors and promote health through widespread testing and immunizations.
Evaluation of a mountain pine beetle infestation in second-growth ponderosa pine on the Crow Indian Reservation, Montana, 1979

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mountain pine beetle infestation in Corral, Little Corral, and Cache Creeks on the Crow Indian Reservation, Montana has been increasing for the past several years. Trees killed per acre averaged 38.8 in 1979. Our predictions for the future trend of the infestation, plus management alternatives to lessen its severity, are outlined in this report.
Role of non-governmental organizations in global health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Global health also refers to 'inherently global health issues', that is, health-determining phenomena that transcend national borders and political jurisdictions, such as globalization and climate change. NGOs include charitable and religious associations that mobilize private funds for development, distribute food and family planning services and promote community organization. They also include independent cooperatives, community associations, water-user societies, women's groups and pastoral associations. To contribute to shared global health objectives, NGOs should work in close partnership with a wide array of international agencies and institutions to shape global health policies and to fund, implement, and evaluate programs. Non-governmental organizations are a basic element in the representation of the modern world. And their participation in international organizations is in a way a guarantee of the latter's political legitimacy. From the stand point of global democratization, we need the participation of international public opinion and the mobilizing powers of non-governmental organizations.
Transition Plan For the Technology Demonstration of the Joint Network Defence and Management System (JNDMS)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : In todays modern warfare environment the ability to conduct Network Enabled Operations has become crucial to the success of any military organization. This dependence on the networks and the information superiority that they provide has heightened the requirement to understand how networks may be vulnerable and to defend against cyber threats that may attempt to exploit these vulnerabilities. The Joint Network Defence and Management System (JNDMS) Technology Demonstrator (TD) has successfully demonstrated the value of combining the domains of enterprise network management with network security management to provide comprehensive Situational Awareness (SA) for Computer Network Defence (CND) to the Canadian Forces. Through numerous experiments and demonstrations, culminating with the demonstration of a full system deployment on the Defence Research Experimental Network, the project has shown that the costs, risks and complexities of engineering such a system can be greatly reduced by the integration of currently available Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) products into a flexible, open standards-based system architecture. The final activity for the JNDMS TD is to illustrate a path to operations that describes a feasible approach for evolving the Technology Demonstration System to a full implementation on theDND networks. This report contains recommendations which will greatly reduce the risk and associated costs of following this path. A great deal of effort during the JNDMS TD has been focused on mitigating the risks involved with transitioning the demonstration system to a fully operational deployment.
Deuteration Effect of Ferroelectricity and Permittivity on Homochiral Zinc Coordination Compound

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hydrothermal [2+3] cycloaddition reactions of N-4'-caynobenzylcinchonidine bromide (CBCBr) with NaN3 in the presence of ZnBr2 offer a novel Zn dimer (CBC−N4)2ZnBr2(N3)2(X2O), X = H for 1 and D for 2) in which the reactant Br- and N3- take part in the coordination to Zn. The measurements of ferroelectricity and permittivity of 1 and 2 show that there exists a large deuterated effect both in ferroelectric behavior (40% increase) and in dielectric constant (2.75 times increase), which is unprecedented in metal coordination compounds.
Understanding and researching complexity with Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Evaluating transportation infrastructure projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article proposes a complexity-informed framework for evaluating transportation infrastructure projects. The article does this through four steps. First, the properties of infrastructure development projects are discussed. This leads to the conclusion that the specific locality or contextualization of a given project is important for explaining the outcome. Hence, there is a need for an ontology and epistemology that addresses the importance of this contextualization. The second step concerns the development of the prerequisites for a methodological framework that follows from this epistemology and ontology. The third step is the assessment of common infrastructure evaluation methods against these prerequisites. This leads to the conclusion that a comparative case-based approach is the most suitable way to study the relationship between context and outcomes in projects. A framework based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is presented in the fourth step. The article concludes with a discussion of the further development of QCA.
Comparative action of calpain on erythrocyte Ca2+-pumping ATPase in sickle cell anaemia, essential hypertension and kwashiorkor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Calpain, a calcium-dependent, neutral cysteine-protease was purified from the erythrocyte cytosol of subjects having essential hypertension (HTN), sickle cell anaemia, (SCA), or kwashiorkor (KWA). Identical electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel, sensitivity to micromolar amounts of Ca2+, absolute requirement for a reducing environment and a high susceptibility to inhibition by leupeptin and thiol-group modifying reagents confirm that calpain preparations from these erythrocytes are equivalent to calpain I. Whereas the extent of calpain activation of erythrocyte membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPase of normal subjects was almost equal to that due to calmodulin, calpain activation of the HTN and SCA pump was greater than activation by calmodulin. Like in normal membranes, exogenous calmodulin protected the Ca2+-pumping ATPase of these erythrocytes against calpainization; the degree of protection by calmodulin is least in SCA and HTN. Electrophoretic separation of erythrocyte membranes and the purified Ca2+-pumping ATPase of HTN, SCA and KWA subjects does not indicate the presence of fragments resulting from the proteolytic action of calpain.
The Juridical Analysis of Role & Responsibility of Notaries in Dispute Settlement with Mediation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This journal will explore and discuss in order to be able to analyze and be able to find out about Juridical Analysis of the Role and Responsibilities of Notaries in Settlement of Disputes by Mediation/Peace. In this case Problem A peace deed is an agreement between two or more parties in which they request legal force assisted by a mediator in accepting and carrying out the contents of the agreed agreement. Peace decisions have executive power as described in Article 1858 of the Civil Code (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code), Article 130 HIR paragraphs 2 and 3. Based on this, the peace agreement resulting from a dispute resolution process must be stated in written form, it aims to prevent the re-emergence of the same dispute in the future. This legal research aims to find out what is the role of a notary in settlement with peace outside the court and how is the responsibility of a notary in resolving disputes against a peace deed made before a notary and what is the legal force of a peace deed made before a notary. In this case deed of peace can be in the form of an underhand deed or an authentic deed made by a notary. This research is a normative juridical research that is used is the approach, namely: the juridical approach is used for research that refers to existing literature studies or to the secondary data used. While the normative approach is used to obtain normative knowledge about the relationship between one regulation and another and its application in practice. Types of legal materials used: Primary Legal Materials, Secondary Legal Materials and Tertiary Legal Materials obtained through literature study and data obtained from related parties. That is in Juridical Analysis of the Roles and Responsibilities of Notaries in Settlement of Disputes Amicably
Leveraging technological factors and strategic alliances to achieve sustainable development goals

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The United Nations General Assembly approved the 2030 Development Agenda proposal, which included 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 related targets. Many countries have committed to achieving these SDGs by 2030. Through access to resources and information, connectivity, and research activities, technology, and innovation policies are important in achieving the SDGs. However, how the 2030 development agenda can harness technologies and innovations to achieve the SDGs by 2030 remains a challenge. We identified eight factors related to technology and innovation that should be considered for SDG success by 2030. We looked at how the identified factors interacted and linked them to the SDGs. The modified total interpretive structural modelling (m-TISM) technique is used to develop a hierarchical model and define the common interconnections between the identified technological factors. The implications of the findings are interpreted and discussed.
Characterization of C3larvinA, a novel RhoA-targeting ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin produced by the honey bee pathogen,Paenibacillus larvae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract C3larvinA is a putative virulence factor produced by Paenibacillus larvae enterobacterial-repetitive-intergenic-consensus (ERIC) III/IV (strain 11-8051). Biochemical, functional and structural analyses of C3larvinA revealed that it belongs to the C3-like mono-ADP-ribosylating toxin subgroup. Mammalian RhoA was the target substrate for its transferase activity suggesting that it may be the biological target of C3larvinA. The kinetic parameters of the NAD+ substrate for the transferase (KM = 75 ± 10 µM) and glycohydrolase (GH) (KM = 107 ± 20 µM) reactions were typical for a C3-like bacterial toxin, including the Plx2A virulence factor from Paenibacillus larvae ERIC I. Upon cytoplasmic expression in yeast, C3larvinA caused a growth-defective phenotype indicating that it is an active C3-like toxin and is cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells. The catalytic variant of the Q187-X-E189 motif in C3larvinA showed no cytotoxicity toward yeast confirming that the cytotoxicity of this factor depends on its enzymatic activity. A homology consensus model of C3larvinA with NAD+ substrate was built on the structure of Plx2A, provided additional confirmation that C3larvinA is a member of the C3-like mono-ADP-ribosylating toxin subgroup. A homology model of C3larvinA with NADH and RhoA was built on the structure of the C3cer-NADH-RhoA complex which provided further evidence that C3larvinA is a C3-like toxin that shares an identical catalytic mechanism with C3cer from Bacillus cereus. C3larvinA induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization in murine macrophages, whereas in insect cells, vacuolization and bi-nucleated cells were observed. These cellular effects are consistent with C3larvinA disrupting RhoA function by covalent modification that is shared among C3-like bacterial toxins.
Aligning the multiplicities in natural resource governance: a study on the governance of water and land resources in irrigated agriculture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In many countries, irrigated agriculture is crucial for food security and poverty reduction. Despite these socio-economic prospects, irrigation agriculture often leads to negative impacts that threaten environmental sustainability. Particularly in semi-arid and arid regions, the coupled problems of waterlogging and soil salinisation are often experienced. These problems result from various social,institutional and political factors. The thesis investigates the role of such factors from a governance perspective, focusing on the ‘multiplicities’ inherent in natural resource governance. Two types of multiplicities are discerned in the thesis: structural and actor-based. Structural multiplicity originates from multiple governance dimensions, which are identified as policy sectors, scales and institutions. Actor-based multiplicity arises due to the existence of numerous actors that interact in policy and resource use processes and often possess different characteristics in terms of motivations, cognitions, capacity and power. Influences of multiplicities can lead to both obstacles and opportunities for governance. The obstacles can hinder integrating all essential elements into the governance system, whereas the opportunities can help create a comprehensive governance system that is conducive to environmental sustainability. To understand how these influences occur, the thesis introduces the novel concept of ‘alignment’, which refers to “the relative positioning of the multiplicities in governance in such a way that it is conducive to sustainable natural resource governance”. Building on the policy studies and political ecology disciplines, an analytical framework is developed to study the alignment of multiplicities. Empirical analysis is based on a fieldwork in Turkey, where the local case of Harran Plain is also examined in depth. Harran Plain was chosen since it has been undergoing an agro-environmental change due to the introduction of large-scale irrigated agriculture in the 1990s, whereas waterlogging and soil salinisation problems are spreading too. The thesis concludes that a low degree of alignment has negative implications for the sustainable governance of natural resources. Improving the degree of alignment is conducive to environmental sustainability by helping to alleviate the negative impacts, and to prevent further degradation. It is therefore essential to relieve the obstacles and benefit from the opportunities towards a governance system of highly-aligned multiplicities.
Special considerations in neurogenic bladder patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the major publications by Bors,1 Comarr,2 Guttmann3 and others in the 1950s our understanding of and approach to managment of patients with neurogenic voiding dysfunction have evolved significantly. The management goals for these patients involve low-pressure storage, near complete bladder emptying at low voiding pressure, avoiding incontinence and protecting the upper urinary tract to preserve renal function. Since all these goals can be achieved by conservative treatment, this has become the mainstay of urologic management. Urologic complications accounted for the death of 30-50% of patients who sustained spinal cord injury during the Second World War4. In patients who could not be managed with indwelling catheterization, urinary diversion with ileal conduit was proposed and popularized by Bricker in 1952.5 However, the long-term follow-up of ileal conduit diversion shows upper tract deterioration in 30-48% of patients and the need for reoperation in 32-60% of patients.6-8 The introduction of clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) by Lapides and associates in 1972 revolutionized the management of neurogenic bladder.9 By the end of the 1970s, there were very few indications for urinary diversion.10 Urinary diversion is a viable option for patients who cannot be maintained on an effective conservative management program. A number of urinary diversion procedures are currently available and they continue to evolve. All options should be discussed with the patient and tailored to each individual patient's neuro-urologic status.