jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profile of human colorectal cancer using oligonucleotide microarray

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

e22182 Background: Current microarray technologies allow the analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously. We analyze the gene expression profile of different samples from human colorectal carcinoma in relation with the clinical stage at diagnosis. Methods: Thirty-one patients were included: 13 with stage II (transmural invasion of the colonic wall without lymph node invasion), 10 with stage III (regional lymph node invasion) and 8 with stage IV at diagnosis (metastatic). RNA was extracted from fresh tumour samples, and the quantity and quality were assessed by spectrophotometric method and capilar electrophoresis. Tumoral samples were hibrizided with a pool containing non-tumoral colonic mucosa from 33 patients with colorectal cancer. Normalized crude data were used for the initial selection of the genes, using several univariate metrics (Matusita, Kullback-Leibler, Bhattachryya). A high confidence Bayesian network was used to compare the best ranked genes with the stage of the tumour at diagnosis. Results: We identified a group of 20 genes with potential prognostic value. Of them, nine genes (HAS1, LO9861, NHLRC2, ATP6V0E2, GTFH2H2, FLJ34077 , CASP12 and RP5–1077B9.4) were able to discriminate cases with stage II-III and those with stage IV, and 11 genes (MEA1, SPRY4, TLR8, SAMSN1, DGCR14, MRCL3, SMAD2, SFRS12, LAPTM4A, CD18 and FAM111A) could discriminate between patients with stage II or III, in 95% of the cases. Data were validated with 18 new patients with colorectal cancer using a quantitative method (RT- PCR). Conclusions: Only few genes are able to discriminate the clinical stage of the tumour at diagnosis with a fresh sample of the primary. Patients with an unfavourable signature might benefit of a more extensive initial work-up. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRAL INFECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tissue injury (chronic disease) associated with persistent LCM infection is apparently caused by the host immune response to the virus. Employing parabiosis or cell transfer from hyperimmune donors to isologous virus carriers, the tissue injury of chronic disease could be initiated and/or intensified. Furthermore, the transfer of anti-LCM antibody to SWR/J carrier mice results in acute necrotizing inflammatory lesions in regions of viral persistence, followed by chronic mononuclear infiltrates quite similar to those seen after the transfer of immune cells. The pathogenesis of the nonglomerular tissue injury of chronic LCM disease is apparently at least in part related to the interaction of circulating anti-LCM antibody with viral antigen at the tissue site. Trapping of circulating virus-antibody complexes in the glomerular filter is apparently the major cause of the glomerulonephritis.
Deep Cosine Metric Learning for Person Re-Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Metric learning aims to construct an embedding where two extracted features corresponding to the same identity are likely to be closer than features from different identities. This paper presents a method for learning such a feature space where the cosine similarity is effectively optimized through a simple re-parametrization of the conventional softmax classification regime. At test time, the final classification layer can be stripped from the network to facilitate nearest neighbor queries on unseen individuals using the cosine similarity metric. This approach presents a simple alternative to direct metric learning objectives such as siamese networks that have required sophisticated pair or triplet sampling strategies in the past. The method is evaluated on two large-scale pedestrian re-identification datasets where competitive results are achieved overall. In particular, we achieve better generalization on the test set compared to a network trained with triplet loss.
[The coefficient of the relative position of particles and its use in the quantitative analysis of substance distribution in cells].

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new method of objective estimation of material distribution in micro objects is described, namely, computing of the coefficient of mutual location of particles, while the cell image is presented as a digital map. The two methods of estimation of distribution of the material are compared - the coefficient of mutual location and the texture coefficient. Advisability of the parallel use of both the methods is substantiated.
Identification and Prevention of Code Open Source Quotation and Plagiarism — Innovative Solutions to Enhance Code Plagiarism Detection Tools

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research focuses on the identification and obfuscation prevention of code open source quotation and plagiarism. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing code plagiarism detection tools and open source code features, and starting from the perspective of Alibaba's code management, this study considers measures for code quality management. Furthermore, innovative solutions are proposed to enhance the effectiveness of plagiarism detection tools. These methods aim to strengthen the distinction between open source citation and plagiarism, improve the accuracy of code plagiarism detection tools, and provide support for protecting intellectual property rights, maintaining software engineering ethics and industry ethics, ensuring balanced development of technological innovation, and promoting the development of open source communities.
Enhancing operational fault diagnosis by assessing multiple operational modes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Operating a modern technical system, such as a train or aircraft, calls for good organised engineering, operation and maintenance to keep the system in an optimal operational condition. Predictive maintenance is being studied and has as aim to identify errors early enough to still be able to propose a suitable solution before a real incident occurs. After all, technical problems in service may lead to delays or even interruptions of service due to extensive repair actions, such as the replacement of components. Often, predictive maintenance aims at recognising patterns in time series of monitored data and classifying these patterns as known conditions (faulty or correct). As such it provides a vital source of information for maintaining a healthy operational status. However, these approaches are still in their early phases and rely still heavily on skill and experience from the expert. In this paper, the use of self-organising maps for predictive maintenance is being discussed, applied to data of a jet engine. The aim of the study was to assess the usability of such approaches to real-life situations, assessing the learning and validation phases.
Chemical Synthesis of Peptides Containing Site-Specific Advanced Glycation Endproducts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In nature, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids can nonenzymatically react with sugars and sugar degradation products to give rise to a diverse range of modifications, known as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). These AGEs typically occur at lysine and arginine residues of long-lived proteins, such as collagen, and can modify the structure and function of the native protein. AGEs accumulate during the normal aging process, and AGE formation is dramatically accelerated with diabetes. AGEs have also been implicated in a wide range of debilitating conditions including cardiovascular, renal failure, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, there is an ongoing interest in studying the role of AGEs in different aspects of these disorders. Typically, glycated proteins are prepared using nonspecific in vitro incubation techniques. However, this method results in a complex mixture of products which is then employed without further purification. In order to determine the effect of individual AGEs in a peptide sequence, in this Account, we highlight our synthetic methods for site-specifically introducing five frequently occurring AGEs, namely, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), pyrraline, glyoxal-lysine dimer (GOLD), and methylglyoxal-lysine dimer (MOLD) into collagen peptides. Both a collagen model peptide (CMP) and the telopeptide region of human type I α1 collagen (CTP) were chosen due to being prone to glycation and cross-linking in vivo. For the preparation of the AGE-modified collagen peptides, we investigated both the initial preparation of AGE building blocks in solution followed by incorporation into Fmoc-SPPS, as well as an on-resin method whereby AGEs were selectively introduced by modification of the side-chain of an unprotected resin-bound lysine. Both of our synthetic methods enabled the site-specifically modified AGE-containing collagen peptides to be obtained in high purity and yield. In addition, the on-resin method had the added advantage of requiring fewer synthetic steps. We then evaluated the impact of the specific AGEs on the properties of the native protein and found that the AGE modifications protected against proteolytic digestion, enhanced copper binding at physiological pH, and, for the cross-linking AGEs, disrupted the triple helical structure of CMPs. Overall these synthetic methods offered a new strategy for preparing peptides site-specifically modified by AGEs, which can be applied to other peptidic systems, thereby enabling further insights into the biochemical consequences of AGEs.
Blame and the couples dynamic.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Guilt and blame are common in relationships in which one or both parties are HIV-positive; however, counseling may help these people manage their relationships better. One technique used by therapists is Control Mastery Theory, a cognitive, interpersonal, psychoanalytic approach that classifies behavior as either growth-promoting or pathogenic. Control Mastery Theory, designed to break the blame/rage cycle, is based on the theory that a person's beliefs are rooted in their childhood experiences. Therapists use the approach to help clients better understand their responses to their situation and to their partner. A case is presented of an HIV-serodiscordant couple who have years of mutual blaming. The therapist helps the couple explore the pathogenic beliefs underlying their behaviors so that they can gain greater control over their behaviors. To ease transitions during antiviral treatment success, therapists should pay attention to the unconscious, irrational beliefs underlying patient's behaviors.
Genomic and Functional Analyses of SXT, an Integrating Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer Element Derived from Vibrio cholerae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT SXT is representative of a family of conjugative-transposon-like mobile genetic elements that encode multiple antibiotic resistance genes. In recent years, SXT-related conjugative, self-transmissible integrating elements have become widespread in Asian Vibrio cholerae . We have determined the 100-kb DNA sequence of SXT. This element appears to be a chimera composed of transposon-associated antibiotic resistance genes linked to a variety of plasmid- and phage-related genes, as well as to many genes from unknown sources. We constructed a nearly comprehensive set of deletions through the use of the one-step chromosomal gene inactivation technique to identify SXT genes involved in conjugative transfer and chromosomal excision. SXT, unlike other conjugative transposons, utilizes a conjugation system related to that encoded by the F plasmid. More than half of the SXT genome, including the composite transposon-like structure that contains its antibiotic resistance genes, was not required for its mobility. Two SXT loci, designated setC and setD , whose predicted amino acid sequences were similar to those of the flagellar regulators FlhC and FlhD, were found to encode regulators that activate the transcription of genes required for SXT excision and transfer. Another locus, designated setR , whose gene product bears similarity to lambdoid phage CI repressors, also appears to regulate SXT gene expression.
AhnJaeHong’s New Nationalism and HongIk Nationalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

단재 신채호에 의해 개시되고 대종교와 밀접한 관련 위에서 전개된 민족주의사학은 서기전 24세기에 시작된 민족사가 단군-부여-고구려로 이어지며 만주일대에서 펼쳐졌다는 민족 정체성을 정립하였고, 항일독립투사들의 사상적 기반이 되었다.
민족주의사학을 계승한 안재홍은 조선 고유의 역사 유산 속에서 고래(古來)의 민주주의 원리이자 철학인 ｢다사리｣ 사상을 찾아내어 통일민족국가 건설의 사상·이념적인 토대로 삼아 ｢신민족주의와 신민주주의｣로 정리하였다.
안재홍이 조선 역사에서 찾은 ｢다사리｣는 고대의 민주주의였으나 특수 계급(귀족)에게만 독점되었다. 안재홍은 그 향유 대상을 전민족ㆍ전민중에까지 확대하여 보편화하고, 부·권력·지식을 전민중이 균등하게 누리며 공영(共榮)하고, 모든 국민이 노동균등이라는 의무를 함께 해야만 신민주주의이자 신민족주의가 된다고 보았다. 이런면에서 민족주의, 민주주의, 좌우합작 등 모든 면에서 안재홍과 다른 길을 걸은 손진태는 안재홍과 같은 ‘신민족주의자’라고 볼 수 없는 것이다.
안재홍의 신민족주의에 대한 기존의 연구와 평가는 다양하지만 이들은 모두 안재홍이 조선 고유의 사상에서 ‘신민족주의와 신민주주의’의 바탕을 이루는 요소를 찾아냈다는 것을 공통적으로 인정할 뿐, 그 조선 고유의 사상에 대해 깊이 있게 연구한 논문은 별로 없다.
안재홍은 조선 선민(先民) 세계관의 이치를 일·삼(一·三)사상을 자기화한 표현으로 ｢비｣(허공)·｢몬｣(물질)·｢씨｣(종자)를 들어 설명하기도 하고, 고래의 민주주의였지만 1945년 당시에는 개념과 내용을 확장해서 이해해야 할 홍익인간사상을 ｢다사리｣로 이름 지어 신민주주의의 핵심으로 삼기도 했고, ｢신지비사｣에서 연원한 조소앙의 균평흥방론을 신민족주의에 활용하기도 하였다. ｢신민족주의와 신민주주의｣에서 보이는 이러한 안재홍의 사상은 안재홍이 선가(仙家)였음을 입증하고 있으며 따라서 서구의 정치사상이 아니라 한국선도라는 관점에서 안재홍을 바라보아야 올바른 평가가 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.
또한 필자는 안재홍에 대한 기왕의 ‘단군민족주의’라는 평가는, 단군민족주의의 핵심인 홍익실천사상의 조화·상생·평화라는 내용성과 환웅시대부터 시작되었다는 시기성을 함께 고려하여 새롭게 ‘홍익민족주의’로 바꾸는 것이 타당하다고 제안하였다.
MUC5AC mucin gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MUC5AC is a secretory mucin normally expressed by the surface mucous cells of the human stomach and in the bronchial tract. It is absent from normal pancreas, but de novo expression of this mucin occurs in early-stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias and in the invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, prompting this study of MUC5AC gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. Promoter deletion constructs and EMSA studies revealed that transcription factors Sp1 and AP-1 are both involved in basal transcription of the MUC5AC gene. Phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA) increased MUC5AC mRNA expression and transcriptional activities of MUC5AC promoter-reporter deletion constructs containing AP-1 consensus sites. EMSA studies showed that Fos/Jun binding to putative AP-1 sites is increased by PMA treatment. Western blot analysis showed that ERK, JNK and p38 are all activated by PMA treatment in SW1990 cells. Inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK), such as ERK inhibitor PD98059 and JNK inhibitors dicumarol and SP60015, but not p38 inhibitor SB203580, inhibited PMA-induced MUC5AC reporter activity. Our studies indicate that Sp1 is involved in basal MUC5AC promoter activity while AP-1 is involved in basal and PMA-induced MUC5AC promoter activation in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, PMA-induced MUC5AC gene transcription appears to be mediated by activating Sp1, PKC/ERK/AP-1 and PKC/JNK/AP-1 pathways.
III-rd International Summer School for Young Scholars in Historical Information Science: New Facets of Interdisciplinarity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the review of the School of Young Scholars which is being held for the third time by the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Association "History and Computer". The school attracts a lot of attention of students, postgraduates, young teachers and researchers from scientific centers of Russia and neighboring countries who want to get acquainted with information about the latest trends in the development of historical informatics as an interdisciplinary field of application of information technologies and methods of data analysis in historical research, to form a current understanding of data and methods of their processing in the subject field of historical research. The current trends characteristic of the modern stage of the development of historical informatics in Russia against the background of the experience of the development of similar "butt" directions in other fields of science and humanities are analyzed. Attention is paid to the changes in the landscape of the humanities in the first decade of the XXI century in connection with the processes of their digital transformation, the emergence of the multidisciplinary concept of Digital Humanities, the correlation of the content of historical informatics and "digital history". The actual problems of using the concept of "big data" and artificial intelligence for testing digital technologies and mathematical methods in solving analytical problems of historical research are considered.
OBSERVATIONS ON ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS WITH RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a series of 50 adult patients with acute poliomyelitis managed at the New York Hospital in 1949, 17 needed artificial respiration. Of these 17, nine had respiratory obstruction due to partial or complete paralysis of swallowing or coughing. The respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide was intensively studied in this entire group of patients. The effects of the rapid rocking bed, the cuirass respirator and the tank respirator were ascertained on those in whom respiratory decompensation developed. In this preliminary communication some of the observations are reported. These patients were a severely ill group, many of whom were referred to the New York Hospital because of the desperate nature of their illness. Eight of the 17 died of rapidly progressive poliomyelitis, which both involved the innervation of the peripheral respiratory apparatus and extensively destroyed brain stem centers. Death was due either to circulatory collapse, apparently the result of
Identification of Markers through Micromorphological Approach of Four Species of Fabaceae in Bankura, West Bengal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recently agro-forestry is gaining much importance as it has a vast scope to mitigate several problems. Many parts of the World especially in the tropics, vast areas of forest lands are now denuded of trees destroying the fragile environment and leaving extensive area unproductive. So, these areas can be reutilized by growing fuel wood plants as an alternative to fossil fuel. So, for large scale plantation screening for desired species must include identification of markers. The present paper deals with some micromorphological features like leaf epidermal micro-morphology of-fuel wood yielding leguminous plants like Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf., Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K. Heyne, Acacia nilotica Willd. and Tamarindus indica L. has been investigated. The epidermal cells in each case were irregular in shape and larger in slow growing species i.e. A. nilotica and T. indica. The stomata were hypostomatic, anomocyticand/or paracytic types with frequency, size and stomatal index were higher in fast growing species i.e. Peltophorum pterocarpum and Delonix regia. These leaf epidermal characters can also be utilized as markers for fast growing fuel wood plants apart from taxonomical consideration.
[Developing an easy-operating system for testing mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials in thermostatic waterbath].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

热压膜材料在口腔医学领域应用广泛,可用于制作保持器、牙周夹板、磨牙垫和颌间固定装置等[1-4].近年,多种热压膜材料用以制作矫治器,从而奠定了无托槽隐形矫治技术的材料学基础[4-5].研究和提高热压膜材料的力学性能,如形变后材料产生的回弹力及其随时间的变化,是临床上选择、制作和使用隐形矫治器的前提和基础。
A Comparative Study of Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy Objectives in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Looking from a geographical perspective, Indonesia and the two most influential Islamic countries that promotes two major denominations of Islam, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, are located in different parts of the world. However, holding the ground for the majority of Muslim in the world makes Indonesia a suitable place for Iran and Saudi Arabia to exercise their influence. Since Iran and Saudi Arabia have a set of contradictory ideologies, the need to expand their influence is competitive. This article seeks to make a comparative study between Iranian and Saudi Arabian's foreign policy objectives in Indonesia. The article starts by analyzing the foreign policy objectives of the two countries in Indonesia. Then, a comparative study is made between them. The main theory used in this work is based on neorealism to ascertain the objectives of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The article uses secondary data that have been used in the literature. The article concludes that although these objectives have started becoming more economical, the religious aspect continues to play a dominant role in the foreign policy objectives of the two countries.
Rral-life data of telaprevir-based triple-therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C GT1 in Germany - an interim analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/aims: Telaprevir (TVR)-based triple therapy in patients (pts) with chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) in daily practice in Germany is investigated in this non-interventional study to evaluate the implementation of futility rules, response-guided therapy, safety and efficiency.
The climatic association of population divergence and future extinction risk of Solanum pimpinellifolium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Under intraspecific differentiation driven by differential climatic adaptation, it may be expected that intraspecific genetic groups occur at distinct environments. Populations occupying different niches may therefore differ in their ability to cope with climate change. Here, we addressed this hypothesis with a wild tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium. This species is distributed from the west side of Andes to the coastal region in Peru and Ecuador and occupies a wide environmental diversity. This environmental diversity is related to the genetic structure of the species providing an ideal material to investigate the isolation by environment hypothesis. While previous hypothesis stated that S. pimpinellifolium originated from northern Peru and migrated northwards and southwards, our results support that S. pimpinellifolium originated from Ecuador and expanded to northern and southern Peru, and during this process, the niche space of S. pimpinellifolium became more associated with cold and drought. We further predicted its fate under anthropogenic climate change. According to our predictions, the northern group will maintain its current extent or even expand to the entire western region of Ecuador. In contrast, we predicted low habitat suitability for the southern group which could potentially lead to the shrinkage of its distribution. In conclusion, we revealed the distinct fates among the differentiated populations driven by environment under global warming conditions.
Preparation and characterization of barium titanate electrolytic capacitors by anodic oxidation of porous titanium bodies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low-temperature (50-60 degrees C) anodic oxidation of porous titanium bodies in an aqueous electrolyte containing Ba/sup 2+/ in solution has been used to infiltrate BaTiO/sub 3/ onto a large surface area. Microstructural and dielectric characterization indicates the possibility of achieving extremely high capacitance values by further improving the porosity of the Ti bodies and electroding the BaTiO/sub 3/ surface using electroless plating techniques.< >
Irele. Abiola. (ed.) Selected Poems of Léopold Sédar Senghor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Irele. Abiola. (ed.) Selected Poems of Léopold Sédar Senghor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977." Canadian Modern Language Review, 36(2), pp. 292–293