jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study of Pharmacists’ Perceptions of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Telepharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Japan, telepharmacy is becoming increasingly popular due to deregulation triggered by the outbreak of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the actual state of telepharmacy in Japan by interviewing pharmacists who have experience with telepharmacy and describing its advantages and disadvantages, as well as their outlook for its use going forward. The interviews were conducted online using Zoom. Each interview lasted approximately 30 min. Eleven people were interviewed. The advantages mentioned by the pharmacists were classified into three main categories: “Better communication”, “Time savings”, and “Improved safety”. The disadvantages were classified into the following nine categories: “Drug delivery problems”, “Communication failures”, “Ease of use for patients”, “Emotional reactions”, “Pharmacy system”, “Communication issues”, “Healthcare system issues”, “App system issues”, and “Cost”. Many of these factors correspond to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs presented by Venkatesh, et al. Many of the pharmacists mentioned that the use of telepharmacy is likely to expand further in the future, but that this will require further development of communication technology and the widespread use of systems such as electronic prescriptions.
Erwärmung des Tiefenwassers der Grönlandsee durch Vermischung

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the absence of deep convection, the Greenland Sea Deep Water has experienced a slow but significant warming during the 1980s and ´90s. Enhanced vertical mixing can explain the observed trends of several propertiesincluding anthropogenic tracers, but the necessary mixing ratesare at the higher end of those observed elsewhere in the ocean.In this work, the mixing is studied by means of the spatial distribution and strength of eddy diffusivities. These are calculated from energy dissipationrates, which in turn are estimated with two complementary methods.Thorpe scales provide a direct estimate of the dissipation from densityoverturns. The second method uses a spectral estimate of the finescale variances of velocity shear density strain as proxies for the energy content of the internal wave field, and the equlibrium energy dissipation rate. Both methods are applied on a data set obtained duringsummer 1998, comprising loweredADCP measurements of the velocity field in the central Greenland Sea and near the surrounding ridge systems, as well assupplementary temperature and salinity measurements.The diapycnal diffusivities observed in the Greenland Sea are highenough to account for the changes in deep water. The mean diffusivity across the 2000~m isobath is 1.2 x 10:sup:-3:/sup: m:sup:2:/sup:/s,two orders of magnitude larger than the typical deep ocean background.The highest values occur in the deep basin, with a moderate amplification in the vicinity of rough topography at mid depth.In the upper layer, the locations of strongest mixing are close tothe fronts of the boundary currents.Enhanced mixing in the deeper layers is not confined to rough topography, but occurs throughout the whole basin. The critical latitudes of most semidiurnal tides are located in the Greenland Sea, therefore thisdistribution is interpreted as a result of the resonant breakdown ofthe tidal waves.
P1‐475: NOVEL THIRD GENERATION MICROGLIAL MARKER FLUTRICICLAMIDE ([18F]GE180) IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Microglial activation is recognized to be part of the Alzheimer's disease pathology. When activated, microglial cells overexpress TSPO, an 18 kDa protein on the mitochondrial outer membrane. In this PET study, we evaluated microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects using the novel translocator protein (TSPO) ligand flutriciclamide ([18F]GE180). Thirteen subjects with AD, four subjects with MCI and eight healthy controls (HC) had 3T MRI and 90 minutes flutriciclamide PET using arterial input. We used two tissue compartmental model with arterial input. In the AD cohort, spectral analysis was also used to create parametric maps to estimate the regional uptake of the tracer. Voxel-wise single subject statistical parametric mapping analysis was performed using impulse response function (IRF-90) parametric maps for AD subjects. The three groups of patients were age matched; the mean MMSE was 21.38±4.01 in ADs, 29.25±1.16 in HCs and 29±0.8 in the MCIs. Using the 2TKM4K, significant difference was observed between AD and HC across the major cortical regions (frontal p<0.05, temporal p=0.05, parietal p<0.05, occipital lobes p<0.05) and whole brain (p<0.05). There was an increase uptake in AD population compared to the MCI subjects. Voxel-wise single analysis using impulse response function parametric maps demonstrated individual increases in twelve out of thirteen AD patients throughout the cortices. In this small series, regional VT was not significantly increased in MCI subjects; however, the MCI cohort is too small to give conclusive results. We are applying parametric approach to evaluate MCI subjects further, and increasing the number of subjects. IRF-90 and two tissue compartment model VT correlated well, being robust methods for the analysis of flutriciclamide. In this first study in an AD and MCI population, we have demonstrated that flutriciclamide PET can be used to detect microglial activation, and is significantly higher as the disease proceeds. Moreover, we have demonstrated that spectral analysis can be reliably used to quantify the uptake. Considering the growing interest in microglial activation in neurodegeneration, this study forms the basis of future studies of microglial activation using flutriciclamide PET.
REPORT OF A CASE OF SYPHILIS OF THE BLADDER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

July 23, 1916, I was called in consultation by Dr. Chett McDonald to see a man, aged 23, who complained of very frequent and painful urination, with much tenesmus. He gave a history of venereal sore, diagnosed chancroid, two years before, and gonorrheal infection of the urethra beginning a year later and persisting to the date of consultation. He had been in the Navy and had been sent to the hospital at Great Lakes. He stated that he had had two negative Wassermann tests and had been under treatment while there, and later at Bremerton, Wash., with sounds, irrigations of permanganate, and instillations of silver nitrate. He had obtained his discharge from the Navy, and was at the home of his parents. There was a scar of the glans where the chancroid had been. There was a slight purulent discharge from the urethra, and urination was followed by a mucous
Catholic Peacebuilding in Times of Crisis: Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In June 2022, the Catholic Peacebuilding Network hosted Catholic Peacebuilding in Times of Crisis: Hope for a Wounded World, an international virtual conference with Church leaders, scholars, peacebuilding specialists, and other practitioners from more than 30 countries. The intent of the conference was to examine how Catholic peacebuilding can respond in an integral way to the diverse challenges and crises of today. This essay introduces that conference and four essays adapted from it that make up this special symposium. These four symposium essays provide a glimpse of the ways in which Catholic peacebuilding can ask questions of Catholic moral theology and ethics. Some are practical and some theoretical, some are critical and some supplementary. The hope is that they help set the table for additional conversation between these areas of praxis and thought, as the work of moral theologians and theological ethicists is vital for making peacebuilding a living part of the church’s mission.
Bio-Inspired Low-Cost Fabrication of Stretchable, Adhesive, Transparent, and Multi-Functionalized Joint Wound Dressings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ideal joint wound dressings should not only promote wound healing and have good mechanical properties including stretchability and adhesion but also possess functions such as sterilization or motion monitoring. The multiple characteristic requirements have greatly limited the material's alternative, resulting in research on functional joint wound dressings falling far short of market demand. Therefore, low-cost, comprehensive designs need to be developed. Herein, inspired by the spiral arteries in the endometrium, alginate-based helical fibers were introduced into polyacrylamide/gelatin (PAM-Gel) to obtain composite polymer membranes, realizing a combination of both mechanical and functional properties. Large scale (100 m) and high-throughput (10 times higher than literature) fabrication of helical microfibers were first achieved, ensuring the low cost of fiber preparation. The composite film had adequate stretchability (>300% strain), adhesion strength (14 kPa), high transparency, and good biocompatibility. The helical fibers could be easily functionalized without affecting the mechanical properties of the dressings, thus broadening the range of materials available for joint dressings. After different treatments of the helical fibers, controlled drug release and joint motion monitoring were realized. Therefore, this helical microfiber composite membrane design achieved low-cost preparation, good mechanical properties, and functionalities including healing promotion, drug release, and motion monitoring ability, demonstrating application potential.
Pre-pregnancy overweight and weight gain during pregnancy increase the risk of gestational anemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To study the double burden of overweight and anemia in Mexican women during pregnancy and if pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain are associated with the development of anemia. Methods: In a sample of 98 pregnant women from an ongoing birth cohort, weight and hemoglobin at different gestational weeks, as well as pre-pregnancy BMI (self-reported) were obtained. An adjusted logistic model for longitudinal data was used to estimate the probability of presenting anemia according to pre-pregnancy overweight status (BMI > 25kg/m 2 ) and weight gain, including an interaction term between these two variables. Results: At the end of pregnancy the combined prevalence of overweight and anemia was 18%. The probability of developing anemia was different from zero among overweight women at the beginning of pregnancy and weight gain > 6.5kg kg (up to 8%, p <0.05); furthermore, the prevalence was higher than zero in those women with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (<25kg/m 2 ) and a weight gain < 12 Kg (up to 9%, p <0.05). Conclusion: anemia increases with the combinations of low weight gain in women with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI as well as excessive weight gain in women with pre-pregnancy overweight.
Confirmation of Endotracheal Tube Placement in Trachea Ultrasonography vs End-tidal Capnography with Auscultation: An Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many studies have been conducted in the past comparing the efficacy and timeliness of USG vs the traditional methods (End-tidal capnography with/without auscultation) for confirmation of ETI. [4]5][6][7] But most of these studies have been done in an emergency set up in ICU's which does not provide an ideal setting for adequate assessment of the two methods.Moreover, most of these studies had small sample sizes and none of the studies has calculated the total time taken for confirmation of ETI by USG (i.e., Tracheal time + Lung slide).Thus, the results of these studies cannot be applied to the population of patients posted for general anesthesia in elective cases in operation theatres.To fulfill these lacunae, we conducted this study in a sample population posted for general anesthesia in elective cases in the operation theatre.We clearly defined the time parameters used in our study to measure the time taken for respective methods IntroductIonEndotracheal intubation (ETI) is a rapid, simple, safe, and noninvasive technique that achieves all the goals of airway management, and remains the gold standard. 1However, complications have been described during the process of intubation of which esophageal intubation and Endobronchial intubation are two of the most common mishaps encountered timely confirmation of which is of utmost importance.Traditionally, confirmation of ETI has been done by direct visualization of endotracheal tube (ETT) during direct laryngoscopy, visualization of bilaterally (B/L) equal chest rise, fogging of the ETT from within, B/L auscultation of the chest, and most importantly by identifying the End tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ) on capnogram.However, esophageal intubation can remain undetected despite these methods.End tidal capnography (EtCO 2 ), despite being the gold standard has its own share of limitations like blockage of sampling line, interference in readings due to use of filters, auto zeroing at the time of intubation, and most importantly a lag time or response time for the appearance of the graph which may vary from one multiparameter monitor to the other. 2earch for an ideal test for confirmation of ETT placement in the trachea continues.Ultrasound (US) imaging has recently emerged as a novel, simple, portable, noninvasive tool helpful for airway assessment and management. 3It is generating interest in anesthesiology for airway ultrasonography (USG) after it was found to be effective in confirming ETT placement in the Emergency rooms and Intensive care units (ICU).
Granulomatous rosacea: a clue to the diagnosis of STAT1 gain of function in a child with immunodeficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recurrent granulomatous rosacea in a paediatric patient prompted an investigation that unveiled a rare gain-of-function mutation in the STAT1 gene. This case highlights the clinical diversity associated with STAT1 mutations and underscores the importance of considering genetic factors in unexplained immunodeficiency and skin conditions, offering valuable insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Comparison of Metal Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on Coal and Char Remaining After In-situ Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the study was to describe the sorption interactions between potentially toxic metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Pb) and materials from an underground coal gasification (UCG) experimental zone. These interactions seem to be significant in terms of the impact of in situ UCG on the groundwater environment. Sorption parameters were determined for two different sample types: subbituminous coal mined from the coal-bed and then subjected to gasification and coal char from the cavity formed by the UCG process. Laboratory-scale tests were carried out using deionized water and aqueous solutions of metals with increasing concentrations. The Freundlich isotherm model was applied to describe sorption phenomena due to nonlinear mass distribution of adsorbed metal ions as a function of equilibrium concentration and assuming physical interactions only. In addition, the efficiency of the tested sorbents for metal removal was calculated. In the case of subbituminous coal, the percent removal ranged from a minimum of 3.6–9.8% (for cobalt) to a maximum of 43.4–79.8% (for lead). Char removed metals more efficiently (min. 26.6–94.8% for cadmium; max. 98.5–99.9% for lead). Furthermore, the sorbates can be ranked according to the metal ion binding efficiency to sorbents in the following order: Co < Cd < Cu < Pb. The sorption characteristics of materials obtained from the post-UCG cavity may be used to evaluate the retardation parameters of inorganic pollutant migration in the environment around a georeactor.
Tetramine dichloro-palladium subcellular localization in the kidney: electron microprobe study.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Palladium salt has been used for some time in experimental therapy protocols; with this in mind, we carried out a study of the effect of tetramine dichloro-palladium (soluble salt) upon kidney cells. Using an electron microprobe, we were able to detect the presence of palladium associated with sulfur and iron in the lysosomes of the proximal tubule cells. Our results were compared with those obtained using Cis-diaminedichloro-platinum (Cis-DDP), an anti-cancer drug used in the treatment of diverse tumors. The mechanism of intralysosomal concentration of palladium as a non soluble salt associated with sulfur appeared to be related to local sulfatase activity. Finally, iron concentration appeared to be related to the inhibition process of erythropoiesis.
The influence of implicit theories and offender characteristics on judgements of sexual offenders: a moderated mediation analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The psychological factors underpinning responses to sexual offenders are beginning to receive increased empirical scrutiny. One such factor is offender representativeness, which refers to the extent to which a given \noffender example matches a stereotype of those who are typically labelled as “sexual offenders”. Using a sample of 252 community members, we examined the role of implicit theories about sexual offenders (i.e., whether sexual offending is seen as fixed or malleable) in mediating the relationship between affective responses to sexual offenders and policy outcome judgements. We found support for this mediating effect, although this was eliminated when participants were \npresented with a “non-representative” offender vignette. We argue that the relationship between affective responses and policy judgements is contingent on the activation of a sexual offender stereotype, and that \nthis link can be disrupted via the increased presentation of nonstereotypical case examples. Implications for public debate and professional practice are discussed.
Are Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Effective at Reducing the Operative Rate of Lateral Epicondylitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract\nWord count: 245/250\nIntroduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a common reason for visits to the orthopedic department. When conservative treatment fails, surgery is typically indicated.\nObjectives: to evaluate if platelet-rich plasma injections effectively decrease the need for surgical intervention in patients with lateral epicondylitis who are not responding to other conservative treatments.\nMethods: a review of literature was conducted regarding platelet-rich plasma injections and their effectiveness in treating lateral epicondylitis. Main outcome measures included presenting symptoms, an accurate diagnosis for lateral epicondylitis, the number of patients not requiring surgery after platelet-rich plasma injections, and recorded pain scores after platelet-rich plasma injections compared to pain scores after surgical release.\nResults: the research suggests promising results that platelet-rich plasma injections decrease the need for surgical intervention in patients with lateral epicondylitis that are not responding to other conservative treatments.\nDiscussion: There is currently an extensive amount of literature discussing PRP injections having an effective role in regards to treating chronic lateral epicondylitis symptoms that do not improve with conservative management. However, there is very limited published literature with comparative data discussing the continued need for surgical intervention after PRP injections are given. PRP injections continue to demonstrate better therapeutic effects compared to corticosteroid injections and new literature suggests that PRP injections are the new, preferred conservative treatment method for lateral epicondylitis.\nConclusion: The data demonstrates that significantly less patients required surgery each year in patients receiving platelet-rich plasma injections.
Dahl,Robert

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Robert Allen Dahl (1915–2014) was a founder of the postwar political theory of pluralism. Pluralism and the historically related behavioralist model of science was the dominant paradigm of Anglo‐American political science between the 1940s and the 1970s. Current political science can only be properly understood in the context of the critiques of pluralism and behavioralism. During his whole life Dahl was a staunch social democrat, strongly in favor of the redistribution of income, wealth, education, and power, of welfare state provisions, and of meaningful and widespread political participation and deliberation, both in the political and economic sphere. Methodological individualism in the 1960s brought him to a relatively benign view of the status quo, which he later strongly corrected.
A modified ‘NanoSuit®’ preserves wet samples in high vacuum: direct observations on cells and tissues in field-emission scanning electron microscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has proven very useful in biomedical research, the high vacuum required (10 −3 to 10 −7 Pa) precludes direct observations of living cells and tissues at high resolution and often produces unwanted structural changes. We have previously described a method that allows the investigator to keep a variety of insect larvae alive in the high vacuum environment of the electron microscope by encasing the organisms in a thin, vacuum-proof suit, the ‘NanoSuit®'. However, it was impossible to protect wet tissues freshly excised from intact organisms or cultured cells. Here we describe an improved ‘NanoSuit' technique to overcome this limitation. We protected the specimens with a surface shield enhancer (SSE) solution that consists of glycerine and electrolytes and found that the fine structure of the SSE-treated specimens is superior to that of conventionally prepared specimens. The SSE-based NanoSuit affords a much stronger barrier to gas and/or liquid loss than the previous NanoSuit did and, since it allows more detailed images, it could significantly help to elucidate the ‘real' organization of cells and their functions.
Physicochemical Properties of Melts Used for the Electrodeposition of Niobium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Formation of oxyfluoroniobium compounds in the binary systems KF-Nb 2 O 5 and K 2 NbF 7 -Nb 2 O 5 and in the ternary system KF-K 2 NbF 7 -Nb 2 O 5 has been expected. Therefore the phase equilibrium and surface tension of the above systems have been determined. The three systems have only been investigated up to 20 mol% Nb 2 O 5 because of its limited solubility. The obtained results have confirmed the formation of oxyfluoroniobium compounds.