jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Managing Value Conflict in Public Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policy issues are often characterized by conflicting values. Conventionally, students of public policy have conceptualized government's response to value conflicts as a matter of “balancing” competing goals, or striking trade‐offs among values. In this paper we argue that this way of managing value conflicts represents only one possibility from a larger and more varied repertoire of strategies that draw from more complex models of practical reasoning. Policy actors do sometimes try to strike a “balance” among conflicting values, but they often avail themselves of other strategies as well: they cycle between values by emphasizing one value and then the other; they assign responsibilities for each value to different institutional structures; or they gather and consult a taxonomy of specific cases where similar conflicts arose. We argue that each of these strategies can be rational in some institutional contexts, and that conclusion challenges the view that policy values must always be treated as commensurable for rational policy choices to be made. Government responds to value conflict in ways that are more varied and changing than existing views of public policy imply.
Abstract 563: Preclinical development of YL202, a novel HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor for treatment of solid tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract HER3, a member of the HER family, is over-expressed in cancer cells and further elevated after HER2/EGFR/endocrine targeting treatment. YL202 is a novel HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) structurally composed of a human anti-HER3 antibody, protease-cleavable linker, and a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor. This ADC was prepared using MediLink’s TMALIN platform, a proprietary tumor microenvironment activable linker-payload platform, which achieved a high drug-to-antibody ratio through homogeneously conjugated and favorable hydrophilic linker-payload. In preclinical studies, YL202 exhibited strong reactivity, highly internalization and potent cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. YL202 also demonstrated significant dose-dependent antitumor activity in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft (CDX and PDX) mouse models representing several cancer types and could induce complete tumor regressions with no observable toxicity. YL202 showed stable PK profile with overlapping ADC and TAb curves in a 28-day cynomolgus monkey study. GLP toxicity studies using cynomolgus monkeys showed that YL202 is well tolerated with calculated therapeutic index (TI, HNSTD/MED) of ~100 for repeat dosing. No lung or platelet toxicity findings were observed at doses up to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Based on these preclinical results, it demonstrates that YL202’s advanced ADC design results in an increased therapeutic margin, and YL201 could be further developed in HER3 positive cancer patients. Citation Format: Jian Xu, Qing Zong, Liang Zhu, Qigang Liu, Sasha Stann, Jiaqiang Cai. Preclinical development of YL202, a novel HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor for treatment of solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 563.
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over a five-year span 1,134 patients with asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodules were entered into a cooperative study. Of the 392 lesions found to be primary bronchogenic carcinoma, 67 patients were living and under observation ten years following operation. In the study, 32% of lesions were primary bronchogenic carcinoma, the incidence being 51% in patients above the age of 50 years. "Curative" resection was possible in 309 patients (78.9%) with a five-year observed survival of 38.5% and a ten-year observed survival of 20.1%. Factors that influenced long-term survival were size of lesion, age at operation, and interval between the last normal and the first abnormal x-ray film. Histologic cell type and extent of resection were not found to influence long-term survival.
CytokineLink: A Cytokine Communication Map to Analyse Immune Responses—Case Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Intercellular communication mediated by cytokines is critical to the development of immune responses, particularly in the context of infectious and inflammatory diseases. By releasing these small molecular weight peptides, the source cells can influence numerous intracellular processes in the target cells, including the secretion of other cytokines downstream. However, there are no readily available bioinformatic resources that can model cytokine–cytokine interactions. In this effort, we built a communication map between major tissues and blood cells that reveals how cytokine-mediated intercellular networks form during homeostatic conditions. We collated the most prevalent cytokines from the literature and assigned the proteins and their corresponding receptors to source tissue and blood cell types based on enriched consensus RNA-Seq data from the Human Protein Atlas database. To assign more confidence to the interactions, we integrated the literature information on cell–cytokine interactions from two systems of immunology databases, immuneXpresso and ImmunoGlobe. From the collated information, we defined two metanetworks: a cell–cell communication network connected by cytokines; and a cytokine–cytokine interaction network depicting the potential ways in which cytokines can affect the activity of each other. Using expression data from disease states, we then applied this resource to reveal perturbations in cytokine-mediated intercellular signalling in inflammatory and infectious diseases (ulcerative colitis and COVID-19, respectively). For ulcerative colitis, with CytokineLink, we demonstrated a significant rewiring of cytokine-mediated intercellular communication between non-inflamed and inflamed colonic tissues. For COVID-19, we were able to identify cell types and cytokine interactions following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting important cytokine interactions that might contribute to severe illness in a subgroup of patients. Such findings have the potential to inform the development of novel, cytokine-targeted therapeutic strategies. CytokineLink is freely available for the scientific community through the NDEx platform and the project github repository.
Transfer Coordination for Metro Networks during the Start- or End-of-Service Period

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

When travelling via metro networks during the start- or end-of-service period, transferring passengers may suffer a transfer failure. Accordingly, the synchronization timetabling problem necessitates consideration of transfer waiting time and transfer availability with respect to the first or last train. Hence, transfer train index (TTI) is formulated to identify the transfer train and calculate the transfer waiting time. Furthermore, two types of connection indexes, the last connection train index (LCTI) and the first connection train index (FCTI), are devised to distinguish transfer failure from transfer success, and the penalty constraints are implemented together to reflect the adverse effects of transfer failure. Then, a mixed integer programming model is developed to concurrently reduce transfer waiting time and improve transfer availability, which can be solved by CPLEX. Finally, a case study on Beijing metro network is made to verify the method. Experimental results show that our proposed model can yield synchronization solutions with significant reductions in both the average transfer waiting time and the proportion of transfer failure passengers.
Mapping the Structural Determinants Responsible for Enhanced T Cell Activation to the Immunogenic Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid from Isolate Rhesus 32.33

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Avoiding activation of immunity to vector-encoded proteins is critical to the safe and effective use of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for gene therapy. While commonly used serotypes, such as AAV serotypes 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9, are often associated with minimal and/or dysfunctional CD8 + T cell responses in mice, the threshold for immune activation appears to be lower in higher-order species. We have modeled this discrepancy within the mouse by identifying two capsid variants with differential immune activation profiles: AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) and a hybrid between natural rhesus isolates AAVrh32 and AAVrh33 (AAVrh32.33). Here, we aimed to characterize the structural determinants of the AAVrh32.33 capsid that augment cellular immunity to vector-encoded proteins or those of AAV8 that may induce tolerance. We hypothesized that the structural domain responsible for differential immune activation could be mapped to surface-exposed regions of the capsid, such as hypervariable regions (HVRs) I to IX of VP3. To test this, a series of hybrid AAV capsids was constructed by swapping domains between AAV8 and AAVrh32.33. By comparing their ability to generate transgene-specific T cells in vivo versus the stability of transgene expression in the muscle, we confirmed that the functional domain lies within the VP3 portion of the capsid. Our studies were able to exclude the regions of VP3 which are not sufficient for augmenting the cellular immune response, notably, HVRs I, II, and V. We have also identified HVR IV as a region of interest in conferring the efficiency and stability of muscle transduction to AAVrh32.33.
Stylistic variation in read Arabic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The study of variation in Arabic vernaculars has come a long way since its beginnings as a misguided endeavor to compare features in these contemporary dialects to cognate features in Standard Arabic (Classical or Modern) and view any differences as results of language change. We now recognize that the dialects and Standard Arabic have had different trajectories in different places and over a long period of time. The current study attempts to assess variation in a local variety of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and explore the methodological and theoretical advantages to consider what we already know about variation in the vernacular spoken by the same community whose reading in the Standard we are investigating. The paper draws a distinction between Prescribed MSA and a local variety thereof, as attested in recordings of a text read aloud by speakers of a Palestinian dialect, which were collected as part of a broader battery of sociolinguistic interviews in the speakers’ two dominant languages, Arabic and Hebrew. This is a pilot study, in which variationist methods of quantification and contextual analysis were employed, with the hope for setting the stage for more elaborate studies on the various stylistic repertoires available to speakers of Arabic.
[Sudden difficulty in ventilation due to massive subcutaneous emphysema during laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 56-year-old woman with cholecystolithiasis was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol IV, and the trachea was intubated using vecuronium IV. Anesthesia was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide and propofol intravenously, and vecuronium was used for muscle relaxation. Following induction of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, PETCO2 slightly increased. During pneumoperitoneum PETCO2 as easily controlled by increasing minute volume of ventilation. Fifty minutes after the start of pneumoperitoneum, suddenly the peak airway pressure increased and PETCO2 reached 70 mmHg continuously. At this time, severe massive subcutaneous emphysema from the anterior thorax to the head and neck was noted, and the manual lung ventilation was very difficult. After discontinuation of pneumoperitoneum, PETCO2 gradually decreased with improvement of the neck subcutaneous emphysema. At the same time the lung ventilation improved. We speculate that major causes of difficulty in ventilation were the decreased compliance and the tracheal tube comppression, which were due to massive subcutaneous emphysema. Our findings show that we have to stop pneumoperitoneum immediately, when we find a sudden increase of the peak airway pressure or PETCO2 with subcutaneous emphysema during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
LCLC Resonant Converter for Solar PV to Grid Application

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An efficient DC-DC power converter capable of operating for wide input variation is essential for applications involving PV based systems. This is due to changes in irradiation, partial shading, temperature, and many other conditions resulting in large fluctuations in PV voltage. Additionally, the converter should be able to give high steady state gain while operating at minimum input voltage. In this work, a high gain LCLC resonant converter with reduced transformer turns ratio, and high power conversion efficiency is considered for solar photovoltaic (PV) to grid application. The presence of a voltage doubler secondary ensures a reduced turns ratio results in a smaller transformer size and minimizes the transformer parasitic. Frequency and phase shift control based hybrid modulation technique is incorporated to establish high voltage dc bus from wide varying PV source. The converter is analysed theoretically at various operating modes and the performance is evaluated with the help of a 500 W experimental prototype.
Androgen Resistance in the Neonate: Use of Hormones of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis for Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1987Androgen Resistance in the Neonate: Use of Hormones of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis for Diagnosis R.A. Nagel, B.M. Lippe, and J.E. Griffin R.A. NagelR.A. Nagel More articles by this author , B.M. LippeB.M. Lippe More articles by this author , and J.E. GriffinJ.E. Griffin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)43937-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Androgen Resistance in the Neonate: Use of Hormones of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis for Diagnosis." The Journal of Urology, 137(1), p. 179 © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 1January 1987Page: 179 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information R.A. Nagel More articles by this author B.M. Lippe More articles by this author J.E. Griffin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Is It All About the Tails? The Palma Measure of Income Inequality-Working Paper 343

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The “Palma” is the ratio of national income shares of the top 10 percent of households to the bottom 40 percent, reflecting Gabriel Palma’s observation of the stability of the “middle” 50 percent share of income across countries so that distribution is largely a question of the tails. In this paper we explore the Palma and corroborate the findings that the middle does indeed hold over time and through various stages of tax and transfers. Further, we find that the Gini is almost completely “explained” by only two points of the distribution: the same income shares which determine the Palma. It thus appears that both the Gini and the Palma, in practice, summarize the same information about the income distribution: but only in the case of the Palma is this explicit. This, we argue, makes the Palma a more useful (and intuitive) measure of inequality for policymakers and citizens to track.
Modelling AEM data with Zohdy's method

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Modelling AEM data with Zohdy's methodAuthors: Daniel SattelDaniel SattelFugro Airborne Surveyshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817239 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817239FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Daniel Sattel, (2002), "Modelling AEM data with Zohdy's method," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 30-33. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817239 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intrinsic alignment as an RSD contaminant in the DESI survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT We measure the tidal alignment of the major axes of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Legacy Imaging Survey and use it to infer the artificial redshift-space distortion signature that will arise from an orientation-dependent, surface-brightness selection in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Using photometric redshifts to downweight the shape–density correlations due to weak lensing, we measure the intrinsic tidal alignment of LRGs. Separately, we estimate the net polarization of LRG orientations from DESI’s fibre-magnitude target selection to be of order 10−2 along the line of sight. Using these measurements and a linear tidal model, we forecast a 0.5 per cent fractional decrease on the quadrupole of the two-point correlation function for projected separations of 40–80 h−1 Mpc. We also use a halo catalogue from the Abacussummit cosmological simulation suite to reproduce this false quadrupole.
SEKOLAH DASAR KONTEMPORER DENGAN FLEKSIBILITAS DAN KONEKTIVITAS RUANG SEBAGAI STRATEGI DESAIN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Information and Communication Technology has always been part of the lives of millennials, generation Z and Alpha, a significant difference in the learning process compared to previous generations. In the current educational environment, the meaning of "knowing" has shifted from being able to remember and repeat information to being able to find and use it. In an era with rapid technological development, student-centered learning environments are more constructivist and flexible and more suitable for building student’s knowledge. To prepare students for success in the development of the knowledge economy, new developments in the education system and learning environment are needed. The learning model in terms of curriculum, room quality, space configuration, and the program is adapted to the millennial teachers teaching behavior and generation Z and alpha students learning behavior so as to produce a collaborative learning environment between the millennial generation as teachers and generation Z and alpha as students. Contemporary schools with design strategies that provide flexibility, connectivity, freedom, space for social interaction and the education of their students. Curiculum and space programs that provide innovative elementary learning programs for indoor and outdoor play and learning taking into account children's physical, cognitive, emotional and social developmental aspects. Contemporary Elementary School is a mandatory formal education institution for children aged 7-12 years with a 6 years term that integrates contemporary education methods in the perspective of millennial, Z and Alpha.
Molecular mechanisms of porcine circovirus 2 replication and pathogenesis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) was originally isolated as a persistent contaminant of the porcine kidney cell line PK-15. Whereas, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs, which is devastating to the swine industry. My objectives were to determine the effect of maternally derived antibodies on PCV2 infection, assess the role of 2 amino acid substitutions in the PCV2 capsid protein in PCV2 attenuation, evaluate the effect of Rep gene exchange between PCV1 and PCV2 on growth characteristics of a chimeric PCV2, and evaluate the role of open reading frame (ORF) 3 of PCV2 in virus replication and pathogenesis in pigs. Under field conditions, PCV2 infection is widespread and most breeding pigs are seropositive. Assessment of the role of PCV2 maternal antibodies in preventing PCV2 infection in piglets provided evidence that higher levels of maternal antibody provide more protection to piglets. Two amino acid substitutions in the PCV2 capsid protein that enhanced virus replication in vitro and attenuated the virus in vivo were evaluated for their pathogenicity in pigs. The results indicated that P110A and R191S are collectively responsible for virus attenuation. PCV1 replicates better in PK-15 cells and grows at least 1-log titer higher than PCV2. A chimeric PCV with the rep gene of PCV1 replacing that of PCV2 in the genomic backbone of PCV2 replicated more rapidly than PCV1 and PCV2, and more efficiently than PCV2, although to a titer similar to PCV1. The ORF3 of PCV2 is believed to encode a protein involved in apoptosis. The ORF3 start codon was mutated from ATG to GTG and the resulting mutant muPCV2 was infectious in vitro and in pigs; therefore ORF3 is dispensable for virus replication. The pathogenicity of muPCV2 was compared with PCV2 in vivo. Delayed viremia and seroconversion, decreased viral loads, lower level of IgG antibodies, and lower amounts of PCV2 antigen in mesenteric lymph nodes suggested attenuation of muPCV2. However, there was no significant difference in histological or gross lesions in tissues between PCV2- and muPCV2-inoculated groups. The role of ORF3 in attenuation needs to be further elucidated.
ANALISIS VARIABEL-VARIABEL YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN UNTUK BERWAKAF TUNAI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the influence of the variables religious compliance, motivation, income, information media access, and knowledge of waqf on the decision to give cash waqf donation. This study method used a quantitative approach with logistic regression analysis. The data obtained were primary data sourced from the results of the questionnaires that have been distributed. The sample number in this study was 70 respondents, both cash waqf and non-cash waqf. The results of this study indicated that variables of religious compliance, information media access, and knowledge of waqf partially had a significant effect on the decision to give cash waqf donation. While the motivation and income variables partially had no significant impact on the decision to give cash waqf donation.