jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biologically-Inspired Optimal Control via Intermittent Cooperation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the solution of a large class of fixed-final-state optimal control problems by a group of cooperating dynamical systems.We present a pursuit-based algorithm -inspired by the foraging behavior of ants -that requires each system-member of the group to solve a finite number of optimization problems as it follows other members of the group from a starting to a final state.Our algorithm, termed "sampled local pursuit", is iterative and leads the group to a locally optimal solution, starting from an initial feasible trajectory.The proposed algorithm is broad in its applicability and generalizes previous results; it requires only short-range sensing and limited interactions between group members, and avoids the need for a "global map" of the environment or manifold on which the group evolves.We include simulations that illustrate the performance of our algorithm.
Abstract 1032: Establishing an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumorospheres formation of prostate epithelial cells for drug screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tumorospheres forming assay not only was utilized to enrich cancer stem cell from bulk cancer cells, also was widely used to analyze the ability of clonogenic growth and self-renewal capability of cancer stem cells. Meanwhile, chronic inflammation-induced epithelial transformation has been documented in a broad range of cells. However, the effect of chronic inflammatory agent on tumorosphere formation has never been tested. In current study, the classic pro-inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide was utilized to establish an in vitro model through inducing prostate tumoroshpere formation. Then, trichostatin A, a panel inhibitor of histone deacetylases, was tested in this model for its anti-tumor effect. The results showed that treatment with lipopolysaccharide stimulated prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cells undergoing migration and invasion with decreased the ratio of CK8 and CK18 versus vimentin. It also induced tumorospheres formation in suspension culture with increased a panel of tumor stem cell markers transcription (e.g. CD44, α-intergrin, nestin etc) and promoted phosphorylation of Stat3 (p-Stat3) and pro-oncogene c-Myc expression in vitro. Treatment with trichostatin A showed to restrain the above lipopolysaccharide-induced EMT and tumorosphere formation with decreasing the level of p-Stat3, p-Erk, p-c-jun, c-Myc, CD44 and SOX-2. Finally, blocking Stat3 signaling pathway by treatment with trichostatin A and/or small molecule compound Stattic, an inhibitor of p-Stat3, abrogated LPS-induced cancer stem-like tumorosphere formation. Taken together, our data demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide induced cancer stem-like tumorospheres formation successfully, which could be served as a simple and easy handling in vitro model for anti-tumor drug screening. Citation Format: Jiajia Jiang, Xueqi Lian, Sijie Tang, Xiaohua Li. Establishing an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumorospheres formation of prostate epithelial cells for drug screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1032.
PECULIARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF REVOLUTIONS ON THE POST-SOVIET SPACE ON DEMOCRATIC STATE-BUILDING PROCESSES (ON UKRAINE AND BELARUS EXAMPLES)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

У статті проаналізовано специфіку революційних подій у сучасній Білорусі, які розпочалися після виборів президента країни у 2020 р.Аналіз проведено на основі залучення широкої джерельної бази: від матеріалів ЗМІ, аналітично-інформаційних текстів, до перших наукових розвідок, які присвячені, зокрема, порівнянню подій української Революції Гідності та протестних
Insecticidal and insect growth regulatory activities of secondary metabolites from entomopathogenic fungi, Lecanicillium attenuatum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are effective alternatives to chemical insecticides because of their specificity and low environmental toxicity. Entomopathogenic fungi are an important natural pathogen of insects and have been developed as biological control agents. They produce a wide range of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, pesticides, growth‐promoting or inhibiting compounds and insect attracting agents. In this study, to explore novel IGR substances from entomopathogenic fungi, culture extracts of 189 entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Korean soil samples were investigated for their juvenile hormone (JH)‐based IGR activities. Whereas none of the culture extracts exhibited JH agonist (JHA) activity, 14 extracts showed high levels of JH antagonist (JHAN) activity. Among them, culture extract of JEF‐145 strain, which was identified as Lecanicillium attenuatum, showed the highest insecticidal against Aedes albopictus and Plutella xylostella . At liquid culture condition, JHAN activity was observed in culture soup rather than mycelial cake, indicating that substances with JHAN activity are released from the JEF‐145 strain during culture. Furthermore, while extract from solid cultured JEF‐145 strain showed insecticidal activities against both A. albopictus and P. xylostella , that from liquid cultured fungi showed insecticidal activity only against A. albopictus , indicating that L. attenuatum JEF‐145 strain produces different kinds of secondary metabolites with JHAN activity depending on culture conditions. These results suggested that JHAN substances derived from entomopathogenic fungi could be usefully exploited to develop novel eco‐friendly IGR insecticides.
Brain death

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restraint therapy is instituted to prevent injuries to patients or others by restricting a patient's movement. Used appropriately, restraint therapy reduces patient risk and improves outcome. Otherwise, restraint can cause accidental injury or even death. Physicians are ethically obliged to limit the use of restraints to clinically and adequately justified situations so that associated risks can be reduced. Physicians should consider whether the benefits of restraint therapy are worth the harms. This chapter presents two case studies on the appropriate use of restraint therapy. In the first case, the desire for the restraints may have been misguided. The second case exhibits the effects of restraint therapy on the family. The ethical principles of respect for patient self-determination (including informed consent obtained from surrogate decision-makers), beneficence and non-maleficence should weigh heavily in the decision to employ restraint as a mode of treatment.
Biofilm formation of <i>Salmonella</i> species isolated from fresh cabbage and spinach

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to isolate Salmonella from fresh cabbage and spinach vegetables, determine antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Spinach and cabbage farm vegetables were found to harbour Salmonella. A total of eighty-two Salmonella isolates were recovered from both vegetables and subjected to antimicrobial reactions. Salmonella isolate showed sensitivity against the aminoglycoside and quinolones. Isolates from cabbage showed . 80% susceptibility to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin and an average of 72% susceptibility was exhibited against gentamicin and ofloxacin. Also, isolates from spinach vegetable demonstrated excellent sensitivity against chloramphenicol (94%), nalidixic acid (90%) and ofloxacin (82%). Variable resistant patterns was observed for tetracycline (58%: 47%), ampicillin (55.5%: 31.4%), erythromycin (58.1%: 62.7%), streptomycin (64.5%: 76.5%), cephalothin (35.5%: 39.2%) against isolates from cabbage and spinach respectively. The assessment of biofilm formation by Salmonella on microtitre plate showed that all Salmonella isolates were able to form biofilms. Isolates from cabbage were mainly strong producer 15(48.3%), while 11(35.5%) of the isolates were moderate producers and 6(16.1%) weak producer. On the other hand, 28(54.9%) of Salmonella isolates from spinach vegetable were moderate producer, 12(23.5%) weak producer and 11(21.5%) strong producer. The finding of this study shows that cabbage and spinach is potential host for the transmission of Salmonella to humans or other animals. The ability of the isolates to form biofilm reveals the potential of the isolates to persist on the vegetable and the pathogenic status of the isolates as well as ability to resist antimicrobial chemotherapy. c JASEM
Effects of online teaching presence on students’ cognitive conflict and engagement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Understanding the role of teaching presence in students' learning can help improve online teaching. This study explored the effects of online teaching presence on students' cognitive conflict and engagement by analyzing three rounds of a course taught with different levels of teaching presence. The participants were 132 students enrolled across the three rounds. Content and lag sequential analysis were used to explore the effects of teaching presence on students' cognitive conflict and learning engagement. The results show that design and facilitation can engage students in reflection and involve them in cognitive conflicts and cognitive engagement (p < .001). Moreover, timely facilitation and direct instruction had no significant effect on students' responses to cognitive conflict. These results illuminate the impact of teaching presence on students' learning engagement through cognitive conflict and provide instructors with practical guidance for online teaching.
A global minimization algorithm for Tikhonov functionals with $p-$convex ($p\,\geqslant \,2$) penalty terms in Banach spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We extend the globally convergent TIGRA method in Ramlau (2003 Inverse Prob. 19 433–65) for the computation of a minimizer of the Tikhonov-type functional with the convex () penalty terms Θ for nonlinear forward operators in Banach spaces. The Θ are allowed to be non-smooth to include or TV (total variation) functionals, which are significant in reconstructing special features of solutions such as sparsity and discontinuities. The proposed TIGRA-Θ method uses a dual gradient descent method in the inner iteration and linearly decreases the regularization parameter in the outer iteration. We present the global convergence analysis for the algorithm under suitable parameter selections, and the convergence rate results are provided under both a priori and a posteriori stopping rules. Two numerical examples—an auto-convolution problem and a parameter identification problem—are presented to illustrate the theoretic analysis and verify the effectiveness of the method.
Effect of Malva Neglecta Wallr on Ethylene Glycol Induced Kidney Stones.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Malva neglecta Wallr has beneficial effects on preventing and treating CaOx deposition and decreasing tubulointerstitial damage on a dosage dependent manner. These effects may be due to the components presented in this plant such as saponins, flavonoids, mucilage, and phenolic compounds.
Reduced hippocampal dentate cell proliferation and impaired spatial memory performance in aged-epileptic rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Increased adult neurogenesis is observed after training in hippocampal-dependent tasks \nand also after acutely induced status epilepticus (SE) although the specific roles of these \ncells are still a matter of debate. In this study,we investigated hippocampal cell proliferation \nand differentiation and the spatial learning performance in young or aged chronically epileptic \nrats. Status was induced by pilocarpine in 3 or 20-month old rats. Either 2 or 20 months \nlater, rats were treated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and subsequently underwent to 8- \nday schedule of water maze (WM) tests. As expected, learning curves were faster in young \nthan in aged animals (P <0.001). Chronically epileptic animals exhibited impaired learning \ncurves compared to age-matched controls. Interestingly, the duration of epilepsy (2 or \n20 months) did not correlate with the memory impairment of aged-epileptic animals. The \nnumber of BrdU-positive cells was greater in young-epileptic subjects than in age-matched \ncontrols. In contrast, cell proliferation was not increased in aged-epileptic animals, irrespective \nof the time of SE induction. Finally, dentate cell proliferation was not related to \nperformance in theWM. Based on the present results we conclude that even though aging \nand epilepsy lead to impairments in spatial learning, their effects are not additive.
Capacity-building initiative to improve clinical outcomes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the US-Mexico border region

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

![Figure 1.][1]

Figure 1.
Five-year event-free survival for pediatric ALL increased from 37% to 56%.

![Figure 2.][1]

Figure 2.
Three-year overall survival for pediatric ALL is 70% at the GHT compared with 50% reported in Mexico.

![Figure][1]

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UK innovation support for energy demand reduction

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

While significant reductions in energy demand can be achieved by deploying existing technologies and management approaches, innovation can unlock further opportunities in the longer term. Research, development and demonstration plays a key role in enabling the development of innovative products and services. Energy efficiency has traditionally accounted for a low proportion of UK public sector energy research and development spend, although funders are now placing an increasing emphasis on the demand side. This paper addresses two questions – what are the priority themes for demand-side research and how should research be conducted and supported in order to maximise the quality of its outputs? It draws on a series of expert workshops organised by the Research Councils UK Energy Strategy Fellowship during the development of its UK energy research and training needs prospectus. The following priority themes for UK energy demand research are identified: system-level and socio-technical perspectives on energy demand; energy use in non-domestic buildings; examination of how large-scale and incremental technological innovations could reduce energy demand. To develop these themes there is a need for interdisciplinary research, field trials, arrangements for data collection and sharing, and raising funding support to levels comparable to those for energy supply technologies.
PALEOGENE PERIOD MAMMAL FOSSILS AND ITS TIME IN GANSU PROVINCE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of existing informations and according to the practice, Gansu Province was divided into three parts, that is western part, midst part and eastern part, we described from old to new the Paleogene Period mammal fossils group of Gansu Province, and it included its' occurrence location, horizon, characteristics, times, research workes and so on.
On some X-ray diffuse scattering effects on Cu–Al single crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A change in the diffuse scattering intensity distribution as a function of Al concentration in the α-phase Cu-Al solid solution is examined. The shape and intensity of the diffuse{\bar 1}11 and 020 reflexions are shown to change with increasing Al concentration. With 10 at.% AI as the starting point, new diffuse reflexions appear. These are interpreted in terms of the formation of new Al atom configurations.
Measurement, Nyquist and Shannon: A view of PMU metrology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is generally understood that in a (digital) measuring system, attention must be paid to the criterion usually identified with the name Nyquist. The paper shows that there is no such a priori requirement. The observations of Nyquist are examined: some may seem unfamiliar. Sampling and measurement are described as different activities in the quest of information retrieval. A link to Information Theory is discussed.
Sandra Scanlon, The Pro-war Movement: Domestic Support for the Vietnam War and the Making of Modern American Conservatism (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, $28.95). Pp. 352. isbn978 1 62534 018 4.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sandra Scanlon, The Pro-war Movement: Domestic Support for the Vietnam War and the Making of Modern American Conservatism (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, $28.95). Pp. 352. isbn978 1 62534 018 4. - Volume 48 Issue 4
Efficacy and Clinical Value of Commonly Used Ingredients in Pain Management Compounds: A LITERATURE REVIEW.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The need for continued improvement in pain management is growing. This review is aimed towards identifying the literature regarding clinical and therapeutic value of the commonly used ingredients in pain management compounds: lidocaine, tetracaine, ketoprofen, ketamine, and gabapentin. Prospectively, future studies should be conducted to identify the exact benefits and side effects of compounded pain management therapies, such that these compounds can be effectively utilized when deemed appropriate.
Women Doing Historical Research

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Questioning gender-related assumptions which have influenced the theory and practice of research, this paper explores the ramifications of a research approach that would take the personal into more serious account. A case study of the author's own research for and writing of Drawn to Art is presented. Several areas of concern are identified and examined, including the personal motivations of the researcher, the possible biases of the time or people under study, and the role of imagination in the reconstruction of one's own past and that of others.
Linear Recursive Networks and Their Applications in Distributed Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a new class of interconnection topologies called the Linear Recursive Networks (LRNs) and examine their possible applications in distributed systems. Each LRN is characterized by a recursive pattern of interconnection which can be specified by simple parameters. Basic properties such as node degree, diameter, and the performance of routing algorithms for all LRNs are then collectively analyzed in terms of these parameters. By choosing appropriate values for the parameters, our results can assist a network designer in selecting a topology with required routing performance and cost of interconnection. A subclass of LRNs, called Congruent LRNs (CLRNs), is also identified here and shown to possess desirable properties for more tightly coupled systems. It is shown that the CLRNs include existing networks such as hypercube and generalized Fibonacci cubes. These results suggest that the linear recursive networks potentially have applications in interconnecting distributed sy...
Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hungary represents the only country in the World where continuous earthworm research
has been carried out from the end of the 19th century till now. This 120 years of faunistic
and taxonomic research have required a summary for a long time, but publishing a
comprehensive book depends on at least three conditions; the scientific background,
willingness to write a book and the financial support. However, these three conditions
are rarely given simultaneously. This is the reason why a book on Hungarian earthworms
is still missing, whilst all the surrounding countries have published their own faunistic
work (ČERNOSVITOV 1935, GRAFF 1953, MRŠIĆ 1991, PEREL 1979, 1997, PLISKO 1973,
POP 1949). Today, it seems that all the conditions are fulfilled. The material is given, the huge
collection of the second author, result of 50 years of activity, contains some 35.000 specimens
from almost 1000 different localities across the country. The beginning of the new
millennium (and the 75th birthday of the second author) mentally forced us to summarize
our research done on the Hungarian earthworms. And last, the financial support from different
organizations made it possible to publish our results.
We are indebted to many colleagues who helped us with valuable comments while
preparing the manuscript. In particular Sándor Mahunka and István Andrássy who took
the tedious task to read the manuscript thoroughly and besides their useful remarks corrected
a lot of typing mistakes as well. We wish to thank Lajos Zombori not only for linguistically
polishing the text, but for his several useful editorial suggestions. We are most
grateful to Zsuzsanna Ádám and Szilvia Gesztesi for the technical assistance in preparing
and maintaining the earthworm database and handling the collection. The handdrawings
have been prepared by Maria Csuzdi.
The preparation of the computer-based earthworm database and the recent collecting
activity were supported by a grant of the Ministry of Environment and Water, Hungary
(KAC 0439352001), and by the Hungarian Scientific Research Found (OTKA
T042745).
The publication was made possible with the financial support from the joint project
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Environment and Water.
Historical origins of Qing male homoerotic sensibilities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Homoerotic Sensibilities in Late Imperial China is the richest exploration to date of late imperial Chinese literati interest in male love. Employing primary sources such as miscellanies, poetry, fiction and 'flower guides', Wu Cuncun argues that male homoeroticism played a central role in the cultural life of late imperial Chinese literati elites. Countering recent arguments that homosexuality was marginal and disparaged during this period, the book also seeks to trace the relationship of homoeroticism to status and power.In addition to historical portraits and analysis, the book also advances the concept of 'sensibilities' as a method for interpreting the complex range of homoerotic texts produced in late imperial China.
Contributions of general education to the training doctors and educators from a public university

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Resumo: O texto apresenta os resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar quais são, para egressos dos cursos de pedagogia e de medicina, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, as contribuições da formação universitária para uma atuação como profissional-cidadão. Procuramos desvendar a partir da avaliação dos egressos, aspectos de Educação Geral ao longo da formação, tanto nos currículos dos cursos como nas vivências universitárias oferecidas pela Unicamp. A pesquisa teve como base a importância de se ter uma formação universitária que ultrapasse os limites da formação técnica profissional específica e se estenda para uma que possibilite o desenvolvimento do senso crítico, do pensamento reflexivo, comportamento ético, habilitando para uma atuação com responsabilidade social. A amostra foi composta por 22,3% dos egressos do curso de medicina e 23,1% do curso de pedagogia. Os egressos de ambos os cursos avaliam que os aspectos de Educação Geral que mais vivenciaram foram as "discussões sobre grandes temas" e "estudos de clássicos da cultura ocidental". Quanto à atuação profissional, mais de 90% desses egressos encontram-se atuando na sua área de formação e têm autopercepção de que atuam como profissionais-cidadãos. A maioria (70%) dos egressos avalia ainda que esta atuação está relacionada à formação dada na universidade que foi: adequada para as práticas profissionais; amparada em conhecimentos científicos; com visão social; pautada na ética; com valores humanos, ou seja, possui elementos de Educação Geral que possibilitaram uma formação de profissionais-cidadãos