jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparative policy study of incarcerated mothers and their young children in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research reported in this thesis is a policy study of the impact of imprisonment on incarcerated mothers and their young children, aged birth to eight years (that is, mothers whose children live with them in custody and mothers who are separated from their children), in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and England. The study investigated the experience of incarcerated mothers and their young children, the relationship between the prison environment or institutional ecology on the relationships of these mothers with their children. The study looked at both the prison system which makes and implements policies affecting families, and the institutional ecology of different prisons.The research consisted of a cycle of policy analyses; interviews with policymakers, with inmate mothers, and with custodial and non-custodial staff; and observations within nine women's prisons and their respective correctional authorities in Australia and England.The study has used an extended ecological metaphor to examine the institutional ecology of the prisons and the prisons' ecological niches, that is, the prison Mother and Baby Units, the prison wings which house them or the visits areas where they meet for visits. The experience of incarcerated mothers and their young children embedded in these ecologies was examined with reference to the dimensions of their mutual attachment, the support from within and external to the ecology for their ongoing relationship, their shared routines of food and eating and their play experiences. The study scrutinised the policy process of translating conventional or received wisdom into practice, rather than basing policies on tested wisdom concerning these dimensions.The findings support the theory that the institutional ecology of the prison system as such, and of individual prisons, shows a mismatch between the male-constructed prison environment and the actual needs of inmate mothers and their children. The philosophy of incarceration, the mode of containment in prisons, prison rules and regulations were all found to run counter to the actual range of needs of incarcerated mothers and of their young children.This study is seen as timely because it fills a gap in research literature on maternal incarceration; it provides a dual focus on inmate mothers and their young children; and it responds to a policy climate conducive to serious policy review and human rights discourse within the four prison systems under investigation.
Terrorism – Prisons and Risk Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Coping with Islamist and right-wing terrorism and extremism requires a holistic approach. This paper examines the role of prisons on two levels in this context: as part of the state risk management, i.e. the role of prisons in the security architecture on the one hand, and risk management in prisons on the other hand. By highlighting the importance of an individualised perspective on the incarcerated persons bearing in mind the heterogeneity of the phenomenon, the paper also intends to raise interest beyond the purely dogmatic issues and to include the perspective of prisons in the discussion on how to deal with terrorism and extremism.
Lebesgue approximation of $(2,β)$-superprocesses

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $ξ=(ξ_t)$ be a locally finite $(2,β)$-superprocess in $\RR^d$ with $β<1$ and $d>2/β$. Then for any fixed $t>0$, the random measure $ξ_t$ can be a.s. approximated by suitably normalized restrictions of Lebesgue measure to the $\varepsilon$-neighborhoods of ${\rm supp}\,ξ_t$. This extends the Lebesgue approximation of Dawson-Watanabe superprocesses. Our proof is based on a truncation of $(α,β)$-superprocesses and uses bounds and asymptotics of hitting probabilities.
Emission Spectrographic Analysis of Tantalum Thin Films

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A dc-arc technique is described for the analysis of impurities in tantalum thin films. Films are sputtered directly on ultrapure graphite substrates, heat oxidized, and removed mechanically. Graphite is employed as the buffer, and samples are compared to standards of similar composition. The graphite-substrate technique has been applied to films of other metals produced by sputtering, resistance-heating evaporation, and electron-beam evaporation. Only portions of the spectrographic procedure are modified for different metallic films.
Monitoring vaccine protein glycosylation: analytics and recent developments

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glycosylation of key pathogen glycoprotein antigens can significantly affect antigenic properties. For example, pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus and influenza, can develop a ‘glycoshield’ over key antigens as they passage through host populations. In addition to shielding of antigenic sites key changes in glycosylation have been shown to modify host innate immune responses and both of these phenomena can potentially impact vaccine performance. A better understanding of glycosylation properties of vaccine antigens may better guide development of these products and management of their production processes. Due to the complexity of oligosaccharides, the analysis of these glycosylation states has been difficult and time consuming. With the advent of cutting edge mass spectrometry based techniques many of the barriers to glycan and glycoprotein analysis have been lowered. Combined with traditional techniques such as high field NMR, GC/MS, CE...
Rail crack detection based on the adaptive noise cancellation method of EMD at high speed

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve the accuracy of rail crack detection, especially for the high-speed condition, this paper proposes a rail crack detection method based on the adaptive noise cancellation method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The acoustic emission (AE) signals of simulated crack signals are obtained by the rail-wheel test rig, and these signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by EMD. The cross-correlation analysis is used to reserve the IMFs which contains useful information. Then, the denoising signals are reconstructed based on the reserved IMFs, and wavelet transform is employed to detect the crack signals from the denoising signals. Signals at different speeds are investigated by the proposed method and the interference of noise signals is suppressed effectively. The results illustrate that the proposed method can detect the rail crack signals effectively at high speed with noise.
Time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements of vortex and shear layer dynamics in the near wake of a tethered sphere

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The coupling between shear layer, near wake dynamics, and structural oscillations downstream of a tethered spherical pendulum undergoing vortex induced vibrations (VIV) has been experimentally investigated using time-resolved particle image velocimetry in a wind tunnel. One quarter of the sphere was imaged in the field of view (spatial resolution 0.043D) that extended to 1.17D from the sphere's center (D is the sphere diameter). Reynolds numbers based on D, ranged between 493 ≤ Re ≤ 2218 and reduced velocities between 3.18 ≤ U* ≤ 14.1, covering a non-oscillating sphere, periodic oscillations, and the onset of non-stationary sphere oscillations. After the first Hopf bifurcation, the sphere exhibited large amplitude periodic oscillations and the near-wake vortices periodically interacted with the sphere and flapping shear layer. At U* = 5.97, a “secondary” counterclockwise rotating vortex seemed to facilitate shear layer pinch-off. In agreement with the onset of shear layer instabilities for a stationary sphere, only at Re = 2218 power spectra of velocity fluctuations inside the shear layer indicated a weak, broad frequency peak centered at 15 Hz similar as those measured for stationary cylinders and spheres. This peak was consistent with the results of linear instability theory indicating that despite the inherent three-dimensionality of the shear layer, its instability characteristics (at least for the Re investigated here) can be considered to be quasi-two-dimensional. Small-scale, near-wake structures were observed in the instantaneous swirling strength maps at all U* and it is conjectured here that their interaction with the sphere and separating shear layer is the feedback mechanism through which VIV occurs and is sustained.
Reconstructing Historical Hurricane Tracks in the Atlantic Basin: Three Case Studies from the 1840s

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Analyzing past tropical cyclone activity enables researchers to recognize patterns of hurricane variability, estimate hurricane return periods, and assess local risk to future storms. This paleotempestology study used original primary data to make the historical record as comprehensive and accurate as possible for three major hurricanes: October 1844, October 1846, and September 1848. This thesis presents the reconstructed storm tracks, assesses the societal impacts, and evaluates the storm intensity of these three major hurricanes for the eastern U.S. and Cuba. The data utilized in this study include ship logbooks, newspapers, diaries, and instrumental meteorological records. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to construct the storm tracks of all three hurricanes and to map synoptic temperature data for the October 1846 and September 1848 storms. The estimated intensity of the tropical cyclones throughout their life cycle was included in the storm tracks, and intensity upon landfall was categorized based on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The results show that the October 1844 storm made landfall in western Cuba as a category 4 hurricane, causing substantial damages to Matanzas and the surrounding area. The October 1846 hurricane struck western Cuba with the intensity of a category 5 hurricane, producing devastating impacts in Havana before transitioning to an extratropical cyclone as it traveled northward across the eastern United States. The September 1848 storm originated in the western Gulf of Mexico and made landfall near Tampa Bay, Florida as a category 4 hurricane. This detailed investigation of individual historical hurricanes is an important step towards a more complete understanding of local-level hurricane risk as well as basin-wide hurricane variability.
Meditation mathematical formalism and Lorentz factor calculation based-on Mindfulness foundation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mindfulness foundation is an excellent method of the human spiritual development by the reasonable thinking and consideration, which was established by Lord Buddha a long time ago. There are four ways of thinking and consideration-(i) form (body), (ii) sensation, (iii) spiritual and (iv) Dhamma. In this paper, we propose the use of the form consideration for the spiritual development, in which the form can be considered thoroughly inside the body by the spiritual projection. By using the nonlinear microring resonator known as a Panda-ring resonator, the electromagnetic (EM) signals called polaritons can be generated by the coupling interaction between the intense EM fields and the ionic diploes within the almost closed system, where the dipoles can obtain from the coupling between the gold grating and the strong electromagnetic fields. In the manipulation, cells, tissues, and organs inside the human body can communicate with the spiritual (polaritonic) signals and investigation. The simulation results obtained have shown that the Lorentz factor of 0.99999959 is obtained. The successively filtering of the signal circulation within the body during the meditation can be formulated and the meditation behaviors modeled. The aura, the stopping, and the cold body states can be configured and explained.
Reversible hydration of formaldehyde. Thermodynamic parameters. [Erratum to document cited in CA73(11):55463r]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReversible hydration of formaldehyde. Thermodynamic parameters. [Erratum to document cited in CA73(11):55463r]Andreas A. Zavitsas, Mark Coffiner, Thomas Wiseman, and Lourdes R. ZavitsasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 29, 7792Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100131a059https://doi.org/10.1021/j100131a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Manage Reverse Power Flow and Fault Current Level in LV Network with High Penetration of Small Scale Solar and Wind Power Generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

High penetration level of rooftop small-scale
renewable energy generation (REG) such as solar and wind
power into the existing low voltage (LV) network would cause the
flow of power in reverse direction. This would also vary the level
of short-circuit current required for relays to operate. Relay
settings would be required to properly detect the unpredictable
fault current and isolate the faulty section. This paper
investigates the impact of residential distributed generation (DG)
penetration level on the typical UK low voltage network
protection system. Studies were commenced to properly charge
and discharge the home connected energy storage battery (ESB).
ESB is used as a remedial measure to confine the flow of reverse
power due to rooftop DGs. Penetration level DGs are modeled
based on proper ESB charging and discharging states in daily
load cycle. Short circuit analysis is simulated on
Matlab/Simulink. The power flow from the transformer
secondary is managed to avoid malfunctioning of relays
according to daily load cycle. Short circuit analysis results are
compared with the UK passive network to investigate the impact
of the DG on the short circuit currents at distribution
transformer.
Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa: Where do we Stand?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Third African Sanitation and Hygiene Conference was held in Kigali, Rwanda in July 2011. It was hosted by the Government of the Republic of Rwanda, and the African Minister s Council on Water. The meeting attracted extraordinary interest: over 1000 people registered and nearly 900 people attended from a total of 67 countries, including representatives of 42 African countries.\n\nThe content of AfricaSan 3 was aligned with the needs of countries as defined in country preparation meetings which took place in advance. AfricaSan 3 looked to address the country needs and to commitments and country action planning. Different groups (ministers, civil society, local government, utilities, and donors) committed to actions to support the goals of AfricaSan. The goal of the AfricaSan process is to support countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goal, (MDG) for sanitation and hygiene.\n\nSanitation and Hygiene in Africa: Where do We Stand? takes stock of progress made by African countries through the AfricaSan process since 2008 and the progress needed to meet the MDG on sanitation by 2015 and beyond. This book addresses priorities which have been identified by African countries as the key elements which need to be addressed in order to accelerate progress.\n-Reviews progress on implementing the eThekwini Declaration to meet the MDG for sanitation and progress generally in Africa. It analyses what is needed to accelerate the rate of access to sanitation in Africa.\n-Shares advances in the evidence base on sanitation and hygiene in Africa to be able to assist decision-makers to overcome key blockages in implementing large-scale sanitation and hygiene programs.\n-Raises the profile of sanitation and hygiene as a determinant of sustainable development in order to strengthen leadership and advocacy for sustained sanitation and behavior changes.\n\nThis book is essential reading for government staff from Ministries responsible for sanitation, sector stakeholders working in NGOs, CSOs and agencies with a focus on sanitation and hygiene and water and sanitation specialists. It is also suitable for Masters courses in water and sanitation and for researchers and the donor community.
Yolk–Shell Fe3O4@Void@N‐Carbon Nanostructures Based on One‐Step Deposition of SiO2 and Resorcinol‐3‐Aminophenol‐Formaldehyde (R‐APF) Cocondensed Resin Dual Layers onto Fe3O4 Nanoclusters

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Yolk–shell magnetic nanoparticles@nitrogen‐enriched Carbon nanostructures with a magnetic core and a hollow nitrogen‐enriched carbon shell exhibit considerable promise in various applications, such as drug delivery, heterogenous catalysts, removal of metal ions and organic pollutants, and screening of biomolecules, due to their strong magnetic response, unique cavities, and the selective absorption ability of nitrogen‐enriched groups. However, their complicated synthesis always involves possible surface modification, layer‐by‐layer deposition of a sacrificial middle layer and an outer nitrogen‐enriched layer on magnetic nanoparticles, subsequent carbonization, and final removal of the sacrificial middle layer. Herein, yolk–shell Fe 3 O 4 @nitrogen‐enriched carbon nanostructures are constructed based on NH 4 + ion‐induced one‐step deposition of SiO 2 and Resorcinol‐3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde cocondensed resin (R‐APF) dual layers onto poly acrylic acid‐modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoclusters without any extra surface modification. The N‐Carbon shell thickness of the yolk–shell Fe 3 O 4 @Void@N‐Carbon nanostructure can be finely tailored though tailoring the feeding amount of aminophenol and resorcinol to tune the thickness of the outer R‐APF resin shell onto Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 intermediate particles. This NH 4 + ion‐induced one‐pot deposition of double layers can effectively promote synthesis efficiency of this kind of yolk–shell nanostructure.
Ultrafast oscillating-magnetic-field generation based on electronic-current dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electronic-current dynamics play an important role in photoinduced processes and magnetooptics. We theoretically demonstrate ultrafast oscillating-magnetic-field generation based on the electronic dynamics from current carrying states irradiated by a nonhelical, linearly polarized laser field. In this driving field, the electronic currents oscillate periodically, which is attributed to the laser-induced energy shift of orbitals. These electronic currents can induce a strong spatial-localized oscillating magnetic field $\mathbf{B}(\mathbf{r},t)$ of several tens of Teslas (${10}^{4}$ G) at the center of targets. The frequency of the induced magnetic field ranges from terahertz to petahertz and can be continuously adjusted by varying the driving laser intensity. The optically induced oscillating magnetic fields we demonstrated will serve as a potential tool for investigations of the ultrafast dynamics in magnetic materials and chiral media.
Role of Ten Cent Fodder Plot in Small Dairy Farmer’s Income in Tiruchirappalli District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ten cent fodder plot, an effective fodder cultivation technique of Tami Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) was demonstrated in the farmer's field at Tiruchirappalli district.Farmers adopted this technique to cultivate fodder in Ten cent fodder plot method and the average yield of Co -5, Fodder sorghum, cow pea, stylosanthes, Agathi and fodder maize were observed as 1053, 227.45, 159.8, 66.2, 83 and 151.4 kg respectively.Farmers in the field realised their returns get increased by reducing the feed cost.It is observed that the cost of production per litre was about to ` 4 to ` 6.It is concluded that, small to medium farmers could adopt this ten cent fodder plot method to get maximum fodder production in minimal land resource.This method is not only improves the farmers' return, it also improves the animal health, reproduction and milk production by supplying green fodder to animal. HIgHlIgHTSm Fodder deficit is the major crisis among the livestock farmers and green fodder is highly essential to maintain livestock in healthy manner.m This study focused the ten cent fodder plot technique which is proven by TamilNadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for efficient fodder cultivation.m Fodder varieties such as Co -5, Fodder sorghum, cow pea, stylosanthes, Agathi and fodder maize were adopted and shown good result in this ten cent fodder plot technique.m A small to medium scale farmer can get improved returns due to reduced cost of production by fodder cultivation.
BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC HETEROGENICITY, GENE MAPING AND PREVENTION OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS HEREDITARY DISEASE IN THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the work: is to study the biochemical polymorphism, genetic diversity of mucopolysaccharidosis lysosomal hereditary disease in the population of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to compile a gene map of the disease for the population of the Republic and to develop the ways to prevent this disease. Materials and methods: It was discovered within expeditions in the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, during genetic screening among sick children treated at the CRH. Fluorimetric method and liquid chromatography were used for genetic screening. Results: Lysosomal enzymes for genetic screening of mygppolysaccharidosis hereditary diseases: α - L - iduronidase, Iduronatsulfatase, Heparan - N - sulfatase, α - N - acetylglucosaminidase, α - N - acetyl – CoA: Glycosamine - acetyltransferase, N - acetylglucosamine - 6 sulfatase, Galactosamine - 6 sulfatase, β - galactosidazole, Arylsulfatase B, β glucuronidase, N - acetylglucosamine -1- phosphotransferase activity were studied. Direct sequencing of IDS, HGSNA, GALNS and ARBS genes was performed by the Senger method. By using the method, disease-causing mutations within the IDS, HGSNA, GALNS, and ARBS genes were identified. The method was developed in the laboratory of GENTOGENE, Rostock, Germany. Conclusion: Based on the results of our biochemical and molecular genetic research, treatment and prevention methods will be developed separately for each type of mucopolysaccharidosis.