jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design an axial blood pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An axial flow pump prototype has been designed in Nanyang Technological University (NTU). In-vitro pump characteristics tests performed in this project showed that it is able to provide a pressure of 120 mmHg and a flow rate of 5 litres/min at an operating speed of 10,000 rpm. Experimental results have also indicated that the work done on the fluid is well distributed along the axial length of the pump rotor. This helps to prevent sudden high shear stresses from being exerted on the fluid particles, thus avoiding blood damage. Concept of the shrouded impeller was also introduced and tested as a possible improvement to the initial design of the motor integration prototype.
Hybrid analysis of heterogeneous materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the analysis of materials with heterogeneous microstructure, full resolution of the fine scale heterogeneities using classical finite element discretisation wi ll normally result in a large system of equations. The numerical solution of these, normally nonlinear, equations can be time consuming. An alternative approach is to homogenize the fine scale response. However, t his might lead to loss of information of the fine scale response, which can be of interest. This paper e xplores the performance of a hybrid strategy that describes the heterogeneous microstructure in a computationally efficient manner but avoids the need for homogenization. The strategy exploits the advantages of the hybrid-Trefftz stress (HTS) Finite Element Method [1] and classical micromechanics for modelling of inclusion-like composites in the range of small strains. The HTS finite element formulation is characterised by the ap proximation of stresses within the domain of the element, chosen so as to automatically satisfy equilibrium. Thus, compared to their classical FEM counterpart, HTS elements exhibit faster convergence of the stress fields. Furthermore, the displacements are approximated on element boundaries and the displacement basis is defined independently on each element interface. The element stiffness matrix can be expressed via a boundary, rather than domain, integral and the overall bandwidth of the stiffness matrix is very small and computationally efficient to solve. In the proposed strategy, the classical Trefftz approximat ion functions are augmented by the closed form solution due to the presence of an inclusion. Derivation of this additional Trefftz functions for a single inclusion in an infinite matrix [3, 4] is based on an ana lytically derived closed-form solution for the displacements, strains and stresses. The response resu lting from the interaction of multiple heterogeneities is obtained by superposition of the contribution from each single inclusion [2]. Although the proposed strategy is limited to simple inclusions, it still has the potential to be applicable to a wide range of highly heterogeneous materials, for example fibre reinfo rced composites, porous media, functionally graded materials, etc. The proposed methodology is optimized for problems with poor separation of scales and when detailed information about the response at the microscale is needed. Moreover, the implementation of the proposed strategy has been parallelized to take advantage of high performance computing facilities. Issues associated with levels of discretisation and rates o f convergence will be discussed. Finally, the model’s performance will be demonstrated on an academic exa mple of the elastic response of a 3D block of material comprising matrix and a number of fully embedded ellipsoidal inclusions. Validation of the proposed technique will be provided by comparison with the fi nite element analysis of the same problem but with the inclusions explicitly modelled.
Informatics and the Clinical Laboratory

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The nature of pathology services is changing under the combined pressures of increasing workloads, cost constraints and technological advancement. In the face of this, laboratory systems need to meet new demands for data exchange with clinical electronic record systems for test requesting and results reporting. As these needs develop, new challenges are emerging especially with respect to the format and content of the datasets which are being exchanged. If the potential for the inclusion of intelligent systems in both these areas is to be realised, the continued dialogue between clinicians and laboratory information specialists is of paramount importance. Requirements of information technology (IT) in pathology, now extend well beyond the provision of purely analytical data. With the aim of achieving seamless integration of laboratory data into the total clinical pathway, 'Informatics' - the art and science of turning data into useful information - is becoming increasingly important in laboratory medicine. Informatics is a powerful tool in pathology - whether in implementing processes for pathology modernisation, introducing new diagnostic modalities (e.g. proteomics, genomics), providing timely and evidence-based disease management, or enabling best use of limited and often costly resources. Providing appropriate information to empowered and interested patients - which requires critical assessment of the ever-increasing volume of information available - can also benefit greatly from appropriate use of informatics in enhancing self-management of long term conditions. The increasing demands placed on pathology information systems in the context of wider developmental change in healthcare delivery are explored in this review. General trends in medical informatics are reflected in current priorities for laboratory medicine, including the need for unified electronic records, computerised order entry, data security and recovery, and audit. We conclude that there is a need to rethink the architecture of pathology systems and in particular to address the changed environment in which electronic patient record systems are maturing rapidly. The opportunity for laboratory-based informaticians to work collaboratively with clinical systems developers to embed clinically intelligent decision support systems should not be missed.
Personalized modeling and sentiment analyzing on Chinese micro-blog posts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Trying to understand the sentiment of the human has always been the goal of artificial intelligence. But mining opinions and analyzing the sentiment information in internet is an ongoing challenge. The obstacles to the analysis of Chinese micro-blog are not only their very brief content, but also the lack of a suitable model of blogger personality to support it. This paper focuses on personalized modeling and sentiment analysis on Chinese Micro-blog posts. The main contribution of this paper is to take more comprehensive factors into consideration in the process of building personalized blogger model, which is used to assist and rectify the results calculated by sentiment analysis based on dynamic weighting adjustment. The experimental results also show the feasibility of the approach, and existing problems and future works are also present in the end.
UV physics from IR features: New prospects from top flavor violation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

New physics in the rare top decays t → qℓ<sup>+</sup>ℓ<sup>–</sup> is currently very weakly constrained. We show that in a large class of Standard Model extensions, existing experimental constraints on new physics in flavor-conserving processes imply strong indirect bounds on new physics contributions to flavor-violating processes of the form t → qℓ<sup>+</sup>ℓ<sup>–</sup>. These indirect bounds arise from basic principles of quantum field theory together with a few generic conditions on the UV structure of the theory, and are roughly an order of magnitude stronger than the present experimental bounds on the same processes. These constraints provide a theoretically motivated target for experimental searches for t → qℓ<sup>+</sup>ℓ<sup>–</sup>: violation of these bounds would exclude a large class of new physics models, and would provide nontrivial insight into the UV behavior of the new physics.
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Burden in Patients With Lower Household Incomes vs Higher Household Incomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess the differences in measures of diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease burden between patients in high-income vs low-income ZIP codes when presenting to retina specialists. Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised patients who presented to a retina specialist at Duke Eye Center between 2014 and 2023 for the management of DR. The quartile of patients with the highest income was compared with the quartile with the lowest income. Demographic data included age, sex, and race. Clinical data included glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ), visual acuity (VA), DR diagnostic stage, presence of diabetic macular edema (DME) or vitreous hemorrhage, and whether treatment was indicated. Measures of DR disease burden included HbA 1c , VA, presence of DME or vitreous hemorrhage, severity of DR, and need for intervention. Results: The analysis included 430 eyes of 215 patients. After controlling for age, sex, race, and glycemic control, it was found that patients in the low-income group were more likely to have DME at presentation ( P < .01), to have more severe DR at presentation ( P < .001), and to require an intervention for DR ( P < .001). The VA was worse in the low-income group than in the high-income group (20/50 vs 20/32; P < .10); however, this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Patients living in low-income ZIP codes have greater DR severity, a higher prevalence of DME, and need for treatment than their high-income counterparts when first presenting to a retina specialist. These findings suggest that patients from low-income backgrounds may face additional barriers before being evaluated by a retina specialist, resulting in more clinically advanced stages of DR at presentation.
Laughing Matters in Courts: Humor’s Role in Normalizing Hate Speech

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Humor is a form of speech capable of boosting the political value of a speech’s content or even reversing its meaning. Courts acknowledge these qualities by considering that an expression may enjoy an elevated level of free speech protection against government sanctions or private suits if it is formulated in a humorous way. This article spotlights another key attribute of humor, that is perhaps more consequential for the socio-political impact of an expression but that nonetheless does not seem to be invoked in free speech litigation: its power to increase the exposure of the speech. A humorous presentation of an idea offers its audience an entertaining form that is desirable to consume independently of the message it conveys. It lowers the costs of processing irrelevant or objectionable content and so bears the potential of catching the attention of those who would not otherwise be exposed to it. I argue that the capacity of humor to “raise the volume” of speech must be accounted for in the balancing formulas of constitutional and international free speech litigation. To underline the importance of this factor, I focus on cases of hate speech, a category where humor plays a decisive role in the outreach to audiences that do not always share the prejudice or intolerance of the speaker. This article analyzes the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and of French courts as an example of the general disregard of courts for humor’s amplification of hate speech. The far-reaching damage potential of this disregard is demonstrated on the case of Dieudonné, a notorious French antisemitic comic who has masterfully exploited humor to expose large audiences to hateful content.
Review: Oral antifungal drugs promote cure of fungal foot infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Source Citation Bell-Syer SE, Hart R, Crawford F, et al. Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(2):CD003584 (latest version 5 Dec 2001). 12076488 (All 2002 articles were reviewed for relevancy, and abstracts were last revised in 2008.)
The Authors' reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We would like to thank Mr Adrian Jubb and his colleagues for sharing their interesting findings.1 In our opinion their data provide additional support for our study2 but fall short of sufficiently addressing the question of the correlation between 11p15.5 DNA copy number gain and ASCL2 expression in liver metastases of colorectal cancer.

Consistent with our findings, Jubb et al did not detect copy number aberrations on chromosome band 11p15.5 in two additional sets of primary colorectal cancers (pCRC). Nevertheless, over-expression of ASCL2 RNA was …
Barreria capensis Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Barreria capensis, spec. nov. 1. Barreria. Erica capitata s. nodiflora, corios foliis rectis, aethiopica. Pluk. mant. 69. t.346. f.7. Habitat in AEthiopia . ♄ Frutex; Rami per spatia determinata conferti, erecti, rufescentes, adspersi pilis albis. Folia alterna, approximata, ovato-lanceolata, integerrima, pilis albis velut ciliata; Capitula florum terminalia; Simillima est habitu Diosmae ciliatae.
Multiphysics Finite Element Analysis of Wire and Ribbon Bonds Under Pulse Power Loads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pulse power systems and devices represent a specialised area within electrical engineering. These systems are commonly employed in applications requiring substantial energy delivery over a short duration. Operating semiconductor devices under such conditions presents distinct challenges regarding their reliability, as they must endure high instantaneous power levels albeit at low duty cycles of less than 1%. Multiphysics finite element analysis (FEA) has previously been utilised to evaluate packing reliability under standard thermal and cycling power loads. This paper aims to employ FEA to assess the mechanical stress on the wire bond–die interface resulting from the high peak currents specific to these applications. The results and analysis show that pulse power applications apply additional stresses to the wire–bond die interface that have a significant effect on device reliability. A comparison between wire bond and ribbon bond interconnections was completed, showing how this additional stress can be reduced, allowing for more robust devices for pulse power applications.
Translational Motion Compensation Method Based On Global Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for ISAR Imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The complex motion of ISAR maneuvering targets can be fitted by high-order polynomials. Under the condition of a low signal-to-noise ratio, the existing ISAR translational compensation methods are difficult to evaluate the motion error efficiently and accurately. In response to these problems, this paper proposes an ISAR translational compensation method based on the Global Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (GBOA). First, the target translational component is modeled as a high-order polynomial form and the objective function is constructed with image entropy as the evaluation criterion. Then, the initial value of the optimization iteration can be achieved by rough estimation of the translational component. Finally, the Global Butterfly Optimization Algorithm is used to estimate and compensate for the translational error efficiently and accurately. In addition, based on the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, the proposed method introduces a global variable factor, which makes GBOA has a higher convergence speed and the ability to avoid falling into a locally optimal solution. The experimental results of Yak-42 measured data verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Increased Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference After Physical Training in Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A preliminary study of 12 male patients (mean age, 47.8 years) with coronary heart disease (six with angina pectoris and six with prior myocardial infarction but without angina) was conducted according to a common protocol in Seattle, Washington, and Louvain, Belgium. Maximal oxygen intake (V o o2 max) and hemodynamic studies at rest and at two or three levels of submaximal exercise in the upright position were obtained before and after a 3-month physical training program that involved three sessions of 45 min/week. "V o o2 max" increased 22.5% ( P < 0.0001) with physical training. Changes in maximal heart rate occurred in the patients with angina (+8.4%) but not in those without angina (+0.8%). At rest and at each submaximal exercise, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and cardiac output decreased after training, whereas stroke volume was unchanged and arterio-mixed venous oxygen (A-V o o2 ) difference increased. The pressure-rate product and the left ventricular work decreased after training. The classic posttraining bradycardia was compensated not by a higher stroke volume but by an increased A-V o o2 difference which resulted from both a higher arterial oxygen content and an increased peripheral oxygen extraction. The latter was more apparent when exercises of the same relative intensity were compared. Thus, benefits with physical training in coronary patients result at submaximal exercise level from enhanced arterial oxygen content and peripheral extraction and secondarily from lower hemodynamic stress on ischemic myocardium. Increased maximal A-V o o2 difference probably explains most of the increase in "V o o2 max" with physical training in coronary patients not limited by angina pectoris.
Process Definition using Subobject Transformation Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Process definition on the basis of graph transformation systems was introduced by the concept of occurrence grammars, which are a generalization of Petri net processes given by occurrence nets. Recently, subobject transformation systems were proposed as abstract framework for occurrence grammars in adhesive categories, but they are still restricted to injective matches for graph transformation steps. In this paper we review the construction of STSs as processes for plain graph grammars and discuss an extension to attributed graph grammars with non-injective matches. This is the basis for a forthcoming formal treatment in the framework of adhesive categories.
Viscoelastic aquifer model applied to subsidence due to pumping

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A viscoelastic aquifer model, proposed earlier by the authors, is applied to analyze and predict the piezometric drawdown and the compaction observed in a major confined aquifer system in the San Joaquin Valley in California. A field approach is used based on a minimal number of ‘bulk’ parameters. These parameters, which are the transmissivity, the compressibilities of primary and secondary consolidation, and the viscosity of the secondary consolidation, were derived by calibration of the model by means of trial and error simulation of 2 years of records of drawdown and compaction. It was found that in the absence of drawdown records the identification may also be accomplished with compaction records in addition to a standard pumping test. Comparison of computed results with available records shows that the viscoelastic model yields a satisfactory prediction of compaction which is far better than that obtainable with the elastic model of the classical Theis‐Jacob approach. The elastic model may be adequate to represent the hydraulic properties of the aquifer in the analysis of the piezometric drawdown; however, it appears to be unsatisfactory to represent the mechanical properties of the aquifer as related to surface subsidence.
Magnetometer networks during the International Magnetosphere Study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) has been organized as an international program for the first extensive attempt to perform coordinated research on well‐defined problems of the terrestrial magnetosphere [ Joint COSPAR/IUCSTP Special Study Group for the IMS , 1971,1972;; Roederer , 1976; Manka , 1976]. Over the last decade or more, using instrumented satellites and sophisticated ground‐based observations, we have learned that the space environment surrounding the earth consists of an extremely complex system of electric and magnetic fields and charged particles (Figure 1). However, it may be one of the simpler of the natural plasma systems found among the other planets in the solar system and throughout the universe. As we progress to a deeper physical understanding of the earth's fascinating plasma environment, we will undoubtedly reach better appreciation and comprehension of these other systems. Further, and not to be underestimated, are the contributions that these understandings will make in significant ways to the establishing of more fundamental bases for the environmental processes known to affect complex man‐made technological systems.
Using clouds to provide grids HigherLevels of abstraction and explicit support for usage models. internal-pdf:// cloud-grid-saga-3552647680/cloud-grid-saga.pdf

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Grids in their current form of deployment and implementation have not been as successful as hoped in engendering distributed applications. Amongst other reasons, the level of detail that needs to be controlled for the successful development and deployment of applications remains too high. We argue that there is a need for higher levels of abstractions for current Grids. By introducing the relevant terminology, we try to understand Grids and Clouds as systems; we find this leads to a natural role for the concept of Affinity, and argue that this is a missing element in current Grids. Providing these affinities and higher-level abstractions is consistent with the common concepts of Clouds. Thus this paper establishes how Clouds can be viewed as a logical and next higher-level abstraction from Grids.
Fresh Beef Quality from Cattle Fed Field Peas During Pasture and Finishing Phases of Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study evaluated the use of field peas during two phases of production on fresh beef quality. Cattle (n = 232) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 3x2 factorial design consisting of 3 pasture and 2 finishing supplementations. The pasture phase consisted of 1) no supplement, 2) field peas at 0.5% body weight (BW), or 3) dry-rolled corn supplement at 0.5% BW. The finishing phase consisted of 1) no field peas or 2) field peas at 20% dry-matter basis. Strip loin samples, aged 14 d, were subjected to retail display (RD) for an additional 7 d. Tenderness via Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and Slice Shear force (SSF), objective (L*, a*, and b*) and subjective color, lipid oxidation (TBARS) and fatty acid composition were evaluated. Dietary treatment had no effect on tenderness. Steak discoloration was low (&lt; 3%). All objective color measurements displayed interactions between pasture and finishing diets (L*, P = 0.0035; a*, P = 0.0189; b*, P &lt; 0.0001) yet no consistent patterns among treatments could be identified. Extended aging periods would be required to visually influence consumer color perception. Beef finished with field peas had slightly greater lipid oxidation than samples from cattle not receiving field peas during finishing (1.56 vs. 1.44 mg malonaldehyde/kg tissue, respectively; P = 0.0541). There was a significant interaction between pasture and finishing treatments for C15:1 (P = 0.0331). Feeding field peas during the pasture phase increased C 18:2 (P = 0.0381) relative to cattle supplemented with corn; cattle without supplement in the pasture phase had intermediate amounts of C18:2. Total saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P &gt; 0.05) were unaffected by dietary treatments. Field peas may be used for cattle with minimal negative impact on fresh meat quality.