jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Model selection, adaptation, and combination for transfer learning in wind and photovoltaic power forecasts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is recent interest in using model hubs – a collection of pre-trained models – in computer vision tasks. To employ a model hub, we first select a source model and then adapt the model for the target to compensate for differences. There still needs to be more research on model selection and adaption for renewable power forecasts. In particular, none of the related work examines different model selection and adaptation strategies for neural network architectures. Also, none of the current studies investigates the influence of available training samples and considers seasonality in the evaluation. We close these gaps by conducting the first thorough experiment for model selection and adaptation for transfer learning in renewable power forecast, adopting recent developments from the field of computer vision on 667 wind and photovoltaic parks from six datasets. We simulate different amounts of training samples for each season to calculate informative forecast errors. We examine the marginal likelihood and forecast error for model selection for those amounts. Furthermore, we study four adaption strategies. As an extension of the current state of the art, we utilize a Bayesian linear regression for forecasting the response based on features extracted from a neural network. This approach outperforms the baseline with only seven days of training data and shows that fine-tuning is not beneficial with less than three months of data. We further show how combining multiple models through ensembles can significantly improve the model selection and adaptation approach such that we have a similar mean error with only 30 days of training data which is otherwise only possible with an entire year of training data. We achieve a mean error of 9.8 and 14 percent for the most realistic dataset for PV and wind with only seven days of training data.
Free Boundary Problems Associated with Multiscale Tumor Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

\n \nThe present paper introduces a tumor\nmodel with two time scales, the time t during which the tumor\ngrows and the cycle time of individual cells. The model also\nincludes the effects of gene mutations on the population density\nof the tumor cells. The model is formulated as a free boundary\nproblem for a coupled system of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic\nequations within the tumor region, with nonlinear and nonlocal\nterms. Existence and uniqueness theorems are proved, and\nproperties of the free boundary are established.\n\n
Impact of delayed seed drop on rodent‐mediated seed dispersal and predation of pine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Many plants exhibit a canopy seed bank, where seeds persist within the canopy for prolonged periods, gradually descending over time and potentially influencing seed predation and animal‐mediated dispersal. However, the impact of delayed seed drop on animal predation and seed dispersal remains unclear. We used Chinese Armand pine seeds to simulate delayed seed drop of the canopy seed bank by releasing 7800 pine seeds in both winter and the following summer over 2 years, tracking their fates to investigate its effect on seed predation and dispersal by rodents in a pine plantation in southwest China. Results showed significant seasonal differences in seed fate. In summer, seeds experienced higher predation rates (62.08% vs 3.80% in winter) and lower scatter‐hoarding rates (4.18% vs 15.40% in winter). Additionally, seeds in summer were dispersed farther (4.20 m vs. 3.56 m in winter) and primarily formed single‐seed caches, as opposed to multi‐seed caches in winter. Although delayed seed drop increased immediate predation risks, favorable summer conditions allowed for rapid germination, reducing long‐term exposure to predation. In conclusion, while delayed seed drop increases immediate predation risks and reduces caching, it concurrently enhances dispersal distances and reduces cache size.
Prototype design of singles processing unit for the small animal PET

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Position Emission Tomography (PET) is an advanced clinical diagnostic imaging technique for nuclear medicine. Small animal PET is increasingly used for studying the animal model of disease, new drugs and new therapies. A prototype of Singles Processing Unit (SPU) for a small animal PET system was designed to obtain the time, energy, and position information. The energy and position is actually calculated through high precison charge measurement, which is based on amplification, shaping, A/D conversion and area calculation in digital signal processing domian. Analysis and simulations were also conducted to optimize the key parameters in system design. Initial tests indicate that the charge and time precision is better than 3‰ FWHM and 350 ps FWHM respectively, while the position resolution is better than 3.5‰ FWHM. Commination tests of the SPU prototype with the PET detector indicate that the system time precision is better than 2.5 ns, while the flood map and energy spectra concored well with the expected.
Regulation on miRNA to osteoporosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

miRNAs are endogenous non-coding single-stranded small RNA molecule and are predicted to regulate 30% of all human genes by targeting mRNA sequences in their 3'UTR.As important post-transcriptional regulators,miRNAs play a positive role in various biological processes,including proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,metabolism,and so on.Recent studies have indicated that miRNAs are associated with caner,cardiac disease,diabetes,Parkinson syndrome and multidrug resistance.Herein the article reviews the regulation on miRNAs to osteoporosis.
SunNet: A Deep Learning Approach to Detect Sunflower Disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Helianthus annuus, often known as sunflower, is a crop that is only mildly affected by drought. The agricultural sector of the economy benefits greatly from this. However, various illnesses have imposed a halt on sunflower cultivation over the world. However, many severe diseases will affect plants if corrective measures are not taken sooner. Therefore, it will have a negative impact on sunflower yield, quantity, and quality. Diagnosing a disease by hand can be a time-consuming and difficult process. Object recognition methods that use deep learning are becoming increasingly commonplace today. This study has developed a strategy for identifying diseases in sunflowers. A total of 1428 photos were utilized to complete this task. Images have also been processed using methods like resizing, adjusting contrast, and boosting color. Here, the area of the photos afflicted by the disease is segmented by using k-means clustering, and then retrieved characteristics from those regions. Four deep-learning classifiers were used to complete the classification. For the purpose of comparing classifier quality, four performance evaluation measures are computed. The best-performing classifier overall was a ResNet50 classifier, which had an average accuracy of 97.88% and the lowest accuracy is obtained from Inception V3.
Immunological Study of Carbonic Anhydrase in C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Plants Using Antibodies to Maize Cytosolic and Spinach Chloroplastic Carbonic Anhydrase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was purified to homogeneity from maize leaves, and antibodies to the purified protein raised using rabbits. Western blot analyses using antibodies to the purified maize leaf CA indicated cross-reactivity with leaf extracts from a variety of C3 and C4 monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. However maize leaf CA antibodies quantitatively titrated CA activity only in leaf extracts of maize and sorghum. Pretitration of crude leaf extracts with maize CA antibodies and activity measurements, together with Western blot analyses of the resultant samples, indicated that there are isozymic forms of CA in plant leaf tissues in both C3 and C4 plants which are similar in size but which differ antigenically from the maize leaf CA.
Intermedia Agenda Setting and Grassroots Collectives: Assessing Global Media’s Influence on Greek News Outlets

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on a variety of grassroots collectives that emerged during the Greek economic crisis and aims to record activists’ own perceptions regarding the way that domestic media reacted after these collectives featured on the front pages of global news outlets. Drawing on 10 in depth interviews with activists participating in five grassroots collectives, this study brings together social movement and communications theoretical frameworks. Interviewees were asked about their perceptions regarding the role that global elite media coverage may have played in the salience of their endeavors in domestic media. Subsequently, we tested their personal testimonies by implementing a time series analysis on three Greek newspapers for a period of seven days before and after a front page publication in global elite media. Findings suggest that there is a big discrepancy between the perceived and the actual impact of global elite media on the agenda of domestic newspapers. To this end, further research should be undertaken to specify the exact characteristics that influence which grassroots collective will gain prominence in the public realm.
Design of 2D Self-Supported Hybrid CuSe@PANI Core/Shell Nanosheet Arrays for High-Performance Flexible Microsupercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

All-solid-state micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are ideal energy storage devices for fast-growing and high-integrated small electronic devices. In this paper, 2D self-supported hybrid CuSe@PANI core/shell nanosheet arrays have been prepared successfully for constructing high-performance MSCs. The unique self-supported core/shell structure can provide numerous open channels and enlarge specific surface area of PANI, which is extremely beneficial to ion adsorption/desorption and ion diffusion of electrolyte. Electrochemical tests indicate that the self-supported hybrid CuSe@PANI nanosheet array shows the outstanding electrochemical performance (308.9 mF cm–2) with excellent cycling stability (89.80% of capacitance retention after 30 000 circles). As for practical applications, the prototype of flexible all-solid-state MSC displays a maximum energy density of 7.55 mW h cm–3 and achieves a highest power density of 2307 mW cm–3. The device shows superior cycling stability with 92.30% capacitance retention after 13 500 cycles. The synthesis of 2D self-supported hybrid CuSe@PANI core/shell nanosheet array and its successful application in MSCs offer new opportunities for developing micro energy storage devices.
Users perception on a shared pathway (pedestrians' perspective)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With sudden spike in Personal Mobility Devices (PMD) users in shared footway in recent years, the rate of accidents occurring on the footway increased tremendously with many of such cases being life threatening. Though there may be code of conducts and rules and regulations in place, the rate at which accidents are occurring continues to remain high where pedestrians and PMD users fails to share the footway safely and efficiently, especially so when PMD has been officially banned from vehicular roads in Singapore. Since there were little to no study on the interactions between pedestrian and PMD users, the current code of conducts and rules and regulations may not suffice in alleviating issues and conflicts which are currently occurring down on the ground. Therefore, there is a need to understand the current situation to alleviate conflicts caused by such interaction. The purpose of this study is to find out the perception of pedestrians and their behaviour during interactions with PMD on a footway, through means of data analysis of interview survey and immersive VR experiment that were conducted. Through analysis of the data collated, the results were agreeable to the change of speed limit from 15km/h currently to 10km/h which would happen in 2019 to make the interactions between pedestrian and PMD users a much pleasant and safe experience. Further recommendations were also given to counter underlying issues that were found out through the surveys.
Greenhouse Investigations on the Effect of Guava on Infestations of Asian Citrus Psyllid in Grapefruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reports from Vietnam indicate interplanting guava with citrus reduces infestations of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) (Diaphorina citri) in citrus. We therefore conducted cage studies in a greenhouse to assess the effect of different guava cultivars on adult ACP mortality and settling behavior on citrus (young potted grapefruit). The effects of cotton and tomato were also evaluated in some tests as non-citrus, neutral host species. Survival of adult ACP confined to potted guava in no-choice situations was reduced as compared to survival on potted grapefruit. However, adult survival was also reduced when they were confined to potted cotton or tomato. Adult ACP released into cages containing only citrus generally moved faster to citrus than when either ‘White’ guava or cotton was present. Greater numbers of adults were consistently observed on citrus over time in cages with only citrus as compared to in cages with citrus in the presence of guava or cotton. This may have been due to differences in the total plant surface area in cages with citrus alone compared to citrus caged with another plant. Mortality rates of adults were increased in cages containing both citrus and guava in one of two studies. While significant reductions in infestations of adults on young grapefruit sometimes occurred in cages containing both citrus and guava in the greenhouse, the reductions were not enough to verify the Vietnamese guava effect.
Information technology selection process and perceived impacts in physician's practices

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To date, few articles have documented the selection process and the resulting impact of the information technology on the health care organization. Information technology (IT) for this study is defined as: computer software used to store, transport and communicate information. This study was designed to gain understanding on how physicians and office staff select software and what the perceptions are of the software after implementation. The primary objective of this research was to identify relationships (if any) between the selection process and the perceived impacts of the software on the physician's practice.
[Etiology study on severe cases caused by hand-foot-mouth disease in children from Henan province, 2014].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EV71 still remained the most common pathogen that causing severe HFMD in children, with the increasing Cox A10 percentage in the pathogens spectrum of HFMD infection. Cox A10 strains in Henan in 2014 belonged to genotype 6. Genotype 6 Cox A10 had appeared and widely distributed in Henan for long time, but not yet variated or reconstructed. Cox A10 infection could lead to cardio-respiratory failure thus called for the monitoring program on non-EV71 and non-Cox A16 enterovirus, especially Cox A10 to be strenthened.
The Politics of Religion and the Rise of Social Catholicism in Peru (1884-1935): Faith, Workers and Race Before Liberation Theology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In The Politics of Religion in Peru (1884-1935) Ricardo Cubas Ramacciotti offers an account of the Catholic Church’s responses to the secularisation of the State and society along with an appraisal of the contributions of Social Catholicism in post-independence Peru.
Scattering from cylindrical shells due to membrane waves.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of acoustic backscattering from an ensonified thin cylindrical steel shell in water were displayed in a three-dimensional manner as a function of both frequency and angle of incidence by using color to represent the pressure levels. The display clearly showed two sets of frequency–angle loci which represent high levels of backscattering. One set is confined to an angular interval of 17 deg on either side of the shell normal, and the other set is confined to an interval of 29 deg on either side of the normal. Theoretical analysis indicated that these loci are associated with the two types of membrane waves in the shell that are generated by the incident wave, and represent frequency–angle combinations which yield a circumferential membrane wave number whose real part is an integer, and correspondingly high membrane wave vibration levels. Excellent agreement was obtained between the measured loci and those calculated theoretically.
British Gallup Poll # 1956-CQ002: Political and Economic Affairs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Government control of industry (1); nationalization of industries (6); approved/disapproved of Conservative government's action in returning iron and steel industry and part of British Road Services to private ownership (1); would approve/disapprove if next Labour government were to nationalize certain industries (11); would vote Conservative/Labour/Liberal if there were a general election tomorrow (1); May 1955 general election (1); which country is Britain's best friend (1); America (3); opinion of some leading politicians (5); opinion of certain firms (11); connection with certain firms (11); have/have not bought a watch since mid April last (8); planning/not planning to buy a watch before mid January next (8).
Rectal prolapse in young adults.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electromyographic studies in young adults with rectal prolapse have shown that there are a group of persons who cannot pull their prolapses in who have got very abnormal electromyograms. If this group are treated with major pelvic floor surgery the electromyogram appears to return to almost normal in two years. There are other young adults with rectal prolapse who can pull the prolapse in by contracting their own pelvic floors whose electromyograms approximate more closely to the normal. This latter group were treated with the insertion of circumanal nylon. It seems possible to differentiate the two groups without using electromyography on the basis of whether or not they can pull in the prolapse by contracting the pelvic floor and therefore the selection between patients for major surgery and minor surgery can be a clinical one. Further it would seem that as an initial operation, even the patients who are in the bad group can be treated by good bowel training and in a lesser operation, that if the bowel is kept in, the electromyograph returns to normal and hopefully in some of the patients major surgery is avoided.
Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The possible role of dietary fiber in the etiology of head neck cancers (HNCs) is unclear. We used individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, to examine the association between fiber intake and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted fiber intake and adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use and other known or putative confounders. Fiber intake was inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer combined (OR for 5th vs. 1st quintile category = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40–0.59; p for trend <0.001) and with laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82, p for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral and pharyngeal cancer combined. Nonetheless, inverse associations were consistently observed for the subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancers and within most strata of the considered covariates, for both cancer sites. Our findings from a multicenter large-scale pooled analysis suggest that, although in the presence of between-study heterogeneity, a greater intake of fiber may lower HNC risk.
New ways in the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

If until now the views of most authors still diverge on the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers, then there is complete unanimity in assessing the role of the nervous system in the development and course of gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers, stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers have long ceased to be considered as local disease, it is a manifestation of a disease of the whole organism with the localization of the process in the stomach or duodenal ulcer, which finds its expression in the term peptic ulcer disease. This view, firmly established in medicine, on stomach and duodenal ulcers is impossible, of course, not consider when it comes to treating this suffering.
Solving Aircraft Landing Problem Using Constraint Handling Technique And Population Based Algorithms

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis addresses the problem of sequencing aircraft landings at an airport. This problem is known as Aircraft Landing Scheduling (ALS). ALS is a part of Aircraft Landing Problem (ALP). Given a set of aircrafts and runways, the objective is to minimise the total deviation from the target landing time for each aircraft. There are costs associated with landing either earlier or later than a target landing time for each aircraft. Each aircraft must land on one of the runways within its predetermined time windows such that separation criteria between all pairs of planes are satisfied. This thesis is an attempt to propose a solution that use constraint handling technique and population-based algorithm to optimise ALS. We apply ALS as mixed-integer problem with side constraints of time window for each aircraft. The algorithms are used to generate a population of random agents (solutions) which represent the aircraft landing sequence. To deal with the constraints, a constraint handling technique is applied. The constraint handling technique is adapted to reduce the minimum violation by relaxing the linear constraint into unconstrained form. The proposed solution is implemented and tested on the public data from OR Library involving up to 50 aircraft and 1 runway. The computational results show that the algorithm can solve the problem optimally.
Structural anthropometric measurement of Atlantic offshore workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study provides information on structural dimensions of offshore workers with and without a helicopter passenger suit. Forty-one structural measures, with and without a helicopter passenger suit, were obtained from 42 subjects (38 M, 4 F). The structural dimensions of the subjects demonstrate an increase with suit, circumferences increased by as much as 246 mm, vertical measures (stature) increased by 14 mm to 41 mm, and horizontal measures (breaths) increased by 15 mm to 37 mm. The difference (suit vs. no suit) in waist circumference is less for a larger subject compared to a smaller subject indicating suit sizes need further consideration.