jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of a human papillomavirus type 58 lineage in multiple Bowen's disease on the fingers: Case report and published work review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) has been detected in some cases of Bowen's disease, particularly on the fingers and genitalia. HPV ‐58 is classified as a high‐risk mucosal type and accounts for a high percentage of cervical cancer in Asia. Moreover, several HPV ‐58 lineages, including sublineage A1, have a high prevalence in Asia. However, the nature of HPV ‐58‐associated skin cancer is still unknown. Here, we report a case of a Japanese patient with multiple Bowen's disease on the fingers. A 33‐year‐old man presented with multiple reddish‐brown scaly plaques on his left middle finger and right ring finger. All lesions were surgically excised, and the diagnosis of Bowen's disease was made. We performed Sanger sequencing using DNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded samples and identified HPV ‐58 sublineage A1. Additionally, we review previous reports on HPV ‐58‐associated skin cancers, including our case, showing a high regional prevalence in Asia. Further studies would be needed to reveal the relationship between HPV ‐58 lineages and carcinogenesis in the skin.
The Myth of Entangling Alliances: Reassessing the Security Risks of U.S. Defense Pacts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A large literature assumes that alliances entangle the United States in military conflicts that it might otherwise avoid. Since 1945, however, there have been only five cases of what might be characterized as U.S. entanglement—the 1954 and 1995–96 Taiwan Strait crises, the Vietnam War, and the interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo in the 1990s—and even these cases are far from clear-cut. U.S. entanglement is rare because the United States, as a superpower with many allies, is capable of exploiting loopholes in alliance agreements, sidestepping commitments that seriously imperil U.S. interests, playing the demands of various allies off of each other, and using alliances to deter adversaries and allies from initiating or escalating conflicts.
A Study of the Effects of a Structured Daily Physical Activity Intervention in Schools in Malta

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The measurement of daily step counts is a widely adopted and efficacious approach for assessing children’s physical activity levels. With the aim of finding out the effect of daily PA sessions in schools on the total PA levels in terms of steps taken, two (treatment and control) Year Four classrooms (with students aged from eight to nine years old) in three participating schools in Malta participated in this study. A random sample of 45 children across all the treatment and control groups wore pedometers for five continuous school days. Additional data were logged to facilitate data analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted on data from 18 participants, as incomplete data were eliminated. The findings show that a daily physical activity programme was sufficient to make a significant difference in the number of steps taken at school. It also made the difference between Maltese schools being either under par (if not engaged in daily PA at school) or among high-performing nations (if engaged in daily PA at school) in terms of the proportional contribution of steps taken at school to children’s total PA. However, the capacity for school-based activity to exert wider effects on total steps taken throughout the entire day appears to be limited. Reported engagement in additional formal sports activities outside school also had limited effects on steps overall. Finally, a statistical model incorporating sex, daily PA, sports participation, and BMI as exogenous variables accounted only for around a quarter of the variation in average daily pedometer-measured PA, leaving approximately 75% of the variation unexplained. Implications of the findings are discussed, including recommendations for alternative ways of conceptualising and promoting health-related physical activity and exercise.
Uncertainty in Capital Budgeting: Five Particular Safety‐(or Danger‐) Margins from the NPV Formula

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The primary approaches for evaluating prospective capital projects, which are investments (outlays) with future financial benefits, are net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR), both based on the discounted expected positive and negative cash flows. The NPV formula can be used to provide three additional insights into the evaluation of prospective investment opportunities: normal profit, economic (discounted) payback (or breakeven) period, and maximum investment cost. A review of over two centuries of discussion of capital budgeting techniques reveals no discussion of two alternative approaches and little discussion of a third. This note explores the evolution of capital budgeting techniques, and explains with examples these variations of the NPV formula as additional approaches to evaluating inherently uncertain investment decisions. The formula can be used to calculate “safety‐margins” (also “danger‐margins”) in evaluating potential investments.
Congenital lobar emphysema: anaesthetic considerations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare clinical entity that usually presents as acute respiratory distress. It is potentially reversible, though possibly life-threatening, cause of respiratory distress in the neonate. It poses dilemma in diagnosis and management. We are presenting a 40 days old baby who presented with a sudden onset of respiratory distress related to CLE affecting the left upper lobe. Lobectomy was performed under general anaesthesia with spontaneous and controlled lung ventilation. Strategies to prevent hyperinflation and anaesthetic consideration of various techniques adopted for lung separation in infants have been reviewed.
Topic Modeling for Analyzing Patients’ Perceptions and Concerns of Hearing Loss on Social Q&A Sites: Incorporating Patients’ Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hearing loss is the most common human sensory deficit, affecting normal communication. Recently, patients with hearing loss or at risk of hearing loss are increasingly turning to the online health community for health information and support. Information on health-related topics exchanged on the Internet is a useful resource to examine patients’ informational needs. The ability to understand the patients’ perspectives on hearing loss is critical for health professionals to develop a patient-centered intervention. In this paper, we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) on electronic patient-authored questions on social question-and-answer (Q&A) sites to identify patients’ perceptions, concerns, and needs on hearing loss. Our results reveal 21 topics, which are both representative and meaningful, and mostly correspond to sub-fields established in hearing science research. The latent topics are classified into five themes, which include “sudden hearing loss”, “tinnitus”, “noise-induced hearing loss”, “hearing aids”, “dizziness”, “curiosity about hearing loss”, “otitis media” and “complications of disease”. Our topic analysis of patients’ questions on the topic of hearing loss allows achieving a thorough understanding of patients’ perspectives, thereby leading to better development of the patient-centered intervention.
BLOOD SUGAR CURVES IN EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The increase in the sugar content of the spinal fluid in epidemic encephalitis led us to investigate the sugar metabolism of patients suffering from this disease by means of the blood sugar curve. This method of studying the sugar metabolism has been criticized by a number of observers. Fitz's 1 careful studies have shown that all the ingested glucose may not be absorbed, and Rowe 2 has abandoned the glucose curve in his studies of endocrinopathies. However, Gray 3 from an analysis of 4,000 curves was able to define the limits of variation of the blood sugar after the ingestion of glucose with sufficient accuracy to indicate that information about the sugar metabolism may be obtained by this method. Alexander 4 states that the sugar curve in encephalitis tends to be higher than normal and, in the single curve plotted, the sugar goes up to 240 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters at the end
Colorimetric Monitoring of Solid-Phase Aldehydes Using 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple and rapid method to achieve colorimetric monitoring of resin-bound aldehydes, based on ambient temperature reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in the presence of dilute acid, has been developed as an adjunct to solid-phase organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. By this test, the presence of aldehydes is indicated by a red to dark-orange appearance, within a minute. Alternatively, resins that are free of aldehydes or in which aldehyde functions have reacted completely retain their original color. The DNPH test was demonstrated for poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene (PEG-PS), aminomethyl polystyrene (AMP), cross-linked ethoxylate acrylate resin (CLEAR), and acryloylated O,O'-bis(2-aminopropyl)poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGA) supports and gave results visible to the naked eye at levels as low as 18 micromol of aldehyde per gram of resin.
Endoscopic treatment of early Barrett's neoplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To prospectively evaluate the safety of endoscopic resection for early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus using the endoscopic cap resection technique. Patient & methods All resections performed between September 2000 and March 2006 with the ER-cap technique in patients with Barrett’s esophagus were included. Complications were classified “acute” (during the ER procedure) or “early” (< 48 hours after ER). Results 216 ER-cap procedures were performed in 121 patients. 145 ERs were performed with a standard hard cap and 71 with a large flexible cap. Specimens removed with the standard cap had a mean diameter of 20 mm (SD 5.0) vs 23 mm (SD 5.8) for the large cap (p<0.001). Acute complications occurred in 51 procedures (24%): 49 bleedings and 2 perforations. All bleedings were effectively treated with haemostatic techniques and classified as mild complications: none of the patients had a drop in hemoglobin levels, required blood transfusions or repeat interventions. The two perforations were classified as severe complications and were treated conservatively. Three (1%) early complications occurred, all bleedings, effectively treated with endoscopic hemostatic techniques and classified as moderately severe complications. In multivariate analysis the indication for the resection (HGIN or EC vs. LGIN or no dysplasia) was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of acute bleeding. Conclusions Endoscopic cap resection in Barrett’s esophagus is safe. Most complications become apparent immediately during the procedure and can be managed endoscopically. Bleeding after the ER procedure and severe acute complications (i.e. perforations) are rare (2%).
Impact of Arts on the Physical, Psychological, and Spiritual Health

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The performing arts have been a part of Indian culture and society as a means of rituals in temples, entertainment for people, and also for cultural unification. The use of these art forms in promoting health and healing processes has coexisted throughout human evolution. Many scientists and spiritual leaders have demonstrated the positive impact of these art forms on human lives. Here we attempt a succinct presentation of the benefits of these arts in the holistic health and healing process. This paper focuses specifically on two art forms: music and dance. Music with its instantaneous gratification, and dance with its high impact visual form have the power to exemplify creativity and help reach higher realms.
Modeling Reality for Optimal Docking of Small Molecules to Biological Targets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

From virtual screening to understanding the binding mode of novel ligands, docking methods are being increasingly used at multiple points in the drug discovery pipeline. It is now well established that the amount (and quality) of information provided to the docking programs greatly influences their accuracy. Ultimately, the docking programs should consider all the factors involved in the ligand/macromolecule binding process. In fact, developers have been moving towards the modeling of the dynamics involved in solvated protein/ligand complexes to improve the binding mode prediction accuracy. The problem of modeling "reality" can be broken down into several factors including the consideration of both ligand and receptor flexibility and the consideration of bulk and bridging water molecules. Additional factors such as directional metal coordination, covalent binding and charge or proton transfers should also be considered but are often disregarded due to time constrains or lower interest from the medicinal chemistry community. Each of these problems requires a separate or combined conformational search technique. In this review, we will discuss the current status in the development of search engines focusing on 1) ligand flexibility, including cyclic portions, 2) receptor flexibility, 3) bridging water molecules and finally 4) the inclusion of metal coordination geometry in docking. Keywords: Docking, conformational search algorithms, protein flexibility, water molecules, flexible rings, molecular dynamics
A System Functions Set-Up Through Near Field Communication Of A Smartphone

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a method to set up system functions
through a near filed communication (NFC) of a smartphone. The
short communication distance of the NFC which is usually less
than 4 cm could prevent any interferences from other devices and
establish a secure communication channel between a system and the
smartphone. The proposed set-up method for system function values
is demonstrated for a blacbox system in a car. In demonstration,
system functions of a blackbox which is manipulated through NFC
of a smartphone are controls of image quality, sound level, shock
sensing level to store images, etc. The proposed set-up method for
system function values can be used for any devices with NFC.
Working memory capacity and the antisaccade task: A microanalytic–macroanalytic investigation of individual differences in goal activation and maintenance.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The association between working memory capacity (WMC) and the antisaccade task, which requires subjects to move their eyes and attention away from a strong visual cue, supports the claim that WMC is partially an attentional construct (Kane, Bleckley, Conway, &amp; Engle, 2001; Unsworth, Schrock, &amp; Engle, 2004). Specifically, the WMC-antisaccade relation suggests that WMC helps maintain and execute task goals despite interference from habitual actions. Related work has recently shown that mind wandering (McVay &amp; Kane, 2009, 2012a, 2012b) and reaction time (RT) variability (Unsworth, 2015) are also related to WMC and they partially explain WMC’s prediction of cognitive abilities. Here, we tested whether mind-wandering propensity and intraindividual RT variation account for WMC’s associations with 2 antisaccade-cued choice RT tasks. In addition, we asked whether any influences of WMC, mind wandering, or intraindividual RT variation on antisaccade are moderated by (a) the temporal gap between fixation and the flashing location cue, and (b) whether targets switch sides on consecutive trials. Our quasi-experimental study reexamined a published dataset (Kane et al., 2016) comprising 472 subjects who completed 6 WMC tasks, 5 attentional tasks with mind-wandering probes, 5 tasks from which we measured intraindividual RT variation, and 2 antisaccade tasks with varying fixation-cue gap durations. The WMC-antisaccade association was not accounted for by mind wandering or intraindividual RT variation. WMC’s effects on antisaccade performance were greater with longer fixation-to-cue intervals, suggesting that goal activation processes—beyond the ability to control mind wandering and RT variability—are partially responsible for the WMC-antisaccade relation.
(124) SUBFERTILITY RISK IN MALE SIBLINGS OF PEDIATRIC BILATERAL INGUINAL SURGERY PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Cryptorchidism, a condition linked to male infertility, often presents with bilateral undescended testicles in about 10% of cases. While surgery aims to preserve fertility, genetic predispositions to sub-fertility among brothers of those who had pediatric bilateral inguinal surgery remain under explored. Objective In this study, we compared fertility outcomes between males who had bilateral inguinal surgery for hernias or undescended testes and their brothers, hypothesizing a higher sub-fertility risk among brothers of pediatric bilateral orchiopexy patients. Methods A statewide database that combines demographic, medical, and residential data for over 90% of the state's pediatric population was used. Our cohort were patients who underwent B/L IHR or BO prior to age 18, and their brothers born within 10 years of the B/L IHR or BO cases. A logistic regression model with clustering on family was performed to assess the likelihood for male siblings to develop male factor infertility controlling for time in Utah since 1996, infertility in the spouse, or unidentified partner data. A mixed-effect Poisson regression with the same parameters was used to assess the number of children in each group. Results 1019 B/L IHR siblings (627 cases), 360 BO siblings (221 cases), were identified from 1996-2022. The BO sibling cohort was majority white (93.6%), non-Hispanic (74.5%), and 32.5% of the cohort had at least 1 child. Regression analysis revealed brothers of BO patients had a higher likelihood of infertility (2.2% vs. 0.4% IHR-brother, P = 0.004) and their odds of infertility trended towards a higher likelihood (HR = 0.73, [0.3-2.0], P = 0.5) when compared to B/L IHR-brother (HR = 0.2, [0.1-0.6], P = 0.004). While not statistically significant for the BO cohort, this would suggest a trend towards a genetic association. Conclusions BO shows a genetic influence on sub-fertility, with increased infertility diagnoses among male siblings versus B/L IHR. Conversely, male siblings of B/L IHR patients exhibit significantly lower infertility rates, suggesting surgery-related factors predominate in adulthood infertility diagnoses post-pediatric B/L IHR. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: StreamDx, Inherent Bioscience, Turtle Health, Maimus, Carrot Fertility.
Mathematical and Experimental Simulation of Operating Modes of Capillary Emitter of Electrostatic Colloidal Microthruster

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work experimentally and theoretically analyzes the dynamics of the process of ion emission from a capillary emitter filled with an ionic liquid as a working fluid. Such emitters can be used in the energy system of low-mass satellites as a source of jet propulsion. The dependence of the thrust of a micromotor on the electrical power supplied to it was experimentally studied, which made it possible to determine the most efficient operating modes of the microthruster. This is of interest from the point of view of increasing the energy efficiency of the latter in conditions of limited power availability of low-mass satellites. It was found that the characteristic “electric field voltage – emitter thrust” is non-monotonic with a pronounced maximum, which imposes restrictions on the magnitude of the electric field in the emitter. To explain the limit of emission intensity, a diffusion-convective model of ion movement inside the capillary was constructed. The main idea of the proposed model is the assumption that the intensity of ion emission is determined by their concentration at the outlet of the capillary, and the velocity of the emitted ions is higher than the velocity of flow of the ionic liquid in the capillary as a continuous medium. Moreover, the acceleration of ions at the outlet of the emitter increases nonlinearly with increasing external forces. The decrease in the concentration of ions as they are emitted must be compensated by their diffusion inside the capillary and convective flows, the velocity of which is limited. The constructed system of equations is analyzed numerically. For the system of Navier – Stokes equations, the projection method proposed by Chorin is applied. Based on the known velocity field, density, and concentration distribution, a time step is taken for the equations of motion. Then, taking into account the found velocity, a time step is taken for the convective diffusion equations and the density field is recalculated. The created code made it possible to confirm the possibility of the existence of a maximum mass flow rate of ions, i.e., micromotor thrust, which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. The main factor on which the magnitude of the maximum and its position depend is the degree of nonlinearity of the coefficient responsible for the acceleration of ions at the outlet of the capillary.
The clinical and biological significance of MIR-224 expression in colorectal cancer metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profile can be used as prognostic marker for human cancers. We aim to explore the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Design We performed miRNA microarrays using primary CRC tissues from patients with and without metastasis, and validated selected candidates in 85 CRC samples by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We tested metastatic activity of selected miRNAs and identified miRNA targets by prediction algorithms, qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays. Clinical outcomes were analysed in six sets of CRC cases (n=449), including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium and correlated with miR-224 status. We used the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test to assess the difference in survival between patients with low or high levels of miR-224 expression. Results MiR-224 expression increases consistently with tumour burden and microsatellite stable status, and miR-224 enhances CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We identified SMAD4 as a miR-224 target and observed negative correlation (Spearman Rs=−0.44, p<0.0001) between SMAD4 and miR-224 expression in clinical samples. Patients with high miR-224 levels display shorter overall survival in multiple CRC cohorts (p=0.0259, 0.0137, 0.0207, 0.0181, 0.0331 and 0.0037, respectively), and shorter metastasis-free survival (HR 6.51, 95% CI 1.97 to 21.51, p=0.0008). In the TCGA set, combined analysis of miR-224 with SMAD4 expression enhanced correlation with survival (HR 4.12, 95% CI 1.1 to 15.41, p=0.0175). Conclusions MiR-224 promotes CRC metastasis, at least in part, through the regulation of SMAD4. MiR-224 expression in primary CRC, alone or combined with its targets, may have prognostic value for survival of patients with CRC.