jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aftermath A New Global Economic Order?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the specter of prosecution after his term is over and the possibility of disbarment in Arkansas hanging over President Clinton, the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal and the events that have followed it show no sign of abating. The question has become what to do, and how to think, about those eight months. Did the President lie or was it plausible that he had truthfully testified to no sexual relationship? Was the job search for Monica just help for a friend or a sinister means of obtaining silence? Even if all the charges were true, did impeachment follow or was censure enough? And what are the lasting repercussions on the office of the Presidency? Aftermath: The Clinton Impeachment and the Presidency in the Age of Political Spectacle takes a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze the Clinton impeachment from political perspectives across the spectrum. The authors attempt to tease out the meanings of the scandal from the vantage point of law, religion, public opinion, and politics, both public and personal. Further, the impeachment itself is situated broadly within the contemporary American liberal state and mined for the contradictory possibilities for reconciliation it reveals in our culture. Contributors: David T. Canon, John Cooper, Drucilla Cornell, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Robert W. Gordon, Lawrence Joseph, Leonard V. Kaplan, David Kennedy, Kenneth R. Mayer, Beverly I. Moran, Father Richard John Neuhaus, David Novak, Linda Denise Oakley, Elizabeth Rapaport, Lawrence Rosen, Eric Rothstein, Aviam Soifer, Lawrence M. Solan, Cass R. Sunstein, Stephen Toulmin, Leon Trakman, Frank Tuerkheimer, Mark V. Tushnet, Andrew D. Weiner, Robin L. West
KAJIAN FAKTOR YANG DAPAT MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM DESA MAJU INHIL JAYA (DMIJ)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The DMIJ program is a noble program from the Indragiri Hilir Regency Government to advance the villages in this district. The community is a welfare target as well as an element driving the success of the DMIJ program. This program is one of the government's flagship programs to advance villages in Inhil Regency. There are not many scientific studies have specifically addressed this program. There are actors who must work together in order to achieve the goal of this program. In addition, the factors that influence the success of this program must be maximized by these actors and implemented in a sustainable manner. This journal explained what matters should be the District Government in order to maximize the activities that will be carried out at the Integrated DMIJ Plus. This journal discussed how important the role of the community is in the DMIJ program and what factors can influence community participation. This journal is expected to become a consideration for the government to win the hearts of the people so that they are willing to work together to make the DMIJ program a success
CAN BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY INCREASE PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS? A REVIEW ON BLOCKCHAIN-BASED VOTING SYSTEMS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of applications that use blockchain-based electronic voting systems on local participation. The study is structured in this framework to contain three sections. The conceptual framework of the study is presented in the first section. The major concepts (participation, digitization, blockchain, and local governments, among others) to be used in the contents of the study are addressed. The second chapter provides a brief overview of blockchain technology, as well as its applications and historical evolution. The third section discussed what blockchain technology was, as well as its attributes and potential benefits to local participation. The main finding obtained in this study shows that the implementation of blockchain-based voting systems will increase local participation
Design of a metalens for beam collimation and angular amplification in optical phased array devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present an analytical design for increasing the beam sharpness (collimation) and field of view (FOV) of an optical phased array (OPA) device. In this work, a cylindrical metalens is used for collimation, while a set of metalens, with both concave and convex phase profiles, are incorporated to increase the FOV. Following the generalized vector law of reflection or refraction, the trajectories of the reflected or transmitted rays corresponding to the phase profile of phase gradient metasurfaces/metalens are obtained. Through the ray tracing method, the elliptical beam from the OPA device with a vertical beam (fast axis) width of 21 mm was collimated to a sharp spherical beam of width 1.5 mm by a metalens with a cylindrical phase profile. In addition, the incorporation of angular amplifier metalens with a 64-channel OPA device has shown an increased in FOV by almost threefold i.e., from 15 o to 41.96 o . Our results suggest that the use of metasurfaces/metalens can enhance the quality of output beam and provide significant advantages for compact on-chip integration with OPA devices in solid-state LiDAR applications.
Coded Caching in Networks With Heterogeneous User Activity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work elevates coded caching networks from their purely information-theoretic framework to a stochastic setting, by exploring the effect of random user activity and by exploiting correlations in the activity patterns of different users. In particular, the work studies the $K$ -user cache-aided broadcast channel with a limited number of cache states (i.e., the content stored at the cache of a certain user), and explores the effect of cache state association strategies in the presence of arbitrary user activity levels; a combination that strikes at the very core of the coded caching problem and its crippling subpacketization bottleneck. We first present a statistical analysis of the average worst-case delay performance of such subpacketization-constrained (state-constrained) coded caching networks, and provide computationally efficient performance bounds as well as scaling laws for any arbitrary probability distribution of the user-activity levels. The achieved performance is a result of a novel user-to-cache state association algorithm that leverages the knowledge of probabilistic user-activity levels. We then follow a data-driven approach that exploits the prior history on user-activity levels and correlations, in order to predict interference patterns, and thus better design the caching algorithm. This optimized strategy is based on the principle that users that overlap more, interfere more, and thus have higher priority to secure complementary cache states. This strategy is proven here to be within a small constant factor from the optimal. Finally, the above analysis is validated numerically using synthetic data following the Pareto principle. To the best of our understanding, this is the first work that seeks to exploit user-activity levels and correlations, in order to map future interference and design optimized coded caching algorithms that better handle this interference.
Effect of cigarette smoke extract on the intestinal microenvironment of ulcerative colitis tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aim Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The severity of UC is higher in nonsmokers than smokers; however, the biological mechanisms controlling this effect remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on inflamed and noninflamed colonic tissue from UC patients and to determine if inflammatory mediators, transcription factors, and T cell phenotypes are altered by CSE. Methods Blood and colonic biopsies were obtained from UC patients undergoing endoscopy. Biopsies were cultured in the presence or absence of CSE. Multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured secreted levels of inflammatory mediators. Nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) and Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) expression were measured by DNA‐binding ELISA. T cell phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry in matched blood and biopsies. Results Secreted levels of interleukin 2 (IL‐2), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor ‐ alpha (TNF‐α), chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) were significantly (all P < 0.05) decreased following treatment with CSE. This effect was specific to inflamed tissue and was not observed in noninflamed tissue. CSE did not alter the expression of NF‐κB or HIF‐1α. Assessment of T cell phenotypes in blood and tissue revealed that there were significantly more activated and exhausted T cells in the colonic tissue compared to matched blood. These profiles were not altered following CSE treatment. Conclusion These data suggest that observed effects of CSE in reducing inflammatory mediators ex vivo are specific to inflamed colonic tissue but are not due to the activation of NF‐κB or HIF‐1α and are not caused by alterations in subpopulations of T cells in these UC tissues.
Manticore: Hardware-Accelerated RTL Simulation with Static Bulk-Synchronous Parallelism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The demise of Moore's Law and Dennard Scaling has revived interest in specialized computer architectures and accelerators. Verification and testing of this hardware depend heavily upon cycle-accurate simulation of register-transfer-level (RTL) designs. The fastest software RTL simulators can simulate designs at 1--1000 kHz, i.e., more than three orders of magnitude slower than hardware. Improved simulators can increase designers' productivity by speeding design iterations and permitting more exhaustive exploration. One possibility is to exploit low-level parallelism, as RTL expresses considerable fine-grain concurrency. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art RTL simulators often perform best on a single core since modern processors cannot effectively exploit fine-grain parallelism. This work presents Manticore: a parallel computer designed to accelerate RTL simulation. Manticore uses a static bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) execution model to eliminate fine-grain synchronization overhead. It relies entirely on a compiler to schedule resources and communication, which is feasible since RTL code contains few divergent execution paths. With static scheduling, communication and synchronization no longer incur runtime overhead, making fine-grain parallelism practical. Moreover, static scheduling dramatically simplifies processor implementation, significantly increasing the number of cores that fit on a chip. Our 225-core FPGA implementation running at 475 MHz outperforms a state-of-the-art RTL simulator running on desktop and server computers in 8 out of 9 benchmarks.
Model of a hierarchical system of invariant characteristics of image description

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The hodograph of the normalized moment of the energetic spectrum of a gradient image is analyzed. It is shown that transformation of the matrix form of the hodograph equation to diagonal form gives analytical expressions for the invariant characteristics of the image description—the principal spectral moments of gradient images. In this case, rotation of the coordinate system until its axes coincide with the eigenvector directions reduces the hodograph equation to the canonical form. An analysis of the initial equations, in rotation, yields invariant characteristics of the singular points of the hodograph. Subsets of invariant description characteristics for gradient images of different orders constitute a hierarchical system of invariant description characteristics of the initial image.
Can Membership Inferencing be Refuted?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Membership inference (MI) attack is currently the most popular test for measuring privacy leakage in machine learning models. Given a machine learning model, a data point and some auxiliary information, the goal of an MI attack is to determine whether the data point was used to train the model. In this work, we study the reliability of membership inference attacks in practice. Specifically, we show that a model owner can plausibly refute the result of a membership inference test on a data point $x$ by constructing a proof of repudiation that proves that the model was trained without $x$. We design efficient algorithms to construct proofs of repudiation for all data points of the training dataset. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates the practical feasibility of our algorithm by constructing proofs of repudiation for popular machine learning models on MNIST and CIFAR-10. Consequently, our results call for a re-evaluation of the implications of membership inference attacks in practice.
PRODUCTIVE-ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF FORAGE CACTUS-SORGHUM INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and economic performance of a forage cactus and sorghum intercropping system in relation to a forage cactus single cropping system under different irrigation blades with saline water. The study was conducted in Serra Talhada, State of Pernambuco, in a randomized block design, consisting of a factorial arrangement with split-plot parcels (5×2) and four replications. The five plots were the irrigation depths based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) (0, 8.75, 17.5, 26.25, and 35% ETo) and the two cropping systems were single forage cactus cropping and cactus intercropped with sorghum. The experiment was conducted for one year, with one forage cactus cycle and two cycles of sorghum. Yields were obtained at the end of the cycles. Economic profitability was analyzed by means of net revenue (NR) and the benefit/cost ratio (B/C), with cactus forage sold as forage or as "seed" and sorghum as forage. Net revenue and B/C simulations were carried out over an eight-year useful life span of the irrigation system. Increasing irrigation depth increased the dry matter yield of the intercropping system because of higher sorghum yield. Based on the NR and B/C ratio values, forage cactus and sorghum produced as forage produced higher economic outcomes in the intercropping system and showed a higher profitability from the 2nd year of implementation of the irrigation system. Forage cactus and sorghum intercropping irrigated with saline water is therefore recommended for forage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Vectors ofBacillus thuringiensisfor Control of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Vectors of Bacillus thuringiensis for Control of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Get access Jawahar L. Jyoti, Jawahar L. Jyoti Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary J. Brewer Gary J. Brewer Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 28, Issue 6, 1 December 1999, Pages 1172–1176, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/28.6.1172 Published: 01 December 1999 Article history Received: 01 December 1998 Accepted: 17 June 1999 Published: 01 December 1999
Transformer-Based Amharic-to-English Machine Translation With Character Embedding and Combined Regularization Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Amharic is the working language of Ethiopia and, owing to its Semitic characteristics, the language is known for its complex morphology. It is also an under-resourced language, presenting significant challenges for natural language processing tasks like machine translation. The primary challenges include the scarcity of parallel data, which increases the risk of overfitting and limits the model’s ability to generalize effectively, and the complex morphology of Amharic, which further complicates learning patterns in translation tasks. This study proposes a Transformer-based Amharic-to-English neural machine translation model that leverages character-level embeddings and integrates advanced regularization techniques, including dropout, L1, L2, and Elastic Net. By focusing on character-level embeddings, the model captures the intricate morphological patterns of Amharic and effectively handles out-of-vocabulary words. Our model significantly improves upon the previous state-of-the-art results on the Amharic-to-English neural machine translation benchmark, achieving a BLEU score of 40.59, which is 7% higher than the previous state-of-the-art result. Among the regularization techniques tested, the integration of L2 regularization with dropout applied to the pointwise feed-forward network yielded the best translation performance. Additionally, the proposed model significantly reduces the parameter count from 75 million to just 5.4 million, demonstrating substantial computational efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrated improvements in test accuracy, loss reduction, and translation fidelity compared to word-level embedding models. This research provides valuable insights into addressing the challenges of low-resource and morphologically complex languages, while also offering promising directions for future work, including the exploration of multilingual models, attention mechanism optimization, and the broader application of hybrid regularization techniques in the Transformer model architecture.
Structure of a human smooth muscle actin gene (aortic type) with a unique intron site.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A recombinant phage containing an actin gene (lambda Ha201) was isolated from a human DNA library and the structure of the actin gene was determined. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of lambda Ha201 were compared with those of six actin isoforms; they matched those of bovine aortic smooth muscle actin, except for codon 309, which was valine (GTC) in lambda Ha201 and alanine (GCN) in bovine aortic smooth muscle actin. Southern blot hybridization experiments showed that the gene of normal human cells did not have the TaqI-sensitive site around position 309, whereas half of the genes of HUT14 cells did. These results indicate that one allele of the aortic smooth muscle actin gene in HUT14 cells has a transition point mutation (C----T) at codon 309 and that the amino acid sequences of normal human aorta and bovine smooth muscle actins are probably identical. In addition to the five introns interrupting exons at codons 150, 204, and 267, and between codons 41 and 42 and 327 and 328, which are common to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle actin genes, the smooth muscle actin gene has two more intron sites between codons 84 and 85 and 121 and 122. The previously unreported intron site between codons 84 and 85 is unique to the smooth muscle actin gene. The intron site between codons 121 and 122 is common to beta-actin genes but is not found in other muscle actin genes. A hypothesis is proposed for the evolutionary pathway of the actin gene family.
Transient Growth Theory Prediction of Optimal Placing of Passive and Active Flow Control Devices for Separation Delay in LPT Airfoils

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An analysis of the non-modal growth of perturbations in a boundary layer in the presence of a streamwise pressure gradient is presented. The analysis is based on PSE equations for an incompressible fluid. Examples with Falkner-Skan profiles indicate that a favorable pressure gradient decreases the non-modal growth while an unfavorable pressure gradient leads to an increase of the amplification. It is suggested that the transient growth mechanism be utilized to choose optimal parameters of tripping elements on a low-pressure turbine (LPT) airfoil. As an example, a boundary-layer flow with a streamwise pressure gradient corresponding to the pressure distribution over a LPT airfoil is considered. It is shown that there is an optimal spacing of the tripping elements and that the transient growth effect depends on the starting point. At very low Reynolds numbers, there is a possibility to enhance the transient energy growth by means of wall cooling. Nomenclature E = energy norm G =
An Assymetric Evaluation of Oil Price- Inflation Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the asymmetric oil price-inflation nexus in Nigeria covering the period of 2009Q1 and 2018Q4. We adopt the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) model approach. The result of the study indicates that there exists a nonlinear long run connection between international oil price and inflation in Nigeria which suggests that fluctuations in oil price influence domestic inflation in Nigeria asymmetrically. Further, the result of the study indicates that in the long run, both increase and decrease in global oil price exerts a negative effect on inflation, that is, rise and fall in global oil price will lead to decline in inflation. However, in the short run, increase in global oil price exerts a positive influence on inflation which implies that positive oil price shock is inflationary. The study therefore recommends that government need to source for alternative energy in order to minimize the influence of international oil price shocks on domestic price level.
State Strategies for Building Capacity: Addressing the Needs of Standards-Based Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade or more, state policymakers have concentrated on putting the architecture of standards-based reform in place: setting challenging academic content standards and performance standards for all students; and instituting compatible tests, incentives, and accountability systems to reinforce these ambitious outcomes. Many states and districts have also restructured their governance systems to delegate more authority to local decision-makers.But clearly defined learning goals and accountability systems do not by themselves yield continued improvement in student learning. Some states with high standards and related assessment and accountability programs in place are finding that their early gains in student achievement have plateaued in certain academic areas. Furthermore, achievement gaps between students from majority groups and those from minority groups continue to exist, and students with disabilities still have poorer educational outcomes than other students.Acknowledging that clear standards and strong incentives alone are not sufficient to dramatically change teaching and learning, policymakers and policy analysts have started to talk about and implement "capacity-building" strategies. "Capacity" in this policy context refers to the wherewithal needed to translate high standards and incentives into effective inby Diane Massell struction and strong student performance. This issue of CPRE Policy Briefs examines capacity-building strategies used in eight states, and analyzes their promise and continuing challenges.One way of defining capacity is to ask what elements are needed to support effective instruction. People often think of capacity in terms of teachers' knowledge and skills. But effective classrooms also require quality instructional materials and students motivated and ready to learn. And, classrooms exist within larger contexts--the school, the school district, and the state education system--that provide educational direction and leadership, and influence social norms as well as access to resources and knowledge.The capacity of classrooms and of organizations that support classrooms fall into seven areas we think are essential to generating improvement in teaching and learning.