jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reduced Radiation Exposure of the Female Breast During Low-Dose Chest CT Using Organ-Based Tube Current Modulation and a Bismuth Shield: Comparison of Image Quality and Radiation Dose

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The radiation dose in the female breast may be reduced using a breast shield or organ-based tube current modulation during low-dose chest CT with acceptable image quality. The use of organ-based tube current modulation reduced the radiation dose in the breast without inducing image quality deterioration.
Past, present and future directions in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The historical impression that tuberculosis was an inherited disorder has come full circle and substantial evidence now exists of the human genetic contribution to susceptibility to tuberculosis. This evidence has come from several whole-genome linkage scans, and numerous case-control association studies where the candidate genes were derived from the genome screens, animal models and hypotheses pertaining to the disease pathways. Although many of the associated genes have not been validated in all studies, the list of those that have been is growing, and includes NRAMP1, IFNG, NOS2A, MBL, VDR and some TLR. Certain of these genes have consistently been associated with tuberculosis in diverse populations. The future investigation of susceptibility to tuberculosis is almost certain to include genome-wide association studies, admixture mapping and the search for rare variants and epigenetic mechanisms. The genetic identification of more vulnerable individuals is expected to inform personalized treatment and perhaps vaccination strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Longitudinally Twisted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The phencyclones (III) ((IIIa) and (IIIb) already known) when pyrolized neat or as a 1:1 mixture with 9‐bromophenanthrene (as a precursor of 9,10‐phenanthryne), yield the 9,18‐diphenyltetrabenzanthracenes (IV), the central aromatic rings of which are twisted by 22‐25°.
Implementation of a test-bench solution for loudspeaker quality characterization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract">Vehicle audio system performance is an important attribute for final customers. Usually the system performance is evaluated by subjective judgments and also some sort of objective measurements, as for example: reverberation time measurement of the internal cabin, frequency response and harmonic distortion. But all of these measurements are performed by the automaker at vehicle level - with audio system and speakers installed inside the vehicle cabin - for general quality inspections and definition of some spatial parameters of internal trim design. Loudspeaker performance evaluation usually requires great amount of investments due to the acoustic chamber requirements. This work presents the home implementation of a test-bench solution used for loudspeaker quality evaluation that uses time selective techniques enabling measurement of free field response of loudspeakers to be performed without the need of an anechoic chamber, allowing the conduction of the measurement in a low cost test-bench, inside an ordinary quiet room, without spent large facility investments. </div>
Aetiology and dynamics of dyspepsia in Shimla: a study of 500 patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dyspepsia is a frequent presenting symptom amongst patients attending medical clinics worldwide. However their aetiologies differ geographically. The present study was conducted to identify the aetiologies of dyspepsia of our centre and to determine their clinical characteristics. Five hundred consecutive patients presenting with dyspepsia were studied at our Institute. All patients underwent detailed structured questionnaire, stool examination, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, ultrasound scan of upper abdomen and sigmoidoscopy when necessary. Among 500 patients, 34% suffered from essential dyspepsia, 28% had peptic ulcer, 19.2% had cholelithiasis, 10.8% had irritable bowel syndrome and 6% had gastro-oesophageal reflux. Significantly more patients with peptic ulcer experienced night paints, pain relief with food, milk, antacids or H2 receptor antagonists and periodic pain. In patients with essential dyspepsia, pain was continuous, mild to moderate in intensity, aggravated by food or alcohol, without relief with milk, antacids or H2 receptor antagonists and night pains were absent in them.
Revisiting Prompt Engineering via Declarative Crowdsourcing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large language models (LLMs) are incredibly powerful at comprehending and generating data in the form of text, but are brittle and error-prone. There has been an advent of toolkits and recipes centered around so-called prompt engineering-the process of asking an LLM to do something via a series of prompts. However, for LLM-powered data processing workflows, in particular, optimizing for quality, while keeping cost bounded, is a tedious, manual process. We put forth a vision for declarative prompt engineering. We view LLMs like crowd workers and leverage ideas from the declarative crowdsourcing literature-including leveraging multiple prompting strategies, ensuring internal consistency, and exploring hybrid-LLM-non-LLM approaches-to make prompt engineering a more principled process. Preliminary case studies on sorting, entity resolution, and imputation demonstrate the promise of our approach
A STUDY ON VEGETATIVE COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF SHRUB, CARAGANA KORSHINSKII,UNDER DIFFERENT CLIPPING TREATMENTS IN DISTURBANCE ENVIRONMENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Aims After browsing or clipping,Caragana korshinskii can compensate for loss of biomass,which is the foundation for repeated use of resources of this species. However,the pattern of vegetative compensatory growth under different clipping treatments is still poorly understood. Methods In order to test the effects of removal of partial shoot length (RSL) and partial shoot number (RSN) on vegetative growth,we removed 30% (30%RSL),60% (60%RSL) of main shoot length,and 25% (25%RSN),50% (50%RSN),and 100% (100%RSN) of main shoot number. Key Results Clipped shrubs overcompensated for tissue loss,and current year shoot number per shoot,current year shoot length,current year shoot biomass per shoot and current year shoot biomass per shrub were higher than those of the control. The control,30%RSL and 60%RSL shrubs did not resprout after clipping,while 25%RSN,60%RSN and 100%RSN treatments did resprout and the biomass per shrub increased when more shoot biomass were removed. Differences in resprout number per removal shoot,resprout length,individual resprout biomass were not significant between 25%RSN and 50%RSN treatment,but resprout number per removal shoot,resprout length,individual resprout biomass of both were less than those of 100%RSN treatment. Fruit production in clipping treatments was higher or equal to that of the control with the exception of 100%RSN,which grew no fruit. There was a negative relationship between annual shoot biomass and fruit production with the exception of the control,which had less fruit production and the annual shoots almost did not grow. During growth season,biomass of current year vegetative growth increased quickly from current year's shoot growth to fruit ripeness. In the following three months,from fruit ripeness to leaf abscission,however,it increased slowly. Conclusions 100%RSN treatment may be a reasonable mode to prompt shrubs to recover quickly from damage. Plants' responses associated with compensation may include: increased branching or tillering after alteration of the apical dominance,increased availability of water and/or nutrients after the change in the ratio of shoot to root,and remobilization of resources reserved in roots to aboveground organs. Decreased allocation of resources to reproductive growth may be another important mechanism for 100%RSN shrubs to compensate for the loss of organs.
GENDER DEPENDENT DIFFERENCE IN ANALGESIC EFFECT AND TOLERANCE TO MORPHINE IN MICE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary There are controversial reports regarding the role of sex hormones in pain perception, analgesia ad tolerance. In the present study morphine tolerance and its analgesic effects in male and female mice was investigated. Twenty mice were divided into male and female groups. Hot plate test was carried out as a base record, then the animals received 10 mg/kg (S.C.) morphine and analgesic effect was recorded every 15 min. Morphine (30 mg/kg; 3 times a day) was injected for 3 consecutive days to induce tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine and the analgesic effect of morphine was evaluated again. The reaction latency times after injection of morphine (10mg/kg) was longer than base in both female and male groups while after tolerance, there was no difference between base time and reaction latency times. The reaction latency times after injection of morphine in male group were more than female group. There was no significant difference in reaction latency times in both male and female tolerated animals after tolerance to morphine. Repeated treatment by morphine lead to tolerance in both sex. Analgesic effect of morphine in male mice was higher than female but tolerance to morphine was not sex dependent.
Enhancing hole injection by electric dipoles for efficient blue InP QLEDs

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The unbalanced carrier injection is a key factor that deteriorates the performance of blue InP quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Therefore, to achieve efficient blue InP QLEDs, an effective strategy that balances carrier injection through enhancing the hole injection and transport is in demand. In this study, we introduced an ultrathin MoO3 electric dipole layer between the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) to form a pair of dipole-induced built-in electric fields with forward resultant direction to enhance hole injection and facilitate the balance of carrier injection. Meanwhile, the p-doping effect by MoO3 leads to increased carrier concentration and decreased trap density of interfacial HTL, therefore improved its effective hole mobility. Consequently, the maximal external quantum efficiency of blue InP QLEDs was enhanced from 1.0% to 2.1%. This work provides an effective method to balance carrier injection by modulating hole injection and transport, indicating the feasibility to realize high-efficiency QLEDs.
A Snapshot of the Trends of the Internet Era: United States 2003.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has been a decade since the introduction of the World Wide Web. The first ten years of the Internet Era that the World Wide Web opened up has brought out human creativity, greed, and naivete; has brought about major changes in commerce, governance, and human interactions; and has created several major headaches and risks for humans and the society. During the hay days of the dot-coms in the late 1990s and early 2000s, many people tended to believe that the Internet would create a virtual “parallel universe (or society)” in which “all rules that govern the ‘offline’ society will give way to totally new rules or no rules at all”, and that the Internet would somehow be a “frictionless” engine that will drive indefinite and infinite wealth-creation. However, after the dot-com bubble burst in 2001 and 2002, such “irrational exuberance” gave way to sober economic, social, cultural, and legal realities.
Dryness Control of a Moving Cotton Ribbon by Induction Heating of Rotating Steel Cylinder

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents an introductory attempt to build a dryness control system for automatic drying of moving materials (like paper or cotton ribbon) using an induction heated rotating steel cylinder. The main goal of this work is to test and verify the recently developed semi-industrial laboratory setup comprising, apart from heated cylinder, also a system for carrying a cotton ribbon, together with moistening devices based on electromagnetic injectors and a contactless microwave moisture meter. Several experiments have been performed and a basic dryness control system has been built and evaluated.
Determinants of Liquidation of Government Securities Held by Banks in Uganda

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyzed the determinants of bank liquidation of government securities using panel logistic regression. The analysis showed that the liquidation of government securities by banks was motivated by reserve needs although some evidence of reluctance to borrow from the Central Bank was also noted. The main policy implications of the study include the need to minimize liquidity shortages in the interbank market and development of the secondary market as measures that can minimize liquidation of securities.
Effects of sanding and spray coating on fluid flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The growing resolve to combat climate change has pushed engineers to pursue energy efficiency like never before. For fluid flow in channels such as industrial pipelines, energy is unnecessarily lost through frictional drag. Researchers have found that hydrophobic channel surfaces reduce frictional drag in fluid flow due to their optimal surface microstructures and low surface energy. To mimic the superhydrophobic lotus leaves, artificial fabrication of a hydrophobic surface involves two steps – altering of the surface roughness to an optimal microstructure and lowering its surface energy level to reduce the molecular surface attraction to water. In this project, hydrophobic surfaces were fabricated via the combined methods of sanding and spray coating on two materials with contrasting surface properties - Teflon and aluminium. The combined method aims to greatly enhance hydrophobicity on any material, thus making it versatile and adaptable for various applications. This report analyzed the effects of the combined methods on the specimens’ hydrophobicity levels, surface roughness and frictional drag reduction in channels. 58 specimens were fabricated with varying surface roughness based on different sandpaper grits, with specimens having varying layers of the spray coat. Preliminary experiments were conducted to investigate the individual effects of sanding and spray coating based on their contact angles and surface microstructures. Out of 58 different specimens, the set of both Teflon and aluminium specimens sanded with 220 grit sandpaper and spray coated achieved superhydrophobicity by having the most optimal complex microstructures and exhibiting the best contact angles of approximately 166° to 169°. Conducting the main pressure drop experiment in a channel concluded with the best pressure drop reduction specimens also being those sanded with 220 grit sandpaper and spray coated. The results prove that there is a strong relation between the contact angle and drag reduction ability. Furthermore, the fully treated specimens of both materials exhibited similar levels of hydrophobicity, indicating that this combined method can potentially be applied on various materials to achieve consistent results.
Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art. By Miranda Green. 240 × 160mm. Pp. xvi + 279, 96 ills. + 8 maps. London and New York: Routledge1989. ISBN 0-415-03419-1. £25·00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
(3,3)-Connected Triazine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO2 Separation over N2 and Dye Adsorption

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of adsorption and separation materials that can meet the needs of ecological sustainability, such as the removal of carbon dioxide and organic dyes. The two synthesized (3,3)-connected triazine-based COFs demonstrate high specific surface area and good thermal and chemical stability. COFZ1 shows good CO2 adsorption selectivities for different CO2 and N2 volume percentage systems at 273 K and 1 bar, with an ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) CO2 selectivity (i.e., separation factor) of 35.09 for the simulated flue gas component and a CO2 adsorption capacity of 24.21 cm3 g-1. In the aqueous dye solutions, both COFs present good adsorption performance for the selected dyes, and the maximum adsorption capacities of COFZ1 for methylene blue (MB) and gentian violet (GV) reach 510 and 564 mg g-1, respectively. Each of the two COFs shows a high anti-interference performance and excellent recyclability. The adsorption capacities of two COFs for RhB (Rhodamine B), MB, and GV hardly vary with pH values and salt concentrations. The adsorption behaviors of the two COFs for dyes follow Langmuir isothermal adsorption and quasi-secondary kinetic adsorption, approaching monolayer adsorption and chemisorption.
Simulated degradation of phytodetritus in deep-sea sediments of the NE Atlantic (47° N, 19° W)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The degradatlon of phytodetntus In the deep sea was studled in sediment samples of the NE Atlantlc In spnng and summer 1992 uslng I4C-labelled algal cells (Anacystls sp , Cyanophyceae) fed to the b e n t h ~c population in sh~p-board expenments and measuring the hberat~on of labelled I4CO2 over tune The rmnerahzation process showed a 2-step behaviour with a n ~n i t ~a l r a p ~d rate w h ~c h later slowed down, indicat~ng the init~al attack of easily degradable matenal of the complex food and the later uthzatlon of less labile matter The prof~le of degradation act~vlty with s e d ~m e n t depth showed no clear vertlcal gradlent in March, but in August the activity in the top honzon increased by a factor of 6 1 to 7 8, w h ~~h was coherent with Increased bacterial numbers or biomass (factor of 1 3 to 1 7 ) , respectively, and might be caused by the seasonal Input of phytodetntus to the deep-sea bottom The degrad a t ~o n measured was pos~tively influenced by elevated incubation pressure mostly in summer, indicat-Ing that the summer stimulation of mlcroblal activity in 1992 was based on the metabolic activation of the indigenous benthic community while surface-denved organisms attached to sedlmented part~cles were of lesser importance w ~t h respect to consumption of phytodetntus Several aspects on quality of phytodetrltus for nutrition of the deep-sea benthos, seasonality of detntus degradat~on, and influence of pressure on microbial activ~ty are discussed
Taking care of legislative business.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The New Jersey Hospital Association (NJHA) works with legislative leaders to shape policy that will benefit the state's 120 hospitals and the people they serve. The NJHA "to-do" list includes protecting providers against insolvent HMOs; guaranteeing children health care; and making the most of the tobacco settlement money. Attention also is being given to the damage caused by the Balanced Budget Act.
Latch-based FPGA emulation method for design verification: case study with microprocessor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using latches in a digital design is considered wrong owing to the timing issue. Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) vendors also recommend flip-flops instead of latches in emulation. In this reported work, however, the usefulness and benefit of utilising latches in FPGA emulation for processor design verification is demonstrated. The study shows that a latch-based register file provides the seamless capability of functionality validation, whereas the flip-flop based one requires modification to the original design, potentially harming the completeness of functional verification. Experiment results with Xilinx and Altera devices show marginal differences in terms of emulation performance and area requirement in both approaches. This study reveals that replacing SRAM with latches rather than flip-flops is appealing and preferable in emulation with FPGAs.
Hexapod Hall scanner for high-resolution large area magnetic imaging

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate a six-axis scanning imaging apparatus using piezo bending actuators with a large scan range. The six axes of motion of the bending actuators together with the coupling mechanism to the translation stage allow complete control of the sensor position and orientation over the scanning surface, which is ideal for the use of planar sensors such as Hall devices. In particular, the design allows for in situ correction of the probe tilt angle so that the sensor distance to sample surface can be minimized. We investigate the impact of this alignment on the quality of the measured data using an InSb Hall sensor and a magnetic sample. We also demonstrate a synchronous commutation setup that can greatly enhance the magnetic image by reducing the Hall signal offset.
Abstract 5924: A clock gene of TIM promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through binding with myosin-9

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor that is characterized by its high mortality rate. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive CRC tumorigenesis are still not clear. Clock genes have been recognized as playing key roles in tumor development. In our present study, we found the expression of TIM (encoding protein of Timeless), one of the clock genes was up-regulated in CRC tissues comparing to the corresponding normal tissues by the results of IHC and its expression was closely associated with tumor clinical stage and poor overall survival of CRC patients through analysis of clinical CRC patients. Functional studies demonstrated that TIM promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that TIM plays a key role in EMT. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry revealed that Timeless bound with Myosin-9. Furthermore, we also found TIM regulated the expression level of Myosin-9. And Myosin-9 knockdown retarded the migration and invasion of TIM-overexpressed CRC cells. Furthermore, we found the expression of TIM was regulated by histone acetylation at its promoter area. Our results show that TIM could regulate tumorigenesis of CRC by binding and regulating Myosin-9. Our results also implicate TIM as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. Citation Format: Xiaoqin Yuan, Yi Wang, Lei Wu. A clock gene of TIM promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through binding with myosin-9 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5924.