jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interface Dipoles Arising from Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold:  UV−Photoemission\nStudies of Alkanethiols and Partially Fluorinated Alkanethiols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Gold surfaces modified with C<sub>3</sub>−C<sub>18</sub>-alkanethiols (CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<i><sub>X</sub></i><sub>-</sub><sub>1</sub>SH; H<i><sub>X</sub></i>SH; <i>x</i> = 3, 8, 12, 16, 18) and C<sub>16</sub>-alkanethiols, fluorinated at the outer 1, 2, 4, and 10 methylene positions (CF<sub>3</sub>(CF<sub>2</sub>)<i><sub>Y</sub></i><sub>-</sub><sub>1</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<i><sub>X</sub></i>SH; F<i><sub>y</sub></i>H<i><sub>x</sub></i>SH;\n<i>y</i> = 1, <i>x</i> = 15; <i>y</i> = 2, <i>x</i> = 14; <i>y</i> = 4, <i>x</i> = 12; <i>y</i> = 10, <i>x</i> = 6) were characterized by He(I) UV-photoelectron\nspectroscopy (UPS). (Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of the partially fluorinated\nthin films is given in the Supporting Information). Long incubation times of the gold surface with the alkanethiol\nsolutions lead to compact monolayer films for all of the alkanethiols, as indicated by the exponential decrease\nin emission intensity versus alkyl chain length for both the gold Fermi edge (UPS data), and by a parallel\ndecrease in Au(4f) photoemission intensity using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Changes in the effective\nwork function of these surfaces due to the presence of significant interfacial dipoles are observed (<i>i</i>) as alkyl\nchain length is increased, and (<i>ii</i>) as the fraction of fluorinated methylene groups is increased in a constant\nlength alkyl chain. Negative shifts of the low kinetic energy photoemission edge with increasing alkyl chain\nlength in the H<i><sub>x</sub></i>SH series are consistent with the presence of a large positive interface dipole. The largest part\nof this shift (ca. 1.0 eV) appears between the C<sub>3</sub>- and C<sub>8</sub>-alkyl chain lengths. Adding −CF<i><sub>x</sub></i> groups to the\nouter end of the C<sub>16</sub>-alkyl chain positively shifts the low-kinetic-energy photoemission edge, consistent with\nthe presence of a large negative interface dipole that completely compensates for the positive dipole from the\nalkyl portion of the chain. Examining C<sub>13</sub>−C<sub>16</sub> alkyl chains fluorinated at only the outer methyl group shows\nthat this negative dipole depends on the orientation of the −CF<sub>3</sub> group (i.e., “odd−even” effects in the effective\nwork function are observed). Comparison of the shifts in gold/SAM vacuum level (changes in effective work\nfunction) as a function of the apparent dipole moment of the molecule provides an estimate of the band-edge\noffsets for these molecules on the gold surface, an estimate of the intrinsic shift in a vacuum level at zero\ndipole moment of the adsorbate, and an estimate of the intrinsic dipole moment for the gold−thiolate bond.
Passive terahertz image processing (I)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Terrorism originated from the late 18th century and gained world-wide attention in 1970s during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Since then, countries have stepped up their efforts in security systems to safeguard the interest of their country. The project hopes to achieve both its scientific and social goals. The scientific goals highlight the process of research and invention of an intelligent machine learning model capable of detecting contraband goods via the use of imaging technology, passive terahertz. The social goals the project hope to achieve would be achieved through the invention of the product mentioned in the project where the occurrence of terrorism would be reduced and ideally prevented.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of α‐ and β‐Methoxystyrenes with Arylsulfonyl Azides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anatomia funcional e comportamento das artérias coronárias do Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anseriformes, Anatidae)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

It was studied the behaviour of the coronary arteries, focalizing your origin, itinerary, and destines of your branches. Were used 30 specimens of Cairina moschata, adults, males and females, coming of farm in municipal district of Jaboticabal in the state of São Paulo. The animals had their arteries filled with colored latex solution and then fixed in 10% formaldehyde. The coronary arteries appear in pairs (right and left) as first segment of the artery aorta, soon after your origin in the heart. The left coronary artery represents the largest portion of contribution in the irrigation of the heart, and a part of the superficial branch bed through the coronary furrow and the other part drives for the apex of the heart; the deep branch penetrates in the interventricular sept musculature. The right coronary artery, in the same way of the left, part of the superficial branch bed through the coronary furrow and the other branch drives for the apex of the heart, the deep branch emerges on the right side of the heart and helps the irrigation of this organ. Anastomoses was been evidenced between the left superficial coronaries arteries and the right deep coronary artery.
Anomalous effect of hydrogenation on phonon thermal conductivity in thin silicon nanowires

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Using equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations, we investigate the phonon thermal conductivity of hydrogenated silicon nanowires (H-SiNWs). In contrast to the usual thermal conductivity reduction observed upon surface passivation due to the enhancement of phonon-surface scattering in nanostructures, we observe increased thermal conductivity upon the surface hydrogenation of thin SiNWs as compared to pure SiNWs. We show that such an anomalous effect arises mainly from the hydrogenation-induced specific changes in the lattice structures and phonon modes of surface silicon atoms.
Preparation and characterization of self-aggregating micelles from stearic acid-modified burdock root polysaccharide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to obtain amphiphilic polysaccharide self-assembly micelles, the hydrophobic modification by grafting stearic acid (SA) onto the backbone of burdock root polysaccharide (BRP) was carried out and its main physicochemical properties were characterized. The results showed that the optimal esterification conditions were as follows: reaction time of 2 h, reaction temperature of 55 ℃, system pH of 8.0 and the SA addition of 4 mmol, a maximum substitution degree (DS) of the esterification products was obtained as 0.1012. The FTIR analysis verified that the modified polysaccharide successfully introduced the ester carbonyl group. 1 H NMR spectra further confirmed that the esterification reaction occurred. The SA-modified BRP micelles were roughly spherical with uniform dispersion and the particle size was in the range of 259–352 nm, which showed a negative correlation with the DS. The solubility of the esterification products also decreased. The smaller critical micelle concentration (CMC) led to easier formation of self-aggregating micelles and stronger solubilization effect. The above results indicated that SA-modified BRP as a novel carrier material possessed potential to deliver hydrophobic active substances. Graphical Abstract
Dependence of cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics with nanosecond laser on the laser wavelength and oxygen concentration of the air

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is a kind of advanced light-weight materials. CFRP is used in various transport equipment in order to increase fuel economy. Laser cutting is one of useful technologies for cutting CFRP. However, heat affected zone (HAZ) is formed at laser irradiation area since the heat conduction property of the matrix is different from that of carbon. In our experiments, we investigated the dependence of HAZ on oxygen concentration by irradiating nanosecond laser in the chamber in argon gas, which reduces oxygen concentration, and in the air. The results suggested that the laser cutting of the CFRP in argon gas might be a useful method to reduce heat affected zone due to suppression of the oxidization of the carbon fibers.
IMPACT OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT: MEDIATING ROLES OF SUSTAINABILITY RATIONALES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of Green Human Resource Management, in understanding the employees’ perception about the value and rationale their organizations hold for sustainability, both as a business case and morality and to find out its impact on organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE), in the textile companies of Lahore, Pakistan. This is a cross-sectional study with an unknown population and includes employees of the Lahore based Textile companies of Pakistan, as the unit of analysis. Questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample size of (N = 165). Multiple regression was run and mediation Analysis in PROCESS (Andrew F. Hayes) was conducted for data analysis, which is one of the Gaps, which this study addresses. A detailed data analysis concluded that this study supports its hypotheses. Furthermore the study also concludes that Eco-Centric Rationale for Sustainability and Organization-Centric Rationale for sustainability partially mediate between Green HRM and OCBE. The sample size was kept small due to Covid-19 and the country-wide shutdown of companies. Moreover academically, this study includes only four GHRM practices while examining its impact on Organizational Citizenship behavior towards environment. Insight into the green HR practices would be beneficial to managers and academic researcher and for local and international investors who value green culture inside and outside an organization. This study theoretically contributes by examining the HRM Attribution theory in the context of Green HRM.
The Renunciation of One’s Nationality of Origin and European Union Citizenship: is it Compatible with Spain’s Dual Nationality System?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As a basic principle of international law, the ways of the diﬀerent modes of nationality acquisition, recovery and loss is a matter falling under the jurisdiction of sovereign nations. \nHowever, as with other issues, relatively unrestricted intra-EU mobility rules have spawned a debate on the compatibility between national regulations and the demands of the current European \nstatus civitatis. In this study, considering the increasingly common factual and legal phenomenon \nof plurinationality, we will question the existing requirement in some systems of nationality law \n(among them Spain’s) for one to expressly renounce their nationality of origin when aspiring to be \nnaturalized through residence in another Member State. In the current stage of the development \nof European integration process, this demand for renunciation becomes an unsustainable demand. \nIn fact, avoid the legal recognition and enjoyment of two European nationality obstructs the full \nrespect for own personal and plural identity as European citizenship. Implementing the procedures \ntowards a paradigm shift are as needed as possible, which is explored in this study. \nKEYWORDS: Nationality, dual nationality, dual citizenship, renunciation of nationality, European \ncitizenship, intra-EU mobility, free movement of persons.
Using an adaptive observer to design pole-placement controllers for discrete time systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An adaptive control scheme which assigns all poles of an unknown linear discrete system to arbitrary Locations is proposed. Design procedures for both state space and frequency domain are outlined. The scheme is composed of a hyperstable fast identifier and an adaptive controller for adjustment of the feedback gain. It is shown that the overall control scheme is globally hyperstable if the plant input is sufficiently rich.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Morbidely Adherent Placenta in Cases with Previous Caesarean Section in Benha University Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is defined as the abnormal adherence of placenta to the underlying uterine wall.Strange placental adherence can be grouped into three particular conditions: placenta accreta; placenta increta, and placenta percreta where chorionic villi infiltrate through the uterine serosa and may attack encompassing.The points of this examination were to decide the occurrence of sullenly Adherent Placenta in cases with past cesarean segment in Benha University from December 2018 till June 2019.Also to decide the epidemiological elements in instances of Morbidly Adherent Placenta according to ordinary placenta.The imminent examination was done at Benha University Hospital, from December 2018 till June 2019 where a sum of 33 ladies who satisfied the consideration standards were enlisted into the investigation.Coming up next were accomplished for all case: history, clinical assessment and ultrasonography assessment.Level of Morbidity Adherent Placenta was (36.4%).Percentage of Accreta (18.2%),Focal Accreta (3.0%), Percreta (15.2%).There were measurably critical increment in Number of Previous CS among cases with Morbidly Adherent Placenta than cases without Morbidly Adherent Placenta.There were factually noteworthy increment in Gravidity (frail) and Parity and maternal age among cases with Morbidly Adherent Placenta than cases without Morbidly Adherent Placenta.Ladies with an earlier cesarean conveyance had a high frequency of MAP.The most common sullen bond was placenta accumulate.Expanded frequency of MAP with expanding number of past cesarean conveyances.There was additionally an expanded danger of MAP related with more seasoned maternal age.Multiparity and multigravidas have been proposed as being related with a higher danger of MAP.
The main aspects of social and hygienic monitoring for diphyllobothriasis in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The high incidence of diphyllobotriosis in the coastal areas of Lake Baikal is an objective reflection of the socio-hygienic problems of the population of the Republic of Buryatia. In ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the Republic of Buryatia, there are many topical and territory-specific hygienic problems related to food safety issues. One of the main tasks is to prevent cases of diphyllobotriosis associated with the consumption of aquatic bioresources caught in the reservoirs of Transbaikalia, including the Baikal omul, in connection with the preservation of the risk of its development from the impact of a complex of socioeconomic, biological and environmental factors of the environment.The purpose of our study was to investigate the regional features of diphyllobothriosis with an analysis of the current situation on infection of fish (the second intermediate hosts of the genus diphyllobothrium) with diphyllobothrium plerocercoids.Material and methods. The database of the Republican information Fund for social and hygienic monitoring of the Department of Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare for the Republic of Buryatia and the Center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Republic of Buryatia was used as sources of information. The study was conducted using statistical, analytical, mathematical methods, as well as comparative analysis.Results. According to our research, the course of the epidemic process was found to be influenced by a complex of environmental factors. This high anthropogenic load of the Selenga river and lake Quill, where the main causes are the failure modes of nature-protection and sanitary-protective zones of the lake, the unauthorized disposal of waste production and consumption, inadequate operation of water purification facilities, deterioration of the sanitary-technical condition of water supply and sewage networks.Conclusion. The high incidence of diphyllobotriosis in the coastal areas of lake Baikal is an objective reflection of the socio-hygienic problems of the population of the Republic of Buryatia.
ANOTHER DEATH FROM "NUGA-TONE"

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To the Editor:

—Noting the article on "Nuga-Tone" in the Propaganda department ofThe Journal, May 17, I wish to report the death of a child, 3 years old, with typical symptoms of strychnin poisoning from eating an unknown number of "Nuga-Tone" tablets.
An Improved Method for Using Sample Entropy to Reveal Medical Information in Data from Continuously Monitored Physiological Signals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical devices, especially wearables, are being under fast development for continuous monitoring of physiological signals. These devices generate a huge amount of continuous time series data. To derive meaningful and useful information out of these data, the adoption of nonlinear statistics is usually essential. Sample entropy is becoming a widely used nonlinear statistics to extract the information contained in continuous time series data for disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, missing values commonly exist in the physiological time series data. How to minimize the influence of missing points on the calculation of entropy remains an important problem in practice. In this paper, we propose a new method to handle missing values in this area. Unlike the usual ways by modifying the input data, such as direct deletion, our method keeps the data unchanged and modifies the calculation process, which employs a less intrusive way of dealing with missing values. Our research demonstrates that our method is effective and applicable to RR interval data in entropy analysis. Therefore, our proposed method may serve as an effective tool for dealing with missing values in the analysis of sample entropy for physiological signals.
An Empirical Investigation of Continuous‐Time Equity Return Models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper extends the class of stochastic volatility diffusions for asset returns to encompass Poisson jumps of time‐varying intensity. We find that any reasonably descriptive continuous‐time model for equity‐index returns must allow for discrete jumps as well as stochastic volatility with a pronounced negative relationship between return and volatility innovations. We also find that the dominant empirical characteristics of the return process appear to be priced by the option market. Our analysis indicates a general correspondence between the evidence extracted from daily equity‐index returns and the stylized features of the corresponding options market prices.
8. al-Jaṣṣāṣ (d. 370/981)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Al-Jaṣṣāṣ lived in the transitional period between the High Caliphate of the Abbasids and the rise to power of non-Arab peoples in the lands of Islam. Like most Ḥanafī scholars, Al-Jaṣṣāṣ’ main interest was the science of fiqh in the broad sense of substantive law and jurisprudence. He produced original works, commentaries and abridgements. Based on his extant works, al-Jaṣṣāṣ’ contribution to Muslim scholarship spans three fields, all of which are related to fiqh , i.e. law, in the broad sense. The first field, in which he was an influential innovator, is jurisprudence ( uṣūl al-fiqh ). The second field in which al-Jaṣṣāṣ became prominent is the field of legal exegesis, that is, exegesis of the legal injunctions of the Qurʾān. Al-Jaṣṣāṣ’ Aḥkām al-Qurʾān seems to have been the first work designed to interpret the Qurʾān from the perspective of jurisprudence. Keywords:Aḥkām al-Qurʾān; Al-Jaṣṣāṣ; Islam; jurisprudence; legal exegesis; substantive law; uṣūl al-fiqh
Researching Networked Management Learning

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

After a review of the dominant approaches that have been used to research networked learning, the article focuses on research that has been reported in the management education and learning literature over the period 1999–2002. The authors argue that, to date, despite the rising importance of networked management learning, it is a topic that has not received sufficient attention in the management education research literature. In addition, the methods and approaches used to research networked learning in the management education and learning field have arguably not been consistent with the educational principles and ideas supposedly associated with networked learning. The article concludes by suggesting possible fruitful agendas and approaches for future research and studies of networked management learning.
Introduction to Narrative Phenomenon Model: A Framework for Mapping War Stories that Travel through Generations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article relies upon cultural trauma theory for the basic understanding of storytelling in a post-traumatic situation and presents its findings based on researcher’s own observation of a post conflict situation of decade long armed conflict in Nepal. It introduces a communication model to explain the storytelling phenomenon that emerges during and after any violent situation and that exists through newer generations. First, the article discusses some theories related to trauma stories and sociology of generational differences. Second, it proposes Narrative Phenomenon Model as a new tool that can map the journey of trauma stories created by those exposed to war or violent events. Third, it discusses how narratives get created, modified or transformed into multiple truths.
Desiring the Nation: Transgender Trauma in Asylum Declarations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on asylum declarations as legal documents that produce a particular national subject of trauma who desires entry into the United States. Specifically, Josephson examines the personal narratives of transgender, Latina migrants who are applying for asylum on the basis of gender identity. Asylum declarations bring together the discourse of the asylum seeker as a victim fleeing persecution with the discourse of the transgender person as a self-actualizing individual who chooses to migrate across gender and national borders. Josephson argues that the genre of the asylum declaration makes room for affirmations of family and community and for articulations of love, sex, pleasure, and other forms of embodied emotions that displace the normative discourses of nationalist desire.Keywordsasylum lawcommunitymobilitynational belongingtransgendertrauma