jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Japanese physicians’ preferences for decision making in rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Akiko Aoki,1 Sadayoshi Ohbu2 1Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 2Department of Sociology, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic illness requiring continued medical care. During the past decade, the therapeutic options for RA have increased significantly; these often have a higher risk of adverse effects and are more expensive than traditional drugs. Rheumatologists may hence face difficulties when deciding on the optimal modality in initiating or changing treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the Japanese physicians’ usual style of and preferences for decision making regarding RA treatment.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an Internet survey. Respondents were asked about their usual style of making treatment decisions (perceived style), and their perception of the importance of physicians’ actions and patients’ attitudes.Results: Of the 485 physicians who were sent the questionnaire, 157 responded completely (response rate: 32.3%). Ninety-two percent of the respondents were men, and 57% were clinicians with more than 20 years of experience. Their specialties were general medicine (29%), rheumatology (27%), orthopedics (31%), and rehabilitation (12%). Sixty-one (39%) stated that they usually presented multiple treatment options to their patients and selected a decision for them, 42 (27%) shared the decision making with their patients, 34 (22%) let their patients choose the treatment, and 20 (13%) made the treatment decision for the patients. Physicians using the shared decision making (SDM) style desired for their patients to have supportive family and friends, to discuss with nurses, and to follow the doctors’ directions more strongly compared with physicians using the other styles. There were no significant differences in sex, duration of clinical experience, major place of clinical work, and number of patients per month by the styles. More number of rheumatologists and physicians with specialist qualifications stated that they practiced SDM.Conclusion: To enhance patient participation, physicians need to recognize the importance of discussing treatment options with patients in addition to giving them information. Keywords: physician, decision making, rheumatoid arthritis
Democracy, Epistocracy, and the Epistemic Problems of Politics: How Centralized Decision Making Undermines Three Fundamental Democratic Values

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONDemocracy, Epistocracy, and the Epistemic Problems of Politics: How Centralized Decision Making Undermines Three Fundamental Democratic ValuesbyBrandon Samuel RichardsonDoctor of Philosophy in PhilosophyUniversity of California, Irvine, 2020Professor Annalisa Coliva, ChairThe empirical evidence of widespread ignorance of voters in modern democracies has led some philosophers to question traditional justifications for democracy. These philosophers attempt to resolve this problem by arguing for limits on who can vote with the goal of increasing the competence of the average voter. Epistemic democrats attempt to assuage these worries by looking to a priori theorems that purport to show that democracy can be competent despite the widespread ignorance of voters. In this dissertation I argue for a fuller account of what it means to be competent in making political decisions, without which we face a problem I call the graveyard spiral. I then use this account of competence to show that epistemic democrats and epistocrats fail to give us a reason to expect competence in government, which leaves us open to the graveyard spiral problem. Because of this, I argue that these views face a trilemma of democratic values. I argue that in order for competence to be satisfied, public problems should be addressed at the lowest levels of complexity to reduce the problems with tracking the effects of decisions, but also to increase the variety of solutions to public problems. Through a process of encapsulating public problems and decentralizing the decision making process, we can expect meta-competence to be satisfied and to avoid the trilemma.
Society, Politics and Class

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1800 about 80 per cent of the population of Great Britain lived in the countryside; in 1900 about 80 per cent in the towns and cities. When considering this massive demographic shift, the result of property enclosures and the Industrial Revolution, students of the Victorian period must be careful to guard against idealized conceptions of pre-Victorian Britain as a natural or 'organic' society, an unchanging, localized rural order distinguished by stable, prosperous communities. Equally, it is worth remembering that although after the middle of the nineteenth century agriculture was no longer the hub around which the entire British economy turned, it was only in 1901 that transport and the metal industries surpassed it as the main employers of the British population. Notwithstanding, it remains the case that Victorian society was dramatically marked by the twofold processes of industrialization and urbanization, and it is important to recognize the extent to which Britain was transformed by new living conditions, working environments, modes of social interaction and organization — and the possibilities and pressures associated with such changes. As Marx and Engels famously noted, it was a period when it seemed that 'All that is solid melts into air'. Victorian society, politics and culture were energized at once by excitement and anxiety.
The music therapy effectiveness in hypertensive patients with acute myocardial infarction after previous coronary artery bypass surgery; 18-year experience of the MUSIC study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Patients who have clinical evidence of hypertension (HT) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) have a poor prognosis in expression of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as one of the MACE. Unrelieved anxiety can produce an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity leading to an increase in cardiac workload. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on prognosis of patients with HT and AMI, after CABS. Methods 314 patients (males 78.4%, mean age 59.8±1.2 yrs) with AMI after previous CABS have been selected from the patients consecutively submitted from January 2003 to January 2019. HT was registered in 166 (53.0%) pts with AMI after previous CABS. All patients with HT were randomized and divided in 2 groups: Study group of 83 patients treated with music therapy and Control group of 83 patients with no music therapy. Each patient in study group underwent two sessions of medical therapy (12 minutes) in a day. Both groups were similar in baselines, post-AMI characteristics and post-AMI medical therapy. The plasma cytokine and catecholamine were measured in both groups. Results In the Study group, heart rate was significantly decreased by music therapy (p=0.0196). In the Control group, there were no significant changes in heart rate. Among cytokines (p=0.0160), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p=0.0179) in the Study group was significantly lower than those in the Control group, as well as plasma adrenaline (p=0.0162) and noradrenalin (p=0.0218) levels. Conclusion This study provides support for the use of musical therapy in patients with HT and AMI after previous CABS. The positive effects of music therapy, in these patients, are probably because of enhanced of parasympathetic activities and reduction of plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Evaluation of Multi-Electrode Effects on Electrovibration Tactile Stimulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrovibration is one of promising methods for tactile feedback in mobile devices because of its simplicity of the structure and principle. In order to increase the capability of tactile presentation with the electrovibration, we developed an electrovibration tactile display with 1 mm electrode resolution. Voltage to each electrode is controlled separately and the tactile display can present electrovibration stimulus distribution. We designed the tactile display and optimized the voltage waveform to avoid destruction of an insulator. We fabricated the proposed tactile display with micro-fabrication process. We experimentally evaluated the relationships between stimulation condition and perception in subjects. The obtained results indicated that the multi- electrode design had a potential to enhance tactile rendering performance of electrovibration stimulation.
Intelligence as a Factor of Production in the Post-Crisis Economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, a lot of information is becoming available to anyone around the world, thanks to the development of the internet and the increasingly rate of globalization. Concepts like business intelligence, data mining and, more recently, big data, gain an important role in the work of information management. However, the new knowledge based society needs the development of a more specific and competitor based type of information analysis, such as the one part of the Competitive Intelligence cycle. The result of the information analysis within the Competitive Intelligence activity is called intelligence, and it refers to useful and actionable information, which can be used by a decision maker within a firm in order to gain durable competitive advantages. Therefore, with the competitiveness playing an essential role in the new post-crisis economy, earning competitive advantages with the use of proper actionable information is mandatory. The sub-prime economic crisis hit firms and corporations all over the world and the period following this crisis was and still is a real test of survivability. Only the strongest and the most adaptable firms can thrive in a society with skeptical and more and more exigent consumers. This study brings information together with the other newer factors of production (besides labour, land and work), such as technological or entrepreneur’s ability, properly managing information analysis inside a firm being an important element of development in the new post-crisis economy. At the same time, it can be the base of a more thorough research regarding the importance intelligence for the competitive market and the role it can play in developing the business environment. The main answer this study gives refers to the importance of information analysis and of using its results inside a firm that aims to increase its competitiveness in the market.
Vegetative growth, flowering behaviour and fruit development of green house cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, U.P. during two consecutive years 2007 and 2008 on growth, flowering behavior and fruit development of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). The farm soil is sandy loam in texture having 6.6 to 7.4pH The experiment consisted 12 cucumber varities such as, CH-20, Prasad-10, CH-24, Pusa Sanyog, SPP-44, NH-150, Patna,Rachi-3, Poin settle, Green long, Swarna Ageti and SPP-56 with 3 replication in randomized Block Design. Results showed that verieties Pusa Sanyog at 14th D.A.A. while, 28th, 42nd D.D.A. maximum fresh weight was associated with cultivar Ranchi-3 and dry weight was noted C.V. NH-150 at 28th D.A.A. than other rest varieties. Male flowers were earlier than female flowers in all the cultivars of cucumber in the both years. Prasad-10 is suitable for earlier flowering anthesis of flower on lower nods. The fruit size of cucumber was maximum developed at initial stages i.e. from 7th to 14th and 21st days after anthesis of different cucumber varieties in study years.
Oral contraceptives and hypertension. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relation of admission blood pressure (BP) to oral contraceptive (OC) use and age was studied in 921 women aged 20-44 years who were hospitalized on general medical and surgical services for acute illness or elective surgery. All subjects were premenopausal had no history of hypertension and were free of chronic disease or any disorder that might either contraindicate or be caused by OC use. Elevated BP readings (systolic BP equal to or greater than 140 or diastolic BP equal to or greater than 90 mm Hg) were recorded in 289 of 921 patients (31%) but hypertension was of mild degree in 91% of these cases. There were 188 (20%) OC users at the time of admission. Considering hypertension as a discrete event the age-standardized risk ratio among OC users was 1.46 (chi-square=3.9 p less than .05). Considered as continuous variables systolic and diastolic BPs were positively associated with age (r=.2 p less than .001). However analysis of covariance did not reveal a significant difference between OC users and non users in systolic or diastolic BP when adjusted for age. The age-adjusted mean BP in OC users (122.6/77.3) was higher than in nonusers (121.4/76.3) but the difference was not significant. The findings suggest that among apparently healthy females OC-induced hypertension affects relatively few individuals and is usually mild in degree.(FULL TEXT)
CD28-mediated regulation of multiple myeloma cell proliferation and survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although interactions with bone marrow stromal cells are essential for multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival, the specific molecular and cellular elements involved are largely unknown, due in large part to the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment itself. The T-cell costimulatory receptor CD28 is also expressed on normal and malignant plasma cells, and CD28 expression in MM correlates significantly with poor prognosis and disease progression. In contrast to T cells, activation and function of CD28 in myeloma cells is largely undefined. We have found that direct activation of myeloma cell CD28 by anti-CD28 mAb alone induces activation of PI3K and NFκB, suppresses MM cell proliferation, and protects against serum starvation and dexamethasone (dex)–induced cell death. Coculture with dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the CD28 ligands CD80 and CD86 also elicits CD28-mediated effects on MM survival and proliferation, and DCs appear to preferentially localize within myeloma infiltrates in primary patient samples. Our findings suggest a previously undescribed myeloma/DC cell-cell interaction involving CD28 that may play an important role in myeloma cell survival within the bone marrow stroma. These data also point to CD28 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of MM.
Development of a Robot for Interior Finishing Works

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Development of a Robot for Interior Finishing Works A. Warszawski, R. Navon Pages 245-258 (1987 Proceedings of the 4th ISARC, Haifa, Israel, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Keywords: No keywords DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1987/0015 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Observation of gamma‐ray dose increase associated with winter thunderstorm and lightning activity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Increases of environmental gamma‐ray dose which seem to originate from lightning activity were observed around a nuclear facility in Japan. Dose increases measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) exposed during a period including a lightning flash were up to about 0.1 mGy. Dose rates indicated by environmental radiation monitors around the facility also increased transiently at that time. From pulse‐height analysis of an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, the photon energy spectrum evaluated by spectral unfolding is continuous with energy up to several MeV, consistent with bremsstrahlung emission from energetic electrons. Furthermore, energy spectra of bremsstrahlung photons emitted from high‐energy electrons are obtained by Monte Carlo calculation. These results are discussed in conjunction with observation.
Implementing the Architecture

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Now in its fourth edition, this is the definitive step-by-step 'how to' guide to designing an organization. Building on information processing theory, the book proposes a holistic, multi-contingency model of the organization. This textbook communicates the fundamentals of traditional and new organizational forms, including up-to-date analysis of self-organizing, boss-less, digital, and sustainable organizations. Providing a framework for the practical implementation of organizational design changes, the authors break the process down into seven basic steps: (1) Assessing Goals, (2) Assessing Strategy, (3) Analyzing Structure, (4) Assessing Process and People, (5) Analyzing Coordination, Control and Incentives, (6) Designing the Architecture, and (7) Implementing the Architecture. Each step connects with one of the nine interdependent components of the multi-contingency model, and the authors also provide a logical query process for approaching each of these components. This is an ideal guide for managers or executives interested in assessing their organization and taking steps to redesign it for success, as well as for MBA and executive MBA students looking for an introduction to organizational design.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Two Types of Truck Bumper Produced in the Algerian Auto Industry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, the reduction of weight in automotive is a very important topic to reduce the air pollution. In this context, the purpose of the present paper is to analyze a real case study through a comparison of the environmental impacts between a conventional steel bumper and a polyester prototype. In the first part of this work, a door-to-door life-cycle assessment methodology was used throughout the study of the component manufacturing phase. The SimaPro 7.1 software is used to evaluate the impacts of both bumpers on the environment and health. The second part is devoted to dust analysis from the polyester workshop. The obtained results have allowed us to show the company that its choice of steel substitution by the polyester is advantageous for certain impacts including the impact of climate change, but unfortunately there may be, given the working conditions of the polyester workshop, a transfer of impact, since we will end up with a risk of health (irritations, cancers) for the workers. LCA has proven to be a very useful tool for validating a redesigned automotive component from an environmental point of view; from this case study, several recommendations were made for the company to design environmentally friendly components, and ecodesign should be introduced into the company's procedures.
P35 Morbidity and mortality of cirrhotic patients admitted to a large tertiary hospital in England

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

The number of cirrhosis-related hospital admissions in England has doubled over the past decade, accounting for over 75,000 admissions/year. There is increasing focus on the impact of deprivation in liver disease. The catchment area for our centre has one of the largest proportions of highly deprived neighbourhoods in England and in this study, we sought to provide a descriptive analysis of liver-related admissions.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis at our centre were entered into a database from April 2018 onwards. We did a retrospective analysis of emergency admissions between January 2018 and January 2022. A validated algorithm using ICD-10 codes was used to identify liver-related admissions from electronic health record data. We reviewed admissions amongst database patients, irrespective of when the patient entered the database, and overall. Basic demographic details and deprivation data based on postcode was collated.

Results

There were 3697 unplanned liver-related admissions in 1379 patients during the study period. 393 (28%) of these patients were within the cirrhosis database and accounted for 1343 admissions. 751 patients (54%) died during the study period. 533 (38.8%) deaths occurred either during or within one month of a liver-related admission, whilst a further 218 patients died thereafter. Admissions were more common in men and those within a lower socioeconomic decile, reflecting national trends reported by Public Health England. Patients with viral and alcohol related liver disease and those with more advanced disease also had more frequent hospital admissions. Median length of stay was 5 days (range 1 to 176), and there was no difference in duration of hospital stay before, during or after national lockdowns were imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The median number of admissions per month within the database cohort increased each year between 2018 and 2021 from 14 admissions per month to 40 (figure 1A). Although a similar trend was not observed in the overall cohort, suggesting that the number of liver-related admissions to our centre has remained stable through the study period (figure 1B).

Conclusions

Unplanned hospital attendances are common amongst cirrhotic patients, particularly those from lower socioeconomic groups. Over half of patients with at least one liver-related admission died during the follow up period, with two thirds of these deaths occurring during or shortly after discharge. The data shows the true burden of liver disease and highlights the need for improved in-patient care for this vulnerable patient group.
Structural Diagnostics via Anomaly-driven Demixing of Wavefield Data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work introduces a method for the detection and triangulation of anomalous features in solid media. The strategy leverages an algorithm which demixes the dynamic system response data into two distinct components: the first characterized by spatially sparse, persistent features and the second comprising the relatively large, smooth features of the bulk response. In performing this demixing, we select a topologically suitable basis for each component and we seek an accurate representation of the data in terms of the respective bases. This task is cast in the form of a Group Lasso optimization problem and solved using a Block Coordinate Descent algorithmic approach. The resulting representation distills the signatures of potential anomalies from the bulk dynamic response, thus allowing an effortless determination of their location. The proposed method is baseline free, automated, unsupervised (it makes no use of training sets), and model agnostic (it makes virtually no use of material knowledge or constitutive behavior). These attributes are appealing in systems where there exists limited or unreliable a priori constitutive knowledge of the model, or when the physical domain is highly heterogeneous or compromised by large damage zones. The method is tested against synthetically generated data and experimental data obtained using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/155
‘Violence against the Earth is Violence against Women’: The Rape Theme in Women’s Eco-Narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The metaphorical connection between women and the Earth is a recurring literary trope which is often articulated through the theme of rape. In many narratives the sexual abuse of women is, for instance, equated with the colonial penetration and conquering of the land. Today many women writers have undertaken a plight to subvert destructive colonialist and capitalistic attitudes that have normalized violence against women’s bodies and against the Earth. This essay analyses the theme of rape in the works of three Canadian novelists (Maracle, Brand and Atwood) whose eco-narratives summon environmental justice by retrieving an ethos of respect for the woman-land connection.