jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mismatch Repair Status and Lymph Node Ratio in Survival Prediction of Stage II/III Rectal Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Multi‐Center Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background The microsatellite status (dMMR vs. pMMR) in colorectal cancer can serve as a guiding factor for patient prognosis and treatment, where dMMR status indicates a better prognosis and often obviates the need for adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Conversely, a higher lymph node ratio (LNR) is associated with a poorer prognosis. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance of LNR and MMR status in relation to ACT in stages II and III colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 1946 patients who underwent radical resection for colorectal cancer and were pathologically staged as II and III from three medical centers between 2012 and 2019 were selected. Among them, 1104 patients were included after MMR status was tested and postoperative chemotherapy was administered, along with other clinical information. MMR (mismatch repair) status was determined via pathological immunohistochemistry (IHC), and LNR was calculated. Patients were divided into three groups based on the LNR value and subjected to Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of MMR, LNR, and ACT on overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Results A total of 6.47% of stage II and III colorectal cancers were detected as dMMR. Significant differences in OS and DFS between dMMR and pMMR patients were observed when the LNR ranged from 0.03 to 0.31, with pMMR patients showing a better prognosis. Stratified analysis with ACT revealed that postoperative chemotherapy did not affect the prognosis within the dMMR patient group. However, compared to the pMMR group, dMMR patients experienced significantly adverse effects on prognosis after receiving postoperative chemotherapy ( p < 0.05). This result was more pronounced in the stratified analysis based on LNR (0.03–0.31) ( p < 0.01). Conclusions Integrating LNR based on the microsatellite status of colorectal tumors provides comprehensive prognostic predictions, enhancing postoperative prognostic considerations for tumor patients. Additionally, our study suggests that patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer with dMMR status do not require any adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively.
Horizontal Well Completion Recommendations Through Optimized Formation Evaluation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Use of horizontal well completion to enhance hydrocarbon recovery has increased considerably in the past several years. Projections for future horizontal wells hold considerable promise as long as well productivity enhancement outweighs the incremental cost. The success of horizontal wells to date appears to be related to the development and application of specific technology. Optimized completion techniques are on top of the list of such required technology. Recent publications clearly demonstrate that without proper formation evaluation, adequate completion is typically unachievable and often results in premature well abandonment. This paper targets the three most common horizontal well formations subject to completion: naturally fractured, matrix permeability dominated systems and formations bounded by a gas cap or an aquifer or both. The formation parameters that best define matrix permeability dominated systems are quite different than those associated with naturally fractured formations. The paper first identifies the parameters that best define individual formations. Possible completion options for these formations are then discussed. Optimized completion recommendations are presented for each of the formations through use of case studies. Recommended completion procedures for naturally fractured formations require use of external casing packers and alternating perforated or slotted and blank pipes. Zonal isolation is of prime importance in matrix permeability dominated systems, especially when the pay interval is bounded by a gas cap or an aquifer or both. The recommended completion procedure for these types of formations uses cemented casing and selective perforating.
Xtriticosecale sp. T 3454

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Xtriticosecale sp.
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: X11066-I-9M-2Y-0Y
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: T 3454
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1980
Other identifiers: n/a,T3454, n/a,GID 400380, n/a,12ITYN19, n/a,CID 2361 SID 7
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
Modified masking period patterns as a function of frequency region and masker bandwidth

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The auditory system must encode dynamic aspects of acoustic stimuli at frequencies throughout the audible spectrum. This coding is limited by the temporal resolution of the ear. Recent measures of modulation detection and temporal gap detection thresholds with narrow-band noises of fixed bandwidth indicate that temporal resolution does not vary with noise carrier frequency from 500 to 4400 Hz. The present study investigated temporal processing using a modified masking period pattern technique. Masked thresholds were measured for pure tones of 500, 2000, and 4000 Hz that were 400 ms in duration. Maskers consisted of narrow-band noises centered on the signal frequency that were either unmodulated or sinusoidally amplitude modulated (modulation depth=1.0) at frequencies from 4 to 256 Hz. The noise bandwidth ranged from 200 to 1600 Hz at each center frequency. By comparing masked thresholds for the unmodulated and amplitude modulated noises, one may assess both within-channel (narrowband noises) and across-channel (wideband noises) temporal processing. Preliminary results indicate that thresholds for a given masker bandwidth depend strongly on modulation frequency but vary little with signal frequency over the range tested. The data will be discussed relative to measures of temporal resolution and comodulation masking release.
[Identification and characteristics of mRNA's showing increased levels during DNA replication].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A library of double-stranded cDNA was prepared using poly (A) + RNA from regenerating rat liver 20 h after partial hepatectomy. Differential screening of 350 recombinant clones with cDNA-G0 and cDNA-S identified eleven cDNA clones (pRL), the sequences of which were preferentially expressed during the DNA replication period. Levels of mRNAs complementary to these clones were 2--10-fold higher in the S-period, than in G0. Using plasmid cDNAs to different mRNA, pRL we have investigated the changes in the levels of mRNA pRL during liver regeneration. The level of mRNA mRL2 and pRL79 was increased just before DNA replication. mRNA pRL35 accumulates after partial hepatectomy with the maximum at 6 h. The augment of two other mRNA concentrations was expressed to a lesser extent. Northern-blot analysis allowed to determine the individual dual mRNAs corresponding to each of the three clones with their sizes ranging from about 1650 to 3900 bases. Three mRNAs (pRL35, 67 and 79) were shown (by hybrid-selected translation) to code for proteins of about 100, 140 and 120 kDa, respectively.
Ring Width Patterns of Douglas Fir in Relation to Crown Vitality and Age

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ring width patterns often different stands, five vitality classes and three age-classes are used to explore the effect of the decline in vitality on radial growth of Douglas fir in the Netherlands and to determine the onset of this decline. A relationship between growth performance and crown vitality is found in most stands, although the variation within and between stands is large. Severe needle loss leads to serious decline in ring width. The onset of the decline varies from c. 1959 to 1976. The present data set does not enable a choice between the various causal scenarios of forest decline that have been proposed in the literature.
Comparative genotyping of Campylobacter coli using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A total of 100 Campylobacter coli isolates from swine reared in conventional and antimicrobial free (ABF) farms were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to evaluate their discriminatory power, throughput and index of association to determine the genotypic similarity and clonal structure of the isolates.
Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We provide an example of how race- and place-based legacies of disinvestment initiated by New Deal Era redlining regimes under the auspices of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) were followed by decades of anti-gang over-policing tactics at the scale of the neighbourhood. We show how HOLC-mediated and mapped redlining has sustained community disinvestment and stigmatisation wrought by unjust and racist social policy seen to this day in contemporary geographies of gang abatement in the form of mapped gang injunction ‘safety zones’. As we illustrate with the use of two case studies from Los Angeles – in South-Central LA and LA’s San Fernando Valley – it is overwhelmingly redlined neighbourhoods that have remained marginalised, becoming civilly enjoined ‘gang’ neighbourhoods faced with oppressive anti-gang policing tactics over the past few decades.
Analysis of different gene expression profiles of sex differentiationrelated genes between male and female pengze crucian carp(Carassius auratus var. pengze) under different culture modes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pengze crucian carp(Carassius auratus var. pengze, Pcc) is naturally gynogenic, and gynogenic Pcc produced by artificial breeding can theoretically produce solely female offspring. In laboratory culture, a higher proportion of male fish occurred in F1 progenies compared with pond culture conditions. A higher proportion of males was found in the F1 progeny under laboratory culture(43.6%) compared with pond(4.7%) conditions. To determine the cause of this variant sex ratio, ovarian gene expression profiles were detected and compared between the male and female F1 progenies for different culture conditions. Results showed that expressions of most testicular sex differentiation-related, steroid receptor, and steroidogenic genes in Pcc F1 offspring were significantly higher than those in ovaries under laboratory culture conditions, except for Pcc-vasa, Pcc-esr1, and Pcc-esr2 b. With respect to pond culture conditions, expressions of most testicular sex differentiation-related and steroid receptor genes in Pcc F1 offspring were significantly higher than those in ovaries, except for Pcc-amh, Pcc-dmrt1 b, Pcc-dmrt1 c, Pcc-foxl2, Pcc-vasa, and Pcc-esr2 b. Amounts of the steroidogenic genes had reversed expression patterns(malefemale). The gene expression profiles for steroidogenesis and transcriptional regulation of aromatase were different in the gonads of F1 progenies between laboratory and pond culture conditions. The variant sex ratio may be attributed to the differential gene expression of both steroidogenic enzymes and transcription factors of aromatase under different culture densities, which may be associated with the regulation and/or synthesis of endogenous steroid hormone levels and related to different sex ratios.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of New α-Gliadin Genes from Triticum monococcum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The α-gliadins were typically the most consumed storage proteins in human life,however,owing to the main toxic components they contained causing celiac disease(CD),the α-gliadins were also the most active proteins in triggering CD.So the objective of this study was to estimate the potential value in wheat quality breeding of the cloned α-gliadin sequences from the genomic DNA and to analyze the CD epitopes among them.One new α-gliadin gene with full-ORF(named as AA-6,GenBank accession No.JN831382) and three pseudogenes(named as AA-8,AA-9,AA-21,GenBank accession No.JN831383,JN831384 and JN831385,respectively) were cloned and sequenced.The three pseudogenes resulted from C to T base transitions,which leading to the alternative of a CAG codon for glutamine into a TAG stop codon at the position of 102 bp.Analysis on the deduced amino acid sequences of AA-6 revealed that AA-6 was characterized with the typical structure of α-gliadins,with the highest homology of 99%.Analysis on its CD epitops demonstrated that seven toxic peptides of the nine known epitops were present in AA-6 except for the absence of Glia-α2 and Glia-α in the A genome.Phylogenetic analysis among AA-6 and 86 genes from common wheat and its ancestral species showed that a clear cluster can be observed according to the origin of their genome.The homology of A genome and D genome was more close than that of B genome.
Quakers and Slavery: The Development of an Anti-Slavery Society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Quaker protests against slavery started as early as 1682, in Germantown, Pennsylvania, and continued on through their work with the Underground Railroad and numerous other anti-slavery movements. But in those days of Christianity supported slavery, why is this group known as being against slavery? History reveals that early Quakers were just as involved in slavery as others during that time. The questions then are: why are the Quakers remembered most for their contributions to abolition when they too had kept slaves? And, was their anti-slavery work so effective that it causes history to forget their early support of the practice? This study seeks to answer these questions, to make the case that Quakers were the first anti-slavery society, and to show that it was Quaker influence that directed America toward greater abolitionist efforts in the nineteenth century. In addition, this study is guided by these questions: Why were the Quakers against slavery, and what did they do to help bring it to an end?\nQuaker history will be examined in three major stages: the early days of supporting slavery, the middle years of changing that position, and the later period which linked the terms “Quaker” and “abolitionist” together, even to this day.
La(III) Transport in Dispersion Supported Liquid Membrane Including PC-88A as the Carrier and HCl Solution as the Stripping Solution

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The transport of La(III) through a dispersion supported liquid membrane with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane as the liquid membrane support and dispersion solution including HCl solution as the stripping solution and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC-88A) in kerosene as the membrane solution, was studied. As a result, the optimum transport conditions of La(III) were obtained as that concentration of HCl solution was 4.0 mol/L, concentration of PC-88A 0.16 mol/L, and volume ratio of membrane to stripping solution 30:30 in the dispersion phase, and pH value 4.0 in the feed phase. Ionic strength had no obvious effect on the transport of La(III). Under the optimum conditions, when initial concentration of La(III) was 0.8×10 −4 mol/L, the transport rate was up to 96.3% during the transport time of 125 min. The kinetic equation was developed based on the law of mass diffusion and theory of interface chemistry. The diffusion coefficient of La(III) in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed and membrane phases were obtained as 3.20×10 −7 m 2 /s and 3.22×10 −5 m, respectively. The calculated results were in good agreement with experimental results.
The Time Styles Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A review of developments and replications over 15 years Jean-Claude Usunier and Pierre Valette-Florence ABSTRACT. This article builds on previous research that has led to the development of a psychometric scale designed for capturing indi-vidual time orientations over a 15-year period. The time styles scale was initially developed in France. Cross-cultural replications of the scale were undertaken in several countries (Germany, Hong Kong, Tunisia, Vietnam), with particular emphasis on the influence of lan-guage on psychometric measurement. We demonstrate the nomolog-ical validity of the scale by reviewing research that has assessed its ability to predict values, individual activity planning, attitudes towards waiting time, as well as buying and consumption behaviour. KEY WORDS • consumer behaviour • psychometric scale • time ori-entations
Gully Erosion under Global Change

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Taking steps to pres erve the quality and quantity of glo bal soil re sources should require no jus tific ation. Our future a bility to fee d ourse lve s and to live in an unp olluted environment depe nds on our ability to understa nd and to reduce the rates at which our so ils are cur re ntly eroding. Over the last decades , most res ea rch on soil erosion by wa ter has conc entra ted on shee t ( interrill) and rill erosion proc ess es operating at the runoff p lot s ca le . Re latively few studie s have be en conducte d on gully e ros ion operating at larger spatial sc ale s. Rece nt s tudies indica te th at soil los ses by gully erosion are far from ne gligible in a range of environments a nd that gullies are important and effective links for transferring water and sediment from up lands to valley bottoms
and permanent channels . Consequently, there is a particular need for monitoring, experimental and modeling studies of gully erosion, as abasis for predicting the effects of global changes ( land use and climate changes ) on gully erosion rates as well as on the contr ibution of this soil degra dation proce ss to overall land degradation.
Design for resource-limited societies: Informational behaviour of designers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is a sharp contrast between High Resource Settings (HRSs), commonly seen in developedcountries and Low Resource Settings (LRSs), typically found in the marginalised sections of societiesaround the world. Product design for LRSs is crucial to satisfy unmet or under-served needs of thepeople living in LRSs. Supporting designers to develop successful products for LRSs demandsdeveloping an in-depth understanding of their design process, including their informational behaviour.In this research, using think aloud protocol analysis, we compared the designers’ informationalbehaviour in designing products for LRSs and HRSs, where HRSs is considered a baseline. The findingsindicate that designing products for LRSs is more information intensive, and that it influences theinformational activities of designers, thus indicating potential impact of a resource-setting on the waydesigners deal with information.
Battling for the Hearts and Minds of Latin Americans: Covariance of Attitudes toward the United States and China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the US preserves a dominant position in Latin America, China’s rise poses economic and political challenges and has set up a potential battle for the hearts and minds of the Latin American populace. To explore this theme, this article considers the level of support among Latin Americans toward China and the United States at the country and individual levels, the causes of variance thereof, and whether the views of China, the newcomer, covary with views about the region’s traditional power broker. We provide evidence that the views do not covary, either positively or negatively, largely because while attitudes toward the United States are structured by ideology and other factors, attitudes toward China are relatively unstructured. This lack of structure appears to be the result of China’s success in appealing to diverse sectors of Latin American society, which, in turn, should positively influence its future trajectory.
Help that hinders: Insidious processes maintaining gender inequality in the workplace

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present research investigated a novel approach to understanding the unintended negative consequences of Equal Opportunity Policies on women beneficiaries. Research has shown that specific forms of help may insidiously promote group inequalities, resulting in negative affective outcomes for the recipient. Subsequently, these intergroup helping processes were investigated in relation to the implementation of EOPs in how they might negatively influence women in the workplace. Across two studies we measured women‟s negative affect, organisational attitudes and turnover intentions in response to a hypothetical scenario depicting workplace EOPs. We further investigated women‟s responses to these policies, in the context of Genuine or Patronising Management Practices. Two community samples of women (N = 159; N = 107 respectively) with prior work experience completed an online survey depicting two scenarios. The first described an organisation‟s EOP which embodied characteristics of either Autonomy Oriented or Dependence Oriented help. The second vignette described an instance of management practices whereby women were exposed to either praise and a promotion (Genuine) or praise with no promotion (Patronising). Consistent with hypotheses, results found that women who read about the Dependence Oriented EOP reported significantly more negative affect and less desirable organisational outcomes than did women who read about the Autonomy Oriented EOP. Also consistent with predictions, women who read about an instance of Patronising Management Practices reported significantly more negative affect and less desirable organisational outcomes. Study 2 further found that women‟s negative outcomes were not better accounted for by a stigma of incompetence effect, as identified in prior research (Heilman, Block & Lucas, 1992). No consistent interactions were revealed, suggesting that these two factors operate independently of one another on women‟s workplace experiences. These findings hold important implications for the Australian workforce, particularly in increasing the effectiveness of EOPs in assisting women progress into upper management.
Incidence of spot blotch of wheat in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bipolaris sorokiniana was mainly responsible for causing spot blotch of wheat in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The disease appeared 5 to 8 weeks after wheat sowing and the symptoms advanced after heading stage and spreaded very fast. The dark brown necrotic spots (boat shaped) occured on the leaves, crowns and stems with or without yellow halo around these. Lesions on the leaves in the begging were few mm in size and extended as elongated dark brown spots and later on coalesced resulting into blight. In severe cases, at flowering stage 60 to 80 per cent leaf areas was turned into necrotic lesions. Intensity of spotting increased with the increase in the age of plants and reached maximum between boot to maturity stage of the crop. Minute spots were also observed on leaf sheaths, nodes, internodes and the glumes. Survey of five districts were conducted in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, clearly indicate that dominant pathogen responsible for causing spot blotch of wheat is Bipolaris sorokiniana because nearly eighty per cent of sample yielded Bipolaris sorokiniana in both the years. Maximum Bipolaris sorokiniana was recorded in Jaunpur 27&23 in the years of 2018-2019 respectively and minium B. sorokiniana was recorded in 9&6 in Faizabad districts in the years of 2019-2020 respectively.