jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Glucosylceramide and Glucosylsphingosine (Psychosine) in Cerebrum and Cerebellum in Infantile and Juvenile Gaucher Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Three major clinical variants of Gaucher disease have been defined: Type I, chronic nonneuronopathic; Type II, acute neuronopathic; and Type III, subacute neuronopathic. In a search for the underlying molecular basis of the neurological manifestations, the concentration and composition of cholesterol, phospholipids, neutral glycosphingolipids, and gangliosides were examined in cerebral and cerebellar cortices of five cases of Type II, eight cases of Type III, and one case of presumed Type I/III. In Type II the concentration of glucosylceramide was 140‐530 μmol/kg in cerebral cortex and 51‐450 μmol/kg in cerebellar cortex, the highest values found in the most fulminant cases. These concentrations were 20‐80 times greater than normal in cerebral cortex and 5‐40 times normal in cerebellar cortex. In Type III the concentration of glucosylceramide was 37‐65 and 59‐1750 μmol/kg in cerebral and cerebellar cortex, respectively. The highest concentrations were found in the cerebellum of patients who had survived splenectomy for several years. The ceramide composition of the accumulated glucosylceramide suggested that brain gangliosides were the major precursors of the glucosylceramide in brains of Type II but in cerebellar cortex in Type III was partly of extracerebral origin. The levels of lactosylceramide and oligohexaosylceramides were slightly raised in all brain specimens from the Gaucher cases. The ganglioside concentration was normal, whereas there was a certain increase in the proportion of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides. The brain glycosphingolipid changes in the Type I/III case were similar but slightly less than those in Type III cases of corresponding age. Glucosylsphingosine (psychosine), never detected in normal human brain, was demonstrated in brains from all the Gaucher cases. The psychosine concentration was highest in Type II cases, 3.8‐8.8 and 3.9‐12.3 μmol/kg in cerebral and cerebellar cortex, respectively, with the highest values found in the most fulminant cases. In Type III the psychosine concentration varied more widely, 0.8‐4.6 and 1.4‐6.3 μmol/kg in cerebral and cerebellar cortex, respectively. The lowest value, 0.7 μmol/kg, was found in the Type I/III case. Our method detected psychosine down to 0.01 μmol/kg, which means that the concentration of psychosine was increased at least 100‐ to 1000‐fold in Gaucher grey matter. We suggest that the accumulation of the cell‐toxic substance psychosine is the basis for the extensive neuronal cell loss in Gaucher disease, which is most striking in Type II disease.
MODELLING OF DUCTILE JOINTS IN HYBRID SYSTEMS MADE OF TIMBER AND STRUCTURAL GLASS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural glass combined with a timber frame is a composite system that has a predisposition for a good behaviour during an earthquake ; it is energy-efficient and cost-effective ; aesthetically acceptable and has good load -bearing characteristics. The main challenge is to develop, design and construct new structural system to be used as an independent prefabricated load-bearing structural component for construction in seismic areas.The aim of the research was to design composites with no negative influence of connecting means to the glass and so to develop the system which will dissipate energy. The answer is to be found in experimentally and numerically supported res earch work. The behaviour of the composite is crucial to the understan ding of the entire system so numerical simulations were used to evaluate the results of laboratory testing and to obtain more information on stresses and deformations within composites . In this paper numerical modelling of timber frame with glass infill will be presented.
A Case of Marfan Syndrome with Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm Involving Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marfan syndrome is an inheritable connective tissue disorder with protean clinical manifestations involving the ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular system. It is well estabalished that the major cause of morbidity in Marfan syndrome is the dilation of the aortic root as well as the associated aortic regurgitation and dissection. Aortic dissection usually begins just above the coronary ostia in the ascending aorta and extends the entire length of aorta. We report a rare case of Marfan syndrome with aortic dissection which begins distal to the left subclavian artery in the descending aorta.
Active proteinase inhibitors associated with human breast epithelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The major glycoproteins synthesized by human breast epithelial cells have been characterized [6,8]. The most consistently observed and prominent component in supernatants of organ cultures of breast surgical specimens and of MCF‐7 cells was gp 68 which has been immunologically identified as α‐1‐antichymotrypsin (Achy). In the present study we demonstrate that this glycoprotein can form an irreversible complex with chymotrypsin, which indicates that it is a functional inhibitor. The 14 C‐glucosamine‐labeled gp 68 forms a stable, 88,000‐dalton. enzyme‐inhibitor complex with chymotrypsin. The molecule is secreted continuously for 9 days into a chemically defined, serum‐free medium. In addition to the de novo synthesized inhibitor, another component is adsorbed from fetal bovine scrum and subsequently released into serum‐free medium. This component also forms an irreversible, 88,000‐dalton complex with enzyme. The observations establish that two types of inhibitors are associated with human breast epithelial cells, one actively synthesized and the other derived from serum. Both of these molecules may have significant roles in stabilizing cell surface components and in protecting extracellular matrices from untimely degradation.
Harvey Cushing: A Biography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Monitoring the Resistance of the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) to Four Acaricides in Different Citrus Orchards in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important spider mite pest in citrus producing areas. Owing to long-term acaricide exposure, resistance has evolved rapidly in recent years. To evaluate the extent of resistance, seven field mite populations sampled from various geographical locations in China during 2015–2018 were tested using the leaf-dip bioassay method to determine their susceptibilities to four acaricides. In comparison with the susceptible strain maintained in the laboratory, low or moderate levels of fenpropathrin resistance, while no resistance to abamectin or cyflumetofen, were found among populations sampled from Liangping, Wanzhou, Daying, and Anyue in Southwestern China during the test period. High levels (&gt;1,000-fold, with LC50 values that were greater than the recommended concentration) of resistance to fenpropathrin had evolved in field populations from Southern China, including Guilin, Nanning, and Yuxi, when compared with that of the susceptible strain. Populations from Guilin and Nanning also evolved high resistance levels to abamectin (1,088-fold and 1,401-fold) and cyflumetofen (2,112-fold and 9,093-fold). All the populations sampled in 2018 showed a moderate or high resistance to bifenazate. Generally, field populations of citrus red mites from Southwestern China were more sensitive to the tested acaricides than those of Southern China. The data provide a foundation for developing acaricide resistance management strategies in these regions.
Ozymandias, King of Kings: Postprocessual Radical Archaeology as Critique

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Re-Constructing Archaeology (1987a) and Social Theory and Archaeology (1987b), Michael Shanks and Christopher Tilley argue for an antiscience radical archaeology as critique. They use deconstructionist sceptical arguments to conclude that there is no objective past and that our representations of the past are only texts that we produce on the basis of our sociopolitical standpoints. In effect, they contend that there is no objective world, that the world itself is a text that human beings write. This is a form of subjective idealism. Their critique is a nihilistic attack on all objective knowledge.
Live streaming, intimate situations, and the circulation of same-sex affect: Monetizing affective encounters on Blued

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on interviews with 10 gay streamers and 30 viewers, this article analyzes a new feature of live streaming on Blued, a Chinese gay male dating app. Live streaming invites users to either perform themselves or watch others perform. Unlike western gay dating apps that monetize users’ hooking-up encounters, the business model behind Blued instead capitalizes on affective encounters among gay streamers and viewers. Through paid virtual gifts, which circulate as affective signs, live streaming fosters and intensifies viewers’ intimate attachment to gay streamers. The virtual intimacy produced by gay live streaming entails a significant economic dimension, and is therefore stigmatized. In consequence, gay streamers do not see streaming as sex-related work, and paying viewers do not portray gifts as consumption. In understating the economic and sexual underpinnings of affective encounters mediated by live streaming, gay streamers and viewers not only reinforce heteronormativity, but also produce homonormativity.
Problems of ESG-Reorganization of Russian Metallurgical Corporations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The development of environmental programs in modern conditions is characterized by the ESG transformation of the economy. In the EU, which is the most important importer of Russian steel products, a new carbon tax will be levied from 2025–2026, which will increase the costs of domestic producers by more than 20%. The peculiarity of the new tax is that it applies to the industry value chain, including suppliers and consumers of metal, which jeopardizes other sectors of the national economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems and risks generated by the transition of Russian ferrous metallurgy companies to ESG principles of management. The object of research is ESG transformation of the economy. The subject of the study is the problems and risks of the Russian ferrous metallurgy formed by the ESG transformation. General scientific methods were used, such as: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, modeling, generalization. It is established that the ESG transformation of the economy makes the restructuring of Russian metallurgical companies inevitable. At the same time, domestic companies lag behind Western ones in the development of technologies that lead to a zero carbon footprint. Inefficient work to reduce the carbon footprint leads to the payment of carbon tax on foreign markets, fines on the domestic market, prevents the receipt of “green” financing. Starting from 2026, the financial condition of metallurgical companies will rapidly deteriorate. The implementation of the Targeted (intensive) development scenario provided for by the “Strategy of Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation with low Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050” and the active support of the state will help to maintain the position in the markets.
Mars Sample Handling Protocol Workshop Series: Workshop 2a (Sterilization)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council provided a series of recommendations to NASA on planetary protection requirements for future Mars sample return missions. One of the Board's key findings suggested, although current evidence of the martian surface suggests that life as we know it would not tolerate the planet's harsh environment, there remain 'plausible scenarios for extant microbial life on Mars.' Based on this conclusion, all samples returned from Mars should be considered potentially hazardous until it has been demonstrated that they are not. In response to the National Research Council's findings and recommendations, NASA has undertaken a series of workshops to address issues regarding NASA's proposed sample return missions. Work was previously undertaken at the Mars Sample Handling and Protocol Workshop 1 (March 2000) to formulate recommendations on effective methods for life detection and/or biohazard testing on returned samples. The NASA Planetary Protection Officer convened the Mars Sample Sterilization Workshop, the third in the Mars Sample Handling Protocol Workshop Series, on November 28-30, 2000 at the Holiday Inn Rosslyn Westpark, Arlington, Virginia. Because of the short timeframe between this Workshop and the second Workshop in the Series, which was convened in October 2000 in Bethesda, Maryland, they were developed in parallel, so the Sterilization Workshop and its report have therefore been designated as '2a'). The focus of Workshop 2a was to make recommendations for effective sterilization procedures for all phases of Mars sample return missions, and to answer the question of whether we can sterilize samples in such a way that the geological characteristics of the samples are not significantly altered.
An Inconspicuous Brace That Will Correct Posture To Relieve Sciatica

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sciatica is a set of symptoms that arise when the sciatic nerve is compressed or inflamed which causes pain, numbness or tingling and muscle soreness and stiffness in the affected leg of the compressed sciatic nerve. It usually occurs in older adults between 25 and 50. Sciatica is mainly caused by a herniated lumbar disc, which can often be traced back to incorrect posture. People don’t always take note of the way they sit, and posture is commonly overlooked. And while braces and other interventions created to correct posture exist, they are extremely bulky and far too visible for comfort. Creating an inconspicuous product that will correct ones posture without the user having to make a conscious effort to do so will greatly help to relieve sciatica and help to solve the problem at the source as well as make their problem less obvious to others. An unobtrusive innovation would be the creation of a Tank-Brace, a slim, but firm back brace that is embedded into a tank top. The initial designs feature a back brace component lined with slim nylon webbing for support, spacer mesh for padding, and spandex for comfort and elasticity. The brace will be secured by conjoining elastic straps with thin velcro attachments on each end for adjustability. The user will be able to adjust and fasten the velcro straps under the tank top by way of slits on either side of the front of the tank top, similar to a front pocket on a hoodie. After designs are sketched and appropriate materials are gathered, the adjustable prototype will be created and tested on 6 different people of varying body types who have, or have experienced, sciatica. They will rank the Tank-Brace on a scale of 1-10, on the effectiveness of the brace. It is expected that comfort level and particularly efficacy level will reach a level of 9 or above, and that the brace will not be extremely obvious on the user.
Crystal Structure of TbNiD3.3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A TbNi-based deuteride has been prepared by hydriding TbNi at a temperature of 297 K and a deuterium pressure no higher than 0.25 MPa. The structure of TbNiD3.3 differs from that of the parent intermetallic compound, indicating that deuteration causes structural changes in the metallic sublattice. The deuteride has an orthorhombic structure (CrB type, sp. gr. Cmcm) in which the deuterium atoms occupy three positions, 4c, 8f, and 4b, with [Tb3Ni2], [Tb3Ni], and [Tb4Ni2] nearest neighbor environments, respectively.
Hospital Junior Staff

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sir,?The very real problems and grievances of junior hospital doctors were fully examined in An Appraisal of the Hos pital published by the B.M.A. in July {Supplement, 17 July, p. 70). The memorandum made far-reaching proposals about their pay, hours of work, residence charges and other expenses, residential accom modation, and study leave. Some of these proposals are about to be included in the profession's evidence to the Review Body, and others are under negouation with the Health Departments. The pay proposals in An Appraisal of the Hospital Service were made in terms of the rates prevailing in 1963-6, and it was clearly indicated (in para graph 4 of the memorandum) that higher figures would be proposed to the Review Body for the period 1966-9. The Joint Consultants Committee's evidence to the Review Body is almost ready for submission. Expert economic and statisti cal advice on the betterment factor has been obtained ?nd substantially higher figures than those mentioned in An Appraisal of the Hospital will be proposed to the Review Body. A substantially higher mini mum figure than ?1,000 will be proposed for house-officers. The B M.A. has an active and representa tive Hospital Junior Staffs Group, whose considered views on the terms and condiuons of service of junior hospital doctors were published in the B.M.J. (Supplement, 21 August, p. 119) Full attention to these views ha> been paid by the Joint Consultants Com mittee in preparing its evidence for the Review Body, and there is very little of substance berween the desires of the Hospital Junior Staffs Group and the evidence being prepared by the Joint Evidence Qmimittee.?We are, etc., T. Holmes Sellors, Chairman, Joint Consultants Committee.
Reducing Grip Uncertainty During Initial Prosthetic Hand Use Improves Eye-Hand Coordination and Lowers Mental Workload

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The reliance on vision to control a myoelectric prosthesis is cognitively burdensome and contributes to device abandonment. The feeling of uncertainty when gripping an object is thought to be the cause of this overreliance on vision in hand-related actions. We explored if experimentally reducing grip uncertainty alters the visuomotor control and mental workload experienced during initial prosthesis use. In a repeated measures design, twenty-one able-bodied participants took part in a pouring task across three conditions: (a) using their anatomical hand, (b) using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator, and (c) using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator with Velcro attached to reduce grip uncertainty. Performance, gaze behaviour (using mobile eye-tracking) and self-reported mental workload, was measured. Results showed that using a prosthesis (with or without Velcro) slowed task performance, impaired typical eye-hand coordination and increased mental workload compared to anatomic hand control. However, when using the prosthesis with Velcro, participants displayed better prosthesis control, more effective eye-hand coordination and reduced mental workload compared to when using the prosthesis without Velcro. These positive results indicate that reducing grip uncertainty could be a useful tool for encouraging more effective prosthesis control strategies in the early stages of prosthetic hand learning.
Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis was studied by ELISA. Two groups of patients were followed up, 57 of them in the acute phase and 10 during convalescence, the latter with a mean follow-up of 10.5 months. IgM class antibodies were detected starting on the 2nd day of symptoms and were observed in 100% of patients up to the 5th month, in 66.7% up to the 7th month and in 50% up to the 12th month after the onset of symptoms. IgG class antibodies were first detected on the 7th day of symptoms in 9.1% of patients, with maximum reactivity (87.5%) between the 2nd and 3rd month, and were not detected at all in one patient. IgA class antibodies were detected starting on the 5th day of symptoms in 7.7% of patients, and in all patients on the 15th day, persisting in 100% of cases up to the 9th follow-up month. During the 12th month, they were observed in 83.3% of patients. The results indicate that an anti IgA ELISA could be of great value in seroprevalence studies on human leptospirosis.
Executive-Legislative Relations in an Era of Accelerated Reform: Reshaping Government in Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Israel's democracy is in the midst of a dramatic and comprehensive restructuring, a so-called constitutional revolution. Because it lacks a written constitution, Israel turns to its parliament, the Knesset, as both the source and the target of most governmental reforms. As a result of these reforms, the 13th Knesset (1992-96) behaved very differently from its predecessors and changed the existing patterns of executive-legislative interaction. The reshaping of government in Israel presents an institutionally unique and developing political laboratory in which evolving executive-legislative relations can be analyzed while the composition and construction of the regime continues to unfold. This article has three primary aims. I first describe the reforms that were enacted toward the end of the 12th Knesset (1988-92) regarding the two branches of government. Then I analyze the evolving executive-legislative relations in the 13th Knesset. And third, I assess the significance of these changes for the stability and governability of Israeli democracy in general and the 14th Knesset in particular.