jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intracanalicular aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery revealed by multi-detector CT angiography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 62-year-old woman had sudden-onset headache and posterior neck pain, and a subarachnoid hemorrhage was revealed by unenhanced CT. Both multi-detector CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography were performed and revealed a small intracanalicular aneurysm of the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery. The patient underwent successful retrosigmoid craniectomy and trapping of the aneurysm. This case shows the ability of multi-detector CT angiography to indicate bony landmarks that can alter the surgical approach.
Covid-19 Pandemic - Catalyst for A New Class of Faculty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Institutions of Higher Education have refocused their instructional methods toward online or remote options. This is a result of environmental changes due to the Covid-19 virus and advances in technology. In the United States, this necessitated system of delivery calls for a modernized class of faculty. The traditional structure of faculty does not include a rank dedicated to online only instruction. A faculty rank of Online Professor seems to be warranted. This paper explores the effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on higher education. Followed by a review of the types of instruction offered, the faculty structure, a call for an additional online education-based faculty rank, to include logistics, and recommendations.
Phytoremidation by Sansevieria sp. through absorption of Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to determine the quality of Sansevieria plants in absorbing carbon monoxide (CO) and to determine the relationship of stomatal conditions to the quality of carbon monoxide (CO) absorption. The research was conducted in the form of a 2-factor factorial experiment using a Randomized Group Design as the environmental design. The experiment consisted of 2 factors, the first factor was the variety of Sansevieria plants consisting of three varieties, namely Sansevieria trifasciata, Sansevieria cylindrica and Sansevieria green hahnii, while the second factor was the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) consisting of two levels, namely: the concentration of carbon monoxide released at 300 ppm and the concentration of carbon monoxide released at 800 ppm. The results showed that there was no interaction between varieties of Sansevieria plants with carbon monoxide concentrations on the quality of carbon monoxide (CO) gas absorption. The results showed no interaction between the varieties of Sansevieria plants and carbon monoxide concentrations in terms of the quality of carbon monoxide (CO) gas absorption. Sansevieria plant varieties that are given a carbon monoxide concentration of 300 ppm give the best effect on the total percentage of carbon monoxide gas absorption, which is 89.50%.
General Conclusions: (In)Equalities and International Law: Between Old and New Forms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This concluding chapter offers a view of the multifaceted nature of the principle of equality in public and private international law, showing that such a multifaceted nature holds even truer if attention is paid to inequality. In this regard, the chapter shows that such a notion is apt to be declined in different ways, each depending on the reference framework and the perspective adopted. On this basis, this chapter attempts a categorization of three different expressions in which inequality might come out in the international legal order: inequality as a disvalue to be corrected; inequality as an institutionalized feature of and within international organizations and inequality as a constitutive and ineradicable element of the international legal order.
Enhanced mitogen-induced proliferation of rat splenocytes by low-dose whole-body X-irradiation.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

To elucidate the stimulative effect on the immune system, we studied the effect of acute low-dose whole-body X-irradiation on the mitogen-induced proliferative responses of rat splenocytes and thymocytes. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mitogen response of rat splenocytes 4 hours after 5 cGy irradiation was significantly higher (by 80%, p < 0.02) than that in sham-irradiated controls; whereas that of rat thymocytes did not show change after irradiation of 1-10 cGy. In the rats X-irradiated with doses greater than 25 cGy, Con A-induced mitogen responses of splenocytes and thymocytes were reduced. In a way similar to the Con A-induced mitogen response of splenocytes, the mitogen response of splenocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly increased by X-irradiation with 5 cGy (by 50%, p < 0.02). The enhancement of mitogen response of splenocytes was observed within a few hours after irradiation, being a temporary effect. After 5 cGy irradiation the level of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the supernatant fraction of the splenocyte suspension showed a significant increase (by 40%, p < 0.05).
Mycobiota of Pinus pinaster associated with Pine Wilt Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pine wilt disease (PWD), one of the most threatening diseases to coniferous forests worldwide, results from the complex interaction between the causal agent, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the insect-vector belonging to the genus Monochamus and the Pinus spp. tree host. In the later stages of PWD, PWN undertakes an obligatory mycetophagous phase, feeding on the fungi that colonize the declining trees. Limited studies available indicate that the fungi dominating dead pines, in particular blue-stain fungi assigned to the order Ophiostomatales, may mediate the development and the population of PWN carried by the insect vector. Our aim is to identify and characterise the culturable fungal community of Pinus pinaster putatively associated with the PWN lifecycle. A total of 109 fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic and asymptomatic P. pinaster collected in a PWD-affected area in Seia (northwest of Portugal) from which representative isolates of each putative species were characterized on the basis of morphology and selected molecular markers (e.g. internal transcribed spacer, ITS; partial b-tubulin gene, tub; and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, tef) for phylogenetic inference. Our preliminary data show that fungal communities of symptomatic P. pinaster are less biodiverse and dominated by Ophiostomatales in contrast with the communities of asymptomatic P. pinaster trees. Exploring the diversity of multispecies interactions in PWD provides valuable insights into the successful invasion and adaptation of PWN. This work was conducted as part of the national project PineEnemy: Exploring the NEmatode-MYcobiota interactions in Pine Wilt Disease (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028724) which focus on the characterisation of the structure and dynamics of the nematode-fungi interactions and to which extent can be targeted to disrupt the disease cycle.
Communicative Approach to Teaching a Foreign Language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is dedicated to the effectiveness of the introduction of various methods and techniques based on the content for the development of students' language skills in practice. Modern methodology requires foreign language teachers to implement all language skills in one lesson. The ability to speak, listen and understand authentic material in English, as well as reading and writing skills should be taught in an integrated form; once available, it can be a difficult process for the teacher and students. But with the help of various innovative, interactive methods, technologies, this task can be done. In addition, the creativity of students is very important for language learning.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemistry of Methylenephosphine: Determination of the Carbon‐Phosphorus Double‐Bond Strength.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The ionization potential and the appearance potential of CH 2 PH+ from ClCH 2 PH 2 are measured to be 10.3 ±0.2 and 11.0 ±0.2 eV, resp., by a mass spectrometer in conjunction with a high‐temp.
Pilot Study on Impact of Ventilatory Ratio, Ventilation Index and Oxygenation Index in Mortality in ARDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Serial monitoring of oxygenation in critically ill patients can help assess worsening of lung function in ARDS patients. Ventilatory Ratio, Ventilation Index and Oxygenation Index are useful parameters in predicting mortality in patients diagnosed to have ARDS and may be better than PaO2/FiO2 ratio and Murray Lung Injury Score in Predicting mortality. OBJECTIVES: To assess how ventilatory ratio, ventilation index and oxygenation index can predict in hospital mortality of patients admitted with ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients between 18 years and 75 years admitted to Medical and Surgical ICU between June and November 2023 with ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in were recruited. Ventilator parameters, like Mode of ventilation, FiO2, PEEP, Pplat, Driving Pressure, Respiratory rate, Tidal Volume, Minute ventilation and MAP along with ABG were recorded and Ventilatory ratio(V.R), Ventilation Index(V.I) and Oxygenation index(O.I) were calculated as below. Ventilation ratio (V.R) = (PaCo2 × Patients Minute Ventilation) ÷ (37.5 × 100 × Bodyweight). Ventilation Index (V.I) = (PaCO2 × peak airway pressure × respiratory rate)/1,000 Oxygenation index (OI) = (MAP × FiO2 × 100) ÷ PaO2. Ventilator days, total days of ICU stay and outcome were recorded. Mean and standard deviation were recorded separately between the survivors and non survivors and analysed. RESULTS: 19 patients were recruited of which 10 were females and 9 males. Community acquired pneumonia was the commonest etiology. 18 of them got intubated on the day of ICU admission itself. There were 4 cases of mild, 7 moderate and 8 severe ARDS. 12 patients were discharged from the ICU and 7 were non survivors. The mean ICU stay among survivors was 10.9 days whereas it was 8.71 among non survivors. Mean Day 1 parameters among the survivors were recorded as oxygenation index(OI) =10.27 ±5.77, Ventilation ratio(VR) =1.66 ±0.69 and Ventilation Index (VI)= 25.91±9.13 whereas among non survivors, it was OI= 16.59 ±17.55, VR=2.22 ±0.71, and VI=36.9 ±21.98. The day 3 parameters among survivors were OI=8.87 ±6.46, VR=1.52 ±0.50, and VI=24.07 ±7.57 whereas among non survivors OI=14.84 ±4.58, VR=1.94 ±0.59 and VI=31.57 ±12.28. DISCUSSIONS: In our study, the Oxygenation index, Ventilation Ratio and Ventilation Index were significantly higher among the non survivors. Rsovac et al showed that a higher 3rd day Oxygenation Index was associated with a higher risk of mortality. Monteiro et al showed that patients with VR > 2 (median) at day 1 had a significantly lower 90-day survival compared to patients with VR ≤ 2; similar to our study. With such significant results in this pilot study, a larger sample sized study would help us delineate cutoffs of Oxygenation Index, Ventilatory Ratio and Ventilation Index above which higher risk of mortality could be predicted.
Possibility and Form in Max Frisch's Biography: A Game

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

MAX FRISCH'S MOST RECENT PLAY, Biography: A Game (1967), has puzzled critics because it seems to contradict the dramaturgy according to which it was written. Frisch indicated the principles of his new dramaturgy, "Variation Theatre" or "Theatre of Possibility," as early as his Schiller Prize speech (1965) and established these principles clearly in his correspondence with Walter Hollerer (1969). The principles are I) that contemporary drama should reflect the contemporary consciousness of the open possibilities, or open-endedness, of existence; 2) that "Theatre of Imitation" - theatre that pretends to copy "reality," presenting a predigested interpretation of reality with an underlying persuasiveness that the events presented could have happened in no other way - falsifies experience and is inauthentic theatre; and 3) that what is needed is a theatre not of fate (peripetie), but of possibility. Frisch sought in Biography to present a drama based on this dramaturgy, a drama that would be like a rehearsal in that it presented no final form for the actions considered, but a series of variations of action, of variant possibilities all equally plausible.
Integrating Risk Preferences into Game Analysis of Price-Making Retailers in Power Market

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the restructured electricity market, retailers are intermediaries between the electricity wholesale market and consumers. Considering the uncertainty of wholesale market price, retailers should consider the risks of their profit caused by the uncertain wholesale price when participating in the retail competition. Indeed, retailers’ risk preferences will impact their price bidding strategies. To examine the effects of retailers’ risk preferences on their strategies and equilibrium outcomes in the retail market, an equilibrium model for price-making retailers is proposed by employing the mean–variance utility theory to model the risk preferences of retailers. The market share function is used to characterize consumers’ price-elasticity and switching behavior in the retail market. Few works in the literature address the issue of bidding strategies of retailers with different risk preferences in the electricity market with switchable consumers. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium are theoretically proved. A theoretical analysis is presented to investigate the impacts of wholesale price uncertainty and retailer’s risk preference on the bidding strategy. By adopting the nonlinear complementarity approach, the proposed game model is transformed into a set of nonlinear equations, which is further solved by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Finally, examples are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed theory, and the results show that the bidding price of a retailer will increase with the increasing uncertainty of the wholesale price and the increasing risk-averse levels of itself and its rivals.
Materials Data on ZnCrCu3Se4 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

CrCu3ZnSe4 crystallizes in the cubic P-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cr3+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CrSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZnSe4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent CuSe4 tetrahedra. All Cr–Se bond lengths are 2.44 Å. Cu1+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CuSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZnSe4 tetrahedra, corners with eight equivalent CuSe4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CrSe4 tetrahedra. All Cu–Se bond lengths are 2.46 Å. Zn2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form ZnSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CrSe4 tetrahedra and corners with twelve equivalent CuSe4 tetrahedra. All Zn–Se bond lengths are 2.50 Å. Se2- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to one Cr3+, three equivalent Cu1+, and one Zn2+ atom.
Osmotic stress decreases complexity underlying the electrophysiological dynamic in soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies on plant electrophysiology are mostly focused on specific traits of single cells. Inspired by the complexity of the signalling network in plants, and by analogy with neurons in human brains, we sought evidence of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signalling and a likely relationship with environmental cues. An EEG ‐like standard protocol was adopted for high‐resolution measurements of the electrical signal in Glycine max seedlings. The signals were continuously recorded in the same plants before and after osmotic stimuli with a −2 MPa mannitol solution. Non‐linear time series analyses methods were used as follows: auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation function, power spectra density function, and complexity of the time series estimated as Approximate Entropy (ApEn). Using Approximate Entropy analysis we found that the level of temporal complexity of the electrical signals was affected by the environmental conditions, decreasing when the plant was subjected to a low osmotic potential. Electrical spikes observed only after stimuli followed a power law distribution, which is indicative of scale invariance. Our results suggest that changes in complexity of the electrical signals could be associated with water stress conditions in plants. We hypothesised that the power law distribution of the spikes could be explained by a self‐organised critical state ( SOC ) after osmotic stress.
Solanum alkaloids as inhibitors of enzymatic conversion of dihydrolanosterol into cholesterol.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of several solanum steroidal alkaloids on cholesterol biosynthesis from 24, 25- dihydrolanosterol by 10000 × g supernatant fluid of rat liver were examined. Solacongestidine (I), solafloridine (II) and solasodine (III) (40 μM each) exhibited considerable inhibitory effects (59, 51, 37% inhibition, respectively) on the synthesis of cholesterol from [24, 25-3H] -24, 25-dihydrolanosterol (18 μM). The biological importance of the inhibitory properties of the steroidal alkaloids is discussed.
Aasenîkon! : Makushi travelogues from the borderlands of Southern Guyana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This ethnographic account focuses on the conceptions and practices of movement, as narrated by the Makushi people who live along the triple frontier of southern Guyana. The journeys - individual experiences, in particular of women – depict visits to other Makushi communities, to their neighbours and cities in Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela. The travelogues disclose Makushi premises on knowledge and its acquisition: gender, age, temporality and alterity. Exploring these concepts in practice, the ethnography points out the value the Makushi attribute to their encounters with others, situations in which risk and unpredictability are creatively incorporated as part of their sociality.
Energy consumption evaluation of H.264 and HEVC video encoders in high-resolution live streaming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Green computing and energy efficiency has become an important issue in today's rapidly growing multimedia transmission. Meanwhile users want high-quality content to be viewed anywhere, content producers must think alternatives for cutting expenses in the server. Usually multiple sub-streams from the original video feed are needed for clients with unique device characteristics, which can notably load the video encoding server leading also to increased energy consumption. Furthermore, social sharing applications using live video streaming can consume battery notably, which also drives developing energy-efficient video coding solutions. Therefore, it is essential to find ways for optimizing and selecting the proper tools for energy-efficient content production already in the server. In this paper, we evaluate the energy and power consumption for the existing top-rated open source video encoders in proportion to video quality and bit rate. The selected video coding formats include current dominant H.264 Advanced Video Coding (H.264/AVC), latest standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and Google's royalty free VP9. The results show that the selected H.264 encoder (x264) has the lowest energy consumption, but the worst compression efficiency. On the contrast, x265 for HEVC has the best compression efficiency, but suffers from increased energy consumption. For our experiments, VP9 provides the best trade-off between compression efficiency and energy consumption.
Learning Retardation and Enhanced Ethanol Preference Produced by Postnatal Pretreatments with Ethanol in Adult Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Male neonates of Wistar strain rats were given 0.63-2.50 g/kg/day of ethanol, i.p., for 7 successive days from day 6 to 12 after birth. The acquisition processes of the discriminated lever-press avoidance response (intertrial interval: 25 sec, warning stimuli presentation: 5 sec, foot shock intensity: 110V, 0.5 mA, 50 Hz, AC) were investigated for 20 separate sessions from day 60 after birth. The preference test for ethanol was done beginning at 120 days of age. No significant differences in body weights were detected between saline- and ethanol-pretreated groups. However, learning retardation was observed in all groups pretreated with ethanol. In these groups, slow responses to warning stimuli followed by escape responses from shocks delivered were often observed in early training sessions. An enhanced preference for ethanol was observed in all groups pretreated with ethanol for 7 successive days at maturity. These results suggest the possibility that learning ability and preference for ethanol in adult rats are strongly influenced by pretreatments with ethanol during the early postnatal period.
Improving Power System State Estimation Based on Matrix-Level Cleaning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power system state estimation is heavily subjected to measurement error, which comes from the noise of measuring instruments, communication noise, and some unclear randomness. Traditional weighted least square (WLS), as the most universal state estimation method, attempts to minimize the residual between measurements and the estimation of measured variables, but it is unable to handle the measurement error. To solve this problem, based on random matrix theory, this paper proposes a data-driven approach to clean measurement error in matrix-level. Our method significantly reduces the negative effect of measurement error, and conducts a two-stage state estimation scheme combined with WLS. In this method, a Hermitian matrix is constructed to establish an invertible relationship between the eigenvalues of measurements and their covariance matrix. Random matrix tools, combined with an optimization scheme, are used to clean measurement error by shrinking the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. With great robustness and generality, our approach is particularly suitable for large interconnected power grids. Our method has been numerically evaluated using different testing systems, multiple models of measured noise and matrix size ratios.
What Is Enactment What Is Dissociation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current discussion offers an alternative to the dissociative self-state model of enactment and dissociation, emphasizing implicit memory processes in bodily comportment and style of relating with others. By embedding the occurrence of enactments within the ongoing flow of nonlinear dyadic process, the focus shifts to the subtle back-and-forth between patient and analyst that leads to the emergence of new relational (i.e., procedural) skills within a therapeutic relationship that is self-organizing at more inclusive levels. Enactment is thus seen as an emergent property of the dyad.
Liberal-Democratic Theory, Education, and the State

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The disciplinary fields of political science and political philosophy deeply intertwine with educational theory, research, and practice. At least since Plato's Republic, these fields have offered many theoretical frameworks for analyzing what quality education entails. In the reviews that follow we examine recent scholarship on liberaldemocratic theory and liberalism in particular and how these perspectives facilitate new ways of thinking about education. In Citizenship andEducation in LiberalDemocratic Societies: Teaching for Cosmopolitan Values and Collective Identities (Citizenship and Education), editors Kevin McDonough and Walter Feinberg, together with their contributors, tackle the thorny dilemma facing public schools with rapidly changing student populations. This dilemma consists of the tension between