jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of New Material for Deterging Heat Exchanger Tube

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work represents new material can be used in cleaning process of heat exchanger tubes. Rubber projectiles are back bone of on line cleaning mechanism but it has poor mechanical and thermal features. Three materials have different properties with micro scale powder solid phase (aluminum, aluminum oxide and copper) had been added to (LSR) with different volume ratios (2%, 5%, 10%, 15%). specimens had been prepared with certain method and under specific conditions. Compression test was applied to identify stiffness factor of these new composite materials. Wear test was applied to finite the wear rare coefficient for these materials. Un certainty statistics was applied for measurements results so It's founded that with increasing volume ratio each of stiffness factor and wear rate coefficient increase linearity up to (15%) for all specimens. copper filler give best for stiffness that stiffness factor reaches about (30 (N/(mm/mm))) at volume ratio 15%) but poorest wear resistance with wear rate coefficient (9*10-6) Mpa-1 inversely aluminum filler gives best results in wear resistance with wear rate coefficient (6*10-6) Mpa-1 but weakest in stiffness test with stiffness factor (28 N/(mm/mm) at volume ratio 15%). Aluminum oxide was the best choice for new projectile material as it combines between good stiffness and wear resistance.
St Benedict’s Priory, Saint-Malo, 1611–1669

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Over the last few years, the 400th anniversaries of the foundations of three of the earliest monasteries of the revived English Benedictine Congregation have been celebrated: St Gregory’s, Douai (1606), St Laurence’s, Dieulouard (1608) and St Edmund’s, Paris (1615). There have been no similar celebrations for the one monastery which did not survive, that of St Benedict in Saint-Malo, which was founded in 1611 and ended its days as an English Benedictine monastery in 1669, when it was handed over to the French Congregation of Saint-Maur. This article is a delayed attempt to record briefly the story of the priory of St Benedict in Saint-Malo.
SUPERVISORY TRUST TO BE EARNED – THE ROLE OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP MEDIATED BY PERSON-ORGANISATIONAL FIT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background: The trust relationship between employees and their supervisors (called Supervisory trust) has a definite impact on employee behaviour and attitudes.Furthermore, various studies found that Ethical leadership impacts on Supervisory trust, but in different contexts, and often with homogeneous or limited samples.The interactionist construct of Person-organisational fit (P-O fit), consisting of a combination of Supplementary fit (indirect fit or value congruence) and Complementary fit (direct or person-job fit, as well as needs-supply fit) may, however, impact on the relationship between ethical leadership and supervisory trust.The unique permutations of these relationships are important not only for conceptualisation purposes, but also for intervention design to enhance the employees' trust in their supervisors; this would contribute to positive employee behaviour and attitudes.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between Ethical leadership and Supervisory trust, with possible mediation by P-O fit.Setting: The research was conducted with ±60 employees from each of 17 private sector and four public sector organisations in South Africa.Method: This study utilised a positivist methodology based on an empirical approach, while using a cross-sectional design and quantitative analysis.The sample is relatively representative (in terms of race, gender and the South African work force), as it consisted of 60 employees from each of the 21 South African organisations that participated in the study, with 1 260 respondents in total.Results: Significant, positive relationships were found between Ethical leadership, P-O fit and Supervisory trust.Additionally, it was found that P-O fit partially mediates the relationship between Ethical leadership and Supervisory trust, confirming the proposed model. Conclusion: A strong, positive relationship exists between Ethical leadership (consisting of Morality and fairness, Role clarification leadership and Power sharing leadership) and Supervisory trust, which is partially mediated by P-O fit (consisting of Supplementary fit and Complementary fit).
Development of stem cell based-gene therapy for immune deficiencies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent clinical trials using patient’s own corrected hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), such as for primary immunodeficiencies (ADA-SCID, X-SCID, CGD, WAS), have yielded promising results in the clinic; endorsing gene therapy to become standard therapy for a number of diseases. However, the journey to achieve such a successful therapy is not easy and several challenges occur along the way. In my presentation, I will address diverse challenges in the development of gene therapy for immune deficiencies using our own experience with RAG1-SCID as example. We will discuss product development (targeting of the therapeutic cells and choice of a suitable vector and delivery method), the proof-of-concept (in vitro and in vivo efficacy, toxicology, and safety) and the final release steps to the clinic (scaling up, GMP procedures/protocols and regulatory hurdles).
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter summarises the development of the application of EC/EU antitrust law to sport over a 40-year period (1982–2022) to show the degree of maturation which it has reached so far. In 2022–2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union will decide three high-level sports cases (International Skating Union, European Superleague and Royal Antwerp FC) which are likely to provide important guidance in this area, with implications for sports governance.
Quinoline-benzofuran and quinoline-benzothiophene derivatives as antiplasmodium agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two series of coupled heterocyclic systems have been synthesised and found to be efficacious against the NF54 chloroquine sensitive strain of P. falciparum in an in vitro assay. Quinolines were coupled with benzofurans in the first series and benzothiophenes in the second series. Compounds with an amide linkage are more efficacious by one order of magnitude than the ester equivalent. No other clear pattern was discernible. Compounds were also tested for toxicity using an MTT assay. All compounds tested showed selectivity towards P. falciparum. Barring one, all compounds tested showed greater efficacy than chloroquine against β-hematin inhibition. But no correlation was observed between β-hematin inhibition and efficacy against P. falciparum.
Generalized Exchange and Intergenerational Transfers in Taiwanese and Filipino Families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined resource transfers between older parents and adult children in the Philippines and Taiwan. Data were obtained from the 1989 Taiwan Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly and the 1984 Association of Southeast Asian National Survey of the Elderly in the Philippines. Both countries have low levels of social insurance coverage of the elderly. Both countries share a common practice of transfers between multiple family members. The structure of kin networks defines the opportunities for exchange within families. Persistent economic need is strongly related to the occurrence of generalized exchange. Generalized exchange should be more common among those with less access to nonfamilial sources of support or who live in areas lacking social welfare resources. Transfers refer to services time money or material goods. Findings indicate that most older parents were involved in some form of exchange with their children. Over 75% of the elderly were supported by their children. About 10% in Taiwan and about 40% in the Philippines were giving to and receiving from children. 51% in the Philippines and 20% in Taiwan were giving money to and receiving money from one child. Logistic models reveal that family structure affected exchange behavior differently in the countries. Living with an unmarried child more than doubled the likelihood of generalized exchange in the Philippines and quadrupled it in Taiwan. Pension receipt increased the likelihood of being involved in generalized exchange. Kin network characteristics and non-family resources were strong determinants of multiple transfers between the elderly and children.
Research article THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN SPONGE IRON INDUSTRY POLLUTED SOIL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Present study assessed the effect of heavy metals on soil enzyme activities like amylase, invertase, dehydrogenase and urease of open shrub lands present at 1 km, 1.5 km, 2 km and 2.5 km distance away from Bhushan sponge iron industry, in Rengali block of Sambalpur district, Odisha. The heavy metals studied were Cd, Ni, and Cr, whose concentrations in the above sites were much more than the safety limits prescribed by WHO/FAO (2007). Highest amount of heavy metals were recorded in the site nearest to the plant i.e.1km away from the plant. Soil enzymes secreted by microorganisms, animals and plant roots below the soil play an important role in the biochemical functioning of soil like organic matter formation and degradation, nutrient cycling and energy transformation by catalyzing numerous chemical, physical and biological reactions. The site containing lowest heavy metals (5.6mg/Kg, 413.0mg/Kg, and 1006.3mg/kg of Cd, Ni, and Cr respectively) showed highest enzyme activities with respect to other experimental sites. A negative correlation was observed between heavy metal concentrations and soil enzyme activities. Further, the study indicated higher soil enzyme activities in the post-monsoon period in comparison to pre-monsoon period. When compared to the enzyme activities in the soil of open shrub lands present at the bottom of Dehari hill in Jyoti Vihar of Burla town, 32 km away from the present study site (control site), the enzyme activity of the present study was very low. The percentage inhibition of different enzyme activities in experimental sites with respect to control site were 91% and 80% for amylase, 93% and 91% for invertase, 97% and 96% for cellulase, 90% and 85% for dehydrogenase , 90% and 79.5% for urease activity in premonsoon and postmonsoon period respectively. The results indicate that the heavy metals in such high concentrations inhibit the activity of enzyme secreting flora and fauna in soil, as excessive amounts of heavy metals disrupt the homeostasis of soil by interfering with the control mechanisms at genetic level. Thus, the decline in soil enzyme activity reflects the soil degradation potential of the heavy metals released from sponge iron industry. Therefore, it is highly essential to take immediate remediation
An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) photoionization spectroscopy coupled with time of flight MS (TOF-MS), are described in this review. The recent advances in analytical techniques help not only in determining the gas phase activity of the flame-retardants but also identify possible reactive species responsible for gas phase flame inhibition. The complete understanding of the decomposition pathways and the flame retardant activity of a flame retardant system is essential for the development of new eco-friendly-tailored flame retardant molecules with high flame retardant efficiency.
In Vivo Evidence for the Contribution of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (Hla)-Dq Molecules to the Development of Diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302 is the human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene most commonly associated with human type 1 diabetes, direct in vivo experimental evidence for its diabetogenic role is lacking. Therefore, we generated C57BL/6 transgenic mice that bear this molecule and do not express mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (DQ8+/mII−). They did not develop insulitis or spontaneous diabetes. However, when DQ8+/mII− mice were bred with C57BL/6 mice expressing costimulatory molecule B7-1 on β cells (which normally do not develop diabetes), 81% of the DQ8+/mII−/B7-1+ mice developed spontaneous diabetes. The diabetes was accompanied by severe insulitis composed of both T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells. T cells from the diabetic mice secreted large amounts of interferon γ, but not interleukin 4, in response to DQ8+ islets and the putative islet autoantigens, insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Diabetes could also be adoptively transferred to irradiated nondiabetic DQ8+/mII−/B7-1+ mice. In striking contrast, none of the transgenic mice in which the diabetes protective allele (DQA1*0103/DQB1*0601, DQ6 for short) was substituted for mouse MHC class II molecules but remained for the expression of B7-1 on pancreatic β cells (DQ6+/mII−/B7-1+) developed diabetes. Only 7% of DQ−/mII−/B7-1+ mice developed diabetes at an older age, and none of the DQ−/mII+/B7-1+ mice or DQ8+/mII+/B7-1+ mice developed diabetes. In conclusion, substitution of HLA-DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302, but not HLA-DQA1*0103/DQB1*0601, for murine MHC class II provokes autoimmune diabetes in non–diabetes-prone rat insulin promoter (RIP).B7-1 C57BL/6 mice. Our data provide direct in vivo evidence for the diabetogenic effect of this human MHC class II molecule and a unique “humanized” animal model of spontaneous diabetes.
Human in vitro immune reactions to animal filariids.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Infective third stage larvae of animal filariids Brugia pahangi and Breinlia booliati incubated in vitro in the presence of normal human peripheral leucocytes and sera from human filariasis subjects resulted in decrease in motility, cell adherence, and formation of precipitates around the larvae. Strongest immune reactions were seen with sera from amicrofilaraemic symptomatic subjects, normal exposed individuals, and patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome (TPE). Weaker reactions were observed with sera from patients with elephantiasis. In all cases, reactivity to B. pahangi larvae was considerably higher than against B. booliati. Sera from microfilaraemic patients and unexposed control subjects were nonreactive. The implication of these human in vitro immune reactions against filarial parasites of animal origin is discussed in the context of the hypothesis of "zooprophylaxis" previously suggested by other workers.
V.—The Age of the ‘Old or Grey Granite’ of the Transvall and Orange River Colony

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It may be taken for granted that everybody agrees with Dr. Molengraaff when, in discussing Dr. Hatch's paper on “The Oldest Sedimentary Rocks of the Transvaal,” he says: “There must exist, or have existed, a formation older than the Witwatersrand Beds, because even at the very base of the Hospital Hill series conglomerates are known, the pebbles of which cannot obviously have been derived from the Hospital Hill series by denudation.” It has, therefore, I take it, not been the intention of various authors to prove this self-evident truth, but only to try and definitely settle the still open question whether this older rock is yet represented in the geological sequence of the country, and, if so, what strata should be identified as such. The relative age of the ‘old granite’ or ‘grey granite’ has been the base and the cornerstone of controversy on this subject, and it therefore becomes imperative to put on record and to continually keep in mind the only reliable mode of determination of the age of eruptive rocks which we yet possess. It would be out of place here to insist upon the origin of abyssal eruptive rocks of the granite family (Rosenbusch's Tiefengesteine).
Molecular docking, molecular dynamics and binding free energy based identification of novel potential multitarget inhibitors of Nipah virus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nipah virus (NiV) is one of the most common viral diseases affecting the brain and nervous system of the body. To date, there is no significant antiviral drug specifically designed to inhibit NiV. In the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in interest in multitarget drug development. Therefore, the reported work focuses on designing a multitarget inhibitor for NiV. Among the twelve designed compounds, five exhibited better drug-likeness and ADMET properties, hence being selected for further analysis. In a molecular docking study, these compounds possessed better binding affinity as compared to Favipiravir. The RMSD of these compounds was ≤2Å and the number of H-bonds signified the better stability of the complexes formed. The ΔGbind of C4, C6 and C7 was found to be comparatively higher than the other screened compounds, revealing their greater ability to bind efficiently with NiV-G, NiV-F and NiV-N receptors, respectively. Therefore, based on molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and MM/PBSA analysis, these compounds can act as potential inhibitors of multitargets of NiV.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Frontispiece: Extracellular Matrix Proteins Involved in Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most intensively studied neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) in brain plays an important role in etiology of AD. Varied levels of ECM proteins have been detected in the brains of AD patients and animal models. Some ECM components, for example, collagen VI and laminin, are shown to interacted with amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, involved in the aggregation of those peptides. Read more about this in the Minireview by F. Ye, K. Liu et al. on page 12101 ff.
Gastrointestinal Tract Involvement in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Digestive tract involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis is exceedingly rare. We report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an otherwise thriving neonate presenting with hematochezia, anemia, and rash. We also review the few cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with gastrointestinal involvement reported in the English-language medical literature. Although gastrointestinal involvement can range in severity from mild to life-threatening, its presence may be indicative of multisystemic disease, and aggressive treatment should be considered.
Expressing Emotions in Words: Facebook Text-based Comments in Tamil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language being used as a communication tool is embedded with emotions. Emotions in language are obvious in face-to-face (F2F) communication than in any other forms of communications. Media Richness Theory explains that the richer the media is the more successful communication will be and vice versa (Moczynski, 2010). This means text-based communication such as letters, e-mails, memo and so forth lacking of non-verbal cues like intonations, facial expressions, body movements and others, will not be as successful as F2F communication. On the other hand, there are also studies which have proven that computer mediated communication can convey non-verbal cues as effective as in F2F communication by manipulating the fonts with capitalization or using coloured fonts to express emotions (Mali, 2007; Boonthanom, 2004). Nevertheless, how is it possible to communicate non-verbal informations in a language like Tamil which does not have capital letters or colour code? The aim of this study is to identify the techniques used by Tamils in conveying emotions through words in facebook. This paper further discusses the frequent and helpful techniques used in Tamil communication. Samples chosen for this study were forty active facebook users who have good language competency in Tamil.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Patients with Choledocholithiasis: A pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and study aim. Endoscopicultrasound (EUS) is a diagnostic modality that continuesto expand its clinical applications. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the diagnostic role of EUS in commonbile duct stones. Patients and methods: This study wascarried on 29 patients with suspected CBD stones fromthem only 15 patients were diagnosed as Common BileDuct stone(s). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is considered as gold standard fordiagnosis of CBD stones and compare EUS findingswith that of ERCP. Results: The diagnostic performanceof EUS shows that the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPVand accuracy of 100%, 92.8%, 93.7%, 100% and 96.5%respectively. It can catch 15 true positive cases withonly one false positive case and 13 of 14 true negativecases. EUS is considered as a minimally invasivemethod with low incidence of complications, allowingexact determination of the site and size of stones. SoEUS aid in better planning for CBD stone removal.Conclusion: EUS is considered as a minimally invasivemethod with low incidence of complications, allowingexact determination of the site and size of stones withgood diagnostic performance.
A Context-Guided Attention Method for Integrating Features of Histopathological Patches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Lots of researchers have studied for classifying histopathological whole slide images (WSIs). Since a WSI is too large to be processed directly, researchers usually cut it into many small-sized patches and then integrate the discriminative features extracted from the patches to obtain a slide-level feature of the WSI. The integration strategy generating the slide-level features is crucial for the WSI classification model. Lots of attention-based methods have been proposed for such purpose. However, most attention-based methods do not take the patches relationship into consideration, which affects the classification performance of the models. In this work, we propose a novel Context-Guided attention (CGattention) method to integrate the patch-level features, which constructs a context vector to simulate the global context information of the whole WSI and implicitly characterizes the relationship between patches in the WSI. When evaluated on two publicly available datasets, the CGattention based model obtained the better performance than other attention-based models.
NEUTRAL PION PHOTOPRODUCTION AND PROTON COMPTON SCATTERING AT LARGE ANGLES

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

THE RECOIL PROTON WAS DETECTED IN COINCIDENCE WITH A PHOTON. COMPTON SCAT TERING AND PI0 PRODUCTION WERE DISTINQUISHED BY THE COPLANARITY CONDITION. PERFORMED AT THE WILSON SYNCHROTRON, CORNELL.