jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolated and combined effects of photobiomodulation therapy, topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical activity in the treatment of osteoarthritis induced by papain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease and is characterized as a degenerative process. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), physical activity, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) applied alone and/or in combination between them in an experimental model of knee OA. OA was induced by injection of papain in the knees of rats. After 21 days, the animals started to be treated with the above treatment. Histological analysis shows that the experimental model of OA induction causes morphological changes consistent with the disease, and among treatments, the PBMT is the most effective for reducing these changes. Moreover, the results demonstrate that PBMT and NSAID reduce the total number of cells in the inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.05) and PBMT was the most effective for reducing the activity of myeloperoxidase (p<0.05). Finally, we observed that both NSAID and PBMT were effective for reducing the gene expression of MMP-3 (p<0.05), but in relation to the gene expression of MMP-13, PBMT was the most effective treatment (p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that PBMT is the most effective therapy in stopping disease progression, and improving inflammatory conditions observed in OA.
Potential use of GFP microbial biosensors for the detection of mixing imperfections and cell viability in bioreactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of microbial stress response in intensive cultivation conditions remains misunderstood. In this work, two green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptional reporters have been used as biosensors of the heterogeneities generated in a two-compartment scale-down reactor. The stress promoters have been chosen for their responsiveness to carbon limitation corresponding to the global substrate profiles encountered in intensive fed-batch cultures. From our results, it can be concluded that the exposure of microbial cells to substrates heterogeneities tends to decrease the GFP expression level in fed-batch mode. Fluorescence intensities have been monitored at the single cell level by using flow cytometry. During the course of the fed-batch culture, a drop at the level of the intracellular GFP content has been observed for the two scale-down operating conditions and for the two promoters sensitive to substrate limitation (rpoS and csiE). The fluorescence drop can be attributed to the repression of these promoters but also to the release of GFP to the extracellular medium according to the increase of the fluorescence level of the supernatant. This leakage has been observed for all the operating conditions, i.e. the scale-down reactors and the culture operating in the normal mode. Interestingly, GFP leakage is more pronounced in the case of the cultures operated in the normal mode. Indeed, staining by propidium iodide (PI) tends to be more elevated for the microbial cells cultured under the normal mode by comparison with those cultured in scale-down conditions, indicating a higher permeability of the membrane. These results are in accordance with previously published ones (Hewitt and co-workers) suggesting that microbial cells cultivated in heterogeneous bioreactors (scale-down and large-scale bioreactors) exhibits a higher viability level. These results suggest that GFP microbial biosensors could be used to detect simultaneously mixing imperfections and their impact on the viability of microorganisms.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG RESPONSIVE FEEDING DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA USIA 12-36 BULAN DI PUJOTIRTO KABUPATEN KEBUMEN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Multiple nutritional problems include undernutrition and over nutrition at the age of five. Proper feeding by mother through responsive feeding can support the fulfillment of nutrition and give an impact on the nutritional status of children. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge about responsive feeding and the nutritional status of toddlers aged 12-36 months. The research was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional research design. The research sample is 68 respondents. The instrument used a questionnaire. Methods of data analysis used univariate analysis on education, occupation, age, level of mother's knowledge about responsive feeding, and developmental status of toddlers as well as bivariate analysis to analyze the relationship between mother's knowledge about responsive feeding and nutritional status of toddlers aged 12-36 months. The results of the research that has been done show that mother's knowledge is in the good category of 52.9%, sufficient 23.8% and less 13.2%. An overview of the nutritional status of toddlers in the good weight category is 70.6%, the risk of being over weight is 19.1%, and the underweight is 10.3%. The results of the Somers’ d analysis showed that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge about responsive feeding and the nutritional status of toddlers aged 12-36 months which was indicated by a p value <0.05. Research recommends the need for responsive feeding education for toddler mothers.
Later Mohist Logic, Ethics and Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Canons and other later writings of the school of Mo-tzu, dating from about 300 B.C., contain nearly all that survives of the logic of ancient China, and its optics and mechanics, the only organized set of geometrical definitions, and the only fully rationalized system of ethics. They represent the high point of abstract rationality in traditional Chinese civilization, and are crucial documents for any inquiry into its achievements and limitations in logic and science. Unfortunately their formidable textual difficulties have hitherto made it impossible to use them with any confidence, and English translations of Mo-tzu, have omitted them. Western sinologists have generally ignored this rich material with the result that they have been forced to draw their conclusions about Chinese logic from the almost negligible remains of the Sophists. The present work begins with a general account of the school of Mo-tzu, its social basis as a movement of craftsmen, its isolated place in the Chinese tradition, and the nature of its later contributions to logic, ethics and science. The relation of Mohist thinking to the structure of the Chinese language is also discussed. The textual problems of the later writings, the grammar and style, the technical terminology, the significance of stock examples, and the overall organization of the documents, are then explored in detail. With the investigation of these preliminary questions, the possibilities of interpretation are confined within controllable limits. The edited and annotated Chinese text follows, with an English translation and commentary, a glossary, and a photographic reproduction of the unemended text from the Taoist Patrology.
Components and Indicators of Mathematics Teachers’ Learning Management Competency to Enhancing Analytical Thinking in Schools Under the Office of the Basic Education Commission

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the components and indicators of learning management competency for mathematics teachers to enhancing analytical thinking; and 2) to examine the consistency and fit of a proposed model describing the components and indicators for enhancing the learning management competency of mathematics teachers to foster analytical thinking. The sample group for this research was comprised of 260 secondary school teachers from the Northeast Region affiliated with the Office of the Basic Education Commission. The sample size was determined using a 20:1 ratio relative to the number of parameters, and a multi-stage random sampling technique was employed. The research instrument was a questionnaire designed to develop components and indicators of learning management competency to enhancing analytical thinking among mathematics teachers. The questionnaire demonstrated an acceptable Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC), ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, with a discriminatory power measured by Pearson Product Moment Correlation ranging from 0.252 to 0.857, and with a reliability of 0.977, as measured by Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha coefficient (&alpha;) for the entire instrument. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed two principal outcomes: 1) the components and indicators of the learning management competency of mathematics teachers to enhance analytical thinking, derived from a systematic synthesis of extant literature and empirical research, three fundamental components were identified: (1) curriculum, (2) learning management, and (3) measurement and evaluation. These components were further defined by a total of 13 indicators. 2) The examination of the consistency of the components model and indicators of learning management competency of mathematics teachers to enhance analytical thinking with empirical data found that (&chi;2) was equal to 55.319, degrees of freedom (df) was equal to 45, the chi-square value was the correlation (&chi;2/df) is equal to 1.229. The statistical significance (p-value) was 0.139, and the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was 0.970. The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was equal to 0.995, the Normed Fit Index (NFI) was equal to 0.974. The Root Mean Residual Index (RMR) was equal to 0.019. The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was equal to 0.030, indicating that this tool can be used to evaluate the learning management competency of mathematics teachers in fostering analytical thinking.
Managing Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Production: Conflicts of interest and politics in the development of public health policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern and is associated with the over- or inappropriate use of antimicrobials in both humans and agriculture. While there has been recognition of this problem on the part of agricultural and public health authorities, there has nonetheless been significant difficulty in translating policy recommendations into practical guidelines. In this paper, we examine the process of public health policy development in Quebec agriculture, with a focus on the case of pork production and the role of food animal veterinarians in policy making.We argue that a tendency to employ strictly techno-scientific risk analyses of antimicrobial use ignores the fundamental social, economic and political realities of key stakeholders and so limits the applicability of policy recommendations developed by government advisory groups. In particular, we suggest that veterinarians’ personal and professional interests, and their ethical norms of practice, are key factors to both the problem of and the solution to the current over-reliance on antimicrobials in food production.
Analysis of Raman effect in chalcogenide and silicon waveguides

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development in the monolithic integration of chip-scale photonic devices has been hindered by the lack of efficient light amplification and lasing components. Recently, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process has been proposed as a possible solution to obtain optical gain inside waveguides. However, the detrimental nonlinear loss strongly limits the performance of silicon-based active devices such as Raman amplifiers and lasers. As presented by recent experimental and theoretical works, chalcogenide material (As2Se3 in particular) possesses significantly greater Raman gain than silica and negligible free carrier absorption (FCA) nonlinear loss comparing to silicon, which is almost ideal for SRS-based high efficiency light emitting. In this final year project, we conduct a theoretical study on the light amplification, lasing and relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer characteristics of chalcogenide Raman amplifier (CRA) and laser (CRL). Theoretical model with a set of time-independent wave-propagating equations is constructed and RIN is modeled as small amplitude modulation of the mean power. The equations are solved numerically by computer programs for the mean power and the noise level inside the waveguides. A series of analyses regarding key performance parameters including the pump power, waveguide length, noise frequency, etc. are carried out. The obtained results on CRA and CRL are then compared with the well-established silicon Raman amplifier (SRA) and silicon Raman laser (SRL) with the same waveguide dimension and simulation parameters. Based on our comprehensive numerical analysis, we show that CRA and CRL outplay their silicon counterpart in terms of energy efficiency and noise performance. In addition, dual-pumping scheme is proposed and verified to be an effective RIN suppression configuration for CRL and SRL.
The pharmacotherapy-psychotherapy triangle: psychiatrist, nonmedical psychotherapist, and patient.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Members of the Washington State Psychiatric Association (N = 387) were sent a questionnaire asking about their experience with providing adjunctive medicinal treatment to patients in psychotherapy with someone else. Of the 202 respondents, 63% acknowledged such "therapeutic triangles." Younger psychiatrists, psychiatrists working in clinic and/or public settings, and non-psychoanalytic psychiatrists were more likely to participate in such arrangements. It is estimated that between 7200 and 21,000 U.S. psychiatrists participate in such arrangements, with 72,000-210,000 patients seen each month. More extensive study of all aspects of this phenomenon is urged.
Discovery ofMaritrema obstipum(Digenea: Microphallidae) from Migratory Birds in Korea

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Adults of Maritrema obstipum (Digenea: Microphallidae) were found in the intestines of 4 species of migratory birds, including the sanderling (Crocethia alba), Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrines), Mongolian plover (Charadrius mongolus), and red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis), collected from Yubu Island, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The worms of were 451 × 265 µm in size, and were easily identifiable as Maritrema species by the presence of the cirrus sac, and the ring-like distribution of the vitellaria. More specifically, the ejaculatory duct curved posteromedially, and the 2 parts of vitelline follicles were found to be distinct at the posterior end. The eggs were brown-colored, and 19.8 × 12.3 µm in size. All these findings implicated M. obstipum as the pertinent species of the worms. Beside these, adult worms of Gynaecotyla squatarolae, Parvatrema duboisi, and Acanthoparyphium sp. were also discovered. This is the first report establishing migratory birds as the natural definitive hosts for M. obstipum.
Non‐Classical Electrostriction in Hydrated Acceptor Doped BaZrO3: Proton Trapping and Dopant Size Effect

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Point defects such as oxygen vacancies and protonic interstitials are not only essential for ionic conductivity in oxides since they also affect the mechanical and electromechanical properties. These properties of nominally dry and hydrated proton‐conducting BaZr 0.85 M 0.15 O 2.925+δ H 2δ (M = Al, Ga, Sc, In, Y, Eu) ceramics are investigated. Doping decreases Young's modulus with increasing ionic radii difference between the dopant and the host. Nominally dry samples show consistently higher Young's moduli than hydrated samples. All samples exhibit large non‐classical electrostriction, with a negative electrostriction coefficient M 33 <0. M 33 shows saturation with the field and a non‐ideal Debye relaxation with frequency. The low‐frequency M 33 value for both dry and hydrated samples shows a similar dependence on dopant radius as Young's modulus. For the hydrated samples, the relaxation frequency increases by a factor >100 in the series Ga‐Y, emphasizing the importance of proton trapping, with Y‐doped samples having minimal trapping energy. This coincides with the fact that the saturation strain for Y‐doped samples is also the smallest. In light of these findings, it is concluded that the present data give strong evidence for the existence of defect‐related elastic dipoles in acceptor doped barium zirconate and that the non‐classical electrostriction originates in their reorientation under electric field.
Small dispersion limit of momentum conservation law

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Numerical properties of the momentum conservation law for Hamiltonian partial differential equations are investigated based on a symplectic time integration. In the nonlinear Klein–Gordon system, it is shown that the critical value of the coefficient of the dispersion term is nearly proportional to the inverse square of the total grid number. The result is consistent with the scale invariance of the equation of motion. On the other hand, in the nonlinear Schrödinger-type system, the critical value of the coefficient does not follow the scale invariance of the equation of motion.
MULTICULTURAL UKHUWAH CONCEPT: The Study of Various Signification on Ukhuwah Perspective of Islamic Elite Religion in Pasuruan District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the meaning and categorization of ukhuwah based on KH. Ahmad Shiddiq, namely Ukhuwwah Islamiyyah, Ukhuwwah Wathaniyyah, and Ukhuwwah Basyariyyah in the perspective of the Islamic elite of Pasuruan Regency. This research is using qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach, unstructured and open interview data collection methods, moderate participatory observation, and documentation. Furthermore, the analysis and interpretation of data according to Miles and Huberman (1984) through the following steps: a). Data reduction, b). Display data, and c). Conclusion drawing/ verification. For data validity, using triangulation techniques or methods and triangulation of data or sources. This research is important to look for alternative narratives from phenomenon of the politicization of ukhuwah narrow one. This article is the first in discussing the various perspectives of Islamic religious elites in interpreting and implementing ukhuwah and formulating the concept of multicultural ukhuwah.
Tobacco Consumption and Illegal Drug Use Among Bangladeshi Males

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article aimed to identify the determinants of tobacco consumption and illegal drug use (IDU) as well as to examine the association between these two variables using a representative sample of 3,771 Bangladeshi males aged 15 to 54 years. Data were collected through Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007. To identify the determinants, the patterns of tobacco consumption and IDU were analyzed by age, education and occupation, residence, mass media, premarital sex, wealth, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Prevalence of smoking cigarette and bidi was roughly 60%. However, the prevalence of IDU was 3.4%, and this proportion is statistically significant ( Z = 11.32, p = .000). After bivariate analysis, almost all variables except STIs were significantly associated with tobacco consumption. Similarly, all variables except residence and mass media were associated with IDU. Based on multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of using IDU was approximately twofold (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-2.53) among bidi smokers and fourfold (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.62-5.56) among cigarette smokers as compared with nonsmokers.
Primary Health Care federal funding in the Unified Health System: old and new dilemmas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss the financing of Primary Care in the SUS, seeking to highlight the historical persistence of the fragility of this funding in terms of the transfer model and a limited view of the concept of Primary Care. The article is structured in three parts. The first part discusses the historical trajectory of the concept of Primary Care, from its initial radicalism in the 1960s to the 'downsizing' brought about by the new National Policy of Primary Health Care (PNAB) of 2017. The second part addresses, in a historical perspective, the federal funding of the SUS, with emphasis on Primary Care and the assessment criteria used. The third part deals with the financing of Primary Care, highlighting the resources of the Ministry of Health for this level of care, focusing on the new PNAB 2017 and, in particular, those transferred through the Basic Attention Floor (PAB) Variable.
The Death Penalty, Volume II. By Jacques Derrida (The University of Chicago Press, 2017, 265 pp., $45 USD) The Will to Punish. By Didier Fassin (Oxford University Press, 2018, 194 pp., £19.99 HB)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

‘Today it is impossible to say for certain why people are really punished’, Friedrich Nietzsche quipped in The Genealogy of Morality (2007 [1887]: 53). ‘[P]eople think punishment has evolved for the purpose of punishing. But every purpose and use is just a sign that the will to power has achieved mastery over something less powerful, and has impressed upon it its own idea of a use function’ (p. 51). Nietzsche’s pointed doubts about the enterprise of penality—and his methods for exposing the hypocrisy of its defenders—periodically resurface, provoking scholars to reconsider the penal wisdom of the age; Michel Foucault drew on Nietzsche to rethink the history of the prison, recasting enlightenment reformers as the disingenuous handmaidens of a new epoch in human discipline. A generation after the publication of Discipline and Punish, we find ourselves surveying a penal landscape that is both more and less changed than Nietzsche and Foucault might have imagined. Alongside the subtle, new technologies of surveillance, the brutal, old punishments remain, particularly in the United States: the United States keeps millions of people in cages; American police kill about 1,000 people every year; and, despite a global trend away from the practice, the United States continues to rely on that archaic vestige of sovereign power, the death penalty. Punishment remains with us.