jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of the Disaccharide N-Acetylglucosaminyl-β(1→4)-N-acetylmuramic Acid and Two Tripeptide Derivatives of This Disaccharide from Lysozyme Digests of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 Cell Walls

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Isolated cell walls of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 were digested with lysozyme, and a low molecular weight fraction was obtained after dialysis of the digest. A disaccharide and two disaccharide peptides were isolated from this fraction by gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-4 column and chromatography on Dowex 50. The structure of the isolated compounds was studied by chemical and enzymatic techniques. The disaccharide was found to be identical with O-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-2-acetamido-3-O-(d-1-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose (GlcNAcβ-(1 → 4)MurNAc) previously isolated from Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls. The two disaccharide peptides were shown to be tripeptide derivatives of this disaccharide, wherein the peptide is linked to the disaccharide by an amide bond between the carboxyl group of the muramic acid of the latter and the NH2-terminal amino group of the peptide. One of the disaccharide peptides was shown to have the structure [see PDF for structure] (shown in Fig. 4). The other has the same structure as this, but in addition contains an amide group on the α-COOH of glutamic acid. Small amounts of a tetrasaccharide, GlcNAcβ-(1 → 4)MurNAcβ(1 → 4)GlcNacβ(1 → 4)MurNAc, were also isolated.
Experimental Investigation for Dynamic Characteristics of the Active Magnetic Bearing Rotor System with Zero Bias Current

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract˖An experimental setup of five degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearing (AMB) rotor system is built up.The modes of bias current and zero bias current are presented.Dynamic characteristics of the system with zero bias current are investigated by stamping modal test, method of model updating based on frequency response function (FRF) and actual operation of the system, and compared with the results of the system with bias current.The results show that, for the system with zero bias current, the stability region of control parameters, modal damping and stiffness and damping of AMB are reduced obviously and its vibration amplitudes in motion on the critical speeds are larger than the system with bias current, however it can still get across the first bending critical speed safely.If the design of the system is proper, the mode of zero bias current can be adopted in actual application, especially in the application of low rotation speed and stable load, so that the system has better over-all properties.Key words˖Active magnetic bearing Zero bias current Modal parameter Bearing stiffness Bearing damping 0 ࠡᣄ
Working Futures: The ilo, Automation and Digital Work in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With access to data communication networks and the prevalence of informal work, workers in the global South are rapidly inching closer to confronting the impact of automated or digitally enabled non-standard employment. What are the social and political responses required to face this shifting engagement with the means of automated production and the experience of digital work mediated through privately owned global technology platforms? By examining India's job market, with a focus on the country's information technology (IT) industry, this chapter assesses whether the International Labour Organization's (ilo) focus on labour rights and social protection is suited to addressing the potential for capital–labour substitution and the new ecosystem of software-mediated work. The chapter suggests a new engagement with digital labour, closer scrutiny of unregulated working conditions, and democratic control over tech-enabled digital platforms.
Abstract 858: Development of next generation carbohydrate-based vaccines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The development of an effective vaccine construct against tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) is an attractive approach towards cancer treatment and prevention. However, a significant challenge is that TACAs are only weakly immunogenic and direct administration of TACAs cannot elicit a powerful antibody response to protect the host from cancer development. In this presentation, we will present our strategies in engineering virus like particle bacteriophage Qβ to significantly enhance the immunogenicity of TACAs as potential anti-cancer vaccines. With its abilities to display antigens in a highly organized manner, Qβ can be a powerful carrier to deliver the antigen to the immune system and activate adaptive immunity. We have engineered Qβ to reduce the antibody responses against the carrier and incorporate T cell epitopes to induce a comprehensive immune response activating both humoral and cellular immunity. With the new Qβ carrier in hand, ganglioside GD2 has been explored as a representative antigen. Ganglioside GD2 is an appealing TACA due to its overexpression on many types of tumor cells. However, its low immunogenicity and the significant side effects observed with anti-GD2 antibodies present significant obstacles for vaccines. To overcome these, a new GD2 derivative bearing an N-acetamide (NHAc) at its non-reducing end neuraminic acid (9NHAc-GD2) has been designed to mimic the 9-O-acetylated-GD2 (9OAc-GD2), a GD2 based antigen with a restricted expression on tumor cells. 9NHAc-GD2 was synthesized efficiently via a chemoenzymatic method and subsequently conjugated with a powerful carrier bacteriophage Qβ. Mouse immunization with the Qβ-9NHAc-GD2 conjugate elicited strong and long-lasting IgG antibodies, which were highly selective toward 9NHAc-GD2 with little cross-recognition of GD2. Immunization of canines with Qβ-9NHAc-GD2 showed the construct was immunogenic in canines with little adverse effects, paving the way for future clinical translation to humans. Building on these results, we are further engineering the 9NHAc-GD2 antigen to improve its immunogenicity. Our latest efforts in designing new GD2 antigens and evaluating them in tumor models will be discussed. Citation Format: Xuefei Huang. Development of next generation carbohydrate-based vaccines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 858.
The Effects of Fasting Upon Plasma Enzyme Levels in Chickens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ALTERATIONS in the levels of seven tricarboxylic acid enzymes and citric acid in the livers of chicks infected with <it>Salmonella pullorum</it> were observed by Gilfillin <it>et al</it>. (1956). Hill <it>et al</it>. (1960) also detected elevated levels of citric acid blood of chicks infected with <it>Salmonella gallinarum</it>. But the citric acid levels of the infected chicks were comparable with those of the controls if feed was withheld from both groups for 18 hours. Furthermore, withdrawal of feed for 36 hours from normal chicks resulted in elevated blood and liver citric acid levels. These were interesting observations because anorexia is a common symptom in many diseases. Although several papers about the effects of diet upon enzyme activities in chickens have been published, little information relative to the effects of actual fasting upon enzyme activities in birds is available. Stutts <it>et al</it>. (1957), however, detected a decrease in the plasma alkaline phosphatase (alkPH) . . .
Expression of PPAR-γ in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis and the effect of atorvastatin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ)in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis,and the effect of atorvastatin.Methods Twenty-four male Japanese rabbits were separated into 3 groups(8 in each group),which were high-fat diet group(group A),high-fat plus atorvastatin group(group B)and normal diet group(group C).All the animals were sacrificed after 16 weeks.The expression of PPAR-γ was detected with immunohistochemical assay,and plasma lipid with automatic biochemical analysis device.Results The expression of PPAR-γ were,respectively,high-fat diet group(11.23±1.21)%,high-fat plus atorvastatin diet group(11.05±1.02)% and normal diet group(7.68±1.04)%.Between group A and B there wasn’t any significant difference(P 0.05).Meanwhile,they both had significant differences compared with group C(P 0.01).TC and LDL expression both had significant differences among three groups,while TG had no significant difference.Conclusion The expression of PPAR-γ increases in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis;atorvastatin increases the expression of PPAR-γ.
Role for cis -Acting RNA Sequences in the Temperature-Dependent Expression of the Multiadhesive Lig Proteins in Leptospira interrogans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The spirochete Leptospira interrogans causes a systemic infection that provokes a febrile illness. The putative lipoproteins LigA and LigB promote adhesion of Leptospira to host proteins, interfere with coagulation, and capture complement regulators. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression level of the LigA and LigB proteins was substantially higher when L. interrogans proliferated at 37°C instead of the standard culture temperature of 30°C. The RNA comprising the 175-nucleotide 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and first six lig codons, whose sequence is identical in ligA and ligB , is predicted to fold into two distinct stem-loop structures separated by a single-stranded region. The ribosome-binding site is partially sequestered in double-stranded RNA within the second structure. Toeprint analysis revealed that in vitro formation of a 30S-tRNA fMet -mRNA ternary complex was inhibited unless a 5′ deletion mutation disrupted the second stem-loop structure. To determine whether the lig sequence could mediate temperature-regulated gene expression in vivo , the 5′ UTR and the first six codons were inserted between the Escherichia coli l -arabinose promoter and bgaB (β-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus ) to create a translational fusion. The lig fragment successfully conferred thermoregulation upon the β-galactosidase reporter in E. coli . The second stem-loop structure was sufficient to confer thermoregulation on the reporter, while sequences further upstream in the 5′ UTR slightly diminished expression at each temperature tested. Finally, the expression level of β-galactosidase was significantly higher when point mutations predicted to disrupt base pairs in the second structure were introduced into the stem. Compensatory mutations that maintained base pairing of the stem without restoring the wild-type sequence reinstated the inhibitory effect of the 5′ UTR on expression. These results indicate that ligA and ligB expression is limited by double-stranded RNA that occludes the ribosome-binding site. At elevated temperatures, the ribosome-binding site is exposed to promote translation initiation.
Understanding Women’s Labeling of Unwanted Sexual Experiences With Dating Partners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Qualitative data are used to examine the process by which women come to label their unwanted sexual experiences with dating partners as sexual abuse or assault, as well as the factors that impede such labeling. Issues of consent, causal attributions, and minimization were found to be central to understanding why women did or did not label. Labeling was generally a gradual process and was most often triggered by social support seeking. Women who did not label typically defined the incident as something less serious than sexual abuse or assault, although some provided definitions indicating that they had felt victimized.
The expression and clinical significance of DNA methylation transferase enzyme 1 in non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of DNMT1(DNA methylation-transferase enzyme 1(DNMT1) in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and analyze the relationship with the clinical characteristic.Methods Fifty-four samples were obtained from patients with NSCLC and had surgery in Suining People′s Hospital.Immunohistochemistry(sABC) was used to detect the expression of DNMT1 protein in 54 cancerous,48 peficancerous tissues and 24 adjuvant normal tissues.Results The positive rates of DNMT1 of NSCLC and peficancerous group were significantly higher than those of peripheral normal lung tissues.The positive rates were 39/54(72.2%),30/48(62.5%),0/24(0%) respectively.Compared with normal lung tissue,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).DNMT1 expression had no significant relationship with cell differentiation,sex,age,smoking history,pathologic type of NSCLC patients.Conclusion The higher expression of the DNMT1 in NSCLC suggests the protein participate in carcinogenesis and can be used as characteristic parameters for the diagnosis of NSCLC.There is no statistically significant correlation between DNMT1 expression and age,sex,smoking history,pathologic type.The protein can not be used as characteristic parameters for the prognosis of NSCLC.
IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE SALINITY LEACHING AND IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY ON SALT BALANCE IN EXPERIMENTAL FIELDS.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article presents the results of field experiments on salt leaching and water-saving irrigation technology for cotton in the heavily saline, heavy loam soils of the long-irrigated alluvial meadows of Bukhara region. The study evaluates salt balance, with results showing that salt content decreased by 3.3 t ha-1 in the second variant and by 7 t ha-1 in the third variant compared to the control.
Nuclear genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunits of Neurospora crassa. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for subunits IV, V, VI, and possibly VII.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We obtained cDNA clones for cytochrome oxidase subunits IV, V, VI, and possibly VII by constructing a lambda gt11 library of Neurospora crassa cDNA and probing it with antiserum directed against Neurospora cytochrome oxidase holoenzyme. Positive clones were further characterized with antisera directed against individual cytochrome oxidase subunits and subsequently by DNA sequencing. The clones for subunits IV and V encode proteins with regions matching the known N-terminal amino acid sequences of purified Neurospora cytochrome oxidase subunits IV and V, respectively. The sequences of these clones provide the first evidence that cytochrome oxidase subunits IV and V are made as precursors with N-terminal extensions in Neurospora. The N-terminal extensions encoded by these clones share homology, and are rich in arginine, as are signal sequences of other mitochondrially destined proteins. The subunit VI clone codes for the carboxyl terminus of a protein homologous to the carboxy termini of yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit VI and bovine cytochrome oxidase subunit Va. The subunit VII clone contains an open reading frame for a 47-residue protein, the expected size for subunit VII. However, the protein coded by this clone has an unusual amino acid composition. Whether this clone represents an authentic cytochrome oxidase subunit is not established.
PERFORMANCE OF THE YALKOWSKY & ROSEMAN AND JOUYBAN & ACREE MODELS ESTIMATING THE SOLUBILITY OF KETOPROFEN IN ETHANOL + WATER COSOLVENT MIXTURES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ketoprofen (KTP) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug. In this paper the validity of a trained version of the Jouyban-Acree (J & A) model is evaluated to predict the solubility of KTP in ethanol + water cosolvent mixtures. The usefulness of the solubility log-linear equation proposed by Yalkowsky and Roseman (Y & R) is also evaluated for the same drug in this cosolvent system. The solubility estimation is studied as a function of temperature and cosolvent composition. The J & A and Y & R models require only the experimental solubility values in the pure solvents at all the temperatures evaluated. The calculated values by using both models deviate notoriously from experimental values in several cases.
CT pulmonary angiography with 80kV and 40mL of iodinated contrast material: technical feasibility and comparison of vascular enhancement with iodixanol 320mgI/mL and iomeprol 400mgI/mL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose \nBackground. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third-ranked cardiovascular cause of death in Western countries after acute coronary syndrome and acute stroke, with a mortality rate as high as 50-58% in haemodynamically unstable patients and 8-15% in haemodynamically stable ones. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is currently considered the diagnostic gold standard for PE, due to its high sensitivity and specificity and its ability to provide direct detection of emboli with... \n \nMethods and Materials \nPatient selection. We evaluated 17 patients (male:female=15:2) with clinically suspected PE, age 48-83 years (average 71 years), body weight 52-73kg (average 62kg), and history of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Exclusion criteria were weight >80kg and serum creatinine >2mg/dL. Scan protocol§ Tube voltage 80kV Tube current 100-400mA with mA modulation (noise index 30) Rotation time / beam pitch 0.6s / 0.984:1 Detector configuration 64×0.625mm... \n \nResults \nOverall intravascular density was not significantly different between protocols A and B (531.2±172.3 HU vs 521.1±155.1 HU, respectively; p=0.6250). CT density of each sampled arterial branch was not significantly different with the two protocols. Beam hardening artifacts were moderate with both protocols A and B and did not significantly degrade the conspicuity of pulmonary arteries in any case. Homogeneity of intravascular enhancement was good with both... \n \nConclusion \nLow radiation dose (80kV tube voltage), low CM volume (40mL) protocols for visualisation of pulmonary arteries with 64-row CT allow to achieve optimal and homogeneous intravascular enhancement without significant artifacts. With IDR kept constant, iodine concentration of CM does not affect intravascular enhancement. Compared with standard protocols, a smaller CM volume might imply a lower risk of renal toxicity in patients and reduced costs.
Acoustical Studies of Some Schiff Bases in 1,4‐Dioxane and Dimethylformamide at 318.15 K

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract From experimental data of density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity, the various acoustical properties, such as specific impedance ( Z ), isentropic compressibility ( κ s ), Rao's molar sound function ( R m ), the van der Waals constant ( b ), molar compressibility ( W ), intermolecular free length ( L f ), relaxation strength ( r ), internal pressure ( π ), free volume ( V f ), solvation number ( S n ) etc ., were calculated for three Schiff bases in 1,4‐dioxane and dimethylformamide (DMF) at 318.15 K. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions occurring in the solutions.
Clinical characteristics of patients infected with novel coronavirus wild strain, Delta variant strain and Omicron variant strain in Quanzhou: A real‑world study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients infected with novel coronavirus wild strains, Delta variant strains and Omicron variant strains to provide a reference for early clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment. The demographic, clinical symptoms and ancillary examination data of 47 patients with novel coronavirus wild type strain infection, 18 with Delta variant infection and 20 with Omicron variant infection admitted to the First Hospital of Quanzhou affiliated with Fujian Medical University were collected and analyzed. The novel coronavirus wild strain and Delta strain were the predominant clinical types; patients infected with the Omicron strain were mainly asymptomatic. Fever and fatigue were the main clinical manifestations in the wild strain and Delta strain groups, whereas dry cough, nasal congestion, sore throat and fever were common clinical manifestations in the Omicron strain group. The Delta strain and Omicron variant groups had fewer comorbidities than the wild-type strain group, but no significant reduction was observed in the negative conversion time of nucleic acids. Significant differences were found in the neutrophil count/lymphocyte count ratio, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio and plasma D-dimer, PH, PaO2, lactic acid and albumin levels among the three groups. Patients infected with the Omicron strain in Quanzhou presented with mild symptoms of the upper respiratory tract as the primary clinical manifestation and had few comorbidities and a good prognosis; however, the negative conversion time of the new coronavirus nucleic acid was still considerably long.
A numerical investigation of the micronozzle geometry effect on the performance of microwave electrothermal thrusters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3480.vid The Microwave Electrothermal Thruster (MET) is a promising electrothermal micro-thruster for small satellite propulsion. The design of the MET utilizes a TM011 microwave resonant mode in a circular waveguide cavity, which creates regions of high electric energy density for plasma generation and propulsion. The nozzle attached to the cavity also plays a critical role in determining the MET performance. However, as the size of the MET resonant cavity is scaled down to fit micro- and nanosatellites, the nozzle attached to the cavity becomes smaller, presenting challenges for experimental investigations into the behavior of the plasma discharge and the gas flowing through the micronozzle. This paper presents a numerical study encompassing the multi-physical phenomena of electromagnetic field wave, plasma, and flow dynamics to fully understand the behavior of plasma discharge and gas flow through a micro nozzle attached to a scaled-down MET resonant cavity. The thrust and specific impulse of the MET are being analyzed by comparing three different types of nozzles - extended convergent-divergent (CD), standard CD, and divergent nozzles - that have the same throat diameter and exit area. The aim of this analysis is to identify design enhancements that could improve the performance and dependability of the system. The results indicate that the geometry of the nozzle has a significant impact on the resonant cavity's performance in terms of the amplification factor and plasma discharge properties. The divergent nozzle shows potential benefits for the MET thruster due to concentrated electron absorbed power close to the nozzle inlet. However, during plasma gas flow operation, it results in a lower specific impulse than the other two cases due to significant heat transfer to the cavity wall near nozzle inlet, leading to a loss of energy source for heating gas. Further investigation is suggested to improve specific impulse by reducing heat conduction to the cavity wall and enhancing the Joule heating effect in that case, which could significantly improve overall MET efficiency.