jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of the marine drug Manzamine‐A related to craniofacial development in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Manzamine‐A is a marine‐derived alkaloid which has anti‐viral and anti‐proliferative properties and is currently being investigated for its efficacy in the treatment of certain viruses (malaria, herpes, HIV‐1) and cancers (breast, cervical, colorectal). Manzamine‐A has been found to exert effects via modulation of SIX1 gene expression, a gene critical to craniofacial development via the WNT, NOTCH, and PI3K/AKTpathways. To date little work has focused on Manzamine‐A and how its use may effect craniofacial development. We hypothesize that Manzamine‐A, through SIX1, alters bone cell activity important to craniofacial skeletal development. As Manzamine‐A is a drug that has great potential in a variety of therapeutics, it is critical that we asses potential side effects that this drug could have on both patients and any developmental effects that may occur during use by expectant mothers. We aimed to assess the effects of Manzamine‐A on four cell types, pre‐osteoblasts, osteoblasts, pre‐osteoclasts, and osteoclasts. PCR, qrtPCR, MTS cell viability assays and Caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay were used to test the effects of Manzamine‐A on these cells. We also performed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) assays to test the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts respectively. To date we have found that Six‐1 is highly expressed in osteoblasts and their progenitors. In contrast Six‐1 has low expression levels in osteoclasts and their progenitors. Further, osteoblast progenitor cells exhibit great sensitivity to Manzamine‐A treatment exhibited by a significant decrease in cell viability, increase in cellular apoptosis, and decrease in ALP activity. Studies are ongoing for osteoclast lineage cells. Overall our preliminary data suggests Manzamine‐A may have great effects on bone health overall and may disrupt skeletal development if exposed during pregnancy or postnatal development.
Adatom generated spatially oscillating strain fields on isotropic and other substrates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An extended elastic eigenvector approach for adatom interactions is applied to elastically isotropic substrates. The oscillating interactions between adatom monomers or dimers are caused by strain fields in the substrate. Expansive or contractive strain fields are surrounding adatoms in form of quasi circular rings. The exact shape of the ring structure depends on the elastic constants of the substrate and especially on the surface Brillouin zone. Interactions on isotropic substrates are depicted and compared with an anisotropic example. Overlays of 2-D plots can help to identify adatom structures caused by elastic effects and to prepare numerical calculations of their elastic energies. The consequences of different sorts of adatoms with different interaction sign are sketched, large short distance attraction could occur in such cases. Limitations of the method are discussed and possible applications are formulated.
Localized amyloidosis of the palate

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Conflict of interest: none declared. Amyloidosis affecting the oral cavity tends to involve the buccal mucosa, tongue and gingivae. Involvement of the palate is rare, with only six cases in the literature.1, 2 We report a case of amyloidosis localized to the palate. A 63‐year‐old woman was referred by maxillofacial surgeons to the oral medicine clinic at Liverpool University Dental Hospital with a 6‐month history of palatal soreness and difficulty wearing her new full upper denture. Previously palatal biopsies had been undertaken at the referring hospital, which described ‘fibroepithelial hyperplasia’ that was possibly due to denture trauma. The condition had not responded to a topical antifungal (nystatin pastilles) used for 1 month, with the denture removed. The patient's medical history included hypertension, for which she was prescribed frusemide and atenolol. She had cardiomegaly and osteoarthritis and had received a prosthetic hip replacement. Initial blood tests including a fasting blood sugar and haematinics had all been normal.
The Effect Of Clean Water Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction of Regional Public Water Company Makassar City in Manggala Dictrict

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine how much influence the quality of clean water products has on customer satisfaction at the Makassar City Public Water Company in Manggala District. This study uses a quantitative descriptive type of research with data collection techniques through observation, literature study, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The sample used in this study is 100 customers. The data of this study were obtained from the results of data processing using the SPSS 25 application which consisted of validity and reliability tests, descriptive data analysis techniques and inferential analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variables of Clean Water Product Quality and Customer Satisfaction at the Regional Public Water Company of Makassar City in Manggala District have a significant influence. This is evidenced by the results of a simple linear regression test and a correlation coefficient test of 0.662, which means that the relationship between the Quality of Clean Water Products and Customer Satisfaction is strong/high. The coefficient of determination was obtained at 0.438, which means that the effect of Clean Water Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction at the Makassar City Public Water Supply Company in Manggala District obtained a value of 43.8% which was included in the medium category interval.
War : a transcendental body of meanings.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis proposes war, particularly in the manner of a civil war, as the underlying order of social causality and by extension, war as an attempt to give meaning to logos. It intends to illustrate the proposed concept by showing how war changes in purpose with each development in social formation and ends up being a form of logos itself in its quest to attain meaning for society. I shall first begin this course of transformation with war as a vehicle used to test the very ideologies it was used or is being used to advocate. For if “war is [indeed] the father of all”, then all that we know, everything that constitutes our epistemology, is either reaffirmed or crushed during war; the locus of a birth and an end. To demonstrate the above proposed concept, I intend to use Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse-Five. Through the two novels, I am also offering war as a plausible demonstration of what Althusser calls "the last instance", the moment where ideas rise and fall. Just as ‘logos’ is common, so is war. The “underlying order” of ideological change is manifested in war, as a state apparatus needed by both the RSA and the ISA to sustain their respective ideologies. This thesis will also attempt to show that “strife is [indeed] justice”; war as a necessary means to reinstate the power of the RSA or to replace it with the ideology of the reactive ISA. However, this vehicle eventually loses its very purpose the more it is being made used of. This leads to the final claim of my thesis that war has become a tool no longer for any purpose but merely for its own existence.
Critical and Emerging Discourses in Multicultural Education Literature1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Multicultural education in Canada was conceived as a response to cultural pluralism in society. Canadian educational policies, research, and practices, as well as the critique of these practices have followed a singular development path. Educational institutions are seen as having the obligation to provide continuity and content to the ongoing dialogue about the nature of multiculturalism and the management of diversity, and educational reforms are often identified as initiatives needed for the integration of immigrants into majority-language institutions (Kymlicka, 2001).
Safety instrumented system and alarm system for heater

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In an increasingly multidisciplinary engineering environment, and in the face of ever increasing system complexity, there is a growing need for all engineers and technicians involved in process engineering to be aware of the implications of designing and operating safety related systems. This includes knowledge of the relevant safety standards. Safety Instrumented System (SIS) plays a vital role in providing the protective layer functionality in many industrial process and automation systems. This work is an attempt to introduce SIS in a Heater application. First portion of this paper is devoted to explore/invent building blocks for the Basic Process Control System (BPCS) and SIS. It is followed by the employment of SIS on a tank consisting of temperature and level control of process fluid using microcontrollers. The third portion includes the result of the process described in the previous section.
Application of fuzzy inference to electric load clustering

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In distribution system, bus load estimation is complicated because system load is usually monitored at only a few points. As a rule receiving nodes are not equipped with stationary measuring instruments so measurements of loads are performed sporadically. In general, the only information commonly available regarding loads, other than major distribution substations and equipment installations, is billing cycle customer kWh consumption. In order to model system uncertainty, inexactness, and random nature of customers' demand, a fuzzy system approach is proposed. This paper presents application possibilities of the fuzzy inference method to the electrical load modeling. Clustering of load profiles in different part of system was used to classify the substations. A regression model, expressing the correlation between a substation peak load and a set of customer features (explanatory variables), existing in the substation population, is determined. Simulation studies have been performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme and an effect of different parameters on its accuracy on the basis of actual data obtained at distribution system substations
Le nom indo-européen de l’hôte

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The following paper is intended to propose a new morphological analysis of the PIE name for ‘guest’ (*ghós-ti-). This word has been widely assumed to be linked to the PIE root *ghes ‘eat’ (reflected by Ved. √ghas ‘eat, devour’), without explaining the oddity of this apparent o-grade agent-noun * ghós-ti- m. ‘table companion’. So far, no conclusive evidence can be found for a word built on the same pattern. Furthermore, it may seem quite difficult to give an account for the Lat. hospes m. meaning both ‘guest’ and ‘host’, like the French word hôte (borrowed as Engl. host at an early stage). We argue here that this PIE *ghós-ti- is a back-formation made on an old collective stem *ghós-t-ō̯i f. ‘table, group of table companions’ (including both the host and his guests). This very form *ghós-t-ō̯i would eventually reflect an acrostatic stem *ghós-t- f. ‘common meal’
Acute Stress Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute stress disorder ( ASD ) first appeared in the DSM‐IV as a diagnosis describing acute stress reactions occurring within a month following exposure to trauma. In response to accumulating evidence, DSM ‐5 no longer places the same emphasis on dissociative symptoms, and does not require a specific number of any cluster of symptoms for a diagnosis of ASD . Instead, it requires the presence of 9 of any of 14 potential symptoms of ASD , and prohibits the diagnosis until 3 days have elapsed post trauma. Although ASD predicts the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), relative to trauma‐exposed people who do not develop ASD , most individuals with PTSD do not meet ASD diagnostic criteria prior to the diagnosis of PTSD . Accordingly, the DSM ‐5 diagnosis of ASD intends to describe severe acute reactions rather than predict subsequent PTSD . Cognitive behavioral therapy reduces the rate of subsequent PTSD in individuals with ASD .
Colorless, Transparent, Dye-Doped Polymer Films Exhibiting Tunable Luminescence Color: Controlling the Dual-Color Luminescence of 2‑(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2‑<i>a</i>]pyridine\nDerivatives with the Surrounding Matrix

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Colorless, transparent, polymer films\nincluding 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)­imidazo­[1,2-<i>a</i>]­pyridine (HPIP) derivatives, <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>,\nare prepared by a spin-coating method. The observed emission\nspectra upon photoexcitation of these polymer films were composed\nof dual emission bands: the normal luminescence at 370–410\nnm (purple) and the greatly Stokes-shifted emission at 520–580\nnm (yellow) assigned as the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer\n(ESIPT) luminescence. Relative intensity of the two emissions varied\naccording to the polymer matrices, resulting in change in the luminescent\ncolor of the dye-doped polymer films. Particularly, the luminescence\nproperties of 6-cyano HPIP, <b>2</b>, are highly susceptible\nto the surrounding environment, and therefore successfully tuned to\nproduce a wide range of colors, from purple to orange, by changing\nits concentration within and the type of the polymer matrix. This\nobservation can be ascribed to the formation of a relatively weak\nintramolecular hydrogen bond resulting from the electron-withdrawing\n6-cyano group. Thus, we demonstrate large variations in emission color\ncan be achieved using interactions of the single component with the\nsurrounding matrix. These results offer promise as a convenient and\neffective method for a wide-range tuning the luminescence colors of\ndye-doped polymer films.
Nouveaux espaces en Amérique du Sud : la frontière paraguayo-brésilienne

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In easternmost Paraguay, Brazilian pioneers have introduced original spatial organisation. This «Braziguayan» area is no longer strictly Paraguayan, but it cannot be considered as the mere western extension of patterns prevailing in southern Brazil either. This area, which was recently on the edge of human settlement, has become a contact zone between local, national, macro-regional and even global spatial structures.
Return to Baseball Following an Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in a High School Baseball Pitcher: A Level 3 Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 17-year-old right-handed high school pitcher sustained a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation. The patient’s imaging revealed a small Hill–Sachs lesion; however, the clinical team’s decision was to manage it nonoperatively. In this case, the patient underwent 7 weeks of rehabilitation, which included general upper extremity strengthening exercises, a modified interval throwing program, and a pitching progression adapted specifically for the patient. After rehabilitation, the patient returned to live pitching with improvements in his pitching statistics. The uniqueness of this case is that it is a less common intervention approach posttreatment.
Bioprocessing of common beans in diets for tilapia: in vivo digestibility and antinutritional factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Bioprocessing of ingredients by solid‐state fermentation is a low‐cost technique for preparing diets. It is performed by adding microorganisms such as Rhizopus oligosporus to bean grains, achieving minimal degradation of nutrients and a significant improvement in digestibility. In particular, fermentation induces favorable changes in beans by reducing enzyme inhibitors, such as phytates and tannins. RESULTS Fermentation significantly ( P < 0.05) increased the protein content and digestibility of dry matter and protein compared with whole bean grains, and decreased the content of lipids, ash and phytic acid. Hardening did not have a significant ( P > 0.05) effect on the chemical content of beans and digestibility of diets. The dehulled bean meal significantly ( P < 0.05) increased protein and lipid content and digestibility of dry matter and protein of beans, and decreased fiber, ash and tannin content. The chemical content of beans and digestibility of ingredients compare favorably with those reported by other authors, indicating the benefits of fermentation and dehulling. CONCLUSION We concluded that bean meal obtained from fermentation or dehulling represents a low‐cost alternative for diets for tilapia. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Islamofascism: Neofascism in the Middle East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The search for neofascism in the Middle East reveals a great deal about the general character of the search itself, as well as its putative content. It makes evident the prevailing notions that shape the inquiry, making clear the uncertainty of many of its underlying premises. The consequence is reflected in the tortured results one finds in the contemporary analyses devoted to what has come to be known as “Middle Eastern fascism,” and its more recent incarnation, “Islamofascism.”
A Non-Pathogenic Bartonella-Like Organism Developing in Embryonate Eggs after Injection with Haemobartonella Muris

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary and Conclusions An organism morphologically indistinguishable from Haemobartonella muris and H. tyzzeri has been cultivated in embryonate eggs after inoculation with rat blood infected with H. muris. Subculture on complex cell-free media was obtained, but primary isolation on these media could not be achieved. The organism is an intracellular parasite forming compact spherical cytoplasmic clusters which are identical with those produced by Bartonella bacilliformis and H. tyzzeri and are believed to be almost specific for organisms of this group. Further characteristics supporting the view that the organism is H. muris are growth in fused clumps in cell-free media and inability to ferment carbohydrates. Injection into splenectomized bartonella-free rats resulted in no clinical or hematological evidence of haemobartonellosis and gave no immunity to subsequent infection with H. muris. For this reason, positive identification of the organism cannot be made at present.
Connected but fragile: Fund-to-fund holdings and redemptions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Investment funds are increasingly investing in other funds. I study the implications of this using Czech fund data from 2011 to 2022. Cross-fund holdings boosted diversification and returns, albeit with increased volatility. Moreover, the funds primarily sold fund shares compared to other assets to pay large redemption proceeds, especially during stressful periods. I then explore individual fund-to-fund redemptions and show increasing redemptions from funds experiencing outflows of investors. The relation is pronounced for shares held that are issued by less liquid funds, consistent with elevated strategic complementarity among the remaining investors that the funds seem to amplify further. Finally, the study investigates supportive behavior within fund families, finding evidence of increased purchases of constituents of those families that are subject to redemptions.
Explaining Western Securities Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter questions the power of law in solving CG problems and maintains that there are societal and political forces that are likely to shape governance structures irrespective of any regulation. In particular, the most common configuration of those forces around the world tends to reinforce concentrated ownership no matter what laws are adopted to protect minority shareholders. The chapter presents a new regression analysis of a wide database on political indicators and ownership concentration in sixteen major countries, which supports the conjecture that political variables, in particular the degree of employment protection and trade union strength, are strong inverse correlates of ownership separation and the diffusion of public companies.
Associating body condition score and parity with sub-optimal mobility in pasture-based dairy cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Sub-optimal mobility in dairy cows can be broadly defined as abnormal gait which causes a deviation from the optimal walking pattern of a cow. Sub-optimal mobility is also associated with significant economic and environmental consequences, which have yet to be extensively researched or quantified in pasture-based systems. However, to quantify sub-optimal mobility in terms of its impacts economically and environmentally, and indeed to aid in the development of automated detection sensors for sub-optimal mobility, a clear understanding of the characteristics of a cow with sub-optimal mobility is required. So far, automated detection sensors have been successful for detecting moderate to severe forms of sub-optimal mobility. However, there is a need for a better understanding of the cow-level traits associated with all forms of sub-optimal mobility, including mild forms, to incorporate this into future development of automated detection sensors for sub-optimal mobility. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the associations between hoof disorders (both type and presence), body condition score, and all levels of sub-optimal mobility in pasture-based dairy cows using data from a large sample of Irish dairy farms. Mobility scores, body condition scores (BCS), claw disorder (presence and severity), and parity records were available for 6,927 dairy cows from 52 pasture-based herds. Binomial logistic regression analysis was completed to determine the associations between claw disorder (presence and severity), BCS, parity and sub-optimal mobility. The output variable was sub-optimal mobility (mobility score ≥ 1) and the predictor variables were specific claw disorders and their severities, BCS, and parity. Our results indicate that all severities of claw disorders, low BCS, and higher parity cows are all associated with an increased risk for sub-optimal mobility.