jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPECIES OF MYOCHROUS (CHRYSOMELIDAE, COLEOP.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Elongate, dull brown, covered densely with cinereous and brown scales. Anntennae brown at base, last five joints darker and broader. Thorax as long as broad, arcuate and dentate at sides; covered densely with scales, cinereous at sides, cinereous and brown on disk.
Testing the imprint of nonstandard cosmologies on void profiles using Monte Carlo random walks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using Monte Carlo random walks of a log-normal distribution, we show how to qualitatively study void properties for nonstandard cosmologies. We apply this method to an f(R) modified gravity model and recover the N-body simulation results of [I. Achitouv, M. Baldi, E. Puchwein, and J. Weller, Phys. Rev. D 93, 103522 (2016).] for the void profiles and their deviation from GR. This method can potentially be extended to study other properties of the large scale structures such as the abundance of voids or overdense environments. We also introduce a new way to identify voids in the cosmic web, using only a few measurements of the density fluctuations around random positions. This algorithm allows us to select voids with specific profiles and radii. As a consequence, we can target classes of voids with higher differences between f(R) and standard gravity void profiles. Finally, we apply our void criteria to galaxy mock catalogues and discuss how the flexibility of our void finder can be used to reduce systematic errors when probing the growth rate in the galaxy-void correlation function.
Validation of HPLC method for quantitative determination of active compounds in Thai traditional herbal medicine to treat gastrointestinal disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Quality control is essential for determining the quality and consistency of medicinal plant products before their use. Thatbunjob is a Thai herbal formulation included in the National List of Essential Medicines for treating gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography method for determining active compounds in Thatbunjob. The main compounds, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, rutin, and eugenol, were determined following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), and found to be linear, with a correlation coefficient (R2) ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9998. The LOD and LOQ values calculated from the calibration curve ranged from 7.29 to 20.29 and 22.09 to 61.48 µg/mL, respectively. The method also exhibited acceptable precision, with relative standard deviation values lower than 2%. The accuracy of the method was evaluated based on the recovery percentages, and found to be within an acceptable range (90.12–105.39%). The validated protocol developed in this study was employed to analyze the concentration levels of gallic acid, chebulagic acid, rutin, and eugenol in eight different Thatbunjob products commercially available in Thailand. The performance parameters show that the developed and validated method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of gallic acid, chebulagic acid, rutin, and eugenol in Thatbunjob.
Uranium contents and 234U/238U activity ratios in aluminium reagents and bauxites.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

アルミニウム金属やアルミニウム試薬に含まれる不純物ウランの含有量,及びその234U/238U放射能比について調べた.ウランは,金属アルミニウム換算してそのに数十から数百ppb含234U/238U放射能比の大きいものもあった.従って,硝酸アルミニウムを使用寺る場合には,微量ウランを定最する際のコンタミネーションのみならず,234U/238U放射能比の測定においても,試薬から混入する高放射能比のウランによるコンタミネーションに対する注意が必要である.又,アルミニウムの原料となるボーキサイト中のウラン含有量と234U/238U放射能比は変化に富んでいて,試薬中のウランの多様性はボーキサイトに帰せられるとみられる.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Grafted from Acacia Gum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate onto acacia gum has been studied in detail. The grafting was found to be optimal under the following reaction conditions: gum at 0.4 g/dL, monomer at 7.52 × 10 −;2 mol/dL, ceric ammonium sulfate at 15.81 × 10 −;4 mol/dL, H 2 SO 4 at 0.037 mol/dL, temperature at 50 °C and time at 3.0 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was sed for the confirmation of grafting. Thermal and physical properties of the copolymer were studied. A probable mechanism of polymerization has been suggested based on reaction kinetics.
Experimental study on the influence of wind-sand two-phase flow erosion on the output performance of photovoltaic modules

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The wind tunnel experiment was used to study the impact of wind-sand flow erosion on the output performance of photovoltaic modules. The desert environment was simulated by controlling different wind speeds and dust concentrations, and the erosion effects of different wind speeds and dust concentrations on modules were obtained by controlling a single variable. The results show that the sand carrying capacities of different wind speeds are different. Due to the different sand carrying capacities, there are significant differences in the wind-sand two-phase flow at different heights, resulting in different erosion effects impacts on the output power of photovoltaic modules.At 10m/s wind speed, the relative loss rate of PV modules with tilt angle of 15 ° reaches 5.84 %. At the wind speed of 15 m/s, the relative loss rate of the photovoltaic module with a tilt angle of 15° reaches 19.02 % ; at the wind speed of 20 m/s, the relative loss rate of photovoltaic modules with inclination angle of 60° reaches 4.91 %.
Validation of a Prediction Rule for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients with Recent Onset Undifferentiated Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives . To validate van der Helm-van Mil score (vHvM) and new ACR/EULAR criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA). Patients and Methods . Adult patients with UA (swelling ≥2 joints of less than 6 months duration, without diagnosis, and never treated with disease modifying drugs). Results . Ninety-one patients were included. Mean age: 55.6 years (SD: 17.4), 74% females. Median symptoms duration was 2 months (IR: 1–4 months). Mean van der Helm-van Mil score was 6.9 (SD: 2). After a mean followup of 6.2 months (SD: 6), 40.7% patients fulfilled ACR 1987 RA classification criteria, 28.6% fulfilled other diagnostic criteria, and 31% remained as UA. Receiver operator characteristic curve's (ROC's) area under the curve (AUC) for the vHvM score for diagnosis of RA was 0.83. A cutoff value of 6.94 showed sensitivity of 81% and 79.7% specificity. For the new ACR/EULAR criteria, the ROC AUC was 0.93, and a value equal to or greater than 6 showed 86.5% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Conclusion . van der Helm-van Mil prediction score and the new ACR/EULAR criteria proved to be valuable for the diagnosis of RA in patients with early UA.
A disconnect between classroom and professional writing: we are not teaching public health students to write effective titles

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Titles are considered a crucial element of grant applications, journal articles, reports and other public health documents, but they are often overlooked in student writing assignments. In this article, we argue that public health instructors should teach students how to write compelling document titles. Our argument about titles is part of a broader assertion that public health students should be asked to write in professional formats such as grant applications, reports and journal articles. Requiring students to engage with important writing conventions like titles that are used in the professional workplace helps them make connections between the content they are writing about and the activities, roles, values and context of public health practice. We recommend that instructors explicitly incorporate titles into their assigned writing in three ways: first, instructors should require titles; second, instructors should provide criteria for a good title that are appropriate to the document type and finally, instructors should award points for a good title.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of novel 3‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Plant pathogens cause substantial crop losses annually, posing a grave threat to global food security. Fungicides have usually been used for their control, but the rapid development of pesticide resistance renders many ineffective, therefore the search for novel and efficient green pesticides to prevent and control plant diseases has become the top priority in crop planting. RESULTS The results of bioassay studies indicated that most of the target compounds showed certain antimicrobial activity in vitro . In particular, compound X7 showed high inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), with an EC 50 value of 27.47 μg mL −1 , surpassing conventional control agents such as thiazole zinc (41.55 μg mL −1 ) and thiodiazole copper (53.39 μg mL −1 ). Further studies on molecular docking showed that X7 had a strong binding affinity with 2FBW. The morphological change observed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of Xoo appears wrinkled and cracked under X7 treatment and a total of 2662 proteins were identified by label‐free proteomic analysis. Three experiments have elucidated the mechanism whereby X7 induced considerable changes in the physiological and biochemical properties of Xoo , which in turn affected the reproduction and growth of bacteria. CONCLUSION This work represents a pivotal advancement, offering important reference for the research and development therapeutics in combating plant pathogens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantum magnetic collapse of a partially bosonized npe-gas: Implications for astrophysical jets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the quantum magnetic collapse of a partially bosonized [Formula: see text]-gas and obtain that this type of collapse might be one of the mechanisms behind matter expulsion out of compact objects. We check also that this gas might form a stable stream of matter whose collimation is due to its strong self-generated magnetic field. Possible astrophysical applications of these results, in particular related to jet formation and its maintenance, are discussed.
3D‐QSAR Study of Pyridine Derivates as IKK‐2 Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract IkB kinase β (IKK‐2) is a serine‐threonine protein kinase that is critically involved in activating the transcription factor NF‐κβ in response to various inflammatory stimuli (hence, the interest in synthesizing molecules that can inhibit IKK‐2). Some pyridine derivates have been shown to be among the most potent IKK‐2 inhibitors known at present. This study reports how pyridine derivates have been used to develop a 3D‐QSAR model for rationalizing results from previous structure‐activity relationship studies on IKK‐2 inhibition by these molecules; and predicting the IC 50 of other pyridine‐derivate IKK‐2 inhibitors whose activity is unknown. Therefore, 3D‐QSAR models were built with PHASE and a training set of 21 molecules with IC 50 values that span five orders of magnitude (ranging from 0.004 to more than 20 μM) and in which each order of magnitude had from two to seven molecules. The resulting models were validated with a test set made up of 16 molecules of known IC 50 . Only 3 out of 1245 3D‐QSAR models had statistical parameter values in the following ranges: a) R 2 , Q 2 and r ‐Pearson value≥0.8000; b) RMSE/ SD in the [0.90–1.05] interval; c) Q 2 / R 2 ≈1; and d) P <0.05 (statistical significance). Moreover, a second test set (consisting of 63 molecules whose activity has been reported in the form of the IC 50 interval to which it belongs) was used for selecting which of the three remaining 3D‐QSAR models makes the best predictions. The best 3D‐QSAR model obtained is associated with a pharmacophore that contains all the characteristics that previous structural‐activity studies have reported to be essential if IKK‐2 is to be inhibited by these ligands. Therefore, it is concluded that this 3D‐QSAR model can be used to reliably predict how other pyridine derivates inhibit IKK‐2.
Assessing the correlation between malocclusion and lowered psychosocial well-being

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic treatment can include physical and/or psychosocial elements in addition to straightening teeth. OBJECTIVE: Of importance to this study was to explore the correlation between malocclusion and psychosocial well-being from the perspective of younger patients, their caregivers, through the inclusion of normative criteria. MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected at a single point in time from a sample of prospective patients. Eighty-six patients and their caregivers met the inclusion criteria and were asked to complete the questionnaires. The mean age of patients included in the study was 13.57 +/- 1.57 years (55 females and 31 males). Data was collected through clinical exams. Patients were assessed using the dental and aesthetic component grades of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). RESULTS: Caregivers’ satisfaction with the patient’s body image correlated with the patients’ satisfaction with their body image (p<0.05). Caregivers' satisfaction with tooth appearance correlated with the IOTN aesthetic component grade (p<0.05). As the satisfaction score increases (reflecting overall dissatisfaction with body image), the more likely that the patient actually needs treatment. There is no significant correlation between patients’ satisfaction with their teeth and IOTN dental and aesthetic component grades (p>0.05). Caregivers' motivation, in comparison to the patients’ motivations to seek orthodontic treatment was significant (p<0.05). No significant gender differences were found with regards to being bullied about dental appearance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Malocclusion does impact perceptions of psychosocial well-being.
Fluoroscopic Detection of Ventral Wall Violation during C2 Intralaminar Screw Insertion: A Descriptive Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The C2 (second cervical) laminar screws were considered for rigid fixation of the axis because the use of pars or pedicle screws posed a risk to the vertebral artery with C2. Though considered to be a relatively safe method, ventral spinal canal violations have been reported in laminar screws fixations. Fluoroscopy-based image guidance may increase the accuracy and safety of the technique. Aim: To report the use of fluoroscopy technique in the detection of ventral wall violation during C2 intralaminar screw insertion. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study reports seven dry axis vertebrae from the adult south Indian population for which fluoroscopic analysis was done from January 2013 to December 2013. True lateral views were taken before and after applying a vertical line of barium paint on the ventral surface of the lamina at two points: at the centre of the lamina and close to the facet joints at the face to-laminar junction. Results: In the total seven dry axis vertebrae analysed, the mean ratio of the distance from the spinolaminar junction to the barium line (drawn on the ventral surface of the lamina just next to face to laminar junction) to the distance between the spinolaminar junction and uppermost part of inferior articular facet of C2 vertebrae was 0.465±0.0389 mm. Conclusion: Even though considered a relatively safer technique, laminar cortical violations have been reported in C2 translaminar screw fixations. Fluoroscopy-based imaging guidance can improve the accuracy of C2 translaminar screw insertion, as this technology provides real-time imaging during the process of screw insertion and helps in accurate screw sizing.
Baseline disease characteristics in Brazilian patients enrolled in Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcome Survey (THAOS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is characterized by the deposit of mutant or wild-type transthyretin that forms amyloid fibrils, which are extracellularly deposited within tissues and organs. Clinical manifestations of familial amyloid polyneuropathy vary according to the mutation, age at onset and geographical location. This study aimed to describe baseline disease characteristics of Brazilian patients with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR-FAP) enrolled in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcome Survey (THAOS). Methods: The THAOS is an international, noninterventional, longitudinal, observational, web-based registry designed to characterize ATTR. The outcome measures included demographics (age at symptom onset, gender, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, family history), genotype, and clinical characteristics (presence of amyloid deposit, frequency of misdiagnosis, presenting symptomatology). The analysis was conducted in a dataset from Brazilian patients (from November 2008 to January 2016). Results: One hundred and sixty participants (52.5% male) were included in the analysis. The majority of participants (90.6%) reported a positive family history of ATTR-FAP Median age at symptom onset was 32.5 years. Val30Met mutation was found in 91.9%. Misdiagnosis was observed in 26.6% of symptomatic patients. Over one-third (35.3%) of the misdiagnosed patients experienced a delay of more than one year before receiving a correct diagnosis. At presentation, 79.7% of the patients had motor, 87.5% sensory and 93.8% autonomic symptoms. Conclusion: ATTR-FAP in Brazil starts early, has a strong family history and the majority has Val30Met mutation. Misdiagnosis is common and the most common presentation is of a sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy.
Cytological diagnosis and telomerase activity of cells in effusions of body cavities.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telometric DNA on chromosome ends, and may be related to the aging and immortality of cells. Recently, a telometric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay for telomerase activity, using the polymerase chain reaction, was developed. We examined the limitations of TRAP assay by applying it to a cultured colon cancer cell line (COLO320) and 58 human cytological materials from body cavity effusions, and obtained the following results; i) The limits of the TRAP assay were 20-50 cells for the COLO320 cell line; ii) One COLO320 cell per 100 normal blood white cells was detectable; iii) Seventeen of 58 samples were positive for telomerase activity in this study. The sensitivity was 69% (9/13) and the specificity was 87.5% (28/32) between cytological diagnosis and telomerase activity; iv) Among 29 malignant cases, 15 were positive for telomerase activity, while there were 11 cytologically positive cases. The positive cases detected by the combination of cytology and telomerase activity accounted for 21 of the total 29 cases (72.4%). These results suggest that the measurement of telomerase activity in body cavity effusions may be useful as an adjunctive tool for cytological and clinicopathological diagnosis and that this technique is potentially applicable to remnant cytological materials.
Digital business world and ethical dilemmas: a systematic literature review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The digital transition in the business world emerged as a necessity during the health crisis. Along with businesses transitioning into the innovative digital sphere, ethical issues also appeared. To switch to new technologies, companies must not only be aware of but also engage in digital practices and, last but not least, consider the importance of ethics. Talking about ethics in business is easy since we have a series of guidelines. It becomes more complicated when we face digital ethics and robots that do not have morals. Such a transition requires companies to rethink and innovate their business models and how they offer their customers value, while simultaneously considering digital ethical matters and even environmental and social aspects. This systematic literature review highlights—from the company's perspective—the key topics that characterize digitalization and the crucial role of ethics, describing the internal and external factors to consider in transition processes. The research results propose a series of guidelines but also open up new research opportunities to facilitate the digital transition in the business environment while respecting its ethical aspects. The main contribution of the research is to the specialist literature, deepening the topic and identifying some key aspects regarding the crucial role of ethics in the digital transition.
Optimization of Culture Conditions of Bacterium Producing PBS Degrading Lipase

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Rashid N p-nPP colorimetric method was used to demine the lipase activity,which was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured under optimized conditions through mono-factor and orthogonal experiments.Results show the optimized conditions of culture as 29 ℃ and rotating speed 120 m;while the optimal culture media is sucrose 0.5%,(NH 4) 2 SO4 0.05%,FeSO 4 0.005%,compound emulsifier(Tween-60: Span-80 as 1: 1)0.5%,seed volume 5%,and the initial pH 9.0.After optimization,the lipase activity is up to 33.741 84 U/mL.
El hecho fenomenológico del sujeto y el objeto en el aprendizaje.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present work has the objective of making an analysis from the point of view of the evolution and appearance of thought in the human being and its structure of knowledge, its different developments in the stages of humanity and its history. The fact of the subject and the object in the relationship of learning as a systemic and reflective form that is acquiring ways of meanings, until reaching an advance where thought seeks to reinterpret and decode the ideas of the world and man (Object and Subject) of a more structured way, based on a form of equilibration and adaptability taking into account the Piagetian theory, as well as the current thinking reality, of how we are forming the new knowledge and decodifications, their true meanings for our scientific-technical world, open to a new language and a new way of thinking in the world. The ontic characteristics of the human being make us see is a Being of options and that is open to different ways to acquire and decode knowledge, among which stand out at first are: “culture and education”; it is the culture that enriches, the one that puts the different forms of transmission of knowledge, orally, in writing and in other ways in which our brain knows how to decode its realities from the primordial elements that only it knows.