jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Feature-Based Molecular Networking Discovery of Bromopyrrole\nAlkaloids from the Marine Sponge <i>Agelas dispar</i>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Investigation of the marine sponge <i>Agelas dispar</i> MeOH fractions using feature-based molecular\nnetworking, dereplication,\nand isolation led to the discovery of new bromopyrrole-derived metabolites.\nAn in-house library of bromopyrrole alkaloids previously isolated\nfrom <i>A. dispar</i> and <i>Dictyonella</i> sp.\nwas utilized, along with the investigation of an MS/MS fragmentation\nof these compounds. Our strategy led to the isolation and identification\nof the disparamides A–C (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>), with a novel carbon skeleton. Additionally, new dispyrins B–F\n(<b>4</b>–<b>8</b>) and nagelamides H2 and H3 (<b>9</b> and <b>10</b>) and known nagelamide H (<b>11</b>), citrinamine B (<b>12</b>), ageliferin (<b>13</b>),\nbromoageliferin (<b>14</b>), and dibromoageliferin (<b>15</b>) were also isolated and identified by analysis of spectroscopic\ndata. Analysis of MS/MS fragmentation data and molecular networking\nanalysis indicated the presence of hymenidin (<b>16</b>), oroidin\n(<b>17</b>), dispacamide (<b>18</b>), monobromodispacamide\n(<b>19</b>), keramadine (<b>20</b>), longamide B (<b>21</b>), methyl ester of longamide B (<b>22</b>), hanishin\n(<b>23</b>), methyl ester of 3-debromolongamide B (<b>24</b>), and 3-debromohanishin (<b>25</b>). Antibacterial activity\nof ageliferin (<b>13</b>), bromoageliferin (<b>14</b>),\nand dibromoageliferin (<b>15</b>) was evaluated against susceptible\nand multi-drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogenic bacteria <i>Klabsiella\npneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus\naureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. Dibromoageliferin (<b>15</b>) displayed the most potent antimicrobial\nactivity against all tested susceptible and MDR strains. Compounds <b>13</b>–<b>15</b> presented no significant hemolytic\nactivity up to 100 μM.
Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes, Expectations and Practices regarding Their Children’s Chinese Language Maintenance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the attitudes, expectations and reported practices of Chinese immigrant parents with respect to their children’s Chinese language maintenance in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 30 parents. The study found that these parents unanimously agreed on the benefits of maintaining the Chinese language for their children. However, their positive attitudes were neither fully reflected in their expectations nor enacted in their practices. Parental expectations of their children’s Chinese proficiency were not very high, with only four parents hoping that their children would acquire both oracy and literacy in Chinese. Home practices of cultivating Chinese literacy were largely lacking. Our findings suggest that future improvement of Chinese LOTE programs in Australian schools would induce Chinese parents to make more effort in promoting heritage language practices among their children, particularly literacy-related language practices at home.
Roads Digital Map Generation with Multi-track GPS Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to generate roads digital map of unknown area when the raster map is absent, we proposed a way which employs multi-track GPS (Global Position System) data. Despite inaccuracy of GPS system itself, multi-track data can reduce errors when we assume a symmetric distribution of the error values. Morphological operations to binary image are employed to process the GPS data. Dilation, closing operations are used to merge discrete data points and fill in gaps among GPS tracks, while thinning algorithm and pruning are used to extract skeleton to gets the roadspsila position. We also exploit direction rule and distance rule to delete redundant nodes when constructing roads graph so that the data storage of digital map will be reduced. By overlaying our own digital map on the Google Earth map of the same roads, this way of generating digital map with multi-track GPS data is proved to be effective.
MMR vaccine row raises questions of clinical freedom

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The doctor who referred a colleague providing single vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella to the General Medical Council has defended his actions as the only available way of raising issues of patients' safety in the private sector.

Professor Brian McCloskey, director of public health for Worcestershire Health Authority, said that he had been caught in the middle of two conflicting clinical views and has asked the General Medical Council to take a further look into …
Down-regulated expression of ATG5 in colorectal cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of autophagy in tumor development is paradoxical. Although some genetic evidence has indicated that autophagy has as a tumor suppressor function, it also provides some advantages to tumors under metabolic stress conditions. Autophagy is regulated by several autophagy-related gene (ATG) proteins. In mammals, 16 different ATG genes have been identified. To investigate the clinicopathological role of ATG5 in colorectal cancer, we firstly investigated its expression in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. Expression analysis revealed ATG5 to be strongly down-regulated in colorectal cancer (38/40 patients). Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis of colorectal cancer tissues indicated that increased ATG5 expression is associated with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.035). The findings in our limited clinical cohort indicate that ATG5 could be a potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarker.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery and Structure—Activity Relationships Leading to CE‐156811, a Difluorophenyl Cyclopropyl Fluoroether: A Novel Potent Antibacterial Analogue Derived from Hygromycin A.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract SAR studies and optimization of various modified hygromycin A fluoroalkyl ethers, which lead to the discovery of the highly potent antibacterial CE‐156811 (I) derived from truncation of the ribose ring and difluorination of the phenyl found in hygromycin A, are discussed.
Melioidosis of the nervous system: atypical presentation of a rare disease in a 48-year-old man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 48-year-old man who worked in mining in remote, northern Australia was transferred from a rural hospital 5 days after the onset of headaches, subjective fevers and flaccid paralysis of the left upper limb. Initial investigations demonstrated inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes and a longitudinally extensive cervical cord lesion. Given two serial negative blood and CSF cultures, he was treated as inflammatory myelitis with intravenous methylprednisolone. Despite the initial improvement in pain and left arm power, the patient’s neurological deficit plateaued and then deteriorated with worsening neck pain, diaphragmatic dysfunction and dysphagia requiring intubation and respiratory support. A third CSF culture isolated Burkholderia pseudomallei confirming a diagnosis of neuro-melioidosis. Repeat imaging revealed the rostral extension of the original spinal cord lesion into the medulla and pons. Over the next 4 weeks, the patient’s neurological deficits slowly improved with continued intravenous antibiotic therapy with meropenem and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
The Development Direction of Chinese Law in the Context of the Growth of the Internet Pornography Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet pornography industry has gradually emerged and taken on complex and diverse forms. This phenomenon not only severely impacts social morality but also poses a great threat to the physical and mental health of citizens, especially teenagers. China's existing laws have established a certain regulatory system for the Internet pornography industry, which has played an important role in cracking down on related illegal and criminal activities. However, in the face of the ever-changing new forms and characteristics of the Internet pornography industry, the current laws have revealed many deficiencies in terms of scope of application, law enforcement intensity, and regulatory coordination. This paper aims to analyze the current situation and characteristics of the development of the Internet pornography industry, systematically review China's current relevant legal provisions and the difficulties in their implementation. By drawing on advanced international legislative experience and combining it with China's national conditions, this paper explores the development direction of Chinese law from dimensions such as improving the legal system, strengthening law enforcement efforts, and enhancing regulatory coordination. The purpose is to provide useful theoretical references and practical guidelines for effectively curbing the spread of the Internet pornography industry and maintaining a healthy and orderly online environment.
Reclamation for a Bulk and Container Terminal Complex in a High Seismicity Region

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Pacific coast of Colombia is currently home to one of the biggest maritime infrastructure projects under development in Latin America. Located on the Aguadulce Peninsula, facing the Port of Buenaventura, with an area of more than 35 hectares, the land reclamation project is a key part of an $800 million program to develop the Boscoal (bulk handling) and SPIA (container) terminals. The Aguadulce Peninsula is a greenfield site, located in one of the highest seismic regions in the world. The site is characterized by the presence of thick layers of very soft marine sediments overlying stiffer layers of clay and mudstone. The site experiences heavy rainfall all year long and the portions of both terminals facing the sea can be exposed to tidal variations of up to 5 meters. This paper describes the technical solutions for the land reclamation implemented in the different upland portions of the two terminals and how the technical and logistic challenges brought about by the presence of soft soils, the high seismicity of the region, the remoteness of the site and lack of good fill soils were overcome. Because of the high cost of importing good quality fill materials, optimization of available in-situ materials for reuse as part of the land reclamation was necessary. Thus, a land reclamation concept consisting of lime stabilization of suitable in-situ soft materials was implemented. A combination of sheetpile bulkheads with tie-backs and soil-filled bags retained the stabilized soil fill. In areas with shallow soft soils, the reclamation involved partial removal of soft soils, whereas in areas with very thick soft soil layers subject to heavy operational loads, unsuitable soils were improved with rigid inclusions in varying patterns. To ensure adequate bearing capacity and global stability for the reclaimed zones, an extensive geo-structural study was undertaken. The studies examined the effects of the operational and seismic loads on the stability of the different fill retaining systems and backfilled zones during and after construction. When constructed, the upland portions of the terminals will provide the needed container and bulk storage needs of the terminals.
Simultaneous removal of NOxand SO2from NO-SO2-CO2-N2-O2gas mixtures by corona radical shower systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, an experimental investigation has been conducted to remove NOx and SO2 simultaneously from NO-SO2-CO2-N2-O2 gas mixtures using a d.c. corona discharge activated radical shower system. The gas mixtures consisted of NO-SO2-CO2-N2-O2([NO]o:200 ppm and [SO2]o:800 ppm) and the injection gas used as the radical source gas was NH3-Ar-air. The effect of NH3 radical injection rate on the NOx and SO2 removal efficiency and other by-product gases was measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), as well as SO2, NOx and NO2 gas detectors. By-product aerosol particles were also observed using a condensation nucleation particle counter (CNPC) and SEM imaging after sampling. The results showed that significant aerosol particle formation was observed during simultaneous NOx and SO2 removal by corona radical shower systems. Electrode surface conditions had a significant influence on the NOx and SO2 removal characteristics. The NOx removal efficiency significantly increased with increasing applied voltage and NH3 injection rate. The SO2 removal efficiency was not significantly affected by applied voltage and slightly increased with increasing acid gas to NH3 molecular ratio.
Establishing the robustness of short-tandem-repeat statistics for forensic applications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Before the introduction of a four-locus multiplex short-tandem-repeat (STR) system into casework, an extensive series of tests were carried out to determine robust procedures for assessing the evidential value of a match between crime and suspect samples. Twelve databases were analyzed from the three main ethnic groups encountered in casework in the United Kingdom: Caucasians, Afro-Caribbeans, and Asians from the Indian subcontinent. Independence tests resulted in a number of significant results, and the impact that these might have on forensic casework was investigated. It is demonstrated that previously published methods provide a simple procedure for correcting allele frequencies--and that this leads to conservative casework estimates of evidential value.
Investigating the Use of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV-LEDs) for the Inactivation of Bacteria in Powdered Food Ingredients

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The addition of contaminated powdered spices and seasonings to finished products which do not undergo further processing represents a significant concern for food manufacturers. To reduce the incidence of bacterial contamination, seasoning ingredients should be subjected to a decontamination process. Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have been suggested as an alternative to UV lamps for reducing the microbial load of foods, due to their increasing efficiency, robustness and decreasing cost. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of UV-LED devices for the inactivation of four bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella Typhimurium) on a plastic surface and in four powdered seasoning ingredients (onion powder, garlic powder, cheese and onion powder and chilli powder). Surface inactivation experiments with UV mercury lamps, UVC-LEDs and UVA-LEDs emitting at wavelengths of 254 nm, 270 nm and 365 nm, respectively, revealed that treatment with UVC-LEDs were comparable to, or better than those observed using the mercury lamp. Bacterial reductions in the seasoning powders with UVC-LEDs were less than in the surface inactivation experiments, but significant reductions of 0.75–3 log10 colony forming units (CFU) were obtained following longer (40 s) UVC-LED exposure times. Inactivation kinetics were generally nonlinear, and a comparison of the predictive models highlighted that microbial inactivation was dependent on the combination of powder and microorganism. This study is the first to report on the efficacy of UV-LEDs for the inactivation of several different bacterial species in a variety of powdered ingredients, highlighting the potential of the technology as an alternative to the traditional UV lamps used in the food industry.
Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria with phytase activity from sourdough

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wholemeal bread is strongly recommended due to its nutritional value. However, whole‐grain foods contain a high level of phytic acid, an antinutritional factor that decreases the mineral bioavailability. The objective of this study was isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria with phytase activity to find a suitable starter for bread‐making. Wheat–legume sourdoughs were prepared by the back‐slopping procedure. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the sourdough of wheat flour–mung bean, and their phytase activity was tested in the solid and liquid media. Out of the nine phytase‐active isolates in the solid medium, only three isolates produced extracellular phytase in the liquid medium with activity ranging from 16.3 to 53.2 (U/ml). These isolates belonged to species Weissella confusa mk.zh95 and Pediococcus pentosaceus . The highest phytase activity was found for Weissella confusa mk.zh95 . Weissella confusa mk.zh95 is considered an interesting source of phytase during cereals and legumes fermentation which improves the bioavailability of minerals.
High-level expression of hepatitis B virus HBx gene and hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We studied the development of liver tumors in male HBx gene transgenic mice. Of two lineages studied, in the lineage with the lowest HBx gene expression liver tumors developed only in an incidence comparable with that in normal CD-1 strain, whereas 84% of male mice with a high level of the HBx gene product succumbed to liver neoplasia, indicating that continued HBx gene expression higher than a certain threshold level may be necessary for the development of hepatic neoplasia. Sixty-five mice from a lineage with a high level of HBx expression were then followed throughout their 24-mo lifespan. The livers of transgenic mice showed foci of cellular alteration with cytoplasmic vacuolations around the central veins from the age of 2 mo, but these foci did not expand progressively by the age of 12 mo. Immunostaining demonstrated such hepatocytes had higher expression of HBx protein than surrounding cells. Neoplastic lesions including liver cell adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas developed from the age of 13 mo. By bromodeoxyuridine labeling analysis, hepatocytes in altered foci were found to have increased DNA synthesis, whereas no labeling was observed in age- and sex-matched nontransgenic littermate controls. Furthermore, DNA content analysis revealed the existence of several small aneuploid peaks in the transgenic liver before the age of tumor development. These results suggest that the continued expression of HBx gene may initiate a complex process to hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing DNA synthesis and placing large numbers of hepatocytes subjective to secondary events for transformation. (Hepatology 1994;19:810-819.)
UV wavelengths experienced during development affect larval newt visual sensitivity and predation efficiency

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We experimentally investigated the influence of developmental plasticity of ultraviolet (UV) visual sensitivity on predation efficiency of the larval smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris . We quantified expression of SWS1 opsin gene (UV-sensitive protein of photoreceptor cells) in the retinas of individuals who had developed in the presence (UV+) or absence (UV−) of UV light (developmental treatments), and tested their predation efficiency under UV+ and UV− light (testing treatments). We found that both SWS1 opsin expression and predation efficiency were significantly reduced in the UV− developmental group. Larvae in the UV− testing environment displayed consistently lower predation efficiency regardless of their developmental treatment. These results prove for the first time, we believe, functional UV vision and developmental plasticity of UV sensitivity in an amphibian at the larval stage. They also demonstrate that UV wavelengths enhance predation efficiency and suggest that the magnitude of the behavioural response depends on retinal properties induced by the developmental lighting environment.
Manipulators of Vichy Propaganda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Vichy regime did have an ideology, however contradictory it was to prove, and, for various reasons, it was able to motivate a significant number of educated people to manipulate the vast bureaucratic machine it created to effect the restoration of France. This chapter provides an attempt to do just that in a very small way since the two manipulators of Vichy propaganda chosen are, in no statistical way, representative. Weber has already penetrated Vichy incontestably, with his assertion that 'Many Frenchmen were Maurrasian without knowing it'. Matters of 'information', 'propaganda' and 'censorship' were not the creation of the Vichy regime. The 'professional' Vichyssois may have been able to leave Limoges for an obscurity which, in the climate of the summer of 1944, was no doubt welcome. Farmer's regionalism provided an ideological bridge for his subsequent rehabilitation after Vichy, symbolised in a modern, private housing estate to the north of Limoges by the Rue Rene Farnier.
Epitope Mapping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Neutralizing Antibodies by Native Mass Spectrometry and Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a global public health concern due to its epidemiological distribution and the existence of multiple strains. Neutralizing antibodies against this infection have shown efficacy in in vivo studies. Thus, elucidation of the epitopes of neutralizing antibodies can aid in the design and development of effective vaccines against different strains of JEV. Here, we describe a combination of native mass spectrometry (native-MS) and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to complete screening of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against JEV E-DIII to identify epitope regions. Native-MS was used as a first pass to identify the antibodies that formed a complex with the target antigen, and it revealed that seven of the eight monoclonal antibodies underwent binding. Native mass spectra of a MAb (JEV-27) known to be non-binding showed broad native-MS peaks and poor signal, suggesting the protein is a mixture or that there are impurities in the sample. We followed native-MS with HDX-MS to locate the binding sites for several of the complex-forming antibodies. This combination of two mass spectrometry-based approaches should be generally applicable and particularly suitable for screening of antigen–antibody and other protein–protein interactions when other traditional approaches give unclear results or are difficult, unavailable, or need to be validated.