jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
English Language Needs Analysis for Merchandise Sellers at Borobudur Temple

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

English nowadays, plays a vital role not only in communication, but also in the economic growth of merchandise sellers in tourism destinations. They have to equip their skills with English in order to communicate with foreign tourists while offering their commodities. Unfortunately, not all sellers are able to use English properly. This paper, aspires to discover the English needs by several merchandise sellers in one of the most popular tourism destinations in Indonesia. Several merchandise sellers who sold clothes, toys, miniatures, and more were interviewed and their selling activities were observed during data collection process, to gather various English language functions they used. The findings of the study were classified into themes, and analyze actual English needs by the merchandise sellers within their specific contexts. Even though the number of sellers who were able to speak English appropriately was low, they use simple English when they interact with foreign tourists who came to their stalls.
Considerations regarding legal liability in the matter of insolvency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The insolvency procedure involves a special legal liability characterized by a combination of the general conditions of tortious civil liability and the special conditions provided by the Insolvency Law. Attracting legal liability is the expression of the principle of liability for the debts of the legal entity debtor, to which the members of the management, administration and supervision bodies of the legal entity are responsible, as well as any other persons who caused the insolvency of the debtor with regard to the facts expressly provided for and limited by law The exact determination of the liability and implicitly, the extent of the liability of the persons who caused the state of insolvency is carried out by the syndic judge on the basis of the administered evidence.
ChemInform Abstract: Limonoids from Melia toosendan (Meliaceae) and Their Antifeedant Activity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cis-Selectivity in the Pictet-Spengler Reaction and Studies Towards the Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Previous work in our group as been directed towards the synthesis of (+)-ajmaline, a biologically important indole alkaloid. Its total synthesis was completed in the 1990s. An important early step in its total synthesis from D-tryptophan is the trans-selective Pictet-Spengler reaction. However, in our hands, we are able to force cis-selectivity in the reaction which allows us to begin our work towards its synthesis from the cheaper L-tryptophan.The group?s previous progress had reached a key ring cyclisation step; however it was discovered that this step was sensitive to the type of protecting group on the Nb-nitrogen. The benzyl protecting group, which was originally in place, was found to position the electrophilic aldehyde group too far away from the nucleophile for the reaction to take place. Therefore, the previous work was re-investigated and the purposely-chosen pivaloyl Nb-protecting group was employed early in the new synthesis. The synthesis was progressed to the afore-mentioned cyclisation step whilst improving some of the individual steps.The conditions that allow for the observed cis-selectivity in the Pictet-Spengler reaction have only recently been developed. Further investigations now reveal that the temperature and the nature of the C(3) and C(5) substituents have a direct effect on the observed selectivity. Cis-specificity is generally achieved when the reaction is conducted at low temperature and both substituents contain a potential ?-stacking group. However, it is still unclear whether it is the interaction of the potential ?-stacking groups that is responsible for cis-specificity in this reaction.
Bacterial interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in a pulmonary infection context

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis patients suffer from polymicrobial lung infections. The main agents of clinical interest are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These two bacteria co-infect up to 40% of patients and are able, under these conditions, to interact in two different ways. P. aeruginosa strains of early infection are in competition with S. aureus, while strains of chronic infection can coexist. The latter state remains little described but could favour the persistence of the two pathogens in the lungs of the patients. We therefore seek to understand the mechanism of this coexistence state by studying clinical strains. We first studied the impact of coexistence on P. aeruginosa physiology using a transcriptomic approach and highlighted a trophic cooperation between the two species. Acetoin production by S. aureus and catabolism by P. aeruginosa thus promote the survival of both pathogens during their interaction. Meanwhile, we studied the genetic factors of P. aeruginosa involved in establishing and maintaining coexistence with S. aureus. Different approaches have been used: (i) sequencing of strains isolated from patients with different interaction states; (ii) the implementation of an experimental in vitro evolution protocol and (iii) the screening of a Transposon-sequencing bank of mutants. These approaches allowed the identification of two factors involved in the establishment of coexistence: the gene encoding the quorum sensing regulator lasR, and the operon yecS-fliY responsible for cysteine transport. The survival of P. aeruginosa during coexistence with S. aureus seems to involve the synthesis of different amino acids and the glucose metabolism of P. aeruginosa. Altogether, these results demonstrated the importance of P. aeruginosa carbon metabolism for the coexisting interaction with S. aureus, and allowed a better understanding of the causes and impacts of coexistence. This work also opens numerous perspectives in the study of the relationship between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus
Neural-Network-Based Adaptive Feedback Linearization Control for 6-DOF Wave Compensation Platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ocean resource exploration expands into deep and ultra-deep waters, which has posed great challenges to the 6-DOF parallel platform that requires to finish the long-span and high-velocity wave compensation task with high precision and anti-interference ability. The control strategy employed in the asymmetric hydraulic system of large aspect ratio requires more careful considerations when operating in the harsh and severe environment. An adaptive feedback linearization control strategy was proposed by employing the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for identification. First, a nonlinear model of the asymmetric hydraulic system was established. Then, an adaptive controller was designed based on RBFNN and feedback linearization. Finally, simulations were performed by using MATLAB/Simulink under the five-stage wave environment at a 90° wave encounter angle and under the external interference condition. The result shows that this method has a good traceability and robustness compared to classic PID and sliding mode control methods, which is more suitable in control of the wave compensation platform in complex sea conditions. The new controller can significantly increase the compensation accuracy and anti-interference ability, and provide a workbench for the 6-DOF parallel platform operation in deep waters.
Difference in arginine vasopressin responsive cAMP production between apical and basolateral membrane of cultured renal epithelial cells(MDCK).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been reported that vasopressin (AVP)-sensitive renal epithelial cell line (MDCK) forms morphologically polarized monolayers when cultured on plates. We studied whether the AVP-responsive cAMP production system would be located solely on the basolateral surface of these cells as has already been shown on the renal tubules. We used two methods to overcome the inaccessibility to the basolateral surface of the cultured cell layer and to study the apical and basolateral surfaces separately. One was culture on collagen sheet and the other was on Millipore filters. Our experiments showed that MDCK cell increased adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) content prominently only when vasopressin was accessible to the basolateral surface. Accordingly, MDCK cells were shown to have the AVP-responsive cAMP production system predominantly on the basolateral surface of the cell membrane.
A combined molecular simulation-molecular theory method applied to a polyatomic molecule in a dense solvent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Simulation of small molecules, polymers, and proteins in dense solvents \nis an important class of problems both for processing the materials in liquids \nand for simulation of proteins in physiologically relevant solvent states. \nHowever, these simulations are expensive and sampling is inefficient due \nto the ubiquitous dense solvent. Even in the absence of the dense solvent, \nrigorous sampling of the configurational space of chain molecules \nand polypeptides with traditional Metropolis Monte-Carlo, or molecular dynamics \nis difficult due to long time scales associated with equilibration. In \nthis paper we discuss a series of configurational-bias Monte-Carlo (CBMC) \nsimulations that use a rigorous molecular theory based implicit solvent to \nachieve an efficient sampling of a chain molecule in a dense liquid solvent. \nThe molecular theory captures solvent packing around the chain molecule \nas well as the energetic effects of solvent-polymer interactions. It also accounts \nfor entropic effects in the solvent.
Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Gastric Cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world.Currently, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a valuable tool for detection, staging, surveillance, and post-treatment evaluation of gastric neoplasm.Objective: The aim of this work is to clarify the role of multidetector CT in diagnosis and preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma.Patients and methods: The present study was conducted between October 2017 and June 2019 on 60 patients (26 males and 34 females) with age ranged from 28 to 73 years with mean age of 53 years.The patients were complaining of symptoms of gastric cancer or as a follow-up study for gastric cancer, referred to the CT Unit in Tanta University Hospital, Tanta Oncology Center and Health Insurance Hospital from the Oncology Department.Results: In our study we found that there was a significant relationship between pathological and CT staging by using MPR.CT with MPR was specific and accurate in diagnosis of all stages of gastric cancer with specificity ranged between (95-100%) and accuracy ranged between (94.5-97.5%).However, it showed lowest sensitivity in diagnosis of stage 1 of gastric cancer.On the other hand, it showed highest sensitivity (97.5%) in diagnosis of stage IV.Conclusion: MSCT is a valuable tool for detection, staging, surveillance, and post-treatment evaluation of gastric neoplasm.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Patients with Epilepsy Using Nonparametric Modeling

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Topiramate (TPM) is used for the treatment of various epileptic seizures and the prevention of migraine. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and identify covariates that influence TPM behavior in patients with epilepsy in Kuwait. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 108 patients (2 years old and above) with epilepsy who were treated with oral TPM and 174 TPM blood samples from 3 hospitals in Kuwait from 2009 to 2016. Data were randomly divided into 2 groups for model development and validation. The population pharmacokinetic model was built using the nonparametric modeling algorithm (Pmetrics). The model was evaluated internally through the visual predictive check method and externally using a new data set. Results: A 1-compartment model with first-order elimination fitted the data well. Covariates showing a significant effect on the elimination rate constant were renal function and coadministration of carbamazepine (CBZ). The mean estimated clearance was 2.11 L/h; this was 50% higher for patients coadministered with CBZ. Age and sex were essential covariates for the volume of distribution (V). The visual predictive check of the final model could predict the measured concentrations. External validation further confirmed the favorable predictive performance of the model with low bias and imprecision for predicting the concentration in a particular population. Conclusions: TPM elimination was increased with CBZ coadministration and was affected by renal function. Meanwhile, age and sex were the main predictors for V. The predictive performance of the final model proved to be valid internally and externally.
Physical Borders

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I have previously argued that both official British discourse and British popular sentiment articulated Germany’s invasion of Belgium and its air raids on England as a violation of the proper spatial organization of war: civilians, according to this English view, were supposed to occupy safe havens, soldiers were supposed to occupy war zones, and the two kinds of space were not supposed to intersect. Thus Germany’s invasion of a neutral country and its shelling of British civilian targets were both condemned as transgressions of this spatial organization, but it was the “rape of Belgium” (both figurative and literal) that became for England the most powerful symbol of German transgression. In this chapter, I examine ways in which charges of rape, along with the British attempt to substantiate those charges, raised the issue of factuality in a way similar to the way in which the same issue reverberates through modernism. The “rape of Belgium” provides a historical context in which the modernist mistrust of factuality may be more clearly understood. Elaine Scarry has analyzed the disputes that lead to war in a way that reveals their imaginative underpinnings: In the dispute that leads to war, a belief on each side that has “cultural reality” for that side’s population is exposed as a “cultural fiction”: that is, by being continually called into question, it begins to become recognizable to its own population as an “invented structure” rather than existing as it did in peacetime as one that (though on reflection invented) could be unselfconsciously entered into as though it were a naturally occurring “given” of the world. . . . Whatever the particular descriptions that have collided, what has always collided is each population’s
MindTactics: A Brain Computer Interface gaming platform

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During the last couple of decades, there has been an exponential improvement in neuroimaging technologies that allowed researchers noninvasive assessment of cognitive workload, short term memory, and spatial/navigational behaviors in humans. Through the use of new experimental paradigms and brain imaging devices, researchers have gained deeper insight into the neural correlates of emotion, cognition and motor control. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems utilize neuroimaging tools to detect brain activation evoked by a specific thinking process and convert it to a command. We have developed a game environment called "MindTactics" as a test platform for BCI devices to conceptualize experimental cognitive paradigms in ecologically valid environments as well as test BCI gameplay paradigms. Unlike traditional video games where the challenge to the user is the designed game mechanics, BCI based gameplay also involves mastering the use of the BCI device itself. The purpose of this project is to develop compelling BCI game design methods. MindTactics is capable of integrating data from multiple devices including the optical brain imaging based BCI developed at Drexel University, and it records behavioral log files for further analysis.
Culture surface influence on T-cell phenotype and function

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

When dealing with T lymphocyte culture there is currently very less information available about the interaction between T-cells and the culture system. In this study we look at the influence of the culture chamber on T-cell proliferation in two main aspects of the culture system, namely: culture chamber material and geometry. The study was carried out using unique polymeric closed cell culture inserts, which were processed via injection moulding from polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polyetherurethane (PEU), polystyrene-co-acrylonitrile (PSAN) and polyetherimide (PEI). Furthermore culture chamber geometry was studied using commercially available 24, 12 and 6-well plates prepared from tissue culture plastic (TCP). For T lymphocyte stimulation two methods were used involving either EBV peptide pools or MACS iBead particles depending on the experiment performed. Culture was done with 1645 RPMI medium supplemented with foetal calf serum, penicillin, streptomycin and rhIL-2. We found four materials out of five we tested (PS, PC, PSAN and PEI) exhibited similar fold expansions with minimal influence on proportions of CD4 and CD8, while PEU had a negative influence on T cell growth along with adversely affected CD4/CD8 proportions. Changes in the geometry of TCP had no effect on T cell growth or maturation rather the size of geometry seems to have more influence on proliferation. T-cells appear to prefer smaller geometries during initial stages of culture while towards the end of the culture size becomes less significant to cell proliferation. The parameters tested in this study have significant influences on T-cell growth and are necessary to consider when designing and constructing expansion systems for antigen specific T lymphocytes. This is important when culturing T-cells for immunotherapeutic applications where antigen specificity, T-cell maturation and function should remain unaffected during culture.
Studies on Combining Ability in Rice Bean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Combining ability studies in rice bean (Vign. umbellata (Thumb) Ohwi and Ohashi) revealed that both the additive and non additive gene effects were important for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant. The cultivars RB-56, CXM-12-P3 and CXM-8-P2 were the best general combiners on the basis of their GCA effects. The crosses RB-56 × CXM-12-P3 and RB-56 × CXM-8-P2 were found to be better for most of the yield components. Bi-parental mating system was suggested for improvement of rice bean.
Aglomeración, aprendizaje colectivo y transmisión de conocimiento: revisión de la literatura.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Existe una extensa literatura que pone su atención en los derrames de conocimiento como determinantes externos de la capacidad de innovación de las empresas. Estos derrames están asociados a las externalidades positivas que se reciben del entorno en materia de conocimiento; las cuales podrían ser tecnológicas (efectos de propagación del conocimiento disponible para todo el mundo) o pecuniarias (asociadas a la concentración del conocimiento en unas determinadas redes, en las que intervienen trabajadores, proveedores, infraestructuras e instituciones especializadas). Tanto los economistas industriales como los regionales destacan la importancia de dichos desbordamientos. Sin embargo, existen diferencias importantes entre estos dos grupos; mientras para el primero, el mero contacto cara a cara explica la transferencia de conocimiento a nivel local: para los economistas regionales son clave los procesos socializados de creación del mismo.
Determination of tricyclazole fungicide in rice using lc-ms/ms and its risk assessment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An analytical method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) along with QuEChERS method of sample preparation was developed and validated for the determination of tricyclazole residues in rice. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the method was 0.002 μg g−1. The average recovery was in the range of 91.21 to 99.75 per cent with relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 10 per cent for the spiked concentrations at 0.002, 0.01 and 0.02 μg g−1. The method was successfully applied to analyse rice samples collected from the local markets. Residues of tricyclazole were detected in 45 per cent of the samples, of which 31.37 per cent contained it above the maximum residue level (MRL, 0.01 mg kg−1) fixed by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Assessment of the human risk suggested that the rice at the contaminated detected levels has minimal contribution to toxicological risks as it recorded hazard index value of less than 1. However, precautionary measures for the consumer safety are suggested. The present method could be adopted for monitoring tricyclazole residues in rice samples.
Bridging the Mental Health Gap: Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Nigerian Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of mental health disorders, making early identification during this time essential for enabling targeted interventions and preventing long-term adverse consequences. Globally, one in seven adolescents experiences poor mental health, including depression and anxiety, yet many countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, face a scarcity of mental healthcare provisions. Tools like the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assesses emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents, offer a potential solution for identifying issues early. However, its applicability in non-Western, sub-Saharan African contexts, requires further scrutiny. This study assesses the psychometric properties of the SDQ in a representative sample of N=2,178 (n=1,366 female, age 10-19, mean age = 14.758, SD=1.902) in Oyo state, Nigeria, specifically examining the measure’s factor structure and measurement invariance across demographic groups such as sex, age, parental education, and marital status. Our results demonstrate that the original 5-factor model of the SDQ did not fit well for the Nigerian sample, consistent with previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Interestingly, a 3-factor model previously proposed for Nigerian contexts (Apka et al., 2016) also did not achieve good model fit, necessitating further psychometric probing. We found that a slightly modified 5-factor model (releasing items of Q02 ‘I am restless’, Q05 ‘I get very angry’ and Q06 ‘I am usually on my own’) showed excellent fit, but some overlap between emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and peer issues suggests that the SDQ’s constructs may need further adaptation for cultural specificity. We also established that the SDQ exhibited full scalar invariance across sex and age groups, supporting its utility in diverse demographic groups. However, partial scalar invariance across parental marital status indicates that family dynamics may influence responses to certain items. These findings underscore the importance of refining the SDQ for use in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the need for culturally appropriate tools to address adolescent mental health challenges in diverse settings.