jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Self-Citation and Immediacy Index of Iranian Medical Scientific Journals Indexed in Scopus Citation Index Between 2005 and 2009

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Self-citation, as one of the limitations of citation analysis, unusually affects the ranking of journals. This study aims to evaluate the degree of relationship between self-citation and immediacy index correlation of Iranian medical journals indexed in Scopus Citation Index between 2005 and 2009. Materials and Methods: The method of the study is survey-descriptive in which citation analysis is used. The study included all Iran-based English medical journals indexed in Scopus database up to May 2009. The control list was prepared and its validity was confirmed. Data were collected by referring to Scopus website and publication review resources, and analyzed by statistical software and appropriate methods. Results: The findings showed that self-citation rate of journals was 29.64 percent, which comprised 14.43 percent of the total number of citations. There was a significant relationship (at the level of 0.01) between self-citation rate and immediacy index of journals (p = 0.591). Besides, Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the number of journals articles and the journals immediacy indexes excluding self-citation during the years of study. Conclusion: Self-citation has a direct effect on journals immediacy index; that is, an increase in the rate of self-citation causes an artificial increase in the journals immediacy index. On the other hand, immediacy index is affected by the number of journal articles. Therefore, the reduction or elimination of self-citation seems to be necessary for the journals and can put them in their right place.
Lack of efficacy of the selective iNOS inhibitor GW274150 in prophylaxis of migraine headache

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of the highly selective iNOS inhibitor GW274150 in prophylaxis of migraine headache. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in two parts, each comprising a 4-week baseline period, a 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group treatment period, and a 4-week follow-up period. The study had an adaptive design in that findings of Part 1 of the study were used to inform the conduct of Part 2. Following an interim analysis at the end of Part 1, the trial could be stopped for futility or continued in Part 2 to study the full-dose response or to increase sample size in case initial assumptions had been violated. The primary end-point in both parts of the study was the probability of the occurrence of a migraine headache day during the baseline period and the treatment period. Results: In Part 1, adult male and female patients with migraine received GW274150 60 mg ( n = 37), 120 mg ( n = 37), or placebo ( n = 38) once daily for 12 weeks. In Part 2, female patients with migraine received GW274150 60 mg ( n = 160) or placebo ( n = 154) once daily for 12 weeks. GW274150 was no more effective than placebo for the primary efficacy end-point or any secondary efficacy end-point in Part 1 or Part 2. GW274150 was generally well tolerated. Conclusions: GW274150 at doses predicted to inhibit iNOS >80% did not differ from placebo in the prophylaxis of migraine. The results do not support a role of iNOS inhibition in migraine prevention.
«I can not Compromise on Principles»

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the article, the author analyzes the evolution of the principles of the Russian civil procedure in recent times. It is stated that many provisions of procedural legislation that were considered principles have now lost their signiﬁcance, have changed or are missing. This may mean a qualitative change in the process, in many ways the loss of its essence. This is especially evident in the example of writ proceedings. Unlike some scientists, the author considers this type of proceedings in fact to be legal proceedings and justice, demonstrating the result of disregard for the principles of justice, degradation of the rules of court proceedings. The author discusses how the legal community can convey their concerns about this to the legislator. The author expresses hope for the restoration of the signiﬁcance of the principles of the process. Hope is based on the idea of the cyclical evolution of principles and on healthy conservatism as a direction in politics.
In&nbsp;Vivo Imaging-Based 3-Dimensional Pelvic Prototype Models to Improve Education Regarding Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p><b>Background</b>: Myths, misconceptions, and taboos about sexual anatomy and physiology are common and can affect sexual health and maintain harmful practices and beliefs.</p> \n<p><b>Aim</b>: To construct a female and a preliminary male 3-dimensional (3D) pelvic model on the basis of in&nbsp;vivo imaging, which could be studied in sex education and clinical practice.</p> \n<p><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively studied the images of 200 female pelvic magnetic resonance examinations and reviewed the literature to choose the optimum magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for the study of the clitoris and surrounding organs. We also conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 women who were undergoing a pelvic MRI. 15 women had undergone female genital mutilation/cutting involving the clitoris and 15 had not. The best-quality MRI images of 3 uncut and 1 cut clitoris, together with the principal surrounding pelvic organs, were selected to generate 3D reconstructions using dedicated software. The same software was used to reconstruct the anatomy of the penis and the principal surrounding pelvic organs, based on contrast-enhanced computer tomography images. Images of both models were exported in .stl format and cleaned to obtain single manifold objects in free, open source software. Each organ model was sliced and 3D printed. A preliminary feedback was collected from 13 potential users working in urology, gynaecology, sexual medicine, physiotherapy, and education.</p> \n<p><b>Outcomes</b>: The main outcomes of this study are a kit of 3D pelvic models, 2-dimensional figures of female and male sexual anatomy, and files for 3D printing.</p> \n<p><b>Results</b>: We present a kit containing 3D models and 2-dimensional figures of female and male sexual anatomy, based on in vivo imaging and, feedbacks and suggestions received from potential users.</p> \n<p><b>Clinical translation</b>: Our kit can be used in anatomy and sex education among and by health professionals, teachers, sex educators, students, and the general population.</p> \n<p><b>Strengths &amp; limitations</b>: The strengths are that the models were based on in&nbsp;vivo imaging, can be dismantled/reassembled, and show analogous anatomic structures of the clitoris and the penis. The female models represent diversity, including women with female genital mutilation/cutting. The limitations are that the male model is preliminary and can be improved if based on an MRI; that imaging-based anatomic representations can differ from anatomic dissections; and that the models represent the sexual organs at rest or during an unknown state of arousal only.</p> \n<p><b>Conclusion</b>: Our kit can be studied in anatomy, biology, and sex education, as well as in clinical practice. </p>
Renal replacement therapy could be initiated in patients with severe AKI, regardless of age and critical condition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clinical decision report using: Meersch M, Küllmar M, Schmidt C, et al. Long-Term Clinical Outcomes after Early Initiation of RRT in Critically Ill Patients with AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol. Mar 2018;29(3):1011-1019. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2017060694 for a critically ill elderly patient with severe acute kidney injury.
Famotidine, a Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist, Does Not Reduce Levodopa‐Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The neural mechanisms underlying levodopa‐induced dyskinesia ( LID ) in Parkinson's disease ( PD ) may involve histamine (H 2 ) receptors on striatopallidal pathways. We recently demonstrated that the clinically available oral histamine H 2 receptor antagonist (H 2 RA ), famotidine, can reduce l ‐dopa‐induced chorea in MPTP ‐lesioned macaques. We hypothesized that famotidine may be useful in the treatment of LID in PD patients. We performed a proof‐of‐concept, double‐blind, randomized, multiple cross‐over (4×) trial. Seven PD subjects with bothersome dyskinesia were randomized to oral famotidine 80, 120, and 160 mg/day and placebo. Each subject was randomized to receive each of the four treatment phases for 14 days followed by a 7‐day wash‐out period between each treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale ( UD ys RS ; part III ) between placebo and famotidine. Secondary outcomes were UD ys RS (parts I and II ), Global Impression of Change, Lang‐Fahn Activities of Daily Living Dyskinesia Scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating part III , and adverse events ( AE s). Outcomes were evaluated pre‐ and post‐treatment per dose and analyzed using a mixed‐effects linear model. There was no significant effect of famotidine treatment on any of the primary or secondary outcome measures compared to placebo (each dose and all doses combined). There were no significant AE s. Even though the sample size of the current study is limited, famotidine seems to be safe in patients with PD and LID , but showed no potential as an antidyskinetic agent.
Modes of Attentiveness: Reading for Difference in Geographies of Homelessness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Hegemonic accounts of urban homelessness, focusing on attempts to restrict homeless people's presence in public space, stress the punitive nature of current homelessness policy. In contrast, in this paper we explore the “messy middle ground” of the UK homeless services system. Examining Stacey Murphy's (2009) ( Antipode 41(2):305–325) arguments regarding a shift to a “post‐revanchist” era in San Francisco, we chart the apparent similarities between developments in San Francisco and changes to the management of street homelessness bought in to effect by the New Labour government in the UK, and assess the extent to which such developments might be read as holding in tension more obviously punitive and supportive trends usually viewed as necessarily oppositional. In the final part of the paper we present a re‐reading of recent changes to the management of street homelessness in the UK through a postsecular lens. We suggest that this lens provides the possibility for a much more optimistic reading of homeless services and of the grammars of homelessness and urban (in)justice more broadly, and make the case for an alternative mode of academic attentiveness open to sometimes subtle and smaller‐scale yet nonetheless important examples of different ways of understanding and doing.
A dark light: reflections on obsidian in Mesoamerica

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout Mesoamerica, from c. 1500 BC to the Spanish conquest and beyond, obsidian was centrally located in the physical and symbolic worlds of indigenous societies. The aesthetic engagement with obsidian, based on its unique physical properties in a world without metal tools, bestowed distinctive kinds of agency on artefacts made from this dark volcanic glass—especially as blades used for bloodletting and human sacrifice. Linked to landscape, cosmology and myth, obsidian attained its apotheosis as the Aztec deity Tezcatlipoca, 'Lord of the Smoking (Obsidian) Mirror'. After the conquest, its symbolic role was re-aligned. Used to decorate early Christian atrial crosses, it was viewed as adornment by Catholic priests, but as a syncretic continuation of pre-Columbian belief by native peoples.
Determination the Normal Parameters (amplitude and duration) of Electrocardiogram Waves in River Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) of Khuzestan

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An easy way to evaluate the cardiovascular system is recording the cardiac electrical activities. Reviewing the available literatures suggests that buffalos ECG compared to other large animals have been neglected and the carried out studies in this field are too limited. Using this method for the diagnosis of cardiac disorders needs the standardization, not only among animal species but also among different breeds of a species. The present study was performed to determine the normal parameters of electrocardiogram in 100 clinically healthy buffaloes of different ages and sexes. The buffaloes were divided into male and female and two age groups (less than 2.5, and more than 2.5 yrs.) on the base of dental formula. After taking the anamnesis and performing a clinical examination, electrocardiogram was obtained based on base - apex lead system with the paper speed of 25mm sec-1 and sensitivity of 10 mm mV-1 at rest. Results showed that regardless of age and sex, the median and interquartile range of P, R, S and T waves' amplitude (voltage) was, 0.18±0.04, 0.69±0.40, 0. 97± 0.31 and 0.20 ±0.25 mV, respectively and the duration of p wave, QRS complex, and T wave was determined 0.06 ±0.01, 0.06 ±0.01 and 0.08 ± 0.02 seconds, respectively. Only in a less than 2.5 years old female buffalo, Q wave was recorded, the amplitude of this wave was 0.07 mV. Statistical method showed that among different ECG parameters, there was significant difference between the two sexes (p< 0.05), only in amplitude of S wave. Also there were significant differencesbetween two age groups in all of the electrocardiogram parameters with the exception of P and R amplitude (p<0.05). It is concluded that the factors such as breed, ecology and behavior can affect normal electrocardiogram waves parameters.
Development of an MPS Code for Corium Behavior Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract After fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, phenomenology of serious accident has been paid more and more attention. And particle methods have a natural advantage in computational simulations involving deformation and free surfaces. The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method as a Lagrangian method is attracting increasing attention in severe accident analysis. In this paper, we developed an MPS code for the corium behavior analysis with several additional models added: a heat transfer model for thermal conductivity and a phase change model for Solid-liquid conversion, an enthalpy-based viscosity model to realize a smooth transition of viscosity at the solid-liquid interface and a surface tension model for better simulation of surface shape. Validation of the developed simulation approach is carried out with a classical water column collapse example. The heat transfer model is validated by the example of a one-dimensional plate. The surface tension model is validated by a case of droplet oscillation. A comprehensive example of the melting of “Wood’s alloy” is carried out to verify the capacity of MPS method in the simulation of melting and expansion. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that MPS method promises well in the field of severe accidents.
Abstract A141: Intratumoral depletion of regulatory T-cells using CD25-targeted photodynamic therapy induces antitumoral immune responses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tumor immunotherapy aims to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumors, and various approaches have been developed. Tumor-associated T regulatory cells (Tregs) suppress the activation and expansion of tumor antigen-specific effector T-cells, thus providing a permissive environment for tumor growth. Therefore, optimal strategies need to be established to deplete tumor-infiltrated Tregs because systemic depletion of Tregs can result in reduced anti-tumor effector cells and autoimmunity. Here, to deplete Tregs selectively in tumors, we intratumorally injected anti-CD25 antibodies conjugated to Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer that absorbs light to generate reactive oxygen species. Local depletion of tumor-associated Tregs by photodynamic therapy (PDT) inhibited tumor growth, which was likely due to the altered tumor immune microenvironment that was characterized by increased infiltration of CD8+ effector T-cells and the expression of IFN-γ and CD107a, which is cytolytic granule exocytosis marker, in tumor tissues. Furthermore, PDT-induced intratumoral Treg depletion did not influence adaptive immune responses in a murine influenza infection model. Thus, our results show that intratumoral Treg-targeted PDT could specifically modulate tumor microenvironments by depleting Tregs and could be used as a novel cancer immunotherapy technique. Citation Format: Heung Kyu Lee, Dong Sun Oh. Intratumoral depletion of regulatory T-cells using CD25-targeted photodynamic therapy induces antitumoral immune responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A141.
Radial and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall: Their relation to pulsatile pressure and flow in the artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the radial and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall in the context of pulsatile pressure and flow, and to understand their physiological implications for the cardiovascular system. A reexamination of the well-established one-dimensional governing equations for axial blood flow in the artery and the constitutive equation for the radial dilation of the arterial wall shows that two waves---a pulsatile pressure wave in the artery and a radial displacement wave in the arterial wall---propagate simultaneously along the arterial tree with the same propagation velocity, explaining why this velocity combines the physical properties and geometries of both the blood and the arterial wall. With consideration of their coupling, the governing equations for the radial motion and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall are derived separately. The driving force for the radial motion of the arterial wall arises from its longitudinal motion. The longitudinal motion of the arterial wall is the standard longitudinal elastic wave with two driving forces: one associated with the pulsatile flow rate and the other associated with the radial motion. These derived governing equations shed insights on some recent experimental findings in the literature, including the correlation of measured arterial wall stiffness (solely based on the radial motion) to its longitudinal motion, the decreasing trend of arterial wall distensibility from the aorta to the periphery, the underlying mechanism of the longitudinal motion pattern of the common carotid arterial wall, and the motion pattern variation in longitudinal motion with aging and diseases.
Nucleosome Position-Dependent and -Independent Activation of HIS7 Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Different Transcriptional Activators

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT ARO4 and HIS7 are two tandemly orientated genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are transcribed into the same direction. The ARO4 terminator and the HIS7 promoter regions are sensitive to Micrococcus nuclease (Mnase) and separated by a positioned nucleosome. The HIS7 promoter is target for the transcription factors Gcn4p and Bas1p/Bas2p that activate its transcription upon amino acid starvation and purine limitation, respectively. Activation of the HIS7 gene by Gcn4p overexpression but not by Bas1p/Bas2p releases an ordered nucleosome distribution to yield increased Mnase sensitivity throughout the intergenic region. This remodeling is SNF2 dependent but mostly GCN5 independent. Accordingly, SNF2 is necessary for the Gcn4p-mediated transcriptional activation of the HIS7 gene. GCN5 is required for activation upon adenine limitation by Bas1p/Bas2p. Our data suggest that activation of HIS7 transcription by Gcn4p and Bas1p/Bas2p is supported by a nucleosome position-dependent and -independent mechanism, respectively. Whereas Gcn4p activation causes Swi/Snf-mediated remodeling of the nucleosomal architecture at the HIS7 promoter, the Bas1p/Bas2p complex presumably activates in combination with Gcn5p-dependent histone acetylation.
Development and Application of a Vehicle-Mounted Soil Texture Detector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is of great significance to obtain soil texture information quickly for the realization of farmland management. Soil with good particle condition can well regulate the needs of plants for water, nutrients, air, and temperature during crop growth, thereby promoting high crop yields. The existing methods of measuring soil texture cannot meet the requirements of time and spatial resolution. For this reason, a vehicle-mounted soil texture detector was designed and developed based on machine vision and soil electrical conductivity devices. The detector does not require pretreatment such as air-drying and screening of the soil, and completely uses the original information of the farmland. The whole process can obtain the soil texture information in real time, omitting the complicated chemical process, and saving manpower and material resources. The vehicle-mounted detector is divided into a mechanical part, a control part, and a display part. The mechanical part provides measurement support for the acquisition of soil texture information; the control part collects and processes signals and images; the measurement results can be intuitively observed and recorded on the display, and can be operated through the mobile phone. The vehicle-mounted detector obtains soil conductivity through 4 disc electrodes, while the vehicle-mounted industrial camera captures the soil surface image, and extracts texture parameters through image processing, takes EC and texture parameters as input, and the embedded SVM model of the instrument was used to perform soil texture prediction. In order to verify the measurement accuracy of the detector, farmland verification experiments were carried out on farmland loam in Tongzhou District and Haidian District of Beijing. The R2 of the correlation between the measured value of soil EC and the actual value was 0.75, and the accuracy of soil texture prediction was 84.86%. It shows that the developed vehicle-mounted soil texture detector can meet the requirements for rapid acquisition of farmland texture information.
Bug splat: the art of the drone

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This review article considers a variety of artworks, including stories, poems, plays, photographs and films, to explore what ‘drone art’ or ‘drone aesthetics’ can tell us about the politics and ethics of drone operations or drone warfare. The article finds that the politics and the ethics are troublesome and troubling; and that the art illuminates some important issues, through the focus on the drone pilot or operator, and, more fundamentally, through the exposure of what has been called an ‘empathy gap’. The attention paid to the drone operator is admirable, as far as it goes. It has unquestionably served to demystify drone operations, and in a certain sense to humanize drone warfare. Democracy is founded upon visibility. To see the drone, it will be necessary to capture it, and contemplate it, from different points of view.