jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rock glacier surface motion in Beacon Valley, Antarctica, from synthetic‐aperture radar interferometry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We present radar interferograms of rock glaciers in the Beacon Valley sector of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, in East Antarctica, as part of a comprehensive study of surface processes in the area. Due to the relative absence of net precipitation (snow) in this region and the stability of the surface, the rock glaciers maintain excellent coherence of the radar returns over several years. As a result, we obtain a spatially continuous surface velocity field with a precision of fractions of a millimeter per year. On distinct rock glaciers entering Beacon Valley, we find coherent velocity patterns, with peak velocities approaching 40 mm per year. The ice supply from these rock glaciers nourishes the central portion of Beacon Valley, where velocities are found to be vanishingly small, and partly compensates for mass losses induced by sublimation. This analysis is consistent with the tantalizing notion that Beacon Valley ice is the oldest on Earth.
From Chaplin to Charlie--cocaine, Hollywood and the movies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the history of cinema, the use of drugs such as opiates and marijuana has been consistently condemned or has passed through distinct phases from opprobrium to celebration. But because of both its image and functionality within the film industry, the framing of cocaine use has been more ambivalent and fluctuating. The period prior to World War II saw cocaine use portrayed both in comic situations and in so-called exploitation films which more closely mirrored sensational press coverage where cocaine was viewed as the 'gateway' drug to opiates. Cocaine largely disappeared from the recreational drugs scene until the late 1960s. Since then, films as diverse as Easy Rider (1969), Annie Hall (1977), Scarface (1983) and Clean and Sober (1988) have framed cocaine use and dealing variously as comic, heroic, glamorous, as well as damaging. This contrasts with crack cocaine in the context of black cinema in the 1980s and 1990s where settings of violence and death predominate. With the cocaine cartels as the focus, Traffic (2000) questions for the first time in a Hollywood movie, the efficacy of the 'war on drugs' while the cocaine trafficking film Blow (2001) returns to a more traditional Hollywood view of vice punished.
(Imagining) Erotic Mutuality: Negotiating Difference in Sexual Orientation in an Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article explores the clinical limitations of an exclusive adherence to the oedipal paradigm for the understanding of erotic material in the transference/countertransference in analytic treatments where the participants identify with differing sexual orientations. Its central argument posits that possibilities for recognizing developmentally significant, evolved connections with patients of all genders and sexual orientations is subtly circumscribed when understanding of these phenomena is partitioned chiefly by the “either/or” of a positive or negative form of oedipal desire. The argument goes on to query and challenge formulations of a universal bisexuality as a satisfactory resolution to this conundrum, again, particularly when the 2 analytic partners claim different sexual orientations. Part object relations as residue of an early and ubiquitous polymorphous perversity are proposed as useful theoretical and clinical alternatives. Case material is also provided.
Evaluation’s Race Problem in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite political and rhetorical pronouncements of a reduction in racism, growing inequity in U.S. society continues to feature race as a prominent fault line with no evidence of reduction on the horizon. Of significant concern is the degree to which inequity among racially identified subgroups of the population link to policies and practices of local, state, and federal government and thereby influence the operation and evaluation of important programs and services. Evaluation as a principal tool of knowledge creation on behalf of government and the public trust must examine its role with respect to these alarming trends and potential vulnerability. The author examines how race and racism (particularly as focused on African American communities) may influence the theories, models, practices, and techniques of evaluation and calls for creation of an ongoing forum in the American Journal of Evaluation where these critical issues can receive thoughtful and continuous attention from the field.
Effects of NH3 PECVD treatment time on the performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes for antibody immobilization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work presents an amino plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (NH 3 PECVD) treatment to modify multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the immobilization of antibodies (IgG‐gold), and the effects of treatment time were studied. A titanium nitride (TiN) buffer layer and a nickel catalyst layer were deposited on silicon substrates for synthesis of MWCNTs using thermal CVD. The MWCNTs were modified by amine (NH 2 − ) or amino (NH − ) functional groups for 1, 3, and 5 min by PECVD, respectively. Mouse IgG‐golds were immobilized on the modified MWCNTs using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The performance of the modified MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), contact angle system (CA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA), and UV–visible spectroscopy. Results show that the efficiency of IgG‐gold immobilization was increased with the increase of NH 3 PECVD treatment time. The NH 3 PECVD treatment changed the surface properties of the MWCNTs, tuning them more hydrophilic without affecting their structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1343–1351, 2016.
Rubber elasticity of preswollen polymer networks: Highly crosslinked vinyl–divinyl systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rubber elasticity of highly crosslinked, preswollen network polymers is studied. Copolymers of tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate with ethyl acrylate, n ‐butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene covering the whole range of composition are investigated. Dioctyl phthalate is used to preswell the polymers up to 50% by volume. Both shear moduli and front factors are found to increase with increasing crosslink concentration but to decrease with increasing diluent content. Crosslinking efficiencies are determined by a modified Loshaek‐Fox method. They are relatively invariant with the degree of preswelling. Factors contributing toward these observations are discussed.
Percolation may explain efficiency, robustness, and economy of the brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The brain consists of billions of neurons connected by ultra-dense synapses, showing remarkable efficiency, robust flexibility, and economy in information processing. It is generally believed that these advantageous properties are rooted in brain connectivity; however, direct evidence remains absent owing to technical limitations or theoretical vacancy. This research explores the origins of these properties in the largest yet brain connectome of the fruit fly. We reveal that functional connectivity formation in the brain can be explained by a percolation process controlled by synaptic excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance. By increasing the E/I balance gradually, we discover the emergence of these properties as byproducts of percolation transition when the E/I balance arrives at 3:7. As the E/I balance keeps increase, an optimal E/I balance 1:1 is unveiled to ensure these three properties simultaneously, consistent with previous in vitro experimental predictions. Once the E/I balance reaches over 3:2, an intrinsic limitation of these properties determined by static (anatomical) brain connectivity can be observed. Our work demonstrates that percolation, a universal characterization of critical phenomena and phase transitions, may serve as a window toward understanding the emergence of various brain properties.
Basic Concepts of Anesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is expected that surgeons have detailed and nuanced knowledge of the procedures they perform. It is equally necessary that surgeons have a working knowledge of anesthesia because it is important in patient selection for surgery, and for intraoperative factors including patient positioning and invasive monitoring. Proper care of the operative patient requires excellent communication and coordination between the surgical and anesthetic team. Providing optimal perioperative care for the patient requires the surgeon to understand the risks and benefits of each anesthetic approach and to relay potential portions of the procedure that may have a profound impact on the patient’s physiology so the anesthesiologist can properly prepare for it. With the increasing complexity of patients and the operations being performed, this ensures the best possible outcome. This review contains 6 figures, 13 tables, and 142 references. Key words: Local anesthetic, regional anesthesia, general anesthesia, sedation, cardiovascular risks, preoperative evaluation, difficult airway, perioperative medications, surgical risk calculators
Identification of novel dysregulated circular RNAs in early‐stage breast cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer‐related death in women worldwide. Non‐coding RNAs are a potential resource to be used as an early diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. Circular RNAs are a recently identified group of non‐coding RNA with a significant role in disease development with potential utility in diagnosis/prognosis in cancer. In this study, we identified 26 differentially expressed circular RNAs associated with early‐stage breast cancer. RNA sequencing and two circRNA detection tools (find_circ and DCC) were used to understand the circRNA expression signature in breast cancer. We identified hsa_circ_0006743 (circJMJD1C) and hsa_circ_0002496 (circAPPBP1) to be significantly up‐regulated in early‐stage breast cancer tissues. Co‐expression analysis identified four pairs of circRNA‐miRNA (hsa_circ_0023990 : hsa‐miR‐548b‐3p, hsa_circ_0016601 : hsa_miR‐1246, hsa_circ_0001946 : hsa‐miR‐1299 and hsa_circ_0000117:hsa‐miR‐502‐5p) having potential interaction. The miRNA target prediction and network analysis revealed mRNA possibly regulated by circRNAs. We have thus identified circRNAs of diagnostic implications in breast cancer and also observed circRNA‐miRNA interaction which could be involved in breast cancer development.
Labor's reconciliation with federalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Until the 1960s, the federal Labor party was formally pledged to the abolition of federalism and its replacement by a system in which the central government would have plenary powers and the states only delegated administrative responsibilities. This article examines how the ALP's platform was progressively changed during the 1960s and 1970s. The modification of Labor's commitment to abolish federalism and the Senate was due partly to a more realistic sense of what was feasible and partly to a more sophisticated approach towards working the existing system. But, as well, Labor's social and economic goals had been moderated to ones that were congenial to middle Australia and private enterprise. Progressive changes to Labor's platform were an important precondition for the Whitlam government's 'new federalism' in the 1970s, and the Hawke government's current initiative of 'closer partnership with the states' for reforming the practical working of the federal system.
Can public interest technology serve people who have disabilities?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Public Interest Technology is an emerging paradigm, scholarly domain, and potential contributor to reducing barriers, mitigating discrimination, and promoting human rights of people who have disabilities. Employing data from individual interviews of people who have experienced spinal cord injury and their support persons, this project identifies obstacles and barriers these people experience when seeking technologies needed for rehabilitation and reintegration. This article discusses these individuals’ experiences in light of how public interest technology may be a game changer for people who have experienced spinal cord injuries.
Etroplus suratensis (Bloch), the State Fish of Kerala

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis, known locally as ‘Karimeen ’ (figure 1), is the largest among Indian cichlids, a high-valued food fish endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka. The Vembanad lake in Kerala (Lat. 09°31 ′ and 09°41′N and Long. 76°21 ′ and 76°26 ′ E), considered the heritage abode of this
New technology to examine and improve the purity of hybrid rice with herbicide resistant gene

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

除草剂抵抗酒吧基因广泛地在工厂上在学习被用作可选的标记基因基因转变。由于进米饭染色体的基因的集成，转基因的米饭对除草剂够了抵抗。因此，转基因的工厂 md 的选择基因分析变得更容易。在研究，酒吧基因作为基因标记基因被介绍进 ria 恢复谎言变化较普通活字大一倍或三线。与常规繁殖方法结合了，好除草剂抵抗单个植物为混合联合作为新 restorc 线被导出。在在播种 phasc 与够了喷洒了以后。， hnd 除草剂抵抗能通常种的真实混合米饭 fnke 混血儿米饭和杂草，没有酒吧基因，被除草剂打死。上面描述的方法很快帮助检验并且改善混合米饭的纯净。
Aloe Vera Extracted Polysaccharides Shift the Immune Responses of Tumor Bearing Mice Toward Th1 Pattern- Animal Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this work, the effect of oral administration of Aloe Vera extracted polysaccharides were investigated on the immunization profile of TC1 induced tumor bearing mice with and without HPV16 E7d vaccine ...
PdCl2/CuCl2/Bi(OTf)3‐promoted Construction of Sulfonyl Dibenzooxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and Arylnaphthalenes via Intramolecular Annulation of Sulfonyl o‐Allylarylchromanones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract PdCl 2 /CuCl 2 /Bi(OTf) 3 ‐promoted intramolecular domino annulation of sulfonyl o ‐allylarylchromanones provides tetracyclic sulfonyl dibenzooxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and bicyclic arylnaphthalenes with good to excellent yields in MeOH at room (25 °C) and refluxing (65 °C) temperature, respectively. The starting sulfonyl o ‐allylarylchromanones can be easily obtained from the intermolecular cyclocondensation of α‐sulfonyl o ‐hydroxyacetophenones and o ‐allylbenzaldehydes. The uses of various catalysts and solvent systems are investigated herein for convenient transformation. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed. This protocol provides one‐pot ring closure via carbon‐carbon (C−C) bond formation. magnified image
Study on the purification of total saponin in Huangqi and Dangshen of Shenqi Fuzheng injection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To study the technological parameters of the purification process of total saponins in Huangqi and Dangshen of Shenqi Fuzheng injection with macroporous adsorption resin.METHODS According to the adsorptive characteristics and elutive parameter the macroporous adsorption resin was selected,to purify the total saponin.The effect of different volume fraction and dosage of alcohol for the elution property of total saponin was studied.RESULTS D101 macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify the total saponin,with 80% alcohol as eluant to get the total saponin extract.CONCLUSION The process of applying macroporous adsorption resin to adsorb and purify the total saponin in Shenqi Fuzheng injection is feasible.
Development of precision farming technologies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The research was carried out on the territory of the Vladimir Opolye (Suzdal, Russian Federation). For the experimental site, in the watershed part of the plakor terrain with a slope of < 1°, a soil map was compiled. Field studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment measuring 86 m by 280 m with the total area of 2.41 hectares. Four tillage systems were studied in the experiment: 1. generally accepted dump-annual dump plowing; 2. combined-energy-saving-alternation of small non-fall treatments with dump plowing of perennial grasses; 3. combined-tier-alternation of small non-fall treatments with plowing with a long-line plow of perennial grasses; 4. anti-erosion-alternation of deep non-fall treatments with plowing of perennial grasses. The results showed a different reaction of soil to agrotechnological techniques. Gray forest soils with a second humus horizon have a higher potential fertility, the advantage of which when applying moderate doses of mineral fertilizers was 3.3-4.4 centners per hectare of grain units compared to the background gray forest soils. A further increase in the dose negates these differences. Deep soil loosening by 25-27 cm also shows the advantage of soils with a second humus horizon, the yield increases were 4.4-5.2 centners per hectare.
Secure Technique for Collision Avoidance in Car-to-Car Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — Inter-Vehicular ad hoc Networking is a capable wireless communication technology for improving highway security and data services. Therefore communication links among vehicles must be safe. The objective of this paper is to introduce a technique that provides secure messaging technique in highway. All the Vehicles in IVAN broadcat secure messages, to provide future information to other vehicles on road using secure technique. Based on the evaluation of the vehicles dynamic information received by vehicle on road, Inter vehicular distance are calculated and collision between vehicles are avoided by broadcasting secure warning messages before colliding vehicle, if the distance is less. For this we purposed Secure-Pre warning Collision Avoidance Algorithm (S-PWCA). Simulations result shows that, the proposed technique is realistic solution for secure Inter vehicle Communication Network and provides secure communication for broadcasting messages. Simulation results shows Low delay, high throughput performance and high trustworthiness for secure message.
Neural mechanisms underlying psilocybin’s therapeutic potential – the need for preclinical in vivo electrophysiology

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound with profound perception-, emotion- and cognition-altering properties and great potential for treating brain disorders. However, the neural mechanisms mediating its effects require in-depth investigation as there is still much to learn about how psychedelic drugs produce their profound and long-lasting effects. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the neurophysiology of psilocybin’s psychoactive properties, highlighting the need for additional preclinical studies to determine its effect on neural network dynamics. We first describe how psilocybin’s effect on brain regions associated with the default-mode network (DMN), particularly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, likely plays a key role in mediating its consciousness-altering properties. We then outline the specific receptor and cell types involved and discuss contradictory evidence from neuroimaging studies regarding psilocybin’s net effect on activity within these regions. We go on to argue that in vivo electrophysiology is ideally suited to provide a more holistic, neural network analysis approach to understand psilocybin’s mode of action. Thus, we integrate information about the neural bases for oscillatory activity generation with the accumulating evidence about psychedelic drug effects on neural synchrony within DMN-associated areas. This approach will help to generate important questions for future preclinical and clinical studies. Answers to these questions are vital for determining the neural mechanisms mediating psilocybin’s psychotherapeutic potential, which promises to improve outcomes for patients with severe depression and other difficulty to treat conditions.
Excitation of mixed Rossby–gravity waves by wave–mean flow interactions on the sphere

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The equatorial mixed Rossby–gravity wave (MRGW) is an important contributor to tropical variability. Its excitation mechanism capable of explaining the observed MRGW variance peak at synoptic scales in the troposphere remains elusive. This study investigates wave–mean flow interactions as a generation process for the MRGWs using the TIGAR model, which employs Hough harmonics as the basis of spectral expansion on the sphere, thereby representing MRGWs as prognostic variables. Idealized numerical simulations reveal the interactions between waves emanating from a symmetric tropical heat source and an asymmetric subtropical zonal jet as an excitation mechanism for the MRGWs. The excited MRGWs have variance spectra resembling the observed MRGWs in the tropical troposphere. The mixed Rossby–gravity energy spectrum has a maximum at zonal wavenumbers –5 also in the case of an asymmetric forcing that generates MRGWs across large scales. Effects of wave–wave interactions appear of little importance for the MRGW growth compared with wave–mean flow interactions. Application of the zonal‐mean zonal wind profiles from ERA5 reaffirms the importance of the asymmetry of the zonal mean flow.
Exploring perceptions and experiences of oral chemotherapy in people with cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasing use of oral chemotherapy treatment for cancer offers benefits in terms of care closer to home. However, these formulations are associated with a significant number of adverse events. One source of error is patient non-adherence, resulting in treatment resistance, increased toxicity, disease progression and even death. This literature review explores how people with cancer perceive and experience adherence to oral chemotherapy. Thematic analysis identified four main themes: my own way of doing things, understanding how oral chemotherapy works, not being alone and things beyond my control. Barriers to adherence included health beliefs, medication side effects and lack of access to ongoing advice and support. The authors argue that adherence to oral chemotherapy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. They recommend that healthcare practitioners should provide personalised counselling at the point of prescription and review, as well as accessible support between appointments.
[How to tell a patient the truth?--a case report from a psycho-oncology outpatient clinic].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric syndromes in the cancer population, but are not always managed very well due to the barriers to psychiatric consultation in Japan. We have tried to care for cancer patients with depression or anxiety through our psycho-oncology outpatient clinic. We have found that some anxiety in cancer patients derives from miscommunications between patients and physicians in charge because physicians do not tell the conditions of diseases clearly to patients. Needless to say, physicians should learn the communication skills regarding breaking bad news but we would like to emphasize the importance of smooth communication among health care professionals through this case report which makes us reconsider how we should have told the patient the truth (the time for stopping anti-cancer treatment, prognosis and so on) to a patient.