jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Versatile Postmodification\nof Conjugated Microporous\nPolymers Using Thiol-yne Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Radical thiol-yne chemistry is used for the modification\nof microporous\nnetworks with aliphatic alcohols. The degree of functionalization\ncan be tuned by varying the reacted amount of thiol. Porosity analysis\nindicates that the microporosity can be preserved within a certain\nrange, however, a decrease in pore size is observed.
Burnout through the Lenses of Equity/Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Disabled People: A Scoping Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Burnout is a problem within the workplace including in higher education, the activity of activism, and in reaction to experiencing systemic discrimination in daily life. Disabled people face problems in all of these areas and therefore are in danger of experiencing “disability burnout”/”disablism burnout”. Equity/equality, diversity, and inclusion” (EDI) linked actions are employed to improve the workplace, especially for marginalized groups including disabled people. How burnout is discussed and what burnout data is generated in the academic literature in relation to EDI and disabled people influences burnout policies, education, and research related to EDI and to disabled people. Therefore, we performed a scoping review study of academic abstracts employing SCOPUS, the 70 databases of EBSCO-HOST and Web of Science with the aim to obtain a better understanding of the academic coverage of burnout concerning disabled people and EDI. We found only 14 relevant abstracts when searching for 12 EDI phrases and five EDI policy frameworks. Within the 764 abstracts covering burnout and different disability terms, a biased coverage around disabled people was evident with disabled people being mostly mentioned as the cause of burnout experienced by others. Only 30 abstracts covered the burnout of disabled people, with eight using the term “autistic burnout”. Disabled activists’ burnout was not covered. No abstract contained the phrase “disability burnout”, but seven relevant hits were obtained using full-text searches of Google Scholar. Our findings suggest that important data is missing to guide evidence-based decision making around burnout and EDI and burnout of disabled people.
“The most unprotected of all human beings”: Black Girls, State Violence, and the Limits of Protection in Jim Crow Virginia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls (VISCG), the state's only reformatory for delinquent black girls, which was established by the Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs in 1915. Rather than punishing them for their adolescent misbehaviors, the founding organization intended to protect troubled black girls from inappropriate incarceration with adults and other state practices of violence and negligence. The founders also intended to prepare these girls for a discriminatory labor market by providing specialized training in the domestic arts and carefully supervised domestic parole placements. A closer look at the practice of domestic parole complicates the neat distinctions between education and incarceration, protection and punishment that the women of the Virginia State Federation made in their public discourse about the school. Instead of special protection, girls committed to the VISCG from courts across the state experienced vulnerability to violence, isolation, and exploitation at the hands of white employers during domestic parole placements. This article argues that the VISCG's practice of domestic parole, despite the best intentions of school leadership, constituted a mode of carceral violence that warrants more interrogation.
Alteration of the Cell Periphery During Granulocyte Maturation: Relationship to Cell Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Physiologic characteristics of the surface of human granulocytes may be important determinants of functional capacity. Studies of immature granulocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN’s) from marrow and blood indicated that immature granulocytes are characterized by a high, neuraminidase-susceptible, negative surface charge density; a high degree of cellular rigidity, as measured by an elastimeter with a micropipette orifice size that approximated estimates of average bone marrow basement membrane pore size (3.5µ); low adhesiveness to glass and plastic; low propensity to aggregate; a slow rate of cell spreading, pseudopod extension, and motility; and a very low rate of phagocytosis. At the myelocyte stage, adhesiveness and phagocytosis, although not prominent, became evident. In contrast PMN’s had a lower negative surface charge density, a higher degree of surface deformability (the entire PMN readily deforming to enter a 3.5µ micropipette whereas the immature granulocyte would not so deform), higher adhesiveness (plastic > glass), a higher propensity to aggregate, a higher rate of cell spreading, pseudopod formation and motility, and a higher rate of phagocytosis. The increased deformability and adhesiveness of the PMN as compared to the immature granulocyte may be a reflection of an altered relationship between relaxing and contracting systems at the cell periphery during maturation and/or changes in the sol-gel state of macromolecules at the cell periphery. This concept is supported by the change in surface properties of the PMN toward those of the immature granulocyte at cold temperature (4°C). The increased deformability and reduced surface negative charge of the PMN could facilitate adhesiveness and pseudopod formation and, thereby, increase cell-surface and cell-particle contact with enhancement of motility and phagocytosis. Hence the exit of PMN from bone marrow and circulation and the functional capacity of the PMN may be determined by a process of cytoplasmic maturation during granulopoiesis that adapts the PMN for its essential cell-extracell interactions.
CTLA-4+ Regulatory T Cells Increased in Cetuximab-Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients Suppress NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Correlate with Poor Prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The EGFR-targeted antibody cetuximab is effective against head and neck cancer (HNSCC), but in only 15% to 20% of patients, and the variability and extent of cetuximab-mediated cellular immunity is not fully understood. We hypothesized that regulatory T cells (Treg) may exert a functional and clinical impact on antitumor immunity in cetuximab-treated individuals. The frequency, immunosuppressive phenotype, and activation status of Treg and natural killer (NK) cells were analyzed in the circulation and tumor microenvironment of cetuximab-treated patients with HNSCC enrolled in a novel neoadjuvant, single-agent cetuximab clinical trial. Notably, cetuximab treatment increased the frequency of CD4+FOXP3+ intratumoral Treg expressing CTLA-4, CD39, and TGFβ. These Treg suppressed cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and their presence correlated with poor clinical outcome in two prospective clinical trial cohorts. Cetuximab expanded CTLA-4+FOXP3+ Treg in vitro, in part, by inducing dendritic cell maturation, in combination with TGFβ and T-cell receptor triggering. Importantly, cetuximab-activated NK cells selectively eliminated intratumoral Treg but preserved effector T cells. In ex vivo assays, ipilimumab targeted CTLA-4+ Treg and restored cytolytic functions of NK cells mediating ADCC. Taken together, our results argue that differences in Treg-mediated suppression contribute to the clinical response to cetuximab treatment, suggesting its improvement by adding ipilimumab or other strategies of Treg ablation to promote antitumor immunity. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2200–10. ©2015 AACR.
INFLUENCE OF CROP PROPERTIES ON THE THRESHABILITY OF CEREAL CROPS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The combine harvester has become the standard for harvesting grain in the industrialisedcountries. Through breeding for low shatter losses, more aggressive threshing is required forcurrent grain varieties. Besides the constructive design of the working elements, the setting ofthe combine and very strongly physical properties of the harvested material (grain and grainvariety, moisture of grain and MOG) have a very high influence on the threshing and separatinglosses and on grain damage. By applying newly developed fungicides, the straw remainsgreen longer and the harvest with the combine is severed.
In Hohenheim examination on ascertaining the influence of threshability of cereal crops oncombine capacity were mainly carried out with lab test stands.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccinating older adults with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) compared to no vaccination, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), or PCV13 followed by PPV23 in Colombia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of PPV23, when compared with no vaccination, PCV13 and the sequential use of PCV13 and PPV23 in adults 60 years and older in Colombia. Methods & Materials: A state-transition Markov model was developed. Five health states were considered: no pneumococcal disease, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP), postmeningitis sequelae (PMS), and death. A cohort of 60-year-olds in Colombia was followed up to 100 years of age or until death. Vaccine efficacy against IPD was obtained from a meta-analysis and a clinical trial. Vaccine efficacy against NBPP was obtained from a population-based cohort study and a clinical trial. Costs were obtained from the Pan American Health Organization, Colombian official list prices and published literature. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 5.0% per year, the analysis took the perspective of the third payer and costs were expressed in Colombia Pesos and inflated to 2016 rates where necessary. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was the main outcome. The World Health Organization definition of less than 3 times of per capita Gross Domestic Product in Colombia (i.e. COP 68,933,306 per QALY gained) was used as the threshold of cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the result. Results: A cohort of 3,324,291 immunocompetent individuals was followed. In the base case analysis, compared to no vaccination, vaccinating with PPV23 was associated with a reduction of cost by COP 28.5 billion and an increase in QALYs by 2,844. Compared to vaccinating with PCV13, vaccinating with PPV23 was associated with a reduction of cost by COP 97.7 billion and an increase in QALYs by 755. The sequential strategy was estimated to have incremental cost of COP 138.2 billion and incremental QALYs gained of 393 compared to PPV23, however it was deemed not cost-effective at an ICER of COP 351,514,729. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that vaccination with PPV23 is the optimal strategy for prevention of pneumococcal disease in Colombia in adults 60 years and older.
Type Ia supernovae tests of fractal bubble universe with no cosmic acceleration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The unexpected dimness of Type Ia supernovae at redshifts z >~ 1 has over the past 7 years been seen as an indication that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. A new model cosmology, the "fractal bubble model", has been proposed by one of us [gr-qc/0503099], based on the idea that our observed universe resides in an underdense bubble remnant from a primordial epoch of cosmic inflation, together with a new solution for averaging in an inhomogeneous universe. Although there is no cosmic acceleration, it is claimed that the luminosity distance of type Ia supernovae data will nonetheless fit the new model, since it mimics a Milne universe at low redshifts. In this paper the hypothesis is tested statistically against the available type Ia supernovae data by both chi-square and Bayesian methods. While the standard model with cosmological constant Omega_Lambda = 1-Omega_m is favoured by a Bayesian analysis with wide priors, the comparison depends strongly on the priors chosen for the density parameter, Omega_m. The fractal bubble model gives better agreement generally for Omega_m<0.2. It also gives reasonably good fits for all the range, Omega_m=0.01-0.55, allowing the possibility of a viable cosmology with just baryonic matter, or alternatively with both baryonic matter and additional cold dark matter.
Analysis of the wear characteristics of multi-directional die forging and forming dies for a railway wagon bogie adapter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper evaluates the influence of the combined die motion scheme and forging process parameters on the evolution of the wear pattern of forging dies for the railway wagon bogie adapter based on an improved Archard model The simulation results show that the distribution of die wear parts during the hot forging process of the railway wagon bogie adapter is uneven but symmetrical, and the maximum wear parts are mainly distributed in the ring belt part of the top die and the shoulder part of the bottom die, and the maximum wear amount of the top die is about 1.4 times that of the bottom die. In addition, the influence of the initial forging temperature ( T w ) and the preheating temperature ( T d ) on the wear behaviour of the die during the forging and forming of the adapter was investigated, and a combination of high T w and low T d was found to be more beneficial in reducing the wear of the die. In order to obtain the optimal process parameters, a response surface model of die wear was established and combined with a Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network (GA-BP) to optimize the forging process parameters and proposed an optimal strategy to reduce die wear.
About some eponyms in Taxonomic literature (TL-2)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract TL ‐2 is an important information source for eponyms in plant genera. Some of the entries in TL ‐2 (among several hundred) do not correspond with the original dedication by the botanical author or other botanical or geographical information and genealogical literature. The differences, problems and corrections for those eponyms listed in TL ‐2 are pointed out here.
SAT-492 Impending Thyroid Storm Induced by Checkpoint Inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid storm is a rare but life threatening condition due to thyroid hormone excess and is usually caused by Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter or rarely due to thyroiditis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a novel choice for treating cancers, and carry a risk for development of endocrinopathies. We report a case of impending thyroid storm 5 weeks after initiation of ICI. Case Presentation: 81-year-old Caucasian male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma presented with generalized weakness and fatigue 5 weeks after ipilimumab and nivolumab were started. He had no prior history of thyroid disease and had normal thyroid functions before the treatment. He complained of palpitations, heat intolerance and loose stools on admission. On examination he was disoriented, tachycardic (128bpm) with new onset atrial fibrillation, had moist skin and brisk reflexes. He had non-tender thyroid, no thyromegaly, and no nodules palpated. Burch-Wartofsky score was 35, suggesting impending thyroid storm. Laboratory investigation showed elevated free T4 (&gt;7.77), elevated free T3 (8.6) with a suppressed TSH (&lt; 0.02). He had positive anti-TPO but Thyrotropin receptor antibody was negative. He was treated with propranolol 40 mg three times daily, prednisone 40 daily, methimazole 30mg three times a day with significant improvement in free T4 (5.67) within first 48 hours. Discussion: Imipimumab and nivolumab are monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) respectively. The reported incidence of thyroid dysfunction after combined imipimumab and nivolumab therapy can be as high as 22%1. Thyroiditis could present as early as 2-6 weeks 2 after treatment, and hypothyroidism tends to present between 5 months and 3 years3. According to a current consensus4, baseline TSH and FT4 should be drawn prior to initiating ICI. Thyroid storm is a clinical diagnosis and Burch-Wartofsky score can help in diagnosis. A high degree of suspicion and prompt diagnosis of thyroid storm and treatment is of utmost importance especially in this patient population. Rapid improvements in thyroid hormone levels suggest thyroiditis as a potential cause for thyrotoxicosis. Conclusion: ICI induced thyroid disease is not an uncommon condition. It could present as either thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism. Both patient and clinician should be aware of potential signs and symptoms of thyroid storm for early recognition and timely treatment of this life-threatening condition. [1] Byun DJ et al.Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017 Apr;13(4):195-207 [2] Iyer PC et al. Thyroid. 2018 Oct;28(10):1243-1251 [3] Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014 Mar 7;21(2):371-81 [4] Puzanov et al. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2017) 5:95
Effect of roxadustat on red blood cell lifespan in patients with long-term haemodialysis: a single-centre, prospective, single-arm study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Reduced survival of red blood cells (RBCs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is thought to contribute to renal anaemia. Although renal anaemia improved greatly because of the wide use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and the advancement of dialysis techniques, RBC longevity seems not to be obviously ameliorated. Methods In this single-centre, single-arm trial, patients who had been undergoing haemodialysis and ESA therapy with epoetin alfa for at least 12 weeks changed their anti-anaemia drugs from epoetin alfa to oral roxadustat three times per week for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in RBC lifespan from baseline at week 24. The change in the circulating percentage of eryptotic RBCs, RBC deformability and RBC oxygen transport ability were also assessed. Results A total of 27 patients were enrolled, with 26 completing the full course of intervention. At baseline, the average RBC lifespan was 60.1 days [standard deviation (SD) 14.4; n = 27]. At the end of the study period, 26 patients had an RBC lifespan measurement (83.9 days on average; SD 21.9). The RBC lifespan increased by 22.8 days on average [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.5–30.0, P &lt; .001]. This equated to an average RBC lifespan increase of 39.2% (95% CI 27.8–50.6). The percentage of circulating eryptotic RBCs, erythrocyte filtration index and the pressure at which haemoglobin is 50% saturated decreased significantly from baseline to week 24 (1.39 ± 0.44% versus 0.89 ± 0.25%, P &lt; .0001; 0.29 ± 0.12 versus 0.16 ± 0.08, P &lt; .0001 and 32.54 ± 4.83 versus 28.40 ± 2.29, P &lt; .001, respectively). Conclusion Roxadustat prolonged RBC lifespan in patients with long-term haemodialysis.
CBF1 is an underestimated plant regulatory transcription factor

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract CBF1 transcription factors have been extensively utilized for their remarkable contribution to stress resistance that helps plants to cope with complex abiotic stresses. However, their regulation of plant type and other traits is often neglected. We overexpressed the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus CBF1 gene in cotton. Three transgenic lines, L28, L30, and L41, with high expression levels were successfully obtained. Subsequently, we comprehensively examined multiple cotton phenotypes, including plant height, overall morphology, leaf shape, leaf colour, and leaf thickness. Additionally, we analysed hormone levels, yield, and fibre quality. Through comparative analysis, we found that the overexpressed plants had strong root structure, dwarf and compact architecture, more serrated leaf edges, thick leaf tissues, and darker leaf colour compared to wild cotton. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in IAA and GA3. The overexpressing plants displayed many trait alterations, all of which were regulated by AmCBF1. The study of aboveground plant morphology in crops is essential for understanding crop growth and yield. Significantly, although CBF1 plays a prominent role in mediating stress resistance, its importance in influencing plant architecture and other traits has been somewhat overlooked. Consequently, exploring the diverse roles of CBF1 in plant development will be crucial in future research.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Public Service Performance Moderated by Core Values BerAKHLAK in the Bogor City Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of transformational leadership on public service performance and to determine and analyze whether the core values of BerAKHLAK moderate the effect of transformational leadership on public service performance. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The population in this study were all State Civil Apparatus (ASN) working in the Bogor City Government, especially in the public service sector. The number of samples used in this study was 95 respondents, which was determined using the Slovin formula. The data used in this study were primary data, namely by distributing questionnaires boldly through Google Forms. The data analysis technique used was a quantitative data analysis technique using the Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) method. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of transformational leadership variables on public service performance in the Bogor City Government. The core values of BerAKHLAK can moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and public service performance. This means that the core values of BerAKHLAK are moderator variables in this study, so that these values strengthen the effect of transformational leadership on public service performance.
Influences of Forest Decline on Various Properties of Soils at Mt. Hirugatake, Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto District, Japan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract At Mt. Hirugatake in the Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto district, Japan, the deciduous broadleaved forests have rapidly declined. In our previous studies, we reported that the amount of soil organic matter had significantly decreased at the early and final stages of forest decline, and that the soil microbial biomass also showed a large decrease at these stages, suggesting that the composition of soil organic matter might have also changed with forest decline. To clarify the influences of forest decline on the composition of soil organic matter, the amount of humic substances, optical properties of humic acid, and the amount of soil carbohydrates in surface soils at different stages of forest decline were investigated. The amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid decreased to a lesser extent at the early and middle stages of forest decline, and showed a significant decrease at the final stage. As the amount of humin significantly decreased at the early stage, it was plausible that the distinct decrease in the total carbon content of the soil surface horizons at the early stage of forest decline was induced by the decrease in the amount of humin, and at the final stage, by the decrease in the amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid. The amount of soil carbohydrates did not change appreciably with forest decline although the soil organic matter content markedly decreased. It was suggested that most of the carbohydrates in the soil surface horizons were in a stabilized form consisting of complexes with humic substances, metals, and minerals, and would not be affected by the environmental changes associated with forest decline. Key words: carbohydrateforest declinehumic substancessurface soilTanzawa Mountains