jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional potential energy surface for fission of $^{236}$U within covariant density functional theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have calculated the three-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the fission of compound nucleus $^{236}$U using the covariant density functional theory with constraints on the axial quadrupole and octupole deformations $(β_2, β_3)$ as well as the nucleon number in the neck $q_N$. By considering the additonal degree of freedom $q_N$, coexistence of the elongated and compact fission modes is predicted for $0.9\lesssim β_3 \lesssim 1.3$. Remarkably, the PES becomes very shallow across a large range of quadrupole and octupole deformations for small $q_N$, and consequently, the scission line in $(β_2, β_3)$ plane will extend to a shallow band, which leads to a fluctuation for the estimated total kinetic energies by several to ten MeV and for the fragment masses by several to about ten nucleons.
Sorolopha phyllochlora Meyrick 1905

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

11. Sorolopha phyllochlora (Meyrick, 1905) Platypeplus phyllochlora Meyrick, 1905: 585 (3, Ceylon). Eucosma phyllochlora: Meyrick, 1906: 137. Argyroploce phyllochlora: Meyrick, 1909: 592. Argyroploce ptilosoma Meyrick, 1916: 563 (3, South India). Olethreutes phyllochlora: Clarke, 1958: 535, plate 266 figs. 2-2b (lectotype designated, wings, 3 genit. ptilosoma syn.). Olethreutes ptilosoma: Clarke, 1958: 535, plate 266 figs. 3-3a (lectotype designated, wings, 3 genit., syn. of phyllochlora) Eudemis (Acanthothyspoda) phyllochlora: Diakonoff, 1967: 52. Sorolopha phyllochlora: Diakonoff, 1973: 68, fig. 111 (Ƥ genit.). Material examined. China: 13, Huaping (25°39' N, 109°55' E), Guangxi Province, 950 m, 6-VIII-2006, leg. Weichun Li. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Yunnan), Sri Lanka, India. Remarks. Liu & Bai (1985) reported this species from Yunnan Province, China.
Thiacalix[4]arene Etching of an Anisotropic Cu70H22 Intermediate for Accessing Robust Modularly Assembled Copper Nanoclusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Atom-precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with large bulk (nuclearity >60) are important species for insight into the embryonic phase of metal nanoparticles and their top-down etching synthesis. Herein, we report a metastable rod-shaped 70-nuclei copper-hydride NC, [Cl@Cu70H22(PhC≡C)29(CF3COO)16]2+ (Cu70), with Cl- as the template, in which the Cl@Cu59 kernel adopts a distinctive metal packing mode along the bipolar direction, and the protective ligand shell exhibits corresponding site differentiation. In terms of metal nuclearity, Cu70 is the largest alkynyl-stabilized Cu-hydride cluster to date. As a typical highly active intermediate, Cu70 could undergo a transformation into a series of robust modularly assembled Cu clusters (B-type Cu8, A-A-type Cu22, A-B-type Cu23, and A-B-A-type Cu38) upon etching by p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (H4TC4A), which could not be achieved by "one-pot" synthetic methods. Notably, the patterns of A and B blocks in the Cu NCs could be effectively modulated by employing appropriate counterions and blockers, and the modular assembly mechanism was illustrated through comprehensive solution chemistry analysis using HR-ESI-MS. Furthermore, catalytic investigations reveal that Cu38 could serve as a highly efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of propargylic amines with CO2 under mild conditions. This work not only enriched the family of high-nuclear copper-hydride NCs but also provided new insights into the growth mechanism of metal NCs.
High-resolution gravure printed lines: proximity effects and design rules

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gravure printing is a very promising method for printed electronics because it combines high throughput with high resolution. Recently, printed lines with 2μm resolution have been demonstrated at printing speeds on the order of 1m/s. Here we build on these results to study how more complex patterns can be printed that will ultimately lead to printed circuits. We study how the drag-out effect leads to proximity effects in gravure when multiple lines are printed close to each other. Drag-out occurs as the doctor blade passes over the roll surface to remove excess ink from the land areas in between the cells that make up the pattern. In addition to this desirable removal of excess ink, some ink from the cells also wicks up the doctor blade and is removed from the cells. This ink is subsequently deposited on the land area behind the cells leading to characteristic drag-out tails. If multiple lines, oriented perpendicular to the print direction, are printed close to each other, the ink that has wicked up the doctor blade from the first line will affect the drag-out process for subsequent lines. Here we show how this effect can be used to enhance print quality of lines as well as how it can deteriorate print quality. Important variables that will determine the regime for printing optimization are ink viscosity, printing speed, cell size, cell spacing and relative placement of lines. Considering these factors carefully allows one to determine design rules for optimal printing results.
Measuring Ca2+ dynamics in pancreatic acini using confocal microscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pancreatic acinar cell is the main parenchymal cell of the exocrine pancreas and plays a primary role in the secretion of pancreatic enzymes into the pancreatic duct (15). It is also the site for the initiation of pancreatitis (3, 14). Dynamic changes in cytosolic Ca are necessary for both physiological and pathological acinar cell events (11). These divergent effects of Ca are thought to result from distinct spatial and temporal patterns of Ca signaling. For example, enzyme and fluid secretion from the acinar cell are linked to Ca spikes from a restricted region of the apical pole where zymogen granules are localized (6). In contrast, a global Ca wave followed by intense non-oscillatory Ca signals is associated with pathologic intra-acinar protease activation (4, 7, 12).
Globalization, Capital and Governance in a Newly Industrializing Plural Society: Malaysia during the 1990s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explains how the current phase of economic globalization has affected Malaysia, a classic plural society in which economic performance has underpinned political legitimacy. focusing on the 1990s, it empirically investigates the role capital has played in this period in bolstering the Malaysian economy as well as contributing to its social cohesion and political stability. The Mahathir government maintains only a tenuous legitimacy where ethnic policies and autocratic politics are ameliorated by performance legitimacy rather than political legitimacy anchored within a strong civil society. Genuine political legitimacy remains problematic for a political regime which not only continually fails to redress fundamental economic problems but one which also persistently ignores the demands, interests and rights of civil society. The chapter presents an analysis of economic globalization in the context of East Asian development and to the 1997/98 financial crisis and meltdown. Finally, it addresses prospects for capital, ethnicity, governance and political legitimacy in Malaysia.
Evaluation and Categorization of Femur Morphometry with Digital Measurement Method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDVariational differences of the femur between populations like clinical, anthropological and forensic anthropology are important.These morphometric differences are influenced by factors such as race, heredity, climate and diet. METHODSWith the descriptive and cross-sectional design of this study, we aimed to investigate the femur morphometry with digital image analysis program.In this study, 105 femur bones belonging to Cukurova University, Medicine Faculty, Anatomy Department, were used.This study which has a descriptive and crosssectional design, was carried out in April 2018.For statistical analysis, "Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 20.0" program was used. RESULTSThe mean and standard deviation values of the parameters measured in femur were as follows-maximum femur length 431.42±36.2,physiological femur length 428±36.15,physiological trochanter length 403.3±34.3,anterior, posterior, superior and inferior aspects of collum femoris length 28±5.30,25.5±5.4,26.2±5.4,39±7.5, caput femoris diameter 44±4, collum femoris width 34.2±7.15,collum femoris axis length 95.2±10, transverse and sagittal aspects of subtrochanteric diameter 30±3, 25.01±3, linea intertrochanterica length 68.1±8.22,transverse and sagittal aspects of mid-body diameter 27.03±3, 27.22±3, maximum proximal and distal width 86.1±13, 76.3±8, intercondylar width and depth 18.3±3.32,25±4, condylar width and depth were 70.14±7.2,57.4±7, midbody circumference was 85.5±9.03mm.The mean weight of the femur was determined as 292.4±68.04gr.Robustness, platymeria, pilastric, intercondylar width and depth indexes were calculated.Averages values of these indexes respectively were 13±2, 84.15±10, 101.22±10.4,0.3±0.04,0.43±0.05. CONCLUSIONSAlthough the mean morphometric data of the right femurs obtained from our study were higher than the left femurs, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05); There was a statistically significant difference between the right and left femurs in the intercondylar depth average (p <0.05).When the studies in the literature were compared with our results, it was found that the nearest average values were the maximum femur length and physiological femur length.Studies suggest that differences in femur geometry may be caused by race-dependent characteristics.The anatomical structure and morphometric measurements of the femur are clinically important for femoral fractures and pathologies.In addition, the data obtained from this study will be used by anthropologists for various determinations in the field of forensic medicine.We think that the results of our study will help clinicians in surgical interventions.
Fuzzy Hashing as Perturbation-Consistent Adversarial Kernel Embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Measuring the similarity of two files is an important task in malware analysis, with fuzzy hash functions being a popular approach. Traditional fuzzy hash functions are data agnostic: they do not learn from a particular dataset how to determine similarity; their behavior is fixed across all datasets. In this paper, we demonstrate that fuzzy hash functions can be learned in a novel minimax training framework and that these learned fuzzy hash functions outperform traditional fuzzy hash functions at the file similarity task for Portable Executable files. In our approach, hash digests can be extracted from the kernel embeddings of two kernel networks, trained in a minimax framework, where the roles of players during training (i.e adversary versus generator) alternate along with the input data. We refer to this new minimax architecture as perturbation-consistent. The similarity score for a pair of files is the utility of the minimax game in equilibrium. Our experiments show that learned fuzzy hash functions generalize well, capable of determining that two files are similar even when one of those files was generated using insertion and deletion operations.
Research on Variation of Logistics Service Capability of Airport Economic Zone

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Logistics industry, one of the pillar industries of the airport economic zone, plays a key role in driving the development of regional economy.This paper selects 18 airport economic zones as the sample, based on the analysis of the influence factors of the logistics service capability, constructed the evaluation index system from the two dimensions: environmental sustaining capability and internal development capability.Using SPSS20.0 as an analytical tool, the principal component analysis was used to evaluate the correlation.It is concluded that the development level of logistics service capability is very different, and different development strategies need to be formulated.Then, using cluster analysis method, the 18 airport economic zones were divided into 5 categories.According to the different characteristics of each category, the paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the logistics service level.
Diagnostic Approaches In Teaching And Assessing Listening

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an overview of diagnostic approaches for teaching and assessing second language listening. The chapter provides a historical perspective on diagnostic approaches in language education, before focusing on specific diagnostic approaches proposed for listening pedagogy and assessment. With respect to assessment, a distinction is drawn between "purpose-built" diagnostic procedures, and retrofitted diagnostic approaches, with examples drawn from research literature on second language listening. The chapter concludes with recommendations for various stakeholders in the diagnostic process, and future directions for diagnostic approaches to second language listening are charted.
Magnetic resonance imaging Caudate nucleus Basal ganglia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The most prevalent comorbid disorder in pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As caudate volume abnormalities have been demonstrated in both BD and ADHD, this study sought to determine whether these findings could be attributed to separable effects from either diagnosis. High resolution anatomical magnetic resonance (MRI) images were obtained from youth in 4 groups: BD with comorbid ADHD (n=17), BD without comorbid ADHD (n=12), youth with ADHD alone (n=11), and healthy control subjects (n=24). Caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus volumes were manually traced for each subject using BrainImageJava software by a reliable rater blinded to diagnosis. There was a significant effect of diagnosis on striatal volumes, with ADHD associated with decreased caudate and putamen volumes, and BD associated with increased caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus volumes. Thus, the presence or absence of comorbid ADHD in patients with BD was associated with distinct alterations in caudate volumes, suggesting that these groups have different, but related, mechanisms of neuropathology. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 1.
[Paraneoplastic arterial thrombosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The search for a cancer is part of the classical investigation of unexplained venous thrombosis. Arterial thrombosis associated with neoplasia is more rare. The authors report two cases in which arterial thrombosis was the final event of their malignant disease. The first case had abacterial thrombotic endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation at the origin of multiple thrombotic complications. The initially unknown cancer was a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The second case presented with acute occlusion of the iliac artery after ablation of a malignant melanoma. Despite embolectomy with a Fogarty catheter and effective anticoagulation, the thrombosis recurred several times at the same site. The clinical features and the mechanisms of these two cases suggestive of Trousseau's syndrome are discussed.
Eigengene-based linear discriminant model for tumor classification using gene expression microarray data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: The nearest shrunken centroids classifier has become a popular algorithm in tumor classification problems using gene expression microarray data. Feature selection is an embedded part of the method to select top-ranking genes based on a univariate distance statistic calculated for each gene individually. The univariate statistics summarize gene expression profiles outside of the gene co-regulation network context, leading to redundant information being included in the selection procedure. Results: We propose an Eigengene-based Linear Discriminant Analysis (ELDA) to address gene selection in a multivariate framework. The algorithm uses a modified rotated Spectral Decomposition (SpD) technique to select ‘hub’ genes that associate with the most important eigenvectors. Using three benchmark cancer microarray datasets, we show that ELDA selects the most characteristic genes, leading to substantially smaller classifiers than the univariate feature selection based analogues. The resulting de-correlated expression profiles make the gene-wise independence assumption more realistic and applicable for the shrunken centroids classifier and other diagonal linear discriminant type of models. Our algorithm further incorporates a misclassification cost matrix, allowing differential penalization of one type of error over another. In the breast cancer data, we show false negative prognosis can be controlled via a cost-adjusted discriminant function. Availability: R code for the ELDA algorithm is available from author upon request. Contact: zhaoling.meng@sanofi-aventis.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Large variability in plasma efavirenz concentration in Papua New Guinea HIV/AIDS patients associated with high frequency of CYP2B6 516T allele

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high HIV/AIDS prevalence and very high frequency of the CYP2B6 c.516G>T (rs3745274) variant. We have conducted the first investigation of the impact of c.516G>T and patient demographics on plasma efavirenz (EFV) and 8-hydroxyefavirenz (8OH-EFV) concentrations, metabolic ratio (8OH-EFV/EFV) (MR), and their association with adverse effects, in PNG patients with HIV/AIDS. For 156 PNG patients with HIV/AIDS taking EFV 600 mg/day (for 3–156 months), plasma EFV and 8OH-EFV concentrations were quantified, CYP2B6 c.516G>T genotyped, and demographic and self-reported adverse effects data recorded. Genotype differences in EFV and 8OH-EFV concentrations, MR, and percent within therapeutic range (1000–4000 ng/ml) were examined, in addition to EFV and 8OH-EFV concentration differences between patients experiencing adverse effects. CYP2B6 c.516T allele frequency was 53%. Plasma EFV (p < 0.0001), 8OH-EFV (p < 0.01), and MR (p < 0.0001) differed significantly between genotypes, with genotype explaining 38%, 10%, and 50% of variability, respectively. Plasma EFV concentrations were significantly higher in T/T (median = 5168 ng/ml) than G/G (1036 ng/ml, post hoc p < 0.0001) and G/T (1502 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) genotypes, with all patients above therapeutic range (n = 23) being T/T genotype (p < 0.0001). EFV and 8OH-EFV concentrations were not significantly higher in patients experiencing adverse effects. In PNG HIV/AIDS population where the 516T frequency is very high, it explains a substantial portion of variability (38%) in EFV disposition; however, at least for the patients receiving EFV long term, this does not translate into significant side effects.
O’Driscoll L: Docetaxel-resistance in prostate cancer: evaluating associated phenotypic changes and potential for resistance transfer via exosomes. PLoS One 2012

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Hormone-refractory prostate cancer remains hindered by inevitable progression of resistance to first-line treatment with docetaxel. Recent studies suggest that phenotypic changes associated with cancer may be transferred from cell-to-cell via microvesicles/exosomes. Here we aimed to investigate phenotypic changes associated with docetaxel-resistance in order to help determine the complexity of this problem and to assess the relevance of secreted exosomes in prostate cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings: Docetaxel-resistant variants of DU145 and 22Rv1 were established and characterised in terms of cross-resistance, morphology, proliferation, motility, invasion, anoikis, colony formation, exosomes secretion their and functional relevance. Preliminary analysis of exosomes from relevant serum specimens was also performed. Acquired docetaxel-resistance conferred cross-resistance to doxorubicin and induced alterations in motility, invasion, proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Exosomes expelled from DU145 and 22Rv1 docetaxel-resistant variants (DU145RD and 22Rv1RD) conferred docetaxel-resistance to DU145, 22Rv1 and LNCap cells, which may be partly due to exosomal MDR-1/P-gp transfer. Exosomes from prostate cancer patients ’ sera induced increased cell proliferation and invasion, compared to exosomes from age-matched controls. Furthermore, exosomes from sera of patients undergoing a course of docetaxel treatment compared to matched exosomes from the same patients prior to commencing docetaxel treatment, when
Germination and Graft Compatibilty Study of Wild Solanum spp and Brinjal Root Stocks with Tomato Scions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted at Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR- IIHR, Aiginia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during kharif seasons of 2018 in collaboration with Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, to study the seed germination, days taken to reach grafting stage and grafting success (percentage) of rootstock and scion seeds used for grafting. The cultivated and wild species of brinjal and tomato were used as rootstocks with tomato Arka Rakshak F1 hybrid as scion. The experiment was conducted with 13 root stocks following statistical design CRD with three replications in pro trays to find out better root stock for grafting. A significant difference was recorded for the rootstock and scion parameters. Utkal Anushree had taken minimum number of days (6.67 days) for germination and the wild Solanum torvum had taken maximum number of days (16.67 days) to germinate, On the other hand, Arka Rakshak took least number of days (34.33 days) to reach grafting stage while the wild Solanum torvum reached to grafting stage within 56 days. The grafting success percentage ranged from 74.67 to 96 percent. Maximum grafting success (%) was recorded in Solanum torvum whereas minimum grafting success (%) was observed in S. sisymbriifolium wild solanum spp. root stock.
IMMUNIZATION OF SALMONIDS AGAINST THE FISH PATHOGEN, Aeromonas salmonicida

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT An avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida was shown to lack “A‐layer” protein exterior to the outer cell membrane, but was still immunogenic in fish. After bacteria were inactivated with chloroform, whole cells, soluble antigen and combined whole cell plus soluble antigen vaccines were prepared. Those brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) that were vaccinated by a 60‐second immersion in the combined whole cell plus soluble antigen vaccine were protected against experimental challenges. Further immersion vaccinations of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in the combined vaccine indicated that protection conferred by immunization was highly significant, efficacious, and reproducible. In field situations, mortality in brown trout ( S. trutta ) immersion‐vaccinated in this preparation was 2.1% whereas that in control fish was 28.9% after natural challenge.