jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF INULIN AND CHIA MUCILAGE ON BISCUIT FORMULA AS A FAT REPLACER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat flour with wheat germ (10 and 20%) or fat by different fat replacers, including inulin (20 and 40%) and chia mucilage (10, 15, and 20%) on the quality attributes and physicochemical properties of biscuits.The results showed that the wheat germ substitution significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased the protein, ash, and crude fiber content of biscuits compared to the control sample.The fat content progressively increased with the increment substitution levels of wheat germ.Moreover, the fat content gradually decreased with the increase in the fat replacer's content.There were no significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the protein content between the control sample and other samples prepared with different ratios of fat replacers.The results also indicated that the fat replacement by inulin or chia mucilage reduced the specific volume of the biscuit compared to the control sample.Our findings indicated that utilizing inulin by 30 and 40% significantly reduced fat content by 45.32 and 58.33%, however 20% chia mucilage decreased fat content by 22.36% in biscuit samples.Reducing the fat content by inulin and chia mucilage as fat replacers increased the hardness and decreased the fracturability values of the produced biscuits compared to the control sample.According to the organoleptic findings, there were no significant differences (P≤ 0.05) between the control and other treated samples in terms of color and texture criteria.Using chia mucilage as a fat replacer at a level of 20% improved the overall acceptability of the biscuit compared to the control sample.
Ethylene signalling affects susceptibility of tomatoes to S almonella

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Fresh fruits and vegetables are increasingly recognized as important reservoirs of human pathogens, and therefore, significant attention has been directed recently to understanding mechanisms of the interactions between plants and enterics, like S almonella . A screen of tomato cultivars for their susceptibility to S almonella revealed significant differences in the ability of this human pathogen to multiply within fruits; expression of the S almonella genes ( cysB , agfB , fadH ) involved in the interactions with tomatoes depended on the tomato genotype and maturity stage. Proliferation of S almonella was strongly reduced in the tomato mutants with defects in ethylene synthesis, perception and signal transduction. While mutation in the ripening‐related ethylene receptor Nr resulted only in a modest reduction in S almonella numbers within tomatoes, strong inhibition of the S almonella proliferation was observed in rin and nor tomato mutants. RIN and NOR are regulators of ethylene synthesis and ripening. A commercial tomato variety heterozygous for rin was less susceptible to S almonella under the greenhouse conditions but not when tested in the field over three production seasons.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada Materi Menyimak Teks Fiksi Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning di Sekolah Dasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The low learning outcomes Indonesian in listening to students' fictional texts are caused by the ineffective learning model used to make students less interested in following learning. The purpose of this study is to improve Indonesian learning outcomes by listening to fictional texts of grade 4 students of SD Negeri Jetis 01 Sukoharjo. This study included a type of classroom action research that was carried out in as many as two cycles. The subjects of this study were 30 grade 4 students. Data collection techniques in this study by providing tests and observations. Technical tests are used to see the learning outcomes of students and observation to see the success of problem-based learning models used in listening skills to fiction texts. Technical data analysts use quantitative and qualilative analysis techniques. The results of the study in cycle 1 showed an average value of 77.76, while in cycle II the average was 85.39. Observation of students' listening skills during the learning process using the problem-based learning model is in a good category so the problem-based learning model is very effective in Indonesian learning, listening material to fictional texts.
Neuroprotective capabilities of essential oils with its potential therapeutic implications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Neuroprotection research holds promise for protecting nerves and preventing brain damage.Essential oils, a complex mixture of small plant compounds, have gained a reputation for tissue protection.This study aims to provide insight into the neuroprotective and therapeutic properties of essential oils, discussing the significance of dental care and methods for preserving tissues, with a focus on cell biology.This article explores a diverse range of neuroprotective agents, including essential oils, antibiotics, antioxidants, metabolites, and excitotoxins, delving into their effects on biological systems and their use in safeguarding neuronal health.Essential oils exhibit neuroprotective and antiageing potentials, as evidenced by various studies.They have been reported to have neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.This review delves into the curative powers of essential oils, highlighting their antibacterial, antifungal, and antibacterial properties, while recognizing the need for further research to fully understand their healing properties and the limitations of current analytical techniques.
Sample Size Calculation of RNA-sequencing Experiment-A Simulation-Based Approach of TCGA Data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Power and sample size calculation is an essential component of experimental design in biomedical research.For RNA-sequencing experiments, sample size calculations have been proposed based on mathematical models such as Poisson and negative binomial; however, RNA-seq data has exhibited variations, i.e. over-dispersion, that has caused past calculation methods to be under-or over-power.Because of this issue and the field's lack of a simulation-based sample size calculation method for assessing differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data, we developed this method and applied it to three cancer sites from the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas.Our results showed that each cancer site had its own unique dispersion distribution, which influenced the power and sample size calculation.
High ambient pressure of 41 bar increases the cerebral toxicity of penicillins.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sodium benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, and azlocillin were infused intravenously in awake rats at 1 and 41 bar until they convulsed. The doses necessary to elicit convulsions were significantly lower at 41 than at 1 bar, i.e., with a 24% (P less than 0.0005) lower dose of benzylpenicillin and a 23% lower dose of azlocillin (P less than 0.005). The convulsion threshold of cloxacillin was also lower (13%), but not statistically significant. The results show that high pressure reduces the convulsion threshold for some penicillins. Hippocampal amino acid concentrations were also measured in animals exposed to 1 and 41 bar with and without benzylpenicillin treatment. Infusion of benzylpenicillin at 1 bar led to a decrease of 15% in the glutamate level (P less than 0.05), whereas at 41 bar it decreased the level of glutamate by 17% (P less than 0.05) as well as that of glutamine by 19% (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that treatment with penicillin at high ambient pressure may increase the turnover of transmitter glutamate in the rat hippocampus and thus increase the excitability. These effects should be considered when high doses of penicillins are administered to man at high ambient pressure.
Rights transfers in Madagascar biodiversity policies: achievements and significance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights.
The Trickle-Down Effect of Abusive Supervision: The Moderating Effects of Supervisors’ Task Performance and Employee Promotion Focus

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Drawing on both social learning theory and conservation of resources theory, our research examines the trickle-down effect of abusive supervision across three hierarchical levels: managers, supervisors, and employees. Specifically, we investigate the positive relationship between abusive manager behavior and emotional exhaustion through abusive supervisor behavior. In addition, we explore supervisor task performance as a situational factor and employee promotion focus as an individual factor in the relationship between abusive supervisor behavior and emotional exhaustion. Using data from 190 supervisor–subordinate dyads, the results provide support for our trickle-down model of abusive supervision. Moreover, our results show that the positive relationship between abusive supervisor behavior and emotional exhaustion is stronger when supervisor task performance or employee promotion focus is high. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Packaging as a tool to improve the shelf life of poultry meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, recent findings about poultry meat spoilage and packaging systems are discussed. Poultry meat is widely consumed and its consumption has been growing for decades. Raw poultry meat is a highly perishable food with short-term shelf life, and thus, novel strategies for maintaining safety and quality must be applied to meet the demands of the modern consumer. The main cause of meat spoilage is bacterial growth and the goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of GHP ( Good Hygiene Practice ) in the chain of processing, packaging, storage, and distribution of poultry meat in order to avoid economic losses and meet consumer expectations.
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The health, social and economic consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, henceforth COVID-19) pandemic have loomed large as every national government made decisions about how to respond. The 40 Health Systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study aimed to investigate relationships between governments’ capacity to respond (CTR), their response stringency, scope of COVID-19 testing and COVID-19 outcomes. Methods Data over March and April 2020 were extracted for 40 national health systems on prepandemic government CTR (Global Competitiveness Index), stringency measures (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker Stringency Index), approach to COVID-19 testing and COVID-19 cases and deaths (Our-World-in-Data). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis were applied to examine latent dimensions and visualize country similarities and dissimilarities. Outcomes were tested using multivariate and one-way analyses of variances and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. Results The MDS model found three dimensions explaining 91% of the variance and cluster analysis identified five national groupings. There was no association between national governments’ prepandemic CTR and the adoption of early stringent public health measures or approach to COVID-19 testing. Two national clusters applied early stringency measures and reported significantly lower cumulative deaths. The best performing national cluster (comprising Australia, South Korea, Iceland and Taiwan) adopted relatively early stringency measures but broader testing earlier than others, which was associated with a change in disease trajectory and the lowest COVID-19 death rates. Two clusters (one with high CTR and one low) both adopted late stringency measures and narrow testing and performed least well in COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusion Early stringency measures and intrinsic national capacities to deal with a pandemic are insufficient. Extended stringency measures, important in the short term, are not economically sustainable. Broad-based testing is key to managing COVID-19.
Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Monitoring of the Unusual Binary LSI+61 303: Measurements of the Lightcurve and High-Energy Spectrum

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The binary system, LSI+61 303, is unusual both because of the dramatic, periodic, radio outbursts, and because of its possible association with the 100 MeV gamma-ray source, 2CG135+01. We have performed simultaneous radio and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer X-ray observations at eleven intervals over the 26.5 day orbit, and in addition searched for variability on timescales ranging from milliseconds to hours. We confirm the modulation of the X-ray emission on orbital timescales originally reported by Taylor et al. (1996), and in addition we find a significant offset between the peak of the X-ray and radio flux. We argue that based on these results, the most likely X-ray emission mechanism is inverse Compton scattering of stellar photons off of electrons accelerated at the shock boundary between the relativistic wind of a young pulsar and the Be star wind. In these observations we also detected 2 -- 150 keV flux from the nearby low-redshift quasar QSO~0241+622. Comparing these measurements to previous hard X-ray and gamma-ray observations of the region containing both LSI+61 303 and QSO~0241+622, it is clear that emission from the QSO dominates.
JPEC: A Novel Graph Neural Network for Competitor Retrieval in Financial Knowledge Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge graphs have gained popularity for their ability to organize and\nanalyze complex data effectively. When combined with graph embedding\ntechniques, such as graph neural networks (GNNs), knowledge graphs become a\npotent tool in providing valuable insights. This study explores the application\nof graph embedding in identifying competitors from a financial knowledge graph.\nExisting state-of-the-art(SOTA) models face challenges due to the unique\nattributes of our knowledge graph, including directed and undirected\nrelationships, attributed nodes, and minimal annotated competitor connections.\nTo address these challenges, we propose a novel graph embedding model,\nJPEC(JPMorgan Proximity Embedding for Competitor Detection), which utilizes\ngraph neural network to learn from both first-order and second-order node\nproximity together with vital features for competitor retrieval. JPEC had\noutperformed most existing models in extensive experiments, showcasing its\neffectiveness in competitor retrieval.\n
PUDL Raw EIA Form 860M

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Raw US Energy Information Administration (EIA) Form 860M data, archived from https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/ This archive contains raw input data for the Public Utility Data Liberation (PUDL) software developed by Catalyst Cooperative. It is organized into Frictionless Data Packages. For additional information about this data and PUDL, see the following resources: The PUDL Repository on GitHub PUDL Documentation Other Catalyst Cooperative data archives
Supplementary Figure S2 from Phase I Study of SYNB1891, an Engineered <i>E. coli</i> Nissle Strain Expressing STING Agonist, with and without Atezolizumab in Advanced Malignancies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 2. Design of the SYNB1891 Phase 1 study.</p>
The complex relationship between international investment law and climate change initiatives: exploring the tension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International investment law seeks to promote predictability and stability in host state regimes by protecting investors and, as a result, encouraging them to invest. State initiatives to address climate change necessarily involve changes to those regimes. This chapter explores how climate change initiatives can conflict with basic investor protection guarantees found in virtually every investment treaty. It then describes how some recent treaties give host states more flexibility to adopt climate change measures. Finally, this chapter examines recent investor-state arbitration cases in which investors are seeking compensation for losses they have suffered when states renege on commitments intended to encourage investment in climate change mitigation, such as feed-in-tariff (FIT) rate guarantees. These cases illustrate how the stability in host state regimes resulting from investment treaties might support rather than undermine climate change initiatives, although at the cost of host state flexibility to respond to changes in energy demand, fuel prices, and budgetary and other pressures. Overall, much work is needed to adapt investment treaties to the distinctive features of the relationship between climate change and investor protection if they are to support climate change mitigation.
Passage of an integral membrane protein, the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, through the Golgi apparatus en route to the plasma membrane (membrane biogenesis/intracellular glycoprotein transport/immunoelectron microscopy/cryo-ultramicrotomy)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The intracellular pathway of biogenesis of the vesicular stomatitis virus transmembrane glycoprotein was inves- tigated in situ by using indirect immunofluorescence of whole in- fected Chinese hamster ovary cells and immunoelectron micros- copy of ultrathin frozen sections of infected cells. Transport of the glycoprotein was synchronized by using the temperature-sensitive virus mutant Orsay-45 and a temperature shift-down protocol. Sequential appearance of the glycoprotein in the rough endo- plasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasmalemma was dem- onstrated. The potential of this system for further studies is discussed. Essential to an understanding of membrane function is a better comprehension of the mechanisms of biogenesis and assembly of the different membrane components. Transmembrane pro- teins are a particularly interesting class of membrane compo-
Checklist of Fish Species Richness of Jai Prakash Narayan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present paper deals with the fish species richness of the Suraha Lake. The study was made during August 2002-July 2004. In the course of investigation at three sampling spots Mairitar, Surajpura and Basantpur, 54 fish species were recorded under 7 orders and 20 families. Twentyone species of Cypriniformes, 12 species of Siluriformes, 3 species of Symbrachiformes, 13 species of Perciformes, 1 species of Tetradontiformes, 3 species of Clupeiformes and 1 species of Beloniformes have been recorded.
Bacterial invasion of the sinus mucosa.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pathohistological examinations show that bacterial infection of the sinus mucosa starts in the mucosal secretion, spreads out to the glandular cells, which are the points of least resistance, and only reaches the deeper mucosal layer when the normal arrangement of the epithelial cells and the basal membrane are broken up. Hence treatment of sinus infection starts with the restauration of the mucosa defence system and when using antibiotics it is essential that antibacterial active concentrations are established both in sinus mucosa and sinus secretion.
[Differential expression of secretagogin and glucose-related protein 78 in colorectal carcinoma: a proteome study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The 2-DE combined with MS is a powerful tool for screening potential tumor biomarkers. The differentially expressed candidate proteins identified by 2-DE may be of significance in understanding the tumorigenesis of the colon cancer. SCGN is a potential biomarker for neuroendocrinal differentiation. GRP78 up-regulation in colorectal carcinomas may be related to its post-translational modification.
Climate Disasters in Cold Regions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter introduces disasters in cold regions in detail, including their definitions, classification, characteristics, and causes. Disasters in cold regions are frequent and most of them are induced by climate change. Disasters in cold regions include snow- and ice-melt floods, glacial-lake outbursts and flows of glacial debris and are related to snow and ice activity. Snowmelt floods are formed by melting snow, referred to as snow floods. They generally occur in the spring and summer in the middle and high latitudes and high mountain areas, and can be divided into two types: plain and mountainous. Freezing rain is rain maintained at temperatures below freezing by the ambient air mass that causes freezing on contact with surfaces. Unlike a mixture of rain and snow or ice pellets, freezing rain is made entirely of liquid droplets. Ice-avalanche disasters are closely related to the movement and ablation of glaciers.
A Method of Calculation of the Solar Radio Flux Density for High Spatial Resolution Observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a method of calculation of the flux density of radio source for high spatial resolution solar radio observations, i.e., according to the observed solar antenna temperature, we make a correction for the K factor of antenna power pattern, then we can obtain values of solar radio flux. According to models of different brightness temperature distributions of the quiet sun and radio sources, we deduced the expression of the K factor of antenna power pattern, and calculated the fluxes of the quiet sun and slowly varying component emission of radio sources at 22 GHz.
[Detection of physical status of human papillomavirus 16 in cervical cancer tissue and SiHa cell line by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiplex real-time PCR test is a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for detecting the physical status of HPV-16 DNA, and is convenient to be applied in paraffin-embedded tissue and small preneoplastic or early neoplastic cervical lesions, even in cervical scrapes which contain a small amount of DNA.