jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thoughts on endowment fundraising for libraries

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Libraries rely on endowment revenue for collection development and general operating expenses. Endowment gifts, both for collection development and for general operating expenses, can be a significant priority for a library during this fund-raising effort. As such, it is this column's goal to summarize the challenges and advantages of these endowment gifts, and strategies for endowment fundraising in libraries. Design/methodology/approach Uses lessons learned by endowment efforts at the University of Pennsylvania Library, noting strategies that have worked. Findings Endowments present unique challenges and opportunities. While their benefits to the library are often less understood and intangible, often they are more accessible to donors due to a low threshold for establishment and the flexibility to give over a period of years. Originality/value Challenges and advantages are explored and strategies are offered to improve the effectiveness of endowment fundraising including marketing, challenge programs, and bequest encouragement.
Light-trapping schemes for silicon thin-film solar cells via super-quadratic subwavelength gratings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We systematically investigate the light-trapping schemes of crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) for three common grating layouts via one-dimensional super-quadratic subwavelength gratings. The effects of antireflective coating, absorber layer thickness, and grating geometry on the light-trapping performance of TFSCs are numerically studied using the finite-difference time-domain method. The results suggest that the conformal aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) coatings have better optical properties than the plane AZO coatings. For the case of only top Si gratings, the grating geometry of degree $n={4}$n=4 can achieve a good trade-off between the shape-dependent light-trapping and antireflection properties, showing the best light-trapping effect; for the case of only bottom Ag gratings, the optical performance of TFSCs is significantly degraded as the degree $n$n increases from $n={1}$n=1 to $n\to\infty$n→∞. The above findings are analyzed and demonstrated in detail from the optical and electrical perspectives, and they can be utilized to guide the design of light-trapping structures for TFSCs.
Bis(μ-2-methylquinolin-1-ium-8-olato-κ2O:O′)bis[(2-methylquinolin-1-ium-8-olato-κO)tris(nitrato-κ2O,O′)lanthanum(III)]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The two independent N-heterocycles in the centrosymmetric title compound, [La(2)(C(10)H(9)NO)(4)(NO(3))(6)], exist in the zwitterionic form. One of these binds to one metal center, whereas the other bridges two metal centers. The La atom is chelated by three nitrate groups and is surrounded by nine O atoms in a coordination environment based on a distorted monocapped square-anti-prism. The dinuclear structure is further stabilized by intra-molecular N-H⋯O(nitrate) hydrogen bonds.
Historical perspectives on contemporary medicinal plant use by Khoe-San descendants in the Cederberg region of South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The inhabitants of the Cederberg region in South Africa are partly descendants from the original San hunter-gatherers and Khoe-Khoen pastoralists who inhabited the Greater Cape Floristic Region [1] and therefore represent a historical link to the most ancient of human cultures of the Stone Age with their associated plant use practises. Recent ethnobotanical survey work has revealed a rich diversity of medicinal plants that are still used in the Cederberg area. The materia medica includes close to 100 plant species and five animal products. The chewing of leaves as a common method of administration is of special interest, as it provides evidence for a link to the earliest form of human medicine as practised by the original San inhabitants of the Cederberg, who did not have cooking pots and therefore were unable to make infusions and decoctions. The common use of infusions as teas (apparently dating back to the early Dutch period) [2] is also noteworthy, because of the diversity of plant species used. These include rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), which is sub-endemic to the region, but also poorly known species such as waboomtee (Rafnia amplexicaulis) and lidjiestee (species of Leyssera and Thesium). Historical records by Van der Stel (1685), Thunberg (1774), Pappe (1857) and others [3,4] provides fascinating data for comparisons with contemporary plant uses. Interesting examples include sand-ui (Veltheimia capensis), gifbol (Boophone disticha), buchu (Agathosma betulina), bergtontelbos (Asclepias cancellata), kougoed (Sceletium tortuosum) and doringmelkbos (Euphorbia loricata). The data support the concept of a unique and distinct but as yet poorly described Cape healing system, for which the name Cape Herbal Medicine has been proposed [5].
Predicting bait uptake by feral cats, Felis catus, in semi‐arid environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Feral cat control using aerial broadcasting of toxic baits continues to be used in the rangelands of W estern A ustralia. The effectiveness of these operations has sometimes been compromised by different environmental factors that affect prey and cat numbers. This study demonstrates that the ratio of cats to their preferred prey (small mammals) can be used to predict the most effective time to bait. The regular baiting of three conservation sites offered an opportunity to study the relationship between feral cat abundance, the abundance of their prey and ingestion of toxic baits. Peron P eninsula on the mid‐west coast, Lorna Glen station in the northern Goldfields and the central Gibson Desert of W estern A ustralia are sites where cat control using toxic baits has been routinely applied over the last 15 years. We postulated that bait ingestion by cats was linked to the availability of live prey. Small mammal abundance (capture rates in pit‐fall traps) and relative cat abundance (based on daily track counts) were assessed at these sites and the data used to produce a predator‐prey ratio index ( PPRI ). We used generalised linear mixed models to test the effect of prey abundance, prebaiting cat abundance and PPRI on baiting efficacy ( BE ). The best model for predicting efficacy of baiting contained only PPRI . This simple model was able to predict baiting success over the entire range of outcomes, from highly successful ( >75% cat reduction) to unsuccessful (0% cat reduction). The ability to predict feral cat BE in advance of planned toxic baiting operations will provide a valuable tool for wildlife managers involved in cat control.
Leadership challenges facing school principals in implementation of general quality education improvement program: the case of Wolaita Zone Town Administration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined challenges facing school leadership in implementation of GEQIP in selected public primary schools in Wolaita Town Administration. A sample of 13 (81.25%) primary schools involved in the study. The study was a descriptive survey research design where questionnaires, interviews, focused-group discussion and document analysis were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Systematic random sampling method was employed to select the sample schools. While simple random sampling technique was used to select sample teacher, department heads and supervisors, purposive sampling technique was used to select the school principals and viceprincipals, PTAs and KETB members and students who participated in the study. The study showed that in the implementation process of GEQIP the main challenges schools’ leadership experience were lack of support, lack of commitment, lack of incentives, lack of understanding and weak collaboration of stakeholders. For effective implementation of GEQIP the study recommended teachers’ empowerment via distributed leadership, establishment of incentive and reward system for implementers, arrangement of refreshing programs and diversified sources of support.
Predictors of individual quality of life in young people with down syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Although the concept of quality of life (QoL) has become a reference framework for the provision of support and services to people with intellectual disability (ID), its conceptualization and application for persons with Down syndrome (DS) has received little attention. This study analyzes QoL outcomes in children and young people with DS and examines the influence of several individual and environmental variables on QoL. Research method: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were 404 children and young people with DS aged 4 to 21 who were users of 73 organizations providing services to people with ID. The KidsLife-Down Scale was used to assess QoL-related personal outcomes perceived by professionals and relatives. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Correlation coefficients were computed and multiple regression analyses were conducted for each QoL domain and for the composite score. Results: The highest scores were obtained in material wellbeing, physical wellbeing, and rights, whereas the lowest scores were observed in self-determination and social inclusion. Multiple regression analyses showed that age, level of ID, level of support needs, degree of dependency, type of schooling, and size of organization were predicting factors of scores in QoL domains. Conclusions: This study underlines priority areas and relevant variables that must be considered when planning, implementing, and assessing supports and services to improve the QoL of children and young people with DS.
Effect of dental caries and socioeconomic status on social capital throughout adolescence: a 6-year follow-up

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of clinical and socioeconomic factors on social capital throughout adolescence. A cohort study was performed in 2012 (T1) with a random sample of 1,134 12-year-old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil. Questions on socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, household crowding) were answered by the parents. Clinicians evaluated their dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled status of permanent teeth) and gingival bleeding (using the Community Periodontal Index). Contextual variables including the mean income of the neighborhood in which the school was located were used (T1). The adolescents were revaluated in 2018 (T2) and answered questions regarding social capital (social trust, social control, empowerment, neighborhood security, and political effectiveness). A path analysis was used to test the relationship between the predictor variables (T1) and social capital (T2). A total of 768 adolescents were reevaluated at a 6-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.7%). Most of the adolescents were girls, with a low household income, about 40% had caries experience (T1), and about 64% had high social capital (T2). The highest neighborhood's mean income was related to a lower household income in T1 (p < 0.01), and this was directly related to a low social capital in T2 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, caries experience at T1 was directly associated with low social capital at T2 (p = 0.03). Socioeconomic factors were also related to caries experience. Individuals who lived in neighborhoods with greater inequality such as families with a low household income and those with untreated dental caries in early adolescence, had a low social capital after follow-up.
Pullback Moduli Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Geometric invariant theory can be used to construct moduli spaces associated to representations of finite dimensional algebras. One difficulty which occurs in various natural cases is that nonisomorphic modules are sent to the same point in the moduli spaces which arise. In this article, we study how this collapsing phenomenon can sometimes be reduced by considering pullbacks of modules for an auxiliary algebra. One application is a geometric proof that the twisting action of an algebra automorphism induces an algebraic isomorphism between moduli spaces.
Facilitation of diphosphate group elimination from geranyl diphosphate by magnesium ion chelation in cyclic monoterpenoid biosynthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The role of divalent metal ions in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenoids has been investigated by an analysis of the 31P and 13C NMR spectra of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) in the presence and in the absence of Mg2+. This study revealed that Mg2+ binds to the diphosphate moiety of GPP in the ratio of 1 : 1, equidistantly from both phosphorus atoms, and that Mg2+ chelation weakens the C(1 )–O(5) bond of GPP, facilitating elimination of the diphosphate group.
Infinite Previsions and Finitely Additive Expectations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give an extension of de Finetti's concept of coherence to unbounded (but real-valued) random variables that allows for gambling in the presence of infinite previsions. We present a finitely additive extension of the Daniell integral to unbounded random variables that we believe has advantages over Lebesgue-style integrals in the finitely additive setting. We also give a general version of the Fundamental Theorem of Prevision to deal with conditional previsions and unbounded random variables.
Ammonium and Substituted Ammonium Sulfamates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmmonium and Substituted Ammonium SulfamatesM. Josetta. Butler and L. F. AudriethCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 4, 914–915Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01873a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01873a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Silver‐Decorated TiO 2 Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different amounts have successfully been deposited, by simple impregnation on the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) developed by the hydrothermal method. A textural and structural study of prepared materials was conducted using different analysis techniques, namely X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance UV‐Vis (DR/UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in addition to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The nanostructured prepared materials were tested for their antibacterial activity on four strains, i. e. two Gram‐negative (G−) bacteria, namely Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and A. baumanni ATCC 19606, and two Gram positive (G+) bacteria, i. e. S.aureus ATCC 6538 and E.cloacae ATCC 13047. The antioxidant effect was also tested on the reference radical DPPH° (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyle). AgNPs supported on TiO2 showed good antibacterial activity against the four selected strains. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed in the case of the low‐grade silver‐doped catalyst (0.1 % Ag/TiO2). Differently from the antibacterial activity, the antioxidant effect of the prepared materials was found to be pronounced in the cases of materials with high silver contents for which there was degradation of the radical in comparison with the one of the reference acid.
Modeling flight

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The author described a program, which provides a framework and a simple set of generic equations that may be used to simulate the in-flight characteristics of a conventional aircraft. Secondarily, the model will have realistic behavior when compared to existing aircraft. The implementation is explained by describing the major areas that constitute the model. These areas are: constants, aircraft parameters, variables, model equations, time history calculations, control input, and graphical presentation. The simulation will run, in real-time, on an IBM PC/AT class of computer. The model framework is sufficiently robust to allow the accuracy and completeness of the simulation to be modified and extended.< >
A Theatre of Blood and Sperm: New Trends in British Theatre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ted Hughes’ and Geoffrey Hill’s largely retrospective late sequences (Birthday Letters / Canaan and The Triumph of Love) are read as poetic renderings of account in the private or, respectively, public mode by two poets whose reputations were already firmly established in the Sixties. In some ways these poets prove antithetical, or rather complementary: accessible vs. learnedly allusive, confessional vs. moralistic, insular vs. European. But the fact that their texts reflect the traumatic aspects of the twentieth century in order to use them – if, at times, in a questionable manner – for purposes of passionate mourning and accusation, makes them comparable, and ultimately representative of British poetry at the fin de siècle.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Responders and Non-responders to Hamstring Stretching in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hamstring muscle (HM) flexibility is frequently compromised in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP), contributing to disability and leading to a less favorable recovery. In a previous article, we presented the results of a study on the immediate effect of passive HM stretching on flexibility in 90 people with CLBP. There was considerable variability in the changes after stretching. The objective of this supplementary analysis was to compare the clinical characteristics of individuals who experienced a significant improvement in flexibility with those who did not. We fixed a threshold of 7° to indicate an improvement in passive Straight Leg Raise (SLR) angle and differentiate between &#039;Responders&#039; and &#039;Non-responders&#039; to passive HM stretching. Only Body Mass Index differed between groups; it was significantly smaller in Responders (p=0.007). The majority of Non-responders experienced workplace accidents, but this was of marginal difference compared to Responders (p=0.056). Further studies should consider a broader clinical analysis with a larger sample size to understand which factors influence the HM stretching response in CLBP patients.
Improved environmental stability, electrical and EMI shielding properties of vapor‐grown carbon fiber‐filled polyaniline‐based nanocomposite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An all polymeric electrically conductive thermoset adhesive resin system is prepared for future lightning strike protection applications. Polyaniline (PANI)‐based hybrid nano‐composite is prepared by incorporating high apparent‐density type vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF‐H) as additional conductive filler. Electrical, mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of PANI‐dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), and divinylbenzene (DVB) system are improved with addition of VGCF‐H. Different weight percentages of VGCF‐H in the PANI‐DBSA/DVB matrix, are studied, and their effect on composite's properties are investigated. Electrical conductivity up to 1.89 S/cm with the addition of 5 wt% VGCF‐H is achieved, which is almost 300% improvement compared with previous system. However, the maximum flexural modulus is obtained at 3 wt% of VGCF‐H. The change in the electronic structure of PANI with the addition of VGCF‐H is investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. Rheological study and Differential scanning calorimetry analysis were employed to show the effect of VGCF‐H concentration on curing profile of the nanocomposites. EMI shielding properties of the composite with and without VGCF‐H are measured in X‐band frequencies and compared. Composite with 5 wt% VGCF‐H has shown EMI shielding effectiveness about 51 dB in X‐band, which is higher than the composite without VGCF‐H (around 22 dB). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:956–963, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Visual Codes in Children’s Books: from Symbolic and Abstract Narration to Contemporary Illustrated Works

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines a selection of emblematic works of children’s literature characterized by the use of abstract imagery, composed exclusively of shapes and colors that invite readers to engage in symbolic decoding to interpret characters and settings. The aim is to explore significant examples from the early 1920s to contemporary productions, highlighting how this distinctive mode of representation can provide valuable insights from historical-educational and visual literacy perspectives.
Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activity of exopolysaccharide from Bacillus velezensisSN‐1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Exopolysaccharide biopolymers produced by microorganisms are crucial to the environment. They contribute to areas such as the health and bionanotechnology sectors, food and cosmetic industries as gelling agents, and environmental sector as flocculants owing to their biodegradability and non‐toxic nature. The current study aimed to isolate the fraction of released exopolysaccharide (rEPS) by Bacillus velezensis SN‐1 from Chinese Da‐Jiang. RESULTS The weighted average molecular weight of the major isolated component, rEPS‐2, was 202 kDa, and its monosaccharide composition included mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 0.38:0.30:0.32. Further, the rEPS‐2 was characterized using methylation analysis and one‐dimensional/two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D/2D NMR) spectroscopy. In vivo hepatoprotective effects indicated that rEPS‐2 could alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )‐induced liver injury in mice by lowering the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, rEPS‐2 can increase the expression of antioxidant genes HO‐1, GCLC and NQO1 in the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thereby increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and reduced catalase (CAT) in liver cells. Furthermore, the rEPS‐2 can be used and modulate the gut microbiota of mice with liver injury caused by CCl 4 . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that rEPS‐2 has promising potential to serve as hepatoprotective agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.