jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Macrophage-CD4+ T cell interactions in HIV-1 spread

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are the main targets for productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in vivo. HIV-1 transmission at immune cell synapses, such as the multi-molecular HIV-1-induced virological synapse (VS) formed between T cells, is a more efficient method of viral dissemination than infection by cell-free virus, with important implications for HIV-1 prophylaxis and eradication. Infected macrophages can transfer HIV-1 to CD4+ T cells in a contact- dependent manner. However, the mechanism(s) of intercellular HIV-1 transmission between primary macrophages and CD4+ T cells are poorly defined. Here I investigate the organisation of the macrophage-T cell VS, which like the VS formed between T cells is dependent on envelope glycoprotein (Env) binding to CD4, and is stabilised by ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions. However, unlike the T cell VS, where polarised budding of virions occurs at the donor cell membrane, VS-transmission from macrophages involves actin-dependent relocation of HIV-1 contained within the macrophage virus-containing compartment. Macrophage VS-mediated transmission results in highly efficient productive T cell infection at multiplicities capable of largely overcoming antiretroviral inhibition. Compared with cell-free infection of T cells, VS-transmission by macrophages is equally susceptible to broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) against gp120, but relatively resistant to bNAbs targeting the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, probably via steric hindrance. In a related project, I investigated how HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells might infect macrophages. Interaction of macrophages with HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells resulted in rapid phagocytic uptake of the infected T cells, which correlated with efficient productive macrophage infection. This route of transmission also permitted macrophage infection with transmitted/founder HIV-1 clones that inefficiently replicate in macrophages following cell-free inoculation, potentially implicating macrophages in the mucosal amplification of transmitted HIV-1. Overall, these data indicate an important role for cell-to-cell transmission between macrophages and CD4+ T cells in various aspects of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Investigation of Discharges Influence on Boundary Layer in Supersonic Airflow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University (MSU) as follows: The contractor will develop methods of creation of plasmas of different types of gas discharges near the surface of airplanes and in the boundary layers. He will also develop methods of analysis of plasma properties in plasma regions near the surface. The following experimental work will be done in supersonic air flow (M<2) at pressures between 1 and 200 Torr: a) measurement of friction drag on a flat plate without plasma flow; b) same as (a) with plasma jet flow, and with corona discharge; and c) measurement of friction drag of the plate treated with plasma. A theoretical analysis of the obtained results will also be delivered.
A theoretical method for the calculation of frequency- and temperature-dependent interaction constants applicable to the predictive assessment of laser materials processing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of the Ashcroft and Sturm theory on the optical properties of metals, a theoretical model is proposed for the prediction of frequency- and temperature-dependent interaction properties of pure metals subjected to laser irradiation in laser processing applications. This model is directly suitable for on-line coupling to numerical process modelling without any recursion to external experimental data fitting. The model results show a general good agreement both with other theoretical and experimental results for the case of aluminium, and are considered to represent an important step forward in view of the practical development of laser processing applications, for which a lack of reliable laser-matter interaction constants is noticeable.
Compact in-fiber polarizer based on the hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A broadband, compact in-fiber polarizer was fabricated by using a pulsed CO2 laser to modify the air-holes along oneside of a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. The polarizer has a length of 3 to 6mm and exhibits a polarization extinction ratio of better than 20 dB over a wavelength range of 100nm around 1550nm.
Hybrid caching for cloud storage to support traditional application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To take better advantage of cloud storage, it is necessary to migrate traditional application to the cloud. In existing cloud storage platforms, files are divided into chunks and redundantly stored, but in such circumstances, random file write may lead to much delay. It is quite common to access file randomly in traditional applications, therefore the performance of traditional application will be reduced after being migrated to the cloud. In order to solve the problem, we propose the idea of adding client-side caching to augment the cloud storage. In this way, most data access operations are executed on client-side rather than in cloud. File write delay and the cloud load will be reduced consequently. With this point in mind, we designed and implemented LabCloud. Similar with other block/file cloud storages, the system is designed to be chunk layout, but a hybrid caching file system CFS is complemented on the client-side. CFS could be mounted on client-side file system, and is compatible with POSIX file system interface, thus traditional application deployed in local host can be configured and running in it without modification. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of LabCloud and evaluate the system by test suites and experiments. Results demonstrate that it meets the requirement of most traditional applications, and the performance of random file access in cloud is improved.
Perceiving a face : a dual-process model account.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The paper reviewed recent findings on face recognition across cognitive- and social-based studies, and compared existing models of face recognition. Identifying a need for a more general model, dual-process model of face recognition was proposed. The model suggests automatic process and controlled process underlie face recognition and explain differences between familiar and unfamiliar face recognition. Incorporating social elements into face recognition, context information was proposed to facilitate the recognition mechanism. Next, the article discussed the transition from an unfamiliar face to a familiar face, and the role of the two processes. The new model explained findings on prosopagnosia, face learning, own-age advantage and other phenomena. The paper ended with a discussion on the potential implications as well as possible future directions to pursue, and urged for more cross-disciplinary research.
Promoting collaboration in a computer-supported medical learning environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses collaborative learning in the medical domain. In particular, it focuses on the evaluation of a component specially devised to promote collaborative learning using AMPLIA. AMPLIA is an intelligent multi-agent environment to support diagnostic reasoning and the modeling of diagnostic hypotheses in domains with complex, and uncertain knowledge, such as the medical domain. Recently, AMPLIA has been extended with a new component providing support in workgroup formation. Workgroups are proposed based on individual aspects of the students, such as learning style, performance, affective state, personality traits, and also on group aspects, such as acceptance and social skills. The paper also presents and discusses the results of an experiment evaluating the performance of workgroups composed according to suggestions provided by the system.
The Truth Norm Account of Justification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis is about the relationship between a belief being justified and it being true. It defends a version of the view that the fundamental point of having a justified belief is to have a true one. The particular version of that view it defends is the claim that belief is subject to a truth norm – i.e. a norm or standard that says that one should believe something if and only if it’s true. It claims that belief being subject to such a truth norm can explain which beliefs count as justified and which do not. After introducing the idea of a truth norm (Ch. 1), the argument of my thesis involves two main stages. Part One of the thesis (Chs. 2-3) contains the first stage, in which I argue that my way of arguing for a truth norm, on the basis of its explanatory role in epistemology, is much more likely to be successful than a more popular way of arguing for a truth norm, on the basis of its explanatory role in the philosophy of mind. Part Two (Chs. 4-7) contains the second stage, in which I argue that the truth norm can indeed explain justification in the way I’ve outlined. I do this by answering four criticisms that have been made of the claim that belief is subject to a truth norm. These criticisms claim that a truth norm should be rejected because, in turn, a truth norm cannot guide belief formation (Ch. 4), because a truth norm prescribes believing all the truths (Ch. 5), because a truth norm never prescribes suspending judgement (Ch. 6), and because a truth norm in some cases prescribes making problematic trade-offs of having one false belief for the sake of having many true beliefs (Ch. 7). I argue that all of these criticisms fail. But it is through answering these criticisms that we can see the contours of a defensible explanation of justification in terms of the truth norm.
Effects of Probiotics on Performance, Carcass Yield and Internal Organs in Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Probiotics have been used increasingly in poultry diets after the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters in the EU. Probiotics include beneficial microorganisms that may have positive effects on the intestinal tract of poultry. This study was aimed to determine the effects of dietary probiotics on performance, carcass yield and internal organs in broilers. Methods: A total of 300 Ross 308 broiler male chicks aged one day were divided into one control group and two treatment groups each group containing 100 chicks. Each group was divided into 5 replicates, as subgroups, each comprising 20 chicks. Feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption and the diets were presented in mash form. The experimental period lasted 39 days. Basal diet was supplemented with the probiotics (Nafoil forte, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Biotem Ltd Company). Probiotics were added at 0.1 and 0.2% to the first and second treatment groups, respectively. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. At the end of the experiment (d 39) 10 broilers from each group were weighed and slaughtered by severing the jugular vein. Hot carcass weights were determined and carcass yield was calculated. Absolute and proportional weights of abdominal fat, liver, heart, spleen, gizzard and Bursa of Fabricius were also determined. Results: Dietary supplementation of probiotics containing Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae didn't affect the final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency during the 39 days of experimental period. Probiotics supplementation increased carcass yield (P < 0.05) and decreased abdominal fat percentages (P < 0.05). Relative weights of liver, heart, gizzard, spleen and Bursa of Fabricius were not affected from the usage of probiotics. Discussion: Dietary probiotics supplementation improved carcass yield and decreased the abdominal fat significantly without changing other performance parameters in broilers. As a conclusion dietary probiotics supplementation might be beneficial additives for broilers.
Clients Perception on Apparel Fit Made With Pattern Drafting and Free-Hand Cutting Technique

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

\nTo assess the clients’ perceptions on apparel fit made with pattern drafting and free-hand cutting technique. Clients were involved so that the study can perfectly evaluate the methods which were more likely to gain market acceptability and can contribute to the growth of the business. Focus group discussion was instituted among the clients to elaborate more on the topic for the study. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured discussion guide to assess the extent to which apparel constructed with pattern drafting and free-hand cutting meet the expectations of clients. The clients expressed various views on apparel fit and finally concluded that apparently there was no way the apparel constructed through the use of patterns can be compared to the one directly cut on the fabric. All the clients mentioned they had bought ready-made new clothes and they could testify their fit. On the outlook of the apparel, almost all (N=13) the clients indicated that there were differences in appearance of apparel made with free-hand cutting, pattern drafting and ready-made new clothes.\n
Jejunal Biopsy in Childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MCLJORAmeal was booked and she was discharged on June 23.She was readmitted on June 29 as the epigastric pain had continued and become more severe.She had vomited once.She was apyrexial and there was only moderate epigastric tenderness without signs of peri- tonitis.Over the next 48 hours, however, her pulse rate rose and she developed signs of a generalized peritonitis.At laparotomy on July I she was found to have gangrene of the middle 3 ft. of the small bowel and gross oedema of the mesentery due to thrombosis of the mesenteric veins.Good pulsation was felt in the mesenteric arteries.The infarcted bowel was resected.Intravenous heparin 10,000 units six- hourly and tetracycline were commenced im- mediately post-operatively.The heparin was discontinued on July 15 because the patient had three melaena stools.She made a good recovery and was discharged on August 10.Two months later she was symptom free, having one bowel action a day, and had maintained her weight.This case seems worth reporting be- cause it illustrates:(1) The duration of symptoms before infarction of the bowel occurs--in this case four weeks.(2) That with timely resection of in- farcted bowel and immediate post- operative anticoagulant therapy survival is possible.(3) That the condition may begin in the later weeks of pregnancy, and may in this case have contributed to the intra- uterine death.We are grateful to
FGMOS Optimal Curvature-Corrected Voltage Reference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CMOS voltage reference with a logarithmic curvature-correction will be presented. The first-order compensation is realized using an original OVF (offset voltage follower) block as PTAT voltage generator, with the advantages of reducing the silicon area and of increasing accuracy by replacing matched resistors with matched transistors. The new logarithmic curvature-correction technique will be implemented using an ADA (asymmetric differential amplifier) block for compensating the logarithmic temperature dependent term from the first-order compensated voltage reference. In order to increase the circuit accuracy, an original temperature dependent current generator will be designed for computing the exact type of the implemented curvature-correction. The replacing of classical MOS devices by a FGMOS transistor will reduce the circuit area, allowing an important increasing of the circuit accuracy that could be achieved by increasing the current generator complexity. The SPICE simulations confirm the theoretical estimated results, showing very small values of the temperature coefficient
[Relationship between infections of the genitalia and udder in cows].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

It was found that the pathogenic and occasionally pathogenic bacteria were readily transmitted in cows, originating from the genital tract, and more specifically from the uterine and vaginal discharge to the udder through the lactogenic route. The study of a total of 183 metritis-affected cows for the presence of Streptococcus uberis revealed that the pathogen could be found in the genital tract and in the udder in 20.7 per cent of the investigated cows, and it could be isolated simultaneously from the two organs in 82.6 per cent of the cases. In another group of cows also affected with metritis the study for the presence of different bacterial agents established coincidence in their simultaneous isolation from the uters and the udder in 61.2 per cent of the cases.
Thermoelectric Power Hydrogen Sensors for Reversible Hydrogen Storage Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermoelectric power has demonstrated a capability for rapid hydrogen assessment and can achieve the equivalent of the pressure-composition-temperature (activity) diagram. Effective use of hydrogen storage materials occurs in the alpha+beta two-phase region of the activity diagram. A thorough assessment of the content of each phase in this two-phase region can optimize the performance of hydrogen storage materials. The use of thermoelectric power measurements as a hydrogen sensor for reversible batteries is discussed.
Genetic Architecture of Testis and Seminal Vesicle Weights in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Comparisons across 13 inbred strains of laboratory mice for reproductive organ (paired seminal vesicles and paired testes) weights indicated a very marked contrast between the C57BL/6By and NZB/BINJ mice. Subsequently these strains were selected to perform a quantitative genetic analysis and full genome scan for seminal vesicle and testis weights. An F2 population was generated. The quantitative genetic analyses indicated that each was linked to several genes. Sixty-six short sequences for length polymorphism were used as markers in the wide genome scan strategy. For weight of paired testes, heritability was 82.3% of the total variance and five QTL contributed to 72.8% of the total variance. Three reached a highly significant threshold (&gt;4.5) and were mapped on chromosome X (LOD score 9.11), chromosome 4 (LOD score 5.96), chromosome 10 (LOD score 5.81); two QTL were suggested: chromosome 13 (LOD score 3.10) and chromosome 18 (LOD score 2.80). Heritability for weight of seminal vesicles was 50.7%. One QTL was mapped on chromosome 4 (LOD score 9.21) and contributed to 24.2% of the total variance. The distance of this QTL to the centromere encompassed the distance of the QTL linked with testicular weight on chromosome 4, suggesting common genetic mechanisms as expected from correlations in the F2. Both testis and seminal vesicle weights were associated with a reduction in the NZB/BINJ when this strain carried the YNPAR from CBA/H whereas the YNPAR from NZB/BINJ in the CBA/H strain did not modify reproductive organ weights, indicating that the YNPAR interacts with the non-YNPAR genes. The effects generated by this chromosomal region were significant but small in size.
Validity Of Consumer-based Physical Activity Monitors In Semi-structured Activities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: A variety of wrist-worn consumer activity monitors are commercially available to track daily physical activity including steps taken, sleep, and energy expenditure (EE). However, little is known about the validity of EE from these consumer-based monitors. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the validity of different consumer-based activity monitors against a criterion measure during semi-structured periods of sedentary activity, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise session. METHODS: A total of 28 males and 24 females (ages 18-65) performed 20 minutes of self-selected sedentary activities, 25 minutes of aerobic exercise on a treadmill, and 25 minutes of resistance exercise, with 5 minutes rest between each activity. Each participant simultaneouslywore Fitbit Flex (FF), Polar Loop (PL), Misfit Shine (MS), Nike+Fuelband SE (NF), Jawbone UP (JU) on the wrist, Actigraph GT3X+ on the waist, and BodyMedia Core (BMC) on the left arm while being concurrently monitored with the Oxycon Mobile (OM), a portable metabolic system (i.e., criterion). Equivalence testing and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) were used to evaluate the agreement between each activity monitor and the OM for the overall group comparison and each of the activity sessions. RESULTS: For the overall group comparison, EE values only from the GT3X+ and FF were significantly equivalent to those from the OM (±10% equivalence zone: 268.1, 369.3). The UP, BMC, and NF nearly achieved equivalence. The MAPE values for BMC, FF, GT3X+, NF, UP, MS, and PL were 15.3%, 16.7%, 16.8%, 17.1%, 18.2%, 30.4%, and 40.3%, respectively. The correlations between OM and consumer monitors were generally high (r= 0.71 to r = 0.90) except for PL (r=.38). Three monitors had MAPE values less than 20% for sedentary activity: BM (15.7%), MF (18.2%), and NF (20.0%). Two monitors had MAPE values less than 20% for aerobice: BM (17.2%) and NF (18.5%). None of the monitors had MAPE values less than 25% for resistance exercise. CONCLUSION: Overall, the BMC, FF, GT3X+, NF, and JU provided reasonably accurate total EE estimates. However, larger error was evident for individual activities, especially resistance exercise. Further research is needed to examine these monitors across various activities and intensities, and under real-world conditions.
Dayton, Ohio

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

STREETS: Bank [300-439]; Fifth W. [556-640]; Germantown [500-631]; Germantown [700-712]; Louie [1-67]; Norwood Ave. [1-25]; Norwood Ave. [100-231]; Sprague [200-348]; SPECIALS: Durst Flour Corp'n; Harris-Seybold Co. Seybold Mach. Div.; Harris-Seybold-Potter Co. Seybold Machine Division; Mt. Enon Baptist Church; Norwood Avenue Christian Ch. (C'l'd)
Synthesis and Characterization of Compartmental Macrocyclic Binuclear Copper(II) Complex with Bidentate Perchlorato Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Compartmental Schiff base ligand, Dinuclear complex, Bridging perchlorate anion, Macrocycliccopper(II) complex, Crystal structureIn recent years, there has been immense interest in study-ing binuclear metal complexes using macrocyclic compart-mental ligands derived from 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoland diamines.
Unusual case of anxiety: trichloroethylene neurotoxicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

I present an uncommon case of recurrent, intractable anxiety that was presented acutely and slowly evolved into a chronic debilitating condition. A young previously fit and healthy 24-year-old patient presents with somewhat atypical symptoms of anxiety. Full medical work-up including examination, blood, ECG electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and CT of the head was unremarkable. When the history was explored in detail, it was revealed he worked in the navy and was exposed to a neurotoxic solvent, trichloroethylene. This case highlights the importance of eliciting a detailed occupational history, particularly paying attention to patient demographics such as occupation and presenting symptoms that do not readily fit into diagnostic criteria.