jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on the Effect of Diverse Substrates on the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (Oyster Mushroom)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) is an eatable mushroom with an exceptional aroma and savour. It is suited to be cultivated in temperate as well as tropical climate. Aim: This research was aimed at comparing the effects of different substrates on the cultivation of P. ostreatus. Method and Materials: The substrates used in this study were cornhusk, sawdust with wood shavings, banana leaves and a combination of all the substrates. All substrates bags were inoculated with 52.5 mL teaspoon of spawn, autoclaved at 1210C and 1.1 kg/cm2 pressure and incubated under appropriate conditions both at the cropping room and fruiting chambers. The linear mycelia growth and biological efficiency were determined. Result: The time for spawn running varied between 20-60 days and time for harvesting took between 60-85 days. The maximum linear mycelia growth after spawn running, were observed on cornhusk and the longest mycelia growth time was observed on sawdust which took 60 days after spawn running. Maximum yield of P. ostreatus was obtained in cornhusk treatments with an average weight value of 92.1 g. The minimum yield observed on sawdust was 22 g and combination of all was 23 g while the banana leaves treatment gave no yield at all. The biological efficiency obtained on cornhusk was 12.43% and the lowest 2.2% was obtained on sawdust. Conclusion: Among all the substrates, cornhusk was established as the most effective substrate for the production of P. ostreatus as it best supported both the spawn running phase and the yield phase.
Single Units and Visual Cortical Organization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The visual system has a parallel and hierarchical organization, evident at every stage from the retina onwards. Although the general benefits of parallel and hierarchical organization in the visual system are easily understood, it has not been easy to discern the function of the visual cortical modules. I explore the view that striate cortex segregates information about different attributes of the image, and dispatches it for analysis to different extrastriate areas. I argue that visual cortex does not undertake multiple relatively independent analyses of the image from which it assembles a unified representation that can be interrogated about the what and where of the world. Instead, occipital cortex is organized so that perceptually relevant information can be recovered at every level in the hierarchy, that information used in making decisions at one level is not passed on to the next level, and, with one rather special exception (area MT), through all stages of analysis all dimensions of the image remain intimately coupled in a retinotopic map. I then offer some explicit suggestions about the analyses undertaken by visual areas in occipital cortex, and conclude by examining some objections to the proposals.
Nogays of the Northern Azov and Kalmyks of the Volga Region: a Comparative Analysis of the Imperial Policy of Acculturation In the System of Management and Economic Activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The policy of acculturation pursued by the tsarist government and regional authorities in relation to the nomadic peoples living in the Azov-Black sea and Volga regions is being analyzed in the article. For comparative analysis, Nogays of the Azov and Kalmyks of the Volga region were chosen. The study analyzes the main directions of state policy on the integration of Nogays and Kalmyks into Russia. The management system and economic activity are defined by such directions in work. The article also raises the question whether the tsarist government had a single programme for the integration of all nomadic peoples into Russia. The chronological framework of the work is determined by the end of 18th — early 60s of 19th century, which is explained by the residence at that time on the territory of the Azov Nogays, which became one of the objects of study. Archival documents, legislative acts, statistical data and scientific publications were used to cover this issue. It is indicated that this issue was not previously the subject of special study. The study showed that the tsarist government did not have a single programme, according to which the integration of all nomadic peoples took place. In each case, there were regional peculiarities. It is noted that the administrative and economic acculturation of the nomadic population can not be assessed unambiguously. Administrative acculturation led to the limitation or elimination of traditional institutions and the introduction of a General Imperial system of government. Acculturation in the economic sphere, despite the painful perception of innovations by part of the nomads, had a progressive significance for them.
THE IMPACT OF CONFUCIAN VALUES ON CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE PERIOD OF “REFORMS AND OPENNESS”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to identifying the role of the Confucian component in shaping China’s foreign policy during the period of “reforms and openness”. The author analyzes the Chinese “soft power” model and its differences from the classical one, the theoretical foundations of which were formulated by J. Nye, and discovers the China’s “soft power” features in foreign policy and establishes its meaningful connection with Confucian values and concepts. The article provides an overview of “soft power” interpretations in the main works of Chinese scholars, examines the reflection of Confucian “soft power” ideas in the state and party documents and decisions of the period of “reforms and openness”, shows the application of Confucian principles in the foreign policy of China. It is shown that the creation of effective Chinese “soft power” tools is becoming a part of a purposeful and long-term policy of the state. Such tools include the swift reform of leading media, TV and radio companies using modern technologies and focusing on foreign audience abroad, promoting China’s traditional and modern culture in foreign cultural markets, increasing China’s presence on the world market, spreading and promoting the Chinese language, “Education Export” and widening educational contacts, economic ties development and scientific and technical cooperation, public diplomacy development, support of the compatriots living abroad. Geopolitically, China’s soft power strategy is focused on developing relations with its close neighbors and creating a security belt around China. It has been proved that modern China seeks to proclaim itself as a new “soft power” center, the creation of which is a part of the State purposeful long-term policy. It is accompanied by the active appeal of Chinese ideologists to the country's traditional cultural heritage and basing of this new foreign policy on the conservative values of Confucianism, which is a kind of civilizational code determining all aspects of social life for China.
Renewable Methane from Ammonium Bicarbonate Supplemented Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment During Anaerobic Co-Digestion in CSTR

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Scarcity of nitrogenous resource and buffering capability were recognized as reverting failure in earlier research treating petrochemical wastewater in anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactors. The purpose of this work is to explore the use of ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ) as supplementation ensuring nitrogenous supply and buffering requirement. With a view to measure the effect of NH 4 HCO 3 on the anaerobic process, a set of dosing up to 40mg/L was examined. The result was evaluated in terms of biogas yield. It was found that10mg/L dosing was the optimal dosing without affecting methanogenesis. Moreover, mathematical calculation explained that this optimum dosing can enhance biogas yield up to 27.77% compared to control PWW digestion. Results showed an obvious financial advantage to make the industrial application feasible.
The Mass Production of Second Generation 65 nm BSI CMOS Image Sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Backside Illumination (BSI) CMOS image sensors have now been in high volume mass production for over two years, supplying OmniBSI™ products to the high performance mobile handset market. A major development in imager technology was the mass production of first generation BSI technology using 0.11 µm Al processing for image sensors at low cost and high yield. The second generation BSI products will use 65 nm Cu processing on 300 mm wafers. The OmniVision-TSMC R&D Alliance reports that the pixel and process development has enabled this second generation BSI technology node. To reduce cost and accelerate the transition from FSI to BSI, OmniBSI technology used 0.11µm CIS design rules, identical to OmniPixel3-HS™ FSI technology. Shrinking the CIS design rules to 65 nm and developing new CIS process modules has enabled a 1.1µm pixel and further improved the performance of 1.4µm and 1.75µm pixel products. The low cost bulk silicon technology that was developed for OmniBSI is maintained on the OmniBSI-2™ 300 mm Cu production line. The performance on all three OmniBSI-2 pixels will be reported, including the first four OmniBSI-2 products in mass production ramp.
Trilobite thin section analysis clarifies matrix separation properties

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical preparation of trilobite and other calcitic fossils in carbonates depends on fossil-matrix separation properties. In this pilot study, thin sections with trilobite fossils from the Ordovician of Norway and the Devonian of Morocco were investigated to identify the mineralogical basis for separation differences, using petrographic microscopy as well as semi-quantitative elemental analysis and element mapping under the scanning electron microscope. The results show that the matrix is composed of fine-grained calcite (CaCO3) together with silicates, i.e., impure limestone with a clastic component. The trilobite specimens are composed of calcite, often in the form of large euhedral crystals. A thin layer of different composition was found along the boundaries between trilobite fossils and their host rock in well-separating specimens. Silica and sometimes barium sulphate were identified in these thin layers. We conclude that partial silicification at the surface of fossils facilitates separation during mechanical preparation.
Goodwill - to be or not to be

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Accounting treatments for goodwill have always been shrouded in controversy. Diversity in standards and practices among countries in this area has further complicated the goodwill issue: Hence, the purpose of this report is to critically analyse the differing views offered by the various accounting bodies on goodwill accounting. Besides the evaluation of established literature to compare the vanous accounting standards established by the different accounting bodies and to analyse the various accounting treatments allowed by these standards, an empirical study was also carried out on the companies listed in the Stock Exchange of Singapore (SES) to identify the current accounting treatments for goodwill in Singapore.
Inverse Cubic and Hexagonal Mesophase Evolution within Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Correlates with mRNA Transfection in Macrophages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology presents enormous opportunities to prevent and treat various diseases. Here, we developed a novel series of LNPs containing ionizable amino-lipids showing a remarkable array of tunable and pH-sensitive lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases including the inverse bicontinuous cubic and hexagonal phases characterized by high-throughput synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering. Furthermore, with an interest in developing mRNA therapeutics for lung macrophage targeting, we discovered that there is a strong correlation between the mesophase transition of the LNPs during acidification and the macrophage association/transfection efficiency of mRNAs. The slight molecular structural differences between the SM-102 and ALC-0315 ionizable lipids are linked to the LNP's ability to transform their internal structures from an amorphous state to the inverse micellar, hexagonal, and finally cubic structures during endosomal maturation. SM-102 LNPs showed exceptionally improved transfection efficiency due to their ability to form a cubic structure at a lower pH than the ALC-0315 analogues, which remained within the hexagonal structure, previously attributed to promoting endosomal escape of the ionizable LNPs. Overall, the new knowledge draws our attention to the important role of mesophase transition in endosomal escape, and the novel LNP libraries reported herein have broad prospects for advancing mRNA therapeutics.
State regulation instruments for the development of the agro-industrial complex under martial law in Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Amidst the crisis in the food sector of the country caused by the Russian invasion and on the way to Ukraine's association with the European Union, the role of state regulation is growing. The study aimed to provide proposals for improving the food industry development programmes in the agro-industrial complex to improve the food supply of the population, innovative development of enterprises and ensure food security in Ukraine. General scientific methods were used in the study: dialectical, statistical, structural and functional analysis, tabular, systematic generalisation, and comparisons. The study summarises the existing programmes of support and development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine at the governmental and interstate levels. The problems of food and agricultural enterprises in the context of Russian aggression in Ukraine are identified, in particular, in terms of environmental damage and pollution, instability of energy supply, and rising logistics costs. The author notes the effectiveness but selectivity of grant support with the participation of foreign capital. The programme documents for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the food industry are systematised and their interconnection is analysed. These documents include the National Economic Strategy and the strategy for the development of its agricultural component, sectoral support programmes, sectoral strategies, and international and national programmes. The article presents proposals for the programme documents for the development of the food industry aimed at post-war recovery and further innovative development. The proposals take into account foreign experience, industry specifics and changes to the current legislation. Sectoral development programmes should be in line with the strategic guidelines until 2030 and the provisions of the Association Agreement with the European Union, contribute to solving environmental pollution and climate change, waste recycling and creating closed production cycles with high added value. The results obtained can be used in further research, programmes, recommendations and strategies of legislative and executive authorities for the effective development of the food industry as part of the agri-food complex and the improvement of food supply to the population.
Historical Distance and Difference in the Twelfth-Century Middle High German Kaiserchronik

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The episode framework of the Kaiserchronik is as much a semanticising structure as the chronicle’s content. If treated analogous to Hayden White’s analysis of annals the conceptual continuity of the Roman Empire as the object of narration becomes all the more clearer. The episodes are used as pegs for a wide selection of historical narratives, which are decontextualised and presented unmoored from its traditional semantic environment. Only its place in the continuous succession of emperor episodes imbues them with historical meaning. The mobility of these episodes, however, is limited as two dimensions emerge within which the chronicle does have to negotiate qualitative change which translates into historical difference and not only distance as the episode framework produces it. Next to its axial episode paradigm the Kaiserchronik also employs rhetorics as a tool to create distance. This however happens mainly to distance itself from an unspecified group of other texts. The Kaiserchronik aims to polemicise against those text which don’t share its ideas about poetic artefactuality and composition. The transformation of the Roman Empire from a pagan into a Christian one is one of the essential threads of the Kaiserchronik. The gradual substitution of the polytheistic worship of demons disguised as gods with Christian monotheism is the driving motivator behind the selection of much of the narrative material up until Constantine and Theodosius. The aim here is not to device a teleological salvation historical trajectory but to negotiate the qualitative change of religious identity in the conceptually unchanged Roman Empire. This means that Christianity even after its assertion always remains vulnerable. While the Roman Empire always remains Roman, the perspective on it and its rulers changes significantly. Even when the Roman Empire is ruled by Roman emperors the chronicle opportunistically latches on to several opportunities to emphasis the historical closeness of the Germans or of discrete German peoples to the body and history of the Roman Empire. This is especially poignant during the Caesar episode, which sees the inauguration of the Empire as an imperial genealogy and in the Charlemagne episode, which marks the switch of perspective from an internally and essentially Roman one to a transalpine on, which, however, never fully asserts a fully conceptualised Germanness.
Improved Clinical Assessment of a Mouse Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
Deconstructing Cultural Icons – Sherman Alexie and Junot Díaz

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses the problem of the representation of Native American and Latino/a identity in Sherman Alexie’s collection of short stories, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), and Junot Díaz’s, This Is How You Lose Her (2012). Both authors try to the deconstruct popular ethnic stereotypes of the Indian Warrior and the Macho by creating characters such as Victor Joseph and or Yunior, who learn to reject the violence-based legacies of their respective cultures and try to substitute them with new hybrid identities, thus proving that it is possible to transform one’s ethnic heritage without getting completely acculturated. This paper also attempts to demonstrate that Alexie and Díaz play a very important role in the discussion of postethnic space by emphasizing the dangers of perceiving the Other through the prism of mass-fabricated images. They continue the long tradition established by authors such as Gerald Vizenor, Louis Owens, Arnold Krupat, Octavio Paz, Mario Vargas Llosa, and others. Additionally, Alexie and Díaz incorporate survival humor into their narratives, which makes their characters more credible and universal.
Potassium, calcium and copper phosphite to control peach rust and brown rot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phosphites have been recommended as plant protectors and inducers of host resistance against diseases.Three phosphite formulations (copper, potassium and calcium) were evaluated to control peach rust (Tranzschelia discolor) and brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), in an orchard with two cultivars: 'Chimarrita' and 'BR-1'.The phosphite treatments were applied out every 30 days from September to December.The incidence and severity of leaf rust were evaluated from November to January.The fruits were harvest and assessed to brown rot incidence after three and five days.The copper phosphite reduced the rust severity in 34.8% for 'Chimarrita'.No phosphite formulation was efficient to control brown rot in the condition of the experiment.The cultivar 'Chimarrita' was more susceptible than 'BR1' in the evaluated diseases.
Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genusMyosorexfrom southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments onMyosorex tenuis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taylor, Peter John, Kearney, Teresa Catherine, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C., Baxter, Roderick M., Willows-Munro, Sandi (2013): Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169 (4): 881-902, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12083, URL: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/zoj.12083
Adverse Effects of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues on Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Libyan Agricultural Workers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Agricultural workers are in danger of being exposed to toxic substances such as pesticides. To estimate the individual danger of handling pesticides, the bio-monitoring of effects on agricultural workers is required. There has been no such research previously conducted among Libyan agricultural workers. This research was designed to study the biochemical parameters impacts of the pesticide contamination among Libyan agricultural workers at Aljebal Alakhtar, Libya. 45 blood samples were taken from male agriculture workers at Aljebal Alakhtar who had been exposed to pesticides in crop fields for a long time, while 25 blood samples were taken from a group of people who had not been exposed to pesticides (control). Kits were used to assess plasma ALT, AST, ALP, GST, SOD, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, and creatinine. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate lipid peroxidation in serum. Using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector, the blood samples were tested for organochlorine pesticide residues (GC-ECD). In comparison to controls, workers had significantly higher SOD, GST, ALP, AST, and ALT activities, as well as higher levels of lipid profile, total bilirubin, creatinine, and urea, as well as significantly higher TBARS concentrations. Furthermore, long-term pesticide exposure was also related to reduceing total protein, albumin, and globulin, as well as reduced HDL-C levels. Pesticide exposure seems to influence various biochemical markers in general. These biomarkers appear to be indicative of pesticide-related deleterious effects in agricultural workers, indicating that they should be used for routine monitoring of impacts.