jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS: DYNAMICS AND DEVELOPMENT

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The article examines issues of maintaining specially protected areas in the context of global efforts to conserve biodiversity. Different countries and regions define and designate protected areas differently according to their internal regulations, policies and legislation. In the Russian Federation, despite the importance of the functions performed, the number of protected areas is decreasing due to underfunding for the maintenance of valuable natural objects. Forest conservation within protected areas depends on factors such as local recognition of the importance of protected ecosystems, silvicultural and biological characteristics, the availability of financial support, personnel and protection of the protected area, as well as effective management mechanisms.
Virus isolation from semen of bulls serologically positive for bluetongue virus.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Isolation of bluetongue virus was attempted from 85 semen samples taken from 3 long-term seropositive bulls and 9 short-term seropositive bulls in an artificial breeding service unit. Two types of cell cultures susceptible to bluetongue virus were used for virus isolation. Extended sonication, centrifugation of specimens, and treatment of cell cultures with dimethyl sulfoxide and diethylaminoethyl-dextran were used to enhance virus attachment and infection of cell cultures. Virus isolation results were negative on all specimens. These results indicate that at the limits of the methods used, bluetongue virus-seropositive bulls do not have long-term latent bluetongue virus in their semen.
Publication of Nonsignificant Results: A Survey of Psychologists' Opinions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A total of 236 Ph.D. and 1 M.A. faculty completed an e-mail survey regarding their opinions about publication of nonsignificant results. Tenured faculty were significantly less likely than nontenured faculty to write manuscripts for studies with nonsignificant results. Reasons for not writing a manuscript included a perceived inability to publish the manuscript, time concerns, flawed methods or design, inability to interpret results, and the belief that the results are unimportant. The presence of the file drawer problem is supported, and possible solutions are discussed.
WARREN GINSBERG. Tellers, Tales, & Translation in Chaucer’sCanterbury Tales

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The key word in Ginsberg’s title is ‘translation’, derived from Walter Benjamin’s deeply comparativist sense that texts always recalibrate the ‘reine Sprache’ of their antecedents into the linguistic and social contexts of their own enunciation (p. 4). Here, the social contexts predominate, since Ginsberg reads as translations of one another the different textual sites—all English—that constitute a pilgrim’s ‘Canterbury performance’: General Prologue portrait, links, occasional prologues, and tale. He also considers the ways that one performance translates another, adjacent or not. In this method, a pilgrim’s character (from the portrait), speech (the tale) and action (the links) in turn reveal new facets of the consistent ideological site which we come to know as the Franklin or the Wife of Bath. Ginsberg develops his method in readings of three antecedent poets: Ovid’s metamorphoses of Daphne, Lycaon, and Deucalion’s rocks, the narration of Statius’s conversion through his reading of Virgil in Dante’s Purgatorio 22 (paired with its translation by Dante and Bonagiunta in 26) and the competing authorial frameworks of Boccaccio’s Filocolo and Teseida. Where Ovid’s ‘lateral’ translations simultaneously acknowledge and query Augustus’s exertions of imperial power, Statius’s deliberate misprision of Virgil (like Dante’s own) exemplifies the ‘vertical’ supplanting of one form of reading by a superior one (p. 47). In the unresolvable authorial positionings of the Boccacian poems, Ginsberg sees a problem that encouraged Chaucer’s translation of those tensions into the body of the Knight, by which he excuses himself from his narrative (pp. 78–9).
The High, Low, and Turning Points of College: First Generation Students’ Identity Negotiations and Configurations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This retrospective study assessed how first-generation college students (FGCS) configured their relational and academic/career identities. Forty-one FGCS completed a lifeline mapping their academic and relational high points, low points, and turning points in high school and college. They then explained these points in a semi-structured interview. While most FGCS experienced a high point after being admitted to college, during their first year they coped with academic and relational low points. We used thematic analysis to derive codes for these experiences and then, holistically classified participants into identity configurations. As predicted, the identity synthesis/assimilation configuration was most frequent. The results are discussed in the context of identity development in college-going FGCS and how their multiple identities support or challenge their academic persistence.
Designing a termbase in the context of European higher education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Terminology management is crucial in internationalised environments, particularly in higher education. While the international dimension has long been a part of academia, there is a scarcity of studies on terminology management in multilingual and multicultural settings. This study focuses on developing a normative-harmonising terminology management protocol for the Arqus European University Alliance. It also involves creating and implementing a prototype multilingual termbase aligned with the TBX standard for terminology data exchange. This resource supports the management protocol and incorporates functionalities identified in a preliminary user needs questionnaire ( Montero-Martínez et al. 2020 ). The paper highlights the absence of terminology resources and language policies in academic institutions and underscores the challenges in establishing institutional termbases. The resulting prototype addresses these gaps, aiming to enhance institutional consistency and communication among the member universities.
FRUIT BRANDY PRODUCTION BY BATCH COLUMN DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The relationship between the operating parameters of batch fruit spirits column stills with reflux and the congener (trace compounds that provide flavors and aromas) concentrations in resulting fruit spirits has not been widely studied. Congener concentrations were determined in three different collection fractions, or “cuts,” during batch distillation. Acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were found in higher concentrations in the head cut, first overhead fraction, of the distillation and have lower boiling points relative to ethanol. 1‐Propanol and isoamyl alcohol (isopentanol) were present in higher concentrations in the tail cut, third or final fraction, of the distillation and have boiling points that are higher than ethanol. Methanol has a unique concentration profile as it has higher concentrations in both the head and tail cuts, but a lower concentration in the heart cut, the middle fraction which is the desired product of the distillation. Methanol was of particular interest because the distillate must adhere to governmental regulations that limit its concentration in the product. Operating‐condition parameters that were studied include the number of trays used in the distillation as well as the use of a “catalytic converter,” a high surface, copper‐packing material thought to catalyze formation of cyanide‐containing compounds allowing them to be separated from the distillate. The effect of the number of trays used in a distillation on the concentration of ethanol and the congeners, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, 1‐propanol and isoamyl alcohol in the final distilled spirits product is presented. An additional result of acetaldehyde production at the copper surface of the catalytic converter was also discovered in the analysis of the data.
How a Rejecting Baby Affects Mother‐Infant Synchrony

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In any mother-infant relationship, characteristics of both the mother and infant contribute to an ongoing process of mutual modification of behaviour. With intensive observation and objective recording of behaviours, it is possible to describe individual infants, depict patterns of interaction with their mothers, and identify some of the consequences of interaction for both the mother's and the infant's developing behaviours. Even a normal infant can have behaviour patterns that play a disruptive role in the relationship. For example, an infant has been observed who, from birth through the first weeks of life, showed avoidance responses to being picked up and held. The infant's behaviour was a source of frustration and confusion to the unsuspecting parents. It is obviously difficult for the parents to respond appropriately to the needs of such an infant. And, in turn, the resulting interaction affects the infant's developing behaviours. The theme of this paper is to emphasize, though each relationship is unique, that observations made from the first days of life can permit the infant's contribution to the mother-infant relationship, and the manner in which that relationship influences his development, to be assessed.
Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Women With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this analysis of a large pregnancy outcome dataset for an anti-CD20 in MS, in utero exposure to ocrelizumab was not associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes. These data will enable neurologists and women with MS to make more informed decisions around family planning, balancing safety risks to the fetus/infant against the importance of disease control in the mother.
A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Concussion is one of the most commonly reported injuries amongst children and youth involved in sport participation. Following a concussion, youth can experience a range of short and long term neurobehavioral symptoms (somatic, cognitive and emotional/behavioral) that can have a significant impact on one's participation in daily activities and pursuits of interest (e.g., school, sports, work, family/social life, etc.). Despite this, there remains a paucity in clinically driven research aimed specifically at exploring concussion within the youth sport population, and more specifically, multi-modal approaches to measuring recovery. This article provides an overview of a novel and multi-modal approach to measuring recovery amongst youth athletes following concussion. The presented approach involves the use of both pre-injury/baseline testing and post-injury/follow-up testing to assess performance across a wide variety of domains (post-concussion symptoms, cognition, balance, strength, agility/motor skills and resting state heart rate variability). The goal of this research is to gain a more objective and accurate understanding of recovery following concussion in youth athletes (ages 10-18 years). Findings from this research can help to inform the development and use of improved approaches to concussion management and rehabilitation specific to the youth sport community.
Future of Public Health

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Moving dots can evoke a percept of the spatial structure of a three-dimensional object in the absence of other visual cues. This phenomenon, called structure from motion (SFM), suggests that the motion flowfield represented in the dorsal stream can form the basis of object recognition performed in the ventral stream. SFM processing is likely to contribute to object perception whenever there is relative motion between the observer and the object viewed. Here we investigate the motion flowfield component of object recognition with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our SFM stimuli encoded face surfaces and random three-dimensional control shapes with matched curvature properties. We used two different types of an SFM stimulus with the dots either fixed to the surface of the object or moving on it. Despite the radically different encoding of surface structure in the two types of SFM, both elicited strong surface percepts and involved the same network of cortical regions. From early visual areas, this network extends dorsally into the human motion complex and parietal regions and ventrally into object-related cortex. The SFM stimuli elicited a face-selective response in the fusiform face area. The human motion complex appears to have a central role in SFM object recognition, not merely representing the motion flowfield but also the surface structure of the motion-defined object. The motion complex and a region in the intraparietal sulcus reflected the motion state of the SFM-implicit object, responding more strongly when the implicit object was in motion than when it was stationary.
PASSENGER PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS SERVICE QUALITY OF AIRLINES BASED IN SINGAPORE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on understanding how passengers had perceived airline's flight services as well as how passengers had evaluated the importance of service quality dimensions of airlines based in Singapore, specifically understanding whether full-service network carriers or low-cost carriers had delivered better value-added service quality in terms of whether airfares were value for money, as well as identifying whether gender and age differences perceive differently towards service quality. Data was collected via a survey at Singapore's Changi Airport, targeting arriving passengers who had flown on Singapore-based airlines. The results revealed that full-service network carriers had delivered better value in flight services as compared to low-cost carriers. The results also highlighted that between genders, male passengers are more satisfied with airline's flight services as compared to females, while between age groups, significant differences were found in overall seat comfort. Moreover, Airline safety records and on-time departure and arrival followed by lavatories cleanliness and odourless were rated as the most important factors towards passengers.Keywords: Airfares, Service quality assessment, SERVQUAL, Singapore-based airlines, Value-added serviceJEL Classifications: L93, M30, M31DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9096
Singapore North East Line Project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the transport policy of Singapore, and shows that this city has become the home of driverless systems, from airport people mover to heavy metro. It also addresses the key features of the NEL project. The rolling stock, 25 6-car trains, using steel wheel on steel rail technology with conventional rotary motors, fed by a catenary under 1500 V DC, will be the largest driverless trains ever built (138 m long, 3.2 m wide, 300 seats and almost 2000 passengers per train). The Automatic Train Control (ATC) uses full moving block technology and a leaky waveguide link. To prepare the integration of the Core System ALSTOM has prepared the integration methodology and test scenarios.
Brain metastasis from gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with unresectable gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) exhibiting lymph node and peritoneal metastases, and received eight courses of chemotherapy with irinotecan plus cisplatin. Radiological examinations revealed significant regression of the GB tumour and disappearance of metastatic lesions, so the patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the patient presented with multiple haemorrhagic brain metastases (BMs) and died 13 months after the initial diagnosis despite neurosurgical interventions. Pathological examination of the resected gallbladder demonstrated an extensive fibrous scar along with tubular adenocarcinoma components, which may indicate that the chemotherapy eliminated a pre-existing neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) component. Furthermore, pathological analysis confirmed that the BMs comprised NEC. In patients with advanced GB-NEC, conversion surgery may be a reasonable option if a first-line chemotherapy leads to downstaging of the tumour. Second-line drug therapy and systemic screening might also be considered in cases with BMs.
Spectral Stiff Problems in Domains with a Strongly Oscillating Boundary

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider an asymptotic spectral problem for a second order differential operator, with piecewise constant coefficients, in a two-dimensional domain Ω ε which depends on a small parameter ε. Here, Ω ε is Ω ε =Ω∪ω ε ∪Γ, where Ω is a fixed open bounded domain, ω ε is a curvilinear strip of variable width O(ε), and \(\Gamma={\overline{\Omega}}\cap {\overline{\omega}_{\varepsilon}}\) is the boundary of Ω. The density and stiffness constants are of order O(ε −1) and O(ε −t ), respectively, in this strip, while they are of order O(1) in the fixed domain Ω; t is a parameter such that 0≤t<1. Imposing the Neumann condition on the boundary of Ω ε , we study the asymptotic behavior, as ε→0, of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Denoting by (ν,τ) the orthogonal curvilinear coordinates in a neighborhood of Γ, we consider two different types of bands ω ε . First, the case where ω ε ={x : 0<ν<εh(τ)} with h a positive function of the τ variable. Second, the case where ω ε ={x : 0<ν<εh ε (τ)} with h ε (τ)=h(τ/ε) and h a positive and periodic function; namely, a domain with strongly oscillating boundary.
“Shostakovich et al.” and The Iron Certain: Intellectual Property and the Development of a Soviet Strategy of Cultural Confrontation, 1948–1949

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On May 12, 1948, New York moviegoers picked their way through crowds of protestors and counterdemonstrators to watch the new film announced as a "semi-documentary spy drama," William A. Wellman's The Iron Curtain. As the demonstrators outside came to blows and a few of them were hauled away by police, the film's audience settled in to what contemporaries trying to present an evenhanded account called a slowly moving drama, "competent enough, carefully photographed and directed." Based on events that took place in Ottawa in 1945, much of the cloak and dagger story was shot on location in the Canadian capital.1 It centered around the activities of Igor Gouzenko (played by Dana Andrews), a Soviet cipher clerk stationed in Ottawa who defected to Canada in 1945, taking with him a sheaf of documents that revealed Soviet espionage activities and the participation of Canadians in efforts to uncover the secret of the atom bomb.2KeywordsIntellectual PropertyCopyright ProtectionBerne ConventionIron CurtainMusical WorkThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Economic Theories of Discrimination

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between positive and normative economic theories of discrimination, that is, what discrimination is and why law should prohibit it. Prior economic scholarship has modelled discrimination as the result of (a) a taste for non-association; (b) statistically rational generalizations; and (c) group-based status competition. I examine these theories along with the psychological theory of implicit bias and other types of irrational stereotypes. For each positive theory, I explore the normative implications. The taste-based and statistical theories do not match well with antidiscrimination law, though the status theory potentially does.
On the Number of Interneural Spines of Mackerels from Japanese Waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. The interneural spines of the mackerels from Japanese waters which are counted from a to b in Fig. 1 vary from twelve to twenty-three in number. The number frequency distribution of them is distinctly bimodal (Fig. 2 and Table 1). Accordingly, the present fish are divided into two groups by the number of interneural spines, one bearing the spines less than sixteen, while the other, more than seventeen. 2. In the group which bears the interneural spines less than sixteen, the spots on the lateral median line are non, or if present, some of them are in contact with each other or with the coloured band on the dorsal side of body. While in the other group which bears them above seventeen, such spots are distinct and independent (Fig. 3 and Table 4). Judging from the characters of spots, the former corresponds to Pneumatophorus japonicus, while the latter to P. tapeinocephalus. 3. The relation between the number of interneural spines and that of spinous rays of 1 ?? dorsal fin shows that it is inadequate to divide the mackerels into two species by the latter, namely to treat those which bear nine or ten spinous rays as P. japonicus and those which bear eleven or twelve ones as P. tapeinocephalus (Table 5-7).
Agricultural Tractor Accidents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our previous studies revealed that lactoferrin (LF) reconstitutes the cellular and humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. The aim of this investigation was to establish whether the suppressory effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the cellular and humoral immune response can be modulated by LF. We found that MTX, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., 48 h following sensitization of CBA mice with ovalbumin (OVA), reduced by 80% the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Co-administration of LF in drinking water (0.5% solution) for the duration of the experiment (4 days) restored the DTH response almost to the control level. However, LF was not able to restore the primary humoral immune response, measured by the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in the spleens when MTX (1 mg/kg b.w.) was administered to mice i.p. 48h post immunization. On the other hand, mice treated with LF after second challenge with SRBC showed significant restoration of the MTX-suppressed humoral immune response following the booster immunization. In addition, LF (1 μg/ml) restored the secondary humoral immune response to SRBC in vitro when MTX (0.05-1 mM) was added to cell cultures on day 2 following cell culture initiation. These data demonstrate that LF preferentially restores the cellular immune response impaired by MTX treatment. It seems that LF also prevents the block of the activity of T memory cells in the secondary, humoral immune response. Taken together, we demonstrated that LF given orally can reduce the toxic effects of MTX.
The Role of Cytokines in Lymphocyte Homeostasis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The size of lymphocyte populations is regulated by replication and death. Cytokines produced by non-lymphoid cells provide key survival and replication signals for several lymphocyte subpopulations. The availability of these cytokines thus serves as a homeostatic regulatory mechanism by determining the upper limit of the population size. IL-7 is required for survival of naive CD4+ and CD8+ cells and memory CD8+ cells. IL-15 is required for survival of memory CD8+ cells. IL-12 and IL-4 also promote memory CD8+ survivaL BAFF is required for survival of mature B cells. Antigen receptor signals, together with these cytokine signals, are required for survival of mature B cells and naive T cells. The list of extracellular survival signals for lymphocytes remains incomplete, and the intracellular pathways leading to survival are poorly understood.