jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation of visual saliency detection for autonomous rescue robot

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As a part of development of sensory perception tools for an autonomous rescue robot, this project discusses and implements some of the saliency detection mechanisms that can be used. For this purpose, two important and established models of saliency detection were studied. The first model, the Itti-Koch-Niebur model, is a landmark algorithm that derives from the biologically inspired approach to saliency detection. This model was studied, implemented and tested in this project. Following this, two variations of this model were examined, one involving the use of LAB colour space, and the other using symmetry as a feature that contributes to salience. Both these extensions were implemented in OpenCV, and their results were analysed. The second major approach that was studied was the Spectral Residual approach, which is a purely computational method. This model was also implemented and its output saliency maps were studied. The saliency maps obtained from the four different approaches were finally compared, and the reasons for these differences were looked at. The results showed that the modified Itti-Koch-Niebur approach, with LAB colour space and Symmetry saliency was the clear winner in terms of accuracy. The LAB colour space was found to show significant improvement over RGB colour space. Further, although the symmetry maps added to the quality of the output saliency maps, they were also more time consuming and processing power intensive. Hence, the modified Itti-Koch-Niebur with LAB colour space and symmetry saliency proved to be the most effective approach to saliency detection, and was recommended for implementation on the robot.
Pediatric maxillofacial trauma: Epidemiologic study between the years 2012 and 2015 in an Israeli medical center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background/Aim Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population worldwide, and Israel is no different in this aspect. Of these injuries, craniofacial trauma is a significant cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. The high occurrence of pediatric trauma is possibly related to a lower perception for the hazards that surround them, combined with the restless and adventurous nature that is typical of children. The aim was to perform a retrospective, epidemiological study on facial trauma in children examined in the emergency room in order to analyze the different patterns in pediatric maxillofacial trauma, to emphasize this data and educate those involved in preventing and treating children’s injuries. Materials and Methods The database of pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients younger than 18 years registered at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya during a period of 4 years (2012‐2015) was reviewed and examined. The data collected were analyzed for each year separately and then comparisons and cross sections were made. Results This study examined 3034 files of pediatric maxillofacial and head trauma patients aged under 18. The comparison of frequency of the injuries between seasons reveals more injuries occur in the summer and 69.3% of the injuries occurred in boys. Average age was 6.5 years, with the most prevalent group being 0‐5 years. The most common type of injury was blunt head trauma followed by facial lacerations and dental injuries. Most (84.5%) of the injuries occurred outside the education system. The number of injuries at the Arab villages was higher than in the Jewish villages. Conclusion There is a marked difference in the injured children population with an increase incidence in the Arab child population and children under the age of 6.
Defective object clitic paradigms and the relation between language development and loss

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through an investigation of morphologically defective pronominal object paradigms in a number of northern Italian dialects, this article offers a reflection on the relation between the development and the loss of linguistic items based on the reconstruction of the possible diachronic path that has led to the current situation. The paper sets out to achieve two objectives. First, it presents a detailed description of the peculiarities of the object clitic paradigm in the northern Italian dialects and places them within the wider Romance context. Secondly, it discusses and evaluates the way the processes of emergence and loss of linguistic items relate to one another, with specific reference to what appears to be a more general hierarchy operative in languages, the Referential Hierarchy (Silverstein 1976, Comrie 1981, and many others).
Analisis Efektivitas Penerimaan Pajak Air Tanah Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Sumba Timur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Groundwater Tax is a tax on the extraction and utilization of groundwater. The phenomenon in this study is the realization revenue of Groundwater Tax that did not reach the specified target. This lack of success on the Groundwater Tax revenue target is due to the lack of awareness of taxpayers in fulfilling their tax obligations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of groundwater tax revenue in an effort to increase local revenue along with the obstacles and efforts made by the Regional Revenue Agency in an effort to receive groundwater tax. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method. The location in this research was the Regional Revenue Agency of East Sumba Regency. In this study, the author used the theory of effectiveness according to Duncan that used three dimensions to measure effectiveness, i.e., goal achievement, integration, and adaptation. The results of this study showed that in 2018 and 2020 it was less effective because the effectiveness ratio was still below 80%, while in 2019 it was running very effectively as evidenced by the effectiveness ratio level being above 100%. This happens because of the lack of awareness of the taxpayer in paying the Groundwater Tax. The efforts made by the Regional Revenue Agency are to increase optimal supervision by monitoring and conducting socialization related to Groundwater Tax to Taxpayers.
A Case of Endoscopically Polipectomized Adenoma in the 3rd Portion of the Duodenum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は73歳男性。食後の上腹部痛と前胸部圧迫感を訴え,内視鏡検査で十二指腸第3部に白色調,光沢を有し,顆粒状ないし結節状の広基性ポリープを認めたため,内視鏡的ポリペクトミーを行った。大きさ26×23×18mm。組織学的診断は腺管腺腫で,悪性の変化は認めなかった。Paneth細胞も認めなかった。本邦で内視鏡的に切除された十二指腸良性腫瘍報告例は244例であり,第1・2部に94%,第3部に11例4.5%。また広基性は20例9.2%,有茎-亜有茎性は91%であった。腺腫は55例23%。第3部には4例1.6%で,この症例のみが広基性ポリープであった。腺腫で,20mmを超えるもの,絨毛化を認めるもの,乳頭部に発生するものには癌化例が多く認められ,特にGroup Ⅲの場合には,可及的に内視鏡的切除術を行い,癌が発見され,粘膜下浸潤があれば追加手術を行うべきであると考えられた。十二指腸腺腫の部位,形状が珍しく,早期癌との関係を考えるうえで示唆に富み報告した。
The Evolution of a Clown in Service: Reflections on Therapeutic Clowning in Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Drawing on their experience as therapeutic clown practitioners, reflective practice facilitators, and trainers, the authors reflect thoughtfully on three key questions: What is the deeper nature of this relational practice called therapeutic clowning? Why are seasoned professional performers increasingly being drawn to this practice? What kinds of adaptations and considerations does a clown artist undertake to move from the world of theatre and performance to the world of health care and compassionate service? Beginning with a brief look at the evolution of therapeutic clowning in Canada and abroad, the authors turn to a deeper consideration of practices in pediatric, adult, and dementia-care settings. Child life and clown doctor pediatric models of therapeutic clown are delineated, as is the Elder-clown approach used by many practitioners working with older people in long-term care and community care. The authors emphasize the importance of reciprocity and co-created play between practitioner(s) and the people they serve and consider the role these play in bolstering resilience, vitality, and a sense of agency in the lives of vulnerable people in hospital and institutionalized care settings. The article also emphasizes that foundational clown training and performance experience alongside specialized training are crucial for therapeutic clown practitioners. Throughout, poignant vignettes illustrate and illuminate the complex, challenging, and rewarding dimensions of therapeutic clown practice.
Evaluation of the response rate of chemo-radiation and brachytherapy in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix in a tertiary care center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Incidence and mortality estimates are used to measure the burden of cancer in a population and survival estimates are ideal for evaluating the outcome of cancer control activities. Survival studies evaluate the quality and quantity of life of a group of patients after diagnosing the disease. The patient survival after the diagnosis of cervical cancer is indirectly influenced by socio-economic factors. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the success rate of chemo-radiation followed by brachytherapy to the patients of locally advanced carcinoma (Ca.) cervix in a tertiary care center.Methods: All cases were staged according to the International Federation of Gynaecologists and Oncologists (FIGO) staging system. To illustrate the observed survival of cancer patients Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted. All the patients, except one, completed chemo-radiation and were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of local residual disease, local recurrence, distant metastases, radiation reactions, disease-free survival, and overall survival.Results: There were 22 patients of Carcinoma cervix reported in the radiation oncology department in the year 2018 and 2019. The overall treatment time ranged from 30 days to 178 days, with a median of 63 days. All the patients had a complete response after the treatment. The median follow-up time for all the patients was 15 months. Three patients had a metastatic recurrence and one patient developed distant metastases as well as local recurrence. Overall survival rate was 100% while the disease-free survival rate was 81.82%.Conclusions: The response to chemo-radiation in the treatment of locally advanced Carcinoma cervix is comparable to historic data and is well tolerated.
The role of rutin and diosmin, two citrus polyhydroxyflavones in disease prevention and treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic inflammation and dysregulation of apoptotic pathways leading to free radical-induced tissue damage are widely recognized as major underlying causes of major degenerative diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Citrus fruits are rich sources of polyphenolic flavonoids well known for their wide range of pharmacological properties. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) and diosmin (diosmetin 7-Orutinoside) are two major polyhydroxyflavone glycosides abundantly found in citrus peels and, to a lesser extent, in pulp of a variety of different citrus species. During digestion, hydrolysis by intestinal enzymes and gut microbiota lead to the release of their corresponding bioactive aglycones (e.g., quercetin or diosmetin). Data obtained in cell-based, animal and clinical studies demonstrated strong preventive and/or therapeutic effects of rutin and its aglycone flavone quercetin. Although lesser studies available, our recent literature review suggests diosmin as promising citrus fruit polyhydroxyflavonoids, effective against various diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
Trends in the diagnosis and the management of Meniere's disease: Results of a survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To determine the practices of the American Neurotology Society (ANS) membership in the evaluation and treatment of the Meniere's patient. STUDY DESIGN Prospective. INTERVENTION Questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Respondents’ response to questions pertaining to the diagnostic and therapeutic practices in the management of Meniere's disease. RESULTS Three hundred members of ANS were mailed a 15‐item questionnaire. Two hundred three responded, for a 67.7% response rate. For the diagnosis of Meniere's disease, 1 in 3 practitioners relied solely on history, physical exam, and audiometry, whereas 2 in 3 relied in part on adjunctive tests, such as electrocochleography (ECOG) and electronystagmography (ENG). Two in 3 practitioners pursued retrocochlear studies on initial evaluation, with the overwhelming majority using MRI. In treating Meniere's disease, conservative medical management was preferred. For medically recalcitrant Meniere's disease, endolymphatic sac surgery (ESS) was the most commonly employed initial intervention (50%), followed by transtympanic gentamicin (38%). Currently, <10% routinely recommend the Meniett device. Eighty‐three percent include ESS as a therapeutic option for medically recalcitrant Meniere's disease. The vast majority continue to perform surgical labyrinthectomies and vestibular nerve sections for Meniere's disease. CONCLUSIONS Meniere's disease continues to pose a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem, resulting in heterogeneous approaches to both evaluation and treatment. Despite the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology guidelines in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease, most clinicians rely in part on ENG or ECOG in diagnosing Meniere's disease. Furthermore, despite the passing of 20 years since the publications claiming a purely placebo effect, ESS is the most commonly employed initial surgical treatment for Meniere's disease. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132: 722‐6.)
<b>Time-to-Event Genome-Wide Association Study for Incident Cardiovascular Disease in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</b>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p dir="ltr">OBJECTIVE To identify genetic risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a multi-ancestry time-to-event genome-wide association study for incident CVD among people with T2D. We also tested 204 known coronary artery disease (CAD) variants for association with incident CVD. RESULTS Among 49,230 participants with T2D, 8,956 had incident CVD events (event rate 18.2%). We identified three novel genetic loci for incident CVD: rs147138607 (near CACNA1E/ZNF648, HR 1.23, P=3.6×10-9), rs11444867 (near HS3ST1, HR 1.89, P=9.9×10-9), and rs335407 (near TFB1M/NOX3, HR 1.25, P=1.5×10-8). Among 204 known CAD loci, 5 were associated with incident CVD in T2D (multiple comparison-adjusted P < 0.00024, 0.05/204). A standardized polygenic score of these 204 variants was associated with incident CVD with HR 1.14 (P=1.0×10-16). CONCLUSIONS The data point to novel and known genomic regions associated with incident CVD among individuals with T2D.</p>
On the Social Environment of Child Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents an analysis of a number of social environments and their specific features important for children's progress. The author sets a goal: to create the conditions for a happy future for our children. The author stresses priority of quality preschool education from the viewpoint of supporting future competitiveness of country citizens capable to work in conditions of the innovation economy. The author comes to conclusion that the young generation of parents and their children turn into one of the major resources for Russia's getting to a meaningful for the world state. Only working with young families today, we can lay foundations of the state's future livability and political stability.
Additions and Corrections - The Dehydration of Alcohols. XIX. t-Amyl Alcohol and the Related Dimethylneopentylcarbinol.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - The Dehydration of Alcohols. XIX. t-Amyl Alcohol and the Related Dimethylneopentylcarbinol.Frank Whitmore, C. Rowland, S. Wrenn, and G. KilmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 12, 2481Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1943Publication History Published online20 May 2004Published inissue 1 December 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01252a608https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01252a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emergence of weather derivatives-feasibility in Indian context

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Indian Economy is an agrarian economy. It has been estimated that in India, as much as 20 % of GDP is wiped out whenever there is bad monsoon. The uncertain global weather conditions particularly in 2010 have effected many businesses and industries especially commodities. Companies end up paying high prices on commodities due to rising prices and the effects of which passes on to consumers & farmers too. Traditional Tools & techniques have been unable to cope up with the unpredictable weather risk. This necessitates the need for Weather Risk Management in Indian Agriculture. The Government of India is planning to introduce a bill in the Parliament to permit introduction of weather derivatives in Indian commodities market. Our Study focuses on analyzing the emergence of weather derivatives as an alternative hedging tool. Various issues related to risk management in agriculture like failure of crop insurance in India, Feasibility of Weather derivative contracts, etc are considered.
Neutropenia Due to Copper Deficiency in Total Parenteral Nutrition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copper (Cu) deficiency has been reported both in pediatric and adult patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Manifestations of Cu deficiency are usually hematologic in the adult. A 56‐yr‐old patient with a history of subtotal gastrectomy underwent massive small bowel resection and partial colectomy in 1977. TPN was initiated. Intravenous (iv) trace mineral supplements were not available in 1977 at our institution. By June 1978, the patient manifested neutropenia with a white blood cell (WBC) count of 2000/mm 3 and 39% neutrophils or a total neutrophil count (TNC) of 780/mm 3 . The serum Cu level at that time was 5 μg/dl (normal, 70–140), and the serum zinc (Zn) level was low, although within normal limits. Oral supplementation with Cu and Zn tablets proved ineffective. Twice weekly infusions of fresh frozen plasma were begun in April 1979, and intravenous chromium supplementation started in September 1979, but neither the WBC count nor the TNC improved. Intravenous Cu and Zn were approved in October 1979, and were added to the TPN formula. Within 2 weeks, the WBC count rose to 6300/mm 3 , and the neutrophils increased to 83% with a TNC of 5229. After 12 weeks, the serum Cu level rose to 80 μg/dl The increase in WBC count and percentage of neutrophils can be attributed to the addition of Cu to the TPN infusate. ( Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 10: 530–532, 1986)
Same Kings, Different Narratives: Illustrated Catalogues of Rulers of Poland, Bohemia and Hungary in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The popular early modern catalogues of rulers proliferated literary and visual representa¬tions of the shared Polish, Bohemian and Hungarian medieval kings that were specific and intelligible to a particular kingdom’s political community. The article examines the dissimilar images of the two last Přemyslid kings, Wenceslas II (1271-1305) and Wenceslas III (1289-1306), as well as of Louis of Anjou (1326-1382) and Sigismund of Luxembourg (1368-1437), the perception of whom differed along political lines. The textual and iconographic analyses of the corpus of 25 catalogues, written by Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Austrian and German authors of four different denominations, demonstrate that the representations of the shared kings, even if colored by current agendas and the changing interests and expectations of their readers, remained virtually unchanged throughout the centuries. The cohesion of their representations resulted from the selection and use of a limited number of sources and models, namely medieval chronicles (in the case of texts), and royal seals or other official royal representations (in the case of images), closely connected and relevant to the particular political communities. In the cases when stylistic features had changed and adjustments had been introduced into the iconography of the royal insignia and heraldic programs, the faces depicted in the catalogues, which were well known to the particular community, remained the same. The popularity and omnipresence of the catalogues in early modern East Central Europe facilitated the broad internalization of the kings’ lives and likenesses and supported the differentiation of historical memory and national narratives in the kingdoms of Poland, Bohemia and Hungary, which still resonate in the popular knowledge of Poles, Czechs and Hungarians about these kings today.
Rethinking heuristics – characterizations and vignettes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The concept of “heuristics” or “heuristic strategies” is central to (mathematical) problem solving and related research; however, there is no generally accepted definition of this term. Trying to clarify the concept might help avoiding misunderstandings and difficulties in dealing with studies that use different terms meaning the same concepts or that use the same terms meaning different concepts. Therefore, the research presented in this paper aims at a clarification of the term “heuristics” and suggestions for the use of it in future research. Building on previous work from last year’s ProMath conference, the consequences of using different characterizations of “heuristics” on vignettes (= short, completed scenes) of problem solving attempts are investigated. The conceptualization of “heuristics” has a significant influence on the types and numbers of perceived heuristics, which in turn affects empirical studies that identify and analyze heuristic strategies.
[Renal function and size after complex treatment of Wilms' tumour].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The sexually transmitted infection (STI) in an infant can be an early consequence of child sexual abuse (CSA). The risk of acquisition of a STI depends, among others, on the prevalence of these infections in the abusing population and the type of sexual assault. As the detection of sexually transmissible organism can be an unique evidence of CSA, only the best standardized methods should be used for the diagnosis of STIs in children. STIs are seen in less than 10% of abused child and in a half of them are asymptomatic. The relevance of STIs for the diagnosis of CSA should be assessed taking into consideration the age of a child, a type of sexually transmissible organism and its localization. Generally, postnatally acquired gonorrhoea, syphilis and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a child more than 2-year old are most clinically evident for CSA. Infections with HPV, HIV and HSV can also be important.