jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RelatIonshIp Between Bone MIneral DensIty WIth VarIous RIsk Factors In Postmenopausal Women In Kutahya ProvInce

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Frequency of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is rising depending on various factors. This study is aimed at to analyse the risk factors that cause osteoporosis for women living in Kutahya. The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) of Lumbar vertebral bone (L1-L4) via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) machine in a-p position was carried out on 103 women, aged between 40- 82 who had already been in menopause and applied to Kutahya Devlet Hastanesi (Kutahya State Hospital) department of DEXA for assessment of bone mineral density. Study data were achieved from survey results. Experimental group was evaluated according to World Health Organisation (WHO)’s Osteoporosis Classifications via DEXA assessments as T score -1,0 SD> normal, T score -1,0 SD and -2,5 SD is osteopeni and T score <-2,5 SD is osteoporosis. It was observed that all the respondents are housewifes, primary school educated and have a low activity level. It was observed again that the responders who are osteoporosis and osteopenia are older,shorter; particularly, osteoporosis group is 3 cm shorter and have less weight than normal group of people. The group of people who are osteoporosis and osteopenia have a lower age of first and last menstruation than normal people. Yet, they have a higher breast-feeding duration. It was detected that the patients have a lower T scores who had used cortisone for a long time and had bone fracture than who didn’t have any. It was detected again that the scores fell down depending on tested people’s decreasing in come, however, they rose depending on tested people’s rising education status. It was detected that the T scores of people who are leading a rural life was lower than who are leading a urban life. As a result of our study it was noticed that risk of osteoporosis rises depending on age, life style, characteristics of sociodemographic are effective on falling of bone mineral density.
“It’s Not About the Money!”: A Theory on Misconceptions of Plaintiff’s Litigation Aims

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Article examines from a new angle a long-standing debate on two central questions of the legal system: why do plaintiffs sue, and what do they seek from litigation? Legal research has documented various extra-legal aims or non-economic agendas of plaintiffs who commence legal proceedings for various case-types. However, current debates have failed to address this issue in depth from the perspectives of plaintiffs themselves, subsequent to lawyers conditioning them on “legal system realities” and translating their disputes into legally cognizable compartments. Nor have understandings of plaintiffs’ aims been examined from the perspectives of defense lawyers. These are significant gaps in the knowledge, as plaintiffs’ objectives directly impact their experiences in litigation and litigation-linked processes such as mediation. Likewise, attorneys’ approaches and conduct throughout litigation and mediation processes are premised upon their basic understandings of what those who commenced these suits want.
Supporting WFN Collective Social Entrepreneurship Through Social Movement Learning and Critical Participatory Action Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to explore the complexities and connections between women, femme, and nonbinary (WFN) collective social entrepreneurs, social movement learning (SML), and critical participatory action research (CPAR) within the fields of adult education (AE) and human resource development (HRD). WFN collective social entrepreneurship serves as a reaction and solution to system failures, by creating supportive learning environments. We discuss the potential of social movement learning (SML) in these collectives, offering marginalized learners opportunities for skill development, knowledge sharing, and social impact efforts. This paper proposes using CPAR as a research approach to support social movements and amplify marginalized voices. CPAR can illuminate the development and learning networks of WFN social entrepreneur collectives and emphasize the importance of inclusive and intersectional approaches in entrepreneurial education and research within AE/HRD.
Crack smokers' intention to use condoms with loved partners: Intervention development using the theory of reasoned action, condom beliefs, and processes of change

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Prevalence rates of HIV infection acquired through heterosexual contacts have risen steadily since 1982. Crack cocaine smokers are at particular risk of HIV infection due to heterosexual exposure. HIV risk reduction interventions seeking to increase condom use among drug users have met with minimal success, and there is a need for interventions to be strongly grounded in psychosocial models of behaviour change. This study presents the results of an investigation of predictors of intention to use condoms and related therapy processes among heterosexual drug users. Data were analyzed from 586 crack smokers recruited in Washington, DC, Miami, Florida, and Collier County, Florida who reported having both primary and casual sex partners. Participants responded to items derived from the theory of reasoned action, the theory of planned behaviour and the transtheoretical model of change. Condom use beliefs and therapy processes used to initiate and maintain condom use were assessed. Outcome expectancies and normative beliefs were the strongest predictors of intention to use condoms with a primary sexual partner. In turn, beliefs that condoms inhibit sexual romance and decrease sexual pleasure strongly predicted outcome expectancies. Therapy processes found to be associated with these constructs included: self-liberation, counter conditioning and stimulus control/reinforcement. Results suggest that HIV risk reduction interventions using a group format and targeting condom beliefs related to sexual romance and pleasure will decrease negative outcome expectancies about condom use. Also, reinforcing attempts to use condoms with intimate partners should increase positive outcome expectancies and intention to initiate or maintain condoms with a primary sexual partner.
Improvement in Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity Following the Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Personalized Lifestyle Intervention Program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging contemporary public health problems. Children and adolescents with obesity experience multiple psychosocial difficulties, such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems, which persist for a long time. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a multidisciplinary personalized lifestyle intervention for depressive and anxiety symptoms, as evaluated by psychometric questionnaires, and their effect and association with cardiometabolic parameters in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity before and after the intervention. Methods: Six hundred and eleven (n = 611) children and adolescents (mean age ± SE: 10.39 ± 0.10 years; 51.5% females, 46.6% pubertal) were studied prospectively. Subjects were classified as being obese (50.2%), overweight (33.5%), or having a normal BMI (16.2%) according to IOTF criteria. All participants entered a 1-year lifestyle intervention program; laboratory investigations were obtained at the beginning and end of the study and two psychometric questionnaires were completed, the CDI and SCARED, which evaluate symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Results: Following the lifestyle intervention, a significant decrease was noted in anxiety scores in all subjects and in depression scores in youth with obesity, as well as in adolescents with obesity, while females displayed a reduced response to the intervention. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome parameters, cortisol, PRL, and LH concentrations were positive predictors for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The implementation of a multidisciplinary personalized lifestyle intervention program in the management of childhood obesity is associated with a significant decrease in cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidities in children with and without excess adiposity. The improvement in mental health is likely mediated by an improvement in energy metabolism with subsequent improvement in neuroinflammation owing to lifestyle changes.
A New Way to Predict Software Reliability with Parameter Evaluation: Shuttle Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software reliability measurement and prediction are used to evaluate model parameters in advance of applying a model. Measurement involves collecting and analyzing data about the observed reliability of software, from which the parameters are estimated, for example, the occurrence of failures during test. Prediction is using a model to forecast future software reliability, for example, time to next failure during operation. In order to demonstrate the prediction methodology, we must use a software reliability model. Since the Schneidewind model has been used on the NASA Shuttle flight software for reliability predictions, and we have a considerable amount of Shuttle failure data, we use the model and data to demonstrate our methodology.
INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS) IN MURINE PULMONARY MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (PMEC) MODULATES NEUTROPHIL APOPTOSIS.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nitric oxide modulates many aspects of PMN function. We investigated the effects of migration across PMEC and PMEC iNOS on PMN apoptosis (Ap) in vitro. PMEC and bone marrow PMN were isolated from iNOS wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. PMN were cultured alone or co‐cultured with PMEC monolayers with or without LPS/IFN‐γ (LI). The Ap was assessed by microscopic changes, annexin‐V (AV) binding by FACS, and caspase‐3 activity (C3A). As well, 24 hr after exposure of WT vs KO mice to intratracheal LI, PMN were collected by BAL and Ap assessed. AV positive PMN (% of total cell) image In non‐migrated PMN, LI increased AV binding. However, there were no differences between WT and KO PMN. In contrast, Ap by AV binding was significantly greater in PMN post‐migration across KO PMEC vs WT PMEC in the presence of LI. Microscopy confirmed these significant differences in PMN Ap. In freshly isolated BAL‐PMN, Ap was similar in PMN from WT and KO mice. However, following a further 24 hr incubation, KO BAL‐PMN had markedly greater Ap vs WT BAL‐PMN (15.2 ± 3.3% vs. 3.0 ± 0.4%, P<0.05). Paradoxically, LI stimulation of PMN decreased C3A by 40–50% in non‐migrated PMN and by 80–90% in trans‐PMEC migrated PMN, independent of PMN or PMEC iNOS. These data suggest that iNOS expressed in PMEC, but not in PMN, has an important anti‐apoptotic effect on PMN during trans‐PMEC migration and this effect seems to be caspase‐3 independent. HSFO/Canada, OTS, LHSC Research Inc
INNATE RESISTANCE OF PEACH TO PERENNIAL CANKER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Innate resistance, described as the resistance of tissues under the outer bark of peach to perennial canker, Leucostoma cincta (Fr.) v. Hohnel (Valsa cincta), was unrelated to the field performance of Standard Elberta, Sun-haven, Redhaven and Dixired cultivars and unsuitable as an index of performance in the orchard. The physiological state of trees, the environment, and the kind and depths of wounds influenced the amount of infection and canker growth achieved. Appreciably higher percentage infection and canker growth were achieved at wounds made during the post-dormant period than during dormancy of trees. In dormant trees of three cultivars, resistance to infection was highest at cortex wounds. For Redhaven a relatively low resistance of the cortex to infection and canker growth suggested that minor injuries may play an important part in its field performance. In post-dormant trees of all cultivars, resistance to canker growth was highest at cortex wounds.
Trade imbalance in international message telephone services

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

An econometric model is estimated to identify determinants of trade imbalance in international message telephone services markets. Results indicate that asymmetric market structure is important in explaining bilateral market imbalances for high income country pairs. For low and high income country pairs, GDP per capita is the dominant cause of traffic imbalances. The findings suggest that telecommunications liberalization policies are effective in reducing distortions in international traffic flows and settlement payments. However, liberalization should be accompanied by developmental programmes that enhance income per capita and telecommunications network investment in developing countries. Such programmes may be effective in providing a more equitable distribution of the gains from telecommunications reform across countries.
The European Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Abstract: To understand the potential future of working longer in America, we compare trends in health and employment in Europe with those in the United States. While health in Europe improved between 2004 and 2018 among older adults (aged 65 to 85), we find the opposite for middle-aged adults (aged 50 to 64). In this respect, Europe is experiencing negative developments similar to those in the United States. In terms of employment, however, Europe is different than the United States. We do not find any sign that employment rates of middle-aged individuals are stagnating or falling. On the contrary, employment has increased steadily since the late 1990s. It is too early to conclude what implications the stalling health trend of the middle-aged cohorts will have for labor force participation among older Europeans in 10 or 15 years. We argue that economic considerations, such as public pension and disability insurance policies, are likely to continue to have a greater influence on rates of early retirement than health.
Unpaid work and internships within the cultural and creativesectors: Policy, popular culture, and resistance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

My thesis explores the interconnected issues surrounding unpaid labour, internships, and work placements within the creative and cultural sectors in order to show how the figure of the intern materialises across multiple sites and through various discourses. I extend the existing scholarship by examining how ideas about unpaid work and internships have emerged and mutated over the past decade in media, policy, and activist discourses. I examine the ways in which policy literature in the UK has dealt with the subject of internships over this same period and analyse how the question of internships is concretised in policy discourses. Following this, I undertake a close reading of the ways in which the figure of the intern is depicted in popular culture. Drawing on these insights, I locate the links between issues of gender, internships and unpaid work in the creative and arts sector and evaluate activist strategies to respond to these problems, engaging with my own experiences in the UK and in Poland. Altogether, my thesis demonstrates the variety of ways in which unpaid work and internships have become steadily normalised across the past decade or so, including by being rendered respectable as ‘educational’ or ‘training’ opportunities, and through their cooperation with highly gendered ideas of affective and creative labour. By analysing the research and activist efforts undertaken in response to this phenomenon, I outline a set of strategies for urgently required intervention against the exploitation and inequalities built into these burgeoning forms of work.
Domaine-Specific Runtime to Orchestrate Computation on Heterogeneous Platforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Task-based runtime systems in the past have sought to exploit inherent asynchronicity in the application execution to reduce overall runtime. In the last decade focus shifted to supporting the heterogeneity that is increasingly prevalent in high-performance computing systems. However, existing task-based runtime systems, being general, come with a challenging set of issues such as the complexity of abstractions and overheads. And they still leave much of the burden of exposing the parallelism on the application developers who also have to fit their applications to the runtime systems’ interfaces. In this paper we take a different approach for applications to target heterogeneous systems through domain-specific run-times. Our design aspires to leverage the domain-specific knowledge of a focused class of scientific simulations to pragmatically orchestrate computations in the simulations.
Man and Beast at Crossroads: An Analysis of Human-Wildlife Conflicts in western Serengeti, Tanzania

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study was designed to fathom the magnitude of the problem of destructive wild animals in western Serengeti. Information was collected through literature reviews ad fieldwork. A sample of five villages was investigated. The area suffers from wildlife crop damage valued at US$ 484,000 annually. Problem animals are elephants and wildebeests. Elephants have increased since 2000 due to increased anti-poaching activities. Food insecurity has increased as livelihood strategies are changing. Wildlife has not seriously threatened human life. Attacks on livestock have been relatively low. Farmers have been unsuccessfully chasing animals by tin noises, hot chillies and fencing with tobacco and chilly shrubs. Game scouts have used blank cartridges and live ammunition. Culling of elephants, allowing for controlled ivory trade, paying compensation, and empowering game scouts were frequently mentioned strategies for solving the problem. Establishment of a Wildlife Management Area is arguably an alternative economic enterprise to agriculture. Existence of skewed power relations in villages needs to be adjusted to enhance blossoming of democratic processes that are a prerequisite for sustainable development.
In-vitro studies with SF 86–327, a new orally active allylamine derivative

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SF 86-327 (Sandoz Forschungsinstitut) is an orally active allylamine derivative related to naftifine. The antifungal activity of SF 86-327 was compared in vitro with those of naftifine, ketoconazole, and itraconazole (R 51,211, Janssen Pharmaceutica) by agar dilution. 120 fungal isolates were tested. Also, the antifungal activities of SF 86-327 and naftifine against 18 dimorphic pathogens were assayed in vitro by broth dilution. Results of these studies support claims that SF 86-327 is a broad spectrum antifungal agent. Results of the broth dilution studies also revealed that SF 86-327 was both fungistatic and fungicidal in vitro for isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Sporothrix schenckii at concentrations as low as 0.05 micrograms ml-1 (18 isolates tested, MIC90 = 0.39 micrograms ml-1, MFC90 = 12.5 micrograms ml-1).
The convergence of environmental innovation, stakeholder pressure, open innovation in logistics firms: pathway to renewable energy in the presence of managerial cognition & competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The logistics industry has recently been pressured to adopt sustainable practices due to increasing environmental concerns and regulatory mandates. This study investigates the nexus between ecological innovation, stakeholder pressure, open innovation, and renewable energy adoption in logistics firms, emphasizing the moderating role of managers’ cognition of sustainable opportunities and competitive advantage. In this regard, stakeholder pressure compels organizations to adopt renewable solutions. On the other hand, open innovation and eco-innovation are pivotal in taming firms’ internal limitations and advancing the adoption of renewable technologies. Thereby, analyzing empirical data from China’s logistics firm, the present study demonstrates how open innovation, eco-innovation, and stakeholder pressure affect renewable energy adoption and the firm’s competitive advantage. In addition, the study explicitly outlines the critical role of managers’ cognition of sustainable opportunities and competitive advantage as a moderator. Through SEM, the study reveals a positive and significant relationship between open-innovation, eco-innovation, and stakeholders’ pressures regarding renewable energy adoption. The moderation of managers’ cognition in the case of eco-innovation and open innovation proved significant, whereas, in the case of stakeholder pressure, it is insignificant. Competitive advantage, another moderator, failed to moderate the proposed relationship. Findings explain that managers can realize strategic significance in terms of sustainability. They may shift toward green strategies aligned with market apprehensions and environmental regulations. This cognitive factor enhances the usefulness of open and eco-innovation during renewable adoption. Overall, the study’s findings underscore the significance of managerial insights in leveraging these factors to accelerate the industry toward a sustainable future.
Analisis Kebijakan Demokratisasi sebagai Instrumen Kekuasaan dalam Politik Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Democratization is US policy which campaign democrazy as the norms and values through realist and liberal strategy in foreign politic. This research is aimed to know the interest behind the democratization policy and US authority position globally. This reasearch used national interests concept, foreign policy and foreign politic by applying descriptive analysis method. The result of this research showed that nations thus considered to have violated the democrazy principles are a thread to washington intererst occurrence. Democratization as instrument is proven beneficially to US to intervence by economic and military politic to determine democracy standard which affected toward US impact and authority in various country significantly.
Digital Communication Channels of Government Departments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents results of the study of communication channels of public authorities to assess them and identify prospects for their digital transformation. A comparative analysis of communication channels showed that the most voluminous in terms of the number of messages are social media, but this channel is inferior to social media in terms of the number of views and calls to messages posted in social networks. Digital transformation of communication channels consists in the collection and processing of digital data, which will be most productive in web environment. Currently Russian government departments take advantages from popular social media just partly, so the web communication channels are still having great prospects for development of interaction with citizens.
Model Checking Real-Time Component Based Systems with Blackbox Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a simple model for component based real-time systems using duration automata. For this simple model we propose an algorithm for solving the emptiness problem using black-box testing for components which is in the same complexity class as for solving the emptiness problem for untimed component based systems. Furthermore, the verification of behavioural real-time properties in this model can be done with techniques from duration Calculus.