jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preadjudicatory detention in a large metropolitan juvenile court.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the use, and possible abuse, of detention by the juvenile court has been the subject of heated controversy in recent years, this issue has received very little systematic empirical attention. A few studies of detention have been conducted, but they have produced “mixed” findings, which may be a result of the different locations and time periods considered, and the different methodologies employed. To shed additional light on this important question, we examine in this investigation the effect of a variety of legal, extralegal, and other case characteristics on the preadjudicatory detention practices of a large metropolitan juvenile court. Over 60,000 cases disposed of by the court during a seven-year period (1969–1975) were considered in a detailed multivariate analysis of detention outcomes (detained/not detained). The analysis produced no evidence that the court operates on a double standard—discriminates—along sexual, racial, or socioeconomic lines in the use of detention. Both additive and interaction statistical models considering the extralegal variables showed a youth's sex, race, and social class to be largely independent of detention decisions. In contrast, a legal factor—a youth's previous court experience—was found to be an important predictor of detention. This factor better accounts for detention outcomes than any, or all, of the other legal, extralegal, and other case history variables considered in the analysis.
Nonacoustic Contributions to the Perception of Fluent Speech

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Phonetic ambiguities (e.g., a name/an aim) were excised from semantically neutral and disambiguating sentence contexts. The isolates were used to compare the effects of item familiarity, listener expectations, syntactic context, and semantic plausibility on segmentation and identification of the speech stream. In Experiment 1, 36 college students identified 81.6% nonambiguous controls, and 48.9% of the ambiguous isolates. In Experiment 2, 94 students (unaware vs. preinformed of the ambiguities) listened either to isolates or to sentences that were neutral, semantically compatible, or contradictory to the reinserted isolates. Semantic plausibility of sentences shifted perception most powerfully from the acoustic base. Item familiarity interacted with all other variables. Expectations and syntactic effects were intermediate. Results are related to conversational speech perception.
Conference Report: 4th Japan Bioanalysis Forum Symposium: Japanese Guidelines on Bioanalytical Method Validation and Latest Discussion Within The Japanese Bioanalyst Community

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Japan Bioanalysis Forum (JBF) was established in 2011 as a group for the purpose of discussion on regulated bioanalysis in Japan. The forum has played a prominent role in the development of Japanese bioanalytical method validation guidelines and has supported Japanese Harmonization Team members of the Global Bioanalysis Consortium. At the 4th JBF Symposium, the outline of the bioanalytical method validation guideline for small molecules in Japan, which was just published in July 2013, and that of the JBF draft guideline for ligand-binding assay, were presented. In addition, the outcomes of discussion groups, in which regulated bioanalysis issues were scientifically discussed, were also presented to about 250 attendees from industry, government and academia.
LIVE RENAL DONORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To compare the findings of helical computed tomographic angiography and intra-operative findings in live related donors. To evaluate the accuracy of helical computed tomography with advanced 3D techniques in depicting the renal vasculature, parenchymal and anatomy of collecting system. Setting: Sheikh Zayed Post Graduate Medical Institute and National Institute of kidney diseases Lahore. Material and Method: Between June 2006 to May 2009 eighty potential donors underwent CT angiogram as a part of theirpreoperative workup. We retrospectively studied the CT angiogram and compared the finding with the surgical findings. The results were reviewed with radiologists to determine the discrepancy in discordant cases. Results: The accuracy of CT angiography was 93.40% to predict number of vessels. Five arteries and one vein was missed, this disconcordant comprised 7.59% during initial CT interpretation. The overallconcordance between CT angiography and operative findings in delineating the arterial anatomy was found in 74(93.67%) and venous in 78 (98.73%) donors. All CT scans demonstrated normal collecting system except one, which showed a dilated right pelvicalical system and ureter. Simple renal cysts about the size of 2-4 cm were found in the four left kidneys. CT scan supplied additional important anatomical informationincluding kidney size and the presence of nephrolithiasis. Conclusion: Helical CT angiography is very specific for arterial and venous anatomy as well as other anatomical and functional details. It provides all the information required by a surgeon. It can become the single imaging modality for preoperative assessment of potential donors in place of conventional angiography and intravenous urography. CT angiography isminimally invasive and cost effective.
Innovation for sustainable egg production: realigning production with societal demands in The Netherlands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper describes an innovation trajectory for sustainability in egg production in The Netherlands in the period 2002-2012. In the approach as well as in the analyses, insights from scientific disciplines that have studied transformations towards sustainability were adopted. Central stage is the project ‘Keeping and loving hens’ and its outcome, by a variety of follow up activities, in terms of technical changes as well as rearrangements of key players in the Dutch egg sector. The ‘Keeping and loving hens’ project was meant to contribute to a change in the Dutch egg sector towards sustainability by explicating and integrating the basic needs of the hen, farmer and citizen in an interactive design process with stakeholder involvement. At the end of the project, various other projects and activities by different key players has taken place, several of which have been evaluated and published. Together they provide a detailed description of a pathway of change. The multiple design goals included income for the farmer, acceptance by the public and improved animal welfare. Analyses has shown that designing well-founded images for laying hen husbandry systems created a learning network for sustainable egg production and elicited entrepreneurial innovations which gained the support of both animal welfare and retail organisations. Furthermore, it prompted government to develop additional policy instruments to support innovation for sustainable development. By early 2012, four laying hen farms in The Netherlands had adopted the principles developed in the project including functional areas for hens, coverable runs, no beak trimming and visitor's facilities to improve local embedment. Their production represented about 0.4% of total egg production in The Netherlands. The most important outcome, however, was a realignment of key players including farmers, retail, animal welfare organizations and government. Together they contribute to a pattern of emerging supply chains characterised by improved animal husbandry at the farm level in combination with an emerging market that is prepared to pay a premium for these products.
Woman Representation in Turkish Detective Series

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Turkish series, the audience watches so many representations of women. It is always so clear that woman has some trouble during her life especially if she works somewhere. And if she is a police officer, these troubles get more and more. She works in a very stressful place and has really hard times. The scope of the study is to examine woman representation in Şahsiyet mini internet series. In this study, the woman commissioner Nevra who is a character in Şahsiyet series, which was presented to the audience over the internet in 2018, was examined with the qualitative content analysis.
Hemorrhage from Umbilical Cord Ulceration Identified on Real-Time Ultrasound in a Fetus with Duodenal Atresia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Umbilical cord ulceration has been associated with congenital upper intestinal (duodenal or jejunal) atresia and can lead to fatal fetal intrauterine hemorrhage. We report a case of spontaneous hemorrhage from the umbilical cord, incidentally noted at the time of ultrasound in a 33-week fetus with suspected duodenal atresia, in which immediate delivery resulted in a good outcome. Despite many reports in the literature of congenital upper intestinal atresia and its association with umbilical cord ulceration, the propensity for this lesion for fetal hemorrhage, and the resulting perinatal morbidity and mortality, there appears to be a gap in the dissemination of this knowledge. In fetuses with suspected congenital upper intestinal atresia, recognition of the entity of umbilical cord ulceration may be improved by ultrasound with special attention to the amount of Wharton’s jelly within the cord. Routine antepartum fetal surveillance may reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality from this condition. A high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis of umbilical cord ulceration in association with congenital upper intestinal atresia. The role of amniotic fluid bile acids in the genesis of this disorder needs further study.
BENTUK PENYAJIAN TARI RADDAT APE NANG DITUMBOK DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the form presentation of the Raddat Ape Nang Ditumbok Dance in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. The problem of this research is related to the elements of the presentation form of the Raddat Ape Nang Ditumbok Dance. This research uses qualitative approach. The authors used descriptive method to analyse the cheography of the Raddat Ape Nang Ditumbok Dance. The authors involved two informants in the process of interview. The authors also used observation dan document analysis in this study. Based on the interview, observation and document analysis, the authors concluded that the Raddat Ape Nang Ditumbok dance consists of 6 to 12 female players. This dance comprises 5 movements, namely “menumbuk padi”, “menampi padi”, “timang burung”, “nyiur melambai”, and “sedih bahagia”. The floor pattern in this dance uses horizontal, triangular, and zig-zag floor patterns. The musical instruments used in the the Raddat Ape Nang Ditumbok Dance are tambourines, long drums (kedumbak), tahar, and rumba. The dance is accompanied with song. The dancers use realistic make-up, the clothes used are brackets, tapeh sarong, bun, lotus, and head accessories such as rocking flowers and earrings. The venue used must be a proscenium stage and an open field.
Leadership Succession Practices And Employees’ Career Development In The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The inability of organizations to have a well-articulated Leadership Succession plan and culture has led to disruptions in operations and leadership transition crisis. Limited literature is available on the relationship between leadership succession planning and employees career development in NNPC raising debate whether the link is tenable with the corporation. In the NNPC, there is no deliberate and structured plan for leadership succession. So, this study examined the effect of leadership succession planning on employees’ career development in NNPC. The Social Cognitive Career Theory and Common-Sense Theory were used to support this research. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the research consisted of 9,024 top level, middle level and lower level management (Supervisors) staff of the NNPC who has spent more than 5years in the organization and have up to 5 years before retirement age of 60 years and sample size of 1,960 was derived using Slovin formula and purposive sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire with a six-point modified Likert- Scale was administered with a 74.6% response rate (926) copies of the questionnaires came correctly and were used for the study. The data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that there is lack of leadership succession planning and practices in NNPC. The also revealed that there is no established career path for every employee and professional groups in NNPC. The study concludes that Leadership Succession practice have no significant effect on Employee Career Development in NNPC. The study recommends that Federal Government should empower the NNPC to put in place proper Leadership Succession planning especially in HR itself. This can be achieved when the corporation embeds a formal employee career development policy and procedure. Also, NNPC should continuously be strategizing and moving with the global trend in HR practices and to learn about future possibilities. The NNPC management and staff should align themselves with strategies to survive in the changing global business reality Keywords: Leadership succession planning, Employees career development, NNPC, Corporations, Nigeria
An inquiry into the development of expert systems in legal reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The first goal of this paper is to review some of the steps necessary in developing a system that reasons effectively in some domain of law. The paper will begin by addressing the issues of domain selection, domain analysis and knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, and selection of an inference method. After presenting a brief argument against using rule-based reasoning as the primary mode of inference, the paper will go on to expound the virtues of Kevin Ashley's HYPO, a software model of case based legal argument. It will conclude with a short description of my experience implementing part of a software model of legal reasoning.
The relative expression levels of CD148 and CD180 on clonal B cells and CD148/CD180 median fluorescence intensity ratios are useful in the characterization of mature B cell lymphoid neoplasms infiltrating blood and bone marrow – Results from a single centre pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The categorization of mature B cell neoplasms (MBN) infiltrating blood and bone marrow are met with difficulties. The inclusion of CD148 and CD180 in the routine flow cytometry/FCM panels has been suggested to refine the diagnosis. We studied the discriminatory ability of CD148 and CD180 median fluorescence intensity(MFI), CD148/CD180 ratio and their expression relative to T cells (CD148 ab/T , CD180 ab/T ), neutrophils (CD148 ab/gr , CD180 ab/gr ) and normal B cells (CD148 ab/n , CD180 ab/n ) in the differentiation of mature B cell neoplasms (MBN) especially non‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Methodology The flow cytometric (FCM) expression of CD148 and CD180 was studied prospectively in 102 patients (non‐CLL; n = 72); diagnosed by a comprehensive panel of immunophenotypic and cytogenetic studies. The MFI and ratios were statistically compared across MBNs by Mann‐Whitney U test. Cut‐off values, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for significant parameters by receiver operator characteristic curve. Results CD180MFI > 4.35 showed 100% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for a diagnosis of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) while, CD148/180 > 5.15 was 100% specific and 81.8% sensitive for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. CD148 ab/T (>4.3; 100% specificity, 83.4% sensitivity) and CD148 ab/gr (>1.1; 100% sensitivity, 90% sensitivity) were useful for differentiating blastoid‐mantle cell lymphoma/MCL from diffuse large B cell lymphoma; while CD148MFI (≥20.25), CD148 ab/T (>3.35) and CD148 ab/gr (>0.95) showed >90% specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing MCL from CLL. Pairwise analysis also showed a good discriminant function of various parameters for distinguishing SMZL from other MBNs like FL, MCL as well as CLL. Conclusions The current study shows an excellent utility of CD148MFI, CD180MFI, their ratio and relative expression levels in the subcategorization of immunophenotypically related MBNs.
PENGARUH INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG), TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA SBI, DAN NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP UNIT PENYERTAAN REKSADANA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI), SBI, and Exchange Units of Mutual Funds Against the period 2009-2011. The population in this study is a mutual fund owned Danareksa Mawar Danareksa Investment Management is active in 2009-2011. This study uses secondary data. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression equation kuadratterkecil and test hypotheses using t-statistics for testing the partial regression coefficients and F-statistics to test the effect together with a significance level of 5%. It also made the classic assumption test covering normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test. The results of the study during the years 2009-2011 shows together Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI), Rate Interest Rate, and Exchange Rate Against affect Mutual Fund Units. While the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) and the exchange rate has an influence on Mutual Fund Units. But Interest Rates SBI has no influence Mutual Fund Units.
“My Kingdom for a Horse!” The Development of Equestrian Influence in Early Modern Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Humanity has always had a close relationship with horses, from using them for work to warfare to recreation. The era of early modern Europe is especially telling because of the transition of horsemanship underwent during that period. The horse has been used as a symbol of status and power that can be seen strongly throughout the culture of the 17th and 18th centuries with the development in breeding, the impact on different courts throughout Europe, and their elevation in art.
[Features and treatment of immediate and late asthmatic responses].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In atopic asthma, the antigen-induced airway reaction consists of three phases; (1) immediate asthmatic response, LAR, (2) late asthmatic response, LAR, and (3) post-late asthmatic response, pLAR. Election microscopic examination of biopsy specimens of the bronchial mucosa, and examination of desquamated bronchial epithelial cells in sputum after antigen challenge showed that eosinophil infiltration in the bronchial epithelium contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Since LAR and pLAR are considered to be inflammatory responses caused by eosinophil infiltration, suppression of the inflammation by anti-allergic drugs and corticosteroids is effective in the treatment of LAR and pLAR. PAF antagonists and immunosuppressive agents have been investigated for their use in asthma treatment because of their anti-inflammatory effects. In addition to these anti-inflammatory agents, an antagonist of leukotriene C4 and D4 which are potent bronchoconstricting mediators has been shown to suppress both IAR and LAR, suggesting its possible use in asthma treatment.
Principal Leadership Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on the leadership management of the principal of SMP Negeri 1 Sonder. The formulation of the problem in this study is How to Understand School Principals about Leadership Management in Country 1 Sonder. How school principals in Negeri 1 Sonder implement leadership management and how school principals strive to improve leadership management. This study uses a qualitative research method that is qualitative descriptive. Observations, documents and interviews are used as data collection techniques. Based on the formulation of the problem and the results of the field study, several conclusions were drawn, including: The leader, namely the principal, understands that leadership management is a very important thing that helps him in organizing, carrying out and assuming responsibilities as a leader or principal. The principal carries out or implements his leadership by fulfilling his leadership duties even though it has not been maximized and fostering good relationships with teachers, students, and parents. The principal also strives to improve leadership management at SMP Negeri 1 Sonder, so that the principal strives for educational conditions to run well by dividing tasks, creating an organizational structure, controlling all tasks given to teachers, fostering good relationships and communication between the school, the government, parents and the community, as well as approaching teachers and students and trying to be leaders for the progress of the school.
Analysis of Critical Systems Certification

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We introduce the filter model of regulatory certification of safety-critical systems. This model characterizes the certification process itself as a safety-critical system in which incorrectly certifying a system that should be rejected is an accident. The role of certification is modeled as the identification of faults in the system being certified, i.e., a filter for system faults. Application of safety-engineering techniques to the certification process allows assessment of certification and offers the possibility of correction of weaknesses.
A Perinatal Database Management System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obstetric services have long recognized the need for ongoing evaluation of their experiences. Manual »departmental statistics« systems sufficed, but with the advent of more sophisticated care, perinatal re-gionalization and increased research activity, the potential usefulness of computer technology became obvious. At Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, a laboratory computer based patient information file system was designed and implemented beginning in 1974. Over the succeeding six years, data have been collected and stored for all delivered pregnancies. There are now over 61,000 files for more than 20,000 consecutively delivered patients. The system provides over 40,000 clinical reports per year. However, the use of a file-oriented system has limited our ability to respond to specific research queries. The application of a relational database management system, INGRES, for perinatal information is reported here. Examples of its use for efficiently »answering questions« are presented, as are guidelines for the development and implementation of computer-based perinatal record systems.
Concurrent discrete event-driven simulation tools

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parallel processing techniques that may enhance the performance of simulation methods for telecommunications networks are reviewed. The assumption that each processor runs a single network component process is avoided, such a premise being unrealistic when simulating large networks. Performance issues arising from implementing distributed simulation strategies on message-passing processor architectures are discussed. Nontrivial network models are separated into domains, each sited on a distinct transputer. Problems arising from the limited connectivity of the transputer are also addressed.< >