jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Exogenous Melatonin Regulates the Expression of Androgen, Estradiol and Progesterone Receptors in the Ovary, Oviduct and Uterus of Ethanol-Preferring Rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic ethanol intake is associated with female hormonal dysfunction and it is well known that melatonin, an indolamine used for several therapies, plays key roles in regulating reproductive physiology. However its effects via sex steroid hormonal receptors remain inconclusive. Thus, this study was to evaluate how long-term melatonin exerts its regulatory effects on sex steroid receptors in ovary, oviduct and uterus of UChB rats chronically-exposed to ethanol (submitted to 10% (v/v) voluntary ethanol consumption). Forty adult female rats (n = 10/group) were finally selected for this study. UChB Co: drinking water only; UChB EtOH: drinking ethanol at 2-6 mL/100 g/day + water, both receiving 0.9% NaCl + 95% ethanol 0.04mL as vehicle. Concomitantly, UChB Co+M and UChB EtOH+M groups were infused with vehicle + melatonin [100 µg/100 g body weight/day] intraperitoneally for 60 days. All animals were euthanized by decapitation during the morning estrus (4 a.m.) and samples of ovaries, oviducts and uteri were collected and processed for western blot analysis of the melatonin receptor (MT1R), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β) and progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB). Despite ovary AR has not been influenced by melatonin, both ethanol and ethanol + melatonin led to a decrease in oviduct AR levels, while only ethanol induced lower uterus AR compared to controls. Both ER-α and ER-β were underexpressed by either ethanol or melatonin in both ovary and oviduct and only ER-β showed low expression in uterus of the UChB EtOH and UChB Co+M rats. Conversely, PRA and PRB in the ovary were positively regulated by ethanol or ethanol + melatonin, whereas PRA was suppressed in uterus and oviduct, except when ethanol + melatonin were combined. Additionally, in melatonin-treated rats, regardless of ethanol consumption, there was an increase in ovary and uterus MT1R levels, in contrast to down-regulation of oviduct MT1R mediated by melatonin itself. We conclude that there are interactions between melatonin and ethanol on the expression pattern of androgen, estradiol and progesterone receptors in the ovary, oviduct and uterus of ethanol-preferring rats. Moreover, the responsiveness to androgen receptor is variable, enhancing or attenuating the ethanol effects in the ovary. Melatonin also potentiates the ethanol effects on oviduct and uterus. (poster)
A taxonomic comparison of the Hardun,Laudakia stellio(Reptilia, Agamidae), populations of southern Turkey (Hatay) and Cyprus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Laudakia stellio population in the Hatay region, on the southeast Mediterranean strip of Turkey, was investigated in detail by mapping morphometric and meristic characters as well as colour and pattern features. On the basis of the morphometric characters present in the population sample examined, we conclude that the Hatay population should be included in the subspecies Laudakia stellio stellio. Comparison of the Hatay population with L. s. cypriaca from Cyprus showed that these two populations represent two separate subspecies.
Exploring the Relationships Between Socioeconomic Status, Expressive Language and Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A class of behaviors with particular concern in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) due to their potential to cause physical harm. Roughly half of children with ASD engage in SIBs, making the identification of risk factors important in protecting the health and safety of these children. This study analyzed data from 66 children with the purpose of identifying potential risk factors for both the presence and severity of 8 specific types of SIBs. The following risk factors were examined: expressive language ability, annual household income, maternal education level, paternal education level, and combined parent education level. Prevalence rates were calculated for each risk factor, showing differing SIB prevalence across risk factors. Correlations were also calculated between each potential risk factor and each type of SIB’s presence and severity ratings. All risk factors tested were not independently significantly associated with specific types of SIBs. This study presents a new finding that the interaction between household income and combined parent education level are significantly associated with total SIB severity. This supports the theory that socioeconomic status may impact children with ASD and their families.
Re-Label Is All You Need

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In industry deep learning application, our manually labeled data has a certain number of noisy data. To solve this problem and achieve more than 90 score in dev dataset, we present a simple method to find the noisy data and re-label the noisy data by human, given the model predictions as references in human labeling. In this paper, we illustrate our idea for a broad set of deep learning tasks, includes classification, sequence tagging, object detection, sequence generation, click-through rate prediction. The experimental results and human evaluation results verify our idea.
Development of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductors for Magnetic Bearings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The material requirements, material manufacturing and magnetic properties that are relevant to fabrication of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) magnetic bearings have been discussed. It is found that the seeded-melt-texturing method can be used to fabricate the single domain material that is required to achieve the best magnetic properties. Trapped-field mapping has been used as a non-destructive tool to determine the single-domain nature of the HTS material and quantity of the HTS disks. Both the trapped field and the levitation force of the Y-Ba-Cu-O disks are found to be strongly sensitive to the oxygen content.
A Novel Treatment of Crohn’s Disease that is Not Only Safe in Pregnancy but Can Correct Infertility and Recurrent Miscarriages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Treatment with dopaminergic drugs e.g., dextroamphetamine sulfate (DS) has provided marked relief of abdominal pain and diarrhea in patients with Crohn's disease who failed to respond to other therapies e.g., corticosteroids and biologic monoclonal antibody therapy directed against pro- inflammatory cytokines e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment with DS has provided marked amelioration of Crohn’s disease and dysmenorrhea thus relieving excessive bowel inflammation and pelvic inflammation with subsequent successful conception. The likely mechanism of action is through stimulating the release of dopamine from sympathetic nerve fibers leading to diminished cellular permeability thus limiting absorption of toxic elements into those tissues. There are reports of DS improving fecundity i.e. aiding conception and inhibiting miscarriage. Objective: To see if DS combined with luteal phase progesterone in a woman with Crohn’s disease but no pelvic pain suffering with infertility with diminished oocyte reserve can help her to conceive naturally despite failure with other therapies including in vitro fertilization. Findings: Not only did the DS markedly ameliorate her inflammatory bowel symptoms but she also conceived naturally and has passed the first trimester with a live fetus. Conclusion: At her last consultation with her previous fertility specialist, she was advised that she should proceed with donor oocytes. She probably had excessive endometrial inflammation despite the absence of dysmenorrhea. Thus, inflammation may have also caused damage to her ovarian egg supply. Dopaminergic drugs should be considered to help infertile women to conceive when there is evidence of other autoimmune disorders even with no apparent pelvic pain. DS is much safer to take during pregnancy than corticosteroids or biologics even with monoclonal antibodies especially in the last trimester.
RABBIT GROWTH PERFOMANCE AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY LEVELS OF DATE WASTE MEAL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was performed during the period from April to June 2014 (90 days), at Maryout Research Station belongs to Desert Research Center (DRC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, in cooporation with Environmental Sustainable Development Department, Environmental Studies & ResearchInstitute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Menofiea Governorate, Egypt. It was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporating different levels of dietary date waste meal (DWM) at 0.0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the diet with or without adding zylam (Z) on feed intake and body weight gain of New White Zealand (NZW) rabbits. Sixty growing NZW rabbits (30 males and 30 females) aged 8 weeks with anaverage weight 1.530±0.36 kg for both two sexes were used in this study. Both sexes were divided into five equal groups (6 in each) according to the level of DWM replacement (0.0 C, 10 T1, 20 T2, 30 T3 and 40 T4%). Each group was divided into two groups (3 in each) according to adding enzyme (with or without). Group T2Z significantly (p<0.05) recorded the best digestion coefficient values (74.66; 74.91; 87.64; 52.8; 83.18 and 79.46 % for DM; OM, CP, CF; EE and NFE, respectively) comparing with control and other experimental diets, while at 40% DWM with zylam (T4Z group) was the worst one.Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE significantly (p<0.05) decreased by increasing dietary DWM levels. Group fed 20% dietary DWM with zylam (T2Z) significantly (p<0.05) recorded a best digestible nutrients and nutritive values [TDN (66.88 %) and NB (2.7%)] compared with control and other experimental groups. Inclusion of date waste meal (DWM) at 10% recorded significantly (p<0.05) an increase in final live body weight (LBW) compared with 30% and 40%. Insignificant (p>0.05) differences were detected between treated and control group for feed conversion ratio (FCR). Insignificant differences were observed for different dietary levels of DWM on cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST.and not negatively affected liver activity or rabbit's health. Conclusively, it could be concluded that diets containing up to 20% of date waste meal (DWM) and supplemented with 1g zylam during growing period could be used safely in rabbit diets during growing period.
Comparison of tithonia ( Tithonia diversifolia ) green manure, poultry manure and inorganic sources of nitrogen in the growth of kales ( Brassicae oleraceae ) in Nyeri county, Kenya

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Production of vegetables in Nyeri County (Central Kenya) is greatly hampered by failure of farmers to use fertilizers. This is partly because of the relative high cost of the fertilizers. Tithonia green manure may provide a suitable alternative to the conventional inorganic sources of nitrogen. However, there is little information on its potential benefit especially in the growing of kales, ( Brasicae oleraceace ). Kales were grown on two experimental sites to compare tithonia green manure, poultry manure and other inorganic sources of nitrogen, namely calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea and ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN). The fertilizer treatments were applied in three levels of; 30 kg of N/ha, 60 kg of N/ha and unfertilized control, from inorganic and equivalent of organic sources. Except for tithonia green manure, all the other treatments were administered at the time of transplanting. The experiment was a Completely Randomized Block Design, with five treatments in three levels, replicated three times on each site, and each site being a replica. Individual plots measured 4 m x 3 m at inter-plant and inter-row spacing of 60 cm x 60 cm, respectively. The inter-plot spacing was 50 cm and inter-block spacing was 100 cm. The fresh weight of kales was compared for all the treatments as well as the control. The data collected were subjected to F-test using SPSS proprietary computer software (Version 12.00). Treatment means found to be significantly different from each other were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% confidence level. The results indicated that tithonia green manure applied at 60 kg of N/ha or 9t/ha equivalent of dry matter, produced the highest fresh weight of kales followed by calcium ammonium nitrate applied at the same rates. The difference was significant and higher by an average of 7.65 % from the two experimental sites. Nevertheless, tithonia green manure was not easily available during the traditional planting season in the region. Further research is required to explore the possibility of applying it in mixture with poultry manure because as observed, many smallholder mixed farmers also keep poultry which could be a source of poultry manure. Undoubtly, organic fertilizers complement inorganic fertilizers. Key words : Nitrogen, yields, Tithonia, plant nutrients
Cystic meningiomas, literature review and case reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Meningiomas of central nervous system are common lesion, but among them, the cystic meningiomas are very rare tumours. We report two cases of cystic meningioma successfully treated, and we propose the modification of the widely used Nauta classification of cystic meningiomas. The clinical results depend on meticulous preoperative diagnosis and surgical planning, enhancing the utility of modification of Nauta classification by adding bone invasion.
Moving to High Quality of Life

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The U.S. population has been migrating to places with high perceived quality of life. A calibrated general-equilibrium model shows that such migration follows from broad-based technological progress. Rising wages increase demand for consumption amenities. Under a baseline parameterization, a place with amenities for which individuals would pay 5 percent of their income grows 0.3 percent faster than an otherwise identical place. The faster growth of high-amenity places is considerably strengthened if they have low initial equilibrium population density underpinned by low relative productivity. Productivity is shown to be a decreasingly important determinant of local population. Among places with identical amenities but varying productivity, equilibrium densities converge over time. Local amenities are thus the sole determinant of asymptotic local population density.
Understanding the atmospheric response to seismic sources: the 2020 mb 4.9 Kiruna minequake, Sweden

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A minequake of magnitude Mw4.9 occurred on 18 May 2020 early in the morning at the LKAB underground iron ore mine in Kiruna, Sweden. This is the largest mining-induced earthquake in Scandinavia. It generated acoustic signals observed at three infrasound arrays at 9.3 (KRIS, Sweden), 155 (IS37, Norway), and 286 km (ARCI, Norway) distance. Using regional seismic data, we performed a moment-tensor inversion highlighting that this event was dominated by a shallow-depth collapse in agreement with in-mine seismic station data. This was further confirmed by full waveform modelling within a coupled Earth-atmosphere model at local and regional distances using full moment tensor sources. Discrepancies between epicentral location from regional seismic inversion and simulated acoustic data indicate that local pressure records can help further constraining a seismic event location. Numerical simulations demonstrate a potential of using local and regional infrasound data to constrain focal mechanism and depth.
Humoral Response after Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Has a Role in Predicting Response after Three Doses That Is Related to Plasma HIV Viremia and Nadir CD4+ Cell Count in HIV-Positive Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the spike IgG levels of HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy six months after they received their second dose (T2) and six months after the third dose (T3) of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, as well as the influence of different levels of plasma HIV viremia of overall CD4+ cell count and nadir value on the humoral time course. One hundred eighty-four patients were enrolled. The median age was 55 years, the median CD4+ cell count was 639 cells/mm3 and the median nadir value was 258 cells/mm3. On the basis of all tests performed during the study period, persistently undetectable plasma HIV RNA (PUD) was found in 66 patients, low-level viremia (LLV) in 57 and ongoing viremia (OV) in 61. Serum levels of IgG antibodies against a trimeric S-protein antigen were tested with DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG and the response was classified as optimal (>75th percentile), intermediate (50th–25th percentile) and low (<25th percentile). The frequencies of the three different patterns of plasma HIV viremia (PUD, LLV and OV) were comparable in patients with low, intermediate and optimal IgG response evaluated at T2, with no difference in overall CD4+ cell count or nadir count. At T3, 92.9% of patients achieved an optimal response: T2 response proved to be the most important factor in predicting T3 optimal response in patients with LLV and OV.A nadir value ≤ 330 cells/mm3 had 100% sensitivity in predicting a non-optimal response. In conclusion, we demonstrated the persistence of anti-spike IgG, with high serum levels occurring in most patients six months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and a predictive role of humoral response at T2 in subjects with detectable plasma HIV viremia. Immunological alterations related to past immunodeficiency may persist despite immune reconstitution, and the nadir value could be a useful tool for elaborating personalized vaccine schedules.
A study of head and neck cancer patients with special reference to tobacco use and educational level

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In India, head and neck cancers (HNCs) are common and constitute 20%–30% of all cancers. The most common risk factors are consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Betel nut chewing with or without tobacco is a major risk factor for HNC in India, especially in the Northeast India. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective study to measure the descriptive scenario of HNC cases along with their demographic and risk factor profile. The patients diagnosed from June 01, 2014, to December 31, 2014, were included in the study. The data of patients were analyzed for age, gender, subsites, stage at diagnosis, pattern and prevalence of tobacco usage, and different education level of patients. Chi-square test was performed to assess the association of gender and tobacco habits. Results: One thousand four hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in the study, M: F was 4:1, hypopharynx in males (36.2%) and mouth in females (39.8%) were leading HNC sites, and majority (83.8%) presented in locally advanced stages. Majority of patients (34.1%) and tobacco users (34.7%) were illiterates, and 82.9% of all HNC patients were tobacco users. Males with cancers of the tongue, hypopharynx, and larynx (P < 0.05) were significantly at an increased risk of developing HNC with tobacco consumption. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that improvement in the education level may lead to decline in the use of tobacco and thereby reduction in the burden of HNC patients.
The Psychology of Paranormal Belief: A Researcher's Handbook

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It would perhaps be an overstatement to describe paranormal beliefs as ubiquitous, but they certainly are shared by many people. Rigorously solicited poll data suggest that a majority of the American population embraces at least one paranormal belief... Some account here should also be taken of the degree of conviction, because the rejection of even the less widely endorsed paranormal beliefs may be unequivocal in only a minority of the population. For example, Hamilton (2001) found that while there was considerable scepticism toward astrology, only 25 per cent of her sample said they had 'no belief at all' in astrology. In short, some degree of conviction in paranormal beliefs is very common in the general population... Strictly speaking, paranormal phenomena are scientifically impossible events or, as Broad (1949) argued, they are phenomena that violate the 'basic limiting principles' of current scientific understanding. Not all of the above beliefs relate to paranormal phenomena as thus defined; it may reasonably be argued that in a strict sense the existence of UFOs or the existence of God, for example, is not 'scientifically impossible'. There is a fundamental dilemma here that requires at least tentative resolution. One option would be to implement from the outset a definition of paranormal belief as belief in scientifically impossible phenomena and henceforth to exclude discussion of any belief (e.g., the existence of UFOs or God) that does not meet this criterion. Although this option is logically defensible, at this point of the exposition it would be tactically injudicious. There is a substantial quantity of research on these 'paranormal' beliefs that do not pertain to scientifically impossible phenomena and it would be premature to discard this knowledge without examining its potential implications for paranormal belief as more widely conceived. If belief in scientifically impossible phenomena were to be found to differ from the other beliefs that researchers have classified as paranormal, there will be ample opportunity in the final chapter of the monograph for some conceptual house-cleaning in relation to the 'paranormality' criterion. Thus I now aim to construct a working definition of 'paranormal belief' that accommodates the common broad usage of this term by most researchers and lay people. Under this approach paranormal belief cannot viably be defined simply as belief in scientifically impossible phenomena and, indeed, even a minor modification of Broad's (1949) definition of paranormality would not suffice for this purpose. As will become evident, the formulation of a working definition is not a straightforward task, but the following critical scrutiny of various definitional issues may help to clarify the nature of the concept of paranormal belief as it is popularly applied.
On a stakeholder model of corporate governance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Rationales for a stakeholder model of corporate governance are based on enlightened self‐interest, moral imperative, and/or externalities. Of these, the externalities rationale holds the most promise to justify a stakeholder focus. Recent evidence, however, indicates that the benefits of a stakeholder focus are limited because the social costs of many corporate activities already are internalized. Potential benefits also must be weighed against the costs, which include increased potential for conflict, waste, and managerial self‐dealing. I conclude by advocating for the traditional governance model based on shareholder interests, with allowance for managers to deviate from this model in limited circumstances when the external impacts on other stakeholders are large. To constrain managerial opportunism, such deviations should be defended with a new type of double bottom line reporting, which augments traditional financial reporting with a statement of the social benefits of any deviations from shareholder value maximization.