jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Norman and Anglo-Norman participation in the Iberian Reconquista, c.1018 - c.1248

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis covers the Norman and Anglo-Norman contribution to the Iberian Reconquista from the early eleventh to the mid-thirteenth centuries. It explores the involvement of these groups as part of the changing ideas of Holy War and their transformation as result of the First Crusade. It shows that although the Reconquista was the result of important political and economic factors within the Iberian realms, the theological aura that the papacy started placing on this conflict was a powerful motivator increasing the interest of the Normans and later Anglo-Normans, especially when coincidental with the general call for crusade in western Europe that resulted in the large expeditions that are known to us as the crusades. To cover these areas, this work is divided in four main sections: the first, Chapter II, pursues chronologically the careers of individual members of the Norman nobility such as Roger of Tosny, Robert Crispin and Robert Burdet as they became involved. It also addresses the influence that institutions like Cluny and the papacy might have had in the creation of the idea of the Reconquista in the minds of those involved. The second section, Chapter III explores the brief decline of the Norman interest in the peninsula as a result of the Norman conquest of England and the First Crusade. It also explores the revitalization of the Norman interest in the peninsular conflict with the careers of Rotrou of Perche and Robert Burdet. Chapter IV, addresses the large contribution of the Anglo-Normans as part of the Second Crusade and their motivations and the impact of their arrival on the Iberian realms. Chapter V explores the participation of the lower aristocracy and merchants from the mid-twelfth century onwards in the coastal actions on both the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Iberia, showing the impact that these actions had in the Reconquista. Finally, Chapter VI explores how the changing political circumstances in Iberia and the Anglo-Norman domains helped to increase awareness during the rise of the Angevin empire and the newly found diplomatic relations between the two regions. However, it also shows that although by the thirteenth century the Reconquista was perceived as a legitimate area of crusading, the political and economic circumstances on the peninsula as well as of the English Crown had important repercussions for the drastic decline in the number of participants.
SNP-guided identification of monoallelic DNA-methylation events from enrichment-based sequencing data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Monoallelic gene expression is typically initiated early in the development of an organism. Dysregulation of monoallelic gene expression has already been linked to several non-Mendelian inherited genetic disorders. In humans, DNA-methylation is deemed to be an important regulator of monoallelic gene expression, but only few examples are known. One important reason is that current, cost-affordable truly genome-wide methods to assess DNA-methylation are based on sequencing post-enrichment. Here, we present a new methodology based on classical population genetic theory, i.e. the HardyâWeinberg theorem, that combines methylomic data from MethylCap-seq with associated SNP profiles to identify monoallelically methylated loci. Applied on 334 MethylCap-seq samples of very diverse origin, this resulted in the identification of 80 genomic regions featured by monoallelic DNA-methylation. Of these 80 loci, 49 are located in genic regions of which 25 have already been linked to imprinting. Further analysis revealed statistically significant enrichment of these loci in promoter regions, further establishing the relevance and usefulness of the method. Additional validation was done using both 14 whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data sets and 16 mRNA-seq data sets. Importantly, the developed approach can be easily applied to other enrichment-based sequencing technologies, like the ChIP-seq-based identification of monoallelic histone modifications.
Dimensions of students’ psychosocial well-being and their measurement: Validation of a students’ Psychosocial Well Being Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper presents findings from a validation study of a measurement instrument for the dimensions of students' psychosocial well-being. Researches to date suggest many separate but related dimensions of psychosocial well-being. In the current study, psychosocial well-being is considered to have four dimensions: subjective well-being related to every day's events, subjective well-being related to faculty events, psychological well-being and social well-being. Diener's (1985) and Seligman's (2002) models of subjective well-being and Ryff's (1995) and Keyes' (1998) models of psychological and social well-being served as the conceptual basis for the development of this instrument. The sample for the validation study consisted of 449 university students at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania. Participants completed seven self-report questionnaires that related to the individual's positive functioning in personal life and in society, including the Psychosocial Well Being Inventory (PSWBI). The validation study consisted of establishing the psychometric properties, factorial structure of the construct, and convergent and divergent validity of the instrument. Results show that PSWBI is a valid instrument, performing at least as well as popular measures of overall well-being but also specifying its dimensions.
Benthic Environment and Macrobenthic Communities in a Cove with Organically Enriched Bottom Sediment due to Fish Farming for Two Decades

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fish farming using net pens in Japanese coastal waters has become increasingly common over the past two decades. In this new style of fishery, however, large amounts of material are discharged from the net pens. The increased organic input to the bottom immediately below the net pens tends to result in organic enrichment of the sediment. This enrichment causes a catastrophic environmental disturbance on the bottom during summer, resulting from hypoxic bottom water conditions and the development of reduced conditions in the sediment. In March, 1993, we assessed the chemical conditions of the bottom sediment and the composition of the Benthic community in a cove where fish farming has been taking place since 1973. In this cove, assessments of the benthic conditions have been conducted since 1968, prior to the start of fish farming. We compared the results of the study in 1993 with the earlier data to describe the f aunal changes in the benthic community, caused by the organic enrichment of the sediment. The most serious organic enrichment of the sediment occurred only at the areas adjacent to the fish farms. The benthic f aunal community, however, changed dramatically in the whole area of the cove after the onset of fish farming. Various molluscs predominated prior to the start of fish farming. As the sediment became organically enriched, the abundance of molluscs markedly declined, their biomass decreased, and the molluscan community species composition was extremely simplified. In 1993 only three species of small polychaetes (Capitella sp. 1, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Euchone sp.) and one species of amphipod, Aoroides columbiae, predominated in the Benthic community in the most organically enriched areas. These species were very rare or not found at all in the cove prior to the start of fish farming. Thus, the organic enrichment of the sediment caused by fish farming for two decades has resulted in drastic changes in the benthic faunal community of the cove, to the extent of the replacement of molluscs by previously rare species.
Saponification Method for Rosin Esters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSaponification Method for Rosin EstersA. E. Johnson and R. V. LawrenceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 8, 1345–1346Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60104a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60104a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Asymptotic Semantization of Data in Control Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Asymptotic methods for analyzing large deviations in this work are used to convert information about the state of a controlled diffusion process into probabilistic estimates of the normal or abnormal development of the process. Thus, over the reflex contour of local stabilization a system of global semantic control is implemented, a kind of second signal system. A functional analytical approach similar to the weak convergence of probabilistic measures is used as an analysis tool, which makes it possible to significantly expand the conditions for applying the method. Global control is reduced to solving the Lagrange problem in the form of Pontryagin for the system of ordinary differential equations (system of paths), the Ventzel-Freidlin action functional (or "rate function" in some English literature), which is presented here as an integral-quadratic criterion for control functions in the system of paths, and the boundary condition in the form of the critical state of the system. A bounded solution of the Lagrange — Pontryagin problem on the half-line, which gives a prototype of the quasipotential of the system of paths, is called the A-profile of the critical state. The A-profile makes it possible to significantly simplify the procedure for analyzing large deviations, up to its implementation in real time and the implementation of the global control loop (2nd signaling system). The resulting two-tier architecture is positioned as a baseline to achieve the functional stability of the control system. It is speculated that this role of the apparatus of large deviations takes place in biological evolving systems, including the formation of languages and other attributes of the evolution of higher human nervous activity.
Linking the Main Obstacles to the Strategy Implementation with the Company's Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the main obstacles to the strategy implementation and the company's revenues. The main research question, to which the author sought an answer, was whether the individual elements hindering the strategy implementation were linked with the effects of the implementation. The studies covered 200 Polish companies, which had been awarded in best companies rankings (revenues on sales constituted one of the criteria for the awards) and thereby had achieved market success in implementing their development concepts.
Ru(II)-polypyridine complexes with alkynyl Schiff base ligand: influence of π-conjugation, donor/acceptor substituents, and counter anions on electrochemical, luminescence, and catalytic properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ru(II)-polypyridine complexes of the general formula [Ru(L1/L2)(phen)2]X2 (1a–6a) and [Ru(L1/L2)(bipy)2]X2 (1b–6b) (where X = ClO4, BF4, PF6; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) were prepared by the reaction of [Ru(phen)2Cl2]·2H2O and [Ru(bipy)2Cl2]·2H2O with (E)-5-((4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)pyridin-2-amine (L1) and (E)-5-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)pyridine-2-amine (L2) in the presence of NaBF4, NaClO4, and NaPF6. The electrochemical properties of all the complexes indicate reversible redox behavior corresponding to Ru(II)–Ru(III) couple and are susceptible to variation of electron-donating/accepting properties of substituent group on L1 and L2. All complexes showed room temperature luminescence corresponding to π→π* intra-ligand charge-transfer (ILCT) transition with chelation enhanced fluorescence and is finely tuned by increasing π-conjugation, size of counter anions, and variation of substituent group with different electronic effects in the complexes. All the complexes worked as an effective catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to corresponding benzaldehyde in good yield at room temperature.
Optimization in makespan working with like parallel machines

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Economy of a country is very important and plays the role of backbone to a country's gross domestic product (GDP). Industrial field is the foundation for developing GDP. Industries or manufacturing companies are based upon their planning for their growth. This planning comes under scheduling which is the base of optimization theory. Actually, scheduling means planning our activities within stipulated time so that we can achieve our objective. Our study also includes the concept of scheduling. The target of this study is to produce a model for optimizing the elapsed time with two machines involving "m" like similar processors at first level and solitary processor at second level by adding the concept of fuzzy triangular numbers as the utilization time of each task on each of the two machines. Here branch and bound method is applied for obtaining optimal sequence of jobs and a MATLAB Code in R2018a is also developed for extending this algorithm for very large number of tasks and machines. Numerical experiment has also been done for supporting the programming.
NMR of a peptic peptide spanning the triprolyl sequence in myelin basic protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNMR of a peptic peptide spanning the triprolyl sequence in myelin basic proteinErik Nygaard, George L. Mendz, Walter J. Moore, and Russell E. MartensonCite this: Biochemistry 1984, 23, 17, 4003–4010Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00312a030https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00312a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR ORGAN DONATION FROM POTENTIAL DONORS WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOURS IN AUSTRALIA; COHORT STUDY 2010-2015

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Centre for Organ Donation Excellence. Aims: The critical shortage of donor organs represents a global challenge necessitating consideration of all potential safe donors. Most primary brain tumours (PBTs) are not a contraindication to organ donation as risk of tumour transmission to a transplant recipient is low. However, uncertainty regarding transmission risk and biovigilance may result in some referrals being overlooked due to the presence of PBT. We aimed to describe referrals with PBTs in New South Wales (NSW) Australia, identify any transmission events from PBT donors, and highlight potential missed opportunities for donation among organ donor referrals declined due to the presence of PBT. Methods: We undertook a retrospective population-based cohort study in NSW Australia, utilising the Safety and Biovigilance in Organ Donation (SAFEBOD) public health register linking donors’ and recipients’ records in NSW Organ and Tissue Donation Service datasets, NSW Ministry of Health datasets, and Australian transplant registries. We reviewed referrals 2010-2015, identifying and characterizing referrals and donors with PBTs. Tumours were classified using World Health Organization (WHO) grading and risk-assessed using Transplant Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) guidelines. Data linkage was used to determine accuracy of risk assessment at time of referral, and identify any PBT transmission events.Results: Of 2957 referrals 2010-2015, 76 (3%) had PBT. 44 (58%) of these PBTs were accurately graded at time of referral. Medical reasons other than PBT meant that 47 (62%) referrals were excluded, while 10 (13%) became donors. The remaining 19 (25%) referrals did not proceed to donate, and may represent missed donor opportunities. These referrals were significantly younger (47.7 vs. 58.6 years, p<0.001) and had fewer comorbidities (0.8 vs. 2.1, p<0.001) than referrals overall. WHO-I tumours were most common among PBT referrals (36, 47%) and PBT donors (8, 80%), but WHO-IV tumours predominated among missed opportunities (12, 68%) including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (11, 63%). All PBT donors had tumours categorized as ‘not contraindicated’ by TSANZ. No referrals with GBM or ventriculo-peritoneal shunt donated organs. No transmission events occurred after 860 months total follow up of 23 PBT transplant recipients.Conclusions: There remain opportunities to increase organ donation rates through greater consideration of referrals with PBTs. Risk of PBT transmission must be considered, especially when evaluating referrals with GBM. These risks should be balanced against others in transplantation, including receiving a marginal transplant or remaining on the transplant wait list. New South Wales Organ and Tissue Donation Service. New South Wales Ministry of Health. Reference: 1. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G et al. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathologica. 2016;131(6):803-20
Does reclaimed water induce morphological changes in midguts of honeybees (Apis mellifera syriaca)?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to assess the death rate and morphological changes in the midgut of honey worker bees when reclaimed water was the only source of drinking compared with the case when fresh water was the normal source of drinking. Two feeding solutions were implemented: fresh water sugar solution and reclaimed water sugar solution for eight consecutive days. The cages were inspected daily for any deaths of the honeybees. At the end of the experiments, midguts were removed; processed and pathological changes of the midguts were reported. The usage of reclaimed water as a drinking water had negative impacts on the average deaths of the honeybee colonies as well as the morphology of their midguts. To the best of our knowledge, no such studies have been conducted before and this is the first study that addresses the usage of reclaimed water as a sole source drinking water for honeybee colonies.
A Scrutiny of Feasibility of Recycling Materials from Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of Hamedan City, Iran

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents the amount of daily production of waste material, its physical analysis in four divided districts of Hamedan city by municipality along the four seasons of the year as well as contribution of citizens in recycling programs. For the purpose of determining the daily average amount of waste material, a weight-volume method was carried out as well as randomized quota method to determine physical analysis. During the four seasons of the year and one week a season, 5 samples, totally 20 samples of 0.5 m 3 volume, were chosen. Besides, density and humidity weight percentage were calculated to be prepared for analyzing by SAS software. In order to determine contribution of citizens in recycling programs, 500 questionnaires were distributed in the four districts and were completed using personal interview. Result s showed an average production of 482.93 tons/day waste material having a density of 268.96 kg/m 3 , a density of 46.76% and 0.96 kg per capita of waste material in Hamedan city. The results of municipal waste physical analysis also revealed that approximately 72.76 tons/year (15.07%) of total daily production of waste material included recyclable materials like plastic, metal, glass, paper and etc., while 379.93 tons/year (78.97%) were compostable organic materials. Results of the carried out survey also showed that 84% of Hamedan citizens had acquaintance with the issue of recycling, 89% tended the program to operate and 90% were ready to cooperate with the recycling program.
Observability of high-energy gamma-rays from core-collapse supernovae by CTA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cosmic rays (CRs) with energy up to the knee energy ( ~3 PeV) are believed to be accelerated by supernova remnants via the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) process. However, based on the DSA model under typical supernova conditions, the maximum energy of CRs cannot reach to the knee energy. This is considered due to the weak interstellar magnetic field. Recently, direct numerical simulations of the DSA with magnetic field amplification by the Bell instability were performed by Inoue et al. (2021). They argued that CRs can be accelerated up to knee energy during the early phase of a supernova expansion in a dense circumstellar medium created by red supergiant wind. In this study, we focus on the propagation of gamma-rays produced by CRs in such a situation. The gamma-rays emitted at the shock front interact with soft photons from the supernova photosphere and cosmic background radiations. We calculate the evolution of the gamma-ray flux and estimate whether the CTA can detect such gamma-ray emissions. We found that CTA is able to detect 100 TeV gamma-rays from very young supernova remnants once per a few years.