jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS FOR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MULTIPOINT AND MULTI-TERM INTEGRAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a nonlinear fractional differential equation containing the Caputo operator supplemented with separated multipoint and multi-term integral boundary conditions. The existence results are obtained by utilizing the Banach contraction principle and the well-known fixed point theorem of Krasnoselskii for a sum of contraction and compact mappings in Banach spaces. Some examples are also presented to illustrate the main results.
Skin Damage and Aesthetic Disadvantage Observed in Women in the Hand Craft Shelling Chain of Cashew Nuts in a Factory to Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Occupational dermatitis has long been an unforeseen consequence of industrial progress. Today, most occupational diseases are dermatosis throughout the world. The morbidity and the various prejudices concern different actors, especially those of the cashew industry in Bobo-Dioulasso to Burkina Faso. We considered it appropriate to conduct this study in women who handle cashew nuts in the cashew nut shelling station at a factory. The aim is to contribute to the search for preventive and curative solutions adapted to this health risk. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive purpose in May 2016. The study involved 112 women present in the factory in the shelling unit and having given their approval during our visit. This station is occupied by 118 women. Results: The prevalence of all dermatosis and dermatitis was estimated respectively at 98.21% and 88.39%. The manual shelling station with a shearing machine was exclusively occupied by illiterate women (72.3%) without personal protective equipment, with an average age of 33.74 ± 8.49 years. Among the clinical forms of contact dermatitis, the erythematous contact dermatitis was most observed (86.4%), followed by palmar keratoderma (70.9%), nail disorders (33.6%) and chemical burns (30%). The implication of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) was established with identified promoting factors. Aesthetic damage related to hand injuries had a significant psychosocial impact in 97.32% of cases. Discussion: Few studies exist on dermatitis and the health impacts in the reality of cashew because they reach vulnerable subjects without social welfare and health protection. The cashew nuts shell contains a highly irritating brown oily liquid. Dermatitis occurs during contact with this oily juice. The international literature reports this corrosive effect throughout the history of the chain. Human factors, technical factors and work environment aggravate the situation and compromize workwomen health. Conclusion: Cashew huskers had dermatitis with an impact on daily life. Working conditions and security of employment, hygiene attitudes and anacardic acid were identified as causes of this situation. It is imperious to take measures in collaboration with the occupational physicians to ensure these women's health at work and improve their quality of life.
Statistical Characterization of Wildfire Dynamics: Studying the Relation Between Burned Area and Head of the Fire

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that the probability density function (PDF) of an area enclosed by a random perimeter is driven by the PDF of the integration bounds and the mean value of the perimeter function. With reference to wildfires, if the integration interval is aligned with the main direction of propagation, the PDF of the burned area is driven by the PDF of the position of the head of the fire times the mean value of the fire front. We show that if the random fire front perimeter is modelled as an ellipse-like curve with stochastic noise, the relation between the probability distribution of the burned area and the one of the head of the fire is linear, with the constant mean value of the perimeter as a factor. Different random noise models have been developed and implemented for this purpose. Different behaviours of the stochastic position of the head of the fire have been studied, including Viegas’ rate of spread model. We show that for the realistic propagation model given by the operational wildfire cellular automata simulator Propagator [46], the PDF of the burned area is still driven by the position of the head of the fire and the mean value of the fire front perimeter, and the shape of the perimeter is not relevant. This has been shown for 5 case studies, ranging from easy ones to realistic complicated cases.
Characteristics of the post-infarction period in obese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Annotation. The study on the metabolic profile in the long-term period after myocardial infarction with comorbidity is relevant. The aim of the work was to examine metabolic profile and echocardiographic parameters in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and obesity following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after a 1-year follow-up. A total of 60 patients with STEMI and obesity were examined. The first subgroup consisted of 20 patients with medicamentous therapy, and the second group – 38 patients with PCI. Adropin, irisin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The statistical processing of the study results obtained was carried out using the software package “IBM SPPS Statistics 27.0”. The following parameters were increased in patients who received combined medicamentous and PCI therapy before and after the treatment (p<0.05): end-diastolic size (EDS) (by 16.83% and 10.89%, respectively), end-diastolic volume (EDV) (by 45.95% and 18.92% respectively), end-systolic volume (ESV) (by 40.0% and 27.69%, respectively), stroke volume (SV) (by 33.85% and 18.46%, respectively), left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMMI) (by 18.93% and 10.06%, respectively), adropin (by 27.13% and 47.21%, respectively), irisin (by 2.07 times and 2.75 times, respectively) and CTRP3 (by 15.98 % and 31.96%, respectively), while the following parameters were decreased: systolic blood pressure (by 16.0% and 16.67%, respectively), diastolic blood pressure (by 15.56% and 14.44%, respectively), insulin (by 40 .38% and 48.59%, respectively), glucose (by 10.97% and 15.74%, respectively), atherogenic index (by 6.03% and 12.33%, respectively). Thus, patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and obesity have been revealed with increased echocardiographic parameters and imbalanced energy and adipokine metabolism.
SirkTRE’s Evolution or Circulution?: Diverse Pathways of Circular Systemic Solutions for a Net-Zero Timber-Built Environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Norwegian innovation and action project SirkTRE is halfway through. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that circular wood solutions for construction solutions are often technically feasible; this is particularly underscored by the SirkTRE project (2022–2025). However, the scaling up of these solutions and their interaction with various barriers underscore the necessity of systemic approaches. This chapter delves into selected circular systemic solutions derived from the project. This collaborative autoethnography, drawing insights from observations and reflections on own experiences, takes an evolutionary approach to selected SirkTRE solutions. The case studies within SirkTRE include solutions at the manufacturing level, the architectural product-system level, and the building-site level and strategies engaging municipalities to supply and utilize reclaimed timber in (especially public) buildings. These examples illustrate not only the successes but also the challenges, including how economic, political, technological, and strategic decisions can impact the scaling up/out or ending. To catalyze a true revolution, or ‘circulution’, it is imperative to integrate governance, and business models, to foster interactions in the emerging system.
A farm economic module for tactical decisions on sugar beet area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For decisions at operational level in sugarbeet growing (for example on plant density, nitrogen fertilizer rate and harvest date), returns above allocated variable costs can be used as a criterion for comparing the economics of different options. For (tactical) decisions on sugarbeet area, the sugarbeet grower has to take into account the opportunity costs of labour and equipment. The paper's calculations are based on the assumption that these can be reflected by the respective allocated fixed costs. Using Dutch farm data for the period 1991-93, a method of allocating fixed costs to crops in the cropping plan is described and included in PIEteR, a bio-economic model for sugarbeet growing. Seed and ware potato and sugarbeet had the highest returns above allocated variable costs, but when allocated fixed costs were also taken into account, sugarbeet appeared to be more profitable than seed potato. When sugar quota were included in the calculations, the returns above allocated variable and fixed costs decreased with sugar yields beyond quota level, because prices of C-beets are lower than those of quota-beets. Growing C-sugar beet was not attractive; wheat growing was more profitable. However, the estimated area required to grow the exact amount of quota-sugar was uncertain with a standard deviation of +or- 10%.
Mechanism of peroxynitrite interaction with cytochrome c.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Kinetics of the reaction of peroxynitrite with ferric cytochrome c in the absence and presence of bicarbonate was studied. It was found that the heme iron in ferric cytochrome c does not react directly with peroxynitrite. The rates of the absorbance changes in the Soret region of cytochrome c spectrum caused by peroxynitrite or peroxynitrite/bicarbonate were the same as the rate of spontaneous isomerization of peroxynitrite or as the rate of the reaction of peroxynitrite with bicarbonate, respectively. This means that intermediate products of peroxynitrite decomposition, (.)OH/(.)NO(2) or, in the presence of bicarbonate, CO(3)(-)(.)/(.)NO(2), are the species responsible for the absorbance changes in the Soret band of cytochrome c. Modifications of the heme center of cytochrome c by radiolytically produced radicals, (.)OH, (.)NO(2) or CO(3)(-)(.), were also studied. The absorbance changes in the Soret band caused by radiolytically produced (.)OH or CO(3)(-)(.) were much more significant that those observed after peroxynitrite treatment, compared under similar concentrations of radicals. (.)NO(2) produced radiolytically did not interact with the heme center of cytochrome c. Cytochrome c exhibited an increased peroxidase-like activity after reaction with peroxynitrite as well as with radiolytically produced (.)OH, (.)NO(2) or CO(3)(-)(.) radicals. This means that modification of protein structure: oxidation of amino acids and/or tyrosine nitration, facilitates reaction of H(2)O(2) with the heme iron of cytochrome c, followed by reaction with the second substrate.
Virus Removal by Biogenic Cerium

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The rare earth element cerium has been known to exert antifungal and antibacterial properties in the oxidation states +III and +IV. This study reports on an innovative strategy for virus removal in drinking water by the combination of Ce(III) on a bacterial carrier matrix. The biogenic cerium (bio-Ce) was produced by addition of aqueous Ce(III) to actively growing cultures of either freshwater manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) Leptothrix discophora or Pseudomonas putida MnB29. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results indicated that Ce remained in its trivalent state on the bacterial surface. The spectra were consistent with Ce(III) ions associated with the phosphoryl groups of the bacterial cell wall. In disinfection assays using a bacteriophage as model, it was demonstrated that bio-Ce exhibited antiviral properties. A 4.4 log decrease of the phage was observed after 2 h of contact with 50 mg L(-1) bio-Ce. Given the fact that virus removal with 50 mg L(-1) Ce(III) as CeNO(3) was lower, the presence of the bacterial carrier matrix in bio-Ce significantly enhanced virus removal.
Gender Wars in Bulgaria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The anti-gender ‘debate’ in Bulgaria was almost a complete repetition of what happened in Poland and Hungary, in terms of topics, arguments and agents. What distinguishes it was the relatively late arrival of the anti-gender rhetoric (approximately in 2017), which evolved with a focus on the term ‘gender ideology’. The gender wars in Bulgaria absorbed the attack against children’s rights, which was the first one to occur, and further prepared the attack against the civil society and its agents, civil society organisations (CSOs). It took a very short time, though – within the framework of one political cycle – for this discourse to become part of the public agenda. Before 2017 the term ‘gender’, used in strategic documents and laws, did not arouse political tension and arguments. Gender policies were understood to mean policies for ensuring gender equality and, given this interpretation, they did not cause any concern either in the public opinion or among political elites.
A Global Method for Efficient Synchronized Shading Control Using the “Effective Daylight” Concept

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The majority of modern office buildings have large glass facades on every orientation. The significant impact of glass facades and dynamic controls on energy use for lighting and air-conditioning should be carefully investigated to determine ways of saving energy while maintaining comfortable conditions for the occupants. Interior roller shades are commonly used to control glare and solar heat gain. Reduced outdoor view, glare problems, increased energy use or insufficient daylight provision are some of the problems encountered with simple shading controls. Automated control of roller shades may result in improved conditions and reduced energy use if advanced criteria are used, but recent studies have shown that appropriate set points are not easy to calculate and apply in practice. This paper extends previous findings and presents the development of a new, improved control strategy applicable for any climate and orientation. The new control method, based on the “effective daylight” transmitted into the space, aims to maximize daylight utilization while satisfying visual comfort restrictions based on daylight glare probability. It can be applied to spaces with one or multiple exterior facades equipped with roller shades. The method was implemented in full-scale offices and experimental results are presented in terms of daylighting and visual comfort performance. Furthermore, the new strategy was implemented in an integrated thermal and daylighting model, validated by experimental data, to investigate the annual energy and daylighting performance of perimeter spaces with one or multiple exterior facades, and compare the new control strategy with more conventional shading controls. Overall, this study presents the principle of synchronized control of multiple shading devices on different facades (orientations) of commercial buildings. Integrated with efficient lighting and HVAC controls, it can lead to significant improvement of indoor conditions and reduced energy use.
Follicular eruptions of atopic dermatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most of 251 patients with atopic dermatitis had itchy follicular papules, mainly on the lateral parts of the trunk rather than on the extensor surfaces of the extremities. Biopsy specimens of the papules showed spongiosis and vesicle formation at the upper portion of the follicles which were surrounded and penetrated by mononuclear cells. Such an inflammatory change was absent in the surface epidermis adjacent to the follicles. It is suggested that the follicular papule is an essential lesion, probably a first visible eruption of atopic dermatitis.
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis: Current Frontiers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aflatoxins are among the principal mycotoxins that contaminate economically important food and feed crops. Aflatoxin B 1 is the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen known and is also an immunosuppressant. Occurrence of aflatoxins in crops has vast economic and human health impacts worldwide. Thus, the study of aflatoxin biosynthesis has become a focal point in attempts to reduce human exposure to aflatoxins. This review highlights recent advances in the field of aflatoxin biosynthesis and explores the functional connection between aflatoxin biosynthesis, endomembrane trafficking, and response to oxidative stress. Dissection of the regulatory mechanisms involves a complete comprehension of the aflatoxin biosynthetic process and the dynamic network of transcription factors that orchestrates coordinated expression of the target genes. Despite advancements in the field, development of a safe and effective multifaceted approach to solve the aflatoxin food contamination problem is still required.
Fast particle-driven ion cyclotron emission (ICE) in tokamak plasmas and the case for an ICE diagnostic in ITER

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Fast particle-driven waves in the ion cyclotron frequency range (ion\ncyclotron emission or ICE) have provided a valuable diagnostic of confined and\nescaping fast ions in many tokamaks. This is a passive, non-invasive diagnostic\nthat would be compatible with the high radiation environment of\ndeuterium-tritium plasmas in ITER, and could provide important information on\nfusion {\\alpha}-particles and beam ions in that device. In JET, ICE from\nconfined fusion products scaled linearly with fusion reaction rate over six\norders of magnitude and provided evidence that {\\alpha}-particle confinement\nwas close to classical. In TFTR, ICE was observed from super-Alfv\\'enic\n{\\alpha}-particles in the plasma edge. The intensity of beam-driven ICE in\nDIII-D is more strongly correlated with drops in neutron rate during fishbone\nexcitation than signals from more direct beam ion loss diagnostics. In ASDEX\nUpgrade ICE is produced by both super-Alfv\\'enic DD fusion products and\nsub-Alfv\\'enic deuterium beam ions.\n
Practical Applications of In-Office Fiberoptic Transnasal Esophagoscopy in the Initial Evaluation of Patients with Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We conducted a study to analyze the effectiveness of trans-nasal esophagoscopy (TNE) as an alternative to operative endoscopy (OE) for the evaluation of primary head and neck cancers and for the surveillance of synchronous esophageal cancers. Our study population was made up of 96 consecutively presenting patients—75 men and 21 women, aged 45 to 88 years (mean: 64)—who were treated at our institution for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Of this group, 42 patients had been evaluated with TNE and 54 with OE. More OEs were performed inpatients with an unknown primary (26 vs. 3). Incidental findings on TNE included 3 cases of gastritis, 2 cases each of hiatal hernia and esophagitis, 1 case of Barrett esophagus, and 1 inlet patch. No incidental findings were reported during OE. Primary cancers were biopsied by TNE through a port on the endoscope in 4 patients; 2 of these cancers were in the tongue base, 1 in the hypopharynx, and 1 in the aryepiglottic fold. After the initial visit, patients in the TNE group waited significantly fewer days for their endoscopy than did those in the OE group (median: 6.5 vs. 16; p < 0.05). Conversely, patients in the OE group waited significantly fewer days for treatment following endoscopy (median: 12 vs. 20; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the TNE patients and the OE patients in the total number of days comprising the their entire course of management, from the initial visit to definite treatment (median: 27.5 and 33 days, respectively; p = 0.7). We conclude that TNE is a reasonable alternative to OE for the initial screening for synchronous esophageal cancers inpatients with squamous cancers of the head and neck. OE is preferred for the initial workup of unknown primary cancers and for large tongue base cancers. The rate of detection of clinically relevant incidental findings is higher with TNE. Biopsy is possible during TNE for all subsites within the upper aerodigestive tract.
Vision-Based Sensing for Electrically-Driven Soft Actuators

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Developing reliable control strategies in soft robotics requires advances in soft robot perception. However, current soft robotic sensors pose many performance limitations, and available materials and manufacturing techniques complicate soft sensorized robot design. To address these long-standing needs, we introduce a method for using vision to sensorize robust, electrically-driven soft robotic actuators constructed from a new class of architected materials. Specifically, we use cameras positioned within the hollow interiors of handed shearing auxetic (HSA) actuators to record deformation during motion. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) that maps the visual feedback to the actuator's tip pose. Our model provides predictions with sub-millimeter accuracy from only six minutes of training data, while remaining lightweight with an inference time of 18 milliseconds per frame. We also develop a model that additionally predicts the horizontal tip force acting on the actuator and generalizes to previously unseen forces. Finally, we demonstrate the viability of our sensorization strategy for contact-rich applications by training a CNN that predicts the tip pose accurately during tactile interactions. Overall, our methods present a reliable vision-based approach for designing sensorized soft robots built from electrically-actuated, architected materials.
Curatorial and conservation aspects of the E. Caballero Bellido diatom collection at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (Spain)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Trabajo presentado en el I Simposio Internacional sobre Preservación y Conservación de Colecciones de Historia Natural, celebrado en Madrid en 1992.-- Barbara Thomas, Fernando Palacios, María del Carmen Martínez López (coord.).
Periodontal health and systemic disorders.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent studies in periodontal medicine suggest a mild to moderate association between human periodontal disease and certain systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, pneumonia, heart disease and preterm birth. The latest evidence, presented at a symposium entitled Periodontal Health and Systemic Disorders, sponsored by the University of Western Ontario School of Dentistry, showed that indeed such an association is likely. New data suggest that this association is not indicated by traditional clinical signs of periodontal disease but rather by a cluster of host immune and inflammatory mediators. The coming era of periodontal medicine based upon molecular criteria will affect the future of periodontal diagnosis, treatment and professional practice.