jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of an intron-split Solanales microRNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a distinct class of short endogenous RNAs with central roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that make them essential for the development and normal physiology of several groups of eukaryotes, including plants. In the last 15 years, hundreds of miRNA species have been identified in plants and great advances have been achieved in the understanding of plant miRNA biogenesis and mode of action. However, many miRNAs, generally those with less conventional features, still remain to be discovered. Likewise, further layers that regulate the pathway from miRNA biogenesis to function and turnover are starting to be revealed. \nIn the present work we have studied the tomato miRNA “top14”, a miRNA with a non-canonical pri-miRNA structure in which an intron is in between miRNA and miRNA*. We have found that this miRNA is conserved within the economically important Solanaceae family and among other members of the Solanales order also agriculturally relevant, like in sweet potato, while its peculiar intron-split pri-miRNA structure is exclusively kept in the more closely related genera Solanum, Capsicum and Nicotiana. In these three genera, two different pri-miRNA variants were detected; one spliced and the other one retaining the intron. After testing the mature miRNA production from the wild type tomato MIRtop14, from a version without intron and from another version without splicing capability, it was found that the intron influenced the accumulation of mature miRNA. Finally, a mRNA cleaved by this miRNA was identified; the mRNA coding for LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT (LPR), a protein which in Arabidopsis is involved in the arrest of root growth under phosphate starvation conditions. Interestingly, although LPR is widely conserved in plants, included in all the ones harbouring miRNAtop14, LPR cleavage was found to occur only in the three genera where the intron-split pri-miRNA structure is conserved. \nThe current study indicates that MIRs encoded by less canonical loci should be included in future miRNA searches, since they may be producing mature miRNAs with a function, as seen in this investigation. Furthermore, our results suggest that this miRNA may be regulated through intron retention. In case of being confirmed, it would add to the few recently reported examples of post-transcriptional regulation of a miRNA and should encourage the research of less known layers of miRNA regulation. Finally, the study of this miRNA sheds light to the crosstalk between miRNA biogenesis and splicing and, in a broader context, to the complex interactions between the different RNA regulatory networks operating in plants.
THE USE OF DEMONSTRATION TECHNIQUE IN IMPROVING LEARNERS’ SPEAKING ABILITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop learners’ speaking skill at tenth grade of SMK Budi Bakti Utama through Demonstration Technique in procedure text. This research is a Classroom Action Research based on Kurt Lewin’ design. This CAR done in two cycle. Every cycle consist of four phases (planning, acting, observing and reflecting). The data were gathered through qualitative and quantitative, namely interview, observation, pretest, posttest and questionnaire. The researcher found that demonstration Technique in teaching procedural text was succes to increase the learners’ speaking ability. It is concluded from the learners score. Where, before implementing CAR the mean score was 53.48 and only 6 learners from 33 learners passed the KKM. Then, after implementing CAR the mean score was better became 75.21 and there are 27 learners passed the KKM.
Implementation of a Comprehensive On-Line Closed-Loop Diagnostic System for Roll-to-Roll Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Production: Final Subcontract Report, 23 April 2003 - 30 September 2006

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report summarizes Energy Conversion Devices' diagnostic systems that were developed in this program, as well as ECD's other major accomplishments. This report concentrates on work carried out in the final (third) phase of this program, beginning in the fall of 2004 and ending in the fall of 2006. ECD has developed a comprehensive in-situ diagnostic system that: Reduces the time between deposition in the a-Si machine and device characterization from about 200 h to about 1 h; The Photovoltaic Capacitive Diagnostic systems measure the open-circuit voltage and charging rate (a measure of the short-circuit current) and intra-cell series resistance for each cell in the triple-junction device prior to deposition of the top conductive-oxide coating in a subsequent deposition machine. These systems operate with an rms precision of about 0.03% and have operated for almost 4 years with no need for servicing of the electronics or for calibration; Spectrometers are used to measure the ZnO thickness of the backreflector, a Si thickness, and top conductive-oxide, coatings.
Growth and Preservation Parameters for Preparation of a Mixed Species Culture Concentrate for Cheese Manufacture1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The production of a frozen concentrated cheese starter by batch culture fermentation of a mixed species cheese starter culture consisting of Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus diacetilactis was investigated. A response surface analysis to optimize growth conditions was made using 20% NaOH or 20% NH4OH as neutralizers and pH and temperature as variables. The yield of cell mass was about two-fold higher using NH4OH as the neutralizer. The optimal growth conditions for the latter were pH 6.1 to 6.5 and 24 to 27 C. Optimal balance of species of one S. diacetilactis per six S. cremoris cells was observed from a growth pH of 6.1 to 6.4 and temperatures of 23 to 26 C using NH4OH. A pH of 6.2 to 6.5 and temperature of 25 to 27 C yielded cells of highest acid-producing ability when NH4OH was the neutralizer. Cultures grown at 25 C using NH4OH were also more resistant to freezing than NaOH neutralized cultures. Glycerol was the only cryoprotective agent examined which protected the culture during freezing and frozen storage. Lactose and malic acid appeared to have a destructive effect on the starter concentrate during frozen storage. Conditions of growth and type of cryoprotective agent affected each species individually. Gouda cheese prepared from a frozen concentrate was equivalent in quality to that prepared from a conventional bulk starter culture.
DNA homology studies in Streptomyces using S1 nuclease.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The optimal reaction conditions for the determination of DNA-homology in Streptomyces species were established in the presence of formamide using S1 nuclease. The melting temperature of Streptomyces DNA was 90 degrees C in 0.42 M NaCl containing 20% formamide in which the denaturation was completed by boiling for 5 minutes. In the S1 reaction mixture consisting of 5 U of S1 nuclease, 0.168 M NaCl, 1 mM ZnSO4 and 8% formamide at pH 4.8, single-stranded DNA was hydrolyzed by more than 98%, while the hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA was less than 3%. From the analysis of homoduplex formation, the C0t1/2 was found at 20 hours, when a mixture of unlabeled DNA and index DNA was used at a ratio of 500:1.
Innovative Approaches for Web Data Processing in the Digital Age

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing volume and importance of web data in the modern digital era present both opportunities and challenges for businesses and organizations. Web data is characterized by its vastness, diversity, and dynamic nature, as well as its tendency for rapid growth, necessitating complex approaches to its processing and management. This article examines the primary stages of web data processing—ranging from collection, preparation, and transformation to storage, analysis, and presentation. Key challenges are discussed, including issues related to data quality and structure, difficulties in processing workflows, and concerns regarding data governance. Against this backdrop, the article presents popular solutions leveraging modern technologies and strategies for scalable integration and efficient data analysis. The conclusion highlights the importance for businesses and organizations to invest in developing and implementing innovative solutions for web data processing, which are critical for extracting valuable insights and maintaining competitiveness in the contemporary digital age.
[Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage--clinical study of 16 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three hundred and eighty three cases with head injury were admitted to our hospital during period from March 1985 to October 1986. Among these cases, 16 (4.2%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage as revealed on computerized tomography (CT) scan; other CT findings included epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and/or cerebral contusion. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was most frequently found in the ambient and/or sylvian fissure. This suggests that head blow tended to product shear strain at the brainstem and in the direction from temporal tip to frontal base. Furthermore tentorial edge and sphenoid ridge may have played an important role in producing subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the 6 cases with the hemorrhage localized in the unilateral cisterns, 5 cases had the hemorrhage in the cisterns opposite to the blow site. This suggests that shear strain was produced more strongly at the opposite side to the blow site. The cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the prepontine and/or interpeduncular cistern had severe brainstem damage and their prognosis was very poor, while those with the hemorrhage localized in the ambient cistern, quadrigeminal cistern and/or sylvian fissure without other findings had good prognosis.
Simulation of stress in advanced silicided device structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this project, a study of the process-induced stress associated with the silicidation of the poly-Si gate was done. The TSUPREM-4 software was used to simulate the growth of both the Ti- and Co-silicided 0.1 8um gate structures. The stress readings at the top corner of the poly-Si gate and in the silicon region under the edge of the nitride spacer, which were obtained from the simulations, were examined. The stress profiles show that the stress concentrations at these regions are highly compressive. The stress profiles also show a decrease in the magnitudes of the stress contours as the point of interest moves away from the top corner of the poly-Si gate or from the silicon region under the edge of the nitride spacer, and further into the bulk of the poly-Si/Si-substrate. The stress findings show that the stress induced by the silicide layers increase with the thickness of both the Ti or Co layer deposited. It can also be inferred from the stress profiles that the longer the annealing time, the larger will be the magnitude of the stress induced by the silicide layer.
Microwave Devices and Circuits for Advanced Wireless Communication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The chapter commences with a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental ideas behind metasurfaces, as well as their use in the realm of antenna design. Moreover, this chapter delves into the physics underlying metasurfaces, elucidating their ability to alter electromagnetic waves by modifying the impedance of the medium. This chapter examines different categories of metasurfaces, including frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, and their distinct roles in antenna design. The chapter covers the underlying working principles of metasurface antennas, emphasizing their unique ability to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. It explores the significance of unit cell design, phase gradient control, and impedance matching in the design process. A critical aspect of metasurface antennas is their multi-frequency operation, and this chapter discusses techniques for achieving versatile and broadband performance. The primary focus of this chapter is the design and analysis of antennas based on metasurfaces for GHz frequency applications. This chapter explores the most important aspects of antenna design, including radiation pattern control, impedance matching with bandwidth improvement, and gain enhancement. This chapter also demonstrates, through exhaustive case studies and numerical simulations, how metasurface antennas outperform conventional designs in terms of size reduction, beamforming capabilities, and enhanced gain. The potential impact of metasurface antennas on modern technologies like 5G communication and the Internet of Things (IoT) are also covered.
Contagion of fear: Investigating the psychology and effects of mass hysteria

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Mass hysteria, or mass psychogenic illness (MPI), refers to the rapid spread of symptoms or behaviors within a group without an identifiable physical cause, often triggered by psychological and social factors. This case report details an outbreak of MPI, commonly known as mass hysteria, at a girls’ boarding school in central Odisha. The incident was triggered by a 12-year-old student, Miss A, who exhibited physical symptoms such as fainting, shaking, and abdominal pain. These symptoms quickly spread to almost 100 other students. Medical evaluations found no physical cause, confirming the psychogenic origin of the outbreak. Cultural beliefs in malevolent spirits and social contagion were key factors in the spread, especially among the young, impressionable students. This case highlights the psychological and social mechanisms behind MPI outbreaks and emphasizes the importance of addressing mental health and cultural beliefs when managing such incidents.
BRAIN-IoT: Model-Based Framework for Dependable Sensing and Actuation in Intelligent Decentralized IoT Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modern applications in the Smart Building and Industry 4.0 scenarios will be complex software ecosystems with strict requirements of geographic distribution, heterogeneity, dynamic evolution, security and privacy protection, highly more challenging than the ones required by the current environments. Two of the main challenges arising in the current Internet Of Things scenarios, i.e., the Smart Building one, are, on one side, the requirement of interconnecting several heterogeneous platforms and smart Things in the same environment and, on the other side, the need to be able to evolve the complex software ecosystem deployed, reacting automatically and at runtime to environmental changes, without the human intervention. To address these challenges, BRAIN-IoT establishes a framework and methodology supporting smart cooperative behaviour in fully de-centralized, composable and dynamic federations of heterogeneous Internet of Things platforms. In this way, BRAIN-IoT enables smart autonomous behaviour in Internet of Things scenarios, involving heterogeneous sensors and actuators autonomously cooperating to execute complex, dynamic tasks. Furthermore, BRAIN-IoT enables dynamically deploying and orchestrating distributed applications, allowing the automatic installation and replacement of smart behaviours reacting to environmental changes and User events. Finally, BRAIN-IoT provides a set of components that guarantee the security and privacy protection of the data exchanged using the solution. BRAIN-IoT is a general purpose solution that aims at being adaptable for heterogeneous scenarios, from Service Robotics to Critical Infrastructure Management. This paper introduces a Smart Building use case of the solution, which allows highlighting the advantages given by BRAIN-IoT in such scenario.
Functional and radiological outcome of valgus osteotomy (abduction osteotomy of Pauwel) and fixation with dynamic hip screw in neglected fracture neck of femur

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Despite improvements in the techniques of surgery and internal fixation devices, non-union is still reported in one-third of cases of femoral neck fracture with displacement. Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy alters the biomechanical environment of the fracture site and restores limb length.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study on functional outcome of valgus osteotomy and fixation with dynamic hip screw (DHS) in neglected fracture neck of femur in Balaji Institute of Surgery, Research and Rehabilitation for the Disabled (BIRRD), Tirupati. 28 patients were enrolled between December 2017 to December 2019. Patients less than 60 years of age with fracture neck of femur of more than or equal to 3 weeks since injury and with failed primary fixation were included. Patients &gt;60 years of age, patients with avascular necrosis (AVN), and with resorption of femoral neck were excluded.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 28 patients 12 had union within 6 months and another 12 within 12 months. 4 patients were lost for follow-up hence considered as non-union. Osteotomy site united by 6 months in 22 patients and by 12 months in 2. Harris hip score was fair to excellent in 24 patients and poor in 4.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Valgus osteotomy and DHS fixation is often a definitive one-time surgical procedure to achieve union in neglected and ununited fracture neck femur in young patients. It is simple and biological. In this study because of the delay in presentation and the young age of patients, Pauwels’ osteotomy was performed as the head-salvaging procedure. Union was achieved in 86% of this study patients.</p>
Analysis of kinetic models for chalcopyrite flotation: effect of operating parameters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research, the influence of pH, particle size, the type of collector and frother and their concentration was studied on the flotation kinetic parameters, rate constant and ultimate recovery. In this regard, three different kinetic flotation models such as Classical model, Klimpel model, and fully mixed reactor model were applied to evaluate the batch flotation results. The results showed that the fully mixed reactor model gave the best fit to the experimental data. In the second stage, variation of flotation rate constants and ultimate recoveries are investigated with respect to particle size and chemical conditions. It was found that the rate constant (k) and ultimate recovery (R∞) were strongly dependent on pH and types of collector and their frother and dosages. It was also observed that best values of R∞, K, separation efficiency, and selectivity index are obtained in the presence of a mixture of isopropyl-n-ethyl thionocarbamate (C4132) and Flomin C7240 (a mixture of 10–20 wt% sodium alkyl dithiophosphate and 20–30 wt% sodium mercaptobenzothiozole) as the collector and a mixture of polypropylene glycol (A65) and methyl isobutyl carbinol as the frother and dosages of 40 g/ton for both reagents, respectively.
OPTIMAL HARVESTING OF FOREST AGE CLASSES UNDER PRICE UNCERTAINTY AND RISK AVERSION

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT. . We analyze optimal forest harvesting under mean reverting and random walk timber price and include multiple age classes, forest owners' consumption-savings decisions and risk aversion. This framework generalizes existing studies that assume a single stand and risk neutrality or include ad hoc risk aversion and obtain the result that uncertainty lengthens the optimal rotation. Including planting cost implies that price stochasticity may shorten the rotation period. Under the mean reverting price process, optimal harvesting becomes more sensitive to periodic price level, as compared to the random walk case. Including risk aversion completely changes the harvesting policy in the sense that, if the forest initially consists of just one age class, it is optimal to smooth the age class structure and have more frequent cuttings from younger age classes. With risk aversion, optimal cuttings depend on price level, even under a random walk price and zero replanting and harvesting costs. In addition, harvesting decisions become dependent on subjective time preference and forest owners' wealth.
Main nursing diagnoses and interventions for Hellp Syndrome

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction: HELLP Syndrome is one of the most severe forms of preeclampsia, worsening the maternal prognosis. Generally it affects multiparous women, with more advanced age, and the difficult diagnosis to be accomplished, it is important that these pregnancies be identified early by the health professionals for an adequate assistance, in order to avoid deaths and complications. Objective: to identify the main nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions for HELLP syndrome carriers. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective data analysis study. In conducting this method, four steps were followed: identification of the problem, literature search of primary studies, identification of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions. To proceed with the search, we used descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS): Nursing Diagnosis, HELLP Syndrome, Obstetrics and in the Portuguese language. Results: 11 nursing diagnoses specific to the Hellp Syndrome were described, diagnosed by the book: North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), edition 2021-2023 and 55 nursing interventions related by the book: Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Conclusion: HELLP Syndrome is a serious complication of pregnancy, and it can be one of the aggravations of preeclampsia, presenting a great maternal and perinatal mortality, with difficult diagnosis. The nursing diagnoses and interventions for this disease provide nurses with effective decision making in their assistance to women with this obstetric emergency
Immunostimulating Complex (ISCOM)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The primary objective of this “Glossary of Terms Used in Immunotoxicology” is to give clear definitions for those who contribute to studies relevant to immunotoxicology but are not themselves immunologists. This applies especially to chemists who need to understand the literature of immunology without recourse to a multiplicity of other glossaries or dictionaries. The glossary includes terms related to basic and clinical immunology insofar as they are necessary for a self-contained document, and particularly terms related to diagnosing, measuring, and understanding effects of substances on the immune system. The glossary consists of about 1200 terms as primary alphabetical entries, and Annexes of common abbreviations, examples of chemicals with known effects on the immune system, autoantibodies in autoimmune disease, and therapeutic agents used in autoimmune disease and cancer. The authors hope that among the groups who will find this glossary helpful, in addition to chemists, are toxicologists, pharmacologists, medical practitioners, risk assessors, and regulatory authorities. In particular, it should facilitate the worldwide use of chemistry in relation to occupational and environmental risk assessment.