jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ovulation induction with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or gonadotropins in a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea and diabetes insipidus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypothalamic amenorrhea is a treatable cause of infertility. Our patient was presented with secondary amenorrhea and diabetes insipidus. Cortisol and prolactin responded normally to a combined insulin tolerance test (ITT) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) challenge ,while thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to TRH was diminished ,and no response of growth hormone to ITT was detected. Both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increased following gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge. No response of LH to clomiphene citrate challenge was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging findings demonstrated a midline mass occupying the inferior hypothalamus ,with posterior lobe not visible and thickened pituitary stalk. Ovulation induction was carried out first with combined human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG/LH/FSH) (150 IU/day) and afterwards with pulsatile GnRH (150 ng/kg/pulse). Ovulation was achieved with both pulsatile GnRH and combine gonadotropin therapy. Slightly better results were achieved with the pulsatile GnRH treatment.
Secondary Metabolites with Herbicidal and Antifungal Activities from Marine-Derived Fungus Alternaria iridiaustralis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Weed and soil-borne pathogens could synergistically affect vegetable growth and result in serious losses. Investigation of agricultural bioactive metabolites from marine-derived fungus Alternaria iridiaustralis yielded polyketides (1–4), benzopyrones (5–7), meroterpenoid derivatives (8), and alkaloid (9). The structures and absolute configurations of new 1, 3, 5–6, and 8 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparisons between measured and calculated ECD and 13C NMR data. Compounds 1–4, 6, and 9 showed herbicidal potentials against the radicle growth of Echinochloa crusgalli seedlings. Especially 9 exhibited inhibition rates over 90% at concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/mL, even better than the commonly used chemical herbicide acetochlor. Furthermore, 9 also performed a wide herbicidal spectrum against the malignant weeds Digitaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, and Descurainia sophia. Compounds 5–8 showed antifungal activities against carbendazim-resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 32 to 128 μg/mL, which were better than those of carbendazim (MIC = 256 μg/mL). Especially 6 exhibited integrated effects against both soil-borne pathogens and weed. Overall, marine-derived fungus A. iridiaustralis, which produces herbicidal and antifungal metabolites 1–9, showed the potential for use as a microbial pesticide to control both weed and soil-borne pathogens.
The effect of physical contact on changes in fatigue markers following rugby union field‐based training

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Repeated physical contact in rugby union is thought to contribute to post‐match fatigue; however, no evidence exists on the effect of contact activity during field‐based training on fatigue responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of contact during training on fatigue markers in rugby union players. Twenty academy rugby union players participated in the cross‐over study. The magnitude of change in upper‐ and lower‐body neuromuscular function (NMF), whole blood creatine kinase concentration [CK] and perception of well‐being was assessed pre‐training (baseline), immediately and 24 h post‐training following contact and non‐contact, field‐based training. Training load was measured using mean heart rate, session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and microtechnology (Catapult Optimeye S5). The inclusion of contact during field‐based training almost certainly increased mean heart rate (9.7; ±3.9%) and sRPE (42; ±29.2%) and resulted in likely and very likely greater decreases in upper‐body NMF (−7.3; ±4.7% versus 2.7; ±5.9%) and perception of well‐being (−8.0; ±4.8% versus −3.4; ±2.2%) 24 h post‐training, respectively, and almost certainly greater elevations in [CK] (88.2; ±40.7% versus 3.7; ±8%). The exclusion of contact from field‐based training almost certainly increased running intensity (19.8; ±5%) and distance (27.5; ±5.3%), resulting in possibly greater decreases in lower‐body NMF (−5.6; ±5.2% versus 2.3; ±2.4%). Practitioners should be aware of the different demands and fatigue responses of contact and non‐contact, field‐based training and can use this information to appropriately schedule such training in the weekly microcycle.
[Successful resection of a pseudoaneurysm and reconstruction of the left ventricle following myocardial infarction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 56-year-old male experienced an anterolateral myocardial infarction and was readmitted to our department at the age of 57 for treatment of his effortive back pain. A chest X-ray disclosed that his cardiac silhouette was slightly enlarged and he was diagnosed by angiography as having a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle. He underwent surgery using ventricular fibrillation. We resected his pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle, and then we reconstructed his left ventricle with double EPTFE (Gore-Tex patch) supported by his own pericardium. He has received a normal post-operative course and is making satisfactory progress. We believe that left ventricular reconstruction could be recommended for treatment of some left ventricular aneurysm.
Illnesses and Diseases: Article or Not? That's Question!

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper analyses the use of articles with the names of illnesses, diseases and disorders in the English language. The paper is divided into three parts. The first one summarizes rules about the articles and illnesses in prescriptive grammar books. The second one contains a table which aims to present the list of illnesses, diseases and disorders with corresponding articles. The final one focuses on the results of the research which was based on the comparison of the theoretical background and the actual use of articles with the names of illnesses, diseases and disorders in The Family Medical Reference Book.
Benign papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of benign mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis in a 69-year-old man who presented with a 4-month history of scrotal swelling. A polypoid pedunculated nodule, 1.5 cm in diameter, was found near the head of the right epididymis. Histologically, the tumor exhibited features characteristic of a well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma. The mesothelial origin of this tumor was further supported by immunohistochemical analysis. The tumor cells exhibited nuclear p53 protein accumulation, despite the benign histologic findings and a 3-year uneventful follow-up after resection. A polymerase chain reaction analysis for simian virus 40 DNA was negative. The papillary configuration seen in this tumor is uncommon for this site, inasmuch as benign mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis testis usually exhibit an adenomatous pattern. One should be aware of this pattern, and benignity should be mentioned in the pathologic report to prevent overtreatment. In addition, positive p53 immunohistochemical staining should not be taken automatically as evidence for malignancy in this type of lesion.
Biofilm deficiency in polysaccharide intercellular adhesin-negative variants of Staphylococcus epidermidis selected by subminimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a cause of orthopedic device-related infection, and to treat such infection, biofilms should be controlled. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) is associated with the biofilm-forming ability of staphylococcal strains. PIA in biofilm-positive staphylococcal strains can be detected by the Congo red agar (CRA) method. In this study, we used the CRA method to examine the effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of 11 antibacterial agents on PIA production by S. epidermidis. We found that the PIA-negative variants were selected only by sub-MICs of gentamicin (GM). This PIA-negative phenotype was maintained over several generations in the absence of GM. Such selection occurred in six of eight clinical isolates, as well as in the biofilm-positive control strain. No such selection occurred with aminoglycoside antibiotics except for GM. Most of the PIA-negative variants that were selected by GM showed a markedly lower biofilm-forming ability on stainless steel washers than their untreated parent strains. In conclusion, variants with lower biofilm-forming ability may be selected by a sub-MIC of GM. Investigation of the reason why variants with reduced biofilm-forming ability can be selected in the presence of sub-MICs of GM may contribute to strategies against biofilm-related infections.
Динамика квадратичных стохастических операторов типа Вольтерра, соответствующих странным турнирам

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By studying the dynamics of these operators on the simplex, focusing on the presence of an interior fixed point, we investigate the conditions under which the operators exhibit nonergodic behavior. Through rigorous analysis and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that certain parameter regimes lead to nonergodicity, characterized by the convergence of initial distributions to a limited subset of the simplex. Our findings shed light on the intricate dynamics of quadratic stochastic operators with interior fixed points and provide insights into the emergence of nonergodic behavior in complex dynamical systems. Also, the nonergodicity of quadratic stochastic operators of Volterra type with an interior fixed point defined in a simplex introduces additional complexity to the already intricate dynamics of such systems. In this context, the presence of an interior fixed point within the simplex further complicates the exploration of the state space and convergence properties of the operator. In this paper, we give sufficiency and necessary conditions for the existence of strange tournaments. Also, we prove the nonergodicity of quadratic stochastic operators of Volterra type with an interior fixed point, defined in a simplex.
Lévy scaling in random walks with fluctuating variance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Truncated Levy flights with correlated fluctuations of the variance (heteroskedasticity) are considered. A stylized model is introduced, in which the variance fluctuates between two possible values following a Markov chain process. Analogously to conventional truncated Levy flights with fixed variance, the central part of the probability distribution function of the increments at short time scales is found to be close to a Levy distribution. What makes these processes interesting is the fact that the crossover to the Gaussian regime may occur for times considerably larger than for uncorrelated (or no) variance fluctuations. Processes of this type may find direct application in the modeling of some economic time series, in which Levy scaling and heteroskedasticity are known to coexist.
A chemsex crucible: the context and the controversy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The public health response to chemsex, when understood objectively, is actually a simple model of multidisciplinary interventions. Just as opiate addiction requires behavioural therapies, medicine, community engagement, and an understanding of the motivations for use, chemsex requires – well, exactly the same. Many excellent models of chemsex support already exist internationally.1–3

Unfortunately, however, you can't remove the sex from chemsex; and where there is sex, there are moral and religious judgments and stigmas. Make that gay sex, include HIV, and chemsex becomes something that can require some untangling before an effective public health response can be mounted.

The untangling must, therefore, begin with a definition. Chemsex is a word invented on geo-sexual networking apps by gay men (and adopted by the gay men's health sector) that defines a syndemic of specific behaviours associated with specific recreational drugs, and is particular to a specific, high-risk population.

Though the media spotlight may have distorted the term to define the use of any drugs in sexual contexts by any population,4 chemsex actually refers to the use of any combination of drugs that includes crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone and/or gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB)/gammabutyrolactone (GBL), used before or during sex by men who have sex with men (MSM). These …
Optical coherence tomography for transseptal puncture procedure guidance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transseptal puncture (TSP) is commonly conducted under the guidance of fluoroscopy and/or intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) at the fossa ovalis (FO) to gain percutaneous access to the left atrium for intracardiac procedures. Issues with traditional TSP include: additional vascular access through a sheath, and fluoroscopy exposes patients to ionizing radiation. TSP, if not done appropriately can result in serious complications. We studied the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance of TSP with ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Results show that OCT can provide detailed structure information to identify FO allowing for safe TSP.
Study on Batch Fermentation Kinetics of L-Lysine by C. glutamicum immobilized on complex carriers of Alginate and Bacterial Cellulose and investigate its reused ability for further fermentative cycle

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

L-Lysine fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum obtained productivity improvements from D-glucose. Immobile Corynebacterium glutamicum on carrier brings many significant advantages for lysine production such as high reused ability, saving seed preparation stage and high adaptation ability of immobile cells to the fermentation environment. Simultaneously, immobile cells have a long phase for lysine excretion. L-Lysine fermentation kinetics by immobile cells is studied in the basic way to solve problems related to cell physiology. Thereby, optimization techniques are carried out more easily to determine the most suitable nutrient medium as well as fermentation conditions and result in obtaining highest yield L-Lysine. L-lysine concentration was improved to the level of 28.767
Flexibility in Basal Metabolic Rate and Evaporative Water Loss Among Hoopoe Larks Exposed to Different Environmental Temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The ‘energy demand’ hypothesis for short-term adjustments in basal metabolic rate (BMR) posits that birds adjust the size of their internal organs relative to food intake, a correlate of energy demand. We tested this hypothesis on hoopoe larks (Alaemon alaudipes), inhabitants of the Arabian desert, by acclimating birds for 3 weeks at 15 °C and at 36 °C, then measuring their BMR and total evaporative water loss (TEWL). Thereafter, we determined the dry masses of their brain, heart, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine and muscles of the pectoral region. Although mean body mass did not differ initially between the two groups, after 3 weeks, birds in the 15 °C group had gained mass (44.1±6.5 g), whereas larks in the 36 °C group had maintained a constant mass (36.6±3.6 g; means ± S.D., N=6). Birds in the 15 °C group had a mean BMR of 46.8±6.9 kJ day−1, whereas birds in the 36 °C group had a BMR of 32.9±6.3 kJ day−1, values that were significantly different when we controlled for differences in body mass. When measured at 35 °C, larks in the cold-exposure group had a TEWL of 3.55±0.60 g H2O day−1, whereas TEWL for birds in the 36 °C group averaged 2.23±0.28 g H2O day−1, a difference of 59.2 %. Mass-independent TEWL differed significantly between groups. Larks in the 15 °C group had a significantly larger liver, kidney and intestine than larks in the 36 °C group. The total increase in organ mass contributed 14.3 % towards the total mass increment in the cold exposure group. Increased food intake among larks in the cold group apparently resulted in enlargement of some of the internal organs, and the increase in mass of these organs required a higher rate of oxygen uptake to support them. As oxygen demands increased, larks apparently lost more evaporative water, but the relationship between increases in BMR and TEWL remains unresolved.
Quantifying the Benefits of Conservation Auctions Quantifier les avantages des enchères pour sélectionner les participants à des programmes de conservation Quantitative Bestimmung des Nutzens von Versteigerungen für Umweltschutzmaßnahmen

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

summary Quantifying the Benefits of Conservation Auctions Most EU conservation schemes offer a single, fixed payment for compliance with a predetermined set of management prescriptions. Alternatively, the conservation tasks could be put up for tender: landholders are invited to bid competitively for a limited number of conservation contracts. Theory suggests that bidding reduces over‐compensation and increases the cost‐effectiveness of conservation contracting. There is, to date, little evidence about the cost‐effectiveness gains of such conservation auctions vis‐à‐vis the more traditional fixed‐payment schemes, and what evidence does exist appears inconclusive. Building on available theory, this work uses controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the budgetary and the economic performance of conservation auctions. The experiments were carried out in two countries to check for robustness of results. We find that conservation auctions outperform the more traditional fixed‐price schemes in the one‐shot setting: one unit of environmental benefit paid at a fixed rate would have cost 10 to 60 per cent more than the auction, depending on the fixed‐rate benchmark chosen. With identical repetition, however, the auction quickly loses its edge, making it possible for the auction to be outperformed by an equivalent fixed‐rate programme. Our results suggest that previous estimates of conservation auction performance have been far too optimistic.
Distinction of COVID-19 and Analysis on Symptoms and Hospitalization Time

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to use the machine learning model to distinguish more precisely whether the patients get COVID-19 or not and analyze symptoms and hospitalization time of the patients.We use CNN to test the hypothesis: we can find from their X-rays that whether the patients get COVID-19.The result showed a 95 percent accuracy indicates that it can be found who are infected with COVID-19 from the model easily.It suggests that X-ray is an important and accurate indicator to find COVID-19 since respectively, X-rays results from patients with COVID-19 and normal people differ significantly.In addition, after the analysis of symptoms and time of staying in hospital, we found that patients were not likely to had no symptoms or experiencing and who had one of the symptoms accounted for the largest group of patients.The symptoms or experiencing they behaved had exact combinations rather than randomly combined, like someone may have fever, tiredness and dry-cough at the same time but he cannot have fever, dry-cough and difficulty-in-breathing simultaneously.What is more, the result also showed that the elder the patients, the longer they stayed in hospitals.The CNN model used in this study has higher accuracy.In addition, the result can help the hospitals effectively avoid the over concentration of medical resources and allocate them reasonably.
Light and Electron Microscope Studies on the Nasopharynx and Nasopharyngeal Tonsil of the Horse

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Light and electron microscope studies were conducted on the nasopharynx and the nasopharyngeal tonsil of 15 young horses. The nasopharynx and nasopharyngeal tonsil was lined with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium and goblet cells. The lymphoepithelium of the nasopharyngeal tonsil was folded forming crypts, the mucosa of which was modified into follicle associated epithelium characterized by stratified cuboidal epithelium, loss of cilia, absence of goblet cells and infiltration of lymphocytes. The lamina propria mucosae of the nasopharyngeal tonsil contained well‐developed lymphoid tissue and clusters of seromucus acini. Scanning electron‐microscopy revealed a dense mat of cilia covering the nasopharynx and nasopharyngeal tonsil. The follicle‐associated epithelium consisted of different populations of microvillus cells in addition to M cells with very short microvilli and a few squamous and intermediate cells. Microvillus cells in the deeper part of the FAE had larger microvilli and their cytoplasm contained a dense population of mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and lysosomes. The flat surfaced M cell had a more electron‐dense cytoplasm and contained small supranuclear vacuoles in addition to the organelles seen in microvillus cells.
Application of infrared thermography in natural convection study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The main goal of the study is to test the applicability of Infrared Thermography for verification of Thermal Boundary Conditions at external non-isothermal walls bounding the flow domain.Experimental and numerical studies have been made for transient and steady natural convection in a differentially heated cube filled with water.The analysis is carried out for pure convection of water in the vicinity of the freezing region (cold wall temperature T c = 0 o C), and for convection of water accompanied by freezing (T c  -10 o C).The opposite hot wall temperature is fixed at +10 o C.
Implementation of Special Curricular Programs in Science for Elementary in the Schools Division of Antique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This sequential-explanatory qualitative study examined the Antique Schools Division SCPS implementation for a development strategy. SCPS was used by 70 English, Science, and Math instructors from 10 public primary schools. The SCPS teachers' profile form, questionnaire–checklist on implementation evaluated by teacher-respondents, and survey checklist on compliance were used. The school's SCPS implementation, best practices, focus groups, and surveys offered qualitative data. Independent Samples T-tests, linear regression, and multinomial logistic regression inferred; frequency, percentage, meaning, and standard deviation described. Study: SCPS-implementing schools meet teacher credentials, curriculum, and educational resource standards. SCPS master's teachers taught SSES. Some taught SCPS for 6 years, attended 6 SCPS trainings, specialised in STEM, and taught maths and science. “Outstanding” teachers ruled the program. SCPS schools were “Very well implemented.” Excellent academic success, with SPCS graduates enrolled in SPSTE secondary schools on average. EESM needs upgrading to provide instructional tools. Innovative teaching, differentiated education, instructional resource utilisation, financial aid and resource allocation, orientation, and effective communication are used in SCPS-implementing schools. SCPS types differ in instructional materials and managerial support but not in objective realisation, learning framework, or stakeholder participation. Subject taught, teaching position, highest education, years teaching SCPS, and training did not predict SCPS implementation across all dimensions. Teacher performance assessments show a learning framework, SCPS-type management assistance, and specialisation instructional resources. The development strategy, “Advancing Science Education,” increased SCPS implementation in Antique based on this study.