jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Macrostomus megatarsus Rafael & Vasconcelos 2024

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Macrostomus megatarsus species-group This group of species is characterized by male and female specimens with dark wings with distinct fenestrate hyaline spots (Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B); veins R 2+3 and R 4+5 curved, converging to each other, leaving cell r 2+3 narrowed subapically; crossvein r-m placed near base of cell dm. Male tergite 8 distally with short bifid projection (Fig. 1C) or rounded (Fig. 3C). Female. Legs with mid femur, hind femur and hind tibia with dorsal and ventral pennate scales (Fig. 4A); tergite 8 (Figs 2C, 4C) slightly concave basally and deeply concave apically. Sternite 8 widened (Fig. 2D, E), laterally with oblique median sinus with a small sclerite or somewhat narrowed at distal half without lateral sinus (Fig. 4D, E). Genital fork (Figs 2D, 4D) Y-shaped, thin with elongated lateral arms. Spermatheca (Figs 2F, 4F) spherical. Key to species of the Macrostomus megatarsus species-group 1 Wing with hyaline spots comparatively smaller (Figs 1B, 2B); cell r 1 without hyaline spot at level of cell dm spot (Figs 1B, 2B). Male fore tarsomere 1 slightly thickened. Tergite 8 with bifid projection distally (Fig. 1C). Posterior cercus elbowed and shortly inward projected (Fig. 1E, G). Hypandrium widened distally (Fig. 1I). Female: sternite 8 widened (Fig. 2D, E), laterally with oblique median sinus with small sclerite; genital fork (Fig. 2D) Y-shaped, with lateral arms longer than basal arm and somewhat inward curved...................................................................... M. megatarsus sp. nov. - Wing with hyaline spots comparatively larger (Figs 3B, 4B); cell r 1 with small hyaline spot at level of cell dm spot (Figs 3B, 4B). Male fore tarsomere 1 not thickened. Tergite 8 rounded distally (Fig. 3C). Posterior cercus thin, upward directed (Fig. 3E, G). Hypandrium thin distally, with a distinct median acute process (Fig. 3H). Female: sternite 8 somewhat narrowed at distal half, without lateral sinus (Fig. 4E, D); genital fork (Fig. 4D) Y-shaped, with lateral arms slightly shorter than basal arm and somewhat straight....................................................................... M. polleti sp. nov.
r‐Process Nucleosynthesis in Magnetohydrodynamic Jet Explosions of Core‐Collapse Supernovae

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate $r$-process nucleosynthesis during the magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) explosion of supernova in a massive star of 13 $M_{\odot}$. Contrary to the case of the spherical explosion, jet-like explosion due to the combined effects of the rotation and magnetic field lowers the electron fraction significantly inside the layers above the iron core. We find that the ejected material of low electron fraction responsible for the $r$-process comes out from the silicon rich layer of the presupernova model. This leads to the production up to the third peak in the solar $r$-process elements. We examine whether the fission affects the $r$-process paths by using the full nuclear reaction network with both the spontaneous and $\beta$-delayed fission included. Moreover, we pay particular attention how the mass formula affects the $r$-process peaks with use of two mass formulae. It is found that both formulae can reproduce the global abundance pattern up to the third peak though detailed distributions are rather different. We point out that there are variations in the $r$-process nucleosynthesis if the MHD effects play an important role in the supernova explosion.
The Libellus about Nullity of Marriage. The Substantive and Procedural Requirements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

All actions, legal relations and resulting from this commitments entail necessity of relevant legal regulations. Similarly, in state law and in canon law there are legal rules that define the principle for the proper preparation of pleadings. Properly written and reasoned letters are essential condition to file a lawsuit. Issue of this article is an approximation and demonstration of the requirements related to nullity of marriage. The source for the analysis of presented issues are provisions of the Code of Canon Law of 1983 (especially can. 1501-1506) and the Instruction Dignitas Connubii (art. 114-125). At the beginning, there are presented issues closely related to the canonical process of nullity of marriage: entities authorised to bring the complaint; judicial competence. Then, there is an examination of the various financial and formal requirements of nullity of marriage. At the end, there is an issue addressed at judicial attempt to reconcile the spouses.
Japanese labour in the 1990s: stability and stagnation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We review the state of the labour market and employment practices in Japan over the past 15 years and try to evaluate the nature of the changes that have been occurring. We also look at how government policy has reacted to the conditions in the labour market and what implications this has for the future. Although there has been a continual shift of resources away from manufacturing and agriculture into services, employment practices have not been changing so rapidly, and job protection is actually stronger. This, along with wage restraint, accounts for why unemployment has only increased by some 2.5 percentage points during almost a decade of stagnation. We also note that much government policy has acted to maintain existing employment practices and that labour economists are divided as to whether or not this is a good thing.
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among laboratory workers of Sindh: A cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among laboratory workers. Methodology: This cross-sectional study design was used from November 2019 to January 2020, among randomly selected laboratory workers. Data was collected using standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) to determine the prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms and pain intensity along with participants demographic data, among laboratory workers. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 20 and summarized by descriptive statics, which were presented using frequency tables and expressed as percentages, mean+SD. Results: In this study we found 38% prevalence of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) among laboratory workers. Moreover, ankles/feet turned out to be the most symptomatic region with prevalence of 0.7% followed by neck and upper back being more common among male 131(87.3%), laboratory technicians 121(81.3%), with mean age of 34.65(11.82%). In our study, most of the participants (63.3%) were having mild pain and 4% had severe pain. Conclusion: In conclusion, high prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain, affecting one or both ankles/feet, neck, and upper back. Most of the study participants reported having mild pain
P1‐261: Identification of An Exonic Splicing Enhancer Variation in Exon 5 of the Alzheimer Disease Associated PICALM Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and cognitive impairment and is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. A growing number of genome wide association studies and subsequent replication studies have been recently published on late onset AD (LOAD), these studies identified several new susceptibility genes including phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) on chromosome 11. The aim of this study was to examine the entire coding sequence of PICALM to determine if the association could be explained by any previously undetected sequence variation. Such variation might explain, in whole or in part, the observed association. Therefore, we sequenced 48 cases and 48 controls homozygote for the risk allele for rs3851179 and of mixed APOE status. In this dataset, we did not find any new polymorphisms. However, rs592297 a known coding SNP that is part of an exonic splice enhancer region in exon 5 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs3851179. This SNP has altered heterozygosity and likely requires further study.
Data from Patient-derived Interstitial Fluids and Predisposition to Aggressive Sporadic Breast Cancer through Collagen Remodeling and Inactivation of p53

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Despite the fact that interstitial fluid (IF) represents a third of our body fluid, it is the most poorly understood body fluid in medicine. Increased IF pressure is thought to result from the increased deposition of extracellular matrix in the affected tissue preventing its reabsorption. In the cancer field, increased rigidity surrounding a cancerous mass remains the main reason that palpation and radiologic examination, such as mammography, are used for cancer detection. While the pressure produced by IF has been considered, the biochemical composition of IF has not been considered in its effect on tumors.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We classified 135 IF samples from bilateral mastectomy patients based on their ability to promote the invasion of breast cancer cells.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We observed a wide range of invasion scores. Patients with high-grade primary tumors at diagnosis had higher IF invasion scores. In mice, injections of high-score IF (IF<sup>High</sup>) in a normal mammary gland promotes ductal hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition, and local invasion. In a mouse model of residual disease, IF<sup>High</sup> increased disease progression and promoted aggressive visceral metastases. Mechanistically, we found that IF<sup>High</sup> induces myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production through activation of CLIC4. IF<sup>High</sup> also downregulates RYBP, leading to degradation of p53. Furthermore, in mammary glands of heterozygous p53-mutant knock-in mice, IF<sup>High</sup> promotes spontaneous tumor formation.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our study indicates that IF can increase the deposition of extracellular matrix and raises the provocative possibility that they play an active role in the predisposition, development, and clinical course of sporadic breast cancers. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5446–59. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Antibacterial and antiviral potential of colloidal Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles suitable for biological applications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Present study explains the detailed synthesis, structural characterization, antibacterial and antiviral studies on Titanium dioxide nano-colloids (TiO2-NCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-colloids were synthesized by a simple sonochemical method. The structural studies were carried out by x-ray Diffraction (XRD), and the size of particle was found to be 8 nm with tetragonal structure. Surface morphological results by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showed spherical nature of (TiO2) nano-colloids with almost uniform morphology. Energy Dispersive x-ray Diffraction (EDX) confirmed the chemical composition and presence of (TiO2) nanoparticles in sample. Dynamic light scattering was used to confirm the colloidal stability and hydrodynamic size of nano-colloids. Antibacterial assays were performed against several gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria. TiO2-NCs showed maximum bacterial inhibition (67.3 ± 2.5%) at 150 μg ml− dose against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against all tested pathogenic strains ranged from 2.24–21.21 μg ml−, indicating efficient therapeutic potential of (TiO2) nano-colloids. Antiviral activity of (TiO2) nano-colloids was also performed against Newcastle virus (NDV) which showed antiviral activity at a minimum dose of 6.25 ug ml−1. Possible mechanism of action include damage to the lipids found in viral envelop. The obtained results suggest potential application of TiO2-NCs in poultry to treat NDV infections after detailed mechanism studies.
Economic analysis of gerbera cultivation under protected cultivation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted on economic analysis of protected cultivation of gerbera revealed that the cost of establishment of Fan and Pad polyhouse was Rs.1423/m2, which was substantially higher compared to Naturally ventilated polyhouse (Rs. 820/m2) thereby resulting in higher cost of cultivation of Rs. 465/m2 in FPPH than Rs. 265/m2 in NVPH. The low cost NVPH gave higher yield of flowers compared to FPPH. The quality of the flowers produced in NVPH was much better than that in FPPH as 89% of the flowers in NVPH was of A grade as against only 62% in FPPH. The NVPH recorded initial net returns of Rs.136/m2, whereas FPPH registered losses to the extent of Rs. 160/m2 mainly due to heavy investment cost without any additional benefits.
Packaging on the Molecular Level

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPackaging on the Molecular LevelLithium in low molecular weight amines gives first chiemical reduction of nonterminal unsaturation; Thioctic acid synthesis achieved on large scale; product found useful for treating chronic liver diseasCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1955, 33, 15, 1525–1528Publication Date (Print):April 11, 1955Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 11 April 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v033n015.p1525Copyright © 1955 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views2Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (499 KB) SUBJECTS:Lattices,Lipids,Urea Get e-Alerts
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) - potential perspectives for immune-intervention in renal disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

the disease substantially reduced proteinuria, prevented effects compared with glucocorticoids, they do not have any increased efficacy.It is in this area where the loss of renal function, significantly reduced histological damage including glomerular crescent forma-anti-MIF treatment could prove to have significant advantages over other anti-inflammatory drugs.MIF tion, and substantially inhibited renal leucocytic infiltration and activation [9].Further examination can overcome glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of cytokine production [5], therefore high levels of MIF showed that anti-MIF mAb treatment prevented the marked up-regulation of IL-1b, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 may be a crucial factor limiting the immunosuppressive effects of even high-dose glucocorticoid treatment.The and iNOS expression seen in the control antibodytreated animals.Anti-MIF mAb treatment suppressed next key step in developing anti-MIF therapy is to determine whether the combination of anti-MIF mAb a skin DTH response to the immunizing antigen, but failed to inhibit the secondary humoral response.plus glucocorticoid treatment can provide a greater degree of disease suppression compared with either Having established the pathological importance of MIF in the induction and development of experimental agent alone.If this proves to be the case, then a combination of anti-MIF treatment plus low-dose crescentic glomerulonephritis, we examined whether anti-MIF mAb treatment could halt or even reverse glucocorticoids could become the treatment of choice for many types of kidney disease, and indeed immuno-established crescentic disease [10].To do this, anti-MIF mAb treatment was delayed until day 7, at which logical diseases generally.time renal impairment and crescent formation were evident.Compared with animals examined on day 7, treatment with the irrelevant control mAb over days 7-21 led to a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with severe renal injury (proteinuria), loss of renal 1. Hooke DH, Gee DC, Atkins RC.Leukocyte analysis using formation).In contrast, anti-MIF mAb treatment over monoclonal antibodies in human glomerulonephritis.Kidney Int days 7-21 partially reversed the disease by restoring 1987; 31: 964-972 2. Calandra T, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor normal renal function and reducing histological (MIF ): a glucocorticoid counter-regulator within the immune damage compared with untreated animals examined system.
Compound-action potentials of myelinated fibers in the saphenous nerve of the dog: in situ electrophysiologic and behavioral studies.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Compound-action potentials (CAP) were recorded directly from the surface of fascicles of the distal portion of the saphenous nerve (SN) of dogs in situ. Potentials were evoked through needle electrodes and were recorded through bipolar stainless steel electrodes. Stimuli of 10-microseconds duration and of 0.4 +/- 0.15-mA amplitude evoked a monophasic CAP. Sensory conduction velocities of afferent fibers, the action potentials of which contributed to this evoked compound potential, ranged from 62.4 +/- 2.8 m/s for the most rapidly conducting fibers to 30.5 +/- 2.4 m/s for the least rapidly conducting fibers. Stimuli of 25-microseconds duration and of 2.2 +/- 0.8-mA amplitude evoked a second, longer latency CAP in addition to the first CAP. Sensory conduction velocities of afferent fibers, the action potentials of which contributed to this evoked compound potential, ranged from 20.4 +/- 2.9 m/s for the most rapidly conducting fibers to 13.7 +/- 1.0 m/s for the least rapidly conducting fibers. Low-amplitude, negative peaks were recorded between the first and second major potentials elicited by the longer duration stimuli. Stimuli of still longer duration and higher currents induced contractions of the caudal part of the sartorius muscle by current spread in 9 of 12 dogs. In 3 dogs, a third monophasic CAP was evoked, having a maximal conduction velocity of 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s. After section of the distal portion of the SN on one side in each of 2 dogs, an absence of signs of sensory deficit was found on clinical neurologic examination. The area of cutaneous innervation of the cranial branch of the distal portion of the SN was determined electrophysiologically.
<title>Surface profile acquisition using dynamic speckles</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work we present the novel technique for z-distance measurement to an optically rough surface using dynamic speckles. The technique is based on the continuous frequency measurements of the power modulation of the spatially filtered scattered light. The dynamic speckle pattern is created when the laser beam scans the surface under study. The complete optical-electronic system was designed and fabricated for fast measurement of the speckles velocity, its recalculation into the distance, and further data acquisition into computer. The measured surface profile is displayed in a PC monitor in real time. Main advantage of the proposed technique is high scanning speed providing an extremely short response time below 1 μs. Important parameters of the system such as accuracy, range of measurements, and spatial resolution are analyzed. Limits of the spatial filtering technique used for continuous tracking of the speckle-pattern velocity are shown. Possible ways of further improvement of the measurements accuracy are demonstrated. Due to its extremely fast operation the proposed technique could find applications in such areas as online quality control of materials (paper thickness, rolled metal roughness, etc.) moving on production lines with high velocities (up to 20 m/s) or online control of the 3D-shape of complex objects (e.g., electronic circuits) during their assembling.
Studies on accumulated thermal unit and thermal use efficiency at different phenophases of rice varieties under different crop growing environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2018 entitled “Studies on accumulated thermal unit and thermal use efficiency at different phenophases of rice varieties under different crop growing environment” at N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The experiment consisted of nine treatment combinations viz. three crop growing environment viz. July 15th, July 25th and August 04th and three varieties viz., NDR-97, NDR-2064 and BPT-5204. Results reveal that maximum accumulated thermal unit (2203.1°C days) was recorded in crop growing environment of July 15th followed by the July 25th (2089.8°C days). Among the varieties, maximum accumulated thermal unit in variety BPT-5204 (2367.2°C days) followed by NDR-2064 (2113.7°C days). Maximum thermal use efficiency of (0.51g/m2/°C days) was recorded in July 15th at Physiological Maturity followed by July 25th (0.475g/m2/°C days). NDR-2064 possess maximum TUE of 0.535g/m2/°C days at Physiological Maturity followed by BPT-5204 (0.505g/m2/°C days).
Weed control in secondary archaeological sites by means of precision agriculture techniques

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of intervention approaches that lessen biodeterioration and enable the realization of cultural heritage is crucial for the improvement of secondary archaeological sites. A challenge faced by tiny archeological sites is the emergence of spontaneous vegetation, particularly ruderal plants. Here, we describe the development of a weeding system that applies precision agriculture techniques. Drones will be used to identify vegetation that is considered noxious and to apply herbicides where and when they are really needed. Additionally, the efficacy of the treatments can be tracked by using a multispectral sensor.