jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Charge control of three-phase buck PWM rectifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Charge control of three-phase buck PWM rectifiers is proposed in this paper. It controls precisely the average input phase currents to track the input phase voltages by sensing and integrating only the DC rail current, realizes six-step PWM, and features simple implementation, fast dynamic response, excellent noise immunity, and is easy to realize with analog circuitry and integrate. The concept, implementation, and design guidelines are addressed. Simulation and preliminary experimental results are given. Also discussed are the potential extension of the proposed control scheme to realize different PWM patterns, and its applications to various three-phase buck rectifier-based systems.
Electrification of the Transportation System in China : Exploring Battery Swapping for Heavy Trucks in China 1.0

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To achieve successful transportation electrification, we need to understand the role of different vehicle charging solutions. This report focuses on conductive technology that involves the physical exchange of empty batteries with fully charged ones, an approach called battery swapping. The battery swapping alternative has garnered great interest in China and many other developing economies in recent years, particularly for two- and three-wheeled vehicles. This battery swapping approach is now tackling the heavy vehicle sector, such as trucks and buses. As a result, this approach to “refueling” electric vehicles is important to explore, and we need to understand the conditions needed for battery swapping to succeed. In this report, we focus on the use of battery-swapping technology to develop and market Electric Heavy Trucks (EHT) in China.
Antihypertensive effect of metoprolol in diuretic‐treated, mild primary hypertension

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Metoprolol tartrate was administered to 41 patients with mild essential hypertension already treated with a diuretic for a period of 2 weeks. In the majority of those patients, other step 2 antihypertensive agents either failed to control high blood pressure or caused adverse reactions. All other antihypertensive agents except diuretics were discontinued during the 2‐week wash‐out period. Patients with a diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 104 mmHg (inclusive) received oral metoprolol at a dose of 50mg twice daily for 2 weeks. Subsequently, metoprolol titration was individualized on a bi‐weekly basis until either the diastolic blood pressure was = 90 mmHg and/or a maximal daily dose of 300mg of metroprolol was reached. The analysis of efficacy and safety was done for a total period of 14 weeks. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rates were significantly reduced (P≤0.05) in all treatment groups. Minor adverse reactions such as mild fatigue in 11 patients, nervousness in 2, and leg cramps in 2 patients were reported. Transient skin rash, dizziness, headache, chest pain, insomnia, and cold extremities were also reported in one patient each. It is concluded from the present study that metropolol (in twice daily dose) in combination with a diuretic is safe, effective, and well tolerated in the treatment of mild hypertension.
The effects of peer information and debt covenant on corporate investments

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The thesis examines the effects of agency conflicts and peer information disclosures on corporate investment decisions. Corporate investments involve a range of decisions including investing in capital expenditures, R&D expenditures, mergers and acquisitions, and other intangibles. These capital allocation decisions are essential because they allow firms to retain as well as develop new competitive advantages. For example, capital expenditures allow firms to invest in long-term tangible assets such as plants, property, and equipment. Moreover, M&A deals can help firms to quickly gain market share or valuable technologies from competitors. Finally, investing in R&D and other intangibles is essential for business survival in an increasingly intangible-based economy. The studies in this dissertation shed light on some factors that may affect these decisions from two angles: agency problems and spillover effects. As investment decisions are generally irreversible, managers need as much information as possible to make effective decisions. Delaying these decisions would put firms in a disadvantageous position because competitors can capture market share faster. Therefore, mitigating agency conflicts is one way to improve investment decisions. Moreover, additional financial disclosures can help to resolve the uncertainty regarding future outcomes.
A bivariate model to predict library circulation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The appropriateness of fitting an approximately linear graph for the data collected over a two-year period in library circulation has been questioned recently. The models, which exist in statistical analysis of library circulation, are able only to present linear regression. These models are based on classical bivariate discrete distributions which are determined by their univariate marginals and are characterized by a much restricted correlation structure. In this article we propose the analysis of library circulation data with the help of a new statistical model that creates a most flexible regression curve. © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reduction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastric injury and leucocyte endothelial adhesion by octreotide.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce gastric ulcers. AIMS: To assess whether the somatostatin analogue octreotide prevents NSAID induced mucosal gastrointestinal damage in both animals and humans. The effect of octreotide on neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium was also evaluated. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated either with saline (0.3 ml subcutaneously) or octreotide (0.001-1 ng/kg subcutaneously). After 30 minutes gastric ulcers were induced by the intragastric application of NSAIDs (20 mg/kg indomethacin, 200 mg/kg aspirin, 200 mg/kg ibuprofen, or 50 mg/kg diclofenac). Four hours later the rats were killed and gastric mucosal lesions were assessed by computed planimetry. To determine whether octreotide could prevent indomethacin induced injury in humans, 20 healthy volunteers were evaluated in a double blind, placebo controlled study. RESULTS: Octreotide prevented NSAID induced gastric mucosal lesions (p < 0.05). The dose response curve was U shaped and the most effective dose was 0.1 ng/kg. Leucocyte adherence in submucosal venules of the stomach was evaluated by in vivo microscopy. Octreotide (0.1 ng/kg subcutaneously) prevented indomethacin (20 mg/kg intragastric) induced leucocyte adherence in gastric submucosal venules (p < 0.05). Healthy human volunteers received 50 mg indomethacin orally thrice a day concomitantly with either an identical placebo or 0.01 microgram, 0.1 microgram, or 1 microgram octreotide subcutaneously thrice a day for three days. Injury was assessed by endoscopy. There was a negative correlation between the octreotide dose and injury score (p < 0.03 for gastric injury, p < 0.001 for duodenal injury). CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide protects the stomach from NSAID induced gastric injury, probably via its ability to reduce NSAID induced neutrophilic adhesion to the microvasculature. Octreotide also ameliorated indomethacin induced gastric and duodenal injury in humans.
[A case of ureteritis in Henoch-Shönlein purpura].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a multisystemic disorder mainly affecting the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys but sometime rare complications that have been reported include urologic manifestations. We report a case of a 63 year old man was admitted to the hospital because a neurologic abnormalities, gastrointestinal blood loss and acute renal failure. One year before HSP was dignosed by percutaneous renal biopsy. A few days later admission the temperature was 38 masculineC and urine cultures yielded Echerichia Coli. An angio-magnetic resonance of the abdomen showed a marked dilatation of the distal left ureter with a level inside. Therapy with corticosteroids improved a clinical features and the usual renal function was recovered.
[Endoscopic disruption of perforators in the leg].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since September 15, 1994 endoscopic eliminations of perforators in Linton's line of the leg were performed in the Surgical Sanatorium in Brno Vinicní 235. Before January 1, 1999 80 of these operations were performed. Based on the results subfascial ligatures on the leg according to Linton can be adequately replaced by less multilating operations, i.e. by endoscopic elimination of perforators in Linton's line of the leg. (Ref. 4.)
Encoding counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, I demonstrate how past time-reference, modality, negation, conditional, and the causal relationship between the protasis and the apodosis work together to generate counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically. I study two syntactic means that can help construe counterfactuality in Chinese. First, I study the case of the specialized complementizer yaobushi ‘if not for’ based on Ippolito and Su (2009) by arguing that the causal clausal relationship and the overt or covert modality are obligatory in yaobushi counterfactual; in particular, I resort to the inherent negative entailment of the modal adverb cai ‘not until’ that satisfies the exhaustive operator to account for the needed negation in cai apodosis. Second, I propose that a hypothetical conditional clause with a past time-reference guarantees past counterfactuality in Chinese. I extend the morphological past-tense exclusion operator for counterfactuality ( Iatridou 2000 ) to a more general and more pragmatic past time-reference to include tenseless languages like Chinese. I also show the special typological status of past tense and past counterfactual.
Clustering Hyperlinks for Topic Extraction: An Exploratory Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a Web of increasing size and complexity, a key issue is automatic document organization, which includes topic extraction in collections. Since we consider topics as document clusters with semantic properties, we are concerned with exploring suitable clustering techniques for their identification on hyperlinked environments (where we only regard structural information). For this purpose, three algorithms (PDDP, k-means, and graph local clustering) were executed over a document subset of an increasingly popular corpus: Wikipedia. Results were evaluated with unsupervised metrics (cosine similarity, semantic relatedness, Jaccard index) and suggest that promising results can be produced for this particular domain.
Socio-demographic variables and utilization of Insecticide Treated Bed Net among pregnant women in Southern Cross River State, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study investigated socio-demographic variables and utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Southern Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05level of significance. There was a detailed review of related literature on the variables of the study. Survey research design was employed in the study. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the health facilities used for the study while the systematic random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the health facilities used for the study while the systematic random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the seven hundred and forty one respondents used for the study. A structured questionnaire was the instrument utilized for data collection. The instrument was subjected to validity by relevant experts. Cronbach alpha method was employed to establish the reliability of the research instrument. Totest the various hypotheses that were formulated for the study, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson product moment correlation statistics were utilized for analysis of data. The result obtained from data analysis and hypotheses testing in the study revealed that there was a significant influence of age, educational status on utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women. it was recommended among other that pregnant women across various groups especially the younger ones should be adequately sensitized on the need to effectively utilize insecticide treated nets in order to prevent the incidence of malaria during pregnancy
Soya Proteins Functional and Sensory Characteristics Improved in Cornminuted bleats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Soya proteins (flour, concentrate, isolate) were incorporated in formulations of frankfurters as preemulsified fat (PEF) and as powders. Sensory analysis showed that incorporation of soya proteins as PEF resulted in a reduction of specific soybean off‐flavor (beany and bitterness notes) and off‐aroma. Soya proteins added as PEF increased water‐holding capacity and yield, decreased cook losses, and had no detrimental effect on color. Using soya proteins as stabilizer in PEF could improve functionality of these proteins and sensory characteristics of comminuted meats to which they are added.
P‐162: Homocysteine levels and cognitive scores in a cohort of normal older adults at baseline: Longitudinal analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Large epidemiological studies have shown that elevated homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for dementia, but the longitudinal impact of changing tHcy levels is unclear. We have investigated the longitudinal relation between tHcy levels, and cognitive scores in a cohort of volunteer older adults with normal cognitive function at baseline. Cohort study of 279 older adults (65 years and older) living independently in the community and cognitively normal at baseline, followed every 2–2.5 years for up to 7.5 years. Demographic, medical and dietary information was collected at all visits. The battery of cognitive tests included: Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Inventory (Stroop) (a test of focused attention), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Biochemical determinations included tHcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA) by mass spectrometry gas-chromatography, cobalamin (Cbl) and total folate. Analysis included Spearman correlations, Mann-Whitney, T-test, and Mixed models to examine the relationship within subjects over time, between tHcy and cognitive scores, before and after adjusting for: age at baseline, time since baseline and years of education. The Mixed model accounted for the dependence induced by the repeated measures per subject. From the 279 older adults there were a total of 689 observations. Calculations were conducted including all 689 observations and excluding outliers (tHcy >25mcM). Age at baseline and years since baseline were negatively related to all cognitive scores in all models (p<.01). Years of education were positively related to cognitive scores. Including all observations and after adjusting for age at baseline, time since baseline and years of education, only the Stroop scores maintain a negative significant relationship with tHcy levels (p=.048). This relationship became insignificant (p>.15) after removal of observations with very high tHcy levels. Conclusion: This longitudinal analysis suggests that the relationship between tHcy and cognitive scores is driven by high tHcy (>25 mcM, normal <13.9 mcM) and is restricted to focused attention (Stroop). It appears that levels of tHcy lower than 25mcM do not affect cognitive scores.
Enteral Nutrition of the Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Optimal nutrition is critical in the management of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant. Methods: The type of feeding, initiation, route and schedule of feeding, and the rate of increase in feeding volume were reviewed. Results: Human milk from the preterm infant’s mother is the feeding of choice. When full enteral feeding is established, supplementation of human milk with a multi-nutrient fortifier is required. In VLBW infants having poor weight gain when exclusively fed human milk, feeding of hindmilk is encouraged if the mother expresses large quantities of breast milk. Lactation support is vital for the mother, including appropriate methods of milk collection, storage and transport to the nursery. In mothers who produce no or insufficient human milk, preterm formulas are an alternative feeding, used either alone or in conjunction with human milk. Minimal enteral nutrition using sub-nutritional feedings in the first week of life is advantageous. Intragastric intermittent (“bolus”) tube feeding is the route of choice for the infant born at <32 to 34 weeks gestational age. Feeding volume must be advanced cautiously at <20 mL/kg/day. Conclusion: Future goals of nutrition research in the VLBW infant must include determining the role and optimal composition of the various nutrients and duration of use.
The 64,000 MW chloroplast protein kinase is a loosely bound thylakoid protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A 64 kDa phosphoprotein copurifies with histone kinase activity in detergent extract of thylakoid membranes and has been provisionally identified as the kinase (e.g. JBC 261 14062). The authors have prepared antibodies to this protein. As measured by western blotting, release of the kinase from thylakoids correlates with loss of kinase activity and preceeds solubilization of the bulk of the cytochrome b/f complex. Although treatment with NaBr, KI and urea did not release the protein, some was lost during NaOH washes and essentially all of it appeared in the aqueous fraction during the phase partitioning with Triton X-114. Although it dissociates with relative ease from thylakoids, fractionation experiments indicate that the 64kDa is in fact a membrane protein and not an adventitiously bound stromal enzyme. Measured on the same 13% acrylamide gel, the kinase's molecular weight is 5 to 7 kDa smaller than that of the major stromal protein labeled with {sup 32}P-ATP. Unlike the stromal protein, the extent of labeling of the 64 kDa was unchanged by the subsequent chases with non-radioactive ATP. They conclude that while the 64 kDa protein may be a peripheral membrane protein, it is not a contaminating stromal enzyme with a phosphoenzyme intermediate likemore » phosphoglucomutase. It is very likely that it is the kinase.« less
The Association Between Environmental Tobacco Smoke And Obesity Among Spanish Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Maternal active smoking during pregnancy is a well established chemical "obesogen", consistently associated with childhood obesity in meta-analyses. Less is known however, about the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, both pre- and postnatally, and the role of confounding by family lifestyle factors. Methods Pregnant women were enrolled into the Spanish INMA prospective birth cohort during 2003-2008. Tobacco smoke exposure was assessed by questionnaire and by urinary cotinine pre and postnatally. Child body mass index z-score (zBMI) was assessed at 14 months and 4 years. Multiple lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, were considered as potential confounders. Linear models with generalized estimating equations (to incorporate multiple time points) were used to assess the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and zBMI among 1903 children. Results In basic models, child zBMI was associated with maternal active smoking (β = 0.15, 95% C.I.= 0.05-0.25) and ETS exposure during pregnancy (β = 0.15, 95% C.I.= 0.04-0.25). Maternal postnatal active smoking, as a proxy of child ETS exposure, was also significant (β = 0.18, 95% C.I.=0.02-0.34). In fully adjusted models including both pre- and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure, a significant effect remained for prenatal ETS exposure (β = 0.17, 95% C.I.= 0.05-0.28) but not active maternal smoking either during (β = 0.09, 95% C.I.= -0.03-0.21) or after pregnancy (β = 0.13, 95% C.I.= -0.06-0.31). Adjustment for birth weight did not alter effect estimates. Similar results were observed with urinary cotinine. Conclusions: Maternal exposure to ETS during pregnancy is associated with child risk of being overweight, even after adjustment for family lifestyle factors and postnatal ETS exposure. This is consistent with low dose effects observed for other endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Descriptive analysis of COVID-19 patients in the context of India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractCOVID-19 is now becoming a global issue and declared as pandemic by world health organization. This virus spread out from China to entire world. This paper performed a descriptive analysis of COVID-19 in special reference of India. Different attributes such as age, gender, travel history, communication type and current status are analyzed. Till now it can be stated from the study that age is not a significant factor that affect a person to be captured by this disease, also age attribute is normally distributed in current dataset. A significant relationship is found between gender (male and female) and Transmission Type (imported from other country or communicated from local) of the patients.Subject Classification: 68Q25Keywords: COVID-19WHOSARSMERSSPSSR Studio
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPARING THE EARLY FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AND GAIT BETWEEN LATERAL AND POSTERIOR APPROACHES IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a well-established procedure for managing arthritis and related hip joint conditions. However, the optimal surgical approach—whether lateral or posterior—remains a subject of debate. Objective: This prospective study aims to compare the early functional outcomes and gait analysis between the lateral and posterior approaches in patients undergoing THA. Methods:Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College & L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, 23 patients (16 male, 7 female) were evaluated over a period of 3 months. The primary outcomes measured included functional improvement assessed by the Harris Hip Score (HHS),Trendelenburg test,and Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment (RVGA). Pre- and post-operative electromyographic (EMG) evaluations of the gluteus medius and maximus muscles were also performed. Results: Findings showed significant improvement in the HHS,with the posterior approach showing superior outcomes in terms of pain relief and functional recovery (p < 0.05). Gait analysis revealed better outcomes in the posterior group,though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.115).The Trendelenburg test also favoured the posterior approach,but this result was not significant (p = 0.131).There was no significant difference in nerve injury,with EMG results remaining normal in both groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that while both approaches offer excellent functional recovery, the posterior approach may have a slight advantage in early post-operative outcomes, particularly concerning pain and function. However, factors such as femoral offset were critical in influencing gait and abductor muscle strength post-operatively.