jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer for Extended X-Ray Sources

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Spherically or toroidally curved, double focusing crystals are used in a spectrometer for X-ray diagnostics of an extended X-ray source such as a hot plasma produced in a tokamak fusion experiment to provide spatially and temporally resolved data on plasma parameters such as ion temperature, toroidal and poloidal rotation, electron temperature, impurity ion charge-state distributions, and impurity transport. The imaging properties of these spherically or toroidally curved crystals provide both spectrally and spatially resolved X-ray data from the plasma using only one small spherically or toroidally curved crystal, thus eliminating the requirement for a large array of crystal spectrometers and the need to cross-calibrate the various crystals.
A Treatise on Hannibal's Passage of the Alps, in Which His Route Is Traced Over the Little Mont Cenis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The controversy over the route taken by Hannibal, the Carthaginian army and his famous elephants in their crossing of the Alps to attack Rome in 218 BCE began within fifty years of the event and has continued for many centuries. A particular scholarly dispute emerged in the 1850s between Robert Ellis (1819/20–85) and William John Law (1786–1869), and was fought in the pages of the Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology and in books. Ellis, a classical scholar, had surveyed the Alpine passes in 1852 and again in 1853, when he published this work, claiming that the Little Mount Cenis route was the one used. Law responded immediately in the Journal, and later published his own theory, to which Ellis riposted in 1867 with An Enquiry into the Ancient Routes between Italy and Gaul, also reissued in this series. Modern scholarship doubts, however, that either man was right
Gangrenous appendicitis in children: a different approach.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty children with gangrenous appendicitis were treated consecutively by appendectomy followed by saline irrigation and loose wound closure. Drainage was not employed. Ampicillin and oxacillin were mixed and given intravenously. In 28 of 50 patients, ampicillin powder was dusted into the wound. No intraperitoneal complications occurred. Seven would infections required incision. Dusting ampicillin powder into the wound reduced this complication to less than 10 per cent. Four patients had nasogastric tubes. The usual hospital stay was three to eight days. The most common organisms cultured were Escherichia coli (68%), Streptococcus species (60%), and anaerobic species (48%). Eleven patients were evaluated for synergism between ampicillin and oxacillin. Eight showed some evidence of synergism in that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the combination was less than the MIC of the individual drugs.
Social position of the clergy in the seventeenth century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Social position of the clergy in the seventeenth century Get access Br. Nicholson Br. Nicholson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-II, Issue 45, 6 November 1886, Pages 377–378, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-II.45.377g Published: 06 November 1886
RECURRENCE OF PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER PROGRAMMED ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH QUALITY OF LIFE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: We propose the experience of performing electrical cardioversion (CVE) programmed for the treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (AF) in an Emergency Service (ED), comparing it with the usual one performed through hospital admission. The aim is to determine the incidence of recurrences after cardioversion and its relation with quality of life by comparing both procedures. Design and method: Prospective longitudinal study that included all the cardioversions performed in a hospital center during 4 years, comparing those performed in SU versus those performed through admission. The pre-cardioversion period (Questionnaire I) and the following month (Questionnaire II) were evaluated with quality of life surveys. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Persistent non-reverted FA to sinus with previous pharmacological treatment; age older than18 year; written informed consent of the patient for the CVE and informed consent for quality of life questionnaires; correct oral anticoagulation, measured by International Normalized Ratio (I.N.R.) at the time of the CVE and the previous 4 weeks. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: paroxysmal FA; life expectancy less than 1 year; dependent patients for the activities of daily life. A descriptive, univariate and bivariate analysis was performed (Chi-square, ANOVA test and Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson and Spearman correlation test). Survival curves of Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis were performed by logistic regression. Results: We included 78 patients, 82% cardioverted in the Emergency Department. The average age was 64.7 years (SD10.8). The CVE effective faith in 88.5%, being the incidence of recurrences of 30% for the first two years. There was a relationship between the result of CVE and place (p 0.009), number of shocks and total energy (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Quality of life improved after electrical cardioversion, regardless of the result. There was a relationship with sex, (p 0.05 in both questionnaires), scoring more women, and with previous CVE number (p 0.05 and 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: The experience of the CVE protocol programmed in SU was positive, showing good acceptance by the patients. The quality of life improved after cardioversion, regardless of the result of it.
PonziFinder: Attention-Based Edge-Enhanced Ponzi Contract Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ponzi contracts are fraudulent investment scams that promise high returns with little risk to investors. However, existing methods for detecting Ponzi contracts have several limitations. For example, they struggle to deal with the class imbalance problem, and their analysis of function call transactions is inadequate, resulting in redundant features. To tackle the challenges of detecting Ponzi contracts, we present PonziFinder, a novel approach that leverages convolutional-based edge-enhanced graph neural network and attention mechanism for the classification of contract transaction graphs. In contrast to previous methods, we not only consider transaction value and timestamp but also analyze transaction input to standardize and sort transactions. We extract node and edge features that capture the unique characteristics of Ponzi contracts. The edge feature, reflecting interaccount correlation, enhances the propagation and updating of node features for effective Ponzi contract detection. To prevent oversmoothing of node embedding caused by the shallow transaction graph and extract important account node information, we introduce an attention-based global layerwise aggregation mechanism (ALGA) for generating the final contract graph representation for classification. Moreover, we optimize the node feature set and use an effective strategy based on undersampling and ensemble learning to address the issue of class imbalance. Experimental results show that PonziFinder can detect all types of Ponzi contracts (100%) with 97% accuracy when there is sufficient transaction data, outperforming other models. The analysis of input values and the ALGA mechanism are experimentally shown to improve accuracy by 4% and 2%, respectively. In summary, PonziFinder is a novel and effective method for detecting Ponzi contracts. Our approach addresses the limitations of existing methods and demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency.
A response surface approach to data analysis in robust parameter design

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has become obvious that combined arrays and a response surface approach can be effective tools in our quest to reduce (process) variability. An important aspect of the improvement of quality is to suppress the magnitude of the influence coming from subtle changes of noise factors. To model and control process variability induced by noise factors we take a response surface approach. The derivative of the standard response function with respect to noise factors, i. e., the slopes of the response function in the direction of the noise factors, play an important role in the study of the minimum process variance. For better understanding of the process variability, we study various properties of both biased and the unbiased estimators of the process variance. Response surface modeling techniques and the ideas involved with variance modeling and estimation through the function of the aforementioned derivatives is a valuable concept in this study. In what follows, we describe the use of the response surface methodology for situations in which noise factors are used. The approach is to combine Taguchi's notion of heterogeneous variability with standard design and modeling techniques available in response surface methodology.
MonDiaL-CAD: Monkeypox diagnosis via selected hybrid CNNs unified with feature selection and ensemble learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Objective Recently, monkeypox virus is slowly evolving and there are fears it will spread as COVID-19. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) based on deep learning approaches especially convolutional neural network (CNN) can assist in the rapid determination of reported incidents. The current CADs were mostly based on an individual CNN. Few CADs employed multiple CNNs but did not investigate which combination of CNNs has a greater impact on the performance. Furthermore, they relied on only spatial information of deep features to train their models. This study aims to construct a CAD tool named “Monkey-CAD” that can address the previous limitations and automatically diagnose monkeypox rapidly and accurately. Methods Monkey-CAD extracts features from eight CNNs and then examines the best possible combination of deep features that influence classification. It employs discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to merge features which diminishes fused features' size and provides a time-frequency demonstration. These deep features’ sizes are then further reduced via an entropy-based feature selection approach. These reduced fused features are finally used to deliver a better representation of the input features and feed three ensemble classifiers. Results Two freely accessible datasets called Monkeypox skin image (MSID) and Monkeypox skin lesion (MSLD) are employed in this study. Monkey-CAD could discriminate among cases with and without Monkeypox achieving an accuracy of 97.1% for MSID and 98.7% for MSLD datasets respectively. Conclusions Such promising results demonstrate that the Monkey-CAD can be employed to assist health practitioners. They also verify that fusing deep features from selected CNNs can boost performance.
Existence of a tricritical point for the Blume-Capel model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove the existence of a tricritical point for the Blume-Capel model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ for every $d\geq 2$. The proof in $d\geq 3$ relies on a novel combinatorial mapping to an Ising model on a larger graph, the techniques of Aizenman, Duminil-Copin, and Sidoravicious (Comm. Math. Phys, 2015), and the celebrated infrared bound. In $d=2$, the proof relies on a quantitative analysis of crossing probabilities of the dilute random cluster representation of the Blume-Capel. In particular, we develop a quadrichotomy result in the spirit of Duminil-Copin and Tassion (Moscow Math. J., 2020), which allows us to obtain a fine picture of the phase diagram in $d=2$, including asymptotic behaviour of correlations in all regions. Finally, we show that the techniques used to establish subcritical sharpness for the dilute random cluster model extend to any $d\geq 2$.
The effects of bamboo salt solution on remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives : The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the remineralization effect of Bamboo salt and NaF+Bamboo salt solutions on bovine enamel formed incipient artificial enamel caries by microcomputed tomography (micro CT). Methods : Experimental solutions were distilled water(negative control), 2% sodium fluoride solution (2% NaF group), 3% bamboo salt solution (3% BS group) and the solution mixed 2% sodium fluoride solution and 3% bamboo salt solution (2% NaF+3% BS group). Specimens were prepared from extracted bovine teeth and divided into 4 groups of 10 specimens each by randomized blocks according to density. Then the specimens surface were divided equally into three parts to observe sound enamel area, incipient enamel carious area and remineralized enamel area. Only one-third of specimen surface was coated with nail varnish and these were exposed to a lactate carbopol buffer system for 72 hours. Then one-half of the demineralized enamel area was coated with nail varnish. The specimens were carried out under pH cycling model for 14 days as follows; samples were immersed in each experimental solution for 2 mins 3 times per day, demineralized for 4 hours and in mixed saliva for the remaining hours. After pH cycling, density was measured using micro CT. Results : All experimental groups showed remineralization effects except for negative control group(p<0.05). The differences of density after experimental solution treatment were statistically significant difference among 4 groups (p<0.01). The density difference values of groups were $0.04{\pm}0.01$ in negative control group, $0.19{\pm}0.01$ in 2% NaF group, $0.14{\pm}0.01$ in 3% BS group, and $0.21{\pm}0.01$ in 2% NaF+3% BS group. Conclusions : The bamboo salt solution showed remineralization effects on incipient artificial enamel caries and the solution mixed sodium fluoride solution and bamboo salt solution showed more remineralization effects than the bamboo salt solution. Thus, it is suggested that bamboo salt can be used as remineralization agent in incipient enamel caries lesion.
Giving Booked Chicken Eggs White Affects Perineal Wound Healing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Latar Belakang: Bagi perempuan, perineum sangatlah penting. Peregangan dan robekan pada perineum selama proses persalinan dapat melemahkan otot – otot dasar panggul pada dinding vagina. Trauma pada perineum juga menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman dan nyeri pada saat berhubungan seksual. Diperkirakan 85% ibu bersalin mengalami robekan jalan lahir Tujuan: Diketahui pengaruh pemberian putih telur ayam rebus terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum. Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, rancangan penelitian quasy eksperimen dengan pendekatan Pretest-Posttest Control Group design , penelitian dilakukan diwilayah kerja puskesmas serupa indah, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 ibu nifas dengan pembaguan 16 intervensi, 16 kontrol, penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Juli Tahun 2021, teknik sampling purposive sampling , penelitian menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat man witney Hasil: Rata-rata luka perineum pada hari 1 kelompok yang tidak diberi putih telur ayam rebus dengan Mean 6,69 Min 5 Max 8.luka perineum pada hari 7 kelompok yang tidak diberi putih telurayam rebus dengan Mean 1,81 Min 0 Max 4.Hasil uji statistic didapatkan nilai P -value = 0.029 (<0,05) Kesimpulan: terdapat pengaruh pemberian putih telur ayam rebus terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum. Saran : Bagi tenaga medis diharapkan dapat mengedukasi masyarakat tentang pentingnya asupan protein salah satunya telur untuk penyembuhan luka khususnya luka perineum. Kata kunci: Protein, telur, perineum ABSTRACT Background : For women, perineum is very important. Stretching and tearing on perineum during childbirth process can weaken the pelvic floor muscles in the vaginal wall. Trauma on perineum causes discomfortable feeling and pain when doing sexual intercourse. It is estimated around 85% of mothers who giving a birth have experience of tearing in the birth canal. Purpose : by known the influence of giving boiled chicken eggswhite toward perineal wound healing. Methods: kind of quantitative research, Quasi- experimental research design by using Pretest-Posttest Control Group design approach, this study was done in worked area of Serupa Indah Public Health Center. The sample of the study is 32 postpartum mother by detailing 16 interventions, and 16 controls. This study was conducted on February – July 2021, purposive sampling technique, this research uses univariate and bivariate Man Witney’s analysis. The result : the average of perineal wound in the first day for the group who was not given boiled chicken eggswhite by Mean 6,69 Min 5 Max 8. Perineal wound in the seventh day for the group who was not given boiled chicken eggswhite by Mean 1,81 Min 0 Max 4. For the result of statistical test is gotten, P -value = 0.029 (<0,05). Conclusion: there is the influence of giving boiled chicken eggswhite toward perineal wound healing. Suggestions: for medical workers are hoped to educate society about the importance of protein intake one of them is egg for would healing, especially the wound of perineum. Keyword: Protein, egg, perineum
Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Want

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present the Draw-and-Understand framework, exploring how to integrate visual prompting understanding capabilities into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Visual prompts allow users to interact through multi-modal instructions, enhancing the models' interactivity and fine-grained image comprehension. In this framework, we propose a general architecture adaptable to different pre-trained MLLMs, enabling it to recognize various types of visual prompts (such as points, bounding boxes, and free-form shapes) alongside language understanding. Additionally, we introduce MDVP-Instruct-Data, a multi-domain dataset featuring 1.2 million image-visual prompt-text triplets, including natural images, document images, scene text images, mobile/web screenshots, and remote sensing images. Building on this dataset, we introduce MDVP-Bench, a challenging benchmark designed to evaluate a model's ability to understand visual prompting instructions. The experimental results demonstrate that our framework can be easily and effectively applied to various MLLMs, such as SPHINX-X and LLaVA. After training with MDVP-Instruct-Data and image-level instruction datasets, our models exhibit impressive multimodal interaction capabilities and pixel-level understanding, while maintaining their image-level visual perception performance.
The Virginia Gazette and General Advertiser, Vol. 6, No. 265, August 31, 1791

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Includes advertisements for fugitives from slavery: George from New Kent County --- John Gibson or Laney from Richmond --- Syme or Charles from Dover --- Amherst, Ben, and a woman from Rosewall, King and Queen county --- Alexander and Patrick from Richmond --- Titus from Fredericksburg --- Bob from Richmond. Includes advertisement of Moses Austin & Co. Shot Factory.
Individual factors and beliefs determining COVID-19 vaccination willingness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: High vaccination coverage rates are necessary to reduce infections and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 and to allow successful mitigation of the current pandemic. To date, we are still lacking information to explain the hesitancy in Luxembourg towards uptake of the available COVID-19 vaccines. The present study explored motivations for and against vaccination in a population-representative sample of residents across Luxembourg to identify hesitant groups and develop strategies to increase population immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In the framework of the nationwide, representative longitudinal CON-VINCE study, a sample of 1589 respondents (49.6% women, 84.3% Luxembourg nationality) ranging from 18-84 years, participated in the survey in spring 2021. The protocol of the CON-VINCE study has been described in detail elsewhere (Snoeck et al. 2020). Results: 52% of the respondents had at least partial vaccination at time of assessment between April to June 2021. The most common reasons for vaccination of those willing to be vaccinated (81.2%) were altruistic motivations. Prevalent reasons against vaccination for those undecided (8.7%) or reluctant (10.2%) to be vaccinated were that the vaccine had not been tested sufficiently and the fear of long-term vaccine side effects. Only very few of the vaccination-hesitant or -reluctant respondents reported that they did not believe in vaccination in general. Conclusion: The present study identified motivations for and against COVID-19 vaccination and determined demographic and socio-economic factors associated with vaccination willingness. To increase vaccination rates, public health communication needs to target those unsure or unwilling to be vaccinated. We will continue to study the vaccination uptake in the Luxembourg population, as CON-VINCE is now part of the H2020-funded international ORCHESTRA project (https://orchestra-cohort.eu), research into comparing these results on a Pan-European level.
Exemplarity and divine ideas in Aquinas. From the essential unity to the personal Logos

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to Aquinas, formally speaking, the divine exemplarity depends on ideas existing in the mind of God. However, to interpret this statement within the context of Trinitarian monotheism requires consideration of the exemplary condition of both the divine essence and the personal Logos. It is necessary, therefore, to reflect on two pairings simultaneously: essence ideas and Logos-ideas. The fi rst is clarified by studying divine knowledge, the other by analysing the manifestation of creatures through the divine Word. This paper explores these two sets of ideas independently and in relation to one another in order to show their harmonic convergence in the Thomistic maxim: Deus est primum exemplar omnium.
Segmenting Agri-Input Market in Odisha

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There has been a significant transformation in social, physical and economic infrastructure. This has consequently changed the attitude and behavior of consumers/farmers. Farmers have shifted substantially toward consumerism, particularly over the past decade. This drastic and rapid change in the Indian agriculture sector has compelled agribusiness firms to continually adapt their marketing strategies to add & retain customers and increase the customer lifetime value. To maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of their market interventions, marketers have been segmenting their customers in numerous ways with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Our study proposes and evaluates a new approach to agri-input market segmentation based on the farmer buying behavior - Brand loyalty, price sensitivity and response to market interventions. The study included farmers (marginal, small, medium and large) from different social, geographical and agro-climatic regions. The findings of the study would useful for the agri-input suppliers/marketers for developing better marketing mix strategies for different conditions of market and production orientations.