jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inverted Sine Carrier Pulse Width Modulation for Fundamental Fortification in DC-AC Converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with a novel natural sampled pulse width modulation (PWM) switching strategy for voltage source inverter (VSI) through carrier wave modification. The proposed inverted sine carrier PWM (ISCPWM) method uses a sinusoidal reference signal and an inverted sine carrier which has better spectral quality and higher output limit as compared to the conventional sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), without any pulse dropping. The ISCPWM strategy reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) without hampering device switching losses. It also enhances the fundamental output voltage particularly at lower modulation index. The paper also presents mathematical analysis to bring out the salient features of the proposed scheme. The detailed comparison of ISCPWM and SPWM has been also presented.
Comparison of selective media for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni/coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A comparison of Skirrow's, Butzler's, Blaser's, Campy-BAP and Preston media for Campylobacter spp was made using human, animal and environmental specimens. Butzler's medium gave the lowest isolation rate and Preston medium, which was the most selective, the highest isolation rate. Enrichment culture using Preston enrichment broth gave a higher isolation rate than direct plating onto Preston medium.
Bordered Magic Squares Multiples of 13

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

During past years author worked with bordered magic squares of even number blocks. These are based on equal sums magic squares of orders 4, 6, 8, 10, etc. This type of work is an extension of classical bordered magic squares. In case of multiples of 4, the extension is made for pandiagonal magic squares. The work is extended for the multiples of orders 6, 8, etc. Recently, author worked on odd number multiples of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. These are based on different sums of magic squares of order 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. This work is for multiples of 13. This we have done with 25 different types of magic squares of order 13. This work brings only up to magic squares of order 52 multiples of 13. Higher order examples can be seen in Excel files attached with the work. The total work is up to magic squares of order 130.
Amniotic band associated with human tail-like cutaneous appendage and spinal dermoid tumor: An exceedingly rare triad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The association between amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and spinal dysraphism is an extremely rare entity that was paucity reported in the literature so far and similar conditions such multiple asymmetric encephaloceles and anencephaly were also previously described with ABS. Methods: In this case report, we described a male newborn in whom ABS was associated with human tail and lumbar dysraphism. A surgical approach was performed with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in which the tail and amniotic band were en bloc resected with favorable outcome. Dermoid tumor was identified by histopathological analysis Conclusion: The occurrence of spinal dysraphism combined with ABS should be managed carefully in order to avoid spinal cord damage. provides very good results for a number of indications in children. Every effort should be made to optimize the selection of surgical candidates on the basis of their clinical features.
Does the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Contribute to the Effects of Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and Ethanol?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To the Editor: Eger et al. (1) and Solt et al. (2) recently documented the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor producing immobilization in response to inhaled anesthetics. They concluded that NMDA does not mediate immobility caused by inhaled anesthetics. This is consistent with our findings in NMDA receptor ε1 subunit knockout mice, which did not affect sensitivity to isoflurane and sevoflurane as assessed by loss of the righting reflex (3,4). Because ethanol and volatile anesthetics depress currents evoked by glutamate application by actions independent of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)A and glycine receptors in the spinal cord (1), do NMDA receptor blockers, such as dizocilpine [MK-801] and (R)-4-(3-phosphonopropyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid [CPP], decrease the MAC of ethanol in their experimental conditions? Yuki Sato, MD, PhD Norimasa Seo, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology [email protected] Eiji Kobayashi, MD, PhD Division of Organ Replacement Research Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Tochigi, Japan
High temperature electrical characterization of nano-crystalline BaTiO3 synthesized using Ba(NO3)2 and TiO2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of Ba(NO3)2 with TiO2 was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques up to 1000°C and in nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the formation of BaTiO3 takes place above 600°C. BaTiO3 powder was prepared by calcination of Ba(NO3)2 and TiO2 precursor mixture at 800°C for 8 h. X-ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized BaTiO3 confirmed the formation of tetragonal phase. Average crystallite size was found to be 44 nm, For the electrical and morphological characterization pellets of the obtained powder were sintered at 1000 °C for 12 h. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) exhibits spherical and rod shaped grains. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor, complex plane impedance and ac conductivity of the sintered pellet has been measured in the temperature range of 40–600°C and frequency range of 100 Hz–2 MHz. DC conductivity of the sample was obtained from the impedance data. The conductivities (both ac and dc) and relaxation time (τ) exhibit two regions of temperature dependence, namely region I, which represents (280–450°C) and region II, which governs (450-600°C). Conduction and relaxation in both the temperature regions are explained in terms of hopping of electrons and doubly ionized oxygen vacancies (VO••).
Breeding Structure of the Japanese Brown Cattle Population in Kumamoto Prefecture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

褐毛和種育種集団について,1955年から1990年までの繁殖構造の分析を行なった.その主な結果は次のとおりであった.1) 全近交係数(平均近交係数)は1955年の0.83%から1990年の3.36%へと2.53%増加した.2) 平均血縁係数は1955年の0.89%から1990年の4.21%に増加し,阿蘇および球磨地域において高い値を示した.3) 分化指数(F/F')は1より大きく評価され,地域的または系統的分化が生じていることが推測された,4) 集団の有効な大きさは1966年に1955年の約50%に縮小し,1975年には約2倍に拡大,1985年に約50%に縮小した.種畜の地域間での移出入は行なわれている.5) 特定種雄牛の遺伝的寄与率では,重玉および光浦号の寄与が大きく,父牛系統の割合では重玉系が64.9%,光浦系が23.4%を占めた.6) この35年間,繁殖構造上,地域内での分化もみられ,集団としては均質化の傾向はみられない.
Beyond Campaign Finance: The First Amendment Implications of Nixon v. Shrink Missouri PAC

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay, however, is less concerned with the campaign finance aspects of Shrink than with the decision's broader implications. In the course of its decision, the Shrink Court not only obfuscated the standard of scrutiny applicable to contribution regulations, it effectively ignored the government's lack of factual support for the law, instead accepting the state's assertions at face-value. Consequently, Shrink is far more than a simple application of Buckley. Rather, it reflects fundamental problems with the Court's standards of review in First Amendment cases generally. The more global nature of Shrink's problems suggest that, despite scholarly focus on the Buckley framework, more than just campaign finance reform is at stake.Part I of this Essay discusses legal background, focusing first on the Court's decision in Buckley and then on the Shrink litigation. Part II itemizes Shrink's flaws, ultimately concluding that those flaws cannot be attributed solely to Buckley. Finally, Part III examines the Court's standards of scrutiny in First Amendment cases and argues that Shrink results at least in part from flaws found in those standards.
Spin-entangled squeezed state on a Bloch four-hyperboloid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Bloch hyperboloid $H^2$ underlies the quantum geometry of the original\n$SO(2,1)$ squeezed states. In \\cite{Hasebe-2019}, the author utilized a\nnon-compact 2nd Hopf map and a Bloch four-hyperboloid $H^{2,2}$ to explore an\n$SO(2,3)$ extension of the squeezed states. In the present paper, we further\npursue the idea to derive an $SO(4,1)$ version of squeezed vacuum based on the\nother Bloch four-hyperboloid $H^4$. We show that the obtained $SO(4,1)$\nsqueezed vacuum is a particular four-mode squeezed state not quite similar to\nthe previous $SO(2,3)$ squeezed vacuum. In view of the Schwinger's formulation\nof angular momentum, the $SO(4,1)$ squeezed vacuum is interpreted as a\nsuperposition of an infinite number of maximally entangled spin-pairs of all\ninteger spins. We clarify basic properties of the $SO(4,1)$ squeezed vacuum,\nsuch as von Neumann entropy of spin entanglement, spin correlations and\nuncertainty relations with emphasis on their distinctions to the original\n$SO(2,1)$ case.\n
N‐Cadherin Juxtacrine Signaling Maintains Blood Brain Barrier and Cognitive Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) consists of a specialized microvasculature with highly restricted permeability to both low and high molecular weight proteins. The BBB plays a critical role in maintaining tissue‐fluid homeostasis and preventing blood‐to‐brain paracellular diffusion of plasma components that can cause neuronal dysfunction. The BBB is composed of brain endothelial cells (BEC), which physically interact with pericytes at the basement membrane. BECs and pericytes express N‐cadherin, which forms homophilic adhesions to establish cross‐communications between these cell types. The role of N‐cadherin in the BBB is not well understood. We have demonstrated that an endothelial specific deletion of N‐cadherin gene ( Cdh2 ) in mice resulted in increased permeability of the BBB in a size dependent manner, suggesting that N‐cadherin juxtacrine signaling in endothelial cells restricts BBB permeability. These changes in the BBB permeability were not associated with pericyte loss since we observed an increase in capillary coverage by pericytes in the cerebral cortex in these mice. To gain a holistic picture of N‐cadherin juxtacrine signaling in maintenance of the BBB, we utilized N‐cadherin biomimetic surfaces to induce signaling in a cell culture model. We found that Trio, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor consisting of two GEFs, is recruited to N‐cadherin adhesions to induce Rac1 signaling through activation of GEF1. Genetic studies in humans provide a causal link between a deficiency of Trio GEF1 activity and neurodevelopmental diseases such as intellectual disability, suggesting that increased vascular leakage and associated neurotoxicity impairs cognitive function. Therefore, we tested whether N‐cadherin deficient mice exhibited cognitive deficit. Using the Morris water navigation task, we demonstrated that loss of N‐cadherin in endothelial cells results in a deficit in spatial learning and memory. This difference to control mice became indistinguishable with age, suggesting that deficiency of N‐cadherin juxtacrine signaling may be an underlying cause for cognitive dysfunction in the elderly population. Hence, mice lacking Cdh2 gene in endothelial cells may serve as an animal model to study vascular leakage and cognitive function in aging. Support or Funding Information NIH T32 HL027829, NIH R01 HL103922 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Parental Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Predominates Over Coinfected SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta, Producing Less Lethal Variants in a Long‐Term Replication Mouse Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2, which limits public control and treatment, seems to have occurred through multiple mechanisms, including recombination of cocirculating strains in hosts. However, insufficient experimental data have been obtained after coinfection. Therefore, we investigated the emergence of variants after coinfection with parental SARS‐CoV‐2 and the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta. We found that fewer (approximately 50%) mutations accumulated in Calu‐3 cells than in other cells after serial passaging. Previously, we established a long‐term replication mouse model by infecting Calu‐3 cell‐derived xenograft tumors with SARS‐CoV‐2. Here, we utilized our model to investigate the outcome after coinfection. More diverse viral mutations, along with multiple high‐frequency simultaneous mutations, were discovered in the tumors than during cell passaging. Viral isolates from the tumors showed no cytopathic effects and formed much smaller plaques. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the genetic makeup of the variants remained largely the same as that of parental SARS‐CoV‐2 rather than the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta. Viral challenge revealed that the isolates were less lethal than the parental SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta strains. These findings suggest that parental SARS‐CoV‐2 predominates over the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta when coinfected, but the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta contributes to the evolution of parental SARS‐CoV‐2 variants toward better host adaptation without recombination.
Analysis of the difference in perception between participants in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province education on the purpose of vocational high school education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

이 연구의 목적은 제주 지역 직업계고 교육의 목적 설정에 필요한 제주특별자치도 교육 참여 주체 간의 인식 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 각 집단의 인식에 대한 조사 결과를 의미분별법을 활용하여 정리하였고, 직업교육 목적의 각 의미에 대한 인식 수준을 그래프로 표현하여 비교하였으며 일원배치분산분석을 통해 집단 간 차이를 검증하였다. 이 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제주특별자치도 직업계고 교육의 목적에 대하여 지역 내 교육 참여 주체는 직무수행을 위한 전문성 함양을 강조하는 방향이 중요하다고 인식하는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 제주특별자치도 직업계고 교육은 관련 분야의 전문성과 함께 범용성이 있는 일반적 역량을 기를 수 있는 내용으로 구성되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 “교육을 바라보는 높은 수준의 관점 전환”이 필요하다. 보통교과와 전문교과를 양분하기 보다는 통합적으로 연결할 수 있는 방향 정립을 위한 노력이 요구된다. 융합적, 자율적 학습 경험이 필수적인 시대인 만큼 특정분야에 대한 전문성과 일반적 역량이 상호 유기적으로 조화를 이루어 이상과 현실의 간극을 좁히려는 교육을 지향해야 한다. 셋째, 제주특별자치도 지역 내 산업분야의 빠른 변화 속에서도 직업계고의 전문교과 교육이 그 효용성과 가치를 확보하기 위하여 제주특별자치도와 제주특별자치도 교육청 차원에서의 산학협력 지원 체제 마련이 필요하다. 그리고 제주특별자치도 직업계고 학생, 직업계고 교사, 중학생 학부모 모두 졸업 후 바로 활용할 수 있는 구체적 기술의 습득에 대한 중요성을 높게 인식하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 교육 참여 주체의 요구를 직업계고 교육에 충분히 반영하기 위해서는 산업기술의 최신 트렌드를 지속적으로 반영할 수 있는 제주특별자치도 지역 직업계고 산학협력 체제의 마련이 필요하다.The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in perception between participants in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province education on the purpose of vocational high school education. The results of the survey on the perception of each group were organized using the semantic discrimination method, and the level of perception of each meaning for vocational education purposes was expressed and compared in a graph. In addition, it was verified through one-way batch variance analysis to confirm the statistical significance level of differences between each group. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, for the purpose of vocational high school education, it was confirmed that respondents perceived the importance of emphasizing the cultivation of expertise for job performance. Most of the respondents highly recognized the importance of acquiring specific skills necessary for employment after graduation, and the importance of specialized subjects was higher than that of ordinary subjects. In addition, it was confirmed that the perception of professional curriculum education recognized the importance of practice relatively very high than theory, and thus the importance of cultivating expertise for job performance after employment. Second, vocational high school education should consist of content that can develop general competencies with general purpose along with expertise in related fields. For this, it is necessary to “change the perspective of a high level of education”(Jeong Yeon-jae, 2019). Efforts are required to establish directions that can be integrally connected rather than dividing ordinary and professional subjects. As convergent and autonomous learning experiences are essential, education should be aimed at narrowing the gap between ideal and reality by organically harmonizing expertise and general competencies in specific fields.
The effect of fatty acids on the metabolism of lactic acid streptococci: I. Inhibition of bacterial growth and proteolysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The early loss of viability of Streptococcus cremoris strain C 13 in Cheddar cheese was investigated. The growth of this strain was markedly inhibited by cheese extracts containing unesterified fatty acids of which oleic acid was the major inhibitory constituent active against the coccus. This acid was found to accumulate in cheese early in the ripening process and may be responsible for the early loss of viability of strain C 13 in cheese. Early loss of viability of a starter organism in cheese could result in a low peptidase activity by limiting the number of bacterial cells present. The subsequent accumulation of unhydrolysed bitter peptides would produce a bitter flavour.
Solution structure of the PsIAA4 oligomerization domain reveals interaction modes for transcription factors in early auxin response

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or auxin) is indispensable during the entire plant life cycle and regulates diverse processes and transitions via hierarchical gene expression. The hormone triggers rapid destruction of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) repressors that control AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) activators in auxin-regulated gene transcription. AUX/IAA and ARF proteins interact physically via their C-terminal Phox and Bem1p (PB1) domain, which is shared between both families. This work reports the solution structure of a wild-type AUX/IAA PB1 domain and identifies amino acid residues that engage in directional interaction of monomers, largely via hydrogen bonds between conserved basic and acidic surface patches. Our study provides a framework for unraveling molecular determinants that confer specificity to complex interactions between AUX/IAA and ARF transcription factors.
PROCESSING SALES OF THE AUTOMOBILE DEALER CENTER ON THE BASIS OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing sales volumes increase the importance of processing means, most part of which is constructed on the principles of Knowledge Discovery in Databases. That is why the problem of choosing the optimum schemes of storage and processing of an OLAP cubes appears relevant. The structure of analytical system of the automobile dealer center has been provided. The structure of data storage and the complex of models of sales processing of the automobile dealer center have been developed. The technique of the sales analysis of the car dealer center has been formulated.
Evaluating the Bilingual Education Program in Warlpiri schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Bilingual Education Program in the Northern Territory was established in 1973 to deliver an effective education to students in remote Indigenous schools. In 2008, the NT Government closed the Program, citing low student achievement in English literacy as its rationale. This chapter evaluates the program according to a wider set of criteria, with particular focus on the Warlpiri schools. It considers the training of local staff, community involvement in schools, the development of curriculum, and extensive literature and linguistic documentation. These criteria are not prominent in government evaluations, yet are identified in national and international literature as key to achieving student outcomes (UNESCO 2008a, 2008b; Silburn et al. 2011) and echo priorities expressed by Indigenous adults involved in education.
Discovering pathways to autism spectrum disorder by using \nfunctional and integrative genomics approaches to assess monozygotic twin differences

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder typified \nby deficits in social communication and stereotyped behaviours. Despite evidence \nof a strong genetic basis to the disorder, molecular studies have thus far had little \nsuccess in identifying risk variants or other biomarkers, and presently there is \nno unified pathomechanistic explanation. Monozygotic (MZ) twins show incomplete \nconcordance in autistic traits, which suggests that alternative risk pathways \ninvolving non-shared environmental (NSE) factors could also have an important \nrole to play in ASD. In this thesis, we describe microarray and RNA-seq studies \ncharacterising gene expression in a sample of 53 ASD MZ twin pairs from TEDS. \nThe overall aims were to: 1) establish convergent evidence for genes and pathways \ninvolved in the etiology of ASD comparing affected and unaffected subjects \nacross the sample 2) to identify those responsive to the environment by examining \ndifferences within the discordant pairs. We found a number of genes were differentially \nexpressed including DEPDC1B - the most significant finding in cases \nvs controls, which also showed consistent down regulation within pairs. We further \nidentified IGHG4, IGHG3, IGHV3-66, HSPA8P14, HSPA13, SLC15A2, and \nfound that these results were enriched for transcriptional control, immune, and \nPI3K/AKT signalling pathways. We suggest that as these were found to be perturbed \nin the discordant twins, they could represent ASD risk pathways sensitive \nto the NSE. Next, we investigated integrative genomics methods for performing \nmeta-dimensional analysis using the expression data along with methylation data \non the same cohort. After applying regression-based joint analysis methods, and \nmeta-analysis p-value combination methods to our datasets, a number of genes \nobtained nominal significance across the datasets, including potential genes of interest: \nNLGN2, UBE3A, OXTR. We suggest these represent genes with evidence for \nbeing functionally relevant to ASD.
Distributed Energy Resource Exploitation through Co-Optimization of Power System and Data Centers with Uncertainties during Demand Response

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a robust bi-level co-optimization model that promotes the active participation of Internet Data Centers (IDCs) in demand response (DR) programs, thereby enhancing the flexibility of power systems. Our approach involves leveraging virtual power lines to migrate workloads among IDCs, optimizing resource allocations, and benefiting both domains. The model incorporates a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)-constructed DR price–amount curve, which largely contributes to the simplification of the optimization problem with high accuracy and computational efficiency. It also respects the information barriers between the two domains of power systems and IDCs, and thus safeguards the privacy and flexibility of IDCs. The uncertainty in IDC operations is considered by incorporating the variance in GPR into the demand response curve. By integrating IDCs as DR resources, the framework of this research enhances the flexibility of power systems and the efficiency of cross-domain co-optimization. The model and algorithm are validated using modified IEEE test systems.
Distributed Low-Interaction Honeypot System to Detect Botnets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this research is to detect the existence of botnets in the monitored network by designing a distributed low-interaction honeypot, and to provide clues from the detection for the threat evaluation by botnets propagation estimation. A distributed framework of nepenthes honeypots is built to collect as more as possible malware samples. These samples are analyzed firstly by features via antivirus scan, then by behavior via two online sandboxes. The configuration of Nepenthes is optimized to improve the capture efficiency.