jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Explorer Robot with Peristaltic Crawling Mechanism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, unmanned planetary explorations have received a lot of attention in the world. Direct exploration missions to land softly and traverse on the surface of the moon or other planets have been studied and planned in the world. Japan has earnestly studied lunar lander-rover missions. In these missions, it is required to conduct in-situ analysis of geological samples and deploy devices for measurement and observation. Recently deep drillers or penetrating systems have been required to obtain deep data for subsurface exploration. In lunar or planetary missions, it is needed to excavate the regolith layer, which covers the lunar surface, in depth of several meters. This paper, describes lunar or planetary mission scenarios and scientific requirements. A detailed surface and subsurface exploration by a mobile explorer is presented. Then this paper proposes a worm-typed drilling robot which is maneuverable in regolith by peristaltic crawling and the developed earth auger. A new mechanism to move forward in the soil is described. A propulsion unit using dual pantographs with a large area of an expansion plate is developed. The drilling function is studied by analyses and some experiments. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed robot.
Deepening Our Students’ Appreciation of Others: Using Multicultural Field Experience in an Online Education Course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This qualitative research project investigated the self-reported outcomes of an academic community engagement project completed by graduate teacher education students who tutored EC-12 children enrolled in Texas public schools.A document discourse analysis was conducted, and validity is preserved through use of contextualized quotes from student papers.The authors discuss their findings of student language related to describing their tutees and their experiences as well as reflections on professional growth.Unintended outcomes such as expressing elitism and over-correcting bias are also discussed.The authors conclude that despite unintended consequences, this and similar academic community engagement projects have a positive impact on teacher education students' dispositions toward diverse students and with careful, planned implementation can benefit the servant and the served.
ScaleNet: A Shallow Architecture for Scale Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating scale factors between images. We formulate the scale estimation problem as a prediction of a probability distribution over scale factors. We design a new architecture, ScaleNet, that exploits dilated convolutions as well as self and cross-correlation layers to predict the scale between images. We demonstrate that rectifying images with estimated scales leads to significant performance improvements for various tasks and methods. Specifically, we show how ScaleNet can be combined with sparse local features and dense correspondence networks to improve camera pose estimation, 3D reconstruction, or dense geometric matching in different benchmarks and datasets. We provide an extensive evaluation on several tasks and analyze the computational overhead of ScaleNet. The code, evaluation protocols, and trained models are publicly available at https://github.com/axelBarroso/ScaleNet.
Elderly people with hearing loss and cognitive decline: speech perception performance in noise

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the influence of verbal intellectual-cognitive skills on speech perception in noise, in elderly with sensorineural hearing loss, considering education, age, and degree of hearing loss. Methods 36 elderly between 60 and 89 years old with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. After psychological assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (WAIS-III), they were grouped into (GI) 24 elderly without cognitive alteration and (GII) 12 elderly with risk of cognitive alteration. They underwent otorhinolaryngological assessment, audiological interview, pure tone audiometry, and assessment of speech perception in noise using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT-Brazil). The Mann-Whitney U statistical test compared the results between the groups, and the Spearman correlation verified the variable's age, degree of hearing loss, and level of education. Results There was no difference between the groups in the ability to perceive speech in noise, except in the noise on the left condition, in which GII showed better performance in HINT-Brazil. The degree of hearing loss and level of education influenced the perception of speech in noise. The level of education was correlated with the WAIS-III results. Conclusion The decline in verbal intellectual-cognitive skills did not affect speech perception of noise in the elderly with hearing loss. The degree of hearing loss and level of education influenced the performance of the elderly in the speech perception test in noise. Performance in verbal cognitive skills varied according to the level of education.
Dental education development reflection from an objective structured clinical examination

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/purpose: Recently, dental education has put emphasis on the assessment of clinical competencies using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The purpose of this study was to assess several clinical competencies required for dental graduates by having dental students and residents of different levels take the same set of OSCEs. Materials and methods: Twelve 5th-grade dental students (D5), 12 dental interns (Ri), and 12 1st-year dental residents (R1) were recruited to take the same set of OSCEs composed of six stations: Station 1, explanation of a treatment plan for restoration of a missing tooth; Station 2, taking a study cast impression with alginate; Station 3, explanation of a treatment plan for restoration of an inlay; Station 4, explanation to a mother for taking a radiograph of her child's tooth; Station 5, placement of a rubber dam on a designated tooth and Station 6, explanation of pulpitis diagnosis and treatment. The examinee's performance was graded using both global rating and checklist scores. Results: There were significant differences in the mean global rating and checklist scores of Stations 3, 5, and 6 among the three groups. In Stations 3 and 5, Ri performed best, followed by R1 and D5. In Station 6, R1 performed best, followed by Ri and D5. In Stations 1, 2, and 4, there were no significant differences among the three groups. However, Ri performed better than R1 in Station 1. Conclusion: More emphasis should be placed on professional communication skills in the resident training program.
3D solid design algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of technology, it has become possible to use artificial intelligence in design and engineering, thanks to this, they are now beginning to introduce a completely new technology called generative design. Generative design is based on the use of artificial intelligence, which is able to generate and optimize three-dimensional models that meet the specified conditions. This technology is suitable for solving complex multi-criteria tasks. This article describes the methods, functions, and tasks that generative design uses and solves.
7 Legislating for Community Land Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Scottish Government recently reiterated its commitment to bring one million of Scotland's acres into community ownership by the end of 2020.The policy shift towards community ownership, and the legislation that accompanies that shift, is a relatively new development in the Scottish land law reform process, operating within a mature system of property law that has traditionally afforded a great deal of importance to the entitlements that flow from ownership.Legislative routes for communities to acquire land are set out in the Transfer of Crofting Estates (Scotland) Act 1997, the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, the Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act 2015, and the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2016.Whilst the 1997 Act is about communities in the Scottish Highlands and Islands acquiring crofting land that happens to be in public sector ownership in a manner that is mutually beneficial, and there are certain similar rights for communities to request assets from a range of public bodies in the 2015 Act, the net effect of the 2003, 2015 and 2016 legislation opens up four methods for a community to acquire land from a private owner, in a manner that (on the assumption the legislation is complied with) either: forces that owner to deal only with the community as and when the owner decides to sell; or forces that owner to sell to the community as and when the community wishes to acquire.
Effect of Heterostructure‐Modified Separator in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density and low cost are the most promising competitor in the next generation of new energy reserve devices. However, there are still many problems that hinder its commercialization, mainly including shuttle of soluble polysulfides, slow reaction kinetics, and growth of Li dendrites. In order to solve above issues, various explorations have been carried out for various configurations, such as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Among them, the separator in contact with both anode and cathode is in a particularly special position. Reasonable design‐modified material of separator can solve above key problems. Heterostructure engineering as a promising modification method can combine characteristics of different materials to generate synergistic effect at heterogeneous interface that is conducive to Li–S electrochemical behavior. This review not only elaborates the role of heterostructure‐modified separators in dealing with above problems, but also analyzes the improvement of wettability and thermal stability of separators by modification of heterostructure materials, systematically clarifies its advantages, and summarizes some related progress in recent years. Finally, future development direction of heterostructure‐based separator in Li–S batteries is given.
First-in-human, phase I study of AK109, an anti-VEGFR2 antibody, in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3021 Background: AK109 is a fully-human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), thereby block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2 signaling pathway to inhibit angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration and proliferation of tumor cells. This phase I study is the first-in-human trial of AK109, which was designed to evaluate safety, tolerability of AK109, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommend phase II dose (RP2D) and to gain preliminary data on pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity and clinical activity for AK109 in pts with advanced or metastatic solid tumors resistant to standard therapies (NCT04547205). Methods: This open-label, multi-center, phase I study included a dose escalation phase (part 1) using a 3+3 design to determine MTD and potential RP2D (n = 36 max), with planned dosing of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 18 mg/kg q2w and 15mg q3w, followed by a dose expansion phase (part 2), at 2 potential RP2Ds in q2w or q3w respectively (n = 24-30). The PK characteristics, dose limiting toxicity (DLT), adverse events per CTCAE 5.0 and efficacy (ORR, DCR, DoR, PFS per RECIST v1.1, OS, etc.) of AK109 were evaluated. Results: As of December 30 th , 2021 (median follow-up: 6.0 months), 40 pts (median age: 59.5 years) were enrolled, 16 pts in part 1 and 24 pts in part 2. No DLT was observed AK109 in part 1. Tumor types included gastric cancer (n = 9), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 8), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 8), colorectal cancer (n = 5), pancreatic carcinoma (n = 2) and oesophagus cancer (n = 2), etc. Preliminary PK analyses showed systemic exposure in C max and AUC last increased dose proportionally at doses of 8 mg/kg and above, with a mean half-life of 8.5 to 10 days. 12mg/kg q2w and 15mg/kg q3w were selected as RP2Ds. Average exposure of AK109 was 6.9 cycles. Eight pts received over 10 cycles of AK109. Treatment related adverse events(TRAE) occurred in 38 (95%) of all pts. Grade 3 and 4 TRAE occurred in 16 (40%) of all pts. The most common TRAEs were proteinuria (22/40, 55%), hypertension (13/40, 32.5%) and AST increased (11/40, 27.5%). Serious adverse event (SAE) occurred in 11 (27.5%) pts, 2 (5%) of which were AK109 related. ORR and DCR were 10.0% and 62.5%, respectively. The median PFS of non-small cell lung cancer (n = 8) and gastric cancer (n = 9) were 5.6 months (95% CI, 1.3, NE) and 5.5 months (95% CI, 1.4, NE), respectively. Conclusions: AK109 showed manageable safety and promising anti-tumor activity. Two phase II studies of AK109 combined with AK104 (anti PD-1/CTLA-4 bi-specific antibody) are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of AK109 combined with AK104 in patients with multiple solid tumors (NCT05142423, NCT04982276). Clinical trial information: NCT04547205.
Transcriptional analysis of the intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis in remission reveals lasting epithelial cell alterations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic condition characterised by the relapsing inflammation despite previous endoscopic and histological healing. Our objective was to identify the molecular signature associated with UC remission. Design We performed whole-genome transcriptional analysis of colonic biopsies from patients with histologically active and inactive UC, and non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) controls. Real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunostaining were used for validating selected genes in independent cohorts of patients. Results Microarray analysis (n=43) demonstrates that UC patients in remission present an intestinal transcriptional signature that significantly differs from that of non-IBD controls and active patients. Fifty-four selected genes were validated in an independent cohort of patients (n=30). Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. Expression of inflammation-related genes such as REG1A and IL8 returned to control levels during remission. REG4, S100P, SERPINB5 and REG1A protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (n=23). Conclusions Analysis of the gene signature associated with remission allowed us to unravel pathways permanently deregulated in UC despite histological recovery. Given the strong link between the regulation of some of these genes and the growth and dissemination of gastrointestinal cancers, we believe their aberrant expression in UC may provide a mechanism for epithelial hyper-proliferation and, in the context of malignant transformation, for tumour growth.
Improving NHS investigation of patient safety incidents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We discuss the deficiencies of current NHS patient safety investigation and specifically the need for independence and Human Factors training. We describe the theory behind a regional network approach to improving the quality of investigations, and the development of a pilot study. We report outcomes from the first three investigations and the learning gained from the experience of conducting the pilot study. We make recommendations for how this type of solution to the problem of adequate investigation could be further developed
Cytotoxicity of cationic liposomes coated by N‐trimethyl chitosan and their in vivo tumor angiogenesis targeting containing doxorubicin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded cationic liposomes (DOXL) coated by N ‐trimethyl chitosan (TMCs) has been previously shown to enhance DOX uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and the tumor inhibition on solid tumor in vivo , and the effects were both enhanced with the degree of quaternization (DQ) increase of TMCs. The aim of the present work is to study the cytotoxicity of the blank cationic liposomes (CLs) coated by TMCs with various DQ on L‐929 mouse fibroblasts, by MTT assay, using the relative proliferation rate as the indicator, and the toxicity extent was classified according to the evaluation criteria of United States Pharmacopoeia. Furthermore, the in vivo tumor angiogenesis targeting of DOXL coated by TMC60 was studied. It was found that with the increase of TMCs concentration and DQ, cytotoxicity was increased accordingly. However, the cell proliferation rates of TMCs‐coated CLs with TMCs concentrations of 0.02% and 0.05%(w/w) were all above 80%, even the concentration of TMC20 was increased to 0.2%(w/w), the cell proliferation rate was still above 80%, showing noncytotoxicity. The mouse H 22 tumor model was established by transplanted tumor experiment. In vivo fluorescence in tumor tissue was investigated through the tail vein injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated dextran at the 7th day after the administration of different DOX preparations. Compared with DOX solution and uncoated DOXL, the mice given TMC60‐coated DOXL showed tumor angiogenesis with good shape, uniform arrangement, and small vascular branches, and the vascular density was decreased, suggesting promising tumor angiogenesis targeting of TMC60‐coated DOXL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
CS: GO Skins Market Impact Factors Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Video games have become an indispensable part of some young people's lives over the years. This article will focus on the analysis of a game that is very popular all over the world: CS: GO. One of the main features of this game is the traceability of skins. One of the main features of this game is the traceability of the game skins, and because of this feature, the CS: GO Skin Market has been created. The market has many features similar to those of the financial market. The most important one is the volatility of the skin prices. Based on this, this article presents and analyzes the factors influencing the price of CS: GO skins.
A constant current high voltage capacitor charging power supply for pulsed power applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a power supply for a rapid pulsed power charging system designed for charging a 0.25 /spl mu/F capacitor up to 20 kV in approximately 3 ms. It is capable of charging the load capacitor at repetition rate of 300 pps. This power supply is based on a series resonant three phase inverter followed by step-up transformers. Experimental results carried out at different repetition rates and charging voltage are included along with the system descriptions.
Detection of Environmental Contaminants by RAPD Method

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RAPD technique is already extensively used for species classification, genetic mapping and phylogenetic study. In addition, their use in surveying genomic DNA for evidence of various types of DNA damage and mutation shows that RAPD-PCR may potentially constitute a biomarker assay for the detection of damage and mutational events in cell of bacteria, plants and animals. Being an effective investigation tool it is applied in genotoxicity, carcinogenesis studies and environmental toxicology research. Detection of genotoxic effects using RAPD involves the comparison of profiles generated from control and treated DNA. RAPD determines the genomic template stability which is related to level of DNA damage, so it helps in identification of various environmental pollutants with cytotoxic potential.
VIT D DEFICIENCY; DIVIDE TRIALS (DILEMA AT CIVIL OPD HYDERABAD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the outcome of vitamin deficiency in local populationof (Hyderabad), come with complaints of vague symptoms of body ache, bony pain with noco morbidity. Study design: cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: OutpatientDepartment of Liquat University Medical Science, Hyderabad. Period: 6-2-2013 to 6-2-2015.Methodology: This is observational cross sectional study conducted at out patient’s department(LUMHS) city Hyderabad from 6-2-13 to 6-2-2015. Preliminary data was collected with the helpof self-administered questionnaires which include patient’s history and examination and bloodsample is taken for assessing level of dehydrocholecalciferol with serum calcium and routinetest. Data entered in spss 20 version, analytical software were applied for results in this study.Result: This study is conducted in 300 pts, among these 60% female and 36.7% male and 3.3%missing. Patients selected through (OPD) with consent and preformed proforma. Vitamin ddeficiency found nearly 96%in all the patient from young age to old age 4% were missing, lessthan 10 level found in 24.7%(severe deficiency), 10-20 level seen 54.7%(moderate deficiency)and 20-30 found in 14.7% (mild deficiency). Conclusion: my results shows that ( vitaminD-deficiency) is big dilemma in our community, give rise mild, moderate and severe decreasedlevel which leads complication which causing rickets in children and osteomalcia in adults,increase mortality and morbidity in local population.
Visual and Optical Analyses of XM-29 and M-24 Protective Masks.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

USAARL was tasked to provide medical guidance and assessment relative to visual and optical aspects in the development of the XM-29 protective mask. In fulfillment of this responsibility, complete optical and visual tests have been completed on the new mask prior to its validation. To provide baseline and comparison information, identical optical testing was also performed on the M-24 aviator's protective mask, and visual performance testing was completed with the XM-29 mask, the M-24 mask, and unobstructed vision.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Analogues of KN62, a Potent Antagonist of the P2X7‐Receptor.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study on the Mechanisms of Synthesis and Accumulation of Rubber in the Leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a tree indigenous to China. E. ulmoides rubber (EU rubber) is a type of white filamentous natural polymer occurring in the bark, seed coat, and leaf of the plant. In order to increase EU rubber production, the mechanisms of its synthesis and accumulation were studied. The results are as follows. The network structure of the rubber filament coincides with that of the leaf veins, the length and density of the rubber-bearing cells are in significant positive correlation with the rubber content in the leaf (leaf area, however, is in significant negative correlation with the length and density of the rubber-bearing cells and rubber content in the leaf), the absolute content of the rubber in a leaf is the highest when the leaves mature completely (May to June), and the rubber content in different organs of the plant is in the following decreasing order: seed coat > bark > leaf. Therefore, choosing an appropriate period (June) to collect the leaves, selecting and breeding varieties with small leaf area, and using seeds comprehensively are biological approaches to increase EU rubber production.