jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gravity, radiation, and coflow effects on partially premixed flames

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Our objective is to characterize gravity effects on the structure of laminar methane–air partially premixed flames through detailed simulations. We examine the heat loss due to radiation from similar flames that are established at various gravitational accelerations and coflow velocities. Radiation is modeled using the optically thin assumption that provides a limiting value for the radiation heat transfer. We have validated the simulations with measurements in a representative 1-g flame. The predictions are in good agreement with the measured reaction zone topologies and temperature distributions. The simulations show that when the gravitational acceleration for a representative 1-g partially premixed double flame is instantaneously decreased to zero, it is possible to establish a nearly steady 0-g flame in roughly 2.2 s. The overall effect of radiation on the structure of the 1-g flame is relatively insignificant in contrast to the corresponding 0-g flame. Due to radiation effects, the heights of both the inner premixed and outer nonpremixed reaction zones in the 0-g double flame increase, and the heat release rate intensity near the premixed reaction zone tip decreases. When radiation effects are not included in the simulations, the peak temperatures are nearly the same for the 1-g and 0-g flames. However, with radiation the difference in these temperatures is significant. The decrease in the peak temperature due to radiation for the 0-g flame is nearly five times larger than for the 1-g flame. The value of the radiation fraction for 0-g flames without coflow can be as large as 50%, although it drops significantly in the presence of a coflow. While the flowfields upstream of the inner premixed reaction zone are nearly identical for 1-g and 0-g double flames, they are markedly different in the regions between the two reaction zones as well as downstream of the outer nonpremixed reaction zone. The maximum flame temperatures and local heat-release rates increase as the gravitational acceleration increases, while the radiation fractions and inner flame heights decrease. The flickering frequency also increases from 14.7 Hz at 1-g to 41.4 Hz at 10-g and follows the correlation St∝Fr−0.57 that is in accord with a previous compilation of normal gravity data. The radiation Damköhler number is inversely proportional to the Froude number. The radiation fraction decreases with increasing coflow, and the differences between the maximum flame temperatures and heat-release rates for 1-g and 0-g flames become less pronounced. Results for triple flames are in accord with those for double flames.
Targeting endogenous analgesia systems for endometriosis treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the growth of endometrium in extrauterine locations and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, emotional distress and loss of working ability. Current clinical management provides unsatisfactory outcomes. Thus, the development of more effective therapeutic strategies is still an unmet clinical need, and their development relies on the establishment of animal models that recapitulate the features of endometriosis. The present Thesis has characterized a surgical model of endometriosis that shows nociceptive, affective-like behaviors and impaired cognition, reproducing the symptoms observed in endometriosis patients. In this model of endometriosis, natural cannabinoids alleviate nociceptive behaviors, restore cognitive function and inhibit the development of endometriotic growths. A kappa opioid receptor agonist also shows pain-relieving properties in this model, although affective and cognitive disturbances persist regardless of the pain alleviation. A minimally invasive model of endometriosis that also mimics the symptoms of human endometriosis revealed that minimal endometriosis leads to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system.
Impulsive Noise Robust Sparse Recovery via Continuous Mixed Norm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the problem of sparse signal recovery in the presence of additive impulsive noise. The heavytailed impulsive noise is well modelled with stable distributions. Since there is no explicit formulation for the probability density function of $SαS$ distribution, alternative approximations like Generalized Gaussian Distribution (GGD) are used which impose $\ell_p$-norm fidelity on the residual error. In this paper, we exploit a Continuous Mixed Norm (CMN) for robust sparse recovery instead of $\ell_p$-norm. We show that in blind conditions, i.e., in case where the parameters of noise distribution are unknown, incorporating CMN can lead to near optimal recovery. We apply Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) for solving the problem induced by utilizing CMN for robust sparse recovery. In this approach, CMN is replaced with a surrogate function and Majorization-Minimization technique is incorporated to solve the problem. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method compared to some recent algorithms in the literature for impulsive noise robust sparse recovery.
Animal Rennets as Sources of Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The microbial composition of artisan and industrial animal rennet pastes was studied by using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. Pyrosequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene allowed to identify 361 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to the genus/species level. Among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Streptococcus thermophilus and some lactobacilli, mainly Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus reuteri , were the most abundant species, with differences among the samples. Twelve groups of microorganisms were targeted by viable plate counts revealing a dominance of mesophilic cocci. All rennets were able to acidify ultrahigh-temperature-processed (UHT) milk as shown by pH and total titratable acidity (TTA). Presumptive LAB isolated at the highest dilutions of acidified milks were phenotypically characterized, grouped, differentiated at the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis, and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Only 18 strains were clearly identified at the species level, as Enterococcus casseliflavus , Enterococcus faecium , Enterococcus faecalis , Enterococcus lactis , Lactobacillus delbrueckii , and Streptococcus thermophilus , while the other strains, all belonging to the genus Enterococcus , could not be allotted into any previously described species. The phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains might represent different unknown species. All strains were evaluated for their dairy technological performances. All isolates produced diacetyl, and 10 of them produced a rapid pH drop in milk, but only 3 isolates were also autolytic. This work showed that animal rennet pastes can be sources of LAB, mainly enterococci, that might contribute to the microbial diversity associated with dairy productions.
Tamoxifen-encapsulated vesicular systems: cytotoxicity evaluation in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim: Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator indicated in the treatment of breast cancer. Apoptosis has been reported to be a major mechanism for its antitumor effect. Tamoxifen has also shown significant potential in treating various dermatological disorders including psoriasis, characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. An endeavor was made in the current studies to investigate the potency of vesicle-encapsulated tamoxifen on human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines. Methods: Drug was encapsulated in the phospholipid-based vesicular systems, namely, conventional liposomes and flexible-membrane liposomes. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of the formulations was carried out employing MTT cell proliferation assay. Results: A composition-dependent strong inhibition in the viability of epidermal keratinocyte cells was observed. Conclusion: The encouraging findings of this work construe immense potential of the tamoxifen-encapsulated vesicular systems in the management of psoriasis.
How Indonesia’s election puts global biodiversity at stake with an impending war on palm oil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Almost overnight, Jokowi has transformed from an environmental good-guy — someone who’s battled destructive wildfires and noxious haze, tried to slow palm oil expansion and promoted several other eco-smart measures — into a nationalistic mouthpiece for \nthe oil palm industry. Let’s hope this ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ transformation of Jokowi is temporary — a kind of fleeting election madness that overtakes many politicians in the heat of battle. If not, Indonesia’s forests and the endangered species living in them will be at even more risk.
Evolution of photosynthesis I: basic leaf morphological traits and diffusion and photosynthetic structures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The photochemical and biochemical processes that utilise solar energy for the synthesis of complex organic molecules have been on Earth for more than 3.5 billion years (Blankenship, 1992). The original photosynthetic mechanisms are thought to have been similar to those of contemporary cyanobacteria, with an oxygen-evolving photosystem that was responsible for the oxygenation of our early atmosphere, although physical processes have also been suggested (Kump, 2008). Evidence of the ancient origins of photosynthesis is seen in the fossil records of stromatolites of Western Australia (Awramik, 1992). Molecular studies show that it is increasingly more likely that photosynthesis evolved after chemolithotrophy (Xiong and Bauer, 2002). The evolutionary path of type-I and type-II reaction-centre systems remains unresolved and there is some debate on whether the earliest O2-producing cyanobacteria used water or bicarbonate as the terminal reductant that led to an aerobic atmosphere (Dismukes et al., 2001). There is evidence that the reaction giving rise to molecular oxygen, and responsible for our contemporary aerobic atmosphere, arose only once and the structural characteristics of its catalytic centre and its mechanism have been conserved ever since (Barber, 2008a,b). The origin of this oxygenic photosynthesis is under debate, with some authors suggesting an origin as early as 3.8 GA (Buick, 2008).
Heritability and genetic advance for yield, flowering and plant height following a sorghum cross

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The F2 and F3 generations of CK60A X PJ8K were studied. Heritability estimates and estimates of genetic advance were high for plant height. Moderate estimates of genetic advance and heritability were obtained for grain yield. High estimates of heritability and low estimates of expected genetic advance were obtained for number of days to flowering.
Study on the Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound of Volatile Oils in Jiketing Granula

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To study optimum inclusion process conditions for volatile oils from Jiketing Granula. METHOD:The study was carried out using orthogonal design. The process conditions were studied by determining the utilization ratio of volatile oils and yield of inclusion compound. The inclusion compound was identified by thermograms of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). RESULT: The optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were established as follows: volatile oils∶β CD was 1∶10,and β CD∶water was 1∶12. The inclusion temperature and time were at 40 ℃ and 3 h. The utilization ratio of volatile oils is 90%,and the yield of inclusion compound is 86 5%.CONCLUSION:The method could transform liquid into the solid in order to decrease the volatilization of the volatile oils so that it could easily to prepare and could be used for producting β CD on a large scale.
Effects of cyclosporine on renal function following orthotopic heart transplantation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The early and late nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine was examined in 23 orthotopic heart transplant recipients and two heart-lung transplant recipients up to four years after the operation. Cyclosporine was given orally pre-operatively and intravenously for the first two to five days after the operation. Subsequent daily oral therapy, in two divided doses, was adjusted to maintain serum trough levels in the range of 150 vg/ml to 200 vg/ml. By six months after the transplantation, the trough level was reduced to approximately 100 vg/ml. The mean pre-operative creatinine was 119 +/- 27 microM/L. After the operation there was transient oliguria in all patients, the mean peak creatinine (251 +/- 104 microM/L) occurring on days two to five. By day eight, creatinine (138 +/- 68 microM/L) was not significantly different from the pre-operative value. The maximal cyclosporine trough level (479 +/- 216 vg/ml) was also seen on days two to five and declined (195 +/- 53 vg/ml) on day ten. Despite the temporal association, linear regression analysis demonstrated no correlation between the early increase in creatinine and the cyclosporine level. There was, however, a correlation between the pre-operative creatinine and the peak post-operative creatinine. Two patients required dialysis but no death could be attributed to renal failure. By six months after the operation, serum creatinine had increased to 145 +/- 53 microM/ml and thereafter, with gradual reduction in cyclosporine dosage serum creatinine levels stabilized at 197 +/- 97 mu/mL at two years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prediction of lifetime yield traits from lactation traits in graded Murrah buffaloes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data on 200 graded Murrah buffaloes spreading over 31 years (1939-1969) taken from the Military Dairy farms located at Ferozpur and Jalandhar, were utilzed for the prediction of lifetime performance from lactation traits using them in sequential manner. R 2 values of prediction equations increased from 42% (When first lactation traits were used) to 96% (when traits of first 4 lactations were used). It was suggested that the prediction of lifetime performance with more than 90% accuracy should include performance traits of first 4 lactations.
Collaborative Bioassay for Chick Edema Factor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Collaborative Bioassay for Chick Edema Factor Get access Carl D Douglass, Carl D Douglass Division of Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington 25, D.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Donald F Flick Donald F Flick Division of Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington 25, D.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 44, Issue 3, 1 August 1961, Pages 449–456, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/44.3.449a Published: 01 February 2020
18F-FDG PET/computed tomography may predict the outcome of newly diagnosed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients managed with initial ‘watch-and-wait’ approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in the outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients managed with initial ‘watch-and-wait’ treatment. Methods Sixteen patients with newly diagnosed NHL treated with initial watchful waiting were retrospectively recruited. They had a baseline 18 F-FDG PET/CT and at least one follow-up PET/CT. The standard uptake values (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesions glycolysis (TLG) of lymphoma were measured in PET/CT. They were followed up for at least 2 years or until disease progression. The endpoint was the time to initiation of lymphoma treatment (TLT). Results Comparing the baseline and the follow-up PET/CT, four out of 16 patients showed spontaneous regression of lymphoma, three of the 16 patients had stable disease and the remaining nine of the 16 patients had progressive disease in the follow-up PET/CT. After a median follow-up of 32 months (range 14–90 months), 10/16 patients had progressive disease and chemotherapy was initiated. The median TLT was 21.0 months. In univariate analysis, MTV and TLG in baseline PET/CT were significant to predict TLT. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a statistical difference for TLT in the two groups of patients stratified by MTV or TLG at baseline (median TLT, 66.0 months vs. 12.0 months, P = 0.007). However, patients’ age, Ann Arbor staging, International Prognostic Index and SUVmax were not significant. Conclusion A proportion of patients with NHL might experience spontaneous regression of lymphoma. 18 F-FDG PET/CT turned out as a prognostic factor for TLT in patients with NHL under watchful waiting.
Early mobilisation using a mobile patient lift in the intensive care unit: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction It is important to prevent the deterioration of activities of daily living to improve the long-term prognoses of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The patients’ conditions, along with the lack of human and technical resources, often become barriers to achieving early mobilisation after the introduction of mechanical ventilation. We plan to verify the usefulness of a mobile patient lift for early mobilisation. Methods and analysis We will conduct a single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. The inclusion criteria are as follows: age ≥18 years, independent walking before admission and expected mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours. The participants will be randomly divided into groups with (intervention group) or without (control group) a mobile lift protocol. A mobile lift will be used in the intervention group. The primary endpoint will be the number of days required to achieve an ICU mobility scale of ≥4 (standing position). The results of the two groups will be analysed using the Student’s t-test. Ethics and dissemination This study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the Toho University Omori Medical Center Ethics Committee (approval number M20259). The results of this study will be presented internationally at academic conferences and published in the literature. Trial registration number UMIN000044965.
Color difference of four esthetic restorative materials by the illuminant.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In curves of spectral reflectance, the curves were in the similar range of reflectance (%) except glass ionomer. Changes in lightness were low (0.42-1.27), and changes in chroma were 0.26-2.23 for both conditions. These values were different by the kind of materials. The magnitude of the changes in hue angle was the most prominent in both conditions and was significantly different by the illuminants of A and F2 (P< 0.05). The range of color difference was 1.13-3.02 in both conditions.
Legal and ethical considerations in medical records management within emergency cardiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background _ Telemedicine is a promising healthcare solution, particularly in underserved areas. It is cost-effective and accessible in both developed and developing countries. However, it faces challenges such as misdiagnosis, inconsistent legal regulations, and potential liability. The cost of telemedicine services is similar to in-person encounters, and pay equality is not guaranteed. Ethical and legal obstacles must be considered when implementing telemedicine programs, such as obtaining informed consent and understanding privacy risks. Aim of Work – Our aim was to emphasize the present state and identify the remaining requirements for implementing ethical and legal norms in telemedicine. Discrepancies have arisen among existing laws, lawmakers, service providers, various medical services, and, most significantly, the patient's connection with their data and the use of that data. Methods – The study conducted a comprehensive search of English literature published between 2010 and 2018 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search utilized specific keywords such as "Telemedicine," "Ethics," "Malpractice," "Telemedicine and Ethics," "Telemedicine and Informed consent," and "Telemedicine and Malpractice." Various types of articles, including research articles, review articles, and qualitative studies, were examined and analyzed. The abstracts were assessed based on the selection criteria, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria.
Law and practice of financial appeal bodies (ESAs’ Board of Appeal, SRB Appeal Panel): A view from the inside

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper offers some lessons drawn from the first years of experience of both the joint Board of Appeal (BoA) of the European Supervisory Authorities and the Appeal Panel (AP) of the Single Resolution Board.The paper outlines their institutional design and the main substantive and procedural issues that have arisen in the cases so far decided by both bodies. It offers a view “from the inside”, which shows not only the certainties of appeal bodies, but also their many challenges. The paper also discusses design strengths and weaknesses of the current EU adjudicatory system of public law disputes in the Banking Union and the Capital Markets Union, bearing in mind the importance of independent review, and the Vaassen criteria for “courts”. The paper concludes by offering preliminary stocktaking and reflections on a possible way forward to enhance the complementary (and supporting) role of financial appeal bodies to the EU courts.
Bottom cell growth aspects for triple junction InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper discusses the problems of nucleation layer and substrate specification selection for a bottom Ge cell performance. GaAs/Ge, AlGaAs/Ge and InGaP/Ge heterojuctions have been compared showing how lattice matching and dopant interdiffusion control are key aspects for improving the Ge bottom cell photovoltaic response. The influence of substrates orientation, polarity and resistivity on the electrical performances of the bottom cells are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fascism and (Transnational) Social Movements: A Reflection on Concepts and Theory in Comparative Fascist Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Scholars have recently begun advocating for the application of social movement theory in the analysis of the rise and development of fascist political entities. While representing a welcome effort to increase the theoretical depth in the analysis of fascism, the approach remains hampered by conceptual deficiencies. The author addresses some of these by the help of a critical discussion that problematises the often incoherent ways in which the concept of ‘movement’ is used when describing fascist political activity both within and across national borders. The analysis then turns to the application of social movement theory to the historical example of the Ustašas. While recent research on social movements has begun to explore the role and character of transnationalism, this case study analysis suggests that the lack of supra-national organisations during the period of ‘classic’ fascism prevented the emergence of a ‘transnational public space’ where fascist movements could have participated. The conclusion is that rather than acting and organising on a ‘transnational’ level, fascist entities appear to have limited themselves to state-based international ‘knowledge-transfer’ of a traditional type.