jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical bifurcation analysis of the asymmetric spring-mass model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, an approach is presented that is based on the calculation of bifurcations in the spring-mass model. The new approach consists of the transformation of the series of initial value problems on different intervals into a single boundary value problem. Using this technique, discontinuities can be avoided and sophisticated numerical methods for studying parameterized nonlinear boundary value problems can be applied. Thus, appropriate extended systems are used to compute transcritical and period-doubling bifurcation points as well as turning points. We show that the resulting boundary value problems can be solved by the simple shooting method with sufficient accuracy, making the application of the more extensive multiple shooting superfluous. The proposed approach is fast, robust to numerical perturbations and allows to determine highly unstable periodic solutions of the original problem. Asymmetric leg function is often an undesired side-effect in artificial legged systems and may reflect functional deficits or variations in the mechanical construction. It can also be found in legged locomotion in humans and animals, for example after an accident or in specific gait patterns. So far, it is not clear to what extent differences in the leg function of contralateral limbs can be tolerated during walking or running. Here, we address this issue using the spring-mass model for simulating walking and running with compliant legs. With the help of the original realization of the model and the boundary value problem approach, we show that considerable differences between contralateral legs can be tolerated and may even provide advantages to the robustness of the system dynamics. A better understanding of the mechanisms and potential benefits of asymmetric leg operation may help to guide the development of artificial limbs or the design novel therapeutic concepts and rehabilitation strategies.
What Could Influence Workers' Decisions to Disclose a Mental Illness at Work?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background : Stigma can be a barrier for workers experiencing a mental illness to access accommodations at work. However, work accommodations may be necessary to maintain a worker's ability to work. Therefore, it may be important to develop effective interventions to address workplace stigma. Objective : To determine (1) what proportion of workers would probably disclose their mental health issue to their manager, (2) what are the motivating factors for the decision of whether or not to disclose, and (3) what would potentially change the disclosure decision? Methods : A link to a Web-based questionnaire was sent to a nationally representative sample of 1671 Dutch adults over 18 years of age. The response rate was 74%. We focused on the 892 respondents who indicated they were either employed for pay or looking for employment, not in management positions, and never experienced a mental health issue. This group comprised 73% of the total sample. They were asked if they would disclose their mental health issue to their manager. For what reasons would they disclose/not disclose the issue? And, what could change their decision? Results : We found that almost 75% of workers would disclose to their managers. The perceived relationship with their managers and feelings of responsibility to their workplaces were important contributors to the decision. A large minority of workers would not tell, preferring to deal with their issues alone. In addition, a significant proportion of workers would choose not to disclose fearing negative consequences. Conclusion : Our results indicate that the majority of these Dutch workers would disclose a mental health issue to their managers. The relationship with the manager plays a central role. The advice from a trusted individual and the experiences of colleagues are also significant factors in the disclosure decision.
Oxidative Status in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Its Correlation with Age, Gender and Body Mass Index (BMI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness which molecular foundations have yet to be elucidated. Oxidative stress appears to be a promising field of study to understand the formation of this disease in molecular level. The objective was to investigate the oxidative status of BD and its association with age, gender and body mass index (BMI). A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary university hospital in Cheras, Malaysia on 55 patients with BD diagnosed using Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Peripheral markers of oxidative stress which include superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA damage were examined in subjects with BD (n=55) and compared to healthy controls (n=28). BD patients had significantly higher concentrations of MDA compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Concentration of MDA was significantly higher in BD patients aged 40 and above compared to those aged 39 years and below (p<0.05). The concentration of MDA did not show significant difference between male and female BD patients, likewise between patients with BMI below and above 25. The percentage of normal DNA in healthy controls was significantly higher than that of BD patients (p<0.001), while percentage of mildly and severely damaged DNA in BD patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (mildly damaged: p<0.001; severely damaged: p<0.001). The severity of DNA damage in the BD patients was similar when compared between age, gender and BMI. SOD activity of BD patients was found to be comparable to that of healthy subjects as well as when compared between gender and age, but was significantly lower in subjects with BMI above 25 (p<0.05). CAT activity was significantly higher in BD patients compared to controls (p<0.001), while no significant difference was found when compared between gender, age and BMI. GPx activity did not show significant difference when compared between BD and healthy controls, gender, age and BMI. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the percentage of normal DNA increases with age in BD patients (p<0.001), while the percentage of damaged DNA decreases with age (mildly damaged: p<0.002; severely damaged: p<0.001). Percentage of normal and damaged DNA are not significantly correlated with BMI, while all antioxidative enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT) and MDA concentration did not show significant correlation with age and BMI. In conclusion, age and BMI are associated with the oxidative status of BD patients regardless of gender.
2D PIV Experiments on Non-Uniform Flow in a Rectangular Open Model Pump Suction Passage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flows in the suction passage are important for pump working, which can influent the flow conditions in the pump. Some bad flow patterns in the suction passage may do damages to the pump, inducing cavitation, vibration, low efficiency and so on. Flow patterns of non-uniform flows in a rectangular open suction passage, such as distribution of velocity, streamline, turbulence kinetic energy and vortex, were studied by a 2D PIV method under different conditions. The results show that the non-uniformity of flow increases and the flow pattern gets deteriorate when the flow ratio of the two sub-passages rises or the total flow velocity increases. So the best operation condition can be chosen to avoid non-uniformity in the open pump suction passage.
Role of Bread on Nutrition and Health Worldwide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cereals are basic, popular and healthy raw materials, providing excellent vectors for nutrition, health, diversity and innovation. Bread, made basically from wheat but also from other grains, is a staple food widely consumed all over the world since ancient times (10,000 BC) providing approximately half of consumed carbohydrates. The nearly ubiquitous consumption of bread places it in a position of global importance in international nutrition. Bread was initially baked in the home using simple homeground wholemeal fl ours, and styles of bread, and the methods used to make them evolved to satisfy local tastes and eating habits. Flour milling and subsequent breadmaking on a commercial scale emerged as vital components of local societies, and fl our-based foods evolved into the current diversity (Fig. 1).
Prior Structure Modification on Grain Refinement and Deformation Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel Processed by ECAP

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present work, deals with grain refinement of medium carbon steel AISI 1045 (0.45% C), having different initial ferrite–pearlite microstructure resulted from thermal and thermomechanical treatment (TM). The purpose of TM steel processing was to refine ferrite and modify pearlite lamellae structure. The final grain refinement of steel structure was then accomplished during warm Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) at 400°C. Employment of this processing route, in dependence of the applied effective strain ϵ ef , resulted in extensive deformation of ferrite grains and cementite lamellae fragmentation. When applying higher shear stress ( ϵ ef = 4) the mixed structure of subgrains and ultrafine grains was formed within ferrite phase, regardless the initial steel structure morphology. In pearlite grains, modification of cementite lamellae due to shearing, bending, twisting, and breaking was found efficient as straining increased. Processes of dynamic polygonization and recrystallization in deformed structure also contributed to submicrocrystalline grains formation in deformed structure. Comparing results the course of lamellae cementite spheroidization was then more efficient in prior TM treated steel. The tensile deformation results confirmed the strength increase, however deformation behavior and strain hardening generally for different initial structural conditions of steel, showed diversity.
Evaluating Extension Programs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Is program evaluation just a “necessary evil” for Extension program implementation? Or, rather, an opportunity to identify and document accomplishments and discover ways to strengthen the impact of programs? This 5-page fact sheet defines evaluation, explains why evaluation is important to Extension programming beyond accountability requirements, describes how UF/IFAS Extension agents are currently evaluating their programs, and makes suggestions for future evaluation efforts that will showcase the value of Extension programming to the public. Written by Alexa J. Lamm, Glenn D. Israel, David Diehl, and Amy Harder and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, May 2011.
Electrophysiological findings after bilateral thoracoscopic atrial fibrillation ablation using irrigated bipolar radiofrequency energy - a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Úvod: Torakoskopická ablace fibrilace síní (TARAFS) s použitím bipolární radiofrekvenční energie (Medtronic Cardioblate Gemini-S) by měla vést k antrální izolaci plicních žil (PŽ) a izolaci zadní stěny levé síně (LS). Elektrofyziologické nálezy po ablaci touto technikou ale nejsou známy. Metody a výsledky: U 22 pacientů s recidivou fibrilace síní (FS) po oboustranné TARAFS provedené pro perzistující FS byla zvolena radiofrekvenční katetrizační ablace s odstupem alespoň tří měsíců po TARAFS. Výsledky: Z 22 pacientů nebyla izolace zadní stěny LS nalezena u 15 (68,2 %) pacientů. U 12 pacientů nebyly endokardiálně zjištěny známky žádné předchozí ablace, u dvou pacientů byly izolovány pravé PŽ a u jednoho pacienta byly izolovány levé PŽ. Na konci ablace byla izolace zadní stěny LS dokončena u všech 15 pacientů. U 18 z celkových 22 pacientů bylo katetrizační ablací dosaženo nevyvolatelnosti FS. Závěr: U značného počtu pacientů s recidivou FS po TARAFS není izolace plicních žil ani zadní stěny LS dokončena a na elektroanatomické voltážové mapě nejsou nalezeny žádné známky předchozí ablace, které by usnadnily následnou katetrizační ablaci. U většiny pacientů je k dosažení nevyvolatelnosti FS kromě izolace zadní stěny LS nutná další ablace.
Communiqué conjoint du 09 mai 2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Document collected by the University of Texas Libraries from the web-site of the Reseau Documentaire International Sur La Region Des Grands Lacs Africains (International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region). The Reseau distributes "gray literature", non-published or limited distribution government or NGO documents regarding the Great Lakes area of central Africa including Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Effects of Solid Lubricants on hard turning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Product quality is one of the most important criteria for the assessment of hard turning process.However, in view of the high temperatures developed in hard turning process, the surface quality deteriorates due to the tool wear.Because of the strict environmental restrictions on the use of cutting fluids, new cutting techniques are required to be investigated to reduce the tool wear.In the present work, the use of solid lubricants during hard turning has been explored while machining bearing steel with mixed ceramic inserts at different cutting conditions and tool geometry.Results show considerable improvement in the surface finish with the use of solid lubricants.Due to the presence of solid lubricants, there is a decrease of surface roughness values from 8 to 15% as compared to dry hard turning.
Upgrading across Organisational and Geographical Configurations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

__Abstract__

This thesis deals with upgrading: a process of learning and knowledge sourcing in order to generate value added. We analyse how upgrading takes place across various organisational configurations: formal collaboration, clusters, projects, and events. Moreover, we investigate the process of upgrading within, as well as between, different spatial scales, and analyse the role of different actors, upgrading mechanisms, and the symbolic and synthetic knowledge bases. We study the upgrading process in a number of empirical case studies of the Chinese automotive industry.

We find that in addition to upgrading in formal collaboration – through joint-ventures in particular – upgrading also takes place in other organisational configurations. We unveil that clusters and events are of particular importance for upgrading via ‘monitoring’ and ‘buzz’. Hereby, we stress the critical role of event organisers as ‘temporary cluster managers’, acting as a bridge between the global and Chinese automotive industry. We also show the importance of the project configuration which crosses over other organisational configurations, and upgrading in projects takes place via nearly all upgrading mechanisms. In addition, we provide new empirical evidence for the importance of physical co-presence of different specialists in the automotive industry on the (temporary) local scale to enable non-verbal communication, while on the other hand, we demonstrate that upgrading of the synthetic and symbolic knowledge bases has a global dimension as well.
Effect of thermomechanical process on as-extruded and solution soaked structures of Al–Cu–Mn alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structures after solution soaking of five copper-bearing alloys (two falling within the AA 2014 specification) have been examined and related to the structures after extrusion. Variations along the length and radially are documented, and it is shown that the indirect process yields a more homogeneous structure. The factors affecting peripheral recrystallization are discussed and it is shown that variations in the preheat practice, the extrusion mode and process parameters, and the container temperature may each be used as a means of producing the desired structure.MST/508
An Examination of Physical Exercise and its Impact on Augmenting Self-Determination Levels of College-Aged Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research has demonstrated a positive link with motivation, physical exercise, and academic success. A current trend within higher education has been to increase student retention as well as deemphasize physical education. Students, who possess a higher degree of self-determined behavior, sustain greater overall success. Administrators have intensified efforts focusing on student retention; however, little research exists connecting physical exercise with self-determination and how these elements could provide solutions to address this problem. Motivation is an element, which drives people to accomplish a task and has the propensity to change when engaged in physical exercise. The motivational reasons why people participate in physical exercise has been a topic of research for several years; however, research examining the impact physical exercise may or may not have on altering motivation, particularly self-determination, is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on augmenting self-determination levels of college-aged students. The researcher conducted a comparative quantitative study. Participants (N = 13) completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) in a pre and post method. The data were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test, and 84% demonstrated a positive shift along the motivation continuum in the direction towards self-determined behavior when post results were compared to pre results. Results from this study suggests that higher education leaders should devote more research into the potential effects physical education could have on self-determination levels of college students as an aim to increase student retention as well as reinforce the importance of physical education.
Innovation in the Agro-Food Sector: From technical Innovation-centred Approaches to Sustainability transition Processes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Innovation is a complex phenomenon and process involving translation of knowledge into new techniques, products, services. It is considered crucial for sustainable agriculture development and achievement of long-term food security. The review describes the diversity of innovation and relates it to agro-food sector. It also sheds light on different innovation models and explores their contribution to framing agro-food sustainability transitions. There are many variations in the use of the term ‘innovation’. Typical distinctions encountered in the literature are incremental vs. radical innovation and product vs. process vs. organizational innovation. A significant feature of the development of modern innovation thinking has been a gradual broadening of innovation scope as well as more attention to sustainability. The scope of innovation was broadened to include soft (social/organisation) innovations besides hard/technical ones. In fact, the interest has shifted from technological innovation to disruptive niche innovations fundamental for socio-technical transitions. Moreover, as recognition of system complexity, frameworks such as the Innovation systems and the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) were developed and promoted. However, despite positive innovation benefits, relationship between innovation and sustainability in the agro-food arena is far from straightforward. Therefore, focus is gradually moving from innovation process to its impacts in terms of sustainability and its contribution to sustainability transitions in agriculture and food systems.
Peculiarities of Packing Fraction of Open-packed Yarn Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The yarn packing properties of a hypothetical model of yarn open cross-sectional structure are discussed. The two different modifications of above-mentioned model are analysed. These modifications differ in number of filaments and magnitude of gaps left in ring layers. The indices of packing fraction of open-packed yarn are computed. The main peculiarities of these results are also described. The results of calculations confirmed that the packing fraction of open-packed yarn is almost constant for a wide range of yarn cross-sectional layers. Moreover, an assumption of constancy for magnitude of packing fraction was analysed for a case of twisted yarns. The hypothetical prediction of packing fraction was compared with the experimental results.
Genotoxic Properties of (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(<it>E</it>)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU) is a 5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine antiviral compound that inhibits thymidylate synthetase. The selectivity of BVDU for virus-infected cells has been attributed to phosphorylation of BVDU by a virus-induced thymidine kinase. Since the closely related compounds 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine are <it>in vitro</it> and <it>in vivo</it> mutagens, BVDU was tested for genotoxic activity in bacterial and mammalian cell mutation assays as well as in assays measuring DNA damage&sol;repair and clastogenic activity. Mutation assays with BVDU at concentrations ranging from 10 to 5000 μg&sol;plate using <it>Salmonella typhimurium</it> strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 were negative, both with and without S9 activation. BVDU was also negative in the <it>in vitro</it> rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis assay at concentrations of 750 and 1000 μg&sol;ml. In contrast, BVDU was positive in the L5178Y TK± mouse lymphoma mutation assay without S9 activation at five concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000 μg&sol;ml. A Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO)&sol;hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene mutation assay conducted without S9 over similar concentrations was negative. However, micronucleus induction by BVDU was detected with out S9 activation at concentrations between 500 and 1750 μg&sol;ml using both CHO and L5178Y cells. These results indicate that BVDU is a potential human clastogen.
Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. 2. Model evaluation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A mechanistic model, simulating the dynamics of production, structure and digestibility of managed permanent pastures, was developed. Its evaluation consisted of (i) studying model response to a range of grassland communities, cutting frequencies and site characteristics, and (ii) testing the model against experimental data, focusing on biomass accumulation and digestibility during three different cutting cycles, herbage production under a frequent cutting regime, and sward dynamics during the winter. The model realistically predicted the dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage for various communities of permanent pastures, in different sites and under different management conditions for upland areas of the Auvergne region in France. The predicted responses to environmental conditions and cutting regimes were close to field observations and experimental results. Although the model successfully predicted the dynamics of average herbage production, it lacked precision in predicting the low biomass production observed in relation to the weather conditions found in a few specific years. The model was able to predict the dynamics of the sward during winter and is, therefore, fit for producing multiple‐year simulations. To improve the prediction of variability of biomass production and to predict the medium‐ to long‐term dynamics of permanent pastures, the model could be refined by adding seasonal and multiple‐year variation in nitrogen availability and in the proportion of grass functional groups in the grassland community.