jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determining Perception and Predilection for Ayurveda versus Allopathy amongst Educated Individuals Studying and Practising Allopathy at Different Levels

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Ayurveda is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. Ayurvedic preparations are typically based on complex herbal compounds, minerals, and metal substances. Up to 80% people in India use Ayurveda exclusively or combined with conventional Western medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is a recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 5th May 2023, WHO declared end of COVID-19 as PHEIC. As of 24th May 2023, the pandemic had caused more than 766 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths globally, making it one of the deadliest in history. It is necessary that the scientific community must draw on pluralistic knowledge systems available globally to strengthen the immune system and reduce dependence on any one system of medicine. It is time for us to strengthen our trust and belief in our age-old tradition and knowledge of Ayurveda. This study was planned to determine use of Ayurvedic medicines and associated beliefs of educated individuals studying and practicing allopathy at different levels. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study amongst students pursuing a Bachelor of Pharmacy and Medical and Paramedical staff using an online questionnaire created using Google Forms. A total 229 respondent data were included in the study. The obtained information was summarised using Microsoft Excel and presented as percentages. The parameters that were studied were gender and age distribution of study subjects; preferred system of medicine for major ailments; reason for preferring allopathic medicine over ayurvedic medicine, rationale for rising credence of Ayurveda in COVID and post-COVID era; common perceptions regarding Ayurvedic medicines.Results: Most of our subjects were 18 to 35 years of age (176, 76.9%). One-third of the study subjects (77, 33.6%) preferred Ayurveda as the science for medical treatment. Ayurvedic treatment was preferred for gastro-intestinal and liver diseases. The rationale sought by study subjects for rising credence of Ayurveda during the COVID and post-COVID era were fewer side effects, ease of availability, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: COVID-19 has rekindled the belief and knowledge of people in Ayurveda. Predilection is to use ayurvedic and allopathic medicines together rather than Ayurveda alone and still people resort to allopathy to tide over acute conditions and immediate crisis.
D3.4 – First report on domain ontology requirements and specifications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

OntoCommons aims at working towards interoperability by means of harmonization with respect to upper-level ontologies and facilitating agreement in domain ontology development. As part of the effort of work package 3, an objective of OntoCommons is to collect and formalize requirements from the stakeholders' community by domain in terms of ontology development and exploitation. This report presents a set of functional and non-functional requirements based on the needs of demonstrators but also from stakeholders' (including domain experts') inputs - from inside and outside the project - collected through a set of expert group meetings and workshops. This deliverable (D3.4) is the first report on the collection of such requirements. This deliverable will serve as input for the investigation of intra- and cross-domain interoperability in Task 3.4, as well as for the ontology knowledge graph validation in Task 4.6.
Data from KIM-1 as a Blood-Based Marker for Early Detection of Kidney Cancer: A Prospective Nested Case–Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the potential for cure with surgery when diagnosed at an early stage. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) has been shown to be elevated in the plasma of RCC patients. We aimed to test whether plasma KIM-1 could represent a means of detecting RCC prior to clinical diagnosis.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> KIM-1 concentrations were measured in prediagnostic plasma from 190 RCC cases and 190 controls nested within a population-based prospective cohort study. Cases had entered the cohort up to 5 years before diagnosis, and controls were matched on cases for date of birth, date at blood donation, sex, and country. We applied conditional logistic regression and flexible parametric survival models to evaluate the association between plasma KIM-1 concentrations and RCC risk and survival.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of RCC for a doubling in KIM-1 concentration was 1.71 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44–2.03, <i>P</i> = 4.1 × 10<sup>−23</sup>], corresponding to an IRR of 63.3 (95% CI, 16.2–246.9) comparing the 80th to the 20th percentiles of the KIM-1 distribution in this sample. Compared with a risk model including known risk factors of RCC (age, sex, country, body mass index, and tobacco smoking status), a risk model additionally including KIM-1 substantially improved discrimination between cases and controls (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.8 compared with 0.7). High plasma KIM-1 concentrations were also associated with poorer survival (<i>P</i> = 0.0053).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Plasma KIM-1 concentrations could predict RCC incidence up to 5 years prior to diagnosis and were associated with poorer survival. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5594–601. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Hyperosmotic sodium salts reverse severe hemorrhagic shock: other solutes do not

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Severe hemorrhage in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (25 mg/kg) is reversed by intravenous NaCl (4 ml/kg, 2,400 mosmol/l, 98% long-term survival). This paper compares survival rates and hemodynamic and metabolic effects of hypertonic NaCl with sodium salts (acetate, bicarbonate, and nitrate), chlorides [lithium and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)], and nonelectrolytes (glucose, mannitol, and urea) after severe hemorrhage (44.5 +/- 2.3 ml/kg blood loss). Sodium salts had higher survival rates (chloride, 100%; acetate, 72%; bicarbonate, 61%; nitrate, 55%) with normal stable arterial pressure after chloride and nitrate; near normal cardiac output after sodium chloride; normal acid-base equilibrium after all sodium salts; and normal mean circulatory filling pressure after chloride, acetate, and bicarbonate. Chlorides and nonelectrolytes produced low survival rates (glucose and lithium, 5%; mannitol, 11%; Tris, 22%; urea, 33%) with low cardiac output, low mean circulatory filling pressure, and severe metabolic acidosis. Plasma sodium, plasma bicarbonate, mean circulatory filling pressure, cardiac output, and arterial pressure correlated significantly with survival; other parameters, including plasma volume expansion or plasma osmolarity, did not. It is proposed that high plasma sodium is essential for survival.
Effect of the Applied Pressure on the Essential Characteristics of Sodium Starch Glycolate Tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Immediate onset of action in a lot of cases is extensively used than ordinary therapy, however; produce tablets with acceptable features as tensile strength, suitable with acceptable industrial limits, reduced ordered unit segregation tendency, and rapidly or appropriate disintegration time, is a classic problem. Use disintegrant is considered one of corner stone to achieve pharmaceutical tablets that meet requirements of recommended tablet formulation in the markets. Sodium Starch Glycolate as an elastic material (super disintegrant) is the component of compacted tablets by direct compression in current work. Uniaxial compaction process was implemented by utilizing a universal testing machine. The tablets were compacted under applied load ranging from 75 to 375 MPa. A 13 mm diameter cylindrical die was used to characterize the compression behaviour of the 1.0 ± 0.01 g of material. Number of the evidences from this study is, the tabletted powder characteristics and the volume-pressure measurements relationship were investigated. The recommended tablet formulations were evaluated by using elastic relaxation, indirect tensile strength, friability, and disintegration tests. Applying load higher than 150 Mpa produces compacts with a longer disintegration time, low elastic relaxation, in addition to tensile strength and friability percentage identical to recommended tablets formulation in the markets.
The low-prevalence effect is due to failures of attention, not premature search termination or motor errors: Evidence from passive search and eye-movements.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Infrequently encountered targets are missed disproportionately often. This low prevalence effect (LPE) is a robust problem with significant societal consquences (Wolfe et al., 2007). Fleck & Mitroff (2007) suggested that the LPE might reflect premature search termination or response errors. Alternative models argue that prevalence influences observers decision-making criteria and quitting thresholds. In four experiments with nearly 400 participants, we examined the LPE using standard visual search (with eye-tracking), and two variants of a passive RSVP task. In the RSVP task, sequences of stimuli with or without a target are presented to observers who respond present/absent after the sequence ends (following Hout & Goldinger, 2010). In all experiments, people looked for two target categories simultaneously. The low-prevalence target appeared much less often than its counterpart, while overall target prevalence was 50% in all conditions. In some conditions, people searched for the categories "teddy bear" and "butterfly" among other real-world objects. In other conditions, people searched for specific bears or butterflies among distractors from the same two categories. Results: 1) In standard search, we found an RT benefit for high-prevalence targets. They were found more quickly than low-prevalence targets; 2) In passive RSVP search, the LPE persisted, even though participants never had to terminate search on their own (responses were made following presentation of the entire stream); 3) Eye-tracking analyses showed that fast RTs to the high-prevalence item were explained by better attentional guidance, as indicated by scan-path ratios, and faster perceptual decision-making (indexed by post-fixation RTs); and 4) Even when people look directly at low-prevalence targets, they failed to report them on between 12% and 29% of trials (depending on the experiment). These results strongly argue for an attentional account of the LPE. Low-prevalence misses appear to represent failures of attention, rather than early search termination or motor errors. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
Materials Data on PrP2(HO)7 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

PrP2H5O6H2O crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four water molecules and two PrP2H5O6 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each PrP2H5O6 sheet, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.67 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to two H+0.14+ and two O2- atoms. Both P–H bond lengths are 1.42 Å. There is one shorter (1.52 Å) and one longer (1.53 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to one H+0.14+ and three O2- atoms. The P–H bond length is 1.41 Å. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.56 Å. There are five inequivalent H+0.14+ sites. In the first H+0.14+ site, H+0.14+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the second H+0.14+ site, H+0.14+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the third H+0.14+ site, H+0.14+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the fourth H+0.14+ site, H+0.14+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H+0.14+ site, H+0.14+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Pr3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Pr3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Pr3+ and two H+0.14+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pr3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pr3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Pr3+ and one P5+ atom.
Casimir force induced on a plane by an impenetrable flux tube of finite radius

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A perfectly reflecting (Dirichlet) boundary condition at the edge of an impenetrable magnetic-flux-carrying tube of nonzero transverse size is imposed on the charged massive scalar matter field which is quantized outside the tube on a plane which is transverse to the tube. We show that the vacuum polarization effects outside the tube give rise to a macroscopic force acting at the increase of the tube radius (if the magnetic flux is held steady).
Appendix 4: Digital geoscience database: a contribution to the mineral and energy resource assessment of the Greater Nahanni Ecosystem, Northwest Territories

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Appendix 4 contains the 2-D GIS database with over 200 geoscience data sets in shapefile format as well as grid, images, and excel tables, which provide a scientific framework for the Greater Nahanni Ecosystem and immediate area. The data sets were compiled from scientific or various surveys and research studies conducted for MERA 2 but include data from MERA 1 as well as from other public sources. Data sets include geochemistry (stream, spring, whole rock, and isotope), geophysics (aeromagnetic, radiometric, and gravity), geology (bedrock and surficial), structural, mineral deposit, base, watershed, and digital elevation and Landsat imagery. A metadata file is included. This can be used with any software that recognizes shape file formats. This database was created using ESRI ArcMap version 9.2. Some of ESRI files e.g. '.lyr' files will not open in earlier versions.
How State Support of Religion Shapes Attitudes Toward Muslim Immigrants

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues that governments play a considerable role in shaping citizens’ attitudes toward Muslim immigrants through the way they regulate religion. European democracies are far from secular, and matters of religious regulation cannot be reduced to abstract values or constitutional clauses. Under conditions of high state support of religion, accommodating new religious minorities involves not only the changing of existing rules but also giving up on long-standing traditions and everyday habits. As a result, citizens see religious newcomers as a threat to their way of life and react with animosity to their practices and demands. We support our argument by combining newly designed survey items with original data on religious regulation in 26 Swiss cantons. Our findings contradict the extant literature and have important implications for the democratic challenges in Europe, the quality of modern immigration societies, and the role of religion in democracy more generally.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Changes in Turkey Embryos Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD; Gumboro Disease) Virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of turkey embryos to the chicken isolate of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and to investigate the morphologic changes occured particularly in bursa of Fabricius (BF) and some visceral organs. In the study, 178 embryonated turkey eggs and 28th passage of the virus from chicken embryo were used. Doses of 0.1 ml from the viral suspension were inoculated into yolk sac (YS) and allantoic cavity (AC), respectively on 13th and 15th days of incubation. The deaths in the infected embryos occured especially between 3rd and 7th days of inoculation and the proportions of death were 20 % in YS trial group and 17 % in AC trial group. Macroscopically, hemorrhage in rump and chest muscles, peribursal edema and hemorrhage in BF and necrosis characterized with mosaic like lines in liver of infected embryos were observed. Delayed formation of primary plicae and lymphoid follicles, hemorrhage and follicular necrosis in the BF, subcapsullar coagulation necrosis in the liver and intramuscular hemorrhage and mononuclear cell infiltration in muscles were detected microscopically.
Dynamical and electronic properties of rare-earth aluminides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Rare-earth dialuminides belong to a large family of compounds that stabilize in cubic MgCu2 structure. A large number of these compounds are superconducting, amongst these YAl2, LaAl2 and LuAl2 have been chosen as reference materials for studying 4f-electron systems. In order to understand the role of the RE atoms, we have applied the FPLAPW and PAW methods within the density functional theory (DFT). Our results show that the contribution of RE atoms is dominant in both electronic structure and phonon dispersion. The anomalous behavior of superconducting LaAl2 is well explained from an analysis of the electron localization function (ELF), Bader charge analysis, density of electronic states as well as the dynamical phonon vibrational modes. The interaction of phonon modes contributed by low frequency vibrations of La atoms with the high density La 5d-states at EF in LaAl2 lead to strong electron-phonon coupling.
Gladiolus bulbs at reduced prices : [price list] /

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

At the Intermountain States Gladiolus Society Regional show of the A. G. S. our Glads took gold medal for the largest and best display, silver medal for the best basket of Glads exhibited, and a number of first and second ribbons for best singles and three spikes in various classes.And the competition was keen.Our Glads have been shipped to and are being grown in every state in the Union.That these far northern grown bulbs are more hardy, free from disease and bring a better bloom is attested by hundreds of letters on file with us, received from satisfied customers.Many of these letters state blooms from bulbs furnishd by us have won in the show room where the competition was very keen.We are developing thousands of our seedlings and in addition have increased our commercial stocks far beyond our ability to store and handle satisfactorily.We must reduce this stock one-half or more and do it quickly.Our necessity is your gain.To move this stock we are not only making low prices on the bulbs, but in addition are giving discounts which make it decidedly to< your advantage to get in your orders at once.At the prices shown, no orders will be filled for less than $2 and no single item for less than 10 cents.Where prices shown are less than 10 cents, enough bulbs of the same variety must be added to bring the price to this figure.That is, if a bulb is priced at 3 cents, at least 4 must be ordered.
Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers on Postprandial Gastrointestinal Motility in the Dog

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have compared the ability of nifedipine and lacidipine, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine, to interfere with postprandial gastrointestinal motility. Five conscious dogs, fitted with 8 bipolar electrodes along the gastrointestinal tract, were studied. Gastrointestinal spike activity was evaluated by means of a computer system. Lacidipine (8 μg kg−1) was administered as an i.v. bolus immediately followed by a 10 μg kg−1 h−1 i.v. infusion for 3 h, starting 30 min before a standard meal. This dose of lacidipine decreased systolic blood pressure by approximately 20%. Nifedipine was used at equihypotensive doses (30 μg kg−1 i.v. bolus followed by 300 μg kg−1 h−1 i.v. infusion). Lacidipine had no effect on either gastric or intestinal postprandial spike activity. Nifedipine significantly delayed the appearance of the fed pattern and reduced the number of spikes in the small bowel, while it had no effect on gastric spike activity. We conclude that equihypotensive doses of lacidipine and nifedipine differ in their effects on the gastrointestinal tract, lacidipine having a better cardiovascular selectivity profile than nifedipine, and that the sensitivity to nifedipine varies in different parts of the gut.
Analysis on Causative Factors and Evolution Paths of Blast Furnace Gas Leak Accident

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although the interest in metallurgical accident investigation of blast furnace gas (BFG) leakage has increased to explore the engineering failures, more effort is needed to address the individual and organizational causative factors to clear and determine the weak links for improving safety management and accident prevention to achieve green metallurgical manufacturing. This study aims to examine the causative factors and evolution paths of BFG leakage by introducing a combined method, the 24 model and Bayesian network (BN), based on 50 cases of fire, explosion and suffocation accidents caused by BFG leakage. A BN model of BFG leakage was established based on the identification of 25 causative factors by the 24 model. Results showed that eight nodes, including A1 (unsafe operation), A2 (unsafe behavior), A4 (unsafe condition), B1 (valve failure), B2 (improper gas safety operation), X4 (use of BFG violates regulations), X5 (water gas is not cut off before shutdown reduction) and X6 (incomplete steam purging), were more sensitive than others, and the posterior probability of nodes A1, A2, A3 (unsafe command), A4, B1, B2, B4 (improper emergency behavior), B5 (unsafe behaviors on BFG site) increased compared to prior probability. Three main accident causal chains were obtained which indicate that control the unsafe operations (A1) related to gas (B2) and valve (B1) are suggested to be improved. Another important factor is A4 (unsafe condition), which is related to intrinsic safety conditions. Considering the results, the key points of 3E strategy about BFG leakage prevention are suggested. This study provides useful insights to understand the organizational and individual factors and their relative influence in BFG leakage accidents, which will support BFG leakage prevention and safety management.
Low pay and industrial relations: the case of contract cleaning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A key feature of the present government's economic strategy has been to directly, and indirectly, undermine pay and conditions of employment. Unemployment, although an inevitable by-product of the government's industrial and monetary-fiscal policies, has been blamed on the wage fixing system and on the levels of pay. In tum, the government and employer interests have been able to use the growth of unemployment as a legitimization of their attacks on the pay fixing system and the level of pay. Real wages, both gross and net, are now lower on average than when the present government was first elected in 1984 and the thrust of current government policy is to lower them further. This decline in real gross wages has been far from evenly shared. While the lowest quintile of wage earners experienced a fall in real income of 3.5 percent between September 1984 and the end of 1987, the top quintile experienced an increase of 1.1 percent. Real net wages for the lowest quintile fell by 0.4 percent while those of the top quintile rose 4.5 percent (Brosnan and Wilkinson, 1989, Table 2).