jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development and Implementation of Highway Structures Information System for Wisconsin Department of Transportation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The philosophy on highway structure asset management has evolved over the past two decades at the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (DOT) and required a new system approach to data management and modeling. The Highway Structures Information (HSI) system was developed to meet such needs. HSI is a systematic approach to effectively managing all state and locally maintained structures through a responsive, efficient online system. When state and local program managers are equipped with real-time performance data, they can make better-informed decisions on resource allocation. In addition, HSI is a valuable resource to contractors, consultants, and DOT management teams as well as a response system for inquiries from legislators, public citizens, and the media. An extensive menu system provides an easy method for users to inquire about specific data and create their own customized reports. This provides instantaneous responses to requestors and eliminates their waiting in line for bridge personnel to generate answers to queries. HSI also incorporates the concept of the structural data life cycle; this allows management of the structure from the planning phase through design, construction, maintenance, and eventual replacement of the structure. This paper presents Wisconsin DOT's development of this system. It explores what work is needed to develop a more complete asset management system and some benefits encountered during the process.
Search for an Avoiding Target

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An evader attempts to avoid detection by moving away from the vicinity of the searcher when he becomes aware of the presence of the searcher. It is assumed that the evader’s rates of transition to other regions are proportional to the searcher’s rate of search in the region in which the evader is located. The distribution of effort that maximizes the probability of detection in a given time is found for the two-cell problem. The corresponding problem for n cells is formulated, and a method is derived for finding the complete set of extremals.
Direct Determination of Systemic Blood Pressure and Production of Hypertension in the Rabbit.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SummaryA method is described for determination of direct mean systemic blood pressure in the femoral artery of the unanesthetized rabbit. Weekly blood pressures of 24 rabbits, for 3 successive weeks, and of 6 other rabbits, for 12 weeks, are given. Production of persistent renal hypertension, unaccompanied by significant impairment of renal excretory function, is described and illustrated. It is hoped that publication of this method for determination of the blood pressure of the unanesthetized rabbit will stimulate others to employ this animal more often in future studies of experimental hypertension.
Die Fehlbewertung junger Aktiengesellschaften beim Gang an die Börse – Ursachen und wirtschaftspolitische Konsequenzen

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper discusses policy options to reduce underpricing in initial public offerings (IPOs). It surveys recent theoretical insights into the causes and welfare implications of underpricing and reviews evidence on the signalling hypothesis, the winner’s curse model, the role of underwriters in assessing issuing firms’ future profitability and the genesis of speculative bubbles in IPO markets. The paper concludes that governments should curtail the abuse of market power in underwriting by prohibiting the allocation of shares to insiders and by reducing the incentives for investment banks to exploit underpriced share issues in order to cross-subsidise unrelated lines of business. Moreover, governments should seek to stabilize the IPO market by committing themselves to regular equal-sized issues of shares in government assets as part of a long-term privatisation programme.
Temporal bone: Anatomy and characteristic findings by CT and MRI of the most common pathology.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2015 / C-2497 / Temporal bone: Anatomy and characteristic findings by CT and MRI of the most common pathology. by: L. E. Guerrero Acosta1, A. Ramos1, I. Carrion1, P. Herrera2, S. Cordoba Rovira1, E. Salvado1, A. Samitier Pastor3; 1Tarragona/ES, 2Barcelona/ES, 3Zaragoza/ES
Normalized IGV tracks for SC5314 and P57055 WT and dhh1Δ/Δ strains.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tracks normalized by cpm were examined to verify deletions and differentially expressed genes A. DHH1 transcripts are present in WT backgrounds and absent from dhh1Δ/Δ. B. In YPD putative trifunctional thiamine biosynthesis enzyme THI20 is downregulated in both dhh1Δ/Δ strains. C. Hyphal wall protein (HWP1) transcripts are upregulated in dhh1Δ/Δ compared to WT under yeast-form growth conditions. D. Interestingly, in YPD hyphal associated candidalysin (ECE1) is upregulated in SC5341 dhh1Δ/Δ, and to a lesser extent in P57055 dhh1Δ/Δ. E. Hyphal adhesin (ALS1) is downregulated in both dhh1Δ/Δ strains in RPMI, F. while GPI-anchored cell wall protein (RBR1) is upregulated in both dhh1Δ/Δ strains under these conditions. (TIFF)
<title>Processing, segmentation, and visualization of pre- and post-stent coronary arteries using intravascular ultrasound</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intra-vascular ultrasound (IVUS) has significant potential for providing new information about the structure and condition of the coronary arteries. However, these image datasets are inherently noisy and characterized by frequent drop-outs and shadowing, considerably constraining their use for quantitative evaluation of coronary artery integrity and stent augmentation. A feasibility study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a software toolkit for processing, segmenting, and visualizing pre- and post-stent IVUS datasets, as a precursor to detailed quantitative evaluation of IVUS with regard to characterization of coronary luminal wall properties. Frame averaging, histogram processing, and anisotropic diffusion were used to reduce speckle noise and compensate for image dropout and shadowing. A region of interest (ROI) analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the image processing. Preliminary results suggest that the image processing steps are effective at increasing the contrast to speckle ratio. In addition, contrast between the arterial wall and lumen was improved, producing an edge enhancement effect. Image registration was used to align images within a volume (i.e. 2-D registration) and between volumes (i.e. 3-D registration). A voxel matching method was used for the 2-D registration and a surface matching method was used for 3-D registration. A morphological connect method for segmentation was used to extract large structures in the data. A new edge-based algorithm was developed to segment the data in regions where the other method failed. Volume rendering methods were used to visualize the data. These preliminary visualizations of processed, segmented and registered IVUS datasets illustrated encouraging potential for further quantitative analysis of coronary artery morphology and pathology.
Study on the Expression of sIL-2R in Acute Leukemia and Its Clinical Significance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the expression of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in acute leukemia(AL) and its clinical significance.Method The serum levels of sIL-2R were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) in 27 healthy indivduals and 40 patients with acute leukemia.Results In 40 patients with acute leukemia(AL),the expression of sIL-2R was significantly higher than that in healthy controls(P0.05 or 0.01),and it decreased after complete remission(CR) but was still higher than that in healthy controls.When AL relapsed, the expression of sIL-2R elevated again.In untreated AL patients,the expression of sIL-2R was positively correlated with the leukemia cell percent ratio in bone marrow and the peripheral leukocyte count(P0.01).Conclusions The expression of serum sIL-2R elevates in patients with AL.The significant changes of serum sIL-2R in AL patients are likely to represent the seriousness of the disease and their determination may be helpful for the prognostic judgement in ALpatients.
Fracture toughness of silicon nitride at 800.DEG.C. under mixed-mode condition.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fracture toughness of sintered silicon nitride under mode I and mode II was studied at 800°C using controlled surface flaw in four point bending. Fracture paths in all cases were noncoplaner. The results were compared with various linear elastic fracture mechanics theories. The comparison showed that prediction by coplaner strain energy release rate theory, minimum strain energy density theory, and an empirical equation by Sigh and Shetty gave good agreement with the experimental values of this study. Normalized mixed-mode fracture toughness obtained at 800°C were comparable to those obtained at room temperature. Moreover, the grain shearing on the fracture surface which fractured in mixed-mode loading was found by fractographic study. The influence of grain shearing to crack propagation direction was discussed based on the fractographic observations.
Apitoxin Aquapuncture and Administration of Herbal Medicines in a Dog with Superficial Pyoderma

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 6-month-old, 7.2 kg, intact female mongrel stray dog wasreferred to the Veterinary Medical TeachingHospital, National Chung Hsing University with a chief complaint of alopecia, and severe pruritus. A skin swab wasobtained for bacterial culture, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was identified. The definitive diagnosis was caninesuperficial pyoderma. Apitoxin aquapuncture was performed to treat superficial pyoderma once a week for 5 weeks.The acupoints used in this clinical case included GV-14 (Da Zhui), BL-13 (Fei Shu), LI-11 (Qu Chi), BL-40 (WeiZhong), ST-36 (Zu San Li), SP-6 (San Yin Jiao), and SP-10 (Xue Hai). In addition, the herbal medicines Shi Wei Bai DuTang, Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, and Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin were orally administered twice a day for 5 weeks. Theresults indicated that apitoxin aquapuncture combined with the administration of herbal medicines resulted in afavorable therapeutic effect in the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma.
Classroom Variables that Conditions the L2 Word Acquisition Process: The Case of the Environment, the Instructor and the Learning Strategy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research report in this paper investigates the factors that affect L2 learners’ word acquisition process in the language classroom. Using 82 subjects from a writing program, the study looks at learner ability awareness of word meanings and word polysemy following a series of intentional vocabulary instruction in two separate learning conditions. The findings revealed that while L2 learners brought their own L1 learning experiences into the classroom, teacher motivation and the L2 environment did influence learner vocabulary learning strategies and ability to acquire in depth word knowledge. Word meaning, word knowledge, polysemy, threshold vocabulary
A new measurement of heel‐rise endurance with the ability to detect functional deficits in patients with Achilles tendon rupture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Studies evaluating treatment effects on muscle function after an Achilles tendon rupture often use various tests for evaluating calf muscle strength. However, these tests rarely demonstrate the difference between treatment groups; therefore, new tests with a higher ability to detect possible differences in outcome are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and ability to detect differences in outcome of a heel‐rise work test that would measure both the height of each heel‐rise and the number of repetitions. Seventy‐eight patients (65 men and 13 women) at a mean (standard deviation) age of 42 (9) years with Achilles tendon ruptures were included. The patients were evaluated with the new heel‐rise test at 6 and 12 months after injury. The limb symmetry index (LSI = involved/uninvolved × 100) was calculated to determine the size of the difference in function between the injured and the uninjured side. The heel‐rise height differed significantly between the injured and uninjured sides at the 6‐ and 12‐month evaluations ( P < 0.001). At the 6‐month evaluation, the patients had achieved a mean LSI of 84% on the number of repetitions parameter but only a mean LSI of 61% on the work parameter. At the 12‐month evaluation the mean, LSI of the heel‐rise repetition parameter was 95%, indicating that the patients had fully recovered function, but on the work parameter the mean LSI was only 76%. The heel‐rise work test in the present study has good validity and greater ability to detect differences between the injured and the uninjured sides than a test that measures only the number of heel‐rise repetitions in patients with Achilles tendon rupture.
Enzymatic extraction of growth factor in Chlorella and possible protective effects of Chlorella extracts on yeast growth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microalgae have been known as potential sources of proteins and bioactive compounds, these microscopic algae have fueled interest in different research fields. While different extraction techniques have been applied for the recovery of bioactive compounds from these sources, high extractability remains a major concern. Chlorella, a prominent microalga, has been found to be an excellent source of carotenes, protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and chlorophyll, and could serve as a food source for yeasts. This work was aimed to assess the protective effect of Chlorella in yeast cells cultured in the ethanolic environment. Additionally, the use of enzymatic treatment was employed for the extraction of Chlorella growth factor (CGF). Dry Chlorella powder and water at 95 °C (as a solvent) have been used to prepare extracts. From our pilot study carried out to check the protective effect of Chlorella extract on yeast, it was found that culturing yeast in a Saburo medium (FBUN "SSC PMB," Russia) supplemented with 0.1% concentration of Chlorella extract was found to greatly increase its (yeast's) viability up to 17 days. 100% viability was recorded on the 13th day of inoculation on the medium. It was found that the treatment of Chlorella algae with enzymatic preparation Cellulox-A (Sibbiopharm Ltd., Russia) increased the growth factor index from 3.5 to 7.5 (approximately 3% increment). The extractability of growth factor was observed to depend on extraction time with the optimal extraction yield obtained at 120 min.The original version of this article supplied to AIP Publishing contained errors in the acknowledgement section. The revised article, with the acknowledgement section corrected, was published on 12 January 2021.
Data from miR-766-5p Targets Super-Enhancers by Downregulating CBP and BRD4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Super-enhancers (SE) are clusters of transcription enhancers that drive gene expression. SEs are typically characterized by high levels of acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac), which is catalyzed by the histone lysine acetyltransferase CREB binding protein (CBP). Cancer cells frequently acquire tumor-specific SEs at key oncogenes, such as <i>MYC</i>, which induce several hallmarks of cancer. BRD4 is recruited to SEs and consequently functions as an epigenetic reader to promote transcription of SE-marked genes in cancer cells. miRNAs can be potent candidates for nucleic acid therapeutics for cancer. We previously identified <i>miR-766-5p</i> as a miRNA that downregulated <i>MYC</i> expression and inhibited cancer cell growth <i>in vitro</i>. In this study, we show that <i>miR-766-5p</i> directly targets CBP and BRD4. Concurrent suppression of CBP and BRD4 cooperatively downregulated MYC expression in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that <i>miR-766-5p</i> reduced levels of H3K27ac at <i>MYC</i> SEs via CBP suppression. Moreover, <i>miR-766-5p</i> suppressed expression of a BRD4-NUT fusion protein that drives NUT midline carcinoma. <i>In vivo</i> administration of <i>miR-766-5p</i> suppressed tumor growth in two xenograft models. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting SEs using <i>miR-766-5p</i>–based therapeutics may serve as an effective strategy for the treatment of MYC-driven cancers.</p>Significance:<p>This study demonstrates that <i>miR-766-5p</i> targets CBP and BRD4, which can mitigate the protumorigenic consequences of SEs and oncogenic fusion proteins.</p></div>
En Route for the Accomplishment of SDG-7 in South Asian Countries: A Retrospective Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With one-fifth of the world’s population, South Asian nations are home to 37 percent of the world’s poor and 50 percent of the world’s hungry children. This region experiences enormous development and infrastructure challenges. The paper investigates the progress of South Asian countries on Sustainable Development Goal-7, which is associated with access to modern energy to all. The present research also highlights significant issues and challenges behind the slow progress of South Asian countries on SDG-7. This study indicates that Bhutan and India are top-performing countries; however, Pakistan and Afghanistan are lower-performing countries on SDG-7 among all other South Asian countries. It has also been observed that South Asian countries have a narrow focus on renewable energy. South Asian nations will address their energy shortages issue and save a lot of money by using renewable energy instead of importing hydrocarbons. South Asian nations must diversify their main energy consumption patterns to achieve SDG-7. They may address their energy concerns at the policy, economic, technological, and information levels and boost cross-border energy commerce.
Longitudinal effects of behavioral interventions: A comparison using a propensity score matching model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Behavioral interventions are often recommended for persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Healthy Action to Benefit Independence & Thinking® Program (HABIT) has been shown to benefit activities of daily living (ADL) and self‐efficacy in patients at 6‐ and 12‐months post intervention. However, to date, the findings have been limited by comparison to a relatively small, untreated control group. This study attempted to explore HABIT ADL outcomes compared to a large, presumably untreated Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) MCI cohort. Method A total of 767 participants with MCI were selected from the ADNI database, whereas 478 participants with MCI were recruited from the HABIT IRB approved research registry. Functional outcomes were assessed with informant‐based measures ‐ Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and Everyday Cognition scale (ECOG) memory and total scores – at both 6‐month‐ and 12‐month‐follow‐ups. After near‐neighbor propensity score matching with a caliper of 0.2, 288 participants from each group were matched for the FAQ, and 333 were matched for the ECOG scores. Latent growth curve models were used to test the hypothesis that the HABIT program might delay functional decline in patients with MCI. Result After matching HABIT group continued to show higher initial scores on FAQ (b=.849, p=.013), and ECOG memory (b=.200, p=.004) and total scores (b=1.115, p<.001) compared to the ADNI group. Although an increase in scores was observed in both groups for each functional outcome, the slopes were steeper for the HABIT group for FAQ (b=1.194, p<.001), ECOG memory (b=.073, p=.019) and ECOG total (b=.383, p=.007). Conclusion Contrary to our hypothesis, in this non‐randomized study, partners of HABIT participants with MCI reported more rapid functional decline compared to those in an imaging study. This discrepancy could be due to the HABIT group’s higher baseline impairment level even after matching. Furthermore, patients with perceived more rapid decline may be more likely to seek interventions relative to those who elect to participate in a non‐interventional imaging study. In addition, the intervention sessions could prime the partners to be more scrupulous and aware when rating functional assessments. Additional randomized research may help add clarity to these findings.
the Short Abstinence May Have Paradoxical Effects On Sperms With Different Level Of DNA Integrity: A Prospective Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antioxidants have statistically significant effects on mean sperm concentration (untreated, 67.51 ± 44.40 million/ml, vs. treated, 56.09 ± 37.85 million/ml; P-value=0.005) and mean TUNEL score (untreated, 24.56% ± 9.49%, vs. treated, 20.64% ± 10.28%; P-value = 0.013). Moreover, a short abstinence period might have positive effects as shown on the TUNEL assay (20.64% ± 10.28 vs. 17.38% ± 8.59 ; P-value = 0.028) and CMA3 staining (47.79% ± 20.78, vs. short 41.92% ± 18.49; P-value = 0.019), when considering all study subjects. However, different results were obtained using more precise analysis based on a TUNEL cutoff score of 20%. The analysis showed that short abstinence might improve sperm DNA integrity in patients with TUNEL score > 20% (mean TUNEL score from 27.85% ± 8.32% to 19.14% ± 8.90% ; P-value =0.001%). However, it might have deleterious effects on sperm DNA integrity in patients with TUNEL score < 20% (mean TUNEL score from 11.89% ± 3.21% to 15.17% ± 7.79%; P-value = 0.045%) Conclusion: Our results showed that short abstinence may not be beneficial in all infertile males, and it should only be used in selected patients with abnormal DNA integrity.
MOESM9 of Genome-wide association studies of immune, disease and production traits in indigenous chicken ecotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 9: Table S8. Functional annotation clustering analysis using DAVID software for Jarso and Horro chickens. The most highly represented functional gene clusters located in the candidate genomic regions for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antibody titre, Salmonella enterica serovar Galinarum (SG) antibody titre, Pasteurella multosida (PM) antibody titre, Eimeria parasitism resistance, cestodes parasitism resistance and body condition score (BCS).
Analysis of drug-induced hepatotoxicity and FDA white papers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is the most frequent cause of liver injury. The economic burden of liver injury is substantial for our society. The risk of hepatotoxicity is a long standing problem and a major challenge for pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agency. We reviewed the FDA-PhRMA-AASLD's drug-induced hepatot- oxicity white papers and discussed the implication for drug development and regulatory policy. These white papers provided rich information about detection, evaluation and management of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Discussions in this paper could be considered for future improvement of Chinese regulatory policy related to hepatotoxicity.