jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical and economic impact of digital dashboards on hospital inpatient care: a systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Digital dashboards are used to monitor patients and improve inpatient outcomes in hospital settings. A systematic review assessed the impact of dashboards across five outcomes of hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), economic impacts, harms, and patient and carer satisfaction. Materials and Methods Nine databases were searched from inception to May 2024. Studies were included if they reported primary quantitative research on dashboard interventions in hospital settings, were in English, and measured effectiveness for patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals or services. Data synthesis was performed via narrative review. Risk of bias was measured using Cochrane ROBINS-I and RoB 2. Results We identified 5755 articles, and 70 met inclusion criteria. Of 20 findings reporting mortality (16 studies), five reported a decrease, whilst the majority (n = 15) found no significant change. LOS was reported across 43 findings (31 studies), with 28 reporting a reduction, an increase in five, and ten reporting no change. Of 21 findings (from 16 studies) reporting on harms, increases were observed in six, decreases in four, and no change in 11. Economic impacts were reported in 34 findings (31 studies), with the majority demonstrating reduced costs (n = 29), an increase in one, and no change in four. Eight findings (eight studies) reported on patient and carer satisfaction with care, with the majority (n = 6) demonstrating increased satisfaction, and two reporting no change. Discussion Hospital dashboards do appear associated with either no change or a reduction in mortality, reduced costs, reduced LOS, and improved patient and caregiver satisfaction with care. Association with harms was equivocal. Conclusion While there is evidence of potential benefits, actual impacts of hospital digital dashboard will likely be dependent on multiple local factors such as workflow integration.
Of Trade and Cognition: Markets and the Loss of Folk Knowledge among the Tawahka Indians of the Honduran Rain Forest

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Ricardian trade model is used to generate hypotheses about the effect of markets on indigenous people's loss or retention of folk knowledge. The model suggests that people should specialize in extracting fewer forest goods as village economies open up to trade with the outside world. Eighty Tawahka Indians (Honduras) from two villages with different degrees of exposure to the market took tests to measure their knowledge of local rain forest plants and animals. Results of multivariate analysis suggest that markets are associated with different patterns of erosion/retention of indigenous knowledge. Integration into the market through the sale of agricultural crops or labor was associated with less knowledge of plants and animals, but integration into the market through the sale of timber and nontimber forest goods was associated with higher test scores in knowledge of plants and animals. People who specialize in the sale of timber and nontimber forest goods seemed to know more about plants and animals with commercial value.
Effect of different precooling techniques on the storage behavior of tomato fruits at low and ambient temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparative study was carried out to determine the efficacy of different precooling treatments at three different cooling media temperatures on the shelf life of tomato fruit (cv. Narendra-2) when stored under low (13°C) and ambient temperature. The precooling with chilled water dipping took least time (<0.33 h) compared to hydrocooling (<0.41 h) and forced air cooling (<1.45 h) to remove field heat of tomato fruit. The maximum increase in shelf life up to 18 days was observed for treated fruit as compared to control under low temperature storage. For samples treated at 4°C, forced air cooling had a maximum shelf life of 27 days under ambient storage compared to control (18 days). The stored samples were periodically analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. After 12 days storage maximum physiological loss in weight 7.68%, spoilage 31.08%, firmness 468.64 N, total soluble solids 4.4%, titratable acidity 0.37% and lycopene content 4.20 mg/100g was observed.
Emotional dysregulation in endometriosis women with cyclical and non-cyclical chronic pelvic pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Endometriosis is a pathophysiological condition characterized by glands and stroma outside the uterus in regions such as the bladder, ureter, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, ovaries, and even in extra pelvic sites. One of the main clinical problems of endometriosis is chronic pelvic pain (CPP), which considerably affects the patients' quality of life. Patients with endometriosis may, cyclically or non-cyclically (80% of cases) experience CPP. High levels of anxiety and depression have been described in patients with endometriosis related to CPP; however, this has not been evaluated in endometriosis women with different types of CPP. Methods: This work aimed to determine if there are differences in emotional dysregulation in patients with cyclical and non-cyclical CPP. 49 women diagnosed with endometriosis presenting cyclical and non-cyclical CPP answered several batteries made up of Mini-Mental State Examination, Visual Analog Scale, Beck´s Depression Inventory, State Trait-Anxiety Inventory, and Generalized Anxiety Inventory. Results: We observed that patients with non-cyclical CPP exhibited higher levels of depression and anxiety (trait-state and generalized anxiety) than patients with cyclical pain. No differences were observed in pain intensity, but there was a higher probability of developing emotional dysregulation (anxiety or depression) in patients with non-cyclical CPP. No differences were observed in cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Our data suggest that patients with non-cyclical CPP present a higher emotional dysregulation than those with cyclical pain.
Elective, non-therapeutic ventilation: a reply to Browne et al., "The ethics of elective (non-therapeutic) ventilation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Browne, Gillett and Tweeddale propose that the use of non-therapeutic elective ventilation (EV) to secure transplantable organs is ethically indefensible. Their argument centres around several propositions: that explicit patient consent for EV is essential, but since it is not included in the consent process for donation from the patient, using it constitutes assault; that inferring consent for EV from the consent to donate itself is ethically and logically indefensible; and that explicit consent from next-of-kin should neither be sought nor honoured in view of the stress EV may cause to staff and families. This article examines their reasoning and suggests that it is fatally flawed. It argues further that in most cases of donation, not using EV may itself be unethical.
The extension of cancer of the head and neck through peripheral nerves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Invasion and extension along peripheral nerves by cancer of the head and neck region is more common than is usually realized. Eighty cases exhibiting this manner of spread are reported with the clinical and pathologic findings. Recognition of this manner of spread at the time of surgery may lead to modification of the usual surgical resection which may result in greater hope of cure. Recognition of this manner of spread helps to explain a number of recurrences and clinical syndromes which are otherwise puzzling.
Analiss Rasio Profitabilitas Untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT. Timah Tbk Tahun 2019-2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In other words, the profitability ratio may be used to gauge both the performance of the firm as well as its capacity to make productive use of its assets. It demonstrates the organization's capacity to earn profits. When a firm's profitability ratio is high, the total amount of profit that the company has accumulated is also high. How the calculation results of Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity at PT. Timah Tbk, how is the growth of financial performance at PT. Timah Tbk in terms of profitability ratios from 2019 to 2022 The wording of the research issue is how the calculation results of Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity at PT. Timah Tbk. The goal of this research was to identify the growth of PT. Timah Tbk in terms of profitability ratios from 2019 to 2022 by analyzing the results of calculating the Gross Profit Margin, the Net Profit Margin, the Return on Assets, and the Return on Equity at PT. Timah Tbk. This research was conducted with the intention of finding out the outcomes of these calculations. This study makes use of quantitative descriptive data as its primary source of information. This study makes use of secondary data, which includes information collected directly from the primary source (business) that serves as the research object, information obtained from the official website of the firm, and information obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The information is presented in the form of financial ratios that are taken from the financial reports that are issued at the conclusion of each period of the company's financial statements for PT. Timah Tbk, beginning with the 2019 period and continuing through the 2022 period. According to the findings of this research, the calculation of the profitability ratios of PT Timah Tbk, which is reviewed using Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Investment, and Return on Equity, experiences ups and downs (fluctuations). This indicates that the company's ability to gain profits from asset management, equity, and company revenues have decreased and increased, respectively. In terms of profitability ratios, PT. Timah Tbk has seen both growth and decline with each passing year. Therefore, the management at PT. Timah Tbk has relied on profitability ratio analysis as the foundation for their assessment of the company's overall financial performance.
Transversely Loaded Framework Members

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The standard method of strength calculation of a framework is based on the assumption that members are freely pinned together and external forces are applied only at nodes. Actually aircraft fuselage members are stiffly joined and transverse forces are often acting on them at considerable distances from nodes, e.g., weights of crew, instruments and oil, reactions of controls, stabiliser adjusting gear, etc. The safest method of computing stress in such members is to assume both ends pin—jointed. As they actually are stiffly connected to adjacent members, they are not allowed to twist freely, i.e. , the truss exerts moments on the loaded member. The effect of these end moments consists in diminishing deflection andfield moments. The decrease of maximum bending moment may attain nearly 50 per cent. Since framework members are designed to withstand axial forces only, viz., tension or compression, they are comparatively weak against bending and have to be strengthened appreciably if transverse forces are present.
[Establishment and primary clinical application of metabolic evaluation database of urolithiasis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To establish the metabolic evaluation database of urolithiasis, perform metabolic evaluation, and provide instructions for treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. Methods: This metabolic evaluation database was developed by JAVA and was established by Oracle11g database and Browser/Server framework. We extracted the clinical data of all patients who had complete information, and analyzed their risk factors of stone formation, stone-related medical history, blood and urine tests results and 24-hour urine analysis. Results: A total of 360 patients diagnosed as urolithiasis were included in this research. Male to female ratio was 1.9∶1, and the urolithiasis was first diagnosed at (35.5±13.5) years old. Family history was positive in 39.7% of patients. Metabolic syndrome occurred in 35.0% of patients. Overweight or obesity occurred in 73.2% and 50.0% of male patients, respectively. Abdominal obesity in 62.3% and 56.1% of male and female patients, respectively. Among all patients, 67.5% had high urine sodium, 53.6% had hypercalciuria, 41.1% had hypocitraturia, 29.7% had hyperuricosuria, 22.5% had hypomagnesuria, 15.8% had hyperoxaluria, 11.7% had hyperphosphoraturia, and 36.4% had low urinary volume. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight or obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in stone patients were significantly higher than those in general population. The number of 24-hour urinary abnormalities was positively associated with body mass index. The interventions on high urinary sodium, low urinary volume, obesity and metabolic syndrome were important to the treatment of urolithiasis. This database would facilitate the metabolic evaluation, provide evidence for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis, and lay foundation for finding important controllable risk factors of urinary stone.
FEATURES OF SOURCE AND FORM OF OFFENSE AND LEGAL LIABILITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article author considers about the interrelation and mutual inﬂuence of the source and form of the offense, as well as the source of legal liability and the forms of its realization on the basis of willed concept of law-making`s methodology. The classiﬁcations of types of offense`s source and form, the source of origin and realization of legal liability, the form of realization of legal liability, as well as the subforms (organizational and normative) of the liabilitys procedural form are created. An attempt of systematic and synthetic approach to studying the source and form of the offense and the source and form of realization of legal liability is made. The author proposes to introduce these categories into the scientiﬁc circulation and consider them in the doctrine of offense and legal liability.
2309 skin conditions and crowd-sourced high-level knowledge dataset for building a computer aided diagnosis system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Worldwide, it is believed that there are between 1000 to 2000 skin conditions of which 20% are difficult to diagnose. An intelligent computer-aided diagnosing system not only helps patients with no or little access to health services but also can benefit typical general practitioners, who have received minimal dermatology training. We have built a challenging dataset containing 2309 images from 44 different skin conditions. As most state-of-the-art visual recognition techniques fail to perform on this dataset, we provide crowd-sourced high-level knowledge of these images to enable the development of a "human in the loop" approach. This achieves higher recognition rates by combining visual features, and human provided information. The high-level knowledge was obtained through employing 361 "Amazon Mechanical Turk" workers (non-medical experts), who answered a set of predefined perceptual questions that represents the humans' understanding of lesions in the images. We have made the images, and the high-level knowledge information publicly available. In this paper, we present the data, methods of using it, and performances of three baseline techniques. This paper and its associated data will be very useful to facilitate the development of computer aided medical diagnostic techniques.
Two-port representation of a linear transmission line in the time domain

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This report discusses the adaptation of a linear section transmission line to a time-domain code. The linear section is described by frequency-domain parameters appropriately transformed into the time domain. On both ends of the linear section, the time-domain code employs difference equations to describe regions which may exhibit a nonlinear response. The interface between the linear and potentially nonlinear sections of cable produce boundary conditions joining the variant mathematical descriptions of the regions. This document reports on the formulation (in the time domain) of a two-part representation for a linear transmission line, and the joining of this result to a nonlinear, time-domain, transmission-line code. In general, the nonlinearities can occur in two regions: The first, or primary breakdown region, close to the burst, results from the high intensity fields associated with the nuclear device. The second, or secondary breakdown region, can occur at a discontinuity in the line far from the area of detonation. These are caused by signals propagated by the line and reflected at the discontinuity. These two regions are separated by a linear section of cable. Of course, this central line section is quite compatible with the nonlinear codes; that is, the difference equations representing the transmission-line equations are compatible with linear, as well as nonlinear, line behavior.
Optimisation of the Bovine Whole In Vitro Embryo System as a Sentinel for Toxicity Screening: A Cadmium Challenge

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Developmental toxicity testing could greatly benefit from the availability of an in vitro alternative model based on the use of animal embryos that have better human-like physiology than the currently-used alternative models. These current models are insufficient, as extrapolation of the results can be challenging. Therefore, an in vitro bovine embryo culture system was used to expose individual morulae to test substances, and to study developmental characteristics up to the blastocyst stage. Cadmium was chosen as the reference toxicant to investigate the sensitivity of the bovine morulae to various concentrations and exposure times. Oocytes from slaughterhouse-obtained bovine ovaries, were maturated, fertilised and cultured up until the morula stage. Morulae were exposed to different cadmium concentrations for 18 or 70 hours, and developmental competence, embryo quality and the expression of cadmium exposure-related genes were evaluated. Cadmium exposure hampered embryonic developmental competence and quality. Compared with the 18-hour exposure, the 70-hour exposure induced a 20-fold higher toxic response with regard to developmental competence and a more ‘cadmium-typical’ transcript expression. The bovine morula might be a promising tool for toxicity testing as, following exposure, the embryos reacted in a sensitive and ‘cadmium-typical’ manner to our reference toxicant.
Attitudes of patients to alternative medicine for cancer treatment.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Awareness of attitudes to different types of medicine is very important for estabishment of cancer prevention programs. Alternative medicine has become an important feature of oncology regardless of geographic region, and in India, the majority of cancer patients present at late advance stage of disease when curative treatment cannot be initiated. Given the lack of facilities it is no surprise that many Indian cancer patients try various complementary and alternative medicines, depsite the fact that little is known about their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. A study was conducted in 300 biopsy proven cancer patients undergoing alternative cancer therapy with Psorinum in Kolkata. The main aim of the study was to analyze the patients'/caregivers narratives regarding the therapy they have been trying. One hundred and ninety five patients (65%) have consulted their oncologists before trying this therapy. About 18.5% of the patients expressed satisfaction with the therapy due to the holistic nature and team approach employed for patient management. The cost of the therapy was within the reach of many cancer patients belonging to the underprivileged segment of the society, contributing to its immense popularity in Kolkata. Whether this can be translated into a willingness to use similar natural compounds for cancer prevention and treatment purposes now needs to be analysed.
Research and Realization of Steganalysis on Images in Internet Content Security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,common techniques of steganography and steganalysis on spatial domain and transformation domain are analyzed separately.A steganalysis technique based on spectrum analysis of difference histogram offrequency coefficients,which is universal in image's frequency domain such as DFT,DCT or DWT domain,is researched.And a steganalysis technique based on spectrum analysis of difference histogram of frequency coefficients,which is universal in image's frequency domain,is re- searched.The author designed a steganalysis module of images and used them in the Internet content security gateway and the functional experiments showed the proposed method can detect the steg-images efficiently.
Targeting Caspases 3/6 and Cathepsins L/B May Decrease Laminopathy-Induced Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Laminopathy is a pathological manifestation observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to neuronal apoptosis. Objective: Our objective was to assess inhibitors of enzymes involved in laminopathy. Methods: The mRNA expression of the cathepsins L and B, caspases 3 and 6, lamins b1 and b2, granzymes A and B, and lamins A and C were extracted and analyzed from GSE5281 and GSE28146 datasets. A total of 145 ligands were selected for molecular docking. Subsequently, 10 ns and 100 ns atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and Martini 3 were performed with NAMD for two selected ligands (PubChem id: 608841 and ChEMBL id: 550872). Results: The mRNA expression level highlighted caspase 6 and lamin A/C upregulation in the hippocampus of the AD samples, in contrast to cathepsin B, lamin b2, and caspase 3. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the expression level of cathepsin B, lamin A/C, and caspase 6 in the AD group. The MD results suggested molecule with ChEMBL id of 550872 had higher free binding energy, while in longer simulation the molecule with PubChem id of 608841 was suggested to be more stable in complex with the receptor. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lamins A/C, cathepsins B/L, caspase 6, and lamin B2 are associated with laminopathy as potential factors contributing to apoptosis in AD. We propose that simultaneous inhibition of caspases 6 and cathepsins L may decrease the rate of apoptosis triggered by lamin degradation. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these observations due to the lack of in vivo findings.