jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment of open extruded fracture neck of the talus using the combined method of external fixation modified for dynamic ankle joint fixation and Kirschner wires

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Open extruded fractures of the talus occur in 2% of talar fractures. These fractures are challenging for surgeons due to complications such as infection, nonunion, and arthritis. The most common treatment method is talus reimplantation and osteosynthesis. Case report: A 19-year-old presented with an open extruded fracture of the talus, classified as Hawkins II, following a fall from a height. Emergency surgery involved wound debridement, talus reimplantation, osteosynthesis with modified external fixation for dynamic ankle joint fixation (Mitkovic-type), and two Kirschner wires. Fragments were repositioned under C-Arm fluoroscopy. The patient received a 14-day antibiotic regimen (Cephalosporins, Aminoglycoside, Metronidazole) and thromboembolic prophylaxis for 35 days. After 6 weeks we allowed movements in the ankle joint with physical therapy. Gradual weight-bearing was allowed after 8 weeks. The osteosynthetic material was removed after 18 weeks, with full weight-bearing achieved after 6 months. Radiographic follow-up was conducted up to 24 months postoperatively, showing excellent healing with minimal dorsiflexion restriction. Conclusions: Treating this injury is a significant challenge. External fixation can be a viable method for managing open luxation fractures of the talus.
Relationship of small-for-dates sac size to crown-rump length and spontaneous abortion in patients with a known date of ovulation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous abortion after established sonographic viability is rare. This study prospectively evaluated 39 late first-trimester abortions after fetal viability was established by ultrasound. The average crown-rump length measurement and mean sac diameter in this group were determined and compared with predicted values based on known conception dates, and the discrepancy between actual and predicted measurements was noted. The same calculations were then made on 39 prospectively matched non-aborting controls. We also determined the difference between sac size and crown-rump length in both groups. Significant differences were found for all three measures. Small-for-dates sac size and small-for-dates crown-rump length were defined as having a discrepancy score greater than 1 standard deviation (SD) above normal. Small-for-dates sac/crown-rump length was defined as having a discrepancy score less than 1 SD below normal. A high percentage of aborters was correctly predicted by a mean sac diameter (82%) or crown-rump length (77%) that was greater than +1 SD, with few false positives (12.8 and 5.1%, respectively). The cutoff for differences of sac minus crown-rump length measurements (10.1 mm) was less sensitive (56%), but just as specific (82%). When both the mean sac diameter and crown-rump length were smaller than expected (according to known date of ovulation), the ability to predict abortion was 71% with few false positives (3.5%).
Falls and femoral fractures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hence we can ask the same important question as in the case of cell-mediated immunity: do healthy people with warts differ from the rest of the population in their ability to form antibodies ?One hint that they do comes from the finding that patients with warts may have a higher prevalence of autoantibodies-for example, to smooth muscle'5-than do controls.The questions flow on.Grubby and trivial warts may still be-but boring no longer.They are turning into a valuable model for studying man's response to tumours and to viral infections.
Comparison of altmetrics with conventional bibliometrics in the surgical literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The impact of a research publication has traditionally been quantified by its citation count.Newer bibliometric indices such as Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and article page views are emerging as supplementary measures to quantify the academic influence of research. Objective:The aim of the current study was to interrogate the relationship between novel and traditional bibliometric indices for research published in a leading surgical journal and evaluate the role of these newer indices in measuring the impact of surgical research.Methods: All articles published in JAMA Surgery between 1 January 2019 and 1 September 2021 were examined.The literature database PubMed was used to identify all articles published within the specified time period.Cumulative citation count (Web of Science), AAS and article page views were retrieved from the journal website.Statistical analysis using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) was performed on Minitab 19.Results: A total of 1,071 articles were retrieved for further analysis.The correlation (95% CI) between ranks for all articles was 0.635 (0.594-0.673) for AAS and citation scores, 0.680 (0.642-0.714) for citations and article page views, and 0.813 (0.788-0.835) for AAS and article page views. Conclusions:We demonstrated a strong correlation between citations and AAS for articles published in a leading surgical journal.The inter-year correlation between 2019 and 2021 was similar, suggesting that AAS could be predictive of future citations.AAS may be useful in evaluating the wider societal impact of the surgical literature and could serve to promote greater public engagement in surgical research.
Management Strategy of PAUD Permata Bunda Binubu Baru Nagari Sontang Cubadak Padang Gelugur District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is motivated by the development of the Permata Bunda Binubu Baru PAUD institution in recent years. This is presumably due to the institutional management strategy carried out by the manager. Therefore the public interest in this institution is also very good. This study aims (1) to describe the management plan for PAUD Permata Bunda. (2) to describe the organization of Permata Bunda PAUD management. (3) to describe the implementation of the management of Permata Bunda PAUD. (4) to describe the oversight of Permata Bunda PAUD management. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The setting of this research was conducted at Permata Bunda Binubu Baru PAUD, Nagari Sontang Cubadak, Padang Gelugur District, Pasaman Regency. Sources of data for this research were obtained from school principals, educators and also guardians of Permata Bunda PAUD students. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. The validity of the data obtained from this study is the triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. The results of the study show that (1) there is a planning for PAUD Permata Bunda in the form of a long-term work plan and a short-term work plan. (2) the organization of Permata Bunda PAUD takes the form of selecting and recruiting prospective educators, organizing educator training, organizing educator salaries. (3) the implementation of PAUD Permata Bunda in the form of PAUD accreditation, religious activities, and renewal of PAUD buildings. (4) supervision of Permata Bunda PAUD in the form of supervising dropping off and picking up young children using the school bus, as well as supervision while at school.
Development of a Spectrophotometric Technique for The Estimation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in its Pure also in Pharmaceutical Formulatio, using organic reagent (A1)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

تم تطوير تقنية طيفية حساسة وبسيطة ودقيقة لتقدير دواء السلفاميثوكسازول (SMX) في حالته النقية وفي التركيب الصيدلاني. تم إنشاؤها عن طريق تفاعل (SMX) مع المادة الكيميائية العضوية (A1) بعد أكسدتها بواسطة كلوريد الحديد وبوتاسيوم بيريودات في وسط حمضي. تم قياس امتصاص المنتج الناتج عن (SMX) و (A1) عند طول موجي 423 نانومتر. تتراوح الخطية بين (0.5-22.5 ميكروغرام/مل)، كانت قيمة الامتصاص المولي (6.839 *10+3 لتر / مول. سم)، وكانت حدود الكشف والتحديد (0.204، 0.612 ميكروغرام/مل) على التوالي. تم تطبيق الطريقة بنجاح على تقدير السلفاميثوكسازول في الشكل النقي وفي التركيبات الصيدلانية.
Nonconscious activation of placebo and nocebo pain responses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The dominant theories of human placebo effects rely on a notion that consciously perceptible cues, such as verbal information or distinct stimuli in classical conditioning, provide signals that activate placebo effects. However, growing evidence suggest that behavior can be triggered by stimuli presented outside of conscious awareness. Here, we performed two experiments in which the responses to thermal pain stimuli were assessed. The first experiment assessed whether a conditioning paradigm, using clearly visible cues for high and low pain, could induce placebo and nocebo responses. The second experiment, in a separate group of subjects, assessed whether conditioned placebo and nocebo responses could be triggered in response to nonconscious (masked) exposures to the same cues. A total of 40 healthy volunteers (24 female, mean age 23 y) were investigated in a laboratory setting. Participants rated each pain stimulus on a numeric response scale, ranging from 0 = no pain to 100 = worst imaginable pain. Significant placebo and nocebo effects were found in both experiment 1 (using clearly visible stimuli) and experiment 2 (using nonconscious stimuli), indicating that the mechanisms responsible for placebo and nocebo effects can operate without conscious awareness of the triggering cues. This is a unique experimental verification of the influence of nonconscious conditioned stimuli on placebo/nocebo effects and the results challenge the exclusive role of awareness and conscious cognitions in placebo responses.
Aggregate Stability in Two Soils Under Different Uses and Managements

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study was carried out in Jardim Novo Horizonte sub-basin river, in Ilha Solteira municipality, northwest SÃƒÂ£o Paulo state, Brazil, a region with environmental issues such as soil erosion and river silting. The aim of the research was to assess the aggregates stability in the soils of the sub-basin river in order to verify the susceptibility to erosion. Soils in the sub-basin river are classified as Oxisol and Alfisol, both with medium texture. The analysis was carried out in samples from ten locations, six located in the Oxisol and four in the Alfisol and in each location five replications were made consisting of the following uses: one with mango cropping, four with pasture and one with an annual crop in the Oxisol and two with pasture, one with annual crop and one with forest fragment in the Alfisol. The different uses and managements influenced aggregate stability only in the Oxisol. The areas cropped with pasture presented the highest percentages of the largest aggregate classes in the two soils studied. The opposite effect was observed in the areas under annual crops, with greater percentages of the small aggregate classes. The greatest mean weighted diameter values were found for the pasture and the smallest for the annual crops, regardless of the soil. The areas cultivated with annual crops had a higher susceptibility to erosion.
Dialysis for schizophrenia: an uncontrolled study of 11 patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors evaluated hemodialysis as a treatment for schizophrenia in an uncontrolled study of 11 patients. Eight men and two women with chronic schizophrenia who had responded poorly to conventional treatments or who had sought alternate treatments received three dialyses weekly for 3 weeks; 1 additional subject dropped out after eight treatments. MMPI, Psychiatric Status Scale, and Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale scores were obtained before, immediately following, and at intervals after the nine treatments. Preliminary results, including 1-month follow-up, suggest that subjects with pretreatment anxiety and depression improved. No endorphins were discovered in the dialysate.
THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN FACTORS ON THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS BY CLAVICEPS PURPUREA (FR.) TUL.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eighteen of 41 isolates of Clavkeps purpurea produced a detectable quantity of the ergot alkaloids under standard conditions. Large differences in yield indicated that strain differences existed. There was no correlation, however, between the capacity to produce alkaloids and either the species of host from which the culture was isolated or the pigmentation of the culture.The time of incubation and the composition of the medium were important in determining whether natural light stimulated or inhibited the synthesis or accumulation of ergot alkaloids.Commercial galactose, which was contaminated with glucose and lactose, was the most efficient carbon source examined, but the rate of synthesis was markedly reduced if the galactose was purified before use. The activity of commercial galactose could be replaced by a mixture of pure galactose and glucose but not by a mixture of galactose and lactose. A strong interaction existed between the concentration of commercial galactose and phosphate. Ammonium succinate, soybean meal, urea, and yeast extract were the most efficient nitrogen sources examined. L-Tryptophane could not serve as a nitrogen source for growth but when added as a supplement influenced alkaloid production. Succinic but not citric, tartaric, phosphoric, acetic, or sulphuric acid could be used successfully to adjust the initial pH of the production medium. The replacement culture technique did not shorten the incubation time required for alkaloid production.Production of alkaloid, growth, and consumption of carbon and nitrogen proceeded at a steady rate until the 43rd day when the rate decreased markedly. Organic nitrogen but not polysaccharide was secreted into the medium.The total yield and the rate of alkaloid synthesis was influenced by the size of the inoculum and by the nature of the agent used to suspend the inoculum, but not by the number of times the inoculum was washed. The rate of production was very slow if the inoculum source was not homogenized.
Strain controlled electronic and transport anisotropies in two-dimensional borophene sheets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two recent reports on realization of an elemental 2D analogue of graphene:borophene (Science, 2015, 350, 1513–1516; Nat. Chem., 2016, 8, 563–568) focus on the inherent anisotropy and directional dependence of the electronic properties in borophene polymorphs.
Motion Planning for Serpentine Robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Serpentine robots o er advantages over traditional mobile robots and robot arms because they provide enhanced exibility and reachability, especially in convoluted environments. These robots are well suited to inspect large space-fairing truss structures such as the future space station and can also be used to inspect the Space Shuttle cargo bay before launch. Serpentine mechanisms o er unique capabilities on Earth to applications such as search and rescue, surface coating, and minimally invasive surgery. The work, described in this paper, will exploit a geometric structure, termed aroadmap, to guide the motions of a serpentine robot in highly convoluted spaces. This approach o ers advantages over previous work with serpentine robots because it provides a general mathematical structure that is not mechanism speci c, thereby having applications to a large class of problems. 1
Agreement in estimates of body fat percentage between BIA and BMIbased body fat equations in female young adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare body fat percentage (BF%) values estimated with various body mass index (BMI)-based BF% equations and bioelectrical impedance (BIA). METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three female young adults (age=20.5±1.8 years, BMI=21.5±3.1kg/m2) participated in the study. Height and body mass were measured to calculate BMI. BF% was determined by BIA and predicted using BMI-based equations (BMIDE; BMIJA; BMIWO; BMIGA). RESULTS: Dependent t-test results revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in BF% between BIA and BMIJA. However, significant differences (P<0.01) were found between BIA and all other equations in BF%. The magnitude of difference, when compared to BIA, was trivial for BMIJA (ES 0.10), and small for BMIDE, BMIWO, and BMIGA (ES 0.24, 0.47 and 0.24, respectively). The standard error of estimate ranged from 3.85 (BMIJA) to 3.91% (BMIGA). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the 95% limits of agreement were narrowest for BMIJA (±7.62%) and widest for BMIDE (±8.47%). CONCLUSION: These results highlight the practical usefulness of BMIJA equation in predicting BF% among female young adults when BIA, one of the most ubiquitous field techniques, is not available.
Behaviour of dissolved organic matter during formation of natural and artificially grown Baltic Sea ice

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract During sea-ice formation, the dissolved constituents of water are rejected from ice crystals. the initial fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Baltic Sea ice was studied through two freezing experiments and by sampling natural sea ice. DOM was characterized by the spectral absorption of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and the parallel factor analysis of DOM fluorescence. Molecular weight measurements of DOM were applied to assess changes in the molecular size distribution of DOM in new sea ice relative to parent sea water. Both in the newly formed artificial and the natural sea ice, CDOM was enriched by 34–39% relative to salinity. the same three identified DOM fluorophores were present both in sea water and ice but enriched by 15–54% relative to salinity in ice. After the incorporation of DOM into ice, the ageing of ice decreased the spectral slope coefficient and the molecular weight of DOM. This study shows that physical processes during freezing of brackish water enrich chromo- and fluorophoric DOM relative to salts in sea ice.
Melting temperature of trans‐polyoctenamer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of microstructure on crystallizability of polyoctenamers prepared by R 3 Al‐WCl 6 catalyst was studied. The results indicate that polyoctenamers with a broad range of trans ‐vinylene content do crystallize. The measured melting points are dependent on the trans ‐vinylene content. From the dependence of melting temperature on copolymer composition, a value of 73 ± 2°C. for the melting point and a molar heat of fusion Δ H u of 3520 cal./mole are calculated for 100% trans ‐polyoctenamer. From the melting point depression in the presence of diluent, a value for Δ H u of 4800 cal./mole is obtained.
Promoting Clean cooking biofuel in Ethiopia: Quali-quantitative discrete choice approach to analyse socio economic problems as an integrated tool

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bio-energy has a special status among renewable energy sources, and will inevitably play a leading role in the global transition to clean and sustainable energy. It has several decisive advantages over other renewables in terms of efficiency, safety, cleanness, and low impact on the environment. This study assesses a bio-ethanol program in Ethiopia based on a stated preference survey carried out in 2008. Bio-ethanol is considered as as a cooking fuel in the area and locally produced under a development program supported by a local NGO. The objectives of the program is to promote a clean and safety cooking ethanol at an affordable cost. Currently, local people use other fuels such as kerosene, charcoal, and fire-wood, which are more polluting, dangerous, and expensive (without a subsidy) than the bio-ethanol. This study developed an integrated quali-quanti discrete choice approach to assess the potential of the clean energy. The qualitative part identifies contextualised social and cultural specificities associated with cooking fuels. Then, some of the social issues are integrated into a quantitative discrete choice analysis together with other economic factors. The qualitative and quantitative analyses complement each other's weakness and strength.
BIDIMENSIÓN DEL PODER E IDEOLOGÍA EN LA PERSPECTIVA TEÓRICA DE LA PEDAGOGÍA CRÍTICA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the power and ideology question as well as their implications to develop a discourse which articulates, production of meanings with subjectivity, identity and difference, in relation to education. The subject matter is approached from the theoretical framework of critical pedagogy, specifically its two-dimensional conception of power, and the relations it keeps with the ideological processes of construction of subjectivity and the possibilities of resistance and counter-hegemony in education.
Satisfaction with Daily Occupations – Instrument erfüllt Kriterien

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Das schwedische Instrument Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO) misst, was es messen soll, nämlich die Zufriedenheit mit täglichen Aktivitäten. Für das Ergebnis überprüften Mona Eklund und Brigitta Gunnarsson von der Lund Universität in Schweden Inhaltsvalidität, klinischen Nutzen sowie Sensitivität.
Novel Diabetic Foot Wound Dressing Based on Multifunctional Hydrogels with Extensive Temperature-Tolerant, Durable, Adhesive, and Intrinsic Antibacterial Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are hard-healing chronic wounds and susceptible to bacterial infection. Conventional hydrogel dressings easily lose water at high temperature or freeze at low temperature, making them unsuitable for long-term use or in extreme environments. Herein, a temperature-tolerant (-20 to 60 °C) antibacterial hydrogel dressing is fabricated by the assembly of polyacrylamide, gelatin, and ε-polylysine. Owing to the water/glycerin (Gly) binary solvent system, the resultant hydrogel (G-PAGL) displayed good heat resistance and antifreezing properties. Within the wide temperature range (-20 to 60 °C), all the desirable features of the hydrogel, including superstretchability (>1400%), enduring water retention, adhesiveness, and persistent antibacterial property, are quite stable. Remarkably, the hydrogel wound dressing displayed lasting and broad antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Satisfactorily, the double-network (DN) G-PAGL hydrogel dressing could effectively promote the healing of DFUs by accelerating collagen deposition, promoting angiogenesis, and inhibiting bacterial breed. As far as we know, this is the first time that the extensive temperature-tolerant DN hydrogel with antibacterial ability is developed to use as DFU wound dressing. The G-PAGL hydrogel provides more choices for DFU wound dressings that could be used in extreme environments.
Predictors of Mortality Among the Elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to find the quantitative importance of some predictors of mortality among the population aged 70 or over.The predictors are socio-economic indicators (income, wealth and education), thirteen health indicators including a history of heart attack or cancer, and subjective probabilities of survival.The estimation is based on mortality between waves 1 and 2 of the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest-Old study.We find that the relationship between socio-economic indicators and mortality declines with age, that the 13 health indicators are strong predictors of mortality and that the subjective survival probabilities predict mortality even after controlling for socio-economic indicators and the health conditions.