jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Study of High Resolution CT and MRI in Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the value of HRCT and MRI in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss.Materials and Methods 48 children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss were performed with CT and MRI.Results 21 cases had congenital malformations of the inner ear, the remaining 27 cases had no any anomalies. In total of 21 cases, 11 cases with enlarged vestibular aqueduct showed by CT, however, MRI manifested enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac in 11 cases, 2 cases with single Mondini Ⅱ malformation, 2 cases with semicircular canal malformations, 1 case with common cavity associated with stenosis of IAC, 2 cases with CSF fistula to the inner ear. 1 case with Mondini Ⅰ malformation associated with stenosis of IAC, 1 case with stenosis of IAC associated with semicircular canal and vestibules malformations, 1 case with single stenosis of IAC. In all cases with stenosis of IAC, MRI showed anomalous vestibulocochlear nerves.Conclusion MRI is superior to CT in evaluating children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss.
Exploration of HER2 (ERBB2) immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with ERBB2 mutational status: experimental research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ERBB2 ( HER2 ) is a gene in humans that encodes the ERBB2 protein, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Non-small cell lung carcinomas do not commonly harbour ERBB2 mutations, with clinical trials conducted to assess for targeted response and progression-free survival. We retrieved cases of lung adenocarcinoma with next-generation sequencing proven ERBB2 point mutations ( n =8) or amplifications ( n =11) and assessed the concordance of commercially available ERBB2 (HER2) immunohistochemical antibodies with the next-generation sequencing result. At present, no commercially available ERBB2 clone can accurately detect ERBB2 mutations consistently in non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens, but amplifications can be detected with reasonable diagnostic accuracy.
Enhanced permeability of blood–brain barrier and targeting function of brain via borneol-modified chemically solid lipid nanoparticle

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hui Song, Man Wei, Nan Zhang, He Li, Xiaochuan Tan, Yujia Zhang, Wensheng Zheng Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Introduction: The incidence of central nervous system disease has increased in recent years. However, the transportation of drug is restricted by the blood–brain barrier, contributing to the poor therapeutic effect in the brain. Therefore, the development of a new brain-targeting drug delivery system has become the hotspot of pharmacy. Materials and methods: Borneol, a simple bicyclic monoterpene extracted from Dryobalanops aromatica, can direct drugs to the upper body parts according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Dioleoyl phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) was chemically modified by borneol as one of the lipid materials of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) in the present study. Results: The borneol-modified chemically solid lipid nanoparticle (BO-SLN/CM), borneol-modified physically solid lipid nanoparticle (BO-SLN/PM), and SLN have similar diameter (of about 87 nm) and morphological characteristics. However, BO-SLN/CM has a lower cytotoxicity, higher cell uptake, and better blood–brain barrier permeability compared with BO-SLN/PM and SLN. BO-SLN/CM has a remarkable targeting function to the brain, while BO-SLN/PM and SLNs are concentrated at the lung. Conclusion: The present study provides an excellent drug delivery carrier, BO-SLN/CM, having the application potential of targeting to the brain and permeating to the blood–brain barrier. Keywords: blood–brain barrier, solid lipid nanoparticle, phospholipid modification, BBB model in vitro, body distribution
Music in Ancient Crete and Mycenæ

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| August 01 1942 Music in Ancient Crete and Mycenæ Otto Gombosi Otto Gombosi Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Bulletin of the American Musicological Society (1942) 6: 25–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/829208 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Otto Gombosi; Music in Ancient Crete and Mycenæ. Bulletin of the American Musicological Society 1 August 1942; 6 25–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/829208 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1942 Arthur Mendel Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
C. elegans CARMIL negatively regulates UNC-73/Trio function during neuronal development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Whereas many molecules that promote cell and axonal growth cone migrations have been identified, few are known to inhibit these processes. In genetic screens designed to identify molecules that negatively regulate such migrations, we identified CRML-1, the C. elegans homolog of CARMIL. Although mammalian CARMIL acts to promote the migration of glioblastoma cells,we found that CRML-1 acts as a negative regulator of neuronal cell and axon growth cone migrations. Genetic evidence indicates that CRML-1 regulates these migrations by inhibiting the Rac GEF activity of UNC-73, a homolog of the Rac and Rho GEF Trio. The antagonistic effects of CRML-1 and UNC-73 can control the direction of growth cone migration by regulating the levels of the SAX-3(a Robo homolog) guidance receptor. Consistent with the hypothesis that CRML-1 negatively regulates UNC-73 activity, these two proteins form a complex in vivo. Based on these observations, we propose a role for CRML-1 as a novel regulator of cell and axon migrations that acts through inhibition of Rac signaling.
Getting the Swing of Surface Gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Sports are a popular and effective way to illustrate physics principles. Baseball in particular presents a number of opportunities to motivate student interest and teach concepts. Several articles have appeared in this journal on this topic,1 illustrating a wide variety of areas of physics. In addition, several websites2 and an entire book3 are available. In this paper we describe a student-designed project that illustrates the relative surface gravity on the Earth, Sun, and other solar system bodies using baseball. We describe the project and its results here as an example of a simple, fun, and student-driven use of baseball to illustrate an important physics principle.
Systemic infection resembling hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome caused by adenovirus type 11.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome is an acute febrile illness characterized by fever, hemorrhagic manifestations and various degrees of nephropathy. Hantavirus, a separate genus of the family Bunyaviridae that is considered the etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome, apparently has a worldwide distribution.1.2 We report a case of systemic infection resembling hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome caused by adenovirus type 11. Although this virus is already known to cause acute hemorrhagic cystitis,3 our case indicates that it may also produce generalized infection.
Using mathematical models and artificial neural networks for predicting the compressive strength of concrete with steel fibers exposed to high temperatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study mathematical methods and artificial neural network (ANN) model are used to predict the compressive strength of concrete with steel fibers exposed at high temperatures. The data used in the models construction were obtained from laboratory experiments. The compressive strength was experimentally determined for specimens containing three volume fractions of steel fibers 0.19%,0.25%, 0.5% were used and two different water/cement ratios (w/c of 0.35 and 0.45). Specimens were subjected to various heating-cooling cycles from the room temperature to 200, 400, and 600°C. The inputs models of ANN were temperature, w/c, percentage of porosity, ultrasonic pulse velocity; percentage of steel fibers and percentage superplasticizer, the output was the compressive strength of concrete. Four mathematical models were development to predict the compressive strength. Three mathematical models including a number of functions to express the strength-porosity relationship, and other model used to establish the relationships between strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Mathematical methods, artificial neural network and their results were evaluated and compared. The results show that ANN has good potential to be used as a tool for predicting the compressive strength of concrete with steel fibers exposed to high temperatures.
Optimisation of abrasive water jet cutting process parameters for AA5083-H32 aluminium alloy using fuzzy TOPSIS method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the identification of abrasive water jet process parameters for the cutting of AA5083-H32 aluminium alloy using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. Such identification requires a precise work in abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting, considering that it determines the quality and performance of the process. In the present work, optimisation studies were carried out through using the fuzzy TOPSIS method for the determination of better optimal process parameters. The Taguchi full factorial method was used for the experimental design and the weighting of each output response was determined by a triangular fuzzy number method. The selection of optimal input parameters such as water jet pressure of 150 MPa, abrasive mesh size of #80 and jet impingement angle of 80° have been suggested for the precise work conducted in AWJ. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for examining the AWJ cut surfaces at the optimal level of process parameter settings. An energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was employed to confirm the number of silicon particles embedded in the cut surfaces. The experimental result indicates the improvement in the quality of AWJ cutting by the fuzzy TOPSIS method through the identification of better optimal input process parameters.
Serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1α, IL-1β) in patients with alopecia areata

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is disease characterized by focally, nonscarring hair loss on the scalp or other parts of the body.It affects 1-2% population of both genders and occurs at all age groups.The etiology is unknown, although most evidence supports the hypothesis that AA is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle and that cytokines play an important role.Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate serum concentrations of IL-1α and IL-1β in patients with AA and healthy subjects and also to asses a possible association between these cytokines and duration of the disease.Methods: Forty six patients with AA and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Serum concentrations of IL-1α and IL-1β were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques.Results: The serum level of IL-1α in patients with AA was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.34±0.86pg/mL vs 3.66±0.35pg/mL, respectively).IL-1β levels were greater in patients with AA than in controls (2.35±0.17pg/mL vs 2.24±0.30,respectively) but the difference was not significant (p>0.05).No correlations were found between duration of disease and the serum levels of IL-1α and IL-1β. Conclusion:Our results have demonstrated the importance of determining IL-1a concentration in serum in patients with AA.This research could contribute to the interpretation of insufficiently well known views of the pathogenesis role and significance of IL-1α in AA. StreszczenieWstęp: Łysienie plackowate to choroba charakteryzująca się ogniskowym, niebliznowaciejącym łysieniem skóry głowy lub też innych okolic ciała.Choroba ta dotyka 1-2% populacji, bez predylekcji płci ani też wieku.Etiologia choroby pozostaje nieznana, jednakże najwięcej dowodów potwierdza hipotezę, że AA jest chorobą autoimmunologiczną mediowaną za pomocą komórek T, zajmującą korzeń włosa oraz że cytokiny pełnią w tym procesie ważną
Measurement of the Natural Contents of RaD (Pb210) and RaF (Po210) in Human Bone—Estimates of Whole-Body Burdens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The natural RaD (Pb210) concentration in man has been determined from measurement of the RaF (Po210) in bone samples obtained from surgery and autopsy of unexposed individuals, mostly from Illinois. About 63 per cent of the RaD is in the skeleton in apparent equilibrium with RaF and, within a factor of 2, it is uniformly distributed in the skeleton. The average RaD concentration found in 128 bone samples was 0.146 ± 0.020 pc/g ash as compared to an average Ra226 concentration of 0.037 ± 0.007 pc/g ash. Little correlation between the two nuclides was observed. The average RaD concentrations in the skeleton were 0.161 pc/g ash in men and 0.119 pc/g ash in women. These concentrations were generally higher in trabecular than in cortical bone, 0.184 and 0.105 pc/g ash, respectively. No particular correlation was found between the residence histories of the donors and the RaD concentrations in their skeletons. Calculations based on some of the metabolic parameters of lead and on the known concentrations of Ra226, Rn222 and RaD in the human biosphere, show food and air to be the major contributors of RaD in the subjects studied. The RaDEF decay chain is shown to contribute a radiation dose to the human skeleton more than double that from Ra226 and about equal to that from Ra226 and Ra228 combined.
IgG Antibody Response to the Pfizer BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with Healthy Weight, Overweight, and Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity is a significant factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. Because of the higher potential for negative outcomes following infection of individuals with obesity, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy is an important public health concern. Few studies have measured the magnitude and durability of the vaccine-specific response in relation to BMI. We measured the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific serum IgG and surrogate neutralizing titers in a cohort of 126 vaccinated individuals with no clinical history or serological evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection 50 and 200 days following vaccination. BMI had no significant impact on RBD-specific IgG titers and surrogate neutralizing titers 50 days following immunization, and leptin levels had no correlation with the response to immunization. Two hundred days following immunization, antibody titers in all groups had declined by approximately 90%. The responses were also similar between male and female participants and did not significantly vary across age groups. These results indicate that the magnitude and durability of the antibody response to mRNA-based vaccines are unaffected by BMI in this cohort.
Comparative biology of oogenesis in nemertean worms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Stricker, S. A., Smythe, T. L., Miller, L. and Norenburg, J. L. 2001. Comparative biology of oogenesis in nemertean worms. — Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 82 : 213–230 In order to supplement previous analyses of oogenesis in nemertean worms, this study uses light and electron microscopy to compare the ovaries and oocytes in 16 species of nemerteans that represent various taxa within the phylum. Nemertean ovaries comprise serially repeated sacs with an ovarian wall that characteristically includes myofilament‐containing cells interspersed among the germinal epithelium. Each oocyte can attach to the germinal epithelium by a vegetally situated stalk and resides in the ovarian lumen without being surrounded by follicle cells. In the ovary, oocytes arrest at prophase I of meiosis and contain a hypertrophied nucleus (‘germinal vesicle’) that often possesses multiple nucleoli. Intraovarian growth apparently involves an autosynthetic mode of yolk formation in most nemerteans and generates oocytes that measure ~60 µm to 1 mm. When fully developed, oocytes can be discharged through a short gonoduct and are either spawned freely or deposited within egg cases. In most species, oocytes released from the ovary possess extracellular coats and resume maturation by undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Such post‐GVBD specimens also form a punctate endoplasmic reticulum that may facilitate fertilization and development.
Maintaining efficiency in a satellite radiology department

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this paper the organisation of a radiology satellite department is described. In the satellite department only bucky examinations are performed, thus avoiding the need for the duplication of sophisticated material and specialized staff. The satellite department maintains as efficient a service as the main radiology department. For this purpose a digital radiology system was chosen for the satellite department. This system permits digital data to be sent to the main location. This results in a maximisation of the advantages of a two-location system as well as avoiding the need for patients' files to be moved between different locations.
Antiplatelet Therapies: Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Thienopyridines, and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors for the Management of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Platelet adhesion, aggregation, and activation play a key role in initiating and propagating coronary thrombosis. This provides opportunities to pharmacologically interfere with platelet function and antiplatelet therapies are a central component in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Whether the reperfusion strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is pharmacologic or catheter-based, the use of adjunctive antiplatelet therapy can reduce the rate of death and ischemic complications. Aspirin, an irreversible inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase 1, provides mortality benefit to STEMI patients and is a cornerstone of therapy. Thienopyridines inhibit platelet activation and aggregation by targeting the P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor and have been shown to provide mortality benefit in STEMI patients. Clopidogrel is preferred over ticlopidine due to a more favorable side effect profile. The Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy – Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 28 trial (CLARITY – TIMI 28) and the Clopidogrel and Metoprolol Infarction Trial/the Second Chinese Cardiac Study (COMMIT/CCS – 2) are two recent landmark trials demonstrating mortality benefit with clopidogrel in patients receiving pharmacologic reperfusion for STEMI. The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor mediates platelet aggregation induced by all physiologic agonists and blockade of the receptor, either by monoclonal antibodies (abciximab) or by small molecules (eptifibatide and tirofiban), can be used in adjunctive treatment of STEMI, particularly in patients receiving primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). Novel antiplatelet agents, which may address issues relating to variability in response and irreversibility of inhibitor effects, are under active investigation and will better refine the role of antiplatelet therapy in this clinical setting and lead to further improvement in patient outcomes.
Effects of Obesity on Airway Responsiveness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although obesity is a risk factor for asthma, the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not established. In this chapter, we review data from human subjects and animal models examining how obesity impacts a characteristic feature of asthma airway hyperresponsiveness. We focus on two aspects of obesity that may affect airway responsiveness: the impact of obesity on the mechanical properties of the lungs and chest wall, and the low-grade systemic inflammation that results from interactions between adipocytes and leukocytes that are recruited to obese adipose tissue. We also discuss the possibility that diet may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, either through direct effects of dietary constituents or by altering the gut microbiome. Determining how obesity promotes asthma may uncover novel therapeutic strategies that are effective in the obese asthmatic.
Integration of Industrial Power Quality Analyzer and Open Source Hardware and Software Solution for Microgrids Monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a solution for a case study of a hybrid generation system for teaching purposes. The system presents the difficulty of unifying monitoring and recording due to the interaction of multi-brand devices. The focus of this work is to develop a solution through low-cost hardware & software that allows to optimally solving the monitoring and recording of electrical variables. The proposed system architecture is validated by monitoring a 40 [kWp] solar microgrid.
A frameshift mutation in the gene for PAX3 in a girl with spina bifida and mild signs of Waardenburg syndrome.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neural tube defects (NTD) are among the most prevalent congenital malformations in man. Based on the molecular defect of Splotch, an established mouse model for NTD, and on the clinical association between NTD and Waardenburg syndrome (WS), mutations in the PAX3 gene can be expected to act as factors predisposing to human NTD. To test this hypothesis, 39 patients with familial NTD were screened by SSC analysis for mutations in exons 2 to 6 of the human PAX3 gene. One patient with lumbosacral meningomyelocele was identified with a 5 bp deletion in exon 5 approximately 55 bp upstream of the conserved homeodomain. The deletion causes a frameshift with a stop codon almost immediately after the mutated site. Clinical investigation of the index patient indicated mild signs of WS type I. Varying signs of this syndrome were found to cosegregate with the mutation in the family. Our results support the hypothesis that mutations in the gene for PAX3 can predispose to NTD, but also show that, in general, mutations within or near the conserved domains of the PAX3 protein are only very infrequently involved in familial NTD.