jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparación de las demandas físicas de tareas de fútbol reducido y la competición en jugadoras de fútbol sub 13

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to compare the physical demands, based on the physical profile of each player, of three small sided games, modifying the relative pitch area per player, and the physical demands of the competition. The jumping capacity was also tested after each small sided games. A total of 12 football players under 13 participated in the study. The three small sided games and football matches were monitored using GPS devices: 3x3 (51 m2/p), 4x4 (90 m2/p) y 5x5 (144 m2/p) and 7 competition matches. Substantial differences (> 75% probability) were found in the physical demands of each small sided game and the competition, even though the jumping capacity was maintained without change. In conclusion, this study suggests that the capacity of small sided games reproduces the physical demands of the real game, although it is necessary mixed training gather high intensity training. An increase in the relative pitch area involves physical demands close to the full sized competition. The decrease of the jumping capacity is not a valid method for quantifying the load on a small sided game, even though it seems a good indicator of the player accumulating fatigue.
THE ACCURACY OF FORM-FACTOR DERIVED MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE IS DEPENDENT ON SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AMPLIFICATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Accurate assessment of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is crucial in clinical and research settings. Measurement of MAP requires pressure waveform integration, but for convenience the standard approach is via form-factor (FF) equations incorporating systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured at a peripheral artery. SBP undergoes variable central-to-peripheral amplification and may therefore influence accuracy of FF-derived MAP, which we aimed to determine in this study. Design and method: 188 patients (age 60 ± 10 years) undergoing coronary angiography had intra-arterial pressure measured in the ascending aorta, brachial and radial arteries by sequential catheter pull-back. MAP was measured at each location by integration of ensembled pressure waveforms and derived using standard 0.33 and 0.40 FFs. Results: Integrated MAP decreased on average from the aorta to the brachial (−0.7 ± 4.2 mmHg) and radial artery (−1.7 ± 4.8 mmHg), whilst FF-derived MAP increased (0.33FF 1.1 ± 4.2 and 1.7 ± 4.7 mmHg; 0.40FF 0.9 ± 4.8 and 1.4 ± 5.4 mmHg respectively). FF-derived MAP did not accurately represent integrated aortic MAP (0.33FF −2.5 ± 4.6 and −1.6 ± 5.8; 0.40FF 2.5 ± 5.0 and 3.9 ± 6.4 mmHg, brachial and radial arteries respectively), with significant variation in FF required to generate MAP equivalent to integrated aortic MAP (FF range 0.20–0.57 brachial; 0.17–0.74 radial). Aortic-to-brachial SBP amplification was strongly related to the brachial FF required to generate MAP equivalent to integrated aortic MAP (r = −0.695, p < 0.001). The standard 0.33FF was most accurate in those with high SBP amplification (difference in estimated MAP vs. integrated aortic MAP 0.06 ± 3.93 mmHg) but substantially overestimated integrated aortic MAP in those with low SBP amplification (difference in estimated MAP vs. integrated aortic MAP 5.8 ± 4.6 mmHg). The opposite was observed for the 0.40FF. Conclusions: The standard approach of estimating MAP using peripheral FFs should not be used because it is non-physiological and inaccurate due to the influence of central-to-peripheral SBP amplification. These findings have implications for accurate assessment of MAP in clinical and research settings.
Prevalence of interleukin-28B single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes in patients with hepatitis C infection in Isfahan, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hepatitis C infection is one of the most common causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Due to limited efficacy and side-effects of treatment, identification of the determinants of response to treatment is an important issue. Nowadays, genotyping of interleukin (IL)-28B is one of the strongest tests used for prediction of sustained virological response. The prevalence of IL28B genotypes varies across different ethnicities. This study presents data on IL28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs12979860) in a group of Iranian hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients already diagnosed for hepatitis C enrolled the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples. Specific primers were used to amplify IL28B gene (rs12979860). The rs129679860 SNP was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan ® probes. Results: The mean age of patients was 33.16 years (25–42 years). Ninety-nine subjects were male and 1 was female. The frequency of HCV genotypes was as follows: Genotype 3a: 53%, genotype 1a: 42%, genotype 1b: 2%, mixed genotype (1a + 3a): 1% and 2%: Nontypable. IL28B rs12979860 genotypes were TT in 17 patients (17%), CT in 41 patients (41%), and CC in the remaining 42 patients (42%). Conclusion: The prevalence of C allele is much higher in our population study than in African American HCV patients (62.5% and 40% respectively), which can explain better response to treatment in our patients.
Successful talent development in popular game sports in Switzerland: The case of ice hockey

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is continuing discussion in talent research on the best approach to developing sporting expertise through learning activities during early sport participation. Among other concepts, the specialized sampling model describes a pathway between early specialization and early sampling and yields promising results in Swiss football. As successful constellations of early sport participation might be affected by sport-specific constraints (e.g., age of peak performance, selection pressure, and physiological/psychological requirements), other popular game sports may show similar promising pathways. This study investigates whether ice hockey, another popular game sport in Switzerland, shows similar successful constellations of early sport participation. A sample of 98 former Swiss junior national team players born between 1984 and 1994 reported on early sport participation through a retrospective questionnaire. Using the person-oriented Linking of Clusters after removal of a Residue (LICUR) method, volumes of in-club practice, free play, and activities besides ice hockey until 12 years of age were analyzed, along with player’s age at initial club participation. The results indicate that ice hockey enthusiasts with the most free play and above-average in-club practice had a greater chance of reaching professional level compared to other groups. This implies that high domain specificity with varied sampling experiences is the most promising approach to developing sporting expertise in ice hockey. As similar results were previously found in Swiss football, comparable sport-specific constraints might indeed require similar constellations of learning activities during early sport participation. Therefore, in popular game sports in Switzerland, the specialized sampling model seems to be most promising.
Research participation in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy community: parent perceived barriers and their impact on families

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, X-linked degenerative neuromuscular disorder causing severe progressive muscle loss and premature death. While research in DMD is critical to advance treatment and care it also presents many challenges and sacrifices for families who are asked to participate. These barriers and impacts families incur can affect recruitment of research participants. Poor recruitment constrains the ability to achieve and measure progress in clinical research, and consequently affects how well new therapies perform in the clinical setting. The purpose of the present study was to identify family barriers to research recruitment and participation in DMD research and to explore how these barriers impact families. In collaboration with the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Groups (CINRG) research network and associated Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinics, this qualitative study included parent-centered focus groups that were conducted at five sites: Pittsburgh, PA; Washington, DC; Minneapolis, MN; Houston, TX; and Sacramento, CA. A total of eight guided focus groups attended by 28 parents of boys or young men with DMD were audio-recorded and transcribed. Qualitative thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was conducted to identify themes. Major themes identified as perceived barriers to research participation included: 1) commitments; 2) fighting a new battle; and 3) the gamble. Parents described the familial impacts of these barriers, which included financial burdens, family sacrifices, and psychological stress. Participating in research was shown to affect many aspects of participants’ lives and additionally had an impact on the entire family. These findings highlight the need for greater support and appropriate resources to alleviate potential barriers faced by families. Genetic counselors are well suited to communicate research opportunities, address the specific needs of families, and assist with development of strategies to engage the DMD community in research. Identifying barriers of research participation and understanding how these barriers may impact families have significant public health implications which can provide information to improve research protocols, facilitate development of family resources, and influence public health policies to provide additional support to families and encourage greater research involvement.
Effect of Dietary Phytobiotics Products on Growth, Immune Responses and Vibriosis Resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Objective: Phytobiotic products have been found to have anti-bacterial activity, improved immune responses and the survival rate of some aquatic organisms.This study aimed to explore the effects of phytobiotics products from spent hops and yeast cell wall (HY) and Grape Pomace (GP), which are polyphenol-rich feed additives, on the health and tolerance to Vibrio infection of Pacific white shrimp under laboratory conditions.Materials and Methods: Shrimp post-larvae 12 were stocked in 24×500 L fiberglass tank (50 shrimp/tank) and salinity were maintained at 20-25 ppt.The shrimps were randomly distributed into four groups (six replicates/treatment) and fed four times daily with six experimental diets contained 400 ppm HY, 400 ppm GP, 800 ppm GP, or none of these supplements (control diet).After 60 days, 30 shrimp from each tank were sampled and stocked in new 24 tanks.Vibrio parahaemolyticus was added into each tank to obtain a final concentration of 10 4 CFU mLG 1 .Immune parameters and survival rate after Vibrio challenged test were compared using one-way ANOVA model followed by SPSS (Version 20).Results: The body weights of shrimp raised on 400 and 800 ppm, GP were significantly higher than the control group p<0.05.Shrimp fed with 400 ppm HY-and 800 ppm GP had significantly higher survival rates than the control group p<0.05.The shrimp fed with 400 ppm HY also had the highest immune responses.Conclusion: The present study indicated that both phytobiotics feed additives tested had positive effects on shrimp health.
X-ray line diagnostics of ion temperature at cosmic ray accelerating collisionless shocks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel collisionless shock jump condition is suggested by modeling the entropy production at the shock transition region. We also calculate downstream developments of the atomic ionization balance and the ion temperature relaxation in supernova remnants (SNRs). The injection process and subsequent acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs) in the SNR shocks are closely related to the formation process of the collisionless shocks. The formation of the shock is caused by wave–particle interactions. Since the wave–particle interactions result in energy exchanges between electromagnetic fields and charged particles, the randomization of particles associated with the shock transition may occur at a rate given by the scalar product of the electric field and current. We find that order-of-magnitude estimates of the randomization with reasonable strength of the electromagnetic fields in the SNR constrain the amount of CR nuclei and the ion temperatures. The constrained amount of CR nuclei can be sufficient to explain the Galactic CRs. The ion temperature becomes significantly lower than that in the case without CRs. To distinguish the case without CRs, we perform synthetic observations of atomic line emissions from the downstream region of the SNR RCW 86. Future observations by XRISM and Athena can distinguish whether the SNR shock accelerates the CRs or not from the ion temperatures.
IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA L. SEEDS AND ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS (L.) R. BR. BARK ON DIFFERENT HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer has been one of the dreadful diseases of 20 th century and moving vastly in 21 st century becoming one of the major causes of deaths in humans. The use of natural substances to inhibit carcinogenesis is a rapidly evolving aspect of cancer research. Large number of plants and their isolated constituents have been shown to possess potential anticancer activity. In present investigation, various extracts (Aqueous, Hydroalcoholic, Ethanolic, Methanolic and Petroleum ether) of Argemone mexicana L. seeds and Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. bark were standardized for their preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro anticancer activity. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Argemone mexicana L. seeds extract showed presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides, mucilage, proteins, flavonoids, fats and fixed oils whereas that of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. bark showed presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, proteins, flavonoids, fats and fixed oils. The in vitro anticancer activity of the extracts tested against various human cancer cell lines using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Out of the ten extracts tested, Ethanolic, Methanolic and Petroleum ether extracts of Argemone mexicana L. seeds and Aqueous, Hydro-alcoholic (50% Ethanol) and Ethanolic extracts of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. bark
S.A.W. device reflectors weighted by combination of withdrawn and segmented lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A technique for weighting surface acoustic wave (s.a.w.) device reflectors which combines withdrawal weighting and segmented lines is described. This scheme has the advantage of lower photolithographic mask costs through the partial use of withdrawal weighting, and the advantage of closely approximating the desired weighting function by partial use of segmented (dotted) lines. Effectiveness of this combined weighting technique is demonstrated by its use in sidelobe suppression in two-port s.a.w. resonators; however, combined-type weighted reflectors can be used to advantage in all types of filters utilising reflective arrays.
Chaos router: architecture and performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tlie Chaos rout,er is an adaptive, randomized message rout,er for iniilt.icoiiiput,ers. Adapt,ive rout,ers are superior bo oblivious rout,ers. t,he st,at.e-of-tlie-art. because they can by-pass congestion and faults. Unlike ot.lrer atlapt.ive rout,ers, howerer. the Chaos rouber lias reduced t,lie complexit.y aloiig t.he crit,ical pat,h of t.he rout,ing decision by using.randomization to eliminate livelock protec.t,ion. Tlie foundat,ional theory for Chaotic routing. proring that, bhis approach is sound. lias been previously developed [ll]. In t,liis paper we present, the complete design of tlie router together wit11 (simulated) perforinaiice figures. The resilks show t.liat. t,lie Chaos rouder is conipetit,ire rvit,li the simple and fast oblivious rout,ers for random loads and greatly superior for loads with hot spots.
Numerical Analysis of Hypervelocity Solid-Solid Impacts Using Improved SPH Method and Evaluation of Protection Capability of Double Bumper Debris Shields

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The protection of spacecraft against hypervelocity impacts of space debris causing fatal damage to spacecraft stractures has received wide attention. In this paper is concerned with the numerical analysis of hypervelocity solid-solid impacts and evaluation of protection capability of double bumper debris shields. To analyze numerically the hypervelocity solid-solid impact phenomena, an improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method with new particle generation and particle merger techniques is used. We first propose to evaluate the protection capability of debris shields on the basis of the kinetic energy of debris cloud through unit area at the position of pressure wall, and then evaluate the protection capability of double bumper debris shields. As a consequence, it is elucidated that the double bumper debris shields have high protection capability and could reduce the damage of pressure walls.
Modal content characterization in few-mode fibers using spatially and spectrally resolved imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The growing increase of Internet users and others technologies related to the telecommunication field have boosted the data traffic around the world.Moreover, the COVID19 pandemic is a recent fact that has maximized this scenario due to the transition to remote activities.Thus, the current optical communications systems, especially the optical networks based mostly on single-mode fibers (SMFs), which are at its theoretical transmission capacity limit, could not be able to absorb the forecasted demand.This drives the development of systems based on Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM), in which the few-mode fiber (FMF) has an important application.Furthermore, the development of multimode devices for implementation in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) applications plays a key role for scientific community.In order to recover different light propagation modes information in this type of devices, we applied the Spatially and Spectrally Resolved Imaging (S 2 ) method to execute the modal content characterization of the FMF under test.This characterization method is based on the principle that the propagating modes travel with different group velocities along the fiber length, thus it is possible to recover them from the interference pattern generated due to the differential group delay (DGD) between the modes.After that, S 2 method was also implemented to characterize the modal content at the fiber output when is excited by a tri-modal integrated coupler in order to validate the operation of the device.This coupler, developed by Applied and Computational Electromagnetics Group (GEMAC), was built in a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) platform.Robust results were achieved on both experimental approaches by applying the method.In the literature are listed different methods to analyze the modal content.In this work, the S 2 method was chosen because it does not impose a prior knowledge of the optical mode profile of the fiber under test (FUT) and do not need interferometric techniques on the experimental setup, which simplifies its implementation.
Studi eksperimental variasi media pendingin dan holding time tempering terhadap kekerasan material pengganti pin track link excavator 305.5E2

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The frequency of using heavy equipment that exceeds capacity often occurs in construction projects. This can cause components to fail or wear out as in track link pin components. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a good quality of heat treatment using quenching and tempering methods, to the hardness values of AISI 1045 and AISI 1037 steels for replace the track link pin components of Excavator 305.5E2. In this study, the method of heat treatment is hardening with a temperature of 800℃. After that it is cooled quickly using water and oil media. After that, the specimens were tempered based on differences in holding times of 30, 35, 40 minutes. Specimens that have been heat treated will be tested using a hardness test using the Vickers method. From the results of this study, it was found that the effect of the cooling medium and holding time on the hardness value of AISI 1045 steel. At a holding time of 30 minutes the hardness value was 41.5 HRC. Meanwhile, in water media at a holding time of 30 minutes, the hardness value is 32.2 HRC.
Impact of Reactor Configuration on the Performance\nof UV/Persulfate Process for Atrazine Removal in Water: A CFD Modeling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

UV-based\nadvanced oxidation processes are increasingly employed\nfor trace organic contaminants abatement in water, while the impact\nof reactor configuration on process efficiency remains obscure. To\nfill this knowledge gap, the performances of UV/persulfate (PDS) reactors\nwith different configurations in atrazine (ATZ) removal were evaluated\nwith computational fluid dynamics simulations. Comprehensive analyses\nwere enabled with the predicted distributions of flow, UV irradiation,\nand chemicals in the reactor chamber, and correlations of the reactor\nperformances with UV fluence distributions were explored. Results\nshow that the ATZ removal efficiency increased with the reactor diameter,\nwhile the impact of baffle implementation varied with the reactor\nconfiguration. Specifically, the ATZ removal efficiency was elevated\nby up to 25% in L-shape reactors with an enlarged diameter, while\nthe introduction of baffles had a negligible impact (≤3%).\nIn the U-shape reactors, however, the baffle implementation led to\na removal elevation of up to 13%. The improved performances of reactors\nwith an enlarged diameter were related to the increased energy utilization\nefficiency, while hydrodynamic optimization with baffles in the U-shape\nreactors led to better mixing of the contaminant with radicals. The\noutlet ATZ concentration correlated exponentially with the average\nUV fluence, with the coefficient being close to the calculated pseudo-first-order\ndegradation rate constant. This work facilitates future UV/PDS research\nand application by clarifying the roles of hydrodynamics and UV fluence\nin contaminant removal.
A homogenous daily rainfall record for the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, from the 1820s

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A record of daily rainfall totals from 1827 at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, United Kingdom, is presented. Changing instrumentation over the period and homogenization of the record are described. Brief analysis of the record is provided, including reference to the monthly record from 1767. Most heavy falls of rain occur in summer. The twentieth century tendency toward wetter winters was not accompanied by any significant increase in heavy falls of rain. There were very few heavy falls in summer during the 1990s but a large number in autumn. Preliminary analysis suggests that there are more heavy downpours in summers when there is reduced storminess in the North Atlantic region.