jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing Frequency of Microgrid Integrated With Electric Vehicles by Droop Control

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Emergence of Microgrid (MG) has changed the structure of power system. On one hand, it opened opportunities to integrate renewable energy sources in islanding mode; on the other hand, the power and frequency have become the main hurdles during its islanding operation. In this paper, the droop control technique is used to counter the effect of frequency fluctuation at MG. Wind energy and Photovoltaics are the two renewable energy sources (RES) studied in work. Diesel generator is used to cater the frequency deviations due to intermittent nature of these RES. Microgrid Operator (MGO) is used as a centralized controller to look after all generating units and loads. The MGO sends a reference signal based upon the frequency deviation, which is calculated by the droop controller. This reference signal is sent to all generating units as well Electric Vehicles Operator (EVsO). All the generators and EVsO respond to that reference signal and adjust their generating power accordingly. Electric Vehicles (EV), operated by EVsO, remains in continuous contact with the MGO through communication link. In this work, a centralized approach for the operation of EVsO is employed. There are two main tasks of the EVsO. One is to calculate the cumulative power of all the EVs connected with the MG, by calculating their initial state of charge; and another is, to change the charging and discharging rate of EVs by stratifying the energy needs of both MG and EVs.
R&D tax incentives and innovation: unveiling the mechanisms behind innovation capacity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose There is a scarcity of empirical evidence in the literature on the chain of causality involving tax incentives for Research and Development (R&D) activities and their subsequent transformation into innovation. This study aims to assess the influence of R&D tax incentives on the organizational attributes of Portuguese firms to identify how they are converted into innovation. Design/methodology/approach A structural research model consisting of 339 companies that benefited from the Fiscal Incentive System supporting R&D in Enterprises, during the period from 2013 to 2016, was developed. This was done to assess the role of R&D tax incentives on the organizational attributes that form the innovation capacity. The model was validated using the multivariate statistical technique of structural equation modeling with partial least squares estimation (partial least squares structural equation modeling – PLS-SEM). Findings The results found suggest that although it is not possible to unequivocally identify the mechanisms used to convert tax incentives into innovation, it is possible to conclude that they play an important spillover effect for the construction and strengthening of organizational attributes. These form the basis of innovation capacity, to the extent that they positively influence the firms’ total assets, equity, liabilities, number of employees and sales. Hence, contributions are brought to both the literature on tax incentives and the general literature on innovation. Originality/value For policymakers, the evidence points to the fact that in addition to the incentives provided, novel mechanisms need to be established to help firms develop their absorptive capacity. The objective is to effectively convert the incentives received into innovation through the organizational attributes analyzed. From the firms’ point of view, the results found suggest that tax incentives act as a catalyst for making R&D investments. Additionally, there is an influence on employability, which effectively enhances the chances of innovation in the long run. Tax incentives received by Portuguese firms also have the effect of promoting economic dynamism – by enhancing the following: investments in infrastructure, the hiring of employees and the increasing of sales, generating positive externalities for both firms and society.
Safety of IPX066, an extended release carbidopa–levodopa formulation, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

IPX066 will probably have a role in the treatment of advanced PD with motor fluctuations. IPX066 could also be used initially when LD therapy is prescribed, but the question of whether this usage could reduce or prevent the development of motor complications is yet to be answered.
Some techniques for reasoning automatically on co-inductive data structures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Some techniques are proposed for reasoning on co-inductive structures. First, we devise a sound axiomatization of (conservative extensions) of such structures, thus reducing the problem of checking whether a formula admits a co-inductive model to a first-order satisfiability test. We devise a class of structures, called regularly co-inductive, for which the axiomatization is complete (for other co-inductive structures, the proposed axiomatization is sound, but not complete). Then, we propose proof calculi for reasoning on such structures. We first show that some of the axioms mentioned above can be omitted if the inference rules are able to handle rational terms. Furthermore, under some conditions, some other axioms may be replaced by an additional inference rule that computes the solutions of fixpoint equations. Finally, we show that a stronger completeness result can be established under some additional conditions on the signature.
Spherical torus experiment (STX)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The principal engineering features of the proposed Spherical Torus Experiment (STX) are described. Design is dominated by the small bore available for the ohmic heating (OH) solenoid and structural considerations for a situation in which B/sub p/ is approximately equal to B/sub t/. Unique features of a spherical torus plasma include large elongations without shaping fields; an exceptionally high ratio of plasma current to toroidal field, giving the potential for stability at very high beta; strong paramagnetism; and a variety of configurations, ranging from tokamak (q/sub a/) to revised-field pinch (RFP) (q/sub a/ < 1). Access to this regime requires aspect ratios less than 2. A feasibility study has been done for a beam-heated device with A = 1.67, R0 = 0.45, and K = 2. 3 refs., 9 figs.
Effectiveness of zone therapy on quality of life among patients with hypertension in selected villages at Tirunelveli district

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Research Project, “A study to assess the effectiveness of zone therapy
on quality of life among patients with hypertension in selected villages at
Tirunelveli district’. It was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
Degree of Master of science in nursing at Sri K. Ramachandran Naidu College of
Nursing which was affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University,
Chennai during the year 2013 - 2015.
The Objectives of the study were:
KENRICK, P. & CRANE, P. R. 1997. The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants. A Cladistic Study. xiii + 441 pp. Washington, London: Smithsonian Institution Press. Price £21.50 (paperback). ISBN 1 56098 729 4. Also available in hard covers: ISBN 1 56098 730 8.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

KENRICK, P. & CRANE, P. R. 1997. The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants. A Cladistic Study. xiii + 441 pp. Washington, London: Smithsonian Institution Press. Price £21.50 (paperback). ISBN 1 56098 729 4. Also available in hard covers: ISBN 1 56098 730 8. - Volume 136 Issue 2
Random Simulation Method for the PERT Network Based on the CrystalBall and Excel Environment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT) has been applied widely in the planning and control of the project progress, there are some deficiencies, for example, the accuracy of the estimated activity duration is not high, the distribution pattern of the duration variable is single, the calculation result of the project completion probability is slightly larger and so on. Based on present research results, this article proposes using Monte Carlo simulation method to simulate varieties of distribution situations of the activity duration with Crystal Ball and Excel tools, and calculate the completion time and the probability distribution of the project according to the Critical Path Method(CPM). In the last, this article verifies the effectiveness and the convenience of this method by an example. Because of abandoning assumptions of the PERT, therefore the random simulation model has more stronger adaptability and credibility than the traditional PERT. Taking advantage of Crystal Ball and Excel tools, the project progress managers can easily realize the random simulation and calculation of the large-scale complex projects, then guarantee the successful completion of the project and reduce the risk of duration delay.
USING OF HONEY AND OLIVE OIL IN PRODUCTION OF SYNBIOTIC YOGHURT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of fortification with both honey and olive oil on yoghurt quality was investigated.Control yoghurt was made using classic yoghurt culture and whole milk.Fou other yoghurt treatments were made by ABT culture and whole milk fortified with 0+0, 2+1, 4+2, and 6+4% of honey and virgin olive oil respectively.The sixth treatment was prepared using ABT culture and skim milk contained 6% honey + 4% virgin olive oil.Changes in rheological, chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of yoghurt were monitored during refrigerated storage (4°C) for 15 days.Mixing of yoghurt milk with honey and olive oil to milk showed a slight decrease in the rate of acidity development.Fortification of milk with honey and olive oil had no clear effect on coagulation time, but increased curd tension and decreased curd syneresis values.Addition of honey and olive oil increased acidity, TS, fat, ash and TVFA contents of the examined yoghurt while there were no differences in TN and WSN values.Yoghurt made with honey and olive oil had lower TVBC, moulds and yeasts numbers as compared with control.Adding of honey and olive oil stimulated the growth and viability of bifidobacteria which helped in maintenance their counts above the recommended levels ( 106 cfu.g -1 ) for a probiotic effect.Finally, supplementation of yoghurt with honey and olive oil greatly improved the sensory evaluation scores.
Supplemental Figure 1-2 from CXCR4 Protein Epitope Mimetic Antagonist POL5551 Disrupts Metastasis and Enhances Chemotherapy Effect in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 1-2. Supplemental Figure 1: Pharmacology of POL5551; Supplemental Figure 2: Correlation of CXCR4 expression in primary tumor with survival in patients</p>
Fruit growth characterization of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) hybrid Ichiban' grown under cover

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the more important crops that are consumed worldwide. In Colombia, the department of Boyaca is characterized as being the biggest producer of tomatoes, with production centered in the municipalities of Sutamarchan, Sachica, Santa Sofía and Villa de Leyva, where different cultivars and hybrids are produced that present different physiological behaviors, resulting in changes in conventional agronomic management. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of fruits from the tomato hybrid Ichiban under greenhouse conditions. This study evaluated the parameters of polar and equatorial diameters, diameter ratio, fresh mass and dry mass, and absolute and relative growth rates. The results were subjected to a descriptive analysis. Furthermore, the growth model was determined. The Ichiban hybrid had a simple sigmoid behavior, common in fleshy fruits, while the fresh mass and dry mass were fitted to a logistic, nonlinear model. Anthesis was seen at 50 days after transplant and the fruits reached physiological maturity 49 days after anthesis; during this period, 510.2 heating degree-days were accumulated. All of the variables presented significant differences (P≤0.01) and coefficients of determination above 0.9, indicating that the models are suitable for explaining the studied biological phenomena.
FOXA2 prevents hyperbilirubinaemia in acute liver failure by maintaining apical MRP2 expression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) is a bottleneck in bilirubin excretion. Its loss is sufficient to induce hyperbilirubinaemia, a prevailing characteristic of acute liver failure (ALF) that is closely associated with clinical outcome. This study scrutinises the transcriptional regulation of MRP2 under different pathophysiological conditions. Design Hepatic MRP2, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) expression and clinicopathologic associations were examined by immunohistochemistry in 14 patients with cirrhosis and 22 patients with ALF. MRP2 regulatory mechanisms were investigated in primary hepatocytes, Fxr −/− mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Results Physiologically, homeostatic MRP2 transcription is mediated by the nuclear receptor FXR/retinoid X receptor complex. Fxr −/− mice lack apical MRP2 expression and rapidly progress into hyperbilirubinaemia. In patients with ALF, hepatic FXR expression is undetectable, however, patients without infection maintain apical MRP2 expression and do not suffer from hyperbilirubinaemia. These patients express FOXA2 in hepatocytes. FOXA2 upregulates MRP2 transcription through binding to its promoter. Physiologically, nuclear FOXA2 translocation is inhibited by insulin. In ALF, high levels of glucagon and tumour necrosis factor α induce FOXA2 expression and nuclear translocation in hepatocytes. Impressively, ALF patients with sepsis express low levels of FOXA2, lose MRP2 expression and develop severe hyperbilirubinaemia. In this case, LPS inhibits FXR expression, induces FOXA2 nuclear exclusion and thus abrogates the compensatory MRP2 upregulation. In both Fxr −/− and LPS-treated mice, ectopic FOXA2 expression restored apical MRP2 expression and normalised serum bilirubin levels. Conclusion FOXA2 replaces FXR to maintain MRP2 expression in ALF without sepsis. Ectopic FOXA2 expression to maintain MRP2 represents a potential strategy to prevent hyperbilirubinaemia in septic ALF.
Different Physiological Activity of Selected Rice Cultivars to Diphenylether Herbicide, Oxyfluorfen - II. Different Anatomical and Ultrastructural Responses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed by oxyfluorfen and the herbicides having similar mode of action treatment. After the treatment of oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars no showed the structural damage of leaf surface, but the susceptible rice cultivate was damaged in the wax and the susceptible barnyardgrass was even destroyed in the tissue irregularly. Also in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass the thickness of leaf blade was greatly decreased. The anatomical change was not observed in the tolerant rice cultivars but epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells were badly broken in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass and especially after 24 hours of the treatment the structure of susceptible rice cultivars was completely disintegrated. The irregularity of chloroplast shape and the distortion of chloroplast envelope were generally observed and the starch tended to decrease by oxyfluorfen treatment regardless of rice cultivars. Such a structural damage were appeared more badly in the susceptible rice cultivars and bamyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. By the treatment of diphenyl ether herbicides, the thickness of leaf blade greatly reduced in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the susceptible rice cultivars showed more reduction than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially, the susceptible rice cultivars showed that the leaf structure was badly broken down with damage epidermal cells and bundle sheath cells.
Do you feel the warmth? The online destination image of Southeast Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Digital media channels have accelerated the spread of information that highly influences travel behaviour. The official websites and social media sites of the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) were analysed to explore how Destination Management Organizations (DMO) used these channels to create a single destination image of south east Asia (SEA). The increasing use of the Internet and social media in tourism decision-making has slowly transformed tourism marketing that has led to the mediatization of tourism. Collectively, the DMOs portrayed SEA as a destination with diverse natural and cultural attractions which is value for money.
Reliability Analysis of Architectural Safeguards for AI-enabled Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although enormous progress has been made in Artificial Intelligence (AI), it entails new challenges. The growing complexity of learning tasks requires more complex AI models, which increasingly exhibit unreliable behaviour. This is of particular concern in safety-critical systems where AI is commonly used. Therefore, well-known architectural approaches have been adopted such as N-Version Programming or Simplex Architectures (denoted as Architectural Safeguards) to deal with the unreliable nature of AI. At design-time, however, it is difficult to identify an architectural safeguard that satisfies the reliability (or other quality) requirements of the system. In this paper, we present a model-based reliability analysis of AI-enabled systems to assess architectural safeguards at design-time taking into account the predictive uncertainty of AI components. We have validated our approach in a case study from the field of autonomous driving. Our results show that our approach not only enables the analysis of the impact of architectural safeguards on the overall reliability of an AI system but supports software engineers in decision-making.
Some Responses of Honey Bees to Alfalfa Flowers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For honey bees the alfalfa flower is a trap. When the flower trips the space in the corolla is closed, and if the space is occupied by a bee's proboscis the bee is caught and must free herself. Most nectar-gathering honey bees avoid tripping and the trap by inserting the proboscis at one side of the flower. But certain "nectar-tripper" bees used a simple method of inserting the tongue directly into the corolla where the trigger is located. Tripping frequently occurs. The subsequent struggles of the bees are described and shown in photographs. Nectar-tripper bees were rarely seen in the field. But under conditions designed to eliminate experienced field bees the proportions of trippers observed was greatly increased, so that 128 were identified and observed in cages. About half of these furnished fragmentary data, of the other half, a third changed to the side approach. The others failed to change or were not observed after changing. The change in approach to the flowers was accompanied by a drop in tripping efficiency, improvement in habitual use of the new method and an increase in working speed. For bees that failed to change, tripping efficiency varied up or down, habitual working patterns remained variable, speed remained low, while fixations for withered and tripped flowers appeared occasionally, and nervous behavior was general. Learning and the development of skill were indicated for those that changed. Field experiments on nectar bees offer confirmatory evidence. The tasks of a pollen-gathering honey bee are more complicated. She must trip the flower, then extricate her proboscis from the trap before collecting the pollen. Day to day histories were acquired on only two pollen-gathering bees. Both of these showed higher tripping efficiency on the second day than the first but no further progress. Some pollen bees had difficulty with the trap but as a group they extricate their tongues with ease contrasted to the repeated struggles of the nectar-trippers for freedom. In speed, the range in flowers tripped per minute compares to the range of flowers visited per minute by side-workers plus nectar-trippers. Learning processes are indicated in the activities of alfalfa pollen bees.
Influence of γ Irradiation on the Development of Neoplastic Disease in Mice: I. Reticular Tissue Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The influence of ${}^{137}{\rm Cs} \gamma $ irradiation on the development of reticular tissue neoplasms was investiged using male and female RFM/Un mice. The relationship between radiation dose and incidence of thymic lymphoma for females was complex, and no simple model described the relationship over the entire dose range. Over the range 0 to 25 rad linearity could be rejected and a dose-squared model described the data, while over the range 50 to 300 rad the response was linear. Males were less sensitive to induction of thymic lymphoma than females and their dose-response relationship was less complex with a linear response predominating. Males were more sensitive than females to induction of myeloid leukemia, with the age-adjusted incidence at 300 rad reaching 20% in males but only 5% in females. The response was linear for both sexes. The age-adjusted incidence of reticulum cell sarcoma decreased with dose in both male and female mice. The role of host factors in determining the type of neoplasm as...
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Air Velocity on Fin Heat Dissipation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fin has a good effect in strengthening heat dissipation, and the structure is simple, and it has been widely used in civil and industrial applications, such as radiators, automobile engine heat dissipation, air conditioning internal and external units, computer radiators and air preheaters of power station boilers. Based on the CFD numerical simulation method, the temperature change of the fin under different flow velocities is simulated. Result surface: When the calculation time is 100 seconds, when the air velocity is 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s, the heat dissipation of the fin is about 3.1℃ and 4.6℃ increasing than that at 0 m/s.