jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy interventions for patients with chronic pelvic pain: A systematic review of the literature

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To summarize the available scientiﬁc evidence on physiotherapy interventions in the management of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Data Sources: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed. An electronic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify relevant randomized trials from 2010-2016. Study Selection: Manuscripts were included if at least one of the comparison groups received a physiotherapy intervention. Studies were assessed in duplicate for data extraction and risk of bias using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale PEDro. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Eight of the studies screened met the inclusion criteria. Four manuscripts studied the effects of electrotherapy including intravaginal electrical stimulation, short wave diathermy, respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, and sono-electro-magnetic therapy with positive results. Three studies focused on manual assessing the efficacy of myofascial versus massage therapy in two of them and ischemic compression for trigger points. Conclusions: Although physiotherapy interventions show some beneficial effects, evidence cannot support the results. Heterogeneity in terms of population phenotype, methodological quality, interpretation of results, and operational definition result in little overall evidence to guide treatment.
Original article Potential for inoculation of common bean by effective rhizobia in Tunisian soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary- Phaseolus vulgaris (L) is poorly nodulated in all the regions of Tunisia where this crop is grown. Selection of effective strains needs to be developed. An effectiveness test trial was carried out on Royalnel and Coco cultivars in hydroponic aseptic conditions for seven reference strains and three local isolates of common bean rhizobia. A signifi-cant interaction strain &amp;times; cultivar was observed and, unlike local isolates, most reference strains were very effective. The ELISA technique using polyclonal antibody was used to evaluate nodule occupancy of inoculated common bean rhi-zobia in Tunisian soils. Rabbit antisera were raised against one local isolate (HB) and five reference strains (CIAT899, USDA2667, USDA2669, USDA2676 and IRATYH112). Analysis of relatedness between 44 strains and isolates showed that 77 % of the local isolates did not react with any of the sera used, whereas the remaining isolates were dis-tributed into three serogroups. An inoculation experiment with the selected reference strains CIAT899, USDA2667 and IRATYH112, which are serologically distinguishable from native rhizobia, was performed in a green house for Royalnel and Coco cultivars grown in soil cores from two sites (Boucharraï and Chrifet). Nodule occupancy of the inoc-ulated strains was assessed and concomitant effect of inoculation on nodule number and shoot nitrogen content was analysed. A highly significant treatment x cultivar x site interaction was observed for the parameters studied. While in Boucharraï soil inoculation leads to a significant improvement of shoot nitrogen content for Royalnel cultivar, inocu-lation of the same cultivar in Chrifet soil leads to an increase in nodulation by native rhizobia without improvement of plant growth. For the two cultivars, N-fertilization leads for the two cultivars to a decrease in nodule number, particu-larly in Chrifet soil. Thus, to improve establishment of symbiotic process, the use of N-fertilizer should be rationalized.
Comparative Efficacy and residues of Insecticides Applied singly or in mixture with attractants Against fruit fly affecting long melon (Cucumis utilissimus Duthie & Fuller).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of malathion and carbaryl with or without gur has been studied on the incidence of fruit fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq. on long melon. Carbaryl was better than malathion in reducing the infestation of fruit fly at 3, 7 and 10 days interval. The mixing of gur with any of these insecticides did not reduced the incidence but increased the infestation of fruit fly on the fruits, probably because of its attractiveness. Residues of malathion and carbaryl were estimated and it was found that both dissipated very rapidly reaching below detectable level in 3 and 10 days respectively.
A NOVEL ALL-OPTICAL SWITCH BASED ON THE CASCADING OF SECOND-ORDER NONLINEARITY

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By employing the concept of photon flux,the evolution of the phase and photon flux in the eigenmode state in three-wave mixing,and the requirements for the initial phase and photon flux in this state,are studied in the paper.A special state in which there are only exchanges of the photon flux but no phase variations in the three-wave mixing process is investigated.An all-optical switch based on the eigenmode pushpull nonlinear-optical-mirror is presented,and the properties of this all-optical switch are numerically calculated.The numerical results show that the performance stability is extremely good,and the intensity and phase of the output signal beams can be easily realized and controlled.
Nurses’ willingness and readiness to report for duty in a disaster

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Inadequate healthcare workforce during a disaster affects the survival and health outcome of victims. During disaster strikes, nurses may face a dilemma regarding whether or not to report for duty, facing professional duty and their personal and/or family safety that may be at stake. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study seeks for a better understanding of the factors affecting nurses’ willingness and readiness to report for duty in a disaster. A total of 269 currently practicing registered nurses completed the questionnaire. Results showed that only 68.7 percent and 53.2 percent of nurses were willing to report to work during a disaster. Male nurses were more likely to report to work than females during disaster (p = 0.007) and infection outbreak (p = 0.002) situations. Nurses with young children were less likely to report to work during an infectious disease outbreak (34.5 percent vs 55.4 percent, p = 0.033). It is concluded that about one-third of nurses indicated that they would not report to work when a disaster strikes. This raises a warning signal for healthcare managers that they need to plan ahead to maintain an adequate workforce when disasters strike. Managers are urged to do more to understand the factors leading to nurses’ unwillingness to report to work and to undertake realistic staffing planning to cope with the extra demand.
Video Semantic Object Segmentation by Self-Adaptation of DCNN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new framework for semantic segmentation of objects in videos. We address the label inconsistency problem of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) by exploiting the fact that videos have multiple frames; in a few frames the object is confidently-estimated (CE) and we use the information in them to improve labels of the other frames. Given the semantic segmentation results of each frame obtained from DCNN, we sample several CE frames to adapt the DCNN model to the input video by focusing on specific instances in the video rather than general objects in various circumstances. We propose offline and online approaches under different supervision levels. In experiments our method achieved great improvement over the original model and previous state-of-the-art methods.
14-3-3η: a novel biomarker platform for rheumatoid arthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

14-3-3 proteins are a conserved family of 7 isoforms with diverse cellular functions found predominantly intracellularly. The 14-3-3η isoform is expressed extracellularly in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and expression in both serum and joint fluid correlates strongly with expression of metalloproteinases. 14-3-3η activates proinflammatory signalling cascades and inflammatory mediators relevant to the pathogenesis of RA. A new ELISA based assay has diagnostic utility for RA with sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 92.6% using the optimal cut-off from ROC analysis of 0.19ng/ml. Adding 14-3-3η to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) resulted in an identification rate of 72% compared to 59% for ACPA alone. Adding rheumatoid factor (RF) to ACPA increased diagnostic capture from 59% to 72% and this increased further to 78% when 14-3-3η was added. Positive 14-3-3η status is also significantly associated with radiographic progression in early RA at years 1, 3 and 5 indicating prognostic utility. Extracellular 14-3-3η elicits the production of autoantibodies to the native protein, which also possess diagnostic utility. These do not correlate with expression of the protein and have complementary diagnostic utility. The presence of either the protein or its autoantibodies is observed in 90% of patients with early RA. Together with RF and/or ACPA this may result in identification of 95% of patients with early RA.
Imaging of microwave magnetic field orientation using continuous-wave experiments on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Imaging of microwave magnetic fields with nano-scale resolution has interesting applications. Specifically, detecting the orientation of microwave fields is useful in condensed matter physics and quantum control. However, most of the existing methods for microwave field imaging are limited to detecting the magnitude of the fields. Due to their small sensor size and favorable optical and spin properties, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are highly suitable for imaging dc and ac magnetic fields. The reported methods for detecting the direction of microwave magnetic fields use pulsed Rabi frequency measurements. Here, we demonstrate imaging of the direction of linearly polarized microwave magnetic fields using only continuous-wave experiments on NV centers. This simplifies the sensor apparatus and is particularly advantageous in applications where pulsing of the target microwave field is not possible. The method requires a static bias magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the quantization axis of NV centers. We detect the direction of an arbitrary microwave magnetic field using NV centers of two different orientations of an NV ensemble. Moreover, we demonstrate that the projection of the microwave fields onto a plane can be imaged using NV centers of a single orientation. This can be straightforwardly implemented using a single NV center.
Differential Survival of Naive CD4 and CD8 T Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we compare survival characteristics of transgenic and polyclonal CD4 and CD8 T cells. Transgenic CD4 T cells have an intrinsically lower capacity for survival, reflected in their gradual disappearance in thymectomized hosts, their increased sensitivity to apoptosis in vitro, and fewer divisions during homeostatic proliferation upon transfer into syngeneic lymphopenic hosts compared with CD8 T cells. Homeostatic proliferation, however, does not generally result in phenotypic conversion of activation markers unless cognate or cross-reactive Ag is present. T cells from the A18 TCR transgenic strain normally selected into the CD4 lineage are fragile as CD4 T cells, yet display the typical robust survival pattern of CD8 T cells when diverted into the CD8 lineage in a CD4-deficient host. Polyclonal CD4 and CD8 T cells also show distinctive patterns of survival, emphasizing that survival signals are relayed differently in the two lymphocyte subpopulations. However, expression levels of Bcl-2 in either transgenic or polyclonal naive CD4 and CD8 T cells are similar, excluding a role for this molecule as a key factor in differential survival of CD4 vs CD8 T cells.
Improving the transferability of costing results in economic evaluation : an application to dialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This thesis examines the challenges involved in transferring economic evaluation costing results between different health care settings. The first chapter suggests that improving the transferability of costing results is important for two main reasons. Firstly, if cost data are transferable this could allow policy makers in one location to use the cost results of a study from a different location and apply these to their own setting. Secondly, to maximise the ability to synthesise costing results within a multi-centre study, the data need to be transferable across the participating study centres/countries. In terms of factors which influence the transferability of costs results, a major consideration is the underlying economic heterogeneity of alternative health care settings. In addition the chapter identifies three main factors with scope for improvement, namely the reporting, standardisation and transparency of cost data, which are addressed throughout the thesis. Chapter 2 highlights that in terms of economic evaluation methodology, greater attention has been devoted to the benefit component compared to costing methodology. The chapter goes onto reveal that although costing issues such as discounting are increasingly being taken into account by health economists, there are other areas with clear scope for methodological development. In particular, the calculation of unit costs, the level of detail in collecting cost data, patient cost measurement and the conversion of cost results into a common currency are described. A description of the clinical area for this thesis, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is provided in Chapter 3. The aim of Chapter 4 is to examine the choice of approach taken to calculate unit costs in multi-centres studies. The empirical work presented in Chapter 5 explores whether detailed unit costing approaches (bottom-up) might be necessary and favourable to more readily available costs (top-down), even if this implies a greater use of data collection resources. The focus of the thesis moves from health service costing to patient costing and the notion of a societal perspective in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 addresses the issue of reporting costing results by converting cost results into a common currency base. The main approaches to converting costs, namely exchange rates and published purchasing power parities (PPPs) are described, along with their respective limitations.
Chitosan nanoparticles from Artemia salina attenuate LPS-induced inflammation in MCF7 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of Artemia salina-derived chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the human breast cancer MCF7 cells. The in vitro inhibition assays exhibited a weak inhibitory activity for CNPs against COX1 isozyme and a strong inhibitory activity against COX2 isozyme. Treatment the cells with CNPs decreased viability of MCF7. Administration of CNPs also induced an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced inflamed MCF7 cells as indicated by results obtained from real time PCR which showed a significant downregulated expression of the inflammatory cytokines NFkB, IL6, COX1, and COX2 mRNA. In all experiments, CNPs exerted more potent cytotoxic effect on MCF7 and higher anti-inflammatory effect on inflamed MCF7 than chitosan. These data conclude that CNPs could be used as a promise anti-inflammatory agent.
Righting medical writing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dear World's Best Medical Journal (WBJM):

I am sorry to say that I will not be able to send you my manuscript, entitled "In Search Of: 16 Physicians Looking for Another Publication to Add to Their CVs." There are so many journals being published these days, and I receive so many requests to submit articles, that I can fill only a fraction of the demand. As a result, many worthwhile journals must be refused simply because I lack articles to go around. Comments about your journal from two expert reviewers are enclosed. Please remember that, in making my decision, many considerations are taken into account. (You might wish to consult my editorial on this subject inThe Collected Wisdom of V. C. Strasburger, M.D., vol 1, p 200.) All copies of my manuscript are, therefore, being sent to other journals. Thanks very much for the opportunity to review your journal.
Clusia scariosepala (Clusiaceae ), a Distinct Species of Clusia Sect . Anandrogyne Endemic to the Venezuelan Andes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clusia sect. Anandrogyne is the most species-rich section in the genus and it includes approximately 70 species. Taxonomic boundaries within the group have been difficult to establish due to high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters. In order to make informed taxonomic decisions, an evaluation of both morphological (fruit morphology) and molecular (nrDNA ITS) data was made among species included in Clusia sect. Anandrogyne. It was found that Clusia multiflora subsp. scariosepala has strikingly distinctive fruit morphology and, furthermore, it is phylogenetically more closely related to other species of Clusia than to Clusia multiflora. Therefore, raising this taxon to the rank of species is proposed herein. Conservation status assessment for the species is also provided.
Shedding light on GPIbα shedding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Ectodomain shedding has been investigated since the late 1980s. The abundant and platelet specific GPIbα receptor is cleaved by ADAM17 resulting in the release of its ectodomain called glycocalicin. This review will address the role of glycocalicin as an end-stage marker of platelet turnover and storage lesion and will consider a potential function as effector in processes beyond hemostasis. Recent findings Glycocalicin has been described as a marker for platelet senescence, turnover and storage lesion but is not routinely used in a clinical setting because its diagnostic value is nondiscriminatory. Inhibition of glycocalicin shedding improves posttransfusion recovery but little is known (yet) about potential hemostatic improvements. In physiological settings, GPIbα shedding is restricted to the intracellular GPIbα receptor subpopulation suggesting a role for shedding or glycocalicin beyond hemostasis. Summary So far, all evidence represents glycocalicin as an end-stage biomarker of platelet senescence and a potential trigger for platelet clearance. The extensive list of interaction partners of GPIbα in fields beyond hemostasis opens new possibilities to investigate specific effector functions of glycocalicin.
Prediction of the Functional Status of the Cochlear Nerve in Individual Cochlear Implant Users Using Machine Learning and Electrophysiological Measures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study aimed to create an objective predictive model for assessing the functional status of the cochlear nerve (CN) in individual cochlear implant (CI) users. Design: Study participants included 23 children with cochlear nerve deficiency (CND), 29 children with normal-sized CNs (NSCNs), and 20 adults with various etiologies of hearing loss. Eight participants were bilateral CI users and were tested in both ears. As a result, a total of 80 ears were tested in this study. All participants used Cochlear Nucleus CIs in their test ears. For each participant, the CN refractory recovery function and input/output (I/O) function were measured using electrophysiological measures of the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) at three electrode sites across the electrode array. Refractory recovery time constants were estimated using statistical modeling with an exponential decay function. Slopes of I/O functions were estimated using linear regression. The eCAP parameters used as input variables in the predictive model were absolute refractory recovery time estimated based on the refractory recovery function, eCAP threshold, slope of the eCAP I/O function, and negative-peak (i.e., N1) latency. The output variable of the predictive model was CN index, an indicator for the functional status of the CN. Predictive models were created by performing linear regression, support vector machine regression, and logistic regression with eCAP parameters from children with CND and the children with NSCNs. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis with Tukey’s honest significant difference criterion was used to compare study variables among study groups. Results: All three machine learning algorithms created two distinct distributions of CN indices for children with CND and children with NSCNs. Variations in CN index when calculated using different machine learning techniques were observed for adult CI users. Regardless of these variations, CN indices calculated using all three techniques in adult CI users were significantly correlated with Consonant–Nucleus–Consonant word and AzBio sentence scores measured in quiet. The five oldest CI users had smaller CN indices than the five youngest CI users in this study. Conclusions: The functional status of the CN for individual CI users was estimated by our newly developed analytical models. Model predictions of CN function for individual adult CI users were positively and significantly correlated with speech perception performance. The models presented in this study may be useful for understanding and/or predicting CI outcomes for individual patients.
Discoidin Domain Receptors in Tumor Biology and Immunology: Progression and Challenge

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The onset and progression of tumors involve intricate, multifactorial processes. A key component in tumor evolution is the dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs), a unique class of collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinases, serve as critical mediators of cell-ECM communication. Recent studies have uncovered their significant roles in modulating diverse cancer-related processes, including immune responses, cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. This review begins with an overview of the discovery, structural features, and canonical and non-canonical functions of DDRs. It then focuses on the reciprocal regulation between DDRs and collagen in the tumor microenvironment, highlighting how this interplay contributes to cancer progression. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of DDRs in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and their influence on various aspects of cancer cell biology. Finally, we summarize the current advances in therapeutic strategies targeting DDRs, offering insights into their potential as biomarkers and drug targets in cancer treatment.