jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P03.13. Assessment of student learning at a CAM institution - why and how?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Methods Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) are specific statements that describe the knowledge, skills and attitudes that students are expected to learn at the successful completion of the curriculum. They provide the students with what to expect of the program and themselves. SLOs also assist in programmatic review, evaluation and improvement of the curriculum. As a result of their extensive role, outcome based education has become a priority in health professions. While it has been successfully implemented in medical, dental and nursing schools, outcome based education is gradually evolving in the complementary and alternative medicine professions. Our institution created four exclusive SLO Departments to develop, refine, and manage SLOs across all the programs. Furthermore, these departments were given the responsibility of assessment of student learning.
Field determination of sediment transport patterns: a case study from Patos Beach (Northwest Spain)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Transport patterns at Patos Beach, in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, were studied by performing different field experiments under various spatial and time scales. For the purpose of the present work, the central part of the beach was selected, where the highest morphodynamic changes occurred. Monthly monitoring consisting on beach profile surveys and sediment sampling were carried out from November 1999 to February 2001. Detailed fieldwork were conducted on 18-19 September 2000, during two tidal cycles, in order to acquire specific data from topography, fluorescent tracers and mixing depth experiments. Seasonal study shows a great variation, ranging from reflective to dissipative morphodynamical states, according with the prevailing wave climate. Temporal evolution of the beach morphology, volumetric and sedimentary variations presented no significant longshore changes, confirming cross-shore transport as the main pattern in the beach. The short-term study reinforces this assumption. Results obtained from the short term analysis (topographic evolution and tracer distribution) agree with the medium term trends approach and revealed the existence of weak transport rates towards onshore direction, under calm conditions, pointing out to a very gradual recovery of the beach.
A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

At the close of the Second World War, when industrialized nations faced serious trade and financial imbalances, delegates from forty-four countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in order to reconstruct the international monetary system. Over the next 25 years, with currencies fixed to the American dollar, world trade expanded vigorously, inflation remained moderate, and national income in industrialized countries rose faster than during any other period. In this volume, three generations of scholars and policy makers, some of whom participated in the 1944 conference, consider how the Bretton Woods System contributed to economic stability and rapid growth between 1945 and 1971 and discuss the future of the international monetary system in light of the Bretton Woods experience. Since President Richard M. Nixon ended the Bretton Woods System in 1971, exchange rates have exhibited increasing flexibility. After twenty years of floating rates, however, there is considerable interest in once again limiting exchange rate flexibility. The apparent success of the European Monetary System, a fixed-rate arrangement loosely based on the postwar system, and the prospect of European monetary unification increase interest in a new internationally stable exchange rate. Moreover, some academics and government officials see fixed rates as a way to help Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union cope with pressing economic and political problems. The economists, historians, political scientists, and policy makers who contribute to this volume relate the Bretton Woods System to earlier fixed-rate schemes and consider the political background of the original New Hampshire meeting. Using recenteconomic theory - for example, work on time consistency and credibility - they explore adjustment, liquidity, and transmission under the System; the way it affected developing countries; and the role of the International Monetary Fund in maintaining a stable rate. The authors examine th
Plasma exchange therapy for solar urticaria.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report two cases of severe idiopathic solar urticaria treated with plasma exchange therapy. Previous treatment which included antihistamines and, in one patient, desensitization with psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy produced only partial benefit. The effect of plasma exchange therapy was assessed using monochromator phototesting and intradermal injection of in vitro irradiated serum. One patient responded but relapsed within 2 weeks. We have failed to demonstrate a lasting benefit from plasma exchange therapy (PExT) in the treatment of two patients with idiopathic solar urticaria.
Hotel Restaurant Co-branding: The Impact of Consumer Evaluation on Perceived Risk, Perceived Value and Intention to Purchase

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to develop an understanding the role of consumer evaluation of hotel restaurant co-branding and consider how this impacts intention to purchase. Developed from the existing co-branding literature, a conceptual model of hotel-restaurant co-branding is provided. This model describes the relationship between consumer perceived risk and perceived value and their influence on consumer intention to purchase. The outcomes of the consumer evaluation of hotel restaurant co-branding are influenced by both consumer characteristics and the nature of the brand alliance. From the consumer perspective an important influential factor is the involvement with the brands (consumer accumulated brand knowledge) which is developed from past experience. The nature of the brand alliance and the consistency of brand extension attributes are also factors that influence the consumer evaluation outcome.
Fertilization and Fertilizer Types

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nowadays, fertilizers are among the most important production factors of sustainable and modern agriculture. With the use of science, technical methods, and fertilizers with different contents in agriculture, the quality and quantity of agricultural products have increased significantly. In this study, it is aimed to compile information about fertilizers and to create a reference source for those working in the agricultural sector and those interested in the subject by using the literature information. In the study, the purpose of fertilization and its application methods were mentioned, and fertilizers were classified under two main headings: fertilizers containing organic matters and chemical fertilizers. In the use of fertilizers, conducting soil analysis, knowing the nutrients needed by the plant to be planted, the chemical composition of the fertilizer, climatic conditions such as temperature and precipitation, procedures previously applied to the soil, and conscious agriculture have been determined to be essential factors. It has been observed that plants planted in areas poor in terms of nutrients do not only affect plant development but also affect human and animal health with the consumption of these plants. In the future, it is predicted that chemical fertilizers will be used more than other types of fertilizers in agricultural production in order to grow more quality products in agriculture for the purpose of meeting the food need emerging in parallel to the increasing world population.
Nuclear Gene-Induced Plastome Mutations in Oenothera hookeri. II. Phenotypic Description with Electron Microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The nuclear gene pm of Oenothera hookeri T. & G. strain Johansen increases the frequency of plastome mutations. These plastome mutations are visible because they form variegation sectors. A distinctive feature of the pm system is the large number of different phenotypes induced by the plastome mutator. The fine structure of four plastome mutants has been studied using electron microscopy. Each of the four mutants had a unique phenotype which was characterized by the amount of thylakoid development, the number of plastoglobuli, and the dilation of thylakoids with age. The developmental sequence of the phenotype of one of the mutants was studied by following plastid development in progressively larger leaves. The phenotypes of the pm-induced mutants are generally similar to those of spontaneous plastome mutations described in the literature.
Healthcare disparities in cardio oncology: patients receive same level of surveillance regardless of race at a safety net hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Cardiotoxicity remains a dreaded complication for patients undergoing chemotherapy with human epidermal growth factor (HER)-2 receptor antagonists and anthracyclines. Though many studies have looked at racial disparities in heart failure patients, minimal data is present for the cardio-oncology population. Methods: We queried the echocardiogram database at a safety net hospital, defined by a high proportion of patients with Medicaid or no insurance, for patients who received HER2 receptor antagonists and/or anthracyclines from January 2016 to December 2018. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were collected. Based on US census data in 2019, home ZIP codes were used to group patients into quartiles based on median annual household income. The primary end point studied was referral rate to cardiology for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Results: We identified 149 patients who had echocardiograms and also underwent treatment with HER2 receptor antagonists and/or anthracyclines, of which 70 (47.0%) were referred to the cardio-oncology program at our institution. Basic demographics were similar, but white patients were more likely to live in ZIP codes with higher income quartiles (p<0.00001). Comparing between racial groups, there was no statistical difference in the percentage of patients that had a reduction in ejection fraction (EF) (p=0.75). There was no statistical difference between racial groups in the number of cardiology or oncology appointments attended, number of appointments cancelled, average number of echocardiograms received, additional cardiac imaging received. Black patients were more likely to receive ACEI/ARB post chemotherapy (p=0.047). A logistic regression model was created using race, age, gender, insurance, income quartile by home ZIP code, comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history, age >65), procedures (coronary stents, cardiac surgery), medications pre-chemotherapy, cancer type, cancer stage, and chemotherapy. This model found that there was an increased referral rate among patients from higher income quartiles (p=0.017 for quartile 3, p=0.049 for quartile 4), patients with a history of hypertension (p<0.0001), and patients with breast cancer (p=0.02). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that patients of our cardio-oncology population at a safety net hospital receive the same level of surveillance and treatment, and develop drop in ejection fraction at similar rates regardless of their race. However, patients that reside in ZIP codes associated with higher income quartiles, with hypertension, and with breast cancer, are associated with increased rate of referral.
What is Psychosis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We began the Preface with a list of questions that people experiencing psychosis and their family members often have. As we mentioned, an episode of psychosis can be frightening, confusing, and painful for the individual going through it and for his or her family members. We also noted that this book is meant to help readers through a very difficult time by providing much needed information. Part 1 of this book, Answering Your Basic Questions, focuses on explaining some of the most important facts about psychosis. This chapter addresses the first basic question, what is psychosis? In this chapter, we define what psychosis is and then dispel some myths by describing what psychosis is not. We then briefly describe what percentage of people develop psychosis and when it usually first begins. Next, we present the idea of a “psychosis continuum,” which means that experiences of psychosis can differ in level of seriousness. We then set the stage for later chapters by briefly introducing schizophrenia (one of the illnesses that is related to psychosis) and several other topics to come later in the book, including causes of psychosis, treatments, and recovery. Psychosis is a form of mental illness. A mental illness affects a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Like physical illnesses, mental illnesses are treatable. Psychosis is a treatable mental illness syndrome. You may be familiar with some other mental illness syndromes, such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and panic attacks. So what exactly does psychosis mean? Psychosis is a word used to describe a person’s mental state when he or she is out of touch with reality. For example, a person might hear voices that are not really there (auditory hallucinations) or believe things that are not really true (delusions). Psychosis is a medical condition that occurs due to a dysfunction in the brain. People with psychosis have difficulty separating false personal experiences from reality. They may behave in a bizarre or risky manner without realizing that they are doing anything unusual. Similar to any other health condition, psychosis consists of a combination of both symptoms that patients experience and signs that doctors observe.
Cerebellar pathophysiology in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This series of experiments investigated dystrophin localization in the normal cerebellum and examined Purkinje neuron function in normal and dystrophin-deficient mice to better understand the physiological basis for cognitive deficits associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a common genetic disorder among children. Cognitive impairments are consistently reported in DMD, yet precise mechanisms for their occurrence are unknown. Dystrophin protein, which is absent in DMD, is normally localized to muscles and specific neurons in the brain. Purkinje neurons are rich in dystrophin, specifically in somatic and dendritic membranes. Studies demonstrate perturbed cerebellar function in the absence of dystrophin, suggesting that DMD should be regarded as a cerebellar disorder in addition to being considered a neuromuscular disorder. However, theory and evidence are not generated from overlapping information: research investigating cerebellar involvement in DMD has focused on the vermal region, associated with motor function. The lateral region, implicated in cognition, has not been explicitly examined in DMD. The first experiment revisited the issue of dystrophin distribution in the mouse cerebellum using immunohistochemistry to investigate qualitative and quantitative differences between cerebellar regions. Both regions showed dystrophin localized to Purkinje neuron somatic and dendritic membranes, but dystrophin density was 30% greater in the lateral than the vermal region. The second experiment examined intrinsic electrophysiological properties of vermal and lateral Purkinje neurons from wild-type (WT) mice and from the mdx mouse model of DMD which lack dystrophin. Significant differences in action potential firing frequency, regularity, and shape were found between cerebellar regions. Purkinje neurons from mdx mouse cerebellum exhibited membrane hyperpolarization and irregular action potential firing, regardless of region. Spontaneous action potential firing frequency was reduced in Purkinje neurons from lateral cerebellum in mdx mice relative to controls, demonstrating that a loss of dystrophin causes a potent dysregulation of Purkinje neuron function in the region associated with cognition. This research extends our understanding of cerebellar pathology in DMD and its potential relevance to cognitive deficits in the disorder. Moreover, this research further supports the role of the cerebellum as a structure important for cognition and contributes to our understanding of dystrophin’s role in the brain.
Statement of Asian Theology Conference Ecclesia in Asia (EA) & Church's Service to Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We are 40 theologians from different Asian countries who have come
together to reflect on the document EA. We are grateful to the document for
challenging us to rethink and revision what it means to be Church in Asia.
EA brings into focus the importance of an inculturated theology. We
acknowledge the need of being Church in a holistic way that recognizes human
needs in an Asian context. At the same time, we realize that we have too
easily absorbed even dehumanizing elements. We confess our shortcomings. We
remain in great part a clerical Church in which patriarchy, inequality based
on caste differentiation, gender insensitivity and an unhealthy spirit of
proselytization continue to disfigure the countenance of the Church in Asia. Yet
we discover God’s saving action and the presence of the divine in the many
faces of the Churches in Asia as well as in other faith persuasions.
Cultivation of Sweet violet (Viola odorata L.)as an ornamental and medicinal species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mirisna ljubicica cvate u proljece nježnim cvjetovima privlacnog mirisa zbog kojih se cesto sakuplja s prirodnih stanista. Premda se vrsta odlikuje sitnim cvjetovima od davnina se proizvodi za rez, a zbog neodoljivog mirisa i rane cvatnje uobicajena je vrsta tradicijskih vrtova. Cijela biljka je jestiva i ljekovita tako da postoje brojne mogucnosti njezine primjene u prehrambene, farmaceutske i kozmeticke svrhe. Cilj ovog rada je predstaviti mogucu tehnologiju proizvodnje mirisave ljubicice.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS AN OBJECTIVE CRITERION FOR THE PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE OF COMBATANTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim: To evaluate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system in combatants, the relationship between the heat rate variability (HRV) and ques¬tionnaire indicators, to improve the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to evaluate the effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation (TM). Materials and methods: 57 combatants and 30 civilians, with registering ECG and HRV-analysis, self-questionnaire testing. Results: The combatants’ group showed an increase in heart rate, in the degree of centralisation of heart rate control and the R. Bayevsky stress index, a decrease in the total HRV value. PTSD score was negatively correlated with pNN50. The indicator «Stress» (by DASS-21), revealed negative relationships with the TP, (LF+HF), RMSSD, HF, HFn. The effects of TM on HRV are to save the work of the cardiovascular system (reduced heart rate), reduce the level of nervous and emotional stress, increase the overall adaptation reserve. After TM, the HRV spectrum retains the same proportions of very low, low, and high frequencies as in the baseline state. Conclusions: The study objectively proved the presence of neuro-emotional stress and depletion of autonomic regulation reserves in combatants, both by questionnaire surveys and HRV analysis. The high level of correlation between HRV and questionnaire indicators gives grounds for the introduction of HRV analysis for the initial assessment of the psycho-emotional state and tracking its dynamics, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of its correction. Our use of TM has confirmed its effectiveness in correcting the psycho-emotional state.
The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract has been studied by many authorities and nothing concrete has been documented to encourage further discourse on followups and pharmaceutical trials. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract. Data Sources: The search engines employed include PUBMED and EBSCO research Databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, E-journals and Open Dissertations). Study Selection: The key words used were “age-related cataract”, “drug treatment”, “cataract” and “pharmacotherapy”. There was no language restriction. Studies were random controlled trials and quasi experiments that reported relative risks, odds ratios or hazard ratios with 95%CI for their reported results. Data Extraction: Independent mining of articles by one author applying already defined data fields, including study value pointers. Data Synthesis: Data was put on a spread sheet and analyzed according to the study parameters of interest. Results: 90 percent of the studies reported a measure of effects on age-related cataracts in humans and enucleated cataractous human lens nuclei, horses, dogs, and goats, and induced cataracts in rats and rabbits. Conclusions: Many substances have been researched and shown to inhibit development and progression of age-related cataract in human eyes and in selenite and diabetic cataracts in animal models. It is possible to ameliorate cataract with pharmacotherapy once the right combination of agents is discovered.