jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Milk Powders:  Methods Comparison and Validation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many papers have been published during the past 15 years on suitable methodologies for the analysis of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in foodstuff. Regarding milk powders, data found in the literature are difficult to compare, if not contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare four of the most frequently used methods for COP analysis to identify the best. A method with direct saponification of the sample was compared with three methods involving preliminary fat extraction (Folch's, Radin's, and Maxwell's methods). After saponification all of the samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on aminopropyl cartridges and analyzed by GC-MS. [2H6]cholesterol was used to monitor artifact formation. The four methods were applied to the analysis of three milk powders containing different levels of COPs (low, medium, and high contents). The method offering the best compromise was found to be direct saponification of the milk powder, without preliminary fat extraction, followed by aminopropyl-SPE and GC-MS quantification. Keywords: Milk powder; cholesterol; oxidation; artifacts; GC-MS; validation
Dication ether salts, R+-O-R+.2CF3SO3-, from the reaction of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride with activated ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDication ether salts, R+-O-R+.2CF3SO3-, from the reaction of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride with activated ketonesPeter J. Stang, Gerhard Maas, David L. Smith, and James A. McCloskeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 16, 4837–4845Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00406a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00406a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views883Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparing science instruction methods in the high school classroom setting: A case study in inquiry-based methods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The science education system currently in place in the United States does not adequately prepare students to compete well with international students. The development of new teaching methods is essential to ensure improvement of the system and provide its students with better scholastic achievements and employment opportunities. Various methods have been studied, with one implemented in a high school classroom to compare the results of the new method with the traditional method of instruction. Rather than the traditional lecture-based approach, Honors Chemistry students learned the theory of the gas laws using inquiry-based methods and hands-on activities. The students were then evaluated using the same assessment as in previous years where instruction was more direct. Preliminary results indicate a 3% increase in the final assessment score using the inquiry method rather than the straight lecture approach.
Electricity without Fuel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Most power plants produce electricity by converting a mechanical motion into alternating current (AC). Photovoltaic solar panels convert an electromagnetic flux of light into direct current (DC). In general, electric energy can be harvested from a flux in the environment or from a change of the environment itself. One can produce electricity from mechanical, chemical, thermal, electromagnetic (light), or another physical flux, or from a change of temperature, chemical composition, or a physical field: gravitational, magnetic, electric, mechanical stress and strain, etc. Flux examples are mechanical motions of air and water, surface waves and tides, heat fluxes due to a temperature gradient, solar light, and a chemical flux (such as humidity propagation in the atmospheric air or diffusion of salt in water due to a gradient of salinity at the mouth of a fresh-water river flowing into an ocean). Environmental changes are under-used in energy production, although people are exposed to daily and seasonal changes of the environment, which include changing air temperature, pressure, humidity, and composition, tidal changes of the gravitational field, and less periodic changes of the geo-magnetic and electric fields. Production of electricity without fuel from the environmental changes and fluxes requires a durable infrastructure for a cost-effective utilization of the "semi-perpetual" energy resources.
Invariant regimes of Spencer scaling law for magnetic compression of rotating FRC plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The scaling laws for the magnetic compression of a toroidally rotating field reversed configuration (FRC) have been investigated in this work. The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of the magnetic compression on rotating FRCs employing the NIMROD code (Sovinec et al 2004 J. Comput. Phys. 195 355), are compared with the Spencer’s one-dimensional (1D) theory (Spencer et al 1983 Phys. Fluids 26 1564) for a wide range of initial flow speeds and profiles. The toroidal flow can influence the scalings directly through the alteration of the compressional work as also evidenced in the 1D adiabatic model, and indirectly by reshaping the initial equilibrium. However, in comparison to the static initial FRC equilibrium cases, the pressure and the radius scalings remain invariant for the magnetic compression ratio B w 2 / B w 1 up to 6 in presence of the initial equilibrium flow, suggesting a broader applicable regime of the Spencer scaling law for FRC magnetic compression. The invariant scaling has been proven a natural consequence of the conservation of angular momentum of both fluid and magnetic field during the dynamic compression process.
Breakfast Omission Reduces 24 h Energy Intake and Evening Exercise Performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breakfast intervention studies have reported that energy omitted at breakfast is not accurately compensated for at subsequent meals, resulting in a reduced energy intake. However, prolonging the overnight fast has been shown to impair exercise performance compared to exercising after breakfast. Maintenance of exercise performance might influence the success of weight management programs. Such exercise sessions are often undertaken in the evening, but the effect of breakfast omission on evening exercise performance is unclear. PURPOSE: This study assessed the impact of omitting breakfast on evening exercise performance, as well as within-day 24 h energy intake. METHODS: Ten male, habitual breakfast eaters completed two randomised, counterbalanced trials. On each trial, subjects arrived at the laboratory after an overnight fast and consumed either a breakfast meal (25% of daily estimated energy requirements: 3095 ± 195 kJ; BC) or water equal to that in the breakfast (625 ± 39 ml; BO) (08:30). Ad-libitum energy intake was assessed at 13:00 (lunch) and 19:30 (dinner). At 17:00, subjects completed 30 min cycling exercise at 60% VO2peak, followed by a 30 min maximal cycling performance test. Subjects were not permitted to consume food once they left the laboratory after dinner until 08:30 the following morning. Subjective appetite was measured throughout each trial. RESULTS: Energy intake was greater (P<0.01) at lunch during BO (5678 ± 1878 kJ) than BC (4970 ± 1987 kJ) and tended to be greater (P=0.052) at dinner during BC (6359 ± 1631 kJ) than BO (5882 ± 1443 kJ). Consequently, total ad-libitum energy intake was similar between trials (P=0.357), with 24 h energy intake (including breakfast) 20 ± 5 % (2864 ± 733 kJ) greater during BC than BO (P<0.001). Hunger and desire to eat were greater, whilst fullness was lower during BO for all time points between breakfast and lunch (P<0.01), with no differences after lunch (P>0.123). Total work completed during the exercise performance test was greater during BC compared to BO (314 ± 53 kJ vs. 300 ± 56 kJ; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Breakfast omission might be effective as a means of reducing daily energy intake in habitual breakfast eaters, but may impair exercise performance later that day, even after consuming lunch.
Perception of Emotional Responses to Social Interactions by Chinese and American Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the first stage of this study, groups of Chinese and American kindergarten children were asked to describe the kinds of situations that would make them feel happy, sad, afraid, or angry. Situations mentioned in each emotional category by both Chinese and American kindergarten children were written up as short stories and administered to second grade children from each cultural group. The responses of the Chinese and American second grade children to the social interaction situations were generally consistent with the spontaneous answers given by the kindergarten youngsters. The Chinese and American groups differed in that the Chinese second grade children perceived significantly more angry reactions whereas the American second grade children perceived significantly more sad reactions. An explanation was suggested on the basis of probable variations in child rearing practices in the two cultures.
Assigning Tasks to Workers by Referring to Their Schedules in Mobile Crowdsourcing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on task assignments to workers in mobile crowdsoucing systems. The current method does not work so well since it considers only workers who are ready to work at the time of optimization. Our method handles workers' day-long schedules, creates a `time-extended' worker-task graph that expresses the relationships between workers and tasks over a time period and finds the best set of worker-task-time triples. Our evaluation using real world visiting logs shows it increases the rate of assigned tasks by more than 8.2% compared with a state-of-the-art assignment method.
Prediction of clinical response to CRT by mechanical dyssynchrony

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results: a mean of 1284-53 points for each patient were acquired.Lower unipolar and bipolar vokages were found in MD 1 pts compared to controls in the interatrial septum (anterior: unipolar 1.774-1.25 mV vs 3.084-1.83mV, p<0.0001; bipolar 1.094-0.96mV vs 2.634-2.18mV, p<0.0001; medium: unipolar 2.254-1.74mV vs 3.204-1.43mV, p=0.009; bipolar 1.554-1.08mV vs 2.364-1.47mV, p=0.001; posterior: unipolar 1.844-1.08mV vs 2.374-0.70mV, p=0.01; bipolar 1.154-0.79mV vs 1.734-0.79mV, p=0.0002) and anterolateral atrial wall (unipolar: 2.174-1.38 mV vs 2.954-1.69mV, p<0.0001; bipolar: 1.934-1.51mV vs 2.244-1.90mV, p=0.03).Bipolar potentials duration was significantly prolonged in all regions of RA in MD 1 pts compared to controls.Atrial propagation time of the electrical impulse was longer in MD1 pts than controls (1314-25 ms vs 1004-19 ms, p=0.046).A significant relationship was documented between number of CTG triplets and the percentage of low vokages in the interatrial septum (r=0.6,p= 0.02) Conclusions: cardiac involvement in MD1 includes structural heart abnormalities.These resuks demonstrate the presence of widespread functional changes in the myocardium not necessarily limited to the conduction system, suggesting the development of a cardiac myopathy as part of the disease.
New Benchmark Corpus and Models for Fine-grained Event Classification: To BERT or not to BERT?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a new set of benchmark datasets derived from ACLED data for fine-grained event classification and compare the performance of various state-of-the-art models on these datasets, including SVM based on TF-IDF character n-grams and neural context-free embeddings (GLOVE and FASTTEXT) as well as deep learning-based BERT with its contextual embeddings. The best results in terms of micro (94.3-94.9%) and macro F1 (86.0-88.9%) were obtained using BERT transformer, with simpler TF-IDF character n-gram based SVM being an interesting alternative. Further, we discuss the pros and cons of the considered benchmark models in terms of their robustness and the dependence of the classification performance on the size of training data.
The role of conceptualization and operationalization in the use of secondary data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the recent advancements in data mining and availability of large data repositories, a vast amount of collected data are reused as secondary data sources. Although the use of secondary data provides many new opportunities for knowledge discoveries, it requires a careful analysis of the primary research process, namely, the original purpose, conceptualization and operationalization of the variables, and the specific context of data collection. This paper focuses on the interpretation of the secondary data as the evidence of existence or non-existence of real-world phenomena. Our discussion is based on the extended fuzzy logic approach, FLe, proposed by Lotfi Zadeh for the modeling of real-world problems. We demonstrate the necessity of an explicit model for the conceptualization and operationalization process using real-life examples from ecological and medical research.
Wild Birds as Bioindicator For Heavy Metals Pollution in Lake Quaron Protected Area (Ramsar Site), Fayoum, Egypt

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aquatic organisms absorb the pollutants directly from water and indirectly from food chains.Heavy metals levels were determined in different organs of the wild birds (Anas crecca, Fulica atra, Larus genii, Egretta garzetta and Ceryle rudis) by using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer.The samples collected from Lake Quaron which suffers from a serious pollution problems.The results revealed that heavy metal levels in Larus genii , Anas crecca and Egretta garzetta found to have their highest concentration in liver while Fulica atra and Ceryle rudis were in feather.The lowest heavy metals concentration found in all birds in muscles.The evaluated wild birds considers as an important bioindicator for the degree of pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
Extending yield/density equations for intercropping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Five experiments agronomically managed differently investigated yield/density relationships in wheat/faba bean (bean) intercrop system. Mostly wheat seed yields (SY) responses were asymptotic to increase in wheat seed rate (wsr). For the wheat sole crop (WSC), SY ranged from 102 g/m2-734 g/m2. Intercropping reduced wheat SY but this did not always depend on wsr. The maximum bean sole crop SY was 392g/m2: bean SY declined as wsr increased. In most cases biomass yield (BY) responses followed similar pattern as the SY. The total intercrops (TI) SY were greater than the sole crops (SC) mostly where wheat intercrop BY were not substantially reduced. Also, mostly the TI accumulated more photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) whilst WSC was better at radiation use efficiency (RUE) as wsr increased. Intercrop performance (IP) were assessed from results and fitted values (FV) after yield/density equations (YDE) were applied (for the SY) using land equivalent ratio (LER), crop performance ratio (CPR) and another index. For the SY, a maximum LER of 2.20, and a maximum CPR of 1.61 were obtained. In two experiments LER > 1.0 but CPR < 1.0 were obtained, indicating that the TI were less efficient than Se. Estimates of IP using FV, did not consistently agreed with estimates of IP using results. In one experiment, sulphur application increased bean but reduced wheat SY. The effects of sulphur on SY were mainly determined by the BY and the PAR. In another experiment, delaying bean sowing reduced bean and increased wheat SY. Effects of different bean sowing dates on SY were determined by variables similar to the effect of sulphur above. Moreover, across the experiments, wsr and intercropping reduced weed biomass substantially, and weeds biomass inclusions had effects on the estimate of RUE. In conclusion, wheat/bean intercrop system is beneficial, and YDE can quantify the intercrop yields well.
The Primacy of Process Architecture.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Piecemeal development and support for organisational processes may lead to problems: first, it is difficult to know which processes should be supported, and, second, it is unlikely that piecemeal processes will work well together. The solution seems to lie in first developing a coherent process architecture. However, this raises a further problem: a number of different types of process architecture have been proposed, but it is not clear which one should be used in a given situation. To help to address this problem, the paper describes and evaluates one particular process architecture type and its associated development method, Riva [3]. The method was used to create a process architecture for part of a University faculty. It was found to be easy to apply, and, in addition, the resulting process architecture was found to be easy to understand and to use. This result should help others to decide which type of architecture to use when this kind of domain context is encountered. 1
Systolic anterior motion of a transatrial transcatheter mitral valve replacement causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transatrial transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a hybrid strategy involving placing the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass and direct implantation of a transcatheter valve in a calcified annulus for mitral annular calcification. We report a rare phenomenon of systolic anterior motion of the leaflets of a transcatheter heart valve prosthesis used for mitral valve replacement causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Although reported in transcatheter mitral valve replacement, we believe this is the first report of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after transatrial mitral valve replacement and discuss the pre-disposing risk factors.
Exploring the Ontological Security of Young Adult Migrants in Glasgow, UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scotland has long portrayed itself as a welcoming, tolerant, and progressive country which is inclusive towards migrant groups, often drawing on comparisons with other parts of the UK. This has helped to create a macro-narrative of Scottish distinctiveness (Nicolson and Korkut, 2022). However, this progressive narrative does not always align with the everyday experiences of migrants living in the country, who often experience racism and discrimination. This discord between narrative and lived experience takes centre stage in this qualitative study. A narrative enquiry methodology is used to explore mundane events and everyday interactions for five young adult migrants who have settled in Glasgow over the last 10-years, as well as one local-born participant. Creative arts research methods were also used to generate participant artworks, including collage, which provide a fresh perspective for analysis. This approach allows for the visualisation of identities, and everyday routines. Additionally, the opinions of selected Scottish politicians have been collected to gather an additional viewpoint of political narratives surrounding identity, diversity, and immigration in Scotland. An Ontological Security Theory (OST) theoretical framework is used to analyse how study participants seek to establish individual security through a variety of coping mechanisms (Giddens, 1991). The analysis explores how young adult migrant individuals employ self-securitising measures, negotiate their identities, and, in some cases, adopt nationalist political behaviours, to avoid the experience of ontological insecurity. The study has important considerations for research on migrant identities, and in sub-state nationalist political contexts, as well as marking a return to the micro-application of OST study. While the extant OS literature has highlighted the importance of individual biographical narratives on identity negotiation, this study emphasises the significance of collective narratives in guiding the everyday behaviours of migrant subjects. It seeks to answer the following key research questions: How do macro-narratives influence the interpretation of everyday events for young adults of migrant background in Scotland? To what extent can an OST perspective help us to understand the security-seeking processes of young adult migrants?
GAME-BASED INSTRUCTION: ENHANCING THE LEARNER'S RETENTION IN WORLD HISTORY SUBJECT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the influence of game-based instruction in improving students' learning retention. Ascertain the difference in the students' learning retention of the group and individual game-based instruction. The researchers utilized Action Research Design, specifically Collaborative Action Research Design. The data collection was done through both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A game-based instruction and interview were employed to collect the required data. Based on the results the respondents found the 5Ps as an assessment tool that helps retain information. This indicates that collaborative game-based activity is effective for the students in acquiring knowledge and skills. The results indicate that the student’s performance in Group game-based obtained better scores than the Individual game-based. Results indicated that group game-based instruction is highly beneficial and significantly contributes to the enhanced learning retention of the students.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Contributes to Apoptosis Induced by the Bcl-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenge especially among the elderly. The Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax recently showed significant survival benefits in AML patients when combined to low-dose cytarabine or azacitidine. Bcl-2 inhibition initiate mitochondrial apoptosis, but also respiration and cellular ATP production in AML. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a central energy sensor activated by increased AMP:ATP ratio to restore the cellular energy balance. Unexpectedly, we observed that venetoclax inhibited AMPK activity through caspase-dependent degradation of AMPK subunits in AML cells. On the other hand, genetic models of AMPK invalidation and re-expression suggested that AMPK participated to the early stages of apoptotic response through a negative regulation of multi-domain anti-apoptotic effectors such as Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL. Together our results suggested a new link between AMPK and Bcl-2-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis that participated to the anti-leukemic activity of venetoclax in AML.