jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous visualization measurement of velocity and temperature fields between outer and slotted inner cylinders in an electrical rotating machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When improving the performance of the generator, it is important to improve the cooling performance in the design. The structure of the generator consists of a rotor and stator; the rotor has grooves. In order to improve the cooling performance, it is necessary to clarify the heat transfer and flow characteristics between the heated rotor and stator. Previous studies have shown that the heat transfer coefficient of the groove surface tends to be higher than that of the cylindrical surface. However, the knowledge on changes in flow due to the heating of the inner cylinder and the temperature distribution of flow was unclear. So in this research, in order to elucidating the influence of the heating of the inner cylinder of the grooved rotating double cylinder on the heat transfer flow, it is performed to simultaneous visualization measurement of the heat transfer and flow behavior using LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). We calculated the rotor temperature on the heating rotor, derived a temperature calibration curve by LIF, and conducted the temperature measurements by LIF. As a result, it was confirmed that the temperature measurement by LIF was possible when the rotational speed was 350 rpm, when the output of the heater was 800 W. The method of obtaining the correlation function by acquiring the fluorescence value from the temperature to the image is appropriate.
MDB-103. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CYTOLOGY IN SURVEILLANCE FOR RECURRENT MEDULLOBLASTOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Surveillance of patients with medulloblastoma includes magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology evaluation. Certain protocols require frequent CSF cytology evaluations off-therapy while others perform CSF cytology only at the time of radiographic relapse. We wanted to determine the incidence of isolated CSF positivity at the time of recurrence and the outcome of these patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with relapsed medulloblastoma treated at Texas Children’s Hospital between 1997 and 2023. RESULTS Out of 223 patients with medulloblastoma, 45 patients developed recurrences. Twenty-five (55.5%) patients underwent lumbar puncture for CSF cytology at the time of relapse. The radiographic distribution of recurrences was focal (n=7), focal and disseminated (n=6), disseminated (n=11), and negative imaging (n=1). Seven out of the 25 (28%) patients had positive CSF cytology for malignant cells at initial relapse. All seven patients succumbed secondary to disease progression. Among 18 patients who had negative CSF cytology at recurrence, three infant patients at initial diagnosis were disease-free following craniospinal radiation at recurrence. Only one among 25 patients had positive CSF cytology without radiographic evidence of relapse. Among ten patients with focal disease at the time of relapse, seven had negative CSF cytology for malignant cells, and three did not have CSF cytology evaluated at the time of relapse. DISCUSSION Frequent evaluation of CSF cytology to detect recurrence may not be necessary in addition to imaging studies. In our study, it did not influence the outcome of patients with recurrence. Prospective studies are necessary to support periodic CSF surveillance to detect ctDNA, which may allow for early interventions that may influence outcomes in patients with recurrent medulloblastoma who have poor outcomes.
Desiccation Tolerance of Bryophyta and Its Ecological Adaptation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Under drought stress,bryophyta shows a series of physiological and ecological adaptation changes.This study shows bryophyta's physiological metabolic indexes under drought stress,and explains the relationship between desiccation tolerance and ecological adaptation.Through further analysis,bryophyta's adaptation is shown to be controlled by many factors,so desiccation tolerance of bryophyta should be considered comprehensively.
Comparative Study of the Composition and Nutritional Value of Cold-Pressed and Refined Grapeseed Oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper the comparative analysis of fatty acid composition and nutritional value of cold pressed oils of white and red grap seeds are compared to refined grape seed oil. The results showed that there are certain differences between cold pressed and refined oil, especially in nutritional values. Fatty acid composition of all samples was common for this type of oil, however, cold-pressed oils, both from the seeds of white and red grapes, had a significantly higher content of carotenoids and chlorophylls, as well as total tocopherols. On the other hand, refined oil was slightly enriched with phenolic compounds.
Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck 1834

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834 Least horseshoe bat This is a common bat species in China. FA — 34.3–41.6 mm, mass — 3.3–7.8 g, FMAXE — 100.3–111.2 kHz. Capture sites included Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan and Yunnan. Among these sites, bats from Beijing were larger than others (FA 40.2–41.6 mm) and had a lower call frequency, ranging 105.2–109.7 kHz. For example, some R. pusillus from Guangxi called at a higher frequency (111.2 kHz) and are smaller (FA 35.2–37.9 mm). Robinson (1996) reported that R. pusillus in Malaysia calls at 92.5 kHz (FA 38.3 mm), and so it appears likely that cryptic species divisions are likely in this taxon across its range. Li et al. (2006) suggested that bat taxa R. pusillus (sampled across China), R. monoceros (Taiwan), R. cornutus (main islands of Japan) and R. c. pumilus (Okinawa, Japan) are better considered as geographical subspecies rather than distinct species. Simmons (2005) considers that R. cornutus is confined to Japan and, therefore, bats from China that were previously assigned to this taxon are now considered to belong to R. pusillus. Previous records from China: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan and Zhejiang (Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003). Ecological Notes This is the most widespread and frequently encountered rhinolophid in China. It is rarely found in large numbers, and all records were from caves or once from a rock crevice. Five droppings collected in July 2002 from Beijing were analysed and found to contain (average percentage volume) 45% dipterans, 42% lepidopterans and 14% coleopterans. The diet is therefore similar to that of R. hipposideros in Europe (Vaughan, 1997), which it resembles closely in morphology seemingly as a consequence of convergent evolution (Li et al., 2006). Pregnant females were captured on 17 May, lactating females on 12 June 2005, in Guangxi.
Shared History and Controversial Border: Border Dispute in the History Textbooks between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1920~1930년대 소련 정부가 중앙아시아에서 소비에트 공화국을 수립하기 위해 국경을 획정한 결과 5개의 국가가 만들어졌다. 그 결과 부하라, 사마르칸트와 같은 타지크인 최초의 왕조라 일 컬어지는 사만조가 번성했던 곳, 그리고 타지크인들의 문화유산이 집중되어 있는 문화 중심지가 모두 타지키스탄이 아닌 우즈베키스탄의 영토에 위치하게 되었다. 이 글은 소련 정부의 국경 획정 결과 타지키스탄과 우즈베키스탄 사이에 존재하는 물리적 국경 과 역사 및 문화유산 경계가 일치하지 않는 상황이 양국의 역사 교과서에 어떠한 내러티브로 기록 되어 있는지를 비교 분석하고 이것이 독립 후 양국의 국가건설과정에서 어떻게 활용되었는지를 살 펴본다. 타지키스탄의 역사 교과서는 중앙아시아 국경 획정 과정에서 타지크인이지만 범투르크주의자 였던 자디드들이 타지크인들의 이해관계를 고려하지 않고, 우즈베키스탄에 유리하게 국경을 획정 했다고 비난한다. 그러나 사만조 이후 타지크인들이 민족국가를 가지게 된 것에 대해서는 긍정적 인 입장을 보인다. 타지키스탄 역사 교과서는 현재 타지키스탄 영토의 지리적 경계를 넘어서 예전부 터 지금까지 타지크인들이 거주했던 모든 지역을 타지크인들의 역사 공간으로 포함한다. 한편 우 즈베키스탄의 역사서술은 우즈베키스탄의 영토에서 형성되었던 모든 왕조를 자신들의 역사로 편입 시키는 원칙을 가지고 있다. 우즈베키스탄 교과서는 타지크인을 ‘페르시아어를 말하는 투르크인’ 이라고 규정한다. 타지키스탄 교과서는 이를 반박하기 위해서 타지크인의 인종과 언어는 우즈베크 인과는 다른 인도유럽 계통에 속한다는 것을 강조한다. 또한 양국 교과서는 타지키스탄과 우즈 베키스탄이 독립 이후 국가건설 과정에서 트란스옥시아나에 활동했던 중세 이슬람 학자들을 모두 자신의 조상으로 소환하여 대대적으로 기념하면서 각기 민족정체성 형성을 도모하고 있음을 기록 한다. 이러한 타지키스탄과 우즈베키스탄의 역사 논쟁은 2000년대 양국의 국경통과 문제, 수자원문 제 등의 분쟁 이슈를 배경으로 공격적으로 진행되었지만, 2010년대 후반 중앙아시아 정상들의 지 역협력 의지가 강화되면서 소강상태를 보이고 있다. 그러나 소비에트 정부의 정교하지 못한 국경 획정으로 발생한 우즈베키스탄의 타지크인 집중 거주 지역, 접경지대에는 민족 간 충돌의 가능성이 상존하고, 이것은 또다른 역사 논쟁을 불러일으킬 가능성을 배제할 수 없다.
FRAILTY TRAJECTORIES AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN JAPANESE OLDER ADULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The present study had two objectives: to identify aging trajectories in frailty status from age 65–90 years among community-dwelling older Japanese; and to identify factors associated with this trajectory among these people. The present prospective study used repeated measures data on frailty status from a 13-year longitudinal study. 1706 older adults completed an annual frailty assessment at least once during the follow-up. Frailty status was determined using an index based on the Fried frailty phenotype criteria. Potential associated factors for frailty trajectory included physical, biological, lifestyle-related, and psychological factors, as well as comorbidities. We identified five trajectory patterns in the frailty score from age of 65 to 90 years —individuals who were robust (10.5%) as well as individuals with late-onset frailty (16.1%), middle-onset frailty (25.6% and 35.2%), and early-onset frailty (12.7%). The early-onset frailty group were already pre-frail at the age of 65 years, and their frailty score gradually progressed to frail status. Compared with the robust group, the early-onset group showed a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases, bone and joint diseases, poor nutrition, sarcopenia, hospitalization, low cognitive function, and smoking at the end of follow-up. Associated factors in the middle-onset group largely overlapped with those of the early-onset group. The late-onset frailty group tended to have a higher association with heart disease and bone and joint diseases compared with the robust group. Proposed effective population-based frailty prevention strategies in each age group may contribute to effective strategies to extend healthy life expectancy.
Dating human dispersal in Remote Oceania: a Bayesian view from Hawai’i

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Settlement date estimates for Hawai'i and New Zealand are derived using Bayesian calibration of radiocarbon dates on paleoenvironmental and archaeological samples to demonstrate that the Bayesian framework provides the tools needed to resolve the order of settlement events in Remote Oceania, as well as the time elapsed between them. It predicts that archaeologists will successfully refine the dating of human dispersal elsewhere in Remote Oceania when they work collaboratively to build chronological models within a Bayesian framework.
LHD ICHPXI #83448.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Formaldehyde Risks in the Workplace

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Fact sheet on formaldehyde risks in the workplace produced by the Women’s Occupational Health Resource Center (WOHRC). The WOHRC (1979-1987) was a research and training program devoted to identifying and better understanding hazards faced by women workers. WOHRC was housed in Columbia’s School of Public Health and directed by Professor Jeanne Mager Stellman. WOHRC was a designated OSHA New Directions Training program, and also received support from other federal and private agencies. As a New Directions project, WOHRC trained thousands of workers and professionals in hazard recognition and accident and illness prevention for women workers. In order to carry out its public health programs, WOHRC developed and disseminated original educational materials. The materials were designed to be authoritative while at the same time accessible to non-professional users (e.g. the workers). WOHRC published a monthly newsletter that contained a “fact sheet” focusing on a particular job or a particular hazard. The fact sheets were also made available individually or collected into “fact packs” of related materials.
Investigating the Implementation of Charitable Choice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper reports on a project to investigate the implementation of charitable choice in TANF-funded job services in Indiana, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. A number of issues needed to be addressed in the course of the research project. State-level government responses to charitable choice were found to vary widely, making comparisons across states difficult. In Indiana, job training providers and clients were also interviewed. For providers, a major research issue was the assessment of the degree to which they were faith-based and the impact of this. To measure the impact of provider faith orientation on clients, a pre-and post-service study was designed. Providers were to administer the tests, but in many cases failed to do so correctly, thereby limiting the utility of the results. Finally, during the last year of the study, the state changed its funding priorities, thereby altering the provider system. A number of the providers changed their programs or stopped providing services, thereby dropping out of the delivery system. The paper considers the impact of these difficulties on the ability of research to make contributions to the discussion of charitable choice.
Monitoring Acute Compartment Pressures with the S.T.I.C. Catheter

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new solid-state transducer intracompartment (S.T.I.C.) catheter, combining a multiperforated polyethylene tip with a solid-state transducer, was developed to measure intracompartmental pressures. Its performance characteristics were compared with those of a conventional pressure-monitoring system. In animal and human studies, comparison of the S.T.I.C. catheter with a conventional pressure-monitoring system demonstrated satisfactory correspondence over a wide pressure range (0-100 mm Hg) and a prolonged monitoring period (12-16 hours). As well as being functionally superior to the conventional systems (wick, continuous infusion, slit), the S.T.I.C. catheter is easier to assemble, calibrate, maintain, and interpret. The S.T.I.C. is recommended as a diagnostic aid in both acute and chronic compartment syndromes.
Topoguided laser as a reducer of optical aberrations after radial keratotomy and multifocal LIO

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Resumo A cirurgia de catarata com implante de lente intra-ocular é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas no mundo e, atualmente, os pacientes que se submetem a essa cirurgia podem utilizar o implante com lente intraocular (LIO) multifocal como alternativa ao uso de óculos. Um grande desafio para o cirurgião são os pacientes já submetidos previamente a ceratotomia radial (RK), pois além de terem um cálculo biométrico mais desafiador, apresentam importantes aberrações ópticas corneanas, sendo uma contra-indicação para o uso de lentes multifocais para a maioria dos oftalmologistas. Neste artigo, relatamos o caso de uma paciente que foi submetida, na juventude, a uma RK e passou a referir importante incômodo visual após a correção de catarata com facectomia e implante de LIO multifocal. Esta paciente foi submetida a uma ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) para diminuir as irregularidades da córnea com boa evolução clínica e resultado visual satisfatório. Esse caso chama a atenção para a alternativa do excimer laser topoguiado em casos semelhantes e alerta para o risco do uso desse tipo de lente em córneas irregulares.
Biobanking strategy and sample preprocessing for integrative research in monoclonal gammopathies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Some types of monoclonal gammopathies are typified by a very limited availability of aberrant cells. Modern research use high throughput technologies and an integrated approach for detailed characterisation of abnormal cells. This strategy requires relatively high amounts of starting material which cannot be obtained from every diagnosis without causing inconvenience to the patient. The aim of this methodological paper is to reflect our long experience with laboratory work and describe the best protocols for sample collection, sorting and further preprocessing in terms of the available number of cells and intended downstream application in monoclonal gammopathies research. Potential pitfalls are also discussed. Methods Comparison and optimisation of freezing and sorting protocols for plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathies, followed by testing of various nucleic acid isolation and amplification techniques to establish a guideline for sample processing in haemato-oncology research. Results We show the average numbers of aberrant cells that can be obtained from various monoclonal gammopathies (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance/light chain amyloidosis/multiple myeloma (MM)/MM circulating plasma cells/ minimal residual disease MM—10 123/22 846/305 501/68 641/4000 aberrant plasma cells of 48/30/10/16/37×10 6 bone marrow mononuclear cells) and the expected yield of nucleic acids provided from multiple isolation kits (DNA/RNA yield from 1 to 200×10 3 cells was 2.14–427/0.12–123 ng). Conclusions Tested kits for parallel isolation deliver outputs comparable with kits specialised for just one type of molecule. We also present our positive experience with the whole genome amplification method, which can serve as a very powerful tool to gain complex information from a very small cell population.
Physiology of rat-liver polysomes. The stability of messenger ribonucleic acid and ribosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Starvation of rats for several days led to marked decrease in cytoplasmic polysomes and accumulation of breakdown products having S values less than 200s. Re-feeding of the starved animals induced a rapid reassembly of polysomes. These newly formed polysomes, in the presence of actinomycin D, decayed in a biphasic fashion: about two-thirds decayed with an apparent half-life of 3-3(1/2)hr. but the other one-third were much more stable. Evidence that polysome decay is an accurate reflexion of messenger RNA stability is presented, and it is concluded that in the presence of large doses of actinomycin D, rat-liver cytoplasm contains messenger RNA classes of widely varying stability, the more stable class having a half-life of at least 80hr. The half-life of liver ribosomes was also determined and was found to be 110-127hr.
Positioning research and new knowledge systems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tDebates into the positioning of research and aligning them with new knowledge systems has received mixed reactions. Many argue that research needs to follow discrete silos of disciplinary knowledge where knowledge needs to remain within a particular and defined construct. However, in the global world that we now embrace, there is a burgeoning of new knowledge systems that have disrupted &lsquo;traditional&rsquo; processes of carrying out research and foregrounded the encompassing of new knowledge systems that follow research pathways and methodologies that are all encompassing of the multifaceted educational and social systems that embrace specific postcolonial and indigenous societies. Much of this corollary has stemmed from historical and political factors that have seen the rise of some disciplines of knowledge and the non-awareness&rsquo;s and non-recognition of others. This paper articulates from an auto-ethnographic perspective the discussion surrounding the positioning of research, new knowledge systems and interdisciplinary learning in the areas of International and Aboriginal students. Focusing on postcolonial theory and Aboriginal approaches to research, the author foregrounds the tensions of historiography, hybridity, subjectivities, collaborative sharing and voice through what she terms a &lsquo;strands of knowledge&rsquo; approach in these two areas. In the process, the author conceptualises two definitions. These are: intra-paradigm shifts and the irreducibility of the ethics of research and discusses how they are integral concepts when researching in or around particular cultural communities and groups.\n\t\t\t\t
Pathways analysis: combining microarray data and physiological data to study myogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microarray experiments investigate the changes in the expression of the transcriptome of a tissue during biological processes such as development of the tissue. Analysis usually produces a list of up and down regulated genes. While this in itself mayhighlight important biological processes taking place much information about relations between the genes may remain hidden in the huge amount of data. Databases can be searched via the internet might contain physiological information that can be invaluable for the understanding of the microarray results. However, the databases contain more information on humans and model animals such as mice and rats than other species. Therefore, we developed a set of PERL scripts enabling the automated search of the database for pathways using the list of expressed genes present on the microarray. A previously reported microarray experiment investigating prenatal myogenesis in pigs was used to search the KEGG database. Pathways returned by the KEGG database indicatedthat the gene expression patterns in several pathways suggest a single regulatory mechanism. Furthermore, pathways may be active in a specific myogenesis process such as proliferation of myoblasts or differentiation indicated by up regulated expressionof most genes in that pathway. The results also indicate that pathways act together forming networks of pathways. This may give insight in higher level regulatory mechanisms taking place in the cell. We conclude that combining microarray and physiological data such as biochemical pathways in databases accessible via the internet is an important tool for gaining biological knowledge from microarray experiments.