jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploitation of 2n pollen to create genetic variation in the genus Begonia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One specific field to create genetic variation in plant breeding is focussed on polyploidization of plants. The term ploidy refers to the number of basic chromosome sets present in a specific plant genus. Up till now, the ploidy level is mainly doubled by using cell cycle disruptors as colchicin, oryzalin and trifluralin; better known as mitotic polyploidization. This might result in plants with larger flowers, thicker leaves, changes in growth vigour, higher vegetative yields, more compact plants, higher stress tolerance, ... it can also be used to restore the fertility in hybrids obtained from parent plants with differences in ploidy level.\nMeiotic polyploidization refers to the raise in ploidy level by using 2n gametes (also known as diplogametes or unreduced gametes). The use of 2n gametes is less exploited within plant breeding. Compared to mitotic polyploidzation, meiotic polyploidzation would result in a larger genetic variation within the progeny. In this work, the potential use of 2n gametes within ornamental breeding was investigated by using Begonia as a model plant. In particular 2n pollen were evaluated, since they are easier to isolate than egg cells.
Exploring the Transformative Potential and Generative AI's Multifaceted Impact on Diverse Sectors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the digital landscape, where innovation knows no bounds, generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) emerges as a true virtuoso, orchestrating a seamless symphony of creative wonders. Artificial intelligence that can generate fresh and plausible images, texts, and motion graphics rapidly is called Generative AI. It possesses the remarkable ability to effortlessly transform prompts into a rich tapestry of visual art, evocative prose, dynamic videos, and an array of captivating media. This chapter embarks on an exploratory journey, delving deep into the profound influence that Generative AI wields across a diverse spectrum of industries. Through an immersive exploration of these remarkable used cases, this chapter offers a glimpse into the boundless potential and the promises that Generative AI holds, positioning itself as a versatile catalyst for progress within the expansive industrial landscape.
Chlorination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in potable water

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present study examined the effects of chlorine (NaOCl) disinfection on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in potable water. The adhesion of the bacteria on glass surfaces and the growth of the adherent cells were measured after treatment with chlorine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/L). Adhesion was assessed by optical microscopy, and cultivability of the adherent cells was estimated by counting the bacteria on solid medium after being recovered from the support surface. Regardless of the concentration applied, P. aeruginosa did not lose the ability to adhere or grow after adhesion. However, the two factors were influenced by the chlorine treatments. The results showed that the adhesive capacity and cultivability of adherent cells were linked. The maximum inhibition of adherence and cultivability was observed in the 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L treatments. At 0.75 and 1 mg/L, the adhesive capability and post-adhesive cultivability were slightly increased. The results suggest that residual concentrations of sodium hypochlorite fixed by standards (less than 1 mg/L) may be ineffective against P. aeruginosa, and thus could have an impact on consumers.
[Guidelines for prescribing and monitoring biologic therapies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Pediatric RheumatologyWorking Group of the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology recommends the use of biological treatments in children with polyarticular course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) with active disease (5 or more active joints) refractory to subcutaneous or intramuscular methotrexate (MTX) 15 mg/m(2)/week during 3 to 6 months. If toxicity occurs, or if there is contraindication for the use of MTX in this optimum dose, biological treatment can be started, as a first option, or the use of other conventional Disease ModifyingAnti Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) either alone or in combination with MTX might be considered. Prior to starting treatment, children should be screened for latent tuberculosis through clinical evaluation, chest X ray and PPD skin test. The suspension of the biological treatment should be considered if the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) definition of improvement in JIA is not fulfilled in two consecutive visits 3 months apart. Etanercept is the only biological agent currently approved for JIA in Portugal. In refractory cases the use of infliximab is accepted, in accordance with preliminary published evidence. In case of systemic manifestations of JIA refractory to conventional treatment, anakinra can be considered.
Abstract 3648: Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women is Associated With Increased Epicardial, but Not Subcutaneous Fat Thickness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue, such as epicardial fat, is metabolically active, and may portend increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to subcutaneous fat. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately delineate fat, but data are sparse regarding the relationship of epicardial and subcutaneous fat burden to CVD in community-living adult women. METHODS: 957 women (aged 64± 8 years) in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, followed by serial examinations since 1974, underwent CMR on a 1.5-T Philips system using an ECG-gated cine SSFP sequence. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) over the midlevel right ventricle was measured from a 4-chamber view. Suprasternal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) was measured at the main pulmonary artery level. We compared EFT and SFT between women with clinical CVD, documented by a physician endpoint committee (+CVD), vs. those without (noCVD) based on Cycle 7 (1998 –2002) clinical data. Differences were assessed by two-sample T-test; ANOVA was used to adjust for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status. RESULTS: The +CVD group comprised 74 (8%) women who were older and more likely to be postmenopausal, diabetic and hypertensive than noCVD women (Table ). EFT was greater in +CVD (10.5 ± 5.1mm) vs. noCVD (8.6 ± 5.2mm) groups, p<0.003. This difference remained significant after adjusting for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status (Table ). No difference in SFT or body mass index was observed between groups (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Women with history of clinical CVD have greater EFT than women without CVD, and this difference persists after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. However, subcutaneous fat, as assessed by chest wall adiposity, did not differ between groups. EFT may be a useful marker for cardiovascular risk, and prospective investigation of the relationship between EFT and future risk for CVD is warranted.
Pengaruh media pembelajaran sejarah film Guru Bangsa Tjokroaminoto terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X MIPA A2 SMA Negeri 3 Malang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to evaluate the influence of the use of historical movies as a learning medium on students' critical thinking abilities. The historical movie used in this study is Guru Bangsa Tjokroaminoto. This research is a pre-experimental quantitative study with one-group pretest-posttest design. The samples in this study were 30 students of X MIPA A2 3rd Senior High School Malang. Wilcoxon test results showed improvements and differences in students' critical thinking ability. Students' critical thinking ability increased by 26% with an average of 67.33 to 90,67. It can be concluded that use of the Guru Bangsa Tjokroaminoto movie as a learning medium has an influence on improving students' critical thinking skill. Artikel ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan adanya pengaruh penggunaan film sejarah sebagai media pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Film sejarah yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu film Guru bangsa Tjokroaminoto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif pra-eksperimen dengan desain one-group pretest-post-test design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 30 siswa kelas X MIPA A2 SMA Negeri 3 Malang. Dari hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dan perbedaan hasil kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sebesar 26% dengan rata-rata dari 67,33 menjadi 90,67. Dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan film Guru bangsa Tjokroaminoto sebagai media pembelajaran memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Landwirtschaft und Agrarpolitik in Deutschland und Frankreich auf der Suche nach neuen Wegen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seeking new ways in agriculture and agricultural policy in Germany and France. The concept of integrated rural development also represents a suitable approach for solving rural development problems in Europe. There are several reasons supporting the concept of rural development: changing framework conditions require new solutions and policies; rural areas need region-specific-development concepts; complex decision making requires cooperation between different actors and levels; sector-specific support remains part of region-specific development concepts; integrated rural development is time-consuming and requires intensive communication. A future-oriented sustainable policy for rural areas has to consider all functions of agriculture in a society, and this perspective can only be achieved with an integrated development approach.
High‐risk Stage III colon cancer patients identified by a novel five‐gene mutational signature are characterized by upregulation of IL‐23A and gut bacterial translocation of the tumor microenvironment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The heterogeneities of colorectal cancer (CRC) lead to staging inadequately of patients’ prognosis. Here, we performed a prognostic analysis based on the tumor mutational profile and explored the characteristics of the high‐risk tumors. We sequenced 338 colorectal carcinomas as the training dataset, constructed a novel five‐gene ( SMAD4 , MUC16 , COL6A3 , FLG and LRP1B ) prognostic signature, and validated it in an independent dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses confirmed that the five‐gene signature is an independent predictor of recurrence and prognosis in patients with Stage III colon cancer. The mutant signature translated to an increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.15–5.22, p = 0.016 in our dataset; hazard ratio = 4.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.33–17.16, p = 0.008 in TCGA dataset). RNA and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing of high‐risk tumors indicated that mutations of the five‐gene signature may lead to intestinal barrier integrity, translocation of gut bacteria and deregulation of immune response and extracellular related genes. The high‐risk tumors overexpressed IL23A and IL1RN genes and enriched with cancer‐related bacteria ( Bacteroides fragilis , Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas, Alloprevotella and Gemella ) compared to the low‐risk tumors. The signature identified the high‐risk group characterized by gut bacterial translocation and upregulation of interleukins of the tumor microenvironment, which was worth further researching.
National Physicians and Professional Prestige

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter traces the development of Puerto Rican physicians' professional authority relative to the U.S. colonial administration. Through the development of a unique medical association in 1902, the Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico (AMPR), and subsequent incorporation of AMPR in the American Medical Association (AMA), Puerto Rican physicians hoped to gain influence within the colonial administration and generalize their construction of Puerto Ricans' broader interests. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of professional status, physicians' relationship to the rural countryside and Puerto Rican medicine under the Spanish colonial administration. The author's analysis of the hookworm campaign reveals how the idea of penetrating the tropics became critical to developing professional prestige at both domestic and international levels. In the United States, developing professional status involved gaining legitimacy and cultural authority by acquiring a monopoly over a market of clients and achieving control over a jurisdiction.Keywords: Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico (AMPR); hookworm campaign; professional prestige; Puerto Rican physicians; Spanish colonial administration
A Comparison of Alternative Distributed Dynamic Cluster Formation Techniques for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate alternative distributed clustering techniques for wireless sensor node tracking in an industrial environment. The research builds on extant work on wireless sensor node clustering by reporting on: (1) the development of a novel distributed management approach for tracking mobile nodes in an industrial wireless sensor network; and (2) an objective comparison of alternative cluster management approaches for wireless sensor networks. To perform this comparison, we focus on two main clustering approaches proposed in the literature: pre-defined clusters and ad hoc clusters. These approaches are compared in the context of their reconfigurability: more specifically, we investigate the trade-off between the cost and the effectiveness of competing strategies aimed at adapting to changes in the sensing environment. To support this work, we introduce three new metrics: a cost/efficiency measure, a performance measure, and a resource consumption measure. The results of our experiments show that ad hoc clusters adapt more readily to changes in the sensing environment, but this higher level of adaptability is at the cost of overall efficiency.
Association and clinical implication of the USP10 and MSH2 proteins in non‑small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10) is involved in a number of biological processes by stabilizing several proteins, which have been implicated in multiple stages of tumorigenesis and progression. Previous studies have indicated that USP10 stabilizes and deubiquitinates MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) in in vitro and in vivo models. The level of MSH2 protein has been positively correlated with that of the USP10 protein in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, depletion of USP10 in lung cancer cells causes decreased apoptosis and increased cell survival upon treatment with DNA-damaging agents. However, the expression and clinical implication of USP10 protein in lung cancer tissues is not clear. Additionally, whether the level of MSH2 protein is positively correlated with that of the USP10 protein in lung cancer tissues also remains unresolved. Therefore, USP10 protein expression was detected in 148 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 139 non-cancerous lung tissues using immunohistochemistry, whereas mRNA was investigated by Gene Expression Omnibus dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas database analyses. It was identified that USP10 protein expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with in normal lung tissues (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in USP10 mRNA expression between the two tissues was identified. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the USP10 and MSH2 proteins in NSCLC tissues (P<0.05). However, the clinicopathological features and survival analysis indicated that the USP10 and MSH2 proteins were not associated with clinical features, including age, sex, tumor size, Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage and tumor cell differentiation, along with the prognosis of NSCLC. Collectively, these results suggest that downregulation of USP10 protein serves an important function in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, and the level of USP10 protein is positively correlated with that of MSH2 protein in NSCLC tissues, which may indicate that USP10 also stabilizes the MSH2 protein in patients with lung cancer.
Reciprocity and orthogonality

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $p$ be a prime and let $K$ be a finite extension of the field ${\bf Q}_p$ of $p$-adic numbers such that the group ${}_pK^\times$ has order $p$. The ${\bf F}_p$-space $K^\times\!/K^{\times p}$ carries a natural filtration coming from the valuation on $K$, and a natural bilinear pairing coming from the reciprocity isomorphism for the exponent~$p$. We determine the orthogonal filtration for this pairing. We also prove the analogous result for $p$-fields of characteristic $p$.
Genome-wide array CGH analysis of murine neuroblastoma reveals distinct genomic aberrations which parallel those in human tumors.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neuroblastoma, the third most common tumor of childhood, is a complex disease in which few genetic mutations have been identified.Mice expressing a human MYCN oncogene driven by the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (TH-MYCN) represent an animal model for this disorder. We performed microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis on murine tumors, identifying gains on chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 14, 17, and 18 and losses on chromosomes 5, 9, and 16. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed an amplicon on chromosome 18 as the site of TH-MYCN transgene integration. Selected tumors with localized gains of chromosome 11 delineate a 15-Mb region orthologous to human chromosome 17q and help to narrow the minimal region gained in human tumors. We observed clustered loss of chromosomes 5, 9, and 16, orthologous to a similar pattern of combined loss of chromosomes 3p, 4p, and 11q in human tumors. These data demonstrate conservation of many genetic changes in murine and human neuroblastoma and suggest that further delineation of genetic abnormalities in murine tumors may identify genes important in human disease.
Connective Tissue Disorders: One of The Main Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Hypotonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that has been associated with mutations involving the TGFBR1/2, SMAD2/3, and TGFB2/3 genes.It is characterized by aneurysms, arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism and bifid uvula.We present the case of a full-term infant born with significant hypotonia and congenital anomalies who was eventually diagnosed with LDS.Physical findings were significant for decreased muscle tone, redundant skin on nape of the neck, small chin, widely spaced nipples, and bilateral club feet.Due to the multiple anomalies noted above, genetics consultation was obtained.A chromosomal analysis with reflex to SNP microarray analysis was performed, showing a normal female 46,XX.Given the complex nature of the patient's presentation and normal initial genetics studies, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was ordered, revealing a heterozygous -likely De Novo, pathogenic variant in the TGFBFR1 gene (p.Glu239del), consistent with autosomal dominant LDS.Upon literature review, different cases of LDS associated with congenital hypotonia have been described.Nevertheless, medical attention was often sought for other clinical indications such as musculoskeletal and cardiac abnormalities, with some cases mislabeled as Larsen or Beals syndrome.We propose that connective tissue disorders should be included in the main differential diagnosis of congenital hypotonia.
Planning for the mobile library: a strategy for managing innovation and transformation at the University of Glasgow Library

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Modern mobile devices have powerful features that are transforming access to information. Lippincott argues that as mobile devices such as smartphones become ‘key information devices’ for our users, libraries will want to have a significant presence in offering content and services that are suitable for this medium. This article outlines the process of development and implementation of a mobile strategy at the University of Glasgow Library. What began as an investigation into a mobile interface to the library catalogue evolved into a comprehensive strategic review of how we deliver services now and in the future in this rapidly changing mobile environment.
Improving the Robustness of Surgical Instrument Segmentation Models via GAN-Based Data Augmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In robotics-assisted surgery, accurate segmentation of surgical instruments from background pixels is crucial for the success of various downstream tasks. Currently, popular segmentation models such as the U-Net exhibit excellent performance under major surgical conditions. However, when benchmarking the segmentation models under unforeseen surgical complications such as overbleeding, concerns toward their robustness remain. In fact, due to the lack of training datasets for the surgical segmentation models under complications, these models often exhibit degraded performances and thus result in failures for conducting accurate segmentations at the pixel level. In this paper, we leverage the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), specifically through generating realistic images that simulate the condition of overbleeding to enlarge the training datasets a process known as data augmentation. With more diverse training data from different scenarios, segmentation models can be trained better and reduce the risk of errors. In addition, a dataset consisting of 17 mock endoscopic video sequences with binary masks indicating ground truths was used for training/testing. With the dataset, a U-Net architecture is used to examine performance through metrics such as the Normalized Surface Distance (NSD) and Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). As a result, integrations with GAN-based data augmentation allow segmentation models performances to improve 9.07% for NSD and 6.63% for DSC. From the results, our GAN-based augmentation is proven to be effective, providing a novel direction for improving models robustness during the training procedure, paving the way for future exploration and clinical translation of the cutting-edge deep learning models into real robotics surgery.
Relationship between Average Genetic Heterozygosities of Plasma Protein(Enzyme) Locus and Heterosis of Traits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eleven plasma protein polymorphisms in 140 pigs were examined by using the method of polyacymide gel electrophoresis,and the average gene heter zygosities of several economic traits(H) of them were determined.What's more,based on this, the correlation between average genetic heterozygosities and heterosis of parts of their econmic traits were calculated.The results show that average genetic heterozygosities are positively relative or extremely significantly positive to the average daily gain and heteroses of ham percetage,dressing percentage, while negtive relative to loin eye area.
Language and Literature Education in Azerbaijan and Turkey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Turkish world geography is a vast geography. In its broadest sense, it expands from Balkans in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east; from the Arctic Ocean in the North to Tibet in the South. The subject of our study is Azerbaijan which is one of the independent states in this geography. In the study, similarities and differences of Turkish and Azerbaijan education system, language-literature education, curriculum, course books were analysed. Azerbaijan was chosen for the study since it is akin to Turkey in the sense of language and geography and it also takes the head in Turkish world in education and culture. In the collection of data, document review method was used and in the light of information acquired, positive aspects of both countries were used.