jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sodium borohydride reduction of conjugated aldehydes and ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium borohydride reduction of conjugated aldehydes and ketonesM. Ross Johnson and Bruce RickbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 4, 1041–1045Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00829a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8523Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (555 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
17. Privity and third party rights

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes privity of contract, explaining the development of the doctrine and the problems associated with its application. The scope and usage of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 is discussed. The tensions inherently created by the possible freedom of the contracting parties to vary or cancel a third party’s right under an agreement are highlighted. Circumventions of, and exceptions to, the doctrine are also addressed including limitations on the doctrine which may be brought about by an assignment of contractual rights and the doctrine of agency. Finally, the issues surrounding privity and the doctrine of consideration are noted.
Comparative Analysis of Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithms in Stroke Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular, is a type of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD). The symptoms of this disease arise due to a blockage (ischemic) or rupture (hemorrhagic) of a blood vessel that disrupts blood flow to the brain. This condition causes a lack of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells, resulting in damage and potentially death. This research aims to compare the use of Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms in classifying stroke diseases. The research process involves data collection, data validation, data preprocessing, data reading, data transformation, data splitting, model implementation, classification evaluation, application of Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms, and comparative analysis of results. The variables used in this study include: gender, age, hypertension, heart disease, ever married, work type, residence type, avg glucose level, bmi, smoking status, stroke. Sugar, BMI, Smoking Status, Stroke. Based on the experiments conducted, it was found that the Naive Bayes algorithm achieved an average accuracy rate of 91.67%, while the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm achieved an average accuracy rate of 95.59%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm has a higher average accuracy rate than the Naive Bayes algorithm, with a percentage difference in accuracy of 3.92%.
Effectiveness of a Serogroup B and C Meningococcal Vaccine Developed in Cuba.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION Serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines have been effective against vaccine-type strains, but their effectiveness against heterologous strains has been controversial. The Cuban VA-MENGOC-BC vaccine is of this type, but also includes meningococcus C capsular polysaccharide. OBJECTIVES Assess the effectiveness of VA-MENGOC-BC in reducing meningococcal disease caused by homologous or heterologous serogroup B strains and its serological effectiveness against meningococcus C. METHODS A review of studies of VA-MENGOC-BC's application in Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia was carried out to examine the vaccine's effectiveness in reducing meningococcal disease during serogroup B outbreaks. Serological effectiveness against serogroup C determined in these studies (indicated by bactericidal antibody titers before and after vaccination) was also analyzed. RESULTS VA-MENGOC-BC's effectiveness against homologous serogroup B strains has consistently been greater than 80% in all age groups. Effectiveness in heterologous contexts was also above 80% in individuals aged >4 years. Lower effectiveness in heterologous contexts was found in Brazilian children aged <2 years, although still >50%. Effectiveness increased when assessed based on mortality rates, as well as in cases of clinically severe meningococcal disease. The carrier-state pattern was modified after vaccination with reduction of hypervirulent lineages. Some 60% of infants (aged <1 year) attained protective bactericidal antibody titers against serogroup C. Higher protection rates were achieved in older children. CONCLUSIONS In addition to prevention of meningococcal disease caused by homologous serogroup B strains, VA-MENGOC-BC should be considered for heterologous contexts. It is protective against serogroup C in all age groups. KEYWORDS Neisseria meningitidis, meningococcal disease, meningococcal vaccines, serogroup B meningococcus, serogroup C meningococcus, immunogenicity, bacterial outer membrane proteins, heterologous effects of vaccines, acellular vaccines, Cuba.
Active backstepping control of combined projective synchronization among different nonlinear systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, the authors have studied combination projective synchronization using active backstepping method. The main contribution of this effort is realization of the projective synchronization between two drive systems and one response system. We relax some limitations of previous work, where only combination complete synchronization has been investigated. According to Lyapunov stability theory and active backstepping design method, the corresponding controllers are designed to observe combination projective synchronization among three different classical chaotic systems, i.e. the Lorenz system, Rossler system and Chen system. The numerical simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. Combination projective synchronization has stronger anti-attack ability and antitranslated ability than the normal projective synchronization scheme realized by one drive and one response system in secure communication.
Influence of thyroid status on hepatic α1-adrenoreceptor responsiveness

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The present work aimed to elucidate the influence of thyroid functional status on the α 1 -adrenoreceptor-induced activation of hepatic metabolic functions. The experiments were performed in either a nonrecirculating liver perfusion system featuring continuous monitoring of portal pressure,[Formula: see text], pCa, and pH, or isolated hepatocytes from euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism decreased the α 1 -adrenergic stimulation of respiration, glycogen breakdown, and gluconeogenesis. These effects were accompanied by a decreased intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization corroborating that those processes are regulated by the Ca 2+ -dependent branch of the α 1 -adrenoreceptor signaling pathway. Moreover, in hyperthyroid rats the α 1 -adrenergic-induced increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ was enhanced, and glucose synthesis or mobilization was not altered. The thyroid status influenced neither the α 1 -adrenergic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction nor the α 1 -agonist-induced intracellular alkalinization and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Thus the distinct impairment of the Ca 2+ -dependent branch of the α 1 -adrenoreceptor signaling pathway by thyroid status provides a useful tool to investigate the role played by each signaling pathway, Ca 2+ or PKC, in controlling hepatic functions.
Legislative Actions and Operational Reforms toward a Smuggling-free Agriculture Industry in the Philippines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has been generally argued that smuggling results in a negative net effect to the society. Smuggling reduces the revenue that the government can generate. Entry of cheaperpriced smuggled goods reduces the competitive advantage of local producers; hence, the capacity of the domestic economy to generate more employment is adversely affected. The more alarming consequence of smuggling is the threat to domestic industries in terms of risk of exposure to pests and diseases as well as endangering the safety of consumers. Further, it was estimated that the value of smuggling was about USD10 billion (Palatino 2008). Therefore, it is crucial to examine the nature, extent, and implications of these illegal international trade transactions.
Clinical approbation of biologically active supplement in patients with vegetovascular dystonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. To study the possibility of using and estimate the efficiency of a new tablet form of biologically active supplement in patients with vegetovascular dystonia syndrome. Materials and methods. One hundred patients with vegetovascular dystonia syndrome, including 50 patients of the main group and 50 patients of the control group were examined. There is presented the composition of prescription formula of biologically active supplement, based on participation of its components in the correction of disturbed metabolic processes of the nervous system. Results. Additional application of biologically active supplement in combination with drug significantly improves cerebral blood flow, decreases blood viscosity and risk of cellular membrane impairment, normalizes arterial pressure, elevates initiative and attention, reduces headache in patients of the main group with vegetovascular dystonia syndrome. Conclusions. Use of biologically active supplement has a positive effect in complex therapy of patients with vegetovascular dystonia syndrome.
Direct prejudgement of hot images with detected diffraction rings in high power laser system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A direct prejudgement strategy that takes the diffraction ring as the analysis target is put forward to predict hot images induced by defects of tens of microns in the main amplifier section of high power laser systems. Analysis of hot-image formation process shows that the hot image can be precisely calculated with the extracted intensity oscillation of the diffraction ring on the front surface of the nonlinear plate. The gradient direction matching (GDM) method is adopted to detect diffraction rings. Recognition of simulated diffraction rings shows that it is feasible to directly prejudge hot images induced by those closely spaced defects and the defects that are far apart from each other. Image compression and cluster analysis are utilized to optimize the performance of the GDM method in recognizing actually collected diffraction images. Results show that hot images induced by defects of tens of microns can be directly prejudged without redundant information.
Problems of Decision-Making in Implementation of Technological Innovations in Transport Industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article considers the features of transport as an object of technological innovation, due, on the one hand, to the service nature of the main activity and the specifics of innovative processes during provision of transport and logistics services, and, on the other hand, to the high capital intensity and technological complexity of the infrastructure transport complex, which is the focus point of technological innovation. The objective of the article is to substantiate the initial prerequisites for developing an alternative approach to making strategic decisions on development of transport organisations based on technological innovations, which, besides the traditional justification of economic efficiency, considers several non-economic factors. The method of substantiation is a systemic strategic analysis, which allows to study the features of the transport complex in the context of the factors of external environment and their dynamics. Regarding the Russian Federation, the scale of the national territory, natural and climatic diversity and uneven territorial distribution of the resource and production base determine the special role and place of transport in the national economy, which quite often leads to the need to make decisions on development of the transport complex based on predominantly non-economic factors (such as security, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc.) and on scientific, technical, political and socio-economic forecasts. At the same time, private enterprises (with or without participation of the state) dominate currently almost all transport sectors where they operate on the principles of profitability, investment attractiveness and competitiveness, which leads to inconsistency of internal decision-making criteria in the field of technological strategies. The ongoing change in the technological paradigm is an additional and significant factor determining trends in transport developments. It is based on the processes of digitalisation and digital transformation of the transport and logistics business. The problems of decision-making in implementation of technological innovations in transport industry, arising from its peculiarities, necessitate a revision of approaches since economic assessments of efficiency are not always able to reflect the real needs and feasibility of choosing mainstream trends in technological development of the transport system. The analysis of the features of the transport and logistics industry based on universal experience and cases in Russian practices in the context of formation of a new technological paradigm makes it possible to substantiate the methodology for making strategic decisions on implementation of technological innovations.
Points from Letters: New Code for Drugs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

feather-bedded " with tax allowances and incentives the struggles of the G.P.s to improve their existing surgeries or build new ones with discouragement at every turn is one of the iniquities of the present day.Now that we are no longer members of a "fee-raising " profession, if our masters call the tune they must pay the piper in full.
Supplemental Material - Objective and Subjective Stress among Grandparents Providing Assistive Regular Grandchild Care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental Material for Objective and Subjective Stress among Grandparents Providing Assistive Regular Grandchild Care: The Moderated Role of Social Support by Wafaa Sowan-Basheer, Tal Kochli-Hailovski, and Miri Cohen in Journal of Applied Gerontology
THE PREPARATION OF VARIOUS TEAR-CONTAINING CREAMS AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In our research, the antibacterial properties of tear which protect our eyes from many infections have been investigated by using Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. In addition, the antibacterial effect of creams in different formulations containing vaseline, also known as petroleum jelly, prepared by mixing olive oil and lemon juice which have been known and used throughout history with tears have been investigated. The antibacterial effect has been investigated measuring the zone of inhibition diameters, also known as the Kirby-Bauer method. It has been determined that all samples showed antibacterial effects except Staphylococcus epidermidis to which only tear was applied. The highest antibacterial activity with tear containing cream (vaseline and olive oil) has been observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. In addition, tear containing cream (vaseline, olive oil and lemon juice) has shown the highest antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus bacteria.
When autism strikes (an exegesis)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The structure of this thesis is twofold: a creative work and exegesis. The creative work is a book entitled When Autism Strikes, and documents my family's journey into the world of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the actions taken to reduce the disabling features of my son's diagnosis. The text is supplemented with commentary sections, presenting information gathered from my professional and personal experiences.\nThe creative work uses the writing genre known as Creative Nonfiction and shares scenes over the course of one year in the characters’ lives. Character development and first person dialogue create an emotive narrative to link together clinical disciplines not usually integrated in published work. Relevant in-text links to academic literature and references are cited at the end of each of the three parts, so that readers are supported to learn more about significant publications. Key features of Autism Spectrum Disorder that underpin the clinical diagnostic terms are incorporated into the story to demonstrate the complexity and broadness of the condition.\nWhilst the creative work has implicit discussion points and messages, the exegesis explicitly explores and reviews the issues highlighted in the creative work. The methodology underpinning this research is Practice-based research, and sourced data according to the four perspectives I bring to the project, that of: therapist, researcher, parent and teacher. The evolution of the research design is discussed in the exegesis and how data were presented to produce the creative work. When Autism Strikes communicates information in a new way, thereby creating a novel contribution to the academic community, and pending future publication, the broader audience for whom it is written.
Bob Kaufman and the (In)visible Double

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Jail Poems," from Bob Kaufman's first book, Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness, ends with the postscript, "Written in San Francisco City Prison Cell 3, 1959" (61), and while the poems emote the horrible alienation of imprisonment--"I sit here writing not daring to stop, / for fear of seeing what's outside my head" (60)--the tone of these poems expresses cultural isolation, as well. Moreover, Barbara Christian, in perhaps the earliest critical assessment of Kaufman's work, indicates that the loneliness present in Kaufman's poems is "not just the loneliness that might come from solitude, but an even more devastating psychic loneliness that can come only from knowing so few people who share his perceptions" (111). Thus, not only cultural isolation, which Christian describes as "the lack of any expansive Black cultural context" (111), but also artistic alienation haunt much of Kaufman's work. Regarding "Jail Poems," Christian writes that they "protest both America's injustice and succinctly, painfully reveal his own psychic prison" (111).
Benomyl- or Carbendazim-Induced Androgen Receptor Disrupting Might Lead to Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy in Multi-Generations of Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have reported that benomyl and its metabolite carbendazim induced reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity in rats.The exactly underlying mechanism of reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity still remain unclear.This manuscript aimed to review and infer the conclusion based on some research, our unpublished data and previous reports.Androgen receptor plays an important role in benomyl-and carbendazim-induced reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity.The evidences were (1) androgen-and androgen receptor-dependent mechanisms are possibly involved in carbendazim-induced toxicity; (2) Our unpublished data showed that the antiandrogen flutamide can completely recover the reproductive and developmental toxicity including embryolethality induced by in utero exposure to benomyl and carbendazim in rats.Based on the previous reports of relationship between androgen receptor expression and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) or Kennedy's disease, our unpublished data supported this hypothesis by showing carbendazim-induced spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy in Wistar offspring rats.The molecular underlying mechanism of reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine-disrupting activity and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy induced by benomyl and carbendazim through androgen receptor need to be further investigated.
The hidden symbiotic star SU Lyn -- detection of flickering in U band

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report photometric observations of the hidden symbiotic star SU Lyn in the optical bands. In five nights we detect a weak flickering in U band with amplitude of about 0.05 magnitudes. No intranight variations are found in B, V, g' and r' bands. This is one more indication that the secondary component is a white dwarf accreting at low accretion rate. We also searched for intranight variability of a dozen related object (RR Boo, RT Boo, AM Cyg, AG Peg, BF Cyg, NQ Gem, StHa190, V627 Cas, XX Oph, FS Cet and Y Gem) in which no variability above the observational errors is detected.
Induction and Characterization of a NADPH-Dependent Flavone Synthase from Cell Cultures of Soybean

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microsomal preparations from osmotically stressed soybean cells catalyze the conversion of (2S)-naringenin to apigenin in presence of NADPH. In contrast, such preparations from normal soybean cells or from elicitor-challenged cells catalyze the conversion of (2S)-naringenin to genistein (isoflavone synthase). It is concluded that osmotic stress of the cells causes a switch from isoflavone to flavone synthesis. The flavone synthase from osmotically stressed cells corresponds in its properties to the microsomal flavone synthase found in several flowers (G. Stotz and G. Forkmann, Z. Naturforsch. 36c, 737-741 (1981)) and differs from the flavone synthase I from parsley cell cultures which is a soluble Fe 2+ and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase. Flavone synthase II from soybean has an absolute requirement for NADPH and oxygen. It is inhibited by carbon monoxide in presence of oxygen and this inhibition is reversed by light. It is also inhibited by cytochrome c and by a number of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors. This and other properties show that flavone synthase II is a cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase.