jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome P450 2J2 is required for the natural compound austocystin D to elicit cancer cell toxicity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Austocystin D is a natural compound that induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase‐dependent DNA damage and growth inhibition in certain cancer cell lines. Cancer cells exhibiting higher sensitivity to austocystin D often display elevated CYP2J2 expression. However, the essentiality and the role of CYP2J2 for the cytotoxicity of this compound remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that CYP2J2 depletion alleviates austocystin D sensitivity and DNA damage induction, while CYP2J2 overexpression enhances them. Moreover, the investigation into genes involved in austocystin D cytotoxicity identified POR and PGRMC1 , positive regulators for CYP activity, and KAT7 , a histone acetyltransferase. Through genetic manipulation and analysis of multiomics data, we elucidated a role for KAT7 in CYP2J2 transcriptional regulation. These findings strongly suggest that CYP2J2 is crucial for austocystin D metabolism and its subsequent cytotoxic effects. The potential use of austocystin D as a therapeutic prodrug is underscored, particularly in cancers where elevated CYP2J2 expression serves as a biomarker.
The stable moduli space of flat connections over a surface

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We compute the homotopy type of the moduli space of flat, unitary connections over aspherical surfaces, after stabilizing with respect to the rank of the underlying bundle. Over the orientable surface M^g, we show that this space has the homotopy type of the infinite symmetric product of M^g, generalizing a well-known fact for the torus. Over a non-orientable surface, we show that this space is homotopy equivalent to a disjoint union of two tori, whose common dimension corresponds to the rank of the first (co)homology group of the surface. Similar calculations are provided for products of surfaces, and show a close analogy with the Quillen-Lichtenbaum conjectures in algebraic K-theory. The proofs utilize Tyler Lawson's work in deformation K-theory, and rely heavily on Yang-Mills theory and gauge theory.
Porous Organic Polymers Based on Propeller-Like Hexaphenylbenzene Building Units

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hexaphenylbenzene-based porous organic polymers are prepared smoothly through palladium-catalyzed C–C coupling polymerization. According to the obtained nitrogen physisorption isotherms, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area for these polymers varies between 742 and 1148 m2 g–1. Gravimetric hydrogen adsorption isotherms show that the adsorption capacity for hydrogen is up to 1.5 wt % at 1.13 bar and 77 K. Thanks to the propeller-like structure, unique electronic feature, and efficient preparation, hexaphenylbenzene can be taken as a promising building block for designing porous polymers with special properties.
Consumer Co-operatives and Perceptions of Food Safety

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines consumer co-operatives and members' perceptions of food safety. Japan is an ideal place to study given it is undoubtedly the ‘best example of a successful consumer co-operative sector in the postwar period' (Birchall, 2002, p. 79). While some co-operatives have evolved into a considerable political force, not all consumer co-operatives are as large or as politically active. This study qualitatively explores the views of the members of two small, less politically active co-operatives in Tokushima. Of particular relevance are the types of produce being consumed by members, and why (and how) purchasing behaviour has been shaped by food safety concerns, post-Fukushima.
Changes in electrophysiologic properties of the conductive system of the heart in children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia after 2–8 years following radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway is an effective method of treatment in children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. The aim of our study was to evaluate anterograde conduction properties in children before and after radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway and to determine the efficacy and safety of this method. Material and methods. Noninvasive transesophageal electrophysiological examination was performed in 30 patients at the follow-up period (mean duration, 3.24 years) after radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway. Results. The slow pathway function was observed in 13 patients one day after ablation, in 26 patients during the follow-up period, and in 28 patients after administration of atropine sulfate. Atrioventricular node conduction was significantly decreased the following day after ablation and at the follow-up versus the preablation (165.2 [30.2] bmp and 146.3 [28.5] bpm versus 190.9 [31.4] bpm; P<0.001). The atrioventricular node effective refractory period prolonged significantly the following day after ablation and at the follow-up versus the preablation (319.3 [55.3] ms and 351.0 [82.1] ms versus 248.3 [36.6] ms; P<0.001). Effective refractory period of the fast pathway prolonged significantly as compared with the preablation (from 408.0 [60.4] ms to 481.2 [132.9] ms; P=0.005). The prolongation of effective refractory period of the slow pathway was more significant than effective refractory period of the fast pathway at the follow-up (P<0.001). Two late recurrences occurred; one patient had atrial tachycardia. Conclusion. Children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia can be effectively and safety cured by ablative therapy. The end-point during slow pathway ablation should be the abolition of tachycardia with preservation of dual atrioventricular nodal physiology.
[Fixation of nonunion of pediatric middle and distal shaft of the femur with semicircular dynamic locked intramedullary nail].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From Oct. 1994 to Dec. 1996, 15 nonunions of pediatric middle and distal shaft of the femur due to previous osteomyelitis and pathologic fracture and/or failed internal fixation were treated with semicircular dynamic locked intramedullary nail (SDLIN). SDLIN was composed of a lateral and a medial nail, both of them were inserted into the medullary canal 1.5 cm above the epiphyseal line, and the tails were connected together by a bolt. All the 15 cases used iliac bone autograft for the defect. Follow-uped for an average of 16.3 months, all of them were healed in an average of 4.8 months, and excellent and good results were obtained in 86.7%. The results suggest that the SDLIN is effective and convenient for the fixation of the refractory nonunion of pediatric middle and distal shaft of the Femur.
ON THE SURFACE STRUCTURE OF THE SCALES IN NOTOTHENIA CORIICEPS RICHARDSON

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

By means of light microscope and scanning electron microscope, the surface structure of the scale in Notothenia coriiceps Richardson has been studied. Both cycloid and ctenoid scales are found in the same fish body with most part of the body covered by cycloid scales.The characteristics of these two types of scales including their annual rings, scale ridges, scale foci and scale grooves have been described in detail. The scale focus is arranged in a ring form at the posterior part of the scale while scale ridges are located at the anterior and lateral regions of the scales. In the cycloid scales denticalar knobbles are arranged more clo-sely at the middle part of the scale ridge. In comparison, the denticalar knobbles are scattered along the whole length of the scale ridge in ctenoid scale. The annual ring is divided in the cut pattern, the density pattern and tear pattern. It is considered that che tear pattern of annual ring is the genital ring. The first appearance of the genital ring is considered as the symbol of sexual maturity of the fish,
Mobilizing Mass Action through Mobile Devices: Challenges and Opportunities for Science, Policy, and Governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Citizen science and crowdsourcing have become increasingly popular ways of involving citizens in scientific research and for carrying out a variety of micro-tasks. There are many examples of successful citizen science projects and crowdsourcing platforms including the LandMapp project for community-based land tenure mapping; Moabi, which allows citizens to report illegal logging in the Congo jungles, (both of which have been supported by IIASA and WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature)); and Geo-Wiki, a tool for visualization, crowdsourcing and validation of global land cover, developed at IIASA. This talk will provide a brief overview of citizen science and crowdsourcing followed by the main achievements and lessons learned from the LandMap, Moabi, and Geo-Wiki projects. A number of challenges remain such as how to move citizen participation from data collection to environmental stewardship, and how to scale up these efforts to tap into the large citizen networks and initiatives that are currently ongoing, for example, WWF’s Earth hour, which reaches a billion people. We will discuss these and other challenges in light of new opportunities in climate funding and other new sources of private funding, for green businesses, for instance.
Coordinate loss of glucocorticoid responsiveness by intestinal enzymes during postnatal development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Jejunal sucrase is known to display glucocorticoid responsiveness from birth through day 17 but not beyond that age. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this abrupt loss of responsiveness was shared by maltase, lactase, and acid beta-galactosidase. Glucocorticoid concentrations were manipulated by both adrenalectomy (ADX) and by administration of cortisone acetate (CA). Surgery or treatment was performed on each day from 16--22 days of age. Maltase activity was reduced by ADX at day 18 and earlier and was increased by CA at days 16 and 17. There were no effects at later ages. Acid beta-galactosidase was increased by ADX only at day 18 and earlier and was decreased by CA only at day 16. Lactase activity was increased by ADX at all ages up to and including day 20 but was reduced by CA only at days 16 and 17. Thus, we conclude that loss of glucocorticoid responsiveness at a relatively early stage of development is a common feature of both brush-border and lysosomal enzymes of the small intestine.
Mechanistic Pathway on Human α-Glucosidase Maltase-Glucoamylase Unveiled by QM/MM Calculations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The excessive consumption of starch in human diets is associated with highly prevalent chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. α-Glucosidase enzymes contribute to the digestion of starch into glucose and are thus attractive therapeutic targets for diabetes. Given that the active sites of the various families of α-glucosidases have different sizes and structural features, atomistic descriptions of the catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes can support the development of potent and selective new inhibitors. Maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), in particular, has a N-terminal catalytic domain (NtMGAM) that has shown high inhibitor selectivity. We provide here the first theoretical study of the human NtMGAM catalytic domain, employing a hybrid QM/MM approach with the ONIOM method to disclose the full atomistic details of the reactions promoted by this domain. We observed that the catalytic activity follows the classical Koshland double-displacement mechanistic pathway that uses general acid and base catalysts. A covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate was formed and hydrolyzed in the first and second mechanistic steps, respectively, through oxocarbenium ion-like transition state structures. The overall reaction is of dissociative type. Both transition state geometries differ from those known to occur in other glycosidases. The activation free energy for the glycosylation rate-limiting step agrees with the experimental barrier of 15.8 kcal·mol-1. Both individual mechanistic steps of the reaction are exoergonic. These structural results may serve as the basis for the design of transition state analogue inhibitors that specifically target the intestinal NtMGAM catalytic domain, thus delaying the production of glucose in diabetic and obese patients.
Decrease in serum cholesterol with surgical stress.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum cholesterol levels decreased with the stress of operation, before the procedure or after it, or before and after. This decrease was 17.6 per cent in a group of 28 elective surgery patients and 20.4 per cent in nine ruptured intervertebral disc patients who had an operation. A presurgical drop was noted and considered to be related to psychological stress.
The Impact of a Sorghum-Based Ethanol Plant on Local Cotton Acreage: A Spatial Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade, construction of starch-based ethanol plants has expanded rapidly across the United States to meet growing (largely policy-induced) ethanol consumption. On the one hand, locating an ethanol plant in a small rural city potentially benefits a local economy significantly in terms of increased job opportunities and tax revenue. In the Texas High Plains, however, there are growing concerns that the introduction of a new demand source for sorghum as feedstock is likely to affect farmers’ cropping decisions in the area around the ethanol plant. Thus, it is important to quantify how the opening of an ethanol plant causes farmers to alter their planting decisions. This study models the cotton acreage response from 2002 to 2014, using county-level panel data collected from Hockley County, Texas, that currently has a 40 million gallon per year sorghum-based ethanol plant in operation. Spatial econometric models are employed to account for any spatial dependence and other factors are used to control for prices, water availability, and other production decision variables. The spatial tests results show that cotton area planted around Hockley County is highly clustered. But after controlling for spatial autocorrelation and dependence, the model results suggest that the existence of the ethanol plant has no effect on the surrounding cotton acreage.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Global control of cell-cycle transcription by coupled CDK and network oscillators.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A significant fraction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome is transcribed periodically during the cell division cycle, indicating that properly timed gene expression is important for regulating cell-cycle events. Genomic analyses of the localization and expression dynamics of transcription factors suggest that a network of sequentially expressed transcription factors could control the temporal programme of transcription during the cell cycle. However, directed studies interrogating small numbers of genes indicate that their periodic transcription is governed by the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). To determine the extent to which the global cell-cycle transcription programme is controlled by cyclin-CDK complexes, we examined genome-wide transcription dynamics in budding yeast mutant cells that do not express S-phase and mitotic cyclins. Here we show that a significant fraction of periodic genes are aberrantly expressed in the cyclin mutant. Although cells lacking cyclins are blocked at the G1/S border, nearly 70% of periodic genes continued to be expressed periodically and on schedule. Our findings reveal that although CDKs have a function in the regulation of cell-cycle transcription, they are not solely responsible for establishing the global periodic transcription programme. We propose that periodic transcription is an emergent property of a transcription factor network that can function as a cell-cycle oscillator independently of, and in tandem with, the CDK oscillator. PMID: 18463633 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 GM081883-030001 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 GM081883-020001 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 GM081883
An analytical model for variable optical buffer in shared buffer switches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Packet contention is a major issue in optical packet switching networks. Optical buffer is proposed to resolve contention, witch is implemented by fiber delay lines, slow-light substances, or fiber loop. As many previous works focus on fiber-delay-line-based buffer, we focus on fiber-loop-based buffer in this paper which offers variable delay. In slotted optical packet switching networks, several packets may arrive at the switching node with the same delay time requirements. They will contend for the buffer element which offers the same delay time. This phenomena is called buffer conflicts. First of all, we present a theoretical model to calculate the buffer conflicts probability distribution. Then packet loss rate is worked out based on this probability distribution. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the accuracy of our model..
Humanism in Organizations: A Critical Appraisal

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A lthough the appellation human relationist is seldom used today, many contemporary organizational theorists adhere to the tradition established by Elton Mayo1 later popularized by Douglas McGregor.2 Contemporary human relationists are often referred to as organizational humanists, enlightened managers, or industrial democrats. Nevertheless, there remains a definite and pervasive continuity of approach to handling organizational conflict and employee motivation among the founders and their contemporary counterparts.3 At the heart of this tradition is the belief that man is basically good, infinitely malleable, capable of perfectability, and therefore organizational goals and individual interests should be compatible.4 Humanist approaches stress the importance of developing meaningful work routines which afford workers an opportunity for decision making. There is no dearth of techniques developed for increasing workers' participation. While early human relationists opted for more socially skilled supervision and job enlargement, present advocates call for job enrichment.5 Other familiar offspring of this tradition are sensitivity training and encounter groups for increasing interpersonal competence and developing the ability to handle organizational difficulties through participatory problem solving with subordinates. Even the Department of State, with the help of Argyris, has attempted this.6
Continuity and Discontiuity in the Concept of Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Continuity and Discontiuity in the Concept of Art Get access Larry Shiner Larry Shiner Larry Shiner,University of Illinois at Springfield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 49, Issue 2, April 2009, Pages 159–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayp006 Published: 01 April 2009
Poultry Transport Microclimate Analysis through Enthalpy Comfort Index (ECI): A Seasonal Assessment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The transport of poultry is carried out under different conditions of distance, time and travel periods during the day. Depending of the thermal daily variability and seasonal effect, it is known that one of the main causes of animal stress during this pre-slaughter operation is the microclimate of the load, which can cause great losses. A method to evaluate the lorry thermal conditions during transport is the Enthalpy Comfort Index (ECI), which combines environmental temperature and relative humidity for an assessment the amount of heat in this environment and how much the birds are affected in their welfare. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microclimate of the load, for winter and summer, using the ECI as index of thermal comfort. The trial was conducted in a commercial abattoir, in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, during 2006 and 2007, where were accompanied transports in the winter and summer, during the afternoon. The load of trucks was tracked by 47 data loggers in order to draw a thermal profile. After obtaining this profile, the ECI (kJ/kg of dry air) was calculated. The data analysis was made using geostatistics for the prediction of the other points in lorry, through ordinary kriging. The profile of the IEC, during the afternoon and in summer, was ranked as critical and lethal in most parts of the load, classifying the microclimate of the load as harmful to birds.
To place provisionals or not--that is the question.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Porcelain labial veneers are quite possibly the most esthetic restorations that can be provided today. Their esthetic qualities are derived not only from the accurate replication of tooth structure, but also from the superior tissue response they elicit. Many of the procedures surrounding this restoration have become almost standardized in terms of preparation and the manner in which the restoration is made to become part of the tooth. But why experts who lecture about this procedure remain at odds about whether provisional restorations are necessary is baffling. As more tooth preparation became increasingly necessary to achieve the ultimate in esthetics and health, use of the provisional restoration was not incorporated, simply as a matter of established routine.
Spatial distributions and determinants of anaemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of EDHS 2016 – a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective This study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions and determinants of anaemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Exploring the spatial epidemiology of anaemia and identifying the risk factors would inform policymakers to come up with evidence-based prevention strategies for anaemia, especially in adolescent girls, who are the most affected segment of the population. Methods Secondary analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 was conducted. A total of 3172 adolescents were included in the analysis. The Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan V.9.6 to identify hotspot areas and the geospatial pattern and prediction of anaemia were mapped using ArcGIS V.10.8. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with anaemia among adolescent girls. Adjusted OR with 95% CI was calculated and variables having a p value less than 0.05 were statistically significant factors of anaemia. Result The overall prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was 23.8 (22.4 to 25.3), with significant spatial variations across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified a primary cluster in the eastern, northeastern and southeastern parts of Ethiopia (loglikelihood ratio=39, p<0.001). High anaemia prevalence was observed in eastern parts of the country. In the multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis, no formal education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.12), Afar (AOR=3.36, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.05), Somali (AOR=4.63, 95% CI 2.61 to 8.23), Harari (AOR=1.90, 95% CI 1.32 to 4.10), Dire Dawa (AOR=2.32, 95% CI 1.32 to 4.10) and high cluster altitude (AOR=1.37, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.82) were significantly associated with anaemia. Conclusion The national distributions of anaemia varied substantially across Ethiopia. Educational status, region and cluster altitude were significantly associated with anaemia in the multivariable logistic regression model. Thus, targeted public health interventions for adolescent girls should be implemented in the hotspot areas.