jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multigenerational exposure of the estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) to 17β-estradiol. I. Organism-level effects over three generations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A 280-d study examined the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on reproduction and development of the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed from the parental (F0) through three subsequent (F1, F2, and F3) generations and evaluated the need for multigenerational assessments of the risks of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This first three-generation study exposed adult F0 and F1 fish to measured concentrations of 0.01, 0.04, 0.08, 0.2, and 0.3 μg E2/L; the F2 and F3 generations were exposed to 0.2 μg E2/L or less. The cumulative 21-d production of normal embryos was significantly reduced in the F0 generation at 0.3 μg E2/L and in the F1 and F2 generations at 0.08 μg E2/L or more. The daily reproductive rate was significantly reduced in all three generations at 0.08 μg E2/L or more during spawning days 8 to 14 and 15 to 21. The proportion of infertile eggs from F1 fish was significantly increased above that of the solvent controls at 0.04 and 0.2 μg E2/L and from F2 fish at 0.04 μg E2/L or more. Changes in liver, kidney, and gonadal tissues were seen in the F0 and F1 generations exposed to 0.2 μg E2/L or more. The female gonadosomatic index was significantly decreased at 0.3 μg E2/L in the F0 and F1 generations. Estradiol affected the hepatosomatic index only in female F1 fish, but not in a dose-dependent manner. All F1 fish in 0.3 μg E2/L appeared to be phenotypically female. Our results indicate that life-cycle exposure to E2 significantly decreased embryo production by F1 and F2 fish at concentrations lower than those affecting the F0 generation, and they emphasize the importance of evaluating the impact of an estrogenic chemical on reproduction through a minimum of two (F0 and F1) generations.
Scenery Representation in Poetry of the Palestinian Resistance, a Poem "in Jerusalem" by Tamim Barghouthi _an Artistic Approach_

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Study aims at revealing the features of the scenery representation in the poetry of the Palestinian Resistance. Exactly, the Poem "in Jerusalem" by Tamim Barghouthi. The study starts from the fact that poetry is based on an artistic and dramatic construction which is rich of time, place, music, cinematic, persons and dynamic scenes. All of these are basic components of a scenery representation. By analysing the poem "In Jerusalem" by the young refugee poet Tamim Barghouthi we made a modest attempt to pick up some fruits of the scenery representation between the folds of the vocabulary and the compositions that were embodied in this poem.
Consumer Choice and Empowerment in Supported Employment Services: Issues and Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines consumer empowerment issues in supported employment services. First, it describes in general terms how service consumers can be given more control over supported employment services and, by extension, their work experiences. Then, consumer empowerment issues are examined from various aspects of service delivery (e.g., choice of occupation, preferences for training methods) and various types of problems that consumers typically encounter. Illustrative case examples are provided that show the effects of choice on individuals' satisfaction with employment and general well-being.
RAP1 is required for BAS1/BAS2- and GCN4-dependent transcription of the yeast HIS4 gene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The major in vitro binding activity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 promoter is due to the RAP1 protein. In the absence of GCN4, BAS1, and BAS2, the RAP1 protein binds to the HIS4 promoter in vivo but cannot efficiently stimulate HIS4 transcription. RAP1, which binds adjacently to BAS2 on the HIS4 promoter, is required for BAS1/BAS2-dependent activation of HIS4 basal-level transcription. In addition, the RAP1-binding site overlaps with the single high-affinity HIS4 GCN4-binding site. Even though RAP1 and GCN4 bind competitively in vitro, RAP1 is required in vivo for (i) the normal steady-state levels of GCN4-dependent HIS4 transcription under nonstarvation conditions and (ii) the rapid increase in GCN4-dependent steady-state HIS4 mRNA levels following amino acid starvation. The presence of the RAP1-binding site in the HIS4 promoter causes a dramatic increase in the micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of two adjacent regions within HIS4 chromatin: one region contains the high-affinity GCN4-binding site, and the other region contains the BAS1- and BAS2-binding sites. These results suggest that RAP1 functions at HIS4 by increasing the accessibility of GCN4, BAS1, and BAS2 to their respective binding sites when these sites are present within chromatin.
Developing networked landscaping services

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to empirically ground an adapted analytic framework for understanding how to develop landscaping services. This is based on revealing the nature of the network role and processes involved in landscaping services. Landscaping is often part of an overall construction project and has a project form of organisation. A case study of a landscaping firm reveals examples of challenges in planning this form of service operation. Contingency theory is applied to reveal relationship interdependency in a network setting. This provides reasoning on how to interact to produce landscaping services. As a service, landscaping mainly is carried out through pooling resources and varying degrees of intense interaction-rooted reciprocal interdependency while customer relationships entail project-related services. This involves degrees of predominantly pooled and reciprocal interdependency. Supplies to customers need to be negotiated to the degree that production is not standardised. Supplies are, however, a combination of goods and services. This entails purchasing needs to deal with different logistics of supply. A conceptual model is developed that depicts landscaping as networked service production influenced by interdependency and carried out in what is conceptually modelled as a short supply chain.
Magnesium Applications for Fuel Economy and Energy Production

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the properties, applications, technological barriers, and future projection of magnesium and magnesium based materials in fuel economy and energy production were evaluated. Mg lowers fabrication and joining costs, substitution by lightweight materials enable weight savings, in addition lifetime fuel costs and CO 2 emission are reduced. Studies state that reducing the automotive weights by a certain amount will result in a similar reduction in fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. Most power systems, either renewable or nuclear, provide solutions for electricity production, but to date, there is no satisfactory substitute for liquid fossil fuel for use in transportation (cars, airplanes, and the like) due to environmental reasons or security of supply. A resent approach to this problem is to use hydrogen as fuel. Researches on Magnesium-Air Fuel Cell (MAFC) Technology resulted in new and improved technologies which have advanced the magnesium-air fuel cell to commercialization. The MAFC approach to an alternative energy source is the development of a powerful, reliable and environmentally friendly non-toxic fuel cell that generates energy using magnesium. From the results of the resarches it is concluded that magnesium applications reduce CO 2 emission, and fuel costs.
The Effect of Exogenous Hyperinsulinemia on Proinsulih Secretion in Normal Man, Obese Subjects, and Patients with Insulinoma*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To examine possible feedback inhibition of insulin on proinsulin secretion, we measured serum proinsulin levels before and after 120 min of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (90-100 mU/liter) in 11 normal and 7 obese hyperinsulinemic subjects and 6 patients with beta-cell adenoma (n = 4), carcinoma, or hyperplasia. Baseline proinsulin levels accounted for 19%, 14%, and 56% of the total immunoreactive insulin in the 3 groups, respectively. Compared to normal subjects, baseline proinsulin levels were elevated (P less than 0.02) by 4- and 6-fold in obese subjects and patients with autonomous insulin secretion, respectively, but there was an overlap between the groups. In both normal and obese subjects, hyperinsulinemia suppressed proinsulin secretion by 45-50% (P less than 0.02), whereas no response occurred in the patients. Thus, the 120 min values were clearly different in the patients and the normal or obese subjects. After removal of the adenoma in 4 patients, baseline proinsulin levels and the response to hyperinsulinemia were normalized, but they remained elevated after a partial pancreatectomy or tumor removal in the patients with beta-cell hyperplasia or carcinoma. Thus, proinsulin secretion is under negative feedback control of insulin in both normal man and hyperinsulinemic obese subjects. In patients with insulinoma or beta-cell hyperplasia, this control is lost.
443-P: Outcomes of Bedside Diabetic Foot Amputation by a Diabetologist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Complying with simple operating rules, a diabetologist might perform Bedside Toe Amputation (BTA) for necrosis complicating diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in case of inappropriate delay scheduled or disagreement with the amputation level proposed by the surgeon. We conducted a monocentric, retrospective, observational study in our diabetes department. Patients with DFU and isolated toe necrosis indicating a transphalangeal amputation (TPA), a metatarsophalangeal disarticulation (MPD) or a single transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) decided during a multidisciplinary DFU team were included. The primary endpoint was the need for reoperation or reamputation (partial/complete TMA, transtibial (TTA) or transfemoral (TFA)) performed by a surgeon. From May 2016 to September 2020, 147 out of 709 patients admitted for DFU required a surgical treatment (21%). After DFU team agreement and patient’s informed consent obtained, 101/147 patients needed TPA, MPD or TMA (69%) and 43/101 were performed at bedside by the diabetologist (43%). The characteristics of the population were: men=75%, age=65±14 years, type 2 diabetes=95%, duration of diabetes=19±11 years, preoperative arteriography=84%, preoperative revascularization=30%, mean number of permeable arteries at the time of the procedure=2±0.9, permeable dorsal arch=58%, permeable plantar arch=45%. Type of BTA: TPA=28%, MPD=65%, TMA=7%. Median follow-up=12 months. Secondary conventional surgery was needed for 13 patients (30%) (TMA/TTA/debridement respectively in 54, 30 and 16% cases). Poor vascular arterial bed was the significant determinant of failure (≤ 1 leg artery, p=0.006). Annual mortality rates in the groups with or without the need for a surgeon were respectively 15 and 10% (p=0.6). Performed by a diabetologist, BTA might be an option to treat limited toe necrosis complicating DFU in case of ≥ 2 leg arteries permeable at the time of the procedure. A head-to-head comparison with conventional surgery is now required. Disclosure F. Feron: None. J. Riveline: None. J. Gautier: None. J. Kevorkian: None.
A model of water wave ‘horse-shoe’ patterns

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The work suggests a simple qualitative model of the wind wave ‘horse-shoe’ patterns often seen on the sea surface. The model is aimed at explaining the persistent character of the patterns and their specific asymmetric shape. It is based on the idea that the dominant physical processes are quintet resonant interactions, input due to wind and dissipation, which balance each other. These processes are described at the lowest order in nonlinearity. The consideration is confined to the most essential modes: the central (basic) harmonic and two symmetric oblique satellites, the most rapidly growing ones due to the class II instability. The chosen harmonics are phase locked, i.e. all the waves have equal phase velocities in the direction of the basic wave. This fact along with the symmetry of the satellites ensures the quasi-stationary character of the resulting patterns. Mathematically the model is a set of three coupled ordinary differential equations for the wave amplitudes. It is derived starting with the integro-differential formulation of water wave equations (Zakharov's equation) modified by taking into account small (of order of quartic nonlinearity) non-conservative effects. In the derivation the symmetry properties of the unperturbed Hamiltonian system were used by taking special canonical transformations, which allow one exactly to reduce the Zakharov equation to the model. The study of system dynamics is focused on its qualitative aspects. It is shown that if the non-conservative effects are neglected one cannot obtain solutions describing persistent asymmetric patterns, but the presence of small non-conservative effects changes drastically the system dynamics at large times. The main new feature is attractive equilibria , which are essentially distinct from the conservative ones. For the existence of the attractors a balance between nonlinearity and non-conservative effects is necessary. A wide class of initial configurations evolves to the attractors of the system, providing a likely scenario for the emergence of the long-lived three-dimensional wind wave patterns. The resulting structures reproduce all the main features of the experimentally observed horse-shoe patterns. In particular, the model provides the characteristic ‘crescent’ shape of the wave fronts oriented forward and the front-back asymmetry of the wave profiles.
Schistosomiasis can be prevented.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A project in Saint Lucia has shown that, as well as preventing gastroenteritis among infants, improved water supplies lead to a reduction in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Furthermore, after the widespread use of antischistosomal drugs, no increase in the prevalence of infection was observed over 4 years in villages with a standpipe water supply, laundries and showers. This project was designed to evaluate 3 methods of combating schistosomiasis--snail control, chemotherapy, and reducing risk of infection by providing safe water. Initially a comprehensive water delivery system, consisting of a water outlet to each house, communal laundries, shower facilities, and play pools for children, was used. Health education induced women to refrain from washing clothes in rivers, and, as a consequence, children accompanying their mothers were less exposed to infected river water; over a 4 year study period the incidence of new Schistosoma mansoni infections among children aged 2-5 years fell from 19.3% to 4.5%. Over the same period in villages served by a standpipe system the incidence fell only very slightly, from 16.5% to 14%.
Case‐relevant vs. case‐irrelevant questioning in experimental lie detection

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Observers (N = 121) judged the veracity of four communicators. Before making veracity judgments, observers viewed one of three baseline interview segments for each communicator: (1) a case‐relevant segment, (2) a case‐irrelevant segment, or (3) both case‐relevant and irrelevant segments. Observers were also cued to use one of three judgmental priming cues while making their veracity attribution. Specifically, observers were instructed to pay close attention to another's: (1) verbal message (plausibility), (2) nonverbal message, or (3) nervousness. A fourth control group of observers were not cued to use any specific cue while watching the videotapes. It was predicted that observers watching a case‐relevant baseline interview would detect deception more accurately than observers watching a case‐irrelevant baseline interview. Results indicated that individuals who viewed a case‐relevant baseline segment before judging deception were more accurate than individuals who viewed a case‐irrelevant baseline segment. Accuracy rates did not differ, however, as a function of global priming cue.
Editorial Comment to Prevention of infectious complications after prostate biopsy procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article by Togo and Yamamoto reviewed the topic of prevention of infectious complications after a prostate biopsy procedure and the current consensus.1 They clearly showed them under classification of the approach (transperineal or transrectal) and the risks for infection (high and low) according to the risk factors, such as larger prostate volume, diabetes mellitus, steroids, severe dysuria and immunocompromised hosts. There are many Japanese studies regarding prophylaxis in prostate biopsies. As the authors showed, Yasuda et al. offered evidence of the efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in high-risk patients, which could be a relevant reference for IJU readers for the selection of prophylactic antibiotic administration on transrectal prostate biopsy.2 Just recently, the guideline for perioperative measures for urological surgeries and procedures, including prostate biopsies, was updated by Yamamoto et al., and the importance of the classification of high and low risks for infection was emphasized.3 We also presented other regimens using cephamycin plus fluoroquinolones for high-risk patents.4 There is a possible difference in the targeted bacteria between high- and low-risk patients. This is because the former (high-risk patients) could be infected before prostate biopsy, especially in the prostate (chronic prostatitis), but no apparent pyuria or bacteriuria findings are seen in their urine, so they may not be diagnosed as having an infection. The important issue is that we need to exclude patients with infectious disease based on the evidence of pyuria, bacteriuria or related symptoms, and they were not subjects for the purpose of this review and the guideline mentioned above; they need to be treated with antibiotics in advance, which show susceptibilities to the causative bacteria isolated by culture tests. Therefore, the evaluation on if the patients have infection or not is necessary before prostate biopsy, as well as the classification of high and low risk for post-prostate biopsy infection. One matter that we would like to raise is whether this procedure can be carried out on an outpatient basis, or if the patients need to be hospitalized. Recently, urologists have been asked by those patients with suspected prostate cancer if they would like to undergo prostate biopsy as outpatients; however, currently, we have no evidence, as far as we know, that this procedure (prostate biopsy) can be carried out safely on outpatients without inferiority compared with inpatients. Therefore, future research is required regarding this question. None declared.
IDDF2021-ABS-0090 Research on application of wexner score and magnetic resonance defecography in patients with functional constipation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

To describe some clinical characteristics, Wexner score, and magnetic resonance defecography in patients with functional constipation.

Methods

Describing cross-study. Forty-two (42) patients were diagnosed with functional constipation according to ROME IV criteria. Magnetic resonance defecography and evaluation of the severity of constipation according to Wexner score were indicated in these patients from 01/2020 to 06/2021 at Hanoi Medical University Hospital.

Results

The mean duration of constipation was 6.1±5.9 years. Dyschezia and prolonged defecation were common symptoms (IDDF2021-ABS-0090 Table 1). Decreased frequency of bowel movements only accounted for 57.1% (IDDF2021-ABS-0090 Table 2). Magnetic resonance defecography detected 24/42 patients with rectocele; 16/42 patients with anismus; 15/42 patients with rectal prolapse, and 20/42 patients with uterus, bladder prolapse (IDDF2021-ABS-0090 Table 4). Incomplete defecation and assistance were common in rectocele. The group with rectocele and rectal prolapse experienced a longer duration of constipation. Decreased frequency of bowel movements was common in the group with anismus. The mean Wexner score was 13.3±4.0 (IDDF2021-ABS-0090 Table 3). The mean Wexner score in the group with rectocele was the highest at 14.4±4.0 (IDDF2021-ABS-0090 Table 3).

Conclusions

The Wexner score is a simple and easy to apply clinical scale which helps to evaluate subgroups of functional constipation. Magnetic resonance defecography is useful in evaluating structural and functional abnormalities in patients with functional constipation.
[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent health and development: a role to play for physicians].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article summarizes the conclusion of a two-days interprofessional online workshop held under the auspices of the Brocher Foundation. The objectives were to review the impact of COVID on adolescent health and development and to generate some key responses to the situation. The pandemic has severely affected the mental health of a large proportion of adolescents and has significantly reduced access to health care. It has as well disturbed the school education of vulnerable youngsters and decreased social contacts with adults and peers. In the future, authorities should better consider the rights of young people and request their opinion and participation in decision making. Physicians should systematically explore their young patients' opinions and queries regarding the COVID and address problematic situations such as family conflicts, misuse of internet or risky behaviour.
Promising treatments for muscle wasting in cancer: focus on microRNA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Cancer cachexia is characterized by a progressive loss of body weight and muscle mass, mainly caused by inflammation and anorexia/malnutrition that lead to energy wasting and muscle protein catabolism. These alterations represent the targets of several drugs and multimodal therapeutic approaches that are currently under clinical evaluation.Areas covered: In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in cancer and the available treatments are discussed. Afterwards, a particular attention is given to recently discovered new potential targets, focusing mainly on microRNAs, that are emerging as new drivers in the complex scenario of muscle mass control.Expert commentary: Moreover, microRNAs are dysregulated also in cancer, representing an attractive class of molecules for both fighting the tumor and managing cachexia.
AVALIAÇÃO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DE ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NO BRASIL: UMA PROPOSTA METODOLOGICA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sustainable development would enable the improvement of agrarian reform policies in the country, since it contemplates a broad and multifunctional approach to development based on policies that promote economic viability, the conservation of natural resources and the promotion of quality of life. The objective of this article is to present a methodology for evaluating the sustainability of PAs, which can be applied to any region. This proposal associates the three dimensions of sustainability with seven land use functions (LUF). It is executable in three stages: (i) the pre-diagnosis, aiming to define the sustainability assessment criteria; (ii) the diagnosis, aiming to identify the variables that compromise sustainability, based on adequate indicators; and (iii) planning, where performance constraints or limitations must be targeted by specific actions to reverse the present or future unsustainable framework.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Versatile Synthesis of 3‐(Polyfluoroalkyl)pyrazoles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.