jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating of the Synergistic Effect of three Essential Oils on the Virulence Factors (resistance gene) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia fonticola Isolated from Wounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Depending on the high resistance to antibiotics, five isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7 isolates of Serratia fonticola were selected out of 150 bacterial isolates from burn wards in Baghdad hospitals, which were later identified by VITEK2. A susceptibility test was done by using 15 antibiotics. The results showed that all the selected isolates were resistant to antibiotics: AMP, CTX, CAZ, GEN, PIP, TIC and TMP especially, while they were sensitive to IPE. The essential oils of Aloysia citrodora (Family: Verbenaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Family: Lamiaceae) and Thymus vulgaris (Family: Lamiaceae) were extracted by the Clevenger. The synergistic effect of essential oils of these plants on bacterial growth were studied by determining the MIC of essential oils for P. aeruginosa and S. fonticola. The MIC concentration of P. aeruginosa was: 2500 ppm of A. citrodora, 2500 ppm of R. officinalis, 2500 ppm of T. vulgaris, whilst the synergistic effect of each two plants was:1250 ppm of A. citrodora with 2500 ppm of R. officinalis, 1250 ppm of A. citrodora with 312.5 ppm of T. vulgaris, 1250 ppm of R. officinalis with 156.25 ppm of T. vulgaris, whereas the synergistic effect of three plants was: 156.25 ppm of A. citrodora with 156.25 ppm of R. officinalis and 39.0625 ppm T. vulgaris. While the MIC concentration of S. fonticola was: 1250 ppm of A. citrodora, 5000 ppm of R. officinalis, 1250 ppm of T. vulgaris, whilst the synergistic effect of each two plants was: 1250 ppm of A. citrodora with 2500 ppm of R. officinalis, 1250 ppm of A. citrodora with 312.5 ppm of T. vulgaris, 1250 ppm of R. officinalis with 156.25 ppm of T. vulgaris, whereas the synergistic effect of three plants was: 312.5 ppm of A. citrodora with 312.5 ppm of R. officinalis and 78.125 ppm T. vulgaris. The results of bacterial gene expression showed that three isolates of P. aeruginosa had a mexB gene expression that ranged between 2.5 - 0.4 (concentration 1) and 2.8 to 0.6 (concentration 2). It increased in two isolates and decreased in one isolate. The melting point ranged between 90.91 - 91.280C compared with 89.89 to 90.330C for fbp gene. Whereas S. fonticola did not have blaKPc gene, instead it had blaTEM gene with the gene expression ranging between 2.4 - 0.1 (concentration 1) and 4.5 - 0.2 (concentration 2). The gene expression increased in two isolates and decreased in five isolates. The melting point ranged between 83.63 - 84.200C compared with 75.82 - 85.560C for gyrB gene.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS: EFFECT OF FUNCTIONALITY OF SUPERDISINTEGRANTS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fast dissolving tablets (FDT) of Granisetron hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method after incorporating superdisintegrants croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone in different concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg). Eight formulations having superdisintegrants at different concentration level were prepared to assess their efficiency and critical concentration level. Different type of evaluation parameters for blends and tablets were used. The prepared tablets were characterized by FTIR studies. No chemical interaction between drug and exciepients was confirmed by FTIR studies. The formulation GCS 4 containing croscarmellose sodium showed superior in vitro , in vitro dispersion time and drug release, as compared to other formulations. GCS 4 tablet showed good dissolution efficiency and rapid dissolution. The 50% and 90% of drug release of tablet GCS 4, was found within 0.45 and 2.59 min.
Reevaluating the Politics and Research of School Choice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the ongoing conflicts over the effectiveness of school choice in America's educational system. After discussing the ideological foundations of the school choice movement, I analyze four controversies where the research done to evaluate school choice programs was hotly debated and inconclusive. The central holding of the paper is that these disputes are indicative of an ideologically saturated policy environment, in which opposing factions are far too eager to either condemn or support a school choice program before it has fully matured. I conclude by encouraging scholars and policymakers to examine factors beyond achievement, such as democratic participation and involvement, when considering school choice as an educational reform.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON DESIGN OF NANOROBOTIC SWIMMING CAPSULE A MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with conventional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies often limited by systemic toxicity, low specificity, and invasive procedures. In response to these challenges, recent advances in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering have led to the emergence of swimming capsule Nano robot a transformative innovation in the field of precision oncology. These miniature, capsule-shaped devices are engineered to autonomously or remotely navigate through biological fluids, including blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract, offering targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and real-time diagnostic capabilities at the cellular or molecular level. Swimming capsule Nano robots are typically composed of biocompatible and biodegradable materials and are powered by various propulsion mechanisms such as magnetic fields, acoustic waves, enzymatic reactions, or chemical fuels. Their structural design allows for the encapsulation of imaging agents, drugs, biosensors, or gene-editing molecules, enabling them to perform multiplexed tasks such as early tumour detection, localized drug release, and monitoring of treatment response all with minimal invasion and maximal precision. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design principles, propulsion technologies, and navigation strategies employed in swimming capsule Nano robots. It further highlights recent preclinical studies demonstrating their effectiveness in diagnosing and treating various types of cancer, such as colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers. Additionally, the review discusses the key advantages of these Nano robots, including reduced systemic toxicity, improved bioavailability, enhanced tumour penetration, and the ability to bypass biological barriers. Despite their promise, several challenges remain, including immune clearance, long-term safety, real-time control, and scalability for clinical use. The review concludes with future perspectives on integrating artificial intelligence, real-time imaging systems, and smart biosensors to enhance the functionality and clinical applicability of swimming capsule Nano robots in oncology. By merging the fields of robotics, Nano medicine, and oncology, swimming capsule Nano robots represent a significant step toward personalized, precise, and minimally invasive cancer care, potentially revolutionizing the way we detect and treat malignancies in the near future. Keywords: Swimming capsule Nano robot/Nanobot, precision oncology, diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive, real-time imaging, tumour targeting, drug delivery, theranostics, magnetic navigation.
Propensity score matching of the gymnastics for diabetes mellitus using logistic regression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristics shows an abnormal blood glucose level occurring due to pancreatic insulin deficiency, decreased insulin effectiveness or both. The report from the ministry of health shows that DMs prevalence data of East Java province is 2.1%, while the DMs prevalence of Indonesia is only 1,5%. Given the high cases of DM in East Java, it needs the preventive action to control factors causing the complication of DM. This study aims to determine the combination factors causing the complication of DM to reduce the bias by confounding variables using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with the method of propensity score estimation is binary logistic regression. The data used in this study is the medical record from As-Shafa clinic consisting of 6 covariates and health complication as response variable. The result of PSM analysis showed that there are 22 of 126 DMs patients attending gymnastics paired with patients who didnt attend to diabetes gymnastics. The Average Treatment of Treated (ATT) estimation results showed that the more patients who didnt attend to gymnastics, the more likely the risk for the patients having DMs complications.
Childhood obesity: a framework for policy approaches and ethical considerations.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although obesity rates among US children have increased during the past 3 decades, effective public policies have been limited, and the quest for workable solutions raises ethical questions. To address these concerns, in 2010, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation convened an expert panel to consider approaches to the ethics problems related to interventions for childhood obesity. On the basis of recommendations from the expert panel, we propose frameworks for policy approaches and ethical aspects of interventions and evaluation. We present these frameworks in the context of other papers in this collection and make recommendations for public health practice.
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Zinc Sulfate Solutions under Super- ambient Conditions: A Novel Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new method has been proposed to estimate the osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solutions under super-ambient conditions on the basis of the Pitzer ion-interaction approach using the volumetric data. Following this method, a compact set of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters, β MX (0) , β MX (1) , β MX (2) , and β MX ϕ , valid within the temperature range from 293.15 to 373.15 K, and pressure range from 0.1 to 10 MPa have been obtained for aqueous ZnSO 4 solutions. These parameters helped evaluate the osmotic and activity coefficients of this system to 3.0 mol∙kg − 1 within the temperature and pressure range mentioned above. The pressure dependences of osmotic and activity coefficients have also been estimated using the equations derived by Rogers and Pitzer (1982). The results obtained by the method proposed in this research agree very well with those calculated using Rogers & Pitzer approach. The advantage of the method proposed here is that it directly provides a compact set of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters required for describing the osmotic and activity coefficients, in contrast to the other method. This study also provided important information as to the ion-association behaviour of aqueous ZnSO 4 solution with respect to temperature and pressure. Further, the apparent molar enthalpies have been estimated using appropriate temperature derivatives of the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters.
The City as a Destination

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The findings of this original research provide a methodology that eliminates the subjectivity inherent in prior methods utilized to rank or gauge the capability of a city to attract delegates to conventions of professional associations. These new analytical techniques may also be employed to estimate convention attendee market shares, as well as determine reliable rankings of a destination's “attractiveness” and its financial or economic sustainability. The criteria identified in this study also comprise the “vital signs” for measuring a city's future health.
Technical efficiency and productivity differentials of dairy farms in three EU countries: the role of CAP subsidies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The impact of EU agricultural support policies on farms’ economic performance is an interesting issue for policy makers. The objective of this paper is to investigate technical efficiency and technical efficiency change of specialized German, Dutch and Swedish dairy farms and to compare their relative productivity. Three subsidy-related variables are introduced to reflect the wealth and insurance effect and the coupling effect of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies. Our results imply that a higher degree of coupling in farm support negatively affects farm efficiency, and the motivation of farmers to work efficiently is lower when they depend to a higher degree on subsidies as a source of income. Our study indicates that the composition of subsidies has a much smaller effect on efficiency than does the composition of total farm income. Relative productivity scores show that German and Swedish dairy farms have potential for improvement in productivity, compared to the production technology in the Netherlands. In conclusion, it is questionable whether farm income support of CAP since the 1992 CAP reform is suitable to achieve its goal to increase farmers’ overall competitiveness by improving their efficiency.
Reply to Author

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor—We thank Hampannavar and colleagues for their letter, in which they asked what outcomes of treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were in the subgroup of participants with severe antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) [1]. We have performed this subanalysis; however, there are important caveats: this was not prespecified in our protocol, randomization was not stratified by liver injury severity, and our study was not powered to detect effect modification by liver injury severity. In total, 42/102 study participants had severe liver injury (defined as coagulopathy (INR > 1.5) and/or encephalopathy) at baseline: 24/53 (45%) in the NAC arm and 18/49 (37%) in the placebo arm. For those with severe injury, median time to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) <100 U/L was 10.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 7–15) with NAC and 8 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6–12.5) for placebo, hazard ratio (HR) 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] .37...
Z-DNA Transconformation: A Quantum Molecular Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The polymorphism of nucleic acids is now well established and we know enough about the so-called Z-DNA form of left-handed helix to be able to undertake a quantum molecular approach of the various possible transconformations. This paper reports some of the first results we obtain by computations on our disugar-triphosphate model, essentially in the study of the varying conformations opened to the phosphate groups and the optimization of the forms named ZI and ZII.
VI.—The Southern Character of the Molluscan Fauna of the Coralline Crag Tested by an Analysis of its more Abundant and Characteristic Species

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The close resemblance between the Molluscan fauna of the Coralline Crag and that of the Mediterranean at the present day has long been known and is universally recognized. It has been customary, however, to take the whole list of shells from this deposit, for the purpose of comparison, without reference to the greater or less abundance of the different species; but in discussing the affinities of the fauna from this, or indeed from any other horizon of the East Anglian Crags, it may be misleading to attach as much importance to the presence of a shell, of which only one or at the most a very few specimens have been discovered during so many years, as to the occurrence of forms which are found in such countless profusion as sometimes to compose a large proportion of the whole number of the shells present. Out of about 440 species of Mollusca from the Coralline Crag given by Mr. Wood in his well-known Monograph (excluding varieties), nearly 90 are said to be represented by unique specimens only, while more than 100 others have very rarely been met with. It is true that some of these rarer forms may be only locally rare, although it is worthy of notice that, with few exceptions, the species which are common in the Diestien beds of Belgium, believed to be approximately contemporaneous with the Coralline Crag, are also common in that deposit. On the whole, without ignoring altogether the existence of the rarer forms, it seems that a consideration of the general facies of the fauna of each of the different horizons of the Crag, and of its characteristic fossils, is more important and is likely to give more reliable results than an analysis of all the species of each bed, irrespective of the greater or less frequency with which they have been found.
Condensation and evaporation processes during CB chondrite formation: Insights from Ge isotopes and highly siderophile element abundances

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We analyzed the highly siderophile element (HSE) contents and bulk Ge isotopic compositions of large metal grains in the CB chondrites Bencubbin (CB a ), Gujba (CB a ), and HaH 237 (CB b ). Our results suggest that the large grains were formed by the aggregation of smaller condensed grains, and the two Benccubinite groups are distinguishable based on their bulk metal δ 74/70 Ge mass‐dependent isotopic values of 0.99 ± 0.30‰ (CB a ) and −0.65 ± 0.10‰ (CB b ). Based on our observations of these three samples, the isotopic compositions of metal in CB a chondrites are best explained by condensation at slow cooling rates in the center of an impact plume, whereas the metal in CB b chondrites formed under fast cooling rates along the plume edges. We also analyzed the Ge contents and isotopic compositions of the core, intermediate, and rim fractions of two Gujba metal grains, which were separated by sequential digestion. These results show a gradual decrease in δ 74/70 Ge and [Ge] from core to rim. We suggest that these δ 74 Ge zonations result from near‐equilibrium condensation and evaporation processes in a heterogeneous plume. We propose a model for their formation in which (1) small grains (to become grain cores) condensed at equilibrium; (2) these grains were transported to a warmer region of the plume where they reached temperatures lower than that of Fe‐Ni condensation, but high enough for the rapid evaporation of Ge; (3) Ge evaporation followed by slow cooling enriched the grains in heavy Ge isotopes and the surrounding gas in light Ge isotopes; and (4) equilibrium recondensation of metal from the gas and around the small grains formed the light Ge isotopic zonations observed in grain rims.
Conductivity of the Two-Dimensional Rayleigh Model Near the Percolation Threshold: A Subthreshold Region of Concentrations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The conductivity of the two-dimensional Rayleigh model near a critical point, the percolation threshold, is investigated. The effective conductivity of the model with a metal–prefect conductor phase transition is calculated in the binary (pair) approximation. For the alternative model with a metal–insulator phase transition the corresponding effective conductivity is determined from the Keller–Dykhne reciprocity relation.
Research Trends in Eye Gaze Tracking and its Implications: A Bibliometric Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction: Eye gaze tracking is essential in understanding non verbal communication, human-computer interaction and cognitive responses. Its applications range from healthcare to consumer behaviour analysis and gaming. The evolution of eye gaze tracking technology and its increasing adoption highlight its significance across diverse domains. Aim: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of eye gaze tracking research over the past two decades (2005-2024), exploring publication trends, collaboration patterns, key contributors and emerging research themes. Materials and Methods: The present review was a bibliometric review in which data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection, amounting to 9,773 peer-reviewed articles. The bibliometric analysis tools used were VOSviewer and Biblioshiny for the investigation of co-authorship, citation and co-occurrence network analysis. The critical conceptual and intellectual trends in research on eye gaze tracking were identified, focusing on publication output and global collaborations in research. Results: Findings showed that more than 62% of publications were published within the period 2018-2024. The United States of America (USA) accounted for the majority of research contributions, followed by England and Germany. Applications in healthcare, marketing and cognitive sciences were evident, with “autism” being a focus of critical importance. Conclusion: Eye gaze tracking has seen rapid growth since 2018, with an increasing focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI)- assisted applications in healthcare, assistive technology and marketing. Emerging trends such as deep learning-based eye movement prediction and gaze-driven user experiences are shaping future developments. Upcoming research is expected to integrate AI, neuroscience and human-computer interaction to advance diagnostics and gaze-based security solutions.
Theoretical Representation of Ecocriticism in Dhruv P Bhatt’s Oceanside Blues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dhruv P Bhatt, who is excellent in Gujarati language and literature, is one of the foremost pioneers of impudent ecocritical issues in narratives in Gujarati literature. Contemporary accomplishments of Gujarati literature are depicted in Bhatt’s Samudrantike, written in the Gujarati language in the foundation stage. Subsequently, the text was translated into English as Oceanside Blues by Vinod Meghani in 2013. The focus of the novel offered is set against the background of his own experience. The present paper titled, “Theoretical Representation of Dhruv P Bhatt’s Oceanside Blues seems to explore the theory of ecocriticism, environmental problems, importance of coastal area of Gujarat, sea, festivities related to Gujarati Khaarava’ as well as culture and taboos of Guajarati maritime community with the variegated characteristics.
A New Decision Framework for Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Plant Site Selection Using Linear Regression Modeling Based on GIS-AHP

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Currently, worldwide attention to clean energy and sustainable energy has been expedited because of its many environmental benefits. In fact, wind and solar energies play a prime role in decarbonizing the energy market. However, finding the most suitable locations for wind/solar power plants is difficult because of the non-homogeneous distribution of these sources. This paper presents a novel method for selecting the optimal locations for wind and solar farms by mapping the space of the decision criteria to the site score. In addition, the multiple linear regression model was used, with the help of the combination of GIS and AHP methods, to model the siting of wind and solar power plants. The site scoring method used in this study is reliable and globally evaluated; therefore, the scores are accurate and effective. To reveal the ability of the proposed method, two study areas were investigated and researched. The results achieved based on the introduced method showed that, in case study 1, areas with an area of about 9, 4 and 7 km2 are suitable for the construction of wind, solar and wind/solar power plants, respectively. This paper also used fourteen existing wind/solar, wind and solar farms from five continents around the world. The results showed that the suggested model acts the same as the real data. In addition to the interest these results hold for the development of renewable energy in the study area, this novel approach may be applied elsewhere to select optimum sites for wind, solar, and combined wind and solar farms.