jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Successful Late Life Subsea Gas Field Management: Extending Life of Giza Fayoum in Challenging Flow Assurance Environment, Without Subsea Intervention

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes the late life flow assurance challenges faced Giza Fayoum (GF) subsea gas field, where total production dropped below pipeline turndown rate, leading to liquids accumulation in the pipeline increasing back pressure on wells and eventually 30 days field shut down. Despite system constraints of depleting reservoirs and limited liquid handling capacity, the team put together a practical methodology to dewater the trunkline and restore production without the need for an expensive subsea intervention. The team studied few scenarios for pipeline dewatering considering wells potential, location, liquids inventory and its distribution along the pipeline, onshore constraints of liquid handling, as well as impact on resources and ultimate recovery from the field. Through Integrated discussion supported by dynamic modelling using OLGA, the team has decided on the most promising approach for removing about 12000 bbl of water from the pipeline via cycling a group of wells distributed along the pipeline. The initial operation involved flaring and frequent plant shut-ins and restarts, so a temporary operating procedure was written and reviewed by multidisciplinary team before execution. Early dewatering operation targeted 5 to 6 short production cycles (6-10 hours) at minimum onshore pressure by sending gas to flare to help remove 12000 bbl of water with an expected total flared volume of 150 mmscf. During execution, actual system performance was very close to expectations from the dynamic modelling, and team managed to remove the required amount of water after only four cycles with 65% savings in flared gas. In addition, the success of the concept allowed further optimization and removal of more water from the pipeline by completing another 6 production cycles through the export route and stopped flaring. The dewatering process resulted in lowering system pressure by 10 bar which enabled field restart and resuming production for ~3 years till the time of writing this paper at an average cyclic production rate of 45 mmscfd. It has also allowed better understanding of the subsea system's performance and limitations, which set the basis for the ongoing improved longer term operating strategy for the field. The approach described in this paper offers a practical and cheap solution for one of the most common late life flow assurance challenges that can be applied in similar gas fields to dewater the pipeline, increase production, and extend field's life when the economics do not support a subsea vessel intervention to pig and dewater the pipeline.
Revisiting the environmental bias of trade policies based on an environmentally extended GTAP MRIO Data Base

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recently, Shapiro (2021) identified a new fact which shows an environmental bias of trade policies. This fact reveals that in most countries both import tariffs and non-tariff barriers are much lower on dirty than on clean goods—where “dirtiness” is defined as a commodity’s emission intensity measured in terms of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion per dollar of that commodity’s value. In this paper, we revisit this fact by using a newly-developed environmentally-extended GTAP MRIO Data Base and extend an earlier analysis in several ways. Our preliminary results that rely on the emissions embodied into trade (EEBT) approach and consider import tariffs only (i.e. do not include NTBs) indicate that when looking at the global average indicators, the environmental regressivity/progressivity of trade policy substantially depends on the scope of emissions coverage. We find substantial evidence of environmental bias of trade policies when only CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are considered. In contrast, when a broader set of GHG emissions is analyzed, an opposite relation is observed with more GHG-intensive commodities facing higher tariffs. The latter is largely driven by the fact that import tariffs are high for agricultural and food commodities (e.g. meat and rice) that are relatively clean as they combust less fossil-fuel related CO2 emissions, but are much more emission intensive, when non-CO2 GHGs are accounted for. Our preliminary results also indicate that in the case of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions, one of the major cause of pre-mature mortality worldwide, a positive relation between import tariffs and emission intensities is observed.
The utility and aesthetics of landscape: a case study of Irish vernacular architecture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the utilitarian or everyday relationships to landscape evident in the interlocking of land use practices, spatial strategies, and built structures in the context of rural Ireland. Primary research in the form of spatial documentation of landscape strategies deployed in farm buildings, marine structures, mill buildings, and limekilns are presented and analysed, revealing landscape’s role as an instrumental element in these configurations, not merely a setting. Generally, aesthetic interpretations of these structures and configurations are concerned with the qualities of their vernacular form as typology and their scenic relationship to landscape. A performative reading of vernacular architecture/landscape configurations presents a counterpoint to this discourse, and informs a re-articulation of their aesthetic/ethical interpretation.
Treatment Outcomes for Primary Hepatic Angiosarcoma: National Cancer Database Analysis 2004–2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To determine the risk of mortality and factors associated with survival amongst patients diagnosed with primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA). Methods: All patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or PHA from 2004 to 2014 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Further analysis was performed within the cohort of patients with PHA to assess the impact of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and facility type on overall survival (OS). A multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional methods and a survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method were used. Results: A total of 117,633 patients with HCC were identified, out of whom 346 patients had PHA. Patients with PHA had a mean age of 62.9 years (SD 13.7), the majority were men (64.7%), white (85.8%), and had a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of zero (66.2%). A third of the patients with PHA (35.7%) received chemotherapy, and 14.6% underwent a surgical resection. The median survival was 1.9 months (1.8–2.4 months) compared to patients with HCC (10.4 months, 10.2–10.5) (aHR-2.41, 95% CI: 2.10–2.77, p < 0.0001). Surgical resection was associated with a higher median survival (7.7 versus 1.8 months, aHR-0.23, 95% CI: 0.15–0.37, p < 0.0001). A receipt of chemotherapy was associated with a higher median survival than no chemotherapy (5.1 versus 1.2 months, aHR-0.44, 95% CI: 0.32–0.60, p < 0.0001), although the survival benefit did not persist long term. Conclusion: PHA is associated with poor outcomes. A surgical resection and chemotherapy are associated with improved survival outcomes; however, the long-term benefits of chemotherapy are limited.
Concept of Modular, Self-Supporting Cable for Powering the Hovering Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hovering unmanned aerial vehicles or drones can function as distant platforms for mounted sensors, as signal transceivers, or for other purposes. However, they must be tethered. The tether functions as a power cable that connects a tethered drone with a ground power unit. In this article, we developed a concept in which a power cable is of modular structure, consisting of mutually identical modules. Each module has motorised propellers and is capable of preserving itself in a given, hovering position. We formulated an equation for electric current that, for a given set of parameters, makes hovering of a drone with such a modular cable possible. The developed concept does not show significant improvement in maximum height reached by the drone. The underlying causes are extracted from a set of assumptions that define the concept.
Metabolic Products of Cholesterol in Bile and Feces of Rat. Steroids and Bile Acids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary1. After administration of cholesterol-4-C14 to rats the main excretory products in the bile are cholic and chenode-soxycholic acid present as taurine conjugates. 2. The labelled material present in feces has been fractionated. It has been found that most of the conjugate has been split. No unchanged cholic acid seems to be left in the feces. A series of different labelled products have been separated some at least of which contain ketonic groups.
Potential of Bioinvasion by Human Activities in the Antarctic Marine Environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Expansion of human activities increases the likelihood of species introductions in Antarctica.Considering this fact we studied the main vectors and pathways of potential introductions in the King George Island.ree main areas of human activities were considered: tourism, shing and scienti c research.We conducted a literature review and a survey of statistical data on sites of human activities in Antarctica.We observed that the transport of people and goods by human activities increased during the period under analysis.e places most visited by tourists on King George Island were scienti c stations.e routes taken by several types of cruises departed mainly from ports located in Chile and Argentina.So, there is a greater likelihood of possible introductions of alien species from southern South America.e scienti c stations Bellingshausen, President Eduardo Frei and Henryk Arctowski are the oldest in operation; they must be targets of investigation for a possible presence of non-native species, since time and human activities are essential factors in the processes of bioinvasion.e increase of licensed vessels and trawlers on King George Island, also enhances the risk of possible introductions of species in the marine environment.erefore, this study is important to make inferences about the presence of introduced species besides contributing to avoid possible future introductions in the Antarctic marine environment.
Orthodontists’ Attitude and Practice in the Provision of Orthodontic Treatment for Patients with Visual and Hearing Impairments

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: To determine the behavior and attitudes of orthodontists toward providing orthodontic care for patients with visual impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI). Method: This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire that was completed by forty orthodontists. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions about past educational lectures and training in the field of special needs, as well as orthodontist’s enthusiasm, confidence, and experience in the provision of treatment for patients with special needs. A five point’s Likert scale was developed and used to determine the attitude of orthodontists towards providing orthodontic treatment for patients with visual impairment (VI Scale) and hearing impairment (HI Scale). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the orthodontist’s degrees and their country of postgraduate study in determining their general foundation and attitude towards special needs care. Furthermore, the total years of experience was found to be irrelevant. Orthodontists tended to have a more favorable attitude toward patients with HI than toward patients with VI. (P=0.007) Conclusion: People with sensory impairments cannot be considered a homogeneous group. Insight into the treatment needs for different groups of persons with disabilities is required in order to enhance treatment planning and the quality of life of these patients. Keywords: orthodontist; orthodontic treatment, behavior; attitude; patients; visual and hearing impairments.
Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual‐purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots. Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales. Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual‐purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.
Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on the Performance of Indigenous Chicken of Assam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a 4×4 factorial experiment, one day old 400 nondescript indigenous chicks of Assam were fed on 16 experimental diets for 12 weeks. Sixteen experimental rations were formulated with 21, 22, 23 and 24 crude protein (CP) each at energy level of 2500, 2700, 2800 and 2900 Kcal ME/Kg. Average body weight ranged from 453.89±22.69g to 695.88±22.69 at 12 weeks of age. Body weight was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by dietary energy levels and protein × energy interactions, but not by dietary protein levels. However, weight gain improved as the level of protein increased in the diets. Feed consumption was lower (P<0.01) at 2900Kcal ME/kg than at 2500,2700 or 2800 Kcal ME/kg. Feed conversion efficiency ranged 4.60 to 7.63 and it was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary energy levels and protein energy interactions but not by dietary protein levels. Protein efficiency ratio ranged from 0.60 to 0.94 and it was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by dietary protein and energy levels but not by protein × energy interactions. Energy efficiency ratio was significantly(P<0.01) higher at 2900 Kcal ME/kg than at 2500, 2700 or 2800 Kcal ME/kg. Performance index was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary energy levels only. Cost of feeding was lowest on ration containing 24% CP and 2700 Kcal ME/kg. It was concluded that diet containing 24% CP and 2700 Kcal ME/kg performed better as compared to other diets.
The Loss of the Native Language and Post-Imperial Narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This article addresses the issue of language in colonial and post-colonial contexts and its role in delineating authentic features of national identity. The first part tackles African and Irish theorists such as Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Douglas Hyde whose views of clinging to the native tongue promote the politics of an essentialist identity. According to them, the loss of the native language brings about feelings of inferiority and estrangement which serve only to empower the colonizer. The article, then, proceeds to more tolerant writers who believe in the colonizer’s share in the making of the present of the colonized and favor hybrid identities. For them, it is impossible to reduce the polyvocality of the moment into the too-familiar, too-reassuring fictions of the old days. Finally, this work focuses on the Irish context through Yeats and Joyce who radically transform the idea of the nation theorizing for style as an agent of redemption from colonial artistic and political confines. Their cosmopolitan techniques allow the breakthrough of a new context, a post-imperial writing. The loss of the native language, therefore, opens alternative artistic paths to experiment with the language of the colonizer fostering a modern, cosmopolitan and continuously changing “national” identity. Keywords: National identity, native language, essentialist, hybrid, experimentation, post-imperial
A new species of Clausophyes (Siphonophorae, Clausophyidae), with a redescription of C. galeata and C. moserae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of the genus Clausophyes (Siphonophora, Calycophora) is described from four anterior nectophores collected in the Southern Ocean. This species is distinguished from others in the genus by the presence of a large, undivided mouth plate on the anterior nectophore. However, in order to establish the distinctiveness of two other species in this genus, namely C. moserae and C. galeata , which a recent author has suggested should have only sub-specific ranking, the anterior and posterior nectophores of those species are redescribed.
A new modelling method for boilers based on three-dimensional combustion monitoring in furnace

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The non-uniform distributions of two-dimensional radiation flux on the surfaces of water-cooled wall in a furnace are obtained through the three-dimensional flue gas temperature distributions and the furnace radiation energy signals, which are got by a real-time monitoring system for the three-dimensional combustion. By the radiation flux distributions taken as the boundary conditions, a dynamic model for the boiler is established. A simulation is made on a 300 MW power plant boiler. Taking the measured data of the power plant as the inputs of the model, the average wall heat flux, drum pressure and steam mass flow rate at the outlet of the drum are calculated. The simulated results are compared with the measured data, which show the model can well represent the dynamic process of the boiler. The model is expected to be useful for on-line prediction or off-line calculation because of the performance of calculation of important thermodynamic parameter distributions on the water-cooled wall including the wall heat flux, wall temperature, steam content in mass and mass velocity, which provide an important basis to evaluate the security and reliability of power plant boiler.
[An investigation on genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Anhui province].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study the distribution of HCV genotypes in Anhui province, anti-HCV positive serum samples were collected from 371 hepatitis C patients, 60 patients under haemodialysis and 100 blood donors. HCVRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Based on the results of PCR positivity, HCV genotyping was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results showed that among hepatitis C patients 143 (75.66%) were HCV type II infection, 25 (13.23%) were HCV type III and 12(6.35%) were type II/III co-infection. HCV type I and IV infection appeared in one of each (0.53%). HCV genotype could not be determined in 7 patients because of low HCVRNA titers. These results indicated that HCV II infection was the dominant genotype in Anhui Province. Geographically, HCV type II infection was higher in the southern areas. The patterns of genotype distribution in the southern and northern areas were significant different (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between HCV genotypes in relation to the history of blood transfusion.
Analyzing the Signaling Properties of Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) Melanocortin Receptors: Evaluating Interactions with MRAP1 and MRAP5

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RT-PCR analysis of gar pituitary and brain indicated that different combinations of gar melanocortin receptor mRNAs are present in the same tissues with mRNAs for gar mrap1 and gar mrap2. Against this background, an objective of this study was to determine whether the ligand sensitivity for either ACTH or α-MSH was affected when gar (g) melanocortin receptors (Mcrs) were co-expressed with either of the accessory proteins gMrap1 or gMrap2 in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. The results indicated that gMc2r has an obligatory requirement for co-expression with gMrap1 in order for the receptor to be activated by hACTH(1-24). In addition, activation of gMc2r did not occur when the receptor was expressed alone or co-expressed with gMrap2. Furthermore, co-expression of gMc2r with gMrap1 followed by stimulation with NDP-MSH resulted in a low level of activation (only at 10-7 M and 10-6 M). However, gMc1r, gMc3r, gMc4r, and gMc5r responded to stimulation by NDP-MSH in a more robust manner. Co-expression of gMc1r, gMc3r, gMc4r, and gMc5r with gMRAP1 had no effect on sensitivity to stimulation by NDP-MSH or hACTH(1-24). Co-expression with gMRAP2 had no negative or positive effect on ligand sensitivity for gMc1r, gMc3r, and gMc5r, however this treatment did increase the activation of CHO cells transfected with gMc4r following stimulation with both hACTH(1-24) (p < 0.001), and NDP-MSH (p < 0.001). Co-expression of gMC5R with either gMRAP1 or gMRAP2 increased trafficking of gMC5R to the plasma membrane. These pharmacological observations are compared to the response of melanocortin receptors from other neopterygian fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and tetrapods to stimulation by ACTH(1-24) and forms of α-MSH.
Associations among production and physicochemicalquality fruit traits in Passion fruit populations subjected to three cycles of intrapopulation recurrent selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present study was developed to identify the direct and indirect effects of fruit production traits in passion fruit on traits of agronomic interest as well as determine possible changes in associations between the characters after three cycles of recurrent selection. Twenty three half-sibling progenies were evaluated for the characteristics number of fruits per plant; fruit mass per plant (g); pulp percentage (%); fruit length and diameter (mm); peel thickness (mm); total soluble solids content (ºBrix); pH; and yield per plant (kg). Fruit production per plant was considered the main variable, while the others were considered explanatory variables. Within-family heritability (h2ad) values were lower than the mean heritability of the progeny (h2mp). Path analysis revealed that the direct selection of genotypes with higher number of fruits or fruit average mass results in increased production per plant; however, indirect selection is inefficient in providing simultaneous gains. Therefore, by observing the correlations throughout selection cycles, it can be stated that although production per plant is the most important variable, preference should be given to the use of selection indices, as there are better chances of obtaining gains for fruit quality and production traits in selection across half-sibling passion fruit progenies.