jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Simplified Method to Estimate Surface Trap Distribution: Potential Decay by Charge Dissipation Along Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gas-insulated equipment is indispensable in dc transmission systems. Under the dc field, the surface charge accumulation could induce insulation failure. While the surface trap characteristic is a significant factor in surface charge accumulation and transportation, the surface trap distribution is often measured by the surface potential decay (SPD) method, where surface charges dissipate through the bulk of the sample. It is however difficult to distinguish this way carriers trapped on the surface and in material bulk. In addition, it is difficult to apply the SPD method in engineering practice because of the limitation imposed by sample thickness. To overcome these difficulties a novel and simplified method of SPD along surface (SPDS) measurement is proposed in this article, which allows for estimating the surface trap distribution and conductivity characteristics of the investigated insulator. As compared with the SPD through bulk (SPDB) method, the distribution of surface traps with micrometer sized metal particles on the surface is obtained.
Multilocular cystic nephroma: a radiographic-pathologic correlation of 58 patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical radiographic, and pathologic findings of multilocular cystic nephroma (MLCN) in 58 patients are presented. The lesion that affects predominantly boys in childhood and women in adulthood is usually solitary but rarely can be multiple, and it commonly occurs as an asymptomatic mass, occasionally with hematuria. Tumors may grow slowly over years or rapidly within months. A mass that is usually identified on plain radiographs occasionally has curvilinear calcification. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography are helpful when pelvic herniation of the tumor is recognized, or when septae are noted with total body opacification. Angiography showed an avascular mass (six lesions), a hypovascular mass (14 lesions), or a hypervascular mass three lesions). Ultrasonography is helpful when multiple circumscribed sonolucent areas are identified. Similarly, a multilocular mass with septae is usually identified by computed tomography (six of seven cases). Our findings and a review of the literature indicate that this lesion is a neoplasm that can be strongly suspected preoperatively if pelvic herniation or a multilocular pattern is noted on imaging studies.
Dynamic connectedness among regional FinTech indices in times of turbulences

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the connectedness among several regional FinTech indices and analyses the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on the dynamic spillovers. We employ the time-varying parameter vector autoregression and time-frequency connectedness network approach using data spanning from 2 September 2021 until 4 April 2022. We find that the returns and volatility spillovers among FinTech indices burst with the outbreak of the invasion. During this invasion, Asia-Pacific and Japan FinTech appeared to be the largest recipients of the spillovers. In contrast, Europe and North America FinTech appeared to be the largest transmitters of spillovers. The short-term effect among regional FinTech indices is stronger than the long-term relationship.
A Bifunctional Br鴑sted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent to Dissolve and Catalyze the Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature, and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use. Alkali lignin (AL) was treated with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid at mild reaction temperature, the structure of the lignin before and after degradation, as well as the composition of small molecules of lignin were analyzed in order to investigate the chemical structure changes of lignin with DES treatment, and the degradation mechanism of lignin in this acidic DES was elucidated in this work. FTIR and NMR analyses demonstrated the selective cleavage of the lignin ether linkages in the degradation process, which was in line with the increased content of phenolic hydroxyl species. XPS revealed that the O/C atomic ratio of the regenerated lignin was lower than that of the AL sample, revealing that the lignin underwent decarbonylation during the DES treatment. Regenerated lignin with low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index was obtained, and the average molecular weight (Mw) decreased from 17680 g/mol to 2792 g/mol (130°C, 3 h) according to GPC analysis. The lignin-degraded products were mainly G-type phenolics and ketones, and small number of aldehydes were also generated, the possible degradation pathway of lignin in this acidic DES was proposed.
Computational Prediction of Target Genes of MicroRNAs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (21-25 nt) non-coding endogenous RNAs that mediate the\nexpression of their direct target genes post-transcriptionally. The goal of this thesis is to identify the\ntarget genes of miRNAs using computational methods. The most popular computational target prediction\nmethods rely on sequence based determinants to predict targets. However, these determinants are neither\nsufficient nor necessary to identify functional target sites,\nand commonly ignore the cellular conditions in which miRNAs interact with their targets \\emph{in vivo}.\nSince miRNAs activity reduces the steady-state\nabundance of mRNA targets, the main goal of this thesis is to augment large scale gene expression profiles as\na supplement to sequence-based computational miRNA target prediction techniques.\nWe develop two computational miRNA target prediction methods: InMiR and BayMiR; in addition, we study the interaction between miRNAs and lncRNAs using long RNA expression data.\n\nInMiR is a computational method that predicts the targets of intronic miRNAs based on the expression profiles of their host\ngenes across a large number of datasets. InMiR can also predict\nwhich host genes have expression profiles that are good surrogates for those of their intronic miRNAs. Host\ngenes that InMiR predicts are bad surrogates contain significantly more miRNA target sites in their 3 UTRs\nand are significantly more likely to have predicted Pol II-III promoters in their introns.\n\nWe also develop BayMiR that scores miRNA-mRNA pairs based on the endogenous footprint of miRNAs on gene expression in a genome-wide scale. BayMiR provides an ``endogenous target repression" index, that identifies the contribution of each miRNA in repressing a target gene in presence of other targeting miRNAs.\n \n\nThis thesis also addresses the interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs. Our analysis on expression abundance of long RNA transcripts (mRNA and lncRNA) shows that the lncRNA target set of some miRNAs have relatively low abundance in the tissues that these miRNAs are highly active. We also found lncRNAs and mRNAs that shared many targeting miRNAs are significantly positively correlated, indicating that these set of highly expressed lncRNAs may act as miRNA sponges to promote mRNA regulation.
Medical rhetoric: A contrastive study of Arabic and English in the UAE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE AIM of this paper is to study the rhetorical use of tense and voice in research writing undertaken in both English and Arabic medical research. Six reports (three by native speakers of English, three by native speakers of Arabic) were analysed, all being typical of texts containing functional information. Moreover, several medical prescriptions were also analysed. The analysis showed important differences between medical English and medical Arabic, in terms of tense, voice and the use of modals. The study concludes with a number of practical and research recommendations.
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation. I. Activation of Molecular Hydrogen by Solutions of Cuprous Acetate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation. I. Activation of Molecular Hydrogen by Solutions of Cuprous AcetateSol Weller and G. A. MillsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4, 769–777Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01100a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01100a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Claude Debussy Solo Piano Corpus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dataset originates from the DCML corpus initiative and contains musicological research data. For more information, please refer to its documentation page https://dcmlab.github.io/debussy_piano Please cite this dataset as

Laneve, S., Schaerf, L., Cecchetti, G., Hentschel, J., & Rohrmeier, M. (2023). The diachronic development of Debussy's musical style: A corpus study with Discrete Fourier Transform. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 289. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01796-7

The folders in the ZIP file that can be downloaded here from Zenodo are empty because they are submodules in the original Git repository which Zenodo is not including. However, the submodules have their own records: debussy_childrens_corner debussy_deux_arabesques debussy_estampes debussy_etudes debussy_images debussy_other_piano_pieces debussy_pour_le_piano debussy_preludes debussy_suite_bergamasque
Visually guided pointing and the Muller-Lyer illusion: why are the data so contradictory?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Some models of visual function propose that vision-for-action and vision-for-perception use different spatial representations, so that the visual guidance of action can be accurate even when there are systematic biases in conscious visual perception. Support for this counterintuitive prediction has come from behavioral studies suggesting that visually guided actions are largely immune from visual illusions. However, contrary to this prediction other studies have documented substantial illusory effects in motor tasks. Such large contradictions in the literature pose a challenge, and suggest that we might obtain useful insights about the visual guidance of pointing if we could understand the factors behind these differences of results. We have reanalyzed 33 independent studies of pointing on the Müller-Lyer and related illusions. Our reanalysis shows that estimates of the illusion effect average slightly above zero but vary widely across studies (from around zero to comparable to perceptual effects). In addition, our reanalysis shows that a substantial proportion of this variability can be explained by four factors: the initial position of the pointing finger, the quality of visual feedback during the pointing action, the number of trials per condition of the experiment, and the interaction of feedback and trials. These findings suggest that pointing is immune from the illusion under certain conditions, but it can be strongly affected by it under others. We propose, in particular, that immunity of pointing from visual illusions is not a matter of response mode but depends on a subtle interplay of a variety of factors, a crucial role beeing played by feedback-driven motor learning.
A 3D digitzation system for conventional radiation therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

While the majority of patients receiving external beam radiation therapy treatment are planned by CT simulation, a significant number of them are still planned using conventional simulators for various reasons.The information-collection process in a conventional simulation is often fragmented and done with primitive tools.For example, in many institutions body contours are still acquired using solder wires and tracing paper, a time-consuming and error-prone procedure.We have developed a 3D digitization system to assist the information-acquisition process at conventional simulations.The system consists of an infrared camera assembly, a wireless digitizer probe, and Windows-based software.The system can provide 3D coordinates of any points in space accessible by the probe with submillimeter accuracy.It can be used to capture body contours, to record the coordinates of portal points, and to take various measurements for dose calculations as well as for patient setup.The software can display all the captured data together with the planned treatment fields, providing a comprehensive geometric verification of the treatment configuration.The system can also transfer all the information to doseplanning programs in DICOM-RT format, providing an integrated information flow from simulation to dose planning.
Bacterial community responses to planktonic and terrestrial substrates in coastal northern Baltic Sea

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacteria are major consumers of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems. In coastal zones, bacteria are exposed to a variety of DOM types originating from land and open sea. Climate change is expected to cause increased inflows of freshwater to the northern coastal zones, which may lead either to eutrophication or to increased inputs of refractory terrestrial compounds. The compositional and functional response of bacterial communities to such changes is not well understood. We performed a 2-day microcosm experiment in two bays in the coastal northern Baltic Sea, where we added plankton extract to simulate eutrophication and soil extract to simulate increased inputs of refractory terrestrial compounds. Our results showed that the bacterial communities responded differently to the two types of food substrates but responded in a similar compositional and functional way in both bays. Plankton extract addition induced a change of bacterial community composition, while no significant changes occurred in soil extract treatments. Gammaproteobacteria were promoted by plankton extract, while Alphaproteobacteria dominated in soil extract addition and in the non-amended controls. Carbohydrate metabolism genes, such as aminoglycan and chitin degradation, were enriched by plankton extract, but not soil extract. In conclusion, the coastal bacterial communities rapidly responded to highly bioavailable substrates, while terrestrial matter had minor influence and degraded slowly. Thus, in the northern Baltic Sea, if climate change leads to eutrophication, large changes of the bacterial community composition and function can be expected, while if climate change leads to increased inflow of refractory terrestrial organic matter the bacterial communities will not show fast compositional and functional changes. Degradation of terrestrial organic matter may instead occur over longer periods of time, e.g. years. These findings help to better understand the ability of bacterial communities to utilize different carbon sources and their role in the ecosystem.
Klotho alleviates vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury by upregulating anti-oxidative capacity via JAK2/STAT3/GPx3 axis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose: Emerging studies indicated that Klotho is a marker of renal injury and owns a protective effect on different kinds of kidney diseases. However, the role of Klotho in vancomycin (Van)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely unclear. Hence this study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of Klotho in Van-AKI. Experimental Approach: The mRNA expression of Klotho and the JAK2/STAT3/GPx3 axis was assessed by RNA sequence analysis after the Van challenging; the mechanism action of Klotho was examined in vitro by Klotho small interfering RNA and recombinant Klotho. The expression of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes was detected by flow cytometry and spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to scan the structural damage of mitochondria. Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were applied to further explore the function of the JAK2/STAT3/GPx3 axis in Van-AKI. Key Results: RNA sequence analysis indicated that Van challenging reduced the expression of Klotho and GPx3, but increased JAK2/STAT3. In vitro, Klotho siRNA enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species and the cell apoptosis ratio by regulating the JAK2/STAT3/GPx3 axis, while the decrease of GPx3 was prevented by specific inhibitors of JAK2/STAT3. In contrast, recombinant human Klotho showed the opposite function to Klotho siRNA. In vivo, recombinant mouse Klotho improved the anti-oxidative enzyme level and mitochondria damage as well as renal dysfunction and histological damage via upregulating anti-oxidative ability. Conclusion and Implications: To conclude, the study evidenced that recombinant Klotho ameliorated Van-induced AKI via the JAK2/STAT3/GPx3 signaling axis by upregulating anti-oxidative ability.
Tingkat Pemahaman Generasi Z terhadap Wakaf Uang di Kota Pekanbaru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the level of understanding of Generation Z on cash waqf and find ways to increase Generation Z's understanding of cash waqf in Pekanbaru City. The approach taken is a quantitative descriptive approach. The population in this study is Generation Z with the status of students, namely the Islamic Economics Study program of UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. The total population is 1,107 people. A sample of 96 people was taken, which was obtained through the slovin formula. The results of the study obtained an average research score of 350, located in the area of ​​​​agree close to doubt. So it is stated that the level of understanding of Generation Z on cash waqf is classified as quite good. Efforts taken in increasing the understanding of Generation Z towards cash waqf in Pekanbaru City can be done in various ways including increasing literacy of cash waqf in Generation Z through educational activities, socialization activities through media that can be accessed easily, utilizing QRIS as a means of cash waqf, and attracting interest in waqf using the services of influencers.
LHD ICH-ICE2 #929067.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High-frequency Magnetic Probe to measure high-frequency waves, e.g. waves excited by ICRF antennas or waves excited by high-energy particles. Probe head is one-turn loop with Faraday shield. Two loops are paired with different turn direction. Frequency range: approximately 10 kHz - 1 GHz. Loop size: 15 cm x 15 cm.
NIMG-25. RADIOMIC PROFILING MAPS AREAS OF PATHOLOGICALLY CONFIRMED TUMOR AND PREDICTS OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PRE-TREATMENT GLIOBLASTOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Quantifying tumor heterogeneity in glioblastoma (GBM) plays a critical role in diagnosis as well as therapy design. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify and differentiate heterogeneous GBM characteristics such as hypercellularity, necrosis, and treatment effects. This study involves encoding four different types of MRI contrasts to produce a single radiomic image and quantify both inter and intra tumor heterogeneity. We hypothesized that patient prognosis can be predicted by the volume and location of specific radiomic profiles (RP) prior to therapy. Initial imaging data from 82 patients pre-treatment was retrospectively analyzed for this experiment. This included T1 (pre and post Gd contrast), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The volume of each RP was assessed on a patient by patient basis within the T1 enhancement and FLAIR hyperintensity. These values were normalized by tumor size to correct for known relationships between tumor size and prognosis. We first performed an exploratory analysis correlating RP volume to patient survival. A log-rank test with an iterative threshold was performed to determine what RP volume cutoff best predicted prognosis. The final pre-mortem imaging was analyzed similarly in three additional autopsied patients. Tissue samples were obtained from RPs that correlated with survival in the larger group. After correction for multiple comparisons, six RPs were significantly correlated with overall survival: three within contrast enhancement and three within FLAIR hyperintensity. Regions of pseudopalisading necrosis and hypercellular tumor were found in the areas indicated by these RPs. We present a pathologically-validated method for generating MRI-based radiomic profiles correlated with overall survival in patients with glioblastoma. These predictive profiles were generated prior to treatment, indicating potential as a precision medicine tool.
Growth performance and toxic response of broilersfed diets containing fermented or unfermented cottonseed meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Blackwelder J.T., Hopkins B.A., Diaz D.E., Whitlow L.W., Brownie C., 1998. Milk production and plasma gossypol of cows fed cottonseed and oilseed meals with or without rumen-undegradable protein. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 2934–2941, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0... CrossRef Google Scholar
Development of the head and trunk mesoderm in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame: II. Comparison of gene expression between the head mesoderm and somites with reference to the origin of the vertebrate head

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The vertebrate mesoderm differs distinctly between the head and trunk, and the evolutionary origin of the head mesoderm remains enigmatic. Although the presence of somite‐like segmentation in the head mesoderm of model animals is generally denied at molecular developmental levels, the appearance of head cavities in elasmobranch embryos has not been explained, and the possibility that they may represent vestigial head somites once present in an amphioxus‐like ancestor has not been ruled out entirely. To examine whether the head cavities in the shark embryo exhibit any molecular signatures reminiscent of trunk somites, we isolated several developmentally key genes, including Pax1 , Pax3 , Pax7 , Pax9 , Myf5 , Sonic hedgehog , and Patched2 , which are involved in myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in somites, and Pitx2 , Tbx1 , and Engrailed2 , which are related to the patterning of the head mesoderm, from an elasmobranch species, Scyliorhinus torazame . Observation of the expression patterns of these genes revealed that most were expressed in patterns that resembled those found in amniote embryos. In addition, the head cavities did not exhibit an overt similarity to somites; that is, the similarity was no greater than that of the unsegmented head mesoderm in other vertebrates. Moreover, the shark head mesoderm showed an amniote‐like somatic/visceral distinction according to the expression of Pitx2 , Tbx1 , and Engrailed2 . We conclude that the head cavities do not represent a manifestation of ancestral head somites; rather, they are more likely to represent a derived trait obtained in the lineage of gnathostomes.