jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The protected areas: are they still in the ‘pleasure periphery’ or are they destinations for sustainable tourism activities?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The protected natural areas play an important role in recreation. This paper discusses the issue of recreational activities in these areas. The National Park and Protected Landscape Areas in the southern part of the Czech Republic were selected for the purposes of illustration. It has been revealed that relaxation is the most important activity among tourists in the large-area protected natural territories, according to a recent survey of 1,500 participants. Entertainment is the second most important activity. Recreational sport activities (such as swimming, tennis, etc.) are respectively in the third and fourth places. We can talk about the large-area protected natural reservations as destinations for “nature-based tourism”, whose prerequisite is the existence of a pristine natural environment, which is primarily bound to protected natural areas in today’s world, and it is not for sustainable tourism. According to the participation in recreation activities, four segments of demand have been identified in visits to these large-area protected natural territories: (1) passive visitors, (2) visitors focused on exploring but not participating in any physical activity, (3) active visitors with a dominant interest in bicycle touring, and (4) active visitors with a dominant interest in history.
Photodynamic therapy and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: current achievements and development prospects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a high-technology actively developing treatment method used in clinical medicine. An interest in this method is primarily due to the fact that its destructive action is based on the mechanisms of free radical oxidation, altered tumor vascular stroma and immune cell-mediated elimination. Owing to current research, improving the quality of photosensitizers and light sources, it becomes possible to expand indications for using this method beyond oncological practice. Generalized data on PDT effectiveness and safety for the treatment of cervical lesions, as well as the ease to use, allow us to attribute this technique to some promising approaches.
Challenges on Improved Life Spans in India—the Actuarial Implications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

published review. Permission is also granted to make limited numbers of copies of items in this monograph for personal, internal, classroom or other instructional use, on condition that the foregoing copyright notice is used so as to give reasonable notice of the Society&apos;s copyright. This consent for free limited copying without prior consent of the Society does not extend to making copies for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for inclusion in new collective works or for resale. 2 Life spans in India have been increasing for six decades, and now the change is noticeable. While this has challenged India, it has also led to many business opportunities. Noticing the challenge India, endeavoured on liberalization to arrive at an optimal solution. This was a planned move, and India experienced unprecedented economic growth in the past decade. This paper attempts to analyze the implications of this scenario, as set out in the synopsis. Every effort is taken to stick to the synopsis and digressions, if any, are only to sustain the flow. All currency is mentioned in U.S. dollars (converted at: 1 US $ = 40 Indian Rupees) for facility. The
A Genetic Study on Lifetime Traits for Experimental Herds of Friesian Cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study analyzed data from 5,518 lactations involving 1,749 Friesian cows raised in two experimental herds between 1992 and 2022. The study aim was to estimate the genetic parameters for longevity traits using a multiple-trait animal model, including age at first calving (AFC), lifetime (LT), lifetime days in milk (LTDIM), total lactations (TL) and lifetime milk yield (LTMY). On average, cows lived for 80.4 months, with 41% of their lifetime spent in milk production. They averaged 3.2 lactations, starting at 32.7 months. Heritability estimates for longevity traits were 0.09 to 0.12 suggesting limited direct selection potential. Strong genetic and phenotypic correlations (0.88–0.96) were observed between lifespan traits and total milk production. Similar correlations were found between partial lifetime milk yield traits for the first three lactations and total lifetime milk yield (0.44 to 0.97). Genetic correlations between lifetime traits were consistently high (0.88 to 0.99), mirroring phenotypic correlations. Notably, heritability estimates for partial performance traits increased with more lactations considered, and correlations between partial and lifetime traits were improved with additional data. These findings suggest the feasibility of early indirect selection for longevity through correlated responses in early performance traits, particularly early lactation milk production, to enhance overall lifetime productivity.
Advancing Healthcare Iot Security: Federated Learning and the Fedavg Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Anomaly detection emerges as a crucial challenge in cybersecurity, particularly within the healthcare sector where the integration of open data is expanding rapidly. The recent surge in Internet of Things (IoT) device usage in healthcare has transformed patient care and monitoring. However, this growth also introduces significant security risks to patient data and the integrity of medical networks. Traditional intrusion detection systems are, in most cases, ineffective in IoT environments, which display dynamism and distribution characteristic. In response, this paper proposes a novel intrusion detection system using an innovative Federated Learning approach with the FedAvg Transformer model, aimed at healthcare IoT devices and networks. This system leverages the collective intelligence of edge devices while ensuring data privacy, thereby bolstering the security of health- care infrastructures. The design, implementation, and efficacy of this system in mitigating a broad spectrum of security threats are also detailed.
Matrimonial Alliances and the Transmission of Dynastic Power in Kurdistan: The Case of the Diyādīnids of Bidlīs in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Diyādīnids of Bidlīs, one of the important Kurdish principalities of the early modern period (fourteenth to seventeenth centuries), have constantly claimed a central role in the political powers of Kurdistan. This article will explore the ways in which the Diyādīnid’s matrimonial alliances helped bolster that claim and otherwise secure and enhance the political standing of the dynasty.
Rundle Lantern in miniature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Rundle Lantern is a central fixture of the Adelaide CBD; a full color display four stories high, spanning two sides of a building. This paper describes our approach to rapid prototyping interactive content for use on the Rundle Lantern. We have created a physical small scale model of the Lantern, and employed spatial augmented reality to project content onto the mockup at the same resolution of the Lantern, to produce a similar appearance as the real Lantern. We developed an application to automatically quantize the pixelation of images to match the Rundle Lantern's relatively low pixel resolution. This approach allows new content to easily be developed and prototyped on a non-planar display with the same spatial proportions as the real Lantern; albeit on a much smaller scale. The prototype system is combined with software for the Apple iPhone so that interactive content can be developed. We have used our system to develop new visual content and several multiplayer games suitable for use on the Rundle Lantern.
VASOVASOSTOMY IN THE CONVOLUTED VAS DEFERENS: INDICATIONS AND OUTCOMES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vasovasostomy in the CVV is a technically more difficult procedure than standard VV. Nevertheless, postoperative results are typically comparable to those obtained via VV and superior to those of epididymovasostomy in many cases. Therefore, we recommend CVV using the same indications as for standard VV in the straight portion of the vas deferens. However, consideration for epididymovasostomy should be given when no sperm are seen in the vasal fluid intraoperatively.
Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Sdn Sukorejo 01, Kecamatan Sukowono, Kabupaten Jember

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human resource development and coaching is a training devoted toeducators and education personnel in schools. This is done for the needs of theinstitution, group or individual itself. This research aims to find out how thedevelopment and coaching of human resources at SDN Sukorejo 01. The methodused in this research is atype of qualitative research involving direct observationand interviews with principals and teachers. Based on the data obtained, it showsthat the development and coaching of human resources at the school is carried outthrough several efforts, namely attending training, seminars and socialization.However, there are several obstacles faced by this school, one of which is that theindependent curriculum makes students have many activities so that teachers donot have time to attend training because they participate and help students incarrying out activities in the independent curriculum and lack of understanding ofcurrent digital technology. The results of this study are expected to contribute andillustrate the practice of coaching and developing the resources of educators andeducation personnel, especially in the Jember area.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of the Tire Contact Problem

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tires are made of rubber composites which normally consist of several plies. Each ply consists of a thin layer of rubber matrix and a family of unidirectional steel or polyester cords for reinforcement. Such tire structures enable tires to endure severe road condition, but cause separation of reinforced layers due to stress concentration between plies. Since the separation of reinforced layers not only shortens the life of tires but results in an unexpected accident, the stress analysis of reinforced tires is indispensable for the tire design. \nThe stress analysis of reinforced tires is usually performed by finite element methods in which material properties of each element should be carefully considered and determined. The material properties of reinforced layers or other composite parts have been determined by several well-known equations for composite materials, such as Halpin-Tsai equations, Gough-Tangorra equations, and Akasaka-Hirano equations. However, such equations do not have the bending effect of reinforced cords during deformation under consideration. As a result, the stress analysis with such equations often fails in describing realistic stress state of tires since tires are constructed as a shell-like structure in which the bending effect is sometimes dominant. \nIn this paper, the equations for the material properties of each part of tires are developed for application to finite element methods. The equations take the bending effect of reinforced cords into consideration, laying emphasis on the bending effect during shear deformation of elements. A finite element formulation is then derived from the equilibrium eqations by the principle of virtual work. \nAn updated Lagrangian formulation is derived for incremental analysis with respect to the updated reference coordinates. Then, a contact formulation is added to the finite element formulation to calculate the stress state of tires in contact with flat rigid road under the load due to the self-weight of a vehicle. \nThe finite element code developed produces interesting results for the stress state in the cross section of inflated tires and tires in contact with road. The results with the pro-posed constitutive equations show the stress concentration around the reinforced layers, while others not. Various stress state of tires in con-tact with road versus different loads and reinforced belt angles in presented. Also, the corresponding contact pressure between tires and road is plotted. Finally, discussion and comment on the methods and result is given.
In vitro antibacterial activities of eleven antibiotics against S. faecalis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The in vitro antibacterial activities of penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against 198 S. faecalis strains were investigated, employing an agar dilution technique. Results were generally in accord with those of other studies. Ampicillin and penicillin showed equal activities. Twenty percent of the strains were resistant to erythromycin, which correlated with resistance to clindamycin. The activity of cefotaxime was fairly good, but the clinical importance of this observation warrants further investigation. Twenty percent showed high-level resistance to streptomycin. High-grade resistance to gentamicin was noted for one isolate only, making gentamicin the first-choice aminoglycoside for combination treatment at present.
Late Miocene transcurrent tectonics in NW Turkey: evidence from palaeomagnetism and 40Ar–39Ar dating of alkaline volcanic rocks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A number of intra-continental alkaline volcanic sequences in NW Turkey were emplaced along localized extensional gaps within dextral strike-slip fault zones prior to the initiation of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. This study presents new palaeomagnetic and 40 Ar– 39 Ar geochronological results from the lava flows of NW Turkey as a contribution towards understanding the Neogene–Quaternary tectonic evolution of the region and possible roles of block rotations in the kinematic history of the region. 40 Ar– 39 Ar analyses of basalt groundmass indicate that the major volume of alkaline lavas of NW Turkey spans about 4 million years of episodic volcanic activity. Palaeomagnetic results reveal clockwise rotations as high as 73° in Thrace and 33° anticlockwise rotations in the Biga Peninsula. Movement of some of the faults delimiting the areas of lava flows and the timing of volcanic eruptions are both older than the initiation age of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, implying that the region experienced transcurrent tectonics during Late Miocene to Pliocene times and that some of the presently active faults in the region are reactivated pre-existing structures.
Micro-optics assembly for fast axis collimation by means of convolutional neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The manufacture of high-power diode laser systems highly depends on the quality of the collimation of semiconductor laser diodes. The collimation process is conducted by precise alignment of micro-optics, where the first and the most critical step is the placement of the fast axis collimator (FAC) lens. The sub-micron positioning of the FAC lens is conventionally conducted with an active alignment strategy by monitoring changes in the laser beam profile with an external sensitive camera. The optimization of the beam profile characteristics is controlled by a specifically programmed motorized robotic aligner. However, active alignment, a very accurate method, often results in a higher cycle time than the passive approach, where the lens is placed in a pre-measured position. Here, we developed a new active approach, without closed loop control to position the micro-optics, that relies on the use of a pretrained convolutional network (CNN). We trained and evaluated three CNNs that can predict the optimal lens position using the single camera image of the laser beam. We predict that implementation of the best performing CNN-based model would lead to a decrease in alignment time from tens of seconds to hundreds of milliseconds and will be broadly applied in a high-volume manufacturing environment.
Large-Amplitude Degenerate Pressure-Driven Nucleus–Acoustic Solitons in Multicomponent Warm Degenerate Quantum Plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A multicomponent degenerate quantum plasma comprising nondegenerate warm light ion species, inertial heavy-ion species, and relativistically degenerate electrons are considered to study the large-amplitude degenerate pressure-driven nucleus–acoustic solitary waves (NASWs). Sagdeev’s pseudopotential approach has been adopted for the energy balance equation of large-amplitude NASWs, and the Mach number domain $({M_{l} \le M\le M_{h}})$ is determined numerically in various plasma parameters. It is seen that only compressive (positive pulse) solitary waves can exist in the present plasma system. The effect of different plasma parameters such as the ratio of light-ion species to heavy-ion species number density ( $f$ ), degenerate electron density ( $k$ ), relativistic factor ( $\gamma$ ), temperature ratio ( $\sigma$ ), and Mach number ( $M$ ) on the characteristic of solitary waves is studied. The corresponding phase trajectory is also drawn for the solitons in the existence domain of the Mach number. Our result may be helpful to understand the basic characteristics of nonlinear solitary waves propagating in an astrophysical object such as white dwarfs and neutrons stars.
Michigan DWI/Sobriety Court Ignition Interlock Evaluation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report was commissioned by the Michigan Association of Treatment Court Professionals (MATCP) in cooperation with the State Court Administrative Office (SCAO). Its purpose is to provide the legislature, the Secretary of State, and the Michigan Supreme Court documentation related to program participants’ compliance with court ordered conditions, their progress through the driving while impaired (DWI)/Sobriety Court program, and the outcome(s) of being placed on ignition interlock restrictions. This document is the fourth annual report: it provides the reader with an overview of issues pertaining to ignition interlock programs in Michigan for the period 2011-2014. It also summarizes the study design, provides a description of the data, analyzes the operation and effectiveness of the DWI/Sobriety Court ignition interlock program, and discusses data validation, innovative practices, obstacles, and lessons learned from the four year study. This report is directed toward legislators, court administrators and other criminal justice practitioners who are interested in the use of ignition interlock devices within DWI/Sobriety Court as a means of controlling and reducing drunk driving recidivism in the state of Michigan. Section 1 provides the reader with supplemental information regarding the use of interlocks to monitor and control offenders beyond the issues discussed in the 2012 - 2014 reports. Following this review, Sections 2 and 3 provide the methods and findings of the 2015 Ignition Interlock Program in Michigan. Finally, Section 4 provides the reader with general conclusions, and a summary of the first four years of the program.
Underclass Theories

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Underclass theories attempt to identify, locate, and analyze the poorest people in society. Social scientists and journalists have traditionally used the term “underclass” to describe concentrations of impoverished racialized populations living in urban areas. This type of poverty is cyclical, and takes place in the absence of social mobility. Scholarly views on the underclass fall into two categories. The structural school of thought frames the underclass as victims of economic changes caused by globalization, while the behavioral school blames poverty on the poor themselves, focusing on antisocial behaviors and flawed cultural ideas and practices. In the mid‐ to late twentieth century behavioral variations of underclass theories have been very influential in US and UK policy circles, facilitating what is commonly referred to as the retrenchment of the welfare state.
The Evolution of the Immigration Debate: Evidence from a New Dataset of Party Positions Over the Last Half-Century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Immigration is one of the most contentious issues across contemporary democracies, but this has not always been the case. What accounts for this development? We study how immigration has evolved in the political debate in Western Europe over five decades by creating and analyzing a comprehensive new data set—Immigration in Party Manifestos (IPM)—of all immigration-related appeals made in preelection manifestos by major parties. Our account focuses on three central debates. First, contra to perceived wisdom, we find no evidence of polarization between left and right. Instead, we document a striking co-movement. Second, we find only modest support for the argument that the success of anti-immigrant parties significantly shapes how centrist parties position themselves on immigration. Finally, our evidence counters the claim that cultural issues have overtaken the debate over immigration. Although the prominence of immigration-related cultural appeals has increased in certain countries and elections, the economic dimension has remained prevalent.
Frequency of Birth Defects in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Birth defects usually present at birth and may cause morbidity and mortality in the newborn. These defects may involve any organ system of the body. Gradually the incidence is rising due to various etiologies. The objective of the study was to find out the frequency, types and etiology of birth defects. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. In this study, 100 neonates with birth defects were enrolled, thoroughly examined, investigated and evaluated. Then collected data were analyzed. Results: The frequency of birth defects in this study was 1.54%. The most frequent birth defect was club foot deformity i.e. 11% and the most frequently involved organ system was cardiovascular system i.e. 28%. Among the birth defects 78% were major and only 22% were minor. Among those children with birth defect mortality was 17%; 41% were referred to advanced center and 42% were improved and discharged. In some of the cases with birth defect chromosomal anomaly, congenital infection (TORCH), maternal diabetes was found as causing factor. Conclusion: The frequency of birth defects was found 1.54% and most of the birth defects were major defect. Club foot deformity was found as the most common birth defect. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :8-12
A Contemporary History of Suicide Bombing: A Sociological Approach to 9/11

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I argue in this paper that the 9/11 phenomenon was not individual problem, but a problem of larger social issues. In the introduction of this paper, I clarify the above statement by Peter Berger in light of C. Wright Mills’ idea of the sociological imagination. Having clarified this, I discuss the behavior of the 9/11 hijackers in light of conflict and functionalist-oriented paradigms.