jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inferences on Kernel Density Estimates by Solving Nonlinear Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Kernel density estimators are a popular family of non-parametric estimators with applications to exploratory statistics and data mining. Since kernel estimators must be constructed from the data, if the data are sensitive, only indirect representations of the estimate, such as graphs or tabulations, can be stored or transmitted. However, even such representations might contain enough information to allow for data reconstruction, yielding an inference problem for kernel estimates. The inference problem for kernel estimators can be described by a system of nonlinear equations that arises naturally from the kernel estimate of a multi-variate dataset. The solution to the system is the set of data from which the kernel estimate was computed and, in practice a good approximation to the solution is not available. A serious threat to data privacy is posed by publicly available solvers for nonlinear systems. This paper investigates the numerical solution of the nonlinear systems arising from the kernel estimate of a multivariate dataset and shows that this task is challenging. In fact, the Jacobian matrix of the system is numerically singular and a large number of solvers for nonlinear equations fails as they have to solve linear systems whose coefficient matrix is given by the Jacobian. Further, up to date solvers for optimization problems that do not suffer from this drawback may fail to solve the non-linear system. To show this fact, we tested a subspace trust-region method, a BFGS method and a gradient projection method on both a synthetic and a real dataset. These methods are able to find a solution to the optimization problem even starting far from it. However, the experimental results on both the synthetic and the real dataset show that, if the initial guess is not very close to the solution, all three methods fail to converge to a solution of the system of equations. Then, unless a very good approximation of the solution is known, the dataset cannot be reconstructed by using publicly available solvers.
Loss Of Insulin‐like Growth Factor 1 Receptor In Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Increased Mirna‐221 And ‐222 In Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a 2 to 4 times higher risk of a heart attack or stroke. This increased risk of heart attacks and strokes results from an accelerated development of atherosclerotic plaques. During atherosclerotic plaque development, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferate and migrate leading to thickening of the intima of the arterial walls. This process is accelerated in diabetic patients by increase in two miRNAs, miR‐221 and ‐222. These miRNAs are sensitive to changes in insulin receptor (IR) signaling. Under normal conditions, most of IR subunits are bound to insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGFR) subunits forming heterodimers, which largely function as IGFR homodimers. A loss of IGFR thus promotes increased IR homodimers and an increase in insulin signaling. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of loss of IGFR on miR‐221 and ‐222 expression in VSMCs. We hypothesize that the loss of IGFR coupled with physiological insulin stimulation promotes increased expression of miR‐221/‐222, which will in turn promote increased VSMC proliferation and migration. IGFR expression was measured in human atherosclerotic plaque samples from diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients. The effects of insulin stimulation coupled with the absence of IGFR was modeled with VSMCs isolated from an VSMC‐specific IGFR knockout mouse. Our data demonstrates that arteries from diabetic subjects exhibit a 5.5‐fold loss of the insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGFR‐1). Murine vascular smooth muscle cells lacking IGFR exhibit a dose‐dependent increase in miR‐221/222 in response to physiological insulin stimulation. We conclude that loss of IGFR, likely increasing IR holoreceptors, alters insulin signaling to promote increased miR‐221/222 in response to physiological insulin. These data provide support for the loss of IGFR as an initiator of the increase in intimal thickening seen in type 2 diabetes associated with miR‐221/222.
Data Supplement from The Combination of Circulating Ang1 and Tie2 Levels Predicts Progression-Free Survival Advantage in Bevacizumab-Treated Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table S1: Spearman correlations (rho) between biomarkers; Supplementary Table S2: Pre-chemotherapy/bevacizumab concentrations of individual angiogenesis associated factors; Supplementary Table S3: comparisons between biomarker parameters by treatment Arm; Supplementary Table S4: comparisons between biomarker parameters by time since surgery; Supplementary Table S5: Validation of the identified biomarkers in the training dataset using bootstrap resampling technique; Supplementary Table S6: Tumour response by Ang1/Tie2 combination categories by treatment in the training set; Supplementary Table S7: Cox proportional hazard models confirming Ang1 and Tie2 as a joint biomarker in the validation dataset (N = 114)</p>
Implant Radiation Therapy for Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An increasing number of five-year survivals following radical surgical treatment of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas are appearing in the literature,1so that serious consideration must be given to this form of treatment in favorable cases. However, unfavorable or technically inoperable cases probably still constitute the majority of carcinomas in this region as they are encountered clinically, and for this group of cases we must seek other forms of therapy. Treatment in these cases has been limited for the most part to bypass operations to remove obstruction. Radiation therapy for these inoperable tumors has been attempted with some success where local implant therapy was used with radium or radon, with or without external irradiation.2There are, however, certain severe limitations in this approach in that the radioactive sources must be available at the time of operation, the operator must accept substantial radiation exposure during the procedure, and the
Opportunities for mate choice in the fission‐performing ant Cataglyphis cursor

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Sexual selection has been little studied in social insects. Nonetheless, because mating is generally for life, opportunities for selecting among mating partners should be exploited. 2. In some ants, males aggregate at nest entrances to mate with emerging gynes. Both males and females thus have access to multiple mates over a relatively protracted period, giving rise to opportunities for mate choice and multiple mating. 3. We provide data from field observations of the male mating biology of the ant, Cataglyphis cursor Fonscolombe. In this species, females mate with, on average, six males each at the nest entrance and found colonies with the help of workers. 4. Males were present at the field site for approximately 1 month in spring, with up to 40 males at a single nest entrance for, on average, 4.7 days. Individual males were observed to survive up to 3 days, and mate up to eight times. 5. Thus both males and females of this species have the ability to mate multiply and have a window permitting mate choice to occur. Workers actively attacked males and may take part in the mate choice process, making C. cursor an interesting model to study questions relating to sexual selection and male mating strategies.
Quality of the available food in school buffets: A study performed in Health Promoting Schools (HPS) and "normal" schools of the Council of Braga

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Um factor que influencia decisivamente o estado de saúde das populações, em todas as fases do seu ciclo de vida, é a alimentação. Torna-se por isso decisivo promover uma alimentação saudável e uma Educa-ção Alimentar ao longo da vida. A educação alimentar começa no seio da família, continua na escola e deve prosseguir ao longo da vida. A promoção de uma alimentação saudável e a Educação Alimentar na escola, deve seguir o modelo das Escolas Promotoras de Saúde (EPS). Isto implica que, para além do tema da alimentação ser abordado curricularmente, a escola tem o dever de proporcionar alimentos saudáveis, nas cantinas e bufetes esco-lares, por um lado para proporcionar oportunidades para os alunos se alimentarem correctamente e por outro para reforçar os conceitos que são aprendidos nas aulas. Para analisar o que se passa nas escolas, no que respeita à Educação Alimentar, realizou-se um estudo, cujo objectivo consistiu em determinar a qualidade dos alimentos fornecidos nos bufetes escolares e nas máquinas de venda automática, e verificar se as EPS de Braga estão a cumprir com a sua obrigação de criar um ambiente alimentar saudável. Para este propósito analisou-se a composição dos produtos ali-mentares existentes no bufete e nas máquinas fornecedoras destes produtos, em quatro escolas E.B. 2 e 3 do Concelho de Braga (duas escolas integradas na Rede Nacional de Escolas Promotoras de Saúde – RNEPS - e duas que não aderiram à RNEPS).Os resultados do estudo mostraram que apenas 9 % dos produtos alimentares presentes nos bufetes esco-lares são desejáveis (D), 17% são considerados aceitáveis (A) e 74% são classificados como não desejáveis (ND). Ao compararmos as EPS com a EnPS verificamos que, ao nível dos produtos D, existem valores muito próximos; nos produtos A as EPS têm 15 produtos e as EnPS têm 32; já nos produtos ND as EPS possuem 80 e as EnPS 122. Do conjunto de dados disponíveis pode concluir-se que as EnPS são as escolas que têm mais produtos ND. Dos produtos existentes nas máquinas fornecedoras de alimentos, o único produto considerado desejável é a água.
Decreased Incidence of Readmission in First Episode Psychosis in Treatment with Long – Acting Injectable Antipsychotics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Some studies have shown that more than 40% of patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) are nonadherent and treatment with long – acting antipsychotics (LAIs) could increase their compliance. However, studies on efficacy of LAIs versus oral antipsychotics for preventing relapse among schizophrenia patients have produced conflicting results. With this study we want to asses if patients with FEP in treatment with LAIs have a decreased incidence of readmission compared with patients in treatment with oral antipsychotics over 6 month follow – up. 188 FEP patients were consecutively admitted to Hospital del Mar since January 2008 to September 2014. The included evaluation was, among others: sociodemographic data, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), diagnosis, substance use and clinical data at baseline. Later, antipsychotic treatment and number of admissions and of emergencies over 6 months were also recorded. We studied difference sin readmission, number of emergencies between patients on LAI and oral treatment. We found a significative decreased incidence of readmission (p=0,000) and a lower number of emergencies (p=0,017) in the group of FEP patients treated with LAIs versus the group treated with oral antipsychotics. In our sample, treatment with LAIs is associated with a reduced readmission rate and a lower number of emergencies in patients with FEP. This finding are agree with the results of other studies that show a significantly reduced relapse and a lowest risk of rehospitalization in FEP patients treated with LAIs.
Embodying Glamour During the Golden-age of Hollywood: A Critical Analysis of Beauty Practice Marketing, 1920-1938

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Beauty has always been a marketable and lucrative entity and the focus of discussion across many disciplines such as fashion studies, film studies, marketing, and cultural studies. This major research project examines the dynamic relationship between the Hollywood film industry, the cosmetic industry, star/spectator theory, and concepts surrounding advertising and consumption during the Golden age of Hollywood with specific emphasis on the 1920s and 1930s. Fashion studies enabled me to centre the body, highlighting notions of embodiment in beauty practice marketing through a critical literature review and a visual analysis of Max Factor advertisements in Photoplay magazine between the years 1930-1938. I examine how fan magazines were an ideal medium to house cosmetic advertisements which in tandem contributed to the dissemination and embodiment of beauty practices; five thematic tropes were identified across the ‘Society Makeup’ advertisements analyzed which work, alongside the identified relationships, to communicate embodiment glamour.
An Architecture-Based Weight Estimation Method for Aircraft Fuel Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of hybrid-electric propulsion technologies for aircraft is believed to be a stepping stone for the aerospace industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve 50% of the levels of 2005 by the year 2050. However, the introduction of batteries and power electronics significantly impacts the weight and size of new aircraft concepts that integrate these propulsion units. The traditional design techniques need to be adapted to account for this added weight and allow a more rapid evaluation and comparison between concepts and trade-off studies. New models and methods need to be developed to perform these concept studies in a multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimization (MDAO) environment, to estimate the size, weight, and performance of non-conventional aircraft. This thesis proposes one such tool, focusing on the aircraft fuel system. The methodology to develop the tool is based on analyzing typical fuel system architectures across a wide range of conventional aircraft and how this approach can be adapted for hybrid-electric propulsion applications. This thesis breaks the system into four major groups (engine fuel feed, fuel transfer, fuel quantity & indicating, and tank venting) and how the weight of each can be estimated from existing component data. For conventional modern turboprop regional aircraft such as the ATR42, the methodology predicts the system weight within 10% of published data. The increased detail built into the tool implementation allows analysis of the variation in system weight arising from major changes to the fuel system architecture encountered in hybrid-electric aircraft. Two case studies of hybrid-electric variants of existing aircraft (the Dornier 228 and ATR42) are investigated to demonstrate the application of the tool. These studies also compare the estimated weight of the fuel system in the hybrid-electric aircraft architecture to that of the conventional propulsion variant, highlighting a reduction in system mass by approximately 10 to 15% relative to the conventional fuel system mass. Limitations and possible improvements of the proposed tool are also discussed. In summary, this thesis contributes to developing the design tool required for sizing the fuel system in conventional and hybrid-electric aircraft.
Assessment of a Low-Power 65 nm CMOS Technology for Analog Front-End Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work is concerned with the study of the analog properties of MOSFET devices belonging to a 65 nm CMOS technology with emphasis on intrinsic voltage gain and noise performance. This node appears to be a robust and promising solution to cope with the unprecedented requirements set by silicon vertex trackers in experiments upgrades and future colliders as well as by imaging detectors at light sources and free electron lasers. In this scaled-down technology, the impact of new dielectric materials and processing techniques on the analog behavior of MOSFETs has to be carefully evaluated. An inversion level design methodology has been adopted to analyze data obtained from device measurements and provide a powerful tool to establish design criteria for detector front-ends in this nanoscale CMOS process. A comparison with data coming from less scaled technologies, such as 90 nm and 130 nm nodes, is also provided and can be used to evaluate the resolution limits achievable for low-noise charge sensitive amplifiers in the 100 nm minimum feature size range.
Resynthesizing facial animation through 3D model-based tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given video footage of a person's face, we present new techniques to automatically recover the face position and the facial expression from each frame in the video sequence. A 3D face model is fitted to each frame using a continuous optimization technique. Our model is based on a set of 3D face models that are linearly combined using 3D morphing. Our method has the advantages over previous techniques of fitting directly a realistic 3-dimensional face model and of recovering parameters that can be used directly in an animation system. We also explore many applications, including performance-driven animation (applying the recovered position and expression of the face to a synthetic character to produce an animation that mimics the input video), relighting the face, varying the camera position, and adding facial ornaments such as tattoos and scars.
Guidelines for the verification and validation of expert system software and conventional software: Volume 4, Evaluation of knowledge base certification methods. Final report

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective is the formulation of guidelines for the VV the value lies in the capability to provide empirical evidence for or against the effectiveness of plausible methods in helping people find problems in knowledge bases. The three-day experiment included 20 participants from three nuclear utilities, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission`s Technical training Center, University of Maryland, EG&G Idaho, and SAIC. The study used two real nuclear expert systems: a boiling water reactor emergency operating procedures tracking system and a pressurized water reactor safety assessment systems. Ten participants were assigned to each of the expert systems. All participants were trained in and then used a sequence of four different V&V methods selected as being the best and most appropriate. These methods either involved the analysis and tracing of requirements to elements in the knowledge base or direct inspection of the knowledge base for various kinds of errors. Half of the subjects within each system groupmore » used the best annual variant of the V&V methods (the control group), while the other half were supported by the results of applying real or simulated automated tools to the knowledge bases (the experimental group). The four groups of participants were similar in nuclear engineering and software experience characteristics. It is concluded that the use of tools in static knowledge base certification results in significant improvement in detecting all types of defects, avoiding false alarms, and completing the effort in less time. The simulated knowledge-checking tool, based on supplemental engineering information about the systems, was the most effective.« less
The Struggle was Real: The Journey - and Truth - of Founding a Charter School in Hawai‘i

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Starting a public charter school in Hawai‘i is a serious endeavor that requires time, energy, resources, people, partnerships, support, and luck. This dissertation is an autoethnography of the author, Alex Teece, who is the founding school leader for DreamHouse ‘Ewa Beach Public Charter School in the community of ‘Ewa, on the island of O‘ahu, and islands of Hawai‘i. The autoethnography studies the journey, struggles, failures, and experience of beginning a public charter school in the Hawaiian Islands. The journey is eventually broken out into two main categories - the how and the why of starting a school. Analysis is conducted on over seven years of thousands of artifacts and sets of data that inform findings and eventual recommendations for those considering beginning a school, or simply interested in the journey that one might embark upon.
Development of optical sensor for water in acetonitrile based on propeller-structured BODIPY-type pyridine–boron trifluoride complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Propeller-structured 3,5,8-trithienyl-BODIPY-type pyridine–boron trifluoride complex, ST-3-BF3, has been developed as an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-type optical sensor for the detection of a trace amount of water in acetonitrile.
PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY IN WORKS OF VISUAL ART OF BALINESE CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Human problems are faced faced by Indonesian contemporary visual artists. However, the most typical are the problems faced by contemporary women visual artists, including those faced by Balinese contemporary women visual artists. Other than social problems, their personal problems also arise as women visual artists amidst patriarchal cultural construction. Balinese contemporary women visual artists, like Indonesian contemporary visual artists, are facing social problems and their personal problems as women. But, Balinese contemporary women visual artists also face very strong patriarchal (purusa) cultural ideology. This study aimed at revealing and describing the form of the subject matter of woman’s body as an expression of opposition in the works of visual art of the Balinese contemporary women visual artists; revealing and describing ideologies that operate behind the sexual representation of the Balinese contemporary women visual artists and revealing and describing the contestation of meaning in the ideological sexual representation of Balinese contemporary women visual artists. This study using interpretive qualitative method produced, first, works of Balinese contemporary women artists which have traditional visual elements comprising contour, repetition, rythm, dialect. The works of Balinese contemporary women visual artists also have modern visual elements comprising spatial awareness,distortion, stylization, material character, unity, and personal identity. In addition, the works of Balinese contemporary women artists also have post-modern visual elements of trans-aesthetics, dialogism, and disorder. Secondly, the ideologies that operate behind the works of Balinese contemporary visual artists can be classified into three ideologies based on the forms and contents of the works of art. The ideologies are patriarchal ideology that is related to the theme of superiority,phallus symbol, and weak group; feminism ideology that is related to the theme of subordination, equality, and subjectivity construction, and aesthetical ideology concerning with style, which is related to the classification of styles based on time, place, form, technique, and subjject matter. Third, meanings which can be developed from Balinese contemporary women visual artists are the meaning of domestic body and the meaning of open body in the sexual representation of Balinese contemporary women artists. The meaning of domestic body is found in the works of Cok Mas Asiti, Ni Nyoman Sani, and Sutrisni. Sani while the meaning of open body in the works of IGK Murniasih and Nia Kurniati Andika.