jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Peripheral Vision in the Perception of Movement

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Certain significant differences have been shown to occur in the character of the optokinetic response of a subject gazing actively and passively at a moving striped drum which suggest that different nervous mechanisms subserve each. Image motion across the retina appears to be the stimulus inducing the passive variety and is moreover largely responsible for the illusory sensations of self rotation. This same mechanism may be invoked by way of explanation of the phenomenon of reversed optokinetic nystagmus. The occurrence of this phenomenon in patients with non congenital as well as congenital nystagmus lends support to this explanation. Eye movements induced in the normal eye of subjects with unilateral ophthalmoplegia following stimulation of the paretic eye provide additional support for the contention that peripheral vision contributes to the control of normal ocular movements.
Lower-Level Teleology in Biological Evolution: Decision Behavior and Reproductive Success in Two Species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A very special form of selection mechanics is explored, through which individuals belonging to species exhibiting some considerable cognitive sophistication key their behavior to outcomes that are directly germane to evolutionary micro-process (blind genetic variation-and-selective-retention), and make realistic decisions that enhance their own reproductive success. While both chimpanzees and nonliterate humans may modify their political behavior to promote individual survival, humans also meddle in evolutionary process in more sophisticated ways. They deliberately increase or suppress their own procreation, and they apply what they have learned about genetic inheritance from domesticating plants and animals to their own mate selection decisions. It is suggested that theories of co-evolution must take into account the fact that cultural selection as this acts on genetic selection sometimes is both intentional and effective, which long ago introduced an element of lower-level teleology into biological evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Method for the Preparation of Glycosyl Fluorides via Displacement Reactions of 1‐Arylthioglycosides with 4‐Methyl( difluoroiodo)benzene.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semen collection by electroejaculation in the domestic cat.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A procedure for electroejaculation of domestic cats was developed. The method involved anesthetization of adult male cats with ketamine HC1 (33 mg/kg) or CI 744 (5.5 mg/kg). Optimal results were obtained with a 120-V ac electric stimulator capable of a continuous range of 0 to 60 V and 0 to 1 A. Using a 1- by 12-cm rectal probe constructed of teflon and stainless steel electrodes, ejaculation was obtained with an electrical stimulus over a range of 2 to 8 V and 5 to 220 mA. Voltage and amperage were increased at specific intervals in order to compensate for refractory ejaculatory response due to continued nerve and muscle stimulation. The procedure provided a means of obtaining ejaculates from domestic cats for purposes of semen evaluation and artificial insemination.
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT – ITS ROLE IN THE CHANGING EDUCATIONAL AND QUALIFICATION LANDSCAPE OF THE INFORMATION PROFESSION; A CASE STUDY OF THE U.K.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT – ITS ROLE IN THE CHANGING EDUCATIONAL AND QUALIFICATION LANDSCAPE OF THE INFORMATION PROFESSION; A CASE STUDY OF THE U.K. was published in Strategies for Regenerating the Library and Information Profession on page 260.
The Influence of Hypothermia on Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Late hypothermia (HYPO) reduces injury after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), whereas early HYPO does not because it exacerbates the protracted bleeding that occurs in this model. We hypothesized that early HYPO would not increase bleeding after whole blood infusion and thus expected early HYPO to improve outcome through reducing secondary consequences of ICH (eg, inflammation). Methods— Autologous blood (100 μL) was infused into the striatum. Rats were maintained at normothermia or subjected to mild (33°C to 35°C) HYPO for 2 days starting 1 (HYPO-1) or 4 hours (HYPO-4) after ICH. Hematoma volume was measured at 12 hours to determine whether HYPO-1 aggravated bleeding. We measured blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and edema 2 days after ICH in all groups. At 4 days, we counted degenerating neurons, neutrophils, and iron-positive cells (eg, macrophages) in the lesioned hemisphere. Recovery was assessed using several behavioral tests (ie, staircase reaching task, ladder walking task, limb use cylinder test) over 7 or 30 days, at which time we quantified lesion volume. Results— HYPO did not increase bleeding. Both HYPO treatments reduced BBB disruption and infiltration of inflammatory cells. HYPO-1 treatment modestly reduced edema and provided limited to no functional benefit in the behavioral tests. HYPO did not affect lesion volume. Conclusions— HYPO reduced edema, BBB disruption, and inflammation. Although encouraging, HYPO treatment must be improved so that histological and functional benefit are obtained before clinical investigation. Otherwise clinical failure is anticipated.
Knowledge and Awareness about Contraception among Married Females under Age Group 20 to 35 Years in Rural Area of Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of the study are: 1. To bridge the gap of knowledge regarding contraception. 2. To enhance the awareness regarding contraception for spacing for a better outcome. 3. To reduce contraceptive related problems, incidence of unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy-related risk in future. 4. To assess the acceptance of different modes of contraception. 5. To find out the success of contraceptive practice which lies in the acceptance of a regular contraceptives to prevent future pregnancies. Materials and methods It is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive method to assess married females about knowledge of contraception and other areas of reproductive health. Questionnaire will be used to assess the knowledge of 300 married females ranging in age from 20 to 35 years in rural area Sawangi (Meghe) in Wardha district. Results Most of the respondents used MTP and sterilization (48%), followed by barrier (23%), IUCD (17%), oral contraception (10%). Their spouses were engaged in skilled as well as unskilled work. Respondents were being married for less than 5 years (37%), 36% had a married life span of 5 to 10 years. Literacy rate of contraceptive users were not that much high, 31% had primary schooling followed by 25% had secondary schooling. Majority of them (60%) were in age group 26 to 30 years, followed by 25% in age group 31 to 35 years. Conclusion This study was done to evaluate the awareness and the use of different mode of contraception in age group 20 to 35 years. This study is mainly focuses on rural hospital to avoid unseen complications of unwanted termination of pregnancy. The awareness of women regarding the various contraceptive methods was high for MTP and sterilization (48%), followed by barrier method (23%). The commonest reason quoted by the women for not using a contraceptive method was the unwillingness of husband. Along with the women, their spouses should be counseled and educated so that awareness spreads to a greater extent. How to cite this article Sinha A, Malhotra N, Inamdar SA. Knowledge and Awareness about Contraception among Married Females under Age Group 20 to 35 Years in Rural Area of Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):43-46.
Characterization, understanding, and mitigation of underwater noise radiated by ships in the St. Lawrence Estuary

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Underwater noise generated by commercial traffic is the main source of anthropogenic noise pollution at low frequencies, increasingly present at a global scale and of critical interest in the St. Lawrence Estuary (eastern Canada), where a rich biodiversity meets the shipping corridor linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The Marine Acoustic Research Station (MARS, www.projet-mars.ca/en) is an applied research project dedicated to characterizing, understanding, and mitigating underwater traffic noise, contributing to the global effort of improving cohabitation between human activities and marine life. A cutting edge marine acoustic observatory has been specifically designed to collect high-quality measurements of the underwater noise radiated by ships. It is deployed yearly since 2021, operating during the ice-free season. A database of over 2000 measurements representative of the underwater noise radiated by the fleet operating in the St Lawrence Estuary has been collected, with a demonstrated repeatability of less than 1.5 dB which confirms the ability of the observatory to effectively assess the efficiency of noise reduction measures. The MARS database supports the development of a noise prediction model and provides feedback to shipowners and relevant information regarding the St. Lawrence fleet to the government for future underwater vessel noise reduction targets.
Platelets in COVID-19: “innocent by-standers” or active participants?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the most dangerous features of the new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the tendency of the hemostasis system of patients to excessive thrombus formation. Among the possible causes of this pathology, both the activation of vascular endothelial cells, leading to the exposure of tissue factor by these cells, and direct activation of the plasma hemostasis were named. Besides, there is a significant change in platelet responses to activation, which is not accompanied by significant thrombocytopenia. The mechanism of platelet dysfunction is rather controversial. On the one hand, there are suggestions that platelets can act as a direct “container” for the virus, thus spreading it throughout the body. On the other hand, the presence of viral RNA in platelets has been demonstrated in only one study, while other authors have obtained the opposite result. Another mechanism of the virus's direct effect on platelets is the penetration of the virus into megakaryocytes and the subsequent violation of thrombocytopoiesis. However, three of the four published works show that platelets from patients with SARS-CoV-2 are in an activated state (the so-called platelet pre-activation). This phenomenon can be caused by the direct influence of the virus and the effect of thromboinflammation in the lungs on platelet functions. Here we review the known data and possible causes of the platelet functionality changes observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
Analytical Review on Nutritional Deficiencies in Vegan Diets: Risks, Prevention, and Optimal Strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Factors like health concerns, environmental issues, and ethics have driven the rapid rise in veganism's popularity over the last decade. While studies confirm that veganism reduces the risk of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease, significant challenges persist in meeting nutritional needs. This review identifies critical dietary deficiencies common in vegan diets, including inadequacies in vitamin B12, iron, calcium, vitamin D, Iodine, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, and explores strategies to mitigate these risks. These deficiencies result in chronic diseases like anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. Hence, this review observes the clinical literature to establish causes and will discuss a supplement strategy to enhance these deficiencies. Economic accessibility to fortified foods and supplements poses additional challenges, particularly for low-income individuals or regions with limited access to vegan-friendly products. Addressing these barriers is essential to make vegan diets viable for all. Many of these nutrients, predominantly found in animal products, are difficult to obtain in sufficient amounts through plant-based diets alone, leading to potential health risks like anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. This study evaluates clinical literature to pinpoint the causes of these deficiencies and examines effective supplementation strategies to address them. Beyond highlighting the challenges, it discusses the environmental benefits of veganism, showing how plant-based diets significantly reduce water usage, land pressure, and greenhouse gas emissions. The study concludes that while a poorly planned vegan diet can lead to nutritional inadequacies, with proper dietary planning and personalized supplementation, vegan diets can support long-term health and promote environmental sustainability. Recommendations from experts are also included for tailoring vegan diets to meet individual health needs effectively.
A Schema Generator for Collected Data from Wearable Devices for Reliable Data Ingestion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We are living in an era, where we have smart devices all around us, like smart phones, smart watches, and other devices. Data produced by these devices has a great importance, used either for providing services or for analyzing purpose. These devices produce data in large amount, with many different formats, which makes data ingestion a very challenging task, as this massive amount of data causes a tremendous problem in both structuring and storage of data. Furthermore, due to the different formats and unpredictable nature of devices, data validation is also required. Although, there are many different data ingestion tools available which serves the purpose of structuring the data, but validation of data is still a big challenge. Therefore, we proposed a Schema Generator which aims to auto generate a schema of the input file for a new device added to the system, and validates this schema against the input file using available ingestion tool. Additionally, the idea is to provide a user interface for creating a configuration file for ingestion tool, as creating it manually is a very strenuous process for new device data.
Attribution-Selection Topology Optimization for Mechanical Joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are a few studies on the application of topology optimization technology for the optimal design of connection structures. Conventional topology optimization methods cannot be applied to such structures. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel optimization approach known as Attribution-Selection (ATS) Topology Optimization to enhance the structural performance of mechanical joints. The design domain is divided into two subdomains, and the attributes of each element in the design domain are treated as design variables. Additionally, local control rules based on Cellular Automata are developed to guide the evolution of the overall structure. During the iterative process, base elements and element-strengthening techniques are introduced to ensure the controllability and stability of the algorithm. Finally, an optimized numerical model example concerning the mortise and tenon joint confirms that the ATS Topology Optimization Method is both feasible and efficient. The results demonstrate that ATS Topology Optimization successfully extends topology optimization theory into fields related to flexible multi-body structures. This study outlines the principles and processes of the ATS Topology Optimization Method.
Abuse of Smoking Methamphetamine Mixed with Tobacco: II. The Formation Mechanism of Pyrolysis Products

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The pyrolysis products of smoking methamphetamine mixed with tobacco were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. The mainstream smoke contained methamphetamine (14.5% of the initial methamphetamine), phenylacetone (3.1%), N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine (1.9%), trans-β-methylstyrene (1.7%), N-formylmethamphetamine (1.5%), and other products (each &lt;1%). The amount of each pyrolysis product in the sidestream smoke was less than that in the mainstream smoke by a factor of over 5, except for methamphetamine (10.5%) and N-formylmethamphetamine (1.4%). The formation mechanism of these products was investigated, by use of a pyrolyzer, from the standpoint of the material, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis atmosphere. Although several products (for example, dimethylamphetamine and trans-β-methylstyrene) were formed by thermal self-decomposition of methamphetamine alone, most of the products, except N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine, were formed chiefly by the thermal reaction of methamphetamine with cigarette components. The formation of N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine required air and a high pyrolysis temperature. Air and a high pyrolysis temperature generally accelerated the formation of the pyrolysis products.
Novel inhibitors of the STAT3 signaling pathway: an updated patent review (2014-present)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Since the X-ray crystal structure of STAT3β homo dimer bound to DNA was solved in 1998, the development of STAT3 inhibitors has gone through a boom in recent years. However, none of them have been approved for marketing, probably due to the complex biological functions of the STAT3 signaling pathway, including its character and the poor drug-like physicochemical properties of its inhibitors. Nonetheless, targeting STAT3 continues to be an exciting field for the development of anti-tumor agents along with the emergence of new STAT3 inhibitors with unique mechanisms of action.
Detection of ergopeptine alkaloids in endophyte-infected, toxic Ky-31 tall fescue by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of ergopeptine alkaloids in endophyte-infected, toxic Ky-31 tall fescue by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometryShelly G. Yates, Ronald D. Plattner, and George B. GarnerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1985, 33, 4, 719–722Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00064a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (546 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
BEHAVIOURAL VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS. IV. MENDELIAN MODELS AND HERITABILITY OF A FEEDING RESPONSE IN THE GARTER SNAKE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

genetics to the evolution of natural populations. Field workers are increas-ingly successful at estimating heritabilities and genetic correlations. Recentsuccess in field measurement of fitness indicates that natural selection onmetric traits will be routinely measured in the near future. However, oneof the obstacles to more general application of theory is the question ofevolutionary stability of genetic parameters.
Law and Obedience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

He who hungers for an easy formula, resolving all doubts as to “What is law?,” is advised to lay aside this article. I deal in no such magic. For law, even though it is the great principle of order in life, must inevitably share in the uncertainties and paradoxes of the fluid reality it partially canalizes. Indeed—and perhaps better stated—law is merely a specially differentiated phase of life, a type of group activity. The problem of law's nature is tremendously complex, and if a few categories and definitions are here hesitatingly advanced, that is because no analysis is possible otherwise. They are not improvised to avoid examination of the tangled tissue of relationships they attempt to describe. Law I define as those rules of conduct which are generally obeyed. General obedience is a consensus within a given community in support of its rules. In Bentley's terms, the phrase “general obedience” looks at the phenomena as group activity, the phrase “consensus” as opinion activity. Despite the obvious ambiguity of these terms, the reader is requested to quiet his impatience. I may succeed in partially elucidating their meaning.
Histoplasmosis in Cyprus: Report of Two Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MethodsA Leeds boys' school was visited and co-operation obtained from boys aged between 10 and 18 years.A medical history was taken and a physical examination made to assess develop- ment and exclude so far as possible those with a eunuchoid stature or a past or present disorder likely to be associated with gynaecomastia.The boys were classed as pre-pubertal, pubertal, or post-pubertal by examination of the size of the testes, the presence or absence of axillary, pubic, limb, and facial hair, acne, and the depth of the voice.The degree of sexual maturity was denoted by "immature," " partially mature," or " fully mature."Gynaecomastia was detected by the presence of a palpable disk beneath the nipple, the approximate size of which was noted.Twenty-four boys, seven of whom had some degree of gynaecomastia, collected all their urine for three consecutive days.Daily specimens were stored at 4°C., pooled for each on 26 July
How to Construct a Safety Management System (SMS) That Promotes Safety Culture in Your Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations spend considerable resources building robust Safety Management Systems, yet may struggle to develop a strong Safety Culture. The effect can ripple throughout the organization, particularly affecting employee safety, as well as product quality, productivity, engagement, and retention. This paper introduces the four basic components and most critical cultural preconditions of a successful SMS. It then provides recommendations aligned with each of the four basic components to guide management toward creating the kind of work environment that empowers and engages employees at all levels of the organization. Building a strong Safety Culture is simply good business, and the research conducted here culminates in a checklist for safety managers and executives who are committed to creating an environment that promotes a resilient Safety Culture within their organization.