jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparison of gaze behavior among elderly and younger adults during locomotor tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this project was to compare the gaze behavior of older adults to young adults during locomotor tasks requiring participants to change the direction and vary the speed of walking.Older adults were further divided into high- and low-risk of falling groups based on scores in the Berg balance scale and pre-established risk factor criteria. Gaze behavior was measured using the applied sciences eye tracking system as participants walked under four different conditions. The results suggest that, independent of group or target, fixations on target were shorter, the faster participants walked. Results also revealed that older adults at high-risk of falling tended to move their gaze off the to-be-stepped-on target before actually making heel contact with the target, whereas the young and older adults at low-risk of falling did not. Based on these results we recommend warning older adults about the negative effects of walking speed on their ability to recognize and comprehend the challenges on the ground ahead by suggesting they slow down when walking. Another strategy is to train older adults to make heel contact with the ground before transferring their gaze to another aspect of the environment, which may serve to reduce the likelihood of tripping.
Trento 1911 - Building 338

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Coordinates: N/A Length: 18.18 mWidth: 9.0 mHeight: 13.29 mPoints: 12 Vertices: 60 Primitives: 20 Main Files: Filename.glb.obj.xmlbuilding_338.objLinkbuilding_338.glbLink11570683_edm.xmlLink11570683_metsmods.xmlLinkThumbnails: Perspective1000x1000512x512256x256128x128Perspective 1LinkLinkLinkLinkPerspective 2LinkLinkLinkLinkPerspective 3LinkLinkLinkLinkPerspective 4LinkLinkLinkLinkPerspective TopLinkLinkLinkLinkChangelog: - v0.0.2: Thumbnails added, Description updated with Link Tables. - v0.0.3: Added XMLs for Europeana Data Model (EDM) and MetsMods.
Acetate‐Mediated Production of Orotic Acid by ura3 Mutants of Candida albicans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Candida albicans ura3 mutants were found to produce large amounts of orotic acid when the growth medium was supplemented with sodium acetate. Experiments with 13 C‐labeled acetate showed that the acetate served as a precursor of orotic acid. This system of acetate‐mediated production of orotic acid is similar to other documented microbial producers in yield but unique for its acetate requirement.
Inhibition of IL 2-driven proliferation of murine T lymphocyte clones by supraoptimal levels of immobilized anti-T cell receptor monoclonal antibody.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Both cloned murine helper T lymphocytes (HTL) and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) proliferated and secreted lymphokines when stimulated with immobilized anti-T cell receptor monoclonal antibody (anti-TCR mAb). However, although proliferation of CTL increased and reached plateau levels as concentrations of anti-TCR mAb were increased, the proliferation of HTL decreased with high concentrations of anti-TCR mAb. A reduction of IL 2-dependent proliferation by CTL was observed when IL 2 was added to cultures of CTL in the presence of high concentrations of anti-TCR mAb, whereas IL 2-independent proliferation appeared to be unaffected by these concentrations of anti-TCR mAb. Inhibition of IL 2-driven proliferation caused by high concentrations of immobilized anti-TCR mAb did not seem to be mediated by soluble factors. Cells continued to express cell surface receptors for IL 2 and transferrin after treatment with immobilized anti-TCR mAb. Inhibition of IL 2-driven proliferation by high concentrations of immobilized anti-TCR mAb may represent a mechanism for regulating the proliferation of T lymphocytes. This inhibitory mechanism is initiated by stimulation of the T cell receptor, in this case by immobilized anti-TCR mAb, and is independent of other cells and factors.
Is there a role for laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS)?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) was performed in 24 patients undergoing routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Second Surgical Department of the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria. After introduction of the ultrasonic probe via the umbilical incision, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, kidneys, stomach, and colon were investigated to assess the sonomorphology of these organs and to judge whether or not LUS is a feasible and reliable means for screening the abdominal organs during routine surgery or laparoscopic staging of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. In all cases, a very accurate investigation of these organs was possible, and the laparoscopic procedure was prolonged for only 15 to 20 min. In eight further patients, LUS was performed to investigate pancreatic pathology (six cases), stomach cancer (one patient), and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (one patient). Three additional patients (pancreatic lesions) who underwent intraoperative ultrasonography with the LUS probe were excluded from this evaluation.
Compliance With Regimens of Existing Vaccines in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The factors associated with third dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT3) uptake, a true indicator of compliance with required regimen of vaccines, in Anambra state, Nigeria, were investigated in a cross-sectional survey of 600 mothers (15–49). Being an older mother showed a positive association with compliance. Compliance was more among those who used the government health facilities for their health needs (χ 2 = 12.286, p < .001). Satisfactory experiences with health service influenced compliance (χ 2 = 8.542, p = .002). Those with good perception (30.1%) complied more (χ 2 = 42.572, p < .001). Those who were aware that immunization protects the children against vaccine preventable diseases complied more (χ 2 = 8.735, p = .002). In conclusion, the action-hesitancy model strengthens the Health Belief Model in explaining parents’ attitude to childhood immunization, as experience and perception of the health service influenced uptake more. Health education and campaigns should be directed at factors that would encourage mothers to adopt required behaviours.
LHD 10-AD25-Div01 #166681.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (898,158) - (1014,420) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Distributional Evidence and Beyond: the Success and Limitations of Machine Learning in Chinese Word Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we argue that the key to the success of the current state-of-art statistical learning algorithms for Chinese word segmentation (CWS) mostly lies in their optimal weighting of non-overlapping distributional evidence in the corpora.The utilization of distributional evidence is more essential than the learning algorithm.We further analyze the characteristics of distributional evidence for CWS, under the framework of Zipf's law and summarize the limitation of statistical learning in CWS as the feature absence problem, which may be apparent yet usually neglected.Making a connection between theoretical/empirical linguistics and CWS, we suggest that the study and development of a generative word formation system may be beneficial for both the science and engineering of CWS.We wrap up the discussion after reviewing some recent works that are already on this line.
Rethinking Accountability in Cyberspace: A New Perspective on ICANN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract One of the most persistent debates regarding Internet governance concerns ICANN's accountability deficit. This paper identifies the habitual application of a state frame of reference, by which scholars and politicians address accountability issues regarding the domain name system, as the source of this debate. Re-examination of the assumptions underlying two exemplary solutions for the deficit, direct elections and intergovernmental supervision, shows that the state frame of reference informing this debate ultimately breaks down. The availability of alternative services renders the call for a state-based model by which to judge and design ICANN's accountability provisions superfluous. The latter part of the paper shows that a market model is more appropriate to assess ICANN's accountability mechanisms and its role among other domain name services providers. In addition, a market frame of reference enables us to understand ICANN's hybrid organisational structure better.
Captopril and its synthesis from chiral intermediates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Captopril is an antihypertensive agent that inhibits the angiotensin‐converting enzyme of the renin–angiotensin system. Chiral intermediates are used in the synthesis of the drug. These intermediates are obtained by resolution of racemic compounds or by chemical, biocatalytic methods and or by asymmetric synthesis by biocatalytic process. This article reviews the various chemical and biochemical processes involved in the synthesis of the chiral drug, including the pharmacological action of captopril. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
True Orthophoto Generation from Aerial Frame Images and LiDAR Data: An Update

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Image spectral and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) positional information can be related through the orthophoto generation process. Orthophotos have a uniform scale and represent all objects in their correct planimetric locations. However, orthophotos generated using conventional methods suffer from an artifact known as the double-mapping effect that occurs in areas occluded by tall objects. The double-mapping problem can be resolved through the commonly known true orthophoto generation procedure, in which an occlusion detection process is incorporated. This paper presents a review of occlusion detection methods, from which three techniques are compared and analyzed using experimental results. The paper also describes a framework for true orthophoto production based on an angle-based occlusion detection method. To improve the performance of the angle-based technique, two modifications to this method are introduced. These modifications, which aim at resolving false visibilities reported within the angle-based occlusion detection process, are referred to as occlusion extension and radial section overlap. A weighted averaging approach is also proposed to mitigate the seamline effect and spectral dissimilarity that may appear in true orthophoto mosaics. Moreover, true orthophotos generated from high-resolution aerial images and high-density LiDAR data using the updated version of angle-based methodology are illustrated for two urban study areas. To investigate the potential of image matching techniques in producing true orthophotos and point clouds, a comparison between the LiDAR-based and image-matching-based true orthophotos and digital surface models (DSMs) for an urban study area is also presented in this paper. Among the investigated occlusion detection methods, the angle-based technique demonstrated a better performance in terms of output and running time. The LiDAR-based true orthophotos and DSMs showed higher qualities compared to their image-matching-based counterparts which contain artifacts/noise along building edges.
Significance of gene product expressions of hMSH2 and MGMT in gastric carcinogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective] To detect the significance of gene product abnormal expressions of hMSH2 and MGMT in gastric carcinogenesis.[Method] Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect hMSH2 and MGMT protein expressions in 40 cases of gastric carcinomas and 38 cases of gastritis.[Results] The positive rate of hMSH2 in gastric carcinoma being 75.0%(30/40) was significantly higher than that in gastritis being 28.9 %(11/38)(P0.05).The positive rate of MGMT in gastric carcinoma being 20.0 %(8/40) was significantly lower than that in gastritis being 65.8 %(25/38)(P0.05).There was significantly positive correlation between the expressions of hMSH2 and MGMT proteins in both gastric carcinoma and gastritis groups.[Conclusion] The functional degression of hMSH2 and MGMT proteins may play some roles in the gastric carcinogenesis.
Variation in spend on young mental health across Clinical Commissioning Groups in England: a cross-sectional observational study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate whether the rate of spend on child and adolescent mental health is influenced by demand for other competing services in local commissioning decisions. Design Analysis of spend data by Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCG), including other publicly available data to control for variation in need. Setting Local commissioning decisions in the National Health Service. Participants Commissioning of health services across 209 CCGs. Main outcome measures Association between the rate of child and adolescent mental health spend and demand for child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), adult mental health services and physical health services after adjusting for confounding factors. Results An additional percentage point in the proportion of children in care is associated with 4% higher child and young person mental health (CYP MH) spend per person aged 0–18 (ratio of means: 1.04; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07). Spending £100 more on physical health services was associated with 9% lower spend in CYP MH per person aged 0–18 (ratio of means: 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99). Conclusions Healthcare commissioners in England face a challenge in balancing competing needs. This paper contributes to our understanding of this by quantifying the possible extent of the trade-off between physical health and CYP MH when allocating budgets. Any attempt to explain the variation in CAMHS spend must also take account of demand for other services.
Effect of government capital expenditure on GDP in the Iranian economy using superexogeneity testing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of real government capital expenditure on GDP in the Iranian economy using annual time series data for the period 1959–1992 employing superexogeneity test. It is found that government capital expenditure has an important positive effect on GDP irrespective of structural and regime shifts in the economy.
Nonequilibrium-induced metal-superconductor quantum phase transition in graphene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the effects of dissipation and time-independent nonequilibrium drive on an open superconducting graphene. In particular, we investigate how dissipation and nonequilibrium effects modify the semi-metal-BCS quantum phase transition that occurs at half-filling in equilibrium graphene with attractive interactions. Our system consists of a graphene sheet sandwiched by two semi-infinite three-dimensional Fermi liquid reservoirs, which act both as a particle pump/sink and a source of decoherence. A steady-state charge current is established in the system by equilibrating the two reservoirs at different, but constant, chemical potentials. The nonequilibrium BCS superconductivity in graphene is formulated using the Keldysh path integral formalism, and we obtain generalized gap and number density equations valid for both zero and finite voltages. The behaviour of the gap is discussed as a function of both attractive interaction strength and electron densities for various graphene-reservoir couplings and voltages. We discuss how tracing out the dissipative environment (with or without voltage) leads to decoherence of Cooper pairs in the graphene sheet, hence to a general suppression of the gap order parameter at all densities. For weak enough attractive interactions we show that the gap vanishes even for electron densities away from half-filling, and illustrate the possibility of a dissipation-induced metal-superconductor quantum phase transition. We find that the application of small voltages does not alter the essential features of the gap as compared to the case when the system is subject to dissipation alone (i.e. zero voltage).
Marfan syndrome, magnesium status and medical prevention of cardiovascular complications by hemodynamic treatments and antisense gene therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The medical management of Marfan Syndrome (MFS) mainly relies on early prevention of the aortic complications. Hemodynamic treatments try to diminish the forcefulness of cardiac contractions and to reduce blood pressure: for example long term administration of propranolol may significantly reduce the rate of increase in aortic ratio (aortic diameter/expected aortic diameter). Retardation of aortic dilatation may be most often observed by early treatment started when the baseline end-diastolic aortic root diameter is < 40 mm. It seems better to use beta-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Successful acceptance of beta-blockers may be limited by side-effects, but the efficiency of alternative hypotensive agents (calcium channel inhibitors, ACE inhibitors) is not yet validated. Gene therapy might constitute an etiologic specific treatment of MFS. FBN1-RZ1 hammerhead antisense ribozyme is able to suppress expression of the mutant FBN1 allele. The use of ribozymes as systemic therapeutic agents will depend on efficient delivery to its target, but the various proposed vectors raise yet unsolved problems. A hydrogel angioplasty balloon might be a possible vector for delivering an antisense ribozyme in the aortic wall specifically. Ribozymes--as deoxyribonucleotides--may be taken up by tissue upon local application. Further research should study ex vivo local application of antisense ribozyme on human aortic wall, before assessing in vivo efficiency and tolerance of this aortic local vectorisation. It is always necessary to maintain a balanced magnesium intake in patients with MFS. Firstly to prevent the multiple noxious effects of magnesium deficiency on cardiovascular targets. Secondly to ensure the best efficiency and the least toxicity of the hemodynamic drugs used as long term prophylactic treatment for cardiovascular complications and of the etiologic antisense magnesium-dependent gene therapy, in the future.
THE STUDY ON DIGESTIVE ENZYME PROPERTIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEA CUCUMBER APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICUS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of temperature and pH to the activities of five digestive enzymes in intestine of Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was studied.The result indicated that the optimum pH for protease was 3and 9.The lipase in foregut,midgut and hindgut under pH 3.5、4.0、4.0has highest activity,and pH4.0、4.5、4.5for alginase,pH3.5、3.5、4.0for pectinase respectively.The optimum temperature for protease and lipase was 45℃,35℃.And that for alginase and pectinase in foregut,midgut and hindgut was 45℃、35℃、35℃,55℃、55℃、45℃ respectively.The activity of protease under optimum pH and temperature performed as hindgutforegutmidgut while lipase showed hindgutforegutmidgut.The alginase in forgut showed a significant higher activity than that in midgut and hindgut.There was no obviously difference for pectinase.
Safety and efficacy of pedicle screw placement using intraoperative computed tomography: consecutive series of 1148 pedicle screws

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object A number of imaging techniques have been introduced to minimize the risk of pedicle screw placement. Intraoperative CT has been recently introduced to assist in spinal instrumentation. The aim of this study was to study the effectiveness of intraoperative CT in enhancing the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement. Methods The authors included all cases from December 2009 through July 2012 in which intraoperative CT scanning was used to confirm pedicle screw placement. Results A total of 203 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of 1148 screws, 103 screws (8.97%) were revised intraoperatively in 72 patients (35.5%): 14 (18.42%) were revised in the cervical spine (C-2 or C-7), 25 (7.25%) in the thoracic spine, and 64 (8.80%) in the lumbar spine. Compared with screws in the thoracic and lumbar regions, pedicle screws placed in the cervical region were statistically more likely to be revised (p = 0.0061). Two patients (0.99%) required reoperations due to undetected misplacement of pedicle screws. Conclusions The authors describe one of the first North American experiences using intraoperative CT scanning to confirm the placement of pedicle screws. Compared with a similar cohort of patients from their institution who had pedicle screws inserted via the free-hand technique with postoperative CT, the authors found that the intraoperative CT lowers the threshold for pedicle screw revision, resulting in a statistically higher rate of screw revision in the thoracic and lumbar spine (p < 0.0001). During their 2.5-year experience with the intraoperative CT, the authors did not find a reduction in rates of reoperation for misplaced pedicle screws.
A new remarkable species of the genus Trichodromeus Luze, 1903 from central Nepal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Trichodromeus abbreviatus sp. nov., a new species with reduced hind wings from central Nepal, is described and illustrated. It can be distinguished from all species of the genus by the shape of the very short elytra, the lack of hind wings and tomentose spots in the middle of abdominal tergites IV–V, and the external and internal morphology of the aedeagus.
Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the results of a VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) inter-laboratory study on the measurement of the shell thickness and chemistry of nanoparticle coatings. Peptide-coated gold particles were supplied to laboratories in two forms: a colloidal suspension in pure water and; particles dried onto a silicon wafer. Participants prepared and analyzed these samples using either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Careful data analysis revealed some significant sources of discrepancy, particularly for XPS. Degradation during transportation, storage or sample preparation resulted in a variability in thickness of 53 %. The calculation method chosen by XPS participants contributed a variability of 67 %. However, variability of 12 % was achieved for the samples deposited using a single method and by choosing photoelectron peaks that were not adversely affected by instrumental transmission effects. The study identified a need for more consistency in instrumental transmission functions and relative sensitivity factors, since this contributed a variability of 33 %. The results from the LEIS participants were more consistent, with variability of less than 10 % in thickness and this is mostly due to a common method of data analysis. The calculation was performed using a model developed for uniform, flat films and some participants employed a correction factor to account for the sample geometry, which appears warranted based upon a simulation of LEIS data from one of the participants and comparison to the XPS results.