jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High School Bands in Jackson, Mississippi, Before and After Integration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although the United States Supreme Court declared segregation in education under law unconstitutional in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954, the public high schools in Jackson, Mississippi, would remain segregated until 1970. The present study examines the effects of this social climate on the high school band programs in Jackson, Mississippi, during segregation and integration. Information about the band programs was investigated using in-person and telephone interviews, as well as yearbooks, books, and other print media. The implications of this study indicate that segregation had a negative effect on the segregated all-African American high school band programs in Jackson, Mississippi. This study also shows that, initially, integration had a positive effect on the previously all-white high schools in Jackson and that integration immediately had a negative impact on the previously all-African American high schools.
Dna binding economies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis develops a new scalable modeling framework at the interface of game theory and machine learning to recover economic structures from limited slices of data. Inference using economic models has broad applicability in machine learning. Economic structures underlie a surprisingly broad array of problems including signaling and molecular control in biology, drug development, neural structures, distributed control, recommender problems, social networking, as well as market dynamics.
We demonstrate the framework with an application to genetic regulation. Genetic regulation determines how DNA is road and interpreted, is responsible for cell specialization, reaction to drugs, metabolism, etc. Improved understanding of regulation has potential to impact research on genetic diseases including cancer.
Genetic regulation relies on coordinate binding of regulators along DNA. Understanding how binding arrangements are achieved and their effect on regulation is challenging since it is not always possible to study regulatory processes in isolation. Indeed, observing the action of regulators is an experimental and computational challenge. We need causal genome-wide models that can work with existing high-throughput observations.
We abstract DNA binding as an economy and develop fast algorithms to predict average binding arrangements as competitive equilibria. The framework supports viewing regulation as a succession of regulatory states. We complete the framework with algorithms to infer causal structure from high-throughput observations. Learning here deviates from work in learning in games, it is closer to the economic theory of revealed preferences. Our algorithms predict the effect of experimental perturbations and can be used to refine experimental hypotheses.
We show that the economic approach reproduces known behavior of a genetic switch (λ-phage), and that it can complete the map of coordinate binding in yeast. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
The China–India Rivalry Reconceptualized

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to refocus the theoretical debate on the rising China-India rivalry by using the conceptual framework of 'enduring international rivalries'. Largely neglected by China-India studies, the enduring international rivalries literature is used hereafter to re-conceptualize the interactions between the two giants in a postcolonial context, and hypothesize the potential evolution of their so-called 'rivalry'. Rather than being considered as a fait accompli, the rivalry will be construed through its intrinsic dynamisms (a series of historicized dyadic crises shaped by deeply rooted perceptual gaps and mutual psychological distrust since 1947) in order to conceptually map out the patterns that make it live, consolidate, and potentially terminate. It is argued that the successive peace management processes initiated by Chinese and Indian state leaders after each bilateral crisis have nevertheless perpetuated the rivalry, without any credible conflict resolution initiative been taken over the years. This article concludes on the importance to settle the territorial dispute, bridge the psychological gaps between the two societies, and increase democratization trends in China, if a rivalry termination between the two rising powers is to be envisioned. © 2012 Copyright Editors and Editorial Board, Asian Journal of Political Science.
A Secure Cloud Enabled Indoor Hydroponic System Via ThingsSentral IoT Platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increase in population and rapid industrial development of a country, especially in urban areas, contributes to various urbanization issues such as housing, food demands, education, health, poverty, etc. An alternative method of farming utilizing minimized land areas with large crop produce is highly sought. This farming method is expected to be operated at a lower cost with easy monitoring of essential plantation necessities such as light, water level, temperature, and humidity. This paper discusses the design and development of an automatic monitoring of an indoor vertical hydroponic system. Three main components will be designed and developed to realize the system. Firstly, an indoor hydroponic module with IoT technology. Secondly, a dashboard for monitoring and managing the operation of the system. Finally, a two-factor authentication mechanism to enhance the security elements of the system. Preliminary results obtained showed promising progress and opportunity for the designed system.
The effects of aluminium and selenium supplementation on brain and liver antioxidant status in the rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This in vivo study was designed to investigate the potential of aluminium (Al), in the absence of added iron, to participate in either antioxidant or pro-oxidant events. Some markers of oxidative stress were determined in liver and brain of rats exposed to aluminium lactate, either alone or in the presence of dietary supplements of selenium (se) as selenite. Exposure to aluminium for 21 days resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.05) decrease in brain glutathione. However, a non-significant increase in hepatic glutathione was observed in animals supplemented with either Se or Al, but Al in combination with Se prevented this elevation. In the brain a statistically non-significant increase (P>0.05) was observed in the GSH content. Contrary to what is known, Al exposure resulted in statistically significant decrease (P<0.001) in lipid peroxidation as measured by production of malondialdehyde in both liver and brain. Aluminium exposure had no significant effect on the liver and brain superoxide dismutase activity. Results of the present study suggest that in rat aluminium exposure may have both pro-oxidant and antioxidant effect. Furthermore, Se supplementation may offer some protection against aluminium toxicity but this needs to be further elucidated. Key words: Aluminium, selenium, rat, brain, liver, antioxidant enzymes.
Theoretical study of a Rotary Regenerator in a Thermal Power Plant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research, the rotary regenerator is analyzed by solving government differential equations of heat transfer in the regenerator analytically and comparing the results with the designed data in order to study the performance of the rotary regenerator. In solving these equations, several assumptions have been considered; the most important are the constant temperature for both fluids at the inlet and the unchangeability of mass flow for each with the negligible of longitudinal heat transfer in flow direction. The results have shown good approach to the designed data. The percentage of error of the temperature of air combustion is (3%) and for flue gas temperature (4%). So, it can be said that this model can be used for studying the effective parameters on the work of the regenerator in order to reach the best performance of the regenerator.
Development of thermal storage tank with phase change material

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The assigned project was to design and develop a thermal storage tank with phase change material. The purposes of the storage tank were to stored thermal energy gathered from solar collectors and use this energy to heat water for domestic use. The development of the storage tank began with a literature review on Phase Change Materials and Thermal Storage Systems which then led to the conceptual and innovation of design concepts and contrivance of the specific design of the storage tank. The final design of the storage tank was an aluminium cylindrical storage tank 0.5m high, 0.14m in diameter and 6.8 litres in volume with a coil heat exchanger used for heat transfers between the PCM and the heat transfer fluid. The final design of the storage tank was fabricated and experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the storage tank based on different flow rates and flow direction parameters. Results gathered from the experiments concluded that the Thermal Storage Tank was able to effectively heat water for at least 40 minutes and raised the temperature 2 -3˚C higher compared to using sensible heat storage medium (water). The heat energy released from the storage tank was calculated and it indicated the total heat release from the storage tank with PCM was 7000 joules (50%) higher compared to the storage tank using a sensible heat storage medium (water).
Data from Genome-Wide Meta-analysis of Gene–Environmental Interaction for Insulin Resistance Phenotypes and Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Insulin resistance (IR)–related genetic variants are possibly associated with breast cancer, and the gene–phenotype–cancer association could be modified by lifestyle factors including obesity, physical inactivity, and high-fat diet. Using data from postmenopausal women, a population highly susceptible to obesity, IR, and increased risk of breast cancer, we implemented a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in two steps: (1) GWAS meta-analysis of gene–environmental (i.e., behavioral) interaction (G*E) for IR phenotypes (hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance) and (2) after the G*E GWAS meta-analysis, the identified SNPs were tested for their associations with breast cancer risk in overall or subgroup population, where the SNPs were identified at genome-wide significance. We found 58 loci (55 novel SNPs; 5 index SNPs and 6 SNPs, independent of each other) that are associated with IR phenotypes in women overall or women stratified by obesity, physical activity, and high-fat diet; among those 58 loci, 29 (26 new loci; 2 index SNPs and 2 SNPs, independently) were associated with postmenopausal breast cancer. Our study suggests that a number of newly identified SNPs may have their effects on glucose intolerance by interplaying with obesity and other lifestyle factors, and a substantial proportion of these SNPs’ susceptibility can also interact with the lifestyle factors to ultimately influence breast cancer risk. These findings may contribute to improved prediction accuracy for cancer and suggest potential intervention strategies for those women carrying genetic risk that will reduce their breast cancer risk.</p></div>
Credibility excess as an epistemic injustice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract According to Fricker’s (2007) seminal account, an epistemic injustice is done when, based on prejudice, a hearer ascribes to a speaker a level of credibility below what they deserve. When prejudice results in credibility excess, however, Fricker contends no similar injustice takes place. In this paper, I will challenge the second of these claims. Using a modified version of Zollman’s (2007) two-armed bandit model, I will show how the systematic over-ascription of credibility within a dominant group can produce epistemic advantages for that group relative to non-group members.
O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)trichloroacetimidate as a Glucosyl Donor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Model reactions of 0-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)trichloroacetimidate 2α with methanol and choTesterol under various conditions demon-strated that stereocontrolled glucosyl transfer with inversion of configuration at the anomeric center is best carried out in di-chloromethane at low temperatures with boron trifluoride-ether as a catalyst. Under these conditions β-glucoside 4β and β-disaccha-rides 5β- 9β were obtained in good to excellent yields. With Brtosnsted acids, fast glucosyl transfer to the acid anion was mainly observed and required no further acidic catalysis. With strong acids formation of the thermodynamically more stable product dominated. However, with the weaker carboxylic acids highly diastereoselective inversion of configuration at the anomeric center led, for instance, to β-1-O-acyl derivatives 11β - 18β, revealing a convenient method for the synthesis of O-glycosyl-carb-oxylates. This method was also applied to resolution of racemic carboxylic acids. Similar results were obtained with N-nucleophiles. Hydrazoic acid gave exclusively α-azide 19a. Nitrogen heterocycles gave with boron trifluoride-ether catalysis mainly β-nucleosides 20β - 23β. Reaction of trichloroacetimidate 2α with O-nucleophiles in aceto-nitrile as solvent led to different products due to competition
Serum metabolic changes in rats after intragastric administration of dextromethorphan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dextromethorphan is recognized as a substance of abuse around the world. An estimated 3.1 million people between the ages of 12 and 25 years (5.3%) misused over‐the‐counter cough and cold medications in 2006. In this study, we developed a serum metabolomic method by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to evaluate the effect of abuse of dextromethorphan on rats. The dextromethorphan‐treated rats were given 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg (low, medium, high) of dextromethorphan by intragastric administration each day for 3 days. Partial least squares‐discriminate analysis revealed that intragastric administration of dextromethorphan induced metabolic perturbations. Compared with the control (healthy) group, the levels of propanoic acid, urea, heptafluorobutanoic acid, 2‐hexyldecanoic acid and butanedioic acid of the low group decreased; levels of propanoic acid and heptafluorobutanoic acid of the medium group decreased, while that of benzoic acid increased; and levels of 2‐hexyldecanoic acid, glycerol and butanedioic acid of the high group increased. These biomarkers are involved in the citric acid cycle, urea cycle, glycerolipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The results indicate that the metabolomic method by GC–MS may be useful to elucidate abuse of dextromethorphan. According to the pathological changes in the liver at different dosages, dextromethorphan is not hepatotoxic after intragastric administration of 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg for 3 days.
332 Relationship between friction properties and adhesion strength of Y2O3 coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical properties, such as hardness, adhesion strength and friction coefficient of Y_2O_3 coating processed on various substrates were evaluated. A micro indentation apparatus was applied to the hardness and the adhesion strength measurements of the coating. The friction coefficient was evaluated using a ball on flat type testing apparatus in air atmosphere and in dry condition with relatively lower sliding speed. Results showed that the adhesion strength was different depending on the substrate materials and that the friction coefficient of the Y_2O_3 thin coating was relatively small.
Gold of the Andes ; treasures of Peru. A special exhibition of works of art from the collection of Senor Miguel Mujica Gallo, presented through the courtesy of the Republic of Peru and under the patronage of His Excellency the Ambassador of the Republic of Peru, Senor Fernando Berckemeyer.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Exhibited Brooklyn Museum, 27 April - 15 July, 1963; M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, 15 September - 31 October, 1963.
Fast Multi-Group Gaussian Process Factor Models

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Gaussian processes are now commonly used in dimensionality reduction approaches tailored to neuroscience, especially to describe changes in high-dimensional neural activity over time. As recording capabilities expand to include neuronal populations across multiple brain areas, cortical layers, and cell types, interest in extending Gaussian process factor models to characterize multi-population interactions has grown. However, the cubic runtime scaling of current methods with the length of experimental trials and the number of recorded populations (groups) precludes their application to large-scale multi-population recordings. Here, we improve this scaling from cubic to linear in both trial length and group number. We present two approximate approaches to fitting multi-group Gaussian process factor models based on (1) inducing variables and (2) the frequency domain. Empirically, both methods achieved orders of magnitude speed-up with minimal impact on statistical performance, in simulation and on neural recordings of hundreds of neurons across three brain areas. The frequency domain approach, in particular, consistently provided the greatest runtime benefits with the fewest trade-offs in statistical performance. We further characterize the estimation biases introduced by the frequency domain approach and demonstrate effective strategies to mitigate them. This work enables a powerful class of analysis techniques to keep pace with the growing scale of multi-population recordings, opening new avenues for exploring brain function.
Children and the Radio: Who Should Listen to Whom?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Understanding the expectations, needs, and wants of young audiences, as well as inviting them to incorporate their experiences and perspectives into media production, are crucial tasks for today's media producers. Drawing upon qualitative research in which more than seventy children eight to thirteen years old participated, this paper illuminates children's experiences with radio broadcasts and the suggestions they make for improving them. To explore children's media preferences and experiences, in the spring of 2019 we conducted thirteen focus groups that incorporated creative techniques and stimuli at four elementary schools located in geographically and demographically different areas of the Czech Republic. The research discovered that the radio was a part of children's complex media experience. In some cases the children linked listening to it with the time they spent with their parents and grandparents. Even though they did not consider the radio their favourite medium, when they were invited to create their own radio programmes and content the children made a number of valuable suggestions for making radio more accessible and relevant to them. We argue that children should be considered as partners and invited to participate in a creative dialogue with media content creators.
TREATMENT OF JUXTA-ARTICULAR GIANT CELL TUMOURS WITH CUSTOM MADE MEGAPROSTHESIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDJuxta-articular giant cell tumours are common and pose a special problem of reconstruction after tumour excision.This article analyses the functional outcome after resection of juxta-articular giant cell tumours around the Knee, Hip and Shoulder replacement by custom mega-prosthetic arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODSTotal of seven patients with juxta-articular giant cell tumours with mean age of 30.8 years underwent resection and replacement by custom mega-prosthetic arthroplasty during the period from 2013 to 2016. RESULTSSix patients had excellent result, one had good result as per Enneking criteria.There was no incidence recurrence, periprosthetic fractures, infections or aseptic loosening during the study period.There was no case of metastasis or death. CONCLUSIONTo conclude custom mega prosthetic arthroplasty is effective in achieving the desired aim of reconstruction of joint with good functional results and least complications in selected patients.
A Snapshot in Time: Consumer Behavior at the Start of COVID-19

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

During the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic, consumers faced challenges related to obtaining household items due to shortages and limitations in shopping. Researchers from the University of Tennessee conducted a national, web-based consumer survey of 300 consumers in late April 2020 to better understand consumer behavior, shopping patterns, and demand shifts for goods and services. Major findings demonstrate that consumers have increased shopping for essential products from brick-and-mortar national chains, avoided brick-and-mortar small businesses, and have chosen to shop more by themselves, often choosing to forgo spending from across all product categories, compared to prior to the pandemic. Additionally, results indicate that lower levels of positive emotions and active resilience are responsible for higher levels of shopping frequency. Additionally, lower levels of passive resilience and optimism are associated with increases in co-shopping behaviors. Findings from this study provide insight into the changes among consumers during trying times and the influence of consumers’ emotions and individual characteristics in helping to explain these changes in family resource management and mental health, as well as consumer resilience amidst changing macroeconomic conditions.
A Compact Digital-Controlled Soft-Start Circuit of DC-DC Switching Converter for Portable Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a compact digital-controlled soft-start circuit of DC-DC switching converter for portable devices to prevent massive inrush current and overshoot voltage during the start-up period of the converter. Portable devices like virtual reality glasses and portable medical sensors require high stability, portability and low costs. Taking all of them into consideration, the proposed soft-start circuit of DC-DC switching converter for portable devices realizes the soft-start function without off-chip capacitor, large on-chip capacitor or additional resistor, thereby minimizing the implementation area and reducing the cost. The proposed soft-start circuit which is digital-controlled is mainly composed of a 4-bit resistor-string digital-to-analog converter (RDAC) and a 2-bit voltage divider implemented by stacked diode-connected transistors. The novel soft-start circuit has been designed with a 0. 1 $\mathrm{S}\mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS process as part of a buck converter and only occupies 0.00483 mm 2 on silicon with a supply voltage of 3.3 V.
Acceptance as an Open Door of Mercy: Riḍā in Islamic Spirituality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is no religion that does not start from the premise that "something is rotten in the Kingdom of Denmark," to make use of Hamlet's suggestive expression: mankind has lost its connection with the principle of its being and disharmony has ensued. This state of affairs, that religion claims to remedy, may be deemed to result from a sense of radical "otherness" symbolized, in the Abrahamic traditions, by the loss of the blissful unity and proximity of terrestrial paradise. In this paper we propose to show that the Islamic concept of ridā, particularly as it has been conceptualized and practiced in Sufism, is none other than both the means and the end of this re-connection with God and human beings as acceptance of "otherness." The Quranic idea of Divine ridwān provides both the transcendent model and the infinite counterpart of this human virtue of acceptance.