jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of perceived vaginal and urinary symptoms and treatment burden in predicting sexual functioning among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between urogenital symptom frequency and severity, perception of vaginal treatment burden, and female sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 326 patients from three tertiary care hospitals in the United Arab Emirates. The frequency and severity of urogenital symptoms, emotional and physical functioning, and treatment burden were assessed using the validated genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms and vaginal treatments acceptability questionnaire (GSM‐SVATQ). To examine the mediating roles of emotional and physical functioning, as well as the perceived treatment burden on sexual functioning, a partial least squares‐structural equation model was developed using the SmartPLS 4 Software. Results The measurement model was successfully established. All constructs had a reliability of > 0.70 and discriminant validity of < 0.90. Emotional, physical and sexual functioning showed an adjusted R 2 values of 0.377, 0.282 and 0.169, respectively.The multistep multiple mediator model revealed a full mediation effect of both emotional and physical functioning between symptom, treatment burden and sexual functioning. The model showed high predictive performance with all manifest variables showing lower mean absolute errors compared to the naiive benchmark model. Conclusion This study enhances our understanding of the relationships between urogenital symptoms, perceived treatment burden, emotional functioning, and sexual well‐being. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing emotional well‐being in managing urogenital symptoms and in addressing emotional factors associated with the use of vaginal treatments.
Friendship patterns of mildly learning handicapped and nonhandicapped high school students.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Participant observation techniques were employed in a high school setting to document the friendship patterns of 32 mildly learning handicapped and 32 nonhandicapped adolescents. Three features of friendship were examined: intimacy, empathy, and stability over time. Handicapped adolescents were found to have fewer friendships than did their nonhandicapped counterparts and less stable friendships. There was less evidence of intimacy and empathy between pairs of handicapped peers. Variation in friendship behavior within both populations was noted, and factors contributing to difficulties in achieving fuller friendship were discussed.
Hearing Loss and Preventable Hospitalizations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nearly half of all adults over the age of 60 years have hearing loss. Recent research suggests adults with hearing loss experience increased health care expenditures and hospitalization. However, little is known about whether these are preventable hospitalizations which may indicate poorer healthcare system engagement. In this cross-sectional analysis, we examined data from combined 2016-2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) datasets. Participants are asked to describe their self-perceived trouble hearing. Preventable hospitalizations were defined and generated from administrative claims files based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality identified conditions that should be manageable in ambulatory care settings. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographic/socioeconomic characteristics and general health determinants were used to explore the association between trouble hearing and outcomes. The combined 2016-2018 MCBS administrative claims files included 18,814 participant-years, 49.8% reported no trouble hearing, 43.4% reported a little trouble and 6.8% a lot of trouble hearing, respectively. A higher proportion of those with a lot of trouble hearing (6.8%) experienced at least one preventable hospitalization compared to those with a little trouble hearing (3.4%) and no trouble hearing (2.5%). In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, hearing loss was associated with 1.35 times the odds of experiencing at least one preventable hospitalization per year (OR=1.35; 95% CI=1.03-1.77). Medicare beneficiaries with hearing loss experience higher rates of preventable hospitalizations. This may be due to avoidance of care due to communication barriers. Further work is needed to understand underlying reasons and whether addressing hearing loss modifies the observed association.
Disaster management in supply chains: a systematic literature review with bibliometric and content analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Disasters have a severe impact on all relevant stakeholders involved in the supply chains (SCs); however, a systematic examination of disaster management in the SCs domain is still lacking. The objective of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the academic literature on Supply Chain Disaster Management (SCDM). A systematic literature review of 787 papers was conducted that met the inclusion criteria from mainstream academic databases published between 2015 and 2024, incorporating bibliometric, network, and content analysis methods. We then develop a conceptual model that synthesises the themes of disasters management in SCs: impact of disaster, disaster relief approaches, and barriers. Moreover, this review uncovers the specific impacts of different types of disasters on various stages of the SCs and the corresponding response strategies. This study contributes to the research and practice of disaster management in SCs by providing a systematic knowledge structure of the topic and future research directions.
Molecular Basis of Rare Aminoglycoside Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Clinical Isolates from Thailand

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides and macrolides, mostly due to AmrAB-OprA efflux pump expression. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside susceptibility exhibited by Thai strains 708a, 2188a, and 3799a.qRT-PCR revealed absence of amrB transcripts in 708a and greatly reduced levels in 2188a and 3799a. Serial passage on increasing gentamicin concentrations yielded 2188a and 3799a mutants that became simultaneously resistant to other aminoglycosides and macrolides, whereas such mutants could not be obtained with 708a. Transcript analysis showed that the resistance of the 2188a and 3799a mutants was due to upregulation of amrAB-oprA expression by unknown mechanism(s). Use of a PCR walking strategy revealed that the amrAB-oprA operon was missing in 708a and that this loss was associated with deletion of more than 70 kb of genetic material. Rescue of the amrAB-oprB region from a 708a fosmid library and sequencing showed the presence of a large chromosome 1 deletion (131 kb and 141 kb compared to strains K96243 and 1710b, respectively). This deletion not only removed the amrAB-oprA operon, but also the entire gene clusters for malleobactin and cobalamin synthesis. Other genes deleted included the anaerobic arginine deiminase pathway, putative type 1 fimbriae and secreted chitinase. Whole genome sequencing and PCR analysis confirmed absence of these genes from 708a. Despite missing several putative virulence genes, 708a was fully virulent in a murine melioidosis model.Strain 708a may be a natural candidate for genetic manipulation experiments that use Select Agent compliant antibiotics for selection and validates the use of laboratory-constructed Delta(amrAB-oprA) mutants in such experiments.
Construction of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Nucleocapsid protein of porcine respiratory and reproductive virus was amplified, fowlpox virus transfer vector was constructed which contained fowpox virus promoter LP2EP2 controlled N gene, P11 controlled lacZ and homologous arm for recombination. S-FPV-017 infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells were transfected with the transfer vector pSY681+N by lipofectin transfection procedure. The recombinant FPV (designated as rFPV-N) was screened by blue plague and purified by six passages, PCR results showed that N gene was inserted in the genome of rFPV-N. The expression of PRRSV N protein was tested by indirect immuno-fluorescence test, and the efficiency of the recombinant should be evaluated further.
Studies on heat tolerance at rest and orthostatic heat tolerance in a hot environment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twelve young male Japanese were exposed to a hot environment in summer, and changes in systolic blood pressure induced by changing the position from recumbent to sitting were observed. Sweating was induced in a climatic chamber at 30 degree C with 70% relative humidity by immersing both legs up to the knees into a water bath of 42 degree C for 90 min after sitting on a chair at rest for 30 min in the chamber. The mean values of rise in rectal temperature, body weight loss and mean sodium concentration in sweat were 0.62 degree C, 0.67 kg and 46 mEq/l, respectively. The mean values of fall in systolic blood pressure associated with changing posture and its recovery time were 13.7 mm Hg and 77.5 sec, respectively. Heat tolerance at rest was assessed by a numerical heat tolerance index involving relative water loss, relative rise in rectal temperature, and relative salt loss. Values of relative water loss, relative rise in rectal temperature, and the numerical heat tolerance index correlated closely to those of fall in systolic blood pressure and its recovery time.
Pre-Dispersal Seed Predation by Anthocharis cardamines (Pieridae) in the Population Dynamics of the Perennial Cardamine pratensis (Brassicaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Etude de la phenologie et de la dynamique de la population de C.p; donnees quantitatives sur la perte en graines due a A.c. Dynamique de la population d'A.c. La relation animal-vegetal decrite est asymetrique, la plante agissant sur le phytophage plus que le phytophage ne le fait sur la plante
Current stem cell based therapies in diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is a disease with wide-ranging personal and societal impacts that has been managed medicinally for over half a century. Since the discovery of stem cells, pancreatic islet regeneration has become a central target for clinical application that has the potential to decrease or eliminate the need for insulin administration and adjunctive medications. The discovery of alternative routes to pluripotency that bypass the ethical implications of embryonic stem cells has significantly expanded the horizons of stem cell based therapy. Engraftment of mature insulin producing cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells may represent the most promising treatment strategy for diabetic patients with impaired Î²-cell function. These cells are easily accessible and have been shown to closely mimic endogenous Î²-cell function in vivo. While the risks of oncogenesis and transplant rejection are still of great concern, large strides have been made on both fronts with the application of integration free induction strategies and the ongoing development of microcapsules that cloak implanted cells from an autoimmune response. This review will focus on the progress and remaining obstacles in diabetes related stem cell research, and will specifically discuss approaches using embryonic, induced pluripotent, germline and mesenchymal derived stem cells.
Identifying stakeholder motivations in normative AI governance: a systematic literature review for research guidance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Ethical guidelines and policy documents destined to guide AI innovations have been heralded as the solution to guard us against harmful effects or to increase public value. However, these guidelines and policy documents face persistent challenges. While these documents are often criticized for their abstraction and disconnection from real-world contexts, it also occurs that stakeholders may influence them for political or strategic reasons. While this last issue is frequently acknowledged, there is seldom a means or a method provided to explore it. To address this gap, the paper employs a combination of social constructivism and science & technology studies perspectives, along with desk research, to investigate whether prior research has examined the influence of stakeholder interests, strategies, or agendas on guidelines and policy documents. The study contributes to the discourse on AI governance by proposing a theoretical framework and methodologies to better analyze this underexplored area, aiming to enhance comprehension of the policymaking process within the rapidly evolving AI landscape. The findings underscore the need for a critical evaluation of the methodologies found and a further exploration of their utility. In addition, the results aim to stimulate ongoing critical debates on this subject.
Fluorescence Polarization Based Displacement Assay for the Determination of Small Molecules with Aptamers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The conversion of an aptamer-target binding event into a detectable signal is an important step in the development of aptamer-based sensors. In this work, we show that the displacement of a fluorescently labeled oligo from the aptamer by the target can be detected by fluorescence polarization (FP). We used Ochratoxin A (OTA), a small organic molecule (MW = 403) as a case study. A detection limit of 5 nM OTA was achieved. The method presented here provides an advantage over fluorophore-quenching systems and other steady-state fluorescence approaches in that no modification of the aptamer or the target is required. Additionally, the signal is produced by the displacement event itself, so no further aggregation or conformational events have to be considered. This analytical method is particularly useful for small targets, as for large targets a direct measurement of the FP change of a labeled aptamer upon binding can be used to determine the concentration of the target. The results presented here demonstrate that aptamers and inexpensive labeled oligos can be used for rapid, sensitive, and specific determination of small molecules by means of FP.
Formation, orbital and thermal evolution, and survival of planetary-mass clumps in the early phase of circumstellar disk evolution

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the results of our three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulation of collapsing unmagnetized molecular cloud cores. We investigate the formation and evolution of the circumstellar disk and the clumps formed by disk fragmentation. Our simulation shows that disk fragmentation occurs in the early phase of circumstellar disk evolution and many clumps form. The clump can be represented by a polytrope sphere of index $n \sim 3$ and $n \gtrsim 4$ at central temperature $T_c \lesssim100$ K and $T_c \gtrsim 100$ K, respectively. We demonstrate, numerically and theoretically, that the maximum mass of the clump, beyond which it inevitably collapses, is $\sim 0.03 M_{\odot}$. The entropy of the clump increases during its evolution, implying that evolution is chiefly determined by mass accretion from the disk rather than by radiative cooling. Although most of the clumps rapidly migrate inward and finally fall onto the protostar, a few clumps remain in the disk. The central density and temperature of the surviving clump rapidly increase and the clump undergoes a second collapse within 1000 - 2000 years after its formation. In our simulation, three second cores of masses $0.2\msun$, $0.15\msun$, and $0.06\msun$ formed. These are protostars or brown dwarfs rather than protoplanets. For the clumps to survive as planetary-mass objects, the rapid mass accretion should be prevented by some mechanisms.
On-surface self-assembly and characterization of a macromolecular charge transfer complex by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Organic-based technologies have recently attracted significant interest. Characterization of their structure and properties at native length scales are essential for their implementation in devices. On-surface self-assembly of metal-organic frameworks is a simple way to fabricate molecular systems with specific functionalities. In this thesis work, the morphology and electronic structure of self-assembled linear nanochains, featuring a triiron linkage between two bisterpyridine-based ligands on an Ag(111) surface, have been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. An in situ, clean and reliable on-surface preparation technique was developed for thermally-activated self-assembly of complexes based on the metal-organic motif of dyes used in photovoltaic and catalysis applications. Tunneling spectroscopy on the metal-organic nanostructures obtained suggests the formation of a coordination bond with charge transfer between metal and ligand. Furthermore, the electronic structure indicates the presence of the desired metal-to-ligand charge transfer optical transitions, characteristic of the related complexes. The unprecedented triiron coordination link has potential for being an efficient reaction center for catalysis applications, as well as for having interesting magneto, spin, and electronic properties. Each step and aspect of the chains formation process has been characterized via scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and growth studies, and the results are supported by density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the relevance and influence of the silver metal substrate on both bare ligands and chains has been investigated. Bare molecules show a strong interaction with the substrate, as demonstrated by their specific adsorption configurations and an electronic structure which is distinct from when they are electronically decoupled from the surface by an NaCl bilayer. When the molecules are in chains the silver plays a key role in the structure of the coordination link. This work shows the potential of using on-surface self-assembly and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, not only to prepare with high-fidelity clean and controlled structures but also as a flexible platform to investigate and tailor functional properties of different systems for a large variety of applications where a solid support is essential.
A comparison of pregnancy outcomes among four population groups in Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The food emergency of 1984 and 1985 in Ethiopia affected populations over a large area of the country. The effect on pregnancy outcome is described by retrospective analysis of clinic records from two relief camps. Comparison is made with pregnancy outcome observed over the same time period among two urban populations in Ethiopia. Birthweights observed in the relief camps were lower than in the urban populations. Similarly, the proportion of low birthweight infants was higher in the relief camps. The average age of women giving birth in one relief camp was significantly higher than that of women in the urban areas. Differences between the camps and urban areas were also found in the proportions of male and female infants born. Key words: pregnancyfamineEthiopiabirthweightlow birthweight
Analytic Hierarchy Process Applied to Supply Chain Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Resource allocation (RA) and supplier selection (SS) are two major decision problems regarding supply chain management (SCM). A supply chain manager may solve these problems by considering a single criterion, for instance, costs, customer satisfaction, or delivery time. Applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the supply chain manager may combine such criteria to enhance a compromised solution. This chapter presents AHP applications to solve two real SCM problems faced by Brazilian companies: one problem regarding the RA in the automotive industry and another one to SS in a chemical corporation.
The use of real-world data to address questions of patient safety

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pharmacovigilance registries of biologics were established to evaluate the risk of adverse events that may be missed in trials due to shorter durations and homogeneous samples. This review will present the strengths and weaknesses of registry data in addressing patient safety issues. Since their inception, scope has broadened because registries represent a relatively inexpensive approach to answering many clinical questions, both research and non-research focused. They achieve high statistical power, allow direct comparability, and offer a level of detail about adverse events not possible with trial data. Registries have been central in clarifying the risk of infection and malignancy with anti-TNF therapy, despite the limitations of selection and channelling bias, incomplete case capture, unmeasured confounding, and the inability to infer causality. Routinely collected data from electronic health records and national audits offer alternative real-world resources, further assisting patients and clinicians in understanding the risks of biologic therapy choices.
Study of the space charge kinetic in Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ RF ceramic windows by the thermal step method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Thermal Step Method (TSM) determines and localizes the space charge density in insulating materials. This technique, already used on disordered structure materials, such as polymers (films, plates, cables) can be applied on ordered materials such as crystals and ceramics. In this study, we give evidence of the power of the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ RF Ceramic Windows to accumulate space charges (when the sample is submitted to irradiations), and to release these charges by using the Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents Method. These results obtained by coupling the Thermal Step Method with the Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents Method show the application of this kind of measurement in ordered structure materials such as ceramics.
Understanding white etching cracks in rolling element bearings: Formation mechanisms and influent tribochemical drivers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Among prevalent tribological failures in rolling element bearings, a peculiar rolling contact fatigue mode has been defined as white etching cracks, which correspond to broad subsurface three-dimensional branching crack networks bordered by white etching microstructure. White etching cracks tend to appear before other conventional rolling contact fatigue microstructural alterations and eventually lead to premature flaking or radial cracking that remains unpredictable using fatigue life estimations. Even though they have been reported for several decades, occurrences present no common evident denominator and are delicate to reproduce on laboratory test rigs without artificial hydrogen charging. In this study, white etching crack reproductions on two different standard endurance test rigs are compared and analyzed in order to, firstly, propose, an update of the understanding of white etching crack surface affected tribochemical formation mechanisms, and secondly, to identify influent tribochemical and mechanical drivers. If white etching cracks are associated to different combinations of specific non-self-sufficient macroscopic drivers depending on the application or the test rig, evidences demonstrate that they often come down to similar phenomena at a microscopic tribological scale that should all be mastered for efficient white etching crack reproduction and countermeasure design.