jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Shape for a Unit PEM Fuel Cell

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper develops a mathematical model and a structured procedure to optimize the internal structure (relative sizes, spacings) and external shape (aspect ratios) of a unit PEM fuel cell so that net power is maximized. The optimization of flow geometry is conducted for the smallest (elemental) level of a fuel cell stack, i.e., the unit PEM fuel cell, which is modeled as a unidirectional flow system. The polarization curve, total and net power, and efficiency are obtained as functions of temperature, pressure, geometry and operating parameters. The optimization is subjected to fixed total volume. There are two levels of optimization: (i) the internal structure, which basically accounts for the relative thicknesses of two reaction and diffusion layers and the membrane space, and (ii) the external shape, which accounts for the external aspect ratios of a square section plate that contains all unit PEM fuel cell components. The available volume is distributed optimally through the system so that the net power is maximized. Temperature and pressure gradients play important roles, especially as the fuel and oxidant flow paths increase. Numerical results show that the optimized internal structure is “robust” with respect to changes in external shape. The optimized internal structure and external shape are results of the optimal balance between electrical power output and pumping power required to supply fuel and oxidant to the fuel cell through the gas channels. Directions for future improvements at the PEM fuel cell stack level in constructal geometric optimization are discussed.
Exposure to Hyaluronan and Radon-Containing Water during the Treatment of Periodontal Pockets

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have emerged as pivotal components in contemporary dentistry, gaining widespread recognition for their multifaceted roles in various biological functions. Extensive literature underscores the significance of HA in maintaining tissue water balance, fostering cell proliferation, promoting rapid cell migration, influencing cell differentiation during organism development, and facilitating tissue regeneration. Notably, HA’s interactions with cell surface receptors contribute to the viscosity of synovial fluid, activate the immune system, and enhance cartilage elasticity. Beyond these established functions, HA has also been investigated for its potential involvement in determining and studying the hormetic effects of radon water, adding a novel dimension to its applications in dental research. A thorough exploration of existing studies reveals a nuanced understanding of how HA interventions impact the outcomes of dental procedures. The comprehensive scope of these investigations allows for a more accurate assessment of the potential effectiveness of specific interventions and provides valuable insights into post-procedural prognoses for individual patients. This synthesis of literature serves as the foundation for elucidating the intricate interplay between HA, radon exposure, and their relevance in modern dental practices.
Notes - Reactivity Ratios of 2-Methyl-5-cinnamoylpyridine, 3-Cinnamoylpyridine, and 3-Pyridalacetophenone with Styrene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Reactivity Ratios of 2-Methyl-5-cinnamoylpyridine, 3-Cinnamoylpyridine, and 3-Pyridalacetophenone with StyreneC. Marvel, Veronika Sziraky, and James EconomyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 11, 1314–1315Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online27 February 2003Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01117a612https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01117a612research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How palynology could have been paepalology: the naming of a discipline

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

From its 'modern' pollen-analytical beginnings, the science of what we now term palynology wrestled with terminology and sought an acceptable name for the discipline. Starting in 1943, the mimeographed Pollen Analysis Circular, edited from Ohio by Paul Sears, led to discussion of the content, organisation and naming of a developing discipline. This came to a head in 1944 with Ernst Antev's plea for 'The Right Word' and the suggestion of the word 'palynology' from the Cardiff duo of Harold Hyde and David Williams. In the search for a suitable term, Hyde consulted Cardiff-based Irish classicist Leopold Richardson who advised against the word palynology and suggested six alternatives. Hyde, however, was wedded to the term palynology and, in the interests of euphony and 'hankering after my own offspring', was seemingly able to overcome Richardson's scholarly objections by argument. Hyde and Williams defined palynology as 'the study of pollen and other spores and their dispersal, and applications thereof'. This was considered an advance because alternative terms such as pollen analysis, pollen statistics and pollen science did not include the application or interpretation of pollen evidence. The term palynology quickly found acceptability within the pages of the Pollen Analysis Circular and subsequently received an airing in Nature. Once palynology was adopted by the influential Swede Gunnar Erdtman, it was rapidly accepted by the palaeoecological community.
21st Century Learning Initiatives as a Manifestation of Neoliberalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the past decade or so, public schools in the US have been critiqued by business organizations, think tanks, and policymakers for their outmoded curriculum and teaching methods, for not embracing advances in technology, and for not preparing students for their futures (Business Roundtable, 2013; Committee for Economic Development, 2003; Dede, Korte, Nelson, Valdez, & Ward, 2005).KeywordsTechnology IntegrationCritical Discourse AnalysisDistrict LeaderDistrict AdministratorCentury LearningThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Virulence assessment of Portuguese isolates of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Identification of species and virulence groups of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, present in field populations is important in the control of these nematodes by means of resistant cultivars. In order to characterize the virulence of Globodera spp. isolates from Portugal, 43 G. rostochiensis and three G. pallida isolates were evaluated by measuring their multiplication rates on a susceptible potato cultivar and five differential potato genotypes in a growth chamber pot experiment. Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed that the reproduction rates were different in terms of both the numbers of eggs and the numbers of cysts produced. Portuguese isolates of PCN were more virulent on genotypes derived from Solanum vernei than on genotypes derived from other Solanum resistance sources, and there was a significant nematode isolate × host genotype interaction. The virulence bioassay clearly distinguished the two PCN species but failed to differentiate isolates into pathotypes. There was a wide and continuous range of virulence to the resistant genotypes, especially in G. rostochiensis isolates.
New methods for visualization of dynamic behavior of power systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present paper proposes new graphical representation methods of the dynamic behavior of power systems. Four kinds of representation methods based on computer animation techniques are proposed in this paper. These representations make it possible to visualize the results of dynamic stability, voltage stability simulations and the results of eigenvalue analysis using a personal computer. With the help of these representations, one can easily understand the dynamic characteristics of electrical power systems.
Sacred and Obscene Laughter in "The Contendings of Horus and Seth," in Egyptian Inversions of Everyday Life, and in the Context of Cultic Competition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The eminent historian Robert Darnton has spent much of his career investigating episodes in French social history that no longer readily make sense, such as why violent and obscene fairy tales were so popular in the French countryside during the Enlightenment and why a mass cat-lynching would have proved so hilarious that a mere allusion to it was enough to dispatch the perpetrators into thigh-slapping bouts of laughter for weeks on end. To Darnton’s mind, historians have been far too apt to view eighteenth century France as comfortingly familiar terrain, where men and women thought and behaved much as they do today. Much enjoyed narrative events such as pre-pubescent Little Red Riding Hood’s strip-tease before the wolf just prior to being eaten, however, force an acknowledgment of the distance between now and then, between us and them. “When we cannot get a proverb, or a joke, or a ritual, or a poem,” Darnton maintains, “we know we are on to something.” Despite the fact that millennia rather than centuries separate ancient Egypt from its historians, Egyptologists, too, have imposed their own worldviews upon the peoples they study. The many instances in which the Egyptian sense of decorum and humor did not match those of the keepers of their legacy has led over the past couple of centuries to the unabashedly sexual elements of their material culture and literature routinely being sequestered under lock and key or tastefully rephrased in Latin. While such censure has eroded markedly in the wake of the western sexual revolution and gay rights movement, it still persists in many of the visions of ancient Egypt conjured up for public consumption. Alan Lloyd, one of the most accomplished and insightful of Egypt’s historians, has never been guilty of the twin sins of boorish cultural imperialism and humourless prudery. It is to him, then, with hopes that he will enjoy it, that I dedicate this study exploring the conundrum of just why the sun-god, Pre-Harakhti, should have found the unexpected sight of his daughter’s genitals refreshingly funny. This seemingly gratuitous interlude in "The Contendings of Horus and Seth" defies a modern common sense approach to understanding it. If viewed from a more structural and etiological perspective, however, I hope to show that Hathor’s flash—like Darnton’s cat massacre—is capable of providing unexpected insight.
Design and Simulation of Temperature Control System in Intermittent Reaction Kettles Based on Intelligent Fuzzy Control

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A temperature rising control system and temperature maintaining control system were designed in according to time-variable and hysteretic nature of temperature change and limitation when traditional PID control deals with nonlinear systems. A new type of intelligent fuzzy controller combination of traditional PID control and fuzzy control was designed and applied in temperature maintaining control system. The simulation results show that the holding phase at elevated temperatures and temperature, the temperature curve has a high steady-state accuracy and dynamic performance in the period of temperature rising and maintaining, and the system and controller cause a better result.
The Wise One, What Does She Say? Gendering and Queering Passover Symbols and Customs in the Reform Jewish Seder

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The ritual feast known as the Seder on the eve of Passover is one of the most family-oriented Jewish holidays observed in Israel. Rich in symbolism and narrative, it invites a wide variety of discussions, study, and intergenerational mentoring and supervision. In this article I demonstrate how the Seder can serve as a representational performance that includes gender and sexual identities normally omitted from Jewish liturgy and society at large. A Reform community workshop in preparation for the Seder Night, exposes congregants to alternative versions of the traditional Haggadah text and introduces new ritual gestures that allow for the "presencing" of gay and heterosexual life-stories. Old patterns and family traditions are undermined; special additions are added to the Passover plate and the Haggadah itself. Thus, the narrative of national redemption is reconstructed as gender redemption, marking the Israeli Reform Jewish community as an egalitarian agency of contemporary conflict for gender equality.
Aero-Engine Dynamic Start Model Based on Parsimonious Genetic Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel Parsimonious Genetic Programming (PGP) algorithm together with a novel aero-engine optimum data-driven dynamic start process model based on PGP was proposed. The method uses traditional GP to generate nonlinear input-output models that are represented in a binary tree structure. It introduces Error Reduction Ratio (Err) to estimate the contribution of each branch of the tree, which refers to basic function term that cannot be decomposed anymore according to special given rule. It applies Orthogonal Least Squares algorithm (OLS) to eliminate complex redundant subtrees and then enhance convergence speed of GP. It is expected to obtain simple, reliable and exact linear-in-parameters nonlinear model via GP evolution algorithm. Application to real aero-engine start process test data validates that the proposed method can generate more robust and interpretable models. It is a rather promising method for complex nonlinear systems modeling with rather little prior system knowledge.
Stabilizing Effect of Prey Refuge and Predator’s Interference on the Dynamics of Prey with Delayed Growth and Generalist Predator with Delayed Gestation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the present paper, I study a prey-predator model with multiple time delays where the predator population is regarded as generalist. For this regard, I consider a Holling-Tanner prey-predator system where a constant time delay is incorporated in the logistic growth of the prey to represent a delayed density dependent feedback mechanism and the second time delay is considered to account for the length of the gestation period of the predator. Predator’s interference in predator-prey relationship provides better descriptions of predator's feeding over a range of prey-predator abundances, so the predator's functional response here is considered to be Type II ratio-dependent. In accordance with previous studies, it is observed that delay destabilizes the system, in general, and stability loss occurs via Hopf bifurcation. There exist critical values of delay parameters below which the coexistence equilibrium is stable and above which it is unstable. Hopf bifurcation occurs when delay parameters cross their critical values. When delay parameters are large enough than their critical values, the system exhibits chaotic behavior and this abnormal behavior may be controlled by refuge. Numerical computation is also performed to validate different theoretical results. Lyapunov exponent, recurrence plot, and power spectral density confirm the chaotic dynamical behaviors.
Research on a Method to Carrying IPTV in EPON

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The broadband access network of EPON can supply high bandwidth to each user. It also can support multicast function well. EPON is the most important access way to vide multicast service. Apply multicast in EPON, multiple users in the same group can share a stream and can improve the efficiency of downstream band. The paper introduces an method to carrying IPTV in EPON.
[Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood. Case contribution and critical considerations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The term "inflammatory bowel disease" describes 2 major categories of chronic disease: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Non specific chronic colitis and allergic colitis in childhood can usually be distinguished by clinical and histopathologic criteria. This study regards a retrospective analysis of 23 patients suffering from chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical manifestations began between 4 and 18 years of age. The Authors report remarkable frequency in pediatric age and common diagnostic delay, especially in Crohn's disease. The possibility of extraintestinal symptoms (erythema nodosum, arthritis, iridocyclitis) is also showed. Moreover they analyse present diagnostic proceedings: in childhood the employ of 99 mTc-HmPAO-labelled granulocytes is a new and non invasive test useful in the follow-up of the patients. In the treatment corticosteroids and sulfasalazine are used in various combinations associated with general supportive measures. Finally the Authors confirm that chronic inflammatory bowel disease may cause, especially in childhood, remarkable involvement on the growth and several psychological disorders.
Novel Ligand-Unsupported Diruthenium Compounds, [Ru2(Cl4Cat)4]n- (Cl4Cat = Tetrachlorocatecholate; n = 2 and 3)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Ligand-Unsupported Diruthenium Compounds, [Ru2(Cl4Cat)4]n- (Cl4Cat = Tetrachlorocatecholate; n = 2 and 3)Mitsuru Kondo, Mayumi Hamatani, Susumu Kitagawa, Cortlandt G. Pierpont, and Kei UnouraView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-03, Japan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215 Department of Materials and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, 990 Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2, 455–456Publication Date (Web):January 3, 1998Publication History Received22 October 1997Published online3 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973664qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973664qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Dirutheniums,Ligands,Molecules,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Totally Percutaneous Repair of an Aortic Arch Dissection: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Although the endovascular repair of descending thoracic aorta diseases is an already consolidated procedure, this approach is not well-established for ascending aorta and arch pathologies. A 71-year-old male patient who had undergone an open ascending aorta replacement ten years ago presented with a huge dissected aortic arch aneurysm. Vascular accesses were obtained with ultrasound-guided punctures, followed by aortic arch exclusion using aortic endoprostheses and the chimney-graft technique for preserving supra-aortic branches flow. This case demonstrates the feasibility of a totally percutaneous aortic arch repair provided that careful preprocedural planning and a dedicated team are available for such a challenging intervention.
Identification of Clinically and Pathophysiologically Relevant Rheumatoid Factor Epitopes by Engineered IgG Targets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Rheumatoid factors (RFs), which are anti‐IgG autoantibodies strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are also found in other diseases and in healthy individuals. RFs bind to various epitopes in the constant (Fc‐) domain of IgG. Therefore, disease‐specific reactivity patterns may exist. This study was undertaken in order to develop a new approach to dissecting RF epitope binding patterns across different diseases. Methods We analyzed RF reactivity patterns in serum from patients with seropositive arthralgia, patients with RA, and patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) using bioengineered, natively folded IgG‐Fc targets that demonstrated selective RF binding toward several distinct regions of the IgG‐Fc domain. Results Rheumatoid factor responses primarily bound the Fc Elbow region, with a smaller number of RFs binding the Fc Tail region, while the Fc receptor binding region was hardly targeted. A restricted reactivity against the IgG‐Fc Tail region was associated with less positivity for anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and less arthritis development in arthralgia, whereas combined reactivity toward IgG‐Fc Tail and Elbow regions was associated with more arthritis development. Reactivity toward the IgG‐Fc Tail region was observed far more frequently in RA than in primary SS. Conclusion Bioengineered IgG targets enable serologic characterization of RF reactivity patterns, and use of this approach appears to reveal patterns associated with ACPA detection and arthritis development in patients with arthralgia. These patterns are able to distinguish RA patients from primary SS patients. This new methodology improves the clinical value of RFs and our understanding of their pathophysiologic processes.