jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Infertility Associated with Meiotic Failure in the <i>tremor</i> Rat (<i>tm/tm</i>) is Caused by the Deletion of <i>Spermatogenesis Associated 22</i>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tremor rat is an autosomal recessive mutant exhibiting sterility with gonadal hypoplasia in both sexes. The causative mutation tremor (tm) is known as a genomic deletion spanning >200 kb in Chr 10q24. Spermatogenesis associated 22 (Spata22) has been shown to be a vertebrate-specific gene essential for the progression of meiosis through prophase I and completion of chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination using a mouse repro42 mutant carrying an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced nonsense mutation in Spata22. In this study, we show that Spata22 was identified as the gene responsible for the failure of gametogenesis to progress beyond meiosis I in tm homozygous rats by a transgenic rescue experiment. Meiosis was arrested during prophase I in the mutant testis. Precise mapping of the breakage point revealed that the deleted genomic region spanned approximately 240 kb and comprised at least 13 genes, including Spata22. Rat Spata22 was predominantly expressed in the testis, and its transcription increased with the first wave of spermatogenesis, as seen in the mouse ortholog. These results suggest that Spata22 may play an important role in meiotic prophase I in rats, as seen in mice, and that the tm homozygous rat may be useful for investigating the physiological function of Spata22, as an experimental system for clarifying the effect of a null mutation, and may be an animal model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of infertility caused by impaired meiosis.
EVALUATION OF NEW HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN SUMMER BLACKGRAM [Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper ]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2010 on medium black clayey soils to study the weed management in summer blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). An application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha pre-emergence+1 HW+IC at 40 DAS was found most effective in reducing weed population (viz. monocot, dicot and sedges weeds) and resulted in less dry weight of weeds (204 kg/ha), higher WCE (85.91%), higher herbicidal efficiency index (46.08%) as well as lowest WI (7.92%) and it was closely followed by oxyfluorfen 0.18 kg/ha pre-emergence+1 HW+IC at 40 DAS. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha preemergence+ 1 HW+IC at 40 DAS and oxyfluorfen 0.18 kg/ha pre-emergence+1 HW+IC at 40 DAS were found equally effective in yield parameters and yield over other treatments. Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS were found statistically at par in these parameters.
Deletion of p66Shc in mice increases the frequency of size‐change mutations in the lacZ transgene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Upon oxidative challenge the genome accumulates adducts and breaks that activate the DNA damage response to repair, arrest, or eliminate the damaged cell. Thus, reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generated by endogenous oxygen metabolism are thought to affect mutation frequency. However, few studies determined the mutation frequency when oxidative stress is reduced. To test whether in vivo spontaneous mutation frequency is altered in mice with reduced oxidative stress and cell death rate, we crossed p66Shc knockout (p66 KO ) mice, characterized by reduced intracellular concentration of ROS and by impaired apoptosis, with a transgenic line harboring multiple copies of the lac Z mutation reporter gene as part of a plasmid that can be recovered from organs into Escherichia coli to measure mutation rate. Liver and small intestine from 2‐ to 24‐month‐old, lac Z (p66Shc+/+) and lac Z p66 KO mice, were investigated revealing no difference in overall mutation frequency but a significant increase in the frequency of size‐change mutations in the intestine of lac Z p66 KO mice. This difference was further increased upon irradiation of mice with X ‐ray. In addition, we found that knocking down cyclophilin D , a gene that facilitates mitochondrial apoptosis acting downstream of p66 S hc, increased the size‐change mutation frequency in small intestine. Size‐change mutations also accumulated in death‐resistant embryonic fibroblasts from lac Z p66 KO mice treated with H 2 O 2 . These results indicate that p66 S hc plays a role in the accumulation of DNA rearrangements and suggest that p66 S hc functions to clear damaged cells rather than affect DNA metabolism.
Domestic Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This survey period saw continued evolution of domestic relations law through changes in legislation and case law. Legislation passed in the 2009 Session of the Georgia General Assembly took effect during this survey period, and the Georgia Supreme Court continued to accept non-frivolous appeals in divorce cases, which provides guidance to those interested in domestic relations law. PRENUPTIAL AGREEMENTS PLEADINGS CHILD CUSTODY CHILD SUPPORT ALIMONY DIVISION OF PROPERTY ADOPTION TRUSTS
Pagan Theology Paganism as a World Religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Pagan Theology, Michael York situates Paganism-one of the fastest-growing spiritual orientations in the West-as a world religion. He provides an introduction to, and expansion of, the concept of Paganism and provides an overview of Paganism's theological perspective and practice. He demonstrates it to be a viable and distinguishable spiritual perspective found around the world today in such forms as Chinese folk religion, Shinto, tribal religions, and neo-Paganism in the West.While adherents to many of these traditions do not use the word "pagan" to describe their beliefs or practices, York contends that there is an identifiable position possessing characteristics and understandings in common for which the label "pagan" is appropriate. After outlining these characteristics, he examines many of the world's major religions to explore religious behaviors in other religions which are not themselves pagan, but which have pagan elements. In the course of examining such behavior, York provides rich and lively descriptions of religions in action, including Buddhism and Hinduism.Pagan Theology claims Paganism's place as a world religion, situating it as a religion, a behavior, and a theology
[Effects of fosfomycin sodium upon hepatic functions (author's transl)].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Carbon nanotubes can be aligned by dispersing them in a liquid crystalline matrix. To control and optimize the obtained alignment it is important to understand the interactions between the molecules of the liquid crystal host phase and the carbon nanotubes. To this end we have carried out resonant Raman spectroscopy investigations of dispersions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a liquid crystal compound comprising molecules with a biphenyl rigid core structure. We detect a distinct wavenumber shift of the radial breathing modes, confirming that the carbon nanotubes interact with the surrounding liquid crystal molecules, most likely through aromatic interactions (p-stacking). The interactions between liquid crystal host and nanotube guests are also evident from a polarizing microscopy study of the liquid crystal–isotropic phase transition in the proximity of bundles of nanotubes. The ordered liquid crystal phase is stable up to higher temperatures around the bundles than in areas without visible signs of CNTs. Conversely, the transition from the disordered isotropic phase to the liquid crystal phase on cooling always nucleates at the carbon nanotube bundles.
Channel Profile Response to Abrupt Increases in Mountain Uplift Rates: Implications for Late Miocene to Pliocene Acceleration of Intracontinental Extension in the Northern Qinling Range-Weihe Graben, Central China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cenozoic extension of the Qinling range-Weihe Graben system has occurred in response to the uplift and growth of the Tibetan Plateau. Rapid exhumation of the northern Qinling range since the late Miocene is also regarded as resulting from the eastward expansion of the northeast part of Tibet. Tectonic evidence of this in the landscape remains unclear, but the fluvial system can provide a sensitive proxy record of tectonic forcing through space and over time scales of 105–107 a. Here, we present a study of channel profiles in the northern Qinling range, which forms a footwall highland separated from the southern Weihe Graben by active normal faults. We identify a population of knickpoints that separate river profiles with a gentle upstream gradient from steeper downstream reaches. Above the knickpoints, steepness indices increase from the central part towards the west and east, whereas channel steepness shows its highest values in the Huaxian-Huayin section. We observed no systematic changes of channel steepness pattern as a function of rock resistance, drainage area, or channel concavity. Correlation analysis between channel steepness and basin elevation and relief documents the control of tectonic forcing on regional topography. While bearing no relation to geological outcrop boundaries, the knickpoints show a strong correlation between retreat distance, catchment area, and river length. We infer that the knickpoints formed in response to an increase in mountain uplift rates and retreated as a kinematic wave. Under linear slope exponent n, we calibrated channel erodibility K~1.00±0.44×10−6 m0.1/a and derived knickpoint ages of 5.59±1.80 Ma. Combining the ages of onset of active faulting and mountain growth in the NE Tibetan Plateau (8–10 Ma, e.g., Liupan Shan, Jishi Shan, and eastern segments of the Haiyuan and Kunlun faults) and in the southwest Qinling range (9–4 Ma), we conclude that growth of the NE Tibetan Plateau began in the mid-Miocene time and expanded eastwards to the Qinling range-Weihe Graben during the late Miocene and early Pliocene.
Study of the Effect of N-Methyl Carbamate on the Electroencephalogram in Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In view of its proven effectiveness, both experimental and clinical, in cerebral arteriosclerosis, we administered Anginin, 6 tablets daily, in combination with a cerebral vasodilator and an antihypertensive agent in 8 cases of cerebral arteriosclerosis over a 3-month period, studied changes in EEG before and after administration and at the same time compared the results with those obtained in 4 cases of the same disease receiving the antihypertensive and cerebral vasodilator agents only (control group).In the treated group, the use of Anginin was associated with distinct improvement of the EEG findings in half of the cases, i.e., an increase in frequency and regularity of alpha waves, a diminution of slow waves, and disappearance of abnormal fast waves as well as of paroxysms, while in the non-treated control disappearance of slow waves was achieved in only 1 instance.From the fact, however, that in 4 of the 6 borderline cases the EEG findings remained unaffected by the drug administration it seems that the drug need be studied further on a larger group of cases over a prolonged period of time.
Combating Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Insights From Solvent-Extracted Fractions of Theobroma cacao

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Herbs have been used from time immemorial to treat and manage different diseases, including nutrient-related disorders. This study seeks to compare the anti-anaemic effects of different solvent fractions of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao in treating Iron-deficiency anaemia. The effect of administration of ethanol, ethyl acetate and N-hexane extract fractions of Theobroma cacao stem bark on some haematological parameters, serum ferritin of iron-deficient rats was investigated. Forty (40) albino rats with an average weight of 60.0 g were used. Ten (10) of the rats were placed on iron-sufficient feed, twenty-five (25) were fed iron iron-deficient diet, while the remaining five (5) were given commercial (standard) feed. The body Weight, packed cell volume (PCV), and Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) of the iron-deficient rats reduced significantly after eight (8) weeks of feeding, which confirms the presence of iron-deficient anaemia. The iron-deficient groups showed increased hematologic parameters when administered with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of Theobroma cacao extracts, respectively, for two (2) weeks. Their hematologic parameters also compared closely with those Iron Sufficient and Commercial Feed Groups. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed Saponins and Glycosides across board, ethanolic and ethyl acetate fractions contain tannins and phlobatannins, while ethanol and hexane fractions exclusively contain Terpenoids and Flavonoids, respectively. The results revealed that the administration of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Theobroma cacao reversed iron-deficiency anaemia and improved the weight of the animals.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Identification of TRIML2, a Novel p53 Target, that Enhances p53 SUMOylation and Regulates the Transactivation of Proapoptotic Genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Figure S1. Identification of differentially-regulated p53 target genes between P72 and R72 NHFs using microarray experiment.</p>
Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow over a Permeable Vertical Flat Plate Embedded in an Anisotropic Porous Medium

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An analysis is performed to study the heat transfer characteristics of steady mixed convection flow over a permeable vertical flat plate embedded in an anisotropic fluid-saturated porous medium. The effects of uniform suction and injection on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are numerically studied by employing an implicit finite difference Keller-box method. It is found that dual solutions exist for both assisting and opposing flows. The results indicate that suction delays the boundary layer separation, while injection accelerates it.
High-Resolution Structure of Murine Interleukin 1 Homologue IL-1F5 Reveals Unique Loop Conformations for Receptor Binding Specificity,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) F5 is a novel member of the IL-1 family. The IL-1 family are involved in innate immune responses to infection and injury. These cytokines bind to specific receptors and cause activation of NFkappaB and MAP kinase. IL-1F5 has a sequence identity of 44% to IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural antagonist of the IL-1 system. Here we report the crystal structure of IL-1F5 to a resolution of 1.6 A. It has the same beta-trefoil fold as other IL-1 family members, and the hydrophobic core is well conserved. However, there are substantial differences in the loop conformations, structures that confer binding specificity for the cognate receptor to IL-1beta and the antagonist IL-1Ra. Docking and superimposition of the IL-1F5 structure suggest that is unlikely to bind to the interleukin1 receptor, consistent with biochemical studies. The structure IL-1F5 lacks features that confer antagonist properties on IL-1Ra, and we predict that like IL-1beta it will act as an agonist. These studies give insights into how distinct receptor specificities can evolve within related cytokine families.
Collective motion in the frame of phase space moments (Nuclear scissors)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the phase space moments (or Wigner Function Moments (WFM)) method, which is developed to describe the collective motion. The method is generalized to take into account pair correlations. Its connection with RPA and Green's function method is analyzed in the simple model, the Harmonic Oscillator with Quadrupole–Quadrupole (HO+QQ) interaction. Possibilities of WFM method are demonstrated on an example of the nuclear scissors mode.
Study on the phase of interference signal in phase extraction based phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a phase extraction based phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR), external perturbation induced phase variation of Rayleigh backscattered light-wave (RBL) is obtained from time varying interference signal that is comprised of two RBLs with a spatial shift along the sensing fiber. In this paper, the phase of the interference signal in the phase extraction based Φ-OTDR is studied. Derivation is performed on the interference signal considering the interference of multiple RBL within probe pulse covered fiber section. Theoretical analysis and experimental results reveal that the phase of interference signal are wavelength independent while the intensity of interference signal are wavelength dependent.
NANAKIAN PHILOSOPHY The Term Defined

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sikhi (Sikhism) is based on the philosophy of Guru Nanak. Guru Nanak promulgated a unique and original philosophy for the welfare of the humanity. The next nine Sikh Gurus, who succeeded to the House of Nanak, preached and strengthened his philosophy. Since a new precise and specific term was needed to represent his philosophy to the humanity of the Science Age, a new term, Nanakian Philosophy, was coined based on the information given in the Aad Guru Granth Sahib and Sikh literature. Some Sikh scholars think that the use of this term is disrespectful and blasphemous to Guru Nanak. This article shows very clearly that such doubts and allegations are unfounded and the use of the term 'Nanakian Philosophy' is logical and justified.
Identification of environmental variables in Drosophila melanogaster natural populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Entender cómo las especies se adaptan al ambiente es aún una pregunta sin resolver en el campo de la Biología Evolutiva. Mientras el foco principal siempre ha estado en la base genética, los factores ambientales responsables de dichos procesos adaptativos se quedan por detrás. Nuestro objetivo principal es identificar las principales variables ambientales que contribuyen a la adaptación. Utilizamos poblaciones naturales de D. melanogaster de Europa y Norte América, y analizamos tanto SNPs como elementos transponibles (TEs). Para detectar y estimar las frecuencias de una población con precisión, actualizamos el algoritmo de T-lex y lanzamos una nueva versión: T-lex3. Realizamos un análisis de Asociación GenomaAmbiente (GEA) para awsociar las frecuencias alélicas de TEs y SNPs con las diferentes variables ambientales, e identificamos temperatura, lluvia y viento, como las variables más relevantes implicadas en la adaptación ambiental. Tambien encontramos 10 TEs asociados con al menos, una variable ambiental. Finalmente, desarrollamos una herramienta bioinfórmatica para integrar más de 200 genomas de D. melanogaster de todo el mundo, lo que facilitará los análisis ambientales espacial y temporalmente.
Host response profiles: a new theory to help us understand why and how attractants attract.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Much insect behavior is better described in terms of response profiles than by classical stimulus-response patterns; the response to a particular stimulus may vary with changing internal and external conditions, making it important to qualify statements such as "compound X is an attractant." Because of the large number of conditions that may affect responses, it is crucial to develop a theoretical basis to direct the collection of field and experimental data, and their interpretation. A theory-driven model can help us predict response profiles over a wide range of such conditions. We describe an example of such a model, the assumptions upon which it is based, how the model is constructed, and the types of results that a computer implementation of the model can produce.
Post encroachment time threshold identification for right-turn related crashes at unsignalized intersections on intercity highways under mixed traffic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unsignalized intersections in developing countries experience many serious conflicts between cross-traffic due to indiscipline traffic manoeuvrability. Historically, Post Encroachment Time (PET) has gained attention as a proximal indicator to analyze crossing conflicts. However, identifying an appropriate PET threshold to classify critical conflicts for highly heterogeneous traffic scenario is still an unexplored area. Consequently, this study proposes a novel approach of PET threshold identification with proof of application by collecting data from ten intersections located on four-lane intercity highways in the National Capital Region (NCR), India. Both crossing conflicts and right-turn related crash data (for the left-hand drive) are collected. Their correlations are thoroughly studied for each PET threshold using a quantitative technique considering all and individual vehicle categories. Finally, a qualitative analysis is done by ranking the sites based on cumulative PET and related crashes to verify the proposed quantitative technique. A PET threshold of 1 s is obtained from both the techniques which can be used to identify critical conflicts for unsignalized intersections located on four-lane intercity highways. The proposed methodology will serve as an alternative, faster and effective tool to evaluate the hazardousness of unsignalized intersections located on intercity highways under highly heterogeneous traffic condition.
Cramér type moderate deviations for self-normalized $ψ$-mixing sequences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $(η_i)_{i\geq1}$ be a sequence of $ψ$-mixing random variables. Let $m=\lfloor n^α\rfloor, 0< α< 1, k=\lfloor n/(2m) \rfloor,$ and $Y_j = \sum_{i=1}^m η_{m(j-1)+i}, 1\leq j \leq k.$ Set $ S_k^o=\sum_{j=1}^{k } Y_j $ and $[S^o]_k=\sum_{i=1}^{k } (Y_j )^2.$ We prove a Cramér type moderate deviation expansion for $\mathbb{P}(S_k^o/\sqrt{[ S^o]_k} \geq x)$ as $n\to \infty.$ Our result is similar to the recent work of Chen\textit{ et al.}\ [Self-normalized Cramér-type moderate deviations under dependence. Ann.\ Statist.\ 2016; \textbf{44}(4): 1593--1617] where the authors established Cramér type moderate deviation expansions for $β$-mixing sequences. Comparing to the result of Chen \textit{et al.}, our results hold for mixing coefficients with polynomial decaying rate and wider ranges of validity.
THE APOCALYPSE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article THE APOCALYPSE Get access L'Apocalypse de Jean, by ALFRED LOISY. ( E. Nourry, Paris, 1923.) Book of Revelation: theory of the text, re-arranged text and translation, commentary, by JOHN OMAN, Principal, Westminster College, Cambridge. ( University Press, Cambridge, 1923.) New Light on the Revelation of St John the Divine, by C. E. Douglas. ( The Faith Press, 1923.) The Apocalypse of St John, by Canon M. G. Glazebrook. ( Murray, 1923.) Visions of Hope and Fear, by GEORGE W. THORN ( Student Christian Movement, 32 Russell Square.) A. E. BROOKE A. E. BROOKE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXV, Issue 99, April 1924, Pages 303–309, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXV.99.303 Published: 01 April 1924