jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phages Affect Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Mineralization by Shaping Bacterial Communities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Viruses are considered to regulate bacterial communities and terrestrial nutrient cycling, yet their effects on bacterial metabolism and the mechanisms of carbon (C) dynamics during dissolved organic matter (DOM) mineralization remain unknown. Here, we added active and inactive bacteriophages (phages) to soil DOM with original bacterial communities and incubated them at 18 or 23 °C for 35 days. Phages initially (1-4 days) reduced CO2 efflux rate by 13-21% at 18 °C and 3-30% at 23 °C but significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 4-29% at 18 °C and 9-41% at 23 °C after 6 days, raising cumulative CO2 emissions by 14% at 18 °C and 21% at 23 °C. Phages decreased dominant bacterial taxa and increased bacterial community diversity (consistent with a "cull-the-winner" dynamic), thus altering the predicted microbiome functions. Specifically, phages enriched some taxa (such as Pseudomonas, Anaerocolumna, and Caulobacter) involved in degrading complex compounds and consequently promoted functions related to C cycling. Higher temperature facilitated phage-bacteria interactions, increased bacterial diversity, and enzyme activities, boosting DOM mineralization by 16%. Collectively, phages impact soil DOM mineralization by shifting microbial communities and functions, with moderate temperature changes modulating the magnitude of these processes but not qualitatively altering their behavior.
Comment on essd-2022-273

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Rice is the most important staple food in Asia. However, high-spatiotemporal-resolution rice yield datasets are limited over this large region. The lack of such products greatly hinders studies that are aimed at accurately assessing the impacts of climate change and simulating agricultural production. Based on annual rice maps in Asia, we incorporated multisource predictors into three machine learning (ML) models to generate a high-spatial-resolution (4âkm) seasonal rice yield dataset (AsiaRiceYield4km) for the 1995â2015 period. Predictors were divided into four categories that considered the most comprehensive rice growth conditions, and the optimal ML model was determined based on an inverse probability weighting method. The results showed that AsiaRiceYield4km achieves good accuracy for seasonal rice yield estimation (single rice: R2=0.88, RMSEâ=â920âkgâhaâ1; double rice: R2=0.91, RMSEâ=â554âkgâhaâ1; and triple rice: R2=0.93, RMSEâ=â588âkgâhaâ1). Compared with single rice from the Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM), the R2 of AsiaRiceYield4km was improved by 0.20, and the RMSE was reduced by 618âkgâhaâ1 on average. In particular, constant environmental conditions, including longitude, latitude, elevation and soil properties, contributed the most (â¼â45â%) to rice yield estimation. For different rice growth periods, we found that the predictors of the reproductive period had greater impacts on rice yield prediction than those of the vegetative period and the whole growing period. AsiaRiceYield4km is a novel long-term gridded rice yield dataset that can fill the unavailability of high-spatial-resolution seasonal yield products across major rice production areas and promote more relevant studies on agricultural sustainability worldwide. AsiaRiceYield4km can be downloaded from the following open-access data repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6901968 (Wu et al., 2022).
Visualization of guinea pig cochleae with computed tomography of diffraction enhanced imaging and comparison with histology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As a novel imaging method, X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) has extremely high sensitivity for weakly absorbing biological soft tissues. Recently, biomedical application research about DEI and computed tomography of DEI (DEI-CT) has become a hot issue. In this paper, a novel visualization method of micro biomedical structures is presented, which uses DEI-CT techniques to study guinea pig cochleae. The acquired DEI images clearly displayed the spiral structures and inner details of the guinea pig cochleae. DEI-CT reconstructions were obtained from the peak projection data and refraction angle projection data of guinea pig cochleae. Based on DEI-CT reconstructions, we implemented three-dimensional visualization of guinea pig cochleae. Moreover, visualization of guinea pig cochlea based on color images of the histological sections was performed for comparison with the results of DEI-CT. The advantages and limitations of the two methods in visualizing guinea pig cochleae are also discussed. This study demonstrates that DEI-CT is an effective method to visualize the biomedical micro-organs and minute tissues with a good contrast and spatial resolution.
Continuous GPS PPP-AR frequency transfer links

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we show that the SPARK software of the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) with their DCR (Decoupled Clock Rapid) products can be used to generate the PPP-AR continuous batch clock solutions of multiple days, which we use to build frequency transfer links between two remotely located GPS receivers. The reliability and confidence in forming the long-term frequency transfer links have been improved compared to Jian et al (2023 Metrologia 60 065002). We compare the SPARK PPP-AR links to an optical fiber and TWSTFT links for hundreds of days. The ~500-day-long comparisons with TWSTFT show no frequency bias for continental and cross-continental links. Frequency transfer links formed using the SPARK solutions have uncertainty of 1 × 10 − 15 / T , where T is in days, without reaching the noise floor, a critical requirement for comparing optical frequency standards and for the redefinition of the SI second. The short latency of the NRCan DCR products enables the quick availability of the PPP-AR links presented in this paper marking it particularly relevant for time sensitive applications.
EXTENDED DETERRENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents and analyzes the US extended deterrence commitments in the Middle East as well as those provided by regional states, and assesses the effectiveness and credibility of these commitments. The article then proceeds to analyze a situation wherein Iran successfully develops nuclear weapons. It considers first the security requirements and alternatives of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, and then proceeds to assess the stability—or instability—of an Israeli-Iranian nuclear balance. The enhancement of US extended deterrence in the region is required in order to deter Iran, reassure allies, and contribute to the stability of an Israeli-Iranian nuclear balance. The article also discusses several contextual issues, such as: the future form of US extended deterrence; distinguishing between the latter and other US extended deterrence commitments; and the different approaches of specific GCC states and Israel.
JAMAWelcomes the US Preventive Services Task Force

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH; and the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF); Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS; David C. Grossman, MD, MPH; Linda Ciofu Baumann, PhD, RN, APRN; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Mark Ebell, MD, MS; Francisco A. R. García, MD, MPH; Matthew Gillman, MD, SM; Jessica Herzstein, MD, MPH; Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS; Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH; Ann E. Kurth, PhD, RN, MSN, MPH; Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS; William R. Phillips, MD, MPH; Maureen G. Phipps, MD, MPH; Michael P. Pignone, MD, MPH
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structure of Trimethylammonium 7,8‐Dimercapto‐7,8‐dicarbaundecaborate(10) and Trimethylammonium anti‐7,7′:8,8′‐Bis(dithio)bis(7,8‐dicarbaundecaborate(10)).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Removal of B3 in 1,2‐dimercapto‐o‐carborane is achieved when its ammonium salt (I) is refluxed in ethanol in the presence of NaI.
Survey on Police Stress and Conflict During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a roadmap for a more prosperous and sustainable future. Goal 16 stipulates that everyone should have access to justice and that courts and the justice system should be a key component of national accountability systems. Institutional objectives include the police, prosecutors, courts, jail system, and justice and policing ministries. As a result, police officers play a crucial role in guaranteeing the safety of residents by protecting their lives. There is a commitment to live in safety and prosperity throughout the Goal 16 objectives. The COVID-19 outbreak affected many aspects of society, causing societal upheaval and changing customs, but first responders were particularly heavily afflicted. The purpose of police officers was to organize local shutdowns, foster social distance, and enforce stay-at-home requirements. Police personnel must encourage social separation and the use of face masks in order to reduce or break the COVID-19 epidemic's chain. As a result, documenting the magnitude of these effects is critical for justifying and efficiently targeting officers' responses, helping agencies and individuals to weather the storm. The stress and conflict issues that police officers face is addressed in this research. Furthermore, this study aims to assess the stress and conflict issues that police personnel experience. This study was conducted using a quantitative research design. The policemen from the Petaling Jaya District Police Headquarters are the respondents. A questionnaire is used to collect data, then analyzed using SPSS. This study's weakness is that more qualitative research is needed to go deeper into conflict and stress among police officers. According to the findings, most police officers have been stressed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and their increased workload. Furthermore, the study discovered that generational disparities in personality could lead to professional conflict among police personnel. According to the findings, police officers require a robust support system to ensure that their stress and conflict may be resolved or minimized during these challenging moments.
Chronic subdural hematoma in patients over 65 years old: Results of using a postoperative cognitive evaluation to determine whether to permit return to driving

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is usually associated with good recovery with burr hole irrigation and postoperative drainage under local anesthesia. In Japan, traffic accidents by the elderly drivers over 65 years old are severely increasing, and there is no consensus on whether or not to return to driving after CSDH treatment. We perform a postoperative cognitive assessment. We retrospectively investigated the return-to-driving rate and associated factors. Methods: Of the 45 patients over 65 y.o. and who had usually driven, 30 patients wished to drive again. We performed tests composed of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), line cancellation and line bisection task, Kohs block design test, trail making test (TMT)-A and B, Kana-hiroi test, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, and behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome, in order. When all tests’ scores were better than the cutoff values, we let patients drive again. When some of the scores were worse than the cutoff values, we reevaluated the patients at the outpatient every month. If the patients’ scores could not improve at the outpatient, we recommended them to stop driving. Results: Nineteen of 30 patients could return to driving. Worse MMSE, Kohs block design test, TMT-A, TMT-B scores, higher age, dementia, or consciousness disturbance as chief complaints were associated with driving disability. Conclusion: CSDH is known as treatable dementia. However, we should perform an objective cognitive assessment before discharge because only 63% of the patients over 65 y.o. who wished to drive could return to driving.
REGRESSOR DIMENSION REDUCTION WITH ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS: THE EXAMPLE OF DEMAND SYSTEMS WITH MANY GOODS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Microeconomic theory often yields models with multiple nonlinear equations, nonseparable unobservables, nonlinear cross equation restrictions, and many potentially multicolinear covariates. We show how statistical dimension reduction techniques can be applied in models with these features. In particular, we consider estimation of derivatives of average structural functions in large consumer demand systems, which depend nonlinearly on the prices of many goods. Utility maximization imposes nonlinear cross equation constraints including Slutsky symmetry, and preference heterogeneity yields demand functions that are nonseparable in unobservables. The standard method of achieving dimension reduction in demand systems is to impose strong, empirically questionable economic restrictions such as separability. In contrast, the validity of statistical methods of dimension-reduction such as principal components has not hitherto been studied in contexts like these. We derive the restrictions implied by utility maximization on dimension-reduced demand systems and characterize the implications for identification and estimation of structural marginal effects. We illustrate the results by reporting estimates of the effects of gasoline prices on the demands for many goods, without imposing any economic separability assumptions.
How Much Pornography Use Do Americans Think Is “Average” for a Man and Woman? Findings from a National Survey

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Though research has examined pornography viewing frequency and its correlates in national samples, researchers have yet to assess how much pornography use the general population thinks is "average" for men and women. Drawing on data from a nationally representative sample of American adults (Men: N = 1,127; Women = 1,382; total mean age = 50.0, SD = 17.4), it was hypothesized that Americans' estimations of how much pornography use is average for men and women would be shaped by perceptual mechanisms as well as the influence of religious subculture. Results show that age, personal pornography use, self-reported addiction to pornography, and religiosity (for men), were associated with Americans' perceptions of what is average for others. The association with personal pornography use was amplified for same-gender estimations, and Americans estimated the average man views pornography more frequently than the average woman. Americans rarely reported viewing pornography at higher rates than what they estimated for others. This study provides initial steps toward understanding gendered impressions of average pornography use and provides recommendations for how future research could explore differing mechanisms of same-gender and cross-gender perceptions.
Tooth fragment reattachment: an alternative for restoration of fractured anterior teeth.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The development of advanced adhesive systems has made it possible to bond various substrates, e.g., composite resin and vital or nonvital tooth structures. The management of coronal and coronoradicular fractures in the maxillary region with these adhesive materials is easier, safer, and more efficacious than the use of traditional treatment alternatives that involve the use of posts and cores and/or other mechanical devices to obtain retention. Ability to bond the dislocated segment of the fractured tooth constitutes a significant step forward in the management of this clinical condition.
The differential diagnosis of acute pelvic pain in various stages of the life cycle of women and adolescents: gynecological challenges for the family physician in an outpatient setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute pain is of sudden onset, intense, sharp or severe cramping. It may be described as local or diffuse, and if corrected takes a short course. It is often associated with nausea, emesis, diaphoresis, and anxiety. It may vary in intensity of expression by a woman's cultural worldview of communicating as well as her history of physical, mental, and psychosocial painful experiences. The primary care physician must dissect in an orderly, precise, and rapid manner the true history from the patient experiencing pain, and proceed to diagnose and treat the acute symptoms of a possible life-threatening problem.
Cortical Activations During Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This meta-analysis demonstrated that experiencing AVHs is associated with increased activity in fronto-temporal areas involved in speech generation and speech perception, but also within the medial temporal lobe, a structure notably involved in verbal memory. Such findings support a model for AVHs in which aberrant cortical activations emerge within a distributed network involved at different levels of complexity in the brain architecture. Critical future directions are considered.
REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENCES AND PROSPECT FOR CONVERGENCE IN BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE, 1964-1992

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper applies the sequential Malmquist index to calculate multi lateral, multi-factor productivity (MFP) indices for agriculture in 16 regions of Bangladesh from 1964 to 1992 and examines convergence among regions. Productivity grew at an average rate of 2.2% per annum, led by regions with high level of Green Revolution technology diffusion. The growth mainly occurred due to technological progress estimated at 2.1% per year. Overall technical efficiency declined slightly at 0.1% per year due to falling technical efficiency in most of the regions in later years. Both cross-section and time series tests confirmed that divergence among regions disappeared and agricultural productivity reached convergence in the long run.
Four Perspectives on the Value of Literature for Moral and Character Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We all know that something is eternal. and it ain’t houses and it ain’t names, and it ain’t earth, and it ain’t even the stars . . . everybody knows in their bones that something is eternal, and that something has to do with human beings. all the greatest people ever lived have been telling us that for five thousand years and yet you’d be surprised how people are always losing hold of it. There’s something way down deep that’s eternal about every human being.
Consumption of rodenticides by humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case report: Poisoning is a common problem worldwide. Among the various poisonings, rat poison accounts for a significant number of cases. The common rat poisons are anticoagulant containing (superwarfarins) and phosphide containing. In case of superwarfin poisoning, the major symptom is increased prothrombin time and the management is directed towards coagulation. In case of phosphide containing, the symptoms are non-specific and the patient should be managed symptomatically. We present three case vignettes of rat poisoning cases treated at our hospital. Since rat poisoning is a common problem, the hospitals should also develop standard treatment guidelines regarding the management of rat poisoning. One should also make the differential diagnosis of the poisoning based on the type of rat poison prior to the management.
Development of species-specific hybridization probes for marine luminous bacteria by using in vitro DNA amplification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

By using two highly conserved region of the luxA gene as primers, polymerase chain reaction amplification methods were used to prepare species-specific probes against the luciferase gene from four major groups of marine luminous bacteria. Laboratory studies with test strains indicated that three of the four probes cross-reacted with themselves and with one or more of the other species at low stringencies but were specific for members of their own species at high stringencies. The fourth probe, generated from Vibrio harveyi DNA, cross-reacted with DNAs from two closely related species, V. orientalis and V. vulnificus. When nonluminous cultures were tested with the species-specific probes, no false-positive results were observed, even at low stringencies. Two field isolates were correctly identified as Photobacterium phosphoreum by using the species-specific hybridization probes at high stringency. A mixed probe (four different hybridization probes) used at low stringency gave positive results with all of the luminous bacteria tested, including the terrestrial species, Xenorhabdus luminescens, and the taxonomically distinct marine bacterial species Shewanella hanedai; minimal cross-hybridization with these species was seen at higher stringencies.
Intelligent Semantic Search Engines for Opinion and Sentiment Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the last years, research and industry players have become increasingly interested in analyzing opinions and sentiments expressed on the social media web for product marketing and business intelligence. In order to adapt to this need search engines not only have to be able to retrieve lists of documents but to directly access, analyze, and interpret topics and opinions. This article covers an intermediate phase of the ongoing industrial research project ’DoXa’ aiming at developing a semantic opinion and sentiment mining search engine for the French language. The DoXa search engine enables topic related opinion and sentiment extraction beyond positive and negative polarity using rich linguistic resources. Centering the work on two distinct business use cases, the authors analyze both unstructured Web 2.0 contents (e.g., blogs and forums) and structured questionnaire data sets. The focus is on discovering hidden patterns in the data. To this end, the authors present work in progress on opinion topic relation extraction and visual analytics, linguistic resource construction as well as the combination of OLAP technology with semantic search.
The Use of Home Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Hypercapnic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The primary objective of this review is to assess the role of noninvasive ventilation in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with clinically stable hypercapnic respiratory failure.Noninvasive ventilation can be provided by either negative-pressure or positive-pressure devices.Of the two methods, positive-pressure devices are more commonly employed and are the focus of this review.The use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is widely accepted for the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure in hospitalized COPD patients during exacerbations.However, the value of chronic home noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory failure in stable patients with COPD is unresolved.Questions remain regarding the selection of patients most likely to benefit from home noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for stable COPD, the inspiratory pressures that should be administered, and how to maximize patient compliance.We review the available evidence to help elucidate what is known and what remains to be determined regarding the use of chronic home noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in these patients.(BRN Rev.