jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioassay for homogeneous parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis using the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A method for determining the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki parasporal crystal to the tabocco hornworm, Manduca sexta, is described. The use of both mortality and weight loss data have provided a highly sensitive and reproducible bioassay that can be used to compare relative toxicities of crystals from other subspecies as well as toxic components contained therein.
Optimal Meteorological Conditions at Selected NASCAR Facilities

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to determine the time of year with the highest probability of optimum conditions to hold an event at selected NASCAR tracks. This project is important to the NASCAR industry because it aims to minimize the number of events postponed or cancelled due to poor weather conditions and focus on keeping fans comfortable. This analysis is based on a set of optimum meteorological conditions intended to maximize fan comfort. These conditions include limits on: (1) a calculated apparent temperature that includes both moisture and wind chill effects, (2) wind speed, and (3) the presence of precipitation. Hourly weather data taken from a representative observation site located near each chosen track is examined and the frequency of optimum conditions is identified for specified periods to determine the probability of when the conditions will be optimum for an event.
The concept of 2D-imaging in redundant coordinates

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article pretends to be chance of contra-revolution in 2D-topology’s approaches. At first it introduces alegacy concept of 2D-topology’s presentation via limbo of redundant coordinate axes. The article presentssimple universal algorithm of 2D- Poisson’s denoising (whatever the terms “simple”, “universal” mean inindustry-standard dictionaries). Then a couple of other illustrative 2D-imaging approaches in medialradiography is presenting. The purpose of this article is cognitive interest of the author about application ofpresenting concept in further application domains.
Evolutionary Game Theory and Economics. Part 1. Optimality Principles and Models of Behavior Dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper discusses basic concepts of the evolutionary game theory and provides a survey of the most important applications to modeling of economic behavior. We expound the foundation for application of the Nash equilibrium concept to agents with bounded rationality and incomplete information. We discuss models of formation of payoff functions, or evolution of preferences.
The Influence of NATO on the Development of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of the autonomy of the EU legal order from norms adopted by other international organisations has been raised primarily by the Court of Justice vis-à-vis the European Community of late. Notwithstanding the fact that the jurisdiction of the Court does not extend to Title V of the EU Treaty on the Common Foreign and Security Policy, it is nevertheless interesting to study the impact of a security organisation like NATO on the autonomy of the EU because of the blurred legal borders between policy areas and the need for coherence and effectiveness in the realm of EU external action. This chapter sheds light on NATO’s influence on the development of the European Union’s institutional design, policy-making and operational experience gathering in the field of the Common Security and Defence Policy.
Evaluation of Learning Teams Versus Root Cause Analysis for Incident Investigation in a Large United Kingdom National Health Service Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Significant resource is invested into investigation of adverse healthcare events. Outcomes of such investigations have varying degrees of effectiveness. The “hierarchy of effectiveness” model proposes system-focused changes have greater impact than person-focused actions. The traditional approach to investigation is root cause analysis (RCA); however, such an approach does not prioritize system-focused action generation. Learning team-based investigations are thought to generate more effective system-focused actions; however, this has not been evaluated. Methods Retrospective mixed methods evaluation of learning teams compared with RCA. Twenty-two learning team investigations compared with 22 RCA investigations, with quantitative assessment of the number of system-focused and person-focused actions generated. Assignment of the two different methods to incidents was not random, with learning teams being selected for cases, which were initially judged to be process-focused problems. Semistructured interviews were conducted with four learning team facilitators with thematic analysis to identify causes for outcome variations. Results Learning team investigations yielded a median of 7.5 actions compared with 3.5 actions for RCA: 57% of learning team actions were system focused versus 30% for RCA. We identified variations in personnel involved, culture of the investigation, and differences in the investigative approaches as potential drivers for these differences. Conclusions We observed that learning team investigations that targeted process-focused problems generated more actions and a higher number of system-focused actions. There is a difference in culture created during learning team investigations. Although learning teams are not suitable for all investigations, they represent a readily reproducible and valuable addition to the investigative toolkit.
Passenger evacuation at a malfunctioning urban rail station based on interdependent networks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of urban rail evacuation analysis, little work addresses the mechanism of passenger propagation between urban rail and bus systems. This paper attempts to quantify the propagation mechanism to make evacuation scheduling reasonable and effective. First, it provides a set of methods for characterizing the law of passenger propagation in the region affected by a rail station failure, based on the theory of interdependent networks. An interdependent public transport network between the rail transit and buses in the affected region is constructed using the methods of Space L and Space P. In the network, the initial capacities are modeled, the redistribution rules of passengers and the status identification rules of stations are established, and the propagation results are characterized. Second, using the passenger propagation impact of a faulty rail station, an emergency bus-scheduling model is set up, aimed at minimizing the operating costs of emergency buses and maximizing the benefits for passengers. A genetic algorithm is devised to solve the scheduling model. Finally, an example is put forward to verify the feasibility of the designed methods. The example shows that the methods provide theoretical support and a decision aid for passenger evacuation strategies at faulty urban rail stations.
Phytochemical relationship of Euphorbia helioscopia and Euphorbia pulcherrima with Lactuca sativa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allelopathy is an important phenomenon that modifies the ecosystem. A plant can enhance or reduce the growth of other plant due to the presence of a number of allelochemicals in its different parts. Euphorbia helioscopia and Euphorbia pulcherrima are medicinal plant species. Both these species are collected from wild resources for various purposes. To reduce the pressure on wild population, it is important to bring them into cultivation. Therefore, the allelopathic effects of E. helioscopia and E. pulcherrima on the growth of lettuce seeds were studied. Three different concentrations (2%, 4% and 6%) of five different solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and distilled water) were used to estimate the allelopathic potential of the above-mentioned Euphorbia species. Results indicated a non-significant growth inhibitory effect of both plants on lettuce seeds. Different extracts reduced the growth of test plant to some extent but this inhibition was not significant. From the observed results, it was concluded that the studied Euphorbia species, being medicinally important crops, can be introduced as intercrop with other cash crops.
Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria of binary systems of carbon dioxide and 1-butyne, compared to other binary CO2 + C4Hn systems in terms of global parameters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria have been measured for binary systems carbon dioxide and 1-butyne at 303, 313, and 333 K. In advance, the accuracy of the experimental method was checked with the binary system carbon dioxide + n-butane in comparison to literature data. The measurements were performed using an analytical method with a recirculation view cell apparatus. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The interaction parameters kij of the binary systems of carbon dioxide and n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, and 1,3-butadiene were calculated and compared. The kij-values turned out to decrease with increasing degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbons. The binary mixtures of carbon dioxide with C4-hydrocarbons were located in a global phase diagram calculated for the Peng–Robinson equation of state for the first time here. The analysis of the global phase diagram shows that the unsaturation of the C4 molecules has a quantitative effect on the phase behaviour in contrast, for example, to the chain length effect.
Building platelet phenotypes: Diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1)-related disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Variants of the Diaphanous-Related Formin 1 (DIAPH-1) gene have recently been reported causing inherited macrothrombocytopenia. The essential/"diagnostic" characteristics associated with the disorder are emerging; however, robust and complete criteria are not established. Here, we report the first cases of DIAPH1-related disorder in Australia caused by the autosomal dominant gain-of-function DIAPH1 R1213X variant formed by truncation of the protein within the diaphanous auto-regulatory domain (DAD) with loss of regulatory motifs responsible for autoinhibitory interactions within the DIAPH1 protein. We affirm phenotypic changes induced by the DIAPH1 R1213X variant to include macrothrombocytopenia, early-onset progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and mild asymptomatic neutropenia. High-resolution microscopy confirms perturbations of cytoskeletal dynamics caused by the DIAPH1 variant and we extend the repertoire of changes generated by this variant to include alteration of procoagulant platelet formation and possible dental anomalies.
Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A faunistic survey in Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh revealed 43 species belonging to 25 genera, 16 tribes and eight subfamilies in two families, Hybosoridae and Scarabaeidae of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. All the species are recorded for the first time from the Sanctuary, while 31 species are new to the scarab fauna of Chhattisgarh, India.
Method for solving fully fuzzy linear programming problems using deviation degree measure

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A new fully fuzzy linear programming (FFLP) problem with fuzzy equality constraints is discussed. Using deviation degree measures, the FFLP problem is transformed into a crisp δ-parametric linear programming (LP) problem. Giving the value of deviation degree in each constraint, the δ-fuzzy optimal solution of the FFLP problem can be obtained by solving this LP problem. An algorithm is also proposed to find a balance-fuzzy optimal solution between two goals in conflict: to improve the values of the objective function and to decrease the values of the deviation degrees. A numerical example is solved to illustrate the proposed method.
The Interaction between Erythrocyte Organic Phosphates, Magnesium Ion, and Hemoglobin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Oxygen equilibria have been used to study the interaction between red cell organic phosphates, magnesium ion, and hemoglobin. We measured the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin solutions containing either 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) or ATP and varying concentrations of magnesium ion at 10°, 20°, and 30°. Deoxyhemoglobin and Mg2+ were competitors, binding reciprocally with the organic phosphates. Stability constants derived from these data were in the order: HbDPG g HbATP g MgATP g MgDPG. The binding of deoxyhemoglobin to 2,3-DPG was more temperature dependent than its binding to ATP (ΔH = -11 kcal per mole and -6.1 kcal per mole respectively). Unlike MgATP, the binding of magnesium ion to 2,3-DPG was independent of temperature. From these equilibria and a knowledge of the total red cell concentration of magnesium, ATP, 2,3-DPG, and hemoglobin, we have estimated the distribution of bound and unbound molecules within oxygenated and deoxygenated erythrocytes under physiological conditions. The bulk of red cell ATP is bound to magnesium and therefore is ineffective in mediating hemoglobin function. Upon deoxygenation there is a considerable increase in the concentration of free magnesium ion.
Extraction of Fetal Heart Rate from Maternal ECG—Non Invasive Approach for Continuous Monitoring during Labor

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Here, we propose a signal processing based approach for the extraction of the fetal heart rate (FHR) from Maternal Abdominal ECG (MAECG) in a non-invasive way. Datasets from a Physionet database has been used in this study for evaluating the performance of the proposed model that performs three major tasks; preprocessing of the MAECG signal, separation of Fetal QRS complexes from that of maternal and estimation of Fetal R peak positions. The MAECG signal is first preprocessed with improved multistep filtering techniques to detect the Maternal QRS (MQRS) complexes, which are dominant in the MAECG. A reference template is then reconstructed based on MQRS locations and removed from the preprocessed signal resulting in the raw FECG. This extracted FECG is further corrected and enhanced before obtaining the Fetal R peaks. The detection of FQRS and calculation of FHR has been compared against the reference Fetal Scalp ECG. Results indicate that the approach achieved good accuracy.
Enhancement of extractable ethylene at light/dark transition in primary leaves of paclobutrazol‐treated Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)pentan‐3‐ol], a triazole growth retardant, increased the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) level and resulted in reduced ethylene production, estimated as ethylene release in a closed system or by vacuum‐extraction, in the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Juliska seedlings exposed to light. At the light/dark transition, a definite enhancement of the endogenous ethylene level was observed by vacuum‐extraction of primary leaves of treated plants and the ethylene deficiency of retardant‐treated leaves ceased. The concentration of ACC after the light/dark transition followed the pattern for ethylene, and the increase in ACC content was paralleled by a decrease in malonyl‐ACC. It is concluded that the internal level of ethylene is not necessarily lower in the primary leaves of paclobutrazol‐treated bean plants, but under special environmental conditions in vivo it may reach that of the control.
Cloud-assisted rendering support for mobile online gaming Part C

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing had changed the outlook of IT industry, which enable the utilization of software and hardware in a virtual space instead of physical hardware. With the adoption of the cloud computing, the organizations can focus their capital onto other areas of their company instead of being tied down in the IT costs in the organization. Besides cost efficient due to elimination on costly hardware or engaging IT professionals, it provides other advantages such as “Almost” unlimited storage as limitation of the storage space no longer limits to the amount of hardware the organization have but the amount of cloud storage the organization bought through the cloud storage providers. Not only these, cloud computing provides easy access to information as long as there is internet connection. This easy to access feature not lets you move beyond time zone and geographic location issues. These advantage sparks a trend of organizations shifting from buying more physical hardware to engaging cloud computing services in the organization. With the rise of popularity of cloud computing, many companies began to innovate and integrate different type of areas into cloud computing. According to MyCloud website, for example, cloud computing could be used to integrate games and cloud to form cloud gaming. Cloud gaming defines as a type of online gaming which allows users to play games through the cloud servers. According to CloudTweaks website, there are two main type of cloud gaming. One of them is cloud gaming based on video streaming and the other one is cloud gaming based on file streaming. The main difference between the two main types are: cloud gaming based on video streaming run games on the company server which provides video stream of the game to the user while cloud gaming based on file streaming runs the game on the user’s physical machine. This project aims to develop a cloud gaming system based on video streaming. In order to develop this kind of cloud gaming, several mechanism of the system are required. The mechanism required are servers (web server, game serves and video servers), node manager, scheduler and VNC files. Web servers are deployed using Nginx and video servers is deployed using Node.js. MySQL is used as the database server. PHP, CSS, HTML language are used for the website. Python language is used for both the development of node manager and scheduler scripts.
We Are What We Write

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The profession of surgery has long purported to value its history. This study evaluates that interest by calculating the percent of historical articles in 4 major general surgery journals from 1885 to 2018 ( Annals of Surgery ; Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics ; American Journal of Surgery ; and Archives of Surgery ). Of all articles published over the last 133 years, 1.65% focused on history, although this percentage fluctuated between 0% and 4.77%. A peak in the 1920s likely both represents and buttresses a national movement to elevate and professionalize the field of surgery. A plurality of the articles were biographical. The proportion of history articles in these journals has been declining of late due to reasons such as the proliferation of periodicals and impact factor considerations. The new Annals of Surgery—Open promises an ideal forum to publish this work, celebrate our heritage, and study the history of who we are as surgeons.
REWAFL: Residual Energy and Wireless Aware Participant Selection for Efficient Federated Learning Over Mobile Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Participant selection (PS) helps to accelerate federated learning (FL) convergence, which is essential for the practical deployment of FL over mobile devices. While most existing PS approaches focus on improving training accuracy and efficiency rather than residual energy of mobile devices, which fundamentally determines whether the selected devices can participate. Meanwhile, the impacts of mobile devices heterogeneous wireless transmission rates on PS and FL training efficiency are largely ignored. Moreover, PS causes the staleness issue. Prior research exploits isolated functions to force long-neglected devices to participate, which is decoupled from original PS designs. In this paper, we propose a r

esidual e

nergy and w

ireless a

ware PS design for efficient FL

training over mobile devices (REWAFL). REWAFL introduces a novel PS utility function that jointly considers global FL training utilities and local energy utility, which integrates energy consumption and residual battery energy of candidate mobile devices. Under the proposed PS utility function framework, REWAFL further presents a residual energy and wireless aware local computing policy. Besides, REWAFL buries the staleness solution into its utility function and local computing policy. The experimental results show that REWAFL is effective in improving training accuracy and efficiency, while avoiding flat battery of mobile devices.
The value relevance of earnings, operating cash flow and accruals: A study on UK data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the work reported in this paper is to establish the value relevance of earnings, operating cash flows and accruals for UK companies. Innovations in this paper are threefold: the use of a valuation rather than a returns model to test value relevance; the prior that earnings and cash flow measure are complementary rather than competing measures of company performance; and the introduction of various economic contingencies or contextual factors, which are hypothesised to influence the valuation multipliers applied to earnings and their component variables. The results confirm the complementarity of earnings and cash flow for valuation purposes and that the valuation multipliers applied to the components of earnings do vary with specific company characteristics.
Distribution and Ecology of Small Mammals in Three Rain Forest Localities of Peninsula Malaysia With Particular References to Kedah Peak

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The small terrestrial mammals of an isolated Malaysian mountain were studied by live trapping and removal techniques. Population densities were estimated by removal trapping and compared with other estimates. The altitudinal distribution was examined using four line transects and a grid from 150-1000 m. The common tree shrew, Tupaia glis, occurred at all elevations, but the rats Leopoldamys sabanus, Maxomys suriferlrajab and M. whiteheadi were replaced by Niviventer bukit and Berylmys bowersii at 1000 m. Biomass estimates appeared to be greater than those given for small ground mammals in other Malayan rainforests, but less than those in Neotropical forests. Tupaia glis showed a definite breeding season. Survival rate for Maxomys surifer was 0.80/ month. All trapped animals ate insects, but these were major items only for Tupaia glis, Leopoldamys sabanus, and Maxomys
Black box evolutionary optimization design of complex optical systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Freeform optics bring new degrees of freedom to optical systems and require the abilities both to describe any surface (continuous or not) and to optimize their shape together with the geometry of the entire system. This increases the number of variables, and therefore the complexity of the fitness function to be minimized in order to obtain highest optical performance. Most proprietary algorithms from commercial solutions cannot handle more than tens of variables and/or noisy function landscape limiting the implementation of such free-form in optical systems. Here, CMA-ES algorithm is coupled to parallel computation of ray tracing simulations able to cover the high computational demand. The benefits of such state-of-the-art evolutionary optimization algorithms is a one-step convergence by exploring the entire landscape of solutions without the need of any starting optical architecture.