jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Correlation Study of Student Attitudes Toward Science in a Southern State High School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this correlational research study was to examine the attitudes toward science of students in Grades 11 and 12 and to investigate if there were differences resulting from gender, grade level, ethnicity, and the level of the curriculum received in average or advanced placement (AP) honors science. The participants of this study consisted of 50 randomly selected male and female high school students who were enrolled in AP and average science classes in an urban Southern state high school. The study used the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) instrument to measure students’ attitudes toward science in seven categories including (a) Social Implications of Science, (b) Normality of Scientists, (c) Attitude Toward Scientific Inquiry, (d) Adoption of Scientific Attitudes, (e) Enjoyment of Science Lessons, (f) Leisure Interest in Science, and (g) Career Interest in Science. The quantitative component of the study allowed the researcher to determine whether there were gender differences in attitudes toward science based on the seven subscales and measuring different aspects of science attitudes. Statistical treatment of the TOSRA survey involved the use of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple and linear regression. Findings did not reveal significant gender differences on the total attitude scores although there were differences on several of the subscales. In addition, there were no significant differences in the mean attitude scores for grade level. However, the study did reveal differences in ethnicity and attitudes toward science. With regard to ethnicity, scores for Native Americans and Whites were higher than scores for Asians, African Americans, and Hispanics indicating that Native Americans and White students showed a more positive attitude toward science. Regarding the level of curriculum received by students who were exposed to advanced level science courses showed more positive attitudes toward science than those students who were enrolled in average science classes.
Functional analysis of AP-2γ as an estrogen receptor α (ERα) cofactor in breast cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To functionally analyze the role of AP-2γ as an ERα cofactor in breast cancer, we focused on examining the phenotypic role of AP-2γ in breast cancer and question if AP-2γ is able to reprogram the transcriptional network of ERα. From our knockdown experiments in MCF-7, we had demonstrated that AP-2γ is not involved in cellular proliferation. Instead, it promotes breast cancer by mediating cell survival. Furthermore, we showed that AP-2γ silencing resulted in the down-regulation of ERα-upregulated genes, and this was verified by our over- expression experiments in U2OS Tet-on-ERα, a cell line that lacks AP-2γ expression. Hence, it can be ascertained that AP-2γ is required for the transcription of ERα-regulated genes. However, we observed a minimal effect on promoting cell survival after over-expression of AP-2γ in U2OS Tet-on-ERα. Such phenomenon could be explained by the requirement of other transcription factors that might cooperate with AP-2γ in the reprogramming machinery. Despite the partial reprogramming ability, we noticed a significant reduction in cell death in EtOH-treated U2OS Tet-on-ERα. Therefore, we can suggest that AP-2γ is able to reprogram the ERα transcription network to a certain extent.
Rx3 and Shh direct anisotropic growth and specification in the zebrafish tuberal/anterior hypothalamus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the developing brain, growth and differentiation are intimately linked. Here we show that in the zebrafish embryo, the homeodomain transcription factor rx3 co-ordinates these processes to build the tuberal/anterior hypothalamus. Analysis of rx3 chk mutant/rx3 morphant fish and EdU pulse-chase studies reveal that rx3 is required to select tuberal/anterior hypothalamic progenitors and to orchestrate their anisotropic growth. In the absence of rx3 function, progenitors accumulate in the 3rd ventricular wall, die or are inappropriately-specified, the shh+ anterior recess does not form, and its resident pomc+, ff1b+ and otp+ TH+ cells fail to differentiate. Manipulation of Shh signalling shows that shh co-ordinates progenitor cell selection and behaviour by acting as an on-off switch for rx3. Together our studies show that shh and rx3 govern formation of a distinct progenitor domain that elaborates pattern through its anisotropic growth and differentiation.
<i>Perilla frutescens</i> and Blood Sugar Balance: A Functional Perspective on Diabetes Management - A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Perilla frutescens, a cherished herb native to Uttarakhand, India, has been a part of traditional medicine for generations. It is now gaining recognition for its potential in managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review closely examines the herb’s antidiabetic properties and the bioactive compounds- such as rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and perillaldehyde-that contribute to its therapeutic effects. These compounds are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and blood sugar-lowering capabilities. In Uttarakhand, P. frutescens has traditionally been used to treat various metabolic disorders, including diabetes, reflecting the community’s deep-rooted knowledge of natural remedies. Combining this traditional wisdom with modern scientific evidence allows us to explore innovative, holistic strategies to manage T2DM more effectively. This integrated approach highlights the importance of acknowledging and valuing traditional practices while building on them with contemporary research to provide better care for individuals with diabetes. Major Findings: This review highlights the impressive anti-diabetic potential of Perilla frutescens due to its high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and omega-3 fatty acids. It shows promise in regulating blood glucose levels, reducing oxidative stress, and improving insulin response. It is a valuable functional food candidate for managing Type 2 Diabetes and supporting palliative care.
Significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and cancer antigen 15.3 in patients with triple negative breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background A pilot study was undertaken to find significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cancer antigen (CA 15.3) in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods Total 70 patients with breast cancer were divided into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC depending on oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors or HER-2/neu receptors status. Serum CA 15.3 and VEGF levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the time of diagnosis and were correlated with age, tumour size and stage of the disease in both the groups. Spearman's test was used to find the correlation. Results VEGF levels were found to be >400 pg/ml in 27 patients, 19 (54·33%) of them were TNBC and only 8 (22·87%) non-TNBC. Mean values of the VEGF were, 784·34 pg/ml in TNBC and 334·60 pg/ml non-TNBC patients, respectively. CA 15.3 level was found to be higher in non-TNBC group (60·72 U/ml) than in TNBC group (45·24 U/ml). In all patients significant correlation was found between serum CA 15.3 level and tumour size and stage of the disease. In non-TNBC patients significant correlation was seen between CA 15.3 values and stage of the disease, but VEGF had no correlation with any of the disease parameters. In TNBC patients, there was no correlation between CA 15.3 level and any of the disease parameters but VEGF showed a significant correlation with both tumour size and stage of the disease. Conclusion Expression profile of VEGF was high in TNBC than non-TNBC patients. VEGF serves to be a better biomarker as compared with CA 15.3 in TNBC patients.
Paving the way

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article looks at the role played by a category of actors –the brokers- in the expansion of multinationals. Frequently invisible, their actions are nonetheless crucial in establishing the global connections that enable multinationals to grow and prosper around the world. With this figure, we propose to study the groundwork on which these global connections are built. Our investigation is based on the ethnography of a renewable energy infrastructure development project on Lubang Island in the Philippines. We show that the role of the broker is not only to connect people who are strangers to each other, but also and above all to prepare the ground for the territorialization of multinationals.
Precanonical structure of the Schrödinger wave functional in curved space-time

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A relationship between the functional Schrödinger representation and the precanonical quantization of a scalar field theory is extended to an arbitrary curved space-time. The canonical functional derivative Schrödinger equation is derived from the manifestly covariant precanonical Schrödinger equation and the Schrödinger wave functional is expressed as the trace of the product integral of Clifford-algebra-valued precanonical wave functions restricted to a certain field configuration when the ultraviolet parameter $\varkappa$ introduced in precanonical quantization is infinite. Thus the standard QFT in functional Schrödinger representation emerges from the precanonical formulation of quantum fields as a singular limiting case.
Suppression of Mycorrhizal Growth Response of Big Bluestem by Non-Sterile Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACTInoculum potential of Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum was reduced significantly in pasteurized soil amended with a sieved suspension from non-sterile soil. Regardless of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum dosage, dry weight and root colonization of plants grown in pasteurized soil with non-sterile soil sievings never equalled those of plants grown in pasteurized soil alone. However, plants exposed to non-sterile soil were more colonized and grew faster than plants in pasteurized soil alone. Only after 13 wk were plants in pasteurized soil significantly more colonized, and after 16 wk larger in dry weight than their counterparts in non-sterile soil or pasteurized soil with sievings. Apparently, loss of inoculum potential alone cannot fully explain the suppression of plant growth observed in non-sterile soil. The suppressive effects of non-sterile soil may be best related to microbial mediation of nutrient availability in soil.Key Words: inoculum potentialGlomus etunicatumGlomus mosseaeinoculum dosage
A NOVEL DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION APPROACH TO IMPROVE MICROARRAY DATA CLASSIFICATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cancer tumor prediction and diagnosis at an early stage has become a necessity in cancer research, as it provides an increase in the treatment success chances. Recently, DNA microarray technology became a powerful tool for cancer identification, that can analyze the expression level of a different and huge number of genes simultaneously. In microarray data, the large genes number versus a few records may affect the prediction performance. In order to handle this "curse of dimensionality" constraint of microarray dataset while improving the cancer identification performance, a dimensional reduction phase is necessary. In this paper, we proposed a framework that combines dimensional reduction methods and machine learning algorithms in order to achieve the best cancer prediction performance using different microarray datasets. In the dimensional reduction phase, a combination of feature selection and feature extraction techniques was proposed. Pearson and Ant Colony Optimization was used to select the most important genes. Principal Component Analysis and Kernel Principal Component Analysis were used to linearly and non-linearly transform the selected genes to a new reduced space. In the cancer identification phase, we proposed four algorithms C5.0, Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine. Experimental results demonstrated that the framework performs effectively and competitively compared to state-of-the-art methods. ABSTRAK: Ramalan tumor kanser dan diagnosis pada peringkat awal telah menjadi keperluan dalam kajian kanser, kerana ia membuka peluang peningkatan kejayaan dalam rawatan. Kebelakangan ini, teknologi mikrotatasusunan DNA menjadi alat berkuasa bagi mengenal pasti kanser, di mana ia mampu menganalisa level ekspresi yang pelbagai dan gen-gen yang banyak secara serentak. Dalam data mikrotatasusunan, gen-gen yang banyak ini bakal menentukan ramalan prestasi berbanding analisa melalui rekod-rekod yang sebilangan. Fasa pengurangan dimensi adalah perlu bagi mengawal kakangan "penentuan kedimensian" dataset mikrotatasusunan, sementara itu ia memantapkan lagi keberkesanan kenal pasti kanser. Kajian ini mencadangkan rangka kombinasi kaedah pengurangan dimensi dan algoritma pembelajaran mesin bagi mencapai prestasi ramalan kanser terbaik dengan menggunakan pelbagai dataset mikrotatasusunan. Dalam fasa pengurangan dimensi, kombinasi pemilihan ciri dan teknik pengekstrakan ciri telah dicadangkan, Pengoptimuman Pearson dan Koloni Semut bagi memilih gen yang paling penting, Analisis Komponen Prinsipal dan Analisis Komponen Prinsipal Kernel, bagi menukar gen terpilih yang linear dan tak linear kepada ruang baru yang dikurangkan. Dalam menentukan fasa mengenal pasti kanser, kajian ini mencadangkan empat algoritma iaitu C5.0, Regresi Logistik, Rangkaian Neural Buatan dan Mesin Vektor Sokongan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan rangka ini adalah berkesan dan kompetitif berbanding kaedah semasa.
Failure to detect human papillomavirus in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Recent studies have reported evidence of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV‐16) in a very high proportion of pathological specimens of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, but not in control specimens, motivating the proposal that viral infection during fetal development may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasias. However, the significance of the association between HPV infection and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, and its reproducibility across surgical centers, remain unclear. Here we sought evidence for HPV‐16 in an independent cohort of surgical specimens. Methods We identified 14 specimens of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb from a single surgical center between 1995 and 2013. Multiple methods were used to establish presence or absence of HPV, including DNA polymerase chain reaction, conventional in situ hybridization, chromogenic in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry for p16. Results We found no conclusive evidence of HPV in any of the specimens. All but 1 of the cases were negative by >1 method. Interpretation These results raise questions about the prevalence of HPV infection in focal cortical dysplasias and about its potential importance as a causative agent. Ann Neurol 2015;78:63–67
An approach to hesitant fuzzy multi-stage multi-criterion decision making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop some weight determining methods for hesitant fuzzy multi-criterion decision making (MCDM) in which the preference information on attributes is collected over different periods. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the proposed weight determining methods and dynamic hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators, an approach is developed to solve the hesitant fuzzy multi-stage multi-attribute decision-making problem where all the preference information of attributes over different periods is represented in hesitant fuzzy values. Findings – In order to determine the weights associated with dynamic hesitant fuzzy operators, the authors propose the improved maximum entropy method and the minimum average deviation method. Research limitations/implications – This paper does not consider the multi-stage multi-criteria group decision-making problem. Practical implications – An example concerning the evaluation of rangelands is given to illustrate the validation and efficiency of the proposed approach. It should be stated that the proposed approach can also be implemented into other multi-stage MCDM problems. Originality/value – The concept of hesitant fuzzy variable (HFV) is defined. Some operational laws and properties of the HFVs are given. Moreover, to fuse the multi-stage hesitant fuzzy information, the aggregation operators of hesitant fuzzy sets are extended to that of the HFVs.
Ribophorin I regulates substrate delivery to the oligosaccharyltransferase core

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein N-glycosylation is widespread among biological systems, and the fundamental process of transferring a lipid-linked glycan to suitable asparagine residues of newly synthesized proteins occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The core reaction is mediated by Stt3p family members, and in many organisms this component alone is sufficient to constitute the so called oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). However, eukaryotes typically have a more elaborate OST with several additional subunits of poorly defined function. In the mammalian OST complex one such subunit, ribophorin I, is proposed to facilitate the N-glycosylation of certain precursors during their biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we use cell culture models to show that ribophorin I depletion results in substrate-specific defects in N-glycosylation, clearly establishing a defined physiological role for ribophorin I. To address the molecular mechanism of ribophorin I function, a cross-linking approach was used to explore the environment of nascent glycoproteins during the N-glycosylation reaction. We show for the first time that ribophorin I can regulate the delivery of precursor proteins to the OST complex by capturing substrates and presenting them to the catalytic core.
Heritage and Reinvention: A Cultural Narrative Study of Han and Tang Ceremonial Ceramics from the Perspective of Cultural Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cultural memory is the interactive expression of past historical memory, identity recognition, and cultural continuity. The cultural inheritance of Han and Tang ceremonial ceramics is not only a simple reminiscence and "replication" of the past culture, but also a cultural reinvention rooted in the present and future, aiming to remedy the erosion and dissolution suffered in daily life. Constructing cultural inheritance through cultural memory requires reshaping memory in the context of "living inheritance" combining the cultural connotation of Han and Tang ceremonial ceramics with the conditions of the times, and endowing them with new contemporary significance. Through the living inheritance and modern reinvention of Han dynasty ceremonial ceramics, cultural memory forms a cultural transmission chain, identifying the cultural genes of Han and Tang ceremonial ceramics applicable in contemporary China, and facilitating their creative transformation and innovative development.
Effect of Minor Alloying Elements on Hot-Workability of Ni-Cr-W Superalloys.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Research and development have been carried out on new heavy duty Ni-Cr-W superalloys for application to the structural components of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors with coolant outlet temperatures of around 1,000°C. In the first step of the program, the basic chemical composition, i.e, Cr/W contents in the alloy was determined to be Ni-18 to 19 mass.% Cr-20 to 22 mass% W. In order to examine the effect of additional alloying elements, i.e, Si, Mn, Y, B, Ti etc, on the hot-workability, a series of high-strain-rate high-temperature tension tests, so-called Gleeble tests, was carried out on 21 heats of the alloys with the basic chemical composition of Ni-18 to 19 mass% Cr-20 to 22 mass% W. The addition of Si and Mn is extremely harmful to the hot-workability. On the contrary, the addition of Y is very effective in improving the hot-workability. The addition of B and Ti is also beneficial. Neither enrichment of C nor addition of Nb or Fe is significantly beneficial to the hot-workability. The multiple regression analysis technique is applicable to the prediction of the hot-workability of Ni-Cr-W superalloys. KEYWORDS: HTGRVHTRheat resisting alloysNi-Cr-W superalloyhot-workabilityGleeble testalloy developmentminor alloying elementregression analysisadditivessiliconmanganeseyttriumborontitanium
Protein kinetics: Structures of intermediates and reaction mechanism from time-resolved x-ray data

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We determine the number of authentic reaction intermediates in the later stages of the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein at room temperature, their atomic structures, and a consistent set of chemical kinetic mechanisms, by analysis of a set of time-dependent difference electron density maps spanning the time range from 5 μs to 100 ms. The successful fit of exponentials to right singular vectors derived from a singular value decomposition of the difference maps demonstrates that a chemical kinetic mechanism holds and that structurally distinct intermediates exist. We identify two time-independent difference maps, from which we refine the structures of the corresponding intermediates. We thus demonstrate how structures associated with intermediate states can be extracted from the experimental, time-dependent crystallographic data. Stoichiometric and structural constraints allow the exclusion of one kinetic mechanism proposed for the photocycle but retain other plausible candidate kinetic mechanisms.
Algorithmen und Strukturen in C

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript is the basis of a lecture on algorithms and data structures. lt starts with the definition of the terms algorithm, complexity, efficiency, and the asymptotic behavior of an algorithm. Data structures are then defined on various abstraction levels and it is shown how structures like arrays, sets, lists, graphs, trees, etc. can be mapped on a computer in order to achieve efficient operations on these structures as, e.g. accessing tree elements or sorting list elements. Tue resulting data structures describe the storage method as well as the basic operations on these data. Program kernels based on the described data structures are presented in C which can be combined for the solution of more complex problems. Complexity investigations are performed for the operations presented which allow a comparison of different algorithms with respect to time and space requirements. In the second part algorithms for various tasks, e.g. searching and sorting of list elements, efficient storage methods, and graph algorithms are described. These can be used as building blocks for more complex problems. Examples from different areas are presented and analyzed with respect to their asymptotic behavior.