jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Author Who Wasn't There? Fairness and Attribution in Publications Following Access to Population Biobanks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We conducted a document analysis that explored publication ethics and authorship in the context of population biobanks from both a theoretical (e.g. normative documents) and practical (e.g. biobank-specific documentation) perspective. The aim was to provide an overview of the state of authorship attribution in population biobanks and attempt to fill the gap in discussions around the issue. Our findings demonstrate that the most common approach adopted in both the normative and biobank-specific documentation is acknowledgment. A co-authorship approach was second and highlighted concerns surrounding the fairness of imposing authorship of the scientific leadership as a condition to access data and biosamples, as well as the alignment with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ criteria such as what is deemed a significant contribution and how to ensure accountability. Based on these findings, we propose a three-prong approach, that may be cumulative, to address the issue of authorship attribution in the context of population biobanks, namely 1) the biobank should be appropriately acknowledged; 2) an invitation for co-authorship should be made based on the spirit of collaboration and provided a substantial contribution has been made; and 3) a citation/referencing option should be available.
Differential Privacy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Differential privacy (DP) is a widely accepted statistical framework for protecting data privacy. The idea of DP was initially introduced to human private data, mainly medical and health records, but it is now clear that the same ideas can have a major contribution in infrastructure systems, including railway track engineering. This chapter introduces the concept of differential privacy to railway track data collection and evaluation. DP is the current application that is discussed in the realm of sensitivity of railway track data and in addressing how the sensitivity attributes in track data can cause unwarranted danger to the safety and smooth operation of the train, for example, how an intruder to railway track monitoring data could be capable of identifying some of the critical and vulnerable parts of the track. There are three kinds of privacy protections: data collection protection, data releasing protection, and data analysis protection.
α‐Glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activities of phloroglucinal derivatives from edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action, which can lead to damaged blood vessels and nerves. With respect to effective therapeutic approaches to treatment of DM, much effort has being made to investigate potential inhibitors against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase from natural products. The edible marine brown alga Ecklonia cava has been reported to possess various interesting bioactivities, which are studied here. RESULTS: In this study, five phloroglucinal derivatives were isolated from Ecklonia cava : fucodiphloroethol G ( 1 ), dieckol ( 2 ), 6,6′‐bieckol ( 3 ), 7‐phloroeckol ( 4 ) and phlorofucofuroeckol A ( 5 ); compounds 1, 3 and 4 were obtained from this genus for the first time and with higher yield. The structural elucidation of these derivatives was completely assigned by comprehensive analysis of nuclear magnetic spectral data. The anti‐diabetic activities of these derivatives were also assessed using an enzymatic inhibitory assay against rat intestinal α‐glucosidase and porcine pancreatic α‐amylase. Most of these phlorotannins showed significant inhibitory activities in a dose‐dependent manner, responding to both enzymes, especially compound 2 , with the lowest IC 50 values at 10.8 µmol L −1 (α‐glucosidase) and 124.9 µmol L −1 (α‐amylase), respectively. Further study of compound 2 revealed a non‐competitive inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase using Lineweaver‐Burk plots. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that Ecklonia cava can be used for nutritious, nutraceutical and functional foods in diabetes as well as for related symptoms. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Essays on the econometric evaluation of monetary business cycle models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Cette these porte sur l’evaluation econometrique du modele neo-keynesien. Ce modele constitue a l’heure actuelle un cadre de reference pour l’etude de la politique monetaire, a la fois dans le milieu academique et dans les institutions ayant a leur charge la conduite de la politique monetaire. Cette these confronte le modele neo-keynesien aux donnees americaines et europeennes et cette confrontation s’organise autour de trois points principaux : la capacite du modele a reproduire la persistance de l’inflation, a expliquer la source de la Grande Moderation , c'est-a-dire la stabilite des donnees macroeconomiques observees depuis 1980 jusqu’a la recente crise financiere, et enfin la capacite du modele a expliquer la nature endogene (ou non) des changements de regime de politique monetaire. L’estimation du modele conduit a trois resultats principaux. Tout d’abord, le modele reproduit parfaitement la persistance de l’inflation des lors que la cible d’inflation de la banque centrale fait partie des variables expliquant l’inflation dans la courbe de Phillips neo-keynesienne. Ensuite, le modele reproduit la Grande Moderation et montre que ses origines sont liees a une bonne conduite de politique monetaire et aussi a la diminution de la volatilite des chocs exogenes affectant l’economie. Enfin, les changements de regime de politique monetaire sont endogenes dans la Zone Euro, tandis que pour le cas americain, ils sont beaucoup plus lies aux periodes auxquelles un nouveau president de la Reserve change est designe, dans le cas americain.
LHD 4O-BC02-L01 #175683.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 4-O port camera, where ROI is (618,434) - (702,550) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
New Measurements and Calculations on the Kinetics of an Old Reaction: OH + HO2 → H2O + O2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Literature rate coefficients for the prototypical radical-radical reaction at 298 K vary by close to an order of magnitude; such variations challenge our understanding of fundamental reaction kinetics. We have studied the title reaction at room temperature via the use of laser flash photolysis to generate OH and HO2 radicals, monitoring OH by laser-induced fluorescence using two different approaches, looking at the direct reaction and also the perturbation of the slow OH + H2O2 reaction with radical concentration, and over a wide range of pressures. Both approaches give a consistent measurement of k1,298K ∼1 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, at the lowest limit of previous determinations. We observe, experimentally, for the first time, a significant enhancement in the rate coefficient in the presence of water, k1,H2O, 298K = (2.17 ± 0.09) × 10-28 cm6 molecule-2 s-1, where the error is statistical at the 1σ level. This result is consistent with previous theoretical calculations, and the effect goes some way to explaining some, but not all, of the variation in previous determinations of k1,298K. Supporting master equation calculations, using calculated potential energy surfaces at the RCCSD(T)-F12b/CBS//RCCSD/aug-cc-pVTZ and UCCSD(T)/CBS//UCCSD/aug-cc-pVTZ levels, are in agreement with our experimental observations. However, realistic variations in barrier heights and transition state frequencies give a wide range of calculated rate coefficients showing that the current precision and accuracy of calculations are insufficient to resolve the experimental discrepancies. The lower value of k1,298K is consistent with experimental observations of the rate coefficient of the related reaction, Cl + HO2 → HCl + O2. The implications of these results in atmospheric models are discussed.
Annals Academy of Medicine Accuracy of FNAC and FS for Salivary Gland Lesions—Lincoln GL Tan and Mark LC Khoo Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Frozen Section Histopathology for Lesions of the Major Salivary Glands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Identifying malignancy either preoperatively or intraoperatively can have a significant impact on the management of salivary gland tumours. We review our experience with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and frozen section (FS) for salivary gland lesions. We analyse the accuracy of both modalities and their influence on management. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 114 patients who underwent salivary gland surgery, 91 with
A Combination of Transcriptome and Enzyme Activity Analysis Unveils Key Genes and Patterns of Corncob Lignocellulose Degradation by Auricularia heimuer under Cultivation Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cultivation of Auricularia heimuer, a species of edible mushroom, heavily relies on the availability of wood resources serving as substrate for the growth of the species. To ensure the sustainable development of the A. heimuer industry and optimize the utilization of corncob as a substrate, this study sought to investigate the potential use of corncob as a substrate for the cultivation of A. heimuer. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of corncob lignocellulose by A. heimuer at the mycelium, primordium, and fruiting stages, by specifically examining the expression profiles of both carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and the transcriptome of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relevant to corncob biomass degradation. The results revealed 10,979, 10,630, and 11,061 DEGs at the mycelium, primordium, and fruiting stages, respectively, while 639 DGEs were identified as carbohydrate-active enzymes. Of particular interest were 46 differentially expressed CAZymes genes that were associated directly with lignocellulose degradation. Furthermore, the study found that A. heimuer exhibited adaptive changes that enabled it to effectively utilize the cellulose present in the corncob. These changes were observed primarily at the primordium and fruiting stages. Key genes involved in lignocellulose degradation were also identified, including g6952, g8349, g12487, and g2976 at the mycelium stage, g5775, g2857, g3018, and g11016 at the primordium stage, and g10290, g2857, g12385, g7656, and g8953 at the fruiting stage. This study found that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) played a crucial role in the degradation of corncob cellulose, further highlighting the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of lignocellulose biomass by A. heimuer. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of A. heimuer to degrade corncob biomass, with implications for the efficient utilization of lignocellulose resources. The findings from this study may facilitate the development of innovative biotechnologies for the transformation of corncob biomass into useful products.
Prognosis in Convulsive Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction This article is concerned with the prognosis and response to treatment in convulsive disorders. Seizures were classified according to electroencephalographic criteria, to evaluate whether initial electroencephalographic data would be helpful in determining the prognosis. The prognostic implications of various clinical data are considered. Selection of Patients It is the policy of the Department of Neurology of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine that eachpatient with a convulsive disorder have an electroencephalographic examination as part of the initial evaluation. Return visits are scheduled at short intervals, and treatment is intensive. Medications are changed if control of seizures is not achieved, so that uncontrolled patients receive a number of drugs. Electroencephalograms are obtained repeatedly to assess the response to treatment. Representative sections of each electroencephalogram are saved; the findings are classified, and the classification is recorded on a punch card. Selection of patients for the present study was based on
Enhancing Their Likelihood for a Positive Future: The Perspective of Inner-City Youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Inner-city youth must overcome many environmental challenges as they strive for success. Their outcome is influenced by the interplay of protective forces and risk factors. Objective. To learn directly from youth what solutions they believe would most influence their likelihood of achieving a positive future. Design. In-school 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-graders in north Philadelphia generated, prioritized, and explained their own solutions through a 4-stage hierarchical process facilitated by AmeriCorps workers. In Stage 1, 60 randomly selected students participated in 8 focus groups to develop the study question. In Stage 2, youth in Nominal Group Technique sessions generated and prioritized solutions. In Stage 3, a survey for each grade that included their top prioritized ideas was distributed, and youth rated each idea on a Likert scale (5= Definitely would make me more likely to have a positive future to 1 = Would definitely not…). One thousand twenty-two ninth-graders (69% of in-school youth at 5 high schools) returned usable surveys. Ninety-three percent of responders were 14 to 16 years old, 44% were male, 54% were black, and 32% were Latino. Four hundred seventeen 8th-graders and 322 12th-graders returned usable surveys. In Stage 4, youth in 10 focus groups added meaning and context to the ideas. Results. The highest rated items in all grades were solutions that promoted education or increased job opportunities. Ninth-graders ranked helping youth get into college first by the Marginal Homogeneity Test. The creation of more jobs was ranked second. Third rank was shared by more job training, keeping youth from dropping out of school, and better books for schools. The next tier of items focused mostly on opportunities for youth to spend their free time productively and to have interactions with adults. Many items calling for the reduction of risk behaviors or disruptive surroundings were rated lower. The Kruskal-Wallis test found little variation in rating of the ideas by gender, race, or socioeconomic status. Conclusions. Youth believe that supportive solutions would do more to enhance their likelihood of reaching a positive future than would attempts to reduce “negative” behaviors or disruptive surroundings. This suggests that research and policies should consider how best to augment the protective influences of education, employment, meaningful use of time, and connection to adults.
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus using K Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diabetes is one of the major global health problems. According to WHO 2011 report, around 346 million people worldwide are suffering from diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease where the improper management of blood glucose levels lead to the risk of many diseases like heart attack, kidney disease and renal failure. In Diabetes Mellitus, body does not properly use the insulin hormone secreted by Pancreas gland. There are so many computerized methods for the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus but the main drawback of these methods is that the patient has to undergo several medical tests to provide the input values to the computerized diagnostic system which proves to be very costly and time consuming. With the rapid advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence, there are so many techniques and algorithms in A.I. that can be effectively used for the prediction and diagnosis of various diseases. These algorithms in artificial intelligence prove to be cost-effective and time saving for diabetic patients and doctors. In this paper, we are diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus using K- Nearest neighbour algorithm which is one of the most important techniques of A.I. The dataset is taken from www.stanford.edu/~hastie/Papers /LARS/diabetes.data.
Toxicity of insecticides to the sorghum midge 'Contarinia sorghicola' (Coquillett) (Djptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insecticides were bioassayed against females of sorghum midge 'Contarinia sorghicola' (Coquillett) using a tarsal contact technique. The pyrethroids were the most effective insecticide group tested. In order of effectiveness they were deltamethrin > flucythrin > fenvalerate > cypermethrin > permethrin. The organophosphates and carbamates were less toxic, in general, but diazinon, methomyl and bendiocarb were the most active of these. The organochlorine, endosulfan was moderately toxic. These data are discussed in terms of the pyrethroid resistance management strategy applied to all 'Heliothis' susceptible crops in New South Wales and Queensland.
Quinidine-induced Syncope

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

FIG..--Cases 1, 2, and 3 (A, B, and C).Lead II of the electrocardio- -gram recorded after quinidine..induced syncojpe.In all three, both the P-R and Q-To intervals are prolonged, with depression of the ST segment incorporating the T wave.The QRS complex is not widened.
Modern Management Accounting Practices for Large Manufacturing Enterprise in Lower Northern Provinces Group I Thailand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The rapidly increasing global and technological changes have given rise to the need of changing enterprise management. Therefore, modern management accounting practices (MAPs) are important for the enterprise and its manager to support the decision-making process, improve management activity, and help the operation effectively. Generally, the larger the organization, the greater the management's need for information. This work studies the modern MAPs that the enterprise applies, including barriers to the adoption. A descriptive study was performed in 10 large manufacturing enterprises in the lower northern provinces group I Thailand. Structured questionnaires and in-depth qualitative interviews with manager/ owner show that most large manufacturing enterprises are low level to apply for modern MAPs. Most large manufacturing enterprises prefer to use part of target costing, balanced scorecard, quality cost, and environmental management. All firms do not implement activity-based management and product life cycle costing. A few firms used the theory of constraint and just-in-time. Although those modern MAPs have not been fully applied and some modern MAPs are rarely or never used, managers are trying to apply modern MAPs slowly. However, the study also indicated that the managers have moderate satisfaction on current modern MAPs for decision making. Moreover, this study revealed that the key barriers limiting the implementation of modern MAPs were lack of employee skills/ training/ consultant about modern practices, high cost to implement, and no significant problems with current practices, respectively.
Current Understanding of the Interplay between Phytohormones and Photosynthesis under Environmental Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abiotic stress accounts for huge crop losses every year across the globe. In plants, the photosynthetic machinery gets severely damaged at various levels due to adverse environmental conditions. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a result of stress further promote the photosynthetic damage by inhibiting the repair system of photosystem II. Earlier studies have suggested that phytohormones are not only required for plant growth and development, but they also play a pivotal role in regulating plants’ responses to different abiotic stress conditions. Although, phytohormones have been studied in great detail in the past, their influence on the photosynthetic machinery under abiotic stress has not been studied. One of the major factors that limits researchers fromelucidating the precise roles of phytohormones is the highly complex nature of hormonal crosstalk in plants. Another factor that needs to be elucidated is the method used for assessing photosynthetic damage in plants that are subjected to abiotic stress. Here, we review the current understanding on the role of phytohormones in the photosynthetic machinery under various abiotic stress conditions and discuss the potential areas for further research.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A NEW SYNTHETIC COMPOUND: PCA-4230, ON SEVERAL In vivo THROMBOSIS MODELS.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PCA-4230 is a new anti-thrombotic compound which inhibits pla. telet aggregation In vltn.0 and ex. vivo in several species, including man, prolongs the bleeding time and has potent protective ac tivity in several thrombosis models. Phase I trials with different dosage schedules have recently been initiated. In the present study, the effects of PCA-4230 on bleeding time and on several In vivo thrombosis models were studied in mice. Mice were treated with one single oral dose of PCA-4230 (1-10 mg/ kg). One hour after treatment, mice were injected intravenously with four thrombotic challengers {arachidonic acid (AA), thromboxane agonist (U46619), Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) or collagen/epinephrine combination (C/E)} at a dose which induced 80-90% of mortality. The thrombotic agents were prepared in saline. The appropiate doses were dissolved in a volume of 100 μl/mouse. Bleeding time was measured in non-anesthetized mice by the tail transection technique. Effects of compound were recorded from1 to 4 hours after dosage. Acute pre-treatment with PCA-4230 showed a significant dose-depen dent protective effect. Results of each series of experiments are given in the next table. The compound inhibited thrombotic sudden death induced by U46619, PAF or C/E combination, reduced the duration of respiratory distress induced by AA and prolonged bleeding time. Thus, PCA-4230 is protective against a variety of thrombotic stimuli. These results suggest that PCA-4230 may be a promising anti-throm botic drug.
Association of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease With Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography Findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study suggests that cognitively healthy individuals with preclinical AD have retinal microvascular abnormalities in addition to architectural alterations and that these changes occur at earlier stages of AD than has previously been demonstrated. Longitudinal studies in larger cohorts are needed to determine whether this finding has value in identifying preclinical AD.
POST-TRAUMATIC TRANSTORN DISORDER IN EVERYDAY VETERANS: AN INTEGRATION REVIEW STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work discusses the influence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in everyday life of war veterans.The study is relevant to the current context through the lack of research on the theme, and due to the current international situation, in that events related to present war conflicts within the micro and macro perspective on a scale of social impact.In this way, it has like objective to contextualize future research on research lines similar to the theme.It has as a method the search for literature in the form of an integrative review that argue about theme.Through from the PICo strategy, it was possible to formulate the central question, which through the DeSC tool (Descriptors in Health Science) allowed the selection of the descriptors, proceeding with the development of the data acquired in the electronic bibliography, in database LILACS, MEDLINE, PUBMED, SciELO and GoogleAcadêmico.PTSD is one of the pathologies that reach large numbers of people involved in armed conflict,