jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Systemanalyse zur Untersuchung der Grenzen Regionalen Wachstums

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ein Drittel der Weltbevölkerung lebt heute in Städten, in den Industriestaaten sogar zwei Drittel. Alle Voraussagen sind sich darin einig, daß der Verstädterungsprozeß weitergehen wird. Nach einigen Voraussagen lebt dann im Jahre 2000 die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung und 4/5 der Einwohner der Industriestaaten in Städten. Selbst bei stagnierender Bevölkerungszahl, wie sie in mehreren westeuropäischen Ländern in den letzten Jahren zu beobachten ist, ziehen die Verdichtungsräume weiterhin das ökonomische und demographische Entwicklungspotential auf sich. Damit vergrößert sich ihr Abstand zu den peripheren Räumen, die nicht mehr wie bisher ihre Abwanderungsverluste durch höhere Geburtenüberschüsse kompensieren konnten, in kaum vermindertem Maße.
On the viscosity maximum during uniaxial extension: Material property or measuring artifact?

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental investigation of the viscosity maximum observed during uniaxial extension of a low density polyethylene is presented. For this purpose, traditional integral viscosity measurements on a Münstedt-type extensional rheometer are combined with local measurements based on the in-situ visualization of the sample under extension. For elongational experiments at intermediate constant strain rates local maximum of the extensional viscosity is systematically observed. Images of samples within this regime show that secondary necks develop along the sample at the moment when the maximum of the integral viscosity is observed. The emergence of a maximum of the integral elongational viscosity is, thus, related to the distinct non-uniformity of deformation states and most probably not to the rheological properties of the material. Moreover, the position of the viscosity maximum was found to be dependent on the initial geometry of the specimen. This indicates again that the appearance of the transient viscosity maximum is not a material property but an artifact caused by a geometrical non-uniformity of highly stretched specimens.
Effects of pCEP4-PTH Gene Plasmid on Production Performance,Eggshell Quality and Serum Hormone Levels in Layers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred and fifty New Yangzhou chicken layers of 56-week-old were divided randomly into three treatment groups,with 5 duplicates of 10 birds in each group.The birds were treated with a dose of 0,200 and 400 μg of pCEP4-PTH gene plasmid respectively by thigh muscle injection to investigate its effects on laying performance,eggshell quality and serum hormone levels.The results showed that the pCEP4-PTH gene plasmid was well expressed in layers,with the level of parathyrin elevated significantly in 200 μg dose(P0.05),and it elevated very significantly in 400 μg dose(P0.01);The secretion of endogenous calcitonin and estradiol could be promoted with dose of 400 μg(P0.05),which inhibited its biological effects.The level of bone gla protein in the two treatment groups did not show any significant difference,indicating that the improvement of laying performance and eggshell quality would not affect bone status.pCEP4-PTH gene plasmid improved the laying performance;the dose of 200 μg plasmid improved eggshell quality significantly(P0.05),but no effect was observed in 400 μg treatment(P0.05).The experiment testified pCEP4-PTH gene plasmid improved the laying performance and eggshell quality,but did not affect bone status.
Study on the Partial Differential REM Deprivation (PDRD)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

With an aim to make observations on the rebound elevation of REM sleep, we have devised the partial differential REM deprivation (PDRD) method whereby the subjects are awakened forciby at a fixed time early in the morning. By this method, REM sleep is deprivated by about a half and stage 2 sleep by about one third of the baseline value; but stage SWS is not deprivated. When the test set of PDRD is performed repeatedly on an identical subject, the REM sleep time during PDRD night and recovery night is almost always constant. Our PDRD, we believe, is an excellent method that relieves the disconfort of the subject and the physical burden of research workers and yet is capable of measuring almost accurately the magnitude of rebound elevation of REM sleep in each subject.
Critical care at the end of life: a population-level cohort study of cost and outcomes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Despite the high cost associated with ICU use at the end of life, very little is known at a population level about the characteristics of users and their end of life experience. In this study, our goal was to characterize decedents who received intensive care near the end of life and examine their overall health care use prior to death. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that examined all deaths in a 3-year period from April 2010 to March 2013 in Ontario, Canada. Using population-based health administrative databases, we examined healthcare use and cost in the last year of life. Results There were 264,754 individuals included in the study, of whom 18% used the ICU in the last 90 days of life; 34.5% of these ICU users were older than 80 years of age and 53.0% had more than five chronic conditions. The average cost of stay for these decedents was CA$15,511 to CA$25,526 greater than for those who were not admitted to the ICU. These individuals also died more frequently in hospital (88.7% vs 36.2%), and spent more time in acute-care settings (18.7 days vs. 10.5 days). Conclusions We showed at a population level that a significant proportion of those with ICU use close to death are older, multi-morbid individuals who incur significantly greater costs and die largely in hospital, with higher rates of readmission, longer lengths of stay and higher rates of aggressive care.
ERIC ED209346: State Assessment: A Beginning Toward School Improvement.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The educational assessment of basic skills in Michigan has grown from a needed source of information on achievement to an integral part of statewide efforts to improve school achievement. The educational assessment program first provided information to address two important educational questions: "What is the level of basic skills achievement in Michigan?" and "Which children, schools and school districts are successful and which are in need of assistance?" A third question, "What makes some schools more successful than others?" was then raised. This more complex question goes far beyond assessment practices and has served as the basis for extensive studies and reviews of the literature. A synthesis of the findings resulted in the identification of eight principles, or "Variables that Make a Difference." The "alterable variables" school staff may employ at the school level to improve instruction and achievement, are identified as: time on instruction, parental involvement, role of the principal, teacher expectations, classroom structure, pupil reinforcement, tutoring and classroom recitation. (Author)
Late diagnosis of HIV infection in Warsaw: Estimating the scale of the problem and demographic trends

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Late diagnosis of a significant number of people with HIV remains a problem. This study analysed 1711 patients from the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw who were diagnosed with HIV infection in 2008–2010 and 2016–2018. Methods Patients with late diagnosis and advanced disease were distinguished on the basis of the consensus definition. In statistical analysis, non‐parametric tests were used to compare the groups: the χ 2 test for categorized data and the Mann–Whitney U test for the comparison of continuous variables. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of patients with early diagnosis, late diagnosis, advanced disease and patients with an indicator disease between the two analysed periods in the Warsaw centre. A much higher percentage of men than women was found. The dominant route of acquisition among newly diagnosed patients and among late presenters in both periods were men who have sex with men (MSM). The highest percentage of patients with late diagnosis was among heterosexual men and the lowest was among MSM in both periods. Conclusions The results of the analysis of patients from the Warsaw centre confirmed that late diagnosis of HIV infection continues to be a problem, with no improvement seen over the analysed periods, although the scale of the problem is smaller than in national and European statistics. MSM and heterosexual men appear to be key groups in need of intensified testing.
Discordance Between Circulating Atherogenic Cholesterol Mass and Lipoprotein Particle Concentration in Relation to Future Cardiovascular Disease in China Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

BackgroundIt is uncertain whether measurement of circulating total atherogenic lipoprotein particle cholesterol mass (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C]) or particle concentration (apolipoprotein B [Apo B]) more accurately reflects risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated CVD risk among China population in whom these markers where discordant.MethodsIn total, 7,117 initially healthy participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Logistic regressions among Apo B, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C, respectively, were used to examined CVD risk by categories of concordant and discordant values defined by residual differences. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of Apo B between the obesity and the risk of CVD.ResultsAlthough all 3 biomarkers were correlated (r ≥ 0.81), discordance occurred in approximately 16% of China participants. Participants with discordant high Apo B were more likely to have higher proportion of traditional risk factors and dyslipidemia. During a follow-up of 6 years, 207 CVD cases were identified. High LDL-C, non-HDL-C and Apo B were associated with increased risk of CVD. Participants with discordant high Apo B relative to LDL-C or non-HDL-C had increased CVD risk compared with concordant levels, odds ratios were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.87), 1.40 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.94), respectively. Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed 16.67% of association between obesity with CVD was mediated by Apo B.ConclusionsDiscordance analysis demonstrates that Apo B is a more accurate marker of CVD risk in China healthy participants than LDL-C and non-HDL-C. Direct measurement of lipoprotein particle concentration might help better inform clinical risk assessment and guide clinical decision making.
Supplementary Table from Anti-HIV Drug Elvitegravir Suppresses Cancer Metastasis via Increased Proteasomal Degradation of m<sup>6</sup>A Methyltransferase METTL3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Table from Anti-HIV Drug Elvitegravir Suppresses Cancer Metastasis via Increased Proteasomal Degradation of m<sup>6</sup>A Methyltransferase METTL3
Current Control for Multi-Phase Machine under Multiple Open-Faults Condition Using Orthonormalized Extended Clarke Transformation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A current control method using an extended Clarke transformation with the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method is proposed for multi-phase induction machine drives by multiple single-phase inverters. By applying the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization method to the extended Clarke transformation matrix representing the asymmetric winding arrangement under the faults, the unbalanced AC currents for the asymmetric winding condition can be controlled by DC signals in the rotational reference frame similarly with conventional three-phase machine controls. This paper reports experimental verification of the proposed control using a prototype of a nine-phase open-winding induction machine and multiple single-phase inverters.
Kollektiewe bedinging binne die Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigingsbedryftak

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A comparative literary study of the collective bargaining systems of four countries (U.S.A., Britain, West Germany and South Africa) is presented in order to facilitate the identification of conflict issues in the South African collective system. 165 Employers and 75 trade unions in the South African manufacturing industry were used as u randomly selected sample. A Likert questionnaire was designed to measure the attitudes of the sample employers and unions regarding conflict issues. The results indicate strong differences of opinion between the participating groups about the efficiency of the present industrial relations and collective bargaining systems in South Africa. An explanation for obtained results is given and recommendations for further research and development work are made. OpsommingDie gebrek aan konsensus aangaande 'n ideale nywerheidsverhoudinge en kollektiewe bedingingsisteem vir Suid-Afrika kan toegeskryf word aan die verskillende houdings van die onderskeie partye daarby betrokke. Dit lei op sy beurt weer tot konflik tussen die onderskeie partye. 'n Vergelykende literatuurstudie van die kollektiewe bedingingsisteem van vier lande (tewete V.S.A. Brittanje, Wes-Duitsland en Suid-Afrika) is gedoen ten einde konflikaan- geleenthede in die Suid-Afrikaanse kollektiewe bedingingsisteem te identifiseer. 'n Ewekansige steekproef van 165 werkgewers en 75 vakbonde in die Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigingsbedryfstak is in die studie betrek. Die houdinge aangaande die geïdentifiseerde onflikaangeleenthede is met behulp van 'n Likertvraelys verkry. Die resultate dui op sterk meningsverskille tussen die deelnemende groepe omtrent die doeltreffendheid van die bestaande nywerheids verhoudinge en kollektiewe bedingingstelsel in Suid-Afrika. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing en ontwikkelingswerk word gemaak.
To Kill a Mockingbird

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Parkland College Department of Fine and Applied Arts Proudly Presents To Kill A Mockingbird, adapted by Christopher Sergel from the book by Harper Lee. Director: Randi Jennifer Collins HardAssistant Director: Michelle MillsScenic and Lighting Designer: Thomas V. KorderCostume Designer: Debbie RichardsonTechnical Director: David G. Dillman September 26, 28, 29 at 8pmSeptember 30 at 3pmOctober 4, 5, 6 at 8pm2007 Produced by special arrangement with the Dramatic Publishing Company of Woodstock, Illinois. To view images from this production, visit To Kill a Mockingbird (2007).
Evaluation of Phase-Locked Loop Stability Considering Electromagnetic Transient Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Grid-following converters may experience loss of synchronization, especially when power system becomes weak or grid fault occurs. So far, it has been found that this phenomenon is associated with Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) dynamics and several methods to analyze such issues have been proposed. However, it seems that the impact of electromagnetic transient process caused by converter current variation or grid voltage drop is not well investigated in these methods. In this article, a systematic method considering such electromagnetic transients for PLL stability assessment is presented. According to the proposed approach, the PLL performance involving the electromagnetic transient process is derived by using differential equations in time domain. Moreover, based on the nonlinear system theory, a scheme for PLL stability evaluation is designed. The effect of the electromagnetic transients on the stability of PLL system is also discussed. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated through simulation.
Trans-Boundary Waters of Turkey and An Examination From The Legal Aspects: Syria Example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the fact that water resources are quite limited on earth, the rapid increase inpopulation, unconscious consumption, pollution, and, irregular urbanisation led to the consequence of water as a significant problem on earth. Thus, trans-boundary water resources have always been a problem between countries throughout the course of history.The trans-boundary water resources in Turkey are the rivers Fırat and Dicle, as well asAsi, Meric, Coruh and Aras. Turkey, for several years, has accepted the rivers Fırat and Dicleas trans-boundary water, and has defended that these two rivers constitute a single basin.However, Syria has accepted Fırat and Dicle as international water and defended that these two rivers constitute two separate basins. Due to this disagreement about how to accept Fıratand Dicle, the problem has remained unsolved in the one-to-one negotiations.Turkey attempted to solve the problem through a three-stage plan, but Syria's approach was not moderate. On the basis of the protocol of economic cooperation between the two parties in 1987, Syria takes 500 m3 of water per second from the river Fırat. On 1 October 2010, Turkey and Syria have signed a treaty for the construction of a Waterpump Station inthe land of Syria, in order for Syria to take water from the river Dicle. On the basis of this treaty, Syria will be able to take a maximum of 1.250 billion m3 of water on the river Dicle.If the National Assembly (TBMM) approves of the Treaty, then it will be legalised and come into force. This treaty is signed by Turkey with the presupposition that Firat and Dicle constitute a single basin.The present study aims at considering the solutions for the problems concerning border transcending water between us-Turkey and our neighbour Syria.
Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica: Five Cases Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disease. Here, we report 5 TO cases treated at our hospital. Bronchoscopy showed typical multiple firm and glossy nodules in all the 5 cases. Conservative treatment effectively alleviated the symptoms. Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a manageable disease. Awareness in clinicians is critical to avoid unnecessary treatment in patients with TO.
Further evidence for the stability of methylenechloronium ylide, H2CCIH. A neutralization‐reionization ion‐dissociation experiment

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent theoretical and experimental studies are in conflict with our previous neutralization–reionization evidence for the surprising stability of simple ylides such as H 2 CCIH. Neutralization of [H 2 CCIH] + ˙ ions from CICH 2 COOH with Hg followed by reionization of the resulting neutral molecules with O 2 produces intense [CCIH 3 ] + ˙ parent ions. Collisionally activated dissociation of these mass‐selected ions shows that 47 ± 5% are the [H 2 CCIH] + ˙ isomer. This demonstrates that stable H 2 CCIH molecules can be formed by neutralization, surviving intact for the lifetime of the experiment (10 −6 s). Field ionization conditions effective in ionizing excited argon atoms do not produce appreciable ionization of the neutrals from [H 2 CCIH] + ˙, suggesting that the stable H 2 CCIH neutrals are not Rydberg state molecules.
TRDC Engine Inhibiting System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report contains a final design proposal for an aircraft engine inhibiting system to be used by the GE Testing Research and Development Centre (TRDC). This system is capable of purging fuel from the entire fuel system of the gas turbine engine and replacing the fuel with inhibitor fluid to prevent corrosion and degradation to the engine components. This system also provides the TRDC with the ability to inhibit engines on-site, a function that is desired by the TRDC staff. The final design is a mobile inhibiting system in the form of a four-wheeled cart. The primary component of the system is an internal gear pump powered by an AC electric motor. It is capable of up to 250 psi to accommodate for cold weather operation when inhibitor fluid is more viscous. The 316 stainless steel piping system provides fluid supply to the pump, fluid output to the engine, and fluid bypass/return to the supply source. Standard 55 gallon barrels serve as the supply source, and are placed on readily available dolly carts for mobility. High pressure rubber hoses provide flexible connections to the supply source and to the engine. All the necessary valves and instrumentation are implemented to the piping system for shut off, component isolation, and manual flow control. The cart structure is designed around the pipe layout, and is made of readily available steel fabrication tubing. The overall size of the inhibiting system is 3.5’L x 2’W x 5’H and fits through standard exterior door openings. The final design is evaluated through a performance analysis process including pressure calculations, FMEA, and a final review of our customer needs. Through the analysis, our team has concluded that the proposed engine inhibiting system will perform to the required design pressure of 160 psi at -30°C, and provide the TRDC with the on-site inhibiting functionality that is desired.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOTAXIS IN ULVA LACTUCA GAMETES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Fruiting margins of Ulva lactuca thallus are characterized by a higher content of carotenoids, as well as by higher respiratory and lower photosynthetic activity, than the corresponding vegetative thallus. Photosynthesis in the male margin was also characterized by a longer induction period than was observed in the vegetative thallus by the polarographic method.2. The changes in pigment composition observed in Ulva lactuca during reproduction are similar to those reported for Ulva lobata. The male gametes of Ulva lactuca contained twice as much carotene and half as much chlorophyll as the female gametes. The male carotene fraction contained 43% gamma-carotene, 32% beta-carotene, 3% alpha-carotene and 22% unidentified carotene. The xanthophyll contents of the male and female gametes were similar. The chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio was 8.3 in the vegetative thallus, 2.7 in the female gametes and 1.1 in the male gametes.3. The respiration of the male gametes exceeded that of the female gametes, was almost thirty times greater than that of the vegetative thallus on a solids basis, and was about twelve times greater in terms of chlorophyll content.4. Both male and female gametes exhibited net photosynthesis in intense white light, but a very high light intensity was required to compensate their respiration, which is the highest that has been reported for cells possessing photosynthetic activity.5. Positive phototaxis of Ulva gametes is a response to blue-violet light, which orients their swimming but does not otherwise control their flagellar activity. Their maximum rate of linear movement is attained at moderate light intensity (ca. 100 f.c.). The gametes swim 2500 times their own body length each minute.
Zinc, Vitamin A and Prostatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary— The serum zinc, vitamin A, albumin, copper and retinoid‐binding protein content was measured in 27 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 19 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. A significantly lower (P = <0.05) level of serum zinc was found in the cancer group as well as a significant zinc/vitamin A correlation (P = <0.05). The possible significance of this in relation to the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the prostate is discussed.
Sport center and health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Usaha yang dirikan ini bernama : SPORTS CENTER and HEALTH Jl. Kertajaya Indah Timur U/125-127 Surabaya - Jawa Timur Indonesia Usaha ini dinamakan Sports Center and Health karena : a. Sports Center Terdapat berbagai aktivitas olahraga yang dapat dilakukan seperti olahraga bola basket, sepak bola (futsal), bulu tangkis, tenis, squash, senam aerobik, fitness, dan renang. Jadi benar-benar menjadi pusat berbagai macam olahraga. b. Health Terdapat aktivitas penunjang seperti traditional massage, sauna, dan whirpool. Aktivitas tersebut hanya pelengkap dari bisnis jasa ini, jadi tidak ada kata center dibelakang kata health.