jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PPARγ regulates PNPLA3 in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo in healthy obese patients and mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The mechanisms regulating the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) are currently unclear. We uncovered that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcriptionally regulates PNPLA3 in vitro and in vivo in humans and diabetic and hyperlipidaemic mice. We observed increased PNPLA3 mRNA transcripts in the subcutaneous femoral but not in the abdominal fat of healthy women with obesity who received 30 mg/day of pioglitazone over 16 weeks in “The Apple & Pear trial (“Cellular Dynamics of Subcutaneous Fat Distribution in Obese Women”; ClinicalTrials.gov ID- NCT01748994)”. Likewise, pioglitazone treatment upregulated Pnpla3 in adipose tissue but not the liver of the STAM mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Since pioglitazone has a moderate effect on human PPARγ, we used the most potent PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, to show that PPARγ regulation of PNPLA3 involves a direct transcriptional mechanism. Mechanistically, we further interrogated the interaction between PNPLA3 and PPARγ using in silico analysis, luciferase reporter assay, gene expression analysis, and gel shift assays. Rosiglitazone increased luciferase activity in PNPLA3 and PPARγ co-transfected cells, demonstrating PPARγ-mediated induction of PNPLA3 promoter activity. Unexpectedly, we identified two binding sites (PPREs), bp -713 to -707 and bp -790 to -780, in the PNPLA3 promoter recognized by PPARγ. Mutation in these newly identified sites abolishes the PPARγ-mediated induction and binding activities. Collectively, these results establish a novel role of PPARγ in PNPLA3 gene regulation.
A 3D Geological Model Constrained by Gravity and Magnetic Inversion and its Exploration Implications for the World‐class Zhuxi Tungsten Deposit, South China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Zhuxi tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province, South China, contains a total W reserve of about 2.86 Mt at an average grade of 0.54 wt% WO 3 , representing the largest W deposit in the world. Numerous studies on the metallogeny of the deposit have included its timing, the ore‐controlling structures and sedimentary host rocks and their implications for mineral exploration. However, the deep nappe structural style of Taqian–Fuchun metallogenic belt that hosts the W deposit, and the spatial shape and scale of deeply concealed intrusions and their sedimentary host rocks are still poorly defined, which seriously restricts the discovery of new deposits at depth and in surrounding areas of the W deposit. Modern 3D geological modeling is an important tool for the exploration of concealed orebodies, especially in brownfield environments. There are obvious density contrast and weak magnetic contrast in the ore‐controlling strata and granite at the periphery of the deposit, which lays a physical foundation for solving the 3D spatial problems of the ore‐controlling geological body in the deep part of the study area through gravity and magnetic modeling. Gravity data (1:50000) and aeromagnetic data (1:50000) from the latest geophysical surveys of 2016–2018 have been used, firstly, to carry out a potential field separation to obtain residual anomalies for gravity and magnetic interactive inversion. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the relationship between physical properties and lithology, under the constraints of surface geology and borehole data, human–computer interactive gravity and magnetic inversion for 18 cross‐sections were completed. Finally, the 3D geological model of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit and its periphery have been established through these 18 sections, and the spatial shape of the intrusions and strata with a depth of 5 km underground were obtained, initially realizing “transparency” for ore‐controlling bodies. According the analysis of the geophysical, geochemical, and geological characteristics of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit, we discern three principles for prospecting and prediction in the research area, and propose five new exploration targets in its periphery.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Validation of a Farsi version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (F-ECOHIS)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) has recently been developed to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of pre-school children in English speaking communities. This study aimed to translate the ECOHIS into Farsi and test its psychometric properties for use on 2- to 5-year-old children of Farsi speaking Iranian families. Methods: EHOHIS questionnaire was translated into Farsi using a standardized forward-backward linguistic translation method. Its face and content validity was tested in two small pilot studies. In the main study, a convenience sample of 260 parents of 2- to 5-year-old children in Isfahan and Tehran were invited to complete the final Farsi version of the ECOHIS (F-ECOHIS) and answer two global self-rating questions about their children’s dental appearance and oral health. Association between F-ECOHIS scores and answers to the two self-rating questions, and the correlation between child (9 items) and family (4 items) sections of the F-ECOHIS were used to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the questionnaire. Internal consistency reliability of the F-ECOHIS was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test and item total and inter-item correlations. One third of participants were invited to complete the F-ECOHIS again after 2 weeks to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire.
Jenseits des Dualismus zwischen tierischer Natur und geistiger Natur: Kants Mensch „in zwiefacher Qualität“ und Schillers „ganzer Mensch“

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In my contribution, I discuss the important role of moral anthropological questions in the development of Schiller’s theoretical thought. I underline the fact that Schiller’s philosophical questions in Jena are much closer to those he confronted in Stuttgart – much closer than is considered to be the case in contemporary Schiller scholarship. I show how this continuity becomes evident when we take into consideration the moral anthropological topics that continued to interest Schiller throughout his life. To ground my argument, I show that the concept of the“whole human being” (i. e. the concept of a human considered in its entirety, as both sensible and rational) constitutes the continuous characteristic of Schiller’s philosophical considerations.
Analyse phytoécologique des groupements à thuya (Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters) et à chêne vert (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) dans les monts de Tlemcen (Algérie occidentale)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work is devoted to the floristic study of groups of thuja and holm oak in the Mountains of Tlemcen. We carried out a floristic and pedological study on six stations, presenting the different geographical and climatic characteristics. The study of the vegetation was carried out by a typically phytoecological procedure of which vegetable formations offered a great diversity : 271 species were identified. The green oak and Tetraclinaies are the natural forest formations that are most representative and most diversified on the surface of study. The interpretation of the structure and architecture of the vegetable carpet, which is highlighted by a factorial analysis of the correspondences, has revealed modifications of the flora along a dynamic gradient that is consisted of the forest – pre-forest – matorral and the lawn. Thus, we focused on six different stations from the physionomical point of view, but also in terms of fertility of the soil. The analysis highlighted the main ecological factors in question. Thus, the altitude that best expresses the alternatives of the bioclimat is revealed to be a very discriminant ecological factor, by clearly separating the communities of mountains forests. On the level of the zones of low altitudes, fertility, and the anthropic disturbance play a role determining in the distribution of the vegetable communities. To conclude, the study underlines the remarkable interest, which presents the vegetation of the Mountains of Tlemcen, from their ecological point of view, biogeographic and evolutionary significances, as well as edaphic potentials. Considering the importance of degradation in this zone, which is of human and climatic origin, it is necessary to carry out a policy of conservation of this forest inheritance.
Optical activity and excitation of surface plasmon polaritons with electromagnetically induced chiral media

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Chiral materials possess some unusual properties for which they have attracted tremendous interest in recent research. In this paper, we discuss the interaction of electromagnetic fields with an initially isotropic material, making it anisotropic chiral by inducing magnetoelectric cross coupling. We consider a four-level double Λ -type configuration of an atomic ensemble, which is simultaneously sensitive to relative phase of the applied fields due to its closed-loop nature, providing an extra degree of freedom for controlling the birefringent nature of the medium. We show that the material splits a linearly polarized probe field into left- (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) components, and their angular divergence can be related to the optical activity of the medium. This leads to efficient modulation of the probe field, which may be helpful in accurate position detection of the transmitted beams and images. Next, we demonstrate that such a medium can be used to couple incident light with surface plasmons (SPs) in two ways: (1) as a prism-like coupler, in either Otto- or Kretschmann-type geometry, where excitation of SPs can be achieved beyond a certain incident angle of the interacting pulse in a plasmonic waveguide placed closed to it; and (2) direct excitation of SPs by a LCP or RCP beam from the chiral medium in a particular slit-type plasmonic waveguide. We find that the coupled modes in the latter case are unidirectional and highly tunable. Further, we show that the birefringent nature of the medium as well as the plasmonic field intensities can be efficiently manipulated with a number of controlling parameters. Our results may find applications in image coding, plasmonic sensors, and bio-photonics.
HIGH-PRECISION VOLUME TITRIMETRY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ways in which the ultimate limit of volume titrimetry may be reached are analyzed: the most suitable approach, based essentially upon the use of a bulb burette, allows, in theory, a mechanical precision better than that of the best weight techniques to be obtained, and the various factors influencing this precision are detailed. Several end-point systems potentially sensitive to considerably better than 1 part per million (p.p.m.) are discussed. An attempt at high precision with the iron(II)/dichromate titration, using refined equipment and an amperometric end point, is described: the observed precision was 0.7–1.1 p.p.m. for two experiments of about eight titrations each; the calculated precision, estimated from the resultant of the component precisions, was about 0.9 p.p.m. The ultimate limit of precision of any titrimetric operation, whether by weight or by volume, is shown to be about 0.1 p.p.m.
AGRICULTURAL LAND AND BANK CREDITS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

When granting credits, commercial banks can take a gricultural land as guarantee. Because the three components of agricultural farm a re land, work and capital, we consider that evaluation of agricultural land is of extreme importance when accepting it as a guarantee for the solicited credits for agricultural use. Agr icultural customers prefer to offer land as guarantee for mortgage instead of personal houses o r apartments for real estate mortgage. In Romania after 1990, commercial banks have been reticent in accepting agricultural land as guarantee upon granting credits for agriculture, du e to difficulties that have appeared in the process of applying legislation in this domain. Thi s attitude of the banks has also been motivated by the following reasons (Harangus, 2004): - lack of a functional land market; - non-existence, up to 1998, of a complete and cohere nt legal framework concerning selling and owning agricultural land; - late procurement of title deeds by agricultural lan d owners; - difficulty in establishing the value of agricultura l land that could be taken into consideration as credit guarantee; - difficulty of the bank to establish the value of th e land of a debtor because of the pre-emption right upon alienation of any of the agr icultural lands . In 1998, Law nr. 54/1998 regarding juridi cal circulation of land established a juridical framework for the land market. The difficulty in ev aluating the land of agricultural lands consisted also in the evolution of the number of ho useholds and their small surfaces. Evaluation of agricultural land is an extremely dif ficult task as the evaluator has to take into account and to analyse information regarding indica tors specific for a particular cultural area (Mertz, Wadley & Christensen, 2005). Such information can be obtained from the centres for agricultural consultancy and from agricultural spec ialists. Because of the complexity of methodologies for evaluation of agricultural land, namely the six new standard methods of evaluation of agricultural lands, the banks have di fficulties in establishing the value of the collaterals that can be considered as guarantees fo r credits granted to agricultural customers. REFERENCES
Modal-based generalised quasilinear approximations for turbulent plane Couette flow

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study generalised quasilinear (GQL) approximations applied to turbulent plane Couette flow. The GQL framework is explored in conjunction with a Galerkin reduced-order model (ROM) recently developed by Cavalieri & Nogueira (Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, L102601, 2022), which considers controllability modes of the linearised Navier-Stokes system as basis functions, representing coherent structures in the flow. The velocity field is decomposed into two groups: one composed by high-controllability modes and the other by lowcontrollability modes. The former group is solved with the full nonlinear equations, whereas the equations for the latter are linearised.We also consider a new GQL framework wherein the linearised equations for the lowcontrollability modes are driven by nonlinear interactions of modes in the first group, which are characterised by large-scale coherent structures. It is shown that GQL-ROMs successfully recover the statistics of the full model with relatively high controllability thresholds and sparser nonlinear operators. Driven GQL-ROMs were found to converge more rapidly than standard GQL approximations, providing accurate description of the statistics with a larger number of linearised modes. This indicates that the forcing of linearised flow structures by large-scale coherent structures is an important feature of turbulence dynamics that should be considered in GQL models. The results presented here reveal that further model reductions are attainable with GQL-ROMs, which can be valuable to extend these models to larger Reynolds numbers.
The Impact of a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Incident on Tourism Risk Perception and Attitude Change of Chinese Tourists Traveling to South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The crisis event, which is one of the factors that occur most frequently, affects the sustainable development of tourism. Aiming to investigate the impact of a terminal high altitude area defense (THAAD) incident on tourism risk perception, destination image, attitude change and behavior intention of Chinese citizens planning to travel to South Korea, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1000 Chinese citizens. By using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and a structural equation model on the survey data, the results showed that (1) tourist destination risk perception exerted a negative effect on tourism image, culture image, and stability image of the destination; (2) the risk perception of tourists on tourism destinations would lead to a change in tourism attitudes, as Chinese citizens who planned to travel to South Korea considered changing their tourist destinations due to the THAAD incident; and (3) the increased risk perception of tourists on destinations had negative effects on behavior intention. Chinese citizens’ intention to travel to Korea was reduced after the THAAD incident. This study is of great importance for the sustainable development of tourism between China and Korea and provided a reference for improving risk management strategy for a tourism destination.
Proximate composition, minerals analysis and antibacterial potential of <i>Syzygium cumini L</i>. leaves, flower and bark extracts against foodborne pathogens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The current study was carried out to evaluate the proximate compositions, minerals assessment and antimicrobial activities of leaves, bark and flower of Syzygium cumini L. Proximate compositions were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analyses were assessed by Flame Photometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential were assayed using Well-diffusion assay for three extracts (decoction, infusion and tincture). The proximate composition of Syzygium cumini L. leaves, flower and bark were found in the range i.e. moisture 3.5-05%, ash 05-07%, crude fat 0.4-2.5%, crude fiber 08-23%, protein 02-04%, carbohydrate 64.1-78.9% and energy 268-335Kcal/100 g dw. Similarly the minerals quantification (mg/Kg) range were calculated as Sodium 1300-1600, Potassium 3250-5000, Calcium 12500-24000, Magnesium 5000-9600, Zinc 30- 60, Iron 140-500 and Manganese 30-100. The tincture observed the most efficient extract followed by infusion and decoction. While bark showed the least antibacterial potential against the pathogenic bacteria as compared to leaves and flower. The results commonly observed that generally the high opposing were observed by Gram-ve microbes to the Syzygium cumini L. extracts as compared to Gram-positive bacteria. These findings observed that Syzygium cumini leaves, flower and bark are a connection of health promoting major mineral elements and nutrition ingredients. Therefore, it can be a latent resource of natural minerals, fiber, protein and antibacterial agents in food, feed and medicine. This study exemplifies the latent of this plant as a substitute feed and food supplement to make stronger food security.
Scripture in the Studium and the Rise of the Humanities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter outlines the medieval understanding of liberal arts education as scholastics developed it on the basis of patristic humanism. A hallmark of this programme was the confidence that general learning, as exemplified in the best non-Christian sources from antiquity to the medieval present, was compatible with biblical revelation. The result of this deeply influential view in Western culture was that the Bible indeed became, as Northrop Frye put it, ‘the great code’ that underlies much of Western literature. In light of postmodern criticism of modern assumptions that also undergirded the ideology of secularism, this chapter argues for a recovery of the Bible as the underlying ‘ontological’ foundation that has informed the bulk of Western literary and scientific efforts, and without which any attempted recover of the liberal arts in our time would be rootless and thus, largely, fruitless.
The Safety and Toxicity of Aspirin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

DR. BOYD has authored 451 articles on lipids, cancer, and drug toxicity studies on analgesics, pesticides and diet, and expectorants. He received his B.A., M.A., and M.D., C.M. degress from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, where he is currently a professor of pharmacology in the department of pharmacology.
SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF TRADITIONAL UN-REINFORCED

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Un-reinforced masonry buildings are a major population of residential and school buildings in Iran which have been shown severe damages during past earthquakes e.g. Bam earthquake in 2003 with at least 26000 fatalities. The most important weaknesses of this sort of buildings are coming form the in-adequate lateral load resisting system and the weakness in the element connections. This kind of construction is not (or rarely) used anymore in urban regions. However, any effort for the seismic rehabilitation of the current buildings can save a reasonable amount of life in a future earthquake. That is, a detailed seismic rehabilitation for a typical un-reinforced masonry building in Iran has been described in this paper. The reha-bilitation methodology is based on the ASCE 41-06 standard recommendations but adopted in details for the Iranian traditional masonry construction type. The rehabilitation cost is around thirty percent of the re-construction procedure which is quite promising.
Developments in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics for ecological genetics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This thesis investigates the applications of next-generation sequencing to ecological studies by interrogating the power of high-throughput sequence data and developing resources to better understand the capabilities and limitations. In Chapter two, I use microsatellite detection methods to develop new markers for Raja undulata and show that after the production of the first captive generation, this small population shows no evidence of inbreeding depression or effects of genetic clustering by aquarium. I demonstrate the population has retained high genetic diversity throughout and highlight the importance of genetic management of ex situ populations. In Chapter three, I develop a novel in silico microsatellite marker design method. This new method allows the automated removal of markers likely to show elevated rates of null alleles, allelic dropout or cryptic fragment length altering mutations which invalidate the assumptions of mutation at a microsatellite locus. Furthermore, the method enables the automatic selection of likely polymorphic loci, thus removing many of the inefficiencies of marker design. In Chapter four, I perform parallel microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to compare the application and relative power of each marker type in the analysis of the population structure of the larval dispersing decapod, (Homarus gammarus). Neither marker detects any genetic structuring in the fisheries of the UK and Ireland implying that genetic mixing is extremely high. SNP analysis is the preferred method due to quicker generation of data and results. In Chapter five, I conduct an investigation into the biases involved when selecting a metabarcoding marker for analysis of plant communities in mixed pollen samples collected from honey bee hives. I find high rates of false-positive identifications and 8 highly contrasting descriptions of plant communities, indicating low confidence in the data generated by each individual marker. I conclude that for plant metabarcoding, multiple parallel markers are required to improve confidence in individual taxa calls, and to broaden the detection range; important where highly cultivated gardens are accessed as well as the native flora. Finally, I conclude the thesis with a general discussion of the methods and findings of the previous chapters and discuss the merits and drawbacks of the methods employed.