jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Angora rabbit wool production: non-genetic factors affecting quantity and quality of wool

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A study was made of the wool production of 490 females and 137 males of a strain of French Angora rabbit. The female adults weighed 4107 g and produced 249 g of wool every 14 weeks. Production was low for the first harvest (35 g) which consisted mainly of short wool. It then increased rapidly (203 g for the third harvest). After the third harvest, three-quarters of long wool was also bristly. The length of bristles (102 mm) decreased by 4 mm, and that of downs (62 mm) increased by 3 mm when the harvest number went from two to four. The coefficient of correlation between wool production and live weight was lower than 0·30. Adult females born in autumn produced 16 g more than those born in summer. Wool production was at a maximum during autumn and winter harvests and at a minimum in summer. Winter fleeces had longer bristles and down than summer ones. Males produced well wool than females. When a female dropped a litter, her wool production decreases by proportionately 0·1 to 0·2. Bristly fleeces were clearly different from woolly fleeces on account of higher weight, homogeneity and compression. Objective criteria to evaluate tautness will have to found.
Structure of the two-coordinate cadmium complex bis(pentafluorophenyl)cadmium(II), [Cd(C6F5)2]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the neutral complex [Cd(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ], the Cd atom is coordinated to two pentafluorophenyl ligands. The Cd-C bond lengths are 2.109 (3) and 2.111 (3) A. The molecule is slightly bent at the metal atom [C-Cd-C 173.9 (1) o ]. The angle between the aromatic rings of the ligands is 76.6 o . There are no Cd...F contacts shorter than the van der Waals distance
Functional, Histomorphometrical and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration through Inside-Out Vein Graft in Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective- Comprehensive functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical assessment of sciatic nerve regeneration through an inside-out vein graft in rat. Design- Experimental in vivo study. Animals- Fifty- four healthy male White Albino rats. Procedures- The rats were divided into three experimental groups (n=18), randomly: Sham-operation (NC), Transected control (TC) and Inside-out vein graft (IOVG). In NC group after anesthesia the left sciatic nerve was exposed through a gluteal muscle incision and after careful homeostasis the muscle was sutured. In TC group the left sciatic nerve was exposed the same way, transected proximal to the tibio-peroneal bifurcation leaving a 10 mm gap. In IOVG group the left sciatic nerve was transected the same way and proximal and distal stumps were each inserted into an inside-out vein graft. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of six animals each and were studied 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery. Results- Functional analysis showed significant improvement of nerve function in IOVG than in TC group (P < 0.05). Morphometric indices and immuohistochemistry indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between IOVG and TC groups 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Inside-out vein graft technique has offered the hope of providing a biological method for achieving the peripheral nerve regeneration in the least harmful way that is available, easily performed and affordable. It also averts the need for foreign materials that are likely to provoke a foreign body reaction.
Ion fluxes during the inhibitory junction potential in the guinea‐pig taenia coli.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Contribution of different ions to the inhibitory junction potential (i.j.p.) in the guinea‐pig taenia coli was studied by measuring the 42K, 24Na and 36Cl fluxes, the membrane resistance and the influence of various external ion concentrations. 2. The membrane resistance, as measured by the electrotonic potential, decreased transiently during the i.j.p. A maximal reduction of the electrotonic potential of about 50% was found at the top of the i.j.p. 3. The i.j.p. amplitude could be reduced by raising the external potassium concentration. Extrapolation of the relationship observed shows that the inhibitory response would be abolished at 115 mM potassium. Similar experiments were made in chloride‐free medium, chloride being replaced by isethionate. Amplitude and time course of the response were not different in chloride containing Locke solution and chloride‐free medium. 4. The half‐times of 42K, 24Na and 36Cl effluxes during rest were 29, 10 and 9 min respectively. The 42K‐efflux from the preparation was markedly increased to about three times the resting efflux during field stimulation. In low‐chloride solution a similar effect on 42K‐efflux was observed during field stimulation. Only a slight increase in the chloride efflux was observed but the sodium efflux was not affected during field stimulation. 5. From the results presented it is concluded that the inhibitory junction potential is caused by a selective increase in potassium permeability of the smooth‐muscle cell membrane.
Zanubrutinib for the treatment of relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Zanubrutinib, a highly selective Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was evaluated in a phase 1/2 study in patients with various B-cell malignancies. In the subgroup of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), zanubrutinib was administered as 160 mg twice daily (n = 14), 320 mg once daily (n = 18), or ≤160 mg total dose (n = 5). Herein, we report results for patients receiving a total daily dose of 320 mg (N = 32). Median study follow-up was 18.8 months. Eighteen patients discontinued treatment, 10 because of progressive disease and 8 because of adverse events (AEs); 1 AE (peripheral edema) was considered to be related to zanubrutinib treatment. The most common AEs were diarrhea (43.8%), contusion (37.5%), constipation (31.3%), and upper respiratory tract infection (31.3%). Infection was the most commonly reported AE of interest (18.8% of patients experienced grade ≥3 infection). At least 1 AE of grade ≥3 was reported in 59.4% of patients; grade ≥3 AEs that were reported in &gt;2 patients were anemia (12.5%), pneumonia (9.4%), and myalgia (9.4%). Overall response rate was 84%, with 25% achieving a complete response. Median duration of response was 18.5 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 21.1 months. Zanubrutinib was well tolerated and demonstrated activity in patients with R/R MCL. The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02343120.
FIGURE 6 in Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) Group, with Treatments of Known Taxa and Descriptions of New Species and New Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 6. Nomenclature of female genitalia of the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus group used in this study illustrated by G. (P.) mandarinus mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879). A: lateral view, B: ventral view.
Protein-Cloaked Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cellular Association and Controlled Pathophysiology via Immunosurveillance Escape

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Weak interactions play an important role in soft corona (SC) formation and thus help in evaluating the biological fate of the nanoparticles (NPs). Preadsorption of specific proteins on the NP surface, leading to SC formation, has been found to help NPs in evading immunosurveillance. However, the role of different preadsorbed biomolecules in determining the NP pathophysiology and cellular association, upon their re-exposure to in vivo conditions, still remains elusive. Here, differently charged gold NPs were precoated with two different blood components, viz. red blood cells and human serum albumin protein, and these were then re-exposed to human serum. Cloaking NPs with protein improved the NP colloidal stability and other physico-chemical properties along with increased cellular association. Detailed proteomic analysis suggested that protein-camouflaged NPs showed a decrease in immune-responsive proteins compared to their bare counterparts. Further, it was also observed that the secondary protein signature on the NP surface was governed by primary protein coating; however, the event was more or less NP charge-independent. This study will pave the path for future strategies to make NPs invincible to the immunosurveillance system of the body.
Relative stability of G‐quadruplex structures: Interactions between the human Bcl2 promoter region and derivatives of carbazole and diphenylamine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The bcl2 promoter region forms a G‐quadruplex structure, which is a crucial target for anticancer drug development. In this study, we provide theoretical predictions of the stability of different G‐quadruplex folds of the 23‐mer bcl2 promoter region and G‐quadruplex ligand. We take into account the whole G‐quadruplex structure, including bound‐cations and solvent effects, in order to compute the ligand binding free energy using molecular dynamics simulation. Two series of the carbazole and diphenylamine derivatives are used to screen for the most potent drug in terms of stabilization. The energy analysis identifies the predominant energy components affecting the stability of the various different G‐quadruplex folds. The energy associated with the stability of the G‐quadruplex‐K + structures obtained displays good correlation with experimental T m measurements. We found that loop orientation has an intrinsic influence on G‐quadruplex stability and that the basket structure is the most stable. Furthermore, parallel loops are the most effective drug binding site. Our studies also demonstrate that rigidity and planarity are the key structural elements of a drug that stabilizes the G‐quadruplex structure. BMVC‐4 is the most potential G‐quadruplex ligand. This approach demonstrates significant promise and should benefit drug design. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 1038–1050, 2014.
Analysis of Right-Based Approach within Land Policy in Rwanda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Land as fundamental livelihood asset on which other activities (shelter, food production, etc.) depend on, should be governed and managed in a framework that treated people (all) as key actors with right to access, use and control over. Therefore the necessity of land administration became a cornerstone and has become a large pipe by which financial movements flow to and from. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether the new land policy in Rwanda was implemented in both rural and peri-urban areas in respect of right-based principles. Through a mini field work it was revealed that in the process of implementing its newly adopted land policy, Rwanda might have run a long distance in a short period of time to achieve a course of action that would have taken long in normal situation. Non-discrimination and equality was the most successfully achieved principle. The policy made it clear that both man and woman have all equal right to land. It was noted that the issue of land grabbing and other disputes have reduced. In case of expropriation, landholders trust leaders. In the rural area, local people haven’t yet caught economic benefits of land registration and titling. Land is still honorific and prestigious asset for most of rural residents. The implementation of land policy shows no sign that rural communities were empowered on how land right could lead to a variety of economic opportunities. Both peri-urban and rural areas do not face same challenges. In rural area, right-based principles were applied, but the extent tends to diminish compared to peri-urban one.
Pediatric Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with Late Metastasis to the Lung: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are challenging lesions with respect to classification, differential diagnosis, and biologic potential. In children, extrapulmonary IMTs, particularly those from the abdomen or mesentery, are generally aggressive, with frequent local recurrences. There are few documented patients with distant metastasis, and most of these had metastases at presentation or developed metastases within months to a few years. We add to the short list of metastatic extrapulmonary IMTs a pediatric patient in whom the primary lesion was widespread in the abdomen at presentation and metastatic disease to the lung was diagnosed 9 years after the primary resection. We describe the clinical and pathologic features of this patient and review the characteristics of extrapulmonary IMTs with distant metastasis reported in the literature.
Aggregation of MQTT Topics over Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The MQTT application protocol was originally designed for monitoring a oil pipeline through the desert by collecting sensor data via satellite link. Thus, by design MQTT is very suitable for data collection over integrated satelliteterrestrial networks. Leveraging on the MQTT Bridge functionality, in this work we propose a novel architecture with two MQTT Brokers located at the satellite terminal and the satellite gateway. By using the topic pattern option, supported by the bridge, a subscriber can request several topics within a single request. To reduce the amount of traffic exchanged over the satellite return channel, we introduce in the architecture a new entity, namely MQTT message aggregation filter, which aggregates all the MQTT topics matching the topic pattern in the same response.
Flow cytometric analysis of primary lung carcinomas and their lymph node metastases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Specimens of primary lung carcinomas and lymph node metastases from the same 18 patients were investigated by means of flow cytometry. The number of DNA stemlines, DNA indices, the proportion of diploid cells in the tumors and the distribution of the cell cycle phases were compared. In 10 patients DNA stemlines and DNA indices were identical in primary tumors and metastases. In two cases the DNA indices were doubled in metastases. In 6 cases the primary tumors contained two abnormal DNA stemlines and their metastases contained only one aneuploid stemline. Gross differences between primary tumors and lymph node metastases with regard to the proportion of cell cycle phases could not be found. The large variation between primary tumors and lymph node metastases with regard to DNA stemlines indicates that flow cytometric analysis of lymph nodes gives only limited information about the primary tumors.
Affine congruence by dissection of intervals

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Tarski’s circle squaring problem (see [8]) has motivated the following question: Can a circular disc be dissected into finitely many topological discs such that images of these pieces under suitable Euclidean motions form a dissection of a square? Dubins, Hirsch, and Karush give a negative answer in [1]. However, one can get positive results if the group of Euclidean motions is replaced by suitable other groups of affine maps of the plane (see [3, 5, 6, 7]). The general concept behind these phenomena is the congruence by dissection of discs with respect to some fixed group of affine transformations of R2. Let d denote the Euclidean distance in the plane R2. We recall that a topological disc D is the image of the closed unit disc {x ∈ R2 : d(x, 0) ≤ 1} under a homeomorphism of the plane onto itself. We say that D is dissected into the discs D1, . . . , Dn if D = D1∪. . .∪Dn and int(Di ) ∩ int(D j ) = ∅ for 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n, int(Di ) denoting the interior of Di . Given a group G of affine transformations of R2, two topological discs D, E are called congruent by dissection with respect to G if and only if there exist dissections of D and E into the same finite number n ≥ 1 of subdiscs D1, . . . , Dn and E1, . . . , En , respectively,
Not Using a Computer in Language Assessment/Intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinicians who are not yet making direct use of computer applications with their school-age clients may have good reasons. Factors that hinder the clinical use of computers by school clinicians include limited access to computer resources, lack of training, concern that students will be intimidated by the computer, worry over the amount of time necessary to teach students to use the computer, and doubts regarding the efficacy of computer activities. On the other hand, some computer applications offer benefits that are compelling enough to cause clinicians to overcome these barriers. Clinicians are encouraged to explore such applications, which include use of the computer as a context for conversation, a tool for learning, a tool for linguistic and phonological analysis, a tool for treatment data collection, a treatment materials generator, and a biofeedback device.
Science and Culture for Members Only

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<div>The Amsterdam zoo Artis was recognized as the preeminent cultural center of the city for much of the nineteenth century. Donna Mehos here examines the exclusive nature of Artis and how the Amsterdam middle class utilized it to cultivate a culture of science that would reflect well on the nation and its capital. This volume offers a fascinating study of the role of science in the development of Dutch national and class identities during a period of national and colonial expansion.<br></div>
Cavitation Characteristics of S-Blade Used in Fully Reversible Pump-Turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

S-shaped blade profiles with double camber find use in fully reversible turbomachines that can extract power from tides. Though noncavitating characteristics of S-blades were determined in the past, yet characterizing cavitating flow was not carried out. This work, which is the first step in this direction, uses a two-pronged approach of experimental and numerical characterization of cavitating flow past these hydrofoils. Experimental results indicate that as the angle of attack increases in either positive or negative directions, cavitation inception number increases. Minimum cavitation effect is observed at 2 deg, which is zero lift angle of attack. For higher angles of attack (±6deg, ±4deg) and moderate or low cavitation number (σ/σi≤0.3), unsteady cloud cavitation was characterized through visual observation and from pressure fluctuation data. It was observed that for unsteady cavity shedding to take place is the length and thickness of the cavity should be more than 50% and 10% of the chord length, respectively. Predicting flow past this geometry is difficult and the problem may be compounded in many applications because of laminar-to-turbulence transition as well as due to the presence of cavitation. Present simulations indicate that the k-kL-ω transition model may be useful in predicting hydrodynamic performance of this type of geometry and for the range of Reynolds number considered in this paper. Hydrodynamic performance under cavitation indicates that pumping mode is more adversely affected by cavitation and, hence, a fully reversible turbomachine may not perform equally well in turbine and pump modes as expected from noncavitating results.
Cost-Effective Farm-Level Nitrogen Abatement in the Presence of Environmental and Economic Risk

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper evaluates the consequences of considering environmental and economic risk in the analysis of cost-effective nitrogen abatement options in crop production. A farm-level mathematical programming model incorporating nitrogen leaching variability, field time variability, yield variability, and output price variability is developed. The empirical results reveal that requiring a high reliability with respect to a desired abatement target can be extremely costly, due to the high variability of nitrogen emissions. It appears to be sufficient to reduce average nitrogen load in order to reduce the environmental risk associated with nitrogen leaching variability, since a change to crops with lower average load also results in lower variability of nitrogen emissions. A farmer's degree of risk aversion has some effect on the economically optimal choice of crop mix. However, it is more important to consider the utilisation of machinery and labour resources and crop rotation effects, than considering risk aversion.
COVID-19 as a Catalyst of Food Security Crisis. Whether the Existing System of Agriculture Can Remain the Same

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

From 2019 to 2022, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global percentage of hunger rose by 150 million people, which is 10% of the world population. At the same time, one-third of food is thrown away because it cannot reach the final consumer. Climate change, natural catastrophes, wars leading to humanitarian crises are the main and ongoing causes of hunger. COVID-19 acted as an accelerator of processes that exacerbate the food security crisis, to which import-dependent countries are especially sensitive. Quarantine that was introduced as a tool to combat the spread of the COVID-19 acted as a catalyst of social, economic, political, ecological, and food crisis that is displayed in the global economic system and in agriculture – its subsystem. At first glance, the increase in the percentage of starving populations on the planet is explained by poverty and the inability to purchase basic food products; a rise in prices was caused by breaks in logistics chains, the increase in the price of energy carriers, and economic shifts caused by the lockdown. In practice, despite the constantly growing volumes of global production of agro-industrial products, the balance between demand and supply of products that ensure the world&apos;s food security has been disturbed. The research problem lies in the insufficient determination of intangible causes of hunger, other than those caused by poverty and social inequality. The aim of the research is to show the prospects of the aggravation the food security crisis due to excess of food demand over supply, and to propose theoretical ways out of the crisis. The quantitative method of panel data research was used to prepare the article. The visualization method was used to simplify the perception of the proposed array of information. It is possible to overcome such social problems as hunger, poverty, climate and ecology problems caused by the increase in the temperature on the planet&apos;s surface, ocean pollution, and soil degradation only through adaptation and achieving synergy between the planet’s ecosystems. Agriculture as a main factor of food security should be transformed through implementing principles of climate-optimized agriculture and blue economy (use of ocean resources) as a source of “blue food” to achieve food sustainability.