jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Based Cell Therapies: Promise, Progress, and Challenges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lies in their ability to serve as a starting material for autologous, or patient‐specific, stem cell–based therapies. Since the first publications describing the generation of iPSCs from human tissue in 2007, a Phase I/IIa clinical trial testing an autologous iPSC‐derived cell therapy has been initiated in the U.S., and several other autologous iPSC‐based therapies have advanced through various stages of development. Three single‐patient in‐human transplants of autologous iPSC‐derived cells have taken place worldwide. None of the patients suffered serious adverse events, despite not undergoing immunosuppression. These promising outcomes support the proposed advantage of an autologous approach: a cell therapy product that can engraft without the risk of immune rejection, eliminating the need for immunosuppression and the associated side effects. Despite this advantage, there are currently more allogeneic than autologous iPSC‐based cell therapy products in development due to the cost and complexity of scaling out manufacturing for each patient. In this review, we highlight recent progress toward clinical translation of autologous iPSC‐based cell therapies. We also highlight technological advancements that would reduce the cost and complexity of autologous iPSC‐based cell therapy production, enabling autologous iPSC‐based therapies to become a more commonplace treatment modality for patients. © 2021 The Authors.
Project KNIPAS: DEPAS ocean-bottom seismometer operations in the Greenland Sea in 2016-2017

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Project KNIPAS (Knipovich Ridge Passive Seismic Experiment), a collaborative effort led by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute with partners from the University of Potsdam, Germany, and the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, installed a network of 26 broad-band ocean bottom seismometers along the ultraslow-spreading Knipovich Ridge. The presented data set covers the continuous records of the 23 stations of the core network provided by the DEPAS instrument pool.The instruments were spaced at roughly 20 km intervals to either side of the rift axis covering about 160 km along axis between 75.7°N and 77.1°N. The network design was optimized for detecting along-axis variations in seismicity at the scale of spreading segments. Instrument deployment started during RV Polarstern cruise PS100 on July 20 1016. Instrument recovery was completed during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM68 on October 9 2017. The network was denser around Logachev Seamount. Refraction seismic lines across Logachev Seamount were acquired by RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM67 on September 19 and 20 in 2017. For that purpose, short-term stations KNR24-27 were deployed next to stations KNR05-08 whose batteries had expired by the time of the seismic survey (cruise PS109).
Complete Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain BDV5040, Representative of Widespread Genospecies B in Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report the complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain BDV5040, representative of Bradyrhizobium genospecies B, which symbiotically associates with legume hosts belonging to all three Fabaceae subfamilies across the Australian continent. The complete genome sequence provides a genetic reference for this Australian genospecies.
Evaluation of amphetamine-type stimulants abuse through hair analysis-the Croatian experience

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

According to data provided by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, approx. 3.8 % of all Europeans aged 15-64 have consumed amphetamines at least once. Hair analysis is a reliable tool for detecting long-term exposure to illegal drugs, including amphetamine-type stimulants, over a period from a few weeks to a few months, depending on the length of the hair used for analysis. In the 2000-2012 period, over 600 hair samples were analysed for the presence of amphetamine-type stimulants. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed for determining amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3, 4-methylene-dioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-Ecstasy), and 3, 4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in hair. A large majority of our customers were parents who had suspected their children of taking drugs – primarily amphetamine-type stimulants. In most instances, a third person (e.g., parent) brought the hair sample for analysis (40 %). In other cases, hair samples were taken at the Institute by trained personnel (37 %) or delivered by mail (23 %). In 73 % of cases, hair samples were tested anonymously. Less than 8 % of cases included hair samples tested for official purposes (workplace drug testing, court cases, Addiction Prevention Centre and hospital requests, etc.). A total of 23 % of the tested samples were positive for one or more amphetamine-type stimulants. MDMA was the most frequent detected substance (in 10 % of samples), followed by amphetamine (5 %). The most frequent combinations were amphetamine with MDMA (5 % of all hair samples). Methamphetamine was detected in only 1 % of hair samples. In less than 2 % of hair samples, we detected methamphetamine + MDMA, amphetamine + methamphetamine, amphetamine + methamphetamine + MDMA or amphetamine + MDMA + MDA + MDEA. The procedure for testing hair samples for amphetamine-type stimulants at our Institute has been used for over twelve years and was found to be reliable for confirming the repeated abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants.
Origin of Chinese Cabbage(Pe-tsai)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Objectives We know that the origine of the pe-tsai is from 백채(白菜; pronounced as bak-tsai, meaning white vegetable). But some literatures said that the japanese butterbur(Petasites japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim) is from 백채(白菜;: pronounced as bak-tsai), too. These two words have same origin. It makes us get into a mess. So We are about to study the origine of the pe-tsai more. Also, we investigated its historical origin, properties and Sasang constitutional medicine's efficacy. 2. Methods We reviewed farmings(e.g. 山林經濟, 林園經濟法), dictionarys(e.g. 訓蒙字會), encyclopedia(e.g. 物名攷), books on herbs and medicines to summarize literatures about the pe-tsai. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The origin of term, pe-tsai is sung, named after a pine tree(松), chineses character pronounced as song) which we can see throughout a year. Also, pe-tsai was called white vegetables(白菜, pronounced as bak-tsai) because its appearance is green and white. Therefore, the pronounciation of sung derives from its character and we also say bak-tsai(白菜), which came from its looks. (2) Today we pronounce pe-tsai inro bae-tsu(배추) in korean. There are pronunciational developments of this word : bak-tsai(白菜) bae-tsae bae-tsa bae-tsa bae-tsae(배채) bae-tsu(배추). (3) Our ancestor used bak-tsai(白菜) as the name of japenese butterbur, which was different from China. The latter times of Joseon(조선), however, sometimes bak-tsai(白菜) meant pe-tsai. After the year of 1800, bak-tsai(白菜) only meant pe-tsai. So when we try to translate our ancestor's books, we must examine carefully their published year. (4) Pe-tsai is used for baby's erysipelas, boil, fever in the chest, thirst after alcohol drinking and kind of diabetes. It helps digestive organs as well. Pe-tsai is used for stress, fever in the chest and cough with fever of Soyangin and Tayangin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine.
Accuracy of the Ankle Brachial Pressure Measurement by Physical Therapists and Physical Therapy Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lower extremity claudication pain can be differentiated between neurogenic and vascular causes by comparing systolic blood pressures of the upper and lower extremities with the ankle brachial index (ABI) test. The ABI is a measure of identifying peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in the population. Limited research has assessed the reliability of various health care professionals in performing this measurement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the measurement accuracy of the ABI between an expert vascular technician, 3 practicing physical therapists, and 4 inexperienced physical therapy students. Methods: Forty healthy adults volunteered to participate. Following a rest period, each of the above testers measured systolic blood pressures on upper and lower extremities using calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer and a handheld pocket Doppler Ultrasound (8.0-9.2 MHz sound head). The highest upper extremity measurement was then used to calculate a right and left ABI for each subject. Data analysis consisted of a dependent t-test at the μ=0.05 level and calculations using an intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1). Results: Data analysis revealed no significant differences between the means of inexperienced vs. expert and the experienced vs. expert. Results also revealed low ICC values (all below 0.40), thus a weak correlation within the groups of raters indicating poor reliability. The weak correlation values were attributed to the subjects being comprised of a small homogenous group that allowed for little variance between individual ABI values. The accuracy (± 0.15 as used clinically) of the inexperienced physical therapy students was 78.2% on the right and 78.8% on the left as compared to the expert, while the practicing physical therapists were 86.7% on the right and 88.2% on the left compared to the expert. Conclusion: The results of this study showed poor reliability due to the small variation within the subjects but good accuracy for the inexperienced student therapists and practicing physical therapists. The results suggest that with one hour of training, inexperienced students, as well as practicing physical therapists, are capable of performing accurate ABI measurements.
Transit Depth Variations Reveal TOI-216 b to be a Super-Puff

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The planets of the TOI-216 system have been previously observed to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs), which enabled precise mass characterization of both transiting planets. In the first year of TESS observations, TOI-216 b exhibited grazing transits, precluding a measurement of its radius. In new observations, we demonstrate the orbit of the planet has precessed and it is now fully transiting, so we can accurately measure its radius. TOI-216 b is a puffy Neptune-mass planet, with a much larger radius that is now well constrained to $7.84^{+0.21}_{-0.19}$ $R_{\oplus}$ and a density of $0.201\pm0.017$ g cm$^{-3}$. We numerically integrate the system across the TESS observations to update and refine the masses and orbits of both planets, finding the uncertainty in the masses are now dominated by uncertainties in the stellar parameters. TOI-216 b represents a growing class of super-puff planets in orbital resonances and with a companion in a nearly circular orbit, suggesting these planets early evolution is driven by smooth disk migration.
Commensality and Conflict: Food, Drink and Intercultural Encounters in the Battle of Timor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For soldiers and civilians alike, food is a critical issue in times of conflict. Yet the role of food in times of war has received little scholarly attention. In line with literature that draws attention to the social and cultural meanings of food, this article considers intercultural culinary encounters between Australian soldiers and locals during the Battle of Timor in the Second World War. From their reliance on local produce in the absence of adequate supplies, to Timorese hospitality at festivities, this article argues that food encounters offer significant insight into the wartime experiences of Australian soldiers in Portuguese Timor (as it was then known). In particular, discourse around food highlights the close connections formed between the commandos and their local 'helpers', the 'criados'. This article contends that these food-related experiences give a particular poignancy to the enduring notion in the Australian military of a 'Debt of Honour' owed to the people of Timor Leste.
Baroque modernity, critique and Indigenous epistemologies in museum representations of the Andes and Amazonia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the politics, aspirations and antagonisms that grew out of the curatorial process underlying the exhibition The Potosí Principle (Madrid 2010, Berlin 2011, La Paz 2011), and compares them to other Andean exhibitions including Bolivian Worlds (London 1987) and Luminescence: The Silver of Peru (Vancouver 2012, Toronto 2013). The chapter questions the category of contemporary art and examines its avowed potential as radical critique and the claims that it and other exhibition strategies have marginalised Indigenous epistemologies and obfuscated historical agency. The implications of this conflict between Western and Indigenous curators and curatorial collectives on the right of self-expression and the freedom of interpretation and critique; associated ethical conundrums and the viability of epistemological pluralism will be clearly articulated as problems requiring serious museological attention.
Detection of Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COPs) in raw and chilled storage of chicken sausages formulated with chicken fat and red palm mid fraction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of different lipid sources (animal and plant) during chilled storage on the formation of cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products in sausages formulated with chicken fat and red palm mid fraction. The commercial sample, as represented by the chicken sausage and the mechanical deboned meat sausage was analyzed as a comparison. The sausages were produced in a plant scale for two batches, vacuum packed and stored at -4°C or chilled condition. At time intervals of week 0, 1, 2 and 3, the sausages were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector for determining cholesterol and cholesterol oxidations products, which were 25-hyroxycholesterol, -epoxycholesterol, - epoxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. This study showed the variable amount of compounds analyzed throughout the period of analysis, 25-hydroxycholesterol detected in PMF at week 3 (0.77 ppm). The significantly high amount of cholesterol was detected in MDM (239.99 ppm) at week 3. The different type of sausages formulated with chicken fat and palm mid fraction which were animal and plant fats, respectively did not show any significant changes towards the formation of cholesterol and COPs throughout the storage period in chilled condition. It is recommended for future works to prolong the period of storage to obtain concrete result at the end of analysis, analyze the compounds using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to improve the detection limit and to expand the reference standard of cholesterol oxidation products to be used as the compounds may varies.
Hyperspectral signals in the soil: Plant–soil hydraulic connection and disequilibrium as mechanisms of drought tolerance and rapid recovery

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Predicting soil water status remotely is appealing due to its low cost and large‐scale application. During drought, plants can disconnect from the soil, causing disequilibrium between soil and plant water potentials at pre‐dawn. The impact of this disequilibrium on plant drought response and recovery is not well understood, potentially complicating soil water status predictions from plant spectral reflectance. This study aimed to quantify drought‐induced disequilibrium, evaluate plant responses and recovery, and determine the potential for predicting soil water status from plant spectral reflectance. Two species were tested: sweet corn ( Zea mays ), which disconnected from the soil during intense drought, and peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), which did not. Sweet corn's hydraulic disconnection led to an extended ‘hydrated’ phase, but its recovery was slower than peanut's, which remained connected to the soil even at lower water potentials (−5 MPa). Leaf hyperspectral reflectance successfully predicted the soil water status of peanut consistently, but only until disequilibrium occurred in sweet corn. Our results reveal different hydraulic strategies for plants coping with extreme drought and provide the first example of using spectral reflectance to quantify rhizosphere water status, emphasizing the need for species‐specific considerations in soil water status predictions from canopy reflectance.
Biomaterials for Treating Myocardial Infarctions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biomaterials are gaining attention in the development of biomedical therapies for treating patients after a myocardial infarction (i.e., heart attack). These materials may act as mechanical restraints, vehicles for the delivery of therapeutics, or as 3-dimensional scaffolds for tissue regeneration. This overview will focus on one particular class of materials, namely injectable hydrogels (water-swollen polymer networks). Injectable hydrogels, including both natural and synthetic, are a promising therapy to attenuate ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by acting as acellular bulking agents to mechanically stabilize the myocardium and as delivery vehicles for cells and/or therapeutic molecules. Various materials, cells, and therapeutic molecules have demonstrated positive outcomes in the repair of cardiac tissue after infarction and provide insight for future material development and optimization. Further development of injectable hydrogels for cardiac repair will have considerable clinical impact with
Data from Modification of Extracellular Matrix Enhances Oncolytic Adenovirus Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan (HA) facilitates malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma (GBM), however, whether HA impacts response to GBM immunotherapies is not known. Herein, we investigated whether degradation of HA enhances oncolytic virus immunotherapy for GBM.</p>Experimental Design:<p>Presence of HA was examined in patient and murine GBM. Hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic adenovirus, ICOVIR17, and its parental virus, ICOVIR15, without transgene, were tested to determine if they increased animal survival and modulated the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) in orthotopic GBM. HA regulation of NF-κB signaling was examined in virus-infected murine macrophages. We combined ICOVIR17 with PD-1 checkpoint blockade and assessed efficacy and determined mechanistic contributions of tumor-infiltrating myeloid and T cells.</p>Results:<p>Treatment of murine orthotopic GBM with ICOVIR17 increased tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and macrophages, and upregulated PD-L1 on GBM cells and macrophages, leading to prolonged animal survival, compared with control virus ICOVIR15. High molecular weight HA inhibits adenovirus-induced NF-κB signaling in macrophages <i>in vitro</i>, linking HA degradation to macrophage activation. Combining ICOVIR17 with anti-PD-1 antibody further extended the survival of GBM-bearing mice, achieving long-term remission in some animals. Mechanistically, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and macrophages all contributed to the combination therapy that induced tumor-associated proinflammatory macrophages and tumor-specific T-cell cytotoxicity locally and systemically.</p>Conclusions:<p>Our studies are the first to show that immune modulatory ICOVIR17 has a dual role of mediating degradation of HA within GBM ECM and subsequently modifying the immune landscape of the TME, and offers a mechanistic combination immunotherapy with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade that remodels innate and adaptive immune cells.</p></div>
Beyond the brands: COVID‐19, supply chain governance, and the state–labor nexus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article analyses the role played by brands, producer‐country governments, and unions in mitigating the impact of disruptions caused to garment supply chains by COVID‐19 in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Myanmar. Its findings challenge brand‐centric accounts, highlighting the need for more serious consideration of the dynamic, relational nature of labor governance—and, in particular, of the role of the state–labor nexus in determining producer‐country unions' ability to exercise strategic agency within global supply chains.
A revision of Oriental Teloganodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Ephemerelloidea)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on the examination of the type series of Cloe tristis Hagen, 1858 (type species of the genus Teloganodes Eaton, 1882) and material housed in several institutions, a revision of Oriental Teloganodidae is proposed. A lectotype is designated for Teloganodes tristis (Hagen, 1858) and the genus is redefined. The species T. major Eaton, 1884, is a subjective junior synonym of T. tristis Hagen, 1858 (syn. nov.). The genus Macafertiella Wang, 1996 is a subjective junior synonym of Teloganodes Eaton, 1882 (syn. nov.). A phylogenetic analysis is performed on all available nymphs. Teloganodes is restricted to Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India and encompasses the type species and T. dentatus Navás, 1931, T. insignis (Wang & McCafferty, 1996) (comb. nov.), and the following new species: T. tuberculatus sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), T. kodai sp. nov. (India), T. jacobusi sp. nov. (Sri Lanka) and T. hubbardi sp. nov. (Sri Lanka). The type material of T. dentata is redescribed. Species from Southeast Asia are assigned to two new genera. Dudgeodes gen. nov. includes the type species D. pescadori sp. nov. (Philippines) and D. lugens (Navás, 1933) comb. nov. (China), D. hutanis sp. nov. (Borneo), D. stephani sp. nov. (Borneo), D. ulmeri sp. nov. (Java, Sumatra), and D. celebensis sp. nov. (Sulawesi). The genus Derlethina gen. nov. is established for D. eloisae sp. nov. (Borneo). The egg morphology is presented for the first time for the family Teloganodidae. Affinities within the family and between related families are discussed and a key to distinguish all species known at the larval stage is proposed.