jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and sustainable development jurisprudence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides a brief overview of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), with a focus on its contributions to sustainable development principles and practices as seen in recent jurisprudence. It summarizes the 2009 Southern Bluefin Tuna case. The chapter discusses the 2011 Advisory Opinion of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) on the Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area. It highlights the requirements for precaution, for international responsibility of States sponsoring sea bed exploration and exploitation activities, and for "due diligence". The chapter considers the Request for an Advisory Opinion Submitted by the Sub-regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC) of 2015. It illustrates the international legal responsibility of States for fishing vessels flying their flags and further developing the application of the "due diligence" requirements.
Involving suppliers in collaborative new product development: comparing large and small firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of this article is to investigate early supplier involvement (ESI) in collaborative new product development (CNPD). For that a comparative study between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large firms was implemented according to the generated innovation. It is based on an exploratory approach, based on case studies involving four firms that involve their suppliers in CNPD. Results show that ESI in CNPD takes place when large firms seek to differentiate their products and SMEs aim to increase their efficiency. The paper further shows the radical innovation promotes ESI in CNPD, both regarding SMEs and large firms. This study contributes to the body knowledge regarding the influence of radical innovation in early supplier involvement in CNPD, by adding a comparative perspective between SMEs and large firms.
Randomised Controlled trial Comparing the Ambu® aScope™2 with a Conventional Fibreoptic Bronchoscope in Orotracheal Intubation of Anaesthetised Adult Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibreoptic intubation remains an essential skill for anaesthetists to master. In addition to the reusable fibrescope, an alternative disposable videoscope is available (aScope ™ 2, Ambu ® , Ballerup, Denmark). A total of 60 anaesthetised adult patients were randomised to either having orotracheal intubation using the aScope 2 or a Karl Storz fibrescope. Intubations were performed by experienced operators who were familiar with both devices. The primary outcome was the Global Rating Scale score. Secondary outcomes included intubation success, number of intubation attempts and intubation time. Other subjective outcomes including practicality, useability and image quality were also recorded. There was no significant difference in the Global Rating Scale score, intubation success or intubation time between the aScope 2 or Karl Storz fibrescope. Global Rating Scale scores were three and two in the aScope 2 and Karl Storz groups respectively ( P=0.14). All of the other subjective outcomes were similar between the two groups, except that operators found it easier to use the aScope 2 compared to the fibrescope. There was no significant difference in clinical performance between the aScope 2 and the Karl Storz fibreoptic bronchoscope. The aScope's practicality, disposability and recently improved version (aScope ™ 3) potentially make it an acceptable alternative to the reusable fibrescope.
Discourse of Design Culture Code: A Supplement of Design Aesthetics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The problematic of this research paper is that why design aesthetics has nothing to do with design practice? Aim to this problematic, this paper take a primary review on contemporary aesthetics and by review on Barthes’s semiotics, then, we propose the discourse of design culture code as a supplement of design aesthetics, for answer the problematic of this research.
Prevention of thromboembolic complications in obstetric practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The publication is devoted to modern methods of diagnostics of thromboembolic complications in obstetric practice, including instrumental and laboratory ones. Data are presented on the incidence of these complications in pregnant women with extragenital pathology, including operated heart disease with mechanical valve replacement, arterial hypertension, obesity, thrombophilia, cirrhosis, brain tumors, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, cerebral venous thrombosis, and arteriovenous malformations. The questions of obstetric delivery of patients, treatment, rational methods of thrombosis prophylaxis, and prognosis for risks of thromboembolic complications development after the postpartum period are discussed.
Constructing a Measure of Anesthesia Intensity Using Cross-Sectional Claims Data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With intensifying emphasis on episodes of care and bundled payments for surgical admissions, anesthesia expenditures are increasingly important in assessing variation in expenditures for surgical episodes. When comparing anesthesia expenditures across surgical settings, adjustment for anesthesia case complexity and duration of anesthesia services, also known as anesthesia service intensity, is desirable. A single anesthesia intensity measure allows researchers to make more direct comparisons between anesthesia outcomes across settings and services. We describe a process for creating a claims-based anesthesia intensity measure using Medicare claims. We create the measure using two fields: base units associated with American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology codes on the anesthesia claim and time units associated with the service. We rescaled the time component of the anesthesia intensity measure to equally represent base units and time units. For illustration, we applied the measure to Medicare anesthesia expenditures stratified by rural/urban location. We found that adjustments for intensity were greater in urban settings because the level of intensity is greater. Compared with rural settings, unadjusted expenditures in urban settings are roughly 26 percent higher, whereas adjusted expenditures in urban settings are only 20 percent higher. Even absent longitudinal data, researchers can adjust anesthesia outcomes for intensity using our cross-sectional claims-based intensity method.
A DIVIDING HEAD FOR LABORATORY USE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The description is given of an easily constructed dividing head that embodies the circles and other parts of discarded theodolites. Originally designed for facilitating the inspection of munitions gauges, the instrument was found to have other valuable applications in metrology. In the appendix there is an account of the method used to calibrate the graduated circle of one of these "angle-heads", in which angles are read to single seconds of arc.
Optimization of energy parameters for laser-induced PDT of cervical tissues using numerical simulation and fluorescent monitoring

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The main problem in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors is insufficient light exposure to tissue or the appearance of undesirable surface effects. The reason is the irregular distribution of the absorbed light dose by depth. The influence of the spot diameter on the relative fluence rate in the near-surface layer of the cervical tissue was studied by Monte Carlo simulation. Photodynamic exposure with chlorine-type photosensitizer (PS) was carried out on the tissue model with laser 660 nm at the same power density with a change in spot diameter from 5 to 15 mm and radiation energy density from 100 to 300 J cm −2 . The distributions of the fluorescence indices of the PS and the hemoglobin oxygenation degree by depth were obtained. The dependence of PS photobleaching on the energy density was established at the same power density and different spot diameters. The developed method increased the efficiency of PDT by delivering a sufficient energy density of laser radiation to the entire tumor tissue by depth without thermal damage, that allowed minimizing side effects and prevent possible growth and recurrence of the disease.
GA-SVM and Mutual Information based Frequency Feature Selection for Face Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The dimensionality of existing data make it difficult to deploy any information to identify features that discriminate between the classes of interest. Feature selection involves reducing the number of features, removes irrelevant, noisy and redundant data without significantly decreasing the prediction accuracy of the classifier. An efficient feature selection and classification technique for face recognition is presented in this paper. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for feature selection and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification are incorporated in the proposed technique. The proposed GAs-SVM technique has two purposes in this research: Selecting of the optimal feature subset and Selecting of the kernel parameters for SVM classifier. The input feature vector for the GAs-SVM are extracted by using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). We evaluate its efficiency compared to the recently proposed feature selection algorithm based on mutual information. The results show that the proposed approach is promising, it is able to select small subsets and still improve the classification accuracy.
ARE MIGRANTS MORE PRODUCTIVE THAN STAYERS? SOME EVIDENCE FROM A SET OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE ACADEMIC ECONOMISTS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article compares the average productivity of migrants (who work in a country different from their country of origin) and stayers (whose entire academic career takes place in their country of origin) in a set of 2,530 highly productive economists that work in 2007 in a selection of the top 81 Economics departments worldwide. The main findings are the following two. First, productivity comparisons depend on the cohort and the type of department. For example, in the top U.S. departments, foreigners are more productive than stayers only among older individuals; in the bottom U.S. departments, this is the case for both cohorts, while in the other countries the productivity of foreigners and stayers is indistinguishable for both cohorts. Second, when we restrict our attention to an elite consisting of economists with above average productivity, all productivity differences between migrants and stayers in the United States vanish. As our analysis depends on observational data in which the migration decision is not exogenously identified, our estimates have a descriptive rather than a causal interpretation. However, our results are very robust to the treatment of the elite, the partition into several department categories, and the definition of the cohorts and the productivity notion. ( JEL J61)
Molecular evolution of the pathogen recognition peptidoglycan proteins regulates the immune response against infectious diseases in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to understand the molecular evolution of the pathogen recognition peptidoglycan (PGN) proteins and their role in regulating the immune response against infectious diseases in Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogasterWe obtained the PGRP proteins from 11 different species of Drosophila and analyzed the different evolutionary trends that might be associated with them. We were able to identify the evidence of strong positive selection taking place for these proteins. We investigated the diversity and function of the PGN proteins in D. melanogaster and related species through a combination of bioinformatics approaches. They found that the PGN proteins have undergone rapid and diverse evolution, with some undergoing positive selection and others experiencing gene duplication and loss. The study also revealed that different PGN proteins play distinct roles in regulating the immune response to bacterial infections, with some responding specifically to certain types of bacteria. The research provides valuable insights into the evolution and function of the PGN proteins in the immune response of D. melanogaster. It highlights their potential relevance to pathogen recognition and immune defence in other organisms.
A polarization independent phase gradient metasurface for spoof plasmon polaritons coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A polarization-independent phase-gradient metasurface (PGM) is proposed, and theoretically as well as experimentally investigated, for realizing spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling. The designed PGM is a periodic array comprising a dielectric substrate sandwiched between a metallic split cross structure and a continuous metallic film. The numerical results for the designed PGM indicate that normally incident electromagnetic waves can be efficiently coupled into spoof SPPs, since the additional wave vector generated by the designed PGM is greater than that of the incident waves. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the designed PGM, as a spoof SPP coupler, is insensitive to polarization, and highly efficient under normally incident X-band radiation.
Synthesis of Symmetrical TEM-Mode Directional Couplers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Exact synthesis procedures are derived for symmetrical three-section and five-section TEM-mode directional couplers. These synthesis procedures are based on the equivalence between the theory of directional couplers and stepped quarter-wavelength filters as previously described by Levy and Young. Explicit formulas for the parameters of three-section couplers are presented. A realizable insertion-loss function is derived for the five-section coupler resulting in an equal-ripple response. Although this function has an equal-ripple characteristic, it is not expressible in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Results obtained for the five-section coupler show considerable improvement in bandwidth over a three-section coupler. For example, a five-section coupler of -3 /spl plus mn/ 0.5 dB has a bandwidth of 9.6:1 as compared with 5.8:1 for a three-section coupler of -3 /spl plus mn/0.5 dB. A five-section coupler of -10 /spl plus mn/ 0.5 dB was designed on this theoretical basis for the 555-4000 Mc band, and the measured shows good agreement with the theoretical coupling sponse, yielding a minimum directivity of 18.0 dB at 3.7 Gc.
PDLIM4 repression by hypermethylation as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract PURPOSE: We analyzed the expression of genes to identify reliable molecular markers in the diagnosis and progression of prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression profiling was done using HG-U133 set microarrays in 32 prostate cancer and 8 benign tissues of patients with cancer. Expression levels of 11 genes were selected for quantitative real-time PCR evaluation in 52 prostate cancer and 20 benign tissues. Further, to assess transcriptional inactivation, we analyzed the promoter methylation of genes by quantitative methylation-specific PCR in 62 tumor and 36 benign tissues. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant down-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of PRIMA1, TU3A, PDLIM4, FLJ14084, SVIL, SORBS1, C21orf63, and KIAA1210 and up-regulation of FABP5, SOX4, and MLP in prostate cancer tissues by TaqMan real-time PCR. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR of PDLIM4, SVIL, PRIMA1, GSTP1, and PTGS2 detected prostate carcinoma with a sensitivity of 94.7%, 75.4%, 47.4%, 89.5%, and 87.7%, and a specificity of 90.5%, 75%, 54.2%, 95.8%, and 90.2%, respectively. Using this panel of methylation markers in combination, we were able to distinguish between prostate cancer and adjacent benign tissues with sensitivities and specificities of about 90% to 100%. Our data provide evidence of transcriptional repression of the putative tumor suppressor gene PDLIM4 by hypermethylation. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis revealed differential expression of eight down-regulated and three up-regulated genes, implicating their role in prostate cancer development and progression. We further showed that the hypermethylation of PDLIM4 gene could be used as a sensitive molecular tool in detection of prostate tumorigenesis.
Investigation on the method of battery self-heating using motor pulse current

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The charging and discharging performance of lithium-ion battery at low temperature will decline greatly, which seriously affects the adaptability of electric vehicles at low temperature. This paper proposes to use the inductance characteristic of the motor stator and the switching control characteristic of the motor controller to form pulse current in the battery, and realize the self-heating of the power battery at low temperature. Using this method the heating of the battery can be achieved without any additional hardware or cost. The experimental result shows the average temperature rise rate of the power battery reaches 2.88°C/min. And the influence of different parameters on the heating effect is analyzed through the experiments, including IGBT switching frequency, d-axis voltage, motor-rotor position, and battery internal resistance.
Clinical presentation and recognition of esophageal diverticula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among the various forms of diverticula of the esophagus, as is known, the most clinically elucidated form is Zenker's border diverticulum. Other forms of diverticula - traction, pulsation, functional - are less known. There is an opinion that they generally refer to extremely rare phenomena. This, probably, depends on the fact that these forms of diverticula, having a pronounced or uncharacteristic clinical picture, are usually not diagnosed clinically, but are more often an accidental finding by fluoroscopy or autopsy.
Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa. By Denis-Constant Martin. Somerset West: African Minds, 2013. 472 pp. ISBN: 978-1-920-48982-3 (pb), 978-1-920-67716-9 (ebook)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa. By Denis-Constant Martin. Somerset West: African Minds, 2013. 472 pp. ISBN: 978-1-920-48982-3 (pb), 978-1-920-67716-9 (ebook) - Volume 34 Issue 2
TASKS FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE SAINT-PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY OF STATE FIRE SERVICE OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The formation and improvement of Russian language proficiency skills of foreign cadets and students at the St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is considered, information is provided on the level of proficiency in Russian as a foreign language and requirements to the B1 level of language proficiency required for admission to university. Certain goals and objectives of studying Russian as a foreign language are proposed. The basic algorithm for conducting the educational process and the functional principle for selecting lexical and grammatical material are presented. The components of communicative competence are given.
Information Support of Regions and Possibilities of Its Further Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper presents the results of information and communication technologies (ICT) research support in the Czech Republic regions, focused mainly on the problems of mapping cultural heritage together with activities in the area of tourism and business activities connected with it (accommodation, food etc). One possible approach is demonstrated on the example of web portal “Get to know Posumavi – a tourist guide to Posumavi”. This approach integrates the advantages of standard information sources with the Internet application. Moreover, this application provides a clear topographical output. The project is being prepared in co-operation with a chosen local partner, in our case the Posumavi local action group. The under-mentioned solution can be further extended if need be, but we can also understand it as a general-purpose solution which means it can be widely used in other areas of the information support of regions. The knowledge and data presented in the paper were obtained as a result of the Research Program titled “Economy of the Czech Agriculture Resources and Their Efficient Use within the Framework of the Multifunctional Agri-food Systems” of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports number VZ MSM 6046070906.
Accurate Identification of Infection Source in Burn Trauma Patients With Central Line Infection to Determine Appropriate Treatment Option As Well As Proper Public Reporting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the advent of the Patient Safety Movement in the late 1990s and the CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) nonreimbursement program for never events, there has been much focus on the prevention and accurate identification of health care–associated infections such as central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). There has certainly been a national effort to decrease the occurrence of these infections. With the implementation of patient safety initiatives such as the central line prevention bundle, there has been a considerable reduction in the number of CLABSIs except for patients with burn trauma. Because of the compromised nature of these patients, the number of CLABSIs has not decreased similarly to other types of patients. In addition, these patients may have a secondary infection that was not accurately or timely identified. With CLABSIs, proper identification of primary and secondary infections is very important, particularly when identifying treatment options and ensuring accurate public reporting of health care–associated infection information.
Institutional advancement at Historically Black Community Colleges: A multi-case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this multi-case study, three cases were studied and four participants were interviewed to understand institutional advancement (IA) at historically Black community colleges (HBCCs) and how the institutional advancement professionals engage the alumni in the fundraising process. The results of this study are presented in this dissertation and illuminate the work of the IA professionals at HBCCs. The participants reported what institutional advancement looks like at each individual HBCCs. This study shows the commonalities and differences in IA at HBCCs and the professionals' perceptions of their interactions with alumni. The professionals discussed the fundraising challenges for advancement at HBCCs. Finally, implications for practice, leadership, and research are presented.
MVB-Based Dynamic Supervision of Docks in Traffic Memory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A high reliability of Traffic Memory(TM) working condition is of vital importance to information transfer in MVB. In order to avoid bus traffic overflows, the minimum possible time intervals or loading ratios of TM for a given number of ports were calculated. The longer supervision period it had, the more number of docks could be supervised. The number of docks supervised, during supervision intervals, was submitted to Normal distribution ( Ν(μ,σ 2 )). From the possibility distribution function it could σfind maximum possibility of the number of docks in working. From the disturbance rejection test of the fixed factor σ , a reasonable setting of sink-time supervision interval could be made to guarantee a high reliability for TM working condition.