jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Solution Structure of an Oligodeoxynucleotide Duplex Containing the Exocyclic Lesion 3,N4-Etheno-2‘-deoxycytidine Opposite 2‘-Deoxyadenosine, Determined by NMR Spectroscopy and Restrained Molecular Dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The d(C-G-T-A-C-epsilon C-C-A-T-G-C).d(G-C-A-T-G-A-G-T-A-C-G) oligodeoxynucleotide duplex containing the 3, N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine adduct positioned opposite 2'-deoxyadenosine in the center of the helix has been analyzed by proton NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics. The spectroscopic data establish a right-handed duplex, with sugar puckers in the C2'-endo/C3'-exo range, residues adopting an anti conformation around the glycosidic torsion angle and, with the exception of epsilon C.dA, Watson-Crick hydrogen bond alignment for all base pairs. Molecular dynamics simulations, restrained by the full relaxation matrix approach, produced a three-dimensional model with an NMR R-factor of 7%. The duplex structure shows no significant perturbation of the sugar-phosphate backbone, which remains in B-form. The exocyclic adduct and its partner dA are incorporated into the helix without producing a noticeable kink. The epsilon C.dA alignment adopts a staggered conformation with each residue displaced toward the 5'-terminus and intercalated between bases on the opposite strand, without increase of inter-phosphate distances. The partial intercalation of the epsilon C (anti).dA(anti) alignment allows stacking between the aromatic rings of epsilon C and dA and with base pairs adjacent to the lesion, suggesting an important role played by hydrophobic forces in the stabilization of the solution structure.
Surface Treatments of Titanium and Zirconia Implants: Impact on Bacterial Adhesion (Systematic Revue of Literature)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The use of dental implants to restore the loss of one or many teeth has become a widely used treatment option in daily practice. However, as soon as implant surfaces or their components are exposed to human oral cavity, they are immediately covered by an acquired film and instantly subjected to bacterial colonization. This is directly influenced by the surface properties of the materials, including chemical composition, surface roughness, surface energy... [1]. In modern biomaterial research, implant surfaces are primarily modified to increase bone integration into the alveolar bone. Recently, implant surfaces are also modified to reduce biofilm formation after exposure to the oral cavity [2]. Currently, many implant systems with different surface treatments are available on the market, which makes it difficult for the practitioner to choose
MUDRA: Strengthening Institutional Finance for Micro Enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The MSME plays a vital role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital than large scale industries.It also helps in industrialization of rural and backward areas and assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth.However this sector is continuously facing many challenges and the biggest bottleneck to this sector is the weak institutional financial support.Therefore, in order to provide more institutional finance to the sector, "funding the unfunded" and promote entrepreneurship and self employment in the country government need a specialized financial institution.Thus, Government has created MUDRA.The main objectives of MUDRA are to create an inclusive, sustainable and value based entrepreneurial culture for achieving economic success and financial security and more income and employment opportunities which are the preconditions for inclusive growth.Through establishment of MUDRA, this sector can be used an important tool to achieve financial inclusion and inclusive growth.MUDRA provides refinance support to banks and MFIs for lending to micro units having loan requirements up to ` 10 lakh.
Advertising in Young Children's Apps: A Content Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Objective: Young children use mobile devices on average 1 hour/day, but no studies have examined the prevalence of advertising in children's apps. The objective of this study was to describe the advertising content of popular children's apps. Methods: To create a coding scheme, we downloaded and played 39 apps played by children aged 12 months to 5 years in a pilot study of a mobile sensing app; 2 researchers played each app, took detailed notes on the design of advertisements, and iteratively refined the codebook (interrater reliability 0.96). Codes were then applied to the 96 most downloaded free and paid apps in the 5 And Under category on the Google Play app store. Results: Of the 135 apps reviewed, 129 (95%) contained at least 1 type of advertising. These included use of commercial characters (42%); full-app teasers (46%); advertising videos interrupting play (e.g., pop-ups [35%] or to unlock play items [16%]); in-app purchases (30%); prompts to rate the app (28%) or share on social media (14%); distracting ads such as banners across the screen (17%) or hidden ads with misleading symbols such as “$” or camouflaged as gameplay items (7%). Advertising was significantly more prevalent in free apps (100% vs 88% of paid apps), but occurred at similar rates in apps labeled as “educational” versus other categories. Conclusion: In this exploratory study, we found high rates of mobile advertising through manipulative and disruptive methods. These results have implications for advertising regulation, parent media choices, and apps' educational value.
PEER EFFECTS AND FERTILITY PREFERENCES IN CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHINA LABOR-FORCE DYNAMICS SURVEY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite empirical evidence that individuals form their fertility preferences by observing social norms and interactions in their environments, the exact impact of these peer effects remains unclear. We thus use data from the 2014 and 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey to investigate the association between community-level peer effects and fertility preferences among Chinese women aged 18–49. Whereas our baseline results indicate that 11.96% of these women would prefer 1 or no children, 74.1% would like 2 children and 13.93% would prefer 3 or more children. A one unit increase in community-level peer fertility reduces the preference of wanting only one child by 14.3%, whereas it increases the probability of preferring three children by 9.3% and four or more children by 4.8%. Hence, overall, we find a relatively strong peer effect on individual fertility preferences in communities characterized by generally low fertility rates, which provide support for the role of social norms in the fertility choices of reproductive-aged Chinese women.
A Machine Learning Model that Analyzes Surrounding Road Signs to Eliminate Dangers Caused by Human Operational Error

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autonomous vehicles are a potential solution to preventing crashes caused by human error. Although road signs are intended to attract drivers' attention and help them operate, drivers can still misinterpret signs, resulting in an accident. An autonomous vehicle system can implement artificial intelligence to detect and recognize known patterns in input graphics to minimize the human aspect of driving. In this study, we present an implementation of the CNN architecture to classify four regulatory instruments (stop, crosswalk, speed limit sign, and traffic light) using the TensorFlow library. We used a training dataset of 877 images of the four distinct classes to optimize the model. The goal of the study was to create a lightweight and accessible image classification model. Experimental results show a 92% model accuracy.
Pendidikan dan Tujuan Pendidikan Islam dalam Persfektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article applies a descriptive qualitative method by applying library research techniques in data collection. The results of this research are that philosophy is one of the foundations in education. The philosophy of Islamic education is a science that looks at the process of teachers educating students so that they can develop from not knowing to becoming knowledgeable so as to form quality students with all the potential that exists within them. Humans cannot live alone in their lives. The research explains how education and educational goals are in Islamic educational philosophy.
The effectiveness of live-coding to teach introductory programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Live-coding is defined as "the process of designing and implementing a [coding] project in front of class during lecture period". In this article we present our research design and results regarding the effectiveness of live-coding to teach introductory programming. The research design includes two experimental groups spread across four sections of an introductory C++ course at Colorado School of Mines. In the control group, students were taught using static code, meaning that instructors never typed, but instead viewed, compiled, and executed code examples. In the experimental or "live-coding" group, instructors started each lecture with a blank screen, and taught code examples by systematically typing, compiling, and testing code to solve example problems.
Retention of three endodontic post systems.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Maximum load at failure, measured in kilograms, were as follows: PeerlessPosts 126.07 kg, Fiber White Posts 90.14kg, and DT Light Posts 88.46 kg. ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference among the three posts systems. PeerlessPosts required statistically significantly higher force to be removed while there was no statistically significant difference between the Fiber White Posts and the DT Light Posts; therefore, the hypothesis was rejected.
Infrared thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy with intravenous indocyanine green administration using preoperative simulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Infrared thoracoscopy with intravenous indocyanine green administration is one of the useful methods to identify an appropriate intersegmental line during thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy. In this procedure, we have introduced preoperative simulation to calculate the distance between the target tumour and intersegmental plane using Ziostation2 (Ziosoft, Tokyo, Japan) to ensure sufficient surgical margin without palpation. By using this preoperative simulation, we obtained sufficient surgical margin in a patient with a 16-mm part-solid nodular shadow undergoing infrared thoracoscopic upper division (S1–3) segmentectomy of left upper lobe with intravenous indocyanine green administration. The discrepancy between the virtual and the actual surgical margin was &lt;10 mm. This preoperative simulation can help us obtain sufficient surgical margin without palpation of the tumour in infrared thoracoscopic segmentectomy.
PULMONARY DISEASES OF CATTLE IN THE KIMBERLEY DISTRICT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A survey of pulmonary disease in cattle slaughtered in the Kimberley district of Western Australia, incidental to the monitoring of lungs for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), was initiated in 1969. The results of the first 3 years are reported and indicate the complete absence of CBPP, the occurrence of actinobacillosis as the most common pulmonary lesion, the existence of phycomycosis in a few lungs each year, the frequent presence of subacute and chronic bronchopneumonias and interstitial pneumonias possibly as sequelae of actinobacillosis, tuberculosis and the pneumomycoses, and the relatively low incidence of fibrinous and necrotic pneumonias of other bacterial origin.
LUNA: Loss-Construct Unsupervised Network Adjustment for Low-Dose CT Image Reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reconstructing low-dose CT imaging deals with handling the inherent noise within the data, which makes it a complex mathematical problem known as an ill-posed inverse problem. Recent attention has shifted towards deep learning-based techniques in CT image reconstruction. However, these approaches encounter limitations due to extensive data requirements for training and validation. We propose an unsupervised CT reconstruction technique that leverages the power of Deep convolutional neural networks (Deep CNNs), demonstrating that a randomly initialized neural network can serve as a prior. We have proposed a completely unsupervised deep learning technique called Loss-construct unsupervised network (LUNA) adjustment for low-dose CT image reconstruction. Our approach combines the traditional reconstruction technique, i.e., simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), and integrates the image prior i.e., weighted total variation (WTV) regularization within the Deep CNN model. The overall reconstruction process is optimized using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework, that balances the neural network’s internal representation with the observed data, yielding a more consistent and accurate final image. The proposed method uses various loss functions to update the Deep CNN. The optimal update of the network depends on the various loss functions. Different loss functions, including perceptual loss, SSIM loss, WL2 loss, WTV loss, and sinogram loss, are used to guide the overall reconstruction. This approach effectively handles the constraints of data limitation of deep learning-based techniques, offering a robust and unsupervised solution for low-dose CT image reconstruction.
Nazi Dreams of World Power

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| February 01 1934 Nazi Dreams of World Power Frederick L. Schuman Frederick L. Schuman The writer of this article, who is Professor of Political Science in the University of Chicago, has just returned to America after eight months’ first-hand study of the conditions in Germany. Among his published works are American Policy Toward Russia Since 1917, War and Diplomacy in the French Republic, and International Politics—An Introduction to the Western State System. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1934) 39 (5): 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1934.39.5.535 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Frederick L. Schuman; Nazi Dreams of World Power. Current History 1 February 1934; 39 (5): 535–541. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1934.39.5.535 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1934 by The Regents of the University of California1934 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A CASE STUDY ON AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs) is a neurodegenerative heterogeneous group of disorders that often-characterized progressive derangement in coordination and Balance. Presently there is no definitive cure for this genetic disease. Only a few Ayurveda case studies were reported in SCA. In the present study, a case of SCA was admitted in the IPD was treated through four phases - Deepana Pachana, Dosa Shodhana, Dosa Samana and Rasayana. The du- ration of therapy was around two months. Treatments were aimed at understanding and avoiding the predisposing factors, reversing the pathology (Samprapti Vighatana) and improving the quality of Dhatus (Rasayana), thereby improving the symptoms and arresting the progress of the disease. Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score on 23/12/2020 and 19/02/2021 showed progressive improvement while discharging. Keywords: Vata Vyadhi, Avarana, Dhatukshaya, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Neurodegeneration
Preference, knowledge and utilization of midwives, childbirth education classes and doulas among U.S. black and white women: implications for pregnancy and childbirth outcomes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This secondary analysis explored preference, knowledge and utilization of midwifery care, childbirth education and doula care among 627 black and white women at three Midwestern U.S. health clinics. Women who were white, more educated, not living in a high crime neighborhood, and privately insured were more likely to attend childbirth classes. Sociodemographic factors that predicted having heard about doula care included being more educated and having a partner. None of the sociodemographic variables predicted midwifery care. Education about existing childbearing resources and availability of low-cost options should be expanded, particularly for black women and those with low resources.
Analyses of EEG Oscillatory Activities During Slow and Fast Repetitive Movements Using Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neural oscillatory activities existing in multiple fre-quency bands usually represent different levels of neurophysiolog-ical meanings, from micro-scale to macro-scale organizations. In this study, we adopted Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis (HHSA) to study the amplitude-modulated (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) components in sensorimotor Mu rhythm, induced by slow- and fast-rate repetitive movements. The HHSA-based approach is a two-layer empirical mode decomposition (EMD) architecture, which firstly decomposes the EEG signal into a series of frequency-modulated intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and then decomposes each frequency-modulated IMF into a set of amplitude-modulated IMFs. With the HHSA, the FM and AM components were incor-porated with their instantaneous power to achieve full-informa-tional spectral analysis. We observed that the instantaneous power induced by slow-rate movements was significantly higher than that induced by fast-rate movements (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The alpha-band AM frequencies induced by slow-rate movements were higher than those induced by fast-rate move-ments, while no statistical difference was found in beta-band AM frequencies. In addition, to study the functional coupling between the primary sensorimotor area and other brain regions, spectral coherence was applied and statistical difference was found in frontal area in slow-rate versus fast-rate movements. The discrep-ancy between slow- and fast-rate movements might be owing to the change of motor functional modes from default mode network (DMN) to automatic timing with the increase of movement rates. The use of HHSA for oscillatory activity analysis can be an effi-cient tool to provide informative interaction among different fre-quency bands.
Promoting Good Governance Through Transnational Projects: A Study of Swedish Funding in Russia 1991–2005

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article explores how foreign funders may promote good governance in a country without a history of established democratic processes. It examines the travel of ideas of democracy and human rights from Sweden to Russia through transnational cooperation projects during the period 1991–2005. Considering these projects as forms of high‐stakes translations, the study finds that many of them engaged with Russian society only on a superficial level without embedding ideas in local organizational practices. Identifying the weaknesses often found in such translations, the study points to the difficulty of contributing to a democratic transformation of Russia by means of foreign‐funded projects lacking contextual anchorage.
A mixed motive approach to lobbying: applying game theory to analyse the impact of co‐operation and conflict on perceived lobbying success

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study was motivated by the apparent discrepancy between guidance for public relations best practice using co‐operation and collaboration to resolve conflict, and the potential to use the positive elements of conflict and competition to lobby more effectively. Game theory matrix was applied to nine lobbying campaigns, and used narrative analysis to identify themes of co‐operation, conflict, and mixed motive lobbying in the transcripts. The primary research identified that: Conflict, co‐operation and mixed‐motive lobbying were apparent in all the case studies. Mixed motive lobbying was unattainable between organizations with diametrically opposed interests and this may limit its application. A further obstacle to mixed motive strategies is the high level of resources it uses. The numerical game theory matrix used in this study was of limited use, however, the conceptual framework the theory provided was effective at modelling conflict and co‐operation strategies. Formal co‐operative alliances were common in the sample. Smaller coalitions appeared to be more effective than the larger ones. Those engaged in high conflict campaigns perceived themselves to be more effective than those engaged in lower conflict campaigns, however, this would need to be examined more exhaustively to establish causality. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Coach-Athlete Relationship in Married Couples: An Exploratory Content Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the interpersonal athletic relationship of four married coach-athlete dyads. In order to facilitate the examination of this unique relationship, the interpersonal constructs of closeness, co-orientation, and complementarity were integrated into a conceptual-based model. The main purpose of this study was to establish the utility of the constructs in understanding the coach-athlete relationship in married couples. Following in-depth interviews, the responses of the participants were content analyzed. Analysis revealed that the coaches and athletes’ close relationship facilitated the formulation of a cooriented view of relevant and important issues which subsequently affected the way in which cooperative interactions were expressed in training. The relationship-oriented aspects of this unique dyad are discussed in relation to a proposed conceptualization of the coach-athlete relationship, and future directions are presented.