jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The potential benefits of regionally differentiated Covid-19 policies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract While many countries introduced regionally differentiated policy measures for Covid-19, such as social distancing, lockdowns and working from home, the Netherlands opted for national binding policies already in the early stages of the pandemic. Using detailed data on the impacts of the first lockdown on consumers’ and producers’ behaviour, as well as scenarios varying on intensities of measures, we show that regional differentiated policies could have mitigated a significant part of the losses in production resulting from the Covid-19 measures. The self-organizing capacities of the regional economic system fuel this mitigation, with regional variation in policies being a sufficient precondition. Coordinated and explicitly planned policies aimed at supporting specific region-industry clusters may further mitigate impacts but are difficult to achieve due to the number (wickedness) of possible policy options. It would also assume full information and coordination capacities in governance that are not present. The results of our analysis hold important implications for future mitigation strategies for pandemics or other regional shocks.
High resolution structures of the complexes of α α α α-amylase with tripeptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Experimental Three tripeptides, RCA, RSA and KSA, were designed by computer modeling and synthesized by liquid phase synthesis. The crystals of α-amylase from B. licheniformis were grown by vapor diffusion method. The crystals are 0.52.0 mm in length, 0.1-0.15 mm in both width and thickness. The crystals of the three complexes were prepared by soaking α-amylase crystals in 10 mM RCA, RSA and KSA, respectively. They were cut to 0.3 mm long and frozen in the presence of 25% glycerol. The X-ray data were collected at station BL6A to 1.75, 1.80 and 1.90 A resolution respectively. The data were processed using HKL 2000 software, giving Rsym of 6.7, 7.2 and 7.8 % respectively and data completeness of 100 %. The structures of the three complexes were solved using difference Fourier method, based on the structure of α-amylase from B. licheniformis
Energy intake highs and lows: how much does consistency matter in weight control?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Behavioural weight control programmes recommend adherence to daily energy intake goals, yet also allow for flexibility in intake across days. Evidence is lacking as to whether intake consistency is important for weight control. The current study explored the relation between day‐to‐day intake consistency and weight loss in the context of behavioural weight loss treatment and examined the relationship between variability in intake and several factors known to be associated with weight control success. Participants ( N = 283) enrolled in a 12‐month behavioural weight loss programme completed 24‐h recalls of dietary intake and psychological measures. At the end of treatment, low intake variability and greater weight loss were associated, but variability was not predictive of weight loss independent of mean intake in continuous analyses. Interestingly, participants who met the programme goal of ≥10% weight loss had less intake variability compared to those who lost <10%, although groups did not differ significantly on mean intake. Results suggest that daily intake consistency may facilitate successful weight loss for some. Additionally, autonomous motivation for weight management and cognitive dietary restraint were inversely related to end‐of‐treatment intake variability. Additional research is needed to examine whether recommendations to limit intake variability during behavioural weight loss treatment improve long‐term weight control.
Continuity between Early Paulicianism and the Seventeenth-Century Bulgarian Paulicians: the Paulician Legend of Rome and the Ritual of the Baptism by Fire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the Middle Ages two dualistic communities were active in Bulgaria and Bulgarian lands – Bogomils and Paulicians. Paulicians, unlike Bogomils, survived as a separate religious sect up to the 17th century, when most of them gradually accepted Catholicism. The detailed reports of Catholic missionaries, priests and bishops shed light on different aspects of their beliefs and practices from the 17th century. The aim of the present article is to propose an explanation of a strange ritual and a legend spread among the Bulgarian Paulicians and recorded in the above-mentioned reports. The thesis of the article is that the legend and the ritual in question refer to the early history of Paulicianism. The ritual is related to syncretic religious notions and goes beyond the scope of dualism. I try to examine the legend and ritual in the context of Paulician history in the Balkans, especially in the context of Paulician belief system, inherited from the early Anatolian Paulicians.
Observations onthe useoftheCoulter modelD electronic cell counter inclinical haematology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Theprinciple oftheCoulter counter, modelD,is thata suspension ofparticles passes through an orifice, where theparticles interfere withthepassage ofanelectric current, producing pulses on an electronic counter. Thecircuit canbeadjusted to varythecritical volume whichwill just produce a pulse. Alteration ofthis 'threshold' value enables all particles tobecounted, orbyraising thethreshold, onlyparticles ofprogressively larger sizes. Bothred andwhite cells maybecounted. Incounting red cells acorrection isnecessary because sometimes morethanoneredcell passes through theorifice at atime, reducing thetruetotal; atable provided by themanufacturers gives thecorrections. RED CELLS According toBrecher, Schneiderman, andWilliams (1956), thestandard error oftheredcell counton this machine is2%.Table Ishows thevalues obtained byexamination ofthebloodof10normal healthy malemembers ofthelaboratory staff, using the oxyhaemoglobin method, ahaematocrit centrifuge, theCoulter redcell counter, andfromthese calcu
Needed Research in Health and Medical Care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Visual search for a feature-absence target among to-be-remembered items can compete for attentional resources for VWM consolidation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Forming a durable representation in visual working memory (VWM) requires a relatively time-consuming memory consolidation process, and thus may require involvement of an attentive process. In the present study, we tested whether or not change detection performance can be impaired when a feature-absence target embedded in a sample array is sought after. In Experiment, subjects performed a color change detection task in which sample array was made up of 3 or 6 colored letters (e.g., Q and O). In the simple feature pop-out condition, a target was a letter, ‘Q’ while distracters were all ‘O’s for each trial block of setsize 3 or 6. In the feature-absence search condition, the target designation was reversed. In each trial, subjects were asked to report target presence or absence as quickly as possible upon the sample array, and were asked to report presence or absence of a change when a test probe showed up after a memory delay. In the pop-out search condition, search RTs did not differ across the set size 3 and 6 trials, and change detection accuracy in the setsize 3 trials was higher than setsize 6 trials. In the feature-absence search condition, search RTs were slower in the setsize 6 than setsize 3 trials. Change detection accuracy in the setsize 6 trials was lower than the setsize 3 trials just like as in the pop-out search condition, but the difference of the accuracy was more evident than that in the pop-out search condition. The results indicate that searching for a feature-absence target embedded in the sample array competes for attentional resources during consolidation of the sample items into VWM, whereas searching for a pop-out target does not evoke such competition. This supports for the idea that attention plays an important role when memory items are consolidated into VWM.
Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background To the authors' knowledge, the question of whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with outcomes in patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is not well studied at this time. In the current study, the authors investigated patterns of HPV testing and its association with survival in patients with SNSCC using the National Cancer Data Base. Methods The authors selected all SNSCC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2016. HPV testing practices, clinicodemographic factors, treatments, and survival were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression and propensity score–matched survival analyses were performed. Results A total of 6458 SNSCC cases were identified. Of these, only 1523 cases (23.6%) were tested for HPV and included in the current study. The median patient age was 64 years and the majority had advanced stage tumors (overall AJCC stage III‐IV, 721 patients; 62.1%). HPV‐positive SNSCC comprised 31.5% (447 of 1418 cases) of the final study cohort. Among 15 hospitals that routinely tested nonoropharyngeal SCCs for HPV, the percentage of HPV‐positive SNSCCs was smaller (24.6%; P = .04). Patients with HPV‐positive SNSCC were younger (aged 60 years vs 65 years; P < .001), with tumors that were more likely to be high grade (55.3% vs 41.7%; P < .001), and attributed to the nasal cavity (62.2% vs 44.0%; P < .001). HPV‐positive SNSCC was associated with significantly improved overall survival in multivariable regression analysis (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.72 [ P = .001]) and propensity score–matched (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.96 [ P = .03]) analyses controlling for clinicodemographic and treatment factors. Conclusions Currently, only a minority of patients with SNSCC are tested for HPV. However, a sizable percentage of SNSCC cases may be HPV related; furthermore, HPV‐positive SNSCC is associated with improved overall survival. Routine HPV testing may be warranted in patients with SNSCC.
EFFECTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC TUBAL LIGATION ON ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

18 patients between the ages of 18 and 42 (mean 33) were studied while undergoing laparoscopy for tubal ligation to discover the effects on arterial blood gases when the peritoneal cavity is distended with carbon dioxide. 45 minutes before the procedure 10 mg diazepam and .6 mg atropine were administered. Sleep was induced with thiopental Na followed by 60 mg succinylcholine for facilitation of intubation. Respiration was controlled until spontaneous ventilation was reestablished. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.5 percent halothane and nitrous oxide-oxygen. 4 arterial blood samples were obtained beginning preoperatively (preop) then 15 min after induction (unassisted breathing) 30 min after induction (after pneumoperitoneum; unassisted breathing) and 45 min after induction (with pneumoperitoneum; assisted ventilation). The pneumoperitoneum was produced with 3 to 5 liters of carbon dioxide maintained at a pressure of 35-40 cm of water. The average preop Pa oxygen was 85 torr. After induction if was 223. It remained greater than 200 throughout the procedure. The average preop Pa carbon dioxide was 34.8. After induction it was 42.4; at this point the highest Pa carbon dioxide was encountered (50). With the patient breathing spontaneously and the abdomen inflated the average was 40.6. Wth ventilatory assistance Pa carbon dioxide decreased to 35.6. Arterial pH was consistent with Pa carbon dioxide throughout the study. Satisfactory arterial blood gases were maintained indicating controlled ventilation is not mandatory for laparoscopy.
Self-organized Criticality and Scale-free Properties in Emergent Functional Neural Networks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent studies on the complex systems have shown that the synchronization of oscillators including neuronal ones is faster, stronger, and more efficient in the small-world networks than in the regular or the random networks, and many studies are based on the assumption that the brain may utilize the small-world and scale-free network structure. We show that the functional structures in the brain are self-organized to both the small-world and the scale-free networks by synaptic re-organization by the spike timing dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP), which is hardly achieved with conventional Hebbian learning rules. We show that the balance between the excitatory and the inhibitory synaptic inputs is critical in the formation of the functional structure, which is found to lie in a self-organized critical state.
Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The number of opioid-related deaths in Canada has steadily increased since 2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this trend. Naloxone has been pivotal for reducing opioid-related harms and death, and pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring the supply of naloxone to Canadians through community pharmacies. However, naloxone dispensing by pharmacists is not optimal; in fact, in Ontario, only 50% of pharmacists offer naloxone, despite national guidelines that pharmacists should offer naloxone to everyone with an opioid prescription. When asked why pharmacists do not proactively offer naloxone, recent research has identified that pharmacists need continuing education to boost confidence and knowledge on how to start conversations with patients. The study involves a delayed start, double-blind randomized controlled trial, for Canadian licensed pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. The goals of the program are to increase Canadian pharmacy professional’s knowledge, confidence, and motivation to proactively offer naloxone, as well as to decrease stigma associated with naloxone. The program incorporates behaviour change techniques from the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The intervention program includes three modules that focus on improving pharmacists’ communication skills by teaching them how to proactively offer naloxone, while the control group will complete a reading assignment on the naloxone consensus guidelines. The program will involve a process and outcome evaluation in addition to a contribution analysis. This program is important for breaking down previously identified barriers and knowledge gaps for why pharmacists currently do not proactively offer naloxone. This study will provide important new information about what behaviour change techniques are successful in improving confidence and motivation in the pharmacy profession and in an online environment. Findings from this study can be used to produce a national naloxone education program that can also be implemented into current pharmacy school curriculum.
Solar and Thermal Radiation Measurements to 32 km at Low Solar Elevations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The instrumentation and flight results of a balloonborne package of radiometers which measure the upward and downward fluxes of both shortwave and longwave atmospheric radiation are described. Ten flights wore conducted at Mildura and at Longreach, Australia. In most cases the balloon was launched just prior to dawn so that ascent data were obtained covering the period of sunrise, and float data (at altitudes between 21.5 and 31.5 km) were obtained covering the range of solar elevations from 4° to 45°. Composite experimental curves of the clear-sky planetary albedo, net radiation balance, and upward long-wave flux at the top of the atmosphere are presented as functions of solar elevation; the results from which these curves are constructed are remarkably consistent from one time and place to another, and can be regarded as representative for most of continental Australia. Angular intensity distributions of the short-wave radiation emerging from the top of the clear atmosphere are derived from all-Sky color photographs taken simultaneously with the flux measurements. The effect of atmospheric dust is very apparent at low sun elevations, and the derived Mie scatter polar diagram has a beam width of 48° An approximate calculation is used to show, however, that the effect of the dust on the upward shortwave flux is negligible except when the sun is close to the horizon when the increase may he of the order of 1.5%. Longwave and shortwave transmissivities of 0,23 and 0.7, respectively, are obtained for a cirrostratus cloud (visually 5/8 cover) from a flight through and above a typical deck. The reduction in out-going longwave radiation caused by this cirrus was 6 mW cm−2, twice the reduction observed on a flight over 8/8 cover of uniform altocumulus.
OPTIMAL INPUT SHAPING FOR VIBRATION CONTROL OF A FLEXIBLE MANIPULATOR USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents optimization of input shaping technique for vibration control of a flexible robot manipulator using genetic algorithms. In this work, a single link flexible robot manipulator that moves in horizontal plane is considered. Modeling is done using Finite Element method where the system is divided into 10 elements and the damping ratio of the system are deduced as 0.026, 0.038 and 0.040 for the first three vibration mode respectively. The input shaping technique is used to reduce vibrations in the system. This method requires estimated values of natural frequencies and damping ratios to generate impulse sequences. It is noted that the input shaping control technique is a better control technique compared to the bang-bang torque input control technique. It can be further optimized by using GA, by determining the optimal natural frequencies to cancel the resonance modes in the system and thus reducing the vibrations. For input shaping with genetic algorithm (ISGA) versus bang-bang (BB) and ISGA versus input shaping, the percentages of vibration improvement in term of area representation is about 2720.03% and 28.57% respectively. In this work, GA optimization method not only reduces the vibrations, but also reduces time delay.
Scientific utilisations of reproductive tissues: “good eggs”, women and altruism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines debates regarding whether women should donate oöcytes for research in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) or be paid. Payment is expected to increase the number of providers by providing an impersonal rather than personal incentive: cheaper fertility treatment or interest in the therapeutic benefits of SCNT research for a friend or family member. The contemplation of a payment system marks a shift from Titmuss’s model of altruistic donation. However, in both models the provider is disinterested in some way: by giving in the spirit of the public rather than private sphere. To shed light on these issues, I analyse empirical data collected with qualitative methods. I report findings that indicate providing oöcytes for SCNT research is unappealing for two reasons: first, ‘good eggs’ are essential to achieve one’s maternal aspirations; second the process of oöcyte extraction is perceived as requiring an extraordinary amount of physical and emotional discipline. Yet the results indicate that these issues are mitigated when oöcyte provision occurs for a personal incentive. This affective framework—the identification of a specific benefit or beneficiary—can change perceptions of effort, risk and reward. A woman may be transformed into a ‘good egg’ – a donor providing social benefit – if there are concrete, rather than abstract, dimensions to the process of scientific research. Hence, these findings indicate that connections between femininity and altruism are flexible. I also argue that the advocates of a payment model recall the figure of the citizen who ‘should’ be motivated by the spirit of the public sphere. However, for the participants in this study, payment represents an inappropriate motivation. I show that contributions to science are interested and occur in relationship between an individual, the tissue and the collective the research claims to benefit.
Developing Interdisciplinary Connections between Sustainability and Stem by Integrating 3D Tools in Primary Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young people are the future of society and agents for social change. That is why it is so crucial to provide education that not only equips them with knowledge and skills but also changes their attitudes and behaviour towards sustainable development. The need for education that supports a more sustainable world has become more evident as it can enhance people’s lives and contribute to sustainable development. STEM education is described as an interdisciplinary approach to learning in which students use science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in situations that establish links between school, community, work, and the global enterprise, thus allowing the growth of STEM. The hands-on, interactive, and visualization-based learning experience that 3D technologies provide helps students take a more active approach to the academic material that they are studying. Students have access to 3D models that not only allow them to go more deeply into each subject but also make it much easier for them to retain their ideas.
Toward a Learning Ecosystem for Diagnostic Excellence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diagnostic excellence is a Grand Challenge Problem requiring a comprehensive and coordinated approach, such as those demonstrated in the characteristics of learning health systems (LHSs). To appreciate a vision for how the LHS can promote diagnostic excellence in medicine, we interviewed 32 experts focused on diagnostic excellence (n=18), machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare (n=6), and LHSs (n=8). We report on barriers and facilitators within their respective fields and in potential collaborations, then use their insights to envision a learning ecosystem that advances diagnostic excellence with the support of methods associated with LHSs, and ML/AI. This learning ecosystem will use complementary perspectives to foster continuous, ongoing learning at an economy of scale and scope, through shared use of common social and technical infrastructure.