jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Die Cast Magnesium Alloys Subject to Rapid Deformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of strain rate on tensile properties of cold chamber die cast AZ91D, AM60B and AM50A test bars is reported. The strain rate was varied from 15 s<sup>1-</sup> to 130 s<sup>-1</sup>, a range typical of deformation and crash. All tests were done at room temperature.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The properties measured include fracture elongation and ultimate tensile strength values. The results are discussed in terms of the work hardening characteristics and strain rate sensitivities of the materials, and parameters in a material model suggested by Johnson-Cook have been determined. It has been found that flowstress increases and that elongation is not affected by strain rates from 15 s<sup>-1</sup> to 130 s<sup>-1</sup>. The energy absorption during deformation increases therefore with the speed of deformation, emphasizing the positive properties of magnesium die cast alloys for safety related applications.</div>
The Conversational Strategies used in One Episode of Hitam Putih Talk Show Program

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigated the usage of conversational strategies in one episode of Hitam Putih talk show program. This study had three objectives: (a) to find out the types of conversational strategies used by the host and the guest in one episode of Hitam Putih talk show program, (b) To find out the function of conversational strategies used by the host and the guest in one episode of Hitam Putih talk show program, and (c) to find out the differences and the similarities of conversational strategies used by the host and the guest in one episode of Hitam Putih talk show program. The participants in this study are Deddy Corbuzzier, the host of Hitam Putih talk show program and Emma Fauziah as the guest. In conducting this study, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method. The data was taken from video record. The writer used Coates theory (2004) of conversational strategies to analyze the data. The data show that there are six types of conversational strategies: minimal responses, hedges, questions, tag questions, directive and compliments. Besides that, the writer also interprets the differences and the similarities of conversational strategies used by the host and the guest in one episode of Hitam Putih talk show program through supporting theory, language and gender (Eckert and McConnell-Ginet, 2003). This study also described in detail in relation to how the participants use conversational strategies and its function in mixed-gender conversation (male and female). The result of this study showed that the most frequent strategy in the data is questions. The most frequency types of conversational strategies used by the host as male speaker are questions (93.4%) and the most frequency types of conversational strategies used by the guest are questions (63.3%). The writer also found that male and female speaker used all conversational strategies except swearing and taboo languages.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN AIR MINERAL (AIR GALON) PADA APARTEMENT GREEN PARK VIEW, DAAN MOGOT JAKARTA BARAT (STUDI KASUS PADA TIGA PENYALUR PENJUALAN AIR MINERAL)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the strategy to increase sales of mineral water (gallon water) in the Green Park View apartment of three types of brands that are favored by consumers, Aqua, Cleo, Vit. This research is a qualitative study using a SWOT analysis tool. The data collection method is conducting interviews and observations. Based on the results of the research, the strategy taken is to strengthen the salesman team, strengthen brand identity, door-to-door, and set extreme strategies by raising selling prices and providing leeway for some time in paying off his first order. Whatever the policies of these three suppliers will have an impact on increasing profits for the company. Keywords: Marketing strategy, marketing mix, SWOT, qualitative
Discussion on the Application Prospect about Two-line Hybrid Rice in Heilongjiang Province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two-line hybrid rice is named for its only need two breeding materials which are photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line and restorer Lines.On the basis of mainly introducing the national good development trend status of two-line hybrid rice,the existing problems of developing two-line hybrid rice were analyzed,and the broad prospects of effective using existing conventional japonica hybrid rice to develop two-line hybrid rice in Heilongjiang province was proposed.
The Process Mechanisms Linking Recruiter Positive Moods and Organizational Attraction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms through which recruiters' positive moods lead to organizational attraction. Participants consisted of 161 applicant–recruiter dyads from 55 companies in T aiwan. Results show that recruiters' felt positive moods were positively related to applicant's perceptions of informativeness and competence, which, in turn, influenced organizational attraction. In addition, recruiters felt that positive moods were positively related to their display of positive moods, which were positively related to applicant's positive moods, which, in turn, affected organizational attraction.
Laparoscopic management of persistent gastrocutaneous fistula after feeding gastrostomy appliance removal in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Feeding gastrostomy is widely used in children that have troubles of swallowing and need to stablish enteral feeding. There are several methods for creation of that stoma. After the children gain their normal ability of swallowing, this tube or appliance is removed. Failure of spontaneous closure of gastrostomy opening after removal of the tube was reported with an incidence of 0.5 to 3.9%. The purpose of authors was to study laparoscopic management of persistent gastrocutaneous fistula after failure of conservative measures. Results There were 19 patients, 12 males. Main cause for feeding gastrostomy was neurological. Most feeding gastrostomy tubes were inserted endoscopically. The mean operative time was 57 ± 10.2 min. The mean time of full oral intake was 24 ± 3.5 h. No wound infection had developed. There was no recurrence of fistula after management. Conclusion Laparoscopic management of persistent gastrocutaneous fistula is safe, feasible, and associated with no recurrence of fistula.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a High‐prevalence Pediatric Population: A Comparison of 2 Fecal Antigen Testing Methods and Serology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives: Accurate methods for diagnosing active Helicobacter pylori infection in children have been limited to invasive or time‐consuming techniques. Recently, fecal antigen testing has been used successfully for the diagnosis of H pylori infection in the pediatric population. We compared 2 monoclonal fecal antigen diagnostic methods in a population of children with a suspected high prevalence of H pylori infection. We also assessed the diagnostic performance of H pylori immunoglobulin G serology. Materials and Methods: In a cross‐sectional study of African refugee children (<16 years) we compared an immunochromatographic technique (ICT) and serology with a monoclonal fecal antigen enzyme immunoassay (MFAT) method for the detection of active H pylori infection. Following the manufacturer's instructions, an optical density of ≥0.190 was used as a cutoff for MFAT. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: Of the 193 eligible children enrolled, active H pylori infection was detected in 149 of 182 (81.9%) in whom MFAT was performed. The prevalence of active infection increased with age; children with active infection were significantly older, and there were no sex differences. ICT and serology underperformed in comparison with MFAT (ICT sensitivity 74.6%, specificity 63.6%, positive predictive value 89.8%, negative predictive value 36.8%; and serology sensitivity 57.9%, specificity 77.4%, positive predictive value 92.0%, negative predictive value 29.9%). Conclusions: Monoclonal enzyme immunoassay fecal antigen testing is a practical and feasible alternative to traditional invasive diagnostic methods in high‐prevalence pediatric populations. Neither immunochromatography nor serology is useful for the diagnosis of active H pylori infection in these children.
Excipients selection in multidrugformulations development : Solution behavior of structurally relatedcalcium channel blockers combined with indapamide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The increased demand of formulations containing more than one drugrequire improved understanding of the solution evolving from suchsystems and the effect of included excipients on their solubilityand dissolution behaviors. In this study, the solution behavior of structurally related drugs(dihydropyridines) combined with indapamide was explored. Inaddition, the origin of solubility differences between the drugswas investigated by determining their solubility and thermalproperties. The concentration of the drugs from supersaturatedsolutions generated by antisolvent addition was measured in bufferand excipients. There were distinct differences between the physiochemicalproperties and solubility values of the dihydropyridines, explainedby the additive effect of their hydrophobicity and strength ofcrystal lattice. Indapamide’s solubility was decreased by the sameextent when combined with either of the dihydropyridines. Thedihydropyridines varied in their behavior. Nifedipine maintainedsame supersaturation level until the amount of indapamide addedexceeded 400 mikrogram/ml and then its solubility increased by 2-folds and was maintained. There was no change in the concentrationof felodipine until the amount of added indapamide exceeded itsamorphous solubility, where a decrease was seen in felodipine’ssolubility. There was a clear differential solubilization effect of felodipineand indapamide by the excipients. The cyclodextrins was used inindapamide and felodipine combination because the relativesolubility improvement of indapamide. The study demonstrates the complexity of the solution behavior ofmultidrug combinations. This doesn’t only involve drugs formulatedtogether in one formulation but could involve medicine formulatedwith various excipients and administrated at the same time.
Imaging Features and Complications of Female Urethral Diverticula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A female urethral diverticulum is a focal outpouching of the urethra into the urethrovaginal potential space.1 The reported incidence of urethral diverticula in women is approximately 1% to 6%, with the diagnosis typically occurring between the third and sixth decades of life.2 In symptomatic women, the classic clinical triad of dysuria, dyspareunia, and postvoid dribbling is present (the “three Ds”).1 However, women with urethral diverticula are more commonly asymptomatic or present with an array of nonspecific genitourinary symptoms such as urinary frequency and urgency, chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, and stress or urge incontinence. More atypical presentations include urinary retention, urethral pain, purulent urethral discharge, pelvic or suprapubic pain, or a tender mass.1 , 3 Because of the varied clinical presentation, a urethral diverticulum should be considered in all women with unexplained lower genitourinary tract symptoms.3 Other differential diagnoses for women presenting with unexplained lower genitourinary symptoms include interstitial cystitis, urethral syndrome (ie, urinary urgency and frequency with negative urine cultures); Skene's gland abscess; Gartner duct cyst; ectopic ureterocele; periurethral fibrosis; urethrocele; endometrioma; urethral or vaginal neoplasm; and collagen bulking agents used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.1 , 3 The correct diagnosis of a urethral diverticulum is critical, as potential complicating features include recurrent infection, calculus formation, and intradiverticular malignancy.2 Moreover, late diagnosis of urethral diverticulum is associated with high risk of postoperative complications, high recurrence rate after surgery, and, if malignancy is present, early metastases.1
Efficacy of Myrmecodia Platytyrae (MyP) Water Extract in Reducing Cholesterol Level in Hypercholesterolemia Induced Sprague Dawley Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Myrmecodia plant or ant-nest plant is from Rubiaceae family. Rubiaceae are mainly tropical woody plants, consist mostly of trees and shrubs and can be found in temperate regions. Myrmecodia platytyrea (MyP) are believed to have medicinal value. This study was designed in order to investigate the effect of MyP extract as anti hypercholesterolemic agent. The results showed that treatment of MyP can significantly reduce (p<0.05) low density lipoprotein (LDL) compared to negative control group. The extract was significantly increase (p<0.05) high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration compared to negative control group. Besides that, MyP increased fecal cholesterol and fecal bile compared to normal control group. It was also found that lipid profile was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in MyP treatment group. All biochemistry data showed that MyP water extract was not toxic at all.
Single-Embryo Metabolomics and Systematic Prediction of Developmental Stage in Zebrafish

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metabolites, the end products of gene expression in living organisms, are tightly correlated with an organism’s development and growth. Thus, metabolic profiling is a potentially important tool for understanding the events that have occurred in cells, tissues, and individual organisms. Here, we present a method for predicting the developmental stage of zebrafish embryos using novel metabolomic non-target fingerprints of “single-embryos”. With this method, we observed the rate of development at different temperatures. Our results suggest that this method allows us to analyse the condition, or distinguish the genotype, of singleembryos before expression of their ultimate phenotype
The disposition to document: the lived experience of teachers who practice pedagogical documentation - a case of study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Abstract]In recent years there has been a great deal of attention paid in early childhood settings to pedagogical documentation, a practice that has developed in the \npreschools of Reggio Emilia, Italy. Following upon the devastation of World War II, educators, parents and children began working in this small city to reconstruct \ntheir society and to build an exemplary system of education for young children. This system has become known as the Reggio Emilia approach. A hallmark of the \nReggio Emilia approach, pedagogical documentation, is a way of making visible the learning processes by which children and teachers work in early childhood centres. \nIt may include anecdotal observations, children’s work, photographs, audio and video tape recordings, and children’s voiced ideas. An integral part of the \ndocumentation is the teacher’s reflective commentary. Pedagogical documentation can also be a focus for linking theory and practice. \n \nThis qualitative instrumental case study involved looking at the personal qualities that have enabled three particular teachers located at an early childhood \ncentre in Seattle, U.S.A., to embrace with enthusiasm the practice of pedagogical documentation. What are the lived experiences of these teachers? Do these teachers demonstrate particular attributes that foster “disposition to document”? \n \nThree teachers, along with two of the school’s parents, participated in a series of interviews which were analysed for significant themes. Subsequent conversations with the participants confirmed the initial themes I had drawn from \nthe interview data. \n \nA relationship of reciprocity emerged - working with pedagogical documentation fostered dispositions that each teacher already had, while at the same time, these teachers were drawn to the Reggio Emilia approach because it resonated with them in an intuitive way. Pedagogical documentation demands a high level of intellectual commitment and a passionate engagement with one’s \nteaching. Parallels were also found between pedagogical documentation and phenomenological research.
Arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure can modify the clinical course of knee osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been controversial. This study compares the clinical outcomes of the arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure (ACRFP) and conservative treatment. Methods During the year of 2016, 524 patients (882 knees) who were older than 40 years of age and diagnosed with different stages of knee OA were scheduled for ACRFP under the protocol of knee health promotion option (KHPO) for knee OA. Of those, 259 patients (413 knees) eventually received ACRFP (the ACRFP group), and 265 patients (469 knees) didn’t receive ACRFP but received conservative treatment (the non-ACRFP group). A telephone questionnaire was used to evaluate the subjective satisfaction and the incidence of receiving arthroplasty for these patients. Results After the mean follow-up period of 61.6 months (SD 4.5), there were 220 patients (374 knees, 90.6%) in the ACRFP group and 246 patients (431 knees, 90.0%) in the non-ACRFP group completed the outcome study. The satisfactory rate was statistically higher for the ACRFP group (90.64%) than for the non-ACRFP group (70.3%) and the difference in subjective satisfaction was more obvious in patients with more advanced knee OA. As for the incidence of patients having subsequently received arthroplasty, it was higher (13.46%) in the non-ACRFP group than in the ACRFP group (4.28%). Conclusion Compared with conservative treatment, ACRFP could satisfy more patients with knee OA and modify their natural course by decreasing the incidence of subsequent arthroplasty.
Tissue Characterization of In-Stent Neointima Using Optical Coherence Tomography in the Late Phase After Bare-Metal Stent Implantation　– An Ex Vivo Validation Study –

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study confirmed the potential use of OCT in differentiating several types of neointima after BMS implantation. The image interpretation of OCT, based on visualization of stent struts, enables identification of several types of neointimal tissues, including in-stent fibroatheroma formation, more accurately.
Facile synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a novel series of 7,8-dihydro-2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-aryl-cyclopenta[b]pyrano-pyrimidine-4,6-5H-dione derivatives catalyzed by reusable silica-bonded N-propyl diethylenetriamine sulfamic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An efficient method for the synthesis of a novel series of cyclopenta[b]pyrano pyrimidinone derivatives with silica-bonded N-propyl diethylenetriamine sulfamic acid (SBPDSA) as catalyst has been achieved by the condensation of 2-amino-4-phenyl-5-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid under solvent free conditions. Antimicrobial studies showed all the target compounds processing good antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Chapter 2: Questioning the Virtue of Virtue Ethics: Slowing the Rush to Virtue in Research Ethics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this unashamedly polemical piece it is argued that we should not jump into bed with virtue too quickly. It is suggested that the concept of virtue is dangerously ill defined, so it becomes what those in power hegemonically define it to be; that virtue’s rise may serve factional political purposes within social science; that system implications are frequently missed, side-lined or minimised so that virtue niavely becomes a purely individual construct; that aspirational codes, which expect a-contextual demonstration of ‘virtue’ from practitioners, need to be tempered with a dose of reality; and that the achievable ‘good enough’ is better than the unrealisable and idealised virtuously ‘perfect’. It is suggested that the implied centrality of ‘virtue’ in research is problematic, that being ‘critically virtuous’ has limits, and that better education will not necessarily lead to morality and integrity in research – any more than it does in the general population. Finally it is argued that ethics committees should focus on (probable) behaviours, rather than rather than imagined motives or vague character traits. Locating virtue in an individual is dangerous because it allows the system to blame and punish an individual, rather than acknowledge the collective responsibility of the whole system. It is suggested that we need to move from a purist pursuit of virtue to a more realistic and nuanced appreciation of the real world consequences of its adoption. Whilst the present emphasis on sound research ethics and responsibility is a positive development, we need to slow down.
Tetrahedral Zinc Complexes with Liquid Crystalline and Luminescent Properties:  Interplay Between Nonconventional Molecular Shapes and Supramolecular Mesomorphic Order

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel metallomesogens with luminescent properties and liquid crystalline behavior at room temperature have been achieved by the preparation of zinc complexes with polycatenar pyrazole and bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands. Their molecular structures do not have a conventional shape in that they are far from the typical rod-like and flat disc-like geometries of common liquid crystals. They consist of a nonplanar nucleus due to the methylene spacer and/or the coordination to the tetrahedral center, as confirmed by single crystal analysis of the cores. The different numbers and positions of side chains in the pyrazole ligand enabled us to access lamellar and columnar mesophases and, of particular interest, to obtain columnar arrangements at room temperature. Supramolecular models for the organization of the molecules in the mesophases are proposed on the basis of the small-angle XRD diffractograms. The zinc complexes display luminescence in the near UV-blue region with large Stokes shifts. An interplay between non-conventional molecular shapes (due to the tetrahedral core) and the supramolecular mesomorphic order (due to the ligand design) led to materials that interestingly embody two rather opposite properties, a columnar self-organizational ability and luminescence with weak intermolecular interactions.
SH1033634.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.