jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Synergy of Wind and PV Power in Galicia Using Copula Theory

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the main goals of international sustainability projects is the transition to renewable energy. This study uses copula theory to explore the relationship between wind and photovoltaic (PV) electricity Production in Galicia, Spain. The aim is to analyze the interaction and complementarity between these two renewable energy sources. The research uses copula models to capture the dependency structure between how much wind and PV energy is generated, recognizing that their interactions are complex and not linear. Copula theory allows us to represent how wind and PV energy behave together, enabling the prediction and optimization of energy production. That said, this research shows how to improve the stability and sustainability of energy networks. The methods used in this study can be applied to other regions and energy sources, giving us a flexible way to explore renewable energy systems in the future.
Analysis of a Genetic Isolate: The Case of Carloforte (Italy)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We reviewed data collected during several studies concerning the genetic isolate of Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy) and analyzed new data on Y-chromosome markers. Carloforte is also a language island, where people still speak Tabarchino, an archaic form of Ligurian dialect. Demographic data indicate that, in the early years of its history, the Carloforte population was characterized by a high degree of endogamy and consanguinity rates that started to decrease around 1850, when marriages with Sardinian people began to occur more frequently. Cultural factors, mainly language, account for the high endogamy. Genetic data from classical markers, mtDNA, and Y-chromosome markers confirmed the strong isolation of the Carloforte population, which appears significantly different from the neighboring population of Sardinia. Analysis of mtDNA emphasizes the crucial aspect of sampling strategy—two different samplings of the same population (one based on founder surnames; the other one based on grandparents’ criterion) gave different results. Founder surnames sampling is not affected by recent events, and therefore it better describes the ancestral population, whereas, grandparents’ criterion sampling gives a picture of the present population, shaped by more recent events, such as migration and gene flow. This review further supports the notion that a comprehensive approach, including a detailed knowledge of the history of the population and the collection of different samplings, is essential in anthropology for reconstructing past and recent events that contributed to establishing the present genetic structure of the population. Likewise, it is essential in medical genetics to identify genes involved in complex diseases. An ideal scenario is offered by a genetic isolate with a recent, and well-documented, history, such as Carloforte, that can be a paradigm for this type of investigation.
Performance of the Time Resolved Spectrometer for the 5 MeV Photo-Injector PHIN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The PHIN photo-injector test facility is being commissioned at CERN to demonstrate the capability to produce the required beam for the 3 rd CLIC Test Facility (CTF3), which includes the production of a 3. 5A stable beam, bunched at 1. 5G Hzwith a relative energy spread of less than 1% .A 90 ◦ spectrometer is instrumented with an OTR screen coupled to a gated intensified camera, followed by a segmented beam dump for time resolved energy measurements. The following paper describes the transverse and temporal resolution of the instrumentation with an outlook towards single-bunch energy measurements.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HANSENÍASIS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PINHEIRO – MARANHÃO

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leprosy is an ancient pathology caused by an obligate intracellular microorganism, Mycobacterium leprae, which evolves slowly, manifesting itself through dermatoneurological signs and symptoms causing skin and peripheral nerve lesions. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, retrospective study, whose data collection came from diagnosed and notified leprosy cases in the municipality of Pinheiro - MA, from 2017 to 2021, in the online databases of the Information System of Notification Damages (SINAN) available from the SUS Department of Informatics (DATASUS). Leprosy cases in the municipality of Pinheiro, in the respective years, were a total of 188 reported cases. The year 2018 was the highest in terms of the incidence of cases, totaling 29.78% (56) of cases. In 2020, it recorded a lower incidence, totaling 14.36% (27) of cases, the highest notification occurred in individuals aged 30 to 39 years, totaling 39 cases. With regard to skin lesions, 44 of the reported cases occurred in patients with 2 to 5 lesions and 42 cases were greater than 5. The clinical form Dimorph was the largest identified during the period, with 80 cases. Of the 188 notifications, 119 progressed to cure and 12 dropped out. In view of the results, it was possible to trace the epidemiological profile of the disease, placing the elimination and control of leprosy as necessary.
Effect of Diet on Visceral Morphology of Breeding Wood Ducks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Changes in Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) digestive organs reflect adaptations to accommodate changes in diet quality, metabolism, and food intake. The size of the gizzard, intestine, ceca, and liver of males decreased between fall and spring and correlated with a reduction in the fiber content of the diet. The mean size of the intestine, liver, and ceca of hens increased in response to high dietary fiber in fall and hyperphagia during laying. Decreases in the size of digestive organs in hens were associated with reduced feeding during incubation and decreased dietary fiber between fall courtship and prebreeding.
Fundamental limit of gate oxide thickness scaling in advanced MOSFETs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The statistical distribution of the direct tunnel leakage current through the ultrathin gate oxides of MOSFETs induces significant fluctuations in the threshold voltage and the transconductance when the gate oxide tunnel resistance becomes comparable to the gate poly-Si resistance. By calculating the measured tunnel current based on multiple scattering theory, it is shown that the threshold voltage and the transconductance fluctuations will be problematic when the gate oxide thickness is scaled down to about 0.8 nm.
Formation of memristor nanostructures for RRAM memory by local anodic oxidation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A layout of resistive random access memory was developed and manufactured based on TiO2 nanostructures obtained by the local anodic oxidation. It is shown that TiO2 nanostructures exhibit a stable memristor effect without carrying out an additional electroforming operation at 20 measurement cycles. The resistance ratio of the memristor nanostructure in the high-resistance state and low-resistance state was 16.
Angiosarcoma of the spleen: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results of the ultrastructural study of one of two cases of splenic angiosarcoma established the blood vessel origin of this tumor. Fifty-three previously reported cases were reviewed. None of the 55 patients had a history of exposure to thorium dioxide, vinyl chloride, or arsenic, which are known to be associated with hepatic angiosarcoma and other tumors. A comparison of the splenic and hepatic angiosarcomas showed that tumors not associated with exogenous material frequently involve the spleen and liver simultaneously, and that tumors associated with thorium dioxide, vinyl chloride, or arsenic commonly involve the liver with sparing of the spleen.
The complex interplay between macronutrient intake, cuticular hydrocarbon expression and mating success in male decorated crickets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The condition dependence of male sexual traits plays a central role in sexual selection theory. Relatively little, however, is known about the condition dependence of chemical signals used in mate choice and their subsequent effects on male mating success. Furthermore, few studies have isolated the specific nutrients responsible for condition‐dependent variation in male sexual traits. Here, we used nutritional geometry to determine the effect of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on male cuticular hydrocarbon ( CHC ) expression and mating success in male decorated crickets ( Gryllodes sigillatus ). We show that both traits are maximized at a moderate‐to‐high intake of nutrients in a P:C ratio of 1 : 1.5. We also show that female precopulatory mate choice exerts a complex pattern of linear and quadratic sexual selection on this condition‐dependent variation in male CHC expression. Structural equation modelling revealed that although the effect of nutrient intake on mating success is mediated through condition‐dependent CHC expression, it is not exclusively so, suggesting that other traits must also play an important role. Collectively, our results suggest that the complex interplay between nutrient intake, CHC expression and mating success plays an important role in the operation of sexual selection in G. sigillatus .
Laxative and Anti-Helmintic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We here in explore scientifically the anthelmintic and laxative potential of traditionally used medicinal plants of India and substantiate the folklore claims. In present communication Crude aqueous extract of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. (family: Euphorbiaceae) at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg was investigated for laxative activity according to Cappaso et al. in albino rats that were compared with standard drug agar-agar (300mg/kg, p.o.) in normal saline. The rats were fasted for 12 hours before the experiment. After 8 hours of drug administration the faeces were collected and weighed. The extract was found to produce significant laxative activity in dose dependant manner. Also the aqueous extracts of plant of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma and Ascardia galli. Various concentrations were used in the bioassay, which involved paralysis and death time of the worms. Both the extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity.
Cryopexy of Epithelial Downgrowth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cat and owl monkey models of epithelial down-growth offer a new modality for testing treatment protocols for this intractable condition. We evaluated single-freeze-thaw and freeze-thaw-freeze-thaw cryopexy of corneal epithelializations to determine adequacy of these techniques for killing proliferating corneal epithelium in the owl monkey model. The minimum treatment required to completely eliminate histologically viable epithelium from the inner corneal surface consists of two consecutive, transcorneal 20-s applications of −60 to — 80°C cryopexy, administered freeze-thaw-freeze-thaw with anterior chamber air bubble insulation, and repeated at locations approximately 3 mm apart.
Fig. 7 in Diversity and distribution of Pleioplectron Hutton cave wētā (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the synonymy of Weta Chopard and the description of seven new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 7. Left hind tibia of cave wētā in the genus Pleioplectron Hutton, 1896, dorsal view. A. P. simplex Hutton, 1896, adult ♀, Hinewai Reserve, Akaroa (MPN CW4114). B. P. hudsoni Hutton, 1896, adult ♂, Otaki Forks, Tararua Forest (MPN CW3890). C. P. thomsoni (Chopard, 1923) comb. nov., adult ♂, Claremont Bush Reserve, South Canterbury (MPN CW4115). D. P. triquetrum sp. nov., adult ♂, Hinau Track, Kaikōura (MPN CW3921). E. P. auratum sp. nov., adult ♂, Whites Beach, Rarangi (MPN CW4295). F. P. gubernator sp. nov., adult ♂, Lewis Pass (MPN CW4066). G. P. caudatum sp. nov., adult ♂, Moeraki River (MPN CW4239). H. P. flavicorne sp. nov., adult ♀, Brewster Hut Track, Haast Pass (MPN CW3896). I. P. crystallae sp. nov., adult ♂, Cave Brook, Gouland Downs (MPN CW3994). J. P. rodmorrisi sp. nov., adult ♂, Hodder River, Inland Kaikōura Range (MPN CW3819). Scale bar = 5 mm.
SceneCrafter: Controllable Multi-View Driving Scene Editing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Simulation is crucial for developing and evaluating autonomous vehicle (AV) systems. Recent literature builds on a new generation of generative models to synthesize highly realistic images for full-stack simulation. However, purely synthetically generated scenes are not grounded in reality and have difficulty in inspiring confidence in the relevance of its outcomes. Editing models, on the other hand, leverage source scenes from real driving logs, and enable the simulation of different traffic layouts, behaviors, and operating conditions such as weather and time of day. While image editing is an established topic in computer vision, it presents fresh sets of challenges in driving simulation: (1) the need for cross-camera 3D consistency, (2) learning ``empty street" priors from driving data with foreground occlusions, and (3) obtaining paired image tuples of varied editing conditions while preserving consistent layout and geometry. To address these challenges, we propose SceneCrafter, a versatile editor for realistic 3D-consistent manipulation of driving scenes captured from multiple cameras. We build on recent advancements in multi-view diffusion models, using a fully controllable framework that scales seamlessly to multi-modality conditions like weather, time of day, agent boxes and high-definition maps. To generate paired data for supervising the editing model, we propose a novel framework on top of Prompt-to-Prompt to generate geometrically consistent synthetic paired data with global edits. We also introduce an alpha-blending framework to synthesize data with local edits, leveraging a model trained on empty street priors through novel masked training and multi-view repaint paradigm. SceneCrafter demonstrates powerful editing capabilities and achieves state-of-the-art realism, controllability, 3D consistency, and scene editing quality compared to existing baselines.
Throughput and Delay Analysis of 802.11-Based Wireless Networks Using Smart and Directional Antennas

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a mathematical framework for comparing the performance of wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, employing switched-beam, directional and adaptive antennas. The analysis adopts detailed models for the antenna system behavior and the propagation environment, taking into account multipath and interference. The purpose of this study is to determine the number of simultaneous communications that may be sustained by adopting advanced antenna systems, and to investigate, by analysis and simulation, the resulting performance improvements, in terms of throughput and packet delay. Both saturated and non-saturated traffic conditions are treated. Suitable 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) layer parameter settings, able to exploit smart and directional antenna capabilities for maximizing the throughput, are also discussed.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Trials of transvaginal mesh devices for pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic database review of the US FDA approval process.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

strengths and limitations of this study ► We searched a variety of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) summary database providing listings of all FDA 510(k) device clearances since 1976.► We identified all FDA-522 postmarketing surveillance orders for mesh products issued in 2012.► Searching the latest Cochrane review on Mesh allowed data to be extracted from all of the published randomised controlled trials comparing transvaginal grafts versus traditional native tissue repair in women with vaginal prolapse.► Although we searched extensively for meshapproved devices, we will have failed to identify some products, especially those that may have been withdrawn from the market.► The lack of a publicly accessible registry of licensed invasive devices with details of marketing status and linked evidence prevents accurate assessment of current status for many implantable devices.► We were unable to scrutinise the European approval system due to its lack of accessibility.The lack of European approval evidence prevents meaningful comparison between the European and US regulatory systems.
Évaluation et diagnostic par l’approche structurale du stock de daurades Sparus aurata (L., 1758) dans la lagune du Mellah (Nord-Est de l’Algérie)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evaluation and diagnosis of the sea-bream Sparus aurata (L. 1758) stock by structural approach in the Mellah lagoon (North-eastern Algeria). An Analytical approach was applied to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata stock evaluation in Mellah lagoon (North-eastern Algeria). Its temporal changes were followed during the period 1999-2003. Individual sea-breams 17-61 cm long were landed. This species recruits when one year old and the gears used (enclosures, gillnets) mainly captured fish 24 to 52 cm long. The coefficients of mortality due to fishing (F) estimated by the analysis of cohorts varied little according to the size of the fish. With an average of 0.09, the values of F remained unchanged from one year to the next and indicated that the stock was little fished. This is confirmed by the low value of the exploitation rate (E = 0.28). The analysis of the 1999-2003 pseudo-cohort gave annual mean values of recruitment, total abundance and total biomass of 113,617 fingerlings, 1.57 million individuals and 66.7 tons, respectively. Taking account of a stable fishing effort, the decrease in yield between 1999 and 2003 shown by the fishing statistics may have been due to a collapse of recruitment. Indeed recruitment was divided by 5.5 between 1999 and 2003, and generated a fall of 81.8 % of the biomass available during this period. These results are discussed by taking into account the changes in connection between the lagoon and the sea.
“Fridays Are Racist”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Social media platforms have become a threat to democracy and human flourishing. Critics have previously expressed alarm that our ever-increasing technological habits are negatively influencing human values and virtues. This research explores how the engagement design of social media sites is a morally questionable metric for social media ‘success'. Using a virtue ethics framework in relation to technology ethics research, as well as drawing from the work of Ellul (1962) and technology philosophers, this paper emphasizes the need for perspective and civility in engagement and argues for solutions that withdraw from an engagement design built on efficiency and financial gain. Proposed solutions include global change in the form of 1) altered weights for algorithmic prioritization (e.g., promoting diverse topics and reducing tribalist engagement), 2) returning autonomy to users (compared to corporate control), and 3) global legislation (i.e., the European Union's DSA).
POWER SUPPLY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE LINAC OF THE "NESTOR" STORAGE RING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To create the X-rays source based on the phenomena of the Compton laser radiation scattering on the relativistic electrons it was a necessity to develop electron storage ring [1] and accelerator-injector with the beam energy 60-100 MeV [2]. The control system of the power supply for the electron linac magnetic system is described in the paper. Programmable current sources equipped with the intellectual CAN-bus (CANopen)[3] controller have been designed for the specific accelerator applications. The control system software was improved to operate with industrial CANopen protocol. The test results of current source are presented.
GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF AUTOPHAGY GENES IN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA PATIENTS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objectives: There is an increasing interest in the correlation between autophagy/mitophagy processes in myeloproliferative neoplasms like polycythemia vera. Especially the Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics at the University of Split, School of Medicine conducts intensive research in this field. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of autophagy/mitophagy related genes in PV patients in order to find out, if a difference is observable compared to a control group.
Materials and methods: We used blood samples from eight PV patients to test the expression of seven autophagy/mitophagy related genes via qPCR. We then differentiated into JAK2 positive and negative patients and analyzed accordingly.
Results: After performing qPCR and data analysis, we could see that some genes in JAK2 positive PV patients were expressed more and some less than in the leukemia control. The results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The decreased expression of some autophagy and mitophagy related genes in PV patients could be an indicator for the importance of auto- and mitophagy in PV. Especially Nix and Bnip3, which both showed a decreased expression, might be indicative, because they already have been shown to play a crucial role in cancer and heart disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this relationship.
Black point of barley: doesn’t mean Guinness!

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The major end use of malting barley is for the production of beer. The malt can have a significant influence on brewing efficiency and final beer quality. Black pointed barley grain is considered unacceptable by maltsters because of the assumption it may affect the malting process and hence beer quality, by producing off-flavours, darker colour formation and beer staling. However, no evidence has been provided to categorically show that black pointed barley does alter the quality of grain, malt or beer produced. Black pointed and clean grains were malted and quality measurements performed on the wort produced. We investigated a number of malting quality parameters including hot water extract, diastatic power, and viscosity. The association with black point and variation in the colour of wort, total polyphenols in wort and wort pH, was also investigated to establish whether black point discoloured grain is suitable for use in the malting and brewing industry.
Esterase-3 polymorphism in the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The migration rate of esterases and their substrate specificity for 4-methylumbelliferyl esters (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and α- and β-naphthyl esters were analyzed in Diatraea saccharalis by starch gel electrophoresis. Substrate preference of esterases was observed with Est-2 and Est-8 isozymes showing substrate specificity for 4-methylumbelliferyl esters and Est-4 isozyme showing specificity for 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate and α-naphthyl butyrate. Allele variation was detected at the Est-3 locus. Two alleles, Est-3F and Est-3S, were identified in pupae with fluorogenic and ester-naphthyl substrates. Chi-square analysis showed no differences between the observed genotypic frequencies and those expected on the basis of Hardy-Weinberg frequencies for the Est-3 locus (χ2 = 2.4; p &lt; 0.01). The negative value for the Wright’s fixation index (F =-0.2096) calculated for the D. saccharalis population maintained under laboratory conditions indicates an excess of heterozygotes, however, the observed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicates that in the laboratory the population of D. saccharalis behaved as if the moth were randomly mating in nature. The high level of heterozygosity at the Est-3 locus indicates also that this esterase may be a good genetic marker for studies of natural D. saccharalis populations.