jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Smart City Decision Making System Based on Event-driven Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the occurrence of rapid urbanization and intensive growth of different modes of transport, we face issues such as resource management, energy demand and lack of capacity due to overcrowding. To help with these issues we leverage technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to develop smart cities. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to development of new smart city event-driven platform with which we want to simplify data input, data transformation, and decision making processes. The platform uses events, labels and reliability factor to make decisions and trigger actions. This paper begins with an overview of the smart city framework and we review the characteristics of event-driven models. The event-driven platform is presented and discussed. The paper closes with our findings, suggestions, open issues, and future research possibilities.
Phenotypic Modulation by Fibronectin Enhances the Angiotensin II–Generating System in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract —We previously demonstrated that homogeneous cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats produce angiotensin II (Ang II) in response to increases in the levels of angiotensinogen, cathepsin D, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The change of VSMCs from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype increased the amount of synthetic organelles, resulting in the production of proteases and growth factors. To evaluate the contribution of the synthetic phenotype to the generation of Ang II, we examined the effect of fibronectin (FN), which reportedly induces the synthetic phenotype, on the Ang II–generating system in VSMCs. Cultured VSMCs from Wistar-Kyoto rats were incubated with an active fragment of FN, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, for 24, 48, or 72 hours after synchronization of the cell cycle with 0.2% calf serum for 48 hours. Immunofluorescence and protein levels of α-smooth muscle (SM) actin and expression of SM22α mRNA, apparent in the contractile phenotype, were suppressed by FN, whereas expression of matrix Gla mRNA and osteopontin mRNA and protein, apparent in the synthetic phenotype, was increased. FN (1 to 1000 μg/mL) dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis in the VSMCs, which was inhibited by the Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist CV-11974. Ang II–like immunoreactivity as determined by radioimmunoassay was significantly increased in conditioned medium from the VSMCs. In addition, mRNA for the Ang II–generating proteases cathepsin D and ACE was increased by FN. Expression of transforming growth factor-β1, platelet-derived growth factor A-chain, and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNAs was also increased by FN. These results indicate that the changes accompanying the alteration to the synthetic phenotype in homogeneous cultures of VSMCs increase expression of proteases such as cathepsin D and ACE, which then produce Ang II, and that these changes increase expression of growth factors that then induce growth of VSMCs.
Flavor Entrapment Effect of Porous Starch and Sensory Characteristic of Boiled Instant Noodles Using Flavor-entrapped Porous Starch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, wild sesame leaf aromas (WSLA) were extracted and the extracted aromas were entrapped in porous potato starch micelles. The entrapped aromas did not evaporate, even by heated water treatments, and remained until a physical treatment such as chewing. Thus, the entrapped WSLA starch was used to make precooked instant noodles in order to mask or/and reduce an unpleasant raw flour flavor. The efficiencies of the flavor entrapment were analyzed using gas-chromatography equipped with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), as well as by sensory evaluation. The highest yield of the porous potato starch was shown as 82.4% at an inlet temperature (IT) of , an exhaust temperature (ET) of , and a feeding rate (FR) of 40 mL/min. In the porous starch made by IT at , ET at , and FR at 50 mL/min, the entrapment efficiency was 68% by GC analysis; this starch also had the highest WSLA and consumer acceptability, but the lowest raw flour flavor, according to the sensory evaluation results.
Molluscum Contagiosum Associated with Mycosis Fungoides Following Immunosuppressive Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

菌状息肉症で副腎皮質ホルモン剤, エンドキサン投与, デルモパン照射による免疫抑制療法中に, 躯幹, 両上腕部などに伝染性軟属腫が多発した45才家婦例を報告した。患者は免疫学的検索で, ツベルクリン反応が陰性, DNCB感作が成立せず, 末梢血リンパ球は減少しT, B cell subpopulationでT cellの減少, T : B cell比の逆転など細胞性免疫不全状態にあつた。
Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a potentially recurrent disease even after successful canalith repositioning maneuvers. However, the exact recurrence rate or any clinical factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV still need to be elucidated. Methods We recruited patients diagnosed as BPPV in a tertiary hospital for 3 years. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of the patients including baseline demographics, comorbidities and predisposing factors through the electronic medical records. We performed a telephone survey or direct interview 3 to 6 years later from the initial diagnosis of BPPV was made. To determine the factors associated with the recurrence, we divided study population into two subgroups; ârecurrence groupâ vs. ârecurrence-free group.â Then, intergroup comparative analyses were performed. Results Among 397 patients who were originally eligible for the study, we performed a telephone survey or direct interview in 289 patients (72.8%) to determine the recurrence of BPPV. The overall recurrence rate was 29.4% (85 of 289). Baseline demographics except female gender (p=0.014) were not different between subgroups. Neither clinical characteristics nor vascular comorbidities were associated with the recurrence. However, patients with low bone mineral density (BMD; T-score below â1, osteopenia/osteoporosis) showed significantly higher recurrence than those with normal BMD (40.6% vs. 0%, p=0.009). Conclusions Female gender and low BMD (T-score below â1) were associated with the recurrence of BPPV in this study. Further researches in various clinical settings with larger sample size are warranted to identify the factors affecting the relapse of BPPV. Keywords: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; Recurrence; Osteoporosis; Women ì¤ì¬ ë¨ì´: ìì±ëë°ì²´ìíê¸°ì¦, ì¬ë°, ê³¨ë¤ê³µì¦, ì¬ì±
Psychological Preparation for Gastroscopy: A Brief Intervention Reduces Patient Stress More than a Detailed Intervention

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The efficacy of psychological preparation for gastroscopy was investigated by allocating 43 subjects presenting for routine diagnostic gastroscopy to three groups. Of these, eight received a detailed 40-minute preparation with information on the gastroscope, the examination procedure, sensations to be expected, and a variety of coping mechanisms, including relaxation techniques; 15 subjects had a 10-minute preparation in which brief procedural and sensory information were given, and two coping mechanisms described; 20 control subjects received no preparation. The briefly prepared subjects showed a decisive advantage over both the controls and the detailed preparation group in measures of mood and behavioural manifestations of stress. Implications of these findings are considered with regard to the emotional factors co-existing with gastric-duodenal ulcerative disease, particularly in a South African context, and for the cost-effective preparation of patients for this and other stressful medical procedures.
Error Analysis and Its Relevance to Teaching ESL Composition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>The present paper attempts to establish the most common types of errors that Spanish students of 1st and 2nd year of Bachillerato make in ESL compositions, as well as to identify those that are produced due to the interference from Spanish into English. Once the data was collected, the errors were classified according to the following categories: spelling, vocabulary, grammar-syntax and punctuation. Next, the quantification of errors was also undertaken. The results of this study show that the Spanish students of Bachillerato produced the following mistakes most frequently: (1) spelling, (2) the incorrect use of commas, (3) the use of prepositions, (4) the incorrect use of words according to their lexical meaning, (5) the articles in English, (6) the number of nouns, (7) subject-verb agreement, (8) the use of adverbs, (9) word order and (10) the use of verb tenses. This paper can help teachers to be more aware of the most typical errors made by Spanish-speaking students in order offer activities that could assist them to master concepts in English that they find most difficult and problematic.</p>
Swedish Shell V The National Tax Board

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Transfer pricing is one of the major problems facing the nation-state in its relation with the TNCs. In Sweden the National Tax Board has made extensive inquiries into the pricing policies of the transnational corporations in the oil industry, with special attention given to Mobil, Texaco and Shell. RMR has selected some of the central parts of a judgement on the policies of Swedish Shell for the year 1976.
The Peace Level of Nations: An Empirical Investigation into the Determining Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The escalated violent conflicts and political upheavals in many developing countries have emphasized the pertinence of examining the multifaceted nature of conflict, and the various strategies that bring about reasonable degrees of peace. This paper examines the effects of national economic and socio-economic factors on national peace level, and on the corresponding elementary indicators. The empirical analysis is implemented through a panel dataset, using different econometric methodologies. The basic results underline that countries characterized by higher economic development levels, open trade systems, more educated population, and democratic systems rest on higher national peace levels. Meanwhile, countries that experience higher levels of income inequality and that are endowed with natural resources tend to be less peaceful. Also, the positive impacts of international alliances/regional blocs on national peace are mainly expressed through their promoting economic effects rather than through their aggression-deterrence properties. The empirical analysis shows that the effects of national economic and socio-economic factors on the elementary indicators exhibit considerable variations in magnitude and significance. Hence, an exclusive examination of the effects of these variables on the overall peace index would conceal significant differences across the elementary indicators, which should be accounted for when analyzing national peace and developing peace-promoting strategies.
El presente de la historia cultural.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Without any claim to exhaustivity, this essay offers an overview of recent cultural history. Given that any attempt to cover the subject in its entirety would be futile, the text begins with an introductory section that raises the issue and proceeds to a second section of sector-wide assessments in which the author evaluates and weighs up the main strands in the profound transformation that has led to the rise and growing centrality of cultural history. From there, the third section concludes with a specific treatment of changes introduced by women’s history and its feminist perspectives, a crucial theoretical vector in the current construction of discourses around subjectivity
Comparison of a ferrite based single, three-phase spoke and surface permanent magnet BLDC motor for a PV submersible water pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Photovoltaic (PV) powered submersible water pumps are the need of the hour for the remote rural areas. Permanent magnet brushless dc (PM BLDC) motor is a suitable candidate for this application, since it offers high efficiency. However, the cost of rare-earth permanent magnets is high which pave the way for the use of low-cost ferrite magnets. The motivation behind this paper is to asses the design feasibility to develop a low-cost BLDC motor for PV submersible pump. Hence, 2D-FEM aided analysis of single, three phase spoke (ST) and surface mounted (SM) BLDC motor is carried out and the results of the comparison are presented. In addition, the design aspects of single phase ST and SM BLDC motor with tapered and asymmetric pole shoe design for the 100 mm bore-well PV based submersible BLDC motor water pumps are also presented.
Demographic Change, Relative Factor Prices, International Capital Flows, and Their Differential Effects on the Welfare of Generations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Demographic change has differential impacts on the welfare of current and future generations. In a simple closed economy, aging -- a relative scarcity of young workers -- increases wages, increasing the welfare of the young. At the same time, population aging will reduce rates of return to capital, thereby reducing the welfare of asset holders who are usually older than the population average. In a global world with pension systems, however, these effects are less straightforward, since international capital flows dampen the factor price changes. Moreover, pay-as-you-go pension systems financed by payroll taxes create a wedge between net and gross wages, and their intergenerational redistribution has important additional effects on the welfare of generations. To quantify these effects, we develop a large-scale multi-country overlapping generations model with uninsurable labor productivity and mortality risk. Due to the predicted relative abundance of the factor capital, the rate of return falls between 2005 and 2050 by roughly 90 basis points. Our simulations indicate that capital flows from rapidly ageing regions to the rest of the world will initially be substantial, but that trends are reversed when households de-cumulate savings. In terms of welfare, our model suggests that young individuals with little assets and currently low labor productivity indeed gain from higher wages associated with population aging. Older, asset-rich households tend to loose because of the predicted decline in real returns to capital.
Daily Oral Grepafloxacin vs. Twice Daily OralDoxycycline in the Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatisEndocervical Infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a 7‐day course of treatment with oral grepafloxacin, 400 mg once daily, and oral doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily, in patients with chlamydial cervicitis. Methods: Women aged 18 years or older attending 17 sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States who had clinical signs of mucopurulent cervicitis or who had a recent positive culture or nonculture test for Chlamydia trachomatis or who had contact with a male partner with a positive culture for C. trachomatis were enrolled into this randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled clinical study. The diagnosis of chlamydial cervicitis was based on culture for C. trachomatis . Patients were randomized to receive a 7‐day course of treatment with either oral grepafloxacin, 400 mg once daily, or oral doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily. Response to therapy was assessed 3–8 days and 21–28 days after completion of treatment. The primary measure of efficacy was eradication of C. trachomatis at the 21–28 day follow‐up visit. Clinical success, defined as improvement or complete resolution of the signs and symptoms of cervicitis, was a secondary measure of efficacy. Results: Of the 451 female patients enrolled, 228 received grepafloxacin and 223 received doxycycline. In all, 154/451 (35%) patients were evaluable at the 21–28 day follow‐up (81 who received grepafloxacin and 73 who received doxycycline). Microbiologic and clinical success rates demonstrated the equivalence of the two treatments. The C. trachomatis eradication rates were 96.3% (78/81) and 98.6% (72/73) for patients receiving grepafloxacin or doxycycline, respectively. The two study drugs were also equivalent in resolving clinical signs and symptoms, with clinical success rates of 88.9% (64/72) and 89.5% (51/57) for patients treated with grepafloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. Both drugs were well tolerated, with 47% of patients receiving grepafloxacin and 46% of patients receiving doxycycline experiencing drug‐related adverse events, none of which was serious. Conclusions: Seven days of treatment with oral grepafloxacin, 400 mg once daily, was as effective as 7 days of treatment with oral doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily, in patients with cervicitis caused by C. trachomatis . Both agents were well tolerated and had comparable safety profiles. Grepafloxacin’s once‐daily dosing regimen may offer advantages in terms of patient compliance.
Haemorrhagic episodes in haemophilia: a 5-year prospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of fresh frozen plasma and of human and animal anti haemophilic fractions in the management of patients with classical haemophilia A allows effective treatment of their bleeding episodes, so that the risk to life is reduced and life expectancy itself is prolonged. Ramgren (1962) has estimated that there has been a doubling of the age at death of haemo philiacs in Sweden since 1942 compared with the period 1900-42. There have, however, been no parallel advances in the prevention of the disease, apart from genetic counselling and sterilization, since there is no method of correcting the genetic anomaly at the chromosome level. Thus there is a steadily increasing haemophilic population whose medical and social care results in an increasing burden to the community. The increasing importance of the medicosocial aspects of haemophilia has merited several excellent retrospective studies (Favre-Giliy, 1957 ; Ikkala, 1960 ; Ramgren, 1962 ; Wilkinson, Nour-Eldin, Israels, and Barrett, 1961) of the course of the disease and its social and economic consequences. The inherent disadvantages of any retrospective study are no less evident when applied to haemophilia. While accurate records can be made of school attendance, periods of unemployment, hospital admissions, etc., it is much more difficult to acquire clinical details of the less severe episodes which have necessitated tem porary los? of work or schooling but which have not required referral to hospital.
Collagen Integrin Receptors Regulate Early Osteoblast Differentiation Induced by BMP-2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies in several cell types indicate that the actions of integrin receptors for extracellular matrix and receptors for growth factors are synergistic in regulating cellular differentiation and function. We studied the roles of the α1β1 and α2β1 integrin collagen receptors in regulating the differentiation of 2T3 osteoblastic cells in response to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. The immortalized 2T3 cell line was established from the calvaria of mice transgenic for a BMP-2 promoter driving SV40 T-antigen. These cells require exogenous BMP-2, as well as ascorbic acid and β-glycerolphosphate, for expression of a mature osteoblast phenotype and formation of a mineralized matrix. To determine how integrin receptors for collagen-I affect BMP-2 signaling, function-perturbing anti-rat α1 and/or α2 integrin subunit, or anti-type I collagen (Col-I), antibodies were added to human recombinant (hr)BMP-2–treated 2T3 cultures at confluence (C0) or at 4 or 8 days postconfluence (C4, C8). After 4 days of exposure to the antibodies, cultures were assayed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA levels and enzyme activity and for cAMP production in response to parathyroid hormone. Addition of anti-Collagen-I or both anti–integrin-α1 and -α2 antibodies to C0 cultures blocked expression of these early osteoblast markers by more than 90%, and also blocked mineralization (0.5–1.8% control) of these cells. In all cases, adding anti-α1 or anti-α2 antibodies separately produced partial effects, while their combined effect approached that of anti-Collagen-I. When antibodies were added to more differentiated 2T3 cells, the inhibitory effects decreased. 2T3 cells carrying constitutively active BMP receptor (caBMPR-IB) showed elevated ALP activity without hrBMP-2; this constitutive activity was also suppressed by α1 and α2 integrin antibodies and by anti-Col-I antibody. Together, our data suggest that a signal(s) from collagen integrin receptors regulates the response to BMP downstream of BMPR-IB and upstream of the regulation of ALP mRNA and other early markers of osteoblast differentiation.
BREAKTHROUGH ECONOMY: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It has been shown, that the national economy of Russia is subject to reform and needs in innovative transformation. The information economy implies radical changes in all its spheres and affects the activities of many economic entities at different hierarchical levels of management. The directions of creation of development institutions, combining elements of self-regulation and state regulation and providing formation of breakthrough economy have been highlighted. A new breakthrough technologies of transformation of economy, along with traditional methods of managing the most priority of which are mobilizing resources in education and science-intensive industries have been considered.
Extending the Conversation: Authentic Teacher Evaluation: A Two-Tiered Proposal for Formative and Summative Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Peter Smagorinsky presents a new proposal for teacher evaluation in his article. His suggestion is quite appropriate for our times: “Assessing teachers according to what effective teachers do, rather than according to which assessment means are most cost-effective and most amenable to reduction to single scores, seems appropriate.”
[A comparative study of the osmoregulating system in the hamsters Phodopus roborovskii and Phodopus sungorus].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The hamster Phodopus roborovskii is adapted to live in desert, Phodopus sungorus in less arid regions. Hamsters of both species have rather close values of blood serum osmolality and ion concentration, after dehydration the value of urine osmolality is found to be equally high. The microdissection of the kidney did not reveal any difference in the structure and arrangement of nephrons in cortex and medulla. According to the results of immunocytochemical analysis of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system of hamster Phodopus roborovskii, compared to Phodopus sungorus, has a smaller quantity of vasopressin-positive neurons, which is likely to be a result of a release of larger quantities of vasopressin in long-term dehydration. It is suggested that of importance in the animal adaptation to life in arid condition may be not only morphofunctional reorganization of kidney but also of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system which is involved in permanent secretion of vasopressin.