jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13067: Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure Defines Immune Cell Activation Signatures From ScRNA-seq and Flow Cytometry With Implications for Cardiac Resident Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adverse remodelling and sustained inflammation are key features of chronic ischemic Heart Failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. The importance and role of monocytes and T cells in early stages after myocardial infarction are known, however their role in progression of chronic HF remains elusive. Single cell RNA sequencing of peripheral immune cells from healthy and HF donors was performed to gain insights into these altered immune profiles, revealing an increase of activated T cells in HF together with an enrichment of antigen presenting molecules (incl. HLA-DRB5) and co-stimulatory molecules (ICAM-1) on antigen presenting cells. Validation via flow cytometry in 55 young healthy controls and 110 HF patients confirmed elevated HLA-DRB5 levels in HF derived monocytes, which was positively correlated with both ICAM-1 and TREM-1 (p=0.0001 for both), indicating T cell activation induction. Accordingly, significant increases in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p=0.0001 for both) were observed in HF. Also, increasing relative TCR clonality from T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of HF patients and age matched controls suggests that circulating T cells expanded. Examination of potential downstream effects of the enhanced immune cell activation was done by measuring the serum of HF patients, showing increases in sICAM-1, IL-6 and TNFRI levels (1.75x-, 5.30x-, 2.63x-fold respectively). This secretome of HF patients was applied to endothelial cells to study direct effects, revealing increased adhesion capacity to co-cultured monocytes. Additionally, these HF secretome-exposed endothelial cells had decreased levels of the checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1 which is known to block autoimmune activity by T cells. Taken together, these data suggest HF is associated with enhanced monocyte and T cell activation as well as T cell clonal expansion. These processes may disturb resolution of inflammation in the cardiac tissue and lead to adverse remodelling and cardiac damage. More data are needed to assess the specific role of chronic monocyte and T cell activation in the progression of heart failure.
Australian Voices: Poetry and Prose of the 1970s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In choosing the poems, stories, and essays in this volume, its editor, Australian poet Rosemary Dobson, has sought works that reflect the ideas and ideals challenging the imagination of contemporary Australian writers. Her authors look to the past, finding there material relevant to today or recreating a nostalgic time gone by. They look also to the present, at the perplexities of modern life. The poets, both those of established reputation and those of fresh young talent, look to the local or the international scene, both time past and time present. In their works gathered together here are the authentic voices of Australian writers, voices that are serious and sad, bitter, ironic and funny, wry, gay and irreverent - voices for all seasons.
Time to Consensus in International Negotiations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contemporary international relations, anchored in the principles of multipolarity, frequently employ consensus-based decision-making, which prioritizes respect for all negotiating parties and ensures that the views of all participants are considered equally. While consensus remains a core mechanism for many international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), it has increasingly come under criticism for its inefficiency and substantial time requirements. This highlights the importance of examining the factors that influence the time needed to reach consensus. Utilizing formal mathematical modeling based on a modified DeGroot model, this article explores how variables such as the size of the negotiating group, the level of authoritativeness, dominance dynamics within the group, and coalition formation affect the time required to achieve consensus. The findings indicate that an increase in group size, on its own, results in only a minor increase in the time needed to reach consensus, becoming a significant factor only when paired with high levels of authoritativeness among the participants. Conversely, the presence of a highly authoritative member within a negotiating group significantly prolongs decision-making time, even in smaller groups, and the formation of coalitions (e.g., due to multiple highly authoritative members) can make reaching consensus impossible. The "consensus minus k" rule, intended to break deadlocks, is found to be ineffective for international organizations with numerous participants and divergent interests. In hierarchical structures, consensus is typically achieved through preliminary negotiations within subgroups, which further prolongs the consensusbuilding process.
Cognitive Radio Sensor Network With Green Power Beacon

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a cognitive radio sensor network with green power beacon (PB) to solve spectrum and energy scarcity problems in the resource-limited wireless sensor networks. In the proposed model, a PB node harvests energy from ambient sources and transmits the harvested energy to cognitive sensor node (CSN) through in-band energy transmission. The CSN uses the received energy to transfer its data to the sink. Resource-constrained condition of sensor network motivates us to deploy random spectrum access scheme to control the interference between primary and secondary networks, and also self-interference inside the secondary network (i.e., between the CSN and the PB). This spectrum access scheme benefits from low hardware complexity and energy consumption. Using tools from queueing theory, we analyze the service rate of the CSN and primary network for both limited-battery as well as infinite-battery CSN. Then, by optimizing the spectrum access parameters of the PB and the CSN, service rate of the CSN is maximized, while the quality of service (QoS) constraint of primary network is satisfied. For each energy harvesting rate and QoS constraint, it is determined whether energy or spectrum or both are limiting the performance of the CSN. This result can be used to adopt proper solutions for improving the performance of the network.
Hydrolytic degradation and mechanical stability of poly(Ɛ-caprolactone)/reduced graphene oxide membranes as scaffolds for in vitro neural tissue regeneration

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present work studies the functional behavior of novel poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) membranes functionalized with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoplatelets under simulated in vitro culture conditions (phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 º C) during 1 year, in order to elucidate their applicability as scaffolds for in vitro neural regeneration. The morphological, chemical, and DSC results demonstrated that high internal porosity of the membranes facilitated water permeation and procured an accelerated hydrolytic degradation throughout the bulk pathway. Therefore, similar molecular weight reduction, from 80 kDa to 33 kDa for the control PCL, and to 27 kDa for PCL/rGO membranes, at the end of the study, was observed. After 1 year of hydrolytic degradation, though monomers coming from the hydrolytic cleavage of PCL diffused towards the PBS medium, the pH was barely affected, and the rGO nanoplatelets mainly remained in the membranes which envisaged low cytotoxic effect. On the other hand, the presence of rGO nanomaterials accelerated the loss of mechanical stability of the membranes. However, it is envisioned that the gradual degradation of the PCL/rGO membranes could facilitate cells infiltration, interconnectivity, and tissue formation.
Life history and genetic diversity in red pine: implications for gene conservation in forestry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., is a suffusively rare species throughout its geographical range, occurring as small, highly fragmented populations. Such species are particularly vulnerable to the genetic and demographic stochasticity that can lead to local extinction and losses of genetic variation. Red pine illustrates the difficulty that species with long generation times have in recovering genetic diversity once it has been lost. Tree species that lose their genetic diversity may not recover the genetic variation required for effective adaptive responses to environmental challenges. Population declines in rare tree species should be viewed with greater concern by forest managers because the loss of a tree species threatens ecological stability and future economic potential in areas of limited biodiversity. Newfoundland's red pine population provides an example for a broader discussion of concepts in population ecology and genetics useful in developing gene conservation efforts for tree populations characterized by fragmented distributions, small population sizes, and declining population numbers. Key words: population ecology, genetic diversity, gene conservation, metapopulation, reproductive success
The effect of niobium on the microstructure evolution of ferritic stainless steel matrix cermets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Formation of secondary chromium-rich carbides, resulting in the chromium depletion of metallic binder, is a challenge in the technology of high-chromium steel bonded ceramic-metal composites (cermets, cemented carbides). The present work addresses the effect of strong carbide forming elements, in particular niobium, on the structure formation of straight-chromium stainless steel bonded TiC-FeCr cermets. Cermets were produced using the conventional powder metallurgy pressing and liquid-phase sintering route of cermets and cemented carbides. To study microstructural evolution of cermets scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. Results of the research showed that the addition of reasonable amounts of niobium (up to 6 wt%) is insufficient for complete suppression the formation of chromium-rich carbide precipitates. However, the niobium additions enable to reduce chromium depletion of high-chromium steel matrix of TiC-FeCr cermets.
Review: Fit to Print: Inside the Canberra Press Gallery

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At a time when the public is increasingly cynical about politics and politicians, it is not surprising that the public's view of journalists is also continuing on a downhill slide. Perceiving journalists as part of the political 'elite', the public is turning away from traditional news formats and looking for light-hearted 'infotainment' as a substitute. \nJournalist Margaret Simons' latest work is prompted by a recognition of these trends, as she delves into the elite underworld of the Canberra press gallery. Formerly a daily press journalist and currently writing for The Australian and the great independent monthly magazine Eureka St, Simons has presented the life and routines of the press gallery from both an insider's and outsider's perspective.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism (C677T) as a Risk Factor for Arterial Thrombosis in Georgian Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) gene polymorphism (C677T)] is a well-recognized genetic risk factor for venous thrombosis; however, its association with arterial thrombosis is still under debate. Herein, we evaluated the prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in Georgian patients in comparison with healthy individuals and its association with arterial thrombosis. We enrolled 214 participants: 101 with arterial thrombosis (71.3% males; mean age: 66.3 ± 12.1 years) and 113 controls (67.3% males; mean age: 56.6 ± 11.3 years). Genomic DNA was extracted from dry blood spot on Whatman filter paper. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Frequency of C677T allele polymorphism in controls was 21.2%, which corresponded to heterozygous and homozygous stage frequencies of 35.4% and 3.5%, respectively. In patient group, an allelic frequency of 33.2% was found, which corresponded to the presence of 48.5% of heterozygous and 8.9% of homozygous individuals. Comparing the frequency of mutated alleles between the 2 groups, a significantly high frequency of mutated alleles was found in patient group ( P < .05). In conclusion, high frequency of MTHFR C677T polymorphism found in arterial thrombosis patient group suggests that this polymorphism might increase the risk of arterial thrombosis in Georgian patients.
P3‐124: APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENOTYPE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to generation of β -amyloid (A β) and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are associated with DNA damage which leading to apoptosis induction e.g. in cells expressing wild-type p53. In AD, apoptosis can also be induced by the immune system e.g. tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is a main DNA repair enzyme that excises of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo2dG) from DNA.The purpose of this study was to analyze APOE genotypes and the extent of oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo2dG), and expression of p53, OGG1 and TNF-alpha protein levels in peripheral lymphocytes of AD patients and controls. The studies were conducted on 31 patients with AD, including 18 women and 13 men aging 52-85 years. The control group included 31 individuals, 18 women and 13 men aging 40-83 years. The APOE genotyping analysis was carried out with the use of Real-Time PCR and DNA sequencing. The levels of 8-oxo2dG were determined using HPLC/EC/UV (high-pressure liquid chromatography system with electrochemical and UV detection) technique. The p53, OGG1 and TNF-alpha protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Our studies indicated that the frequency of the genotype APOE ε3/ε3 was 1.7 times higher in controls than in AD. The frequency of the genotype APOE ε3/ε4 was 1.5 times higher in the AD than in controls. Only a person (control subject and AD patient) with one or two alleles of APOE ε2 had few times higher level of 8- oxo2dG compared to non- carriers of this allele. In the controls with APOE ε3/ε4 genotype the level of 8 - oxo2dG and OGG1 was nearly twice higher compared to subjects with the APOE ε3/ε3 genotype. In contrast, in AD patients with APOE ε3/ε4 genotype 8 - oxo2dG level was 1.5 times lower than in patients with APOE ε3/ε3 genotype, although the level of OGG1 in both AD groups was decreased compared to the appropriate controls. In the controls and AD,p53 and TNF -alpha protein levels were a similarly regardless of APOE genotype carriers. It appears that especially APOE ε2 and ε4 may be associated with the development of oxidative stress in AD and controls.
Social influence and impact of social media on users’ mobility decisions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social media are deemed influential in making decisions and seeking advice. Due to their explosive growth as critical channels for information, their content can trigger a place visit, a change of transport mode or destination, or plans’ cancellation. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of social media on users’ activity and mobility planning. Responses of 738 participants in a digital survey were used to formulate ordinal regression models. The developed models determine the contribution of users’ demographic characteristics, travel characteristics and social media usage to mobility decisions after using social media as a source of information. These decisions were expressed in two dependent variables; (i) the impact of social media use in activity and mobility planning; (ii) the impact of the proposed transport mode by social media information, on mode choice. Analysis of the results indicated that the models, which considered all the characteristics together, could better predict the two variables.
New Microstructural Approaches for Improved Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steels with Emphasis on TRIP Steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The newly developed multiphase high-strength steels with improved formability characteristics mainly owe their beneficial properties to their special microstructural composition. The multiphase structure can in general be classified as a mixture of varying amounts of soft steel phases and distinctly harder ones. As introduction the variety of nowadays multiphase steels is mentioned concerning the process strategy and the resulting range of strength. Focussing on the concept of TRIP steels (TRIP = transformation induced plasticity) the retained metastable austenite as one special steel phase plays an additional role. A microstructural model, which was originally applied to dualphase steels, was successfully used to explain the work hardening of TRIP steels at higher strain rates. The multiphase structure is also interesting in terms of void nucleating mechanisms. As indicated by microstructural observations austenite particles play a double role depending on the grain size. The smaller particles tend more to remain austenitic during the forming process and can delay void nucleation due to their higher local formability.</div>
Soluble DPP4 can act as a diagnostic biomarker in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with thyroid papillary carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The incidence of PTC in patients with HT is significantly elevated, and the presence of both HT and PTC contributes to a higher rate of misdiagnosis. Materials and Methods: Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on the thyroid nodule gene chip dataset from GEO Datasets. Serum and clinical data from 191 patients with thyroid nodules at the affiliated hospital were collected for analysis. Experimental techniques, including real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enzyme activity detection, were used to measure the level of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in thyroid nodule tissues and serum. Results: Thyroid nodules in patients with HT and PTC exhibit high levels of DPP4, along with elevated concentrations of soluble DPP4 in the serum. These findings demonstrate the potential predictive value of soluble DPP4 for PTC diagnosis. Conclusions: The concentration and enzymatic activity of soluble DPP4 in serum can serve as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with HT-associated PTC.
High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-PQCT) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Measurements of Proximal Tibia in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to assess bone morphometric indices of the proximal tibia and compare it with bone mineral density (BMD) at hip and lumbar spine and compare with the pQCT. Fifty consecutive patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) had a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the upper femur and lumbar spine. Upper tibial cuts were harvested from the tibial condyles and a DXA of tibial cuts was done during TKA. Bone morphometry studies were carried out using HR-pQCT. The bone mineral density at the hip was 0.54 ± 0.08 g/cm 2 and spine was 0.73 ± 0.1 with a T score at the hip −2.23 ± 0.44 and spine −2.61 ± 0.45. The bone mineral density of the tibial cut was 0.356 ± 0.03 g/cm 2 ( P < 0.001) and T score was −6.58 ± 2.87 ( P < 0.001). The average bone volume (BV) was 115.27 ± 40.45 mm 3 , trabecular number (Tb.N) was 1.45 ± 0.32 (1.009–2.37) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was 0.181 ± 0.03 mm (0.111–0.268). The mean bone mineral density measured was 206.24 ± 50.58 mg HA/ccm. This study shows that there is highly significant difference between BMD measured by DXA and pQCT, and that bone morphometric analysis indicates that there is marked decrease in the mechanical properties of the bone in the proximal tibia due to knee Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis indicating poor bone architecture and quality.
A Drug for Alzheimer's Disease: Aducanumab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a problem that has plagued humans for a long time. About 24.3 million people have Alzheimer's disease in the world, and the number is growing at a rate of 4.6 million new patients each year. The prevalence of AD increases with age. As a result, the issue of AD has become increasingly negative in recent years. The purpose of the paper is to examine whether the marketed aducanumab is useful in the treatment of AD and to compare it with several other drugs commonly used to treat AD. This paper will discuss the effectiveness and adverse effects of common medications for AD treatment and why aducanumab has not been effective in treating AD and how to improve the effectiveness of aducanumab for AD patients in the future. In addition, this paper will analyze whether aducanumab is marketed because of commercial considerations or because the drug itself was fully compliant with FDA requirements
La réforme forestière de 2002 en République démocratique du Congo. Essai d'évaluation de ses conséquences juridiques, fiscales, écologiques et socio-économiques

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the impact of logging in the DR Congo on the state of forests, public revenues and improving the living conditions of indigenous peoples and those bordering on forests. A forestry reform has been launched since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank to promote the sustainable management of forests and the development of forest populations. However, the evaluation of this public forest policy, which we have carried out after 14 years of application in order to measure its impact on sustainable forest management, forestry taxation and the local development of forest populations, shows that, if The forestry reform in 2002 contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. Thus, we suggest some reforms to improve this forestry policy.
Clinically Relevant Frailty Index for Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Frailty is a clinical syndrome associated with the aging process and adverse outcomes. The purpose of this short report was to initiate the development of a Frailty Index in 27- to 28-month-old C57BL/6 mice that matched the clinical criteria used in humans (weakness, slow walking speed, low activity level, poor endurance). The selected criteria included grip strength, walking speed, physical activity, and endurance. The criteria in mice were evaluated by the inverted-cling grip test, rotarod test, voluntary wheel running, and derived endurance scores. Each criterion had a designated cutoff point (1.5 SD below the cohort mean) to identify the mice with the lowest performance. If a mouse presented with three of the criteria scores below the cutoff points, it was identified as frail. Mild frailty was designated if two criteria were below the cutoff points. In this mouse cohort, one mouse was identified as frail and one was mildly frail. This prevalence of 9% frailty is consistent with the prevalence of frailty in humans at the same survival age. Collectively, our selected criterion, cutoff point, and Frailty Index provide a potential standardized definition for frailty in mice that is consistent with the operational definition of frailty in humans.