jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Milk Replacer Composition on Measures of Mammary Development in Holstein Heifer Calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study was to evaluate effects of milk replacer (MR) composition on: mass and composition of mammary parenchyma (PAR) and fat pad (MFP), growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis gene expression, and putative mammary epithelial stem cells. The hypothesis was that diet during the pre-weaning period alters the development, persistence, or activity of populations of putative mammary epithelial stem cells, possibly through involvement of GH/IGF-I axis molecules. Twenty-four newborn heifers were fed one of four MR diets: CON (20% CP, 21% fat MR fed at 441 g DM/d), HPLF (28% CP, 20% fat MR fed at 951 g DM/d), HPHF (27% CP, 28% fat MR fed at 951 g DM/d), and HPHF+ (27% CP, 28% fat MR fed at 1431 g DM/d). Animals were harvested on d 65 of life and mammary tissue was subjected to biochemical, molecular, and histological examination. By design, the effects of diet were evaluated at a common chronological age, but not necessarily at the same physiological age (body weight). Results from heifers reared on CON were compared to the average results from heifers reared on the other 3 diets. The second comparison evaluated the effect of increased fat in MR when protein content and intake were the same. The final comparison evaluated the effect of increased intake of a high-fat, high-protein MR. Neither diet composition nor nutrient intake in pre-weaned heifers affected PAR weight, PAR composition, GH/IGF-I axis gene expression, or putative mammary epithelial stem cell abundance when assessed at a common chronological age. Changes in MFP size and composition were observed, but no diet effect on GH/IGF-I axis gene expression in MFP was observed. This suggests nutrition is not critical for regulating the expression of local GH/IGF-I axis components or stem cell populations in the developing heifer mammary gland.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOY FERTILIZATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE USE OF DRUGS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article presents the results of research to study the effect of drugs of biological origin, namely the inoculum Rhizolin, mycorrhizal drug Mycofriend and biofertilizers based on phosphorus-potassium mobilizing bacteria Groundfix on growth processes and the formation of soybean varieties. Field studies were supposed to study the effect of various combinations of studied biological drugs in order to determine the most effective model of their use. Based on the observations and calculations, it was established that in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils the studied preparations of biological origin had a direct impact on both plant growth processes and productivity formation. It was found that the height of plants in the experiment varied depending on the variety and application of biological products, the most effective was the integrated use of Rizoline + Mycofriend + Graunfix, under these conditions the height of soybean plants in Madison was 121.6 cm, in Golden - 104.6 Along with this, a positive effect of this combination of biological preparations on the formation of individual plant productivity was established, so the highest number of beans per plant was recorded in these variants - 42.1 pieces / plant in the Golden variety and 39.5 pieces / plant in Madison variety and the largest mass of seeds from the plant, respectively - 10.4-11.9 g. ). In the variants with the use of seed treatment with the composition Risoline + Mycofriend and the application of soil biofertilizer Graunfix, these figures were 132.5 and 129.3 g, respectively. The complex application of biological products Rizoline (3 l / t of seeds), Mykofriend (1.5 l / t of seeds) and Graunfix (5 l / ha in pre-sowing cultivation) ensured the formation of the highest grain yield in the experiment of 4.05 t / ha in the variety Madison and 3.88 t / ha in the variety Golden, with the increase in yield before control was 17.9-18.1%.
Additional file 8: of Rapid clearance of heavy chain-modified hyaluronan during resolving acute lung injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histologic scoring of ALI lungs. A. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mice lungs (4 day post LPS instillation) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and scored at high power fields (400X magnification). Neutrophils marked with blue arrowhead. B. Representative images of lung sections from LPS injured TSG-6 KO and WT mice compared to PBS control taken at lower power fields (100X and 200X). Scale bars: 25 μm (400X), 50 μm (200X), and 100 μm (100X). (DOCX 984 kb)
Predatory Lending and Socially Responsible Investors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter attempts to provide a simple introduction to the complex finance, law, and policy of consumer credit markets with an eye toward helping responsible investors begin to develop the ability to shun predatory lending. While no consensus exists on what lending practices are socially corrosive, responsible investors looking for opportunities in consumer financial markets have an obligation to make their best effort to identify and avoid predatory loans. This chapter first provides a brief introduction to some of the more controversial current lending practices. Next, it summarizes evidence of self-defeating consumer borrower behavior. Then, it provides a cursory characterization of the rapidly evolving law of consumer finance. Finally, this chapter suggests several warning signs of predatory lending that can serve as a starting point for further investigation.
Effects of Methane Hydrate on the Physical Properties of Sediments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Grain size, pore content, and arrangement of pore constituents have a profound effect on acoustic and strength properties of sediments. We tested specimens containing gas hydrate, methane, and water in the pore space of coarse- and fine-grained sediments to simulate the marine environment and of frozen coarse-grained sediment to simulate permafrost conditions. The measured compressional wave velocity (Vp) changes with the extent to which the pore material cements sediment grains. Hence, for equal effective stresses, Vp is lowest in gas-charged sediments, increases for water-saturated sediments, then increases significantly for hydrate-bearing sediments because of sediment cementation provided by hydrate. Frozen sediment, effectively fully saturated and fully cemented sediment, exhibits the highest Vp. Sediment strength follows the same pattern but also shows a strong dependence on sediment grain size. For consolidation stresses associated with the upper several hundred meters of subbottom depth, pore pressures decreased during shear in coarse-grained sediments containing gas hydrate, thereby increasing strength, whereas pore pressure in fine-grained sediments typically increased during shear, which decreased strength. The presence of free gas in pore space damped the pore-pressure response during shear and reduced the strengthening effect of gas hydrate in sands.
NO x Storage and High Temperature Soot Oxidation on Pt–Sr/ZrO2 Catalyst

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

NO x storage–release and soot oxidation have been studied using strontium promoted zirconia with different surface areas. It was found that the amount of the adsorbed NO x increases with the increase of the support surface and Sr concentration up to 20 wt% Sr. Introduction of platinum has no effect on the amount of NO x stored, but improve soot oxidation due to recycling of NO to NO2. A combination of oxidation catalyst with NO x storage materials enables to lower the temperature of 20% soot conversion up to 100 °C in comparison with un-catalyzed soot oxidation.
OPTIMAL WEATHER ROUTING BASED ON ADAPTIVE BACTERIA FORAGING ALGORITHM FOR VESSEL

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The economic efficiency, energy efficiency, reduce emission, increasing safety and security play a vital role to develop a sustainable shipping fleet. One of important measures to response these requirment is the optimal weather routing system. Because of the vessel routing is influenced by the quality of meteorological and oceanographic data such as wind, waves, and currents. Therefore, In this study an optimal weather routing model (OWR) considers the meteorological and oceanographic information, ship’s characteristics combined with adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm will be proposed and applied for ship’ navigation. The simulation results will be presented to show the effectiveness as well as the reliability of this model. The OWR will make it possible for safe navigation, effective operation, energy efficiency and reduce emission from vessel.
Velocity Measurements in Metallic Melts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Various developments of velocity measuring techniques, their tests in different liquid metals, and applications in hot melts are reported. A Mechano-Optical Probe (MOP) performing local measurements up to temperatures of about 700°C has been developed and successfully tested. The Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry (UDV) can be considered as another attractive technique to get velocity data from opaque flows. To extend the application range to higher temperatures and to abrasive liquids a new integrated ultrasonic sensor with an acoustic wave guide has been designed. First successful measurements in a CuSn melt of about 620°C and in liquid Al of about 750°C were carried out. A fully contactless investigation of the mean velocity field is possible by magnetic tomography. Local measurements of the induced magnetic field and the application of inverse reconstruction techniques allow an analysis of the flow structure. A first demonstration experiment showing the feasibility of this approach for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional mean velocity structure is presented.
Experimental Investigations of Novel Compound Bearing of Superconducting Magnetic Field and Hydrodynamic Fluid Field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Long-life and high-reliability bearing is a key technology for developing the next generation of reusable liquid rocket turbopumps. We proposed a concept of superconducting compound bearing to combine the advantages of the superconducting magnetic field and the hydrodynamic fluid field. At the start-up, stop, and low-speed stages, the turbopump rotor system will be suspended by superconducting magnetic field to avoid mechanical friction and wear. The participation of hydrodynamic fluid field will ensure the stability during high-speed operational stage. An axial-type superconducting compound bearing with six tilting pads was erected, and an experimental verification of compound feasibility was conducted on an established testing device. The maximum rotational speed for experiments was 10 000 rpm, and the minimum bearing clearance was 100 μm. Due to the temperature rise on the superconducting pads during rotating, the superconducting magnetic force of the bearing decreases obviously versus the rotational speed. When the bearing clearance was decreased to 100 μm, this decay tendency was slowed down after 6000 rpm, even with an increase of 0.8 K in the cooling temperature of the liquid nitrogen container. It was attributed to the generation of hydrodynamic fluid-film force, and the value is 19.2 N at least. The monitored vibration results also reflected the different characteristics of the two physical fields. The verified superconducting compound bearing is a promising alternative for the rolling element bearings in the existing rocket turbopumps.
South American Cucurbit Fruit Fly, Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (1846: 227), which exists in several South American countries and possibly Panama, attacks watermelon and other fruits of the family Cucurbitaceae. Once a pest of minor to moderate importance generally, in recent years it has become a rather important pest. The pest status differs in each country and has changed in the last decade. This species would seem to be potentially of economic importance in Florida and southern Texas should it ever be introduced there. It has been intercepted in the United States in pumpkin from Argentina and Brazil, and one adult was found in banana debris from Panama. This document is EENY-205 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 334), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: March 2001. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in362
Abstract 4596: Genetic variants associated with longer telomere length are associated with increased lung cancer risk among never-smoking women in Asia: A report from the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recent evidence from several relatively small nested case-control studies in prospective cohorts shows an association between longer telomere length measured phenotypically in peripheral white blood cell (WBC) DNA and increased lung cancer risk. We sought to further explore this relationship by examining a panel of 7 telomere-length associated genetic variants in a large study of 5,457 never-smoking female Asian lung cancer cases and 4,493 never-smoking female Asian controls using data from a previously reported genome-wide association study. Using a group of 1,536 individuals with phenotypically measured telomere length in WBCs in the prospective Shanghai Women's Health study, we demonstrated the utility of a genetic risk score (GRS) of 7 telomere-length associated variants to predict telomere length in an Asian population. We then found that GRSs used as instrumental variables to predict longer telomere length were associated with increased lung cancer risk (OR = 1.51 (95% CI = 1.34-1.69) for upper vs. lower quartile of the weighted GRS, P-value = 4.54×10−14) even after removing rs2736100 (P-value = 4.81×10−3), a SNP in the TERT locus robustly associated with lung cancer risk in prior association studies. Stratified analyses suggested the effect of the telomere-associated GRS is strongest among younger individuals. We found no difference in GRS effect between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell subtypes. Our results indicate that a genetic background that favors longer telomere length may increase lung cancer risk, which is consistent with earlier prospective studies relating longer telomere length with increased lung cancer risk. Citation Format: Mitchell J. Machiela, Chao A. Hsiung, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei J. Seow, Zhaoming Wang, Keitaro Matsuo, Yun-Chul Hong, Adeline Seow, Chen Wu, H Dean Hosgood, Kexin Chen, Jiu-Cun Wang, Wanqing Wen, Tangchun Wu, Maria P. Wong, Yi-Long Wu, Pan-Chyr Yang, Baosen Zhou, Min-Ho Shin, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Wei Zheng, Dongxin Lin, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan. Genetic variants associated with longer telomere length are associated with increased lung cancer risk among never-smoking women in Asia: A report from the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4596
Clinical images

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A44-year-old man presented to the emergencydepartment with a two-day history of redness andpain in the fingers of both hands (Figure 1A). An intravenous morphine user, he had been injecting morphine bilaterally with the help of a partner for the past six months. The pain in his fingers had started shortly after his most recent injection. On examination, the patient had thrills over the scars of the brachial injection sites (Figure 1B). His radial pulses were normal and he had a blood pressure of 160/80 mm Hg. Echocardiography was normal. Arteriography of his upper limbs showed distal embolization in the fingers and bilateral brachial pseudoaneurysms (Figure 1C). The pseudoaneurysms may have been caused by repeated punctures of the patient’s brachial arteries. Drug-related endothelial injury may have led to platelet activation and associated localized thrombosis.1,2 Particulate emboli (e.g., talc used to dilute injected morphine), may have also con-tributed to the ischemia. Our patient’s digital ischemia improved markedly following resection of his pseudoa-neurysms and digital sympathectomy.3,4
Demonstration of Composable-ML-assisted Autonomous Lightpath Configuration over a Field-deployed SDM Network with 7-Core Fibers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates the first field trial of autonomous lightpath configuration over an SDM network using 7-core fibers. With a composable-ML-based configuration algorithm, ∼ 10-second lightpath provisioning and automated failover are achieved while desirable QoT is secured.
Peran Fear Of MIssing Out Terhadap Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial Pada Remaja

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, the use of social media has been common in the modern era, and it does not look at who use it regardless the age. People are triggered to use social media as they do not want to be called outdated. Accordingly, for some people, it is important for them to share their activities on social media. In addition, the presence of social media makes them easier to find information about the activities and lives of others. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fear of missing out on the intensity of social media use among adolescents. This study used a quota sampling technique to adolescents in Mojokerto. The research subjects were 200 adolescents aged between 15-18 years who had social media. The data collection method in this study employed the fear of missing out adaptation scale and the intensity of social media use adaptation scale. A simple linear regression analysis test was used as an analysis test, showing a significant positive effect between the fear of missing out and the intensity of social media use among adolescents (r = 0,550; p = 0,000).
Potentially Toxic Element Contamination in Soils Affected by the Antimony Mine Spill in Northwest China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential ecological and health risks in the area of the antimony mine spill in Longnan, Northwest China, and identifies the sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soil as a result of the spill. The geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor show that the study area is highly contaminated with arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and antimony (Sb). The ecological risk index in the tailings spill area ranged from 320.43 to 5820.46 (mean: 1489.82), indicating a very-high potential ecological risk, with mean values of 104.86, 1118.87 and 248.84 for As, Hg and Sb, respectively. The multivariate statistical analysis suggested that Sb and Hg come from tailings leakage, while copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) may be imported from natural sources, and As and lead (Pb) originate from agricultural activities. In addition As and Sb pose a high health risk. With the exception of the non-carcinogenic risk in adults, all other risks are significantly exceeded in other populations, with children being the highest-risk group. These findings provide important quantitative information for the assessment and management of PTE contamination in other tailings spill areas.
Proof-of-Concept Examples of Performance-Transparent Programming Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine-specific optimizations command the machine to behave in a specific way. As current programming models largely leave machine details unexposed, they cannot accommodate direct encoding of such commands. In previous work we have proposed the design of performance-transparent programming models to facilitate this use-case; this report contains proof-of-concept examples of such programming models. We demonstrate how programming model abstractions may reveal the memory footprint, vector unit utilization and data reuse of an application, with prediction accuracy ranging from 0 to 25 \%.
Non-neoplastic Liver Lesions after Biliary Stenting: Gadoxetic Acid-enhancedMRI Findings and Clinical association

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:: Non-neoplastic liver lesions that show low signal intensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) after biliary stenting and require differentiation from liver metastases may be seen. Objective:: To evaluate the imaging findings and clinical association of non-neoplastic liver lesions showing hypointensity in the HBP of EOB-MRI after biliary stenting, and assess their differentiation from liver metastases. Methods:: This study included 30 patients who underwent EOB-MRI after biliary stenting for pancreatobiliary malignancies. Among these, 7 patients had pathologically diagnosed non-neoplastic liver lesions which appeared hypointense in the HBP, and were categorized into the non-neoplastic group. The remaining 23 patients without non-neoplastic liver lesions were included in the control group. Additionally, 29 patients with liver metastasis were included as the liver metastasis group. Clinical associations and imaging features were compared between the groups. Results:: A history of cholangitis and two or more biliary interventional procedures were significantly more frequently observed in the non-neoplastic group (p=0.002 and p=0.01, respectively) than in the control groups. Regarding the imaging findings, the liver to lesion signal intensity ratio in the HBP in the liver metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non-neoplastic group (2.13 vs. 1.53, p=0.002). Additionally, liver metastases were visualized significantly more clearly on diffusion-weighted images (p=0.033) and HBP images (p&amp;amp;lt;0.001) in comparison to non-neoplastic lesions. Conclusion:: Non-neoplastic liver lesions, probably due to biliary inflammation, may be observed in the HBP of EOB-MRI in patients after biliary stenting. These lesions may be associated with a history of cholangitis and repeated biliary intervention procedure, and need to be differentiated from liver metastases.
Religiotherapy: A Panacea for Incorporating Religion and Spirituality in Counselling Relationship

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

For majority of individuals, religion and spirituality are very important issues and guides all of their decisions throughout their lives. However, most counselling psychologists find it difficult to provide counselling to clients who comes with issues they consider religiously and spiritually unethical. Such issues often require integration of religious and psychological resources as part of the counselling process. Due to the ethical issues and challenges facing counsellors with respect to their religion and spirituality and that of clients', a proactive approach is what is needed at this time. Therefore, religiotherapy stands out to bridge the gap that has overtime created a lot of incredible heartache to all concerned in the counselling profession. Religiotherapy integrates client's faith and psychology to assist the genuinely motivated client(s) willing and ready to resolve their worries. The skills and conditions for the practice of religiotherapy were examined in this article. The article also demonstrates how researches and intervention programmes that incorporates religious resources and psychological techniques in therapy to assist individual(s) serves as theoretical and empirical evidence on the effectiveness of religiotherapy. Religiotherapy make the counselling process meaningful, flexible and respectful of diverse spiritual cum religious backgrounds of clients.