jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Routine Use and Satisfaction of Measures for the Prevention of Ankle Sprain Injuries in Indoor Sports

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ankle sprain injuries account for up to 30% of all sport-related injuries
80-90% are of a lateral nature caused by a sudden excessive
inversion of the foot
Ankle sprains are extremely common in indoor sports
Athletes with a previous ankle sprain are 4.9 to 8.2 times more likely to sustain another ankle sprain injury
Current best practice prescribes a combined use of an external
measure and neuromuscular training for 1-2 years
Understanding Acquisition Cycle Time: Focusing the Research Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This research assessed defense acquisition cycle-time and cycle-time growth by formulating questions focused on how to better understand cycle-time, reviewing data analyses, and identifying additional data and assessments regarding cycle time. The research identified three management problems concerning cycle-time: setting realistic schedules, reducing schedule growth, and reducing cycle-times. The five research findings are that (1) while major weapon system acquisition programs are getting longer, there is less evidence of actual problems that increasing cycle-times either cause or indicate; (2) low priority is given to setting initial schedules; (3) pursuit of ambitious technical capabilities within a system that does not provide mechanisms for identifying and reducing technical risk contributes to long cycle-times; (4) developmental shortfalls requiring more work and time than initially planned are not identified and addressed early on; and (5) little progress has been made in shortening cycle-times. Four research areas were identified and elaborated into a work plan for future research: Priority and Focus how important is cycle-time in decision processes; how do processes for setting schedules reflect management priorities? Requirements Definition how do program requirements impact program schedules? Management and Oversight how are schedules set, assessed, and evaluated? Program Definition and Characteristics how do different types of programs affect program length? How well can program schedules be predicted?
The nigro-vagal modulation of the proximal colon is compromised in a model of environmental Parkinson's Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which results in tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Up to 80% of the PD patients suffer from constipation about 10 to 20 years before experiencing motor symptoms. We previously reported that a monosynaptic pathway connects SNpc to neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). This monosynaptic pathway modulates the vagal control of gastric and proximal colon motility, and gastric motility is impaired in an environmental model of parkinsonism, induced by oral administration of subthreshold doses of paraquat (P) and lectin (L) (PMID 30302391). The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that nigro-vagal modulation of the proximal colon is compromised in the oral P+L model of parkinsonism.Proximal colonic motility and tone were recorded in age-matched male rats via a strain gauge aligned with the colonic circular smooth muscle, approximately 3 cm distal to the ileal-cecal valve. Activation of SNpc neurons via microinjection of the ionotropic glutamate selective agonist, NMDA, increased proximal colonic motility (187±52.6% of baseline, n=13; Paired t test, p<0.0001) and tone (323±97.2mg, n=14). In our rat model of environmental parkinsonism, baseline colonic motility (155.2±49.6mg, n=5) showed no change compared to control rats (146.6±67.8mg, n=5; Unpaired t test, p=0.0387), however, the ability of NMDA-induced SNpc activation to increase colonic tone and motility was decreased (tone 303.4±70.8mg, n=5 vs 500.8±207.5mg in control rats, n=5; unpaired t test, p=0.0395; motility 139.8±24.8% of baseline, n=4 vs 222.6±62.9% of baseline of the age matched control rats, n=3; unpaired t test, p=0.0439). Gastro-cecal transit, measured using the 13C lactose ureide-breath test, showed that transit time was increased in parkinsonian rats from 132.7±28 min (n=7) to 218.4±59.4 min (n=11; one-way ANOVA, p=0.0026). Chemogenetic inhibition of the nigro-vagal pathway attenuated the delay in transit in parkinsonian rats to 173.2±16.3 min (n=5; one-way ANOVA, p=0.2886 vs control rats).These data suggest that intestinal transit is delayed, and the ability of the SNpc to modulate proximal colon motility and tone is attenuated in a model of environmental parkinsonism. Impairment of this nigro-vagal pathway may contribute to the severely reduced colonic transit and prominent constipation observed both in patients and in animal models of Parkinson Disease. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Effects of Salt Stress on Antioxidant Enzyme in Thellungiella halophilla and Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The responses of antioxidant enzyme,i.e.superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxides (POD),and catalase(CAT) in Thellungiella halophilla(6 weeks) and Arabidopsis thaliana(3 weeks) to 24h salt-stress provided by different levels of sodium chloride were analyzed.In(A.thaliana,) the activities of SOD gradually increased and the activities of CAT gradually decreased with the increase of salt concentration.The increase of activities of POD was higher than that of SOD.Both of them were the highest level under 200mM NaCl.In (T.halophilla,) the levels of activities of SOD,POD and CAT in root were higher than that in leaves.With the increase of salt stress,the activities of SOD in root and leaves were unchanged.The activities of POD decreased in leaves and increased in root,the activities of CAT increased in leaves and increased at first,and then decreased in root.The level of SOD in(T.halophilla) was much higher than that in(A.thaliana.)
Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on medical and surgical residents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background -- Previous surveys of resident physicians on human\nimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) matters have tended to focus on urban programs\nserving a patient population with an expected high prevalence of HIV\ninfection. The objective of this study was to survey a community hospital\nresidency program in a nonurban area with a perceived low HIV patient\nseroprevalence. Methods -- A 32-question survey was completed on an anonymous\nbasis by the entire 74 member multidisciplinary resident physician group at a\ntwo-campus university-affiliated hospital program in southeastern Pennsylvania\nin May 1991. Results -- Residents perceived their patient population's HIV\nseroprevalence rate to be low although they believed their personal risk of\noccupationa exposure to blood-borne infection was moderate to high. House\nstaff most often complied with universal precautions for fear of acquiring a\nblood-borne illness and most often did not comply because of time constraints. \nNot perceiving the exposure as a health risk was the primary reason for\nnonreporting of exposures. Occupational exposure rates were alarmingly high,\nwith suturing using a curved needle being the most common exposure method. \nMost residents were unfamiliar of HIV legislation. A majority of the house\nstaff wanted improved HIV patient management training and life and disability\ninsurance against occupationally acquired HIV. Many other important issues\nwere addressed in this survey. Conclusion -- Residents even in low\nseroprevalence environments do fear occupationally acquired HIV. A great need\nexists for improved training in universal precautions, acquired\nimmunodeficiency syndrome legislation, and HIV patient management as well as\nfor insurance against occupationally acquired HIV.
High Levels Of Selfing Are Revealed By A Parent-Offspring Analysis Of The Medically Important Freshwater Snail, Bulinus Forskalii (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The hermaphroditic freshwater snail Bulinus forskalii acts as intermediate host for the trematode Schistosoma guineensis, an agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Despite the medical importance of this snail, little is known about its mating system, even though this influences the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. Therefore, a parent-offspring analysis was carried out to elucidate its mating system. Eleven highly polymorphic microsatellites generated multilocus genotypes, enabling parentage assignment to all of the 432 offspring reared from 28 pairs of laboratory-bred B. forskalii. Ninety percent of progeny were of uniparental origin, and only six pairs (21% of parents) produced mixed clutches of crossed and selfed progeny. No pair reproduced exclusively by outcrossing. These results provide compelling evidence that B. forskalii has a mixed mating system dominated by uniparental reproduction, in agreement with indirect assessments from studies of population genetic structure and inbreeding effects. This reproductive strategy may be pivotal to the persistence of B. forskalii in its patchy, temporally unstable habitats, as well as helping it to cope with its parasitic burden.
Regulation of the gene for CD34, a human hematopoietic stem cell antigen, in KG-1 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CD34 is one of the best characterized human hematopoietic stem cell antigens defined to date. It is expressed on 1% to 4% of normal bone marrow cells, including colony forming units of all lineages and their precursors. CD34 expression is lost during hematopoietic development and is not found on mature peripheral blood cells. The control of CD34 expression was studied in the myeloblast cell line KG-1 as a model for the regulation of stem cell genes. CD34 mRNA was expressed at high levels in uninduced KG-1 cells. Upon induction of the cells towards macrophages with tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and ionomycin, steady state levels of CD34 mRNA decreased rapidly. Nuclear run-on assays did not show a significant change in the rate of CD34 transcription upon induction. The half-life of CD34 mRNA was 4.5 hours in uninduced KG-1 cells and 2.25 hours in induced cells, demonstrating the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms in CD34 downregulation. Cycloheximide had no effect on the downregulation of CD34, suggesting that labile proteins are not required for this process. This model should allow the study of some of the regulatory mechanisms controlling early events in hematopoiesis.
Hidden-Role Games: Equilibrium Concepts and Computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the class of games known as hidden-role games in which players are assigned privately to teams and are faced with the challenge of recognizing and cooperating with teammates. This model includes both popular recreational games such as the Mafia/Werewolf family and The Resistance (Avalon) and many real-world settings, such as distributed systems where nodes need to work together to accomplish a goal in the face of possible corruptions. There has been little to no formal mathematical grounding of such settings in the literature, and it was previously not even clear what the right solution concepts (notions of equilibria) should be. A suitable notion of equilibrium should take into account the communication channels available to the players (e.g., can they communicate? Can they communicate in private?). Defining such suitable notions turns out to be a nontrivial task with several surprising consequences. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous definition of equilibrium for hidden-role games, which overcomes serious limitations of other solution concepts not designed for hidden-role games. We then show that in certain cases, including the above recreational games, optimal equilibria can be computed efficiently. In most other cases, we show that computing an optimal equilibrium is at least NP-hard or coNP-hard. Lastly, we experimentally validate our approach by computing exact equilibria for complete 5- and 6-player Avalon instances whose size in terms of number of information sets is larger than $10^{56}$.
The Future of India's Relations with ASEAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India and ASEAN had robust relations together, after 2014 the relations exalted to new heights when Narendra Modi led government reoriented the Look East policy to Act East Policy. This article discusses how the future between India and Southeast Asia will shape by giving emphasis to the Economy and People to People interaction. It also points out the areas which need immense attention for increased connectivity.
for pesticide deposition evaluation of spraying(1)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract _ The main objective of this work was to compare two methods to estimate the deposition of pesticide applied by aerial spraying. Hundred and fifty pieces of water sensitive paper were distributed over an area of 50 m length by 75 m width for sampling droplets sprayed by an aircraft calibrated to apply a spray volume of 32 L/ha. The samples were analysed by visual microscopic method using NG 2 Porton graticule and by an image analyser computer program. The results reached by visual microscopic method were the following: volume median diameter, 398–62 µm; number median diam-eter, 159–22 µm; droplet density, 22.5–7.0 droplets/cm2 and estimated deposited volume, 22.2–9.4 L/ha. The respective ones reached with the computer program were: 402–58 µm, 161–32 µm, 21.9–7.5 drop-lets/cm2 and 21.9–9.2 L/ha. Graphs of the spatial distribution of droplet density and deposited spray volume on the area were produced by the computer program. Index terms: agricultural chemicals, aerial application, application methods, density, volume. Comparaçªo de mØtodo microscópico e programa computacional para a estimativa da deposiçªo de agrotóxicos pela pulverizaçªo aØrea Resumo _ O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar dois mØtodos para estimar a deposiçªo de agrotóxicos aplicados por pulverizaçªo aØrea. Foram distribuídos 150 cartıes sensíveis à Ægua numa
Novel integrated Omics based computational approach for drug repurposing for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) refers to a subtype of bladder carcinoma where cancer is localized in the inner lining of bladder. NMIBC consider as one of most costly malignancy and requires significant surgical and therapeutic measure. However, recurrence and progression of tumor is common in treated patients. Here we presented an integrated OMICs approach for the identification and inhibition of NMIBC specific genes. We utilized a case study where three group of patients were compared: 1) Relapsed tumors 2) recurrent tumors and 3) tumor in progression. Common transcriptome signature between patients facing recurrence and progression allowed us to identify three NMIBC specific genes FLT-1, WHSC-1 and CD34. We further utilized novel approach of Co-expressed gene-set enrichment analysis (COGENA) on the differentially expressed genes of this case study. Three drugs (paroxetine, adiphenine and H-89) with role of receptors inhibition were identified and predicted as repurposed drugs for the inhibition NMIBC specific genes. We further tested this hypothesis by performing molecular docking and simulation analysis between cancer specific proteins and drugs. FLT-1 have shown significant stable interaction with both drugs paroxetine and adiphenine whereas WHSC-1 have shown compact interaction with adiphenine and H-89. In the light of these evidence, we suggest that adiphenine could be repositioned as alternate targeted medicine for the treatment of NMIBC. In the future, this study will help for strengthening the strategies development at the molecular level for the control of carcinomas at early as well as detection of active and binding site, receptor-ligand interaction and also make drug repurposing for the early treatment of the carcinomas.
Effect of Teaching with Mirrors on Body Image and Locus of Control in Women College Ballet Dancers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This preliminary study assessed the effect of mirrors in dance instruction on body image and locus of control of women college ballet dancers. With the same instructor in two beginning ballet classes 8 women were taught using mirrors and 13 women were taught without mirrors. Subjects completed the Cash 69-item Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and the 40 item Adult Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale during the first and last classes of a 14-wk. semester. Body-areas Satisfaction increased for the nonmirror class yet decreased for the class taught with mirrors. For the nonmirror class, there were significant increases in Appearance Orientation and Externality. Analysis suggested that the use of a mirror in the teaching of ballet may be an element which contributes to the low body-image scores of the 21 women ballet dancers. Replication with a much larger sample is required to draw conclusions.
Disrupting the Trickle-Down Effect of Abusive Supervision

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Despite the numerous studies on the trickle-down model of abusive supervision, knowledge regarding what disrupts the flow is limited. I draw upon cognitive-affective system theory to understand the active role a junior leader plays in the transfer of leadership from senior leaders to junior leaders in an organization. I suggest that a junior leader's cognitive-affective units play a significant role in their decision to continue the flow of abusive supervision or choosing more empowering leadership behaviors. First, I suggest that proactive coping mediates the relationship between abusive senior leader behavior and dual outcome variables: abusive junior leader behavior or empowering junior leader behavior. Second, I suggest that junior leader emotional intelligence strengthens the relationship between abusive senior leader behavior and junior leader proactive coping. Third, I suggest that junior leader learning goal orientation will strengthen the relationship between abusive senior leader behavior and junior leader proactive coping. I further hypothesize that junior leader proactive coping will mediate the indirect effect of the interaction relationships of emotional intelligence and abusive senior leader behavior, as well as, the interaction relationships of learning goal orientation and abusive senior leader behavior on our dual outcome variables. I test my hypotheses, in a quantitative survey design of 178 supervisors in one organization with three layers of leadership that are part of the federal government organic industrial base. Results, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The garden of love: some orthodox perspectives on the spirit and the Church

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In contemporary cultures, we often observe a strong shift of values. Traditional religious ones are being replaced with “worldly” – at times petty – values. Within this context, notion and understanding of “paradise” takes a central place. Indeed, this is frequently regarded as a consolation for failed ambition on earth, rather than as recognition of true communion with God. In fact, in paradise, human beings existed in a state of harmony with their Creator and the rest of creation, as well as with themselves. Due to the fall, human beings have been deprived of Grace. However, God sent the gift of His Son to recreate cosmic unity through His body, the Church. This article explores the manner in which the Church mysteriously shapes paradise life on earth.
Collagenous colitis: constipation or diarrhoea?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As an axiom, collagenous colitis is characterised by diarrhoea, lymphocytic inflammation, and a thickened subepithelial collagen layer in the colorectal mucosa.1 Various case presentations in the literature have reported that frequent watery diarrhoea introduces the clinical picture of collagenous colitis and intermittent or continuous diarrhoea can remain.2 On the other hand, numerous cases never suffer from episodes of watery diarrhoea but suffer from chronic constipation. Can we call into question the “incontestable” definition? Bonderup et al investigated the clinical and histological effect of oral budesonide in the treatment of collagenous colitis in 20 patients and concluded that budesonide is …
Approaches to Determine Accurately the Content of Caproic Acid in Caproic Acid Bacteria Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It was found in practice that the accuracy of the determination of the content of caproic acid in caproic acid bacteria solu-tion by721type spectrophotometer—colorimetry was unsatisfactory.Different determination methods were compared and the best one was chromatography after the distillation of caproic acid bacteria solution.The method was of high accuracy and could effectively avoid the errors.(Tran.by YUE Yang)
Activated bioadhesives for bone repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of pins, screws and plates to stabilise fractured bones involve excessive drilling of holes into bones. Drilling of holes can result in osteolysis due to the increase in local temperature of the surrounding tissues. This project explores the use of a UV-activated diazirine bioadhesives in bone repair surgery. Activated diazirine bioadhesive provides surgeons with better control of the onset of crosslinking and allows surgeons to adjust the strength of adhesion based on surrounding tissues. Transparent rods were inserted into bovine cortical bone to mimic pin fixation on human bone where the bioadhesive was subsequently light activated. Optical testing was done prior to the tests to assess the intensity of UV light transmitted through the transparent rods. Compression lap shear tests were also conducted after activation of the bioadhesive to determine the strength of adhesion of the bioadhesive on bones. The lap shear strength at failure obtained from the tests was 25kPa which demonstrates proof-of-concept application and can be further explored for use in orthopaedic.
Impact of Post-Anthesis Heat Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Wheat Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to identify physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat genotypes in response to heat stress. In this respect eight wheat genotypes viz., Pavon-76, Prodip, BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, BAW-1143, BAW-1146, BAW-1147 and BAW-118 were used as study materials. The experiment was conducted during 2011-12 and 2012-13. In this experiment, physiological changes of wheat genotypes were evaluated in relation to heat tolerance in field condition by seeding them at November 27 (normal), December 17 (late) and January 7 (very late growing condition) over two successive years. HT genotypes showed higher canopy temperature depression (CTD) in each growing conditions than the MHT and HS genotypes. At late and very late growing heat stress conditions, HS genotypes exhibited larger increase in flag leaf proline at 8 days after anthesis (DAA) than the MHT and HT genotypes. At normal growing condition, the variation of total chlorophyll content in flag leaf among the HT, MHT and HS genotypes were lower compared to late and very late growing condition. The chlorophyll reduction at late growing heat stress condition was clearly distinguishable between the HT and HS genotypes.