jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association between disease progression and depression onset in persons with radiographic knee osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression may lead to deteriorating psychosocial function, but it is unclear what aspects of disease severity are related to the onset of depression. This study assessed which components of OA disease progression cumulatively contribute to depression onset in persons with radiographic knee OA. Methods Osteoarthritis Initiative participants (n = 1651) with radiographic disease (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2) in one or both knees and below the screening threshold for probable depression [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale &lt;16] at baseline were included. Disease severity was measured from baseline to the third annual follow-up visit using joint space width, 20-meter gait speed, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale, each categorized into quintiles. Depression onset (CES-D ≥ 16) was assessed annually at four follow-up visits. Marginal structural models that account for time-dependent confounding and attrition evaluated the association between each time-varying disease severity measure and depression onset. Results Each disease severity measure exhibited a non-linear relationship concerning the probability of depression onset, with the higher quintiles generally being associated with a larger risk. The highest quintile (relative to the lowest) of joint space width and gait speed were both significantly associated with depression onset. By contrast, none of the higher pain quintiles compared with the lowest were significantly associated with the onset of depression. Conclusion Faster disease progression as measured by either worsening structural severity or decreasing physical performance corresponds to an increased risk of depression among individuals with radiographic knee OA.
Protesutveckling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report investigates the possibility of developing a new and improved hip prosthesis. The result were five different materials that could be used for the prosthesis. These five solutions were Silicone Nitrate on Cobolt Chrome, phase stabilized Zirconium Oxide on Cobolt Chrome, Silicone Nitrate on Silicone Nitrate, DLC coated phase stabilized Zirconium Oxide and Chromium nitride coated Cobolt Chrome on Cobolt Chrome. In addition to this it was also investigated how to best market the prosthesis and how to transport them from production sites to hospitals.
Effects of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on Human Thyroid Carcinoma and Adjacent Normal Tissue*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effects of TSH on the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system and some parameters of intermediary metabolism were investigated in human thyroid carcinoma and adjacent normal thyroid tissue. Basal adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP concentrations were significantly higher in carcinomatous tissue. Basal [1-14C]glucose oxidation, 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids, and organification of iodide were similar in both tissues. Stimulation of cAMP by TSH was significantly greater in normal compared to carcinomatous tissue. In neither tissue was there a good correlation between TSH stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP concentrations. The TSH stimulation of 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids by TSH was significantly greater in normal tissue. The mean effect of TSH on iodide organification and glucose oxidation was similar in normal and carcinomatous tissue. Although specific binding of TSH was demonstrated in both normal and carcinomatous tissue, it did not correlate very well with stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Hormones other than TSH also augmented adenylate cyclase activity in two of the carcinomas. In individual patients, the relative responsivity of carcinomatous tissue compared to normal was not always consistent when all of the metabolic parameters were considered.
Doping and temperature dependence of superfluid weight and spectral function: Universal scaling behavior of the pseudogap

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the improved U(1) and SU(2) slave-boson approaches of the t-J Hamiltonian that we developed recently, we study the doping and temperature dependence of superfluid weight and spectral function and discuss our finding of the universal scaling behavior of pseudogap. It is shown that at low hole doping concentrations and at low temperatures there exists a propensity of a linear decrease in the superfluid weight with temperature, and a tendency of doping independence in the linearly decreasing slopes of the superfluid weight with temperature in qualitative agreement with the experiments. It is also demonstrated that there exists the boomerang behavior, that is, both Tc and the superfluid weight increase with hole doping concentration x in the underdoped region, reaches a saturation(maximum) at a hole doping above optimal doping and decreases beyond the saturation point in the overdoped region in agreement with mu-SR measurements. We further investigate the doping and temperature dependence of spectral function and discuss our theoretical finding of a scaling behavior of pseudogap. In addition we discuss the cause of hump and quasi-particle peak in the observed spectral functions of high Tc cuprates. It is demonstrated that the sharpening of the observed quasi-particle peak below Tc is attributed to the bose condensation of holon pair in agreement with observations. From the predicted ratios of pseudogap to both the superconducting temperature Tc and the pseudogap temperature T* respectively as a function of hole doping concentration x, we find that there exists a universal scaling behavior (sample independence) of these ratios with doping, by showing a nonlinearly decreasing behavior of the former and a near doping independence of the latter.
ATM : the new paradigm for Internet, Intranet, and residential broadband services and applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Foreword. Preface. Outline of This Book. Acknowledgments. I. Multimedia Applications Requirements. 1. Multimedia Applications and ATM. Interactive Multimedia Applications. An Ideal Communications Network. Summary and Outline of This Part. References. 2. Network Architectures: The Telephone Network, the Internet and Intranets. Introduction. Networking Architectures. Limitations of Today's Network Infrastructures. Summary. References. 3. An Application Classification. Introduction. Communications Applications. A Classification of Applications. Summary. References. 4. Application Traffic Requirements. Introduction. Traffic Generation Patterns. Bandwidth Requirements. Summary. References. 5. Application QoS Requirements. Introduction. Delay Requirements. Error Requirements. Summary. References. II. FUNDAMENTALS OF ATM. 6. Principles of ATM. Introduction. Principles of ATM. Advantages of ATM. Summary. References. 7. Overview of ATM. Introduction. Basic Elements of an ATM Network. Standard ATM Interfaces. ATM Layered Model. Basic ATM Network Operations. Call Negotiation and Renegotiation. VC Number and Translation. Virtual Channel and Virtual Channel Connection. Virtual Path Connection. VCC and VPC Usage. Summary. References. 8. The Protocol Reference Model of ATM, 143 Introduction. Layered Architecture. The Hourglass Model. Multi-Plane Model. B-ISDN PRM and ISO OSI Reference Model. Summary. References. 9. ATM Adaptation Layer. Introduction. End-to-end ATM Protocol Model. AAL Functions. AAL Service Classes and AAL Types. AAL Types. Summary. References. 10. ATM Access (UNI) Signaling. Introduction. ATM Signaling Concepts. ATM Connection Types. ATM UNI Signaling Protocol. Summary. References. 11. Traffic Management and ATM Service Categories. Introduction. Traffic Management. Traffic Contract. ATM Service Categories. ABR Service. Summary. References. Part III. RESIDENTIAL BROADBAND NETWORKS: ATM-TO-THE-HOME. 12. Residential Broadband Service and Network Architectures. Introduction. Legacy Residential Networks and Internet Access. Residential Broadband Service Requirements. Residential Broadband Service Architecture. Summary. References. 13. ATM Over xDSL Network Architecture. Introduction. Subscriber Loop Architecture. xDSL Technologies. ADSL-based Broadband Service Architecture. ADSL-based ATM-to-the-Home Architecture. Summary. References. 14. Hybrid Fiber/Coax Network Architecture. Introduction. Legacy Cable Network Architecture. The Hybrid Fiber Coax Network Architecture. ATM-to-the-Home over HFC Network. Summary. References.
Colonialism and hegemony in Spain and the Antilles in the nineteenth century1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jesús Raúl Navarro García, Entre esclavos y constituciónes (el colonialismo liberal de 1837 en Cuba) (1991), 299 (C.S.I.C., Seville, [Between Slaves and Constitutions (The Liberal Colonialism of 1837 in Cuba)]. Astrid Cubano Iguina, El hilo en el laberinto: claves de la lucha política en Puerto Rico (sig10 XIX) (1990), 166 (Ediciones Huracán, Río Piedras, $9.95), [The Thread in the Labyrinth: Keys to the Political Struggle in Puerto Rico (Nineteenth Century)]. Laird Bergad, Cuban Rural Society in the Nineteenth Century: The Social and Economic History of Monoculture in Matanzas (1990), xxi + 425 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $69.50). Angel Bahmonde and José Cayuela, Hacer las Américas: las elites coloniales españolas en el siglo XIX (1992), 390 (Alianza Editorial, Madrid) [To Make the Americas: Spanish Colonial Elites in the Nineteenth Century]. Ivor Noel Hume, The Virginia Adventure. Roanoke to James Towne: An Archaeological and Historical Odyssey (1994), xxviii + 491 (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, $35.00). Richard S. Wortman, Scenarios of Power — Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, Volume 1, From Peter the Great to the Death of Nicholas I (1994), xvii + 469 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $49.50). Peter Earle, A City Full of People: Men and Women of London, 1650—1750 (1994), xiii + 321 (Methuen, London, £25.00). Richard Mowery Andrews, Law, Magistracy, and Crime in Old Regime Paris, 1735–1789, Volume 1, The System of Criminal Justice (1994), xx + 608 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00). Deborah E. B. Weiner, Architecture and Social Reform in Late‐Victorian London (1994), x + 244 (Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, £40.00/$79–95). Eric Arnesen, Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class, and Politics, 1863–1923 (1994), xii + 353 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, $15.95). David Brundage, The Making of Western Labor Radicalism: Denver's Organ‐ized Workers, 1878–1905 (1994), xii + 207 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, $26.95).
Pediatric Radiation Dose from 64 Slices-MDCT in Abdomen after Using the New Pediatric CT Scanning Protocol at Phramongkutklao Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To study the radiation dose in pediatric patients after using a new pediatric computed tomography (CT) scanning protocol at Phramongkutklao Hospital as compared with the historical data and with reference level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective and descriptive study. The study target population were all consecutive patients aged <15 year-old who had received a 64-slice computed tomography of the abdomen from January 2015- August 2016 using the new protocol. The control group was patients in the same age group performing CT scan of abdomen in the past before using the new protocol. RESULTS: Total of 29 children were included in the analysis, 13 were male and 16 were female. The third quartile of the dose-length product (DLP) (75th percentile) was 125.0, 228.0, 305.6 and 381.0 mGy.cm for the patients < 1, 1 to < 5, 5 to < 10 and 10 to <15 year-old respectively. These DLP values were significantly lowered than previously reported in Thailand in almost patient age groups. CONCLUSION: The radiation dose that our pediatric patients received from undergoing CT scan of abdomen was acceptable after using the new protocol. Data collection in future studies including a higher number of patients and longer follow-up time may be helpful.
Groups That Work: Student Achievement in Group Research Projects and Effects on Individual Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Group research projects frequently are used to teach undergraduate research methods. This study uses multivariate analyses to examine the characteristics of higher-achieving groups (those that earn higher grades on group research projects) and to estimate the effects of participating in higher-achieving groups on subsequent individual learning (grade on final paper). The sample includes 257 students who completed a sociology research methods course at a small liberal arts institution between 2004 and 2015. Group achievement (grade on group research project) is predicted by group size, gender composition of the group, and group’s average grade on midterm exams. Group achievement on the research project contributes to subsequent individual learning (grade on final paper) even after controlling for individual characteristics (student’s gender, race, and average grade on midterm exams) and group characteristics. The findings support claims that group research projects are an effective pedagogy for undergraduate sociology research methods courses and point to some guidelines for instructors’ composition of groups for research projects.
[Technological advances in immuno-oncology: from fundamental concepts to patient immunological monitoring].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past decade, cancer immunology has known several advances due to both basic research and new technologies recently developed in this field. This review will illustrate the impact of some new immunological technologies and how the latter resulted in the exploration of new territories in cancer immunology and the emergence of new concepts that allowed to revisit the immunosurveillance concept and permitted to improve the patient monitoring.
Improved biological delignification of wood biomass via Ionic liquids pretreatment: A one step process

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The enzymatic pretreatment of wood biomass for degrading lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, has received much attention as an environmentally safe or “green” process. However, this process for lignin degradation has been found to be very slow, even needed several months. To overcome this limitation, this study reports a new approach for enhanced enzymatic delignification of wood biomass using room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs)- a potentially attractive “green” and “designer” solvent- as (co)solvents or/and pretreated agents. The method comprised pretreatment of wood biomass prior to enzymatic delignification in ILs-aqueous systems with the aim of overcoming low delignification efficiency associated with the difficulties in enzyme accessibility to the solid substrate and the poor substrate and products solubility in aqueous system. The results showed that IL [emim] [OAc] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) was better solvent for wood delignification than IL [bmim][Cl] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). The recovered cellulose rich materials obtained from combination effects of IL and biological pretreatment contained significantly lower amounts of lignin as compared to the amounts found when each method applied alone. The produced cellulose rich materials were characterized by acid hydrolysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). SEM and XRD revealed considerable microstructural and crystallinity index changes in the pretreated cellulose rich materials. We believe that this newly developed process will play a great role in converting cellulosic biomass- the most abundant renewable biomaterials in the world- to biomaterials, biopolymers, biofuels, bioplastics and hydrocarbons. Keywords: ionic liquids, wood biomass, cellulose, lignin, laccase, enzymatic delignification.
Re-Thinking Curriculum for 21st-Century Learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through whom is Denmark going to live in the future? We must live by our children. We do not know what they are going to do. But we know that they are the ones who will drive everything. And the best we can do for them is to prepare them for a future that no one knows what it will look like. Therefore, what is happening in the education system, public and private, is paramount. For this is where the preparation for to the unknown and unpredictable happens.
[Fibrinolytic system of animals repeatedly and chronically administered plasminogen tissue activator].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fibrinolytic system was studied in rats under various conditions of intravenous administration of the plasminogen tissue activator (RTA). Two administrations of the activator with an interval of 10 min did not cause an additional activation of fibrinolysis as compared with single treatment. Increase in amount of administrations up to four times within a day (an interval for 30 min) as well as chronic administrations of PTA within 5 days did not cause also any significant and long-term action on the animal fibrinolytic system. Efficiency of blood plasma antiactivator was decreased after repeated and chronic PTA administrations. Insensitivity of the healthy animal fibrinolytic system to repeated and chronic administration of PTA depended apparently on binding of the activator to inhibitors and on its rapid excretion from circulation.
Differential involvement of group II and group III mGluRs as autoreceptors at lateral and medial perforant path synapses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Previous reports have shown that group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) serve as autoreceptors at the lateral perforant path, but to date there has been no rigorous determination of the roles of other mGluRs as autoreceptors at this synapse. Furthermore, it is not known which of the mGluR subtypes serve as autoreceptors at the medial perforant path synapse. With the use of whole cell patch-clamp and field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) recording techniques, we examined the groups of mGluRs that act as autoreceptors at lateral and medial perforant path synapses in adult rat hippocampal slices. 2. Consistent with previous reports, the group III mGluR agonist (D,L)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid reduced fEPSPs and excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the dentate gyrus. However, the group-II-selective agonist (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) also reduced fEPSPs and EPSCs, suggesting that multiple mGluR subtypes may serve as autoreceptors at perforant path synapses. 3. Selective activation of either medial or lateral perforant pathways revealed that micromolar concentrations of (L)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) reduce fEPSPs in lateral but not medial perforant path, suggesting group III involvement at the lateral perforant pathway. Conversely, DCG-IV and 2R, 4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate, another group-II-selective mGluR agonist, potently reduced fEPSPs at the medial but not lateral perforant path, suggesting that a group II mGluR may act as an autoreceptor at the medial perforant path-dentate gyrus synapse. 4. Antagonist studies with group-selective antagonists such as (2S,3S,4S)-2-methyl-2-(carboxycyclpropyl)glycine (MCCG; group II) and alpha-methyl-L-AP4 (MAP4; group III) suggest differential involvement of each group at these synapses. The effect of L-AP4 at the lateral perforant path synapse was blocked by MAP-4, but not MCCG. In contrast, the effect of DCG-IV was blocked by application of MCCG, but not MAP4. 5. Previous studies suggest that the effect of L-AP4 at the lateral perforant path synapse is mediated by a presynaptic mechanism. In the present studies, we found that concentrations of DCG-IV that reduce transmission at the medial perforant path synapse reduce paired-pulse depression and do not reduce kainate-evoked currents recorded from dentate granule cells. This is consistent with the hypothesis that DCG-IV also acts by a presynaptic mechanism.
Review Article Are Guidelines Needed for the Diagnosis and Management of Incipient Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Current research is aiming to push the boundaries of the point at which a diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD) can be made. Clinical syndromes such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and various clinical and biological markers of AD may help to identify people in the early stage of AD, before a full dementia syndrome is present. In the first part of this paper, we discuss whether MCI represents incipient AD, and examine some of the methods currently used in research to identify AD patients in the preclinical phase. In the second part, we discuss whether specific guidelines are needed for the diagnosis and management of MCI and incipient AD, and consider the potential impact of this on clinical practice and public health from the perspective of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.
Sesamum indicum NGB04148

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Sesamum indicum
Common name(s): Sesame
Conserved by: National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Nigeria
Local sample unique identifier: NGB04148
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2007-12-17
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
EnhancedTV

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Enhanced television is a type of interactive television service provided through analog or digital transmission. Users can experience varying levels of interactivity through single‐ and dual‐screen applications. Through enhanced programming, users can select icons on the screen or press buttons on their remotes to display additional information, visit Web sites, play games, or order products. Return channels must be used in order to send user responses to the appropriate destinations. To receive enhanced television, a basic system with certain components must be in place. Set‐top boxes are the primary devices used to decode enhanced TV broadcasts and allow users to interact with the content. PCs with special tuner cards can provide the same functionality. Broadcasters and content creators are uniquely impacted by the rise of enhanced television. The tools and methods used to produce and deliver television programming are being updated to incorporate a means to embed enhanced content into the signal. Advertising, the historic means of generating revenue for broadcasters, is just one component in a new business model that includes pay‐per‐use, subscription fees, and T‐commerce.