jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pilgrimage routes from Central Europe and Scandinavia towards Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract

This chapter outlines the historical and modern development of religious pilgrimage routes and trails that have for centuries led pilgrims from Central Europe and Scandinavia to Jerusalem. Based on a detailed inventory and evaluation of sacral buildings, as well as an analysis of source materials and regional traditions and surveys among pilgrims (and tourists), a picture of the spatial distribution and diversity of marked and unmarked religious tourism trails to Jerusalem has been constructed. The picture also includes the network of St James' ways to Santiago de Compostela, which is being expanded each year.
Extended Asynchronous Switching Control of Discrete-Time Switched Positive Linear Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An extended asynchronous switching control problem for a class of discrete-time switched positive linear systems is investigated in this paper. Different from the conventional asynchronous switching in the presence of only detection delay, the extended asynchronous switching stems from two aspects: detection delay and false alarm, which can better depict the practical situation in dynamic systems control. By resorting to the average dwell time approach, a state-feedback controller is designed to guarantee the resulting closed-loop system to be positive and exponentially stable. Unlike the existing results, the obtained condition permits the ascent of the multiple linear copositive Lyapunov functions caused by detection delay and false alarm, which is less conservative. Moreover, the case without false alarm is discussed. Finally, a simulation example is exploited to verify the validity of the proposed theoretical results.
Feasibility Study of Biogas Production from Miscanthus Biomass inthe Tavoush Region

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to assess the economic feasibility of biogas production from the biomass of Miscanthus Giganteus. Three scenarios have been applied based on its productivity and stand’s life. The breakeven prices per tonne for each scenario were calculated and sensitivity analysis was conducted with respect to various factors. Afterward, the cost per gigajoule was calculated and compared to Natural Gas. The cost per gigajoule of Miscanthus ranges from 920-3033 AMD based on the sensitivity results, hence it can be quite cheap alternative depending on the yield, discount rates and rhizome costs.
3-D image reconstruction for bio nanomachines with helical symmetry: Image formation theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cryo electron microscopy leads to 3-D image reconstruction problems. The image is one projection of each of many different instances of the object. Symmetry of the object is important because then the image shows the motif in several projections with known relative orientations even though the projections of the different motifs overlap. This paper derives image formation models for helical objects based on arbitrary motifs and where the object may, in fact, not be helical but just have a rotational and translational shift between successive motifs. This image formation model potentially has computational advantages when the number of motif repetitions per helical period is large and also allows the description of imperfect helices by stochastic variation in the shifts, which may be useful in stochastic reconstruction problems for image data sets that cannot currently be successfully processed.
Design of pole placing controllers for stable and unstable systems with pure time delay

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Based on improved low order dead time approximants or starting from an overall approximation of linear time invariant systems with pure time delay, pole placing controller design is applied. This procedure yields excellent results for stable and unstable systems. The main advantage of this approach is the use of well-known state feedback control methods which can be used to shape the closed-loop response in a desired manner. As long as the approximations are of sufficient quality, the closed loop transients of model and original loop coincide within small error limits.
Maternity Care in NSW - Having Your Say 2013-14. A survey about women’s views of their maternity care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This report details the findings of a survey with women about their expectations and experiences of maternity care in public hospitals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The report provides background information about the survey project, and a summary of the responses from the women participating in the survey. The survey and this report have been structured around the three main maternity care periods: antenatal (pregnancy); birth; and postnatal (the first days and weeks after birth). All women who gave birth between 1 May and 31 July 2013 at seven public maternity units in NSW were eligible to participate in the survey. These seven maternity units account for approximately 11% of births in public hospitals in NSW, and represent a mixture of urban and regional, and tertiary and smaller health services. A total of 2048 women were mailed a survey. Survey packs were returned as undeliverable for 59 women, and 913 women returned a completed survey, representing a response rate of 46% (913/1989).
What's in a name? Anthrozoology, human‐animal studies, animal studies or…? (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Human interactions with other animals feature regularly in the pages of Anthropology Today, and academic research focusing on the human‐animal relationship is undergoing something of a boom in the social sciences and humanities generally. This comment, prompted by Caplan's paper ‘Death on the farm’ in the last issue of AT, considers the place of human‐animal interactions in anthropology through a discussion of the terminology and methodologies employed by scholars within this area. It is argued that such a discussion is instructive because, as the etymology of the term suggests, anthropology is ultimately concerned with ‘understanding humans’. The ways that we, as researchers, choose to distinguish between humans and other animals, and the ways that we choose to represent our informants' interactions with other animals, can provide considerable insight into how all concerned think about what it means to be human.
Reproducibility of radiation dosimetry assessed in a phantom and in 20 patients by planar imaging studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reproducible and accurate radiation dosimetry is important for assessment of the efficacy and toxicity of radionuclide therapy. Planar imaging methods were used and the region of interest for the whole body, organs or tumors was manually defined by the operator based on the visual boundary. The number of counts were converted to activity using a reference standard. MIRD formalism and the standard man assumption were used to derive radiation dose. Intra- and inter-operator (3 operators) reproducibility were evaluated in an abdominal phantom and in 20 patients. Operator`s skill was also examined for a trainee and 2 experienced operators. Reproducibility scores were expressed as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) based on one way analysis of variance inter-operator ICC for activities in the phantom were 0.98 for organs and 0.96 for tumors. Radiation doses and biological half-lives were assessed for whole body, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and tumors in patients for Cu-67, I-131 and In-111. Inter-operator ICC for radiation doses were 0.98 for whole body, 0.96 for liver, and 0.94 for spleen, but inter-operator ICC was slightly lover for kidneys (0.91) and lungs (0.86) where an aliquot method was used because of overlapping tissues. For well defined tumors of {ge} 3 cmmore » in diameter, the inter-operator and intra-operator ICC were 0.90 and 0.96, respectively. In all cases, the intra-operator ICC was higher than inter-operator ICC. Although the differences in inter-operator ICC were not significant for the 3 radionuclides, intra-operator ICC for Cu-67 were better than those for I-131 reflecting better image quality for Cu-67. This study revealed that inter- and intra-operator reproducibility were quite good for all tissues after a training period of 80 hours using this method.« less
Kalfou at the Crossroads

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The crossroads are a place where we find ourselves and each other. As Kalfou strives to generate new research and knowledge in reciprocal relation to aggrieved populations who are eyewitnesses to the effects of dominant social structures, our namesake—the term for crossroads in Haitian Creole—reminds us that important lessons are learned and decisions made at such critical junctions.
Impact of Import Thrifting in Indonesia: A Case Study on Used Fashion Products

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Importing used clothing has become a controversial topic in recent years. Some see it as a good solution to fight poverty and promote resource saving, while others see it as a practice that is detrimental to the clothing industry and the environment. On one occasion, I will discuss the first, why thrifting used clothing is in great demand by the public, then, second, is there a legal basis for prohibiting the import of used clothing, after that, third, is there any negative impact from buying used clothing. Because at this time Thrifting has become a fashion product that is in great demand because of its very affordable prices, attractive models, and of course it has a brand label from abroad. However, the Trade Law and the Regulation of the Minister of Trade have given a warning that actually importers may not import used goods, clothing that is not suitable for use. And if you violate it, you will be subject to sanctions in the form of 5 years imprisonment and or a fine of 5 billion. Therefore, importers and the public are urged not to buy imported used clothes and to support domestic industries that are no less good.
Responsible Tourism: A New Era of Responsibility?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The discourse on responsible tourism, although not new, has been given a new lease on life in the wake of COVID-19. Before 2020, global tourism mobilities were unparalleled with seemingly little standing in the way of the juggernaut that tourism had become. Typically, tourism is seen through an economic lens – for the jobs it provides and the impetus it gives to the coffers of governments and the wallets of tourism dependent communities. This has not changed since the tourism growth model was spawned in the 1960s and has only intensified through to the era of overtourism. In invoking the term, New Era of Responsibility, it not too subtly suggests that for global tourism, the reframing that needs to take place is urgent and has been expedited by the pandemic of 2020. What is called for has been broached before and if tourism is to be the panacea of the catalogue of things ascribed to it, business as usual is surely not feasible. The call for an epoch where responsibility is assumed reverberates in talking circles that reference the Anthropocene as a time when the urgency to act with greater responsibility is now, more than ever, vital, given that the demands put upon the planet continue to intensify while the requisite attention needed to allow recovery and replenishment, and to stave off system failure, continually deteriorates. Tourism has become entrenched as a lifestyle phenomenon for many, and a livelihood source for as many more. The call for responsible tourism appeals to finding the balance between competing priorities and most importantly, to acknowledge planetary limitations.
The complications of high‐dose corticosteroid therapy in neurosurgical patients: A prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We studied prospectively the complications of high‐dose corticosteroid administration in 121 consecutive neurosurgical patients. Dexamethasone was begun in a daily dosage of 16 mg in 36 patients, 40 mg in 43 patients, and 80 mg in 42 patients, with an antacid, and was appropriately tapered. There were three major complications (incidence, 2.4%), with 1 death definitely attributable to corticosteroid therapy (0.8%). Two of the major complications occurred in patients with previous or concurrent upper gastrointestinal disease. Nineteen patients who were maintained on long‐term (mean 206 – 56 days) daily doses of 40 mg or more for the treatment of malignant brain tumors remained free of complications. There was no evidence that increased intracranial pressure, diminished level of consciousness, or higher dosage schedules increased the risk. High‐dose dexamethasone therapy is safe in neurosurgical patients. One must use caution, however, when the history suggests gastrointestinal erosive disease.
Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl Fed Diets Containing Yellow Maize, Millet and White Sorghum as Energy Sources and Raised under Intensive System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated growth performance of guinea fowl fed diets containing 3 cereal grains as energy sources in comparison to commercial broiler diets. Birds were raised under intensive system from 3 to 16 weeks of age. A completely randomized design was used where 160 keets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 40 birds with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure of Statistical Analysis Software (version 9.0). The results showed that dietary treatment did not (P>0.05) influence body length, body circumference, wing stretch, shank length and neck length of guinea fowl. From 3 to 16 weeks of age feed intake was significantly (P<0.0001) lower for control diet (13714.79±209.65 g) than maize (16085±209.65 g), millet (1609.63±209.65 g) and sorghum (15872±209.65 g) diets. Furthermore, FCR was significantly (P<0.0001) lower on control diet (11.33±0.37) than maize (13.91±0.37), millet (14.90±0.37) and sorghum (13.72±0.37) diets. Average weekly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) lower for birds on millet diet (82.98±2.18 g) than birds on control (93.14±2.18 g), maize (89.25±2.18 g) and sorghum (89.03±2.18 g) diets. These results suggest that cereal grains can be used in guinea fowl diets without affecting performance
'Foreign Books' in Arabic Literature: Discourses in Books, Knowledge and Ethnicity in the Writings of al-Jāḥiẓ

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Al-Jāḥiẓ is one of the ʿAbbāsid era’s most celebrated bibliophiles, and his praise of books and championing of ‘writerly culture’ in 3rd/9th-century Iraq are well documented. However, he also expressed distinctly negative appraisals of books that have hitherto received much less scholarly attention. This paper will examine the curiously paradoxical views of al-Jāḥiẓ by considering his opinions on non-Arabic books in the context of scholarly debates in his contemporary Iraq. Al-Jāḥiẓ’s conception of such books intersected debates regarding (a) the suitability of books to transmit knowledge, (b) rivalries between Arabs and non-Arabs in early ʿAbbāsid Iraq, and (c) the merits of translating scholarly writings from pre-Islamic civilisations. Al-Jāḥiẓ’s opinions on these issues led him to develop a particular conception of the ‘perfect book’ whereby he could unreservedly praise his own writings and extol ʿAbbāsid literary culture, but at the same time subordinate foreign literary cultures to the non-literate pre-Islamic Arabians. Al-Jāḥiẓ’s theories reveal that 3rd/9th-century Iraq had not yet become entirely a ‘civilisation of the book’, and that conceptions of language, ethnicity and knowledge influenced the formation of Muslim bibliophilia.
Defining Cyberbullying

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Is cyberbullying essentially the same as bullying, or is it a qualitatively different activity? The lack of a consensual, nuanced definition has limited the field’s ability to examine these issues. Evidence suggests that being a perpetrator of one is related to being a perpetrator of the other; furthermore, strong relationships can also be noted between being a victim of either type of attack. It also seems that both types of social cruelty have a psychological impact, although the effects of being cyberbullied may be worse than those of being bullied in a traditional sense (evidence here is by no means definitive). A complicating factor is that the 3 characteristics that define bullying (intent, repetition, and power imbalance) do not always translate well into digital behaviors. Qualities specific to digital environments often render cyberbullying and bullying different in circumstances, motivations, and outcomes. To make significant progress in addressing cyberbullying, certain key research questions need to be addressed. These are as follows: How can we define, distinguish between, and understand the nature of cyberbullying and other forms of digital conflict and cruelty, including online harassment and sexual harassment? Once we have a functional taxonomy of the different types of digital cruelty, what are the short- and long-term effects of exposure to or participation in these social behaviors? What are the idiosyncratic characteristics of digital communication that users can be taught? Finally, how can we apply this information to develop and evaluate effective prevention programs?
Integrated Supports for Women and Girls Experiencing Substance Use and Complex Needs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is strong research to support integrated and gender-sensitive harm reduction approaches for supporting women, girls, and gender diverse people. For individuals who are pregnant, flexible and integrated treatment approaches may be especially important. In this study, we report on an integrated program in rural Canada designed to support pregnant women, girls, and gender diverse people experiencing substance use and other complex needs. Program data (N = 393) from the 2nd Floor Women’s Recovery Centre (2nd Floor) at the Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (LCFASD) was analyzed with several aims. Study goals were to (1) describe characteristics and needs of clients, (2) identify factors associated with program completion, and (3) for a subset of clients, examine resources, wellbeing, and social and behavioral outcomes after treatment. Clients ( M age = 27.4 years, range 15-64) presented at the 2nd Floor with complex medical and mental health needs, and experiences of significant socioenvironmental adversity. However, almost two-thirds (63.4%) successfully completed the program, which was more likely for clients who had stable housing at intake and a possible or confirmed diagnosis of FASD. After treatment, clients reported high levels of wellbeing, and most were connected to health care and community resources. In the year after program completion, clients who were contacted for follow-up maintained strong connection to resources and reported notable improvements in social and behavioral functioning. Many were working or volunteering, most were in stable home environments, rates of substance use and legal involvement were substantially reduced, and many clients were actively caring for their children. This study offers important findings to inform future research, practice, and policy for supporting health and wellbeing for women, children, families, and communities.
Nuclear endpoint of Wnt signaling: Neoplastic transformation induced by transactivating lymphoid-enhancing factor 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interaction between β-catenin and LEF-1/TCF transcription factors plays a pivotal role in the Wnt-1 signaling pathway. The level of β-catenin is regulated by partner proteins, including glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein. Genetic defects in APC are responsible for a heritable predisposition to colon cancer. APC protein and GSK-3β bind β-catenin, retain it in the cytoplasm, and facilitate the proteolytic degradation of β-catenin. Abrogation of this negative regulation allows β-catenin to translocate to the nucleus and to form a transcriptional activator complex with the DNA-binding protein lymphoid-enhancing factor 1 (LEF-1). This complex is thought to be involved in tumorigenesis. Here we show that covalent linkage of LEF-1 to β-catenin and to transcriptional activation domains derived from the estrogen receptor or the herpes simplex virus protein VP16 generates transcriptional regulators that induce oncogenic transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts. The chimeras between LEF-1 and β-catenin or VP16 are constitutively active, whereas fusions of LEF-1 to the estrogen receptor are regulatable by estrogen. These experiments document the oncogenicity of transactivating LEF-1 and show that the transactivation domain normally provided by β-catenin can be replaced by heterologous activation domains. These results suggest that the transactivating function of the LEF-1/β-catenin complex is critical for tumorigenesis and that this complex transforms cells by activating specific LEF-1 target genes.
SH0992418.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
FMimic: Foundation Models are Fine-grained Action Learners from Human Videos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual imitation learning (VIL) provides an efficient and intuitive strategy for robotic systems to acquire novel skills. Recent advancements in foundation models, particularly Vision Language Models (VLMs), have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual and linguistic reasoning for VIL tasks. Despite this progress, existing approaches primarily utilize these models for learning high-level plans from human demonstrations, relying on pre-defined motion primitives for executing physical interactions, which remains a major bottleneck for robotic systems. In this work, we present FMimic, a novel paradigm that harnesses foundation models to directly learn generalizable skills at even fine-grained action levels, using only a limited number of human videos. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our FMimic delivers strong performance with a single human video, and significantly outperforms all other methods with five videos. Furthermore, our method exhibits significant improvements of over 39% and 29% in RLBench multi-task experiments and real-world manipulation tasks, respectively, and exceeds baselines by more than 34% in high-precision tasks and 47% in long-horizon tasks.