jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Similar challenges, different approaches: a review of student support systems in UK veterinary schools

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The characteristics of individuals pursuing a veterinary career, and the negative impact of undergraduate training, have been suggested as possible contributing factors to poor mental wellbeing in the profession (Bartram and Baldwin 2010). Therefore, veterinary students may be a vulnerable student population (Collins and Foote 2005, Hafen and others 2006, Sutton 2007). On-site counselling services were offered at approximately half the American veterinary schools in 2001 (Kogan and McConnell 2001). The aim of this study was to collate information on support systems in UK veterinary schools. \n \nA web-based questionnaire (Survey Monkey, Palo Alto, California, USA; freely available at www.surveymonkey.com) was electronically delivered to the Heads of Teaching at all UK Veterinary Schools in August 2011 which contained 16 closed (10 with additional free text option) and 13 open multiple choice questions. Questions included where on campus student teaching was undertaken, the distance of the school from the main campus, and the availability and types of counselling and other support services offered. \n \nResponses were received from all seven UK schools, although details of student support were received from only six schools. Veterinary teaching was undertaken at both the main university and a separate veterinary campus at four schools, exclusively at a separate veterinary campus at two schools and solely at the main university campus by one school. Two schools shared a campus with other schools/departments.
Production Dynamics and Disruption Responses in the Pork Supply Chain: A Structural Model of Hog and Pig Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Analysis of feeder and early weaned pig markets, important segments in pork production, is nearly nonexistent. We derive and estimate a structural econometric model relating demand and supply for market hogs, feeder pigs, and early weaned pigs. Estimates from the econometric model predict how disruptions are transmitted through hog and pig markets. Results indicate that hog and pig markets are most sensitive to hog processing plant utilization relative to capacity and that this sensitivity has increased compared to prior estimates. A set of counterfactual scenarios quantify the effects of shocks to hog processing capacity, wholesale pork demand, and supply response.
Simulated Wave Climate and Variability Over the North Indian Ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The wave parameters and long-term statistics of wave height are important parameters required for coastal/ offshore engineering design and analysis.The 20-year wave simulation has been carried out using MIKE-21 spectral wave model developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute.The model was forced with the wind data from ECMWF operational archive wind data from 1998 to 2017.The MIKE C-MAP bathymetry data for less than 250 m depth in the North Indian Ocean and ETOPO1 for above 250 m depth were utilized for model bathymetry.The wave measurements available at various depths in the North Indian Ocean were utilized to validate model result.Wave parameters extracted at 27 locations at an interval of 1 degree at 25 m water depth were used for showing monthly variability of significant wave height, average wave period and mean wave direction.The extreme value analysis of significant wave height was carried out using Weibull analysis for 2, 5, 20 and 50 years return period.The maximum wave height of 5.7 m near Odisha coast in 50 years return period was calculated from the extreme value analysis.
The Desert Blooms—At a Price

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This is the second in a two-part series on the economic and environmental effects of water use in the arid lands of the western US. It examines four specific areas differing in size and terrain: southwestern Arizona's Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation District, California's San Joaquin Basin, south central Arizona's Santa Cruz Basin, and Gaines County on the Great Plains. The one characteristic that binds them together (aside from an average of less than 20 inches of rainfall per year) is that, within each, human systems are exceeding the carrying capacity of their natural life-support systems. The results are increasing salinity and diminishing ground water. Federal subsidies for irrigation and development may not extend to new projects, but desertification is already a possibility for each of the areas. 130 references, 7 figures, 1 table.
In search of laws for the visual control of locomotion: Some observations.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Some observations on visual control of locomotion are presented in this paper. Warren and Yaffe (1989) in their comment on Patla, Robinson, Samways, and Armstrong, 1989b) present new data on dynamics of overground running and argue for their theory with one modification: The variable time to contact modulates global impulse rather than just vertical impulse. Further data on step length adjustments presented in the paper highlights several observations. The common theme that emerges from these studies strengthens our earlier observation on complex task-specific modulation of the locomotor pattern
Dewey and Hutchins at Chicago

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The University of Chicago's contribution to the general education movement took place over the course of a century. At the heart of the educational tradition that developed there, one finds the convergent ideas of John Dewey and Robert Maynard Hutchins. Both Dewey and Hutchins came to Chicago from the East, where virtually nothing in their early work suggested the kinds of iconoclastic positions they would come to espouse there. Dewey's educational philosophy embodied a pointedly sociological vision. One may condense Dewey's complex concerns about the links between education and modern society into two points. For one, the unparalleled growth of objectified knowledge and technical skills led to programs of training that were increasingly in danger of being split off from connection with one another and with the experience of everyday activities. For another, the expansion of society and the eruption of novel social problems created unprecedented demands for individuals educated for thinking and communicating about these problems in democratic forms.
Unchanged characteristics of Helicobacter pylori during its morphological conversion.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Helicobacter pylori strains RH 54 and NCTC 11637 were grown in brain-heart infusion broth up to 56 days, and the coccoid form was obtained during prolonged incubation. Two morphological types of coccoids were observed, one of which was electron-dense and had an intact cellular membrane and flagella, indicating that it was likely to be viable. The other coccoid form was sphaeroblast-like and weakly stained, showing features of degeneration. Catalase activity was positive for aged cultures even up to 160 days. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that most of the protein bands appeared to be similar in both the spiral and coccoid forms. In addition, Lewis blood group antigens were detected in cultures of up to 8 weeks. Furthermore, two sets of primers for the vacA and cagA genes were used in polymerase chain reaction, and these two important genes remained conserved in both the spiral and coccoid forms. The present study shows that the coccoid form of H. pylori retained many important characteristics present in the spiral form despite the morphological conversion, and thus supports the notion that some of the coccoid forms of H. pylori are likely to be viable.
Effects of surfactants on the phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effects of both anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and cationic (dodecylpyridine bromide, DPB) surfactants on the phase transition of narrowly distributed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles were investigated by laser light scattering. The addition of SDS swells the particles and increases the phase transition temperature, while DPB has a much smaller effect. This difference cannot be due to an association between the surfactant hydrophobic tail and PNIPAM because DPB and SDS have an identical hydrophobic tail. The amide groups in PNIPAM are slightly protonized in deionized water (pH ∼ 5.5). Our results contradict a previous prediction that oppositely charged surfactants will collapse a polyelectrolyte gel. After adding SDS, a two-step phase transition of the PNIPAM gel is observed. This suggests that SDS forms micelles inside the microgel with the help of the immobilized counter ions on the gel network. The SDS micelles are broken into individual SDS molecules in the first step of phase transition, while in the second step individual SDS molecules are gradually expelled. Surfactant effects on the microgel particles are compared with those of individual PNIPAM chains. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tiny contributors to severe obesity inside the gut

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

YS is recipient of grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (PID2020-119536RB-I00 and PDC2021-121659-I00), Valencian Agency of Innovation (INNVA1/2021/32) and the European Commission H2020 Programme through the EarlyCause Project (grant agreement: 848158). MO is a beneficiary of a European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action of H2020 (grant agreement: 890545).
Eheleute k. v. Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

International Law — Relation to Municipal Law — Effect of Treaties upon Individuals. Individuals — Rights and Duties Conferred by Treaty. Treaties — Operation and Enforcement of — Necessity of Municipal Legislation — Self-Executing Provisions — When Directly Affecting Private Rights of Individuals — Rights and Duties Conferred upon Individuals by Treaty.
[The value of neuroimaging (MRI and CT) in the diagnostics of headaches in children and adults--own experience].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Neuroimaging methods (MRI and CT) should not be routinely ordered in the initial diagnostics of headaches. 2. Patients suspected of neoplastic disease, vascular malformations, posttraumatic lesions or focal brain lesions must have these examinations performed. 3. The percentage of patients with headaches who require such extended diagnostics with MRI or CT is low.
Molecular Pathology of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Mice, Horses, and Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inherited disorder of humans, mice, horses, and dogs, in which affected individuals are incapable of generating antigen-specific immune responses. It occurs when lymphocyte precursors fail to differentiate into mature lymphocytes because of mutations within recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2 or within the genes encoding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). It also occurs when differentiated lymphocytes are incapable of completing signal transduction pathways because of defects in cell surface receptors for interleukins (IL). A spontaneous mutation in DNA-PKcs of BALB/c mice results in SCID, as do experimentally induced mutations in RAG1 and RAG2. SCID in horses results from a spontaneous mutation in DNA-PKcs. Two molecular mechanisms account for SCID in dogs. Jack Russell Terriers have a mutation within the DNA-PKcs gene, whereas Cardigan Welsh Corgi and Basset Hound have different defects in the gene encoding the γ chain that is common to the receptors for IL-2, −4, −7, −9, −15, and −21. The location of the mutation within target genes influences the spectrum of diseases observed in affected animals.
Hypochondrias, somatic delusion and body image

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the various clinical ways in which hypochondriac pictures become manifest in psychoanalytic practice. It offers a description that is mainly based on the clinical experience of the variations a hypochondriac picture may present; the realization that different dynamics prevail in each of them may prove useful for their technical and therapeutic handling in psychoanalytic practice. The mechanisms underlying hypochondria are predominant modes of functioning, which does not imply they never change: they may change, become altered, and alternate with others. The chapter also describes the picture of the somatic delusions. It then deals with a clinical variety of hypochondria based on autistic mechanisms. Finally it discusses ideas concerning hypochondrias whose pathology is based on a special type of conception of the body scheme. The different types of hypochondria are not static and fixed; rather they fluctuate from one to another.
HUMAN AND MARE'S MILK - PROTEIN FRACTION AND LIPID COMPOSITION

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In human population if the infants are not breast-fed, a substitute for breast milk is nee¬ded. Use of cow's milk can induce allergies during the first 3 years of life. Alternative could be mare's milk. The objectives of this review were to compare human and mare's milk protein fraction and lipid composition as well as to determine adequacy of mare's milk as substitute for breast milk. Similarities are found regarding the protein and salt content; whey protein and NPN concentrations; structure of protein micelles and lipid globules; proportion of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Taking into account determined similarities of human and mare's milk, it could be concluded that mare's milk is suitable nourishment for infants.
Body weight and linear body measurements of indigenous goat population in Awi Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted with the objective of undertaking morphological characterization of indigenous goat population. A total of 640 goats were randomly selected from three districts and body weight and linear body measurements were recorded. All the quantitative traits were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by sex, age classes and agro-ecology except ear length and tail length. The lowland goat population had significantly higher body measurements than midland and highland goat population. The overall (LSM ± SE) of matured goat body weight, heart girth, and height at withers were 29.13 ± 0.22 kg, 71.24 ± 0.20 cm, and 66.61 ± 0.18 cm, respectively. The multiple regression analysis showed that heart girth explained more variation on body weight than any other linear body measurements. Therefore, body weight can be predicted using hearth girth with the equation y = −41.6 + 0.99x for does and y = −44.3 + 1.10x for bucks.
Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function in the Spotlight: Are We Suffering a GOF Delusion?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary: Mutant p53 proteins are often highly expressed in human cancers and have been thought to have oncogenic driver gain-of-function (GOF) properties. Wang and colleagues show, surprisingly, that this is not the case because removing the TP53-mutant gene from human and mouse cancer cells using CRISPR technology has no effect on cancer cell growth in vitro or in vivo. See related article by Wang et al., p. 362 (10) .
Experimental Study on the Effects of Friction Stir Spot Welding Process Parameters on AL2024T3 Joint Strength

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, effects of process parameters of Friction Stir Spot Welding were investigated on Al2024T3 which has poor weldability. Several spot welds were performed by the FSSW process on the 2mm aluminium sheets. The effects of main process parameters such as tool Rotational Speed (RS), Normal Plunge Depth (NPD), and Dwell Time (DT) on the joint strength were investigated. By increasing the tool rotational speed, the joint strength increased, consequently. The mean failure load improved 52% when the tool rotational speed increased from 800 rpm to 1120 rpm, whereas increasing the rotational speed from 1120 to 1600 did not have significant effect on the failure load. The results showed, increasing the normal plunge depth from 1.5 to 1.75 millimetre led to an increase in the failure load of spot welds by about 1.62 times. Also, the 3 seconds dwell time showed higher failure load compared to 2 and 5 seconds dwell time.
Antioxidative Activity of Sea Buckthorn and Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice &lt;i&gt;Sulgidduk&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative properties of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.; leaf, fruit and stem) and the quality characteristics of brown rice sulgidduk prepared using a powder of sea buckthorn leaves. First, the antioxidative activities of sea buckthorn were measured to choose the most effective part of this plant. By analyzing the measured values, we concluded that the effective part of sea buckthorn was its leaves. The IC50 value of the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the ABTS radical scavenging activity in sea buckthorn leaves were 7.78 Î¼g/mL and 264.04 Î¼g/mL, respectively. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of sea buckthorn leaves were 3.80 mg/mL and .19 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the brown rice sulgidduk was prepared using a powder of sea buckthorn leaves in the weight ratio of 0%, .5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. For analyzing the quality characteristics of the prepared sulgidduk, proximate compositions, color and texture profiles were measured and a sensory evaluation was conducted. With an increase in the added content of the sea buckthorn leaf powder (SBLP), the L-value significantly decreased while the a-value and the b-value increased. In the case of texture profiles, the control group (control A) had a higher score for hardness than the case groups in which the SBLP was added. However, springiness, chewiness and adhesiveness were not significantly different among the groups. In the sensory evaluation, the sample containing 1.5% SBLP yielded the best results. Therefore, we suggest that the powder of sea buckthorn leaves is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality of sulgidduk. Keywords: antioxidative activity, sea buckthorn leaf powder, sulgidduk, quality characteristics
A SHORT REVIEW ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID19)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A pandemic is an epidemic of diseases which spread across a large number and instance multiple continents in world. In December 2019, whole world suffering from such pandemic disease called as covid19.Coronavirus disease i.e COVID-19 is caused by novel coronavirus.it is also known as SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus has resulted in the outbreak of a respiratory illness known as COVID-19. Fever, dry cough, fatigue, respiratory sputum production (phlegm), shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, headache, are signs and symptoms of covid19. Incubation period of covid19 is 5-6 days, its range 1-14 days. In this Research paper to just attempt to provided short information regarding Corona disease.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Ontology and Use Case

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

* Abstract—Ontologies play an increasingly important role in annotation, integration, and analysis of biomedical data. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Ontology and how we can use this ontology as a controlled vocabulary for supporting automatic annotation of clinical text. The automated annotation is performed using a natural language processing (NLP) tool called YTEX. In addition, we demonstrate how we can use the concepts and relationships defined in the PTSD Ontology to perform data summarization and categorization.
Reply to Comments on ‘Measuring Marine Iron(iii) Complexes by CLE-AdSV’

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental Context. The interpretation of CLE-AdSV based iron(iii) speciation data for marine waters has been called into question in light of the kinetic features of the measurement. The implications of the re-think may have consequences for understanding iron biogeochemistry and its impact on ecosystem functioning. The challenging of previously accepted results stimulated this debate on what is actually being measured by the CLE-AdSV technique.
[Autoantibodies against NMDA-receptors in the blood of patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Concentration of autoantibodies to human brain NMDA-receptor in blood serum of patients with acute brain ischemic stroke was significantly higher than in healthy persons and patients with other neurological diseases. Average content of cholesterol, lipid peroxides and glutamate in the serum were close in all patient groups investigated. It was suggested that the content of autoantibodies to human brain NMDA-receptor could be used as biochemical criteria for acute brain stroke patient's condition control and their treatment efficiency.
On a Non anticipative Filippov Theorem for Control Systems with state constraints

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An important consequence of the famous Filippoy's Theorem for a control system, states that given a fixed initial point y 0 , and a control u 0 , for any initial point y 1 , it is possible to find control u 1 such that the trajectory associated with (y 1 , u 1 ) approximates the trajectory associated with (y 0 , u 0 ) (with a suitable estimation of exponetial type). The goal of the present paper is to obtain such a result when trajectories of the controlsystem have to fullfill furthermore a given in advance state constraint. The main specificity of our results lies in the fact that u 1 is built from u 0 in a nonanticipative way i.e. at every time t, u 1 (t) depends only values of u 0 on the interval [0,t]. This nonanticipative property is crucial in particular for further applications to differential games.
Determination of the age distribution of sea ice from lagrangian observations of ice motion

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A procedure for monitoring the local age distribution of the Arctic sea ice cover is presented. The age distribution specifies the area covered by ice in different age classes. In our approach, a regular array of grid points is defined initially on the first image of a long time series, and an ice tracker finds the positions of those points in all subsequent images of the series. These Lagrangian points mark the corners of a set of cells that move and deform with the ice cover. The area of each cell changes with each new image or time step. A positive change indicates that ice in a new age class was formed in the cell. A negative change is assumed to have ridged the youngest ice in the cell, reducing its area. The ice in each cell ages as it progresses through the time series. The area of multiyear ice in each cell is computed using an ice classification algorithm. Any area that is not accounted for by the young ice or multiyear ice is assigned to a category of older first-year ice. We thus have a fine age resolution in the young end of the age distribution, and coarse resolution for older ice. The age distribution of the young ice can be converted to a thickness distribution using a simple empirical relation between accumulated freezing-degree days and ice thickness, or using a more complicated thermodynamic model. We describe a general scheme for implementing this procedure for the Arctic Ocean from fall freeze-up until the onset of melt in the spring. The concept is illustrated with a time series of five ERS-1 SAR images spanning a period of 12 days. Such a scheme could be implemented with RADARSAT SAR imagery to provide basin-wide ice age and thickness information.