jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution Matching for Dimming Control in Visible-Light Region-of-Interest Signaling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a two-level dimmer based on binary distribution matching where a low-rate signal controls the output probability distribution of a high-rate bit sequence, which can be used in region-of-interest (RoI) signaling applications. To reduce the rate loss of the dimmer, we propose the extended multiset-partition distribution matching (EMPDM) algorithm with a novel binary-tree-structure implementation. In addition, we introduce 4p-EMPDM, a compact version of EMPDM, which has a typical composition (TC) and four leading composition pairs (CPs). The codebook of 4p-EMPDM includes only run-length-aware codewords, which reduces the maximum run-length of the transmitted bit sequence by 4.27 times. Hence, it guarantees flicker mitigation for visible-light RoI signaling systems at 6 kHz without using any run-length limited code (non-RLL). Using experimental data collected from the low-rate RoI signaling prototype, we introduced a threshold range where both intensity and area information of the received training symbols can be exploited to optimize the shaping ratios of the 4p-EMPDM dimmer. Because of the non-RLL feature, the proposed system can support soft-decision forward-error-correction (FEC) decoding to improve reliability. Our system outperforms related systems based on hybrid modulation schemes in terms of spectral efficiency, bit rate, and minimum required optical clock rate.
Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study by the U.S. Geological Survey, prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, quantifies the components of the hydrologic cycle across the Commonwealth of Virginia. Long-term, mean fluxes were calculated for precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, total evapotranspiration (ET), riparian ET, recharge, base flow (or groundwater discharge) and net total outflow. Fluxes of these components were first estimated on a number of real-time-gaged watersheds across Virginia. Specific conductance was used to distinguish and separate surface runoff from base flow. Specific-conductance data were collected every 15 minutes at 75 real-time gages for approximately 18 months between March 2007 and August 2008. Precipitation was estimated for 1971–2000 using PRISM climate data. Precipitation and temperature from the PRISM data were used to develop a regression-based relation to estimate total ET. The proportion of watershed precipitation that becomes surface runoff was related to physiographic province and rock type in a runoff regression equation. Component flux estimates from the watersheds were transferred to flux estimates for counties and independent cities using the ET and runoff regression equations. Only 48 of the 75 watersheds yielded sufficient data, and data from these 48 were used in the final runoff regression equation. The base-flow proportion for the 48 watersheds averaged 72 percent using specific conductance, a value that was substantially higher than the 61 percent average calculated using a graphical-separation technique (the USGS program PART). Final results for the study are presented as component flux estimates for all counties and independent cities in Virginia.
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging of Collateral Blood Flow during Acute Ischemic Stroke

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Collateral vasculature may provide an alternative route for blood flow to reach the ischemic tissue and partially maintain oxygen and nutrient support during ischemic stroke. However, much about the dynamics of stroke-induced collateralization remains unknown. In this study, we used laser speckle contrast imaging to map dynamic changes in collateral blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. We identified extensive anastomatic connections between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries that develop after vessel occlusion and persist for 24 hours. Augmenting blood flow through these persistent yet dynamic anastomatic connections may be an important but relatively unexplored avenue in stroke therapy.
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy for Nano-particle Diameter Measurement with Weighted Nonnegative Least Squares

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To reduce the effect of noise on inversion result of grain diameter in nano-particle diameter measurement using photon correlation spectroscopy,a nano-particle diameter computing method is proposed based on photon correlation spectroscopy with nonnegative least squares.Photon correlation spectroscopy itself is as the weight to derive discrete model of inversion algorithm and avoid the influence of data fluctuation close to zero.The 90 nm,190 nm and mixed latex particles are measured by the photon correlation spectroscopy equipment and compared with the traditional nonnegative least squares.The 30 experimental data in 60 seconds indicate that in the inversion of unimodal paticle group,the results of present method is close to traditional nonnegative least squares but variance of multiple repeated measurement is smaller which proves good repeatability of present method;in the inversion of multimodal particles,the results of present method are much closer to true values of diameters,however,the results of nonnegative least squares deviate more from true values.Experimental data of different measurement time show that in a short period of time,variance of present method is smaller and it can obtain more accurate results in a shorter period of time.
Subwavelength ultrasonic imaging via a harmonic resonant tunneling metalens

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Resonant tunneling metalenses have excellent applications for subwavelength ultrasonic imaging in air. In this study, an acoustic metalens intended for underwater imaging was designed with first, second, and third resonant tunneling frequencies of 10.3, 85.3, and 105.9 kHz, respectively. The resonant tunneling metalens and letter-shaped validation specimens were fabricated via additive manufacturing using polymers. Before the underwater experiment, an array of 36 channels of lead zirconate titanate elements was installed at the bottom of a test water tank to generate ultrasonic waves. Next, the resonant tunneling metalens and one of the letter-shaped specimens were placed in the tank, and ultrasonic imaging was performed with a needle-type hydrophone. Experimental results at the third resonant tunneling frequency confirmed that subwavelength ultrasonic imaging of the letter-shaped specimen was possible at a minimum level of λ/13.98. Therefore, the proposed metalens is shown to be suitable for high-resolution ultrasound applications such as biomedical and non-destructive imaging.
A small mitochondrial double-stranded (ds) RNA element associated with a hypovirulent strain of the chestnut blight fungus and ancestrally related to yeast cytoplasmic T and W dsRNAs.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A small double-stranded (ds) RNA element was isolated from a moderately hypovirulent strain of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. from eastern New Jersey. Virulence was somewhat lower in the dsRNA-containing strain than in a virulent dsRNA-free control strain, but colony morphology and sporulation levels were comparable. A library of cDNA clones was constructed, and overlapping clones representing the entire genome were sequenced. The 2728-bp dsRNA was considerably smaller than previously characterized C. parasitica dsRNAs, which are 12-13 kb and ancestrally related to the Potyviridae family of plant viruses. Sequence analysis revealed one large open reading frame, but only if mitochondrial codon usage (UGA = Trp) was invoked. Nuclease assays of purified mitochondria confirmed that the dsRNA was localized within mitochondria. Assuming mitochondrial translation, the deduced amino acid sequence had landmarks typical of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Alignments of the conserved regions indicate that this dsRNA is more closely related to yeast T and W dsRNAs and single-stranded RNA bacteriophages such as Q beta than to other hypovirulence-associated dsRNAs.
[Deproteinization of the influenza virus by infected cells at 4 degrees C].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The process of influenza virus deproteinization was compared in two systems: chick fibroblasts infected with fowl plague virus (FPV) and MDCK cells infected with WSN virus. The cells were infected with 3H-uridine-labeled viruses. Deproteinization of virus structures was studied at 4 degrees C and after incubation of virus-infected cells at 37 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, the bulk of radioactivity of the original virus was found in the perinuclear cytoplasm (the fraction obtained by treatment of triton X-100-purified nuclei with 0.1 M citric acid) and much less radioactivity was found in the nucleus. After incubation at 37 degrees C the level of radioactivity in the nucleus increased and reached or even exceeded that in the perinuclear cytoplasm. A biophysical analysis of the structures showed the perinuclear cytoplasm to contain subviral particles (SVP) similar to nucleoids as well as RNP with a buoyant density of 1.35 g/ml in cesium chloride. The nuclear extract contained RNP with a buoyant density 1.39-1.41 m/ml. The experimental results indicate that the first stage of deproteinization of virus particles to SVP occurs at 4 degrees C. The second stage of deproteinization, to RNP with a buoyant density 1.35 g/ml, also occurs at a low temperature.
[Observation of the free calcium of lens epithelial cell using laser scanning confocal microscopy].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fluo-3 can be loaded into LEC by incubation with acetoxymethyl (AM) ester of the dye, and LSCM can be used to observe the cellular free calcium directly by surveying the fluorescence. This method will pave a way technically for the further study of intracellular free Ca++ of the LEC.
Singular Perturbation and Small-Signal Stability for Inverter Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines small-signal stability of electrical networks composed dominantly of three-phase grid-following inverters. We show that the mere existence of a high-voltage power flow solution does not necessarily imply small-signal stability; this motivates us to develop a framework for stability analysis that systematically acknowledges inverter dynamics. We identify a suitable time-scale decomposition for the inverter dynamics, and using singular perturbation theory, obtain an analytic sufficient condition to verify small-signal stability. Compared to the alternative of performing an eigenvalue analysis of the full-order network dynamics, our analytic sufficient condition reduces computational complexity and yields insights on the role of network topology and constitution as well as inverter-filter and control parameters on small-signal stability. Numerical simulations for a radial network validate the approach and illustrate the efficiency of our analytic conditions for designing and monitoring grid-tied inverter networks.
PENGARUH TANGIBLES, RELIABILITY, RESPONSIVENESS,ASSURANCE DAN EMPHATY TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH PT BANK PAPUA CABANG SURABAYA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Banking is an institution that carries out three main functions in running a financial operational system, such as receiving fund deposits (funding),channeling funds (lending) and providing financial services (service). Banks are business entities that collect funds from the public in the form of deposits and channel them to the public in the form of credit or other forms in order to improve the standard of living of the people. PT Bank Papua is a state-owned government bank whose funds are collected from the regional government and the community,
just like the banking system in general. This study aims to determine the effect of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy on customer
satisfaction of PT Bank Papua Surabaya Branch. The type of research used is a quantitative method approach. The population in this study were customers of PT Bank Papua Surabaya Branch using a sample of 125 respondents. Data processing using SPSS version 16 analysis. The results showed that tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and simphaty have a positive effect on customer
satisfaction with the regression equation as follows: Y = 0,328 + 0,186X1 + 0,356X2 + 0,029X3 + 0,344X4 + 0,498X5. The test results of the coefficient of determination (R) show that tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy contribute strongly to customer satisfaction by 0.673 (67.3%) while the remaining amount is 0.327 ( 32.7%) is influenced by other variables that cannot be explained in this study. The results of the t test shows that the significant value is emphaty (X5) (0,000 0,05) does not affect the customer satisfaction of PT Bank Papua Surabaya Branch,
meaning that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected.
A Non-Adaptationist Perspective on Evolution of Genomic Complexity or the Continued Dethroning of Man

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new, non-adaptationist theory of evolution of genomic complexity was recently proposed by Lynch and Conery. This concept holds that increase in complexity seen in eukaryotic genomes is a 'syndrome' caused by increase in genome entropy, which is inevitably triggered by reduction of population size. Here, I discuss the definitions of genomic entropy and complexity and the evidence supporting the entropic theory of genome complexity evolution, including new observations on concordant gain and loss of genes and introns in eukaryotic genomes. I further consider the far-reaching biological and philosophical implications of this theory.
Silage Quality, Aerobic Stability, Gas Production and in vitro Digestibility of Pumpkin Waste Silages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment was carried out to determine the silage quality of pumpkin waste with wheat straw (S) and alfalfa hay (A). The treatment groups as follows: 1) 100% pumpkin waste (PR), 2) 80%PR and 20% A (PW80+A20), 3) 80%PW and 20%S (PW80+S20), 4) 60%PW and 40%A (PW60+A40), 5) 60%PW and 40%S (PW60+S40), 6) 80%PW+10%A+10%S (PW80+A10+S10) and 7) 60%PW + 20%A + 20%S (PW40+A20+S20). The lowest dry matter content was observed in PW group (39.0 g/kg). The crude protein ratio in the alfalfa groups were higher than those of S and PW groups. The crude cellulose was lower and NDF higher in the PW group than those of other groups and ADF was highest in the 40%S group. Water soluble carbohydrate ratio in PW and PW60+A20+S20 groups were higher than those of other groups. In the PW group, the lactic acid ratio was higher than PW80+S10+A10 group. In the PW80+S20 group the highest gas production was observed at 48th, 72nd and 96th hours. The energy values of PW group were higher than those of other groups. The aerobic stability of pumpkin silage was improved with hay addition especially alfalfa addition in 400 g/kg concentration.
Diode laser in the surgical treatment of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia: Case report and literature review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: This article presents a case of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) treated by diode laser surgery, as well as a review of the literature about this pathology.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, complaining of a discomfort on swallowing due to a soft-tissue mass in the oral cavity that had been developing for approximately 3 years. Intraoral examination revealed multiple exophytic, pedunculated lesions with a smooth surface and pinkish in color, affecting almost the entire right cheek mucosa. The lesion turned out to be a IFH by histopatology. Surgical removal of IFH of the oral mucosa using a diode laser was performed. The lesion was removed in 3 sessions. The patient reported no local symptoms after each irradiation. The clinical appearance 10 months after the last irradiation session demonstrated complete healing and no signals of recurrence.CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that diode laser radiation contributes significantly to the advancement of oral surgery and should be considered a valuable resource for the treatment of soft-tissue lesions in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
[The role of ribosomal proteins in in vitro ribosome-membrane interactions].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The in vitro binding of total ribosomal proteins with rough endoplasmic membranes, from which 70% of ribosomes are eliminated by EDTA (ME) is studied. It is found that in conditions of specific interaction of ribosomes with membranes about 75% of total ribosomal proteins are bound with ME. Membranes, heterogenous in their content (different protein/lipid ratio), became homogenous in their buyoant density after the binding with proteins. The ability of membrane-ribosomal protein complex to bind ribosomes is not decreased, as it can be expected, but is considerablly increased, thus indicating on a non-specific character of ribosome binding. Ribosomal subunits lacking about half of structural protein are capable to bind with ribosome-binding membrane receptors and with some additional sites. This binding is also non-specific, because the binding efficiency of large and small subunits is the same.
Automated Decomposition of Build Targets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A (build) target specifies the information that is needed to automatically build a software artifact. Managing the de-pendencies between the targets of a large code base is chal-lenging. This paper focuses on underutilized targets—an im-portant dependency problem that we identified at Google. An underutilized target is one with files not needed by some of its dependents. Underutilized targets result in less mod-ular code, overly large artifacts, slow builds, and unneces-sary build and test triggers. To mitigate these problems, programmers decompose underutilized targets into smaller targets. However, manually decomposing a target is tedious and error-prone. Although we prove that finding the best target decomposition is NP-hard, we introduce a greedy algo-rithm that proposes a decomposition through iterative uni-fication of the strongly connected components of the target. Our tool found 19,994 decomposable targets in a set of 40,000 Java library targets at Google. A decomposable target is one that can be decomposed to at least two targets. Our tool found that decomposing any of the 5,129 decomposable tar-gets would save at least one build or test trigger. The eval-uation results show that our tool is (1) efficient because on average, it analyzes a target in two minutes and (2) effective because for each of 1,010 targets, it would save more than 50 % of the total execution time of the tests triggered by the target. 1.
Role of Non-coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is a relatively common clinical condition that seriously threatens the prognosis of patients; however, the exact mechanism of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been clarified. Recent studies have found that noncoding RNAs, including but not limited to lncRNA, circRNA, and miRNA, play an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. The findings cited in this paper reveal the expression, function, and mechanism of noncoding RNAs during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanistic roles of noncoding RNAs in the occurrence and development of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion are discussed, including cell proliferation, autophagy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, oxidative stress, iron death, and many other aspects. However, many unknown mechanisms of association between noncoding RNAs and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion remain to be investigated.
Brüksel I bis Tüzüğü Uyarınca Yetki Anlaşmalarının Geçerliliği

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

10 Ocak 2015 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 1215/2012 sayılı Brüksel I bis Tüzüğü, Brüksel I Tüzüğü’nde yetki anlaşmalarının etkinliğinin arttırılması amacıyla önemli değişiklikler getirmiştir. Ayrıca söz konusu değişiklikler ile Yetki Anlaşmalarına İlişkin La Haye Konvansiyonu ile Brüksel I bis Tüzüğü’nün uyumlaştırılması da amaçlanmıştır. Bu gaye ile Brüksel I bis Tüzüğü’nün uygulanabilmesi için yetki anlaşmalarının taraflarından en az birinin üye devletlerde ikâmet etme şartı kaldırılmıştır. Ayrıca yetki anlaşmasının maddi geçerliliğine seçilen üye devlet mahkemesinin ya da mahkemelerinin hukukunun, kanunlar ihtilafı kuralları da dâhil olmak üzere, uygulanacağı hükme bağlanmıştır. Çalışmamız kapsamında ise Brüksel I bis Tüzüğü kapsamında yetki anlaşmalarının geçerlilik şartların Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı kararları doğrultusunda incelenecektir.
Linking BIM to Power BI and HoloLens 2 to Support Facility Management: A Case Study Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Facility lifecycle data captured in BIM during design and construction are very valuable for effective facility operations and maintenance. Traditionally, model authoring and analysis tools have been used to search and query model information. These tools are not well designed to search and display needed data and they require a steep learning curve. In this paper, the authors propose the use of Power BI dashboards to facilitate easy access and display of lifecycle data embedded in the model. The implementation and use of dashboards for facility management are discussed using a case study. The effectiveness and usability of the dashboards are validated using a focus group of six industry experts that were first interviewed then asked to complete a questionnaire. Feedback from interviews indicated that customized dashboards are effective tools to view, analyze and draw insights on data from various sources and can improve facility operations and management. Numerical results from the PSSUQ using fourteen questions indicated positive responses overall with an average score of four or five from the majority of respondents. Finally, the authors tested integration of the Power BI dashboards with the HoloLens 2 to deliver relevant up-to-date facility lifecycle data in near real-time to field staff.
Wage Theft and Workplace Violations in Los Angeles: The Failure of Employment and Labor Law for Low-wage Workers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report focuses on the findings of a survey of 1,815 workers in Los Angeles County, conducted in conjunction with similar surveys of Chicago and New York City in 2008. Using a rigorous methodology, this research study included interviews with unauthorized immigrants and other vulnerable workers who are often missed in standard surveys. The goal was to obtain accurate and statistically representative estimates of the prevalence of workplace violations. All findings are adjusted so that they are representative of the larger population of front-line workers (that is, excluding managers and professional and technical workers) in low-wage industries in L.A. County in 2008. This population includes about 744,220 workers, or 17.0 percent of all workers in L.A. County.