jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding and responding to the cost and health impact of short-term health staffing in remote and rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled health services: a mixed methods study protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Access to high-quality primary healthcare is limited for remote residents in Australia. Increasingly, remote health services are reliant on short-term or ‘fly-in, fly-out/drive-in, drive-out’ health workforce to deliver primary healthcare. A key strategy to achieving health service access equity, particularly evident in remote Australia, has been the development of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs). This study aims to generate new knowledge about (1) the impact of short-term staffing in remote and rural ACCHSs on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; (2) the potential mitigating effect of community control; and (3) effective, context-specific evidence-based retention strategies. Methods and analysis This paper describes a 3-year, mixed methods study involving 12 ACCHSs across three states. The methods are situated within an evidence-based programme logic framework for rural and remote primary healthcare services. Quantitative data will be used to describe staffing stability and turnover, with multiple regression analyses to determine associations between independent variables (population size, geographical remoteness, resident staff turnover and socioeconomic status) and dependent variables related to patient care, service cost, quality and effectiveness. Qualitative assessment will include interviews and focus groups with clinical staff, clinic users, regionally-based retrieval staff and representatives of jurisdictional peak bodies for the ACCHS sector, to understand the impact of short-term staff on quality and continuity of patient care, as well as satisfaction and acceptability of services. Ethics and dissemination The study has ethics approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research (project number DR03171), Central Australian Human Research Ethics Committee (CA-19-3493), Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (WAAHEC-938) and Far North Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/2019/QCH/56393). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, the project steering committee and community/stakeholder engagement activities to be determined by each ACCHS.
Long-Working-Distance Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirrors for Hard X-ray Beamlines at SPring-8

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We designed and installed two types of long‐working‐distance Kirkpatrick‐Baez (KB) mirrors and mirror manipulators, which were customized into each experiment for hard x‐ray undulator beamlines at SPring‐8. For the BL32XU RIKEN Targeted Proteins beamline, 400‐mm‐long KB focusing mirrors for a beam size of 1 μm with a 730‐mm‐long working distance were designed for carrying out the structural analysis of protein microcrystals. We realized a focusing beam size of 0.9×0.9 μm2 (FWHM) and a focusing intensity of 6×1010 (photons/s) at an x‐ray energy of 12.4 keV. For the BL19LXU RIKEN SR Physics beamline, we developed KB mirrors for 100‐nm focusing with a 100‐mm‐working distance for the purpose of nano‐focus x‐ray diffraction. A focusing beam size of 100×100 nm2 (FWHM) and a high focusing intensity of 3.7×1010 (photons/s) at an x‐ray energy of 12.4 keV were realized.
The role of itaconate in host defense and inflammation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming supports phagocytic function, cytokine release, and ROS production that are critical to protective inflammatory responses. The Krebs cycle is a central metabolic pathway within all mammalian cell types. In activated macrophages, distinct breaks in the Krebs cycle regulate macrophage effector function through the accumulation of several metabolites that were recently shown to have signaling roles in immunity. One metabolite that accumulates in macrophages because of the disturbance in the Krebs cycle is itaconate, which is derived from cis-aconitate by the enzyme cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), encoded by immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1). This Review focuses on itaconate's emergence as a key immunometabolite with diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. These roles include inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (which controls levels of succinate, a metabolite with multiple roles in inflammation), inhibition of glycolysis at multiple levels (which will limit inflammation), activation of the antiinflammatory transcription factors Nrf2 and ATF3, and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Itaconate and its derivatives have antiinflammatory effects in preclinical models of sepsis, viral infections, psoriasis, gout, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pulmonary fibrosis, pointing to possible itaconate-based therapeutics for a range of inflammatory diseases. This intriguing metabolite continues to yield fascinating insights into the role of metabolic reprogramming in host defense and inflammation.
Menu Engineering for Continuing Care Senior Living Facilities with Captive Dining Patrons

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Continuing care facilities are a rapidly growing segment of senior living communities providing end-to-end solutions comprising independent living, assisted living, nursing home care, and ultimately hospice. All these establishments contain (in addition to other facilities associated with living, exercising, learning, activities, etc.) dining services managed by an interdisciplinary (finance, nutrition, dietitian, kitchen operations, hospitality, and procurement) team of executives, each with their own objective while cognizant of the overarching organizational, operational, and financial metrics. The residents of these facilities consume most of their meals at these dining facilities, necessitating that the food served meets the complete nutrition, dietary, cost, and operational requirements. Thus, the menu (often rotating every few weeks) of food items must be carefully chosen to be efficiently procured, processed, and served, all the while meeting the nutritional, dietary, and patron satisfaction constraints each put forth by the corresponding stakeholder. We address this complex, unwieldy, and large multiobjective optimization problem using mixed integer linear programming. We demonstrate how menu planners and chefs can analyze their decisions regarding menu structures and evaluate alternative menu interventions to improve menus’ nutritional value while ensuring their residents’ autonomy in making food choice decisions. Along the way, we interviewed various stakeholders, identified their objectives and constraints, gathered the necessary data, formulated and solved the resulting optimization problems, and produced demonstrably effective menus. History: This paper was refereed. This paper was accepted for the Special Issue of INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics—Decision Analysis.
The Determinant of Indonesian Cocoa Export Growth to the Main Export Destination Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Indonesia remains the sixth largest cocoa producer globally, with exports predominantly comprising cocoa beans (60%). As global cocoa demand and consumption increase, it is imperative that leading cocoa-producing countries, including Indonesia, capitalize on this trend. To facilitate informed future decisions, Indonesia must identify the key drivers of growth for its cocoa bean exports. This study analyses the factors influencing the growth of Indonesia's cocoa bean exports to five key export destinations, namely Malaysia, America, India, China, and the Netherlands, using panel data analysis. The study found that the growth of Indonesia's cocoa bean exports was significantly impacted by four variables, namely the export volume of cocoa beans, Indonesia's GDP, economic distance, and the population of export destination countries. On the other hand, the variables such as GDP of export destination countries, production, productivity, exchange rates, prices of world cocoa beans, harvested area, and domestic cocoa bean prices did not demonstrate any noteworthy impact on the exports. The development of sustainable cocoa bean exports holds great potential. If the Indonesian government wishes to improve cocoa bean production centers, a collaborative strategy is necessary, particularly among stakeholders to support the development of sustainable cocoa bean exports.
CLIL teachers’ reflections and attitudes: surviving at the deep end

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study is a mixed methods approach that explores subject teachers' views on teaching sciences in English in a context where English is a foreign language, as well as how different teaching philosophies and school atmosphere may influence their work in bilingual science classes. The study was conducted with high school teachers from two schools in Niš, Serbia, that have been involved in a nation-wide project of teaching science subjects in English, within a framework that is conceptualized as CLIL. The data gathered from questionnaires, a focus-group interview, and informal interviews and observations with the subject teachers show that there are several challenges that teachers meet: regarding the legal requirements, organization of CLIL instruction, teachers' language proficiency, material usage and development, and teacher development and support.
Emotion Detection in Baby Cries Using Machine Learning with Lullaby Recommendations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The interpretation of baby cries is a vital yet challenging task in caregiving. Babies express their needs—hunger, sleepiness, discomfort, or happiness—through crying, but decoding these emotional cues is subjective and prone to error. This paper introduces a machine learning-based system to analyze baby cries, classify their emotional states, and recommend emotion-specific lullabies to caregivers. Utilizing audio feature extraction techniques like spectral centroid, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), and RMS intensity, coupled with a Random Forest Classifier, the system achieves remarkable accuracy and robustness. Deployed via a Django-based web application, the system ensures accessibility and real-time responsiveness, making it suitable for diverse caregiving contexts. Extensive evaluation in both controlled and noisy environments confirms the system's effectiveness. By bridging traditional caregiving practices with cutting-edge technology, this research offers a novel tool for enhancing infant care while preserving the cultural richness of lullabies.
Research on GNSS Spoofing Mitigation Technology Based on Spoofing Correlation Peak Cancellation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, we propose a Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing suppression method based on spoofing correlation peak cancellation (SCPC). The approach estimates the spoofing signal from the baseband sampling sequence, and generates a reverse cancellation sequence to suppress GNSS spoofing attack. Based on this, a receiver scheme with SCPC function is proposed by adding a suppression module to the general GNSS receiver model. The experimental verification is conducted based on the TEXBAT dataset. By comparing the correlation peaks, carrier-to-noise ratio and peak trajectories of spoofed, mitigated and non-spoofed clean data, the results demonstrate that SCPC can correct the spoofing mixed navigation signals and effectively suppress spoofing attack.
Including ‘Whom’? Including ‘in Where’? Foreign Language Teaching as Deboxing System

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Words are one of the means through which we communicate. \nIf we try to live in a civil society and respect people who have different values than ours, dialogue is essential. This is why the teaching of foreign languages has become increasingly vital in both pedagogical and ‘intercultural’ terms. This applies not only in a global perspective, but also in a local or national one. Unfortunately, we live in a historical period when non-violent interaction with those near to us who seem/are told different from us seems to having become difficult. \nDialogue cannot be built only on a technical or theoretical knowledge of foreign words, sounds or grammars. Rather, it presupposes the formation of a personality able to exert at the same time emotional participation and critical awareness which is built on "knowing ourselves": “we” as a product of the historical and personal processes that left on ourselves an infinite number of traces, accepted without the benefit of inventory (Gramsci). Foreign Language Teachers can contribute through the teaching and learning of the Japanese language, to the growth of more conscious, empathic and therefore dialogic relations between ourselves and others, for the purpose of a citizenship global and peaceful, because “inclusive”. Through re-positioning our Foreign Language Teaching perspectives (e.g. questioning how we ‘read/select’ teaching materials and examinations, how we ‘see’ FL learners, how we ‘perceive’ our and others multi-layers individualities) we might become able to creatively “find oneself within the cultural lives of others” (Holliday 2017), beyond any artificial/political construction of simplistic border-lines that would otherwise reduce our complex contemporary society to an un-real monolithic one, denying and hiding reality itself, and the very aim of pedagogy.
Arkansas experience: between the government & the private sector.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Officials in many communities, states and regions are trying to establish networks to electronically exchange administrative and clinical data. Today, however, few examples of truly operational healthcare information networks (HINs) exist. Because of governance, control and cost, efforts toward integrating clinical information have not progressed. These issues are most apparent in the struggle to establish community health information networks (CHINs).
CRIMINAL LAW POLICY IN COMBATING NARCOTICS DISTRIBUTION IN THE JURISDICTION OF PADANG SIDEMPUAN POLICE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rampant circulation of narcotics in Padangsidempuan City has become a concern for the government, the community and law enforcement officers. Law enforcement institutions such as the Padangsidempuan Police are not not carrying out their functions, it's just that the law enforcement that is carried out does not have an impact or cause a deterrent effect for perpetrators of narcotics trafficking. This is something that causes a paradox in law enforcement. Although law enforcement officers have carried out their functions, and there are legal regulations governing narcotics crimes, this has not been maximized in law enforcement. This study aims to examine the appropriate criminal law policy in overcoming narcotics trafficking crimes in Padangsidempuan City, obstacles to overcoming narcotics trafficking faced by the Padangsidempuan Police and the role of the community in overcoming narcotics trafficking crimes in Padangsidempuan City.The research method used is normative juridical, with secondary data sources. The research approach is a legislative approach, a conceptual approach and a sociological approach. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively.The first research result is that the implementation of the drug trafficking prevention policy carried out by the Padangsidempuan Police is with a non-penal approach and a penal approach. The non-penal approach is carried out by conducting counseling and socialization of the dangers of narcotics in the community and the Padangsidempuan Police have established a clean drug village post. The penal policy carried out by the Padangsidempuan Police is by enforcing Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Second, the obstacles for the Padangsidempuan Police in enforcing the law against drug trafficking consist of internal and external obstacles. Third, that the role of the community in overcoming drug trafficking is very large considering that the position of the community is an important part in law enforcement. The existence of community participation in law enforcement provides a positive contribution with the aim that the community is aware and cares about their environment to be free from the dangers of narcotics. Through anti-narcotics social movements, counseling on the dangers of drugs, and community concern for the illicit trafficking of narcotics by providing information to law enforcement officers.
Wnt signaling mediates new nephron formation during zebrafish kidney regeneration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Zebrafish kidneys use resident kidney stem cells to replace damaged tubules with new nephrons: the filtration units of the kidney. What stimulates kidney progenitor cells to form new nephrons is not known. Here, we show that wnt9a and wnt9b are induced in the injured kidney at sites where frizzled9b- and lef1-expressing progenitor cells form new nephrons. New nephron aggregates are patterned by Wnt signaling, with high canonical Wnt-signaling cells forming a single cell thick rosette that demarcates: domains of cell proliferation in the elongating nephron; and tubule fusion where the new nephron plumbs into the distal tubule and establishes blood filtrate drainage. Pharmacological blockade of canonical Wnt signaling inhibited new nephron formation after injury by inhibiting cell proliferation, and resulted in loss of polarized rosette structures in the aggregates. Mutation in frizzled9b reduced total kidney nephron number, caused defects in tubule morphology and reduced regeneration of new nephrons after injury. Our results demonstrate an essential role for Wnt/frizzled signaling in adult zebrafish kidney development and regeneration, highlighting conserved mechanisms underlying both mammalian kidney development and kidney stem cell-directed neonephrogenesis in zebrafish.
Peak Expiratory Flow Rates in Children Under 5 Years of Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An initial trial on children between 2 years 4 months and 4 years 9 months showed that good reproducible results for peak expiratory flow rates could be obtained from children over the age of 3 years using the low-range Wright Peak Flow Meter. Results on 92 normal children between the age of 3 and 5 years are reported.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a hyaluronan scaffold for treatment of an osteochondral defect in a rabbit model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a hyaluronan scaffold for repair of an osteochondral defect in rabbit knee. Bone marrow was harvested from the posterior iliac crest in 11 New Zealand White rabbits. MSC were isolated and cultured in autologous serum for 28 days and transferred to a hyaluronan scaffold 24 h prior to implantation. A 4 mm diameter and 1.5 mm deep defect was created in the medial femoral condyle of both knees and the scaffold with MSC was implanted in one knee while an empty scaffold was implanted in the contra‐lateral knee. After 24 weeks the rabbits were killed and histological sections were subjected to semiquantitative and quantitative evaluation by observers blinded regarding treatment modality. High degree of filling was obtained, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments. However, there was a tendency for a better quality of repair in the MSC treated knees. No hypertrophy was observed by either method. MSC in a hyaluronan scaffold may be a promising treatment approach, but further studies are needed to determine the best combination of scaffold and cells.
Clinical Study of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection(ESD) for 333 Cases of Early Gastric Cancer and Previous Cancer Lesion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: To research the cases of early gastric cancer and previous cancer lesion during endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) so that it could guide the clinical application. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 333 patients undergoing ESD in our digestive endoscopy center between November 2006 and February 2013. The effect, survival rate, and recurrence rate was observed. Results: All 368 cases of 333 patients were removed successfully and there were no post-operative deaths. In all lesions, the cases of en-block resection,complete resection, postoperative residual, postoperative relapse, and postoperative recurrence was 338, 333, 23, 5, and 49, respectively. The incidence of en-bloc resection, complete resection, survival rate, postoperative residual, post-operative relapse, and postoperative recurrence was 91.85%, 93.75%, 100%, 6.25%, 1.36%, and 13.32%, respectively. Conclusion: The effect of ESD for early gastric cancer and previous cancer lesion was remarkable; study on a long-term follow-up are still awaited to confirm the final incidence of survival rate and postoperative relapse.
Empirical examination of the interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective A cognitive interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa (AN) was first proposed in 2006 and updated in 2013 (Schmidt and Treasure, J Br J Clin Psychol, 45, 343‐366, 2006; Treasure and Schmidt, J Eat Disorders, in press.). The aim of this study was to test the interpersonal component of this model in people with AN requiring intensive hospital treatment (inpatient/daypatient). Method On admission to hospital women with AN or eating disorder not otherwise specified (AN subtype; n = 152; P) and their primary carers ( n = 152; C) completed questionnaires on eating symptoms (P), depression and anxiety (P, C), accommodation and enabling (C), and psychological control (C). Structural equation modeling was used to examine relationships among these components. Results Carers' expressed emotion and level of psychological control were significantly related to carers' distress, which in turn, was related to patients' distress. This pathway significantly predicted eating symptoms in patients. Discussion The cognitive interpersonal maintenance model of eating disorders (EDs) was confirmed in part and suggests that interventions targeting interpersonal maintaining factors such as carer distress might impact on patient outcomes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:867–874)
AE and EA versions of X -robustness for interval circulant matrices in max–min algebra

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Max–min algebra is defined as a linearly ordered set with two binary operations. Classical addition and multiplication are replaced by maximum and minimum, respectively. A square matrix is called robust, if all its orbits converge to an eigenvector. In practice, matrix inputs and start vector inputs are rather contained in some intervals than exact values. Considering matrices and vectors with interval coefficients is therefore of great practical importance.In this paper, we study a special type of the robustness called the X-robustness, the case when a starting vector is limited by a lower bound vector x_ and an upper bound vector x¯. If we consider some components of the interval starting vector with the existential quantifier and others with the general quantifier, two new types of X-robustness arise, called XEA-robustness and XAE-robustness. Using a similar quantification of interval matrix elements, we obtain AE/EA-XEA-robustness and AE/EA-XAE-robustness.A complete characterization of AE/EA-XAE-robustness and AE/EA-XEA-robustness for a special type of interval matrices, so-called interval circulant matrices, is presented.