jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Iktiofauna Sungai Sangkir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau (Ichthyofauna of Sangkir River, Rokan Hulu District Riau Province)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted in Sangkir river branch of Rokan Kiri river Sangkir village, Rokan Hulu district, Riau Province from May of July 2016. The aim of this study was to inventory the fish species in Sangkir river branch of Rokan Kiri River with direct observation (survey). Five sampling locations were determined purposely based on the environmental condition that could be represented by the river condition. A total of 288 individuals of fish belonging to 3 orders, 7 families, 13 genera and 16 species were recorded in this study, namely Barbodes balleroides, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbichthys leavis, Channa striata, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Labiobarbus fasciatus, Mystus nigriceps, Ompok eugeneiatus, Osteochilus hasseltii, Osteochilus mycrocephalus, Pangio semicincta, Pristolepis grooti, Thynnichthys polylepis, Trichogaster leerii, Trichogaster trichopterus and Trichopsis vittata. Cyprinidae was the most abundance fish in this study.Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di sungai Sangkir, anak sungai Rokan Kiri, desa Sangkir, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, Provinsi Riau pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis ikan di sungai Sangkir anak Sungai Rokan Kiri dengan metode pengamatan langsung (survei) dengan penetapan stasiun pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Penetapan stasiun berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan yang terdiri dari 5 stasiun penelitian. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 288 individu ikan yang terdiri dari 3 ordo, 7 famili 13 genus dan 16 spesies. Spesies yang didapatkan yaitu Barbodes balleroides, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbichthys leavis, Channa striata, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Labiobarbus fasciatus, Mystus nigriceps, Ompok eugeneiatus, Osteochilus hasseltii, Osteochilus mycrocephalus, Pangio semicincta, Pristolepis grooti, Thynnichthys polylepis Trichogaster leerii, Trichogaster trichopterus dan Trichopsis vittata. Cyprinidae merupakan kelompok ikan yang paling banyak dalam penelitian ini.
In-Band Coding for Power Reduction in Multiple-Subcarrier Modulated Wireless Optical Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work we apply techniques for power reduction in electrical multiple-subcarrier modulated (MSM) systems to wireless optical systems. The signal set is expanded by adding a zero amplitude constellation point to each frequency channel. A peak and average optical power gain are realized by coding over these increased degrees of freedom. We develop search techniques to find good mappings between transmitted symbols and trellis edges both at low and high bandwidth efficiencies. With a symbol-by-symbol bias, an average optical power reduction of 0.9 dB over uncoded systems is achieved with a simultaneous peak power reduction of 0.4 dB at the same bandwidth efficiency
Expression of GFAP splice variants in the rodent central nervous system

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Astrocytes can be identified in the brain by the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP is expressed in the core or cytoskeleton of the astrocyte and its function is to provide stability to the cell processes. The expression of GFAP is altered in many diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury. Novel isoforms of GFAP (GFAPe and GFAPκ) have recently been identified and may play an important role in development or disease. GFAPe and GFAPκ differ from GFAPα in the C’ terminal region of the protein and have been associated with destabilising the formation of GFAP polymers. Methods: We have generated polyclonal antibodies against GFAPα, GFAPe and GFAPκ and examined the expression of GFAP splice variants using western blotting and immunohistochemistry in CNS tissues from rats, mice and guinea pigs (N=9). Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed that GFAP splice variants co-localized with regular GFAP, detected using a commercial polyclonal antibody from DakoCytomation. GFAPα, GFAPe and GFAPκ were detectable by western blotting in the majority of tissues examined (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord and retina). Western blotting revealed slightly different expression profiles of the splice variants, with GFAPκ weakly expressed in the retinas of rats, mice and guinea pigs and GFAPe strongly expressed in guinea pig retina.Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate the protein expression of GFAP splice variants. Future studies will examine what role these splice variants might play in development and disease.
Development of a Scale for Evaluation of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Resistance Level in Tomato Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have developed a scale of differential hosts that enables the determination and comparison of level of resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) expressed by resistant tomato lines or by individual plants in a segregating population. The scale is composed of seven different homozygous tomato genotypes that exhibit different levels of TYLCV resistance, ranging from fully susceptible to highly resistant. The differential hosts composing the scale were inoculated with TYLCV under greenhouse conditions. Four weeks after inoculation the plants were evaluated for disease symptom severity, and virus DNA titer was determined. The different genotypes were arranged in the scale according to symptom severity score. The different genotypes were then tested under different environmental conditions, inoculated at different ages, and tested in a field experiment assaying TYLCV-induced yield reduction. While the symptom severity score of each individual resistant genotype changed under different environmental conditions, the relative position on the scale did not alter, except for one genotype. Thus, to evaluate disease resistance of a given tomato genotype, the genotype in question should be inoculated alongside the differential hosts composing the scale, and within 4 weeks one can determine the relative level of resistance of the tested genotype.
An efficient method for design of lattice core sandwich structures with superior buckling strength under compression

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Buckling failure is a major concern in lightweight lattice core sandwich structures (LCSSs). This study proposes an efficient method for designing LCSSs with superior buckling strength under uniaxial compression. In this approach, the buckling-resistant non-uniform shapes of single struts with different slenderness and inclination are first identified, and then they are directly used to replace uniform struts in LCSSs. This method can save considerable design time compared to conventional methods, which require conducting optimizations on entire LCSSs. Numerical results demonstrate that four designed representative non-uniform LCSSs can gain over 15% improvement in buckling strength compared to their counterpart uniform LCSSs. This improvement is even comparable to the solutions from optimizations on entire LCSSs. Two LCSSs with non-uniform struts are 3D printed, and the test results validate at least 10% improvement in compressive strength. Based on the proposed method, various LCSSs with superior buckling strength could be designed for different loadings.
The Theological “Magna Charta” of Confessional Lutheranism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The breakup of Western Christendom in the sixteenth century gained momentum when an academic theologian called into question the theology of the church in his day. Martin Luther wanted to discuss theology when he posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1517. In the ensuing years, Luther and the “Lutherans” were forced to forge their theology in the heat of an intensely polemical and conflict-ridden environment. They responded to the theological issues raised by their opponents, as well as to the real pastoral concerns of the emerging evangelical church in Protestant lands.
Genealogists as a "Community of Records"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Owning Memory: How a Caribbean Community Lost Its Archives and Found Its History1 presents the concept of a of as it applies to native Virgin Islanders. A of refers both to how records are (re-)created or reused within a community as well as its contextualization of records (through memory and narrative construction). This paper examines whether this intellectual construct and lens can be applied to other social groups and their relationships to records. Specifically, this article explores the connections between genealogists and records—how genealogists reuse, combine, interpret, and disseminate records to create a coherent narrative of their families' lives that gives added meaning to their own lives.
LiDAR Ranging System Based on Automatic Gain Control and Timing Discriminators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A LiDAR ranging system has been developed based on automatic gain control and timing discriminators in this paper. Timing discriminators in the time-pickoff circuit, which employ constant fraction discriminator, were designed to reduce the walk error caused by the variation of pulse amplitude. Automatic gain control was used to concentrate the input pulse amplitude of timing discriminator in a limited range, which can meet the demand of timing discriminators and reduce the timing jitter error of timing discriminators. The time-pickoff circuit using automatic gain control (AGC) and the timing discriminators can improve the precision of LiDAR ranging system. The performance of the designed circuits of AGC and timing discriminators has been tested through simulations and experiments. The results of experiments showed that the timing discriminators were able to effectively improve the precision even if the detected distance changes.
Correlation of Protein Homeostasis With Maximum Lifespans in Endothermic Vertebrates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cellular stress resistance has been shown to be highly correlated with longevity. \nHowever, the mechanisms conferring this stress resistance have yet to be identified. \nMaintenance of protein homeostasis is a critical component of cellular maintenance and \nstress resistance. Superior protein homeostasis capacities may thus underlie the greater \nstress resistance observed in longer-lived animals; however, little vertebrate data have \nbeen provided supporting this idea. I used two different experimental approaches to test \nthe associations of protein homeostasis capacities with stress resistance and lifespan: 1) a \ncomparison between a large set of vertebrate species with varying body masses and \nlifespans and 2) a comparison of long-lived Snell dwarf mice and their normal littermates. Protein homeostasis mechanisms including protein degradation activity, protein repair activity and molecular chaperone levels were examined. These measurements were performed in liver, heart and brain tissues, and isolated myoblasts. My results indicated that neither protein degradation nor protein repair were upregulated in association with enhanced stress resistance and longevity in an inter-species and intraspecies context. Furthermore, my results did show that there is a positive correlation between molecular chaperone levels and maximum lifespan (MLSP). However, there was no elevation of chaperone levels in the long-lived Snell dwarf mouse, indicating there are other mechanisms linked to their increased lifespan. Therefore, these results suggest that molecular chaperones are involved in increasing animal lifespan in an interspecies context.
The Effects of Mandatory Country-of-Origin Labeling on Canadian/U.S. Live Hog and Feeder Pig Trade

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The final implementation of Mandatory Country-of-Origin Labeling has caused some U.S. packing plants and finishing operations to discontinue using Canadian live hogs and feeder pigs in their operations thereby reducing trade. Using a system of simultaneous equations representing U.S. import demand and U.S. price, this thesis estimates the reduction in trade and any possible price effects in both live hogs and feeder pigs associated with the implementation of the final rule of Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling in the United States. \n\tIt was found that the implementation of Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling reduced the trade of live hogs between the United States and Canada by 37.8 percent. The reduction in feeder pigs was 24.1 percent. It was also found that the implementation of Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling had no effect on the price of both live hogs and feeder pigs in the U.S. market.
Can Biomarkers Advance HIV Research and Care in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite achieving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA suppression below levels of detection and, for most, improved CD4+ T-cell counts, those aging with HIV experience excess low-level inflammation, hypercoagulability, and immune dysfunction (chronic inflammation), compared with demographically and behaviorally similar uninfected individuals. A host of biomarkers that are linked to chronic inflammation are also associated with HIV-associated non-AIDS-defining events, including cardiovascular disease, many forms of cancer, liver disease, renal disease, neurocognitive decline, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, chronic HIV infection may interact with long-term treatment toxicity and weight gain after ART initiation. These observations suggest that future biomarker-guided discovery and treatment may require attention to multiple biomarkers and, possibly, weighted indices. We are clinical trialists, epidemiologists, pragmatic trialists, and translational scientists. Together, we offer an operational definition of a biomarker and consider how biomarkers might facilitate progress along the translational pathway from therapeutic discovery to intervention trials and clinical management among people aging with or without HIV infection.
An Action Research on Blended Learning Model Applied to the Course Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of higher education, blended learning has been extensively applied in course teaching. This paper employed an action research design, aimed at addressing the practical challenge of how to effectively integrate blended learning into the course teaching to cater to diverse learning preferences, ensure access to a wide range of learning materials, and cultivate practical skills relevant to future roles as professional preschool teachers. This action research involved 62 college students as participants, and conducted two surveys and one focus group interview for data collection. Based on the students' feedback and the researchers' self-reflection, the blended teaching model was modified in order to maximize its benefits for the learners. The modified course teaching model is comprised of before-class stage, in-class stage and after-class stage. Teachers and students shoulder different responsibilities in teaching and learning on each stage, but keep close collaboration during the entire process. Technical support is the key to realization of effective blended learning of this course. Implications and recommendations for future research were also discussed based on the results of this action research.
From Sex Tourist to Son-in-Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Farang (foreign, Caucasian) men have played a significant role in Thai society for several decades as sex tourists and, more recently, as farang sons-in-law, men who marry Thai wives and often settle down in rural Thai villages. While both of these phenomena have received considerable attention, in neither case have the experiences and motivations of the farang men involved been adequately examined. Based on fieldwork in Bangkok and the northeast region of Isan, we examine the relationship between emergent masculinities of sex tourist and son-in-law at a societal level and the transient subjectivities of men who experience them. Anthropological theory regularly conflates subjectivities and the cultural and social formations, particularly "identities," that shape them. On the basis of our analysis, we argue that a distinction between the two is needed in order to adequately theorize changing masculinities. The ways in which men's subjective experiences of masculinity change are different from the ways in which culturally shared, socially constructed, and politically-economically facilitated masculine identities emerge. We caution that evidence of the former—transient subjectivity at an individual level—is not evidence of the latter—changing or emergent masculine identities at a societal level.
RirA, an iron-responsive regulator in the symbiotic bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum The GenBank accession number for the RirA sequence is CAC35510.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in a Rhizobium leguminosarum gene, rirA (rhizobial iron regulator), caused high-level, constitutive expression of at least eight operons whose transcription is normally Fe-responsive and whose products are involved in the synthesis or uptake of siderophores, or in the uptake of haem or of other iron sources. Close homologues of RirA exist in other rhizobia and in the pathogen Brucella; many other bacteria have deduced proteins with more limited sequence similarity. None of these homologues had been implicated in Fe-mediated gene regulation. Transcription of rirA itself is about twofold higher in cells grown in Fe-replete than in Fe-deficient growth media. Mutations in rirA reduced growth rates in Fe-replete and -depleted medium, but did not appear to affect symbiotic N(2) fixation.
Trends in the production of Rabi pulses in the raigarh district of Chhattisgarh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted on trends in the production of Rabi pulses in the Raigarh District of Chhattisgarh. The study mainly covers the major pulses grown in the Raigarh district during Rabi season namely Moong, Urd, and Lathyrus. Data for the present study was collected from the Chhattisgarh Revenue Department and the Agri portal of the Chhattisgarh website. The average Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of area, production, and productivity of Moong in Chhattisgarh are -3.27%, -1.30%, and 2.01, respectively. In the Raigarh district, the CAGR of area, production, and productivity of moon is -4.28%, 0.09%, and 4.33% respectively. The urd CAGR of area, production, and productivity in Chhattisgarh are -5.86%, -4.17%, and 1.82%, respectively, and in terms of Raigarh district, the CAGR of area, production, and productivity of urd is -2.69, -5.10%, and 10.96% respectively. The estimated further CAGR of area, production, and productivity of lathyrus in Chhattisgarh is -3.53%, -2.25%, and 1.01%, respectively, and the CAGR of area, production, and productivity of lathyrus is -8.29%, -8.12%, and 0.60%, respectively in Raigarh district.
Organizational coevolutionary classifiers with fuzzy logic used in intrusion detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intrusion detection is an important technique in the defense-in-depth network security framework and a hot topic in computer security in recent years. To solve the intrusion detection question, we introduce the fuzzy logic into Organization CoEvolutionary algorithm [1] and present the algorithm of Organization CoEvolutionary Classification with Fuzzy Logic. In this paper, we give an intrusion detection models based on Organization CoEvolutionary Classification with Fuzzy Logic. After illustrating our model with a representative dataset and applying it to the real-world network datasets KDD Cup 1999. The experimental result shown that the intrusion detection based on Organizational Coevolutionary Classifiers with Fuzzy Logic can give higher recognition accuracy than the general method.
Depressor and Pressor Activity of Extracts from the Aortic Wall of Cattle.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary The depressor and pressor activity of extracts from the aortic walls of cattle have been investigated, using the extraction method described by Euler. The depressor action seems to a great extent to be due to the presence of histamine in the extracts. The pressor action of the extracts is due to some substance which in most cases mimics the action of nor‐adrenaline but in some cases is more like adrenaline. This difference in the action of the extracts is not due to the presence of different pressor substances but to the presence of contaminating histamine. Traces of histamine, though masked in its action on the blood pressure by the pressor substance, may cause a liberation of adrenaline in the test‐animal itself. The expenses of this investigation were defrayed by a grant from the Therese and John Andersson Memorial Foundation.
Synthesis of cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐aminopiperidine Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A facile approach for the preparation of cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐aminopiperidine derivatives is described. The synthesis was carried out via regioselective ring opening of N‐benzyl‐3‐methyl‐3,4‐epoxi‐piperidine (8), which can be easily obtained in two steps from the corresponding N‐benzyl‐pyridinium salt (5). Seven new cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐amino and amido piperidines compounds were obtained.
The amino acid metabolite homocysteine activates mTORC1 to inhibit autophagy and form abnormal proteins in human neurons and mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms leading to and responsible for age‐related, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain largely unknown. It is well documented that aging patients with elevated levels of the amino acid metabolite homocysteine (Hcy) are at high risk of developing AD. We investigated the impact of Hcy on molecular clearance pathways in mammalian cells, including in vitro cultured induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived forebrain neurons and in vivo neurons in mouse brains. Exposure to Hcy resulted in up‐regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, one of the major kinases in cells that is tightly linked to anabolic and catabolic pathways. Hcy is sensed by a constitutive protein complex composed of leucyl‐tRNA‐synthetase and folliculin, which regulates mTOR tethering to lysosomal membranes. In hyperhomocysteinemic human cells and cystathionine β‐synthase‐deficient mouse brains, we find an acute and chronic inhibition of the molecular clearance of protein products resulting in a buildup of abnormal proteins, including β‐amyloid and phospho‐Tau. Formation of these protein aggregates leads to AD‐like neurodegeneration. This pathology can be prevented by inhibition of mTORC1 or by induction of autophagy. We conclude that an increase of intracellular Hcy levels predisposes neurons to develop abnormal protein aggregates, which are hallmarks of AD and its associated onset and pathophysiology with age.—Khayati, K., Antikainen, H., Bonder, E. M., Weber, G.F., Kruger, W.D., Jakubowski, H., Dobrowolski, R. The aminoacidmetabolite homocysteine activates mTORC1 to inhibit autophagy and form abnormal proteins in human neurons and mice. FASEB J. 31, 598–609 (2017). www.fasebj.org