jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
*-DMP elements in *-semigroups and *-rings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate *-DMP elements in *-semigroups and *-rings. The notion of *-DMP element was introduced by Patr?cio and Puystjens in 2004. An element a is *-DMP if there exists a positive integer m such that am is EP. We first characterize *-DMP elements in terms of the {1,3}-inverse, Drazin inverse and pseudo core inverse, respectively. Then, we characterize the core-EP decomposition utilizing the pseudo core inverse, which extends the core-EP decomposition introduced by Wang for complex matrices to an arbitrary *-ring; and this decomposition turns to be a useful tool to characterize *-DMP elements. Further, we extend Wang?s core-EP order from complex matrices to *-rings and use it to investigate *-DMP elements. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two elements a,b in *-rings to have aaD = bbD, which contribute to study *-DMP elements.
Davidson and Frege on the Unity of the Proposition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores the connection between truth and predication on the one hand, and between predication and the unity of the proposition on the other. The second part of the chapter focuses on the question of whether Frege’s metaphor of unsaturatedness of the sense of the predicate expression helps in explaining the unity of the proposition. It is argued that while appeal to unsaturatedness as such is of little help, Frege’s conception contains many valuable insights. A more promising approach to the problem of the unity of the proposition should concentrate on Frege’s Context Principle and on its bearing on the compositionality of linguistic meaning.
Outcomes of men with recurrent M0 prostate cancer who defer androgen deprivation therapy until metastasis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5016 Background: Optimal timing and criteria for implementation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with relapsed M0 prostate cancer (PCa) remains undefined. Early ADT induces the non-metastatic castration resistant PCa (nmCRPC) clinical state. FDA approved apalutamide (SPARTAN) and enzalutamide (PROSPER) for nmCRPC based on prolongation of metastasis free survival (MFS) which is now considered a valid endpoint for drug approval. Because overall survival (OS) in PCa is usually long and long-term ADT is associated with irreversible adverse events and high costs, we sought to evaluate OS and other outcomes of men with relapsed PCa and ADT deferred until metastasis. Methods: Retrospective review of 2,636 men who had radical prostatectomy (RP) between 1981-2017 and developed biochemically recurrent PCa from a single-institution. Patients who received ADT prior to metastasis were excluded. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of MFS and OS were defined from RP to event or censor. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify prognostic factors. Results: 1,686 men treated with deferred ADT until metastasis or censored metastasis-free were eligible. Medians: follow up 10 years (IQR5-16), age 60 years, PSADT 33 months, Gleason < 7 (24%), Gleason 7 (55%), Gleason > 7 (21%). 688 (41%) received salvage radiotherapy. Median MFS and OS were 21 and 22 years, respectively (Table). In multivariable models, age (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.1), Gleason < 8 vs ≥8 (HR 0.4; 0.3-0.5) , RP stage (organ confined vs not 0.6; 0.5-0.8), PSADT (0.995, 0.993-0.997) and salvage RT (0.88; 0.81, 0.96) were associated with OS. Conclusions: Deferred ADT in relapsing M0 patients is associated with long OS measured from time of local treatment, comparable to OS with salvage ADT in contemporary experience. Drug approval trials in nmCRPC should focus on patients at high risk for metastasis and death prior to ADT, and determine standardized criteria for initiation of ADT. Prolongation of MFS in nmCRPC requires further validation and may not necessarily reflect a net OS benefit. [Table: see text]
Evolution of shrimp production and pond bottom in a semi-intensive system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

s of the 1996 Annual Meeting of The World Aquaculture Society, Bangkok, Thailand. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana USA. Hussenot, J., and J.L.M. Martin.1995. Assessment of the quality of pond sediment in aquaculture using simple, rapid techniques. Aquaculture International,
New Insights in the Design of Bioactive Peptides and Chelating Agents for Imaging and Therapy in Oncology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many synthetic peptides have been developed for diagnosis and therapy of human cancers based on their ability to target specific receptors on cancer cell surface or to penetrate the cell membrane. Chemical modifications of amino acid chains have significantly improved the biological activity, the stability and efficacy of peptide analogues currently employed as anticancer drugs or as molecular imaging tracers. The stability of somatostatin, integrins and bombesin analogues in the human body have been significantly increased by cyclization and/or insertion of non-natural amino acids in the peptide sequences. Moreover, the overall pharmacokinetic properties of such analogues and others (including cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neurotensin analogues) have been improved by PEGylation and glycosylation. Furthermore, conjugation of those peptide analogues to new linkers and bifunctional chelators (such as AAZTA, TETA, TRAP, NOPO etc.), produced radiolabeled moieties with increased half life and higher binding affinity to the cognate receptors. This review describes the most important and recent chemical modifications introduced in the amino acid sequences as well as linkers and new bifunctional chelators which have significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of peptides used in oncologic diagnosis and therapy.
Total proteins and 11S protein fraction (Helianthinin) of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) — Effect of acetylation and succinylation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The total proteins and helianthinin (11S) from sunflower seeds were chemically modified by acetylation and succinylation. The extent of acetylation of the total proteins and helianthinin were 12%, 51%, 52%, 56% and 12%, 36%, 69%, 71%, respectively, while the extent of succinylation were 8%, 21%, 33%, 49% and 10%, 30%, 44%, 61%, respectively. The extent of modification was monitored by the availability of free lysyl residues in the proteins. The ultraviolet absorption maximum shifted to higher wavelengths in total proteins and in helianthinin; there was also an increase in absorbance in the 260 nm wavelength, as a function of increased chemical modification. The sedimentation velocity profile indicated the dissociation of the proteins to low molecular weight fraction (2S) through a 7S component. The dissociation occurred at low modification levels in both total proteins and in helianthinin. There was a gradual red shift and quenching in the fluorescence emission maximum at higher modification levels indicating the denaturation of the proteins as a result of this chemical modification. The change in absorbance as a function of temperature indicates minor changes suggesting that the conformation of the proteins is already altered to significant extents due to the chemical modification.
[Case-control studies in psychiatry: causality, design and warnings].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This present paper is mainly methodological and has been written with the aim of helping researchers in psychiatry to produce results with higher quality and help readers to have adequate assessment values of others. Brief reflection is made on the most important conditions that must be fulfilled to prove a causality hypothesis, regardless of the investigation design used. However, the main purpose of the text is to examine and illustrate how these conditions work under a case-control study environment. Besides outlining the basic aspects concerning design and analysis, areas extremely illustrated with examples of case and controls in psychiatry found in the literature, a number of suggestions to avoid pitfalls that can invalidate research efforts developed using case-control methodology is offered.
Comment on egusphere-2023-1477

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Hector, an open-source reduced complexity climate-carbon cycle model. Hector is a computationally efficient source of climate information, capable of completing a run in a fraction of a second. Hector models critical Earth system processes on a global and annual basis. Here we present an updated version of the model, Hector V3. In this manuscript, we document Hector’s new features, and implementation of new science (e.g., radiative forcing calculations, carbon cycle, etc.). Hector V3 results are in good agreement with historical observations of CO2 concentrations and global mean surface temperature, and its future temperature projections are consistent with more complex Earth System Model output data from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We document that Hector V3 is a flexible, performant, and robust simulator of contemporary and 21st-century global climate, and in closing, discuss future areas of improvement and research with respect to the model’s scientific, stakeholder, and educational priorities.
Expression characteristics and biological significance of nuclear factor-kappaB and interleukin-6 in experimental osteoporosis models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To examine the effects of the expression level of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaBp50,NF-kappaBp65 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on osteoporosis of adult ovariectomized mice and their correlation and significance in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.Methods Four-month female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into ovariectomized group and sham-operated group.Twelve weeks after surgery,the mice were sacrificed after the measurement of bone density.The NF-kappaB and IL-6 levels in bone tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry techniques.Results As compared with the sham-operated group,bone density was decreased and trabecula thinned in the ovariectomized group.The immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive signals of NF-kappaB and IL-6 appeared similarly in both ovariectomized and sham-operated groups.They mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of osteoblast,osteocytes,osteoclast and marrow stroma cells.The contents of protein in ovariectomized group were higher than in sham-operated group.In addition,the NF-kappaB and IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with the bone mineral density.At the same time,there was a positive correlation between NF-kappaB and IL-6.Conclusion The expression levels and protein contents of NF-kappaB were significantly increased in the bone tissue of ovariectomized mice.NF-kappaB could activate the transcription of IL-6 and increase its expression.As a result,the bone resorption was enhanced and the bone turnover speed up.At last,a variation in histomorphometry resulted in osteoporosis.
1143 5T4-CD40 bispecific antibodies activate immune responses in a 5T4-dependent manner

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background

CD40 is a key costimulatory molecule expressed on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and functions to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. CD40 primes dendritic cells (DCs) to upregulate the expression of other costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 that further activates CD8+T cells. CD40 activation on B cells increases their activation and proliferation that further promotes anti-tumor effects. Agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibodies displayed clinical response, however, the further development was hampered by dose-limiting toxicities possibly due to the systemic activation. To overcome this issue, we have developed a conditional CD40 bispecific antibody which was only activated in 5T4-expressing tumor cells. 5T4 is a oncofetal protein rarely expressed in normal adult tissues, however, the expression is upregulated in multiple cancers. Therefore, we hypothesized that CD40 crosslinking by engagement of 5T4 on the cancer cells could boost the immune response in the tumor microenvironment while minimizing the risk of peripheral toxicity.

Methods

To achieve maximal agonistic effect, we have generated a panel of 5T4 x CD40 bispecific antibodies in different formats. 5T4 x CD40 bispecific antibodies were evaluated in CD40 reporter cells and cocultured with target cells expressing 5T4. The potency was further confirmed by measuring IL12 production from primary DCs and CD80 and CD86 expression on the DC and B cells. The anti-tumor efficacy was determined in CD40-humanized C57BL/6 mice bearing MC38-hu5T4 tumor.

Results

5T4 x CD40 bispecific antibodies activated CD40 signaling in a 5T4-dependent manner. Similarly, DCs and B cells were activated only when cocultured with 5T4-expressing cells. Interestingly, we have identified an optimal format that showing superiority to other formats in inducing more potent CD40 agonism while remained silent in 5T4-negative cells. Treatment of 5T4 x CD40 displayed a more potent anti-tumor efficacy, compared to an equivalent dose of clinical benchmark CD40 monospecific antibody. Furthermore, tumor-free mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge, indicating an established long-lasting memory response. The ex vivo analysis suggested a focused immune activation in the tumor and no peripheral activation.

Conclusions

We have generated bispecific antibodies specific to both CD40 and 5T4 that could achieve APC activation only in 5T4-expressing tumor microenvironment and demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy without inducing systemic toxicity. The preclinical data warrant further development of 5T4 x CD40 bispecific antibody as a potential therapeutic option for solid tumor.
A Possible New Member of the Vitamins A1 and A2 Group1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Possible New Member of the Vitamins A1 and A2 Group1Norris D. Embree and Edgar M. ShantzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 5, 906–909Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01245a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01245a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Challenges of Supporting Effective Security and Justice Development Programming

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Early 2010, the DAC International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF) Task Team on
Peacebuilding, Statebuilding and Security commissioned an analysis of the critical impediments to
effective donor engagement in the area of security and justice development in conflict-affected and
fragile environments. This analysis seeks to inform a change agenda to help make donor support to
justice and security more effective. It is intended to serve as the base of a larger piece of work, and
builds on the World Bank‘s 2011 World Development Report and the OECD‘s 2011 Policy Guidance
on Supporting Statebuilding in Situations of Conflict and Fragility...
Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessment for malnutrition in south Indian patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malnutrition remains an important problem in chronic pancreatitis; however severe malnutrition is rare as compared to previous series. Energy (calorie) deprivation and micronutrient deficiency are major nutritional issues. Use of additional anthropometric parameters, especially triceps skin fold thickness, in conjunction with body mass index, is helpful. Subjective global assessment is a useful method for assessment for nutritional status in chronic pancreatitis patients.
UMTS Positioning Methods and Accuracy in Urban Environments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During the 2nd generation Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile communication, the focus of the mobile positioning was mostly on call setup and messaging. But the evolution of the 3rd generation Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) has changed the focus of mobile positioning. With the increase use of smart phones the mobile positioning is now extensively used for location based services (LBS’s). Mobile positioning becomes extremely important when the user requests any particular LBS, because it directly affects the communication and resource handling between the network and the mobile user MU. In order to reduce cost of messages exchange between the network and the MU it is really important that network should know the location of MU with minimum error. There are many positioning methods that are used today for MU location estimation. In this thesis database correlation method (DCM) is used as a positioning technique to estimate the MU location in the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UMTS network. The thesis will also explain different penalty techniques for different scenarios that could be used to improve the MU location accuracy in the urban environment. By applying different penalty techniques the best positioning accuracy achieved for 67% of the measurements varies is 88m and for 95% it is 153m. Other penalty techniques results will be compared at the end in order to find the best penalty techniques that offer much improved location accuracy for MU.
Artificially Recruited TATA-Binding Protein Fails To Remodel Chromatin and Does Not Activate Three Promoters That Require Chromatin Remodeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcriptional activators are believed to work in part by recruiting general transcription factors, such as TATA-binding protein (TBP) and the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Activation domains also contribute to remodeling of chromatin in vivo. To determine whether these two activities represent distinct functions of activation domains, we have examined transcriptional activation and chromatin remodeling accompanying artificial recruitment of TBP in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We measured transcription of reporter genes with defined chromatin structure by artificial recruitment of TBP and found that a reporter gene whose TATA element was relatively accessible could be activated by artificially recruited TBP, whereas two promoters, GAL10 and CHA1, that have accessible activator binding sites, but nucleosomal TATA elements, could not. A third reporter gene containing the HIS4 promoter could be activated by GAL4-TBP only when a RAP1 binding site was present, although RAP1 alone could not activate the reporter, suggesting that RAP1 was needed to open the chromatin structure to allow activation. Consistent with this interpretation, artificially recruited TBP was unable to perturb nucleosome positioning via a nucleosomal binding site, in contrast to a true activator such as GAL4, or to perturb the TATA-containing nucleosome at the CHA1 promoter. Finally, we show that activation of the GAL10 promoter by GAL4, which requires chromatin remodeling, can occur even in swi gcn5 yeast, implying that remodeling pathways independent of GCN5, the SWI-SNF complex, and TFIID can operate during transcriptional activation in vivo.
Four New Species of Dictyostelids from Soil Systems in Northern Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are ubiquitous microorganisms found in the uppermost layers of most soils. Reports on the species diversity of dictyostelids in Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand, are few in number. A survey for dictyostelids performed in northern Thailand in 2008 recovered 15 distinctive forms, including several common species and a number of forms morphologically different from anything already described. Five of the latter were formally described as new to science in a previous paper. An additional five isolates appeared to be morphologically distinct, and this was supported by DNA sequence data and phylogenetic analysis. These isolates representing four species are described herein as species new to science. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these new species are provided.
Influence of External Heat Transfer on the Thermo-Structural Stress of a Radial Turbine Wheel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Structural simulations are key for designing the wheel of a turbocharger’s turbine. These simulations enable the assessment of components’ durability and performance in demanding conditions such as extreme exhaust gas temperatures, facilitate the development of the cooling strategies that essential for managing excessive heat, and allow enhancing turbocharger efficiency and preventing catastrophic failures in high-temperature environments. External heat transfer plays a crucial role, since the housing temperature can reach values in the order of 103 K and the contribution of convective heat to ambient air is one of the major sources of loss. The present paper aims to assess the influence of natural or forced convection between the turbine’s housing and the external ambient on the temperature and stress distributions of the turbine’s wheel. The methodology adopted for the analysis is based on a two-step approach. First, a three-dimensional steady-state conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulation of the entire turbine stage (including volute, outlet duct, and wastegate valve) is performed to evaluate the temperature field on the metal body of the turbine. Then, the temperature distribution of the body is imported as a load for the thermo-structural simulation of the rotor wheel. The numerical setup was validated against experimental measurements of the temperature of the rotor blade. For the evaluation of the structural behavior of the component, the most critical regions in terms of stresses were identified in the backdisc part of the wheel. The results show the variation of the structural response as the external convection is increased from an ideal adiabatic condition to a forced external cooling condition. The impact of the same on the overall performance limits of the turbine are discussed.
Bibliography of printed works cited

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A collection of essays about the Colonial Medical Service of Africa in which a group of distinguished colonial historians illustrate the diversity and active collaborations to be found in the untidy reality of government medical provision. The authors present important case studies in a series of essays covering former British colonial dependencies in Africa, including Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zanzibar. These studies reveal many new insights into the enactments of colonial policy and the ways in which colonial doctors negotiated the day-to-day reality during the height of Imperial rule in Africa. The book provides essential reading for scholars and students of colonial history, medical history and colonial administration.