jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Critical issues in psychological test use in the South African workplace

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Various factors in South African workplaces, ranging from unemployment and equity considerations to rapid occupational change driven by technological inputs, have placed greater emphasis on effective selection and development of human resources. This leads to greater demands on psychological assessment in the organizational setting with respect to ensuring responsible, ethical and equitable assessment. The study aims to investigate the extent and purposes of psychological test usage, the influence of the changing world of work on assessment, equity and cross-cultural applicability of tests and competence of test users in South Africa. The results are based on twenty two structured individual interviews, which were conducted with purposively sampled stakeholders from various economic sectors. Opsomming Verskeie faktore in Suid-Afrikaanse werkomgewing, wat wissel van werkloosheid en billikheidsoorwegings tot by vinnig veranderende beroepsomstandighede as gevolg van tegnologiese ontwikkeling, plaas toenemende druk op die doeltreffende keuring en ontwikkeling van menslike hulpbronne. Dit lei tot toenemende eise wat in die organisasie konteks aan sielkundige meting gestel word om verantwoordelike, etiese en billike assessering te verseker. Hierdie studie was daarop gerig om die doel met en omvang van die gebruik van sielkundige toetse, die invloed van die veranderende wêreld van werk op die assessering, billike en kruiskulturele toepaslikheid van toetse, asook die bevoegdheid van toetsgebruikers in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek. Die resultate is gebaseer op ’n doelgerigte steekproef van twee-en-twintig gestruktureerde onderhoude wat met belanghebbers uit verskillende ekonomiese sektore, gevoer is.
Differential Patterns in Motivations for Practicing Sport and Their Effects on Physical Activity Engagement across the Lifespan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to report what motivates individuals to be physically active, to determine whether motivating factors influence physical activity (PA) levels, and whether this differs across the lifespan. This is a cross-sectional study with 498 individuals: 117 adolescents, 306 adults, and 75 older adults. PA was assessed using Baecke’s questionnaire, and motivating factors for practicing sports were investigated using a scale with twelve questions. The factor analysis identified three motivating factors for sports practice: psychosocial, bodily, and well-being. The scale’s overall reliability and internal consistency indicated a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.885. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for sex indicated the three factors as having a significant effect on PA (p < 0.050); however, only the well-being factor showed a significant interaction with age groups (p = 0.023, ηp2 = 0.030). Subsequently, the effect of the well-being factor on PA scores in each age group was explored through regression analyses. Only older adults showed a significant association in the unadjusted [OR = 0.378, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.243] and the sex-adjusted analysis [OR = 0.377, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.288]. These results help us to better understand the underlying motivational reasons in different age groups for engaging in sports.
APPLICATION OF A DROPLET-PIXE SYSTEM TO STUDY RADIATION EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Droplet PIXE analysis was applied to the study of radiation effects on soil ecosystem functioning. A paddy soil sample was flooded with well water to prepare soil ecosystem specimens (microcosms), and then the microcosms were chronically exposed to gamma rays at a dose rate of 1 Gy day −1 for 5 days. After the final irradiation, a brownish discoloration was observed in the liquid phases of the irradiated microcosms.To clarify the factors causing the discoloration, minerals in the solutions of the microcosms were analyzed by the droplet PIXE system.Elemental profiles from the XRF spectrum showed marked iron peaks. Exposure of microcosms to gamma rays resulted in a decrease in the iron levels. Since iron is released in the form of Fe(II) from the solid soil to the liquid phase, further determination of the Fe (II) levels was performed. The percentages of Fe (II) to the total iron in the liquid phase of the irradiated microcosms were lower than those of the controls. This result may be caused by the change of Fe species from soluble Fe (II) to insoluble Fe (III) during gamma irradiation, and the Fe (III) species with a brownish color may be associated with the discoloration of the irradiated samples. The conversion from soluble to insoluble forms may also contribute the small amount of dissolved iron in the irradiated microcosms. Iron is an essential trace nutrient for plants, and thus the amount of dissolved iron is one aspect of ecosystem functioning. Effects of gamma radiation on the dissolved iron could involve a change in the soil ecosystem through the depression of iron flux in the long term.
Neuroplasticity, axonal guidance and micro‐RNA genes are associated with morphine self‐administration behavior

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Neuroadaptations in the ventral striatum ( VS ) and ventral midbrain ( VMB ) following chronic opioid administration are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of opiate addiction. In order to identify candidate genes involved in these neuroadaptations, we utilized a behavior‐genetics strategy designed to associate contingent intravenous drug self‐administration with specific patterns of gene expression in inbred mice differentially predisposed to the rewarding effects of morphine. In a Yoked‐control paradigm, C 57 BL /6 J mice showed clear morphine‐reinforced behavior, whereas DBA /2 J mice did not. Moreover, the Yoked‐control paradigm revealed the powerful consequences of self‐administration versus passive administration at the level of gene expression. Morphine self‐administration in the C 57 BL /6 J mice uniquely up‐ or down‐regulated 237 genes in the VS and 131 genes in the VMB . Interestingly, only a handful of the C 57 BL /6 J self‐administration genes (<3%) exhibited a similar expression pattern in the DBA /2 J mice. Hence, specific sets of genes could be confidently assigned to regional effects of morphine in a contingent‐ and genotype‐dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that neuroplasticity, axonal guidance and micro‐ RNAs ( miRNAs ) were among the key themes associated with drug self‐administration. Noteworthy were the primary miRNA genes H 19 and micro‐ RNA containing gene ( M irg ), processed, respectively, to mature miRNAs miR ‐675 and miR ‐154, because they are prime candidates to mediate network‐like changes in responses to chronic drug administration. These miRNAs have postulated roles in dopaminergic neuron differentiation and mu‐opioid receptor regulation. The strategic approach designed to focus on reinforcement‐associated genes provides new insight into the role of neuroplasticity pathways and miRNAs in drug addiction.
Conclusion: What’s in the Language?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The book's concluding chapter summarizes its content and contextualizes the ideas in a broader historical and cultural perspective. It is the story about the transformation of the ways in which the increasingly Christianized elites of the late antique Mediterranean experienced and conceptualized linguistic differences. Confessional and linguistic identities of the time overlapped in ways that produced an astonishing variety of dynamic combinations, hybrid loyalties, and local peculiarities. The chapter raises the question of what we do with language when we speak and how references to a linguistic code through which communication happens can be no less informative than the content of communication itself. It problematizes the concept of "other languages" and different ways in which different cultures, including early Christianity, imagine their principal alloglottic Other. We introduce the concept of "communities of linguistic sensitivities" – a group that share similar language-related socio-cultural stereotypes and subscribe to approximately the same views and ideas about linguistic history and linguistic diversity. The history of Christianity in Late Antiquity could be described in terms of the formation of several such related communities around the Mediterranean – communities that developed dynamically, constantly readjusted, and mutually influenced each other.
Recognizing Entity Types via Properties

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The mainstream approach to the development of ontologies is merging ontologies encoding different information, where one of the major difficulties is that the heterogeneity motivates the ontology merging but also limits high-quality merging performance. Thus, the entity type (etype) recognition task is proposed to deal with such heterogeneity, aiming to infer the class of entities and etypes by exploiting the information encoded in ontologies. In this paper, we introduce a property-based approach that allows recognizing etypes on the basis of the properties used to define them. From an epistemological point of view, it is in fact properties that characterize entities and etypes, and this definition is independent of the specific labels and hierarchical schemas used to define them. The main contribution consists of a set of property-based metrics for measuring the contextual similarity between etypes and entities, and a machine learning-based etype recognition algorithm exploiting the proposed similarity metrics. Compared with the state-of-the-art, the experimental results show the validity of the similarity metrics and the superiority of the proposed etype recognition algorithm.
Broadband high‐gain low‐temperature cofired ceramic substrate integrated cavity antenna array based on high‐order mode for W‐band applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A broadband substrate integrated cavity (SIC) antenna array based on high‐order mode is proposed for low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) integrated systems in W‐band. To improve the gain of antenna element, a large SIC is adopted to work in high‐order mode, which also avoid using excessive vias and reduce the process complexity. Two parasitic patches are loaded on the high‐order mode SIC to remove the reverse E‐field in the open aperture, leading to a high‐gain broadside radiation. The high‐order‐mode SIC antenna element is fed by high‐order TE 20 ‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), rather than regular TE 10 ‐mode SIW. The simplified feeding network with TE 20 ‐mode SIW is also designed with wideband performance, further enhancing the fabrication robustness of antenna array. To validate the proposed high‐order mode‐based antenna element and feeding network, a W‐band 2 × 4 antenna array is designed as an example using LTCC technology. The measured return loss is better than 10 dB from 81.1 to 98.1 GHz (19% bandwidth) with a maximum gain of 18.3 dB at 94 GHz. The proposed antenna array has great potential in millimetre‐wave and terahertz LTCC integrated applications.
Corynebacterium Parvum? Treatment of P388 Tumor-Bearing Mice I. Lysosomal Enzyme Levels in Adherent Peritoneal Cells and Peritoneal Lavage Fluid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BDF1 mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) 2 days before an implant of 106 P388 leukemic cells had up to an 110% increase in survival time above control; Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment was ineffective. Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were measured in adherent peritoneal lavage cells and beta-glucuronidase in peritoneal lavage fluid form mice treated with C. parvum or BCG 2 days before the implant of P388 cells. In the presence of the tumor, adherent peritoneal cells from C. parvum-treated animals had a 250-300% increased specific lysosomal enzyme activity above control values (cells form animals receiving tumor implant alone). Peak enzyme activity which occurred on day 3 was not present in adherent cells from BCG-treated tumor-bearing animals or the control animals. The beta-glucuronidase activity in peritoneal lavage fluid was elevated by the tumor cells, BCG, or C. parvum. Peak levels occurred on day 5 regardless of the treatment with an additive effect present on day 5 in animals receiving the combination of tumor with C. parvum. The evidence indicated the development of a different pattern of enhanced lysosomal enzyme activity if the immunopotentiator protected against the P388 tumor vs one that did not. Protection was associated with an increase in lysosomal enzyme activity in adherent cells with no increase in lavage fluid in the presence of tumor cells. Changes in cellular enzyme activity may prove to be diagnostic for antitumor activity by an immunostimulant.
Association Between Annual Procedural Volume and Outcomes in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan (the JAAM-OHCA Registry)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) requires advanced skills for induction and management. This study evaluated whether the outcomes of ECPR differ by institutional volume. Using the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine–Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (JAAM-OHCA) registry, we analyzed adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who received ECPR between 2014 and 2020, focusing on 30 day in-hospital survival and favorable neurologic prognosis at 30 days defined as Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1–2. Facilities were categorized into tertiles by annual ECPR volume. Multivariable logistic regression examined outcomes across low (≤4.7 cases/year), medium (4.8–7.8 cases/year), and high (≥7.9 cases/year) volume groups. A total of 1,759 patients from 83 centers were included, with an overall 30 day survival of 21.1% and CPC 1–2 rate of 10.1%. We observed no statistically significant differences in the respective rates of 30 day survival and neurologic outcomes in the medium ECPR volume group (adjusted odds ratios 1.09 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.82–1.47] and 0.85 [0.56–1.26]) and higher ECPR volume group (adjusted odds ratios 1.27 [95% CI, 0.95–1.70] and 1.11 [0.75–1.63]) compared with the lower ECPR volume group. These findings suggest that ECPR outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are not significantly affected by institutional ECPR volume.
Subcellular pH changes in correlation to Glutathione metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The thiol redox balance is important for the function of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, playing a pivotal role in maintaining the proper function of particular proteins. These protein structures are stabilized by disulfide bonds. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that is believed to be essential for thiol redox control (Kumar, 2011) and shown to be a major cellular redox buffer (Grant and Posci, 1999 and 2004). pH changes may have a prominent influence on maintaining the ratio between reduced the glutathione and oxidized glutathione redox buffer (GSH: GSSG). Using S. cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast) as a model organism, we planned to find the correlation between GSH metabolism and pH changes during redox stress which would subsequently provide us insight about GSH trafficking and its metabolism. The period of research mentioned was unable to discover the correlation due to the death of the yeast cells.
Immigration Policy and Belonging: Ramifications for DACA Recipients’ Sense of Belonging

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The socioeconomic benefits of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program initiated in 2012 by executive order from then-president Obama have been documented in the recent literature. However, the consequences of the legal challenge brought against the program by the Trump administration have not yet been fully examined. This article analyzes qualitative data from Latino Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals recipients in California to assess how the legal turmoil around the program is affecting their sense of belonging in the United States. We find that the uncertainty around the program has negative consequences on their sense of belonging, despite the program’s aims at improving it, and despite the respondents’ living in a rather welcoming state in terms of state-level immigration policies. Notably, we find that respondents feel increasingly alienated from and unwanted in American society and postpone major life goals.
Turkish-Russian Relations: Competition and Cooperation in Eurasia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the two most influential and powerful actors in Eurasia the nature of the Turkish-Russian relationship affects the situation in the Black Sea, South Caucasus, Central Asia and Middle East and steers the foreign policy formulations of both regional states and global powers. Examining post-Cold War relations between Eurasia’s most prominent actors, this book takes into account regional dynamics and global power struggles and identifies three important stages in Turkish-Russian relations during the period. Using complex interdependency theory the author offers valuable insights into the initial confrontational period and its transition to an atmosphere of compromise, cooperation and the evolution of multi-dimensional partnership. Leadership theory then explains the most recent deterioration in rapport as crises in Syria and Ukraine have placed severe strain on the previously warm bilateral relations.
Davidson on force and convention

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Davidson on force and convention Get access William K. Blackburn William K. Blackburn St Mary's UniversityHalifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3C3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 47, Issue 2, March 1987, Pages 72–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/47.2.72 Published: 01 March 1987
Application and Experiment of the Theory of Headland–Bay Equilibrium Coast in the Design of Artificial Beach Shoreline

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coastal scientists and engineers are constantly trying to quantify the ideal bay shape using mathematical formulas. Since the 1980s, a large number of achievements have been accomplished and various empirical models have been obtained. This article is based on the theory of equilibrium coastal development in the headland–bay and takes an artificial beach forming part of Rizhao Port’s “Return to Sea” project in Northern China as an example to explore the selection of beach protection schemes. The influence of different forms of plan layout on the shape of the equilibrium shoreline is compared, and the scheme is further validated using physical model testing methods. The following results are obtained: (1) a suitable protection scheme and its corresponding beach equilibrium shoreline shape are recommended, (2) a reasonable maintenance cycle is proposed, and (3) after 27 months of implementation of the artificial beach, the monitored sediment loss is less than 10% of the total amount, meeting the design purpose. This confirms the effectiveness of the research results in artificial beach protection engineering and equilibrium shoreline design, achieving good economic, social, and ecological environmental benefits, and with broad prospects for promotion and application. The results can also provide reference and guidance for subsequent coastal engineering evaluation, improvement, and construction.
Hepatitis C, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress: correlations with metabolic diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hepatitis C chronic infection has long been correlated with numerous systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis. Recent studies have also revealed an association with atherosclerosis.Areas covered: An analysis is presented on the mechanisms through which the hepatitis C viral infection can lead to a systemic increase in pro-inflammatory markers, especially tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6. The immunological imbalance created may, through different mechanisms, act on the metabolic pathways that contribute to the development of insulin resistance, the accumulation of lipids in the liver, and even the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, an additional contributing factor to the above-mentioned metabolic derangements is the unopposed oxidative stress observed in chronic hepatitis C viral infection. The virus itself contributes to the formation of oxidative stress, through alterations in the trace metal homeostasis and its effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-a.Expert opinion: The scope of this review is to emphasize the importance of the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C viral infection and to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms behind their emergence.
SH130691.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.