jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Clinically Oriented Complete Denture Program for Second‐Year Dental Students

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The traditional preclinical complete denture prosthodontic curriculum relies predominantly on the laboratory (e.g., bench‐type) component of the complete denture fabrication process. In most cases, this involves a passive model of student knowledge acquisition utilizing lectures and low‐fidelity laboratory exercises. A recently implemented program in the College of Dentistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago challenges this educational paradigm by introducing an active learning environment for second‐year students based on significant clinical exposure with patients. The result is a major shift of emphasis, first, from a purely technical/laboratory aspect of the discipline to patient‐centered education and, second, from mastering individual phases of denture fabrication to understanding the entire process of edentulous patient care. To compare student outcomes in the new program with those in the traditional program, their performance overall and in three components of the final examination for each program were statistically compared. The results of the one‐way ANOVA analysis show statistically significant improvement in the students’ total score in the new program, including their performance on the written, practical, and OSCE portions of the final examination. This article describes the rationale, logistics, challenges, and advantages of the new educational model of the complete denture prosthodontics curriculum.
Pipe flow speed sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fluid flow speed sensor based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) is proposed and demonstrated. Two FBGs are attached to an arc-shaped plastic piece at the same distance from both edges. The fluid flow to be measured pushes the structure stretching one side and compressing the other one. The sensor has been successfully checked by subjecting the device, to different air flow controlled conditions inside of a pipe. Low energy impact detection has been also reported with the proposed device.
Multistage N/W Intrusion - Detection system implementation through DL and Image Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The current worldwide surge in hack and computer cluster attacks has heightened the demand for stronger prevention and detection systems. The system that detects intrusions (IDS) is crucial for identifying net assaults and abnormalities, which are becoming bigger and more widespread. We provide a novel three different dnnvision-based technique for detecting security breaches in this paper. The circuits are used to create pictures of four segments (Red, Colored, Aquamarine, and Alpha). However, the categorization that was done on the photographs is used to train and verify the well-known computer vision framework ResNet50. Two freely available standardized datasets, UNSW-NB15 and Regularly then used manage Denial of service ( dos, are utilised to evaluate the proposed technique. On the Ub test, the proposed approach successfully identifies the generalized exploit 99.8% of the time. The suggested approach achieves 99.7% precision on both the diagnostics of vehicles coming upon that Two or more homogeneous Intrusion data or the detection of the Gadget.
“Dulce Para Las Enfermas”: Consideraciones Sobre El Uso Médico Del Azúcar En Chile Colonial. El Caso De Las Monjas De Santiago (S. Xvii-Xviii)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to contribute to the history of sugar in the Kingdom of Chile, specifically analyzing the medical importance it had for the nuns of Santiago during the colonial era, mainly for its renowned therapeutic properties. Through the crossing between unpublished conventual sources (account books, letters, and confessional writings) and other published sources of the time and considering the theoretical approaches of the cultural history of food, highly influenced by the anthropology of food; The medical use that these women gave to the processed sucrose is demonstrated. Likewise, this phenomenon is explained from an ancient Hispanic-Arab tradition, spread in Chile through cookbooks and medical treatises. The frequent elaboration of fruit sweets, together with the profuse intake of sweetened drinks, syrups, and sorbets bythese nuns; are some examples of it.Keywords: sugar, nuns, medicine, Chile.
Prevalence of stress, stressors and coping strategies among secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: In the process of growing, adolescents experience stress and their coping abilities determine the outcome. School training further adds to this stressful situation. It is noteworthy that persistently high stress levels will impair students' academic achievement, personal and professional development. This article describes the prevalence of stress, stressors and coping strategies among secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Secondary school and participant selections were done via stratified random sampling with a sample size of 505 students. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Secondary School Stressors Questionnaire (3SQ) and Brief COPE inventory were self-administered to measure stress level, sources of stress and coping strategies respectively among the participants. Results: Out of 505 selected participants, 421 (83.36%) responded to this survey. This study found that the prevalence of distressed secondary school students was 32.8%. The major stressors for all types of schools were academic-related issues. This study showed that the students in technical school were more distressed than students elsewhere. Among the most frequent coping strategies used by the students were religion, positive reinterpretation, use of instrumental support, active coping and planning. There were relationships between intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressor, academic achievements, level of school and academic related stressor, attention from parent, behavioral disengagement, self-blame and planning coping strategies with stress level of the students. Conclusion: This study found that there was a high prevalence of distressed negatively stressed secondary school students, the major stressors were related to academic and contributing factors of stress were related to school training, students and parents. Training students on positive coping strategies, reducing stressor-related school training, and improving parent and teacher supports to the students will help to improve this condition.
Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) 2018-2019

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is the third round of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS). BIHS is the only nationally representative survey in Bangladesh that collects detailed data on (1) plot-level agricultural production and practices, (2) dietary intake of individual household members, (3) anthropometric measurements (height and weight) of all household members, and (4) data to measure women’s empowerment in agriculture index (WEAI). A community survey supplements the BIHS data to provide information on area-specific contextual factors. The BIHS covers 5604 households in 325 primary sampling units. The sample is statistically representative at the following levels: (a) nationally representative of rural Bangladesh; and (b) representative of rural areas of each of the seven administrative divisions of the country: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet.</p> The <a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OR6MHT">first round of BIHS</a> was published in 2013 and the<a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BXSYEL"> second round of BIHS</a> was published in 2016. These surveys can be accessed from <a href="https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/IFPRI/?q=title%3A%22Bangladesh+Integrated+Household+Survey+%28BIHS%29%22">here</a>.
[Effect of GM-CSF on expansion and differentiation of CD34+ megakaryocyte progenitor cells from cord blood in vitro].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study the effect of GM-CSF on in vitro expansion of megakaryocyte progenitor cells from cord blood, CD34(+) cells isolated by magnetic cell sorting system (MACS) were cultured in serum-free medium containing TPO, IL-3, SCF and with or without various concentrations of GM-CSF (5, 20, 100 ng/ml). The numbers of MNC, proportion of CD34(+)CD41(+) cells and CFU-MK were measured at 6, 10 and 14 days. The results showed that the expansion of MNC and proportion of CD41(+) cells was accelerated distinctly by various concentrations of GM-CSF after 14 days, while 20 and 100 ng/ml GM-CSF exhibited higher expansion effect than that of 5 ng/ml. TPO + IL-3 + SCF with 5 ng/ml or 20 ng/ml GM-CSF could stimulate the formation of CFU-MK, while TPO + IL-3 + SCF with 100 ng/ml GM-CSF could inhibit it. It is concluded that GM-CSF can accelerate the expansion of megakaryocyte progenitor cells from CD34(+) cells in cord blood in the serum-free medium containing TPO + IL-3 + SCF.
Specific and Nonspecific Metal Ion−Nucleotide Interactions at Aqueous/Solid Interfaces Functionalized with Adenine,Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine Oligomers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This article reports nonlinear optical measurements that quantify,\nfor the first time directly and without labels, how many Mg<sup>2+</sup> cations are bound to DNA 21-mers covalently linked to fused silica/water\ninterfaces maintained at pH 7 and 10 mM NaCl, and what the thermodynamics\nare of these interactions. The overall interaction of Mg<sup>2+</sup> with adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine is found to involve\n−10.0 ± 0.3, −11.2 ± 0.3, −14.0 ±\n0.4, and −14.9 ± 0.4 kJ/mol, and nonspecific interactions\nwith the phosphate and sugar backbone are found to contribute −21.0\n± 0.6 kJ/mol for each Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion bound. The specific\nand nonspecific contributions to the interaction energy of Mg<sup>2+</sup> with oligonucleotide single strands is found to be additive,\nwhich suggests that within the uncertainty of these surface-specific\nexperiments, the Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions are evenly distributed over\nthe oligomers and not isolated to the most strongly binding nucleobase.\nThe nucleobases adenine and thymine are found to bind only three Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions per 21-mer oligonucleotide, while the bases cytosine\nand guanine are found to bind eleven Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions per 21-mer\noligonucleotide.
Effect of micronutrient and bioactive compounds fortified organic manure on the growth and yield of blackgram in coastal saline soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The micronutrients availability especially Zn and Fe is low in coastal saline soils due to soil characters such as poor texture, organic matter, leaching and chemical reaction involving precipitation and fixation at high pH and salinity. This results in greater yield reduction in such soil. To evaluate the influence of fortified organic manures on the growth and yield of blackgram in coastal saline soil, one field experiment was conducted in a farmer's field at Arunmozhidevan village, Parangipettai Block, of Tamil Nadu state during January-March 2018. The texture of the soil was sandy loam and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent. The soil analyzed pH 7.93, EC 2.03 dS/m and represented low status of organic carbon (0.44%). The soil had low alkaline KMnO4-N (120.21 kg/ha), Olsen-P (7.18 kg/ha) and NH4OAc-K (275.70 kg/ha). The following treatments, namely, T1-Control (recommended NPK), T2-NPK+ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha+FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha, T3-NPK+100% Zn and Fe fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T4-NPK+100% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T5-NPK+75% Zn and Fe fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T6-NPK+75% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T7-NPK+50% Zn and Fe fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha and T8-NPK+50% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha were studied in RBD with three replications. Blackgram variety ADT 3 was cultivated. The results of the field experiment showed that all the growth characters like plant height, DMP, LAI, number of branches and yield components viz., number of pods per plant, number of flowers and 100-seed weight and seed and haulm yield were significantly influenced by the fortified manure application. Among the treatments, T6-NPK+75% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha was superior in significantly increasing the growth and yield of blackgram. This treatment recorded a seed and haulm yield of 763 and 1314 kg/ha, respectively.
From Self-efficacy to Human-Computer Interaction Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article mainly focuses on how to improve the existing Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) design by considering the methodology of self-efficacy to let the users be more willing to interact with a novel system. The discussion is based on the fact that the proliferation of internet enterprises brings higher demand for better user experience because pleasant user experience could contribute to the promotion of their products. The question is that the existing principles of HCI design (especially display design) are based on the designers' understanding of how to improve user experience instead of the users' point of view. So this article has reviewed the theory of self-efficacy and the existing display design principles. Then the paper makes suggestions to improve the design of the user interface by increasing users' level of self-efficacy and evaluates the change of users' feeling during the interaction. At last, this article has concluded that considering users' level of self-efficacy could make the users more willing to try new products and increase their user experience.
Polaron properties in quantum wells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Lee-Low-Pines variational method is used to investigate the properties of a polaron in a quantum well (QW). The electron wave function in a finite-height potential barrier has been used for the calculation. Therefore, the influence of the barrier height on the polaron properties is taken into account. GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As QW is chosen as an example to calculate the polaron energy and effective mass. Our results indicate that the barrier height has an important influence on the polaron properties in a QW. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Shadows in the brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the processing of an object shadow occurs implicitly, that is without conscious awareness, and where physically within the human brain shadows are processed. Here we present neurological evidence, obtained from studies of brain-injured patients with visual neglect, that shadows are implicitly processed and that this processing may take place within the temporal lobe. Neglect patients with lesions that do not involve the right temporal lobe were still able to process shadows to optimize object shape perception. In contrast, shadow processing was not found to be as efficient in neglect patients with lesions that involve the right temporal lobe.
A Study on the Perception of Christian Education Leaders on the Importance and Performance of Christian Environmental Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 기독교교육 지도자가 인식하는 기독교 환경교육의 중요도와 실천도에 대한 분석연구이다. 현재 우리나라 공교육 내에서는 환경문제의 심각성을 인지하고 환경보호교육에 대한 다양한 교육을 실시하고 있다. 이와 함께 기독교계도 환경교육에 대한 관심을 갖기 시작하였고 생태신학적 관점에서 바라보는 환경보호의 개념을 소개하고 있다. 인간은 하나님이 만드신 이 자연세계를 가꾸고 보호해야 할 책임이 있는 존재이다. 그러나 타락 이후 인간은 자연을 보호하기 보다 무분별하게 개발하고 파괴하고 있다. 이러한 현실에서 기독교교육을 통해 학습자들에게 성경적인 환경보호에 대한 관점을 심어줄 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교회학교에서 활용 가능한 기독교환경교육 과정을 설계하였고 교회학교 교육지도자들을 대상으로 이 교육과정에 대한 중요도와 실천도를 설문조사하여 기독교 환경교육과정 설계를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 보리치 요구도(Borich) 분석과 LFM(The Locus for Focus Model) 모형을 통해 제시된 이론 영역에서의 기독교 환경교육의 우선순위는 성경적 생태환경교육과 성경적 환경보호 개념 교육이었다. 또한 실천 영역에서 기독교 환경교육의 우선순위는 교회와 연계한 지역 환경보호 활동 교육이었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 경험학습 중심의 조기 기독교 환경교육 실시, 교회 내 교육주체의 환경교육 관심도 함양, 생태환경에 대한 체계적인 성경적 이론 교육 실시, 환경보호를 위한 교회와 지역사회 연계활동 활성화를 제안하였다.
Evidence for Subshell at Z = 96

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The evidence is decisive that major nuclear shells are completed at 82 protons and 126 neutrons (both represented by the nuclide Pb{sup 208}) and these, along with major shells at 82 neutrons and certain lower nucleon numbers (N or Z = 20, 28, 50), are well explained by the strong spin orbit coupling model of Mayer and Haxel, Jensen, and Suess. This model suggests the filling of quantum states at certain intermediate points, and there is an accumulating amount of evidence that such 'sub shells' are also discernible, for example, at Z = 58 and Z = 64. The evidence from alpha radioactivity, both (1) the effect of the nuclear radius shrinkage on the relationship between energy and half-life and (2) the discontinuities in the plots of energy vs. mass number at constant Z, gives a striking indication of the closing of major shells at Z = 82 and N = 126. Application of these sensitive criteria as tests for the much smaller 'subshell' effects in the regions Z > 82 and N > 126 leads to some evidence for such a subshell at Z = 96 (curium).
Meiotic pairing in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chromosome pairing was examined in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines using the C-banding technique. It was found that both rye and wheat chromosomes affect each other's homologous pairing. The strongest diminution of wheat pairing (measured as bound arms per cell) was produced by chromosome 5R of rye (7.5 and 7.2% in 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). The weakest diminution of wheat pairing was produced by chromosome 3R in the 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' addition line (1.1%). The diminution of rye chromosome pairing produced by wheat chromosomes ranges from 6.9 to 48.4% ('Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). When put into a wheat background, the rye chromosomes suffer a worse fate than the wheat chromosomes. For example, chromosome 6R reduces the wheat complement pairing in the 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition line by 3.8% but its own pairing is reduced by 41.4%. The decrease in pairing of both wheat and rye homologous chromosomes in addition and substitution lines is a complex process in which factors such as genes controlling meiotic pairing, constitutive heterochromatin, and cryptic wheat–rye interactions can play important roles.
Studies in Mineral Nutrition of Laying Hens. I. The Manganese Requirement*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

IN RECENT years much research has been done to determine the qualitative and quantitative requirements of manga-nese in poultry nutrition. It seems to be an established fact that manganese is essen-tial in the prevention of perosis as shown by Wilgus, Norris, and Heuser (1936), in normal embryonic development as shown by Lyons and Insko (1937), and by young chicks for maintenance and normal bone formation as shown by Van der Horn, Bra-nion, and Graham (1938). But it is not yet quite clear what the role of manganese is in adult fowls, and what is the effect of some variations in the manganese content of the rations on laying hens, their produc-tion, and on the egg quality. Gallup and Norris (1939) reported that a deficiency of manganese in the diet of hens resulted in low egg production, high mortality of embryos, and decreased fertility, but this was observed when the ration contained 13 parts per million (milligrams per kilo-gram) of manganese. Lyons (1935) ob-served that poor egg shell quality resulted when the ration contained 7 p.p.m. of man-ganese. On the other hand, however, the com-mercial rations for laying hens usually con-tain 31 to 76 p.p.m. of manganese, with an average of 40-50 p.p.m. according to Smith (1938), which is much above the level pointed out as deficient by the authors cited.
A proinvasive role for the Ca2+‐activated K+ channel KCa3.1 in malignant glioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Main Points Using the NCI database, we found that upregulation of KCa3.1 correlates with poor prognosis in patients. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of KCa3.1 decreases glioma migration, as investigated in vitro and in situ in multiple glioma cell types, including patient‐derived xenograft‐propagated tumors. Glioma invasion is also attenuated by shRNA knockdown of KCa3.1 in tumor cells implanted in mice in vivo .
Specific Signaling Pathways Triggered by IL-2 in Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells: An Amalgamation of NK and αβ T Cell Signaling

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The global immune response can be simplified into two components: the innate and the acquired systems. The innate immune response comprises primarily macrophages and NK cells, while B and T cells orchestrate the acquired response. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells represent a minor T cell subpopulation in blood (1–5%) that is activated via the TCR by small nonpeptidic molecules. Their percentage dramatically increases during the early phase of infection by intracellular pathogens, and they display many characteristics of NK cells, which places them at a unique position within the immune system. Our aim was to explore the behavior of these cells when they are activated by a receptor that is common to NK and αβ T cells, and to determine signaling pathways and biological responses induced in these cells through this receptor. Thus, we investigated whether Vγ9Vδ2 T cells behave as NK cells or as αβ T cells. We demonstrated that IL-2 activates not only STAT3, STAT5, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 pathway, but also STAT4 as in NK cells, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as in αβ T cells. Moreover, IL-2 induces the production of IFN-γ in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as observed in NK cells. Due to their double profiles, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are at the interface of the innate and the acquired immune response and may therefore not only modulate the activity of innate cells, but also influence Th1/Th2 differentiation.
Economic Analysis of Azospirillum brasilense Inoculation Associated with Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers in Corn Production in the Brazilian Amazon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to economically estimate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense) associated with enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers on corn yield cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial scheme, resulting from the combination of the presence and absence of seeds inoculated with A. brasilense, three sources of N (conventional urea, urea with NBPT, N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, and polymer-coated urea), and five doses of N (0; 50; 100; 150; and 200 kg ha−1 of N), with six replications. Inoculation with A. brasilense promoted profit in corn, regardless of dose and the source of N applied. The urea with NBPT provided better economic return compared to polymer-coated urea and conventional urea sources, and doses of N applied in topdressing that promoted the highest economic return were 100 and 150 kg ha−1 of N, with an estimated increase of 62.33 and 135.53 bags ha−1 and increase of BRL 3253.76 and BRL 7074.88 respectively, compared to the control treatment.