jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Yeni bir metod olarak Fourier transform infrared spektroskopi kullanılarak mesane tümör rekürensinin saptanması.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urogenital cancers worldwide. Two techniques commonly used for bladder cancer diagnosis are urine cytology and cystoscopy. Cytology is not sensitive for detecting tumors. Cystoscopy is an invasive technique which disturbs patient comfort. In the current study, we used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as a novel method which is rapid and non-invasive to investigate the bladder tumor recurrence using the bladder wash samples collected in the course of control cystoscopy. This study is unique since it is the first one to use the bladder wash sample in the diagnosis of the bladder tumor by using FT-IR spectroscopy. Molecular investigation of the FT-IR spectra revealed many differences between control and tumor samples such as a considerable increase in protein, carbohydrate and nucleic acids content, and changes in protein and carbohydrate structure. On the basis of the spectral differences, cluster analysis was performed to differentiate between the control and tumorous spectra and we reached to an overall sensitivity (including all individuals with tumor) of 91.8%, a PUNLMP sensitivity of 83.3% and a papilloma sensitivity of 77.8% in spectral range 1444-1457 cm-1. Other spectral ranges also gave similar results. Our results showed that FT-IR spectroscopy can be used to detect the bladder tumors in bladder wash sample with higher sensitivity compared to cytology. In summary, we propose the utilization of the FT-IR spectroscopy for the detection of bladder tumors since specific spectral regions might be used as effective markers for the diagnosis.
GRANITOIDS OF THE ZACHATIVKA-FEDORIVKA ANTICLINE IN THE MANGUSH SYNCLINORIUM: GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES, ORIGIN, AND AGE (AZOV DOMAIN OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Paleoproterozoic crust formation in the Azov domain remains underexplored. In the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic, the Azov segment of the Archean crust was fragmented by large rift structures. This stage is associated with the formation of Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic sedimentary-volcanic complexes of the Central Azov Series (2.76-2.22 Ga) and extensive granitoid magmatism. The research aimed at studying granitoid intrusions in the Zachativka-Fedorivka anticline in the Mangush synclinorium of the Central Azov region from the geochemical perspective. Granitoids of the Zachativka-Fedorivka anticline in the Mangush synclinorium include granitoids and later pegmatoidal granites. Plagiogranitoids are moderate-potassium rocks of the K-Na series, with predominance of Na2O over K2O and low Rb/Sr ratio (0.03). They are divided into plagiogranites with low contents of HFS elements and positive europium anomalies and granodiorites with higher contents of HFS elements and predominantly negative europium anomalies. The U-Pb age of titanite from granodiorites is 2028±47 Ma. This age corresponds to the closure of the U-Pb isotope system of titanite and thus reflects the minimum age of granodiorite. The 207Pb/206Pb age of zircon from granites is 2.07-2.09 Ga. The formation of the Paleoproterozoic granitoids of the Central Azov may be related to the activization of the mantle beneath the Azov domain during the formation of the East Sarmatian orogen at ca. 2.1 Ga. They could have formed because of partial melting of the lower crust because of underplating of mafic melts. The 2.05 Ga old vein bodies of pegmatoidal subalkaline granites, were probably formed at the stage of collision of the Sarmatia and Volga-Ural continents.
Rupture of anterior cruciate ligaments and the Lever Test in diagnosis: a critical review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture is known to be one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in active individuals especially athletes. Approximately 200,000 ACL injuries occur every year, of which 100,000 require surgery. Once ruptured, it becomes very difficult to regain its previous function and it does not have the capacity to heal on its own. It is thus very important to diagnose an ACL rupture as early as possible. Clinicians need to perform a test which has a high sensitivity to rule out a negative test and specificity in order to rule in a positive test in the diagnosis. In this review four different tests (Lever Sign Test, Lachman Test, Anterior Drawer Test and Pivot Shift Test) are put to comparison and it is aimed to find the accuracy of the Lever Sign Test in diagnosing ruptured ACL as a diagnostic tool.
Clarifying the switching layer transformation through analysis of an abnormal I–V curves with increasing set compliance current in oxide-based resistive random access memory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work investigates an abnormal rising current in high resistance state (HRS) during the reset process that occurs when increasing the sweeping set compliance current (SCC). When the SCC is increased, the HRS current read at a lower voltage (−0.1 V) remains similar, yet exhibits a gradual rise when read at a higher voltage (−0.8 V). In order to clarify this abnormal phenomenon, the current fittings were performed to obtain the corresponding switching layer (SL) properties after set operations with different SCCs. Furthermore, COMSOL electric field simulations with different SL properties were executed to verify the mechanism.
Some Characteristics Of 5 GHz IITD-CEERIP Short Range Tropo Link

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical evaluation of path loss, correlation bandwidth and communication capabilities of 5 GHz, 158 km IIT Delhi—CEERI Pilani* troposcatter link has been carried out. Applicability of various methods and models has been discussed, Experimental observations on fading characteristics and spatial correlation have been found broadly in agreement with those reported in the literature. Presence of a wide and predominant peak around 12–13 Hz. has been observed in the spectral density of the fading envelope.
Rapid Schedules for Koh Clearing and Alizarin Red S Staining of Fetal Rat Bone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Various schedules for staining fetal rat skeleton with alizarin red S were tested to determine a procedure that would produce a completely cleared and well-stained specimen in a short period of time. A 2 day procedure is presented which can produce specimens that are satisfactory but not completely transparent. A 7 day procedure produces cleared and stained specimens which can be well visualized with a dissecting microscope (30×). Fetal rats of 21 days gestation were fixed in 10% formalin for at least 1 wk. The specimens were skinned and eviscerated and then dehydrated in 2 changes of acetone for 12 hr (8 ml per gram body weight). The specimens were then placed in 1% KOM-alizarin red S (6 mg/liter) or 3 days, followed by 10% KOH-alizarin red S for 3 days. Finally, the specimens were placed in a mixture of benzyl alcohol, ethanol, and glycerol (1:2:2) (4 ml per gram body weight) for 12 hr, and then transferred to pure glycerol for storage.
SUBHDIP: process variations tolerant subthreshold Darlington pair‐based NBTI sensor circuit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aggressive technology scaling has inevitably led to reliability becomes a major concern for modern high‐speed and high‐performance integrated circuits. The major reliability concerns in nanoscale very‐large‐scale integration design are the time‐dependent negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation. Owing to increasing vertical oxide field and higher operating temperature, the threshold voltage of P‐channel MOS transistors increases with time under NBTI. This study presents a novel subthreshold Darlington pair‐based NBTI degradation sensor under the stress conditions. The proposed sensor provides the high degree of linearity and sensitivity under subthreshold conditions. The Darlington pair used in the circuit provides the stability and the high‐input impedance of the circuit makes it less affected by the process variations. Owing to high sensitivity, the proposed sensor is best suited for sensing of temperature variation, process variation, and temporal degradation during measurement. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor at room temperature is 0.239 mV/nA under subthreshold conditions. The proposed sensor is less affected by the process variation and has the maximum deviation of 0.0011 mV at standby leakage current of 30 nA.
Stigma and Disadvantage

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Stigma is the devaluation of an individual or group that is based on social identity and leads to status loss and other negative outcomes. Although there are variations in the manifestation of stigma, the existence of stigma is pervasive, transcending time and culture. Moreover, stigma has the potential to cause profound harm across virtually every facet of a stigmatized person’s life. At the same time, there is tremendous variation across individuals and groups in the experience of stigma. Stigmas vary in concealability, the circumstances under which they originate, and the extent to which they change over time, interfere with social interactions, are considered disgusting, and are perceived as posing a danger to others. Functional approaches to stigma posit that stigma can serve to encourage the exploitation of outgroups for ingroup gain, enforce norms within a group, or encourage disease avoidance behaviors. Stigma is enacted at a structural level when societal norms, laws, and policies harm the ability of stigmatized groups to access resources and safety. Interpersonal stigma occurs when stereotypes, prejudice, and other negative biases lead individuals to intentionally or unintentionally discriminate against members of stigmatized groups. The hallmark characteristic of a stigma approach to the study of inequality and disadvantage is a focus on the psychological experience of people who belong to stigmatized groups. People who belong to stigmatized groups are generally aware of their disadvantaged status and the devaluation of their group. This awareness sets the stage for a variety of psychological processes to unfold including felt stigma, internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and social identity threat. People who experience stigma cope with the stress posed by stigma in a variety of ways. Three well-established mechanisms for coping with stigma include identifying with the group, distancing from the group, and engaging in collective action to improve the status of the group. Stigma can influence a variety of life outcomes including, but not limited to, health and well-being, interpersonal relationships, education, and work outcomes. Interventions can both reduce the prevalence of stigma and mitigate the harmful consequences of stigma.
The human interest story of American chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe human interest story of American chemistryCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 9, 51APublication Date (Print):September 24, 1952Publication History Published online3 May 2012Published inissue 24 September 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60069a761RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (510 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Relationship Marketing and Customers’ Revisit Intention to Hotels in Calabar, Cross River State

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study focused on relationship marketing and customers’ revisit intention to hotels in Calabar, Cross River State. The objective was to investigate the impact of variables such as customer loyalty, customer service, trust establishment, communication, and quality service provision on customers' likelihood to revisit hotels. The study used a cross-sectional survey as its research approach. Primary data was collected from 276 hotel patrons in Calabar using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and comprehend the data in SPSS 23, while multiple linear regression was used to assess the hypotheses. The study revealed that hotels in Calabar had a higher likelihood of customer retention when they placed a strong emphasis on customer loyalty, attentiveness, reliability, effective communication, and exceptional service. As a result, the investigation indicated, among other findings: Hotels can enhance customer commitment and increase revisit intention by personalizing guest experiences, offering exclusive loyalty rewards, and consistently seeking and incorporating customer feedback to individual preferences. To foster trust and encourage customer repeat patronage, and respond promptly to customers’ inquiries, thereby fostering positive engagements that encourage repeat visits.
Representation as Responsiveness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Develops a theory of representation that can guide the democratization of societies of great and even global scope. Kuper elucidates the institutional conditions necessary for (1) good judgements about interests to be made, (2) by adequately informed and capable agents, (3) who are empowered and constrained to act on such judgements responsibly. He argues that elections, competitive party politics, the classical tripartite separation of powers, media, and civil society are insufficient mechanisms for securing such substantive representation. He proposes an alternative institutional configuration, a new ‘plurality of powers’ that supplements and transforms these mechanisms. Among Kuper’s proposals for new institutions are: ‘advocacy and accountability agencies’ that will reduce power imbalances; a global ‘Charter of Obligations’ that will reduce bureaucracy; and a vision of ‘responsive global citizenship’ that will reduce citizen passivity. These innovations will enable citizens to exercise greater control, and enable representatives to act more effectively, than under a system of states.
Consecutive percutaneous valve‐in‐valve replacement late after ross procedure: A novel approach in an adult with congenital heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The emergence of transcatheter valve technology over the last decade has made significant impact on the treatment of patients with valvular heart disease. There has been increasing experience with both native and valve‐in‐valve indications with promising results. We present the case of a young woman with congenital heart disease who underwent the Ross procedure for bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis with subsequent reoperation and surgical aortic valve replacement for neo‐aortic root dilation who experienced worsening symptoms related to both pulmonary and aortic valve dysfunction. She was successfully treated with percutaneous pulmonary and aortic valve replacement with excellent early term technical results and marked improvement in symptoms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building a Network of Support for New Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In response to the high attrition rate of new teachers, more and more induction programs are being implemented across the country. Current financial constraints, coupled with no systematic way to coordinate resources across schools and state organizations, present a challenge to many small or poorly funded schools and districts. In this article, we provide background information on the context of induction and mentoring in the United States, followed by a description of a statewide induction project that seeks to create a collaborative network of support across institutions in the absence of any state-funded program. An analysis of the issues and promises involved in such collaboration is provided that offers the field an important conceptual lens for thinking about induction and mentoring processes in new ways.
Conflicting belief systems: some implications for education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article the conceptions of knowledge and time within Christianity, secular humanism and traditional African religion are juxtaposed. In order to emphasise the vital role o f belief systems in the field of education, some educational implications are inferred from these different conceptions of knowledge and time. The need to create enough space within the South African education system so that parents will be able to send their children to schools where education is conducted according to their particular belief systems is also foregrounded.
Newfoundland, Economic and Political III. Basic Problems of Government in Newfoundland

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It would be presumptuous for a Canadian to comment critically on the affairs, of Newfoundland—particularly as a native of a country which has done its share of bullying a small neighbour and of a country which can scarcely point the finger of scorn on grounds of bad government. Charges of corruption heard in Newfoundland fall on attuned Canadian ears—and it would probably not be difficult to find specific instances of scandal in the history of government in Canada which would match those of Newfoundland. Nevertheless a student of the economic history of both countries may be forgiven for reflections suggested by comparisons and contrasts. In common with other maritime regions, Newfoundland throughout her history has faced the sea, and she has been the last to feel the effects of the pull of the North American continent. The railroad from St. John's to Port aux Basques brought her in direct touch with North America viá Sydney. Canadian bankers assumed control in the island after the crash in 1894. With the turn of the century the steel mills of Nova Scotia began to draw on the iron mines of Wabana. While British industrialism penetrated Newfoundland in the construction of paper mills, it was significant that Cornerbrook on the west coast was sold to International. Industrialism, particularly as evident in transportation, linked Newfoundland more closely to the continent, to mention only the demands for coal and oil.
Study protocol: a multicentre, prospective, phase II trial of isotoxic hypofractionated concurrent chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with conventional fractionation has been acknowledged as one of the standard treatments for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The radiotherapy dose of 60 Gy is far from enough for local tumour control. Due to this fact, hypofractionated radiotherapy can shorten the total treatment duration, partially counteract the accelerated repopulation of tumour cells and deliver a higher biological effective dose, it has been increasingly used for NSCLC. In theory, concurrent hypofractionated chemoradiotherapy can result in an enhanced curative effect. To date, the vast majority of radiotherapy prescriptions assign a uniform radiotherapy dose to all patients. However this kind of uniform radiotherapy prescription may lead to two consequences: excess damage to normal tissues for large tumours and insufficient dose for small tumours. Our study aims to evaluate whether delivering individualised radiotherapy dose is feasible using intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Methods and analysis Our study of individualised radiotherapy is a multicenter phase II trial. From April 2019, a total of 30 patients from three Chinese centres, with a proven histological or cytological diagnosis of inoperable NSCLC, will be recruited. The dose of radiation will be increased until one or more of the organs at risk tolerance or the maximum dose of 69 Gy is reached. The primary end point is feasibility, with response rates, progression-free survival and overall survival as secondary end points. The concurrent chemotherapy regimen will be docetaxel plus lobaplatin. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by medical ethics committees from three research centres. The trial is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The trial results will be disseminated through academic conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number NCT03606239
Understanding perceived effectiveness of a novel coastal management project: The case of the Bacton-Walcott sandscaping scheme, UK

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Adaptation at actively receding coastal areas requires swift and long-term solutions that build resilience for both people and the environment. Nature-based solutions are increasingly being promoted over hard defences, but there is a lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of novel approaches, including those deployed at different scales. Sandscaping, a one-off large-scale deposition of sand (1.8 M m 3 ) on a beach frontage, was implemented for the first time in the UK at a section of beach between Bacton and Walcott villages, in North Norfolk, in 2019. The purpose of sandscaping in this location was primarily to protect the nationally important gas terminal, and neighbouring villages from coastal erosion and flooding. This study investigates the perceived effectiveness and impacts of sandscaping on coastal residents, by eliciting views of residents in the two closest villages to the scheme, and comparing findings to geomorphological observations (using LiDAR data). A survey of Bacton and Walcott residents was distributed in January 2022, with n=77 responses. Results reveal wide differences in perceptions, and notable levels of doubt, on the ‘effectiveness’ of sandscaping at present and in the future, alongside different lived experiences of the scheme and prevailing distrust by some residents about coastal management. Keeping residents updated on changes to sandscaping with environmental data and communicating the advantages of nature-based solutions appear relevant in this context, but the diversity and contrast of resident perceptions illustrates deeper challenges for future coastal management planning. There is a need to think through how future coastal change can be planned for, drawing upon multiple social perspectives. This paper also illustrates that ‘effectiveness’ of sandscaping should be more widely examined in relation to the experiences and perspectives of those impacted by the scheme, and beyond evaluations of geomorphological change.
Case Study in Music Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses the widespread prevalence of case studies and the role they play in music education research. It has five goals: to address divergent definitions of case study; to represent key dimensions of case studies drawn from these definitions in a diagram; to address common criticisms and misconceptions related to tensions between theoretical and context-dependent knowledge, generalizability, and rigor; to apply resulting analytical insights to select case studies drawn from music education journals; and to propose avenues for improving the overall impact and utility of case studies within music education based on their particularity and complexity.