jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Peningkatan Mutu Sekolah Melalui Pengawasan Proses Belajar Mengajar (Studi Kasus: di SMPN 26 Baru Kota Malang)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Headmaster leadership is the determinant of the school future. The very prominent role and important by headmaster is the learning supervision role. This research aimed at knowing the headmaster leaderships style of SMPN 26 (State Junior High School 26) of Malang city in improving the education quality, knowing the headmaster role of SMPN 26 of Malang City in implementing the supervision role to improve the learning process in school, knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors of the headmaster of SMPN 26 of Malang city in implementing the supervision role in improving the learning process in school. Data were collected by document analysis, observation and depth interview to 5 teachers, vice headmaster of curriculum, vice headmaster, public relations staffs, headmaster, and were analyzed with descriptive qualitative approach technique. Based on data analysis , showed that ( 1 ) headmaster leadership style of SMPN 26 of Malang city tend to use democratic participative leadership and authoritarian leadership style in urgent condition ( 2 ) the headmaster role of SMPN 26 of Malang city in improving the learning process by giving intensive cultivation to the teachers through individual supervision, direct class observation ( 3 ) the implementation of direct class supervision observation was influenced by external factors,either supporting or inhibiting factors.
RELATIONSHIP OF DAILY TIME SPENT OUTDOORS WITH SLEEP QUALITY AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS DURING COVID-19 RESTRICTIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Given the recent constraints imposed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of the daily light-dark cycle for entraining the human circadian system, it is possible to state that the elderly are likely to be at serious risk of experiencing sleep-related problems. Whilst reduced or limited time outdoors, and thus, exposure to diurnal bright light appear to be detrimental to sleep and emotional well-being in old age, further research is required to confirm this relationship. Materials and Method: To build on earlier work, a two-week study was conducted in a sample of 79 community-dwelling older adults recruited by using snowball sampling method. Throughout the study, the participants were allowed to be outdoors from 10.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m. on weekdays. Whilst the participants were performing their daily habitual activities, they were asked to keep an activity diary and report on their sleep quality and emotional wellbeing using two questionnaires. Results: The results demonstrated that participants’ daily time spent outdoors (49.13 minutes on average) positively correlated with their perceived sleep quality and emotional well-being at various –– but significant –– levels (p<0.05). Moreover, significant negative correlations were identified between participants’ sleep quality and experienced emotional disturbances (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is reasonable to conclude that spending momentary periods outdoors may have adverse consequences for the elderly. To maintain a healthy sleep-wake cycle and alleviate related emotional problems in old age, increasing outdoor time and diurnal bright light exposure should be encouraged.
Material characterization and analysis of compliant behavior of an abrasive flap wheel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Compliant tools such as abrasive coated cloth, paper, and abrasive flap wheels are commonly used in manufacturing finishing processes, especially in the aerospace and precision engineering industry. Although such tools have been in use for a long time for polishing, the mechanical behavior and material removal mechanisms of many of these tools have not been understood and documented fully, as it has been done for conventional grinding. The objective of the project is to determine material properties of the abrasive flap material that affect its bending behavior and also to design and simulate the flap 's bending behavior under static loading conditions using a finite element software. The material properties determined through the experiments were validated by the finite element models simulating real life behavior of the flap material during one such experiments. There is a huge variety of abrasive flap materials available and their material properties and mechanical behavior is largely undocumented or proprietary. The experiments were conducted on an abrasive cloth material used in one of the commercially available abrasive flap wheel models from Ban Chu Leong Technologies Pte Ltd. The general limitations of this research work are, the conclusions drawn from this research work directly pertain only to the particular type of abrasive clothing under analysis. Moreover the analysis is limited to modelling static loading behavior of a single flap and does not take in to account dynamic effects. Further research work along the same lines may lead to improved models that can be used to predict the compliant behavior of similar materials. Keywords: Compliant tools, Flap wheels, bending modulus, polishing, large deflection
P62 plasmid can alleviate diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A high-calorie diet (HCD) induces two mutually exacerbating effects contributing to diet-induced obesity (DIO): impaired glucose metabolism and increased food consumption. A link between the metabolic and behavioral manifestations is not well understood yet. We hypothesized that chronic inflammation induced by HCD plays a key role in linking together the two components of diet-induced pathology. Based on this hypothesis, we tested if a plasmid (DNA vaccine) encoding p62 (SQSTM1) would alleviate DIO including its metabolic and/or food consumption abnormalities. Previously we reported that injections of the p62 plasmid reduce chronic inflammation during ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Here we found that the p62 plasmid reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-12, and INFγ and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and TGFβ in HCD-fed animals. Due to this anti-inflammatory response, we further tested whether the plasmid can alleviate HCD-induced obesity and associated metabolic and feeding impairments. Indeed, p62 plasmid significantly reversed effects of HCD on the body mass index (BMI), levels of glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, p62 plasmid partially restored levels of the satiety hormone, serotonin, and tryptophan, simultaneously reducing activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain affected by the HCD. Finally, the plasmid partially reversed increased food consumption caused by HCD. Therefore, the administering of p62 plasmid alleviates both metabolic and behavioral components of HCD-induced obesity.
Knowledge Building and Knowledge Forum: Getting Started With Pedagogy and Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Knowledge Building provides a model of education for a knowledge age—a model of collective responsibility for idea improvement. This article provides two examples of getting started with the pedagogy and the technology, one from Senior Kindergarten, with students working together to understand why leaves change color in the fall, and the other from Grade 1, featuring explorations of the water cycle. In addition to the classroom work that is reported, commentary on school practices from a Librarian-Technology coordinator and Vice Principal are included to provide a broader school perspective on the work presented in this article.
Anterior-Posterior Connectivity within the Default Mode Network Increases During Maturation.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The default mode network (DMN) supports self-referential thought processes important for successful socialization including: theory-of-mind, episodic memory, and prospection. Connectivity between DMN's nodes, which are distributed between the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, change with age and may continue changing into adulthood. We have previously explored the maturation of functional connections in the DMN as they relate to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children 6 to 18 years of age. In this chapter, we refine our earlier study of DMN functional maturation by focusing on the development of inter-nodal connectivity in a larger pool of typically developing people 6 to 25 years of age (mean = 13.22 years ± 5.36 s.d.; N = 36; 42% female). Correlations in BOLD activity (Fisher's Z) between ROIs revealed varying strengths of functional connectivity between regions, the strongest of which was between the left and right inferior parietal lobules or IPLs (Z = 0.62 ± 0.25 s.d.) and the weakest of which was between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right middle temporal gyrus or MTG (Z = 0.06 ± 0.22 s.d.). Further, connectivity between two pairs of DMN nodes significantly increased as a quadratic function of age (p < 0.05), specifically the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC) and PCC nodes and the left IPL and right MTG nodes. The correlation between ACC/mPFC ↔ PCC connectivity and age was more significant than the correlation between left IPL ↔ right MTG connectivity and age by more than an order of magnitude. We suggest that these changes in functional connectivity in part underlie the introspective mental changes known to commonly occur between the preadolescent and adult years. A range of neurological and psychological conditions that hamper social interactions, from ASD to psychopathy, may be marked by deviations from this maturational trajectory.
Bibliography

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Heutzutage kontrollieren Facebook und co. immer mehr Aspekte des alltäglichen Lebens und der Wirtschaft. Dabei stellen ihre datengetriebenen Geschäftsmodelle insbesondere das Kartellrecht vor neue Herausforderungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht das Buch das Zusammenspiel von Kartell- und Datenschutzrecht im europäischen Kontext und soll aufzeigen, ob man den chronischen Datenschutzrechtsverletzungen in der digitalen Wirtschaft auch mit dem europäischen Kartellrecht beikommen kann. Den Schwerpunkt des Werks bilden die Untersuchungen, ob Datenschutzgrundsätze bei der Anwendung des Art. 102 AEUV berücksichtigt werden können und welche alternativen Lösungsmöglichkeiten zur kartellrechtlichen Regulierung von Facebook und co. bestehen.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhombohedral LaCuO3: High‐Pressure Synthesis of Single Crystals and Structure Refinement.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A micropower low-voltage multiplier with reduced spurious switching

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We describe a micropower 16 16-bit multiplier \n \n(18.8 W/MHz @1.1 V) for low-voltage power-critical low speed ( 5 MHz) applications including hearing aids. We achieve the micropower operation by substantially reducing (by 62% and 79% compared to conventional 16 16-bit and 32 32-bit designs respectively) the spurious switching in the Adder Block in the multiplier. The approach taken is to use latches to synchronize the inputs to the adders in the Adder Block in a predetermined chronological sequence. The hardware penalty of the latches is small because the latches are integrated (as opposed to external latches) into the adder, termed the Latch Adder (LA). By means of the LAs and timing, the number of switchings (spurious and that for computation) is reduced from 5 6 and 10 per adder in the Adder Block in conventional 16 16-bit and 32 32-bit designs respectively to 2 in our designs. Based on simulations and measurements on prototype ICs (0.35 m three metal dual poly CMOS process), we show that our 16 16-bit design dissipates 32% less power, is 20% slower but has 20% better energy-delay-product (EDP) than conventional 16 16-bit multipliers. Our 32 32-bit design is estimated to dissipate 53% less power, 29% slower but is 39% better EDP than the conventional general multiplier.
Hydrodynamics of a forced riffle pool in a gravel bed river: 2. Scale and structure of coherent turbulent events

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the companion article, we present mean velocity and turbulence intensity statistics at a range of discharges in a forced riffle pool unit and show that the distributions of mean velocity and turbulence are characteristic of nonuniform flows. The objectives of this paper are to describe the spatial and temporal variability of the structure of turbulence in the forced riffle pool unit and to examine turbulence generation mechanisms and the links between the scales of macrobed forms and coherent turbulent flow structures. Our results show that while larger‐scale structures develop outside of the thalweg, the scales of coherent turbulent flow structures decrease with velocity and discharge in the forced riffle pool. Flow separation is shown to be an important factor, with full separation occurring in lateral shear zones and intermittent separation near the bed in the pool head. These zones generate new turbulence that disrupts a number of coherent turbulent flow structures that are typical of uniform flows. Coherent turbulent flow structures do not appear to be the source of morphological scaling in the forced riffle pool.
Campbell Standards: Modernizing Campbell's Methodologic Expectations for Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The authors formed a small working group to modernize the Methodological Expectations for Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR). We reviewed comments and feedback from editors, peer reviewers of Campbell submissions, and authors; for example, that the Campbell MECCIR was long and some of the items in the reporting and conduct checklists were difficult to cross‐reference. We also wanted to make the checklist more relevant for reviews of associations or risk factors and other quantitative non‐intervention review types, which we welcome in Campbell. Thus, our aim was to develop a shorter, more holistic guidance and checklist of Campbell Standards, encompassing both conduct and reporting of these standards within the same checklist. Methods Our updated Campbell Standards will be a living document. To develop this first iteration, we invited Campbell members to join a virtual working group; we sought experience in conducting Campbell systematic reviews and in conducting methods editor reviews for Campbell. We aligned the items from the MECCIR for conduct and reporting, then compared the principles of conduct that apply across review types to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA)‐literature search extension (S) and PRISMA‐2020 reporting standards. We discussed each section with the aim of developing a parsimonious checklist with explanatory guidance while avoiding losing important concepts that are relevant to all types of reviews. We held nine meetings to discuss each section in detail between September 2022 and March 2023. We circulated this initial checklist and guidance to all Campbell editors, methods editors, information specialists and co‐chairs to seek their feedback. All feedback was discussed by the working group and incorporated to the Standards or, if not incorporated, a formal response was returned about the rationale for why the feedback was not incorporated. Campbell Policy The guidance includes seven main sections with 35 items multifaceted but distinct concepts that authors must adhere to when conducting Campbell reviews. Authors and reviewers must be mindful that multiple factors need to be assessed for each item. According to the Campbell Standards, the reporting of Campbell reviews must adhere to appropriate PRISMA reporting guidelines(s) such as PRISMA‐2020. How to Use The editorial board recommends authors use the checklist during their work in formulating their protocol, carrying out their review, and reporting it. Authors will be asked to submit a completed checklist with their submission. We plan to develop an online tool to facilitate use of the form by author teams and those reviewing submissions. Providing Feedback We invite the scientific community to provide their comments using this anonymous google form . Plan for Updating We will update the Campbell Standards periodically in light of new evidence.
Religion Within and Beyond Borders: The

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors analyse religiosity in Croatia from the point of view of significant differences among its regions demonstrating an array of theoretical and meth-odological difficulties in interpreting religious changes in the post-Communist era, particularly the revitalization of religion in some countries and the contra-dictory social role of religion in most countries of Central and Eastern Europe. That the differences in religiosity between Croatian regions are connected to borders with countries of different religions, nations and/or languages and with the historical as well as recent social processes is very visible. Apart from the dominant paradigms of explanation (differences in historical processes and the trend of politicization of religion and ‘‘religionization’ ’ of politics in the transi-tional period), the authors suggest that the possible influence of politicization must be considered over a much longer historical period, that different patterns of socio-religious development have long-lasting consequences and that the role of religion as a cultural resource for individuals and for social groups must not be neglected.
School Practitioners' Perceptions of the Behavioral Multi-tiered Systems of Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of the Multitiered Systems of Supports framework is a tool used by schools to address the needs of students through assessment, intervention and progress monitoring to improve student outcomes. Over time, this framework has expanded from academic interventions to include interventions addressing student behavior and mental health. This dissertation explored fidelity of intervention through perceptions of school practitioners implementing such interventions. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the essence of school practitioners' experiences with behavioral interventions, with the goal to understand how school practitioner perceptions impact behavior intervention implementation in the school setting. This phenomenological study included one on one interviews with a sample of school counselors, behavior specialists and prevention specialists in a K-8 environment. Additionally, a focus group with representation from all three school practitioner groups was conducted. In vivo coding and a focused coding methodology were employed to identify themes in the research to drive future planning of behavioral interventions. Key words: MTSS, PBIS, behavioral interventions, perceptions of behavioral interventions, student mental health
Identifying Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Seizures in Children with Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The occurrence of seizures in bacterial meningitis is important, as it has been reported to increase the risk of complications; however, its frequency and predictors are not well studied yet. Objective: To assess the frequency, clinical, and biochemical predictors of seizures in children with acute bacterial meningitis. Method: A cross-sectional study recruited confirmed acute bacterial meningitis cases based on positive CSF culture and sensitivity among children aged 2 months to 15 years admitted to the Central Child Teaching Hospital emergency department in Iraq. Patients were divided into two groups based on seizure at presentation time. Demographic characteristics [age, gender, residence, duration of fever and disease, presenting complaints and antibiotic intake]; hematological [WBC, neutrophils] Lymphocyte, N/L ratio, packed cell volume, platelets, blood sugar, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices were compared between groups. Results: Seizures had a frequency of 18% among the 122 children and were significantly higher in younger cases with female predominance. By multivariate analysis and odds ratio (OR), predictors for seizure were as follows: CSF lymphocytes (OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.08–0.26), lethargy (OR=8.15, 95%CI=1.03-68.65), headache (OR=0.09, 95%CI=0.02-0.45), neck stiffness (OR=0.07, 95% CI=0.01-0.61) and poor feeding (OR=4.8, 95%CI=1.21–18.97). Conclusions: CSF lymphocytes reliably predicted seizures with good sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 73%. Lethargy and poor feeding had the highest odds as clinical predictors of seizures. Together, those results can help with risk stratification and allocate resources for high-risk cases to improve patient outcomes.
Article 9, Developing Country Members

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Chapter 9 explains the provisions contained in the Agreement on Safeguards in order to provide special and differential treatment for the benefit of developing countries. It notes that Articles 9.1 and 9.2 are provisions that refer to different aspects of this treatment. Article 9.1 allows the exclusion of imports from developing countries if they are introduced below certain individual and collective thresholds. It is an obligation that arises at the time of application of a safeguard measure and there is no requirement to explain the exclusion of these countries. Article 9.2, on the other hand, is a provision that allows developing countries to impose safeguard measures beyond the maximum period provided in Article 7 of the agreement. While the prerogative is contemplated in the national legislation of some developing countries, there has never been a safeguard measure that has been notified to the WTO with a duration permitted in Article 9.2.
The Generation of Ultrahigh Repetition-Rate OAM Frequency Combs in Dual-Concentric Germania-Doped Ring-Core Fiber

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We theoretically demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) frequency combs induced by dissipative Faraday instability (DFI) mechanism in a 2-μm waveband Mamyshev oscillator. Dual-concentric Germania-doped ring-core fibers are specially designed with flat normal dispersion curves for different OAM modes, inhibiting the Benjamin-Feir instability and facilitating phase matching conditions for broadband frequency comb generation. The frequency comb tooth spacing scales up to ∼100 GHz, which matches well with the Floquet linear stability analysis by Ikeda map. Our investigations might benefit the development of OAM frequency combs for a variety of further applications including communication.