jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Post-mortem examination of the heart in cases of sudden death.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sudden unexpected death is an important topic of forensic medicine. Several papers have been published on the morphological changes of the coronary arteries and the myocardium in sudden cardiac death. Forensic pathology demands more and more accurate methods of postmortem diagnosis of early ischaemic lesions of the heart muscle that occur shortly before death and which, in the absence of other explanations, may presumably be related to the cause of death. The cause of death is often evident from post-mortem findings, still in a number of cases the diagnosis may be doubtful. The application of electron microscopy has increased rapidly over recent years and the electron microscopic investigation of post-mortem biopsy material may be useful in narrowing down the cause of death. This report presents the results of electron microscopic and cytochemical studies of the myocardium in cases when death had occurred at a precisely recorded time.
Additional file 6: of High-density lipoproteins suppress Aβ-induced PBMC adhesion to human endothelial cells in bioengineered vessels and in monoculture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adhesion molecules are enhanced by TNF-α but not Aβ.(a-c) hCMEC/D3 were primed with 100 μg/mL HDL for 2 h followed by stimulation with 1 ng/mL TNF-α for 3 h. Cell lysates were prepared in RIPA and protein levels of (a) ICAM-1 and (b) VCAM-1 were measured by denaturing immunoblotting (c). (d-g) hCMEC/D3 were stimulated with monomeric (d,f) Aβ40 or (e,g) Aβ42 at the indicated concentrations and (d,e) ICAM-1 and (f,g) VCAM-1 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. (h-j) Following Aβ stimulation, cell surface proteins were biotinylated and isolated by immunoprecipitation. Protein levels of cell surface and total (h) ICAM-1 and (i) VCAM-1 were measured by denaturing immunoblotting (j). (k-m) hCMEC/D3 were pre-treated with 100 μg/mL of HDL for 2 h followed by stimulation with Aβ. After 3 h total and cell surface ICAM-1 expression were measured as above. Graphs represent means ± SD from at least 3 independent trials. ***p
The Penalties for the Violation of Separation: A Comparison between the United States and France

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract How do the United States and France guarantee that their proclamations of non-establishment and separation are respected? These two countries employ different types of tools to preserve and protect separation, directly rooted in the contexts from which they differently emerged – the writing of the Constitution in the U.S. and the 1905 law of separation in France: fiscal or financial in the United States, penal in France. This article analyses in detail how these various tools have emerged and developed throughout the 20th century. Since the 1980s, increasing political and judicial struggles raised by the development of new minority faiths (namely Islam) in France and Christian fundamentalism in the U.S. have caused a\ quasi-abandonment of the tools protecting separation that has contributed to regressions, back to the regimes the framers of the Constitution in the United States and authors of the law of 1905 in France respectively sought to abandon: the establishment or the state control of religion.
Personal adjustment during pregnancy and adolescent parenting.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined "naturally occurring differences" in personal adjustment (social competence, behavior problems, and problem-solving skills) among representative groups of pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents and pregnant adults. Differences in parenting stress and parenting style were also assessed among a subsample of adolescent and adult mothers. Finally, the relationship between prenatally assessed personal adjustment and parenting was evaluated in the adolescent mother group. The contributions of important demographic characteristics (socioeconomic status and race) to both between- and within-group relationships were examined. Results suggested that pregnant adolescents were less socially competent and less proficient in their problem solving than their nonpregnant peers and that they exhibited more behavioral problems than a pregnant adult comparison group. Adolescent mothers displayed higher levels of parenting stress and were less responsive and sensitive in interactions with their infants than adult mothers. Support for the hypothesized link between prenatally assessed personal adjustment and adolescent parenting stress was found, whereas no relationship between socioeconomic status and race and parenting stress was established. These results suggest that intervention with young mothers identified during pregnancy as having personal problems might forestall parenting problems that arise during early child rearing.
Accelerating the transition to circular consumption models: the example of the AGEC law in France

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The NGO HOP contributed to drafting the AGEC act (Anti-Gaspillage et Economie Circulaire) [Anti-Waste and Circular Economy] adopted by the French parliament in early 2020. HOP was an active member of the working groups that prepared sections of the new law dealing with repairability and extending the working life of electrical and electronic products. Working with government, manufacturers, retailers and repair specialists, organizations like HOP worked to represent consumers’ interests, helping to ensure the adoption of a repairability index that will help consumers understand the extent to which certain categories of products can be repaired.The process that ultimately led to the AGEC law also led to the establishment of a repair fund intended to lower the ultimate repair cost paid by consumers. These mechanisms should help to shift people’s thinking. It is hoped they will also encourage manufacturers and retailers to improve their practices so that they offer products that are easier to repair and last longer. They may also encourage consumers to choose products that are more respectful of the environment.
Attributes of Organic Phosphorus Exported from a Central Indiana Agricultural Watershed: Effects of Season and Hydrologic Flowpath

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The export of phosphorus (P) from agricultural watersheds has been extensively investigated but monitoring efforts have generally focused on inorganic P (Pi or soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP]), the P fraction thought to be immediately available to algae. However, in settings where no-till management is implemented and organic matter accumulates on soil surface, the amount of organic P (Po) in agricultural drainage waters can be significant and may represent another important P source to fuel algal growth in receiving water bodies. From a 2018 monitoring study at a Central Indiana agricultural watershed, measured total P and SRP loss amounted to 1.22 and 0.17 kg P/ha/year, respectively, indicating that the bulk (84%) of P exported from that watershed was in organic form. Results also showed that tile drainage was the main pathway for P transport (96% of Po loss). In light of these observations, the bioavailability of Po in agricultural drainage waters was investigated in 2019, and the effect of hydrologic flow path (surface versus subsurface flow) on the biochemical attributes of Po was examined. In these assessments, the iron strip method and a suite of enzymatic assays were used to gain a better understanding of the chemical composition of the exported Po. Higher concentration of labile Po was consistently measured in tile discharge than in surface runoff (59% versus 38% of the total bioavailable P). Further, the concentration of EHP (enzymatically hydrolysable P), in the form of monoester, diester, and phytate compounds, was highest during the summer season, for both tile and surface pathways. This elevated bioavailability of Po during the summer is a concern because, in combination with favorable water temperature and solar radiation during that period, this could lead to enhanced Po mineralization and release of Pi, resulting in further algal proliferation and continued degradation of water quality. Considering the high prevalence of tile drainage in agricultural landscapes of the US Midwest, this finding underscores the need for further investigation of the impact of land management and climate on the speciation and bioavailability of Po in the region’s agricultural waters.
[Gas chromatography determination of atropine, theophylline, phenobarbital and aminophenazone in tablets].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A GLC method consisting of two runs has been developed for the quantitative determination of atropine, theophylline, phenobarbital and aminophenazone in tablets. By using simple extraction procedures two fractions are obtained. Atropine is silylated with BSA and homatropine is applied as the internal standard. Theophylline, phenobarbital and aminophenazone are treated with trimethylphenylammonium acetate and amobarbital is used as the internal standard. Separations are carried out on 3% OV 1 at 160 degrees C and 210 degrees C. The method is applicable for determining atropine even when its amount is 0.07% of that of the sample. The procedure presented here provides possibilities for the assay of these compounds in various dosage forms.
Abstract LB-78: Effects of rapamycin and fasting-cycles therapy on differential stress resistance and sensitization in breast cancer mouse models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Short-term starvation (STS) has been shown to be effective in both protection of normal cell and tissues and the sensitization of a variety of tumors during chemotherapy treatment. This condition of protection/sensitization of different cell types under the same condition has been named differential stress resistance (DSR). Although the effects of fasting have been mainly attributed to reduced glucose and circulating IGF1 levels, the involvement of signaling genes regulated by glucose and growth factors in these effects of fasting remain poorly understood. In this study we have administered the mTor inhibitor rapamycin in combination with STS and with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin to shed light on the role of mTOR in the STS response and on its role in mediating DSR. In a mouse allograft model for breast cancer (4T1) we show that STS and rapamycin have an additive effect in reducing tumor progression, which confirms the possibility that STS-mediated effects on cancer cells are not due to the up-regulation of mTOR. Surprisingly, we observed that the administration of rapamycin during chemotherapy sensitizes the mice to the drug leading to an increased mortality. However, this sensitizing effect could be reversed by STS. In summary, the combination of mTor inhibition by rapamycin and STS have additive effects in retarding breast cancer tumor growth and also prevent the chemotherapy-dependent sensitization of normal cells caused by rapamycin alone. Because rapamycin is used for the treatment of certain tumors in humans, these results may have important implications for the safety of therapies using a combination of rapamycin and chemotherapy and indicate that the combination of Tor inhibitors and STS should be tested clinically. Citation Format: Stefano Di Biase, Sebastian Brandorst, Min Wei, Valter Longo. Effects of rapamycin and fasting-cycles therapy on differential stress resistance and sensitization in breast cancer mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-78. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-78
Structural Analysis of the C-Terminal RNA Binding Domain of CPEB3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1273-Pos Board B183 A Biophysical Study of the Hepatitis C Virus 5’Untranslated Region Interactions with MIR-122 Valerie Schrott, Stanley M. Lemon, M. Rita Mihailescu. The liver-specific microRNA, miR-122 has been shown to be involved in positively regulating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), which infects on average 3.2 million Americans. Emerging evidence in the literature suggests that miR-122 binds to two seed sequences (S1 and S2) located within the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of HCV genomic RNA. Both sites S1 and S2 are important for the effect of miR122 in promoting an upregulation of HCV translation, whereas the S1 site plays a more crucial role in increasing the effect of miR122 upon the viral replication. In this study, we used biophysical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and native gel electrophoresis to analyze in vitro the direct interactions between miR-122 and the HCV 5’UTR RNA.
Influential factors for sun policy implementation in Danish kindergartens

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In 2007, the Danish Cancer Society and the Tryg Fonden launched a campaign to prevent skin cancer and melanoma. As a part of this intervention programme, the Danish Cancer Society prepared a ‘‘sun policy’’, which recommends how children in Danish kindergartens can be protected from the sun. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence a decision to implement the sun policy in Danish kindergartens. Methods: We conducted a comparative qualitative study. Data were collected at semi-structured interviews with the principals of five kindergartens with a sun policy and five without. Results: The key factor in making a decision is the priority given to the sun policy by the principal, which in turn depends on the principal’s perception of his or her resources. Further factors are the principal’s attitude toward parental responsibility and media focus on sun protection. Conclusions: Principals must be convinced of the importance of a written sun policy. A mailed reminder containing arguments about its importance to accompany the draft sun policy might reinforce the formulation and implementation of sun policies nationwide.
Significance and Expression of FOXO1A and FLASH in Human Gastric Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the significance of FOXO1A, FLASH expression and analyzed their relationship with tumor clinicopathological features. Methods FOXO1A and FLASH expression were examined by immunohistochemical staining method in 68 cases of human gastric cancer compared with human normal gastric tissue. Further analysis was performed to make sure their relationship with some tumor clinicopathological features. Results In gastric carcinomas, the expression of FOXO1A, FLASH were 73.53%(50/68) and 77.94%(53/68) respectively. There were no significant associations between FLASH and age, tumor location, tumor size, depth of penetration or lymphatic metastasis. Besides grading, the expression of FOXO1A was related to gender too and higher in male. There was no significant correlation between the expression of FOXO1A and FLASH. In intraepithelial neoplasia gastric mucosa, the expression of FOXO1A and FLASH presents intensive positively. Their expression in epithelial cells of normal gastric mucosa was shown as no or very weak intensity.Conclusion In conclusion, our results showed that the expression of FOXO1A and FLASH is a frequent event in highly differentiated gastric carcinoma, and may play important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. There was no significant correlation between the expression of FOXO1A and FLASH.
Ethnobotanical information of medicinal plants in Haridwar District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An ethnobotanical survey of plant species are used as folk medicines by various Ayurvedic Doctors Vaidhya’s or Hakim’s, rural and common peoples in Haridwar district. Information on the names of plants parts used and methods of preparation was collected through a questionnaire which was administered to herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers. In the present paper information about 61 medicinal angiospermic plant species belonging to 38 families and 60 genera, which are useful in different ailments are presented.
Audit tenure, auditor specialization and audit report lag

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the association between audit firm tenure and audit report lag (ARL) and the impact of auditor industry specialization on the association between audit firm tenure and ARL. Design/Methodology/Approach – Using Habib and Bhuiyan’s (2011) method of measuring auditor industry specialization, the authors examine the sample of 7,291 firm-year observations from 2008 to 2010. Findings – The authors find that auditor industry specialization (regardless of city-level, national-level and joint city- and national-level industry specialization) weakens the positive association between ARL and short audit firm tenure, suggesting that auditor industry specialization complements the negative effect of short audit firm tenure on ARL. Originality/value – First, the authors add to the literature by answering the question of whether hiring industry auditor specialists is an effective way to shorten ARL created by short audit tenure. The authors provide some evidence that the concern of short audit tenure leading to longer ARL is reduced by hiring an industry-specialized auditor. Prior research mainly focuses on identifying the determinants of ARL without going further to find out which are the effective ways to reduce the audit delay. Second, their findings can somehow resolve the debate on whether audit firm rotation should be mandatory. A new auditor’s lack of knowledge of clients’ business operations during the early years of audit engagements results in longer ARL, which eventually influences the clients’ financial performance. The authors' result suggests the firms can reduce this adverse consequence by hiring an industry-specialized auditor. Finally, their findings may provide helpful information to firms in selecting external auditors, public accounting firms in selecting a differentiation strategy and regulators in mandating audit firm rotation.
Rapid and simple stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of cilazapril in pure substance and pharmaceutical formulation in comparison with classic and derivative spectrophotometric methods.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study describes development and subsequent validation of high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) in comparison with spectrophotometric methods (classic, first, second and third order derivative) for determination of pure cilazapril in substance and pharmaceutical preparation. The main aim of this study was to find the method suitable not only for determination of cilazapril, but additionally useful in degradation kinetic study. Only the HPLC method is stability indicating. The HPLC method utilizes LiChroCART 250-4 HPLC-Cartridge, LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (5 μm) column, at ambient temperature, eluted at the flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) (60:10:30, v/v/v). Wavelength of detection is set at 212 nm. Benzocaine is used as an internal standard. The second and third order derivative spectrophotometric methods can be applied for the cilazapril analysis in substance and tablet, but not for stability evaluation (the lack of selectivity towards degradation product).
Successful Cyclosporine Treatment in a Case of Amicrobial Pustulosis Associated with Immunological Abnormalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amicrobial pustulosis associated with autoimmune diseases (APAD) is a clinical entity which was described only recently and few cases are reported in the literature. This condition is characterized by recurrent acute onset with pustular lesions predominantly involving skin folds, genitals, scalp and external auditory canals of young women. The etiopathogenesis of APAD is unknown and the most effective therapeutic treatment seems to be systemic corticosteroids. We describe the case of a 16-year old female patient suffering from APAD successfully treated with cyclosporine A.
Blacktooth

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology widely used by billions of personal computing, IoT, peripheral, and wearable devices. Bluetooth devices exchange commands and data, such as keyboard/mouse inputs, audio, and files, through a secure communication channel that is established through a pairing process. Due to the sensitivity of those commands and data, security mechanisms, such as encryption, authentication, and authorization, have been developed and adopted in the standards. Nevertheless, vulnerabilities continue to be discovered.
Genetic diversity of three geographical populations of Apostichopus japonicus revealed by microsatellite DNA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The microsatellite DNA technique was applied to assess genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in three wild populations of Apostichopus japonicus from Yantai,Weihai and Dalian.9 polymorphic loci were screened electrophoretically for genetic variation of the three wild populations.The following parameters were calculated: heterozygosity,polymorphism information content(PIC),effective allele number,allele frequency,genetic distance,genetic identity coefficient,Hardy-Weinberg balance deflection index and so on.Results showed that the number of total alleles of these 9 microsatellite loci was 59.The average of allele number in each microsatellite locus of the Yantai,Weihai and Dalian populations was 6.5556,5.8889 and 6.0000,respectively;the average effective allele number was 4.6033,4.0466 and 4.1367,respectively;The PIC of polymorphic loci varied between 0.5129-0.8794.The average observed heterozygosity(Ho) of three populations was 0.6416,0.6595 and 0.5824 respectively,and the average expected heterzygosity(He) was 0.7641,0.7161 and 0.7364,respectively.Cluster analysis of the three wild populations performed with UPGMA(unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) confirmed the closer linkage between Weihai and Dalian than their individual distances to Yantai.
Microwave curing and processing of polymer composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As more industries acknowledge the superior properties and advantages of composites over the traditional materials, the need and demand for faster and cheaper ways to manufacture composites arises. The conventional method of thermal curing is unable to sustain future demand and the production cost is considerably high and the process is energy inefficient. Of the several new emerging techniques researched such as using ultra violet light (UV) and gamma rays, microwaves are strongly preferred for their inherent safe and wide application in the domestic food industry.