jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AIVAT: A New Variance Reduction Technique for Agent Evaluation in Imperfect Information Games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evaluating agent performance when outcomes are stochastic and agents use randomized strategies can be challenging when there is limited data available. The variance of sampled outcomes may make the simple approach of Monte Carlo sampling inadequate. This is the case for agents playing heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em poker, where man-machine competitions have involved multiple days of consistent play and still not resulted in statistically significant conclusions even when the winner's margin is substantial. In this paper, we introduce AIVAT, a low variance, provably unbiased value assessment tool that uses an arbitrary heuristic estimate of state value, as well as the explicit strategy of a subset of the agents. Unlike existing techniques which reduce the variance from chance events, or only consider game ending actions, AIVAT reduces the variance both from choices by nature and by players with a known strategy. The resulting estimator in no-limit poker can reduce the number of hands needed to draw statistical conclusions by more than a factor of 10.
Stratification of Happiness in Urban Areas in Mexico: A Qualitative Examination by Level of Marginalization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although Mexico presents high levels of poverty and marginalization, it is the second happiest nation in Latin America. This raises several questions about what factors are associated with happiness at each level of marginalization and how these factors vary according to marginalization levels. We conducted a qualitative study in urban municipalities in four Mexican states, using 184 semi-structured interviews and employing a thematic analysis approach. Results suggest that happiness is a multifactorial phenomenon. Factors such as the family, health, religion, friendships, economic conditions, and fulfillment of basic needs contribute to happiness, but each of these aspects has different importance and meaning based on the level of marginalization. Evidence also shows that unhappiness is more homogeneous, regardless of the level of marginalization; thus, we can find people in both low marginalized and high-marginalized contexts that are unhappy. The research findings are relevant for the design of public policies, because they show various unsatisfied needs by level of marginalization and how not having them may affect happiness in each social stratum.
Awareness of the Network Group Anomalous Behaviors Based on Network Trust

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The current large-scale network abnormal event consists of several complex security events which imply inherent social relations,such as groupment and controllability.Perception and response of malicious network incidents is the important task of network security management.The previous network monitoring and detection mechanisms neglect the potential of social relations in these malicious network behaviors.However,the network behavior is the mapping of the social behavior in essence.This paper proposes a novel network group behavior model based on trust through exploring the behavior similarity.This model establishes the trust relationship between the nodes of the network using the network communication topology.Then we use relevant trust concept which is used to increase the trust value between two weak correlation nodes. Based on the network trust matrix,we modify the spectral clustering algorithm to analyze the evolution of the network group anomalous behaviors.Finally,the experiment results show that, our model could detect anomalous behaviors such as denial of service attacks,worm propagations and botnet.Moreover,the classification accuracy of our model is better than the bipartite graph.
Algorithm for power systems mode optimization taking into account the frequency change in terms of probablistic nature of initial information

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The task of power systems mode optimization relates to the complex tasks of non-linear mathematical programming. Despite the development over the past few decades many methods and algorithms for solving this problem, questions of their improvement taking into account the current operating conditions of energy systems remain an important task. This article proposes a new algorithm for the optimization of short-term modes of power systems, taking into account frequency changes in terms of the probabilistic nature of initial information. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is associated with the elimination of the need to choose the single slack bus with balancing power plant in calculations, which is typical for many existing methods. It is shown that taking into account frequency change in the optimization of power system mode in terms of probabilistic nature of initial information can introduce significant changes in the calculation results and lead to a corresponding increase in the resulting economic effect.
KymographClear and KymographDirect: two tools for the automated quantitative analysis of molecular and cellular dynamics using kymographs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic processes are ubiquitous and essential in living cells. To properly understand these processes, it is imperative to measure them in a time-dependent way and analyze the resulting data quantitatively, preferably with automated tools. Kymographs are single images that represent the motion of dynamic processes and are widely used in live-cell imaging. Although they contain the full range of dynamics, it is not straightforward to extract this quantitative information in a reliable way. Here we present two complementary, publicly available software tools, KymographClear and KymographDirect, that have the power to reveal detailed insight in dynamic processes. KymographClear is a macro toolset for ImageJ to generate kymographs that provides automatic color coding of the different directions of movement. KymographDirect is a stand-alone tool to extract quantitative information from kymographs obtained from a wide range of dynamic processes in an automated way, with high accuracy and reliability. We discuss the concepts behind these software tools, validate them using simulated data, and test them on experimental data. We show that these tools can be used to extract motility parameters from a diverse set of cell-biological experiments in an automated and user-friendly way.
Mineralogy identification through linear unmixing of blast hole geochemistry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Validating and updating geological models is important in mining to reduce the errors between the predicted and mined values. In the Banded Iron Formation-hosted iron ore deposits in the Hamersley Ranges Western Australia, geological models are based on widely spaced exploration data, resulting in errors on smaller scales. Closely spaced chemical assays from production blast hole drilling become available for updating models, but do not routinely provide mineralogy. This study identifies mineralogy by applying linear unmixing methods to chemical assays. Linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA), extended linear mixing model (ELMM) and spectral unmixing within a multi-task GP framework (SUGP) successfully identified the mineralogy in synthetic mixtures, with RMSEs of 13.75%, 11.78% and 11.97%. LSMA had consistently poorer results. SUGP was more accurate when using fewer endmember examples. ELMM was easier to train and required less processing power. Therefore either SUGP or ELMM should be chosen to identify the mineralogy depending on the application.
Comparative Studies on Microbial and Chemical Modifications of Trichothecene Mycotoxins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The microbial modification of several trichothecene mycotoxins by trichothecene-producing strains of Fusarium nivale and F. solani was studied. These results were compared with the corresponding chemical modifications. The growing mycelia of Fusarium spp. did not convert 4β-acetoxy-3α,7α,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (fusarenon) into 3α,4β,7α,15-tetrahydroxy-12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-en-8-one (nivalenol), whereas 3α,4β,7α,15-tetraacetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (tetraacetylnivalenol) was deacetylated to yield 3α-hydroxy-4β,7α,15-triacetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (4,7,15-triacetylnivalenol), which was resistant to further deacetylation. T-2 toxin was transformed into HT-2 toxin, and 8α-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-3α,4β,-15-triacetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (T-2 acetate) was transformed into HT-2 toxin via T-2 toxin. Chemical modification with ammonium hydroxide converted tetraacetylnivalenol into fusarenon via 4,7,15-triacetylnivalenol. 3α,-7α,15-Triacetoxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (triacetyldeoxynivalenol) gave deacetylation products lacking the C-7 or C-15 acetyl group in addition to 7α,15 - diacetoxy - 3α - hydroxy - 12,13 - epoxytrichothec - 9 - en - 8 - one (7,15 - diacetyldeoxynivalenol). These results demonstrate the regio-selectivity in microbial modification of trichothecenes. Based on the results and available knowledge concerning the transformation of trichothecenes, mechanisms for biological modifications of these mycotoxins are postulated.
Building a community of practice for engaging stackholders in bioproducts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Communities of Practice (CoP) foster learning, transmission and knowledge production in organizations. Due to their characteristics, they can be a way to promote innovation and strategic partnerships around bioproducts. This work aims to develop a CoP that promotes the sharing of knowledge and partnerships around bioproducts between interested parties. To this end, an interview was conducted with an online focus group made up of 10 elements where the domain, community and practice of CoP was defined. A CoP prototype was built on a Moodle platform. This was evaluated by 2 specialists in humancomputer interaction design using a grid with 10 heuristics. In this way, some recommendations for improving the CoP were made, which will serve to bring together interested parties, promote knowledge and serve as a repository of reliable scientific and technical materials in bioproducts.
Comparative studies of vasodilating effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the different vessels.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to compare the vasodilating effects of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] on the different vessels and to clarify its mechanisms by using relaxing responses of preconstricted vascular rings. The results showed: (1) Ang-(1-7) dose-dependently induced vasorelaxation in all the vessels studied. However, there is apparent heterogeneity in the responsiveness of vessels from different origin. (2) The Ang-(1-7)-induced vasorelaxation was endothelium dependent and largely mediated by NO system. (3) The vasodilator action of Ang-(1-7) was not mediated by AT1 or AT2 receptor subtypes. It is suggested that the Ang-(1-7)-induced vasorelaxation is endothelium dependent by some other unclarified angiotensin receptor subtypes and is largely mediated by NO system.
MODELLING STUDY THE VARIATION OF THE EQUATORIAL ANOMALY IONIZATION TROUGH

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An anomalous feature of low latitude ionosphere is the Equtorial Anomaly, and measurements show that the minimum peak density located between two crests of the Equtorial Anomaly, the equatorial anomaly trough (EAT), is not always lo- cated at near the magnetic equator. A two-dimensional theoretical low-latitude ionospheric model is used to simulate the evolution of the EAT and investigate ef fects of some physical factors on the location of the EAT. Each of them is adjusted respectively to study their influences on the EAT. Simulation results show that there are extinct diurnal, seasonal and longitudinal variations of the location of EAT. The EAT situates at the north of the magnetic dip equator at June solstice and shifts to the south at December solstice. It is found that the seasonal variation of the position of EAT is mainly caused by the neutral winds, not by seasonal changes in photoionization productions directly due to the variation of the geomagnetic solar zenith angle. Longitudinally speaking, the EAT lies north near 285°E and south near 100°E, which is basically consistent with previous observations. And its longitudi nal variation is pricipally caused not by the magnetic declination and displacement between the geographical and magnetic equators, but by the longitudinal changes of horizontal neutral wind, which does not support the previous opinion. Only at regions near the 330°E longitudes did the magnetic declination play some larger influence on the EAT location, but it was still much smaller than that of neutral winds. In addition, the displacement between the dip equator and equatorial elec- trojet is not taken into account because the ionospheric model is under the dipole field assumption.
Pharmacogenomic Research for Avoiding Adverse Reactions by Anti-cancer Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anti-cancer drugs have relatively low effective rates and high frequencies of adverse reactions, occasionally leading to cessation of their treatments. Use of pharmacogenomic (PGx) information could be able to select the patients with high-response and less-adverse reactions, resulting in increase of patients' QOL and proper use of drugs. We have been collaborating with National Cancer Center for PGx analysis of anti-cancer drugs including irinotecan and gemcitabine in Japanese cancer patients. Irinotecan, now used for treatments of many cancers, is metabolically activated to SN-38 and then inactivated to SN-38 glucuronide by a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A1. In the UGT1A1 gene, two representative genetic polymorphisms, *28 and *6, were detected at 0.138 and 0.167, respectively in 177 Japanese cancer patients. When the patients were homozygotes of *28 or *6, or compound heterozygotes of them, statistically significant decreases were observed in the SN-38 glucuronidation activity and increases in the rate of severe neutropenia, compared to those in the patients without *28 or *6. Our results and papers were cited in the Japanese package inserts of irinotecan. Gemcitabine was inactivated by cytidine deaminase (CDA) into 2'-2'-difluorodeoxyuridine. A CDA polymorphism 208G>A (Ala70Thr) was detected at 0.037 frequency in 256 Japanese cancer patients and associated with reduced gemcitabine clearance as well as increased frequency of severe neutropenia. In the 4 patients suffered from very severe bone marrow toxicities, 3 patients were homozygous CDA*3, suggesting that this polymorphism is exquisite for predicting severe adverse reactions by gemcitabine in Japanese.
[ASPP2 inhibits oxaliplatin-induced autophagy and promotes apoptosis of colon cancer cells].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

OXA can induce autophagy of colorectal cancer cells, while ASPP2 over-expression can suppress the OXA-induced autophagy. ASPP2 can promote apoptosis through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. The function of ASPP2 promoting cell apoptosis through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways is not entirely achieved by inhibiting cell autophagy.
Precision blanking of sheet metal using indenting and fracture

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research, a new precision shearing concept was proposed by the project supervisor A/P Thiruvarudchelvan S. It is called "Precision Blanking of Sheet Metal using Indenting and Fracture". This process involves the three major stages; in the first stage the indenter penetrates into the stock to create the upper part of a smooth-sheared surface, secondly the punch and die create the lower part of the smooth-sheared surface, and finally the blank is fractured and the counter punch ejects the finished part out. The indenting timing, indenting force, indenting depth, cutting clearance and counter pressure are important parameters.
Counterparts, Logic and Metaphysics: Reply to Ramachandran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Counterparts, logic and metaphysics: reply to ramachandran Get access Graeme Forbes Graeme Forbes Tulane UniversityNew Orleans, LA 70118, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 50, Issue 3, June 1990, Pages 167–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/50.3.167 Published: 01 June 1990
Central Noradrenergic Activity and the Cardiovascular Effects of Nitroglycerin and Amyl Nitrate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Intracerebroventricular and i.v. administration of nitroglycerin in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats produced dose-dependent decreases in mean arterial pressure and increases in heart rate, but intracisternal injection of the drug induced hypotension and bradycardia. Hypotensive responses to intracisternal injection of nitroglycerin showed that the compound was two to three times more potent than by i.v. administration (six times when comparing the area under the curve). Intravenous sodium nitroprusside produced dose-dependent hypotensive and tachycardiac effects, but minimal responses were induced by i.c.v. and intracisternal injection. Central pretreatment with either yohimbine or rauwolscine antagonized hypotensive responses to i.c.v. and i.v. nitroglycerin, but did not alter the depressor responses induced by i.v. sodium nitroprusside. Tachycardiac responses to i.c.v. nitroglycerin are greater than the responses induced by i.v. administration. Inhalation of amyl nitrite produced marked hypotensive responses, with the dose-response curves being shifted to the right by i.c.v. pretreatment with rauwolscine, but not by i.v. pretreatment. The concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in cerebrospinal fluid were increased by i.v., i.c.v., and intracisternal administration of nitroglycerin, but were not altered by i.v. sodium nitroprusside. The concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were elevated by i.v. and i.c.v. injection of nitroglycerin. Results suggest that nitroglycerin stimulates central noradrenergic activity, which may be involved in the component of hypotensive effects of the drug. Reflex tachycardiac responses to nitroglycerin may be further complicated by forebrain stimulation and medulla-mediated bradycardia. Sodium nitroprusside did not demonstrate central activity.
ARCHIVEIT-1301-WEEKLY-MOXEMX-20130112030217-00000-crawling114.us.archive.org-6682.warc.gz

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

recurrence=WEEKLY, maxDuration=259200, maxDocumentCount=null, isTestCrawl=false, seedCount=24, accountId=336, organizationName="University of Hawaii", collectionId=1301, collectionName="Hawaii - Media Communications"
Design of RFID Production Line Visual Monitoring System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering the current problems of low realtime performance for data acquisition and poor monitoring capacity in the production line monitoring system, this paper introduces a production line visual monitoring system, this system introduces the radio frequency identification technology (RFID) into the production line, and realizes the integration of RFID acquisition technology and production line control.This paper presents the system's working principles, architecture and design schemes of the software and hardware, and studies its implementation method and key technologies.The system adopts ARM9 and the embedded Linux operating system to intelligentize the operation terminal, and realizes the display interface more beautiful.The realization of multi-master methods of intelligent nodes via CAN field buses makes the system more stable.Its software and hardware design scheme, key technologies and implementation are presented also.The experimental results demonstrate that the system can be operated steadily and will have a vast application prospect.
Global Health and Natural Disaster Alerts: Preparing Mobile Phones to Endure the Unthinkable

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We just celebrated the 40th anniversary of the first call made from a mobile phone (BBC 2013). Since then, an extraordinary technological revolution has been unleashed, enabling three-quarters of the world population (and much of the developing world) to have access to this powerful communication device at all times (The World Bank 2012). Nowadays, more people in the world have access to mobiles than to basic sanitation. Almost everywhere, individuals are in constant contact with peers, family, business partners, service providers and an ever growing number of information sources. The rippling effects brought about by these ubiquitous com-munication opportunities on the living standards of populations include the creation of job opportunities, the promotion of political transparency, the early containment of epidemic outbreaks, the early warning of hazards and the possibility to scale up global health systems (The World Bank 2012; The Economist 2009a; The Economist 2009b; Quadir 2005; Lester & Karanja 2008; BBC Media Action 2012; The Economist 2007).
Inhibition of bile salt excretion and bile flow by spasmolytic drugs. An additional therapeutic effect in the treatment of biliary colics?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The influence of the spasmolytic drugs hyoscin-N-butylbromide (HBB, Buscopan) and Extractum opii (E. opii) on bile flow, bile salt and bilirubin excretion is investigated in the cholecystectomized, unanaesthetized pig and compared with the results after acute, quantitative interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) by biliary drainage. The results demonstrate that HBB and E. opii induce a significant decrease in bile flow and bile salt excretion. A further analysis suggests that this effect is due to an inhibition of intestinal motility and transit time, followed by a delay of the EHC of bile salts with a decrease in biliary bile salt excretion and bile salt dependent bile flow. The results point out a second mechanism that might be responsible for the effectiveness of spasmolytic drugs in the treatment of biliary colics: the lowering of intraluminal pressure by inhibition of bile salt dependent bile flow.