jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of various synthesis parameters on the size and loading of polymeric microspheres loaded with antibiotic drug for treatment of osteomyelitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of the bone which is commonly found in open fracture treatments and post-surgery of orthopedic implant. It can result in serious health complications such as amputation and even life threatening conditions if proper treatment was not given. Conventional treatments such as the use of antibiotic therapy can lead to bacterial resistance to drugs, systemic toxicity and discomfort in patients. Targeted drug delivery system using biodegradable microspheres offers a better alternative for long-term administration of drugs in treating osteomyelitis. In this project, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with hydrophilic drug, gentamicin (GEN) were synthesized using water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion technique. The surfactants used were poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Since the drug carrier will require a one-time injection to administer the drug to site of infection, both the size and drug loading of microspheres are important in ensuring successful treatment. Hence, various synthesis parameters affecting the particle size and drug loading were investigated to achieve the desired results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the size of the microspheres. Drug loading and zeta potential were determined by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Zetasizer Nano respectively. GEN-loaded PLGA microspheres were then coated with calcium phosphate (CaP) which resembles the mineral phase of natural bone to make it bioactive. Energy dispersive x-rays spectroscopy (EDX) was used to detect the presence of CaP.
Molecular karyotyping and aneuploidy detection in Arabidopsis thaliana using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Certain cellular processes are sensitive to changes in gene dosage. Aneuploidy is deleterious because of an imbalance of gene dosage on a chromosomal scale. Identification, classification and characterization of aneuploidy are therefore important for molecular, population and medical genetics and for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying dosage sensitivity. Notwithstanding recent progress in genomic technologies, limited means are available for detecting and classifying changes in chromosome dose. The development of an inexpensive and scalable karyotyping method would allow rapid detection and characterization of both simple and complex aneuploid types. In addition to the problem of karyotyping, genomic and molecular genetic studies of aneuploids and polyploids are complicated by multiple heterozygous combinations possible at loci present in more than two copies. Quantitative scoring of allele genotypes would enable large‐scale population genetic experiments in polyploids, and permit genetic analyses on bulked populations in diploid species. Here, we demonstrate that quantitative fluorescent‐polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) can be used to simultaneously genotype and karyotype aneuploid and polyploid Arabidopsis thaliana . Comparison of QF‐PCR with flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA content indicated near perfect agreement between the methods, but complete karyotype resolution was only possible using QF‐PCR. A complex karyotype, determined by QF‐PCR, was validated by comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Finally, we screened the progeny of tetraploid individuals and found that more than 25% were aneuploid and that our artificially induced tetraploid strain produced fewer aneuploid individuals than a tetraploid strain isolated from nature.
Detection of Banana Leaf and Fruit Diseases Using Neural Networks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In India, about 70% of the population depends on the agricultural production. Whereas, the agricultural plants and leaves are infected by some diseases by means of the insects which passes the diseases from one plant to the another plant. Meanwhile, these infected diseases can reduce the production yield in the agricultural farm. Hence it is required to detect the diseases in the leaves and fruits at the earlier stage. Therefore, the detection of diseases in the banana plant becoming in the challenging in the agriculture field. The diseases detection and classification of banana plant using image processing is the effective and an important thing to the farmers analyses the growth of the plant effectively and automatically with minimum cost. Therefore, proposed a system that detect diseases at earlier stage by using image processing and classify the diseases by ANN algorithm. The proposed system involve s several steps, image acquisition, image pre-processing, feature extraction and diseases detection and artificial neural network based diseases classification.
Analysis of the Control Factors of Groundwater Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination in a City’s West Part

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on study of the hydrogeological condition and the characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in karst groundwater, an oil refinery located in western part of a certain city is chosen as the study site to have an analysis on the control factors of groundwater petroleum hydrocarbons contamination. The study result shows that the control factors of groundwater petroleum hydrocarbons contamination are hydrogeological condition and biodegradation. The soil layer of Quaternary is very thin, the limestone is exposed in the surface, which makes the petroleum hydrocarbons easy to permeate into the water bearing layer. Karst-fractured zone in aquifer determines the migration way of petroleum hydrocarbons to be convection, but the magmatic rock in northern part has certain blocking effect on the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biodegradation makes both the contamination plume area of petroleum hydrocarbons and the content of petroleum hydrocarbons decreased.
Spatial Transcriptomics: Molecular Maps of the Mammalian Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Maps of the nervous system inspire experiments and theories in neuroscience. Advances in molecular biology over the past decades have revolutionized the definition of cell and tissue identity. Spatial transcriptomics has opened up a new era in neuroanatomy, where the unsupervised and unbiased exploration of the molecular signatures of tissue organization will give rise to a new generation of brain maps. We propose that the molecular classification of brain regions on the basis of their gene expression profile can circumvent subjective neuroanatomical definitions and produce common reference frameworks that can incorporate cell types, connectivity, activity, and other modalities. Here we review the technological and conceptual advances made possible by spatial transcriptomics in the context of advancing neuroanatomy and discuss how molecular neuroanatomy can redefine mapping of the nervous system.
199-LB: Mitochondrial Diabetes (MD) in the University of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mitochondrial diabetes (MD) results from pathogenic variants in mitochondrial (MT) genes. MT disease is associated with neuromuscular disease. MD may occur either alone or with other conditions. The most common MD genetic variant is MT-TL1 m.3243 A&gt;G, associated with Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness and Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. The incidence, variability and optimum treatment are uncertain. We describe clinical characteristics of participants in the Univ. of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry with MD variants. Participants enrolled in the Univ. of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry (IRB 6858,15617B). Clinical and genetic information was collected. As of February 2023, 18 participants from 13 families had a known MT variant. Clinical characteristics are in Table 1. Clinicians should consider MD when the patient is negative for T1D antibodies, is non-obese, has high frequency bilateral hearing loss, and has a strong maternal family history of diabetes. However, the features are variable and can include multiple organs and tissues. Genetic testing panels should include MT variants because MD can be misdiagnosed and the prevalence is uncertain. Clinical phenotypes are heterogenous among family members. Cascade testing and screening for related conditions is encouraged. Our data shows that MD is misdiagnosed as T1 or T2DM (16/16). Disclosure T. L. Bowden: Stock/Shareholder; Procter & Gamble, OPKO Biologics, Ltd. B. Kandasamy: None. L. R. Letourneau-freiberg: None. K. Rodriguez: None. M. Mccullough: None. S. W. Greeley: None. L. H. Philipson: Advisory Panel; Nevro Corp., Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Dompé, Provention Bio, Inc., Imcyse, Novo Nordisk Foundation. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK104942, P30DK020595, K23DK094866, UL1TR000430)
Complexity-Guided Curriculum Learning for Text Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Curriculum learning provides a systematic approach to training. It refines training progressively, tailors training to task requirements, and improves generalization through exposure to diverse examples. We present a curriculum learning approach that builds on existing knowledge about text and graph complexity formalisms for training with text graph data. The core part of our approach is a novel data scheduler, which employs “spaced repetition” and complexity formalisms to guide the training process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on several text graph tasks and graph neural network architectures. The proposed model gains more and uses less data; consistently prefers text over graph complexity indices throughout training, while the best curricula derived from text and graph complexity indices are equally effective; and it learns transferable curricula across GNN models and datasets. In addition, we find that both node-level (local) and graph-level (global) graph complexity indices, as well as shallow and traditional text complexity indices play a crucial role in effective curriculum learning.
Management of Bigbag capsular complex dislocation of intraocular lens in high myopia patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of 25G+vitrectomy combined with fixation by sclera suture through vitreous cavity in the treatment of Bigbag IOL-bag complex dislocation of high myopia.METHODS: Totally 13 patients(15 eyes)of high myopia with Bigbag IOL-bag complex dislocation enrolled in this respective study. All cases underwent 25G+ vitrectomy. The vitreous body wrapped around the complex was cleaned and the heavy water was injected into the vitreous cavity to make the IOL float to the pupil area. The IOL was suspended and fixed on the sclera through the vitreous cavity. One case(1 eye)with macular hole was treated with inner limiting membrane peeling combined with gas injection, and laser photocoagulation was performed on 1 case(1 eye)with retinal hole. RESULTS: The postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)(16.75±6.71mmHg)was similar to the preoperative IOP(17.45±6.81mmHg)within normal limits(t=1.635, P=0.360), and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)at 1wk postoperatively were ameliorated from 1.31±0.33 to 1.03±0.29(t=4.126, P=0.017). No significant difference was noted between preoperative(2388.93±405.04cell/mm2)and postoperative(2345.92±399.59cell/mm2)counting of corneal endothelial cell(t=2.323, P=0.279). Corneal transparency and position of IOL kept normal and no complications such as choroid detachment, retinal detachment, bleeding or secondary glaucoma was recorded in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: 25G vitrectomy combined with fixation by sclera suture through vitreous cavity contributes to the anatomical repair and visual function recovery of patients of high myopia with Bigbag IOL-bag complex dislocation.
Hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells protect neurons from cardiac arrest–induced pyroptosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00027/figure1/v/2025-03-16T133924Z/r/image-tiff Cardiac arrest can lead to severe neurological impairment as a result of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation neurological damage. Hypoxic preconditioning has been shown to improve migration and survival of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and reduce pyroptosis after cardiac arrest, but the specific mechanisms by which hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against brain injury after cardiac arrest are unknown. To this end, we established an in vitro co-culture model of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and oxygen–glucose deprived primary neurons and found that hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the protective effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells against neuronal pyroptosis, possibly through inhibition of the MAPK and nuclear factor κB pathways. Subsequently, we transplanted hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle after the return of spontaneous circulation in an 8-minute cardiac arrest rat model induced by asphyxia. The results showed that hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduced cardiac arrest–induced neuronal pyroptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, whereas knockdown of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibited these effects. To conclude, hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising therapeutic approach for neuronal injury following cardiac arrest, and their beneficial effects are potentially associated with increased expression of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase following hypoxic preconditioning.
Analysis of wood‐composite laminated frames under dynamic loads ‐ analytical models and model validation. Part II: frame model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes the analytical models that were used to simulate the full time‐history response of timber frames subjected to dynamic loads. Three‐dimensional models of two‐story timber frames were developed and verified via small‐ and full‐scale shake table experiments. The modeling of the hysteretic properties of the connections was presented in Part I. Verification of the frame model was done using the time‐history response and the dissipated energy as a measure of accuracy. The comparison reveals that the presented approach can be successfully used to simulate the load‐history‐dependent behavior of inelastic systems. The developed model reliably predicted the frame response in the nonlinear range and is capable of simulating initial slippage in the joints due to previous loading. The proposed model is applicable to design and analyze timber frames of arbitrary geometry and configuration under arbitrary loads.
lncRNA GAS5 inhibits malignant progression by regulating macroautophagy and forms a negative feedback regulatory loop with the miR‑34a/mTOR/SIRT1 pathway in colorectal cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long non‑coding RNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) exerts inhibitory effects through the modulation of several target microRNAs (miRs) in cancer. However, its potential roles and underlying relationship during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression are unclear. Therefore, we explored the role of the negative feedback loop formed by the GAS5/miR‑34a axis and mammalian target of rapamycin/sirtuin 1 (mTOR/SIRT1) pathway on macroautophagy and apoptosis in CRC. Expression of GAS5, miR‑34a, SIRT1 and mTOR in CRC patients and cell lines was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Online bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the downstream miRs of GAS5. Luciferase assay and western blotting were performed to demonstrate miR‑34a as a downstream target gene of GAS5 in CRC cells. The effects of the GAS5/miR‑34a axis on apoptosis, macroautophagy, and the mTOR/SIRT1 pathway were assessed by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting, respectively. Our results suggested that GAS5 was downregulated and acted as a molecular sponge of miR‑34a during CRC progression. miR‑34a participated in regulating GAS5‑suppressed CRC cell macroautophagy and induced apoptosis through the mTOR/SIRT1 pathway. GAS5‑mediated macroautophagy was maintained in an equilibrium state that might have a protective effect on CRC cell apoptosis. The mTOR signaling pathway suppressed GAS5 expression and formed a negative regulation feedback loop with miR‑34a in CRC cells. Our results suggested that the GAS5/miR‑34a/SIRT1/mTOR negative regulatory feedback loop mediated CRC cell macroautophagy, and maintained the cells in an autonomous equilibrium state, but not excessive activation state, which functions as a strong antiapoptotic phenotype during human CRC progression.
Evaluation of crosslinking and scission yields in irradiated polymers from the dose dependence of the weight- and z-average molecular weights

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of crosslinking and scission yields in irradiated polymers from the dose dependence of the weight- and z-average molecular weightsJames H. O'Donnell, Catherine L. Winzor, and Donald J. WinzorCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 1, 167–172Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00203a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00203a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elimination of Established Risk-Factors in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma - Impact of High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantaion - a Multicenter Retrospective Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 3089 Introduction: High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of newly-diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) in eligible patients (pts). Prognosis of PCNSL is associated with several clinical and histopathological risk factors (RF). Early complete response (CR) during chemotherapy (CHT) was recently reported to be an additional independent prognostic factor in pts undergoing polychemotherapy without HDT+ASCT. In this analysis, we examined the extent to which known RF determined survival in pts who were treated with HDT-ASCT. We additionally investigated the impact of HDT-ASCT specific factors (e.g. conditioning regimen) on survival. Pts. and Methods: Retrospective multicenter (N=10) analysis of 100 pts with untreated PCNSL who underwent HCT-ASCT with or without whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). We used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to investigate the prognostic impact of the following factors on overall survival (OS): early CR, age, performance status, involvement of deep brain structures, and LDH serum level and thiotepa dose. Until now data of 82 pts have been analyzed. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 53 years (range 23–69), the majority was male (67%). After a median follow-up of 58 months median OS was reached after 121 mo (range 3–149 mo). Before HDT+ASCT, 48/82 pts (58%) did not achieve CR (35 PR, 3 SD, 10 PD). After HDT+ASCT, 54/82 pts (66%) were in CR and altogether 39% of the pts were irradiated after HDT+ASCT. Of note, of those pts with PD before HDT+ASCT, 5/10 achieved CR after HDT+ASCT without WBRT. Overall, at the time of last follow-up, 24 pts have died. Of the surviving pts, 50 were in CR (86%), 2 in PR (3%), 2 in SD, and 2 developed progression /relapse. None of the established RF (age, performance status, involvement of deep brain structures, and LDH serum level) significantly distinguished outcome with regard to OS in uni and multivariate analysis. Additionally, neither CR before HDT-ASCT, nor sex nor the dose of thiotepa (10mg versu 20mg/m2) was associated with decreased OS. Conclusion: We conclude that HCT+ASCT is able to neutralize established RF in PCNSL. HDT+ASCT is a high-efficient treatment option independently of remission rate before entering HDT. New prognostic factors for pts eligible for HCT-ASCT have to be identified to guide therapy and care for PCNSL pts and to define stratification criteria for future trials. Most recent follow up will be presented. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells–new members of the “type 2 franchise” that mediate allergic airway inflammation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC 2s) are members of an ILC family, which contains NK cells and Rorγt + ILC s, the latter including lymphoid tissue inducer ( LT i) cells and ILC s producing IL ‐17 and IL ‐22. ILC 2s are dedicated to the production of IL ‐5 and IL ‐13 and, as such, ILC 2s provide an early and important source of type 2 cytokines critical for helminth expulsion in the gut. Several studies have also demonstrated a role for ILC 2s in airway inflammation. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology , Klein Wolterink et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2012. 42: 1106‐1116] show that ILC 2s are instrumental in several models of experimental asthma where they significantly contribute to production of IL ‐5 and IL ‐13, key cytokines in airway inflammation. This study sheds light over the relative contribution of ILC 2s versus T helper type 2 cells (Th2) in type 2 mediated allergen‐specific inflammation in the airways as discussed in this commentary.
The What, When, and Why of Facial Expressions: An Objective Analysis of Conversational Skills in Speed-Dating Videos

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of combinations of facial expressions and their timing, in explaining a person's conversational skills in a series of brief non-romantic conversations. Video recordings of 365 four-minute conversations before and after a randomized intervention were analyzed in which facial action units (AUs) were examined over different time segments. Male subjects (N=47) were evaluated in their conversation skills using the Conversational Skills Rating Scale (CSRS). A linear regression model was used to compare the importance of AU features from different time segments in predicting CSRS ratings. In the first minute of conversation, CSRS ratings were best predicted by activity levels in action units associated with speaking (Lips part, AU25). In the last minute of conversation, affective indicators associated with expressions of laughter (Jaw Drop, AU26) and warmth (Happy faces) emerged as the most important. These findings suggest that feedback on nonverbal skills must dynamically account for shifting goals of conversation.