jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Telomere-Independent Process?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long-lived mammals replace lost or consumed cells at a tremendous pace: an adult human replaces ∼1% of their many trillion red blood cells every day through de novo synthesis. Similarly, cell division at various rates is at work throughout life to continuously replace lost cells in many epithelial tissues such as the gut, skin, breast, and lung. Moreover, several tissues (e.g., memory T-lymphocytes, pancreatic β-cells) possess a potential for facultative growth in the adult; that is, under certain circumstances (e.g., infection, pregnancy), these usually quiescent cells re-enter the cell cycle en masse to increase the mass of a given tissue through controlled prolifera- tion. These forms of tissue replacement and repair require that many adult mamma- lian tissues contain reservoirs of stem cells capable of generating terminally differentiated effector cell types. The unique cellular property that enables stem cells to maintain such function throughout life is the ability to produce large numbers of differentiated cell types while also self-renewing themselves so that their reserves do not become depleted. In this chapter, I will review some of the evidence to support the notion that certain aspects of mammalian ageing result from an age-dependent decline in the function of self-renewing stem cells, and discuss the relationship of p16 INK4a and telomeres with regard to stem cell ageing.
Geographic variation of diapause intensity in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Eight strains of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae , originating from different localities in western and central Europe, with latitudes ranging from 40.5 to 60 o N, displayed marked differences in the period of chilling at 4 o C required for diapause termination under a diapause‐maintaining short‐day photoperiodic regime at 19 o C, to which the mites were transferred after the cold period. The higher the latitude from which the strains originated the longer was the period of chilling required for diapause termination, suggesting the presence of a gradient in diapause intensity, diapause being deeper the more northern the origin of the strains. Two strains originating from higher altitudes appeared to have a much deeper diapause than expected from their latitudinal origin. In addition, these two mountain strains showed mutual differences in diapause intensity, notwithstanding the fact that they originated from similar latitudes and altitudes; local climatic conditions probably act as strong selective forces with regard to diapause depth. All strains appeared to be sensitive to photoperiod during the period of diapause development. Diapause was quickly completed by a long‐day photoperiod (LD 17:7 h), but was maintained by a short‐day photoperiod (LD 10:14h). However, even under the latter regime sensitivity to photoperiod gradually diminished and eventually disappeared, thus leading to ‘spontaneous’ termination of diapause. The length of the period of diapause development, as measured by the sensitivity to photoperiod of diapausing mites, varied between strains; it was shorter in the southern strains and longer in the northern strains. The results indicate great variation in diapause intensity between strains, which is probably genetically determined and may have adaptive significance for this widespread species. When young females which had just entered diapause were kept for ever longer periods of time under the diapause inducing short‐day regime at which they had been reared, before being transferred to the cold room, the duration of the period of chilling required for diapause termination was found to decrease proportionally in all three strains tested. These results suggest that intensification of diapause does not occur in T. urticae; diapause intensity seems to be highest at the beginning of diapause and to diminish gradually during diapause development.
Allium sativum L. AzGR-9701

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Allium sativum L.
Common name(s): Garlic
Conserved by: Genetic Resources Institute (GRI), Azerbaijan
Local sample unique identifier: AzGR-9701
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2009-10
Other identifiers: n/a,AG-1453, n/a,IAF-39
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
Entrepreneurship Culture in Administration and Law Students: A Transdisciplinary Exploration

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The entrepreneurship culture in young individuals is characterized by a set of traits and qualities that foster and promote the entrepreneurial spirit and the pursuit of opportunities for creation and innovation. In the case of vocational students, these traits may be manifested as attitudes, knowledge, and skills exhibited within specific contexts. The conducted study aimed to analyze the entrepreneurship culture in young Administration and Law students, as well as to compare this culture based on their educational profiles, considering two variables. An instrument was administered to a population comprising 582 students. The findings lead to the conclusion that both Administration and Law students exhibit a promising level of entrepreneurial spirit, which can be further enhanced through their vocational education.
Wax coating affects postharvest shelf-life of non-cooled sweet pepper

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Investigations were carried out to determine the effect of wax coating on physical and quality parameters in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cv. Indra under ambient storage (25±5 oC). Wax coating with carnauba wax at 2% produced the lowest physiological loss of weight (PLW), and increased shelf-life, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content and ascorbic acid. Wax concentration of > 2% coating had little or no effect, on physical and biochemical characters. This suggested that 2% wax coating increased the shelf life, while concentration of > 2% did not enhance its shelf life.
Embryonic Treatment with Xenobiotics Disrupts Steroid Hormone Profiles in Hatchling Red-Eared Slider Turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many compounds in the environment capable of acting as endocrine disruptors have been assayed for their developmental effects on morphogenesis; however, few studies have addressed how such xenobiotics affect physiology. In the current study we examine the effects of three endocrine-disrupting compounds, chlordane, trans-nonachlor, and the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1242, on the steroid hormone concentrations of red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) hatchlings treated in ovo. Basal steroid concentrations and steroid concentrations in response to follicle-stimulating hormone were examined in both male and female turtles treated with each of the three compounds. Treated male turtles exposed to Aroclor 1242 or chlordane exhibited significantly lower testosterone concentrations than controls, whereas chlordane-treated females had significantly lower progesterone, testosterone, and 5[alpha]-dihydrotestosterone concentrations relative to controls. The effects of these endocrine disruptors extend beyond embryonic development, altering sex-steroid physiology in exposed animals.
Facing Past and Future after the Teso Insurgency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the previous chapter focused on the performative function of narratives about the cause of the insurgency we now turn to a different aspect of assessing the long-term impact of the mediation efforts in Teso. Considering the particular account of the Teso insurgency today, the question poses itself whether the Kumam and Iteso have to some extent be managed to dissent from the hierarchical relations that tied them to the Museveni government and which they sought to challenge with the insurgency. Has challenging led to long-term changing?
Flower Pigments in Yellow Dendrobium Species and Hybrids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Carotenoids and chlorophylls in yellow petals of Dendrobium species and hybrids were ex amine d by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six carotenoids, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and B-carotene, and chlorophyll a and b were identified. Lutein, zeaxanthln, and B-carotene were the major pigments responsible for yellow flower color in several dendrobiums. Color was affected by the numbers and concentrations of pigments. The degradation of flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls in the flowers at different stages of maturity within a raceme was examined for three progenies, K528 (pale yellow), K637 (white-purple), and K650 (bright yellow). The amounts of carotenoids and chlorophylls in crosses K528 and K637 decreased rapidly after blooming, while cross K650 maintained a high carotenoid content in all stages of maturity. Flavonol content in all three crosses did not show any change over time. Carotenoid and chlorophyll changes in growth and development from the bud stage to flower maturity were determined qualitatively and quantitatively in crosses K528 and K637. All 6 carotenoids and 2 chlorophylls in both crosses declined continually from the bud stage to 2-4 weeks after blooming. The inheritance of yellow flower color in Dendrobium appears to be complex, since at least 6 carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b have been shown to co-exist. Degradation of yellow pigments is not uncommon, and polyploidy further complicates the analysis of color inheritance. Since both carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in hybrids often fall between those of the parents, it appears that yellow color is mostly quantitatively inherited although interactions with modifying genes can be significant.
Observation of juvenile <i>Holothuria pardalis</i> at Sikka Coast, Gulf of Kachchh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hardani H.K., Gadhavi M.K. 2013. Observation of juvenile <i>Holothuria pardalis</i> at Sikka Coast, Gulf of Kachchh. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 33:57.
S.: Scientific workflows and components: Together at last

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Composing scientific simulations from smaller general pieces has many beneficial properties such as modularity and reuse. Compo-nent software and scientific workflows are both technologies for decomposition of scientific simulation, although each of them per-forms this task along a separate dimension and on a different level. Scientific workflows are concerned with high-level orchestration of a time-decomposed simulation, while components are mainly used at a lower level to enable software modularity and reuse at a small performance cost. Combining these technologies in a seamless way leaverages the benefits of both decomposition paradigms, resulting in more flexibility for scientific application design. In this work, we describe a system that communicates parameters and results to and from a Common Component Architecture (CCA) framework and the Kepler scientific workflow system. 1.
A study to assess the quality of sleep among medical students of Mysuru, Karnataka, India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Every individual requires a period of rest to enhance and empower his/her work ability. Adequate quality of sleep is a prerequisite for optimal functioning of the students’ mind and body. Sleep problems are common in the general population. Medical students are one subgroup who are more vulnerable to poor sleep quality owing to multiple factors in their lifestyle. To assess the quality of sleep in a population of medical students of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysuru and to study the determinants affecting it. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling among 132 medical students of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute. A pre-designed and pre-tested structured questionnaire developed using the Pittsburgh quality of sleep index (PQSI) Score and Epworth daytime sleepiness scale (EDSS) was used. The data collected was compiled in MS- Excel and analysed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS)Version 20.0. Results: Out of 132 medical students who were enrolled in the study, 55.3% (73/132) had an abnormal PSQI score. Males had better quality of sleep compared to females. Abnormal PSQI scores were associated with stress, alcohol and smoking. Conclusions: Sleep quality plays a major role in maintaining a medical student’s physical, mental and working capacity.
THE ISSUES OF LEGAL LIABILITY IN TRANSFER RELATIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A transfer contract is a specific type of legal contract, which can be regulated not only by civil law but also by the corporate rules of sports federations. The regulation of transfer contracts in football is particularly relevant, as the Russian Football Union (RFU) regulates each stage of transfer relations in detail. Specifically, the RFU Regulations establish sanctions for violating the procedure of athlete transfer. These sanctions can be applied to both sports clubs and athletes. At the same time, the legal nature of these sanctions remains ambiguous, as the RFU is not a governmental body authorized to hold individuals legally liable. Nevertheless, the doctrine often highlights the concept of sports liability as a unique type of liability because the RFU has the authority to hold individuals liable under this type of liability. In addition to sports liability, the possibility of holding participants in transfer relations liable under civil law remains debatable. On the one hand, a transfer contract is a civil law agreement and, accordingly, the general provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on obligations should apply to it. On the other hand, questions arise about the possibility of combining civil sanctions with sports sanctions and about the possibility of considering civil liability prior to sports liability. In this article, the authors answered the above questions and structured the liability systems in transfer relations. Conclusions were made about situations in which sports or civil liability is applied, as well as about the possibility of applying both types of liability for a single violation by a sports club or a football player.
Exploring the Presence of Risk Factors for Developing Hypocalcemia after Thyroid Surgery: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in Jordan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: In our study, we aim to identify the presence of certain risk factors for developing hypocalcemia among patients who underwent thyroid surgery at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) to help endocrine surgeons improve the clinical outcomes of their patients. Materials and methods:We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study at JUH located in Amman, Jordan.Our sample included 200 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at JUH over 2 years (2017-2018).We collected data retrospectively from the medical electronic files of patients.The studied factors included age, gender, comorbidities, surgery type, thyroid pathological results, cervical lymph node dissection, incidental removal of parathyroid glands, and preoperative and postoperative calcium and phosphorus levels.Hypocalcemia was defined as serum calcium level <8 mg/dL or the presence of its signs and symptoms.It was categorized into transient hypocalcemia (early and late) and permanent hypocalcemia.We applied descriptive statistics including charts, frequencies, and percentages.Results: Hypocalcemia was detected in 19 (9.5%) patients out of 200 postoperatively, from which 16 presented with transient hypocalcemia and three presented with permanent hypocalcemia.Around 16 patients out of 19 were females and only three were males.Total thyroidectomy constituted 68.4% of their surgical operations.Papillary carcinoma was the most common thyroid pathology followed by multinodular goiter.Three out of 12 patients who had central lymph node dissection experienced hypocalcemia.Conclusion: Important risk factors were present among patients who developed hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery at JUH.Our study helps in determining the high-risk groups of patients and constitutes the basis for further studies in our region.Clinical significance: Our study draws the attention of endocrine surgeons in our region to take more precautions among patients presenting with risk factors for developing hypocalcemia to help them avoid this complication after thyroidectomy.
Synthetic aperture radar image change detection based on an image fusion strategy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Change detection is a hot topic and of great importance in remote sensing. The logarithm operation can be an effective means of eliminating the influence of multiplicative noise in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. However, due to the nature of the logarithmic function, regions of change with high gray values are attenuated. In this study, we propose SAR to detect image changes based on an image fusion strategy by combining two different methods. First, we reduce speckle by non-subsampled shearlet transform in the log-domain, since this logarithmic function has the advantage of transforming multiplicative speckle noise into additive noise. As we know, the difference method always detects the areas with the largest changes. The difference method based on saliency extraction (SE) is applied to the exponent transformational SAR image to complement the disadvantage of WLR. WLR is used to obtain a change map of WLR to reduce the influence of SE when WLR does not detect the changed areas. Finally, two change maps can be added to obtain the final result. Experimental results for real SAR image pairs show the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and overall accuracy.
Acute fasting decreases the expression of GLUT1 and glucose utilisation involved in mouse oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Acute fasting impairs meiotic resumption and glucose consumption in mouse cumulus cell and oocyte complexes (COCs). This study examines the effects of acute fasting on the regulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression and glucose consumption in oocyte maturation. Our results indicate that the restriction of glucose utilisation by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) mimicked the inhibitory effects of acute fasting on oocyte meiotic resumption and cumulus cell expansion, effects that were rescued by high glucose concentrations in the culture medium. GLUT1 protein levels were higher in cumulus cells compared with oocytes, and GLUT1 expression in COCs increased with FSH treatment in vitro. However, under acute fasting conditions, GLUT1 expression in COCs decreased and the response to FSH disappeared. Exposure to high glucose conditions (27.5 mM and 55 mM), significantly increased both glucose consumption and GLUT1 levels in COCs. Inhibition of GLUT1 function using an anti-GLUT1 antibody significantly inhibited FSH-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. Taken together, these results suggest that acute fasting decreases GLUT1 expression and glucose utilisation, inhibiting the processes of oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion.
Suppression of Arabidopsis vesicle-SNARE expression inhibited fusion of H 2 O 2 -containing vesicles with tonoplast and increased salt tolerance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intracellular vesicle trafficking performs essential functions in eukaryotic cells, such as membrane trafficking and delivery of molecules to their destinations. A major endocytotic route in plants is vesicle trafficking to the vacuole that plays an important role in plant salt tolerance. The final step in this pathway is mediated by the AtVAMP7C family of vesicle soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (v-SNAREs) that carry out the vesicle fusion with the tonoplast. Exposure to high-salt conditions causes immediate ionic and osmotic stresses, followed by production of reactive oxygen species. Here, we show that the reactive oxygen species are produced intracellularly, in endosomes that were targeted to the central vacuole. Suppression of the AtVAMP7C genes expression by antisense AtVAMP711 gene or in mutants of this family inhibited fusion of H 2 O 2 -containing vesicles with the tonoplast, which resulted in formation of H 2 O 2 -containing megavesicles that remained in the cytoplasm. The antisense and mutant plants exhibited improved vacuolar functions, such as maintenance of ΔpH, reduced release of calcium from the vacuole, and greatly improved plant salt tolerance. The antisense plants exhibited increased calcium-dependent protein kinase activity upon salt stress. Improved vacuolar ATPase activity during oxidative stress also was observed in a yeast system, in a Δ Vamp7 knockout strain. Interestingly, a microarray-based analysis of the AtVAMP7C genes showed a strong down-regulation of most genes in wild-type roots during salt stress, suggesting an evolutionary molecular adaptation of the vacuolar trafficking.
Genetic and biochemical characterization of an acquired subgroup B3 metallo-棺-lactamase gene, bla AIM-1, and its unique genetic context in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Australia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (WCH2677, WCH2813, and WCH2837) isolated from the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, produced a metallo-棺-lactamase (MBL)-positive Etest result. All isolates were PCR negative for known MBL genes. A gene bank was created, and an MBL gene, designated blaAIM-1, was cloned and fully characterized. The encoded enzyme, AIM-1, is a group B3 MBL that has the highest level of identity to THIN-B and L1. It is chromosomal and flanked by two copies (one intact and one truncated) of an ISCR element, ISCR15. Southern hybridization studies indicated the movement of both ISCR15 and blaAIM-1 within the three different clinical isolates. AIM-1 hydrolyzes most 棺-lactams, with the exception of aztreonam and, to a lesser extent, ceftazidime; however, it possesses significantly higher kcat values for cefepime and carbapenems than most other MBLs. AIM-1 was the first mobile group B3 enzyme detected and signals further problems for already beleaguered antimicrobial regimes to treat serious P. aeruginosa and other Gram-negative infections.
Rwanda: U.S. Policy and Television Coverage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the formation of public opinion through television coverage and the impact of that Television Coverage (TV) coverage and public opinion on American policy. It also focuses on the TV coverage during the genocide in Rwanda since there was virtually no coverage of Rwanda until 6 April 1994. Rwanda was the first test case for a new, very cautious US posture toward humanitarian crises. The episodic coverage given to Rwanda by television news in the initial months of violence gave encouragement to the Clinton administration's limited policy response. To understand Rwanda in the spring of 1994 required something much more than vague references to tribalism and ancient ethnic conflicts. It requires an understanding of political ambitions, both in Rwanda and elsewhere. The chapter shows that the Clinton administration made a conscious effort to distance itself, and the policy process, from the effects of media images.