jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cumulative effects assessment for the sustainability analysis: a study on Dhaka City road transport sector

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on a technique for sustainability analysis through cumulative effects assessment (CEA) of road transport sector, the performance of which relies on the performances of the factors (stressors) affecting the system. Planning for a system's sustainability thus depends on the interconnectedness of system stressors and their degree of connectivity. Therefore CEA can be a potential analytical approach for sustainability analysis because it provides an integrated framework with environmental, social or economic considerations drawn from multiple stressors' connectivity of any complex system. The study aims in conceptualizing the process to assess the degree of connectedness among the stressors affecting Dhaka City's transport system through digraph and matrix analysis and conducting economic evaluation of the impacts on the system stakeholders.
Primary immune‐mediated neutropenia and precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia in a 4‐year‐old cat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 4‐year‐old, female, neutered, domestic shorthair was presented for acute onset of lethargy. The cat had been diagnosed with and treated for precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia 2 years before presentation. The clinical examination was unremarkable. Haematology and biochemistry revealed neutropenia and hyperglobulinaemia. Electrophoresis revealed polyclonal gammopathy. Toxoplasma spp. IgG/IgM, Bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus serology were negative. Urine culture was negative. A computed tomography scan of the thorax and abdomen revealed an enlarged spleen, and cytology was suggestive of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies were supportive of primary immune‐mediated neutropenia and recurrence of precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia. The cat was treated successfully with prednisolone and cyclosporine. The necessity to perform a bone marrow biopsy should be highlighted in this case, as the diagnosis of precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia and immune‐mediated neutropenia was based on bone marrow sampling, exclusion of infectious disorders and response to immunosuppressive medications.
The Amplification and Distribution of Integron Class in Vibrio cholerae O_1 and O_(139) Serotype

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To amplify integron class I gene frament and analyze its distribution in O 1 and O 139 serotype. Methods 40 strains of vibrio cholerae were collected. PCR primers of integron class I were desigened according to GenBank sequence. Integron class I gene fragment was amplified in proper conditions and PCR product were identified with restriction enzymes.The distribution of integron class I in differnet vibrio cholerae serotypes was analyzed. Result 800 bases pair gene fragment was amplified from vibrio cholerae O 1 and O 139 serotype. PCR product was identified with restriction enzymes PstI(671 bp and 127 bp),HindIII(580 bp,160 bp and 58 bp) and HindIII plus PstI(453 bp,160 bp,127 bp and 58 bp). More strains of vibrio cholerae O 1 serotype have integron class I gene than vibrio cholerae O 139 serotype. Conclusion Integron class I may be important in transmission of drug resistance and disperasion of vibrio cholerae serotype.
The research of peeling technology about thin-shelled walnut of Xinjiang

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peeling technology of thin-shelled walnut of Xinjiang was studied systematically.Three peeling methods were studied and compared.The results indicated that the best peeling method was walnuts were dipping in NaOH solution with 2% concentration for 4 min.Peeled walnuts had hard texture and not changed the color.
Pump Model for Drip Irrigation with Saline Water Powered by Photovoltaic Solar Panel with Direct and Intermittent Application

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation is extremely important for agricultural production. However, water salinity is a major threat both to the soil-plant combination and to the longevity of the materials that make up the irrigation system. Drip irrigation with direct and intermittent photovoltaic pumping can play a key role in optimizing irrigation with saline water. This article compares two pump models to understand which has the greatest capacity to reduce the risks of salinity in irrigated agriculture. The evaluation of the ideal pump was conducted using electrical and hydraulic parameters of the motor pump and quality parameters of the water applied by irrigation. The results indicate that the diaphragm pump is more sensitive to disturbances in irrigation management but makes the irrigation system with saline water more resistant to clogging.
Discrimination in the age of artificial intelligence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, I examine whether the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADM) aggravates issues of discrimination as has been argued by several authors. For this purpose, I first take up the lively philosophical debate on discrimination and present my own definition of the concept. Equipped with this account, I subsequently review some of the recent literature on the use AI/ADM and discrimination. I explain how my account of discrimination helps to understand that the general claim in view of the aggravation of discrimination is unwarranted. Finally, I argue that the use of AI/ADM can, in fact, increase issues of discrimination, but in a different way than most critics assume: it is due to its epistemic opacity that AI/ADM threatens to undermine our moral deliberation which is essential for reaching a common understanding of what should count as discrimination. As a consequence, it turns out that algorithms may actually help to detect hidden forms of discrimination.
Schacht, Horace Greeley Hjalmar (1877–1970)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Raised in an atmosphere of open-minded, liberal thinking in his family and of national patriotism among the general public, Schacht studies history of literature, German language and finally economics. Besides this he gained an education as a journalist. The theme of his doctoral thesis, 'Der theoretische Gehalt des englischen Merkantelismus', forced him to deepen his knowledge of finance, credit systems and foreign trade policy, which was relevant for his work in the years that followed. In 1903 he became an employee of the Dresdner Bank and in 1916 a member of the board of directors of the National Bank, which after its fusion with the Darmstädter Bank was one of the biggest banks in Germany.
Adverse responses of engineered nanomaterials at low and subtoxic exposure levels: current understanding and future perspectives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The rapid growth of nanotechnology applications and increased incorporation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into consumer products across most industry sectors necessitate a comprehensive understanding of their potential long-term risks to human health. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in establishing the fundamentals of nanotoxicology, which has improved our understanding of ENM toxicity particularly regarding their physicochemical properties (e.g. size, shape, surface charge). Furthermore, substantial efforts have been devoted to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying nano-bio interactions, which are not only important for understanding health risks but are also critical for advancing therapeutic applications. However, the assessment of ENM adverse responses at low and subtoxic exposure levels, chronically or within specific contexts (e.g. co-exposure to other toxicants) has not received much attention. This is particularly important as real-world exposure to ENMs (e.g. occupational, medicinal, consumer products) typically occurs at low exposure levels, over long periods of time, in the presence of other exposures or preexisting disease. Accumulating research is demonstrating that even in the absence of overt toxicity, exposure to ENMs may contribute to adverse health outcomes, including exacerbation of co-toxicities and co-diseases. This underscores the critical need for evaluating ENM-induced adverse responses beyond conventional toxicological endpoints which are often carried out at unrealistically high doses. In this review article, we discuss the current state of the literature and highlight key emerging findings demonstrating adverse consequences of ENM exposure at low and subtoxic levels. We also discuss current challenges and future directions to address existing knowledge gaps.
Implementation of a diabetes electronic personal health record within NHS Somerset: Initial user uptake of My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) Somerset

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Conway NT, Benson T, Bickerton A, Brodie D, Cunningham SG, Stephenson O, Wake DJ
Implementation of a diabetes electronic personal health record within NHS Somerset: Initial user uptake of My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) Somerset. Diabetes UK Conference, Liverpool 2019.
Implications of complex anatomical junctions on conductance catheter measurements of coronary arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In vivo, the position of the conductance catheter to measure vessel lumen cross-sectional area may vary depending on where the conductance catheter is deployed in the complex anatomical geometry of arteries, including branches, bifurcations, or curvatures. The objective here is to determine how such geometric variations affect the cross-sectional area (CSA) estimates obtained using the cylindrical model. Computer simulations and in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to assess how the electric field and associated CSA measurement accuracy are affected by three typical in vivo conditions: 1) a vessel with abrupt change in lumen diameter (e.g., transition from aorta to coronary ostia); 2) a vessel with a T-bifurcation or a Y-bifurcation; and 3) a vessel curvature, such as in the right coronary artery, aorta, or pulmonary artery. The error in diameter from simulation results was shown to be relatively small (<7%), unless the detection electrodes were placed near the junction between two different lumen diameters or at a bifurcation junction. Furthermore, the present findings show that the effect of misaligned catheter-vessel geometrical configuration and vessel curvature on measurement accuracy is negligible. Collectively, the findings support the accuracy of the conductance method for sizing blood vessels, despite the geometric complexities of the cardiovascular system, as long as the detection electrodes are not placed at a large discontinuity in diameter or at bifurcation junctions.
Port-wine stain as a clue for two rare coexisting entities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is an uncommon dermatosis characterised by the presence of both pigmentary and vascular abnormalities. 1 Its pathogenesis is not elucidated, and the prognosis is mainly determined by the presence of extracutaneous manifestations, such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), that is defined by the triad of a port-wine stain (PWS), anomalous veins and progressive overgrowth of the affected extremity. Herein, we report a case of an adult patient, who presented with a large PWS, nevus of Ota, ocular melanosis, and limb hypertrophy and varicosities. These findings represented a rare association of PPV type IIb and KTS.
Evaluation of somatic cell variants deficient in glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol anchoring as candidates for genetic correction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many cell surface glycoproteins are anchored in the lipid bilayer by a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) structure. Recently, a number of cell lines which are deficient in the biosynthesis and/or addition of this anchor have been described. In this report, we summarize the current knowledge on these lines and discuss their potential use to isolate the genes involved in the GPI anchor biosynthetic pathway with a specific emphasis on L cell fibroblasts.
Petroleum Legislative Frameworks and Contracts in a Federation: Issues for Constitutions, Petroleum Laws, Regulations, and Contracts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Discusses two fundamental issues for the petroleum sector: (1) legislative frameworks in a federation and (2) petroleum agreements and associated fiscal regimes. Properly structuring both the legislative framework that will govern a country's petroleum sector and the agreements and fiscal regime that will establish the parameters for particular investments proves essential to attracting foreign investment while ensuring that the host country maximizes the benefits it receives from the extraction of its natural resources. Without adequate foresight and planning, countries seeking to capitalize on resource wealth instead frequently find themselves less developed and less prosperous than similar countries that have not discovered natural resources. A number of best-practice principles exist that can help countries avoid the "resource curse" phenomenon, but the linchpin of each of these principles remains the adoption of a transparent and robust legal, regulatory, and fiscal framework that optimizes the exploitation of oil and gas in light of a country's particular circumstances.
MOESM2 of tRNA functional signatures classify plastids as late-branching cyanobacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2 Figure S1 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade A. Figure S2 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade B1. Figure S3 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade B2+3. Figure S4 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade C1. Figure S5 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade C3. Figure S6 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade E. Figure S7 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade F. Figure S8 Function Logos for Cyanobacterial Clade G. Figure S9 Normalized confusion matrices for (A) CYANO-MLP[!A], (B) CYANO-MLP[!B1], (C) CYANO-MLP[!B2+3], (D) CYANO-MLP[!C1], and (E) CYANO-MLP-BAL[!B1]. Where CYANO-MLP[!X] indicates variant of CYANO-MLP with clade X data excluded from training and BAL indicates clade balanced training data. Figure S10 Classification results of 100 bootstrap replicates of each Rhodophyta derived plastid genome. Results are summarized by Red plastid group with boxes spanning from the 25th percentile (bottom) to the 75th percentile (top) of bootstrap replicates classifying to the indicated Cyanobacterial clade per genome with the bisecting line marking the median value. Error bars indicate the shorter of either Â± the interquartile range or the span of bootstrap replicates per genome. Dots show bootstrap replicates for individual genomes. Plastid genome bootstrap replicates classifying to cyanobacteral clades (A) A, B1, B2+3, (B) C1, C3, E, F, or G. Figure S11 Classification results of 100 bootstrap replicates of each Chloroplastida derived plastid genome. (A) Bootstrap results for plastid genomes classifying to cyanobacterial clades A, B1, B2+3, C1, F, and G. (B) Bootstrap results for plastid genomes classifying to cyanobacterial clades C3 and E. Figure S12 Box plot of maximum classification probability of each plastid genome. Error bars are the lesser of 1.5 IQR or full range of data. CYANO-MLP[!X] indicates variant of CYANO-MLP with clade X data excluded from training and BAL indicates clade balanced training data.
Effect and mechanism of atorvastatin and rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effect and the mechanism of pretreatment with atorvastatin,rosiglitazone,atorvastatin plus rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Method:Sixty-three SD rats were randomly divided into shame-operated group n=7(normal saline,2ml·d-1),I/R group n=14(normal saline,2ml·d-1),atorvastatin group n=14(atorvastatin,20mg·kg-1·d-1),rosiglitazone group n=14(rosiglitazone,3mg·kg-1·d-1)and atorvastatin+rosiglitazone group n=14(atorvastatin,20mg·kg-1·d-1+rosiglitazone 3mg·kg-1·d-1).After one week of pretreatment,rats were subjected to 30min of left-anterior-descending coronary artery(LAD)occlusion and 60min reperfusion.After reperfusion,the area at risk(AAR)was determined using Evans blue and infarct area(IR)using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining.Total superoxide Dismustase(TSOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA) of myocardial tissue,nitric oxide(NO),creatin kinase(CK)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in blood serum were measured.Result:In comparison with I/R group,atorvastain,rosiglitazone,atorvastatin plus rosiglitazone decreased LDH,CK,MDA and increased the activity of TSOD,the content of NO(all P0.01).Atorvastatin plus rosiglitazone exert better preventive effect(all P0.01).Conclusion:Atorvastatin,rosiglitazone,atorvastatin plus rosiglitazone appear to have a protective effect in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion.The mechanism is mediated by enhancing endothelial release NO,increasing TSOD activity and decreasing MDA.
Changes in Glacial Area Extent in Auyuittuq National Park, Pangnirtung

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

With global temperatures rising four times faster in the Canadian Arctic compared to global averages, glaciers in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) are starting to shrink at an alarming rate (Paul et al., 2020). To quantify rates of change, frequent updates of glacial outlines to provide an accurate database for monitoring are needed (Schaffer et al., 2017). Rundle, Nerutusoq, and Fort Beard Glaciers are all located on the Penny Ice Cap within Auyuittuk National Park, Baffin Island, Canada. Using a combination of aerial photography and ArcGIS Pro, I examined the historical and recent changes in glacial area extents. High resolution historical aerial photographs from the National Air Photo Library dating to September 1959 were manually georeferenced onto ArcGIS Pro. Photogrammetry techniques were then used to combine the aerial photographs into one combined orthographic image. The historic glaciers were then outlined using a manual technique based on the pixel size (8 μm) of the images using ArcGIS Pro. This allows me to compare glacial outlines from 2010 using the Randolph glacier inventory and 2022 using manual outline techniques described, respectively. Because using a manual technique can create accuracy limitation, specifically during the georeferencing process, I compared results for both time periods using an automatic method. Results from my work will provide estimates of changes in glacier area over time, the relative precision of different methods, and weather rates of shrinkage have increased over time. ReferencesPaul, F., Rastner, P., Azzoni, R. S., Diolaiuti, G., Fugazza, D., Le Bris, R., Nemec, J., Rabatel, A., Ramusovic, M., Schwaizer, G., & Smiraglia, C. (2020). Glacier shrinkage in the Alps continues unabated as revealed by a New Glacier Inventory from sentinel-2. Earth System Science Data, 12(3), 1805–1821. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1805-2020 Schaffer, N., Copland, L., & Zdanowicz , C. (2017). Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s. Journal of Glaciology, 63(240), 716–730. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.40
The cross-strait relationship between China and Taiwan in light of international law: not quite a mere domestic affair …

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Taiwan is one of the most critical questions in current international affairs. China’s tough interpretation of the ‘one-China policy’ (there is one China, Taiwan belongs to it and is bound to reunite under the sole legitimate government, i.e. Beijing), is at odds with Taiwan increasingly distancing itself from the mainland. China no longer hides its military plans to gain control of Taiwan, should the latter persist in its determination not to reunite or formally declare its independence. The present article looks at two issues that are crucial and intertwined: the much-debated question concerning the status of Taiwan under international law, and the much ... less debated question of whether it would be lawful for China to resort to armed force to establish its rule over Taiwan. Recent state practice highlights a significant trend towards restricting resort to force against stabilised, post-conflict, de facto entities, with Taiwan representing a paradigmatic case.
Interpolymer complex formation of some nonionogenic polymers with linear and crosslinked polyacrylic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The formation of interpolymer complexes on the surface of crosslinked poly (acrylic acid) with some nonionogenic polymers is compared with the complex formation in analogous linear polymer systems. The behavior of these systems is compared with that of complexes of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The concentration redistribution of the linear polymer in the system polyelectrolyte network‐polymer solution and the degree of swelling of this network in these solutions were determined. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MODELING THE RESPONSE OF AN ENZYME POTENTIOMETRIC BIOSENSOR BASED ON pH-SENSITIVE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS FOR CREATININE DETERMINATION

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work presents a simulation of the kinetics of the responses of a potentiometric biosensor based on a differential pH-sensitive field-effect transistor (pH-FET) for the determination of creatinine using a bioselective element – the enzyme creatine deiminase. The modeling took into account such characteristics of the pH-FET as the threshold voltage and steepness of the transient I-V characteristic of the transistor, the composition and density of functional groups on the surface of the two-layer gate dielectric silicon oxide-nitride. The evolution of the change in the pH value of the solution near the transistor surface in response to the introduction of creatinine and the corresponding kinetics of the biosensor response are shown. The effect of enzyme immobilization in the PVA-SbQ photopolymer matrix on the enzyme concentration in the bioselective membrane is considered and the effect of the ionic strength of the buffer solution on the biosensor response is theoretically investigated. The obtained model results were compared with the experimental responses of the pH-FET of the creatinine biosensor in the range of substrate concentrations of 1-10 mM and their good correspondence was shown. The average modeling error was no more than 2% of the response value to the addition of 1 mM creatinine. It was shown that the calculated sensitivity values of the considered pH-FETs are in the range of 35-40 mV/pH for the working pH values of the solution, which corresponds to real sensor samples.
Nuclear energy density functionals constrained by low-energy QCD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Relativistic nuclear energy density functionals are formulated and developed, guided by two important features that establish connections with chiral dynamics and the sym- metry breaking pattern of low-energy QCD: a) strong scalar and vector fields related to in-medium changes of QCD vacuum condensates; b) the long- and intermediate-range interactions generated by one-and two-pion exchange, derived from in-medium chiral per- turbation theory.