jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cohesion to life on the land of migration: Olympic education and refugees

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to global migration, addressing essential needs like nutrition, housing, and security has become a pressing concern for migrants and host communities, with social cohesion being a primary focus. To promote social cohesion, many state policies now include provisions that aim to leverage cultural and lifestyle differences as assets. This research examines the role of Olympic education programmes implemented through sports in establishing social cohesion among refugees. A qualitative single case study approach was used, collecting data through interviews and documents. Thematic analysis revealed intergroup conflict as a major obstacle to social cohesion, and the programme was seen as a potential mitigating factor. Stakeholders had diverse but similar goals and took action to achieve them. The programme's outcomes contributed to targeted development, with stakeholders recognizing the importance of a long-term social cohesion process. Short-term achievements also indicated potential medium and long-term changes.
Optimalisasi kinerja organisasi melalui gaya kepemimpinan yang efektif untuk mencapai kepuasan kerja: sebuah studi literatur

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The potential success of a business depends on its organizational performance, meaning its ability to implement strategies effectively to achieve institutional goals. This study aims to describe a number of studies regarding organizational performance through effective leadership styles to achieve job satisfaction. The research method uses a literature review system with the stages of data analysis compare, contrast, and criticize. The research results show that leaders play an integral role in both organizational success and employee performance. Leadership requires special skills and abilities that are useful in complex leadership situations. Social competence and emotional intelligence must exist in every organization, so that even if there is conflict or upheaval within the organization, employees can still be motivated to work at full capacity because they feel satisfaction at work. Organizations that are oriented towards improving organizational performance must be able to fulfill employee job satisfaction, which in turn helps stimulate better employee performance and improve organizational performance.
Risk Analysis of Dry Land Rice Production on the Impact of Climate Change and Weather

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Food crops are highly dependent on climatic conditions, because food crops, especially annual crops, are closely related to excess or lack of water.Demanding district is included in dryland agriculture where the availability of water depends on rain and pumps from the nearest river.The study aims a) to analyze the sources of dryland farming risk, b) to analyze the probability and impact of production risk in dryland farming, and c) to analyze alternative production risk strategies in dryland rice farming.The results showed that the risk sources that could reduce rice productivity were plant-disturbing organisms and weather factors.The highest risk sources from plant-disturbing organisms are blast disease and leaf blights, leafhoppers, and a combination of leafhoppers and leaf spot disease.Sources of risk due to weather factors are drought and strong winds.The probability of production risk in dryland rice farming is highest due to disease.The lowest risk productivities are caused by a combination of pest and disease attacks.The impact of highest production risk on dryland rice farming is the weather factor because it is a factor that is difficult to predict and overcome.The risk map for rice production is located in quadrant two, which shows a high probability of production risk and a high risk of loss impact.Strategies that are carried out to handle production risks are preventive strategies and mitigation strategies.
Secondary Atomization of Newtonian Liquids in the Bag Breakup Regime: Comparison of Model Predictions to Experimental Data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Secondary atomization refers to the fragmentation of liquid drops due to aerodynamic forces exerted by a surrounding gas-phase. It is important in the context of combustion applications as improved understanding of the underlying physical phenomena can lead to better engine efficiencies. In the current work we examine one aspect of the secondary atomization process i.e., the deformation of an inviscid drop when exposed suddenly to a flowing air stream. The bag breakup mode is one such deformation/fragmentation process characterized by flattening of the spherical drop leading to the formation of a bag bounded by a thick rim which eventually collapses to form smaller droplets. The present work seeks to advance the current understanding by comparing experimental evidence with theoretical predictions.
How Stressed are Birds in an Urbanizing Landscape? Relationships between the Physiology of Birds and Three Levels of Habitat Alteration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study we measured two physiological traits (levels of corticosterone and immunoglobulin) in two species of landbirds, the Canyon Towhee (Melozone fusca) and Inca Dove (Columbina inca), occupying three degrees of human alteration of a subtropical mountain landscape: forest edges, croplands, and urban sites. We found that both physiological variables differed by species and habitat condition. In both species, corticosterone concentration was significantly higher in croplands. But immunoglobulin concentration behaved differently, in C. inca being highest at urban sites, where in M. fusca it was lowest. Contrary to expectation, we only found one strong significant relationship between both physiological variables: M. fusca in urban areas. Our results suggest that 30% of the towhees captured in urban areas are under chronic stress. Results for body condition support this hypothesis, as the condition of towhees in urban areas was poorer, suggesting physiological vulnerability. Although we expected the density of both species to be high in urban areas because of the amount and predictability of resources, we found a significantly lower density of M. fusca in urban areas, suggesting that the habitat variables influencing the physiological condition of M. fusca affected its population density. In summary, our results suggest that a substantial proportion of Canyon Towhees in the urban area studied have physiological limitations, while the Inca Dove seems to have an appropriate physiological response despite low values for body condition in urban areas.
Write Your Roots Disrupted: Community Writing in Performance in the Time of COVID

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents a profile of the community writing and performance project Write Your Roots, organized by the author, which was disrupted by the impact of COVID-19 in early 2020. The project narrative is framed by the theoretical basis for the project, rooted in the concept of "making space," which borrows from Michel de Certeau's concepts of space and Sidney Dobrin's definition of "occupation." The article then offers a narrative of the Write Your Roots project in Providence, RI in 2020 leading up to and beyond the effects of COVID-19. Following the narrative, the author reflects on the project, reading its disruption through its theoretical framework to draw conclusions about the importance of liveness and publicness toward the project goals of "making space."
Cocoon of the silkwormAntheraea pernyias an example of a thermally insulating biological interface

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biological materials are hierarchically organized complex composites, which embrace multiple practical functionalities. As an example, the wild silkworm cocoon provides multiple protective functions against environmental and physical hazards, promoting the survival chance of moth pupae that resides inside. In the present investigation, the microstructure and thermal property of the Chinese tussah silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) cocoon in both warm and cold environments under windy conditions have been studied by experimental and numerical methods. A new computational fluid dynamics model has been developed according to the original fibrous structure of the Antheraea pernyi cocoon to simulate the unique heat transfer process through the cocoon wall. The structure of the Antheraea pernyi cocoon wall can promote the disorderness of the interior air, which increases the wind resistance by stopping most of the air flowing into the cocoon. The Antheraea pernyi cocoon is wind-proof due to the mineral crystals deposited on the outer layer surface and its hierarchical structure with low porosity and high tortuosity. The research findings have important implications to enhancing the thermal function of biomimetic protective textiles and clothing.
Method for the Analysis of δ18O in Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new method has been developed for the oxygen isotopic analysis of water utilizing the exchange of oxygen atoms with nitrite followed by conversion of nitrite to nitrous oxide by hydrazoic acid. This method is analogous to that employing carbon dioxide equilibration in that the analyte is added as a reagent to the water sample and exchanges oxygen isotopes with the water. In this procedure, however, the equilibration is more rapid and less sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, as the exchange is terminated by conversion of nitrite to nitrous oxide prior to analysis. The nitrous oxide is then analyzed using an on-line purge and trap system coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. This method makes use of previously established methods for nitrite isotopic analysis and commercially available equipment. It has high throughput, relatively low standard deviation (0.1 per thousand or better), and small sample size (down to 100 microL), is simple, and is applicable to both fresh- and seawater samples.
Current vaccine candidate of toxoplasmosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite belonging from the phylum Apicomplexa, known for causing toxoplasmosis. The disease has a global presence, affecting about one-third of the world’s population. The parasite infects various intermediate hosts, including humans and other warm-blooded mammals, with cats serving as the definitive hosts. Its life cycle is complex, featuring a sexual phase in the definitive host and an asexual phase in intermediate hosts. Toxoplasmosis can leads severe neurologic, ocular, and systemic diseases in neonates and immunocompromised individuals. In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is typically asymptomatic, forming dormant tissue cysts in immune-privileged sites such as the muscles and brain. During pregnancy, toxoplasmosis poses significant health risks, potentially causing severe birth defects or miscarriage, and a major concern for immunocompromised hosts. Current control measures are inadequate, highlighting the need for effective vaccines. The initial host defense against T. gondii occurs at the intestinal mucosa, where cytokines and chemokines released by intestinal epithelial cells facilitate the migration of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Developing a vaccine that can enhance this mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing toxoplasmosis. Therefore, the development of vaccines against T.gondii is a promising alternative mechanism to prevent toxoplasmosis. This review aims to present the current status of vaccine candidates against Toxoplasma gondii.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Restoran Bebek Garing Tengah Sawah

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The initial implementation of this research was based on observations and supported by comments on Google review. From the results of observations and Google reviews, problems were found regarding service quality and customer satisfaction at the Bebek Garing Tengah Sawah Restaurant. The purpose of this research is to determine the influenced of service quality on customer satisfaction at Bebek Garing Tengah Sawah Restaurant. This research is a quantitative descriptive using a causal associative method. The population of the study were all customers who visited the Bebek Garing Tengah Sawah Restaurant. The sample in this study amounted to 248 people taken through a purposive sampling technique. Collecting data information in this study used a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 4 scores which were tested for validity and reliability. Testing the analysis prerequisites with the normality and homogeneity tests of the data. The data is then tested for the hypothesis with a simple linear regression test and test the coefficient of determination. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the positive influence of service quality on customer satisfaction, service quality had an effect of 20.7% on customer satisfaction and the other 79.3% was an influence caused by variables that were not in this study.
ECVAM's Response to the Changing Political Environment for Alternatives: Consequences of the European Union Chemicals and Cosmetics Policies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) has restructured its services by directly targeting the animal tests that need to be replaced. In view of the short time-lines for making available and implementing validated methods, ECVAM is offering to steer the process by bringing together the inputs of stakeholders and encouraging the early involvement of regulators. In essence, steering groups formed by ECVAM senior staff, and complemented with external experts, will carry out the project management and will coordinate the various inputs.
Genetic diversity of strawberry cultivars in Banyuroto, Magelang, Indonesia based on Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Arif MF, Aristya GR, Kasiamdari RS. 2019. Genetic diversity of strawberry cultivars in Banyuroto, Magelang, Indonesia based on Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence. Biodiversitas 20: 1721-1728. Banyuroto Village, Magelang, Central Java is the center of strawberry (Fragaria spp.) development and cultivation program. The mild climate makes the location very suitable for developing sub-tropic horticulture such as strawberry. Various kinds of cultivars have been developed as part of the agrotourism program. However, genetic variation research of those cultivars is still rarely done. Therefore, the molecular study of strawberry was conducted to determine the genetic variation using CAPS markers. DNA of Five strawberry cultivars from Banyuroto and seven strawberry cultivars from Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Malang were isolated using the CTAB method. DNA amplification was performed by PCR using four pairs of primers named APx, OLP, F3H2, and CTI2. The amplification results were cut with three kinds of restriction endonuclease enzymes named MboI, MluI, and TaqI. Restriction product was used to analyze the genetic variation of twelve cultivars and to construct the dendrogram using MVSP software with the UPGMA algorithm. The result showed that the percentage of polymorphic was 45% from 9 polymorphic bands. Dendrogram result showed that there were four clusters. Cluster A consists of Stroberi Hitam, Cluster B consists of Californica Cultivars, cluster C consists of Osso Grande and Osso Purbalingga cultivars, and cluster D consists of Rosalinda, Deeprose, Dorit, Earlibrite, Tristar, Festival, Brastagi, and Aerut. This research concluded that CAPS markers can be used as a method for study genetic diversity of strawberries.
Potential Regulatory Role of the Conversed Elements in Sox23'Untranslated Region

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor Sox2 is one of the earliest determinants of
the neural system in vertebrate and plays crucial roles in stem cell
maintenance. Through bioinformatical analysis, we found that the
3'untranslated regions (3'UTR) of vertebrate Sox2 mRNAs (especially the
300 bases at the most 3' end) are highly conserved and contain four
conserved AU rich fragments. Through reporter gene analysis, we
evaluated the effects of the Sox2 full length 3'UTR and the conserved
fragments on gene expression in Xenopus laevis	embryos and cultured
cells. The results showed that the conserved fragment 2 from the 3'UTR
of Xenoups laevis Sox2 was able to increase the reporter gene
expression significantly, indicating the possibility that the
expression level of Sox2 might be regulated post-transcriptionally
through its 3'UTR.
A color imaging system by the lens with chromatic aberrations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An image restoration based on a color synthesis method is applied to the color imaging system by the lens with chromatic aberration. Using the continuous-discrete model in which spatial and spectral distribution of the object is considered continuously, the color imaging system with chromatic aberration is mathematically modeled and the technique of reconstructing an arbitrary color band image from the observed color images is present. Moreover, the focus adjustment can be done after the capture of the image by using the proposed imaging system.
Biomineralized polypropylene/CaCO3 composite nonwoven meshes for oil/water separation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Polypropylene/calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) composite nonwoven meshes were prepared on the basic principle of biomineralization by using a facile alternate soaking process (ASP) within 20 min. Negatively charged poly(acrylic acid) brushes, which can induce CaCO 3 nucleation, were first tethered onto the fiber surface of polypropylene nonwoven meshes via UV‐induced graft polymerization. ASP procedure was followed to mineralize CaCO 3 particles on the fiber surface and to form the composite nonwoven meshes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance, field emission scanning electron microscope, equipped X‐ray spectroscope, and X‐ray diffraction were used to characterize the prepared composite meshes. The mineral cover density increased with the ASP cycles, and it progressively increased for the relative content of calcite in the crystalline part of the mineral layer as well. Contact angle measurements indicate that the as‐prepared composite nonwoven meshes were endowed with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, thus they showed prominent application prospects in wastewater treatment and oil/water separation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39897.
Protecting an area from bottom trawling affects trophic relationships in demersal species

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study examines how protecting the Site of Community Importance Menorca Channel (western Mediterranean) from bottom trawling affects the feeding behaviour of commercially exploited species. We examined taxonomic diet composition, prey quality (caloric value) and stable isotope signatures (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) across protected, moderately fished, and heavily trawled areas. Fish species Mullus surmuletus and Serranus cabrilla benefited from protection by consuming more high-energy prey resulting in higher caloric intake. Other species, such as Chelidonichthys lastoviza, Scorpaena notata, and Octopus vulgaris, showed more variable or limited responses, due to opportunistic feeding habits or prey preferences less affected by trawling. The combination of stomach content analysis and prey calorimetry provided better insights into energy intake than prey composition alone, which may miss short-term or fine-scale dietary changes. δ¹⁵N revealed no clear overall shifts in trophic level after protection from trawling, but isotopic niche width did vary, reflecting different foraging strategies and habitat use. The relationship between body size and trophic level was evident in protected areas for M. surmuletus and C. lastoviza, suggesting ontogenetic dietary shifts supported by increased prey availability. Overall, the study highlights species-specific trophic responses to fishing closure and suggests that diet tracing methods should be combined to better understand the ecological effects of marine protected areas.
Oxidative stress and ageing: is ageing a cysteine deficiency syndrome?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produced in biological tissues and play a role in various signalling pathways. Abnormally high ROS concentrations cause oxidative stress associated with tissue damage and dysregulation of physiological signals. There is growing evidence that oxidative stress increases with age. It has also been shown that the life span of worms, flies and mice can be significantly increased by mutations which impede the insulin receptor signalling cascade. Molecular studies revealed that the insulin-independent basal activity of the insulin receptor is increased by ROS and downregulated by certain antioxidants. Complementary clinical studies confirmed that supplementation of the glutathione precursor cysteine decreases insulin responsiveness in the fasted state. In several clinical trials, cysteine supplementation improved skeletal muscle functions, decreased the body fat/lean body mass ratio, decreased plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), improved immune functions, and increased plasma albumin levels. As all these parameters degenerate with age, these findings suggest: (i) that loss of youth, health and quality of life may be partly explained by a deficit in cysteine and (ii) that the dietary consumption of cysteine is generally suboptimal and everybody is likely to have a cysteine deficiency sooner or later.
Consumer Insights Towards Branded and Non-Branded Spices in Barabanki District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Spices hold a pivotal position within the culinary traditions of India, esteemed for their unique flavors, alluring aromas, and health-promoting properties. However, the phenomenon of adulteration in spices has surfaced as a pressing concern, endangering food safety and public health. The objective of our study was to assess the consumer perceptions and price differences in branded and non-branded/unpackaged spices. Our survey-derived data represents the purchasing behaviors of 120 consumers. The majority of consumers exhibits a preference for packaged/branded spices, while significant number of consumers/purchaser like to purchase non-branded/unpackaged varieties. Consumers demonstrate confidence in the quality of branded spices, although pricing remained a critical consideration for majority of consumers in their purchasing decisions. Finding of this study reveals that people are aware about using safe and hygienic spices. Branded spices provide the confidence of quality but at a high cost. This forces poor people to purchase non branded/unpackaged spices at low prices that may sometimes, harmful. We strongly recommend consumer awareness and monitoring of the enforcement of FSSAI standards that are crucial for ensuring the availability of pure and safe spices in the open market for everyone.