jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE MANAGEMENT OF HEPATITIS B DURING PREGNANCY AMONG SPECIALIST AND RESIDENTS OF THE OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY: A SURVEY STUDY FROM TURKEY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this study, it is aimed to assess the levels of knowledge of specialists and residents of gynecology and obstetrics in Turkey, concerning management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive pregnant women. A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted on Gynecology and Obstetrics specialists and residents between November 2019 and February 2020. Questionnaire form concerning management of HBV-positive pregnant women, which was prepared by researchers on the basis of literature, has been sent to Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics and departments of Turkey via online means. The questionnaire form consisted of sections including socio-demographic characteristics (age group, gender, time spent as a specialist doctor/resident (years), place of work) and assessing the level of knowledge concerning the management of HBV(+) pregnant women. The questions in this section were created by the researchers based on the literature. These questions are not questions of a scale whose validity and reliability studies have been conducted. Knowledge Level Score on the management of HBV-positive pregnant women (KLS) has been calculated in a range of 0 to 18 points. Statistics Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 215 physicians, including 50 residents (23.3%) and 165 (76.7%) specialists, have participated in the study. Since normal distribution was not observed as a result of normality evaluation, mean values are presented as median (25%-75%). Median KLS was found as 8.0 (7.0-10.0). In residents, KLS was 8.0 (6.75-9.0), and in specialists, it was 8.0 (7.0-10.0). There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of residents and specialists. The median level of knowledge of the physicians participating in the study about Hepatitis B treatment in pregnant women was 8.0 (7.0-10.0). This score was interpreted as “inadequate” out of a maximum of 18 points, by researchers. Despite limitations, this study has shown the inadequacy of level of knowledge of gynecologists and obstetricians in Turkey concerning management of Hepatitis B in pregnant women. There is a need for further studies and continuous training of Gynecologists and Obstetricians.
Aortic pressure-area relation in Marfan patients with and without β blocking agents: a new non-invasive approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the heterogeneous response to β blockade in patients with Marfan syndrome by non-invasive assessment of the aortic pressure-area curve. Design and patients: 25 patients with the Marfan syndrome who used β blocking agents (mean (SD) age, 29 (10) years; 20 men, five women), seven without β blockade (34 (14) years; five men, two women), and 10 controls (29 (5) years; seven men, three women) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and non-invasive continuous blood pressure measurement. Pressure-area curves were constructed at the level of the descending thoracic aorta. A transition point was defined as the pressure at which the pressure-area relation deviated from its elastic (linear) to the collagen (exponential) course. Setting: Tertiary referral centre for adult congenital heart disease. Results: In six patients (five with and one without β blockade), a transition point in the pressure-area curve was observed, indicating that the load bearing component was not only elastin but also collagen. In the remaining 26 Marfan patients and in the control subjects a linear pressure-area relation was observed. Conclusions: This new non-invasive method to derive aortic pressure-area curves showed that most patients with Marfan syndrome have a similar pressure-area curve to controls with similar blood pressures. Five patients on β blockade showed a transition point in the pressure-area curve which could play a crucial role in the heterogeneous response to β blocker treatment in Marfan patients. Patients with a transition at low blood pressures may not benefit from β blocking agents.
Effect of feeding fine maize particles on the reticular pH, milk yield and composition of dairy cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The particle size of cereal grains has been found to modulate the rate of passage from the rumen and the digestibility of starch and neutral detergent fibre ( NDF ), but few studies have examined its impact on reticular p H . The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding finely ground maize on the risk of ruminal acidosis, milk yield and composition. Twelve H olstein‐ F riesian cows were assigned to one of two experimental groups and fed according to a cross‐over design. Diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and were characterised by the same NDF and ADF , differing only in maize particle size. In the control diet ( C t), the maize meal was ground to 1.0 mm, whereas in the experimental diet, it was finely ground ( F g) to 0.5 mm. The p H and temperature of the reticulum were continuously measured in eight cows throughout the trial using indwelling sensors. Dry matter intake was higher in cows offered F g diet than in C t (19.0 vs. 20.3 kg/day; p = 0.067). However, milk yield (p = 0.855) and the 3.5% fat‐corrected milk ( FCM ) (p = 0.724) did not show any differences between the diets. Casein (2.48 vs. 2.57%; p = 0.035) and crude protein (CP) (3.18 vs. 3.31%; p = 0.021) resulted higher in F g. Similarly, starch digestibility increased in animals offered F g diet versus C t (0.94 vs. 0.98; p = 0.078). Among the reticular parameters, the F g‐fed cows spent a significantly higher time below the 5.5 p H threshold (15 vs. 61 min/day; p = 0.047) and had an average daily variation in reticular p H characterised by a lower nadir p H (5.95 vs. 5.72; p < 0.001) and a higher p H range (0.79 vs. 0.94; p = 0.003). In this study, grain particle size affected the risk of the onset of ruminal acidosis. Therefore, it should be carefully considered when formulating rations.
Aspects of Transmission of the Citrus Stubborn Agent by Scaphytopius Nitridus (DeLong)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An isolate of Spiroplasnza citri Saglio, e t al. (designed -215), obtained from a naturally infected sweet orange seedling a t Moreno, Riverside County, California, was acquired by nymphs and adults of Scaphytopiz~s nitridus (DeLong) and transmitted by adults to indicator plants.Males and females transmitted the pathogen but no transovarian transmission occurred.Acquisition occurred during access periods of 2 hours or longer; transmission required access periods of a t least 6 hours.Adults began transmitting 16-18 days after initiation of the acquisition access period and transmission continued a t least 20 days.Adults fed 2 days on an infected plant, then 19 days on celery, subsequently transmitted the -215 isolate and two isolates from turnip and from Circulifer tenellus (Baker), respectively, from the state of Washington, a t similar rates when fed on Madagascar periwinkle plants a t the rate of 25, 50 or 100 adults per plant.
STUDYING THE THERMOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SINTERING WITH ALKALI CONCENTRATE FROM WASTE COPPER TAILINGS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A long period of deposit development leads to a reduction in the volume of balance reserves of ores, while the volume of accumulation of waste (tailings) from mining and processing production increases. In connection with this, an urgent problem is the processing of waste tailings, which can serve as an additional source of commercial products of non-ferrous metals. The set objectives can be achieved by implementing comprehensive extraction of valuable components, reducing fuel, and energy costs at the stage of low-temperature sintering to produce white soot (grade BS-100). In order to determine the amount of heat of chemical reactions during sintering of rough copper concentrate with sodium hydroxide, thermochemical calculations were carried out. For the research, we used rough copper concentrate with a copper content of 4.40% and silver of 77.03 g/t. An equation has been obtained for calculating the heat of chemical reactions of rough concentrate sintering. According to this equation, the greatest contribution to the heat release is provided by the iron content (60%), three times less and equally (19%) - copper and silicon and about 0.2% is absorbed by aluminum. The thermal effect of sintering will be -920.45 kW·h/t of concentrate. From the heat balance of sintering it follows that with an alkali consumption of up to 200% of the mass of the concentrate. The heat of chemical reactions will be sufficient for the autogeneity of the process. Research has been carried out on sintering the concentrate with alkali in the temperature range of 250-500 °C and obtaining white soot from a productive leaching solution with the extraction of 60% silicon. White soot (mSiO2·nH2O) was isolated by two-stage carbonization of a silicate solution with carbon dioxide in a recirculation system with further washing of the precipitate with a solution of sulfuric acid. For citation: Karimova L.M., Kairalapov Ye.T., Makascheva G.K., Kharchenko Ye.M. Studying the thermochemical characteristics of sintering with alkali concentrate from waste copper tailings. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 7. P. 72-79. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.7004.
Electroproduction De Photons Et De Pions Sur Le Proton Au Quadrimoment De Transfert Q$^2$ = 1.0 Gev$^2$. Mesure Des Sections Efficaces Et Extraction Des Polarisabilites Generalisees

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

En physique hadronique, la structure du nucleon et le confinement des quarks sont des problemes toujours d'actualite. Les reactions d'electro-production de pions neutres et de difusion Compton virtuelle permettent d'acceder a de nouvelles observables decrivant cette structure. Ce travail porte sur l'experience de diffusion Compton virtuelle realisee a Jefferson Lab en 1998. Le faisceau d'electrons d'energie 4 GeV est envoye sur une cible cryogenique d'hydrogene, et l'electron et le proton difuses sont detectes en coincidence grâce aux deux spectrometres du Hall A. Le photon (pion) est detecte par une technique de particule manquante. L'analyse des donnees de cette experience a permis d'extraire les sections efficaces des deux processus au quadrimoment de transfert Q2=1 GeV2. La section efficace de diffusion Compton virtuelle a ete extraite pour la premiere fois dans la region des resonances du proton (W compris entre 1.0 et 2.0 GeV) par l'intermediaire de l'electroproduction de photon. Autour du seuil de production de pion jusqu'a la region de la resonance Delta(1232), ces resultats permettent de mesurer les polarisabilites generalisees, qui decrivent la structure du proton au meme titre que les facteurs de forme elastiques. De plus, la mesure de la section efficace d'electro-production de pions neutres dans la region des resonances a permis d'apporter des contraintes sur les modeles phenomenologiques existants.
Enhancing quality of code smell detection on Java byte code

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A software clone occurs when two code fragments are identical to each other in the source code. Clones are considered harmful for code maintenance and evolution, because it increases complexity of the system; therefore the software maintenance costs. Many code clone detection techniques have been proposed to detect clones like text based, token based, metric based, AST based and PDG based. These techniques have been critically evaluated based on a number of efficiency measure parameters like metric value evaluation, runtime etc. But in the existing methods, many false positive clones are detected which cause low precision value. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to improve precision value of clone detection. We have found our hybrid technique better compared to the existing CloneDR in respect to precision, recall, false positive and false negative.
Managerial tools & internet the sources of competitive advantage of firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge of Production technology and information communication technology covers many aspects of the knowledge proeess in firm. Digital Manufacturing is one of the core strategies of the EuropeanManufacture vision and strategic agenda towards the knowledge based production. It is driven by the application and standardization of information and communication technologies and the increasing demand for the effieiency of operations in global networks. The knowledge managerial tools and information technology are forming a bridge between knowledge creation and knowledge utilization. On one side they are used to enhance creativiiy and on the other side, they optimize knowledge work and improve efficiency and productivity. Indicators like productivity, profitability and market share could be improved by using internet and managerial tools. In this work we try to give insights that can help to understand the role of managerial tools and lnternet as a competitive weapon in modern firms.
Two stage stochastic optimisation of highly distributed PV/Battery microgrids with grid connection

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The reducing price of photo-voltaic systems and storage batteries suggests that it is possible for energy consumers to justify investment in Photo Voltaic (PV)/Battery distributed energy systems however systems size and potential gains are limited by power quality issues on low voltage circuits. This paper suggests an architecture where a large PV/Battery and external monitoring and control is sized to minimise consumer energy costs while at the same time maintaining Low Voltage (LV) circuit power quality. The paper suggests a two-stage approach to system design. Stage one uses a novel stochastic programming optimisation technique to establish the size of the system (for a given geographic location) assuming the cost of grid import energy but zero income for exported energy. The second stage examines the cost benefit of increasing system size to exploit income from exported energy.
Dormancy induction by summer temperatures and/or desiccation in imbibed seeds of trumpet daffodils Narcissus alcaracensis and N. longispathus (Amaryllidaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We analysed the effects of summer temperatures (28/14 °C) and/or desiccation (from 48% to 8% humidity) on imbibed Narcissus alcaracensis and N. longispathus seeds with an elongating embryo. In the N. alcaracensis seeds that overcame dormancy (embryo elongation = 27.14%), exposure to high temperatures induced secondary dormancy and reduced subsequent embryo growth. A further 3‐month cold stratification (5 °C) was required to break secondary dormancy. Desiccation in early embryo growth stages (elongation = 11.42%) also reduced germination. Desiccation in the seeds in a more advanced growth stage ( i.e . embryo elongation = 27.14%) induced secondary dormancy, which the further 3‐month cold stratification did not overcome. When desiccation was preceded by high temperatures, seeds better overcame secondary dormancy ( i.e . longer embryo elongation and seed germination). Treatments did not affect seed viability. In the N. longispathus seeds that overcame dormancy (embryo elongation = 59.21%), exposure to high temperatures induced secondary dormancy and they needed a further 1‐month stratification at 15/4 °C + 2 months at 5 °C to reactivate the germination process. When embryo elongation was 42.10%, seed desiccation totally impeded subsequent germination. When embryo elongation reached 59.21%, desiccation induced secondary dormancy, which was not overcome by the above‐described stratification treatment. When desiccation was preceded by high temperatures, seeds better overcame dormancy. Stress treatments killed 5–10% of seeds. This study suggests that the seeds of species with complex morphophysiological dormancy ( MPD ) levels are sensitive to desiccation in early embryo development stages, as opposed to the seeds of species with deep simple epicotyl MPD , which better tolerate water stress.
‘The Only Relevant Feature of Scottish Political Life’: 1880–1906

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After 1880, Liberal hegemony was renewed in Scotland, yet the party was on the cusp of being ruptured by a series of internal debates over disestablishment, Home Rule for Ireland and, latterly, attitudes towards the British Empire. Tension between mainstream and radical Liberals also manifested itself in organisational terms between the Scottish Liberal Association and new National Federation. In spite of these splits, the Scottish Liberals still dominated political life, emerging stronger from election defeats in the 1890s and early 1900s to win a memorable landslide in 1906.
How do Children with Developmental Dyslexia Integrate Sentence-Picture Information?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Children with developmental dyslexia have significant defects in reading, and many researches show that the form of information presentation will have different effects on individual reading efficiency. This study has adopted a mixed design of 2 (subject group: children with developmental dyslexia, typical development children)×3 (sentence style: affirmative, negative, double-negative)×2 (picture information complexity: simple, complex) to investigate the sentence-picture information integration capability of children with developmental dyslexia, and explore whether children with developmental dyslexia have defects in the ability to integrate sentence-picture information. The results showed that: 1. Sentence style had a significant effect on the integration process, and the reading efficiency of both groups decreased with the increase of sentence structure complexity in all three sentence styles; 2. Picture information complexity had a significant effect on the integration process, and both groups were more efficient in integrating sentence-picture in the simple condition than in the complex condition; 3. Children with developmental dyslexia haddefects in the ability to integrate sentence-picture information. Conclusion: For children with developmental dyslexia, simple sentences, such as affirmative sentences with simple picture information without distractions, can be presented as far as possible to improve their reading efficiency.
Alpha-oxidation of Fatty Acids in Various Mammals, and a Phytanic Acid Feeding Experiment in an Animal with a Low Alpha-oxidation Capacity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Patients with Refsum's disease, who accumulate phytanic acid, have a reduced capacity for α-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. To try to elucidate the role of phytanic acid in the symptomatology of this disease, a phytanic acid feeding experiment in animals has been performed. In vitro studies with 3,6-dimethyloctanoic acid showed that carnivorous animals had lower α-oxidation capacities than herbivorous animals. Polecats (Mustela putorius) were chosen for the phytanic acid feeding, which was started in utero, before the main myelination had occurred, and continued until they had reached maturity weights.During the feeding period the animals increased their tolerance for phytanic acid by increasing their α-oxidation capacity. Large amounts of phytanic acid had acute toxic effects, but no symptoms of myelin disorders occurred during the experiment. Based upon these findings, compared with the clinical improvements of the patients on a phytanic acid lowering diet, the pathogenic role of phytanic acid is discussed.
Editorial: Serum amyloid A; in search of function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) received its name when it was identified as the precursor for the protein that deposits in patients suffering from secondary or reactive amyloidosis (AA amyloid). Unfortunately, naming the amyloid precursors, including the amyloid beta precursor protein (A(3PP) and SAA, after their amyloidogenic or pathologic forms, may have unduly slandered their reputations! Surely, in order to understand the inflammatory process that can result in AA amyloidosis, it will be important to determine the physiologic role of the SAA proteins and to identify the factors regulating their expression. The SAA family consists of the so-called constitutive isoform (SAa00) and the acute phase isoforms (SAa00, SAa00 and SAa00). Expression of the acute phase isoforms is induced by inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα. Although the liver is a primary source of the acute phase proteins, peripheral tissues also synthesize these components.
Retracted:In vitro regeneration of high yielding cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In vitro regeneration in rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) with high reproducibility is still in need for their further exploitation in transgenic development or selection against different stress. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro performance of high yielding cultivars of Govind, Jaya and Pusa Basmati-1, using most suitable concentration of growth regulators i.e., 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP) and kinetin (Kn) for callus induction, proliferation and regeneration in mature embryo of rice. Maximum callus induction was obtained in rice cultivar Govind on MS medium supplemented with 13.5 mM 2,4-D. A good callus proliferation was obtained in hormone free MS media. Excellent regeneration was observed in rice cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 in MS medium supplemented with 2.2mM BAP. Multiple shoots e.g., 10 in rice cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 (PB-1) were regenerated from the single callus. In vitro developed plants were acclimatized gradually and their performance in pots was satisfactory. Key words : Indica rice, Callus culture, mature embryo, regeneration.
The Nation´S Referendum for Independence (The South of Sudan´S Instance- Catalonia´S Instance)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The experiences of South Sudan and Catalonia are very important experience around the world of self-search and translation of the gap between two different people who are unable to adapt and communicate in living together within the boundaries of a particular political community, where people translate their rights to self-determination through the referendum process, which is considered one of the finest means of expression. on the general will. Regardless of the success of the first experiment in Southern Sudan and the failure of the second, but this phenomenon cannot be assessed with success or failure as much as it can be viewed according to the course of these experiences and all the circumstances surrounding them. The lesson is to show that the general intention and will crowned by the political behavior of the majority of citizens living in that geographical area as evidence of a real problem with inability to integrate and shattered feelings of citizenship. So, the two experiences give us lessons that the true will of the peoples may be latent and unable to appear to the public because the political system rejects the idea altogether, while there are experiences that appear to the public and find light, but it is very likely that they clash with political forces that impose their coercion and prevent them from implementing this will stemming from someone the basic pillars of peoples' rights to self-determination under various arguments, including unity (artificial) or unified force, social-political (formal) integration, and others .. That is why the prevailing saying remains that the will of the people takes precedence over all other will as it is the source of authority and the basis for obedience to it