jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bonding over a death: signalling in the funeral episode of Ibn Faḍlān’s Risala

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many of the rites described by Ibn Faḍlān in his account of a Rūs funeral remain obscure. Rather than attempting to further puzzle out the symbolic content of these funerary practices, this article uses signalling theory to examine their role in group dynamics. Signalling theory examines the honesty of communications between individuals, focusing especially on how costly acts can represent the fitness and cooperative qualities of the communicator. Applying this theory to Ibn Faḍlān’s descriptions can help elucidate the funeral’s impact on in‐group and out‐group observers, the transmission of associated counter‐intuitive beliefs and, more broadly, group fitness and prosociality.
Selective Weed Control from EPTC Applied with Seed of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In field and greenhouse experiments, liquid or granular formulations of EPTC ( S -ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) applied by hand directly in the row with seed of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L. ‘Vernal’), controlled grass seedlings in bands, usually 5 to 8 cm wide, without injuring alfalfa significantly. Grass was similarly controlled selectively when a mixture of alfalfa seed and clay granules, similar in size to alfalfa seed and containing 10% EPTC, was seeded mechanically.
Health Promotion Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

(GHS), a free government-funded telephone-delivered information and coaching service was launched in February 2009 by the Australian New South Wales state government. It represents the translation of research evidence applied in the real world (T4 or Phase 4 translation), aimed at addressing the modifia-ble risk factors associated with the overweight and obesity. In controlled settings, it has been established that telephone-based lifestyle counseling programs are efficacious in reducing anthropometric and behavioral risk factors. This article presents the GHS case study as a population-wide intervention and describes the quasi-experimental evaluation framework used to eval-uate both the process (statewide implementation) and impact (effectiveness) of the GHS in a real-world envi-ronment. It details the data collection, measures, and statistical analysis required in assessing the process of implementation—reach and recruitment, marketing and promotion, service satisfaction, intervention fidel-ity, and GHS setting up and operations costs—and in assessing the impact of GHS—increasing physical activity, improving dietary practices, and reducing body weight and waist circumference. The comprehen-sive evaluation framework designed for the GHS pro-vides a method for building effectiveness evidence of a rare translation of efficacy trial evidence into population-wide practice.
Photoreflectance studies of electronic transitions in quantum well structures under high pressure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The unique feature of quantum confinement of carriers has made possible unusual devices. By combining various semiconductors and alloys of III-V, II-IV and group IV materials, unusual band lineups between neighboring layers have been obtained. Both lattice matched and strained layer structures have been grown. In this article we will focus on the electronic structure of the quantum well heterostructures under the external perturbation of hydrostatic pressure. Pressure has been used extensively to investigate materials in regions of phase space not otherwise accessible. In the study of quantum well structures, it has also been used to move band edges in a controlled fashion, and alter band lineups, allowing the determination of band offsets with an accuracy that was not possible without the use of pressure. As in bulk semiconductors, optical techniques provide powerful tools in studying the electronic states in quantum well heterostructures. Photoluminescence spectroscopy is only sensitive to spectral features associated with energy states close to the bottom of the well due to rapid thermalization of carriers. Photoluminescence excitation is often limited by the availability of tunable lasers. Photoreflectance, on the other hand, can provide a rich structure due to both symmetry allowed and forbidden transitions encompassing the entire quantum well. This sensitivity is due to the derivative nature of the spectroscopy.
Epigenetic control of the EWS‑FLI1 promoter in Ewing's sarcoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a primary bone marrow tumor that very rarely develops in extra‑osseous tissues, such as lung. The hallmark of ES tumors is a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, resulting in a fusion protein, commonly referred to as EWS‑FLI1. The epigenetic profile (histone acetylation and methylation enrichment of the promoter region) that may regulate the expression of the aberrant transcription factor EWS‑FLI1, remains poorly studied and understood. Knowledge of epigenetic patterns associated with covalent histone modification and expression of enzymes associated with this process, can contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of the disease, as well as to the identification of possible molecular targets involved in expression of the EWS‑FLI1 gene, so that therapeutic strategies may be improved in the future. In the present study, the transcriptional activation and repression of the EWS‑FLI1 fusion gene in ES was accompanied by selective deposition of histone markers on its promoter. The EWS‑FLI1 fusion gene was evaluated in two patients with ES using conventional cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization and nested PCR assays, which revealed that the aberrant expression of the EWS‑FLI1 gene is accompanied by enrichment of H3K4Me3, H3K9ac and H3K27ac at the promoter region.
Duplicate Publications in Korean Medical Journals Indexed in KoreaMed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Duplicate publication is considered unethical. It has several negative impacts. To estimate the frequency and characteristics of duplicate publications in Korean medical journals, we reviewed some portion of Korean journal articles. Among 9,030 articles that are original articles indexed in KoreaMed from January to December 2004, 455 articles (5%) were chosen by random sampling. PubMed, Google scholar, KMbase, and KoreaMed were searched by two librarians. Three authors reviewed titles, abstracts, and full text of index articles and suspected articles independently. Point of disagreement were reconciled by discussion. Criteria for a duplicate publication defined by editors of cardiothoracic journals and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors were used. A total of 455 articles were evaluated, of which 27 (5.93%) index articles were identified with 29 duplicate articles. Among 27 index articles, 1 was quadruple publication and 26 were double publications. Of 29 duplicated articles, 19 were classified as copy, 4 as fragmentation, and 6 as disaggregation. The proportion of duplicate publications in Korean medical journals appears to be higher than expected. Education on publication ethics to researchers is needed.
Indomethacin decreases jejunal fluid secretion in addition to luminal release of prostaglandin E2 in patients with acute cholera.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human cholera is associated with an increased luminal release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but whether inhibition of increased PGE2 synthesis will reduce or control intestinal secretion is uncertain. 'Steady state' perfusions (10 ml/minute) in 12 patients with acute cholera, and repeat perfusions in nine of these patients during the convalescent phase were therefore performed using the triple lumen technique. The proximal jejunum was perfused with isotonic saline containing sodium-sulphobromophthalein as a non-absorbable marker. After intravenous administration of indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg) the jejunal net transfer of fluid and the jejunal flow rate of PGE2 were determined in 30 minute periods for 120 minutes after a 120 minute control period. Indomethacin decreased net fluid secretion (2.1 (0.3-4.2) v 4.5 (2.5-8.4) ml/hour x cm; medians, Q50 ranges, p less than 0.01) and the jejunal flow rate of PGE2 (1.5 (1.2-2.7) v 2.2 (1.4-4.9) ng/minute, p less than 0.05). The results of similar perfusion studies in 22 patients with acute cholera, used to establish the spontaneous time related change in fluid secretion, showed no significant change in net fluid transfer (3.5 (2.2-6.2) to 3.5 (2.6-11.6) ml/hour x cm, p greater than 0.25) over 240 minutes. These data provide further evidence in favour of the hypothesis that prostaglandins have a role in the cholera toxin induced intestinal fluid secretion in man.
Hox and ParaHox Genes in Flatworms: Characterization and Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are favourite organisms in Developmental Biology and Zoology because of their extraordinary powers of regeneration and because they may hold a pivotal place in the origin and evolution of the Bilateria. Hox genes play key roles in both processes: setting up the new anteroposterior pattern in the former, and as qualitative markers of phylogenetic affinities among bilaterian phyla in the latter. We have searched for Hox and ParaHox genes in several flatworm groups spanning from freshwater triclads to marine polyclads and, more recently, in the acoels, the likely earliest extant bilaterian. We have isolated and sequenced eight Hox genes from the freshwater triclad Girardia tigrina and three Hox and two ParaHox genes from the polyclad Discocelis tigrina. Data from the acoels Paratomella rubra and Convoluta roscoffensis is also reported. Flatworm Hox sequences and 18S rDNA sequence data support clear affinities of Platyhelminthes to spiralian lophotrochozoans. The basal position of acoel flatworms supported from recent 18S rDNA data, remains still uncertain. Expression of Hox genes in intact and regenerating adult organisms show nested patterns with graded anterior expression boundaries, or ubiquitous expression. New approaches to study the function of Hox genes in flatworms, such as RNA interference are briefly discussed.
[Fractures of the jugal bone -- signs, therapy and late sequelae (A study on 141 cases treated on the basis of a uniform concept) (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article discusses the signs and treatment of fractures of the jugal bone. Basing on 141 patients treated in our clinic, a detailed analysis is given of the problems connected with post-traumatic sinusitis maxillaris, as well as the neurological late sequelae of the n. infraorbitalis. Accurate repositioning and fixation of the fragments are essential; the authors give preference to wire suture. No routine revision of the maxillary sinus and decompression of the nerve are necessary.
Highlights of This Issue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Yu and colleagues examined the human upper digestive tract microbial community and two cancer-predisposing states: 1) serum pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio (PGI/II), a predictor of gastric cancer risk, and 2) esophageal squamous dysplasia, a precursor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, in a cross-sectional design. The Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray was used to test the microbiome. Lower microbial richness in the upper digestive tract was independently associated with both cancer-predisposing states in the esophagus and stomach.Two studies in this issue focus on PAM50, a gene expression–based assay for breast cancer intrinsic subtype evaluation. In one study, Sweeney and colleagues used PAM50 to evaluate tumors and found an overall subtype distribution of 53.1% luminal A, 20.5% luminal B, 13.0% HER2-enriched, 9.8% basal-like, and 3.6% normal-like. In a second study, Caan and colleagues used PAM50 to categorize tumors and examine risks of recurrence and mortality. The PAM50 assay categorized intrinsic subtypes more accurately and better predicted recurrence and survival, compared to commonly used immunohistochemical methods.Hispanic females have the highest cervical cancer incidence rate of any racial or ethnic group in the United States. Reiter and colleagues examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake among a national sample of Hispanic adolescent females. Among this population, HPV vaccine initiation was 60.9%, completion was 36.0%, and follow-through was 59.1%. All vaccination outcomes were less common among participants without health insurance and vaccination did not differ by parents' preferred language. Many Hispanic females have not received the HPV vaccine, and HPV vaccination programs targeting Hispanics are needed.Although the relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer risk has been studied extensively, changes in OC hormonal components and a better understanding of the heterogeneity of breast cancer warrant a new look at this relationship. Beaber and colleagues conducted a case–control study of invasive breast cancer among women in the Seattle–Puget Sound area. Lifetime duration of OC use for ≥15 years was associated with an increased breast cancer risk, and there were no statistically significant differences in risk by OC preparation. Long-term use of contemporary OCs and current use for ≥5 years was associated with an increased breast cancer risk.
Enhanced Cloning Efficiency of Murine Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells After Chlorozotocin Treatment: Relationship With Enhanced Lung Metastasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of chlorozotocin [(CZT) CAS: 54749-90-5; 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-d-gluco-pyranose] was studied on a series of tumor cells, cultured or extracted fresh primary or transplanted tumors, by means of clonogenic assay. The ability of most rat rhabdomyosarcoma cells to form colonies in soft agar was enhanced when exposed to the water-soluble nitrosourea chloride CZT. The tumor cells tested were derived from a) several primary tumors induced in WAG rats by colloidal nickel, then cultured and exposed to CZT early during in vitro passage; b) the 9-4 tumor, also Ni-induced but maintained in long-term culture; and c) the Ni-induced 9-4/0 tumor, maintained by transplantion in syngeneic rats. No inhibition of colony formation was observed in any of the cell lines even at high concentrations of CZT. Adriamycin, chosen as a control treatment, strongly inhibited the cloning efficiency (CE) of the tumor cells. In vivo, the weekly injection of 10 mg CZT Ikg body weight into syngeneic rats bearing transplanted tumors led to an enhancement of lung metastasis formation. The CZT enhancement of CE of tumor cells and its relationship to increased in vivo tumor metastasis is discussed.
Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate in Organic Synthesis; IV.1An Efficient, Highly Selective and Oxidative Deoximation by Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate has been proved out to be an efficient and highly chemoselective reagent for the conversion of oximes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild conditions.
It gives them a voice the way they want the voice: a qualitative exploration of clinicians’ use of Storiez with urban youth

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Urban youth are exposed to high levels of trauma. Trauma narratives are included in trauma treatment best practices, however, there are conflicting perspectives about the trauma narrative process. The Storiez intervention divides the trauma narrative process into nine steps that collectively focus on youth reflection, organization of memories, creative expression, and development of future vision. Master’s level therapists (n = 15) received Storiez training and materials. Six to eight weeks after training, 12 therapists participated in qualitative interviews. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Three themes emerged: (1) It gives them a voice the way they want the voice, (2) It doesn’t require a lot of fancy gadgets and gizmos, and (3) Trauma doesn’t define them. Participant responses about the intervention’s portability, inclusion of strengths, simplicity, and cultural competence highlighted a paucity in the literature. The study’s findings preliminarily speak to the success of Storiez and highlight the need for future research.
The Effects of an Online-Guided, At-Home Dog Training Session on Owner Anxiety, Mood, and General Self-Efficacy During COVID-19

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Many studies have now demonstrated the positive effects on humans from brief, unstructured interactions with dogs, including improved mood and reduced anxiety. Few studies, though, have explored the psychological impact when humans take part in more structured obedience training with the dog. This study examined the effects of owners taking part in a single session of online-guided training with their own dog in their own home during COVID-19 lockdowns. This group was compared to a similar group having an unstructured play session with their dog. Dog-owner relationship quality was also measured to investigate whether this influenced any observed changes to the outcome variables. Participants (N = 83) were assigned to either the training group, involving 10-minutes of basic obedience training, or a play group, involving 10-minutes of unstructured play. Before the sessions, participants in each group watched videos demonstrating the interaction and then completed the Dog Owner Relationship Scale (DORS) to measure owner-dog relationship quality. Before and immediately after the session, they completed the 6-item version of the state scale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE). A mixed between-within multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with follow-up Bonferroni-corrected univariate analysis of variance, to measure differences in the outcomes between groups over time. Results indicated no significant differences between groups, but revealed a significant, large effect on scores for both groups on all measures over time. Multiple regression, analysing interaction effects between the outcome measures and the DORS, found no significant effects, indicating dog-owner relationship did not moderate the observed improvements over time. Results from this preliminary study suggest that a brief, single-session, online-guided interaction with a dog – whether training or playing with them – can confer short-term, psychological benefits for the owners.
ACETATE AND CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT AT MIDGESTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Two midgestation placentas were perfused with 2.5 mCi of uniformly labelled 14 C-sodium acetate plus 2.5 mCi cholesterol-7α- 3 H. and two complete foeto-placental units were perfused with 5.0 mCi of 14 C-labelled sodium acetate plus 5.0 mCi of cholesterol-7α- 3 H. The perfusions were carried out at 35–36°C for 90 min. After the perfusion of the isolated placentas, the following 3 H-labelled steroids were isolated from the placentas as well as from the perfusates in a radiochemically homogeneous form: pregnenolone (3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one), progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione), 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one), 20β-dihydroprogesterone (20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one), 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone (3β,17α-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one),dehydroepiandrosterone(3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one) and 17β-oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol). The same compounds were also isolated from the placentas following the perfusion of the complete foeto-placental units. With the exception of pregnenolone and progesterone, all steroids were isolated in minute quantities. None of the steroids isolated contained any 14 C-label. It is concluded that the midgestation human placenta is not capable of carrying out any de novo steroid synthesis from acetate and that cholesterol is an obligatory precursor in placental steroidogenesis.
Multilobulated popliteal cyst after a failed total knee arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Popliteal cyst is a rare finding after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but when present, it might indicate a malfunction of the TKA related to generation of wear‐particles, or loosening. We present a case of a multilobulated popliteal cyst developing in a patient 8 years after primary TKA. The cyst was associated with a mechanical prosthetic loosening. The primary complaint of the patient was pain in the posterior region of the knee. A two‐stage procedure consisting of cyst excision at first, followed after 5 months by a revision TKA was performed. Intraoperatively, a darkish, multilobulated cyst with a well‐defined thick wall filled with fluid containing polyethylene debris, communicating with the knee joint was found. After 3 years of follow‐up, the patient was satisfied and walked without the support of a cane. The patient presented a satisfactory knee range of motion. Clinical, radiological and ultrasound investigations ruled out popliteal cyst recurrence. A dissecting popliteal cyst associated with a failed TKA should be excised because it contains polyethylene debris that constitutes an induced factor for prosthetic loosening. A two‐stage procedure with quite a long time in‐between, as presented in this paper, can be a useful alternative to manage such a problem, in particular in very old patients associated with other medical problems.
Can Digital Storytelling Improve Literacy Outcomes for Students with Autism?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This investigation aimed to determine how Digital Storytelling impacted the academic performance and social interactions of a sixth-grade female student with high-functioning Autism. This study was conducted over three weeks in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. Qualitative methodology, using an inductive approach informed by grounded theory, was employed throughout this exploratory case study. This paper concentrates on academic learning, literacy acquisition, and social skills associated with this holistic intervention. Active participation, increased engagement, and critical reflection were identified as the most important factors that contributed to the success of Digital Storytelling within the context of this investigation. Guidelines for classroom implementation are considered, with recommendations offered for future research and practice.