jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare congenital arrhythmogenic disorder induced by physical or emotional stress. It mainly affects children and younger adults and is characterized by rapid polymorphic and bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. Symptoms can include dizziness, palpitations, and presyncope, which may progress to syncope, hypotonia, convulsive movements, and sudden cardiac death. CPVT is the result of perturbations in Ca 2+ ion handling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac myocytes. Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene and the calsequestrin isoform 2 gene are most commonly seen in familial CPVT patients. Under catecholaminergic stimulation, either mutation can result in an excess Ca 2+ load during diastole resulting in delayed after depolarization and subsequent arrhythmogenesis. The current first-line treatment for CPVT is β-blocker therapy. Other therapeutic interventions that can be used in conjunction with β-blockers include moderate exercise training, flecainide, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Several potential therapeutic interventions, including verapamil, dantrolene, JTV519, and gene therapy, are also discussed.
ACS Election Coming Up

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVACS NewsNEXTACS Election Coming UpBallots go out to members Nov. 1 for direct election of 1958 President-Elect and Regional DirectorsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1957, 35, 43, 86–88Publication Date (Print):October 28, 1957Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 28 October 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v035n043.p086Copyright © 1957 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (455 KB) SUBJECTS:Inorganic chemistry Get e-Alerts
Supervision in Social Work from a Gestalt Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social work supervision is viewed here as going beyond the traditional emphases and focusing on the learning process between the supervisor and supervisee in a phenomenological and holistic approach. The Gestalt concepts of phenomenology of the here and now, intrajection, organization of elements into meaningful wholes, tendency for closure, and impasse are described as they apply to supervision. This approach focuses on teaching the social work supervisee a process for dealing with case situations as opposed to offering singular solutions to singular case situations. This enhances the social worker's sense of professional identity and improves client treatment.
Safe Repair of a Delayed Right‐Sided Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia Using Combined Thoracoscopy and Laparoscopy: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernias are rare, particularly those diagnosed decades after the initial trauma. We report a case of a right‐sided diaphragmatic hernia that was identified 36 years after a blunt thoracic injury and successfully treated using a combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approach. A 78‐year‐old woman presented with progressive respiratory distress. Computed tomography revealed herniation of the small intestine and right colon through a posterior diaphragmatic defect into the right thoracic cavity. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic procedures enabled safe adhesiolysis and closure of the hernia orifice. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient's respiratory distress improved markedly. While both thoracic and abdominal approaches are viable for diaphragmatic hernia repair, a combined approach provided enhanced visualization and safety in this complex case. This report highlights the feasibility and benefits of a minimally invasive combined approach in the management of delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernias.
Verb Movement and Expletive Subjects in the Germanic Languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book is the study of two different kinds of variation across the Germanic languages. One involves the position of the finite verb, and the other the possible positions of the "logical" subject in constructions with expletive (or "dummy") subjects. The book applies the theory of principles and parameters (also known as the "government-binding theory") to the study of comparative syntax. Several languages are considered, including less frequently discussed ones like Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, and Yiddish.
The Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Calculation of the Nappe Trajectory Distance from Orifice with Slit-type Bucket in a High-arch Dam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When the slit-type buckets are applied to the orifices in a high-arch dam,the nappes trajectory distance is basic to the design of the plunge pool. The hydrodynamic characteristics of nappes from orifices with slit-type buckets in a high-arch dam are studied. And based on the geometric similarity and law of free falling body movement,the method of nappes trajectory distance calculation is put forward. The results are in good agreement with those of model test.
A study of innate immune and genetic factors that play a role in protecting seronegative blood recipients exposed to hepatitis C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects the liver and typically causes chronic infection. Some individuals exposed to HCV have been observed to remain aviraemic and seronegative, thus are presumed to be uninfected. These exposed seronegative (ESN) individuals have an enhanced innate immune response to HCV when compared with seropositive subjects, although the exact mechanisms involved are unknown. Until now, ESN cases have only been described in individuals exposed to low doses of HCV. This study examined a population of 1340 blood recipients who received HCV-contaminated blood to determine: i) whether a subset of them remained seronegative following transfusion of HCV-contaminated blood; if so, ii) what innate immune and genetic factors played a role in protecting them from HCV. A total of 8 blood recipients were identified with a confirmed exposure to HCV, but without any serological or virologic evidence of infection. The following were analysed: receptor expression and effector function of natural killer (NK) cells, T cell responses to HCV, and genetic polymorphism profiling. Findings in the ESN group were compared with 10 healthy controls, 10 spontaneous resolvers (SRs), and 10 subjects with chronic infection. The NK cells of ESN recipients exhibited significantly higher expression of the activating receptor, NKp30, than that observed in the other groups. NK cell cytotoxicity, in turn, was directly correlated with NKp30 expression and found to be enhanced in ESN recipients but not in SRs. On a genetic level, several rare polymorphisms involving innate immune genes were found in ESN recipients, but not in the general population or individuals with spontaneously resolved/chronic infection. HCV-specific T cell responses were observed in some ESN recipients but were low in amplitude. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time a subset of blood recipients who were seemingly uninfected following high-dose exposure to HCV. NK cells of these ESN recipients had a more activated phenotype and greater killing potential than seropositive recipients, which supports the importance of innate immunity in protecting ESN recipients from HCV. HCV-specific cellular immunity, however, was weak, likely to represent exposure rather than a mechanism of anti-HCV defence. Importantly, specific polymorphisms affecting innate immune genes were present in ESN recipients but not in recipients with spontaneously resolved or chronic infection. This indicates that ESN recipients are a population distinct from SRs, and different immune mechanisms are likely to be involved in their response to HCV.
Association of the Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio with Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The change in serum lipid levels by direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for chronic hepatitis C varies depending on the type of DAA. How the lipid level changes induced by glecaprevir-pibrentasvir (G/P) treatment contribute to the clinical outcome remains unclear. We conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate the effectiveness of G/P treatment and the lipid level changes. Methods The primary endpoint was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12). The total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels and LDL-C/HDL-C (L/H) ratio were measured every two weeks. Patients This study included 101 patients. Seventeen cases of liver cirrhosis and nine cases of DAA retreatment were registered. The G/P treatment period was 8 weeks in 74 cases and 12 weeks in 27 cases. Results SVR12 was evaluated in 96 patients. The rate of achievement of SVR12 in the evaluable cases was 100%. We found significantly elevated TC and LDL-C levels over the observation period compared to baseline. The serum levels of HDL-C did not change during treatment but were significantly increased after treatment compared to baseline. The L/H ratio was significantly increased two weeks after the start of treatment but returned to the baseline after treatment. Conclusion The primary endpoint of the SVR12 achievement rate was 100%. G/P treatment changed the serum lipid levels. Specifically, the TC and LDL-C levels increased during and after treatment, and the HDL-C levels increased after treatment. G/P treatment may be associated with a reduced thrombotic risk. Therefore, validation in large trials is recommended.
Detangling the Interrelationships Between Self-Regulation and Ill-Structured Problem Solving in Problem-Based Learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

One of the goals for problem-based learning (PBL) is to promote self-regulation. Although self-regulation has been studied extensively, its interrelationships with ill-structured problem solving have been unclear. In order to clarify the interrelationships, this article proposes a conceptual framework illustrating the iterative processes among problem-solving stages (i.e., problem representation and solution generation) and self-regulation phases (i.e., planning, execution, and reflection). The dynamics of the interrelationships are further illustrated with three ill-structured problem-solving examples in different domains (i.e., information problem solving, historical inquiry, and science inquiry). The proposed framework contributes to research and practice by providing a new lens to examine self-regulation in ill-structured problem solving and offering guidelines to design effective tools and strategies to scaffold and assess PBL.
5‐S‐cysteinyldopamine neurotoxicity: Influence on the expression of α‐synuclein and ERp57 in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear in spite of extensive investigations. It has been hypothesized that 5‐S‐cysteinyldopamine (CysDA), a catechol‐thioether metabolite of dopamine (DA), could be an endogenous parkinsonian neurotoxin. To gain further insight into its role in the neurodegenerative process, both CD1 mice and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with CysDA, and the data were compared with those obtained by the use of 6‐hydroxydopamine, a well‐known parkinsonian mimetic. Intrastriatal injection of CysDA in CD1 mice caused a long‐lasting depletion of DA, providing evidence of in vivo neurotoxicity of CysDA. Both in mice and in SH‐SY5Y cells, CysDA treatment induced extensive oxidative stress, as evidenced by protein carbonylation and glutathione depletion, and affected the expression of two proteins, α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and ERp57, whose levels are modulated by oxidative insult. Real‐time PCR experiments support these findings, indicating an upregulation of both ERp57 and α‐Syn expression. α‐Syn aggregation was also found to be modulated by CysDA treatment. The present work provides a solid background sustaining the hypothesis that CysDA is involved in parkinsonian neurodegeneration by inducing extensive oxidative stress and protein aggregation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of interferon and gangliosides on growth of cultured human glioma and fetal brain cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human beta-interferon (IFN) induced an antiviral state in two fetal brain and six glioma cell lines. The growth-inhibitory effect of IFN was most pronounced on three glioblastoma lines and least on fetal brain and oligodendroglioma cells; IFN growth inhibition of one schwannoma and one anaplastic cell line was intermediate between the two other groups. Thus, the growth-inhibitory effect of IFN generally correlated with the degree of anaplasia of the tissue from which the cells were derived. IFN (1000 units/ml) had to be present for 24 to 48 hr to have a significant inhibitory effect on growth of glioblastoma (12-18) cells. However, growth inhibition of 12-18 cells exposed to IFN for 3 days persisted for 3 weeks. Both sialic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine ganglioside and a mixture of normal human brain gangliosides (50 microM) inhibited growth of fetal brain (CHII) but not glioblastoma 12-18 cells. However, preincubation of cells with either sialic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine or a mixture of gangliosides did not augment the growth-inhibitory effects of IFN on either CHII or 12-18. These results indicate that gangliosides and IFN may be operating through different mechanisms to cause growth inhibition.
Biocatalysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The biocatalysis with nitrilase as the catalyst for organic synthesis has attracted increasing attention due to its "green" characteristics; it can directly prepare carboxylic acids from nitriles under mild reaction conditions with low energy consumption, slight pollution, and high production yield. However, the practical application of nitrilases is still limited by several enzymatic properties. This chapter describes on the nitrilase improvement strategies including fermentation methods for increasing nitrilase production and molecular modification methods for improving catalytic properties. Also, nitrilases widely exist in the natural environment, including bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and plants. Further discovery of potential nitrilases is still necessary in future applications. Meanwhile, nitrilases are expected to be well applied in organic synthesis for production of commodity chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Integrating a brain into a bat robot

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The sophisticated biosonar systems of horseshoe bats have enabled these animals to navigate and pursue prey in complex environments. A conspicuous peripheral dynamics in which the animals' noseleaves and pinnae change during biosonar behaviors could play an important role in enabling these capabilities. It may be hypothesized that for the integration between peripheral dynamics and neural signal processing/estimation to be maximally effective, the periphery should be controlled by feedback from the output of the subsequent neural echo processing. In the way, the specifics of sensory information encoding in the periphery could be controlled based on the needs of the neural signal processing. As a first step towards such an integration in a biomimetic sonar head, a computational model for the inner ear and the auditory nerve's spike code has been integrated with a dynamic periphery that—like the computational models—mimics horseshoe bats. For each model stage, alternative versions with different levels of complexity have been implemented to test how module complexity and the values of the associated parameters affect the capacity of the echo representation to encode sensory information. These effects have been tested based on a large dataset of 220 000 echoes collected in natural forest environments.
TNF-alpha inhibitor treatment patterns in patients with rheumatic diseases and those with inflammatory bowel disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: TNFα inhibitors are the first line biological treatment for patients suffering from rheumatic diseases (RD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Limited information is available about long-term treatment patterns of patients starting a TNFα inhibitor and whether these differ between patients suffering from RD and IBD. Objectives: To compare treatment patterns of patients with RD and IBD starting a TNFα inhibitor. Methods: Included were all patients starting (i.e. no prior use of a biological) with aTNFα inhibitor (ATC code: L04AB) between 1 July 2012 and 1 July 2017 at a Dutch general teaching hospital (the Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp) and with a RD or IBD diagnosis. All patients were followed for at least one year. Outcomes at one year of follow-up were: continuous use of the first TNFα inhibitor, switch to a different TNFα inhibitor or to a biological with another mode of action, or discontinuation. In addition, median duration of first TNFα inhibitor treatment were compared for patients with RD and IBD using the Kaplan Meier method. Data were analyzed by Pearson's chi square and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: 646 patients were included (median age 46 years, 84% female), of which 63.9% (n = 413) received a TNFα inhibitor for RD and 36.1% (n = 233) for IBD. After 1 year, 60.1% of patients continuously used their first TNFα inhibitor, 13.4% switched to another biological and 26.5% discontinued treatment. Significantly less RD patients continued their TNFα inhibitor compared to IBD patients (54.4% versus 70.0%, RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69-0.88) and RD patients discontinued treatment more frequently than IBD patients (33.0% versus 15.0%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.57-3.06). 12.6% of RD patients and 15.0% of IBD patients had switched, most patients (71.1% of RD switchers and 91.4% of IBD switchers) to a second TNFα inhibitor. The median treatment duration of the first TNFα inhibitor was significantly (p <0.01) lower for RD patients (437 days, IQR 686 days) when compared with IBD patients (728 days, IQR 988 days). Conclusions: RD patients discontinue their first TNFα inhibitor significantly more often than IBD patients and have a shorter duration of treatment, patterns of switching are equal in both indications. These findings show the importance of underlying disease in classification of exposure to TNFα inhibitors and this should be taken into account in future pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Effective Navigation for an Emergency Response for Firefighters with Wearable Haptic Displays Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Firefighters face numerous challenges during emergency response situations, including limited visibility, unfamiliar environments, and high-stress conditions. These factors limit their ability to navigate effectively and efficiently, leading to an increased risk of injury or loss of life. Therefore, we introduced a wearable haptic display system integrated with firefighter uniforms to enhance navigation and situational awareness during emergency response operations. The proposed system included haptic actuators embedded in the firefighter uniform and leverages Internet of Things (IoT) technology to deliver real-time haptic feedback. This feedback offered intuitive and non-intrusive cues that guided firefighters through complex environments, alert them to potential hazards, and convey critical information from command centers. For the requirements analysis that encompasses navigation, alerting, and information transmission, we outlined the haptic feedback design for firefighters in the emergency in the fire. We described the system architecture using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The wearable haptic firefighter uniforms helped firefighters navigate and respond to emergencies, ultimately enhancing safety and effectiveness in high-risk environments.
Expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in CVB3-induced myocarditis in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Previous studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays key roles in a number of biological processes,including vasorelaxation,inflammation,apoptosis,ischemia/reperfusion and oxidative stress,which are involved in the pathogenesis of myocarditis.This study aimed to examine the expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) /H2S pathway in mice with viral myocarditis.Methods Six-week-old inbred male mice were randomly assigned to control (n=25) and myocarditis group (n=30).The myocarditis and the control groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL 10-5.69TCID50 /mL CVB3 or vehicle (PBS) alone respectively.Ten mice were sacrificed 4 and 10 days after injection.Blood and heart specimens were harvested for measuring the content of serum H2S and the H2S production rates in cardiac tissues.Heart sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Immunohistochemisty was used to detect the CSE protein expression in the heart.Results In the myocarditis group,the serum H2S content and H2S production rates in cardiac tissues were significantly higher than those in the control group 4 and 10 days after injection (P 0.05).The expression of CSE protein in the heart in the myocarditis group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05).Conclusions CSE and its downstream production H2S increase in mice with acute viral myocarditis.The increased expression of CSE/H2S pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.
Desempenho agronômico de cultivares de mandioca de mesa em ambiente do cerrado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sweet cassavais cultivatedthroughout Brazil, but needs to be better studied in the Cerrado region that has potential for its cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performanceof sweet cassava cultivars in Cerrado soil duringtwo growing season.The experiments were carried in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018with six cultivars, in Jataí-GO. The experimental design was factorial scheme 6 x 2,being 6cultivarsand two growing season, with three replications.The following evaluations were carried out: number of stems, stem diameter, height of the first branch, height of plants, number of roots per plant, length of roots, diameter of roots, weight of fresh roots, weight of fresh roots, weight of fresh shoots, harvest index and cooking time. The cultivar BRS 399 hadbetter root yield in the two crop years.The cultivars BRS 399, BRS 400, BRS 401 and IAC 576/70 increased the plant shoot weightfrom the first to the second growing season.The harvest index of cultivars BRS 400 and BRS 401 decreased from the first to the second growing season.It was concluded that the cultivars BRS 397, BRS 398, BRS 399 and IAC 576/70 presented the best agronomic performance in the 2016/2017 growing season, in turn, in the growing season2017/2018, the cultivars BRS 397, BRS 399 and BRS400 presented the best results. The cultivars BRS-397 and BRS-399 showed more stable agronomic behavior than the others.