jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of depressive symptoms and oral health outcomes in a community sample of older adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Adverse outcomes associated with chronic depressive symptoms are of clinical importance. The objective was to identify subgroups of older adults based on their trajectories of depressive symptoms over a 10‐year period and determine if these subgroups predicted oral health outcomes. Methods The sample was 944 adults aged 65+ who participated in the oral health module of the the Health and Retirement Survey in 2008. Depressive symptoms were measured with a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale. Latent class trajectory analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups of elders based on their CES‐D scores from 1998–2008. Group membership was used to predict self‐rated oral health, overall mouth condition (problems with bleeding gums, gum sensitivity, and food avoidance), and edentulism in 2008. Results Three distinct subgroups were identified using zero‐inflated Poisson regression models: (i) minimal depressive symptoms over the study period (43%), (ii) low but generally stable level of depressive symptoms (41%), and (iii) moderate symptoms and higher CES‐D scores than the other groups over the 10 years (16%). Controlling for demographic and health variables and edentulism status, having a trajectory of moderate symptoms was associated with poorer mouth condition ( p < 0.0001) and poorer self‐rated oral health ( p = 0.0003) compared with those with minimal symptoms. Having low levels of depressive symptoms was not significantly associated with these two outcomes. Group membership was not significantly associated with the probability of edentulism. Conclusions Chronic moderate depressive symptoms are associated with poorer oral health in older adults. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reasons for Data-Prompted Site Visits: Field Staff Findings and Review Committee Decisions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background A major component of the ACGME's Next Accreditation System (NAS) is the annual review of key performance indicators by each review committee (RC) for all programs under its oversight. The RC may request a site visit that is data-prompted for either a full review of all common and specialty-specific program requirements or a focused review of specific concerns for programs identified as underperforming. Objective The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the reasons that RCs requested data-prompted site visits; (2) describe the findings by accreditation field representatives as reflected in their site visit reports; and (3) summarize the accreditation decisions of RCs that followed the data-prompted site visits (DPSVs). Methods RC letters to programs informing them of a DPSV, site visit reports, and RC letters with accreditation decisions were reviewed for all programs having DPSVs from 2015 to 2020. Results DPSVs were performed in 312 programs, including 59 hospital-based, 122 medical-based, and 131 surgery-based programs; 214 programs had a single DPSV, and 98 programs had repeat DPSV. The most frequent reason that RCs requested a DPSV was noncompliance on the annual ACGME Resident/Fellow Survey. Notification of a DPSV prompted a change in program director in 7% of programs in the single DPSVs group and 57% of programs in the repeat DPSVs group. Surgery-based programs in the single and repeat DPSVs groups were more likely to receive an unfavorable accreditation status. The majority of programs in the single DPSVs group (78%) and repeat DPSVs group (70%) had a status of continued accreditation as of March 2020. Conclusions Noncompliance on the Resident/Fellow survey was the most frequent reason that RCs requested a DPSV. The majority of programs in the single and repeat DPSV groups achieved a favorable accreditation status.
8. Human Rights Diplomacy From A UN Perspective: A Complement To Advocacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the United Nations (UN) level, the expert human rights mechanisms are human rights treaty bodies and the special procedures mandate-holders and working groups established by the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). This chapter addresses some of the key challenges of engaging in human rights diplomacy and discusses opportunities hidden in relying on diplomatic means for the promotion and protection of human rights. In laying out the case for a pro-active approach to human rights diplomacy, it relies on selected examples and recent milestones such as the Durban Review Conference that took place in Geneva in April 2009, the ongoing process of strengthening the UN human rights treaty body system. The chapter sheds more light on the role of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Author stresses that public advocacy and human rights diplomacy should always go hand in hand as both approaches complement and mutually reinforce each other. Keywords: advocacy; Durban Review Conference; Human Rights Council (HRC); human rights diplomacy; protection of human rights; treaty bodies; UN High Commissioner; United Nations (UN)
Recent developments in muscle imaging of neuromuscular disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review In this update, we describe recent findings on imaging techniques used for the analysis and quantification of affected muscles, advances in pattern recognition, and quantitative muscle imaging in clinical studies. Recent findings Whole-body muscle MRI and meta-analytical approaches, so-called (hierarchical) heat maps of affected muscles are promising advances compared with commonly applied lower leg pattern recognition approaches. Muscle fat fraction assessments measuring chemical shift differences and T2-relaxation times of separated fat and water components in skeletal muscle are currently the most reliable quantitative muscle imaging techniques. Quantitative muscle MRI detects subclinical disease progression in muscular dystrophies and is a powerful surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials. Summary Diagnostic and quantitative muscular imaging techniques are increasingly important for diagnostic workup and for interventional studies in patients with inherited myopathies.
Determinants of institutional misconduct by juvenile offenders: gang affiliation and protective factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the determinants of assaultive misconduct within juvenile correctional settings by examining whether gang membership increases the likelihood of misconduct above the background factors measured by a commonly used risk assessment tool [i.e., Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)], in a sample of 135 male youths admitted to the Singapore Boys' Home (SBH) and the Singapore Boys' Hostel (SBHL) between 2010 and 2011. Overall, the results suggest that protective factors and gang status add incremental value to the SAVRY risk factors in predicting assaultive institutional misconduct. Strong social support and resilient personality traits were also found to be negatively and significantly correlated with assaultive institutional misconduct.
Beta‐adrenoceptors and human skeletal muscle characterisation of receptor subtype and effect of age.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Rectus abdominis muscle biopsies were obtained from 28 patients undergoing abdominal surgery. In membranes prepared from these biopsies beta‐adrenoceptor binding was examined. The apparent affinity (KD) and the density (Bmax) of the receptors for the radioligand (−)− [125I]cyanopindolol were 28.5 +/‐ 2.7 (pM) and 25.9 +/‐ 2.1 (fmol mg‐1 protein) (mean +/‐ s.e. mean) respectively. In forceps biopsies from vastus lateralis muscle from four healthy volunteers the values for KD and Bmax were 22.5 +/‐ 4.4 (pM) and 16.4 +/‐ 2.2 (fmol mg‐1 protein). The binding characteristics for the radioligand were similar in the biopsies from the two muscle sites. 2. Inhibition of the radioligand binding by the selective beta 2‐adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118551 (KI = 117 +/‐ 45 nM) and selective beta 1‐adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol (KI = 15229 +/‐ 5046 nM) suggests the dominance of beta 2‐ adrenoceptor subtype in human skeletal muscle. 3. There were no significant differences in the skeletal muscle beta‐adrenoceptor densities or affinities between the young and older patients.
Measuring the Flex Life of Conductive Yarns in Narrow Fabric

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to constant advancements in materials research, conductive textile-based materials have been used increasingly in textile-based wearables. However, due to the rigidity of electronics or the need for their encapsulation, conductive textile materials, such as conductive yarns, tend to break faster around transition areas than other parts of e-textile systems. Thus, the current work aims to find the limits of two conductive yarns woven into a narrow fabric at the electronics encapsulation transition point. The tests consisted of repeated bending and mechanical stress, and were conducted using a testing machine built from off-the-shelf components. The electronics were encapsulated with an injection-moulded potting compound. In addition to identifying the most reliable conductive yarn and soft–rigid transition materials, the results examined the failure process during the bending tests, including continuous electrical measurements.
Comment on "Synchronization dynamics in non-normal networks: the trade-off for optimality"

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We review some of the recent literature, including Refs. [1-3], on the effects of non-normality on the synchronization of networks of oscillators, and provide numerical evidence that the basin of attraction about the synchronous solution is typically smaller for networks with non-normal Laplacian matrix, compared to networks with a normal Laplacian matrix.
Feeling and Classical Philology: Knowing Antiquity in German Scholarship, 1770–1920

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nineteenth-century German classical philology underpins many structures of the modern humanities. In this book, Constanze Güthenke shows how a language of love and a longing for closeness with a personified antiquity have lastingly shaped modern professional reading habits, notions of biography, and the self-image of scholars and teachers. She argues that a discourse of love was instrumental in expressing the challenges of specialisation and individual formation (Bildung), and in particular for the key importance of a Platonic scene of learning and instruction for imagining the modern scholar. The book is based on detailed readings of programmatic texts from, among others, Wolf, Schleiermacher, Boeckh, Thiersch, Dilthey, Wilamowitz and Nietzsche. It makes a case for revising established narratives, but also for finding new value in imagining distance and an absence of nostalgic longing for antiquity
Notice of Removal: Micromagnetic Study for Magnetic Properties of Exchange-Coupled Nanocomposite Magnetic Systems With $\alpha$ -Fe Grains Embedded in Nd2Fe14B Matrix

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the relationship between the magnetic properties and microstructures of nanocomposite isotropic exchange-coupled systems with the structure of α-Fe crystalline grains embedded in Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrices has been estimated by micromagnetic finite-element method. And then, the results have been analyzed by means of the effectiveness of exchange coupling between the magnetically hard Nd 2 Fe 14 B and soft α-Fe phase of the exchange-coupled Nd 2 Fe 14 B/α-Fe magnetic systems. The effectiveness of interphase exchange coupling has been estimated by the volume fractions of exchange coupling area near phase boundaries between α-Fe grains and Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix. The results have shown the micromagnetic mechanism of the advanced magnetic properties of the exchange coupled magnetic systems with the structure of α-Fe grains embedded in Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix. In addition, the optimal magnetic properties can be expected in the case of comparatively the large grain sizes of α-Fe and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase due to the characteristic structure of those magnetic systems.
Deep Residual Network for Sound Source Localization in the Time Domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents a system for sound source localization in time domain using a deep residual neural network. Data from the linear 8 channel microphone array with 3 cm spacing is used by the network for direction estimation. We propose to use the deep residual network for sound source localization considering the localization task as a classification task. This study describes the gathered dataset and developed architecture of the neural network. We will show the training process and its result in this study. The developed system was tested on validation part of the dataset and on new data capture in real time. The accuracy classification of 30 m sec sound frames is 99.2%. The standard deviation of sound source localization is 4°. The proposed method of sound source localization was tested inside of speech recognition pipeline. Its usage decreased word error rate by 1.14% in comparison with similar speech recognition pipeline using GCC-PHAT sound source localization.
Differences of Student Learning Results before and after Using the Picture and Picture Learning Model through Audio-Visual Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in student learning outcomes before and after using the learning model picture and picture via audiovisual media in social studies Integrated Class VII in SMP Negeri 2 Sampit in academic year 2015/2016.The population in this study were all seventh-grade students in Junior High School 2 Sampit in the academic year 2015/2016. Samples were taken by simple random sampling of several 38 students in the class VII space B. Data analysis techniques used in the form of two samples paired test (Paired Sample T-Test).Based on the results of data analysis showed a difference in student learning outcomes There before and after using the learning model picture and picture via audio-visual media on Integrated Social Science subjects in class VII SMP Negeri 2 Sampit in academic year 2015/2016 with the result -19.290 t test <t table 2.02619. This is reinforced by the results of the analysis test Paired Sample T-Test which describes the average value of student learning outcomes before treatment and after treatment amounted to 47.18 at 86.74. It means that there are differences in the average student learning outcomes before and after using the learning model picture and picture via audio-visual media on Integrated Social Science subjects in class VII SMP Negeri 2 Sampit in the academic year 2015/2016.
A Vehicle Type Dependent Car-following Model Based on Naturalistic Driving Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a car-following model considering the preceding vehicle type is proposed to describe the longitudinal driving behavior closer to reality. Based on the naturalistic driving data sampled in real traffic for more than half a year, the relation between ego vehicle velocity and relative distance was analyzed by a multi-variable Gaussian Mixture model, from which it is found that the driver following behavior is influenced by the type of leading vehicle. Then a Hidden Markov model was designed to identify the vehicle type. This car-following model was trained and tested by using the naturalistic driving data. It can identify the leading vehicle type, i.e., passenger car, bus, and truck, and predict the ego vehicle velocity and relative distance based on a series of limited historical data in real time. The experimental validation results show that the identification accuracy of vehicle type under the static and dynamical conditions are 96.6% and 83.1%, respectively. Furthermore, comparing the results with the well-known collision avoidance model and intelligent driver model show that this new model is more accurate and can be used to design advanced driver assist systems for better adaptability to traffic conditions.
Multifunctional skin dressings synthesized via one‐pot photopolymerization: Advancing wound healing and infection prevention strategies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the field of wound healing treatment, the development of new materials is essential to cover multiple functions, such as acceleration of the healing process, prevention of infection and response to stimuli, especially if they present lower costs or are easier to manufacture. These properties are of great importance to prompt skin cicatrization. In this work, new multifunctional skin dressings for wound healing and infection prevention are developed based on new hydrogel materials. The dressings are produced via a straightforward and environmentally friendly one‐pot photopolymerization manufacturing process utilizing vitamin B2 aqueous solutions as sensitizer, and energy‐efficient blue light sources. These dressings exhibit a high swelling capacity, pH and temperature responsiveness, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity in the absence of conventional antibiotics, and are capable of promoting wound healing. The formulation is based on the combination of three monomers: 2‐((methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, methacrylic acid and N‐vinyl caprolactam. Collagen, hyaluronic acid, and essential oil of hop are added to enhance antimicrobial properties and stimulate regenerative cellular processes. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that pristine dressings are superior in promoting collagen and fibroblast regeneration and accelerating cicatrization as compared to dressings containing natural products. The dressing embedded with hop also displayed antimicrobial characteristics. The preparation and testing of these new efficient wound dressings are described. This study is distinctive in its integration of environmentally conscious manufacturing techniques with innovative material formulations, resulting in superior wound dressings that are both cost‐effective and highly functional. By achieving enhanced healing and infection prevention without the employment of conventional antibiotics, this work represents a substantial advancement in sustainable and effective wound care management.
The Argument

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book examines the connection between Jane Austen's fiction and game theory. It argues that Austen systematically explored the core ideas of game theory in her six novels some two centuries ago. It investigates Austen's basic concepts of choice and preferences as well as her views on strategic thinking. Given the breadth and ambition of her discussion, the book asserts that Austen's explicit intention is to explore strategic thinking, theoretically and not just for practical advantage. It also considers how the strategic legacy of African American folktales influenced the tactics of the U.S. civil rights movement and the ways that “folk game theory” expertly analyzed strategic situations long before game theory became an academic specialty. Finally, it looks at Austen's particular advances in a topic not yet taken up by modern game theory: the conspicuous absence of strategic thinking, or “cluelessness.”
Breath-Holding Spells and Pacemaker Implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

* Abbreviation:
BHS = : breath-holding spells

Severe breath-holding spells (BHS), both cyanotic and pallid, are a well-known clinical entity to primary care providers.1–3 This misnomer describes a nonvolitional event triggered by emotional upset resulting in crying to the point of unconsciousness whereby the child's color becomes pale or cyanotic. Indeed, descriptions can be found in 15th century medical textbooks.4 The prevalence occurs between 1.7% to 4.6% of well-patient surveys.5 ,6 Clinical manifestations, natural history, and a previously enigmatic pathophysiology have been more clearly defined and articulated.7 This symptom complex needs to be differentiated from specific etiologies mimicking BHS.7 It remains amazing how such dramatic physiologic consequences can result from what most children do well—cry. This sudden, emotion-laden, human response sets into motion a cascade of intricate and interrelated reflex phenomena resulting in expiratory apnea, color change, and …
Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is intended as a contribution to an evergrowing body of literature on the role played by principles and parameters of Universal Grammar in second-language acquisition theory. A recent paper by Broselow and Finer (1991) proposes that markedness as defined in terms of the multivalued Minimal Sonority Distance (MSD) parameter is definitive in their subjects' knowledge of certain consonant clusters in syllable onsets. This parameter provides for the characterization of the various types of consonant clusters allowed in the onsets of syllables in different languages. The object of Broselow and Finer's study was to determine whether L2 learners find clusters which are relatively more marked according to the MSD parameter to be more difficult to learn than cluster types which are relatively less marked. The present paper, however, argues that it is typological markedness (Hawkins, 1987) rather than sonority distance per se which better explains L2 learners' knowledge of English clusters in syllable onsets. In line with Clements' (1990) comprehensive investigation of sonority relations within the syllable, this paper argues that markedness alone suffices to account for the observed interlanguage patterns. Using Clements' principles, which themselves actually follow from the overall theory of markedness, the interlanguage obstruent results reported by Broselow and Finer fall out automatically.
Differential Effects of Myeloid Cell PPARδ and IL-10 in Regulating Macrophage Recruitment, Phenotype, and Regeneration following Acute Muscle Injury

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Changes in macrophage phenotype in injured muscle profoundly influence regeneration. In particular, the shift of macrophages from a proinflammatory (M1 biased) phenotype to a proregenerative (M2 biased) phenotype characterized by expression of CD206 and CD163 is essential for normal repair. According to the current canonical mechanism regulating for M1/M2 phenotype transition, signaling through PPARδ is necessary for obtaining the M2-biased phenotype. Our findings confirm that the murine myeloid cell–targeted deletion of Ppard reduces expression in vitro of genes that are activated in M2-biased macrophages; however, the mutation in mice in vivo increased numbers of CD206+ M2-biased macrophages and did not reduce the expression of phenotypic markers of M2-biased macrophages in regenerating muscle. Nevertheless, the mutation impaired CCL2-mediated chemotaxis of macrophages and slowed revascularization of injured muscle. In contrast, null mutation of IL-10 diminished M2-biased macrophages but produced no defects in muscle revascularization. Our results provide two significant findings. First, they illustrate that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions in vitro are not always predictive of mechanisms that are most important in vivo. Second, they show that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions differ in different in vivo environments.