jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Accounting and Control in Georgia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article “Analysis of Accounting and Control in Georgia” discusses the legislative and normative acts of regulation of accounting and control, key issues of control in organizations’ activity, issues of improvement for accounting and control regulation. It also discusses the issues of improvement of the united system of financial control. The 2015-2017 survey report presented by us analyzes the condition and challenges of the internal financial control system and the hindering factors of its development. At the initial stage of the survey, a detailed selection scheme has been made up, which included the organization selected for characterization of internal financial control. We have emphasized problems on the one hand and - best practices on the other. We discussed issues that are equally problematic for organizations. The relevance of the article’s topic is caused by problematic issues related to the control in the institutions. A successful business is impossible without finance control and management skills. Although the Audit Service has been set up, which replaced the Chamber of Control, a united system of control and monitoring of budget funds has not been established yet. Control, which is mainly undertaken by state structures, is characterized by the necessity of detecting and eliminating violations. Whereas while the conclusion of the results of audit account of the financial accountancy, the issuance of recommendations and negative feedback in case of certain circumstances is done.
An Auxiliary Differential Equation Method for FDTD Modeling of Wave Propagation in Cole-Cole Dispersive Media

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A method for modeling time-domain wave propagation in dispersive Cole-Cole media is presented. The Cole-Cole model can describe the frequency dependence of the electromagnetic properties of various biological tissues with great accuracy over a wide frequency range and plays a key role in microwave medical imaging. The main difficulty in the time-domain modeling of Cole-Cole media is the appearance of fractional time derivatives. In the proposed method a Padé approximation is employed resulting in auxiliary differential equations of integer order. A finite-difference time-domain method is developed to solve the differential equations obtained. The comparison of analytical and calculated relative complex permittivity values over wideband frequency domain proves the validity of the method.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Treated with Cortisone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

RETROLENTAL\ FIBROPLASIABmsoL 1487 eyes of stillborn infants and of those dying in the early weeks of life, and hope that this will throw some light on the problem.SummaryHistological appearances of nine eyes enucleated in the late stage of retrolental fibroplasia are described.It is considered that the condition is inflammatory in origin, but the cause of the irritation cannot be deduced from the histology.We are grateful to the surgeons of the Oxford Eye Hospital for permission to use the histories of cases under their charge.
Ezrin Promotes Antigen Receptor Diversity during B Cell Development by Supporting Ig H Chain Variable Gene Recombination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Genome-level rearrangements of Ig genes during B cell development are critical for generation of a diverse repertoire of BCRs that bind to a multitude of foreign Ags and some self Ags. Bone marrow B cell development involves a variety of cell–cell interactions, cell migration, and receptor signaling that likely benefit from the activity of membrane-cytoskeletal reorganizing proteins. However, the specific contribution of such proteins toward BCR repertoire diversification is poorly understood. Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeletal linker protein that regulates mature B cell activation through spatial organization of the BCR. We employed next-generation sequencing to investigate whether Ezrin plays a role in IgH rearrangements and generation of BCR diversity in developing bone marrow B cells. BCR repertoire development occurred stochastically in B cell progenitors from both control and B cell conditional Ezrin-deficient mice. However, the loss of Ezrin resulted in fewer unique CDRs (CDR3s) in the BCRs and reduced Shannon entropy. Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells revealed similar utilization of joining (J) genes but significantly fewer variable (V) genes, thereby decreasing V-J combinatorial diversity. V-J junctional diversity, measured by CDR3 length and nucleotide additions and deletions, was not altered in Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells. Mechanistically, Ezrin-deficient cells showed a marked decrease in RAG1 gene expression, indicating a less efficient DNA recombination machinery. Overall, our results demonstrate that Ezrin shapes the BCR repertoire through combinatorial diversification.
Effect of task-oriented training with and without trunk Restraint on Reaching Activity in Adult Hemiparetics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The normal pattern for reaching to a target is not seen in hemiparesis, as patients are seen to use compensatory trunk movements to accomplish the same task. As much as this compensatory behavior allows them to accomplish the task regardless of the motor deficit, it however, may not be desirable for skill requisition. Past studies have shown that limiting these compensatory movements effectively improves reaching activity in adult hemiparetics. However in those studies, the investigators analyzed the effects of training for a very brief period. Thus in this study we are aiming to determine the effect of task-oriented training with trunk restraint on reaching activity in adult hemiparetics, where 20 adult hemiparetics over the age of 40 years were recruited and were randomly allocated to control (n=10) and experimental (n=10) groups. Participants of both groups were assigned a reaching task for 60 repetitions in a single session in 3 directions for 10 sessions within 2 weeks period. Trunk restraint was introduced to the experimental group while performing the reaching task. Pre and post-intervention scores of the Reaching Performance Scale (RPS) were analyzed. Participants of both the groups show significant (p< 0.05) change in RPS scores. Inter group post intervention RPS scores show a significant (p<0.05) differences. Additionally, when the mean values between the groups were compared, the post intervention RPS scores of the experimental groups were higher than the control group, implying better performance in the former.
Description of two new species of Ophiocordyceps: O. sinocampes and O. cystidiata (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from typical karst landform forests in Guizhou, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Karst habitats are hotspots of diversity and endemism. Their naturally fragmented distributions across broad geographic landscapes have led to a complex array of smaller evolutionary ecosystems. Comprehensive biodiversity assessments of karst habitats have revealed that these ecosystems contain a high level of endemism. During a survey of cordycipitoid fungi in the karst region of southwest Guizhou, China, we identified and proposed two new species, based on morphology and multi-locus (nrSSU, nrLSU, tef , rpb1 , and rpb2 ) phylogenetic analyses. O. cystidiata sp. nov. is characterized by gray-white to yellow fertile part, verrucose phialides, and conidia enveloped in a cystic thickened mucus sheath, distinguishing it from other species. O. sinocampes sp. nov. is distinguished by long tapering phialides with inflated bases. Phylogenetic analyses using five loci reveal that O. cystidiata shares a close relationship with O. fenggangensis , O. musicaudata , O. alboperitheciata , and Hirsutella kuankuoshuiensis , while O. sinocampes is closely related to O. multiperitheciata and H. strigosa . Herein, we completed the descriptions, illustrations and molecular phylogeny of these two new species. The host diversity of O. sinocampes has also been documented within the orders Lepidoptera and Coccoidea. Our research further enriches the diversity of cordycipitoid species in the typical karst landform areas of Guizhou, China.
Studies on the branching in Pisum sativum L. IV.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Experiments were carried out to examine the effects of light intensity during the growth upon the branching in pea. The varieties tested were GW for the strain of arvense and Usui and World Record for that of hortense.2. The plants in the field or in pots were shaded from emergence to harvest under cheese-cloth tunnel of synthetic textile (“Vinylon”). In some experiments in the latter half of the growing period the cover was removed and further in a supplementary experiment the row was mulched with straw to restrict the quantity of light the young plants receive. The light intensity in the tunnel was controlled by varying the number of cheese-cloth layers.3. In all the varieties tested, shading accelerated the internode elongation in the main stem. The trend was most remarkable in the variety GW.4. In shaded plants, branching at lower nodes of the main stem was arrested while the production of upper branches stimulated. The inhibition of the development of lower branches was enhanced as the shading became heavier. The effect of restricted light intensity was quite as remarkable in the short-term shading during the early growth stage as in the shading throughout the growing period.5. The influence of shading on the subsequent growth of developed branches varied from one experiment to another. Temperature, varietal difference in branching and other unidentified factors might be herein involved.6. In the previous reports, the authors have made it clear that long photoperiod, high temperature and application of gibberellic acid are favourable for the development of upper branches and inhibitory to the branching at lower nodes. In the present experiment, shading has proved itself to be another factor which demonstrates the same effect on the branching in pea.The current experimental data have afforded the evidence that these four factors are all potent in raising the content of auxin and/or gibberellin or in enhancing their activity in higher plants. As the consequence and in fact, these facts are in common in encouraging the internode elongation of the main stem of pea plants. Associating with these connections, a brief discussion was developed.7. The foregoing results suggest the important role of light intensity in the morphogenesis of pea plants and offer data for the practical considerations in the culture of this crop.
Fundamentals of Strategic Management in Higher Education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Strategic management has become a vital approach in higher education, helping institutions to negotiate complex and dynamic settings while accomplishing long-term goals. This chapter addresses the principles of strategic management within the context of higher education, providing a comprehensive analysis of essential components such as strategic planning, governance, and leadership. Through examining both the obstacles and opportunities presented by academic institutions, the chapter highlights the need to adopt a comprehensive approach to strategic management. Case studies from global organizations are offered to exemplify effective practices, bringing insights into the successful execution of strategic projects. The chapter also covers future developments, highlighting the necessity for adaptability and creativity as higher education continues to grow. This research contributes to the knowledge of strategic management as a vital aspect in the sustainability and expansion of academic institutions.
Organizational and Managerial Aspects of Automation in the Internal Accounting of an Enterprise

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose:The main purpose of this research is to determine the features of the automation of internal accounting through the prism of organizational, and managerial aspects, as well as the economic benefits of this process.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is based on statistics from economic and accounting institutes in order to identify key software products for automation and determine the most optimal prices for them and their diversification depending on the scope. Findings:The results of the study show that each of the software has its advantages and disadvantages, the combination of which ultimately affects the choice of management of a particular product.In addition, it has been established that there are a number of free programs that can be used by entities with limited financial resources, which will allow them to save a lot of time and optimize their work.Practical Implications: This study raises the awareness of market participants about the existing areas of internal accounting automation, the key benefits of its implementation and pricing policy.In addition, it confirms that it is possible to choose the program that best meets the individual needs of the enterprise regardless of the amount of available resources for automation and the scope of activities.Therefore, there is no necessity to delay the automation process, but it is better to implement it at the beginning.Originality / Value: The study emphasizes that the final decision on the direction of automation is made depending on the contextual conditions of the entities, taking into account the stage of the enterprise, available financial resources and scope of activities.
Human T cell proliferation in response to E. coli presented by autologous macrophages is antigen specific.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Interactions of human T cells and macrophages/monocytes (MOs) following stimulation by a Gram negative micro-organism (E. coli) have been investigated. Immunoadsorption studies showed that the E. coli-induced proliferative response of human T cells was antigen specific. The T cell pool could be selectively depleted of E. coli reactive cells by short exposure to autologous E. coli pulsed Møs. This treatment did not remove T cell reactivity directed towards an unrelated antigen (tetanus toxoid). This demonstrated the antigen specificity of the immunoadsorption step, which was further confirmed by reconstitution of E. coli reactivity after supplementing the adsorbed T cell pool with E. coli specific T cells. The Mø requirement for the E. coli-induced T cell response was confirmed and kinetic studies showed a dose-dependence with respect to the amount of E. coli used for both E. coli-induced T cell proliferation and the efficiency of immunoadsorption.
Role of p53 in Cisplatin-Induced Myotube Atrophy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia is an unfavorable prognostic factor implicated in the development of postoperative complications and reduces the quality of life of patients with cancer. Skeletal muscle loss due to cisplatin use is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases Atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1). Although animal studies suggest the involvement of p53 in age-, immobility-, and denervation-related muscle atrophy, the association between cisplatin-induced atrophy and p53 remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of a p53-specific inhibitor, pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α), on cisplatin-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Cisplatin increased the protein levels of p53, phosphorylated p53, and upregulated the mRNA expression of p53 target genes PUMA and p21 in C2C12 myotubes. PFT-α ameliorated the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction, and also reduced the cisplatin-induced increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Although PFT-α also reduced the cisplatin-induced increase in MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression, it did not ameliorate the decrease in myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein levels and muscle-specific actin and myoglobin protein levels. We conclude that cisplatin increases muscle degradation in C2C12 myotubes in a p53-dependent manner, but p53 has minimal involvement in the reduction of muscle protein synthesis.
End-of-Pipe or Cleaner Production? An Empirical Comparison of Environmental Innovation Decisions Across OECD Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

For the last 30 years, analysis of the inner workings of the firm has been largely absent from economic assessments of environmental policy. Recent work has highlighted the importance of understanding a firm's commercial motivations, decision-making procedures and organizational structure when designing and implementing public environmental policies. Environmental Policy and Corporate Behaviour responds to this need, investigating the many internal challenges faced by firms seeking to implement new policies and achieve significant and long-lasting environmental progress.
Effect of Teacher-Student Interaction on Happiness of Special Education Teacher: Focused on Mediating Effect of Teaching Efficacy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

[목적] 본 연구는 특수교사의 교사-학생 간 상호작용, 행복감, 교사효능감 수준을 파악하고 교사-학생 간 상호작용이 행복감에 미치는 영향에서 교사효능감의 매개효과를 살핌으로써 특수교사의 행복감 수준을 높일 수 있는 지원방안을 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. [방법] 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 전국에 근무하는 특수교사 280명을 대상으로 교사-학생 간 상호작용, 행복감, 교사효능감 수준을 파악하기 위한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집한 자료는 기술통계, 상관관계분석, SEM 검증, 부트스트래핑을 이용하여 분석하였다. [결과] 첫째, 특수교사의 교사-학생 간 상호작용, 행복감, 교사효능감 수준은 긍정적인 것으로 나타났으며, 각 변인 간 유의미한 상관관계를 확인하였다. 둘째, 교사효능감은 교사-학생 간 상호작용이 특수교사의 행복감에 미치는 영향에서 유의미한 완전매개효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. [결론] 특수교사의 행복감을 증진시키는 방안으로써 교사-학생 간 상호작용과 교사효능감 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 전략들을 제시하였다.
A comparative study on the stability and frying performance of replenished and non-replenished soybean oil / Wan Zunairah Wan Ibadullah

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The stability and frying performance of replenished and non-replenished used soybean oil were determined by several analyses. Peroxide value (PV) and induction period using Rancimat were used to determine the oxidative stability. Free fatty acid (FFA), color, polar and polymer compounds and sensory evaluation were conducted to determine the quality and frying performance of the oils. PV, FFA, polar, and polymer compounds in both replenished and non-replenished used soybean oils increased with increase in frying time, while induction period for both oils decreased with increase in frying time. The effect of frying time on the odor of both replenished and non-replenished used oils showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in odor. There were also no significant differences (p>0.05) in the acceptability of chicken nuggets fried in replenished and non-replenished used soybean oil. For overall assessment in terms of stability, quality and frying performance, the replenished used soybean oil was much better than the nonreplenished used soybean oil.
Design and Pspice Simulation on Interface Circuit of Capacitive Micro-Gyroscope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For testing angle velocity, testing system of micromechanical gyroscope is applied widely in both military and civil areas, and it is provided with broad foreground of evolution and application, The characteristics of the application require them have high sensitivity and accuracy, under this conditions, technology development level of interface circuit reach their limits, and restricts test performance improvement of the system of micro-gyroscope. In this paper the equivalent electrical model of capacitive micro-gyroscope is established firstly, then a novel interface circuit is designed, the interface circuit include two part, driving-circuit and detecting- circuit, and the feasibility of the driving-circuit and detecting- circuit is emulated and validated by Pspice respectively. The detecting circuit of static state capacitance is come true , and theoretical accuracy of it is 10-18F.
A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) developing on ficus whitefly Singhiellasimplex (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in China and Taiwan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ko, Chiun Cheng, Shih, Yuan Tung, Schmidt, Stefan, Polaszek, Andrew (2015): A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) developing on ficus whitefly Singhiellasimplex (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in China and Taiwan. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46: 85-90, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5155
What is the Current Picture of Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Never-smoker Adolescents in Indonesia?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Although Indonesia is not a signatory to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 84% of local governments have adopted Smoke-Free Areas (SFAs) as a national policy. This study examines exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in adolescents who have never smoked after 8 years of SFA implementation. Methods: We used data from the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a cross-sectional research design to find 6121 students from 148 schools in 30 provinces in Indonesia who met the research inclusion criteria. To identify risk factors regarding SHS exposure, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Although the local government had adopted an SFA policy, 61.1% of adolescents aged 11–17 years, especially middle and high school students, have relatively high exposure to SHS. School environments had the highest prevalence of SHS exposure (50.5%), followed by public places (49.9%) and at home (46.2%). A significant risk factor for exposure to SHS in the school environment is observed in teachers smoking inside school buildings (odds ratio [OR] =4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.81–4.89); exposure to SHS at home and in public place (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.93–3.70), and exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship on offline and online media (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.70–2.52). Conclusion: SFA policies must be evaluated and strengthened before they can be implemented to reduce smoking-related illnesses and economic losses. In addition, it is important to educate families and society about implementing SFA in school environments, public places, and at home.
Encountered but Not Engaged: Examining the Use of Social Media for Science Communication by Chinese Scientists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thus far, few studies have examined how scientists choose different social media platforms, or how using multiple platforms of social media is related to public engagement with science. This article investigates the role of social media in China’s science communication and scientists’ selective use of them. We found that social media enabled Chinese scientists to avoid relying on legacy media and to develop more interdisciplinary collaborations. In the process, these scientists strategically chose different social media platforms to increase controllability. Despite their preference for the approach of knowledge dissemination rather than dialogues, Chinese scientists tried to avoid the bureaucratic practice of science communication, and instead, they promoted some level of public participation.