jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Crizotinib Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Effect on Patients’ Quality of Life and Adverse Reaction Rate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose. To explore the efficacy of crizotinib combined with chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its effect on patients’ quality of life (QOL) and adverse reaction rate (ARR). Methods. 90 advanced NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital (from 01, 2019 to 01, 2020) were chosen as the research objects and randomly split into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) by flipping a coin, with 45 cases each. Chemotherapy was performed to CG, and the crizotinib treatment was introduced to EG on this basis, so as to compare their clinical efficacy, ARR and 3-year survival rate, and QOL before and after intervention by the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74). Results. Compared with CG, EG after treatment obtained obviously higher total clinical effective rate ( P < 0.001), lower total ARR ( P < 0.05), higher GQOLI-74 scores ( P < 0.001), and higher 3-year survival rate ( P < 0.05). Conclusion. Combining crizotinib with chemotherapy to advanced NSCLC patients can effectively improve the patients’ level of quality of life, prolong the long-term survival rate, and present a better effect than single chemotherapy. Further study is conducive to establishing a better treatment scheme for advanced NSCLC patients.
Pilot-symbols-aided cycle slip mitigation for DP-16QAM optical communication systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A pilot-symbols-aided phase unwrapping (PAPU), which utilizes the time-division multiplexed pilot symbols that are transmitted with data, is proposed to do cycle slip detection and correction with the carrier phase estimation (CPE). Numerical simulations for 10 Gbaud dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) systems show that the block averaging quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) partitioning with PAPU greatly eliminates the performance degradation caused by cycle slips, maintains a low CS probability with less influence of filter length, and achieves a bit-error-rate (BER) performance below soft-decision forward error correction (FEC) limit 2 × 10⁻² at 15 dB optical signal-to-noise ratio with only 1.56% overhead and 6 MHz combined laser linewidth.
Iboga Inspired N-Indolylethyl-Substituted Isoquinuclidines as a Bioactive Scaffold: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Characterization as GDNF Releasers and Antitrypanosoma Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The first stage of the drug discovery process involves the identification of small compounds with biological activity. Iboga alkaloids are monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) containing a fused isoquinuclidine-tetrahydroazepine ring. Both the natural products and the iboga-inspired synthetic analogs have shown a wide variety of biological activities. Herein, we describe the chemoenzymatic preparation of a small library of novel N-indolylethyl-substituted isoquinuclidines as iboga-inspired compounds, using toluene as a starting material and an imine Diels–Alder reaction as the key step in the synthesis. The new iboga series was investigated for its potential to promote the release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) by C6 glioma cells, and to inhibit the growth of infective trypanosomes. GDNF is a neurotrophic factor widely recognized by its crucial role in development, survival, maintenance, and protection of dopaminergic neuronal circuitries affected in several neurological and psychiatric pathologies. Four compounds of the series showed promising activity as GDNF releasers, and a leading structure (compound 11) was identified for further studies. The same four compounds impaired the growth of bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50 1–8 μM) and two of them (compounds 6 and 14) showed a good selectivity index.
Long Noncoding RNA Mediated Regulation in Human Embryogenesis, Pluripotency, and Reproduction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with more than 200 bp in length, are produced by pervasive transcription in mammalian genomes and regulate gene expression through various action mechanisms. Accumulating data indicate that lncRNAs mediate essential biological functions in human development, including early embryogenesis, induction of pluripotency, and germ cell development. Comprehensive analysis of sequencing data highlights that lncRNAs are expressed in a stage-specific and human/primate-specific pattern during early human development. They contribute to cell fate determination through interacting with almost all classes of cellular biomolecules, including proteins, DNA, mRNAs, and microRNAs. Furthermore, the expression of a few of lncRNAs is highly associated with the pathogenesis and progression of many reproductive diseases, suggesting that they could serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosis or novel targets for treatment. Here, we review research on lncRNAs and their roles in embryogenesis, pluripotency, and reproduction. We aim to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms essential for human development and provide novel insight into the causes and treatments of human reproductive diseases.
Women, Love, and Virtue in the Thought of Edwards and Franklin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter turns to the intellectual underpinnings of the emerging sentimental ideas about women. It compares the ideas of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin. It also shows ways to connect their theological and philosophical ideas with shifting popular conceptions of women in the mid-eighteenth century. Both Edwards and Franklin found relations between men and women problematic. Edwards never fully resolved the thorny moral and spiritual questions posed by human love. For all Franklin's appreciation of the economic and reproductive aspects of marriage, he made considerably less room for intimate relationships than Edwards. It is suggested that romantic love between men and women symbolized the ambiguous and even threatening element of human interdependence and emotional fusion. While these two intellectuals managed for the most part to avoid this increasingly troublesome issue, it would emerge with full force in the sentimental literature and religious moralizing of the following generation.
STUDY, BY ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE, OF THE RECOMBINATION OF FREE RADICALS PRODUCED BY $gamma$ IRRADIATION OF CYCLOHEXANE AT 77 K

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The recombination of free radicals produced by gamma irradiation under vacuum of cyclohexane was studied at 77 deg K by electron paramagnetic resonance. It was found that in the samples crystallized by tempering in liquid nitrogen, the recombination of the radicals starts at approximately 140 to 150 deg K and that the experiments are irreproducible. On the contrary, in the annealed samples, the recombination commences only toward 180 deg K and is total in several degrees. It was concluded that the recombination is controlled only by the changes of the solid structure. It is suggested that this method can be used to study these changes in structure. (tr-auth)
Protein protein interaction of p53 and p73 with YY1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: We have previously described a relevant role of the p53 family members in tumorigenesis, therapeutic response and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since protein interaction networks play a key role in signaling pathways of different tumor entities we used the LUMIER-assay (LUminescence-based Mammalian IntERactome mapping) which is a high-throughput technology to identify protein protein interactions of the p53 family in HCC. Methods and results: First we established the LUMIER-assay in Hep3B cells to be able to map protein interaction networks in liver cells and apply it to the p53 and p73 pathway. A set of relevant proteins from extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways, cell cycle and proliferation control was selected using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis System and the BIOGRID database. Selected proteins were transiently expressed in Hep3B cells using GATEWAY-compatible ORF clones. Positive interactions were further analysed and verified by co-immunoprecipitations.Among the protein protein interactions newly identified, the interaction of p53 with YY1 (Ying Yang 1) and the interaction of p73 with YY1 was most notable. YY1 is known as a transcription factor and as a negative regulator of p53. YY1 overexpression stimulates p53 ubiquitination and degradation through direct physical interaction with p53 and Hdm2. The direct interaction of YY1 and p73 has not been described so far and may be relevant for hepatocarcinogenesis. We are investigating the influence of YY1 on p73 levels and induction of apoptosis of HCC cells. Conclusion: We have adapted LUMIER technology to map protein protein interactions of p53 and p73 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. First results have revealed so far undescribed direct interaction of YY1 and p73 which plays a relevant role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Chapter 8 On Emerging Asian Equilibrium Exchange Rates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this chapter is to provide equilibrium exchange rates values for a large set of currencies and to study the adjustment process of observed exchange rates toward these levels by paying special attention to emerging Asian countries. Relying on panel smooth transition regression models, we show that real exchange rate dynamics in the long run are nonlinear for emerging Asian countries, and linear for the G7 currencies. Especially, there exists an asymmetric behavior of the real exchange rate when facing an over- or undervaluation, the adjustment speed being higher in the case of undervaluation in Asia. Although this result may be explained by the international pressure to limit undervaluation, the undervaluation may still persist over time, as has been observed since the beginning of 1990s.
Reliable Informational Data and Secured Deviation Notification over Networks Using IOT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The need of uninterrupted services from servers, networks and databases in the current environment relying completely on computing technologies. This paper implements Automatic database duplication with one master database server and multiple slave database servers. The proposed system ensures slave database server replicates data of master server which can be used to restore services in case master server fails. Existing method does this with human intervention which is a time consuming process. Therefore, the proposed system ensures to implement automatic failover capabilities with relatively low downtime and notifying the same using smart alert system. The alert mechanism includes sending an encrypted message notifying the master failure, any deviation from normal working of automatic up gradation software. The messages exchanged are AES encrypted using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) as IOT protocol. The proposed system implemented with Arduino, Sensors and java keycards. Results prove automatic failover utilizes less resources and system downtime is almost zero compared to manual failover. Analysis of performance, System downtime, time estimation is carried out to check the time required for key generation and encryption.
Definition of an Ecolabel for Aircraft

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In attempting to increase the environmental awareness in the aviation sector and to eliminate the green washing phenomenon, an investigation was done into the development and definition of an ecolabel for aircraft. Based on life cycle assessment it was found that aviation affects the environment most with the impact categories resource depletion and global warming (both due to fuel consumption), local air pollution (due to the nitrogen oxide emissions in the vicinity of airports) and noise pollution. For each impact category a calculation method was developed based solely on official, certified and publicly available data to meet the stated requirements of the ISO standards about environmental labeling. To ensure that every parameter is evaluated independently on aircraft size, which allows comparison between different aircraft, normalizing factors such as number of seats, rated thrust and noise level limits are used. Additionally, a travel class weighting factor is derived in order to account for the space occupied per seat in first class, business class and economy class. To finalize the ecolabel, the overall environmental impact is determined by weighting the contribution of each impact category. For each category a rating scale from A to G is developed to compare the performance of the aircraft with that of others. The harmonization of the scientific and environmental information, presented in an easy understandable label, enables the traveling customers to make a well informed and educated choice when booking a flight, selecting among airline offers with different types of aircraft and seating arrangements.
Cytokinins in seed development and germination.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In face of the double reflex of fascination and defiance which is right away created by statistical methods by computers, the authors have attempted by means of precise examples to demystify these methods by recalling: 1) That computer statistics can be defined as the association of a service and a machine, the combination should be considered as an instrument and only an instrument. 2) That the application of computer statistics to odonto-stomatological research of course evidently enables the resolution of problems which would be otherwise insoluble, but above all considerably enlarges the field of research by rendering visible phenomena which would otherwise remain hidden. In this way, statistical methods by computer can be compared with the microscope; a low magnification with the optical microscope justifies only an overall view of the section while changing to higher magnifications permits the demonstration of details which would remain unsuspected. Use of the electromicroscope opens up another world for research. 3) In the same way as the biologist who uses the microscope, if he knows the principle of it is not in so far a specialist in optics, neither does the research woker who uses statistics necessarily have to be a trained statistician, on the one condition that evidently he disposes of professional computer logistics. This is the case of the ACB (Nantes) rush technical units, who cosigned this work, where the engineers who pose the problems to be resolved and emit the working hypotheses from the results supplied by the statistical studies are not the same people who carry out these very studies. 4) An essential fact, the research worker's independance is complete, only he can pose the problems and emit the hypothesis from the correlation, i. e. point of fact concomitance between the various isolated parameters. It therefore does not seem that weighty statistical techniques presently occupy the place of choice which should be theirs in stomatological research and more particularly in research concerning growth and development of the face where their use seems to be electively implied in face of the number and complexity of the parameters looked at.
Application of Pressure and Release Model to Assess Flood Impact in Mitondo Area, Chikwawa District, Malawi

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study analysed the flood impact in the Mitondo area regarding the Pressure and Release (PAR) model. The PAR model depicts a disaster as a product of physical exposure and socioeconomic Pressure. The model has three components generating Vulnerability on the social side, namely root causes, dynamic Pressure, and unsafe conditions. The study aimed to identify the impact that floods have had on people's socioeconomic status, to establish the most vulnerable groups during floods regarding gender and to identify coping mechanisms employed during floods. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design. Most prone flood villages were selected, participants were sampled using purposive sampling, and data were analysed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The study results revealed that the prevailing vulnerabilities during the floods were rooted in various factors, ranging from poverty, lack of resources, lack of strong infrastructure, and lack of early warning systems, as depicted by the stages of the PAR model. These factors resulted from the individual, community, and national Government's mistakes. There is still more to be done on the progression to the safety model. The current efforts in Mitondo are only based on and aiming at controlling the situation. For example, people must relocate to safe locations, build hazard-resistant buildings and infrastructure, increase low incomes, and embark on a disaster preparedness plan to achieve safe conditions. The study recommended that Government and key stakeholders should civic educate people in Mitondo who reside in flood-prone areas in order for them to move permanently to higher grounds. The relocating should go with the provision of all the necessary socio amenities such as schools, hospitals, infrastructure, water, and agriculture support for three years to enable the households to settle. Furthermore, the district council must develop response and recovery plans for flood hazards in line with its disaster risk management plans and integrate them with its contingency plans.
Angiotropic (Intravascular) Large Cell Lymphoma: Case Report and Short Discussion of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of angiotropic (intravascular) large B-cell lymphoma in an 84-year-old woman who underwent diagnostic procedures for progressive, painful induration of the legs. Physical examination and imaging studies revealed only widespread telangiectasias and significant panniculitis-like lymphedema of the legs, with no masses or lymphadenopathies. The patient achieved a complete clinical remission after the first three cycles of polychemotherapy. Although angiotropic lymphoma is a rare entity with polymorphic clinical presentations, its early diagnosis appears very important since it may be curable with appropriate chemotherapy regimens.
Source Code Vulnerability Analysis Using GPT-2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study introduces a deep learning methodology aimed at identifying security vulnerabilities present in C/C++ source code files. Employing default tokenizers and encoders of the GPT-2 architecture, the approach involves pre-training and subsequent fine-tuning of a GPT-2 large language model using diverse C/C++ source code files sourced from various open-source projects. Evaluation of the model's efficacy is conducted through the detection of vulnerabilities within multiple datasets dedicated to source code vulnerability analysis. Findings from the evaluation demonstrate that appropriately trained and fine-tuned GPT-2 models utilizing default tokenizers and encoders produce results comparably favorable to alternative deep learning methodologies.
Fatal Fertilizer: PFAS Contamination of Farmland from Biosolids and Potential Federal Solutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Farmers across the country are increasingly discovering devastating levels of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in their soil, water, and farm products from the spread of biosolid fertilizer. Contamination from these “forever chemicals” is causing farmers to close their businesses, lose their incomes and property values, and confront potential ad- verse health effects from toxic exposure. PFAS are not federally regulated, leaving farmers with no options for federal assistance with contamination crises. This article examines federal regulations that govern the spread of biosolids as well as existing and proposed federal regulations of PFAS. To fill in federal regulatory gaps, this article proposes federal policy recommendations to prevent and remediate PFAS contamination of farmland and provide financial assistance, medical monitoring, and mental health services for affected farmers.
Pericyclic Reactions in Nature: Spontaneous Cope Rearrangement Inactivates Algae Pheromones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A pheromone roughly 100 times more effective than cyclohepta-1,4-diene 2 (R = C2H5, ectocarpene) is its biosynthetic precursor 1. This thermally labile cis-disubstituted cyclopropane is the actual signaling agent of the marine brown algae Ectocarpus siliculosus. The [3,3]sigmatropic rearrangement of 1 giving 2 (t1/2 = 21 min at 18°C) is the fastest known reaction for the spontaneous inactivation of a pheromone.
“Practicing the Wild”: Twain and Thoreau at the Lakes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mark Twain's depiction of Lake Tahoe in Chapters 22 and 23 of Roughing It—“the fairest picture the whole earth affords”—has embedded him within Tahoe's history and culture. His descriptions of pristine waters of the lake echo the Transcendental phrasings of Thoreau in “The Ponds” chapter of Walden and fit securely within the nineteenth-century Romantic tradition of wilderness writing. The lakes become important measures of the authors' conceptualizations of the natural world—their “practice of the wild,” in the poet Gary Snyder's terms. Using theoretical applications of wildness, including Thoreau's essay “Walking,” this article argues that neither author's literary imagination reconciles the presence of wildness, ultimately appropriating it as a setting where human activity takes place, and resisting the representation of nature as an organism in a state of constant change. Even Thoreau, after his disorienting climb to the summit of Mount Ktaadn, vows to settle for a more orthodox assimilation of wildness.
Discourse on the Extended Meaning of Shahada: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The existence of God is an extraordinary occurrence that presents a challenge for the limited human intellect to comprehend. Hence, arriving at that conviction necessitates unwavering trust and belief. In Islam, the affirmation of this conviction must be expressed in two lines known as the shahada. In addition to this paranormal event, the language structure pertaining to the two words found in the shahada includes the term أشهد (ashhadu), which translates as ‘I testify’. This statement assumes that the person testifying had prior knowledge of God’s existence, despite the fact that it is supernatural and challenging to ascertain. Why is the word أشهد (ashhadu) included in both sentences of the shahada? This essay seeks to examine the semantic significance of the linguistic expression realised in the proclamation of the two sentences of the shahada, specifically focusing on the word أشهد (ashhadu). This analysis will be conducted within a cognitive-pragmatic or sociocognitive framework. Typically, the cognitive pragmatics method considers not just the semantic meaning of a statement but also the pragmatic meaning of an utterance. During a speech or communication event, both of these meanings are consistently present as an individual intellectually constructs a representation of the context and scenario. The context encompasses not just tangible objects but also intangible aspects, for instance psychological and cognitive factors, including beliefs and knowledge. The findings obtained by this study indicate that the sentence أشهد (ashhadu), in addition to its semantic meaning of ‘I testify’, also possesses a pragmatic-psychological significance in the form of a linguistic texture (zauqullughoh) that may be experienced by the speaker. This may possibly offer psychological encouragement to individuals when they begin to self-explore or engage with their originator.