jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Synthesis of an RNA Fragment Corresponding to the Anti-Codon Loop and Stem of tRNAPhefrom Yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A hexadecamer corresponding to the anticodon loop and stem of tRNAPhe yeast has been prepared using T4 RNA ligase and isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. The two oligonucleotides used in the ligation were isolated from a ribonuclease T1 digest of the tRNA which was resolved by HPLC on an anion exchange column. To prepare the “acceptor” oligonucleotide for the RNA ligase reaction a 3′ terminal phosphate was removed. To prepare the “donor” oligomer a 5′ terminal phosphate was added. Analysis of the product hexadecamer was by nucleoside and nucleotide-3′-mono-phosphate composition.
Stellar Structures in $f(\mathcal{G})$ Gravity Admitting Noether Symmetries

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This work aims to investigate some possible emergence of relativistic compact stellar objects in modified $f(\mathcal{G})$ gravity using Noether symmetry approach. For this purpose, we assume static spherically symmetric spacetime in the presence of isotropic matter distribution. We construct Noether symmetry generators along with associated conserved quantities by considering the standard choice of viable $f(\mathcal{G})$ gravity model i.e. $f(\mathcal{G})= α\mathcal{G}^{n}$, where $α$ is the model parameter. In particular, we use conservation relation acquired from the classical Noether approach by imposing some appropriate initial conditions to construct the metric potentials. The obtained conserved quantity play vital role in describing the stellar structure of compact stars. Moreover, by considering an appropriate numerical solution, some salient features of compact stellar structures like effective energy density, pressure, energy conditions, stability against equilibrium of the forces and speed of sound are discussed by assigning the suitable values of model parameter involved. Our study reveals that the compact objects in $f(\mathcal{G})$ gravity from Noether symmetry approach depend on the conserved quantity obtained and the model parameter $α$. In nutshell, Noether symmetries are quite helpful to generate solutions that follow physically accepted phenomena. Moreover, we observed that these obtained solutions are consistent with the astrophysical observational data, which depicts the viability of our proposed Noether symmetry scheme.
Ipsilateral mydriasis in focal occipitotemporal seizures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MRI disclosed serpentiform nerve fascicles surrounded and separated by fibrous and fatty tissue within the expanded nerve sheath as typical features of fibrolipomatous hamartoma. 2 4Fibrolipomatous hamartoma can clearly be distinguished from lipomas within the nerve sheath, which are characteristic focal masses that dislocate and compress the normal nerve bundles, 6 and from segmental and plexiform neurofibromatosis, in which the neurofibroma has MRI signal characteristics of soft tissue and not of fat.Furthermore, in plexiform neurofibromatosis, the tortuous nerve is studded by small tumours. 6 7The unique features of fibrolipomatous hamartoma as identified by MRI , allow the identification of this benign nerve tumour preoperatively.This facilitates the decision to decompress aVected nerves at the preferential sites of nerve entrapment and helps to avoid diagnostic nerve biopsy or even resection of an ambiguous nerve tumour.
Development and Evaluation of Two Pecan Scab Prediction Models

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusicladium effusum (syn. Cladosporium caryigenum), causal agent of pecan scab, is the most economically important pathogen of pecan (Carya illinoinensis). A weather-based advisory is currently used in Oklahoma to assess the need for fungicide application and requires the accumulation of scab hours. A scab hour is defined as an hour of average temperature and relative humidity ≥ 21.1°C and 90%, respectively. To assess the validity of the thresholds in the advisory, repeated ratings of disease severity were taken on fruit each year during the 1994–96 and 2009–10 growing seasons. Hourly weather variables were also examined, including temperature, relative humidity, dew point, dew point depression, total solar radiation, and total rainfall. Rain and disease severity were converted to binomial variables where a rain event (≥2.5mm) and disease severity (≥25%) were coded as 1 and all other events as 0. Logistic regression models adjusted for correlated data were developed using generalized estimating equations. Two models were developed: a temperature/relative humidity model and a dew point/dew point depression model. For the temperature/relative humidity model, the best fitting model included all main effects. Using this model, validation exercises assuming no rain and total solar radiation of 22.5 MJ m –2 resulted in a 0.62 probability of pecan scab development when the temperature was 21°C and relative humidity was 90%. Findings of this model were further validated during field studies that evaluated different combinations of temperature and relative humidity thresholds for scheduling fungicide applications. These analyses indicated that the current thresholds of temperature and relative humidity are viable but a modification of the relative humidity component should be considered. For the dew point/dew point depression model, a reduced model, including dew point, dew point depression, and the binomial rain variable, was considered adequate for explaining scab events, which suggests that future model building to describe pecan scab epidemics should include dew point, dew point depression, rain, and total solar radiation as independent variables.
Insights from local government managers: Navigating crises through organizational capacities and perceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Recent years have shown that strategic responses to crises by local governments (LGs) depend on the type of crisis, the institutional environment, but also internal capacities and sensemaking processes. However, such relationships have not been tested widely yet. Based on a survey of managers ( n = 590) from cities with more than 15,000 inhabitants in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, this study explores the role played by specific organizational capacities (critical thinking, bricolage, and financial capacities) and crisis perceptions (valence—i.e., threat vs. opportunity; and controllability) in shaping adaptive or regressive response strategies. Results show that these capacities are associated with how LGs' managers perceive crises and the type of responses adopted. Higher financial capacity, bricolage, and critical thinking are associated with stronger sense of organizational controllability, but they have different relationships with threat and opportunity perceptions. The study confirms the importance of distinguishing valence (threat and opportunity) from controllability perceptions.
Single-crystal metal halide perovskite-based photodetectors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as some of the most promising semiconductors for fabricating photodetectors (PDs) for image sensing and detection. Their appeal stems from their exceptional optoelectronic properties, high photoelectric performance, tunable band gaps, and low-cost solution processability. In recent years, MHP single crystals (SCs) have demonstrated superior stability, enhanced optoelectronic properties, and improved performance compared to widely studied polycrystalline thin-film counterparts. This advantage arises from their lower trap density and the minimal influence of grain boundaries and surface defects. This chapter provides a concise introduction to potential MHP SCs that meet the critical requirements for high-performance PDs. We then describe the various characterization techniques used to analyze the optoelectronic properties of MHP SCs and assess the performance of MHP SC-based PDs. Subsequently, we discuss in detail the nucleation process, surface processing, device architecture, structural doping strategies, and performance evaluation. In addition to exploring the photoelectric properties and device structures of MHP SC-based PDs, we also examine their long-term stability under ambient and operational conditions. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze the potential of MHP SCs for self-powered PDs by optimizing epitaxial growth, doping strategies, and electrode design. Finally, we highlight the key challenges and propose potential solutions for advancing the future development of MHP SC-based PDs.
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Elemental Sulfur in the Presence of Coal-Derived Fuel Gas

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A rotatable central composite design approach was utilized to examine the activity and selectivity of an activated carbon-based catalyst during partial oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur. Tests were conducted at 400 psig with a 4000 ppmv H2S inlet concentration in the presence of coal-derived fuel gas (i.e., CO, CO2, H2, and H2O). Temperature, space velocity, and O2:H2S ratio were chosen as process variables for the study to generate response surface maps of elemental sulfur yield and longevity. Temperature was varied from 150-300°C; gas hourly space velocity varied from 1000 -15000 h-1 (STP); O2:H2S varied from 0.5-2.0. Evolution of SO2 and/or COS during some of the tests indicated the presence of side reactions. The relationship between the process variables and catalyst performance as well as the results of catalyst characterization is discussed.
Ice cream properties affected by carrageenan form seaweed deference type drying methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate on physical properties of ice cream samples prepared with combined κ-carrageenan from seaweed by using two methods of drying seaweed which is direct sun-drying and drying using sauna techniques, the results the highest overrun was in ice cream with κ-carrageenan with sauna system (59.54±0.55 %). The highest melting rate was ice cream with Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1.72±0.05 g/min). The highest of viscosity was κ-carrageenan with the sauna system (143.67±1.52 cP). The highest of hardness was κ-carrageenan with the Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (405.20±0.26 g/cm 2 ). The sauna technique good for overrun, viscosity and direct sun-drying good for hardness.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Technology Assessment on the Use of Aromatase Inhibitors As Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer: Status Report 2004

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To update the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on adjuvant use of aromatase inhibitors. Recommendations Based on results from multiple large randomized trials, adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer should include an aromatase inhibitor in order to lower the risk of tumor recurrence. Neither the optimal timing nor duration of aromatase inhibitor therapy is established. Aromatase inhibitors are appropriate as initial treatment for women with contraindications to tamoxifen. For all other postmenopausal women, treatment options include 5 years of aromatase inhibitors treatment or sequential therapy consisting of tamoxifen (for either 2 to 3 years or 5 years) followed by aromatase inhibitors for 2 to 3, or 5 years. Patients intolerant of aromatase inhibitors should receive tamoxifen. There are no data on the use of tamoxifen after an aromatase inhibitor in the adjuvant setting. Women with hormone receptor–negative tumors should not receive adjuvant endocrine therapy. The role of other biomarkers such as progesterone receptor and HER2 status in selecting optimal endocrine therapy remains controversial. Aromatase inhibitors are contraindicated in premenopausal women; there are limited data concerning their role in women with treatment-related amenorrhea. The side effect profiles of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors differ. The late consequences of aromatase inhibitor therapy, including osteoporosis, are not well characterized. Conclusion The Panel believes that optimal adjuvant hormonal therapy for a postmenopausal woman with receptor-positive breast cancer includes an aromatase inhibitor as initial therapy or after treatment with tamoxifen. Women with breast cancer and their physicians must weigh the risks and benefits of all therapeutic options.
Metabolic Syndrome and Depression: A Systematic Review of the Association

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To explore whether there is an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression, the nature of the relationship, and implications for practicing health care professionals. Data Sources: Peer reviewed articles obtained through electronic database search in: CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO between the years of 2006 and 2013. Results: MetS and depression have a bidirectional association; MetS leads to depression and vice-versa. More severe depression has a stronger association with MetS. Increased waist circumference (AKA: abdominal obesity, body mass index [BMI]), elevated triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol are the MetS components most commonly/strongly associated depression. Though not thoroughly evaluated, gender, age, and race were not found to impact this association. Implications for Practice: As patients with MetS are at higher risk for developing depression, and vice-versa, practitioners should evaluate patients with either condition for the presence of the other. Presence/severity of depression should be assessed with a screening instrument. In the reviewed articles no suggested treatment is given; MetS components and depression should each be treated independently. Caution should be exercised with TCA antidepressants as they are associated with abdominal obesity.
Gravitational-wave signature of core-collapse supernovae

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here, we calculate the gravitational-wave (GW) signatures of detailed 3D core-collapse supernova sim ulations spanning a range of massive stars. Most of the simulations are carried out to times late enough to capture more than 95% of the total GW emission. We find that the f/g-mode and f-mode of proto-neutron star oscillations carry away most of the GW power. The f-mode frequency inex orably rises as the proto-neutron star (PNS) core shrinks. We demonstrate that the GW emission is excited mostly by accretion plumes onto the PNS that energize modal oscillations and also high frequency (“haze”) emission correlated with the phase of violent accretion. The duration of the major phase of emission varies with exploding progenitor and there is a strong correlation between the total GW energy radiated and the compactness of the progenitor. Moreover, the total GW emissions vary by as much as three orders of magnitude from star to star. For black-hole formation, the GW signal tapers off slowly and does not manifest the haze seen for the exploding models. For such failed models, we also witness the emergence of a spiral shock motion that modulates the GW emission at a frequency near ~100 Hertz that slowly increases as the stalled shock sinks. We find significant angular anisotropy of both the high- and low-frequency (memory) GW emissions, though the latter have very little power.
Moblization potential of Pentecostalism in modern Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article aims to examine the mobilizational potential of Pentecostalism - one of the fastest growing and the largest branches of Christianity in Africa. The obtained results indicate a high mobilization potential of African Pentecostalism, yet it has some features and limitations. Its exploitation is connected with a duality that lies in the internal heterogeneity, the doctrinal peculiarities of the waves of Pentecostalism. This defines multiscale nature of the mobilizational potential of Pentecostalism. It can cover both certain settlements and entire states and pursue both global goals and the personal interests of individual leaders. The influence of Pentecostalism can spread to ethnic groups and nations, other Christian denominations and even Islam. By creating political parties, NGOs, youth and charitable organizations Pentecostals penetrate into political life of Africa. Additionally, there are evidences of radicalization of Pentecostalism, which occurs in multiconfessional countries such as Nigeria. Despite the growing involvement of Pentecostalism in the social and political life of African countries, at the moment it is quite localized. This may be due to the extremely intense competition between Pentecostal Churches. In the future, when the territorial expansion of Pentecostalism slows down, we can expect the unification and acceleration of such churches and their integration into the social and political life of Africa as a single force. This trend can already be traced in &quot;umbrella structures&quot; and &quot;alliances&quot; forming around large classical Pentecostal churches and megachurches in countries of the continent with large Pentecostal communities - Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Ghana, DR Congo, etc.
Type-Preserving, Dependence-Aware Guide Generation for Sound, Effective Amortized Probabilistic Inference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In probabilistic programming languages (PPLs), a critical step in optimization-based inference methods is constructing, for a given model program, a trainable guide program. Soundness and effectiveness of inference rely on constructing good guides, but the expressive power of a universal PPL poses challenges. This paper introduces an approach to automatically generating guides for deep amortized inference in a universal PPL. Guides are generated using a type-directed translation per a novel behavioral type system. Guide generation extracts and exploits independence structures using a syntactic approach to conditional independence, with a semantic account left to further work. Despite the control-flow expressiveness allowed by the universal PPL, generated guides are guaranteed to satisfy a critical soundness condition and moreover, consistently improve training and inference over state-of-the-art baselines for a suite of benchmarks.
Sinorhizobium arboris sp. nov. and Sinorhizobium kostiense sp. nov., isolated from leguminous trees in Sudan and Kenya

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SDS-PAGE of total bacterial proteins was applied to the classification of 25 Sudanese and five Kenyan strains isolated from the root nodules of Acacia senegal and Prosopis chilensis. Twenty strains were also studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and the whole 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from two strains representing the two major clusters. These results, together with the previously reported numerical taxonomy analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis studies, DNA-DNA dot-blot hybridization, genomic fingerprinting using repetitive sequence-based PCR, DNA base composition analysis, DNA-DNA reassociation analysis, partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and RFLP analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene, showed that all 30 strains belong to the genus Sinorhizobium. Two of the strains grouped with Sinorhizobium saheli and seven with Sinorhizobium terangae, while the rest did not cluster with any of the established species. The majority of the strains formed two phenotypically and genotypically distinct groups and we therefore propose that these strains should be classified as two new species, Sinorhizobium arboris sp. nov. and Sinorhizobium kostiense sp. nov.
Predicting turnover intention among auditors: Is WIPL a mediator?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the four dimensions of organisational justice and competitive psychological climate on work interference with personal life (WIPL) and subsequently, the effect of WIPL on turnover intention. Specifically, the mediating role of WIPL was also investigated. Data were collected from 383 auditors in audit firms in Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the research model. Results revealed that distributive justice and interpersonal justice were negatively related to WIPL, while competitive psychological climate was positively related to WIPL. Additionally, WIPL was found to be positively related to turnover intention. Distributive justice, interpersonal justice, and competitive psychological climate were also found to have indirect effects on turnover intention through WIPL. This study has specifically further contributed to theoretical knowledge by uncovering the mediating role of WIPL based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory.
Wage Gaps and Job Sorting in African Manufacturing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using matched employer--employee data from eleven African countries, we investigate if there is job sorting in African labour markets. We find that much of the wage gap associated with education is driven by selection across occupations and firms. This is consistent with educated workers being more effective at complex tasks such as labour management. In all countries, the education wage gap widens rapidly at high levels of education. Most of the education wage gap at low levels of education can be explained by selection across occupations. We also find that the education wage gap tends to be higher for women, except in Morocco where many poorly educated women work in the garment sector. A large share of the gender wage gap is explained by selection into low wage occupations and firms. Copyright 2009 The author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
Developing Statistics text book using R language

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Administrations Statistics have a significant job in research. Accordingly, Managements Statistics should be dominated well by understudies. Administrations Statistics is learning dependent on ICT needed to develop it further and in light of perceptions tracked down that the PC as mindtools in measurements has not utilized. Utilizing applications is the ideal approach to see every measurable idea. One of the applications that can use is the R language. R is the free form that can assist with preparing information, present information in graphical structure, and examine reports. This investigation is expected to foster a coordinated administration insights coursebook with R language that can work on the adequacy of learning Managements Statistics. This investigation embraced the plan research technique—the coursebook created with the Plomp model and alluded to Tessmer's developmental assessment. The discoveries show that the coursebook is legitimate from the substance and builds viewpoints.