jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Novel metaphors in emotive talk

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to identify the novel metaphors that occur within the collocates of the Greek lexical units συναίσθημα ‘emotion’ and αίσθημα ‘feeling’ and examine their relevance in expressing subjects’ emotional experiences. The corpus-based qualitative and quantitative investigation makes implications regarding not only the distinction of novel and conventional metaphors, but also the different status of novel and creatively used metaphorical expressions and the relevance of the latter aspect in reflecting the communicative function of metaphor.
Anomalous Beckmann Reaction of 4‐Aryl‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline Oximes in Polyphosphoric Acid. Part 1. New Synthesis of 1‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐2,5,5‐trimethyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrido [2,3,4‐k,l]acridines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cofiniteness with respect to extension of Serre subcategories

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian ring, $\frak a$ be an ideal of $R$, $\mathcal{S}$ be an arbitrary Serre subcategory of $R$-modules satisfying the condition $C_{\frak a}$ and let $\mathcal{N}$ be the subcategory of finitely generated $R$-modules. In this paper, we define and study $\mathcal{NS}$-$\frak a$-cofinite modules with respect to the extension subcategory $\mathcal{NS}$ as an generalization of the classical notion, namely $\frak a$-cofinite modules. For the lower dimensions, we show that the classical results of $\frak a$-cofiniteness hold for the new notion.
Impact of childhood adversity on acute subjective effects of stimulant and opioid drugs: Evidence from placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background and Aims: Early-life adversities are known to alter drug reward processing in rodents. Despite the well-known link between early adversity and the risk of substance use disorder, few studies have measured how childhood adversity affects human drug reward. Here, we assessed the relationship between historical childhood adversities and responses to single doses of methamphetamine, d-amphetamine or buprenorphine in healthy participants. Methods: Using a secondary analysis approach, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity on drug effects from three randomised, placebo-controlled studies in which healthy volunteers received methamphetamine (20 mg oral; n = 35), d-amphetamine (20 mg oral; n = 54) or buprenorphine (0.2 mg sublingual; n = 35). Ratings of feeling effect, liking, disliking, feeling high and wanting more of the drug were collected 15–210 min post-administration, and heart rate changes were analysed using random-intercept mixed-effect models. The area under the curve from these and previous studies was calculated to visualise the relationship between childhood adversity severity and drug effects. Results: Greater childhood adversity was associated with reduced feel effects (significant three-way interactions b = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.12, −0.02], p = 0.009), like effects ( b = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.13, −0.00], p = 0.038) and feel high ( b = −0.06, 95% CI [−0.10, −0.01], p = 0.020) towards the stimulant drugs 90–180 min post-administration. Conclusions: Childhood adversity was not significantly associated with other subjective or heart rate responses to the drugs. Overall, participants with more childhood adversities reported dampened subjective responses to stimulant drugs, but not to buprenorphine. Future studies should examine the generalisability of these relationships, to identify the mechanisms underlying the link between childhood adversity and drug responsiveness.
0061 Associations Between Sleep, Adverse Childhood Experiences and High Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are independently associated with short sleep duration (SD) and an increased obesity risk that tracks into adulthood. Similarly, substantial research has demonstrated an association between deficient sleep and overweight/obesity in adolescents. Not known is how sleep duration and ACEs may interact in association with obesity risk in adolescents. This study explored ACEs as a moderator between sleep duration and obesity risk in a national sample of adolescents. Methods Using the National Survey of Children’s Health 2017-2018 dataset, we included adolescents (10-17 yrs) with available SD and Body Mass Index (BMI) data. Parents reported adolescent’s SD, and number of ACEs. We classified adolescents as overweight/obese if they had a BMI ≥85th percentile. Using a stepwise approach and accounting for complex survey design, logistic regression (STATA 16.0) estimated the interaction between SD and the number of ACEs in adolescents, controlling for selected covariates (i.e., demographics, social determinants, sleep regularity, exercise, and mental/physical health outcomes). Results In a sample of 26,013 adolescents (mean age=13.81, SD=2.29; 52% male, 70% White, Non-Hispanic), 27% were classified as overweight/obese, 47% had &gt;1 ACE, and 34% had SD &lt;8-10 hours/night. Accounting for covariates and ACEs, every hour increase in SD was associated with 6% decrease in the odds of overweight/obesity (OR=0.94, p=0.04). There was a significant interaction between SD and ACEs. Compared with having no ACEs, the association between longer sleep and lower odds of high BMI was weakened or even reversed if an adolescent experienced one ACE (OR=1.18, p=0.02) or two or more ACEs (OR=1.13, p=0.04). Conclusion Adolescence may be a critical period in the life course for the interaction between SD and ACEs on obesity risk. Increasing SD is a known intervention target to decrease obesity risk, yet in children experiencing one or more ACE, this protective role may be dampened. Our results suggest that sleep and cardiometabolic intervention efforts should target adolescents who may be living within risky childhood environments. Support (If Any) None.
Optical Properties of Canadian Biomass Burning Particles Over Europe Observed with Calipso and Ground-Based Lidar Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

\nA long-lasting biomass burning event affected Europe from 27 August to 3 September 2018. The biomass burning aerosol layers were observed with ground- and space-based lidars in heights ranged between 2-7 km (a.s.l.). The mean backscatter coefficient for the ground-based stations ranged between 0.29 and 1.51 Mm-1sr-1, while the CALIPSO retrieved values ranged between 0.43 and 1.83 Mm-1sr-1. Moreover, the mean Ångström exponent (AEb) values, relevant to backscatter, ranged from 0.83 to 1.04 for the aforementioned lidar stations. At the same time, the mean AEb values obtained from CALIPSO ranged between 0.17 and 1.89. The mean particle depolarization ratio ranged between 0.037 and 0.080.\n
Iqbal’s Ideology of Nationalism: A Quranic Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With regard to commonalities and unity, the communion of race, communion of home land and communion of languages are common. Islam abhors the differences of color, race, language and country, and bases its Ummah on the religious creed. The concept of oneness of Allah of the Muslims is cementing force for all Muslims and makes them dominant over all the nations of the world. No force of the World can sustain before it. The word "Nation" has been taken in broader sense of words. But in concept of nation, the word "Nation" has been called as Ummah of prophets. Islam has given the Muslims superiority to other nations. And it is distinction of Islam. Universality of Islam has been proved by Iqbal calling the entire Muslims universal and single nation.
Estimation of stock and recruitment curve of the Tsushima Warm Current stock of Japanese anchovy <i>Engraulis japonicus</i> incorporating the effect of capture of whitebait into the mortality process

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

加入年齢をシラス期終了後とし,シラス漁獲の影響を考慮したBeverton and Holt型再生産式を導いた。1977–2019年におけるカタクチイワシ対馬暖流系群のVPAの結果を用いて,未知パラメータを推定した。その結果,シラス期に漁獲がある場合とない場合の加入量を比較すると,シラス期の平均漁獲係数を用いて計算される加入量はシラスの漁獲がない場合の70%に減少することがわかった。
Alpaca polyclonal IgG antibodies protect against lethal Andes Virus infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hantaviruses remain a global health issue as the number of infections continues to rise from year to year. Andes virus (ANDV), a South American Hantavirus strain carried by the long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, causes over 200 infections each year in Argentina and Chile. The virus is transmitted through inhalation of infected rodent excreta, however numerous reports have confirmed person-to-person cases as well. ANDV is responsible for causing Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome and the lack of an approved therapeutic and/or vaccine is a problem as the fatality rate ranges from 30-50% between outbreaks. Recent animal studies have documented the potential of using antibodies as an effective treatment for Andes virus infections. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that neutralizing alpaca IgG antibodies produced through DNA vaccination will provide protection against lethal ANDV challenge within the Golden Syrian hamster model. This hypothesis was addressed by vaccinating alpacas and generating hyperimmune Andes virus-specific polyclonal IgG antibodies. Afterwards, these antibodies were evaluated in a bioavailability and protection study within the lethal Golden Syrian hamster model. Purified neutralizing polyclonal IgG alpaca antibodies were found to be 100% protective against lethal ANDV hamster infection when administered at days +1 and +3 post challenge. The success of this study provides promising proof of concept data that neutralizing alpaca PcIgG antibodies have the potential to be a highly effective and novel treatment for ANDV infections.
Hemophagocytic Syndrome Associated with Scrub Typhus: A Case Report from North East India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scrub typhus infection is an important aetiology of acute undifferentiated fever in south-east Asia and India. Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (haemophagocytic syndrome) is a potentially fatal hyper inflammatory syndrome that is characterized by histiocyte proliferation and haemophagocytosis. We describe a case of Haemphagocytic syndrome secondary to scrub typhus which presented with fever, rash, pancytopenia, epistaxis and haematuria who responded dramatically with respect to haematological parameters and clinically following prompt antimicrobial therapy. Scrub typhus with hemophagocytic syndrome can be complicated by multiorgan failure. Patients with scrub typhus usually have an excellent response to treatment; therefore, early diagnosis and prompt administration of antimicrobial therapy may prevent the development of serious complications.
Three‐Step Synthesis of Novel 2‐Aryl‐3‐benzamidobenzofurans: Regiospecific Reactions Catalyzed by Molybdate Sulfuric Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A solvent‐free and synthetic pathway to novel benzofuran derivatives, starting from oxidation of phenyl ketones to arylglyoxals in three steps was developed. The molybdate sulfuric acid catalyzed the reaction of arylglyoxals with benzamide and phenols to afford 2‐aryl‐3‐benzamidobenzofurans in high yield. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectral data. The present methodology offers several advantages such as non‐hazardous reaction condition, simple operation, and work‐up procedure.
<I>Bienertia sinuspersici</I> (Chenopodiaceae): A New Species from Southwest Asia and Discovery of a Third Terrestrial C<SUB>4</SUB> Plant Without Kranz Anatomy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Our studies on the enigmatic genus Bienertia (Chenopodiaceae), with its C4 photosynthesis and lack of Kranz anatomy, led us to the discovery of a second species of this previously-supposed monotypic genus. The new species is named Bienertia sinuspersici after its main range around the Persian Gulf countries and the northern side of the Gulf of Oman. Bienertia sinuspersici occurs in hot climates and is a vicariant of Bienertia cycloptera, which is found at higher latitudes and elevations in temperate and cold deserts of the region. Like Bienertia cycloptera, the new species has unique chlorenchyma cells with dimorphic chloroplasts and single cell C 4 photosynthesis. However, it differs anatomically by having mostly one to two layers of chlorenchyma cells, versus two to three layers in Bienertia cycloptera. Furthermore, the new species has longer cotyledon leaves, larger seeds, larger flowers, and larger chromosomes, and differs in a set of micro-morphological features. All of this supports our conclusion that this widely distributed, novel plant is an overlooked new species. Bienertia sinuspersici grows well in very hot climates, under conditions which most species can barely tolerate. Its wide distribution indicates that its novel C 4 photosynthesis may confer advantages for CO2 fixation in these habitats not found in C4 species having con- ventional Kranz anatomy.
Inverse orbital Hall effect and orbitronic terahertz emission observed in the materials with weak spin-orbit coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Orbital Hall effect, which originates from materials with weak spin-orbit coupling, has attracted considerable interest for spin-orbitronic applications. Here, we demonstrate the inverse effect of the orbital Hall effect and observe orbitronic terahertz emission in the Ti and Mn materials. Through spin-orbit transition in the ferromagnetic layer, the generated orbital current can be converted to charge current in the Ti and Mn layers via the inverse orbital Hall effect. Furthermore, the inserted W layer provides an additional conversion of the orbital-charge current in the Ti and Mn layers, significantly enhancing the orbitronic terahertz emission. Moreover, the orbitronic terahertz emission can be manipulated by cooperating with the inverse orbital Hall effect and the inverse spin Hall effect in the different sample configurations. Our results not only discover the physical mechanism of condensed matter physics but also pave the way for designing promising spin-orbitronic devices and terahertz emitters.
La palabra y el don como supuestos ontológico-éticos de la noción de persona en Romano Guardini

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article consists of two parts. The first focuses on the novelty of the concept of person, which was new to Greek thought. But the human person is connected to the world, to creation by God and to nothingness, notions also unknown to the Greeks. Guardini adopts them as the basis of his personalist ethics. In the second part, and following some suggestions from Guardini, we proceed to develop the thesis that the same philosophical assumptions of creation, which are the word and the gift, have an ethical relevance prior to the moral intentionality of actions.
Cyberbullying Among Chilean Students and the Protective Effects of Positive School Communities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that involves the use of technology to harm other students. Most researchers have examined individual-level characteristics, but the perception of school climate and school characteristics such as type, size, and level of vulnerabilities have not been considered using multilevel methods. Using a sample of 8,237 Chilean seventh graders from 1,322 schools we examined individual- and school-level predictors of cyberbullying perpetration. Cyberbullying perpetration was predicted by prior victimization, interpersonal relationships, and gender. We found an interaction effect between interpersonal relationships and teacher support for victims. Our findings support the notion that school policies and culture can play a vital role in the prevention of cyberbullying, supporting a protective resilience model.
Rationale and design of BERLIN VT study: a multicenter randomised trial comparing preventive versus deferred ablation of ventricular tachycardia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Catheter ablation (CA) has shown to effectively reduce the burden of ventricular tachycardia in patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). However, in patients with ICD implantation for secondary prevention of ventricular tachycardia (VT), the appropriate time point of CA and its effect on mortality and heart failure progression remains a matter of debate. Methods and analysis We present the design of the ongoing preventive a B lation of v E ntriculartachyca R dia in patients with myocardia L IN farction (BERLIN VT) study that aims to prospectively enrol 208 patients with a stable ischaemic cardiomyopathy, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% to 50% and documented ventricular tachycardia. Patients will be 1:1 randomised to undergo CA at the time of ICD implantation or CA after the third appropriate ICD shock for ventricular tachycardia. ICD implantation will be performed in all patients. The primary endpoint is defined as the time to first event comprising all-cause mortality and unplanned hospital admission for congestive heart failure or for symptomatic VT/ventricular fibrillation. The patients will be followed until study termination according to the event driven design. Completion of enrolment is expected for mid of 2019. Ethics and dissemination The study had been approved by the “Ethik-kommission der Landesärztekammer Hamburg” as well as the local institutional review boards for each of the participation sites. The results of the trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals Trial registration number NCT02501005 .
Modifications of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 in the presence and absence of Ca (II) ions. Loss of positive cooperativity in Ca (II) ion binding for the modified proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chemical modification of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 according to the procedure of D. J. Welsch and G. L. Nelsestuen (1988) [Biochemistry 27, 4946-4952 and ealier papers] provided a series of fragment 1 derivatives in which various nitrogen-containing side chains were N-acetylated and/or N-2,4,6-trinitrophenylated. In addition the des-[Ala-1,Asn-2]- and des-[Ala-1,Asn-2,Lys-3]-fragment 1 derivatives were prepared by limited enzymatic hydrolysis of fragment 1 using cathepsin C and plasmin, respectively. Quantitative studies on the Ca(II) binding of these proteins have been accomplished using 45Ca(II) equilibrium dialysis. Binding of these fragment 1 derivatives to phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine (PS/PC) vesicles (25:75) in the presence of Ca(II) ions has been studied using the light-scattering technique. Acylation of the 5 lysine residues of fragment 1 by the action of acetic anhydride (500-fold molar excess) in the presence of 75 mM Ca(II), pH 8.0, results in loss of positive cooperativity in Ca(II) binding (Scatchard plot) and an increase in the number of Ca(II) ions bound. The Ca(II)-dependent PS/PC binding of the acylated protein is reduced. Removal of 2 and 3 residues from the amino terminus likewise leads to loss of positive cooperativity in Ca(II) binding and reduced binding affinity to PS/PC vesicles. The important role of the amino-terminal 1-10 sequence is discussed. We conclude that positive cooperativity in Ca(II) binding is not a prerequisite for the Ca(II)-dependent binding of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 to PS/PC vesicles.
Creation and Participation: The Metaphysical Structure of the World-God Relation in Aquinas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term “participation” as I am are concerned with it in this thesis signifies the package of relations forming a structure of dependence between the manifold of inferior subjects and the higher source of their similitude or nature. Thomistic participation is most properly understood as the expression of the dependence relation of creatures to God, a relation exemplified by a metaphysical structure open to analysis by the thinker sufficiently trained in the general science of created being (metaphysics). Participation is the way in which created beings are related to God and receptive of divine causality—the most superior and most transcendental type of cause.\nThis study, in examining key sources and some principle texts of the Angelic Doctor, will bring to light his mature doctrine of participation as a synthesis operating on two mutually interpreting planes of thought: the philosophical, where he synthesizes the principle metaphysical concerns of Plato and Platonism (pagan Greek, Islamic, Jewish, and Christian sources) with the critical revision of Plato that is the achievement of Aristotle; the theological, where the Angelic Doctor grants a metaphysical certification to fundamental Christian commitments about God: his essential goodness, radical simplicity, and his ultimate and total causal power with respect to creatures.\nFor Aquinas, creation means that all but God is creature, and that the creaturely nature of the world definitively saturates the world and everything in it. By means of an analysis of the metaphysical structure of being and beings in terms of participation Aquinas arrives at a conception of a God who, as the first and supreme cause of the world, is both transcendent of it and immanent in it, such that the world is a manifold of created natures at once utterly under divine governance and free in their own order.
The importance of the bolus calculator use for improving glycemic control in patients on the insulin pump therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Bolus calculator is an advanced function of insulin pump (IP). The use of bolus calculator increases the accuracy of calculation of the proper meal or corrective dose of insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Aim of the Study: Compare the difference in the parameters of glycemic control (HbA1c, postprandial increase of blood glucose and number of hypoglycemic episodes per week) between the group of patients who use bolus calculator for <50% of the total daily boluses, and the group of patients who use bolus calculator for ≥50% of total daily boluses. Patients and Methods: This study included 36 patients aged over 18 years with T1D on IP therapy in the Republika of Srpska. All patients used IP for at least one year prior to participation in the study. Before the IP therapy was initiated, all the patients were trained for carbohydrate counting in course of flexible insulin therapy training (FIT). Professional software, CareLink Pro® Software (Medtronic Inc., Northridge, CA, USA) was used to download data from insulin pumps to a personal computer. The default frequency of bolus calculator use was ≥50% of total daily boluses. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in HbA1c (6.61 ± 1.10 vs. 0.84 ± 6:56, p = 0.896) or the number of hypoglycemic episodes (2.00 (1.00, 4.00) (1.0 - 6.0) vs 3.00 (2.00, 4:00) (1.0 - 5.0), p = 0.298) between the group of patients who used bolus calculator for <50% of the total daily boluses, and the group of patients who used bolus calculator for ≥50% of total daily boluses. Patients who used bolus calculator had significantly lower postprandial increase in blood glucose after breakfast. Conclusion: In order to maximize all the advantages of IP therapy, a regular reeducation of both patients and diabetologists about advanced IP functions is needed for improving the glycoregulation in T1DM.