jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiple Object Tracking Incorporating a Person Re-Identification Using Polynomial Cross Entropy Loss

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The demand for smart surveillance systems has been driven by the ubiquity of cameras in modern society. Among the crucial tasks in such systems, person re-identification (re-ID) and multiple object tracking (MOT) are paramount. Despite the common photographic challenges they share, these tasks serve distinct objectives, complicating their integration into a unified system. To be specific, most existing work lacks a comprehensive study on effectively integrating re-ID models with object trackers to achieve optimal MOT performance. A decrease in MOT performance may occur without proper calibration for the integration of both components despite using an enhanced re-ID model for the tracker. To address these issues, we propose a straightforward and effective solution that integrates an improved re-ID model into a MOT framework, the BoT-SORT tracker, ensuring enhanced MOT performance on the well-known benchmarks MOT17 and MOT20 with fewer parameters for tuning. Recognizing the sub-optimal performance of existing re-ID models with their original loss functions, we introduce a novel loss function that incorporates a polynomial cross-entropy component to enhance training efficiency on closed-world datasets. As a result, the re-ID model trained with the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on Market1501 and DukeMTMC datasets, and is subsequently applied to a BoT-SORT tracker with a post-processing re-ranking module for MOT. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 81.2% and 77.8% MOTA scores on MOT17 and MOT20 datasets, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art MOT methods.
Developmental dynamics: the new view from the life sciences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

James is an eleven-year-old boy who is tall for his age, has blond hair and blue eyes, loves to play baseball, and is the best right-handed pitcher on his little league team. James is easy going, popular among his classmates at school, and excels in math and science classes. What is the source of such traits as athletic ability, temperament, and intelligence? Why are some children outgoing and socially skilled, while others appear introverted and avoid unfamiliar social situations? Why do some children find puzzles of logic interesting and challenging, while others don’t seem interested or willing to apply themselves to such mental tasks?
Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the last quarter of the second millennium BC, the entire Levantine area was affected by a multifactorial crisis that led to the great empires imploding and the end of the city-states entities with the subsequent rearrangement of their whole administrative system. A recent study of the Southern Levantine region conducted during my Ph.D. has highlighted the advent of small village communities located in the area according to a dendritic pattern imposed mostly by the river’s network features. Starting from the observation of the settlement pattern this paper aims to explain how does the anthropic landscape change in the aftermath of the crisis and what the weight of the environmental component in the development of these communities was through both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sites, their distribution, and above all through a comparison of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age systems.
Current therapy and the development of therapeutic options for the treatment of diseases due to bacterial agents of potential biowarfare and bioterrorism.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An important part of biodefense is the optimization of current therapy and the development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of the diseases most likely encountered in the form of biological weapons. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of anthrax, plague, tularemia and botulinum toxin intoxication are reviewed. The strategies in development for the prevention of anthrax focus primarily on active and passive immunization against protective antigen, because of its central role as a toxin delivery module. Novel vaccine strategies for plague, tularemia and botulism are also reviewed.
Quantum phases in an optical lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the zero-temperature phase diagram of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice, using two different mean-field approaches. The phase diagram consists of various insulating phases and a superfluid phase. We explore the nature of the insulating phase by calculating both the quasiparticle and quasihole dispersion relation. We also determine the parameters of our single band Bose-Hubbard model in terms of the microscopic parameters of the atoms in the optical lattice.
The detection of thyroxine and related compounds on paper chromatograms by optical methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The ceric sulphate‐arsenious acid reagent has been applied to the detection of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on paper chromatograms. The sensitivities achieved were such as to suggest that this reagent might enable physiological concentrations of these substances to be detected. Preliminary experiments on the extraction of the iodine components of plasma are described.
Study of changes in the content of ascorbic acid at thermoradiation dried vegetables

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Intensification of the process carried out IR vacuum drying on the example of potatoes, carrots and onions, experimental by selecting one of the test methods pre-infrared, microwave and infrared-microwave treatments. The main attention is paid to the degree of preservation components of dried vegetables. The data on the study of the safety of vitamin C. Keywords: potatoes, carrots, onions, vitamin C, pre-treatment, drying, infrared drying. Introduction. One of the reliable methods of food preservation and to meet the growing demand for them is their drying.In world practice all ways: convection, freeze, dielec -tric, conductive, thermoradiation, drying vegetable raw materials with inherent advantages and disadvantages. The quality of the dried product and the economic per-formance of the industrial organization of drying de-pends largely on the duration of drying.Organization drying useful when used as a source of heat energy converters, which are available in a wide range in a variety of configurations. They are environ-mentally friendly, automatically adjustable, easy to pro-vide them security.IR rays are absorbed by the active moisture in the product, but not absorbed by the tissue product itself, so the removal of moisture can be accomplished at a tem-perature of 40–70
The structural and motivational role of the unique lip‐flip movement in the gelada (Theropithecus gelada) facial display repertoire

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Human language represents an extreme form of communicative complexity. Primate facial display complexity, which depends upon facial mobility, can be used as a model for the study of the evolution of communicative complexity. The gelada ( Theropithecus gelada ) is the only primate that can produce a lip‐flip eversion. This study investigates the role of the lip‐flip relative to the bared‐teeth display to understand its role in generating communicative complexity. Materials and methods We reviewed videos of gelada social interactions. We utilized the facial action coding system (FACS) to define structural component action units (AUs) of each display. We inferred display motivation from the behaviors of the display sender. Results The lip‐flip was used only in combination with the essential AUs of the bared‐teeth display, serving as an optional structural element added to produce a structural variant. Both the bared‐teeth display with and without a lip‐flip occurred most frequently with nonaggressive, submissive behaviors. The lip‐flip was more frequently preceded by approach than the bared‐teeth display, especially in males. The lip‐flip was also present in the majority of structurally blended facial displays though the motivation of the non‐lip‐flip parent display often dominated. Discussion The lip‐flip may potentially function as an indicator of benign intent after an approach or as an intensifying component of nonaggressive intent. Adaptations to increase facial mobility in geladas via facilitating the lip‐flip may promote increased communicative complexity through increased conspicuousness and motivational signaling specification or intensification.
Reinvigorating research on sustainability reporting in the construction industry: A systematic review and future research agenda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates sustainability reporting (SR) in the construction industry, which is vital to achieving sustainable development goals. Despite extensive research on sustainability practices, scant attention has been paid to SR, a crucial channel for communicating and managing sustainability performance. Aiming to advance SR research, this study systematically reviews 150 articles on the topic in 73 journals. The review reveals significant knowledge gaps and methodological limitations, highlighting the need for a more diversified theoretical lens for evaluating the complex nature of SR. The investigation identifies four study themes: assessment and indicators, determinants, strategic management, and outcomes of SR. The review offers a comprehensive analysis of the current literature and presents an integrated framework that encompasses sustainability attributes and reporting in the construction sector. The study's contributions include directions for future research and practical implications for managers and policymakers that can support the transition toward sustainable development in the construction industry.
Effect of magnetism of specimen on energy spectrum analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

With This paper studies the effect to the result of energy spectrum analysis by the magnetic specimen. The electron beam and the interaction between electronics and solid in magnetic field had been discussed, and the escape depth of two elements' characteristic X-ray had been calculated. From the above that the mechanism and principle of this specimen's energy spectrum analysis result of error had been confirmed, and coincides with the experimental result. The study result provides an important reference for the analysis worker.
Rate Responsive Dual Chamber Pacing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report about a new pacemaker, which simultaneously offers dual chamber pacing in DDD Mode and activity controlled rate response. The system also uses activity‐sensing to differentiate true sinus tachycardia from ectopic atrial activity or atrial fibrillation and therefore prevents pacemaker mediated arrhythmias. The clinical experience proves appropriate functioning of all technical aspects of the device. Preliminary noninvasive hemodynamic assessments confirm improvement in cardiacjunction with AV synchronous pacing mode and demonstrate the ouporiority of rate‐responsive dual chamber versus single ventricular pacing.
Automation of a PCB Reflow Oven for Industry 4.0

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rise of Industry 4.0, its pillars (which include Internet of Things, “Big Data”, data analytics, augmented reality, cybersecurity, etc.) have become unavoidable tendencies for the automated manufacturing industry. Equipment upgrade is required to match the new standards of digitally assisted automation. However, not all factories in the medium to small range (or independent manufacturers) can afford to upgrade their equipment. Therefore, the availability of affordable Industry 4.0 upgrades for now-outdated devices is necessary for manufacturers in the SME range (Small-Medium Enterprises) to stay relevant and profitable. More specifically, this work revolves around the automation of printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, which is one of the most popular and profitable areas involved in this movement; and within it, the large majority of manufacturing defects can be traced to the soldering or “reflow” stage. Manufacturing research must, thus, aim towards improving reflow ovens and, more specifically, aim to improve their autonomous capabilities and affordability. This work presents the design and results of a controlling interface utilizing a Raspberry Pi 4 as a coupling interface between an MQTT Broker (which monitors the overall system) and the oven itself (which is, intentionally, a sub-prime model which lacks native IoT support), resulting in successful, remote, network-based controlling and monitoring of the oven. Additionally, it documents the design and implementation of the network adaptations necessary for it to be considered a cybersecure IIoT Module and connect safely to the Production Cell’s Subnet. All of this to address the inclusion of specific Industry 4.0 needs such as autonomous functioning, data collection and cybersecurity in outdated manufacturing devices and help enrich the processes of SME PCB manufacturers.
PENGARUH FINANCING DEPOSITE RATIO (FDR), CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR), DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL (BOPO) TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) PADA BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI TAHUN 2013-2017

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Operational Cost of Operating Income (ROOP) to Bank Syariah Mandiri The sample in this research is obtained by purposive sampling The criteria of the banks collected in this study are the Financial Statements of the End of the Month of the Month (March, June, September, and December) for the years 2013-2016 and the Final Financial Statements of the Quarterly Months (March, June, and September) for 2017 at Bank Syariah Independent. Result of t test show that CAR variable obtained by regression coefficient equal to -0,753 with significance value equal to 0,463 so that CAR have no effect to ROA. FDR obtained regression coefficient of 1,500 with a significance value of 0.154 so that FDR does not affect the ROA. BOPO obtained regression coefficient of -10.663 with a significance value of 0.000 so that significant effect on ROA. F test results show that CAR, FDR, and BOPO variables simultaneously affect the ROA is indicated with a significance value of less than 0.05 is 0.000. The result of RÂ² test shows that the predictive ability of four independent variables (CAR, FDR, BOPO, ROA) is 96.30%, while the rest of 3.70% is influenced by factors not examined in this research.Keywords:Â Financing Deposite Ratio (FDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) dan Return On Asset (ROA)Â
Studenti z území polsko-litevské unie na pražské univerzitě v 17.–18. století

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This contribution deals with young men from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Prague University. In the 17th and 18th century, approximately one hundred students from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, i.e., Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Royal Prussia, and the Duchy of Prussia (until 1657), had passed through its lecture halls and their names are recorded in the relevant sources (student registries, albums, and printed university documents). These young men were either of aristocratic (40%) or bourgeois (51%) origin. Within the intellectual context of Early Modern Europe, the Prague University was seen as one of the conservative and provincial establishments. Even so, it managed to attract Polish students by its tradition, its Catholic nature, geographic location (travelling to a nearby country was cheaper), but also lower costs of study and lower living expenses. These were the main considerations which led the young Poles to choose Prague academic environment as the place where they would receive their education. The Prague University was affordable even for poorer nobility and burghers, which formed the majority of Polish students in Prague.
Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (Kathon CG) Biocide: Second United States Multicenter Study of Human Skin Sensitization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This is the second United States multicenter study of human skin sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI). From January 1991 through March 1992 patients treated in 11 patch test clinics were patch tested to 100 ppm MCI/MI, formaldehyde 1% aqueous, quaternium-15 2% petrolatum, imidazolidinyl urea 2% petrolatum, and paraben mix 12% petrolatum. Results: Twenty-three of the 1,259 patch test patients (1.8%) had positive patch test reactions to MCI/MI. Thirteen of the 23 (56.5%) were thought to be relevant to the presenting dermatitis. The frequency of positive patch test reactions to the other allergens was quaternium-15, 7.2%; formaldehyde, 7.1%; imidazolidinyl urea, 2.2%; and paraben mix, 1.4%. Conclusion: Skin sensitization to MCI/MI has not changed significantly since the first United States multicenter study in 1988 to 1989. The rate of positive patch test responses to MCI/MI was comparable with that for parabens and imidazolidinyl urea and significantly less than for formaldehyde and quaternium-15.
The solvent venting injection technique in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A solvent venting technique for injection of volumes up to 1 μl on 50 μm i.d. SFC columns has been compared to direct injection methods. The peak broadening and peak splitting observed with direct injection have been examined and found to be related to the starting pressure, the column temperature, and the sample solvent, in addition to the sample volume. The solvent venting technique removed peak splitting and improved the column efficiency. With a proper selection of experimental conditions, the sample recovery was 100%. The major part of the solvent was eluted in 15–20 s. Several applications have been demonstrated.
Determinants of Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Adults in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Nepal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Elevated blood pressure is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this can be managed effectively with antihypertensive medications. However, nonadherence to prescribed medications and unhealthy lifestyle choices exacerbate cardiovascular complications and increase mortality. Aim & Objective: To identify the factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medications among the adult population. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur, Chitwan, among 238 patients who had been taking antihypertensive medicine for at least three months. Data were collected using structured interviews, and BP was measured using standardized equipment. Study sites and participants were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyse the collected data. Results: 47.1% of participants had elevated BP despite taking antihypertensive medication, and 32.8% nonadherence. Nonadherence was significantly associated with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. In 95% CI, those who did not consume fruits (p < 0.001) or green vegetables (p = 0.014) were less likely to adhere, avoiding extra salt were more likely to adhere (p < 0.001) and those not engaging in vigorous physical activity had lower odds of adherence ( p = 0.007). Conclusion: Dietary habits and physical activity were key determinants of nonadherence.
Variations in Response to Filariform Larvae of Ancylostoma caninum in the Skin of Man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reports on the reaction of the skin of man to penetration by filariform larvae of Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859) Hall, 1913, have been in conflict on several points, particularly with regard to the subsequent behavior and fate of the worms. White and Dove (1929) described a transient papular dermatitis, clearly distinct from the clinical appearance of burrows that follow penetration by larvae of Ancylostoma braziliense de Fairo, 1910. Heydon (1929) and Fiilleborn (1930), however, reported a more prolonged reaction, apparently produced by deep penetration and an ensuing aimless migration or creeping eruption of the parasites through the superficial tissues. These reports raised the following questions: (1) are there separate strains of A. caninum, possessing variable abilities to invade the skin of man? or (2) does the human subject vary constitutionally in his ability to arrest the invasion of a parasite which may be considered uniform within its species ? The following work, carried out with a single culture of A. caninum larvae, presents evidence which would answer the latter question in the affirmative.
How the Media Affect What People Think-and Think They Think

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Previous chapters assume that news slant significantly influences public opinion. This assumption clashes with the belief long dominant in the scholarly community: that news messages have “minimal consequences.” Many media scholars still endorse something close to this view. Other scholars think media influence is significant but confined to shaping the problems the public considers most important-their agendas. In some respects agenda research challenges the minimal consequences view, but the two approaches share a core postulate. Both assume the audience enjoys substantial autonomy.
Charitable Women And Their Pious Foundations In The Ottoman Empire: The Hospital of The Senior Mother,

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The understanding of mutual help and social solidarity underlies the institution of the wakf, pious foundation. This institution, with its social, economic, religious, legal and cultural contributions to human life, could maintain its existence from a distant past to the present. It has been satisfying a number of varied but crucial social functions. However, the wakf could embody its institutional identity as well as a robust legal framework under Islam more than any other religion. It became a well-established entity with its extensive functions penetrating almost in every realm of public life during Ottoman period. In the Orientalist literature built on the Ottoman society, accounts are presented either with distortion or with exaggeration especially when the subject is the woman. In much of the Orientalist literature especially the seraglio, harem, is put under the limelight, and the woman is represented as nothing more than a sexual object, who is not entitled to any rights in society, and whose life amounts to sitting at home and bearing children. Quite on the contrary, however, studies conducted on the basis of archival documents show that the woman used to enjoy an active role and status in Ottoman society. For example, it comes to our knowledge that there were many women, especially royal women, among the founders of numerous wakf institutions. The present essay is a case study depicting just one of such institutions established by Nurbanu Valide Sultan. The wakf by-law of the darussifa (hospital) to which Nurbanu Valide Sultan devoted a great deal of charity is elaborated in detail. The section on the hospital attached to the trust deed of Nurbanu