jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of urban morphology on dwellings carbon emissions at the district scale

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Seeking low-carbon development in residential buildings is very important. We aimed to explore the mechanism of the urban form on residential building carbon emissions at the urban block level. When Beijing was adopted as a case study, blocks were categorized into enclosed, radial, intensive, and axial types. Geographic information data of 30 typical residential districts were extracted via ArcGIS software.Through the integration of parametric modeling and performance analysis techniques, the embodied and operational carbon emissions of typical districts were calculated. We analyzed carbon emission differences from the perspective of spatial factors such as the plot ratio, building density, and average building height, as well as temporally. The results revealed that the carbon emissions of the enclosed blocks were the lowest, and the carbon emissions of the intensive blocks were the highest. The plot ratio and average building height were negatively correlated with operation and embodied carbon emissions, whereas building density was positively correlated with operation and embodied carbon emissions.
A129 CYP2C19 PHARMACOGENETIC TESTING IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS INFLUENCES DOSING OF PROTON-PUMP-INHIBITORS AND RESPONSE TO THERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can be treated with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the study of how variations in an individual’s genome influences drug response. Genetic variation in the metabolism gene CYP2C19 can produce differences in enzyme activity which is known to be a contributing factor for therapeutic failure with PPI treatment. Use of 2nd generation PPI (rabeprazole) can be beneficial in some as this PPI is less effected by CYP2C19 metabolism. PGx has been studied in PPI therapy for peptic ulcer disease but has not been demonstrated in patients with EoE. Aims To describe the CYP2C19 metabolism in patients with EoE on PPI and to estimate the clinical utility of PGx testing in directing subsequent changes in therapy with improvement in remission rates. Methods Interim analyses of a single centre, non-interventional, ongoing descriptive pilot study investigating CYP2C19 metabolism in patients with EoE, as part of a larger PGx pilot study and EoE- AHEAD Registry Study at SickKids. Patients with EoE that were newly diagnosed and started PPI or those not in remission on current non-PPI therapy or not in remission on dose PPI (2 mg/kg/day, max 30 mg lansoprazole BID) were included. Active disease was defined as a peak eosinophil count &gt;15/hpf. Results 37 patients met the inclusion criteria with completed PGx test; mean age was 13 years, 29(78%) were male, and 13(35%) had concurrent atopic disease. PGx testing showed that 12(32%) and 4(11%) were rapid (RM) and ultrarapid metabolizers (URM) respectively (Fig.1), which is significantly higher than the population average. Of this subgroup, 9 started rabeprazole, 3 had a lansoprazole dose increase, and 4 had no changes. Overall, changes in therapy based on PGx testing were made in 29(78%) patients, 8 are awaiting follow-up (Fig 2). Currently, the patients with available repeat biopsy results after PGx test-guided therapy changes is limited due COVID-19 related delays in endoscopies. Conclusions The preliminary findings of our study using PGx to guide PPI dosing in pediatric patients with EoE demonstrate that PGx test results lead to a change in clinical management in most patients. In RM and URM, PGx results trigger an adjustment of PPI dose or type could lead to earlier disease remission in PPI-responsive patients, thereby optimizing PPI efficacy. PGx may support dose reduction in poor metabolizers aiming to avoid long-term adverse events. Further correlation with endoscopy and histology findings of patients after PGx-guided therapy changes will follow. Furthermore, it is important to examine if CYP2C19 variant information available before PPI therapy further streamlines an initial phase of the treatment. Funding Agencies Dr. Marcon: J Garfield Campbell Fund, Dr. Hulst: Start-up Funds from the Department of Pediatrics at SickKids
On Evaluating Self-Adaptive and Self-Healing Systems using Chaos Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the growing adoption of self-adaptive systems in various domains, there is an increasing need for strategies to assess their correct behavior. In particular self-healing systems, which aim to provide resilience and fault-tolerance, often deal with unanticipated failures in critical and highly dynamic environments. Their reactive and complex behavior makes it challenging to assess if these systems execute according to the desired goals. Recently, several studies have expressed concern about the lack of systematic evaluation methods for self-healing behavior. In this paper, we propose CHESS, an approach for the systematic evaluation of self-adaptive and self-healing systems that builds on chaos engineering. Chaos engineering is a methodology for subjecting a system to unexpected conditions and scenarios. It has shown great promise in helping developers build resilient microservice architectures and cyber-physical systems. CHESS turns this idea around by using chaos engineering to evaluate how well a self-healing system can withstand such perturbations. We investigate the viability of this approach through an exploratory study on a self-healing smart office environment. The study helps us explore the promises and limitations of the approach, as well as identify directions where additional work is needed. We conclude with a summary of lessons learned.
TREATMENT BURDEN IN THE SKILLED NURSING POPULATION DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The pilot study aimed to measure treatment burden in older adults diagnosed with multiple chronic conditions transitioning from a skilled nursing facility to home. This population has significant variations in the health outcomes, such as high readmission rates, after discharge from the skilled nursing setting. Treatment burden is associated with ineffective self-management of chronic conditions, a major factor driving preventable 30-day readmissions in this population. We hypothesized this population experiences a high level of treatment burden. The study design was a prospective, two time-point, cohort design utilizing convenience sampling from one skilled nursing facility in Northeast, Ohio. Seventy-four men and women answered self-report questions measuring treatment burden at two time points: prior to discharge and 30-days after discharge. Analysis of study data demonstrated that the sample experienced a moderate level of treatment burden after discharge home (M= 37.01; SD= 24.45). T-test analysis determined treatment burden was not statistically different between time points (p>.05). Multivariate analysis (adjusted R2= .23, F(9,64)= 3.45, p =.002) explained 23% of treatment burden’s variance 30-days after transition home, with the severity of multiple chronic conditions (standardized beta coefficient= .33, p= .019) and the presence of a caregiver (standardized beta coefficient= -.34, p= .004) predicting treatment burden. Study findings were contrary to our hypothesis of this population being at risk for high treatment burden. Findings did indicate that pre-discharge screening for treatment burden in a skilled nursing facility may be beneficial to this population by identifying areas of self-management need before being discharged home.
Can the “brick wall” model present the same results in different coordinate representations?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By using the 't Hooft's "brick wall" model and the Pauli-Villars\nregularization scheme we calculate the statistical-mechanical entropies arising\nfrom the quantum scalar field in different coordinate settings, such as the\nPainlev\\'{e} and Lemaitre coordinates. At first glance, it seems that the\nentropies would be different from that in the standard Schwarzschild coordinate\nsince the metrics in both the Painlev\\'{e} and Lemaitre coordinates do not\npossess the singularity at the event horizon as that in the Schwarzschild-like\ncoordinate. However, after an exact calculation we find that, up to the\nsubleading correction, the statistical-mechanical entropies in these\ncoordinates are equivalent to that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate. The\nresult is not only valid for black holes and de Sitter spaces, but also for the\ncase that the quantum field exerts back reaction on the gravitational field\nprovided that the back reaction does not alter the symmetry of the spacetime.\n
Electromagnetic Propagation Tool (EPT): Comparison of Log Derived and in Situ oil Saturations in Shaly Fresh Water Sands

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT We have examined log and laboratory data on cores and/or sidewall samples from three Shell wells producing heavy crude oil from shaly sands containing fresh water of variable and unknown Rw. Using only downhole data from the EPT and a porosity tool we have derived oil saturations SOEPT and compared them with in situ saturations So inferred from laboratory and log data. Although the deviations of SOEPT from So exhibit a great deal of scatter, the results nevertheless demonstrate that one can identify the oil-bearing zones in this difficult log interpretation environment. The results are especially encouraging when one considers that values of SOEPT were obtained from a minimum log suite (specifically SP, EPT and density) without knowing the water resistivities, Rw, the cation exchange capacities, Qv, of the sands and without any other auxiliary data not obtainable from downhole logs. A detailed description of the EPT tool and its resultant log is given in order to provide the log analyst with a useful and self-contained reference for this new logging tool.
Fortifying pork liver mixture: preparation and physicochemical characteristics - Part 1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Micronutrient deficiency is a worldwide health problem, especially in developing countries. A survey conducted over the last decade has shown that approximately half of all Brazilian preschoolers have iron-deficiency anemia, representing a severe public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological attributes and especially the iron level of a fortifying mixture (FM) containing pork liver prepared in powder form. Centesimal composition, fatty acids, minerals and microbiological evaluation were determined. The results obtained showed that this is a product of good microbiological quality with a high protein (47.34%) and lipid (28.29%) content. Monounsaturated fatty acids represented 8.13% of the total fatty acids, the main one being oleic acid (C 18:1 ω9) at 7.57%, corresponding to 93.22% of the total monounsaturated fatty acids. Regarding mineral content (5.18%), the FM proved to be an important source of iron (23.8 mg/100 g), also containing expressive amounts of other minerals, zinc in particular (9.97 mg/100 g). The results showed that FM has characteristics that make it an excellent fortifying food to be used in school meals mainly in soups, creams, cooked meats and especially in beans, a preparation that is already part of the Brazilian food habits since childhood.
Systematic Review on the Impact of Various Types of Universal Basic Income on Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past two decades, a significant surge in interest in investigating mental disorders and challenges faced by low- and middle-income countries in the realm of mental health has been observed. Various types of universal basic income (UBI) programs have already demonstrated significant impacts on individuals’ mental health in high-income countries. Therefore, this review focuses on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. A literature review was conducted using seven electronic databases. Empirical studies of any design that implemented different types of UBI interventions in middle- and low-income countries and applied any type of mental health measures were searched for. After systematically reviewing 6822 articles, 13 empirical studies examining the relationship between various types of UBI interventions and different aspects of mental health in developing countries were identified. The collective findings of the studies suggest that UBI programs have significant positive effects on the mental health of individuals from developing countries, with the potential mediating role of unconditionality and payment frequency being noteworthy. However, these implications are limited due to the small number of studies conducted in this area and their methodological constraints. Further research with rigorous design is needed, particularly focusing on experimental control and length of follow-up periods.
Role of chromogenic assays in haemophilia A and B diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of factors VIII and IX have been primarily by one‐stage clotting assay ( OSA ) for many years. Chromogenic assays ( CSA ) have been available only in specialist laboratories and not for routine use. Significant differences, of more than 1.5‐fold in results between the 2 assay methods, have been described in Europe and Australia in approximately one‐third of patients with mild haemophilia A. In certain discrepant groups with restricted F8 gene mutations, the OSA results are more than 1.5‐fold higher than CSA and risk a missed or misleading diagnostic result. More recently, an assay discrepancy in haemophilia B has been reported. With the introduction of extended half‐life ( EHL ) FVIII and FIX products, it is likely most coagulation laboratories will need to evaluate at least one CSA and gain experience with this technique. The validation of CSA involves a careful appraisal of calibration curve linearity, limit of detection, precision, reference range, quality control material, sample analysis, method comparison and cost. This review will discuss the current status of FVIII and FIX CSA for the diagnosis of haemophilia A and B and describe approaches to implement CSA into the laboratory repertoire.
Navigating a Just Transition through the Climate Emergency: What Role for Finance and Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The global politics of the climate emergency entails complex choices concerning the distribution of costs and benefits between countries, within countries and across society. The distributional debate between countries is well-established at the international level after three decades of United Nations negotiations. At the domestic level, individual countries have had to make challenging choices as they consider transitioning to low carbon energy systems. While the distributional struggle within countries is less explicitly addressed at the international level, it is beginning to shape climate global politics as climate policy shifts from the environmental margins to the economic core of government decision-making. © Royal Irish Academy
CiVicinity events

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce the design of a location-sensitive calendar as part of an ongoing community portal project. CiVicinity's Events page supports the aggregation and presentation of activities and events throughout the community in one centralized location. The integration of location-aware features, including map visuals and distances based on a user's current location, enhances the locality of the online calendar. We support the design rationale of this calendar through a brief user evaluation study focusing on the benefits and additions of the location-sensitive features.
DEVS formalism as a framework for advanced distributed simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advanced distributed simulation (ADS) is an enabling concept to support the networked interaction of models and real-world elements resident at geographically dispersed sites planned for next-generation simulation environments such as the Joint Simulation System (JSIMS). In this paper, we review the DEVS (discrete event systems specification) formalism and indicate why it provides the right framework to address many of the difficult technical issues that must be solved to enable ADS to provide infrastructures for distributed simulation. Then we address two of these issues in detail. The first issue addressed is the use of filtering and predictive contracts to reduce the tremendous amounts of data and control messages that must be transmitted in simulations. The second part focuses on scheduling and synchronization mechanisms for the efficient parallel execution of such models.
Maternal Death from Obstetric

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obstetric hemorrhage remains the leading cause of maternal death in the United States, and 54% to 93% of these deaths may have been preventable. Leaders must honor the lives of women who die from obstetric hemorrhage by reviewing their deaths and sharing lessons learned. Shortening the current 3 to 7 year data gap will allow for timely initiation of quality improvement efforts. Designated leaders and researchers from the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses are ideally positioned to lead these quality initiatives.
Dynamics of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Patterns in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) Grown Under Elevated CO2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh; Fabaceae) is an important food legume crop of equatorial and semi-arid parts of the world. Our two years consecutive study on a short duration cultivar of pigeonpea (ICPL 15011) grown under enriched CO2 conditions (open top chambers; 550 μmolmol-1) showed significantly high net photosynthetic rates (A') and foliar carbohydrate content (36% and 43% respectively) which further manifested in dry biomass at harvest, with an increment of 29% over the ambient plants. Also, in vivo carboxylation efficiency was increased by 24.6% suggesting the absence of Rubisco limitation. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements, as indicated by Fv/Fm and Fv'/Fm' ratios, justified enhanced photosystem II efficiency. Mass and number of nodules exhibited prodigious accretion in elevated CO2 grown plants showing 58% increase in nodule mass ratio (NMR) which directly correlated with A'. Stem and root anatomy showed an increase in the number and diameter of xylem vessels in high CO2 grown plants. An increased phloem cross sectional area in high CO2 grown pigeonpea suggested better mobility of sugars from leaf to root and subsequently to a greater sink capacity in the form of root nodules. Ultrastructure of nodule revealed the distribution of bacterial colonies in the infected zone of nodule. Further, growth under high CO2 extended life cycle of Pigeonpea with delayed flowering and pod setting by nine days. The results demonstrated a developmental reprogramming in pigeonpea due to lack of photosynthetic acclimation and increased carbohydrate - nitrogen reserves which were associated with varied vegetative and reproductive growth patterns under elevated CO2. Our study clearly suggest that the predicted future elevated CO2 atmosphere favour pigeonpea to sequester more atmospheric CO2 and N2 resulting better economic yields under natural habitats.
Justice and Culture in the Perception of Compensation Fairness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

While compensation is a central component in the relationship between employees and employers, it is a relatively under-researched area within human resource management and industrial-organisational psychology. Instead, where much of the compensation research has occurred is within the disciplines of economics and finance, areas where agency theory dominates. This article explores the relationship between culture and compensation practices through the lens of organisational justice theory and contrasts the role of distributive justice with the more recent procedural and interactional justice theories. The article articulates how fairness perceptions are instrumental in determining which compensation practices fit different cultures. The consideration of individual perception is important as there is considerable variability within cultures and many organisations have to deal with increasingly multicultural workforces. A particular contribution of this paper is that it explicitly discusses justice perceptions as an explanatory variable of the relationship between culture and compensation practices, something that frequently has been omitted in prior scholarship. The article further explores the extent to which employee participation in compensation decisions may modify perceptions of fairness, and subsequently how this participation effect may be modified by culture.
[Interaction of plasminogen activator of urokinase type with human serum].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Effects of blood serum on u-PA (EC 3.4.21.31) fibrinolytic activity were studied. After incubation for one hour at 37 degrees of the enzyme with human blood serum (55-145 IU/ml of blood serum) the enzymatic activity was completely inhibited. At the same time, amido-lytic activity of u-PA, estimated with low molecular substance S2444 as a substrate, was maintained in presence of blood serum. Blood serum inhibitors did not exhibit the specific affinity to u-PA. Serine proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasmin) competed with u-PA at equimolar concentrations. These inhibitors were inactivated after blood serum preincubation with primary amines methylamine, ethylamine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine (0.1-10 mM). The u-PA-inhibitor complexes were not dissociated in presence of 2.5 mM sodium dodecylsulfate. Trypsin-albumin copolymer bound specifically the blood serum u-PA inhibitors and the fraction adsorbed was electrophoretically characterized as a protein with molecular mass of 185 kDa.
What If the Future Never Comes?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In Chapter 1, we have established the importance of adhering to ethical norms in research, especially when dealing with children both as research subjects and consumers, since we do not want them to be exploited. In this chapter and the next, we will shift gear to comprehend consumer perception on future anticipation. This is essential in order to develop a better understanding about customer's potential needs and wants in the future, thus enabling marketers to stay ahead of competitors. Specifically, this chapter will attempt to present the relationship between brand association and future anticipation to develop brand loyalty. Since future anticipation is a complex concept, this chapter will use adults as research subjects. However, the findings should still be relevant to comprehend children's future anticipation and develop brand loyalty in the long run as they grow up and get exposed to a lot of different advertorial messages.