jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing an Observation Tool to Measure Preschool Children’s Problem-Solving Skills

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), problem-solving skills are part of science and engineering practices for K–12 students in the United States. Evaluating these skills for the youngest learners is difficult due to the lack of established measures. This paper reports on our process of developing an observation instrument to measure preschool children’s learning and their application of problem-solving skills, namely, the steps of the engineering design process (EDP). The instrument, Engineering Preschool Children Observation Tool (EPCOT), was intended to evaluate the frequencies of problem-solving behaviors and use of EDP-related vocabulary by observing preschoolers engaged with the Seeds of STEM eight-unit curriculum in the classroom. In this paper, we describe the development process and revision of EPCOT, its current constructs, and present descriptive findings from using the tool in a pilot study with sixteen classrooms: eight intervention classrooms who received the entire curriculum, and eight comparison classrooms who received only the eighth unit of the curriculum (to enable comparison). We found that, out of 34 possible behaviors across the problem-solving process, children in all classrooms engaged in 31 unique problem-solving behaviors, suggesting that preschool children are indeed capable of meaningfully engaging in solving problems. We also observed a trend that children who were exposed to more of the curriculum (the intervention group) produced more novel vocabulary words than those in the comparison group, who tended to repeat vocabulary words. Since EPCOT was developed in alignment with state and national standards, we believe it has the potential to be used with other early childhood engineering/problem-solving curricula.
Exploring the Role of Digital Biomarkers and Artificial Intelligence in Precision Therapeutics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter discusses the roles of digital biomarkers and artificial intelligence in enhancing precision therapeutics, which is the adaptation of treatments to a person's biomarker patterns for improving an individual's health. Digital biomarkers are collected from wearable technology and other digital devices that record variations in physiological and behavioral indexes thus improving disease diagnosis and treatment. This AI augments these biomarkers' prognostic accuracy and unearths patterns within large datasets within clinical settings; a major change to individualized care. This chapter in the book describes passive and active data acquisition in actual clinical scenarios and offers a conceptual foundation for employing digital biomarkers and artificial intelligence in trials. It also examines diagnostic image analysis and more specifically, the use of MRI to monitor Parkinson's disease, and EEG in managing mental health.
Nanometallic fuels for transportation: a well-to-wheels analysis

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nanometallic iron and aluminium, along with hydrogen and electricity, are among the proposed alternatives to the petroleum-based fuels for future transportation. The advantages of the metallic fuels appear to be high volumetric energy densities and zero greenhouse gas emissions during the operation of the vehicle. However, nanometallic fuels do not exist in nature, and a well-to-wheel analysis of the fuel manufacture-utilization system is required to quantify the energy consumption and assess the true environmental impact of the proposed alternative. The three-component nanometallic fuel system consisting of a metal production process, a nanoparticle formulation process and the metal combustion process is analysed in this paper. The energy balance and the environmental impact are estimated for nanometallic iron and aluminium based systems. The sustainability of once-through systems that do not involve recycle of combustion products is questionable because of resource limitations. A viable system for satisfying the transportation fuel demands will involve the reduction and recycle of the combustion products. A comparison of these nanometallic fuels with gasoline and hydrogen indicates that nanometallic fuels are the least efficient, with primary energy consumption greater than 11 MJ km−1 compared to 0.625 MJ km−1 for gasoline and 8.6 MJ km−1 for hydrogen. The nanometallic fuels will also have the most severe impact of the three, with CO2-equivalent emissions of 13.44 billion tons year−1 for iron and 21.1 billion tons year−1 for aluminium as compared to approximately 0.8 billion tons year−1 for gasoline. These emissions from nanometallic fuels are at least an order-of-magnitude higher than those for gasoline and hydrogen. The results of the analysis emphasize the need for well-to-wheel assessment for determining the true impact of technologies proposed as replacements for the current technologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this work was to improve the quality parameters, functional properties, and sensory attributes of the fino bread using sprouted whole wheat flour (SWWF) at different levels, i.e., 3, 6, and 9%. Results demonstrated that SWWF has two-fold phenolic compounds and antioxidant ability compared to unsprouted wheat. The SWWF was found to be high in protein, minerals, and fat while low in carbohydrates compared to the control sample. Additionally, the microbial loads of SWWF were within processing-acceptable limits. Dough stability and rheological attributes of wheat with SWWF were evaluated to predict the texture of the final bread. There was a positive correlation between stability time and mixed dough and texture parameters of wheat bread with SWWF. The bread made using SWWF was high in protein content. The panelists accepted the bread up to 9% SWWF addition from a sensory perspective. The findings demonstrated that SWWF might be suggested for utilization as an enhancer, particularly up to 9% addition in the bread-making industry.
High accuracy multi-link synchronization in LTE: Applications in localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High accuracy multi-link timing estimation in synchronization is urgently demanded for LTE-based positioning services. However, measuring timing from multiple links in LTE has inter-cell interference problem since the transmitters share the same frequency band. State-of-the-art interference cancellation approaches have the error propagation problem at cell edges, where two links have similar power level. This paper analyzes the performance change of timing estimation after interference cancellation, and proposes a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator which jointly estimates the timing and power of multiple links, which is exploited in an innovative multi-link synchronization algorithm. The performance of the joint ML estimator is verified to outperform the independent estimator and the estimated timing is applied in positioning algorithm, which indicates accurate and robust performance in different geometric conditions.
Characterization of a Recurrent Clonal Type of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Major Outbreaks of Infection in Scotland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A particular recurrent clonal type of Escherichia coli O157 has been isolated from multiple clinical, veterinary, food, and environmental sources throughout Scotland since 1989. Significant genotypic variation was detected among isolates from distinct outbreaks, with the presence or absence of single fragments being sufficient to delineate outbreak groups within the clonal type.
High-dose versus low-dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Higher-dose regimens of oxytocin (4 mU per minute or more) were associated with a reduction in the length of labour and in caesarean section, and an increase in spontaneous vaginal birth. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend that high-dose regimens are advised routinely for women with delay in the first stage of labour. Further research should evaluate the effect of high-dose regimens of oxytocin for women delayed in labour and should include maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as the effects on women.
Metal-oxygen multiple bond lengths: a statistical study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal-oxygen multiple bond lengths: a statistical studyJames M. MayerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 22, 3899–3903Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00295a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00295a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2300Altmetric-Citations215LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The importance of 14-3-3 (YWHA) proteins in mammalian reproduction and fertility

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 14-3-3 (YWHA) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein family regulating important cellular processes including cell cycle. In this study, all seven mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms were identified in mouse eggs and ovarian follicular cells including oocytes, by Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry confirmed presence of all 14-3-3 isoforms in oocytes and eggs with characteristic similarities and differences in their distributions. Protein 14-3-3 eta was observed to accumulate and co-localize with alpha-tubulin at both meiosis I and II spindles during mouse oocyte maturation in vivo and in vitro. This protein was noted to interact directly with alpha-tubulin with an accumulation of the interactions at meiotic spindles, detected by in situ Proximity Ligation Assay. In a significant 76% of mouse oocytes microinjected with a morpholino oligonucleotide against 14-3-3 eta mRNA, meiotic spindles were deformed or absent with clumped chromosomes, no accumulation of 14-3-3 eta and no polar body formation. Control eggs showed normal, bipolar spindles with accumulation of 14-3-3 eta. Therefore, 14-3-3 eta is essential for normal meiotic spindle formation during mouse oocyte maturation, in part by interacting with alpha-tubulin to regulate the assembly of microtubules. The work helps to elucidate the roles of 14-3-3 proteins in mammalian oogenesis, reproductive development and fertility.
Carcinoma of bronchus presenting with Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

animals revealed renal changes similar to those already described for other acute infective diseases.4Human subjects and higher mammals vary more in their response to bacterial toxins than smaller experimental animals.Hence gross renal changes do not always occur in acute infections or severe endotoxaemia, although albuminuria with a few red cells is surely not uncommon.
THE LEADERSHIP OF TWO CHARACTERS IN TRANSFORMERS MOVIE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research studied the character of two leaders in Transformers movie. There are six movies of Transformers, but the writer only took four movies squeal as the object research is because the changed story and character in the fifth and the sixth movies. The subject of this research is Optimus and Megatron character. There are two objectives in this research, the first is the leadership of two leaders and the second is the character of two leaders. The writer used the leadership theory into three categories the first category is Dilts’ model of leadership, the second category is Davis’ form of leadership theory and the third category is Stogdill’s characteristic of leadership. Meanwhile to find the character of two leaders, the writer used Johnson’s indirect characterization theory that consists of five methods namely is speech, thoughts, effect to other characters, action and looks. This research is categorized as descriptive qualitative that consists to data in the form of words and sentences. The data are dialog of script in movie. The results of this study, the writer found the different leadership and character two leaders. The writer found their characters and leaderships by seeing the interaction between leader and follower in movies. Optimus Prime’s leadership categorizes in macro leadership, leadership positive form and all of leadership characteristic. Optimus characters defined as moral character. Meanwhile Megatron’s leadership categorizes in meta leadership, leadership negative form and all of leadership characteristic. Megatron characters defined as immoral character.
Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) in saliva of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and in persons at risk for AIDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Whole saliva samples collected from available people at risk in Boston for infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV), from late 1984 through early 1985, were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to viral proteins. Fourteen of 20 (70%) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and 14 of 15 (93%) AIDS- related complex (ARC) patients had salivary antibodies that reacted with the virus-encoded glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 of HTLV-III infected cells. All of the AIDS and ARC patients had serum antibodies to the same antigens. Of 20 sex partners of AIDS/ARC patients, nine (45%) showed anti-HTLV-III antibodies, and four of 18 (22%) healthy homosexual males also were positive for such antibodies. Serum and salivary antibody status were the same in these groups. A minority of those patients positive for salivary antibodies to env gene-encoded gp160 and gp120 also had salivary antibodies to gag gene-encoded proteins of 55,000, 24,000, and/or 17,000 daltons. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) class antibodies comprised the majority of the salivary antibody response. The spectrum of HTLV-III proteins detected by the salivary and serum antibodies was similar. The possibility that secretory IgA from the gut-associated lymphoid system may play a role to restrict salivary transmission of HTLV-III should be considered.
University choice factors: a case of two types of higher education in the third-largest island in the world

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most universities in Indonesia can be categorized as general higher education (GHE) and Islamic higher education (IHE). This study aimed to investigate and compare the factors influencing the selection of GHE and IHE on Kalimantan Island, the third-largest island in the world. This study used convenience sampling techniques to determine participants. There are 344 GHE students and 152 IHE students. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which was then distributed online and evaluated using independent sample t-test results to identify differences between GHE and IHE. This research found that reputation and quality are the most critical factors in selecting a college. When choosing a college, GHE students are more of a university’s reputation and quality focus. It means GHE students are more career-focused than IHE students. This study found that men prefer the scale and structure of the campus over women. Therefore, we did not find statistically significant differences between men and women in choosing a university. This study suggests that higher education, particularly IHE, should adapt university development to the labor market’s needs and student candidates’ needs.
Tolerance of Ambiguity and the Perception of UFOS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As some percipients of UFOs may misinterpret ambiguous yet conventional aerial phenomena, this research tested the hypothesis that percipients of UFOs would score significantly lower on tolerance of ambiguity than nonpercipients. 39 percipients and 43 nonpercipients completed a measure of tolerance of ambiguity and the findings supported the hypothesis. Confounding factors such as respondents' age and sex could not reasonably account for this finding. Results complement conventional explanations for some UFO sightings.
Observation of the Effects of Intensive Insulin Therapy and Ginseng Saponin Rg 1, Rb 1 Plus Insulin Intensive Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Observe the effects of intensive insulin therapy and ginseng saponin rg 1, rb 1 plus insulin intensive therapy. Methods 86 patients in hospital with type 2 diabetes were devided into 2 different groups at random called treatment group and control group. The patients in control group were given insulin intensive therapy while those in treatment group were given insulin intensive therapy plus dripping ginseng saponin rg 1, rb 1. Standard bread test and synchronous insulin release test and C peptide release test were performed before and after the therapy previous to calculate the sensitivity to insulin and the function of islets. The lengths of therapy time were also observed. Results The whole sensitivity to insulin and function of islets before therapy are very notably higher than those after the therapy. There are no difference between the sensitivity, the HOMA and IRT index of islets function of patients in treatment and control group but the CRT index of islets function in the patients of treatment group is higher significantly than that in control group and the length of therapy time of treatment group is shorter than that of control. Conclusion Insulin intensive therapy plus dripping ginseng saponin rg 1, rb 1 can make the sensitivity in to insulin resume quickly and meliorate the function of pancreatic islets in patients with type 2 diabetes, short the period of patient in hospital.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Direct Metabolic Interrogation of Dihydrotestosterone Biosynthesis from Adrenal Precursors in Primary Prostatectomy Tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Figure S3. T serves as a co-substrate of 5α-reductase but does not considerably alter the kinetics of AD metabolism in primary prostate tissues under mixed substrate conditions.</p>
What Is Political Authority?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter considers early Confucian views on the nature, purposes, and justifications of authority. Rejecting an interpretation of Confucianism that treats authority as an ownership right to be possessed by the monarch or the people, the chapter proposes a Confucian perfectionist perspective that takes the well-being of the people and their willing acceptance of political rule as fundamental to the legitimacy of political authority. The Confucian perfectionist perspective makes two connections between authority and the good life. First, authority instrumentally serves the well-being of the people. Second, the constitutive mutual commitment of the governing and governed is an ethically valuable and satisfying relationship that contributes to the good life.
Gennaria diphylla Parlatore 1860

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. G. diphylla (Link) Pari., FI. Ital. 3: 405 (1860) (Orchiscordata Willd., O. diphylla (Link) Samp.). Stern 15-30 cm. Lower leaf 40-70 x 25-70 mm, the upper much smaller, both elliptical- to triangular-ovate, cordate at base. Flowers many, yellowish-green, shortly pedicellate, in a spike up to 10 cm. Perianth-segments convergent or slightly divergent, campanulate; outer oblong, obtuse, slightly concave; inner slightly larger, rhombic, obtuse. Labellum ovate-oblong, green; lobes linear- lanceolate, obtuse, the middle somewhat larger. Spur saccate, obtuse, slightly dorsally compressed. Shady places. S. & C. Portugal, S. W. Spain; N. Sardegna. Hs Lu Sa. (N. Africa; Madeira, Isias Canarias.)
Abstract QS13: Goldilocks Procedure With And Without Immediate Implant-based Breast Reconstruction In Obese Patients: The Mayo Clinic Enterprise System Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Obesity is a risk factor for surgical patients. Thus, implant-based breast reconstruction in obese women may be controversial. We conducted an analysis of obese patients with ptotic breasts who underwent the Goldilocks procedure and compared outcomes between two groups: immediate implant-based reconstruction (IBR) and no IBR. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval (Study No. 19-008324), we performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the three Mayo Clinic campuses from 2014 - 2019. Patients with BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 and ptotic breasts grade ≥ II who underwent skin-sparing Goldilocks procedure were included. Breasts with prior reduction/augmentation mammoplasty or prior mastectomy were excluded. Demographics, operative characteristics, outcomes and complications were assessed. Two groups were compared: Goldilocks with IBR vs. Goldilocks-only. Patient-reported outcomes using BREAST-Q questionnaire were assessed. Results: One-hundred-sixteen patients (198 breasts) were included. Mean age and BMI were 54.1 ± 10.4years and 37.9 ± 5.8kg/m2. Median follow-up time was 14.9 months (Q1-9.8, Q3-27.7). A total of 100 (50.5%) breasts underwent Goldilocks-only procedure, 92 (46.5%) underwent Goldilocks with two-stage IBR and 6 (3.0%) with one-stage IBR. In the Goldilocks-IBR group, 87 breasts underwent prepectoral and 10 subpectoral implant placement. Multivariate analyses showed increased risk of 6-months major complications (hematoma requiring drainage, unplanned reoperations, infection requiring drainage or IV antibiotics, skin-flap full-necrosis) in the Goldilocks-IBR group (OR 2.8, 1.3 - 6.2). When only severe obese patients (BMI≥35) were analyzed, Goldilocks-IBR was associated with an even higher risk of 6-months major complications (OR 4.8, 2.0-11.7) compared to Goldilocks-only. Median patient satisfaction was statistically higher in the IBR group than Goldilocks-only group (73% vs. 58%, p 0.02). No difference was found in physical, psychological and sexual well-being between groups. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction is an important option for women undergoing mastectomy. Goldilocks procedure is feasible, but when performed with IBR it is associated with higher rates of all complications. Despite these Goldilocks-IBR demonstrate higher satisfaction, in obese and particularly in severely obese women, Goldilocks-IBR is associated with higher rates of all complications; delayed reconstruction and consideration of other surgical reconstructive options should be considered due to the higher complication rate.