jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing children: Interests and personality.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The focus of this chapter is on assessing children in two key developmental areas salient to career development: interests and personality. Interests serve as a common assessment and intervention. Personality is also a key component when issues of occupational fit arise. We focus on how each of these areas is important with respect to development and more closely on how each needs to be assessed so as to provide accurate information. We also discuss how
Alexander Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alexander disease is a leukodystrophy that primarily affects children. Patients with Alexander disease are typically heterozygous for single base pairmutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. Mostmutations lead to amino acid substitutions, although a small number of deletions and insertions have been described. The signature histopathology of Alexander disease is the presence of enormous numbers of Rosenthal fibers in the setting of a lack of or loss of myelin. There are no specific biochemical abnormalities in patients with Alexander disease that can be used for diagnostic purposes, except the GFAP mutations. It is important to note that the genesis of Rosenthal fibers does not depend on the presence of a mutant form of GFAP. Manipulation of astrocyte glutamate transport represents one therapeutic opportunity arising from recent advances in understanding cellular defects in Alexander disease astrocytes.
Ordered unavoidable sub-structures in matchings and random matchings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An ordered matching of size $n$ is a graph on a linearly ordered vertex set $V$, $|V|=2n$, consisting of $n$ pairwise disjoint edges. There are three different ordered matchings of size two on $V=\{1,2,3,4\}$: an alignment $\{1,2\},\{3,4\}$, a nesting $\{1,4\},\{2,3\}$, and a crossing $\{1,3\},\{2,4\}$. Accordingly, there are three basic homogeneous types of ordered matchings (with all pairs of edges arranged in the same way) which we call, respectively, lines, stacks, and waves. We prove an Erdős-Szekeres type result guaranteeing in every ordered matching of size $n$ the presence of one of the three basic sub-structures of a given size. In particular, one of them must be of size at least $n^{1/3}$. We also investigate the size of each of the three sub-structures in a random ordered matching. Additionally, the former result is generalized to $3$-uniform ordered matchings. Another type of unavoidable patterns we study are twins, that is, pairs of order-isomorphic, disjoint sub-matchings. By relating to a similar problem for permutations, we prove that the maximum size of twins that occur in every ordered matching of size $n$ is $O\left(n^{2/3}\right)$ and $Ω\left(n^{3/5}\right)$. We conjecture that the upper bound is the correct order of magnitude and confirm it for almost all matchings. In fact, our results for twins are proved more generally for $r$-multiple twins, $r\ge2$.
Optimizing Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoid in Smilax Glabra Roxb. by Orthogonal Experiment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study optimizing extraction technology of total flavonoid in Smilax Glabra Roxb. Methods:Using orthogonal experiment,four factors-alcohol concentration、temperature、dosage and extraction times-are investigated,concentrations of total flavonoid was analysised by colorimetry,and astilbin was analysised by HPLC. Results:In the testing range,temperature and extraction times are the leading influencing factors,as there are remarkable difference between each level; alcohol concentration and dosage are subordinate factors. Conclusion:The best extraction technology is A2B3C1D2,the medical material should be extracted by 10 times(V/W) 60% alcohol twice in boiling water bath,the extraction efficiency is as high as 95.99%.
Differential expression of leukocyte common antigen in human fetal lymphoid organs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To investigate the differential expression of various types of leukocyte common antigen (LCA) isoforms during development, we analyzed human fetal lymphoid organs, including the thymus, liver, spleen, and bone marrow from 14 weeks to 29 weeks of gestational age by immunohistochemical and flow cytometric methods. In fetal thymus, over 90% of thymocytes throughout the entire fetal life expressed CD45RO and CD45RB, while CD45RA was expressed only in less than 5% of thymocytes. This expression pattern of LCA isoforms was established by a gestational age of 14 weeks or earlier, and persisted throughout the fetal period. The tissue distribution was different from each isoform; CD45RO-positive thymocytes were found in both the cortex and medulla at the 14th week with low intensity, but was localized in the cortex with increasing fetal age. CD45RB-positive thymocytes distributed mainly in the medulla from early gestational age. Among extrathymic lymphoid organs, a small portion of lymphoid cells expressing leukocyte common antigens appeared first in the liver at 10-12 weeks of gestational age and was followed by a small number in the spleen and bone marrow by 13-15 weeks. All lymphoid cells in these extrathymic lymphoid organs at this stage were CD19+ B cells. The number of these CD19+ cells increased abruptly during the early period of mid-gestational age. The pattern of tissue distribution of each LCA isoform in the fetal liver and spleen correlated well with the patterns of quantitative analysis by flow cytometry. In summary we found that different LCA isoforms expressed in cell-type-specific pattern and showed different tissue distribution during the period of fetal development, and that LCA was the earliest antigen expressed by lymphocytes in the thymus and extrathymic lymphoid organs in our series.
Solanum melongena L. VI041912

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Solanum melongena L.
Common name(s): Eggplant
Other names: TS00734, GPE035530
Conserved by: World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)
Local sample unique identifier: VI041912
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 1994-05-03
Other identifiers: n/a,TS00734
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
H. E. Winlock, Ed Dākhleh Oasis, Journal of a Camel Trip Made in 1908, with an appendix by Ludlow Bull (Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of Egyptian Art, vol. v). New York, 1936. Pp. xii + 82, with 37 plates. $3.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

H. E. Winlock, Ed Dākhleh Oasis, Journal of a Camel Trip Made in 1908, with an appendix by Ludlow Bull (Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of Egyptian Art, vol. v). New York, 1936. Pp. xii + 82, with 37 plates. $3.00. - Volume 26 Issue 1
Erratum: RNA Editing: A Mechanism for gRNA-Specified Uridylate Insertion into Precursor mRNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The two markers on the right side of the electrophoresis gel shown in figure 3B (p. 1190) of the Research Article "RNA editing: A mechanism for gRNA-specified uridylate insertion into precursor mRNA" by M. L. Kable et al. (30 Aug., p. 1189) were placed incorrectly during publication. The correct figure appears at right.[See figure in the PDF file]
Prediction of effective thermal conductivity of a porous capillary wick in a vapor chamber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a porous capillary wick in a vapor chamber is used as a research specimen and the influencing factors of effective thermal conductivity of the wick are theoretically analyzed. Based on the microstructure of the wick, which is randomly distributed with solid phase connection, three-dimensional diffusion limited aggregation models are reconstructed in this paper. The thermal conductivity of the gas in the confined space is calculated and the heat transfer characteristics under steady-state heat conduction are studied using numerical simulation. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the gas in the confined space is much lower than that in the free space, which is only 0.00986 W/(m K) under the atmospheric pressure. Besides, the thermal conductivity of the solid phase is 0.9 times that of the bulk material. The influence of different parameters on the effective thermal conductivity of the porous media is analyzed. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity of the capillary wick decreases with the increase in porosity, and the smaller the particle diameter is, the more significant is the trend. When the particle diameter is 40 μm and porosity is 0.4, the effective thermal conductivity is 12.14 W/(m K), which is about three times the corresponding thermal conductivity (3.89 W/(m K)) when the porosity is 0.7. The particle diameter also has a significant effect on the thermal conductivity of the porous capillary wick. In the case of small porosity, the effective thermal conductivity decreases with the increase in particle diameter, while in the case of larger porosity, the trend is opposite. The effective thermal conductivity of the capillary wick with porosity of 0.5 has deviation of 12.1% from the experimental value, which shows good adaptability of the proposed model.
Synthesis and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship of Imidazotetrazine Prodrugs with Activity Independent of O6-Methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, DNA Mismatch Repair, and p53

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antitumor prodrug temozolomide is compromised by its dependence for activity on DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and the repair of the chemosensitive DNA lesion, O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG), by O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.1.63, MGMT). Tumor response is also dependent on wild-type p53. Novel 3-(2-anilinoethyl)-substituted imidazotetrazines are reported that have activity independent of MGMT, MMR, and p53. This is achieved through a switch of mechanism so that bioactivity derives from imidazotetrazine-generated arylaziridinium ions that principally modify guanine-N7 sites on DNA. Mono- and bifunctional analogues are reported, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study identified the p-tolyl-substituted bifunctional congener as optimized for potency, MGMT-independence, and MMR-independence. NCI60 data show the tumor cell response is distinct from other imidazotetrazines and DNA-guanine-N7 active agents such as nitrogen mustards and cisplatin. The new imidazotetrazine compounds are promising agents for further development, and their improved in vitro activity validates the principles on which they were designed.
Using Geospatial Techniques for Detection of Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes Due to Major Hydropower Projects in Upper Beas River Basin, District Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes have become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring changes. Urban expansion due to the development of hydroelectric power (HEP) projects has brought serious losses of agricultural land, vegetation and water bodies. The present study illustrates an integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS for detection of LULC change due to major hydropower projects in the upper Beas river basin. In the study area, land use is classified with the help of satellite remote sensing techniques along with the topo-sheets (base map), ground truth verification by GPS and satellite images of years 2004 and 2018 which were used to prepare accurate LULC maps. Temporal changes in land cover were also monitored and quantified the LULC in the two distinct major HEPs with different altitudinal locations varying from 1,300 to 2,800 m. The images of the study area were categorized into eight different classes, viz. built-up area, agricultural land, plantation, forest, shrubs, stream and open land. From the year 2004 to 2018, the built-up area along Allian Duhangan HEP near Manali (2,800 m) and along Parbati Stage-II HEP near Sainj (1,300 m) increased, respectively, by 0.1% and 0.2%. It is observed that the other land categories such as forest, plantation and shrubs have also increased about 5%, 0.75% and 1% in Parbati Stage-II and along the Allian Duhangan forest area (4%), plantation (3%) and shrubs (2%) are increased due to the Compensatory Afforestation Program by the state government of Himachal Pradesh. The area under other lands observed that the difference in agricultural area and open area was decreased due to the construction of dam site, powerhouse site, residential colonies, etc. in agriculture and open land in both the HEPs, i.e. 2.3% and 2.9% in Parbati Stage-II and 1.5% and 4.9% in Allian Duhangan, respectively. Finally, the study finds that land-use planning has a very important role in minimizing negative social and environmental effects, thus creating sustainability of the hydropower projects. It is also found that the land-use planning, stakeholders and their role, governance, policy, social structure, etc. are the basic requirements of land-use planning for sustainable development of hydropower projects.
Preoperative chemoradiation directed by primary site rebiopsy in stage III/IV squamous head and neck cancer is associated with high rate of local regional control, but is still plagued by long-term distant failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5549 Background:Long term outcome was reviewed of two concurrent preoperative chemoradiation protocol studies for high staged (III/IV) head and neck (H&N) squamous cancer conducted by Brown University Oncology Group (BrUOG). Methods: Two consecutive chemo radiation protocols were done with Paclitaxel (P) (high dose 60mg/M2 in 38 H&N 53 pts or low dose P 40mg/M2 in 25 pts-H&N 67) combined with carboplatin 1 AUC and radiation with mandatory biopsy of primary site at 45Gy. If the biopsy was pathologically negative, completion chemoradiation 67–70 Gy was given to the primary site with subsequent neck dissection if indicated, otherwise surgical resection was done of the primary and neck. Results: In the total group of 67 patients from head and neck protocol H&N 53 (Stg III/ IV, 12/26) and H&N 67 ( Stg. III/IV, 9/15) complete pathologic response at the primary site was 66% and 77% respectively (75% overall). Residual disease in neck was 32%. The overall survival of 63 evaluable pts (>60 mo. follow-up) was 54%. There was no survival difference in pts requiring primary sitel resection vs. pts treated by chemoradiation alone. The long-term failure was 15% local, 5% regional and 22% at distant site. (shortest observation 6 yrs H&N 53 and 4.5 yr H&N 67). Of 22 recurrences, 14 (64%) were distant, 22% local and 15% were regional. New primarys developed in 4 pts (lung 2, esophagus 2). Results: See table. Conclusions: Preoperative chemoradiation with Stage III/IV H&N cancer directed by staged primary site biopsy is associated with high rate of tumor control of primary site by chemoradiation alone in >75% of patients and salvage surgery in the remaining pts with equivalent long term survival (>54%). Distant failure continues to be the major challenge. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Physical activity heterogenously modulates NG2-glia population behavior, and is necessary for cognitive enhancement

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

NG2-glia is a macroglial population, which constitutes about 5-10% of the total cell population in the mammalian brain. These cells have “stem cell-like” features; for instance, they can proliferate and self-renew and they mostly differentiate into oligodendrocytes, a cell type are of great importance as they myelinate axons in the central nervous system, a process essential for the proper function of vertebrates’ nervous system. Although most myelination happens after birth and completed at a young age, it has been shown that it can also occur during adulthood in mammals. Adult myelination can be modulated by experience, but the exact mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Hence, it is thought that neuronal activity could stop the proliferation and promote the differentiation of NG2-glia, and in turn, newly generated oligodendrocytes could provide the new myelin. However, it is still unclear how neuronal activity could lead to changes in NG2-glia behavior in the adult mouse. In this doctoral thesis, I have used a voluntary physical activity (VPA) mouse model to study the effects of experience on NG2-glia, although other mechanism cannot be discarded. Indeed, our results showed an increase in the proliferation and differentiation of NG2-glia in the cerebral cortical grey matter but not in the corresponding white matter after VPA. We also observed that NG2-glia tend to differentiate with two different modalities, and one of them is preferred during VPA. Furthermore, I performed mass spectrometry of sorted NG2-glia to profile them after VPA, and found that the remaining, non-differentiated NG2-glia show less myelin-related proteins. Interestingly, the results of the proteome analysis correlate with the increase in the number of the GPR17+ subset of NG2-glia, which is characterized by its slow differentiation rate, and I observed that this population remains mostly unaffected by VPA. Finally, for the first time, I found that newly generated oligodendrocytes integrate into the circuitry of the cortex and this myelin remodeling contributes in cognitive enhancement induced by exercise.
An Observational Study on the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Neurological Disorders Treated With Anti-CD20 Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective

To assess adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in anti-CD20 treated individuals with mRNA vaccination.

Background

Anti-CD20 therapies attenuate humoral responses to vaccines. However, their effect on T cell responses is less clear. We examined B and T cell responses following COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune inflammatory neurologic diseases (AINDs, e.g., autoimmune encephalitis, stiff person syndrome, etc.).

Design/Methods

MS and AIND patients on anti-CD20 therapies were prospectively enrolled for longitudinal analysis of antibody and T cell responses after a 3rd COVID-19 vaccination. Serum antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the S1 spike protein (RBD-S1 IgG), neutralizing antibodies, and SARS-CoV-2 CD8 T cell responses, using activation-induced markers (AIM) and INF-γ release assays (EUROIMMUN, Germany), were measured at various time points including pre-vaccination, post initial vaccination series, and 4 and 12 weeks after 3rd dose.

Results

Thirty-four MS and AIND participants are enrolled. Results for these patients (mean age 52 years-old, 79% female, 21 Pfizer, 13 Moderna) demonstrated attenuated RBD IgG antibody responses. However, a robust CD8 T cell response was observed, following a two-dose series, compared to non-immunosuppressed, age-matched vaccinated controls or unvaccinated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.01). T cell response was sustained long-term (>12 weeks post 3rd dose) in all 11 anti-CD20 patients analyzed thus far. Collections are completed for all participants at 12 weeks and analysis to be completed by 05/15/22. Further analysis includes correlation of the INF- γ release assay compared to RBD-CD8 T cell response detected by AIM assay.

Conclusions

Results suggest that patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy generate a robust CD8 T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA after three doses but remain with attenuated humoral immune responses. Our observational study will provide important data to guide vaccine management in patients on or anticipating anti-CD20 therapy.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan, Reputasi Auditor Terhadap Opini Audit “Going Concern” Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Moderasi (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Bei Tahun 2019 – 2021)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to explore the correlation between financial performance, company size, and auditor reputation and going concern audit opinion. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method, where the population that met certain criteria was selected as the sample. The object of this research is going concern audit opinion which is influenced by the company's financial performance, company size and auditor reputation. The research population consisted of 204 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2019-2021 period. The research results show that the company's financial performance and auditor reputation have a negative influence on going concern audit opinion. Meanwhile, company size can significantly moderate the influence of financial performance variables on going concern audit opinion. This research confirms the application of agency theory in the context of the relationship between company size, financial performance, and auditor reputation and going concern audit opinion. Keywords: Going Concern; Company Financial Performance; Auditor Reputation; Company Size
Zn(II) ions co-secreted with insulin suppress inherent amyloidogenic properties of monomeric insulin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Insulin, a 51-residue peptide hormone, is an intrinsically amyloidogenic peptide, forming amyloid fibrils in vitro. In the secretory granules, insulin is densely packed together with Zn(II) into crystals of Zn2Insulin6 hexamer, which assures osmotic stability of vesicles and prevents fibrillation of the peptide. However, after release from the pancreatic β-cells, insulin dissociates into active monomers, which tend to fibrillize not only at acidic, but also at physiological, pH values. The effect of co-secreted Zn(II) ions on the fibrillation of monomeric insulin is unknown, however, it might prevent insulin fibrillation. We showed that Zn(II) inhibits fibrillation of monomeric insulin at physiological pH values by forming a soluble Zn(II)–insulin complex. The inhibitory effect of Zn(II) ions is very strong at pH 7.3 (IC50=3.5 μM), whereas at pH 5.5 it progressively weakens, pointing towards participation of the histidine residue(s) in complex formation. The results obtained indicate that Zn(II) ions might suppress fibrillation of insulin at its release sites and in circulation. It is hypothesized that misfolded oligomeric intermediates occurring in the insulin fibrillation pathway, especially in zinc-deficient conditions, might induce autoantibodies against insulin, which leads to β-cell damage and autoimmune Type 1 diabetes.