jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Clinical Parameters and Brain Structure in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients According to Onset Type: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<div><p>Background and purpose</p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing, phenotypically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly the motor neuron system. The present voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study investigated whether patterns of brain atrophy differ among sporadic ALS subtypes.</p><p>Material and methods</p><p>Sporadic ALS patients (n = 62) with normal cognition and age-matched healthy controls (n = 57) were included in the study. ALS patients were divided into limb- and bulbar-onset groups according to clinical manifestations at symptom onset (n = 48 and 14, respectively). Clinical measures were ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score, disease duration, and forced vital capacity (FVC). Patterns of brain atrophy between ALS subgroups were compared by VBM.</p><p>Results</p><p>In limb-onset ALS patients, atrophy was largely confined to the motor cortex and adjacent pre- and postcentral regions. However, in the bulbar-onset group, affected regions were more widespread and included these same areas but also extended to the bilateral frontotemporal and left superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, and multiple regression analysis revealed that their ALSFRS-R scores were associated with extensive loss of gray matter while FVC was related to atrophy in subcortical regions of the left superior temporal gyrus. In limb-onset ALS patients, disease duration was related to the degree of atrophy in the motor and adjacent areas.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Sporadic ALS subtypes show different patterns of brain atrophy. Neural networks related to limb and bulbar motor functions in each ALS subtype may underlie their distinct patterns of cerebral atrophy. That is, more extensive cortical and subcortical atrophy is correlated with greater ALSFRS-R severity and shorter disease duration in the bulbar-onset subtype and may explain the poor prognosis of these patients.</p></div>
Lecturers’ Teaching Competence and Nursing Students’ Engagement in the Use of On-Line Learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Nursing students' engagement is an enhancing strategy that helps them to remain within their education, and consequently the profession.Therefore, it is vital to work further as lecturers in nurturing teaching competence, to improve nursing students' skills to become highly engaged learners.Aim of the study: Assess lecturer' teaching competence and nursing students' engagement in the use of on-line learning.Subjects and Method: Research design: A descriptive, correlational design was utilized.Subjects: The nursing students recruited by proportionate stratified random sampling.This study included 943 nursing students from four academic years.Tools: Two tools were used for data collection: Teaching Competence Questionnaire and Nursing students' Engagement Questionnaire.Results: More than half of nursing student perceived lecturer' teaching competence as high especially for planning, result, and development, respectively.Also, more than half of them had high level of engagement.Conclusion: Lecturer' teaching competence affect nursing students' engagement where there was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between overall lecturers' teaching competence and overall nursing students' engagement.Recommendation: Periodic regular educational on-the-job training program needed for lecturers regarding the use of different teaching strategies, evidence-based teaching practices, educational technologies, on-line testing and multiple assessment designs.
321 Early Targeted Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extreme Preterm Babies Reduces Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> PDA is common among very low birth weight babies. There is however growing controversy regarding treatment and clinicians are uncertain to treat or not to treat a PDA. </sec><sec><st>Objective</st> To compare mortality and complications of prematurity in the following groups <l type="ord"><li> Effect of gestation; babies ≤ 28 weeks & 29–31 weeks </li><li> Early (< 72 hrs) treatment vs. later symptomatic treatment of a PDA </li><li> Treatment vs. no treatment of a significant PDA </li></l> </sec><sec><st>Methods</st> All babies born < 32 weeks gestation were included in this study. A total of 223 babies met the inclusion criteria from January 2009 to September 2011. Of these 22 were excluded from analysis due to incomplete data. SPSS version 17© was used for data analysis. </sec><sec><st>Results</st> <l type="ord"><li> Babies ≤ 28weeks compared to 29–31weeks gestation had significantly higher PDA (61&percnt;vs.23&percnt;; p<0.05), Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (40&percnt;vs.12&percnt;; p<0.05), duration of respiratory support (27days vs. 9days; p<0.05) and mortality (16&percnt;vs.0&percnt;; p<0.05) </li><li> Among babies with significant PDA, BPD was significantly reduced with early treatment of a PDA as compared to later symptomatic treatment (66.7&percnt;vs.82.3&percnt;; p<0.05) </li><li> There was significantly higher incidence of death among babies not treated for PDA as compared to those who received treatment (29&percnt; vs. 0&percnt;; p<0.001). </li></l> </sec><sec><st>Conclusion</st> <l type="ord"><li> Babies born ≤ 28 weeks have higher burden of PDA, mortality and complications of prematurity. </li><li> Treatment of PDA significantly reduces mortality. </li><li> Early treatment of PDA significantly reduces BPD compared to later treatment. </li></l> </sec>
Statina – touch interface engine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Human-computer interface (HCI) technologies have been moving away from buttons and pointing devices towards more intuitive options, most notably the touch screen. Current touch screen technologies are costly, especially for large screens since special screens are used. In the STATINA project, an affordable touch screen option is presented as shock sensors are used to transform ordinary surfaces into touch screens. In this project, an overall understanding of the project is gained, leading to an exploration on the distinction between finger and fingernail tap signals. Eight methods to distinguish between these two signals are explored, including analysis of the time-domain signals, frequency-domain signals (linear and in dB), cross-correlation, signal sparseness measure, Kullback-Leibler distance and counting the number of zero crossings (using the smoothed and non-smoothed time-domain signals). The results show that smoothed zero crossings is the best method to distinguish between the two types of signals, followed by using cross-correlation, the sparseness measure, and finally the KLID. The other methods explored did not give conclusive results. These results can be used to reject signals from finger taps, which would increase the system accuracy but decrease its sensitivity. Further study can also be made from these differences found, to find a way to increase the accuracy of the system towards finger taps.
Clonidine (Haemiton®) as a Reliable Stimulus of Growth Hormone Secretion in Patients with Short Stature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 14 patients with short stature aged 4-14 years the effect of clonidine has been investigated. A single oral dose of 0.15 mg/m2 surface area is followed by a marked increase of hGH concentration in blood with a peak value between 60 and 90 min after the administration of the drug. The hGH increase caused by clonidine was comparable to the rise during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In 5 patients both stimuli failed to increase hGH release. The test procedure is simple. It shows only minimum side effects and can therefore be especially recommended in outpatients.
NACRE Update and Extension Project

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

NACRE, the 'nuclear astrophysics compilation of reaction rates', has been widely utilized in stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis studies since its publication in 1999. We describe here the current status of a Konan-Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) joint project that aims at its update and extension. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.
Variability of Eastern North Atlantic Summertime Marine Boundary Layer Clouds and Aerosols Across Different Synoptic Regimes Identified with Multiple Conditions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study estimates the meteorological covariations of aerosol and marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud properties in the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) region, characterized by diverse synoptic conditions.Using a deep-learning-based clustering model with mid-level and surface daily meteorological data, we identify seven distinct synoptic regimes during the summer from 2016 to 2021.Our analysis, incorporating reanalysis data and satellite retrievals, shows that surface aerosols and MBL clouds exhibit clear regime-dependent characteristics, while lower tropospheric aerosols do not.This discrepancy likely arises synoptic regimes determined by daily large-scale conditions may overlook air mass histories that predominantly dictate lower tropospheric aerosol conditions.Focusing on three regimes dominated by northerly winds, we analyze the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) ENA observations on Graciosa Island in the Azores.In the subtropical anticyclone regime, fewer cumulus clouds and more single-layer stratocumulus clouds with light drizzles are observed, along with the highest cloud droplet number concentration (Nd), surface Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and surface aerosol levels.The post-trough regime features more broken or multi-layer stratocumulus clouds with slightly higher surface rain rate, and lower Nd and surface CCN levels.The weak trough regime is characterized by the deepest MBL clouds, primarily cumulus and broken stratocumulus clouds, with the strongest surface rain rate and the lowest Nd, surface CCN and surface aerosol levels, indicating strong wet scavenging.These findings highlight the importance of considering the covariation of cloud and aerosol properties driven by large-scale regimes when assessing aerosol indirect effects using observations.
Some more twisted Hilbert spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We provide three new examples of twisted Hilbert spaces by considering properties that are "close" to Hilbert. We denote them $Z(\mathcal J)$, $Z(\mathcal S^2)$ and $Z(\mathcal T_s^2)$. The first space is asymptotically Hilbertian but not weak Hilbert. On the opposite side, $Z(\mathcal S^2)$ and $Z(\mathcal T_s^2)$ are not asymptotically Hilbertian. Moreover, the space $Z(\mathcal T_s^2)$ is a HAPpy space and the technique to prove it gives a "twisted" version of a theorem of Johnson and Szankowski (Ann. of Math. 176:1987--2001, 2012). This is, we can construct a nontrivial twisted Hilbert space such that the isomorphism constant from its $n$-dimensional subspaces to $\ell_2^n$ grows to infinity as slowly as we wish when $n\to \infty$.
Rosacea: An Overview

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The National Rosacea Society (NRS) designates April as Rosacea Awareness Month to educate the public on the impact of the chronic and widespread facial disorder that is estimated to affect more than 16 million Americans1. The goal of Rosacea Awareness Month is to spread public education on this disease so that more people who may have rosacea seek medical help before it gets worse, and so those whose lives are affected can find greater public acceptance and understanding.1 Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that usually affects the face and fortunately there is a range of medical therapies that may effectively address each individual case2. Through habit, many patients may unknowingly continue with therapy that is not as effective as it could be, when there may be newer medications that achieve more successful results as well as therapy combinations that offer excellent synergistic effects.2
Additional file 2: of Discrimination of candidate subgenome-specific loci by linkage map construction with an S1 population of octoploid strawberry (Fragariaâ Ă â ananassa)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Expected segregation patterns of polymorphic loci in the S1 and F1 mapping populations in allo-octoploid species. A and B indicate bi-alleles while O indicates a null allele on the given locus. (XLSX 38 kb)
[A case of ex vivo renal artery reconstruction and autotransplantation for renal artery aneurysm].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 74-year male patient was admitted to our department with a left renal artery aneurysm (RAA). It was detected by a computed tomography (CT) scan while performing an examination for hypertension. The diameter of the aneurysm was 25 mm. There was no evidence of calcification. Selective left renal angiography and a 3-dimensional (3D)-CT image revealed a saccular renal aneurysm in the left main renal artery. Because of the risk of rupture, autotransplantation of the left kidney to the left iliac fossa was performed after resecting the aneurysm and reconstructing the left artery under bench surgery. Postoperative 3D-CT revealed no stenosis. This ex-vivo technique and autotransplantation into ipsilateral iliac fossa are both effective and safe for the treatment of RAA.
A case which contracted squamous cell carcinoma from bowenoid papulosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bowenoid papulosis is clinically characterized by multiple, brown-black papules and plaques, occurring primarily on the genitalia of young adults, almost all under the age 40. The histologic appearance of Bowenoid papulosis is squamous cell carcinoma in situ similar to Bowen's disease. There is a broad consensus in the literature that Bowenoid papulosis is induced by human papilomavirus.It has been documented that the lesions have a tendency toward spontaneous regression, however, the lesions herein reported developed into invasive squamous cell carcinoma.The patient was a 27-year-old woman who had been Bowenoid papulosis on genitalia and bottock since she had been 13. The lesions had been treated by conservative therapy. The lesions developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma on buttock and therefore radical surgical therapy including rectal resection had to be done. We detected human papilomavirus-16 from both brown-black papules of Bowenoid papulosis and hyperkeratotic reddish tumor of squamous cell carcinoma in the method of polymerase chain reaction. We must notice Bowenoid papulosis can develope invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
MAPLIN MANAGEMENT ASPECTS -- AUTOMATION AND PASSENGER SERVICE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Managing in the 80's a new airport like Maplin will present a different challenge from that which faced the first managers of existing airports. Both the size and the technological content will be different. Objectives and management styles must be carefully chosen and defined, and the airport manager must ensure that the whole airport system gives a high level of passenger service. To do this he must know what the passenger really wants, not what he thinks the passenger wants. It will be difficult to permit large numbers of individual, autonomous organizations to operate in parallel without adversely affecting the level of passenger service. A large degree of automation throughout the whole airport system will be necessary if the maximum planned capacity, approximately 125 million passengers per annum, is to be achieved.
Natural apoptosis during the blastogenetic cycle of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Colonies of the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri undergo regular generation changes during which adult zooids are progressively resorbed and replaced by growing buds. The generation change, or take-over, is characterized by massive cell death by apoptosis, changes in the expression of surface molecules by senescent cells of zooid tissues and recruitment of circulating phagocytes in zooid tissues which assure the complete clearing of the dying cells. The entire process lasts 24-36 h at 20 °C and has been subdivided, on the basis of the degree of contraction of old zooids, in four substages. It has an antero-posterior progression, at least in the digestive tube, as trace of apoptosis can be found in the epidermis, peribranchial epithelium, and heart in the late take-over, whereas they are easily found in the branchial basket after 2-4 h from the beginning of the generation change. During the take-over, massive recruitment of phagocytes, which ingest senescent cells, occurs: this suggests the release of diffusible chemoattracting factors by effete cells, able to attract phagocytes toward them. We are going to investigate the expression of genes related to apoptosis, such as IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) and HSP70 during the various phases of the colonial blastogenetic cycle.
Mental Health According to DISC Behavioral Types in Dental Hygiene Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: By identifying the relationship between mental health, DISC behavioral types, and stress in clinical practice among dental hygiene students, this study aimed to provide a reference base for developing a variety of tailored educational programs for mental health promotion. Methods: We conducted a survey using self-administered questionnaires distributed to dental hygiene students enrolled in three colleges located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province between February 19 and 29, 2024. Results: The subjects’mean mental health score was 66.27±36.04. A analysis of the correlation between mental health and each variable established that mental health had a significant negative correlation with behavior types, and a significant positive correlation with clinical practice stress. Factors affecting mental health were selected as significant variables, these variables explained 23% of the variance. Conclusions: To strengthen the mental health of dental hygiene students in today’s rapidly changing environment, a variety of tailored education programs need to be developed and applied by identifying emotional factors influencing students’mental health.
Small-Scale Serial Size Exclusion Chromatography (s3SEC) for High Sensitivity Top-Down Proteomics of Large Proteoforms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Top-down-mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has emerged as a premier technology to examine proteins at the proteoform level, enabling characterization of genetic mutations, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. However, significant challenges that remain in top-down proteomics include the analysis of large proteoforms and the sensitivity required to examine proteoforms from minimal amounts of sample. To address these challenges, we have developed a new method termed "

s

mall-

s

cale

s

erial

S

ize

E

xclusion

C

hromatography" (s3SEC), which incorporates a small-scale protein extraction (1 mg of tissue) and serial SEC without postfractionation sample handling, coupled with online high sensitivity capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem MS (RPLC-MS/MS) for analysis of large proteoforms. The s3SEC-RPLC-MS/MS method significantly enhanced the sensitivity and reduced the proteome complexity across the fractions, enabling the detection of high MW proteoforms previously undetected in one-dimensional (1D)-RPLC analysis. Importantly, we observed a drastic improvement in the signal intensity of high MW proteoforms in early fractions when using the s3SEC-RPLC method. Moreover, we demonstrate that this s3SEC-RPLC-MS/MS method also allows the analysis of lower MW proteoforms in subsequent fractions without significant alteration in proteoform abundance and equivalent or improved fragmentation efficiency to that of the 1D-RPLC approach. Although this study focuses on the use of cardiac tissue, the s3SEC-RPLC-MS/MS method could be broadly applicable to other systems with limited sample inputs.
534 Retrospective Study Comparing Acute Healing Outcomes of Two Epidermal Skin Substitutes in Paediatric Partial-Thickness Burns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Paediatric burns are a significant global health issue; partial thickness (PT) wounds from scalds are a common injury pattern. Skin substitutes, such as collagen based (CB) dressings, are frequently used in managing these cases. We conducted a novel comparative study analysing the acute healing outcomes of a CB dressing and a novel biosynthetic cellulose (BC) dressing in paediatric PT burns. Methods All paediatric patients (age &lt; 18) with PT burns that were managed with either the CB or the BC dressings over a four-year period at our paediatric burns centre were included. Data on adherence, infection, length of stay, complete healing time, acute follow-up time, and return to theatre were extracted and a statistical analysis performed. Results Of the 89 patients included, 28 received BC dressing and 61 received CB dressing. Mean Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) was 5.9% (range 1-15) and median age was 23 months (range 8-169). BC dressing had a higher adherence rate (85.7% vs 78.7%, P=0.767) and a lower infection rate (3.6% vs 16.4%, P=0.164) than CB dressing. These trends were preserved when superficial PT only and superficial and deep PT sub-groups were analysed. Healing and infection rates were unaffected by post-operative antibiotics in both groups (P=1 and P=0.803, respectively). Return to theatre for further surgery was required in 10.7% of the patients for BC and in 6.6% for CB dressing (P=0.507). Median time to complete healing was longer in BC (19.5 vs 16 days, P=0.279). BC dressing median hospitalisation length was 1 day compared to 2 days for CB dressing (P=0.706). Conclusions The findings demonstrate that acute healing outcomes with the BC dressing in paediatric PT burns are comparable to those with the CB dressing, establishing the BC dressing as a viable alternative given its advantages in cost and avoiding porcine components. However, further prospective studies are warranted to compare acute and long-term outcomes with these products. Applicability of Research to Practice The study will directly inform clinical decision making on the use of frequently applied epidermal skin substitutes when managing paediatric partial thickness burns.
Increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecules in biliary atresia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The expression of the inflammatory adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, was studied in six infants with biliary atresia using an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections. Controls consisted of five patients with various conditions including total parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis, choledochal cyst, viral hepatitis, metastatic carcinoma, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. None of the patients were in liver failure. Bile ducts from the control subjects did not express any of the inflammatory adhesion molecules on ductal epithelium. In marked contrast, all of the biliary atresia specimens demonstrated strong intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and occasional vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 staining on epithelial cell membranes of both intra- and extrahepatic ductal structures. Hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells including Kupffer cells showed a pattern of intense intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in all specimens with active inflammation that could not differentiate the biliary atresia cases from the control group. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 intensely stained the inflammatory cell infiltrate in the biliary atresia and inflamed control specimens. The strong expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on biliary ductal epithelium in patients with biliary atresia suggests a potential role for this adhesion molecule in the pathogenesis of this devastating neonatal hepatic disorder.