jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-term efficacy and safety of endotherapy for management of biliary anastamotic strictures following liver transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Biliary anastomotic strictures are among the commonest biliary complications following liver transplantation. Endoscopic therapy including balloon dilatation of stricture and maximal stent placement, is widely used as the preferred means of managing these patients.1 2 However, endoscopic therapy is not standardized and there is very limited prospective data to support the long-term efficacy of this approach. The aim of our study is to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of endotherapy in the management of biliary anastamotic strictures complicating liver transplantation. Methods This was a prospective observational study carried out at the liver transplantation unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, between June 2000 and September 2010. In June 2000, the liver transplant unit in Birminghamintroduced a new protocol for managing biliary anastamotic strictures complicating orthotopic liver transplantation. The new protocol entailed a sequence of clearly defined clearly defined endoscopic interventions including balloon dilatations and stent insertions at regular intervals. A total of 1414 adult patients underwent liver transplantation. 81 (6%) patients were diagnosed with biliary anastomotic strictures during this period. Results Endoscopic therapy was successful in 61% of patients referred with anastomotic strictures with a median intervention/stent free follow-up of 54 months. Patients required a median of 3 endoscopic procedures and two 24 F balloon dilatations to adequately treat the stricture. Three patients (3%) had recurrent stricture and two of these were successfully retreated with endotherapy. A total of 261 endoscopic procedures were undertaken and complications included mild to moderate pancreatitis (n = 9), Cholangitis (n = 4) and stent migration (n = 2). The rate of pancreatitis per endoscopic procedure was 3%. Severe pancreatitis or death were not reported. Twenty patients underwent biliary reconstruction. Conclusion We report one of the very few prospective studies looking at the long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic therapy in the management of anastamotic biliary strictures. Endoscopic balloon dilatation and stenting is a safe and efficacious means of treating biliary anastomotic strictures complicating liver transplantation.
Discussion on the Correlation Between Carbon Effect Calculation and Ecological Compensation Mechanism In Land Remediation Projects In Ecologically Fragile Areas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on land remediation projects in ecologically fragile areas, systematically constructing a carbon effect measurement system covering construction, land use structure changes, and farmland management and protection stages, and deeply exploring its inherent relationship with ecological compensation mechanisms. Through empirical research on a typical project area in the northwest Loess Plateau, quantifying the carbon effects at each stage, analyzing the existing problems of ecological compensation mechanisms, and proposing targeted optimization strategies including dynamic compensation and market mechanism introduction, the aim is to provide scientific basis and practical reference for improving the ecological benefits of land consolidation in ecologically fragile areas and perfecting ecological compensation policies.
The impact of resource self-help capability on user entrepreneurship performance—case study of knowledge payment project

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Based on the theoretical perspective of resources bootstrapping, this paper studies how resource-poor users innovate their resource acquisition ability in the initial stage of entrepreneurship, and discusses the internal relationship between user resource acquisition innovation ability and user entrepreneurship performance. And how independent entrepreneurial users can use resources to obtain the required resources and influence entrepreneurial performance under the embedded network platform. At the same time, taking the knowledge payment project of multiple network platforms as an example, the collected case information is coded and analyzed, and then an empirical research theoretical framework is established for the relationship between user resource acquisition innovation ability and entrepreneurial performance. The research suggests that resource-poor self-employed users can strengthen their resource acquisition ability through resource self-help to better affect the survival and growth performance of enterprises.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-(TRIMETHYLSILYL)ETHYL α-d-MANNOPYRANOSIDES REVISITED

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Glycosylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanol with various ethyl 1-thioglycosides, which were activated with N-iodosuccinimide and silver triflate, was studied. The starting thioglycosides, some prepared for the first time, were obtained conventionally from the corresponding α-1-acetates. When β-1-acetates were more readily available, these were converted to the α-anomers by anomerization, prior to the glycosylation. Using ethyl 1-thioglycosides as glycosyl donors, especially those bearing a pivaloyl or a nonparticipating group at O-2, the corresponding 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl α-d-mannopyranosides were obtained in excellent yields.
Forage Offer in a Silvopastoral System at the Northeast Region ofGuárico State, Venezuela

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out at the San Jose de Guaribe Municipality,
northeast of Guarico state, Venezuela, with the objective to
estimate the forage offer in a silvopastoral system during the dry and
rainy season of 2007. Three treatments were evaluated: Grazing on
Cynodon nlemfuensi , grazing with restricted access to forest for 5 h,
and grazing with open access to forest. Fifteen to thirty dual purpose
steers were used with a grazing pressure of 6 kg DM/100 kg LW. Animals
were assigned to paddocks of 0.5 and 2 ha. Dry matter offer for the
grazing grass only was 2,227 and 2,467 kg DM/ha for dry and rainy
season, respectively, while when forest was incorporated, offer
incremented to 10,800 and 5,926 kg DM/ha, for the same seasons. Also,
there was a season effect (P<0.01) with higher forge offer in the
dry season, as consequence of litter, foliage and fruits from forest
species. It is conclude that dry matter forage duplicates in the rainy
season, while in the dry season it is five times higher.
A RAPID AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING MORPHINE CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA BY GC/MS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To establish a rapid and sensitive method for detecting morphine concentration in plasma by GC/MS. Methods: The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed in this study with a combination use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and derivatisation reaction with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA). Nalorphine served as an internal standard. The ion m/z 414 and 440 was chosen as the qualifying ion for morphine and nalorphine, with the retention time by 5.3 min and 6.1 min, respectively. Results: The linear relationship was excellent within the range of 0.022 to 2.2 μg·ml -1(R 20.99, n=5), and the limit of detection was 1 ng·ml -1. The relative recovery rate of morphine was 91%-98%. Within day and day-to-day coefficient of variation were 2.4%-6.0% and 2.3%-7.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The method is accurate, sensitive and convenient for the measurement of morphine concentration in plasma.
Kierunki niepożądanych działań leków przeciwdepresyjnych w obrębie skóry i jej przydatków

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The side effects of many drug classes cover a wide range of skin reactions. One of the most commonly diagnosed diseases nowadays is depression also, antidepressants are widely used in other indications. Therefore, paying attention to the possible undesirable effects of this group of drugs is worth. In the practice of an occupational medicine physician, unfavorable manifestations of the drugs used in the area of the skin should be skillfully differentiated from occupational skin diseases. The aim of this article was to review the types of skin, hair and nail complications in patients treated with antidepressants. For this purpose, online databases were reviewed and case reports, research and review reports were analyzed. The characteristics of severe skin complications generated with antidepressants were presented, as well as case studies of their occurrence after starting the treatment. Complications of a lower severity were also reviewed. Examples of actions in the area of hair and nails were indicated. In the literature on the subject, there are
Physical Fitness, Grit, School Attendance, and Academic Performance among Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective . The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of grit as a construct representing perseverance to overcoming barriers and the total number of school absences to academic performance (AP) while controlling for sociodemographics, fitness (i.e., PACER), and Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods . Adolescents ( N = 397, SD = 1.85; 80.9% females; 77.1% Hispanic) from an urban, minority-majority city in the Southern United States completed the FitnessGram® assessment of physical fitness (e.g., aerobic capacity and Body Mass Index (BMI)) and the valid and reliable short grit survey. The schools provided sociodemographics, attendance, and AP data for the adolescents. Results . Adolescents with higher grit scores (rs=0.21, P < 0.001) and less total absences (rs=-0.35, P < 0.001) performed better on AP. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that grit and absences were associated with AP ( β = 0.13, P < 0.01 and β = −0.35, P < 0.001, resp.). Conclusions . Grit and a total number of absences are significant contributors to academic success, particularly among Hispanic adolescents. Further, grit and school attendance may serve as a better measure of protective factors over proximal health measures of cardiovascular health and BMI.
Canadian Expert Opinion on Breast Reconstruction Access: Strategies to Optimize Care during COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Breast reconstructive services are medically necessary, time-sensitive procedures with meaningful health-related quality of life benefits for breast cancer survivors. The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in unprecedented restrictions in surgical access, including access to breast reconstructive services. A national approach is needed to guide the strategic use of resources during times of fluctuating restrictions on surgical access due to COVID-19 demands on hospital capacity. Methods: A national team of experts were convened for critical review of healthcare needs and development of recommendations and strategies for patients seeking breast reconstruction during the pandemic. Following critical review of literature, expert discussion by teleconference meetings, and evidenced-based consensus, best practice recommendations were developed to guide national provision of breast reconstructive services. Results: Recommendations include strategic use of multidisciplinary teams for patient selection and triage with centralized coordinated use of alternate treatment plans during times of resource restrictions. With shared decision-making, patient-centered shifting and consolidation of resources facilitate efficient allocation. Targeted application of perioperative management strategies and surgical treatment plans maximize the provision of breast reconstructive services. Conclusions: A unified national approach to strategically reorganize healthcare delivery is feasible to uphold standards of patient-centered care for patients interested in breast reconstruction.
Cutaneous protothecosis in an AIDS patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Cutaneous protothecosis in an AIDS patient Get access S. Piyophirapong, S. Piyophirapong Departments of Clinical Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Linpiyawan, R. Linpiyawan Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Mahaisavariya, P. Mahaisavariya Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Muanprasat, C. Muanprasat Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Chaiprasert, A. Chaiprasert Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok 10700, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Suthipinittharm P. Suthipinittharm Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 4, 1 April 2002, Pages 713–715, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.47698.x Published: 01 April 2002
Investigation of the susceptibility of Candida species isolated from denture wearers to different antifungal antibiotics

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the the prevalence of in vitro resistance amongstCandida species isolated from the oral cavity of denture wearers. The in vitrosusceptibility of 156 Candida isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5- fluorocytosine, caspofungin and terbinafine was determined. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute’ (CLSI; formally National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) broth microdilution method was used and MIC50 and MIC90 determined. Candida albicans, the most frequently isolated strains, are sensitive to amphotericin (61%) and fluconazole (44%), frequently used agents in the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. A 100% susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine was observed among the 109 isolates of C. albicans. Among non C. albicans strains only 1 Candida kefyr strain was determined as susceptible dependent upon dose for 5-fluorocytosine. Among Candida glabrata, the second most common isolate, a 100% susceptibility to caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine were observed. Since the isolates are sensitive to Caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine, rarely used in the treatment of oral fungal infections, it is suggested that these antifungal agents be used as alternative medicine in the treatment of oral infections especially caused by strains resistant to amphotericin B and fluconazole. Key words: Candida species, antifungal, denture wearers.
Population Genetic of Anopheles Arabiensis Patton(Diptera: Culicidae) the Malaria Vector in the Republic of Sudan.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Anopheles arabiensis is a member of An. gambiae complex and a main malaria vector in Sudan. There is no sufficient An. arabiensis population genetic data available an understanding of vector population structure and genetics are important to the malaria vector control programs. The objective of this investigation is to study the population structure, gene flow and isolation by distance among An. arabiensis for developing control strategies Methods Mosquitoes were collected from six sites in Sudan using pyrethrum spray catch of indoor resting mosquitoes. Anopheline mosquitos were identified morphologically and based on species specific nucleotide sequences in the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers (IGS). Seven microsatellite loci published An. gambiae primers were used to amplify the DNA of An. arabiensis samples. Results PCR confirmed that An. arabiensis was the main malaria vector found in the six localities. Of the seven microsatellite loci utilized, six were found to be highly polymorphic across populations, with high allelic richness and heterozygosity with the remaining one being monomorphic. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were found in 21 out of 42 tests in the six populations due to heterozygotes deficiency. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed two gene pools, grouping samples into two population clusters; one includes four and the other includes two populations. The genetic distances between pairs of populations ranged from 0.06 to 0.24. Significant F ST was observed between all An. arabiensis populations . Kr population indicated high genetic differentiation (F ST ranged from 0.17 to 0.24). High gene flow (Nm= 1.6–8.2) was detected between clusters. There was evidence of a bottleneck event in the Hj population. No isolation by distance pattern was detected among populations. Conclusions This study revealed low levels of population differentiation with high gene flow among six An. arabiensis populations in Sudan.
Mechanism and Suppression of Excessive Decrease in Outside Diameter and Bending Phenomenon in Cold-Reduction of Steel Tube Diameter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical investigation by axi-symmetric finite element analysis (FEA) and an experimental investigation were carried out on the excessive decrease in the outside diameter of a tube and a bar that are cold-extruded through a die. The mechanism through which the excessive decrease in the outside diameter appears was made clear by FEA, and the discrepancy between the die diameter and the outside diameter of the extruded tube is quantitatively discussed. Throughout the course of this investigation, a peculiar phenomenon of bending was observed in the extruded tubes, and further investigation was carried out on the dominating parameter of this phenomenon. Eccentricity, i.e., the non-uniformity of the wall thickness in the cross section of the tube or the failure in realizing concentricity between the circles defining the outside and inside surfaces of the parent tube, is the parameter which most influenced the occurrence of the bending phenomenon. A new die design was proposed for the suppression of the bending phenomenon that occurred in the cold extrusion of a tube through a die. A numerical investigation by FEA and an experiment were carried out to determine the optimum die geometry for the suppression of the bending phenomenon.
Trend 2007 - 2013. Statistics Canada. CANSIM: Agriculture - Land Use and Environmental Practices | Country: Canada | Table: Fertilizer shipments to Canadian agriculture and export markets, by product type and fertilizer year | Variable: July to June, Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) 11-52-0 | Units: Metric tonnes x 1,000, 2007-2013. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 075-001-006.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Statistics Canada (2015). CANSIM: Agriculture - Land Use and Environmental Practices | Country: Canada | Table: Fertilizer shipments to Canadian agriculture and export markets, by product type and fertilizer year | Variable: July to June, Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) 11-52-0 | Units: Metric tonnes x 1,000, 2007-2013. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. [Data-file]. Dataset-ID: 075-001-006. Dataset: Presents statistics on land use, farm environmental initiatives, farm environmental practices, manure management, commercial fertilizer practices, pesticide application practices, and soil and water management practices in Canada and subnational geographies as available. Weekly monitoring of crop growth conditions based on analysis of satellite imagery is also available. CANSIM is Statistics Canada's key socioeconomic database. The datasets included here provide statistics on the Canadian population, and the nation’s resources, economy, society, and culture. In addition to conducting a Census every five years, approximately 350 active surveys are conducted on virtually all aspects of Canadian life. Statistics are provided for the nation as a whole, provinces, and other subnational geographies where available. Category: Agriculture and Food Source: Statistics Canada Established as Canada's central statistical office by the Statistics Act of 1985, Statistics Canada is required to "collect, compile, analyse, abstract and publish statistical information relating to the commercial, industrial, financial, social, economic and general activities and conditions of the people of Canada." Its main objectives are to provide statistical information and analysis about Canada’s economic and social structure and to promote sound statistical standards and practices. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ Subject: Land Use, Agriculture, Agricultural Production, Agricultural Land, Environmental Protection
Radio Art in Waves

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through descriptions of three of her sound pieces— The Logic of Waste (1989), Voices Lost and Calling (1990) and Highways to Virtuality (1991)—the author outlines some of the theoretical concepts and strategies that underlie her work, and the way they relate to both her compositional practise and her choice of aural material. Through this description, central concerns of her work—such as the impact of technology, the Western world-view and the status of sound in Western culture, ecology and militarism—are exemplified, and the importance of audio art as an appropriate medium for addressing these issues is highlighted.
Super Iterator A design pattern for Algorithm and Data structure collections

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Super Iterator pattern, like the standard Iterator pattern, traverses an unknown data structure without exposing that structure. With the standard Iterator pattern, clients must create a different iterator for each new structure, and the object returned must be of the specific type stored in the structure, even when they share a common super class. With the Super Iterator pattern, the object returned is of the common super class, and the iterator itself need not be altered when adding a new subtype with custom data structures. The client, however, must change two lines of code to load and instantiate the new subclass
Selective Sterol-Phospholipid Associations in Fluid Bilayers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The nearest-neighbor preferences of three exchangeable lipid monomers (two phospholipids that differ in length, A and B, and a derivative of cholesterol, C) have been quantified in the fluid bilayer state by use of the nearest-neighbor recognition method (Davidson, S. K. M.; Regen, S. L. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1269). Thus, an analysis of the equilibrium dimer distributions has shown that (i) the sterol favors both phospholipids as nearest neighbors relative to other sterol molecules, (ii) that this recognition is selective (i.e., the sterol favors the longer phospholipid as a nearest neighbor over the shorter one, especially when the sterol concentrations in the bilayer is high (e.g., 40 mol %), and (iii) the phospholipids, themselves, are unable to recognize each other. Taken together, these findings indicate that the probable mechanism by which cholesterol induces homoassociation of A and B in analogous bilayers is one in which the sterol "pulls" two or more of the longer phospholipid monomers (B) out of a "sea" of randomly mixed A and B. These findings also lend support for the notion of cholesterol-phospholipid complexation in fluid bilayers. The biological implications of these findings are briefly discussed.