jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comptonization model for the submillimeter background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (10) References (20) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A Comptonization Model for the Submillimeter Background Bartlett, James G. ; Silk, Joseph Abstract A new measurement of the submillimeter portion of the cosmic microwave background by Matsumoto et al. (1988) indicates that there may be a large excess of energy over that of a blackbody spectrum of temperature 2.74 K. Several models are presented with cosmological heat sources which produce Compton y-distortions large enough to fit the submillimeter background. The models adopt generic forms for these heat sources in terms of the expansion rate and the energy density of other forms of matter in the universe. A specific realization of the models in terms of a decaying vacuum is presented. Unique thermal histories are predicted in which the universe does not globally recombine. A rise in the spectrum at long wavelengths due to free-free emission of the hot intergalactic medium is predicted, and the accompanying mu-distortions are estimated. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: April 1990 DOI: 10.1086/168625 Bibcode: 1990ApJ...353..399B Keywords: Astronomical Models; Black Body Radiation; Compton Effect; Relic Radiation; Intergalactic Media; Spectrum Analysis; Submillimeter Waves; Astrophysics; COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION; RADIATION MECHANISMS full text sources ADS |
Fast-acting insulin aspart: a review of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and the clinical consequences

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is insulin aspart (IAsp) with two added excipients, L-arginine and niacinamide, to ensure formulation stability with accelerated initial absorption after subcutaneous administration compared with previously developed rapid-acting insulins. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of faster aspart have been characterised in clinical pharmacology trials with comparable overall methodology. In subjects with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes, the serum IAsp concentration-time and glucose-lowering effect profiles are left-shifted for faster aspart compared with IAsp. In addition, faster aspart provides earlier onset, doubling of initial exposure, and an up to 2.5-fold increase in initial glucose-lowering effect within 30 min of subcutaneous injection, as well as earlier offset of exposure and effect. Similar results have been shown using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The improved pharmacological properties of faster aspart versus IAsp are consistent across populations, i.e. in the elderly, children, adolescents and the Japanese. Thus, the faster aspart pharmacological characteristics more closely resemble the mealtime insulin secretion in healthy individuals, giving faster aspart the potential to further improve postprandial glucose control in subjects with diabetes. Indeed, change from baseline in 1-h postprandial glucose increment is in favour of faster aspart versus IAsp when used as basal-bolus or CSII treatment in phase III trials in subjects with T1D or T2D. This review summarises the currently published results from clinical pharmacology trials with faster aspart and discusses the potential clinical benefits of faster aspart compared with previous rapid-acting insulin products.
Water quality and the community: views, values and actions of ACT residents, 2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A survey was undertaken in mid-2015 of adults living in the ACT and the surrounding local government areas (LGAs) of Cooma-Monaro, Palerang, Queanbeyan and Yass (the ‘study region’). The objective of the study was to generate data to inform the design of strategies to improve water quality and to maintain and enhance the social benefits of waterways. The study was funded by the ACT Healthy Waterways Project and supported by organisations including the ACT and Region Catchment Management Coordination Group, the ACT government, Cooma-Monaro Shire Council, Icon Water, National Capital Authority, Palerang Council, Queanbeyan City Council, South East Local Land Services and Yass Valley Council. A quantitative survey of adult residents of the study region was used to collect data as there was a need to quantify what proportion of the population held different views and engaged in different activities relevant to managing water quality. The study region comprised the ACT and the LGAs of Cooma-Monaro, Palerang, Queanbeyan and Yass. The survey questions were designed using an eight-step process. Ethics approval for the survey was granted by the University of Canberra’s Human Research Ethics Committee (protocol number HREC 15-94). The survey was conducted online from July 16th to August 14th 2015. An online survey was chosen as the ACT has the highest rate of internet access in Australia, with 91% of all ACT residents having access to the internet in 2012-13, and an online survey offered greater accessibility to participants compared to phone or mail surveys. Survey participants were recruited using (i) a prize draw, with nine prizes worth a total of $5000 offered, and (ii) mailing a flyer to every household in the study region, including people living in all kinds of dwellings. The survey was also promoted via emails, a media release, newsletters and social media. In total, 4539 valid surveys were received from residents living within the study region. The survey responses were representative of gender, but undersampled those aged under 30 and oversampled those aged 55 to 74.
In vivo and in vitro effects of rifampicin and streptolydigin on transcription of Kluyveromyces lactis in the presence of nystatin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rifampicin and streptolydigin, if used in conjunction with nystatin, depress the growth of Kluyveromyces lactis. The incorporation of labeled leucine into protein is inhibited by nystatin whereas the incorporation of labeled uracil into RNA is inhibited by rifampicin in nystatin-treated cells. In order to study the mechanism of inhibition of RNA synthesis we purified by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography four forms of RNA polymerase from K.lactis cells. The general properties of these enyzmes are similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of other eukaryotic RNA polymerases. In particular, enzymes IA, IB and III are more active with poly[d(A-T)] template and Mn-2+ than with native or denatured calf thymus DNA. Enzyme II shows optimal activity with denatured calf thymus DNA and Mn2+. When challenged with native calf thymus DNA all enzymes prefer Mg-2+ as a divalent cation whereas with denatured calf thymus DNA all enzymes are more active with Mn-2+. Enzyme II is inhibited by lambda-amanitin but no enzyme is sensitive to rifampicin and streptolydigin. The inhibition of growth and uracil uptake observed when rifampicin is added to nystatin treated cells is probably not caused by a specific inhibition of transcription.
How Familiar Are Ninth-Graders with Climate Change and How Well Do Teachers Understand the Need for Comprehensive Discussion of the Issue of Climate Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Climate change is one of the key problems which humanity has already begun to face and which it will most certainly continue to face in the future. Due to the consequences of the changing climate and of climate change mitigation, changes will also be needed in many areas of human activity (economy, energy industry, politics etc.). Another important area is education. With the intention of pointing out the importance of teaching about climate change in compulsory education, a research study was conducted on the familiarization with the issue of climate change among ninth-graders, and a research study on the understanding of the need for a comprehensive discussion of the issue of climate change among primary school geography teachers in Slovenia. The leading hypothesis that pupils do not gain enough knowledge in geography lessons in primary school and that they are not informed enough about the issue of climate change was confirmed using a descriptive and causal non-experimental research method; this situation should be improved by supplementing the geography curriculum for primary school with a comprehensive discussion of the issue of climate change.
SCREENING LENGTH, DISPERSION RELATIONS AND QUARK POTENTIAL IN THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The screening length in a quark–gluon plasma, the dispersion relations of thermal gluon self-energy and the quark potential at high temperature are studied within the thermo field dynamics framework. By calculating the real and imaginary parts, of the gluon self-energy in one-loop order in thermo field dynamics, we obtain an expression for the screening length in a quark–gluon plasma and the dispersion relation between the real and imaginary parts. At high temperature, using photon exchange between electron-positron in a skeleton expansion and ladder approximation, the screened Coulomb potential and an expression for the screened quark potential is obtained.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of β-Lactoglobulin at Different Oil/Water Interfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Controlling and manipulating protein behavior at an interface is of immense relevance to a broad range of physicochemical and biological phenomena and technological processes. Although many experimental studies have contributed to rapid progress in the fundamental knowledge of protein behavior at interfaces, detailed molecular-level understanding of the mechanism of protein adsorption at an interface is still remarkably lacking. In this study, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were used to characterize the adsorption of β-lactoglobulin at two different oil/water (O/W) interfaces, where the oil was either the marginally hydrophilic octanol or the more hydrophilic triolein, and the results were compared to those of a previous study utilizing the hydrophobic oil decane. Both the approach to the surface and the mechanism of adsorption depend upon the hydrophilicity of the oil and the interfacial tension of the O/W interface, with the nature of the adsorption, the accompanying structural changes, and the energetic driving force differing markedly between the different oils. Intriguingly, the behavior of the protein resembles that predicted for a soft spherical particle at an O/W interface. The results are also in agreement with key experimental findings, particularly the observation that proteins undergo more conformational change upon adsorption to hydrophobic surfaces, flattening out to expose hydrophobic interior residues to the surface, and that a thicker layer of native-like adsorbed protein forms at hydrophilic surfaces, and reveal structural and mechanistic detail behind each mechanism of adsorption.
Image2_The Imprinted PARAFILM as a New Carrier Material for Dried Plasma Spots (DPSs) Utilizing Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) in Phospholipidomics.TIF

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

<p>The application of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and dried blood spot (DBS) sampling has been successfully implemented several times. However, the difficulty of combining DBS sampling with DESI-MS is still the carrier material used for the blood samples. In this study, a new, easily obtained, and cost-effective carrier substrate for dried plasma spot (DPS) sampling and DESI-MS analysis and its application in phospholipidomics studies was described. First, the effects of several carrier materials, including cellulose-based materials (31 ET paper and filter paper) and non-cellulose-based materials (PARAFILM and its shape-modified material, PTFE-printed glass slide and polyvinylidene fluoride film), were tested. Second, a method combining DPS sampling with DESI-MS for phospholipidomics analysis was established, and parameters affecting compound signal intensities, such as sample volume and sprayer solvent system, were optimized. In conclusion, the total signal intensity obtained from shape-modified PARAFILM was the strongest. The suitable plasma sample volume deposited on PARAFILM carriers was 5 μl, and acetonitrile (ACN) was recommended as the optimal spray solvent for phospholipid (PL) profiling. Repeatability (87.5% of compounds with CV < 30%) and stability for data acquisition (48 h) were confirmed. Finally, the developed method was applied in phospholipidomics analysis of schistosomiasis, and a distinguished classification between control mice and infected mice was observed by using multivariate pattern recognition analysis, confirming the practical application of this new carrier material for DPS sampling and DESI-MS analysis. Compared with a previously reported method, the rapid metabolomics screening approach based on the implementation of DPS sampling coupled with the DESI-MS instrument developed in this study has increased analyte sensitivity, which may promote its further application in clinical studies.</p>
Clinical outcome prediction after thrombectomy of proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions by the appearance of lenticulostriate arteries on magnetic resonance angiography: A retrospective analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Post-ischemic vasodynamic changes in infarcted brain parenchyma are common and range from hypo- to hyperperfusion. In the present study, appearance of the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) on postinterventional 3T time-of-flight (TOF)-MRA suggestive for altered post-stroke vasodynamics following thrombectomy was investigated. Patients who underwent thrombectomy for a proximal MCA occlusion and for whom postinterventional 3T TOF-MRA (median at day 3) was available, were included in this retrospective analysis (n=98). LSA appearance was categorized into presence (LSA-sign + ) or absence (LSA-sign − ) of vasodilatation in the ischemic hemisphere. Functional outcome was determined using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). LSA-sign + was observed in 64/98 patients. Hypertension (adjusted OR: 0.171, 95% CI: 0.046–0.645) and preinterventional IV rtPA (adjusted OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.088–0.798) were associated with absence of the LSA-sign + . In multivariate logistic regression, LSA-sign + was associated with substantial neurologic improvement (adjusted OR: 10.18, 95% CI: 2.69–38.57) and good functional outcome (discharge-mRS ≤ 2, adjusted OR: 7.127, 95% CI: 1.913–26.551 and day 90 mRS ≤ 2, adjusted OR: 3.786, 95% CI: 1.026–13.973) after correcting for relevant confounders. For all clinical endpoints, model fit improved when including the LSA-sign term (p<0.05). Asymmetrical dilatation of LSAs following successful thrombectomy indicates favorable neurologic and mid-term functional outcomes. This may indicate preserved cerebral blood flow regulatory mechanisms.
Traffic Signal Optimization Control in Five-road Intersection Based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The traffic signal control system plays a key role in the road network, and its control performance directly affects the traffic safety and delay time in the intersection. Traditional control in five-road intersection does not have the ability to adjust itself, which wastes green time. This paper adopts a method that use artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) to optimize dynamic-fuzzy neural network (D-FNN) to achieve multi-phase and variable phase sequence intelligent control in five-road intersection. Taking the reciprocal of average vehicle delay as the food concentration of AFSA, and the weights and thresholds of the dynamic-fuzzy neural network which need to be modified are used as the individual state of artificial fish. A set of optimal dynamic-fuzzy neural network parameters are obtained through iterating and updating. After doing simulation analyses in the case of different rates of vehicles arrival, the result shows that this method is better than the traditional control in automatically adjusting the signal cycle, and it reduces the average delay of vehicles for about 11%.
1H NMR metabolic profiling of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae: potential effects of temperature and diet composition during early developmental stages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Marine aquaculture offers a great source of protein for the increasing human population, and farming of, for example, Atlantic salmon is a global industry. Atlantic cod farming however, is an example of a promising industry where the potential is not yet realized. Research has revealed that a major bottleneck to successful farming of cod is poor quality of the larvae and juveniles. A large research program was designed to increase our understanding of how environmental factors such as temperature and nutrition affects cod larvae development. Data on larvae growth and development were used together with nuclear magnetic resonance. The NMR data indicated that the temperature influenced the metabolome of the larvae; differences were related to osmolytes such as betaine/TMAO, the amino acid taurine, and creatine and lactate which reflect muscle activity. The larvae were fed Artemia from stage 2, and this was probably reflected in a high taurine content of older larvae. Larvae fed with copepods in the nutrition experiment also displayed a high taurine content, together with higher creatine and betaine/TMAO content. Data on the cod larvae metabolome should be coupled to data on gene expression, in order to identify events which are regulated on the genetic level versus regulation resulting from temperature or nutrition during development, to fully understand how the environment affects larval development.
Ability difference of Beluntas Leaf (Pluchea indica L) ethanol extract and avocado leaf (Persea americana Mill) ethanol extract in Inhibiting caries-causing Streptococcus mutans Bacteria Growth

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<pre>Beluntas Leaf (<em>Pluchea indica L</em>) has been shown to have antibacterial activity against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>. The leaf of avocado (<em>Persea americana Mill</em>) that have same active substance with beluntas leaf expected to have antibacterial activity against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> so that the purpose of this research is to compare the ability of ethanol extract from avocado leaf and beluntas leaf in inhibiting the growth of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>. This research is experimental type, using completely randomized with posttest only control group design. Samples were pure isolates of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> ATCC 35668. The sample of 90 divided into four groups: beluntas leaf ethanol extract 25%, beluntas leaf ethanol extract 50%, avocado leaf ethanol extract 25%, avocado leaf ethanol extract 50% and two control groups. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed a significant inhibition differences between the control group and the treatment group with a value of p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05). The ability of 25% ethanol extract of beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica L) is equivalent to 50% ethanol extract of beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica L) and 50% ethanol extract of leaf of avocado (Persea americana Mill) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. It is recommended that further research conducted to test the mechanism of action of the active substances contained in beluntas and avocado leaf as an antibacterial and test MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) with an advanced test in determining the MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration). </pre>
An extended model to assess Jeffery–Hamel blood flow through arteries with iron-oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles and melting effects: Entropy optimization analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nanofluids are utilized in cancer therapy to boost therapeutic effectiveness and prevent adverse reactions. These nanoparticles are delivered to the cancerous tissues under the influence of radiation through the blood vessels. In the current study, the propagation of nanoparticles within the blood in a divergent/convergent vertical channel with flexible boundaries is elaborated computationally. The base fluid (Carreau fluid model) is speculated to be blood, whereas nanofluid is believed to be an iron oxide–blood mixture. Because of its shear thinning or shear thickening features, the Carreau fluid model more precisely depicts the rheological characteristics of blood. The arterial section is considered a convergent or divergent channel based on its topological configuration (non-uniform cross section). An iron oxide ( F e 2 O 3 {\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{3} ) nanoparticle is injected into the blood (base fluid). To eliminate the viscous effect in the region of the artery wall, a slip boundary condition is applied. An analysis of the transport phenomena is preferred using the melting heat transfer phenomena, which can work in melting plaques or fats at the vessel walls. The effects of thermal radiation, which is advantageous in cancer therapy, biomedical imaging, hyperthermia, and tumor therapy, are incorporated in heat transport mechanisms. The governing equation for the flow model with realistic boundary conditions is numerically tickled using the RK45 mechanism. The findings reveal that the flow dynamism and thermal behavior are significantly influenced by melting effects. Higher Re \mathrm{Re} can produce spots in which the track of the wall shear stress fluctuates. The melting effects can produce agitation and increase the flow through viscous head losses, causing melting of the blockage. The maximum heat transfer of 5 % 5 \% is achieved with We {\rm{We}} when the volume friction is kept at 1 % 1 \% . With higher estimation of inertial forces Re \mathrm{Re}\hspace{1em} and same volume friction, the skin drag coefficient augmented to 34 % 34 \% . The overall temperature is greater for the divergent flow scenario.
Bidirectional Transepithelial Water Transport: Chloride-Dependent Mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We hypothesized that inhibition and activation of basolateral to luminal chloride transport mechanisms were associated with respective decreases and increases in basolateral to luminal water fluxes. The luminal to basolateral (JW LφιB ) and basolateral to luminal (JW BφιL ) water fluxes across ovine tracheal epithelia were mea- sured simultaneously. The mean JW LφιB (6.5 ml/min/ cm 2 ) was larger than JW Bφι L (6.1 ml/min/cm 2 ). Furosemide reduced JW BφιL from 6.0 to 5.6 ml/min/cm 2 . Diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) reduced JW BφιL from 7.9 to 7.3 ml/min/cm 2 and reduced the membrane potential difference by 38%. Furosemide together with DPC decreased JW LφιB by 30% and JW BφιL by 15%. Nor- epinephrine increased J W BφιL from 4.9 to 6.0 ml/min/cm 2 . Neuropeptide Y in the presence of norepinephrine de- creased J W LφιB (6.4 to 5.2ml/min/cm 2 ) and returned JW BφιL to its baseline value. Vasopressin increased J W BφιL from 4.1 to 5.1 ml/min/cm 2 . Endothelin-1 in- duced a simultaneous increase in JW BφιL (7.0 to 7.7 ml/ min/cm 2 ) and decrease in J W LφιB (7.4 to 6.4 ml/min/cm 2 ); and decreased the membrane resistance. These data in- dicate that in tracheal epithelia under homeostatic con- ditions JW BφιL has a ~15% actively coupled component. Consistent with our hypothesis, inhibition and receptor- induced stimulation of chloride effluxes were associated with decreases and increases in JW BφιL , respectively. However, as inhibition of transcellular chloride transport always decreased JW LφιB more than JW BφιL , reducing transepithelial chloride transport did not result in less water being transported into the airway lumen.