jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In vitro effects of gossypol and lactic acid on rat uterus and ovary during implantation and antiimplantation.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ATPase activity of uterus and ovary was markedly elevated in presence of gossypol and decreased in presence of lactic acid indicating activation and inhibition of energy metabolism by gossypol and lactic acid respectively. The elevated levels of glycogen in uterus indicate inhibition of glycogenolysis as supported by phosphorylase activity. Whereas in ovary the glycogen depletion indicates activation of glycogenolysis supported by phosphorylase activity. The activity levels of aldolase and G-6-PDH decreased in the uterus in presence of gossypol and increased in presence of lactic acid. The same were elevated in ovary indicating the activation of hexose mono and diphosphate pathways. Lactic acid accumulated in presence of both gossypol and lactic acid with a depletion in level of pyruvic acid in both the tissues. This situation in the uterus indicates the condition of anti-implantation in presence of both gossypol and lactic acid. The NAD-LDH activity was inhibited in presence of gossypol and activated in presence of lactic acid in both tissues.
Leaf Structure ofPelargonium odoratissimum(Soland.), an Aromatic Species Widely Used in Herbal Remedies and Confectionery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dorsiventral, amphistomatic, hairy leaf of Pelargonium odoratissimum was lacking the variety of the anatomical features considered advantages for the Mediterranean plant life compared to the leaf of most Mediterranean xerophytes. Conversely, it had a well-equipped and intensely functioning secretory apparatus. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the leaf structure while histochemical reactions traced the nature of the secreted metabolites. The numerous trichomes of the leaf were very active in producing phenolics, terpenes, and flavonoids mixed in a fragrant essential oil accumulated in an ovoid chamber at the top of each secreting hair. In-vitro cell cultures may be used for the production of novel compounds from low-cost precursors.
Classification of CoCr-based magnetic thin films via GLCM texture features extracted from EFTEM images and machine learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features offer a powerful technique for image analysis in various fields, including medical diagnostics and material classification. This research investigates their efficacy in classifying CoCr-based magnetic thin films—Co84Cr16, Co80Cr16Pt4, Co80Cr16Ta4, and Co76Cr16Ta4Pt4—using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images. The raw EFTEM images were preprocessed to divide into variable quantities of equal segments (9, 18, or 36), leading to three distinct training and testing sets. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed, achieving accuracies exceeding 85%. Besides the accuracy metric, the ML models underwent a comprehensive evaluation using precision, recall, F1-score for each class, and 10-fold cross-validation. Furthermore, a comparative study between the LightGBM and ANN models was performed by conducting feature importance analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Notably, both ML models exhibit an accuracy of over 85%. Furthermore, the strategic segmentation of images into 18 equal pieces yielded 100% accuracy using the ANN model. The research delves into the nuanced dynamics surrounding the impact of training and testing set size on the model’s performance. Finally, the feature importance analysis via SHAP identifies pivotal contributors, accentuating the ANN model’s adeptness in leveraging a broader spectrum of features for pattern identification and underscoring the effectiveness of neural network-based models in navigating the intricate landscape of image classification tasks.
Cooperative Automation Supporting Pilot-Dispatch Negotiation of Enroute Trajectory Change Requests

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advent of advanced technologies in communication, navigation, and surveillance is enabling more integration between the aircraft and the ground systems in managing air traffic operations. As a result, automation has evolved to provide the flight crew, air traffic controllers, and traffic flow managers with capabilities for collaborating on information access, analysis, and decision making. In this paper, we investigate different cooperative schemes between these agents, supported by automation, in managing dynamic trajectory changes while the flight is en route to improve flight and system performance. The analysis was conducted using an abstract cognitive tasking framework to identify trajectory change tasks independently from the agent performing them. Cooperation schemes were then derived by assessing different levels of cooperation on each task between the air and ground agents and their automation. The assessment was based on which automation-supported agent is more capable of performing the task and the expected benefit mechanisms that result from cooperating. The cooperation schemes were compared based on a qualitative, but objective, assessment of the benefits expected from cooperation.
La cuestión de honor en las dos versiones de El alcalde de Zalamea

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The following article explores how the Golden Age dramatists, Félix Lope de Vega Carpio and Pedro Calderón de la Barca defined the term honor in their versions of El alcalde de Zalamea and how that definition differentiates from the medieval concept of the term. Both authors arrive at a new definition of honor through the comedies' protagonist Pedro Crespo and according to both authors, honor is no longer a quality that only the nobility can possess. The article concludes that it is through Pedro Crespo's judicial duties as mayor that Lope derives his new definition, while it is through the evolution of Pedro Crespo's character and the contrasts that Calderón establishes between Pedro Crespo and don Álvaro that Calderón arrives at his new definition of honor.
[Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation: a meta analysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation was systematically reviewed. By computerized and manual retrieval of clinical research literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation, the randomized control trials (RCTs) that met the inclusive criteria were collected. Cochrane systematic review method was used and Revmen 5.2 software was adopted to perform this Meta analysis. Totally 8 articles were included, involving 610 cases of post-stroke constipation. As a result, the total effective rate and cured rate of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation were significantly superior to those of the control group [total effective rate: OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.25, 3.54), Z = 2.78, P = 0.005; cured rate: OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.57, 3.58), Z = 4.10, P < 0.0001]. This result indicated that acupuncture was effective for post-stroke constipation and had some advantages compared with other therapies. But the quality of included RCTs was low, and high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCTs were needed to perform further verification.
Low power, constant-flow air pump systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A rugged, yet small and lightweight constant-flow air pump system has been designed. Flow control is achieved using a novel approach which is three times more power efficient than previous designs. The resultant savings in battery size and weight makes these pumps ideal for sampling air on balloon platforms. The pump package includes meteorological sensors and an onboard computer that stores time and sensor data and turns the constant-flow pump circuit on/off. Some applications of these systems are also presented in this report.
Synthesis and conformational study of imine- and hydrazone-based [2]catenanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cette thèse a été faite dans le but de répondre à une problématique liée à la formation et l'étude de nœuds et liens moléculaires. La majorité des nœuds et liens moléculaires synthétiques est basé sur la coordination autour de métaux et leur utilisation entant que Template. Une stratégie utilisant l'effet hydrophobe comme force motrice pour l'auto-assemblage de nœuds et liens moléculaires a été développée par notre groupe. Cette stratégie se base sur la formation de motifs composés d'une unité amphiphile chargée entourant une unité hydrophobe dans un milieu aqueux. La multiplication de cette brique de base et leur association réversible (liaisons imine et hydrazone) via des éléments de symétrie tels que des axes de symétrie Cn a permis l'obtention de différents nœuds et liens moléculaires : six [2]catenane ou hopf link, un nœud de trèfle et deux nœuds de Salomon. L'étude poussée de ces édifices moléculaires a permis la découverte d'une propriété de commutateur moléculaire de l'un des nœuds de Salomon SL2. Les propriétés thermodynamiques et cinétiques de cette transformation de conformation moléculaire ont été investiguées par résonance magnétique nucléaire et ont donné lieu aux conclusions suivantes : cette transformation est hautement coopérative et est générée par l'encapsulation de 4 molécules d'eau de manière simultanée. Pour finir, l'obtention de la structure cristalline de l'un des [2]catenane 5, a mis en évidence le caractère chiral de ce composé. L'utilisation d'un agent chiral (BINSA) a permis un déplacement d'équilibre par formation d'une paire diastéréomérique avec l'un des deux énantiomères et l'obtention d'un excès diastéréomérique de 85%. Une courte étude interactionnelle avec différents anions (nitrate, chromate, phosphate et sulfate) suggère une possible interaction sélective de 5 vis-à-vis de l'ion sulfate.
Computer-supported software development with BPsim products family - Integration of multiple approaches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper focuses on the actual problem of development of methods and tools for processes simulation and software engineering, that automate the whole process starting with the processes formalization, business processes and decision-making processes dynamic models development, carrying out simulation experiments with the models, bottlenecks analysis, process re-engineering and optimization, and finishing with software engineering, which includes database and software modules generation. During research many available CASE tools were studied, analyzed and searched for disadvantages. Particularly, most of the tools lacked structural and object-oriented approaches integration and design process intelligence, i.e. no interaction between various kinds of UML diagrams. Keeping in mind these factors and considering small performance on complicated systems analysis utilizing simulation modeling a multi-agent resource conversion processes based CASE tool was engineered.
Investigating the roots of the favourite-longshot bias: an analysis of decision making by supply- and demand-side agents in parallel betting markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper offers new insights into the behavioural origins of the 'favourite–longshot' bias — an established feature of betting markets, whereby longshots win less often than the subjective probabilities imply and favourites more often. A number of alternative explanations has been offered for this phenomenon but the main debate focuses on whether it is caused by the behaviour of those supplying betting markets (bookmakers) or of the demand-side agents in these markets (bettors) . This study analyses a new data source which offers detailed information for a large sample of recent UK horseraces on decision-making behaviour within the parimutuel and the parallel bookmaker-based betting markets. The results offer strong evidence for the existence of the 'favourite–longshot' bias in bookmaker-based markets, with a corresponding absence of such an effect in the parimutuel case. These results offer support for the view that the origins of the 'favourite–longshot' bias lie principally in the decisions of bookmakers rather than in the decisions of bettors. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ADVANCED TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING FENOPROFEN OINTMENT FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, Inflammatory autoimmune disease. That initially affect the small joints of patients, and progression occurs in large joints and ultimately to the eye, skin, heart, kidney, lungs. frequently when the bone and cartilage get destroyed then ligaments and tendons got weaken. The risk factors are age, gender, genetic and the environmental exposure (air pollutants, smocking cigarette smoking). In this disease mostly NSAID’s drugs are used for reducing the pain and inflammation. The fenoprofen is propionic acid derivative NSAID’s class of COX-1 selective and non-selective inhibitor and it come into II class of biopharmaceutical classification (BCS) which are poorly water soluble. The main purpose of this study to prepare a fenoprofen ointment for topical application to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Ointment is prepared by fusion method the preparation contains different excipients like gelling agent, surfactants, ointment bases. Ointment base is prepared by the melting of some ingredients are wool fat, cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffin, white soft paraffin, or yellow soft paraffin sun flower wax. Nature of ointment base selection is very important because it control the performance of formulation. The formulation was prepared and evaluated for its Physicochemical properties, stability study, spreadability, drug content, PH studies, viscosity of the ointment. The ointment base act as carrier or vehicle for the medication. All the prepared formulation were evaluated for its physicochemical parameter and all the results obtained were within the limits. As compared to the standard preparation as per IP, USP, the formulation.
Emergency Judgment: Carl Schmitt, John Locke, and the Paradox of Prerogative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Faced with an unsettling expansion of executive emergency power in the United States, scholars have turned to the thought of Carl Schmitt to shed light on constitutional liberalism. Yet the resources for responding to Schmitt can be found in the very tradition that he urges his readers to overcome. Locke recognized what many liberal thinkers since have been hesitant to admit. Fixed laws can help restrain prerogative to a certain extent but cannot transform the irrational and unpredictable nature of political life nor eliminate the discretionary power necessary to respond to it. Consequently, the most important and most effective restraint on executive discretionary power is not legal but political. Both the judgment of the executive and the judgment of the people are essential extralegal elements of the constitutional order.
Ileo-sigmoid knotting presented as a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and bowel ischemia: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ileosigmoid knotting causing intestinal obstruction is also known as double volvulus or compound volvulus. It is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. It involves the sigmoid and ileum causing closed-loop intestinal obstruction. The endoscopic decompression in ileosigmoid knotting may lead to perforation of intestine. We present a case of 80-year-old male patient who presented with ileosigmoid knotting at our surgical emergency setting.
Metaplan-based Development of Speaking Skills

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper is devoted to teaching language for specific profession-related purposes to engineering students and lecturers. The authors associate the teaching process with using the metaplan technique as the information basis of oral speech. The paper characterizes heterogeneous sign elements of a metaplan as material and ideal teaching media and reveals the mechanism of expanding compressed metaplan information. The mechanism is based on developing speaking skills in lexico-grammatical and semantic expansion of verbal information and intersemiotic translation of extralinguistic information into speech register. The authors have developed a set of exercises with due consideration of actual second-language speaking situations encountered by engineering specialists.
High‐gain observers and linear output regulation for hybrid exosystems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY We consider the hybrid output regulation problem for minimum phase linear systems with relative degree greater than one. In the hybrid output regulation problem, an exosystem provides a disturbance or tracking signal that must be matched via an internal model in order to asymptotically regulate the error. This hybrid exosystem is a linear system that experiences periodic jumps. In this context, we build upon previous works in hybrid output regulation by showing how high‐gain observers can successfully overcome the obstacle of high relative degree. In certain scenarios, they can also be used to stabilize the hybrid internal model dynamics through jumps. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<title>Monitoring of laser treatment of rat tumors using digital x-ray imaging technique</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An optically coupled CCD digital x-ray imaging system was used in monitoring laser immunotherapy treatment of a metastatic breast tumor in rats. The treatment modality involved an intratumor injection of photosensitizer and immunoadjuvant, followed by a noninvasive irradiation of an 805-nm diode laser using a multiple fiber delivery device designed to facilitate deep laser energy penetration. The high resolution digital x-ray imaging system acquired rat images following the intratumor injection of the photosensitizer and immunoadjuvant in an attempt to determine their distribution inside the tumor and in the surrounding normal tissue. The change of the transmitted x- ray signal due to photosensitizer/immunoadjuvant injection could be clearly differentiated using the x-ray images. Digital x-ray images of treated tumors were obtained during the laser treatment. The dynamic observation showed that the photothermal reaction in tumors by the combination of the in situ laser-absorbing dye and the laser energy caused a quick increase of x-ray signals, while the x-ray signals in the tissue without dye remained relatively unchanged during the treatment. The distribution of the injected drugs and the near-real-time x-ray signal change in tissue during laser treatment could be used to optimize the treatment parameters. Our results indicate that x-ray image guided laser treatment of deep tumors is highly feasible.
Conformational Polymorphism

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An unambiguous definition of conformational change and conformational polymorphism, as well as a quantitative basis for the likelihood of its appearance, is reviewed. Conformational adjustment and conformational change are different phenomena. Two polymorphs are conformational polymorphs only if their conformations are related by conformational change. Conformational change requires a change of gas-phase conformer and, hence, crossing of an energy barrier. Energy differences associated with conformational variations of small organic molecules in different polymorphs are usually small. Higher-energy conformations in crystals are rare but possible for molecules that are able to break an intramolecular interaction in favor of a strong intermolecular interaction and molecules that crystallize in special symmetry positions. Polymorphic molecules containing R-bonds that are prone to both change and adjust are likely to display a rich polymorphic landscape.
Coefficient Alpha and Composite Reliability With Interrelated Nonhomogeneous Items

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between Cronbach's coefficient alpha (a) and the reliability of a composite of a prespecified set of interrelated nonhomogeneous components is examined. It is shown that a can over- or underestimate scale reliability at the population level. The bias is expressed in terms of structural parameters and illustrated on simulated data. The relevance of substantive considerations about, and examination of, the latent structure of an item set prior to estimation of composite reliability using at is emphasized and demonstrated using a structural equation modeling approach.
Numerical Analysis for a Seawater Desalination System by Reverse Osmosis Utilizing the Static Pressure due to the Depth of the Sea.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

深海の高圧を利用する逆浸透法海水淡水化システムを開発するために, 管型逆浸透膜と丸棒の間に形成される幅の適度に狭い環状流路内で, 濃度差に基づいて誘起される層流自然対流場における速度, 濃度および圧力の軸方向変化を数値解析した.その結果から, 流路幅, 流路長さ, 懸垂深さ, 膜透過係数および海水の物性値を用い, 淡水透過流量を予測する無次元式を提出した。淡水透過流量は, 流路幅が減少するにつれ, しだいに増大して約1～2mmで最大となったのち, 急激に減少することから, 流路幅に最適値が存在することがわかった.
Significant Influence of Annealing Temperature and Thickness of Electrode on Energy Conversion Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: Effect of Catalyst

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) shows great promise as an alternative to conventional p-n junction solar cells due to their low fabrication cost and reasonably high efficiency. DSSC was assembled by using natural dye extracted from red amaranth (Amaranthus Gangeticus) as a sensitizer and different catalysts for counter electrode were applied for maximum energy conversion efficiency. Annealing temperature and thickness of electrode were also investigated and optimized. Catalyst, annealing temperature and thickness were optimized by the determination of cell performance considering photoelectrochemical output and measuring current and voltage; then calculating efficiency and other electrical parameters. The experimental results indicated that samples having 40 µm electrode thickness and prepared at 450 °C annealing temperature showed the best performance
Scabies: A comprehensive review and current perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. It is a common skin disease worldwide that occurs not only in the underprivileged sections of society but also in developed countries. In 2009, World Health Organization (WHO) recognized scabies as "neglected tropical disease (NTD)" or NTD thus emphasizing the need for community awareness and proper treatment strategies. This review attempts to summarize the varied clinical presentation of the disease and describes the advances in diagnosis and management including the ongoing search for novel agents to overcome the problems associated with conventional treatments. The literature research includes peer-reviewed articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till February 2020 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included.