jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Smith and Colles Distal Radius Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment of distal radial fractures following open reduction and fixation with an angle-stable plate in relation to the type of injury (flexion vs. extension fracture). Material and methods. A group of 25 patients with Colles fractures and 25 patients with Smith fractures treated surgically in the years 2012-2013 was analysed retrospectively. The results were evaluated using the quickDASH and Mayo Wrist Score. Radiographic follow-up assessments included radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt and articular step-off. Results. The mean Mayo Wrist Score was 72.8 points for Colles fractures and 68.3 points for Smith fractures. The mean quickDASH score was 18.2 points for Colles fractures and 20.5 points for Smith fractures. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The only significant difference in the radiographic parameters investigated was in volar tilt, which was normal in the group of patients with Smith fractures (11°), whereas in the group with Colles fractures it was 5°. Conclusions. 1. In fractures of the distal radius, the type of displacement has no significant effect on the final outcome of surgical plate fixation. 2. In fractures with dorsal displacement of fragments, it is more difficult to restore volar tilt from a volar approach.
Automatic Prediction of Enzyme Functions from Domain Compositions Using Enzyme Reaction Prediction Scheme

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Proteins perform most important biochemical reactions in organisms, such as the catalysis, signal transduction, and transport of nutrients. The urgent need of automatic annotation is due to the advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques in the post-genomic era. Proteins consist of domains which are elementary building units of protein folding, function, and evolution. The evidence of protein function is convincible to deduce from its domain composition. For enzyme function prediction, efficiency and reliability become more and more important in the recent researches. This study proposed an enzyme reaction prediction scheme with a learning model for enzyme function predictions to avoid the exponential enumeration problem of frequent item-sets in the association rule algorithm. Our work also contributed to the prediction of multiple reactions due to the nature of enzymes.
Feral Hogs, the Rainfall Index Annual Forage Program, and Pecan Irrigation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The first essay examines feral hog control as an economic issue. Feral hogs are an invasive species and their presence can lead to spread of disease to livestock, crop damage, loss of wildlife, intrusion in green spaces, and many other detrimental consequences. The key to widespread control and eradication of feral hogs lies not only with innovative technology but with institutions and incentives. A change in laws that prevents incentives for individuals to continue to transport and release wild hogs as well as help reallocating abatement resources to work towards a socially optimal level of feral hog control. The second essay assesses the relationship of the RMA index and forage yields for the Rainfall Index Annual Forage Program and proposes additional indices composed of precipitation frequency events and minimum temperature events. The precipitation frequency index sums the number of days precipitation events occurred over a two month time period while the minimum temperature index sums the number of days where the minimum temperature was below 32 degrees Fahrenheit over a two month time period. The RMA index intervals were positively related to yields and significant for wheat. For triticale, oats, rye, and ryegrass, none of the indices were consistently significant indicating that a variable that better explains forage yields is necessary to assist producers in protecting against forage yield loss. The third essay determines the effects of irrigation system upon young pecan growth, nut quality, and nutrient uptake. The five irrigation systems were Nelson R-5 rotator (35 ft diameter) sprinkler, Nelson R-10 rotator (70 ft diameter) sprinkler, two subsurface driplines irrigating for two days a week alternating between water for two hours and no water for two hours, two subsurface driplines irrigating one day a week for twenty hours continuously, four subsurface driplines irrigating for ten hours continuously for one day a week, and a control with no irrigation. Irrigation systems affected foliar levels of potassium, boron, and manganese levels. No significant difference was found in expected change in trunk diameter or kernel percentage by irrigation system. Using a spatial Durbin error model, trunk diameters of non-irrigated and the four subsurface dripline irrigation system trees were significantly less than those trees that were irrigated by the two subsurface irrigation driplines for twenty hours continuously system.
SWAT-Driven Exploration of Runoff Dynamics in Hyper-Arid Region, Saudi Arabia: Implications for Hydrological Understanding

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrological modeling plays a vital role in water-resource management and climate-change studies in hyper-arid regions. In the present investigation, surface runoff was estimated by a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for Wadi Al-Aqul, Saudi Arabia. The Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2 (SUFI-2) technique in SWAT-CUP was adopted for the sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of the SWAT model’s components. The observational runoff data were scarce and only available from 1979 to 1984; such data scarcity is a common problem in hyper-arid regions. The results show good agreement with the observed daily runoff, as indicated by a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) of 0.86, a regression (R2) of 0.76, and a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) of 0.61. Error metrics, including the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), were notably low at 0.05 and 0.58, respectively. In the daily validation, the model continued to perform well, with a correlation of 0.76 and regression of 0.58. As a new approach, fitted parameters of daily calibration were incorporated into the monthly simulation, and they demonstrated an even better performance. The correlation coefficient (regression) and Nash–Sutcliffe were found to be extremely high during the calibration period of the monthly simulation, reaching 0.97 (0.95) and 0.73, respectively; meanwhile, they reached 0.99 (0.98) and 0.63 in the validation period, respectively. The sensitivity analysis using the SUFI-2 algorithm highlighted that, in the streamflow estimation, the Curve Number (CN) was found to be the most responsive parameter, followed by Soil Bulk Density (SOL_BD). Notably, the monthly results showed a higher performance than the daily results, indicating the inherent capability of the model in regard to data aggregation and reducing the impact of random fluctuations. These findings highlight the applicability of the SWAT model in predicting runoff and its implication for climate-change studies in hyper-arid regions.
Reducing the Negative Effects of Counterterrorism Frameworks and Other Restrictive Measures on Humanitarian Action and Enforcing the Obligations of States in Relation to the COVID-19 Vaccine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Countering terrorism has been a priority agenda point for the international community, especially after the September 11th attacks. As the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) points out, “States have had to confront a threat emanating from individuals and non-State armed groups [(NSAGs)] that resort to acts of terrorism. In response, States and international organizations have developed increasingly robust counterterrorism measures.”
The Agorai of Sagalassos in Late Antiquity: An Interpretive Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article investigates the history of the agorai and minor plazas, excavated at Sagalassos in SW Turkey, during late antiquity (A.D. 283 to ca. 650). It presents new field observations made by the author, based on a survey of stone surface markings, epigraphic context, and spoliation history, and offers an interpretive study of these spaces in terms of their function during the 4th–7th centuries A.D. An assessment of the significance of these observations for the nature of urban government in this period is also offered.
Plant molecular pharming is a promising system for cost-effective production of veterinary vaccines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vaccination of animals has been used for centuries and is generally considered the most cost-effective and sustainable method of disease control and prevention. About twenty-five years ago, vaccines were in a inactive form or live attenuated organisms and often were not very effective. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have made it possible to develop new vaccines and therapeutic targes. Plant expression system has been demonstrated to be a promising platform for production of a variety of recombinant proteins such as vaccines, antibodies, therapeutic proteins, human and industrial enzymes, toxins etc. for health, agricultural and industrial applications. Although plant produced products are already available and licensed for human use, however, there are currently no plant-based vaccines on the market for animal use other than the Newcastle poultry vaccine. This is probably explained by relatively high cost of plant produced recombinant protein based vaccines for animal use. Therefore, the development of inexpensive and affordable plant-based vaccines and their formulation is very important for the production of economical animal vaccines. In this review, (1) different expression systems, (2) the history of plant-based expression systems, (3) different types of vaccines, and(4) plant-based animal vaccine production in plants are discussed. We also discussed the advantages of plants in the development of veterinary vaccines and new developed strategies that can lead to the production of cost-effective, stable and highly immunogenic veterinary vaccines.
O1‐02‐08: MAPT study: a 3‐year randomized trial of omega 3 and/or multidomain intervention for the prevention of cognitive decline in frail elderly subjects‐rationale, design and baseline data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because no effective curative approaches are available, preventive approaches in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed. We present the design of the ongoing Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) Study. Several previous studies suggested that many factors may be involved in the occurrence of AD at late ages. Because of the probable multifactorial nature of AD, it seems logical to initiate multidomain interventions to examine their potential synergistic effects. The MAPT Study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a multidomain intervention and omega 3 in the prevention of cognitive decline in frail elderly persons aged 70 years or over. The multidomain intervention consists of collective training sessions (nutritional advices, cognitive and physical activities) and a yearly personalized preventive consultation aiming to detect risk factors and set up management in collaboration with the general practitioner (GP). The study also collects imaging (PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology and metabolism, MRI) and biological data that could be used in future AD prevention and treatment trials. The MAPT Study is a 3-year, randomized, controlled trial conducted by hospital practitioners specializing in memory disorders in thirteen French cities. The study plans to enroll 1680 frail elderly subjects on the basis of at least one of the following criteria: subjective memory complaint spontaneously expressed to a GP, limitation in one instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) and slow walking speed. To demonstrate the protective effect of interventions, subjects are randomized into one of the following four groups: omega 3 alone, multidomain intervention alone, omega 3 plus multidomain intervention or placebo (n = 420 each). The principal outcome measure is a change in cognitive function at 3 years, as determined by the Grober and Buschke Test. A total of 2,388 subjects were screened to date for participation, of whom 1,556 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were entered into the study. Inclusions will be closed by February 28th. The MAPT Study is the first preventive trial involving multidomain interventions and omega 3. It will enable us to assess the usefulness of various baseline characteristics as predictors of cognitive decline in frail older people.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist in Patients With Cognitive Impairment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objective The Mild Behavioral Impairment-Checklist (MBI-C) was developed to detect and standardize neuropsychiatric symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability of the MBI-C. Methods The sample of our study consisted of 80 patients with cognitive impairment and a control group with 113 participants whose cognitive impairment was not detected in standard tests. Participants were evaluated with the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), MBI-C and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results and Conclusion In the reliability analysis, the Cronbach-alpha value for MBI-C was found to be .810. In the ROC analysis performed with the total MBI-C score, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as .821 and the cut-off score was determined as 8.5; sensitivity was calculated as .77 and specificity as .83. A strong positive correlation was found between test-retest MBI-C scores (r = .886, P < .0019). A strong positive correlation was found between MBI-C and NPI scores (r = .964, P < .001). MBI-C scores were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA scores and positively correlated with GDS-15 scores. The results of our study showed that the Turkish version of the MBI-C is a valid and reliable measurement.
EFFECT OF BLENDED E-LEARNING ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS: A CASE FOR SUSTAINABLE TEACHER EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study investigated the impact of blended e-learning on pre-service teachers’ achievement in Mathematics. The sample consists of 280 level I pre-service teachers in school of sciences of Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education Owerri. The quasi-experimental research design adopting the pre-test, post-test non-equivalent type was used in carrying out the study. A researcher made objective test questions titled “Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT)” was used for data collection. It had reliability coefficient of 0.83 determined using Kuder-Richardson (KR 20 ) formula. The control group was taught mathematics using the traditional method while the experimental group was taught using blended e-learning method (traditional and e-learning). The data generated were analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while ANCOVA was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that blended e-learning is an effective method of teaching mathematics among pre-service teachers. Based on the result it was recommended that blended e-learning method should be applied in teaching Mathematics education of pre-service teachers. Article visualizations:
Asymmetry of Codon-pair Usage between DNA Double Strands

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:In order to study asymmetry of codon-pair usage between DNA double strands,the patterns of codon-pair usage of the genomes of Rickettsia_bellii and Anaeromyxobacter_dehalogenans_2CP-C were analysed.And these two genomes have extremely biased genomic compositions.Method:Biostatistics.Result:It was found that there were 17 percent and 21 percent of codon pairs of which biases were opposite between genes located on the leading and lagging strands in the genomes of Anaeromyxobacter_dehalogenans_ 2CP-C and Rickettsia_bellii.The results indicated that the differences of codon-pair usage bias existed between the leading and the lagging strand.Therefore,one of important factors that influence codon pairing was the strand-specific features.And these features may included the biased codon usage,gene orientation bias,context-dependent codon bias etc.Conclusion:Asymmetry of codon-pair usage between DNA double strands in above two genomes seemd to be the result of strand-specific mutational biases,and natural selection at the probably acting at the levels of replication,transcription and translation.
A Gap Analysis of Customer Perceptions and Expectation of Service Quality amongst Mobile Telephony Companies in Ghana

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

An analysis of service quality amongst mobile telephony companies in Ghana has been conducted using the SERVQUAL quality measurement scale. The research adopted a quantitative research methodology by employing multiple comparison Bonferroni test to measure responses of customer expectation and perceived service delivery by mobile telephony companies. The study revealed that three (3) out of the four (4) network operators sampled recorded negative weighted mean difference between customers perception and expectation on the reliability service quality variable which relates to coverage and low call drops, and this variable is perceived to be the key performance indicator for the firms. Mobile telephony companies however recorded positive weighted mean difference on the tangibility service quality variable. The study concludes that despite the unenthusiastic performance recorded on the reliability measures, customers are maintaining relationship with network operators suggesting that quality does not mean relationship.
Measuring the Effects of a Single Dose of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) on Plasma Testosterone Concentrations in Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Current estimates suggest that one-fifth of all reptiles are currently threatened with extinction because of anthropogenic activity, and that if nothing is done to mitigate these impacts, massive extinctions will occur over the coming decades. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can be used to develop ex vivo conservation programs to ensure species survival until environmental deficiencies can be corrected. Geckos represent one of the most diverse groups of reptiles on earth and need protection; however, to date, no ART have been developed for these animals. Exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is routinely used to alter reproductive hormones of vertebrates and are integrated in ART. The purpose of this study was to determine if a single dose of hCG could increase plasma testosterone concentrations in the leopard gecko ( Eublepharis macularius ) within 24 h of administration. The study was performed in September, which is considered the nonbreeding season for this species in the northern hemisphere. Twelve captive-bred, adult, male leopard geckos were randomly divided into three treatment groups and administered an intramuscular injection of hCG (50 or 100 IU) or saline. Whole blood was collected prior to injection (baseline) and 12 and 24 h after injection. Plasma testosterone concentrations were measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit. There was no significant difference ( P = 0.195) in testosterone concentrations between treatment groups. Because there was no difference, an observed testosterone range (61.0 ± 42.5, 5.5–149.0) for September was calculated. These results suggest that captive leopard geckos may be in a recrudescence phase in September in the northern hemisphere.
Nutritional assessment of asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

De studies in dit proefschrift beschrijven de groei en voedingsstatus van 2 tot 12 jarige asielzoekerskinderen in Nederland afkomstig uit Afrika, Oost Europa en Centraal Azië. Het is aannemelijk dat asielzoekers hun voedingsgewoonte veranderen afhankelijk van eigen culturele achtergrond, bekendheid met lokale voedingsproducten en richtlijnen, en de prijs van voedingsmiddelen. Het was onbekend of de voedingsgewoonten van asielzoekers in Nederland een risico betekenen voor adequate voeding en groei van hun kinderen. De groei van asielzoekers’ kinderen bleek adequaat geëvalueerd te kunnen worden met de Nederlandse groeicurves. Het percentage kinderen met overgewicht en obesitas nam tijdens het verblijf in Nederland toe van 15 tot 21%. Vierentwintig procent van de kinderen had een vetinname hoger dan de maximale aanbevolen hoeveelheid. Kinderen uit Oost Europa hadden de meest ongunstige vet- en koolhydraatinname. De micronutriënt-inname was lager dan 80% van de aanbevolen dagelijkse hoeveelheden voor calcium, ijzer, vitamine A en vitamine D in respectievelijk 42%, 49%, 45% en 80% van de kinderen. De prevalentie van thallasemie, ijzerdeficiëntie en ijzergebreksanemie was 6%, 16% en 4% respectievelijk. IJzerdeficiëntie werd het meest gevonden bij kinderen onder de 6 jaar en bij kinderen uit Afrika. In de lente bleken veel kinderen biochemisch aanwijzingen te hebben voor ernstig (13%) of mild (42%) tekort aan vitamine D. Bij Afrikaanse kinderen werd deze insufficiënte vitamine D status niet volledig genormaliseerd door zonblootstelling in de Nederlandse zomer. Asielzoekerskinderen in Nederland lopen een hoog risico op ongunstige voedingsgewoontes en op tekorten aan belangrijke micronutriënten. Vroegtijdige onderkenning van subklinische voedingsdeficiënties, preventieve voedingsvoorlichting en zonodig provisie van supplementen aan asielzoekerskinderen lijken gerechtvaardigd.
Aadhar UID Mask Detecting Tool Using CNN With Verhoeff Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aadhaar UID Mask Detecting Tool is a computer vision system that uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the Verhoeff algorithm to detect and extract masked Aadhaar UID numbers in digital images. The tool is designed to address the growing concern over the protection of personal information and privacy in the era of digital communication. The CNNs are trained to recognize patterns in the Aadhaar UID numbers and the Verhoeff algorithm is used to validate the extracted numbers. This tool can be used in various applications such as document scanning and verification, data protection and privacy, and information security. The use of a combination of machine learning and validation algorithms makes this tool robust and reliable for detecting masked Aadhaar UID numbers in images.