jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developmental Increases in the Reliability of Cognitive Assessment Bias G x Age Estimates

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The heritability (G) of cognitive ability increases substantially across development. However, previous studies of G x Age interaction—also known as the Wilson Effect—have not controlled for developmental changes in the reliability of cognitive assessment. Unmodeled reliability changes may bias estimates of cognitive growth and G x Age interaction, obscuring the developmental etiology of cognitive ability, but this possibility has not been explored empirically due to a lack of appropriate data and statistical methods. Using an expanded version of the Louisville Twin Study data set in which Ronald Wilson (1983) originally documented G x Age interaction, we first replicated heritability increases between ages 3 months and 15 years. Then, we examined the extent to which unmodeled reliability changes biased estimates of G x Age interaction using continuous time dynamic modeling. Our-best fitting model, which corrected for reliability differences across test battery and age, estimated that heritability increased from .26 to .55. Reliability increased substantially across development, from less than .30 in infancy to approximately .80 at age 15. Models that did not control for developmental reliability increases yielded downwardly biased estimates of cognitive growth and differentiation, G x Age interaction, developmental decreases in shared environmental effects, and increases in non-shared environmental effects. Results indicated that a re-evaluation of previous G x Age estimates may be warranted, and that future studies should control for developmental fluctuations in reliability. Our continuous time dynamic models improved estimation of developmental change in cognitive ability and can be easily adapted to other psychological constructs.
Tuning the Photovoltaic Performance of Benzocarbazole-Based Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Influence of π-Spacers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tuning the parameters to enhance the efficiencies of a novel set of metal free sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is carried out by varying the π-conjugated spacers that link the donor benzocarbazole to the acceptor cyanoacrylic acid. The molecules are synthesized by different combinations of spacers, namely fluorene-thiophene (BFT), fluorene-furan (BFF), fluorene-phenyl (BFB), and thiophene-phenyl (BTB). The molar extinction coefficients of all the dyes are high which is attributed to benzocarbazole, but it is higher in the dyes in which fluorene is one of the spacers. But interestingly, in the photovoltaic device when the non-fluorene dye BTB is the sensitizer, red-shifted and broader incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) curves are obtained leading to larger short circuit current density, Jsc, almost double when compared to BFB-based cell. The efficiency of the device with this dye as the sensitizer is also the highest in this series. The reasons behind these observations are investigated using computational techniques.
[Team and education and the Centre Universitaire de Guidance infantile at Woluwe (Brussels)].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Description of the center for child guidance at the University of Louvain where take place supervision and training role games, as described in the next three articles. It is a new center, specialised in postgraduated training for doctors and psychologists in the area of child guidance, analytical individual psychotherapy for children and family therapy. The training programmes are being described.
Comparative Response on Gas Exchange of Picea Spp. Exposed to Increased Atmospheric CO 2 in Open Top Chambers at Two Test Sites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We took comparative measurements of gas exchange response curves of two species of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) exposed to high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in two test stations: Vielsalm (Belgium) and Glendevon (United Kingdom). The photosynthetic response of these two species to variations in concentrations of intercellular CO2 and to variations in light intensity were measured in situ using an integrated transportable differential CO2 and water vapour exchange measuring system. The response curves were adjusted by the Mitscher-
The ANDECS-CACE framework A RSYST for integrated analysis and design of controlled systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer-aided control engineering (CACE) environments, in order to be reusable in a broad spectrum of applications, have to be based on an open software framework which provides seven classes of services: database services; model-definition services; algorithmic services; tool-control services; task-control services; user-interaction services; message services. Details of the ANDECS framework A RSYST are given.< >
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROKSIAPATIT [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] DARI BATU KAPUR DENGAN METODE SOL-GEL

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Batu kapur digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk sintesis dan karakterisasi hidroksiapatit dengan metode sol-gel. Kalsinasi pada batu kapur, dilakukan pada suhu 1000oC selama 12, 16, dan 20 jam untuk mendapatkan senyawa CaO dengan kristalinitas yang tinggi. Suspensi CaO direaksikan dengan prekursor posfat H3PO4 dengan waktu pengadukan selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam, kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 60oC selama 1 hari. Proses sinter terhadap hasil sintesis hidroksiapatit dilakukan pada suhu 800 dan 900oC selama 3 jam. Selanjutnya, dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM. Analisis dengan menggunakan XRD menunjukkan probabilitas kemurnian hidroksiapatit tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu pengadukan selama 2 jam dengan suhu sinter 900oC yaitu 73,68421% dengan kristalinitas sebesar 90,867% serta rata-rata ukuran diameter kristal sebesar 23,35351 nm. Gugus-gugus fungsi yang diidentifikasi dengan FTIR, menunjukkan adanya gugus OH-, CO32-, dan PO43-. Morfologi struktur hidroksiapatit yang dianalisis dengan SEM, menunjukkan adanya gumpalan dari permukaan hidroksiapatit serta aglomerasi dari setiap partikel dengan bentuk pori yang berukuran kecil.
Five-year longitudinal study of dental caries risk associated with <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sobrinus</i> in individuals with intellectual disabilities

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) are important etiologic agents in human dental caries. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the presence of those strains, we examined 145 outpatients with intellectual disability (ID), calculated the proportion of each of these strains to total bacteria, and compared dental caries incidence over 5 years. Plaque samples were collected from all erupted tooth sites, and dental examinations were performed annually to determine numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT score; World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria). Elevated DMFT scores were calculated as ∆DMFT, and sites of newly affected caries (∆SNAC) were identified. Sixty-six patients had both strains. The proportion of S. mutans to total bacteria was moderately correlated with DMFT in year 2, ∆DMFT in years 2 and 5, and ∆SNAC in years 2 and 5 (correlation coefficient = 0.470, P < 0.001), while the proportion of S. sobrinus to total bacteria was moderately correlated with DMFT in years 2 and 5, ∆DMFT in years 1, 2, and 5, and ∆SNAC in years 2 and 5 (correlation coefficient = 0.695, P < 0.001). Individuals with ID who harbored both bacterial strains had a higher risk of dental caries and a significantly higher proportion of S. sobrinus to total bacteria.
Co-occurrence of agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors with other dental anomalies – a systematic review of the literature

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hypodontia of the maxillary lateral incisors is a developmental disorder whose genetic basis has been documented scientifically. Coexistence of hypodontia and other dental anomalies may indicate the occurrence of mutations within a given gene, the expression of which may be manifested in various phenotypic combinations. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of co-occurrence of agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors with other dental anomalies and skeletal disorders, based on a systematic review of the literature. Material and methods: An online database was searched using PubMed and Science Direct by entering the following keywords: maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and dental anomalies. Results: A total of 1168 results were obtained. Eighteen articles from 1971-2016 that met the inclusion criteria were qualified for the analysis. Hypodontia of the maxillary lateral incisors is very often accompanied by other dental or skeletal disorders. These are most often: agenesis of another permanent tooth, ectopic maxillary canine eruption, distoangulation of mandibular second premolars, reduction of the overall size of the teeth, the occurrence of a peg-shaped or microdontic maxillary lateral incisor, the rectangular shape of crowns of the maxillary central incisors, taurodontism. Skeletal class III is much more common than in the general population and the vertical relationship is also reduced. The most frequent was distal relation on the molars and canines. Conclusions: Based on information obtained from medical databases and library resources, it can be concluded that hypodontia of the maxillary lateral incisors is a condition predisposing to the co-occurrence of other disorders: size, structure, position and quantity of remaining permanent teeth. When planning orthodontic treatment, attention should also be paid to the frequent prevalence of skeletal III in these patients and to the reduced vertical relationship.
The Scheduling of Knowledge of Results

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The experiments outlined in this article were performed so that the acquisition effects of KR scheduling on no-KR retention could be determined. In Experiment 1, the group that alternated between 12 KR and 12 no-KR responses produced better retention than both the group that alternated between 6 KR and 6 no-KR responses and an all-KR group. The partial KR group that performed the best on retention also received the least number of reversals from KR to no-KR responses, however. In Experiment 2, when acquisition KR reversals ere held constant for partial KR groups, groups that received either random KR scheduling or all KR produced similar and better retention that groups who received blocked KR scheduling. These results were reconciled with KR frequency experiments by proposing that memory processes invoked by KR protocols decrease from KR frequency, to reversal, to scheduling conditions.
The effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on landing mechanics: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose was to quantify the effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on knee mechanics in a double-leg landing. Eighteen male and 20 female participants completed a jump-landing-jump task in five conditions: no rotation, testing leg ipsilateral or contralateral (WBRC) to the whole-body rotation direction, and testing leg ipsilateral (TRI) or contralateral to the trunk rotation direction. The WBRC and TRI conditions demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angles at initial contact (2.6 > Cohen's dz > 0.3) and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments during the 100 ms after landing (1.7 > Cohen's dz > 0.3). The TRI condition also showed the greatest knee internal rotation angles at initial contact and peak knee abduction and internal rotation angles and peak knee extension moments during the 100 ms after landing (2.0 > Cohen's dz > 0.5). Whole-body rotation increased contralateral knee loading because of its primary role in decelerating medial-lateral velocities. Trunk rotation resulted in the greatest knee loading for the ipsilateral knee due to weight shifting and mechanical coupling between the trunk and lower extremities. These findings may help understand altered trunk motion in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Progress Report on an Evaluation of Speech Therapy for Aphasia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary A feasibility study of a proposed evaluation of speech therapy for acquired aphasia is described. Patients were allocated randomly to either individual speech therapy or an equal amount of intervention from untrained volunteers. Their progress was closely followed for 12 weeks of treatment and subsequently until the end of one year. Thirteen patients completed the study and the results are reported. After some minor changes to the Protocol the Study continues as a large scale, multicentre project.
Towards Rational Design of Functional Fluoride and Oxyfluoride Materials from First Principles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Complex transition metal compounds (TMCs) research has produced functional materials with a range of properties, including ferroelectricity, colossal magnetoresistance, nonlinear optical activity and high-temperature superconductivity. Conventional routes to tune properties in transition metal oxides, for example, have relied primarily on cation chemical substitution and interfacial effects in thin film heterostructures. In heteroanionic TMCs, exhibiting two chemically distinct anions coordinating the same or different cations, engineering of the anion sub-lattice for property control is a promising alternative approach. The presence of multiple anions provides additional design variables, such as anion order, that are absent in homoanionic counterparts. The more complex structural and chemical phase space of heteroanionic materials provides a unique opportunity to realize enhanced or unanticipated electronic, optical, and magnetic responses. Although there is growing interest in heteroanionic materials, and synthetic and characterization advances are occurring for these materials, the crystal-chemistry principles for realizing structural and property control are only slowing emerging. This dissertation employs anion engineering to investigate phenomena in transition metal fluorides and oxyfluorides compounds using first principles density functional theory calculations. Oxyfluorides are particularly intriguing owing their tendency to stabilize highly ordered anion sublattices as well as the potential to combine the advantageous properties of transition metal oxides and fluorides. This work 1) addresses the challenges of studying fluorides and oxyfluorides using first principles calculations; 2) evaluates the feasibility of using external stimuli, such as epitaxial strain and hydrostatic pressure, to control properties of fluorides and oxyfluorides; and 3) formulates a computational workflow based on multiple levels of theory and computation to elucidate structure-property relationships and anion-order descriptors. The insights gained in this work advance the understanding of oxide-fluoride anion engineered materials and we anticipate that it will motivate novel experimental efforts and materials by design in the future.
Elevated Burst Suppression Ratio: The Possible Role of Hypoxemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: We report a case characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of increased suppression ratio number (SR) and hypoxemia without a concomitant decrease in bispectral index (BIS). A 59-yr-old man was scheduled for tracheal granuloma removal by laser, using a rigid bronchoscopy. The patient's history included two lobectomies for epidermoid carcinoma. Anesthesia induction was induced and maintained with infusions of propofol and remifentanil. A bolus of succinylcholine was injected to facilitate introduction of the bronchoscope. The lungs were mechanically ventilated through the lumen of the bronchoscope using a high frequency jet ventilator. Six minutes after the succinylcholine bolus, his Spo2 decreased dramatically below 80% despite ventilation with pure oxygen, and we also observed an increase of the SR. BIS was in the range of 40–60 and signal quality index was more than 75%. His mean arterial blood pressure was 80 mm Hg. The bronchoscope was withdrawn and replaced by an endotracheal tube; the lungs were mechanically ventilated using pure oxygen. High airway pressure and auscultation revealed bronchospasm. Spo2 improved after inhalation of a beta2-agonist and we observed a decrease of the SR (Fig. 1). The endotracheal tube was removed. The patient's postoperative neurological examination was normal.Figure 1.: Acute decrease of Spo2 during rigid bronchoscopy. BIS, bispectral index; SR, burst suppression ratio; A, high frequency jet-ventilation; B, tracheal intubation; C to D, inhalation of beta2 agonist; E, recovery.In general, burst suppression patterns appear at BIS levels below 40. The effect of an increasing concentration of a volatile anesthetic on the electroencephalogram is a progressive slowing until burst suppression patterns occur. Our observation of an increased SR appearing while BIS was at an adequate anesthetic level could have been a coincidence, but we cannot exclude a relationship between SR and poor brain tolerance of hypoxemia. This hypothesis is supported by animal studies demonstrating that hypoxemia induces isoelectric electroencephalograms, oxygenation allowing the restoration of a baseline electroencephalogram (1), and a reduction in cerebral tissue damage (2). Ngai Liu, MD Thierry Chazot, MD Department of Anesthesiology Hôpital Foch Université Paris Ile-de-France Ouest Suresnes, France Catherine Mutter, MD Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Hôpital Hautepierre Strasbourg, France Marc Fischler, MD Department of Anesthesiology Hôpital Foch Université, Paris Ile-de-France Ouest Suresnes, France [email protected]
Comparison of Semiparametric, Parametric, and Nonparametric ROC Analysis for Continuous Diagnostic Tests Using a Simulation Study and Acute Coronary Syndrome Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We aimed to compare the performance of three different individual ROC methods (one from each of the broad categories of parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric analysis) for assessing continuous diagnostic tests: the binormal method as a parametric method, an empirical approach as a nonparametric method, and a semiparametric method using generalized linear models (GLM). We performed a simulation study with various sample sizes under normal, skewed, and monotone distributions. In the simulations, we used estimates of the ROC curve parameters a and b, estimates of the area under the curve (AUC), the standard errors and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of these estimates, and the 95% AUC confidence intervals for comparison. The three methodologies were also applied to an acute coronary syndrome dataset in which serum myoglobin levels were used as a biomarker for detecting acute coronary syndrome. The simulation and application studies suggest that the semiparametric ROC analysis using GLM is a reliable method when the distributions of the diagnostic test results are skewed and that it provides a smooth ROC curve for obtaining a unique cutoff value. A sample size of 50 is sufficient for applying the semiparametric ROC method.
Modern view on the therapy of chronic venous insufficiency with micronized purified flavonoid fraction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The high prevalence of varicose veins has been established in numerous population studies. Currently, guidelines have been developed for the treatment of patients with varicose veins for various stages of chronic venous insufficiency. Nevertheless, despite the use of modern drugs, leg compression, surgical and other interventions, it is not possible to completely reverse the symptoms of venous insufficiency. The article is devoted to the analysis of micronized flavonoid purified fraction. The development of modern drugs for chronic venous diseases is an important direction in medicine. The creation of a drug pool manufactured InRussiais a priority in the development of the country’s pharmaceutical industry. The review presents data on the study of Detravenol (Russia), which is a combination of diosmin and hesperidin (micronized purified flavonoid fraction).
Cars as museum objects and their value to knowledge of History. First steeps towards an approach of teaching and learning through cars

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article shows the first steps of a research about the motor car as an object of knowledge and its value for education, didactics and, in particular, History didactics. First of all, our work falls within the History didactics by the method through discovery and the direct study of its sources. Secondly, the weight of the motor car is highlighted, not only as an element of the industrial heritage, but also as an element for the study and understanding of the history and culture over the past one hundred and thirty years. In third place, the main didactical aspects of the motor car are presented and collected in a decalogue. Finally, the main lines of research that this work will go deeply into are presented. This study has its antecedents in researches about the didactic of the dress object and its museums.
Inelastic scattering and resonance ultrasound spectroscopy for functional materials studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The combined use of inelastic scattering, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, and other macroscopic thermodynamics characterization techniques will be presented. In particular, inelastic neutron scattering and nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) by Mössbauer resonant nuclei are two techniques that probe acoustic phonons and provide a microscopic counterpoint to direct speed of sound measurements. Results from new developments for the Sb and Te element specific NIS with sub-meV resolution will be presented for materials with thermoelectric or phase change properties. Specifically the lattice softening in the YbFe4Sb12 skutterudite [Moechel et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 184306 (2011)] and the systematic softening observed in nanostructured thermoelectric materials [Claudio et al., J. Mater. Sci. 48, 2836 (2013)] with respect to their bulk counterpart will be discussed, as well as lattice softening in magnetocaloric MnFe4Si3. [The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is acknowledged for provision of the synchrotron radiation facility at beamlines ID18 and ID22N; the Institut Laue Langevin for beamtime at IN6; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for funding SPP-1386 ”Nanostructured Thermoelectrics” and SFB-907 ”Nanoswitches"; the BMBF for NanoKoCh 03X3540; and the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren for VH-NG-407 and HRJRG-402.]
Bullous Pemphigoid as a Manifestation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and bullous pemphigoid. Initial treatment with high-dose prednisone (60 mg/day for 14 days) failed to prevent occurrence of new skin lesions. After the addition of chlorambucil, 6 mg/day, and tapering the prednisone dosage, no new skin lesions appeared, and the bullous lesions rapidly resolved. We were unable to isolate an antibody produced by leukemic lymphocytes that is directed against subepithelial basement membrane. Nevertheless, we believe that bullous pemphigoid can be a peripheral manifestation of an underlying disease such as CLL. Confirmation of this would be aided by the isolation of antibody produced by leukemic cells that is directed against subepithelial basement membrane.