jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Willingness to Adopt Recommended Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Agronomic Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Semi-Arid Lands of Embu County, Kenya

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study assessed the willingness of smallholder farmers to adopt the recommended agronomic practices of Bambara groundnut in semi-arid lands of Embu County. The study was carried out in three sub-counties i.e. Mbeere North, Mbeere South, and Embu West, of Embu County. Data were extracted with the help of a well-structured questionnaire which was distributed to 384 smallholder farmers who were participants at the farmers’ field schools at the three sites. The data were analyzed using means, percentages, and logistic regression. Results of the study revealed that 60.94% of the farmers were willing to adopt the recommended agronomic practices. The willingness of the farmers to adopt the recommended agronomic practices was influenced by farming experience, farm size, extension contact, participation in farmers’ groups, cropping technologies adoption, and intercropping system used by the farmers. The application of the farmer participatory approach is an innovative way of introducing and promoting less popular but sustainably proven agricultural technologies among smallholder farmers. This is a climate-smart strategy to address the challenges of food in the area. Awareness creation among the farmers using the right extension channels can increase farmers’ willingness to adopt climate-smart technologies such as the production of the highly nutritive and drought tolerant Bambara groundnut in dry areas.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Behaviour of Tuned Band Gap CdSe QDs Sensitized LaB6

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report the fabrication of tuned band gap quantum dots sensitized LaB₆ hybrid nanostructures and their application as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆) obtained by molten salt electrolysis method is sensitized with different sized CdSe quantum dots, which form a multiple-level hierarchical heterostructure and such design enhance the light absorption and charge carrier separation, which in turn showed higher photocurrent density compared to that of pristine LaB₆. When LaB₆ is sensitized with CdSe quantum dots of different band gaps, which have the absorption in the green and red (530 and 605 nm) regions in visible light, developed a ten times higher photocurrent density (11.0 mA cm(−2)) compared to that of pristine LaB6 (0.5 mA cm(−2) at 0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in 1 M Na₂S electrolyte under illumination. These results prove that the tuned band gap quantum dots sensitized LaB₆ heterostructures are an ideal candidate for a photoanode in solar water splitting applications.
El comportamiento de la fecundidad en el Noroeste argentino entre 2015 y 2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an effort to comprehend the changes in fertility in northwestern Argentina, this study aims to analyze fertility patterns between 2015 and 2020. The rationale for this research lies in the significance of examining how fertility has evolved in recent years in the region. Through a quantitative and descriptive analysis, using data obtained from the Department of Health Statistics and Information (DEIS), Specific Fertility Rates (SFR) and Total Fertility Rates (TFR) were calculated. TFRs were categorized into those falling below 2.1 (replacement level), 1.6 (low fertility level), and 1.3 (very low fertility level) children on average per woman. The low fertility models proposed by the UN in 1963 were applied to analyze SFRs, identifying three fertility regimes: early, extended, and late. The change in SFRs for ages 15 to 19 was observed, along with its relationship with the rest of the age groups. The results reveal that, during the period 2015-2020, fertility in the regional average and in the provinces of the northwest of Argentina decreased significantly. TFRs fell below the minimum replacement threshold and, in some cases, even reached levels of low and very low fertility, ranging from 1.6 to 1.3 children on average per woman. Additionally, there was a concentration of births among women in the 25 to 29-year-old age group.
Table_1_Darkening of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Fungal Abundance and Diversity Are Associated With Algal Bloom.XLSX

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Recent studies have highlighted the importance of ice-algal blooms in driving darkening and therefore surface melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). However, the contribution of fungal and bacterial communities to this microbially driven albedo reduction remains unconstrained. To address this significant knowledge gap, fungi were isolated from key GrIS surface habitats (surface ice containing varying abundance of ice algae, supraglacial water, cryoconite holes, and snow), and a combination of cultivation and sequencing methods utilized to characterize the algal-associated fungal and bacterial diversity and abundance. Six hundred and ninety-seven taxa of fungi were obtained by amplicon sequencing and more than 200 fungal cultures belonging to 46 different species were isolated through cultivation approaches. Basidiomycota dominated in surface ice and water samples, and Ascomycota in snow samples. Amplicon sequencing revealed that bacteria were characterized by a higher diversity (883 taxa detected). Results from cultivation as well as ergosterol analyses suggested that surface ice dominated by ice algae and cryoconite holes supported the highest fungal biomass (10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100 ml) and that many fungal taxa recognized as endophytes and plant pathogens were associated with dark ice characterized by a high abundance of ice algae. This paper significantly advances this field of research by investigating for the first time the fungal abundance and diversity associated with algal blooms causing the darkening of the GrIS. There is a strong association between the abundance and diversity of fungal species and the blooming of algae on the surface ice of the Greenland Ice Sheet.</p>
The reaction of arsenite-complexed xanthine oxidase with oxygen. Evidence for an oxygen-reactive molybdenum center.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effects of arsenite on the reaction of reduced xanthine oxidase with oxygen are determined. The kinetics of the reaction monitoring the return of enzyme absorbance are investigated as are the kinetics and stoichiometries of peroxide and superoxide formation. Although some of the effects of arsenite are qualitatively consistent with expectations based on the known perturbation of the molybdenum midpoint potentials by arsenite, several results cannot be so easily explained. Specifically, arsenite introduces a very rapid phase (kobs = 110 s-1 at 125 microM oxygen) to the oxidative half-reaction which is not observed with the native enzyme. Arsenite also diminishes the amount of superoxide produced and eliminates one-electron reduced enzyme as a detectable kinetic intermediate in the reoxidation pathway. These differences appear to result from the ability of arsenite to greatly enhance the oxygen- and/or superoxide-reactivity of the reduced molybdenum center. This is reflected in the observation that reduced forms of arsenite-complexed xanthine oxidase lacking functional FAD (iodoacetamide-alkylated enzyme and deflavo enzyme) react relatively rapidly with oxygen whereas these reactions are quite slow in the absence of arsenite.
Supplementation with Different Concentrations of Dithiothreitol and Glutathione During Cryopreservation of Semen from Large White Boars

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

<p>The study aims to compare different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM) of antioxidants, Dithiothreitol (DTT) and Glutathione (GSH), on sperm parameters following the freeze-thawing of semen from large white boars. Three large white boars were selected for semen collection and the collected semen was sent to the lab for analysis. Following dilution with Beltsville thawing solution and 120 min of equilibration at 17&deg;C, the semen was centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min at 15&deg;C. Following supplementation of semen with DTT or GSH at different doses (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM), the semen&nbsp;was transferred into 0.25 mL freezing straws. After 20 min in Liquid Nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) vapor, the straws were submerged in the LN<sub>2</sub> tank, which was at a temperature of -196&deg;C. Following thawing at 37&deg;C, the semen was assessed for several sperm characteristics. Data were analyzed using the GenStat<sup>&reg;</sup> statistical program with the generalized linear model procedure. Treatment means were separated using Fisher&rsquo;s protected t-test least significant difference at a 0.05 level of significance (Mean &plusmn; SD). When compared to all treatments, the proportion of sperm with total motility and progressive motility was higher in control (51.1&plusmn;12.7; 27.1&plusmn;10.8), 5 mM GSH (45.2&plusmn;16.1; 24.7&plusmn;11.3) and 5 mM DTT (43.8&plusmn;10.3; 23.9&plusmn;10.7) (p&lt;0.05). When compared to all treatments, sperm rapid&nbsp;motility was highest in the control (21.3%) and 5 mM DTT (21.5%) treatments (p&lt;0.05). The control (46.8&plusmn;6.5), 5 mM GSH (44.8&plusmn;8.2) and 5 mM DTT (40.3&plusmn;2.20) had a high percentage of normal live sperm following thawing as compared to all the treatments (p&lt;0.05). In the hypo-osmotic swelling test, the percentage of the swollen tail was greater in the control treatment (38.8&plusmn;6.1) than in the treatments with 5 mM DTT (33.6&plusmn;4.9) and 5 mM GSH (32.8&plusmn;4.5) (p&lt;0.05). However, the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the quantities of 5 mM GSH and 5 mM DTT added to freezing extenders were appropriate for cryopreserving large white boar semen.</p>
Cold Philosophers: Female Students' Perceived Lack of Fit in Stereotypes Is Associated With Underrepresentation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Women's underrepresentation in philosophy requires a comprehensive investigation of the factors that contribute to it. This paper examines the presence of gender stereotypes regarding philosophers and the consequences of a perceived misfit in three studies. A pre‐study ( N = 49) confirmed that students tend to think about males when asked to name philosophers. Study 1 ( N = 530) used an online experiment with a general sample and found that philosophers are perceived as more male than female. Results demonstrated a perceived gender‐philosopher‐misfit regarding communal but not agentic attributes. Study 2 ( N = 178) confirmed the prevalence of the male philosopher stereotype in philosophy students. Building on the Lack‐of‐Fit Model, we hypothesized and found that female students showed a higher perceived self‐philosopher‐misfit than male students on the communion dimension, but unexpectedly not on the agency dimension. Using a structural equation model, we showed that this perceived gender‐related communal misfit was associated with their lowered intention to persist and increased intention to quit their philosophy studies. The results replicate prior findings on gender stereotype misfits and highlight the special role of the communal dimension in shaping career decisions. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Teamwork In The Oregon Cleft Palate Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Speech and Hearing DisordersResearch Article1 Mar 1956Teamwork In The Oregon Cleft Palate Program Herold Lillywhite Herold Lillywhite Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2101.18 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología22:1 (2-8)Aspectos psicológicos de la persona con fisura palatinaL. Valero Aguayo The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal30:3 (292-301)1 May 1993Improved Patient Compliance with Cleft Palate Team RegimesEarlene T. Paynter, Beth M. Wilson and William J. Jordan The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal28:4 (329-337)1 Oct 1991Accuracy of Information Reported by Parents and Children Evaluated by a Cleft Palate TeamEarlene T. Paynter, Terry W. Edmonson and William J. Jordan Journal of Child Psychotherapy7:1 (59-77)1 Jan 1981Pete the diesel: Psychotherapy with a severely disturbed five-year-old boyJames Beatrice Richard Luchsinger and Gottfried E. Arnold (1970) Pathologie der Sprechorgane: Dysglossie Handbuch der Stimm- und Sprachheilkunde10.1007/978-3-7091-7130-1_17 Gottfried E. Arnold (1959) Die Sprache und ihre Störungen Lehrbuch der Stimm- und Sprachheilkunde10.1007/978-3-7091-3462-7_2 Volume 21Issue 1March 1956Pages: 18-24 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 1956PubMed ID: 13307686 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1956 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF downloadLoading ...
John M. Dixon. The Enlightenment of Cadwallader Colden: Empire, Science, and Intellectual Culture in British New York.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the 1760s and 1770s, revolutionary New Yorkers depicted Cadwallader Colden, their aging lieutenant governor, as a venal politician, a Tory reactionary, and a whimsical thinker—a man, in other words, hopelessly out of touch with their enlightened times. This assessment of Colden long survived in scholarly works that failed to see much beyond his abiding Loyalism and his sometimes quirky philosophical ideas. In The Enlightenment of Cadwallader Colden: Empire, Science, and Intellectual Culture in British New York, John M. Dixon offers a compelling reinterpretation of Colden, portraying him instead as a shrewd politician, an innovative intellectual, and one of the chief architects of the so-called “Moderate Enlightenment,” defined here as the more conservative wing of the larger movement, which stressed reform rather than revolution, and blended science with reasonable religion. The book proceeds in roughly chronological fashion through three broad thematic sections. The first addresses Colden’s beginnings. Dixon places Colden in the dynamic world made by the expansion and consolidation of the British Atlantic Empire. Raised in Scotland, the son of a Presbyterian minister, Colden took an interest in natural philosophy and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Dixon casts Colden as a relentless and ambitious social climber. After failing to establish a medical practice in London, Colden sought opportunities across the Atlantic, ultimately settling in New York, where a combination of social grace and opportunism secured him the patronage of Governors Robert Hunter and William Burnet. These connections put him in touch with a transatlantic community of intellectuals, and earned him the lucrative position of surveyor general of New York. He became an authority on North American history and geography, authoring the History of the Five Indian Nations (1727). A paradoxical book that both praised Iroquois society and called for the expansion of the British Empire that threatened it, the work earned Colden a reputation across the Atlantic and cemented his place in the republic of letters.
Abstract LB073: The growth inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a great challenge for the treatment of cancer patients. COVID-19 presents as a severe respiratory infection in aging individuals, including lung cancer patients. COVID-19 may be linked to the progression of aggressive lung cancer. Conversely, the side effects of chemotherapy, such as chemotherapy resistance and the acceleration of cellular senescence could worsen COVID-19. Considering the above-mentioned facts, our present work aimed to investigate the role of paclitaxel (a chemotherapy drug) in the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells (PC9-MET) and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Methods: PC9-MET cells were treated with paclitaxel for 72 h and were then evaluated by a cell viability assay, DAPI staining, Giemsa staining, apoptosis assay, ROS assay, SA-β-Gal staining, TUNEL assay and Western blotting.Results: Our results revealed that paclitaxel significantly reduced the viability of PC9-MET cells and induced morphological signs of apoptosis. The apoptotic effects of paclitaxel were observed by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP. Additionally, paclitaxel increased ROS production, leading to DNA damage. Importantly, paclitaxel eliminated cellular senescence, which was observed by SA-β-Gal staining.Conclusion: In light of these findings, paclitaxel could be a promising anticancer drug and could offer a new therapeutic strategy for gefitinib-resistant NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Citation Format: Md Mohiuddin, Hideharu Kimura, Takashi Sone, Satoshi Watanabe, Hiroki Matsuoka, Keigo Saeki, Nanao Terada, Miki Abo, Kazuo Kasahara. The growth inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells during the COVID-19 pandemic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB073.
The Feminized Priest and the Female Outsider: Catholicism and Sexuality in Willa Cather’s Death Comes for the Archbishop

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As American writer Willa Cather's literary world expanded outward from the prairie in her later work, her fascination with the domestication of the New World took a decidedly religious turn. In Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927), Roman Catholicism becomes a major theme, and spiritual beliefs and values become important touchstones of cultural tension and transformation. Based on the lives of Frs. Machebeuf and Lamy, two of the first French missionary priests in New Mexico, Death Comes for the Archbishop presents vignettes from the lives of the fictional Frs. Latour and Vaillant as they struggle to infuse Catholic belief and ritual into the world of the indigenous peoples. A non-Catholic, Cather's considerable attention to Catholicism in these texts is note-worthy, as is her noticeable lack of interest in the strong, mature, female characters typically found in many of her other novels. In what follows, I explore the connections between femininity, Catholicism, and sexuality in Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop, attempting to entangle two disparate foci of Cather criticism: her expression of religious ideas and values, and her articulation of a sexual aesthetic. I argue that Cather's engagement of Catholicism gave her the opportunity to make a subtle cultural commentary on the historical perception of the lesbian in the 1920s through her exploration of the role of the feminized and female outsider in the domestication of the New World.
Stokes-vector direct detection for optical communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To cope with the exponential growth of the Internet traffic, optical communications has advanced by leaps and bounds. For several decades, Intensity modulation with direct detection (IM-DD) dominates the commercial short-reach optical communications. However, when upgrading the data-rate distance product to 1000 Gb/s·km per wavelength and beyond, IM-DD faces severe performance barrier. Aiming to improve the electrical SE and extend the transmission distance, advanced DD modulation formats have been proposed through a so-called self-coherent (SCOH) approach, where a carrier is transmitted together with the signal to achieve a linear mapping between the electrical baseband signal and the optical field. In that way, the impact of the CD can be removed from the received signal, greatly extending the transmission distance of the DD system. Particularly, Stokes-vector direct detection (SV-DD) has been proposed to realize linear complex optical channels as well as enhance the electrical spectral efficiency and transmission reach. In this talk, we present the principle and discuss the performance of SV-DD systems.
Synthesis and natural occurrence of (Z/E)-β-and γ-curcumen-12-ol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Z/E)-β-Curcumen-12-ol (Z/E)-( 1) was synthesized via Birch reduction of acid 6 starting from αcurcumene ( 5).An olefin isomerization of 1 is the key step in the synthesis of (Z/E)-γ-curcumen-12-ol (Z/E)-( 2).Sesquiterpene alcohol (E)-1 was found for the first time in nature as a minor constituent of different Santalum species by using the synthetic sample as reference.
Profiles of Resilience among Children Exposed to Non-Maltreatment Adverse Childhood Experiences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Considering the high prevalence and negative consequences of non-maltreatment adverse childhood experiences (NM-ACEs), it is critical to understand their impacts on the resilient functioning of young children. This study sought to examine heterogeneity in resilience among first-grade children who were exposed to NM-ACEs during kindergarten and explore demographic and adversity characteristics that distinguish between resilience profiles. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on 4929 children drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten (ECLS-K). The results of the LPA revealed four distinct resilience profiles: (1) low cognitive and executive functioning (4%); (2) low social and behavioral functioning (14%); (3) low average functioning (31%); and (4) multi-domain resilience (51%). Female children and those in families characterized by older maternal age, higher parental education level, household income above 200% federal poverty level, not receiving welfare benefits, and races other than Black were more likely to be in the multi-domain resilience profile. The findings highlight heterogeneity in resilience among children exposed to NM-ACEs and point to the need for a comprehensive, multi-domain assessment of child functioning to support optimal resilience development in this population.
Initial observations on the effects of varying levels of deciduous bankside vegetation on salmonid stocks in Irish waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The effects of varying levels of deciduous bankside vegetation on salmonid stocks in Irish rivers were investigated. In summertime, when marginal vegetation limited the extent of incident light reaching the river bed, a marked decline in both juvenile salmon, Salmo salar L., and juvenile and adult trout, Salmo trutta L., numbers were observed relative to stocks in adjacent areas with a less dense canopy. This appears to be a countrywide phenomenon in all available salmonid habitats. In the case of both juvenile salmon and all trout numbers a correlation is evident between the extent of shade, as measured in terms of the reduction in aquatic vegetation, and fish numbers, which fall as shade levels increase. Data also suggest that the length of tunnelled channel, upstream of tunnelled sites electrofished, seems to influence the standing crop of juvenile salmon with numbers of these fish falling with increasing tunnel length. This relationship is not evident in relation to trout numbers.