jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MONOZYGOSITY IN MONGOLOID TWINS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Monozygotic (or identical) twins among mongoloid imbeciles are rarely encountered. Of 16 reported cases of mongolism in both twins of the same sex (table 1), 3 of the pairs have been described as dizygoticand the remaining 13 as monozygotic. In the accounts of these cases, however, an adequate analysis of the type of twinning was given only by Lund and by Gordon and Fraser; so the true proportion of types is still a matter of doubt. The case to be reported here has been previously discussed by one of us (Miss Frumkin) from the psychologic angle, but no biologic analysis of the twins was made. Dr. Elizabeth Nesbitt brought us together. The biologic study of twins usually gives an accurate determination of the type of twinning (whether identical or fraternal), and in the case of twins with mongolism this analysis is most desirable before final conclusions are reached regarding
Bioactive secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes, Penicillium oxalicum and Phoma herbarum, associated with Morus nigra and Ficus sycomorus: an in silico study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two pure fungal strains were isolated and identified from Ficus sycomorus and Morus nigra , namely, Penicillium oxalicum (OR673586) and Phoma herbarum (OR673589), respectively.
Leg venous compliance in orthostatic intolerance before and after 14-day head-down bed rest.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To test the hypothesis that increased leg venous compliance (LVC) is one of the contributory factors to orthostatic intolerance (OI) after simulated microgravity, 28 healthy young males were exposed to a 14-day head-down bed rest, and LVC was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Orthostatic tolerance was evaluated by a 60 degree head-up tilt (HUT) for 15 min. Sixteen subjects suffered from OI after the bed rest. They were then divided into orthostatic tolerance (non-fainters, n=12) and intolerance (fainters, n=16) groups. We found that fainters had significantly larger LVC before bed rest (0.055 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.065 +/- 0.002 ml 100 ml-1 mm Hg-1, non-fainter vs. fainter; P < 0.05). After bed rest, LVC markedly increased in both groups. In all the subjects calf circumference was reduced on average by 4.7% and the percent change in LVC was negatively correlated with the percent change in calf circumference when all subjects' data were combined after bed rest (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). Our results did not support the hypothesis that increased LVC is the contributory factor to OI after a 14-day bed rest; however, the mechanisms behind the large LVC in the fainters before bed rest are unclear, and the initial LVC might be a predictive indicator for OI after microgravity exposure.
Family factors associated with adolescent self‐harm: a narrative review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This narrative literature review focuses on family factors that might be amenable to intervention using family therapy (n=126). Domains of interest include parent/child interactions, inter‐parental relationships, child characteristics, parental characteristics, wider system factors, treatment needs and moderators. The focus of family‐orientated treatment with this population should focus on maximizing cohesion, attachment, adaptability, family support, parental warmth while reducing maltreatment, scapegoating and moderating parental control. Close working relationships with child protection services and schools represent additional opportunities. Practitioner points Over and above any inherited risk, a range of family interactional factors are strongly associated with self‐harming behaviours in young people Therapy has the potential to make a positive difference by focusing on enhancing family cohesion and adaptability, whilst reducing discord and violence. Discussions that enhance perceived parental support and warmth may be particularly helpful Therapists should attend to issues of perceived difference and potential victimization (bullying, gender orientation and identity, ethnic minority status) as these may play an important role in self‐harm
[A successful case of repeated prosthetic valve re-replacement for somatic growth in childhood].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patient who had had systemic atrio-ventricular valve replacement with Björk-Shiley 19 M at the age of 4 years was treated successfully with repeated re-replacement with St. Jude Medical 23M and St. Jude Medical 27M at the age of 8 years and 16 years respectively, because of his somatic growth. Two size larger valve was easily replaced at each operation. The original disease of this patient was corrected transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and regurgitation of the left atrio-ventricular valve caused by Ebstain anomaly and severe pulmonary hypertension. This case revealed that the annulus of the atrio-ventricular valve would grow even when fixed to the prosthetic valve sawing ring, thereby permitting the use of a larger-sized valve at the time of second and third prosthetic valve re-replacement.
Evaluating the potential for micromobility in South Florida through a stated preference survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims aimed at evaluating the potential for micromobility in South Florida. The influential factors motivating users to switch to micromobility modes are investigated, utilizing a stated preference (SP) approach. The survey collected information on respondents’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, current modes of transportation, and mobility attitudes. Additionally, trip attributes for a recent journey were gathered to construct the SP scenarios. Analyzing the survey data using a mixed logit (ML) model revealed significant variables that influence users’ mode choice. The findings indicate that micromobility options are more likely to be adopted by younger, well-educated, and lower-income individuals, particularly students. Positive perceptions towards micromobility modes, alternative modes, and supportive infrastructure (e.g., ample bike lanes and parking facilities) serve as key motivators for individuals considering a switch to micromobility. Conversely, individuals who prefer vehicle ownership are less inclined to choose micromobility, and perceived reliability of micromobility plays a crucial role in discouraging its adoption. Nevertheless, improving infrastructure support and service design can help counter this effect, especially in offering safe alternatives for congested areas. Moreover, those expressing concerns about environmental impacts are more inclined to consider micromobility, suggesting that emphasizing the environmental benefits could promote greater usage of micromobility services.
Development of teacher beliefs through online instruction: A one-year study of middle school science and mathematics teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Understanding teachers’ beliefs is important because beliefs influence teacher decisions. In science, teacher beliefs impacts how science curriculum is interpreted and implemented in the classroom. With the push for STEM education in the United States, it is also critical to examine teacher beliefs of those that integrate science in the classroom. This study of N=21 middle school science and mathematics teachers’ beliefs in the United States found one year of a graduate online program that emphasized inquiry-based instruction and student-centered frames-of-mind influenced participants’ beliefs. Overall, all participants veered toward more student-centered beliefs. When types of beliefs were disaggregated, participants’ beliefs about teaching and beliefs about learning both veered towards more student-centered position. It was also found that teachers’ beliefs significantly changed regardless of years of experience. One surprising find was science teachers’ beliefs changed significantly while mathematics teachers’ beliefs did not. Findings from this study support the notion that formal knowledge impacts teacher beliefs.
Impact of Network Geometry on Large Networks with Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In wireless networks assisted by intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), jointly modeling the signal received over the direct and indirect (reflected) paths is a difficult problem. In this work, we show that the network geometry (locations of serving base station, IRS, and user) can be captured using the so-called triangle parameter $Δ$. We introduce a decomposition of the effect of the combined link into a signal amplification factor and an effective channel power coefficient $G$. The amplification factor is monotonically increasing with both the number of IRS elements $N$ and $Δ$. For $G$, since an exact characterization of the distribution seems unfeasible, we propose three approximations depending on the value of the product $NΔ$ for Nakagami fading and the special case of Rayleigh fading. For two relevant models of IRS placement, we prove that their performance is identical if $Δ$ is the same given an $N$. We also show that no gains are achieved from IRS deployment if $N$ and $Δ$ are both small. We further compute bounds on the diversity gain to quantify the channel hardening effect of IRSs. Hence only with a judicious selection of IRS placement and other network parameters, non-trivial gains can be obtained.
Adalimumab

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800–322–4349. The June 2003 monograph topics are aprepitant, gemifloxacin, desirudin for injection, gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution, and pegvisomant. The DUE is on aprepitant.
Acid redux: revisiting LSD use in therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently the use of hallucinogens in therapy has resurfaced in clinical research. Decades after dismissing Timothy Leary for his experiments, Harvard approved clinical trials using psilocybin (mushrooms) in therapy with terminally ill patients. This article re‐evaluates the research on LSD as a therapeutic element. A re‐assessment of the earlier legal research on hallucinogenic therapy reveals both limitations to and the possible utility of these therapies. In this article I focus primarily on three cases: Stanislav Grof’s work with LSD psychotherapy in a Freudian framework; research at the Mendota Mental Health Center on psychedelic therapy for alcoholics; and Harriet Whitehead’s discussion of Scientology auditing and Piagetian schemata. This article is divided into three sections: a review of sociological and pharmacological perspectives on psychedelic drugs; a discussion of therapies using LSD during the 1960s and 1970s; and an evaluation of this research in light of intellectual developments in the understanding of cognition. While early enthusiasm about the benefits of hallucinogenic therapy was overstated, LSD may still have some utility in therapy when combined with other elements of therapy.
Does female labor scarcity encourage innovation? Evidence from China's gender imbalance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper studies how the scarcity of different types of workers in a region shapes firm innovation across industries, using the unbalanced regional sex ratios in China as a source of identification strategy. The empirical results show that the shortage of female workers has spurred firms in female‐intensive industries to innovate more, particularly in industries with low substitution between female and male workers, consistent with the price effect of the directed technical change theory. In male‐intensive industries with high elasticity of substitution and regions with more skewed local sex ratios, firms are more innovative, demonstrating that the market size effect of the directed technical change theory is also at play.
Ixodid ticks avoid contact with liquid water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus and all life stages of the European sheep tick Ixodes ricinus avoid walking on a wet membrane surface surrounding a dry patch. Of 170 reactions made at a border with liquid water by 22 B. microplus larvae, 40 % consisted of immediate turns to the opposite side to bring all the legs back onto a dry patch, 41 % were walks along the border, during which the ticks maintained contact with both the dry and wet zones, and 19 % were returns to the dry patch after a short excursion onto the wet surround. Since contact with one front leg tip was sufficient to cause return reactions from the wet surface in most of the border contacts, the water receptor(s) that enable ticks to perceive the wet surface are probably located in terminal pore sensilla on the first-leg tarsi. Observations on the return reactions of ticks with different groups of chemosensilla masked confirmed this. Ticks have an ambiguous relationship with water: they appear to avoid direct contact with it, but they need a high humidity to compensate for any deficit in body water.
Banana Blast Caused by Pyricularia angulata Hashioka

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Banana blast was frequently encountered in greenhouses of Jeju province during a local survey of plan diseases from 1985 to 1986. The disease incidence on banana was very severe up to in a greenhouse. The causal fungus was identified as Pyricularia angulata Hashioka based on mycological characteristics and Path genicity of the fungus. The symptom of blast produced on leaves of banana was circular to oval, dark brow spots with yellow margins which measured 1-10mm in diameter, and the symptom on fruits was circular to oval reddish brown or dark brown, depressed spots which measured up to 20mm in diameter. The symptoms were scattered not only on leaves and fruits of banana but. also on petioles, leaf sheaths, bunch stalks and crowns The pathogen was characterized that conidia were hyaline, 2 septated, ovate to pyriform with a small hilum solitary at ends of den tides of conidiophores, and measured (average ) and conidiophores were mostly 2 septated, occasionally 2 or 3 branched, denticulate at the tips, and measured (average ). The optimum temperature range for mycelial growth of the fungus on PDA was . The result of pathogenicity tests revealed that P. angulata had pathogenicity only on banana. On the other hand Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc. isolated from Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scopo. was not pathogenic to banana. It was revealed that the leaves were the most susceptible to P. angulata among several parts of banana in inoculation tests. Thirty-day-old fruits of banana were more susceptible to the fungus than 60-day-old fruits, and bunch stalks were more susceptible than the fruits.
West Cleveland land use, circa 1550 to 1850

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Land use patterns were dominated, circa 1550, "by open-field systems comparable with those of the Midlands, but in which grassland" probably played a larger part. Diversity was introduced by demesne land, by several farmholds in partially enclosed townships and by land use in depopulated areas. On such farms, grass acreages were proportionally greater than in 'open' areas, but arable cultivation was not unknown. Enclosure was intensified during the seventeenth century, reaching its peek between 1620 and I67O: few open-fields survived after I70G. In the earlier eighteenth century the heavy clay soils of the vale were devoted mainly to butter production for the London market and to quality stock-breeding, especially of cattle and horses. Arable agriculture was a really restricted and conservative - improvement came very slowly. A revival of crop-farming (stimulated by rising prices) was apparent by 1790, increased in tempo during the Napoleonic Wars and, despite unfavourable economic circumstances, continued - to reach a maximum shortly before mid-century. Techniques were inadequate for the extensive arable culture of local soils: only the introduction of sown grasses, of under-draining and the growth of the markets of urban Teeside saved the area from disaster in the later nineteenth century. This sequence of changes, and the associated land use patterns, are traced from contemporary documents and illustrated by many sketch- maps. Causal factors - ecological, economic and social - are discussed at each stage in such detail as data permit. Characteristics both of change and continuity are examined, and the area's natural propensity for mixed farming established. During these three centuries, the cattle-orientated economy, which flourished circa 1720, appears to represent the optimum adjustment to the environment. Relative prosperity was greatest during this era, to which are to be dated the principal features of the modern rural landscape.
Development of an On-Line Image Scanning and Processing System,

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the development of an on-line scanning and processing system. The system consists of a modified Litton Model 1120 high-resolution flying spot-scanner, an ADAGE AGT-30 graphics computer, the scanner to computer interface and various display 1/0 devices. The system forms a major component of a laboratory for computer graphics and image processing. The design of the system permits scanning and image processing under interactive control. The report is divided into two parts. The first consists of a description of the hardware and the second, of the software thus far developed for on-line scanning.
Endovascular Therapy for the Management of Acute Ilio-femoral Deep Vein Thrombosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has a high rate of long-term morbidity in the form of the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Therefore, management of acute thrombosis should not only focus on the prevention of acute complications such as propagation or embolisation of the initial clot but also on preventing recurrent thrombosis and PTS. Contemporary catheter-based treatments of deep vein thrombosis have proven to be safe and effective in selected patients. Current guidelines recommend medical therapy with anticoagulation alone for all but the most severe, limb-threatening thrombosis. They additionally allow for consideration of endovascular catheter-based treatment in selected patients with acute proximal ilio-femoral DVT and low risk of bleeding complications to prevent PTS. Imaging-guided, catheter-based endovascular therapy has been used in selected patients to alleviate these sequelae, but important questions remain about their optimal use. In this article, we review the available evidence and summarize the rationale for use of catheter-based therapy in specific patient groups with acute iliofemoral DVT.
Cancer Proteomics for Biomarker Development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is a diverse disease, and biomarkers reflecting this diversity will lead to better therapeutic strategies. By linking proteomic data and clinico-pathological parameters, we are identifying proteins informative for features of clinical relevance to cancer patients. To obtain proteome data, we developed a large format system for two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and an application of highly sensitive fluorescent dye for laser microdissection. Following the comprehensive proteome study of more than 1,000 surgical specimens and corresponding clinico-pathological data, we concluded that the proteome reflects the major cancer phenotypes such as histological differentiation, poor prognosis, and response to treatment. Furthermore, we found that certain single proteins predict the clinical outcome in many types of malignancies including esophageal cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. By monitoring biomarker proteins to predict the clinical outcome, we will be able to optimize the therapeutic strategy, either by intensifying treatment or by avoiding over-treatment. The results of the cancer proteomics studies are integrated into a proteome database named Genome Medicine Database of Japan Proteomics. The above establish proteomics as a primary tool in the development of novel diagnostic modalities for personalized medicine.
Web 2.0 in Corporate Training: New Possibilities for Implementing e-learning within Organisations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Web 2.0 tools offer both corporate training and online education in general the possibility of developing and applying new educational approaches. Its eminently social and participative orientation favors networking and aids the establishment of informal teaching-learning processes. This way of working and of learning can be channeled in organizations through 2.0 corporate training systems. In this paper, we set out a participative intervention method geared towards each organization defining, developing and applying its own model, while at the same time acquiring the necessary skills to consolidate it and allow it to evolve.
TBCRC-010: Phase I/II Study of Dasatinib in Combination with Zoledronic Acid for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption through src kinase releases growth factors, sustaining bone metastases. This trial determined the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and clinical efficacy of the src kinase inhibitor dasatinib combined with zoledronic acid in bone predominant, HER2-negative breast cancer metastases. Experimental Design: A 3+3 lead in phase I design confirmed the RP2D allowing activation of the single-arm, phase II trial. Zoledronic acid was administered intravenously on day 1, and dasatinib was given orally once daily for 28 days each cycle as twice daily administration caused dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Response was assessed every three cycles. N-telopeptide (NTx) was serially measured. Results: A total of 25 patients were enrolled. No DLTs were noted at the RP2D of dasatinib = 100 mg/d. Common adverse events were grade 1–2: rash (9/25, 36%), fatigue (9/25, 36%), pain (9/25, 36%), nausea (6/25, 20%). The objective response rate in bone was 5/22 (23%), all partial responses (PR). The clinical benefit rate [PRs + stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 months] in bone was 8/22 (36%). Median time to treatment failure was 2.70 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84–5.72] in the general cohort, 3.65 months (95% CI, 1.97–7.33) in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer and 0.70 months (95% CI, 0.30–NA) in those with HR-negative disease. Factors associated with response in bone included lower tumor grade, HR-positive status, and pretreatment high NTx levels. Conclusions: Combination therapy was well tolerated and produced responses in bone in patients with HR-positive tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5706–12. ©2016 AACR.