jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Global and Local Structure Preserving Sparse Subspace Learning: An Iterative Approach to Unsupervised Feature Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As we aim at alleviating the curse of high-dimensionality, subspace learning is becoming more popular. Existing approaches use either information about global or local structure of the data, and few studies simultaneously focus on global and local structures as the both of them contain important information. In this paper, we propose a global and local structure preserving sparse subspace learning (GLoSS) model for unsupervised feature selection. The model can simultaneously realize feature selection and subspace learning. In addition, we develop a greedy algorithm to establish a generic combinatorial model, and an iterative strategy based on an accelerated block coordinate descent is used to solve the GLoSS problem. We also provide whole iterate sequence convergence analysis of the proposed iterative algorithm. Extensive experiments are conducted on real-world datasets to show the superiority of the proposed approach over several state-of-the-art unsupervised feature selection approaches.
Comprehensive Reform to Improve Health System Performance in Mexico

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite having achieved an average life expectancy of 75 years, much the same as that of more developed countries, Mexico entered the 21st century with a health system marred by its failure to offer financial protection in health to more than half of its citizens; this was both a result and a cause of the social inequalities that have marked the development process in Mexico. Several structural limitations have hampered performance and limited the progress of the health system. Conscious that the lack of financial protection was the major bottleneck, Mexico has embarked on a structural reform to improve health system performance by establishing the System of Social Protection in Health (SSPH), which has introduced new financial rules and incentives. The main innovation of the reform has been the Seguro Popular (Popular Health Insurance), the insurance-based component of the SSPH, aimed at funding health care for all those families, most of them poor, who had been previously excluded from social health insurance. The reform has allowed for a substantial increase in public investment in health while realigning incentives towards better technical and interpersonal quality. This paper describes the main features and initial results of the Mexican reform effort, and derives lessons for other countries considering health-system transformations under similarly challenging circumstances.
Safety and efficacy of conversion to once-daily tacrolimus from twice-daily tacrolimus in pediatric liver transplant recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Nonadherence of immunosuppression is the most common cause of late acute rejection in pediatric liver recipients.Simpler dosing regimens promote better compliance behavior, especially in pediatric patients.Methods: We screened 182 pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients converted from twice daily tacrolimus (TD-TAC, Prograf) to once daily tacrolimus (OD-TAC, Advagraf) between February 2011 and September 2019.Tacrolimus trough levels, doses of tacrolimus, and liver function tests (LFT) were recorded in 3 months intervals 18 months before and after conversion.Results: One hundred and seventy-nine patients were converted to OD-TAC and followed for 18 months.One hundred and fifty-four out of 179 patients (86.0%) converted to OD-TAC and were uneventful during follow-up.Twenty-one patients had LFT elevation above 80 U/L.These patients' LFT normalized after OD-TAC dose adjustment (n=12) or switching back to TD-TAC (n=9).Four patients had biopsy-proven acute rejection within 6 months after conversion, and all of which were successfully treated with steroid pulse.Currently, 166 out of 179 patients (92.7%) remain on OD-TAC and 13 patients (7.3%) were switched back to TD-TAC.Mean tacrolimus trough level significantly decreased at 3 months (3.14±1.9ng/mL) following conversion compared to pre-conversion level (3.69±1.98 ng/mL).Mean tacrolimus trough levels remained unchanged from 3 to 12 months following conversion.Mean daily tacrolimus dosage was increased from pre-conversion dosage (1.60±1.29 mg) to initial conversion dose (1.76±1.31mg) and once again at 3 months (1.80±1.23 mg) following conversion.Tacrolimus dosage remained unchanged from 3 to 12 months.Percent coefficient of variation of tacrolimus trough levels was significantly decreased from 32.5±16.4 to 27.5±15.6ng/ mL after conversion to OD-TAC, reflecting the decrease in variation of tacrolimus trough levels following conversion.Conclusions: Conversion to OD-TAC in pediatric LT recipients with stable graft function is safe and effective.
Comparison of Balloon Catheter Ablation Technologies for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: The Laser Versus Cryo Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laser‐ Versus CryoBalloon for PVI Introduction Balloon catheters have been developed to facilitate pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). We sought to compare the safety and efficacy of the cryoballoon (CB) and the laserballoon (LB) in a pilot study. Methods and Results One hundred and forty patients with drug‐refractory PAF were prospectively allocated in a 1:1 fashion to undergo a PVI procedure with the 28 mm CB or the LB and were followed for 12 months using 3‐day Holter ECG recording. The primary efficacy endpoint was a documented AF recurrence ≥30 seconds between 90 and 365 days after the index ablation. In total, 269 of 270 PVs (99.6%) and 270 of 273 PVs (98.9%) were acutely isolated in the CB and LB group, respectively. Mean procedural time was 136 ± 30 minutes for the CB group and 144 ± 33 minutes for the LB group (P = 0.13). Mean fluoroscopy time was longer in the CB group (21 ± 9 minutes vs 15 ± 6 minutes; P < 0.001). During 12 months follow‐up, 37% of patients in the CB group and 27% in the LB group experienced an AF recurrence (P = 0.18). Phrenic nerve palsies occurred in 5.7% (CB) and 4.2% (LB) of patients, respectively. Conclusion Balloon catheters are a viable option to safely perform a PVI procedure in patients with drug‐refractory PAF. Ninety‐nine percent of PVs may be acutely isolated with a single balloon catheter. The AF free survival rate after a single ablation procedure was not statistically different between groups.
exBERT: A Visual Analysis Tool to Explore Learned Representations in Transformers Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large language models can produce powerful contextual representations that lead to improvements across many NLP tasks. Since these models are typically guided by a sequence of learned self attention mechanisms and may comprise undesired inductive biases, it is paramount to be able to explore what the attention has learned. While static analyses of these models lead to targeted insights, interactive tools are more dynamic and can help humans better gain an intuition for the model-internal reasoning process. We present exBERT, an interactive tool named after the popular BERT language model, that provides insights into the meaning of the contextual representations by matching a human-specified input to similar contexts in a large annotated dataset. By aggregating the annotations of the matching similar contexts, exBERT helps intuitively explain what each attention-head has learned.
Identity work during strategic change: Coping strategies, dynamics and complexities. Case Aalto Univeristy School of Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract\n\nObjectives\n\nThe purpose of the study was to contribute to a better understanding of the intra-organizational identity work during strategic change. Based on earlier research strategic change is known to cause disruption to the members ongoing identity work in an organization. The aim of this study was to find out how the new strategy and organizational identity were interpreted among the members of the organization, and what kind of disruptions did the new identity-challenging strategy and the new managerially imposed self-identities induce in the ongoing identity work of the members of the organization. Also the aim was to find out, in what kind of coping strategies and identity-work projects did the employees engaged themselves in order to make sense of the changes in identity of the organization, the new imposed self-identities and the new values of the organization presented to them through strategic communication and experienced in day-today practices and policies. \n\nData and Methods\n\nThe source of the data in the qualitative single case study carried out consisted of 7 semi-structured interviews conducted among Aalto University School of Business faculty. The theoretical framework of the study was combined from the theories of identity work, and by adopting a practitioner perspective on the strategy-as-practice and sensemaking theory. The method of the analysis was drawn from the theories of strategy-as-practice as a narrative process.\n\n\nFindings and Conclusions\n\nIntensified identity work was found in the Case organization enhanced by the strategic change. Based on the analysis, four different coping strategies or identity projects could be identified. The types were resistance, cynicism, sarcasm and positive coping strategy or the "strategy champion". Each type saw the new strategy of the University and the imposed self-identity in a unique way. Identity work and strategy work seemed to be closely intertwined. Identity work is not only caused by the official strategy texts, but more by the "real" day-to-day practices and policies that reveal the core values of the strategy that are being implemented.
JOINING FORCES: BANK AND TRANSIT SMART CARD SOLUTIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A variety of factors, including the necessity to reduce passenger crowding at ticket gates, the need to find a cashless alternative to handling currency, and the ability to capture rider demographics, are driving the demand for an intelligent, fast, secure, and flexible ticketing system. These needs are even greater in multi-modal, mass transit transport systems. Both the demand and requirements for new solutions have been shaped by developments in smart card technologies, taking intelligent transport systems into a new era in which banks are playing a key role. Banks and mass transit operations are working to increase the use of stored value or electronic purse systems, allowing for elimination of the traditional need to purchase tickets and pay at the gate. Newly developed hybrid and dual-interface smart card technologies are helping facilitate this transition which will have benefits for both transit operations and riders alike.
High Efficacy of Combination Therapy with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Hemophiliacs with Chronic Hepatitis C.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin is the standard treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C. In a multicenter open trial, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of this treatment in 78 HIV negative hemophiliacs (age: 20–64 years) with persistently high transaminase values. Sixty-four were naïve and 14 were relapsers to IFN monotherapy. Cirrhosis was clinically detected in 12 patients (15%). HCV genotype was 1 in 69%, 2a/c in 14%, 3a in 14% and 4 in 3%. Peg-IFN alpha-2b was given subcutaneously at doses of 1.5 mcg/Kg/week for 48 weeks in genotypes 1 and 4 and for 24 weeks in genotypes 2 and 3; oral ribavirin at 800–1200 mg/day based on body weight. Treatment was stopped in patients with polymerase chain reaction positive HCV-RNA at month 6. Results: 11 patients (14%) withdrew for side effects (4) or non-compliance (7). Neutropenia (&lt;500 cells/mmc), decompensated diabetes, ALT flares, and vomiting not responding to antiemetic drugs were reasons for treatment discontinuation. The median fall in hemoglobin levels was 3.1 g/dL. Weight loss (38%), fatigue (33%) and cephalalgia (15%) were frequent side effects. Thirty-two patients (41%) required dose reduction of ribavirin (23, 29%) or Peg-IFN (20, 26%). At the end of the 6-month follow-up, sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 43 patients (55%): 40/64 naïve (63%) and 3/14 relapsers (21%, p = 0.007). Five patients (6%), all relapsers to IFN monotherapy, had a virological breakthrough during treatment and 4 (5%) relapsed during the post-treatment follow-up period. SVR was obtained in 86% genotypes 2/3 and 43% genotypes 1/4 (p = 0.001). Predictors of SVR were evaluated by univariate analysis in the 64 naïve patients. SVR was significantly associated with HCV infection type 2 and 3 (86% vs 50% in HCV type 1 and 4; p = 0.008), absence of cirrhosis (97.5% vs 75% in non-responders; p = 0.02) and higher pre-treatment serum ALT levels (111 vs 75 IU/L in non-responders; p = 0.02). SVR rates did not differ in relation to patient’s age, pretreatment HCV viremia, median disease duration and compliance to full-dose treatment. Conclusions: combination therapy with Peg-IFN plus ribavirin is the recommended therapeutic option for hemophiliacs with hepatitis C chronic infection. Relapsers to IFN monotherapy may benefit of re-treatment with Peg-IFN plus ribavirin achieving at least 20% SVR. Genotype 2 and 3 infection is the most significant predictor of SVR.
Nonlinear dynamics in closed-loop anesthesia: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model under PID-feedback

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The problem of finding admissible tunings for a PID-controller for automatic neuromuscular blockade drug administration in closed-loop anesthesia is considered. A conventional compartmental pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model with Wiener structure under a PID feedback is analyzed in order to discern the safe intervals of the controller parameters that are free of complex dynamics phenomena. The analysis shows that the closed-loop system undergoes Andronov-Hopf bifurcation at a point in the model parameter space giving rise to nonlinear oscillations, as previously observed in surgical practice. For higher, but still feasible values of the Hill function parametrizing the static nonlinearity, deterministic chaos can arise in the closed loop for lower concentrations of the anesthetic drug.
Eco-Innovation and Knowledge Management: How Are These Practices Related?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article aims to analyze, using three different tools, the relationship between the practices of eco-innovation and knowledge management (KM). It is known that the commitment of top management through education, training, and deep intervention in the organizational culture, organizational change is essential for the implementation of environmental management systems. Due to the importance of these aspects, management should promote the creation of knowledge. As a way to demonstrate the relationship that is the subject of research, the S Curve of innovation, the Standard Design Process Form (SDPS) and the PIT Diagram (Product Ideas Tree) are studied. These methodologies were selected in order to characterize and enlighten the process of generating ideas in the eco-innovation. In addition to the relationships found between the KM and eco-innovation, a set of five assumptions is listed in order to emphasize the results found in the discussion.
Lessons Learned from Experiential Group Work Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study evaluated the efficacy of student-led support groups designed to increase students' perceived knowledge of social group work. The student groups described here were based on theories of experiential learning described by Kolb and colleagues. The mixed-method evaluation used Clements' 17-item scale to measure readiness for group practice and narrative journal entries submitted by students about their experiences in the class. This was part of a larger study to determine whether student-led support groups decreased levels of stress among BSW students. Although limited in scope, this research suggests that student-led groups may improve BSW students' knowledge, skills, and readiness for group work practice.
Development of a Low-cost Positioning System Using OEM GPS Receivers and Usability in Surveying Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY In this paper, a cost-effective positioning system which utilizes different low-cost Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) GPS Receivers, i.e. Garmin GPS25-HVS and Magellan Professional AC12, is introduced and examined for potential use in surveying applications. The developed positioning system is tested with several field measurements to assess the performance of the system for various baseline lengths (i.e. about 6 km, 29.2 km and 50.6 km) and occupation time (from 30 minutes to several hours) in static mode. The research and analysis carried out in this study showed that, centimetre-level positioning accuracy can be routinely achieved with such a low-cost system, which meets the requirements of a number of surveying and GIS applications. Results also showed that, using such a low-cost system would decrease the cost of surveying tasks; therefore, it can be regarded as a strong economical alternative to the geodetic-grade GPS receivers. This paper presents the study results of the developed low-cost positioning systems and tests procedures and their results.
The Effect of Galiber Media on Thematic Learning on Student Learning Outcomes for Class IV

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to increase knowledge about the results of the pretest and posttest when not using galiber teaching media in achieving thematic learning scores. As well as to describe the effect of using galiber media on thematic learning achievement. This study uses a quantitative research approach with the type of Pre-Experimental Design. Held at SDIT As-sakienah Tugu Sliyeg Indramayu. The sample in this study used one class, namely 24 fourth grade students including 12 girls and 12 boys. The division was arranged into two meetings, at the first meeting the students in the learning process used conventional methods, then for the next meeting the learning process used galiber media. The tools in this study were the pretest and the posttest. Data analysis techniques include: (1) Normality Test and (2) Hypothesis Testing or T-Test, analyzing this data using descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis on PC contributions through IBM SPSS STATISTICS 25. The results of this study can be concluded that the skills of capturing material thematically after using galiber media in class IV SDIT As-sakienah proved that there was a significant difference, namely < 0.001 which was less than the 0.05 significance (0.000 < 0.05), so the hypothesis (H1) in this study was declared accepted.
Analytical Modeling of Coated Plasmonic Particles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Biomedical applications of plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) conjugates need control over their optical properties modulated by surface coating with stabilizing or targeting molecules often attached to or embedded in the secondary functionalization shell, such as silica. Although current numerical techniques can simulate the plasmonic response of such structures, it is desirable in practice to have analytical models based on simple physical ideas that can be implemented without considerable computer resources. Here, we present two efficient analytical methods based on improved electrostatic approximation (IEA) and modal expansion method (MEM) combined with the dipole equivalence method. The last approach avoids additional electromagnetic simulations and provides a direct bridge between analytical IEA and MEM models for bare particles and those with multilayer shells. As simple as the original IEA and MEM, the developed analytical extensions provide accurate extinction and scattering spectra for coated particles compared to exact calculations by separation of variable method and COMSOL. The possibility and accuracy of analytical models are illustrated by extensive simulations for prolate and oblate gold and silver NPs with a maximal size of up to 200 nm, aspect ratio from 2 to 6, and 3–30 nm dielectric coating.
Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Variety Adaptation Trial for Moisture Stress Areas at Yabello District, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The field experiment was conducted at Yabello Onsite for three years; 2018, 2019 and 2023 on main cropping seasons. Six bread wheat varieties were evaluated. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment was objected to increase production and productivity of bread wheat and recommend best variety for agro-pastoralists and farmers in lowland agro-ecology and specifically to identify cultivars with better adaptability, high yielder and tolerant to drought. The combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference among varieties in yield and yield related traits in all cropping years. The highest grain yield was obtained from “Amibara-2” variety (3918.2 kg/ha) followed by “Fentalle-2” (3700.5&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;kg/ha) while the lowest grain yield was recorded from werer-2 variety (3073.8 kg/ha). The result of the experiment suggests conducting research work on adaption trials of different crop enhances production and productivity for end users. Therefore, the identified varieties were suggested for further demonstration and popularization in Borana lowland and areas with similar agro-ecology.
Estimating network degree distributions under sampling: An inverse problem, with applications to monitoring social media networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Networks are a popular tool for representing elements in a system and their interconnectedness. Many observed networks can be viewed as only samples of some true underlying network. Such is frequently the case, for example, in the monitoring and study of massive, online social networks. We study the problem of how to estimate the degree distribution - an object of fundamental interest - of a true underlying network from its sampled network. In particular, we show that this problem can be formulated as an inverse problem. Playing a key role in this formulation is a matrix relating the expectation of our sampled degree distribution to the true underlying degree distribution. Under many network sampling designs, this matrix can be defined entirely in terms of the design and is found to be ill-conditioned. As a result, our inverse problem frequently is ill-posed. Accordingly, we offer a constrained, penalized weighted least-squares approach to solving this problem. A Monte Carlo variant of Stein's unbiased risk estimation (SURE) is used to select the penalization parameter. We explore the behavior of our resulting estimator of network degree distribution in simulation, using a variety of combinations of network models and sampling regimes. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of our method to accurately reconstruct the degree distributions of various sub-communities within online social networks corresponding to Friendster, Orkut and LiveJournal. Overall, our results show that the true degree distributions from both homogeneous and inhomogeneous networks can be recovered with substantially greater accuracy than reflected in the empirical degree distribution resulting from the original sampling.