jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of light flash signatures using optical-fiber pyrometer detectors during hypervelocity impact

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Impact light flash is an intense light flash released when a target is impacted by a hypervelocity projectile. Light flash is caused by emissions from a jet of shocked material which is thrown from the impact site. Impact light flash phenomenology is now being considered for applications where remote diagnostics are required to observe and diagnose impacts on satellites and spacecraft. Additionally, this phenomena and remote diagnostics are under consideration for deep space exploration and missile defense applications. Currently, optical signatures created from hypervelocity impact can be utilized as the basis for detectors (spectrometers, pyrometers), which characterize the material composition and temperature. To establish this capability technically in the laboratory, we have conducted a series of experiments on a two-stage light gas gun at impact velocities ranging from 1.96 to 4.21 km/s. The focus of this work is to develop a flash signatures collected methods for use as a reliable light flash, and late time radiating evolution to characterize material behavior in the shocked and expanding state; ascertain scaling of light flash with impact velocity, and determine the temperature of the impact flash resulting from radiating emissions when photomultiplier tube (PMT) are used in conjunction with narrow band pass filtering at specific wavelengths as a pyrometer. The results of these experiments are discussed in detail using natural dolomite target.
‘Orwellian’ Discourse in ELT: a Threat to Professional Diversity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The diversity of opinion about pedagogy within ELT (English Language Teaching) makes it essential that its professional discourse is sufficiently inclusive. However, this often fails to occur because ELT professional discussion is frequently too ‘Orwellian’ in nature, i.e. behaves in a manner resembling the political structures in the novel ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ (Orwell, 1949). For example, a form of professional ‘newspeak’ often exists, whereby meanings of words are aligned with ‘approved’ ways of thinking, such as in the use of the term ‘authentic’. A second frequent occurrence is ‘thoughtcrime’ (views contrary to those of the ‘ruling party’ being seen as unacceptable). The over-promotion of task-based learning can be seen as often taking such a form. Third, ‘doublethink’ (simultaneously believing in two contradictory ideas) is all too common, as in the advocacy of professional inclusivity, on the one hand, and the rejection of ‘English as a Native Language’ (ENL) as a pedagogical model on the other. As a result of such forms of ‘thought control’, a number of valid professional pedagogical perspectives are denigrated. The paper concludes by discussing how a less Orwellian and more representative form of professional discourse might be created.
How colorful is visual experience? Evidence from gaze-contingent virtual reality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As soon as an observer opens their eyes, they have the immediate impression of a rich, colorful experience that encompasses their entire visual world. Here, we show that this impression is false. We used gaze-contingent rendering in immersive virtual reality (VR) to reveal the limits of color awareness during real-world visual experience. We exploited recent developments in head-mounted VR to immerse observers (N=160) in dynamic, audio-visual, real-world environments (e.g., a symphony rehearsal, etc.). Observers naturally explored these environments in whatever way they chose via saccades and head turns. Meanwhile, we monitored their gaze with in-headset eye tracking. Then, with observers having no expectation that anything different was about to occur, we altered the visual environments such that only the parts of the scene they were looking directly at were presented in color. The rest of the scene in the periphery was entirely desaturated. Overall, we found that observers routinely failed to notice when color completely vanished from the overwhelming majority of their visual world. In the most extreme case, almost a third of observers failed to notice when less than 3% of the visual world was presented in color, while everything else was desaturated. However, when those observers were shown the same displays a second time and instructed to attend to their periphery, every observer immediately detected the altered periphery and was astonished that they did not previously notice. In a second study (N=20), we measured color detection thresholds using a staircase procedure while observers attended to the periphery. Once again, we found that observers were unaware when a large portion of their field of view was presented in greyscale. Together, these results provide the first measurements of color awareness during active, naturalistic viewing conditions, and show that our intuitive sense of a rich, colorful visual world is largely incorrect.
Facile and Fast Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Fractal Zinc Structures through a Solution Phase Reaction and Their Conversion to Zinc Oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report a novel method for the synthesis of fractal Zn structures through a solution phase reaction. An Al-film-deposited substrate was immersed in an aqueous ammonia solution containing Zn ions and maintained at 95 degrees C for 5 min. After the reaction, the Al-deposited side of the substrate was found to be covered with fractal Zn structures. These Zn structures are highly oriented, and the Zn(002) planes are parallel to the substrate. They are single-crystalline and the average thickness of the plates is approximately 50 nm. On the basis of our results, we propose a mechanism for the spontaneous growth of such fractal Zn structures. Single-crystalline fractal ZnO structures can also be obtained by calcination of the as-synthesized fractal Zn crystals at 500 degrees C for 5 h in air. These fractal ZnO structures are highly oriented and inherit their morphologies from the Zn structures.
Alteration of nuclear distribution in B-mutant strains of Schizophyllum Commune

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Sexual morphogenesis in Schizophyltum commune, a higher basidiomycete, is controlled by two incompatibility factors, A and B. A key event, the migration of nuclei from each mate throughout the mycelium of the other, is controlled by the B factor and occurs in A = B ‡ = matings. The distribution of nuclei in the resulting heterokaryon is irregular, and anucleate, uninucleate, binucleate and multinucleate cells are found. A similar distribution of nuclei is found in homokaryons carrying a mutation in the B factor. Because of their developmental history, strains that carry a mutated B factor offer a relatively simple system for the study of the events associated with nuclear migration. Growth of mutant-B germlings occurs in three stages: (I) most cells are binucleate; (II) most cells are uninucleate; (III) cells contain varied numbers of nuclei. The ratio of nuclei: cells remains constant during the transition from stage II to stage III. Changes in nuclear distribution result from movement of the nuclei from cell to cell, and the movement is associated with the disruption of the dolipore septum. The mutant-B system appears to offer an opportunity for the biochemical resolution of the events related to nuclear migration.
WA : 0853-1102-5193. Daftar Harga Jual Jam Digital Masjid Tukdana

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

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Increased expression of the P2Y12 receptor is involved in the failure of autogenous arteriovenous fistula caused by stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the role of the P2Y12 receptor in autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure resulting from stenosis. Stenotic venous tissues and blood samples were obtained from patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) together with AVF stenosis, while venous tissues and blood samples were collected from patients with ESRD undergoing initial AVF surgery as controls. Immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to assess the expression of P2Y12, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and CD68 in the venous tissues. The expression levels of P2Y12, TGFβ1, and MCP-1 were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Double and triple immunofluorescence staining was performed to precisely localize the cellular localization of P2Y12 expression. Expression levels of P2Y12, TGFβ1, MCP-1, and CD68 were significantly higher in stenotic AVF venous tissues than in the control group tissues. Double and triple immunofluorescence staining of stenotic AVF venous tissues indicated that P2Y12 was predominantly expressed in α-SMA-positive vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and, to a lesser extent, in CD68-positive macrophages, with limited expression in CD31-positive endothelial cells. Moreover, a subset of macrophage-like VSMCs expressing P2Y12 were observed in both stenotic AVF venous tissues and control venous tissues. Additionally, a higher number of P2Y12+/TGF-β1+ double-positive cells were identified in stenotic AVF venous tissues than in the control group tissues. Increased expression of P2Y12 in stenotic AVF venous tissues of patients with ESRD suggests its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of venous stenosis within AVFs.
Skin damage due to personal protective equipment among health-care professionals in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital of tribal India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Health-care professionals (HCPs) are at much greater risk of infection due to the exposure to the highly infectious bodily fluids and droplet nuclei and needed use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce the transmission risk. The present study was conducted with an aim of estimating the prevalence of various types of skin injuries among HCPs due to PPE usage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining the institutional ethical approval in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital for a period of 4 months among 276 HCPs wearing grade 2 and 3 PPE kit. The survey questionnaire (Google Forms) was focused on collecting the subject's baseline data (age and gender), duty hours, and type of skin injury experienced due to PPE usage. Chi-square analysis was used to find the association of between dependent and independent variables, and an association was significant for P < 0.05. RESULTS: 51.5% of subjects wore the PPE kit for 5 or more days/week during duty hours and 64.5% of subjects daily wore the PPE kit for 2 or more hours. 81.7% of subjects have suffered from skin injury after PPE usage. The most common symptom/sign for the skin injury that occurred was indentation and pain on the back of the ears (61.5%). CONCLUSION: The frequent skin injuries due to PPE among the HCPs might make them anxious and reduce their morale at work place, so an effective preventive measure should be adopted.
“I satt and saw”: Negotiating the Gaze in the Travel Writings of Anthony Munday and Thomas Dallam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In “eyewitness” accounts of the Mediterranean by Anthony Munday and Thomas Dallam, assertions of allegiance to Elizabethan England are destabilised by the physicality of “looking.” Early modern theories of vision and post-Reformation constructions of the viewed contributed to conceptualisations of objectified spectacle as a source of physical threat to the viewer. This article explores Munday’s and Dallam’s negotiations of the physicality of visual experiences as these authors participate in interactive modes of viewing demanded by the rituals and ceremonies of strangers. Witnessing a Jesuit at the English college in Rome whipping himself before devotional objects, Munday’s emphasis on his physical difference to the Jesuit reproduces the idolatrous interaction with the viewed that this author critiques. Describing his presentation of a mechanical organ to the Sultan Mehmed III at Constantinople in 1599, Dallam’s spectatorship is distorted as he becomes a functional part of the ceremonial display of this instrument.
Forest bathing opportunities as a new trend of tourism in Indonesia on the new and next normal era

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a change in tourism and a shift in tourist preferences. Forest Bathing as NEWA (Nature, Eco, Wellness and Adventure) is predicted to become a new tourism trend. Thies article discusses how tourists are becoming aware of healthy living behaviors and the need to release boredom and stress due to staying at home too long. The vast forest landscape and the high diversity of biodiversity in Indonesia are the principal capital for the development of Forest Bathing. This article uses a literature study method by studying books and scientific articles related to Forest Bathing. This article aims to introduce Forest Bathing tourism activities and their potential in Indonesia, find potential locations for Forest Bathing, and prepare human resources and supporting facilities. This article is expected to make a theoretical contribution to improving forest sustainability through the development of Forest Healing activities by forest communities and other relevant stakeholders.
ASSESSMENT OF CROSS-BORDER TRANSFERS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EAEU

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article is aimed at assessment of cross-border transfers of individuals and legal entities that are carried out between Russia and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The volume of cross-border transfers and their dynamics for 2014-2018 are assessed, the geographical and currency structure of cross-border transfers are investigated. The factors affecting the pace of change and the direction of the dynamics of cross-border transfers between Russia and the EAEU member countries are identified. These factors include migration processes, changes in the dollar equivalent of wages, the development of domestic payment systems and their implementation in neighboring countries, resulting in the development of competition payment systems and the reduction of tariffs for their services, and others. It was revealed that the largest volumes of transfers of individuals from Russia are made in relation to Kyrgyzstan and Armenia. But revenues to Russia in favor of individuals are predominant from Kazakhstan...
Strength and deformation characteristics of shredded rubber tire sand mixtures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The volume of scrap tires, an undesired urban waste, is increasing every year. One of the possible alternatives for this waste is to use shredded tires alone or mixed with soil as a lightweight backfill. This paper presents the results of triaxial tests on compacted shredded rubber tire  sand mixtures. The tests were carried out with different mixing ratios of shredded rubber tires and sand. With an increasing proportion of sand in the mixture, the density, unit weight, and shear strength of the mixture increased, but the compressibility decreased. The dilatancy characteristics of shredded rubber tires mixed sand were relatively similar to a cohesionless material and can be explained within a critical state framework. A proposed constitutive model broadly captures the strength and deformation characteristics of a shredded rubber tire  sand mixture at different mixing ratios.Key words: shredded rubber tires, triaxial testing, constitutive model.
The Role of Cultural Factors in Paranoid Psychosis Among the Yoruba Tribe

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is certainly noteworthy that, during the last few decades, whatever the contributory forces, more and more emphasis is being placed on the contention that man is a social being and that his individuality as a person is meaningful only in terms of his relations with others. Mead (1947) has shown that man as a social being is subjected “throughout his entire individual existence to systematic cultural pressures” which reinforce or intensify, elaborate or suppress his psycho-biological potentialities in a way which not only refutes the false belief in the uniformity of human behaviour but reveals also its most extreme types.
Social work in a superdiverse society: an exploration of cooperation in professional practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Superdiversity is a rapidly expanding social phenomenon with major implications for social work practice. In this paper, we outline the key characteristics of superdiversity as it is currently understood and explore its implications for social work practice. Drawing on the seminal work of Richard Sennett we consider how his conceptual ideas about cooperation, as a vehicle for embracing difference through dialogue, can be translated into everyday social work practice in contexts of superdiversity. Empirical research into contemporary social work practice with urban migrant communities provides rich illustrations of the intricacies of social workers’ cooperative mindsets and skillsets and their capacity to respond to the challenges that superdiversity poses to professional practice. This paper considers the affordances of this conceptual approach for social work and superdiversity and closes with an affirmative rallying call to cooperative action and a re-conceptualisation of cooperation based on embracing difference.
Active faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New knowledge from theMW 7.3 earthquake of 22 November 1995

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract On 22 November 1995 the largest earthquake instrumentally recorded in the area, with magnitude MW 7.3, occurred in the Gulf of Aqaba. The main rupture corresponding to the strike-slip mechanism is located within the gulf of Aqaba, which forms the marine extension of the Levantine fault, also known as the Dead Sea fault. The Levantine fault accommodates the strike-slip movement between the African plate and the Arabian plate. The Gulf of Aqaba itself is usually described as the succession of three deep pull-apart basins, elongated in the N-S direction. Concerning historical seismicity, only two large events have been reported for the last 2000 years, but they are still poorly constrained. The seismicity recorded since installation of regional networks in the early 1980s had been characterized by a low background level punctuated by brief swarmlike activity a few months in duration. Three swarms have already been documented in the Gulf of Aqaba in 1983, 1990, and 1993, with magnitudes reaching at most 6.1 (MW). We suggest that the geometry of the rupture for the 1995 event is related to the spatial distribution of these previous swarms. Body-wave modeling of broadband seismograms from the global network, along with the analysis of the aftershock distribution, allow us to propose a well-constrained model for the rupture process. Northward propagation of the rupture has been found. We have demonstrated that three successive subevents are necessary to obtain a good fit between observed and synthetic wave forms. The total seismic moment released was 7.42 × 1019 N-m. The location of the subsevents shows that the three stages of the rupture involve three different segments within the gulf. Substantial surface breakage showing only normal motion (up to 20 cm) affecting beachrock was observed along the Egyptian coast. We show that these ruptures are only a secondary feature and are in no case primary ruptures. The stress tensor derived from striations collected in quaternary sediments shows radial extension. This result supports landsliding of the beach terraces under the action of the earthquake shaking.