jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Allozyme variation in a natural population of Stryphnodendron adstringens in the Rio Preto State Park, southeastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaves and fruits from 63 Stryphnodendron adstringens trees were sampled in the Rio Preto State Park to analyze allozyme segregation, tissue specific expression of allozyme loci, and their genetic parameters. The enzyme systems ADH, EST, ACP, PGM, PGI, GDH, G6PDH, GOT, IDH, LAP, MDH, PER and SKDH were assessed by means of starch-gel electrophoresis. The polymorphic systems PGI, IDH, MDH and GOT demonstrated a dimeric quaternary structure, while EST and PER were monomeric. The total expected genetic diversity (H E) for leaves and seeds were 0.325 and 0.244 respectively. The effective number of alleles per locus (A E) was 1.58 in leaves and 1.42 in seeds. The values of H E and A E observed in S. adstringens were comparatively higher than the average values seen in allozyme studies of other woody plants. The values of the fixation indices for the population, considering leaves (f = 0.070) and seeds (f = 0.107), were not significant. The high values of genetic diversity and of effective number of alleles per locus, as well as the non-significant fixation index and the adjustments of the Hardy-Weinberg proportions between generations for the pgi-1, mdh-2 and idh-1 loci, indicated random mating in this population. The enzyme systems EST and PER demonstrated their best resolution in leaf tissues, while the MDH, IDH, PGI and GOT systems demonstrated their best resolution in seed tissues.
Release of <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-Microglobulin by Human Tumors Grown in Nude Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human tumors implanted subcutaneously into athmic mice produced human <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin which was readily identified and quantified in mouse plasma. Implanted solid tumors of the lines Clouser, SW480, HEp-2, Capan-1, and HT-29 released amounts of <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin directly related to tumor mass. The extractable <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin per gram of tumor was constant for each cell line, but there was a 100-fold variation between the lines. In general, the plasma level of <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin correlated with the amount of free <i>β</i><sub>2</sub><i>-</i>microglobulin extracted from each tumor. From these observations it can be concluded that the variability observed in the circulating levels of <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin among cancer patients is related to the <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin content of the tumor and the total tumor mass.
Water balance analysis in plantations of strawberries, in the commune of San Pedro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work analyzes the agro-climatic variables and the water requirements by evapotranspiration for strawberry plantations in the commune of San Pedro. Correlation analysis, principal components analysis, k-means of the time series of the agro-climatic variables and evapotranspiration are used. The periods with need of water are classified to implement a water balance controller.
Sagadahoc County Courthouse, Bath, ca. 1905

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Sagadahoc County Courthouse in Bath was designed by Francis H. Fassett and constructed by Couillard & Coombs, contractors for the foundation and basement; Reed & Nichols, contractors for the stone and masonry work; and Cyril H. Hartwell & Co., contractors for the joinery.\n\n Some fifteen years after the creation of Sagadahoc County in 1854, the courthouse was dedicated on August 18, 1869, with an address by the Honorable Henry Tallman, a Bath native and Judge of the Bath Municipal Court. Tallman also served as the State Attorney General from 1849 to 1853.\n\nBefore the building's construction at a cost of about $68,000, the county rented space within the City Hall on Centre Street.\n\nThe image shows the iron fence that was part of the original construction for the Courthouse, as well as the bell in the belfry. Neither element survived into the latter part of the 20th century. \n\nThis unused black-and-white postcard with its undivided back was published by the Five and Ten Cent Bazaar.
Product evaluation and analysis of different varieties of blueberries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study analyses the quality of 10 different varieties of blueberry first cultivated in Xiangxi area.The results showed that the difference of moisture and ash content was not extremely significant in all ten quality indicators. Therefore,nine other indicators were used to evaluate the quality of blueberry. The highest to lowest comprehensive quality were Brigitta Gardenblue Sharpblue Coastal Britewell Legacy O'Neal Darrow Misti Elliott. Brigitta with higher nutrients,smaller fruits and less water became the best quality variety. Gardenblue with large fruits and more water content,least amount of acid and the highest sugar acid ratio tastes best. It also has high VC and anthocyanin content and is the best fresh fruit in all ten kinds.
Campus microgrid protection: a unified approach against cyberattacks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When False Data Injection (FDI) attacks inject false data into the controllers of a microgrid, it can lead the controllers to make decisions based on inaccurate information, ultimately resulting in system collapse. This study presents a novel approach to dynamically adjust output voltage in Campus Microgrids (CMG). Initially, we use feedback linearization techniques to address the inherent nonlinear complexities in Distributed Generation (DG) dynamics. Moreover, during voltage regulation, controllers and sensors may be susceptible to FDI attacks. To address this, an elastic follower observer is introduced to mitigate the impact of false information injection attacks on voltage coordination, thus ensuring the robustness and stability of the system. Notably, our method reduces dependence on global information and fault boundaries within the communication network, thereby enhancing system elasticity and efficiency. In conclusion, through comprehensive simulation experiments, we evaluate the effectiveness and performance of our proposed strategy. The simulation results validate the success of our approach in voltage regulation and its efficiency in fault management. These findings bear significant implications for the advancement of voltage regulation strategies in distributed generation systems.
An analysis of the ethical environment of the international accounting profession

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the ethical cultures of the international accounting profession by using the concept of ‘mainstreaming’ to describe the commitment of an organisation to the ethical function in its operations. The objective of the research on which the paper is based was to rate the efforts of 62 respondent national associations of professional accountants worldwide to incorporate the ethics function into the core operations of their organisations. Sixteen environmental factors were used in the analysis. They were set up as a group of criteria to assess the ethics procedures and systems of the accounting associations, and were divided into two categories. The first group was code based and contained items on code of ethics development and functions which would indicate whether ethically‐friendly management attitudes and systems were in place as a central focus of operations. Some of these elements were capable of fostering a ‘proprietary interest’ attitude on the part of members towards their codes of ethics, which in turn encourages code compliance. With the second group, other key operational aspects were examined to provide a balanced set of criteria. Interrelated elements among factors important to an ethical environment are included in the findings. The study concludes that on average the international accounting profession has attitudinal and systemic approaches that are ‘mainstream’. In general addressees were involved in code authorship and the public had adequate access to codes. However, increased use could be made of ethics professionals in the development of codes, of professional development courses to further the ethics skills of members, and of communication channels to foster a unifying approach to ethics. The study provides criteria for individual associations to assess their mainstreaming status against the international findings.
FACS-Based High-Throughput Functional Screening of Genetic Libraries for Drug Target Discovery

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A primary aim of functional genomics in pharmaceutical applications is to identify genes whose function is critical to maintaining a disease state and to determining whether therapeutic modulation of this function results in a beneficial clinical response. However, although many genomic approaches can identify disease-associated genes, lengthy follow-up studies are usually required to determine which genes are functionally important and are causally linked to a given disease. In contrast, retrovirally mediated functional genetic screening approaches enable rapid identification of physiologically relevant targets. Genetic screens are designed to detect functional changes that result in changes in cellular function that correlate with disease amelioration. Retroviruses possess unique properties that allow delivery of complex libraries of potential genetic effectors to a variety of cell types. These effectors can perturb specific interactions required to achieve a complete functional response and establish a direct relationship with a cellular function. Functional screens are employed to select for cells endowed with a desired genetic effector–induced change in phenotype. Identification of a genetic effector that causes an altered cellular phenotype that correlates with clinical benefit can explicate critical signaling components suitable for therapeutic intervention. Flow cytometry represents a uniquely powerful methodology to monitor complex multiparametric changes of individual cells in large populations. In conjunction with recent advances in retroviral expression systems, the sensitivity and speed of flow cytometry enables a highly efficient functional screening of complex libraries in a wide range of cell-based assays. In this chapter, we discuss the process of functional genetic screening and show specific examples of its implementation. We focus particularly on the critical parameters involved in the design and execution of functional genetic screening approaches based on FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter). Retroviruses provide a powerful method of introducing genes into mammalian cells in an efficient and stable manner. Recent advances in retroviral vector technology and packaging systems have extended their application to allow efficient and stable delivery of highly diverse libraries encoding various types of genetic effectors, including cDNAs, peptides, and ribozymes, into a broad range of cell types.
8×8 Wheeled Vehicle Modeling in a Multibody Dynamics Simulation Software

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article describes a three-dimensional non-linear dynamic model of a 8×8 wheeled vehicle. The authors used the "Universal Mechanism" MBS software to build the model. The article also presents a tire – rigid terrain interaction model built in Matlab/Simulink. The authors tested the process of linking a Matlab/Simulink DLL to the vehicle MBS model. The authors used the developed model to analyze the wheeled vehicle dynamic behavior at different operation conditions. The article contains the results of the lane change test simulation. The simulation results confirmed the validity of the model. The developed model allows the estimation of the wheeled vehicle dynamic behavior at various operation conditions at the design stage.
Can mutual trust explain the diversity-performance relationship? A meta-analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Trust is gaining attention for its benefits to both teams and organizations as a whole (Fulmer & Gelfand, 2012). The difficulty of building it in comparison to the ease of destroying it calls for a deeper understanding of trust, as well as its relationship with critical team outcomes (Colquitt, LePine, Piccolo, Zapata, & Rich, 2012). Unfortunately, current research has progressed in a disjointed manner that requires the integration of findings before a more parsimonious and descriptive understanding of trust at the team-level can be developed. Beyond this basic understanding, research is needed to explore the nature of trust in teams comprised of diverse members, as multi-national, multi-cultural, and interdisciplinary teams are increasingly characterizing the modern landscape. Thus, this article uses meta-analytic techniques to examine the extent to which mutual trust can serve as an underlying mechanism that drives the diversity-team performance relationship. First, surface-level and deep-level diversity characteristics varied in their impact on trust. Value diversity emerged as the most detrimental, along with the moderating effect of time. Second, 95 independent samples comprising 5,721 teams emphasized the importance of trust to team performance with a moderate and positive relationship. Third, mediation analyses answered recent calls (e.g., van Knippenberg & Schippers, 2007) to examine underlying mechanisms that can explain the diversity-outcomes relationship. This showed age, gender, value, and function diversity to be related to performance through mutual trust. Furthermore, this study explores whether contextual (e.g., team distribution) as well as measurement (e.g., referent) issues pose systematic differences in the diversity-trust and trust-performance relationships. Surprisingly, the construct of trust at the team-level proved to be generalizable across a number of unique conditions. In addition to this extensive quantitative review, implications and future research are discussed.
Research on non-communication protection of distribution line considering new energy access

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The large-scale access to new energy sources turns the traditional single-power radiation distribution line into a complex network. At the same time, the fault characteristics of new energy sources will also cause the change in the magnitude, direction and distribution of short-circuit current in the distribution network. It leads to the misoperation or refusal of the traditional three-stage. Scholars at home and abroad have researched distribution network protection considering new energy access. On the one hand, the impact of new energy access on current protection can be reduced by limiting the grid connection capacity of new energy sources or using short-circuit current limiter. On the other hand, improving the protection performance by changing the protection scheme. This paper begins with a brief analysis of a two-phase fault in a distribution line connected to a DG. Then proposes a new protection scheme based on non-communication protection. Set the grid connection point as the protection segment point, and detect the tide direction and fault direction. If it is determined to be the source side, overcurrent protection will be activated. If it is determined to be the load side, undervoltage protection will be activated. Cooperate with other protection segment points on the distribution line to realize accurate and selective fault isolation. Finally, the correctness of the proposed protection scheme is verified by simulation.
"Figure 13_b [Best-fit]" of "Combination of searches for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 13 TeV"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The observed best-fit values in the ($\kappa_{V}$, $\kappa_{2V}$) plane for the combination of all channels when all the other parameters are fixed to their SM values.
Influence of 120-days 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest on the functional properties of the neuromuscular system in man.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of a 120-d 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest on the functional properties of the human triceps surae muscle have been studied in a group of male volunteers (n = 6), mean age 38 +/- 2 yr. According to tendometry measurements, maximum voluntary contraction and maximum strength in response to a nerve stimulation at a frequency of 150 impulses s(-1) after head-down tilt decreased by 45.5% and 33.7%, respectively (p < 0.05-0.01), and maximal twitch declined by 36.7% (p < 0.05). The magnitude of force deficiency increased by 60.2% (p < 0.001). Time to peak tension, half-relaxation time and total contraction time of twitch increased (p < 0.05-0.001); the maximum rate of rise of isometric tetanic tension as absolute tension exerted by the triceps surae muscle in response to an electrical stimulation of the motor nerve and during voluntary contraction performed on command to contract quickly and strongly decreased. With force expressed as a percentage of the maximum developed, the force-time curves did not alter significantly. A post head-down tilt fatigability index of the triceps surae muscle was to 0.61 +/- 0.02 as opposed to 0.80 +/- 0.03 prior to an exposure (p < 0.05). It is postulated that changes of contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle head-down tilt are linked to the atrophic processes, alterations of muscle length and the state of sarcoplasmic reticulum on the one hand, and to the altered state of the central nervous system, on the other.
Literature Review : Skrining Fitokimia Pada Berbagai Tanaman Obat Sebagai Sumber Senyawa Bioaktif

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytochemical screening is a crucial preliminary step in identifying secondary metabolites from medicinal plants that serve as potential bioactive compounds for the development of traditional and modern medicines. This review summarizes findings from 25 national and international journals that investigated various plant sources, including leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, stems, and even microalgae. The most commonly analyzed compounds include flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, glycosides, and anthraquinones. The results indicate that flavonoids and tannins are the most frequently detected metabolites, both of which are known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Variations in metabolite content among plants are influenced by species, plant parts used, extraction methods, and the choice of solvents, with ethanol being the predominant solvent. Several studies also complemented the screening with biological activity assays, such as DPPH antioxidant testing, antibacterial assays, and wound-healing studies, further supporting the therapeutic potential of these compounds. This review highlights the importance of phytochemical screening as a scientific foundation for the development of phytopharmaceuticals and the utilization of Indonesia’s rich biodiversity.
On the Role and Assessment of Research at European Universities of Applied Sciences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relevance of the Universities of Applied Sciences (UASs) is growing in a world where practice-based learning and research are essential to meet societal development goals. Public policies for science, technology, and innovation must, therefore, account for an increasingly complex context where higher education institutions of varied shapes co-evolve. On the other hand, the increasing influence of international ranking systems and of bibliometric indicators calls for a critical revision of their adequacy to account for UASs’ key characteristics such as the importance of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches when tackling context-based challenges. This paper examines the roles of UASs in contemporary knowledge-intensive societies and critically addresses dominant research evaluation approaches. It is argued that i) qualitative approaches based on the visualization of bibliometric data can provide useful perspectives on interdisciplinarity, ii) the assessment of stakeholder engagement should be incorporated in rankings such as U-Multirank, and iii) knowledge dissemination at large could be assessed using Altmetrics indicators.
Investigating brand loyalty using Dirichlet benchmarks: The case of light dairy products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

During the last years, a strong consumer interest appears for food products with low caloric content ("light" products). Due to their popularity, the real success of these products in the marketplace is a worth-investigating issue. The creation of buyers that are loyal to light food brands constitutes an indication of this success. The present work aims to investigate consumer loyalty to light dairy (milk and yoghurt) brands. First, basic Brand Performance Measures (BPMs) are empirically estimated to describe market structure of the dairy categories under investigation. Then, the Dirichlet model (Ehrenberg et al., 2004) was fitted to the empirical data, pointing out to theoretical category loyalty measures. Grouping of the dairy categories under investigation according to their purchase frequency and brand penetration then follows. The work concludes with the overall estimation of consumer loyalty to the light dairy sub-category compared to other sub-categories that exist within the wider dairy categories under investigation. The total market share of light brands is found to be directly comparable with that of full fat brands. The importance of the light sub-category is indicated by both the empirical BPMs and the theoretical Dirichlet-type loyalty measures in both milk and yoghurt categories, since consumers appeared to be more loyal to light brand names. However, while the marketing differentiation strategy of the light sub-category seems to be particularly successful in creating loyal buyers, it must be examined within the wider category that it belongs. This conclusion is justified by the fact that, in the grouping of categories that has been attempted, not a clear trend followed by all light brands has been observed. On the contrary, light brand exhibited diverse loyalty behaviour.
Decision support system for telemedicine based on multiple expertise

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper discusses results of the research in the area of artificial intelligence applications in telemedicine. The main goal of research is to manage multiple expertise obtained from experts-physicians in different countries to develop decision support medical system of broad earmarking based on telecommunication tools. The multilevel representation of medical data is discussed based on the apparatus of metastatistics. The technique is able to acquire semantically essential information from complex dynamics of quasi-periodical medical signals by applying recursively ordinary statistical tools. The voting-type technique is used to find consensus among medical experts in their description of medical knowledge. Research results are applied for developing Telediagnostic Expert Medical System and Medical Teleconsulting Support System.