jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conformational Changes of α-Crystallin Proteins Induced by Heat Stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

α-crystallin is a major structural protein in the eye lenses of vertebrates that is composed of two relative subunits, αA and αB crystallin, which function in maintaining lens transparency. As a member of the small heat-shock protein family (sHsp), α-crystallin exhibits chaperone-like activity to prevent the misfolding or aggregation of critical proteins in the lens, which is associated with cataract disease. In this study, high-purity αA and αB crystallin proteins were expressed from E. coli and purified by affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. The size-exclusion chromatography experiment showed that both αA and αB crystallins exhibited oligomeric complexes in solution. Here, we present the structural characteristics of α-crystallin proteins from low to high temperature by combining circular dichroism (CD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Not only the CD data, but also SAXS data show that α-crystallin proteins exhibit transition behavior on conformation with temperature increasing. Although their protein sequences are highly conserved, the analysis of their thermal stability showed different properties in αA and αB crystallin. In this study, taken together, the data discussed were provided to demonstrate more insights into the chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin proteins.
Response to Comments on "A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Identification of genetic variants affecting complex traits such as obesity is confounded by many types of bias, especially when effect sizes are small. Given our findings of a positive association between rs7566605 and body mass index in four out of five separate samples, a false positive finding cannot be ruled out with certainty but seems unlikely. Meta-analyses of multiple large studies will help refine the estimate of the effects of rs7566605 on body mass index.
When the Ice Melts: Developing Proactive American Strategy for the Eurasian Arctic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The confluence of environmental, energy, and economic issues associated with Arctic ice recession warrants proactive American strategy to account for increased human activity within the Eurasian Arctic region. This paper examines the time frame associated with sea ice recession, the availability of oil and gas resources shared by Norway and Russia, the potential time and cost savings associated with utilization of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), and the hazards induced by Arctic operations. The paper considers Norwegian and Russian Arctic strategies and juxtaposes them with current American policy to derive recommendations for American strategy pertaining to the Eurasian Arctic. To envision the Eurasian Arctic in 2025, America should seek a free flow of global trade along the NSR, a minimal international military presence in the Arctic, an economically stable Russia, a strong Norwegian partner, and an improved international cooperation on environmental and maritime safety issues. Recommendations include accession to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, modified engagement with Russia, support for Norwegian regional leadership, and increased utilization of multilateral forums to address environmental, safety, and security concerns.
Product piracy from nature: biomimetic microstructures and interfaces for high-performance optics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Micro and nanostructured optical components are evolved over millions of years in nature and show a wide application range as microlens arrays, diffractive or subwavelength structures in manifold biological systems. In this contribution we discuss the advantages and challenges to transfer the concepts based on the nature models to increase the performance of high-end optical systems in applications such as beam shaping and imaging. Especially we discuss the application of sophisticated statistical microlens arrays and diffractive structures in different fields such as lithography, inspection or for medical instruments. Additionally we focus on anti-reflection coatings which are commonly used to suppress reflection of light from the surface of optical components in the visible range. We report an innovative approach for the fast and cost-efficient fabrication of highly UV transmissive, anti-reflective optical interfaces based on self assembled gold nanoparticles.
Research in nuclear astrophysics: Stellar collapse and supernovae. Continuation progress report, December 1, 1994--November 30, 1995

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This progress report describes the nuclear astrophysics research activities in the Earth and Space Sciences Department at Stony Brook during the last year. The research focuses on three aspects of nuclear astrophysics: (1) the equation of state of hot, dense matter, (2) the origin of supernovae and neutron stars, (3) the early cooling epoch of neutron stars. Ongoing projects are first described individually, and are followed by a series of detailed reports, which summarize each project completed within the last year.
Gene‐based sequential burden association test

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Detecting the association between a set of variants and a phenotype of interest is the first and important step in genetic and genomic studies. Although it attracted a large amount of attention in the scientific community and several related statistical approaches have been proposed in the literature, powerful and robust statistical tests are still highly desired and yet to be developed in this area. In this paper, we propose a powerful and robust association test, which combines information from each individual single‐nucleotide polymorphisms based on sequential independent burden tests. We compare the proposed approach with some popular tests through a comprehensive simulation study and real data application. Our results show that, in general, the new test is more powerful; the gain in detecting power can be substantial in many situations, compared to other methods.
Genome-based reclassification of Williamsia marianensis as a later heterotypic synonym of Williamsia muralis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present study used whole-genome data to clarify the taxonomic assignment of two closely related Williamsia species. Genomic information for 10 type strains was available at the time of conducting this analysis. One group of type strains was found to be conspecific, namely Williamsia muralis Kämpfer et al . 1999 and Williamsia marianensis Pathom-aree et al . 2006. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 99 % similarity between these type strains. Whole-genome-based comparisons showed that Williamsia muralis DSM 44343 T and Williamsia marianensis DSM 44944 T shared 98.07 % average nucleotide identity, 98.29 % average amino acid identity and 84.80 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization values. These values exceeded the threshold values for bacterial species delineation. Further, phylogenomic analysis based on the core genomes of the strains under study confirmed that Williamsia muralis DSM 44343 T and Williamsia marianensis DSM 44944 T formed a monophyletic clade. Based on this evidence, we propose the reclassification of Williamsia marianensis Pathom-aree et al . 2006 as a later heterotypic synonym of Williamsia muralis Kämpfer et al . 1999.
Fabrication and investigation of photosensitive MoOx/n-CdTe heterojunctions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

MoOx/n-CdTe photosensitive heterostructures were prepared by the deposition of molybdenum oxide thin films onto n-type single-crystal CdTe substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The obtained heterojunctions possessed sharply defined rectifying properties with the rectification ration RR ~ 106. The temperature dependences of the height of the potential barrier and series resistance of the MoOx/CdTe heterojunctions were investigated. The dominating current transport mechanisms through the heterojunctions were determined at forward and reverse biases. The analysis of capacitance-voltage (C–V) characteristics, measured at different frequencies of the small amplitude AC signal and corrected by the effect of the series resistance, provided evidence of the presence of electrically charged interface states, which significantly affect the measured capacitance.
Rocking the Foundations of Cartesian Knowledge: Critical Notice of Janet Broughton, Descartes's Method of Doubt

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 2004 Rocking the Foundations of Cartesian Knowledge: Critical Notice of Janet Broughton, Descartes's Method of Doubt Lex Newman Lex Newman Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Philosophical Review (2004) 113 (1): 101–125. https://doi.org/10.1215/00318108-113-1-101 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Lex Newman; Rocking the Foundations of Cartesian Knowledge: Critical Notice of Janet Broughton, Descartes's Method of Doubt. The Philosophical Review 1 January 2004; 113 (1): 101–125. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00318108-113-1-101 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsThe Philosophical Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Cornell University2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Squalene synthase (SQS), a key downstream enzyme involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in treating hyperlipidemia. Compared to statins, SQS inhibitors have shown a very significant lipid-lowering effect and do not cause myotoxicity. Thus, the paper aims to discover potential SQS inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the combination of molecular modeling methods and biological assays. In this study, cynarin was selected as a potential SQS inhibitor candidate compound based on its pharmacophoric properties, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Cynarin could form hydrophobic interactions with PHE54, LEU211, LEU183 and PRO292, which are regarded as important interactions for the SQS inhibitors. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of cynarin was tested in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells by decreasing the lipidemic parameter triglyceride (TG) level by 22.50%. Finally. cynarin was reversely screened against other anti-hyperlipidemia targets which existed in HepG2 cells and cynarin was unable to map with the pharmacophore of these targets, which indicated that the lipid-lowering effects of cynarin might be due to the inhibition of SQS. This study discovered cynarin is a potential SQS inhibitor from TCM, which could be further clinically explored for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Using multivariate generalized linear latent variable models to measure the difference in event count for stranded marine animals

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The classification of marine animals as protected species makes data and information on them to be very important. Therefore, this led to the need to retrieve and understand the data on the event counts for stranded marine animals based on location emergence, number of individuals, behavior, and threats to their presence. Whales are generally often stranded in very shallow areas with sloping sea floors and sand. Data were collected in this study on the incidence of stranded marine animals in 20 provinces of Indonesia from 2015 to 2019 with the focus on animals such as Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Lamnidae, Physeteridae and Rhincodontidae.
METHODS:Multivariate latent generalized linear model was used to compare several distributions to analyze the diversity of event counts. Two optimization models including Laplace and Variational approximations were also applied.
RESULTS: The best theta parameter in the latent multivariate latent generalized linear latent variable model was found in the Akaike Information Criterion, Akaike Information Criterion Corrected and Bayesian Information Criterion values, andthe information obtained was used to create a spatial cluster. Moreover, there was a comprehensive discussion on ocean-atmosphere interaction and the reasons the animals were stranded.
CONCLUSION: The changes in marine ecosystems due to climate change, pollution, overexploitation, changes in sea use, and the existence of invasive alien species deserve serious attention.
Bispectral analysis of intracardiac electrograms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous work has shown that the average magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) differentiates ventricular tachyarrythmias and discriminates between fibrillatory and nonfibrillatory rhythms. The MSC quantifies the extent to which linear dynamics explain time series covariability. The magnitude-squared bicoherence (MSBC) does the same for bilinear dynamics. Unlike the MSC, which must be computed from two time series, the MSBC can be calculated from a single time series. The average magnitude-squared autobicoherence is computed for a collection of intracardiac electrograms. Results indicate that it has capabilities similar to average MSC in differentiating ventricular tachyarrythmias and discriminating between fibriallatory and nonfibrillatory rhythms. The MSBC might be used in implantable devices for cardiac monitoring and intervention to provide cross-validitory and localized information on cardiac dynamics. Moreover, its quantification of nonlinear dynamics may improve understanding of the intricate electrical organization of the heart.< >
Analysis of mental health status and personality in military medical graduate students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

AIM: To evaluate the mental health status and personality of the military medical graduate students. METHODS: The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL 90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES D) were used to evaluate the mental health and personality of 198 military medical post graduate students, who were gathered and asked to complete the questionnaires in 35 minutes. RESULTS: Indexes of SCL 90 showed that the male students had significantly higher scores in average positive items( P 0.05) . P, L dimensions in EPQ were significantly different between male and female students. Compared with female students, the male group had higher scores in P dimension and lower scores in L dimension( P 0.01). Students with different self evaluated characters (Group A: introverted; Group B: middle; Group C: extroverted) had different scores of SCL 90 indexes and students in group A had significant higher scores than students in group B and group C. Students with CES D value exceeding 20 was 22.9%, 8.5% and 6.1% respectively in group A, B and C, and 31.4%, 22.2% and 18.2% students in group A, group B and group C had SCL 90 positive symptoms. CONCLUSION: It is not the gender but the personality that may be the main risk factor affecting the metal health status in military medical graduate students.
Molecular Dynamics Studies on Trypanosoma cruzi Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Complexes: An Analysis of the Inhibitor Influence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chagas disease remains a significant global health problem. Current etiological treatment is limited due to its low efficacy in the advanced stage of the disease and adverse effects. Trypanosoma cruzi dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (TcDHODH) is a promising target for developing new drugs. This study explored the structural and dynamic factors influencing its inhibition. The results from the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations of 11 ligand-TcDHODH complexes revealed that ligand size and conformation play crucial roles in enzyme inhibition, with flexibility in the active site being essential for enzyme function. Small ligands tend to maintain a closed conformation, while larger ligands induce open conformations. The results further demonstrate ligand-induced conformational changes and the role of key hydrogen bonds in stabilizing the ligand-enzyme complex. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between ligands and the enzyme's S1, S2, and S3 subsites contribute to inhibition. Understanding these factors facilitates the development of potent and selective TcDHODH inhibitors for the treatment of Chagas disease.
Audit of the 1993 KS3 science national test pilot and the concept of quasi‐reconciliation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract KS3 pilot national assessments in 1992 and 1993 used 'audit' agencies to monitor teacher assessments and the accuracy with which teachers marked the centrally provided national tests. This paper outlines audit procedures and explores similarities and differences between audit and other assessment concepts. A distinction is drawn between approaches which reconcile differences between assessors as a way to improve the accuracy of assessments and repeat marking. Audit is classed as quasi‐reconciliation, which may offer advantages for large scale assessment. Data from the audit of the 1993 KS3 science pilot national tests illustrates the relatively high levels of agreement which might be expected between assessments via a quasi‐reconciliation approach.
Stock prediction using support vector machines and mapping to CPU+GPU system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project is the exploration of machine learning techniques on computational finance stock prediction application and the promising of utilizing high-performance computing power to improve the overall performance. On the financial aspect, a stock prediction application is developed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the principal methodology. Various techniques on machine learning are studied to improve the accuracy of the learning algorithms. Some of those approaches including data scaling, features selection, kernel functions, will be put into the experiments in order to determine the efficiency and accuracy of SVM. Performance is evaluated against different features in usage that points out open price and Exponential Moving Average (EMA) is a generally good factor for predicting stock price with relatively small Mean Squared Error (MSE) on regression, and high hit ratio on classification. The experiments also present the dependency of predictive output on data, where particular data such as Google’s stock price yields very low result with MSE greater than 20000 and hit ratio less than 60% on average. While Microsoft’s and Starbucks’s stocks prediction results produce much smaller MSE on regression and an average of 76% and 85% hit ratio respectively on classification. After that, we aim to utilize the performance of massively parallel processing computing with modern Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology for general-purpose scientific and engineering applications. NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is chosen as the principle framework for developing parallel computer programs on GPU. A comparison of performance capability between the CPU and GPU version is carried out to demonstrate the advantages and potentiality of enforcing GPU computing on computational finance applications with speed up from ten to more than hundreds times. A number of available SVM libraries which have been implemented on CUDA platform will also be studied on their performances and capabilities of performing learning tasks.
Effects of Interactivity between Audience and Urban Advertisement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, advertisement plays an important and impressive role in our lives and we are witnessing different works in this field. The emergence of new technologies in this field has led to the arrival of a new style of advertising with different interactivity and administrative functions. Interactive advertising is considered as one of the most up to date urban advertising. With regard to the arrival of this new style of advertising and using them in different countries, this research investigates the effectiveness of an advertisement’s interaction with the audiences in urban advertising through a descriptive/analytical approach as well as field study with regard to the type of advertising usage including commercial, promotional, educational, social etc. It is assumed that an interactive advertising confronts the audience with many challenges and makes him from a static and watching audience to an actor and explorer audience. In such advertisements, the audience enters a path with interactivity where the advertisement guides him and audience responses positively to this action; after a simple activity and in some cases, he interacts and communicates with the advertisement just by passing by it. In interactivity advertisements in urban spaces, the artist pays much attention to audience participation for challenges or performing specific activity that will lead to a result. The use of interactive advertising in various forms such as billboards, stands, and advertisements at bus stops and so on has increased in recent years, developed countries, and countries that are more familiar to technologies. These works are considered a new step in the field of urban advertising. This research selects samples of using such creative advertisements, especially in commercial areas in different countries as well as Iran. It considers the producing method, ideation, and effectiveness of each in a specific period as well as their installation and commissioning places. The results emphasize on more effectiveness of interactive advertising as well as more contribution of audiences in the process of advertising in comparison to simple and non-interactivity advertising.
Elder law and its subject: the contextualised ageing individual

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Elder law is often approached in terms of a ‘body’ of law. In this article, I argue for a contextualised and externalised perspective on the ageing individual as the subject of elder law. Elder law relates to the implications of law as an institutionalisation of society seen through the lens of older persons. The aged subject is a contested and differentiated social construct to be studied in relation to an externalised social ‘problem’ and properly contextualised. Whereas the ageing individual in the context of labour law and anti-discrimination regulation turns out to be remarkably young, the specific history of LGBT persons in society comes to the fore in cases where age intersects with a ground such as sexual orientation. The ‘ageing’ worker must thus be understood in relation to work as the dominant distributive order in society, and in relation to institutions and developments associated with work. Due to the role of age as a traditional social stratifier, the prohibition against age discrimination has been given a weaker format than have prohibitions against other kinds of discrimination, and the ban on ageism has failed to achieve a clear legal status. Deficiencies in the measures taken against age discrimination are also evident in their incapacity to address situations where age intersects with other grounds, resulting in a compartmentalised application and interpretation of discrimination bans, leaving vulnerable sub-groups without protection. In sum, elder law is very much a field in process and – although arguing for the added value of a contextualised perspective – it may for the time being suffice to say that ‘elder law is what elder law researchers do’.