jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Indoor Air Pollutants with Pulmonary Function Test in Children Residing in Biomass Fuel Using Rural Houses of Central Karnataka

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Objectives: Approximately half the world uses biomass fuel for domestic energy, resulting in widespread exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass smoke. It is not clear what relationship exists between biomass use and pulmonary function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke in children on pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters and its association with the particulate matter load. Materials and Methods: Children residing in rural houses in Central Karnataka using biomass fuel for cooking and heating water were selected and evaluated for PFTs by RMS Helios 401 spirometer. Particulate matter <2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations were measured using an air quality pollution monitor. The association between PM2.5 and lung functions was studied. Results: A total of 150 children were included in the study. The study participants were assessed for the amount of exposure to particulate matter. Significant exposure to PM2.5 and hydrocarbons with a mean exposure of 42.25 mcg/m 3 and 160.47 mg/m 3 , respectively, was recorded. Exposure to formaldehyde in the kitchen and living area showed a statistically significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) and a normal FEV1/FVC ratio indicating a restrictive pattern. It also showed a statistically significant effect on forced expiratory flow 25%–75% indicating a small airway obstructive pattern. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and formaldehyde from biomass fuel burning is associated with reduced lung function. This study reinforces the urgency of global strategies to mitigate indoor air pollution for the improvement of pulmonary health.
WA : 0853-1102-5193. Daftar Harga Jual Jam Digital Masjid Ogan Komering Ulu

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

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Ethical Consumption: Practices and Identities: A Realist Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book engages with the topic of ethical consumption and applies a critical-realist approach to explore the process of becoming and being an ethical consumer. By integrating Margaret Archer's theory of identity formation and Christian Coff's work on food ethics, it develops a theoretical account explicating the generative mechanism that gives rise to ethical consumer practices and identities. The second part of the book presents the findings from a qualitative study with self-perceived ethical food consumers to demonstrate the fit between the proposed theoretical mechanism and the actual experiences of ethically committed consumers. Through integrating agency-focused and socio-centric perspectives on consumer behaviour, the book develops a more comprehensive and balanced approach to conceptualising and studying consumption processes and phenomena. --
Intrapleural instillation of r-tPA in complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema: a single center experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics has been well established in the management of complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema. Aim: To present our experience on the intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics and outcomes of patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion/empyema. Methods: Hospitalized patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion/empyema who were treated with intrapleural instillation of r-tPA between 01/01/2021 and 30/09/2022 were included in the study. Results: Thirty-one patients (n=31) were analyzed [male: 90%, mean age ± SD =60.4 ± 12.3, smokers/never smokers: 24/7, median value of hospitalization days: 12 (95% CI: 11.0 to 16.4)]. Comorbidities or immunosuppression were recorded in 71.0% (n=22) and in 51.1% (n=16) of patients, respectively. Neutrophilic pleural effusions and causative microbial agent were recorded in 87.1% (n=27) and 80.6% of cases (n=25), respectively. Median values of pleural fluid glucose and LDH were 29 mg/dL (95% CI: 3 to 45) and 1176 U/L (95% CI: 851 to 3646), respectively. Positive cytology for malignancy was recorded in 2 patients. Intrapleural fibrinolytics showed an excellent safety and effectiveness profile with no major side-effects and need for surgery in 97% of cases (n=30). One patient (3%) died due to malignant pleural mesothelioma. Conclusion: Intrapleural instillation of r-tPA in complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema constitutes a safe and effective treatment modality.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Heteroborane Cluster Systems. Part 3. Characterization, Deprotonation, and Transition‐Metal Chemistry of the Small Phosphorus‐ Bridged Pentaborane(9) System (μ‐Diphenylphosphino)pentaborane.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pruning for Protection: Increasing Jailbreak Resistance in Aligned LLMs Without Fine-Tuning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the impact of model compression on the way Large Language Models (LLMs) process prompts, particularly concerning jailbreak resistance. We show that moderate WANDA pruning can enhance resistance to jailbreaking attacks without fine-tuning, while maintaining performance on standard benchmarks. To systematically evaluate this safety enhancement, we introduce a dataset of 225 harmful tasks across five categories. Our analysis of LLaMA-2 Chat, Vicuna 1.3, and Mistral Instruct v0.2 reveals that pruning benefits correlate with initial model safety levels. We interpret these results by examining changes in attention patterns and perplexity shifts, demonstrating that pruned models exhibit sharper attention and increased sensitivity to artificial jailbreak constructs. We extend our evaluation to the AdvBench harmful behavior tasks and the GCG attack method. We find that LLaMA-2 is much safer on AdvBench prompts than on our dataset when evaluated with manual jailbreak attempts, and that pruning is effective against both automated attacks and manual jailbreaking on Advbench.
The Effect of Social Capital Relations and Community Participation in the Development of the Bejijong Tourism Village, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tourism is one of the government's leading sectors that contributes significantly to the country's foreign exchange receipts. One of the strategies of the tourism sector to continue to trigger economic growth is to develop sustainable tourism through the Tourism Village program. Tourism village development requires the collective involvement of local communities to ensure the program's sustainability. The availability and utilization of social capital influence community participation in tourism development. This study aims to identify how social capital affects community participation in developing the Bejijong Tourism Village program. The population in this study includes the heads of families of tourism actors, with a total sample of 279 households. The variables used are social capital variables consisting of social networks, trusts, social norms, and participation variables at the implementation stage. The analysis used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to determine the constituent factors contributing to each variable, thereby facilitating an understanding of the specific factors that merit attention for improvement and those that should be upheld to optimize tourism performance. The results of the analysis show that social capital significantly influences community participation. The better the social capital in Bejijong Village, the more people will be willing to participate in developing tourism villages. The social capital variable with the highest influence on participation is the trust variable. Therefore, the community must uphold the optimality of factors influencing trust for the sustainability of tourism development.
Public health in the economics of child labour

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Public health is important in the child labour discussion for more reasons than just the consequences of child labour. The morbidity and mortality of caregivers and earners may be central in understanding how children end up in dangerous or exploitive conditions. This chapter outlines how public health issues enter into the economics of child labour. It examines both how public health influences child labour and how child labour influences child health. It begins by reviewing the state of economic research on why children work.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐(polyfluoroalkyl)chromones and Their Ammonium Salts. 3‐Hydroxychromone in the Mannich Reaction.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nitrozation of (polyfluoroalkyl)chromanones (I) gives rise to the formation of previously unknown 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(polyfluoroalkyl)chromones (II).
Paris and Vienne. Thystorye of the Noble Ryght Valyaunt and Worthy Knyght Parys and of the Fayr Vyenne, the Daulphyns Daughter of Vyennoy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Paris and Vienne. Thystorye of the Noble Ryght Valyaunt and Worthy Knyght Parys and of the Fayr Vyenne, the Daulphyns Daughter of Vyennoy Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s4-I, Issue 3, 18 January 1868, Pages 66–67, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-I.3.66g Published: 18 January 1868
O‘SMIRLARNING IJTIMOIY TARBIY FAOLIYATINI RIVOJLANISHDA “O‘RTA TA’LIM MAKTABI - QO‘SHIMCHA TA’LIM MAMLAKAT MARKAZI” TA’LIM MUHITINING PEDAGOGIK POTENTSIAL RO‘LI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the meaning of the pedagogic potential of educational environment “secondary school - supplementary education country center” as a social and psychological factor affecting the development of social educational activity of adolescents. Moreover, the peculiarities and conditions of this development and the application of project practices based on I. P. Ivanov principles as well as the effect on the choice of methodological support for pupils enrolled in temporary groups are considered. Maqolada o'smirlarning ijtimoiy ta'lim faoliyatini rivojlantirishga ta'sir qiluvchi ijtimoiy-psixologik omil sifatida "o'rta maktab - qo'shimcha ta'lim mamlakat markazi" ta'lim muhitining pedagogik salohiyatining ma'nosi tahlil qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, ushbu rivojlanishning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari va shartlari va I. P. Ivanov tamoyillariga asoslangan loyiha amaliyotini qo'llash, shuningdek, vaqtinchalik guruhlarga qabul qilingan o'quvchilar uchun uslubiy yordamni tanlashga ta'siri ko'rib chiqiladi.
Exploring synergy relationships between telematic services and functionalities using cluster analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A method for assessing potential synergies among different sets of transport telematic services (TTSs) is suggested. An Intelligent Transport System enhances transport by delivering one or more TTSs. The ability to deliver multiple TTSs to address a wide range of stakeholder needs is gaining momentum, not only from a marketing perspective but also from a technological perspective. The total cost of TTSs can be reduced if they share functionalities (i.e., sub‐services provided by telematic systems). We show how this synergy can be assessed with the help of clustering methods. Knowledge about possible synergies of functionalities is useful in the (re)design and eventual deployment of TTSs, especially when the underlying telematic systems are able to support multiple TTSs. To adapt the clustering method for this purpose, we suggest a mathematical formulation of synergy among functionalities of TTSs. By applying the method to a set of 32 TTSs, we obtain a cluster formation of these TTSs according to their synergy measures. Overall, the results suggest that the joint implementation of TTSs targeted toward some problem domains can lead to significant cost savings, for example, Road User Charging, Infrastructure Repair and Maintenance, and Information on the Transport of extra large goods for the management of road transport infrastructure.
Trichthonius majestus, a new species of Oribatid mite (Acarina: Cosmochthoniidae) from North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nous avons decrit et illustre toutes les stases d une nouvelle espece Trichthonuts majestus. Elle est caracterisee par deux sillons dorsaux, quelques poils dorsaux simples, d autres en feuille, et l unidactylie des ongles des pattes. La morphologie du corps et la chaetotaxie des pattes de l adulte sont comparees avec celles de l espece type, Trichthonius p~ucherrimus Hammer. La nouvelle espece se trouve dans les sols forestiers de New York, des Etats-Unis, du Manitoba au Canada.
Classification of Subgroups of Children with Speech Sound Disorders: A Preliminary Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

배경 및 목적 말소리장애 아동이 산출한 오류 형태를 기반으로 하위 유형을 나눈 언어학적 증상 모델을 사용하여 우리나라 말소리장애 아동의 하위 유형을 분류하였을 때 분포 경향성이 어떠한 지 알아보고 하위 유형 별로 말·언어 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 3–9세 말소리장애 아동 133명을 오류패턴의 발달성과 말 산출 오류의 일관성을 기준으로 조음장애, 음운지연, 일관적 음운장애, 비일관적 음운장애로 나누었다. 또한 말소리장애 하위 유형 별로 생활연령, 자음정확도, 수용 및 표현 어휘력에 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. ê²°ê³¼ 말소리장애 아동 중 조음장애 아동이 30.08%, 음운지연 아동이 44.36%, 일관적인 음운장애 아동이 18.05%, 비일관적인 음운장애 집단이 7.52%로 나타났다. 말소리장애 하위 유형에 따라 연령 분포에 유의한 차이가 있었으며 조음장애 아동의 생활연령이 다른 집단에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 말 심각도는 일관적, 비일관적 음운장애 아동이 조음장애와 음운지연 아동에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 수용 및 표현어휘력은 말소리장애 하위 유형 간 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 논의 및 결론 본 연구는 우리나라 말소리장애 아동을 말 오류 특성을 바탕으로 하위 유형을 분류하였다. 이는 말소리장애 아동을 정확하게 감별 진단하고 유형 별 특성에 맞는 효과적인 중재를 제공하기 위한 기반이 될 것이다. Keywords: 말소리장애, 하위 유형, 감별 진단
Peroral Cholangioscopy-guided Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy with a SpyGlass DS Versus a Conventional Digital Cholangioscope for Difficult Bile Duct Stones

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Recently, a new digital peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) system, the SpyGlass DS (SpyDS), has been used for POCS-guided lithotripsy for difficult bile duct stones (DBDSs). The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy of SpyDS-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) for DBDS with that of a conventional digital cholangioscope. Methods Seventeen consecutive patients who had undergone POCS-guided EHL for DBDS with the SpyDS between October 2015 and January 2019 were enrolled in this study group (SpyDS group) using a prospectively maintained database. Fifteen other consecutive patients who had undergone POCS-guided EHL with a conventional digital cholangioscope (CHF-B260) just prior to the introduction of the SpyDS between December 2006 and September 2015 were analyzed as a control group (CHF group). The main outcome measurement was the total procedure time to complete stone removal. Results The rate of complete stone removal was 100% for both groups. The mean total procedure time for the SpyDS group was significantly shorter than that for the CHF group (67±30 minutes vs. 107±64 minutes, p=0.038). The mean number of endoscopic sessions for the SpyDS group was significantly lower than that for the CHF group (1.35±0.49 vs. 2.00±0.85, p=0.037). There were no significant differences in the rate of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion The SpyDS appears useful for decreasing the procedure time and number of endoscopic sessions for complete stone removal in POCS-guided EHL for DBDS compared with a conventional digital cholangioscope.
Bactericidal Potential of Local Medicinal Plants of Kashmir Valley in Fishes: A Review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bacterial diseases in fishes create one of the alarming situations that render significant loss to the fishing industries and aquacultural farm units worldwide. Various drugs have been formulated, standardized, and used in the industry to combat bacterial infections. However, non-judicious drugs can lead to pharmacological problems and induction of toxicity in fishes, leaving them less suitable for human consumption. These drugs can be supplemented with the natural herb plants having antibacterial activities, although they cannot be used solely to curb the menace. Therefore, the review put forth an idea, which plant herbs can be used as antibacterial drugs in fishes.
Factors affecting progression of renal insufficiency.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors affecting chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) progression at diagnosis (markers of progression), their spontaneous or therapy-induced behavior, and their relationship to CRI progression during follow-up. The underlying disease is the 'determinant factor' of progression and although clinical trials usually report crude cumulative renal survival without taking into account concomitant risk factors, it is known that diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and glomerulonephritis are more progressive than nephroangiosclerosis and interstitial nephropathy. Among the 'effect modifiers,' the baseline level of renal function, hypertension, and proteinuria are the most important. The adverse synergistic effects of proteinuria and high blood pressure have been confirmed, and the importance of correcting hypertension (systemic and glomerular) and proteinuria for slowing disease progression has also been demonstrated. The potential adverse role of a high-protein intake, strongly suggested by experimental studies and the clinical data of uncontrolled trials, has been challenged by the data coming from large controlled trials. The role of lipids needs to be clarified by prospective randomized trials, but the effects of therapeutic interventions aimed at correcting lipid abnormalities seem very promising. The association between the DD genotype of the gene encoding the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and an increased risk of renal function loss is under evaluation with the aim of identifying the patients who may most benefit from ACE inhibition.
Importance of Hip and Core Muscles Strength Exercises in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent cause of disability. It typically affects women more frequently than men, and as people age, it becomes more widespread. Apart from inflicting pain and impairment and affecting Quality of Life (QoL), OA raises the likelihood of mortality as well as morbidity. Regular exercise has been demonstrated to lessen knee OA discomfort. The objective of the present review is to draw attention to the body of research on the positive effects of hip and core strengthening exercises for individuals with knee OA. Electronic searches were conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to gather the appropriate information. The results of the review suggest that exercises for the hip and core muscles are quite beneficial for individuals with OA in their knees. However, there has been little scholarly study on core muscle strengthening, and it is not a frequently used method to treat OA in the knee. Research suggests that strengthening the hip and core muscles is a very effective exercise regimen for people with knee OA, improving their functional status, pain management, and QoL.
Inclusionary Emergency Management Planning: Floridian Emergency Management Planners’ Orientations and Perceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The need for effective inclusionary planning practices is paramount in the whole community approach within emergency management. However, accountability, legitimacy, bureaucratic discretion, and a planner’s perspective on public involvement can limit the ability to effectively include the public in emergency management planning processes. Through survey and focus group analysis of county-level emergency management planners in Florida, this preliminary study explores the implications of these factors for effectively engaging in democratic policy and planning development within the realm of emergency management. We provide recommendations for practitioners attempting to engage the public and suggestions for future research.