jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High‐speed gas chromatography using an on‐column thermal desorption modulator

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A short, narrow‐bore (50 μm) column with an on‐column thermal desorp‐ tion modulator provides a technically simple and reliable method to generate high‐ speed gas chromatograms. A thermal desorption modulator prepared on the column but operated at a lower temperature functions as a sample introduction device. The modulator portion of the column extends outside of the oven and is at room temperature. A sample stream flows continuously into the modulator and through it into the column. Retained sample is released from the modulator by an electricaliy generated temperature pulse and carried into the column as a concentration pulse analogous to a sharp injecfion. Because the modulator is part of the column, no external injector is needed, and the volume of the concentration pulse is automatically appropriate for the column diameter. A series of chromatograms can be generated from a continuously flowing sample stream by applying a series of temperature pulses to the modulator. The narrow‐bore column is highly efficient and generates chromatograms with total retention times as short as 1 s. Chromatographic efficiency reaches the column's the oretical limit at very high carrier gas linear velocity. Measured terminal band lengths are shorter than the length of the modulator because the thermal gradient between modulator and column focuses bands as they enter the column. Band durations are less than the modulator thermal pulse duration because sample substances are released from the modulator stationary phase and carried onto the column during a small part of the temperature ramp.
CSD 2150171: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A wideband high-gain transistor amplifier at L-band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent progress in microwave transistor manufacturing technology has stimulated the application of transistors to microwave devices. This paper will describe a wideband high gain L-band transistor amplifier which consists of six common-emitter stages on a printed circuit board. The author describes an experimental transistor capable of providing 5-db gain per stage out to almost 2 Gc. The circuit diagram of a single-stage common-emitter amplifier is given. The emitter is grounded for rf frequencies by means of a large capacitance, and the input signal is applied to the base through a series capacitance. The collector is grounded for dc through an rf choke. To prevent rf leakage to bias circuits, the dc voltages of the emitter and base are applied through low-pass networks. A series combination of a resistor and a parallel resonant circuit in the collector circuit secures low-frequency stability, and a low-pass type output network improves output impedance matching and peaks up the gain at the high-frequency edge of the band.
Control approaches for a cylinder wake by electromagnetic force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The reduction of drag force and suppression of vortex shedding on a circular cylinder in electrically poorly-conducting water can be realized by utilizing the Lorentz forces. In order to control the cylinder wake effectively, three kinds of control approach, i.e. open-loop, closed-loop and optimal control methods, are proposed and discussed in the present paper. Constant Lorentz forces are used in the open-loop control process, and Lorentz forces are varied to target the zero total drag or the zero pressure drag coefficients during the control process in two closed-loop control procedures. The purpose of optimal flow control is to determine controls that effectively tailor the flow, and the key element of an optimal flow control is the minimization of a cost functional that provides a quantitative measure of the objective. Numerical simulation of the theoretical models is performed in the exponential–polar coordinates system, from which it has been shown that the above three methods can suppress the vortex shedding successfully; moreover, during the control process, the optimal control needs less energy than the closed-loop control method targeting a zero total drag or pressure drag coefficients.
The study of the expression and clinical significance of MMP-2 and HGF in pancreatic carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the expression and significance of MMP-2 and HGF in pancreatic carcinoma, and analyze the correlation between MMP-2 and HGF. Methods The expression of MMP-2 and HGF were examined by immunohistochemical technique in 21 cases of pancreatic carcinomas, cancer-adjacent tissues and 12 cases of normal tissues, than analyzed the correlation about them. Results MMP-2 and HGF expression were higher in pancreatic carcinoma tissues than those in the cancer-adjacent and normal pancreatic tissues (MMP-2:71.4% vs.14.3%, 8.3%, P0.01; HGF: 66.7% vs. 14.3%, 0%, P0.01). In lymph node metastasis cases, the positive expression of MMP-2 was 95.2%, HGF was 100%. With tumor differentiation degree reduced, the positive expression of MMP-2 in pancreatic carcinoma was increased(P0.05).The correlation expression of MMP-2 and HGF was found (P0.05). Conclusions MMP-2 and HGF highly express in pancreatic carcinoma; and the expression of MMP-2 and HGF is closed correlated with lymph node metastasis; the expression between them also has a relationship.
[Conservative treatment of chyle fistula of the neck following a reintervention of cervical bilateral lymphectomy for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chyle fistula is an uncommon serious complication of neck surgery, occurring in 1-3% of radical neck dissections. An untreated chyle leak is a potentially dangerous condition that may rarely lead to hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypoproteinemia and lymphopenia. Anatomic variants of the terminal portion of the thoracic duct and suction drainage in the neck wound play a primary role in causing this kind of lesion. Poor is the literature concerning chyle fistula, due to its rarity, and mostly case reports; still debated--prevalently empiric--is the management of this disease. The Authors report a case of chyle fistula following a reintervention of cervical bilateral lymphectomy for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in a 75 years old female. In the reported case the chyle fistula was successfully treated conservatively, in early post-operative period with a low-fat diet and total parenteral nutrition, definitely followed by sclerosant therapy. The injection of a sclerosant agent (4 g of sterile medical talc diluted in isotonic sodium chloride solution) into the supraclavicular wound bed, through the drainage tube (clamped for 2 hours), determined rapid decline in fistula output, hence obviating surgical intervention.
Histopathologic Features of the Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Involvement of Tarsal Elastin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Patients with the floppy eyelid syndrome have chronic papillary conjunctivitis with easily everted upper eyelids and a soft, pliant upper tarsus. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features and the histopathologic correlate in a group of patients with floppy eyelid syndrome. Methods: The authors examined eight patients with floppy eyelid syndrome, four of whom underwent surgical management with horizontal eyelid shortening. Eyelid tissue from these patients was examined using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry and compared with controls with unrelated eyelid or orbital disorders. Results: Clinical findings included obesity or eye rubbing, lash ptosis, and, less commonly, blepharoptosis. Two patients had documented sleep apnea with abnormal sleep electroencephalogram. Light microscopy of the surgical specimens showed chronic conjunctival inflammation, papillary conjunctivitis, and meibomian gland abnormalities, including granuloma formation. Verhoeff's modified elastin stain demonstrated a marked decrease in the amount of elastin fibers in tarsus from patients with floppy eyelid syndrome compared with controls. Immunohistochemical staining for elastin also showed a marked decrease of tarsal elastin in floppy eyelid patients compared with controls. In contrast, immunohistochemical stains showed that the distribution of collagen types I and III was similar between patients with floppy eyelid syndrome and controls. Electron microscopy demonstrated that tarsal collagen was comparable in patients and controls, and that there was a reduced amount of tarsal elastin in floppy eyelid syndrome compared with controls. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that tarsal elastin is decreased in the floppy eyelid syndrome, which may contribute to the laxity of the tarsus in this disorder.
The Cool Japan Project and the Globalization of Anime and Manga in the United States

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

: This research paper will primarily discuss the impact that Japanese animation and manga have had on American popular culture and the subsequent cult following they developed. It will discuss what distinguishes Japanese animation from Western animation, how Japanese animation initially gained popularity among American audiences, and how it has subsequently impacted American popular culture. This paper will also focus on the subculture of otaku, a group of people known for their devoted following to Japanese animation and comic books. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relative popularity of Japanese animation and manga amongst American audiences as an example of globalization impacting the United States from another country.
Affine formation of multi-agent systems over directed graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a simple, distributed control protocol for multi-agent systems with relative sensing capability over a directed network to achieve an affine formation. In contrast to the linear consensus protocol, the control protocol in this paper takes both positive and negative weights that partially encode the target formation shape and is thus able to achieve a formation pattern rather than just consensus. Having possibly negative weights in a graph, the associated Laplacian is called the generalized Laplacian. The connection between the generic rank property of the generalized Laplacian and the connectivity of a directed graph is established, based on which a necessary and sufficient graphical condition is developed to ensure the emergence of an affine formation by the proposed distributed control protocol.
Cybercriminal Networks, Social Ties and Online Forums: Social Ties Versus Digital Ties within Phishing and Malware Networks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online forums serve as offender convergence settings for cybercriminals, but it is unknown whether all cybercriminal networks use forums. Important questions are how cybercriminals meet, how cybercriminal networks develop and what this means for the criminal capabilities of these networks. To gain insight into these questions, we analysed 18 criminal investigations into phishing and malware networks and developed four models of growth. Social ties still play an important role in the origin and growth of the majority of networks. Forums, however, also play a significant role in a number of networks, for example, to find suitable co-offenders or to get into contact with enablers. Criminals with access to forums are able to increase criminal capabilities of their network relatively quickly.
Office of the Special Advisor Deployment Analysis, 1992-04-29/1992-05-02

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Office of the Special Advisor Deployment Analysis, summary of total deployment of LAPD, national guard, CHP, Sheriff's, attorney work product, 1992 April 29 - 1992 May 2. PART OF SERIES: The series is comprised of detailed analyses of incidents that occurred during the 1992 Los Angeles riots. Included are graphs, statistics, figures, and spreadsheets that summarize data involving police deployment, incident calls, structural fires, and arrests. Materials are presented through charts, graphs, tables, and a group of floppy disks.
The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane targets pathways of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in human pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Anticancer effects of the dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane were investigated in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Sulforaphane-treated cells accumulated in metaphase as determined by flow cytometry [4C DNA content, cyclin A(−), cyclin B1(+), and phospho-histone H3 (Ser10)(+)]. In addition, treated cells showed nuclear apoptotic morphology that coincided with an activation of caspase-8, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and loss of plasma membrane integrity. The initial detection of caspase-3 cleavage occurring in G2-M arrest was independent of a change in phospho-cdc2 (Tyr15) protein; consequently, sulforaphane treatment combined with UCN-01 had no significant impact on cellular toxicity. Incubations at higher sulforaphane doses (&gt;10 μmol/L) resulted in cleavage of caspase-3 in the G1 subpopulation, suggesting that the induction of apoptosis and the sulforaphane-induced mitosis delay at the lower dose are independently regulated. Cellular toxicity in MIA PaCa-2, and to a greater extent in PANC-1, was positively correlated with a decrease in cellular glutathione levels, whereas sustained increases in glutathione observed in MIA PaCa-2 cells or the simultaneous incubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine in PANC-1 cells were associated with resistance to sulforaphane-induced apoptosis. Daily sulforaphane i.p. injections (375 μmol/kg/d for 3 weeks) in severe combined immunodeficient mice with PANC-1 s.c. tumors resulted in a decrease of mean tumor volume by 40% compared with vehicle-treated controls. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, sulforaphane may have activity in established pancreatic cancer.
Schools as Subjective Singularities. The Inventions of Schools in Durkheim’s L’evolution pedagogique en France

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L’évolution pédagogique en France, is one of the major instances of Durkheim’s research, and has long remained in the shadows even among the specialists. The author proposes to reconsider its importance, as it brings about a series of discoveries about the very category of school, and its farsighted sociological views on the relationship between education and society. Durkheim’s analyses prove that schools have been the result of singular intellectual inventions and reinventions, at the core of which lie the overlapping intersections of knowing, thinking and teaching.
Effect of Injection Safety Mobile Application for Nursing Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design conducted to determine the effect on knowledge and performance confidence in injection safety by applying an injection safety education program using a mobile application to nursing students. The study subjects were 49 second-year nursing students at a university in C province. Data analysis was performed by using the IBM SPSS 26.0 program. The experimental group was provided with printed materials on injection safety and the mobile application, while the control group was provided with the printed materials only. Both groups were allowed to self-study for seven days. General characteristics were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The homogeneity between the two groups was analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher’s exact test, and pre-and post-test differences in knowledge and performance confidence between the experimental and control groups were analyzed with an independent t-test. The experimental group had significantly higher knowledge of injection safety (t=3.07, p=.004) and performance confidence (t=3.53, p=.001) than the control group. In addition, the difference in scores of knowledge (t=2.20, p=.034) and performance confidence (t=3.08, p=.003) in the experimental group significantly improved, compared to the control group. This study identified that the injection safety application was effectively improved nursing students’ injection safety knowledge and performance confidence. In addition, the results of this study will provide substantial evidence for the use of applications as an educational medium for nursing students’ injection safety practices in the future.
Acid, acrylamide and zeolite modification of cellulosic esparto fibers for dyes decolourisation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The decolourisation of reactive and cationic dyes by physical and chemical modified esparto fibers was investigated. Previously the decolourisation of reactive dyes only had been tested and optimized using untreated esparto fibers and those reinforced by zeolite. Non-treated cellulosic esparto fibers can absorb an important amount of dyes. In order to improve absorption properties of esparto fibers, chemical graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AA), itaconic acid (IA), and a mixture of acrylamide and IA was performed using potassium persulfate as initiator. The effect of physical modification by zeolite was investigated. Reinforced zeolite esparto fibers were obtained from cellulose esparto fibers pre-treated with NaOH, and preformed zeolite powders. The IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal behavior, as well as the surface morphology of the treated fibers were also studied. The results showed that zeolite treated esparto fibers (the first time application of this kind) are more efficient adsorbents than luffa fibers.
School Leadership and Professional Autonomy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School autonomy remains an elusive term in research, policy and practice as does the role of the leader under its various manifestations. The purpose of this article is to illuminate the issues and describe new perspectives and important breakthroughs that may help manage if not resolve some of the associated tensions. This paper draws on two sets of studies. The first culminated in the International Project to Frame the Transformation of Schools conducted in 2007 in Australia, China, England, Finland, United States and Wales and funded jointly by the Australian Government and Welsh Assembly Government. Findings were reported by Caldwell and Harris (2008). The second was part of the International Study on School Autonomy and Learning, conducted from 2014 to 2017 by teams of researchers from Australia, Canada, China (Hong Kong), England, Israel and Singapore. While selected findings are reported here, accounts of developments in the six countries are contained in a special issue of the International Journal of Educational Management (2016). The Australian contribution was supported by funds from the Australian Government and was conducted in two stages (1) 2014 and 2015 (Caldwell, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c) and (2) 2017 (Caldwell, 2018). The article deals with (1) reframing leadership as capital formation; (2) refocusing to emphasise professional autonomy rather than structural autonomy; (3) leadership roles in different national contexts; (4) school leadership, professional autonomy and curriculum; and (5) preparation and professional learning of leaders in high-performing countries.
Development of High Thermal Conductivity Aluminum Nitride Ceramic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

AIN ceramics with densities varying from 3.18 to 3.30 g/cm 3 and room‐temperature thermal conductivities varying from 88 to 193 W/m K were produced. Different sintering conditions, packing powders, AIN powder sources, carbon additive, and sintering times were evaluated, and the key processing parameters which cause the differences in density and thermal conductivity were identified. SEM, TEM, and EDS were used to characterize the correlation between thermal conductivity, microstructure, and processing parameters. The important parameters which control the thermal conductivity of AIN ceramics are discussed.
Massive MIMO Channel Prediction Using Machine Learning: Power of Domain Transformation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To compensate the loss from outdated channel state information in wideband massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) systems, channel prediction can be performed by leveraging the temporal correlation of wireless channels. Machine learning (ML)-based channel predictors for massive MIMO systems were designed recently; however, the time overhead to collect a large amount of training data directly affects the latency of the system. In this paper, we propose a novel ML-based channel prediction technique, which can reduce the time overhead to collect the training data by transforming the domain of channels from subcarrier to antenna in wideband massive MIMO systems. Numerical results show that the proposed technique can not only reduce the time overhead but also give additional performance gain compared to the ML-based channel prediction techniques without the domain transformation.
Microscopy and DNA‐based characterization of sinking particles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study station point to zooplankton mediation of particle flux

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Plankton‐derived, microscopic, and macroscopic sinking aggregates constitute most of the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the oceans. While the flux of particulate organic matter and associated elements has been quantified at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) station for several decades, we lack an understanding of the source and composition of sinking particles, as well as the fate of predominant phytoplankton taxa. We determined the composition of individual sinking particles and their microbial communities in the upper 300 m depth at the BATS station in fall 2017 and spring 2018 by image analysis and V4 amplicon sequencing of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes. The sinking particles were primarily composed of phytodetrital aggregates, fecal aggregates, and fecal pellets. In the fall, phytodetrital aggregates were numerically dominant and drove the majority of the POC flux; however, in the spring, particle flux of all particle categories declined below 150 m, and the POC flux at 200 m shifted to one driven by fecal aggregates. The relative composition of the microbial communities associated with phytodetrital and fecal aggregates were statistically indistinguishable in both seasons, and prokaryotic taxa known to be associated with the gut microbiomes of zooplankton were indicators of the sinking particles. Our results point to the utilization and modification of sinking particles by resident midwater zooplankton populations, and to fecal pellets as the predominant mechanism transporting picophytoplankton to depth.