jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Central and North Kashmir, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a dreadful zoonotic neglected disease that affects public health globally. The infection is highly endemic in northern India (Kashmir valley). The present survey based study was done to know the seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis infection among residents of north and central Kashmir valley and to identify risk variables linked to this infection. In addition to collecting 462 serum samples (244 males and 218 females), a questionnaire was also filled out for each participant utilizing systematic random sampling from June to November 2019 in 16 villages and 6 districts. Using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the samples were tested for immunoglobulin G. Of the 462 serum samples obtained, 33 (7.14 percent) were found to be positive. Results showed that age group, gender, contact with dogs, occupation, and literacy rate were significantly related with the rate of seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis infection in Central and North Kashmir. Statistics showed that the observations were significant (P< 0.05). Children, men, and those who were uneducated had considerably greater rates of seropositivity for this infection.
Comparison of body measurements of beef cows of different breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Body measurements of 110 beef cows of 9 breeds (Hungarian Simmental, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Red Angus, Lincoln Red, Shaver, Charolais, Limousin and Blonde d’Aquitaine) were taken in December 2004. The absolute, relative measurements and measurement indices moreover correlations between age, live weight and measurements were evaluated and compared for the mentioned breeds. Animals in study were born between 1989 and 2002, kept on the same condition on peat-bog soil pasture at Keszthely. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among breeds in most of the body measurements. Blonde d’ Aquitaine was the heaviest in live weight (638 kg), highest as for the height at withers (142.5 cm), height at rump (146.6 cm) and length of the body (151.5 cm). Limousin had longest measurements as for the length of the rump (47.4 cm) and width of the rump (58.3 cm). Shaver had the longest width between shoulders (52.9 cm) and width of the head (25.1 cm) while Lincoln Red the longest length of the head (52.8 cm). The correlations between live weight and measurements were medium or strong positive (r = 0.40–0.83), between age and measurements slight positive (r = 0.01–0.46), among the different measurements medium or strong positive (r = 0.22–0.81).
Mean-field behavior of cluster dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic behavior of cluster algorithms is analyzed in the classical mean\nfield limit. Rigorous analytical results below $T_c$ establish that the dynamic\nexponent has the value $z_{sw}=1$ for the Swendsen-Wang algorithm and\n$z_{uw}=0$ for the Wolff algorithm.\n An efficient Monte Carlo implementation is introduced, adapted for using\nthese algorithms for fully connected graphs. Extensive simulations both above\nand below $T_c$ demonstrate scaling and evaluate the finite-size scaling\nfunction by means of a rather impressive collapse of the data.\n
Type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase modulates adherens junction and E-cadherin trafficking via a direct interaction with μ1B adaptin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Assembly of E-cadherin–based adherens junctions (AJ) is obligatory for establishment of polarized epithelia and plays a key role in repressing the invasiveness of many carcinomas. Here we show that type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIγ) directly binds to E-cadherin and modulates E-cadherin trafficking. PIPKIγ also interacts with the μ subunits of clathrin adaptor protein (AP) complexes and acts as a signalling scaffold that links AP complexes to E-cadherin. Depletion of PIPKIγ or disruption of PIPKIγ binding to either E-cadherin or AP complexes results in defects in E-cadherin transport and blocks AJ assembly. An E-cadherin germline mutation that loses PIPKIγ binding and shows disrupted basolateral membrane targeting no longer forms AJs and leads to hereditary gastric cancers. These combined results reveal a novel mechanism where PIPKIγ serves as both a scaffold, which links E-cadherin to AP complexes and the trafficking machinery, and a regulator of trafficking events via the spatial generation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.
The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main finding of this paper is that the European Union (EU) countries fall into two broad groups according to the effects of monetary policy adjustments on economic activity.Estimates based on a vector autoregression model indicate that the full effects of a contractionary monetary shock on output in one group ofEU countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom) take roughly twice as long to occur, but are almost twice as deep as in the other group (Denmark, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden).The paper discusses the implications of these results for the effective conduct of monetary policy in the euro area.
Avena sativa L. JP 38523

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Avena sativa L.
Common name(s): Oat
Other names: FERGUSON OAT T S 9400
Conserved by: NARO Genebank (NARO), Japan
Local sample unique identifier: JP 38523
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1987-01-21
Historical: No
Biological status: Other
MLS status: Included
New Practice Adoption: Predicting the Gap Between Routine as Designed and Routine as Realized

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses the question of what drives the adoption of new routines. The adoption of new routines is described in the literature as difficult or imperfect, and the degree to which firms are successful in adopting new or changing existing routines varies considerably. In this study, to explain new routine adoption, I consider how beliefs about the impact of the new practices will shape the extent to which change is perceived as aligned with professional norms, and subsequently, degree of adoption. My empirical analysis employs a sample consisting of a survey to 1,248 healthcare professionals about their beliefs regarding the expected impact of a new EHR system and 32,460 patient encounters following the launch of the system, where each encounter reflects the set of medical activities undertaken by a care unit (i.e., physicians and nurses) responsible for the care of a patient for a given admission. I find that belief that the EHR system will improve patient care, an outcome aligned with professional norms, will reduce the size of the gap between routine as designed and routine as realized. My results also indicate that this relationship is strongest for highly experienced units with low variation in beliefs. This study contributes to literature in organizational routines by providing insight into how beliefs shape the interpretation and realization of particular routines and the ultimate impacts of these beliefs on the firm’s ability to engage in change.
A New Flame AAS Application for Magnesium Determination in Solid Pharmaceutical Preparations as an Active Ingredient and an Excipient

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: A new application of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) has been carried out to determine magnesium in its solid preparations (effervescent and uncoated compressed tablets) as an active ingredient and/or excipient. Methodology: The linear range of magnesium was determined. A sample of magnesium effervescent tablets was analyzed. Magnesium stearate concentration was also indirectly determined in commercial paracetamol tablets using two digestion methods. Finally, a sample of drug-free tablets (only contain excipients) was analyzed to study the effect of talc on total magnesium content of the sample. Results: Linear range was observed in concentrations between 0.08-0.40 ug/mL of magnesium. Effervescent tablets samples were recovered in the range between 98.66-103.00% which indicates that the product meets specifications. For paracetamol tablets, the content of magnesium stearate was in average of 0.2% and there is no differences between the two digestion methods (t=0.454). Our work on the drug-free sample proved a significant increase of magnesium concentrations in the presence of talc. Conclusion: The AAS method is a simple and rapid technique that can be employed for the simultaneous estimation of magnesium in in-process and final products analyses.
Sense of belonging based on novel posting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – Although novel posting is a universal phenomenon in virtual communities (VCs), few studies have addressed the benefits of novel posting for group members. The purpose of this paper is to identify the social and psychological outcomes of novel posting, particularly whether and how sense of belonging can be produced by it. Sense of belonging implies an individual’s integration or assimilation into virtual groups. Design/methodology/approach – To assess the theoretical model, a survey was administered in an internet discussion community (Baidu Post Bar in China), and structural equation modeling was then used to test the model. Findings – Novel posting can produce social and psychological outcomes, such as social interaction ties, group-based self-esteem and sense of belonging. Novel posting is an individualized behavior, which some studies consider to conflict with sense of belonging; however, via the mediating effects of social interaction ties and group-based self-esteem, sense of belonging can also arise based on novel posting. Practical implications – VC operators should focus on differentiating between irrational posts and novel posts and encourage the latter. Additionally, to satisfy members’ needs, VC operators should strengthen the degree of social interaction ties and members’ self-esteem by providing attractive topics and virtual rankings. Originality/value – This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the social and psychological outcomes of novel posting and, more importantly, whether and how sense of belonging arises on the basis of individualized behavior.
Becoming a parent under unfamiliar circumstances : restorative and energy-draining experiences of skin-to-skin care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim was to synthesize and interpret findings from the body of research on parental experiences of SSC.Methods: Four databases were searched, without language limitations, up until December 2013. Manual searches were also performed. After a quality-appraisal process, data from the original articles were extracted. The meta-study comprised a meta-analysis, using qualitative content analysis, and subsequently an analysis of meta-method, and meta-theory, and finally the meta-synthesis.Results: 29 original qualitative papers from 9 countries, reporting experiences from 401 mothers and 94 fathers were included. When synthesizing and interpreting the findings from the included analyses, a theoretical model of Becoming a parent under unfamiliar circumstances emerged. Providing SSC seems to be a restorative as well as an energy-draining experience. A supportive environment has been described as facilitating the restorative experience, whereas obstacles in the environment seem to make the provision of SSC energy-draining for parents. When the process is experienced as positive, it facilitates the growth of parental self-esteem and makes the parents ready to assume full responsibility for their childConclusion: The results show that SSC can be interpreted not only as a family-including and important health care intervention but also in terms of actually becoming a parent. The process of becoming a parent in this specific situation is influenced by external factors in three different levels; family and friends, community, and society at large. The descriptions of providing SSC are similar to what has previously been described as the natural process of becoming a mother or a father.
Littering in protected areas: a conservation and management challenge – a case study from the Autonomous Region of Madrid, Spain

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines issues surrounding littering in protected areas (PAs), one of the most ubiquitous and conspicuous impacts of tourism activity. In addition to obvious visual, landscape-affecting impacts, litter may have hazardous consequences for biodiversity and humans. In order to precisely assess littering in a densely populated region with high levels of visitation to natural and protected areas, we counted, measured and classified all types of non-organic litter covering an area of 1 cm2 or more found on the ground in zones intensively used by visitors (picnic areas and paths) within the 10 PAs of the Autonomous Region of Madrid. On average, 11.65 m2/ha of litter were recorded in those zones. Strict visitor management measures greatly reduced that figure. Over 75% of all litter was paper and cardboard, and plastic; 88% of litter coverage was by large pieces over 25 cm2 in size. We tested the hypothesis that the amount of waste found on paths is correlated with the distance to the entrance to a PA, but no general model fitted actual litter distribution patterns, although empirical results backed the hypothesis for most cases. A range of waste management strategies are explored and litter management measures suggested for problematic PAs. 保护区域的垃圾问题：一种对话和管理挑战。马德里自治区为例 乱抛垃圾是旅游对保护区域最普及和最明显的影响之一。在最明显的视觉和景观受到的影响之上，垃圾问题可能对生态多样性和人类造成有害的后果。为了精确地评估在有着密集居住区域和大量游客数量的自然和保护地区里乱抛垃圾的影响，我们在马德里自治区的10大保护区域里那些被游客密集使用的地方（野餐地和游步道）计算了，衡量了并且分类了所有非有机垃圾的种类。平均来说，在这些区域内，尽管严格的游客管理方法大大地减轻垃圾的数量，但每公顷里11.65平方米的地方仍被覆盖着垃圾。75%的垃圾是纸和纸板，还有塑料。我们测试了一个假设，游步道上发现的垃圾的数量是和一个保护区从入口到这些游步道的距离有关联的，但是在对考虑到的游步道边垃圾的排放并没有作出综合的适合的研究模式。然而，案例的结果支持了考虑到的假设。最后，我们探讨了不同的废物管理战略和对一些问题严重的保护区建议一些垃圾管理办法。 Keywords: visitor impactlitteringprotected areasmanagementAutonomous Region of Madridzones intensively used by visitors关键词: 旅游者影响乱抛垃圾保护区域管理马德里的自治区 Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Javier Martínez Vega for his useful comments on the early drafts of this paper, and José Manuel Rojo, and Jorge Morales, of the Spanish National Research Council, for their assistance with data analyses and figure composition.
Hispanic and black US children's paths to high adolescent obesity prevalence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary What is already known about this subject The prevalence of child obesity in the U.S. is higher among Hispanic and black than white children. Racial/ethnic disparities have widened with the development of the child‐obesity epidemic. Obese minority children are at greater risk of being obese also as adults. What this study adds By 8 th grade, Hispanic and black children are both 50% more likely to be obese than are non‐Hispanic white children. High obesity emerges more strongly by Kindergarten age among Hispanic children than among black children. Overweight and obese Hispanic and black children are less likely to return to normal weight levels than are overweight and obese white children. Objective The study aims to identify the ages contributing most to the development of higher obesity prevalence in the 8th grade (approximately age 14) among H ispanic and black children than among non‐ H ispanic white children in the U nited S tates. Methods Using the nationally representative E arly C hildhood L ongitudinal S tudy ( ECLS‐K ), a sample of 17 420 children in kindergarten in 1999, followed in 1st, 3rd, 5th and 8th grades through 2007, was analysed. First, ‘normal’, ‘overweight’ and ‘obese’ weight‐status categories in each grade were assigned from US C enters for D isease C ontrol body mass index percentiles. Second, probabilities of being in each of the three weight‐status categories in kindergarten and of transitioning between categories after kindergarten were estimated by logistic regression. These probabilities were then used as parameters of a weight‐status trajectory simulation model from which a decomposition analysis was performed. Results Obesity prevalence in the 8th grade was equally high among H ispanic (25.0%, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 22.3, 27.8%) and black children (25.1%; 95% CI : 20.9, 29.6%) compared to white children (17.4%; 95% CI : 15.9, 19.0%). As much as 73% of the H ispanic–white 8th grade obesity disparity was generated by 3rd grade and 44% by kindergarten. In contrast, only 15% of the black–white obesity 8th grade disparity was generated by kindergarten, whereas 75% was generated between the 3rd and 8th grades and 53% between the 5th and 8th grades. Conclusions Although adolescent obesity is equally prevalent among H ispanic and black children, obesity emerges and is sustained earlier in H ispanic children. Diagnosis and prevention strategies should be designed accordingly.
Why Incorporating the Taxation on Remanufactured Products May Not Make The World Better?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Remanufacturing reduces the consumptions of energy and raw materials while causing damage to the environment in the process of raw materials extraction, production, use, recycling, and disposal. Some regulators encourage the firms to remanufacture, and the others levy environmental tax (such as carbon tax) to make the firms internalize environmental cost. Thus, the effect of incorporating the taxation on remanufactured products on the world needs to be examined. This paper mainly explores the situations where incorporating tax on remanufactured products may not make the world better in the context of triple bottom line thinking (namely, economic, environment, and social welfare). Using a Stackelberg game model for two cases with and without tax on remanufactured products, we first characterize the optimal solutions for the manufacturer and analyze the effects of imposing tax on remanufactured products on production, economy, and environment. Our analysis shows that incorporating the tax on remanufactured products can mitigate the cannibalization of remanufactured products and promote the demand for new products in low tax interval. If the tax price is low and consumers consider that the remanufactured product is environment-friendly enough, incorporating the tax on remanufactured products brings a “lose-lose” situation where the economic and environmental performances of the manufacturer are simultaneously damaged. This warns the regulators that there is no need to impose tax on remanufactured products when the environmental awareness of consumers is strong enough under the low-tax price. From the social welfare perspective, we determine the optimal tax price level and discuss the situation where incorporating tax on remanufactured products makes the welfare worse.
Demographics, habits, and clinical presentation of oral cancer in Puducherry′s population: An institutional experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Oral cancer ranks among the top three of all cancers in India and accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country. More than one-third of these are preventable by avoiding deleterious habits. Although the term oral cancer encompasses all malignant tumors that originate from the oral tissues, 90% of these are squamous cell carcinomas confirmed histologically. Aim and Objective: 1. To assess the demographic profile of patients with oral cancer in Puducherry's population. 2. To evaluate if any correlation exists among the habits, primary site, and clinical presentation of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data concerning oral cancer patients were retrieved from the archives of our institution from 2009 to 2014 and tabulated for further statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Chi-square test was used to assess the correlation between variables ( P Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.35. The mean age at presentation was 53 years; the incidence increased with age and more steeply in females. Smokeless tobacco was used in 69.3% of the cases. Mandibular alveolobuccal complex and buccal mucosa were the most common primary sites. Though no statistically significant correlation ( P > 0.05) was found between habits and the primary site, the palate was more commonly involved in smokers. Clinical presentation was ulceroproliferative in 67.19% of the cases but no significant correlation ( P > 0.05) was seen among age, gender, habits, and clinical presentation. 80% of the patients reported within 3 months of onset of symptoms and 66% were in TNM Stage 3. Conclusion: Through our study, we have tried to sketch the demographic profile of Puducherry's population with oral cancer but this is just the tip of a massive upsurging iceberg in the subcontinent.
Analisis Stakeholder dalam Percepatan Penggunaan Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai di Kota Jambi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the role and influence of stakeholders in accelerating the adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) in Jambi City, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this research identifies and maps key stakeholders, analyzes their influence and interests, and examines the implementation of BEV policies in Jambi City. The results indicate that despite commitments from various parties, BEV implementation still faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of infrastructure, regulation, and public awareness. The Jambi City Government plays a crucial role as facilitator and regulator, but successful implementation heavily depends on effective synergy and collaboration among stakeholders. This study recommends comprehensive strategies to optimize stakeholder roles, including developing local regulations, accelerating infrastructure development, and enhancing public education. With a holistic and collaborative approach, Jambi City has the potential to become a model for successful BEV adoption in medium-sized cities in Indonesia.
kangaroo, a Mobile Element From Volvox carteri, Is a Member of a Newly Recognized Third Class of Retrotransposons

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Retrotransposons play an important role in the evolution of genomic structure and function. Here we report on the characterization of a novel retrotransposon called kangaroo from the multicellular green alga, Volvox carteri. kangaroo elements are highly mobile and their expression is developmentally regulated. They probably integrate via double-stranded, closed-circle DNA intermediates through the action of an encoded recombinase related to the λ-site-specific integrase. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that kangaroo elements are closely related to other unorthodox retrotransposons including PAT (from a nematode), DIRS-1 (from Dictyostelium), and DrDIRS1 (from zebrafish). PAT and kangaroo both contain split direct repeat (SDR) termini, and here we show that DIRS-1 and DrDIRS1 elements contain terminal features structurally related to SDRs. Thus, these mobile elements appear to define a third class of retrotransposons (the DIRS1 group) that are unified by common structural features, genes, and integration mechanisms, all of which differ from those of LTR and conventional non-LTR retrotransposons.
ERP evidence for the rapid within-trial control adaptation during conflict resolution

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The project includes the materials related to the study: Kałamała, P., Ociepka, M., & Chuderski, A. (2020). ERP evidence for rapid within-trial adaptation of cognitive control during conflict resolution. Cortex, 131, 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.07.012