jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climate change‐sensitive hydrologic design under uncertain future precipitation extremes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Precipitation as an important component of hydrologic cycle bears a significant influence on hydrologic design and water resources management. The uncertainties associated with future climate change coupled with limitations of climate change models and uncertainties in projections, our inability to quantify these introduce additional complexities in hydrologic design using future precipitation extremes. A new optimal compromise hydrologic design of a stormsewer system using a fuzzy mixed integer nonlinear mathematical programming (MINLP) model with discrete, binary variables and logical constraints is developed and evaluated in this study. Preferences of hydrologists toward expected uncertain future changes in precipitation extremes are modeled using linear, nonlinear, triangular and Gaussian fuzzy membership functions. Methods for deriving membership functions based on multimodel multiple scenario GCM‐based simulations are also suggested. Incorporation of triangular functions in optimization formulation required the use of binary variables. A hypothetical hydrologic design example with realistic parameter values is used to obtain compromise elements of stormsewer system. Results from the study suggest a compromise design is possible based on the preferences and a balance between over and under design of stormsewer infrastructure is achievable. The nature of membership functions reflecting the preferences attached to future extremes influence the optimal solutions obtained resulting in changes in cost‐based performance measures.
Automatic Translation Alignment Pipeline for Multilingual Digital Editions of Literary Works

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the application of translation alignment algorithms in the creation of a Multilingual Digital Edition (MDE) of Alessandro Manzoni's Italian novel "I promessi sposi" ("The Betrothed"), with translations in eight languages (English, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Polish, Russian and Chinese) from the 19th and 20th centuries. We identify key requirements for the MDE to improve both the reader experience and support for translation studies. Our research highlights the limitations of current state-of-the-art algorithms when applied to the translation of literary texts and outlines an automated pipeline for MDE creation. This pipeline transforms raw texts into web-based, side-by-side representations of original and translated texts with different rendering options. In addition, we propose new metrics for evaluating the alignment of literary translations and suggest visualization techniques for future analysis.
Editor 19s introduction: minor histories of the Pacific

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This issue of AHR takes as its focus variations on the theme of minor history. Sudesh Mishra reminds us that minor histories are concerned not so much with excluded events as with events that are included within major historical narratives as exceptions to the norm. They constitute asides, snippets and fragments that depart from the dominant account. Since they are dangerous supplements, they are openly acknowledged in the major account but as exceptions that do not upset the rule. The figure that best captures this idea is the footnote. Set below the bar of the dominant account, the footnote has the potential to lead an argument astray. To defend against this possibility its exceptional status is duly recorded, but with a view to clinching precisely this fact 14its exceptionality in the face of the non-exceptional event unfolding in the upper body of the argument. The footnote is visually and discursively disbarred from the dominant account. It is, therefore, that which is excluded at the moment of inclusion. Mishra 19s paper elaborates on this notion by examining girmit 14a term coined by Indian coolie workers in Fiji to describe their ordeal in cane plantations 14as the history of an exception vis-
Prediction of Solubility of the Aromatic Compounds in Supercritical CO2 Using Molecular Topology

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Enlightened by inductive−deductive thought, through the introduction of molecular topology into the supercritical field, the relation of aromatic solutes' solubility to their molecular structures is developed by a one-off correlation of large training sets, and then this inductive relation has been used to predict the 148 solubility data for other 10 aromatic compounds.
Study on paste pumping characteristics based on double pumps in parallel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The coal reserves overlain by buildings, water bodies and railways are estimated to be about 14 billion tons in China. Based on the concept of green mining, in order to save the unit energy, Double pumps in parallel forms of pumping are adopted in 0the paste filling of the pumping system. The optimal solution of the objective function could be obtained by taking the unit flow power of the pumping system as the objective function, using the quadratic polynomial by the least square method curve fitting and by the application of MATLAB. Thereby it is possible to reduce power consumption and increase the efficiency of the operating economy in the paste filling station.
Drug Hypersensitivity Purpuras

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chlorothiazide (Diuril) and hydrochlorothiazide (Hydro-Diuril, Esidrix, Oretic) two nonmercurial diuretic agents recently introduced, have become increasingly popular because they are effective, orally administered, and generally well tolerated. These drugs were made available in 1958, but purpura was not mentioned as an adverse reaction by the manufacturers of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide until the following year, and then was noted as being indeed rare. 1 Report of a case following chlorothiazide treatment appeared in November, 1958. 2 The patient incurred a purpuric rash and demonstrated a low platelet count (76,000/cu mm) as well as large numbers of megakaryocytes in the marrow. Jaffe 3 reported the first of two cases of thrombocytopenic purpura related to chlorothiazide in America in December, 1958. Both of his patients improved after medication with this agent was stopped. In one patient, thrombocytopenic purpura reappeared with readministration of the drug, but cleared again with discontinuance. In early 1959, Nordquist
Engineering of a Virtual Community Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

UseWorld.net is a federated user adaptive Internet portal that supports information exchange and cooperation in research and development in the area of human machine interaction. It has been jointly developed with members of Center of Human-Machine-Systems (ZMMS, TU Berlin), Chair of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics (RWTH Aachen), Chair for Industrial Design (University of Essen) and Center for Human-Machine-Interaction (ZMMI, University of Kaiserslautern). The portal is operated by an independent open incorporated society. It integrates manifold information services (online journal, different thematic link collections, conference database, expert database) and a sophisticated cooperation component to support distributed teams by providing shared workspaces. Software agents for community awareness tasks and a clean and consistent interaction design complete the solution and support the portal's innovative operation concept, which intends to activate the users to become editors.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Combination of Sodium Hyaluronate, Withania Somnifera Extract andNiacinamide Improves Hydration and Skin Tone – A Clinical Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Multiple moisturizing solutions with sodium hyaluronate, Withania sominifera, and niacinamide are commercially popular. Detailed clinical studies portraying their activity are not available. Objective: This study aims to study the clinical efficacy of a phyto-bioactive cream in improving skin hydration and tone with 4 weeks of continuous usage. Methodology: We conducted a non-comparative, single-blind study on 50 Asian female volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV for 28 days. Cosmetic acceptability and safety of the product were established via self-evaluation questionnaires. The ability of the topical formulation in maintaining skin tone, hydration, and firmness was determined by instrumental analysis and smoothness by dermatologist evaluation. Results: A total of 46 subjects completed the study. High levels of skin hydration were noted instantaneously (+61.11%) and post continuous use of the product. Significant reduction in the appearance of age/dark spots (ITA°), Δ ITA°= 37.49% and increase in skin lightness (L) by 2.66% compared to baseline was observed in 4 weeks. More than 80% of the subjects reported an increase in skin firmness and smoothness in 4 weeks of twice-a-day product usage. Conclusion: Our study establishes the safety and acceptability of the phyto-bioactive cream. The efficiency of the combination of Withania somnifera extract, sodium hyaluronate, and niacinamide in improving skin hydration and tone has been proven.
Chromatin Modifications in Toxicology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Histone modifications regulate chromatin structure and function. Primary and secondary metabolites stemming from environmental and chemical exposures may play a critical role in the underlying epigenomic state of a cell through covalent histone modifications. Future investigations should be focused on characterizing the "Histone Code" when performing toxicogenomic analyses.
IMAGERY AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENTAL RECALL

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Male and female subjects who differed on measures of imagery ability were tested for incidental recall in two experiments involving pictures and words as stimuli. In one experiment, high‐imagery males surpassed their low‐imagery counterparts in intentional free recall of words, but the reverse relation occurred with females. No relation was obtained between imagery ability and incidental recall for stimulus colour. However, the colours were recalled better when associated with pictures rather than words as stimuli, suggesting an effect of stimulus concreteness on visual memory. The orientating task in the second experiment was item recognition. High‐imagery subjects were more accurate than low‐imagers in the recognition task, and high‐imagery females (but not males) surpassed their low‐imagery counterparts in incidental recall of the stimuli.
Preparation and Properties of Kaolin Based Slow-Release Fertilizer

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A slow-release fertilizer is important to improve soil conditions and enhances food security through continuous plant supply. With urea as a nitrogen source, kaolin as a carrier, acrylic acid as a reaction monomer, potassium persulfate as an initiator, N, N '- methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent, under the action of cyclohexane and sorbitan monostearate, kaolin based slow-release fertilizer was synthesized by reverse suspension method for the first time. The optimum conditions for the synthesized polymer were 0.6 g kaolin, 2 g urea and 80 ℃ temperature. The maximum water absorption capacity of the slow-release fertilizer was as high as 219.75 g/g. The water retention performance lasted for at least 10 days, and the slow-release property lasted for at least 28 days. The release of nitrogen content was slow and stable. The FTIR analysis indicated that the cross-linking occurred between kaolin, urea, and resin meanwhile, the SEM analysis supported that the product had a special network structure with a rough and porous surface. TGA analysis confirmed the stability of the kaolin-based slow-release fertilizer. The findings fully validated that the synthesis method of slow-release fertilizer was feasible and has the potential to be a popular commercialized product be popularized in areas lacking water or fertilizer.
Right Decisions from Wrong Predictions: A Mechanism Design Alternative to Individual Calibration

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decision makers often need to rely on imperfect probabilistic forecasts. While average performance metrics are typically available, it is difficult to assess the quality of individual forecasts and the corresponding utilities. To convey confidence about individual predictions to decision-makers, we propose a compensation mechanism ensuring that the forecasted utility matches the actually accrued utility. While a naive scheme to compensate decision-makers for prediction errors can be exploited and might not be sustainable in the long run, we propose a mechanism based on fair bets and online learning that provably cannot be exploited. We demonstrate an application showing how passengers could confidently optimize individual travel plans based on flight delay probabilities estimated by an airline.
An Account of Intensional and Extensional Actions, and its Application to Belief, Nondeterministic Actions and Fallible Sensors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In general, an agent may have incomplete and inaccurate knowledge about its environment. As well, actions may not turn out as intended or may have nondeterministic effects, and sensors may on occasion give incorrect results. We present a general, qualitative approach to reasoning about action and change in such a setting. The approach is expressed as an extension to basic action theories in the situation calculus, where an agent's epistemic state is modelled by a set of situations, where each situation is assigned a non-negative integer representing its plausibility. The agent's epistemic state is updated by modifying these plausibility values after the execution of an action, taking into account the possibility of unexpected results. To this end, we consider actions to have an intensional aspect, under the control of and determined by the agent, and an extensional aspect, not directly accessible to the agent and controlled by "nature". This leads to two distinct but related related notions of belief, an extensional "bird's eye" view which models an agent's beliefs wrt actually-executed actions, and an intensional view representing beliefs from the agent's point of view. We argue that the approach is significantly more general and comprehensive than previous accounts, and leads to a unified view of failed actions and nondeterminism with respect to physical and sensing actions.
Improving The Decision-Making Process And Transparency Of Corporate Governance Using Xbrl

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Several recent studies have shown that the transparency of financial reporting have a significant influence on investor-s decisions. Thus, regulation authorities and professional organizations (IFAC) have emphasized the role of XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and interactive data as a means of promoting transparency and monitoring corporate reporting. In this context, this paper has as objective the analysis of interactive reporting through XBRL and its use as a support in the process of taking decisions in corporate governance, namely the potential of interactive reports in XBRL to increase the transparency and monitoring process of corporate governance.
Approximation Schemes for Orienteering and Deadline TSP in Doubling Metrics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we look at $k$-stroll, point-to-point orienteering, as well as the deadline TSP problem on graphs with bounded doubling dimension and bounded treewidth and present approximation schemes for them. Given a weighted graph $G=(V,E)$, start node $s\in V$, distances $d:E\rightarrow \mathbb{Q}^+$ and integer $k$. In the $k$-stroll problem the goal is to find a path starting at $s$ of minimum length that visits at least $k$ vertices. The dual problem to $k$-stroll is the rooted orienteering in which instead of $k$ we are given a budget $B$ and the goal is to find a walk of length at most $B$ starting at $s$ that visits as many vertices as possible. In the P2P orienteering we are given start and end nodes $s,t$ for the path. In the deadline TSP we are given a deadline $D(v)$ for each $v\in V$ and the goal is to find a walk starting at $s$ that visits as many vertices as possible before their deadline. The best approximation for rooted or P2P orienteering is $(2+ε)$-approximation [12] and $O(\log n)$-approximation for deadline TSP [3]. There is no known approximation scheme for deadline TSP for any metric (not even trees). Our main result is the first approximation scheme for deadline TSP on metrics with bounded doubling dimension. To do so we first show if $G$ is a metric with doubling dimension $κ$ and aspect ratio $Δ$, there is a $(1+ε)$-approximation that runs in time $n^{O\left(\left(\logΔ/ε\right)^{2κ+1}\right)}$. We then extend these to obtain an approximation scheme for deadline TSP when the distances and deadlines are integer which runs in time $n^{O\left(\left(\log Δ/ε\right)^{2κ+2}\right)}$. For graphs with treewidth $ω$ we show how to solve $k$-stroll and P2P orienteering exactly in polynomial time and a $(1+ε)$-approximation for deadline TSP in time $n^{O((ω\logΔ/ε)^2)}$.
Commentary on Country Analysis of China for Lego

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The political and legal environment in China has both opportunities and threats to Lego. Recently government has intensified effort to control corruption and bureaucracy associated setting up and sustaining a viable business in China especially by multinationals. New measures to open up China to major multinationals especially in the manufacturing sector are under way in China and this will help Lego to make impact. This commentary examines the external operational environment of Lego in China
Measurements of Carrier Mobility and Quantum Yield of Carrier Generation in Discotic Liquid Crystal Hexahexyl-Oxytriphenylene by Time-of-Flight Method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Carrier transport and generation processes in 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahexyloxy-triphenylene (HHOTP) have been studied by a time-of-flight method in various phases. The carrier mobility is estimated by the curve fitting method in which the spatial distribution of the generated charge carrier density is taken into consideration. From the experimentally determined slope-to-intercept value in a field dependence of generated charge, the zero field quantum efficiency of carrier generation is estimated to be approximately 0.05% taking the Onsager model into consideration.
Crime and Social Control in Provincial Massachusetts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The first object of this article is to present some findings from an analysis of criminal activity in an early modern society, as measured primarily through various records of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, Court of Assize, and General Jail Delivery (the Assizes) from its creation in 1692 to the eve of the American Revolution. Since the amount of serious criminal behaviour revealed by this evidence seems small, the article will then seek to identify the most important components of the system of social control over criminality evidently at work in provincial Massachusetts. These include a conscious effort to maintain a homogeneous population, a pattern of collective settlement in townships, an effective system of prosecuting serious breaches of the criminal law, the commitment of elite groups in town, church, county, and province to law and order, and the role of the family in teaching and assuring appropriate behaviour.
Gender and Decompression Sickness: A Critical Review and Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers, but having less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis.
Over-expression of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 in human endometrial cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gynecologic cancers including cancers of the endometrium are a clinical problem (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover genes associated with endometrial cancers by comparing transcriptomes of the normal endometrium and endometrial tumors from humans. We identified glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, encoded by GOT1, as among the most differentially expressed genes, transcriptome-wide, in cancers of the endometrium. GOT1 was expressed at significantly higher levels in endometrial tumor tissues as compared to the endometrium. Importantly, in human endometrial cancer, primary tumor expression of GOT1 was correlated with recurrence-free survival in black patients with low mutational burden. GOT1 may be a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of human endometrial cancer.