jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automatic Data Fusion with HumMer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Heterogeneous and dirty data is abundant. It is stored under different, often opaque schemata, it represents identical real-world objects multiple times, causing duplicates, and it has missing values and conflicting values. The Humboldt Merger (HumMer) is a tool that allows ad-hoc, declarative fusion of such data using a simple extension to SQL. Guided by a query against multiple tables, HumMer proceeds in three fully automated steps: First, instance-based schema matching bridges schematic heterogeneity of the tables by aligning corresponding attributes. Next, duplicate detection techniques find multiple representations of identical real-world objects. Finally, data fusion and conflict resolution merges duplicates into a single, consistent, and clean representation.
Boletus aereus protects against acute alcohol-induced liver damage in the C57BL/6 mouse via regulating the oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BA is effective in ameliorating alcohol-induced liver injury through regulating oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signalling, which provides a scientific basis for further research on its clinical applications.
The Same Only Different: Reflections on Robert Kagan’s Adversarial Legalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Robert A. Kagan’s influential book, first published at the beginning of the twenty-first century, is now brought up to date with a second edition. “Adversarial legalism,” in Kagan’s view, distinguishes law in the United States from the law of other developed countries in many ways, for example, heavy use of policymaking through litigation and punitive regulation, as opposed to bureaucratic and conciliatory techniques. He suggests that this situation is likely to continue. This essay, however, looks at the same phenomena from the standpoint of similarities rather than differences. It suggests that powerful economic and cultural forces, common to the modern world of developed countries, tend to push the legal systems of these countries in parallel directions. Convergence, rather than divergence, is therefore the trend in the legal systems of the Western world; and this trend is likely to continue in the future.
Influence of Thermal Sensor Installation on Measuring Accuracy at Stagnation Points

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>\n\tThe development of suitable heat-resistant material and reasonable thermal structure design for a hypersonic aircraft requires highly precise heat transfer prediction, especially at the wing tips or stagnation points where the thermal environment is particularly rigorous. Unfortunately, existing techniques for measuring heat flux via thermal sensors in hypersonic test facilities are excessively complex; any slight deviation from ideal conditions may lead to inaccuracy. In this study, the influence of installation on the accuracy of heat flux measurement for a sphere model using cylindrical thermal sensors was numerically investigated. The sensors examined were protruding or recessed from the model surface on the order of 0.1-0.5 mm, and the influence of variations in installation was estimated by comparing the results against the smoothly installed sensor. Experiments were also run using different Reynolds numbers and sensor diameters to ensure the rules and mechanisms reported are as comprehensive as possible. Results showed that &quot; unsmooth&quot; (i. e., protruding, recessed) installation creates substantial deviation from the actual heat transfer rate; protruding installation resulted in larger deviation than recessed, and the deviation of either installation configuration grew more severe at larger depths from the model surface.</p>
Electrical resistivity of copper and nickel thin-film interconnections

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity of copper and nickel thin films used as high-density interconnections in hybrid packages have been measured in the temperature interval 298–723 K. The effects of film thickness, deposition conditions, and postdeposition anneal were analyzed in detail. Minimum as-deposited resistivities approximately 18% and 80% above bulk values could be achieved under optimized deposition conditions for 1-μm-thick copper and nickel films, respectively. Contributions to the resistivity values attributable to electron scattering at phonons, surfaces, impurities, grain boundaries, and intragranular defects were also established. Although subsequent annealing had little impact on the resistivity of copper, a significant reduction in the resistivity of nickel was observed, due primarily to dislocation sinking. Lastly, the relationship of resistivity to the temperature coefficient of resistivity for both metal films was found to be in agreement with Matthiessen’s rule.
A new high-pressure cell for systematic in situ investigations of micro-scale processes in gas hydrates using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Natural gas hydrates are ice-like solids composed of gas and water molecules. They are found worldwide at all continental margins as well as in permafrost regions. Depending on the source of the enclathrated gas molecules, natural gas hydrates may occur as coexisting phases with different structures containing predominantly CH4, but also a variety of hydrocarbons, CO2 or H2S. For a better understanding of these complex hydrate formation processes on a micrometer level, an experimental setup with a new high-pressure cell was developed, which can be used in a pressure range between 0.1 MPa and 10.0 MPa. Peltier elements ensure precise cooling of the cell in a temperature range between 243 K and 300 K. The selected temperature and pressure ranges in which the cell can be used make it possible to simulate the formation of gas hydrates in their natural environment, e.g., on continental margins or in permafrost areas at a depth of up to 1000 m. The cell body is made of Hastelloy, which generally also allows the use of corrosive gases, such as H2S, in the experiments. The inner sample space has a volume of about 550 µl. A quartz window allows for microscopic observations and the systematic and continuous in situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the forming hydrate phase mimicking natural conditions. Single point measurements, line scans, and area maps provide information on spatial heterogeneities regarding compositions and cage occupancies. The pressure cell can be operated as a closed system or as an open system with a defined continuous gas flow. The use of a continuous gas flow also allows for the in situ investigation of transformation processes induced by changes of the feed gas composition. In this paper, all details of the new experimental setup as well as preliminary results of our investigations on the formation of complex mixed hydrate systems both in the open and closed systems as well as the CH4–CO2 transformation process are presented.
Evaluation of Rapeseed Genotypes against Alternaria Blight under Field Conditions in Nawalparasi-West, Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alternaria blight disease causes both yield and quality loss in Brassica crops. A field evaluation of ten rapeseed genotypes against Alternaria blight disease was conducted during November 2018 to February 2019 in Parasi, Nawalparasi-west district. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with individual plot size of 2.25 m2 with three replications. Post-harvest in-vitro seed infection test was done in a completely randomized design with four replications. Disease scoring was done as percentage of leaf area and pod infection on individual 15 sample plants per plot at seven days intervals. Genotype ICT 2001-35 was found moderately resistant based on categorization of mean leaf AUDPC (308.52) and mean pod infection AUDPC values (391.48) with low seed infection (12.50%). Preeti, Bikash and Pragati showed highly susceptible reactions to both leaf blight and pod infection. Therefore, genotype ICT 2001-35 could be used in a varietal improvement program for disease resistance against Alternaria blight.
Navigating Multilingualism and Blended Learning: Challenges and Strategies in Trilingual Child Development and Modern Educational Practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the challenges and strategies in trilingual child development and blended learning in modern education. It addresses the nurturing of trilingualism in children, especially in predominantly monolingual settings, and highlights the cognitive benefits of multilingualism, such as enhanced problem-solving and cognitive flexibility. The study also examines the effectiveness of blended learning, a combination of traditional classroom and online education, particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. It assesses this approach in enhancing engagement and performance in trilingual students, using the Community of Inquiry framework. The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of trilingual child development and inform educational practices tailored to multilingual students' needs.
Data_Sheet_2_Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of Sophora Species: Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Early-Diverging Legume Subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae).XLSX

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The taxonomy and evolutionary history of Sophora L., a genus with high economic and medicinal value, remain uncertain due to the absence of genetic resource (especially in China) and low polymorphism of molecular markers. Our aim was to elucidate the molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships in chloroplast genomes of Sophora species in the early-diverging legume subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae). We reported nine Sophora chloroplast genome from China using Illumina sequencing. We performed a series of analyses with previously published genomes of Sophora species to investigate their genomic characteristics, identified simple sequence repeats, large repeat sequences, tandem repeats, and highly polymorphic loci. The genomes were 152,953–158,087 bp in length, and contained 111–113 unique genes, including 76–78 protein coding, 31 tRNA, and 4 rRNA. The expansion of inverted repeat boundary of Sophora resulted in rps12 entering into the LSC region and loss of trnT-CGU gene in some species. Also, we found an approximately 23 kb inversion between trnC-GCA and trnF-GAA within the genus. In addition, we identified seven highly polymorphic loci (pi (π) > 0.035) suitable for inferring the phylogeny of Sophora species. Among these, three regions also co-occurred with large repeat sequences and support use of repeats as a proxy for the identification of polymorphic loci. Based on whole chloroplast genome and protein-coding sequences data-set, a well-supported phylogenetic tree of Sophora and related taxa showed that this genus is monophyletic, but sect. Disamaea and sect. Sophora, are incongruent with traditional taxonomic classifications based on fruit morphology. Our finding provides significant genetic resources to support further investigation into the phylogenetic relationship and evolution of the genus Sophora.</p>
The Professionalism and Ethics of Medical Mission Work

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Professionalism is grounded in the ethics of a given vocation. Professional conundrums can feel insurmountable even in the most regular of environments. Medical professionals entering the international setting to practice must be equipped with the knowledge of how to traverse these potentially perplexing professional quandaries. Global medicine is a fast-growing area of medical practice with medical trainees stating increased interest in participation in international venues. While international destinations provide excellent opportunities to gain diverse medical knowledge and nurture cultural sensitivity, there are many challenges that arise with minimal education on navigating them. Adding a new situation and occasionally culture and language makes ethical challenges absolute enigmas. This chapter uses a case-based approach to establish a framework for navigating new challenges in various different settings.
Brickstreams

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Brickstreams is a system that employs hypermedia structures in physical spaces, specifically in brick-and-mortar retail environments, to capture insight into customer behavior. By instrumenting and tracking interactions with tagged products in retail stores, and by using demographic and location intelligence, our system is able to bring the benefits of online clickstream analysis to the brick and mortar world. We have implemented a prototype of Brickstreams, realized through REST web services and mobile device clients.
Isolated gastrocnemius myositis related to Crohn's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease patients ranges from 21% to 40%.1–3 The most commonly involved organ systems are the musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, ophthalmologic, and hepatobiliary. In several case series, it has been postulated that there may be a greater prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease patients.4 Gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome is a rare extraintestinal manifestation that has been reported in 8 other published cases.5–13 This case report may be the first presentation of this atypical extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease to be reported in the United States. The patient's bilateral calf myalgia was distinctive and recurrent and required a novel therapeutic approach.
Navier-Stokes simulations of unsteady transonic flow phenomena

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Numerical simulations of two classes of unsteady flows are obtained via the Navier-Stokes equations: a blast-wave/target interaction problem class and a transonic cavity flow problem class. The method developed for the viscous blast-wave/target interaction problem assumes a laminar, perfect gas implemented in a structured finite-volume framework. The approximately factored implicit scheme uses Newton subiterations to obtain the spatially and temporally second-order accurate time history of the blast-waves with stationary targets. The inviscid flux is evaluated using either of two upwind techniques, while the full viscous terms are computed by central differencing. Comparisons of unsteady numerical, analytical, and experimental results are made in two- and three-dimensions for Couette flows, a starting shock-tunnel, and a shock-tube blockage study. The results show accurate wave speed resolution and nonoscillatory discontinuity capturing of the predominantly inviscid flows. Viscous effects were increasingly significant at large post-interaction times. While the blast-wave/target interaction problem benefits from high-resolution methods applied to the Euler terms, the transonic cavity flow problem requires the use of an efficient scheme implemented in a geometrically flexible overset mesh environment. Hence, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations implemented in a diagonal form are applied to the cavity flow class of problems. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results are made in two-dimensions for free shear layers and both rectangular and quieted cavities, and in three-dimensions for Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) geometries. The acoustic behavior of the rectangular and three-dimensional cavity flows compare well with experiment in terms of frequency, magnitude, and quieting trends. However, there is a more rapid decrease in computed acoustic energy with frequency than observed experimentally owing to numerical dissipation. In addition, optical phase distortion due to the time-varying density field is modelled using geometrical constructs. The computed optical distortion trends compare with the experimentally inferred result, but underpredicts the fluctuating phase difference magnitude.
Effect on adrenal function of topically applied clobetasol propionate (Dermovate).

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Thirty-nine patients (15 outpatients and 24 inpatients) with a variety of skin diseases affecting variable areas of the body surface were treated with clobetasol propionate ointment (Dermovate). Before and after treatment the adrenal response to an intramuscular injection of tetracosactrin was rested and additional 9 am plasma cortisol levels were measured at intervals during treatment. A satisfactory initial therapeutic response was achieved in almost all cases during the trial period. When more than 50 g of ointment a week was used a significant number of patients developed adrenal suppression. WHen less than 50 g per week was used any suppression tended to be transtion. These cysts may be the cause of this condition, producing abnormal amounts of ovarian steroids which modify the pituitary response. Futher studies are needed, however, to determine this possibility.
[Association of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine with HLA-DRB1*02, 07, 09 genes in the population of Han nationality in Guangdong Province].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Failure or deficiency in the response to HBV vaccine is associated with the HLA-DRB1*07 gene, while HLA-DRB1*02 gene is related to the normal vaccination process or overreaction. Definite relation of HLA-DRB1*09 to the response to HBV vaccine is not found.
The Role of Coordination and Cooperation for Bt-maize cultivation in Brandenburg, Germany

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since 2006, several varieties of transgenic Bt-maize are approved for commercial cultivation in Germany. The German regulatory framework for growing these crops comprises ex-ante regulations as well as ex-post liability rules to protect conventional and organic farming from possible negative side effects of transgenic plants and to ensure co-existence. Public regulation is also suspected to impose additional costs to those farmers who intend to plant Bt-maize. We address the question how Bt-maize growing farmers perceive the additional costs of regulation and whether coordination or cooperation takes place in order to diminish these costs. In 2006, we carried out a case study in the Oderbruch region (Brandenburg, Germany) comprising eight Bt-maize growing farmers and six adjacent neighbours. The predominantly large farms chose intrafarm coordination to manage the construction of buffer zones within their own fields and to avoid the planting of Bt-maize close to their neighbours. Inter-farm coordination or cooperation with adjacent farmers was not regarded necessary to achieve co-existence.
How the hybrid model of learning predicts performance and development

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The hybrid model of learning (Jackson, 2005) has been used to understand mechanisms of learning related to adaptive and maladaptive behavior in educational, occupational and clinical settings. Yet a number of questions remain regarding key theoretical and applied aspects of the model, and in this paper we address two such questions. First, we assess the proposed role of experience in the development of socio-cognitive learning styles using an experimental design (study 1, n = 300). Second, we assess whether the model can be used for successful intervention, by evaluating the effect of self-development training on learning styles over a 3-month period (study 2, n = 700). Results generally support the hybrid model of learning and suggest that it might provide a useful framework for understanding and ultimately modifying learning and consequent behavior.
Chemokine Receptor 2b Inhibition Provides Renal Protection in Angiotensin II–Salt Hypertension

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was designed to determine whether chemokine receptor 2b (CCR2b) contributes to the development of renal injury in salt-sensitive angiotensin II (ANG) hypertension. Rats were infused with ANG and fed a high-salt diet (HS) for 14 days. Rats were divided into 4 groups: HS; HS administered the CCR2b antagonist, RS102895; Ang/HS hypertensive; and Ang/HS hypertensive administered RS102895. CCR2b inhibition slowed the progression of blood pressure elevation during the first week of ANG/HS hypertension; however, it did not alter blood pressure in the HS group. At 2 weeks, arterial pressure was not significantly different between ANG/HS and ANG/HS hypertensive rats administered RS102895. Renal cortical nuclear factor κB activity increased in ANG/HS hypertension compared with the HS group (0.11±0.006 versus 0.08±0.003 ng of activated nuclear factor κB per microgram of protein), and RS102895 treatment lowered nuclear factor κB activity in ANG/HS hypertension (0.08±0.005 ng of activated nuclear factor κB per microgram of protein). Renal tumor necrosis factor-α and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression increased, and Cyp2c23 expression decreased in ANG/HS hypertension compared with the HS group, and CCR2b inhibition reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and increased Cyp2c23 expression. Histological immunostaining revealed increased renal monocyte and macrophage infiltration in ANG/HS hypertensive rats with decreased infiltration in rats receiving RS102895 treatment. Albuminuria and cortical collagen staining also increased in ANG/HS hypertensive rats, and RS102895 treatment lowered these effects. Afferent arteriolar autoregulatory responses to increasing renal perfusion pressure were blunted in ANG/HS hypertension, and RS102895 treatment improved this response. These data suggest that CCR2b inhibition protects the kidney in hypertension by reducing inflammation and delaying the progression of hypertension.
Transformasi Guru sebagai Fasilitator Pembelajaran di Era Digital

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the educational landscape, encouraging the transformation of the role of teachers into learning facilitators in the digital era. This research aims to explore this transformation phenomenon by exploring shifts in learning paradigms, identifying challenges faced by teachers, evaluating strategies for solving them, and analyzing their impact on student learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach, by collecting data, including in-depth interviews with teachers who actively use technology in learning and direct observation in classes that apply a technology-based approach. The research results show that the transformation of the teacher's role involves a shift in focus from a teacher-centered learning model to a more student-oriented approach, where the teacher acts as a learning facilitator who encourages active student involvement and collaboration. Challenges such as lack of digital skills and gaps in technology access among students are major barriers to adopting these new roles. However, resolution strategies such as training and professional development, collaboration with colleagues, and differentiation of learning have proven effective in overcoming these challenges. The impacts of this transformation include increased student engagement, creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration in digital learning. In conclusion, the transformation of teachers as learning facilitators in the digital era is a complex process that requires in-depth understanding, appropriate strategies, and ongoing support to achieve optimal learning outcomes in an ever-evolving context.