jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Yeast Glycogen Synthetase in the Glucose 6-Phosphate-dependent Form

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The glucose-6-P-dependent form of glycogen synthetase has been purified about 5,000-fold from yeast extracts. The enzyme was separated from the glucose-6-P-independent form by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and from other proteins by a two-step agarose chromatography, using complex formation with glycogen to change the elution properties of the synthetase. The purified material shows a single band on disc gel electrophoresis and possesses a molecular weight of 300,000, as measured by sedimentation equilibrium. Acrylamide electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate yields a major band, molecular weight about 77,000, and a minor band of variable intensity, with molecular weight about 71,000. The faster band is believed to be a proteolysis degradation product of the slow band. Thus, the native enzyme would consist of four subunits of equal molecular weight. The enzyme was labeled with radioactive phosphate by conversion into the glucose-6-P-independent form followed by incubation with [γ-32P]ATP. The amount of radioactivity incorporated corresponds to 1.4 phosphate groups per subunit. Incubation with a muscle protein phosphatase led to a liberation of radioactivity and a parallel increase in glucose-6-P-independent synthetase activity. Lineweaver-Burk plots with the purified enzyme, using either UDP-glucose or glycogen as the variable substrate, showed a biphasic curve, as previously observed with cruder enzymes. Increasing concentrations of glucose-6-P led to a gradual elimination of the line corresponding to a higher Km value.
Tool for Quality Assessment of Microarray Hybridization Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Navzdory tomu, že bioinformatika patři mezi nejrychleji se vyvijejici obory jak po strance vědomostni, tak technologicke, porozuměni komplexnim vztahům mezi geny stale jestě neni kompletni. Znalost přibližnho množstvi genů přitomných ve vzorku v danem case je pro zkoumani těchto interakci nezbytne. Tento předpoklad se stal zakladem technologie microarray, ktera umožňuje měřit relativni výskyt velkeho množstvi genů zaroveň. Jeji nasazeni v běžne zdravotni praxi je ale komplikovano znacným množstvim sumu v naměřených datech. Aby se dalo těmto nepřesnostem předchazet, je nutne provest důkladnou analýzu samotne platformy a jejich vnitřnich zakonitosti. Tato prace ma za cil přispět k celemu procesu zkoumani představenim noveho softwaroveho nastroje nazvaným CMAT. CMAT byl vyvijen tak, aby poskytoval flexibilni prostředi pro analýzu dat z vlastnich navržených microarray experimentů a dovoloval rozsiřeni funkci pomoci modulů, takže může být přizpůsoben různým požadavkům.
Metabolic targeting of EGFRvIII/PDK1 axis in temozolomide resistant glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastomas are characterized by amplification of EGFR. Approximately half of tumors with EGFR over-expression also express a constitutively active ligand independent EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII). While current treatments emphasize surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ), acquired chemoresistance is a universal feature of recurrent GBMs. To mimic the GBM resistant state, we generated an in vitro TMZ resistant model and demonstrated that dichloroacetate (DCA), a metabolic inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), reverses the Warburg effect. Microarray analysis conducted on the TMZ resistant cells with their subsequent treatment with DCA revealed PDK1 as its sole target. DCA treatment also induced mitochondrial membrane potential change and apoptosis as evidenced by JC-1 staining and electron microscopic studies. Computational homology modeling and docking studies confirmed DCA binding to EGFR, EGFRvIII and PDK1 with high affinity. In addition, expression of EGFRvIII was comparable to PDK1 when compared to EGFR in GBM surgical specimens supporting our in silico prediction data. Collectively our current study provides the first in vitro proof of concept that DCA reverses the Warburg effect in the setting of EGFRvIII positivity and TMZ resistance leading to GBM cytotoxicity, implicating cellular tyrosine kinase signaling in cancer cell metabolism.
ASYMMETRIC DOUPOLY COMPETITION WITH INNOVATION SPILLOVER AND INPUT CONSTRAINTS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper subjects to examine how technology spillover affects input competition and how input constraints impact firm innovation by a two-stage game model and theoretic analysis. The results show that with low spillover, the high cost firm can capture more input than the low cost firm through cost-reducing innovation. Adding input increases firms’ innovation, but it cannot improve the disadvantaged firm's state under input constraint. Compared with non-cooperative innovation, cooperative innovation reduces innovation difference and firm size difference. The research implications are that disadvantage firms could take innovation spillover and capacity constraints as a competition strategy to obtain competition advantage and regulators should stimulate cooperative innovation to higher social welfare. The major value of this paper is that it combines capacity constraints and innovation investment originality.
Efektivitas Pembimbingan Kemasyarakatan Terhadap Anak Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Denpasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sexual harassment is a criminal offense that can cause harm in the form of trauma or embarrassment to the family or society. Children as perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual harassment who are still underage, need to receive serious attention from all walks of life.This is done to improve the mindset of the perpetrators, teach the perpetrators to do good and help the perpetrators meet the prevailing standard of living. This study uses empirical legal research methods. There are internal, external, and other factors that contribute to children committing sexual harassment offenses. External factors include emotional power and age, external factors consist of education, environment, alcohol and drugs, economy, and the internet. Meanwhile, other factors that support children to commit crimes of sexual harassment are children's low understanding of religion and the absence of parental oversight. The study's findings indicate that, in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations, social counseling for child sexual harassment perpetrators has been working well and effectively. The absence demonstrates this repetition of criminal acts or recidivism. This happens because the process of guiding and supervising children who commit crimes of sexual harassment by social counselors has been running according to the rules that apply.
The Soviet Far East in Antiquity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume outlines the history of the Maritime Province from ancient times through the medieval period, from a general point of view, on the basis of archaeological materials and Chinese and other chronicles. There are chapters discussing the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Shell Mound periods; the transition to the Age of Metal; the rise of the P'o-hai state in the fifth to seventh centuries A.D., and its conquest by the Khitan state; and the rise and growth of the Jurchen (or Chin) empire from the mid-eleventh century, its defeat by the Mongols, and, briefly, the fate of the region afterwards. This book will appeal to historians, archaeologists, and all those interested in the past of the Far East. (Anthropology of the North: Translations form Russian Sources, No. 6)
Formation of Mono(dithiolene)−Thiocarboxamido Complexes in\nReactions of Thio(dithiocarbamato)−Mo/W Complexes and Dimethyl\nAcetylenedicarboxylate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reactions of Tp*MS(S<sub>2</sub>CNEt<sub>2</sub>) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in dichloromethane produce olive green/black\nTp*M{S<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>Me)<sub>2</sub>}(SCNEt<sub>2</sub>-κ<sup>2</sup><i>S</i>,<i>C</i>) (M = Mo (<b>1</b>), W (<b>2</b>); Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). The\nseven-coordinate complexes exhibit pseudo-octahedral (<b>1</b>) and distorted pentagonal bipyramidal (<b>2</b>) coordination\nspheres comprised of tridentate <i>fac</i>-Tp*, bidentate dithiolene, and thiocarboxamido-κ<sup>2</sup><i>S</i>,<i>C</i> ligands. In the solid state,\nmolecules of <b>1</b> exhibit pseudo-<i>C</i><i><sub>s</sub></i> symmetry, with the thiocarboxamide NEt<sub>2</sub> group in a cleft in the Tp* ligand.\nMolecules of <b>2</b> have <i>C</i><sub>1</sub> symmetry in the solid state; here, the thiocarboxamide unit is orientated along one of the\nW−S(dithiolene) bonds with its NEt<sub>2</sub> group projecting away from the Tp* ligand. Both complexes possess effective\n<i>C</i><i><sub>s</sub></i> symmetry in solution. Reaction of Tp*MoI(CO)<sub>3</sub> with AgS<sub>2</sub>CNEt<sub>2</sub> affords olive green Tp*Mo(S<sub>2</sub>CNEt<sub>2</sub>)(CO)<sub>2</sub> (<b>3</b>),\nwhich reacts with propylene sulfide in a new synthesis for Tp*MoS(S<sub>2</sub>CNEt<sub>2</sub>), the starting material for <b>1</b>. Complex\n<b>3</b> exhibits a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal structure, the axial sites being defined by a Tp* nitrogen atom and\na carbonyl ligand, the pentagonal plane by the remaining nitrogen and carbonyl donors and the two sulfur atoms\nof the bidentate dithiocarbamate ligand.
Streptomyces AlbusGD‐Ala‐D‐Ala Carboxypeptidase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The zinc D ‐Ala‐ D ‐Ala carboxypeptidase hydrolyzes the C‐terminal peptide bond of peptides of general structure R‐ D ‐Ala‐ D ‐Xaa. The lytic activity of the enzyme and its extracellular location suggest that it might be used by Streptomyces for fighting competitors in its ecological niche since the enzyme does not hydrolyze the Streptomyces peptidoglycan. The sequence of the 213‐residue mature protein is related to the VanX, VanY, and VanXY proteins of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci. The molecule is an ellipsoid consisting of two globular domains in which the N‐terminal and the C‐terminal ends are pulled apart. The small N‐terminal domain, from residue Asp1 to Pro83, has an all‐α‐helices structure and exhibits a typical three‐helix bundle fold, characteristic of the peptidoglycan binding domain. The largest C‐terminal domain belongs to the α + β type secondary structure, and is related to the N‐terminal domain of the murine sonic hedgehog, a signaling protein involved in natal morphogenesis and formation of embryonic patterning centers, and to the VanX D ‐Ala‐ D ‐Ala dipeptidase of Enterococcus faecium , a protein involved in the vancomycin resistance systems in streptococci. The mixed five‐stranded β‐sheet forms the core of the C‐terminal domain and the lining of one side of the catalytic cavity. One zinc ion occupies a roughly central position in the active site and is coordinated by the His154 NE2, the Asp161 OD1, and the His197 ND1. Classical β‐lactam compounds, which readily inactivate active site serine DD ‐peptidases, are very sluggish inactivators of the zinc D ‐Ala‐ D ‐Ala carboxypeptidase. The best competitive inhibitors are thiol derivatives such as 2‐ and 3‐mercaptopropionate ( K i = 50 and 5 nM) that might behave as bidentate ligands of the Zn 2+ ion.
A Novel Intelligent Learning for Teaching using Artificial Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to develop and uncover the level of accuracy of the decision results provided by intelligent learning to create conditions for an independent learning process. This learning had an intelligent ability to adapt to students' learning, where the students can obtain knowledge and skills according to their level of need. This intelligent learning made it easy for teachers to evaluate and develop student competencies. This intelligent learning used Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in student and teacher learning activities. Input from ANN in this intelligent learning was the results of pre-test and post-test which had information in the form of the number of questions, the level of difficulty, the level of achievement, the number of questions worked, the time worked out, and the number of error working on the questions. The output of ANN on intelligent learning was the decision to proceed to the next learning for students. The results of trials on this intelligent learning obtained an average accuracy rate of 87.5%.
Direct Access of the Chiral Quinolinyl Core of Cinchona Alkaloids via a Brønsted Acid and Chiral Amine Co-catalyzed Chemo- and Enantioselective α-Alkylation of Quinolinylmethanols with Enals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A strategy for the facile construction of the chiral quinolinylmethanolic structure, a core featured in cinchona alkaloids, is reported. A new reactivity is harnessed by TfOH-promoted chemoselective activation of α-C-H over O-H bond in quinolinylmethanols. The new reactivity is successfully engineered with an iminium catalysis in a synergistic manner to create a powerful conjugate addition-cyclization cascade process for synthesis of chiral quinoline derived γ-butyrolactones in good yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The method enables the first total synthesis of natural product broussonetine in three steps.
Christina Morina . Legacies of Stalingrad: Remembering the Eastern Front in Germany since 1945 . New York: Cambridge University Press. 2011. Pp. x, 297. $90.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Christina Morina. Legacies of Stalingrad: Remembering the Eastern Front in Germany since 1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2011. Pp. x, 297. $90.00 Get access Morina Christina. Legacies of Stalingrad: Remembering the Eastern Front in Germany since 1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2011. Pp. x, 297. $90.00. Michael Meng Michael Meng Clemson University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 117, Issue 3, June 2012, Pages 951–952, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.117.3.951 Published: 01 June 2012
[Functional state of the kidneys in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clinico-laboratorial study of the functional state of the kidneys in 54 patients with severe hemorrhagical and ischemic brain strokes established intensified glomerular filtration in a relatively preserved water excretional, concentrational, Na and K uretical kidney function. The detected azotemia is considered as a result of excessive production of residual blood over the increased function of the kidneys to their elimination. Classical acute kidney insufficiency developed in 3 patients with severe disturbances of hemocirculation.
Non-Operative Management of Pilonidal Sinuses Located Around Anus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Pilonidal disease is generally located at sacrococcygeal region whereas it is rarely located near anus. The aim of this study is to discuss the results of crystallized phenol application that we performed for patients with sinus pilonidalis located near anus with 95% success rate. Patients and Methods: Patients admitted between 2005 to 2011 with sinuses located in 2 cm range of anus or were primarily located up to 2 cm to the anal verge were enrolled in the study. Patients’ demographic features, Body Mass Index (BMI), family history, skin color, hair thickness, number of sinus openings, and the status of the sinus (acute vs. chronic) were recorded. Crystallized phenol was applied into the sinus. The pa tients were followed-up after recovery during the first 6 months and annually afterwards. Results: A total of 25 sinus pilonidalis cases located near anus were encountered. All patients were male; crystallized phenol application was per formed on all patients a total of 115 times. The mean number of applications was 5.6 (between 4 and 8 times). The mean recovery period was 74.5 days (range: 31 - 154) and the mean follow-up period was 36.16 months (range: 18 - 48). No surgical intervention was required. Conclusion: Sinus pilonidalis cases located in perianal region can be successfully treated with the crystallized phenol application which is a simple and inexpensive method, that can easily be performed in an outpatient setting.
Th1 and Th2 Cell Clones to a Poorly Immunogenic Tumor Antigen Initiate CD8+ T Cell-Dependent Tumor Eradication In Vivo

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although CD8+ T cells play a central role as immune effectors, CD4+ T cells act to control the activation and persistence of the CD8+ T cell response in autoimmune disease, antiviral immunity, and experimental systems with immunogenic model tumor Ag. However, little information is available on the effects of CD4+ T cells on the function of endogenous CD8+ T lymphocytes recognizing authentic tumor rejection Ag with limited immunogenicity. We report here that the prophylactic or postchallenge administration of T helper Th1-type and Th2-type CD4+ clones specific for an unmutated rejection Ag (murine P815AB, resembling tumor-specific shared Ag in humans) leads to the induction of P815AB-specific reactivity in vivo and concomitant tumor destruction, with quantitative rather than qualitative differences characterizing the antitumor activity of Th1 vs Th2 cells. Because the transferred CD4+ cells lacked direct antitumor activity in vitro and required the de novo generation of P815AB-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo, these findings suggest that CD4+ lymphocytes can enhance the ability of host APC to initiate an endogenous CD8+ T cell response to authentic, poorly immunogenic tumor rejection Ag.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Interleukin-15 Enhances Proteasomal Degradation of Bid in Normal Lymphocytes: Implications for Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemias

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Interleukin-15 Enhances Proteasomal Degradation of Bid in Normal Lymphocytes: Implications for Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemias
Effects of Variable-Priority Training on Automation-Related Complacency: Performance and Eye Movements

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The effectiveness of variable-priority training in reducing automation-related complacency was examined. Participants were trained under one of three attention allocation strategies, whole task (WT), part task (PT), or variable priority (VP). They subsequently monitored an automated system while simultaneously performing tracking and fuel management tasks. Eye movements were recorded to investigate attention allocation strategies. Results pointed to a trend for VP training to reduce complacency, compared to WT or PT training. The relationship between performance in each of the three training groups and eye movements to the automated task was inconsistent.
Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Microglia are cells of the myeloid lineage that reside in the central nervous system (CNS)1. These cells play an important role in pathologies of many diseases associated with neuroinflammation such as multiple sclerosis (MS)2. Microglia in a normal CNS express macrophage marker CD11b and exhibit a resting phenotype by expressing low levels of activation markers such as CD45. During pathological events in the CNS, microglia become activated as determined by upregulation of CD45 and other markers3. The factors that affect microglia phenotype and functions in the CNS are not well studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a growing family of conserved molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that are involved in many normal physiological processes such as cell growth and differentiation4 and pathologies such as inflammation5. MiRNAs downregulate the expression of certain target genes by binding complementary sequences of their mRNAs and play an important role in the activation of innate immune cells including macrophages6 and microglia7. In order to investigate miRNA-mediated pathways that define the microglial phenotype, biological function, and to distinguish microglia from other types of macrophages, it is important to quantitatively assess the expression of particular microRNAs in distinct subsets of CNS-resident microglia. Common methods for measuring the expression of miRNAs in the CNS include quantitative PCR from whole neuronal tissue and in situ hybridization. However, quantitative PCR from whole tissue homogenate does not allow the assessment of the expression of miRNA in microglia, which represent only 5-15% of the cells of neuronal tissue. Hybridization in situ allows the assessment of the expression of microRNA in specific cell types in the tissue sections, but this method is not entirely quantitative. In this report we describe a quantitative and sensitive method for the detection of miRNA by real-time PCR in microglia isolated from normal CNS or during neuroinflammation using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for MS. The described method will be useful to measure the level of expression of microRNAs in microglia in normal CNS or during neuroinflammation associated with various pathologies including MS, stroke, traumatic injury, Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors.
Detection of Ki-ras mutations by PCR and differential hybridization and of p53 mutations by SSCP analysis in endoscopically obtained lavage solution from patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From colonic lavage fluid, it is possible to extract DNA of sufficient quantity and quality for polymerase chain reaction-based amplification and subsequent analysis via single-strand conformation polymorphism or hybridization. Mutations were found in three of 14 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis but were not found in controls. The method may be useful for the screening of such patients.
Green's-Function Technique in the Dynamics of a Finite Cylindrical Shell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Reissner linearized equations of motion, including hysteretic and viscous-type damping terms, are adopted in the study of the dynamics of a finite, thin, elastic, cylindrical shell of circular cross section. The integral representation of the displacement solution is obtained for an arbitrary, three-dimensional, time-dependent pressure field and the associated Green's-function solution is calculated; it is shown to be of identical form to the Green's function for other elastic systems. In particular, the shell response to a moving shock wave (step-function discontinuity), impinging upon the shell at an arbitrary angle of incidence, is calculated. In the special case of axial symmetry, two additional waveforms are considered, that of a moving exponentially decaying shock wave and a ramp step-function wave. Typical numerical results are given in the form of displacement time curves and the effects of the various parameters are discussed.