jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experiences With Auto-Grading in a Systems Course

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapidly growing computing-class sizes across college campuses are challenging instructional resources and staffing. We have developed an automatic testing and grading software system called Code Assessment Extension (CODE). It is integrated with our existing Canvas Learning Management System (LMS). This paper presents experiences from both student and instructor perspectives with using auto-grading in a junior-level, systems course with a heavy emphasis on programming in C++, with several challenges, including - 1 this course was the first experience for both the students and the instructor in using any form of automatic grading, 2 the students have limited experience with C++ programming, particularly in Linux, and 3 the course includes complex concepts on operating systems, multithreading, and networking. The paper presents quantitative results from 3,300 submissions (from 1 course, 1 semester, 6 programming assignments, 54 students, multiple submissions per-student per-assignment) and analysis of end-of-course surveys from 54 students. The inferences from the statistics strongly support the use of automatic grading systems such as CODE to enhance learning in programming-centric courses.
P32 Pushing the boundaries of health inequality reporting with national cancer data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

The National Disease Registration Service (NDRS, part of NHS England) collects, links and analyses all cancer diagnoses in England. These data are made widely available to support patient care, disease surveillance and research. Health inequalities in cancer are evident across the spectrum of patient characteristics that are well known, like gender and age. There is some evidence for worse health outcomes for other groups that are less easily studied, such as the homeless, or poorer coastal communities. Without data to support analyses in these groups, the full magnitude and characteristics of any inequities remain unknown, and whole groups of patients continue to suffer disproportionately.

Aim

The NDRS has recently committed to an ambitious goal: to ensure that all future regular data outputs are supplied with breakdowns by at least four health inequality dimensions (age group, gender, ethnic background and quintile of Index of Multiple Deprivation) as standard. Reporting that allows health inequality analyses will be the default, rather than an addition.

Methods

Alongside appraisal of all regular outputs, NDRS are also working to define and validate new variables that capture patient characteristics associated with those dimensions that are harder to ascertain, and will add breakdowns to regular reports according to these new variables in due course. Some report/breakdown combinations will be inappropriate to release, due to small counts, data slivers or other disclosure-related risks, for example. In these instances, the NDRS's approach is to provide a statement explaining why reporting is not possible, with transparent language. This reinforces the principle of health inequality-related breakdowns as the norm, not the exception.

Results

So far, more than 50 regular reports have been assessed against the Core20PLUS5 framework to understand the use of current inequality-related breakdowns, with recommendations for additional breakdowns or restructuring of those already included to ensure maximal internal and external consistency. Most (84%) of these reports already include at least one breakdown by a health inequality dimension. This work is challenging, as it requires careful consideration of the appropriateness of each breakdown for each report and stakeholder, in order to maximise data utility, transparency, trustworthiness and completeness while maintaining exemplary data security and safeguarding patient privacy.

Conclusion

Through this work, the NDRS hopes to lead the way towards reducing health inequalities in cancer, understanding our populations and supporting patients by maximising use of the data we are entrusted to keep.
Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Residual Dipolar Coupling Data for Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The measurement of residual dipolar couplings in weakly aligned proteins can potentially provide unique information on their structure and dynamics in the solution state. The challenge is to extract the information of interest from the measurements, which normally reflect a convolution of the structural and dynamic properties. We discuss here a formalism which allows a first order separation of their effects, and thus, a simultaneous extraction of structural and motional parameters from residual dipolar coupling data. We introduce some terminology, namely a generalized degree of order, which is necessary for a meaningful discussion of the effects of motion on residual dipolar coupling measurements. We also illustrate this new methodology using an extensive set of residual dipolar coupling measurements made on (15)N,(13)C-labeled human ubiquitin solvated in a dilute bicelle solution. Our results support a solution structure of ubiquitin which on average agrees well with the X-ray structure (Vijay-Kumar, et al., J. Mol. Biol. 1987, 194, 531--544) for the protein core. However, the data are also consistent with a dynamic model of ubiquitin, exhibiting variable amplitudes, and anisotropy, of internal motions. This work suggests the possibility of primary use of residual dipolar couplings in characterizing both structure and anisotropic internal motions of proteins in the solution state.
A checklist of Romanesque-inspired architecture in Australia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a listing of over 700 Australian buildings which exhibit the influence of the architectural movement sometimes referred to as the Romanesque Revival. There are six individual checklists, one for each Australian state, and a separate index of the architects and architectural firms represented in the checklists. The individual checklists are arranged chronologically, to provide an overview of the development of the Romanesque Revival in each state. Basic information (including illustrations) is provided for each building, plus references to further documentation.
Mutagenic potential of temozolomide in bone marrow cells in vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Therapy-related myeloid leukemias (t-MLs) occur in as many as 5% to 10% of patients who are otherwise cured of a primary neoplasm with aggressive multimodal regimens. Many patients with t-MLs or therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) have previously received chemotherapeutic agents that
Fake bad scale: the case of the missing construct, a response to Larrabee, Bianchini, Boone, and Rohling (2017)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The 'Commentary' of Drs. Larrabee, Bianchini, Boone, and Rohling (2017) attributes to us a view of the Fake Bad/Symptom Validity Scale (FBS/FBS-r) that is wholly erroneous, a view we do not hold and have never taken. In doing so, the authors have confused the thrust of our article with the assertions made in an earlier article which preceded publication of the FBS. This earlier article held that many physical and cognitive symptoms/complaints observed in personal injury plaintiffs are most parsimoniously understood as manifestations of the stresses that may routinely accompany plaintiffs' involvement in such litigation. In this response, I therefore, wish to clarify this misunderstanding and to elaborate upon several of the issues raised in our article.
Pemphigus Paraneoplastik pada Timoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thymomas are mediastinal primary tumour of the mediastinum and associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders often linked to T-cell mediated autoimmunity. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an immunologically mediated skin disease characterized by epidermal blisters that may occur in association with thymic or non thymic neoplasms. Case: 21 years old man came to the hospital with vesicles and ulcer in oral cavity and extended to whole body since 3 weeks before. Patient was diagnosed with Pemphigus vulgaris and thymomas since 2 years. Patient was hospitalized for 3 times with same cases. Patient underwent chemotherapy Carboplatin-Etoposide 6 series and Radiotherapy 25 series and no response had been documented. Patient was suggested to undergo a resection of thymoma to prevent the exacerbation of pemphigus but he refused. The medication given was only aimed for reducing the exacerbation of Pemphigus. Discussion: PNP is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against various target antigens, mainly plakin family proteins and desmogleins. PNP results from an antitumor immune response cross-reacting with the normal epithelial proteins and thereby inducing autoimmunity by molecular mimicry. PNP sera bind to homologous region within carboxyterminus of members of the plakin gene family. There are also involvement of dysregulation of T-cell development. Conclusion: Pemphigus is rarely associated with Thymomas, but the fact there is an association between Thymomas and pemphigus. According to this fact, every patients with pemphigus should be suspected with malignancies especially thymomas until it was ruled out.
D-D nuclear fusion processes induced in polyethylene foams by TW Laser-generated plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

\nDeuterium-Deuterium fusion processes were generated by focusing the 3 TW PALS Laser on solid deuterated polyethylene targets placed in vacuum. Deuterium ion acceleration of the order of 4 MeV was obtained using laser irradiance Iλ2 ∼ 5 × 1016 W μm2/cm2 on the target. Thin and thick targets, at low and high density, were irradiated and plasma properties were monitored “on line” and “off line”. The ion emission from plasma was monitored with Thomson Parabola Spectrometer, track detectors and ion collectors. Fast semiconductor detectors based on SiC and fast plastic scintillators, both employed in time-of-flight configuration, have permitted to detect the characteristic 3.0 MeV protons and 2.45 MeV neutrons emission from the nuclear fusion reactions. From massive absorbent targets we have evaluated the neutron flux by varying from negligible values up to about 5 × 107 neutrons per laser shot in the case of foams targets, indicating a reaction rate of the order of 108 fusion events per laser shot using “advanced targets”.\n
Landscape genetics reveal low diversity and adaptive divergence inPortulaca hatschbachii(Portulacaceae): an endangered species endemic to rocky outcrops of the Atlantic Forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Portulaca hatschbachii is endemic to the basaltic rocky outcrops that are distributed, in a discontinuous way, along the Third Plateau of Paraná State, Brazil, composing environments that form the Subtropical Highland Grasslands of the Atlantic Forest Biome. Considering the risk of extinction of the species and the massive anthropization of these outcrops, we applied AFLP, ITS and rps16 molecular markers in ten populations throughout the area of occurrence of the species to generate information about the genetic status of P. hatschbachii and contribute to the development of conservation strategies. Low rates of genetic diversity, high population structure, restricted gene flow and the presence of diversifying selection were observed for the populations. The analysis of variation partitioning (R2adj. = 63.60%) showed that environmental variables have a greater influence on the distribution of variation of loci under selection (R2adj. = 26.70%) than geographical isolation (R2adj. = 1.20%). The strong population structure, for both neutral and selected loci, suggests an isolation by adaptation mechanism (IBA) occurring in populations and highlights the need and urgency for in situ conservation plans for the species and its occurrence on rocky outcrops.
Fabrication of Polysaccharide-inorganic Hybrid Biocapsules with Improved Catalytic Activity and Stability

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a novel kind of calcium phosphate-mineralized chitosan/alginate microscapsules was prepared through a bio-inspired process for efficient encapsulation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH). In this biomimetic process, when Ca2+-containing chitosan droplets were added into phosphate-containing solution of alginate, a thin chitosan/alginate film formed immediately around the microcapsules coupled with in situ precipitation of calcium phosphate. The biomineralization of calcium phosphate was mimicked by the counter-diffusion system in which Ca2+ ions and phosphate ions migrated into the chitosan/alginate film from opposite directions, respectively. Formation of a microcapsule was confirmed using a Zoom Stereo Microscope, the surface morphology of the microcapsule was characterized by SEM, the surface element composition of microcapsules was analyzed by XPS, and the pore-size distribution of the microcapsule shell was determined by BET. YADH encapsulated in the microcapsules exhibited significantly higher activity and recycling stability in a broader temperature range than the free YADH. We believe that such hybrid materials will find promising applications in enzyme encapsulation and drug delivery systems.
The Kinetic Friction of Snow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three components of the kinetic friction of snow are described but only the lubricated component of friction is treated in detail. This component depends upon the thickness of water films which support a slider on snow grains over a small fraction of its area. The thickness of the film decreases with ambient temperature in a manner which is sensitive to the thermal conductivity of the slider. The minimum value of friction at any temperature is reached at an intermediate value of speed because friction decreases as the slider first begins to move and the films form but then increases at higher speeds because of the shear resistance. At sub-freezing temperatures a small area in the front part of the slider is dry and the friction is high. Once the water film is formed it increases in thickness towards an equilibrium value which can be very sensitive to slider properties, speed, and temperature. It appears that the mechanisms may be very different for hydrophobic and hydrophilic sliders. From the equations derived here it is clear why friction decreases with repeated passes over the same snow.
Unconventional Hall effect in metal/semiconductor hybrid spintronic devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the Hall resistance of metallic multilayers Ta/Cr/CoTb/Ta/Si. In addition to the anomalous Hall effect originating from the ferrimagnetic CoTb layer, the unconventional Hall effect (UHE) is observed in our multilayer samples. The UHE depends not only on the current and magnetic fields but also on the device geometry and temperature in a unique way. Our results suggest that the UHE does not originate from the spin–orbit torque driven magnetization tilting but occurs possibly due to thermionic emission and Lorentz force at the metal/Si interface, where the Schottky barrier is formed. We also find that the space-charge effect causes geometric dependence of the Hall resistance. The magnitude of UHE is sizable and linearly proportional to the longitudinal magnetic field, suggesting that the observed UHE is attractive to the magnetic-field sensing industry.
A thermal preference method of bioassay of the toxicity of insecticidal films to house-flies.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Methods that have been used to confine insects to the test surface during exposure to insecticidal deposits are briefly reviewed, and their limitations are discussed. Some unsuccessful preliminary experiments on alternative methods are mentioned. A temperature-preference method of inducing house-flies, Musca domestica L., to remain on a treated surface is described, and the apparatus is illustrated. The treated surface forms the floor of a chamber; it is maintained at a higher temperature than the walls and lid. The flies are introduced by means of a plunger device.
Experience of interest in human-product interaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this study is to understand how people experience interest in human-product interaction and how a product can be designed to elicit interest. The appraisal structure of interest proposed by Silvia (2005) was used as a theoretical base of this study. He proposed that two appraisal components, novelty-complexity and coping potential, are required to evoke interest. In the exploratory study phase, it is found that experiences of interest take place in passive interaction and active interaction: when people noticed or observed a product, and when they actually explored and used the products. The sub-questions, raised when people appraise novelty-complexity and coping potential were collected during the exploratory study. The exploratory study identified that each interaction type involves different kinds of sub-questions of novelty-complexity appraisal and coping potential appraisal. In various design case studies, function of novelty is generally well established as an important condition for evoking interest. However, it has not yet been studied if coping potential is a key component for eliciting interest in human-product interaction. Based on the collected sub-questions of appraisal components of interest, three prototypes of an interactive music player were designed with the intention to manipulate a level of interest in both passive and active interaction. Three variants of the prototype are made be identically novel, but have different levels of coping potential. The prototypes were tested with 50 participants. The test of prototypes proved that satisfying or violating the sub-questions of the appraisal components can differentiate a level of coping potential and novelty-complexity, and accordingly, it influenced on level of interest. Therefore, design for interest can be approached by activating novelty-complexity and coping potential, and this approach can be reformulated in terms of designing a product that satisfies (or violates) the sub-questions of appraisal components of interest. The test result showed that correlation of coping potential with interest was significant and stable across the prototypes, which means that coping potential is essential for evoking interest. The strongest correlation for interest was with novelty-complexity. Perceived annoyance was inversely proportional to the level of interest and perceived coping potential. It can be interpreted that novelty-complexity is not enough to elicit interest if there is lack of coping potential.
Experts inclusion in the audit for better audit reports

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Audit education and experience enables the auditor to learn about issues related to the work of the auditor general but are not required to possess expert knowledge that otherwise has educated or qualified person to be engaged in the practice of any other profession or occupation. The auditor has not the same expertise and therefore can’t always challenging assumptions and methods of the expert but the auditor should obtain and review the assumptions and methods used to assess whether they are appropriate and logical based on the audit knowledge of the business operations and the results of other audit procedures. \n \n Keywords: auditor, expert audit procedures, methods, tests \n \n
A supramolecular complex in the environmental stress signalling pathway ofBacillus subtilis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary σ B , an alternative sigma‐factor of Bacillus subtilis, mediates the response of the cell to a variety of physical insults. Within the environmental stress signalling pathway RsbU, a protein phosphatase, is stimulated by its interaction with the protein kinase RsbT. In the absence of stress RsbT is expected to be trapped by an alternative binding partner, RsbS. Here, we have demonstrated that RsbS alone cannot act as an alternative partner for RsbT, but instead requires the presence of RsbR to create a high molecular mass RsbR:RsbS complex (∼ 1 MDa) able to capture RsbT. In this complex the phosphorylation state of RsbS, and not that of RsbR, controlled the binding to RsbT, whose kinase activity towards RsbS could be counterbalanced by the activity of RsbX, the phosphatase for RsbS‐P. The RsbR:RsbS complex recruited RsbT from a mixture of RsbT and RsbU. The phosphorylated form of RsbR in the complex enhanced the kinase activity of RsbT towards RsbS. This supramolecular complex thus has the functional properties of an alternative partner for RsbT. Electron micrographs of this complex are presented, and the purification of the RsbR:RsbS complex from cellular extracts provides evidence for the existence of such a complex in vivo .
4 Young Entrepreneurship for Good: Evidence from the “Parallelo” Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Entrepreneurship is a crucial driver of economic growth and social development (Acs, 2006; Acs et al., 2018; Audretsch et al., 2006; van Praag and Versloot, 2007). However, the current debate around sustainability-related goals (SDGs above-all) and the so-called “Grand Challenges”, led us to further investigate the entrepreneurial process by focussing on what’s [...really...] “good” for business and for society. With the aim to contribute to the current debate, the Chapter focuses on a single longitudinal case study, namely “Officina Casona” (also known as “Parallelo”). Founded in 2017 by four young Italian social entrepreneurs, Parallelo promotes social inclusion of fragile categories and foreign people. The “formula” is the “social lab” involving creative craftsmen that collaborate in the design and creation of sustainable products based on recyclable/discarded materials. By implementing a narrative approach, the study aims at contributing to the current debate about entrepreneurial processes/goals that go beyond “pure” economic performance.
Cooperation during tumorigenesis by conditional MYC and <i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> oncogenes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Kaplan-Meir analysis of Tumor Free Survival for oncogene-induced lung tumorigenesis. Single MYC- (CM, n = 51) and <i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> -induced (CR, n = 41) lung tumors arose with a median latency of 52 and 26 weeks, respectively, after conditional oncogene activation. The double conditional oncogene animals (CMR, n = 25) had a median latency that were no different than the single CR animals by log-rank analysis suggesting that <i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> was epistatic to MYC for lung tumorigenesis. A syngenic control cohort consisting of wildtype mice, those with MYC/<i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> (without CCSP), CCSP alone, or <i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> alone were fed water and never developed lung tumors (n = 8). Tumor Free Survival was scored by serial µCT imaging of animals following addition of doxycycline at 3–4 weeks of age. (B) Kaplan-Meir analysis of Tumor Free Survival for oncogene-induced lymphomagenesis. MYC-induced lymphomas (LM, n = 26) arose with a median latency of 13 weeks after conditional oncogene activation. In contrast, less than half of the mice developed lymphoma after 100 weeks of conditional <i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> activation (LR, n = 25). The double conditional oncogene animals (LMR, n = 22) had a median latency that was significantly different than either single oncogene line (5 weeks, <i>p</i>< = 0.0001 by log rank), suggesting that <i>K-ras<sup>G12D</sup></i> and MYC were cooperative for lymphomagenesis. Control animals fed water never developed tumors (n = 6). Tumor Free Survival was scored when animals were moribund with tumor.</p>