jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A critical pedagogy approach for teaching adult English language learners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Critical pedagogy as an instructional approach to teaching and learning focuses on democracy, freedom, and the opportunity to challenge oppressive power structures founded upon hegemonic ideologies. This article presents a critical pedagogy approach to support the instruction of adult English language learners. Such an approach should adopt the following components: Building community, addressing implicit biases, dialogic instruction, reflective teaching, and critical thinking. Implementing a critical pedagogy approach to teaching in the adult English as a second language classroom will prepare the learners to become critical thinkers and learners for life.
In search of identity: Being a Rastafarian in Democratic Malawi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the Rastafari movement continues to attract a growing number of people around the world, not much is known in relation to how they have managed to sustain their identity despite the persecution and discrimination that most encounter. This is especially so in the case of Malawi where Rastafarians make up a minority of the country’s religious population, the majority of whom are adherents of the Christian and Islamic faiths. As Malawian Rastafarians continue to be marginalised, this paper sets out to explore how they have managed to remain firm in their identity. Using the Nigrescence Theory of 1971 that was formulated by American psychologist William Cross to describe one’s process of becoming Black, we set out to investigate how this theory could be utilized to understand the identity transformation of Rastafarians in Malawi. This was in line with the fact that Rastafari is rooted in Afrocentrism
Non-Fermi liquid properties of 2d symplectic fermions: the role of a dynamically generated (pseudo)-gap

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interacting symplectic fermion model in two spatial dimensions is further analyzed. As an effective low energy theory, the model is unitary. We show that a relativistic mass m is dynamically generated and derive a gap equation for it. By incorporating a finite temperature we study some fundamental properties of the model, such as the specific heat and spin response, which clearly show non-Fermi liquid properties. We find that various physical properties are suppressed at temperatures T< T* where the cross-over scale is T* = m. As a simplified, toy model of high Tc superconductivity, we thus identify the pseudogap energy scale with the zero temperature relativistic mass m, and show that this reproduces some qualitative aspects of the observed phenomenology of the pseudogap. The effects of the pseudogap and finite temperature on the d-wave gap equation are analyzed. In this model, the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon from superconductivity and in fact competes with it. Our analysis of Tc suggests that the quantum critical point of our model, where the pseudogap vanishes, occurs inside the superconducting dome near optimal doping. For an antiferromagnetic exchange energy of J/k_B ~ 1350K, solutions of the d-wave gap equation give a maximum Tc of about 110K.
Biotic relations between Rhizoctonia solani (damping-off pathogen) and soil fungal communities from forest nursery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In forest nursery Wronczyn (central-west Poland) the occurrence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings damping-offcaused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is connected with a strong supporting effect of soil fungi community on R. solani.Both the soil fungi community isolated in June and in October 1999 supported the pathogen growth to considerable extent.In both months the support was bigger in the case of more severe isolate of the pathogen.
Humanized SCID Mouse:A Small Animal Model for HIV Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A limitation in advancing the study of HIV-1 is the lack of a suitable small animal model system that allows for HIV-1 infection to be monitored.A mouse model of AIDS would be very useful because of it practicality and the ready availability of knowledge,reagents and immunogenetics.SCID-hu (Thy/Liv) mouse model,in which human fetal thymus and liver tissue are co-implanted into severe combined immunodeficient mice and resulting in a functional human hematopoietic organ (Thy/Liv),recapitulates the effects of HIV-1 infection in the human thymus.SCID-hu (Thy/Liv) mice are attractive and well-established small animal models for the study of HIV-1 infection in vivo.The humanized SCID mouse model would be served as valuable tools for in vivo studying pathogenesis of HIV,analysis of candidate anti-HIV drugs and vaccines prior to their clinical evaluation in human.
Case of Asphyxia from Hanging: Treated by Bleeding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background

Currently, booster dose is needed after 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. With limited resource and shortage of COVID-19 vaccine, intradermal(ID) administration might be a potential dose-sparing strategy.

Objective

To determine antibody response and reactogenicity of ID ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine(AZD1222,Oxford/AstraZeneca) as a booster dose after completion of 2-dose CoronaVac(SV) in healthy adult.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study of adult aged 18-59 years who received 2-dose SV at 14-35 days apart for more than 2 months. Participants received ID AZD1222 at fractional low dose(1×1010 viral particles,0.1ml). Antibody responses were evaluated by surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT) against wild type and delta variant and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain immunoglobulin G(anti-S-RBD IgG) at prior, day14 or 28, and day90 post booster. Solicited reactogenicity was collected during 7 days post-booster. Primary endpoint was the differences of sVNT against delta strain ≥80%inhibition at day14 and 90 compared with the parallel cohort study of 0.5-ml intramuscular(IM) route.

Results

From August2021, 100 adults with median(IQR) age of 46(41-52) years participated. At baseline, geometric means(GMs) of sVNT against delta strain prior to booster were 22.4%inhibition(95%CI 18.7-26.9) and of anti-S-RBD IgG were 109.3(95.4-125.1)BAU/ml. GMs of sVNT against delta strain were 92.9%inhibition(95%CI 87.7-98.3) at day14 and 73.1%inhibition(66.7-80.2) at day90 post ID booster. The differences of proportion of participants with sVNT to delta strain≥80%inhibition in ID recipients versus IM were +4.2%(95%CI-2.0to10.5) at day14, and -37.3%(−54.2to−20.3) at day90. Anti-S-RBD IgG GMs were 2037.1(95%CI1770.9-2343.2) at day14 and 744.6(650.1-852.9) BAU/ml at day90, respectively. Geometric mean ratios(GMRs) of anti-S-RBD IgG were 0.99(0.83-1.20) at day14, and 0.82(0.66-1.02) at day90. Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM(p=0.003). Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM(p=0.003). Common reactogenicity was erythema(55%) at injection site while 7% reported blister.

Conclusion

Low-dose ID AZD1222 booster enhanced lower neutralizing antibodies at 3 months compared with IM route. Less systemic reactogenicity occurred, but higher local reactogenicity.

Highlights

Intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine gave comparable short-term immunogenicity but lower 90-day immunogenicity with conventional intramuscular vaccine. Lower systemic but higher local reactogenicity was found in intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine. Blister and pruritus could be seen after intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine.
Consumption Volatility, Liquidity Constraints and Household Welfare

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We evaluate the impact of increased income uncertainty and financial liberalisation in the US on consumption volatility and household welfare. We estimate Euler equations and measure the volatility of unpredictable changes in consumption as the squared residuals. We directly control for liquidity constraints using SCF data on access to credit, and document that despite the increase in household debt between 1983 and 2007, there was no decline in the proportion of liquidity constrained households. Consumption volatil-ity increased significantly over this period, especially for liquidity constrained households, indicating substantial welfare losses.
Revealing Relationships between Surface Facets and Performance of LiNiO2 Cathodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ni-rich layered oxides with a general formula of LiNi 1-x M x O 2 (M = Mn, Co, Al etc.) are currently considered the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In order to further increase energy density, higher Ni content is desirable. Previous studies, however, showed that surface-related degradation reactions become more severe with increasing Ni content, especially at high operating voltages. 2 Recent theory work has suggested that surface facets play an important role in the reactivities between LiNiO 2 (LNO) and the electrolyte. 3 Experimental understanding of the overall relationships between Ni-rich oxide surface and reactivities, on the other hand, is largely missing. In this study, we synthesized single-crystal LiNiO 2 with different shapes and surface orientations, including Cubic with predominately (104)-family surfaces, Octahedron with predominately (012)-family and Truncated-polyhedron with mixed (001)-, (104)- and (012)-family surfaces. Note that synthesis of Ni-rich layered oxides with dominating (104) surfaces was not reported previously. We found that the Cubic-LNO sample consistently outperformed all other samples in terms of cycling stability and thermal stability, confirming (104) surface is preferrable for LNO cathodes with better cycle life and thermal safety. Our study not only identifies the optimal particle surface but also provides design insights for future development of Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes. References Bianchini, M.; Roca-Ayats, M.; Hartmann, P.; Brezesinski, T.; Janek, J., There and Back Again -The Journey of LiNiO2 as a Cathode Active Material. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58 (31), 10434-10458. Liang, L.; Zhang, W.; Zhao, F.; Denis, D. K.; Zaman, F. u.; Hou, L.; Yuan, C., Surface/Interface Structure Degradation of Ni‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes toward Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Fundamental Mechanisms and Remedying Strategies. Advanced Materials Interfaces 2019, 7 (3), 1901749. Cho, E.; Seo, S.-W.; Min, K., Theoretical Prediction of Surface Stability and Morphology of LiNiO2 Cathode for Li Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017, 9 (38), 33257-33266.
RESEARCH Open Access

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Recently, the anti-tumor activity of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was shown decreased expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), but the role of the down-expression of NDRG2 has not been described. Methods: The NDRG2 recombinant adenovirus plasmid was constructed. The proliferation rate and NDRG2 expression of cell infected with recombinant plasmid were mesured by MTT, Flow cytometry analysis and western blot. Results: The CCRCC cell A-498 re-expressed NDRG2 when infected by NDRG2 recombinant adenovirus and significantly decreased the proliferation rate. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis showed that 25.00 % of cells expressed NDRG2 were in S-phase compared to 40.67 % of control cells, whereas 62.08 % of cells expressed NDRG2 were in G1-phase compared to 54.39 % of control cells (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, there were much more apoptotic cells in NDRG2-expressing cells than in the controls (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, upregulation of NDRG2 protein was associated with a reduction in cyclin D1, cyclin E, whereas cyclinD2, cyclinD3 and cdk2 were not affected examined by western blot. Furthermore, we found that p53 could upregulate NDRG2 expression in A-498 cell. Conclusions: We found that NDRG2 can inhibit the proliferation of the renal carcinoma cells and induce arrest at G1 phase. p53 can up-regulate the expression of NDRG2. Our results showed that NDRG2 may function as a tumor
Known Harmful Effects of Constituents of Jet Oil Smoke

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The construction of cabin pressurization system of certain commercial aircraft allows pyrolyzed jet oil to leak into the cabin air, often producing visible smoke. The principal toxic constituents of this smoke are tricresyl phosphate, carbon monoxide, and N-phenyl-L-naphthylamine. Long term neurological effects alleged by airline workers could be due to tricresyl phosphate and/or carbon monoxide exposure.
Emergence of T cells that recognize nonpolymorphic antigens during graft-versus- host disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic GVHD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients and typically develops from antecedent acute GVHD. In contrast to acute GVHD, chronic GVHD has much broader tissue involvement and clinical manifestations that bear striking similarity to what is observed in autoimmune diseases. How autoimmunity arises out of alloimmunity has been a longstanding unresolved issue. To address this question, in the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the clonotypic T-cell response using complementary murine models that simulate what occurs during the transition from acute to chronic GVHD. These studies revealed repertoire skewing and the presence of high-frequency clonotypes that had undergone significant in vivo expansion, indicating that GVHD-associated autoimmunity was characterized by antigen-driven expansion of a limited number of T-cell clones. Furthermore, we observed that T cells with identical TCRβ CDR3 nucleotide sequences were capable of recognizing donor and host antigens, providing evidence that the loss of self-tolerance during acute GVHD leads to the emergence of self-reactive donor T cells that are capable of recognizing nonpolymorphic tissue or commensally derived antigens. These data provide a mechanistic framework for how autoimmunity develops within the context of preexisting GVHD and provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of chronic GVHD.
Induction of macrophage-mediated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by an L-form derived from Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We investigated the capability of an L-form derived from Staphylococcus aureus to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in murine peritoneal macrophages. The activity for TNF-alpha induction was found in the membrane fraction of the L-form but not in the cytoplasmal fraction purified by the sucrose step gradient centrifugation. TNF-alpha mRNA was also detected in macrophages stimulated with L-form membranes. L-form induced TNF-alpha production in macrophages from both lipopolysaccharide-responsive and -unresponsive mouse strains. Regardless of the presence of polymyxin B, the activity of TNF-alpha induction of L-form was mostly found in the phenol layer, but not in the aqueous layer, both of which were prepared by phenol extraction method. Fractions of L-form membranes representing molecular masses of approximately between 29 and 36 kDa were primarily responsible for inducing the production of TNF-alpha consistently. Moreover, this stimulatory effect was abolished by digestion with Streptomyces griseus protease. In Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with anti-lipoteichoic acid antibody, two bands (65 and 45 kDa) were observed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the phenol layer, whereas one band (14 kDa) was observed in either the aqueous layer or lipoteichoic acid of S. aureus. These results suggest that the component in the membrane of the L-form, distinct from cell wall components such as teichoic acid or lipopolysaccharide, possesses the capability to stimulate TNF-alpha production by macrophages.
Partners at Learning: A Service-Learning Approach to Serving Public School Students from Military Families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The majority of 4 million United States military-connected students attend public schools, and many face various challenges that stem from factors related to military service. Schools can support these students through a positive school climate and attention to their needs. University service-learning programs can enhance the experiences of military-connected students. This study presents an evaluation of the Partners at Learning program, where undergraduate university students provided tutoring to underserved students, including military-connected students. Results show that Partners at Learning tutors reported greater awareness of the unique experiences of these military-connected students, increased understanding of diverse groups, and increased interest in social justice advocacy.
DMCVR: Morphology-Guided Diffusion Model for 3D Cardiac Volume Reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate 3D cardiac reconstruction from cine magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is crucial for improved cardiovascular disease diagnosis and understanding of the heart's motion. However, current cardiac MRI-based reconstruction technology used in clinical settings is 2D with limited through-plane resolution, resulting in low-quality reconstructed cardiac volumes. To better reconstruct 3D cardiac volumes from sparse 2D image stacks, we propose a morphology-guided diffusion model for 3D cardiac volume reconstruction, DMCVR, that synthesizes high-resolution 2D images and corresponding 3D reconstructed volumes. Our method outperforms previous approaches by conditioning the cardiac morphology on the generative model, eliminating the time-consuming iterative optimization process of the latent code, and improving generation quality. The learned latent spaces provide global semantics, local cardiac morphology and details of each 2D cMRI slice with highly interpretable value to reconstruct 3D cardiac shape. Our experiments show that DMCVR is highly effective in several aspects, such as 2D generation and 3D reconstruction performance. With DMCVR, we can produce high-resolution 3D cardiac MRI reconstructions, surpassing current techniques. Our proposed framework has great potential for improving the accuracy of cardiac disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Code can be accessed at https://github.com/hexiaoxiao-cs/DMCVR.
Whose Umntu Anyway? Ubuntu in Relation to Gender and Human Dignity: Missiological Implications

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of ubuntu has been widely explored across various academic disciplines, yet it has also been subject to misuse and commercial exploitation. It has been appropriated as the name of an open-source operating system, a soft-drink brand, and various education initiatives, among other things. Furthermore, ubuntu has been employed to justify practices that exploit hospitality and perpetuate gender binaries. This paper contends that, considering these contexts, the concept has been overcooked and has lost its taste.
Equity, efficiency, and school improvement: Analysis of district expenditures in New Jersey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Declining revenue has decreased the resources that New Jersey schools will receive. Money problems for school districts have reached epidemic proportions. As a result, state legislatures and school districts alike must learn to spend money more efficiently and equitably. Equity and efficiency are synonymous. If school systems and the state government do not spend money efficiently, then equity can never be accomplished. This dissertation analyzes whether two public school districts in New Jersey and eight public school districts across the United States, in large and small districts, rich and poor, expend their funds efficiently. Thus, the problem is that most school officials and state leaders have very little data on exactly how much of that per pupil expenditure is reaching the instructional area. Without efficiency knowledge, no state legislature or school system can create an equitable plan of distributing resources to the schools. Eric Hanushek (1991) makes the argument that money does not really matter because administrators are not trained enough (or do not care enough) to allocate funds properly, that the additional revenue the state may give to low spending or poor districts may be squandered on non-instructional accounts. Also, other researchers like Chubb and Moe (1990), and Coleman (1987) have done efficiency studies based on how well schools are doing overall comparing "inputs" and "outputs." This study however, analyzes not only the amount of money allocated ("inputs") and pupil outcomes ("outputs"), but explains how the money is spent ("throughputs") by using the Micro-Financial Cascade Model. This model represents a comparison between the amount of dollars that are allocated to the classroom from public schools and the dollar relationship to school productivity rates. Allocations and expenditures are sorted into the 10 functions for both school site and central office. The function categories are entitled Administration, Building and Operational Support, Teacher Development, Pupil Support, and Instructional Support (these five functions are both at the school site and central office). Once a school's expenditures are tracked and put into the proper accounts (functions) then actual efficiency comparisons can be made from district to district and from school to school and greater school efficiency and equity will be obtained.
Issues and approaches for using equipment reliability alert levels

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report describes work accomplished to identify issues and approaches to establish alert levels for component reliability. Reliability alert levels are established on standby component counts of success and failure, where equipment demands are monitored and counted to ascertain if assumptions about acceptable reliability are likely to be correct. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the detection responses and false alarm rates of several alert level systems. The detection responses were obtained in response to a specified reliability degradation. Two of the alert systems were demonstrated with actual failure data on the Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) for five plants. Burden and risk measures of effectiveness were developed to compare different alert level schemes having different detection responses and false alarm rates. 7 refs., 32 figs., 6 tabs.
Annealing Effect on ITO Films Sputtered with Argon, Oxygen and Hydrogen

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) has been studied as a TCO for solar cell application. The deposition was performed with an industrial designed sputtering unit, and corning glass was used as substrate. The effect of annealing on the electrical and optical properties of ITO films was studied. The films were sputtered in three different ambient; Ar, a mixture of Ar and O2 and a mixture of Ar and H2. The annealing was performed in air at 300 °C for 15 min. The highest transmittance (88%) and lowest resistivity of the as-deposited films was achieved when the ITO was sputtered with a 3.3% oxygen flow (of total flow) added to the working gas (Ar). After annealing, the highest transmittance (91.3%) and lowest resistivity (2.3 x 10-4 Ω cm) was achieved when the ITO was sputtered without addition of oxygen or hydrogen gas to the working gas. SIMS measurements were performed on both as-deposited and annealed samples in order to disclose the elemental composition.