jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The neutral oxygen spectrum. 1: Collisionally excited level populations and line intensities under optically thin conditions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (54) References (37) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Neutral Oxygen Spectrum. I. Collisionally Excited Level Populations and Line Intensities under Optically Thin Conditions Bhatia, A. K. ; Kastner, S. O. Abstract This is the first paper in a projected program to produce quantitative information on the spectrum of the neutral oxygen atom under a variety of excitation conditions. Radiative rates and effective collision strengths are assembled from the recent literature where available, or are calculated for as yet untreated transitions using the University College superstructure/distorted-wave computer package, to produce a complete set of atomic data for a 13 hybrid level model of neutral oxygen. Level populations and relative intensities for 28 allowed, inter-combination, and forbidden oxygen lines are computed, under optically thin conditions, for the electron density range 4.0 less than log Ne less than 12.0 and the electron temperature values Te = 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 K. Preliminary applications to observed intercombination/allowed and forbidden/allowed line ratios are discussed. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Pub Date: January 1995 DOI: 10.1086/192121 Bibcode: 1995ApJS...96..325B Keywords: Atomic Collisions; Atomic Excitations; Neutral Particles; Optical Thickness; Oxygen; Oxygen Spectra; Radiation Sources; Computerized Simulation; Electron Density (Concentration); Electron Energy; Line Spectra; Atomic and Molecular Physics; ATOMIC DATA; ATOMIC PROCESSES full text sources ADS | Related Materials (1) Part 2: 1995ApJ...439..346K
Representation Learning for Question Classification via Topic Sparse Autoencoder and Entity Embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning models have achieved great successes these days. There are intensive studies of word representation learning for question classification. As questions are typically short texts, existing techniques are often not effective for extracting discriminative representations of questions just from a limited number of words. This motivates us to exploit additional information beyond words in order to improve the representation learning of questions. On one hand, topic modeling often captures meaningful semantic structures from the question corpus. Such global topical information should be helpful for question representations. On the other hand, entities extracted from question themselves provide more auxiliary information for short texts from a local viewpoint. Together with words, topics and entities, question representations can be substantially improved.In this paper, we propose a unified neural network framework by integrating Topic modeling, Word embedding and Entity Embedding (TWEE) for question representation learning. Concretely, we introduce a novel topic sparse autoencoder to incorporate discriminative topics into the representation learning of questions. In addition, both words and entity related information are embedded into the network to help learn a more comprehensive question representation. Empirical experiments show that the proposed TWEE framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on different datasets.
Numerical modelling of group effects on the distribution of dragloads in pile foundations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Negative skin friction on pile foundations, predicted from the results of numerical analyses, is presented. Soil slip at the pile–soil interface has been found to be the most important factor in governing pile behaviour in consolidating ground. Reduction in dragload is predicted for piles in a group owing to interaction between soil and pile. It has been demonstrated that the group effect depends not only on the configuration of the pile group, but also on soil slip along the pile–soil interface, governed mainly by the interface friction coefficient and the soil settlement. Various factors should be included in an evaluation of the group effect, including the pile spacing, the number of piles in a group, the relative location of piles in a group, the pile type, the pile installation method, the surface loading and the stiffness of the soil. Existing design approaches result in overprediction of dragload for a single pile and of group effect for a pile group. Back-analysed dragloads and group effects considering soil slip are compared with a number of case histories.
Linguistic politeness: the backbone of cross-cultural communication within a second language environment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As politeness is conveyed within a communicational context, the concept of linguistic politeness is therefore relevant to any language user, striving to be an efficient communicator, especially within a socially and culturally diverse society. The concept of linguistic politeness has been the subject of much debate amongst theorists. Essential to any discussion on linguistic politeness are the aspects of euphemism, pragmatics and sociolinguistic and communicational competence, all of which will be discussed, and their implications for linguistic politeness will be considered. Linguistic politeness is a subject that should be central to any language curriculum and is of vital importance to the process of communication. It is therefore the aim of this paper to make evident how important a topic it is, and how necessary it is for the process of communication, especially cross-cultural communication.
Ensemble clustering method based on the resampling similarity measure for gene expression data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid development of microarray technologies enabled the monitoring of expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. Microarray technology has great potential for creating an enormous amount of data in a short time, and now becomes a new tool for studying such broad problems as classification of tumors in biology and medical science. Many statistical methods are available for analysing and systematizing these complex data into meaningful information, and one of the main goals in analysing gene expression data is the detection of samples or genes with similar expression patterns. In this paper, we developed a new clustering method of class discovery in a dataset. The performances of the new and existing methods were compared using both simulated data and real gene expression data. The proposed method was generally found to give more accurate cluster numbers and cluster assignments for individual objects than the three well-known general clustering methods such as agglomerative and divisive hierarchical clustering (HC) and self-organizing map (SOM). It also gave better results than the three consensus clustering methods based on agglomerative and divisive HC and SOM.
Inner product of arbitrary scalar optical fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present an experimental scheme to calculate the inner product of two arbitrary scalar optical fields. The scheme is based on using an interferometer to generate superpositions of the optical fields with a relative phase difference between the two fields. The intensity observed permits the calculation of the inner product using numerical integration. The experimental results obtained for the inner product of a few common optical fields are presented along with comparison with simulations.
Prediction of the CP Phase $δ_{CP}$ in the Neutrino Oscillation and an Axion-less Solution to the Strong CP Problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A model of the axion-less solution to the strong CP problem has been recently constructed based on the $\bf T^2/\mathbb{Z}_3$ orbifold in the six dimensional space-time. We extend, in this paper, the model to include the lepton sector with three right-handed neutrinos. A crucial point in the extended model is that we have only one CP-violating phase and thus the CP phase in the neutrino oscillation can be predicted by the CP phase in the CKM matrix. The CP phase $δ_{CP}$ in the PMNS matrix is predicted as $δ_{CP}\simeq 192^\circ - 195^\circ$ which can be tested in the near future experiments. We also discuss the effective mass $m_{ββ}$ responsible for the neutrino-less double beta decay of nucleus, which is predicted as $m_{ββ} \simeq 8-11$\,meV. We consider the leptogenesis and confirm that our model generates the right sign of the baryon asymmetry if the first family right-handed neutrino is the lightest among the heavy right-handed neutrinos.
A White Paper Prepared for the OpenMP Architectural Review Board on DMPL: An OpenMP DLL Debugging Interface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

OpenMP is a widely adopted standard for threading directives across compiler implementations. The standard is very successful since it provides application writers with a simple, portable programming model for introducing shared memory parallelism into their codes. However, the standards do not address key issues for supporting that programming model in development tools such as debuggers. In this paper, we present DMPL, an OpenMP debugger interface that can be implemented as a dynamically loaded library. DMPL is currently being considered by the OpenMP Tools Committee as a mechanism to bridge the development tool gap in the OpenMP standard.
March for Life as Specific Example of a Postsecular Conflict?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The conflict between the pro-life and pro-choice movements over the question of the right to abortion can be assigned to the category of a (global) cultural war. Croatia is a region where significant desecularisation tendencies can be observed, and where there has been a return of religion into the public space. It is a region in which the Roman Catholic Church and the conservative movement intervene in the debates on the right to abortion and tend to shape the public discourse on this issue. The article responds to the debate about the existence of culture wars in the Croatian context. To establish the Croatian context of this situation, the text uses the concept of a'postsecular conflict' as defined by Kristina Stoeckl, who uses this term instead of the term 'culture war'. The research is based on a content analysis of newspaper articles published in five different periodicals between 2016 and 2020 that all explicitly mention the March for Life in Zagreb. This is not the case of a Western concept being mechanically applied in a different non-Western context. The article transposes the concept of a postsecular conflict to the context of a country in which there is one dominant religious actor that intervenes in society. In the case of Croatia and other countries like this, the conflict between the pro-life and pro-choice movements plays out not only on the conservative-liberal line but also the religious-secular one.
Wheat Response to Increasing Levels of Residual Alkalinity in Irrigation Water in a Semi-Arid Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cultivars to irrigation with sodic waters having high residual alkalinity is not well known. The objective of this field investigation (2006–07 to 2008–09) was to study the response of three wheat cultivars (PBW 343, PBW 502, and PBW 550) to four levels of residual sodium carbonate (RSC) in irrigation water: 0, 3, 6.5, and 10 mmolc L−1 at Ludhiana. Another field study (2004–05 to 2006–07) involving PBW 343 and PBW 502 was carried out using tubewell water irrigation (RSC of 5.5 mmolc L−1) at Bathinda. Increase in RSC significantly increased soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage and decreased grain yield of all three cultivars at Ludhiana. The three cultivars responded differentially to RSC levels. Data pooled across three years at Ludhiana revealed that at 3 mmolc L−1 RSC, yields of PBW 343 and PBW 502 were similar, but cultivar PBW 343 produced higher yield than PBW 502 and PBW 550 when irrigated with water containing 6.5 and 10 mmolc L−1 RSC. Cultivar PBW 550 had the lowest grain yields at all levels of RSC. Grain yield at 10 mmolc L−1 RSC was 3.9, 3.3, and 2.9 Mg ha−1 for PBW 343, PBW 502, and PBW 550, respectively. No significant effect of RSC of irrigation water on any grain quality parameter of cultivars was observed. At Bathinda, cultivar PBW 343 produced 11% higher grain yield than PBW 502 under tubewell irrigation. At both the locations, cultivar PBW 343 performed better with respect to yield than the other cultivar/s and, therefore, should be preferred on soils irrigated with waters containing RSC higher than 5 mmolc L−1.
Asymptotics of Muttalib-Borodin determinants with Fisher-Hartwig singularities

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Muttalib-Borodin determinants are generalizations of Hankel determinants and depend on a parameter $θ>0$. In this paper, we obtain large $n$ asymptotics for $n \times n$ Muttalib-Borodin determinants whose weight possesses an arbitrary number of Fisher-Hartwig singularities. As a corollary, we obtain asymptotics for the expectation and variance of the real and imaginary parts of the logarithm of the characteristic polynomial, several central limit theorems, and some global bulk rigidity upper bounds. Our results are valid for all $θ> 0$.
Assessment of Blood Donation Safety by People Diagnosed with Diabetes, Hypertension, Malaria and Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present review aims to assess the blood donation safety by people suffered from diabetes, hypertension, malaria and cancer. Diabetes, hypertension, malaria and cancer have become common health problems in human society. Cases of blood transfusion-transmitted malaria, hypertension, cancer and the safety of blood donation by diabetic people have been described around the world and highlighted in some studies. Diabetes is generally associated with complications and people with diabetes usually take different medications and may already have anaemia secondary to renal impairment, B12 deficiency. As for the recipient safety, a blood from a person with hyperglycaemia but otherwise healthy i.e. satisfy blood donation safety standards (no record of HIV, Hepatitis B or C) would be quite safe to receive as the extra glucose would simply be regulated and utilised by the recipient's body. Hypoglycemia is as bad as hyperglycemia and could be fatal and hence, generally, it is not desired that diabetics give blood donations. Diabetic patients taking bovine or porcine insulin may develop antibodies and it is not recommended that the antibody contaminated blood to be given to any other person. A person with hypertension can donate blood, as long as the blood pressure is normal at the time of blood donation and there’s no fluctuation. Malaria is also readily transmitted by blood transfusion through donations collected from asymptomatic, parasitaemic donors. The parasite is released into the bloodstream during its lifecycle and will, therefore, be present in blood donated by infected individuals. The presence of total anti-Plasmodium spp. antibodies in the bloodstream of individuals many years after exposure, with no history of malaria in the meantime, is important to highlight. Regarding donors with cancer blood donations should not be taken from people with recently active malignancies, except in the case of basal cell carcinoma or cervical carcinoma in situ.
Suicide Risk in the Treatment of Chronic Pain with Opioids

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT:\nPurpose: The purpose of this article is to review chronic pain patients being treated with opioids and analyze the associated risks of suicide.\nMethod: A PubMed literature and Google Scholar search were conducted with the following search terms: chronic pain, opioids, and suicide. Eleven pertinent articles were retrieved, and they serve as the basis for this clinical review.\nResults: Evidence shows that chronic pain treated with opioids may increase the risk of suicide.\nConclusion: Studies have shown that chronic pain is a risk factor for suicide. Opioids could potentially be a risk for suicide, as well as a means of suicide. Prior research has shown that more than 90% of those who die by suicide had a diagnosable mental disorder at the time of death. Individuals with a history of depression and PTSD are more likely to have chronic pain and to receive prescription opioids; usually in higher doses and for longer periods of time. Further research is needed to establish a direct correlation between chronic pain, opioids, and suicide.
Mechanism of CRISPR-Cas Immunological Memory

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Immunological memory, defined as the ability for cells to rapidly respond to previously encountered pathogens, has long been thought to be present solely in eukaryotes. Recently, it was discovered that bacteria and archaea also possess analogous adaptive immune systems called CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR associated). CRISPRs are distinct genomic loci comprising of repeating 20-50 base pair (bp) sequences that are separated by foreign DNA-derived segments called spacers. Upon viral infection, a ~30 bp fragment of the foreign DNA is acquired into the CRISPR locus as a new spacer, serving as a molecular memory of that specific infection. The CRISPR RNA (crRNA) products of CRISPR loci are used as guides by Cas proteins to silence infectious foreign genetic elements containing sequence complementarity to the crRNA. The research presented in this dissertation elucidates the mechanisms underlying spacer acquisition during CRISPR immunity. Cas1 and Cas2, the only universally conserved Cas proteins present in CRISPR-harboring organisms, are sufficient to elicit spacer acquisition in E. coli. Using a combination of biochemical, bacterial genetics and X-ray crystallography experiments, we reveal the requirement of Cas1 and Cas2 to associate as a protein complex during CRISPR immunity. Cas1 is the catalytic subunit, whereas Cas2 functions as a scaffold within the complex. By determining crystal structures of Cas1–Cas2 bound to a 33 bp DNA from M13 bacteriophage, we uncover Cas1–Cas2 as a molecular ruler that precisely measures the foreign DNA across the entire complex with each DNA end terminating in the catalytic Cas1 active sites. Collectively, our structural data uncover how Cas1–Cas2 captures, measures and prepares foreign DNA for insertion into the CRISPR locus.A hallmark of CRISPR immunological memory is the addition of foreign DNA spacers into CRISPR loci. By developing an in vitro assay to study spacer acquisition, we reveal that purified Cas1–Cas2 can be loaded with 18-50 bp spacer DNA for integration into a plasmid encoding the CRISPR locus. Cas1–Cas2 integrates spacers adjacent to the CRISPR repeats via a nucleophilic reaction of the DNA 3'–OH ends into the target DNA, in a mechanism similar to many retroviral integrases and transposases. Furthermore, the integration host factor (IHF) protein in E. coli binds the CRISPR leader to induce sufficient DNA bending required for the integration reaction, explaining the mechanistic basis for leader-proximal spacer acquisition observed in vivo. Together, these in vitro assays fully recapitulate immunological memory during prokaryotic CRISPR immunity.
Predictive factors for omitting lymphadenectomy in patients with node‐positive breast cancer treated with neo‐adjuvant systemic therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A pathologic complete response (pCR) in the axilla occurs in 30%-40% of patients with initially node-positive breast cancer after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Debate persists about whether to perform systematic axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) in patients with initial node-positive disease and clinical complete response after NACT. We aimed to identify predictive factors of axillary pCR (ypN0) after NACT. This retrospective study analyzed data for all patients with initial biopsy-proven node-positive disease who underwent ALND after NACT between June 2008 and December 2016 at our institution. Clinical and pathologic features, recurrence and specific mortality rates were compared between patients who achieved an axillary pCR and those who did not (ypN0 vs ypN+, respectively). A total of 331 patients were included, of whom 128 (38.7%) became ypN0 after NACT. Among patients with >2 suspicious axillary lymph nodes before treatment, 54 (38%) achieved ypN0 status. The independent predictors of ypN0 were Ki-67 > 30 (OR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.146-3.381), HER2 positivity (OR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.354-5.108), nonluminal molecular-like subtype (OR 4.15; 95% CI, 2.068-5.108), and clinical complete response, defined as negative clinical and ultrasonographic findings (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.110-7.081). After a mean follow-up of 61 months, distant disease-free and overall survival rates were higher in patients with ypN0 disease (HR 4.14; 95% CI, 2.03-8.43) than ypN+ patients. Complete clinical response and the presence of nonluminal molecular-like subtypes independently predicted ypN0. Patients meeting these criteria might be suitable form omitting ALND and just performing targeted axillary procedures to patients meeting these criteria.
Understanding of Rice Domestication Process based on DNA Changes in Domestication-trait Genes.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

これまでに多くの諸説が発表されている我が国の栽培イネの起源について，最新のゲノム情報と脱粒性などの「栽培化」により選抜された変異情報を結び付けて展開していただいた。日本の温帯ジャポニカ誕生への進化の流れをわかりやすく解説していただいている。
Phytoestrogens and Amenorrhea in Athletes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plants contain several different families of natural products. Phytoestrogens are one such compound that is found in variety of plant foods. On the basis of the chemical structure, phytoestrogens are classified into four major categories such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes. Structurally phytoestrogens are very much similar to 17 β-estradiol, so they have a tendency to exhibit estrogen-like activity, which has increased the interest of researchers to use it as a hormone replacement therapy. Nowadays, special attention is given to various isoflavonoids including genistein, diadzens, coumestrol, equol, and several prenylated flavonoids mainly, 8-prenylnaringein and stilbene resveratrol. Menstrual changes and bone density may be favorably influenced by phytoestrogens. These compounds have not only been observed to mimic the role of estrogen in humans but have also shown to exhibit effects and action in both similar and divergent manner as of the hormone. The eventual action of phytoestrogen in specific cells is determined by several factors such as the relative levels of estrogen receptors both α and β and the varied number and types of coactivators and corepressors presently existing in the cell. An increase in the consumption of herbal and natural nutritional supplements with ergogenic goals with particular regard to ecdysteroids, phytosterols, and vegetal sterols has been observed in past among the athletes which call for the need to assess the knowledge of athletes and physically active individuals about the plant-based nutritional supplements as well as its associations with amenorrhea in female athletes, their health profile, and reproductive life.