jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the drying characteristics of microalgae using microwave irradiation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microalgae is one of the alternative feedstock for biofuel production with the highest yield per land area. However, current method in microalgae drying process requires high energy which accounts to about 60% of the total energy of the biofuel production chain. Moreover, conventional means of drying results to uneven drying of the microalgae with respect to slurry thickness. This study investigated the drying of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) using microwave irradiation which offers a faster means of drying while providing even drying patterns across the slurry thickness. In this paper, the experiment used three (3) microwave intensity levels (300W, 600W, and 900W) to 10g, 20g, and 30g of microalgae sample, a total of nine (9) samples. Results showed that 30 W/g is the best microwave intensity level per gram of microalgae to attain the bone dry mass of the microalgae, while intensity level 20W/g is best to meet the requirement of obtaining a maximum 10% moisture content in the sample.
Monetary Movements and Market Structure—Forces for Contraction in Fourteenth-and Fifteenth-Century England

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

That the Black Death of 1348–1349 disrupted the economies of Europe during the later middle ages is not open to doubt. That the economic effects of the plague varied from sector to sector is perhaps equally indubitable. The diversity of its impact upon various economic sectors reveals itself both in contemporary evidence and in the fiery controversies generated by modern economic historians, each basing his argument on conflicting statistics or inferences drawn, often without careful regard, from disparate sectors. It is thus not accidental that even the most cursory review of the literature concerning the period after the plague will unearth a surprising lack of agreement among the specialists.
On a Gel'fand-Yaglom-Peres theorem for f-divergences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that the $f$-divergence between two probability measures $P$ and $R$ equals the supremum of the same $f$-divergence computed over all finite measurable partitions of the original space, thus generalizing results previously proved by Gel'fand and Yaglom and by Peres for the Information Divergence and more recently by Dukkipati, Bhatnagar and Murty for the Tsallis' and Renyi's divergences.
Posterior Corneal Astigmatism Does Not Influence Manifest-Treated Topography-guided LASIK Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate whether the magnitude of posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) impacts refractive and visual outcomes of primary topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to provide guidance on treating eyes with high PCA. Methods: Comparative retrospective analysis of 4,541 consecutive eyes treated with Contoura (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) on the manifest refractive astigmatism. Standard outcomes of the 1,514 eyes with the lowest PCA (first tercile; low PCA group) were compared to the 1,514 eyes with the highest PCA (last tercile; high PCA group). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships between variables. Results: Preoperatively, 20.9% of eyes presented with PCA of 0.50 diopters (D) or greater. The mean PCA was 0.18 ± 0.07 D in eyes with low PCA, and 0.50 ± 0.11 D in eyes with high PCA. An equivalent number of eyes achieved a cumulative postoperative unilateral uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 in both the low PCA and high PCA groups (95.3% vs 94.7%; P = .4489). The efficacy index of both low and high PCA eyes was identical (0.99 ± 0.06 vs 0.99 ± 0.08; P = .3192), as was the safety index (1.00 ± 0.02 vs 1.00 ± 0.03; P = .0110). The magnitude of preoperative PCA was weakly correlated with postoperative refractive astigmatism ( R = 0.1323), but not with postoperative defocus equivalent ( R = −0.0414) or spherical equivalent ( R = −0.0128). Conclusions: PCA does not negatively impact the outcomes of topography-guided LASIK targeting the manifest refraction, having identical accuracy, efficacy, and safety in eyes with both low and high PCA. There is no scientific basis to measure and consider PCA in topography-guided LASIK planning software or nomograms if the excimer laser treatment input targets the manifest refraction. [ J Refract Surg . 2022;38(12):780–790.]
[Study on Autophagy and Apoptosis Induced by Amiodarone Combined with Glycyrrhetinic Acid in HepG2 Cells].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

By increasing apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and autophagy level, and decreasing the cell activity, amiodarone combining with glycyrrhetinic acid treatment inducing autophagy a protective mechanism for cells.
Consensus engineering of sucrose phosphorylase: The outcome reflects the sequence input

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Consensus engineering, which is replacing amino acids by the most frequently occurring one at their positions in a multiple sequence alignment (MSA), is a known strategy to increase the stability of a protein. The application of this concept to the entire sequence of an enzyme, however, has been tried only a few times mainly because of the problems determining the consensus in highly variable regions. We show that this problem can be solved by replacing such problematic regions by the corresponding sequence of the natural homologue closest to the consensus. When one or a few sub‐families are overrepresented in the MSA the consensus sequence is a biased representation of the sequence space. We examine the influence of this bias by constructing three consensus sequences using different MSAs of sucrose phosphorylase (SP). Each consensus enzyme contained about 70 mutations compared to its closest natural homologue and folded correctly and displayed activity on sucrose. Correlation analysis revealed that the family's co‐evolution network was kept intact, which is one of the main advantages of full‐length consensus design. The consensus enzymes displayed an “average” thermostability, that is, one that is higher than some but not all known representatives. We cautiously present practical rules for the design of consensus sequences, but warn that the measure of success depends on which natural enzyme is used as point of comparison. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2563–2572. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From exclusion and segregation to inclusion? Dis/ability-based inequalities in the education systems of Germany and Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract While many groups have historically been marginalised in education systems, few groups have faced the same extent of exclusion and discrimination within formal education systems as the diverse group of pupils with disabilities, learning difficulties or disadvantages. A range of special education settings have been institutionalised, yet most often support and services were and continue to be provided in segregated or separated formal settings. However, over the past several decades, Education for All and inclusive education have become worldwide norms, authorised in global human rights charters. To emphasise such developments, we examine contrasting cases: countries that both strive to become more “inclusive,” yet exhibit considerable barriers to inclusion. Nigeria, with a huge out-of-school population, endeavours to reduce prevalent exclusion from schooling, but attempts to do so by expanding special education. Germany attempts to reduce persistent segregation, but rates of special schooling continue to increase.
Impact of interspecific hybridization of T. pratense × T. medium and backcrossing on genetic variability of progeny

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality fodder crop which has been hybridized successfully with its wild relative zigzag clover (T. medium L.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic impact of interspecific hybridization and subsequent repeated backcrossing on the variability within hybrid progeny genomes. Nuclear DNA content of 800 and 753 hybrid plants from F7/F8 and F8/F9 generations, respectively, was measured by flow cytometry. Resulting values were converted to estimated chromosome counts, which were successfully validated on a sample of 28 plants by counting mitotic chromosomes. The two generations showed a similar distribution of various chromosome counts ranging from 22 to 47 chromosomes. In total, 24.0% and 34.3% of plants from the two generations had different numbers of chromosomes from their parental plants. Variability within the hybrid population was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization using rDNA probes. Individual plants had a pattern of 5S and 45S rDNA loci rather more similar to that of T. pratense than of T. medium. Numbers of chromosomes with clusters of 5S rDNA ranged from 6 to 14 while those of 45S rDNA varied between 4 and 13. Individual arrangements were almost unique, and some plants possessed also novel formations which were not present in any of the parental species, such as a cluster of 5S rDNA surrounded by 45S rDNA clusters or a 45S rDNA cluster surrounded by 5S rDNA clusters. This suggests complex rearrangements connected with post-hybridization stabilization of hybrid genomes.
Conclusions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Fluvial, beach, and associated aeolian environments are the most applicable areas for GPR in geoarchaeological contexts. These areas contain abundant archaeological sites and are ideal for most GPR methods. Caves are more difficult as they contain thick floor sequences of thin stratigraphic units, which necessitate low-frequency antennae for depth penetration but accompanying lower resolution. There is a bright future for GPR in lakes, swamps, and bogs due to good depth penetration, but access and collection can be more difficult. Urban environments are often the most complicated due to the complexity of anthropogenic stratigraphy. Only detailed profile analysis in a tightly spaced grid will suffice for interpretation in these areas, and only later will amplitude slice-maps be understood. GPR for geoarchaeological analysis in the future will require multidisciplinary students trained in geology, archaeology, and geophysics.
SILLQUID - Can a Microwave Quick Tool Predict Quality and Origin of Herring

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is a great need within the fish industry for quick tools to measure origin, fat content and general quality right after landing. In SILLQUID, the fast and non-destructive method MWspectroscopy, developed in two recent EU-projects, was tested for prediction of origin, compositional and quality parameters of a unique herring material collected and analyzed during NI-project 02106. Through participation of three pelagic companies, the MW-tool was also tested during industrial production of herring and mackerel fillets.
Cardiac transplantation in Hawai'i: a summary of the first 21 years.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1987 and 2008, 45 patients have undergone cardiac transplantation in Hawai'i. This article summarizes the authors' experiences with cardiac transplantation over this 21-year period. The cumulative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates after transplantation have been 73.8%, 70.0%, and 63.2%, respectively. The corresponding survival rates have improved over the last eight years and are now 90.0%, 87.5%, and 83.3%, respectively. Despite clinical improvements, low patient volumes make the maintenance of a state-based program in Hawai'i difficult. Problems with financing and referral biases will need to be addressed if a local program is to continue.
A longitudinal investigation of sleep hygiene as a mediator linking parental warmth with adolescent sleep

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Study Objectives Parental warmth in adolescence protects sleep in early adulthood, yet the nature, directions, and mechanisms of this association across adolescence are unknown. This study examined parental warmth, adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep outcomes (morning/eveningness, school night sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness) across five annual waves, spanning four years, using a cross-lagged panel design. Methods Adolescents and one primary caregiver (96% mothers) completed questionnaires assessing parental warmth (child- and parent-report) and adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep (child-report), across five annual waves: Wave 1 (N = 531, Mage = 11.18, SD = 0.56, 51% male), Wave 2 (N = 504, Mage = 12.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 3 (N = 478, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 4 (N = 440, Mage = 14.76, SD = 0.47, 51% male), and Wave 5 (N = 422, Mage = 15.75, SD = 0.49, 51% male). Results Greater child-reported parental warmth was indirectly associated with better adolescent sleep (greater morningness, longer school night sleep duration, less sleepiness) through healthier sleep hygiene. The inverse was also often observed. Warmth had a direct relationship with sleep duration and sleepiness, independent of sleep hygiene. Parent-reported parental warmth did not predict, nor was predicted by child-reported adolescent sleep. Conclusions Parental warmth may protect against developmental changes in adolescent sleep, partially by improving sleep hygiene practices. Similarly, inadequate adolescent sleep may negatively impact parental warmth via deteriorating sleep hygiene. Sleep hygiene emerged as a key mechanism for protecting adolescent sleep and parent-child relationships.
Clinical trials: The conflict between the doctors’ financial interests of in recruiting patients and the patients’ best interests in Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Hippocratic and the principle of beneficence require that doctors should always act in the patient’s best interest. However, once the ‘doctor’ puts on the hat of a ‘doctor-investigator’ by involving in clinical trials, the responsibility to safeguard the interests of the patient is no longer a priority.This is because the interest or intent of the doctor-investigator is different from that of the doctor who offers medical treatment solely in the best interests of patients.Instead, there are many interests of doctor-investigators, which include financial incentives in return for recruiting patients as research subjects.When there is a conflict between the financial interests of doctors in recruiting patients and patients’ best interests, ethical challenges to the integrity of doctor investigators may arise in making decision which is not bias. Hence, the objective of this paper is to discuss about conflict of interests between the doctor-investigator incentives to recruit and the doctor-investigator’s duty to keep the patients’ best interest.A qualitative methodology has been used in the process of writing this conceptual paper.The findings show that incentives gained by doctor-investigators in return for recruiting patients violate the principle of ethics because of the conflict of interests bearing in mind that the Hippocratic and the principle of beneficence require doctors to act in the patients’ best interest.
DU KANNST NICHT TREU SEIN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Musikkorps der Schutzpolizei Berlin Writer: Otten; Ebeler Walzlied mit Gesang; Dirigent. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 375.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 37388 Catalog number: A 11632 Other IDs from the record include: 37388
Online 24 hour hardware lab video server configuration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the age of information, everyone is connected and therefore information can be easily shared across countries and borders. This led to the creation of many massive open online courses (MOOC) that distributes learning materials through the internet. While delivering text, tutorials and recorded lectures through MOOCs are relatively easy for courses such as programming¬¬¬ and mathematics it is harder for courses such as science and engineering courses to deliver the knowledge through text and tutorials alone where practical experimentation is just as important as the tutorials. The purpose of the whole project is to rework and build upon the findings of the previous Online 24 Hour hardware access lab team. The new project team is tasked to improve the system as a whole and the project is divided into six different projects ranging from backend server interface configuration to frontend web-server configuration and even to pedagogy to craft new experiments. The major rework and improvement on the system includes providing multiple parallel video feeds, queues, scheduling, VPN-less access and the ability to save and download previous experiment videos. This report will be concentrating on the Online 24 hour hardware lab backend server configuration which concentrates mainly on creating a video server that provides multiple live video streams, various configuration and optimization studies and also video saving and downloading features.
SAR-DFD-2025: A High-Quality & Diverse Dry Fish Dataset from South Asia

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SAR-DFD-2025 is a high-quality, large-scale dataset focused on dry fish species from South Asia. It contains diverse image samples captured under various lighting conditions, angles, and backgrounds to enhance robustness in machine learning and computer vision applications. The dataset is designed to support research in image classification, object detection, and species recognition of dry fish, contributing to advancements in food security, fisheries management, and automated seafood quality assessment. Key Features: High-resolution images of various dry fish species from South Asia Captured in diverse environmental conditions to ensure dataset generalizability Suitable for deep learning tasks such as classification, segmentation, and object detection Annotated metadata for improved usability in research applications This dataset serves as a benchmark for researchers working in computer vision, marine biology, and food technology, enabling novel applications in automated dry fish recognition and quality assessment.
The strain effect of dam on intrauterine incisal growth in mouse fetuses.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The embryo transfer technique was carried out to examine the strain effect of dams on the intrauterine incisal growth of mouse fetuses. A mean of nine DDD/Qdj embryos was transferred to each female recipient of the four strains (DDD/Qdj, C3H/Qdjl C57BL/Qdj, and DBA/IJ Sea). The dam's weight, the litter size, the gestation period and the newborn offspring weight were recorded. The mandibular incisal size of the newborn offspring was measured two-dimensionally by means of an image analyzing system. Statistical analyses of the incisal size of the DDD/Qdj newborn offspring delivered from the four strains of recipients showed the following results: 1) There were significant interstrain differences in the dam's weight and the newborn offspring weight, but not in the litter size and the gestation period among the four strains of recipients. 2) There was an inverse relation between the litter size and the mandibular incisal size while there were direct relations between the dam's weight and the mandibular incisal size, and between the newborn offspring weight and the mandibular incisal size. 3) There was a significant strain effect of the dam on the mandibular incisal size of the newborn offspring. 4) After eliminating the effects of the litter size, the gestation period, and the newborn offspring weight on the mandibular incisal size of the DDD/Qdj newborn offspring developed in the four strains of dams, a significant interstrain difference in the adjusted mandibular incisal size was found (C3H/Qdj > DBA/IJ Sea > C57BL/Qdj > DDD/Qdj), suggesting that the uteri of the C3H/Qdj strain of dams provided a more suitable environment for the intrauterine incisal growth than those of the other three strains of dams. Thus, it is concluded that the strain effect of dam played an important role in the intrauterine incisal growth of mouse fetuses.
Effects of Computer-Assisted Training of Blending Skills in Kindergartners

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Training prereaders in phonological skills has been shown to facilitate the acquisition of literacy skills. The question was raised whether it would be possible to use computer-based exercises to increase blending skills in Dutch kindergartners who had not yet received reading instruction. A package of experimental computer exercises was used in which word materials, instructions, and comments were provided through high-quality digitized speech. Twenty-five children received specific training in blending separate letter sounds into words during a 12-week period; their classmates (n = 28) received training in vocabulary using the same computers and program; yet another control group (n = 45) from separate classes did not have access to the computer programs. All children appeared to improve in blending skill, more so in classrooms in which teachers regularly provided various activities to promote phonological skills. However, the results also reveal a significant additional effect due to the use of the computer program. Transfer effects of the computer-based exercises to decoding skill were found after a few months of beginning reading instruction.
The genome of Aspergillus niger strain melanoliber

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aspergillus niger strain melanoliber was isolated from the coastal region of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. This strain secretes water-soluble melanin attached to peptides possessing metal-chelation properties. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of Aspergillus niger strain melanoliber. The genome was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq6000 giving a total size of 3.86 Mb.
Which role forMedicago truncatulanon‐specific lipid transfer proteins in rhizobial infection?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are secreted cysteine-rich proteins highly distributed among the plant kingdom, characterized by lipid-binding capacity and possessing antimicrobial activity. Several biological roles have been proposed for LTPs in plants, including response to biotic stress. In Medicago truncatula, the N5 LTP has been proved to be necessary for the establishment of a successful symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti by limiting bacterial spread at the epidermal level and promoting nodule primordia invasion. We identified two novel MtLTPs, named LTP3 and LTP7 highly similar to MtN5 for the amino acid sequence and the cysteine pattern. Their putative promoter regulatory regions contain response elements related to rhizobial symbiosis. We demonstrated that the expression of these LTP genes is induced after infection, particularly in nodule primordia and mature nodules. LTP7-silencing impaired nodule formation: the number of nodules in MtLTP7-silenced roots was reduced by ∼60% as compared with control roots. When roots were inoculated with mycorrhiza, we did not observe any change in LTP3 and LTP7 expression, suggesting that these LTPs specifically respond to the rhizobial symbiont. These data suggest that LTPs might represent a novel group of proteins involved in the regulation of the symbiosis. In this chapter, we propose several hypotheses about the mechanisms of action of these LTPs.