jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kinase activity of SOBIR1 and BAK1 is required for immune signalling

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Leucine‐rich repeat‐receptor‐like proteins (LRR‐RLPs) and LRR‐receptor‐like kinases (LRR‐RLKs) trigger immune signalling to promote plant resistance against pathogens. LRR‐RLPs lack an intracellular kinase domain, and several of these receptors have been shown to constitutively interact with the LRR‐RLK Suppressor of BIR1‐1/EVERSHED (SOBIR1/EVR) to form signalling‐competent receptor complexes. Ligand perception by LRR‐RLPs initiates recruitment of the co‐receptor BRI1‐Associated Kinase 1/Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase 3 (BAK1/SERK3) to the LRR‐RLP/SOBIR1 complex, thereby activating LRR‐RLP‐mediated immunity. We employed phosphorylation analysis of in planta ‐produced proteins, live cell imaging, gene silencing and co‐immunoprecipitation to investigate the roles of SOBIR1 and BAK1 in immune signalling. We show that Arabidopsis thaliana ( At ) SOBIR1, which constitutively activates immune responses when overexpressed in planta , is highly phosphorylated . Moreover, in addition to the kinase activity of SOBIR1 itself, kinase‐active BAK1 is essential for At SOBIR1‐induced constitutive immunity and for the phosphorylation of At SOBIR1. Furthermore, the defence response triggered by the tomato LRR‐RLP Cf‐4 on perception of Avr4 from the extracellular pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum is dependent on kinase‐active BAK1. We argue that, in addition to the trans‐autophosphorylation of SOBIR1, it is likely that SOBIR1 and BAK1 transphosphorylate, and thereby activate the receptor complex. The signalling‐competent cell surface receptor complex subsequently activates downstream cytoplasmic signalling partners to initiate RLP‐mediated immunity.
All Muhammad, All the Time: Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse’s Prophetic Poetics of Praise in Three Treatises and Poems

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary poet and scholar Joshua Bennett recently wrote, “If black studies is indeed the rewriting of knowledge itself, an ongoing critique of so-called Western civilization—as Wynter and Robinson and others remind us—then poetry will be absolutely essential. Like the field of black studies more broadly, the teaching of black poetry is not simply additive nor is it a niche concern. Historically poetry is at the center of black social and intellectual life.” Of no literary or intellectual tradition is this more true than that of the Fayḍa Tijāniyya, inaugurated by the Senegalese Sufi Shaykh and scholar, Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse (d. 1975). Described by its initiates as a “flood” of ma'rifa (divine knowledge) and wilāya (sanctity), the Fayḍa has also produced a veritable outpouring of Sufi literature in Arabic (as well as African and European languages) among its adherents, particularly Arabic poetry in praise of the prophet that both expresses and facilitates access to ma'rifa in a particularly effective manner. Through close readings of three short treatises and poems of Ibrahim Niasse, this paper attempts to outline Niasse’s prophetic poetics of spiritual realization: the closely-linked cosmology, epistemology, and anthropology converging on the Muhammadan Reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-Muḥammadiya) that animates and structures his literary oeuvre and shapes the spiritual, social, and intellectual lives of the members of the Fayḍa Tijāniyya. Building on earlier studies of the Tijānī tradition and Maghrebi/West African Sufism, this article concludes with an examination of the implications of this prophetic poetics for the conception of the “human,” and the intervention literature such as Niasse's has made and can make in contemporary debates surrounding the ethics of knowledge and the re-evaluation of the modern, “Western” category of the “human”.
Advances in research on induction strategies of adult neural stem cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

For decades, researchers have focused on building genetically and phenotypically stable neural stem cell lines designed to restore the irreversible loss of function of nerve tissue to meet clinical needs. Among them, stem cells that maintain their pluripotent state in adults have also become one of the research focuses. With the development of technologies such as induced pluripotent stem cells and direct differentiation of somatic cells into desired cell types, research methods based on the use of allogeneic neural stem cells derived from embryonic or fetal neural tissue have gradually become a thing of the past. This article will review the basic molecular mechanisms surrounding the maintenance of pluripotent states of stem cells and reprogrammed somatic cells, as well as experimental protocols for inducing neural stem cells.

Key words:
Adult stem cells; Pluripotent stem cells; Cell culture techniques; Nervous system
Reinstating Elective Surgeries in MedStar Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections have strained hospital resources worldwide. As a result, many facilities have suspended elective operations and ambulatory procedures. As the incidence of new cases of COVID-19 decreases, hospitals will need policies and algorithms to facilitate safe and orderly return of normal activities. We describe the recommendations of a task force established in a multi-institutional healthcare system for resumption of elective operative and ambulatory procedures applicable to all hospitals and service lines. Methods: MedStar Health created a multidisciplinary task force to develop guidelines for resumption of elective surgeries/procedures. The primary focus areas included the establishment of a governance structure at each healthcare facility, prioritization of elective cases, preoperative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing, and an assessment of the needs and availability of staff, personal protective equipment, and other essential resources. Results: Each hospital president was tasked with establishing a local perioperative leadership team answering directly to them and granted the authority to prioritize elective surgery and ambulatory procedures. An elective surgery algorithm was established using a simplified Medically Necessary Time Sensitive score, with multiple steps requiring a “go/no-go” assessment based on local resources. In addition, mandatory preoperative COVID testing policies were developed and operationalized. Conclusions: Even when the COVID pandemic has passed, hospitals and surgical centers will require COVID screening and testing, case prioritization, and supply chain management to provide care essential to the surgical patient while protecting their safety and that of staff. Our guidelines consider these factors and are applicable to both tertiary academic medical centers and smaller community facilities.
DDX6 modulates P-body and stress granule assembly, composition, and docking

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stress granules and P-bodies are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules that accumulate during the stress response due to the condensation of untranslating mRNPs. Stress granules form in part by intermolecular RNA–RNA interactions and can be limited by components of the RNA chaperone network, which inhibits RNA-driven aggregation. Herein, we demonstrate that the DEAD-box helicase DDX6, a P-body component, can also limit the formation of stress granules, independent of the formation of P-bodies. In an ATPase, RNA-binding dependent manner, DDX6 limits the partitioning of itself and other RNPs into stress granules. When P-bodies are limited, proteins that normally partition between stress granules and P-bodies show increased accumulation within stress granules. Moreover, we show that loss of DDX6, 4E-T, and DCP1A increases P-body docking with stress granules, which depends on CNOT1 and PAT1B. Taken together, these observations identify a new role for DDX6 in limiting stress granules and demonstrate that P-body components can influence stress granule composition and docking with P-bodies.
Planning for co-curricular design-student voice, power dynamics and threshold learning: A thematic analysis of the student perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A reflexive thematic analysis is applied to focus group data to understand how students experienced working in partnership with university staff and clinical professionals to co-design aspects of the curriculum. A qualitative descriptive approach is used to examine power dynamics, hierarchies, and student voice. Four themes are identified: students felt heard, students understood the relevance of and/or translation to professional practice, students described a shift in their perceived role in the project as well as shifts in hierarchical norms, and they reported feeling a sense of confidence. Insights are offered for applying the students-as-partners (SaP) framework to health education programmes. Relevant threshold learning concepts, cultural competency, and recently announced health system priorities in New Zealand are discussed and presented as both relevant and significant considerations. This analysis intends to offer a unique contribution towards health curriculum discussions, a recognised gap within the growing body of SaP literature.
PITTING BEHAVIOUR OF TYPE 316L S.S IN ARABIAN GULF SEAWATER1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An investigation has been canied out to evaluate the pitting corrosion behavior of AISI 316L in Arabian Gulf Seawater. The immersion test and electrochemical techniques were utilized to study the different factors affecting the pitting corrosion. The influence of exposed area on corrosion rate, CR and maximum pit depth, D can be expressed by lhe following equations: D = 0.0082*A(0.512) The maximum pit depth and exposure time also found to obey the following relationship: D = 0.022 *t (0.136) An increase in temperature causes a decrease in pittingpotential, and increase in corrosion rate and pitting tendency. The activation energy of corrosion for 316L stainless steel in Arabian gulf sea water as detennined from Arrhenius plots has been found to be-1324.7 cal/mol in the temperature range of 25oC to 9OoC. The kinetic of passive film formation at corrosion potential of 316L stainless steel is slow, and the slow scan rate lets the film thickening to occur, therefore, the slow scan rate is most suitable to study the localized corrosion usingpotentiodynamic pitting test. The results show that more homogeneous is the surface, higher the pitting potential and lesser the pit depth.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of glycogen synthase kinase encoding genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) under salinity, dehydration, and oxidative stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like Kinase (SK) proteins in plants govern growth, development, and several abiotic and biotic stress responses. GSK3 proteins are cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases that control glycogen metabolism in eukaryotes. However, nothing is known about the discovery and characterization of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). In the present study, eight Setaria italica GSK (SiGSKs) genes were identified and divided into four groups based on their phylogenetic affinities with rice and Arabidopsis. The gene structure and motif organizations were examined to delve deeper into SiGSKs function and its evolution. The SiGSKs encode active protein kinases, according to conserved motif and kinase domain analysis. Many growth hormones and stress-responsive elements were found in the SiGSK promoter regions, which is compatible with their expression in diverse organs and their changed expression in response to abiotic stress such as salt, drought, and oxidative damage. qRT-PCR expression analysis of SiGSKs under three different abiotic stresses suggests its role in signaling and regulating the mechanism under the mentioned abiotic stresses. The current research opens up new opportunities for SiGSK functional validation in S. italica (L.) by genetic engineering.
Report on professional attachment with Singapore Polymer Corporation (Private) Limited.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of my training experience at Singapore Polymer Corporation (Private) Limited (SPC Polymer), a manufacturer of plastic raw materials. This medium-sized company was founded in 1969 and it has two plants in Jurong. Its goal is to satisfy its "internal and external customers with consistent quality products and services through a total committed effort to quality improvements".
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by SARS-CoV-2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ContributionsAll authors contribute equally in this study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Figure 1. Chest Portable X ray shows exaggerated cardiac, right lung base consolidation, segmental atelectasis extending to the right upper lobe and left lower lobe. Peribronchial wall thickening and right Costopherenic angles obliteration (the right pleural effusion).Display full sizeConflict of interestThe authors declare no potential conflict of interest.Ethics approval and consent to participateThe study complied with guidelines for human studies.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from patient. The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of PSMMC.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by SANAD Children’s Cancer Support Association and SANAD Research Grants Program (Grant Number: RGP-2020-01).
Biochemical Findings in Suprarenal Adenoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mml C" 303 said that she had swallowed her dental plate at about 2 p.m. the same day.She could feel it in her throat X-ray pictures were reported by a consultant radiologist " no foreign body is seen."On clinical examination it was obvious that the denture was impacted in the upper oesophagus.At oesophagoscopy at 5 p.m. the dental plate ._
Skeptical arguments in the later Middle Ages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the past decade or so, the Middle Ages have reclaimed their place in the history of skepticism. In a certain sense, the Middle Ages were always part of this history. Rather than providing a comprehensive overview of skeptical arguments in the later Middle Ages, which would in any case be completely impossible, the author's intention in this short contribution is to illustrate how the reception and use of skeptical arguments in late medieval philosophy was driven by important philosophical issues that came to the forefront of debates in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. In the past, it was not uncommon to characterize the philosophical and theological landscape of the 14th century as one in which skepticism became more and more pervasive. Henry's attempt to find a place for divine illumination while also emphasizing people's ability to know all on their own comes at a price.
Laser ablation of skull tissue using transverse excited 9.6-μm CO 2 lasers with pulse durations of 1-100 μs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Craniotomy using a drill and saw frequently results in fragmentation of the skull plate. Lasers have the potential to remove the skull plate intact. TE CO2 lasers operating at the peak absorption wavelength of bone ((lambda) equals 9.6 micrometer) and with pulse durations of 5 - 10 microseconds, approximately the thermal relaxation time in hard tissue, produced high ablation rates and minimal peripheral thermal damage. Both thick (2 mm) and thin (250 micrometer) bovine skull samples were perforated and the ablation rates calculated. Results were compared with Q-switched and free- running Er:YAG lasers ((lambda) equals 2.94 micrometer, (tau) p equals 150 ns and 150 microseconds). The CO2 laser perforated thick sections at ablation rates of 10 - 15 micrometer per pulse and fluences of approximately 6 J/cm2. There was no discernible thermal damage and no need for water irrigation during ablation. Pulse durations >= 20 microseconds resulted in significant tissue charring which increased with the pulse duration. Although the Er:YAG laser produced ablation rates of approximately 100 micrometer per pulse, fluences > 30 J/cm2 were required to perforate thick samples, and thermal damage measured 25 - 40 micrometer. In summary, the novel 5 - 10 microsecond pulse length of the TE CO2 laser is long enough to avoid a marked reduction in the ablation rate due to plasma formation and short enough to avoid peripheral thermal damage through thermal diffusion during the laser pulse. Further studies with the TE CO2 laser are warranted for potential clinical application craniotomy procedures.
Waiving goodbye to youth: Jurors’ perceptions of juveniles transferred to adult courts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Juveniles are often subjected to the same interrogation tactics as adults despite being developmentally more vulnerable. We examined how jurors make decisions in cases where juveniles were interrogated and tried as adults. Participants listened to a mock trial that varied defendant’s age (juvenile, adult), interrogation pressure (low, high), and confession (denial, confession).
The Development of a Spanish Language Instrument to Measure Genetic Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Spanish-language measure of genetic knowledge relevant to type 2 diabetes for use with members of the ethnically heterogeneous U.S. Latino community. Design: Review of the literature and expert content analysis guided initial instrument development. The instrument was pretested in three cognitive interview waves with 36 Latinos representative of Mexican, Central and South American, and Cuban heritage. Interview analysis indicated potential sources of response error and guided an iterative process of instrument refinement. Results: Difficulties associated with item interpretation, grammatical structure, and comprehension were identified. Analysis indicated that revisions improved item quality and enhanced cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the instrument. Conclusions: Field testing suggested initial validity of a Spanish-language instrument to measure genetic knowledge relative to type 2 diabetes. Implications for Practice: A Spanish-language measure of genetic knowledge can guide nursing interventions that support culturally appropriate integration of genetics into health care.
Thiuram Monosulfides as a Neutral Carrier for Copper(II)-Selective Membrane Electrode

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes that are sensitive and selective to copper(II) ion were developed. The electrodes based on tetramethyl, tetraethyl and dipyrrolidine thiuram monosulfides as a neutral carrier, exhibit a Nernstian behavior to copper(II) ion in the activity range of 10−1 M to 10−6 M–10−8 M. Properties of the electrodes are briefly discussed.
Additional file 1: of A Protein Nanopore-Based Approach for Bacteria Sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Contains control experiments performed in the absence and presence of bacteria, added on the trans side, at positively biased membranes, control experiments performed at pHâ =â 4 in the absence of bacteria, at negatively biased membranes, and control experiments performed in the presence of trans-added CMA3 peptides in the absence of bacterial cells, at negative and positive transmembrane potentials held across the nanopore. (DOCX 1419 kb)
[Nasal NK-cell lymphoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on June 1st, 1993, because of nasal obstruction, epistaxis, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Examination disclosed a 2-cm white necrotic mass in the nasal septum, and a biopsy disclosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse, mixed-type. Imprint smears showed cytoplasmic azurophilic granules in the tumor cells. Dense granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy. The tumor cells were CD1-2+3-4-7+8-16+56+57-, and T cell receptor genes were in germline configuration. NK activity against K562 was strongly positive. Based on morphologic, phenotypic, immunogenotypic, and cytotoxic findings, the tumor cells seemed to be derived from activated NK cells. Because the tumor cells were positive for the EB virus and CD21 antigen, EB virus seemed to have infected CD21-positive NK cells and transformed them. MDR P-glycoprotein was also positive. This finding may explain why nasal lymphomas are resistant to chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis.
The Impact of Emergencies, Terrorism, and Disease on Children and Their Families

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emergencies, incidents, disasters, and disease outbreaks (EIDD) affect children, young people, and their families in many ways, including across generations through epigenetic effects. Their mental wellbeing, life, and routines that continue beyond their injury, illness, or adversity can each be affected. Their reactions and responses can be influenced by the nature and extent of their exposure, personal characteristics, pre-existing vulnerabilities and strengths, and in particular by the family and social support that is offered. Almost all adverse childhood experiences are likely to increase in pandemics and following disasters due to natural and human-induced hazards. Psychosocial problems linked with emergencies are likely to emerge over the year following these events. Social connectedness and social scaffolding mitigate adversity, and promote wellbeing and recovery. This emphasises the importance of a co-ordinated and strategically aligned, psychosocially informed, and evidence-based governmental and system-wide response working across boundaries to support children and families in such crises.
Application of machine learning to predict the time evolution of condensate to gas ratio for planning and management of gas-condensate fields

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important parameters for the evaluation, forecast, and management of gas-condensate fields is the evolution of the condensate to gas ratio (CGR) over time. This parameter tends to decrease as reservoir pressure declines. In the conventional approach, gas and condensate samples are collected at the beginning of production and periodically later to conduct laboratory experiments on composition, CGR, and fluid properties. However, sample collection, transportation, and analysis require a lot of time and effort and could be very expensive. Likewise, dynamic models are also frequently used to predict CGR over time. However, these models could include many uncertainties due to ambiguous input data, including reservoir structures, fluid phase interaction, and reservoir property distribution. Therefore, the application of machine learning to predict the time evolution of CGR in this research could be a new and effective approach to supplement conventional methods.