jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bambusa vulgaris as a roof material : A field study about bamboo age, treatment and the possibility to build with bamboo in Ghana

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this report was to investigate bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and to gain a wider knowledge about bamboo as a construction material. A growing problem all over the world is global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Bamboo is a giant grass and can absorb more carbon dioxide in comparison to same-sized trees. The majority of bamboo species growing in Ghana is Bambusa vulgaris. The results are based on six qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted in Ghana and five supplementary interviews by e-mail conversations. The investigation was carried out in Greater Accra region, Ashanti region, and Western region in Ghana. The results of this survey showed that Bambusa vulgaris has the best properties for construction at four years of age and needs treatment to last longer than two years. The interviews also revealed that there is currently no example of a built corrugated bamboo roof in the country, instead traditional bamboo roofs are common in the rural areas. Natural material needs to increase in the urban areas for environmental purposes because cement and metal are standard material in the Greater Accra region. Therefore, roofing with bamboo can be a good idea. If bamboo becomes the main building material, it is possible that bamboo plantation will expand in Ghana and that contributing to overall reduced the CO2 emissions. The conclusion is to build with four year old bamboos and use bamboo instead of wood or traditional bamboo roofs as alternatives to corrugated bamboo roofing sheets in the country.
Induction of diapause in Drosophila melanogaster: photoperiodic regulation and the impact of arrhythmic clock mutations on time measurement.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster displays an ovarian diapause that is regulated by photoperiod. Newly eclosed female flies (Canton-S wild type) exposed to short days (less than 14 hr of light per day) at 12 degrees C (or 10 degrees C) enter a fairly shallow reproductive diapause. Females exposed to long days (16 hr of light per day) at the same low temperature undergo ovarian maturation. The short day induced diapause continues for 6-7 weeks under a 10:14 light/dark cycle at 12 degrees C but is terminated rapidly after a transfer to higher temperature (18 or 25 degrees C) or to long days (18:6 light/dark cycle). Females from three strains homozygous for alleles of the period (per) locus, reportedly arrhythmic for behavioral circadian rhythms, and females that possessed two overlapping deletions of per were also capable of discriminating between long and short days, although, when compared with the wild-type flies, the critical day length was shifted to shorter values by approximately 2 hr. It is concluded that the period locus is not causally involved in photoperiod time measurement.
Evaluation of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Some Imported Faba bean Genotypes (Vicia faba L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to identify the yield related traits and to compare the yield and yield components twelve imported faba bean genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a greenhouse experiment at Shahrekord University.The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation among the genotypes for all of the traits including plant height, dry straw weight, seed number per plant and biological yield.Correlation analysis revealed that there were positive and significant correlation between grain yield and harvest index and biological yield.Stepwise regression analysis indicated number of seeds per plant entered into model and explained about 91% of the total variation.Mean comparisons between genotypes indicated that among the 12 faba bean genotypes, genotype 114870 had the highest mean value for seed yield.
Enterocyte Expression of Interleukin 7 Induces Development of γδ T Cells and Peyer's Patches

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The intestinal mucosa is suggested to support extrathymic T cell development, particularly for T cell receptor (TCR)-γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). TCR-γδ cell development requires interleukin (IL)-7; IL-7−/− or IL-7 receptor−/− mice lack TCR-γδ cells. Using the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) promoter, we reinstated expression of IL-7 to mature enterocytes of IL-7−/− mice (iFABP-IL7). In iFABP-IL7 mice, TCR-γδ IELs were restored, as were cryptopatches and Peyer's patches. TCR-γδ cells remained absent from all other tissues. Likewise, T cell development in thymus and B cell maturation in the bone marrow and spleen retained the IL-7−/− phenotype. Thus, IL-7 expression by enterocytes was sufficient for extrathymic development of TCR-γδ cells in situ within the intestinal epithelium and was crucial for organization of mucosal lymphoid tissue.
[Changes in sphingomyelinase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha level, and lipid peroxidation rate in the course of development of cholestatic liver injury].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Changes in sphingomyelinase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha expression, and lipid peroxidation rate in the course of development of cholestatic liver injury have been studied. The same type phase shifts in the parameters analyzed were observed, which included a marked decrease at the early stages of cholestasis (days 3-6) and a pronounced increase at the later stages (days 12-16), i.e., under the conditions of developed pathology. There is a significant positive linear correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha expression, sphingomyelinase activity, and lipid peroxidation rate during cholestatic injury. The changes detected may reflect balance between the effects of the two major bile components--bilirubin, which is accumulated in the liver at the early stages of cholestasis, and bile acids, whose influence dominates at the later stages of pathologic process. Our results indicate that tumor necrosis factor alpha overexpression, the sphingomyelin cycle activation, and lipid peroxidation intensification may cause apoptosis of hepatocytes at the late stages of cholestasis.
Systematic analysis of Movie Recommendation System through Sentiment Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid Movie Recommendation System using sentiment analysis with opinion mining, is a system that helps the user by giving recommendations about the movies, based on the user preference and ordinal ratings of the movies. It removes the need for the user to go through a big list of movies before deciding what should be watched. The arrangement exploits the consumer attitude and their ideas around the attributes to give recommendations and produce output. The script centred assessments from the consumer are very optimum in enlightening the accurateness and competence of a movie recommendation arrangement. Three methods must be castoff to abstract attributes as of the movies characteristics to be utilized as attributes for collaborative filtering. The essential physical interfaces are dissimilar for all the methods. The dataset that was cast-off for the assessment of attributes with CF included of nominal scores of numerous movies. An intricate technique of collaborative filtering is efficient for the drive of recommendation throughout assessment and to associate performance of the arrangement with the addition of attributes from user assessments and deprived of the attributes from user reviews. This technique performs overall improved methodology, which is merely built on nominal ratings and movie attributes like movie genres.
Climate Policy after 2012

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Discussion over post-2012 climate policy is now entering a crucial phase. Despite the potential great risks of prolonged global warming, the success of an international climate stabilization agreement hinges to a great extent on its economic feasibility. This article makes precise the assumptions that underpin current mainstream estimates of the costs of controlling climate change and provides quantitative estimates of cost differentials under different scenarios. In particular, the article analyses the role of three utmost factors in the economic cost of a climate treaty: energy technology development; the participation rate of developing countries; and the timing of global action. We show that all three factors have a major impact on policy macroeconomic costs. Addressing them effectively is therefore indispensable in ensuring the feasibility of any international agreement to control global warming. Therefore, we propose a series of policy recommendations that can help addressing the issues of technology, timing and participation, and that represent key policy implications for a post-2012 climate policy. (JEL codes: C72, H23, Q25, Q28) Copyright The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Munich. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
No Sex Differences in Substrate Utilization during Exercise in Healthy Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compared with men, women utilize relatively more fat and less endogenous carbohydrate (CHOendo), but preferentially oxidize exogenous CHO (CHOexo) during exercise. As it has been demonstrated that pre- and early-pubertal children do not exhibit sex differences in substrate utilization, the adult phenotype is likely due to sex hormones. Whether sex influences substrate utilization during exercise in adolescents, in whom differences in sex hormones become larger, is unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the influence of sex on endogenous and exogenous substrate utilization in healthy adolescent boys and girls. METHODS: Twenty-three 14-yr-old boys (n=13) and regularly menstruating girls (n=10) participated. Boys were taller (p=0.01) and had significantly less body fat (p=0.006), but both sexes had equal aerobic fitness levels (ml O2/min) expressed relative to fat-free mass (FFM; mean ± SEM; 53.1 ± 1.5 and 51.8 ± 2.0 for boys and girls, respectively). All subjects cycled for 60 min at ∼70% VO2max while intermittently drinking a 13C-enriched 6 % CHOexo (4 % sucrose, 2 % glucose) solution (∼1.5g/kg) in one trial (CT) or flavoured water in another (WT). Both trials were completed by the girls within the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. RER and 13C/12C ratio in expired CO2 were determined during the last 15 min of exercise. RESULTS: RER was lower (p=0.007) during WT (0.95 ± 0.01) than CT (0.97 ± 0.01), with no difference between sexes (p=0.9). CHOexo oxidation rates (in mg/ kgFFM/min) were similar (p=0.72) between boys and girls (9.1 ± 0.5 and 8.8 ± 0.5, respectively), as was the % contribution from CHOexo to total energy yield (18.6 ± 0.8 and 18.6 ± 1.1, respectively; p=0.9) and the oxidation ratio of CHOexo: CHOendo (0.25 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.02, respectively; p=0.61). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that during adolescence, sex is not a major determinant of fuel selection during exercise, at least of relatively high intensity. One implication might be that adolescent boys and girls can equally derive metabolic and performance benefits from consuming CHO during competition.
WRITING SKILL WITH THE ENGLISH SUBTITLE OF THE "FAST AND FURIOUS 9" MOVIE: A CASE OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MA ABADIYAH GABUS-PATI IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on writing skills in narrative text using the "FAST AND FURIOUS 9" movie. In this modern era, educators must have various learning methods so that students can learn comfortably and with fun. Learning through video or movies is considered by the author to be more effective for students. The sample was students of the tenth-grade of MA Abadiyah Gabus-Pati with 26 students. Researchers used experimental research. The instrument of this research is a writing test. Researchers conducted pre-test, treatment and post-test sessions. Data collection was carried out using quantitative methods. Based on data analysis, it showed that the mean of pre-test was 58.5769 while post-test was 69. The T-test showed that sig. (2-tailed) experimental and control groups were 0.000 < 0.05. This means that there are significant differences in student learning outcomes between before and after being treated using the "FAST AND FURIOUS 9" movie. The results of this study indicate that teaching using movies as a medium of learning can improve students' writing skills in narrative texts.
Programs in Law and Social Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

By way of introducing this column, I should like to sketch briefly a picture of the major current programs which have developed under the aegis of the Russell Sage Foundation. These impressions are based on a review of grant applications and annual reports on file with the Russell Sage Foundation, on my own experiences working at Berkeley and at Denver, and on visits by my New York University colleagues to the Sage-sponsored centers at Wisconsin and Northwestern.
First records of ectoparasitic insects (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) of bats in the department of Caldas, Colombia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Colombia, the taxonomical understanding of ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) of bats is scarce, despite the high diversity of hosts. This fact reflects the lack of important information on the group and poses the need for studies that expand the knowledge on bat ectoparasites in different regions of the country. The aim of this study was to contribute pioneer knowledge on bat ectoparasitic insects in the department of Caldas, located in the Central Andes Mountain range of Colombia. We assessed 318 bats from four eco parks in the city of Manizales, and collected 234 ectoparasitic insects. We provide the first report of the family Streblidae for Caldas, with seven genera and eight species: Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976, Anatrichobius scorzai Wenzel, 1966, Exastinion oculatum Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy' 1926), Paratrichobius longicrus Ribeiro, 1907, Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius longipes Rudow, 1871, and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976. In addition, we report the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1931 and Basilia sp. for the family Nycteribiidae.
Signals, and Systems Decay Rates for a Beam with Pointwise Force and Moment Feedback*

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We consider the Rayleigh beam equation and the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation with pointwise feedback shear force and bending moment at the position x in a bounded domain ð0; pÞ with certain boundary conditions. The en-ergy decay rate in both cases is investigated. In the case of the Rayleigh beam, we show that the decay rate is exponential if and only if x=p is a rational number with coprime factorization x=p p=q, where q is odd. Moreover, for any other location of the actuator we give explicit polynomial decay estimates valid for reg-ular initial data. In the case of the Euler–Bernoulli beam, even for a nonhomo-geneous material, exponential decay of the energy is proved, independently of the position of the actuator.
Digital Colonization through Instagram and Effect on Generation Z

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates how Instagram acts as a contemporary tool of digital colonisation, imposing Western-centric aesthetic standards and algorithmic biases that shape the self-representation and cultural visibility of Generation Z users. It builds upon the notion of a shift from colonized to decolonized to digitally recolonized, revealing how platform structures reproduce cultural hegemony. The primary aim is to explore how Generation Z negotiates, adapts to, and resists the influences of Instagram’s visual and algorithmic frameworks. The research examines the interplay of digital colonization, cultural hybridity, and identity formation in visually driven online environments. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study employed survey methods for 300 Gen Z participants. Thematic analysis was conducted to extract patterns related to self-presentation, algorithmic navigation, identity tension, and resistance strategies. Findings reveal a significant algorithmic preference for Western aesthetics, leading 60–70% of users to visually dilute or alter their cultural expressions to increase reach and visibility. Participants reported identity dissonance, emotional strain, and selective code-switching as coping mechanisms. However, cultural hybridity and resistance communities also emerged, demonstrating proactive reclamation of digital spaces. Instagram’s algorithmic design enforces cultural uniformity while simultaneously offering a platform for digital resistance. This tension prompts urgent calls for inclusive digital architecture and cultural literacy. The study urges platform designers and policymakers to address algorithmic bias and support authentic, diverse identity expressions among digital natives.
10.1063/5.0044367.1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A flow simulation was performed for face shields to investigate whether varying a shield's edge shape could prevent droplets from entering the shield. Face shields with two types of edge shapes were used. The “Type I” shield had small plates mounted on the top and bottom edges of the shield to physically inhibit the sneeze inflow. The “Type II” shield had small brims sticking forward from the shield surface and small plates sticking upward and downward at the top and bottom edges to inhibit the entrainment flow produced by the vortex ring using sneeze flow. We confirmed that the flow characteristics around a face shield can be controlled using the shield's edge shape. In Type I, the entraining flow inside the shield was inhibited by the mounted small plate at the bottom edge, ensuring the inhibiting effect, but not at the top edge. In Type II, the entrained flow inside the shield was inhibited by the mounted brim and small plate at the top edge, ensuring the inhibiting effect, but not at the bottom edge. The effects of the Type II design parameters on the flow characteristics around the face shield were examined. The results indicate that at the top edge, increasing the length of the brim and not mounting the small plate at an incline from the shield surface improves the inhibition effect. At the bottom edge, shortening the length of the brim and mounting the small plate at an incline from the shield surface improves the inhibition effect.
Additional file 2 of Program evaluation of a student-led peer support service at a Canadian university

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 2: Figure S1. A-D) Percentage distribution of students’ answers to qualitative prompts asking about their overall experience with PSC, during each year from 2016 – 2018. E-G) Percentage distribution of students’ answers to qualitative prompts asking about their ease of access obtaining a support session and whether they perceive this service as being beneficial to students, during each year from 2018 – 2020. H) Percentage distribution of students’ answers to the qualitative prompts asking whether students would recommend this service to a friend or classmate, during each year from 2016 – 2020.
An Explanation of Inefficient Redistribution: Transfers Insure Cohesive groups

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Redistributive policies often sustain inefficient economic sectors. Economists routinely argue that governments should let the sectors collapse, and compensate the affected agents. We explain why governments may instead prefer the inefficient redistribution. If income shocks in a given sector are more correlated than in the rest of the economy, and redistribution is related to individuals' income, then by sustaining a sector, the government is also providing its agents with insurance. The agents would lose this insurance if they relocate to another sector. Government transfers to sectors with correlated in- comes are therefore worth more than their monetary value. A preliminary analysis of the publicly-available data suggests that indeed agents in sectors that receive transfers are subject to more correlated income shocks. Our results imply that buying out inefficient sectors may not be the second-best policy when agents cannot fully insure themselves (markets are incomplete).
Project management in education [Editorial]

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

PROJECT management is a recurring theme published in EMR because innovations are typically managed as projects and thus, project management competence is essential to the career success of practicing technology managers. A course in project management is fundamental to nearly all engineering management education programs. On-line education and e-learning is growing rapidly and understanding the issues unique to teaching project management in this environment will serve the emerging generation of engineers entering the field as well as those already engaged in the profession.
SH2794073.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
<b>Assessment of Molybdenum, Arsenic, and Selenium Bioaccumulation in Medicinal Plants: Implications for Human Health Across Diverse Agro-Ecological Zones</b>

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study evaluated the concentration, mobility, and plant uptake of three trace elements, Molybdenum (Mo), Arsenic (As), and Selenium (Se) in soils and selected medicinal plants across two locations and eight different sites. Mo concentrations in soil were below the critical threshold (1 mg/kg), but plant Mo levels above safe limits (>6 mg/kg), particularly in Calotropisgigantea and Cannabis sativa, indicating a risk of bioaccumulation. Arsenic levels in soil were safe (<20 mg/kg), but most plants above the WHO’s allowed limit for therapeutic use (1.0 mg/kg), with Menthaspicata and C. sativa having the highest levels. Selenium concentrations in soils and plants ranged within or just over safe levels, with C. gigantea accumulating the most Se. Bio-concentration factors (BCFs) varied greatly, indicating differential absorption capability among species. All soil-to-plant transfer linkages were found to be weak or non-significant using correlation analysis. These findings suggest potential elemental risks associated with medicinal plant consumption and highlight the need for site-specific monitoring and metal management strategies in plant-based therapeutic applications. Keywords: Bioconcentration Factor, Molybdenum, Arsenic, Selenium, Health Hazards