jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast genome sequencing in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) and comparative analysis with other legumes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is a fast-growing, underutilized legume thriving in hot, humid regions. It forms symbiotic associations with a broad-spectrum cowpea rhizobial group, making it ideal for crop rotation or intercropping systems. Winged bean seeds are rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, fat, and carbohydrates, highlighting its potential as a valuable agricultural crop. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of the winged bean chloroplast using high-coverage short-read sequencing on the Illumina platform, generating over 1 billion paired-end raw reads. We utilized the GetOrganelle toolkit to assemble the chloroplast genome comprising 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNA genes. We also identified 84 perfect SSRs, two compound SSRs, and 15 VNTRs. Our analysis revealed the typical quadripartite structure of the chloroplast genome, along with insights into its functional classification and phylogenetic relationships with other legumes. Additionally, we identified possible genomic rearrangements through synteny analysis. Characterizing the winged bean chloroplast genome provides crucial resources for research and crop improvement. Comparative genomics of the chloroplast offers significant insights into the evolutionary and molecular biology of legumes.
A knowledge-based environment for assessment of color similarity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A discussion is given on a knowledge-based approach to the representation and implementation of the similarity evaluation of colors; all the aspects involved in color description and the relationships between color descriptions and similarity judgments may be explicitly represented in a quantitative, rigorous and reliable way. The authors choose CIELUV, which provides a flexible and powerful numerical description of color appearance, as the color description space and fuzzy logic as the knowledge representation language for modelling human judgments in the universe of discourse of CIELUV measures. An explanatory example of color image retrieval based on similarity measure is provided to aid the presentation of tools and strategies of the knowledge-based environment.< >
P53 mutation and differential response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with locally advanced breast cancer: Results from the I-SPY trial (CALGB 150007/1500012 and ACRIN 6657)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

11099 Background: Independent of other factors, p53 status may influence sensitivity to anthracycline (A)- and taxane (T)-based chemotherapy. We investigated p53 as a predictive marker of differential neoadjuvant chemoresponse by examining change in MRI longest diameter (LD) during sequential A- then T-based chemotherapy in a prospective clinical trial. Methods: 171 patients (pts) with newly diagnosed locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant A- then T-based chemotherapy. LD were obtained pretherapy, between regimens, and posttherapy but prior to surgery. P53 mutation analysis was performed on pretherapy tissue using gene chip technology, SSCP, and sequencing. Subtypes were by IHC: LumA (ER/PR+/HER2-), LumB (ER/PR+/HER2+), Basal (triple negative), HER2 (HER2+/ER/PR-). Results: 99 pts had p53 mutant (M) tumors and 72 were wildtype (WT). M and WT did not differ by age, menopausal status, or HER2. M were significantly more common among basal (71%) and HER2 (59%) than Lum A (24%). Anthracycline response did not differ between WT and M within subtypes. Within HER2, Basal, and LumB, WT had higher taxane- and overall responses than M; within LumB these were statistically significant (p=0.03 and 0.05 respectively). Conclusions: P53 mutation status may affect chemosensitivity even within hormone receptor/HER2 subsets. In this dataset response to anthracycline appeared independent of p53 status within subtypes, while WT tumors responded better to taxanes and overall in LumB, with a similar trend among basal and HER2. Mutational subset and correlative analyses with gene expression, molecular subtyping, and IHC data are ongoing and will be presented. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
[Laparoschisis and atresia of the small intestine. Treatment strategy. Apropos of a personal case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of gastroschisis and double small bowel atresia is reported. Primary surgical treatment consisted in jejunostomy located at 28 cm from the ligament of Treits, reinstatement of excluded bowel loops encased in a thick matrix of fibrinous material, and abdominal wall closure. Seven weeks later, the lower part of small bowel was anastomosed to the medium part. Because of uneven bowel caliber, an ileostomy was associated to parenteral nutrition using permanent instillation of secretions recovered from ileostomy was associated to parenteral nutrition. At 4 1/2 month, small bowel continuity was restored with jejunal modeling. Authors stress the necessity to preserve as far as possible, intestinal segments in such a case and emphasize the advantage of the digestive instillation method in order to recover the function excluded intestinal segments.
Spare Parts and Design Protection – Different Approaches to a Common Problem. Recent Developments from the EU and US Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The market for auto spare parts is of major significance to the national economies of countries with automotive industries. Because original manufacturers (OEMs) hold design protection over spare parts, they tend to monopolize the spare parts aftermarket to the exclusion of third-party producers of replica parts. Spare parts producers argue for liberalization of the market. Governments in spare-part producing countries have been open to this approach, whereas most countries with strong automotive industries have so far rejected it. However, at least on the EU front, the legal debate on whether and how to effect this liberalization, which has been ongoing for almost two decades, is getting closer to a resolution. The German legislator will soon insert a repair clause into the national DesignG on the basis of Art. 14 Design Directive. The new Sec. 40a DesignG will come into force within the first half of 2020 and will be applicable only to designs registered from that point on. The scope of the clause will be limited to form-dependent (i.e. especially must match) parts. This article compares the evolution of the EU position regarding spare parts, including the German draft, and the criticism it received among scholars, to the evolution of the spare parts situation in the US.
<p><strong>Effects of temperature on development and reproduction of <em>Neoseiulus bicaudus</em> (Phytoseiidae) feeding on <em>Tetranychus turkestani</em> (Tetranychidae)</strong></p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neoseiulus bicaudus (Wainstein), a species of Neoseiulus Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae), was collected at Ili in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China in July 2013. As Neoseiulus species are valuable predator mites, N. bicaudus could be used for biocontrol of some small pests like spider mites, whitefly, and thrips. Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov et Nikolskii) is the main spider mite affecting agriculture and forestry in Xinjiang. The development rate and reproductive biology of N. bicaudus feeding on T. turkestani were studied at six constant temperatures: 18 ºC, 22 ºC, 26 ºC, 29 ºC, 32 ºC, and 35 ºC. The duration of the egg, larva, protonymph, total immature, and pre-oviposition stages all decreased as temperatures increased from 18 ºC to 32 ºC and then increased slightly as temperatures increased from 32 ºC to 35 ºC. The mean generation time (6.95 days) and the shortest time for the population to double (1.70 days) were observed at 35 ºC. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) both were larger as temperature increased, reaching their maxima at 35 ºC. The net reproductive rate (R0 = 34.60) also reached a maximum at 26 ºC. The maximum daily fecundity (2.55 eggs/day/female) and the maximum daily female fecundity (1.69female eggs/day/female) were both observed at 26 ºC. The results showed that N. bicaudus could complete its development at the six temperatures used in this study. Both the developmental duration as well as the time needed for the population to double decreased as temperature increased. As temperature increased, the duration of the oviposition period first increased and then decreased. The optimal development and reproduction temperature of N. bicaudus preying on T. turkestani is approximately 26 ºC.
THE MCCORMICK SPICE WHEEL: A SYSTEMATIC AND VISUAL APPROACH TO SENSORY LEXICON DEVELOPMENT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Sensory wheels provide standardized vocabularies for product categories and thus enable better communication among sensory scientists, product developers and their business partners. Recently, increased interest in spices prompted the development of an updated dried spice and herb aroma wheel, the original of which was created at McCormick and Company, Inc. (McCormick) during the mid‐1990s. The new version of the McCormick Spice Wheel (MSW) was generated from lexicons developed at McCormick, a sample of which were validated to still be appropriate through cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlations. The final spice ‐ wheel was validated by a team of sensory scientists ( n = 5) including panel leaders ( n = 3) and a group of trained descriptive panelists ( n = 9). The final MSW has 17 categories and 56 attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Lexicons allow sensory scientists to evaluate a product or product category with an organized, established vocabulary. Wheels are visual representations of these lexicons and offer a standardized vocabulary for sensory scientists and their business associates, particularly those in product development. Wheels can be useful in teaching descriptive panelists which attributes are related to each other. This can be useful in panel discussions in which there is dissension about the definition of a particular attribute. If panelists understand that two or more attributes are related in a wider perspective, then consensus flows more naturally. Additionally, wheels are helpful in business presentations in which sensory scientists must explain a conceptual sensory space or during benchtop evaluations in which sensory scientists must assist product developers in understanding the sensory properties of a food product.
Constructing intersectoral innovation diffusion networks with input-output: how to get relative flows? An illustrative application to six OECD technological systems for the middle '90s

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper aims at addressing some methodological issues in applying Social Network Analysis indicators to the investigation of nation-wide intersectoral innovation ows matrices. The majority of SNA techniques require dichotomization of the original matrices and suitable relativization procedures, in order to avoid size-biases. The relativization procedures used so far suffer from some limitations, as they either alter the meaning of SNA indicators or do not take into account the composition of countries' final demand. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose two new different methods and compare them with the existing ones on the basis of their rationale. Rather than with respect to a single cut-off, the comparison is carried out by working out SNA indicators distributions. An illustrative application is carried out by comparing the technological systems of six structurally different OECD countries in the mid-'90s. In so doing, the robustness of their conventional innovation ranking is tested and discussed.
Implementing a Bayes Filter in a Neural Circuit: The Case of Unknown Stimulus Dynamics

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In order to interact intelligently with objects in the world, animals must first transform neural population responses into estimates of the dynamic, unknown stimuli which caused them. The Bayesian solution to this problem is known as a Bayes filter, which applies Bayes' rule to combine population responses with the predictions of an internal model. In this paper we present a method for learning to approximate a Bayes filter when the stimulus dynamics are unknown. To do this we use the inferential properties of probabilistic population codes to compute Bayes' rule, and train a neural network to compute approximate predictions by the method of maximum likelihood. In particular, we perform stochastic gradient descent on the negative log-likelihood with a novel approximation of the gradient. We demonstrate our methods on a finite-state, a linear, and a nonlinear filtering problem, and show how the hidden layer of the neural network develops tuning curves which are consistent with findings in experimental neuroscience.
Pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is capable of establishing persistent or latent infection after primary infections and reactivation in immunocompromised hosts. The understanding of the nature of this latency is incomplete. The acquisition of CMV-specific immune responses appears essential for limiting primary infection and maintenance of a clinical state of latency. Host immunity induced by CMV infection includes both cellular and humoral responses. Cell-mediated responses by both CD4+ (T helper) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are detected in CMV-seropositive individuals. Studies in animal models and in immunocompromised patients have implicated deficiencies in class I MHC-restricted, CD8+CMV-specific CTL responses in the progression of experimental and human CMV infection and pneumonia. Adoptive transfer of CD8+CMV-specific CTLs in immunodeficient marrow transplant recipients provides evidence that adoptive immunotherapy with T-cell clones of defined specificity and function can be used to safely and successfully restore immunity to a human pathogen.
Contingent value of director identification: The role of government directors in monitoring and resource provision in an emerging economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Research summary: Although previous studies have explored the value of government directors, less attention has been directed at the antecedents of government directors' engagement in value‐adding activities, such as managerial monitoring and resource provision. Drawing on social identity theory, we offer a novel model that specifies how a government director's dual identifications with the focal firm, and with the government individually and interactively affect his or her governance behavior. An investigation of government directors in China shows that their identification with the focal firm enhances monitoring and resource provision, while their identification with the government affects monitoring and resource provision differently. depending on the dominance of state ownership. The synergistic/substitutable effects between the two types of identification are contingent on state ownership and governance roles. Managerial summary: This study examines how a government director's dual identities—as a government official and as a board member of a focal firm affect his or her engagement in managerial monitoring and resource provision. Using data of Chinese listed firms, we find that government directors who strongly identify with the focal firm or with the government are highly motivated to fulfill their fiduciary obligations. However, the positive effects of their identification with the government differ between state‐owned enterprises ( SOEs ) and non‐ SOEs . The combination of the two identifications offers a further boost to monitoring in non‐ SOEs , and to resource provision in both SOEs and non‐ SOEs , but it acts as a disincentive to monitoring in SOEs . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reply on RC1

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The detection and attribution (D&A) of paleoclimatic change to external radiative forcing relies on regression of statistical reconstructions on simulations. However, this procedure may be biased by assumptions of stationarity and univariate linear response of the underlying paleoclimatic observations. Here we perform a D&A study via regression of tree ring width (TRW) observations on TRW simulations which are forward modeled from climate simulations. Temperature and moisture-sensitive TRW simulations show distinct patterns in time and space. Temperature-sensitive TRW observations and simulations are significantly correlated for northern hemisphere averages, and their variation is attributed most closely to volcanically forced simulations. In decadally smoothed temporal fingerprints, we find the observed responses to be significantly larger and/or more persistent than the simulated responses. The pattern of simulated TRW of moisture-limited trees is consistent with the observed anomalies in the two years following major volcanic eruptions. We can for the first time attribute this spatiotemporal fingerprint in moisture limited tree-ring records to volcanic forcing. These results suggest that use of nonlinear and multivariate proxy system models in paleoclimatic detection and attribution studies may permit more realistic, spatially resolved and multivariate fingerprint detection studies, and evaluation of the climate sensitivity to external radiative forcing, than has previously been possible.
Improvements in HRTF dataset of 3D game audio application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

OpenAL-Soft is a 3D audio application programming interface (API), which can be used to render the 3D virtual soundscape through sound signal processing based on the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). However, the performance is still unsatisfied because of the oversimplified HRTF dataset that is left-right symmetrical and incomplete in spatial sampling. In order to improve the 3D sound reproduction performance of game audio, in current work, the left-right asymmetric HRTFs with full space sampling are adopted. Simulated results show that the more accurate magnitude spectra can be rendered by the improved HRTF dataset. The enlarged HRTF dataset could increase the memory footprint, but computation expense varies little.
Corticosteroid Treatment in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives : The role of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 is controversial. In this paper, we intend to study the application value of corticosteroid in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods : We collected data from 120 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Wuhan Union Hospital. In the first part of this study, the outcome of patients given corticosteroids was compared with that of patients not given corticosteroids. The second part of the study was a matched (1:1) case–control study. After matching the baseline characteristics between the two groups, the effect of corticosteroid use on the outcome was analyzed again. Results : Analysis of data without adjusting differences in baseline characteristics indicated that the proportion of mechanical ventilation and the mortality was higher in the corticosteroid treatment group in severely ill patients. The length of hospitalization and viral shedding have no significant difference between the two groups. After adjusting the difference between the corticosteroid and non-corticosteroid treatment group, analysis revealed that the use of corticosteroids had no effect on the outcome. Conclusions : Among the critically ill patients, the use of corticosteroids has no effect on length of hospitalization, viral shedding or mortality rates.
Bioluminescence Inhibition Assay for the Detection of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are an important class of contaminants that mainly originate from polychlorinated biphenyl metabolism. They may conceivably be as dangerous and persistent as the parent compounds; most prominently, OH-PCBs are endocrine disruptors. Due to increasing evidence of the presence of OH-PCBs in the environment and in living organisms, including humans, and of their toxicity, methods of detection for OH-PCBs are needed in the environmental and medical fields. Herein, we describe the development and optimization of a protein-based inhibition assay for the quantification of OH-PCBs. Specifically, the photoprotein aequorin was utilized for the detection of OH-PCBs. We hypothesized that OH-PCBs interact with aequorin, and we established that OH-PCBs actually inhibit the bioluminescence of aequorin in a dose-dependent manner. We took advantage of this phenomenon to develop an assay that is capable of detecting a wide variety of OH-PCBs with a range of detection limits, the best detection limit being 11 nM for the compound 2-hydroxy-2',3,4',5',6-pentachorobiphenyl. The viability of this system for the screening of OH-PCBs in spiked biological and environmental samples was also established. We envision the implementation of this novel bioluminescence inhibition assay as a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method for monitoring OH-PCBs. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time aequorin has been employed to detect an analyte by the inhibition of its bioluminescence reaction. Hence, this strategy may prove to be a general approach for the development of a new generation of protein-based inhibition assays.
Female Adult Acne and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In endocrine and reproductive endocrine literature, adult female acne is considered as a possible clinical expression of hyperandrogenism, with most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines considering acne as a condition of androgen excess. Adult female acne, however, in the dermatological literature is considered as an inflammatory skin disease and new guidelines on adult female acne have been produced by dermatological societies, with little perspective from any endocrine or reproductive endocrine points of view. An expert task force was appointed by the AE-PCOS society to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations that could be valid for all specialists taking care of female adult acne. The following are the recommendations (level of evidence A or B): (1) diagnosis of female adult acne is mainly clinical, but a grading tool is needed for optimizing the treatment; (2) measurement of serum androgen values (total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) by high-quality assays is recommended in all women with adult acne; (3) in women with adult acne and proven hyperandrogenism, oral combined estroprogestins should be added to the topical or systemic treatment of acne, independently of severity of acne; (4) all second- and third-generation estroprogestins may be used, independently of the estrogen dose and progestin component; (5) spironolactone may be added to estroprogestins in women with moderate or severe hyperandrogenic adult acne, not responding to usual treatments; (6) estroprogestins may be used in nonhyperandrogenic patients with adult acne as second-line therapy.