jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract C076: Bacterial dysbiosis and its association with pancreatic cancer progression and poor survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Bacterial dysbiosis is emerging as an accomplice to carcinogenesis and is associated with pancreatic cancer progression and poorer survival. We found that gut bacteria can directly access the pancreas, and pancreatic tumors harbor a unique microbiome that differs from that of the healthy pancreas. We have also found that the tumor-associated microbiome regulates pancreatic cancer progression by skewing tumor-infiltrating immune cells towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. However, the exact mechanisms via which bacteria regulate immune cell function is still unknown. Inflammatory signaling by cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to effectively regulate immune cell infiltration and differentiation. Our data suggests that pathogenic bacteria in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment can directly engage with pancreatic epithelial cells inducing proliferation and an inflammatory response. Specifically, the dominant Proteobacteria in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment induces the production of many pro-tumorigenic cytokines, such as IL-8 and IL-6, from cancer cells and pancreatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, we have found that pancreatic tumor- associated bacteria skews fibroblast differentiation towards an inflammatory, tumor-promoting phenotype. These findings show that pathogenetic tumor-associated bacteria can modulate the epithelial and stromal compartments in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, thereby serving as mediators of tumorigenesis. Our results delineate the mechanisms via which microbes interface with the non-immune cell compartment in the tumor microenvironment and provide insight into therapeutic strategies for gut microbial modulation in treating pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Holly B. Attebury. Bacterial dysbiosis and its association with pancreatic cancer progression and poor survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C076.
Nurturing connections in the aftermath of childhood trauma: A randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused couple therapy for female survivors of childhood abuse.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) for couples is an empirically supported treatment for relationship distress (Johnson and Greenberg Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1985a;53:175–184; Johnson, The practice of emotionally focused marital therapy: Creating connection. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2004). Despite strong evidence of a link between experiences of childhood abuse and problems in intimate relationships during adulthood (Paradis and Boucher, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 2010;19:138–158; Walker et al., Journal of Family Violence 2009; 24:397–406), there have not yet been any controlled trials of the efficacy of EFT for adult survivors of childhood abuse. In light of evidence of the effectiveness of individual EFT in the treatment of the sequelae of complex trauma (Paivio and Pascual-Leone, Emotion-focused therapy for complex trauma: An integrative approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2010), we conducted the first randomized controlled trial of EFT for couples in which the female partner had a history of intrafamilial childhood abuse. Our primary hypothesis was that couples treated with EFT would experience a significant reduction in relationship distress. To test this hypothesis, 24 couples in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (mean relationship length 14 years), were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (24 sessions of EFT) or a control group (waiting list). Analyses of covariance with treatment condition as the fixed factor and baseline scores on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, Journal of Marriage and the Family 1976;38:15–28) as the covariate yielded a statistically significant effect of treatment group on relationship distress. Hierarchical regression analyses unveiled the particular circumstances under which EFT appeared to be effective. These results attest to the effectiveness of EFT for relational distress in trauma survivors and are discussed in light of the relevant clinical literature.
Effect of temperature on incorporation of l-lysine-U-C14 into testicular proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The incorporation of l-lysine-U-C 14 into proteins of slices of rat testis, liver, kidney, and spleen has been investigated following a 1-hr incubation period at temperatures of 20, 26, 32, 37.5, and 44 C. In the testis, maximal incorporation of labeled lysine into protein occurred at 32 C, whereas in the liver, kidney, and spleen the maximal incorporation of isotope into protein occurred at 37.5 C. The data obtained indicate that the enzymatic systems involved in the incorporation of labeled lysine into proteins of the rat testis are more heat labile than those of rat liver, kidney, and spleen. It is suggested that the increased heat lability of the protein-synthesizing systems of the testis may offer a partial explanation for the deleterious effects of temperature on spermatogenesis occurring in cases of cryptorchism.
Application of Lead Acetate Additive for Printable Perovskite Solar Cell

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Printable perovskite solar cells employ a device structure for which the organic-inorganic perovskite absorber is hosted by an inorganic mesoporous scaffold.Its advantages include simple fabrication process, low material cost and relatively high stability.However, it is challenging to homogeneously deposit high-quality perovskite crystals on the mesoporous scaffold.Herein, by incorporating lead acetate (Pb(Ac) 2 ) in the typical perovskite precursor, methylamine lead iodine (MAPbI 3 ), the crystal growth and pore-filling of the perovskite crystals in the mesoporous scaffold is improved by facilitating the crystal nucleation.Meanwhile, Ac -and MA + form MAAc which releases during thermal annealing process, resulting in excess PbI 2 in the perovskite layer which passivates the grain boundaries.By incorporating 1% molar ratio of Pb(Ac) 2 in the perovskite precursor, a power conversion efficiency of 15.42% is obtained for printable perovskite solar cells.This indicates that it is feasible to enhance the performance of printable perovskite solar cells by employing additives to tune the crystallization of the perovskite absorbers.
One of the Two is Always Lacking. Notes on Artwriting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term ‘artwriting’ – coined in the late eighties by David Carrier to refer to a specific kind of philosophically-informed art criticism – has recently enjoyed a revival of sorts. However, its original usage seems to have been largely neglected, adopting in its new incarnation a meaning that manages to be simultaneously more restrictive and imprecise. In this way, for example, the recently established MA in Artwriting at Goldsmiths College takes artwriting to refer to ‘work that addresses art as writing, writing as art, and writing about art’. I consider this characterisation of artwriting in the light of the wider prominence of what I call ‘theory in general’. It will be argued that despite the (frequent but largely fruitless) attempts to differentiate artwriting from literary, critical or theoretical writing, it is from its affinity to such theory that artwriting makes its claim on a post-Romantic and post-conceptual contemporary art.
Re-engineering transition layers in AlGaN/GaN HEMT on Si for high voltage applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report on the study of step-graded AlGaN transition layers (TLs) in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown GaN HEMT-on-silicon toward improving the breakdown field while minimizing buffer-induced current dispersion. The transition layers include three AlGaN epi-layers of 75%, 50%, and 25% Al-content, downgraded from bottom to top. The growth temperature and carbon doping are varied independently to assess the transition layer's role in reducing current collapse and leakage current. We observe that the introduction of High Temperature (HT) AlGaN increases the lateral but decreases the vertical leakage, the latter being attributed to the reduction of V-pit density. Temperature-dependent data indicate that the increased lateral (mesa) leakage current in HT AlGaN layers is due to space charge limited current, the activation energy of which yields the positions of the defect states within the bandgap. The increase in mesa leakage current in HT AlGaN layers is attributed to the formation of point defects such as oxygen in nitrogen site (ON) and VGa–ON complexes. The introduction of C-doping in the top AlGaN transition layer with 25% Al-content helps reduce lateral leakage in both mesa and 3-terminal configurations. The combination of HT AlGaN (75% Al-content) with C-doped AlGaN (25% Al-content) is found to be the optimal TL design that yielded a minimum buffer-induced current dispersion with a 65% channel recovery when the substrate was swept to −300 V and back; moreover, it also enabled a vertical breakdown field of 2.05 MV/cm defined at 1 A/cm2 for a buffer thickness of 1.65 μm.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Heart Allograft Myocardium (1991-1998).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

What is a contribution of the humoral (vascular) and mixed type of the rejection episodes to all the episodes of heart allograft rejection is not quite clear, though this factor is of considerable importance for the choice of the treatment methods. The hearts from recipients, as well as endomyocardial biopsies of the heart allografts and postmortem material were investigated with the aim to determine the immunopathological process. Overall, 420 samples from 80 patients were analyzed. Immunofluorescence examination of endomyocardial biopsy showed that in 8 from 44 patients with heart allograft in postoperative period for the first six weeks there were revealed the immunomorphological signs of the acute humoral rejection, manifested as fixation of immunoglobulins and complement in capillaries. Six of them exhibited rejection of mixed type. Most patients in the later postoperative period exhibited a discrete local fixation of immunoglobulins and complement in myocardium, that can be assessed as one of the compartments of the chronic rejection process. In cases of the secondary administration of serum preparations, the fixation of immune complexes was shown in sarcolemma and capillaries, and can be proposed as a sign of serum disease. Repeated acute rejection episodes of humoral or mixed types raised at the first six weeks after transplantation. In the period from 1-5 years after operation, patients displayed discrete deposits of the immunoglobulins and complement as part of the chronic rejection process.
Body fat mobilization during lactation in high-producing sows fed varied omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of reducing dietary omega (n)-6 to n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios on body fat mobilization in lactating sows (n = 100) were investigated. Treatments consisted of a control (tallow, low polyunsaturated FA, 8:1 n-6:n-3 ratio), 3 diets with plant oil based ratios (9:1P, 5:1P, and 1:1P), and a 5:1 fish oil diet (5:1F). An epinephrine [1.6 μg kg −1 body weight (BW)] challenge was used to measure adipose tissue lipolytic activity (glycerol, NEFA, and leptin) on d 5 of lactation from a subset of sows (9:1P and 1:1P groups) fitted with jugular catheters. Lactation feed intake was greatest for control and 5:1P-fed sows (8.3 kg d −1 ), lowest for 1:1P-fed sows (7.4 kg d −1 ), and intermediate for 9:1P- and 5:1F-fed sows (7.7 kg d −1 ; P = 0.047). Piglet average daily gain (ADG) and estimated milk output were unaffected by diet (P > 0.10). The 1:1P-fed sows had (P < 0.10) greater backfat thickness, increased circulating leptin, and reduced feed intake, which are correlated (P < 0.10) with increased circulating glycerol and NEFA. Sows fed a plant oil based 1:1 n-6:n-3 FA ratio appeared to be in a state of negative energy balance; however, as no effects were observed on piglet ADG, these sows were able to provide the same level of nutrients to their offspring as the 9:1P fed sows.
Influence of Urea Alone or Combined with Fish Meal and Solubles in Liquid Supplements on Performance of Grazing Cow-Calf Pairs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

© 2000 American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists. Experiments were conducted for 84 d, beginning on July 1, with cow-calf pairs grazing summer grass to determine the effects of feeding molasses containing urea or urea, fish solubles, and fish meal on BW gains, milk production, and blood metabolites. The four treatments based on a 16% CP urea-molasses mixture were no supplement, 97.8% base mixture plus 2.2% urea for cows and calves, 80% base mixture plus 10% fish solubles and 10% fish meal for cows and calves, and the supplement with fish solubles and fish meal as a creep feed for calves. The mixture contained 23% CP as fed. In Exp. 1, 60 crossbred cows with Angus-sired calves were allotted according to sex and birth date to 12, 2-ha pastures. Three pastures each with five cow-calf pairs were assigned to each treatment. In Exp. 2, 48 Hereford X Brahman F1 cows with Angus- or Belgian Blue-sired calves were allotted as in Exp. 1 to 24, 1-ha Alicia bermudagrass pastures. Three pastures with two cow-calf pairs were assigned to each treatment for each sire breed of calf. Cows were machine-milked, and jugular blood samples were collected initially and on d 28 and 56. Cows and calves were weighed, and cows were condition-scored after a 16-shrink at the beginning and end of both experiments. Both supplements were consumed at similar levels (1.75 kg/d) by cow-calf pairs in both experiments. Cows in Exp. 1 and calves in both experiments gained more (P<0.05) BW when cow-calf pairs had access to the supplement containing fish solubles and fish meal. Milk yield was numerically higher on d 28 (P<0.18) and d 56 (P<0.11) when cows received fish solubles and fish meal in the supplement. The decline in milk yield from initial milking tended to be less (P<0.10) on d 28 and was less (P<0.05) on d 56 when cows received this supplement. Plasma ammonia N concentrations were higher (P<0.05) when cows were fed supplement containing only urea, and both supplements increased (P<0.05) plasma urea N when compared with no supplement. Supplements containing molasses, urea, fish solubles, and fish meal appear beneficial for cow-calf pairs grazing summer forage.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Energy Applications of 2D MXenes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract MXenes as a new category of 2D materials have caused a particularly large impact in numerous fields of scientific research and technical applications in recent years. Their open 2D structure and excellent electronic conductivity provide many electrochemically active sites and rapid electron‐transfer paths for reversible Faradic reaction and then render them promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. They offer outstanding volumetric capacitance in supercapacitors and excellent rate capability in rechargeable batteries. Numerous efforts have been made in the past several years. However, research on MXenes has just begun. This review aims to offer useful guidance for the synthesis of high‐quality MXene materials and promote their practical energy applications in supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, and beyond lithium‐ion batteries. A brief discussion of the challenges and opportunities for future research on MXenes is finally presented.
Hyperplastic Lesions of Sprague-Dawley RatMammary Glands After X Irradiation<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study reports that X irradiation, which produced mammary tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats, also produced hyperplastic lesions of the mammary gland. These lesions were similar morphologically to the preneoplastic lesions of the mouse mammary gland and were more numerous in X-irradiated rats than in animals of comparable age that were not exposed to irradiation. The lesions were more frequent as the time after irradiation increased in both irradiated and nonirradiated rats; however, the rate of increase was greater in the irradiated animals. The hyperplastic lesions induced in the rat mammary glands were not shown to be preneoplastic. However, the greater number of lesions encountered under conditions which increased the incidence of tumors is suggestive information.
Understanding the structure-property relationships of amino acids-the molecular building blocks of life

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Amino acids are significant molecular building blocks of proteins, whose structures only differ in their side chain 'R-' groups. This thesis revealed the significant electronic structures, properties and dynamics of the amino acids under isolated and defined environmental conditions. The state-of-the-art theoretical approaches, in collaboration with experiments, are employed. The results presented are useful for a more systematic understanding of the impacts of inter- and intra-molecular interactions on the structure-functionalities of the amino acids. Such details are fundamentally important for the design and development of novel molecular entities in different areas of science, from medicinal sciences to material sciences.
An Ontology-Based Model for Representing Image Processing Objectives

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates what kinds of information are necessary and sufficient to design and evaluate image processing software programs and proposes a representation of these information elements using a computational language performable by vision systems and understandable by experts. The language is built upon a formulation model which distinguishes the specification of a goal and the definition of an input image class. Goals are stated in terms of tasks together with result samples. Image classes are defined by both linguistic and iconic descriptions. The model is implemented as an OWL domain ontology which provides the primitives for the formulation language.
Herbal Extracts as a NF-kappaB Inhibitor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nucler factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) 프로모터는 염증성 질환을 유도하는 호염증성 시토카인의 발현에 중요한 역할을 수행하는 전사인자 중의 하나이다. 본 실험에서는 200 여종의 식물추출물들로부터 항염효능이 있는 추출물을 선발하기 위해 NF-kappaB 리포터 실험을 수행하였다. NF-kappaB 리포터 실험결과, 12종의 식물추출물, 즉 개나리, 고추잎, 박하, 뱀딸기, 뽕나무, 삼백초, 솔잎, 양애줄기, 약쑥, 어성초, 왕벚꽃가지, 조릿대 등이 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)에 의해 유도된 NF-kappaB 프로모터 활성을 농도의존적으로 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 이들 12종의 식물추출물이 호염증성 시토카인 발현에도 동일한 효과를 나타내는지 알아보기 위해 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)와 인터루킨-8에 대한 ELISA실험을 실시하였다. ELISA실험 결과, NF-kappaB 리포터 실험결과와 동일하게, TNF-alpha와 인터루킨-8 생산이 12종 식물추출물 모두에서 감소됨을 관찰하였다. 이러한 실험결과는, 12종의 식물 추출물에서 보여지는 호염증성 시토카인 억제효과가 NF-kappaB 프로모터 활성억제를 통해 이루어지고 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 이들 12종 식물은 diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay를 통해 살펴본 결과 높은 항산화 활성도 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 12종의 식물 추출물은 염증성 피부질환 전용 화장품 제형에서 항염 및 자극완화 소재로 응용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 【Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a critical transcription factor for maximal expression of many of the cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found that 12 plant extracts among 200 plants, namely, Forsythia koreana, Capsicum annuum L, Mentha arvenis, Duchesnea chrysantha, Morus alba, Saururus Chinenis (Lour) Baill, Pine needle, Zingiber mioga (Thunb.), Roscoe, Houttuynia, Prunus yedoenis, Sasa quelpaertenis, significantly inhibited LPS- induced NF-kappaB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, 12 plant extracts were found to have antioxidant activities in DPPH assay Therefore, we have attempted to determine whether 12 herbal extracts could inhibit the expression of cytokines possessing NF-kappaB promoter in their promoter regions. Consistently 12 herbal extracts inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF alpha and interleukin-8 (IL-8). These results show that 12 herbal extracts suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, we suggest that 12 herbal extracts can be used as a anti-inflammatory and soothing agent.】
Predictive Choropleth Maps Using ARIMA Time Series Forecasting for Crime Rates in Visegrád Group Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geographical mapping has revolutionized data analysis with the help of analytical tools in the fields of social and economic studies, whereby representing statistical research variables of interest as geographic characteristics presents visual insights. This study employed the QGIS mapping tool to create predicted choropleth maps of Visegrád Group countries based on crime rate. The forecast of the crime rate was generated by time series analysis using the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving averages) model in SPSS. The literature suggests that many variables influence crime rates, including unemployment. There is always a need for the integration of widespread data insights into unified analyses and/or platforms. For that reason, we have taken the unemployment rate as a predictor series to predict the future rates of crime in a comparative setting. This study can be extended to several other predictors, broadening the scope of the findings. Predictive data-based choropleth maps contribute to informed decision making and proactive resource allocation in public safety and security administration, including police patrol operations. This study addresses how effectively we can utilize raw crime rate statistics in time series forecasting. Moreover, a visual assessment of safety and security situations using ARIMA models in SPSS based on predictor time-series data was performed, resulting in predictive crime mapping.
Parental Care, Control, and Communication About Sex: The Relation to Risky Sexual Behaviors and Relationship Style in Emerging Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The relationship between a parent and child is one of the longest and most influential relationships in an individual's life. Among many child outcomes, prior research suggests that parents have the ability to influence their children's sexual decisions. Parent-child communication about sex and the climate of the parent -child relationship may be important predictors of later sexual behavior and attitudes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study wa~ to examine the relationship between parental care and control, parent communication about sex and current sexual behavior and attitudes in a sample of emerging adults ages 18-28. Results show that an adult who grew up with more caring and less controlling parents and who talked about sex with their parent were most likely to have better quality relationships and to a limited extent, engage in safer sexual behaviors. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Psychology First Advisor Dr. Heather Janisse Second Advisor Dr. Stephen Jefferson