jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fitness, strength and severity of COVID-19: a prospective register study of 1 559 187 Swedish conscripts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the possible connection between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength in early adulthood and severity of COVID-19 later in life. Design Prospective registry-based cohort study. Participants 1 559 187 Swedish men, undergoing military conscription between 1968 and 2005 at a mean age of 18.3 (SD 0.73) years. Main outcome measures Hospitalisation, intensive care or death due to COVID-19 from March to September 2020, in relation to CRF and muscle strength. Results High CRF in late adolescence and early adulthood had a protective association with severe COVID-19 later in life with OR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.67 to 0.85) for hospitalisation (n=2 006), 0.61 (0.48 to 0.78) for intensive care (n=445) and 0.56 (0.37 to 0.85) for mortality (n=149), compared with the lowest category of CRF. The association remains unchanged when controlled for body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, chronic diseases and parental education level at baseline, and incident cardiovascular disease before 2020. Moreover, lower muscle strength in late adolescence showed a linear association with a higher risk of all three outcomes when controlled for BMI and height. Conclusions Physical fitness at a young age is associated with severity of COVID-19 many years later. This underscores the necessity to increase the general physical fitness of the population to offer protection against future viral pandemics.
Large reversible magnetocaloric effect in Er2In compound

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) of the Er2In compound have been investigated. It is found that Er2In undergoes a second-order magnetic transition from ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) state at the Curie temperature TC = 46K and no other transition is observed. These 2 November 2010 ccepted 15 November 2010 vailable online 23 November 2010 eywords: are-earth intermetallic compound observations are in consistentwith previously publishedworks. For amagnetic field change from0 to 5T, the maximummagnetic entropy change ( SM) and refrigerant capacity (RC) are −16 J/kgK and 490 J/kg, respectively, which are comparable to or larger than those of some magnetic refrigerant materials with first-order magnetic transition around the similar magnetic ordering temperature. Large reversible MCE and high RC value indicate that the Er2In compound is a suitable candidate of magnetic refrigerants in -ray diffraction agnetocaloric effect low temperature range.
Biotechnology in the Production of Pharmaceutical Industry Ingredients: Amino Acids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACTAmino acids play an important role in human nutrition and health maintenance. Nowadays amino acids are used as animal feed additives, flavor enhancers, ingredients in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products and as specialty nutrients in the medical field, and the production capacity requirements are constantly increasing. This paper reviews the manufacturing methods for the production of some amino acids used in the pharmaceutical industry and outlines the main achievements of biotechnology in this field. It also summarizes the weaknesses and strengths of the biotechnological methods used for the industrial production of the studied amino acids. Literature search was done through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus Database, Web of Knowledge search as well as an Internet-based search with predefined keywords. The present mini review is based on a total of 66 publications. Out of 15 amino acids included in our study, 14 are routinely manufactured applying biotechnology methods mostly from specially developed mutan...
Cephalosporin activity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of the British Journal of Radiology (BJR) (supplement 17) tables of equivalent square fields for dose calculations is widespread. A revised version of the supplement was published recently, with a more elaborate discussion, but without changes in data given in these tables ( Br. J. Radiol. suppl 25). The tables were generated for use in dose calculations, with relative beam data such as PDD, BSF, PSF, all with as the reference depth. However, the current philosophy in dose calculational methods is based on quantities defined at a reference depth, , on a separation of phantom and head scatter, and on the use of the relative depth - dose or tissue - phantom ratios normalized at . By using these quantities as a starting point, problems at shallow depths related to the influence of contaminating electrons in the beam can be eliminated. Recently, a comprehensive set of phantom scatter factor data with has been published for a set of square field sizes and a wide range of photon beam energies, showing that phantom scatter is a smoothly varying function of field size and quality index. \nIt is not a priori evident that the conventional concept of equivalent squares for rectangular fields is also fully applicable for phantom scatter factors and phantom scatter related quantities at a depth of 10 cm. It was questioned whether or not new tables of equivalent square fields are needed for this purpose. In this paper, new tables have been constructed for four photon beam energies in the range of Co-60 to 25 MV (quality index from 0.572 to 0.783). The small differences between the outcome of these new tables allowed the construction of one averaged table of equivalent square fields. Phantom scatter factors were calculated for rectangular fields based on the use of the BJR table and on the use of the newly constructed tables and the differences were quantified. For Co-60 no improvements could be shown when using the new averaged table, but for beam energies of 6 to 10 MV small improvements of the order of 0.5 to 1.0% were found. For a higher beam energy of 25 MV the improvement is smaller. Deviations resulting from the BJR table are within the limits of accuracy as stated by the authors. Therefore, for clinical use, the continued use of the BJR table of equivalent squares for phantom scatter factors and phantom scatter related quantities of rectangular fields is justified, irrespective of photon beam energy.
Fitting the flow curve of a plastically deformed silicon steel for the prediction of magnetic properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report measurements and modelling of magnetic effects due to plastic deformation in 2.2% Si steel, emphasizing new tensile deformation data. The modelling approach is to take the Ludwik law for the strain-hardening stress and use it to compute the dislocation density, which is then used in the computation of magnetic hysteresis. A nonlinear extrapolation is used across the discontinuous yield region to obtain the value of stress at the yield point that is used in fitting Ludwik's law to the mechanical data. The computed magnetic hysteresis exhibits sharp shearing of the loops at small deformation, in agreement with experimental behavior. Magnetic hysteresis loss is shown to follow a Ludwik-like dependence on the residual strain, but with a smaller Ludwik exponent than applies for the mechanical behavior.
Surgical Treatment of Congenital Radial Head Luxation in a Cat by Ostectomy of Radial Head

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Congenital radial head luxation was diagnosed in a 7-month-old, neutered female cat that presented a right forelimb lameness. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a caudolateral luxation of the right radial head, which was treated by radial head ostectomy. For months, postoperative radiographic recheck documented remodelling of the radial head, without humero-radial conflict, and clinical examination revealed resolution of lameness and restoring of the normal elbow range of motion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of a congenital radial head luxation in a caudolateral direction in a cat that was successfully managed surgically with radial head ostectomy.
Holmes v. Laird

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Status — Treaties and the Constitution — Duty of Executive to observe Constitution in performance and conclusion of treaties — The law of the United States The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Surrender of United States citizen required by treaty for purpose of foreign criminal proceedings — Whether impaired by absence in foreign judicial system of safeguards in all respects equivalent to those constitutionally enjoyed on American trials — The law of the United States Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — The supremacy of the Constitution over treaties and executive augmentations — Constitutional requirements must be observed in the performance as well as in the conclusion of international compacts — The law of the United States Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — United States servicemen convicted by West German court for offences in West Germany against a West German national — Servicemen returning to United States — Whether obligation on the United States to return the servicemen to West Germany for service of their sentences — Whether a United States court had jurisdiction to enjoin surrender — NATO Status of Forces Agreement 1951 — The law of the United States
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Ru(II) and Ru(III) Complexes of Diphenylphosphinoacetic Acid and Their Interaction with Small Molecules.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes (I)‐(VII) are obtained by 2:1 and 3:1 molar reaction of the title ligand with RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 in refluxing acetone, with RuCl 2 (DMSO) 4 in refluxing ethanol, with RuCl 3 (AsPh 3 ) 2 in refluxing acetone and with RuCl 3 ·3 H 2 O in methanol, respectively.
<italic>Weintrauboa</italic>, a new genus of pimoid spiders from Japan and adjacent islands, with comments on the monophyly and diagnosis of the family Pimoidae and the genus <italic>Pimoa</italic> (Araneoidea, Araneae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The spider genus Weintrauboa new genus (Araneae, Pimoidae) is described to place two species of pimoids from Japan and adjacent islands that were formerly classified in the linyphiid genus Labulla. Weintrauboa contortipes (Karsch) new comb., the type species, and W. chikunii (Oi) new comb. are redescribed. Parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides robust support for the monophyly of the genus Weintrauboa and corroborates the monophyly of Pimoa, Pimoidae, and the clade Linyphiidae plus Pimoidae. New diagnoses for Pimoa and Pimoidae are provided.
Treatment effectiveness of shifting from risperidone long-acting injectable to first-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Most studies of long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) drugs have been focused on the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) LAIs through observation of the various outcomes of shifting from first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) LAIs to SGA LAIs. Rare studies have assessed the effectiveness of shifting from SGA LAIs to FGA LAIs. In this study, we intended to investigate the effectiveness of shifting from risperidone LAI to FGA LAIs in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We included patients with schizophrenia and with the ownership of catastrophic illness card in the study. All the study patients had received risperidone LAI at least two months with a minimal dose of 50 mg per month. The case group included the patients who had been shifting from risperidone LAI to FGA LAIs (fluphenazine, haloperidol, or flupentixol). The control group included the patients who were continuously maintaining on risperidone LAI. The primary outcome was the time to hospitalization. The secondary outcomes were the side effects requiring to receive the use of concomitant anticholinergics, propranolol, and benzodiazepines. Results: We had 15 patients in the case group and 98 patients in the control group. The primary outcomes showed no significant between-group difference in the time to hospitalization (hazard ratio = 3.676, 95% confidence interval = 0.833 - 16.222). The secondary outcomes also showed no significant differences between the case and control groups. Conclusion: This study showed no significant differences in the treatment effectiveness and side effects between FGA LAIs and risperidone LAI. The results are compatible with those from a previous LAI study from the National Institute of Mental Health of the United States. But the relatively small effect with inadequate statistical power is the major study limitation, which may produce no significant differences in side effects. We suggest that further large-sample study is needed to confirm the results of this study.
PDF shopping system with the lightweight currency protocol

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project is a web application for two types of bookstores an E-Bookstore and a PDF-Bookstore. Both are document sellers, however, The E-Bookstore is not a currency user. The PDF-Bookstore sells PDF documents and issues a lightweight currency called Scart. Customers can sell their PDF documents to earn Scart currency and buy PDF documents by paying with Scart.
Antibacterial Activity of Sungkai Leaf Extract (Peronema canescens Jack) Against Streptococcus Pneumonia ATCC Bacteria. 49619 In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract that is transmitted through the air. Young leaves of the sungkai plant of the Verbenaceae tribe, traditionally often used as a cold medicine, worms (ringworms), prevent toothache by gargling, as a febrifuge. In addition, sungkai leaves are a traditional medicine to improve the immune system of patients with Covid-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of sungkai leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumonia at bacteria.49619 The research methodology used was experimental. This research method starts with tool preparation, sampling, the extraction process, the photochemical process, and further extraction antibacterial activity testing is carried out by disk diffusion method using disc paper. The results of the study of the antibacterial activity of sungkai leaf extract have antibacterial activity in Streptococcus pneumonia atcc.49619 with a concentration of 25% categorized as medium, 50%, and 75% categorized as strong, while in Control + categorized as very strong. Based on the results of the conclusions showed that sungkai leaf extract has antibacterial activity.
Kill HIV by Starvation–Mechanism of Allosteric Activation of SAMHD1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SAMHD1, a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase), prevents the infection of blood cells by retroviruses, including HIV, by depleting the cellular dNTP pool available for viral reverse transcription. SAMHD1 is a major regulator of cellular dNTP levels in mammalian cells. Mutations in SAMHD1 are associated with the autoimmune condition Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS), whose clinical manifestations resemble congenital viral infection. The catalytic activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by allosteric binding of dGTP, which enables SAMHD1 monomers/dimers to assemble into the catalytically active tetrameric form. We have determined the crystal structure of the tetrameric human SAMHD1-dGTP complex. The structure reveals an elegant allosteric mechanism of activation via dGTP-induced assembly of the tetrameric complex from two inactive dimers. Intriguingly, GTP can also activate SAMHD1, and our data further show the binding promiscuity of other dNTPs at the allosteric site. These findings suggest a regulation system that may have a profound effect on the balancing of cellular dNTP pools. These results provide the basis for a mechanistic understanding of SAMHD1 function in HIV restriction, the pathogenesis of AGS, and regulation of cellular dNTP levels.
Degassing of Aluminum Alloys Using Ultrasonic Vibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The research was intended to lead to a better fundamental understanding of the effect of ultrasonic energy on the degassing of liquid metals and to develop practical approaches for the ultrasonic degassing of alloys. The goals of the project described here were to evaluate core principles, establish a quantitative basis for the ultrasonic degassing of aluminum alloy melts, and demonstrate the application of ultrsaonic processing during ingot casting and foundry shape casting.
[Characteristic findings of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory mass].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory mass (CPM) is difficult to differentiate from pancreatic cancer. To clarify the characteristic findings of CPM, we performed endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) in 39 patients. The pancreatogram showed smooth stenosis at the site of the mass in 26/39 cases (66.6%), irregular stenosis in 6 (15.4%), obstruction in 4 (10.3%), and no stenosis in 3 (7.7%). In the case of stenosis on ERP, the length of the stenosis correlated with the size of the mass. The pancreatogram distal to the mass showed dilatation in 26/35 cases (74.3%), 18 (51.4%) of which were simple dilatation. A follow-up study of 5 cases showed that all the stenoses had remained, and that the pancreatitis was aggravated in 2 cases. These findings suggest that CPM causes local stenoses of the pancreatic duct in many cases, and consequently may aggravate the stage of chronic pancreatitis.
Play It Forward: Incorporating Therapeutic Digital Tool Benefits and Client Driven Interests in Play Therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This presentation will expand upon the panel discussion to include specific case studies associated with various diagnoses and interventions. Panelists will also discuss parental/caregiver concerns and ways to conceptualize and address family dynamic situations. The play therapist’s competence and comfort are key components of successfully addressing both the clinical incorporation of digital tools and assisting families in such negotiations. Experiential exercises will accompany the didactic information to allow participants to integrate their learning. Intermediate * Skills & Methods * Special Topics * Prescriptive
Developing Corporate Taxonomies for Knowledge Auditability: A Framework for Good Practices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The organisation of knowledge for exploitation and re-use in the modern enterprise is often a most perplexing challenge. The entire knowledge management life-cycle (for example - create, capture, organize, store, search, and transfer) is impacted by the organisation of intellectual capital into a corporate taxonomy or at the least a knowledge map (often incorrectly used interchangeably). Determining the extent to which such an objective is achieved is the focus of what is known as a knowledge audit. In this practice-oriented article, the authors review the fundamentals of creating a taxonomy, the use of meta-data in a necessary process known as classification and the role of expertise locators where the knowledge is not explicit but resides within experts in the form of tacit knowledge. The authors conclude with a framework for developing a corporate taxonomy and how such a project may be executed. The conceptual contribution of this article is the postulation that corporate taxonomies that are designed to facilitate knowledge audits lead to greater organizational impact.
Meta-Embedded Clustering (MEC): A new method for improving clustering quality in unlabeled bird sound datasets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, ecoacoustics has offered an alternative to traditional biodiversity monitoring techniques with the development of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) systems allowing, among others, to detect and identify species that are difficult to detect by human observers, automatically. PAM systems typically generate large audio datasets, but using these monitoring techniques to infer ecologically meaningful information remains challenging. In most cases, several thousand hours of recordings need to be manually labeled by experts limiting the operability of the systems. Based on recent developments of meta-learning algorithms and unsupervised learning techniques, we propose here Meta-Embedded Clustering (MEC), a new method with high potential for improving clustering quality in unlabeled bird sound datasets. MEC method is organized in two main steps, with: (a) fine-tuning of a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) backbone with different meta-learning algorithms using pseudo-labeled data, and (b) clustering of manually-labeled bird sounds in the latent space based on vector embeddings extracted from the fine-tuned CNN. The MEC method significantly enhanced average clustering performance from less than 1% to more than 80%, greatly outperforming the traditional approach of relying solely on CNN features extracted from a general neotropical audio database. However, this enhanced performance came with the cost of excluding a portion of the data categorized as noise. By improving the quality of clustering in unlabeled bird sound datasets, the MEC method should facilitate the work of ecoacousticians in managing acoustic units of bird song/call clustered according to their similarities, and in identifying potential clusters of species undetected using traditional approaches.
ENHANCING TENSILE STRENGTH IN CLAYS USING POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The geotextile industry research and development is growing at a fast rate and new products of variable specifications are now available for earthworks and design engineers. The polypropylene fiber material is non-biodegradable which can stand aggressive chemical exposure when placed along with soil media. This research is conducted on a polypropylene fiber reinforced soil treated with chemical admixture in order to study the interlocking mechanism and to study the extent of improvement on their tensile behaviour. Locally available plastic clay was selected for this investigation. The extent of improvement by the polypropylene fibres inclusion on the tensile behaviour was evaluated by carrying out a series of Brazilian tensile strength tests. The dominant mechanism responsible for the increase in tensile strength properties has been proposed. The effect of various geotechnical parameters like grain size distribution, density and moisture content on the tensile strength improvement has been discussed. The study shows that the addition of polypropylene fibers alone to highly plastic clay will not suffice the tensile strength requirements. The polypropylene fibers when added with lime of 6% can improve the tensile strength by further 13 to 28% depending on the dose or fiber content.