jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimizing community health workers and non-biomedical approaches to assess the burden of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in a school-aged population in rural Rwanda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) remain a major public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries, especially among children. The conventional methods for diagnosing STHs require well-equipped laboratories and trained personnel, often scarce or inaccessible in rural and remote settings. Algorithmic non-biomedical screening tools are a potential strategy for CHWs to ensure rapid detection and referral of children with possible STH infection. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a community health worker-led screening program in rural Rwanda. We also sought to describe the Knot , a model leveraging community health workers (CHWs) as school-based health agents (SBHAs) to facilitate the screening, referral, and follow-up of children with presumptive STH, as well as the engagement of teachers and community members in preventive interventions. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 746 school-aged children in Musanze district, Rwanda, between August 2021 and November 2022. We used Beta CommScreen, an algorithmic non-biomedical screening tool that collects socio-demographic, anthropometric, and symptomatic data, as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, to assess the risk of STH infection. The SBHAs engaged teachers and community members in developing a bundle of interventions, such as deworming campaigns, WASH education, and targeted home visits. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with presumptive STH infection. We analyzed the data using Stata version 15.1. Results: Of 746 children screened by the SBHA, 322 (43%) reported signs of STH infections, and 220 (29%) were referred to the clinic for treatment, the rest of children (102, 14%) were provided with deworming medication at school. Having a CHW for routine monitoring and not walking barefoot were associated with lower risk of STH symptoms (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21,0.64) and (OR = 0.49, 95% CI:0.08,3.11), respectively. Not washing hands before eating and after using the toilet were not significantly associated with possible STH infections (OR = 7.40, 95%CI:0.79,68.94) and (OR = 3.82, 95%CI:0.37,39.37). Other factors, including the place of residence and age, were also not associated with STH symptoms. Conclusions: We found the CHWs were able to use a simple algorithmic screening tool to identify a high burden of symptoms of possible STH. This CHW-based approach to carry out school-based screening of STH infections builds on the strong CHW system in Rwanda, although strengthening referrals to ensure all symptomatic children receive treatment is needed. Strengthening the connection between schools and community-based health services can further expand disease prevention and treatment, furthering Rwanda’s success in improving health and wellbeing.
Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism stratified according to their presenting syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) more commonly have the pulmonary infarction syndrome than patients with massive PE. In patients with PE and no prior cardiopulmonary disease in PIOPED who had circulatory collapse, dyspnea was present in 2 of 5 (40%) and in PIOPED II dyspnea was present in 9 of 11 (82%). Among patients with no prior cardiopulmonary disease in PIOPED, rales were more prevalent in the pulmonary infarction group, 67 of 119 (56%), than in the isolated dyspnea group, 6 of 31 (19%) (P < 0.001). The pulmonary infarction group had a lower pulmonary artery mean pressure than the isolated dyspnea group, 20.1 ± 8.1 mm Hg versus 24.5 ± 9.3 mm Hg (P < 0.02). A normal electrocardiogram (ECG) was more prevalent among patients with pulmonary infarction syndrome, 45 of 97 (46%), than among patients with isolated dyspnea syndrome, 2 of 21 (10%) (P < 0.01).
"figaux_64c" of "Search for events with one displaced vertex from long-lived neutral particles decaying into hadronic jets in the ATLAS muon spectrometer in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One-DV barrel vertex efficiency for ZH samples in the lepton-triggered region as a function of the LLP boost β and transverse decay position Lxy for mH=125 GeV, ms=16 GeV, cτsim=0.3 m.
RESPONSES OF BODY COMPOSITION AND MINERAL CONTENT RELATED TO MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Preceding studies have shown a strong correlation between maternal nutritional status as an important predictor of morbidity in mothers and pups. In order to assess the effect of long term eucaloric diets, with different carbohydrate to fat (CH:F) calorie ratio with either adequate (0.6%) or low (0.3%) calcium content on body composition and bone mineral content, thirty rats were evaluated at the end of the lactation period. At weanling, female Wistar rats were randomly assigned one of the following diets: a) CH: F = 1:1; 0.6%; b) 3:1 0,6 % and c) 3:1 0,3%. At day=70, rats were mated and at weanling mothers (M) and pups (P) were studied. Body weights (BW), bone mineral content (BMC) by DEXA Lunar, percentage of body fat (% BF) by chemical method (AOAC) and serum leptin (ELISAng/ml) were measured. Results are expressed as mean ± SD: Dietary fat restriction produced a decreased in BF in all groups, being significant in pups. BMC was reduced in mothers eating low Ca diet. Leptin levels remained unchanged. In pups, the decreased in BF content did not correlate with serum leptin levels; taken together, these findings suggest that leptin may act improving lipid tissue development and involved in body mineral content. Awarded by UBACyT O 004.
A new triterpenoid saponin from Anemone tomentosa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new triterpenoid saponin, tomentoside (5), together with prosapogenin CP 4 (1), huzhangoside B (2), C (3) and D (4) was isolated from the ethanolic extract of Anemone tomentosa. Its structure was established by spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Tone Mapping Operators Evaluation Based on High Quality Reference Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging applications have been commonly placed recently. Several tone mapping operators (TMOs) have been developed which project the HDR radiance range to that of a display. Currently, there is no agreement on a technique for evaluation of tone mapping operators. The goal of this study is to establish a method based on reference images to evaluate the TMOs. Two psychophysical experiments were carried out for the evaluation of tone mapping operators. In the first experiment, a set of high quality images were generated to possess right extents of image features including contrast, colourfulness and sharpness. These images were further used in the second experiment as reference images to evaluate different TMOs. It was found Reinhard's photographic reproduction based on local TMO gave an overall better performance. CIELAB(2:1) and S- CIELAB metrics were also used to judge colour image quality of the same TMOs. It was found that both metrics agreed well with the visual results.
What happens in the brain during meditation?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the modern society, stress is a very common issue for everyone. Even though some amount of stress is good and can increase performance to a certain point, over-stressing is harmful to the body and mind. In order to relief stress, humans have adopted meditation as one of the de-stressing methods. Meditation is a tool to improve a person's emotional, mental, spiritual and even physical health. It used as a medium to handle anxiety, work stress and depression and placed the mind and body to rest. We discuss the use of Bhramari Pranayama yoga/meditation and the relationship between the meditation and the brain. In this project, our objective is to show what happens in the brain during meditation and develop an algorithm, that will identify the high activity regions of the brain. In order to get the desired Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals, we remove the artifacts using Principle component analysis and Independent component analysis. The spikes of the EEG signals are detected and projected back onto a brain topography for display. Throughout this project, we are able to use spikes detection algorithm (morphological filter and K-means clustering), to identify some relationship between the Bhramari Pranayama yoga/meditation and the region of the brain (temporal and occipital lobes).
Sustainability and Resource Equilibrium Evaluation of a Tourism Traffic Network Based on a Tourism Traffic Matching Curve

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The accompanying increased traffic due to the rapid development of tourism at present calls for the better sustainability and equilibrium of tourism and traffic resources in the future. In recent decades, considerable attention has been paid to highway network planning, while studies focusing on sustainable tourism traffic networks, especially evaluation methods of limited tourism and traffic resources, have proven less successful. Through conceptual transfer, we proposed the tourism traffic matching curve, which not only simplifies the method of sustainability and equilibrium evaluation, but also ensures that the results are more direct and effective. In the upper layer, we analyzed the main factors of tourism traffic network development, which contributed to a comprehensive benefit-oriented multi-objective model of tourism traffic network in MATLAB. In this model, the long-neglected tourism economy radiation effect was considered, and a genetic algorithm was introduced in the solution. In the lower layer, the characteristics of the tourism traffic matching curve and the two crucial equilibrium indexes, the Tourism Traffic Uniformity Coefficient ( T L C U ) and Curvature Coefficient ( T L C C ), were provided. With instances from Guangdong Province, the proposed system was proven to be more efficient and concise than other systems, which identified the need for future research on establishing effective criteria and a theoretical analysis method for dynamic adjustment.
3D-QSAR and ADMET studies of morpholino-pyrimidine inhibitors of DprE1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

DprE1 is involved in the synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and is a potent drug target for Tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The structure and dynamics of the loops L-I and L-II flanking the inhibitor binding site was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MMPBSA in Amber v18. Docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) of 55 Morpholino-pyrimidine (MP) inhibitors was carried out using Autodock v1.2.0 and Forge v10. ADMET analysis was done using SwissADME and pkCSM. All MP inhibitors docked in the DprE1 binding pocket, making contacts with L-II residues. MD studies showed that L-I and L-II unfold in the absence of the inhibitor but fold stably structure with reduced protein motions in the presence of MP-38, the highest affinity inhibitor. This was confirmed by k-means clustering and secondary structure analysis. L-II residues, L317, F320 and R325 contributed most towards the MMPBSA binding free energy of MP-38. A robust field-based 3D-QSAR model showed values of r2train = 0.982, r2test = 0.702 and q2 = 0.516. The MP inhibitor field points were broadly divided into negative electrostatics near the A, B rings and hydrophobic electrostatics near the D, E rings. Addition of negative groups at methanone position and ring B as well as addition of hydrophobic and bulky groups at ring E will improve activity. Highly active compounds 47, 49 and 50 of MP series exhibited highly favourable drug-like properties. SAR and ADMET insights attained from this model will help in the development of active DprE1 inhibitors in future.
Teaching Children in Poverty: three Australian primagy school

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Studies of pedagogical relationships offer insights into policies and practices which have the capacity to promote progressive change in educational practice for children in poverty. This paper focuses on relationships established in three differently-located Australian primary schools: Greytown, a medium sized inner-city school in New South Wales; Mungar, a large suburban school in Queensland; and Meiki, a small rural school in New South Wales. Each school is a designated disadvantaged school and funded accordingly through a federal Disadvantaged Schools Program, is located in a working class area, and is ethnically diverse. The schools' pedagogical responses to children in poverty are contrasted and analysed in terms of their capacity to contribute to socially just outcomes from schooling.
Liar, a Novel Lyn-Binding Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Shuttling Protein That Influences Erythropoietin-Induced Differentiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Erythropoiesis is primarily controlled by erythropoietin (Epo), which stimulates proliferation, differentiation and survival of erythroid precursors. We have previously shown that the tyrosine kinase Lyn is critical for transducing differentiation signals emanating from the activated Epo receptor. A yeast two-hybrid screen for downstream effectors of Lyn identified a novel protein, Liar (Lyn interacting ankyrin repeat), which forms a multi-protein complex with Lyn and HS1 in erythroid cells. Interestingly, the ankyrin repeats of Liar define a novel SH3 binding region for Lyn and HS1. Liar also contains functional nuclear localisation and nuclear export sequences, and shuttles rapidly between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Ectopic expression of Liar inhibited the differentiation of normal erythroid progenitors, as well as immortalised erythroid cells. Significantly, Liar affected Epo-activated signaling molecules including Erk2, STAT5 and Lyn. These results show that Liar is a novel Lyn-interacting molecule that plays an important role in regulating intracellular signaling events associated with erythroid terminal differentiation.
Research on Teacher Evaluation: A Review of Statute, Regulation and Litigation in the Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Limited research has been done to examine teacher evaluation in rural schools. This article presents an analysis of legislation and regulation of teacher evaluation in selected rural states, highlights their commonalities and differences, reports their litigation, and speculates on potential problems that can result in rural schools. It ends with recommendations for states to consider now that the Every Student Succeeds Act (formerly No Child Left Behind) has passed, and states have the option to reconsider their teacher evaluation plans.
Generalized cutting force model for grinding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In CNC grinding operations different surfaces are processed with various types of grinding. Model of cutting force is necessarily used in cutting modes calculating. However, it's impossible to use partial empirical dependences of cutting force for automating of cutting modes calculation because they do not cover all normative space of grinding conditions and are not intended for use in the calculation of automatic CNC grinding cycles. Therefore analytical wide-range models of cutting forces for different types of grinding are needed, but these models should be designed on the basis of common idea of kinematics and physics of metal removal processes. The article proposes the method of obtaining cutting force models for different grinding types, obtained from a generalized analytical wide-range cutting force model, as particular cases for a given grinding type. Generalized model of cutting force is obtained on the basis of fundamental regularities of mechanics of metal' plastic deformation by wheel grains in a cutting zone, kinematic of cutting process by abrasive grains under conditions of temperature and speed parameters during grinding, functionally related with cutting modes, geometrical parameters of a contact zone between a wheel and a workpiece, structural behaviors of processed material, wheel grains blunting.
INTERNATIONAL AIR CRIME: ACTUALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author analyzes the concept of "international air crime", updates the issue of the urgent need to formulate a normative definition of the concepts of "transport crimes", "crimes in air transport", "air crimes", "international air crimes" and some others. In the course of the work, scientific ideas about transport crimes, international treaties ratified by the Russian Federation and the internal law of the Russian Federation, including the Air Code and other regulations were analyzed in order to form the legal foundation for ensuring air security, taking into account the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2024 of the year. In order to pose the problem, the author has identified classifications of international air crimes that are promising for scientific research, including crimes where air transport is considered as an object, means and place of commission of a crime. In fact, trends in the development of scientific analysis of basic concepts and characteristics of transport and air crimes are presented from a historical perspective. As a result, the author, summing up the current state of legal regulation of international air crimes and the prospects for the development of a system of norms, gives impetus to the specification of the institution of air safety, the branch of international air law and air legislation of the Russian Federation.
How to discriminate between normal and abnormal early pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early fetal growth delay and early oligohydramnios have been suspected as signs of embryonal jeopardy. Sonographic examinations of 100 early pregnancies between the sixth and ninth gestational week were performed to investigate predictable sonographic findings of early abortion. Sonographic measurements of the gestational sac (G‐SAC), Crown‐rump length (CRL) and fetal heart rate (FHR) were performed using a transvaginal transducer with Doppler. All measurement of 11 early abortions were compared to those of 89 normal pregnancies to investigate the objective rules for the screening of early abortion. Most of the early aborted pregnancies were classified correctly by discriminant analysis with G‐SAC and CRL (G‐SAC = 0.5222 × CRL + 14.6673 = 0.5 × CRL + 15). In conclusion, early fetal growth retardation and oligohydramnios could discriminate the poor prognosis of early pregnancies.
Analysis on Some Essential and Non-Essential Metals in Bulla of Enset (E. Ventricosum) with Supporting Soil sample in West Showa Zone

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of essential and non essential metals in Bulla of Ensete ventricosum and soil samples in West Showa Zone.K and Na were analyzed using FAES, Ca and Mg were determined complecometric titration method and the other metals with FAAS after appropriate quality control measures were undertaken to verify and maintain the quality of the data generated.The optimized wet digestion method for Bulla and soil analysis was found effective for all of the minerals and as it was evaluated through the recovery experiment, a good percentage recovery 96.85% (Fe in Bulla) to 112% (Pb in soil) was obtained for the minerals identified.The results of this study showed that the average concentrations were ranged in order decreasing in (mgkg -1 ) 3366.28(K) >1881.57(Na)> 593.44(Mg) > 862.85(Ca) > 55.68(Fe) > 6.99(Zn)>3.09(Cu)>2.96(Mn).Cd and Pb were not detected for Bulla and 3521.11(K)>3497.85(Mg)>3461.59(Fe)>3294.93(Ca)>1096.89(Na)>(93.99(Mn)>16.74(Zn)>3.77(Cu)>0.26(Cd)for soil sample and Pb was not detected.The concentrations of the metals were also compared with recommended maximum permissible limits and some international reports; and found to be in a good agreement indicating no exposure risk of using the bulla and corm of Ensete ventricosumunder the current situation.Statistical test of significance using ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the values of metals in the bulla and soil samples obtained from all the sampling sites except Zn and Fe for bulla and Ca in soil.
Resiliencia y Compromiso: Confiando en Tiempos Mejores

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We find ourselves in an unprecedented moment. The COVID-19 pandemic has radically transformed our routines, our ways of working, and our social interactions. Since the beginning of 2020, the entire world has been grappling with a health crisis that affects all aspects of human life. This situation challenges us to rethink how we face difficulties and, especially, how the legal, business, and education sectors adapt to a context of uncertainty. In this sense, the word “resilience,” a term that until recently was uncommon, has become a constant concept in our vocabulary, reflecting the ability to adapt and overcome adversity. In this edition of Saber Ciencia y Libertad, we explore research that addresses fundamental topics for adaptation and resilience in times of change, specifically selected for their relevance to the crisis we are going through, although the articles were received in 2019, before the appearance of the pandemic.
p21‐activated kinase 4 inhibition protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 phosphorylation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims p21‐activated kinase 4 (PAK4), an oncogenic protein, has emerged as a promising target for anticancer drug development. Its role in oxidative stress conditions, however, remains elusive. We investigated the effects of PAK4 signaling on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Approach and Results Hepatocyte‐ and myeloid‐specific Pak4 knockout (KO) mice and their littermate controls were subjected to a partial hepatic I/R (HIR) injury. We manipulated the catalytic activity of PAK4, either through genetic engineering (gene knockout, overexpression of wild‐type [WT] or dominant‐negative kinase) or pharmacological inhibitor, coupled with a readout of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity, to test the potential function of PAK4 on HIR injury. PAK4 expression was markedly up‐regulated in liver during HIR injury in mice and humans. Deletion of PAK4 in hepatocytes, but not in myeloid cells, ameliorated liver damages, as demonstrated in the decrease in hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory responses. Conversely, the forced expression of WT PAK4 aggravated the pathological changes. PAK4 directly phosphorylated Nrf2 at T369, and it led to its nuclear export and proteasomal degradation, all of which impaired antioxidant responses in hepatocytes. Nrf2 silencing in liver abolished the protective effects of PAK4 deficiency. A PAK4 inhibitor protected mice from HIR injury. Conclusions PAK4 phosphorylates Nrf2 and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Genetic or pharmacological suppression of PAK4 alleviates HIR injury. Thus, PAK4 inhibition may represent a promising intervention against I/R‐induced liver injury.