jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tradition of Minstrelsy in Turkic Peoples

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The minstrel competition is one of the traditions that emerged in oral literature. The emergence process of this tradition, its original character that shapes its dramatic and lyrical elements, and its unique performance ritual have enabled it to emerge as a tradition. Minstrelsy; since it is an ancient tradition that is the continuation of shamanlyk (hayloft), bakshylyk (bakshy) and ozanlyk (minstrelsy) it appears in the oral literature tradition of the Turkic peoples. For this reason, our study analyzes one of the current issues of folklore to address and compare the spread of the minstrelsy tradition in Turkic peoples and the state of research in the region. The aim of our study is to evaluate the spreading characteristics, nomenclature, sub-types, and research on the subject of the tradition of minstrelsy in the oral works of literature of Anatolian, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkir, Uyghur, and Altai Turks. The studies of such researchers as B. Kebekova, S. Nasirov, R. Muhammadiyev, B. Sarımsakov, A. Musakulov, M. Kuşmakov, K. Bazarov, N. Davkarayev, S. Karaş, O. Aydın, N. Kutlusoy, T. Kovalskiy, M. Auezov, S. Mukanov, E. Ismayılov, K. Cumacanov etc., who examined the tradition of minstrel dueling in Turkic peoples with the typological comparison method, constitute the literature basis of our research. As a result of our research, it has been determined that poetic innovation should also be addressed in the tradition of minstrel dueling in Turkic peoples, together with comparative folk literature, folklore, history of literature, and the effect of historical periods on the tradition, subject, and ideology.
Elecsys® AMH assay: Determination of Anti‐Müllerian hormone levels and evaluation of the relationship between superovulation response in Holstein dairy cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Anti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH) serves as a crucial parameter in assessing the reproductive herd life and ovarian reserve in cattle. Consequently, extensive research is conducted on AMH levels. Various measurement methods can be employed to determine AMH levels. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted on Holstein donors using the Elecsys ® AMH kit. Objective This study was designed to determine AMH levels in donors utilising the Elecsys® AMH kit and to evaluate the relationship between superovulation response parameters and AMH levels. Methods In this study, we measured the serum AMH levels of 36 cows using the Elecsys ® AMH automated assay before the superovulation protocol (1st sample) and FSH injections (2nd sample). The cows were categorised into three groups based on their AMH levels: low, medium, and high AMH. Results Positive correlations were identified between AMH and parameters associated with superovulation response. The high AMH level group exhibited significantly greater numbers of corpus luteum, total embryos, transferable embryos, and grade 1 embryos compared to the medium and low AMH groups ( p < 0.05) There was no significant difference between AMH levels before the superovulation protocol and FSH injections( p > 0.05). Body condition score and parity did not significantly affect AMH levels in cows ( p > 0.05). Also, AMH cut‐off values for the number of corpus luteum, total embryo, and transferable embryos were detected as 234, 227, and 210 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that a high serum AMH level has a positive influence on the superovulation response. AMH can be used as a reliable marker for the selection of donors in Holstein cows.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a canine tracheobronchial mucin cDNA containing a cysteine-rich domain.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To date the complete sequence of only one mammalian mucin cDNA, MUC1, has been reported, although several mucin proteins have been partially characterized. Here we report the nucleotide sequence of a canine tracheal mucin cDNA containing two potential translation initiation codons, one translation termination codon and a poly(A) tail. A lambda gt11 cDNA library prepared from canine tracheal epithelial cells was screened with polyclonal anti-apo-canine tracheal mucin antibodies with the aim of obtaining the deduced amino acid sequence of the mucin core protein. Antibody-positive clones containing overlapping inserts of various lengths were purified and used for nucleotide sequencing. Based on the sequencing data, synthetic oligonucleotide primers were constructed and both ends (5' and 3') of the cDNA were determined. The complete sequence was 3.7 kb and included an open reading frame with coding capacity for 1118 aa, two translation initiation ATG codons in context with Kozak consensus sequences, one polyadenylylation site, and a poly(A) stretch. The protein was rich in Thr, Pro, Ser, Gly, and Ala and poor in Tyr, Phe, and Trp. Although tandem repeats of amino acids were absent in the deduced canine tracheal mucin sequence, motifs TPTPTP and TTTTPV appeared 13 and 19 times, respectively. The C-terminal region contained a Cys-rich domain (although a few Cys residues were also present in the middle of the protein) as has been reported for bovine submaxillary mucin, porcine submaxillary mucin, rat intestinal mucin, human intestinal mucin, and frog skin mucin. This suggested that a broad group of mucins contain such a Cys-rich domain whose functional significance is yet to be understood. Three potential N-glycosylation sites were present in canine tracheal mucin and the amino acid sequence showed homology with both human tracheal and intestinal mucins. The N-terminal domain showed more flexibility (probably due to a high number of Pro residues in this region) when analyzed by the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group program package to determine the predicted secondary structure. Evaluation of the transcripts using the canine mucin cDNA as a probe indicated a polydisperse message with total RNA.
Intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in HL-60 cells functionally differentiated in response to 22-oxacalcitriol

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The agent 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (D3) induces the differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells into functional monocyte-like cells that can support the intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila. 22-Oxacalcitriol (OCT), a synthetic analogue of D3, ex hibits greater differentiation-inducing activity than D3 in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells and has been suggested to be clinically more useful because of its lower hypercalcemic activity. The abilities of OCT and D3 to induce the functional differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells have now been investigated. OCT induced the differentiation of HL-60 cells into monocyte-like cells to a similar extent as D3. Thus, both OCT and D3 increased (1) the surface expression of CD11b, CD11c, CD14, and CD35; (2) nonspecific esterase staining; and (3) phagocytic ac tivity toward fluorescent beads. HL-60 cells differentiated in response to OCT also supported the intracellular mul tiplication of L. pneumophila. Activation of both OCT-and D3-treated HL-60 cells with human recombinant interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for 24 h before infection markedly inhibited L. pneumophila multiplication. IFN-γ activation enhanced superoxide anion generation by D3-treated HL-60 cells but not by OCT-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting that the inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication in IFN-γ-activated cells is independent of superoxide generation. Finally, D3, but not OCT, markedly stimu lated the formation of osteoclast-like multinudeated cells from mouse bone marrow cells, consistent with the lower hypercalcemic activity of OCT. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57: 574–580; 1995.
Energy transfer properties and mechanisms. Technical progress report

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Collisional energy transfer is the controlling factor in many nonequilibrium chemical systems: combustion, laser-induced chemical reactions, shock-heated gases, atmospheric chemistry, etc. During this period, efforts were made in 3 areas: large molecule energy transfer experiments (organic compounds); triatomic V-T/R energy transfer (memory effects); and energy transfer in extreme environments (shock tube data on norbornene). Results are described very briefly.
Regulation and activation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin during the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase transducing signals initiated through integrin activation triggered by cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To examine its role in epithelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, we have studied pp125FAK expression, activity, and association with paxillin in two canine prostate models in which these functions can be selectively regulated: in vitro by vitronectin (VN) and serum factors, and in vivo by sex steroids. Kinetic studies revealed that the adhesion and spreading of prostatic epithelial cells in primary culture was regulated by serum VN and a natural ECM containing VN produced by prostate cells. While barely detectable in freshly isolated prostate cells, proliferating cells, after 72 h in culture, expressed higher levels of FAK mRNA (8-fold), pp125FAK (50-fold), and paxillin (50-fold). In prostate cells with a reduced growth rate after 2 weeks in culture, we observed a decrease in pp125FAK (4-fold) and its transcript (3-fold), but no change in paxillin. In vivo, both proteins were undetectable in normal and hyperplastic glands composed of a well differentiated epithelium, and in prostates restored by androgen supplementation. In contrast, pp125FAK and paxillin were up-regulated by androgen deprivation (castration) and further increased by estrogen treatment, which yielded metaplastic prostates mostly composed of proliferating basal epithelial cells. Moreover, both proteins were constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine in the metaplastic prostate, as well as in proliferating cultured cells. Together, these results demonstrate that pp125FAK expression is regulated at the protein and mRNA levels and forms active signaling complexes with paxillin when epithelial cells in contact with ECM proteins are induced to proliferate in vivo and in vitro.
Developing Fictions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter Five assesses the impact of development discourse on the literary institutions of the period. At midcentury, the idea of economic development was crucial for managing the transition from imperial governance to national autonomy, especially in Africa. A case study of Amos Tutuola and his experience at Faber and Faber illustrates that metropolitan publishers began the 1950s with high hopes for cultivating African talent and audiences along high modernist lines, only to be disappointed by the fact that colonial intellectuals had a different understanding of what development could accomplish. This treatment goes on to examine how the discourse of development frames Tutuola's first two novels, The Palm-Wine Drinkard and My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, which the chapter reads as implicit criticisms of late colonial development models.
Failure of Hypophysectomy, Adrenalectomy or Thyroidectomy to Affect Response of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids to Fasting

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is no evidence of diurnal variation of plasma NEFA levels in rats. Hypophysectomized, adrenalectomized and thyroidectomized animals show significantly lower plasma NEFA values than normal rats either when food is provided ad lib. or after fasting. After 16 hour fast, both normal and operated rats show marked increase in plasma NEFA levels. It is probable that the mechanism involved in NEFA response to fasting is not controlled by pituitary, thyroid or adrenal hormones.
Growing condition variations and grain prices in Niger and Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we describe how both the existing degree of price correspondence and tradability are important factors explaining why and the extent to which grain price relationships adjust due to growing condition variations. For a set of maize and millet markets in Niger and Nigeria with different agro-ecological characteristics and strengths of price relationships, we use normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to identify years with weather-related production shocks. We then measure the degree to which price transmission between the commercial hub and reference market in each country in the anomalous weather years varies from that in normal years.
Hybrid Ising Mean Field Theories of Crystalline Polymer Melt Processes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHybrid Ising Mean Field Theories of Crystalline Polymer Melt ProcessesF. P. Boyle, P. L. Taylor, A. J. Hopfinger, and R. SimhaCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 4, 599–603Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60052a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60052a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Fundamentals of Real‐Time Surface Plasmon Resonance/Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We report the integration of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cyclic voltammetry and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) responses to survey the interfacial adsorption and energy transfer processes involved in ECL on a plasmonic substrate. It was observed that a Tween 80/tripropylamine nonionic layer formed on the gold electrode of the SPR sensor, while enhancing the ECL emission process, affects the electron transfer process to the luminophore, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , which in turn has an impact on the plasmon resonance. Concomitantly, the surface plasmon modulated the ECL intensity, which decreased by about 40 %, due to an interaction between the excited state of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and the plasmon. This occurred only when the plasmon was excited, demonstrating that the optically excited surface plasmon leads to lower plasmon‐mediated luminescence and that the plasmon interacts with the excited state of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ within a very thin layer.
Urea cycle: chemical simulation of arginine biosynthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrea cycle: chemical simulation of arginine biosynthesisDarshan Ranganathan and Ramesh RathiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 8, 2351–2354Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00295a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00295a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aerodynamics and fluid–structure interaction of an airfoil with actively controlled flexible leeward surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Piezoelectric macro-fibre composite (MFC) actuators are employed onto the flexible leeward surface of an airfoil for active control. Time-resolved aerodynamic forces, membrane deformations and flow fields are synchronously measured at low Reynolds number ( Re = 6 × 10 4 ). Mean aerodynamics show that the actively controlled airfoil can achieve lift-enhancement and drag-reduction simultaneously in the angle of attack range of 10° ≤ α ≤ 14°, where the rigid airfoil encounters stall. The maximum increments of lift and lift-to-drag ratio are 27.1 % and 126 % at the reduced actuation frequency of ${f^ + } = 3.52$ . The unsteady coupling features are further analysed at α = 12°, where the maximum lift-enhancement occurs. It is newly discovered that the membrane vibrations and flow fields are locked into half of the actuation frequency when ${f^ + } > 3$ . The shift of the dominant vibration mode from bending to inclining is the reason for the novel ‘half-frequency lock-in’ phenomenon. To the fluid–structure interaction, there are three characteristic frequencies for the actively controlled airfoil: $S{t_1} = 0.5{f^ + }$ , $S{t_2} = {f^ + }$ , and $S{t_3} = 1.5{f^ + }$ . Here, St 1 and its harmonics ( St 2 , St 3 ) are coupled with the natural frequencies of the leading-edge shear layer, resulting in the generation of multi-scale flow structures and suppression of flow separation. The lift presents comparable dominant frequencies between St 1 and St 3 , which means the instantaneous lift is determined by the flow structures of St 1 and St 3 . The local membrane bulge and dent affect the instantaneous swirl strength of flow structures near the maximum vibration amplitude location, which is the main reason for the variation of instantaneous lift.
Digital Navigation/Tactics Training Devices Specialist AFSC 34156.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report summarizes the results of the administration of the Electronic Principles Inventory to airmen assigned as Digital Navigation/Tactics Training Devices Specialist (AFSC 34156). The report gives a detailed listing of the technical tasks and knowledge needed to perform the jobs within the specialty or career ladder. This specialty has the following functions: Inspects, installs, operates, maintains, repairs, and modifies digital navigation/tactics training devices and associated subsystems. Performs preventive maintenance on digital navigation/tactics training devices. Installs, troubleshoots, repairs, and modifies digital navigation/tactics training devices. Operates digital navigation/tactics training devices. Supervises digital navigation/tactics training devices personnel. (Author)
Room Temperature Cu-Cu Direct Bonding Using Wetting/Passivation Scheme for 3D Integration and Packaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-low temperature wafer-level Cu-Cu direct bonding with wetting/passivation scheme has been successfully demonstrated at (1) room temperature with post-annealing at 100 ℃, or (2) 40 ℃ bonding without the post-annealing process. In this bonding structure, a wetting layer and a passivation layer were deposited on the Cu surface to improve the surface conditions and enhance the diffusion behavior of Cu atoms. In addition, the wetting layer can prevent formation of AuCu 3 between passivation and Cu, which is beneficial for Cu bonding at a lower temperature. The proposed bonding structure provides the breakthrough to realize wafer-level Cu-Cu direct bonding with an almost thermal stress-free process, which is key to improve reliability and broaden applications of 3D integration and advanced packaging.
Impact of egg yolk and cysteine on cryopreserved indigenous black rabbit sperm quality in Mekong Delta

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Importance of the work: Cryopreservation of indigenous black rabbit sperm poses challenges due to induced damage that affects viability, motility and membrane integrity. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of varying concentrations of cysteine and egg yolk on the cryopreservation medium. Materials & Methods: In Experiment 1, egg yolks were used at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10% or 15%. In Experiment 2, cysteine was used at concentrations of 0 mM, 1.25 mM, 2.5 mM or 5 mM. Samples were preserved in liquid nitrogen for 72 hours, before being thawed and evaluated. Results: Based on the results in Experiment 1, 15% egg yolk was the optimal concentration for preserving rabbit sperm, with values for overall mobility, progressive motility, viability rate and membrane integrity of 52.31%, 38.74%, 59.32% and 44.79%, respectively. These differences were significant (p < 0.05) compared to the other concentrations. In Experiment 2, the tris citrate glucose (TCG) medium supplemented with 15% egg yolk and combined with 2.5 mM cysteine produced the best results and was significantly (p < 0.05) different from the other concentrations, with overall values for mobility, progressive motility, viability rate and membrane integrity of 63.85%, 45.26%, 74.50% and 51.56%, respectively. Main finding: Using a TCG storage solution enhanced with 15% egg yolk and 2.5 mM cysteine improved rabbit sperm quality during cryopreservation, demonstrating the positive effects of egg yolk and cysteine in sperm cryopreservation.
The Simulation Analysis of Tunnel Wind Cooling System in Shenyang Area

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Applied FLUENT simulation software to research the influence of tunnel length, tunnel entrance velocity, tunnel equivalent diameter and tunnel buried depth four important factors on the tunnel wind cooling system in Shenyang area. The results show that, with the increase of tunnel length and tunnel buried depth and with the decrease of tunnel entrance velocity and tunnel equivalent diameter, the outdoor air which passed into the tunnel cooling amplitude increases. For the tunnel wind cooling system optimization design in Shenyang area and the surrounding areas, the advices are that tunnel buried depth should not be more than 6m and tunnel entrance velocity should not be more than 5m/s.