jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automated testing via JTAG

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the invention of microcontrollers and integral circuit boards, there is a necessity for developing a test procedure for those boards. Microcontrollers are getting very small, which makes fault finding in these boards very difficult. RF Technology Pty. Ltd. is a Sydney based company that develops radio base stations and has seen an increase in their faulty circuit boards. The first aim and objective of this project is to develop a systematic way to find faults in the control circuit board in one of their products. The fault-finding procedure should test the control board by checking the operation of all the chips on the control circuit board and the tracks between the chips. The problem with testing the control circuit board is that it must be taken out of the radio base station, however the control board must be powered on. The solution to this problem and the second aim and objective of this project, is to design another circuit board (test jig) to power the control board while being tested. Designing and manufacturing circuit boards can be very expensive and time-consuming which can lead to problems with the budget and time frame of the project. The solution to this problem and the third aim and objective of this project, is to redesign and assemble a pick and place machine. Due to the complexity of the control circuit board, keeping track of the tests, the test results and the status of the control circuit board is a problem. The solution is to design a Graphical User Interface (GUI) the test result and control circuit board status which is the final task in this project. The fault-finding procedure was developed using the standard called Joint Test Action Group (JTAG). JTAG is an electronics industry association formed in the 1980s for developing a method of checking designs and testing printed circuit boards. Using JTAG five out of seven microcontrollers on the RF Technology control circuit board and the tracks between them were tested. A test jig was designed and manufactured to reliably test the control circuit boards. The result of combining the test procedure, new test jig and the GUI is very significant for RF Technology to test and repair their control circuit boards.
Micromachined Waveguide Integrated RF MEMS Phase Sifter Operating between 500-600 GHz

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a 500-600 GHz submillimeter- wave MEMS-reconfigurable phase shifter. It is the first ever RF MEMS component reported to be operating above 220 GHz. The phase shifter is based on a micromachined rectangular waveguide which is loaded by 9 E-plane stubs, which can be individually blocked by using MEMS–reconfigurable surfaces. The phase-shifter is composed of three metallized silicon chips which are assembled in H-plane cuts of the waveguide.
Pharmacologic doses of recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes [see comments]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Twenty patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) entered a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of high doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Patients completing the trial were eligible to receive rhEPO as part of an open-label study. Eighteen patients were transfusion dependent; 10 had refractory anemia (RA), and 10 had refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS). A response to rhEPO was defined as an increase in hematocrit of 4 percentage points or more over baseline, or the elimination of all transfusions with the hematocrit stable at the baseline level. In the double-blind trial, 1 patient (12.5%) receiving rhEPO responded, as compared with no responses in the placebo group. Overall, responses occurred in 4 of 17 patients (24%) receiving rhEPO at a dose of 1,200 to 1,600 U/kg intravenously (IV) twice weekly. Changes in granulocyte or platelet counts were not observed. Despite the administration of high doses of rhEPO, toxicity attributable to rhEPO was not observed in either the double-blind or open-label study. Response to rhEPO was not significantly related to age, gender, type of MDS, time since diagnosis, time since initiation of transfusion therapy, or baseline serum EPO. These studies indicate that rhEPO can be administered safely in very high doses to patients with MDS and that 24% of these patients will respond with increased erythropoiesis.
Developmental and behavioural characteristics of cri du chat syndrome.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Developmental and behavioural characteristics were assessed in 27 children with cri du chat syndrome using the Society for the Study of Behavioural Phenotypes questionnaire, which gave information on prenatal and perinatal conditions, neurological problems, and developmental and behavioural difficulties. The findings suggest that the behavioural profile of children with cri du chat syndrome incorporates self injurious behaviour, repetitive movements, hypersensitivity to sound, clumsiness, and obsessive attachments to objects. In terms of a developmental profile, children with cri du chat syndrome were able to communicate their needs, socially interact with others, and have some degree of mobility.
Performance measurement using data envelopment analysis and financial statement analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is an analysis of performance measurement in some of Taiwan's electronic companies. Most previous studies concerning company performance measurement focus merely on operational efficiency. Operational effectiveness, however, which might directly influence the survival of a company, is usually ignored. This paper constructs a conceptual framework, based on the Financial Statement Analysis (FSA), to define the meaning of performance. Also, this paper presents a study, which uses an innovative two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model that separates efficiency and effectiveness to evaluate the performance of 59 listed corporations of the electronic industry in Taiwan. The empirical results indicate that a company with a better efficiency does not always have better effectiveness. There is no apparent correlation between these two indicators.
Iterative Shrinking for Referring Expression Grounding Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we are tackling the proposal-free referring expression grounding task, aiming at localizing the target object according to a query sentence, without relying on off-the-shelf object proposals. Existing proposal-free methods employ a query-image matching branch to select the highest-score point in the image feature map as the target box center, with its width and height predicted by another branch. Such methods, however, fail to utilize the contextual relation between the target and reference objects, and lack interpretability on its reasoning procedure. To solve these problems, we propose an iterative shrinking mechanism to localize the target, where the shrinking direction is decided by a reinforcement learning agent, with all contents within the current image patch comprehensively considered. Besides, the sequential shrinking processes enable to demonstrate the reasoning about how to iteratively find the target. Experiments show that the proposed method boosts the accuracy by 4.32% against the previous state-of-the- art (SOTA) method on the RefCOCOg dataset, where query sentences are long and complex with many targets referred by other reference objects.
Hacked Time

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A major reason why people don't use security tools online is that they perceive them as difficult and challenging, resulting in the lack of self-efficacy. Previous research has looked at improving user security attitude and practices through a variety of interventions, including transformational games. These games, targeted at improving security attitude and promoting change through gameplay, offer a new perspective on cybersecurity education. In this research we present the design and evaluation of Hacked Time, a desktop game that uses an integrative approach that incorporates Bandura's self-efficacy design framework to improve player self-efficacy. Using a randomized control trial (n=178), we demonstrate that our game is effective in improving player's security attitude and self-efficacy for using cybersecurity tools. We discuss how our design pattern can serve as an exemplar to enhance player self-efficacy in other fields.
P19  A study for the effect of tongue cleaning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate breath odor reduction after giving tongue cleaning instruction to adults. The breath odor of 26 subjects (ages 19–77) was measured before and after tongue cleaning instruction. They were instructed to scrape away tongue coating with a Dental Pro multi‐tufted tongue brush (Jacks co. Ltd.) once or twice a day. They used the tongue brush until they could see no more plaque on their tongue. Oral malodor was evaluated using: two portable sulphide monitors (Halimeter RH‐17, Interscan Co.) and Brethtron, (Yoshida Co.), gas chromatography (GC‐8A, Shimazu) and organoleptic measurements. Organoleptic measurements were estimated on a scale of 0 to 5 as follows : 0 = no odor, 1 = barely noticeable odor, 2 = slight odor, 3 = moderate odor, 4 = strong odor, 5 = severe odor. The subjects were asked to refrain from brushing, eating, drinking, smoking and using mouthwash 2 h before each examination. Tongue coating status was evaluated in five grades by inspection, according to distribution area and thickness of tongue coating. Probing depth, bleeding on probing and dental plaque were assessed. One week of tongue cleaning resulted in reductions in tongue coating status and breath odor. As a result of the before and after measurements, no correlation was observed between tongue cleaning as instructed and bleeding on probing or dental plaque. According to a questionnaire given 1 week after the study, tongue coating status had reverted to pre‐cleaning condition in about 1 day. Therefore, we concluded that tongue cleaning should be done at least once a day to control breath odor.
Development of tools for the analysis of cell-free DNA in human blood : Application in the noninvasive prenatal testing field

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood and the advent of massive parallel sequencing technologies has revolutionized the prenatal screening field by providing a better risk assessment of fetal chromosomal alterations than traditional first trimester screening alone and, as a consequence, potentially reducing the number of women unnecessarily undergoing confirmatory invasive diagnostic tests. The so-called noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) field is nowadays being exploited by worldwide companies racing to offer cfDNA tests covering an increasing number of fetal conditions, not without ethical concerns. This Thesis explores the use of targeted sequencing of Alu elements as an alternative cost-effective methodology for extracting biological information contained in cfDNA that can be applied in the NIPT field but also in other relevant clinical settings like cancer.
FLUORODENSITOMETRIC ASSAY OF PATULIN IN APPLE PRODUCTS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A fluorodensitometric assay was developed for quantitative analysis of patulin in apple products. The procedure involves extraction of patulin from apple products with ethyl acetate, cleanup with silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin‐layer chromatography. A fluorescent derivative, obtained by exposure of patulin on thin‐layer chromatographic plates to concentrated ammonia fumes, permits convenient quantitative fluorodensitometric assay of patulin. The detection limits were 0.1 μg of pure patulin and 1.0 mg of patulin per liter of apple juice. The mean fluorodensitometric recovery of patulin from apple juice was 97.5%.
Structural Characterisation of Alkaloids in Leaves and Roots of Stephania kwangsiensis by LC‐QTOF‐MS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The tuberous roots of Stephania kwangsiensis , which contain bioactive alkaloids, are used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Overexploitation of the roots has made the plant increasingly rare, and the abundant leaves of the same plant may offer a potential alternative. However, there is insufficient phytochemical information for a comparison of alkaloid compositions in the two parts. Objective To characterise and compare the alkaloids in the leaves and roots of S. kwangsiensis . Methods The alkaloids in S. kwangsiensis were characterised using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐(+)ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The alkaloid compositions in the leaves and roots were compared by visual inspection combined with principal component analysis (PCA) of the HPLC‐MS data. Results Seventy‐five alkaloids comprising aporphine‐, proaporphine‐, protoberberine‐, benzylisoquinoline‐, bisbenzylisoquinoline‐ and morphine‐type alkaloids were identified or tentatively identified in the roots and leaves of S. kwangsiensis . Sixty‐three of these alkaloids have not been previously reported in this species, and three have not been previously reported in the literature. The roots and leaves had similarities in alkaloid composition but differences in the peak intensities of most alkaloids. The PCA revealed that the samples were clustered into two distinct groups, which corresponded to leaves and roots. Conclusion This study further clarified the chemical constituents in the roots of S. kwangsiensis , and revealed that diverse alkaloids were also present in the leaves. The comparative chemical profiling of the two parts provides useful information on their potential medicinal use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decoding Movement Trajectories Through a T-Maze Using Point Process Filters Applied to Place Field Data from Rat Hippocampal Region CA1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Firing activity from neural ensembles in rat hippocampus has been previously used to determine an animal's position in an open environment and separately to predict future behavioral decisions. However, a unified statistical procedure to combine information about position and behavior in environments with complex topological features from ensemble hippocampal activity has yet to be described. Here we present a two-stage computational framework that uses point process filters to simultaneously estimate the animal's location and predict future behavior from ensemble neural spiking activity. First, in the encoding stage, we linearized a two-dimensional T-maze, and used spline-based generalized linear models to characterize the place-field structure of different neurons. All of these neurons displayed highly specific position-dependent firing, which frequently had several peaks at multiple locations along the maze. When the rat was at the stem of the T-maze, the firing activity of several of these neurons also varied significantly as a function of the direction it would turn at the decision point, as detected by ANOVA. Second, in the decoding stage, we developed a state-space model for the animal's movement along a T-maze and used point process filters to accurately reconstruct both the location of the animal and the probability of the next decision. The filter yielded exact full posterior densities that were highly nongaussian and often multimodal. Our computational framework provides a reliable approach for characterizing and extracting information from ensembles of neurons with spatially specific context or task-dependent firing activity.
Resistance developments in Estonia’s population of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 111 local pollen beetle populations were collected from both winter and spring oilseed rape fields, in the main oilseed growing regions of Estonia between 2015−2019. The objective was to analyse the insecticide-susceptibility of the pollen beetle population (in the form of Brassicogethes aeneus). The pollen beetle samples were tested for sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and chlorpyrifos. The efficacy of the tested insecticides varied considerably by region. We observed a clear decrease in susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid, but sensitivity to chlorpyrifos remained stable throughout the period between 2015 and 2019. Amongst the tested samples in that period, a total of 3% were classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, 18% as moderately resistant, 70% as resistant, and 7% as highly resistant. In the case of thiacloprid, 21% of the samples were highly susceptible to the insecticide, 39% were susceptible, and 41% had reduced levels of susceptibility to the insecticide. The information which was presented tended to confirm the ongoing evolution of insecticide resistance in the B. aeneus population in Estonia, while also highlighting the importance of data-based decisions when optimising insecticide resistance management in the field.
Down‐regulation of interferon tau gene transcription with a transcription factor, EOMES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Interferon tau (IFNT), produced for a short interval during early pregnancy by the ruminant embryonic trophectoderm, is essential for the maintenance of early pregnancy, but the mechanism by which it is transcriptionally regulated has not been fully determined. To identify a transcription factor(s) involved in the down‐regulation of IFNT genes, mRNAs for various known transcription factors were investigated by reverse‐transcriptase and real‐time PCR in conceptus tissues collected on Days 15, 17, and 21, or Days 17, 20, and 22 of ovine or bovine pregnancy, respectively. In particular, the T‐box protein eomesodermin ( EOMES ) exhibited high mRNA expression in Day 17 or 22 ovine or bovine conceptuses. Interaction between EOMES and the identified transcription factors was studied using transient transfection, revealing that ovine/bovine IFNT ‐reporter transactivation was down‐regulated by EOMES. Transcription factor interactions with EOMES were further studied through immunoprecipitation, demonstrating an association between EOMES and cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB)‐binding protein (CREBBP). Uterine flushing media collected from cyclic or early pregnancy animals were added to bovine trophoblast CT‐1 cells cultured on type‐I collagen (monoculture) or bovine uterine epithelial cells (coculture) in an attempt to regulate EOMES expression. In the coculture, but not the monoculture, addition of uterine flushing from Day 17 pregnant animals resulted in increased EOMES expression in CT‐1 cells. These results suggest that as conceptuses attach to the uterine epithelium, IFNT gene transcription is down‐regulated by an increase in EOMES expression and EOMES–CREBBP binding in the attached trophoblast cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 371–383, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .
ADAMTS7-Mediated Complement Factor H Degradation Potentiates Complement Activation to Contributing to Renal Injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Significance Statement Complement factor H (CFH) dysfunction by an incomplete underlying mechanism causes various complement-mediated renal injuries. We identified metalloprotease ADAMTS7 as a novel binding protein of CFH that further degrades CFH and potentiates complement activation. ADAMTS7 deficiency alleviated CFH degradation and renal pathologies in lupus nephritis and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice, but without affecting complement-dependent bactericidal activity. The investigation revealed a novel mechanism to explain CFH dysfunction in complement-mediated renal injuries. ADAMTS7 would be a promising target for anticomplement therapies that would potentially avoid increased risk of infection, which is the drawback of current strategies. Background The dysfunction of complement factor H (CFH), the main soluble complement negative regulator, potentiates various complement-induced renal injuries. However, insights into the underlying mechanism of CFH dysfunction remain limited. In this study, we investigated whether extracellular protease-mediated degradation accounts for CFH dysfunction in complement-mediated renal injuries. Methods An unbiased interactome of lupus mice kidneys identified CFH-binding protease. In vitro cleavage assay clarified CFH degradation. Pristane-induced SLE or renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury models were used in wild-type and ADAMTS7 −/− mice. Results We identified the metalloprotease ADAMTS7 as a CFH-binding protein in lupus kidneys. Moreover, the upregulation of ADAMTS7 correlated with CFH reduction in both lupus mice and patients. Mechanistically, ADAMTS7 is directly bound to CFH complement control protein (CCP) 1–4 domain and degraded CCP 1–7 domain through multiple cleavages. In mice with lupus nephritis or renal I/R injury, ADAMTS7 deficiency alleviated complement activation and related renal pathologies, but without affecting complement-mediated bactericidal activity. Adeno-associated virus–mediated CFH silencing compromised these protective effects of ADAMTS7 knockout against complement-mediated renal injuries in vivo . Conclusion ADAMTS7-mediated CFH degradation potentiates complement activation and related renal injuries. ADAMTS7 would be a promising anticomplement therapeutic target that does not increase bacterial infection risk.
Serological Conversion for Anti-Leptospira Antibodies among Domestic Dogs from Southern Chile, A Prospective Study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background: Infection by Leptospira is relevant in canine medicine. However, prospective studies about leptospirosis in dogs are scarce worldwide.Methods: A prospective study among owned domestic dogs from southern Chile was performed by the Microscopic Agglutination Test: 1) to estimate the rate of serological conversion for anti-Leptospira antibodies in a 6 to 9 month follow-up period, 2) to determine the reactive serovars and, 3) to measure antibody titers in seropositive dogs. There were two samplings: in the first, 192 animals were sampled and 50 re-sampled dogs constituted the second.Results: The rate of serological conversion in the follow-up period was 12.0% (95% Confidence Interval=2.9-21.0%). In the first sampling, the most reactive serovars were Ballum and Canicola. In the second sampling, the most reactive serovar was Icterohaemorragiae. In both samplings, the antibody titers ranged between 1:100 and 1:800, with predominance titers of 1:100 and 1:200. Conclusions: The relatively high rate of serological conversion suggests that the exposure to Leptospira in dogs is present in southern Chile, with a possible endemic presentation of the seropositivity. Preventive measures such as vaccination and to reduce the exposition of pet dogs to reservoirs of the bacteria must be taken, as well to increase the awareness about Leptospira infection among public health institutions, veterinary practitioners and dog owners
Resilience and Redirection: Information Literacy in Louisiana Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reports on a 2012 survey conducted by members of the Louisiana Academic Library and Information Network Consortium (LALINC) to determine the status of the curricular integration of information literacy instruction following numerous budget cuts to Louisiana higher education since 2008. The article also discusses the 2012 deletion of the information literacy requirement from the Louisiana Board of Regents’ general education requirements and provides a comparison of general education and library requirements in the states belonging to the Southern Regional Educational Board (SREB). The authors conclude that a statewide general information literacy requirement is not currently practical for Louisiana higher education.