jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Teaching Loyalty Within A Moral Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Loyalty and Education: Principle and PracticeHow are values to be taught?Moral education would involve providing students with both instruction in the subject-matter of the academic disci plines as well as moral instruction.For example, a connection has been made since the early 1900s between democracy and education.It has been argued that the possibility of a democratic state in which people partici pate and direct political life depends upon an educated citizenry: there needs to be an informed population before choice can be intelligently exer cised.Education is credited with protecting the possibility of loyalty.It is hoped through education that a child will be protected from seeking the selfless devotion of the fanatic or terrorist or from showing the selfishness of the instrumental person who sees no greater cause than self-interest or personal freedom.Durkheim saw education as a moral enterprise in which the importance of the collective body would be affirmed.Dewey saw the educational experience as imparting moral habits that would enable a child to become self-reliant, independent, and self-directed.The problem posed by moral education is that in order for values to be taught, they already need to be a part of the educational experience.Only a certain kind of education could impart values; only a teaching guided by a respect for values could teach values to a student.In the case of loyalty, a 312 teacher would need a sense of the tension between the principle of loyalty, in which an ideal or standard is articulated, and the practice of loyalty in which one determines what is at stake, what are the choices, and what stand to take.If schools are to teach both the principle and practice of ioy alty, then the teacher must be able to evoke the child's life as involving oc casions in which loyalty must be shown or in which loyalty could be at stake.The teaching of loyalty requires the ability to evoke the host of pos sibilities for loyalty in the child's life.
Monitoring the flow patterns of high performance self-compacting concrete in the voids of sloped rock-filled concrete structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rock-filled concrete (RFC) integrates rocks with high-performance self-compacting concrete (HSCC), combining rock stability with superior concrete properties. Effective HSCC cementation, especially in concealed areas, is critical for RFC’s structural integrity, but flow through intricate rock interstices poses challenges in quantifying filling performance. This study investigates HSCC flow on inclined rock surfaces using a real-time monitoring system to track behavior and efficiency. Key factors such as slope, flowability, rock size, and coarse aggregate size were analyzed. Results show that improved flowability enhances cavity filling, smaller rocks increase granular interlocking, and greater slopes accelerate flow velocity but do not ensure uniform filling. Optimal parameters for effective casting are a slump flow of 600–700 mm, rock sizes of 12.5–15 cm, and a rock skeleton slope of 1:2. Lastly, a predictive formula for HSCC flow velocity through inclined rock interstices was developed, providing insights for efficient RFC construction and enhanced structural performance.
Complicated Fill- scour Behaviors of the Huanghe River and the Channel forming Processes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Based on the data from 159 flood events at the Tongguan station on the Huanghe River, we have found the rule to describe the complicated relationship between the fill scour features and the event maximum suspended concentration ( C max ). When the C max is low, the depth of scour is large. With an increased C max , the depth of scour decreases and channel fill occurs. However, when the C max further increases and enters the ranges of hyperconcentrated flows, scour occurs again. Controlled by the foregoing complicated fill scour behaviors, the channel adjustment of the Huanghe River is also complicated. When the suspended concentrations are low, channel scour occurs, and thereby the channel shape tends to be narrower and deeper, and the thalweg more sinuous. When the suspended concentration increases, channel fill occurs, leading to an increase in the channel width depth ratio and a decrease in the channel sinuosity. However, when the suspended concentration further increases and exceeds a certain threshold, channel scour occurs again, and the adjustment of channel morphology turns to the opposite direction. The rules outlined in the paper for the channel adjustment of the lower Huanghe River may provide a new thinking for the regulation of the channel morphology of the lower Huanghe River after the closure of the Xiaolangdi Dam, through the regulation of the lower Huanghe River's water and sediment by choosing some specific operation modes of the reservoir. Either by releasing clear water or by releasing man made hyperconcentrated flows, the downstream channel may tend to be narrower, deeper and more sinuous. If some proper engineering measures are taken afterwards, the channel conditions for a better flood releasing and sediment transport may be greatly improved.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TWO EDIBLE MUSHROOMS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The proximate composition and minerals contents of two edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus) flours used in Egypt were investigated.Also, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water were used to fractionate soluble compounds from the mushrooms in ascending polarity by sequentially extracting.As well as, total phenolic, total flavonoid compounds and the antioxidants activity for these extracts were investigated.The percentage moisture content ranged between 90.47% in Pleurotus ostreatus to 90.55% in Agaricus bisporus.The crude protein ranged from 3.25% in Pleurotus ostreatus to 3.48% in Agaricus bisporus.Total carbohydrates ranged from 5.23% in Agaricus bisporus to 5.35%±0.03 in Pleurotus ostreatus.The most abundant mineral element is potassium (ranging from 2376.8 to 2820.5 mg/100 g on dry weight base (DW) for Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively) followed by Phosphorus (ranging from 537 to 754 mg/100 g on DW for Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus, respectively).The antioxidant activity of different extracts for two mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus) increased gradually as concentration increases.These results compatible with those results recorded for total phenolic compounds of investigated mushroom.In conclusion, mushrooms, in spite of the great variability observed among species, represent an interesting food item that can contribute to the formulation of a well-balanced diet.
CH2CHOH2+ + PN:  A Proton-Transfer Triple Play

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantum chemical calculations are used to explore the proton-transfer reactivity of O-protonated vinyl alcohol, CH2CHOH2+, with phosphorus nitride, PN. This reaction is relevant to the chemical evolution of interstellar clouds, since O-protonated vinyl alcohol has been postulated (and tentatively identified) as a product of the association reaction between interstellar H3O+ and C2H2, while PN is the most widespread and abundant phosphorus-containing molecule seen in astrophysical environments. Furthermore, the reaction exhibits an unusual mechanistic feature, namely, an extended "proton-transport catalysis" mechanism, which we characterize here as a "proton-transfer triple play". The reaction proceeds initially by proton transfer from CH2CHOH2+ to PN, then from PNH+ to CH2CHOH, and finally from CH3CHOH+ to PN, where the emphasized atom indicates the resultant site of protonation/deprotonation. Thus, the ultimate overall bimolecular proton-transfer reaction is expected to occur as CH2CHOH2+ + PN --> CH3CHO + PNH+; that is, the apparent favored product channel exhibits not only proton transfer but also keto/enol tautomerization. The triple-play mechanism can be rationalized in terms of the proton affinities of vinyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, and phosphorus nitride, which here are satisfactorily reproduced by high-level ab initio calculations. Other neutrals with a proton affinity appropriate for the possible triple-play mechanism converting CH2CHOH2+ to CH3CHO are also identified, with a view to encouraging experimental investigation of this mechanism.
Gastrostomy Tubes: Indications, Types, and Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Gastrostomy tube insertion has become a more common practice in pediatric patients. An increasing number of children both in health-care facilities and at home are relying on temporary or long-term enteral feeding. Gastrostomy tube placement can be accomplished by various methods and by a variety of specialists. Despite the overall safety of these procedures, both early and late complications can occur. It is important for pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists to be familiar with and aware of the indications, safety, and management of gastrostomies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the topic.
Quality of reporting of prospective in vivo and ex vivo studies published in the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care over a 10‐year period (2009–2019)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the reporting of key items associated with risk of bias and weak study design over a 10‐year period. Design Literature survey. Setting Not applicable. Animals Not applicable. Interventions Papers published in the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care between 2009 and 2019 were screened for inclusion. Inclusion criteria consisted of prospective experimental studies describing in vivo or ex vivo research (or both), containing at least 2 comparison groups. Identified papers had identifying information (publication date, volume and issue, authors, affiliations) redacted by an individual not involved with paper selection or review. Two reviewers independently reviewed all papers and applied an operationalized checklist to categorize item reporting as fully reported, partially reported, not reported, or not applicable. Items assessed included randomization, blinding, data handling (inclusions and exclusions), and sample size estimation. Differences in assessment between reviewers were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. A secondary aim was to document availability of data used to generate study results. Papers were screened for links to access data in the text and supporting information. Measurements and Main Results After screening, 109 papers were included. Eleven papers were excluded during full‐text review, with 98 papers included in the final analysis. Randomization was fully reported in 31.6% of papers (31/98). Blinding was fully reported in 31.6% of papers (31/98). Inclusion criteria were fully reported in all papers. Exclusion criteria were fully reported in 60.2% of papers (59/98). Sample size estimation was fully reported in 8.0% of papers (6/75). No papers (0/99) made data freely available without a requirement to contact study authors. Conclusions There is substantial room for improvement in reporting of randomization, blinding, data exclusions, and sample size estimations. Evaluation of study quality by readers is limited by the low reporting levels identified, and the risk of bias present indicates a potential for inflated effect sizes.
Supramolecular Complexation in Biological Media: NMR Study on Inclusion of an Anionic Tetraarylporphyrin into a Per‐O‐Methylated β‐Cyclodextrin Cavity in Serum, Blood, and Urine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The supramolecular complexation of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) with heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐ O ‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (TMCD) has been known to be highly specific in aqueous media. In this study, we have used NMR spectroscopy to reveal that this supramolecular system also works even in biologically crowded media such as serum, blood, and urine. A 13 C‐labeled heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐ O ‐methyl‐ 13 C)‐β‐cyclodextrin ( 13 C‐TMCD) was synthesized and studied using one‐dimensional (1D) HMQC spectroscopy in serum and blood. The 1D HMQC spectrum of 13 C‐TMCD showed clear signals due to the 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐O 13 CH 3 groups, whose chemical shifts changed upon addition of TPPS due to quantitative formation of the 13 C‐TMCD/TPPS=2/1 inclusion complex in such biological media. The 1 H NMR signals of non‐isotope‐labeled TPPS included by 13 C‐TMCD were detected using the 13 C‐filtered ROESY technique. A pharmacokinetic study of 13 C‐TMCD and its complex with TPPS was carried out in mice using the 1D HMQC method. The results indicated that (1) 1D HMQC is an effective technique for monitoring the inclusion phenomena of 13 C‐labeled cyclodextrin in biological media and (2) the intermolecular interaction between 13 C‐TMCD and TPPS is highly selective even in contaminated media like blood, serum, and urine.
Officers of the Russian Imperial army as part of the confrontation sides of the Tambov rebellion of 1920–1921

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider a new aspect of the well-studied themе, related to objective circumstances and subjective motives for choosing a life position in the Civil war: the entry of former officers of the Russian Imperial army into the ranks of the Soviet or rebel armed forces. First of all, contradic-tions in information about the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary military service of a se-lected circle of persons are revealed. With a sufficient degree of accuracy, 16 former officers who became the leaders of the suppression of the “Antonovshchina” in 1920–1921 and a maximum of 23 rebel commanders from the ranks of officers of the “old” army are identified. Differences of the social and professional image of the commanders of the opposing sides are established. Among the Soviet commanders, career officers from different classes prevailed, including 5 peasants (only 1 – Russian), of non-Tambov origin, who entered the region no earlier than 1917. On the contrary, among the rebel military leaders, all, except for one tradesman, came from the peasant class (only 3 were not from the Tambov Governorate). However, the loyalty of some former rebel commanders to their political leadership was low. Therefore, the study specially analyzes the “psychology of betrayal” of such people who went over to the side of the Soviet troops. The military leaders of the suppression of the Tambov rebellion, who came from the officer environment, made a choice in favor of Soviet power in 1917–1918 and by 1920 they repeatedly showed loyalty to the “workers’ and peasants’ state”. However, for the time being, this state recognized the devotion of, in principle, alien to it “gold-chasers”. In the 1930s almost all officers who took part in the suppression of the Tambov rebellion became victims of political repression.
Gut microbiota impacts bone via Bacteroides vulgatus-valeric acid-related pathways

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We performed integrative analyses in a Chinese cohort (n = 517) of peri-/post-menopausal women with metagenomics/targeted metabolomics to identify novel microbiome-related biomarkers for bone health. We also performed validations in US Caucasians (n = 59).
Ex-Slave Pension Frauds

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 1910 Ex-Slave Pension Frauds Walter L. Fleming Walter L. Fleming Professor of History in the Louisiana State University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1910) 9 (2): 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-9-2-123 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Walter L. Fleming; Ex-Slave Pension Frauds. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 April 1910; 9 (2): 123–135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-9-2-123 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1910 by Duke University Press1910 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
CSR communication and firms’ ability to win public procurement contracts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to examine the link between the corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication efforts of companies and their ability to obtain public procurement contracts. Design/methodology/approach The authors are exploiting a database with the number of public procurement contracts won by SBF 120 companies in France and a constructed CSR index over the period of 2007–2015. The authors provide estimates of the amount of public contracts won by those companies. Findings The results suggest a striking influence of CSR communication on the ability of firms to win contracts. Research limitations/implications This study focused on the case of the SBF 120 companies under the French regulatory system and European directives, which are different from the obligations in North American countries. Second, our constructed CSR index may be too simplistic in nature, and its application is limited only to the French context. Third, we do not have any evidence about the efficiency of well-ranked firms in our study. CSR reporting is still considered to be a form of communication, even if formal, that can contain information that does not especially reflect reality, as the scandals of several companies have shown in recent years (e.g. Volkswagen, Eiffage, Enron). Practical implications Companies should consider Business-to-Government (B-to-G) market when investing in CSR actions. Originality/value This is one of the first empirical studies measuring the impact of CSR on the ability of companies to win public contracts.
Estimated Revenue of the Nonprofit Homeless Shelter Industry in the United States: Implications for a More Comprehensive Approach to Unmet Shelter Demand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study merged data from the 2015 Housing Inventory Count, a list of temporary housing programs serving homeless persons nationally, and the Internal Revenue Service Form 990 tax filings for nonprofit organizations that same year. Matching records were used to develop estimates of various organizational measures per bed, adjusting for outliers, including revenues by source, expenditures by type, number of employees, employee compensation, and number of volunteers. Average values of these measures per bed by program type and by target population were extrapolated to the overall inventory to generate sector-wide estimates. Based on various measures of central tendency and after addressing outliers, a best guess of total revenues for nonprofit temporary housing providers is estimated at approximately $8.5 billion in 2015. As many as 160, 000 people are employed by nonprofit shelters, or 0.4 persons per bed, with average annual compensation of approximately $24, 000. Universal bed coverage for unsheltered persons is estimated to cost an additional $3.3–$4.5 billion annually.
A useful extension to Prolog's definite clause grammar notation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

article Free Access Share on A useful extension to Prolog's definite clause grammar notation Author: P. Van Roy Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 24Issue 11Nov. 1989 pp 132–134https://doi.org/10.1145/71605.71617Online:01 November 1989Publication History 7citation321DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads321Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Further Experiments in X-ray Screen Photography (1011 subjects with Control Direct Radiographs)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In an article published in February of this year (1941), and under a similar title, the result of the examination of eighty subjects was discussed from the point of view of both photo-radiographic technique and radiological interpretation. It was felt at the time, however, that this investigation should be extended to a much larger group of subjects to enable the diagnostic quality of the miniature radiographs to be put to a further test, particularly as applied to presumably normal subjects. In this connection, although staff and X-ray plant were available, the experimental unit concerned was not transportable, and it was necessary to bring the subjects to the unit in London. This created a difficulty which at one time seemed to be insurmountable. However, by good fortune, the Norwegian Seamen's Bureau and Medical Service Department came to our assistance, and there was no longer any dearth of suitable subjects for a mass examination. Negotiations with the Norwegian medical staff were successful, and, indeed, the experiment proved to be of mutual interest. By this arrangement 771 Norwegians have been examined, among them the group of men who escaped from the Lofoten Islands during March 1941. Apart from this fine group of seamen, the majority of whom were of outstanding physique, other subjects of both sexes have been examined, including students, office workers, factory hands, etc., totalling 240. The number examined at one time has varied considerably.
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Four Antibiotics against Borrelia burgdorferi : a Comparison of Results for the Three Genospecies Borrelia afzelii , Borrelia garinii , and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were evaluated for the four antibiotics azithromycin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline against the three main genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In MBC testing, statistically significant differences between the genospecies could be found in 7 out of 12 comparative evaluations ( P < 0.05).
How Good is Jarzynski’s Equality for Computer-Aided Drug Design?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Accurate determination of the binding affinity of the ligand to the receptor remains a difficult problem in computer-aided drug design. Here, we study and compare the efficiency of Jarzynski's equality (JE) combined with steered molecular dynamics and the linear interaction energy (LIE) method by assessing the binding affinity of 23 small compounds to six receptors, including β-lactamase, thrombin, factor Xa, HIV-1 protease (HIV), myeloid cell leukemia-1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 proteins. It was shown that Jarzynski's nonequilibrium binding free energy ΔGneqJar correlates with the available experimental data with the correlation levels R = 0.89, 0.86, 0.83, 0.80, 0.83, and 0.81 for six data sets, while for the binding free energy ΔGLIE obtained by the LIE method, we have R = 0.73, 0.80, 0.42, 0.23, 0.85, and 0.01. Therefore, JE is recommended to be used for ranking binding affinities as it provides accurate and robust results. In contrast, LIE is not as reliable as JE, and it should be used with caution, especially when it comes to new systems.