jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic rates and treatment of dementia before and after launch of a national dementia policy: an observational study using English national databases

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the 2009 National Dementia Strategy's (NDS) impact on dementia diagnosis and treatment. Setting and participants Primary care data for England before and after launch of the NDS. Primary outcome measures We used nationally available data to estimate the trends over time in rates of dementia diagnoses recorded on the Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) in Primary Care Trusts (PCT) and antidementia medication prescriptions from 2006/2007 (the first available figures) and the associated increase in cost relative to all other prescriptions. To establish PCT general practitioner (GP) QOF dementia recording validity, we correlated it with medication prescription using the NIC (net ingredient cost). Results Regression analysis showed that dementia diagnosis rate was lower prior to launch of the NDS and increased significantly after it was launched. The number of antidementia prescriptions and the cost of antidementia drugs relative to total PCT prescribing costs increased significantly after 2009. GP recording of dementia diagnosis correlated highly with prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in the same area (p<0.001 each year). Conclusions The launch of the NDS was associated with a significant increase in dementia diagnosis rates and prescriptions of antidementia drugs. We cannot establish the causality but this was a change from the prelaunch pattern. Further assessment of any intervention to increase the diagnoses should include an assessment of harm as well as potential benefit.
Testing Self-Report Time-Use Diaries against Objective Instruments in Real Time

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study provides a new test of time-use diary methodology, comparing diaries with a pair of objective criterion measures: wearable cameras and accelerometers. A volunteer sample of respondents ( n = 148) completed conventional self-report paper time-use diaries using the standard UK Harmonised European Time Use Study (HETUS) instrument. On the diary day, respondents wore a camera that continuously recorded images of their activities during waking hours (approximately 1,500–2,000 images/day) and also an accelerometer that tracked their physical activity continuously throughout the 24-hour period covered by the diary. Of the initial 148 participants recruited, 131 returned usable diary and camera records, of whom 124 also provided a usable whole-day accelerometer record. The comparison of the diary data with the camera and accelerometer records strongly supports the use of diary methodology at both the aggregate (sample) and individual levels. It provides evidence that time-use data could be used to complement physical activity questionnaires for providing population-level estimates of physical activity. It also implies new opportunities for investigating techniques for calibrating metabolic equivalent of task (MET) attributions to daily activities using large-scale, population-representative time-use diary studies.
Cardiovascular Events After Bariatric Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Right to Health: The Problem of Access to Primary Medical Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This book is a documented evaluation of legislative and other social programs (most of which were launched during the 1960s) that aim to increase access to primary health care. Although the authors find some bright spots and useful lessons, they indict the fragmentary, uncoordinated, and inadequate way we have gone about this business. Particularly wasteful has been the almost universal failure to include requirements for evaluation in new social legislation. The heart of the present book is the central section in which Charles Lewis, MD, a specialist in health services research, presents the limited data we have available with which to evaluate the various programs. Six of these he classifies as designed to improve the supply of services. Here the record is very disappointing. A marked increase in the numbers of physicians trained, practice commitment, with or without loan forgiveness, rural preceptorships for medical students, and the National Health Service
Radio frequency mini ion engines for fine attitudecontrol and formation flying applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many of ESA’s and NASA’s future missions are based on Formation flying, Fine attitude control and (fine) Drag compensation. As prominent examples one could mention LISA, DARWIN, PROBA-III, etc. For all these applications there is a need for propulsion system with: - High thrust accuracy and - High thrust controllability Taking into account, that up to 16 of these thrusters are needed for every space craft, there would be other requirements necessary: - Low mass, - High ISP, - Low power consumption All these requirements combined with high mission durations of up to 10 years, which enforce a life time of over 20,000hrs show the challenges, which the thruster and system designers are confronted with. University of Giessen started 2004 the works on micro Newton ion thrusters based on Radio frequency discharge. The works leaded to a miniaturized RF ion source with very low power consumption and mass, which is under industrialization to higher TR Levels under ESA contracts. The performance of such a small thruster will be presented in this paper. From the other side the whole system architecture for such a propulsion system will be discussed.
Slurry photocatalytic membrane reactor technology for cytotoxic drugs removal from wastewater

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The potential of slurry photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMR) to degrade cytostatic drugs is presented in this work as an emerging technology for wastewater treatment. Cytostatic drugs are pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) commonly used in cancer treatment. Such compounds and their metabolites, as well as their degraded by-products have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Therefore, safe strategies should be developed in order to collect and degrade the micro-pollutants using appropriate treatment technologies. In this study, a lab scale slurry PMR has been used to degrade 5 cytostatic drugs commonly delivered in Belgian hospitals: cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, gemcitabine and ifosfamide. The slurry photoreactor and tubular membrane module were studied separately in batch modes. Firstly the decrease of UV absorbance (at 200 nm) was used as an indicator of cyclophosphamide removal in order to define optimal operating conditions: pH 7, TiO2 catalyst load 1,5 g/L, UV-c light (10 watts). Afterwards, these conditions were applied for successful treatment of a mix of 5 cytostatic drugs (100 µg/L) measured by liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS). Beside experiments were also performed on tubular ceramic membranes. Low transmembrane flux stabilization (21 hours) were observed with pure water. Moreover 100 kDa membranes were able to reject suspended TiO2 catalyst with no critical flux observed. From these results, it is possible to conclude that a UV absorbance decrease is an indicator to cytostatic drug degradation. In addition the two independent studies on photoreactor and membrane module indicate that high cytostatic removal could be obtained when studying a fully integrated slurry PMR treatment. Furthermore, key recommendations will be presented in order to develop advanced water treatment powered by renewable energy. and made of long lifetime materials.
Sources of Self-Efficacy Information for Writing: A Qualitative Inquiry

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study explored the sources of information that inform students’ self-efficacy beliefs in the area of writing. A qualitative phenomenological case study approach was use to capture the experiences of gifted middle school students.\nWriting is a critical skill for success in school and beyond, and many students in the United States are not able to adequately write extended texts (Bruning & Horn, 2000; National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). Understanding students’ motivation for engaging with writing might provide insight into how to better support students’ experience with writing in school. Self-efficacy is a key construct within motivation, and it has been found to be predictive of persistence, completion, and performance (Bruning, Dempsey, Kauffman, McKin & Zumbrunn, 2013; Klassen, 2002; Pajares, 2003). Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s perception of his or her ability to succeed at a given task (Bandura, 1977). Bandura hypothesized that students form their self-efficacy beliefs by interpreting information from four sources: mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, and physiological and emotional states.\nThe central question of this study was: What are the salient sources of information that students use to form beliefs about their own writing abilities? Thirty-nine students were surveyed about their writing self-efficacy, and four students were purposefully sampled to participate in a semi-structured interview. The students’ English teacher was also interviewed. Findings confirmed that these students used the four hypothesized sources of information to form their self-efficacy beliefs. Two additional sources of information emerged from the data: self-regulated learning strategies and different types of writing assignments. Different sources of information were salient for each student, and the importance of sources appeared to be connected to their learning and goal orientations. The findings capture the experience of four middle school students and extend the ideas of social cognitive theory.\nAdvisor: Kathleen M. Rudasill
Compactness and generic finiteness for free boundary minimal hypersurfaces (II)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary, we prove that the limit of a sequence of embedded, almost properly embedded free boundary minimal hypersurfaces, with uniform area and Morse index upper bound, always inherits a non-trivial Jacobi field. To approach this, we prove a one-sided Harnack inequality for minimal graphs on balls with many holes.
The Fundamental Building Blocks of Galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Most stars form in compact, dense embedded clusters with memberships ranging from a dozen stars to many millions of stars. Embedded clusters containing more than a few hundred stars also contain O stars that disrupt the nebula abruptly. There are observational indications that the expulsion of gas from such clusters may occur within, or even quicker than, a stellar crossing-time scale. Because the star-formation efficiency is empirically deduced to be typically lower than 40 per cent, such clusters are left severely out of dynamical equilibrium with a super-virial velocity dispersion when they are exposed. As a consequence, they expand drastically. The velocity dispersion of expanding star-burst clusters may achieve values of a few tens km/s, which would have a significant impact on the stellar velocity distribution function and therefore the morphology of a galaxy. An application of these ideas to the vertical structure of the Milky Way (MW) disk suggests that such popping star clusters may constitute the missing heat source for understanding the age-velocity-dispersion relation. If the early MW disk experienced a vigorous epoch of star formation then perhaps even the thick disk may have formed from popping clusters. Thus we have an alternative hypothesis to understanding thick disks which does not rely on, or may act in addition to, sinking galaxy satellites or sinking cosmological sub-structures. The GAIA mission will test this hypothesis by allowing the kinematical fields around young clusters to be mapped to exquisite precision.
North African saffron: chemical characterization, pharmacological properties and toxicity assessment conducted by in silico and in vitro methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Crocus sativus (saffron), a member of the Iridaceae family, is widely recognized for its color, aroma, and taste, making it a valuable natural flavoring agent. This study investigates the bioactive potential of saffron petal and stigma extracts, focusing on their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antilipase activities, along with pharmacokinetic properties and safety assessments. GC-MS analysis identified 50 compounds in petals and 28 in stigmas. Major petal constituents included 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylbenzo[b]phenanthridine-5,7–12-trione (21.89%) and 1,2,3-Triphenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole (13.65%), while stigmas were dominated by 2-Propanol, 1,1’-oxybis- (77.47%) and 8,11-Dimethyl-9,10 diphenyldicyclo[5.4.0]dodeca-2,5,7(1),8,10-pentaene (19.69%). Antioxidant evaluations revealed that the methanolic petal extract exhibited the strongest ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 20.31 ± 2.39 µg/mL), whereas the stigma extract performed best in the phenanthroline assay (A₀.₅: 27.06 ± 1.44 µg/mL). Enzymatic inhibition studies indicated that only methanolic stigma extract significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC₅₀ values of 131.82 ± 3.03 µg/mL and 19.76 ± 1.20 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the methanolic stigma extract demonstrated promising antilipase activity. ADMET predictions confirmed the safety of these extracts, revealing no mutagenicity and high LD₅₀ values, indicating their potential for therapeutic applications. These findings suggest that saffron bioactive compounds could be utilized in food preservation and the development of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. Further in vivo studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore clinical applications.
A Relationship Study on Marketing Strategy Management towards Customer Relationship Management and Perceived Value

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the promotion of economic liberalization and internationalization, consumer demands have become complex and diversified. Businesses have to actively promote themselves and bring forth new marketing tactics to attract buying and cope with fierce competition so as to enhance the global competitiveness and implement the idea of sustainable operation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between marketing strategy management, customer relationship management, and perceived value. Aiming at Suzhou Industrial Park, the executives and employees of the manufacturers are distributed 500 copies of questionnaire for this study, and 367 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 73%. The research results show the significant correlations between 1. marketing strategy management and customer relationship management, 2. customer relationship management and perceived value, and 3. marketing strategy management and perceived value. Aiming at above results, suggestions are proposed to create better organizational performance for a business.
A Comparison of Accuracy Rates Between Detection of Deception Examinations Using the Polygraph and the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer in a Mock Crime Scenario.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The accuracy and consensus of decisions rendered between examinations administered using the traditional polygraph instrument and the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer (CVSA) were examined. One hundred twenty subjects were given detection of deception examinations either on the polygraph instrument or the CVSA. Subjects were divided into two groups, with one group participating in a mock theft and instructed to be deceptive about their participation in that crime. The remaining group was told that a crime had been committed, but they did not participate in any way. This group was instructed to be truthful about not being involved in the theft. Half of each group of subjects were tested in a Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) examination using the polygraph instrument and the remaining half were tested using the CVSA instrument. Groups were counterbalanced for gender. Six blind scorers, three trained in polygraph use and three trained in use of the CVSA, independently rendered decisions for subjects' examinations. Neither group of blind scorers achieved overall accuracy rates better than chance levels. A significant interrater agreement among the three blind examiners within each instrument type was found using the Kappa statistic for multiple raters (p less than .05).
A conceptual study on national rural drinking water program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is important to know Rural Drinking Water is the item of State list but For improving the coverage of adequate and safe drinking water for drinking, cooking and other basic needs at the all time and in the each and every situation (even at the time of disaster) to the rural population or household. In this area Ministry of drinking water and sanitation provides technical & financial assistance through a Centrally Sponsored Scheme named ‘National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP)’. The Program was launched on 01.04.2009 and restructured in November 2017 since the program was started in 1972-73 as accelerating rural water supply program.This study was conducted to review the scholarly article and reports to draw a conceptual structure about the scheme with the objective to know the basic fundamentals behind the program, to know the success rate of the program and to know about the barrier to achieving the ultimate goal of the program. A systematic approach was made in this article to capture and draw theoretical base about National rural drinking water program (NRDWP) on the basis of secondary sources. Data were collected from the periodicals, journal articles, governmental report (like as Comptroller and Auditor Journal of India’s report) and non- governmental reports (like different privately funded research institutions report). The present study attempts to portray the conceptual structure of NRDWP in the field of drinking water and sanitation management under the umbrella of sustainable development goal.
Free movement of workers and the RESAVER scheme for researchers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to introduce the key features of the Retirement Savings Vehicle for European Research Institutions (RESAVER) that went live in September 2016. The pension fund was established for European researchers to allow them to accumulate their retirement provisions in one place, while changing jobs and moving between countries. The research used a qualitative methodology, analysing documents and legislation concerning social security in Europe. It describes how the measures taken by Member States to deal with the challenges facing the financial sustainability of pension systems are creating obstacles to workers’ mobility. The analysis of the feasibility study for the creation of a pan-European pension vehicle shows that it is possible to achieve a minimum harmonisation in pension rights. The successful implementation of this Retirement Savings Vehicle is likely lead to two main results. First, it could dissolve existing barriers to workers’ mobility and, secondly, it could ensure the financial adequacy for future pensions. In addition, it is highly likely that such cross-border pension product would foster the creation of a true European labour market.
Is the critique against the current system of Investment Treaty Arbitration legitimate? A study focusing on the financial crisis in Argentina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Detta examensarbete behandlar olika aspekter av internationell investeringsrätt. Bilaterala eller regionala investeringsavtal tillsammans med internationell sedvanerätt reglerar mestadels rättsområdet. Sedvanerätten är inte harmoniserad på området vilket gör den osäker för investerare. För att främja investeringar och göra investeringar säkrare började länder förhandla bilaterala investeringsavtal, BITs, i slutet av 1950-talet. Genom BITs har det blivit möjligt för investerare att väcka talan direkt mot en stat för avtalsbrott. Tvisten kommer i många fall att avgöras genom skiljedom, t.ex. av ICSID. Skiljedom av annan institution än ICSID kommer sannolikt att vara konfidentiell. Det har riktats en hel del kritik mot skiljedomsförfarandet i investeringsavtalen. Gus Van Harten är en av de mest kritiserande författarna. Han hävdar att domstolar, inte skiljedomare, ska lösa tvister som kan påverka allmänheten. Skiljedomsförfarandet i BIT uppfyller inte grundläggande funktioner för tvistlösning, eftersom den brister i ansvarstagande, öppenhet, samstämmighet och oberoende enligt van Harten. Sättet att lösa investeringstvister genom skiljedom är olikt något annat system inom internationell rätt mycket på grund av att systemet ger privata aktörer mycket makt. Van Harten hävdar vidare att det finns en partiskhet till förmån för investerarna. Detta på grund av skiljemännens brist på ämbetsinnehav, vilket gör dem beroende av framtida fall. Då det enbart är investeraren som kan stämma värdlandet dömer skiljedomare till fördel för investeraren för att säkra framtida uppdrag. Han säger också att systemet kan innebära påfrestningar på ekonomin i värdländerna på grund av systemets höga skadestånd och starka verkställbarhet. Systemet möjliggör även för forum shopping enligt van Harten. Det finns många författare och jurister som är positiva till systemet som hävdar att van Harten saknar bevis för vad han påstår. De menar att det fungerar bra, åtminstone om man jämför med det tidigare systemet med diplomatiskt skydd. Vid användning av diplomatiskt skydd är investerarna beroende av hemlandet för att väcka talan mot ett värdland om detta begår brott mot det bilaterala investeringsavtalet. Partiskheten till förmån för investerare som van Harten påstår visas inte genom existerande skiljedomar enligt hans kritiker. För att kunna utvärdera vems argument som är korrekt har en fallstudie av det land med flest skiljedomar emot sig, Argentina, genomförts. Studien visar att van Harten har rätt i mycket av sin kritik, det han påstår är dock överdrivet. Systemet med skiljedomar inom investeringsrätten är fortfarande ungt och utvecklas ständigt. Det har många brister, men är bättre än de förra. Systemet fungerar för bra för att ersättas med ett nytt, ett byte skulle riskera en minskning av utländska investeringar då skyddet skulle vara osäkert.