jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cobalt-Doped Aluminum Aerogels as Photocatalyst Fabricated by a Liquid Metal Reaction Method in the Laboratory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pollution and its treatment have been major challenges for society over the past few decades. We designed a laboratory experiment for junior and senior undergraduates who major in physics, chemistry engineering, or material science, aiming to improve students' interests in material exploration and photocatalyst development and characterization. In order to ensure that students can understand systematic learning, our entire experiment includes sample synthesis and characterization. We introduced the students to an experiment to develop a method to fabricate cobalt-doped aluminum hydroxide aerogels by using liquid metal as the precursor and sacrificial agent, which is extremely simple and environmentally green compared to conventional aerogel synthesis methods. The physical properties of the synthesized samples are studied by various characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–visible light spectroscopy. The degradation results of our samples under different conditions illustrate the photocatalytic mechanism of cobalt-doped aluminum hydroxide aerogels and show that the photocatalytic efficiency can be significantly enhanced by a moderate doping ratio of cobalt. This interdisciplinary experiment provides students with design ideas for efficient photocatalytic materials and provides a new way to familiarize themselves with the general process of material synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic degradation. It is also a good training for shaping students' ability of literature reading, hands-on experiments, data collection, and their analyzing ability of fundamental mechanisms beneath the experimental phenomena.
Protracted HBsAg-aemia in a Patient with Acute Hepatitis B

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. This clinical observation was aimed at analysing the course of the disease in a patient with a protracted persistence of HBsAg and HBV DNA in the blood in the outcome of acute hepatitis B and the possible formation of a latent HBV infection in the phase of clinical recovery. General findings . We carried out a 31-month observation study of a patient suffering from acute hepatitis B. Subsequently, we performed a dynamic assessment of the viral kinetics and qualitative and quantitative assessment of HBsAg in the blood using highly sensitive analytical methods. These methods allowed a protracted persistence of HBV DNA in the blood and a late seroconversion of HBsAg/anti-HBs to be revealed. Conclusion. The described clinical case demonstrates the possibility of an atypically protracted persistence of HBsAg in the outcome of acute hepatitis B, which is followed by a clinical and laboratory picture of recovery and the formation of latent chronic HBV infection, as an example of the 5th phase of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg-negative), according to a new classification, reflected in the clinical guidelines for the treatment of hepatitis B (EASL 2017).
Validation of acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II scoring system software developed at The Aga Khan University, Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess the predictive performance of Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) software available on the hospital intranet and analyze interrater reliability of calculating the APACHE II score by the gold standard manual method or automatically using the software. Materials and Methods: An expert scorer not involved in the data collection had calculated APACHE II score of 213 patients admitted to surgical Intensive Care Unit using the gold standard manual method for a previous study performed in the department. The same data were entered into the computer software available on the hospital intranet (http://intranet/apacheii) to recalculate the APACHE II score automatically along with the predicted mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistical test and Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed. Results: The 213 patients had an average APACHE II score of 17.20 ± 8.24, the overall mortality rate was 32.8% and standardized mortality ratio was 1.00. The area under the ROC curve of 0.827 was significantly >0.5 ( P < 0.01) and had confidence interval of 0.77-0.88. The goodness-of-fit test showed a good calibration (H = 5.46, P = 0.71). Interrater reliability using Pearson's product moment correlations demonstrated a strong positive relationship between the computer and the manual expert scorer ( r = 0.98, P = 0.0005). Conclusion: APACHE II software available on the hospital's intranet has satisfactory calibration and discrimination and interrater reliability is good when compared with the gold standard manual method.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES OF THE STATE TO SUPPORT TOURISM BUSINESS IN A PANDEMIC: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research is aimed at revealing the peculiarities of state support of tourist business by the governments of the world, which aims to overcome the consequences of the pandemic crisis “COVID-19” for the industry. It has been established that the measures developed by the governments and international profile institutes have a patronizing character and provide assistance to the tourist business in the following directions – management of the crisis and mitigation of its consequences; providing incentives to accelerate the recovery of the industry. It is determined that the methods of legal and economic orientation, among which tax and financial and credit policy have the greatest effectiveness in the implementation of the specified. The study summarizes the experience of state support of the tourism sector in several countries, in particular Germany, Poland, Georgia, Austria and Slovakia. It’s accented that today there is a significant lag in implementation of measures to support the tourism sector in Ukraine, which seriously threatens the competitiveness of the industry on the global market in 2021. The directions of government support of domestic tourist entrepreneurship are analyzed, their effectiveness and specifics of implementation are defined. The conclusions are as follows: the enterprises of this sphere were exempted from the value added tax, income tax and ЕСВ (single social tax), land tax and tax on nonresidential real estate, also the tourist tax was stopped till December 31, 2020, tax privileges for rent and land rent of municipal and state property were introduced, 10 % VAT rate for tourist services was introduced. The Cabinet of Ministers has allocated 1 billion hryvnia from the fund to fight against COVID-19 to support culture and tourism. Unfortunately, the above measures have not touched small and medium-sized businesses involved in touroperating (travel agencies). The outlined support received only tour operator companies, enterprises of the hotel business and creative industries and culture. Travel agencies, according to the classification of economic activity – 79.11. and 79.90, were not included in the list of businesses that were subject to major tax breaks and financial assistance from the state. Also, travel agencies operating under group 3 Individual entrepreneur could not count on most of them. Exactly for these enterprises the absence or impossibility to obtain benefits became the main factor in the decision-making process of quitting the business. The paper emphasizes the need to adopt a program to support the Ukrainian tourist business, regardless of its size; proposals to deepen the social dialogue between the relevant ministries, businesses and industry workers on the path of reforming tourism entrepreneurship are put forward.
Replication data for: Partisans In Robes: Party Cues and Public Acceptance of Supreme Court Decisions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The public perceives the Supreme Court to be a legal institution, less partisan than its counterparts. This perception enables the Court’s legitimacy conferring function, which serves to increase public acceptance of its decisions. Yet, the public acknowledges a political aspect to the Court as well. To evaluate how the public responds to these different images of the Court, we investigate whether and how depictions of specifically partisan (e.g., Republican) Supreme Court rulings shape public acceptance of these decisions while varying institutional, legal, and issue characteristics. Using survey experiments based on four recent Supreme Court decisions, we find that party cues and partisanship, more so than institutional source cues, affect public acceptance. Attributing a decision to the Court does little to increase baseline acceptance of the decision or attenuate partisan cue effects. The Court’s uniqueness, at least in terms of its ability to generate acceptance of its decisions, is perhaps overstated.
The impact of cannabis and cigarette use on health

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Chronic daily cannabis use has been shown to have long term harmful health effects, which in turn is expected to reduce labour market productivity. The evidence is less clear on the health impact of less frequent consumption, which is the more typical mode of use, and previous empirical studies fail to find robust evidence of an adverse impact of these modes of use on labour market productivity. This paper attempts to shed some light on this issue by directly estimating the impact of cannabis consumption in the past week and past year on health status using information on prime age individuals living in Australia. We find that cannabis use does reduce self-assessed health status, with the effect of weekly use being of a similar magnitude as smoking cigarettes daily. Moreover, we find evidence of a dose-response relationship in the health impact of cannabis use, with annual use having roughly half the impact of weekly use.
Nonlinear Regression and Multivariate Analysis Used to Study the Phenotypic Stability of Cowpea Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of cowpea genotypes using a nonlinear regression analysis and multivariate analysis. Experiments were performed at four sites in Brazil using a randomized blocks design with 20 treatments and four replications. The adaptability and stability of genotypes were evaluated by Toler nonlinear regression and genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot methodologies. Most of the genotypes revealed linear response patterns, with no differences regarding the favorable and unfavorable environments. Regarding the genotype classification for stability and adaptability, the Toler and GGE biplot methodologies are congruent. Genotypes MNC99-537F-4, MNC00-561G-6, MNC99542F-5, and Patativa have high overall adaptability and adequate yield. Therefore, they should be recommended for cultivation in the tested environments. Genotypes closer to the ideotype by the GGE biplot method are considered doubly desirable by the nonlinear method.
Three decades of agrarian reform in Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sam Moyo The author is grateful for the research support provided by Ndabezinhle Nyoni, Walter Chambati, Charity Dangwa, Kingstone Mujeyi and Dumisani Siziba. Funding from the Norwegian Embassy and CIDA enabled the research. The author would also like to thank the very helpful anonymous reviewers. About this article This article examines the empirical facts about the actual outcome of Zimbabwe's land reform, based on years of field research. It shows that the popular assumption about failed (...)
The Determination of Manganese in Water by the Sodium Bismuthate Method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Determination of Manganese in Water by the Sodium Bismuthate MethodW. D. Collins and Margaret D. FosterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1924, 16, 6, 586Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50174a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50174a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ficus carica and Bone Health: A Systematic Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ficus carica, a native plant to the Middle East and Western Asia, is of high value in folk medicine.The therapeutic potential of Ficus carica has led to the extensive studies in recent years, focusing on evaluating and validating its pharmacological effect.The present systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of Ficus carica on promoting bone health focusing on osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis via mineral contents and RANKL pathway.The search was done with Medline via Ebscohost, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to obtain relevant articles published between 1946 and December 2016.The main inclusion criteria were research articles published in English that reported effect of Ficus carica on bone health.The literature search returned 716 potentially relevant articles, whereby 5 met the inclusion criteria.This systematic review concludes Ficus carica plays an important role in the promotion of bone health and can be a potential pharmaceutical product in the future.
A Heritage Science Workflow to Preserve and Narrate a Rural Archeological Landscape Using Virtual Reality: The Cerro del Castillo of Belmez and Its Surrounding Environment (Cordoba, Spain)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The main aim of this article is to present a heritage action protocol based on the application of photogrammetric and LiDAR acquisitions, a catalogue of flora and fauna, archeological research, and 3D virtualization for the integrated recovery of a rural cultural heritage site located in the Alto Guadiato Valley of Cordoba, Spain. This joint multidisciplinary action focusing on a common heritage objective has resulted in a comprehensive and innovative action: the virtualization of an 800-hectare multitemporal archeological landscape. The results may be of interest to researchers, educators, and tourism agents, or for the dissemination of scientific knowledge, among other applications. The protocol of actions implemented in the framework of this project can be replicated in sites with similar characteristics, particularly rural areas with well-preserved landscapes that have not been investigated. The main result of the project is the preservation of geomorphological features using remote sensing technologies and the creation of a virtual lookout for this historical and natural landscape (GuadiatVR), which is a very uncommon outcome within the virtualization of historical landscapes. The lookout can be downloaded from Google Play on IOS.
A Study on Epidemiological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections in Perspective of Diabetic Status among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmedabad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is common illness in- volving all age groups. Diabetics tend to have more episodes of illness as compared to non diabetics. Present study compared various epidemiological aspects of UTI among diabetic and non diabetic patients. Methods: A hospital based study was conducted among 300 cases (200 non diabetics and 100 diabetics) of UTI attending one of the tertiary care hospitals of Ahmedabad city. Bacterial Isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity was tested in urine samples of all cases. Z test, Chi-square test with Cramers’ V and Phi correlation were ap- plied for testing the statistical significance. Result: Mean age of diabetics and non-diabetics was 55.6 ± 12.1 years and 33.7 ± 21.9 years, respectively.UTI cases with positive urinary culture were 92% and 67% in diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively. Most common organism isolated among both the groups was E coli. In both groups E coli and Klebsiella had high antimicrobial sensitivity for Imipenam, Gentamycin and Nitrofu- rantoin. Among diabetics, the duration of diabetes, regularity of medication and type of treatment has significant effect on number of episodes of UTI in a year. Conclusion: Escherichia coli were universally common isolate. Aminoglycoside and Nitrofurantoin can still be used empirically to treat UTI irrespective of diabetic status. Screening of urine sam- ples for antimicrobial sensitivity while initiating the course of treatment among all UTI cases is recommended to check for and prevent resistance.
Simultaneous position-stiffness control of antagonistically driven twisted-coiled polymer actuators using model predictive control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Super-coiled polymer (SCP) artificial muscles have many interesting properties that show potentials for making high performance bionic devices. To realize human-like robotic devices from this type of actuator, it is important for the SCP driven mechanisms to achieve human-like performance, such as compliant behaviors through antagonistic mechanisms. This paper presents the simultaneous position-stiffness control of an antagonistic joint driven by hybrid twisted-coiled polymer actuation bundles made from Spandex and nylon fibers, which is a common human compliant behavior. Based on a linear model of the system, which is identified and verified experimentally, a controller based on model predictive control (MPC) is designed. The MPC performance is enhanced by the incorporation of time delay estimation to estimate model variations and external disturbances. The controlled system is verified through simulations and experiments. The results show the controller's ability to control the joint angle with the highest position error of 0.6 degrees while changing joint stiffness, verified with step command and sinusoidal reference with composite frequencies of 0.01Hz to 0.1Hz.
Apparent Expression of Varicella-Zoster Virus Proteins in Latency Resulting from Reactivity of Murine and Rabbit Antibodies with Human Blood Group A Determinants in Sensory Neurons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Analyses of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) protein expression during latency have been discordant, with rare to many positive neurons detected. We show that ascites-derived murine and rabbit antibodies specific for VZV proteins in vitro contain endogenous antibodies that react with human blood type A antigens in neurons. Apparent VZV neuronal staining and blood type A were strongly associated (by a χ 2 test, α = 0.0003). Adsorption of ascites-derived monoclonal antibodies or antiserum with type A erythrocytes or the use of in vitro -derived VZV monoclonal antibodies eliminated apparent VZV staining. Animal-derived antibodies must be screened for anti-blood type A reactivity to avoid misidentification of viral proteins in the neurons of the 30 to 40% of individuals who are blood type A.
The interaction between equity-based compensation and debt in managerial risk choices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the risk incentives of traditional and non-traditional call options in the context of a levered firm where managers under-invest due to risk aversion. Our results contrast with those presented in the literature inasmuch as lookback calls do not always induce higher risk taking than regular calls, and managers always prefer a combination of regular calls and shares of stock in their compensation package as opposed to only company shares. We also show that Asian options outperform both plain-vanilla and other nonstandard options in inducing higher risk taking and, thereby, are a superior remedy for alleviating the agency costs of deviating from the optimal volatility level. Finally, we shed new insights that better clarify the incorrect arguments found in the literature regarding the delta of regular and lookback calls.
Copy number variations: reliable diagnostic markers for Prader-Willi patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Syndromic obesity is characterized by a specific set of associated clinical features, but the similarity between different obesity syndromes can make it hard to diagnose accurately. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common type of syndromic obesity. A variety of molecular and cytogenetic techniques may be needed for the diagnosis of obesity. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) helps by allowing the study of multiple specific genetic regions at once. This makes it an effective screening tool for large groups of patients who may have deletions or duplications in specific genes. Objective We aim to establish a precise diagnostic scheme for early diagnosis that yields proper early intervention to prevent the development of morbid obesity and intellectual disability, which render a great burden on both health services and the families of the patients. Materials and methods Combined cytogenetic fluorescence in-situ hybridization and methylation studies using MLPA was conducted on 20 patients who were clinically suspected to have PWS. Results and conclusion We analyzed 20 suspected PWS cases descending from 18 unrelated families and 20 healthy controls matching age and sex, using MS-MLPA PWS/AS probemix (MRC-Holland) enables the identification of copy number variations or abnormal methylation patterns. One patient (P18) had PW deletion, which was evident by the reduced copy number ratio, and uniparental disomy was evident in two unrelated patients (P2 and P12). The results indicate that our study identified one typical PWS deletion and two uniparental disomy cases among three patients from distinct families, suggesting that atypical deletions are infrequent in this cohort. This research represents the first exploration of PWS in Egyptian patients using MLPA.
STUDYING BIOLOGICAL AGING AND GEROSCIENCE IN HUMANS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract For geroscience to impact human health, its scientific underpinnings observed in animal models must also be relevant to humans, and therapies grounded in geroscience principles must be translatable to humans. Given the heterogeneity of human aging, chronological age alone is not a sufficient indicator of susceptibility to specific diseases, disabilities, or death, nor does it provide insights into the likelihood of benefiting from specific geroscience-inspired approaches. Bringing these metrics to large epidemiological studies and clinical trials has provided a number of important insights. For example, indices developed from aggregates of biomarker, physiological and clinical data have been shown to perform well in terms of predicting healthy aging, specific aging-related traits and mortality. Functional or composite outcomes have been favored for capturing health span in translational trials.