jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transduction of E2F1 Tat fusion proteins into primary invasive ductal breast carcinoma cell lines and subsequent effects on gene transcription

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Scope and Method of Study: Breast carcinomas harbor specific genetic alterations that contribute to their immortalized state, including overexpression of telomerase and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutations. E2F-1 is a known transcriptional repressor of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT. In p53 mutated cells, E2F-1 possesses the ability to transactivate the p73 tumor suppressor pathway and p53-homologues involved in cell cycle arrest such as p21WAF1/CIP1. We investigated an alternative method of introducing the E2F-1 transcription factor via Tat-mediated protein transduction to effectively target and reversibly impact gene expression in breast cancer cell lines. Using affinity chromatography, the E2F-1 Tat fusion proteins were isolated and purified via FPLC and dialysis. Real-time RT-qPCR was utilized to assess the effects of E2F-1 Tat fusion protein treatment on gene expression of breast carcinomas. We investigated repression of hTERT and induction of p73 and p21WAF1/CIP1 genes in HCC1937 and HCC1599 primary invasive ductal breast cancer cell lines. Following cell treatment with E2F-1 Tat protein therapy, apoptotic activity was monitored via TUNEL assays.
Sharing the burden of financing the green climate fund in the Post-Kyoto era

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design several methods for enforcing developed countries’ responsibilities under the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The GCF has been one of the core subjects of the world climate summits held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, the development of the GCF has not progressed smoothly, and many concerns remain unresolved. Design/methodology/approach – This paper illustrates three approaches for financing the GCF that vary in terms of the relative weights accorded to environmental responsibility and economic capacity. These three methods include the historical responsibility (HR) principle, the ability to pay (AP) principle and the preference score compromises (PSC) approach (which is a combination of the HR and the AP principles). Findings – The empirical analysis demonstrates that the USA is the largest contributor to the GCF under the HR principle due to the volume of its historical emissions, whereas the European Union bears the greatest financial responsibility under the AP principle, based on its gross domestic product. Under the PSC approach, the European Union and the USA each undertakes a financial burden that approximates 40 per cent of the total financing for the GCF. These nations are followed by Japan, which has a share of almost 9 per cent. Originality/value – This study is the first attempt to introduce the PSC concept into discussions regarding GCF financing. A scheme of burden sharing that combines environmental responsibility and economic capacity factors is developed and introduced. The respective weights assigned to the two factors are determined based on the Borda rule in voting theory, which avoids the arbitrary allocation of weights between the HR and the AP. These findings will be useful for mobilising the GCF in the Post-Kyoto era.
Designing 69 Meters Littoral Mission Ship Based on the 60 Meters Fast Patrol Boat Platform to Improve Multi-Task Warfare

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 60 meters fast patrol boat class is well known as one of the successful programs in the build of local warship in the national shipyards. Due to the higher tension in the South China Sea recently, therefore, it is urgently to have some better ships both quantitatively and qualitatively. To reduce procurements costs and shorten the delivery time then an LMS type with a length of 69 meters would be proposed based on the proven design of 60 meters FPB. Improvement of the platform not only about its size and capacity but also multi-task missions. The LMS will support missions of patrolling and intercepting as a fast patrol craft, moreover additional tasks including anti-surface warfare, mines-warfare, hydrography and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), also bio & chemical warfare duties. LMS will have a low radar cross-section by improving its stealth design and the addition of a helideck to accommodate a medium-sized helicopter. Ship able carries up to three standard ISO-containers as complementary logistics when the deck not being occupied by helicopter. LMS needs only 20% more engine power when its draught is 0.1 m higher and 21.5% more displacement compare with the FPB at a similar speed of 24 knots.
The Use of Subsidence to Estimate Carbon Loss from Deforested and Drained Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Drainage is a major means of the conversion of tropical peat forests into agriculture. Accordingly, drained peat becomes a large source of carbon. However, the amount of carbon (C) loss from drained peats is not simply measured. The current C loss estimate is usually based on a single proxy of the groundwater table, spatially and temporarily dynamic. The relation between groundwater table and C emission is commonly not linear because of the complex natures of heterotrophic carbon emission. Peatland drainage or lowering groundwater table provides plenty of oxygen into the upper layer of peat above the water table, where microbial activity becomes active. Consequently, lowering the water table escalates subsidence that causes physical changes of organic matter (OM) and carbon emission due to microbial oxidation. This paper reviews peat bulk density (BD), total organic carbon (TOC) content, and subsidence rate of tropical peat forest and drained peat. Data of BD, TOC, and subsidence were derived from published and unpublished sources. We found that BD is generally higher in the top surface layer in drained peat than in the undrained peat. TOC values in both drained and undrained are lower in the top and higher in the bottom layer. To estimate carbon emission from the top layer (0–50 cm) in drained peats, we use BD value 0.12 to 0.15 g cm−3, TOC value of 50%, and a 60% conservatively oxidative correction factor. The average peat subsidence is 3.9 cm yr−1. The range of subsidence rate per year is between 2 and 6 cm, which results in estimated emission between 30 and 90 t CO2e ha−1 yr−1. This estimate is comparable to those of other studies and Tier 1 emission factor of the 2013 IPCC GHG Inventory on Wetlands. We argue that subsidence is a practical approach to estimate carbon emission from drained tropical peat is more applicable than the use of groundwater table.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a patient following oral steroids for contralateral necrotising scleritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A male patient in his 70s presented with left eye necrotising scleritis. His ocular history was significant for pterygium excision with mitomycin C 3 months prior in the affected eye, open-angle glaucoma, nuclear sclerosis cataract and previous sixth cranial nerve palsy. Scleral culture was negative and blood work was positive for rheumatoid factor and HLA-B27. The patient was treated for necrotising scleritis with oral doxycycline, vitamin C, ranitidine and prednisone with gradual taper over 45 days. Two months after initiating treatment, his necrotising scleritis achieved complete resolution; however, a new-onset ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) was identified at the temporal limbus of the contralateral eye. He was treated with topical interferon alpha-2b 1 million IU qid and achieved complete resolution after 4 months. The case highlights both the acute precipitation of OSSN following oral steroids and a sight-threatening complication following pterygium excision.
Effects of Undaria pinnatifida Dietary Fiber on Immune Function of Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Undaria pinnatifida dietary fiber(Up-df)was fed to BALB/C mice.Then the mice were executed and assayed for delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB),hemolysin formation,the carbon particle clearance index K,phagocytic indexα,T cell subsets,lyre phocyte proliferation,natural and killer(NK)cell cytotoxicity.It was found that the administration of Up-df enhances the carbon particle clearance index K,and phagocytic indexαof normal mice, as well as DTH induced by DNFB,hemolysin formation,the carbon particle clearance index K,phagocytic indexα,T cell subsets, lyre phocyte proliferation,and NK cell cytotoxicity in immune-deformed mice.It suggested that the intake of Up-df can partly rejuvenate the immune reactivity of the immune-deformed mice.
Fe-doped photocatalytic TiO2 film prepared by pulsed dc reactive magnetron sputtering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fe-doped TiO2 films were prepared by means of the pulsed dc reactive magnetron cosputtering method using Ti and Fe mixed target. The deposition condition was optimized to produce uniform and transparent TiO2 films. The mixed target was more difficult to sputter out than the pure titanium target, whereas the threshold remained stable in spite of the variation of the fixed iron surface area, which controlled iron concentration in the Fe-doped TiO2 films. The sputtering rates of iron oxides were higher than that of titanium oxides. The surface morphologies of the Fe-doped films changed from uniform to rough when the iron concentration increased. The rutile phase took the place of the anatase phase after the iron concentration exceeded 15 at. %. Iron oxides phases appeared in the high iron concentration samples. The absorption edges of the Fe-doped TiO2 films shifted to visible region with the increasing concentration of iron oxides. The films with low iron concentrations showed better photocatalytic activity than the pure TiO2.. On the contrary, the photocatalytic degradation rates of methyl orange on the highly iron doped TiO2 films decreased abruptly.
Resilience Under Heatwaves: Croatia’s Power System During the July 2024 Heatwave and the Role of Variable Renewable Energy by 2030

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This study analyzes the record electricity consumption in Croatia during the July 2024 heatwave and evaluates how the increased deployment of onshore wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) could mitigate a similar event in the future. Electricity demand and generation patterns under current (2024) and projected (2030) scenarios have been simulated using a sub-hourly power system model. The findings show that during the July 2024 heatwave, Croatia imported 35% of the electricity, with prices exceeding 400 €/MWh during peak hours. By 2030, the expanded wind and solar PV sectors (1.5 GW each) will increase the renewable share from 38.8% in July 2024 to 54.7% in July 2030. On the annual level, renewable energy generation increases from 53.8% in 2024 up to 66.9% in 2030. As result, the carbon intensity of the power sector will reduce from 223 gCO2eq/kWhel in 2024 to 197 gCO2eq/kWhel in 2030. The share of fossil fuel generation will increase slightly, from 19.7% in 2024 to 22% in 2030, but more significantly in the summer to meet the heatwave-induced electricity demand. Besides that, short-term energy storage of 2 GWh (400 MW discharge over 5 h) could effectively manage evening peak demands after solar PV ceases production.
Exceptions and being human: Before and in times of COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As a much proclaimed ‘new normal’ accompanying the global pandemic, the suspension of certain rights to protect other rights returns our attention to notions of exceptions outside the law in terms of sovereign power and those hidden within the law, such as structurally embedded violations. The consent for the emergency rights accorded to the state to act for the greater protection and bio-survival of all occurs alongside certain contestations which also, in dramatic instances, include spaces for new protests against structural and physical violence on the person. The murder of George Floyd and the protests which followed signalled points of both convergence and dissonance in relation to the emergency rights of the state and the overlooking of other ‘less visible’ loss of rights.
Risorse litiche e comportamento tecnico dei Neandertaliani: variabilita culturale e adattamento all’ambiente nel Salento – Raw materials and Neanderthal technical behaviour: cultural variability and adaptation to the environment in Salento (South Apulia)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

PhD research. International PhD at the PhD International School in Storia e Civiltà del Mondo Antico (History of the Ancient World - Prehistory) at the Università degli Studi di Firenze (Italy) and at the PhD School in Quaternari i Prehistòria (Quaternary and Prehistory) at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona, Spain). Apta cum laude with European mention.
Dense molecular gas, star formation, and the CO to H2 conversion factor in nearby galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (51) References (21) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Dense molecular gas, star formation and the CO to H2 conversion factor in nearby galaxies. Sage, Leslie J. ; Shore, Steven N. ; Solomon, P. M. Abstract A search for CS J = 2 â†’ 1 emission from 14 nearby galaxies yielded six detections and five marginal detections. The detection of CS emission confirms the presence of large quantities of dense gas near the centers of nearby galaxies. The CS and CO 1 â†’ 0 fluxes from the centers of galaxies are linearly correlated. The ratio of CS to CO flux is independent of galaxian parameters and can be understood as a consequence of a beam average of two populations of molecular clouds, one similar to Galactic disk clouds, the other similar to Galactic center clouds. Both CS and CO emission are correlated with central C II (Î»158 Î¼m) line emission and 100 microns continuum emission, indicating that both molecules trace active star formation. We conclude that the mass of dense gas traced by CS is approximately proportional to the total molecular mass and that a standard CO-H2conversion factor produces a reasonable estimate of the H2mass in most galaxies. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: March 1990 DOI: 10.1086/168478 Bibcode: 1990ApJ...351..422S Keywords: Galactic Mass; Interstellar Gas; Molecular Clouds; Star Formation; Carbon Monoxide; Hydrogen; galaxies: interstellar matter; molecule processes; stars: formation; Astrophysics full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (14) NED (14)
The Languages of Pyidawtha and the Burmese Approach to National Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Burma’s first well known welfare plan was entitled Pyidawtha or \nHappy Land, and it was launched in 1952. In vernacular terms, the literal meaning \nof Pyidawtha is ‘Prosperous Royal Country’. The government’s attempt to \nsustain tradition and culture and to instil modern aspirations in its citizens \nwas reflected in its choice of the word Pyidawtha. The Plan failed and its implications \nstill overshadow the development framework of Burma. This paper \ndiscusses how the country’s major decisions, including whether or not to join \nthe Commonwealth, have been influenced by language; how the term and concept \nof ‘development’ were conceived; how the Burmese translation was coined \nto attract public support; and how the detailed planning was presented to the \nmasses by the government. The paper also discusses the concerns and anxieties \nof the democratic government led by U Nu in introducing Burma’s first \nmajor development plan to a war-torn and bitterly divided country, and why \nit eventually failed.
Effects of Chronic Ethanol Exposure on GABA Receptors and GABAB Receptor Modulation of 3H‐GABA Release in the Hippocampus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chronic ethanol treatment (CET), sufficient for decreasing long‐term potentiation (LTP) in rats, also enhances 3 H‐GABA release from hippocampal slices in these same animals. The mechanism for an increase in GABA release may involve changes in presynaptic receptors. Therefore, we characterized presynaptic autoreceptor modulation of 3 H‐GABA release in hippocampal slices from control and CET rats. The effects of a GABA B receptor agonist (baclofen) and antagonist [2‐hydroxy (OH)‐saclofen] were tested for their ability to modulate electrically stimulated 3 H‐GABA release from superfused hippocampal slices. Baclofen decreased stimulated release in a dose‐dependent manner and 2‐OH‐saclofen increased release consistent with the existence of presynaptic GABA B autoreceptors in hippocampus. The GABA A antagonist bicuculline did not significantly modulate basal or stimulated release. When the effects of baclofen and 2‐OH‐saclofen were measured in animals 48 hr after withdrawal from CET, presynaptic modulation of release by baclofen and 2‐OH‐saclofen was decreased. In addition, we examined the density of 3 H‐baclofen and 3 H‐bicuculline binding in the hippocampal formation using quantitative autoradiographic techniques. We found that the density of 3 H‐baclofen binding sites was not affected by CET, whereas the density of 3 H‐bicuculline binding sites was increased by 28% in ethanol‐treated rats. These data may explain how CET increases presynaptic regulation of GABA release from hippocampus that may contribute to the decrease in LTP seen in rats after CET.
On the Toxin Production of the Diphtheria Bacillus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Everyone who has been occupied with the weekly production of diphtheria toxin in quantity has been struck with the great variations which may and usually do occur in the strength of the toxin from week to week. It is indeed extraordinary as Madsen remarks (1908, p. 83) that a bacillus should for a long time give good and fairly constant results when grown in one laboratory and yet fail to do so when grown in another laboratory in a medium prepared with the greatest care according to the formula used in the first laboratory. That it is notmerely a question of medium is shown by the following experiment.A batch of bouillon was made up and inoculated in the usual way. Then half the flasks were placed in one of the two hot rooms we have here, and the other half in the other hot room. After nine days' incubation the cultures were treated as usual. Both lots were tested on the same day and it was found that while the M.L.D. of the one half was 1/150 c.cm., that of the other was 1/50 c.cm. Many and varied have been the procedures suggested for growing the diphtheria bacillus so as to obtain a highly potent filtrate and most of them have been tried in this laboratory but none can be depended upon to give a constant result. When discussing this point Dean (1907, pp. 467–468) gives the M.L.D. of a large number of toxins prepared under his direction, but they are notgiven in order as they were prepared and so one cannot get an idea as to how one batch differed from the next. I have not come across any such series in the literature of this subject and so it seemed that it would be of interest to put on record a two years' series of results in theorder in which they were obtained—more especially as a study of thisseries gave more food for thought than was anticipated.
Effects of Rural and Urban Resource Access on the Tuberculosis Burden in Least Developed Countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 2020 alone, an estimated 1,500,000 deaths occurred due to tuberculosis (TB). TB continues to affect over 10 million people yearly, primarily in underdeveloped countries. The present paper uses regression analysis to compare the correlations between increased access to improved water and sanitation resources in rural versus urban areas and the national TB burden (incidence and mortality rates). The results suggest that enhancing water and sanitation resources reduces the national TB burden. Moreover, urban improvements correspond with a greater national TB burden reduction than rural improvements.
Processes With Independent Increments on a Lie Group

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The LÃ©vy-Khinchin representation for processes with independent increments is extended to processes taking values in a Lie group. The basis of the proof is to approximate continuous time processes by Markov chains. The processes involved are handled by the technique, developed by Stroock and Varadhan, of characterizing Markov processes by associated martingales.
Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide, with a vast majority of confirmed cases presenting with respiratory symptoms. Potential neurological manifestations and their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been thoroughly established. In this narrative review, we sought to present the neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case reports, case series, editorials, reviews, case-control and cohort studies were evaluated, and relevant information was abstracted. Various reports of neurological manifestations of previous coronavirus epidemics provide a roadmap regarding potential neurological complications of COVID-19, due to many shared characteristics between these viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Studies from the current pandemic are accumulating and report COVID-19 patients presenting with dizziness, headache, myalgias, hypogeusia and hyposmia, but also with more serious manifestations including polyneuropathy, myositis, cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis and encephalopathy. However, discrimination between causal relationship and incidental comorbidity is often difficult. Severe COVID-19 shares common risk factors with cerebrovascular diseases, and it is currently unclear whether the infection per se represents an independent stroke risk factor. Regardless of any direct or indirect neurological manifestations, the COVID-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the management of neurological patients, whether infected or not. In particular, the majority of stroke services worldwide have been negatively influenced in terms of care delivery and fear to access healthcare services. The effect on healthcare quality in the field of other neurological diseases is additionally evaluated.
Investigation of Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of HP40-Nb Reformer Tubes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the results of nondestructive evaluation, structure characteristics, and magnetic properties of HP-Nb steam reformer tubes of a direct reduction unit are presented. An eddy current testing technique based on a special normal probe was performed to estimate the service life of the outer surface of the reformer tubes at a frequency of 60 kHz. The magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer testing. Microstructural transformations of reference samples were performed by an optical microscope equipped with image analysis software and scanning electron microscopes. With exposure to severe operational conditions in oxidizing atmospheres and high temperature, microstructural changes such as oxidation and transformation of M23C6 and M7C3 carbide in the carburization zone, and chromium depletion in the austenite matrix, can be intensified. The tubes were inspected on a point basis and the eddy current data were presented as an impedance map. The results of the eddy current testing and vibrating sample magnetometer showed that microstructural changes due to operational conditions affect the electromagnetic response of the tubes.