jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Infectious Keratitis after Keratorefractive Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The keratorefractive surgeries (KRS) are one of the most common ocular surgeries. One of the dangerous complications of these surgeries is infectious keratitis (IK), which is the second cause of blindness after cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IK after KRS in different parts of the world. Methods. In order to obtain relevant studies, all national and international databases including IranMedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using standard keywords. Results. IK prevalence after KRS was 0.000496% (0.000145% for the left eye and 0.000149% for the right eye). IK prevalence after KRS in the United States, Europe, and Asia was 0.000667%, 0.000473%, and 0.000045%, respectively, in all of which the common microorganisms were Staphylococci. Meta-regression showed no significant association between IK after KRS and either sample size or publication year of the studies. IK prevalence after KRS in the right eye was more than that in the left one. Also, the probability of IK incidence after LASIK surgery was more than PRK and LASEK. In the evaluation of continents, IK after KRS in the United States was more frequent compared with Europe and Asia. Conclusions. This study provided data as to the overall prevalence of IK following KRS and its variations according to the types of eye, surgery, pathogenic microorganism, and geographical location.
Capacity Utilization in Electricity Market Behavior: An Experimental Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper describes a laboratory experiment of electricity markets to study the effect of variable capacity utilization over market dynamics. Previous experiments have left out a potential source of cyclical behavior by assuming full capacity utilization. We run 12 experimental markets of the power generation sector, involving two treatments: a first treatment with fixed (full) capacity utilization where subjects make investment decisions, and a second treatment where subjects make both investment and capacity utilization decisions. Visual inspections, basic statistics and simulation tests run with decision rules estimated from experimental data show that the markets run under full capacity utilization present a cyclical behavior in market development. Conversely, such tests show a noncyclical market development for the markets run under variable capacity utilization, suggesting that varying capacity utilization favors stability rather than a cyclical behavior.
The Effectiveness of Different Personal Protective Ensembles in Preventing Injury to the Thorax from Blast-Type Anti-Personnel Mines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is well established from numerous documented cases of bomb blasts that, under certain conditions (determined by the amount and proximity of explosive), the transmitted shock wave and associated overpressure generated by the detonation of an explosive device can cause critical and fatal injuries to the thorax, e.g., “blast lung.” As such injuries tend to be internal and thus difficult to detect, there has been considerable debate in recent years on the significance of the blast overpressure injury in the context of demining/mine clearance compared to more visible injuries, such as, amputation of extremities, fragmentation wounds and blindness. A wide range of personal protective ensembles are currently deployed in the field, incorporating disparate stackings of materials over the thoracic region.
Collapse Transitions of Proteins and the Interplay Among Backbone, Sidechain, and Solvent Interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteins can collapse into compact globules or form expanded, solvent-accessible, coil-like conformations. Additionally, they can fold into well-defined three-dimensional structures or remain partially or entirely disordered. Recent discoveries have shown that the tendency for proteins to collapse or remain expanded is not intrinsically coupled to their ability to fold. These observations suggest that proteins do not have to form compact globules in aqueous solutions. They can be intrinsically disordered, collapsed, or expanded, and even form well-folded, elongated structures. This ability to decouple collapse from folding is determined by the sequence details of proteins. In this review, we highlight insights gleaned from studies over the past decade. Using a polymer physics framework, we explain how the interplay among sidechains, backbone units, and solvent determines the driving forces for collapsed versus expanded states in aqueous solvents.
[Nutritional and acute phase proteins in preterm newborns: reference standards and interrelations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The serum concentrations of 5 "nutritional" and 5 "acute phase" proteins were prospectively studied in 3 groups of newborns with nephelometric methods. Group A: 22 healthy breast fed term newborns aged 4 days; group B: 28 healthy enterally fed preterm newborns (mean gestational age 33.3 weeks); group C: 49 preterm newborns (mean gestational age 29.5 weeks) on parenteral nutrition (PN). Infants with surgical procedures, sepsis and liver or renal diseases were excluded. The serum concentrations of almost all proteins were similar or only slightly different among the 3 groups and never related to the weight and chronological or post-conceptional age. Only prealbumin, apolipoprotein A and B and C4 levels were significantly different between term and preterm newborns. Enterally fed preterm infants had lower concentrations of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and higher albumin, transferrin and apolipoprotein A than PN fed infants. Since the observed differences were usually quite small, we suggest that--at least in clinical practice--common serum reference values of these proteins should be adopted for all healthy growing newborns, whether preterm or at term, enterally or parenterally fed. The inter-relationships between different proteins were studied. Four of the five nutritional proteins were highly correlated one with another and the same was observed for the 5 acute phase proteins. Nutritional proteins as a group did not correlate with acute phase proteins, with the only exception of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and apolipoprotein A. Thus, the 2 groups of proteins seem to be regulated by different metabolic systems.
On the growth of holomorphic curves

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we deduce some results which are generalizations of Petrenko, Fuchs, Niino, Bergweiler, Eremenko and Marchenko's work. We will estimate the deviation b(a, G) of a holomorphic curve G(z) with respect to a small holomorphic curve a(z) and give an estimation of L(r, a, G).
Characterization of TbLpn in Trypanosoma brucei

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Trypanosoma brucei, is a flagellated, unicellular, parasitic protozoan transmitted by the tsetse fly. It is the source of African sleeping sickness in humans. African sleeping sickness has two different stages, the bloodstream and central nervous system stages, each characterized by different symptoms. Problems with treatment result from severe side effects of the drugs used to treat African sleeping sickness. No vaccine is available due to high antigenic variation. T. brucei exists as two forms. The procyclic fly form relies on oxidative phosphorylation, expresses procyclin as its surface protein, and is morphologically long and slender. In contrast, the mammalian bloodstream form expresses the surface protein VSG, and is characterized as short and stumpy. In T. brucei, gene regulation is controlled primarily at the post-transcriptional level, thus RNA binding proteins play a role in gene regulation. Some RNA binding proteins serve as substrates for enzymes known as protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). These enzymes specifically methylate arginine residues on proteins. A yeast two hybrid approach was used to identify proteins interacting with TbPRMT1 in T. brucei. Among the proteins shown to interact with TbPRMT1, one is a homolog of yeast and mammalian lipin proteins. This protein, which is termed Tblpn, has 2 conserved domains characteristic of lipin proteins. In addition, 2 aspartic acid residues were conserved in T. brucei. Lipin is involved in adipocyte development in mice. A mutation of lipin causes decreased adipocyte development associated with fatty liver dystrophy. Overexpression of the protein results in obesity in mice. Lipin also plays an important role in fatty acid synthesis and signaling in yeast, but possibly relates to the development of important phospholipids in T. brucei, specifically phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The objectives of my project were to determine where TbLpn is localized in the cell, to determine whether TbLpn interacts with TbPRMT1 in vivo, and finally to determine if TbLpn is methylated in vivo.
Romantic Postmodernism in American Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Intended for teachers and students of American Literature, this book is the first comprehensive analysis of romantic tendencies in postmodernist American fiction. The book challenges the opinion expressed in the Columbia History of the American Novel (1991) and propagated by many influential scholars that the mainstream of postmodernist fiction is represented by the disjunctive and nihilistic work of such writers as Kathy Acker, Donald Barthelme, and Robert Coover. Professor Alsen disagrees. He contends that this kind of fiction is not read and taught much outside an isolated but powerful circle in the academic community. It is the two-part thesis of Professor Alsen's book that the mainstream of postmodernist fiction consists of the widely read work of the Nobel Prize laureates Saul Bellow and Toni Morrison and other similar writers and that this mainstream fiction is essentially romantic. To support his argument, Professor Alsen analyzes representative novels by Saul Bellow, J.D. Salinger, Norman Mailer, Flannery O'Connor, John Updike, Kurt Vonnegut, Philip Roth, Thomas Pynchon, Toni Morrison, the later John Barth, Alice Walker, William Kennedy, and Paul Auster. Professor Alsen demonstrates that the traits which distinguish the fiction of the romantic postmodernists from the fiction of their disunctive and nihilist colleagues include a vision of life that is a form of philosophical idealism, an organic view of art, modes of storytelling that are reminiscent of the nineteenth-century romance, and such themes as the nature of sin or evil, the negative effects of technology on the soul, and the quest for transcendence.
Expression and prognostic significance of HPV16 E7 protein expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To explore the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Methods
A cohort of 152 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients, 40 premalignant lesions of the larynx, and 40 vocal fold polyp patients was evaluated for the expression of HPV16 E7 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). E7 protein expression was correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes.

Results
The expression of E7 protein in vocal fold polyp was negative, and it's positive expression in precancerous lesions and laryngeaI carcinomas was 2.5%, and 32.9%, respectively. There were no other significant clinical or demographic differences between p16-positive and -negative cases. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between E7-positive and -negative patients with 5-year survival of 79% and 66% for p16 positive and negative patients, respectively (P=0.581). There was no statistically significant difference in failure-free survival (FFS) with 5-year FFS of 57.8% and 42.3% for p16 positive and negative patients, respectively (P=0.579).

Conclusions
E7 expression is infrequent in laryngeal carcinomas. There are no statistically significant correlations between E7 IHC status and OS or FFS.

Key words:
Papillomaviridae/ME; Laryngeal neoplasms/ME; Prognosis
[Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the effect of very high frequency electromagnetic waves on platelet functional activity].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A comparative analysis was made of the effect of two kinds of EMI MMD-radiation: EMI MMD-waves, generated by a vehicle "Jav-1 M" (42.2 and 53.5 HHz), and EMI MMD-waves exerting influence with frequencies of molecular spectrum of radiation and nitric oxide absorption (150.176-150.644 HHz), obtained with a specially created generator, with respect to their influence on the functional ability of platelets of unstable angina pectoris patients. It was shown that in vitro EMI MMD-fluctuations with frequencies of molecular spectrum of radiation and nitric oxide absorption exert a stronger inhibiting influence on the functional activity of platelets of unstable angina pectoris patients. Features of the action of various kinds of EMI MMD-effect on the activative-high-speed characteristics of platelet aggregation are shown.
Pendugaan Nilai Heritabilitas Bobot Lahir Dan Bobot Sapih Pada Babi Duroc Dan Yorkshire

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The research was conductedÂ from May â€“ September 2017 in PT Fajar Semesta Indah Singkawang. This study aims to estimate of genetic parameter on birth weight and weaning weight in Duroc and Yorkshire pig. The material used in this study were Duroc danYorkshire by the number of 286 and 2017 pig. Variables observed in this study were birth weight, weaning weight and mortality weaning. Data analysis of litter size heritability was estimated using paternal half sib method and heritability birth weight and weaning weight using nested design. The results showed the average birth weightÂ andÂ weaning weight in breed pig Duroc (1.22Â±0.22 kg and 6.52Â±0.98 kg) and Duroc pig (1.25Â±0.19 kg and 6.69Â±0.67 kg). Estimated heritability birth weight and weaning weight in breed pig Duroc (0.26Â±0.19 and 0.34Â±0.12) and Yorkshire (0.15Â±0.21 and 0.47Â±0.36). The heritability of birth and weaning weight were considered as high which means that the selection programme will be more effective and efficient in improving the genetic merits.
Room Temperature Single-Photon Source of Colloidal Quantum Dots

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Materials for single photon sources keep attracting attention owing to the recent development of quantum information technologies such as computing, communications, cryptography, sensing, and metrology. However, commercializing such materials is still facing difficulties for solid reproduction and operations at room temperature because most single photon sources acquire sufficient photon generation efficiencies only at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we review colloidal quantum dots synthesized at low cost and showing high fluorescence efficiencies at room temperature. We discuss the physical and optical characteristics of chemically synthesized colloidal quantum dots, and then relevant single photon measurements and single photon devices.
Classical benchmarking of zero noise extrapolation beyond the exactly-verifiable regime

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a recent work a quantum error mitigation protocol was applied to the expectation values obtained from circuits on the IBM Eagle quantum processor with up $127$ - qubits with up to $60 \; - \; \mbox{CNOT}$ layers. To benchmark the efficacy of this quantum protocol a physically motivated quantum circuit family was considered that allowed access to exact solutions in different regimes. The family interpolated between Clifford circuits and was additionally evaluated at low depth where exact validation is practical. It was observed that for highly entangling parameter regimes the circuits are beyond the validation of matrix product state and isometric tensor network state approximation methods. Here we compare the experimental results to matrix product operator simulations of the Heisenberg evolution, find they provide a closer approximation than these pure-state methods by exploiting the closeness to Clifford circuits and limited operator growth. Recently other approximation methods have been used to simulate the full circuit up to its largest extent. We observe a discrepancy of up to $20\%$ among the different classical approaches so far, an uncertainty comparable to the bootstrapped error bars of the experiment. Based on the different approximation schemes we propose modifications to the original circuit family that challenge the particular classical methods discussed here.
Evaluating the Use of Behavioral Skills Training to Teach Substitute Caregivers to Identify Hazards

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The leading cause of death for children across the world is unintentional injuries (UNICEF 2001). Hazards such as accessible pools, poisons, and small ingestible items are the leading causes of unintentional injuries. Behavioral interventions such as Project 12-Ways/Safe Care have been used to teach parents how to be proactive in structuring a home free of accessible hazards by teaching the parents to identify and remove hazards in their home. Though the Project 12-Ways/Safe Care model has over 30 years of literature supporting its efficacy, the model has not been tested with substitute caregivers who often play a critical role in keeping children safe. Therefore, this study evaluated the degree to which substitute caregivers could identify and remove hazards after being trained on the Project 12-Ways/Safe Care Home Accident Prevention Inventory Revised Protocol. Results suggest participants required multiple sessions of in-vivo feedback to learn to discriminate between hazardous and non-hazardous items. Limitations and future research are discussed.
An Industry 4.0 Research Agenda for Sustainable Business Models

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the Industry 4.0 world that is digitalizing and automating, sustainable business models exist but have not become mainstream. Opportunities for sustainable offerings exist by designing products for longevity, repair and recycling, such that sustainability is not only focusing on being more efficient, but also on using less raw materials and recycling more products. This changes the value proposition, supply chain, relation with the customer and financial justification of a business model. This paper discusses potential sustainable business scenarios, and proposes an agenda for research into how Industry 4.0 can be used to create sustainable business models.
Relationship between the social networks and the family dynamics of low-income working women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents the results of research conducted on social networks and family dynamics of poor women in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. The social networks that develop among working women living in the city's poor neighborhoods are identified within a survival-needs perspective. Additionally, the relationships that develop from such family dynamics are also analyzed. The study was conducted within a single-group ex post facto design, with 200 families of working women from impoverished neighborhoods. These families were studied using structured interviews, that allowed for descriptive analysis of the collected data to identify the social networks and the family dynamics. The relationships that were found between these two variables are discussed. The research findings clearly suggest the usefulness of social networks as an alternative means for social exchange, and within family interactions such as parent–child communication, the exercise of parental authority, affective relationship, and dealing with family conflicts. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Palaeoenvironmental Framing of theO ArealRoman Saltworks and Related Anthropogenic Activities in North-western Iberia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The NW Iberian city of Vigo contains buried structures of a Roman salinae that follow the ancient coastline. To investigate its environmental legacy, we studied two pedo-sedimentary profiles at the O Areal saltworks to reconstruct human activities during and after the salinae use, as well as framing them within the last two millennia of climate variability. The bottom layer consists of organic-rich sands, with marine palynomorphs, confined within the saltworks' structures that operated during the Early Roman Empire, when the demand in fish-salted products increased and the salting industry fluorished on the Atlantic coast of Iberia. During the Late Roman Empire, salt production at the O Areal may have ended, coeval with the development of a marsh with hydro-hygrophyte vegetation and the salting industry demise. The Roman environment also experienced intense agropastoralism that triggered water eutrophication. After Roman times, a dune phase sealed the archaeologicl structures. The overall trend points to a shift from a marine to a terrestrial setting coeval to known periods of climate variability. Therefore, humans and climate impacted the coast during the last two millennia, including the very intense Roman-period saltworks, agriculture and livestock. Roman times climate would have also influenced the saltworks' establishment and abandonment.
Equilibrium Thermophysical Properties of Alkanes at Very High Temperatures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In order to perform calculations for thermal plasmas, sparks, and arcs, as in the thermal arc and electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes, thermophysical properties, such as the density, enthalpy, and heat capacity, of the original ambient dielectric liquid are required at very high temperatures and often pressures in the plasma state. A statistical model has been developed to provide these properties. At high temperatures, these hydrocarbons undergo a series of reactions to first dissociate and then to ionize to produce a plasma. The partition functions of each of the species generated are calculated and used to determine the equilibrium mole fractions or particle fractions of each constituent of the resultant plasma. Only the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio matters so mixtures of alkanes can also be used. Specifically, tables of particles fractions, densities, enthalpies, and specific heat capacities are provided for methane and for hexadecane to 60 000 K and 10 kbar.
On Maximal Green Sequences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Maximal green sequences are particular sequences of quiver mutations appearing in the context of quantum dilogarithm identities and supersymmetric gauge theory. Interpreting maximal green sequences as paths in various natural posets arising in representation theory, we prove the finiteness of the number of maximal green sequences for cluster finite quivers, affine quivers and acyclic quivers with at most three vertices. We also give results concerning the possible numbers and lengths of these maximal green sequences.