jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P2‐167: CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER CEREBRAL ATROPHY AMONG PATIENTS WITH YOUNG ONSET DEMENTIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral white matter hyperintensity (WMH) has been shown to be a risk factor for dementia but the mechanism by which WMH causes dementia is unknown. Patients with young onset dementia (YOD) who are more likely to have genetic predisposition with lower prevalence of vascular risk factors may be an ideal cohort to evaluate the role of WMH in the pathogenesis of dementia. A prospective review of a clinical dementia database in a tertiary Neurology clinic was performed. Patients with age at onset of dementia <65 years having mild to moderate dementia were recruited. AD and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) were diagnosed based on the NINCDS-ADRDA and Lund-Manchester criteria respectively. Data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical-cognitive presentation and MRI findings were collected. MRI ratings included: Fazekas (12-point) for WMH, Global Cortical Atrophy for whole brain atrophy, Kipps for frontotemporal (FT) atrophy, Schelten's for medial temporal atrophy and Koedam's for parietal atrophy. Correlational analyses were used to evaluate the strength of association of WMH with cognitive and imaging findings. Data from 73 YOD patients, with a mean age of 57.86 years, seen from January to December 2013 were reviewed. 42% had AD, 23% had FTD and 12% had Vascular Dementia. Among patients with Young AD, 60% had mild WMH (Fazekas ≤4) and 36% had moderate-severe WMH. High WMH patients had a higher proportion of language and executive symptoms while those with low WMH had more visuospatial symptoms. Visual atrophy rating were consistently worse among patients with moderate-severe WMH though significant only with right medial temporal atrophy (p<0.05). Anterior temporal (right and left) and overall Kipps FT atrophy ratings showed a trend towards significance for association with WMH. Similarly with FTD, associations with higher WMH and more medial and anterior temporal atrophy were found. WMH may be a potential risk factor for accelerated cerebral atrophy in YOD. Elucidating the pathogenesis of WMH may allow therapeutic interventions.
ABNORMAL BLEEDING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemorrhage arising from abnormal hemostasis is often complicated in origin and troublesome to treat. Bleeding may occur from a single disturbance in the plasma clotting mechanism, in the platelet quantity or in the integrity of the vascular wall. More frequently, spontaneous bleeding is associated with several disorders in one or more of these systems. Reported herein are summarized data on a series of patients with spontaneous bleeding who had a similar clotting abnormality. This clotting defect was characterized by an increase in the protamine titration1and was frequently associated with a prolongation in the whole blood clotting time.2Many of these patients also had thrombopenia of moderate or severe degree. The nature of the defect revealed by the protamine titration resembles, but is not identical with, that produced by the intravenous injection of commercial beef heparin.2Moreover, the protamine titration may be influenced by factors other than
Óleos essenciais sobre a qualidade de sementes de leucena

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<span class="fontstyle0">Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) is an alternative used for animal feeding in the Northeastern of Brazil due to its resistance to drought and its high nutritional value. They are forest species whose seeds are affected by fungi that cause abnormalities and damage to seedlings, seed deterioration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of essential oils in reducing the incidence of fungi associated with L. leucocephala seeds and their interference with physiological quality. The treatments were the following: essential oils of Cymbopogon nardus, Boswellia carteri, Eucalyptus globulus, Helianthus annuus, Vitis vinifera seeds, Eugenia caryophyllata, Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis in a concentration of 1 mL · L</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">and fungicide, using 100 seeds per treatment.In order to overcome dormancy scarification with sandpaper Nº 100 in the opposite region to the micropile. The sanitary quality of the seeds was made with the incubation method in Petri dishes containing double layer of filter paper moistened with ADE. Seed physiological quality was determined based on seed germination, emergence and vigor tests. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten treatments. Eucalyptus, clove and Melaleuca alternifolia essential oils reduced the incidence percentage of fungi associated with leucena seeds. Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil reduced the physiological quality of leucena seeds.</span> <br /><br />
Characterizing the Nash and Raiffa bargaining solutions by disagreement point axions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We provide a new characterization of the n -person Nash bargaining solutions which does not involve Nash's Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives axiom, but mainly uses axioms which concern changes in the disagreement point and leave the feasible set fixed. The main axiom requires a convex combination of a disagreement point and the corresponding solution point to give rise to that same solution point. Further, we describe how the disagreement point approach can be applied to other bargaining solutions. The main result of the latter part is a first characterization of the so-called Continuous Raiffa solution. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Hyperandrogenic States in Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperandrogenic states in pregnancy are almost always the result of a condition that arises during pregnancy. The onset of virilization symptoms is often very fast. The mother is protected against hyperandrogenism by a high level of SHBG, by placental aromatase and a high level of progesterone. The fetus is protected from the mother’s hyperandrogenism partly by the placental aromatase, that transforms the androgens into estrogens, and partly by SHGB. Nevertheless there is a significant risk of virilization of the female fetus if the mother’s hyperandrogenic state is serious. The most frequent cause of hyperandrogenic states during pregnancy are pregnancy luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis. Hormonal production is evident in a third of all luteomas, which corresponds to virilization in 25-35 % of mothers with luteoma. The female fetus is afflicted with virilization with two thirds of virilized mothers. Hyperreactio luteinalis is created in connection with a high level of hCG, e.g. during multi-fetus pregnancies. This condition most frequently arises in the third trimester, virilization of the mother occurs in a third of cases. Virilization of the fetus has not yet been described. The most serious cause of hyperandrogenism is represented by ovarian tumors, which are fortunately rare.
Relationship between Th17 cells and Tregs cells and atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The progression of atherosclerosis from fatty streaks to more complex lesions and plaque rupture involves many different cell types and cytokine networks, the most significant among which is Treg cells and Th17 cells, and various cytokines secreted by these two cells. Although the role of Th17 cells in atherosclerosis is still controversial, most of these studies have demonstrated that Th17 cell has the role of proatherosclerosis. By contrast, Treg cells play a protective role in atherosclerosis. Further, the balance between Th17 and Treg cells is important in the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focused on the latest research progress of the biological characteristics of Th17 cells and Treg cells, as well as the influence of Th17 cells, Treg cells and the balance of these two types of cells on atherosclerosis.
Identify Major Gene-Gene Interaction Effects Using SNPHarvester

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

광범위 유전자 연관(genome-wide association) 연구에서는 무수히 많은 유전자들 중에 인간의 질병에 관련된 유전자를 찾아왔다. 기존의 인간 질병에 관련된 유전자를 찾는 방법에서 이렇게 많은 유전자들 중에서 우수한 유전자를 찾는데 직접 이용할 시에는 계산이 복잡해지고 비용이 많이 들어가며 시간이 오래 걸린다는 단점이 생긴다. 따라서 이번 수많은 유전자들 중 주요 유전자 그룹을 찾는 방법으로 SNPHarvester가 개발되였다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 질병이 아닌 한우의 여러 경제형질에 관련된 우수 유전자를 SNPHarvester를 이용하여 17 개의 SNP들 중에서 우수한 유전자 그룹을 찾았고 의사결정나무(decision tree)를 이용하여 한우의 여러 경제형질을 높일 수 있는 SNP 그룹 내의 우수 유전자형도 함께 규명할 수 있었다. The gene which is related in the disease of the human has been searched among numerous genes in GWA(Genome-Wide Association) research. However, most current statistical methods used to detect gene-gene interactions in disease association studies cannot be easily applied to handle the whole genome association study(GWAS) due to heavy computing. Therefore SNPHarvester is developed to find the main gene group among numerous genes. This research finds the superior gene groups which are related with the economic traits of the Korean beef cattle, not that of human, among sets of SNPs by using SNPHarvester, and also finds the superior genotypes which can enhance various qualities of Korean beef among SNP groups.
[Profile of surgical tumors of the mediatinum. Apropos of a series of 742 operated patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors seek to draw statistical conclusions on the basis of 742 surgically treated mediastinal tumours. Tumours of the thymus were the most common (20%). They were followed by tumours of the thyroid, neurogenic tumours, haematosarcomas and mediastinal cysts - all with an occurrence rate of around 12 to 15%. From a histological standpoint, 34.5% of the tumours were malignant or "potentially malignant". After a topographical study of these tumours, the authors discuss the possibilities of surgical treatment, the latter being great even in the case of malignant lesions.
Association between the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and the course of acute myocardial infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim . To investigate the relationship between the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and the course of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods . An analysis of the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was conducted using beta-blocker-based osmotic fragility test in sixty-two patients within the first 6 hours after onset of MI symptoms. Results . The results revealed that the patients with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility experienced more complications after acute MI, such as left ventricular failure and cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia) (p = 0.026). Moreover, these patients exhibited greater myocardial injury - the concentration of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, such as creatine phosphokinase, creatine phosphokinase MB and Troponin I was increased - p = 0.009, p = 0.032 and p = 0.001, respectively. In addition to that, the patients with high osmotic fragility had a larger number of hypokinetic and akinetic segments, high impaired myocardial contractility index, and low ejection fraction. The impaired myocardial contractility index was significantly higher in patients with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (1.5 (1.22; 1.75) vs 1.12 (1.0; 1.56), U = 157.5, p = 0.032). Conclusion . Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients was associated with greater myocardial injury, manifesting through the higher concentration of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis in blood, as well as higher number of hypokinetic segments.
A Case of Peromelia, Meromelia and Adactyly in A Calf

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An 11 days old female calf constitutes the material of this case report. Inpatient’s history, some information was obtained that calf was artificialinsemination offspring, had normal birth and 3. calf of its mother. Afterclinical and radiographic evaluation, it diagnosed as peromelia in rightextremite, and meromelia and adactyly in left extremite, and hiperflexion in bothelbow joint. Decubitus wound due to the hiperflexion was cleaned and wet dressing withantibacterial agent was applied. Antibiotic was applied for possible seconderinfections caused by wound. It has been suggested that dressingsshould be regularly refurbished, that the conditions of care be improved and thatattention to feeding.
Ancient Egyptian Kingship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume is the collaborative effort of several Egyptological scholars from the United States, Canada, Egypt, and England; each contribution is a comprehensive investigation of a specific aspect of kingship in ancient Egypt and represents a particular area of expertise of that author. The first part of the book examines the nature of kingship and the role of the ruler. The second part of the book focuses on the role of kingship and its characterization in particular periods. The last section of the volume consists of two studies on the concretization of royalty in architectural contexts. Ancient Egyptian Kingship is the most comprehensive work in English on the subject since Henri Frankfort published Kingship and the Gods in 1948. Richly illustrated with photographs, plans, and diagrams, it is a new, extensively researched analysis of the topic.
Dark-Light Rhythms in the Sediments of the Japan Sea: Preliminary Results from Site 798, with Some Additional Results from Sites 797 and 799

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ocean Drilling Program Legs 127 and 128 in the Japan Sea have revealed the existence of numerous dark-light rhythms of remarkable consistency in sediments of late Miocene, latest Pliocene, and especially Pleistocene age.Light-colored units within these rhythms are massive or bioturbated, consist of diatomaceous clays, silty clays, or nannofossil-rich clays, and are generally poor in organic matter.Dark-colored units are homogeneous, laminated, or thinly bedded and include substantial amounts of biogenic material such as well-preserved diatoms, planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils, and organic matter (maximum 7.4 wt%).The dark-light rhythms show a similar geometrical pattern on three different scales: First-order rhythms consist of a cluster dominated by dark-colored units followed by a cluster dominated by light-colored units (3-5 m).Spectral analysis of a gray-value time series suggests that the frequencies of the first-order rhythms in sediments of latest Pliocene and Pleistocene age correlate to the obliquity and the eccentricity cycles.The second-order dark-light rhythms include a light and a dark-colored unit (10-160 cm).They were formed in time spans of several hundred to several ten thousand years, with variance centering around 10,500 yr.This frequency may correspond to half the precessional cycle.Third-order rhythms appear as laminated or thinly bedded dark-light couplets (2-15 mm) within the dark-colored units of the second-order rhythms and may represent annual frequencies.In interpreting the rhythms, we have to take into account that (1) the occurrence of the first-and second-order rhythms is not necessarily restricted to glacial or interglacial periods as is shown by preliminary stable-isotope analysis and comparison with the published δ 18 θ record;(2) they appear to be Milankovitch-controlled; and (3) a significant number of the rhythms are sharply bounded.The origin of the dark-light rhythms is probably related to variations in monsoonal activity in the Japan Sea, which show annual frequencies, but also operates in phase with the orbital cycles.
Neuropsychology's Role in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuropsychology plays an essential role in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Evaluations provide information to inform presurgical decision-making by addressing localization and lateralization of deficits and by informing risk of postsurgical decline. The pediatric neuropsychologist also assists with multiple additional procedures, including the Wada or Intracarotid amobarbital procedure, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and brain mapping (on the ward and in the operating room), to measure localization and lateralization of eloquent cortex as well as adequacy of brain tissue to be resected and risk of resection of specific cortex. Neuropsychology provides postsurgical outcome information not only for individual patients, but as “quality control” for epilepsy surgery. Multiple factors complicate individual patient data interpretation, and these factors are essential to understand and consider. Developmental considerations are paramount. Although methodological differences between studies can also make surgical outcome studies challenging to interpret, neuropsychological data suggest that pediatric surgery can improve developmental outcomes and trajectories, particularly if resection is done early and without lengthy presurgical seizure duration, although longer seizure duration and polypharmacy, more widespread disease, and larger areas of resection, particularly of critical eloquent cortex, can be costly to the individual patient. Additional and more refined research is needed.
Smart Solutions in Agricultural Robotics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The article contains an overview and prospects for the introduction of smart and robotic technologies in the agricultural industry. Today, robotization of agriculture and food technology is not a leading industry compared to robotization of other sectors of the economy. Analytical review of the global robotics market revealed that robots in the food industry account for 2% of the total, and robots for agricultural operations account for less than 1%. We analyzed global trends in robotization and the introduction of artificial intelligence in agriculture in various countries. A review of smart robotic technologies, in particular, smart sensors and actuators, the Internet of Things, cloud technologies, methods of data analysis, forecasting, classification, and image recognition using neural networks, is provided. Methods and means are considered in relation to both crop production and livestock production. Four main classes of intelligent technologies in agriculture were identified: robotics, Internet of Things, machine learning, and UAVs. In crop production, robots are common in harvesting, controlling weeds, processing trees, monitoring trees at different stages of the growing season, including leaf and fruit diseases, counting the number of flowers and fruits, and other operations. Identification of fruits, leaves, weeds, as well as diseases of fruits and leaves is performed using computer vision, and in recent years convolutional neural networks have become widespread. Field monitoring is performed using UAVs with subsequent image processing using spectral analysis methods. In livestock farming, smart technologies are represented by feeding and milking robots, livestock monitoring, detection of predators, navigation in livestock buildings, monitoring animal health and behavior. Smart technologies are also used in fish farming to create smart farms. In this mini review, we have tried to integrate advanced smart and robotic technologies for various agricultural operations.
De-realised Women: Performance and Identity in Churchill’s Top Girls

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For a decade now, deliberate confusion of dramatic roles and playfulness about otherwise serious concepts of gender and history have distinguished Caryl Churchill's plays from the work of mainstream playwrights in Great Britain and the United States. For instance, six performers in Light Shining in Buckinghamshire play twenty-four different dramatis personae with individual role assignments which vary from scene to scene and are unrelated to the performers' actual sexes. In the finale of Vinegar Tom, her "sequel" to Light Shining, two female performers portray two seventeenth-century theologians in the top hat and tails of music hall entertainers, singing with great irony the song "Evil Women." In a prefatory note to Traps, Churchill describes the play as an "impossible object," like an Escher drawing: "In the play, the time, the place, the characters' motives and relationships cannot all be reconciled — they can happen on stage, but there is no other reality for them.... The characters can be thought of as living many of their possibilities at once."1 The cast of seven performers in Cloud Nine, Churchill's first bona-fide commercial hit, play thirteen roles of varying age, gender, and race. In Act One, a white performer plays a black servant, a male performer plays the role of a woman, a female performer plays a boy, and a small dummy represents an infant girl. Act Two brings a degree of naturalism as women play women and men play men, with the exception of Cathy, a five-year-old girl played by a man.
Risk-Based Design Margin Selection for Heat Exchangers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For more than a quarter century, business and industry have used risk-based matrices to quantify probability and consequences in decision making. However, this tool has not yet been applied to the heat exchanger design process. Adding a design margin to the calculated size of an exchanger is common practice. This margin represents the added heat exchanger area necessary to provide confidence that the exchanger will operate as required throughout its run cycle. An assumption is made that the additional area will not have a deleterious impact on performance. This report introduces the concept of a risk-based design margin selection process as a quantitative aid in separating the individual components that comprise the uncertainty in heat exchanger design. In addition, it provides a technique to help the designer determine a reasonable, cost-effective margin to apply to the heat exchanger. Two example cases show the application of the procedure.
An Initialization-free Distributed Algorithm for Power Dispatch Problem with Multiple Resources of Future Distribution Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the gradual development of bidirectional interacted future distribution network, it is necessary to enter distributed clean power sources with various characteristics, including wind turbine and solar panel. Traditional centralized control has difficulties to fulfill the demands of future distribution networks for safe, stable, and efficient operation. Aiming at the constrained power allocation problem widely studied in smart grid, with the cooperative control algorithm of continuous multi-agent system, this paper proposed a distributed optimization allocation strategy, which is free by the initial state. The proposed distributed algorithm implements parameterization by adding auxiliary variables. In the iterative process, the algorithm only needs to know the state of the distributed power supply of the neighbor, and finally solve the global optimal solution of the system. The simulations prove that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the economic dispatch performance. Furthermore, comparing to the existing algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves faster optimal solution.