jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of interaction between perceived health and social activity on depressive symptoms in the middle-aged and elderly: a population-based longitudinal study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To examine the synergistic effect of interaction between perceived health and social activity on depressive symptoms. Methods We investigated whether the interaction between perceived health and social activity has a synergistic effect on depressive symptoms in the middle-aged and elderly using data from 6590 respondents aged 45 and older in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA), 2006–2012. A generalised linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate the association in a longitudinal data form. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 Scale (CES-D10). Perceived health and level of social activity were categorical variables with three values. Participation in six social activities was assessed. Results Interactions between perceived health status and social activity were statistically significant for almost all social activity/perceived health combinations. Addition of the interaction term significantly decreased CES-D10 scores, confirming the synergistic effect of the interaction between perceived health status and social activity (‘normal×moderate’, β=−0.1826; ‘poor×moderate’, β=−0.5739; ‘poor×active’, β=−0.8935). In addition, we performed stratified analyses by region: urban or rural. In urban respondents, the additional effect of the interaction term decreased CES-D10 scores and all social activity/perceived health combinations were statistically significant (‘normal×moderate’, β=−0.2578; ‘normal×active’, β=−0.3945; ‘poor×moderate’, β=−0.5739; ‘poor×active’, β=−0.8935). In rural respondents, only one social activity/perceived health combination was statistically significant, and the additional effect of the interaction term showed no consistent trend on CES-D10 scores. Conclusions The interaction between perceived health and social activity has a synergistic effect on depressive symptoms; the additional effect of the interaction term significantly decreased CES-D10 scores in our models.
The effect of administration of fosfomycin in the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Recently, lack of new antibiotics, together with the rising resistance of antimicrobials against extensively drug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, had caused the restoration of old antibiotics like fosfomycin. Fosfomycin is considered a bactericidal antibiotic of the 1970s. It presents activity against multidrug resistant microorganisms. \nPatients and methods A randomized, controlled trial was designed between November 2015 and April 2016, including 40 patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Patients were classified into two equally sized groups: group A (control group) comprised patients receiving only empirical systemic antibiotics and group B included patients receiving oral fosfomycin combined with empirical systemic antibiotics. Clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as predictors of improvement in both groups. Additionally, improvement and mortality rate were secondary endpoints of assessment. \nResults Age and sex among both groups did not show significant differences. The majority of patients in groups A and B were diagnosed as early-onset pneumonia 75 and 70%, respectively. K. pneumoniae was the most prevalent organism in cases of early as well as late-onset pneumonia (34.4 and 36%, respectively). CPIS and CRP were improved significantly in group B compared with baseline. Furthermore, CPIS and CRP had been declined significantly in group B compared with group A. Despite the significant improvement of CPIS and CRP in group B, it did not show significant lower mortality than in group A. \nConclusion Fosfomycin is an effective antimicrobial agent in the treatment of VAP with low mortality rate. Furthermore, CPIS is a potential score used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy in cases of VAP.
[The protective function and mechanism of notoginsenoside Rb1 against hypoxia hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ERK1/2 pathway might play a role in the rat HHPV. Notoginsenoside Rb, could alleviate HHPV by inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway.
Globotriaosylceramide, Gb3, is an alternative functional receptor for Shiga-like toxin 2e

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We reexamined the binding specificity of the Shiga-like toxin variant associated with porcine edema disease, SLT2e, which is reported to be more cytotoxic for Vero cells than for HeLa cells, by using receptor-deficient cells and a liposomal insertion system for purified glycolipids. We found that SLT2e preferentially uses globotetraosylceramide as a receptor but can also cause cytotoxicity by using globotriaosylceramide, the SLT2 receptor. We conclude that the differential cytotoxicity of SLT2e on HeLa and Vero cells is a function of both the receptor preference of the toxin and the specific glycolipid content of the target cells being used.
Preparing Brigade Combat Team Soldiers for Mission Readiness Through Research on Intangible Psychological Constructs and Their Applications: Phase 1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This research consisted of two phases. In the initial phase, covered in this report, emphasis was placed on identification of psychological constructs that were determined to be critical for operational units as they prepared to deploy. To support the research objectives, a comprehensive literature review including academic and military sources was conducted and approximately one hundred Soldiers and leaders were interviewed. Several meta-constructs were identified, each of which had multiple sub-constructs embedded within them. Interviews with Soldiers and leaders assisted in reducing the list to those intangibles most critical to mission readiness and identifying training gaps related to the criticality and effectiveness of the relevant intangibles. This identification assisted the second phase of this research that focused on instrument development and identification of effective learning methods; the second phase is covered in a second report. See also ARI Technical Report 1333.
Profound Vagal Tone and Bradycardia Mimicking Asystole: A Resuscitation Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 48-year-old man presented with dizziness. When he arrived at the emergency department, he collapsed and became pulseless. Prior to his collapse, he was asymptomatic and now even participated in multiple marathon and ultra-running events per year. However, he previously experienced a vasospastic inferior STEMI eight years prior from cocaine use. As a result, he had an ischaemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF of 45%. He never took any further illicit substances after the STEMI; instead, he changed his lifestyle completely and commenced extreme endurance sports. After one hour of alternations between VF/VT rhythms and asystole, a rhythm check demonstrated a single complex with a corresponding pulse. He had received 12 mg of epinephrine up to that point as per local resuscitation guidelines. Upon diagnosing extreme bradycardia, 2 mg of total atropine administration resulted in ROSC. We theorise that this bradycardia was a result of increased vagal tone as ROSC was quickly achieved following atropine administration.
Mapping the capacity of health promotion interventions for non-communicable diseases in Oman

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic medical conditions that are, by definition, non-infectious, and non-transmissible among people and caused by a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors. Affecting all age groups, regions and countries, NCDs cause 72% of deaths in Oman. Health promotion (HP) capacity development is considered fundamental to strengthening and sustaining action against NCDs. This study aimed to map the existing HP capacity for NCDs in Oman by assessing existing knowledge, skills, commitment, structure, systems and leadership and identifying gaps where further capacity is required. The current study used an adapted version of the World Health Organization capacity mapping tool for HP to assess the stage of development across eight HP capacity domains. Quantitative data were collected from 306 geographically dispersed participants across Oman via an online cross-sectional survey. Analyses revealed low scores in policies and plans, collaboration, partnership and professional development domains and even lower scores in the domains of program delivery, information systems and financing. We recommend Oman build and develop more capacity in all domains. The implications of findings are discussed in the context of the current HP policy and practice in Oman.
Potential of silk proteins in cosmetics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Synthetic and inorganic chemical ingredients in cosmetic products pose serious health impacts on skin and hair. Much emphasis has been laid on the development of cost-effective, eco-friendly and user-friendly cosmetic products from time to time. Manufacturing cosmetics using natural ingredients is considered as a viable alternative to overcome the side effects of synthetics. Silk is a natural biopolymer obtained from cocoons of sericigenous insects like silkworms. It constitutes two proteins, viz., fibroin and sericin. Fibroin is the central core protein glued with sericin protein forming silken cocoons together. Both the proteins possess remarkable attributes viz, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-tyrosinase activity, efficient UV resistance, kinase activity, excellent release and absorption of moisture. The silk protein attributes are advantageous for body skin, hair and nails. It possesses a wide range of cosmetic applications such as facilitation of hair growth, improvement in softening and lustre of hair, rejuvenation of body and skin cells, UVB protection, prevention of chapping and brittleness of nails, and skin brightening. Due to its low molecular weight, easily penetrates the hair strands and skin cells, binds the keratin in hair and forms a protective layer to prevent moisture loss. A wide range of products have been developed for use in cosmetics viz., SILKPRO, SILKALL, SILKPRO 1000. These products are used as natural ingredients due to their potent applications in cosmetics. The cosmetic industry can be developed by proper utilization of silk in its organic products while promoting value addition to sericulture industry.
Effects of Early Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Administration and its Subsequent Withdrawal on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Pig Model

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic exposure in early life has shown to be a significant risk factor for later fat accumulation in human. However, whether early sub-therapeutic antibiotic (STA) exposure affects body composition and its mechanisms remains unclear. The present study used a combination of comparative slaughter method, microbiota, and metabolomics measurement to investigate the effects of early STA administration and its subsequent withdrawal on body composition, colonic microbiota and metabolite profiles in a pig model. The piglets were fed the same basal starter diet added with STA (STA) or without STA (CON) for two weeks during the administration period, and then all piglets were switched to the same nursery diet without STA during the withdrawal period until they reached approximately 25 kg body weight. Results: Results showed that STA did not significantly improve piglet growth performance during the administration period and the withdrawal period. Piglets treated with the STA had a lower body water deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period, and tended to have increased body lipid deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period and the whole period than CON group. It was found that STA was initially effective in decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria during the administration period, such as Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Solobacterium, and Sutterella. However, they could not continue the effect during the withdrawal period, leading to the rebound of pathogenic bacteria such as Alloprevotella and the increase of the abundance of other pathogenic bacteria like Oscillibacter. Remarkably, STA treatment decreased the abundance of Blautia that play a potential protective role against obesity either during the administration period or the withdrawal period. Metabolomic analysis indicated that STA mainly altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism during the two periods. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the gut microbiota was highly correlated with microbial metabolites changes. Conclusion: These results suggest that STA administration may alter tissue deposition through reshaping the gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles.
ASSIMILATION OF NUTRIENTS BY CULTURED HYBRID LOBSTERS (Homarussp.) FED EXPERIMENTAL DIETS1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Indirect calorimetry and the chromic oxide indicator method were employed to investigate the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients by cultured lobsters ( Homarus sp.) growing on experimental diets. Starved and fed lobsters were compared by observing food and oxygen consumption and fecal and urinary excretions in a closed, recirculating metabolic chamber. Apparent digestible and metabolizable energy and nitrogen were determined for 2 diets, which differed in the type and level of protein and carbohydrate. The apparent digestibility of diet 79F, a purified ration containing 46.8% crude protein, was 68.8% on an as‐fed basis, with an apparent digestibility of energy of 88.1%. For diet SM25B, which contained 61.1% crude protein including shrimp meal, apparent digestibility was 66.2% as‐fed and the apparent digestibility of energy was 91.3%. Metabolizable energy values of 4.59 and 4.65 kcal/g dry weight were obtained for diets 79F and SM25B respectively. Growth on the two diets was similar but lobsters fed 79F consumed and excreted significantly more than those fed SM25B. For both diets protein and lipid were better than 90% digested, but the carbohydrate fraction was only about 65% digestible. The apparent higher nutritive value of SM25B for lobsters may be related to protein quality and improved efficiency of utilization.
The (Non)-Existence of Stable Mechanisms in Incomplete Information Environments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider two-sided matching markets, and study the incentives of agents to circumvent a centralized clearing house by signing binding contracts with one another. It is well-known that if the clearing house implements a stable match and preferences are known, then no group of agents can profitably deviate in this manner. We ask whether this property holds even when agents have incomplete information about their own preferences or the preferences of others. We find that it does not. In particular, when agents are uncertain about the preferences of others, every mechanism is susceptible to deviations by groups of agents. When, in addition, agents are uncertain about their own preferences, every mechanism is susceptible to deviations in which a single pair of agents agrees in advance to match to each other.
Best Bounds for Fekete-Szegö Functional for the kth Root Transform of Certain Subclasses of Sakaguchi Type functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In recent research, working on coefficient bounds is very popular and useful to deal with geometric properties of the underlying functions. In this work, two new subclasses of Sakaguchi type functions with respect to symmetric points through subordination are considered. Moreover, the initial coefficients and the sharp upper bounds for the functional $|\rho_{2k+1}-\mu \rho_{k+1}^{2}|$ corresponding to $k^{th}$ root transformation belong to the above classes are obtained and thoroughly investigated.
The correlation analysis between insulin resistance,inflammation factors and cognitive dysfunction in pa-tients with metabolic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To explore the correlation between insulin resistance, inflammation factors and cognitive dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) .

Methods
150 cases of patients with MS were chosen, and they were divided into group A1 (n=68) and group A2 (n=82) according to whether they were with mild cognitive dysfunction (MCI) . 50 healthy cases chosen from physical examination were set as group B. The general data, laboratory examination results and inflammatory factor levels were compared between each group.MCI was set as dependent variable, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) , high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) , and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were set as independent variables. The relationship between inflammatory factor, insulin resistance and MCI was analyzed with multiple factors logistic regression analysis.

Results
The difference of body mass index (BMI) , total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , low density lipoprotein (LDL) , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) , fasting blood glucose (FBG) , hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) , fasting insulin (FINS) , and ISI between the three groups had statistical significance (P<0.05) . The levels of HbA1c in group A1 and group A2 were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.05) . FBG and FINS showed a trend of reduce among the three groups, while ISI showed a trend of increase. The difference had statistical significance between each group (P<0.05) .The difference of hs-CRP, TNF-α between the three groups had statistical significance (P<0.05) . Levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α in group A1 were significantly higher than those in group A2 and group B, while the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α in A2 group was significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.05) . Point biserial correlation analysis showed that the risk of MCI for MS patients had positive correlation with FBG, FINS, hs-CRP and TNF-α (r=0.219, 0.231, 0.309 and 0.287, P<0.05) , while it had negative correlation (r=-0.294, P<0.05) with ISI. Multiariable logistic regression analysis showed that the more severe of insulin resistance (the lower ISI) , the higher of inflammatory factor hs-CRP and TN-α, the greater the risk of MCI in patients with MS.

Conclusion
Insulin resistance and inflammation degree are more obvious in patients with MS combined with MCI, which can predict risk of cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS.

Key words:
Metabolic syndrome; Insulin resistance; Inflammation factors; Cognitive dysfunction
Evoked Potentials: Ensembles of Brain Induced Rhythmicities in the Alpha, Theta and Gamma Ranges

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This chapter is based on our working hypothesis interpreting the evoked potential (EP) as a stimulus-induced synchronization and enhancement of the spontaneous EEG activity (Başar 1980). According to this hypothesis, the superposition of evoked rhythmicities in several frequency channels can give rise to the compound EP (an example is given in the appendix to this chapter).
Victimization and Perpetration among Perinatal Substance Abusers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study examined associations between demographic, psychiatric, substance abuse, and childhood abuse variables and past 30-day victimization and perpetration among 77 perinatal substance abusers. Victimization rates were 70% emotional, 34% physical, 29% sexual, and 42% personal freedom violations. For perpetration, incidence was 71% emotional, 25% physical, 5% sexual, and 9% personal freedom violations. Through univariate regression, Addiction Severity Index (ASI) psychiatric and drug composite scores, childhood physical abuse, borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found to significantly predict victimization. In contrast, ASI psychiatric and drug composite scores, BPD, PTSD, and aggressive-sadistic and antisocial personality disorders were found to significantly predict perpetration. In multiple regression models, ASI drug and psychiatric composite scores accounted for the majority of the variance for both victimization and perpetration, suggesting that women with high ASI scores should be queried about their involvement in abusive acts at time of admission to drug treatment.
Health Care Information Technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

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LEVEL OF EUTROPHICATION AND PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN ZHANJIANG BAY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the surveyed data of water quality in Zhanjiang Bay in Aug.,2007 and the historical data,the eutrophication situation and the phytoplankton diversity etc.in the sea area were analyzed.The results showed that: 1) The level of eutrophication(E) is 1 in each station,indicating the Zhanjiang Bay is eutrophied very much;2) The radio of N and P is out of balance.The pollution of N and P in north is heavier than in south.P is the limita-tion factor of phytoplankton growth in north and N is the limitation factor in south;3) The level of eutrophication increases obviously in recent 10 years.The reason is the increasing of the DIP level.The level of eutrophication decreased from north to south,from west to east and from inshore to offshore;4) The diversity index of phytoplankton(H′) changes from 1.45 to 3.4 and the average is 2.42±0.31;the evenness index(J) changes from 0.48 to 0.89 and the average is 0.67±0.02;The distribution of the diversity index and the evenness index are simi-lar,decreased from north to south,from west to east and from inshore to offshore;5) The diversity index and the evenness index were positively related to the level of eutrophication.