jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Graph Circuits: Deep Generative Models for Tractable Probabilistic Inference over Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep generative models (DGMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable success in capturing complex probability distributions over graphs. Although their excellent performance is attributed to powerful and scalable deep neural networks, it is, at the same time, exactly the presence of these highly non-linear transformations that makes DGMs intractable. Indeed, despite representing probability distributions, intractable DGMs deny probabilistic foundations by their inability to answer even the most basic inference queries without approximations or design choices specific to a very narrow range of queries. To address this limitation, we propose probabilistic graph circuits (PGCs), a framework of tractable DGMs that provide exact and efficient probabilistic inference over (arbitrary parts of) graphs. Nonetheless, achieving both exactness and efficiency is challenging in the permutation-invariant setting of graphs. We design PGCs that are inherently invariant and satisfy these two requirements, yet at the cost of low expressive power. Therefore, we investigate two alternative strategies to achieve the invariance: the first sacrifices the efficiency, and the second sacrifices the exactness. We demonstrate that ignoring the permutation invariance can have severe consequences in anomaly detection, and that the latter approach is competitive with, and sometimes better than, existing intractable DGMs in the context of molecular graph generation.
Nitrogen Budget in soil under Different Cropping system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To understand the contribution of legumes in term of nitrogen (N) addition, and to determine N-budget, we used soil collected after the harvest of the ninth season of cropping for a long-term period experiment with eight cropping systems at ICRISAT Asia Centre (IAC), India. Mineral-N content in the soils under legume-base cropping system……………………
Assessment on Island Ecological Vulnerability to Urbanization: A Tale of Chongming Island, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The twenty first century has witnessed an emerging research interest in island urbanization, which will set further pressure on island ecological vulnerability (IEV), especially in those islands with a fixed link to the mainland. In this contribution, the IEV of eighteen towns and townships in Chongming Island is assessed based on an “exposure (E)-sensitivity (S)-adaptive capacity (A)” framework and by means of the entropy weight method for determination of the weight of fifteen indicators. The assessment results show that: (1) An index system consisting of 1 objective, 3 sub-objectives, 8 elements, and 15 indicators can be established and tested to reflect the IEV to island urbanization; (2) The overall ecological vulnerability of Chongming Island to urbanization is at a rather low level, with only three out of eighteen towns and townships at a moderate high and high IEV level, while the spatial distribution of IEV surrounds Chengqiao, the seat of the district government, and radiates in a fan-shaped manner; (3) Chengqiao inevitably leads among the towns and townships in its IEV value, and its westward urbanization has adversely affected the IEV of adjacent towns Xinhe and Jianshe. (4) Chenjia’s moderate low level of IEV comes as a surprise to the authors, due largely to its proximity to Shanghai. Our proposed E-S-A framework and assessment model could be rationally applied to similar islands with fixed links to the mainland nationally and internationally, which is the major contribution of our study.
Local Neutral Density Enhancement by Streaming Neutral Gas Injection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An array of nozzles arranged in a bicycle-wheel spoke pattern designed to create a region of high neutral gas density in an H - ion source was tested for its capability to generate a pressure gradient in a vacuum chamber. An experimental setup was designed and built to measure the local pressure around the nozzle array. The two-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique was employed to simulate the local pressure distribution around the nozzles and to compare the results with the measurements. Pressure measurements and DSMC simulations showed that the streaming neutral gas injection (SNGI) technique was capable of increasing the local pressure to 200% when the ambient pressure was 3.0 ×10 -2 Pa. At higher ambient pressures, the enhancement factor decreased to 58% when the ambient was 2.8 Pa. A sloshing-type SNGI was also designed and the highest enhancement was 87% at an ambient pressure of 2.6 ×10 -1 Pa.
VALUE ADDED RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT A KEY TO EFFECTIVE MANAGER-SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIPS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ONSIDERABLE effort, in recent years, has been devoted to improving individual, unit, and organisational effectiveness, primarily through the implementation of various types of human resources management policies and practices. Such efforts have yielded mixed results, and we believe this is because the focus of attention has been on the interface of the individual employee with the organisation (and its policies and practices). Largely neglected in prior implementation efforts has been what we believe to be a perhaps more relevant focus of attention, which is directed at the fundamental interaction of organisational life: the managersubordinate relationship. This article presents the case that the manager-subordinate relationship can be problematic for a number of reasons, and until we devote serious attention to preventing the development of dysfunctional relationships, and work at cultivating effective relationships, we should not expect to see maximally effective employees or organisational units. We propose a new approach, called Value Added Relationship Management (VARM), which we believe is a productive way to address manager-subordinate relationship problems, and we discuss its implications for practice.
NetTDP: permutation-based true discovery proportions for differential co-expression network analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Existing methods for differential network analysis could only infer whether two networks of interest have differences between two groups of samples, but could not quantify and localize network differences. In this work, a novel method, permutation-based Network True Discovery Proportions (NetTDP), is proposed to quantify the number of edges (correlations) or nodes (genes) for which the co-expression networks are different. In the NetTDP method, we propose an edge-level statistic and a node-level statistic, and detect true discoveries of edges and nodes in the sense of differential co-expression network, respectively, by the permutation-based sumSome method. Furthermore, the NetTDP method could further localize the differences by inferring the TDPs for edge or gene subsets of interest, which can be selected post hoc. Our NetTDP method allows inference on data-driven modules or biology-driven gene sets, and remains valid even when these sub-networks are optimized using the same data. Experimental results on both simulation data sets and five real data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed method in inferring the quantification and localization of differential co-expression networks. The R code is available at https://github.com/LiminLi-xjtu/NetTDP.
Magnetic-buoyancy-induced mixing in AGB stars: a theoretical explanation of the non-universal relation of [Y/Mg] to age

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. Abundance ratios involving Y or other slow-neutron capture elements are routinely used to infer stellar ages. Aims. We aim to explain the observed [Y/H] and [Y/Mg] abundance ratios of star clusters located in the inner disc with a new prescription for mixing in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Methods. In a Galactic chemical evolution model, we adopted a new set of AGB stellar yields in which magnetic mixing was included. We compared the results of the model with a sample of abundances and ages of open clusters located at different Galactocentric distances. Results. The magnetic mixing causes a less efficient production of Y at high metallicity. A non-negligible fraction of stars with super-solar metallicity is produced in the inner disc, and their Y abundances are affected by the reduced yields. The results of the new AGB model qualitatively reproduce the observed trends for both [Y/H] and [Y/Mg] versus age at different Galactocetric distances. Conclusions. Our results confirm from a theoretical point of view that the relation between [Y/Mg] and stellar age cannot be ‘universal’, that is, cannot be the same in every part of the Galaxy. It has a strong dependence on the star formation rate, on the s-process yields, and on their relation with metallicity, and it therefore varies throughout the Galactic disc.
28 GHz and 38 GHz Dual-Band Vertically Stacked Dipole Antennas on Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrates for Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Handsets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Minimizing the size of mobile antennas is necessary for integrating the components inside a mobile device. Wideband and multiband antennas are also required to cover various 5G mobile communication frequency spectra. This article presents a vertically stacked dipole antenna array operating in the 28/38 GHz dual-band. The proposed antenna is small and satisfies the need for wide bandwidth in the form of a dual band. The antenna structure has symmetric 38 GHz band radiators positioned above and below a multilayer substrate, and a 28 GHz band radiator positioned on the middle plane, providing a dual-band antenna structure with small lateral width. Herein, two types of antenna structures are proposed, each with a single-ended and differential feed structure for compatibility with various RF front ends. The single antenna yields −10 dB bandwidth for return loss of 23.9% and 14.4%, and gain of 4.8 and 4.6 dBi at 28 and 38.5 GHz, respectively. The 4-element antenna array yields a gain of 9.0 dBi at 28 GHz and 10.3 dBi at 38.5 GHz. It was fabricated on a flexible substrate and can be bent and inserted into the lateral edge of the terminal. The proposed antenna elements and arrays satisfy the performance factors requisite for millimeter wave 5G communication including compact size, wideband, dual-band, and adequate gain.
Antibodies to adult human endothelial cells cross-react with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) in systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Cardiovascular manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is implicated in cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, and cross-reacts with antibodies to cardiolipin (aCL). β2-GPI is a plasma protein participating in the coagulating cascade, and is also cofactor for aCL, and some aCL have been shown to be directed against β2-GPI and/or complexes between β2-GPI and phospholipids. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a phospholipid present both in oxLDL and in damaged endothelium, and we recently showed that LPC is involved in the antigenicity of oxLDL. Antibodies to endothelial cells (aEC) correlate with disease activity in SLE and vasculitis, and we recently showed that aEC are enhanced in cardiovascular diseases such as borderline hypertension and early atherosclerosis. aEC were determined using EC from adult V. Saphena Magna. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA. aEC of IgG type were enhanced in 184 patients with SLE compared with 85 healthy controls. There was a close correlation between aoxLDL, aCL, aLPC, aβ2-GPI and aEC. Binding of sera to EC was competitively inhibited by β2-GPI, LPC and oxLDL. Taken together, the data indicate that EC share antigenic epitopes with β2-GPI and with oxLDL, especially LPC. Phospholipids in EC membranes may thus be antigenic epitopes. β2-GPI may bind to these phospholipids, and become an autoantigen. LPC is formed by oxidation of phospholipids and/or proinflammatory factors leading to activation of phospholipase A2, and the findings indicate the potential role of both lipid oxidation and phospholipase A2 in SLE.
Electric properties of polycrystalline (Ba1-xSrx)(Ti1-xZrx)O3solid solution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polycrystalline samples of (Ba1-xSrx)(Ti1-xZrx)O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) were obtained by means of a conventional high temperature technology. SEM measurements show a well-formed structure with visible layers. The increase in Sr+2 and Zr+4 ions concentration reduces the temperature of paraelectric - ferrolectric phase transition and its diffusion increases. In the paraelectric state (for all samples) the Curie-Weiss law is fulfilled. From electric modulus measurements the relaxation times and the activation energy were determined. The investigation confirmed the improvement of the electrical properties compared with polycrystalline barium titanate.
Cutaneous sensory perception training using electrical stimulation: three case studies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It has been demonstrated that sensory ability can be changed by training and that this can cause neuroplastic changes within the brain. This paper describes a device and its use for the training sensory perception by means of electrical stimulation. Additionally the device can be used orthoticly enabling improved ADL skills. The device consists of force sensitive resisters mounted over a pair of self-adhesive electrodes, which place on the pulps of the index finger and thumb. When an object is grasped, the stimulation is delivered, effectively acting as an amplification of normal sensory input. Three CVA subjects are presented whom, after sensory training showed improved proprioception, two point discrimination and Jebsen-Taylor hand function following training.
Trust in Government and Administrative Reform in Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Asian countries enjoy high trust in government except Japan and South Korea. In spite of less developed democracy and corrupt bureaucracies, Asian people satisfy with their democratic system and governmental services. It indicates the coexistence of old “authoritarian-bureaucratic” regimes and popular political leaders based on the newly developed political parties. Despite this situation, Asian leaders are eager to promote administrative reforms copying New Public Management from Anglo-Saxon countries. In recent years, Asian governments attempt an introduction of advanced reform measures such as Results-based Performance Management and Medium Term Expenditure Framework, while reforming public service in Japan has stagnated. We might say that it is a kind of gimmicks to tame a rising middle class to fend off the increasing pressure on democratic governance in Asian countries.
A Heterogenous Online Ensemble Classifier for Bankruptcy Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Considering current economic and market conditions, an ensemble model that generates precise predictions of an organization's possible bankruptcy state is of utmost importance for strategic decision-making. This research paper aims to investigate and apply reputable ensemble classifiers to existing credit datasets to address our identified research problem, which states, "existing ensemble-based bankruptcy forecasting model lack diversity. If classifiers from different base algorithms are combined, we can formulate the much-needed variety to produce the anticipated result of ensemble classifiers when it comes to attaining diversity". This research paper invokes the use of three popular classification techniques, support vector machines, decision trees, and artificial neural networks; these techniques are combined using the bagging and boosting combination method. A varying number of combined classifiers are applied to each classifier ensemble to investigate if diversity plays a role in prediction performance. The results of this report have indicated that diversity plays a role in forming an accurate prediction model. Decisions tree and artificial neural networks ensembles that are applied with 100 and 20 classifiers, respectively, demonstrated increased accuracy rates and prediction performance. Therefore, the results of this research paper generate novel insights into the relationship between diversity and prediction accuracy.
Prevention of radial head instability by augmentation of annular ligament with local triceps tendon sheath autograft in radial head Fixation or Replacement: A case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During radial head plating or replacement it has been observed that the end to end repair of annular ligament was impossible especially when torn.It may cause radial head instability later on.Use of Bell Tawse technique and its modification has been elaborated in literature for the management of chronic radial head instability using Triceps tendon autograft, but its application for prevention of instability in the first place has not been elaborated.This case series will explain prevention of instability of radial head in those cases.During radial head plating or replacement, torn or resected annular ligament was augmented with a strip of autologous triceps tendon sheath graft.During subsequent follow-ups no patient had any instability in the elbow.The mean of Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) was 90 in 6 month follow-up.Radial head instability can be prevented in first place by simply augmenting annular ligament with triceps tendon sheath graft.
Business process management: Attempted concepticide?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The utopian picture of Business Process Management (BPM) is ubiquitous. It is “a fundamental change ” (CSC, 2002), “the holistic business platform for the agile company of the future ” (Smith &amp; Fingar, 2002), “the monniker for the next Killer App ” (Delphi, 2002), “the
Health action zones set up

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Eleven health action zones are being set up in England as the Labour government's first attempt to break the link between poverty and ill health. The areas chosen have a total population of almost six million in some of the most deprived localities.

Although the funding of £5.3m ($8.5m) this year is less than £1 per head, a further £30m is pledged next year, when 10 or 12 more …
Novas alternativas arbóreas para sistemas silvipastoris na Amazônia Oriental.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T23:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nRESUMOS228232.pdf: 609713 bytes, checksum: 1d6007cb32536a79be7b0ec95eb52c24 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 1999-04-26
High Efficiency Energy Absorption Olefinic Foam

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The passing of the federal regulation for head impact protection for upper interior components (FMVSS 201U) has led to the use of a variety of foam materials in interior trim pillar and headliner reinforcement applications. Polyurethane foams and expanded bead foams are some of the commonly used foams in these applications. However, the low energy absorption efficiency (35% - 55%) of the current foams requires the use of 20 mm - 40 mm of packaging space to integrate the countermeasures that make it possible to meet the regulations.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A newly developed high efficiency olefin based foam is able to meet the performance requirements at a reduced packaging space. A combination of physical structure and superior mechanical properties provides the much needed higher efficiency (80% - 90%) of the olefinic foam. This paper discusses the foam architecture and performance benefits for many interior applications, such as energy absorbing countermeasures in pillar trim, headliners, and door panels. Performance comparisons with current competitive foams for head impact applications are also presented.</div></div>
Change of C reative protein and blood liqid in elderly patients living in high altitude area with diabetic nephropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe and compare the change of C reactive protein(CRP) and blood lipid in the elderly patients living in the high altitude area who suffer from the diabetic nephropathy(DN) or type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods To examine CRP contents and blood specifications, elderly 126 patitents who were suffering from the type 2 DM were divided into DM group and DN group. Results The CRP of both DM and DN group was obviously higher than that of the control group (P 0.01), the CRP of DN group was higher than that of DM group (P 0.05), the indexes of the whole blood denseness,blood plasm denseness and erythrocyte denseness were higher than those of the control group (P 0.05).Conclusion CRP and blood lipid change are closely linked to development of DM and DN in the elderly patients.
Ion-momentum imaging of resonant dissociative-electron-attachment dynamics in methanol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the dissociative-electron-attachment (DEA) dynamics in methanol are presented for the Feshbach resonance at 6.5-eV incident electron energy. Highly differential laboratory-frame momentum distributions have been measured for each fragmentation channel using a DEA reaction microscope. These measurements are combined with calculations of the molecular-frame electron attachment probability in order to investigate the dynamics of the dissociating methanol transient negative anion. In contrast to previous comparisons between water and methanol [Curtis and Walker, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 88, 2805 (1992); Prabhudesai, Nandi, Kelkar, and Krishnakumar, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 154309 (2008)], we find subtle differences in the dissociation dynamics of the two fragment channels that are direct evidence of planar symmetry-breaking of warm methanol in its electronic ground state. We also find that the DEA fragmentation does not strictly follow the axial recoil approximation and we describe the dynamics that enable an accurate prediction of the fragment angular distributions.
Numerical Simulation of Axial-Flow Fan with Adjustable Vanes in the Pant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the axial-flow fan with adjustable vanes in a power plant of Tangshan, the internal flow with different inlet speeds during the axial-flow fan run were simulated with FLUENT software package. The results showed that if inlet velocity was greater than the critical velocity, the flow was relatively uniform. If inlet velocity was lower than the critical velocity, a vortex caused by tip leakage would decrease fan efficiency and induce surge.The impact increased gradually with increasing of the moving blade angle. The results were consistent with the actual and provided further evidence for high efficient and safe operation of axial-flow fans.