jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Christian Witness on Abortion: The Examples of Paul Ramsey and Stanley Hauerwas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Paul Ramsey and Stanley Hauerwas are arguably the most prominent United Methodist thinkers to date to write extensively on abortion. This article takes up a ripe and illuminating task neglected by the ethicists themselves and the secondary literature: bringing their views on this issue into conversation. More specifically, this article discusses their considerations on the value of unborn human life, the “hard cases,” the church community’s role, and the place of legal reform. The article concludes by placing their remarks in the context of official Catholic teaching, and contending that despite some shortcomings in the two thinkers’ considerations, Christians on different sides of the abortion debate should incorporate these authors’ insights by expressing a “rational account of fetal development” (as per Ramsey), a charitable approach to hard cases, a “theological idiom” (as per Hauerwas), and an appropriate level of political concern.
Packaging and Irradiation Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Volatiles in Pork Patties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Raw‐meat patties were prepared from three pork muscles, irradiated in different packaging environments, and stored for 0 or 3 days before cooking. Lipid oxidation by‐products were formed in the raw meat during storage and the baseline lipid oxidation data of raw meat was used to measure the progression of lipid oxidation after cooking. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and volatiles data indicated that preventing oxygen exposure after cooking was more important for cooked meat quality than packaging, irradiation, or storage conditions of raw meat. Propanal, pentanal, hexanal, 1 ‐pentanol, and total volatiles correlated highly (P < 0.01) with TBARS values of cooked meat. Hexanal and total volatiles represented the lipid oxidation status better than any other individual volatile components.
‘What do I fear? Myself?’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Per Sivefors investigates Renaissance dream theories in relation to notions of conscience, arguing for an increasingly 'ambiguous status of conscience [which] pushes dreams in direction of a psychologizing approach – dreams as revealing truths about the human self' after the Reformation. Thus the Reformation shift towards linking individualized interiority, conscience and guilt is seen as prefiguration of the 'internalized conscience' of the Gothic (Sage). In this context the (proto-)Gothicism of the nightmares in Shakespeare's Richard III is connected to their 'function of a guilty conscience'. The 'staged vision of the ghosts becomes an image of Richard's divided interior' as 'the level of introspection is more important than the level of divine retribution'. In this sense the Shakespearean nightmares anticipate 'an irresolution between supernatural and psychological causes' in Gothic fiction (Hogle 213).
Solitary death in coupled limit-cycle oscillators with higher-order interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Coupled limit cycle oscillators with pairwise interactions depict phase transitions to amplitude or oscillation death. This Letter introduces a scheme for higher-order interactions, which can not be decomposed into pairwise interactions. We investigate Stuart Landau oscillators' dynamical evolution under the impression of such a coupling scheme and discover a particular type of oscillator death where a coupling-dependent stable death state, away from the origin, arises in isolation without being accompanied by any other stable state. We call such a state a Solitary death state. Moreover, the explosive transition to the death state is preceded by a surge in amplitude, followed by the revival of the oscillations. Such versatile dynamical states are further enriched with sensitivity to initial conditions. Finally, we point out the resemblance of the results with different dynamical states associated with epileptic seizures.
Renal Transplantation and the Living Donor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal transplantation in end-stage renal disease is now an accepted medical procedure but the source and origin of the grafted organ (living donor vs. cadaveric kidney) remain controversial and it appears that each transplant team has to work out its own guidelines. We present the results of questionnaires and interviews of a large number of donors, many of them looking back on their experience with the knowledge that unfortunately, and in the long run, their sacrifice proved to be in vain. All our subjects evaluated their participation as donors in the transplant program in a very positive way. There was general agreement that none of them was significantly harmed by his action and that, in the realms of self-knowledge and feelings of self-worth and self-respect, the act of donorship turned out to be a very positive and very highly valued experience. These donors' opinions and attitudes, their relatively unconflicted conduct, are in sharp contrast with the agonizing appraisal of many a transplant team. It remains the task of the team doctors to weigh and balance risks and advantages of such an intervention and to be the advocate of both the donor and the recipient. It is to them that we offer our findings in the hope that it may help them in that difficult decision-making process.
The District Nurse’s role: Caseload Profiling, the journey from academia to effective practice implementation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article looks at one student’s journey in taking theory and applying it to practice by caseload profiling on practice placement and how this has subsequently led to practice development. It is widely appreciated that demographics are impacting on the delivery of healthcare in Scotland. This led to the student‘s realisation of the importance of district nurses managing, evidencing and delivering an equitable service. Caseload profiling is a vital tool to deliver this and the article will explore caseload profiling and how this can be applied to practice. It will also explore the benefits and challenges of applying caseload profiling in practice and equip readers in the skill of caseload profiling.
Cadmium Alters Phosphate Level and Suppresses Activity of Phosphorolytic Enzymes in Germinating Rice Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of increasing concentration of Cd on the metabolic status of phosphate and the activity of its metabolizing enzymes acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase were examined in germinating rice ( Oryza sativa ) seeds. During a 0‐120 h germination period in the two rice cvs., Ratna and Jaya, 500 μM Cd caused a 2‐3‐times increase in phosphate level in embryo axes compared to controls. Cadmium concentration of 500 μM in situ caused about 12‐14% and 20‐30 % decline in acid phosphatase activity in endosperms and embryo axes respectively during 72‐96 h of germination. With 500 μM Cd treatment in situ about 27‐43 % inhibition in alkaline phosphatase activity was noticed in endosperms and 40‐70 % in embryo axes. With 2 mM Cd salt in vitro about 60‐92 % inhibition in the activity of acid phosphatase and 80‐95 % inhibition of alkaline phosphatases was observed in enzyme preparations from embryo axes. However, a Cd level of 50‐100 μM caused stimulation in the activity of inorganic pyrophosphatase. Isoenzymic studies revealed four acid phosphatase isoenzymes in embryo axes with Rf values 0.15, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.49 and three isoenzymes in endosperms with Rf values 0.18, 0.24 and 0.40. The band intensities decreased under Cd treatment. Results indicate possible suppression of the phosphorolytic activities in germinating rice seeds under Cd stress.
BOUNDARY SLOPES OF IMMERSED SURFACES IN HAKEN MANIFOLDS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we give a bound for the number of boundary slopes of orientable immersed proper π 1 -injective surfaces of given genus g in an orientable Haken 3-manifold M with a torus boundary, where the bound is independent of M, and a function of g and m, the number of the Jaco–Shalen–Johannson decomposition tori of M.
Appendix D. A table showing female Papilio machaon aliaska oviposition preferences for fractions F3a, F3b, and F3c of the polar extracts of Cnidium cnidiifolium, Artemisia arctica, and Petasites frigidus.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A table showing female Papilio machaon aliaska oviposition preferences for fractions F3a, F3b, and F3c of the polar extracts of Cnidium cnidiifolium, Artemisia arctica, and Petasites frigidus.
Autonomous data-driven delamination detection in laminated composites with limited and imbalanced data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study addresses the challenges of data scarcity and class imbalance in structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite structures. Data-driven SHM techniques that benefit from non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are used in various composite structures. However, the lack of damaged state data causes data scarcity and class imbalance problems that prevent robust diagnostics of composite structures. This study introduces a novel data-driven multi-class data augmentation method for composite structures, employing a multi-class generative adversarial network (MC-GAN) for the first time to generate synthetic data for multiple classes without the need for excessive experimentation or simulation. Additionally, the MC-GAN model is integrated with the convolutional neural network (CNN) to develop the MC-GAN-CNN model for autonomous data augmentation and delamination detection. The approach has been validated using experimentally obtained vibrational data for laminated composites. The damage detection using manual feature extraction showed overfitting and very high standard deviation during 10-fold cross-validation for various machine learning models. However, the proposed method suggested a more rigorous assessment with a mean accuracy of 99.72 ± 0.08 %. In addition, the proposed framework assists in handling the delamination detection problem autonomously without requiring hand-crafted statistical features with a good generalization capability.
Engineered Microsystems for Spheroid and Organoid Studies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 3D in vitro model systems such as spheroids and organoids provide an opportunity to extend the physiological understanding using recapitulated tissues that mimic physiological characteristics of in vivo microenvironments. Unlike 2D systems, 3D in vitro systems can bridge the gap between inadequate 2D cultures and the in vivo environments, providing novel insights on complex physiological mechanisms at various scales of organization, ranging from the cellular, tissue‐, to organ‐levels. To satisfy the ever‐increasing need for highly complex and sophisticated systems, many 3D in vitro models with advanced microengineering techniques have been developed to answer diverse physiological questions. This review summarizes recent advances in engineered microsystems for the development of 3D in vitro model systems. The relationship between the underlying physics behind the microengineering techniques, and their ability to recapitulate distinct 3D cellular structures and functions of diverse types of tissues and organs are highlighted and discussed in detail. A number of 3D in vitro models and their engineering principles are also introduced. Finally, current limitations are summarized, and perspectives for future directions in guiding the development of 3D in vitro model systems using microengineering techniques are provided.
Combined buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion on laminar forced convection between vertical parallel plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the effects of latent heat transfer associated with liquid film vaporization on the heat transfer in the laminar mixed convection flows under the simultaneous presence of the combined buoyancy forces of thermal and mass diffusion. Major nondimensional groups identified are GrT, GrM, Re, ϕ, Pr and Sc. The results specifically present an air‐water system under various conditions. The effects of wetted wall temperature, Reynolds number and relative humidity of the air at the ambient on the momentum, heat and mass transfer are examined in great detail. Results show that the effects of evaporation of the wetted wall on the laminar mixed convection heat transfer are rather substantial.
Important Differences in Disease Severity, Echocardiography Findings, and Referral Delays in Non‐Hispanic Black Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Awareness of health disparities that exist across different self‐identified racial and ethnic groups are essential to developing interventions that improve the quality of care of patients with rare diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We sought to determine whether there are important differences in clinical characteristics and illness severity at the time of PAH diagnosis among different racial/ethnic groups. 110 patients followed at the University of Illinois Health Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic diagnosed with PAH between 2010 and 2019 were enrolled in our retrospective cohort study. Self‐reported race, ethnicity, ZIP code, and standard clinical measures were obtained from the electronic medical record. Comparisons of clinical severity, hemodynamic measurements, social vulnerability, income, and timing of diagnostic testing were made between non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Black subjects. Our data shows that PAH is more severe at the time of diagnosis in non‐Hispanic Black patients compared to non‐Black patients, by both clinical and hemodynamic assessments. Tricuspid regurgitant velocity correlated poorly with invasive hemodynamics in non‐Hispanic Black patients, yet measures of RV performance were worse than non‐Black counterparts. Increased social vulnerability and income inequality was evident between the groups. When compared to non‐Black patients, there were significant delays between abnormal echocardiogram findings and completion of diagnostic catheterization. These results implicate concerning health disparities in non‐Hispanic Black patients with PAH. More severe disease at time of diagnosis and longer delays from time of symptom onset to PAH diagnosis have both been associated with increased mortality in this population and future work should be aimed at comprehensive strategies to reduce this disparity.
Sintering of advanced ceramics using a 30-GHz, 10-kW, CW industrial gyrotron

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

At the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, a compact gyrotron system was established in 1994 to investigate technological applications in the field of high-temperature materials processing by means of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radiation. Besides the improvement of the system design, research activities are mainly engaged in studies on debindering and sintering of various types of advanced structural and functional ceramics. Due to volumetric heating and enhanced sintering kinetics, the application of microwaves allows one to shorten the processing time and therefore reduce energy consumption. Besides these effects, microwave technology gives the unique possibility of influencing the microstructure and physical properties of the ceramic materials. This paper will discuss the benefits of the mm-wave technology with respect to sintering of structural ceramics, such as TiO/sub 2/-ZrO/sub 2/-MgO multicomponent ceramics, nanocrystalline oxide ceramics, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, as well as lead-zirconate-titanate piezoceramics as one of the most interesting classes of functional ceramics.
Effect of Wolbachia Infection and Adult Food on the Sexual Signaling of Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sexual signaling is a fundamental component of sexual behavior of Ceratitis capitata that highly determines males’ mating success. Nutritional status and age are dominant factors known to affect males’ signaling performance and define the female decision to accept a male as a sexual partner. Wolbachia pipientis, a widespread endosymbiotic bacterium of insects and other arthropods, exerts several biological effects on its hosts. However, the effects of Wolbachia infection on the sexual behavior of medfly and the interaction between Wolbachia infection and adult food remain unexplored. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Wolbachia on sexual signaling of protein-fed and protein-deprived males. Our findings demonstrate that: (a) Wolbachia infection reduced male sexual signaling rates in both food regimes; (b) the negative effect of Wolbachia infection was more pronounced on protein-fed than protein-deprived males, and it was higher at younger ages, indicating that the bacterium regulates male sexual maturity; (c) Wolbachia infection alters the daily pattern of sexual signaling; and (d) protein deprivation bears significant descent on sexual signaling frequency of the uninfected males, whereas no difference was observed for the Wolbachia-infected males. The impact of our findings on the implementation of Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) or the combined SIT/IIT towards controlling insect pests is discussed.
SURG-30. SURGICAL RESECTION OF PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA: IMPACT OF PATIENT SELECTION ON OVERALL SURVIVAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE A possible prolonged survival after surgical resection for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) lesions in selected patients has been suggested, but selection criteria for surgery, especially for solitary lesions, have never been established. METHODS We retrospectively searched our patient database for records of adult patients (≥18 years) who were diagnosed and treated for a solitary lesion of PCNSL between 2005 and 2019. Patients were divided into groups according to whether they underwent surgical resection or needle biopsy. Statistical analyses were performed in an attempt to identify variables affecting outcome and possible survival advantage and to characterize subgroups of patients who would benefit from resection of their tumor compared to undergoing biopsy only. RESULTS 113 patients with a solitary lesion of PCNSL were identified, 36 underwent surgical resection and 77 a diagnostic stereotaxic biopsy only. Pre-operative risk factors were found to include age &gt; 70 years ([HR] 9.61, 95% [CI] 2.42-38.11, p=0.001) and deep seated lesions (adjusted HR 3.33, 95% CI 1.13-9.84, p=0.030). Having a postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) under 80 (adjusted HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.05-9.77, p=0.040) or surgical-site infections (adjusted HR 4.27, 95% CI 1.18-15.47, p=0.027) were significant postoperative risk factors. In a subgroup analysis, patients with a superficial tumor who underwent surgical resection had significantly longer survival times compared with those who underwent needle biopsy (median survival 34.3 months versus 8.9 months, p=0.014). Patients under 70 years who had a superficial tumor and underwent surgical resection had significantly prolonged survival, with a median survival of 35.0 months versus 8.9 months in patients from the same group who underwent needle biopsy (p=0.007). CONCLUSION Specific subgroups of patients with a solitary PCNSL lesion might gain a survival benefit from surgical resection compared to undergoing only a diagnostic biopsy.
Heavy electrons and the symplectic symmetry of spin

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The recent discovery of two heavy fermion materials PuCoGa_{5} and NpPd_{5}Al_{2} which transform directly from Curie paramagnets into superconductors, reveals a new class of superconductor where local moments quench directly into a superconducting condensate. A powerful tool in the description of heavy fermion metals is the large N expansion, which expands the physics in powers of 1/N about a solvable limit where particles carry a large number (N) of spin components. As it stands, this method is unable to jointly describe the spin quenching and superconductivity which develop in PuCoGa_{5} and NpPd_{5}Al_{2}. Here, we solve this problem with a new class of large N expansion that employs the symplectic symmetry of spin to protect the odd time-reversal parity of spin and sustain Cooper pairs as well-defined singlets. With this method we show that when a lattice of magnetic ions exchange spin with their metallic environment in two distinct symmetry channels, they are able to simultaneously satisfy both channels by forming a condensate of composite pairs between between local moments and electrons. In the tetragonal crystalline environment relevant to PuCoGa_{5} and NpPd_{5}Al_{2} the lattice structure selects a natural pair of spin exchange channels, giving rise to the prediction of a unique anisotropic paired state with g-wave symmetry. This pairing mechanism predicts a large upturn in the NMR relaxation rate above T_{c}, a strong enhancement of Andreev reflection in tunneling measurements and an enhanced superconducting transition temperature T_{c} in Pu doped Np_{1-x}Pu_{x}Pd_{5}Al_{2}.
Astaxanthin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury via Regulating Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Calcium Homeostasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Increasing evidence points to the critical role of calcium overload triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As an important organelle for aerobic respiration with a double-layered membrane, mitochondria are pivotal targets of alcohol metabolism-mediated lipid peroxidation, wherein mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin oxidation to 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) ultimately leads to mitochondrial integrity and function impairment. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to identify effective nutritional intervention targeting mitochondrial redox function for an alternative therapy of ALD, in order to compensate for the difficulty in achieving alcohol withdrawal due to addiction. In this study, we confirmed the significant advantages of astaxanthin (AX) against alcohol toxicity among various carotenoids via cell experiments and identified the potential in mitochondrion morphogenesis and calcium signaling pathway by bioinformatics analysis. The ALD model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was also generated to investigate the effectiveness of AX on alcohol-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were further explored. AX intervention attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation as well as mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by degenerative morphology changes and collapsed membrane potential. Also, AX reduced the production of 4-HNE by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, which is closely associated with the redox balance of mitochondria. In addition, relieved mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation caused by AX was observed both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we revealed the structure-activity relationship of AX and mitochondrial membrane channel proteins MCU and VDAC1, implying potential acting targets. Altogether, our data indicated a new mechanism of AX intervention which protects against alcohol-induced liver injury through restoring redox balance and Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria, as well as provided novel insights into the development of AX as a therapeutic option for the management of ALD.