jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fiber optic catheters in intra-aortic balloon pump therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Внутриаортальная баллонная контрпульсация (ВАБК) – это система вспомогательного кровообращения, улучшающая энергоснабжение миокарда, применяемая у пациентов с острой сердечной недостаточностью различного генеза. Работа данного устройства заключается в перемещении некоторого объема крови и изменении давления в определенную фазу сердечного цикла за счет быстрого сдувания и раздувания внутриаортального баллона. Одной из основных составляющих корректной работы ВАБК является качественное измерение артериального давления. В настоящее время появилась новая волоконно-оптическая система, она компактна, невосприимчива к электромагнитным помехам, является биосовместимой с тканями человеческого организма и может быть использована при высоких и низких температурах. Благодаря своим свойствам данный волоконно-оптический сенсор может быть расположен на самом кончике катетера ВАБК. Работа миниатюрных волоконно-оптических датчиков, используемых в терапии с ВАБК, основана на принципе интерферометрии Фабри–Перо. Учитывая увеличение распространенности коморбидной патологии в популяции и серьёзность нерегулярных аритмий, альтернативный метод синхронизации – с использованием волоконно-оптического датчика – является оптимальным выбором для гемодинамической поддержки ВАБК. HTML
Musical looping of lexical chunks: An exploratory study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on the experimental use of a recently developed musical looping app with a class of Japanese university students of English during 2014. Working in groups using shared hand-held devices, students created compositions based on lexical chunks or formulaic sequences selected freely from a fixed text. A scored example of one such group composition is included in the paper. During research, the author acted as instructor and a participant/ observer role afforded an intimate view of the educational process. Self-assessment questionnaires prior to and post working with Loopy indicate that students experienced increased confidence in their ability to produce spoken English over a three-month period. The affordances and constraints of using the musical app to learn English are examined and a significant increase in speech rate when reading from a fixed text is also noted.
Reaching Out to Underserved Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The observation that there is a lack of diversity in the sciences is not new. The most recent NSF survey [1] reveals that in the Biological and Physical Sciences, underserved students make up 19 and 12 percent of the total graduate student population in U.S. academic institutions. Such numbers should alarm the broader scientific community given the large pool of untapped scientific talent and the ever increasing need to develop the U.S. scientific workforce. We can look at the Ocean Sciences as a particular case study into some of the potential causes of the lack of diversity in the sciences and methods for increasing participation by underrepresented students in the field. Among the sciences, the Ocean Sciences have some of the lowest numbers of underserved student participation with only 8.8 percent of all Ocean Science graduate students identifying as belonging to a group historically underserved in the sciences [1]. Given the rapid shifts in the demographics of coastal states, it's imperative to identify potential barriers to and, new recruitment strategies for engaging historically underrepresented students in the Ocean Sciences. It will be this new generation of students who will be tasked with managing coastal resources and combating the effects of climate change and will be asked to bring new perspectives for dealing with the emerging needs of 21st century Ocean Science.
General noun-modifying clause constructions in Japanese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Instances of Japanese clausal modification of a noun illustrate that Japanese exhibits a single construction, the general noun-modifying clause construction (GNMCC), in which a clause in the finite form precedes the head noun. The GNMCC expresses extensive grammatical and semantic relations between the head noun and the modifying clause with apparently fewer restrictions than in most other languages. This extensiveness is a likely reflection of such properties as the low referential density and the lack of explicit marking in Japanese of the relation between the main constituents, which, in turn, make the construal of the construction rely upon an aggregate of structural, semantic and pragmatic factors. The ubiquity of GNMCC instances may reflect the lack of available alternative constructions.
Feature-Based Stereo Matching Using Graph Cuts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a novel feature point based stereo matching algorithm with global energy minimization. The initial disparity map is estimated by considering matching SURF key points between two images inside each homogeneous colour region by an adaptive box matching approach. Next, we improve the initial disparity map with a RANSAC based plane fitting technique which relies on accuracy of the pixel disparities inside the homogeneous colour regions. Finally, the disparity map is further enhanced by incorporating energy constraints on smoothness between neighbouring regions using graph cuts. The methodology is tested on Middlebury test set and the results indicates that the proposed method is compatible with the current state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms while decreasing the overall computational effort in matching process using already available feature points. 1
A dupla face da discricionariedade: limites e possibilidades / Discretion’s double-face: boundaries and possibilities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Por meio da revisão bibliográfica e utilizando-se do método dedutivo, o presente ensaio busca examinar a discricionariedade judicial enquanto fenômeno que, através da teoria do direito, teve papel central nas preocupações sobre a operacionalidade e a racionalidade dos discursos jurídicos dos magistrados. De igual monta, deve-se questionar quais são os arreios teóricos que podem ser estipulados para que possa haver maior controle decisional frente à discricionariedade judicial, isto é, como balizar as decisões com critérios de racionalidade. Assim, objetiva-se estabelecer, em linhas gerais, e sem a pretensão de esgotar tema tão caro e central à teoria do direito como um todo, no que consiste o fenômeno da discricionariedade e quais são suas tensionalidades mais relevantes, e como podem ser combatidas.
HIV care and treatment models and their association with medication possession ratio among treatment‐experienced adults in three African countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective How clinics structure the delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services may influence patient adherence. We assessed the relationship between models of HIV care delivery and adherence as measured by medication possession ratio (MPR) among treatment‐experienced adults in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Methods Eighteen clinics were grouped into three models of HIV care. Model 1‐Traditional and Model 2‐Mixed represented task‐sharing of clinical services between physicians and clinical officers, distinguished by whether nurses played a role in clinical care; in Model 3‐Task‐Shifted, clinical officers and nurses shared clinical responsibilities without physicians. We assessed MPR among 3,419 patients and calculated clinic‐level MPR summaries. We then calculated the mean differences of percentages and adjusted residual ratio (aRR) of the association between models of care and incomplete adherence, defined as a MPR <90%, adjusting for individual‐level characteristics. Results In the adjusted analysis, patients in Model 1‐Traditional were more likely than patients in Model 2‐Mixed to have MPR <90% (aRR = 1.60, 95% CI 1–2.48). Patients in Model 1‐Traditional were no more likely than patients in Model 3‐Task‐Shifted to have a MPR <90% (aRR = 1.58, 95% 0.88–2.85). There was no evidence of differences in MPR <90% between Model 2‐Mixed and Model 3‐Task‐Shifted (aRR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.59–1.66). Conclusion Non‐physician‐led ART programmes were associated with adherence levels as good as or better than physician‐led ART programmes. Additional research is needed to optimise models of care to support patients on lifelong treatment.
1,3-Diylideneisoindolines: Synthesis, Structure, Redox, and Optical Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Diiminoisoindoline (DII) is a crucial reagent for the synthesis of phthalocyanine as well as related macrocycles and chelates such as hemiporphyrazine and bis(iminopyridyl)isoindoline. In this report, we present the synthesis and characterization of four 1,3-diylideneisoindolines prepared via the reaction of several organic CH acids and DII. These orange or red compounds exhibit intense π → π* transitions in the UV-visible region. The redox properties and electronic structures of all new compounds were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory (DFT). The observed electrochemistry and UV-visible transitions are in good agreement with the DFT and time-dependent DFT calculations, which indicate that the HOMO is largely centered at the O═C-C-C═O fragments, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is more extended onto the isoindoline unit.
Development of Colorimetric Method for the Detection of Amines Bound to Solid Support

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

4-N,N′-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-4′-isothiocyanate (DABITC), malachite green isothiocyanate (MGI) and 2,3-indolinedione (isatin) have been evaluated for the detection of primary aromatic and secondary aliphatic/aromatic amines bound to polystyrene resins. Isatin was found to be an ideal reagent for the derivatisation of resine bound compounds containing a proline residue. Both DABITC and MGI reacted with primary and a secondary resin bound amines. However, MGI was found to be the more useful reagent because reaction with this dye gives distinctly coloured polystyrene beads. Beads containing bound aniline turned from brown to green and those containing bound proline or piperazine turned from white to deep-blue in colour. The sensitivity of the colorimetric assay was tested by treating a resin containing partially derivatised (approximately 11% unreacted amine) piperazine with MGI. The resin turned from white to deep-blue in colour, demonstrating the presence of unreacted piperazine.
Fast revascularization of the injured area is essential to support zebrafish heart regeneration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, and oxygen and nutrients are unable to reach that tissue, irreversibly damaging cardiac muscle cells. Dead muscle cells are replaced by a noncontractile scar that affects cardiac function. Unlike humans, zebrafish can regenerate their heart after injury, replacing the scarred tissue with new cardiomyocytes. Understanding the mechanisms zebrafish deploy to regenerate their heart may help us design more efficient therapies for human heart disease. In this study, we show that to regenerate their heart, zebrafish quickly revascularize the damaged area, and that this ability to revascularize is temporally restricted.
Tecnologia assistiva: reflexões para o atendimento educacional especializado / Assistive technology: reflections for specialized educational care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Esse artigo traz um recorte dos resultados do estudo de mestrado realizado, no PPGE/FE/UnB, que teve como objetivo analisar a formação continuada de professores especialistas no curso sobre a Tecnologia Assistiva – TA, ofertado pela Escola de Aperfeiçoamento dos Profissionais da Educação, do Governo do Distrito Federal e sua repercussão na prática docente dos egressos do curso. Nesse sentido, é importante compreender a formação continuada como um espaço de constante aprendizado e as atribuições do profissional do Atendimento Educacional Especializado – AEE, no âmbito da educação inclusiva. O curso ofertado abordou o uso das TA no contexto educacional e, portanto, esse tema será compreendido como sendo interdisciplinar envolvendo produtos, serviços e técnicas para atender aos estudantes com deficiência, mobilidade reduzida, seja temporariamente ou não visando autonomia, qualidade de vida e independência em conformidade com o Comitê de Ajudas Técnicas – CAT (2006). Para viabilizar o uso da TA, a formação dos professores para o AEE no Distrito Federal faz-se necessário levar em consideração as atribuições deste serviço ofertado pela escola. A pesquisa foi orientada pela abordagem qualitativa, que além da análise documental, realizou-se o mapeamento dos profissionais egressos, para identificá-los por meio de um questionário, com análise de conteúdo para organizar as categorias. Em seguimento foi estruturado o Grupo Focal - GF composto por seis sujeitos respondentes selecionados levando em consideração áreas/ modalidades distintas, objetivando compreender o olhar dos profissionais sobre essa formação a partir da sua vivência após conclusão do curso. O encontro para realização do GF ocorreu em formato online em decorrência da pandemia, um ajuste necessário e pertinente diante do contexto vivenciado por todos. Para a conclusão, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo considerando todos os dados obtidos. Almeja-se, portanto, oferecer, neste artigo, os principais resultados que possam apontar elementos para novas proposições quanto à formação dos professores para o uso da TA no AEE.
Open Access A Newly Developed Pericardial Tuberculoma During Antituberculous Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis generally affects the respiratory tract. In developing nations, the pericardium is the most common location of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, tuberculous pericarditis rarely appears as a localized mass or tuberculoma. We present here a case of a 62-year-old woman with pericardial tuberculoma. She had a history of effusive tuberculous pericarditis and drainage. Because she had taken regular medication over a period of six months, the pericardial mass with an adjacent lung nodule newly detected on the chest radiogram was initially suspected of being invasive lung cancer. Prior to pathologic confirmation, precise information from imaging tests, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography are helpful when making decisions regarding which methods should be used for surgical approach and treatment. Through imaging, our case showed typical features of pericardial tuberculoma and a favorable clinical course after two months with a change in antituberculous therapy. (Korean Circ J 2011; 41:750-753) KEY WORDS: Tuberculosis; Magnetic resonance imaging.
A Multimedia instructional animation and website on anti-glomerular disease

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Immunology is a field of study that is expanding in the biomedical community. Current research has given the study greater consideration in understanding the nature and origin of disease. The purpose of this project was to explore the immunology of a particular type of kidney disease: Anti–Glomerular basement Membrane disease. The kidneys provide a visual landscape that is anatomically unique. The nephron, in particular, provides anatomical structures that lend themselves nicely to engaging visual graphics. The animation of Anti–Gomerular Basement Membrane Disease provides a visual format for understanding structures and processes that have not been previously presented in a visual media. With the visualization of this disease, it is hoped that it and other immunological processes can be more thoroughly understood.
Development of primary central nervous system lymphoma in an HIV-infected patient after multiple opportunistic infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 35-year-old Chinese man presented to medical attention with fever, cough and shortness of breath and HIV infection. His CD4+ lymphocyte count was 28 cells/μL and his HIV viral load was 386,891 copies/mL. Diagnosis of tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, mycobacterium avium complex, fungal infection and cytomegalovirus retinitis were confirmed according to the symptoms, laboratory results and radiology. After therapy for all these opportunistic infections, his symptoms were relieved. In addition, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was also initiated two weeks after his admission. The patient had a headache two months after admission and the magnetic resonance image of the brain showed left frontal lobe hypodensity. The patient then accepted brain biopsy and the pathological result proved to be primary central nervous system lymphoma). The patient refused further therapy and lost in our follow-up.
Ion Efflux and Influenza Infection Trigger NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in Human Dendritic Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The NLRP3 inflammasome, a multi‐protein complex, is an essential intracellular mediator of anti‐viral immunity. In murine dendritic cells (DCs) this complex responds to ion efflux and influenza A virus (IAV) infection to activate caspase‐1 mediated proteolysis of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 into biologically active cytokines. However, the presence and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human DCs in response to various triggers, including viral infection, has not been clearly defined. Here, we delineate the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome to the secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and IL‐1α by human DCs (monocyte‐derived DCs (MDDCs) and primary conventional (cDC)). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human DCs by various synthetic activators resulted in the secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and IL‐1α, and induction of pyroptotic cell death. Cellular IL‐1β release depended on potassium efflux and the activity of proteins NLRP3 and caspase‐1. Similarly, IAV infection of DCs resulted in priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in an M2 and NRLP3 dependent manner. The magnitude of priming by IAV varied amongst different strains and inversely corresponded to type I IFN production. To our knowledge this is the first report describing the existence and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human DCs and the ability of IAV to prime and activate this pathway in human DCs, with important implications for viral pathogenesis.
P176 HIV acquisition and antiretroviral therapy initiation in a youth cohort in soweto and durban, south africa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

South African young women and other key populations have amongst the highest HIV incidence globally, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation remains challenging. We measured HIV incidence, ART initiation, adherence, status disclosure and related support within 3 months from HIV diagnosis for youth who acquired HIV during follow-up study visits.

Methods

The AYAZAZI cohort study enrolled 425 self-reported HIV-negative or status-unknown 16–24 year olds from Soweto and Durban, South Africa (2014–2016). Participants completed interviewer-administered questionnaires (assessing socio-demographics, sexual behaviour and history, HIV-related service utilization, ART adherence, HIV disclosure and support) and underwent HIV rapid testing at enrolment and every 6 months for 4 visits.

Results

13/425(3.1%) enrollees were HIV-infected at enrolment. 12/412(2.8%; n=5 Durban, n=7 Soweto) with median age of 19 (IQR17–21) years, acquired HIV during their first year of follow-up (IR=2.54[95%CI:1.5–4.4] per 100 person-years); 6/12 were females, 5/12(42%) identified as LGBTQ, 10/12(83%) were sexually active and 5/10(50%) used a condom at last sex.Three months after HIV diagnosis, 10/12(83%) reported they were medically advised to initiate ART, and 8/12(67%) had initiated ART. Fear of provider judgement was the most common reason for ART non-initiation (3/4;75%). A third (4/12) had not accessed any HIV-related medical or support services since diagnosis, commonly because of a disbelief of HIV test results (4/4; 100%). Of those who initiated ART, 5/8(63%) said they forgot a dose once or more per week. Eighty-three percent (10/12) had disclosed their HIV status to someone. The most common source of support related to HIV was from friends (7/12; 58%). 2/12(17%) rated that taking ART makes the risk of HIV infection a lot lower.

Conclusion

HIV incidence was 2.5 per 100 person-years amongst our youth cohort; immediate ART uptake and adherence was sub-optimal; awareness of HIV prevention benefits of ART was low. Biomedical technologies and improved support systems for HIV-infected youth are needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Intermacrocyclic Interaction Triggers Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of a Chlorin–Porphyrin Heterodimer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work reports a highly facile one‐pot synthesis of a new series of fully π‐conjugated unsymmetric chlorin–porphyrin heterodimers with quantitative yields by utilizing intermacrocyclic interactions. One‐electron oxidations of dicopper(II) and dipalladium(II) porphyrin dimers using mild oxidants such as iodine at room temperature resulted in the formation of a strongly interacting cofacial mixed‐valent π‐cation radical dimers. The radical, being highly reactive, drives spontaneous and rapid transformation involving a new N=C bond formation, 1,2‐ethyl migration, and the generation of a new indolizinium ring that bridges between the two macrocycles. X‐ray structural characterization of the heterodimers reveals that the two macrocycles are nearly coplanar and thereby extends the π‐conjugation from one end to the other. DFT calculations that reproduce the experimental results are also reported.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 261 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Bufotes boulengeri (Lataste, 1879)", "HasCoordinate is true", "Year is greater than or equal to 2011", "Year is less than or equal to 2024" ] } The dataset includes 261 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0049111-240506114902167/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.