jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The psychometric property of the Thai version of Hospital Anxiety Depression scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objective To investigate the psychometric property of the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD) Thai version. Materials and methods Data from 3 studies, that is, psychosocial status of members in “TO BE NUMBER ONE” project, the development of mindfulness assessment scale and burdens of psychiatric care takers were retrieved. Selected cases (1228) consisting of juvenile delinquents, personnel, patients care givers were analyzed. Items were explored by using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analysis in 15% of cases selected by random sampling. The derived measurement models and 9 other models from literature reviews were tested by using the Mplus program. The model invariance across gender was also examined. The goodness of fit indices were Chi-square index, RMSEA, CFI and TLI. The kappa weighted agreement between the original version and the derived models were analyzed. Results ESEM analysis was done in 197 cases and revealed 3-dimensional model (Model_b) i.e., anxiety, depress and agitation. The 4 anxiety items were 1, 3, 5 and 13 ; the 6 depress items were 2, 4, 6, 7, 12 and 14 and the 3 agitation items were 8 to 10. Then confirmatory analyses were compared among the other 9 models from literature reviews. The results revealed that the Model_b showed the goodness of fit indices at good level and demonstrated weak invariance across genders. The kappa weighted agreement of the cut-off score of the anxiety (0-7, 8-12 and ≥ 13) and the depression (0-4, 5-7 and ≥ 8) domains of Model_b compared to the original version were at good level (0.73, 0.63 respectively) but the agitation against the anxiety domain was at fair level (0.54). Conclusion The HAD, consisting 3 dimensions, showed the acceptable validity and gender invariance among this study group containing youths, care takers, the elderly and lay person. Each domain can be used as an outcome measurement for health related problem in non-psychiatric cases.
Interactome-based framework to translate disease genetic data into biological and clinical insights

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The study of human diseases has evolved from exploring non-causal pathophenotypes to discovering aetiological genetic factors through genome-wide association (GWA) studies. While GWA studies identify disease-associated genetic variants, they fail to reveal their functional implications. The emergence of network biology and molecular interaction mapping helped conceptualise disease as a breakdown of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network or the ‘interactome’ due to these genetic variants. The interactome drives cellular processes and responds to genetic and environmental changes by leveraging its inherent interdependencies. Simultaneously, the focus has shifted from single-target drugs to the polypharmacological effects of drugs within the PPI network, inducing therapeutic and non�therapeutic effects. Despite these conceptual advances, several factors hinder the widespread application of interactome analysis in disease genetics and drug discovery. These include the lack of an integrated conceptual framework to derive biological and clinical insights from genetic data, the lack of context-sensitive interactomes, the failure to integrate computationally predicted PPIs to circumvent interactome sparsity, and the absence of methods to study correlations across multiple disease interactomes and drug target networks. This thesis proposes a two-pronged interactome-based framework to address these limitations. The first arm focuses on constructing the disease interactomes of complex and Mendelian disorders using both experimentally validated and computationally predicted PPIs, refining them using multi-omics datasets, and deriving insights into disease mechanisms using functional enrichment analyses, identifying repurposable drugs targeting the interactome using comparative analysis of drug-induced and disease-associated transcriptomes, and studying their activity in animal models. The second arm employs multivariate data analysis to explore relationships of multiple interactomes, revealing biological and clinical themes in cross�disorder relationships. This framework has demonstrated its potential by providing insights into eight disorders, identifying disease subgroups, and refining disease categorization based on genetic structures. The methodology yields clinically actionable results, including repurposable drugs and insights into drug activity that can inform safety and efficacy evaluations in clinical trials. This thesis proposes a comprehensive interactome-based framework to uncover hidden patterns in emerging multi-omics disease data and enhance our understanding of disease biology and therapeutics.
The Audacity to Teach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The state of educational effectiveness and student success are of paramount concern in the United States. Concerted efforts have been made to close the achievement gap among White and Black groups. These efforts have occurred both nationally and locally as exemplified by attention to school turnaround and teacher quality. Reform, particularly for urban schools, seems to be the order of the day. Yet, the efficacy of reform is directly measured by change within the core technology of education—teaching and learning. This study reveals that district policy and school leadership are two variables that inform capacity for teaching and learning innovations.
Leucocyte typing, cytokine expression, and epithelial turnover in the ileal pouch in patients with ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND/AIMS--Conventional histopathology, leucocyte typing, cytokine mRNA expression, and crypt cell turnover were compared in ileal pouch biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). METHODS--Biopsy specimens were taken from 17 patients with UC and seven with FAP at a median interval of 19 months (range 2-120) after ileostomy closure. All contained both epithelium and lamina propria. Cryostat sections were stained for lymphocyte subtypes (CD3, CD4, CD8), macrophages (CD68), common leucocyte antigen (CD45), and Ki-67, using a three stage immunoperoxidase reaction. Cytokine mRNA expression for interleukins 2 and 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma was studied using an in situ hybridisation technique. RESULTS--Lymphocyte subtype and macrophage populations in epithelium and lamina propria were similar in UC and FAP. The labelling index (Ki-67) was significantly increased in biopsy specimens from patients with UC (UC median = 43.3 (interquartile range (IQR) 38.9-48.2) v FAP 34.9 (29.9-35.2), p < 0.05). There was little or no epithelial mRNA expression for any cytokine in any of the specimens. Lamina propria mRNA expression for interleukin 2 was significantly increased in UC (UC median (IQR) 10.7 (5.4-14.2) cells per unit area v FAP 2.8 (1.5-6.6) p < 0.05) but not for tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma. CONCLUSIONS--While static morphological assessment (leucocyte type, conventional histopathological examination) was similar, tests of cell function (mRNA expression and labelling index) were different in ileal pouches in patients with UC compared with FAP. The study also showed that mRNA expression occurred almost entirely in the lamina propria.
A Case of Esophageal Stricture suspected due to Drug-induced Ulcer after Subtotal Esophagectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は59歳の男性. 平成7年11月より肺結核に対する抗結核療法と食道癌に対する放射線療法を施行した. 平成9年3月26日の上部消化管内視鏡検査で, 門歯より28cmの胸部中部食道に0-IIc+IIa型の食道癌の再燃病巣を認め, 5月7日に食道亜全摘術を施行した. 病巣は深達度mmで, LN(0/40)であった. 術後透視では軽度の吻合部狭窄を認めたが造影剤の流出は良好で, 5月20日より摂食を再開した. 6月13日からカリウム製剤と, 6月17日から抗結核剤 (INH, REP, EB) の経口投与を開始した. 6月20日より嚥下障害が発生して6月25日の上部消化管内視鏡検査で吻合部潰瘍と狭窄および錠剤の停滞がみられた. 薬剤性食道潰瘍および吻合部狭窄と診断して, バルーン拡張術を施行した. カリウム製剤投与の中止により吻合部の再狭窄は起こらなかった.食道癌術後は薬剤性食道狭窄が発生しやすく, 薬剤の経口投与では薬剤の種類や剤型および飲み方について細心の注意が必要である.
Treatment of Localized Myxodema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of Localized Myxoedema SIR,-We were surprised that your leading article (13 November, p. 1 138) did not mention the possible role of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (L.A.T.S.) in the pathogenesis of pretibial myxoedema.This thyroid stimulating agent, a 7S gamma-globulin,' present in
Ammonia loss from rat proximal tubule in vivo: effects of luminal pH and flow rate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The roles of luminal pH and flow rate in determining ammonia loss from proximal tubules perfused with solutions containing 10 mM NH4Cl were examined using in vivo microperfusion. Perfusate bicarbonate concentration was varied between 5, 25, and 40 mM in tubules perfused at 50 nl/min. As expected, ammonia loss from the 25 or 40 mM bicarbonate-containing perfusates was greater than from that containing 5 mM bicarbonate. Furthermore, there was a correlation between ammonia loss and the log mean luminal bicarbonate concentration (r = 0.39, P less than 0.01). From the collected fluid ammonia and bicarbonate concentrations, the transtubular gradients for NH+4 and NH3 were estimated, allowing a calculation of the apparent permeability coefficients for NH3 (PNH3) and NH+4 (PNH+4). The calculated PNH3 of 2.2 +/- 0.5 X 10(-2) cm/s was similar to previous estimates in the rabbit; the calculated PNH+4 of 5.5 +/- 0.8 X 10(-4) cm/s was approximately 10 times that previously found in the rabbit proximal straight tubule in vitro. Next, flow rate was varied between 25 and 50 nl/min using the 5 mM bicarbonate perfusate. Ammonia loss was significantly higher from the latter. Thus these studies suggest that NH+4 loss from the proximal tubule may be an important determinant of ammonia movement along this segment. Ammonia loss is flow-rate dependent, similar to ammonia entry in previous studies.
CHANGE OF PRECIPITATION AND RIVER DISCHARGE IN KYUSHU ISLAND BY GLOBAL WARMING BASED ON LARGE ENSEMBLE EXPERIMENTS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

九州の一級河川4流域を対象に,地球温暖化による降雨および河川流量の変化特性について,d4PDF過去実験および4℃上昇実験結果のうち各年の48時間年最大降水量イベントに着目した解析を行った.48時間年最大降水量を記録する月別の割合は流域によって差がみられ,九州北部と比較して九州南部のほうが夏季の頻度が高くなることが示された.次に、温暖化により全流域で大洪水の頻度が増加することに加え,イベント毎のハイエトグラフのピーク数が全流域で減少傾向となり,一山洪水や二山洪水などを引き起こす豪雨イベントが増加することが分かった.本研究により,温暖化によって降水量の増加だけではなく,イベント内のハイエトグラフのピーク数が減少することで,洪水ピーク流量の増加が生じる可能性が示された.
On the Economic Sources of Changes in Credit Ratings

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, the focus lies on the determinants of changes in credit ratings. Multiple regression is used to study the relation between credit ratings and a quantity of selected economic variables. The study is restricted to the US market and the ratings have been assigned by Moody’s during the period 1999-2008. In line with previous studies, the short-term interest rate and corporate profits are important determinants of rating changes. The result shows that other important factors are the capacity utilization rate and the rate of inflation. Finally, evidence is found that the number of rating changes is procyclical. This leads to the conclusion that if banks use the standardized approach in BIS II, bank capital requirements will be adjusted more frequently when the economy is growing.
Hardeners for automobile lacquers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The adhesion properties achieved after oxygen plasma treatments of ten polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) materials of different compositions were studied. It is shown that the adhesion between a polyurethane (PUR) lacquer and plasma-treated materials was strongly influenced by the plasma treatment conditions and the chemical composition of the materials. Generally, a low power-to-gas pressure (P/G) ratio during the plasma treatment and a high ethylene content, preferably in the form of blocks, and/or the presence of double bonds in the matrix, are favourable for adhesion properties. Moreover, the TPOs were less sensitive towards the plasma treatment conditions than the corresponding PPs. The properties and the type of rubber may also be important for the adhesion properties. Furthermore, it was shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.p.s.) and Fourier transform infrared (FTi.r.) spectroscopy (using the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique) that all failures—even the apparently interfacial failures—were located in the substrate, below the oxidized surface layer, the only difference being the depth of failure. The fracture surfaces of samples showing low peel forces generally had a more PP-like composition than fracture surfaces that were clearly cohesive in the substrate. This observation offers evidence that the lacquer adhesion is determined by the extent to which chain scission reactions occur in the near-surface region of the substrate during the plasma treatment. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Prevalence of Anatomical Abnormalities of Nose & Paranasal Sinuses in Cases of Rhinogenic Headache Among Sohag University Students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractObjective: to determine the prevalence of anatomical abnormalities of nose and PNS in cases suffering from rhinogenic headache among Sohag University students seeking health services in the ENT outpatient clinic of the Student Hospital in Sohag University along the period starting Oct. 2017 till June 2019. Study design: Across sectional studyResults: 104 students -(59.6 %) females- were enrolled in the study, inhabiting rural and/or slum areas of Sohag (69.2 %). They had a narrow range of ages; 19 – 23 years; X` = 20.13 ± 1.25 years. Frontal site of headache predominated, then the nasal site. These followed by periorbital, tempo parietal, temporal and scalp regions respectively in 32.7, 25, 17.3, 11.5, 7.7 and 5.8 % of the rhinogenic cases. Each attack lasted 3.27± 1.76 days duration with maximum 7 days. Prevalence of rhinogenic headache due to anatomical abnormalities was (26.9 %). over the frontal, glabellar and periorbital regions. A highly significant statistical difference between cases of rhinogenic headache with anatomical abnormalities and those without anatomical abnormalities (p = .004) regarding how the headache was presented; Heaviness (16.2 %), pressure (81 %) and dullness (2.7 %) were the type of such headache. It was found that most of the cases have combined abnormalities.DNS affected 16 cases (43.2 %), a manifestation of concha bellosa in 9 cases(24.3%), bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy appeared in 10 cases(27%) . Haller cells was detected in about ( 1.9 % )of the anatomical abnormalities also.
A Brief Analysis of Morphology and Terminology for the Genus Ablabesmyia (Tanypodinae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Ablabesmyia is well represented in both the north and south Americas, though the latter region is inadequately studied. A few months ago, the authors of this note made contact to exchange type material and literature on the known species of Ablabesmyia from South America. Almost immediately, we faced the problem that we were referring to the same structures by different names, so we decided to sort and organize the different terminologies used along with the most important bibliography of this genus. Furthermore, we wanted to share the misunderstandings we faced with others who want to study Ablabesmyia so they can learn from our mistakes.
Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although many antibiotics have been developed against bacterial diseases, the problems of antibiotic resistance and toxicity have made the continuous search for newer drugs an existential necessity. This study determined the phytochemical components and antibacterial activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of both plants at different concentrations were determined against all the test organisms using agar well diffusion method. All the extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlabotannins and anthraquinones. Ethanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum showed maximum activities against S. aureus (21.2 ± 0.2-28.1 ± 0.2 mm), S. pneumoniae (16.8 ± 0.4-20.8 ± 0.4 mm) and S. aureus (15.5 ± 0.5–22.8 ± 1.1 mm) respectively. Ethanol, aqueous, and acetone extract of Allium cepa showed maximum activity against E. coli (19.1 ± 0.1–28.7 ± 0.3 mm), K. pneumoniae (16.4 ± 0.2–21.2 ± 0.5 mm) and E. coli (19.7 ± 0.7–26.0 ± 0.0 mm), respectively. All extracts of both plants showed varying minimum inhibitory concentrations which ranged between 10 and 20 mg/mL against the test bacteria. This study has established that the extracts of Allium species have antibacterial activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Allium sativum; Allium cepa; Extract; Phytochemicals
Association between voice disorder and breathing alteration in children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between voice disorder and aspects related to breathing mode in children, according to sex. Methods: 250 children, aged six to nine years, attending a public school in São Paulo city, were selected. The collection consisted of spontaneously audio recorded speech samples. The breathing mode was evaluated for lip resting posture and nasal flow. Three audiologists performed the perceptual evaluation of the voice quality, with the help of GIRBAS scale. The results were associated using the chi-square test (p = 0.05). Results: 50.4% females and 49.6% males. As for the overall grade (G), 12.8% had voice disorder with respect to voice quality. In the breathing mode, 36.8% presented alterations in lip posture and 71.2%, in nasal flow. The associations between voice disorder and gender (p = 0.96), lip posture (p = 0.38) and nasal flow (p = 0.18) and between alterations in the nasal flow and sex (p = 0.449) were not confirmed. The association between lip posture and sex revealed significant differences in favor of males (p = 0.003). Conclusion: there was no statistically significant difference associating voice disorders with breathing mode (lip posture and nasal flow) and gender.
Effect of different packaging material under different temperature conditions on physical properties and shelf life of rose ( Rosa indica ) and plumeria ( Plumeria alba )

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted at Agriculture Lab, Department of Agriculture, D.A.V College, Abohar, Punjab during academic year 2018-19 to study the effect of different packaging material under different temperature conditions on physical properties and shelf life of Rose and Plumeria flower. The different packaging material such as aluminium foil container, transparent zip-pouch polythene and open as control were used for experiment. The flowers were kept at room temperature and under refrigerated conditions. The effect of different packaging under different temperature conditions on change in weight and size of flowers were observed. Minimum weight loss was observed in flowers packed in polythene pouch at room temperature followed by flowers kept without any covering under refrigerated conditions. Minimum reduction in size was observed in polythene pouch packed flowers stored under refrigerated conditions followed by aluminium foil packed flowers stored at room temperature.
Abstract Semantic Relations for Interpreting DNA Microarray Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

satisfy the needs of biologists in elucidating microarray data. The results from microarray experiments, in the form of lists of over- and under-expressed genes, have great potential to support progress in biomedical research. However, results are not easy to interpret. Information about the function of the genes and their relation to other genes is needed, and this information is usually present in vast amounts of biomedical literature. Considerable effort is required to find, read and extract relevant information from the literature. A potential solution is to use computerized text analysis methods to extract relevant information. Our proposal enhances current methods in this regard and uses semantic relations extracted from biomedical text with the SemRep information extraction system. We describe an application that integrates microarray results with semantic relations and discuss its benefits in supporting enhanced access to the relevant literature for interpretation of results.
Tourism and Poverty Alleviation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the cornerstones of sustainable tourism – ecological, social and economic - to which WTO is committed, is the well being of poor communities and their environment. Tourism can play a significant part in balanced sustainable development and generate benefits for the poor. The World Tourism Organization is convinced that the power of tourism – one of the most dynamic economic activities of our time – can be more effectively harnessed to address the problems of poverty more directly.This report reflects the World Tourism Organization’s (WTO) concern that the benefits of tourism should be widely spread in society and that the poor should benefit from tourism development. It reviews current experience of tourism and poverty reduction in order to identify what is known about the contribution, which the tourism industry can make to the elimination of poverty; and makes recommendations for action by government, the industry, development agencies and local communities.