jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glycine minimizes reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow liver perfusion model in the rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the effects of glycine on reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow liver perfusion model. With this protocol, livers were perfused at low flow rates of approximately 1 ml.g-1. min-1 for 75 min, which caused cells in pericentral regions of the liver lobule to become anoxic because of insufficient delivery of oxygen. When normal flow rates (approximately 4 ml.g-1.min-1) were restored for 40 min, an oxygen-dependent reperfusion injury occurred. Upon reflow, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a cytosolic enzyme, and malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, were released into the effluent perfusate. LDH increased from basal levels of approximately 1-35 IU.g-1.h-1 in livers from control rats. Glycine (0.06-2.00 mM) minimized enzyme release in a dose-dependent manner (half-maximal decrease = 133 microM), with maximal values only reaching 5 IU.g-1.h-1 when glycine was increased to 2 mM. Reflow for 40 min after 75 min of low-flow hypoxia caused death in approximately 30% of previously anoxic parenchymal cells in pericentral regions; however, infusion of glycine (2 mM) decreased cell death to less than 10%. Strychnine (1 mM), which was found to mimic the cytoprotective effect of glycine in proximal renal tubules, also reduced LDH release to 11 IU.g-1.h-1 in this study. Bile was released at rates of approximately 42 microliters.g-1.h-1 in livers from control rats, but values were not altered significantly by glycine. Maximal MDA production during reperfusion decreased by 35% with 0.6 mM of glycine. Trypan blue distribution time, an indicator of hepatic microcirculation, was reduced significantly by glycine at 5 and 40 min after reflow, but changes were about twofold greater at later time points compared with earlier ones (half-maximal decrease = 225 microM). Time for oxygen to reach steady state upon reflow was reduced by glycine in a dose-dependent manner, and the rates of entry and exit of a dye confined to vascular space (fluorescein dextran) were increased two- to threefold by glycine, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that a reperfusion injury that occurs in previously hypoxic pericentral regions of the liver upon reintroduction of oxygen is minimized by glycine, possibly by action on a glycine-sensitive anion channel to improve microcirculation during the reperfusion period.
Effect of lutein on beta-carotene absorption and cleavage.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Carotenoid interactions during absorption and in postabsorptive metabolism have been observed in both human and animal studies. We reviewed the mutual interactions reported between lutein and beta-carotene and report new data on the postprandial beta-carotene and retinyl ester response in the triglyceride-rich plasma lipoprotein (TRL) fraction in volunteers after a single test meal with beta-carotene alone, or beta-carotene combined with lutein or lycopene. Results indicate an inhibitory effect of lutein on beta-carotene absorption, but apparently not on beta-carotene cleavage. In a comparative study with two beta-carotene/lutein ratios (2:1 and 1:2, respectively), this inhibitory effect of lutein was found to be most marked when lutein was the predominant carotenoid. In studies on plasma (serum) response also an inhibitory effect of beta-carotene on lutein response was observed.
Self‐coping complexity: Role of self‐construal in relational, individual and collective coping styles and health outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Using a tripartite relational (R), individual (I) and collective (C) framework, three studies explored the health benefits of self‐coping complexity (SCC). Study 1 ( N = 333) developed and validated RIC coping scales. Study 2 ( N = 346) identified two clusters of Australians, those with an expansive pattern of multiple self‐aspects and coping styles, and those with a more restricted self‐coping pattern. Both clusters reported similar stress, but the expansive high SCC cluster reported greater well‐being. A culturally diverse sample ( N = 225) in Study 3 yielded the expected high SCC RIC self‐coping cluster, plus interdependent RC and independent I clusters. Cluster membership was not associated with culture or gender in these studies, but greater SCC did confer a health advantage to men and women from both Eastern and Western cultures.
Functional and molecular evidence for Na+-HCO 3 − cotransporter in porcine vas deferens epithelia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study focused on the role of sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC1) in cAMP-stimulated ion transport in porcine vas deferens epithelium. Ion substitution experiments in modified Ussing chambers revealed that cAMP-mediated stimulation was dependent on the presence of Na + , HCO[Formula: see text], and Cl − for a full response. HCO[Formula: see text]-dependent current was unaffected by acetazolamide, bumetanide, or amiloride but was inhibited by basolateral 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid. Na + -driven, HCO[Formula: see text]-dependent, stilbene-inhibitable anion flux was observed across the basolateral membrane of selectively permeabilized monolayers. Results of radiotracer flux studies suggest a 4,4′-dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate-sensitive stoichiometry of 2 base equivalents per Na + . Antibodies raised against rat kidney NBC epitopes (rkNBC; amino acids 338–391 and 928–1035) identified a single band of ∼145 kDa. RT-PCR detected NBC1 message in porcine vas deferens epithelia. These results demonstrate that vas deferens epithelial cells possess the proteins necessary for the vectoral transport of HCO[Formula: see text] and that these mechanisms are maintained in primary culture. Taken together, the results indicate that vas deferens epithelia play an active role in male fertility and have implications for our understanding of the relationship between cystic fibrosis and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens.
Frictional hot-spots and statistical crack mechanics. [Solid propellant cylinders]

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When propellant cylinders are fired at low speeds against a steel plate, detonations are often observed. Since the process is not repeatable, and shock heating is not significant, it is natural to consider the possibility of detonation caused by hot spots. Several mechanisms are compared, and it is suggested that interfacial friction of closed cracks seems to be the most likely mechanism. 24 references.
Classical motion of an electron in an electric-dipole field II. Point dipole case

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The classical motion of an electron in the field of a point electric dipole is analysed. It is shown that the only motion for which the distance γ from the dipole to the electron does not either increase without limit or decrease to and remain at zero is that for which γ is constant and the total energy E is zero. A necessary condition for such bound motion is D > 3 surd 3pϕ2/4me, where D is the dipole moment, pϕ is the component of angular momentum along the dipole axis, and m and e are the electronic mass and charge. It follows that any point dipole can bind an electron classically.
Mastocytaemia in cats: Prevalence, detection and quantification methods, haematological associations and potential implications in 30 cats with mast cell tumours

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The significance of mastocytaemia in cats is different from that in dogs because it appears exclusively associated with mast cell neoplasia. The prevalence of mastocytaemia was 0.05% of all feline submissions to a private laboratory and 43% in cats with mast cell neoplasia. None of 30 healthy cats had mastocytaemia. There was no sex bias or significant age difference between mastocytaemic and non-mastocytaemic cats with mast cell tumours (MCT). Buffy coat (BC) examination was the best screening method for detection of mastocytaemia but direct blood film examination was more accurate for quantifying degree of mastocytaemia. BC examination should be performed in all cases of suspected/known mast cell neoplasia as mastocytaemia was missed on nearly 30% of occasions when direct film examination only was used. Mastocytaemia was associated with decreased haematocrit (HCT) but not with other haematological parameters. Mastocytaemic cats can survive significant lengths of time (up to 27 months) even when splenectomy is not performed.
State Homophobia in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis aims to answer the question of why the Indonesian state has increasingly securitized LGBT people in Indonesia from 2000 to 2016, by focusing on two factors: public homophobia and state homophobia. Data on public attitudes toward the LGBT community in Indonesia will be drawn from various surveys conducted after 2000s. These surveys measure attitudes on existing heteronormative ideals in Indonesian society and capture the conservative turn starting from 1998 during the post-democratic transition period. The increasing threat of homosexuality as propagated by the Indonesian state will be historically and systematically analyzed through a number of statements made by political elites. Strong evidence is found on public and state homophobia increasing in Indonesia and this materializing politically and legally.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of MEDI4893, an Investigational, Extended-Half-Life, Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Human Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Adults

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT MEDI4893 is an investigational immunoglobulin G1(κ) monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to and neutralizes alpha-toxin, a key Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor. A triple-amino-acid substitution, M252Y/S254T/T256E, was engineered into the MEDI4893 Fc region to extend its serum half-life. A phase 1, double-blind, dose escalation study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, anti-alpha-toxin-neutralizing activity, and antidrug antibody (ADA) response of MEDI4893 following a single intravenous infusion in healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to receive MEDI4893 at 225 mg ( n = 3), 750 mg ( n = 3), 2,250 mg ( n = 8), or 5,000 mg ( n = 12) or placebo ( n = 7) and were followed for 360 days. Adverse events were mild or moderate in severity; none were serious. The MEDI4893 peak serum concentration increased dose proportionally from 77.2 μg/ml (225-mg dose) to 1,784 μg/ml (5,000-mg dose). The area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 360 days also increased dose proportionally, from 4,840 μg · day/ml (225-mg dose) to 91,493 μg · day/ml (5,000-mg dose), indicating linear pharmacokinetics. MEDI4893's terminal half-life was estimated to be 80 to 112 days, which is approximately 4-fold longer than the half-lives of other human immunoglobulin G antibodies. The alpha-toxin-neutralizing activity in serum correlated highly with the MEDI4893 concentrations in serum. Three adults transiently tested positive for ADA on day 151, but this did not have an impact on MEDI4893 serum concentrations or the MEDI4893 safety profile; no subjects exhibited serum ADA at the study end. These data support the continued development of MEDI4893 for the prevention of S. aureus -mediated pneumonia. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02296320.)
The implementation of a model of person-centred practice in older person settings final report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This national two year practice development programme in the Republic of Ireland
(2007-2009) has significantly built on the learning and recommendations of a pilot
practice development programme that was undertaken in the Midlands Region
(2005-2007).
The national programme was also influenced by broader international theoretical and
methodological developments in practice development, especially those within the
International Practice Development Collaborative. In particular, the programme has
built on the findings of the first systematic review of practice development. In this
review the authors identified nine key issues that need to be addressed in order for
practice development to have a desired impact.
The programme was managed and delivered by the University of Ulster. The funding
for the programme came from the National Council for the Professional Development
of Nursing & Midwifery and the six participating NMPDUs. The budget was managed
by the NMPDUs. Recognition is also made that all the programme sites found ways
of releasing staff to contribute to the programme within their existing budgets. It
should be noted that as this programme took place during a prolonged period of wide
scale financial pressures on the HSEs, it had to be seriously modified in year 2 in
order to be sustainable.
From Theory to Practice: Efficiently Checking BGP Configurations for Guaranteed Convergence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet Service Providers can enforce a fine-grained control of Interdomain Routing by cleverly configuring the Border Gateway Protocol. However, the price to pay for the flexibility of BGP is the lack of convergence guarantees. The literature on network protocol design introduced several sufficient conditions that routing policies should satisfy to guarantee convergence. However, a methodology to systematically check BGP policies for convergence is still missing. This paper presents two fundamental contributions. First, we describe a heuristic algorithm that statically checks BGP configurations for guaranteed routing convergence. Our algorithm has several highly desirable properties: i) it exceeds state-of-the-art algorithms by correctly reporting more configurations as stable, ii) it can be implemented efficiently enough to analyze Internet-scale configurations, iii) it is free from false positives, namely never reports a potentially oscillating configuration as stable, and iv) it can help spot troublesome points in a detected oscillation. Second, we propose an architecture for a modular tool that exploits our algorithm to process native router configurations and report the presence of potential oscillations. Such a tool can effectively integrate syntactic checkers and assist operators in verifying configurations. We validate our approach using a prototype implementation and show that it scales well enough to enable Internet-scale convergence checks.
Asian Inward and Outward FDI: New Challenges in the Global Economy – An Introduction

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It has long been conventional wisdom that the re-entrance of Asia has been one of the most remarkable events in the international economy during the last half century. Asia today contains almost 28 per cent of the global GDP in nominal values and 33 per cent when measured in purchasing-power parity terms.1 It is less commonly discussed, though, that we presumably have only witnessed the first chapters in this massive global shift, and that the increasing influence of Asian nations in general and of Asian firms in particular will take many new features and forms in the foreseeable future.2 The Asian realm was the dominant economic powerhouse in ancient times, with an estimated two-thirds of the global GDP five hundred years ago, but was thereafter pushed into relative insignificance during the eras of Arab, Portuguese, Dutch, French and British colonial expansion.3
The Mahmoud Ben Ayad Case and the Transformation of International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some month after the treaty of Paris that marked the end of the Crimean war and a turning point in international law, a dispute between the Bey of Tunis and Mahmoud Ben Ayad (a Tunisian civil servant who made a fortune with the national treasury before escaping to France and becoming a French Citizens in 1852) was resolved. In November 1856, Napoleon iii was asked to arbitrate the dispute after nearly two years of work of the litigation committee of the French minister of Foreign Affairs led by Portalis. This paper recalls the context and the actors of the Mahmoud ben Ayad Case and analyses the impact of the case on the transformation of international law as well as on the juridification of international relations around 1856.
ICT AND E-LEARNING LITERACY AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENTFOR THE NEW COMPETENCY- BASED CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK IN KOSOVO

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research paper is focused on the role of ICT and e-learning education/literacy as a key component on the Education System of the transition countries. It investigates the importance of ICT and e-learning literacy and their impact on: curriculum development and implementation, Student/Learner-centered teaching/learning, Competency-based approaches, Integrated teaching and learning, Flexibility and mobility, Transparency and accountability. The research explores whether e-learning and ICT can enhance the competency-based curriculum in Kosovo within the new revised Curriculum Framework. The primary research is based on experiences and the level of inclusion of ICT education within the actual 2001 Curriculum Framework (White Discussion Paper), and on the result of intensive and dedicated 12 months work of Kosovo State Curriculum Council (KSCC) that is closely involved in the development of the new 2010 version of the Kosovo Curriculum Framework. The paper also looks at the effects of ICT literacy in all main features of the curriculum stages and their result with Student Personal development of key competencies such as: communication and expression, thinking and learning, Life, work-, and environment-related competencies etc. Finally, the research shows that the ICT and e-learning literacy of teachers needs to change and academics need to embrace new technology since Kosovo society is now reconnected to the most recent developments in science, technology and culture.
[Effect of tritarg on proteinogenic amino acid spectrum in blood serum and lymphocytes].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Single intragastric injection of tritarg leads to different multidirectional changes in the concentration of free proteinogenic amino acids in the blood serum and lymphocytes isolated from the blood and liver. Changes in the amino acid stock of blood and liver lymphocytes were observed 3 and 24 hours after the drug injection. The changes in concentrations of individual free amino acids are more pronounced in liver lymphocytes than in blood lymphocytes. There is a decrease in the content of proteinogenic amino acids in blood serum, which may reflect the supply of these compounds to cells and is indicative of the stimulation of polypeptide and protein synthesis.
The High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Austenitic Cr_18Mn_16N_0.83Nb_0.15 Stainless Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The nickel-free HNASS Cr_18Mn_16N_0.83Nb_0.15 was fabricated using smelting method. The high temperature oxidation kinetics of as-fabricated steel, which has a single austenitic structure, was investigated by monitoring the mass gain method. The results suggest that the oxidation behavior follows a parabolic law at 950~1150°C interval 100°C in air. Qcalculated is 191.404 KJ·mol-1using Arrhenius equation. The morphologies, elements distribution and structure on the surfaces of as-oxidized films were studied by SEM, EDS and XRD methods.
The current state of South Africa's avocados : the subtropical scene

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have passed the halfway mark for this year, which means that the avocado export season is nearing its end. However, local supply will continue as there are specific regions that focus on producing avocados for local supply in the late season. The unprecedented climatic conditions experienced in late 2015 and early 2016 certainly influenced avocado production this year, and will no doubt still have some bearing on the 2017 crop. We can only hope that the interim period before the next crop will be favourable.
Competition processes and the management of innovation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper presents two different forms of research practices: Mode 1 and Mode 2. These forms of knowledge production are adumbrated not so much to demonstrate their radical differences, though there are some, but as a way of calling attention to the fact that, in both modes, static and dynamic competition are at work. It will come as no surprise to academics to be told that their research is carried out in a competitive context. Competition for ideas and for intellectual leadership in a particular field or sub‐field is the bread and butter of academic life. In industry, too, the observation that research takes place in a competitive environment would be uncontentious were it not for the fact that researchers in business management seem reluctant to take on board the uncertainties that competition generates and to put their intellectual energies into developing specific strategies that are appropriate to two diverse forms of competition. The argument moves on to spell out the differences that specify static and dynamic competition, as they occur in the innovation process. This raises the crucial question of the importance of boundary work in generating innovation in both academic and industrial contexts. The nature of boundary work is then related to different types of competition and then to the appropriate organisational imperatives of each. The paper concludes by asking for how much longer can research into business management carry on ignoring the fact that fundamentally different approaches to management are required in these two radically different environments.
Towards A Typology Of Gossip In The Workplace

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today’s communication-driven world, informal communication can at some point be construed as malicious gossip. Literature shows that certain areas of gossip are insufficiently studied, such as how gossip is defined in the workplace, when communication is construed as gossip, and what characteristics highlight the parameters between healthy communication and gossip. This research is of value because workplace gossip could have direct implications on trust in workplace relationships, might undermine principles espoused by corporate governance and could therefore lead to higher staff absenteeism and turnover. A qualitative research study was undertaken to explore individual constructions surrounding this phenomenon. Data was collected from structured individual interviews and the technique of card sorting, and a grounded theory analysis resulted in the formulation of a working definition of the concept, the identification of its parameters as well as the development of a typology of gossip in the workplace. The implications of the findings are discussed.