jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Man at extreme altitude

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The history of man's attempts to learn more about the physiology of extreme altitudes is briefly reviewed. The earliest exploits were by balloonists who were often exposed to very severe hypoxia, sometimes with fatal consequences. A turning point was the work by Paul Bert using low-pressure chambers; he was able to prove that the deleterious effects of low barometric pressures were caused by the low PO2, though other explanations for mountain sickness such as a low aterial PCO2 continued to be promoted for some time. Many early physiologists believed that active secretion of oxygen by the lungs was necessary to explain man's tolerance of extreme altitudes. Indeed, Haldane championed this view until his death in 1936, though strong evidence to the contrary had accumulated since the work of Krogh and others in the first decade of the century. High climbs by mountaineers have stimulated much interest in the physiology of severe hypoxia. Norton reached over 8,500 m on Mt. Everest in 1924, but the summit was not attained without supplementary oxygen until 1978--the last 300 m took 54 years! This suggests that the summit, altitude 8,848 m, is very near the limit of human tolerance, and predictions based on maximal work levels measured at lower altitudes are consistent with this. The American Medical Research Expedition to Everest, 1981, was specifically planned to obtain data on human physiology at extreme altitudes, and a number of measurements were made over 8,000 m, including some on the summit itself. It is apparent that the mountain can be climbed without supplementary oxygen only because the barometric pressure at the summit is not as low as has often been predicted, and because of the extreme hyperventilation that man develops under these conditions.
Progress report on optical fiber FDM communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optical fiber systems promise an enormous information bandwidth for data communications. These high bandwidth systems are ideal for LANs on which multichannel video, audio, and digital information can be exchanged freely between work stations. If a complete digital system is used, the bit rate for a single video channel (similar to a TV channel) would approach 100 mbit/s. This may not be the most economical and/or reliable system for such an application in such an environment. We have suggested and investigated an optical fiber FDM system for this use. The most severe obstacle among others to using the optical fiber FDM is the well-known problem of serious intermodulation between channels. The intermodulation has been traditionally believed due to the device's nonlinearities. Our investigations show that the optical intensity modulation and the characteristics of the fiber may contribue more to the intermodulation. Computer simulations and some experimental evidence related to these and schemes for implementing the FDM system are discussed.
Urine concentrations in the spaces of the sheep renal pelvis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Urine concentrations were measured in samples from the ureter, the pelvic cavity, close to the tip of the papilla, and from the most proximal part of the fornices of sheep kidneys. It was found that the concentration of urea, the osmolality, and the urine-to-plasma ratios of inulin, urea and the osmolality were higher in the ureter than in the pelvic cavity. The same parameters were found to be higher in the pelvic cavity than in the fornices except for the urea concentration which was unchanged. The results of this study revealed the various concentrations of urine in the ureter, the pelvic cavity and the proximal part of fornices of sheep kidney.
Calcium Pantothenate. Part 1. (R,S)-Pantolactone Technology Improvement at the Tonnage Scale

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of (R,S)-pantolactone at the laboratory and industrial scales has been investigated. Major side products were separated and identified, leading to a thorough understanding of the nature of the reactions occurring. The technology was thereby improved at many stages, resulting in an increased yield, a decrease of the process duration, and reductions of the raw-material and energy consumptions as well as the waste emission. Some of the elaborated solutions have already been implemented in production.
A brief history of tsunamis in the Vanuatu Arc

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The archipelagos of Vanuatu and the eastern Solomon Islands, scattered over 1500 km along the Vanuatu Arc, include dozens of inhabited volcanic islands exposed to many natural hazards that impact their populations more or less severely. Due to the location of these islands on a subduction interface known as the Vanuatu subduction zone, tsunamis triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides locally, regionally, and in the far field represent a permanent threat. If catalogues already list tsunamis that have occurred in the Vanuatu Arc, they were not exclusively focusing on this region. This study goes further in the listing of tsunamis reported and/or recorded in the Vanuatu Arc, analysing existing catalogues, historical documents, and sea-level data from the five coastal tide gauges located in Vanuatu at Port Vila (Efate), Luganville (Espiritu Santo), Litzlitz (Malekula), and Lenakel (Tanna) and in the eastern Solomon Islands province at Lata (Ndende). It allows the identification of 100 tsunamis since 1863, 15 of them showing wave amplitude and/or run-up height of more than 1 m and 8 between 0.3 and 1 m. While some tsunamis are known to have occurred in the past, information about the wave amplitude or potential run-up is sometime lost (15 events). Also, tsunamis reported in neighbouring islands like New Caledonia but not reported or recorded in the Vanuatu Arc are discussed, as well as debated events or events with no known origin(s).
The correlation of the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway and VEGF in human epithelial ovarian cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

16081 Background: The Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 (Amp) pathway is activated in a proportion of epithelial ovarian cancers. The ribosomal protein pS6 and p4EBP1 are downstream targets and presumed representative for the pathway's activity. VEGF and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer play an important role as bevacizumab induces high response rates and prolongs progression-free survival in women with relapsed ovarian cancer in two phase II trials. The Amp pathway has proven to be correlated with HIF1alfa and VEGF A expression in vitro. Material and Methods: Our primary objective was to evaluate correlation between this pathway in human subject tissues and angiogenesis using VEGF A and pVEGFR2. Our second objective was to evaluate if different metastatic abdominal (peritoneal and/or omental) lesions show the same pathway hyperactivity and/or angiogenesis as the primary tumour, because relapses usually involve metastatic abdominal lesions. Epithelial ovarian cancer paraffin imbedded material from 1999–2004 was collected. A tissue micro array was build with three samples per paraffin block. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using pS6, p4EBP1, pAKT, VEGF and pVEGFR2. Results: 89 patients were collected with a median age of 69.8y. Patients were FIGO stage I in 21%, stage II in 4%, stage III in 62% and 11% stage IV. Histological examination showed in 53% serous papillary tumours, 25.8% endometroid tumours, clear cell carcinoma in 11.2% and mucinous tumours in 4.5%. 65 patients had available tissue material of both primary tumour as well as other (multiple) metastatic abdominal disease tissue. The results of the immunohistochemical staining as well as the correlation analysis will be presented. Conclusion: Although anti-angiogenesis seems to be very active against human epithelial ovarian cancer, it is at present associated with unacceptable treatment induced toxicities. Inhibiting the Amp pathway with mTOR inhibitors could potentially also inhibit angiogenesis in ovarian cancer with the potential of more manageable side effects. This study will provide some evidence on the relationship between the Amp pathway and the VEGF pathway in human epithelial ovarian cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Friendcraft of Middle Powers: how the Netherlands & Denmark supported the War on Terror and how this affected their friendship with the US

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While friendship scholarship in the humanities and social sciences has risen exponentially inthe last decade, it focuses almost exclusively on the alliances of great powers. This articleintroduces a new research agenda by drawing upon scholarship that suggests middle powersbehave differently, arguing that middle powers pursue international friendship different thangreat powers. This example is illustrated by comparing how the Netherlands and Denmark,both considered traditional examples of middle powers and of atlanticist states, supported the US during the War on Terror, and how this affected their relationship with the US
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells from an established line of Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) and a mouse myeloma (P3K) were pulse-labeled in vitro with 3H-leucine, and immunoglobulin was immunologically precipitated from cell lysates and secretions. In contrast to P3K cells, Daudi cells synthesize a small amount of Ig which is not secreted. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that Ig of Daudi cells is synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes and enters the cisternae of the microsomes. Ig in the microsomes could be labeled with either 3H-galactose or 3H-fucose suggesting that transport proceeds to the Golgi complex. Additional evidence indicates that Ig molecules are transported to the plasma membrane but are not cleaved from the cell surface. These results together with other studies of Burkitt lymphoma cells suggest that the Daudi line may represent a clone of neoplastic cells derived from normal lymphocytes which synthesize but do not secrete Ig. Similarities between lymphoma cells and antigen-binding cells are discussed.
Telemedicine, virtual reality, and surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Two types of synthetic experience are covered: virtual reality (VR) and surgery, and telemedicine. The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: geometric models; physiological sensors; surgical applications; virtual cadaver; VR surgical simulation; telesurgery; VR Surgical Trainer; abdominal surgery pilot study; advanced abdominal simulator; examples of telemedicine; and telemedicine spacebridge.
Effects of various rinsing conditions on residues of chlorpyrifos ethyl, acetamiprid and penconazole in grapes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractEffects of various rinsing conditions were investigated to remove residues of three pesticides including chlorpyrifos ethyl, acetamiprid and penconazole in grapes. The rinsing conditions included five different temperatures of rinsing water, three different fruit-to-water ratios and three different dipping times. The residual levels of all three pesticides decreased with decreasing the rinsing water temperature while in most cases, 10, 20 and 30 °C produced lower pesticide residue values when compared to 40 and 50 °C within each of combined treatments. In addition, 4 minutes of dipping time was not as effective as 2 and 3 minutes dipping times to eliminate chlorpyrifos ethyl residue from grape samples at all temperatures. Degradation kinetics of chlorpyrifos ethyl, acetamiprid and penconazole was also studied in grape samples at 4oC during 90 hours storage and percentages of pesticide residues were determined at the end of the storage period as 18.56, 23.89 and 9.17 % respectively.
Macma Membership Management System With QR Code

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Malaysia Chinese Muslim Associate (MACMA), is an organization that manage the Chinese Muslim community in Malaysia. As one part of MACMA Malaysia, MACMA Negeri Sembilan has the responsibility to manage event and monitor each of their members in the state. However, there are challenges and problems due to the current situation as only two persons involve in the management and administration of the organization. Thus, MACMA membership Management System is developed to manage the organization with more convenient and systematic way. The proposed web based system is equipped with QR Code technology. The QR Code generator was used to record the member attendance in every event organized by MACMA. This system also has plug and play capabilities to ease its implementation. The test result shows that all requirements were fulfilled and the system functioning as expected. Thus, it is hoped that the system can be beneficial and might be implemented to help in the management of other MACMA organization in the other states in Malaysia.
A “Snip” in Time: Circumcision Revisited

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The publication of an Italian study on etiology and interactions of frenulum breve, frenulectomy, and premature ejaculation, and the results of a popular Austrian sex study initiated a survey on this topic, accompanied by collecting a small sample of data in an urban practice environment in Germany. Since frenulectomy, for practical reasons, often leads to a complete removal of the prepuce, circumcision has come to the fore anew. Moreover, under the heading, “Ending a myth: male circumcision is not associated with higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction,” a recent study relating circumcision to sexual dysfunction has been published. In this chapter, an overview of research results as well as of psychological and clinical aspects of circumcision and associated subjects is given. There seem to be advantages of circumcision as to sexual dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Depending on etiopathology, some treatment options may require psychosomatic reasoning.
Assessing the feasibility of pillbox organizers for medication adherence among Egyptian adults with chronic diseases: a preliminary study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Patients with chronic diseases often have difficulties in managing multiple medications, resulting in poor adherence and, subsequently, adverse health consequences. Extensive research has demonstrated the beneficial effects of medication management devices, such as pill box organizers (PBOs) on enhancing medications adherence and improving patients’ health outcomes. However, research on PBOs in Egypt is limited. This study seeks to assess the awareness, user satisfaction of PBOs and their influence on medication adherence among Egyptian people with chronic illnesses. Methods Fifty -six Egyptian adults participated in a prospective observational study. Participants were recruited from two locations: a university employee and community individuals. Participants were asked to use a pillbox organizer for three months. Demographic data were gathered at baseline. During a bi-weekly interviews, we calculated missing doses for the past two weeks. At the end of the study period, a questionnaire containing yes/no questions to assess patients' awareness and PBO feasibility was conducted. The acceptability, usability, medication management support, and satisfaction of patients with the device were evaluated using a Likert scale. Results Sixty-one percent of the participants were aged 50 years or older. Almost 66% individuals possessed no prior awareness of pillbox organizers (95% CI: 0.54, 0.78, p = 0.0162). Nearly 90% deemed PBO beneficial for drug adherence (95% CI: 0.95, 1.02, p = 0). Most of the participants (80%) believed the PBO user-friendly, while 89% indicated that the device assisted in reminding them to adhere to their prescription regimen. The mean satisfaction score was 4.02 (± 0.25) on a 5-point Likert scale. Ninety-one percent of interviewees indicated that they would acquire a PBO if required. Conclusion The study participants viewed the PBO as an acceptable and useful tool for managing multiple medications, despite their limited awareness of them. The higher satisfaction and perceived usefulness indicate the feasibility for using PBOs in the Egyptian healthcare environments as well as its impact in enhancing drug adherence. Future research could focus on evaluating long-term adherence and health outcomes.
Prevalence of Moderate to Severe Obesity Among U.S. Nursing Home Residents, 2000–2010

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obesity rates are high among all age groups, including older adults. Obesity negatively affects health and functional ability, increasing the risk for nursing home (NH) admission. The current study examines trends over 11 years in moderate to severe obesity rates among NH residents. A generalized least squares regression model for panel data was used to test the effect of time (years) on the rates. A significant increase in rates and significant variation in rates were observed. Little research has focused on the issue of obesity in NHs. High and increasing rates and variation in rates raise questions on demand and access to NH care for obese older adults. Additional research is needed to consider factors other than time that may affect NHs’ ability to admit moderate to severely obese individuals. Understanding these trends will help NHs prepare for future demand, ensure equal access, quality care, and financing of services. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2015; 8(4):173–178.]
Experimental Investigation of Shock Wave Surfing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Shock wave surfing is investigated experimentally in GALCIT's Mach 4.0 Ludwieg Tube. Shock wave surfing occurs when a secondary free-body follows the bow shock formed by a primary free-body; an example of shock wave surfing occurs during meteorite breakup. The free-bodies in the current investigation are nylon spheres. During each run in the Ludwieg tube a high speed camera is used to capture a series of schlieren images; edge tracking software is used to measure the position of each sphere. Velocity and acceleration are had from processing the position data. The radius ratio and initial orientation of the two spheres are varied in the test matrix. The variation of sphere radius ratio and initial angle between the centers of gravity are shown to have a significant effect on the dynamics of the system. The air flow in each fluid dynamics video is from left to right. The Mach number is 4.0 with total pressure in each run of roughly 200kPa. Each run begins with the spheres tethered and no flow. Flow arrives and the tethers are quickly broken. The spheres are then free-bodies with the dominant force being the pressure distribution around the surface of the sphere, which, in the case of the secondary sphere, is strongly manipulated by the shock wave interaction. Gravity is not a considerable body force because of the short test times in these experiments. The secondary spheres are visibly seen to be affected by the bow shock wave of the primary bodies in the form of quite beautiful trajectories. Computational images were obtained from a simulation using the AMROC code. A fully three-dimensional simulation of two free-flying bodies was performed, assuming inviscid flow, whereby the trajectory of each sphere was calculated according to the instantaneous aerodynamic forces experienced.
Problem Description Input

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Professor Midas drives an automobile from Newark to Reno along Interstate 80. His car’s gas tank, when full, holds enough gas to travel ‘d ’ miles, and his map gives the distances between gas stations on his route. The professor wishes to make as few stops as possible along the way. The problem is to find an efficient method by which Professor Midas can determine at which gas stations he should stop, and prove that the strategy adopted yields an optimal solution. [2]
Knowledge, Science and Death: The Theory of Brain-Sign

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract In today’s paradigmatic climate, the possibility of knowledge, and therefore science, still depends upon our being conscious. However, no scientifically accepted account of consciousness exists. In recent years I have developed the theory of brain-sign which replaces consciousness as a wholly physical neural condition. The first tenet is that the brain is a causal organ, not a knowledge organ. The second is that brain-sign, used in inter-neural communication for uncertain or imprecise collective action, derives at each moment from the causal orientation of the brain. Signs are ubiquitous bio-physical entities. Thus there is no problematic dualism, consciousness and world. We now have two accounts of the brain phenomenon. The first (consciousness) is an inexplicable physical anomaly. The second (brain-sign) belongs in the physical universe, and fulfils a crucial neurobiological function. With brain-sign theory we even ‘discover’ that we do not know we are alive or will die.
Novel method for mass producing genetically sterile fish from surrogate broodstock via spermatogonial transplantation†

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A stable system for producing sterile domesticated fish is required to prevent genetic contamination to native populations caused by aquaculture escapees. The objective of this study was to develop a system to mass produce stock for aquaculture that is genetically sterile by surrogate broodstock via spermatogonial transplantation (SGTP). We previously discovered that female medaka carrying mutations on the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) gene become sterile. In this study, we demonstrated that sterile hybrid recipient females that received spermatogonia isolated from sex-reversed XX males (fshr (-/-)) recovered their fertility and produced only donor-derived fshr (-) X eggs. Natural mating between these females and fshr (-/-) sex-reversed XX males successfully produced large numbers of sterile fshr (-/-) female offspring. In conclusion, we established a new strategy for efficient mass production of sterile fish. This system can be applied to any aquaculture species for which SGTP and methods for producing sterile recipients can be established.
NADH REOXIDATION AND LONG CHAIN ACYL-CoA IN DIABETIC AND MECHANICALLY OVERLOADED HEART

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 NADH REOXIDATION AND LONG CHAIN ACYL-CoA IN DIABETIC AND MECHANICALLY OVERLOADED HEART J. Morayec; J. Morayec 1INSERM U2, 94450 Brévannes, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. Bowe; C. Bowe 1INSERM U2, 94450 Brévannes, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Pocholle; P. Pocholle 1INSERM U2, 94450 Brévannes, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D Feuvray D Feuvray 1INSERM U2, 94450 Brévannes, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 294P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009294p Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. Morayec, C. Bowe, P. Pocholle, D Feuvray; NADH REOXIDATION AND LONG CHAIN ACYL-CoA IN DIABETIC AND MECHANICALLY OVERLOADED HEART. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 294P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009294p Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.