jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Green Development Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China’s Iron and Steel Industry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Analyzing the potential for green development and its influencing factors is an important part of the energy savings and low-carbon economic growth of China’s iron and steel industry (ISI). Many studies have concentrated on improving the ISI’s energy use and pollution control efficiencies, analyzing the influencing factors from the perspectives of regions and firms. However, no study has focused on measuring the provincial green development efficiency (GDE) in the ISI. The selected driving forces of the GDE do not consider regional or industrial characteristics. In this study, based on provincial panel data for 2006–2015 in China, the GDE of the Chinese ISI was evaluated using the super-slack-based measure (super-SBM) model. China’s 28 provinces were divided into different groups through cluster analysis. Then, a Tobit model was constructed to explore the factors influencing the GDE. The key results show the following: (1) The GDE values decline, fluctuating from 0.628 in 2006 to 0.571 in 2015, decreasing by 1.1% annually. Among the provinces, wide differences exist in the GDE values for the ISI, with the highest average GDE value being observed in Beijing and the lowest in Shanxi. (2) The provinces with high R&D expenditure inputs and high GDE values are mostly located in the eastern region, while the provinces with low R&D expenditure inputs and low GDE values are located in the central and western regions. (3) The export demand, property structure, and capital investment have significant positive effects on the ISI’s GDE in the eastern and western regions, while the energy consumption structure and industry scale have negative impacts on the improvement of the GDE in the central region. (4) Specific policy recommendations for sustainable development in the ISI mainly include further strengthening investment in R&D, expanding exports, adjusting energy consumption structures, and deepening the reform of stated-own enterprises.
Prospective Community-Based Study of Stroke in Northern Portugal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Mortality statistics indicate that Portugal has the highest stroke mortality in Western Europe. Data on stroke incidence in Northern Portugal, the region with the highest mortality, are lacking. This study was designed to determine stroke incidence and case fatality in rural and urban populations in Northern Portugal. Methods— All suspected first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes occurring between October 1998 and September 2000 in 37 290 residents in rural municipalities and 86 023 living in the city of Porto were entered in a population-based registry. Standard definitions and comprehensive sources of information were used for identification of patients who were followed-up at 3 and 12 months after onset of symptoms. Results— During a 24-month period, 688 patients with a first-ever stroke were registered, 226 in rural and 462 in urban areas. The crude annual incidence was 3.05 (95% CI, 2.65 to 3.44) and 2.69 per 1000 (95% CI, 2.44 to 2.93) for rural and urban populations, respectively; the corresponding rates adjusted to the European standard population were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.69 to 2.34) and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.53 to 1.92). Age-specific incidence followed different patterns in rural and urban populations, reaching major discrepancy for those 75 to 84 years old, 20.2 (95% CI, 16.1 to 25.0) and 10.9 (95% CI, 9.0 to 12.8), respectively. Case fatality at 28 days was 14.6% (95% CI, 10.2 to 19.3) in rural and 16.9% (95% CI, 13.7 to 20.6) in urban areas. Conclusions— Stroke incidence in rural and urban Northern Portugal is high compared to that reported in other Western Europe regions. The high official mortality in our country, which could be explained by a relatively high incidence, was not because of a high case fatality rate.
The configuration of β-eucaine and β-isoeucaine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The configurations of the two isomers, β-eucaine (benzamine hydrochloride B.P.C. 1954) and β-isoeucaine have been deduced. As a result of a study of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and of catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation, the α-form has been assigned an equatorial hydroxyl group on C-4 and the β-form an axial hydroxyl group in this position.
POS-419 GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS OF PREDICTED LOSS OF FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN ATYPICAL ADPKD GENES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are mostly caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2, but could also be a result of mutations in ALG8, ALG9, GANAB, LRP5, PKHD1, PRKCSH, and SEC63. However, the penetrance and expressivity of mutations in these atypical ADPKD genes has been largely unexplored. To better understand their impact, we used whole exome sequencing (WES) data in an electronic health record (EHR)-based research cohort to evaluate the phenotypic spectrum of rare predicted loss of function (pLOF) mutations in atypical ADPKD genes.
Metabolie Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Postischemic Muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In traumatic injuries to the extremities, with a circulatory insufficiency, the resultant ischemia leads to decreasing levels of the energy-rich compounds adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) and increasing levels of lactate in muscle. A tourniquet model for temporary ischemia was used to determine if hyperbaric oxygen treatment could enhance the cellular metabolic restitution when the circulation was restored. The circulation of the rat hindlimb was interrupted for 1.5 and 3 hours. After 1.5 hours of ischemia, the levels of adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, and lactate were restored to normal in muscle biopsies taken 5 hours after the ischemia. After 3 hours of ischemia, there were marked reductions of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine and elevated lactate values in the postischemic muscle, indicating severe ischemie damage. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment at 2.5 atm for 45 minutes reduced these changes significantly. A certain number of hyperbaric oxygen treatments were necessary to maintain this effect. It is concluded that repeated hyperbaric oxygen treatments in the postischemic phase stimulate aerobic metabolism.
Re‐thinking TQM: toward a framework for facilitating learning and change in construction organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations in the construction industry have eschewed implementing TQM practices because short‐term benefits are relatively minimal. As a result, re‐engineering has emerged as an alternative to change. Albeit re‐engineering seeks radical performance improvements, the path to its implementation is incremental. Therefore, organizational change should be viewed as a continuous process rather than a static or “one‐off” event. Before construction organizations consider implementing re‐engineering initiatives, they should re‐address their existing approaches to quality, so that an adaptive learning TQM culture can be cultivated. In striving for this ambition and based on a review and synthesis of the literature, a framework for facilitating organizational learning and change in construction organizations is presented.
Scleroglucan Polymer Injectivity Test Results in the Adena Oilfield

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reservoirs with harsh environments are now being routinely evaluated for applications of chemical EOR. High temperatures and high salinity water are proving to be hurdles chemical manufacturers must overcome. Scleroglucan is a biopolymer with robust viscosifying power, excellent stability under high temperature, high salinity, and resistance to shear. An injectivity test was conducted in the high temperature (180 °F) Adena oilfield to evaluate the injectivity of scleroglucan polymer. Field injectivity test results are compared to those from the laboratory. Polymer parameters evaluated include polymer viscosity, polymer shear, resistance factor, and residual resistance factor. The unique feature of this injectivity test is the bottom-hole pressure data that allowed for direct field measurement of resistance factor and the evaluation of multiple fall off tests. Pressure transient analysis (PTA) allowed for (1) skin to be measured before and after polymer injection to evaluate sand face plugging, and (2) permeability measurements that were used for direct field measurement of residual resistance factor. Conclusions from the injectivity test in the Adena field are: Scleroglucan was successfully injected into a harsh reservoir environment. PTA data provided a field based direct measurement of resistance factor (RF) and residual resistance factor (RRF).PTA fall off test indicated no sand face plugging, in that a constant skin was observed at the well before and after the polymer injectivity test.RRF was measured at the sand face via FBHP and several feet into the reservoir via PTA. Sandface RRF was 1.3, indicating a 25% reduction in permeability, while PTA based permeability (larger radius of investigation) was reduced by 50%, the equivalent of a RRF of 2.Skin for the two fall off tests, before and after polymer injection, show the polymer did not plug nor exacerbate the pre-existing formation damage. The first field injection of EOR–grade scleroglucan was successful. The use of BHP data and fall off testing allowed for field-based values of resistance factor and residual resistance factor to be measured. Typically, these parameters are laboratory derived values and uncertainty exists when scaling up the process. The use of pressure transient analysis in polymer injectivity tests offers an economical option for field evaluation of polymer based EOR technologies.
In-Vehicle Touchscreen Interaction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Even though they are a known source of distraction, touchscreens have become increasingly commonplace in in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVIS). We explore a novel approach to possibly make the use of in-vehicle touchscreens safer, by displaying the road ahead directly above a touchscreen-based IVIS. This may allow the driver to keep the road in his field of vision through the head-down display (HDD) during IVIS interaction. A within-group study was conducted with 24 participants in a simulated automotive environment, comparing a configuration with and without livestream HDD. Reaction rates and times to obstacles were measured and subjective ratings recorded with the NASA TLX and a qualitative questionnaire. While qualitative measurements indicate that the concept may hold the potential to improve the driver's interaction with an IVIS, differences in quantitative metrics were not statistically significant. We reflect possible reasons for this based on an analysis of participants' behaviour and our qualitative results.
Intimacy, Pleasure, Risk, and Safety: Discussion of Cheuvront's “High-Risk Sexual Behavior in the Treatment of HIV-Negative Patients”

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The psychodynamics involved in barebacking and safer sex have changed over the last 20 years. At the start of the AIDS epidemic, gay men experienced multiple deaths and were terrified by a new, mysterious, and untreatable disease. Today, young gay men have not usually had this experience. They therefore are less afraid of HIV and may consider the strict use of condoms as more restrictive and denying of intimacy and pleasure than older gay men. A more sex-positive approach to HIV prevention is described.
Multi-objective optimisation for minimum quantity lubrication assisted milling process based on hybrid response surface methodology and multi-objective genetic algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Parametric modelling and optimisation play an important role in choosing the best or optimal cutting conditions and parameters during machining to achieve the desirable results. However, analysis of optimisation of minimum quantity lubrication–assisted milling process has not been addressed in detail. Minimum quantity lubrication method is very effective for cost reduction and promotes green machining. Hence, this article focuses on minimum quantity lubrication–assisted milling machining parameters on AISI 1045 material surface roughness and power consumption. A novel low-cost power measurement system is developed to measure the power consumption. A predictive mathematical model is developed for surface roughness and power consumption. The effects of minimum quantity lubrication and machining parameters are examined to determine the optimum conditions with minimum surface roughness and minimum power consumption. Empirical models are developed to predict surface roughness and power of machine tool effectively and accurately using response surface methodology and multi-objective optimisation genetic algorithm. Comparison of results obtained from response surface methodology and multi-objective optimisation genetic algorithm depict that both measured and predicted values have a close agreement. This model could be helpful to select the best combination of end-milling machining parameters to save power consumption and time, consequently, increasing both productivity and profitability.
Mechanistic insights into traditional Chinese medicine for digestive tract cancers: implications for gastric, hepatic, esophageal, intestinal, and pancreatic tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The increasing incidence of cancer-related deaths highlights the pressing need for effective treatment modalities, particularly in the context of digestive tract cancers, such as gastric, hepatic, esophageal, intestinal, and pancreatic tumors. While conventional drug therapies play a critical role in managing these malignancies, their associated side effects often pose significant challenges to patient quality of life. Thus, there is a growing focus on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its compounds, which are safe, non-toxic, and reliable. During anti-tumor therapy, TCM compounds, based on their multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-level regulatory effects, fully mobilize multiple mechanisms of the body, presenting significant advantages in inhibiting tumor development, boosting patient welfare, and increasing their lifespan. This article reviews the mechanisms by which TCM inhibits tumor cell proliferation, promotes tumor cell death, suppresses tumor cell invasion and metastasis, regulates the tumor microenvironment, inhibits angiogenesis, and enhances anti-tumor drug resistance. This knowledge might provide a theoretical and scientific basis for preventing and treating tumors using TCM.
3D target localization based on multi–unmanned aerial vehicle cooperation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ground target three-dimensional positions measured from optical remote-sensing images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle play an important role in related military and civil applications. The weakness of this system lies in its localization accuracy being unstable and its efficiency being low when using a single unmanned aerial vehicle. In this paper, a novel multi–unmanned aerial vehicle cooperative target localization measurement method is proposed to overcome these issues. In the target localization measurement stage, three or more unmanned aerial vehicles simultaneously observe the same ground target and acquire multiple remote-sensing images. According to the principle of perspective projection, the target point, its image point, and the camera’s optic center are collinear, and nonlinear observation equations are established. These equations are then converted to linear equations using a Taylor expansion. Robust weighted least-squares estimation is used to solve the equations with the objective function of minimizing the weighted square sum of re-projection errors from target points to multiple pairs of images, which can make the best use of the effective information and avoid interference from the observation data. An automatic calculation strategy using a weight matrix is designed, and the weight matrix and target-position coordinate value are updated in each iteration until the iteration stopping condition is satisfied. Compared with the stereo-image-pair cross-target localization method, the multi–unmanned aerial vehicle cooperative target localization method can use more observation information, which results in higher rendezvous accuracy and improved performance. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of this method is verified by numerical simulation and flight testing. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the precision of the target’s localization and demonstrates great potential for providing more accurate target localization in engineering applications.
PM2.5 Concentration Pattern in ASEAN Countries Based on Population Density

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The concentration of PM2.5 in ambient air is one of the indicators of air quality that affects public health. This pollutant is considered hazardous due to its small size, which allows it to enter the lungs and remain suspended in the air for a considerable amount of time. Identifying the patterns of PM2.5 concentration distribution is important to recognize the influential factors in increasing PM2.5 concentrations, thus enabling better formulation of solutions. This study analyzed the patterns of PM2.5 concentrations in three ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Four randomly selected measurement locations were chosen in each country, with two locations in densely populated areas and two others in low-density areas. The sample data of PM2.5 concentrations were analyzed using nested factor analysis of variance, which allowed the relationship between the taken parameters, namely country, location, and population density classification, to be determined. The results revealed that all parameters had a significant influence on PM2.5 concentrations.
Convalescent Plasma Therapy: A Century Old Technique for COVID-19 (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

UNSTRUCTURED

It has been proved that the current COVID-19 pandemic can be loosely bound to its predecessor outbreaks i.e. SARS and MERS. No vaccine or approved treatment is available for either coronavirus. At present, COVID-19 has infected 2,436,743 people in over 200 countries with unprecedented transmission rate. Healthcare workers in China initiated treatment of clinically worsening COVID-19 patients with a traditional method of passive immunity i.e. transfusion of plasma recovered from COVID-19 recuperated patients. According to available medical data, this technique is routinely favored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has been in use since 1890 for combatting newly emerging infectious diseases, most commonly of a viral origin. Exploration of studies carried out on Convalescent Plasma and its effectiveness in the past steered our path to theorize the possibility of reducing mortality with convalescent plasma therapy and put together reviewed evidence to support our rallying efforts for enlisting this in the official treatment protocol of COVID-19.
Identification of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Patients with Infective Endocarditis and Comparison of their Surface-associated Properties with those of Other Strains of the Same Species

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ten strains of lactobacilli isolated from infective endocarditis (IE) cases were speciated using the API 50CHL identification system and the identify computer program, and shown to be either Lactobacillus rhamnosus (five strains) or L. paracasei subsp. paracasei strains (five strains). A comparison of their adhesive and surface-associated properties with 14 strains (seven each from the same two species) isolated from other sources indicated that the IE strains showed a significantly greater aggregation by saliva (P=0.005) and a significantly increased binding of fibronectin at pH 5-4. When the two species were compared, the IE L. rhamnosus group of strains had significantly higher values for hydrophobicity, hydroxyapatite adhesion (HA) and salivary aggregation (P<005) than the laboratory strains, whereas none of the assays were significantly different for the IE L. paracasei subsp. paracasei strains. Fibronectin binding was significantly increased for both species when the pH was reduced from 7.3 to 5.4. Fibronectin binding at pH 5.4 was correlated with the cell surface charge, while polystyrene adhesion was correlated with both hydrophobicity and HA adhesion. The data indicated that there may be a contributory role for surface-associated properties in the pathogenesis of Lactobacillus endocarditis, and that strains isolated from IE patients, particularly L. rhamnosus, differ in important respects (hydrophobicity, salivary aggregation and HA adhesion) from most other strains of the same species.
SPARE: Shortest Path Global Item Relations for Efficient Session-based Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Session-based recommendation aims to predict the next item based on a set of anonymous sessions. Capturing user intent from a short interaction sequence imposes a variety of challenges since no user profiles are available and interaction data is naturally sparse. Recent approaches relying on graph neural networks (GNNs) for session-based recommendation use global item relations to explore collaborative information from different sessions. These methods capture the topological structure of the graph and rely on multi-hop information aggregation in GNNs to exchange information along edges. Consequently, graph-based models suffer from noisy item relations in the training data and introduce high complexity for large item catalogs. We propose to explicitly model the multi-hop information aggregation mechanism over multiple layers via shortest-path edges based on knowledge from the sequential recommendation domain. Our approach does not require multiple layers to exchange information and ignores unreliable item-item relations. Furthermore, to address inherent data sparsity, we are the first to apply supervised contrastive learning by mining data-driven positive and hard negative item samples from the training data. Extensive experiments on three different datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms almost all of the state-of-the-art methods.
Emodin Attenuates Cigarette Smoke Induced Lung Injury in a Mouse Model via Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Emodin has antioxidative activities. Here, we investigated the effects of emodin on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced acute lung inflammation. Mice (C57BL/6) were exposed to CS. Emodin was administrated with intraperitoneal bolus injection of emodin (20 or 40 mg/kg) daily 1 h before CS exposure. Emodin inhibited CS-induced inflammatory cells infiltration in mouse lungs, especially at 40 mg/kg. Moreover, emodin resulted in significant reductions in total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells, as compared with air exposure control, coupled with decreases in BALF cytokines. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were remarkably enhanced by emodin in CS-exposed mice. Emodin enhanced CS-induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (both are antioxidative genes) at both mRNA and protein levels, and profoundly promoted their activities in CS-treated mice. Collectively, our results suggested that emodin protects mouse lung from CS-induced lung inflammation and oxidative damage, most likely through its antioxidant activity.