jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prehistories of the Postcolonial: On Philosophy, Politics, and Polemic in Timothy Brennan's Borrowed Light

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Timothy Brennan’s Borrowed Light is a wide-ranging critique of contemporary postcolonial theory by way of a return to intellectual history. Brennan counter-poses a tradition of institutional commitment, systemic thought, and polemic in Vico and Hegel to the interest in subjectivity, fragments, and language games found in Nietzsche and Bataille. He suggests that though the latter has been ascendant since the late 80s, the former school of thought in fact has been the key to overturning colonialism in the past and continues to be so today. This review critically appraises Brennan’s challenging work.
Intentional Objects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The idea of an intentional object, or an object of thought, gives rise to a dilemma for theories of intentionality. Either intentional objects are existing objects, in which case it is impossible, contrary to appearances, to think about something which does not exist. Or some intentional objects are non‐existent real objects. But this requires an obscure and implausible metaphysics. I argue that the way out of this dilemma is to deny that being an intentional object is being an entity of any kind. ‘Object’ here does not mean thing or entity. Rather, to say that something is an intentional object is just to say that it is an object of thought (or other intentional state or act) for a subject. It is further argued that theories of intentionality should not dispense with the idea of an intentional object.
Oil Price and Economic Growth in Small Pacific Island Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Among the 14 Pacific Island countries (PICs), only Papua New Guinea has fossil fuel resources. None of the remaining 13 PICs has any energy sources. Consequently, all the 13 PICs are totally dependent on oil imports for their economic activities. Recent surges and volatility in oil prices have had serious economic re-percussions on economic growth. Since PICs have limited foreign exchange earning capacities, as they have very narrow range of exports and are highly dependent on foreign aid, high oil prices in recent months have seriously tested their economic resilience. This paper applies the recently developed panel analysis procedures to five major PICs, namely Fiji, Samoa, Solomon islands, Tonga and Vanuatu with a view to assess the impact of oil price on economic growth. The findings are that oil price, economic growth and international reserve are cointegrated. The study findings are that although in the long run there is no long run causality relationship between these variables, in the short run the causality linkage runs from oil prices and interna-tional reserve to economic growth. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on policy options.
Multimodal Public Transit Network Design Method Based on Hub-and-Spoke Infrastructure

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a two-phase method for generating a hub-and-spoke network for a multimodal public transit network (MPTN). The first phase addresses the problem of clustering in MPTNs, which is a key operation in solving the hub location problem (HLP) in MPTN design. However, previous work often oversimplifies or neglects the clustering phase, so this study presents a spatial clustering algorithm that can process real urban MPTNs without reducing their size or dividing them into zones. The algorithm is tested on four large city datasets and compared with popular spatial clustering algorithms. In the second phase, a heuristic algorithm is presented that aims to maximize network coverage. The proposed method is tested using the MPTN of Greater London and the resulting hub-and-spoke network is compared with the Journey API provided by Transport for London. The results show that the total travel time is improved by 16.9% with a strict hubbing policy. Transportation planners can adapt the proposed method to their specific needs by changing the size and number of clusters using the cluster scaling factor ([Formula: see text]) parameter and including or excluding any criteria in the decision equations.
Feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of using a humanoid robot to improve the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (Kaspar RCT): a study protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Interventions using robot-assisted therapy may be beneficial for the social skills development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking. The present research aims to assess the feasibility of conducting an RCT evaluating the effectiveness of a social skills intervention using Kinesics and Synchronisation in Personal Assistant Robotics (Kaspar) with children with ASD. Methods and analysis Forty children will be recruited. Inclusion criteria are the following: aged 5–10 years, confirmed ASD diagnosis, IQ over 70, English-language comprehension, a carer who can complete questionnaires in English and no current participation in a private social communication intervention. Children will be randomised to receive an intervention with a therapist and Kaspar, or with the therapist only. They will receive two familiarisation sessions and six treatment sessions for 8 weeks. They will be assessed at baseline, and at 10 and 22 weeks after baseline. The primary outcome of this study is to evaluate whether the predetermined feasibility criteria for a full-scale trial are met. The potential primary outcome measures for a full-scale trial are the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Social Skills Improvement System. We will conduct a preliminary economic analysis. After the study has ended, a sample of 20 participants and their families will be invited to participate in semistructured interviews to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the study’s methods and intervention. Ethics and dissemination Parents/carers will provide informed consent, and children will give assent, where appropriate. Care will be taken to avoid pressure or coercion to participate. Aftercare is available from the recruiting NHS Trust, and a phased withdrawal protocol will be followed if children become excessively attached to the robot. The results of the study will be disseminated to academic audiences and non-academic stakeholders, for example, families of children with ASD, support groups, clinicians and charities. Trial registration number ISRCTN registry ( ISRCTN14156001 ); Pre-results.
Nitrogenase in synchronized Azotobacter vinelandii OP

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Azotobacter vinelandii OP was synchronized by the continuous phased culture technique. The nitrogenase (nitrogen:(acceptor) oxidoreductase) (EC 1.7.99.2) activity of the culture was determined continuously within the fermentor by acetylene reduction. Addition of NH 4 + in excess of 5 × 10 −3 M to the culture lowered nitrogenase activity immediately. Other sources of fixed nitrogen had no immediate effect on nitrogenase activity, but nitrogenase synthesis decreased in the cell cycle following the one in which the fixed nitrogen was added.
Setting the Scene

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

'Ambivalent encounters' spotlights a complex and transformative British theatrical landscape at the turn of the twentieth century. Looking at a diverse array of audiences, performers, and performances across the country, we find an aspirational, transnational culture, undergoing commercial and aesthetic structural changes in its production. Drawing on current theoretical debates across performance and theatre history, ambivalent encounters uncovers the emergence of multiple national narratives in this period which would become pivotal in the development of both Britain and its theatres in the twentieth century.
Study of the therapeutic effects of free radical scavenger edaravone on cerebral hemorrhage in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的 探讨自由基清除剂依达拉奉对实验性脑出血的保护作用及其作用机制.方法 240只SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、手术模型组、依达拉奉术前给药(A)组和依达拉奉术后给药(B)组.参考Rosenberg的脑出血模型的制作方法建立大鼠脑出血模型,采用干重法评价脑水肿程度,Bederson评分法评价神经功能缺损,并观察依达拉奉对血肿周围脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果 手术模型组及依达拉奉A、B组脑组织中水的含量高于假手术组,而依达拉奉A、B组低于模型组,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);依达拉奉A、B组大鼠肢体神经功能缺损的恢复明显快于模型组;与假手术组[(70.7±2.7)U/mg]相比,造模后20 min模型组及依达拉奉A、B组大鼠脑组织SOD活性即开始下降[分别为(62.5±2.5)、(65.2±5.3)、(61.6±4.2)U/mg],180 min时降至最低(P＜0.01),而与同时点模型组比较,依达拉奉各组SOD活性有不同程度升高,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与假手术组[(2.9±0.2)nmol/mg]相比,造模后20min模型组及依达拉奉A、B组大鼠脑组织MDA含量开始增加[分别为(3.4±0.2)、(3.1±0.2)、(3.2±0.5)nmol/mg],与同时点模型组比较,依达拉奉各组MDA含量有不同程度降低,80、110、180min时差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 依达拉奉可抑制大鼠实验性脑出血脑细胞的过氧化作用,减轻脑水肿,改善神经功能,具有脑保护作用。
Video simulation of an audit: an experiment in experiential learning theory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the results of a controlled field experiment carried out to apply experiential learning theory to the teaching of auditing. The weakest aspect of traditional teaching method is the absence of concrete experience. In this experiment, a series of videotapes provide students with a 'feel' for what actually happens in an audit. The experiment involves the first three modes of the learning cycle, and assists students into the fourth mode. The performance of students in the experimental class is found to be significantly better than the control group.
Analisis Pengaruh Proporsi Hutang, EPS Dan Oversubscription Terhadap Fenomena Underpricing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the proportion of debt, EPS, and oversubscription on the underpricing phenomenon in IPO’ s on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2020. Sampling in this study was carried out using purposive sampling method, namely the sampling technique with certain considerations. To test the hypothesis, this study uses secondary data obtained by means of observational studies, literature studies and internet research, and processed using eviews 10. The results of this study indicate that the proportion of debt has no significant effect on underpricing . Earning per share was found to have a significant positive effect on underpricing . Oversubscription was also found to have a significant positive effect on underpricing .
Satellite-Based Water Consumption Dynamics Monitoring in an Extremely Arid Area

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Evapotranspiration (ET) involves actual water consumption directly from the land surface; however, regional ET maps are usually neglected during water management and allocation. In this study, an integrated satellite-based ET monitoring approach with two spatial resolutions is proposed over an extremely arid basin in China that has experienced crop area expansion and has been the focus of a water-saving project since 2012. The proposed ETWatch approach combined with an empirical downscaling strategy based on vegetation condition was employed to produce monthly ET maps. This method achieves satisfactory accuracy and is validated by its reasonable spatial and temporal pattern results. Yearly results exhibit an increasing ET trend before 2012, which subsequently gradually decrease. This trend fits well with the dynamics of the basin-wide vegetation condition, indicating that there is a stronger correlation between water consumption and vegetation than between other environmental indicators. The average ET over three main crop types in the region (grape, cotton, and melon) decreased by approximately 5% due to optimizations of the irrigation timeline during the project, while 13% of the water savings can be attributed to the fallowing of crop areas. Based on the irrigation distribution in 2012, a comparison between drip and border irrigation that achieves water savings of 3.6% from grape and 5.8% from cotton is conducted. However, an afforestation project that involved planting young trees led to an approximate 25% increase in water consumption. Overall, since 2012, the water-saving project has achieved satisfactory performance regarding excessive groundwater withdrawal, showing a reduction trend of 3 million m3/year and an increase in Lake Aiding water levels since 2011. The results reveal the potential of the ET monitoring strategy as a basis for basin-scale water management.
The Entries on Birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents an annotated translation of the section on birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi (late 9th century). The author describes eleven birds of the Lingbiao region (roughly Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan) in short notes that mix real and fictitious elements. This region, always considered dangerous and poorly civilized, was certainly not among the favorite locations of China’s civil servants. Although Liu Xun spent several years in the far South, very little is known about his life. But one can imagine that he felt unhappy in these lands, while at the same time admiring some of its unique features. That also applies to the entries on birds, especially on owls, in his text. The article is an attempt at “deciphering” these parts.
Transients in the low-voltage power-distribution circuits: effects of capacitive loading and dependence an distance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect of capacitive loading on a transient excited in a low-voltage power distribution line section is analyzed in terms of frequency and amplitude of the two damped sinusoidal oscillations that are seen to describe the complete transient. The frequency range involved is from a few kHz to over 100 kHz. Closed form expressions for the amplitudes and frequencies of the two components are derived. The relative importance of the capacitance values and the role of the position of the load along the line are described, thus allowing evaluation of the reduction of the loading effect with distance. Large capacitors such as those used for power-factor correction are shown to constitute essentially a short circuit for the transient disturbance. The experiments confirm the theoretical findings.
Effects of Lean Thinking and Emerging Technologies on Breast Cancer Patients' Therapeutic Process During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case-Control Matched Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the sudden disruption of routine medical care, and the subsequent reorganization of hospital structures and therapeutic algorithms, aiming at protecting patients and health professionals. This was inevitably bound to affect our Breast Unit, dilating both pre- and post-operative times. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on patients' flow of organizational and logistic changes ( key interventions ) based on lean thinking implemented after the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: Clinical and demographic data were retrospectively collected from patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer at the Verona University Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020. Patients enrolled ( n = 341) were divided into two groups according to date of admission: before (Group A; n = 294) and after (Group B; n = 47) the implementation of key interventions. Each case in Group B was subsequently matched 1:1 by means of case-control matching with cases from Group A for age, comorbidities, and type of surgery (Subgroup A1; N = 47). Pre-admission time (T0) and length of stay (T1) were compared between the three groups. Results: Median T0 was 312 h, whereas median T1 was 24 h. Patients in Group B had a higher frequency of comorbidities (57.4 vs. 25.2%, p = 0.001) and underwent mastectomy more often than patients in Group A (61.7 vs. 36.7%, p = 0.001). Both median T0 and T1 were higher in group B than in group A (384 vs. 300 h, p = 0.001, 48 vs. 24 h, p = 0.001, respectively). Median T0 and T1 did not significantly differ between Group B and Subgroup A1 (all p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Lean thinking and new technologies could prove useful to the optimization of preoperative and postoperative times during the current pandemic, minimizing healthcare personnel and patients' exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and promoting a rational use of limited resources, while complying with oncological principles.
Long-Term Influences on Demented Patients in Different Caring Milieus, a Collective Living Unit and a Nursing Home: A Descriptive Study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Environmental influences on demented patients in a collective living (CL group, n = 5) and a nursing home (NH group, n = 5) were studied during 22 months. Intellectual functions rated by the GBS scale indicated a smaller deterioration in the CL group (p &#60; 0.05). A quotient was constructed of EEG alpha/delta activities, which ratio had increased in the CL group, indicating a reduction of dementia-induced changes, and was reduced in the NH group (p &#60; 0.05). The CL group showed signs of better social abilities, more alertness, reduced signs of depression, but caused more 'disturbances'. It seemed, however, as if these patients' behaviour were better accepted by the staff.
STATUS OF INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES IN GIREI FOREST RESERVE OF ADAMAWA STATE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quantitative assessment of indigenous tree species was carried out in Girei Forest Reserve. To achieve the objectives, five plots of 50m x 50m in size were randomly laid in the reserve and number of trees in each plot was enumerated. The highest frequency of 26.7% was observed in the second plots, while the fourth plot exhibit a lower frequency of 15.0%. The result also revealed that almost 53.3% of the tree species in the reserve are being endangered (tree with frequency less than 5). It was observed that most of the indigenous trees are rare in the area and this could be as a result of the following agents such as bush burning, animal grazers, farmers and saw millers. The results of Shannon and Evenness Indices indicated the high uncertainty and rareness of the indigenous species in the study area. Also, Analysis of variance result revealed that there was no significant relationship among the sampled plot (p > 0.05). At this point of endangerment of the indigenous tree species, there is therefore a need for conservation strategies for future use of these indigenous trees and to reduce the effect of global warming on the earth surface.
Visual search controlled by spatial frequency without salient features in an image

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To clarify the characteristics of visual search that are controlled by spatial frequency, we measured the scan path during eye movement in response to visual stimuli. A target stimulus with the spatial frequency of 1/ f β (where β is the slope of power spectral density of luminance in an image) was embedded in a background stimulus with white (1/ f 0 ) characteristics. An instruction‐based task was employed in this study, wherein a subject searches for the target as rapidly as possible and fixates on it. Participants were six healthy males aged 21–22 years. In the task, a threshold for spatial frequency that was the minimum value required by the subjects for the search corresponded to β =∼ 0.2 − 0.3. This finding has potential application in the design of visual presentation media, such as signs and tablets, by providing ease of viewing to the user. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intelligence-Led Policing: An Improvement for Law Enforcement and the Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Police agencies are looking to move away from the traditional view of law enforcement where departments rely on the reactive approach to policing. Many different policing models have been introduced to police departments in the United States to accomplish this task. A new strategy called intelligence-led policing looks to improve the use of criminal intelligence in a proactive effort to fight crime and discover threats. Law enforcement decision makers need an improved intelligence product for better planning. Police departments should implement the intelligence-led policing model in order to better serve their communities. A new strategy in law enforcement is needed due to the complexity of crime and the impact of terrorism in the United States. Intelligence-led policing would improve the sharing of intelligence within a department and between other law enforcement agencies. It would also improve a police department’s use of resources. Kelling and Bratton stated, “Intelligence-led policing is crime fighting that is guided by effective intelligence gathering and analysis – and it has the potential to be the most important law enforcement innovation of the twenty-first century” (p.5).
Effect of Magnetization Mixes Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Ginseng

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To make contrast of effect between applying magnetization mixes fertilizer of 0.05mT,0.1mT and 0.2mT content of surplus magnetism and fly ash,turf and inorganic fertilizer was compared.The results showed that when the content of surplus magnetism was 0.05mT,0.1mT and 0.2mT that had significant effect on the growth of Panax ginseng.Yield of ginseng increased by 11.9%,17.6% and 20.4% respectively.The content of ginsenoside increased by 11.9%,17.1% and 17.4% respectively,the content of amino acid increased by 6.60%,11.0% and 13.2% respectively.