jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adaptive filters based on order statistics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An adaptive filter structure which is based on linear combinations of order statistics is proposed. An efficient method to update the filter coefficients is presented, which is based on the minimal mean-square error criterion and which is similar to the Widrow algorithm for the linear adaptive filters. Another method for coefficient update is presented, which is similar to the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm and which has faster convergence properties. The proposed-filter can adapt well to a variety of noise probability distributions, including impulsive noise. It also performs well in the case of nonstationary signals and, therefore, it is suitable for image-processing applications.< >
Resonance Raman spectra of photodissociated carbonmonoxy hemoglobin and deoxy hemoglobin at 10 K.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Resonance Raman data from deoxy hemoglobin and photodissociated carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (Hb*) at low temperature (10 K) are reported. At this temperature with 457.9 nm excitation, the iron-histidine (Fe-His) stretching mode in deoxy hemoglobin disappears, although with 441.6 nm excitation it is detected at 235 cm-1. The intensity change is interpreted as resulting from changes in energy of iron d orbitals induced by the shortening of the Fe-His bond on temperature reduction. The previously reported narrowing of the Fe-His mode with temperature reduction has been found to be artifact. In Hb*, the Fe-His stretching mode is present with 457.9 nm as well as 441.6 nm excitation and is at higher frequency (242-244 cm-1) than it is in the deoxy samples. Several porphyrin skeletal frequencies are also shifted in Hb* with respect to deoxy hemoglobin. These data are interpreted as resulting from perturbations on the ligand-free histidine-porphyrin complex by the liganded conformation of the heme pocket. We find no evidence that the dissociated CO molecule interacts with the heme in Hb*.
Optimum white clover content for milk production.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nine Jersey and nine Friesian cows in late lactation and housed indoors were fed diets containing either 20, 50 or 80% white clover with the balance perennial ryegrass. During the first 10 days cows were fed ad libitum and during the second 10 days feeding was restricted to 75% of metabolisable energy requirement. Milk yields of cows fed 50% and 80% clover diets ad libitum were not significantly different but were 18% greater (P<0.05) than for cows fed 20% clover. During restricted feeding, when intakes were not significantly different, milk yields of cows fed 50 and 80% clover were again not significantly different but were 10% higher (P<0.10) than for cows on 20% clover. Clover content had no effect on milk composition. The experiment indicated increased yields were due mainly to increased intakes associated with high clover diets, and also the higher nutritive value of the clover. Results showed the optimum clover content for milk production was 55-65%.
BLOOD DESTRUCTION DURING EXERCISE

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Animals recently caged do not show as large a decrease in cell volume after exercise as those which have been confined several months. When a dog kept for a long time under sedentary conditions is exercised continuously for several weeks, a decrease in cell volume occurs in the 1st or 2nd week of exercise, but usually by the end of the 3rd week the loss has been made up. Apparently by this time the hematopoietic tissues have adapted themselves to the increased demands made upon them by the hastened rate of destruction. There is, furthermore, some anatomical evidence that such is the case.
Investigation of starting process of a movable intake configuration at high supersonic speeds

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Starting of an intake is an essential aspect while considering the design of intake geometry (ref.1). It is necessary to have the size of intake reduced for a given size of combustion chamber. In a supersonic intake configuration of type having fixed cowl, its length and ramp angle is designed to have the shock generated from the cowl located on the expansion corner at the design Mach number; so as to have the maximum pressure recovery and avoid viscous losses due to shock boundary layer interaction. Fixed ramp configurations provide good starting characteristics but their size for a given combustion chamber size could be reduced by having a variable contraction ration with a movable cowl i.e., to have a contraction ratio of 1.0 or larger to enable starting of flow through intake and reduce the contraction ratio later by moving the cowl to the design angle to have the shock located at the expansion corner. Intakes based \non this concept are preferred as they provide lower drag due to its size and by controlling the cowl length and its rotation, the operational envelop can be increased.
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer and Reflux Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a growing evidence that gastroesophageal reflux disease is related to several upper gastrointestinal cancers, mainly the esophageal adenocarcinoma and a certain type of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Currently, the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease is rapidly increasing in Korea. Therefore, there is a possibility of such increasing cancerous incidents, similar to the western worlds. In this article, the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and several upper gastrointestinal cancers, the components of refluxate which has possible causal relationship with carcinogenesis, and the clinical implications of such relationship in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients are discussed through the review of literature.
Temporal Trends of Hyponatremia in Patients with Respiratory and Intrathoracic Cancers Treated with Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer a novel approach to cancer treatment by enhancing immune responses against malignant cells. However, ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including hyponatremia, a potentially severe electrolyte disturbance. The risk of hyponatremia increases further when ICIs are combined with cisplatin, a nephrotoxic chemotherapy agent widely used in treating respiratory and intrathoracic cancers. This study investigated the incidence, severity, and temporal dynamics of hyponatremia in patients treated with ICIs alone or in combination with cisplatin. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the TriNetX global health research network. Patients with respiratory or intrathoracic malignancies (n = 14,026) were divided into two groups: ICI-only (n = 7013) and ICI with cisplatin combination (n = 7013), matched using propensity scores. Hyponatremia was categorized into mild (130–134 mmol/L), moderate (125–129 mmol/L), and severe (<125 mmol/L). Temporal trends and cumulative incidence over 90 days were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results: The combination group exhibited a higher cumulative incidence of hyponatremia across all severity levels, with early-phase risk peaking within 20 days of treatment. Rate ratios for mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia were significantly elevated in the combination group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Hyponatremia is a significant complication in patients receiving ICIs, particularly when combined with cisplatin. Early monitoring and tailored management are essential to mitigate risks and optimize treatment outcomes.
Gene‐Based Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Study Data Identifies Independent Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ANXA6 as Being Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Asian Populations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective Previous genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), which were mainly based on single‐variant analysis, have identified many systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility loci. However, the genetic architecture of this complex disease is far from being understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether using a gene‐based analysis may help to identify novel loci, by considering global evidence of association from a gene or a genomic region rather than focusing on evidence for individual variants. Methods Based on the results of a meta‐analysis of 2 GWAS of SLE conducted in 2 Asian cohorts, we performed an in‐depth gene‐based analysis followed by replication in a total of 4,626 patients and 7,466 control subjects of Asian ancestry. Differential allelic expression was measured by pyrosequencing. Results More than one‐half of the reported SLE susceptibility loci showed evidence of independent effects, and this finding is important for understanding the mechanisms of association and explaining disease heritability. ANXA6 was detected as a novel SLE susceptibility gene, with several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing independently to the association with disease. The risk allele of rs11960458 correlated significantly with increased expression of ANXA6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from heterozygous healthy control subjects. Several other associated SNPs may also regulate ANXA6 expression, according to data obtained from public databases. Higher expression of ANXA6 in patients with SLE was also reported previously. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the merit of using gene‐based analysis to identify novel susceptibility loci, especially those with independent effects, and also demonstrated the widespread presence of loci with independent effects in SLE susceptibility genes.
The gut microbial composition in humans in hot occupational settings and the effects of drinking buttermilk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The principal aims of the present study were to examine the latent heat stress relieving capacity of drinking buttermilk and to observe the human gut microbiota in hot occupational condition. A human crossover intervention study with 12 volunteers was studied, each of them performed 3 hours of physical work in a heat chamber. During the working period, the volunteers were given buttermilk, water or no liquid. Rectal and saliva samples were obtained after and during 3 hours of physical work. The results showed no significant differences in diversity indices of three treatment groups, we detected, by means of salivary cortisol level analysis, significantly differences between the Buttermilk and Dehydrated groups, as well as Water and Dehydrated groups at the last time-point (P = 0.017). When it comes to qPCR results, Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 9 (75%) and 12 (100%) subjects, with the medians of 4.039 (Buttermilk), 4.02 (Dehydrated), 4.081 (Water) and 7.407 (Buttermilk), 6.763 (Dehydrated), 7.64 (Water) log 16S rRNA gene copies/g rectal samples respectively. The PCA score and scatter plots indicated that the microbiota differed widely between individuals with regard to both composition and diversity. While the PLS score and loading scatter plots based on cortisol, core temperature and T-RFLP data explicated that the observations separated in groups which representing three treatments of same subject. However, the relationship between the stress indicators (core temperature and salivary cortisol level) and the gut microbial diversity was not clearly shown.
Announcement of population data Haplotypes from the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran for nine Y-STR loci

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nine Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS385a, DYS385b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS19 (DYS394)) were typed in 669 individuals belonging to 16 populations from the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran.
Late‐onset familial Mediterranean fever (FMF): A subset with distinct clinical, demographic, and molecular genetic characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine the prevalence and characterize demographic, clinical, and genetic features of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) of late onset, all patients experiencing their first FMF attack at age 40 years or more were identified using the computerized registry of our FMF clinic, and then thoroughly interviewed and examined. The control group consisted of 40 consecutive FMF patients, who arrived at the FMF clinic for their regular follow-up visit and were 40 years of age or older at the time of the examination. The severity of the disease in patients and controls was determined using a modified score, developed previously. Mutational analysis in the FMF gene was performed using a commercial kit. Only 20 of 4000 (0.5%) patients had late-onset FMF. These patients were mostly men, of non-North African origin, P < 0.05 compared to controls. All had abdominal attacks and in most these were the only manifestation of their disease, P < 0.001. None had chronic or prolonged manifestations of FMF, for example, amyloidosis, chronic arthritis, or protracted myalgia, P < 0.001. The response to treatment was good despite using low colchicine dose, P < 0.05. The overall severity score indicated a mild disease, P < 0.001. Mutational analysis revealed absence of M694V homozygosity, P < 0.01, compared to our regular FMF population. We conclude that the onset of FMF in a late age defines a milder form of disease with typical clinical, demographic, and molecular genetic characteristics. Am. J. Med. Genet. 87:30–35, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Interactions with CAS-Based Textbook Elements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigated how a group of 10 prospective secondary mathematics teachers (PST) read, evaluated, and adapted a textbook lesson involving the symbolic manipulation capabilities of computer algebra systems (CASS). PST read the entire lesson and tended to focus on the organizing question at the beginning of the student lesson and the CAS-S sections of the lesson. PST frequently evaluated the lesson with respect to the teacher and whether lesson elements would promote student understanding. Only one PST evaluated the lesson with respect to the student and how the student might interpret lesson elements. There were five categories of curricular adaptations exhibited by PST: following, additive, mix, reductive, and adaptive. In general, the adaptations made to the lesson by PST were productive. These productive adaptations included asking students to make predictions before using CAS-S and understanding the hidden procedures used by the technology.
[Therapy-resistant microcytic hypochromic anemia from malabsorption-related vitamin B6 deficiency after a gastrointestinal operation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case of a 33-year-old man, who had a past history of a total pancreatectomy for duodenal malignant lymphoma complicated by life-threatening bleeding during chemotherapy at 23 years of age. He achieved complete remission and received no more chemotherapy. Around August 1999 he developed anemia, which failed to improve following intravenous administration of iron, and he was hospitalized. The cause of the anemia remained unclear and he received a blood transfusion. Because of the increasing frequency of transfusions, he was admitted to our hospital to evaluate his anemia in September 2000. On examinations, laboratory findings revealed a low level of serum vitamin B6 (B6) with iron deficiency. Intravenous administration of B6 was performed in addition to iron, with the result that the patient's hemoglobin level was kept at 10 g/dl without blood transfusion. An oral B6 administration test resulted in a low level of B6. These results suggest that B6 deficiency due to malabsorption may cause therapy-resistant anemia. Some reports say that B6 deficiency causes microcytic hypochromic anemia, since B6 is necessary for erythrocytic hemopoiesis as a coenzyme for heme biosynthesis. In the case of microcytic hypochromic anemia, if the cause is unclear, evaluation should be performed, taking the possibility of a hidden cause of B6 deficiency into consideration.
Total intensity and polarized emission of the parsec-scale jet in 3C345

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the parsec-scale structure of the quasar 3C345 at λλ1.3, 2, 3.6, and 6 cm, using total intensity and linear polarization images from 3 epochs of VLBA observations made in 1995.84, 1996.41, and 1996.81. The images show an unresolved "core" and a radio jet extending over distances up to 25 milliarcseconds. At 1.3 and 2 cm, images of the linearly polarized emission reveal an alignment of the electric vector with the extremely curved inner section of the jet. At 6 cm, the jet shows strong fractional polarization (m~15%), with the electric vector being oriented perpendicular to the jet. This is consistent with the existence of a transition from the shock-dominated to the plasma interaction-dominated emission regimes in the jet, occurring at a distance of ~1.5 milliarcseconds from the "core".
Skilled antenatal care services utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: a pooled analysis of demographic and health surveys from 32 countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Each day, an estimated 800 women die from preventable pregnancy and childbirth related complications, where 99% of these avoidable deaths happen in low-and middle-income countries. Skilled attendance during antenatal care (ANC) plays a role in reducing maternal and child mortality. However, the factors that predict the utilisation of skilled ANC services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains sparsely investigated. Therefore, we examined women's utilisation of skilled ANC services in SSA. Methods The research used pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 32 countries in SSA between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of skilled ANC services utilisation. The results are presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of skilled ANC services utilisation in SSA was 76.0%, with the highest and lowest prevalence in Gambia (99.2%) and Burundi (8.4%), respectively. Lower odds of ANC from skilled providers was found among women aged 45–49 compared to those aged 20–24 (aOR = 0.86, CI = 0.79–0.94); widowed women compared to married women (aOR = 0.84, CI = 0.72–0.99); women who consider getting permission to visit the health facility as a big problem compared to those who consider that as not a big problem (aOR = 0.74, CI = 0.71–0.77); women who consider getting money needed for treatment as not a big problem compared to those who consider that as a big problem (aOR = 0.84, CI = 0.72–0.99); and women who consider distance to the health facility as a big problem compared to those who consider that as not a big problem (aOR = 0.75, CI = 0.72–0.77). Conclusion SSA has relatively high prevalence of skilled ANC services utilisation, however, there are substantial country-level disparities that need to be prioritised. Increasing maternal reproductive age being widowed and far distance to health facility were factors that predicted lower likelihood of skilled ANC services utilisation. There is, therefore, the need to intensify female formal education, invest in community-based healthcare facilities in rural areas and leverage on the media in advocating for skilled ANC services utilisation.
MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF DRUG DESIGN AND MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION EFFECTS OF NITROSYL COMPLEXES OF IRON WITH FUNCTIONAL S-LIGANDS ON THE ACTIVITY OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report here our studies of new nitrosyl complexes of iron of the cationic type [Fe 2 (SR ) 2 (NO) 4 ] 2+ with R = cysteamine and penicillamine and of the neutral type [Fe 2 (SR ) 2 (NO) 4 ] 0 with R = benzthiazoline – on the enzymatic activity of hydrolases – cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (PDEcGMP) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -dependent ATPase (SR-Ca 2+ -ATPase). All the complexes studied were found to be modulators of both enzymes. They produced weak inhibition of PDEcGMP activity and marked inhibition of active transport by SR Ca 2+ -ATPase. While having virtually no effect on the hydrolytic center of SR Ca 2+ -ATPase, the active transport of calcium was completely blocked over the concentration range 1 M – 0.1 mM, with uncoupling of the hydrolytic and transport functions of this enzyme. This suggests that these complexes can induce structural-functional changes in SR Ca 2+ -ATPase at concentrations corresponding to an enzyme:inhibitor ratio of 1:1, which is consistent with the antimetastatic action of these compounds.
Rhizobia inoculation increases pea grain yield: an overview and challenges

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of inoculation with microorganisms, mainly rhizobia, on pea (Pisum sativum) production using a systematic literature review approach and a comparative analysis of grain yield to provide information to fill gaps in nontraditional regions of cultivation for this legume. A systematic search strategy was implemented, targeting papers published in scientific journals accessible through the Web of Science® (WoS) database spanning from January 1990 to April 2022. The search terms "Pisum sativum," "inoculation," and "strain" were used. The differences between the pea grain yields from plants inoculated with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and those from noninoculated plants (control) were analyzed using thirteen field-scale studies. Overall, pea inoculation/coinoculation promoted a greater grain yield (3118 ±210 kg ha-1) than noninoculation (2338± 127 kg ha-1), showing the importance of biological nitrogen fixation for legume crop production. In the pursuit of reducing pea production costs, emphasis has been placed on inoculation, highlighting the importance of comprehending the symbiotic relationship between peas and Rhizobium. Furthermore, this research aimed to explore the interaction between Rhizobium and selected microorganisms known to enhance plant growth to identify optimal combinations to boost pea productivity.