jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Health variations among breast-cancer patients from different disease states: Evidence from China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: This study aimed to obtain health utility parameters among Chinese breast cancer patients in different disease states for subsequent health economics model. In addition, we aimed to explore the feasibility of establishing a breast cancer health utility mapping model in China. Methods: Multiple patient-reported health attributes were assessed, including quality of life, which was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) instrument; health utility and self-rated health, which were measured by the EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Multivariate regression models, including a linear regression model, an ordinal logistic regression model and a Tobit model, were employed to analyze health differences among 446 breast cancer patients. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine differences in multiple dimensions of health derived from the FACT-B and EQ-5D-5L instruments. A mapping function was used to estimate health utility from quality of life. Rank correlation analyses were employed to examine the correlation between estimated and observed health utility values. Results: A total of 446 breast cancer patients with different disease states were analyzed. The health utility values of breast cancer patients in the P state (without cancer recurrence and metastasis), R state (with cancer recurrence within a year), S state (with primary and recurrent breast cancer for the second year and above), and M state (metastatic cancer) were 0.81 (SD±0.23), 0.90 (SD±0.12), 0.78 (SD±0.31), and 0.74 (SD±0.27), respectively. There were positive correlations between all scores, including every domain of the FACT-B instrument ( p <0.001). Results from multivariate analysis suggested that patients in the R and M states had lower scores for overall quality of life (R, β = -9.45, p < 0.01; M, β = -6.72, p <0.05). Patients in the M state had lower health utility values than patients in the P state (β = -0.11, p < 0.05). Estimated health utility values, which were derived from quality of life by using a mapping function, were significantly correlated with directly measured health utility values ( p <0.001). Conclusions: We obtained the health utility and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores of Chinese breast cancer patients in different disease states. Mapping health utility values from quality of life using four disease states could be feasible in health economic modelling, but the mapping function may need further revision.
Sharing their secrets: Undocumented students' personal stories of fear, drive, and survival

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The previous chapters have examined how the legal status of undocumented students restrains their access to higher education, exacerbates their academic and emotional stress, and limits their career opportunities. However, individually none of these challenges captures the real struggle of these students. Only through understanding undocumented students' total experience can student affairs professionals be prepared to respond to their needs.
The Global South and the contestation of unilateral sanctions against Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

States from the Global South have long advanced normative claims against the legitimacy of unilateral sanctions. These arguments have been routinely voiced through UN General Assembly Resolutions, shaping a conventional discourse of contestation of unilateral sanctions. We interrogate whether this discourse was challenged by the deployment of unilateral sanctions in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, leading to adjustments. We carry out a content analysis before and after the invasion to identify adjustment patterns. Our analysis shows that Russia’s invasion deactivated claims about the superiority of UN Charter principles and the power asymmetry between senders and targets. Furthermore, it uncovers that the few states in the Global South that engaged in the contestation of sanctions against Russia focused exclusively on the fallout on third countries. The analysis sheds light on the normative limits of contestation.
Cytogenetic variability among Bradyporinae species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chromosomes of six European species (one with two subspecies) of Orthoptera belonging to the tribes Ephippigerini and Bradyporini were analyzed using C-banding, Ag-NOR, DAPI (AT-rich)/CMA3 (GC-rich) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes with the aim to better understand chromosomal organization and evolutionary relationships between genera and subgenera within and across both tribes. The evolution of karyotypes was studied in terms of changes in chromosome number (2n) and morphology (FN, the fundamental number - i.e. the number of chromosome arms including the X chromosome). The ancestral 2n = 31 was reduced to 2n = 29 (FN = 31) and 27 (FN = 31) by one or two Robertsonian fusions in the Ephippigerini. Whereas in the Bradyporini 2n = 27 (FN = 32) as a result of two Robertsonian translocations and a pericentric inversion in the X chromosome. The quantity of heterochromatin in GC-rich regions distinguished the karyotypes of Ephippigerini (only a single CG-rich band on one autosome pair) from those of Bradyporini (CG-rich bands on all chromosomes). FISH using the 18S rDNA probe localized 1-3 rDNA clusters to autosomes and/or to the X chromosome in all species examined. The rDNA loci coincided with active NORs as determined by Ag-NOR staining. A comparison of the location of the single NOR/rDNA in two species of the genus Steropleurus (Ephippigerini) suggests that the reduced chromosome number in S. pseudolus results from a Robertsonian fusion between two pairs of autosomes, one of them carrying the NOR/rDNA as in S. stalii (and also in E. ephippiger). Whereas the karyotypes of three species of the genus Bradyporus, though showing the same chromosome number and morphology, differed in the number and distribution of NORs/rDNA sites [one autosomal in B. (B.) dasypus versus three in B. macrogaster and B. (C.) oniscus, two of them X-linked]. Trends in karyotype diversification of the taxa based on the present data and previous research are discussed. In some individuals belonging to the species Bradyporus (B.) dasypus and B. (C.) m. macrogaster B chromosomes (Bs) were detected: acrocentric (the smallest elements in the complement) and submetacentric (similar to medium-sized autosomes), respectively.
Influence of Annealing on the Electrical Conductivity of Polycrystalline ZrO 2 +8 Wt% Y 2 O 3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The electrical conductivity of partially stabilized zirconia was investigated as a function of frequency (2 Hz to 100 kHz) and temperature (400° to 1000°C) by measuring ac admittance on a 2‐probe cell using Lissajous figures. The dependence of the conductivity on annealing time was investigated with in situ conductivity measurements for prolonged annealing at 800°, 900°, and 1000°C. The aging behavior of two commercial zirconias was studied. At higher temperatures (7<750°C) the decrease in total conductivity arises mainly from changes within the grains, whereas at lower temperatures the decrease arises principally from the grain boundaries. Differences in initial conductivity and aging rates between samples from the two sources were related to grain size and impurity effects.
Hypertension prevalence alteration in 92 815 nurses based on the new standard by 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline: observational cross-sectional study from China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study aimed to elucidate the status of hypertension and to analyse the hypertension changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rate among the portion of Chinese nursing staff based on the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) High Blood Pressure Guideline and the 2010 Chinese Guideline for the Management of Hypertension. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting 512 medical institutions in 13 cities in Hebei Province. Participants The candidates of registered nurses from 512 medical institutions in 13 cities in Hebei Province (N=143 772) were invited to participate in the survey, and few of them who refused to participate were excluded from the research group based on the reasons that 93 603 incumbent nurses at the age of 18–65 accepted to the survey and submitted questionnaires online. Undoubtedly, a response rate of 65.11% was achieved. After excluding 788 individuals with incomplete information in the questionnaires, 92 815 participants were included in the final analysis. Main outcome measures The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension. Results 92 815 participants were included in the final analysis, among which consisted of 3677 men (3.96%) and 89 138 women (96.04%). The mean age of the participants was 31.65 (SD=7.47) years. We demonstrated that 26 875 nursing staff were diagnosed as having hypertension according to the new standard by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, more than 20 551 cases compared with the previous threshold on the 2010 Chinese guideline. The prevalence of hypertension among nursing staff was 28.96% in the context of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, 3.25 times higher than that (6.81%) evaluated by the criteria of the 2010 Chinese guideline. However, the awareness, treatment and control rate (13.50%, 10.73% and 0.81%) were 3.25, 3.22 and 17.48 times lower than those (57.37%, 45.30% and 14.97%) based on the 2010 Chinese guideline, respectively. Conclusions This research illustrated that it was crucial to improve the awareness rate, drug treatment rate and control rate of hypertension for nurses. Meanwhile, according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the prevalence of hypertension in China will increase significantly, which poses a more severe challenge to the management of hypertension in China.
Boiteux, borgnes et autres médiateurs avec le monde sauvage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the imaginative universe of western populations, the symbolic changes from nature to culture are often ensured by hybrid and exceptional, though incomplete, characters with elements of both universes. This ethnographic study proves that this belief is not a simple "cliché": these mediators really do exist. How can one explain the "institutionalised" presence at the limits of the forest of men marked by mutilations and endowed with a kind of talent for communication with the wild world ?
413: The Conditional Knock-Out of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in the Prostate Stroma Results in Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2004413: The Conditional Knock-Out of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in the Prostate Stroma Results in Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia Neil A. Bhowmick, and Harold L. Moses Neil A. BhowmickNeil A. Bhowmick More articles by this author , and Harold L. MosesHarold L. Moses More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37675-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "413: The Conditional Knock-Out of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in the Prostate Stroma Results in Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 109 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 109 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Neil A. Bhowmick More articles by this author Harold L. Moses More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Increased B-lymphopoiesis by interleukin 7 induces bone loss in mice with intact ovarian function: Similarity to estrogen deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Estrogen deficiency caused by ovariectomy (OVX) results in a marked bone loss due to stimulated bone resorption by osteoclasts. During our investigations of the pathogenesis of bone loss in estrogen deficiency, we found that OVX selectively stimulates B-lymphopoiesis which results in marked accumulation of B220-positive pre-B cells in mouse bone marrow. To examine the possible correlation between stimulated B-lymphopoiesis and bone loss, 8-week-old female mice were treated with interleukin (IL) 7, which stimulates B-lymphopoiesis in bone marrow. We also examined bone mass in IL-7 receptor-knockout mice that exhibit marked suppression of B-lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow. The increased B-lymphopoiesis induced by IL-7 administration resulted in marked bone loss by stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption in mice with intact ovarian function. The changes in both B-lymphopoiesis and bone mass in IL-7-treated female mice were similar to those in age-matched OVX mice. In contrast, the trabecular bone volume of the femur was greatly increased in both female and male IL-7 receptor-knockout mice when compared with the respective wild-type and heterozygous littermates. These results show that the perturbation of B-lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow is closely linked to the change in bone mass. We propose here that the increased B-lymphopoiesis due to estrogen deficiency is involved in the mechanism of stimulated bone resorption.
Surgery for Peptic Ulcer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Brief introduction: In healthy adults, the right atrium (RA) serves as a reservoir for the systemic flow return from the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), preparing the two flows to be transferred to the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary circulation. This study aims to quantify the haemodynamics of the RA and the associated SVC and IVC inflows, which have not been fully understood to date.

Basic Methods

Eighteen adults with structurally normal hearts underwent 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging. The cardiac cycle was resolved to 20 temporal phases with a spatial resolution of 3×3×3 mm cube. Analysis included objective visualisation of the flow structures in the RA identified by three different vortex identification criteria, kinetic energy (KE), enstrophy and dissipation. KE and helicity flux were also assessed in both caval veins.

Main Results

Vortex identification methods confirmed that in the majority of participants the blood flow from the caval veins filling the RA during ventricular systole is not chaotic, but rather forms an organised pattern of a single coherent forward turning vortex structure. Thirteen participants displayed a single vortex flow structure, four showed multiple vortices and one had a helical flow pattern without a clear vortex structure. A strong positive correlation exists between the flow KE and enstrophy density.

Conclusions and Implications

This study suggests that flow energy in the RA is mainly rotational, part of which is convected by the highly helical SVC and IVC inflows. Multiple vortices tend to be associated with higher dissipation rates in the central RA region due to turbulence. The rotational nature of the flow in the RA maintains KE better than non-rotational flow. RA flow characteristics are highly related to the helicity content in the caval veins, as well as the KE flux intensity. Lower caval helicity or IVC KE flux dominance tends to favour single vortex formation while the opposite tends to lead to multiple vortices or the rare helical flow patterns. Atria lacking single vortex flow are inclined to have a larger energy input from atrial contraction.

Conflict of Interest

n/a
The first-in-class anti-cancer agent ABTL0812 is effective in preclinical models of human endometrial cancer.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

e17070 Background: ABTL0812 is a first-in-class anti-cancer agent with a unique mechanism of action currently in Phase Ib/IIa clinical development for endometrial cancer and squamous NSCLC. ABTL0812 successfully culminated a Phase I clinical trial showing a high safety profile and long disease stabilizations, including 14-months stabilization in a patient with platinum-unresponsive Grade IIIC endometrial cancer with mutated PI3KCA and Akt. Methods: ABTL0812 synergy with paclitaxel and carboplatin was tested in vitro on Ishikawa cells by MTT assay. ABTL0812 in vivo anti-tumor activity was assessed in a PTEN-null inducible mouse model of endometrial adenocarcinoma development upon tamoxifen injection. In vivo synergy between ABTL0812 and paclitaxel was validated in a xenograft model orthotopically implanted with Ishikawa cells and between ABTL0812 and paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/C) in xenografts derived from a patient (PDX) with grade IIIC2 endometrial carcinoma with mutated PI3KCA. Results: ABTL0812 reduced paclitaxel and carboplatin IC50 by 1.5 and 2.1 times respectively in Ishikawa cells. Synergy with paclitaxel was found in Ishikawa orthoxenografts, showing a maximum Tumor Growth Inhibition (maxTGI) of 56,7±16,9% compared with 34.6±33.2% of paclitaxel group. ABTL0812 alone was effective reducing endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia formation in a mouse model of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Additionally, in an endometrial cancer PDX, ABTL0812 alone showed similar efficacy with reduced toxicity when compared with P/C and improved maxTGI when given in combination (ABTL0812: 45,2±17,5%; C/P*: 38,7±26,9%; ABTL0812+C/P*: 59.3±8.8%; *p=0.031). Conclusions: ABTL0812 has shown efficacy as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in preclinical models of endometrial cancer with mutations on PI3K/Akt pathway, which appears frequently over-activated in patients with these cancers. These results supported the application of ABTL0812 as a first line therapy in combination with chemotherapy for the Phase Ib/IIa clinical trial currently ongoing, positioning ABTL0812 as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of endometrial cancers bearing these genetic alterations.
Hiring and Firing: A Tale of Two Thresholds

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The negative effect of quits on the willingness of firms to provide on-the-job training is well documented in the theoretical literature. Here we explore the strength of this effect by solving a firm's dynamic optimization problem where there is uncertainty about future productivity and nonzero firing costs. We find that the degree to which quit rates affect hiring depends on the ratio of firing to hiring costs. As this ratio rises, the negative effect of quits becomes less important, eventually reversing itself. We also describe how quit rates affect the firing decision. We highlight some testable implications of our analysis.
Soil information system of the Ukrainian Carpathians

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The theoretical aspects and practical approaches to the creation of a soil information system on the example of the Ukrainian Carpathians, which is based on the use of vectorised large-scale soil mapping materials and GIS tools, are considered. The study is devoted to the development of a soil information system for the Ukrainian Carpathians, which integrates vectorised large-scale soil maps and GIS technologies to ensure efficient collection, storage and monitoring of soil data. The scientific novelty of the work is the creation of a multi-level information platform that combines data of different granularity and allows monitoring of soil transects, profiles, and genetic horizons, as well as determining spatial relationships between point and polygonal objects. Particular attention was paid to collecting cartographic materials reflecting the soil cover of the Ukrainian Carpathians and formalising the data for further integration into the soil information system. The system supports analytical tools that allow calculating various geometric, physical and chemical parameters of soil objects. The use of modern GIS tools enables accurate monitoring and forecasting of changes in soil cover under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, making it an important tool for the rational management of soil resources in the Carpathians. The developed system allows storing and updating information, which ensures its adaptability to changes in data analysis and processing methods. This not only increases the efficiency of monitoring, but also ensures the flexibility of the system for the specific needs of users. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using this system for soil protection, sustainable land management, and environmental safety. Expansion of this system to the entire territory of Ukraine will provide additional opportunities for effective monitoring and forecasting of changes in soil cover on a national scale, contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection. Key words: soil information systems; Ukrainian Carpathians; remote sensing; soil database.
Gendered Effects of Crop Diversification and Climate Shocks on Household Food Security Status in Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the impact of climate shocks and crop diversification on household food security in Nigeria by focusing on gender-disaggregated effects. We combine historical rainfall and temperature datasets with the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) for Nigeria. Furthermore, we use an adapted version of the crop diversification Weighted Shannon index (WSI) to measure crop diversification. The food security indicators adopted are the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), the reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI), and the per capita food expenditures. We use a set of panel and dynamic panel models for our analysis, and our results show that climate shocks have negative effects on food security, especially in households with men plot managers. However, we find that crop diversification is positively linked to food security. Our results show the need to target policies to encourage crop diversification in households and promote crop diversification components in women empowerment programs.
Anti-money laundering developments in Iran

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Money laundering has become a global concern in recent years, and many countries attempt to employ some preventive measures to cope with this phenomenon. Anti-money laundering (AML) controls vary in different countries, and consequently many studies, to date, have taken account of these differences along with the AML efforts. In this regard, financial institutions play an important role to tackle money laundering by involving in all three stages of money laundering (placement, layering and integration). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the AML situation of the Iranian banks and also study some related variables. Design/methodology/approach Using the Wolfsberg questionnaire, a survey consisting of 24 Iranian authorized banks in 2017 was conducted. Findings We conclude that Iranian banks have proper AML controls in place. Furthermore, it is concluded that banks with more staffs and more experienced employees are more likely to establish strong AML controls; conversely, banks with more branches are less likely to set up strong AML controls. Originality/value The present study is the first study conducted in Iran, and the outcomes of the study may be helpful to the Iranian and also International Banking System to establish stronger AML controls.