jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comment on hess-2022-186

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Recursive digital filtering of hydrographs is a widely used method to identify the groundwater-borne portion of streamflow. In this context, a distinction is often made between physically based and non-physically based algorithms. The algorithm of Furey and Gupta (2001), for example, is counted among the former. In this paper, it is contrasted with the algorithm of Eckhardt (2005). This algorithm represents a whole class of recursive digital filters based on the assumption that the aquifer is a linear reservoir. It is shown that the algorithm of Eckhardt (2005) is not merely a low-pass filter, but that it is largely identical to the aforementioned physically based algorithm of Furey and Gupta (2001). The algorithm of Eckhardt (2005) differs from the algorithm of Furey and Gupta (2001) only in the time delay assumed between precipitation and the exfiltration of groundwater into surface waters, and in the fact that two parameters are combined into one, BFImax. This parameter can thus be interpreted physically and an approach for its calculation emerges.
Nonlinear spectral dynamics of a transitioning flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The nonlinear spectral dynamics of a transitioning flow in the wake of a flat plate is experimentally studied at different downstream positions with a two-point method. The measurement setup consists of two sensors, which are separated in the downstream direction. The quadratically nonlinear transfer function between the two points is then estimated from the digitized fluctuation data. Such transfer functions permit one to quantify the quadratically nonlinear spectral dynamics occurring between the two sensor points. The method used to estimate the transfer functions and local bicoherency for non-Gaussian input and output signals, by means of digital spectral analysis techniques, is briefly discussed. The measured quadratic transfer function of the experimental data changes gradually with downstream distance, but its main features are unchanged. The observed appearance of progressively higher harmonics of the fundamental mode and the filling in of the spectral valleys over short downstream distances are, thus, mainly caused by spectral redistribution of energy that is available in the interacting modes and not caused by abrupt changes in the coupling properties. This result is supported by the local bicoherency measurements.
Duchenne Smile is Associated with Quality of Life and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Hemodialysis is the most used renal replacement modality for end-stage renal disease patients. Dialysis patients are usually assessed for quality of life (QoL) but smiling was never studied. Duchenne smile is a genuine expression of joy, associated with better survival in some groups of the general population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the smile of dialysis patients can predict their QoL and mortality. Methods: All hemodialysis patients in Saint-George Hospital were included in this prospective study. Patients were interviewed using the Health-Related QoL questionnaire and followed for 10 days for smile screening. Those who smiled more than 34% of time were considered as smiling, then followed for death over 2 years. Results: Overall, 71 patients were studied. Duchenne smile was associated with death at 1 and 2 years (HR = 0.194 [95% CI 0.039-0.958], p = .044) but not with sex or diabetes. Smiling showed a statistically significant correlation with older age, fewer hospitalizations, vitality, physical component score, several QoL scores and general health. Conclusions: A simple observation of patients' Duchenne smile by nephrologists in hemodialysis units can give an idea about their QoL and 2-year survival.
Polydrusus (Eustolus) corruscus Germar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polydrusus (Eustolus) corruscus Germar Polydrusus corruscus Germar, 1824 Polydrusus ligurinus Gyllenhal, 1834 Records. CRI ČER ČNG ČRK KHM KHR KRO KYI IFR LWI LUG ODE RIV SUM* TER VIN VOL ZAK ZAP ŽIT* [Lindeman 1871: 285; Cherkunov 1889: 193; Hildt 1893: 231; Dalla Torre et al., 1936: (P. ligurinus); Roubal 1941: 145; Kubisz et al. 1998: 267; Mazur 2002: 237; Nazarenko 2010d: 88]. Distribution. Palaearctic. Material examined. 55 specimens (ZIN, KUMN, SIZK, ZMUN), including: Sumy Prov.: 1 spec. (SIZK) Konotop, Zhikharev leg., 1918; Zhytomyr Prov.: 2 spec. (SIZK) Zhytomyr. G. Proschiga leg., 10.vi.1928. Biology. Mixed forests. Adults occur in V–VII. Polyphagous on deciduous trees and shrubs.
Microbiological studies from theoretical backgrounds to a preparation (1966-2005)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil is an ecological system that shelters various and numerous microorganisms whose enzymes play a central role in soil metabolic activities. The studies conducted from 1996 to this day are summed up in 17 monographs and several hundreds of research papers and reports of national and international significance. A large proportion of these studies dealt with the monitoring of microbiological activity, i.e., population size and enzymatic activity as indicators of application of mineral fertilizers cultivation practices and pesticides, presence of high contents of heavy metals, and soil disturbances such as compaction, etc. For more than two decades, studies were focused on the effects of N-fixing bacteria on the production and technological characteristics of field and vegetable crops. These theoretical and experimental studies have resulted in the development of several commercial microbiological preparations - patented biological fertilizers and technology of their production. Application of preparations containing Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium nodular bacteria brings significant increases in grain quality and yield and plant biomass of soybeans, peas string beans, dry beans and alfalfa. Azotobacter inoculation positively affects the production and technological characteristics of sugarbeet, corn wheat and other agricultural crops. Microbiological preparations have good prospects because their application is ecologically and economically justified. Namely, it is necessary to further advance the scientific basis of current agriculture because the cost efficiency of mineral fertilization can be improved by combining or correcting the application of mineral fertilizers with microbiological preparations.
The International Political Economy of the Middle-income Trap

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Developing countries face uncertain trajectories for growth in the twenty-first century, with many finding themselves a ‘middle-income trap’. Extant theories in the politics of development that focus on domestic institutional strength and weakness represent necessary but not fully sufficient explanations for the trajectories of middle-income countries. In order to explain uncertain and uneven development outcomes in an era of heightened globalisation, this article seeks to explore the impact of international institutions, specifically the post-Cold War structures of trade and investment and global value chains, on the possibilities for growth for middle-income countries. The particular character of rules and norms defining trade and investment and the power dynamics behind their design suggest that international institutions as well as domestic factors explain disappointing and increasingly unequal development outcomes among middle-income countries.
Introduction of a Canadian dollar coin has created a new health hazard for children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coins have remained at the top of the incidence list of published series of endoscopic removal of pediatric foreign bodies. The introduction of the Canadian dollar coin in 1987 has presented another hazard for children. A total of 228 consecutive pediatric patients that underwent esophagoscopy for removal of foreign body from 1979 to 1989 are reviewed. Esophagoscopy under general anesthesia is the safest technique for the removal of impacted foreign bodies in the esophagus.
Enhancing Power Quality in Microgrids with Hybrid Tuna-Glowworm Swarm Optimization Strategy for Renewable Energy Sources

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The adoption of Microgrids (MGs) assists in evolving the power grid into a more effective, flexible, minimized losses, and less polluted solution for offering the necessities and acquirements of energy consumers. Diverse Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are incorporated into the MGs owing to their characteristics including the inability and variability for precisely controlling and predicting the created various technical issues. The essential issue in MGs that needs to be handled is achieving the essential Power Quality (PQ) regarding the stabilization in voltages and distortions in harmonic levels. Thus, various types of equipment are recommended for enhancing the challenges regarding the uncertainty in sources and nonlinearity in loads. To mitigate the PQ issue in MGs, a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm called Hybrid Tuna-Glow worm Swarm Optimization (HT-GWSO) is suggested in this research work. It is implemented with the integration of both Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO) and Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithms, where the controller parameters are tuned by HT-GWSO. It focuses on enhancing the PQ by differing active power with reactive power. The objective as the minimization of error function along with reducing the power variants is considered here.
Genetic Variation in Akt1 and Risk of Tuberculosis Among Iranian Population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the earliest human diseases which still is considered a public health problem. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute the susceptibility to tuberculosis. Objectives: Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that has an important role in several cellular processes such as cell cycle control, cell survival, and cellular immigration. The Akt signaling pathway has an essential function in incursion and reproduction of numerous bacteria. Polymorphisms in the Akt genes are known to be related with outcome of infections. We investigated a possible association between Akt1 726 G/A polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Iranian patients with PTB. Analysis of the data was done using χ2, and independent sample t-test. Genotypes analysis between the groups was done using logistic regression analyses. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 156 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 154 healthy controls. For detection of polymorphism, we used tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS- PCR) and for determination of PCR products size, we used agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Frequencies of genotypes GG, GA, and AA of the Akt1 726 G/A polymorphism were 45.6%, 47.4%, and 7% in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and 53.9%, 37.0% and 9.1% in the control group, respectively. G allele frequency was 69.2% in patients with PTB and 72.4% in healthy controls. We observed no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of the Akt1 polymorphism between patients with PTB and healthy controls. Conclusions: Our finding showed that Akt1 726 G/A polymorphism was not associated with risk of PTB in our population. More studies are necessary to validate our results.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis prediction framework using a multi-level encoders-decoders-based ensemble architecture technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare disease and also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. In addition, this disease is characterized by a progression in the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord. These neuron cells control most of the functions of humans. ALS causes these neurons, the Lower Motor Neurons (LMNs) and the Upper Motor Neurons (UMNs), to deteriorate over time. As of today, there is no cure yet. However, physicians face challenges in diagnosing and preparing suitable treatment plans. Medical industries have implemented numerous technologies and systems to predict ALS to aid physicians. However, predicting ALS in its initial phase is challenging despite the advancement of technologies. To support these advancements, this article presents a Pipeline Multi-Level Encoders-Decoders-Based Ensemble Architecture Technology (PMLEDBEAT) based on dedicated U-shaped and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architectures to predict ALS and estimate its development rate. The proposed solution depends on two Neural Networks: UNET and GAN, and four parallel blocks of different convolutional and soft average pool layers to improve the system’s capabilities to capture different spatial dependencies across different patches. This proposed pipeline architecture prioritizes significant data and determines dependencies of the captured data by appointing higher weights to each patch according to their importance to underline crucial local features in the GAN block. In addition, the UNET block extracts substantial global characteristics and catches relations between different data. The prediction in the proposed model is performed on the extracted feature maps using a squeeze and excitation method. This approach was evaluated on a dataset from GitHub for different performance quantities using extensive tests. The proposed method achieved higher accuracy, precision, recall, and f-score compared to some implemented works, which ranged from 84% to 89% since it reached 92% accuracy. PMLEDBEAT reveals its capability to operate locally and globally on the patch level and highlights essential data on the spatial level, which implies that PMLEDBEAT can be applied to healthcare facilities to predict ALS.
Developing and Studying the Method of Ultrasonic Purification and Utilization of Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Gases

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method of purification and utilization of internal combustion engine exhaust gases, due to the ultrasound impact on gases in a special storage tank, has been proposed. Large soot particles of gases due to coagulation are deposited on the bottom of the device and disposed of. The hypothesis of analogy of the gas concentration law and the ratio of soot particles during coagulation has been proven. The soot coagulation coefficient has been determined theoretically and experimentally. An experimental bench has been developed. The technique of assessing coagulation processes by the degree of gas transparency before and after exposure to ultrasound has been developed and used, as well as the technique of calculating equipment and options for designing the devices for ultrasonic purification of exhaust gases.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUES IN COUNSELING OF ENHANCEMENT ABILITY MEMORY STUDENTS IN LEARNING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to explain the effectiveness of mind mapping techniques in counseling to improve students’ memory ability in learning. This research uses experimental design, especially pretest-posttest control group designs. The population of this research is the second semester students of Department of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting of FUAD IAIN Batusangkar Academic Year 2018/2019. The sample size was 12 students, consisting of an experimental group and a control group. Data analysis used independent t test through the SPSS computer program. release 20. The results of the study indicate that the mind mapping technique in counseling is effective in improving students' ability to remember lessons. These findings can be used as an alternative by lecturers and students to overcome students’ problems to remember the lessons in learning.
Understanding Carbon Cycling of Terrestrial Ecosystems as a Fuzzy System

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We outline a methodology of full and verified carbon account of terrestrial ecosystems (FCA) that supposes unbiased assessment of relevant proxy values (here: Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget) and reliable estimation of uncertainties. The FCA is a fuzzy (underspecified) system, of which membership function is inherently stochastic. Thus, any individually used method of FCA is not able to estimate structural uncertainties, that is why usually reported “within method” uncertainties are inevitably partial. Attempting at estimation of “full uncertainties” of the studied system we combine the major methods of terrestrial ecosystems carbon account (landscape-ecosystem method, LEA; process-based models; eddy covariance; and inverse modeling). Assessment of the uncertainties of FCA is provided within each method. Landscape-ecosystem approach (LEA) presents the empirical basis of the FCA in form of an Integrated Land Information System; serves for strict systems designing the account; contains all relevant empirical and semi-empirical data and models. By-pixel parametrization of land cover is provided by utilizing multi-sensor remote sensing data within Geo-Wiki platform and other relevant information based on special optimization algorithms. Major carbon fluxes within the LEA (NPP, HR, disturbances, etc.) are estimated based on fusion of empirical data with process-based elements by sets of regionally distributed models. “Within method” results and uncertainties of the methods examined are harmonized and mutually constrained based on the Bayesian approach. The above methodology have been applied to carbon account of Russian forests for 2000-2010; uncertainties of the FCA for individual years were estimated in limits of ±25%, CI 0.9. We discussed strengths and weaknesses of the approach; system requirements to different methods of the FCA, information and research needs; unresolved problems of cognition of fuzzy system; and obtained and potential levels of uncertainties.
The contribution of pleiotropy to blood pressure and body-mass index variation: the Gubbio Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood pressure (BP), body-mass index (BMI), and quantitative phenotypes thought to influence BP (e.g., lithium-sodium countertransport activity) were studied in 2,184 households comprising 5,376 people in Gubbio, Italy. Variance-components models were used to partition the variation of these phenotypes into components characterizing the effects of age-related, measured environmental, additive genetic, pleiotropic, unmeasured shared-household, and individual-specific (or random) factors. The goal of the investigation was to estimate the contribution of pleiotropy to variation in BP and BMI in population-based samples. Although our results suggest that numerous significant bivariate genetic correlations exist between BP and some of the traits investigated, they ultimately lead us to reject a prominent role for any individual bivariate pleiotropic system influencing the natural variation of BP. However, because we found evidence that many traits enter into small-impact pleiotropic relationships with BP, we cannot rule out the possibility that pleiotropic genes, when considered collectively, may contribute to BP variation at the population level. Similar results were obtained when BMI was taken as the primary variable of interest. We argue that the small but significant portion of BP variation explained by individual genes displaying bivariate pleiotropic effects is intuitive, in light of the relatively low heritabilities associated with quantitative cardiovascular phenotypes and the low phenotypic correlations between BP, BMI, and many other physiologically linked measures of cardiovascular function. Our results not only bear directly on both the nature of the multifactorial determinants of BP and the maintenance of BP variation in the population at large, but also emphasize the utility of variance-components models in epidemiologic and population genetics research. We discuss the implications of our results for genetic epidemiologists and medical researchers studying hypertension, as well as the limitations of our study and areas for future research.
An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Success of Bank-issued Micropayment Systems in Iran

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The object of this study is to analyze the factors influencing success of Bank-issued micropayment systems in Iran. Based on an existing IS post acceptance model which considers well known factors, we focus on studying the influence of a new factor related to compulsion (direct and indirect). Our model consists of seven main factors along with 'Direct compulsion' defined as a mediator variable between "Satisfaction", "Perceived Usefulness", "Network Externalities" and "Continuance Intension". 409 filled questionnaires were gathered and analyzed to check thirteen hypotheses related to our model. The collected data have been analyzed at three levels. First, some descriptive statistics are derived in order to obtain an overview of the characteristics of the sample. Second, bivariate correlations between variables are analyzed with respect to the correlation between scales of variables and mediator variables. The final stage of the analysis adopts a regression analysis in order to identify the eventual existence of association and relationship between the dependent and independent variables.
Imaging Spectroscopy‐Based Estimation of Aboveground Biomass in Louisiana's Coastal Wetlands: Toward Consistent Spectroscopic Retrievals Across Atmospheric States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Developing accurate landscape‐scale aboveground biomass (AGB) maps is critical to understanding coastal deltaic wetland resilience, as AGB influences stability and elevation dynamics in herbaceous wetlands. Here we used AVIRIS‐NG imaging spectrometer (or “hyperspectral”) data from NASA's 2021 Delta‐X mission in coastal Louisiana to map seasonal changes in herbaceous AGB across two deltaic basins with contrasting sediment delivery and hydrologic regimes: the Atchafalaya (active) and Terrebonne (inactive). We assessed the impact of atmospheric effects on our retrievals, as high water vapor content in August 2021 caused significant noise in the 880–1,000 and 1,080–1,200 nm near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths. We hypothesized that correcting these wavelengths with our conditional Gaussian interpolation algorithm would improve AGB estimates due to their association with plant canopy water content. We empirically assessed the performance of the corrected spectra on AGB estimates using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), finding that the corrected NIR bands attained high variable importance and reduced estimation errors. Our Random Forest regression approach based on the corrected spectra attained equivalent error metrics via leave‐one‐out‐cross‐validation as the PLSR models ( R 2 = 0.43, mean absolute error = 257.3 g/m 2 ) while greatly improving the AGB maps' visual quality, having better captured variability while reducing noise and discontinuities in AGB estimates across flightlines. The maps show differing seasonal growth, with the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins' AGB increasing from means of 4.3–9.4 and 4.6–8.9 Mg/ha, respectively. We demonstrated that imaging spectroscopy can be applied to assess herbaceous biomass stocks, growth patterns, and resilience in coastal ecosystems.