jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonoperative Treatment for Undisplaced Scaphoid Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the results of nonoperative treatment for acute, undisplaced, stable scaphoid fracture. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 24 cases of acute undisplaced scaphoid fracture that were treated at our department from May 1998 to January 2008. The immobilization method was a long or short arm cast. Flexion-extension exercise was permitted during the period of the short arm cast, but pronation-supination motion was prohibited. After the removal of the cast, active and passive range of motion exercise was started immediately. The result was assessed by the Maudsley scale. Results: The twenty four cases were undisplaced or minimally displaced fracture (10 cases of Herbert type A1, 3 cases of A2 and 11 cases of B2) according to the Mayo classification. The average duration of immobilization was 7.16 weeks. According to the Maudsley scale, 19 cases had an excellent result and 4 cases had a good result. One case had a complication of scapho-lunate dissociation. Conclusion: We recommend conservative treatment with cast immobilization as the first treatment of choice for acute undisplaced scaphoid fracture.
Mobile Phone-Based Joint Angle Measurement for Functional Assessment and Rehabilitation of Proprioception

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Assessment of joint functional and proprioceptive abilities is essential for balance, posture, and motor control rehabilitation. Joint functional ability refers to the capacity of movement of the joint. It may be evaluated thereby measuring the joint range of motion (ROM). Proprioception can be defined as the perception of the position and of the movement of various body parts in space. Its role is essential in sensorimotor control for movement acuity, joint stability, coordination, and balance. Its clinical evaluation is commonly based on the assessment of the joint position sense (JPS). Both ROM and JPS measurements require estimating angles through goniometer, scoliometer, laser-pointer, and bubble or digital inclinometer. With the arrival of Smartphones, these costly clinical tools tend to be replaced. Beyond evaluation, maintaining and/or improving joint functional and proprioceptive abilities by training with physical therapy is important for long-term management. This review aims to report Smartphone applications used for measuring and improving functional and proprioceptive abilities. It identifies that Smartphone applications are reliable for clinical measurements and are mainly used to assess ROM and JPS. However, there is lack of studies on Smartphone applications which can be used in an autonomous way to provide physical therapy exercises at home.
Energy Storage Performance Enhanced and High Stability Achieved in BNT-Based Lead-Free Ceramics under Low Electric Field via Domain Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The urgent energy crisis in modern society has driven the search for dielectric ceramic materials with high power density and rapid charging-discharging capabilities. However, their practical applications are hindered by challenges such as the inability to simultaneously achieve high energy density and energy storage efficiency, the requirement for extremely high electric fields to attain excellent energy storage performance (ESP), and poor stability. In this study, a series of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with the composition (1 - x)(0.8 Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.2 Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)-xSr0.7Sm0.2TiO3 were prepared by combining a multicomponent strategy with A-site defect engineering. The results demonstrate that 0.48BNT-0.12BKT-0.4SST ceramics achieve a recoverable energy density of 3.52 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 92.13% under a low electric field of 189 kV/cm. These properties surpass those of other lead-free energy storage ceramics under comparable electric field conditions, highlighting their significant potential for practical applications. Furthermore, the ceramics exhibit exceptional stability in terms of temperature, frequency, and cycling, along with a high power density of 157.19 MW/cm3 and ultrafast discharging speeds of 73.8 ns, making them highly suitable for high-power energy storage devices.
Device performance degradation to hot-carrier injection at energies below the Si-SiO<inf>2</inf>energy barrier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Device performance degradation due to hot-carriers having energies below the Si-SiO 2 energy barrier are examined. For a test device with L eff = 0.3 µm and T ox 5 nm, transconductance degradation and/or threshold voltage shift have been detected at a drain voltage of 2.5 V, which is lower than the Si-SiO 2 energy barrier(∼ 3.2 eV). In particular, transconductance degradation, rather than threshold voltage shift, is more noticeable. No sharp cut-off is shown near a drain voltage of 3 V. This transconductance degradation is mainly due to an interface state increase caused by drain avalanche hot-carrier injection. It was also found that the time, τ, that it takes for G_{m} or V_{th} to degrade a certain degree, can be expressed as \tau \propto (1/V_{D}) for a V D range of greater than 2.5 V. This degradation occurs in the same way as for long channel devices at V D > 3 V. Thus, hot carrier-related device degradation may be one of the most stringent problems in submicron MOS FETs, even after the power supply voltage is reduced.
Migraine-Related Vertigo and Somatoform Vertigo Frequently Occur in Children and Are Often Associated

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Migraine-related syndromes are a common cause of episodic vertigo and dizziness in children. Somatoform vertigo (SV) is an important cause of chronic dizziness, especially in adolescents. Our aim was to elucidate the comorbidity of migraine and SV. Three diagnostic groups were defined: migraine-related vertigo (MRV), SV, and combined migraine-related and SV (MSV). A retrospective analysis was performed on patient data (demographics, diagnosis, neuro-orthoptic and neurologic status, and results of vestibular and balance testing) from 168 patients who were presented to the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (IFB) over a 2.5-year period. Mean age of patients was 12 ± 4 years (range: 1.4 to 18 years). The most frequent diagnosis was MRV (28%), followed by MSV (19%) and SV (14%). MSV occurred most frequently in adolescent girls (25%). MRV was the most common cause of dizziness in our cohort. MSV ranked second overall but ranked first in adolescent girls, followed by isolated SV. SV was most prevalent in adolescent girls. MRV, MSV, and SV account for about 60% of diagnoses established in our tertiary referral center. Competent care of childhood migraine should include skill in detecting both the clinical symptoms of vertigo and overlapping somatoform symptoms.
Synthesis of lanthanum manganite powders via combustion reactions: some aspects of the influence of magnetic field and charge generation in precursors on the formation of properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The mutual influence of the process of electric charge generation in nitrate organic precursors and a constant external magnetic field on the magnetic properties formation was considered for lanthanum strontium manganite La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3±y powders obtained via combustion reactions. The investigated properties of the obtained samples include hysteresis, magnetocaloric and magnetoresistive effects. The correlation between formation process of extended ensembles of nanoparticles and the functional properties of complex oxide materials was also discussed. The manifestation of a strong magneto-gas-selective effect has been ob-served during the combustion of precursors in a constant magnetic field, which affects the charge generation process. © Ostroushko A.A., Gagarin I.D., Kudyukov E.V., Zhulanova T.Yu., Permyakova A.E., Russkikh O.V., 2023.
Ganging up: team-based aggression expands the population/performance envelope in a multi-robot system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We examine a team of robots with no centralized control performing a transportation task in which robots frequently interfere with each other, thus impairing overall team's performance. It has previously been shown that stereo-typed robot-robot competitions, inspired by aggressive displays in animals, can be used to effectively reduce interference and improve system performance for this task. We describe an extension to the previous best-performing 'aggression function' to dynamic teams of robots. Experimental results show that the new method provides the best performance yet seen. Further, we examine the effects of interference-reduction methods over a range of population sizes, and we compare the results to a previously suggested theoretical model
Geometric-Phase-Effect Tunnel-Splitting Oscillations in Single-Molecule Magnets with Fourth-Order Anisotropy Induced by Orthorhombic Distortion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the interference between tunneling paths that occurs for a spin system with both fourth-order and second-order transverse anisotropy. Using an instanton approach, we find that as the strength of the second-order transverse anisotropy is increased, the tunnel splitting is modulated, with zeros occurring periodically. This effect results from the interference of four tunneling paths connecting easy-axis spin orientations and occurs in the absence of any magnetic field.
Enzymatic maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and its relevance to food allergy and intolerance in infancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The biologic clock that determines the temporal sequence of maturation of digestive and absorptive processes in the gastrointestinal tract is genetically predetermined, but may be modified by dietary, hormonal, or other factors. In general it may be said that the gastrointestinal tract of full-term neonates is capable of digesting and absorbing a nutritionally adequate quantity of dietary protein but capacity is limited. Very low birth weight preterm infants, who are surviving the early neonatal period in increasing numbers, have immaturity of a wide range of digestive and membrane-associated absorptive processes; in addition macromolecular absorption may be increased. Whether a limited capacity to digest food protein results in increased or altered antigenic stimulation of these immature infants remains speculative with present knowledge. Immaturity of intestinal lactase may lead to problems of lactose intolerance, but there is recent evidence that lactase activity may be inducible by milk feeding.
E-269 Probdnf extracellular vesicle expression in plasma collected during mechanical thrombectomy from patients with emergent large vessel stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator are ischemic stroke treatments that assist in restoring blood flow to the brain tissue, but do not guarantee good outcomes. Detection of ischemic cellular alterations systemically in extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be invaluable to disease prognostication and targeted therapeutic development. EVs are nanoparticles released from cells as a means of carrying stimuli specific cargo (e.g. lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) from one cell to another. We hypothesize that one EV protein of interest, pro brain derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) can be clinically relevant and used to predict stroke outcomes/progression.

Materials and Methods

Human ischemic stroke plasma (8 females (F)/5 males (M)) collected during MT in 'Blood And Clot Thrombectomy Registry And Collaboration' (BACTRAC; NCT03153683) and control plasma (4F/ 7M) were unbanked. EVs were quantified with Zetaview-NTA analysis, following isolation with Exoquick, before proBDNF protein was quantified.

Results

EVs measured ~107 nm with 1013 particles (EVs)/mL with no significant differences in size or concentration between stroke and control patients with an average age 73.7 and 34.5 years, respectively. EV proBDNF expression was higher in stroke subjects compared to healthy controls (p=0.0021). During MT, females had higher EV proBDNF that correlated to lower time to recanalization (i.e. infarct time; R2=0.657, p=0.0147). In males, higher EV proBDNF expression correlated (R2=0.812, p=0.0988) to higher Modified Rankin Scores (more disability) at discharge.

Conclusions

These data suggest that EV proBDNF levels can reflect brain damage within hours of stroke onset and should be explored further for translational applications.

Disclosures

A. Trout: None. D. Britsch: None. W. Naberhaus: None. J. Turchan-Cholewo: None. B. Maglinger: None. C. McLouth: None. J. Frank: None. L. Sheikhi: None. S. Pahwa: None. D. Dornbos III: None. J. Harp: None. K. Pennypacker: 4; C; Cerelux. A. Stowe: 3; C; Cerelux. J. Fraser: 4; C; Cerelux.
Research on the Renewal Model of Urban Living Streets from a Multidimensional Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the street with the highest usage rate among urban residents, the lifestyle street can no longer meet the needs of the past in the new era and therefore needs to be updated. Although there are many practices of street renewal now, there is a lack of theoretical research. Based on the theory of multidimensional perspective and many practical examples, this study uses a multidimensional comprehensive approach to update street space, improve street environment, and form a new renewal model for life oriented streets.
Photonuclear reaction in 67Zn

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Mono-energetic [Formula: see text]-beams ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV) based on thermal neutron capture, in a nuclear reactor, using the Mn([Formula: see text]) reaction were utilized for generating a fast neutron source from Zinc, via the [Formula: see text]Zn([Formula: see text]) reaction. One of the incident [Formula: see text]-lines of the Mn source at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]keV, photoexcites by chance a resonance level in [Formula: see text]Zn, with subsequent emission of neutrons at an energy of 191[Formula: see text]keV. The cross-section for this process was measured and found to be [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mb with an intensity of the order of 10 4 [Formula: see text]n/s. The angular distribution of the 191[Formula: see text]keV neutron group was also measured.
Construction of Fluoride‐Rich Interphase for Sustained Magnesiophilic Site Release Toward High‐Stability Chloride‐Free Magnesium Metal Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have the potentials in terms of high energy density, resource abundancy and safety beyond current lithium‐ion batteries. However, the bare Mg metal electrode is prone to be passivated by solvents, suffering from the extremely high overpotential and short life during cycling. Herein, a facile chloride‐free solution pretreatment method for Mg anode is developed to construct the fluoride‐rich artificial interphase. Driven by the strong‐Lewis‐acidity trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, the interphase consisting of magnesiophilic and fluoride‐rich components are constructed by the substitution reaction of Mg metal with antimony trifluoride. The formed porous Sb‐based skeletons can uniform the electric‐field distribution and Mg ions flux at anode side, inducing the self‐adapting dendrite‐free Mg deposition even under large current density. The generated alloyable metal fluoride enables to lower the desolvation energy barrier for Mg ions and sustainedly release metallic antimony to compensate for the potentially invalid magnesiophilic sites during cycling. Therefore the symmetric cells with modified Mg anodes achieve the excellent cycling over 2000 h at 1 mA cm −2 and under a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm −2 . The full cells with CuS cathodes exhibit a superior high voltage stability (2.6 V vs Mg/Mg 2+ ) and high coulombic efficiency close to 100%.
Analysis and Simulation of a Crowbar Protection for DFIG Wind Application during Power Systems Disturbances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performance of a 1.5 MVA wind-power Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) under network fault is studied using simulator developed in MATLAB-SIMULINK. This paper investigates a new control method able to improve the fault-ride through capability of DFIG. In such generators the appearance of severe voltage sags at the coupling point make highlight important over currents at the rotor/stator windings, making the use of crowbar protection device necessary and inevitable in order to protect the machine as well as the rotor side power converter. The simulator consists of the DFIG analytical model, power transformer model and the detailed frequency converter model including crowbar protection device. Simulation results are carried out to show the transient behavior of the DFIG when a sudden voltage dip is introduced with and without the crowbar implementation.
An Ustilaginoidea virens Nuclear Effector SCRE7 Inhibits Rice Immunity via Suppressing OsLBD11/12‐Promoted Transcription of OsCPS2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a great number of effector proteins into various organelles of host plants and suppress plant immunity through different mechanisms. In this study, we identify SCRE7 as a unique nuclear effector that is essential for U. virens infection. SCRE7 interacts with a transcription factor OsLBD11/12 in rice nuclei. Interestingly, defence responses and rice resistance against bacterial and fungal diseases are negatively modulated by SCRE7, but positively regulated by OsLBD11/12. Consistently, transcriptome analyses revealed that SCRE7 and OsLBD11/12 oppositely regulate multiple immune‐related pathways in rice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OsLBD11/12 activates the transcription of OsCPS2 encoding a positive immune regulator through specifically binding to the cis ‐element in the OsCPS2 promoter. SCRE7 attenuates the binding of OsLBD11/12 to the cis ‐element and thereby inhibits the transcriptional activity of the transcription factor and rice immunity. The findings not only represent an unidentified infection strategy in U. virens , but also provide candidate gene targets for the creation of disease‐resistant germplasms in rice.
Evaluation of drug–drug interactions for oncology therapies: in vitro–in vivo extrapolation model‐based risk assessment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims Understanding drug – drug interactions ( DDI ) is a critical part of the drug development process as polypharmacy has become commonplace in many therapeutic areas including the cancer patient population. The objectives of this study were to investigate cytochrome P 450 ( CYP )‐mediated DDI profiles available for therapies used in the oncology setting and evaluate how models based on in vitro–in vivo extrapolation performed in predicting CYP ‐mediated DDI risk. Methods A dataset of 125 oncology therapies was collated using drug label and approval history information, incorporating in vitro and clinical PK data. The predictive accuracy of the basic and net effect mechanistic static models was assessed using this oncology drug dataset, for both victim and perpetrator potential of CYP3A ‐mediated DDI . Results The incidence of CYP3A ‐mediated interaction potential was 47%, 22% and 11% for substrates, inhibitors and inducers, respectively. The basic models for precipitants gave conservative predictions with no false negatives, whilst the mechanistic static models provided reasonable quantitative predictions (2.3–3‐fold error). Further analysis revealed that incorporating DDI at the level of the intestine was in most cases over‐predicting interaction magnitude due to overestimates of the rate and extent of oral absorption of the precipitant. Quantifying victim DDI potential was also demonstrated using f mCYP3A estimates from ketoconazole clinical DDI studies to predict the magnitude of interaction on co‐administration with the CYP3A inducer, rifampicin (1.6–3.3 fold error). Conclusions This work illustrates the utility and limitations of current DDI risk assessment approaches applied to a range of contemporary anti‐cancer agents, and discusses the implications for therapeutic combination strategies.
Bandits with Budgets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate multi-armed bandits with budgets, a natural model for ad-display optimization encountered in search engines. We provide asymptotic regret lower bounds satisfied by any algorithm, and propose algorithms which match those lower bounds. We consider different types of budgets: scenarios where the advertiser has a fixed budget over a time horizon, and scenarios where the amount of money that is available to spend is incremented in each time slot. Further, we consider two different pricing models, one in which an advertiser is charged for each time her ad is shown (i.e., for each impression) and one in which the advertiser is charged only if a user clicks on the ad. For all of these cases, we show that it is possible to achieve O(log(T)) regret. For both the cost-per-impression and cost-per-click models, with a fixed budget, we provide regret lower bounds that apply to any uniformly good algorithm. Further, we show that B-KL-UCB, a natural variant of KL-UCB, is asymptotically optimal for these cases. Numerical experiments (based on a real-world data set) further suggest that B-KL-UCB also has the same or better finite-time performance when compared to various previously proposed (UCB-like) algorithms, which is important when applying such algorithms to a real-world problem.
Gide under Siege: Domestic Conflict and Political Allegory in the World War II Journal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Whether trapped in Nazi-occupied Tunis or enduring an onslaught of attacks in the press, André Gide spent much of the Second World War either literally or figuratively under siege. The writer spent the first two years of the war in the unoccupied south of France, but denunciations from the political Right led him to take refuge in Tunis. His account of the Allied liberation of that city served, in turn, as a pretext for attacks during the postwar purge. This essay will examine the convergence of literature, politics, and sexuaHty in Gide’s Journal from the 1942–1943 siege of Tunis and in the post-armistice and post-Liberation attacks on the writer. It will focus on Gide’s attempt to comprehend the war by means of a domestic allegory and François Reymond’s bid to dislodge Gide’s explanation in L’Envers du Journal de Gide: Tunis 1942–43.