jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-Associated Stem Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Their Utility as Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stem cells are critical for the development and homeostasis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Inflammatory molecules are known to regulate the activity of stem cells. A comprehensive review specifically describing the role of inflammatory molecules in the regulation of stem cells within the GI tract and in GI cancers (GICs) is not available. This review focuses on understanding the role of inflammatory molecules and stem cells in maintaining homeostasis of the GI tract. We further discuss how inflammatory conditions contribute to the transformation of stem cells into tumor-initiating cells. We also describe the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and stem cell-driven progression and metastasis of GICs. Furthermore, we report on studies describing the prognostic value of cancer stem cells and the clinical trials evaluating their therapeutic utility. This review provides a detailed overview on the role of inflammatory molecules and stem cells in maintaining GI tract homeostasis and their implications for GI-related malignancies
Transmission of Enteropathogens through Fresh Herbs and Method of using them as Safe Condiments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and objectives: As an indispensable dietary component, fresh fruits and vegetables, which are often consumed raw, have been reported to harbor large microbial populations often culminating in enteric disease outbreaks.The present study aimed to assess the microbial quality of coriander and mint and find the efficacy of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) in effectively removing such microbes. Materials and methods:Ten grams each of fresh, unstored green coriander (n = 50) and mint (n = 50) samples were examined for their parasitic and bacterial content before and after washing with tap water and with an aqueous solution of 0.001% KMnO 4. The different species of bacteria, as well as their main burden in these herbs, were also estimated along with the parasites they harbored.Results: Only 22% unwashed herbs harbored parasites which were reduced to a significant number on washing with tap water.One hundred percent of the herb samples before washing, and 98% of tap water washed herb samples were contaminated with bacteria.A total of 33 different species of bacteria were isolated, from members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (56.3%)Pseudomonadaceae (15.6%),Vibrionaceae (9.4%,), and Acinetobacteriaceae (6.2%).These bacteria were significantly removed after treatment with KMnO 4 . Conclusion:The study reveals the presence of harmful enteric bacteria and parasites in fresh green coriander and mint which are liable to cause enteric diseases.We recommend that all the fresh produce which is consumed raw should be treated with 0.001% KMnO 4 after tap water washing to render them safe for consumption.
Eph signaling in mitotic spindle orientation: what´s your angle here?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The orientation of the mitotic spindle is a crucial process during development and adult tissue homeostasis and multiple mechanisms have been shown to intrinsically regulate this process. However, much less is known about the extrinsic cues involved in modulating spindle orientation. We have recently uncovered a novel function of Eph intercellular signaling in regulating spindle alignment by ultimately ensuring the correct cortical distribution of central components within the intrinsic spindle orientation machinery. Here, we comment on these results, novel questions that they open and potential additional research to address in the future.
Validation of macroscopic maturity stages of the Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Testes and ovaries of Enteroctopus megalocyathus collected along the Patagonian Atlantic coast were analysed histologically to validate the macroscopic maturity scales adopted for this species. Changes through the course of development of the seminiferous tubules and of the oocyte/follicular cell complexes were characterized and these were classified into five and six microscopic categories of development respectively. A histological maturity index, based on the frequencies of microscopic categories, was used to assess the correspondence between macroscopic maturation stages and the microscopic level of development of the gonadal tissue. Seminiferous tubules showed a regular and progressive pattern of microscopic development within each macroscopic stage and between consecutive macroscopic stages. However, a minority of males exhibiting seminiferous tubule with sperm did not display macroscopic characteristics of the mature-spawning stage. In females, an overlapping of microscopic categories was observed in maturing macroscopic stages. Previtellogenic oocytes were not present at mature-spawning or spent stages. Significant changes in the histological maturity index were observed between consecutive macroscopic stages, confirming the validity of macroscopic maturity scales of both sexes. In addition, by considering both macroscopic and microscopic criteria, it was possible to determine the overall state of development and functioning of the reproductive system during sexual maturation of this species.
Retinal Strokes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy patients with retinal strokes were seen from August 1969 to March 1972. Fifty-three of these patients had a clinical picture suggestive of retinal artery occlusion due to emboli from atheromatous disease of the carotid bifurcation. Carotid arteriograms were performed in 45 of these patients. Carotid bifurcation atheromata were demonstrated as the probable source of emboli in 43 of the 45 patients (96%). Review of a series of 100 consecutive carotid arteriograms performed in hospital patients 60 years of age or older demonstrated an overall incidence of similar carotid atheromatous disease in only 24%. The striking incidence of carotid lesions in patients with retinal stroke syndromes suggests that most retinal strokes are caused by embolization from carotid bifurcation atheromata.
Killer toxin from Hansenula mrakii selectively inhibits cell wall synthesis in a sensitive yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hansenula mrakii secretes extracellularly a killer toxin which kills sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In protoplasts of this yeast, the killer toxin selectively inhibited the synthesis of alkali‐insoluble acid‐insoluble polysaccharides consisting mainly of β‐glucan, but did not inhibit either the synthesis of other cell wall polysaccharides, such as mannan, chitin and alkali‐insoluble acid‐soluble polysaccharides, or the synthesis of protein. Consistent with these results, the toxin was inhibitory to the β‐(1,3)‐glucan synthetase activity of a cell‐free extract from sensitive S. cerevisiae .
Log Analysis Method of Separate Security Solution using Single Data Leakage Scenario

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

최근 산업기밀보호센터의 기밀 유출 통계에 따르면 기술유출 주체는 전 현직원이 80.4%이고, 협력업체 직원에 의한 유출은 9.6%로 내부자에의한 고의 또는 실수로 발생하는 경우가 90%이다. 최근 발생한 카드사 개인정보유출 또한 내부시스템 컨설팅 프로젝트에 참여한 협력업체 직원이 정보유출을 감행한 것으로 밝혀져 사회적으로 큰 충격을 주었다. 이러한 내부정보유출 사고는 기관 및 기업의 이미지 손실뿐만 아니라 금전적인 손실을 발생시킬 수 있어, 다양한 보안솔루션을 도입하여 운영하고 있다. 하지만 보안솔루션들이 독립적으로 운영 및 관리되고, 보안솔루션에서 발생되는 대용량 로그와 다양한 형식의 이벤트를 보안 담당자가 식별하고 판단하기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 내부정보유출 방지를 위한 모니터링을 하기 위해 보안솔루션별로 정보유출 단일 시나리오를 도출하고, 솔루션별로 발생하는 로그 분석에 따라 이를 적용하기 위한 방안을 연구하고자 한다. According to recent statistics published by the National Industrial Security Center, former and current employees are responsible for 80.4% of companies' technology leakages, and employees of cooperative firms are responsible for another 9.6%. This means that 90% of technology leakages are intentionally or mistakenly caused by insiders. In a recent incident, a credit card company leaked private information, and the person responsible was an employee of a cooperative firm. These types of incidents have an adverse effect not only on a company's assets but also on its reputation. Therefore, most institutions implement various security solutions to prevent information from being leaked. However, security solutions are difficult to analyze and distinguish from one another because their logs are independently operated and managed. A large number of logs are created from various security solutions. This thesis investigates how to prevent internal data leakage by setting up individual scenarios for each security solution, analyzing each scenario's logs, and applying a monitoring system to each scenario.
Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Minimally invasive surgery has been increasing in its adaptability to a wide range of procedures. Initially used in general surgery for cholecystectomy its use has now expanded to include Nissen fundoplications, Heller myotomies, donor nephrectomies, and total esophagectomies. Technological advancements have evolved to include robotic systems for performance of complex surgical procedures. We report on our experience of using robotic-assisted technology to perform a transhiatal total esophagectomy.
Ecological and genetic aspects of natural hybridization between Rhinanthus minor and R. angustifolius

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhinanthus minor L. and Rhinanthus angustifolius C.C. Gmelin form viable hybrids when they occur in mixed populations. We were interested in knowing the fate of such mixed populations, and therefore recorded the frequencies of parentals and hybrids in three mixed populations during 4 consecutive years by using genetic (RAPD and ISSR) markers. We found that introgression takes place in both directions, but that more introgressants close to R. angustifolius are formed. One population remained stable, in the other two the R. angustifolius frequencies increased at the expense of R. minor. A study of the breeding system of both species in monospecific populations showed that R. angustifolius was mostly outcrossing (outcrossing rate 0.762), while R. minor was predominantly selfing (0.134). A higher outcrossing rate increases the probability of introgression for R. angustifolius, whereas R. minor is less likely to receive pollen from intermediate hybrids. We also studied the performance of both parental species under different hydric conditions in two years in an experimental garden, and found that R. angustifolius was as fit as R. minor or outperformed its congener under all studied conditions, which may explain the decrease of R. minor in two of the natural populations.
Role of complement in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An acute phase of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) occurs transiently early in the immune response of Lewis rats to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) when Bordetella pertussis is used as adjuvant. It is characterized by a destructive cellular attack directed at the postsynaptic membranes of muscle. Acute EAMG can be passively transferred to normal rats by IgG from serum of rats with chronic EAMG. In the present study, acute EAMG, induced either by passive transfer of syngeneic antibodies or by active immmunization, was inhibited in rats depleted of complement by treatment with cobra venom factor (CoF). Furthermore, passive transfer of antibodies in excess of the muscle's content of AChR was without any measurable effect in rats treated with CoF. Although 60% of the muscle's AChR was complexed with antibody, there was no reduction in the muscle's content of AChR, and neuromuscular transmission was not compromised as judged electromyographically by curare sensitivity. These data imply that redistribution, accelerated degradation, and impairment of the ionophore function of AChR, effects of antibodies described in vitro on extrajunctional AChR, do not play a significant role in vivo in impairing neuromuscular transmission in an intact neuromuscular junction. Complement appears to be a critical mediator of anti-AChR antibodies' pathogenicity in vivo.
DETERMINATION OF PROPELLANT RECIRCULATION ON A 1/30 SCALE ATLAS MODEL USING RARE GAS TRACER TECHNIQUES,

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 1/30 scale model of the Atlas missile was tested in the NACA Wind Tunnel to study the characteristics of recirculation and heating by fuel-rich rocket and turbine exhaust gases burning in the vicinity of the blunt aft section of the missile. A method to determine the relative contributions from these gaseous sources was devised based on the sampling and analysis of tracer gases added to the propellants. One percent helium and one percent neon, respectively, were added to the rocket and turbine gases. Naturally occurring air contains about one percent argon. Samples from the base region were withdrawn through a set of tubes during the rocket firingg. The proportions of helium, neon and argon were determined with a mass spectrometer, and from these proportions by weight of rocket propellant, turbine exhaust, and air at the point of sampling were calculated. Thus, the presence and source of a mixture with potential heating value in the base region was determined. (Author)
Standard of Care During a Crisis: What Should a Surgeon Know (and Do)?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous catastrophic events in the 21st century have motivated renewed discussion regarding whether the traditional definition of standard of care appropriately applies to clinical decision-making in crisis scenarios. Some authorities have proposed the adoption of a crisis standard of care, which refines physician responsibilities during a crisis event in accordance with population health principles. However, this proposal is fraught with controversy, and current medical and legal scholarship on this topic remains complex and conflicted. To clarify these points and provide practicing neurosurgeons with guidance, we provide a review of current literature on the evolving definitions of crisis standard of care. Additionally, we provide an assessment of the implications of a crisis standard of care, as it relates to legal liability, clinical ethics, and neurosurgical practice.
Out of Sync, Out of Sight: Synaesthesia and Film Spectacle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What might a synaesthetic cinema look like? Or, better, what might it sound, smell, taste and feel like? This essay approaches David Lynch's Mulholland Drive as a means of thinking through conceptual but concrete descriptions of synaesthesia not as an artistic device, a metaphor, an historical trend, or a rare clinical condition, but as a way of being in space and time — and being in cinema — that is simultaneously abstract and very real. Lynch's film becomes, as well, an opportunity to think about cinematic spectacle and ‘excess’ in sensorily specific ways. The hallucinatory sensual disjunctions that occur throughout the film reveal a double system of reference: vision and proprioception mutually informing and interrupting one another, in ways that recall Brian Massumi's discussion of topological architecture. Those moments of cinematic, sensory ‘excess’ are sensual reminders of the degree to which vision is entangled with other senses in the experience of cinema.
Sequencing of oligosaccharides using enzyme array digestion with electrochemical and fluorescent detections

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to develop a rapid and sensitive method for oligosaccharide sequencing. The oligosaccharides are subjected to the enzyme array digestion with exoglycosidases of known and well-defined specificities. The enzyme array method involves the division of oligosaccharide sample into aliquots, and the incubation of each aliquot with a precisely defined mixture of exoglycosidases. In the enzyme array method, the presence of a specific linkage anywhere in the oligosaccharide is determined by the inability of an enzyme mixture lacking a given enzyme to cleave that linkage ( a stop point) and the ability of the other enzymes to cleave the linkage up to that point. The direct quantification of released monosaccharides from the enzyme array can be achieved by using pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) or by fluorescent derivatization with a fluorophoric agent. The measured monosaccharide concentrations in combination with the enzyme array analysis provide detail characterization of oligosaccharides with their sugar composition, configuration, and linkage information, The released monosaccharides are further quantified by anion exchange chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for the comparison with the results obtained from PAD and fluorescence measurements. Our enzyme array-electrochemical (or fluorescent) detection method does not require any separation procedure and any priormore » labeling of oligosaccharide and have several practical advantages over the current carbohydrate sequencing techniques including simplicity, speed, and the ability to use small amounts of starting material.« less
Heritage plants in museum environment - three museum gardens in south western Finland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Heritage plants are not commonly presented to visitors in museum gardens. In \nmany cases, there is not much knowledge of the plants. For example, there is \nlack of knowledge of their cultivation history or variety names. \nIn the pilot museum gardens we combine gathered knowledge (e.g. plant \nidentification data to cultivation history) and utilize it in designing demonstration \nmaterial for presenting heritage plants, their histories and their potential for \npresent and future use. Demonstration material includes exhibitions, thematic \nand drama guidance, www-pages, brochures, maps, signs for individual plants or \nparts of the garden. \n18 \nHeritage plants maintained and demonstrated in museum gardens enable to \nmediate information of plant genetic resources to visitors through different \nsenses: touching, tasting and smelling and with visual perception. Information \nreceived from different angles and with concrete ways may help visitors to better \nunderstand the value of plant genetic resources. The abstract concept of \nagrobiodiversity can became more tangible to laypersons and they can make their \nown thoughts on agrobiodiversity. \n
New Constructions of Type-II Binary Z-Complementary Pairs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This letter is devoted to constructing new Type-II Z-complementary pairs (ZCPs). A ZCP of length N with ZCZ width Z is referred to in short by the designation (N, Z)-ZCP. Inspired by existing works of ZCPs, systematic constructions of (2N+3, N+2)-ZCPs and (4N+4, 7/2N+4)-ZCPs are proposed by appropriately inserting elements into concatenated GCPs. The odd-length binary Z-complementary pairs (OB-ZCPs) are Z-optimal. Furthermore, the proposed construction can generate even-length binary Z-complementary pairs (EB-ZCPs) with ZCZ ratio (i.e. ZCZ width over the sequence length) of 7/8. It turns out that the PMEPR of resultant EB-ZCPs are upper bounded by 4.
Comparison of Dual Z-Source inverter and DC-DC boosted PWM inverter for aircraft power generation system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Dual Z-Source inverter scheme with improved quality of the produced voltages is considered. Simulation results of the converter as a part of the aircraft variable-speed/ constant frequency power generation system are presented. The considered scheme is compared to that consisting of a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter and a dc-dc boost converter.
Trading zones in technical and scientific communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper uses the concept of trading zone to theorize sites of symbolic exchange in the field of biological engineering. Focusing on the communication of procedural information, the author specifically examines how expert and amateur communities use online spaces to share experimental know-how, reinforce communal identity, and coordinate resources in a way that facilitates collective knowledge making. The author suggests that scholars and practitioners of technical communication have yet to take a prominent role in shaping these developments but have the potential both to intervene in interdisciplinary negotiations and promote collaboration between diverse stakeholder groups.
Suicidality and self-harming in childhood and adolescence - actual situation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Autoři se zabývají autoagresivním chováním u dětí a dospívajících, suicidálním jednáním ve formě suicidálního pokusu a dokonané sebevraždy a sebepoškozováním. Zejména v poslední době se toto psychopatologické jednání prolíná a vzájemně potencuje. K vzestupu sebepoškozování a suicidálního chování došlo též v souvislosti se zátěží covidovou pandemií.
A horseshoe kidney with partial duplex systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During routine dissection, we identified a horseshoe kidney arrested inferior to the inferior mesenteric artery in a middle-aged male cadaver. On further dissection, the kidneys were fused inferiorly, both hila were wide and the kidneys had bilateral duplicated renal arteries and ureters. Horseshoe kidneys could be associated with bilateral duplex systems.
Co-Engineering Business, Information Use, and Operations Systems for IT-Enabled Adaptation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today’s service-oriented organizations must embrace variation and learn to adapt to an externally driven environment. They also must deal with increasing complexity among entities business processes, internal/external organizations, enterprise software and assets. We refer to enabling methods, such as Adaptive Complex Enterprise (ACE) architecture. The holistic ACE architecture here is based on complete dynamic performance traceability of interacting entities as they produce value. The architecture is operationalized through the related co-engineering methodology of this chapter. With traceability, the business agents have the information for decision-making and adaptation, using information technology (IT) as needed. The unified business-IT architecture approach here is easier than applying a plethora of disconnected business, system engineering and IT frameworks. We use examples to show the resulting analysis for continuous improvement both in the immediate and longer time frames. Benefits occur from the roles of all stakeholders—the business, internal, and external organizations, as well as IT.