jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Screening of Fungicides to Control Artillery Fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We evaluated the influence of 26 fungicides at four different concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 a.i.) on in vitro growth of an artillery fungus ( Sphaerobolus stellatus isolate SS8) in Petri plate culture. The most effective fungicides, as determined by comparison of mean EC 50 values, were polyoxin-D and azoxystrobin, followed by pyraclostrobin, triademifon, tebuconazole, propiconazole, thiophante-methyl, triticonazole, thiram, and fludioxonil. These in vitro laboratory findings need to be evaluated in the field before specific fungicides can be recommended to control artillery fungi in landscape mulch.
Triple-negative breast cancer and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue)loss are predictors of BRCA1 germline mutations in women with early-onset and familial breast cancer, but not in women with isolated late-onset breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Given that breast cancers in germline BRCA1 carriers are predominantly estrogen-negative and triple-negative, it has been suggested that women diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) younger than 50 years should be offered BRCA1 testing, regardless of family cancer characteristics. However, the predictive value of triple-negative breast cancer, when taken in the context of personal and family cancer characteristics, is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether TNBC is a predictor of germline BRCA1 mutations, in the context of multiple predictive factors. Methods Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis in 431 women from the Malaysian Breast Cancer Genetic Study, including 110 women with TNBC. Logistic regression was used to identify and to estimate the predictive strength of major determinants. Estrogen receptor (ER) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) status were assessed and included in a modified Manchester scoring method. Results Our study in an Asian series of TNBC patients demonstrated that 27 (24.5%) of 110 patients have germline mutations in BRCA1 (23 of 110) and BRCA2 (four of 110). We found that among women diagnosed with breast cancer aged 36 to 50 years but with no family history of breast or ovarian cancer, the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations was similar in TNBC (8.5%) and non-TNBC patients (6.7%). By contrast, in women diagnosed with breast cancer, younger than 35 years, with no family history of these cancers, and in women with a family history of breast cancer, the prevalence of mutations was higher in TNBC compared with non-TNBC (28.0% and 9.9%; P = 0.045; and 42.1% and 14.2%; P < 0.0001, respectively]. Finally, we found that incorporation of estrogen-receptor and TNBC status improves the sensitivity of the Manchester Scoring method (42.9% to 64.3%), and furthermore, incorporation of PTEN status further improves sensitivity (42.9% to 85.7%). Conclusions We found that TNBC is an important criterion for highlighting women who may benefit from genetic testing, but that this may be most useful for women with early-onset breast cancer (35 years or younger) or with a family history of cancers. Furthermore, addition of TNBC and PTEN status improves the sensitivity of the Manchester scoring method and may be particularly important in the Asian context, where risk-assessment models underestimate the number of mutation carriers.
A Statistical Characterization of the Effects and Interactions of Small and Large Mistuning on Multistage Bladed Disks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As turbomachinery systems continue to push the limits of modern technology, the modeling techniques being developed also continue to push modern computational limits. While modeling the pristine system during the design process is important, it is equally important to model behavior of mistuned systems, due to wear or manufacturing processes. This work carries out a statistical analysis on a two-stage system consisting of integrally bladed rotors. Various forms of large geometric mistuning, such as missing mass, bends, and dents, are considered. These forms of large mistuning are based on previously reported damage seen in actual engines that have ingested volcanic ash. This work also aims to investigate the interaction of these large mistuned systems with various levels of small mistuning to further understand this complex interaction. For every case studied, a reduced-order model (ROM) will be constructed that includes the effects of small and large mistuning. Large mistuning will only be applied to a single sector of a single stage. Random patterns of small mistuning will be applied to each case of large mistuning after which a modal analysis and a forced response analysis are run. By observing the energy distribution of each mode for the mistuned system, a qualitative trend can be created between various types and levels of large mistuning and the impact they have on changing the dynamics of the multistage system. The amplification factors from the forced response analyses help in understanding the impact small mistuning has when coupled with large mistuning and when the effects of small mistuning dominate over the large mistuning effects.
The Risk Management of Commercial Banks——Credit-Risk Assessment of Enterprises

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the diversified developments of the financial market, commercial banks are confronted with various risks, among which the credit risk is the core, and thus the assessment of enterprises’ credit risks is especially important in the credit process of the commercial banks. Based on the relevant researches about commercial banks’ credit risk management, the paper carries out a deep analysis on the factors that may affect the credit risk assessment and then establishes a relatively comprehensive credit risk assessment system. In this paper, we apply our risk assessment model, which is established on the basis of GRNN neural network model, to make an empirical analysis with the selected sample data. And the results suggest that the hit rates of identifying high quality enterprises and low quality enterprises are 92.16 percent and 93.75 percent, respectively, indicating that the model has realized a good prediction.
Variable Populations of Grapevine Virus T Are Present in Vineyards of Hungary

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grapevine virus T (GVT) is a recently described foveavirus, which was identified from a transcriptome of a Teroldego grapevine cultivar in 2017. Recently, we surveyed vineyards and rootstock plantations in Hungary using small RNA (sRNA) high-throughput sequencing (HTS), at a time when GVT had not yet been described. A re-analysis of our sRNA HTS datasets and a survey of grapevines by RT-PCR revealed the presence of GVT in most of the vineyards tested, while at rootstock fields its presence was very rare. The presence and high variability of the virus in the country was confirmed by sequence analysis of strains originating from different vineyards. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of GVT in Hungary and show its high diversity, suggesting that GVT presence may not seriously affect grapevine health and that it could have been present in European vineyards for a long time as a latent infection.
Single xenotransplant of rat brown adipose tissue prolonged the ovarian lifespan of aging mice by improving follicle survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Prolonging the ovarian lifespan is attractive and challenging. An optimal clinical strategy must be safe, long‐acting, simple, and economical. Allotransplantation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is most abundant and robust in infants, has been utilized to treat various mouse models of human disease. Could we use BAT to prolong the ovarian lifespan of aging mice? Could we try BAT xenotransplantation to alleviate the clinical need for allogeneic BAT due to the lack of voluntary infant donors? In the current study, we found that a single rat‐to‐mouse (RTM) BAT xenotransplantation did not cause systemic immune rejection but did significantly increase the fertility of mice and was effective for more than 5 months (equivalent to 10 years in humans). Next, we did a series of analysis including follicle counting; AMH level; estrous cycle; mTOR activity; GDF9, BMP15, LHR, Sirt1, and Cyp19a level; ROS and annexin V level; IL6 and adiponectin level; biochemical blood indices; body temperature; transcriptome; and DNA methylation studies. From these, we proposed that rat BAT xenotransplantation rescued multiple indices indicative of follicle and oocyte quality; rat BAT also improved the metabolism and general health of the aging mice; and transcriptional and epigenetic (DNA methylation) improvement in F0 mice could benefit F1 mice; and multiple KEGG pathways and GO classified biological processes the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) or differentially methylated regions (DMRs) involved were identical between F0 and F1. This study could be a helpful reference for clinical BAT xenotransplantation from close human relatives to the woman.
Improving recall by recoding interfering material at the time of retrieval.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Our experiments demonstrate that interference of an interpolated list of items with recall of an original list can be substantially reduced by forming Ss just before testing how to reorganize and simplify the interpolated material. In Experiments 1 and 2, Ss better recalled an initial serial list of letters when informed at testing that an interpolated list spelled a certain phrase backward. Similarly, in Experiments 3 and 4, Ss better recalled an initial list of cities when told that the interpolated cities were also names of former U.S. presidents. Control experiments rule out several simple explanations. In contrast to an editing hypothesis, the postorganizing clue helped recall even when problems of list differentiation were minimized. Current memory models appear unable to explain this benefit of a postlearning clue that enables Ss to segregate the interpolated material from the to-be-remembered material.
Ultrastructural characterization of enterochromaffin-type cells in human gastric carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrastructural characterization has been performed on eosinophilic granular cells occurring in gastric carcinomas. Of these, the present paper dealt with enterochromaffin (EC)-type cells. EC-type cells were identified by the presence of eosinophilic granules, immunoreactivity for serotonin (5 HT) and argentaffinity. Conventional electron microscopy revealed that they bore membrane bound, electron-dense granules of varying size (100-800 nm in shorter diameter), which were larger than those of normal EC cells. Their shapes are round, rod-shaped and concave. The granules are immunolabeled for 5HT by both pre- and post-embedding methods. The preembedding method also disclosed diffuse cytosolic immunoreactivity. Both differentiated-type and undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas showed essentially the same results. General trends of occurrence of Paneth-like and EC-type cells in gastric carcinomas were also discussed. The present study confirmed that EC-type cells in gastric carcinoma retained basic characteristics of EC cells despite of morphological deviation from the normal cells. It is speculated that they are derived from neoplastic precursor cells with a special differentiation.
Flank free modified supine position: A new modification for supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The flank-free modified supine position increases the distance between the last rib and the iliac crest, and, together with the absence of a cushion under the flank, provides ample space for puncture, dilatation, multiple tracts and manoeuvrability of the system with the nephroscope.
10 000-hop cascaded in-line all-optical 3R regeneration to achieve 1 250 000-km 10-Gb/s transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate 1 250 000-km 10-Gb/s return-to-zero transmission over 10 000 stages of in-line all-optical reamplification, reshaping, and retiming (3R) regeneration spaced every 125 km. The all-optical 3R regenerator incorporates a 10-GHz all-optical clock recovery module including a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot filter and a semiconductor optical amplifier in a cascaded configuration for fast and stable response. Bit-error-rate (BER) performance measurements show less than 0.7-dB power penalty at the BER of 10/sup -9/ between 1 250 000- (Lap 10 000) and 125-km (Lap 1) transmission using pseudorandom bit sequence 2/sup 23/-1.
Eigensolution expansion of dyadic Green's function for the analysis of microstrip antennas on cylindrical sector multilayer structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An eigensolution expansion of dyadic Green's function for cylindrical sector structures is presented. The cylindrical structure is limited in azimuthal direction by electric or magnetic walls. Due to orthogonality of the eigensolution functions between the walls, the derivation of the dyadic Green's function can be done in spectral domain. The Green's dyad is used to set up an electric field integral equation for the microstrip structure. The solution is carried out with the method of moments. Numerical results for input impedance and radiation pattern are shown.
Educating for intellectual pride and ameliorating servility in contexts of epistemic injustice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Some of the students in our classrooms doubt their intellectual strengths—their knowledge, abilities, and skills. They may be unaware of the intellectual strengths they have, or may ignore, lack confidence in, or under-estimate them. They may even incorrectly judge themselves to be intellectually inferior to their peers. Students who do such things consistently are deficient in the virtue of intellectual pride—in appropriately ‘owning’ their intellectual strengths—and are on their way to developing a form of intellectual servility. Can the ‘standard approach’ to intellectual character education help these students make progress toward intellectual pride? This article argues that there are two limitations in its ability to help. First, the standard approach isn’t likely to help unless it is combined with classroom strategies for ameliorating servility. Second, even when it is combined with ameliorative strategies, any progress it might make in the classroom is likely to be fleeting when a student’s servility is caused by systemic epistemic injustice. This article suggests that rather than prioritize the standard approach, we prioritize strategies that aim at systemic change and amelioration.
The Role of Nutrition in Women’s Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nutrition and a healthy diet play a crucial role in women at times of pregnancy, menstruation, childbearing, baby feeding, menopause, etc., and women have a greater risk of anemia. Nutrition also plays a crucial role in Women's mental and emotional well-being. Nutritional deficiency causes serious problems in pregnant women, and it reflects on baby growth conditions. To avoid these situations, Women's diets must be rich in vitamin B, Vitamin D, calcium and iron contents to maintain bone health and reduce the risk of anemia. In this chapter, we overview the types of diets, daily nutritional needs, types of phytoestrogens, fiber intake, and benefits of an antioxidant-rich diet, and discuss about the Ayurveda nutrients. We also address the hormonal imbalance issues in women due to a lack of sufficient nutrients in the body. At the end of the chapter, various schemes for women’s health conditions and nutritional management have been discussed.
Reconceptualizing Communication for Moral Education in Islam through Dialogic Engagement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Moral education in Islam emphasizes the development of akhlaq (Islamic character), yet pedagogical strategies to internalize these values often rely on monologic instruction. This study explores dialogic engagement as a transformative communication model for Islamic moral education. Using a qualitative library research method, this study analyzed classical Islamic texts, contemporary moral education theories, and recent empirical studies on communication and character development. Content and thematic analysis were applied to synthesize key concepts and pedagogical practices. Findings indicate that dialogic communication through reflective dialogue, interactive Q&A, and value clarification facilitates the internalization of moral values by enhancing critical thinking, empathy, and ethical awareness. When supported by inclusive learning environments and integrated with narrative and demonstrative strategies, dialogic engagement promotes holistic moral development. The study positions dialogic engagement as both a prophetic tradition and a contemporary pedagogical need. It concludes that dialogic methods enable value co-construction between educators and learners. However, empirical research is needed to test its practical application across diverse Islamic educational settings.
Masked cochlear whole-nerve response intensity functions altered by electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cochlear whole-nerve response (CAP) intensity functions were recorded from the guinea pig round window. The intensity functions were obtained in the presence of masking noise, with electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB), and the combination of masking noise and COCB stimulation. Electrical stimulation of the COCB produced the expected reduction of CAP magnitude for low- to moderate-intensity tone bursts. Masking noise produced reductions in CAP magnitude over the whole signal intensity range used in this study. The combination of electrical stimulation of the COCB with the masking noise produced CAP magnitude changes graded between reduction and enhancement dependent on signal and masker levels. In general, at low signal levels, the masked CAP magnitude is reduced compared to the masked alone condition. At high signal levels, the masked CAP is increased in magnitude. These results confirm and extend the earlier observations of Nieder and Nieder [Exp. Neurol. 28, 174–188 (1970); also, Nature 227, 184–185 (1970)].
Use of acousto-optic tuneable filter in fluorescence imaging endoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prototype instrument for fluorescence-based medical diagnostics in vivo is described. The system consists of a rigid endoscope comprising a UV laser-source for fluorescence excitation and a white light source for direct imaging. An acousto-optic tuneable filter (AOTF) is employed as a full-field tuneable bandpass filter. This allows fast continuous or random-access tuning with high filtering efficiency. A study of the diagnostic potential of fluorescence imaging for pancreatitis was conducted on a rat model. In particular, the aim was to detect autofluorescence of endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) that has been shown to accumulate in early-stage diseased tissue undergoing an inflammatory response.
Outcome of Recombinant Factor VIIa Use for Alveolar Hemorrhage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is being widely used as an adjunct to conventional chemoradiotherapy for many hematologic and solid malignancies and some non-malignant hematologic conditions. Alveolar Hemorrhage (AH), seen in 1 to 19% of HSCT recipients has a mortality of 70–100%. Case reports have suggested that administration of recombinant factor VIIa to patients with AH results in rapid clinical improvement and improved survival. Objectives: To study the impact of recombinant Factor VIIa administration in HSCT recipients with AH at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy after HSCT between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 for a presumptive diagnosis of AH. Outcome measures analyzed included requirement for positive pressure ventilation over the six months following bronchoscopy, the length of index hospitalization and survival. Pearson chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: Eighty seven patients were diagnosed with AH during the study period. Recombinant factor VIIa was administered to 24 patients with alveolar hemorrhage. All 24 patients received high dose steroids and intensive supportive care. Along with factor VIIa, 16 patients received platelet transfusions to keep platelet count above 50×109/L, 4 received desmopressin (DDAVP), and 3 received aminocaproic acid. Only 63% were alive at 30 days after bronchoscopy and 38% after 6 months. Overall, 17 of the 24 patients (71%) receiving factor VIIa died during the study period. Seventy five percent required positive pressure ventilation within 6 months of diagnosis. The median duration of hospitalization was 11 days (SD ± 10 days). No thrombotic complications were observed in any of these 24 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in median survival, 1 and 6-month survival, requirement for positive pressure ventilation, respiratory failure as the cause of death, or duration of hospital stay after bronchoscopy between patients with AH who received factor VIIa and those who did not (p=&gt;0.6 for all outcomes). Conclusion: In our study of 24 patients with AH who received recombinant factor VIIa for AH, no significant improvement in survival or alteration in the hospital course was observed. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of Factor VII for this indication.
Disentangling the effects of predator body size and prey density on prey consumption in a lizard

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary 1. Understanding proximate determinants of predation rates is a central question in ecology. Studies often use functional response (density dependent) or allometric (mass dependent) models but approaches that consider multiple factors are critical to capture the complexity in predator–prey interactions. We present a novel comprehensive approach to understand predation rates based on field data obtained from a vertebrate predator. 2. Estimates of food consumption and prey abundance were obtained from 21 semi‐natural populations of the lizard Zootoca vivipara . We identified the most parsimonious feeding rate function exploring allometric, simple functional response and allometric functional response models. Each group included effects of sex and weather conditions. 3. Allometric models reveal the importance of predator mass and sex: larger females have the highest natural feeding rates. Functional response models show that the effect of prey density is best represented by a Holling type II response model with a mass, sex and weather dependent attack rate and a constant handling time. However, the best functional response model only received moderate support compared to simpler allometric models based only on predator mass and sex. 4. Despite this limited effect of prey densities on feeding rates, we detected a significant negative relationship between an index of preferred prey biomass and lizard density. 5. Functional response models that ignore individual variation are likely to misrepresent trophic interactions. However, simpler models based on individual traits may be best supported by some data than complex allometric functional responses. These results illustrate the importance of considering individual, population and environmental effects while also exploring simple models.