jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Primary cilium associated BBSome gene expression during inflammatory stress in mesothelial cells and primary mesothelioma cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Primary Cilium (PC) is an apical sensory organelle receiving extracellular cues such as inflammatory ones. The PC is composed of Bardet-Biedl family of proteins that form the BBSome complex. Mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity have to be described for PC components. Pleural effusion formation is accompanied by inflammation, with uknown impact on BBSome expression. We assessed BBsome gene(s) expression from inflammatory stress with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: Benign mesothelial cells, MeT-5A, and mesothelioma primary cultures established from a patient with epithelioid mesothelioma (pMPM) were cultured with regular medium or media with 5μg/ml of LPS for 24 hours. Cells were lysed for RNA processing and cDNA was prepared followed by qPCR quantitation with gene specific primers for BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS9 and BBS18 and βactin. Log2 transformed 2-ΔΔCt values were used to compare relative gene expression. Results: In MeT-5A cells assayed BBS genes' expression was detectable but without significant differences and no BBS5 expression. In malignant pMPM cells, BBS9 was significantly downregulated (Con mean±SEM;0.0±0.11, LPS -1.11±0.32,p<0.01). BBS5 was expressed in pMPM but not regulated. Conclusion: Benign cells maintained steady BBS genes' expression during LPS stimulus. The expression patterns in the assessed BBSome genes are reversed when compared between benign and neoplastic cells. BBS9 in primary mesothelioma cells is downregulated from LPS stimulus. The findings on BBSome gene expression patterns and differential of BBS9 due to LPS stimulus in transformed cells warrants further investigation.
Two-dimensional dilaton gravity theories of interest can be described by an action

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a review of the canonical quantization approach to the problem of non-perturbative 2d dilaton gravity. In the case of chiral matter we describe a method for solving the constraints by constructing a Kac-Moody current algebra. For the models of interest, the relevant Kac-Moody algebras are based on SL(2,R) ⊗ U(1) group and on an extended 2d Poincare group. As a consequence, the constraints become free-field Virasoro generators with background charges. We argue that the same happens in the non-chiral case. The problem of the corresponding BRST cohomology is discussed as well as the unitarity of the theory. One can show that the theory is unitary by chosing a physical gauge, and hence the problem of transitions from pure into mixed sates is absent. Implications for the physics of black holes are discussed.
Peripheral Coronary Artery Circulatory Dysfunction in Remote Stage Kawasaki Disease Patients Detected by Adenosine Stress 13N-Ammonia Myocardial Perfusion Positron Emission Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary peripheral circulatory disturbances in the remote stage of Kawasaki disease have been reported. In this study, of the 50 patients in the remote stage of Kawasaki disease who underwent coronary perfusion evaluation using adenosine-loaded 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography, 28 patients who did not have stenosis of ≥75% in the left coronary artery underwent an evaluation for myocardial flow reserve (MFR) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCx). Clinical findings were compared between patients with normal (≥2.0) and abnormal (<2.0) MFRs. In the group with an abnormal MFR in the LAD, the responsiveness of the coronary vascular resistance to adenosine stress decreased even in the LCx (3.50 ± 1.23 vs. 2.39 ± 0.25, p = 0.0100). In the group with an abnormal MFR in the LCx, the responsiveness of the coronary vascular resistance in the LAD also decreased (3.27 ± 1.39 vs. 2.03 ± 0.25, p = 0.0105), and the age of onset of Kawasaki disease tended to be younger in the group with abnormal MFR in the LAD and LCx. We found that the peripheral coronary circulation was extensively impaired in the remote stage of Kawasaki disease, suggesting that an early onset of Kawasaki disease may affect the peripheral coronary circulation in later years.
Improving EEG major depression disorder classification using FBSE coupled with domain adaptation method based machine learning algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Major depression disorder (MDD) has become the leading mental disorder worldwide. Medical reports have shown that people with depression exhibit abnormal wave patterns in EEG signals compared with the healthy subjects when they are exposed to positive and negative stimuli. In this paper, we proposed an intelligent MDD detection model based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion (FBSE) coupled with domain adaptation (DA). First, EEG signals are segmented into intervals and each segment is passed through FBSE. Two types of features, including statistical and nonlinear features are investigated and extracted from each FBSE coefficient to detect MDD. Student t-test and Wilcoxon test are employed to remove noisy and bad features that can compromise the performance of data-driven learners. Then, DA method named Independence Domain Adaptation was applied to reduce the difference of feature distributions among subjects. The selected features are sent to a least square support vector machine (LS-SVM), and other classifiers named SVM, k-nearest (KNN), ransom forest, Bagged ensemble, boosted ensemble, decision tree, gradient boosting and stacked ensemble for the comparison purpose. Our experiments are simulated by using publicly available dataset. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in both subject dependence experiment by 10-fold cross validation, subject independence experiment by leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, and Confidence interval respectively. Results showed that the features reduction method can significantly improve the mean accuracy by 4.20. The proposed model is compared with previous studies and the results show that the proposed model outperforms the other methods.
LOBBYING FOR MINIMUM WAGES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using a common agency lobbying framework, this paper illustrates how the minimum wage set reflects the interaction between economic and political factors and under what circumstances will the policymaker be induced, through lobbying, to change the minimum wage. Specifically, when the labor demand elasticity is large, lobbying is successful in inducing the policymaker to set the minimum wage in accordance with her political ideology. However, the paper also shows the conditions under which lobbying will reverse the ideological preference and induce a business‐friendly government to increase the minimum wage. Empirical analysis on a panel data for ten Canadian provinces gives considerable support for theoretical predictions. The real minimum wage decreases in skill‐adjusted union density and political ideology, while larger labor demand elasticity reinforces the influence of political ideology in the presence of lobbying. ( JEL J38, D72, D78)
Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization or multidimensional institution. Ontological discrepancies and political consequences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The subject of this research is the ontological nature of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). An attempt is made to determine the conceptual philosophical-political characteristics of this organization in the light of particular and universalistic approaches. The author examines and describes the impact of ontological characteristic upon the process of formation and functionality of the international organization and multilateral institution. In future, the dual nature of EAEU can carry political and practical consequences for the Eurasian integration &ndash; the question of expectations and outcome from its participation in the indicated integration project, degree and nature of influence upon the domestic policy of EAEU member-states may arise sooner or later. The author's special contribution consists in formulation of the problem of long-term existence of the Eurasian Economic Union from perspective of identification of its ontological characteristics. For achieving success in this regard, integration must represent a universalistic paradigm founded on the principle of pan-unity (universality), when any integration structure is a part of infinite whole, the Universe, endued with the basic characteristics and patterns, and interconnected with all other parts. However, if integration wends the path of particularism, it would be founded on the positivistic methodology, which in turn, considers &ldquo;external realities&rdquo; and their structures as measurable. Each participant of the integration would seek to comply with the own national interest, which first and foremost is aimed at preservation of national sovereignty. In this regard, the term &ldquo;international organization&rdquo; no longer reflects the nature of such integration structure to the fullest, and thus it can be referred to as &ldquo;multilateral institution&rdquo;.
Laboratory Monitoring of Biological Therapies in Rheumatology: The Role of Immunogenicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biological drugs, such as proteins and immunogens, are increasingly used to treat various diseases, including tumors and autoimmune diseases, and biological molecules have almost completely replaced synthetic drugs in rheumatology. Although biological treatments such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs seem to be quite safe, they cause some undesirable effects, such as the onset of infections due to weakening of the immune system. Given the biological nature of these drugs, they might be recognized as extraneous; this would induce an immune reaction that neutralizes their effectiveness or lead to more serious consequences. Laboratories play a pivotal role in appropriate therapeutic management. The aim of this review was to underline the production of anti-drug antibodies during treatment with biological drugs and highlight the role of laboratories in ensuring appropriate use of these drugs.
A simple technique for discrimination between radar targets with minor variations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we present a novel method to discriminate between two very similar targets with minor variations in structure and composition. The algorithm uses the singularity expansion method (SEM) to extract the natural frequencies, the E-pulse technique, and a new definition of the discrimination number (DN). The present method exploits the idea that the minor variations either in the structure or material composition show up prominently in the pole locations belonging to the high-frequency range. Numerical results are presented for wire scatterers, showing effective discrimination for the purpose of validation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 336–342, 2001.
Success with Style: Using Writing Style to Predict the Success of Novels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Predicting the success of literary works is a curious question among publishers and aspiring writers alike. We examine the quantitative connection, if any, between writing style and successful literature. Based on novels over several different genres, we probe the predictive power of statistical stylometry in discriminating successful literary works, and identify characteristic stylistic elements that are more prominent in successful writings. Our study reports for the first time that statistical stylometry can be surprisingly effective in discriminating highly successful literature from less successful counterpart, achieving accuracy up to 84%. Closer analyses lead to several new insights into characteristics of the writing style in successful literature, including findings that are contrary to the conventional wisdom with respect to good writing style and readability.
Myocardial infarction caused by coronary artery injury after a blunt chest trauma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the case of a 29-year-old man, victim of a car accident, who suffered a severe blunt chest trauma, with evolving congestive heart failure. He had previously had a good overall health status, with no symptoms of cardiovascular disease. At the initial assessment, the electrocardiogram showed Q waves in the precordial leads and the echocardiogram disclosed severe left ventricular dysfunction. Coronary angiogram showed a proximal left anterior descending coronary artery lesion, with anterior wall akinesis on contrast-enhanced ventriculography. A Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed no viability. He remained on medical treatment with good evolution.
Effect of Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 Dopants on the Stable Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-Based Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics with various amounts of Ta2O5 dopant were investigated for their ability to enhance high-temperature stability to meet X9R specifications. The results were compared to those for ceramics with the common Nb2O5 additive. The best composition appeared to be 0.9BaTiO3–0.1(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 with 2 mol% Ta2O5 dopant sintered at 1215 °C, which had a dielectric constant of 1386, a tanδ value of 1.8%, temperature coefficients of capacitance (TCCs) of −1.3% and 1.2%, and electrical resistivities of 2.8 × 1012 and 1.5 × 1010 Ω·cm at 25 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Its microstructure consisted of fine equiaxed grains with a perovskite structure and an average grain size of 0.46 μm and some rod-like grains of second-phase Ba6Ti17O40 with a size of approximately 3.2 μm. The Ta2O5 dopant caused a reduction in the grain size and a slight increase in trapped pores. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant flattened and the Curie point was dramatically suppressed with the addition of Ta2O5 dopant, leading to smooth dielectric temperature characteristics over a relatively broad temperature range. The X9R formulations and their dielectric properties were highly repeatable in this study.
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.
Patient's lung cancer diagnosis as a cue for relatives' smoking cessation: evaluating the constructs of the teachable moment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Whether smokers experience a family member's lung cancer as a TM is influenced by multiple interrelated cognitive and affective factors that warrant further exploration. Clearer understanding of these factors could inform how to re-invigorate and sustain this motivation to promote concrete actions toward smoking cessation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Neural-Network Model for Helping the Synthesis of a Dual-Frequency Induction Heating Device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the paper an induction heating problem is considered. The Finite Element analysis is used to evaluate the temperature along a line on a graphite disk heated by a power inductor. Subsequently, a fully-connected Neural Network (NN) is trained with the aim of implementing a surrogate model able to compute the temperature profile on the disk, given the amplitude and frequency of the supply current.
Sequential treatment with transurethral resection and hormonal therapy for bladder endometriosis of vesicoureteric junction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To estimate the efficacy of sequential treatment of bladder endometriosis (BE) of the vesicoureteric junction using transurethral resection (TUR) and hormonal therapy. Design: Case report. Setting: Private multispecialty hospital. Patient: A multiparous woman presented with perimenstrual lower urinary tract symptoms, cyclic chronic pelvic pain, and left loin pain. Intervention[s]: Ultrasonography revealed marked left renal dilatation. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of a bladder mass. A diagnostic cystoscopy revealed compression of the left vesicoureteral junction. Complete TUR BE with release of chocolate material during resection, followed by ureteric double J stent insertion for 3 months, was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of BE, followed by adjuvant hormonal therapy (dienogest) for 3 months. Followup for about 2 years revealed complete relief of the symptoms without any recurrence. Main Outcome Measure[s]. Success and recurrence rates of sequential TUR and hormonal therapy of BE of the vesicoureteric junction. Result[s]. TUR BE followed by adjuvant hormonal therapy was very effective in eradicating BE of the vesicoureteric junction in a safe manner without recurrence on follow-up for 2 years. Conclusion[s]. BE of the vesicoureteric junction can be properly treated by sequential TUR and hormonal therapy without recurrence over a 2-year follow-up.
Clinical characteristics and immune state in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the continuous change of cellular immunity clinical characteristics,outcome and prognosis in tuberculosis patients. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to test the dynamic change of levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17 and other related cytokine protein in latent infection patients,the patients and healthy uninfected. Results Compared with healthy group,the levels of IL-4,IL-17 in the serum of patients group was significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01),and IFN- γ was significantly decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01);IL-4,IL-17 level in serum of latent infection patients group also increased, the difference is statistically significant(P0.01),IFN- γ level also decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01);and IL-4,IL-17 level in the patients was higher than that in the incubation group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01),the level of IFN- γ was reduced than latent group,the difference was statistically significan(tP0.01). Conclusions The dynamic changes of cell factor protein levels are closely related to the patient's condition,course of disease, clinical outcomes. The detection of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17 are helpful for guiding tuberculosis early diagnosis and treatment.
A runtime manager for gracefully degrading SoCs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing number of transistors integrated on a single chip comes with the blessing of raw computational power and the curse of susceptibility to various kinds of faults. On top of increased defect densities, wearout effects mean that the testing verdict at fabrication time cannot be trusted throughout the chip lifetime. However, extra computational power presents the opportunity to build gracefully degrading MPSoCs. Re-configurable components and flexible workloads, along with runtime support, enable MPSoCs to deal with permanent faults degrading one or more system aspects, such as performance, energy efficiency and delivered functionality, instead of failing. In this manner, chip life is prolonged and safety is increased. In this work Graceful Degradation (GD) is formulated as an optimization problem in the context of MPSoCs. As such, its possible solutions can be evaluated in a parameterizable and consistent manner. An attempt at a runtime solution for a heterogeneous 4-core SoC is made and the resulting GD manager is evaluated in terms of speed and accuracy, with a use case combining essential automotive tasks and non-essential additional features. On average, it is found to produce a solution 89% as good as the optimal, in 4.3μsec running on one core of a common modern CPU.
Comparison of Micromechanical Models for Predicting the Young’s Modulus of Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Analytical models for predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials are useful when experimental procedures are not feasible. This study presents a review of micromechanical analytical models used to predict the Young’s modulus of fiber-reinforced composites (FRC). The theoretical models assessed in this work include the series and parallel models, the effective modulus approach, the Halpin-Tsai equations, and the Cox and Nilsen models, due to their relatively simple mathematical descriptions. The study focused on an epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon fiber, E-glass, and Kenaf (a natural fiber), as these fillers are commonly used in various industrial and research applications. The comparison between experimental and predicted values indicates that models such as the Halpin-Tsai and effective modulus approach provide better agreement with the experimental measurements for the targeted composites.