jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
OCKELM+: Kernel Extreme Learning Machine based One-class Classification using Privileged Information (or KOC+: Kernel Ridge Regression or Least Square SVM with zero bias based One-class Classification using Privileged Information)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Kernel method-based one-class classifier is mainly used for outlier or novelty detection. In this letter, kernel ridge regression (KRR) based one-class classifier (KOC) has been extended for learning using privileged information (LUPI). LUPI-based KOC method is referred to as KOC+. This privileged information is available as a feature with the dataset but only for training (not for testing). KOC+ utilizes the privileged information differently compared to normal feature information by using a so-called correction function. Privileged information helps KOC+ in achieving better generalization performance which is exhibited in this letter by testing the classifiers with and without privileged information. Existing and proposed classifiers are evaluated on the datasets from UCI machine learning repository and also on MNIST dataset. Moreover, experimental results evince the advantage of KOC+ over KOC and support vector machine (SVM) based one-class classifiers.
Studies on the Metabolisms of Fusaric Acid(5-Butypylridine-2-carboxylic Acid) Aza-Analogues

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to estimate the generality of the chain elongation reaction observed on the metabolism of fusaric acid (5-butylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid) in rat liver, the metabolism of the following heteroaromatic carboxylic acids, 5-alkylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid (3a-d), 2-alkylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (4a-d), 6-pentylpyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (5), and 5-pentylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (6), was investigated. Although 4a-d, 5, and 6 did not undergo the chain elongation, in the metabolites of 3a-d collected from the rat urine, pyrimidine-2-propionic acids, pyrimidine-2-acrylic acids, pyrimidine-2-(3-hydroxypropionic)acids, and pyrimidine-2-(3-oxopropionic)acids were detected together with the ω-oxidation products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. This is a rare example of chain elongation in drug matabolism as well as the case of 5-alkylpyridine-2-carboxylic acids.
Nonlinear viscoelastic response of the vocal fold lamina propria under large-amplitude oscillatory shear.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Viscoelastic properties of the vocal fold lamina propria have been reasonably quantified beyond the linear range for describing tissue behavior under uniaxial stretch or tensile deformation, but the same cannot be said for oscillatory shear deformation, which is more relevant for understanding the mechanics of large-amplitude vocal fold vibration. Previous studies reporting the viscoelastic shear properties of vocal fold tissues have been limited to characterization of the small-amplitude viscoelastic response in the linear viscoelastic region, partly due to the fact that derivation of the elastic and viscous shear moduli is based on the assumption of linearity, and also because of the lack of a coherent framework for describing any nonlinearities beyond the linear viscoelastic region. Based on a recently proposed rheological framework for quantifying such nonlinearities, this study examined the viscoelastic response of human vocal fold cover specimens subjected to large-amplitude oscillatory shear, up to a shear strain amplitude of around 1.0. Results indicated that the linear viscoelastic moduli (G′ and G″) cannot adequately describe the tissue response under large-strain shear deformation, whereas geometrical interpretations of Lissajous–Bowditch curves could unveil nonlinearities that are obscured by the use of G′ and G″, such as the phenomenon of strain stiffening.
Determination of /sup 238/Pu and /sup 241/Am in /sup 239/Pu by a. cap alpha. -spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The ..cap alpha..-spectrum tailing function used for the determination of /sup 238/Pu//sup 239/Pu and /sup 241/Pu in plutonium isotopic mixtures is described. The ..cap alpha..-ratio of /sup 238/Pu to /sup 239 +240/Pu is determined from sources purified by anion exchange. The ..cap alpha..-ratio of /sup 238/Pu + /sup 241/Am to /sup 239 +240/Pu ..cap alpha..-ratio is found by difference and converted to atom parts per million by application of the /sup 239/Pu//sup 240/Pu isotopic ratio as determined by mass spectrometry. The validity of the method has been verified by analysis of Standard Reference Materials of the US National Bureau of Standards over a period of 5-1/2 years. These analyses enable us to establish the effective purification dates of SRM 946 (10 Apr 70), SRM 947 (26 Sep 70), and SRM 948 (6 Jul 62).
People with chronic disease should be encouraged to manage their care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

When European Union health ministers meet in Denmark next week they will discuss how empowerment of citizens and patients can help prevent and control the epidemic of chronic non-communicable disease, estimated to account for 86% of deaths and 77% of the total burden of disease in Europe.

The topic has been put on their agenda by the Danish health minister, Astrid Krag, who last week hosted the first European meeting on patient empowerment, held in Copenhagen under the Danish presidency of the Council of the European Union.

Speaking to delegates from 35 countries, she said that health systems had to undergo radical change. Their prime focus should be on health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic care—not acute (reactive) care—and on changing “the relationship between patients and professionals . . . Both need to see that shared …
Disability, Deafness and Ideology in the late Twentieth and early Twenty-first Centuries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Ideology constitutes an important site of struggle for disabled people and for Deaf communities. In recent decades two ideologies - normalisation and rights - have offered different answers to the question of what it means to be disabled or Deaf. Both ideologies emerged in the post World War II period; both challenged long-established institutional structures and professional practices; and both appealed to notions of human and civil rights. However, normalisation is fundamentally paternalistic where reform is seen to be a matter for professional expertise and to be negotiated in academic circles and in the domains of professional practice. In contrast, a rights ideology is based on a social model of disability and a socio-cultural model of deafness that oppose the exclusion of disabled and Deaf people from strategic and participative roles in defining the issues, in policy making, and in decision taking. Where normalisation seeks to eradicate or attenuate difference, a rights' perspective advocates recognition and respect for difference; where normalising ideology looks to expertise and organisational change for solutions, disability movements and Deaf communities argue that the most satisfactory answers are to be found in the fields of politics and power.
Modulation Technique of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Palladium Nanospheres by Coating with Titanium Dioxide Shell for Application to Photothermal Therapy Agent

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although plasmonic palladium (Pd) nanospheres are thermodynamically stable and have high photothermal conversion due to the free and bound electron coupling associated with the intrinsic high interband transition, they have not attracted attention as a photothermal conversion material for next-generation photothermal cancer therapy. This is because the Pd nanospheres generate the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) intrinsically in the ultraviolet region, which is far away from the biological transparent window (750–900 nm). In this study, we controlled the LSP wavelength of Pd nanospheres by coating with high refractive index TiO2 shells taking advantage of the Pd LSPR which is highly sensitive to changes in the local refractive index around the nanospheres. Our calculations indicated that the absorption cross section at 808 nm (corresponding to the wavelength used for photothermal treatment) was increased by 4.5 times by redshifting the LSPR and increasing the extinction intensity associated with the coating with TiO2 shell. Experiments confirmed the theoretical prediction in that the LSPR of the synthesized Pd nanospheres with a diameter of 81 nm was significantly redshifted by coating with amorphous TiO2 shell, resulting in significant large extinction intensity at 808 nm. The photothermal conversion efficiency was estimated to be 50%. In vitro cell tests, HeLa cells incubated with 100–300 μg/mL TiO2-coated Pd nanospheres were efficiently killed by irradiating 808 nm laser (1.8 W) even though the nanospheres with the same concentrations showed little cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the Pd nanospheres coated with high refractive index shells can be promising as a photothermal therapy agent.
Stability of Clostridial Spore in Soil Culture and Screening for Plasmids in the Clostridium strains

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Stock cultures of Clostridim, which had been maintained as spores with soil as carrier for 50-70 years, were used to determine their revival ratio, and plasmids were screened among the revived strains. From 131 soil cultures, 100 strains grew in the liguid medium giving the revival ratio of 76%. Analyses of the fermentation products divided the revived strains into 63 solventogenic strains and 37 acidogenic strains. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed one or more plasmid bands in the cleared lysates of 50 revived cultures. The sizes of the plasmids range in size from 1 to more than 50 kilobase pairs.
Comparison of speaking fundamental frequency in English and Mandarin

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To determine if the speaking fundamental frequency (F0) profiles of English and Mandarin differ, a variety of voice samples from male and female speakers were compared. The two languages’ F0 profiles were sometimes found to differ, but these differences depended on the particular speech samples being compared. Most notably, the physiological F0 ranges of the speakers, determined from tone sweeps, hardly differed between the two languages, indicating that the English and Mandarin speakers’ voices are comparable. Their use of F0 in single-word utterances was, however, quite different, with the Mandarin speakers having higher maximums and means, and larger ranges, even when only the Mandarin high falling tone was compared with English. In contrast, for a prose passage, the two languages were more similar, differing only in the mean F0, Mandarin again being higher. The study thus contributes to the growing literature showing that languages can differ in their F0 profile, but highlights the fact that the choice of speech materials to compare can be critical.
The Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value Predicts the Survival of Patients with ER-positive, HER-2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To define the prognostic value of pan immune-inflammation
value (PIV) in patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, Human
epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) negative metastatic breast
cancer receiving cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors.
Material and Method: The present study enrolled patients diagnosed
with HR-positive, HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer who were
treated with novel CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib or ribociclib at
Suleyman Demirel University Hospital, Turkey, and Antalya Hospital of
Health Sciences University, Turkey from 2015 to 2020. The cut-off value
of c-reactive protein albumin ratio (CRP/alb), neutrophil lymphocyte
ratio (N/L), lymphocyte monocyte ratio( L/M), platelet lymphocyte
ratio (Plt/L), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and PIV is
determined by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
analysis. Progression-free survival (PFS) comparisons of palbociclib and
ribociclib treatments, and CRP/alb, N/L, SII, and PIV were performed
using Kaplan-Meier curves and median survival times. PIV was
calculated as neutrophil x platelet x monocyte /lymphocyte count
(10⁹/L).
Results: Ninety-one patients were included in this study. The patients’
mean age was 58.4±11.7 years. At a median follow-up of 48 months,
11% (10) of patients died. 53.8% (49) of patients had the metastatic
disease when they were diagnosed. 87.9% (80) were postmenopausal,
and 39.6% (36) received ribociclib, 60.4% (55) palbociclib. The cutoff
value of PIV is calculated as 476.5 using the receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) analysis. The Cox regression analysis for PFS
showed that PIV (HR:4.68; p=0.022) and drugs combined with CDK4/6
(HR:4.68; p=0.022) were the only independent prognostic markers
for PFS. Median progression-free difference was not significantly
significant between ribociclib and palbociclib groups (27.9 vs 25.5
months respectively; %95 CI, 25.9-29; p=0.654).
Conclusions: PIV is a simple and inexpensive, easily calculated marker
to predict the survival of patients with ER-positive, HER-2-negative
metastatic breast cancer. This technique can assist physicians in putting
tailored and focused treatment plans in place. Between ribociclib and
palbociclib, there is no statistically significant difference in PFS.
Rubin: New Bulgarian red pepper variety for grinding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The new variety for grinding was bred at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The plants form mid-high about 60 cm indeterminate bush with 20 -21 cm long stem, 2 - 3 comparatively well-leafed branches and on average 16 red fruits. Rubin differed by the pendant fruits and easier picking from the other two Bulgarian varieties Gorogled 6 and Buketen 50. The fruit length was on average 9-11 cm, the diameter-approximately 2 cm and the fruit weight is on average 14 g. Rubin exceeds in dry matter yield Gorogled 6 and Buketen 50 by 54 % and 111%, respectively. The dry matter content at the optimal harvesting term was about 25 % and the pigments were 170 - 220 ASTA. The new variety did not differ in total pigment content from Gorogled 6 and Buketen 50.
Factors Associated with All-Cause 30-Day Mortality in Indonesian Inpatient COVID-19 Patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Indonesia, as a developing country, has limited data on the factors associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. As a matter of fact, study analyzing factors associated with 30-day mortality of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia has never been conducted. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a large-scale analysis of factors associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. Method: This study employed a single-center retrospective cohort observational design, and was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital between the years 2022 and 2023. Sampling was conducted using the consecutive sampling method. The study included patients aged 18 years and above who had been confirmed to have COVID-19 infection. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Result: Our study included a total of 644 patients, with 120 patients (18.6%) expiring within 30 days. In the multivariate analysis using the backward Wald method, severe COVID-19 (HR: 7.024; 95% CI: 3.971–12.744; p value: <0.0001), moderate COVID-19 infection (HR: 1.660; 95% CI: 1.048–2.629; p value: 0.031), liver cirrhosis (HR: 3.422; 95% CI: 1.208–9.691; p value: 0.021), female sex (HR: 1.738; 95% CI: 1.187–2.545; p value: 0.004), old age (HR: 2.139; 95% CI: 1.279–3.577; p value: 0.004), high leukocyte (HR: 11.502; 95% CI: 1.523–86.874; p value: 0.018), high NLR (HR: 1.720; 95% CI: 1.049–2.819; p value: 0.032), high CRP (HR: 1.906; 95% CI: 1.092–3.329; p value: 0.023), high procalcitonin (HR: 3.281; 95% CI: 1.780–6.049; p value: 0.001), and high creatinine (HR: 1.863; 95% CI: 1.240–2.800; p value: 0.003) were associated with 30-day mortality from COVID-19 infection. Subgroup analysis excluding cancer patients showed that age, D-Dimer, CRP, and PCT were associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients, while steroid therapy is protective. Conclusions: This study finds that COVID-19 severity, liver cirrhosis, sex, age, leukocyte, NLR, CRP, creatinine, and procalcitonin were associated with COVID-19 mortality within 30 days. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of COVID-19 infection mortality. It is important, therefore, that patients which exhibit these factors should be treated more aggressively to prevent mortality.
A multimedia program for teaching structural design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently, interactive multimedia has been introduced in many institutions to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Using new authoring computer programs, graphics and sound can now be integrated into tutorial packages. The Hypercard tutorial package "MUBEAM" was developed by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Melbourne to teach flexural design of reinforced concrete beams and has been used successfully during the last two years. The program consists of 12 cards covering different aspects of design. A brief description of the program is given in this paper.< >
Phytosociological study of the shrub and pre-forest communities of the effusive substrata of NW Sardinia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The trachybasalt biogeographic sub-district of the NW Sardinian district, included in the coastal and hilly sub-sector of the Sardinian biogeographic sector, is characterised by two large effusive complexes: that of the rhyolites, andesites and dikes of the Oligo-Miocene alkaline volcanic cycle (14-32 Ma) and alkaline basalts, rhyolites, rhyodacites and dikes of the volcanic cycle with alkaline, transitional and sub-alkaline affinity of the Pliocene-Pleistocene (0.14-5.3 Ma). Between 2000 and 2004, 156 surveys were carried out on shrub communities in order to improve knowledge of their phytosociology. Vegetation analysis led to the identification of 11 associations and 13 subassociations, referring to 3 syntaxonomic classes. Of these, 5 new associations are hereby described for the first time: <i>Clematido vitalbae-Maletum pumilae, Crataego monogynae-Aceretum monspessulani, Lavatero olbiae-Rubetum ulmifolii, Genisto desoleanae-Ericetum arboreae and Telino monspessulanae-Cytisetum villosi</i>.
Gaussian Logarithms and Navigation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The following comments on Captain C. H. Cotter's note (this Journal , Vol. 24, page 569) on the use of addition and subtraction logarithms in navigation may be of interest. Captain C. Carić was not the first to introduce gaussian logarithms to navigators, since their use was advocated, at least to Portuguese navigators, in 1920 by Admiral Gago Coutinho (see my review of Precision Astrolabe by Francis M. Rogers, 25 , 135), and actually used by him on his pioneering transatlantic flight in 1922. They are included in several collections of nautical tables, including Tábuas Náuticas by Fontoura and Coutinho, as well as those of Friocourt and Hoüel; but I have been unable to obtain the dates of their first inclusion. However, it is most unlikely that either Coutinho or Carić, who incidentally used quite different basic formulae, were the first to advocate the use of addition and subtraction logarithms, or possibly to publish methods and tables. They were in use to a small extent in astronomical calculations, and to a somewhat larger extent in surveying. Dr. L. J. Comrie, the computer and table-maker, who was Superintendent of H.M. Nautical Almanac Office (N.A.O.) from 1930 to 1936, was an enthusiastic advocate and designed many computational forms incorporating their use.
Analysis of Muslim-Friendly Tourism Potential in Padang Ganting Hot Spring Tourism, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the potential of Muslim-friendly tourism and the obstacles to its implementation at the Padang Ganting hot spring tourist destination in Tanah Datar Regency West Sumatera Indonesia. The focus of the research is to identify the four components of Muslim-friendly tourism destinations with the standardization issued by Indonesia Muslim Travel Index (IMTI). They are Accessibility (access), Communication (communication), Environment (environment), and Service (service) Methods: Data were collected by using observation, in-depth interviews and document studies. Furthermore, the data that has been collected will be analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. Result: The results show that the potential of Muslim-friendly tourism in the Padang Ganting hot spring is quite large, although there are still obstacles with the following indications: 1) potential Access, that is the road has been paved but is still narrow for four-wheeled vehicles or buses to pass, parking lots and roads exit still needs improvement. 2) The communication aspect includes Muslim-friendly information services through posters and stakeholder training by the district government of Tanah Datar regency, however, is still not geared towards Muslim-friendly tourism and no digital marketing has been carried out. 3) Environmental aspects have supported Muslim tourists but Wi-Fi service is not yet available. 4) There are services and facilities for Muslim tourists but there is no halal food certification, Ramadan services and the need to improve environmental hygiene. Benefits/Contributions: This research is expected to add to knowledge, especially in the analysis of Muslim-friendly tourism potential in a tourist destination. Contribution: This research can contribute to knowledge, particularly with regard to examining the potential for Muslim-friendly tourism in a tourist destination.
Graph-based Simultaneous Localization and Bias Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a factor graph formulation and particle-based sum-product algorithm for robust localization and tracking in multipath-prone environments. The proposed sequential algorithm jointly estimates the mobile agent's position together with a time-varying number of multipath components (MPCs). The MPCs are represented by "delay biases" corresponding to the offset between line-of-sight (LOS) component delay and the respective delays of all detectable MPCs. The delay biases of the MPCs capture the geometric features of the propagation environment with respect to the mobile agent. Therefore, they can provide position-related information contained in the MPCs without explicitly building a map of the environment. We demonstrate that the position-related information enables the algorithm to provide high-accuracy position estimates even in fully obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) situations. Using simulated and real measurements in different scenarios we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art multipath-aided tracking algorithms and show that the performance of our algorithm constantly attains the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (P-CRLB). Furthermore, we demonstrate the implicit capability of the proposed method to identify unreliable measurements and, thus, to mitigate lost tracks.