jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surveying the Attitudes of Parents whose Child has been Diagnosed with a Cerebellar Disorder when Choosing an Educational Setting

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To date no previous research has focused specifically on this disorder in relation to choosing an educational setting, however previous research O’Connell(2010) ,Connor (1997) and Kenny et al. (2005) looked, in general at which factors affected the decision making process. \nA correlational design, using a survey methodology was chosen to ascertain which factors are key when choosing a setting. Data were collected, via an online questionnaire from 42 parents of children with Cerebellar Disorders (M=3, F=39), recruited using purposive sampling of an online support group. \n1.Results showed a non-significant difference between the scores (M = 37.96, SD = 6.81 t(41) = -1.00 p>.50, indicating parents had a preference for neither a mainstream nor specialized setting. \n2.Parents believed a statement of additional needs to be the most critical factor (M = 4.21,SD = .75 ). \n3.Parents believed the disorder having both physical and learning difficulties to have the largest impact (M = 3.95, SD = .91). \n4.Parents believed the greatest barrier to be the impact of professional tests/ assessments(M = 3.98, SD = 1.00) and the greatest support to be from family (M = 4.17, SD = .7) \nResults in part, support the limited previous research in this area.
Theoretical approch of the photofield emission of a degenerate semiconductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a high external electric field, a strong band bending confines the electron to a surface region. In the range of field (1-10 GV/m) most of the electrons close to the surface remain at the ground level E,,. The emitted current is numerically computed. the results show that the curreqt saturation arises at higher fields. Matrix element that describes the photoexcitation of electrons is presented and photocurrent is calculated.
Parasitic weeds and their impact in South-West Asia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis Three groups of SW Asiatic parasitic weeds are reviewed: the root parasites Striga (Scrophulariaceae), Cistanche and Orobanche (Orobanchaceae); and the stem parasites Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae). Striga hermonthka and S. asiatica are serious pests on sorghum, millet, and maize in parts of N and S Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Striga densiflora has apparently been introduced from India to Oman where it parasitises sugar-cane and sorghum. Species of Orobanche are widespread throughout almost all the region and cause serious losses in tomatoes, tobacco, broadbeans, melons and other crops. Cistanche phelypaea has recently been shown capable of attacking sugar beet. Species of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), widespread in SW Asia, mainly affect legume crops, especially lucerne. Considerable taxonomic research is still needed in Orobanche , Cistanche , and Cuscuta .
Discovery of a New Solvent Co-Catalyzed Mechanism in Heterogeneous Catalysis: A First-Principles Study with Molecular Dynamics on Acetaldehyde Hydrogenation on Birnessite

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Heterogenous hydrogenation reactions are essential in a wide range of chemical industries. In this work, we find that the hydrogenation of acetaldehyde on birnessite cannot occur through the traditional mechanisms due to the strong adsorption of the aldehyde and hydrogen on the surface, using first-principles calculations. We discover that this reaction can occur feasibly via a solvent-cocatalyzed mechanism with molecular hydrogen in the liquid phase: a methanol solvent or a similar solvent is required for the reaction. Free energy calculations shows that the methanol solvent preferentially fills the oxygen vacancies of the catalyst surface and spontaneously dissociates on the surface, in which the resulting hydroxyl group then acts as the coordination site for the carbonyl bond and allows the reaction to proceed without adsorption of the reactants on the surface. The reasons this new mechanism is more favorable over the traditional mechanisms in the literature are scrutinized and discussed. The new mechanism may be followed in many other systems.
A Numerical Study of Forced Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Fluid in a Horizontal Circular-Pipe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Analytical and computational studies were performed to compare the convective heat transfer characteristics of a supercritical fluid in a circular pipe for horizontal flow configuration. The motivation of this study was to explore the efficacy of heat exchangers involving forced convective heat transfer of supercritical fluids (tube side) integrated with air cooling (i.e., in free convection). The goal of this study was to determine the forced convective heat transfer characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) in air-cooled tube heat-exchangers. The scope of this study was limited to the values of Reynolds number (Re) varying from 10∼104 (i.e., involving both laminar and turbulent flow correlations for analytical formulations and computational models). The predictions for the forced convection heat transfer characteristics (e.g., heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, volume flow rate, mass flow rate, pump penalty/ pumping power/ required compressor ratings, Nusselt number (Nu) etc.) were obtained using analytical formulations and compared with that of computational models. The flow configurations involved a horizontal circular pipe of 1 m length and with different diameters (ranging from 1 mm – 10 mm). The supercritical properties of the working fluid were investigated at a fixed value of reduced pressure (Pr = 1.1) and a fixed range of temperatures, i.e., T, varying from 550 to 750 [K]. The fluid properties were gleaned from the NIST property database (available online at the NIST website). For the second part of this study, the forced convective heat transfer characteristics of sCO2 flowing in a horizontal tube with circular cross-section were studied using analytical correlations (e.g., Dittus-Boelter and Gnielinski correlation) and validated using commercial tools for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)/ Computational Heat Transfer (CHT), i.e., using Fluent® (Ansys®). Validation of the analytical predictions using CFD/ CHT tools was performed to ascertain the level of uncertainty in the predicted results due to acute variation of the thermo-physical properties as a function of temperature and pressure (since the thermo-physical properties are expected to oscillate widely in the vicinity of the critical point). In the simulations, the inlet temperature for the supercritical fluid (sCO2) was fixed (at Tin = 700 [K]), and the ambient temperature was also fixed (at Tamb = 300 [K]), for the purpose of determining the values of the natural convection coefficients (external to the tube). Constant values of the thermo-physical properties of sCO2 at the mean film temperature (and corresponding to the inlet pressure values) were assumed for obtaining the analytical predictions. The results from the CFD / CHT simulations helped to quantify the level of uncertainties in the assumption of constant properties (in the analytical model) at different values of Reynolds number (i.e., for both laminar and turbulent flow regimes).
SH1898616.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Investigating the effect of toothed edges and large openings on the seismic behavior of confined masonry walls

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Confined masonry structures are commonly seen in seismically active regions in developing countries, due to their satisfactory performances in past earthquakes, cost effectiveness and ease of construction. However, confined masonry construction is a less researched field compared to other techniques which are more commonly used in urban areas, such as reinforced concrete construction. As a result, relevant codes are less extensive, and best-practices that builders rely on can be ambiguous or contradictory. This experimental study is conducted in response to a research request from Smart Shelter Foundation (SSF), an NGO building earthquake-proof structures in Nepal, to find out more about the effectiveness of the methods they have adopted. In this experiment, 3 confined masonry specimens were constructed based on SSF’s designs, to investigate the effectiveness of toothed wall-to-column connections, as well as the effects of a large opening in the masonry panel. Each specimen was subjected to displacement controlled in-plane cyclic loading for 2 cycles per drift at 1.0% increments, until a 20% drop in maximum strength was attained. Experimental work showed that toothed wall-to-column connections did not provide significant improvement to the in-plane seismic response of the wall panel, and provision of a lintel band above an opening in the upper-middle section of the panel may alleviate the detrimental effect of the opening on wall response. Specimens first showed signs of flexural cracks on the reinforced concrete frame, followed by development of multiple diagonal cracks on the wall panel, which contributed greatly to energy dissipation. For all specimens, cracks were well-distributed over the masonry panels.
Colloidal Agglomerates in Tank Sludge: Impact on Waste Processing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Disposal of millions of gallons of existing radioactive wastes in underground storage tanks is a major remediation activity for the United States Department of Energy. These wastes include a substantial volume of insoluble sludges consisting of submicron colloidal particles. Processing these sludges under the proposed processing conditions presents unique challenges in retrieval, transport, separation, and solidification of these waste streams. Depending on processing conditions, these colloidal particles can form agglomerated networks having high viscosities that could clog transfer lines or produce high volumes of low-density sediments that interfere with solid-liquid separations. Under different conditions, these particles can be dispersed to form very fine suspended particles that do not settle. Given the wide range of waste chemistries present at Department of Energy sites, it is impractical to measure the properties of all treatment procedures. The underlying principle s of colloid chemistry and physics were studied to provide data that would make it possible to predict and eventually control the physical properties of sludge suspensions and sediment layers in tank wastes and other waste processing streams.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with hypogonadism using complex dental therapy

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The authors conducted a dental examination of 77 patients treated in an Endocrinology Clinic for Hypogonadism. All patients were diagnosed with sialadenosis, decreased salivation rate, increased saliva viscosity, and acidity level. We supplemented hormone replacement therapy for hypogonadism with comprehensive dental treatment, which significantly improved the treatment parameters.
A dynamic multicast routing satisfying multiple QoS constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we propose a QoS‐based routing algorithm for dynamic multicasting. The complexity of the problem can be reduced to a simple shortest path problem by applying a Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) service discipline. Using a modified Bellman–Ford algorithm, the proposed routing builds a multicast tree, where a node is added to the existing multicast tree without re‐routing and satisfying QoS constraints. With user defined life‐time of connection this heuristic algorthm builds multicast tree which is near optimum over the whole duration of session. Simulation results show that tree costs are nearly as good as other dynamic multicast routings that does not consider QoS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Тrends and prospects of meat market development in Ukraine

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the article is to analyse the main performance indicators of the functioning and development of the meat market and to assess the prospects for its development, from the standpoint of providing it with raw meat. The research uses the following methods: analysis and synthesis, analytical generalizations, graphic - in the analysis of the meat market; balance - in determining the market equilibrium of supply and demand, their changes and interactions, statistical, extrapolation, design, mathematical modelling, decomposition of the time series - in forecasting the development of the meat market. The main trends and features of the functioning and development of the meat market are determined, based on the analysis of component indicators, a slight but still increase in the total supply of meat and meat products, by increasing its own meat production by 5.2% which ensured an increase in domestic demand. Based on the current balance of supply and demand of meat and meat products in Ukraine as indicators of market efficiency, the level of consumer security of meat consumption in Ukraine is determined, and it is established that the level of income is the basic condition for consumption growth. In the framework of this study using the method of exponential smoothing with a damped trend, the calculation of forecast indicators of the balance of supply and demand of meat and meat products in Ukraine. Methodological approaches to forecasting the meat market have been further developed. The results of the study can be used by experts to assess the level of development of the meat market, government officials in choosing areas of regional and public policy, researchers to expand the scope of research.
A Meta-Analysis of Relations Between Achievement and Self-Concept

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

According to the internal/external frame of reference model, academic achievement has a strong impact on people’s self-concept, both within and between subjects. We conducted a series of meta-analyses of k = 505 data sets containing the six bivariate correlations between achievement and self-concept in two subjects. Negative paths from achievement to noncorresponding self-concept, indicating dimensional comparison effects, were strongest when the subjects were dissimilar with regard to the math-verbal continuum, reduced but still significantly negative when both subjects belonged to the verbal domain, and near-zero when both subjects belonged to the math/science domain. Additionally, we found stronger positive paths from achievements to corresponding self-concepts, indicating social comparison effects, and stronger dimensional comparison effects for grades than for standardized test scores, and for older rather than younger students. We extend dimensional comparison theory by discussing these results with particular regard to the nonexistence of assimilation effects, the effects of subject similarity on dimensional comparison effects, and other moderators of dimensional comparison effects.
Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on proliferation of human lens epithelial cells in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) on proliferation of human lens epithelial cells(LECs) in vitro.Methods Immortalized human lens epithelial B-3(HLEB-3)were cultured and passaged in this experiment.IGF-1 was added into the medium to obtain the terminal concentration at 5,10,20,30,40,50,60 μg·L-1 respectively.And HLEB-3 was exposed to different concentrations for different time points.Proliferation of HLEB-3 was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay.The expression of α-actin in LECs was examined with Western blotting mothods.Results IGF-1 induced proliferation of HLEB-3 in 5 μg·L-1(P0.05),and proliferation of HLEB-3 was concentration-dependent.HLEB-3 treated by IGF-1 showed an increase in α-actin expression at protein levels.Proliferation of HLEB-3 line and the expression of α-actin protein in HLEB-3 was considerably increased with IGF-1 in experimental group compared with control group(P0.01),and the expression of α-actin protein increased with the IGF-1 concentration increasing.Conclusion IGF-1 can enhance proliferation of human LECs in vitro and play its role at concentration-dependent manner.
New Perspectives in Landslide Displacement Detection Using Sentinel-1 Datasets

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Space-borne radar interferometry is a fundamental tool to detect and measure a variety of ground surface deformations, either human induced or originated by natural processes. Latest development of radar remote sensing imaging techniques and the increasing number of space missions, specifically designed for interferometry analyses, led to the development of new and more effective approaches, commonly referred to as Advanced DInSAR (A-DInSAR) or Time Series Radar Interferometry (TS-InSAR). Nevertheless, even if these methods were proved to be suitable for the study of a large majority of ground surface dynamic phenomena, their application to landslides detection is still problematic. One of the main limiting factors is related to the rate of displacement of the unstable slopes: landslides evolving too fast decorrelate the radar signal making the interferometric phase useless. This is the reason why A-DInSAR techniques have been successfully applied exclusively to measure very slow landslides (few centimetres per year). This study demonstrates how the C-band data collected since 2014 by the Sentinel-1 (S1) mission and properly designed interferometric approaches can pull down this restriction allowing to measure rate of displacements ten times higher than previously done, thus providing new perspectives in landslides detection. The analysis was carried out on a test site located in the Cortina d’Ampezzo valley (Eastern Italian Alps), which is affected by several earth flows characterized by different size and kinematics.
Self-assembly of the first heterodinuclear d–f triple helix in solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The segmental bidentate–tridentate ligand L2 reacts with LnIII and ZnII in acetonitrile to give the first self-assembled heterodinuclear d–f triple-helical complexes [LnZn(L2)3]5+(Ln = La, Eu), as determined from solution-phase studies.
Emotion Talk and Friend Responses Among Early Adolescent Same‐sex Friend Dyads

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract To better understand early adolescent emotion talk within close same‐sex friendships, this observational study examined emotion talk, as measured by emotion term use, in relation to friend supportive and dismissive responses to such terms among 116 adolescents (58 friend dyads) in G rades 7–8 (56.9% female, M = 13.08, SD = .61). Partial intra‐class correlation coefficients derived by using actor partner interdependence models revealed similarities in the frequency of dyad mates use of positive and negative emotions terms. Chi‐square analyses indicated that when friends responded to participants' emotion talk supportively, rather than dismissively, participants were more likely to disclose emotions in subsequent utterances. Research and clinical implications for early adolescent emotional development are discussed.
Mental Arithmetic, Neuropsychological Techniques and Kinesiology as Basic Methods in the Development of Cognitive Processes in Preschoolers and Primary Schoolchildren

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article considers the features of the application of the program, which was developed for children of preschool and primary school age with learning difficulties and developmental disabilities. The program is based on neuropsychological and kinesiological approaches, as well as mnemonics. The purpose of the program is to develop memory, attention, as well as increase motivation for learning and self-confidence among normotypical children. Preliminary experience has shown that for children with disabilities the “Mental arithmetic” technology is only partially applicable, since, on the one hand, the results of the correction of mental processes and motivation are not fixed for a long period of time, and, on the other hand, children with disabilities do not withstand the rhythm of a 60-minute lesson, quickly get tired and refuse to do it. In this regard, it was decided to identify technologies that allow children, without experiencing stress and fatigue, to replenish their physical strength — while intensively engaging in intellectual exercises and developing independence. The article describes the practical development of areas and approaches in which the above technologies are used and give stable and sustainable results.
Purity and Polemics: Zoroastrian Women’s Bodies as Sites of Difference and Contestation in Early Islamic Iran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Zoroastrian menstrual purity laws served as one of the most salient markers of socio-religious distinction during the tumultuous early centuries of Islamic rule in the Iranian world. This article surveys Islamic polemics – particularly by the Muʿtazilah—directed against these Zoroastrian strictures on bodily purity and reads them intertextually, as it were, in conjunction with Pahlavi apologetic texts that defend the sanctity of these millennia-old practices. It is argued that the Zoroastrian scholar-priests were responding directly to the charges levelled against them by their Muslim counterparts, clearly suggesting that both theology and jurisprudence were produced through inter-confessional debate and dialogue, much as we find in the better-studied cases of Christian-Islamic interactions.