jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fungistatic Compounds in Broiler Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Feed samples were examined from five broiler experiments using either sorbic acid, gentian violet, or calcium propionate as fungistatic compounds. Feed samples were taken from storage and from the feed troughs of each pen at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of broiler age. Samples from the same diet and sampling location were composed and mixed. Serial dilutions of these mixed samples were made and plated for aerobic, anaerobic, and mold and yeast counts. The initial feed microflora counts varied greatly with their ingredient sources. In general, the log anaerobic counts were slightly lower than those of the aerobic counts with a difference of less than one log cycle. The addition of the fungistatic compounds had no consistent effect on the aerobic, anaerobic, and mold and yeast counts. After two and four weeks of feeding, a steady increase in total aerobic and anaerobic counts was observed for feed samples obtained from feeder troughs; however, there was no increase in mold and yeast counts. Increasing the moisture content of the feed to approximately 15% had no effect on the microflora counts. No visible mold growth or caking problems were detected for any feeds after four weeks of storage. In one experiment, sorbic acid consistently reduced the coliforms and the lactobacillus counts for feeds sampled from feed troughs.
Thrombus regression in deep venous thrombosis. Quantification of spontaneous thrombolysis with duplex scanning.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Thrombus regression in heparin-treated, acute deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity is poorly documented in the literature; different rates of thrombus resolution and recanalization are reported. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective follow-up study, duplex scanning was used to evaluate the thrombus regression in patients with documented acute femoropopliteal thrombosis. Eighty vein segments in 20 legs of 18 patients were subjected to repeat duplex scans at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 26 weeks after diagnosis; 49 segments showed thrombus at diagnosis. The popliteal vein showed the highest thrombus load at diagnosis, followed in descending order by the superficial femoral, profunda femoris, and common femoral vein segments (p less than 0.001). Thrombus regression was significant (p less than 0.001) in all segments and proceeded at an exponential rate that was equal in the different vein segments of the upper leg. Both thrombus resolution and recanalization appeared to be a function of the initial thrombus load and could not be related to individual vein segments. Recanalization was seen in 23 of 31 initially occluded segments and occurred within the first 6 weeks after diagnosis in 20 of 23 segments. Extension of thrombus despite anticoagulant therapy was observed in 15 vein segments and was not related to the initial thrombosis score (p = 0.1) or individual vein segments (p = 0.23). Thrombus extension in seven patients with prethrombotic conditions was not different (p = 0.9) from the other patients. CONCLUSIONS Duplex scanning is an important noninvasive tool to quantify thrombus regression in acute deep venous thrombosis in detail without unnecessary discomfort to the patient.
Environmental and anthropogenic drivers of soil methane fluxes in forests: Global patterns and among‐biomes differences

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Forest soils are the most important terrestrial sink of atmospheric methane (CH 4 ). Climatic, soil and anthropogenic drivers affect CH 4 fluxes, but it is poorly known the relative weight of each driver and whether all drivers have similar effects across forest biomes. We compiled a database of 478 in situ estimations of CH 4 fluxes in forest soils from 191 peer‐reviewed studies. All forest biomes (boreal, temperate, tropical and subtropical) but savannahs act on average as CH 4 sinks, which presented positive fluxes in 65% of the sites. Mixed effects models showed that combined climatic and edaphic variables had the best support, but anthropogenic factors did not have a significant effect on CH 4 fluxes at global scale. This model explained only 19% of the variance in soil CH 4 flux which decreased with declines in precipitation and increases in temperature, and with increases in soil organic carbon, bulk density and soil acidification. The effects of these drivers were inconsistent across biomes, increasing the model explanation of observed variance to 34% when the drivers have a different slope for each biome. Despite this limited explanatory value which could be related to the use of soil variables calculated at coarse scale (~1 km), our study shows that soil CH 4 fluxes in forests are determined by different environmental variables in different biomes. The most sensitive system to all studied drivers were the temperate forests, while boreal forests were insensitive to climatic variables, but highly sensitive to edaphic factors. Subtropical forests and savannahs responded similarly to climatic variables, but differed in their response to soil factors. Our results suggest that the increase in temperature predicted in the framework of climate change would promote CH 4 emission (or reduce CH 4 sink) in subtropical and savannah forests, have no influence in boreal and temperate forests and promote uptake in tropical forests.
The Effect Of E-Marketing Mix On Purchase Decisions By Milenials Consumers Through Interest In Muslimah Fashion Products On Indonesian E-Commerce Platforms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many teenagers in today's modern era think that conventional shopping has become a traditional buying and selling process that takes a lot of time and effort. So many millennial teenagers think shopping media applications can be a new facility for shopping. Therefore, it is necessary to know whether there is an effect of the e-marketing mix on purchasing decisions by millennial consumers through interest in Muslim fashion products on the Indonesian e-commerce platform. Collecting data in this study using quantitative methods. The results of the study show that e-marketing has a very large influence on millennial shopping decisions. With so many media showing advertisements about new items, teenagers are increasingly tempted to have them in order to fulfill their appearance. So it can be concluded that e-marketing has an influence on purchasing decisions by millennial consumers for Muslim fashion.
THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF CRIMINAL LAW IN THE LEGAL SCIENCES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Criminal law is one of the most important branches of the legal system. Its role and importance are unquestionable, in the context in which the purpose of criminal law is to defend society and its members. Criminal law, also known as the "guard dog of society", is regarded as a "ultima ratio", when the other branches of law prove to be powerless in defense of the most important social values. Criminal law has a millennial existence, being the pure proof of people's willingness to defend themselves even against the facts of their fellow men. Thus, criminal law is not a novelty of the contemporary world, a discovery of modernity, but it is as old as people's feelings of security and self-preservation. It has evolved beautifully, sinuously and has always expressed the relationship of man with the value system. Certainly, a rapid emancipation of the current legal and criminal rules and regulations will be witnessed in the future, out of humanity's simple desire to live safely, peacefully and in harmony.
Distributed space-time block coding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new class of distributed space-time block codes (DSTBCs) is introduced. These DSTBCs are designed for wireless networks which have a large set of single-antenna relay nodes Nscr, but at any given time only a small, a priori unknown subset of nodes SsubeNscr can be active. In the proposed scheme, the signal transmitted by an active relay node is the product of an information-carrying code matrix and a unique node signature vector of length N c . It is shown that existing STBCs designed for N c 2 co-located antennas are favorable choices for the code matrix, guaranteeing a diversity order of d=min{N S ,N c } if N S nodes are active. For the most interesting case, N S gesN c , the performance loss entailed by the distributed implementation is analytically characterized. Furthermore, efficient methods for the optimization of the set of signature vectors are provided. Depending on the chosen design, the proposed DSTBCs allow for low-complexity coherent, differential, and noncoherent detection, respectively. Possible applications include ad hoc and sensor networks employing decode-and-forward relaying
Grid Frequency Stability Support Potential of Data Center: A Quantitative Assessment of Flexibility

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The rapid expansion of data center infrastructure is reshaping power system dynamics by significantly increasing electricity demand while also offering potential for fast and controllable flexibility. To ensure reliable operation under such conditions, the frequency secured unit commitment problem must be solved with enhanced modeling of demand side frequency response. In this work, we propose a data-driven linearization framework based on decision tree based constraint learning to embed nonlinear nadir frequency constraints into mixed-integer linear programming. This approach enables tractable optimization of generation schedules and fast frequency response from data centers. Through case studies on both a benchmark system and a 2030 future scenario with higher DC penetration, we demonstrate that increasing the proportion of flexible DC load consistently improves system cost efficiency and supports renewable integration. However, this benefit exhibits diminishing marginal returns, motivating the introduction of the Marginal Flexibility Value metric to quantify the economic value of additional flexibility. The results highlight that as DCs become a larger share of system load, their active participation in frequency response will be increasingly indispensable for maintaining both economic and secure system operations.
Inhaled pirfenidone is associated with better quality of life scores in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: AP01 is a novel formulation of inhaled pirfenidone with potentially improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to oral pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). The serial change in Quantitative Lung Fibrosis (ΔQLF) on thoracic High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) correlates with changes in FVC. Correlation of longitudinal changes in quality of life (QOL) and ΔQLF is less established. Objective: AP01-002 was a Phase 1b trial comparing the safety and tolerability of AP01 50mg once daily (od) and 100mg twice daily (bd) in IPF. Methods: 91 patients were randomized to receive AP01 50 mg od or 100 mg bd. HRCTs were performed at baseline and 24 weeks. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and QOL measures, such as the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (KBILD) questionnaire, were collected. QLF improvement was defined as a > 2% reduction in QLF score from baseline to 24 weeks. KBILD Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is 5 points. Results: 69 patients underwent baseline and week 24 HRCT scans with appropriate image quality for analysis. The mean slope FVC decline at 48 weeks was 187 ml with 50mg od (n=38) and 57 ml with 100mg bd (n=31) AP01. Similar proportions on both regimes had a reduction in QLF (16% on 50mg od; 16% on 100mg bd) and QLF stabilization (47% 50 mg od; 55% 100mg bd). ΔQLF and change in FVC showed stronger correlation in 100mg bd. Subjects with improved QLF had higher average KBILD total scores from baseline. This was apparent from week 8 (8 points) and sustained until week 48 (>20 points) in 100 mg bd. Conclusion: This study shows a strong and lasting association between HRCT response and KBILD, a validated and meaningful study endpoint.
A comparative study between intermittent microwave and infrared drying of bioproducts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A systematic experimental study of both intermittent microwave (MW) and infrared (IR) drying was used to compare the efficacy of the two methods when batch drying two bioproducts, namely potato and carrot. The controllable parameters examined in this study were MW power and IR intensity level, MW and IR intermittencies and the transition period from convective to MW drying. A comparison of the drying kinetics showed intermittent MW drying to be an effective method for shortening the drying time that was required to reach a certain moisture content when it was compared with intermittent IR drying and convective-MW drying. A comparison of the colour degradation of the product showed that step variation of the IR intensity during intermittent drying reduced the colour change of the product less than constant radiative intermittent IR drying.
Moral Universality in J.S. Mill’s Utilitarianism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article sets a goal to clarify the problem of moral universalism in J.S. Mill's philosophy as an important element of his methodology in ethics. The starting point of the study is Mill's requirement: in order to do the right thing, we need to take into account the traditions, values, and moral norms, i.e., universal prescriptive judgments developed in society. The article analyzes Mill's method of finding maximum utility and achieving general happiness. It is shown that, in this method, universality is the property of moral rules and values to be universally addressed, and this property is based on our common experience as a species. The reverse side of this genesis is the impossibility of absoluteness of these norms and values, due to incompleteness of species experience, which always has specific historical character. Therefore, such rules are subject to change and, while they remain standard in man's activity, we also have to take them critically. Effective inclusion of moral norms in our search for maximum utility is indirectly confirmed by (a) the example of methodological difficulties in discourse ethics, similar to utilitarianism in the way it seeks rational explication of moral acts, (b) the history of economics as a discipline largely formed under the influence of utilitarianism. In both cases, researchers come to the conclusion that it is necessary to take into account supra-individual experience in decision-making and its influence on the individual. Since species experience is multilevel communication, we can note similarities between the methodology of Mill's utilitarianism and communicative ethics. It is concluded that the problem of moral universality in Mill's ethical methodology is revealed as a problem of maximizing communication as the basis of maximizing utility.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 302 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Oenothera flaemingina", "Country is Poland", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 302 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011334-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Polymerization of coordinated monomers. XVIII. Sequence distribution in methyl acrylate–styrene copolymers prepared in the presence of zinc chloride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Methyl acrylate and styrene have been copolymerized in the presence of zinc chloride either by photoinitiation or spontaneously. The copolymerization mechanism is investigated by analyses of copolymers composition and monomer sequence distribution. The resulting copolymers are not always alternating, their composition being dependent especially on the monomer feed ratio. Appreciable deviation to higher methyl acrylate unit content from an equimolar composition occurs at monomer feed fractions of methyl acrylate over 0.7. The larger deviation is induced by higher temperature, by photoirradiation, and by greater dilution of the reaction mixture with toluene. The 13 C‐NMR spectrum of the alternating copolymer shows a sharp singlet at the carbonyl region, whereas the spectra of random copolymers prepared by benzoyl peroxide initiation at 60°C show a triplet splitting at the carbonyl carbon region, irrespective of copolymer composition. The relative intensities of the triplet peaks for the random copolymers are in good correspondence to the contents of triad sequences calculated by means of conventional radical copolymerization theory. These results clearly indicate that the carbonyl splitting is caused predominantly by variation of the monomer sequence and not by variation of the stereosequence. The monomer sequence distribution in the copolymers is thus directly and quantitatively measured from the split carbonyl resonance. Although the same triplet splitting appears in the spectra of methyl acrylate–rich copolymers prepared in the presence of zinc chloride at high feed ratios (>0.7) of methyl acrylate, the relative intensities of the split peaks do not fit the sequence distributions of random copolymers calculated by means of the Lewis–Mayo equation. The copolymerization yielding these peculiar sequences and the alternating sequence in the presence of zinc chloride is fully comprehended by a copolymerization mechanism proceeding between two active coordinated monomers, i.e., the ternary molecular complex composed of zinc chloride, methyl methacrylate, and styrene, and the binary molecular complex composed of zinc chloride and methyl methacrylate.
ONCOSCINTIGRAPY OF NEUROENDOCRINE AND NONNEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS WITH A NOVEL SSR BINDING PEPTIDE-TECHNETIUM TC-99M P829-PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE IN 39 PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Handmaker, H.; Mohler, K. T.; Dann, R. W.; Lister-James, J.; Baran, Y. M. Author Information
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Frontalis Sling Surgery in Patients with Severe Blepharoptosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Several factors play a role in the outcome of severe blepharoptosis correction by frontalis sling surgery, including the age of a patient, sex, causes of ptosis, and its severity, among others. Identifying the factors that most severely affect surgical outcomes could reduce the complication rate and improve patients’ satisfaction. Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study using logistic regression statistics to evaluate the effects of the following 6 factors on frontalis sling surgical outcomes: age, sex, cause of ptosis, type of anesthesia used, eye side (right or left), degree of ptosis, and levator function. These factors were compared with 10 types of surgical outcomes. The study included 120 eyelids in 95 patients, of which 70 eyelids were unilateral and 50 eyelids were bilateral. Patient ages ranged between 2 and 75; patient sex distribution was 47.5% females and 52.5% males. Results: The study yielded 60 comparison tables. Only statistically significant and clinically relevant data are presented and discussed. Overall, male patients showed better eye symmetry ( P < 0.026) and better satisfaction ( P < 0.004) than did females. Causes other than the congenital ptosis are characterized by better eye closure during sleep ( P = 0), in comparison with congenital ptosis cases. Conclusion: The use of silk suture as a sling material is recommended for male patients, as its use produces better results, including eye symmetry and patient satisfaction, with a lower complication rate compared with that in female patients.
Processing of soybean meal into concentrates and testing for Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to show how the soybean meal is processed into the feed concentrate and how the GMO content is tested when the soybean meal is accepted in the feed concentrate factory. Design/methodology/approach: After acceptance of the soybean meal the analysis for the protein and moisture contend is made by the use of Inframatic. The average monthly sample is sent to an external laboratory for testing for GMO content. According to the regulations the GMO content must not exceed 0,9% and is determined by the PCR (polymeraze chain reaction) method. The soybean meal is processed into the feed concentrate by the use of hammer mill, feed mixer and pellet mill. Ten analyses for GMO content have been performed by establishing the influence of the origin on the GMO content; the average percentage of GMO in the soybean meal was 0.3%. Findings: In two cases the results of analyses of the soybean meal were negative, which means that the soybean meal did not contain any GMO; in eight cases the test was positive, but none of them exceeded the sill of 0.9%. Irrespective of the supplier or origin the average percentage of the GMO in soybean meal is approximately identical, i.e., 0.3%. Only the soybean meal, arriving from Brazil, has a smaller percentage of the GMO, i.e., 0.22%. It means that not the supplier, but only the origin has an influence on the percentage of the GMO in soybean meal. Research limitations/implications: The research has been performed on soybean meal, arriving from Brazil and Hungary, where ten analyses for GMO content have been performed. Practical implications: On the average, the soybean meal coming from Hungary contains more GMO, i.e., 0,3%, than the soybean meal coming from Brazil, which contains 0.22%. Originality/value: The research showed that most soybean meal were genetically modified, but in no case the limit prescribed by the regulations, i.e., 0.9%, was exceeded.
Highly Efficient, Organocatalytic Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

5-Fluoro-2-azaadamantane N-oxyl (5-F-AZADO) realizes a simple, organocatalytic aerobic alcohol oxidation system that has a wide scope under mild conditions at ambient pressure and temperature and is weakly acidic and halogen- and transition-metal-free. The oxoammonium nitrate (5-F-AZADO(+)NO(3)(-)) works as a bifunctional catalyst of 5-F-AZADO and NO(x) that enables the catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols by itself (a metal-salt-free system).