jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Adsorption of Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds on a Perchloro Covalent Triazine Framework through Multiple Intermolecular Interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have short‐ and long‐term adverse health effects. Especially, aromatic VOCs including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are important indoor air pollutants. Developing highly efficient porous adsorbents with broad applicability remains a major challenge. In this study, a perchlorinated covalent‐triazine framework (ClCTF‐1‐400) is prepared for adsorbing BTEX. ClCTF‐1‐400 is confirmed as a partially oxidized/chlorinated microporous covalent triazine framework through a variety of characterization. It is found that ClCTF‐1‐400 is reversible VOCs absorbent with very high absorption capacities, which can adsorb benzene (693 mg g −1 ), toluene (621 mg g −1 ), ethylbenzene (603 mg g −1 ), o ‐xylene (500 mg g −1 ), m ‐xylene (538 mg g −1 ), and p ‐xylene (592 mg g −1 ) at 25 °C and their saturated vapor pressure (≈ 1 kPa). ClCTF‐1‐400 is of higher adsorption capacities for all selected VOCs than activated carbon and other reported adsorbents. The adsorption mechanism is also inferred through theoretical calculation and in‐site Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The observed excellent BTEX adsorption performance is attributed to the multiple weak interactions between the ClCTF‐1‐400 frameworks and aromatic molecules through multiple weak interactions (CH … π and CCl … π ). The breakthrough experiment demonstrates ClCTF‐1‐400 has the potential for real VOCs pollutant removal in air.
Use of information technologies in lean management: the case of Gazi University Research Center in Turkey

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Sustainability and accessibility of education are the main purposes of educational institutions. Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been addressing these concerns through their distance education departments for years. Especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, HEIs encountered challenges related to productivity, escalating costs and decreasing user satisfaction with distance education. This study proposes the integration of new and suitable information technologies (ITs) into the steps of lean management (LM) implementation. It suggests that this approach will be highly effective and beneficial, providing solutions to the problems above in higher education (HE) field. The study aims to highlight the effectiveness and benefits of incorporating new and suitable ITs into the application stages of LM principles. Sample applications in HE will be provided to enhance understanding. Design/methodology/approach A model is introduced for researching new ITs and incorporating appropriate ones in the application steps of LM. This model has been applied and analyzed in two case studies at Gazi University for a more comprehensive understanding. Findings When examining periodic surveys and usage statistics from case studies, it becomes evident that implementing LM with the support of ITs reduces waste and enhances the quality of existing work. The success observed in the case studies was notably influenced by managers’ proficiency in business processes, experience in ITs, managerial skills and support from senior management. Practical implications This case study provides a roadmap and step-by-step implementation of LM with IT support for HEIs. The implementation process and results will also be guiding for other sectors. Originality/value There is a notable absence of significant studies on integrating ITs, which have become crucial in today’s context in the stages of LM implementation. This study is envisioned as a pioneering endeavor to address this gap in the literature. Notably, challenges exist in applying LM principles outside production sectors, and limited research has been conducted. This study aims to pave the way for further research in diverse fields by conducting a comprehensive case study in the realm of HE.
The Effect of Temporary Coronary Occlusion on the Myocardium during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting without Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has gained acceptance as an effective and feasible procedure. However, the potential ischemic injury to the myocardium resulting from temporary coronary occlusion during the operation remains of great concern. Methods: Twelve patients underwent elective CABG without CPB, including 6 off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and 6 minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedures. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was carried out, and a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter was introduced for hemodynamic monitoring. Release of cardiac troponin-I (CTnI) and the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) was measured before coronary occlusion, after completing the operation, and for the next 3 days. Changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the echocardiogram were evaluated. Results: No patient had laboratory or electrocardiographic evidence of a myocardial infarction during or after the operation. Hemodynamic stability was maintained, except for temporary reversible decreases in cardiac output and arterial blood pressure which developed during the cardiac manipulation. Postoperatively, the cardiac markers were mildly elevated with the highest levels of CK-MB of 51 IU/L and of CTnI of 1.36 μg/L. The LVEF was not adversely affected. Conclusions: CABG without CPB support can be well tolerated with no significant myocardial damage or LVEF compromise. Although increased CTnI and CK-MB concentrations were found, indicating minor myocardial injury, none of the measurements exceeded the threshold value considered to be a perioperative myocardial infarction in patients who received CPB and cardioplegia.
Control of metabolism and growth in embryonic turtles: a test of the urea hypothesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We performed two experiments to determine (1) whether the metabolism and growth of embryonic snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) incubating in wet and dry environments are correlated inversely with the concentration of urea inside their eggs, and (2) whether urea accumulating inside eggs might be the cause of reductions in metabolism and growth by embryos. Eggs in the first experiment were incubated in different hydric environments to induce different patterns of net water exchange between the eggs and their surroundings. Turtles hatching from eggs that were in positive water balance had larger carcasses, smaller residual yolks and lower concentrations of urea in their blood than animals emerging from eggs that were in negative water balance. Thus, we confirmed the existence of correlations among water exchange by eggs, concentrations of urea in fluid compartments inside eggs, and metabolism and growth of embryos. In the second experiment, eggs were injected with solutions of urea at the mid-point of incubation to induce different levels of uremia in developing embryos. The injection protocol induced variation in the concentration of urea in blood of hatchlings similar to that observed in the first experiment for turtles hatching in wet and dry environments. However, the injection protocol did not induce variation in size of hatchlings or in mass of their residual yolk. Thus, the reduction in metabolism and growth of chelonian embryos developing in dry environments does not result from an inhibition of intermediary metabolism caused by urea, and the ‘urea hypothesis’ for control of metabolism cannot be accepted in its present form.
Promoter Activity of the Proliferating-Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene Is Associated with Inducible CRE-Binding Proteins in Interleukin 2-Stimulated T Lymphocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene encodes an auxiliary factor of DNA polymerase delta and functions in DNA replication during S phase. It is expressed at much higher levels in proliferating cells than in quiescent cells. We have studied the regulatory role of the 5'-flanking sequence of the murine PCNA gene in interleukin 2 (IL-2)-responsive cloned T cells (L2). Analysis of a set of deletion constructs in transient transfection assays measuring heterologous reporter gene (luciferase) activity demonstrated that the 182-bp 5'-flanking region provides full promoter activity in IL-2-stimulated L2 cells. While many elements contribute to PCNA promoter strength in IL-2-stimulated cells, the largest decrease in activity occurred with deletion of the tandem CRE (cyclic AMP response element) binding sites located at nucleotides -37 to -52. With a gel mobility shift assay, several IL-2-inducible DNA-protein complexes were detected, including CREB (CRE-binding) and ATF1 (activating transcription factor) proteins that are specific for the PCNA-CRE sequence. Methylation interference analysis confirmed specific binding of these proteins to the CRE sites. Mutation at the PCNA-CRE motif abolishes IL-2-inducible binding and reduces substantially PCNA promoter activity. These results indicate that IL-2-stimulated PCNA transcription may be partially mediated by these CRE-binding proteins.
Mental Health Statistics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The shift toward greater use of general hospitals for the treatment of mental disorders reflects the tendency to admit patients with the most serious diagnoses to psychiatric hospitals. However, admissions to both types of institution now tend to involve more serious cases than in early 1980s. To some extent, the increase in the number of patient-days provided for mental disorders, despite declining separation rates, is attributable to the time required for the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia and affective psychoses. There is also growing emphasis on community care. Increasingly, mental disorders are treated on an outpatient basis without admission to hospital. The substantial annual fluctuations in the national number of separations-as many as 5,000 or 6,000 from one year to the next-may be due to the development of alternative facilities such as community health clinics. The opening of such a facility in one province could have noticeable impact on national figures on hospitalization for mental disorders.
[Treatment of femoral neck fractures using a total hip prosthesis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From October 1. 1977 to December 1. 1982 106 patients suffering from fractures of the femoral neck (n = 75) or necroses of the femoral head and nonunions of the neck fracture respectively (n = 33) underwent total hip replacement by TEP (type Müller-Charnley). The results obtained were much better in comparison to other methods of treatment: less complications, shortening of in-hospital stay (average 21.1 days) and satisfactory till good late results in 82.8%. The mortality rate came up to 13.9% (fractures: 20.0%, necrosis of the head and nonunion: 0.0%). Concerning complications we observed wound infections 0.9%, dislocations 1.9%, twice fractures of the thigh bone, twice loosening of the shaft of the prosthesis and once its fracture. The authors emphasize that in spite of the good results obtained for the time being total hip replacement for fractures of the femoral neck should be reserved to special wards.
A systems pharmacology approach to the adenosine A1 receptor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The majority of drugs are prescribed on the premise that their desired and undesired effects are well characterised. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects can be elusive and are of interest to the pharmaceutical industry in terms of rational drug design. G protein-coupled receptors are a significant class of drug target that are capable of influencing multiple signalling processes, and downstream effects, simultaneously through a variety of effectors, such as G proteins or –β-arrestins. The effector activated by a given receptor is often a function of the ligand. This is termed functional selectivity and can contribute to adverse drug effects. Understanding functional selectivity in a mammalian setting is hindered by cross-talk between many competing signalling components. The Sc. cerevisiae pheromone response can be modified to isolate individual mammalian receptor- G protein interactions. Therefore, this simple organism represents an excellent tool to study functional selectivity. Further, the simplicity of this organism allows this pathway to be mathematically modelled. By applying mathematical models to mammalian GPCR signalling in yeast it is possible to extract experimentally inaccessible quantitative parameters underlying functional selectivity. This interdisciplinary approach to pharmacological mechanisms is an example of systems pharmacology. Here a systems pharmacology approach is applied to adenosine receptor signalling in yeast with a view to understanding the contribution of the ligand, receptor and G protein to functional selectivity. \n \nThe first stage of this process was expression and characterisation of adenosine A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R subtypes in yeast. Here, the A1R and A2R subtypes were shown to be functional in yeast, but the A3R response was limited. The A1R signals through G proteins representing the inhibitory G αi family in yeast, while the A2AR and A2BR signal through both inhibitory and stimulatory G protein equivalents. Here ligand bias is quantified but further extended to describe adenosine receptor selectivity. Further, the yeast system was used to inform novel fluorescent compound development. Fluorescent ligand-binding rates would ultimately inform modelling studies. \n \nA minimal mathematical framework was developed to described A1R signalling in yeast. Ordinary differential equation models recreate dynamic cellular processes. Here an ODE model was applied to experimental time course data to predict rate constants throughout the yeast G protein cycle in the presence of the mammalian A1R. This model predicts that G protein subtype influences the ligand-receptor-G protein interactions of the A1R in yeast. Further modification of the system and fluorescent technologies may help validate these predictions. \n
An Architectural Survey of the “Mufti's House” in Qālūnyā/Motza

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This is a report of an architectural survey of the “Mufti's House” in Motza/Qālūnyā, Israel. The data is primarily drawn from Saidel and Erickson-Gini's 2019 survey; some information is also drawn from Mashiah's fieldwork in 2010. Historical images demonstrate that this compound was standing by 1906 and that it remained in use throughout the Mandate period. This compound was built using traditional Palestinian construction methods such as those described by Tawfiq Canaan. There is no obvious evidence for architectural modifications to this complex during the Mandate period. Historical records indicate that members of the Husseini family, including the Mufti, occupied this building throughout the Late Ottoman and British Mandate periods. This structure is an example of a summer or country house that was built by an elite Jerusalemite family.
Public Health Reviews Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathology, pathophysiology, and control and management of the inherited disorders of haemoglobin, thousands of infants and children with these diseases are dying through lack of appropriate medical care. This problem will undoubtedly increase over the next 20 years because, as the result of a reduction in childhood mortality due to infection and malnutrition, more babies with haemoglobin disorders will survive to present for treatment. Although WHO and various voluntary agencies have tried to disseminate information about these diseases, they are rarely mentioned as being sufficiently important to be included in setting health care priorities for the future. It takes considerable time to establish expertise in developing programmes for the control and management of these conditions, and the lessons learned in developed countries will need to be transmitted to those countries in which they occur at a high frequency.
The Mediating Impact of Organizational Innovation on the Relationship Between Fintech Innovations and Sustainability Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper explores the impact of digital payment systems, blockchain technology, and AI/machine learning on innovation and sustainability in financial organizations. As part of the analysis, the study has adopted an explanatory research design and has used SmartPLS in order to analyze the data collected from 230 professionals of different fields through a structured questionnaire. The results show positive effects of digital payment systems and blockchain technology on organizations’ innovations with the impact of digital payments being the most pronounced. Empirical results suggest that these technologies are important to improve sustainability performance, depending on measures of internal consistency and discriminant validity among the proposed constructs. Al, also machine learning, has the highest relevance with environmental sustainability, thereby underlining the importance and work of such measures. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study also explains the need for the organization to assimilate these innovations to enhance the organizational operations, customer satisfaction, and compliance with the laws. The study highlights fintech’s potential to address environmental issues and enhance societal goals, but geographical limitations may obstruct its transportability.
The ends of empathy: Constructing empathy from value-based choice

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Empathy, or the ability to understand and resonate with the experiences of others, has long been considered by philosophers and scientists to be an important part of human morality. We present a new framework that explains empathy as resulting from motivated decisions. Drawing on models of cybernetic control, value-based choice, and constructionism, we suggest that empathy shifts depending on how people value and prioritize conflicting goals. We generate novel predictions about the nature of empathy from the science of goal pursuit, and address its apparent limitations. Empathy appears less sensitive to suffering of large numbers and out-groups, leading some to suggest that empathy is an unreliable ethical guide. Whereas these arguments assume that empathy is a limited-capacity resource, we suggest that apparent limits of empathy reflect byproducts of domain-general goal pursuit. Arguments against empathy reflect a misguided essentialism: they mistake our own choices to avoid empathy for intrinsic features of empathy, treating empathy as a capricious emotion in conflict with reason. We suggest that empathy results from a rational decision, even if its rationality is bounded, as in many decisions in everyday life. Empathy may only be limited if we choose to avoid pursuing empathic goals.
Analysis of wiped film reactors using the orthogonal collocation technique

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transport equation for ARB polymerization in wiped film reactors have been written. These have been reduced to the moment generation equations and using a suitable moment closure approximation, the zeroth and the second moments of the polymer have been numerically solved using the finite difference as well as the orthogonal collocation techniques. In the numerical solution by the finite difference technique, it is necessary to divide the dimensionless film thickness into at least 250 grid points to obtain stable results. The use of nine collocation points by the orthogonal collocation technique gives results close to those by the finite difference method and leads to considerable computational saving. The transport equations for the bulk and the film are found to involve four dimensionless parameters, and their effect upon the polymer formed at the end of the reactor has been studied.
HN Peg B: A Test of Models of the L to T Dwarf Transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luhman and collaborators recently discovered an early-T dwarf companion to the G0 dwarf star HN Peg, using \nSpitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images. Companionship was established on the basis of the common proper \nmotion inferred from 1998 Two Micron All Sky Survey images and the 2004 IRAC images. In this paper we present \nnew near-infrared imaging data which confirm the common proper motion of the system.We also present new 3-4 μm \nspectroscopy of HN Peg B, which provides tighter constraints on both the bolometric luminosity determination and the comparison to synthetic spectra. New adaptive optics imaging data are also presented, which show the T dwarf to be unresolved, providing limits on the multiplicity of the object. We use the age, distance, and luminosity of the solar-metallicity T dwarf to determine its effective temperature and gravity, and compare synthetic spectra with these values, and a range of grain properties and vertical mixing, to the observed 0.8-4.0 μm spectra and mid-infrared photometry. We find that models with temperature and gravity appropriate for the older end of the age range of the system (0.5 Gyr) can do a reasonable job of fitting the data, but only if the photospheric condensate cloud deck is thin, and if \nthere is significant vertical mixing in the atmosphere. Dwarfs such as HN Peg B, with well-determined metallicity, \nradius, gravity, and temperature, will allow development of dynamical atmosphere models, leading to the solution of \nthe puzzle of the L to T dwarf transition.
Overexpression approaches to advance understanding of Candida albicans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for infections linked to high mortality. Loss‐of‐function approaches, taking advantage of gene knockouts or inducible down‐regulation, have been successfully used in this species in order to understand gene function. However, overexpression of a gene provides an alternative, powerful tool to elucidate gene function and identify novel phenotypes. Notably, overexpression can identify pathway components that might remain undetected using loss‐of‐function approaches. Several repressible or inducible promoters have been developed which allow to shut off or turn on the expression of a gene in C. albicans upon growth in the presence of a repressor or inducer. In this review, we summarize recent overexpression approaches used to study different aspects of C. albicans biology, including morphogenesis, biofilm formation, drug tolerance, and commensalism.
Analysis of symmetrical pulse width modulation strategies for matrix converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new and easy way to understand the derivation of the modulation functions for matrix converters. It is shown how the duty cycles can be calculated using techniques known from the back-to-back (B2B) voltage source inverter (VSI), thus making the subject accessible to people with prior knowledge in standard drives. A new modulation strategy is presented minimizing harmonic distortion compared to the standard double-sided space vector modulation for matrix converters. An improvement to an existing modulator is also presented where the proposed modification improves the harmonic performance. The strategies are compared both analytically and by the use of both simulations and measurements on a 12 kW matrix converter prototype. It is found that the proposed modulator has superior performance compared to modulators with equal switching frequencies and an equal number of switchings.