jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of international financial reporting standards on cost of capital

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses empirical research examining the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on cost of capital. Using a sample of 1.173 observations of publicly listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the fiscal year that ends on December 31, 2006 through 2013, this research finds evidence of positive relationship between IFRS implementation and cost of capital. This means that in post adoption period, the cost of capital increase. This result is inconsistent with investor’s expectation, in which IFRS implementation will reduce information asymmetry which in turn decreases cost of capital. When analysis is decomposed into per sector’s analysis, the results are inconsistent. For some sectors, IFRS adoption does not have impact on the cost of capital, whereas for the others IFRS adoption positively affect the cost of capital. This study provides further evidence on the economic consequence of IFRS implementation on cost of capital using data from emerging market with low-level coercion which is Indonesian Capital Market.
Computational Super-Sectioning for Single-Slice Structured-Illumination Microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) is inherently a three-dimensional (3-D) technique, many biological questions can be addressed from the acquisition of a single focal plane with high lateral resolution. Unfortunately, the single-slice reconstruction of thick samples suffers from defocusing. In this paper, however, we take advantage of a 3-D model of the acquisition system to derive a reconstruction method out of a single two-dimensional (2-D) SIM measurement. It enables the estimation of the out-of-focus signal and improves the quality of the reconstruction, without the need of acquiring additional slices. The proposed algorithm relies on a specific formulation of the optimization problem together with the derivation of computationally efficient proximal operators. These developments allow us to deploy an efficient inner-loop-free alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM), with guaranteed convergence.
8,9-Dihydrocannabidiol, an Alternative of Cannabidiol, Its Preparation, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Ability

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cannabidiol (CBD) from Cannabis sativa is used in cosmetics in North America due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties, but has been prohibited in many countries except recently; so, finding a non-intoxicating CBD alternative and elucidating the structure–function relationship of CBD analogues is becoming increasingly relevant. Herein, a set of CBD analogues including 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol (H2CBD) was synthesized, and their antibacterial, bactericidal, and antioxidant activity, as well as their structure–function relationship, were studied. The results present a catalytic selectivity near 100% towards H2CBD with a production yield of 85%. Each CBD analogue presented different antibacterial and antioxidant activity. It is revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl moiety is an essential group for CBD analogues to perform antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Among them, H2CBD presented much stronger antibacterial activity than the assayed popular antibiotics. H2CBD and Compound 4 presented very similar radical scavenging activity and inhibition on lipid oxidation to vitamin C, but better thermostability. Moreover, H2CBD presented lower toxicity to human skin fibroblasts at concentrations up to 64-fold higher than its MIC value (1.25 μg/mL) against S. aureus. Above all, in all property experiments, H2CBD presented extremely similar performance to CBD (p < 0.05), including similar time–kill kinetics curves. This research finds H2CBD to be an alternative for CBD with very high potential in the aspects of antibacterial, bactericidal, and antioxidant activity, as well as lower toxicity to human skin fibroblasts.
eLife Assessment: Dengue Viremia Kinetics and Effects on Platelet Count and Clinical Outcomes: An Analysis of 2340 Patients from Vietnam

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Viremia is a critical factor in understanding the pathogenesis of dengue infection, but limited data exist on viremia kinetics. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of viremia and its effects on subsequent platelet count, severe dengue, and plasma leakage.We pooled data from three studies conducted in Vietnam between 2000 and 2016, involving 2340 dengue patients with daily viremia measurements and platelet counts after symptom onset. Viremia kinetics were assessed using a random effects model that accounted for left-censored data. The effects of viremia on subsequent platelet count and clinical outcomes were examined using a landmark approach with a random effects model and logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations, respectively.Viremia levels rapidly decreased following symptom onset, with variations observed depending on the infecting serotype. DENV-1 exhibited the highest mean viremia levels during the first 5-6 days, while DENV-4 demonstrated the shortest clearance time. Higher viremia levels were associated with decreased subsequent platelet counts from day 6 onwards. Elevated viremia levels on each illness day increased the risk of developing severe dengue and plasma leakage. However, the effect size decreased with later illness days.This study provides comprehensive insights into viremia kinetics and its effect on subsequent platelet count and clinical outcomes in dengue patients. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring viremia levels during the early febrile phase for dengue studies and clinical practice.
P.016 A novel de novo GABRA1 mutation linked to epileptic encephalopathy: pathophysiology and potential therapeutic options

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a severe neurological disorder characterized by treatment-resistant seizures and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. EE is associated with mutant genes, including those that encode for γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor subunits. We identified a novel de novo GABRA1 mutation in a patient with EE, characterized its impact on GABA A receptor function, and sought potential therapeutic options. Methods: We described the clinical and electrophysiological features of a patient with a novel de novo GABRA1 (R214C) mutation; performed functional studies; and determined the effect of diazepam and insulin on wild type and mutant GABA A receptors. Results: The patient is a 10-year-old girl with EE, treatment-resistant seizures, intellectual disability and autism. Her GABRA1 (R214C) mutation dramatically decreased whole-cell GABA-evoked currents by reducing GABA A surface receptors, decreasing single channel open time, and altering channel kinetic properties. The combination of diazepam and insulin partially repaired these effects by enhancing channel activity and increasing the number of surface receptors, respectively. Conclusions: Diazepam and insulin partially mitigated a de novo GABRA1 (R214C) mutation’s effects on GABA A receptor number and function. Given the risks of insulin use, pharmacological agents with similar mechanisms of action but fewer side effects, such as IGF-1, should be studied and considered for clinical application.
PROBLEMS OF APPLYING PROGRAM-TARGET METHODS IN MANAGING EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE CHELYABINSK REGION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The scientific article presents the results of a study of current problems that arise in the process of applying program-targeted methods in managing the development of education in Russian regions (using the example of the Chelyabinsk region). The main tasks and goals that the educational authorities of the Chelyabinsk region face when implementing a program-targeted approach are considered. The factors and reasons that lead to the emergence of urgent problems in the application of program-targeted methods in managing the development of education in the Chelyabinsk region are identified. In conclusion, the article found that due to the problem of applying a program-targeted approach to managing the activities of government bodies of the Chelyabinsk region in the field of education, the effectiveness of implementing target interests and development priorities of educational organizations in the region at the present stage is reduced.
Protective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Annona Muricata Leaves on Hematological Profile, Histology and Oxidative Stress in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer starts when cells in the body start to grow out of control (malignant growth). Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or the rectum. Annona Muricata is a medicinal plant and is considered as a basis for health preservation and care worldwide. Colorectal cancer has reached epidemic proportions and is considered as a serious health problem, therefore treatment and cure of this disease is of great clinical importance. 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a potent carcinogen for colon cancer in rats. In this study, rats were randomly allocated into six groups: control, extract alone, DMH, extract and DMH together, extract before DMH, DMH before extract. DMH was injected subcutaneously at 25mg/1000g body weight once a week for 16 weeks, while the ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves (EEAML) were administered to rats orally at 120mg/1000g. After sacrifice, colon and liver sections were dissected out for histological and some biochemical analysis. Blood was also collected in EDTA bottles for hematological assays. The group injected with DMH (subcutaneously) and orally administered leaves extract of A. Muricata simultaneously showed similar results with the rats fed with normal feed, as there was absence of polyps in the rats’ colon when compared with those injected with DMH alone for 16 weeks. Malondialdehyde level of rats injected with DMH were significantly increased (p ˂ 0.05) compared to the control. Hematology indices and caspase 3 activity show the protective effects of EEAML against DMH.
Satisfying Outcomes Scores and Survivorship Achieved With Impaction Grafting for Revision THA in Young Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Background The increasing number of total hip arthro-plasties (THAs) performed in younger patients will inevitably generate larger numbers of revision procedures for this specific group of patients. Unfortunately, no satis-fying revisionmethodwith acceptable survivorship 10 years after revision has been described for these patients so far. Questions/purposes The purposes of this study were to (1) analyze the clinical outcome; (2) complication rate; (3) survivorship; and (4) radiographic outcome of cemented revision THA performed with impaction bone grafting (IBG) on both the acetabular and femoral sides in one surgery in patients younger than 55 years old. Methods During the period 1991 to 2007, 86 complete
Radioiodine Treatment for Benign Thyroid Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radioiodine (RAI) is becoming the preferred treating option for benign thyroid diseases. Hyperthyroidism is defined as hypermetabolic state caused by high levels of circulating thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. The most common hyperthyroidism causes are Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goitre, and solitary hyperfunctioning nodule, for which RAI can be preferred as a definitive treatment option. It is rapidly incorporated into the thyroid and with its beta emissions with a path length of 1–3 mm cause extensive local tissue damage and necrosis. The thyroid gland is effectively ablated over a period of 8–18 weeks and can no more produce normal amount of thyroid hormones. It is an individualized therapy that can either be a first-line therapy, or an alternative therapy to neck surgery or to use of antithyroidal drugs after 1 year. For the optimal efficiency, before the RAI treatment, the patients should be extensively assessed and they also should be given clear information about the treatment, as well as written instructions for precautions to avoid irradiation exposure to other people. Moreover, after RAI treatment patients should have their regular follow-up. This chapter summarizes all the points for a RAI treatment.
Robust image watermarking against geometrical attacks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DOI: 10.1049/cp:20061457 ISBN: 0 86341 644 6 Location: Hangzhou, China Conference date: 6-9 Nov. 2006 Format: PDF Robustness against geometric distortion is one of the crucial important issues in watermarking. In this paper, a new singular value decomposition-discrete cosine transform (SVD-DCT) composite image watermarking algorithm that is robust against affine transformation and ordinary image processing is presented. Applying the DCT to the cover image, we map the DCT coefficients in a zigzag order and padded zeroes to obtain four frequency bands. After inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT), watermark is embedded in low frequency image by singular value decomposition. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is able to withstand a variety of attacks including common geometric attacks. (3 pages) Inspec keywords: discrete cosine transforms; image coding; watermarking; affine transforms; singular value decomposition Subjects: Computer vision and image processing techniques; Integral transforms; Data security; Image and video coding; Integral transforms; Algebra; Algebra
Abstract P110: EBP50 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Skp2-Mediated Degradation of p21/cip1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The PDZ domain-containing scaffolding protein, Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) regulates vascular stenosis following endoluminal vessel injury. Its expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increases after wire injury, and neointima formation is significantly reduced in EBP50 knockout (KO) mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying EBP50 actions in VSMC are unknown. Genetic ablation of EBP50 reduced VSMC proliferation and was associated with increased (5-fold) expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21cip1 both in vessels and in primary cells. No differences in mRNA levels of p21cip1 were observed in WT and KO cells. However, the half-life of p21cip1 in KO VSMC was significantly longer than in WT VSMC (80 min vs. 45 min) and p21cip1 levels were similar in WT and KO VSMC treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. These observations suggest that EBP50 regulates post-translational degradation of p21cip1. The S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (skp2) is a component of the E3 ligase complex that degrades p21cip1. The C-terminal four amino acids of skp2 (ProSerCysLeu) are a canonical PDZ-binding sequence. Indeed, co-immunoprecipitation and in-gel overlay assays demonstrated the direct interaction between EBP50 and skp2. Mutation of the C-terminal Leu to Ala (L424A-skp2) abrogated the interaction with EBP50. Skp2 expression was significantly lower in KO than in WT cells and inhibition of EBP50 expression by an shRNA lentivirus decreased skp2 expression in WT cells. Moreover, expression of skp2, but not of the mutant L424A-skp2, in WT cells reduced p21cip1 levels. Therefore, EBP50 regulates both expression and activity of skp2 with attendant effects on p21cip1 and VSMC proliferation. Collectively, these experiments show that EBP50, by regulating skp2 and p21cip1 expression, controls VSMC proliferation and the progression of neointima formation. These studies identify a novel function for EBP50 in the direct regulation of the cell cycle and provide a mechanistic basis for the remarkable effect of this scaffolding protein on vascular remodeling.
“This stinckyng idoll”: the origins of some English Mayday traditions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper considers some of the traditions of the May Day festival, which might have had their roots in the Celtic celebrations of Bealtaine. Many pamphleteers and puritans expressed their displeasure at the performing of the rituals including the gathering of the May, and Queen and maypole veneration, all of which are linked with fertility rituals. There are suggestions that the Mayday rituals are also linked with the Roman fertility celebration of Floralia. These celebrations also developed to include dances of milkmaids and chimney sweeps and were linked with the procession of the Jack-in-the-Green and the Lord and Lady of the May
Hybrid electronic systems powered by printed thermoelectric generators (Conference Presentation)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) transform heat to electricity without any movable parts. These devices are considered to be an important means of energy harvesting for wearables and sensor nodes for the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Organic semiconductors have recently demonstrated ZT-values approaching the same order of magnitude of those of the best established inorganic materials. Conjugated polymers as well as printable inorganic nanomaterials offer the unique advantage of being processable on printing machines. This opens a pathway for the fabrication of thermoelectric generators with unprecedented low costs thus enabling mass consumer applications. We have developed novel printable PEDOT formulations and a device layout which allow for a roll-to-roll printing process on ultrathin plastic foils. The TEGs are then subsequently fabricated by an automated folding process which allows to adapt the geometry of the devices such that the desired thermal resistance is optimum for the specific thermal boundary condition. Using this approach in combination with designed low power electronics forms the basis for several wireless sensor nodes.
Pap smear examination-its utility in various cervical lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The leading cause of death in Indian women is cervical malignancy. The rate of mortality can be reduced by early detection by a sensitive method like cervical cytology.
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore various non-infectious, benign and malignant cervical lesion and to establish the utility of pap smear examination in screening cervical lesions.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital during January 2013 to June 2013. Two hundred and ten pap smears were screened for various lesions. The age group ranged from 18 years to 70 years.
Results: Out of 210 pap smears examined, predominant age group was in between 20-40 years. The inflammatory lesions accounted for 94.3% and premalignant and malignant lesions for 5.7%.
Conclusions: Pap smear examination is an easily available and cost effective method for screening various cervical lesions.
Analysis on the Skulls of Taihang Rhesus Macaques by Discriminant Method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty four Taihang rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta mulatta)'s skulls were collected and measured. Statistical test were showed that of all 20 variables 8 have significant sex differences. Six skull sex discriminant functions were set up by Fisher's method, whose discriminant rate ranges from 87.5%~91.7%. The results confirmed the functions were suitable for sex discrimination of skulls which have different damage degree, and suggested their high application values in practice.
(Contents) Petit atlas universel de geographie Ancienne du Moyen Age et Moderne et de geographie sacree par MM. Achille Meissas et Auguste Michelot ... Paris, chez L. Lachette et Cie.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Small Universal Atlas of Ancient, Mediaeval, Modern, and Sacred Geography. Atlas consists of 12 pages of descriptive text, contents and 54 maps including supplement to maps of modern time, dated 1841-1860. Maps are hand colored, some with outline double page engraved on steel by various engravers and are signed by Meissas and Michelot. Showing political and administrative divisions, major cities, rivers, lakes and mountains. Relief shown by hachures. Atlas is bound in marbled blue paper covered boards, with title "Atlas de geographie" printed in gilt on spine.
Walsinghamiella niniella Gielis 2011

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Walsinghamiella niniella Gielis, 2011 Walsinghamiella niniella Gielis, 2011: 41. (Type locality: Tanzania). Material examined: 1 ♀ Kalwe Forest, 18– 19.05.2013, R. Murphy. Distribution: Tanzania, Malawi. Notes. New for Malawi.
A STUDY ON WORD FORMATION PROCESSES OF HARRY POTTER'S SPELLS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Magical beliefs and practices are common in many cultures. Magic is a way of influencing the world through supernatural, mystical, or paranormal means. Harry Potter is one of the book series that tells about magic written by J.K. Rowling. In the magic world, as in the Harry' Potter book series, spells are the essence of magic. This study is concerned with word formation processes found in the spell words in the Harry Potter book series. The data were taken from the first book to the seventh book. In analyzing the data, she uses the word formation theory of George Yule who categorizes word formation into ten types: coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronyms, derivation, and multiple processes.

After collecting and analyzing the data, the writer found 85 spell words in Harry Potter book series. 84 spell words undergo seven of ten word formation processes: coinage, borrowing, compounding, clipping, conversion, derivation, and multiple processes. Moreover, one spell word doesn't undergo any word formation process. Borrowing is the most frequent word formation process that occurs in the spell words, which reaches 45.88% of total numbers of spell words, followed by multiple processes with 37.65%. The spell words are borrowed from Latin, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Aramaic, and Hawaiian. About 64 of 76 word origins are borrowed from Latin. Latin is chosen as the language of Harry Potter's world because it can provide a mystical feel.
A comparison of two privacy policy languages: Epal and xacml

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Current regulatory requirements such as Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA, and the European Union Directive on Data Privacy make it increasingly important for enterprises to be able to verify and audit their compliance with privacy policies. Two platform-independent languages that support directly-enforceable policies including &amp;quot;purposes &amp;quot; are IBM’s Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language(EPAL) and the OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML). This document gives a brief overview of directly-enforceable policy languages, and then compares EPAL and XACML to show where the two languages diiffer. The differences are used to compare the strengths and weaknesses of each language for expressing privacy policies and for authorization or access control policies. The main findings of this analysis are:- With two exceptions, EPAL 1.2 supports a small subset of the functionality offered by XACML 2.0. The two exceptions, a built-in policy &amp;quot;vocabulary &amp;quot; mechanism and &amp;quot;categories&amp;quot;, could be supported in XACML 2.0 without changes to the language. Their implementation in EPAL 1.2 is problematic.- EPAL 1.2 lacks significant features required for complex enterprise policies, both for privacy and for access control in general. It adds no privacy-specific functionality not already supported by XACML 2.0.- XACML 2.0 is an approved OASIS Standard with an OASIS Standard profile for privacy policies. If EPAL were considered as an additional standard, it would be detrimental to industry functionality and interoperability. This document examines in detail the differences between the two languages that support these findings.