jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compound odontoma causing impaction of permanent maxillary incisors with associated ghost cell keratinization: A case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Many times compound odontomas are found associated with unerupted teeth. The canines, followed by maxillary central incisors and third molars are the major teeth which are impacted by odontomas. Herewith, this paper reports a case of compound odontoma associated with impacted permanent right maxillary central and lateral incisors. An 11-year-old girl reported with a chief complaint of retained primary tooth. Intraoral examination revealed that primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors were retained while permanent maxillary left central and lateral incisors were erupted and well accommodated. A non-specific swelling was there on labial aspect of 51 and 52 tooth region, which was measuring about 0.5 cm × 1 cm, enlarging mesiodistally from distal of permanent left central incisor tooth to distal aspect of over retained right primary lateral incisor. Digital orthopantomograph showed calcified masses in the form of toothlike structures present above the root apex and distal aspect of 51 and 52, causing root resorption. On the source of the past, clinical and radiographic assessment a final opinion of compound odontoma was made.
Clustering Countries on COVID-19 Data among Different Waves Using K-Means Clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented spike in confirmed cases in 230 countries globally.In this work, a set of data from the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak has been subjected to two well-known unsupervised learning techniques: K-means clustering and correlation.The COVID-19 virus has infected several nations, and K-means automatically looks for undiscovered clusters of those infections.To examine the spread of COVID-19 before a vaccine becomes widely available, this work has used unsupervised approaches to identify the crucial county-level confirmed cases, death cases, recover cases, total_cases_per_million, and to-tal_deaths_per_million aspects of county-level variables.We combined countries into significant clusters using this feature subspace to assist more in-depth disease analysis efforts.As a result, we used a clustering technique to examine various trends in COVID-19 incidence and mortality across nations.This technique took the key components of a trajectory and incorporates them into a K-means clustering process.We separated the trend lines into measures that characterize various features of a trend.The measurements were first reduced in dimension, then clustered using a K-means algorithm.This method was used to individually calculate the incidence and death rates and then compare them.
New Musicology and the Composing Subject

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

New musicology has established new forms of interrogation and opened fresh perspectives to musical works. Prompted by these, this article uses a ‘métissage’ of theories to explore the notion of the ‘composing subject’: poststructuralist views on the subject are contrasted with the disparate view from the German musicological tradition. The theoretical consideration is illustrated with two works by the German composer Gerhard Stäbler.
Precession-induced Variability in AGN Jets and OJ 287

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The combined study of the flaring of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at radio wavelengths and parsec-scale jet kinematics with Very Long Baseline Interferometry has led to the view that (i) the observed flares are associated with ejections of synchrotron blobs from the core, and (ii) most of the flaring follows a one-to-one correlation with the ejection of the component. Recent results have added to the mounting evidence showing that the quasi-regular component injections into the relativistic jet may not be the only cause of the flux variability. We propose that AGN flux variability and changes in jet morphology can both be of deterministic nature, i.e., having a geometric/kinetic origin linked to the time-variable Doppler beaming of the jet emission as its direction changes due to precession (and nutation). The physics of the underlying jet leads to shocks, instabilities, or ejections of plasmoids. The appearance (morphology, flux, etc.) of the jet can, however, be strongly affected and modulated by precession. We demonstrate this modulating power of precession for OJ 287. For the first time, we show that the spectral state of the spectral energy distribution (SED) can be directly related to the jet’s precession phase. We model the SED evolution and reproduce the precession parameters. Further, we apply our precession model to 11 prominent AGNs. We show that for OJ 287 precession seems to dominate the long-term variability (≳1 yr) of the AGN flux, SED spectral state, and jet morphology, while stochastic processes affect the variability on short timescales (≲0.2 yr).
Social phenotype-dependent selection of social environment in wild great and blue tits: an experimental study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is growing evidence that individuals actively assess the match between their phenotype and their environment when making habitat choice decisions (so-called matching habitat choice). However, to our knowledge, no studies have considered how the social environment may interact with social phenotype in determining habitat choice, despite habitat choice being an inherently social process and growing evidence for individual variation in sociability. We conducted an experiment using wild great and blue tits to understand how birds integrate their social phenotype and social environment when choosing where and how to feed. We used programmable feeders to (i) record social interactions and estimate social phenotype, and (ii) experimentally manipulate the local density experienced by birds of differing social phenotype. By tracking feeder usage, we estimated how social environment and social phenotype predicted feeder choice and feeding behaviour. Both social environment and social phenotype predicted feeder usage, but a bird's decision to remain in a particular social environment did not depend on their social phenotype. By contrast, for feeding behaviour, responses to the social environment depended on social phenotype. Our results provide rare evidence of matching habitat choice and shed light on the dependence of habitat choice on between-individual differences in social phenotype.
<title>Active browsing using similarity pyramids</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we describe a new approach to managing large image databases, which we call active browsing. Active browsing integrates relevance feedback into the browsing environment, so that users can modify the database's organization to suit the desired task. Our method is based on a similarity pyramid data structure, which hierarchically organizes the database, so that it can be efficiently browsed. At coarse levels, the similarity pyramid allows users to view the database as large clusters of similar images. Alternatively, users can 'zoom into' finer levels to view individual images. We discuss relevance feedback for the browsing process, and argue that it is fundamentally different from relevance feedback for more traditional search-by-query tasks. We propose two fundamental operations for active browsing: pruning and reorganization. Both of these operations depend on a user-defined relevance set, which represents the image or set of images desired by the user. We present statistical methods for accurately pruning the database, and we propose a new 'worm hole' distance metric for reorganizing the database, so that members of the relevance set are grouped together.
Sleep Quality and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the cognitive status and sleep quality and their association in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 120 patients with PD were selected from 22-Bahman and 17-Shahrivar hospitals. Demographic information was recorded on a form and Parkinson’s severity was determined using the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were used for the assessment of sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively. Cognitive status was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire. Results: The mean age of patients with PD was 65.9±11.7 years, and 67.5% were men. Cognitive impairment was found in 113 (94.2%) patients, poor sleep quality in 87 (72.5%), and excessive daytime sleepiness in 27 (22.5%) patients. The mean PSQI and ESS scores were 9.03±4.70 and 7.38±3.73, respectively. There was a significant association between cognitive status and sleep quality, as well as daytime sleepiness (independent sample t-test, p<0.0001 for both). Conclusion: There is a significant association between cognitive impairment and poor sleep quality as well as excessive daytime sleepiness.
Does SPRED1 contribute to leukemogenesis in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the editor:

Dr Pasmant and colleagues recently reported a child with a neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous (NCFC) syndrome caused by a germline SPRED1 mutation.[1][1] The child developed acute myeloid leukemia.[1][1] The relation between the molecular pathology of NCFC syndromes and that of myeloid
Supplementary Methods from SNP rs16906252C>T Is an Expression and Methylation Quantitative Trait Locus Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing <i>MGMT</i>-Methylated Colorectal Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary methods providing additional technical detail for methods that is relevant only to those who wish to repeat them exactly</p>
A multi-faceted defence mechanism against code injection attacks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a exible host-based intrusion detection system against remote code injection attacks. There are two main aspects to our approach. The rst is to embed semantic information into executables identifying the locations of legitimate system call instructions; system calls from other locations are treated as intrusions. The modications we propose are transparent to user level processes that do not wish to take advantage of them (so that, for example, it is still possible to run unmodied third-party software), and add more security at minimal cost for those binaries that have the special information present. The second is to back this up using a variety of techniques, including a novel approach to encoding system call traps into the OS kernel, in order to deter mimicry attacks. Experiments indicate that our approach is effective against a wide variety of code injection attacks. 1
KERL: Knowledge-Enhanced Personalized Recipe Recommendation using Large Language Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and the abundance of food data have resulted in studies to improve food understanding using LLMs. Despite several recommendation systems utilizing LLMs and Knowledge Graphs (KGs), there has been limited research on integrating food related KGs with LLMs. We introduce KERL, a unified system that leverages food KGs and LLMs to provide personalized food recommendations and generates recipes with associated micro-nutritional information. Given a natural language question, KERL extracts entities, retrieves subgraphs from the KG, which are then fed into the LLM as context to select the recipes that satisfy the constraints. Next, our system generates the cooking steps and nutritional information for each recipe. To evaluate our approach, we also develop a benchmark dataset by curating recipe related questions, combined with constraints and personal preferences. Through extensive experiments, we show that our proposed KG-augmented LLM significantly outperforms existing approaches, offering a complete and coherent solution for food recommendation, recipe generation, and nutritional analysis. Our code and benchmark datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/mohbattharani/KERL.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Nitrogen−14 in Potassium Azide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The nuclear magnetic resonance of 14N split by large quadrupole interactions has been observed in single crystals of potassium azide (KN3). The observed spectrum at arbitrary orientation consists of eight resonance lines, which can be decomposed into two groups of four lines each. The resonances in each group are of the same apparent intensity, and one group is twice as intense as the other. The quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters of the two inequivalent nitrogens have been obtained from a rotation study. For the end nitrogen e2qQ/h=1.79±0.03 MHz with η=0.04±0.02. For the central nitrogen e2qQ/h=1.028±0.03 MHz with η=0.03±0.02. Unsuccessful attempts were also made to observe the pure quadrupole resonance of the end nitrogens.
INSIDERS AND OUTSIDERS IN UNION MODELS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract. This paper examines the importance of distinguishing between ‘insiders’and ‘outsiders’in models of union‐firm bargaining. In general, insiders are those workers already established in the firm, while outsiders are either unemployed or working in temporary, low‐security jobs. Modifying traditional union models to take account of this distinction is straightforward in one‐period models, where the union is assumed to be indifferent to the welfare of outsiders, but is much more complicated in dynamic models. Some of the predictions of insider‐outsider models concerning wage rigidity and unemployment are not robust. However, the prediction that wages will depend on both insider and outsider forces is robust and appears to be supported by the empirical evidence. Furthermore, evidence from the U.S. suggests that insider power should not be viewed as a purely union phenomenon.
Microfinance respecting Islamic banking principles in marginal dry areas

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In Syria microfinance is a new industry that started in 1997. The Rural Community Development Program (RCDP) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) establishes village credit and savings associations (sanadiq, plural of sanaduq) in the dry marginal region of Jabal al Hoss, southeast of the city of Aleppo. The sanadiq are considered promising institutions in providing microcredit to poor farmers, smallholders and landless workers in Muslim countries. The institutional framework enables sanadiq to operate where other formal lending institutions do not. Formal lending institutions have limited activity in poor rural areas due to time-consuming procedures, collateral requirements, lack of sufficient land assets or inappropriate land-tenure systems, and the inherent risk from irregular land productivity that results from low and variable rainfall. This article focuses on the impact of sanaduq microfinance on poverty, on what is needed to make the sanadiq self-standing institutions and whether the sanaduq system can be spread to other regions in Syria and the region.
SUCCESSFUL TRANSFER OF A LARGE ISLAND FLAP FROM THE GROIN TO THE FOOT BY MICROVASCULAR ANASTOMOSES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

O'BRIEN, BERNARD M. F.R.A.C.S; MacLEOD, ALAN M. F.R.A.C.S; HAYHURST, JOSEPH W. M.D; MORRISON, WAYNE A. F.R.A.C.S Author Information
Exploring Dependence of Human Resource Management (HRM) on Internet of Things (IoT) and Digital Marketing in the Digital Era

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The field of human resource management (HRM) has been impacted by the rise of the internet of things (IoT) in recent years. IoT technology allows for the collection and analysis of data on employee behaviour, performance, and engagement. This data can be used to improve HRM processes such as recruitment, training, and retention. Additionally, IoT technology can be used to improve communication and collaboration between employees and managers. However, there are also concerns about privacy and security when using IoT technology in the workplace. Overall, HRM is becoming increasingly dependent on IoT technology to gather important data and improve processes, but it is important to consider the potential negative impacts and take steps to mitigate them. This chapter has an implication on the organisations of all sizes that may utilise the IoT and digital marketing in strengthening their HRM practices, that shall help them to attract good talent and lead to satisfaction and loyalty among employees.
Stress evolution of the San Andreas fault system: Recurrence interval

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

(SAFS) are driven by stress that has accumulated in the upper locked portion of the crust. The present-day stress accumulation rate on any given fault segment is fairly well resolved by current geodetic measurements. Model stress accumulation rates vary between 0.5 and 7 MPa per century and are inversely proportional to earthquake recurrence intervals. In contrast, the total accumulated stress on a given fault segment is poorly resolved since it depends on the uncertain rupture history of each fault over the past few thousand years. We simulate accumulated stress at crustal depths for both past and present-day conditions by assuming complete release of accumulated slip deficit during major ruptures. These speculative results indicate that the southern San Andreas, which has not ruptured in a major earthquake in over 300 years, is currently approaching a threshold stress level. Citation: Smith-Konter, B., and
Genotypic variation in cold tolerance influences the yield of Miscanthus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract When grown in Europe, Miscanthus genotypes often produce yields lower than their potential due to late emergence of shoots in the spring or to damage from late frosts when shoots emerge too early. Here, we investigate genotypic variation in the base temperature (T b ) for shoot emergence and in the lethal temperature for shoots (LT 50 ) in four Miscanthus genotypes. In all genotypes, lowering temperature increased the time to shoot emergence, with T b ranging from 8.6°C in Sac‐5 to 6°C in Sin‐H9. Frost treatments below −8°C resulted in a marked reduction in growth in all four genotypes. Sin‐H9 was the most frost tolerant with an LT 50 of −9.3°C. There was little variation found in leaf osmotic potential, but leaf moisture content was significantly lower in Sin‐H9 than in the other genotypes. The lower thermal requirement for emergence and lower LT 50 seen in Sin‐H9 was incorporated into a model of Miscanthus production. The model showed an extended growing season that was predicted to increase yields by up to 25%.
Measurements and Analysis of MQTT Response Times in Cloud and Edge with 5G and Wi-Fi 6

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud and edge computing play a crucial role in enabling the intelligence of Industry 4.0, while wireless technologies like 5G and Wi-Fi 6 enhance its flexibility. However, selecting the appropriate technologies is nontrivial. In this paper, we present our measurements (over 360 hours) and analysis of response times in cloud and edge computing using different network access methods. We provide recommendations for technology selection based on our findings. Our results highlight the unique advantages of 5G and Wi-Fi 6 at different percentiles, and the characteristics of cloud and edge computing in terms of workload processing and network propagation. The choice between these technologies should consider the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and processing workloads of applications, as well as the computational resources of edge and cloud servers.
Technical report on landslide related disasters in Brazil

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The landslide propagated to the sea, changing the coastal morphology and creating an 8-meter wave that produced secondary damages to boats and other constructions. Dozens of landslides and floods affected 30 neighborhoods of the municipality. The main landslide occurred at Areal, with a combination of planar and debris flows mechanisms. Most landslide related disasters are concentrated in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, particularly in the mountainous domain that includes the Atlantic scarp of Serra do Mar ridge and coastal massifs. One of the biggest landslides in Brazil, involving about 2.8 million cubic meters, took place in 1985 along the Rio-Santos highway near Angra dos Reis and its nuclear power plants. To avoid a new rupture, an official alert was sent to the Geotechnical Bureau of the City of Rio de Janeiro stating that deep sub horizontal drainage was necessary.
Characterization and Screening of Native <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. Isolates Suitable for Biofuel Feedstock - Fig 2

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Accumulation of total lipid in isolates of microalgal sp. over 18<sup>th</sup> day of cultivation, (a) Direct gravimetric estimation using modified Bligh & dyer method; Total lipid expressed as percentage (w/w) in dried biomass. (b) Quantified by the Nile red fluorescence method. Data were the mean values and standard error of three replicates.</p>
3 Animating Autobiography: Historical Memory and Catharsis in Manuel H. Martín’s Graphic Novel Documentary 30 años de oscuridad / 30 Years of Darkness (2012)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

3 Animating Autobiography: Historical Memory and Catharsis in Manuel H. Martín's Graphic Novel Documentary 30 años de oscuridad / 30 Years of Darkness (2012) was published in Politically Animated on page 89.
The Mirror Hand Abnormality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of mirror hand in which there were four supernumerary fingers but in which the lateral forearm bone exhibited many of the features of a radius is described. Observation showed that, in this case, the supernumary index finger was the most suitable for thumb construction. Rotation osteotomy of the metacarpal of this finger combined with opposition tendon transfer resulted in the creation of an efficient, opposable thumb, but transfer of a finger extensor tendon to the dorsum of the wrist did not produce lasting benefit.
A Formulation Method of Control Protocol for Intersection Signal Based on Wireless Communication Technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to identify traffic signals in bad weather, a method of intersection signal phase formulation and transmission is developed. The total data packet of intersection information and phase information is divided into three parts (including the header files, the intersection information, and the signal control program parameter) on the basis of the intersection signal control protocol which is described separately. Taking a common crossroad as an example, the encoding rules on signal control program are elaborated by which the intersection is described and message protocol is set up. The receiving terminal in the vehicle receives the control timing of the signal lamp in the intersection through wireless transmission technology. Drivers can get the control timing of the signal lamp in the intersection accurately and previously and distinguish their driving behavior combined with the location of themselves by this method, which ensures safe driving.