jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SETD2 loss of function as a new marker of advanced disease in systemic mastocytosis: biological and clinical implications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This project stems from the results of a WES analysis of a rare case of KIT mutation-negative mast cell leukemia (MCL), that identified biallelic inactivating mutations of the SETD2 gene. SETD2 is a tumor suppressor whose loss of function is implicated in solid tumors and leukemias. We thus moved to investigate the prevalence, the underlying mechanisms, the pathogenetic role and the ‘druggability’ of SETD2 loss of function in SM, and its clinical relevance. Screening of a validation cohort of 57 patients with various forms of SM for H3K36 trimethylation levels as a surrogate marker for SETD2 loss of function by WB showed reduced or absent levels in all cases with AdvSM, and significantly lower median SETD2 and H3K36 trimethylation levels resulted in patients with advanced SM as compared to patients with indolent SM. Thus, SETD2 impaired/loss of function can be considered a general phenomenon in SM, correlating with the aggressiveness of the disease. Interestingly, we uncovered a novel post-translational mechanism of hyperubiquitination and enhanced degradation of the protein, and that inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation is able to rescue SETD2 expression and function. We explored the MDM2 ubiquitin role and the p53 checkpoint involvement. We demonstrated that phosphorylation by Aurora kinase A is the main trigger for this mechanism. We then tested proteasome inhibitor, MDM2 and AKA inhibitors in vitro in cell lines and primary patient cells aimed to revert SETD2 non genomic loss of function. We also explored the cellular effect of midostaurin. Finally, we investigated the clinical significance of SETD2 loss of function in a cohort of 88 patients with various forms of SM assessing the prognostic value of SET2 and H3K36 trimethylation levels in the context of other relevant clinical and laboratory variables, and found that reduced SETD2 and H3K36 trimethylation levels significantly correlate with shorter overall survival.
Terrorists, Revolutionaries, and Migrants: Cold War Conflicts and Convergences over International Air Hijacking Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract State socialist Eastern Europe played a significant role in decolonizing aviation law but also in cementing the hijacking of civilian aircraft as a serious international crime that required prosecution or extradition. Motivated by fears of mass illicit emigration, Eastern Bloc states took an extremely hard line against hijacking—even when committed by ideological allies. As a result, alliances in the negotiations of international conventions against hijacking were ever shifting. The Eastern Bloc at times allied with the Global South against the West to make international law less colonial and more universally accessible, and at others allied with their Western capitalist rivals to try to eliminate the possibility of hijackers claiming asylum. The particular concerns of the Eastern Bloc about illicit emigration created a rift with Global South states, especially socialist states, which prioritized protecting national liberation movements that engaged in hijacking from prosecution as terrorists.
Determination of Synthetic Musk Fragrances in Sewage Sludge, Sediment and Soil Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A rapid, simple accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method has been developed to determine seven synthetic musks in sewage sludge, sediment and soil by GC-MS. After extraction, samples were cleaned up by silica gel/ neutral Al(2)O(3)column. Then final eluate was concentrated before injection. Identification was carried out by GC-MS in the Selective Ion Monitor (SIM) mode. Using the method, the recovery of fluenthene-d(10), surrogate standard, was from 89.7% to 110.9%. The detection limits of musks were from 2.9 to 3.3 mu g/kg in sewage sludge and 0.25 - 0.33 mu g/kg in sediment and soil (S/N = 3). Using hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (13)C(6) as the internal standard, good linear calibrations were obtained in the range of 0.6 - 100 mu g/kg. The average recoveries were in the range of 83.6% - 105.1% when the spiked concentration was 10 mu g/kg. The RSD ranged from 3.2% to 9.8%. The method is accurate during the inspection of synthetic musks in real samples.
Taxation in Law and Economics: A Brief Review for Public Policy Decisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research paper is twofold. The first chapter gives a survey of the experimental literature on the perception of individuals concerning their tax burden and its effect on economic decisions. Within this chapter, several strands of literature are discussed, namely: perception of marginal tax rates, influence of tax complexity on tax perception, taxation and incentives to work, tax salience, and tax morale and fairness. The second chapter considers whether knowledge of the tax law is socially desirable. Here, whether knowledge of the tax law is desirable depends on three factors: expectations about the tax in the absence of knowledge, the type of tax, and the quality of the tax. Then, apply this to various policy decisions where knowledge of the tax law is a key variable, including the regulation of tax advisors, hidden taxes, and whether individuals have the socially optimal incentive to seek knowledge of the tax law.
Names across the Color Line. William Faulkner's Short Fiction 1931-1942.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Masiero argues that the interplay of proper names and appellations, definite descriptions and demonstratives provides a perfect stage to illuminate the dynamic drawing of communal boundaries and group belonging in William Faulkner’s fictional South. \nFocusing on short stories Faulkner wrote between 1931 and 1942, Masiero’s onomastic analyses explore and elucidate Faulkner’s Southern stance: his involvement in pivotal social and moral issues, his perception of class conflicts and racial hierarchies, his thoughts on racially inflected negotiations of identities, his recognition of the strictures imposed on the definition of the Southern self (both black and white), his immersion in and dependence on those very ideologies and vocabularies of the racial difference he stigmatizes. (Pubblicazione luglio 2012)
Effect of Adsorption of Gases on the Semiconductive Properties of All-trans β-Carotene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The presence of various adsrobed gases increases the semiconduction currents in crystalline powder of β-carotene by several orders of magnitude and decreases the activation energy for semiconduction. The current increase depends on the amount and nature of the adsorbed gas. The process is reversible simply by desorbing the gases. The kinetics of the conductivity rise follow the Roginsky-Zeldovich equation for the adsorption-time correlation. It has been noted that the adsorbed gases have no effect on the σ0 term, i.e., the mobilities of the charge carriers and the number of conducting states do not change. A value of σ0 ≈ 1.0 × 10−3(Ω·cm)−1 has been measured. Assuming a value for the radius of polarization field, R = 5.3 Å and using the measured values of the dielectric constant, values for the activation energies of β-carotene with adsorbed O2 and methanol, and also the increment in current expected, have been predicted. The measured values are in good agreement with these. We conclude that the changes in the effective dielectric constant (possibly due to formation of donor-acceptor complexes) and the consequent changes in the activation energy can satisfactorily account for the electrical behavior of all-trans β-carotene crystals when various gases are adsorbed on it.
Report on professional attachment in China.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

China has been a very large market to the world since its "open door" policy. Nanjing, being a fast developing state of the Jiangsu Province, is following close to developed cities like Shang Hai and Guang Zhou. Nanjing's GNP for 1994 was $471,000000. The main source of Nanjing's GNP is from the following three areas: electronics and electrical, semi-conductors, automobiles and construction materials. There are also many state-owned shopping centers here. The main coverage of my report will be on the company which I was attached to-Nanjing, Xin Jie Kou Bai Huo Shang Dian Gu Fen You Xian Gong Si.
Original Issue High-Yield Bonds

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the past full market cycle, original issue high-yield bonds delivered no material total return premium over default risk-free Treasuries. This represents a bona fide market inefficiency that proved exploitable by one group engaged in actual market transactions; the corporate sellers of new issues escaped paying a default risk premium. Among the five complementary rather than mutually exclusive factors identified here that may explain this anomaly are: unawareness of the underperformance of the OI segment; a focus on security selection; a lottery ticket effect; and the mirage of remedy based on yield. The discussion gets to the heart of the premise on which the high-yield investment concept was marketed at the dawn of its modern era in the late 1970s. TOPICS:Risk management, fixed-income portfolio management, portfolio construction
Caracterización del voluntariado deportivo en España: la perspectiva de los empleadores

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Sport volunteering in Spain is regulated by Law 6/96 and is prevalent in universities and sports clubs. However, its characteristics in other types of organisations remain underexplored. Objective: Hence, a comprehensive overview of the current state of sports volunteering in Spain based on the views of sport employers was conducted in order to address this issue. Methodology: Implemented between May and July 2022, the European survey, designed and implemented by the European Observatoire of Sport and Employment (EOSE), collected responses from 70 Spanish sport organisations and focused on the skills required in volunteering, the difficulties to attract and engage volunteers, and the management and retention of volunteers. Results: Volunteers are highly valued for their social contributions and essential support to the execution of sport events, and that volunteering should reflect social diversity. It was confirmed that volunteers should have technical skills and specific knowledge as well as a high level of motivation. Barriers such as the lack of time and recognition were underlined as impactful on volunteer participation. Discussion: However, the assessment of volunteers' skills, their recruitment and retention may be conditioned by expectations regarding their personality, prior knowledge, and social, cultural, symbolic and physical backgrounds. Conclusions: Overall, while Spanish sport volunteering has an essential role in sport and a recognised strong social support, it also faces structural challenges that must be addressed to expand and strengthen its legitimacy.
On a new synthesis of sterpurene and the bioactivity of some related Chondrostereumpurpureum sesquiterpene metabolites

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sterpurene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon metabolite of Chondrostereumpurpureum, a plant pathogen and potential mycoherbicide, was synthesized by a six-step sequence, in 33% overall yield. The key steps were a thermal [4 + 2] (Diels–Alder) cycloaddition of a ketene acetal diene with a conjugated ester dienophile, and a remarkably stereoselective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of ethylene with the resulting conjugated ketone. Several related, more highly oxygenated, metabolites isolated from culture filtrates of C. purpureum (cf. Ayer) were tested for toxicity to cells of a hybrid aspen, Populusdeltoides X nigra. Their phytotoxicity, at concentrations as low as 10 ppm, suggests that, like the endo-polygalacturonase produced by the fungus, these sesquiterpenes may be partially responsible for the foliar lesions associated with infection of deciduous species by the pathogen. Keywords: Chondrostereumpurpureum, mycoherbicide, metabolites, sterpurenes, synthesis, Diels–Alder, photocycloaddition, pyramidalization, phytotoxicity.
Using Technology to Eliminate Traffic Congestion

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traffic congestion is a pervasive worldwide problem. We explain how to harness existing technologies together with new methods in time-and-location marketsto eradicate traffic congestion along with its attendant social harms. Our market design for road use builds on congestion pricing and models of efficient pricingin the electricity sector. The market maximizes the value of a transport network through efficient scheduling, routing, and pricing of road use. Privacy and equity concerns are addressed. Transparent price information provides essential information for efficient long-term investment in transport.
Effects of two cooking methods on the taste components of Sanhuang chicken and Black-bone silky fowl meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this work, the effects of two cooking methods (stewing and roasting) on the taste components of Sanhuang chickens (SHC) and Black-bone silky fowl (BSF) meat were investigated. The contents of taste-active compounds, including free amino acids, organic acid, and 5′-nucleotides, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the aspartic acid and glutamic acid contents of roasted SHC thigh were higher than other seven samples. Lactic acid was the main organic acid in the samples, accounting for 65%–80% of the total organic acid content. The content of organic acids and 5′-nucleotides was higher in stewing sample than roasting. The content of organic acids was higher in the chicken breast sample than thigh. However, the content of 5′-nucleotides was higher in the chicken thigh sample than the breast. The equivalent umami concentration of roasted SHC thigh (0.35 g MSG/100 g) was the highest. Practical applications Cooking methods exert vital effects on the taste of chicken, but less information could be obtained from the reference about the effects of cooking methods on the taste components of chicken. The aims of this work were to investigate the influences of two cooking methods (stewing and roasting) on taste components of SHC and BSF. This work could provide more scientific recommendation for the development of chicken seasonings and more suitable cooking methods.
Loss of heterozygosity from the short arm of chromosome 8 is an early event in breast cancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) from the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) is common to many human carcinomas, including those of the colon and prostate. It localizes to two discrete regions, 8p21 and 8p22. This suggests the presence of at least two tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on this chromosome arm. Human breast cancers show consistent 8p deletions in cytogenetic studies, chromosome 8 aneusomy and isochromosome 8q, indicating that the relevant gene(s) may play a role, but the results of molecular analyses of chromosome 8 in breast cancer have been variable. We present here data for 8p LOH in an unselected series of human breast cancers with the use of three CA‐repeat markers that showed high rates of LOH in other tumors. All cases were informative for at least one marker, and LOH was seen in 11 of 20 cases (55%). LOH was more frequent for the 8p22 markers D8S254 and D8S 133 than for NEFL in 8p21. Regional metastases of the tumors showed allele profiles identical to those of their primaries regardless of whether there was LOH or retention of alleles. One case of microsatellite instability (RER + ) was seen. LOH did not correlate with receptor status, ploidy, percentage of cells in S phase, or tumor size: We observed LOH at equal rates in small (<2 cm) and in larger (>2 cm) tumors. The data suggest that LOH from 8p is frequent in human breast cancers and that loss of the putative 8p TSG may be an important event in early stage breast cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Polarography of Histidine Complexes of Cobalt(II) and Cobalt(III)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Polarography of Histidine Complexes of Cobalt(II) and Cobalt(III)Bruno JaselskisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 6, 1283–1285Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01539a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01539a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Youth Rock and Roll Club Culture of 1970s and 1980s Los Angeles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Los Angeles rock and roll clubs had a strong influence on youth of the era, revealed by the way these clubs served as focal points for new movements. Although contrasting genres, like punk and heavy metal, defined their music and goals differently, these movements all ultimately shared a need to break away from the established generation of adults ahead of them. By turning to aggressive music, drugs and distinctive anti-authoritarian attitudes, Los Angeles youth were able to vent their social frustrations in clubs that bred separateness.
Identification and Analysis of microRNAs in the SAM and Leaves of Populus tomentosa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a crucial tissue located at the tops of plants which can continually grow and differentiate to develop into all aboveground parts. SAM development is controlled by a series of complicated molecular regulation networks, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes play key roles. However, little is known about these miRNAs in woody plants. In this study, we used small RNA (sRNA) sequencing to build four libraries derived from shoot tips and mature leaf tissues of Populus tomentosa, and identified 99 known miRNA families. In addition, 193 known miRNAs, including phytohormone-, developmental-, and cellular process-related miRNAs, showed significant differential expression. Interestingly, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of miR172, miR164, and miR393 expression showed marked changes in expression patterns during the development of shoot tips. The target genes of these miRNAs were involved in the regulation of hormone responses and stem cell function. In particular, the miR172 target APETALA2 (AP2), involved in the maintenance of stem cells in the shoot apex, was expressed specifically during the initial active stage of development. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs involved in SAM development and differentiation in tree species.
A comparison of palpable and impalpable cryptorchid testes using CD‐99 immunohistochemistry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and morphological features of impalpable and palpable cryptorchid testes, as there is debate about how much effort is appropriate to bring an impalpable undescended testicle into the scrotum. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively 189 cases of undescended testicles in 168 patients who were explored surgically by one surgeon between August 1997 and September 2000. Operative findings of palpability, testicular size and location were collected. The mean tubular diameter (MTD), tubular fertility index (TFI) and mean number of germ cells per tubule (MGCT) were calculated using immunohistochemistry for CD‐99, a Sertoli‐cell marker, to classify germ cells more accurately. RESULTS Sixty‐three testes (33%) were impalpable; the median age at the time of surgical exploration was 23 months for both groups. The mean ( sd ) testicular volume for the impalpable and palpable groups were 0.83 (0.38) and 1.22 (0.54) mL, respectively. Using fitted curves of size vs age, impalpable testes were smaller than palpable testes at all ages, with the difference nearly statistically significant ( P < 0.06). The MTD, TFI and MGCT decreased with age in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between the groups. A sub‐analysis of abdominal and extra‐abdominal testes confirmed no significant differences. CONCLUSION Impalpable testes are smaller at the time of exploration than palpable cryptorchid testes. However, histological factors predict that impalpable testes have a significant chance of future fertility and therefore orchidopexy is appropriate. CD‐99 immunohistochemistry makes objective morphological information easier to obtain.
Reasons for discontinuation of reversible contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Objective To report the reasons for discontinuation of contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy ( WWE ). Methods These retrospective data come from a web‐based survey regarding the contraceptive practices of 1,144 WWE in the community, ages 18–47 years. We determined the frequencies of contraceptive discontinuations and the reasons for discontinuation. We compared risk ratios for rates of discontinuation among contraceptive methods and categories. We used chi‐square analysis to test the independence of discontinuation reasons among the various contraceptive methods and categories and when stratified by antiepileptic drug ( AED ) categories. Results Nine hundred fifty‐nine of 2,393 (40.6%) individual, reversible contraceptive methods were discontinued. One‐half (51.8%) of the WWE who discontinued a method discontinued at least two methods. Hormonal contraception was discontinued most often (553/1,091, 50.7%) with a risk ratio of 1.94 (1.54–2.45, p < 0.0001) compared to intrauterine devices ( IUD s), the category that was discontinued the least (57/227, 25.1%). Among all individual methods, the contraceptive patch was stopped most often (79.7%) and the progestin‐ IUD was stopped the least (20.1%). The top three reasons for discontinuation among all methods were reliability concerns (13.9%), menstrual problems (13.5%), and increased seizures (8.6%). There were significant differences among discontinuation rates and reasons when stratified by AED category for hormonal contraception but not for any other contraceptive category. Significance Contraception counseling for WWE should consider the special experience profiles that are unique to this special population on systemic hormonal contraception.