jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Recent studies on probiotics as beneficial mediator in aquaculture: a review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The diseases in fish and other economic aquatic species is a great concern, and every year it causes a huge loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics might be a good option to reduce the disease risk and to enhance the productivity. Methods We have gathered information from various important research and review articles related to fish diseases, probiotics, and gut microbial community. We have tried our level best to represent the up-to-date information in a concise manner. Results In this present review, we have demonstrated the various beneficial aspects of probiotics in aquaculture sectors. Probiotics are considered as novel functional agents that have potential implications in influencing the gut microbiota of any aquatic organism. Researchers have already documented that probiotics play a wide spectrum functions (such as decrease diseases and stress, enhance immunity, modulate gut microbiota, helps in nutrition, improve water quality, etc.) in host body. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of probiotics contribute to increase feed value and growth of the animal, and improve spawning and hatching rate in aquaculture system. Here, we have discussed each and every functions of probiotics and tried to correlate with the previous knowledge. Conclusion The reports regarding the efficacy of probiotics and its detailed mechanism of action are scarce. Till date, several probiotics have been reported; however, their commercial use has not been implicated. Most of the studies are based on laboratory environment and thus the potentiality may vary when these probiotics will be used in natural environments (pond and lakes).
Of mice and men : SOD1 associated human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and transgenic mouse models

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurones in motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. This inevitably leads to paralysis, respiratory failure and death. In about 5% of patients with ALS there is an association with mutations in gene for the abundant intracellular scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase1, SOD1. The noxious property of SOD1 is proposed to be due to gain of function. In familial cases the inheritance is most commonly dominant. This study focus on two disparate SOD1 mutations occurring in Scandinavia. The recessive D90A mutation which has properties similar to that of the normal wild-type human SOD1. The dominantly inherited G127insTGGG mutation, G127X, causes a C-terminal truncation of the last 21 amino acids and is a highly unstable protein. Transgenic mice were created expressing D90A and G127X mutated human SOD1. Results from studies of tissue from the central nervous system of patients carrying either of these mutations were compared with similar tissue collected from transgenic mice generated with the same mutations. Tissue from the mice were also compared to central nervous tissue from several other transgenic mouse strains expressing human wild type SOD1 as well as other ALS associated human SOD1 mutations. The transgenic mice expressing D90A respectively G127X mutated human SOD1 develop motor neurone disease. Microscopic studies of central nervous tissues from G127X transgenic mice reveals inclusions of aggregated misfolded SOD1 in motor neurones and adjacent supporting cells. These inclusions are composed of detergent resistant aggregates and preceded by accumulations of minute quantities of detergent-soluble aggregates. The inclusions mimic those found in G127X patients. In D90A transgenic mice the progression, as in the humans, was slower and the mice, as the patients, showed bladder disturbance. In the D90A patients, the SOD1 inclusions mimic those found in sporadic ALS patients. Aggregation of SOD1 in central nervous tissue appears to be related to severity of disease. Degenerative features as vacuolization and gliosis precedes phenotypic alterations. Changes are seen not only in motor areas but also in higher centres of the telencephalon.
MLDSE: Scaling Design Space Exploration Infrastructure for Multi-Level Hardware

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To efficiently support large-scale NNs, multi-level hardware, leveraging advanced integration and interconnection technologies, has emerged as a promising solution to counter the slowdown of Moore's law. However, the vast design space of such hardware, coupled with the complexity of their spatial hierarchies and organizations, introduces significant challenges for design space exploration (DSE). Existing DSE tools, which rely on predefined hardware templates to explore parameters for specific architectures, fall short in exploring diverse organizations, spatial hierarchies, and architectural polymorphisms inherent in multi-level hardware. To address these limitations, we present Multi-Level Design Space Exploror (MLDSE), a novel infrastructure for domain-specific DSE of multi-level hardware. MLDSE introduces three key innovations from three basic perspectives of DSE: 1) Modeling: MLDSE introduces a hardware intermediate representation (IR) that can recursively model diverse multi-level hardware with composable elements at various granularities. 2) Mapping: MLDSE provides a comprehensive spatiotemporal mapping IR and mapping primitives, facilitating the mapping strategy exploration on multi-level hardware, especially synchronization and cross-level communication; 3) Simulation: MLDSE supports universal simulator generation based on task-level event-driven simulation mechanism. It features a hardware-consistent scheduling algorithm that can handle general task-level resource contention. Through experiments on LLM workloads, we demonstrate MLDSE's unique capability to perform three-tier DSE spanning architecture, hardware parameter, and mapping.
KEY MECHANISMS AND FORMAL DESCRIPTION OF MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new kind of network layer packet forwarding technology, the multiprotocol label switching(MPLS), is discussed in the paper. MPLS combines network layer packet forwarding with link layer frame switching for L3 packet relaying. This technology not only greatly improves the packet forwarding capability in intermediate systems, but also enhances the network layer routing system's scalability. MPLS lacks formal description at present and this makes it difficult to carry out MPLS's problem analysis. Following the analysis of MPLS system principles and its core mechanisms, a formal description of the MPLS system model using algorithm language is put forward. The work done in the paper will be helpful to further analysis and problem solving for MPLS.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-stem cell memory persists in ocrelizumab-treated MS patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Development of long-lasting anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) T-cell responses in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) treated with ocrelizumab is questioned. Objective: Investigate antiviral T-cell responses after infection with SARS-CoV-2 in ocrelizumab-treated pwMS. Control groups included ocrelizumab-treated pwMS without SARS-CoV-2 infection, and non-MS individuals with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools and T-cell reactivity was assessed by ELISPOT for interferon (IFN)-γ detection, and by multiparametric fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses for assessment and characterization of T-cell activation. Results: ELISPOT assay against the spike and the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 displayed specific T-cell reactivity in 28/29 (96%) pwMS treated with ocrelizumab and infected by SARS-CoV-2, similar to infected persons without MS. This reactivity was present 1 year after infection and independent from the time of ocrelizumab infusion. FACS analysis following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools showed the presence of activation-induced markers (AIMs) in both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell subsets in 96% and 92% of these individuals, respectively. Within naïve AIM + CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells, we detected T memory stem cells, suggesting the acquisition of long-term memory. Conclusions: B-cell depletion using ocrelizumab does not impair the development of long-lasting anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses.
The Common Agricultural Policy and EU Enlargement: Implications for Agricultural Production in the Central and East European Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the potential consequences of an extension of the Common Agricultural Policy with respect to agricultural production in the Central and East European countries (CEECs). It reviews the evidence of recent attempts to quantify the potential impacts of accession on production levels in the CEECs. It also takes into account results from previous studies in order to analyze the importance of structural constraints can have to the capacity of the CEECs' agricultural sectors to respond to supply incentives under accession to the EU, and to examine some research questions that are still unanswered in relation to the supply potential of the CEECs. Finally, some conclusions and policy recommendations are presented.
Morphometric and Internal Measurement of African Mourning Doves at Elssuki Area, Sinnar State Sudan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The African Mourning Dove (Streptopelia decipiens decipiens) is the most widespread species of Columbidae in Africa. There is little research done on this species in Sudan. This study was conducted in 15/12/2016 to 29/3/2017, at Elssuki area, N 13 19 0 E 33 52 60, Sinnar state, Sudan. The aims of this study are to assess the morphometric (body weight, bill, tarsus, tail, wing, head and culmen length) and physiological variation of African mourning dove (Streptopelia decipiens decipiens). Twenty birds were captured by traditional traps from Alssuki city and around Hamadna allah village 11 km from Elssuki. Morphological measurement like body weight, the tall of the tail, bill, bill with ahead, wings and tarsus were measured using ruler and registered in a sheet. Internal parts were also measures, the tall of intestine and kidneys, the heart, liver and gizzard were weighed using sensitive balance. There is significant variation between the bird in body weight, the tall of morphological feature and external one. The sample from Hamadna allah reflect higher weigh and of tall of both internal or external parts. It was agreed with some studies in other parts of the world of morphometric variation but on other hands showed that there is a relationship between body weight and some internal parts like gizzard weight. The difference may be attributed to genetic characters, or type, or availability of food or food quality, and habitat differentiation.
Exploring the performance of machine learning models for the GNSS-IR retrieval of seasonal snow height

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Snow is a key variable of the global climate system and the hydrological cycle, as well as one of the most critical sources of freshwater. Therefore, measurements of snow-related parameters such as seasonal snow height (SSH) or snow-water-equivalent (SWE) are of great importance for science, economy and society. Traditionally, these parameters are either measured manually or with automated ground-based sensors, which are accurate, but expensive and suffer from low temporal and spatial resolution.A new alternative for such systems is the use of GNSS observations, by application of the GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) method. The technique enables users to infer information about soil moisture, snow depth, or vegetation water content. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) observations collected by GNSS receivers are sensitive to the interference between the direct signal and the reflected signal (often referred to as &#8220;multipath&#8221;). The interference pattern changes with the elevation angle of the satellite, the signal wavelength, and the height of the GNSS antenna above the reflecting surface. By comparing this reflector heights estimated for snow surfaces with those from bare soil conditions, snow height can be determined.The estimation of reflector heights, and respectively SSH, is typically carried out using Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) spectrum analysis. This study investigates the potential of machine learning methods for this task, using similar input parameters as the standard GNSS-IR retrieval. Results from different supervised algorithms such as Random Forest (RF) or Gradient Boosting (GB) are shown for different GNSS sites and experimental setups. First investigations indicate that snow heights can be successfully obtained with machine learning, with results less noisy than with classical approaches.
Scanning Tunneling Electron Transport into a Kondo Lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We theoretically present the results for a scanning tunneling transport between a metallic tip and a Kondo lattice. We calculate the density of states (DOS) and the tunneling current and differential conductance (DC) under different conduction-fermion band hybridization and temperature in the Kondo lattice. It is found that the hybridization strength and temperature give asymmetric coherent peaks in the DOS separated by the Fermi energy. The corresponding current and DC intensity depend on the temperature and quantum interference effect among the c-electron and f-electron states in the Kondo lattice.
Integrating cancer support and technology in breast cancer care: Developing a chatbot for underserved populations.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

e13545 Background: Breast cancer care often focuses on medical and surgical interventions, with limited attention to the emotional and informational needs of patients, particularly in underserved populations. These patients frequently lack access to timely information, emotional support, and navigational guidance. To address this gap, we developed a chatbot to assist breast cancer patients in resource-limited settings. Methods: A chatbot was developed linked to open-AI for underserved breast cancer patients. The chatbot provides: Guidelines-Based Information: Simplified explanations of diagnosis, treatment options, and post-treatment care based on international oncology standards. Emotional Support: Tools for stress management, motivational messages, and empathetic responses to common fears and concerns. Navigation Assistance: Guidance for accessing healthcare services The chatbot was tested by a multidisciplinary team regarding the accuracy of the information provided. It was then tested with a cohort of 50 breast cancer patients from underserved regions. Usability, satisfaction, and emotional support were evaluated through semi-structured interviews. Results: Initial pilot results showed high user satisfaction (mean score: 4.7/5). Patients reported improved understanding of their condition (85%) and a reduction in anxiety levels (70%). The chatbot 95 instances of guideline-based informational support. Feedback highlighted the chatbot’s empathetic tone and accessibility in regional language (Hindi) as key strengths. Conclusions: A chatbot integrating support and guidelines-based information is a feasible and effective tool for enhancing breast cancer care in underserved populations. By addressing informational gaps, the chatbot has the potential to improve patient outcomes, satisfaction, and engagement.
Construction and Application of Power Data Operation Monitoring Platform Based on Knowledge Map Reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the gradual increase in daily power consumption by businesses and individuals, the power industry has seen an increased need to deploy more power equipment. This has led to a significant rise in the data generated by electrical equipment, a trend noted by the International Journal of Emerging Electrical Power Systems. In order to process, analyze, and manage such large amounts of data, it is necessary to introduce knowledge mapping technology into the power field. This technology allows the power data operation monitoring platform to obtain useful data from a large amount of information. In light of this phenomenon, based on an analysis of the requirements for platform construction and design principles, combined with the knowledge map reasoning method, this paper has effectively studied the construction of the power data operation monitoring platform and tested the performance of the experimental platform by assessing the response time of each functional module, data correctness verification, and data standard management.
ANTIGENIC ANALYSES OF THE ADULT WORMS OF NIPPOSTRONGYLUS BRASILIENSIS BY CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In order to identify and to characterize the antigens from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis which are involved in the in vitro blastogenesis of T cells from infected animals, we have established by crossed immunoelectrophoresis a two dimensional antigenic map of the adult worm homogenate. Polyclonal precipitating rabbit antiserum recognized 26 antigens including five enzymes in these homogenates. The antigenic enzymes, the precipitates of which are only stained by specific staining, are: aldolase, malic enzyme, acid phosphatase, peroxydase and cholinesterase. This antigenic map enable us to identify 26 antigens in adult worm homogenates and to compare them with those which will be contained in purification fractions from these homogenates or in homogenates from other parasites.
Serum amyloid A1 recruits neutrophils to the invasive front of T1 colorectal cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aim The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We recently reported that crosstalk between CRC cells and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) via serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) promotes invasion by T1 CRCs. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the role of neutrophils in early CRCs. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of CD66b, chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (CXCL8 or interleukin‐8, IL‐8) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) was performed using primary T1 CRCs ( n = 49). The HL‐60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line and THP‐1 human monocytic leukemia cell line were used to obtain neutrophil‐like and macrophage‐like cells, respectively. Boyden chamber assays were used to analyze cell migration and invasion, and quantitative RT‐PCR was used to analyze gene expression. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed accumulation of neutrophils at the SAA1‐positive invasive front of T1 CRCs. Experiments using HL‐60 cells suggested that treatment with SAA1 induced neutrophil migration and expression of CXCL8 and MMP‐9 in neutrophils and that neutrophils promote CRC cell migration and invasion. Immunohistochemistry confirmed accumulation of CXCL8‐ or MMP‐9‐positive neutrophils at the SAA1‐positive invasive front of T1 CRCs. Moreover, co‐culture experiments using CRC, THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells suggested that CRC cells activated by macrophages upregulate CXCL8 and MMP‐9 in neutrophils. Conclusions Our results suggest that interplay between macrophages and CRC cells leads to recruitment of neutrophils to the invasive front of T1 CRCs and that SAA1 secreted by CRC cells activate neutrophils to promote invasion.
Analytical calculation method for strain of pipeline with smooth dent based on 3D scanning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to its advantages of high accuracy and strong applicability, the evaluation criteria based on dent strain is widely used to evaluate the applicability of buried long-distance pipelines with dents. In order to obtain the more accurate strain value of dent, an analytical calculation method was proposed for strain of pipelines with smooth dents based on 3D scanning profile. Specifically, the scanned point cloud data were pre-processed with the reverse engineering software, the smooth dent surface was reconstructed with the cubic B-spline interpolation function, and the point cloud data were divided into the regular grid node coordinates through data gridding. Besides, the displacement and strain of each node after dent deformation were derived based on the thin shell theory and geometrical deformation analysis,with the calculation results compared with that obtained by the finite element method and formula from ASME B31.8.According to the results, the average relative errors of maximum equivalent strain results of inner wall calculated by the proposed analytical calculation method, and formula from ASME B31.8 compared with FEA method are 17.59% and 11.56%, while that of the outer wall are 7.73% and 13.16%, respectively. Hence, the analytical calculation method is more accurate for strain calculation of the outer wall of dent than formula from ASME B31.8. In general, the research results could provide theoretical basis for the field applicability evaluation of pipelines with dents.
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions of JBPOS0101 mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4 and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract JBPOS0101 is a new antiepileptic drug and is a substrate of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in in vitro test. In vitro experiments showed different results regarding whether JBPOS0101 induces (EC 50 136 μM) or inhibits (IC 50 95.4–386.5 μM) cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. As co‐medication of JBPOS0101 and carbamazepine (CBZ) is expected in clinical settings, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between them should be determined. This study aimed to investigate pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of JBPOS0101 influenced by CYP3A4 and UGTs using midazolam (MDZ) and CBZ. A two‐cohort, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study was conducted in healthy Koreans. In cohort A, subjects received MDZ IV alone, and then JBPOS0101 were co‐administered with MDZ after oral doses of JBPOS0101 for 7 days. In cohort B, multiple doses of JBPOS0101 and CBZ were administered respectively, and subjects received both together for 7 days. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis. When MDZ and JBPOS0101 were co‐administered, the systemic exposure of MDZ decreased by 30%. Meanwhile, JBPOS0101 did not significantly changed the PK of CBZ. CBZ decreased the systemic exposure of JBPOS0101 at steady state by 40%, respectively. With IV administration of MDZ, JBPOS0101 acted as a weak inducer of hepatic CYP3A4 and decreased systemic exposure of MDZ. The ability of JBPOS0101 to similarly modulate gut CYP3A4 activity will require further evaluation. Co‐administration of multiple doses of JBPOS0101 and CBZ did not significantly alter CBZ pharmacokinetics, but the clinical impact of decreased systemic exposure of JBPOS0101 by CBZ should be further considered.