jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Utilization of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Services among Teachers in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

HIV/AIDS affects the basic educational sector which is the most productive segment of the population and vital to the creation of human capital. The loss of skilled and experienced teachers due to the problem is increasingly compromising the provision of quality education in most African countries. The study was proposed to determine the magnitude of VCT utilization and assess contributing factors that affect VCT service utilization among secondary school teachers in Awi Zone. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 588 participants in 2014. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16, presented as frequencies and summary statistics, and tested for presence of significant association with odds ratio at 95% CI. More than half (53.6%) of study participants were tested for HIV. Those who had sexual intercourse, had good knowledge about VCT, were divorced/widowed, were in the age group of 20–29 years, and were married utilized VCT services two, three, four, three, and two times better than their counterparts, respectively. Actions targeting unmarried status, increase of educational level, and teachers with age groups above 30 years are necessary to follow their counterparts to utilize VCT service in order to save loss of teachers.
Client mobility support and communication efficiency in distributed publish/subscribe

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Los sistemas distribuidos de tipo publish/subscribe son una aproximacion desacoplada a la comunicacion de informacion entre multiples productores y consumidores de eventos. En concreto, el paradigma publish/subscribe introduce una infraestructura software de comunicaciones que intermedia entre los clientes de un sistema distribuido, filtrando los eventos producidos o publicados por los publishers y entregando estos eventos a aquellos suscriptores o subscribers que esten interesados en ellos.El modelo de interaccion de los sistemas distribuidos publish/subscribe resulta particularmente interesante para escenarios con un componente de movilidad. En dichos escenarios, los clientes software que producen y consumen eventos se ejecutan en dispositivos moviles como tablets y smartphones. Una infraestructura estatica de comunicaciones compuesta por una serie de brokers o intermediarios enruta los eventos desde su nodo de origen a su(s) nodo(s) de destino. De esta manera, es posible implementar aplicaciones para entornos inteligentes, donde los dispositivos moviles reciben eventos generados por sensores distribuidos por el entorno y, adicionalmente, generan sus propios eventos que pueden ser utilizados por el entorno para monitorizar la localizacion u otras propiedades de los usuarios.La tesis propone un algoritmo de enrutamiento para sistemas distribuidos publish/subscribe que soporta la movilidad de dichos clientes, permitiendo que los clientes se desconecten de un broker determinado y migren a otro broker con el fin de proseguir su produccion y/o consumo de eventos. Se verifica la correccion del algoritmo de enrutamiento y se implementa un prototipo de sistema. Finalmente, se analiza la escalabilidad del sistema mediante un analisis de rendimiento basado en la implementacion.
Partial online cycle elimination in inclusion constraint graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many program analyses are naturally formulated and implemented using inclusion constraints. We present new results on the scalable implementation of such analyses based on two insights: first, that online elimination of cyclic constraints yields orders-of-magnitude improvements in analysis time for large problems; second, that the choice of constraint representation affects the quality and efficiency of online cycle elimination. We present an analytical model that explains our design choices and show that the model's predictions match well with results from a substantial experiment.
Hydrodynamic Shear Regulates the Kinetics and Receptor Specificity of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte-Colon Carcinoma Cell Adhesive Interactions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The ability of tumor cells to metastasize hematogenously is regulated by their interactions with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). However, the mechanisms mediating PMN binding to tumor cells under physiological shear forces remain largely unknown. This study was designed to characterize the molecular interactions between PMNs and tumor cells as a function of the dynamic shear environment, using two human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (LS174T and HCT-8) as models. PMN and colon carcinoma cell suspensions, labeled with distinct fluorophores, were sheared in a cone-and-plate rheometer in the presence of the PMN activator fMLP. The size distribution and cellular composition of formed aggregates were determined by flow cytometry. PMN binding to LS174T cells was maximal at 100 s−1 and decreased with increasing shear. At low shear (100 s−1) PMN CD11b alone mediates PMN-LS174T heteroaggregation. However, L-selectin, CD11a, and CD11b are all required for PMN binding to sialyl Lewisx-bearing LS174T cells at high shear (800 s−1). In contrast, sialyl Lewisx-low HCT-8 cells fail to aggregate with PMNs at high shear conditions, despite extensive adhesive interactions at low shear. Taken together, our data suggest that PMN L-selectin initiates LS174T cell tethering at high shear by binding to sialylated moieties on the carcinoma cell surface, whereas the subsequent involvement of CD11a and CD11b converts these transient tethers into stable adhesion. This study demonstrates that the shear environment of the vasculature modulates the dynamics and molecular constituents mediating PMN-tumor cell adhesion.
PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN EMPYEMA THORACIS.1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary There is a “negative” intrapleuid pressure which is different in different phases of respiration and may be different in different parts of the chest. This is determined by a variably elastic organ in a variably movable but nevertheless relatively rigid elastic bony cage. The elasticity of the organ differs very greatly towards the periphery as compared with the hilum, but since the peripheral potion is the significant part, particularly when changes occur relatively rapidly, this is considered to the relative exclusion of the hilar region. The nature and amount of material in the pleural space will have animportant bearing on phenomena in this region. In normal circumstances there is only a minute amount of pleural fluid between the visceral and parietal surfaces which may be regarded as being comparable with nornial tissue fluid and consists of water, salts and probably a small qiiantity of protein. Its viscosity therefore is little higher than that of water.
Carcinogenic Action of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Mouse Skin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

IT has been known for some years that when cigarette smoke is condenlsed and the condensate subsequently dried and stored it forms a &quot; tar &quot;-like substance which when painted on the backs of certain strains of mice gives rise to epithelial tumours (literature reviewed by Wynder and Hoffmann, 1964). Among all the efforts which have been made in recent years to study the carcinogenic properties of cigarette smoke experimentally, this still remains the salient p)henomenon; cigarette smoke condensate undoubtedly has the property of a complete carcinogen for epithelial tissue of laboratory animals. The fact that dried cigarette smoke coiidensate possesses this property has led to the belief that the agents in cigarette smoke condensate principally responsible for its mouse skin carcinogenicity are likely to be stable non-volatile compounds. This belief in turn has formed the basis for the suggestion by sonme workers (notably Wrynder and Hoffmann (1964)) that reduction of total cigarette smoke condensate and reduction of agents in the condensate responsible for mouse skin carcinogenicity might be useful steps to take.
Si(111)-(7 × 7) Under Silane UHV-LPCVD: A STM Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we present a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the LPCVD (low pressure chemical vapor deposition) growth of Si on Si(111)-(7 × 7) using silane ( SiH 4 ) decomposition. Surface reactivities have been studied at room and high temperature (700 < T < 800 K ), and the major chemical mechanisms have been identified at an atomic scale on the basis of room temperature STM images of the reacted surfaces. The study provides a better understanding of nucleation and initial stages of growth. More particularly, we show that the growth kinetics and the final structure of the film are different from what is observed by molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth.
The coordination chemistry of phenylbisdimethylaminophosphine oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A number of new solvates and adducts containing phenylbisdimethylaminophosphine oxide is reported. The solvates have the general formula M{C 6 H 5 P(O)‐[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 } 4 2+ (anion) 2 2− , in which M = Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd, and the anions are ClO 4 − and BF 4 − . The adducts have the general formula MCl 2 {C 6 H 5 P(O)[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 } n , in which M = Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd, and n = 2, except for the Cd compound in which n = 3. The compounds are characterized and identified by chemical analyses and physical measurements. Vibrational spectra in the region 4000‐200 cm −1 have been investigated. A tentative assignment is proposed and the shifts of some ligand bands upon complexing are discussed. It is concluded that coordination takes place via the oxygen atom. Ligand‐field spectra for the complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been investigated. Values for the ligand‐field parameters are reported. X‐ray powder patterns were used in combination with ligand‐field spectra to deduce the coordination around the metal ions. By a comparison of the ligand properties of phenylbisdimethylaminophosphine oxide, hexamethylphosphoramide and triphenylphosphine oxide the importance of steric factors in coordination chemistry is again demonstrated.
A suppressor of temperature-sensitive rna mutations that affect mRNA metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have isolated a dominant suppressor of rna mutation (SRN1) that relieves the temperature-sensitive inhibition of mRNA synthesis of ribosomal protein genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The suppressor was selected for its ability to alleviate simultaneously the temperature-sensitive growth phenotypes of rna2 and rna6. Several independently isolated suppressors appeared to be recessive lethal mutations. One suppressor, SRN1, was recovered as viable in haploid strains. SRN1 can suppress rna2, rna3, rna4, rna5, rna6, and rna8 singly or in pairs, although some combinations of rna mutations are less well suppressed than others. The suppressor allows strains with rna mutations to grow at 34 degrees C but is unable to suppress at 37 degrees C; however, SRN1 does not, by itself, prevent growth at 37 degrees C. In addition, SRN1 suppresses the rna1 mutation which affects general mRNA levels and also leads to the accumulation of precursor tRNA for those tRNAs that have intervening sequences. SRN1 can suppress the rna1 mutation as well as the rna1 rna2 double mutation at 34 degrees C. The suppressor does not affect the temperature-sensitive growth of two unrelated temperature-sensitive mutations, cdc4 and cdc7.
The Impact of Crowdfunding on Social Entrepreneurship in Morocco: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Faced with challenges in accessing traditional funding, crowdfunding offers an innovative solution. It enables social entrepreneurs to raise funds while mobilizing communities sensitive to their social and environmental goals. Indeed, crowdfunding has seen remarkable growth in developed countries and represents an exponentially growing global market. In Morocco, the new Law No. 15-18 on collaborative financing, introduced in 2021, removed regulatory barriers blocking crowdfunding development. This law, finally adopted several years after it was drafted and thirteen years after the practical emergence of crowdfunding in the United States marks a new step in diversifying Morocco's financial instruments. Its goals include strengthening financial inclusion for young project holders, supporting economic and social development, and channeling collective savings into new opportunities. This article examines the impact of crowdfunding on social entrepreneurship financing following the introduction of Law 15-18 in Morocco. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationships between crowdfunding, social entrepreneurship financing, and the newly introduced Moroccan regulations. The study was conducted with a sample of 200 Moroccan internet users. To draw valid conclusions, we adopted a methodological approach rooted in the postpositivist paradigm, using a hypothetical deductive approach where the hypotheses were derived from theory. Following this logic, we employed a quantitative approach based on structural equation modeling, explicitly using the LISREL method. By validating the research hypotheses, we demonstrated that crowdfunding, supported by Law No. 15-18, plays a crucial role in providing access to financing for social projects. Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, Crowdfunding, collaborative financing. Classification JEL : B55, C3, L31, F65, G23 Paper type: Empirical Research
An integrated approach for the investigation of the seismic behaviour of churches: the case study of St. Maria Maggiore in Tuscania

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The behaviour of historic masonry constructions under earthquake is strictly dependent on structure geometry and masonry morphology, whose precise representation influences the robustness of the seismic assessment. In this process, a crucial role is played by the structural survey. Within this framework, the paper proposes an integrated methodology for assessing the seismic safety of churches, from photogrammetric survey to collapse mechanisms analysis. As a first step, a photogrammetric survey, both aero-photogrammetric and on the ground, is carried out and a 3D model is obtained through structure from motion software. This model allows to derive geometrical details and blocks shape and arrangement, the latter obtained through a semi-automatic edge detection technique based on orthophotos processing. The resulting geometry of the building is therefore imported in the Distinct Element code UDEC. Finally, the local collapse mechanisms are analysed, both in terms of failure development and capacity curve, by applying an automatic push over algorithm. The proposed integrated procedure is performed to the Romanesque Church of St. Maria Maggiore in Tuscania - Italy.
European population policy in the twentieth century: is it relevant for Australia?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fertility in western Europe is now very low. This accelerates the ageing of the population, an effect which cannot be offset by any realistic level of immigration. Most couples are not restricting family size because they want to be childless or because they prefer one-child families; most would like to have two children. But economic insecurity and the problems women experience in combining paid work and motherhood prevent them from doing this. Policies in Sweden have reduced economic insecurity for families and have made it easier for women to participate in the labour force and to have children. These policies have raised fertility. In contrast, Italy has let events take their course and average family size there has fallen to 1.2 children. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
314 DOI: 10.1309/GUHKGAJEJ72CEAL7 © American Society for Clinical Pathology Hematopathology / FLOW CYTOMETRY OF ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report our experience with flow cytometric (FC) analysis of 29 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Morphologic analysis of processed cytocentrifuged preparations demonstrated neoplastic cells in 28 cases. In 25 of these, an aberrant lymphoid population was detected by FC analysis. The majority showed high orthogonal light scatter, similar to monocytes or granulocytes. Of the antigens CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD7, 5 cases expressed 1, 8 expressed 2, 6 expressed 3, 3 expressed 4, and 3 expressed all 5. CD4 was expressed most commonly (20/25 [80%]), followed by CD2 (18/25 [72%]), CD3 (10/25 [40%]), and CD5 and CD7 (8/25 [32%] each). CD45 was expressed in 23 of 25 cases and CD13 in 7 of 9. Of 21 cases, 13 were anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+, all
An Alternative Role for Acetylenes: Activation of Fluorobenzenes toward Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Acetylenes are increasingly versatile functional groups for a range of complexity-building organic transformations and for the construction of desirable molecular architectures. Herein we disclose a previously underappreciated aspect of arylacetylene reactivity by utilizing alkynes as electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) for promoting nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)Ar) reactions. Reaction rates for the substitution of 4-(fluoroethynyl)benzenes by p-cresol were determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and these rate data were used to determine substituent (Hammett) constants for terminal and substituted ethynyl groups. The synthetic scope of acetylene-activated S(N)Ar reactions is broad; fluoroarenes bearing one or two ethynyl groups undergo high-yielding substitution with a variety of oxygen and arylamine nucleophiles.
Abstract 492: Circulating Hydrogen Sulfide is Stored as Labile Sulfurs in Albumin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Despite several methods to measure H 2 S, physiological H 2 S serum concentrations remain highly variable and method-dependent. While modifying the classic methylene blue (MB) method to improve detection of serum H 2 S levels, we also probed potential sulfur-binding characteristics of serum albumin. To avoid loss of serum H 2 S and to trap sulfide ions effectively in the MB method serum was strongly alkalized to completely ionize gaseous H 2 S, followed by incubation with zinc acetate at 37°C, to trap sulfide ions effectively. After incubation, N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine and FeCl 3 were added to form MB product. Subsequently, trichloroacetic acid was added to remove matrix effects. Absorbance of MB product was at 670nm and compared to a dilution range of NaHS. Spectra (400-900nm) were taken to check quality of MB product and exclude matrix effects. Adaptations in experimental setup are mentioned below. Applying the modified MB method produced the unexpected finding that yield of serum H 2 S increases with higher pH and longer incubation time. H 2 S synthesizing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine -lyase were both ruled out as sources of serum H 2 S by separately treating serum with their respective inhibitors hydroxylamine and DL-propargylglycine. Human serum protein standard containing only albumin and -globulin, or pure bovine serum albumin (BSA), also yielded H 2 S. Albumin was confirmed as source of H 2 S by absence of increasing H 2 S yield from analbuminemic rat serum, as compared to normal rat serum. That yield of H 2 S increased at least twofold after treating both BSA and human serum with dithiolthreitol (DTT), a disulphide reducer, and close correlation between albumin level and yield of H 2 S during DTT incubation (r 2 =0.99), both suggest H 2 S storage in albumin as “labile sulphurs”. The modified MB method allows measurement of release of H 2 S from albumin. Treating albumin with a disulphide reducer revealed H 2 S storage in albumin as sulfanes. Our work is consistent with suggestions that circulating 'pools' of biologically relevant sulfur/sulfide species exist. Thus, albumin may be a source of H 2 S, as has been observed for NO. How this is affected by disease states (e.g. chronic renal failure) remains to be seen.
Prognostic value of Serum C-Reactive Protein in Malaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: C-Reactive protein is known as a marker of morbidity and mortality in malaria. It correlates closely with other complications in malaria and can be used to predict severity. Thus, measurement of CRP can be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of severe malaria. However, studies regarding CRP in malaria are very rare from India. Aims & objectives: The present study aimed to study CRP levels in patients with malarial infection and to find out the usefulness of CRP in assessment of disease severity. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 50 patients with malarial infection, of them 29 were Plasmodium falciparum, 21 were P. vivax-infected and no patient found with dual infection in our study. Out of 50 patients, 17 patients required admission for various reasons and of them 5 patients died. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in all the patients. Percentage parasitemia, platelet count and Liver function tests were measured on the day of admission. Statistical tests included were Students t-test, chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Serum C-reactive protein concentration was significantly elevated in all the malaria patients and it was significantly higher (P<0.01) in Plasmodium falciparum (28.81 10.91 mg/L) as compared to P. Vivax malaria (15.91 8.73 mg/L ). Admitted patients had higher CRP levels (47.80 12.73 mg/L) compared to patients treated on OPD basis (24.14 12.17 mg/L) (P < 0.0001). Also CRP levels were higher in patients with multiple complications and in the patients who died compared to survivors. A significant positive correlation was found between serum CRP and percentage parasitemia, serum bilirubin, serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase in P. falciparum infected patients but not in P. Vivax. Conclusion: There is significant increase in C-reactive protein in malaria infected patients and can be considered a cost - effective and reliable tool in assessment of prognosis in malaria.
Tainted Commons, Public Health: The Politico–Moral Significance of Cholera in Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In October 2007, a series of cholera epidemics broke out in Hanoi, interrupting a moment of economic triumphalism in post‐transition Vietnam. In seeking the source of a refractory disease associated with poverty and underdevelopment, officials, media, and citizens not only identified scapegoats and proposed solutions, they also endorsed particular visions of moral conduct, social order, and public health. Controversy over cholera, a potent politico–moral symbol, expressed an imaginary of “tainted commons” (i.e., an emergent space of civil society and small‐scale entrepreneurship from which the state has partially withdrawn, while still exercising some measure of scrutiny and control). The ambiguities of this situation permitted the state to assume moral postures, evade responsibility, and deflect criticism to convenient targets. Prevalent outbreak narratives thus played on anxieties regarding specifically classed and gendered social groups, whose behavior was imagined to contravene ideals of public health and order.