jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of diesel engine operating and injection system parameters for low noise, emissions, and fuel consumption using Taguchi methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to optimize the performance of a small direct injection (DI) diesel engine with respect to noise, emissions, and fuel economy, an experimental investigation was undertaken using Taguchi methods. A single-cylinder 3.5 kW diesel engine was selected for performance tests at different levels of two operating parameters (speed and load) and six injection parameters of the engine (static injection timing, plunger diameter, nozzle valve opening pressure, nozzle hole diameter, number of nozzle holes, and nozzle tip protrusion). These controlled parameters were varied at two levels, and the resulting changes in responses were investigated, namely engine noise, combustion noise, smoke, brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.), and emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), and carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated. The optimum values of engine noise, combustion noise, smoke, emissions, and b.s.f.c. could be predicted using signal-noise ( S/N) ratios, and a relevant combination of controlled input parameters was specified. Results of confirmation runs of the engine showed good agreement with the predicted quantities of interest based on Taguchi analysis. The relative importance of the controlled parameters to the above responses was evaluated in terms of the percentage contributions of the parameters using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Taguchi method of experimental design was found to be robust and more cost effective for understanding the relationship between diesel engine parameters and noise, emissions, and b.s.f.c. than full factorial design.
Albumin-Induced Endocytic Vacuoles in Tetrahymena Pyrijormis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Exposure of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH 6 , to normal human or rabbit sera or mouse ascites fluids induces the formation of large cytoplasmic bodies. By electron microscopy these (LB) are observed to be membrane-bounded structures, generally spherical and varying in size (Fig. 1), which do not resemble the food vacuoles of cells grown in proteinaceous broth. The possibility exists that the large bodies represent endocytic vacuoles containing material concentrated from the highly nutritive proteins and lipoproteins of the sera or ascites fluids. Tetrahymena mixed with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin solutions having about the same protein concentration (7g/100 ml) as serum form endocytic vacuoles which bear little resemblance to the serum-induced LB. The albumin-induced structures (Fig. 2) are irregular in shape, rarely spherical, and have contents which vary in density and consistency. In this paper an attempt is made to formulate the sequence of events which might occur in the formation of the albumin-induced vacuoles.
Archaeology and the Historical Determinants of Punctuation in Language-Family Origins

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract As the sole archaeologist writing in a publication dominated by linguists, I hope to encourage a two-way examination of information across the two disciplines. Archaeologists and linguists are able to focus on the reasons for existence of large scale and widely distributed aspects of human variation, especially major complexes of archaeological material culture and major language families/ subgroups. The view taken in this chapter is that such large-scale entities track the evolution of ancestral configurations through processes of both genetic differentiation and contact-induced change. In simple terms, genetic differentiation requires dispersal from a homeland region. Contact-induced change cuts across the lines of genetic differentiation to impose significant aspects of regionality on the cultural pattern.
Virtual reference view generation for CBIR-based visual pose estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Determining the pose of a mobile device based on visual information is a promising approach to solve the indoor localization problem. We present an approach that transforms localized images along a mapping trajectory into virtual viewpoints that cover a set of densely sampled camera positions and orientations in a confined environment. The viewpoints are represented by their respective bag-of-features vectors and image retrieval techniques are applied to determine the most likely pose of query images at very low computational complexity. As virtual image locations and orientations are decoupled from actual image locations, the system is able to work with sparse reference imagery and copes well with perspective distortion. Experiments confirm that pose retrieval performance is significantly improved.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIL CATEGORY IN JAPANESE AND UZBEKI LANGUAGES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, we will try to study the Japanese and Uzbek languages definition of inclination, history of study of the inclination category, and problematic situations. The problems of the internal system of the language have been thoroughly studied until the present period of the development of the science of linguistics. It can be easily observed that the studied phenomena are of great importance both in general linguistics and in specific linguistics.
Automatic Calibration Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Modules in MIMO Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a method for designing and calibrating a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna module. Herein, we adopt a design example involving a 64-element MIMO antenna array arranged in a triangular lattice (instead of the commonly used rectangular lattice) to achieve a 3°dB enhancement in effective isotropic radiated power. Analyzing a grating lobe diagram indicates a scan volume of ±60°/±45° in the azimuth/elevation direction. To calibrate the massive mm-wave MIMO antenna module, we propose a modified genetic algorithm to align the amplitude/phase of the transmitting/receiving signal of the module to reduce the time required for the calibration process. Finally, we conducted a simple experiment to validate the proposed method.
African states call for ban on tobacco advertising

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

African and Asian states have attacked the current draft of the international tobacco treaty for being too weak and last week tabled new tougher proposals for the next round of negotiations in November. The strength of the developing countries' positions—which contrasted sharply with those of the industrialised countries—has surprised some anti-tobacco campaigners.

Even Zimbabwe and Malawi, which rank sixth and …
On the Model of Isothermal Acoustics for a Two-Component Medium

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical model describing the processes of isothermal acoustics in a heterogeneous medium with two components separated by a common boundary is studied. One of the components is an elastic body, and the other one is a poroelastic medium (for example, it may be a liquid-saturated soil). The poroelastic medium is permeated with a system of pores filled with viscous weakly compressible liquid. The differential equations of the model describing the motion of an elastic body and the joint motion of a solid skeleton and liquid in the pores are based on the classical laws of continuous medium mechanics and adequately reflect the physical processes. However, these equations contain rapidly oscillating coefficients that depend on a small parameter equal to the ratio of the mean pore size to the size of the region under study. The existence of such coefficients prevents the use of the model for carrying out numerical calculations. The generalized solution of the initial boundary-value problem is given; and the theorem for existence and uniqueness of the generalized solution is presented together with its a priori estimates. For performing the homogenization procedure, the standard assumption about the periodicity of the pore space and solid skeleton is adopted. The obtained a priori estimates and the N. Nguetseng's two-scale convergence method were used as a basis for deriving the averaged equations and the initial boundary conditions (that is, the limit equations with the small parameter tending to zero). Different limiting modes depending on the continuous medium parameters are obtained. An averaged model for a special case that does not contain rapidly oscillating coefficients and can be used for numerical calculations is presented.
An Inquiry Into the Chilling Effects of Stringent Little Hatch Act Prohibitions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined ways that differences in state political-activity laws affect the political attitudes and reported behavior of state-level public administrators. It included officials employed in Pennsylvania, which has restrictive laws, and New Jersey, which has generally permissive statutes. Compared with New Jersey’s employees, Pennsylvania’s were less knowledgeable about their state laws, less politically active, and less satisfied with their activity. However, the Pennsylvania workers were no less inclined to engage in permissible activities. These findings cast doubt upon the “chilling effects” argument that strict laws prompt government employees to develop apolitical tendencies. Nonetheless, they do raise concerns about the stifling effects of the statutes.
Navigating Spatial Inequities in Freight Truck Crash Severity via Counterfactual Inference in Los Angeles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Freight truck-related crashes pose significant challenges, leading to substantial economic losses, injuries, and fatalities, with pronounced spatial disparities across different regions. This study adopts a transport geography perspective to examine spatial justice concerns by employing deep counterfactual inference models to analyze how socioeconomic disparities, road infrastructure, and environmental conditions influence the geographical distribution and severity of freight truck crashes. By integrating road network datasets, socioeconomic attributes, and crash records from the Los Angeles metropolitan area, this research provides a nuanced spatial analysis of how different communities are disproportionately impacted. The results reveal significant spatial disparities in crash severity across areas with varying population densities, income levels, and minority populations, highlighting the pivotal role of infrastructural and environmental improvements in mitigating these disparities. The findings offer insights into targeted, location-specific policy interventions, suggesting enhancements in road infrastructure, lighting, and traffic control systems, particularly in low-income and minority-concentrated areas. This research contributes to the literature on transport geography and spatial equity by providing data-driven insights into effective measures for reducing spatial injustices associated with freight truck-related crashes.
An Interest Management in Large-Scale Analytic Simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using interest management, a lot of irrelevant dada can be reduced during transmission from the publishers to subscribers. This paper proposes to examine this question with the aim of efficiency and scalability of the transmission on how to design a spatial-based approach which combines dynamic quad-tree and sort list, and predicate logic-based approach in large-scale analytic simulation. For analytic simulation of military operation, the interests regions of the spatial entities are formulated as circles or rectangles, and how to predict the entry time and exit time of the regions is studied in detail.
Long-term reliability evaluation of power semiconductor devices used in substation rectifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To enable evaluation of the long-term reliability of power semiconductor devices used in commercial substations, this paper presents the failure rate of such devices in practical use. Recovery activation energies are also evaluated on the basis of annealing and bias stress test. Degraded devices are disassembled and examined. In some of them, melting and defects at the silicon chip edge caused a large leakage current. It is also found that the leakage current spectrum is strongly related to breakdown voltage degradation. A novel monitoring method using the leakage current spectrum is proposed here for the first time.
Integrated Kinematic and Dynamic Optimal Design of Flexible Planar Mechanisms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The following describes a new integrated approach to the problem of designing high speed mechanisms. Employing a nonlinear programming formulation, it allows both the kinematic parameters and the link cross sections to vary while simultaneously bounding trajectory accuracy and minimizing the disturbing force on the ground. Furthermore, link stresses are bounded to limits imposed by the designer. The technique is capable of taking into account the complex coupling which exists between kinematic and dynamic characteristics in flexible mechanisms to determine linkage parameters which best satisfy a given set of design requirements. A path synthesis problem is used to illustrate the technique.
X-Ray Diffraction Study on Microstructure of Li2O-TeO2 Glasses.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Li2O-TeO2系ガラスは, 密度, 屈折率および誘電率の大きな物質で, 赤外線透過率の高い材料としても知られており, 最近ではこのガラス系を通信用材料として利用することに多くの関心が集まっている. しかし, 材料設計する上で必要となるそのガラス構造については分光学的観測に基づく解析のみで, 回折法により詳細に解析された例は見当たらない. そこで, 15mol%Li2・85mol%TeO2および25mol%Li2・75mo1%TeO2の2種のガラスを試料とし, それらの短範囲構造をX線回折法により解析した. 得られた動径分布関数の解釈にあたっては, 強度比較法に基づいて考察し, 以下の結論を得た. (1) アルカリテルライトガラスにおいて酸素が四配位したTeO4三方両錐体の結合の中には,0.18nm程度の短い結合と0.20nm程度の長い結合の2種類が存在する. (2) 網目構造を形成する単位としては, TeO4 (三方両錐体) および酸素が三配位したTeO3 (三方錐体) があり, Li2の添加量の増加に伴い,TeO4(三方両錐体)から非架橋酸素を含む多面体を経てTeO3 (三方錐体) へと移行すると考えられる. (3) Te原子上の孤立電子対は, ガラスの網目構造を形成する上で個々の結合には関与していない.
The Influence of Local Indonesian Culture on Metaphorical Expressions on the Remark of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia on the Celebration of the 55th ASEAN Anniversary Jakarta 8 August 2022

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Indonesia is the biggest archipelago country in the world. As the largest archipelagic country in the world, Indonesia has a variety of regional languages, all of which are regional languages ​​that must be developed for its sustainability. In addition to building the preservation of regional languages, the task of preserving not only the Government but also all components of the nation must work hand in hand in preserving it, along with the incessant influx of foreign cultures coming from abroad. because of the world's free trade, especially in ASEAN. The writing of this research theme is considered important because of the importance of language culture in the world of communication, especially in expressing a political statement delivered by a Minister of Foreign Affairs at the level of Minister of Foreign Affairs in the field of state politics. As a country that has influence in its culture and language, Indonesian is also able to influence English, even though the percentage is small, but it is felt necessary that one day Indonesian will become a serious competitor to English in the world, so the author feels the need to review the influence of Indonesian. towards the English language, especially in relation to its metaphorical culture. This study uses a qualitative method. The data used comes from or is obtained through interviews, field notes, personal notes and other official documents. Keywords: Culture, idiomatic expression, metaphor.
On Stability of C*-algebras

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let A be a oe-unital C*-algebra, i.e. A admits a countable approximate unit. It is proved that A is stable, i.e. A is isomorphic to A\\Omega K where K is the algebra of compact operators on a separable Hilbert space, if and only if for each positive element a 2 A and each &quot; ? 0 there exists a positive element b 2 A such that kabk ! &quot; and x x = a, xx = b for some x in A. Using this characterization it is proved among other things that the inductive limit of any sequence of oe-unital stable C -algebras is stable, and that the crossed product of a oe-unital stable C -algebra by a discrete group is again stable.
Legacy to S4 Latest Changes Best Practices: End User Perspective-PART 2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SAP This article explains all changes made at the level of transactions between SAP ECC 6.0 (Classical Finance) and SAP S/4 HANA Finance.In summary, all existing transactions in SAP ECC 6.0 have been tested in SAP S/4 HANA Finance. All modified, removed or new transactions impacting end-users have been identified documented and gather in this article. When relevant, an "AS-IS" and "TO BE", illustrating the change, has been incorporated. It is organized by function, the impacted transactions, the type of change and global roles assigned to these transactions. The aim of this article is to support the knowledge transfer to support organization and end-users of these changes during the transition period until S/4 HANA Finance is fully adopted and becomes the new ways of working. Additional material has been created to support Knowledge Transfer to technical teams and End-users and is published to support the transition period.
Spatial occurrence records and distributions of tropical Asian butterflies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insect biogeography is poorly documented globally, particularly in the tropics. Recent intensive research in tropical Asia, combined with increasingly available records from citizen science, provides an opportunity to map the distributions of tropical Asian butterflies. We compiled a dataset of 724,247 occurrences of 3,591 tropical Asian butterfly species by aggregating records from GBIF (651,285 records), published literature (21,271), published databases (37,695), and unpublished data (13,993). Here, we present this dataset and single-species distribution maps of 1,520 species. Using these maps, along with records of the 2,071 remaining species, we identified areas of limited sampling (e.g., the Philippines, Myanmar, and New Guinea) and predicted areas of high diversity (Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo). This dataset can be leveraged for a range of studies on Asian and tropical butterflies, including 1) species biogeography, 2) sampling prioritization to fill gaps, 3) biodiversity hotspot mapping, and 4) conservation evaluation and planning. We encourage the continued development of this dataset and the associated code as a tool for the conservation of tropical Asian insects.
A machine learning approach to itinerary-level booking prediction in competitive airline markets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Demand forecasting is extremely important in revenue management. After all,\nit is one of the inputs to an optimisation method which aim is to maximize\nrevenue. Most, if not all, forecasting methods use historical data to forecast\nthe future, disregarding the "why". In this paper, we combine data from\nmultiple sources, including competitor data, pricing, social media, safety and\nairline reviews. Next, we study five competitor pricing movements that, we\nhypothesize, affect customer behavior when presented a set of itineraries.\nUsing real airline data for ten different OD-pairs and by means of Extreme\nGradient Boosting, we show that customer behavior can be categorized into\nprice-sensitive, schedule-sensitive and comfort ODs. Through a simulation\nstudy, we show that this model produces forecasts that result in higher revenue\nthan traditional, time series forecasts.\n
A Psychological Study on the Contradictions of Female Characters in Ji-Young Gong’s Go Alone Like a Rhino’s Horn(1993)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본고는 ‘신데렐라 콤플렉스’로 이해되어온 『무소의 뿔처럼 혼자서 가라』(1993) 속 여성 인물들의 ‘봉건성’과 ‘의존성’을 여성에게 부과되는 양가적 도덕 가치 체계를 통해 재고한다. ‘신데렐라 콤플렉스’는 ‘충분한 여건과 역량’을 갖춘 ‘중산층 지식인 여성’으로 파악되는 작중 여성 인물들의 모순적 태도에 대한 설명으로서 제출된 후, 해당 작품에 대한 비평 및 연구에서 꾸준히 재생산되었다. 그러나 이는 아내이자 어머니로서 여성 인물들에게 주어진 삶과 그로 인해 그들에게 발생한 내외적 갈등을 고려하지 않는 것으로, 기실 이들의 정체성에서 ‘여성’이란 젠더를 소거한다.BR 여성들은 ‘독립’된 개인으로서의 선택을 종용하는 개인적 도덕과, 남성 지배 사회의 ‘여성다움’에 가반을 둔 여성적 도덕을 동시에 달성할 것을 요구받는다. 『무소의 뿔처럼 혼자서 가라』의 여성 인물들에게서 발견되는 모순적 태도는 그 두 도덕성을 오가는 과정에서 나타난다. 절망과 ‘교활함’, 수치와 ‘무모함’ 등으로 포착되는 이들의 모순성은 남성 지배 구조의 사회에서 ‘모욕’당하지 않는 삶을 유지하기 위한 여성으로서의 생존 방편이자, 여성 억압적인 도덕적 기준과 가치에 균열을 내는 기제로 기능한다.BR 기존의 독해는 『무소의 뿔처럼 혼자서 가라』의 여성 인물들이 보이는 모순성을 서사의 한계로 인식하였다. 하지만 그러한 독해에서 배제된 젠더를 다시 기입하여 읽어낼 때, 이들의 모순성은 남성 지배 사회에서 구축된 여성적 도덕과 개인적 도덕을 동시에 추구하는 과정에서 여성에게 발생되는 필연적 사건이자 두 도덕적 경계에 균열을 내는 움직임으로 새롭게 해석될 가능성을 갖는다. 그리고 이로써 『무소의 뿔처럼 혼자서 가라』는 여성의 현실을 적극적으로 반영한 작품으로 이해되며, 페미니즘 소설이란 명명에 적합한 의의를 확보할 수 있게 된다.
Anthropogenic activities change the relationship between microbial community taxonomic composition and functional attributes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Functional redundancy is considered common in microbial systems, but recent studies have challenged this idea. The mechanism for this contradictory result is not clear. However, in this study, we hypothesize that strong environmental filtering which links to the anthropogenic activities is able to weaken microbial functional redundancy. We used metagenome and 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing to investigate planktonic microbial communities in a subtropical river. We found that the weak anthropogenic activities might result in a low selection pressure in the river upstream area. Therefore, the microbial community functional attributes were stable although the community composition changed with the water temperature and NO 3 ‐N in upstream area (this indicates functional redundancy). However, the strong anthropogenic activities in river downstream area selected pollutant‐degraded functions (e.g. nitrogen metabolism, toluene, xylenes and ethylbenzene degradation) and potentially pollutant‐degraded (tolerant) microbes, and therefore caused the microbial community composition synchronously changed with the variation of community functional attributes. Our results reveal that strong environmental filtering which associates with the anthropogenic activities not only has effects on microbial community composition and community functional attributes but also on their relationships. These results provide a new insight to refine the functional redundancy idea.