jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of linezolid to replace kanamycin in the shorter MDR-TB regimen in case of hearing loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims and objectives: The standardized short treatment regimen (STR) is implemented in Niger to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) since 2008 with excellent outcomes. However, ototoxicity secondary to injectable is a concern and data on modified oral STR are limited. The aim of this study is to test if linezolid can replace the injectable. Both drugs have a similar mechanism of action and the use of linezolid in replacement of SLI may preserve bedaquiline as core-drug in a salvage regimen to treat possible failures and relapses. Linezolid is used only in the intensive phase to reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy and optic neuritis. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on a modified STR replacing kanamycin with linezolid (600 mg/d) in case of hearing loss (grade 1) at baseline or during treatment. WHO definitions were used for outcomes and adverse events were assessed according to French National Agency for Research on AIDS. Audiometry was performed bimonthly from 2016 to 2017 and monthly from 2018 onwards. Results: A total of 173 patients were treated with the STR for pulmonary MDR-TB from 2016 to June 2018. Among them, 22 (12.7%) had a modified STR, switching from kanamycin to linezolid during treatment (14) or starting with linezolid (8) because of hearing loss. Fourteen (63.6%) were males, 2 (9.1%) were HIV positive, the median age was 37.5 years (range 21-71) and the median BMI was 16.5 kg/m 2 (range 13-24.2). No patients had strains resistant to fluoroquinolones and/or injectables. The median time from treatment start to switch kanamycin to linezolid was 2 months (range 0-3) and the median duration of treatment with linezolid was 2 months (range 1-5). All patients had smear and culture conversion with a median and range of 1 month (1-6) and 2 months (2-4) respectively. Conclusions: A modified STR with linezolid may achieve high cure rates with manageable adverse events.
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin-Goltz) syndrome: an incidental finding

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is a rare condition characterised by skeletal abnormalities, odontogenic keratocysts and basal cell nevi. Diagnosis of this condition is based on major and minor clinical and radiological criteria. Oral medicine and radiology specialists are crucial in diagnosing this condition due to the oral and maxillofacial symptoms. However, conventional radiographs may not provide enough information for an accurate diagnosis, including the two-dimensional imaging modalities. Therefore, the importance of advanced digital imaging for diagnosis is highlighted in this case report of a male patient in his late 20s. The patient had missing teeth and asymptomatic multiple swelling in the orofacial region for 2 months. Routine clinical examination, radiographic investigations and histopathological evaluation led to incidental finding of multiple cystic lesions in the maxillary and mandibular region which on further evaluation led to the final diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.
Additional file 1 of The mediating roles of anthropo-metabolic biomarkers on the association between beverage consumption and breast cancer risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Beverage items used in the analysis. Table S2. Overview of genome-wide association study data. Table S3. Associations between beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer stratified by baseline age in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Table S4. Associations between beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer stratified by baseline menopausal status in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Table S5. Associations between beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer in 13,534 participants, excluding breast cancer or death events within the first year of follow-up in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Table S6. Associations between beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study by proportional subdistribution hazards regression. Table S7. Associations between beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study using four partially adjusted models. Table S8. Associations between beverage consumption and 16 baseline anthropo-metabolic markers in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Table S9. Mediation analysis with anthropo-metabolic markers as potential mediators for the association between beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Table S10. Summary information of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used as instrumental variables for beverage consumption in univariable Mendelian randomization. Table S11. Mendelian randomization estimates for the causal associations between sugar sweetened beverages consumption and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/negative breast cancer. Table S12. Mendelian randomization estimates for the causal associations between sugar sweetened beverages consumption and anthropo-metabolic biomarkers. Table S13. Mendelian randomization estimates for the causal associations between anthropo-metabolic biomarkers and overall breast cancer. Figure S1. Flow diagram of participants selection.
Commentary on “Building capable environments using practice leadership”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to present a conceptual viewpoint highlighting the utility of active support in implementing capable environments and to extend this by presenting a three-tiered preventative model of positive behavioural support (PBS) in UK health and social care. Design/methodology/approach Provision of a commentary on “Building capable environments using practice leadership” by Linda Hume, Nadia Khan and Martin Reilly. Findings Capable environments and active support should be key, universal and essential PBS tier one supports in UK health and social care. Training staff in Active Support and developing practice leadership help implement capable environments. Originality/value The three-tiered PBS model was recently proposed by Leitch et al. (2020) and is worthy of further debate and refinement with the involvement of stakeholders. It has several practical implications including refocussing efforts on early intervention to get tier one supports implemented effectively in recognition that PBS is much wider than intense tier three supports. It could reinforce and motivate existing providers of quality support and indicate where and how other providers can commence the process of implementing PBS. Future research could consider the effectiveness of applying implementation science to the field of learning disabilities and PBS in particular.
Dimensional reduction of a $10D, N=1 E_{(8)}$ over a modified flag manifold to Split NMSSM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We examine the Standard Model extension that emerges from the dimensional reduction of a $10D$, $\mathcal{N}=1$, $E_8$ gauge theory over the $M_4 \times SU(3)/U(1) \times U(1) \times \mathbf{Z}_3 $ space, resulting in a $4D$, $\mathcal{N}=1$, $SU(3)^3 \times U(1)^2$ theory. Below the unification scale, a Split NMSSM effective theory is obtained. At the 2-loop level, the masses of the third-generation quark and light Higgs are consistent with experimental limits, and the neutralino LSP mass is predicted to be $<800$~GeV.
Research on the ChaShou structure of the wooden architecture in East Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the basis of the research on wooden architecture in East Asia, this paper argues that the ChaShou in Central Plains do have structural significances in early periods. For example, in Wei and Jin Dynasties, ChaShou had been widely applied, and in Sui and Tang Dynasties it also became the main component to support the ridged purlin. Then with the development of constructional technology, ChaShou was gradually replaced by ridge-mounting timber. In addition, due to the cultural migration, the culture of ChaShou was successfully brought to eastward from China, both Korea and Japan also had a great influence from it.
Cyclone reduction of taconite. Final report

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A cyclone reactor system for the partial reduction and melting of taconite concentrate fines has been engineered, designed and operated. A non-transferred arc plasma torch was employed as a heat source. Taconite fines, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were fed axially into the reactor, while the plasma gas was introduced tangentially into the cyclone. The average reactor temperature was maintained at above 1400{degrees}C, and reduction experiments were performed under various conditions. The influence of the following parameters on the reduction of taconite was investigated experimentally; carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide inlet feed ratio, carbon monoxide inlet partial pressure, and average reactor temperature. The interactions of the graphite lining with carbon dioxide and taconite were also studied. An attempt was made to characterize the flow behavior of the molten product within the cyclone. The results suggest that the system may approach a plug flow reactor, with little back mixing. Finally, a fundamental mathematical model was developed. The model describes the flow dynamics of gases and solid particles in a cyclone reactor, energy exchange, mass transfer, and the chemical kinetics associated with cyclone smelting of taconite concentrate fines. The influence of the various parameters on the reduction and melting of taconite particles was evaluated theoretically.
Impact of single-use gloves on the five indications for hand hygiene

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Hand disinfection at the correct indications is generally considered to be one of the most important measures in the prevention of nosocomial infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the hygiene behaviour of healthcare workers, including an increased desire for self-protection, which is likely to have led to increased and inappropriate use of gloves as a substitute for hand disinfection. Aim To investigate the effect of glove use on hand hygiene compliance using the WHO Five Moments model. Methods Direct observations were made in one ICU, one IMC and one normal ward in a university hospital over a period of six months. For documentation, the WHO five moments model was extended to include glove use and contamination, and a measure of uncertainty to assess which moments could not be fully observed. Findings A total of 852 hand disinfection indications were observed. Overall compliance for all indications was 63% when uncertain or incomplete observations were included and 68% when only complete observations were considered. Gloves were worn in 32% of cases. The lowest compliance (40%) was observed before aseptic procedures, where gloves were frequently worn (77%) and frequently contaminated (24%). Glove use increased the risk to not perform a hand disinfection before an aseptic procedure (OR 4.97, CI95% 2.24; 12.48). Conclusion As both, indicated and non-indicated glove use influence hand hygiene compliance, observations of hand hygiene compliance should be extended to include observations of glove use. As glove use is frequent and often non-compliant before aseptic procedures, the most important indication for infection prevention, this phenomenon requires immediate attention from researchers and educators. When including incompletely observable hand hygiene moments hand disinfection compliance (HDC) was 5% points lower than HDC obtained by the classical WHO observation model.
Estimation of citrus yield from canopy spectral features determined by airborne hyperspectral imagery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hyperspectral imagery has become increasingly available in recent years and this has necessitated the evaluation of its potential for crop monitoring and precision agriculture applications. The potential of using airborne hyperspectral imagery to develop yield prediction models for citrus fruits was examined in this paper. Hyperspectral images in 72 visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (407–898 nm) were acquired over a citrus orchard in Japan by an Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications (AISA) Eagle system. The canopy spectral features of individual trees were identified using pixel-based average spectral reflectance values at various wavelengths from the acquired images, which were then used to develop yield prediction models. Yield prediction models were developed using three different techniques: (i) three commonly employed vegetation indices, i.e. the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), simple ratio (SR) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI); (ii) a few significant wavelengths; and (iii) partial least squares (PLS) regression factors. Greater prediction accuracy was obtained with PLS models than with the models based on NDVI, SR or PRI, or the significant wavelengths. PLS models showed a significant correlation between hyperspectral imagery data and actual citrus yield for data acquired in 2003 and 2004. These results confirmed the hypothesized correlation between canopy spectral features and citrus yield. This information is valuable for forecasting yields, planning harvest schedules and generating prescription maps for the application of tree-specific alternate bearing control measures and management practices.
P2‐002: AN INTEGRATED MECHANISTIC AMYLOID PATHWAY MODEL INFORMED BY CLINICAL BIOMARKER DATA FROM VERUBECESTAT AND OTHER BACE INHIBITORS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previous amyloid models have largely focused on empirically describing soluble CSF biomarkers from clinical programs or have integrated the biological steps of amyloid in theoretical models informed by literature values and/or animal data. In this analysis, the BACE inhibitor program at Merck was leveraged to fully inform an integrated mechanistic amyloid pathway model based on clinical data alone. Serial CSF biomarker data (Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPβ, Aβ oligomers (AβO), infused 13C leucine) collected in healthy volunteers or Alzheimers (AD) patients via lumbar catherization in 3 Phase I studies for verubecestat (MK-8931) and one Phase I study each for MK-8511 and MK-8277 were integrated into a single dataset. A mechanistic model describing the Aβ pathways in brain from precursor APP pool to monomeric forms and to aggregate forms was developed, including the transit to CSF (Figure 1). BACE inhibition was added as EMAX term acting on the initial cleavage step of APP. Plaque formation was added to the model as a slow build-up process from AβO. The model provided a good simultaneous description of all study results, needing only to account for different baseline levels in the studies as well as separate IC50 parameters for each compound (4.3, 9.7, 11.9 nM for MK-8931, MK-8277, and MK-8511). This suggests that the model captures the underlying system of pathways well. No significant differences in IC50 or EMAX between AD patients and healthy subjects were found in the analysis, and the extent of the inhibition (EMAX) approached 100 % (98 %). Oligomeric Aβ equilibrated rapidly with monomers, while plaque turnover was slow.
Structural Methods for the Exploration Geologist. By Peter C. Badgley xv + 280 pp., 328 text-figs. and 10 full page mosaic and overlapping air photographs. Harper and Brothers, New York, 1959 price 60s. - Subsurface Mapping by Margaret S. Bishop, ix + 198 pp. and 90 figs. John Wiley and Sons, New York and London, 1960, price 46s. - Elements of Cartography 2nd Edit, by Arthur H. Robinson, viii + 343 pp., 233 figs, and many tables. John Wiley and Sons, New York and London, price 70s.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Structural Methods for the Exploration Geologist. By Peter C. Badgley xv + 280 pp., 328 text-figs. and 10 full page mosaic and overlapping air photographs. Harper and Brothers, New York, 1959 price 60s. - Subsurface Mapping by Margaret S. Bishop, ix + 198 pp. and 90 figs. John Wiley and Sons, New York and London, 1960, price 46s. - Elements of Cartography 2nd Edit, by Arthur H. Robinson, viii + 343 pp., 233 figs, and many tables. John Wiley and Sons, New York and London, price 70s. - Volume 97 Issue 6
From Legal News to Law News

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a neutral concept, legal rule has no explicit value pursuit, while the value orientation of law news is very clear with democratic rights as its essential requirements. Accordingly, law news advocates more strongly on notions such as justice and fairness, and shows more concern on the right of ordinary individuals. The thesis therefore points out that in news theory and practice, it is a must to evolve from legal news to law news.
Protein design-scapes generated by microfluidic DNA assembly elucidate domain coupling in the bacterial histidine kinase CpxA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance DNA variant libraries allow unbiased analysis of sequence–function relationships. However, exhaustive combinatorial assemblies of even a modest number of parts produce libraries too large to practically screen. Library size can be reduced by manually blending parts to remove unwanted combinations, but this yields limited improvements and is difficult to scale. To address this challenge, we built a microfluidic hybrid valve–droplet device that selectively combines and assembles DNA parts into libraries of predefined composition with low bias. We use this system to construct and study a library of engineered histidine kinases, revealing how structural changes are communicated across adjacent domains to modulate kinase activity. Our method creates rationally reduced libraries and has applications in synthetic biology and protein engineering.
Using an Innovative Polishing Process to Fabricate Ultra-High Uniformity of Polymer Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Commonly used in forming high aspect ratio structures, thick-layer polymers generally differ in surface uniformity due to relatively higher viscosity. This problem would become even worse along with the increase of substrate diameter. Non-uniform coated photoresist surface would cause bonding failure and dimensional error in advanced three-dimensional packaging and WLP (wafer level packaging). Using traditional CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) to polish such a huge height deviation is time-consuming, high-cost and low-efficiency. This paper aims to provide an innovative polishing mechanism that is particularly suitable to polish wider height deviation in microstructures. Predominately in mechanical polishing force entails it surpassing CMP in MRR (material removal rate) by 300 times. The final experimental result indicates that the polishing rate could reach as fast as 20 um/min. Most importantly, the whole uniformity after polishing could be sharply decreased from 105plusmn3 mum (uniformity: 2.8%) to 95plusmn1 mum (uniformity: 1%). This proposed polishing mechanism could assist sticky polymers in precisely getting better uniformity so as to enhance packaging accuracy, reliability and yield.
Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica S.Kato WAB0035130

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica S.Kato
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: CK 90 3
Conserved by: Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Côte d'Ivoire
Local sample unique identifier: WAB0035130
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 1993
Other identifiers: n/a,CK 90 3
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
New Bleaching Methods for Paper Discussed before TAPPI

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew Bleaching Methods for Paper Discussed before TAPPIA STAFF REPORTCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1947, 25, 11, 766–767Publication Date (Print):March 17, 1947Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 17 March 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v025n011.p766Copyright © 1947 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (360 KB) SUBJECTS:Chlorine,Mixtures,Paper,Pulp Get e-Alerts
Reengineering of Production-the Basic Concept of the Development of Enterprise

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Reengineering of production is a process of continuous innovation and advancement of existing products, technologies, manufacturing processes and systems, and the survival of numerous manufacturing and business systems depend on the efficiency of their application. In the paper are spoken about reengineering and new manufacturing philosophy, it presents of competitive capability, simulations and expert systems application at reengineering.
Yafo (Jaffa), Qibbuẓ Galuyot Street

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During November 2002 a trial excavation was conducted on Qibbuz Galuyot Street in Yafo (Permit No. A-3769*; map ref. NIG 178545/662024; OIG 128545/162024). The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities Authority and financed by the Netiv&#275; Ayyalon Company, was directed by M. Ajami, assisted by D. Porotzki (surveying), Y. Nagar (physical anthropology) and A. Gorzalczany.