jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Exchange Reaction of Aminobenzoic Acid. II. Platinum catalyzed Hydrogen Exchange Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Platinum catalyzed hydrogen exchange reaction of ortho, meta, and para aminobenzoate with deuterium oxide was studied. Deuterium analysis was carried out by nuclea magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and the NMR spectra of aminobenzoic acids and their derivatives were examined to be assigned. All the ring protons of the aminobenzoates exchanged except those ortho to the carboxylate ion. It was observed that there were ortho activation to amino group and ortho deactivation to carboxyl group in the exchange reaction.
<title>Media processing using streams</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Media applications are characterized by large amounts of available parallelism, little data reuse, and a high computation to memory access ratio. While these characteristics are poorly matched to conventional microprocessor architectures, they are a good fit for modern VLSI technology with its high arithmetic capacity but limited global bandwidth. The stream programming model, in which an application is coded as streams of data records passing through computation kernels, exposes both parallelism and locality in media applications that can be exploited by VLSI architectures. The Imagine architecture supports the stream programming model by providing a bandwidth hierarchy tailored to the demands of media applications. Compared to a conventional scalar processor, Imagine reduces the global register and memory bandwidth required by typical applications by factors of 13 and 21 respectively. This bandwidth efficiency enables a single chip Imagine processor to achieve a peak performance of 16.2GFLOPS (single-precision floating point) and sustained performance of up to 8.5GFLOPS on media processing kernels.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Carbon Ring Enlargement by Rearrangement of Ammonium Halides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ChemInformVolume 20, Issue 37 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: One-Carbon Ring Enlargement by Rearrangement of Ammonium Halides. A. ELMASMODI, A. ELMASMODI Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorP. COTELLE, P. COTELLE Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. BARBRY, D. BARBRY Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorB. HASIAK, B. HASIAK Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. COUTURIER, D. COUTURIER Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this author A. ELMASMODI, A. ELMASMODI Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorP. COTELLE, P. COTELLE Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. BARBRY, D. BARBRY Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorB. HASIAK, B. HASIAK Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. COUTURIER, D. COUTURIER Lab. Synth. Org., Univ. Sci. Tech. de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 12, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198937263Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume20, Issue37September 12, 1989 RelatedInformation
Notholirion campanulatum is co-specific with N. bulbuliferum (Liliaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Notholirion campanulatum and N. bulbuliferum are parapatrically distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions, however, their relationship has been controversial for a long time. In this study, six morphological characters including colour of corolla/ovary/bulblet, corolla shape, tepal size, and pollen form, together with nuclear ITS and four cpDNA markers (matK, ndhA, ndhG-I, and petL-G) were selected to perform a comprehensive analysis on 23 populations. Our results indicate that morphological characters of N. campanulatum and N. bulbuliferum are congruent with each other, and the phylogenetic analysis revealed that N. campanulatum closely nested with N. bulbuliferum. Therefore, we propose that these two species should be regarded as synonyms.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICAGO SATIVA L. (ALFALFA) EXTRACTS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alfalfa, also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae.Antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of medicinal plant Medicago Sativa Leaves ,Root and Stem against clinical pathogen of human origin was find out.The antimicrobial activity of different solvents crude extract of Medicago Sativa plant root,stem and leaves was tested by disc diffusion and turbidity assay method against four bacterial pathogens E coli,S.typhi,K.pneumoniaeand S aureous.After the result it showed that the antibacterial activity of the medicago sativa extract were increased with the increasing concentration of the crude extracts and polarity of the solvents used for extraction.
Generalised Batho correction factor (radiotherapy dosimetry)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Webb and Fox product over layers formulation of the generalised Batho correction factor (see ibid., vol.25, p.225-40, 1980) requires determination of the number of layers and the layer densities for each ray path. It has been shown that the Webb and Fox expression is inefficient for the heterogeneous medium which is expressed as regions of inhomogeneity rather than layers. The inefficiency of the layer formulation is identified as the repeated problem of determining for each ray path which inhomogeneity region corresponds to a particular layer. It has been shown that the formulation of the Batho correction factor as a product over inhomogeneity regions avoids that difficult topological problem entirely. The formulation in terms of a product over regions simplifies the computer code and reduces the time required to calculate the Batho correction factor for the general heterogeneous medium.
Toxicity of dipterex: a field study.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study summarises historical surveillance data collected from 1977 to 1982 and the results of a field study conducted thereafter (1983-4) in a dipterex packing workshop. The findings suggest that both airborne dipterex and dermal contamination contribute to the inhibition of blood cholinesterase (ChE) and that cases of poisoning in hot seasons can be attributed mainly to dermal absorption. At a level of 0.5 mg/m3, dipterex is shown to lead to a mild but appreciable inhibition of ChE activity. The results also indicate that blood ChE monitoring was sensitive both for long term and short term exposed workers. As a result, the recommendation that the maximum allowable concentration for airborne exposure to dipterex be revised to 0.5 mg/m3, can be regarded at providing only for relative safety.
Combination of Biochar with N–Fertilizer Affects Properties of Soil and N2O emissions in Maize Crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One of the challenges of harnessing higher productivity levels and sustainability of agriculture related to N fertilization is in expanding soil N2O emissions, which has become a serious issue in recent years. Recent studies suggest that biochar may be the solution to this problem, but there is still a knowledge gap related to biochar application rates and its reapplication in Central Europe; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of biochar (initial application and reapplication in 2014 and 2018, respectively, at rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1) combined with N-fertilizer (N0—0 kg N ha−1; N1—108 kg N ha−1 and N2—162 kg N ha−1) during the growing season of maize in 2019 (warm temperature with normal precipitation) on the changes of soil properties and N2O emissions in the silty loam, Haplic Luvisol, in the temperate climate of Slovakia. The results showed that the application and reapplication of biochar proved to be an excellent tool for increasing soil pH (in the range 7–13%), soil organic carbon—Corg (2–212%), and reducing the soil’s NH4+ (41–69%); however, there were more pronounced positive effects when biochar was combined with N-fertilizer at the higher level (N2). The same effects were found in the case of N2O emissions (reduction in the range 33–83%). Biochar applied without N-fertilizer and combined with the higher fertilizer level had a suppressive effect on N2O emissions. Biochar did not have any effect on maize yield in 2019.
Interface dosimetry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of an article in the March 1966 issue of this Journal (Dutreix and Bernard, 1966) has brought to light an error of translation that appears to have gone unnoticed. Effectively the article summarizes in English work on interface dosimetry carried out at the Institut G. Roussy, Villejuif, France, and previously published in French in a number of articles, viz: Dutreix et al. (1962), Dutreix et al. (1964), and Dutreix and Bernard (1965). Briefly, the authors made ionization measurements in the vicinity of a carbon/metal interface irradiated by γ rays from 60Co and X rays in the energy range 10 MV to 20 MV.
Analysis of Recently Discovered Late - Koryŏ Civil Service Examination Answer Sheets ( 對策文)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The state examination system was extremely important in both the Yuan dynasty and the Koryŏ kingdom as a means to select men for official government positions. Recently discovered answer sheets from the period provide insight into problems confronting those societies, and the answers reveal both the erudition and the realism of the examination passers. The examinations sought men superior in literary culture, etiquette, and rhetoric, and those who excelled in knowledge of the Confucian Classics. They helped develop a common culture unifying Yuan China and Koryŏ Korea intellectually and culturally.
Revision of Structures of Nellionol and Dehydronellionol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The structures of nellionol and dehydronellionol were revised respectively to 6α,11,12,16-tetrahydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (12) and 6,11,12,16-tetrahydroxyabieta-5,8,11,13-tetraen-7-one (13) by the following syntheses. A mixture of (15R)- and (15S)-12-methoxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-16-ol, prepared from 13-acetyl-12-methoxypodocarpa-8,11,13-triene, was converted into 11,12,16-triacetoxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (22) via 16-acetoxy-12-benzoyloxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-11-ol. Treatment of 22 with isopropenyl acetate, followed by oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid and subsequent acetylation, afforded 6α, 11,12,16-tetraacetoxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one, which was hydrolyzed with dilute hydrochloric acid to 12. The ketone 22 was also converted into 13 via 11,12,16-triacetoxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-6-one. The spectral data of 12 and 13 were in good agreement with those of natural nellionol and dehydronellionol.
Generalized Predictive Control Of Batch Polymerization Reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the application of a model predictive controller to the problem of batch reactor temperature control. Although a great deal of work has been done to improve reactor throughput using batch sequence control, the control of the actual reactor temperature remains a difficult problem for many operators of these processes. Temperature control is important as many chemical reactions are sensitive to temperature for formation of desired products. This controller consist of two part (1) a nonlinear control method GLC (Global Linearizing Control) to create a linear model of system and (2) a Model predictive controller used to obtain optimal input control sequence. The temperature of reactor is tuned to track a predetermined temperature trajectory that applied to the batch reactor. To do so two input signals, electrical powers and the flow of coolant in the coil are used. Simulation results show that the proposed controller has a remarkable performance for tracking reference trajectory while at the same time it is robust against noise imposed to system output.
Service Quality (SERVQUAL) Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence from Bank Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine how much influence service quality dimensions have on customers' satisfaction who use BRI services. The model used in this study is observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study using a Likert scale. The method of determining the sample used is 96 respondents. The analytical method used is the multi-linear regression method. The results of this study indicate that all variables are simultaneously serviced quality dimensions consisting of Tangible (X1), Reliability (X2), Responsiveness (X3), Assurance (X4), and Empathy (X5) together have a positive influence. Partially found services consisting of Tangible, Reliability, and Empathy have a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. At the same time, the quality of service which consists of Responsiveness and Assurance is not supported. Service quality is a critical aspect to satisfying the customers and retaining their loyalty, so they continue to buy from you in the future. Service quality is a comparison of customer expectation and the actual delivery of service. Service quality generally refers to a customer's comparison of service expectations related to a company's performance. A business with a high level of service quality is likely capable of meeting customer needs while also remaining economically competitive in their respective industry.
The Constitutionalization of the Civil State: The Self-Definition of Egypt, Tunisia and Yemen Following the Arab Uprisings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper offers a contextualized analysis of the way in which three Islamic constitutions—in Egypt (2014/2019), Tunisia (2014), and Yemen (2015)—came to a similar self-declaration of a “civil state” (dawla madaniyya), following the Arab uprisings. This self-expressive proclamation, which did not exist in their former constitutions, nor in any other constitution worldwide, is the product of the ongoing internal struggles of Muslim societies over the definition of their collectivity between conservatism and modernity, religiosity and secularism. In Egypt, the self-definition of a civil state enshrines the one-sided narrative of the June 2013 coup regime and the Armed Forces’ intrusive move into the field of state–religion relations; in Tunisia, the constitutionalization of the civil state reflects a settlement between Islamists and non-Islamists regarding the role of Islam in politics and legislation; in Yemen, it expresses an aspiration of detribalization and modernization within an Islamic model of statehood. The paper further seeks to trace the path of migration of this idea from one country to another, and the interconnectedness between the three cases, while pointing out possible implications on future constitution making in other Muslim countries.
On the monotonicity of non-local perimeter of convex bodies

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Under mild assumptions on the kernel $K\ge0$, the non-local $K$-perimeter $P_K$ satisfies the monotonicity property on nested convex bodies; i.e.\ if $A\subset B\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ are two convex bodies, then $P_K(A)\le P_K(B)$. In this note, we prove quantitative lower bounds on the difference of the $K$-perimeters of $A$ and $B$ in terms of their Hausdorff distance, provided that $K$ satisfies suitable symmetry properties.
New Stability Criterion for Fixed-Point State-Space Digital Filters With Generalized Overflow Arithmetic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this brief, a new criterion for the global asymptotic stability of fixed-point state-space digital filters using generalized saturation arithmetic is presented. Compared with some existing results, a distinct feature of the proposed criterion is that it can include the existing results as special cases or be less restrictive than them. Two examples are given to show this improvement over the existing conditions.
Efficacy and safety of tirofiban in patients with acute branch atheromatous disease-related stroke (BRANT): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Branch atheromatous disease (BAD)-related stroke is increasingly becoming a clinical entity and prone to early neurological deterioration (END) and poor prognosis. There are no effective regimens to reduce the disability caused by BAD-related stroke in acute phase. Recent studies have indicated the efficacy of tirofiban in acute ischaemic stroke; however, its efficacy has not been validated in patients with BAD-related stroke. Thus, we aim to test whether intravenous tirofiban initiated within 48 hours after the onset would improve the functional outcome in patients with acute BAD-related stroke, in comparison with the standard antiplatelet therapy based on the current guideline. Methods and analysis BRANT is a multicentre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-controlled, phase III trial conducted in 21 hospitals in China. Participants aged 18–75 years with acute BAD-related stroke within 48 hours after the stroke onset are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the tirofiban or control group. The treatment period is 48 hours in both groups. The primary outcome is the excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale Score: 0–1) at 90 days. The secondary outcomes include END, major bleeding, stroke, death, functional status, serious adverse events and change in bleeding-related markers. Assuming the rates of the primary outcome to be 74% in the tirofiban group and 62% in the control group, a total of 516 participants are needed for 0.8 power (two-sided 0.05 alpha). Ethics and dissemination BRANT study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (I-23PJ1242). Written informed consent is required for all the patients before enrolment. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT06037889 ).
Operation experiences of the bunch-by-bunch feedback system for TLS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Severe multi-bunch instabilities have deteriorated the performance of Taiwan light source (TLS) during the operation since SRF system upgrade in 2004. FPGA-based bunch-by-bunch feedback system was commissioning during late 2005 and early 2006. Multi-bunch instabilities in both transverse and longitudinal are damped effectively. Delivery up to 400 mA stored beam was demonstrated. Transverse feedback system makes low chromaticity operation possible; this is very helpful to improve injection efficiency which is essential for routine top-up operation. Operation experiences of the bunch-by-bunch feedback system will be summarized in this report.
Biomarker utility for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with viral hepatitis C and B

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundThere is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers for hepatocellular-carcinoma (HCC) patients who cannot be diagnosed early as in very small lesions and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative HCC reported in 40% of HCC cases.ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic efficacy of AFP, lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP fraction (AFP-L3), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and glypican-3 (GPC3) either alone or in combination and the diagnostic efficacy of the GALAD score [sex (G) and age (A), AFP-L3 (L), AFP (A), and DCP (D)] for early detection of HCC among Egyptian patients with virus-related liver cirrhosis, either hepatitis C or -B viruses.Patients and methodsThis case–control study was conducted on 90 patients that were divided equally into three groups: liver cirrhosis (GI), HCC less than 3 cm (GII), and HCC 3–5 cm (GIII). Assay of AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, and GPC3 was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GALAD score was calculated.ResultsThe diagnostic value of AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, GALAD, and GPC3 markers to detect HCC lesions less than 3 cm was assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, which was 0.74, 0.8, 0.75, 0.71, and 0.8, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for AFP (86.2%, 93.1%), AFP-L3 (97.2%, 95.4%), DCP (93.4%, 86.2%), GALAD (87.2%, 96.2%), and GPC3 (83.6%, 91.4%). On different combinations, the area under the curve was 0.5 with 100% sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionSerum biomarkers AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, and GPC3 complement each other and demonstrated the best performance for early HCC detection.
Therapeutic targeting in breast cancer for the treatment of lymph node metastasis: PTPN7.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastasis is the major cause of death from cancer (1); metastasis to the lymph nodes in breast cancer is dangerous, relatively common, and in one study ranged from 10-60% based on molecular subtype (2-4). We predict therapeutic index is intrinsically linked to differential expression which can be comprehensively and blindly determined using whole transcriptome data (5). We pioneered understanding of metastasis to the lymph nodes as an intermediate biological and anatomical counterpart to the CNS metastasis in humans (6-12). Here we utilize whole transcriptome technologies (13, 14) to measure total transcription in the lymph node metastases and primary tumors of humans with breast cancer for discovery and insight into clonal evolution through disease progression. We identify here a therapeutic target based on its differential expression and up-regulation upon metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with breast cancer, PTPN7, as a candidate therapeutic target for the medical management of lymph node metastasis.
Investigation of range-gated imaging in scattering environments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate range-gated imaging in scattering environments. Experiments were carried out in a fog chamber with different fog densities using a range-gated imaging system based on 532-nm laser illumination and an intensified charge-coupled device camera. The laser pulse width and the sensor exposure time were in the range of 500 ps. For the analysis of the impact of scattering environment on the depth resolution capability of the imaging systems, the Lissajous eye pattern method was applied. These analyses gave experimental evidence of the reduction of depth accuracy in the presence of scattering media. Further, the experimental data were compared to three-dimensional reconstruction using the least-square curve-fitting method.