jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P056: Adolescent Self-Reported School Environment and Obesity Prevalence, the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Childhood obesity continues be a major public health concern in the United States, and disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities and children of lower socioeconomic status. Social environments such as schools are particularly influential in shaping child and adolescent health, and represent an important target for interventions to improve health behaviors. Positive school environments, those that are safe, supportive, respectful, and engaging, have been shown to be associated with adolescent health behaviors; however, few studies have examined whether a positive school climate can influence physical health, such as obesity status. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adolescents’ self-reported positive school environment would be associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in a disadvantaged population and that this association may differ by sex. Methods: Data were from the sixth wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a cohort of children born between 1998 and 2000, approximately two-thirds of whom were born to unmarried parents. Adolescents were, on average, 15 years of age at the time of the assessment and had height and weight measured during a home visit. Positive school environment was operationalized using adolescent self-reported responses to survey questions examining school connectedness, school climate (teacher quality and student behavior towards teachers), and presence of bullying behaviors in the past month. A cumulative school environment score was created, ranging from zero to five, with a score of four or five defined as a positive school environment (i.e. high levels of connectedness, positive climate, and no bullying). The final analytic sample size was 1,044 adolescents. Log binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios for obesity. Results: Twenty-six percent of the sample was obese, and 45% reported a positive school environment. Crude and adjusted models were similar. After adjustment for race/ethnicity, parent marital status at first wave, and student receipt of free lunch, there did not appear to be an association between positive school environment and prevalence of obesity among boys (PR: 1.1; (0.8, 1.4)). Among girls, there was a slight inverse association between positive school environment and prevalence of obesity (PR: 0.8; (0.6, 1.1)), however this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Results suggest that a more positive school environment could be associated with a lower prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls in a high-risk population. However, because of the cross-sectional nature of this analysis, results should be interpreted with caution, as temporality cannot be established. Future work should explore the use of validated measures of school environment to improve measurement and explore whether interactions exist between school environment and adolescents’ sex.
Heat Treatment Development for Rapidly Solidified Heat Resistant Cast Al-Si Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Current heat treatment standards do not adequately define tempers for thin-walled castings that solidify at high rates. Emerging casting processes, such as vacuum high-pressure die casting, benefit from rapid solidification rates, which result in fine microstructures and reduce the need for prolonged solution treatment times. Studies on rapidly solidified samples with secondary dendrite arm spacing between 35-10 μm were conducted, with solution times ranging from 30 minutes to 9 hours, and various aging parameters were evaluated. Metallurgical analysis revealed that increased microstructure refinement could reduce solution time by up to 50% without compromising the alloy’s mechanical properties. The highest strengths, with an ultimate tensile strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi), were achieved under T6 peak aging conditions. Additionally, thermal analysis and dilatometer results are presented to evaluate phase dissolution during solution treatment, aging kinetics, and dimensional stability.
Forecasting Value-Added Tax (VAT) revenue using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box-Jenkins method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We propose a method to forecast Value-Added Tax (VAT) revenue for Indonesia government using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box-Jenkins method. We experimented the ARIMA Box-Jenkins method using time-series analysis of VAT revenue data of two Tax Offices of Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) from the last five years. The result shows that it resembles the real VAT revenue more closely than when compared to the actual VAT target by Indonesia government. We then argue that this result may be used as a fail-safe tax revenue target, that can work as a tool to better measure DGT performance.
Beta-Adrenergic Blockade in the Treatment of Exercise-Induced Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The β-adrenergic blocking drug pronethalol was effective in the treatment of a patient with exercise-induced paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Adrenergic stimuli are considered important in initiating this arrhythmia. The mode of action of pronethalol is briefly discussed in relation to other antiarrhythmic agents.
Application of artificial neural networks and logistic regression to the prediction of forest fire danger in Galicia using MODIS data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fire danger models are a very useful tool for the prevention and extinction of forest fires. Some inputs of these models, such as vegetation status and temperature, can be obtained from remote sensing images, which offer higher spatial and temporal resolution than direct ground measures. In this paper, we focus on the Galicia region (north-west of Spain), and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images are used to monitor vegetation status and to obtain land surface temperature as essential inputs in forest fire danger models. In this work, we tested the potential of artificial neural networks and logistic regression to estimate forest fire danger from remote sensing and fire history data. Remote sensing inputs used were the land surface temperature and the Enhanced Vegetation Index. A classification into three levels of fire danger was established. Fire danger maps based on this classification will facilitate fire prevention and extinction tasks.
Gaps in Public Knowledge of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background— Lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with decreased functional status, diminished quality of life, amputation, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Nevertheless, public knowledge of PAD as a morbid and mortal disease has not been previously assessed. Methods and Results— We performed a cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of 2501 adults ≥50 years of age, with oversampling of blacks and Hispanics. The survey instrument measured the demographic, risk factor, and cardiovascular disease characteristics of the study population; prevalent leg symptoms; PAD awareness relative to atherosclerosis risk factors and other cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases; perceived causes of PAD; and perceived systemic and limb consequences of PAD. Respondents were 67.2±12.6 years of age with a high prevalence of risk factors but only a modest burden of known coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Twenty-six percent of respondents expressed familiarity with PAD, a rate significantly lower than that for any other cardiovascular disease or atherosclerosis risk factor. Within the “PAD-aware” cohort, knowledge was poor. Half of these individuals were not aware that diabetes and smoking increase the risk for PAD; 1 in 4 knew that PAD is associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke; and only 14% were aware that PAD could lead to amputation. All knowledge domains were lower in individuals with lower income and education levels. Conclusions— The public is poorly informed about PAD, with major knowledge gaps regarding the definition of PAD, risk factors that lead to PAD, and associated limb symptoms and amputation risk. The public is not aware that PAD imposes a high short-term risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. For the national cardiovascular disease burden to be reduced, public PAD knowledge could be improved by national PAD public education programs designed to reduce critical knowledge gaps.
Continuous hourly analysis of C2-C10 non-methane hydrocarbon compounds in urban air by GC-FID

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous hourly analysis of C2-C10 non-methane hydrocarbon compounds in urban air by GC-FIDCharles T. Farmer, Peter J. Milne, Daniel D. Riemer, and Rod G. ZikaCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 2, 238–245Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/es00051a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Edible Plants, their Secondary Metabolites and Antiobesogenic Potential

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity is a current public health issue and is considered as a disease when excessive accumulation of visceral fat leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state associated with high circulating levels of inflammatory markers, such as cytokines and acute-phase proteins, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Diet is the source of basic nutrients for life maintenance and other phytochemicals known as bioactive compounds (present both in vegetal and animal products) that are associated with health promotion and disease prevention. This review examines the most representative phytochemicals such as phytosterols, saponins, phenolic compounds and alkaloids in edible plants associated with obesity prevention/ treatment, the biological mechanisms associated with this process as well as the development of products for human health improvement and maintenance. The article presents some promising patents on edible plants, their secondary metabolites and antiobesogenic potential.
PRJ News and Views

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fraction IX of ethyl acetate extract of custard apple and Azadirachtin showed 2–3 folds enhanced activity in mixtures at 1:2 and 1:1 as compared to their activities alone, against the neonate larvae of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica and khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium.
[Exploration and development of indocyanine green fluorescence applied in laparoscopic splenic hilum lymph node dissection for gastric cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the continuous development of laparoscopic techniques and the concept of individualized treatment, laparoscopic surgery is also moving from "minimally invasive" to "minimally invasive plus precision" . Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Reasonable lymph node dissection has always been an important exploration direction in the field of GC surgery. In recent years, domestic and foreign studies have found that the new tracer, indocyanine green (ICG), can detect the lymphatic vasculature non-invasively, and more accurately display the perigastric lymph nodes, providing a new perspective in laparoscopic lymph node dissection for GC. Alternatively, since the application of ICG in laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery, especially in gastric cancer surgery is still in the early stage of exploration and experience accumulation, more high-level medical evidences are needed to evaluate its clinical value.
An ethical reflection on GDPR compliance : integrating business ethics into a GDPR audit framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enforced on the 25th of May 2018. To help organizations audit their compliance with this regulation, an audit framework is indispensable. Next to this, it is good to know that the GDPR is essentially based on ethical principles. Speaking of eth-ics, research has shown that good business ethics have a positive influence on business performance. Therefore, this research is set out to investigate the following: “How should organizations take business ethics into account in their efforts to comply with the GDPR?” Using a design science approach, a GDPR compliance framework is developed during this research to audit compliance with GDPR article 1 - 23. The framework is innovative in the sense that it integrates business ethi-cal principles to improve the awareness of ‘why’ the GDPR is needed. This is achieved by providing a tool which identifies the relationships between the business ethical principles and the GDPR articles. 25 interviews indicated that this approach towards GDPR compliance was perceived as an eye-opener. The findings are from a qualitative nature and provide a basis for future quantitative research.
Bridge management progression in New Zealand

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over recent years, management of the New Zealand national highway network has been reformed. Previously this was the responsibility of a single Government Department. Now the highway management functions are split between funding provider, owner, consultants and contractors. Private sector services are procured using competitive pricing procedures. The resulting reforms to bridge management in particular, have been successfully implemented, with significant cost savings. The reforms have demanded careful consideration of contractual arrangements, systems development and personnel issues. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211602.
REVIEW ARTICLE: GLOBALIZATION AND EUROPEANIZATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Europeanization ’ has become a key theme in EU Studies in recent years. On the whole, this rather elusive concept has been deployed in the analy-sis of the relationship between domestic institutions, policy processes and sentiments in the member states on the one hand, and the impact of European integration and the growth of EU level governance on the other. The concept’s value lies in its interrogation of the extent to which the European Union has become an increasingly salient policy-making arena (Laffan, O’Donnell and Smith 1999). Its emphasis on the interlock-ing of the ‘domestic ’ and the ‘European ’ is also bound up with moves to re-describe the political economy of contemporary Europe as a system of multi-level governance (Marks, Hooghe and Blank 1996). But these two themes – the impact of schemes of regional integration and the re-cali-bration of governance – are also key issues in the vast literature on glob-alization. There seems, then, to be at least a prima facie case for the study of globalization to be explicitly attached to the analysis of the EU, not
Stepmothers’ experiences of achieving satisfactory stepmother-stepdaughter relationships

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The stepfamily has always been part of western society. However, only in the past two decades has it been given much attention, and in spite of suggestions that the stepmother-stepdaughter relationship is both the most problematic of step relationships, even contemporary literature virtually ignored it. Using an interview and validation format, this research explored the experiences of 6 stepmothers as they defined and negotiated satisfactory relationships with their stepdaughters. Specifically the researcher interviewed six stepmothers who described themselves as having achieved what they believed to be satisfactory relationships with their stepdaughters. Five themes emerged from these narratives: The ability to balance Emotional and behavioural Distance with Openness, the Ability to Engage in Positive Persistence, the Ability to develop a Unique and valued Role in the Lives of their Stepdaughters, the Need for a Supportive Partner, and the Need to Relax Expectations of Self and Other.
ChemInform Abstract: Camphor‐Derived Alcohols as Chiral Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Pauson‐ Khand Bicyclizations. Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐ Methoxyenones.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Membrane-Targeting Triphenylphosphonium Functionalized Ciprofloxacin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a severe problem for public health. Developing new antibiotics for MDR bacteria is difficult, from inception to the clinically approved stage. Here, we have used a new approach, modification of an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CFX), with triphenylphosphonium (TPP, PPh3) moiety via ester- (CFX-ester-PPh3) and amide-coupling (CFX-amide-PPh3) to target bacterial membranes. In this study, we have evaluated the antibacterial activities of CFX and its derivatives against 16 species of bacteria, including MDR bacteria, using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, morphological monitoring, and expression of resistance-related genes. TPP-conjugated CFX, CFX-ester-PPh3, and CFX-amide-PPh3 showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, including MDR S. aureus (methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) strains. The MRSA ST5 5016 strain showed high antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 11.12 µg/mL for CFX-ester-PPh3 and 2.78 µg/mL for CFX-amide-PPh3. The CFX derivatives inhibited biofilm formation in MRSA by more than 74.9% of CFX-amide-PPh3. In the sub-MIC, CFX derivatives induced significant morphological changes in MRSA, including irregular deformation and membrane disruption, accompanied by a decrease in the level of resistance-related gene expression. With these promising results, this method is very likely to combat MDR bacteria through a simple TPP moiety modification of known antibiotics, which can be readily prepared at clinical sites.
Effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment of water absorption characteristics of chickpeas (Cicer Arietinum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, the chickpea seeds were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation at vibration amplitude setting 40%, 70% and 100% of nominal power for 3 and 10 min at 24 kHz. Water absorption characteristics, moisture content, leaching loss and soaking water conductivity of chickpea at five different soaking temperatures (25, 30, 40, 50 and 60◦C) and various soaking times up to 10 h were studied. The soaking rates of treated samples were compared with untreated seeds. Peleg’s model was used to describe the hydration kinetics of chickpea seeds during soaking process at different temperatures by weight gain method. Ultrasonic treatment was very effective in water uptake of seeds and was observed that ultrasonic pre-treatment could decrease the soaking time by up to 4 h. The Peleg constant K1 decreased from 10.810-3 to 0.9910-3 h %-1 with increasing temperature from 25 to 60◦C and constant K2 increased linearly from 6.7210-3 %-1 to 9.910-3 %-1with increasing the temperature. The leaching loss and conductivity value also increased significantly when the soaking temperature increased. In soaking process, leaching loss changed from 1.66/100 g to 12.27/100 g and conductivity changed from 367 to 1867 μS/cm as soaking temperature increased from 25 to 60◦C
Acylation of Anthocyanins from Black Rice and their Stability Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acylated anthocyanins synthesis with anthocyanins extract from black rice and Octenyl succinate anhydride(OSA) was performed in pure ethanol. Stability of acylated anthocyanins and the color change have been evaluated over pH (1.0–12.0), light (daylight) and temperature(to 98°C) conditions, showing higher stability than non-acylated anthocyanins. The Acylated anthocyanins extracts showed red coloured solutions up to pH 10. However, The extracts from anthocyanins were observed faded to yellow after pH values up to 7. The increased stability of anthocyanins together with change in solubility opens a new window of opportunities for use of these extracts in a variety of food applications.
Taking a stance on the role of nuclear energy to combat the climate crisis: how communication task and expert’s personal stance impact individuals' intellectual humility and strategies for dealing with a complex topic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective We investigated how individuals deal with the limits of their own knowledge and productively cope with their dependence on experts as they engage with the socio-scientific topic of nuclear energy. We scrutinized the effects of content features of an interview text and of individuals' communicative engagement with the information read.Method In a 2 × 2 factorial design study (N = 273), adult participants opposing nuclear energy read an online interview with a geophysicist. The same factual information was presented, but the geophysicist either took a stance for decommissioning nuclear energy plants or took no stance. After reading, participants were instructed to communicate their own position in an informative or persuasive manner. Dependent measures evaluated participants' intellectual humility, strategies, perceived easiness of a simple solution, willingness to act and written arguments.Results Expert taking a stance led to lower intellectual humility, higher perceived easiness of a solution and stronger willingness to act against nuclear energy. Having the goal of persuading resulted in participants offering more one-sided arguments. Strategies were not significantly influenced by the independent factors.Conclusions The contrasting effect on individuals' intellectual humility and willingness to act is discussed from the perspective of climate-oriented action and science education.