jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Hydrolytic Stability of Porous Boron Nitride via the Control of Crystallinity, Porosity and Chemical Composition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Porous boron nitride is gaining significant attention for applications in molecular separations, photocatalysis, and drug delivery. All these areas call for a high degree of stability (or a controlled stability) over a range of chemical environments, and particularly under humid conditions. The hydrolytic stability of the various forms of boron nitride, including porous boron nitride, has been sparingly addressed in the literature. Here, we map the physical-chemical properties of the material to its hydrolytic stability for a range of conditions. Using analytical, imaging and spectroscopic techniques, we identify the links between the hydrolytic instability of porous boron nitride and its limited crystallinity, high porosity as well as the presence of oxygen atoms. To address this instability issue, we demonstrate that subjecting the material to a thermal treatment leads to the formation of crystalline domains of h-BN exhibiting a hydrophobic character. The heat-treated sample exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability, while maintaining a high porosity. This work provides an effective and simple approach to producing stable porous boron nitride structures, and will progress the implementation of the material in applications involving interfacial phenomena.<br>
Violence against health workforce in Bangladesh: a call for action

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Violence against health workforce has become a public health concern affecting the lives of the health professionals and the overall health service delivery to a greater extent. Common forms of workplace violence faced by healthcare professionals include verbal abuse, physical assault, bullying, sexual harassment and racial harassment. The scenario is more severe in low and middle-income countries where physicians, nurses and other health workers get exposure to such horrifying experiences in their day-to-day activities and Bangladesh is no exception in this regard. Experiencing different kind of conflicts at workplace has become a common news resulting life threatening injuries of the victims and leaving non-healing scars in the minds of those who has been serving to heal the wounds of others.
Sediments underlying the Peruvian OMZ - sink or source for reactive N species

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) represent key regions for nitrogen (N) turnover in the water column as well as in the sediments. However, the redox dependent source-sink function of sediments for reactive nitrogen (NO3- + NO2- + NH4+) is not well established. To address this issue, we studied benthic nitrogen cycling under different bottom water oxygen concentrations along a transect traversing the Peruvian OMZ at 11°S. In situ fluxes of nitrogen species across the sediment-water interface were measured using benthic landers and the sediment geochemistry was analyzed in recovered multi-core samples. The fieldwork was conducted through (80 - 400 m water depth) and beyond (700 - 1000 m water depth) the extension of the OMZ. The relative importance of different processes in the benthic nitrogen cycle was investigated using a 1D reaction-transport model tuned to the measured data. The reaction network included the release of ammonium during organic matter mineralization, nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification, as well as anammox. Nitrite was explicitly included in the model as an independent variable. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was also considered where mats of large sulfur bacteria were observed during towed camera deployments (~ 80 - 300 m depth). The model was able to simulate the following features of the benthic N cycle determined from the in situ lander deployments: (i) at the upper fringe of the OMZ (~ 80 - 250 m), the sediments acted as a source of reactive nitrogen due to enhanced ammonium release, (ii) at the lower fringe of the OMZ (300 - 400 m), there was a net uptake of reactive nitrogen of up to ~ 1.9 mmol N m-2 d-1 , and (iii) below the OMZ, reactive nitrogen fluxes into the sediments were low (≤ 0.5 mmol N m-2 d-1 ). The model further predicted that denitrification was the major control on N2 production along the entire transect whereas anammox played a minor role (≤ 10%). At the upper fringe of the OMZ, DNRA was driving ammonium release and determined whether the sediments were a net source or sink for reactive nitrogen species. In contrast, at the lower fringe of the OMZ organic carbon mineralization was the dominant process releasing ammonium. The relative importance of DNRA versus organic carbon mineralization for ammonium release varied systematically between these two end-members along the studied transect.
Phenotype, Inheritance, and Regulation of Expression of a New Virescent Mutant in Watermelon: Juvenile Albino

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Juvenile albino, gene symbol ja , is a spontaneous virescent mutant, first observed in `Dixielee' and an F 2 population of `G17AB' ( msms ) × `Dixielee' in 1992. Hypocotyls, new young leaves, shoot tips, tendrils and flowers on the main shoot of the ja mutant are all albino during early spring. The interior portions of albino leaves gradually become green, while the margins remain albino. Fruit rind color of the mutant is variegated. Growth of the ja mutant is severely impaired in the early spring. However, the mutant grows at a rate comparable to wild-type in the summer, and produces fruit of almost normal size. Genetic analysis of F 1 , F 2 , and BC 1 populations derived from the ja mutant showed that the gene for the ja mutant is inherited as a single, recessive, nuclear gene. Segregation ratios in the F 2 and BC 1 progenies derived from the cross between the previously reported delayed green virescent mutant and the ja mutant indicate independent inheritance of the genes dg and ja . Temperature and red/far-red light had no differential effect on mutant and the wild-type plants. An increase of daylength from 8 to 15 hours increased fresh weight and chlorophyll content more in the ja mutant than in the wild-type. The mutant had a higher chlorophyll a: b ratio than the wild-type under long days. Chlorophyll synthesis or accumulation in the mutant is severely impaired under short days. This is the only virescent mutant in the family Cucurbitaceae whose expression is regulated by daylength.
Data from A Constitutional Activating <i>MET</i> Mutation Makes the Genetic Link between Malignancies and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>The genesis of all cancers results from an accumulation of mutations, constitutional and/or acquired when induced by external mutagenic factors. High-speed technologies for genome sequencing have completely changed the study of disease genetics, but with limited knowledge of the functional value of most genetic changes.</p>Experimental Design:<p>Here, we proposed an innovative individual approach by studying tissue samples from a young woman with an unusual association of breast cancer, polycythemia vera, and rheumatoid arthritis. We performed genomic analyses for copy number variations and point mutations on laser-microdissected tumor cells from the breast cancer, and on CD34<sup>+</sup> cells sorted from bone marrow aspiration, to identify gene abnormalities common to these two types of cell populations.</p>Results:<p>Using ONCOSCAN technology, we identified a constitutional pR988C, c2962C>T mutation of <i>MET</i>. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we established pR988C <i>MET</i>-mutated transgenic mice, which reproduced the autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferation found in our index-case; one of the transgenic mice spontaneously developed a skin squamous cell carcinoma. We also showed that additional mutagenic factors were required to induce cancers, including skin squamous cell carcinoma and thyroid cancer. Using an anti-MET drug, cabozantinib, we demonstrated for the first time the functional role of this mutation in the maintenance of myeloproliferation and rheumatoid arthritis, and in cancer genesis.</p>Conclusions:<p>Our study opens a considerable field of application in the domain of constitutional genetics, to establish genetic links between cancers and other very different severe diseases.</p></div>
Does the Month of Birth Influence the Timing of Life Course Decisions? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Italy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social scientists have observed for a long time a negative relationship between the time spent on education and the timing of family formation. Using data from the I.D.E.A. survey (2003), a birth-month experiment on a sample of 3000 young Italian adults is employed in order to explore whether a different month of birth leads to regular differences in life course decisions of young Italians. The results suggest that the “social” age, as determined by the school cohort, rather than the biological age, is an important determinant of the timing of demographic events during the transition to adulthood.
CNN-based Compressor Mass Flow Estimator in Industrial Aircraft Vapor Cycle System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Vapor Cycle Systems, the mass flow sensor playsa key role for different monitoring and control purposes. However,physical sensors can be inaccurate, heavy, cumbersome, expensive orhighly sensitive to vibrations, which is especially problematic whenembedded into an aircraft. The conception of a virtual sensor, basedon other standard sensors, is a good alternative. This paper has twomain objectives. Firstly, a data-driven model using a ConvolutionalNeural Network is proposed to estimate the mass flow of thecompressor. We show that it significantly outperforms the standardPolynomial Regression model (thermodynamic maps), in terms of thestandard MSE metric and Engineer Performance metrics. Secondly,a semi-automatic segmentation method is proposed to compute theEngineer Performance metrics for real datasets, as the standard MSEmetric may pose risks in analyzing the dynamic behavior of VaporCycle Systems.
Aspiolucius esocinus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aspiolucius esocinus (Kessler, 1874) [N]—Pike asp Taxonomy. Original description: Aspius esocinus Kessler, 1874: 28, pl. 5, fig. 18 [Syr-darya and Amu-darya rivers, Turkestan; Syntypes: BMNH 1897.7.5.31-32 [ex ZMMU] (2); none found at ZIN].— Afghanistan synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 600).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 601, figs. 355–356). Status in Afghanistan. First record from Afghanistan by Zharov (1973); confirmed by Coad (1981: 9; 2014: 123; 2015: 227).—Afghanistan materials: None. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Afghanistan: Panj River.—General distribution: Middle Asia.—Habitat: This species is a large, rheophilic, and potamodromous species that inhabits larger river channels with mediumfast currents and relatively turbid water. It is rarely found in irrigation canals. In lakes or reservoirs, it is prevalent around river mouths if they have turbid waters. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important. Conservation. Conservation status in Afghanistan: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (Karimov 2020d).—Threats: FIT, CON, ABS, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— Moderate priority for conservation action.
Levels of Dioxins and Dioxin-like PCBs in Food and Feed in Europe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The EC Recommended Monitoring Programme for Food and undesirable substances in animal feed was put in place to provide the Commission with the necessary data to review the maximum levels for dioxins and furans, with a view to the inclusion of dioxin-like PCBs in the levels to be set. A considerable amount of data was received by the Commission the occurrence of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed. It was analysed to provide information on background levels of these contaminants currently regulated and to determine whether any patterns emerge in the ratios between dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in certain food and feed stuffs types or in certain areas. \n This paper describes the criteria used to screen the data received and provides some comments on the background levels reported, how they comply with the current legislation and whether a pragmatic ratio between dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs could be identified.
Tissue-location specific transcription programs drive tumor dependencies in colon cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancers of the same tissue-type but in anatomically distinct locations exhibit different molecular dependencies for tumorigenesis. Proximal and distal colon cancers exemplify such characteristics, with BRAFV600E predominantly occurring in proximal colon cancers along with increased DNA methylation phenotype. Using mouse colon organoids, we show that proximal and distal colon stem cells have distinct transcriptional programs that regulate stemness and differentiation. We identify that the homeobox transcription factor, CDX2, which is silenced by DNA methylation in proximal colon cancers, is a key mediator of the differential transcriptional programs. Cdx2-mediated proximal colon-specific transcriptional program concurrently is tumor suppressive, and Cdx2 loss sufficiently creates permissive state for BRAFV600E-driven transformation. Human proximal colon cancers with CDX2 downregulation showed similar transcriptional program as in mouse proximal organoids with Cdx2 loss. Developmental transcription factors, such as CDX2, are thus critical in maintaining tissue-location specific transcriptional programs that create tissue-type origin specific dependencies for tumor initiation.
Systematic Utilization of an Antipseudomonas Aeruginosa Vaccine in A Severe Burn Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The biological and clinical results of vaccination against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection have been analyzed for a group of 287 burned patients having over 25% surface burnt. The vaccine used was a cellular one inactivated by heat and containing 10 different strains. The effectiveness has been judged on the one hand by the increase in the antipseudomonas antibody count and on the other by comparing a group of vaccinated patients with a non-vaccinated group. After vaccination, the antipseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies increased from the 4th-5th day and reached an impressive increase after the 10th day. Clinically, protection is almost complete if one considers that pseudomonas aeruginosa positive blood cultures appear 15 days after vaccination, and above all the prognosis of these late infections. Both locally and generally, this vaccine has always been perfectly tolerated.
Role of rituximab in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: A literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT This literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). PubMed was searched for articles, published through 31 March 2022, on any controlled studies using RTX in the treatment of SSc. Of 85 identified articles, 9 were selected by title/abstract screening and full text examination. All nine articles reported outcomes of forced vital capacity (%FVC), and seven reported those of modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). The results showed that among the seven controlled studies evaluating skin lesions in patients with SSc, four showed a significant improvement of mRSS by RTX when compared with a control group, whereas three showed no significant effect. Among the nine controlled studies evaluating lung lesions, five showed a significant improvement of %FVC compared with a control group, whereas four showed no significant effect. In conclusion, RTX may be effective in the treatment of skin and lung lesions in patients with SSc. The profiles of SSc patients for whom RTX was indicated were unclear, although patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and those positive for anti-topoisomerase I antibody were considered potential targets. Additional studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of RTX in the treatment of patients with SSc.
Biphasic anaphylaxis after exposure to the first dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In the setting of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) global pandemic and increased disease burden, vaccination has become one of the major solutions. With the increase in vaccination numbers worldwide, it is important to stay vigilant to the potential side effects and life‐threatening complications of such vaccines. We report the case of a 30‐year‐old male with a biphasic allergic reaction post messenger (mRNA) Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccination. Several reports of allergic reactions have been cited in the literature after the administration of the mRNA Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine. It is important to keep a high index of suspicion in severe anaphylactic cases as some patients may have a recurrence of symptoms after discharge. It is crucial to acknowledge the potential risk of anaphylaxis in select individuals and have the appropriate measures in place to deal with adverse events. In case of severe symptoms, the administration of epinephrine is advised to prevent the development of a delayed biphasic anaphylactic reaction.
PS01.043: FACTORS EFFECT THE RESULT OF ESOPHAGEAL DILATION WITH INTRALESIONAL STEROID INJECTION IN SEVERE CORROSIVE STRICTURE PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Endoscopic esophageal dilation has been the primary therapy in severe corrosive stricture. There is a few study on effectiveness of intralesional steroid injection combined with esophageal dilation. The author studied factors that may give positive or negative effect results of dilation, and may extend the indication of dilation before definite surgery. Methods The authors reviewed the complete medical records as the retrospective study of patients those underwent intralesional steroid injection combined with esophageal dilation due to severe corrosive stricture. Primary outcome is the success rate of treatment by intralesion steroid injection combined with endoscopic esophageal stricture dilation. Secondary outcome is the risk that effect result of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 12 for Fisher's exact, students t-test, and relative risk regression, p-value of < 0.05 isconsidered as statistical significant. Results There are 55 patients was enrolled and presented with at least grade 4 of dysphagia, Marchand's grade III and IV from imaging stress review, and received intralesional steroid injection combined with endoscopic esophageal dilation. We divided patients into two groups, (1) a success esophageal dilation group (76.36%; mean number of dilation is 6 sessions/year), and (2) a failure esophageal dilation group whounderwent reconstruction surgery (23.64%). Patient characteristics including gender, age, time from transfer to the first dilation, type of corrosive agent, grading of dysphagia, number, length of lesion(s), and site of lesion(s). This study showed that gender, age, type of substance, number or length of stricture(s) had no significant difference about the result of treatment. Significant success factors are timing from first swallowing to first dilation (within 8 weeks, 78.57% success), no gastric deformity combined with esophageal stricture (90.48% success), and failure factor is the occurrence of complication during the period of treatment (69.23%) that mainly related to long segment of stricture more than 5 centimeters. Conclusion We gained high success rate in Marchand's grade III and IV by steroid injection combined with esophageal dilation. Predictors indicate that specific factor caused failure of treatment. The author extends the indication for endoscopic intervention in severe esophageal stricture before decision to do reconstructive surgery. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Rural motherhood and childcare. An analysis of Finnish practices and contrasting expectations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geographers have investigated rural childcare issues from two perspectives. Firstly, the availability of relevant services has been examined, and regional disparities in their provision have been analysed. The second research tradition has focused on cultural expectations concerning motherhood and childcare in rural contexts. This article utilizes both these research lines. It investigates everyday practices of childcare and the meanings related to it in the Finnish countryside. The empirical data is based on a questionnaire survey targeting parents of small children in three municipalities that represent different types of rural areas. The findings suggest that there is no single dominant way of care for children under school age in the countryside. Families combine different forms of care in different stages of their children’s lives. The article concludes that in rural Finland the views and expectations concerning motherhood and childcare are largely similar to those from the whole of the country.
L-shell photoelectric cross section measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

L-shell photoelectric cross sections in Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th and U at 59.5 keV have been determined using three different versions of Sood's method of measuring the absolute yield of fluorescent X-rays when a target is irradiated with a known flux of photons. The results obtained by all the methods agree with one another showing that no hidden systematic errors are involved in the measurements. The present results are found to compare well with the theoretical calculations of Scofield (1973).
ABC/VEN ANALYSIS OF DRUG PROVISION FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Purpose. The aim of this work is to conduct an ABC / VEN analysis of the supply of medicines for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods. Conducted by ABC and VEN analysis of medicines re- ceived in the Republic used for cardiovascular diseases. Results. The analysis revealed that, on average, over 5 years, group A (the most expensive drugs) included 23% of drugs used for CVD, group B - 24% (less expensive) and group C — 53 % (naimeit is expensive) items from the total number of purchases. Over the past 5 years, of the medicines received in the Republic used for CVD on average, group V (vital medicines) included 39 %, E (im- portant medicines) 30%, N (additional medicines) 31% of the total number of items purchased. The most expensive expenses (group A) included 65.5% vital, 17.2% - important and about 18% additional medicines. Exceptions. Ba- sic expenses (group A) included 65.5% of vital expenses, 17.2% - important and about 18% - additional medicines.