jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fast algorithms of plant computation based on substructure instances

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fast rendering and botanically faithful description of plants are a real challenge in computer graphics. Usually, plant production is computed using the method internode by internode, while there exist a lot of buds in an individual tree, therefore, this approach is quite time-consuming even for a medium-size tree.\n\nIn this paper, we present a new algorithm based on substructure instances to quickly compute plants’ production, and then, for certain plant architectural models, combine with the geometrical rules to create a substructure library. Finally, we construct 3D virtual plants using 3D organs. Compared with the classical method in computing and constructing plant structures, the algorithm described in this paper is much faster while keeping botanical nature of plant. The algorithm can be generalized to most plant species.
Impact of electron-phonon transport on the thermal resistance of metal-nonmetal interfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we study the impact of the phonon thermal conductivity of Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au) on the interface resistance of metal-nonmetal contacts at room temperature. The thermal conductivity of both metals is determined for bulk and thin films of varying thickness using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. Likewise, we determine the thermal interface resistance due to phonons of metal films embedded in a nonmetal layer composed of Silicon (Si). Based on a two-temperature model (TTM) for electrons and phonons, we determine the thermal resistance due to electron-phonon interactions and the variation of the film resistance of Ag and Au layers as a function of their thickness. The latter considering the estimated phonon contribution to the thermal conductivity of the studied metals obtained with our NEMD simulations. Two important results are presented in this work. First, we have found for the studied metals that at room temperature phonons contribute less than 1.0 % to the bulk thermal conductivity; and that their relative contribution to the conductivity and its variation with the film thickness significantly impacts the overall film resistance of metallic films.
Chief Justice Election

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter describes how a North Carolina Supreme Court chief justice, for seventy-two years, was always appointed whenever a chief justice died or retired; in such cases, the next most senior justice was always appointed to succeed him. The appointment amounted to a lifetime position, for, under what was essentially a one-party system, an incumbent was unlikely to lose his seat or even be opposed when elections were held. This procedure reliably ensured a Democrat as chief justice, given the scarcity of Republican justices. There had not been a Republican on the court in decades. It was only in 1902 that a North Carolina Supreme Court chief justice would initially take office by way of election.
Effects of dietary supplementation ofAcanthopanax senticosuson gastrointestinal tract development in calves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Twenty‐four newborn Holstein dairy male calves (with initial body weight of 38 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a randomized block design experiment to determine effects of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on gastrointestinal tract development. Calves were fed milk (10%/body weight) three times at 06.00, 12.00 and 18.00 hours daily with one to four treatments during the experimental periods (4 to 28 days): no supplementation of AS (control group, CG); 1.0 g/L•time of micro‐powder AS (MP); 1.0 g/L•time of superfine powder AS (SP); or 1.0 g/L•time of coarse powder AS (CP). On days 7, 14, 21 and 28, 20 mL blood samples were collected at 06.00 hours before the morning feeding. At the end of the trial (28 days), all calves were euthanized, and tissue samples were taken and placed in 4% buffered formaldehyde for analyses. In the rumen of MP treatment, compared with the CG treatment, wall thickness and papillae diameter was both significantly lower ( P <0.05), while crypt depth was significantly greater ( P <0.05). In the duodenum, villi diameter of AS supplemented treatments was significantly lower than that of CG treatment (P <0.05 ) . Results indicate that calves during sucking period supplemented with AS as MP style could promote gastrointestinal development.
Radiographic profile of the first cervical vertebra.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Lateral cephalographs from 220 normal adolescent white orthodontic patients, and of individuals with craniofacial dysostosis and oculodento-osseous dysplasia were studied. Variations were observed in the morphology of the posterior margins of the superior articular processes, vertebral artery canals being present in 8%. Posterior arch dehiscence was found in eight individuals, including seven cases in the midline. Three patients had accessory ossicles above the posterior arch of the atlas, and two showed evidence of fusion of the second and third cervical vertebrae. The profile of the atlas was well outside the normal range in both syndromes studied.
Development of Textbook “Translation Theory for Beginners” The book helps Students in understanding translation theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since 2020 there has been a translation theory course in the curriculum of the German Studies Department at UNESA. This course is the basis for the skills that will be learned by the students in the following semesters. It is necessary to provide good textbooks as study material for this course. A good textbook is very helpful in preparing the learning process through to the implementation of the learning. Textbook is part of the learning resources. Textbooks are books that are put together for the benefit of the learning process. Textbooks can come from research or the results of a thought about something or a study in a particular field, which are then formulated as learning material. The development of the textbook “Translation Theory for Beginners” is intended to make it easier for students to understand, as it is based on mastering the German language in the third semester. The research and development steps carried out consist of three parts, namely preliminary studies, product development and learning about product tests. Preliminary studies have been carried out and information has been produced which will be used as a reference in planning the development of the "Translation Theory for Beginners" textbook.
[The study of the relationship between serum eosinophil cationic protein and bronchial responsiveness in the patients with bronchial asthma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been expected as an index of eosinophilic inflammation in bronchial asthma. However, there are many questions about the clinical meaning of the serum ECP, yet. To examine that problem, we measured serum ECP levels in healthy subjects and the asthmatics patients, with and without attack. We also studied the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and serum ECP levels in the asthmatics patients without attack. Patients taking any steroids (including inhaled steroid), anti-allergic agents or cigarettes were excluded. The highest levels of ECP were found in serum sampled from the patients with asthma attack. The levels of the patients without attack were lower, and the levels of the healthy subjects were the lowest of all. To study the relationship between serum ECP and bronchial responsiveness in the asthmatics patients, who had not an asthma attack for at least one week, serum was sampled and simultaneously bronchial responsiveness (Dmin) was measured by Astograph. The serum ECP levels correlated negatively with Dmin, a threshold-type index of bronchial responsiveness (r = -0.569, p < 0.01). These data indicate that between attacks of bronchial asthma, bronchial responsiveness is related to the levels of serum ECP, and that during attacks the level of serum ECP increases further. They also suggest that abnormally high levels of serum ECP are associated with a preattack state in patients with bronchial asthma.
Combined Mechanical and Oral Antibiotic Bowel Preparation Reduces Incisional Surgical Site Infection and Anastomotic Leak Rates After Elective Colorectal Resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combined bowel preparation with mechanical cleansing and oral antibiotics results in a significantly lower incidence of incisional surgical site infection, anastomotic leakage, and hospital readmission when compared to no preoperative bowel preparation.
Excretion of Organic Sulfates Following Administration of Adrenalin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the rabbit the administration of adrenalin is followed by a markedly augmented excretion of organic sulfates. This appears to indicate that this drug is inactivated in vivo by conjugation with sulfuric acid. Conjugation with glucuronic acid does not occur. These observations confirm those reported by Richter in 1940.
Consequences of the Edge Effect in a Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Diagnosis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is based on neurological symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and intrathecally produced Borrelia -specific antibodies. In most cases, the presence of intrathecally produced Borrelia -specific antibodies is determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Theory and test of bathymetric side scan sonar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bathymetric, or interferometric, side-scan-sonars offer great improvement over conventional hydrographic and bathymetric techniques, because their broad swath makes it possible to survey an area more efficiently, their high spatial resolution makes it less likely to miss an obstruction of feature, and their image output gives valuable information about the bottom composition. A theoretical model of the phase measurement errors that limit accuracy is presented. Tests of a shallow-water bathymetric side-scan sonar, the Bathyscan 300, were conducted in August, 1987, in the Chesapeake Bay. The results of those tests, as well as the performance demonstrated by other bathymetric side-scan sonars, are compared to the predictions of the model.< >
Three new oxazoline alkaloids from Gymnotheca chinensis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three novel oxazoline alkaloids, 1-oxa-3-azaspiro [4.5] dec-2-ene-8-one (1), 1-oxa-3-azaspiro [4.5] dec-2, 6-diene-8-one (2), and 1-oxa-3-azaspiro [4.5] dec-10-methoxy-2, 6-diene-8-one (3) were isolated from the methanol extract of the whole plant of Gymnotheca chinensis. The chemical structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis including one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
A rare case of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with bone marrow involvement in an immunocompetent patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histoplasmosis is a rare entity in India and very few cases have been reported from eastern region of India like West Bengal and rarely cases from southern India as well. We hereby report a case of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) from a non-endemic region of India (Eastern Utter Pradesh) and that too in an immunocompetent individual.
Tradeoff between User Quality-Of-Experience and Service Provider Profit in 5G Cloud Radio Access Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) has become a promising solution for increasing network capacity in terms of high data rates and low latencies for fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks. In CRAN, the traditional base stations (BSs) are decoupled into remote radio heads (RRHs) and base band units (BBUs) that are respectively responsible for radio and baseband functionalities. The RRHs are geographically proximated whereas the the BBUs are pooled in a centralized cloud named BBU pool. This virtualized architecture facilitates the system to offer high computation and communication loads from the impetuous rise of mobile devices and applications. Heterogeneous service requests from the devices to different RRHs are now sent to the BBUs to process centrally. Meeting the baseband processing of heterogeneous requests while keeping their Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements with the limited computational resources as well as enhancing service provider profit is a challenging multi-constraint problem. In this work, a multi-objective non-linear programming solution to the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) and Profit-aware Resource Allocation problem is developed which makes a trade-off in between the two. Two computationally viable scheduling algorithms, named First Fit Satisfaction and First Fit Profit algorithms, are developed to focus on maximization of user QoE and profit, respectively, while keeping the minimum requirement level for the other one. The simulation environment is built on a relevant simulation toolkit. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art works well across the requests QoS, average waiting time, user QoE, and service provider profit.
A new approach to study combination mixture organic solvent ethylene carbonate with lithium-ion for alkali-ion battery: A density functional theory

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Using first-principles calculations, we predicted different structures of lithium (Li) atoms with solid electrolytes (e.g., ethylene carbonate (EC)) and their coordination number (n = 3) for the first time. Additionally, we explored the unique properties of the EC absorption of the Li atom using both the equilibrium EC solvent and complex cluster of Li+. Vibrational spectral analysis confirmed that only one type of Li coordinates with EC molecules. The coordination number of EC molecules increases with decreasing minimization or optimization energy and the charge of Li ions. Due to electron affinity and ion charges, only the optimized energy investigation supports the coordination of the EC solvent, which can be calculated by Li+Bn n = 1–3, where B is the organic solvent (ethylene).
Road Rage and Aggressive Driving: Steering Clear of Highway Warfare

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This book investigates aspects of road rage and the origins of its development. Presenting numerous case studies relating examples of road rage behavior, the authors have provided an indepth examination of aggressive driver behavior known as road rage. Not just a problem in the United States, examples of road rage can be found in almost every country. Mounting death and injury statistics reflect billions of dollars expended for health care, loss of employment and human suffering. While cars and roadways are safer than ever before, design and engineering improvements can not mitigate hostile and angry drivers. Examining causes of driver hostility, including alcohol and drug abuse, emotional triggers, traffic congestion stress, and automotive vigilantism, the authors attempt to define and explain why some drivers do what they do. To reduce the incidence of road rage and aggressive driver behavior, this book also provides self-tests to measure possible aggressive driving tendencies, motorist check lists to compare reactions and responses with positive driver behavior standards and a look at city, state and federal government proposals to crack down on aggressive driving and drivers, such as tough new laws, traffic calming devices, electronic surveillance and an increased police presence.
Supplemental Heat for Grain Drying with a Transportable Solar Heater

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A relatively small transportable air solar heater was used to provide supplemental heat in a low temperature corn drying experiment. Although data analyses indicated that the drying period was shortened several days and it is apparent that the transportability of the solar heater is a desirable characteristic, it was never-theless determined that the solar heater was not ideally utilized in the grain drying application. Data analyses of diurnal sensible and latent heat exchanges in the corn also revealed that the corn itself acts as an energy storage medium and that drying is consistently carried over into nighttime hours.
Role of breast mammography and breast mammoscintigraphy (MSg) in evaluation of efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2017 / C-0022 / Role of breast mammography and breast mammoscintigraphy (MSg) in evaluation of efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer by: Chernaia1, S. Kanaev2, S. N. Novikov3, P. Krivorotko4, A. S. Petrova2, Z. Briantseva4, P. Krzhivitskiy3; 1Saint-Peterburg/RU, 2Saint-Petersburg/RU, 3St Petersburg/RU, 4Saint Petersburg/RU
LHD 4O-BC02-L01 #182042.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 4-O port camera, where ROI is (618,434) - (702,550) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Inferring evolution in bacteria using Markov chains and genomic signatures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This thesis concerns the development of methods and models in evolutionary molecular biology. The techniques are also applicable to other similar biological problems. The first contribution is a novel classifier using fixed and variable length Markov chains that can discriminate between bacterial DNA of different species. The classifier assumes that the composition of oligomers, DNA words, is species-specific and represents global features of the species, a so called genomic signature. The direct applications of such a classifier are: identification of horizontal gene transfer and binning of metagenomic data. The former has been the primary focus as it is one of the central processes in the evolution of bacteria. We suggest a new method for locking the number of parameters in a variable length Markov model and propose a method for rejecting false candidates of horizontal gene transfer events. The second contribution is a novel estimator for finding the prediction suffix tree of a variable length Markov chain. This new estimator is highly efficient in finding the correct state-space and we show that it compares favorably to a popular estimator in terms of the predictive likelihood.The third contribution is to the analysis of gene order rearrangements in bacteria. We recapitulate previous results on expected distances and derive new ones for cases that have recently gained support in the literature, such as symmetrical and short reversals. We also describe new categories of gene order patterns and show how these can be explained with models using short, symmetric and uniformly distributed transpositions and reversals.The forth contribution is a part of the Greengenes project which is a chimera free database of 16S rDNA sequences.
Mixed Ion–Electron-Conducting\nPolymer Complexes\nas High-Rate Battery Binders

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Next-generation battery binders must\nhave both the adhesive\nproperties\nof traditional binders [i.e., polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)] as well\nas high electronic and lithium ion conductivity to facilitate good\nrate performance. Here, we demonstrate a broadly applicable strategy\nof using electrostatic compatibilization between a conjugated and\na nonconjugated polyelectrolyte, which provides intrinsic ionic and\nelectronic conduction while also maintaining stability with conventional\nbattery materials, resulting in high rate capability in LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP)-based cathodes. Three polythiophene-based polyelectrolyte\ncomplexes demonstrate electronic conductivities as high as 0.8 S/cm\nand room temperature ionic conductivities above 10<sup>–4</sup> S/cm when swollen with an electrolyte (≈1 × 10<sup>–7</sup> S/cm dry, without the presence of small-molecule electrolyte). Each\ncomplex proves to be an excellent binder when applied in LFP composite\ncathodes, enabling dramatic reductions in overpotential and improved\nperformance at high cycling rates compared with cells utilizing a\nPVDF binder. The improved charge transport afforded by the conducting\nbinders enables up to 70% of the cathode’s capacity to be utilized\nat 6C, compared to only 1.4% when PVDF is the binder. These results\ndemonstrate that complexation of conjugated polyelectrolytes not only\nis an effective design strategy for intrinsic mixed ion–electron\nconduction but also provides the stability and processability necessary\nfor Li-ion battery binder applications, making them promising “pick\nand place” materials to achieve large performance improvements\nin LFP cathodes.
Response of Preadult <i>Necator americanus</i> to Some Known Anthelmintics in Hamsters

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hamsters infected with laboratory-adapted preadult Necator americanus were dosed with 6 reference anthelmintics. Their efficacy was measured in terms of percentage cure of infected animals as well as percentage worm reduction following treatment. Mebendazole and pyrantel were equally effective in this system. Other anthelmintics, including anti-hookworm compound, bephenium hydroxynaphthoate, were less effective. The comparative results revealed that the N. americanus model is sensitive and reliable for identifying and characterizing new anti-parasite preparations.
Protective effects of quercetin and its metabolites on endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between dietary flavonoid intake and mortality for ischemic heart disease. Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid in the diet, but it is not present in plasma as a free form. The main metabolites of quercetin in human plasma are: quercetin‐3‐glucuronide, quercetin‐3′‐sulphate, isorhamnetin‐3‐glucuronide and 4′‐glucuronide. In this study, we have characterised the vascular effects of these conjugates on rat aorta. We found that these metabolites lacked a direct vasodilator effect. Moreover, they did not suffer auto‐oxidation, did not generate free radicals, and did not inhibit the biological activity of NO. However, these metabolites protected the biological activity of NO and reversed the endothelial dysfunction induced by an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase or by NADPH‐induced NADPH oxidase activation. These data indicate for the first time that the conjugated metabolites could be responsible for the in vivo protective activity of quercetin on endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure. Supported by AGL2004‐06685/ALI and SAF2005‐03770
[Educational and research program on diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in Latin America].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Otitis media in Latin America is an important cause of hearing impairment and infectious complications which can be prevented without an inordinate effort or investment of resources. The Latin American Otitis Media Research and Training Program is a multidisciplinary, international project designed to improve the detection an treatment of otitis media in Latin America. Over 200 health care providers have already participated in pilot seminars presented in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico. These sessions were highlighted by audiovisual presentations emphasizing pneumatic otoscopy. We conclude that this focused program of medical education can significantly contribute to improve primary health care in the region.