jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Specific Association of Worry and Amyloid‐β Deposition in Cognitive Unimpaired Older Adults

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Anxiety symptoms are common in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults prior to the onset of cognitive impairment. Evidence suggests that anxiety symptoms may be sequelae of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and/or anxiety may potentiate the pathophysiologic process. Despite this pivotal role, the specific components of anxiety associated with high brain Aβ in CU older adults are relatively unknown. It was previously reported that Aβ deposition is associated with a global anxiety score measured by State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐6 (STAI‐6) but not depression measured by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) total scores. Here, we examined the specific associations of individual anxiety symptoms with Aβ. Method Older adult participants were screened for the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s study (“A4 study”) and underwent assessments of anxiety (STAI‐6), depression (GDS), cognitive performance (MMSE and Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite /PACC), subjective cognition (Cognitive Function Instrument/CFI) and cortical Aβ deposition using Florbetapir PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). Linear regression models estimated associations of STAI‐6 items, “calm,” “tense,” “upset,” “relax,” “content,” and “worry,” with Aβ deposition, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Result The sample (n = 4486) were older adults ages 65 ‐ 85 (mean [SD] age, 71.29 [4.67] years, included 2647 women (59%) and 1323 (29.5%) who were classified as Aβ+. STAI‐6 total score ranged from 6 ‐ 24 (Mean 9.9 [3.1]). A significant positive association was found between the anxiety item measuring “worry”, and Aβ, adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, depression (GDS), objective cognition (MMSE or PACC), and subjective cognition (CFI) [Table 1]. There were other significant (negative) associations between items measuring “calm” and “relax” and Aβ in similar regression models. Only the association of “worry” with Aβ remained significant after further adjustment for global anxiety measured by the total STAI‐6 score. Conclusion In a large, well‐characterized sample of CU older adults, worry was significantly and most strongly associated with Aβ, independent of psychosocial factors, subjective and objective cognition and global anxiety. These findings suggest that self‐reported worry may have unique explanatory value in the clinical assessment of CU older adults at high risk of AD and cognitive impairment.
Sapphire by combined electron and X-ray diffraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In order to analyze crystal structures of fine particles and thin films, electron crystallography is highly advantageous because of its larger cross section than those for X-ray and neutron.However, electron diffraction intensity is known to vary drastically as a function of thickness owing to the dynamical effect that can be estimated in principle when measured actual thickness of samples.In this study, such correlation between the dynamical effect and thickness was examined in the cases of organic crystals of perylene and bis(dimethylglyoximato)platinum whose crystal structures are known.A platelike crystal was grown epitaxially on alkali-halide single crystalline substrates with a uniform thickness between 20 nm and 150 nm by controlling deposition amount.The electron diffraction intensities were recorded on an imaging plate at accelerating voltages of 80-1000 kV, and the corresponding dynamical scattering intensities were calculated by a multi-slice method.As a result, observed intensities do not fit with simulated ones for the thickness measured with an atomic force microscope, but agree with intensities simulated at thinner thickness in both samples; about 25 nm for perylene and about 1.3 nm for bis(dimethylglyoximato)platinum.This fact indicates that dynamical coherent thickness is remarkably thinner than the measured one, so that crystal structures were successfully analyzed so far in the frame of kinematical scattering in many cases of organic crystals [1, 2].
The Study on the Publicness of the Drama Centre"s Performances: In Comparison with PETA"s Performances

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 글은 초창기 드라마센터가 공공극장으로서 공연한 작품이 지니는 공공성을 규명하기 위하여, 이와 유사한 필리핀의 PETA와 비교 분석하여 두 공공극장이 지닌 공공성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이에 따라 두 공공극장이 어떠한 기준으로 작품을 선정하였으며, 그들이 지향한 공공성의 실체가 무엇인지를 살펴보았다.
드라마센터의 공공성은 국가와 관계된 ‘공식적인(official)’ 영역에 속한 것이었다. 그렇기에 사회구성원이 배제되었고, 이는 공공극장으로서의 드라마센터가 사라지게 되는 원인이 된다. 이와 달리, PETA의 공공성은 필리핀의 사회구성원 모두와 관련된 ‘공통의(common)’ 영역에 속하였고, 그렇기에 PETA는 공공극장으로서의 활동을 오늘날까지 지속할 수 있었다.
Effect of Tillage Depth System and Intercropping Patterns on Solid and Intercropped Soybean with Maize.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two field experiments were carried out in Gemmeiza Research Station during the two summer successive seasons 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of three soil tillage depths i.e. 15, 20 and 25 cm and three intercropping patterns i.e.P1-100% maize (single cross 128) + 50% soybean (variety Giza 111) in ridges (0.70 m in width) P2-100% maize + 50 % soybean in beds (1.40 m in width) and soybean was intercropped with maize at the two rows on bed back, whereas maize was planted at both sides of the bed and P3-Pure stands of maize and soybean were planted as recommended for each crop.The experiment was laid out in a strep plot design in three replicates.Results could be summarized as follows: All characters of maize was significant by affected increasing soil tillage depth from 15 up to 20 cm depth except, plant height in first season.On the other hand, maize grain yield recorded the highest value with tillage depth at 20 cm in both seasons.Maize pure stand recorded the highest values of all studied characters followed by planting in beds and the lowest values were obtained, when maize grown in ridges in both seasons, except, plant height behaved opposite trend of these characters.indicated that plant height in the second season, No. of kernels, ear weight -1 , 100-kernel weight in the first season and maize grain yield fad -1 in both seasons were significantly affected by interaction between plowing depth and intercropping patterns.Also, all soybean characters were significantly affected by tillage systems in both seasons, where, tillage depth at 20 cm gave the highest values, followed by at 25 cm While, 15 cm depth gave the lowest values in both seasons.Whereas soybean pure stand recorded the highest values of yield in both seasons, followed intercropping 100% + 50% soybean on the beds in both seasons.The found that 100-seed weight and seed yield fad -1 in both seasons were significantly affected by the interaction between different tillage depth and intercropping patterns.Soil tillage depth at 20 cm and intercropping pattern (100% maize + 50% soybean) on beds recorded the highest values for LER (1.34) and LEC (0.43) in the combined analysis, which showed that intercropping had better grain yield performance when compared to sole cropping.All intercropping patterns were grown in different depths were positive for total income comparative to maize pure stand in combined analysis of both seasons.The highest total income and MAI were achieved with plowing depth at 20 cm in beds (8855.96and2247.03L.E. fad -1 ) and the lowest value was showed with plough at 25 cm in ridge (6426.63 and 126.01L.E.fad).Growing maize and soybean with plowing depth at 20 cm increased total income by 10.26 and 10.70%, while MAI increased by 0.88 and 28.80 % compared with plowing depth 15 and 25 respectively.It could be concluded that tillage at 20 cm depth and intercropping pattern (100% + 50%) maize/soybean planted in beds to obtain the best land usage and total income.
AI Model Integrating Imaging and Clinical Data for Predicting CSF Diversion in Neonatal Hydrocephalus: A Preliminary Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Predictive tools for stratifying neonatal hydrocephalus into low- and high-risk groups for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion are currently lacking. We developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI) model that integrates multimodal imaging and clinical data to predict CSF diversion needs. The development cohort included 116 neonates with suspicion of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) from a Chinese tertiary referral hospital (80 with intracranial pressure > 80 mm H2O, 36 with intracranial pressure ≤ 80 mm H2O). The external validation cohort consisted of 21 neonates with hydrocephalus from an American medical center, categorized by etiology: prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) closure (n = 5), postnatal MMC closure (n = 6), and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) (n = 10). Inclusion criteria required available MRI and complete clinical follow-up to confirm CSF diversion outcomes. The primary outcome was the need for CSF diversion. Model performance was assessed using under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The hybrid AI model achieved an AUC of 0.824 in the development cohort in predicting raised ICP, outperforming both the clinical-only model (AUC 0.528, p < 0.001) and the image-only model (AUC 0.685, p = 0.007). In the external validation cohort, the fused MRI-based model achieved an AUC of 0.808. The model correctly predicted CSF diversion in 4/5 prenatal MMC, 4/6 postnatal MMC, and 9/10 PHH cases. The AI model demonstrated robust performance in predicting the need for CSF diversion, particularly in PHH cases, and has the potential to assist decision-making, especially in settings with limited pediatric neurosurgical expertise. Future work should focus on further refining model performance for complex etiologies such as MMC-associated hydrocephalus.
Climate change professional development approaches ‘MADE CLEAR’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on a multi-year National Science Foundation funded project that sought to address some of these problems across two states. In this chapter, we will specifically highlight how this MADE CLEAR (Maryland and Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment and Research, Award #1239758) project developed and enacted a climate change-focused professional development program for teachers. We discuss our intentions and reflect on lessons learned regarding the most important components for effective climate change professional development. The ongoing and iterative nature of our own work along with slowly emerging research literature understandings from others allowed us new insight, which we seek to share.
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE OF TEACHERS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE (IP) LEARNERS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the content knowledge of teachers and the academic achievement in mathematics of Indigenous Peoples (IP) learners in the public elementary schools of Matanao II District, Davao del Sur. Grounded in Mishara’s theory on content knowledge and Benbow's views on academic achievement Utilizing a non-experimental descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered from 52 mathematics teachers and 280 IP learners through a researcher-made teacher questionnaire and a standardized mathematics test. Quantitative data analysis involved the use of mean and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Findings revealed that teachers exhibited very high content knowledge in planning and assessing learning and high knowledge in facilitating learning. IP learners' performance in mathematics was found to be at the "Approaching Proficiency" level. A significant positive correlation was identified between the teachers' content knowledge and the mathematics achievement of IP learners (r = 0.667, p < 0.05). Specifically, all three dimensions of content knowledge were individually and collectively associated with learners' performance, indicating that greater teacher expertise leads to improved student outcomes. It was concluded that strengthening teachers’ content knowledge—especially in the context of culturally diverse classrooms—is essential for improving the academic performance of IP learners. Keywords: Content Knowledge, IP Learners, Mathematics Achievement, Teacher Effectiveness, Culturally Responsive Teaching, Student Assessment
MARKET, STATE AND RULES-BASED WELFARE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The problem of complex relations between Market and State as providers of individual and collective welfare has been a main concern of philosophers and political economists at least from Adam Smith, and is also in the centre of current political debates on the economic crisis in general and on severe fiscal crises that Welfare States face, in particular. The paper addresses this problem in terms of Public Choice Theory and, respectively, its extension, Constitutional Political Economy, a new research program that has been developed in recent decades.
Laboratory diagnosis of pertussis infections: the role of PCR and serology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study reports on practical laboratory aspects of pertussis diagnosis. PCR assays were applied to respiratory specimens obtained during a large study of infants (less than 5 months old) admitted to paediatric intensive care units (n = 122), children (less than 15 years old) admitted to paediatric wards (n = 16) and their household contacts (n = 320). Estimation of antibodies to pertussis toxin and culture for Bordetella pertussis were attempted on specimens from the same patients, where available, and the overall utility of the diagnostic PCR assays was assessed by comparison to these results. A PCR assay for the human mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (HMCO) gene was used for quality control of the extracted samples and an internal process control (IPC) was included in each sample to test for PCR inhibition. Four of 458 samples were considered unsuitable (three HMCO negative, one IPC negative) and excluded from further analyses. Positive PCR results were considered valid if they were either (i) positive for both of two B. pertussis gene targets (pertussis toxin S1 promoter and the insertion element IS481), i.e. consensus PCR positive, or (ii) repeatably positive in only one assay. Using these criteria, 52 of 454 (11.5 %) samples were considered as PCR positive for B. pertussis. Six of 356 samples were culture-positive for B. pertussis, 1/88 infants, 3/14 children and 2/254 contacts, giving an overall isolation rate of 1.7 %. Using these data, PCR gave an almost fivefold increase in diagnostic yield compared with culture (McNemar's test; P < 0.0001). Sera from 9/111 infants, 5/10 children and 14/210 contacts were positive. Serology and PCR results showed a high level of agreement (113/121) for infants and children. PCR demonstrated a significant improvement in diagnostic yield over culture. Serological testing also resulted in a significant increase in diagnostic yield compared to culture alone. PCR is a useful technique, but validity of results must be assured by careful control. Rapid diagnosis of B. pertussis infection particularly in infants by PCR, together with serological assays, can enhance surveillance systems for pertussis in all age groups.
A study of children’s experiences of transition into a British international primary school in Vietnam: perspectives of children and parents in the first year

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a qualitative study that addresses an apparent current gap in the literature regarding children’s experiences of transition at non-normative times, in an international context. The research takes place in a British international primary school in Vietnam. Thirty-four children participated in a series of nine semi-structured group interviews with three to five children in each. The children participated in a drawing activity in their group interviews to further reflect on their experiences of transition. Eight parents were interviewed either individually or with their partners, resulting in a total of six semi-structured interviews. School policies and documents were also examined using discourse analysis. A sociocultural and ecological theoretical model was used to analyse the interview responses. The findings highlighted many complexities that created a unique and challenging transition for the children involved. From both children and parents’ perspectives, forming new friendships was essential to feeling comfortable and a part of the new school. The children experienced many different emotions during this year, from anxiety to excitement and these feelings were linked both to friendships and also managing academic expectations. Children joined the school having experienced varying educational systems from different countries and part of their transition included learning how to be a pupil in this particular school. While for some children, academic demands were easier, for others it was more difficult. The study concludes with a recommendation that more research could be done in international primary schools to continue this area of work in further exploring children’s experiences of transition and how we can best support pupils during the first year of joining a new school.
The Path of Least Resistance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent work on judgment and decision making has focused on how people preferentially use cues, or pieces of relevant information, that are easy to access when making decisions. In this article, we discuss a framework for understanding the ways that cues become accessible. We begin by identifying two components of cues and show how these components can become accessible during different parts a decision process. We highlight evidence for the use of accessible information and discuss implications for future research on heuristics.
Tissuetransglutaminas antibodies in male and female celiac patiants, Wasit,Iraq

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The current study included knowledge of the level of anti-tissue transglotaminasTtg (Ab) of both types (IgA-IgG) for males and females celiac patients. The study was conducted in the Public Health Laboratory in Wasit province, where they were diagnosed with celiac disease using measuring the level of Ttg antibodies with both types ( IgA), (IgG) by the ELIZA method. Then, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 35 male patients compared with another group that included 40 female patients, whose ages ranged from one year to more than 40 years for both genders.
Ectomycorrhizal associations in jack pine stands in northeastern Alberta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ectomycorrhizae of jack pine occurring in mature stands, on bare roadsides, and in a recently burned area were compared. Fifty-six fungus associates were identified from sporocarp collections. Species of Elaphomyces, Suillus, Cortinarius, Cantharellus, and hydnums were almost exclusively limited to mature stands. Laccaria proxima, Rhizopogon rubescens. Scleroderma macrorhizon, and Astraeus hygrometricus were typically found on disturbed sites. Visual observations and direct isolations from ectomycorrhizae further indicated that the symbionts differed between the burn site and mature jack pine – lichen woodlands. A majority of the ectomycorrhizae in all sites were nondescript and could not be identified by culturing. Unlike the vascular plants, ectomycorrhizal symbionts were very numerous without any single species or small group of species dominating jack pine root systems. Pure culture syntheses confirmed that Tricholoma flavovirens, T. pessundatum, T. zelleri, Suillus flavovirens, S. albidipes, Cenococcum geophilum, Laccaria proxima. Scleroderma macrorhizon, Astraeus hygrometricus, Lactarius paradoxus, Coltrichia perennis, and Bankera fuligineo-alba were ectomycorrhizal associates of jack pine.
SERTIFIKASI HALAL SEBAGAI PENERAPAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLAMI DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN BAGI KONSUMEN MUSLIM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Halâl Certification as an Application of Islamic Business Ethics in Muslim Consumer Protection Halâl certification in food is needed by Muslim consumers to provide assurances that they are not consuming or using product or service that are not halâl so that no sin is commited. It is the duty of government to provide assurances to Muslim consumers that consumer goods or services that are circulating amongst society are really halâl. The halâl label itself provides benefits to businesses such as improving consumer confidence to consume, reaching the global halâl food market, increasing the marketability of products in market and low cost investment. Muslim consumers also have to be smart before purchasing product or services for security and safety.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1251
[Maternal risks of medical assistance with procreation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is now well demonstrated that assisted reproductive technologies, namely intra-uterine insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) are the source of maternal complications, sometimes life-threatened. All documented hazards concern the short term. Few are related to the techniques: local, regional or general infections, severe hemorrhages. Most are the consequence of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), thrombosis, multiple pregnancies. High range multiple pregnancies could be prevented by a reduction in the number of embryo transfered, which is now currently limited to two or three in most centers. Similarly, good results can be obtained with intrauterine insemination, while maintaining the multiple pregnancy rate at the physiologic level, about 1%, by avoiding poly-ovulation. In comparison with spontaneous pregnancies, ART pregnancies are more complicated (toxemia, intra-uterine growth retardation, prematurity). The caesarean section rate is over 25% in singleton deliveries, 40% for twins and 89% for triplets. With a long term follow-up of 15 years, no hazard has been demonstrated. Concerns about ovarian epithelial cancer, breast cancer, and premature menopause remain hypothetic. Further studies are in development in this field.
Effects of Increased Supply of Potassium on Growth and Nutrient Content in Pearl Millet under Water Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Influence of increased K supply on growth and nutrient content in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under severe water stress was assessed in a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. Nineteen-day-old plants of two lines, ICMV94133 and WCA-78 were subjected for 30 d to 235, 352.5, and 470 mg(K) kg-1(soil) and two water regimes (100 and 30% field capacity). Increasing soil K supply did not alleviate the adverse effect of water deficit on the growth of two lines of pearl millet. Accumulation of N and K in the shoots of both lines was higher under water deficit than that under well-watered conditions, but such effect was not observed for P or Ca.