jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peptide tyrosine-tyrosine triggers GLP-2-mediated intestinal hypertrophy after Roux en-Y gastric bypass.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal remodeling and adaptation of the alimentary limb after Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) play an important role in the pathophysiological events that lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improvement. Intestinal absorptive loop hypertrophy and growth following surgery have been related to GLP-2 secretion by ileal L-cells. The secretion of PYY enterohormone after a meal has been proposed as a trigger for ileal secretion of GLP-1. Our aim is to determine the role of PYY as a GLP-2 secretion modulator as an adaptation result in the alimentary limb after RYGB. To this, we used a nonobese euglycemic rodent model. Circulating glucose, insulin, PYY and GLP-2 were measured in the experimental and control groups. We used four groups: Fasting Control, Sham-operated, RYGB-operated (RYGB) and RYGB-operated and treated with BIIE0246 (RYGB+BII). BIIE0246 is a NPY2 receptor antagonist in L-cells. Intestinal glucose transporters and GLP-1 and PYY gut expression and hypertrophy were analyzed after twelve weeks of surgery. RYGB increased PYY3-36 plasma levels in rats with or without BII treatment. A high insulin response was observed in the RYGB group but not in the control or RYGB+BII groups. BIIE0246 treatment limited plasma GLP-2 levels. In the alimentary intestinal limb, hypertrophy and SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression appeared to be reduced after RYGB compared to the other groups. We concluded that postprandial ileal PYY secretion is enhanced after RYGB. This increase mediates GLP-2 release through its binding to the Y2 receptor on L-cells. This mechanism plays a role in alimentary limb hypertrophy after surgery.
P079 Building quality improvement capacity for rheumatology: outcomes from the first BSR national workshop

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background/Aims Quality improvement (QI) is now an expected part of healthcare professional practice. After identifying a gap in available training and successfully delivering a QI course for 35 clinicians at the Northwest Rheumatology Club, trainee representatives were invited by the BSR invited to convene a national workshop. Methods The first BSR Quality Improvement Practical Methodology Workshop was held in March 2021 (online, due to COVID-19). Materials were adapted from the well-established Trainees Improving Patient Safety through Quality Improvement (TIPSQI) initiative. Plenaries covered the Model for Improvement, process mapping, SMART aims, driver diagrams, stakeholder engagement, illustrated using rheumatology-specific case-studies. Delegates (with mixed experience / professional role) practiced using tools in small, facilitated, breakout rooms. Pre-course surveys informed course design. Post-course and six-month follow up surveys evaluated impact. Because there are no validated tools to evaluate the impact of QI training, Kirkpatrick’s four-step hierarchical model, commonly used in this context, was employed. Results Of 30 delegates (consultants, trainees, pharmacists, nurses, physiotherapists), 28, 22 and 4 completed pre-course, post-course and six-month surveys, respectively (Table 1). For Kirkpatrick level 1, ‘reaction’, all respondents were ‘satisfied’, with 100% recommending to colleagues. Using driver diagrams as an exemplar to evaluate level 2, ‘learning’, pre-course, delegates were: not aware 16/28(57.1%), aware 9/28(32.1%), confident to use 3/28(10.1%), 0/29(0%) confident to teach. Post-course improvements showed confidence to use 22/22(100%), and teach 12/22(54.6%) (maintained at six months). Given low numbers of six-month respondents, assessing long-term impact is challenging. Evaluating level 3, ‘behaviour’, all 4/4(100%) respondents conducted QI post-course, with 2/4(50%) teaching. Delegates reported that the course gave confidence to use tools and support others. In evaluating level 4, ‘results’, 1/4(25%) felt the course had changed the impact of their work, with 3/4(75%) reporting time and institutional constraints as barriers to conducting QI. Conclusion The QI course has been commissioned as a BSR annual ‘core educational’ offering, with feedback showing it was needed, wanted, and effective in delivering core QI principles. In response to six-month feedback, additional post-course-support is planned in future, aiming to capacity build expertise in QI and embed a sustainable culture of improvement across the rheumatology community. Disclosure C.A. Sharp: None. R. Benson: None. H. Baird: None. E. MacPhie: Other; EM is the North West Rheumatology Club secretary and meetings have been sponsored by MSD, UCB, Abbvie and Lilly.
Competing Under Regulatory Uncertainty: A U.S. Perspective on Advertising in the Emerging European Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Contemplating the 1992 changes in the European Community, this study examines among-country variation in Europe among EC members and nonmembers. Three propositions are tested against data that describe advertising regulations for four key consumer product categories. Findings indicate that there are inconsistencies in these regulations among countries in Western Europe, including EC member nations.
Significance of Research in Green Design of Product: An Overview

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Green design is not on work for waste prevention but also provide solution. This allow the people to produce products with less environmental impact. Electronic waste are now days becoming a bigger challenge in sustainable development. A environmental design process must be considered for pristine the natural resources and reusing the earth’s scare resources, where energy and material consumption is optimized, minimal waste is generated and output waste stream from any process can be used as the raw materials. There are so many methods to analyze the product like SWOT analysis used to analyze the strength and weakness of products market trends and for external factors affecting the success of product and Market Research Survey to understand the customer perspectives. 'Design for Environment' (DFE) is a designing approach focused on reducing the Environmental impact of product throughout its lifecycle. Design research empowers the designer to create better design for the users centric sustainable market. Evaluative Research Design is essential for the product success. It helps to validate the idea, that much particular product is satisfying the targeted consumers.
Pharmacokinetics of bound and unbound telaprevir in cirrhotic patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters of telaprevir (TVR) in patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, measure the unbound (pharmacologically active) plasma concentrations of TVR, and determine if any changes in TVR exposure were of clinical relevance. Ten patients with moderate (Child‐Pugh B) hepatic impairment, 10 matched healthy control volunteers, and 4 nonmatched patients with severe (Child‐Pugh C) hepatic impairment received 750 mg TVR every 8 hours for 6 days. Venous blood samples were collected at various times throughout the study. Single‐dose and steady‐state pharmacokinetics of total and unbound TVR were calculated. Safety and tolerability of TVR were also assessed. The mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve values of total and unbound TVR were lower in patients with moderate hepatic impairment compared with matched healthy controls following a single dose and at steady state but did not consistently meet statistical significance. This trend was also present when patients with severe hepatic impairment were compared with the nonmatched healthy controls. However, the safety profile of TVR in the patient and healthy volunteer groups was comparable with previously published data. These results indicate that reduced plasma concentrations of total and unbound TVR in patients with hepatic impairment are unlikely to be clinically relevant.
Deletion of Gas2l3 in mice leads to specific defects in cardiomyocyte cytokinesis during development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking GAS2L3, a cytoskeleton-associated protein that interacts with actin filaments and tubulin, develop cardiomyopathy and heart failure after birth. During embryogenesis, cardiomyocytes rapidly divide. In the perinatal and neonatal period, cardiomyocytes withdraw from the cell cycle, binucleate, and the further increase in cardiac mass is achieved by hypertrophy. Germ-line deletion of Gas2l3 results in decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Embryonal cardiomyocytes from Gas2l3 -deficient mice exhibit increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and display premature binucleation of cardiomyocytes due to defects in cytokinetic abscission. Together these results suggest that GAS2L3 plays a central role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cytokinesis during development.
NASA Space Technology Can Improve Soldier Health, Performance and Safety

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the primary goals of NASA Life Sciences research is '... to enable a permanent human presence in space.' To meet this goal, NASA is creating alternative protocols designed to evaluate and test countermeasures that will account for and correct the environmental effects of space flight on crewmembers health, safety, and operational performance. NASA investigators have previously evaluated the effects of long-duration space flight on physiology and performance of cosmonauts aboard the MIR space station. They also initiated tests of a countermeasure, Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE) designed to prevent and/or correct adverse effects, i.e., facilitate adaptation to space and re-adaptation to Earth. AFTE is a six-hour physiological training program that has proven to be a highly efficient and effective method for enabling people to monitor and voluntarily control a range of their own physiological responses, thereby minimizing adverse reactions to environmental stress. However, because of limited opportunities to test this technology with space flight crews, it is essential to find operational or 'real world' environments in which to validate the efficacy of this approach.
Change detection using linear prediction in hyperspectral imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The detection of objects in hyperspectral imagery has many military and civilian applications. One approach to object detection is change detection. Change detection is the process of using images acquired at different times for the detection of objects of interest. The use of change detection algorithms provides a reduction in false alarms over standard one pass algorithms. Numerous change detection algorithms have been proposed and this thesis provides a taxonomy of such algorithms, which can be divided into two classes: direct detection and estimation based detection. Based on mathematical tractability and physical phenomenology, the linear prediction algorithms provide the best option for the detection of objects with no information about the target required. This thesis provides a detailed examination and comparison of different linear prediction approaches to change detection, specifically the chronochrome and covariance equalization algorithms. Additionally, a third linear prediction technique in the form of whitening is proposed. Real hypersectral data is used to compare the algorithms in three different scenarios. First, a well controlled scene is used to asses performance with registered images in the presence of illumination changes. Second, an aerial image pair that is not co-registered is used to compare the algorithms performance when the targets are in the overlapping region of two images. Lastly, an aerial image pair of an airport scene is used to test the algorithms in the presence of significant man made clutter.
Use of Lean Six Sigma methods to eliminate fume hood disorder

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fume hoods are common laboratory equipment used to protect researchers from dangerous fumes. However, they are often improperly used as storage cabinets or otherwise allowed to accumulate contents that impair their effectiveness. To address this problem of fume hood disorder, the Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (Cambridge CARES) implemented a Lean Six Sigma project to eliminate fume hood disorder. It was found that fume hood disorder could be grouped together into several components, and eliminated by a series of sequential improvements. The result demonstrates the effectiveness of Lean Six Sigma methods for establishing and maintaining laboratory order, while improving goodwill between the lab manager and research workers.
The relaxation method for learning in artificial neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new mathematical approach for deriving learning algorithms for various neural network models including the Hopfield model, Bidirectional Associative Memory, Dynamic Heteroassociative Neural Memory, and Radial Basis Function Networks is presented. The mathematical approach is based on the relaxation method for solving systems of linear inequalities. The newly developed learning algorithms are fast and they guarantee convergence to a solution in a finite number of steps. The new algorithms are highly insensitive to choice of parameters and the initial set of weights. They also exhibit high scalability on binary random patterns. Rigorous mathematical foundations for the new algorithms and their simulation studies are included.
Peran Tenaga Pendidik Dalam Mengembangkan Pola Belajar Siswa di SMK Tunas Berkarya Batam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The era of globalization demands the role of teachers to adapt to the challenges that are not easy in teaching and fostering students who are their duties and responsibilities as educators. Tri Dharma of Higher Education as a guide for lecturers in carrying out their duties as educators. Community service, on this occasion carried out at SMK Tunas Muda Berkarya Batu Aji Batam. The purpose of service is to conduct training for Educators in Developing Effective Learning Patterns for students. The method we use is to give presentations and discussions for 1 hour and 30 minutes to educators and students so that we get input on appropriate learning for students and efficient methods in implementing learning to students. The results of the service concluded that the increasing understanding of teachers about effective learning patterns applied to students by combining offline and online learning and hubryd learning learning so that students become many alternative learning options that are not boring.
Expression of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in the Human Hypothalamus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The hypothalamus is a major target for glucocorticoids and a key structure for hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal ( HPA ) axis setpoint regulation. The enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β HSD 1) modulates glucocorticoid signalling in various tissues at the prereceptor level by converting biologically inactive cortisone to its active form cortisol. The present study aimed to assess 11β HSD 1 expression in the human hypothalamus. We studied 11β HSD 1 expression in five frozen and four formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded human hypothalami (obtained from the Netherlands Brain Bank) by the polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, respectively. 11β HSD 1 mRNA was expressed in the area of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the biological clock of the brain, in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ), and in the infundibular nucleus, which is the human homologue of the rodent arcuate nucleus. 11β HSD 1 was detected by immunocytochemistry in the same nuclei. In the PVN , neuronal 11β HSD 1 immunoreactivity colocalised with corticotrophin‐releasing hormone ( CRH ), arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, as shown by dual fluorescence staining. Our data demonstrate that 11β HSD 1 is widely expressed in the human hypothalamus. Its colocalisation with CRH in the PVN suggests a role in modulation of glucocorticoid feedback of the HPA axis, whereas the expression of 11β HSD 1 in additional and functionally diverse hypothalamic nuclei points to a role for the enzyme in the regulation of metabolism, appetite and circadian rhythms.
[CpNi(diselenolene)] Neutral Radical Complexes:  Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Density Functional Theory Investigations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

77Se-enriched CpNi(bds) (bds = 1,2-benzenediselenolate), has been synthesized and its g tensor and 77Se hyperfine tensors have been obtained from its frozen solution electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum. These parameters are consistent with those calculated by density functional theory (DFT); it is shown that 10% of the spin is localized on each selenium and that the direction associated to the maximum 77Se couplings is aligned along the gmin direction, perpendicular to the Ni(bds) plane. EPR measurements and DFT calculations are also carried out on the 77Se enriched complex CpNi(dsit) as well on the two dithiolene analogues CpNi(bdt) and CpNi(dmit). The optimized structures of the isolated CpNi(bds) and CpNi(bdt) complexes have been used to generate the idealized dimers (bds)NiCp...CpNi(bds) and (bdt)NiCp...CpNi(bdt) characterized by Cp...Cp overlap. The exchange parameters J calculated at the DFT level for these systems are in reasonable accord with the experimental values. The influence of the geometry of the dimer on its magnetic properties is assessed by calculating the variation of J as a function of the relative orientation of the two Ni(diselenolene) or Ni(dithiolene) planes.
Scirtes maxi Yoshitomi & Ruta 2010, sp. n.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scirtes maxi Yoshitomi & Ruta, sp. n. Figs. 4G, 10 Type material. Holotype (BMNH): 1 male, “ SARAWAK: Mt. Dulit, 4,000 ft. Moss forest., 18.x.1932.”, “Oxford Univ. Exp., B. M. Hobby & A. W. Moore., B.M. 1933-254.” Description. Male. Body oblong, moderately convex, shining. Coloration of head and pronotum yellowish, disc of pronotum slightly infuscate; scutellum and legs darker, yellowish-brown; antennae yellowishbrown, unicolour; elytra dark brown, but anterior margin, surrounding parts of scutellum and suture are yellowish-brown. Each elytron with maculation consisting of three groups of spots: anterior five elongated spots arranged in transverse band (two outermost are fused anteriorly and connected with anterior elytral margin), situated in basal 1/4; middle band consisting of five elongate oval spots, situated just behind the middle of elytra; posterior spots oval, situated in apical portion. Head of moderate size, slightly convex dorsally, finely punctate; clypeus long, expanded antero-laterally, gently arcuate in front margin. Eyes moderate in size, prominent; the distance between the eyes ca. 2.0 times longer than the maximum diameter of an eye. Antennae filiform, reaching ca. proximal 1/4 of elytra. Pronotum slightly convex in mesal part of the disk, finely punctate; antero-lateral angles somewhat acute, projecting anteriorly; front and lateral margins gently arcuate; postero-lateral angles right-angled; posterior margin slightly bisinuate; PW / PL 2.30. Scutellum relatively small, finely punctate, equilateral-triangular. Elytra oblong-oval, widest at the middle, punctation slightly stronger than on pronotum; humeri elevated; EL/EW 1.17; EL/ PL 4.68; EW/ PW 1.73; TL/EW 1.42. Legs long. Hind tibial spurs damaged in the holotype, only one ventral spur is present, which is ca. 0.3 times as long as hind tarsomere 1. Tergite VIII moderately sclerotized, subtrapezoidal, bearing a row of setae on apical margin, with a pair of long apodemes; tergite IX lightly sclerotized, apical margin arcuate, with a pair of stout apodemes diverging basally; sternite IX bearing dense setae in apical part. Aedeagus asymmetrical. Tegmen well sclerotized, connected with penis; basal part semicircular; parameres wide, slightly longer than basal part, each paramere differently curved. Penis well sclerotized, with bifid, subparallel apices, distinctly shorter than paremeres, connected with tegmen in apical part, exceeding basal part of parameres. Female. Unknown. Measurements. Male (n = 1): TL 4.55 mm; PW 1.85 mm; PL 0.80 mm; EL 3.75 mm; EW 3.20 mm. Distribution. Borneo Isl. (Sarawak). Etymology. This species is dedicated to Maxwell Barlclay, Curator of Coleoptera at BMNH to honour his valuable help in obtaining materials used in the present study. Notes. Sharing features of Scirtes luteomaculatus Pic (yellow pronotum with only slightly darkened disc, relatively small body) and Scirtes teruhisai sp. n. (anterior elytral band consisting of elongated spots). Certain identification possible on the basis of morphology of aedeagus with wide and long parameres.
NEUTRON AND GAMMA-RAY HEATING IN IRON SLABS. NUCLEAR PULSE PROPULSION CONCEPT,

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Radiation heating in iron slabs 2 to 8 inches thick is calculated for monoenergetic neutrons and gamma rays incident normal to the slab. Transmission, reflection, and absorption of the energy and the number of neutrons are presented for neutrons of energies from 1.9 ev to 14 Mev. The heat deposition and energymission are presented for gammas of 0.5 to 8 Mev. Monte Carlo techniques are used for the high-energy (greater than 0.5 Mev) neutron calculations and the one-dimensional neutron transport code DSN is used for the low-energy neutron calculations. Monte Carlo techniques and gamma-ray differen tial energy spectra are used in the gamma cal culations. (Author)
Study of the first excited state in 5Li

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The reaction 6Li(3He, α)5Li(α)p has been studied with a 1.8 MeV incident 3He beam. Coincidence spectra (α - α) were measured at θ1 = 25°, 35°, 40° and θ2 = - 150°. The purpose was to locate the first excited state of 5Li. The analysis yields Ex = 3.2 ± 0.2 MeV and Γ = 1.5 ± 0.5 MeV .
Stop Aging Disease! ICAD 2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On November 1-2, 2014, there took place in Beijing, China, the first International Conference on Aging and Disease (ICAD 2014) of the International Society on Aging and Disease (ISOAD). The conference participants presented a wide and exciting front of work dedicated to amelioration of aging-related conditions, ranging from regenerative medicine through developing geroprotective substances, elucidating a wide range of mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases, from energy metabolism through genetics and immunomodulation to systems biology. The conference further emphasized the need to intensify and support research on aging and aging-related diseases to provide solutions for the urgent health challenges of the aging society.
TIME-RESPONSE EFFECT OF INSULIN UPON THE LEVEL OF PLASMAAMINO ACIDS IN THE FUNCTIONALLY EVISCERATED RAT

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article TIME-RESPONSE EFFECT OF INSULIN UPON THE LEVEL OF PLASMAAMINO ACIDS IN THE FUNCTIONALLY EVISCERATED RAT Get access DWIGHT J. INGLE, DWIGHT J. INGLE 1The Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GLORIA TORHALBA, GLORIA TORHALBA 1The Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar VIOLKTA FLORKS VIOLKTA FLORKS 1The Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 58, Issue 3, 1 March 1956, Pages 388–390, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-58-3-388 Published: 01 March 1956