jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Students' expectations and perceptions of the sport offering at the Durban University of Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate customer service quality at DUT. The objectives were: to identify students’ expectations of service quality in sport at the DUT; to determine students’ perceptions of the service quality in sport at DUT; to determine the gap between expectations and perceptions; and to analyse the relationship between selected biographical characteristics and expectations and perceptions of students, using a questionnaire developed from the SERVQUAL instrument. A total of 400 students have completed the survey during the period May 2010 to June 2010. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Several service quality dimensions were identified and as expected, students’ experiences of service delivery fell short of their expectations particularly for the dimension. All the service quality dimensions in the students’ surveys of sport at the DUT contain negative mean gap scores. From these findings the Sports department at the DUT can identify more specifically the failures in its service quality and seek to improve upon them. Service quality dimensions that are deemed to be good predictors of service quality for students of the DUT sport offering have been related to factors such as the “Tangibility”, Reliability”, “Responsiveness”, “Assurance” and “Empathy. It can be observed that all these dimensions have highly negative mean gap scores. Consequently, the Durban University of Technology will have to address these dimensions more precisely in its attempt to improve its service quality, especially the “Reliability” Dimension, which has emerged as the most important service quality predictor.
Expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling in mater--fetal interface of human first trimester gestation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling in human villa and decidua of first trimester gestation. We first obtained villous tissues and decidual tissues from 38 women who had undergone selective termination at 7-9 weeks of normal gestation. The transcripts of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 in villous tissues and decidual tissues were detected by using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 from cultured trophoblasts and decidual stromal cells were detected. Also the protein expression of 35 pregnant women were detected by western blot. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the location of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 in matemo-fetal interface. IL-10 and IFN-Gamma secreted by cells in vitro were detected by ELISA. The expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 were found in mater-fetal interface, while positive expression of SOCS3 in villi/decidua was 73.7%/71.1%, and that of SOCS2 was 50.0%/39.5%, then SOCS1 expression was 34.2%/31.6%. The protein expression of SOCS1 ,SOCS2, SOCS3 were similar to the transcription level. SOCS1, SOCS2 ,SOCS3 were mainly expressed in villi and decidual stroma. Trophoblasts and decidual stromal cells were not found the expression of SOCS1, but the low level mRNA of SOCS2, SOCS3 without serum, and IL-10 secreted by them increased significantly （P<0.05）. A variety of SOCS1, SOCS2 ,SOCS3 were expressed in mater-fetal interface of human first trimester gestation , and trophoblasts and decidual stromal cells in vitro expressed SOCS2, SOCS3 without stimulating factors. Hence, these SOCS may play an important biological role in balance of Th during normal human pregnancy.
The Design of Mobile Phone Materials Management System Based on MVC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of Internet, the material management system is an imperative system on enterprise. It is not only deviating user's manual manage, but also developing to Internet. This paper analyzes existing conditions of mobile company and existing domestic mobile phone industry's materials management system, against the company's capital, technology, weak strength of the present situation, it proposed a material management system solution by using PHP + MYSQL based on MVC. This paper discusses the overall development of situation of material supply management system, emphasizing system requirements analysis, designing and developing. Because this system is a custom development information system...
GIS research project on karst in Bulgaria

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper is focusing on the development of geographic information system (GIS) which aim is to facilitate the study of anthropogenic influence on karst systems in Bulgaria by analysing characteristic model areas. Five model areas are selected representing different types of karst systems in the context of the political, socio-economic, and global changes. This study is part of the project „Current impacts of global changes on evolution of karst (based on the i ntegrated monitoring of model karst geosystems in Bulgaria)”, Science Research Fund.
Multi-layer Secure Model of Task-based Information Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Task-based information systems are special systems for task-based application with high secure requirements and explicitly secure goals. It has explicit application border, fixed process and roles and a lot of pre-experience knowledge. In order to develop the secure task-based information systems, secure models of the systems should be built firstly. A multi-layer secure policy model of the task-based information systems is proposed in the paper. According with the least privilege principle, we consider the properties of subject and object, the requirement, secure policies and action environment together, introduce the confidentiality check engine and integrity check engine, and transit the authorization trusted of the subject to action trusted in the secure model. Its implementation provides a good reference for the design of the secure task-based information system as well.
Analysis of Halal Marketing Strategy for Food Products in Sharia-Based MSMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research examines the implementation of halal marketing strategies in Sharia-based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in the food sector. With the growing consumer awareness of halal certification and Islamic values, halal marketing has become a crucial component for businesses aiming to align with religious ethics while remaining competitive in the marketplace. This study employs a qualitative approach through interviews and observations of selected MSMEs to explore how Islamic marketing principles are understood and applied in practice. The findings reveal that while most MSMEs demonstrate a strong commitment to offering halal products, their marketing practices often fall short of fully aligning with Sharia principles, particularly in promotional ethics, transparency, and distribution channels. Factors such as limited knowledge, lack of formal training, and challenges in accessing halal certification contribute to these inconsistencies. Despite these limitations, MSMEs show high potential to strengthen their halal positioning through ethical marketing strategies and digital engagement. This study contributes to the academic literature by highlighting the intersection of Islamic marketing theory and MSME development, offering practical insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and Islamic economic institutions. It recommends the need for capacity building, financial support, and policy reform to foster a more inclusive and sustainable halal business ecosystem.
Effect of Encoding Method on the Distribution of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the evaluation of the effect of the method of ECG signal encoding, based on nonlinear characteristics such as information entropy and Lempel-Ziv complexity, on the distribution of cardiac arrhythmias. Initially proposed a procedure electrocardiographic gating to compensate for errors inherent in the process of filtering segments. For the evaluation of distributions and determine which of the different encoding methods produces greater separation between different kinds of arrhythmias studied (AFIB, AFL, SVTA, VT, Normal's), use a function based on the dispersion of the elements on the centroid of its class, the result being that the best encoding for the entire system is through the method of threshold value for a ternary code with E = 1 / 12.
Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESAs): Reassessment of Use in Cancer and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Settings in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4538 Introduction International reassessments of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia have recently occurred. While ESAs prevent blood transfusions and, improve select quality of life domains among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, 8 trials individually identified increased mortality and/or tumor progression among cancer patients treated with ESAs. For CKD, one study of non-dialysis CKD patients targeted to higher versus lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels identified 34% increased relative risk (17.5% vs. 13.5%) for death, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure hospitalization, or stroke with a higher Hb target. Methods Guidelines, notifications from regulatory agencies and manufacturers, reimbursement policies, and utilization for ESAs in the cancer and CKD settings within the U.S., Europe, and Canada were reviewed. Results: Cancer Setting In 2008, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) restricted ESAs from cancer patients seeking cure. Reimbursement is limited to Hb levels < 10 g/dL. In the U.S., ESA usage increased 340% between 2001 and 2006, and decreased 60% since 2007. The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) reports that ESA benefits do not outweigh risks. In Europe, ESA reimbursement is included in global provider payments. Between 2001 and 2006, ESA use increased 51%; since 2006, use has decreased 10%. Canadian manufacturers recommend ESA usage based on patient preference. In Canada, reimbursement for myelosuppressive chemotherapy with ESAs is restricted to Hb levels of 10-11 g/dL in Alberta and 11-12.5 g/dL in British Columbia. Usage increased 20% between 2004 and 2007. CKD Setting The FDA recommends Hb levels < 12 g/dL and Medicare reimbursement is restricted to Hb levels ≥ 13 g/dL. Between 2001 and 2006, usage increased 480% (non-dialysis) and 40% (dialysis) in the U.S. Since 2007, ESA use has decreased 30% (non-dialysis) and 17% (dialysis). The EMEA recommends target Hb levels of 10-12 g/dL. In Europe, ESA usage has increased 10% since 2001. The 2009 Canadian label recommends Hb levels < 12 g/dL. Within Canada, ESA usage increased 30% since 2004. Conclusions While reassessments of ESA safety have occurred internationally, safety concerns in the U.S. have resulted in marked decrements in ESA use among cancer and CKD patients, whereas in Europe and Canada ESA use has increased over time. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Evaluating Phthalates and Bisphenol in Foods: Risks for Precocious Puberty and Early-Onset Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent scientific results indicate that diet is the primary source of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their use in food processing, pesticides, fertilizers, and migration from packaging to food, particularly in plastic or canned foods. Although EDCs are not listed on nutrition labels, their migration from packaging to food could inadvertently lead to food contamination, affecting individuals by inhalation, ingestion, and direct contact. The aim of our narrative review is to investigate the role of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) in foods, assessing their risks for precocious puberty (PP) and early-onset obesity, which are two clinical entities that are often associated and that share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The diverse outcomes observed across different studies highlight the complexity of phthalates and BPA effects on the human body, both in terms of early puberty, particularly in girls, and obesity with its metabolic disruptions. Moreover, obesity, which is independently linked to early puberty, might confound the relationship between exposure to these EDCs and pubertal timing. Given the potential public health implications, it is crucial to adopt a precautionary approach, minimizing exposure to these EDCs, especially in vulnerable populations such as children.
Association between maternal depression and child nutritional status: A cross-sectional study of adolescent mothers and their children in Ghana

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Childhood malnutrition is a major global public health issue, contributing to half of all deaths in children under five years of age. Adolescent mothers face social, biological, and economic challenges that increase their risk for depression. While maternal depression may impact child growth, limited studies have examined this association among adolescent mothers and their children. This study examined the association between maternal depression and child growth status indicators among adolescent mothers and their children in Ghana. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2022 among 203 adolescent mother-child pairs (mothers aged 12-19, children aged <5) in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. We collected socio-demographic information and assessed maternal depressive symptoms, using validated tools. Child weight and height were measured and converted to z-scores using the WHO Anthro software and classified as stunted, underweight or wasted if height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) or weight-for-height (WHZ) z-scores were < -2SD, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to test the association between depressive symptom scores and child growth indicators, adjusting for covariates. Results: The mean (±SD) age of mothers and their children was 17.8 ±1.1 years and 11.1 ±9.6 months, respectively. Nearly half (47.8%) of mothers reported depressive symptoms. Nearly one in four (24.1%) children were stunted, 17.7% were underweight and 8.9% were wasted. There were no significant associations between maternal depressive symptom scores and continuous (HAZ, WAZ, WHZ) and binary (stunting, underweight, and wasting) child growth indicators. Conclusion: Although no significant associations were observed between maternal depressive symptoms and child growth indicators, future research should investigate the determinants of depressive symptoms among adolescent mothers given the high prevalence observed. Studies should investigate other factors influencing child growth in this population, considering the lack of direct association with maternal depressive symptoms.
A Question of Norton–Sullivan in the Analytic Case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In 1996, A. Norton and D. Sullivan asked the following question: If $f:\mathbb{T}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{T}^2$ is a diffeomorphism, $h:\mathbb{T}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{T}^2$ is a continuous map homotopic to the identity, and $h f=T_{\rho } h$, where $\rho \in \mathbb{R}^2$ is a totally irrational vector and $T_{\rho }:\mathbb{T}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{T}^2,\, z\mapsto z+\rho $ is a translation, are there natural geometric conditions (e.g., smoothness) on $f$ that force $h$ to be a homeomorphism? In [ 22], the 1st author and Z. Zhang gave a negative answer to the above question in the $C^{\infty }$ category: in general, not even the infinite smoothness condition can force $h$ to be a homeomorphism. In this article, we give a negative answer in the $C^{\omega }$ category (see also [ 22, Question 3]): we construct a real analytic conservative and minimal totally irrational pseudo-rotation of $\mathbb{T}^2$ that is semi-conjugate to a translation but not conjugate to a translation.
Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Pattern Identification of a Centrifugal Pump Based on SMOTE and Artificial Neural Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The accurate identification of the gas–liquid two-phase flow pattern within the impeller of a centrifugal pump is critical to develop a reliable model for predicting the gas–liquid two-phase performance of the centrifugal pump. The influences of the inlet gas volume fraction, the liquid phase flow rate and the pump rotational speed on the flow characteristics of the centrifugal pump were investigated experimentally. Four typical flow patterns in the impeller of the centrifugal pump, i.e., the bubble flow, the agglomerated bubble flow, the gas pocket flow and the segregated flow, were obtained, and the corresponding flow pattern maps were drawn. After oversampling based on the SMOTE algorithm, a four-layer artificial neural network model with two hidden layers was constructed. By selecting the appropriate network super parameters, including the neuron numbers in the hidden layer, the learning rate and the activation function, the different flow patterns in the centrifugal pump impeller were identified. The identification rate of the model increased from 89.91% to 94.88% when the original data was oversampled by the SMOTE algorithm. It is demonstrated that the SMOTE algorithm is an effective method to improve the accuracy of the artificial neural network model. In addition, the Kappa coefficient, the Macro-F1 and the Micro-F1 were 0.93, 0.95 and 0.95, respectively, indicating that the model established in this paper can well identify the flow pattern in the impeller of a centrifugal pump.
The Growing Diversity and Inconsistency in the IIA System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract My comments concern the substantive provisions of international investment agreements and the increased recourse to treaty-based investment dispute settlement. Patrick Juillard highlights the issue of lack of coherence between awards rendered by international arbitral tribunals and explained it with the lack of coherence among the investment treaties that are at the basis of interpretation and application in investor-State dispute settlement cases. He specifically mentions the different approaches taken by the United States and Canada on the one hand and European countries on the other hand. Illustrations of this explanation can be found in the study on Bilateral Investment Treaties 1995–2006: Trends in International Rule-making.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐ or Iron‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Grignard Reagents Using Atmospheric Oxygen as an Oxidant.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Broad-Spectrum Catalyst for Aliphatic Polymer Breakdown

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermolysis of the well-defined aluminum fluoroalkoxide supported on silica (≡SiOAl(OC(CF3)3)2(O(Si≡)2), 1, 0.20 mmolAl g-1) at 200 °C forms a fluorinated amorphous silica-alumina (F-ASA) containing a distribution of Al(IV), Al(V), and Al(VI) sites that maintain relatively strong Lewis acidity. Small amounts of Brønsted sites are also present in F-ASA. Solid-state NMR studies show that a majority of the aluminum centers in F-ASA are not close to the Si-F groups that form during thermolysis. F-ASA is exceptionally reactive in cracking (or pyrolysis) reactions of neat polymer melts. Catalyst loadings as low as 2 wt % (0.017 mol % aluminum) efficiently break down isotactic polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, ethylene/1-octene copolymer, and postconsumer wastes. The major products of this reaction are hyperbranched liquid paraffins containing internal olefins and very small amounts of aromatics. Under continuous distillation of oils from the reaction mixtures, pyrolysis on 50 g reaction scales is feasible. F-ASA cokes and deactivates during this reaction but can be reactivated by calcination in air. These properties are complementary to other state-of-the-art catalysts for polymer breakdown, but unlike those catalysts F-ASA does not require an additional cofed reactant (e.g., H2, olefin, etc.) to drive the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Tubes and Cubes, Chips and Tips: Tools for Solid‐Phase Organic Synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Test Bench for Testing Agricultural Spray Nozzles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Droplet size distribution is probably the most important feature of a spray as it affects all aspects of a phytosanitary treatment, i.e., biological, environmental, and safety aspects. This study describes a low-cost laboratory test bench able to analyze agricultural spray nozzles under realistic conditions. The design of the equipment was mainly based on the ISO 5682-1 standard. It has a couple of 3 m long rails, along which the nozzle under test moves while spraying, controlled by a closed-loop position and speed controller. The drops were captured with three Petri dishes containing silicone oil, photographed by means of a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, and then analyzed with the ImageJ software in order to measure the usual spray parameters: the volumetric diameters, the Sauter mean diameter, and the number mean diameter. Spray trials and tuning of the system parameters were managed by means of a purposely designed user interface running on a Windows 10 PC. Some tests were carried out by using an Albuz ATR80 orange hollow cone nozzle at the working pressures of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa. The results about spray quality agree with the factory information, and the whole system, even if some aspects still need improvements, has proven reliable.
Abstract Consistent and Automatic Replica Regeneration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reducing management costs and improving the availability of large-scale distributed systems require automatic replica regeneration, i.e., creating new replicas in response to replica failures. A major challenge to regeneration is maintaining consistency when the replica group changes. Doing so is particularly difficult across the wide area where failure detection is complicated by network congestion and node overload. In this context, this paper presents Om, the first read/write peer-to-peer wide-area storage system that achieves high availability and manageability through online automatic regeneration while still preserving consistency guarantees. We achieve these properties through the following techniques. First, by utilizing the limited view divergence property in today’s Internet and by adopting the witness model, Om is able to regenerate from any single replica rather than requiring a majority quorum, at the cost of a small (10 −6 in our experiments) probability of violating consistency. As a result, Om can deliver high availability with a small number of replicas, while traditional designs would significantly increase the number of replicas. Next, we distinguish failure-free reconfigurations from failureinduced ones, enabling common reconfigurations to proceed with a single round of communication. Finally, we use a lease graph among the replicas and a two-phase write protocol to optimize for reads, and reads in Om can be processed by any single replica. Experiments on PlanetLab show that consistent regeneration in Om completes in approximately 20 seconds. 1