jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Waxy-Crude Production Management in a Deepwater Subsea Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary Systematic experimental and modeling approaches to designing a safe operating strategy for a 5-km deepwater-subsea-flowline case study are presented to address unplanned shutdown and restart events for waxy-crude production. The measurements confirmed that the fluid behaves like Bingham plastic when it is allowed to become gel at the seabed temperature of 4°C. The cool-down period was modeled using the transient simulator validated by measurements and was predicted to take 21 hours. The restart pressure was then modeled for both stock-tank and at-line pressure conditions. These restart pressure requirements were found to be 2,500 and 2,100 psi, respectively, for stock-tank and at-line pressure conditions. Also, the use of pour-point depressants demonstrated that the fluid would not form gel at the seabed temperature of 4°C. However, the current shut-in wellhead pressure of 2,500 psi is deemed adequate to restart the lines in the event of unplanned shutdown without the use of chemicals. The presence of a subsea pig-launching pump provides a safety factor for restart in case the line pressure is released to atmospheric conditions. Hence, the operating strategy does not require injection of pour-point depressants at the current state. However, in future when the shut-in wellhead pressure falls below 2,500 psi, the operating strategy is expected to be modified accordingly.
Construction of a Chiral Fluorescent Probe for Tryptophan Enantiomers/Ascorbic Acid Identification

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers is critical in enhancing drug efficacy, detecting disease markers, and understanding physiological processes. Enantioselective fluorescent identification has gained attention among researchers due to its nontoxicity, easy synthesis, and biocompatibility. In this work, chiral fluorescent carbon dots (CCDs) were produced through a hydrothermal reaction followed by chiral modification. The fluorescent probe, Fe3+-CCDs (F-CCDs), was constructed by complexing Fe3+ with CCDs to differentiate between the enantiomers of tryptophan (Trp) and determine ascorbic acid (AA) through an "on-off-on" response. It is worth noting that l-Trp can greatly enhance the fluorescence of F-CCDs with a blue shift, whereas d-Trp does not have any effect on the fluorescence of F-CCDs. F-CCDs showed a low limit of detection (LOD) for l-Trp and l-AA, with an LOD of 3.98 and 6.28 μM, respectively. The chiral recognition mechanism of tryptophan enantiomers using F-CCDs was proposed based on the interaction force between the enantiomers and F-CCDs, as confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The determination of l-AA by F-CCDs was also confirmed through the binding of l-AA to Fe3+ to release CCDs, as seen in UV-vis absorption spectra and time-resolved fluorescence decays. In addition, AND and OR gates were constructed based on the different responses of CCDs to Fe3+ and Fe3+-CCDs to l-Trp/d-Trp, demonstrating the significance of molecular-level logic gates in drug detection and clinical diagnosis.
Proteomic analysis of the SMN complex reveals conserved and etiologic connections to the proteostasis network

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction Molecular chaperones and co-chaperones are highly conserved cellular components that perform a variety of duties related to the proper three-dimensional folding of the proteome. The web of factors that carries out this essential task is called the proteostasis network (PN). Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) represent an underexplored area in terms of the connections they make with the PN. The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) complex is an assembly chaperone and serves as a paradigm for studying how specific RNAs are identified and paired with their client substrate proteins to form RNPs. SMN is the eponymous component of a large complex, required for the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U-snRNPs), that localizes to distinct membraneless organelles in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of animal cells. SMN protein forms the oligomeric core of this complex, and missense mutations in the human SMN1 gene are known to cause Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The basic framework for understanding how snRNAs are assembled into U-snRNPs is known. However, the pathways and mechanisms used by cells to regulate their biogenesis are poorly understood. Methods Given the importance of these processes to normal development as well as neurodegenerative disease, we set out to identify and characterize novel SMN binding partners. We carried out affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) of Drosophila SMN complexes using fly lines exclusively expressing either wildtype or SMA-causing missense alleles. Results Bioinformatic analyses of the pulldown data, along with comparisons to proximity labeling studies carried out in human cells, revealed conserved connections to at least two other major chaperone systems including heat shock folding chaperones (HSPs) and histone/nucleosome assembly chaperones. Notably, we found that heat shock cognate protein Hsc70-4 and other HspA family members preferentially associated with SMA-causing alleles of SMN. Discussion Hsc70-4 is particularly interesting because its mRNA is aberrantly sequestered by a mutant form of TDP-43 in mouse and Drosophila ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) disease models. Most important, a missense allele of Hsc70-4 (HspA8 in mammals) was recently identified as a bypass suppressor of the SMA phenotype in mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that chaperone-related dysfunction lies at the etiological root of both ALS and SMA.
Evaluasi Rambu Lalu Lintas Dan Marka Jalan Ruas Veteran Utara Dan Veteran Selatan

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The empirical phenomenon of transportation problems, mainly on the Veteran Utara – Veteran Selatan section, is traffic and lack of driver discipline, causing traffic circulation disturbances, especially on the Veteran Utara – Veteran Selatan road section, which is irregular on a regular basis for road users to the presence of signs and roads. The aim of the research is to determine the placement and need for signs and road markings in North Veteran and South Veteran and to determine the influence of the placement of road signs and markings on North Veteran and South Veteran roads.As for the results of the study, the most severe existing locations are roads that have reverse signposts but do not have facilities for turning back so as to increase road users and increase the potential for accidents, while for the placement of markings there are still many locations that require re-marking because they are starting to fade markings along STA 0+000 – STA 0+3000 are like longitudinal dotted lines and markings crossing the stop line (zebra cross), with the fading of these markings will reduce the level of discipline of road users and increase the potential for traffic accidents
REPELLENT AND OVIPOSITION DETERRENT ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM MIKANIA MICRANTHA AND ITS COMPOUNDS ON PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of the essential oil from Mikania micrantha and five volatile compounds including limonene, α‐terpinene, linalool, β‐caryophylene and verbenone on the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella , was investigated in door and in net‐house. The results showed that the essential oil of the M. micrantha had significant repellant effect (at flow 100–180 mL/min) and oviposition deterrent activity at dose 10–20 μL/seedling for the DBM. In five volatile compounds, α‐terpinene, limonene and linalool had significant effect on repellent and oviposition deterrent of the DBM moths, but verbenone and β‐caryophylene, no significantly effect was observed in repellent and oviposition deterrent.
A Single Source-Aided Inertial Integrated Navigation Scheme for Passive Navigation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A passive navigation method of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) without transmitting signals is stressed in this article, which has the advantages of good concealment and high security. An inertial navigation system (INS) is a kind of autonomous navigation, which can be used for the passive positioning of AUVs. However, the divergence of INS error limits its application in long endurance and long-range navigation. Thus, a single source-aided inertial integrated navigation scheme is proposed in this article. A fixed sound source emits the acoustic signal periodically, and the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of the signal is adopted to suppress the error divergence of INS. The AUV does not need to interact with the sound source. The principle of single source location is analyzed and an INS/TDOA tightly coupled integrated navigation model is designed to reduce the inertial navigation error. The simulation and field tests show that the proposed method can effectively restrain the divergence of inertial navigation errors. The AUV can autonomously complete error correction near the sound source and realize the passive navigation and positioning function for long endurance.
Neglected Fractures of the Lateral Humeral Condyle in Children; Which Treatment for Which Condition?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Neglected fractures of the lateral humeral condyle (LHC) are misdiagnosed or insufficiently treated fractures, presenting later than 3 weeks after injury. The management of neglected LHC fractures in children remains controversial. Methods: Twenty-seven children were included in this retrospective study. Charts and medical records were investigated for demographics, time interval between injury and treatment, and type of treatment. Baseline radiographs were assessed for fracture grading and displacement. Final radiographs were investigated for bone healing, avascular necrosis, elbow deformities and growth disturbances. Complications were classified by the Clavien–Dindo–Sink (CDS) system. Outcomes were assessed according to the Dhillon Score (DhiS) and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Results: The mean time from injury to presentation was 27 months. Treatments included nonoperative management (6 patients), “in-situ” fixation (7 patients), open reduction and internal fixation (11 patients) and corrective osteotomy (3 patients). The mean follow-up was 7 years (range: 2–16). Overall, we observed complications in 16 patients (59%); six complications were considered major (22%) and occurred in Weiss Grade 3 fractures, with lateral displacement ≥5 mm. At the latest follow-up, pain and functional scores improved in 23 of 27 patients (85%). Mean MEPS increased from an average of 62 points preoperatively to 98 points postoperatively, while mean DhiS improved on average from 5 to 8 points. CDS score and time interval between injury and treatment were independent predictors of MEPS and DhiS. Conclusion: Our study describes outcomes from a cohort of children undergoing different treatments for neglected LHC fractures. Prolonged time interval between injury and treatment and perioperative major complications negatively impacted the treatment outcomes. Our findings strengthen the requirement for widely agreed guidelines of surgical management in neglected LHC fractures.
Guided tissue regeneration around dental implants in immediate extraction sockets: comparison of e-PTFE and a new titanium membrane.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the efficacy of guided tissue regeneration around exposed implant threads, 16 implants were placed into fresh extraction sockets in beagle dogs. Polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes and titanium membranes were used to cover the defects around implants. A control group did not receive any membranes. Results were evaluated histologically. The average gain in bone height was 2.1 mm for e-PTFE sites, 0.8 mm for titanium membranes, and 2.9 mm for control sites. The greatest gain in bone levels was seen for two sites that received e-PTFE membranes and remained covered for the entire evaluation interval. Within the limits of this study, clinical and histologic evidence demonstrated that, when primary coverage is maintained, the use of e-PTFE membranes can significantly enhance bone regeneration around implants.
Limb Threatening Neuropathic Complications From Ankle Fractures in Patients With Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although less common than neuropathic (Charcot) deformities in feet, ankle deformities can occur and produce significant limb threatening complications after injury in patients with longstanding diabetes. A series of six such complications, including one that resulted in amputation and several near amputations, are presented. The authors' primary purpose is to alert or remind physicians and orthopaedic surgeons of the often unanticipated but significant complications of these rare and seemingly mild ankle injuries. A secondary purpose is to point out that complications may be avoided or mitigated with early stabilization and possibly with treatment of bone resorbing, inflammatory processes characteristic of neuroarthropathies.
The effect and possible mechanism of human recombinant growth hormone on proliferation of bile duct carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the effect of human growth hormone(GH) on bile duct cancer cell line(QBC939 cell) and pancreatic carcinoma cell line(BXPC-3 cell) in vitro and the possible mechanism. Methods:The QBC939 and BXPC-3 cells during exponential growth stage were harvested and divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was separated into four sub-groups(50 μg/L 2 h,50 μg/L 24 h,100 μg/L 2 h,100 μg/L 24 h) according to the dose of GH and culture time. After 2 h and 24 h, Insulin-like Growth Factor1 was detected by using ELISA respectively. The carcinoma cells cultured for 24 h with various GH concentration(50 μg/L,100 μg/L) were made into single cell suspentions, and the samples underwent subsequent cell cycle evaluation. IGF1RmRNA was tested with the method of hybridization in vitro. Results:GH stimulated cell growth in vitro and also elevated S phase percent and proliferation index(PI) of cells after 24 h culture(P 0.05). The quantum of IGF1 was significantly increased after 2 h culture in GH groups, but there was no statistical significance between GH groups and NS groups 24 h ago. IGF1RmRNA was expressed in two carcinoma cell lines in contrast to blank controls, and the expression boosted up according to the dose of GH. Conclusion:GH stimulates QBC939 and BXPC-3 cell proliferation in vitro,and the possible mechanism is acted by the axis of GH-IGF1.
Evaluation of Mechanical Anchoring System to Improve Performance of CFRP Mitigated Concrete Slabs under Close-in Blasts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research seeks to determine realistic mitigation strategies to improve the performance of reinforced concrete slabs under close-in blast events. These extreme events can create pressures high enough to powderize concrete and leave an empty rebar cage. This paper will cover the design, construction, and testing of a reinforced concrete beam specimen. The specimen was strengthened with steel plating on the compression face and carbon fiber reinforced polymer pultruded plates on the tension face. Bolts were placed through the specimen to anchor each face. The static test results show that the mechanical anchorage system used was able to fully develop the CFRP plates. However, there was significant slipping of the CFRP leading to increased deflection.
CLONING AND COMPARISON OF HEMOGLOBIN a CHAIN CDNA SEQUENCES FROM FIVE SPECIES OF FISHES IN CYPRINIFORMES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete cDNA sequences endcoding hemaglobin Į chain subunit (or Į globin) were cloned by RTPCR amplification from five species of fishes, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idellus ,Carassius auratus Linnaeus, \nMisgurnus anguillicaudatus ,Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Each of the five Į globin cDNA contains full length of open \nreading frame that encode a 143 amino acid residues of Į globin. The sequence comparison revealed that the Į globin \nsequences among the five species are significantly divergent although they are all classified in Cypriniformes.
Buddhism’s Essential Women

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the preceding chapter, I explored ways Buddhism's concept of no-self can fit within contemporary feminist models—particularly those that resist essentializing women and the feminine. I will examine, in this chapter, Buddhist stories and philosophy that make distinct the role of women from men. This review of Buddhism reveals, to be sure, biases against women. Yet thinkers rework the depictions of women in Buddhist philosophy and culture in order to point to feminist readings of Buddhism. I further explore ways scholars have highlighted the role of women, the feminine, and the maternal play in Buddhism not only as a means to challenge Western thinking but also patriarchy in Buddhist cultures.
Horticulture and botany

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout much of the nineteenth century, the practices of the two fields of horticulture and botany were closely intertwined rather than demarcated into the zones of “garden” and “laboratory,” as they usually are today. The development of botany as a science was shaped by botanists like Joseph Hooker and Charles Darwin, scientists who believed that the field of botany should be codified and elevated. Both men worked with horticulturists as well, however. Horticulturists like J. C. Loudon and Joseph Paxton professed little regard for disciplinary separation. The widespread popularity of science in Victorian England contributed to the shared development of horticulture and botany. The rich mix of science, aesthetics, empire, and domesticity that characterized this complex process was reflected, discussed, and widely debated in Victorian Britain's horticultural, botanical, and aesthetic literature.
Ritual as Action, Performance, and Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the 1970s and the 1980s, scholarly theories of ritual began incorporating the language of ‘action’, ‘performance’, and ‘practice’, partly as a corrective to perceived limitations to existing theory, which was dominated by structuralism and communicative models. Ritual, once conceived as staid and habitual—in the best case, expressive, communicative, and symbolic of already existing ideas, beliefs, and values—was approached freshly in terms of agency and efficacy. In early theory, ritual was said to function as a kind of social glue, binding individuals in groups and confirming social statuses and hierarchies. Performance and action-centred theories variously analyse the socially disruptive and transformative potentials of ritual, questions of aesthetics and embodiment, and the formal, invariant properties of ritual. ‘Action’ is a particularly difficult concept, as it is conceived and used in ritual theory in several different, sometimes antithetical ways.
The Spectacular Difference: Selected poems by Zelda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When I sent my Israeli friend a copy of Marcia Falk’s translation of Zelda’s poems, she said she felt like a child with an unexpected birthday present. Indeed, Marcia has given us all a present in her selection and translation of Zelda’s work. Israeli poet Zelda Schneurson, who wrote under her first name, was born into the Habad dynasty in 1914 in Russia, came to mandatory Palestine with her parents when she was twelve, and spent most of the rest of her life in Jerusalem. Her life was complicated and very difficult, but her poems just kept getting better. These selections are translated from Zelda’s books Leisure (1967), The Invisible Carmel (1971), Be Not Far (1974), Surely a Mountain, Surely Fire (1977), The Spectacular Difference (1981), and Beyond All Distance (1984). The volume is enriched by sensitive, scholarly introductions to many of the poems, as well as notes at the end of the volume explaining Marcia’s own process and choices as a translator. The notes include frequent learned references to what Marcia, the scholar, understands thoroughly and what Zelda was born and bred to understand—the daily and Holy Day liturgy, rabbinic literature and Jewish mysticism in its various forms through the centuries. Marcia has remarked that to translate a poem is actually to engage in the act of creating a new poem in another language. I would respond: yes and no. Looking at the translations that have been made of my own poems into three other languages, at times I find that the translator has found the real poem I meant to write—better than I managed to do myself! But this is not what happens in translating a brilliant, transcendent poet like Zelda.
Polymethyl methacrylate as an ocular implant in muscle cone.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and cosmetic result of polymethyl methacrylate ocular implant in the muscle cone. Methods Ocular implant was made with chemoseting denture base material.52 patients were underwent bulbus oculi content enucleation.During the surgery,scleral shell were out into two semi part and optic nerve were cut off.Polymethyl methacrylate ocular implant were implanted in the muscle cone.Interrupted suture the two part of scleral shell with 5-0 stitchs,and two 2×3 mm holes were made for drainage.Interrupted suture the fascial sheath of eyeball,continuous suture ocular conjunctiva.Pressure dressing after conjunctiva sac filled with oil yarn strips.Implant emulate artificial lamel in conjunctiva sac 3 days after surgery,and demolish conjunctiva suture after 5 days.All cases were followed up at least 6 months. Results After the implantation of polymethyl methacrylate ocular implant,all patients had fine facial effect,the synthetic eye has an appropriate activity,and with no ocular implant exodus. Conclusions With polymethyl methacrylate ocular implant in the muscle cone can achieve fine facial effect,lower cost,surgical convenient and with few complications.
Minimally invasive reoperation through a lateral thoracotomy for circumflex coronary artery bypass.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report 4 cases of redo coronary artery bypass grafting in which the circumflex coronary artery was successfully revascularized using a minimally invasive approach. In reoperative cases, it is easier to approach the circumflex coronary artery from the left side than from the front. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass technology has made it possible to avoid using cardiopulmonary bypass. In our 4 cases, the revascularization procedure was performed via a small left thoracotomy, and without cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients made a good recovery and are free of angina 22 months after operation. We conclude that the thoracotomy approach provides the opportunity to avoid several hazards: a redo sternotomy, dissection of a hostile mediastinum, and manipulation of the heart.
Ferroptosis in common skin diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

摘要: 【摘要】 铁死亡是一种铁依赖性的新型细胞死亡方式,主要由谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4的生物活性下降、脂质过氧化及活性氧的过度累积引起,涉及诸多精细复杂的调控机制,包括铁代谢、脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢及氧化/抗氧化系统。近年,有研究显示铁死亡参与部分常见皮肤疾病的发生发展。本文综述铁死亡的作用机制及其在常见皮肤疾病中的研究进展,以期为皮肤病治疗带来新的研究方向和思路。