jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Konsep Tarbiyah, Ta’lim, dan Tadris dalam Al-Qur’an

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The problem in this research is the discovery of errors in interpreting the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris in the world of education. The Al-Quran explains the many meanings of these tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris. The aim of this research is to discuss the meaning of the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris contained in the Al-Qur'an in order to provide a very relevant understanding. The theories used are the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris. Data collection for this research used qualitative methods which were carried out by means of literature studies taken from several tafsir books, journals and other sources relevant to the topic. The results of this research are that the tarbiyah concept is aimed at an educator to teach step by step following one process after another. This concept term is often used in the world of undergraduate education. The concept of ta'lim itself tends to provide knowledge at an adult level or in other terms, knowledge transfer. This concept is often used in study groups. Meanwhile, the concept of ta'lim is often used in formal education, as this concept involves students, an educator is only a guide and director
Fear of Childbirth, Postpartum Depression, and Birth‐Related Variables as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Childbirth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Childbirth may be a significant cause of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) in women. Aims The objective of this study is to examine the effect of fear of childbirth, postpartum depression, and certain birth‐related variables on postpartum PTSD . Methods This study is a cross‐sectional study. The study was carried out in a maternity hospital nonstress unit between December 1, 2015, and February 29, 2016. Three hundred and one pregnant women who met the criteria for inclusion in the study made up the research sample. Results Fear of childbirth and postpartum depression significantly and positively predicted the level of posttraumatic stress after childbirth (β = 0.17, p < .01; β = 0.68, p < .001). Fear of childbirth explains 3% of the total variance in posttraumatic stress ( R 2 = .03, adjusted R 2 = .02, F = 7.141, p < .01), while postpartum depression explains 47% of it ( R 2 = .47, adjusted R 2 = .46, F = 196.35, p < .001). Satisfaction with the attitudes of the medical staff during childbirth, defining the childbirth experience, and the state of experiencing postpartum problems by the mother are significant predictors of postpartum posttraumatic stress (β = −0.21, p < .01; β = −0.14, p < .05; β = 0.17, p < .01). When these three variables are addressed together, they explain 14% of the total variance ( R 2 = .14, adjusted R 2 = .13, F = 9.33, p < .001). Linking Evidence to Action Postpartum PTSD is a situation that must be carefully emphasized in terms of maternal, baby, and family health. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate postpartum PTSD more quickly and objectively, and healthcare providers have major duties in this respect.
SOA in the Enterprise: A Survey of the Technical Landscape

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article is the first in a series exploring the various technologies and options available to an enterprise when establishing a service-oriented architecture (SOA) roadmap. It introduces the notion of an SOA infrastructure and enriches it with the models and frameworks currently available to SOA implementers. By describing architectural components and frameworks common to SOA, it defines the baseline for the service-oriented enterprise. Subsequent articles will further explore a possible methodology for SOA governance based on the formal description of the purpose of each service. This methodology provides diagrams and template examples of inputs and outputs on the decision paths needed for SOA adoption and roadmaps (REF-1).
The Analysis of Translation Process in Writing Text at The Seventh Semester Students of Universitas Al-Washliyah (UNIVA) Labuhanbatu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aims of the research is to find out the Analysis of students translation process in writing text at Al-washliyah University of Labuhanbatu. In this study the researcher want to know how is the student’s translation process in writing text, what kind of translation process used in the seventh semester students. According to Larson translation classified into two main types; they are form-based and meaning-based translation. Form-based translation attempts to follow the form of the source language and is known as literal translation, while meaning-based translation uses the meaning of source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language and is known as idiomatic translation. At the seventh semester students of Al-Washliyah university of Labuhanbatu, most of them still using literal translation in translating the text, in this research the researcher want to 1. find out kind of translation used in the seventh semester students of UNIVA Labuhanbatu, 2. To know how students translation process at the seventh semester students of UNIVA Labuhanbatu. here the researcher has interviewed and observed them and the researcher has gotten result by giving the test in the seventh semester that The Translation process in the seventh semester students of Al-Washliyah university of labuhanbatu is not maximal because in the test that given to the students, some words still not suitable with the text.most of them still using literal translation and some of them have used idiomatic translation. Because in the test that given to the students some word that they translated still not suitable with the text that given. But their translation is becoming better and better because they already know what translation process that useful for them. And some of them already understand when they must use literal translation or idiomatic translation.
Comparison of caspase‐8 fluorescent substrates for development of microtiter plate homogeneous cell‐based assay

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Caspase‐8 is an initiator enzyme accepting signals from death receptors and activating downstream effectors caspases (caspase‐3, ‐7) through proteolytic cleavage. Caspase‐8 has substrate specificity for the amino acid sequence, Ile‐Glu‐Thr‐Asp (IETD). Although there are a number of assays using IETD based caspase‐8 substrates, those protocols are not optimized for 96‐well plate format and include additional steps of cell harvesting, lysate preparation and subsequent aliquoting of prepared lysates into 96‐well plates. To develop homogeneous 96‐well plate caspase‐8 fluorimetric assays, we compared a series of fluorophores (AMC, AFC and Rh110) linked to IETD peptide. AMC and AFC‐linked substrates tested with purified enzyme gave at least a 2‐fold higher signal/background ratio and better kinetic parameters than the Rh110 labeled substrate. When applied to cells grown and lysed in 96‐well plates, the Ac‐IETD‐AMC substrate showed a high background. The longer‐wavelength spectra of the AFC (Ex/Em=380 nm/500 nm) provided greater sensitivity and less interference from cell media. The use of Ac‐IETD‐AFC substrate for detection of caspase‐8 activity in cells enabled the development of a homogeneous assay with a wide linear range and high signal/background ratio. This assay is ideal for measuring enzyme activity in cells grown in 96‐well plates and for screening of apoptosis inducers or inhibitors.
DNA supercoiling-mediated G4/R-loop formation tunes transcription by controlling the access of RNA polymerase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a processive motor that modulates DNA supercoiling and reshapes DNA structures. The feedback loop between the DNA topology and transcription remains elusive. Here, we investigate the impact of potential G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQS) on transcription in response to DNA supercoiling. We find that supercoiled DNA increases transcription frequency 10-fold higher than relaxed DNA, which lead to an abrupt formation of G-quadruplex (G4) and R-loop structures. Moreover, the stable R-loop relieves topological strain, facilitated by G4 formation. The cooperative formation of G4/R-loop effectively alters the DNA topology around the promoter and suppresses transcriptional activity by impeding RNAP loading. These findings highlight negative supercoiling as a built-in spring that triggers a transcriptional burst followed by a rapid suppression upon G4/R-loop formation. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between DNA topology and structural change in transcriptional regulation, with implications for understanding gene expression dynamics.
A novel closed-system drug-transfer device for oral dosage forms: Enhancing safety and administration of hazardous oral therapies in patients with dysphagia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Many oral medications are manufactured as solid dosage forms, posing challenges for patients with dysphagia—including older adults and children—and creating occupational hazards for healthcare workers who must crush or manipulate hazardous drugs. Existing methods for preparing such medications often involve open systems, exposing staff to cytotoxic agents and risking cross-contamination. Objective To develop and evaluate a novel, single-use closed-system drug-transfer device (CSTD) designed to crush and dissolve or suspend solid oral medications within a sealed environment, enhancing safety for healthcare workers and improving medication access for patients with swallowing difficulties. Methods We developed a prototype CSTD comprising a 20 mL transparent barrel, a mechanical crushing piston with an integrated mesh, one-way fluid inlet, and a sealed outlet port for administration. Device sealing integrity was evaluated using vacuum methylene blue ingress testing, while drug extraction efficiency was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of paracetamol solutions prepared with the device. Results Sealing integrity tests demonstrated no dye ingress under vacuum conditions, confirming a robust closed system. HPLC analysis of paracetamol solutions showed recoveries exceeding 98%, indicating effective crushing and dissolution. The device offers a practical closed-system approach for handling hazardous oral medications and enables safe administration via oral or enteral routes. Conclusion This novel CSTD represents a promising innovation to improve occupational safety during hazardous drug handling and to enhance treatment accessibility for patients with dysphagia. Further clinical evaluation and regulatory review are underway.
Determination of free, short-chain acyl and long-chain acyl carnitines in milk and milk products.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

牛乳, 乳製品の各種形態Cを測定し, 以下の結果をえた。1) 生乳は全-Cとして166nmol/g量を含んでいたが, 長鎖結合型-Cは少なく, 遊離-Cと短鎖結合型-Cの割合は, ほぼ1: 1の構成を示した。2) 殺菌牛乳, ヨーグルト類の各種形態Cは, 含量. 構成とも生乳に類似するものであった。3) LL牛乳の全-C量は生乳と差がなかったが, 遊離-Cの割合がやや多く, 短鎖結合型-Cがやや少ない点で有意差があった。4) 無糖れん乳は, 全-C量が生乳の2倍程度あり, また遊離-Cの割合が著しく多かったが, 遊離-Cが多い原因は高温長時間加熱による結合型-Cの分解によると考えられた。5) 低脂肪のコーヒー用クリーム類では, 各種形態Cの割合は, ポーションタイプでは生乳と大差がないものであったが, 缶詰めタイプでは遊離-Cの割合が多く, この原因は加熱による結合型-Cの分解程度の差によると考えられた。6) バターとチーズはいずれもC含量が著しく少なく, 各種形態Cの割合はともに長鎖結合型-Cが多く, バターでは短鎖結合型-C, チーズでは遊離-Cが少ないのが特徴的であった。7) 粉乳類ではC含量は多かったが, 各種形態Cの割合は牛乳と大きく異なるものではなかった。C含量は粉乳の種類によって異なるが, 原料乳中のCがそのまま脱水濃縮されたと思われ, 乳糖含量との間に比例関係が成立した。8) 調粉のC量は製造者によって大きく異なったが, 配合設計の違いによると思われ, 同一製造者の製品では, 各種形態C量のばらつきは少なかった。製造工程における各種形態Cの変化を検討し, 以下の結果をえた。9) 瞬間加熱 (約2秒間保持) では, 140℃以上の温度で結合型-Cが分解して遊離-Cを生ずるが, 分解率は小さかった。10) 保持加熱 (15分間) では, 比較的低い温度でも結合型-Cの分解が進むが, 炭素数の少ない脂肪酸と結合したCが, 容易に分解する傾向を示した。11) クリーム分離によっては, Cの大部分は脱脂乳に移行し, 脱脂乳の各種形態Cの割合は生乳と大差ない比率を示した。クリーム部分では, 生乳と比較すると遊離-Cと短鎖結合型-Cが減少し, 長鎖結合型-Cの割合が著しく増加して, 全-C量がかなり減少するなどの変化が認められた。12) バターのCは, 遊離-Cと短鎖結合型-Cはゼーラム部分に存在し, 長鎖結合型-Cはオイル部分とゼーラム部分の両方に存在した。バターのC含量が少ないのは, オイル部分のC量が少ないためであった。13) 全粉乳, ヨーグルトの製造工程では, 各種形態C量にほとんど変化が認められなかった。
Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaves

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to understand and investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial effects of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaf. For the extraction of lipophilic compounds with the help of methanol solvent system, cold extraction process was used, where the grinded coarse powder of the leaf was soaked in methanol and kept for four days for proper extraction. After that, the extract was concentrated by using rotatory evaporator and dried in room temperature. Compounds in the extract were separated according to their polarity by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and solvents of different polarity N-hexane, benzene, diethyl ether, chloroform, dichloromethane. Later, thin layer chromatography (TLC), flavonoid assay, disk diffusion, inhibitory action in nutrient broth was done for different fractions of the methanolic extract. Diethyl ether, chloroform, dichloromethane fractions showed good anti-oxidant property but poor antibacterial activity against different types of microorganism. Chloroform fraction showed good inhibitory activity against Aspergilus niger (fungus) in nutrient broth. Key words: Corchorus capsularis, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), disc diffusion method, nutrient broth, Bangladesh.
Impact of Reward Crowdfunding on Entrepreneurial Nature of Crowdfunded Ventures

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The goal of the paper consists in identification of changes in entrepreneur-customer relations generated by the emergence of crowdfunding. The research is based on the concept of on-demand economy. It introduces taxonomy of rewards used in crowdfunding based on the type of value provided to backers and amount of this value. The analysis of reward crowdfunding demonstrates that backers actually finance ventures, not products. Crowdfunded venture is established in response to backers' needs and backers become customers of this venture. It means that such venture can be considered as venture on demand. Rise of this new type of ventures transforms the model of relations between customers and entrepreneurs. Customers become active stakeholders of business development and create demand for new ventures (not for new products). Thanks to this new model of relations customers can better satisfy their needs while entrepreneurs can reduce the level of risks. The paper contains a conceptual framework that describes this evolution of customers within the system of customer-entrepreneur relations.
Performance analysis of a reuse partitioning technique for multi‐channel cellular systems supporting elastic services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For multi‐cell systems employing intra‐cell orthogonal communication channels, inter‐cell interference mitigation techniques are expected to be one of the key radio resource management functions. In this paper we propose and analyze a simple reuse partitioning technique (with random and coordinated resource block allocation in neighbor cells) that is able to reduce inter‐cell interference. We propose a model that is able to take into account that sessions dynamically enter and leave the system. Rigid sessions require a class‐specific fixed number of resource blocks, while elastic sessions can enter the system if a minimum number of resources are allocated to them. In this rather general setting (and using the example of a system employing frequency division for multiple access) we analyze the system performance in terms of the expected number of channel collisions , the session‐blocking probabilities, the signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio (SINR) and packet error rate performance. We present numerical results on the various trade‐offs between these measures (including the trade‐off between the reuse factor and the SINR performance) that provide insight into the behavior of multi‐channel cellular systems and help dimensionalize the parameters of a reuse partitioned system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint Platforms and Community Efforts in Surgical Robotics Research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In modern medical research and development, the variety of research tools has extended in the previous years. Exploiting the benefits of shared hardware platforms and software frameworks is crucial to keep up with the technological development rate. Sharing knowledge in terms of algorithms, applications and instruments allows researchers to help each other’s work effectively. Community workshops and publications provide a throughout overview of system design, capabilities, know-how sharing and limitations. This paper provides sneak peek into the emerging collaborative platforms, focusing on available open-source research kits, software frameworks, cloud applications, teleoperation training environments and shared domain ontologies.
Beyond the Regulatory State: China and 'Rule of Law' in a Post-Fordist World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Investigations into China‘s law and legal system invariably presume that China‘s many regulatory problems are problems of a regulatory laggard—that they are problems that stem from China‘s failure to as yet construct a mature legal system, such as those found in the advanced industrial countries of the so-called ―West‖ (particularly that of the United States). In this paper, I argue that this is not necessarily the case. China may actually, in many aspects, be operating at the very forefront of the regulatory horizon, compelled by its location in a distinctly post-Fordist Asian economic world to confront regulatory problems that are just beginning to seep into the still largely ―Fordist‖ West. Many of China‘s regulatory problems, in other words, may often be those of a regulatory pioneer, not those of a regulatory laggard, in the sense that many of its regulatory problems are likely to be problems of the post-Fordist world into which we are moving, rather than problems of the Fordist world from which our present regulatory understandings are derived.
Difficulties associated with the implementation of the preferential procurement policy in conjunction with a low-cost housing programme : a South African contextualisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The South African government makes extensive use of a procurement policy to provide goods and services to its citizens. In this article, the use by the government of the preferential procurement policy to deliver low-cost housing is discussed. In addition, the way in which this practice exacerbates the existing housing backlog is explored. The article contends that the Provincial Departments of Local Government and Housing in South Africa are largely incompetent when it comes to implementing the preferential procurement policy. Consequently, the question of how the implementation of this policy could be improved is considered. In the process, the difficulties encountered in implementing the preferential procurement policy in conjunction with the low-cost housing programme are examined.
Mutations in the leucine zipper of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein affect fusion and infectivity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many retroviruses, including the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses, contain a leucine zipper-like repeat in a highly conserved region of the external domain of the transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein. This region has been postulated to play a role in stabilizing the oligomeric form of these molecules. To determine what role this region might play in envelope structure and function, several mutations were engineered into the middle isoleucine of the leucine zipper-like repeat of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) TM protein. A phenotypic analysis of these mutants demonstrated that conservative mutations (Ile to Val or Leu) did not block the ability of the viral glycoprotein to mediate cell-cell fusion or affect virus infectivity. In contrast, each of the other mutations, except for the Ile-to-Ala change, completely inhibited the ability of the glycoprotein to fuse HeLa-T4 cells and of mutant virions to infect H9 cells. The alanine mutation produced an intermediate phenotype in which both cell fusion and infectivity were significantly reduced. Thus, the biological activity of the glycoprotein titrates with the hydrophobicity of the residue in this position. None of the mutations affected the synthesis, oligomer formation, transport, or processing of the HIV glycoprotein complex. Although these results do not rule out a role for the leucine zipper region in glycoprotein oligomerization, they clearly point to a critical role for it in a post-CD4 binding step in HIV membrane fusion and virus entry.
Uptake and Flow-induced Release of Uridine Nucleotides from Isolated Vascular Endothelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endothelial cells were isolated from rabbit thoracic aorta and cultured. Uptake of radioactivity was studied during incubation with 3H-uridine and 3H-uridine triphosphate (3H-UTP). After incubation with 3H-uridine and analysis by thin layer chromatography, the pyrimidines detected in the cell cytoplasm were 3H-UTP (30.8 ± 0.9%), 3H-UDP (uridine diphosphate, 4.3 • 2.1%). 3H-UMP (uridine monophosphate, 53.6 ± 1.1%) and 3H-uridine (7.1 3 0.9%). After incubation with H-UTP, there was also an uptake of radioactivity which was inhibited at low temperature (89.9 ± 6.1% at 4 °C), by dipyridamole (89.0 ± 7.1%) and N-ethylmaleimide (79.2 • 4.3%). The pyrimidines detected were 3H-UTP (24.7 • 3%), 3H-UDP (4.6 ± l%), 3H-UMP (35 ± 3.7%) and 3H-uridine (18.4 • 5%). Cultured endothelial cells were incubated with 3H-UTP or 3H-uridine and 3H-uridine for 90 min. These cells were perfused (0.5 ml/min) then stimulated twice by increased flow (3.0 ml/min) in order to compare their ability to release UTP and its derivatives. UTP and its metabolites were released during perfusion. The release was significantly higher during periods of increased flow (4 × for the first period; 2 × for the second). The pyrimidines detected in the perfusate, during periods of increased flow, were 3H-UTP, 3H-UDP, 3H-UMP and 3H-uridine. To conclude, this study shows that vascular endothelial cells take up uridine, and that UTP, UDP, UMP and uridine are released upon stimulation of the cells by increased flow.