jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Use of Stimulatory Agents to Enhance the Production and Hypoglycaemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus by Submerged Fermentation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the effect of applying stimulatory agents to liquid cultured Inonotus obliquus on the simultaneous accumulation of exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and their monosaccharide composition. Different stimulatory agents (VB6, VB1, betulin and birch extract) were investigated for their effects on active exo-polysaccharides by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. The mycelial biomass, reducing sugar content, EPS yield and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were determined, and the EPS obtained was analyzed for monosaccharide composition. The results showed that the addition of all the four stimulatory agents could significantly increase the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase of EPS than the control, whereas EPS from 4 μg/mL VB1-containing medium had the best effect with an estimated IC50 value 24.34 μg/mL. Among the four stimulatory agents, VB6 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass and EPS at the concentration of 4 μg/mL with a increase of 50.79% and 114.46%, respectively. In addition, betulin had a significant effect on increasing the EPS yield and activity, and birch extract had a significantly stimulatory effect on the mycelial growth and the polysaccharides activity, only slightly worse than VB6 and VB1. Moreover, the addition of different stimulatory agents changed the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, which had a correlation with polysaccharide activity.
Isolation and characterization of complementary DNA clones corresponding to genes induced in mouse epidermis in vivo by tumor promoters.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Complementary DNA clones representing genes in SENCAR mouse epidermis, the expression of which is induced 4 h after one topical application of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were isolated. Of 56 isolated complementary DNA clones, 32 were identified to be identical to either metallothioneins (MT-I and MT-II) or endogenous retroviral like (VL30) sequences. In situ hybridization and analysis of mRNA levels in cell fractions separated by density gradient centrifugation revealed that MT induction was restricted to keratinocytes in the basal cell layer. Immunohistochemistry and time-kinetic studies on mRNA levels in mouse epidermis showed that the increase in MT and VL30 RNAs coincide in time with a TPA-induced transient block in basal cell proliferation (3-12 h after TPA treatment). MT immunoreactivity and transcript levels had returned to control values at a time point (24 h after treatment) when epidermis is known to hyperproliferate. Treatment with other types of tumor promoters showed that MT-I and MT-II mRNAs were coordinately induced and indicated that sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate, and mezerein induced MT to a lesser degree than TPA. The calcium ionophore A23187 induced mRNA levels for MTs as well as VL30. VL30 and MT mRNA levels were not found to be elevated in epidermal tumors whereas the mRNA level corresponding to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was elevated in tumors and induced by TPA with time-kinetics that correlate with a TPA-induced hyperproliferation. These complementary DNA clones provide useful tools in the study of the gene-regulating effects of TPA in a target tissue relevant for tumor promotion.
Philosophical Perspectives on Autonomy in Self-Determination Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A holistic view of autonomy in self-determination theory (SDT) requires both psychological and philosophical scrutiny. This chapter discusses how SDT approaches autonomy and self-determination by explicating the nature of its psychological conception of the self. The chapter describes how this conception is congruent with phenomenological and analytical philosophical perspectives of autonomy. Although this congruence concerns mostly comprehensive views of personal autonomy that take into account both negative and positive freedom, SDT can equally be applied in the study of moral autonomy, through a holistic understanding of the self. It may thus offer a compatibilist psychological interpretation of the relationship between personal and moral autonomy, and even pave the way for a novel discussion of moral responsibility.
The collision that changed the world

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In connection with the Anthropocene, one might ask how climate is likely to evolve in the absence of man’s intervention and whether humans will be able to purposefully alter this course. In this commentary, I deal with the situation for very long time scales. I make a case that fifty million years ago, the collision between the northward drifting Indian land mass and Asia set the Earth’s climate on a new course. Ever since then, it has cooled. In the absence of some other dramatic disruption in the movement of the plates which make up our planet’s crust, on the time scale of tens of millions of years, this drift would cause the Earth to freeze over as it did during the late Precambrian. Evidence for this change in course comes from records of oxygen and lithium isotopic composition of foraminifer shells. It is reinforced by records of Mg to Ca in halite-hosted fluid inclusions and in marine CaCO3. In addition, the collision appears to have created abrupt changes in the sulfur isotope composition of marine barite and the carbon isotope composition of amber. Not only did this collision create the Himalaya, but more important, it led to a reorganization of the crustal plate motions. Through some combination of the building of mountains and lowering of sea level, these changes generated a mismatch between the supply of CO2 by planetary outgassing and that of calcium by the weathering of silicate rock. The tendency toward an oversupply of calcium has been compensated by a drawdown of the atmosphere’s CO2 content. This drawdown cooled the Earth, slowing down the supply of calcium. Although we are currently inadvertently compensating for this cooling by burning fossil fuels, the impacts of this CO2 on Earth climate will last no more than a tenth of a million years. So, if humans succeed in avoiding extinction, there will likely be a long-term effort to warm the planet.
Optimizing thermoelectric power factor by means of a potential barrier

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Large efforts in improving thermoelectric energy conversion are devoted to energy filtering by nanometer size potential barriers. In this work, we perform an analysis and optimization of such barriers for improved energy filtering. We merge semiclassical with quantum mechanical simulations to capture tunneling and reflections due to the barrier and analyze the influence of the width W, the height Vb, and the shape of the barrier, and the position of the Fermi level (EF) above the band edge, ηF. We show that for an optimized design, ∼40% improvement in the thermoelectric power factor can be achieved if the following conditions are met: ηF is large; Vb−EF is somewhat higher but comparable to kBT; and W is large enough to suppress tunneling. Finally, we show that a smooth energy barrier is beneficial compared to a sharp (square) barrier for increasing the thermoelectric power factor.
Migration of day-flying moths through Portachuelo Pass, Rancho Grande, North-central Venezuela

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is one of a series of papers resulting from the 45th, 46th and 4/th Expeditions of the Department of Tropical Research of the New Y ork Zoological Society, made during 1945, 1946 and 1948, under the direction of Dr. William Beebe, with headquarters at Rancho Grande in the National Park of Aragua, Venezuela
Teknik Fotografi dan Analisa Semiotika dalam Photoshoot Challenge Romance in Rain INTM Cycle 2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study, the author analyzes and discusses photography techniques seen from the photos in the Photoshoot Challenge Romance in Rain INTM Cycle 2 and analyzes the semiotics of the photos based on the theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. Then in the method taken here the author uses a qualitative method, because here the author needs various references from articles, journals, social media, books, and others. Where the photos of the six models analyzed are Helen Hiu, Sarah Tumiwa, Faradina Amalia, Peace Jemima Okechukwu Nnatuanya, Audya Ananta, dan Tiffany Regina. The result of the analysis was obtained which interpreted the pose movements carried out by the model in the photoshoot in the presence of rain falling and it was explained that the techniques used were full shot shooting techniques and how to take photos in rainy conditions. Key words: Photography, Semiotics, Model
High Thrombopoietin Production by Hematopoietic Cells Induces a Fatal Myeloproliferative Syndrome in Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the effects of long-term, high-dose exposure to thrombopoietin (TPO), lethally irradiated mice were grafted with bone marrow cells infected with a retrovirus carrying the murine TPO cDNA. Mice were studied for 10 months after transplantation. In plasma, TPO levels were highly elevated (104 U/mL) throughout the course of the study. All mice developed a lethal myeloproliferative disorder evolving in two successive phases. During the first phase (7-9 weeks posttransplant), platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts rose four- and ten-fold, respectively, whereas hematocrits decreased slightly to 29% ± 3%. The WBC were mainly mature granulocytes, but myeloid precursor cells were invariably observed as well as giant platelets with an irregular granule distribution. The striking features were a massive hyperplasia of megakaryocytes and granulocytes in the spleen and bone marrow and a hypoplasia of erythroblasts in bone marrow. Total numbers of megakaryocyte colony-forming cell, burst-forming unit-erythroid, and granulocytemacrophage colony-forming cells were increased but colony-forming unit-erythroid numbers decreased. From 10 weeks posttransplant and thereafter, WBC, platelets, and red blood cell numbers declined dramatically. The absolute numbers of progenitor cells were very low in the spleen and bone marrow, but sharply increased in the blood and peritoneal cavity. Extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed in several organs. Histologic sections of the spleen and bones revealed severe fibrosis and osteosclerosis. The mean survival time was 7 months posttransplant and mice died with severe pancytopenia. Notably, two mice died between 3 and 4 months posttransplant with a leukemic transformation. This disorder was transplantable into secondary recipients who developed an attenuated form of the disease similar to the one previously described (Yan et al, Blood 86:4025, 1995). Taken together, our data show that high and persistent TPO production by transduced hematopoietic cells in mice results in a fatal myeloproliferative disorder that has a number of features in common with human idiopathic myelofibrosis.
Structural studies of two serum albumins in the house mouse Mus musculus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dept. of Biological Sciences. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1974 .M15. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1974.
The Prevalence of Coagulopathy and Associated Factors Among Adult Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fasil Getu,1 Melak Aynalem,2 Segenet Bizuneh,3 Bamlaku Enawgaw2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia; 2Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Fasil Getu, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia, Tel +251 927436332, Email fasilgetu85@gmail.comIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder of metabolism which results hyperglycemic-related atherothrombotic complications. These complications are the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of coagulopathy and associated factors among adult type II diabetes mellitus patients attending at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 study participants. A questionnaire and a data collection sheet were used to collect the sociodemographic and clinical data, respectively. About 6mL of venous blood samples were collected for coagulation tests and complete blood count. For prolonged coagulation tests, a mixing test was performed. Data were entered into EpiInfo and exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Then, descriptive statistics were done. A binary and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factors. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: In this study, 357 study participants were included. Of them, 52.1% (186) and 80.7% (288) were females and urban residences, respectively. The prevalence of coagulopathy was 26.6% (95% CI: 22.1, 31.5%). Out of this, 12.3% and 8.7% showed shortened PT and aPTT, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of prolonged PT and aPTT were 5.6% and 3.9%, respectively. From the prolonged PT and aPTT, the prevalence of factor deficiency was 95% and 92.8%, respectively. Being female (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.11– 3.85%), abnormal BMI (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08– 3.50), and educational status of high school (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10– 0.83%) were significantly associated with hypercoagulation.Conclusion: Coagulopathy is an important public health problem among type II diabetes mellitus patients. Being female and having abnormal BMI were associated with hypercoagulation. Therefore, regular monitoring of coagulation parameters is vital to reduce the consequence of coagulopathy.Keywords: coagulopathy, mixing study, type II diabetes mellitus, Gondar, Ethiopia
Transformation of the GsCRCK gene into Medicago sativa cv. Nongjing No.1 and salt tolerance analysis in transgenic plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The stress-responsive kinase gene of wild soybean(GsCRCK) was selected because of the gene expression profiles under salinity,drought and cold stresses,previously established in our laboratory.Over expression of GsCRCK in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced plant tolerance to high salinity and ABA.In this study,one plant expression vector regulated by a 35S promoter(named as pBEOCRCK) were constructed to transfer the target gene into Medicago sativa cv.Nongjing No.1 separately by the Agrobacterium-mediated method.Many resistant seedlings of GsCRCK have been obtained.The results of PCR and RT-PCR showed that the GsCRCK gene was normally expressed in transgenic plants.After GsCRCK transgenic M.sativa cv.Nongjing No.1 were stressed with 0,300 and 400 mmol/L NaCl,we compared transgenic M.sativa to non-transgenic M.sativa by assessing specific physiological indicators.The relative membrane permeability,the content of chlorophyll,the content of MDA,and the activity of SOD in plants which were stressed with 300 mmol/L NaCl were measured together with the death rate from a 400 mmol/L NaCl stress.The transgenic M.sativa had a greater tolerance of salinity stress compared with non-transgenic plants.
The earth's dynamo

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent developments in geodynamo theory have advanced along two distinct tracks. On the one hand, a mean field approach is adopted. With reasonable assumptions about the nature of the α- and ω-effects of mean field theory, axisymmetric dynamo solutions are constructed which include the nonlinear feed back of the Lorentz force on the motion. On the other hand, the nature of the asymmetric waves, convection and turbulence, which occur in the presence of a prescribed magnetic field are considered. The Earth's rapid rotation &OM causes these asymmetric disturbances to be helical and so give rise to the α-effect. Recently numerical solutions of the complete set of equations governing a convectively driven dynamo have been obtained. Rotation inhibits convection but the constraint is relaxed by the presence of magnetic field. The relaxation is optimised when the Lorentz and Coriolis forces are comparable which occurs at field strengths of order (ρω/[sgrave]-)1/2, where ρ and [sgrave] are the fluid density and electrical conductivity respectively. It is often argued that this provides a lower limit on the field strength for dynamo operation. On this basis the Earth is an αω-dynamo with a magnetic field predominantly azimuthal in the fluid core.
Identifying and prioritising systematic review topics with public health stakeholders: A protocol for a modified Delphi study in Switzerland to inform future research agendas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The Cochrane Collaboration aims to produce relevant and top priority evidence that responds to existing evidence gaps. Hence, research priority setting (RPS) is important to identify which potential research gaps are deemed most important. Moreover, RPS supports future health research to conform both health and health evidence needs. However, studies that are prioritising systematic review topics in public health are surprisingly rare. Therefore, to inform the research agenda of Cochrane Public Health Europe (CPHE), we introduce the protocol of a priority setting study on systematic review topics in several European countries, which is conceptualised as pilot. Methods and analysis We will conduct a two-round modified Delphi study in Switzerland, incorporating an anonymous web-based questionnaire, to assess which topics should be prioritised for systematic reviews in public health. In the first Delphi round public health stakeholders will suggest relevant assessment criteria and potential priority topics. In the second Delphi round the participants indicate their (dis)agreement to the aggregated results of the first round and rate the potential review topics with the predetermined criteria on a four-point Likert scale. As we invite a wide variety of stakeholders we will compare the results between the different stakeholder groups. Ethics and dissemination We have received ethical approval from the ethical board of the University of Bremen, Germany (principal investigation is conducted at the University of Bremen) and a certificate of non-objection from the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland (fieldwork will be conducted in Switzerland). The results of this study will be further disseminated through peer reviewed publication and will support systematic review author groups (i.a. CPHE) to improve the relevance of the groups´ future review work. Finally, the proposed priority setting study can be used as a framework by other systematic review groups when conducting a priority setting study in a different context.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a self-limiting condition characterized by fever, neutropenia and lymphadenopathy. It is rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The authors reported a case of Kikuchi's necrotizing lymphadenitis who presented with fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, moderate leukopenia, polyarthritis, vasculitis-like lesions and oral ulcers compatible with SLE but serologic tests for autoimmune disease were all negative. The clinical symptoms resolved spontaneously within 3 months without any treatment. Because there is an association between KFD and SLE, great care should be taken with a patient who presents with either KFD or SLE.
CULTIVATION AND NEW PRODUTION STRATEGIES OF MAIZE IN INDIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maize is considered a promising option for diversifying agriculture in upland areas of India. It now ranks as the third most important food grain crop in India. The maize area has slowly expanded over the past few years to about 6.2 million ha (3.4% of the gross cropped area) in 1999/2000. The cultivation area would grow further to meet future food, feed, and other demands, especially in view of the booming livestock and poultry producing sectors in the country. Since opportunities are limited for further expansion of maize area, future increases in maize supply will be achieved through the intensification and commercialization of current maize production systems.
Clinical Features, Renal recovery and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in a Resource-Limited Country: A Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients is variable and persistent impairment of renal function at discharge is associated with long-term adverse outcomes. Understanding the risk factors for non-recovery AKI may help to avoid modifiable determinants and enhance recovery. However, data on renal recovery and its associated factors is limited, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess the clinical features, renal recovery, and predictors of AKI among hospitalized patients in Ethiopia. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted involving all adult patients with age ≥18 years, and met the kidney disease: improving global outcomes criteria for AKI from April to July 2019. The main outcome variable was renal recovery at discharge. The logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of non-recovery from AKI. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of less than 0.05 on multivariate analysis. Results Of the 169 patients included in the study over four months, 127(75.2%) were < 60 years, 121 (71.6%) had kidney disease on admission, almost one-third (33.1%) of them had stage 3 AKI, nearly half (50.29%) had prerenal AKI, and 32(19%) had exposure to nephrotoxins. Vomiting 31(18.34%), oliguria 42(24%), hematuria 15(25.4%), and proteinuria 26(40.6%) were common presenting features. Of the total study participants, most of them (68%) had complete renal recovery and fifty-four (32%) patients had non-recovery AKI at the time of hospital discharge. On multivariable analysis, proteinuria (AOR 6.2, CI 1.25-31.4, p=0.002), AKI stage III (AOR 4.7, CI 1.37-28.6, p=0.019), and nephrotoxin exposure (AOR 5.2, CI 2.1-14.89, p=0.007) were factors significantly associated with non-renal recovery. Conclusions Our study found that most of the patients had AKI on admission and one-third had a higher stage of AKI. A higher proportion of patients were found to have non-recovery AKI at hospital discharge. Renal non-recovery was significantly associated with the severity of AKI, nephrotoxic drug use, and proteinuria. Follow-up of serum creatinine and proteinuria, and careful drug use monitoring may help to identify patients with poor prognosis, initiate specific interventions, and improve renal recovery.