jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Assisted Secure Random Communication System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine learning techniques have revolutionized physical layer security (PLS) and provided opportunities for optimizing the performance and security of modern communication systems. In this study, we propose the first machine learning-assisted random communication system (ML-RCS). It comprises a pretrained decision tree (DT)-based receiver that extracts binary information from the transmitted random noise carrier signals. The ML-RCS employs skewed alpha-stable (α-stable) noise as a random carrier to encode the incoming binary bits securely. The DT model is pretrained on an extensively developed dataset encompassing all the selected parameter combinations to generate and detect the α-stable noise signals. The legitimate receiver leverages the pretrained DT and a predetermined key, specifically the pulse length of a single binary information bit, to securely decode the hidden binary bits. The performance evaluations included the single-bit transmission, confusion matrices, and a bit error rate (BER) analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. The fact that the BER reached 10−3 confirms the ability of the proposed system to establish successful secure communication between a transmitter and legitimate receiver. Additionally, the ML-RCS provides an increased data rate compared to previous random communication systems. From the perspective of security, the confusion matrices and computed false negative rate of 50.2% demonstrate the failure of an eavesdropper to decode the binary bits without access to the predetermined key and the private dataset. These findings highlight the potential ability of unconventional ML-RCSs to promote the development of secure next-generation communication devices with built-in PLSs.
XPD and XRCC1 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Prognostic Factors in Advanced Non—Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum Chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Platinum agents cause DNA cross-linking and oxidative damage. Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes are associated with differential DNA repair activity and may explain interindividual differences in overall survival after therapy with platinum agents for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We used polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism to evaluate genetic polymorphisms of the XPD (Asp312Asn) and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) DNA repair genes in 103 patients with stage III (54%) and IV (46%) NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Results Median age was 58 years (range, 32 to 77 years), 49% were females, and there were 86 deaths. Median follow-up period was 61.9 months. Median survival time (MST) was 14.9 months; by stage, MST was 28.6 months (IIIA), 16.0 months (IIIB), and 9.3 months (IV). Genotypes were not associated with stage. Increasing numbers of either XPD or XRCC1 variant alleles were associated with shorter overall survival (P = .003 and P = .07, respectively, by log-rank test). Similarly, when we compared combinations of variant alleles across both polymorphisms, we found that a greater number of variant alleles was associated with decreasing overall survival (P = .009, log-rank test). These polymorphisms independently predicted overall survival even after taking into account stage, performance status, and chemotherapy regimen. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms in XPD and XRCC1 may be important prognostic factors in platinum-treated patients with advanced NSCLC.
Identification of a Two-MicroRNA Signature in Plasma as a Novel Biomarker for Very Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The early diagnosis of breast cancer is essential to improve patients’ survival rate. In this context, microRNAs have been described as potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Particularly, circulating microRNAs have a strong value as non-invasive biomarkers. Herein, we assessed the potential of a microRNA signature based on miR-30b-5p and miR-99a-5p levels in plasma as a diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. This two-microRNA signature was constructed by Principal Component Analysis and its prognostic value was assessed in a discovery cohort and blindly validated in a second cohort from an independent institution. ROC curve analysis and biomarker performance parameter evaluation demonstrated that our proposed signature presents a high value as a non-invasive biomarker for very early detection of breast cancer. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis identified three of the well-known pathways involved in cancer as targets of the two microRNAs.
Abstract Interpretation of Unstructured Imperative Languages on Unbounded Domains

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis we present a novel program analysis technique that applies abstract interpretation to low-level intermediate languages with unbounded abstract domains. Unbounded abstract domains in program analysis occur in applications such as finding ranges of variables and its applications include elimination of assertions in programs, automatically deducing numerical stability, and array bounds checking. Unbounded abstract domains impose a major challenge in program analysis because it is difficult to ensure the termination of the analysis in the presence of program cycles. State-of-the-art methods propose a technique that relies on a structured composition of programs, e.g., they permit abstract interpretation with unbounded abstract domains for program languages that have while and if statements but do not have goto statements. This work demonstrates that unbounded abstract domains can be employed in program analysis for low-level intermediate languages commonly used in program language tools including compilers, integrated-development environments, and bug-checkers, where loops are implicit within the control flow graph. Our work combines methods of elimination-based data flow analysis with abstract interpretation. We have implemented the proposed framework in the LLVM compiler framework as a program analysis pass and have conducted experiments with a suite of test programs to show the feasibility of our approach.
Study on endogenous hormones changes of soybeans with different degree of resistance to race 1 and 7 of Cercospora sojina Hara

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to study the endogenous hormones changes of soybeans with different degree of resistance to race 1 and 7 of Cercospora sojina Hara, ELISA was used in this research. The results showed that: After inoculation IAA contents in the leaves of resistant varieties were relatively high and the disease resistant power was higher. The IAA content and GA content of susceptible varieties was lower and IPA content was higher. The induced expression of endogenous hormones was related to pathogenic fungi. Race 7 of Cercospora sojina Hara affected much more to the endogenous hormones content.
Continuous filament wound composite concepts for aircraft fuselage structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Design studies have been performed on continuous filament wound grid-stiffened composite structural concepts for aircraft fuselages. Stability equations based on a Donnell-type theory, which includes transverse shear deformation in the unidirectional composite ribs, have been developed for a general grid-stiffened circular cylindrical shell. Three candidate design concepts—isogrid, orthogrid, and generalized orthogrid were compared. The loading cases considered were uniaxial compression and combined axial compression and torsion. All three concepts are weight competitive. The isogrid concept, however, is the most attractive due to its demonstrated damage tolerance characteristics.
Spin Transport in Bose Gases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this Thesis, we show that in a rotating two-component Bose mixture, the spin drag between the two different spin species shows a Hall effect. This spin drag Hall effect can be observed experimentally by studying the out-of-phase dipole mode of the mixture. We determine the damping of this mode due to spin drag as a function of temperature. We find that due to Bose stimulation there is a strong enhancement of the damping for temperatures close to the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation. We also show the difference between spin drag in Bose gases, Fermi gases and Bose-Fermi mixtures. Furthermore, we investigate coupled spin and heat transport in Bose gases, and calculate the associated coefficients. Finally, we calculate the power spectrum resulting from spin current fluctuations in a Bose gas.
Tricyclic antidepressants for autism spectrum disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the use of tricyclic antidepressants in people with autism spectrum disorders. The objectives are to determine if treatment with tricyclic antidepressants: improves the core features of autism, including restricted social interaction, restricted communication and stereotypical and repetitive behaviours; improves non‐core features such as challenging behaviours; improves co‐morbid states, such as depression and anxiety; and causes adverse effects.
Effect of increased occlusal force on the expression of IL-6 mRNA in the rat periodontium

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

AIM: To study the expression of IL-6 mRNA in rat periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) and osteoblasts under different occlusal forces, in order to explain the molecular mechanism of periodontium remodeling. METHODS: A rat model of different occlusal force was established by extracting the left maxillary molars, so that the left mandibular molar area was used as the bite force lost model and the right mandibular molar area as the bite force increased model. The untreated rats' mandibular molar area used as normal bite force model. The prepared tissue specimens were processed to study the expression of IL-6 mRNA in PDLC and osteoblasts with in situ hybridization technique. RESULTS: In the group of increased occlusal force the expression of IL-6 mRNA in PDLC and osteoblasts enhanced apparently than the group of normal occlusal force. CONCLUSION: The result of the increased occlusal force enhanced the expression of IL-6 mRNA in PDLC and osteoblasts suggested that the IL-6 may play important roles in the process of periodontium remodeling initiated by different occlusal force. [
Microstructure of the interface in magnesium alloy to aluminium alloy dissimilar joints produced by friction stir welding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is a process that was developed by the UK Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991.1 Because of its status as a solid-phase joining process operating at a temperature below the melting point of the materials being joined, FSW usually generates less residual stress than fusion welding, being also advantageously free from fume, porosity, and solidification cracking. The mechanical properties of welds are equivalent or superior to those of conventional welds and offer a high level of reliability. Other merits of FSW include relatively low equipment costs, low operating costs, and no required training. For this reason, in the decade or so since the principle of FSW was invented, the process has seen a number of practical applications in railway and ship structures as well as for rocket fuel tanks in the aerospace field2 and continues to draw considerable attention by the engineering industry worldwide. The foregoing applications, however, all refer to components produced from aluminium alloys.
Exploring how Syrian women manage their health after migration to Germany: results of a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background In the recent years, the number of Syrians living in Germany increased drastically due to the massive displacement caused by the Syrian conflict. Syrian migrant women in Germany are challenged by both the migration process and the changing of social roles. Seeking out healthcare may be hampered by linguistic and cultural barriers, but the new context may offer opportunities for health and well-being (free access to health care, civil/human rights). Little is known about how Syrian women manage their health after their resettlement in Germany. Methods In depth interviews in Arabic were conducted with 9 Syrian women who were recruited through purposive sampling (18–55 years, migrated in 2011–2017, different education levels), focusing on capabilities to control one’s health and to navigate the German healthcare system, and social/environmental barriers and facilitators to effectively manage their health. Interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The women reported their health to be impaired by post-migration stressors, such as perceived discrimination, loss of social status and worrying about the future. Many interviewees felt disempowered and incompetent to successfully and actively navigate the German healthcare system, lacking information and not understanding their rights and options under the health insurance plan. The language barrier added to feeling vulnerable. Many women experienced doctors declining to treat them for capacity reasons; when treated, they often did not feel taken seriously or were dissatisfied with the emotional/cultural aspects of care. If possible, Arabic doctors were sought out. Some women, however, described improved resources for health, and appreciated better women’s rights as a source of power. Conclusions The lack of information about the structure and offers of the German healthcare system, language and culture specific barriers as well as socio-cultural challenges are undermining the ability of Syrian women to manage their health effectively after their resettlement in Germany. Providing tailored information on the German healthcare system, creating a health-literacy supportive environment, and improving cultural sensitivity in healthcare provision could help Syrian women better utilize medical care offered in Germany.
The Tax on Incomes of Physical Persons: the Role and Meaning in the Context of Budgetary Decentralization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article is aimed at clarifying the role, meaning and features of the tax on incomes of physical persons (TIPhP) in the conditions of budgetary decentralization. The characteristic features of the evolution of this tax in Ukraine are considered. It is noted that the complex way of development of the TIPhP in Ukraine was accompanied by frequent changes of the legal base. The mechanism of distribution of revenues from the remissions of the TIPhP between the State budget and the local budgets of Ukraine is traced. Attention is focused on the main reasons for changing the share of the tax revenues to the budgets of different levels. The impact of the fiscal decentralization reform on the role and place of the TIPhP in the tax revenue structure of local budgets is analyzed. It is emphasized that the TIPhP in Ukraine is one of the budget-forming taxes, ensuring the interrelation between the persons who are payers of this tax, with the State (represented by the bodies of the State fiscal service of Ukraine) and the bodies of local self-government. It is noted that implementation of the decentralization and tax reforms in our country positively influenced the development of the tax system as a whole and the mechanism of levying the TIPhP in particular. The fiscal role of this tax has increased significantly, especially in terms of the newly established united territorial communities. It is determined that the share of the TIPhP among the tax revenues to the budgets of different levels could be even higher if the «shadowing» of incomes be past.
Nonlinear circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in a warm magnetoplasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers the nonlinear interaction of a background warm plasma with intense, circularly polarized radiation along an external magnetic field. It is shown that the couplings of the adiabatic particle as well as the hydrodynamic plasma motions with the radiation field can lead to localized wave-envelope packets. The resulting self-consistent equilibria consist of finite-amplitude electron density perturbations which are nonlinearly driven by electromagnetic fields.
Do Male Politicians Have Big Heads? Face-ism in Online Self-Representations of Politicians

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Headshot portraits of all U.S. Governors, Senators, and Representatives and members of Parliament in Canada, Australia, and Norway are analyzed. In all countries, male politicians are represented with higher facial prominence than female politicians, paralleling a pervasive gender bias in media portraits. For American Congresswomen, high facial prominence is associated with a more pro-feminist voting record. Finally, anthropometric data show that gender differences in the facial prominence in portraits cannot be traced to gender differences in actual body proportions.
Catalog of X-ray & WISE AGN in the SDSS-IV eBOSS Stripe 82X Survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This catalog contains 4847 spectroscopically identified X-ray sources and WISE AGN candidates within the 36.8 deg2 SDSS-IV eBOSS Stripe 82X survey area. This survey overlaps the largest contiguous portion of the Stripe 82 X-ray survey (15.6 deg2). Based on X-ray luminosities or WISE W1-W2 colors (based on Assef et al. 2018), there are 4730 AGN in this catalog: 1790 X-ray AGN and 3638 WISE AGN, of which 698 are X-ray and WISE AGN. The sample is 82% complete to r ~ 22, where the X-ray and WISE AGN samples are 88% and 82% complete, respectively, at this magnitude limit. The redshifts and spectroscopic classifications include spectra from the SDSS-IV eBOSS Stripe 82X survey, previous data releases of SDSS (Abazajian et al. 2009; Aihara et al. 201; Alam et al. 2015; Albareti et al. 2017; Abolfathi et al. 2019; Pâris et al. 2017, 2018), 2SLAQ (Croom et al. 2009), 6dF (Jones et al. 2004, 2009), and dedicated follow-up programs of Stripe 82 X-ray sources (LaMassa et al. 2016, 2017, and published here for the first time). Description of the catalog columns are given in LaMassa et al. (2019).
[Assessment of general and local immunity in children with affected lymphadenoid throat ring].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

33 children with affected lymphadenoid throat ring and 15 healthy children were examined for local and general immunity status. Assessment of general immunity provided poor information. Measurements of secretion immunoglobulins levels with enzyme immunoassay was informative and demonstrated close similarity of the clinical and immunological indices. Concentrations of immunoglobulins in the lacunar secretion can serve a prognostic criterium.
COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION THROUGH PROGRESSIVE FAILURE IN TAILORED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES VIA EXPLICIT FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A composite material tailoring concept for progressive failure under tensile loading has been previously developed, modeled, and experimentally validated by the second author and his collaborators. The concept relies upon a sequential failure process induced in a structure of series connection of parallel redundant load path elements of tailored length and strength. The resulting yield-type response under tensile loading is characterized by an increased energy dissipation compared to a reference conventional structural element of nominally identical length and crosssectional area, and of the same composite material. In this work, this composite tailoring concept is computationally investigated for IM7-8552 composite material using a dynamic, explicit finite element analysis in Abaqus. The approach offers the advantage of capturing the stress wave propagation within the model throughout the dynamic failure sequence, thereby providing a better understanding of the failure progression and the energy dissipation mechanisms at work. In this study, progressive failure of the tailored composite structure is modeled and analyzed for different configurations of lengths and widths. Model predictions are illustrated for and compared with selected tailoring configurations from the literature. Developing an explicit finite element approach for analyzing the tailoring concept opens the door to characterizing a wide variety of related, more complex configurations for which analytical solutions do not yet exist or may not even be feasible, and/or for which experimental results may be difficult or overly expensive to obtain.
Spatial distribution of the immigrant population in the catalonian municipalities: identity, exposition, concentration and centrality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the important growth in the number of immigrants in Spain it is interesting to study their distribution throughout the urban area. There are different indices of long standing tradition in statistics which are at our disposal andallow us to quantify the segregation of minority population groups. Through the application of these tools on the Catalan case, its use in the analysis of residential segregation in a town and in uncovering the patterns which underlie it are shown.The results point out that there does not exist a clear relationship between foreign population percentages and their segregation,and that segregation differs depending on the observed group. A new perspective on segregation can be obtained through the use of indices designed with the help of elements from spatial statistics. The combination of all these measures represents a useful procedure for the analysis of the distribution of immigrants in urban spaces and it use fulness can be extended to different areas such as sociology, economics, urbanismor housing policies.
Quantum noise in current-biased Josephson junction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider quantum fluctuations in a current biased overdamped Josephson junction in the regime when the bias current is larger than the critical current. The fluctuations of the voltage and phase across the junction are assumed to be initiated by equilibrium current fluctuations in the shunting resistor. This corresponds to low enough temperatures, when fluctuations of the normal current in the junction itself can be neglected. Quantum effects are important when the resistor temperature is low compared to the Josephson frequency, even in the case when noise is measured at frequencies lower than the temperature. We used the quantum Langevin equation in terms of random variables related to the limit cycle of the nonlinear Josephson oscillator. This allows to go beyond the perturbation theory and calculate the widths of the Josephson radiation lines.
Mixture Distributions – Further Developments

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Finite mixtures of distributions have provided a mathematical‐based approach to the statistical modeling of a wide variety of random phenomena. They underpin a variety of techniques in major areas of statistics, including cluster and latent class analyses, discriminant analysis, image analysis, and survival analysis, in addition to their more direct role in data analysis and inference of providing descriptive models for complex and/or heterogeneous distributions. We provide an update here on recent developments on mixture distributions and their applications.