jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
International Capital Mobility and Crowding Out in the U.S. Economy: Imperfect Integration of Financial Markets or of Goods Markets?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Conventional wisdom in the field of international finance holds that the U.S. economy has become so open financiallly as to be characterized by perfect capital mobility: a highly elastic supply of foreign capital prevents the domestic rate of return from rising significantly above the world rate of return.This view has been challenged recently by the observation that investment rates are highly correlated with national saving rates, and the claim by Feldstein and Horioka that this correlation is evidence of relatively low capital mobility.The premise of this paper is that the Feldstein-Horioka finding regarding crowding out in an open economy is strong enough to survive the econometric critiques that have been leveled against it, but that it need have nothing to do with the degree of capital mobility in the sense of the openness of financial markets and the equalization of international interest rates expressed in a common currency.It is real interest rates that matter for questions of crowding out, and real interest parity requires not just that nominal interest rates be equalized expressed in a common currency, but also that purchasing power parity hold.It is well-known that purchasing power parity does not in fact hold.Currently, for example, the dollar is expected to depreciate in real terms.Thus real interest rate parity fails and crowding out takes place because of imperfect injor of goods markets, not imperfect integration of financial markets.
Maintaining the Same Test Administration Time Across Translated Forms – Fairness and Validity Considerations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Both a standardized time limit and a differing time limit for certain groups is considered to demonstrate equity in treatment (fairness) in tests so long as the time limit does not impact the validity of the results. Fairness, in turn, in considered a fundamental validity issue in testing and assessments. Previous studies investigating the validity and equivalency of exam translation forms have not considered response time as a variable of interest. This study is an investigation into whether response time can vary enough across language forms to be considered a significant difference and whether that difference can impact the performance of test candidates. I analyzed these variables for an international professional credential that is translated to over a dozen languages. The findings support the hypothesis that response time can be significantly impacted by language. The credential that was analyzed for this study, however, allowed enough time that test candidate performance was not impacted by differences in response time. Additional studies should look into other assessments to determine if shorter time limits would cause performance differences due to response time differences by language.
Stress Detection with Natural Language Processing Techniques from Social Media Articles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract— Stress have significant effects on health and well-being. Therefore, NLP's ability to identify stress situations is critical to providing early intervention and support. NLP can extract meaningful clues from people's online communications and written texts; This makes it a powerful tool for detecting signs of stress. Identifying signs of stress early can help individuals improve their ability to cope with stress by providing appropriate support and guidance; NLP can automate this process. Considering these situations, this study tried to detect the stress states of the users using the Stress Detection from Social Media Articles dataset. Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), Logistic Regression (LR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were used for classification. Doc2vec method was used to convert texts into vector data. In the classification processes, the highest classification success was obtained from the ANN model with 80.34%. It is thought that this success can be increased with more data and different models.
Comparison of urinary nitrate, N-nitrosoproline, 7-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine levels in a human population at risk for gastric cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have measured the urinary excretion of nitrate, N-nitrosoproline, 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine in a human population at high risk for gastric cancer. A strong correlation was observed between nitrate and N-nitrosoproline excretion (p less than 0.00000); statistically significant correlations (p less than 0.05) were also observed for N-nitrosoproline with 3-methyladenine (p = 0.003) and with 7-methylguanine (p = 0.03) and for 7-methyl-guanine with nitrate (p = 0.02), although these correlations were sensitive to outliers. Smokers appeared to excrete slightly higher levels of 3-methyladenine than nonsmokers; no other difference was observed between smokers and nonsmokers or between drinkers and nondrinkers. The correlation between N-nitrosoproline excretion and nitrate excretion supports the hypothesis that elevated endogenous nitrate levels may contribute to elevated endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds.
Rapid common hardware-in-the-loop development

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An approach to streamline the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation development process is under development. This Common HWIL technique will attempt to provide a more flexible, scalable system. The overall goal of the Common HWIL system will be to reduce communication latencies, minimize redundant development, operational labor and equipment expense. This paper will present current status and test results.
Security of wireless Bluetooth™ sensor systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract:- A low power, portable, and secure Bluetooth ™ sensor system has been designed and its performance has been evaluated. Light weight, small size, high interference immunity and interoperability with a personal area network are fundamental characteristics in designing the sensor system so the architecture has been implemented adopting an FPGA and a Bluetooth ™ module. The design analysis shows the possibility to transmit continuously analogue signals with a high level of security. At low sampling rates, the adopted solution offers low power consumption and consequently battery with lower capacity can be adopted, minimizing the sensor system weight. With higher sampling rates, the system equipped with a FPGA offers the best architectural solution and performance. Therefore, Bluetooth ™ can be satisfactorily adopted in many different applications: in the example reported in the paper, it is used for monitoring critical parameters, such as vital signs in patients having serious pathologies. Key-Words: Bluetooth™, wireless technology, security, sensor system, telemetry 1
Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with a tumor thrombus extending to inferior vena cava.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The significance of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is clarified. We operated on 4 patients with HCC who had a tumor thrombus extending to the IVC through the hepatic vein under hepatic vascular exclusion (HVE). In all patients the hepatic resections and thrombectomies were successful without major complication. One patient accompanied with a tumor thrombus in the portal vein had a rash recurrence in the remnant liver and died 6 months after operation. However, three patients without tumor thrombus in the portal vein survived relatively longer post-operatively. Hepatic resection for HCC with tumor thrombus in IVC is acceptable treatment as it is safe. It is considered that better prognoses can be maintained when a tumor thrombus is located only in the hepatic vein, and not in the portal vein.
Comparison of Bending Strength for Metal-Diamond Composites of Two Bond Matrices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of metal coatings on the surfaces of diamond crystals embedded in two kinds of bond matrix. Diamonds with or without coatings were incorporated into two matrices for hot-pressing, thereby forming four kinds of diamond composites. The transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the composites was measured to assess the bending strength of the composites. SEM and EDS were used to analyze the fractured surfaces of the composites. It was found that the TRS of the composites containing coated diamonds increased in both bond matrices. But the coatings in the bond matrix without rare earth increased TRS a little more than the case with rare earth due to a different failure mechanism of metal coatings.
Soft X-rays from very young supernova remnants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A dynamical model of the very early evolution of a supernova remnant suggests that copious emission of X-rays will occur in the first 10 years. The radiation is largely in spectral lines in the range from 20 to 50 Å and will be most easily observable towards the end of the first decade. The effect should be detectable, using state-of-the-art instruments, in any supernova occurring within 23 Mpc.
Costs and benefits of stress prevention in organisations: Review and new methodology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The financial costs of stress can be considered and measured at a national,
organisational and individual level. Similarly, the cost benefit analysis of stress
prevention and stress reduction activities can be assessed from these three
different perspectives. Depending on which perspective is selected, the results
and economic consequences can vary. For example, what is measured as a cost
at the level of public administration need not mean costs at the level of private
enterprise. In the United Kingdom, hospital treatment costs for workers who
develop stress-related illness are typically borne by the National Health
Service and are not a direct cost to the employer. At an organisational level, the
direct costs of stress-related absence are reflected in productivity losses, lost
opportunities, increased recruitment and retraining costs and the like. In the
same way, employees loss of welfare, i.e. inability to continue to work in the
same job, does not necessarily imply costs for the organisation.
Cardiac manifestations ofacutecarbamate and organophosphate poisoning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective-To study thefrequency, extent, andpathogenesis ofthecardiac complica- tions accompanying organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Design-Retrospective study. Setting-Amedicalintensive careunit (MICU)ofageneral hospital. Subjects-46 adultpatients admitted over a fiveyearperiodwitha diagnosis of organophosphate orcarbamate poisoning. Results-Cardiac complications developed in31patients (67%). Thesewere:non-car- diogenic pulmonaryoedema,20 (43%); cardiac arrhythmias, 11(24%); electrocar- diographic abnormalities including pro- longedQ-Tc interval, 31 (67%);ST-T changes, 19(41%); andconduction defects, 4(9/). Sinustachycardia occurred in16 patients (35%)andsinusbradycardia in13 (28%).Hypertension developedin 10 patients (22%)andhypotension ineight (17%). Eightpatients (17%)neededrespi- ratorysupportbecauseof respiratory depression. Although morethantwothirds ofthepatients (67%)hadaprolonged Q- Tc interval, nonehadpolymorphic ven- tricular tachycardia ofthetorsadede pointes type.Twopatients diedfromven- tricular fibrillation, aninhospital mortality of4/o. Conclusions-Cardiac complications often accompanypoisoning withthesecom- pounds, particularly duringthefirst few hours.Hypoxaemia, acidosis, andelec- trolyte derangements aremajorpredispos- ingfactors. Intensive supportive treatment inintensive orcoronary carefacilities with administration ofatropine inadequate dosesearly inthecourseoftheillness will reduce themortality.
Total average metabolic costs.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>We show how average total metabolic cost varies across <i>k</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> (horizontal axis) and F<sub>P</sub> intensity (vertical axis). This heatmap is color coded for the reference metabolic cost (default k<sub>T</sub> and Norm F<sub>P</sub> intensity) to be displayed in white, with higher costs in red and lower costs in blue. We found significant ANOVA main effects separately for k<sub>T</sub> (horizontal arrow) and F<sub>P</sub> (vertical arrow), but no interaction (no diagonal arrow) between them.</p>
Perioperative Management of a Patient with Secreting Paraganglioma Undergoing Cesarean Section

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paraganglioma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor (CST) in extra-adrenal autonomic ganglia and a rare cause of hypertension during pregnancy. If not properly treated, it can lead to disastrous outcomes for both the mother and fetus. This report describes the successful anesthetic management of a paraganglioma diagnosed during pregnancy. A pregnant woman, with 32 weeks of gestational age, presented with severe paroxysmal hypertension, refractory to methyldopa and nifedipine at maximum dosages, headache, sweating, and palpitations. Diagnostic work-up was positive for elevated serum and urinary normetanephrines, and magnetic resonance showed a solid nodule above the hilum of the right kidney, suggestive of paraganglioma. Optimal alpha-blockade was achieved with doxazosin, and given the advanced gestational age, tumor resection was postponed until after delivery. Cesarean delivery was scheduled at 34 weeks, under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and continuous blood pressure monitoring. Antihypertensive drugs were prepared for immediate administration as needed. Intraoperative and postoperative periods went uneventfully for both the mother and newborn, both under intensive care observation for 24 h.
QCD VACUUM AND AXIONS: WHAT'S HAPPENING?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A deeper understanding of the vacuum structure in QCD invites one to rethink certain aspects of axion physics. The recent advances are mostly due to developments in super-symmetric gauge theories and the brane theory, in which QCD can be embedded. They include, but are not limited to, the studies of metastable vacua in multicolor gluo-dynamics, and the domain walls. We briefly review basics of axion physics and then present a modern perspective on a rich interplay between the QCD vacuum structure and axion physics.
Encouraging Students to Enhance Their Listening Performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Spanish-speaking students constantly complain about the difficulty they have comprehending spoken English. It seems teachers do not often provide them with strategies to alleviate that. This article reports on a pedagogical experience carried out at a Colombian university to help pre-service teachers at an intermediate level of English to improve their aural comprehension. The students were given the task of designing listening activities to be worked on as micro-teaching sessions and were asked to describe their experience by answering a survey. The results showed that students developed the ability to think critically since they needed to make the best decisions regarding the audio level and the design of the activities. They also appeared to have become more autonomous as they realized they could be responsible for their improvement in listening. Additionally, there were evident changes in the teachers’ roles.

Es común que los hablantes de español se quejen de su comprensión oral en inglés. Parece que los profesores no siempre dan a sus estudiantes estrategias para mejorar al respecto. En este artículo se describe la experiencia pedagógica desarrollada en una universidad colombiana con el propósito de ayudar a los estudiantes de inglés intermedio de una licenciatura a mejorar su comprensión auditiva. Se pidió a los estudiantes desarrollar actividades de escucha para ser trabajadas en sesiones de microenseñanza y describir su experiencia, contestando una encuesta. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes desarrollaron su pensamiento crítico en la medida que necesitaban tomar decisiones con respecto al nivel de dificultad del audio y al diseño de las actividades mismas. También se mostraron más autónomos por cuanto se hicieron conscientes de su responsabilidad en el mejoramiento de su comprensión oral. Adicionalmente, se dieron cambios en los papeles del profesor.
Theoretically Analysis on the Concept of Judgment——By View of Substance and Procedure

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of judgment is the foundation of judgment theory.In traditional theory of procedural law,judgment is interpreted as the decision on substantive facts of the case,which neglects the significance of reasoning and argumentation before judgment.It's important to analyze on the basis of both substance and procedure in order to comprehend the connotation of judgment.The viewpoint on judgment of substance attaches importance to conclusion of dispute between the litigants.The viewpoint on judgment of procedure emphasizes that judgment is a process,in which judges subsume legal norms under case facts to draw a conclusion.
Quantum model for transport through membranes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the present paper a new model for the transport through membranes, introduced previously by Hosur, is considered. In this model, the membrane is assimilated to a potential barrier, and the material flow through the membrane is determined from the transmission coefficient of the barrier, assuming the existence of an energy difference among the molecules placed at both sides of the membrane. An equation for the transport, in the case of small energy differences, is obtained, which is particularized to the cases that the energy difference is caused by a temperature gradient, a concentration gradient, and both gradients acting together. In all cases, under certain limitations, formally identical equations to those of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes are obtained.
Oncogenic role of a long-term high-fat diet-induced DNM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Dietary patterns play important roles in the occurrence and development of numerous human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we explored and investigated the potential tumor-promoting genes in mice received high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: We initiated the process by analyzing liver gene expression profile of mice received HFD downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO No. GSE108169). Differentially overexpressed genes were assembled and analyzed for the clinical prognosis and biological functions in human cancer databases. The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) were screened by The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal (UALCAN), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), LinkedOmics analysis, TIMER2.0, and Q-omics analysis. Survival analyses were performed to examine the significance for the newly identified biomarkers for HCC. Results: Among the top 10 overexpressing genes in HFD-fed mice liver, a neuron-specific protein, dynamin 1 (DNM1) was identified as a significant prognostic predictor for poor HCC survival examined by UALCAN. Using HPA, we discovered that normal liver tissue does not express DNM1 protein whereas it was found in 30% HCC, and abundant DNM1 protein was detected in HCC cell cytoplasm and membrane. DNM1 gene expression is positively correlated some genes enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), proliferation, and neural transduction signaling, and its negatively correlated genes enhanced certain metabolism and host-defense ability. Furthermore, positive correlations between DNM1 and CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), B cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells were observed, indicating possible associations between DNM1 and infiltrating immune cells. We then identified a common gene, TAR (HIV-1) RNA Binding Protein 1 (TARBP1) by overlapping the differentially downregulated genes of HCC cells with single-guide DNM1 (sgDNM1), short-hairpin DNM1 (shDNM1), and the TCGA DNM1 correlated genes that also correlated significantly with poor overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC. Conclusions This is the first study proposing a role of the HFD-induced hepatic DNM1 over-expression might affect tumor development and immune microenvironment in human HCC. The discovery of this novel marker can add insights into the link of high fat diet and HCC, and provide potential therapeutic target pathways for treating HCC. We suggest DNM1 be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCV-positive human HCC.
Body Worn Cameras (BWCS): Privacy vs Solid Evidence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper will explore the dichotomy between the privacy concerns associated with the use of Body-Worn Cameras (“BWCs”) by law enforcement agencies, and the benefits associated with this technology, such as the evidential value of the BWCs video, audio, and images as reliable forms of evidence assisting courts and criminal justice players in making substantiated decisions and reaching just verdicts. The paper will provide a background overview of BWCs and the approach to their use in some Canadian jurisdictions, followed by a discussion on Canada’s struggles guarding the privacy of Canadians and the recent breaches of privacy conducted by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (“RCMP”). Next, there will be a case-study section exemplifying the numerous flexible features and benefits of BWCs and produced digital evidence used in courts and police operations, followed by a section addressing the rule of law and the need for punishing police misconduct for mishandling highly sensitive information (such as that captured by BWCs). Lastly, the paper will reflect on its findings, discuss existing tensions, and propose a path forward for the safe and broad implementation of BWCs across Canada.
Preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score Predictive of Inguinal Hernia in Patients Undergoing Robotic Prostatectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Independent of prostate size, men with preoperative lower urinary tract dysfunction were at 5 times the risk of a hernia at robotic radical prostatectomy (22.4% vs 5%). Given that half of the hernias were subclinical, patients with an I-PSS of 15 or greater should be counseled about the potential need for hernia repair at robotic radical prostatectomy.
Additional file 1 of Development of a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip based on EuNPs-ES fluorescent probe for the detection of early Trichinella spiralis-specific IgG antibody in pigs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1. Analysis of ML-ES and PAW-ES by SDS-PAGE. A large number of secretion protein in the ML and PAW stage are shown in picture, respective. The results indicated that the two ES antigens can perform the next experiment.