jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neutrosophic Hypercompositional Structures defined by Binary Relations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to study neutrosophic hypercompositional structures ( ) H I  arising from the hypercompositions derived from the binary relations τ on a neutrosophic set ( ) H I . We give the characterizations of τ that make ( ) H I  hypergroupoids,quasihypergroups, semihypergroups, neutrosophic hypergroupoids, neutrosophic quasihypergroups, neutrosophic semihypergroups and neutrosophic hypergroups.
A comparison of satellite doppler and gravimetric geoid undulations considering terrain‐corrected gravity data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geoid undulations from satellite Doppler stations have been compared to geoid undulations computed using three procedures. The first procedure combines potential coefficients with uncorrected 1°×1° free air anomalies in a 10° cap surrounding the computation point. The second procedure uses the Helmert second condensation procedure for anomaly reduction where terrain corrections and topographic indirect effects are considered. The third procedure uses a set of potential coefficients to degree 180. After correcting the original Doppler undulation for a −0.4‐ppm scale change, and a 4‐m Z axis bias, comparisons were made at 10 sites located in mountainous areas of the western United States and 10 sites in the eastern United States where the topography was relatively flat. The mean difference (Doppler minus gravimetric) for the 10 western stations was 1.65 when no corrections were applied to the gravity data, while the difference was reduced to 0.10 m when the terrain corrections and indirect effects were included. For the 10 eastern stations the systematic difference (excluding the negligible terrain effects ) was 0.42 m. For western sites the standard deviation of the differences was ±0.96 m (with no gravity corrections) and ±0.93 m with the correction applied. In the eastern sites the standard deviation was ±0.55 m. Similar results were found with the potential coefficients to degree 180. Our major conclusion is that the neglect of terrain corrections, and to a lesser extent the indirect effect, can cause systematic errors of the order of 1.5 m (for a cap size of 10°) in geoid undulations for stations in mountainous areas.
XGBoost for Heart Disease Prediction Achieving High Accuracy with Robust Machine Learning Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The comprehensive dataset on heart disease presented in this study consists of 1190 cases with 11 shared characteristics from five well-known datasets: Cleveland, Hungarian, Switzerland, Long Beach, Virginia, and Statlog. Because of this, it is the biggest dataset of its kind for studies on coronary artery disease (CAD). To aid in early detection, a robust machine learning model that could reliably forecast cardiac illness needed to be developed. To eliminate null values and divide the dataset into an 80:20 train-test ratio, we employed exploratory data analysis. To ensure that the characteristics were consistent, we also employed conventional scaling. Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbours, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, and XGBoost were the eight machine learning methods that we examined. Optimized using grid search with 5-fold cross-validation, XGBoost performed the best with test accuracy of 0.966, precision of 0.967, and recall of 0.966. Three false positives and one false negative could be distinguished by it. The approach may be helpful in clinical settings, as evidenced by its high recall for positive cases (0.986). By providing us with a new dataset and an effective predictive model, this work advances the diagnosis of CAD. This makes it possible to identify and treat CAD earlier.
Agnet Computer Analysis Of Poultry Feeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AGNET was originally a pilot project funded by the Old West Regional Commission to extend the AGricultural computer NETwork developed in Nebraska to South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana and Wyoming. The states of Washington and Wisconsin joined AGNET in 1980. Pooling the resources of seven states makes programs from the other states available to South Dakotans.
Designing Predictive Maintenance for Agricultural Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Digital Transformation alters business models in all fields of application, but not all industries transform at the same speed. While recent innovations in smart products, big data, and machine learn-ing have profoundly transformed business models in the high-tech sector, less digitalized industries—like agriculture—have only begun to capitalize on these technologies. Inspired by predictive mainte-nance strategies for industrial equipment, the purpose of this paper is to design, implement, and evaluate a predictive maintenance method for agricultural machines that predicts future defects of a machine’s components, based on a data-driven analysis of service records. An evaluation with 3,407 real-world service records proves that the method predicts damaged parts with a mean accuracy of 86.34%. The artifact is an exaptation of previous design knowledge from high-tech industries to agriculture—a sector in which machines move through rough territory and adverse weather conditions, are utilized exten-sively for short periods, and do not provide sensor data to service providers. Deployed on a platform, the prediction method enables co-creating a predictive maintenance service that helps farmers to avoid resources shortages during harvest seasons, while service providers can plan and conduct maintenance service preemptively and with increased efficiency.
Chang'e 5 RF recording at 8471.2 MHz with Allen Telescope Array between TEI-1 and TEI-2 (X polarization)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains a recording of X-band telemetry signals from the Chinese lunar sample retrieve mission Chang'e 5 done on 2020-12-12, between the TEI-1 (trans-Earth injection 1) manoeuvre that moved the spacecraft to an elliptical lunar orbit and the TEI-2 manoeuvre that ejected the spacecraft away from lunar orbit. The recording was done at Allen Telescope Array using antenna 2h in dual XY (linear) polarization. The hardware configuration was as follows: antenna 2h was connected to RFCB LO d, which was tuned to a frequency of 8475 MHz and used an output IF of 512 MHz. A USRP N321 was connected to the IF output of the RFCB and digitized both polarizations. The USRP used external 10 MHz reference and PPS coming from the observatory distribution system. The IQ sample rate of the USRP was 30.72 Msps and a GNU Radio flowgraph was used to channelize four frequencies from the spacecraft (8463.7, 8471.2, 8478.6 and 8486.2 MHz), using an IQ sample rate of 480 ksps for each channel. Only the 8471.2 MHz channel contains a signal from the spacecraft. The GNU Radio flowgraph stored the IQ data for each channel as 32-bit floats in the GNU Radio metatata file format, with detached headers. After recording, the data was converted 16-bit integers and SigMF format. This dataset contains the IQ data for the channel at 8471.2 MHz, which corresponds to the orbiter, in SigMF format. Each polarization is in a different file. The original metadata headers are also provided. This dataset contains the X polarization. The Y polarization can be found in "Chang'e 5 RF recording at 8471.2 MHz with Allen Telescope Array between TEI-1 and TEI-2 (Y polarization)".
Random Blood Glucose Level to Predict Gallstone Pancreatitis Severity in Indonesian Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Established gallstone pancreatitis severity predictors are impractical because they require multiple diagnostic variables that take time to develop. This study aimed at finding a simple severity predictor to improve patient management. We conducted this cross-sectional study by extracting data from the medical records of patients with gallstone pancreatitis (ICD 10 code K85.1) in the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 2008–2016. For statistical analysis, we used random blood glucose (RBG) levels on admission, severity grading based on the 2012 revision of the Atlanta Classification, and mortality. Data included were from 41 patients with gallstone pancreatitis [mean age, 49.2 years; men, 24 (58.5%) and women, 17 (41.5%)]. The median RBG levels in mild, moderately severe, and severe disease groups were 109.5; 131; and 171 mg/dL, respectively. This study found a significant difference in RBG level between patients in the mild and those in the severe disease groups (P = 0.008). ROC curve of RBG and severe gallstone pancreatitis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.885 (CI 95%, 0.743–1.000). RBG level at 154.5 mg/dL had the optimal sensitivity (75%) and specificity (91.8%) values to predict severe disease. The positive and negative predictive values at the cutoff RBG level of 154.5 mg/dL were 50% and 97.1%, respectively. This study found no association between RBG level and mortality but found an association between severity grading and mortality (P = 0.021; OR 0.028). RBG level can be used to accurately predict gallstone pancreatitis severity.
Synergistic effect of certain pre-storage chemicals on the quality attributes of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rambutan is one delicious fruit popularly cultivated in tropical regions. Its quality goes down rapidly within few days in storage and distribution. Due to its high perishability, it's necessary to extend its shelf life by ensuring the minimal changes of physicochemical characteristics. Calcium chloride, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and salicylic acid have been demonstrated to be effective in pre-storage treatment for fruits and vegetables. There was not any research mentioned to the incorporation of these agents on rambutan fruit to verify the synergistic effect. This research was conducted at STNanotech laboratory in 2021 to evaluate to observe the quality attributes of pretreated rambutan fruit during 15 days of storage at ambient temperature. Rambutan fruit was submersed 2 minutes in different solutions: (1) fresh water only as control, (2) 2 mM salicylic acid, (3) 2% CaCl2 , (4) 2|uL/L 1-MCP, (5) 1 mM salicylic acid + 1% CaCl2, (6) 1 mM salicylic acid + 1|uL/L 1-MCP, (7) 1% CaCl2 + 1|L/L 1-MCP, (8) 0.5 mM salicylic acid + 0.5% CaCl2 + 0.5|L/L 1-MCP. The pretreated samples were drained 5 minutes on racks to remove excess water. These fruit groups were then individually packed in polyethylene boxes (14 x 6 x 4 cm, length x width x height) at ambient temperature for 15 days. In 3 day-interval, samples were taken to determine weight loss, firmness, decay index, total soluble solid, vitamin C, total phenolic content. Results suggested that the combination of 0.5 mM salicylic acid + 0.5% CaCl2 + 0.5|L/L 1-MCP was beneficial to delay fruit weight loss, softening, decay while maintaining total soluble solid, vitamin C and total phenolic content of rambutan fruit during storage by limiting the cell wall decomposition and the cell wall enzymatic hydrolysis.
BMP-3 and BMP-6 Structures Illuminate the Nature of Binding Specificity with Receptors,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are extracellular messenger ligands involved in controlling a wide array of developmental and intercellular signaling processes. To initiate their specific intracellular signaling pathways, the ligands recognize and bind two structurally related serine/threonine kinase receptors, termed type I and type II, on the cell surface. Here, we present the crystal structures of BMP-3 and BMP-6, of which BMP-3 has remained poorly understood with respect to its receptor identity, affinity, and specificity. Using surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore) we show that BMP-3 binds Activin Receptor type II (ActRII) with Kd approximately 1.8 microM but ActRIIb with 30-fold higher affinity at Kd approximately 53 nM. This low affinity for ActRII may involve Ser-28 and Asp-33 of BMP-3, which are found only in BMP-3's type II receptor-binding interfaces. Point mutations of either residue to alanine results in up to 20-fold higher affinity to either receptor. We further demonstrate by Smad-based whole cell luciferase assays that the increased affinity of BMP-3S28A to ActRII enables the ligand's signaling ability to a level comparable to that of BMP-6. Focusing on BMP-3's preference for ActRIIb, we find that Lys-76 of ActRII and the structurally equivalent Glu-76 of ActRIIb are distinct between the two receptors. We demonstrate that ActRIIbE76K and ActRII bind BMP-3 with similar affinity, indicating BMP-3 receptor specificity is controlled by the interaction of Lys-30 of BMP-3 with Glu-76 of ActRIIb. These studies illustrate how a single amino acid can regulate the specificity of ligand-receptor binding and potentially alter biological signaling and function in vivo.
Decision-making with incomplete information : a process-based study.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This thesis extends the phenomenon of incomplete information by introducing two distinct forms of incomplete information: Missing and hidden information. With the use of agency and attribution theory, we predict the relative effects of missing and hidden information on decisionmaking in a personnel selection context. Information criticality served as a boundary condition. The experiment was a 2*2 (type of incomplete information and criticality of information) within-subjects design with repeated measures on one factor. In addition to a quantitative measure of decision outcomes, a process-based approach - verbal protocol analysis, was adopted to explore the cognitive process of the decision-maker. We found that different types of incomplete information prompted different types of attributions, and consequently different rating outcomes. Similarly, criticality of information was found to affect the attributions and ratings made on missing and hidden information candidates.
Distinct HIV-1 Neutralization Potency Profiles of Ibalizumab-Based Bispecific Antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Preexposure prophylaxis using antiretroviral agents has been shown to effectively prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition in high-risk populations. However, the efficacy of these regimens is highly variable, which is thought to be largely due to the varying degrees of adherence to a daily intervention in the populations. Passive immunization using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1, with their relatively long half-life and favorable safety profile, could provide an alternative to daily preexposure prophylaxis. However, most bNAbs have a limited breadth, only neutralizing 70%–90% of all HIV-1 strains. Methods: To overcome the problem of limited antiviral breadth, we proposed that targeting human CD4 and HIV-1 envelope proteins simultaneously may improve virus-neutralization breadth and potency. Therefore, we constructed bispecific antibodies (biAbs) using single-chain variable fragments of anti-gp120 bNAbs fused to ibalizumab (iMab), a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human CD4, the primary receptor for HIV-1. Results: Some of our biAbs neutralized 100% of HIV-1 strains tested in vitro at clinically achievable concentrations. Distinct neutralization patterns were observed in this panel of biAbs. Those biAbs with specificity for the CD4-binding site on gp120 demonstrated 100% breadth, as well as slightly improved potency compared with iMab. In contrast, biAbs with specificity for the V1-V2 apex epitope or the V3-glycan epitope on gp120 demonstrated dramatically improved potency; some showed limited gain in neutralization breadth, whereas others (eg, PGT128-LM52 and 123-iMab) improved to 100% breadth. Conclusion: Our data suggest that this panel of iMab-based biAbs could be used to probe the parameters for potent HIV-1 neutralization. Moreover, a few of these biAbs warrant further studies and possibly clinical development.
Effector mechanisms in cyclosporine A-induced syngeneic graft-versus-host disease. Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Syngeneic graft-versus-host disease (SGVHD) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease occurring postsyngeneic bone marrow transplantation and the administration of the potent immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporine A. Paradoxically, cyclosporine A disrupts the immunologic homeostasis governing self-tolerance. Our studies using an adoptive transfer model attempted to identify effector mechanisms associated with the autoimmune disease. Both CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T cells isolated from autoimmune donors were required for the adoptive transfer of active disease into lethally irradiated secondary recipients reconstituted with normal bone marrow. Doses of more than 5 x 10(6) of nylon wool depleted splenocytes from autoimmune donors effectively transferred disease into lethally irradiated secondary recipients. Splenocytes that are T cell depleted or CD4(+)-enriched cells did not elicit disease upon adoptive transfer. Nylon wool fractionated CD8+ splenocytes also failed to adoptively transfer disease unless high doses (greater than or equal to 30 x 10(6)) were used. The disease transferred with the CD8+ subset presented as acute type SGVHD and was self-limiting. The recombination of the individually isolated T cell subsets not only restored but also enhanced immune reactivity upon adoptive transfer. Moreover, use of the recombined subsets resulted in progressive disease with the development of chronic type SGVHD. The titration of each subset to the other suggested that a minimal number of CD4+ T cells was required to potentiate the CD8+ autoreactive cells in vivo. Further analysis of the helper cell involved demonstrated that it had a CD4+ CD45r- phenotype, characteristic of an amplifying helper cell population. Administration of IL-2 did not substitute for CD4+ Th cells but yet amplified the activity of unfractionated cells or recombined subsets implicating the role of other factors in the pathogenesis of SGVHD. Delineation of the effector mechanisms involved in SGVHD is critical in determining the underlying events that trigger either the production of autoreactive cells or the perturbation of the regulation of these autoreactive cells, culminating in autoimmunity.
The politics of race and immigration in the Italian north and south

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In late January 1990, during the celebration of Carnival in Florence, about forty youths, masked and armed and calling themselves “avengers,” beat several North Africans and a Slav. Chanting “get the Moroccan” and “sporchi spacciatori, tunisini di merda” (“dirty dealers, shitty Tunisians”), they chased immigrants, destroyed property, and clashed with police (La Repubblica, 1 March 1990). This brutal expedition to “clean up the city” was not an isolated incident. A week earlier, merchants in the historic center of Florence had sponsored a march to gain public support for their objections to the presence of unlicensed immigrant street vendors. Posters warned ominously of giustizieri della notte (“avengers of the night”) (La Repubblica, 1 March 1990). The neo-fascist party, the Italian Social Movement (MSI), joined the march and led the chants of “rimandiamoli a casa” (“let's send them home”) and “facciamo la giustizia da soli” (“let's take justice into our own hands”) (La Repubblica, 21 February 1990). The party's poster, depicting hands ripping apart a map of Florence, was plastered throughout the city. Although the party claimed the hands represented corruption, to observers they appeared significantly dark skinned.
On the Structure of α-BiFeO3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polycrystalline and monocrystalline α-BiFeO3 crystals have been synthesized by solid state reaction and flux growth method, respectively. X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction techniques are used to study the crystallographic and magnetic structure of α-BiFeO3. The present data show that α-BiFeO3 crystallizes in space group P1 with a = 0.563 17(1) nm, b = 0.563 84(1) nm, c = 0.563 70(1) nm, α = 59.33(1)°, β = 59.35(1)°, γ = 59.38(1)°, and the magnetic structure of α-BiFeO3 can be described by space group P1 with magnetic modulation vector in reciprocal space q = 0.0045a* - 0.0045b*, which is the magnetic structure model proposed by I. Sosnowska (1) applied to the new P1 crystal symmetry of α-BiFeO3.
Oral midazolam reduces cortisol levels during local anaesthesia in children: a randomised controlled trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Little is known about whether midazolam sedation can reduce salivary cortisol levels and consequently influence children's behaviour during dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of midazolam sedation on salivary cortisol and its correlation with children's behaviour during restorative dental treatment. Eighteen healthy children, aged two to five years, were randomly assigned to two dental treatment appointments, both with physical restraint: oral midazolam 1 mg/kg (MS) and placebo (PS). An observer assessed the children's behaviour (videos) using the Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS). The children's saliva was collected just after waking up, on arrival at the dental school, 25 minutes after local anaesthesia, and 25 minutes after the end of the procedure. Salivary cortisol levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. The data were analysed by bivariate tests and multivariate analysis of variance (5% level). Salivary cortisol levels were lower in the MS group than in the PS group at the time of anaesthesia (p = 0.004), but did not vary during the appointment within sedation (p = 0.319) or placebo (p = 0.080) groups. Children's behaviour was negative most of the time and did not differ between MS and PS; however, the behaviour (OSUBRS) did not correlate with salivary cortisol levels. Oral midazolam is able to control salivary cortisol levels during dental treatment of pre-schoolers, which might not lead to better clinical behaviour.