jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF L-TYROSINE, VITAMINS E AND C ON PERPHENAZINE-INDUCED CATATONIA IN RAT

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Catatonia is one of the major signs of parkinson’s disease which is due to impaired dopamine in extrapyrmidal system. This study was performed to elucidate the role of L-tyrosine, vitamin E and vitamin C on perphenazine-induced catatonia in model of rat. Eight groups of rats were pretreated orally by a single dose of L-tyrosine (1500 mg/kg), vitamin E (250 mg/kg), vitamin C (300 mg/kg), vitamin E plus vitamin C, vitamin E plus L-tyrosine, vitamin C plus L-tyrosine, vitamins E and C plus L-tyrosine and normal saline (control group) for two weeks, respectively. One hour after the last dose, perphenazine (5 mg/kg) was administered (IP) to induce catatonia. Muscular rigidity of animals was determined by scoring method of Morpurgo. The results of this study indicate that L-tyrosine plus vitamins E and C could reduce the perphenazine-induced muscular rigidity better than other groups.
[Intraperitoneal transplantation derived from spontaneous colonic cancer of WF rat strain].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Intraperitoneal transplantation of spontaneous colon carcinoma of WF strain has been established. There are two lines of transplantable colon carcinoma derived from the male and female rat of the same litter (MM4-48H). These two lines are now (Sept. '83) at the 16th generation. They have been succeeded every 3 weeks intraperitoneally using 4-weeks old male and female siblings of WF strain. Histology of these transplantable colon carcinoma was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma at the first few generations but changed gradually medullary tubular pattern at the 16th generation. We believe this is the first report of transplantable tumor lines from the spontaneous colon carcinoma itself and these lines can be used for screening test of carcinostatics.
A glucose-controlled insulin infusion system for diabetic women during labour.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A glucose-controlled insulin infusion system was used to control blood glucose concentration during labour or caesarean section in six insulin-dependent diabetics. The mean blood glucose concentration during the four hours of labour immediately before delivery was 4.6-5.2 mmol/1 (82.9-93.7 mg/100 ml). Feedback control of insulin delivery by blood glucose concentration should decrease the risk of postpartum hypoglycaemia in the infant and allow normal obstetric management for the insulin-dependent diabetic in labour.
Theoretical and Historical Perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter studies the legitimacy of the EU’s quest for diplomatic and consular recognition on the international plane. To build the necessary background, it looks at theories of public international law (PIL) with regard to the right of legation, sovereignty, and functionalism. As a body of law created by nations to govern the conduct of and relations between one another, PIL holds in high regard rights in facilitating peaceful interactions and co-existence between sovereign states. Whether this means that a right of legation (ie the right to conduct formal diplomatic and consular relations) arises in light of this underlying rationale is debated, as is the question whether this means actors other than states can exercise it. This allows space for a deeper delve into questions related to the structure and conditions of access to diplomatic and consular relations by the European Union (EU).
P3-S1.35 Systemic and mucosal IgG and IgA antibody responses in genitalChlamydia trachomatisinfection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the UK. Screening and treatment programmes do not appear to have reduced the population levels of Chlamydia. Ideally a vaccine stimulating both humoural and T-cell responses against CT should be developed. We therefore wished to further study the humoural immune response to chlamydial infection both systemically and mucosally in the female genital tract in natural infection. Methods Cervical secretions (obtained with Weck-Cel spears, Medtronic) and serum from twenty-six women diagnosed chlamydia-positive were assessed for Chlamydia-specific IgA and IgG responses (Anilab systems, Finland) at baseline and at 4 months follow-up. Samples from thirty chlamydia-negative women were used as controls. The Mann–Whitney non-parametric test was used to compare groups. Results There was a significant difference between CT+ve and CT−ve IgG in serum samples (IgG median absorbance values p=0.006, median CT-ve samples 0, +ve samples 0.255) and IgA serum values (p=0.005, CT+ve median 0.491, CT−ve 0.119). There was no significant difference between cervical IgG and IgA levels between CT+ve and CT−ve women (IgG median absorbance values, CT+ve samples 0.012, 0 CT−ve; IgA CT−ve 0.202, CT+ve, 0.032), although there was a trend towards raised cervical IgG in CT+ve samples (p=0.08). There was no significant difference between antibody levels at baseline and 4 months for the 10 CT+ve women who have returned so far. Discussion Our data suggests that the local and systemic antibody responses to genital chlamydial infection are highly variable. No CT+ve samples studied display positive absorbance levels in all four tested parameters. However, serum IgG and IgA responses are significantly raised in CT+ve individuals, and these values remain high at 4 months follow-up. This is in contrast to local responses which are not significantly different between CT+ve and CT−ve individuals, although there is a trend towards raised cervical IgG in CT+ve samples. The results of this study so far indicate that local immune responses, in comparison to systemic responses, are not well-defined. This may have implications both for chlamydial vaccine development, and mucosal assessment of candidate vaccines.
Structural evolution and photoluminescence tuning of Bi3+/Sb3+ doped zero-dimensional perovskite [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6 under pressure

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The tunable photoluminescence (PL) response of Bi3+/Sb3+ doped zero-dimensional perovskite [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6 via pressure-induced structure evolution is investigated using high-pressure techniques and density-functional theory calculations. In contrast to the rigidification of [SnCl6]2−/[SbCl6]3− octahedra by Sb3+ ions, Bi3+ ions trigger the distortion of the [SnCl6]2−/[BiCl6]3− octahedra at a relatively lower pressure, and even a cubic-to-trigonal phase transition of Bi3+ singly doped [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6 occurs at higher pressures due to its pressure sensitivity, wherein, the organic (CH3)3S+ chains enhance the flexibility of [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6 host structure. For Bi3+/Sb3+ doubly doped [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6, the two metal ion dopants interact with each other, accompanied by synergistic lattice distortion, resulting in novel self-trapped exciton emission behaviors in the host that is distinct from the single-ion doping effects. The pressure-dependent PL performance of Bi3+ and Sb3+ doped [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6 suggests its promising potential in the field of perovskite-based tunable light-emitting devices.
II.—The Perisomic Plates of the Crinoids. By Charles Wachs-Muth and Frank Springer Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1890, Part III. pp. 345–392, Pls. IX. X. (02, 1891).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

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Brain 5-HT[1A] receptors : behavioural and neurochemical pharmacology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Offering a survey of the chemistry, pharmacology and behavioural and clinical effects of 5-HT1A receptors, in particular of 8-OH-DPAT, Buspirone and Ipsapirone, this study highlights the potential therapeutic utility of these drugs in the treatment of anxiety and depression. It also discusses topics such as the neurochemical and behavioural effects of 8-OH-DPAT as an anti-depressant and anxiolytic agent in studies of senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Neuroinfectious Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bacterial meningitis causes acute inflammation of the leptomeninges, with an onset of signs and symptoms over the course of hours to days. The median duration of symptoms at the time of clinical presentation is only 24 hours, and tends to not be greater than 2 weeks, even with subacute pathogens. Acute inflammation of the leptomeninges with purulent exudates is seen grossly and on microscopic examination of tissue specimens. The classic signs and symptoms of acute bacterial meningitis are fever, nuchal rigidity, altered mental status, and headache. Fever is present in 95% of patients at the time of presentation. The microbiology of bacterial brain abscesses, while often mixed, is fairly predictable based on the likely source of infection. Most of the presenting clinical features of brain abscess result from the space-occupying lesion itself, and the specific signs and symptoms are a manifestation of the size and location of the abscess as well as the virulence of the pathogens involved.
High Selective Solvent Extraction of Palladium(II), Rhodium(III), and Platinum(IV) with 2-Ethylhexylaminomethylpyridine from Hydrochloric Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 2-Ethylhexylaminomethylpyridine can extract Pd(II), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) with excellent selectivity over Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Ir(III) from the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. It forms 1:1 complexes with palladium(II), rhodium(III), and platinum(IV) ions accompanied by chloride ions.
Higher Rates of Proximal Sessile Serrated Adenomas Among Whites Compared to Asians, Hispanics and Blacks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) data in the United States reveal that Whites rank third behind Blacks and American Indian/Alaska Natives for incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer. Sessile Serrated Adenomas (SSAs) have been proposed to play a role in the development of interval colorectal cancer; however, limited studies have assessed the prevalence of SSAs among Whites, Asians, Hispanics and Blacks. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of SSAs between Whites, Asians, Hispanics and Blacks using sessile serrated adenoma detection rate (SSADR) as a surrogate of prevalence. Methods: Colonoscopy quality data was collected prospectively at our single tertiary referral center from June 2012 to May 2017 using Qualoscopy (Docbot, Inc.). We included all diagnostic, screening and surveillance colonoscopies in Whites, Asians, Hispanics and Blacks over 40 years of age. Whites were compared to Asians, Hispanics and Blacks for detection of polyps (PDR), adenomas (ADR) and sessile serrated adenoma (SSADR) (Table 2). Subgroup analysis included colon location. Baseline characteristics included gender, age, BMI, bowel prep scores, bowel prep liters, total procedure time and cecal intubation rates (Table 1). Significance was determined by a two-tailed Fischer's exact test and T-test.Table: Table. Average Polyp Detection RatesTable: Table. Baseline CharacteristicsResults: 6085 colonoscopies met our inclusion criteria, of which 4448 were performed in Whites, 989 in Asians, 481 in Hispanics and 167 in Blacks. Overall, Whites had statistically higher rates of proximal sessile serrated adenomas (9.10%) compared to Asians (7.10%), Hispanics (3.70%) and Blacks (4.20%). Compared to Hispanics, Whites had significantly higher PDRs, ADRs, SSADRs within the entire colon and right colon and higher PDRs and ADRs within the left colon. Compared to Asians, Whites had significantly higher SSADRs within the entire colon but significantly lower ADRs within the left colon. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate significant racial differences in detections rates of polyps, adenomas and sessile serrated adenomas. Whites have higher proximal SSADRs compared to Asians, Hispanics and Blacks. Although Blacks have a higher incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer compared to Whites, we were unable to demonstrate increased prevalence of precancerous polyps in this group, perhaps due to the small sample size of our Black cohort. Larger studies are needed to verify our findings, which have significance relative to optimal screening and surveillance strategies.
Abstract 13846: Shared Curriculum Delivery Gaps Among Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology Fellowship Programs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Nearly 4,000 heart transplants and more than 5,000 LVAD implants were performed in the US in 2021. Medical care for these patients is performed by Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology (AHFTC) physicians. Variations in faculty expertise and patient pathology exist between training programs, and some may be unable to provide a curriculum addressing all recommended competencies during the one-year-long fellowship. This study is a targeted needs assessment identifying gaps in curriculum delivery among US AHFTC fellowship programs. Methods: 50 medical knowledge competencies were selected from the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA/ISHLT/ACP Training Statement on Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology. AHFTC fellowship programs were identified using the AMA’s FREIDA website. A survey was published on Qualtrics. An anonymous link was emailed to all program directors (PDs), while PDs and program coordinators (PCs) were asked to help distribute the survey to current fellows. Results: 17 PDs and 11 fellows completed the survey. The most common areas where little to no training was reported to be provided were: role of lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (68%), pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction associated with portal hypertension (61%), and conditions that may impact mechanical circulatory support strategies in adult patients with congenital heart disease (58%). Respondents most requested a moderate to a significant amount of more training in the following areas: appropriate treatment of patients with each type of pulmonary hypertension (63%), pharmacology of medications available to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (58%), and role of lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (53%). (The information reported is as of June 12, 2022. Data collection is ongoing.) Conclusions: Common gaps in curriculum delivery among US AHFTC fellowship programs appear to exist. The most desired area for additional instruction involves different aspects of the management of pulmonary hypertension. A focused centralized curriculum could be developed to teach these concepts, thereby better preparing AHFTC fellows to care for these types of patients in the future.
Preparation of one- to four-branch silver nanostructures of various sizes by metallization of hybrid DNA–protein assemblies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We exploit the versatility of DNA–protein assemblies to generate branched metal nanostructures, referred to as nanoshurikens, of various sizes and degrees of branching. Branched silver nanostructures are prepared by metallization of star-shaped DNA–protein templates composed of monobiotinylated DNA molecules surrounding a single streptavidin protein core. DNA–protein templates are prepared by direct assembly that results in a mixture of 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-branch structures that can be separated by gel electrophoresis. A one-pot, bulk metallization is then performed in situ by successive addition of silver nitrate and sodium borohydride. This results in branched metal nanostructures with one to four branches of a well-defined length that is about 3-fold shorter than that of the template. We show that it is possible to tune two structural parameters: (i) the degree of branching by varying the concentration of streptavidin and (ii) the branch length (from 21 ± 5 nm to 107 ± 22 nm) by using biotinylated DNA molecules of different sizes.
Research on Digital Protection and Inheritance of Huanglongfu Cultural Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research aims to discuss the digital protection and inheritance countermeasures of Huanglongfu cultural heritage, providing the basis for the protection and development of Huanglongfu cultural heritage. Through analyzing the importance of Huanglongfu cultural heritage and the problems existing in the digital protection and inheritance of Huanglongfu cultural heritage, the specific measures that should be taken in the digital protection and inheritance of Huanglongfu cultural heritage and the proposals how to reasonably develop and utilize the digital achievements of Huanglongfu cultural heritage are put forward. Using advanced digital technology to protect the cultural heritage of Huanglongfu is a necessary and effective method, is a historical mission given by the times and is necessary for culture protection, cultural transmission and cultural renaissance. Only digitizing the cultural heritage of Huanglongfu can be more conducive to the further inheritance and only reasonable exploitation and utilization can bring better economic benefits, achieving a double harvest of protection and inheritance and economic development.
LHD EB-NPA-C #180233.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To study fast ion confinement and transport mechanisms both in quiescent plasmas and in the presence of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activity, an electric field parallel to the magnetic field type neutral particle analyzer (E||B-NPA) was installed using Micro-Channel Plates (MCPs) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The E||B-NPA is an established diagnostic used to measure the energy distribution of charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasmas corresponding to hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, respectively.
Diffusion of OECD Transfer Pricing Regulations in Eastern Africa: Agency and Compliance in Governing Profit-Shifting Behaviour

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Eastern African countries have codified transfer pricing regulations in their efforts to ring fence corporate tax revenue against profit shifting by multinational companies. Kenya (in 2006), Uganda (2011) and Rwanda (2020) used the dominant OECD transfer pricing guidelines as a template for reform. The wisdom of this approach for developing countries is contested in academic and civil society literature. According to this view, Western states largely dominate rule-setting procedures, and the costly enforcement of transfer pricing drains the scarce resources of revenue authorities. How can we reconcile the critical perspective in global debates with the roll-out of OECD type transfer pricing regimes on the ground? Case study evidence collected in these countries reveals that policymakers prefer anti-avoidance measures that are widespread and considered global practice. The widespread adoption of OECD transfer pricing norms worldwide gives them a unique compatibility advantage – this allows governments to adopt them as a way to raise public revenue, without compromising their attractiveness to investors. These network externalities are among the powerful lock-in effects that have cemented the position of the OECD guidelines in global tax governance. This study complements this narrative with a more bottom-up perspective. This highlights how domestic coalitions drive support for the OECD framework by mobilising both ideational and economic network effects. From this perspective the OECD rules are still an authoritative focal point for policymakers because interested social groups leverage concern about investor attractiveness. Ideational incentives shape bureaucratic policy advice to OECD standards. Civil society organisations, despite their critical stance towards the OECD guidelines at a global level, did not coalesce around a specific alternative – and instead raised the urgency of increasing public revenue.
CO2Respiration Characteristics with Physicochemical Properties of Soils at the Coastal Ecosystem in Suncheon Bay

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper was studied $CO_2$ respiration rate with physicochemical properties of soils at wetland, paddy field and forest in Nongju-ri, Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon city, Jeollanam-do. Soil temperature and $CO_2$ respiration rate were measured at the field, and soil pH, moisture and soil organic carbon were analyzed in laboratory. Field monitoring was conducted at 6 points (W3, W7, W13, W17, W23, W27) for wetland, 3 points (P1, P2, P3) for paddy field and 3 points (F1, F2, F3) for forest in 10 January 2009. $CO_2$ concentrations in chamber were measured 352~382 ppm for wetland, 364~382 ppm for paddy field and 379~390 ppm for forest, and the average values were 370 ppm, 370 ppm and 385 ppm, respectively. $CO_2$ respiration rates of soils were measured $-73{\sim}44\;mg/m^2/hr$ for wetland, $-74{\sim}24\;mg/m^2/hr$ for paddy field and $-55{\sim}106\;mg/m^2/hr$ for forest, and the average values were $-8\;mg/m^2/hr$, $-25\;mg/m^2/hr$ and $38\;mg/m^2/hr$. $CO_2$ was uptake from air to soil in wetland and paddy field, but it was emission from soil to air in forest. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in uptake condition increased exponential and linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. But, it in emission condition decreased linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in wetland decreased linear as soil moisture, but its in paddy and forest increased linear as soil moisture. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in all sites increased linear as soil pH, and increasing rate at forest was highest.
Historical and future climate change fosters expansion of Australian harvester termites, Drepanotermes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Past evolutionary adaptations to Australia's aridification can help us to understand the potential responses of species in the face of global climate change. Here, we focus on the Australian-endemic genus Drepanotermes, also known as Australian harvester termites, which are mainly found in semiarid and arid regions of Australia. We used species delineation, phylogenetic inference, and ancestral state reconstruction to investigate the evolution of mound-building in Drepanotermes and in relation to reconstructed past climatic conditions. Our findings suggest that mound-building evolved several times independently in Drepanotermes, apparently facilitating expansions into tropical and mesic regions of Australia. The phylogenetic signal of bioclimatic variables, especially limiting environmental factors (e.g., precipitation of the warmest quarter), suggests that the climate exerts a strong selective pressure. Finally, we used environmental niche modeling to predict the present and future habitat suitability for eight Drepanotermes species. Abiotic factors such as annual temperature contributed disproportionately to calibrations, while the inclusion of biotic factors such as predators and vegetation cover improved ecological niche models in some species. A comparison between present and future habitat suitability under two different emission scenarios revealed continued suitability of current ranges as well as substantial habitat gains for most studied species. Human-mediated climate change occurs more quickly than these termites can disperse into newly suitable habitat; however, their role in stabilizing arid ecosystems may allow them to mitigate effects on some other organisms at a local level.