jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STATE-CHURCH RELATIONS IN THE FIRST CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC: SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is indicated that the relationship between the Church and the state went through various stages in its formation both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole. In addition, the state’s relations with religious organizations in various countries still have their own specifics. Models of these relationships are usually built depending on the political, religious, cultural and other traditions of each region. Therefore, today in Europe, despite the presence of a number of common trends, there is still no unity of approaches in building a system of state-church relations. It is quite obvious that in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to study the existing historical experience of Czechoslovakia. Regarding this, the confessional policy of the Czechoslovak state in the 20th century has a special value. Back in the interwar twentieth century (1918–1938), an attempt was made here to build such a model of the relationship between the state and religious organizations, which, on the one hand, provided for the secular nature of the state and the maximum limitation of the role of the church in public life, and on the other hand, the preservation of the main elements of the system of state -church relations that developed in Austria-Hungary. We can say that in a slightly modified form this model continued to exist in Czechoslovakia and in the second half of the 20th century. Even during the years of state atheism, the church here was not separated from the state. Thus, in the 20th century, Czechoslovakia accumulated rich experience in adapting traditional elements of the state church to new historical conditions. Based on the study of domestic and foreign sources, the article analyzes the legal regulation of state-church relations in the First Czechoslovak Republic. The study attempted to analyze the country’s relationship with the Vatican, which consisted primarily of the need to conclude a concordat agreement. The legal nature of Modus vivendi is analyzed. It was determined that the model of state-church relations in the first Czechoslovak Republic became an organic development of the model that existed in Austria-Hungary. It can be said that the process of equalizing the rights of all state-recognized denominations came to a certain logical conclusion in the first Czechoslovak Republic. At the same time, one of the fundamental principles of Austrian religious policy was preserved in the Czechoslovak Republic – the desire to limit the ties of local denominations with foreign administrative centers as much as possible.
Reflections on the Quality of Life of Adults with Down Syndrome from an International Congress

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

People with Down syndrome often experience more barriers to achieving a good quality of life compared to people without disabilities. A lot of the existing research has focused on the views of parents and professionals, rather than directly including the voices and perspectives of people with Down Syndrome themselves. At the 2024 World Down Syndrome Conference, over 140 adults with Down Syndrome came together at a one-day Forum to talk about their lives—what’s going well and what could be better. The goal was to hear directly from them. This article explains how the Forum was run so that others with Down Syndrome can use a similar process. It also shows how Artificial Intelligence (AI) could help organise and share the information they give. Eight key things were found that would help people to have a good life: 1. Good relationships with family and friends; 2. Having a job; 3. Learning new things; 4. A place of our own to live; 5. Feeling safe; 6. Good health; 7. Making my own choices; 8. Being respected and included. The Forum gave valuable insights and helped us think of new ideas for supporting people with Down Syndrome to speak up for themselves. AI (Artificial Intelligence) could be a helpful tool in the future to help them share their experiences and needs. More research is needed to understand how people with Down Syndrome can be more involved in making changes through projects where they take an active role.
Beware the Unexpected Infection: Disseminated Varicella Zoster Virus Mimicking A Drug Eruption

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adverse cutaneous reactions to medications are not uncommon and may resemble viral infection and vice versa, complicating diagnosis. We describe the case of a 79-year-old male with cholangiocarcinoma with liver and presumed lung metastasis who presented with abdominal pain and was admitted with ileitis with partial small bowel obstruction. He had a widespread papulovesicular rash with hemorrhagic center, mostly on his face, chest, and back. The rash was initially thought to be a drug eruption, but was eventually diagnosed via dermatopathological examination as disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Steroid treatment was discontinued, and airborne precautions were initiated. Polymerase chain reaction for VZV was obtained and intravenous acyclovir treatment was begun. This case of VZV, initially suspected to be an adverse drug reaction, highlights the importance of early identification of a highly infectious lesion and the importance of early infection control measures, given the implications of exposure to VZV for health care personnel.
Economic impact and technical change

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The technology decomposition theory is proposed for technologies that exhibit rapid technical change. This theory is intended to support technology forecasting by means of definition of the technical change in technology constituents. Technology decomposition shows that rapid technical change is mainly accomplished by improvements in the manufacturing process. The improvements are the result of the design of new production equipment. Measurements of technical change are used to derive a technology constituent value. It is proposed that the derived constituent value is the maximum achievable. This leads to implications for the management of technology in general and, specifically, for the management of product engineering, if the product depends on one or more rapidly changing technologies.< >
Forms of implementation of legal policy in the field of civil law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most pressing modern problems of international law is the study of the characteristics of the regulation of civil law, as well as the forms of application of legal policy in the field of civil law. The guidelines for the development of private law policy are not only related to the development of legislation and the improvement of civil law doctrine, but also to the reform of judicial approaches in the examination of civil law disputes. The aim of the study is to form a scientific understanding of legal policy in the field of civil law, taking into account its current state. The multiplicity of objectives is dictated by the search for legal tools that optimize the existing mechanism of regulation of civil law as a solid basis to guarantee the effective application and full protection of the subjective rights and legitimate interests of civil law. In carrying out the study of the subject, the traditional scientific methods of knowledge were applied in jurisprudence, whose basis is the method of materialist dialectics, which allows to provide a comprehensive analysis of the processes under study in their conditionality and historical interrelation.
The magmatic architecture of continental flood basalts II : A new conceptual model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]The magmatic architecture of continental flood basalts II : A new conceptual modelAuthorsTusharMittaliDMark A.RichardsSee all authors Tushar MittaliDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorUniversity of California, BerkeleyiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-0018view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMark A. RichardsUniversity of California, Berkeleyview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Glucose Transporter 1 Downregulates Glycolysis, Induces Cell-Cycle Arrest, and Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file, 168KB, Intracellular ATP concentrations under different doses of extracellular ATP. time-dependence of extracellular ATP rescue of WZB117-treated cancer cells, and WZB117-induced autophagy.</p>
Designing Cloud Security and Operations Models in the Changed Geopolitical Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Historically, the paradigm of cloud emerges from the telecommunications industry. is is where operators commonly oer virtual private network (VPN) services, which bear similar services quality in term of engineering (see Figure 5.3), but charge a very low cost of execution. is averts the former situation in telecommunication in which dedicated pointto-point telecommunication circuits show a high degree of resources redundancy. Cloud computing provokes a more balanced utilization of network and computing resources in servers (Wood et al., 2011). Users can access data, applications, and other resources plainly through a computer browser. is is independent of the devices used and available at any location where users stay. Cloud infrastructure is supported through the latest state of art of internet infrastructure oering high resiliency in throughput and reliability such that more intensive computing jobs can be handled.
Estrogen‐induced pituitary tumor development in the ACI rat not inhibited by dietary energy restriction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have demonstrated that a 40% restriction of dietary energy consumption virtually abolishes the development of prolactin (PRL)-producing pituitary tumors in Fischer 344 (F344) rats treated chronically with estrogen, apparently by inhibiting the ability of estrogen to enhance survival within a rapidly proliferating lactotroph population. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine whether energy restriction exerts a similar antitumorigenic action in another rat strain, August×Copenhagen-Irish (ACI), in which PRL-producing pituitary tumors develop in response to estrogen treatment. Ovariectomized female ACI rats were either allowed to consume a control diet ad libitum or were fed a modified diet that restricted energy consumption by 40% relative to the amount of energy consumed by animals fed the control diet. We also examined the ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) administered for 20 wk via subcutaneous Silastic implants to induce development of PRL-producing pituitary tumors. Treatment with E2 increased pituitary weight as well as the pituitary weight–to–body weight ratio and induced gross hyperprolactinemia to the same extent in ACI rats fed either the control or the energy-restricted diet. Moreover, dietary energy restriction did not affect the ability of E2 to induce pituitary cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis, as evidenced by quantification of two surrogate markers. These data provide compelling evidence that a 40% restriction of energy consumption does not inhibit the ability of E2 to induce pituitary tumor development in the ACI rat. In conjunction with our published studies of the F344 rat strain, the data presented herein indicate that the inhibitory effects of dietary energy restriction on estrogen-induced pituitary tumor development are rat-strain specific and suggest that sensitivity to specific antitumorigenic actions of energy restriction is strongly affected by genetic background. Mol. Carcinog. 26:239–253, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy reduces the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children with cancer: Implications for the role of airway inflammation in asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Asthma is common in Australian children, with a prevalence of 30%. Airway inflammation is an important determinant of asthma symptoms. Chemotherapy used for the treatment of many childhood cancers suppresses inflammation. The prevalence of asthma symptoms in children treated with chemotherapy is unknown. Methodology: We therefore performed a survey of symptoms of asthma in children attending the oncology clinic at John Hunter Children’s Hospital during the first 6 months of 1996. Results: Fifty children aged 1–17 years were surveyed. Thirty-two of the children were in remission and had completed treatment with chemotherapy and 18 were currently undergoing treatment with chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of asthma in children before, during and after chemotherapy (26%, 22% and 34%), or in the prevalence of asthma in their siblings (28%). No child was classified as having persistent asthma while on chemotherapy and there was a significant reduction in the requirement for preventive asthma drugs 12% versus 0% (P = 0.03) being reported during chemotherapy. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma in children who develop cancer is similar to their siblings and the same as the population as a whole. While asthma symptoms do not disappear completely during chemotherapy, the severity of asthma symptoms is less, with no need for asthma preventive treatment. The immunosuppressive side effects of the chemotherapy used in the treatment of childhood cancer appear to induce a remission in asthma symptoms. The ongoing requirement for bronchodilator therapy in patients whilst on chemotherapy suggests airway hyperreactivity persists in children while they are on chemotherapy. Prospective study of the airways of this group of patients promises to provide insights into the relationships between airway hyperreactivity, airway inflammation and asthma.
Absence of <i>in vivo</i> mutagenicity of 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonohydrazide) in liver and glandular stomach of Muta<sup>TM</sup> Mouse

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonohydrazide) (OBSH) is a blowing agent widely used in the manufacture of porous plastics and rubber. OBSH was notified as an additive in the Japanese positive list system for food utensils, containers and packaging. The in vitro mutagenicity of OBSH was shown extensively in bacterial reverse mutation assays, a DNA repair test, and a chromosomal aberration test. Few studies exist on in vivo genotoxic evaluation on OBSH apart from an in vivo micronuclei test. To clarify in vivo mutagenicity, we conducted a transgenic rodent gene mutation (TGR) assay (OECD TG 488). We dosed male MutaTM Mouse with OBSH by oral gavage at 0 (negative control), 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, and evaluated mutant frequencies (MFs) of lacZ in the liver and glandular stomach (5 mice/group). We observed two deaths and a reduction in body weight at 100 mg/kg/day. Although we exposed MutaTM Mouse to OBSH orally for 28 days up to the maximum tolerated dose, we did not detect in vivo mutagenicity in the liver and glandular stomach. In contrast, in the positive control we detected significantly increased MFs. The results of this study suggest that OBSH is not mutagenic in vivo.
Tobacco Smoking and Thyroid Function: Is Weight Gain a Confounder?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Solutions for reducing the severe economic burden of musculoskeletal diseases

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Issue In Slovenia the big group of over 150 musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (MSCTD) constitute a serious public health problem, a major burden on health systems and society as a whole. Patients with these diseases have a poorer quality of life and often retire early. Any early retirement that could have been prevented represents a loss of human capital, which is a major social and economic cost to society. The aim of this study was to analyze the economic burden of the six most common MSCTD in Slovenia for the period from 2020 to 2022, to contribute to a better understanding of this problem and suggest solutions. Methods At the Slovenian National Institute of Public Health, in collaboration with the Faculty of Economics at the University of Ljubljana, we calculated the burden of six most common MSCTD for the period 2020-2022. We used the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) methodology to calculate the indirect costs; direct costs were calculated based on the national routine health data. Results The calculated economic burden of the six most common diagnoses of MSCTD represents 5% of total health expenditure or 0.4% of Slovenian gross domestic product on average. Direct costs amounted to 2% of total health expenditure (hospitalizations 22.5%, costs for medicines 9.3%, first curative visits at the primary level and visits to the outpatient clinic at the secondary level 2.7%). Indirect costs amounted to 3% of total health expenditure. Conclusions Despite the reduced access to the health system due to COVID-19 the economic burden of MSCTD is high in Slovenia and would be significantly higher considering all diagnoses from this group of diseases. The research requires interdisciplinary cooperation between medicine and economics regarding demanding NTA methodology which is innovative in our country. Key messages • One of the main public health priorities in Slovenia should be to raise awareness of MSCTD. • In the light of the aging population prevention activities with focus on MSCTD should be intensified as soon as possible.
Formation and modern state of ecosystem in Tolmachevskoye reservoir (Kamchatka) and the acclimatized there population of kokanee ( <i>Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi</i>)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evolution of local ecosystem in Tolmachevskoye reservoir and changes in its artificial population of kokanee salmon are traced on the data of authors’ observations in 2009-2013 and previous archival and cited data. Decreasing of inorganic phosphorous, nitrogen, and bioavailable iron is detected in the water against a background of water warming. As the result, phytoplankton production and abundance decrease, its species composition becomes simpler, chlorophyll а concentration becomes lower. Zooplankton abundance is stable (1-2 g/m3), as before the reservoir appearance, but species structure of plankton crustaceans is changed, and the copepods Cyclops scutifer , small cladocerans Holopedium gibberum, Bosmina longirostris , and Daphnia ( Daphnia ) cristata group prevail recently. The salmon food spectrum is wide and includes a lot of unedible fractions as wood chips and plant detritus; coefficient of consumption is high - these factors indicate a deficiency of forage resources for fish. The fish condition indicates a chronic malnutrition. The state of female gonads is satisfactory, without any visible pathology, as in 2003-2007, but the oocytes resorption goes concurrently with maturation of gonads that is a sign of hard competition for the food within the kokanee population. The current stable state of the population differs from preceded stages of its development by lower stock add smaller size of fish, the age of spawning is now 4-7 years. Among other freshwater fish, the kokanee salmon is distinguished by high content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Artificial populations in Kamchatka could be considered as a resource for both amateur or sport fishing and commercial aquaculture.
Pupil Dilation with Intracameral Epinephrine Hydrochloride during Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective . To investigate mydriatic effect of intracamerally injected epinephrine hydrochloride during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods . Eighteen cataract patients for bilateral phacoemulsification were enrolled. To dilate pupil, one eye was randomly selected to receive intracamerally 1 mL epinephrine hydrochloride 0.001% for 1 minute after corneal incision (intracameral group), and the contralateral eye received 3 drops of compound tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 0.5% at 5-minute intervals 30 minutes before surgery (topical group). Pupil diameters were measured before corneal incision, before ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) injection, after OVD injection, before IOL implantation, and at the end of surgery. Results . At each time point, the mean pupil diameter in the intracameral group was2.20±0.08,5.09±0.20,6.76±0.19,6.48±0.18, and5.97±0.24 mm, respectively, and in the topical group it was7.98±0.15,7.98±0.15,8.53±0.14,8.27±0.16, and7.93±0.20 mm, respectively. The topical group consistently had larger mydriatic effects than the intracameral group (P<0.05). The onset of mydriatic effect was rapid in the intracameral group. There was no difference in surgical performance or other parameters between groups. Conclusions . Intracameral epinephrine hydrochloride appears to be an alternative to the mydriatic modalities for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. In comparison with topical mydriatics, intracameral epinephrine hydrochloride offers easier preoperative preparation, more rapid pupil dilation, and comparable surgical performance.
The Appeal to Intuition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the methodology that philosophers employ to defend their theories of moral responsibility, and reveals the ways in which they rely on appeals to intuition. It shows that most leading theories aspire to universality; that is, they aim to provide conditions for moral responsibility that hold for human beings across cultures. It then identifies the crucial empirical assumptions upon which theories of moral responsibility rely because of these common features. It suggests that philosophical theorizing can have a corrupting influence on our intuitions. Our intuitions might be biased in favor of theories we have spent much of our careers developing. Moreover, even if we concede that the intuitions of philosophers are more reliable than those of “common folk,” we cannot assume that these intuitions are uniform among the experts.