jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interaction between photoexcited rhodopsin and peripheral enzymes in frog retinal rods

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The major peripheral and soluble proteins in frog rod outer segment preparations, and their interactions with photoexcited rhodopsin, have been compared to those in cattle rod outer segments and found to be similar in both systems. In particular the GTP‐binding protein (G) has the same subunit composition, the same abundance relative to rhodopsin (1/10) and it undergoes the same light and nucleotide‐dependent interactions with rhodopsin in both preparations. Previous work on cattle rod outer segments has shown that photoexcited rhodopsin (R * ), in a state identified with metarhodopsin II, associates with the G protein as a first step to the light‐activated GDP/GTP exchange on G. The complex R * ‐G is stable in absence of GTP, but is rapidly dissociated by GTP owing to the GDP/GTP exchange reaction. Low bleaching extents (< 10% R * ) in absence of GTP therefore create predominantly R * ‐G complexes, whereas bleaching in presence of GTP creates free R * . We report here that, under conditions of complexed R * , two reactions of R * in frog rod outer segments are highly perturbed as compared to free R * : (a) the spectral decay of metarhodopsin II (MII) into later photoproducts, and (b) the phosphorylation of R * by an ATP‐dependent protein kinase. a) The spectral measurements have been performed using linear dichroism on oriented frog rod outer segments; this technique allows discrimination between MII and later photoproducts absorbing at the same wavelength. Association of R * with G leads to a strong reduction of the amount of MIII formed and to an acceleration of the decay of MIII. Furthermore, MII is significantly stabilized, in agreement with the hypothesis that MII is the intermediate which binds to G. b) The phosphorylation of R * is strongly inhibited under conditions of R * ‐G complex formation as compared to free R * . Interferences between reactions at the three sites involved in R * are discussed: the retinal binding site in the hydrophobic core is sensitive to the presence of GTP‐binding protein at its binding site on the cytoplasmic surface of R * : the kinase and the GTP‐binding protein compete for access to their respective binding sites, both located on the surface of R * . We also observed a slow and nucleotide‐dependent light‐induced binding of a protein of molecular weight 50 000, which we consider as the equivalent of the 48 000 M r light‐dependent protein previously identified in cattle rod outer segments.
Volume change behaviour and microstructure of stabilized loess under cyclic freeze–thaw conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Freeze–thaw action is considered to be one of the most destructive actions that can induce significant damage in stabilized subgrades in seasonally frozen loess areas. Laboratory tests including frost heave – thaw shrinkage and microstructure change during freeze–thaw cycles were conducted to evaluate the volume change rate of loess stabilized with cement, lime, and fly ash under the impact of cyclic freeze–thaw conditions. The loess specimens collapsed after eight freeze–thaw cycles (192 h), but most stabilized loess specimens had no visible damage after all freeze–thaw cycles were completed. All of the stabilized loess samples underwent a much smaller volume change than the loess alone after the freeze–thaw cycles. Although surface porosity and equivalent diameter of stabilized loess samples increased, the stabilized loess can retain its microstructure during freeze–thaw cycles when the cement content was less than 6%. To ensure freeze–thaw resistance of stabilized loess subgrades, the mix proportions of the three additives was recommended to be 4 to 5% cement, 6% lime, and 10% fly ash.
The determinants of point of sales system adoption perceived by micro small medium enterprises in West Java, Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the determinants of a point of sales (POS) system adoption perceived by micro small medium enterprises (MSMEs) by using a cross-section survey data set of the largest population province in Indonesia, West Java. A binary logistic regression is employed to analyse the influence of subjective norms, images, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on POS system adoption. Valid and reliable questionnaires are used to collect data. This paper finds that image and perceived usefulness have an impact on the adoption. This result indicates that in the MSMEs context, image and perceived usefulness are factors that have a positive and significant impact on the adopters in terms of functionality.
Quo vadisDemocratic Control? The Afghanistan Decision of theBundestagand the Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court in the NATO Strategic Concept Case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The parliamentary control of executive power in foreign affairs in Germany suffered two severe blows last November; one may wonder whether it will ever recover. First, on 16 November 2001, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder transformed one of the most important foreign policy debates in the Bundestag (Parliament) into a more general policy debate by combining the decision regarding the provision of German troops to the American-led, so-called “War on Terrorism” in Afghanistan with a vote of confidence with respect to his government, pursuant to Article 68 of the Grundgesetz (GG – Basic Law). With the fate of the Red/Green coalition government hinging on the vote, and the very existence of the Green Party at stake, it was not surprising that Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer (Greens), in his speech on the issue, took a tone more suited for a party convention than for a foreign and security policy debate. And although deploring that posture, most of the opposition speakers followed suit. It was a sad day for German parliamentary democracy. The failure of the Bundestag to live up to its responsibilities is even more apparent in the declarations that accompanied the vote, which show that a considerable number of members of the Bundestag voted for the government in spite of their continuing opposition to the provision of Bundeswehr (German Army) forces , the very conjunction rendered impossible by the use of Article 68. The use of this Article both quashed the existing strong parliamentary backing for the provision of German troops to the anti-terrorism effort in Afghanistan and elsewhere, and denied the Bundestag , and the German public, a serious debate about the first German military operation outside Europe since World War II, excepting the humanitarian contributions to UN missions in Cambodia, East Timor and Somalia.
Increased Excretion of Dehydroascorbico and Diketogulonic Acids by Rats After X-Ray Irradiation.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. Adult albino rats were exposed to 800 r single dose total body X-ray irradiation. 2. Urinary excretion of dehydroascorbic acid increased 150% after irradiation, diketogulonic acid excretion increased 230%. 3. The increase in excretion of oxidized ascorbic acid in the urine may be a general response to stress.
Study on Fasting and Postprandial Changes in Serum TG, T-Cho, HDL-C, PL, AST, ALT, .GAMMA.GTP, BUN, CRE, UA, and TBA Levels.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study sex differences in preprandial data and their postprandial fluctuations, 65 men and 59 women consumed a meal consisting of 30.9 g of fat, 21.3 g of proteins, and 95.9 g of carbohydrates with total calories of 764.9 KC. Blood specimens were collected before and 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal.For the statistical analysis, Dunnett's multiple comparison was used.Men exhibited higher values for TG, AST, ALT, γGTP, BUN, CRE, and UA, while HDL-C was higher in women. No sex-related difference was noted in the T-Cho, PL, and TBA levels.Compared with the preprandial values, TG increased with significant differences in both men and women, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal. The maximum value was recorded 3 hours after the meal, with an increase of 46.9% for men and 43.0% for women.Sensitivity and specificity were 92.0% and 92.9%, respectively, when the value 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal was over 200 mg/dl and the preprandial value was estimated to be over 150 mg/dl.Compared with the preprandial values, TBA increased in both men and women 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal. Significant differences were noted for men 2 and 3 hours after the meal. The maximum value was obtained 3 hours after the meal for both genders (increases of 40.6% for men and 39.3% for women) .The fluctuation curves for TG and TBA of some individuals suggested an effect from meals taken on the previous day. It was con-cluded that the subjects should avoid attending sumptuous affairs-such as parties-on the previous day and blood specimens should be collected before a meal.Only slight fluctuations were found in the postprandial values for T-Cho, HDL-C, PL, AST, ALT, γGTP, BUN, CRE, and UA. The maximum change from the preprandial value was less than 8.0%.
B cell lipid presentation controls the homeostasis and immunoregulatory function of iNKT cells in healthy controls but not in SLE patients : analysis of a cohort of patients before and after rituximab treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

B cells are characteristically the main ,er0tagonists in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its clinical manifestations. It is known that iNKT cells may interact with B cells to steer the production of autoantibodies in SLE, whether CD1 d-mediated lipidantigen \npresentation by B cells maintains invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in vivo remains unclear. I demonstrate that B cells are crucial for iNKT cell expansion in healthy individuals. SLE patients have reduced iNKT cell numbers, fail to expand and produce TH1like \ncytokines. We use confocal microscopy to visualise increased CD1 d aggregation in SLE B cells compared to healthy B cells. Thus, "healthy"antigen-presenting B cells are pivotal for the physiological maintenance of iNKT cells.
Alternative Antibiotics Source from Symbiont of Lactid Acid Bacteria Inside Stomach of Honeybees (Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata) Against Multiresistant Antibiotics Pathogenic Bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Honey is natural food that common used directly by the society.Forest honey produced by wild bees (Apis dorsata) while the other type of honey produced by Apis mellifera.Beekeeping A. mellifera with monoflora or multiflora nectar is generally carried out by various countries including Indonesia.Scientifically, honey containing bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties but still uncertain which compounds that play a role in these activities.Reported bioactive compounds that have antibacterial activity of honey are inhibine and non-inhibine.Inhibine is forming enzyme and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to dilute honey and nectar.The H 2 O 2 has also long been known as an effective antibacterial and major component of penicillin, especially notatin.The types of antibacterial compounds influenced by nectar-source plants with compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides.Some researchers reported that beside phytochemicals, antibacterial activity due to presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) that produce bioactive compounds with antibiotic-like activity.Some studies reported 3 LAB strains potential to produce bioactive compounds with activity resembles antibiotics, namely L. kunkeei Fhon2, L. kunkeei Lahm and L. kunkeei Yubipro with the greatest inhibition zones than other Lactobacillus.Honeybees are isolated from the stomach LAB capable of producing organic acids, free fatty acids, ethanol, benzoic acid, enzymes, H 2 O 2 and antimicrobial peptides.Different character of the bioactive compounds will jointly deliver results on inhibition zone and broad spectrum for various types of microbial pathogens.Microbial pathogens tested including Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Decoding Pneumonia: Leveraging CNNS for Accurate Chest X-Ray Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pneumonia is a known potentially fatal lung disease that is frequently referred to as a silent killer since it can lead to lung alveoli filling with pus or fluid, mainly from fungal, viral, or bacterial infections. Chest X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool for pneumonia; however, the diagnosis becomes more complex when other pulmonary disorders such volume loss, haemorrhage, lung cancer, fluid overload, and consequences from radiation or surgery are taken into account. As a result, the interpretation of chest X-rays becomes complex, which makes the development of computer-aided diagnosis systems necessary to help physicians make decisions that are more accurate. In order to diagnose pneumonia from chest X-ray pictures, the research reported here uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) enhanced with a self-attention mechanism. 'Normal' and 'pneumonia' classes are included in the dataset used in the study methodology, and data augmentation techniques are applied to improve the model's resilience. By means of extensive evaluation metrics and visualizations, the study highlights the potential of the suggested model as a useful instrument to aid clinicians in diagnosing pneumonia, consequently reducing the difficulties linked to the interpretation of chest X-rays in the context of various pulmonary conditions.
ECDC in collaboration with the VAESCO consortium to develop a complementary tool for vaccine safety monitoring in Europe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Preview this article: ECDC in collaboration with the VAESCO consortium to develop a complementary tool for vaccine safety monitoring in Europe, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/14/39/art19345-en-1.gif
Multi-domain E2E Network Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evolving networking scenarios (e.g., 5G) are considering the provision
of value-added and on-demand end-to-end (E2E) network services in
multi-domain (multi-operator/multi-technology) environments. This
document presents different initiatives, mainly within standardization
efforts and research projects, working on E2E network services across
multiple domains. Problem statement and a layered network model are
also described. In addition, this document raises an initial proposal
towards a new ALTO service in support of E2E network service
requirements. Finally, another important objective of this document is
to begin a discussion about motivating use cases in scope of the ALTO
WG after the re-chartering process.
Comparative Survey of Fungi and Potential Pathogenic Fungi from Selected Beaches in the Tampa Bay Area

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYSUMMARYThirty-six species representing 26 genera were isolated from the intertidal area of selected Tampa Bay area beaches. Beaches used frequently and infrequently by bathers were found to differ in their species composition. Data from this study support other studies which suggest that the intertidal areas of maritime habitats may constitute a reservoir of fungal propagules (colony-forming units) of potentially pathogenic fungi. Thraustochytriaceous fungi as well as keratinolytic, cellulolytic, and thermotolerant species were also present. However, dermatophytes were not isolated in the 9-mon collecting period at any of the four beach sites.
ChemInform Abstract: “On Water” Organic Synthesis: A Highly Efficient and Clean Synthesis of 2‐Aryl/Heteroaryl/Styryl Benzothiazoles and 2‐Alkyl/Aryl Alkyl Benzothiazolines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The development impact of genetic use restriction technologies: a forecast based on the hybrid crop experience

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Advances in biotechnology have made available gene-manipulation techniques that enable the protection of genetic material from unauthorized use and the prevention of self-supply of commercial seeds by farmers—in order to allow enhanced appropriation of the values of innovation in agricultural R&D. These techniques have become known as Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs). This paper forecasts the potential impact of wide-spread adoption of GURTs by the providers of HYV seeds on the yield development in developing countries. To do so, it assesses (1) the effects of enhanced appropriation through GURTs on the technological expansion at the yield frontier and (2) the effects of technological protection of value-adding traits through GURTS on the diffusion of yield gains from the frontier to developing countries. These assessments are based on a particular hypothesis, which is that GURTs will replicate across most staple crops the experiences that were made with a previous use restriction technology (hybridization) in only a few crops. The estimation of impacts is carried out as a simulation and is based on expansion and diffusion parameters estimated for hybrid seeds over a 38-year period. It shows that the impact of GURTs on developing countries' yields will vary considerably. Specifically, those countries that currently have the lowest yields would be most adversely affected in their future yield development by the wide-spread use of GURTs.
Inconceivable Iran: To Reproduce or Not to Reproduce?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Celebrating the 50th volume of the landmark Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality series, this book offers a much-needed analysis of shifting reproductive policies and practices in the Islamic Republic of Iran, a society that is usually represented as either “revolutionary” or “oppressive.” Instead, Tremayne reflects on more than four decades of research arguing that changing reproductive behaviors on the part of ordinary Iranians must always be viewed against the backdrop of core cultural values and traditions, which are often reinforced, instead of radically altered, by new reproductive technologies, juridical opinions, and state policies.
Iron(II)-Catalyzed Heck-Type Coupling of Vinylarenes with Alkyl Iodides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An iron(II)-catalyzed radical alkyl Heck-type reaction of alkyl iodides with vinylarenes under mild conditions has been reported. t-Butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) behaves simultaneously as a radical relay initiator, a precursor for the generation of alkyl radical from alkyl iodides, and an oxidant to recycle iron(II)/iron(III). Unactivated primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides are compatible with the reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggest that a radical-polar-crossover pathway might be involved in the catalytic cycle.
Simulation and visualisation of terrain erosion on GPU

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of realistic terrain geometry generation has been present in computer graphics since the very beginning. The most frequent use of realistic terrain can be seen in movies, games and various simulations. In our thesis, we present a procedure for real time generation of realistic terrain, which can only be achieved by parallel computing on the GPU. We start the process by generating a random terrain using fractals, which later serves as a base geometry for erosion simulation. Then we start the real time fluid simulation and observe how hydraulic erosion creates river beds on the terrain. Due to the changes in temperature, thermal erosion causes rocks to crack and therefore to crumble and cause the formation of scree at the bottom of hills and mountains. Finally we propose a model for procedural generation of the roads. First we calculate the most energy-efficient path from point A to point B by choosing the right heuristic function of the A* search algorithm. Then we smooth the resulting path and create the road and verge of arbitrary width. The final result of the thesis is a realistic geometry of the terrain and road that winds over the terrain and avoids natural obstacles.
[Unusual increase in amniotic fluid alpha fetoprotein and trisomy 13].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From 10 observations of trisomy 13, 3 presented an elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein level considered as unusual in 2 cases, superior to cut-off level in the other case. Macroscopic examination of the three fetus could not reveal a cause of AFP elevation, neural tube defect or abdominal wall defect. The authors discuss the role of an undetected abnormality such as minor scalp defect with very thin membrane and for one case false-negative result of Kleihauer test.
Caesarean sections on request: Perceptions and positions (1996-2008)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This thesis examines perceptions of caesarean sections on request from the mid-1990s to 2008, and in particular the meaning of the term and how this mode of delivery has affected doctors’ practice, as well as the opinions of expectant mothers. Within the field of obstetrics, caesareans on request represent a highly relevant issue, not only because a quarter of all births are currently by caesarean delivery. However, despite its relevance, this topic has not yet been the subject of substantial academic research.

Caesareans on maternal request refer to caesareans with no clinical indications and thus no obvious medical justification – this fact in particular has stirred the medical world as well as evoking disputes among pregnant women. By exploring the views of medical professionals and mothers-to-be, this thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach, combining aspects of medical history and the social sciences. Furthermore, it goes beyond the clinical perspective by researching popular scientific publications, such as advice books and even debates on online forums.
The phenomenon of caesareans on request suggests a change in indications, as well as a shift from caesarean delivery as an emergency intervention to a viable option. It involves an interaction between patient autonomy, risk assessment and prevention; furthermore, obstetric behaviour and changes in medical attitudes have played their part in providing the grounds for making maternal choice possible.
Workplace Analysis and Ergonomics in Engineer-to-Order Production Sites: A Study on the Workplace Design of Control Cabinet Manufacturing Enterprises

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ergonomic measures aimed at redesigning the workplace and processes are necessary to improve safety, health, and productivity. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major cause of lost productivity and sick leave among workers in the European Union, with the manufacturing sector in Germany having the second highest levels in 2020. The most affected occupational group is machine operators and assemblers. This paper aims to visualize the current state of ergonomics at manual workplaces in engineer-to-order (ETO) companies. The contribution is twofold offering an adapted guideline with criteria for workplace assessment in ETO companies as well as minimum ergonomic requirements for manual workplaces. The requirements were developed based on empirical data collected in three ETO companies, specifically in the use case of control cabinet manufacturing. The findings show that the developed guideline aids managers in purposefully identifying optimization potentials at workspaces and reducing economic losses caused by working conditions.