jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Collision Avoidance Strategy for Inland Waterways

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the flourishing development of inland waterway transportation, the restricted environmental characteristics and dense ship traffic significantly increase the difficulty of ship collision avoidance maneuvers. This not only limits the application of intelligent navigation technology in inland waterways but also imposes higher demands on the safety of ship navigation. Therefore, it is necessary to construct an appropriate collision avoidance strategy to guide safe and intelligent navigation of ships. Based on the characteristics of inland waterways, a hierarchical strategy is proposed, which first determines the direction of course adjustment and then solves for the adjustment magnitude. By integrating the design of a directional intent model that considers the course danger sector and ship complexity, as well as a multi-objective decision-making model that accounts for the potential situational impact costs and maneuvering time constraints, the optimal collision avoidance direction and appropriate adjustment magnitude are obtained. The research results indicate that this strategy performs well in various scenarios, especially in dense multi-ship environments, with minimal adjustment fluctuations and a smooth trajectory change trend, while ensuring a minimum inter-ship distance of at least 0.55 n miles. It is worth mentioning that the model can potentially be further developed to enhance the safety and decision-making capabilities of intelligent ships navigating inland waterways.
Josephson current suppression in three-dimensional focused-ion-beam fabricated sub-micron intrinsic junctions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have fabricated intrinsic Josephson junction arrays in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 thin films using three-dimensional focused-ion-beam milling. We have measured the dependence of the switching current density of these arrays at 4.2 K upon the junction cross-sectional area. There is strong suppression of the switching current density for junctions of area less than 1 µm2, the current extrapolating to zero at an area of 0.25 µm2. We discuss the possible roles of gallium ion implantation and both thermal and quantum fluctuations in this current suppression.
Chemical Constituents of Berberis coriaria Royle

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad Manuscript received 12 January 1978, revised 18 July 1978, accepted 3 November 1978 Berberine and a new ketone, 7-methyl tetracosan-6-one have been isolated from the stem bark of \(Berberis \) \(coriaria\)
Catalysis Enabled Synthesis of Tricyclic-PGDM Methyl Ester and Design of Potent PRMT5:MEP50 Inhibitors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A concise and scalable total synthesis of the therapeutically relevant methyl ester of the prostaglandin D2 metabolite, tricyclic-PGDM, was accomplished in 8 steps from a known and easily accessed cyclopentene-diol derivative. The route features three key transition metal catalyzed steps. These steps include: a nickel catalyzed Ueno-Stork type dicarbofunctionalization which generates two consecutive stereocenters on the central cyclopentane core, a late-stage palladium-catalyzed carbonylative oxaspirolactonization, and a Z-selective cross metathesis to introduce the Z-butenoate side chain- a motif difficult to introduce through traditional protocols and which caused significant issues in the previous total syntheses of tricyclic-PGDM. Through this route, we have accumulated 75 mg of material for an 18O tricyclic-PGDM clinical assay which previously suffered from a material shortage. In addition to completing the synthesis, we generalized the Z-selective cross metathesis and nickel catalyzed Ueno-Stork protocols to numerous other substrates further demonstrating the utility of these transformations.
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from the cofactor SAM to arginine residues on various cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Of the nine members of the PRMT family, PRMT5 has been the most extensively studied and has been shown to regulate processes such as the DNA damage response, cell proliferation, and mRNA translation. Although numerous pathways have been identified that regulate PRMT5 activity, the cytosolic protein MEP50 has been identified as a key regulator in many diseases. PRMT5 and MEP50 interact to form a hetero-octameric complex, which can modulate the activity of PRMT5 for many cellular processes. Two new generations of PRMT5:MEP50 inhibitors were strategically designed and synthesized, which do not suffer from chemical instability like our previously most potent analogues. Our best compounds have IC50 values ranging from 512 to 2.5 nM in LNCaP cells, and were confirmed to target the PRMT5:MEP50 interaction through BiFC analysis.
Source localization in resource-constrained sensor networks based on deep learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Source localization with a network of low-cost motes with limited processing, memory, and energy resources is considered in this paper. The state-of-the-art methods are mostly based on complicated signal processing approaches in which motes send their (processed) data to a fusion center (FC) wherein the source is localized. These methods are resource-demanding and mostly do not meet the limitations of motes and network. In this paper, we consider distributed detection where each mote performs a binary hypothesis test to detect locally the existence of a desired source and sends its (potentially erroneous) decision to FC during just one bit (1 indicates source existence and 0 otherwise). Hence, both processing and bandwidth constraints are met. We propose to use an artificial neural network (ANN) to correct erroneous local decisions. After error correction, the region affected by the source is specified by nodes with decision 1. Moreover, we propose to localize the source by deep learning in FC which converts the network of decisions 1 and 0 to a black and white image with white pixels in the locations of motes with decision 1. The proposed schemes of error correction by ANN (ECANN) and source localization with deep learning (SoLDeL) were evaluated in a fire detection application. We showed that SoLDeL performs appropriately and scales well into large networks. Moreover, the applicability of ECANN in delineation of farm management zones was illustrated.
Compare the Content of Ginsenoside Re in Red Ginseng and Puerarin Ginseng

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore processing technology of the new auxiliary material ginseng products-puerarin ginseng and establish a content determination method of ginsenoside Re in red ginseng and puerarin ginseng.Methods Using ultrasonic with 70% ethanol to extract effective components in puerarin and appropriate enrichment using rotary evaporation apparatus,then put ginseng in this liquid,drying;extract the effective components using methanol ultrasonic and scanning(λS= 550 nm,λR=650nm).Results Sample quantity and peak area is a good linear relationship.The standard curve is Y=161.2X-166.84,r=0.9994 and the contents of ginsenoside Re are respective 0.19%和0.21% in red ginseng and puerarin ginseng.Conclusions Thin layer scanning method operation is simple,accurate,and can be used as a comparison red ginseng and puerarin ginseng in the content of ginsenoside Re.
Effective Use of Self-service Technology by Physically Disabled Individuals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vulnerable communities create significant challenges for service providers. However, the use of self-service technologies can play an important role in meeting the needs of physically disabled individuals as the service sector strives to reduce the growing costs of providing customized services, while also trying to control costs and maintain service quality. Facilitating self-service technology use by people with disabilities may help them to live more independently and enhance their quality of life. It may also save costs for service providers through reduced use of service employees in service encounters. To this end, this research-in-progress paper provides the conceptual foundation for a study that aims to explore the impact of technology-based service use by this community on their well-being.
GLOBUS PHARYNGEUS: A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA TO OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIST

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Throat discomfort or globus pharyngeus or “lump in the throat” is one of the common symptoms for which a patient is referred to an otorhinolaryngology clinic. The causes may vary according to the region of involvement along the upper aero-digestive tract. Detailed history and examination are needed to diagnose this clinical entity. Resaaurance is the key component of management.
Comments on turbulence theory by Qian and by Edwards and McComb

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We reexamine Liouville equation based turbulence theories proposed by Qian {[}Phys. Fluids \textbf{26}, 2098 (1983){]} and Edwards and McComb {[}J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. \textbf{2}, 157 (1969){]}, which are compatible with Kolmogorov spectrum. These theories obtained identical equation for spectral density $q(k)$ and different results for damping coefficient. Qian proposed variational approach and Edwards and McComb proposed maximal entropy principle to obtain equation for the damping coefficient. We show that assumptions used in these theories to obtain damping coefficient correspond to unphysical conditions.
Women preparing to reenter the workforce

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Re-entry women have been conceptualized as a homogeneous group primarily due to their highly similar personality and demographic characteristics. Divorced, widowed, and separated women as well as low income women are increasingly found within re-entry populations. However, little is known about how these women may differ from the other subgroups of reentry women. To this end, the personality characteristics, life events, and work values of three subgroups of re-entry women were studied (Adapters, Explorers, Change Seekers). Results indicated that similarities and differences do exist within the re-entry population. The personality characteristics commonly ascribed to re-entry women as a group were not the same as those personality characteristics found to be significant among the three groups of re-entry women. Significant differences were found between subgroups on the Life Events Scale and on six of the twenty work values. The implications for career counselling are discussed.
Myeloid depression follows infection of susceptible newborn mice with the parvovirus minute virus of mice (strain i)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The in vivo myelosuppressive capacity of strain i of the parovirus minute virus of mice (MVMi) was investigated in newborn BALB/c mice inoculated with a lethal intranasal dose. MVMi infection reached maximum levels of DNA synthesis and infectious titers in lymphohemopoietic organs at 4 to 6 days postinoculation and was restricted by an early neutralizing humoral immune response. After viral control (by 10 days postinoculation), a significant decrease in femoral and splenic cellularity, as well as in granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit and erythroid burst-forming unit hemopoietic progenitors, was observed in most inoculated animals. This delayed myeloid depression, although it may be not a major cause of the lethality of the infection, implies indirect pathogenic mechanisms induced by MVMi infection in a susceptible host.
Are the Rock Compositions of the Ancient Mountain Range of Mars, Thaumasia Highlands, Distinct from Tharsis Lavas?: Machine Learning Evaluation of TES Data and Implications on Early Evolution of Mars

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract-Prominent characteristics of the Thaumasia highlands mountain range include magnetic signatures, complex tectonic structures, cuestas, hog backs, and valley networks (characteristics similar to the mountain ranges of Earth), revealed through Viking, Mars Odyssey (MO), Mars Express (MEX), and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) information. We have applied Machine Learning and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to published geologic and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) hyperspectral image cube information. When compared to the ancient mountain-forming materials, the younger plains-forming materials record a different TES emissivity signature. This finding is consistent with Viking-era, geological mapping-based interpretations that the mountain-forming materials could be comprised of a diversity of rock types, other than lava flow materials. These include ancient highly eroded and geochemically altered crystalline igneous and/or metamorphic rocks that generally underlie sedimentary rock sequences including aeolian, fluvial, alluvial, and colluvial deposits. In contrast, the plains-forming materials are lava flow materials. Here, we describe a useful Machine Learning approach that aids in assessment of the spectral data, the significance of the Thaumasia highlands mountain range to unraveling the early evolutionary phases of Mars, and a rationale for continued investigation of such ancient features including other mountain ranges such as Coprates rise
Photocatalytic Hybrid Semiconductor–Metal Nanoparticles; from Synergistic Properties to Emerging Applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hybrid semiconductor–metal nanoparticles (HNPs) manifest unique combined and often synergetic properties stemming from the materials combination. These structures exhibit spatial charge separation across the semiconductor–metal junction upon light absorption, enabling their use as photocatalysts. So far, the main impetus of photocatalysis research in HNPs addresses their functionality in solar fuel generation. Recently, it was discovered that HNPs are functional in efficient photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This has opened the path for their implementation in diverse biomedical and industrial applications where high spatially temporally resolved ROS formation is essential. Here, the latest studies on the synergistic characteristics of HNPs are summarized, including their optical, electrical, and chemical properties and their photocatalytic function in the field of solar fuel generation is briefly discussed. Recent studies are then focused concerning photocatalytic ROS formation with HNPs under aerobic conditions. The emergent applications of this capacity are then highlighted, including light‐induced modulation of enzymatic activity, photodynamic therapy, antifouling, wound healing, and as novel photoinitiators for 3D‐printing. The superb photophysical and photocatalytic properties of HNPs offer already clear advantages for their utility in scenarios requiring on‐demand light‐induced radical formation and the full potential of HNPs in this context is yet to be revealed.
Comparative Assessment of Contact Analysis using Penalty Method and Lagrange Multiplier Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Contact analysis is the finite element analysis (FEA) for contact problems.Contact problems are highly nonlinear and require significant computer resources to solve.Different approaches used in the contact analysis by Finite Element Method (FEM) arethe Lagrange multiplier approach, penalty method and augmented Lagrangian method. Utilizing simulation, the contact parameters can be obtained such as the contact stress, contact strain, penetration and sliding distance, contact pressure among the two surfaces when a certain displacement is provided to one surface keeping the other fixed. In this paper, both the penalty method and the Lagrange multiplier method have been utilized to examine their efficacy in terms of the contact analysis.
The importance of out-of-school environmental education entities for integrating environmental education into school curriculum : perspectives from Finnish and Dutch environmental education experts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is imperative to integrate environmental education into school curriculum, which requires an educational change nationally. The implementation of such change can be chaotic in the beginning and thus demands highly the collaborative work of all involved actors. This study analyses how important out-of-school environmental education entities can be in helping all the main influencing factors and actors during the change s implementation. Arguments on this topic by the environmental education experts from Finland and the Netherlands are analyzed in the light of the conceptual background of both environmental education and impacting factors of an educational change. Out-of-school environmental education entities can be helpful in integrating environmental education into school subject by primarily demonstrating its need, clarity, complexity, quality and practicality; inspiring and training the teachers and principals how and what to teach, and networking with all other relevant factors such as principal, parents and local government. The co-existence of out-of-school and in-school environmental education will be strengthening each other and making environmental education more efficient.
Myostain is Involved in GINSENOSIDE-Rb1-mediated anti-obesity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Obesity, as one of the major public health problems in the world, has attracted more and more attention. Rb1 is the most abundant active component of Panax ginseng and it has been reported to have benefit effects on obesity and diabetes. But the mechanisms of Rb1 in regulation of obesity are not very clear. In this study, by use of obese mice, we found that Rb1 not only reduced body weight but also decreased myostain (MSTN) expression,which plays a vital part in the regulation of obesity. In vitro, we found that Rb1 treatment also decreased MSTN expression in differentiated C2C12 cells (Myoblast cells) and 3T3-L1 cells (adipocytes). Fndc5, as the downstream of MSTN, was increased after Rb1 treatment. Conclusions﻿Our results showed that Rb1 may ameliorate obesity in part through MSTN/Fndc5 signaling pathway. Our study provides important experimental evidences for the treatment of obesity by Rb1.
Classification of gastrointestinal stromal tumor syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, thought to derive from neoplastic outgrowth of the interstitial cells of Cajal. Building on recent advances in recognition, classification and diagnosis, the past two decades have seen a changing paradigm with molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies. KIT and PDGFRA mutations account for 85–90% of GIST carcinogenesis. However, the remaining 10–15% of GISTs, which until recently were called KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs, have been found to have one of the several mutations, including in the SDHA , B , C , D , BRAF and NF1 genes. Though most of such GISTs are sporadic, a number of families with high incidence rates of GISTs and other associated clinical manifestations have been reported and found to harbor germline mutations in KIT , PDGFRA , SDH subunits and NF1 . The goal of this review is to describe the mutations, clinical manifestations and therapeutic implications of syndromic and inherited GISTs in light of recent studies of their clinicopathologic range and pathogenesis.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from basil (Ocimum americanum L.) leaves with pretreatment using pulsed electric field (PEF)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The study was conducted to determine the role of the pulsed electric field (PEF) as a pretreatment on the extraction of phenolic compounds from basil ( Ocimum americanum , L.) leaves. The research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, factor 1: exposure time (10, 15, and 20 seconds) and factor 2: voltage (1000, 1500, and 2000 Volts). Extraction was done by maceration using 80% ethanol at 50°C. The results showed that PEF treatment had a significant effect on total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) of basil extract. The best treatment at exposure time of 10 seconds and a voltage of 1500 Volts obtains TPC of 260.50 mg GAE/g and IC 50 of 35.96 ppm. Whereas the untreated sample (without PEF pre-treatment) obtains TPC of 175.75 mg GAE/g and IC 50 of 116.25 ppm. The data showed that PEF treatment before the extraction of basil leaves increased TPC by 1.5 times and antioxidant activity by 3.2 times. FTIR spectra showed that PEF pre-treatment increases absorption or decreases transmittance, which indicates the increase of extract concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed that PEF treatment causes pore formation on the cell membrane, which might facilitate the release of phenolic compounds.
Orofacial Analgesic-Like Activity of Carvacrol in Rodents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Carvacrol (CARV) is a phenolic monoterpene present in the essential oil of several aromatic spices. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of CARV on formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced orofacial nociception in mice. Male mice were pretreated with CARV [25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight (BW), intraperitoneal (i.p.)], morphine (5 mg/kg BW, i.p.), or vehicle (distilled water + one drop of 0.3% cremophor in distilled water), before formalin (20 μl, 2%), capsaicin (20 μl, 2.5 μg), or glutamate (40 μl, 25 μM) was injected into the right upper lip. Our results revealed that i.p. pretreatment with CARV was effective in reducing the nociceptive face-rubbing behaviour in both phases of the formalin test and also produced a signifi cant antinociceptive effect at all doses in the capsaicin and glutamate tests. Further, we showed that the action of CARV on the central nervous system (CNS) did not affect these results, since this compound did not exert a significant CNS-depressant effect, as shown by the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Our results suggest that CARV might represent an important tool for the treatment of orofacial pain
Vitamin D receptor and cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vitamin D Receptor Structure - \nVitamin D target tissues contain a \nspecific vitam in D nuclear receptor \n(VDR). VDRs are present in more than \n30 cell types particularly those \nresponsible for calcium homeostasis, \nimmune f unction, endocrine, \nhematopoiesis and tumors. VDR is a \nSlkDa steroid, thyroid protein hormone. \nVDR shows more than 95% homology \nbetween species. The VDR contains an \nN-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD). \nThis acts as a cysteine-rich recognition \ndomain on a sulfhydryl protein. In the Cterminal there is present a ligand - \nbinding domain (LSD). In response to \nincreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) \nand calcitriol synthesis of the VDR \nreceptor increases (Bak, 2006). [excerpt]
1-[2-[(5-Cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]acetyl-2-(S)-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile:  A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor with Antihyperglycemic Properties

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition has the potential to become a valuable therapy for type 2 diabetes. We report the first use of solid-phase synthesis in the discovery of a new DPP-IV inhibitor class and a solution-phase synthesis that is practical up to the multikilogram scale. One compound, NVP-DPP728 (2), is profiled as a potent, selective, and short-acting DPP-IV inhibitor that has excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity.