jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bernstein-gamma functions and exponential functionals of Lévy processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the equation $M_Ψ(z+1)=\frac{-z}{Ψ(-z)}M_Ψ(z), M_Ψ(1)=1$ defined on a subset of the imaginary line and where $Ψ$ is a negative definite functions. Using the Wiener-Hopf method we solve this equation in a two terms product which consists of functions that extend the classical gamma function. These functions are in a bijection with Bernstein functions and for this reason we call them Bernstein-gamma functions. Via a couple of computable parameters we characterize of these functions as meromorphic functions on a complex strip. We also establish explicit and universal Stirling type asymptotic in terms of the constituting Bernstein function. The decay of $|M_Ψ(z)|$ along imaginary lines is computed. Important quantities for theoretical and applied studies are rendered accessible. As an application we investigate the exponential functionals of Levy Processes whose Mellin transform satisfies the recurrent equation above. Although these variables have been intensively studied, our new perspective, based on a combination of probabilistic and complex analytical techniques, enables us to derive comprehensive and substantial properties and strengthen several results on the law of these random variables. These include smoothness, regularity and analytical properties, large and small asymptotic behaviour, including asymptotic expansions, bounds, and Mellin-Barnes representations for the density and its successive derivatives. We also study the weak convergence of exponential functionals on a finite time horizon when the latter expands to infinity. As a result of new factorizations of the law of the exponential functional we deliver important intertwining relation between members of the class of positive self-similar semigroups. The derivation of our results relies on a mixture of complex-analytical and probabilistic techniques.
DNA damage by various forms of active oxygens and its inhibition by different scavengers using plasmid DNA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The degree of DNA damage by the treatment with various molecular species of active oxygen and its inhibition by pretreatment with different scavengers were evaluated using pUC19 plasmid DNA. DNA damage caused by O2-. generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system (X-XOD), .OH by Fenton reactions, and OCl- by NaOCl involved the generation of open circle DNA demonstrating single strand breaks. Catalase (Cat), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DETAPAC), desferroxiamine (Desferal), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol (EtOH) all inhibited 60-80% of DNA damage by the generated O2-.. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited all DNA damages by O2-.. Cat, DETAPAC and Desferal effectively inhibited DNA break by .OH; complete inhibition of .OH-induced DNA break was achieved by addition of DMSO and EtOH. Desferal and EtOH completely inhibited DNA damage by OCl-. These findings suggested that metal ions are associated with the mechanism of DNA damage by all forms of active oxygen species.
ADMM-Based Hyperspectral Unmixing Networks for Abundance and Endmember Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hyperspectral image (HSI) unmixing is an increasingly studied problem in various areas, including remote sensing. It has been tackled using both physical model-based approaches and more recently machine learning-based ones. In this article, we propose a new HSI unmixing algorithm combining both model- and learning-based techniques, based on algorithm unrolling approaches, delivering improved unmixing performance. Our approach unrolls the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) solver of a constrained sparse regression problem underlying a linear mixture model. We then propose a neural network structure for abundance estimation that can be trained using supervised learning techniques based on a new composite loss function. We also propose another neural network structure for blind unmixing that can be trained using unsupervised learning techniques. Our proposed networks are also shown to possess a lighter and richer structure containing less learnable parameters and more skip connections compared with other competing architectures. Extensive experiments show that the proposed methods can achieve much faster convergence and better performance even with a very small training dataset size when compared with other unmixing methods, such as model-inspired neural network for abundance estimation (MNN-AE), model-inspired neural network for blind unmixing (MNN-BU), unmixing using deep image prior (UnDIP), and endmember-guided unmixing network (EGU-Net).
Percutaneous steroid injection versus oral NSAIDs on treatment of symptomatic calcific rotator cuff tendinitis: a short-term retrospective clinical evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Symptomatic calcific rotator cuff tendinopathies (CRCT) continue to be a significant health problem in the adult population because of intense pain and disability. Different clinical responses obtained with different treatment modalities show us the importance of determining the optimal method. The aim of this study is to compare short term pain and functional status improvements in adult patients diagnosed with CRCT and treated with oral non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (O-NSAID) or percutaneous steroid injections (PSI). Material and Method: A retrospective examination was made of the clinical results of adult patients diagnosed with CRCT and treated with one of the two treatment methods. Whole study group was formed of 40 patients (20 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 42.35 ± 8.28 (range, 23-57) years. The clinical responses of the patients in a period of 3 months were compared between the two treatment groups O-NSAID, PSI using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Scale (Q-DASH). The angular upper limit values of the active range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint (anteflexion and abduction angle) of patients also were compared in the study. Results: In the PSI treatment group, in the 3rd week and 3rd month clinical evaluations, significant better responses were obtained in both the VAS and Q-DASH scores of the patients compared to O-NSAID treatment group (p=0.000, p=0.001, respectively). And significant greater shoulder anteflexion and abduction ROM upper limits were determined in the PSI treament group compared to O-NSAID treatment group at the end of the 3rd month (p=0.000, p=0.000, respectively). Conclusion: The percutaneous steroid applications in treatment of CRCT can provide more pleasing short term results than O-NSAID treatments in terms of pain reduction and functional improvement.
A serum heterodimer from hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) exhibits structural similarity and partial sequence identity with immunoglobulin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have isolated, characterized, and partially sequenced immunoglobulin from the most primitive extant nonvertebrate craniate, the hagfish, a jawless fish that may have diverged from the vertebrate lineage more than 500 million years ago. The 160-kDa protein, which is a minor serum component, is composed of two different heavy chains of 69 and 74 kDa and a light chain of 29 kDa and resembles known immunoglobulin on the basis of an equimolar ratio of heavy and light chains, N-linked glycosylation of heavy chains, presence of intra- and interchain disulfide bonds, and polydispersity of each peptide chain. High molecular mass (polymeric) as well as low molecular mass (monomeric) forms were isolated from serum. The hagfish immunoglobulin is unique in that each heterodimer is composed of two different heavy chains and two light chains. The partial peptide maps and amino acid compositions of the two heavy chains differ; the chains do not crossreact immunologically. Slight crossreactivity of the 74-kDa heavy chain with antisera against purified shark immunoglobulin and some conservation of amino acid sequences, including those surrounding a cysteine, suggest that the isolated protein is an immunoglobulin.
STUDY OF THE LEARNING CONDITIONS OF THE ELDERLY ACCORDING TO THE PHILOSOPHY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is part of a study on the philosophy of living for the elderly for lifelong learning.The purpose of the research is to study the philosophy of living of the elderly for lifelong learning.This is qualitative research by collecting data through the review of relevant documents and research.The tool is an in-depth interview and a specific conversation, conducting studies and selecting examples of elderly people, individuals at the policy level and those associated with the elderly in a specific way based on the importance of the subject is a person who is involved with the elderly in Lampang, Lamphun and Phrae province.In an in-depth interview with 16 people, a total of 48 people were injured, and by group discussion, 10 people in each province, a total of 30 people.The researchers found that in-depth interviews on the philosophy of living of the elderly for lifelong learning, there are five aspects: (1) the philosophy of living in truth, (2) the philosophy of living in knowledge, (3) the philosophy of living in reason, (4) the philosophy of living in virtue of virtue, and (5) the philosophy of living in beauty.The findings bring practical and development approaches to the elderly, as well as individuals and agencies related to the elderly, such as the school of the elderly and the elderly club, as well as the community and society, have used this research to develop activities that will respond to the lives of the elderly for lifelong learning.
Effect of the Insect Infestation by Myzus persicae and Trialeurodes vaporariorum on the Annual Production of Strawberry Under Glasshouse Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out to study the effect of the insect infestation by The Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and The Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on the quantity of the annual production of the strawberry crop, Fragaria ananassa (L.).This study was carried out at Tokh region (Qaliobya Governorate) during two successive seasons 2020, 2021 under glasshouse conditions.This study was divided into three parts, first part studied the population fluctuation of M. persicae and T. vaporariorum on strawberry plants during the two successive seasons, second part studied the effect of insect infestation by the two insects on the quantity of the annual production of strawberry fruits at the two successive seasons compared to control (which did not infest with any insect) and third part studied the effect of insect infestation by the two insects on the internal components of strawberry fruits.Results obtained showed that the infestation by M. persicae and T. vaporariorum reduced the quantity of annual production of strawberry fruits compared to control (which was non-infested by the same insects).Also, results obtained showed that the infestation by the same insects reduced both total sugar and total protein on strawberry fruits compared to control.
A 2-to-67 GHz 0-dBm LO power broadband distributed NMOS-HBT Darlington mixer in 0.18 µm SiGe process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 2-to-67 GHz distributed N-type complementary metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS)-heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) Darlington mixer using 0.18 µm SiGe BiCMOS process is presented in this paper. A distributed topology is adopted to achieve broad RF bandwidth with good radio frequency (RF) and local oscillation (LO) input return losses. A hybrid NMOS-HBT Darlington cell is utilized in the mixer gain cell design to extend RF bandwidth with low LO driving power as compared to the conventional distributed drain mixer. The proposed mixer exhibits a broad RF factional bandwidth of 188.4%, a maximum conversion gain of 5 dB, a LO power of 0 dBm, and a compact chip size of 0.76 × 0.55 mm2. The total dc power consumption is 17.5 mW.
Managing Early Ejaculation: What Does the Future Hold?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent attention in the field of male sexual dysfunction has focused on erectile dysfunction. However, premature ejaculation (PE) is an extremely common condition that warrants clinical study and exploration of pharmacologic treatments. Until recently, PE was thought to be a behavioral problem for which the best remedy was a learned control technique. However, some drugs currently on the market, including sildenafil and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, appear to have efficacy in the treatment of PE. More research is needed before FDA approval of such agents for this indication, but more and better options for men with PE are anticipated as attention to ejaculatory disorders grows and, hopefully, the associated stigma decreases.
La politique de défense du Canada et ses prioritéés stratégiques

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Severe criticisms since 1945 have been directed against Canadian defense policies. These criticisms are addressed both to the choice of strategic priorities and allocation of resources. This article has two main objectives: to underline the dilemmas of policy-making in defense, and to demonstrate the necessity for developing a new procedure for defining priorities. The article proposes a model of theoretical analysis and applies it to the strategic variables which are most influential in determining contemporary Canadian defense policy. The analysis reveals the weaknesses and deficiences of the present decisional system. Procedures which would promote coherent policies, and the creation of a security council, are recommended as means to the development of a realistic defense policy.
Inheritance of some Qualitative Characters in Luffa Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on the inheritance of corolla colour, type of androecium, time of anthesis, and fruit taste have been conducted for the first time in interspecific crosses of Luffa and on the fruit surface in the intervarietal cross in L. acutangula; new gene symbols for the genes controlling corolla colour and type of androecium have been proposed.
Selective Ethylene Trimerization by Titanium Complexes Bearing Phenoxy-Imine Ligands: NMR and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of the Reaction Intermediates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The catalyst systems (FI)TiCl₃/MAO (FI = phenoxyimine ligand with an additional aryl–O–CH₃ donor) display exceptionally high activity in selective ethylene trimerization. By means of NMR and EPR spectroscopy, the nature of the Ti species formed in the catalyst systems (FI)TiCl₃/MAO, (FI)TiCl₃/MMAO, and (FI)TiCl₃/AlR₃/[Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻ (R = Me, Et, ⁱBu) has been studied. It was shown that outer-sphere ion pairs of the type [(FI)TiIVMe₂]⁺[A]⁻ ([A]− = [MeMAO]⁻, [MeMMAO]⁻, [B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻) are formed at the initial stage of the reaction of (FI)TiCl₃ with MAO, MMAO, and AlMe₃/[Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻. These ion pairs further partially convert into TiIII and TiII species. In the systems (FI)TiCl₃/MAO and (FI)TiCl₃/AlMe₃/[Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F5)₄]⁻, complexes with the proposed structures (FI)TiIIIMe₂, (FI)TiIICl, and [(FI)TiII(S)]⁺[A]⁻ ([A]− = [MeMAO]⁻, [B(C₆F₅)4)]⁻, S = solvent, vacancy) were observed (concentrations of TiIII species was lower than those of the TiII congeners). In contrast, in the system (FI)TiCl₃/MMAO, the concentrations of TiIII species (ion pairs of the type [(FI)TiIII(μ-H)(μ-Cl)AlⁱBu₂]⁺[MeMMAO]⁻) were higher than those of the TiII counterparts (ion pairs [(FI)TiII(S)]⁺[MeMMAO]⁻). The system (FI)TiCl₃/MMAO displays lower activity and selectivity in 1-hexene formation, in comparison to (FI)TiCl₃/MAO, due to undesirable PE generation. Probably, TiII and TiIV ion pairs are those participating in ethylene trimerization.
Freight Transportation Network Design Problem for Maximizing throughput under Uncertainty

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A mathematical programming formulation is developed to determine the throughput of a freight transportation network. The impact of demand and capacity uncertainty on the throughput is systematically studied. Mathematical proofs are provided to show that accounting for capacity uncertainty by using a single-point expected value can lead to systematic overestimation of network throughput. This result is also valid for other measures, such as system capacity. Two sampling-based methodologies–independent random number and common random number–are provided to determine network design decisions in the presence of demand uncertainty. The sampling-based solution methods provide an approximate estimate of optimal solution and provide probabilistic bounds on the optimality gap. The presented methodologies are generic and can be applied even if different functional forms (nonlinear, nonconvex) are used to model various aspects of the freight transportation network. The numerical tests demonstrate that not accounting for capacity uncertainty can result in overestimation of system throughput of up to 40%. A common random number-based sampling strategy was found to significantly outperform the independent random number strategy for all the scenarios tested.
Clincal evaluation of Deanixt on patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) and general anxiety disorder(GAD) in the community

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of Deanixt on patients with CHD and GAD,to evaluate the role of anxiolytics in intervention on patients with CHD and GAD in the community.Methods 180 patients with CHD and GAD were divided into 3 groups in random,60 cases in each group.Group A was given simple psychological intervention,group B was treated with Deanixt,group C was treated with Deanixt combinded with psychological intervention,for 8 weeks.HAMA scales were recorded in three groups before and after treatment.Results HAMA scores in three groups were lower after treatment than before treatment.The effects in group B and C were significantly better than that in group A(P0.05).There was no significant between group B and C.Conclusion Anxiolytics can more quickly and effectively improve patient anxieties,and relieve symptoms,improve the curative effect than purely mental support therapy and cognitive therapy.
CRB’s High Interest Rates: Triumph of Market Fundamentalism in Russia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Ongoing Ruble crisis reflects irrelevance of CRB’s policy measures. Tighter monetary policy and currency free float implemented by CRB to stabilize Ruble led to directly opposite result. Several months of “managed devaluation” changed into panic selloff in December 2014. The panic in the currency market took place despite massive FX reserves controlled by CRB and translated into serious economic distress. With key policy rate at 17% Russian economy is moving towards artificially depressed growth along with weak currency and high inflation. Stagflationary trap became a material risk for the economy. The main reason behind Bank of Russia’s policy choices is its commitment to market fundamentalism framework. CRB failed to recognize that its retracement from the currency market created far from equilibrium conditions and triggered irrational behavior of market participants along the board. Should external conditions remain hostile for Russian economy and oil prices keep moving lower CRB’s policy irrelevance will bring into question regulator’s credibility. That all might cause unnecessary damage to Russian economy.
Light scattering from random rough dielectric surfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical and numerical study is made of the scattering of light and other electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces separating vacuum from a dielectric. The extinction theorem, both above and below the surface, is used to obtain the boundary values of the field and its normal derivative. Then we calculate the angular distribution of the ensemble average of intensity of the reflected and transmitted fields. The scattering equations are solved numerically by generating one-dimensional surface profiles through a Monte Carlo method. The effect of roughness σ and correlation distance T on the aforementioned angular distribution, as well as on the reflectance, is analyzed. Enhanced backscattering and new transmission effects are observed, also depending on the permittivity. The ratio σ/T is large in all cases studied, and thus no analytical approximation, such as the Kirchhoff approximation (KA) and small perturbation methods, could a priori be expected to hold. We find, however, that the range of validity of the KA can be much broader than that previously found in perfect conductors.
Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Parts: A Report of an Equine and a Feline Case

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Masses removed from the superficial fascia of the jugular groove of a 12-year-old Arabian mare and from the femoral canal of a 7 1/2-year-old female cat appeared to be counterparts of the human malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts, even recapitulating the clinical behavior of the respective subgroups. Histologically, both neoplasms contained the characteristic features of the malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts: large multinucleate giant cells, pleomorphic mononuclear giant cells, histiocytes, fibroblasts and fibrocytes that were sometimes sarcomatous, and foci of hemorrhage and necrosis. Ultrastructural characteristics of the giant cells suggest mesenchymal origin with osteoblastic or chondroblastic differentiation.
Cognitive and Neural Aspects in Robotics with Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

1 Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A9 2Division of Automatic Control and Engineering Informatics, Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, Prague, 16607, Czech Republic 3Cyberscience Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan 4 Institute of Automation, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2728, Beijing 100190, China 5Maverick Technologies America Inc., Suite 808, 1220 North Market Street, Wilmington, DE 19801, USA