jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Historic Indoor Microclimate, the role of HVAC in heritage buildings’ restoration: the case of the Palace of Venaria Reale

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper is aimed to illustrate how the study of the indoor microclimate, supported by the virtual simulation and by the knowledge of the historical evolutions of the building (managerial, usage and architectonical changes over the years), represents a preventive practice which allows to evaluate and predict the interactions between the object and the environment. To do that the authors present a case-study: room 33 in the Palace of Venaria Reale, in Turin, Italy. We have reproduced a virtual building model which presents the same indoor and outdoor microclimatic conditions of the original building. Moreover, we evaluated an alternative scenario that simulates the indoor microclimate of room 33 considering the HVAC systems continuously off. The comparison between the two virtual buildings allowed to estimate the impact of the HVAC system on the preventive conservation of the historical building, of the artefacts and of the occupants’ thermal comfort. Those simulations clarified which indoor microclimatic conditions could be guaranteed by the building itself, after the restoration project of the whole Palace started in 2001.
RESPONSE CAPABILITY IN WATER CONTAMINATION EMERGENCIES1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Contamination of supplies by a wide variety of pollutants has long presented water managers with difficult problems. In the last fifteen years the issue of groundwater contamination has received a great deal of attention. Most work has focused on the source side of the problem. Questions have included: where do pollutants come from, how widespread is the problem, and what are the effects of the contaminants on human health and the environment? Very little work, however, has yet been done on the response side of this issue. Are water managers aware of water pollution problems (actual or potential) and their magnitude, and how well prepared are they to deal with contamination situations if they should develop? This paper reports results from a study of such questions for the southern New Jersey area. The study was intended to assess both the methodological and substantive issues involved in an empirical investigation of response capability. In addition to reporting methodological findings, the paper concludes that, while problem awareness is relatively high, actual preparedness and response capabilities are strikingly low.
“Fake it to make it”: exploring product counterfeiting in Türkiye

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to explore the issue of product counterfeiting in Türkiye and assess Türkiye’s role in the global supply chain of counterfeit goods. It sheds light on the supply-side dynamics of counterfeiting in the Turkish context. Design/methodology/approach Interviews were conducted with 46 key experts, including police officers, customs officers and trademark attorneys. The study also incorporated data from a documentary analysis of counterfeit products seized by the Bulgarian Customs. Findings The findings of this study highlight the significant role of Türkiye in international supply chains, serving as both a manufacturing hub for a wide array of counterfeit products and a crucial transit point for goods bound for European markets. This study suggests that counterfeiting serves as a source of livelihood for many individuals in Türkiye, with counterfeiters often justifying their activities by claiming they contribute to the country’s economy through job creation and the influx of foreign currency. Research limitations/implications While qualitative research is essential for exploring nuanced aspects and gaining in-depth insights, it may not provide the statistical robustness and generalizability associated with larger quantitative studies. Originality/value This paper is an original contribution to the understanding of product counterfeiting in Türkiye, a major counterfeit-producing country, with potential implications for the future of consumer protection and market integrity.
Il servizio ferroviario nell'esperienza britannica e internazionale

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The year 1994 saw the completion of one of the most controversial privatisation processes in Britain: the railways. This paper presents a description of the restructuring process implemented in Britain, and of its critical features which were at the core of a number of problems experienced after privatisation. Among other critical features, the paper then focuses the discussion on horizontal and vertical separation achieved by means of the allocation of twenty-five franchise contracts for passenger service operations. The second part of the analysis concentrates on the restructuring systems adopted in other countries and on the allocation systems of rail service operations adopted in those countries. The concluding section discusses how short term political agendas generally dictate ad-hoc interventions which are very unlikely to resolve the underlying problems of complex railways systems.
Transient Current Behaviour of Poly (p-hydroxybenzoic acid-co-ethylene terephthalate) Liquid Crystal Polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Transient current behaviour of pristine Poly (p‐hydroxybenzoic acid‐co‐ethylene terephthalate) Liquid crystal polymer which is a copolymer of poly ethylene terephthalate and poly p‐hydroxybenzoic acid referred as PET/x.PHB polymer liquid crystals have been studied at different biasing electric fields ranging from 13 kV/cm to 104.3 kV/cm and at temperatures 120° C and 250° C for molar ratio x =0.8.
A review of extracellular virulence product of Vibrio species important in diseases of cultivated shrimp

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Shrimp aquaculture is an important industry that experiences significant losses from Vibrio species, especially at the larval and juvenile stages. Proteinaceous virulence factors, including alkaline proteases, metalloproteases, cysteine proteases and alkaline serine proteases, have been identified as important elements in Vibrio pathogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the principal pathogenic Vibrio species in shrimp, with emphasis on relevant exotoxins and their modes of action, principal characteristics and molecular database. This pathogenic factors and their relation with other molecules produced by microorganisms may be help to understand the virulence mechanisms present in Vibrio strain.
Co-ownership

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the law of co-ownership in Scotland and South Africa. Both systems share common rules and approaches in relation to the rights and duties of the parties, the treatment of juristic acts relating both to the co-owned property and to individual shares, and division. Further, these similarities are attributable, not to mutual influence, of which there has been very little, but to the shared heritage of the civilian tradition. One principal difference is that South African law shows more flexibility in the granting of relief. A possible explanation is a greater volume of case law in South Africa, giving more opportunity to develop judicial flexibility.
Care of head and neck cancer patients with swallowing difficulties

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cancers of the head and neck include oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, nasal fossa, paranasal sinuses, thyroid, salivary glands and vermilion surfaces (Parker et al, 2004). Incidence of these cancers has risen in the past 30 years, particularly in people under the age of 65 years. Risk factors include cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol abuse. At time of diagnosis patients often present with swallowing difficulties due to tumour location and size. Further oncological treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy can exacerbate these difficulties and cause major nutritional problems. Dietary management in relation to texture modification and nutritional content of meals needs to be addressed as well as feeding strategies recommended by the speech and language therapist. Good communication between all members of the multidisciplinary team is paramount in ensuring that patients have the necessary support, education and quality of life they need.
Guts UK 50 years old: onwards and upwards

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Guts UK is 50 years old. Despite many advances since its foundation, there is plenty left to be done. Funding for research into gut, liver and pancreas diseases has always been modest compared with their clinical impact.1 The UK Medical Research Council was established in 19192 when gastroenterology barely existed as a specialty—the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) was not formed until 1937.3 Medical Research Council funding reflected priorities of the day such as infectious disease and neurological disorders.

In 1971, the Council of the BSG, noting the paucity of research funding, set up the Digestive Disorders Trust Fund with Dr Thomas Hunt, a founder member of the BSG, as its first President. Sir Francis Avery …
Research on the Impact of Equity Incentive to Executives and Types of Incentive on Firm Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper selects A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2016 as research samples. This study shows that: the equity incentive to executives and corporate performance present the relationship of inverted U-shaped; the salary incentive will positively affect the relationship of inverted U-shaped between equity incentives and corporate performance; the salary incentive will positively affect the relationship between incentive of restricted stock and corporate performance, and negatively affect the relationship between incentive of stock option and corporate performance.
Examining the Impact of a Prior Authorization Program on Rural Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patients and Families

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the prior authorization (PA) process from the perspective of rural child and adolescent psychiatry patients' families. Methods All patient families who visited an outpatient behavioral health clinic in rural Appalachia for psychiatry services between July and October 2018 were eligible for the study. Caregivers of children who were prescribed medications eligible for PA or who reported problems with PA were offered a paper survey to complete anonymously and return to a drop box after the visit. Results In total, 37 respondents reported 55 different psychiatric medications affected, primarily stimulants (n=22). Just over 75% (n=28) of respondents reported delays in receiving their medication. Delays ranged anywhere from less than a day to more than a month. During those delays, respondents reported their children experienced many different adverse events when they were not receiving their medication. Commonly reported consequences of the delays included behavioral and emotional issues at home and at school, physical side effects from drug withdrawal, and increased aggression. Respondents also reported an increase in financial burden. In some cases, the educational opportunities available to the children were also restricted. Conclusion Rural families face limited access to psychiatric care and significant unmet needs. The study documents additional burden for rural families related to the PA process, including financial, behavioral, emotional, and educational consequences. This preliminary data indicates a need for further study and highlights the necessity of considering potential burdens for families when creating PA policies.
Nonparametric Markov Random Field Models for Natural Texture Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The underlying aim of this research is to investigate the mathematical descriptions of homogeneous textures in digital images for the purpose of segmentation and recognition. The research covers the problem of testing these mathematical descriptions by using them to generate synthetic realisations of the homogeneous texture for subjective and analytical comparisons with the source texture from which they were derived. The application of this research is in analysing satellite or airborne images of the Earth's surface. In particular, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images often exhibit regions of homogeneous texture, which if segmented, could facilitate terrain classification. In this thesis we present noncausal, nonparametric, multiscale, Markov random field (MRF) models for recognising and synthesising texture. The models have the ability to capture the characteristics of, and to synthesise, a wide variety of textures, varying from the highly structured to the stochastic. For texture synthesis, we introduce our own novel multiscale approach incorporating a new concept of local annealing. This allows us to use large neighbourhood systems to model complex natural textures with high order statistical characteristics. The new multiscale texture synthesis algorithm also produces synthetic textures with few, if any, phase discontinuities. The power of our modelling technique is evident in that only a small source image is required to synthesise representative examples of the source texture, even when the texture contains long-range characteristics. We also show how the high-dimensional model of the texture may be modelled with lower dimensional statistics without compromising the integrity of the representation. We then show how these models -- which are able to capture most of the unique characteristics of a texture -- can be for the ``open-ended'' problem of recognising textures embedded in a scene containing previously unseen textures. Whilst this technique was developed for the practical application of recognising different terrain types from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, it has applications in other image processing tasks requiring texture recognition.
Blood Flow Simulations In Models Of The Pulmonary Bifurcation To Facilitate Treatment Of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, for which patients require surgical intervention at a very young age. Although these patients have long survival rates, they are at risk of chronic complications and frequently require re-operations with the most common being pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). However, the decision for surgical intervention is currently based on clinical indications and the right timing for PVR remains ambiguous [1,2]. The overall objective of this work is to identify a computational metric that will help assess the right timing for surgical intervention in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. This current study concerns a preliminary computational analysis of blood flow in simplified geometries of the pulmonary bifurcation. The focus lies on the effect of geometric and haemodynamic parameters on the wall shear stress patterns around the pulmonary bifurcation.
Immunolocalization of Drosophila eye‐specific diacylgylcerol kinase, rdgA , which is essential for the maintenance of the photoreceptor

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The Drosophila retinal degeneration A (rdgA) mutant has photoreceptor cells that degenerate within a week after eclosion. The degeneration starts with the disruption of the subrhabdomeric cisternae (SRC), which are the organelles essential for the transport of phospholipids to the photoreceptive membranes. Our previous biochemical and molecular studies suggested that the rdgA gene encodes an eye-specific diacylglycerol kinase (DGK). In this study, we show that retinal degeneration is prevented by the introduction of the eye-DGK gene in the rdgA mutant genome, suggesting that the DGK activity is crucial for the maintenance of the photoreceptor. Furthermore, by immunohistochemical analysis, we have demonstrated that the rdgA protein is predominantly associated with the SRC, suggesting that the conversion from diacylglycerol (DG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) most actively occurs in SRC. The analysis of the eyes of mutants homozygous for rdgA and eye-protein kinase C mutations indicates that retinal degeneration is caused by the deficiency of PA rather than excessive accumulation of DG. From these data, we conclude that the production of PA in the SRC membranes is essential for the maintenance of the photoreceptor.
Determination of the anti‐viral drug Ribavirin in dosage forms via micelle‐enhanced spectrofluorimetric method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of Ribavirin in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was based on the fluorescence spectral behaviour of Ribavirin in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar system. In an aqueous acetate buffer solution of pH 4.0, the fluorescence intensity of Ribavirin was significantly enhanced by about 217% in the presence of SDS. Fluorescence intensity was measured at 396 nm after excitation at 270 nm for Ribavirin. The fluorescence‐concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 0.01‐3.0 µg/mL for Ribavirin with a lower detection limit of 5.02 x 10 ‐3 µg/mL. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the drug in its commercial capsules. Results were in good agreement with those obtained with the official method. The application of the proposed method was extended to stability studies of Ribavirin after exposure to different forced degradation conditions such as acidic, alkaline, photo and oxidative conditions according to ICH guidelines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Implications Related to Eastward Enlargement.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : NATO enlargement is a key issue both within NATO and in the context of alternative future security alignments in Europe involving NATO, the European Union (EU), and the Western European Union (WEU). This paper examines the most crucial implications of the ongoing enlargement process and what has to be done prior to the very important summer summit in Madrid this year, 50 years after President Truman's Marshall Plan. The study concludes that the main issue as far as Western security is concerned is not a hasty enlargement of NATO but rather how to guarantee peaceful relations between Russia and NATO. The West must understand that the costs of Russia's being forced to move away from the West could far exceed any advantages gained through NATO enlargement. And finally, US leadership as a super-power within NATO, has never been more important than it is today to avoid polarization of European Security policy. Without broad-based, active US involvement the European security architecture will be less effective and will lose credibility. The US has the unique role as the leading security partner of the world's principal democracies and with unparalleled military assets to display influence as an international leader.
Origins: Yorkshire and Cheltenham 1850–1874

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The main part of the book opens with a description of the first Jane Harrison Memorial Lecture, given after her death by Gilbert Murray at Newnham College in October 1928. Drawing on anecdotal evidence preserved in the archives at Newnham College, this chapter draws a picture of Harrison's childhood and adolescence. Formative events in Harrison's early life include the death of her mother shortly after her birth, her father's remarriage, the paltry education she received from governesses, and her education at Cheltenham Ladies' College under Dorothea Beale. Her religious upbringing and early proficiency in modern languages are considered for their influence on her later life. After a period of travel in Europe and private study she won a scholarship to Newnham College.
Bridging the gap: reflections on theorizing with managers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on Nenonen et al. ’s paper on theorizing with managers. This paper discusses differences between marketing science and marketing practice and gives suggestions to reduce the theory–praxis gap. It gives examples of quantitative studies that have been performed with practioners and use the choices proposed by Nenonen et al. to draw conclusions. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on personal experience of the author, which is supported by a substantial number of empirical studies. Findings Cooperation with marketing managers/decision-makers is most successful when the initiator is the practitioner. Public policy and litigation are the most promising areas for cooperation. It is difficult to publish the outcomes of these “joint” studies in top journals. Originality/value This study extends and continues the results of the study by Nenonen et al.
VANTON PUMP & EQUIPMENT CORP.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVANTON PUMP & EQUIPMENT CORP.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 12, 83APublication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online18 May 2012Published inissue 1 December 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/i650600a760Copyright © 1959 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Dueling Facts in Political Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The polarization of fact perceptions has become a manifest feature of American politics. Many prominent scholars have addressed the role of facts in politics, and the pace has accelerated. However, just as fact perceptions are disputed in American politics, the study of factual disputes is characterized by core disagreements yet to be resolved. Chapter 3 discusses some of the dominant perspectives and highlights the ways in which the authors’ approach is different and more comprehensive. It moves from classical philosophy to a review of contemporary political science and communication scholarship. It offers a broad treatment of what others have learned about the nature and origins of dueling fact perceptions, misinformation/misperceptions, rumors, conspiracy theories, and related concepts. It argues that the dynamics of dueling political fact perceptions are much broader and consequential than the current literature reveals.