jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cap Rock Geology of the Hazlehurst Salt Dome, Copiah County, Mississippi

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hazlehurst Dome is a shallow, sparsely explored, salt dome near the center of the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin. Two recent sulfur exploration wells cored marine false carbonate cap rock, true calcite cap rock, and anhydrite cap rock. The marine false carbonate cap rock contains calcite, dolomite, glauconite, and marine microfossils. This unusual dolomite-enriched unit has a 13C value of -8.2(PDB), suggesting a predominantly marine source for the carbon. The true calcite cap rock contains alternating light and dark bands of calcite, the darker bands containing locally abundant sulfide minerals. The range of carbon isotope values for the banded true calcite cap rock, from -45.1 to -50.20(PDB), indicates that methane was the principal source of carbon. This cap rock is locally crosscut by steeply dipping calcite veins, which are symmetrically banded, with alternating bands of dark-brown calcite (containing fluid inclusions of liquid hydrocarbons), white calcite, and sulfide minerals. Carbon isotope values for the veins are similar to the true calcite cap rock itself. An exotic suite of cap rock minerals, consisting of sphalerite, galena, strontianite, celestite, and barite, is locally present in both the horizontally banded cap rock and its veins. The proximity of Hazlehurst Dome to present-day oil field brines enriched in Sr-Ba-Zn-Pb suggests a genetic link between the brines and cap rock minerals containing the same elemental suite. Carbon isotope data from calcite in both true calcite cap rock and veins indicate that sulfate-reducing bacteria played a major role in the precipitation of the calcite and sulfide minerals. The presence of liquid hydrocarbons in the late-stage calcite veins implies that liquid hydrocarbons moved into the cap rock late in its developmental history, and sulfate-reducing bacteria preferentially utilized methane, thus preserving the liquid hydrocarbons. This initial study of the Hazlehurst calcite cap rock suggests that the dome warrants further evaluation for hydrocarbon potential. The anhydrite cap rock has yet to be completely penetrated and only the upper section was sampled by the sulfur exploration wells. The anhydrite cap rock contains as much as 3% sulfide minerals crudely layered in the interlocking anhydrite matrix.
Enhancement of Spin Pumping from CoFeB to Sb2Te3 Layers by Crystal Orientation Control

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sb 2 Te 3 is well known as a phase‐change material, and is expected to exhibit high spin–charge current conversion because of its strong spin–orbit interactions. Reversible phase‐change characteristics enable manipulation of physical properties depending on phase. Therefore, it is anticipated that its spin properties can also be tuned by controlling the phases of Sb 2 Te 3 , promising great potential for novel spintronic devices. However, the effects of crystallinity on the spin properties of Sb 2 Te 3 have not yet been investigated. Herein, the spin relaxation induced by the spin‐pumping effect in CoFeB/Sb 2 Te 3 bilayers is examined using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 300 K for crystalline and amorphous Sb 2 Te 3 . FMR signal width enhancement is observed for the highly oriented crystalline Sb 2 Te 3 film at thickness less than 7 nm. In contrast, the FMR signal widths of the amorphous sample are independent of the layer thickness. The significant increase in linewidth suggests more efficient spin injection from the ferromagnetic CoFeB layer into crystalline Sb 2 Te 3 than into amorphous Sb 2 Te 3 . This stark contrast between the spin dynamics of the amorphous and crystalline Sb 2 Te 3 films supports the idea that spin conduction can be tuned by controlling the crystal orientation of Sb 2 Te 3 films.
The âmutual ignoringâ mechanism of cyberbalkanization: triangulating observational data analysis and agent-based modelling

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cyberbalkanization has been observed in some online activities, but its mechanism remains uncertain. Drawing on the Social Balance Theory, we theorized that the formation of âmutual ignoringâ triads (three actors in a group with only a pair of interacts) in a network is a key procedure for cyberbalkanization. A cyberbalkanized network was constructed using data shared on Facebook Pages during the 2014 Hong Kong protests. Our findings indicate âmutual ignoringâ was a prominent triad network configuration, whereas no such configuration was found in randomly generated networks. Our empirical-based observation was retested with simulation by agent-based model, confirming that âmutual ignoringâ is essential for the emergence of cyberbalkanization. A strategy is then suggested to minimize cyberbalkanization.
Identification and analysis of serum samples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with characteristic ratio method and PCA for gastric cancer detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to explore the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the rapid diagnosis of gastric cancer. The SERS spectra of 68 serum samples from gastric cancer patients and healthy volunteers were acquired. The characteristic ratio method (CRM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to differentiate gastric cancer serum from normal serum. Compared with healthy volunteers, the serum SERS intensity of gastric cancer patients was relatively high at 722[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], while it was relatively low at 588, 644, 861, 1008, 1235, 1397, 1445 and 1586[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. These results indicated that the relative content of nucleic acids in the serum of gastric cancer patients rises while the relative content of amino acids and carbohydrates decreases. In PCA, the sensitivity and specificity of discriminating gastric cancer were 94.1% and 94.1%, respectively, with the accuracy of 94.1%. Based on the intensity ratios of four characteristic peaks at 722, 861, 1008 and 1397[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], CRM presented the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 97.4%, respectively, and the accuracy of 98.5%. Therefore, the three peak intensity ratios of I[Formula: see text]/I[Formula: see text], I[Formula: see text]/I[Formula: see text] and I[Formula: see text]/I[Formula: see text] can be considered as biological fingerprint information for gastric cancer diagnosis and can rapidly and directly reflect the physiological and pathological changes associated with gastric cancer development. This study provides an important basis and standards for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
A Technique For Perceiving Abusive Bangla Comments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of the research on abusive comments or text detection is conducted in English, some of which are intended to detect humiliating or insulting text. But a few works are found in the Bangla language. Detecting abusive text for Bangla language will be helpful to prevent cyber crimes such as online blackmailing, harassment and cyber bullying which are nowadays becoming the main concern in Bangladesh. Our goal is to detect abusive Bangla comments that are gathered from different social sites where people share their views, feelings, opinions, etc. in this paper. In order to classify a bangla comments is abusive or not, we proposed a root level algorithm and also proposed uni-gram string features to achieve a better result. We have collected several comments from renowned social media Facebook for our work.
Patient's Body Size Influences Dental Hygienist Shoulder Kinematics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This study found that dental hygienists are exposed to higher shoulder elevation angles when treating a simulated big-girth patient versus a simulated average-girth patient. These differences in motion patterns may increase dental hygienists’ susceptibility to shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic interventions may be needed to facilitate solutions to problems associated with treating patients who are overweight or obese. Ergonomics and human factors practitioners should educate dental hygienists to be more aware of their body posture, specifically shoulder position, while working on patients with big chest girth. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Dental hygienists suffer from musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities, and the prevalence of these disorders increases with years of occupation. Furthermore, the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals in the United States has been rapidly increasing for both adults and children in recent years. This may increase the involvement of dental hygienists with obese patients, which may result in an increased prevalence of shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The effect of patient's body size on the three-dimensional humeral and scapular kinematics of dental hygienists, however, is currently unknown. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to measure the influence of patient girth on the shoulder kinematics of dental hygienists during teeth instrumentation in a simulated work environment. Method: Sixteen female dental hygienists participated in a lab-based study that simulated a dental hygienist workplace. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected for the right and left scapula and humerus using the Polhemus Liberty magnetic tracking system (Colchester, VT, USA). To quantify differences in humeral and scapular kinematics and exposure variables, two independent variables with two levels were chosen: handedness and body type size. Separate two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were conducted. Results: Dental hygienists sustained significant higher mean humeral elevation angles and higher mean scapular upward rotation angles for the dominant and non-dominant hands while instrumenting a simulated patient with big girth chest. Furthermore, dental hygienists spent significantly more time above 30° and 60° of humeral elevation for the dominant and non-dominant hands while instrumenting this simulated patient. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that dental hygienists alter their shoulder kinematics while instrumenting patients having a larger girth. Consequently, working with patients who are obese, or with a larger body size, may increase dental hygienist susceptibility to shoulder musculoskeletal disorders.
Pharmacological Characterization of Synthetic Kratom Alkaloids for Improved Alcohol Use Disorder Therapeutics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Kratom is an opioid‐containing plant and currently a federally unscheduled substance within the U.S. that is used to self‐medicate chronic pain and opioid dependence, serving as a substitute for illicit and prescription opioids. Similarly, some individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) find kratom helpful in reducing AUD dependence and withdrawal symptoms. We have previously shown that the kratom alkaloids can dose‐dependently decrease alcohol consumption in mice, and that this activity is dependent on delta opioid receptor (DOR) expression. However, the most potent of the alkaloids 7‐OH mitragynine, exhibited rewarding properties, presumably due to its mu opioid receptor (MOR) pharmacology. We hypothesized that reduction of MOR potency relative to potency at DOR would lead to an improved therapeutic window with respect to reward liability and alcohol consumption. Methods A series of kratom analogs were pharmacologically characterized for their ability to bind to opioid receptors and elicit G‐protein and beta‐arrestin signaling using radioligand binding and cellular signaling assays. Using the 2‐bottle choice assay of 10% alcohol consumption, wildtype and DOR knockout (DOR KO) mice were used to assess to what degree the kratom alkaloids could reduce alcohol use, and whether any effects were DOR‐mediated. Drug reward was also assessed through conditioned place preference experiments. Results Kratom analogs are G‐protein‐biased at the opioid receptors, similar to their parent compounds. Kratom analog #2 showed the most favorable pharmacology with similar DOR potency but greatly reduced MOR potency compared to 7‐OH mitragynine, and was capable of significantly decreasing ethanol consumption in wildtype mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg. CPP experiments and experiments with DOR KO mice are currently being completed for kratom analog #2 and will be useful in confirming DOR‐mediated effects and whether the improved pharmacological profile of the analogs confers therapeutic benefits. Discussion Our results indicate that the development of potent, DOR‐selective opioids could provide a pathway to treat alcohol use without being significantly rewarding, and that the kratom alkaloids provide useful scaffolds to jumpstart these efforts.
Food Prices Spikes and Poor, Small Economies: What Role for Trade Policies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Upward spikes in international food prices lead some food-surplus countries to raise export barriers and some food-deficit countries to lower their import restrictions on staple foods – and conversely when prices slump. When many countries so respond, their actions in aggregate exacerbate the international price spike, making adjustment even more difficult for other countries. This paper reviews conceptually, and then empirically for a sample of small and poor economies, the role of trade measures for achieving the social objective of assisting those hurt by sharp changes in food prices. The data are monthly for the period of 2006 to 2012, and annually since 1990. The paper concludes by exploring the efficacy of using trade policy instruments versus domestic measures to reduce the risk of welfare losses for vulnerable households, and stresses the importance for small and poor economies of supporting multilateral efforts to outlaw beggar-thy-neighbour policy responses to food price spikes.
Teaching management based on student outcomes for continuous improvement in an engineering program, “ICACIT”

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Teaching management, an indirect cause of the national public problems of the Peruvian University System, was investigated in 3 phases, at the level of design and formulation, concerning the academic-pedagogical management processes in teaching, how this involves the quality of the educational service provided to students and the continuous improvement of teaching management (TM), based on the measurement and evaluation of the Student Outcomes (SOs) of the accreditation model "ICACIT 2021". For this purpose, key diagnostic indicators and associated key performance indicators (KPIs) were linked, with the case study showing an average level of compliance of 23.04% in the integral student training and 41.46% and 16.9% in level 2 processes, respectively. Likewise, the process of assessment and evaluation of the SOs set a target of 70%, showing that the measurement in the pilot of the performance achieved in most of the SOs does not reach the established target and this is associated with the processes of teaching management at levels 0, 1, 2 and 3, with an average of 55.6% of high risk of non-compliance. Finally, the improvement of teaching performance and development that make up teaching management contribute to the improvement of comprehensive undergraduate education through the monitoring of KPIs and SOs.
Optimisation of external cavity parameters of a weak absorption laser spectrometer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider some peculiar features of the optimisation procedure of external optical cavity parameters of a laser spectrometer, caused by the use of a three-beam measurement scheme and the presence of losses in the mirrors. It is found that the maximum sensitivity to the absorption of an intracavity medium can be achieved only at a certain choice of the value and the ratio of the reflection coefficients of the mirrors. For example, registration of the spectra of the methane impurity in the atmosphere shows that in accordance with the calculation model, for the same resonator Q-factor the use of an input mirror with a smaller reflection coefficient allows the measurement sensitivity to be increased by approximately two times.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Inhibitors of TPA‐Induced Mouse Ear Edema from Hoelen, Poria cocos.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Older adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the United States: From the lowest to highest death rate and number of deaths—More rationale for the CALBG-SWOG-ECOG C10403 trial based on COG AALL0232

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

18034 Background: In the U.S., children with ALL have had a dramatic mortality rate reduction whereas older patients have not (Proc. ASCO 21: 389a, 2002), a difference that has been known since 2000 to be largely attributable to differences in pediatric versus adult treatment regimens (Blood 2000;96:467a,abstr; J Clin Oncol 2003;21:774–80; Leukemia 2004;18:2032–5; Pediat Blood Cancer 2005;45:578,Abstr; J Clin Oncol 2006;24(18S):#9024,abstr; Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006,43:748–56). To ascertain whether there has been any improvement in the U.S. since these reports, national mortality rates were assessed as a function of year of age and year of diagnosis. Methods: National ALL deaths and death rates during 1969–2004 were obtained from the U.S. SEER program (SEERStat, www.seer.cancer.gov accessed 1/8/08). Best fit regressions (linear, polynomial or exponential) were used to determine trends and estimate rates for specific calendar years. Results: Below age 15 the national ALL mortality rate has declined dramatically, from 14.6 to 3.7 deaths per year per million from 1970 to 2004 and from 800+ deaths in 1970 to an average of 220 deaths per year during 2000–2004. In 1970, 15–24 year-olds had one-third the ALL death rate and one-third the number of deaths that occurred in younger patients. Since 1995, 15–19 and 20–24 year-olds have had a greater death rate than younger patients and the highest of all 5-year age groups younger than 55 years. The number of deaths from ALL has become higher in 15–24 year-olds than in any other 10-year age group (Table). Conclusions: The age dependent trend in death rates and number of deaths from ALL is more rationale for the CALBG-SWOG-ECOG C10403 trial, which opens this year in all three cooperative groups and will be preformed in conjunction with COG AALL0232. The upper age limit of this phase II trial is 30 years and should be accessible via the Cancer Trials Support Unit (CTSU). Age (Years) at [upper row] and Number of Deaths from ALL [lower row], U.S. 2000–2004 0–9 5–14 15–24 25- 34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85+ 687 834 959 615 677 781 818 885 818 773 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Embodiment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In our project, ethnographic methods of participant observation and interviews were infused with arts-based methods of creating artefacts – collaging, impromptu video making, shared text-making, photography; these practices, as they become normalized within our research ethos, served as ‘weirs’ and interrupted the flow of received meanings that are embedded often in the labels ascribed to young people by the systems of schooling and justice. Embodiment is a word that tries to capture what is left of a project. This chapter, even with the inclusion of words, images and a cacophony of form, still offers only a partial glimpse of the affective traces that took root in the circle within us and the one that we draw around us, together.
Nambu variant of Local Resolution of Problem of Time and Background Independence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Local Resolution of the Problem of Time has recently been given, alongside reformulation as A Local Theory of Background Independence. The classical part of this can be viewed as requiring just Lie's Mathematics, albeit entrenched in subsequent topological and differential-geometric developments and extended to contemporary Physics' state spaces. We now widen this approach by mild recategorization to one based on Nambu's generalization of Lie's Mathematics, as follows. i) In this approach, the Lie derivative still suffices to encode Relationalism. ii) Closure is now assessed using the Nambu bracket - with $n$ slots rather than 2, so the first nontrivially Lie case has 3 slots - and a `Nambu Algorithm' analogue of the Dirac and Lie Algorithms. This produces a class of Nambu algebraic structures of generators or of first-class constraints. iii) Nambu observables are defined by Nambu brackets zero-commutation with generators or with first-class constraints; we use the Nambu analogue of the Jacobi identity to simplify this discussion relative to a previous treatment. These Nambu brackets relations can moreover be recast as explicit PDEs to be solved using the Flow Method. Nambu observables themselves form Nambu algebras. Lattices of Nambu constraint or generator algebraic substructures furthermore induce dual lattices of Nambu observables subalgebras. iv) Deformation of Nambu algebraic structures encountering Rigidity gives a means of Constructing more structure from less. v) Reallocation of Intermediary-Object Invariance gives the general Nambu algebraic structure's analogue of posing Refoliation Invariance for GR. We also draw some motivation from M-Theory's use of Nambu Mathematics along the lines of Bagger, Lambert and Gustavsson, finding some qualitative distinctions between this, GR and Supergravity as regards how Background Independence is realized.
STRATEGY OF ACHIEVEMENT OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCERS IN THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES MARKET

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

У роботі встановлено, що виробники овочів та фруктів пропонують свої товари споживачам різних сегментів ринку, і обгрунтування стратегій досягнення їх конкурентних переваг повинно передбачати передусім дослідження споживчих уподобань. Якщо такі виробники зорієнтовані на масовий ринок, то для нього важливу роль буде відігравати ціна товару та використання стратегії лідерства за витратами. Визначено, що її успішна реалізація можлива насамперед за рахунок виробничих та інформаційних конкурентних переваг, формування партнерських відносин виробника з посередниками. Проведене дослідження свідчить також, що підприємствам необхідно врахувати і світові споживчі мегатренди. Це призводить до того, що деякі українські виробники овочів та фруктів сьогодні уже використовують стратегію диференціації. Її досягнення можливе за рахунок пропозицій на ринку органічної продукції, високого іміджу товарної марки чи вирощування екзотичних овочів та фруктів, поставки на ринок товарів високої якості.