jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
From Patient Perspective: Violence Against Physician

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Violence has recently increased in almost every facet of life, but more noticeable in workplaces. Doctors and other healthcare professionals are among the most frequently targeted and victimized professionals. Healthcare professionals are in danger due to multiple types of violence that can occur in healthcare institutions, resulting from patients, patients' family, or anyone else; threatening conduct, verbal threats, financial abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault. The current study aims to understand how patients perceive the violence encountered by healthcare workers and to clarify whether there was or wasn't a connection between the participants' ideas and their levels of aggression. Finding out what the patients believe about violence against doctors is important to create action plans to implement these attitudes in a non-violent way. Method: The volunteers who applied to Family Health Centers by any reason were required to complete a survey that asked them questions about their demographics, the subject, and the State Trait Anger Scale (STAS). According to the research hypothesis and analysis method, the sample size analysis in the G*Power program determined that a total of 305 participants were the target population for the study. Results: This study was conducted with 351 women, 456 participants in total. To “approve of violence” men were 1.41 times more likely than women , aged “≤31.5 years” were 2.227 times more likely than those aged “>31.5 years.” and the unemployed were 2.74 times more likely than the employed. The results of the “Phi and Cramer’s V” Test, which indicate the level of correlation between two variables, revealed a significant correlation between “Attributing Violence to Illness” and “Recourse to Violence in Healthcare” (Phi = 0.163, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study extensively reveal groups with potential risks and associated parameters, and thus can shed light on measures and counselling services to be taken to address the issue.
The Changing Dynamics of Community Opposition to Human Service Facilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Community opposition is an increasingly common response to the siting of controversial human service facilities. This paper explores the NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) syndrome by presenting an analysis of the first national survey of attitudes toward controversial human services conducted in the United States. The analysis focuses on the volatility and synergy of attitude change, the degree of regionalization of rejecting and accepting attitudes, the differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan responses, and the perceived exclusionary nature of suburban respondents. The results indicate that the dynamics of community opposition consist of client, community, and facility variations significantly influenced by regional context and the spatial location of respondents.
7053 Sex Differences in Endocrine-Related Pre-existing, COVID-19- and COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Health Conditions and Adverse Events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Disclosure: J. Knapp: Other; Self; Co-founder, Aseesa Inc. R. Karumanchi: None. C. Fee: None. S. Inslicht: None. A. Bhargava: Other; Self; Co-Founder, Aseesa Inc. COVID-19 illness-related symptoms and outcomes are highly variable, with reported sex differences. mRNA vaccines were deployed for the first-time on a large scale for COVID-19, and the endocrine effects of Pfizer’s and Moderna’s mRNA vaccines, remain to be elucidated. Associations between COVID-19 illness and/or COVID-19 vaccines and reproductive disturbances have been reported based on large nation-wide surveys and targeted studies. Yet, none of the studies have directly ascertained similarities and differences between reproductive adverse outcomes from COVID-19 illness in unvaccinated individuals versus COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in individuals without COVID-19 illness. Here, we report preliminary findings on endocrine systems from a global survey of ∼8,000-10,000 participants collected between February 2022 and October 2023. Approximately 62.5% of the participants were from the United States, and the remaining were international. Nearly 1.49% of respondents reported hospitalization after COVID-19, whereas 5.69% of the respondents reported hospitalization after vaccination in our cohort. SARS-CoV-2-related severe symptoms were reported by ∼9.3% of COVID-19 vaccinated versus 6.7% of unvaccinated individuals (p&lt;0.001). Women reported more vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) than men; 30% of men and 19% of women reported no AEs after any vaccination dose. After the first dose, 60% women and 48% of men reported some AEs, whereas after the second dose, 46% of women and 40% of men reported experiencing several AEs. Sex differences were present in endocrine and autoimmune pre-existing health conditions, including thyroid disease (13%F vs 3%M), osteoporosis (6%F vs 1%M), elevated cholesterol (M&gt;F), and hypertension (M&gt;F). Nearly 5% of women reported pre-existing irregular menstrual cycle irregularities and hormonal changes, whereas only 2% of men reported hormonal irregularities. In unvaccinated individuals, after COVID-19 illness, nearly 6% of women reported experiencing hot flashes, whereas 7.5% reported irregular menstrual cycles. In COVID-19 vaccinated individuals without SARS-CoV-2 infection, 94.6% of men and 62.5% of women respondents reported no reproductive changes. Of those reporting reproductive AEs included hormonal changes in 5% of women and 3.5% men, hot flashes in 8.5% women and 1.9% men, heavy periods and/or dysmenorrhea in 16.7% of women, and irregular periods in17.1% of women. In summary, reproductive AEs in vaccinated individuals without COVID-19 illness were more frequent than in unvaccinated individuals with COVID-19 illness. A detailed and thorough follow-up is needed to better understand if pre-existing health conditions exacerbated vaccine-associated AEs. Presentation: 6/3/2024
Representation and approximation by series of continuous functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let X be a topological space and let C (X) be the ring of all real-valued continuous functions defined on X. In this paper, we study the representation and approximation of continuous functions by sums of infinite series. Among other results, we give sufficient conditions in order to represent or approximate every continuous function by infinite series of functions, belonging to a previously fixed subfamily of C (X), when X is either a locally compact paracompact space or a Lindlöf space
Erysipelas in a free-range layer flock with conjunctival oedema as an unusual clinical sign.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Erysipelas was diagnosed in a free-range laying flock with a high mortality of up to 7% per day and a severe decrease in egg production to 45%. The disease had a short course and unusual clinical features for erysipelas, including swollen, lacrimating and encrusted eyes. Bacteriologically, trapped poultry red mites and affected animals were culture-positive for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Isolates from layers and mites were both serotype 1b. Histopathology revealed disseminated intravasal coagulopathy in conjunctival small vessels as the cause of the oedema of the eye adnexes. After treatment with penicillin, mortality and egg production returned to normal levels. Although erysipelas in laying hens is rarely reported, it can develop as an emerging disease in alternative rearing systems and should always be considered if mortality increases in an older flock, especially with a high infestation of poultry red mites.
BiCl3-Catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with C-, O-, S- and N-centered nucleophiles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A general and efficient BiCl3-catalyzed substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with carbon and heteroatom-centered nucleophiles such as allyl trimethylsilane, alcohols, aromatic compounds, thiols and amides, leading to the construction of C-C, C-O, C-S and C-N bonds, has been developed.
IOS Press On the Expressiveness of Affine Programs with Non-local Control: The Elimination of Nesting in SPCF

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We use a denotational semantics to show that every term in SPCF (a typed functional language with simple non-local control operators) is contextually equivalent to one which is typable in an affine typing system. Nested function calls and recursive definitions are not affinely typable, and so our result entails that they can be eliminated from SPCF without losing expressiveness. Our proof is based on the observation of Longley that every type of SPCF is a retract of a first-order type. We describe retractions of this kind in bistable biorder models of SPCF which are definable in the affine fragment. This allows us to transform an arbitrary SPCF term into an affine one by mapping it to a first-order term, obtaining an (affine) “normal form”, and then projecting back to the original type. We show the flexibility of our approach by considering two variants of SPCF, a finitary, call-by-name version and a call-by-value version over the natural numbers. In the infinitary case, (in which we establish in addition that all instances of recursive definition may be replaced with iteration) our proof is based on an analysis of the relationship between SPCF definable functions and strategies for computing them sequentially. 1.
Invasive breast carcinoma: Correlation with the molecular subtypes and pathological response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in females and leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. The analysis of gene expression data have suggested that breast carcinoma can be divided into molecular subtypes which have distinct clinical features, different prognosis and clinical outcome. Claudins are members of a large family of tight junction proteins that regulate cell adhesion. Currently there are 40 claudins that are variably expressed in several cancers. Only few studies have examined their expression in breast carcinomas. Recently subtype of claudin with low expression has been described that has a prognostic and predictive indication in relation to response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Aim: The aim of this study was to classify breast tumors into the molecular patterns based on the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and her-2 neu and to evaluate the expression of claudin, ki-67 and p-53 in invasive breast carcinoma. Pathological response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed in different molecular patterns of invasive breast carcinomas correlating with expression of claudins.
Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of 100 breast carcinomas immunostained with ER, PR and her-2-neu were performed and tumors were subtyped into molecular patterns. Immunostaining with ki-67 and p-53 was done in 43 cases to assess the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Claudin 1, 3, 4, and 7 was tested in 43 cases by RT-PCR method.
Results: Of 100 cases of invasive breast carcinomas diagnosed and immunostained during the 5-year period from 2012-2016, basal-cell type accounts to 20 cases, followed by her-2 enriched type (17 cases), luminal -A (47 cases) and luminal-B (16 cases). Claudin was expressed in luminal A (44.2%), luminal B (26%), basal (16.3%) and her-2 enriched (14%) subtype. Incidence of claudin low was seen in 14% of T2-4 lesions, 7% nodal metastasis and 9.3% of high grade tumo
What is the Effect of Product Market Competition on Chief Executive Officer Compensation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the relationship between the degree of product market competition and the level of executive compensation for the largest 216 publically traded companies in U.S. manufacturing. Using 2005 CapitalIQ and Census data this paper finds that firm size has a substantial positive effect on the CEO’s total and annual cash compensation. These results also indicate that holding firm size as well as other measures constant, the degree of industry competition these firms face plays a small, but interesting role. Consistent with the hypothesis based on the literature, industry concentration has a parabolic relationship with compensation such that boards offer the lowest compensation in oligopolistic markets. This result may be due to an increased ability of boards and shareholders to monitor CEOs at intermediate levels of competition.
Is Knipowitschia caucasica-like form from the Adriatic Sea a new goby species? Evidence from a morphological approach in the eastern Adriatic Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Specimens of the gobiid Knipowitschia caucasica (Kawrajski in Berg, 1916) were collected since 1999 along the eastern Adriatic coast. Specimens were found in waters of different salinity, from fresh to almost sea water conditions, in springs near the sea, in small lagoons at river mouths, and in the sea-influenced parts of rivers. Standard lengths of the 87 examined specimens varied from 18.5 - 35.7 mm. The present findings confirmed previously questioned presence of this species in the Adriatic Sea and provides data on morphology and ecology of the Adriatic specimens.
Evolution of Microscopic Surface Topography during Passivation of Aluminum

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The time evolution of microscopic topography on corroding aluminum surfaces during oxide film passivation was characterized. Passivation was studied after galvanostatic etching in 1N at 65°C, in both aluminum etch tunnels (by scanning electron microscopy) and micron‐size cubic etch pits (by atomic force microscopy). Step reductions of applied current initiated passivation. At times of 1 to 300 ms after current steps, the corroding surface was microscopically heterogeneous, consisting of a number of small corroding patches 0.1 to 1 μm in width, which were surrounded by passive surface. As some patches grew by dissolution, others were passivated, until eventually only one patch remained on the pit or tunnel surface. The topography of the corroding surface was controlled by the potential: the surface dissolved uniformly at the repassivation potential , while partial passivation to produce patches occurred at potentials more cathodic than. Patches were unstable at potentials below and would ultimately passivate. Topographic evolution during passivation was very similar for pits as for tunnels, except that the time scale of the process is much longer for tunnels than for pits (200–300 ms vs. 11–20 ms). The difference of time scales was due to the different corroding surface areas of pits and tunnels. Patches are probably defined by a surface layer which inhibits passivation.
Structural Characters of Leaf Epidermis in Cyrtomium(Fern)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The leaf epidermis of 19 species representing all four subseries of Cyrtomium,and 15 allied groups was investigated under light microscopy,of which twelve species including types of three subseries of Cyrtomium were observed under scanning electron microscopy.The form of epidermal cells of the Cyrtomium was usually polygonal or irregular,with the anticlinal walls nearly straight,arched,sinuolate,sinuous to sinuate.The stomatal apparatus in all species only existed on the abaxial epidermis.The major stomatal apparatus was anomocytic,while diacytic and polocytic types also occurred in Cyrtomium.The stomata on a single leaf belonged to two or more types in most species.Under SEM,the inner margin of the outer stomatal rim ranged from nearly-smooth to sinuolate or erose,and the cuticular membrane of the leaf epidermis was striated,but sometimes with granula.The present study implied that there are no distinct characters of the leaf epidermis to distinguish and diagnose two series and four subseries of Cyrtomium in Shing's classification.
Copernicus SENTINEL-2 Geometric Calibration Status

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Sentinel-2 mission is a key element of the Copernicus Earth monitoring program of the European Union. The mission is currently composed of two satellites and provides a continuous observation of land and coastal areas at high spatial resolution and with a revisit time of 5 days at the equator. The geometric uncertainty of the Sentinel-2 product is a critical contributor to the performance of the mission. We present the approach used to calibrate the geometric performance of Sentinel-2 data and latest activities, especially related to the co-registration with the Global Reference Image (GRI). Generation of the GRI, coregistration algorithm, called geometric refinement, and preliminary results are presented.
Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for Wireless Networks: Deployment Architectures, Key Solutions, and Field Trials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have emerged as a transformative technology for wireless networks by improving coverage, capacity, and energy efficiency through intelligent manipulation of wireless propagation environments. This paper provides a comprehensive study on the deployment and coordination of IRSs for wireless networks. By addressing both single- and multi-reflection IRS architectures, we examine their deployment strategies across diverse scenarios, including point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and point-to-area setups. For the single-reflection case, we highlight the trade-offs between passive and active IRS architectures in terms of beamforming gain, coverage extension, and spatial multiplexing. For the multi-reflection case, we discuss practical strategies to optimize IRS deployment and element allocation, balancing cooperative beamforming gains and path loss. The paper further discusses practical challenges in IRS implementation, including environmental conditions, system compatibility, and hardware limitations. Numerical results and field tests validate the effectiveness of IRS-aided wireless networks and demonstrate their capacity and coverage improvements. Lastly, promising research directions, including movable IRSs, near-field deployments, and network-level optimization, are outlined to guide future investigations.
The Intrinsic Electron with Its Properties Such as Inner Structure and Self-Mass Is in Conflict with Quantum Field Theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no inner structures and with properties assigned by declaration. Such view is in conflict with the observed vacuum energy density, 140 orders of magnitudes less than required by the QFT. In addition, such view is challenged by Aphysical Quantum Mechanics (AQM), a deeper quantum theory. According to AQM, the fundamental understanding of quantum reality is expanded by the addition of two fundamental categories, aphysical and elementary consciousness of elementary particles. Based on AQM and as an example, the total ontology of the intrinsic (fundamental) electron is presented with its inner structure of perfect geometry consisting of the physical charged c-ring and aphysical cylinder, and with its properties such as self-mass, spin, magneto-electrostatic field configuration and magnetic moment. The position parameter in the inner structure demonstrates that there are no two identical intrinsic electrons in the Universe thus placing a question mark over the QFT principle of indistinguishability.
Stimulating Tight Sands in the Presence of Weak Stress Barriers by Modified Hydraulic Fracturing Techniques: A Status Report

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Tight gas formations bounded by base rock and/or overlain by an overburden rock, that are not barriers to vertical fracture migration, are not amenable to "successful" large stimulation treatments by hydraulic fracturing as practiced today. Reservoirs of this nature are abundant. The example to be considered here is the North Douglas Creek Arch Field, east of Rangeley, Colorado. The objective of this paper is to present the preliminary findings of a project sponsored by the Gas Research Institute of Chicago and conducted by Terra Tek, Inc. of Salt Lake City and Chandler & Associates of Denver. The program is aimed towards developing technology that can provide deeply penetrating fractures in formations lacking barriers to vertical migration. Four prospective techniques are being evaluated in the laboratory and in the field: fracture initiation placement (perforation placement), fracture packing with lightweight additives, controlled process zone fracturing, and electrical heating/fracturing followed by hydraulic fracturing. Each of the techniques is being evaluated for feasibility by analysis and tests performed in a polyaxial test machine that is capable of accommodating rock samples one cubic meter in volume. The program intends to validate and optimize the most effective technique in the field. It is anticipated that the optimum technique will probably be a combination of the several proposed techniques. The program includes stimulation technique evaluation in four new wells in the North Douglas Creek Arch Field. Among the work reported in this paper are: preliminary studies related to the development of the four different techniques, fracture geometry prediction under adverse stress distribution condition, and drilling, coring, drill stem testing, transient pressure testing, in-situ stress measurements, log analysis, and routine and special core testing on core materials from two of the new wells.
Cover Picture: Hemin Catalyzed Dealkylative Intercepted [2, 3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Sulfonium Ylides with 2, 2, 2‐Trifluorodiazoethane (Adv. Synth. Catal. 10/2020)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The inside cover picture, provided by Yuanjiang Pan and co-workers, illustrates the selectivity associated with reported method: the hemin-catalyzed, carbene-mediated, dealkylative intercepted [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of allylic sulfides with in situ generated 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethane. The product of the classic [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement from the sulfonium ylide intermediate was not formed; instead the allyl group was lost and the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl sulfide was formed. This transformation distinguishes itself by the concise process, mild conditions and efficiency achieved with the help from the natural catalyst, hemin. Details of this work can be found in the full paper on pages 2005–2011 (X. Yan, C. Li, X. Xu, X. Zhao, Y. Pan, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2020, 362, 2005–2011; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901534).
THE ROLE OF ORAL MICROBIOME IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION AND SOMATIC PATHOLOGY

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The review presents the modern concept of the oral microbiome, its species diversity, the properties of microbial associations and their effect on the immunobiological resistance of the organism, development of chronic inflammation and two leading infectious and inflammatory diseases (dental caries and periodontal diseases). There is briefly summarized information about the presence and nature of the relationship between the composition of periodontal microorganisms and concomitant somatic diseases: in atherosclerotic plaques in cardiovascular diseases, with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and other organs and systems.