jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Co-expression of IRES-mediated hG-CSF cDNA and hGH Gene under the Control of Goat beta-Casein Promoter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We developed a novel dicistronic system for the expression of target cDNA sequences in the milk of transgenic animals using goat beta-casein/hGH fusion construct, pGbc5.5hGH (Lee, 2006) and internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequences of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) cDNA was linked to 3' untranslated region of hGH gene in the pGbc5.5hGH via EMCV IRES sequences. Transgenic mice were generated by microinjection and transgene expression was examined in the milk and mammary gland of transgenic mice at 10 days of lactation. Northern blot analysis showed that hGH gene and hG-CSF cDNA were transcribed as a single dicistronic mRNA. The hG-CSF and hGH proteins were independently translated from the dicistronic mRNA and secreted into the milk of transgenic mice. The highest concentration of hG-CSF and hGH in the milk of transgenic mice were 237 ㎍/㎖ and 8,990 ㎍/㎖, respectively. In contrast, another hG-CSF expression cassette, in which hG-CSF genomic sequences were inserted into a commercial milk-specific expression vector (pBC1), generated a lower level (91 ㎍/㎖) of hG-CSF expression in the milk of transgenic mice. These results demonstrated that the novel pGbc5.5hGH-based dicistronic construct could be useful for an efficient cDNA expression in the milk of transgenic animals.
Influence of Hematocrit and Total-Spot Volume on Performance Characteristics of Dried Blood Spots for Newborn Screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dried blood spots (DBS) have been used in newborn screening (NBS) tests for over 50 years. The Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program (NSQAP) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted studies to assess the individual impacts of hematocrit and total-spot volume on characteristics of DBS samples. Per-punch serum volumes decreased 27%, RBC volumes more than doubled, absorption times increased over 300%, and spot diameters decreased marginally between the hematocrits of 40% to 65%. Per-punch serum and RBC volumes decreased logarithmically with lowering total-spot volumes. Patient hematocrit is an uncontrollable variable and inevitably affects the resulting punch from a DBS sample. It may be possible, though, to identify samples that fall outside of an acceptable range by noting certain physical characteristics of the DBS.
Novel vertebral computed tomography indices in normal and spinal disorder dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study was carried out to derive and evaluate reference computed tomography (CT)-based indices for normal canine spine. CT and magnetic resonance images were acquired from 12 clinically normal Beagle dogs (normal group) and 50 dogs with 56 spinal disorders (patient group). Image acquisition regions were cervical spine (C2-T1), thoracic spine (T1-T13), and lumbar spine (L1-L7). Measured indices were: the ratios of width to height of the spinal cord including the dura matter (CR) and of the vertebral foramen (FR), and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord to that of the vertebral foramen (CFAR). Reliability analysis was performed to evaluate intermodality agreement. Student's t-tests and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to discriminate the normal and patient groups on CT. Intermodality agreements of the normal and patient groups were acceptable to excellent. The highest discriminating levels of CR at the vertebral body level and the intervertebral disc space level were 1.25 or more and 1.44 or more, respectively. FR and CFAR had the highest discriminating level at the cervical region. This report presents quantitative information on canine spinal morphometry; the obtained indices may be helpful for CT screening of dogs with spinal disorders.
Cost-Effectiveness of Colonoscopy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to the general population, especially those previously exposed to abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy (APRT). However, the benefits and costs of CRC screening in CCS are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of early-initiated colonoscopy screening in CCS. Methods We adjusted a previously validated model of CRC screening in the US population (MISCAN-Colon) to reflect CRC and other-cause mortality risk in CCS. We evaluated 91 colonoscopy screening strategies varying in screening interval, age to start, and age to stop screening for all CCS combined and for those treated with or without APRT. Primary outcomes were CRC deaths averted (compared to no screening) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). A willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per life-years gained (LYG) was used to determine the optimal screening strategy. Results Compared to no screening, the US Preventive Services Task Force’s average risk screening schedule prevented up to 73.2% of CRC deaths in CCS. The optimal strategy of screening every 10 years from age 40 to 60 years averted 79.2% of deaths, with ICER of $67 000/LYG. Among CCS treated with APRT, colonoscopy every 10 years from age 35 to 65 years was optimal (CRC deaths averted: 82.3%; ICER: $92 000/LYG), whereas among those not previously treated with APRT, screening from age 45 to 55 years every 10 years was optimal (CRC deaths averted: 72.7%; ICER: $57 000/LYG). Conclusions Early initiation of colonoscopy screening for CCS is cost-effective, especially among those treated with APRT.
In Vivo Studies of HDL Assembly and Metabolism Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of ApoA-I Mutants in ApoA-I-Deficient Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have used adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in apoA-I-deficient (A-I-/-) mice to probe the in vivo assembly and metabolism of HDL using apoA-I variants, focusing primarily on the role of the C-terminal 32 amino acids (helices 9-10). Lipid, lipoprotein, and apoA-I analyses showed that plasma levels of apoA-I and HDL of the mutants were 40-88% lower than that of wild type (WT) human apoA-I despite comparable levels of expression in the liver. WT apoA-I and mutant 1 (P165A, E172A) formed spherical particles with the size and density of HDL2 and HDL3. Mutant 2 (E234A, E235A, K238A, K239A) generated spherical particles with density between HDL2 and HDL3. Mutant 3 (L211V, L214V, L218V, L219V) and mutant 4 (L222K, F225K, F229K), which have substitutions of hydrophobic residues in the C-terminus, generated discoidal HDL particles indicating a defect in their conversion to mature spherical HDL. Significant amounts of mutant 4 and mutant 5 (truncated at residue 219) were found in the lipid poor fractions after ultracentrifugation of the plasma (18 and 35%, respectively, of total apoA-I). These findings suggest that hydrophobic residues in and/or between helices 9 and 10 are important for the maturation of HDL in vivo.
The Appreciation of Beauty as a Motivation for Learning Computer Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the appreciation of beauty can be a motivation for the students in the art design area to learn computer programming. For this study, Processing programming environment will be used because it can produce fine artworks with relatively simple codes. The teaching materials used in this study will be designed in accordance with the ARCS motivation model so that the appreciation of the artworks in the Processing windows would motivate the students to learn programming. These teaching materials will be used by the students in the art design area, and the motivation levels of the students will be evaluated using the SIEM assessment standard.
It’s the Little Things (in Viral RNA)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chemical modifications of viral RNA are an integral part of the viral life cycle and are present in most classes of viruses. To date, more than 170 RNA modifications have been discovered in all types of cellular RNA. Only a few, however, have been found in viral RNA, and the function of most of these has yet to be elucidated. Those few we have discovered and whose functions we understand have a varied effect on each virus. They facilitate RNA export from the nucleus, aid in viral protein synthesis, recruit host enzymes, and even interact with the host immune machinery.
Progressive, but promiscuous and confused: perceptions of sexual minority identity labels in a nationally representative sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Selecting and sharing a sexual identity label can be a significant and stressful process for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people. We previously found that using explicit (e.g. Mark is gay) and implicit (e.g. Mark is attracted to men) sexual identity labels mostly led to positive perceptions (e.g. more proud, likeable, resilient), in a sample of university students who were predominantly young, liberal women. We sought to extend these findings and determine whether a sample from the United States would rate characters identified as LGB more negatively. To this end, a nationally representative sample (N= 510) was recruited via Prolific and, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: explicit, implicit, or no labels. Participants read short biographical vignettes with one set of labels and provided ratings of the characters on positive, negative, and neutral traits. As hypothesised, explicit and implicit labels for LGB characters generally led to higher ratings on negative traits (e.g. confused, perverted, and promiscuous), but also increased ratings on one positive trait (progressive). Taken together with our previous findings, individuals described with sexual minority identity labels are likely to be perceived more positively in liberal-leaning environments, such as universities, but more negatively in the general population.
Farmers and Pixels: Toward Sustainable Agricultural Finance with Space Technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores promises of satellite technology in creating high-quality agricultural risk information necessary for unlocking market inefficiencies that have precluded sustainable development of insurance markets and overall risk management in agricultural sector, where uninsured risk remains a leading impediment of economic development. Using pixel-level, high resolution, high frequency and longitudinal satellite data together with a combination of geographical information system (GIS) data, administrative and household-level agricultural data, this paper answers three questions: (1) Can satellite data be used to generate high-quality risk information for Thai rice farmers? (2) How might the satellite-based risk information be used to crowd in sustainable markets for agricultural finance? And (3) What are potential economic impacts of having high quality agricultural data on farmers, agricultural banks and government? After illuminating the potential values of investing in high-quality agricultural data, this paper also discusses key challenges and ways forward in bringing this research into real action to enhance financial stability of farmers, financial system and government.
THE CONQUEST OF PELLAGRA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Less than a decade has elapsed since Goldberger and his associates began their studies of pellagra in this country. The developments of these investigations furnish an illustration of how significant knowledge of the etiology of disease may be for its proper management. If pellagra was due to an infection, as seemed to be the case to many students of the subject ten years ago, the public duty in the direction of prevention obviously lay in the introduction and enforcement of such sanitary measures as are accustomed to be efficacious in the face of infectious disease. The foremost need was to discover and eradicate the biologic agent that was involved. Problems of segregation and quarantine would need to be considered; in fact, drastic measures involving isolation of patients were actually adopted in some instances. This sort of procedure was likely to be superfluous if the etiologic factor lay in the diet—in
Circobotys occultilinea Crambus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

335. Circobotys occultilinea (Walker, 1863a: 168) (Crambus) Type locality: Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak = Pyrausta petrosarca Lower, 1903: 68 Type locality: Australia, Queensland = Pyrausta apocrypha Turner, 1908: 101 Type locality: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane Distribution. Indian records: Sikkim (Hampson 1896b), India (Robinson et al. 1994). Global records: Borneo (Hampson 1896b), Australia (Lower 1903, Turner 1908), Vietnam (Tonkin) (de Joannis 1930), Bhutan, W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines (Robinson et al. 1994).
Lawyers in love: The Class of 1981's many couples

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There was something special about 1981.\nThe royal wedding of Prince Charles of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer captured the attention of millions of Americans. A record-setting 30 million viewers watched Luke and Laura say “I do” on General Hospital. President Ronald Reagan appointed Sandra Day O’Connor as the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.\nRoughly 150 students graduated from Notre Dame Law School in 1981. That class formed at least a dozen married couples — a striking ratio by any standard.
Vegetation cover mapping of area Tundradalen_055, Breheimen

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Percentage values were calculated from Braun-Blanquet classes. r = <1 %, + = <5 %, 1 = 5 %, 2 = 15 %, 3 = 37.5 %, 4 = 62.5 %, 5 = 87.5 %
An Econometric Decomposition of Aggregate Data: Application to the EU-15 Average Cattle Slaughter Weight

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The level of aggregation of reported data has limited the proper accounting of live animals in most, if not all, livestock models, making the consistency of their underlying biologics suspect. We develop an econometric methodology to decompose a wide range of aggregate data. This method is applied to estimate a disaggregated average cattle slaughter weight for calves, cows, and other cattle from total beef production data in the European Union. The estimated model gave acceptable statistical properties and estimated slaughter weights that closely correspond to reported sample-based slaughter weights across all cattle categories. The model has a good fit, no serial correlation, and highly significant coefficients with consistent signs. Standard validation statistics suggest that the model is able to track well both the mean and variability of the actual average cattle slaughter weight. Furthermore, other decompositions using the same methodology were successful in other countriesNew Zealand, and Mexico; other sectorssheep; and other aggregate datadairy and beef calving rates.
Repairing of Missing Data in Scheduling Based on Generative Adversarial Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the manufacturing process of modern smart factories, when product family design and variant design are carried out on the basis of existing products, local design changes will generate new technological processes. Process changes lead to partial lack of scheduling data, which in turn affects the efficiency of workshop scheduling in the manufacturing process. most of the research results related to scheduling problems are focused on the optimization of various scheduling objectives, without considering the problem of missing scheduling data. Therefore, this paper proposes a data processing method that combines missing data removal and data expansion based on processing order for optimal training of GAN to solve the problem of insufficient training data when the scheduling data set is small. In this paper, We use GAN to generate local data, and combine the missing vector of the data and the hint vector to strengthen the training process, complete the repair of the missing data, and then further study the effectiveness of the repair. Experimental results show that this method of using historical process data to repair scheduling data can effectively repair the problem of partial missing data in the same product family and improve the efficiency of workshop production scheduling.
Foundlings and Fictional Form: Eliza Haywood mothers Tom Jones

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The conventional view of Eliza Haywood's later career has been that she followed the new 'moral' turn in fiction in the 1740s, of which Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding were the chief exponents. However, Fielding's plot in Tom Jones (1748-9) can be shown to be inspired and influenced by Haywood's The Fortunate Foundlings (1744) and Life's Progress through the Passions: Or, the Adventures of Natura (1748). Fielding's dialogue with the reader in Tom Jones, one of the novel's most distinctive features, is modelled on Haywood's dialogue with the reader in The Female Spectator (1744-46). Haywood's and Fielding's works are both politically engaged and both serve partisan causes. They share constructions of gender and sexuality but differ sharply on the issues of courtship and marriage. For Fielding the possible power given to women in the courtship plot of salon romances must be averted, and for him, as a Whig in the Puritan tradition, marriage represents the ideal end-goal. Haywood is sceptical about the possibility of happy marriages for women, and she favours continental and Tory traditions.
Influence of Accessibility to Urban Service Amenities on Housing Prices: Evidence from Beijing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Housing prices are deeply influenced by urban service amenities, and measuring this effect is necessary to help administrations construct informed urban planning strategies. However, studies have not fully assessed the heterogeneous and spatial effects of accessibility to urban service amenities. This study classifies urban service amenities into six categories and divides Beijing into different areas. A hedonic price model and a spatial econometric model were used to examine different categories and locations and also the spatial effects of urban service amenities. The results are as follows: (1) the influence of urban service amenities varies among different categories; specifically, dining and shopping services and health services have negative impacts, whereas other amenities have significant positive effects. (2) The effects of urban service amenities on housing prices spatially vary. The effects decrease as the distances from the central business district (CBD) and the nearest employment center increase, and this impact is different in different areas. (3) The influence has spatial spillover effects, and the "half-decline" distance is approximately 18 km. This study contributes to our awareness of the meaning and heterogeneity of the effects of urban service amenities on housing prices, demonstrating that a universal and one-size-fits-all policy should be avoided.
Application of Bayesian Methods in Cancer Prediction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to the "Global Cancer Statistics 2020" report released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, there were approximately 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2020, and nearly 10 million cancer-related deaths. These figures indicate that cancer has emerged as one of the major public health challenges globally, characterized by extremely high incidence and mortality rates. Cancer is particularly daunting because many forms of the disease exhibit no obvious symptoms in their early stages, often being diagnosed only at advanced stages, thereby complicating treatment efforts. In this context, early prediction of cancer becomes critically important as it enables precision treatment, reduces the overall burden of cancer therapy, alleviates the physical and psychological suffering of patients, and lessens the economic strain on their families, ultimately diminishing the threat posed by cancer to human society. This review systematically examines the use of Bayesian methods in cancer prediction. The paper outlines various Bayesian classification techniques and discusses their unique approaches to handling high-dimensional clinical and molecular data.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of Novel Mixed Valent Ferrimagnetic Oxides with a TC up to 270 K: Ca1‐xYxBaFe4O7.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Uncoupling of influenza A virus transcription and replication through mutation of the unpaired adenosine in the viral RNA promoter.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcription and replication of the influenza A virus RNA genome are mediated by the viral RNA polymerase from a promoter consisting of the partially base-paired 3' and 5' termini of viral genome segments. Here we show that transcription and replication can be uncoupled by mutation of an unpaired adenosine in the 5' strand of the promoter. This residue is important for transcription but not replication by being essential for the cap-binding activity of the RNA polymerase.
Reduction of Technetium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans : Biocatalyst Characterization and Use in a Flowthrough Bioreactor

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Resting cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans coupled the oxidation of a range of electron donors to Tc(VII) reduction. The reduced technetium was precipitated as an insoluble low-valence oxide. The optimum electron donor for the biotransformation was hydrogen, although rapid rates of reduction were also supported when formate or pyruvate was supplied to the cells. Technetium reduction was less efficient when the growth substrates lactate and ethanol were supplied as electron donors, while glycerol, succinate, acetate, and methanol supported negligible reduction. Enzyme activity was stable for several weeks and was insensitive to oxygen. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the radionuclide was precipitated at the periphery of the cell. Cells poisoned with Cu(II), which is selective for periplasmic but not cytoplasmic hydrogenases, were unable to reduce Tc(VII), a result consistent with the involvement of a periplasmic hydrogenase in Tc(VII) reduction. Resting cells, immobilized in a flowthrough membrane bioreactor and supplied with Tc(VII)-supplemented solution, accumulated substantial quantities of the radionuclide when formate was supplied as the electron donor, indicating the potential of this organism as a biocatalyst to treat Tc-contaminated wastewaters.