jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Werewolf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

These twenty captivating stories about the founder of the Hasidic faith Israel ben Eliezer called the Baal-Shem or Master of God's Name, provide a profound and charming account of the genesis of Hasidism, still Judaism's most important religious movement. As a delicate and moving portrayal not only of the power of the Baal-Shem's mystical faith, but also of Eastern European Jewish daily life, The Legend of the Baal-Shem is an ideal introduction to Hasidic religious thought, and to Martin Buber's own influential philosophy of love and mutual human understanding.
Mathematics education published in the “Wychowanie Przedszkolne” [in English: Preschool Education] journal (1925–1939)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Objectives In the interwar period, educational magazines played a huge role in popularizing the latest concepts and didactic solutions. In the years 1918-1939, several titles were addressed to pre-school educators. In this group, "Preschool Education" can be considered as one of the most important magazines. His main tasks included improving teachers' professional competences and disseminating the achievements of Polish and world pedagogical thought. On the pages of the magazine, much attention was paid to the issue of mathematical education of a small child. These publications were substantive support for pre-school educators at the time. Material and methods analysis of source texts Results On the pages of the "Preschool Education" (1925-1939) magazine, many articles can be found in the field of mathematical education of a small child, constituting significant substantive support for pre-school educators in the interwar period. Conclusions The text is a short presentation of articles in the field of mathematics education published in the journal "Preschool Education" (1925-1939).
A novel cubic-order algorithm for approximating principal direction vectors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are a number of applications in computer graphics that require as a first step the accurate estimation of principal direction vectors at arbitrary vertices on a triangulated surface. Although several methods for calculating principal directions over such models have been previously proposed, we have found in practice that all exhibit unexplained large errors in some cases. In this article, we describe our theoretical and experimental investigations into possible sources of errors in the approximation of principal direction vectors from triangular meshes, and suggest a new method for estimating principal directions that can yield better results under some circumstances.
Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Research on Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems (2008-2023)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Exosomes are unique bio-nanomaterials possessing significant value and potential for drug delivery systems. However, to date, no bibliometric studies in this field have been reported. Our aim is to explore the research hotspots and trends of exosome drug-carrying systems across various medical fields through bibliometric analyses. Methods: Articles and reviews related to "exosome" and "drug delivery" are retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Origin 2021 are employed for bibliometric analyses. Results: A total of 771 articles from 60 countries, such as China and the United States, are included. The number of papers concerning exosomal drug delivery systems has been increasing yearly. The main research institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Fudan University, and Sichuan University. The Journal of Controlled Release is the most prevalent and frequently cited journal in this field. These papers are authored by 247 individuals, with Ando, Hidenori having the highest number of publications and Alvarez-Erviti L receiving the most citations. "Extracellular vesicles", "drug delivery", "in vitro", "nanoparticles", "cells", "delivery", and "mesenchymal stem cells" are the principal keywords for this hotspot. Conclusion: This pioneering bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the research trends and advancements in exosomal drug delivery systems in medicine over the past fifteen years.
Molecular and Crystalline Structure of the Ruthenium(II) Complex [{trans-(dppe)2(Cl) Ru–C≡C–H} · 0.5CDCl3]: An Additional Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis and X-ray diffraction study of the ruthenium(II) complex, [{trans-(dppe)2(Cl) Ru–C≡C–H} · 0.5CDCl3] (trans-Ru · 0.5CDCl3), are presented. The molecule of trans-Ru · 0.5CDCl3 crystallizes in the triclinic sp. gr. $$P\bar {1}$$ with two chemically equivalent but crystallographic independent molecules. The intramolecular C–H···Cl–C hydrogen bonds build with the deuterated chloroform. In addition, the intermolecular C–H···Cl–Ru hydrogen bonds have been also found.
ChemInform Abstract: Conoliferine (Ia) and Isoconoliferine (Ib), Structurally Novel Alkaloid‐Lignan Conjugates from Tabernaemontana corymbosa.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mixing driven by transient buoyancy flows. I. Kinematics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Mixing of two miscible liquids juxtaposed inside a cavity initially separated by a divider, whose buoyancy-driven motion is initiated via impulsive perturbation of divider motion that can generate the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, is investigated experimentally. The measured Lagrangian history of interface motion that contains the continuum mechanics of mixing shows self-similar nearly Gaussian length stretch distribution for a wide range of control parameters encompassing an approximate Hele-Shaw cell to a three-dimensional cavity. Because of the initial configuration of the interface which is parallel to the gravitational field, we show that at critical initial potential energy mixing occurs through the stretching of the interface, which shows frontogenesis, and folding, owing to an overturning motion that results in unstable density stratification and produces an ideal condition for the growth of the single wavelength Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The initial perturbation of the interface and flow field generates the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and causes kinks at the interface, which grow into deep fingers during overturning motion and unfold into local whorl structures that merge and self-organize into the Rayleigh-Taylor morphology (RTM) structure. For a range of parametric space that yields two-dimensional flows, the unfolding of the instability through a supercritical bifurcation yields an asymmetric pairwise structure exhibiting smooth RTM that transitions to RTM fronts with fractal structures that contain small length scales for increasing Peclet numbers. The late stage of the RTM structure unfolds into an internal breakwave that breaks down through wall and internal collision and sets up the condition for self-induced sloshing that decays exponentially as the two fluids become stably stratified with a diffusive region indicating local molecular diffusion.
Motility of the oocyte of Helisoma (Mollusca).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mature oocytes isolated from the ovotestis of Helisoma showed amoeboid movement when treated in vitro with a homogenate of the cerebral ganglia (containing dorsal bodies). This movement ceased when either cytochalasin B or colchicine was added to the preparation. Actin filaments were only visualized in in vitro and in vivo preparation of mature oocytes. We suggest tht in order to ovulate, the oocyte uses its own contractile system to become amoeboid and is thereby separated from the envelope of the follicle cells. We also suggest that the ovulation factor(s) is present in the dorsal bodies and that this factor could be responsible for the induction of microfilaments.
[Two Cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome after Nivolumab Therapy for Gastric Cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case 1: A 51-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis was referred to our hospital. He received fourth-line chemotherapy with nivolumab, but it became PD. Next, he received S-1 plus docetaxel therapy as fifth- line therapy. After 2 courses of S-1 plus docetaxel, erythema and blisters appeared on his limbs, with erosions of the oral mucosa and penis. We diagnosed Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS)based on the clinical and pathological findings. He received steroid treatment, but the cutaneous symptoms persisted; therefore, it was impossible to continue the chemotherapy because of the SJS. Case 2: A 75-year-old woman with recurrence of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer received third-line chemotherapy with nivolumab. After 1 course of nivolumab, erythema appeared on her body and limbs, with erosion of the lips and oral mucosa. We diagnosed SJS based on the clinical findings. She received steroid treatment, but the cutaneous symptoms persisted; therefore, it was impossible to continue chemotherapy because of the SJS. It should be noted that the onset of serious irAEs, such as SJS, might make continuous chemotherapy difficult.
Risk and Managerial Finance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This edition of managerial finance is concerned with various aspects of risk considered in terms of the manner in which it affects investors in companies, the companies themselves, and financial institutions which lend funds to companies. Risk is usually interpreted as referring to the fact that events may turn out differently from prior expectations. Risk cannot be divorced from business life but some of the consequences of risk can be anticipated and either avoided, limited or insured against in various ways. The identification, assessment and management of risk is the subject of this set of papers.
The Action Component of Recognition Systems: A Focus on the Response

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The action component of recognition systems is concerned with the response of an evaluator to perceived cues, based on the dissimilarity of those cues compared with a template. Building upon the historical focus on kin recognition, we apply the framework of conspecific acceptance thresholds to recognition in a broader sense, including interactions within and between organisms, between species, and between living and nonliving things. We review examples from a variety of taxa and recognition contexts to demonstrate when a discriminatory response is expected, and how this response may be flexible depending on the costs and benefits of recognition errors and the interaction rate with cue-bearers in a given environment. Investigation of response flexibility must incorporate natural and life history data as well as controlled laboratory studies whenever possible in order to separate flexibility due to perceptual differences from shifting acceptance thresholds.
Experimental Design Procedure for Optimization of Saponin Extraction from Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Biosurfactant for Emulsification of Heavy Crude Oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In petroleum industries, an emulsification process is often necessary to transfer and upgrade heavy crude oil. Saponins are the main group of biosurfactants used for this purpose and they are often extracted from plants. In this study, saponin was extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra using a soxhlet method. The aim of present study was to optimize the effective parameters in production of saponin in order to obtain the maximum emulsification index (E 24 ) and optimum mean droplet size by Taguchi method. The evaluated parameters include extraction temperature, first solvent volume fraction, second solvent volume fraction and n -butanol volume fraction. Response parameters resulted in yield, cost and E 24 of produced saponin. The obtained results showed that temperature and n -butanol volume fraction were the most effective factors in the extraction process. Optimum operation condition including yield, cost and E 24 were (3.6 ± 0.1) g/200 g of plant material, (3.4 ± 0.14) $/g and (98 ± 5) %, respectively. The mean droplet size of water in oil (W/O) emulsion was (35 ± 6) μm using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The results of present research could reduce the cost of saponin production for the applications in oil industries.
Tai and Its Afflictions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This chapter talks about the Tai National Park in Ivory Coast, which provides the only long-term study of Western Chimpanzees wherein relations between neighboring groups are well investigated. The Park is 435,000 hectares of dense evergreen rainforest. Research findings from Tai expands the ongoing variation demonstration, with distinctive use of territory and intergroup clashes more sophisticated than any previous discussions. It recounts the three deadly intergroup assaults of male chimpanzees from 2002 to 2007 that disrupted Tai chimpanzee communities as two very young males fought their way to the peak and led the killings. The chapter document the anthropogenic destruction of Tai chimpanzee populations, beginning with leopards as a natural killer. Most reports about leopard predation come from 1985–1990, when there were twenty-nine observed or inferred chimpanzee–leopard interactions.
Halinella Bechyne 1956

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genus Halinella Bechyné, 1956a Halinella Bechyné, 1956a: 323 (type species Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956, by original designation). Remarks This genus contains nine described species, all from South America. Compared to other New World genera of Monoleptites, Halinella is rather distinctive, the beetles being more elongate and dorsoventrally flattened than many of those in other genera (Fig. 140).
Interreligious Fraternal Relations in The Archdiocese of Semarang: Responses from Adherents of Other Religions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The practice of interreligious fraternal relations (IFR) in the Archdiocese of Semarang (AoS) does not exist in a vacuum. Other religions see, feel, and give their responses. They praise, regret, and criticize. This study presents the results of the analysis of the responses of other religions to the practice of (IFR) in AoS. Their responses convey certain messages to AoS. These diverse reflective messages are important and useful for changing IBR in AoS. It seems that studies on this issue are not yet available. This reflective qualitative study analyzes the phenomenon of IFR in AoS by borrowing the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu's social theory of "habitus-modal-arena", Michel Foucault's "power struggle", and Evangelli Gaudium's "pastoral conversion". Data were obtained through interviews and observations. The temporary knowledge is as follows. AoS does not yet have a strong habitus or mental structure for an IFR. This can be seen in the lack of knowledge of Catholicism (capital) which has an impact on the lack of increasing mission/mission spaces (arenas) created for these relations. Using Foucault's theory and pastoral conversion, this study finds indications that the hierarchical structure that is currently considered stable sometimes does not optimally utilize its power potential to prepare the Catholic lay in these relations.
Ant-diarrheal Plants of Central Anatolia: Do They Inhibit Diarrhea-causing Bacteria?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Infectious diarrhea results in 2 to 5 million deaths worldwide per year, and treatments that are safe, effective, and readily available are under investigation. The field of medicinal ethnobotany focuses on plants that are used by different cultural groups for treating various diseases and evaluates these plants for efficacy and cytotoxicity. In the present study, ethnobotanical research was conducted with Central Anatolian villagers in Turkey. Folk concepts and etiologies surrounding diarrhea were analyzed, as were salient plant-based remedies for diarrhea. Reviewing the literature, 91 plant species were described as anti-diarrheal in all of Turkey. In Central Anatolia, villagers described 35 species. For continued research via bactericidal and bacteriostatic bioassays, 15 plants were selected. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinally used plant parts were evaluated for inhibitory properties against 10 diarrhea-causing bacteria in the first bioassay, and later 21 bacteria in a second assay utilizing spectrophotometry. The cytotoxic properties were also evaluated in an Alamar Blue Assay using HepG-2, PC-3, and SkMEL-5 human cell lines. While several extracts showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties, the methanolic extract of R. canina galls inhibited the most bacteria at the lowest concentrations. They were not cytotoxic. Thus, R. canina methanolic gall extracts were selected for bio-assay guided fractionation. Antibacterial activity was maintained in the third fraction which was composed of almost pure ellagic acid. The bioassay was repeated with standard ellagic acid, and the polyphenol retained potency in inhibiting multiple bacterial strains. Several other extracts showed promise for safe, effective anti-bacterial remedies for diarrhea.
Communicating Climate Change Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Researchers often come up against the challenge of effectively communicating complex data to an audience beyond academia. In the case of climate-change science, this challenge is a special one. Now a highly politicized issue, climate change has camps of interested parties among specialists, policy makers, and the general public. In such an environment, what should researchers do—and what do they need to do—to make the scientific data widely accessible and interpretable? Panelists: Ned Gardiner, Climate Visualization Project Manager at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Program Office; Gavin Schmidt, climate modeler at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, co-founder of the blog RealClimate.org, and co-author of a popular science book Climate Change: Picturing the Science; and Sabine Marx, Managing Director at the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) at Columbia University.
Isolation of listeria monocytogenes in neural forms of listeriosis and abortions in ruminants

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

L. monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen capable of causing serious invasive diseases in humans and animals, including abortion, septicemia, meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Isolation of the agent is the most accurate diagnostic method in all situations of suspected L. monocytogenes infection. Direct isolation of L. monocytogenes is relatively simple in cases when the number of organisms is very large, such as septicaemic disease forms. Isolation is quite difficult if the agent is present in very small quantities, such as in encephalitis, or if the sample is highly contaminated. In this paper we presented the isolation of L. monocytogenes from clinical samples by using selective media for enrichment and isolation, combined with the cold enrichment technique. In our investigation we isolated L. monocytogenes from 18 of the total of 46 investigated tissue samples originating from animals with clinical diagnosis of listeriosis. We also presented the basic differential-diagnostic procedure in relation to the mimicking bacterial species.
Kinematic Positioning with DGPS: Expanding Frontiers in Aerogeophysics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Airborne geophysics has long been used for regional studies of remote and inaccessible areas. Recent developments in precise positioning of aircraft with the Global Positioning System (GPS) have greatly expanded the range of previously intractable science problems which now can be addressed with airborne techniques (i.e. Brozena et al, 1992). Differential GPS techniques for modern aerogeophysical studies include both realtime navigation of the aircraft and post-mission recovery of the precise positions for data reduction. Major science problems which have been addressed recently with aerogeophysics include deciphering the dynamics of the world's major ice sheets, imaging surface displacements due to earthquakes and decoding the structure of the continental lithosphere. Airborne studies often recover higher resolution data than can be retrieved with satellite technology. Subsequently the aircraft based approach fills a unique niche where land and ship based operations are expensive, difficult or even impossible.
A Method of Co-registering Multiple Magnetic Resonance Imaged Vocal Tract Volumes for Fricatives

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a study of fricative production, Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to acquire three-dimensional tract geometries of fricatives produced in four different vowel contexts. Short scan sequences were used to image multiple productions of each fricative in a single session. Although minimizing the number of tokens, this resulted in a coarser spatial resolution in some parts of the tract, which required a different approach to assembling vocal tract volumes. Sagittal, axial and oblique-coronal imaging orientations were chosen to best resolve the tract in the mid-sagittal plane, the pharynx, and around the fricative constriction. Each fricative token was acquired using a 37 second imaging sequence. Dental impressions were imaged separately. Three corresponding point clouds were created by sampling air-tissue boundaries in each image stack, and aligned using anatomical landmarks on the face and spinal column, creating a single, multiply-sampled volume. Area functions were estimated using the most suitable data source at each region of the tract. Vocal tract models were constructed for eight fricatives produced in four vowel contexts by four speakers of American English. The advantages of this method of tract modeling, and its automatic application to potentially variable MRI data sources will be discussed. [Funded by NIH-NIDCD-RO1-DC006705]
Exploring Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Quit among Security Officers: The Role of Work Hygiene and Motivator Factors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Amidst the pandemic, the work of many security personnel increased due to the additional requirements of checking vaccination records, temperature-taking, and contact-tracing procedures. There is ample research linking work hygiene and motivator factors (from Herzberg’s two-factor theory) to both job satisfaction and intentions to quit in various types of work settings. However, little is known about what keeps security officers on the job despite the exacerbated challenges posed by the pandemic. We examine how distinct hygiene and motivator factors predict intentions to quit among security officers. One thousand security officers in Singapore participated in a cross-sectional survey that assessed their current job experiences. The findings of this study revealed that job satisfaction plays a mediating effect in the positive relationship between four out of five poor hygiene factors and intentions to quit. Furthermore, the negative mediating effect of job satisfaction between all three motivator factors and intentions to quit was significant. Specifically, the intrinsic motivation for the work itself was the most significant predictor of intentions to stay. Interventions targeted at enhancing work commitment among security officers should highlight the value of security work and its role in maintaining public safety.