jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interference between Neurotropic and Other Unrelated Viruses

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The viruses of influenza A and B interfere with the growth and lethal action of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Lederle strain) in the brains of mice. Influenza strains interfere, to a lesser extent, with mortality caused by eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Bwamba virus, and the Rockefeller Institute strain of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. The interference is not produced if the influenza virus is given by the intraperitoneal route or if it is neutralized by immune serum; nor is it produced by several toxic agents having convulsive effect. Interference between influenza A virus (PR8 strain) and western equine encephalomyelitis (Lederle strain) could not be demonstrated in the allantoic cavity of the embryonated hen’s egg. Influenza A virus inactivated by irradiation with ultraviolet light retains part of its interfering activity for western equine encephalomyelitis virus. The viruses of mumps and Newcastle disease have also the property of interfering with the growth of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Lederle strain) in the brains of mice.
Comparative countries’ tourism technical efficiency assessment: A stochastic output distance function approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims at analysing the technical efficiency of the tourism industry worldwide. Using a sample of 111 countries worldwide from 2008 to 2016, we estimated the tourism industry technical efficiency score to measure of the industry performance from a translog output distance function modelling. Our results showed that high-income countries are more efficient because of higher qualified labour, and higher productivity of natural and cultural resources. Besides, our results support that African and Asian countries are less efficient than those from Europe and America. For international comparison purposes, our findings suggested that the level of income and the location of destinations should be incorporated as determinants and inputs of the tourism production function to the technical efficiency. In the political view, policymakers are encouraged to be aware of the income level of their citizens to improve the performance of their tourism sector.
Exploring the Potential of DNA Computing for Complex Big Data Problems: A Case Study on the Traveling Car Renter Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The traveling car renter problem (TCRP) is a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) wherein the salesman utilizes rented cars for travel. The primary objective of this problem is to identify a solution that minimizes the cumulative operating costs. Given its classification as a non-deterministic polynomial (NP) problem, traditional computers are not proficient in effectively resolving it. Conversely, DNA computing exhibits unparalleled advantages when confronted with NP-hard problems. This paper presents a DNA algorithm, based on the Adleman-Lipton model, as a proposed approach to address TCRP. The solution for TCRP can be acquired by following a series of fundamental steps, including coding, interaction, and extraction. The time computing complexity of the proposed DNA algorithm is O(n2m) for TCRP with n cities and m types of cars. By conducting simulation experiments, the solutions for certain instances of TCRP are computed and compared to those obtained by alternative algorithms. The proposed algorithm further illustrates the potential of DNA computing, as a form of parallel computing, to address more intricate large-scale problems.
Release of indomethacin from a novel chitosan microsphere prepared by a naturally occurring crosslinker: Examination of crosslinking and polycation–anionic drug interaction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Novel chitosan microspheres with lower cytotoxicity were fabricated in this study and their drug release characteristics were investigated. Genipin, a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent that has been used in herbal medicine and in the production of food dye, was used to prepare crosslinked chitosan microspheres by a water-in-oil dispersion method. The crosslinking mechanism examined by FTIR and 13C–NMR suggests that the crosslinking of chitosan by genipin leads to the formation of secondary amide and heterocyclic amino linkage. The polycation–anionic drug interaction between chitosan and indomethacin was pH dependent and could affect the dissolution property of indomethacin. By examination of the release profiles of the crosslinked chitosan microsphere, it was found that the release of indomethacin from the microsphere was sustainable and influenced by factors such as crosslinking of microsphere and chitosan–indomethacin interaction, thus establishing crosslinked chitosan microsphere as a very promising polymeric carrier for drug release. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1700–1711, 2001
Hypochloremic Uremia during Pregnancy and Puerperium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research Articles| April 07 2010 Hypochloremic Uremia during Pregnancy and Puerperium Subject Area: Further Areas , Women's and Children's Health G.A. Lindeboom G.A. Lindeboom From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Willielmina Gasthuis) of the University of Amsterdam (Chief: Prof. M. A. van Bouwdijk Bastiaanse) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gynaecologia (1949) 127 (3): 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1159/000312451 Article history Published Online: April 07 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G.A. Lindeboom; Hypochloremic Uremia during Pregnancy and Puerperium. Gynaecologia 1 March 1949; 127 (3): 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1159/000312451 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsGynecologic and Obstetric Investigation Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1949Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Type I Collagen-Functionalized Supported Lipid Bilayer as a Cell Culture Platform

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The supported phospholipid bilayer serves as an important biomimetic model for the cell membrane in both basic and applied scientific research. We have constructed a biomimetic platform based on a supported phospholipid bilayer that is functionalized with type I collagen to serve as a substrate for cell culture. To create the type I collagen-functionalized lipid bilayer assembly, a simple chemical approach was employed: lipid vesicles composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(glutaryl) (DP-NGPE), a carboxylic acid-functionalized phospholipid, were prepared and then fused onto an SiO(2) substrate to form a supported lipid bilayer. Subsequently, type I collagen molecules were introduced to form stable collagen-lipid conjugates via amide linkages with activated DP-NGPE lipids. The binding kinetics of the conjugation process and the resultant changes in film thickness and viscoelasticity were followed using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring. The morphology of the conjugated collagen adlayer was investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). We observed that the adsorbed collagen molecules tended to self-assemble into fibrillar structures. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was utilized to estimate lateral lipid mobility, which was reduced by up to 20% after the coupling of type I collagen to the underlying lipid bilayer. As a cell culture platform, the collagen-conjugated supported lipid bilayer showed promising results. Smooth muscle cells (A10) retained normal growth behavior on the collagen-functionalized platform, unlike the bare POPC lipid bilayer and the POPC/DG-NGPE bilayer without collagen. The biomimetic functionalized lipid system presented here is a simple, yet effective approach for constructing a cell culture platform to explore the interactions between extracellular matrix components and cells.
Bullying in the Workplace—A Qualitative Study of Newly Licensed Registered Nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Bullying in the workplace is associated with negative job satisfaction and retention. It has also been found to have adverse effects on the health of employees. Using a qualitative descriptive design, this study examined the stories of bullying among nurses based on actual or witnessed experiences. One hundred eighty-four newly licensed U.S. nurses responded to an open-ended question on a survey about bullying mailed to their homes. Four major themes emerged that related to varying types of bullying behaviors, perceived causes of bullying, and the impact of bullying behaviors. The themes included structural bullying; nurses “eating their young”; being out of the clique; and leaving the job. Bullying is experienced firsthand and secondhand by nurses, and particularly by vulnerable, newly graduated nurses. Workplace bullying must be explored fully to develop effective strategies to eliminate it.
Macrophage migration inhibition induced by tissue antigen in guinea-pigs.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Macrophage migration inhibition has been induced with cultures of normal guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells and mitochondrial antigen of guinea-pig liver. The effect, like the antigen induced phenomenon, is prevented by exposure to trypsin. Puromycin and cycloheximide in contrast did not prevent macrophage migration inhibition. The migration inhibition was compared with the results of skin tests and with passive haemagglutination and immunocyto-adherence tests using liver antigen coated cells. Only the latter test was positive. The migration inhibitory effect is considered in relation to cell-mediated immunity to tissue antigens and its possible role in localization of macrophages in the inflammatory response.
HUBUNGAN PARITAS DAN PARTUS LAMA DENGAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POST PARTUM DI RSUD KOTA PRABUMULIH

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Post partum bleeding is bleeding that occurs after the delivery process with the amount of bleeding exceeding 500cc. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between parity and prolonged labor with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the general hospital on prabumulih city. The research method was analytic, using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all mothers who gave birth in the general hospital on prabumulih city. The sampling in this study used a random sampling technique, namely 326 respondents. The research instrument is a checklist. The results of the study based on univariate analysis showed that from 326 respondents there were 122 respondents (37.4%) who experienced postpartum hemorrhage and 204 respondents (62.6%) who did not experience postpartum hemorrhage, there were 54 respondents (16.6%) who experienced postpartum hemorrhage. have high risk parity and 272 respondents (83.4%) who have low risk parity, there are 68 respondents (20.9%) who were diagnosed with prolonged labor and 258 respondents (79.1%) who were not diagnosed with prolonged labor. From the bivariate analysis, it was found that from 54 respondents who had high risk parity, 43 respondents (13.2%) were diagnosed with postpartum hemorrhage, from 68 respondents who were diagnosed with prolonged labor, 52 respondents (16%) were diagnosed with postpartum hemorrhage. The conclusion, there is a significant relationship between parity and postpartum hemorrhage with a P value of 0.000 < 0.05, there is a significant relationship between prolonged labor and postpartum hemorrhage with a P value of 0.000 < 0.05 Keywords: postpartum hemorrhage, parity, prolonged labor
Objective Analysis of Age-Related Changes in the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System in Japanese Females Using Computed Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an anatomical structure involved in facial aging. Objectives This study focused on SMAS thickness and aimed to establish age-related changes in SMAS thickness. Methods A total of 100 adult Japanese female participants (aged 20-79 years) were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into 3 age groups: Y, M, and E, comprising 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 79 years, respectively. Anatomical structures were used as landmarks to standardize the SMAS analysis sites. The SMAS in a fixed analysis area (FAA) was quantified using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), and the relationship between SMAS thickness and age, as well as BMI, was analyzed. Results In 96 participants (four were excluded due to imaging artifacts), a moderate yet significant negative correlation was found between the average (A)-SMAS thickness within the FAA and age. The A-SMAS thickness in groups M and E was significantly lower than that of group Y, and the mean value of group E was significantly lower than that of group M. SMAS thickness was greater in the young population. The SMAS gradually became thinner with aging. A statistically significant correlation was not found between SMAS thickness and BMI. Conclusions Using MDCT technology, age-related changes in SMAS were successfully analyzed. This highly objective analysis method corroborated the aesthetic surgical knowledge of the SMAS features related to facial aging. In clinical applications, our findings may help elucidate the mechanisms involved in facial aging. Level of Evidence: 3
Abstracts of Microbiological interest Symposium: Current Issues in Solid Organ Transplantation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Gaze strategies in perception and action

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When you want to pick up an object, it is usually a simple matter to reach out to its location, and accurately pick it up. Almost every action in such a sequence is guided and checked by vision, with eye movements usually preceding motor actions (Hayhoe & Ballard, 2005; Hayhoe, Shrivastava, Mruczek, & Pelz, 2003). However, most research in this area has been concerned about the sequence of movements in complex “everyday” tasks like making tea or tool use. Less emphasis has been placed on the object itself and where on it the eye and hand movements land, and how gaze behaviour is different when generating a perceptual response to that same object. For those studies that have, very basic geometric shapes have been used such as rectangles, crosses and triangles. In everyday life, however, there are a range of problems that must be computed that go beyond such simple objects. Objects typically have complex contours, different textures or surface properties, and variations in their centre of mass. Accordingly, the primary goals in conducting this research were three fold: (1) To provide a deeper understanding of the function of gaze in perception and action when interacting with simple and complex objects (Experiments 1a, 1b, 1c); (2) To examine how gaze and grasp behaviours are influenced when you dissociate important features of an object such as the COM and the horizontal centre of the block (Experiments 2a, 2c); and (3) To explore whether perceptual biases will influence grasp and gaze behaviours (Experiment 2b). The results from the current series of studies showed the influence of action (i.e., the potential to act) on perception in terms of where we look on an object, and vice versa, the influence of perceptual biases on action output (i.e. grasp locations). In addition, grasp locations were found to be less sensitive to COM changes than previously suggested (for example see Kleinholdermann, Brenner, Franz, & Smeets, 2007), whereas fixation locations were drawn towards the ‘visual’ COM of objects, as shown in other perceptual studies (for example see He & Kowler, 1991; Kowler & Blaser, 1995; McGowan, Kowler, Sharma, & Chubb, 1998; Melcher & Kowler, 1999; Vishwanath & Kowler, 2003, 2004; Vishwanath, Kowler, & Feldman, 2000), even when a motor response was required. The implications of these results in terms of vision for Perception and vision for Action are discussed.
Parametric studies on process parameters of selective laser melting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an important technology, which is making rapid advances in many industrial sectors in the past years. AM is also known as direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, and three-dimensional (3D) printing. AM has environmental and ecological benefits alongside providing design freedom to manufacturing. AM can be categized into seven categories and three distinctive features powder bed, powder feed and wire feed systems. In this final year project, the focus will be on powder bed fusion process using selective laser melting (SLM). Selective laser melting is an AM technology which processes metallic materials in the form of powder. When an optimized set of parameters are used to print parts, parts that are close to full density can be achieved. PH 15-5 stainless steel was used in this study as the material for investigation. The objective of this study is to develop a set of optimized parameters using the selective laser melting process. The study will include research on the effects of different process parameters and the analysis of the mechanical experiment done. Design of experiment (DOE) and Analysis of variances (ANOVA) has been performed to determine the factors with significant effects. It was found that hatch spacing has the highest effects on the parts density. After optimization, the density obtained is above 99% and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is within the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. A further recommendation to improve this study is included in the conclusion.
The Commonwealth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When I was at Oxford I surprised myself and my friends by winning a University prize for an essay on 'The Statute of Westminster 1931'. That Act was the final piece of legislation by the British Imperial Parliament confirming the independent status of the self-governing Dominions and I took for my theme Maine's dictum that the movement of progressive societies is from status to contract. Maine's basic philosophy has been largely borne out by the history of the Commonwealth during the last half-century, but in 1931 there were few who foresaw the events that would occur during the last forty years, when one of the greatest empires in history disintegrated and the constituent parts reappeared as some forty independent countries on the map of the world.KeywordsCorporal PunishmentLegal EducationCommonwealth FundCommonwealth CountryJudicial OrganisationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Role of Organic and BioFertilizers on Yield and Quality of Sunflower Helianthus annuus L

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

"A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad / Jadrya during the spring Season 2019 , to investigate the role of organic and Bio fertilizers on , yield and quality of sunflower crop , Aqmar variety .Using randomized replicates within a factorial experiment order was used . The Experiment included two factors , the first was represented spraing of organic matter ( Bilirubin ) by three concentration 1 , 2 and 3 ml L-1 in addition to the treatment of control ( without spraying ) , the second was represented foliar spray of the dry yeast at the three concentrations 1 , 2 and 3 gm L-1 in addition to the treatment of control (without spraying ) . All treatment were conducted in two stages , first at the stage of four leaves ( for 75% of the total plants ) , the second at the beginning of the emergence of flowering buds floral . The results Showed: Sprayin Bilirubin affected significantly on all yield and quality studied traits.. The plants which sprayed with 3 ml L-1 from bilirubin were recorded the highest of head diameter , percentage of fertility , number of seeds in head , weight of 1000 seed , and total yield seed an increasing 12.17% , 1.8% , 18.58% , 12.01% ,and 32.33% comparison and without significant differences with 2 ml L-1 concentrations .While the plants were spryed with 2 ml L-1 concentration from bilirubin was Superior in oil percentage in seed.The traits of yield and quality studied significantly increased with increase of yeast concentration , the highest of average at 3gm L-1 without signifeant difference with concentration 2 gm L-1 on the most of traits except weight of 1000 seed, 2 gm L-1 was superior average for total seed yield ,and oil percentage at spranig with 3 gm L-1 from yeast was 8.751 M gm ha-1 , and 44.88% respectiveiy comparsion with control treatment which recorded the lowest average for this traits 6.122 M gm ha-1 , 42.04% and 2.581 Mg ha-1 respectively . The interaction between the two factors was significantly in most studied yield traits except percentage fertility, number of seed in head."