jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cold comfort : my love affair with the Arctic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Rowley documents an era of arctic exploration of which little has been written and which is fast passing from living memory. He captures the traditional way of life in the North before the dramatic changes of the last half century. A member of the last expedition in the Canadian North to depend on traditional techniques, Rowley recounts how they lived as the Inuit did and travelled by dogsled over unexplored land. He describes the isolation, the extraordinary vicissitudes of travel in a sometimes savage environment, and the generosity and kindness of the Inuit. Apart from completing the map of Baffin Island's coastline and finding new islands, Rowley excavated the first pure Dorset site near Igloolik, establishing the Dorset culture beyond doubt. The carvings and artifacts found there, illustrations of which are included in this book, remain among the best and most beautiful that have been recovered. Based on his own diary and the diaries of other members of the expedition, Rowley's captivating story presents the perceptions of a young man faced with a completely alien, yet fascinating, environment and culture. A true and often exciting tale of discovery, Cold Comfort will appeal to a wide audience as well as to those concerned with the Arctic in general. It is an invaluable source for those who specialize in the archaeology, anthropology, geography, and history of northern Canada.
A New Algorithm to Quantify the Productivity of Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Gas Wells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is considered as a solution to low-productivity wells when the reservoir properties are not good enough to produce oil or gas naturally. The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) is the most common method used to evaluate well productivity. Many models have been introduced to estimate the IPR for horizontal wells. However, a significant error will result when they are applied for fractured horizontal wells. This work introduces a new IPR model to estimate gas production rates from multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal gas wells at different well pressures. A single-horizontal-well simulation model was built to generate the production data, and several scenarios were created by changing different parameters, such reservoir permeability anisotropy and fracture properties (fracture dimensions, conductivity, and the number of fractures) to determine the parameters that significantly affect gas production rates from such wells. After the effective parameters were determined, 70% of the resultant data was used to develop the new IPR model using nonlinear regression techniques, while 30% of the data was used for testing. Afterward, a statistical study was performed to evaluate the proposed model to ensure its accuracy in estimating gas production rates using different statistical means, such as R-squared, mean percentage error, variance, and standard deviation. The term dimensionless conductivity was introduced to simplify the model. This term is a combination of reservoir permeability, fracture half-length, and fracture conductivity. The gas production rate was found to be a strong function of the ratio between vertical and horizontal permeability, the number of fractures, and fracture conductivity, while the height of the fracture and the half-length had no significant effect on the dimensionless IPR curve. The new model showed an excellent performance in estimating gas production rates for hydraulically fractured horizontal wells with a mean percentage error of 3.06% and R-squared of 0.9966. This study introduced a new simple and reliable IPR model that accurately estimates the gas production rates from multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal gas wells at different flowing bottom-hole pressures.
Network reconstruction reveals new links between aging and calorie restriction in yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aging affects all known organisms and has been studied extensively. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood, possibly due to the multiscale complexity involved in this process: the aging of multicellular organisms depends on the aging of their cells, which depends on molecular events occurring in each cell. However, the aging of unicellular populations seeded in new niches and the aging of metazoans are surprisingly similar, indicating that the multiscale aspects of aging may have been conserved since the beginnings of cellular life on Earth. This underlines the importance of aging research in unicellular organisms such as a recent study by Lorenz et al., [(2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 1145-1150]. In their paper, the authors combine computational network identification with extensive experimentation and literature mining to discover and validate numerous regulatory interactions among ten genes involved in the cellular response to glucose starvation. Since low levels of glucose (calorie restriction) have been known to extend the longevity of various eukaryotes, the authors test the effect of Snf1 kinase overexpression on chronological aging and discover that this key regulator of glucose repression and two of its newly discovered synergistic repressors significantly affect the chronological lifespan of baker's yeast.
Cutting Away from the Power Grid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cutting Away From the Power GridOne of the course objectives for the junior-level Thermodynamics course being taught to ourmechanical engineering (ME) majors is “students will analyze engineering systems to evaluatetheir thermodynamic designs”. The Rankine Cycle and its application to power plants werestudied intensely. Students were provided with the results of the campus Energy Usage andEmissions Inventory. Some key data which they noted was (1) 74% of the campus energy usagewas electricity purchased from the local distributor (2007), (2) roughly 90% of the campusenergy usage over the past 10 years was attributed to either purchased electricity or purchasednatural gas, and (3) while the student body has grown a modest 8% over the past 10 years, thedollar amount of the energy purchased by the university has risen 50% over that same 10-yearperiod.Students were then placed onto teams and assigned one of three zero-emissions alternativeenergy sources (hydrogen, wind, or solar) for which they developed a Partial Replacement ofEnergy Supply plan. Student teams were required to identify the campus electricity supplier’senergy source, the university’s cost of purchasing the electricity, and the carbon output resultingfrom the electricity purchased by the campus. Their task was to identify an existing commercialpower generating unit, determine its cost of purchase per kW of output, and perform a life-cycleanalysis in order to compute total cost to the university over a 10-year period for implementingtheir plan.Though Congress has yet to finalize “Cap-and-Trade” legislation, students were asked tocompute the cost savings to the university for a “carbon credit” of $1 per ton of CO2 saved. Thestudent teams then developed conclusions as to the viability of their proposals. They freelyexpressed their feelings about the relative importance of “carbon neutrality” versus their personaleducational expenses.
Homograph processing in Shona: A preliminary exploration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores how non-tone marking in Shona orthography results in ambiguous lexical items. It further investigates how this non-tone marking may result in processing difficulties for speakers when reading in single word contexts. The focus is on how the speaker arrives at the correct reading in view of multiple readings and meanings. This preliminary study explores what non-tone marking may cost in terms of cognitive resources when reading in single word contexts. Three models are discussed to give an insight into how single Shona word processing, which is highly ambiguous without tone marking, could be made as efficient as possible. The analysis and discussion of the article is based on the Exhaustive, Integration and the Selective accounts to explore how the readers deal with the potential processing and reading difficulties when they encounter these highly ambiguous lexical items.
Text Graph Ontology. A Semantic Web approach to represent genetic scholarly editions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Text genetic editions are enjoying sustained popularity in the fields of scholarly editions and literary studies. Representatives of recent research history are the Faust Edition (Bohnenkamp et al. 2016) or the Edition of the works of Arthur Schnitzler (Burch et al. 2016), both of which aim at a complete re-production of the text genesis. Genetic editions require the reconstruction of complex text genetic processes. Which sequence of tokens forms a specific text state? The extension of the model of the Text Encoding Initiative [TEI] by elements required for genetic editions was the subject of a working group that presented its results in a draft (Burnard et al. 2010). Parts of this draft have been incorporated into the TEI guidelines. With the TEI model complex genetic editions can be realized. However, the underlying structure of the hierarchical graph makes it difficult to reconstruct and compare text gradients, i.e. the evolutionary stages of a text. The reconstruction of a particular text state can be described as a path through the text. A flexible model of text as graph can support working with genetic text editions beyond strictly hierarchical graphs. The model makes it possible to describe the relations between tokens and their relative de-pendencies in text genesis. In addition the Text-Graph-Ontology enables the indexing of genetic text editions via the Semantic Web. In addition to this ontology, a converter from and to TEI-XML and a web-based viewer and editor will be presented. Semantic Web technologies enable easy annotating and linking the scholarly genetic edition other resources.
Behavior problems in blind children and youth: A prevalence study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1979) was completed by classroom teachers for 104 children and youth (64 boys and 40 girls) at a state residential school for the blind to determine the prevalence of problem behavior. Results were compared to earlier studies of behavior problems of nonhandicapped children and of two groups of hearing-impaired children, one living at home and attending a community program and a second group attending a state residential school. Results were more similar to those obtained with the hearing-impaired children in the residential setting than to either the nonhandicapped or the hearing-impaired living at home. Comparisons by sex failed to find statistically significant differences.
Combined free and forced convection flow past a vertial porous plate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Local similarity solutions of the forced and free convection flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate have been obtained numerically. Velocity and temperature profiles are shown for air (Pr = 0.72) and for different values of Gr (Gr > 0, cooling of the plate and Gr<0, heating of the plate) (Grashof number), E (Eckert number) and fw (fw>0, suction, fw <0, injection). the effects of these parameters are discussed.
OP14.15: The effects of the maternal hyperoxygenation test on twin pregnancies with one intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To compare the effects of maternal hyperoxygenation on the Doppler waveforms in twin pregnancies where one fetus has IUGR and absent or reversed end diastolic flow (ARED) in room air. Women with monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies with one IUGR fetus with ARED in room air between 2006 and 2008 who were hospitalized after 24 weeks gestation for close surveillance and bed rest were included in the study. All fetuses had structurally normal hearts. None had evidence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Measurements of Doppler flow pattern in middle cerebral artery (MCA), free loop of umbilical artery (FLUA) and ductus venosus (DV) were made in room air and then after breathing 60% oxygen by face mask for twenty minutes. Seven twin pregnancies were included. The normal co- twin in each case had normal Doppler waveforms in room air and oxygen. All seven IUGR fetuses had ARED in room air and dilated DV size. In five patients, the FLUA normalized (PI < 1.75) after breathing 60% oxygen (mean PI = 3.21 in room air versus mean PI = 1.65 in oxygen). These five patients who had positive change with oxygen delivered an average of 5 weeks (range 3–14 weeks) after hospitalization. The other two patients who had no change in FLUA with oxygen and had abnormal MCA and DV in room air were delivered for obstetric indications within one day of the test. Maternal hyperoxygenation may be associated with normalization of the FLUA in fetuses with ARED after 24 weeks of gestation. A positive maternal hyperoxygenation test can select IUGR fetuses who have an abnormal FLUA in room air with a better prognosis and may be useful in postponing delivery in these fetuses with ARED.
Gold(III) Dithiocarbamate Derivatives for the Treatment of Cancer:  Solution Chemistry, DNA Binding, and Hemolytic Properties

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Gold(III) compounds are emerging as a new class of metal complexes with outstanding cytotoxic properties and are presently being evaluated as potential antitumor agents. We report here on the solution and electrochemical properties, and the biological behavior of some gold(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives which have been recently proved to be one to 4 orders of magnitude more cytotoxic in vitro than the reference drug (cisplatin) and to be able to overcome to a large extent both intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin itself. Their solution properties have been monitored in order to study their stability under physiological conditions; remarkably, they have shown to undergo complete hydrolysis within 1 h, the metal center remaining in the +3 oxidation state. Their DNA binding properties and ability in hemolyzing red blood cells have been also evaluated. These gold(III) complexes show high reactivity toward some biologically important isolated macromolecules, resulting in a dramatic inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis and inducing DNA lesions with a faster kinetics than cisplatin. Nevertheless, they also induce a strong and fast hemolytic effect (compared to cisplatin), suggesting that intracellular DNA might not represent their primary or exclusive biological target.
Immunohistochemistry for Apo D and amount of Apo D protein in some nuclei along different decades.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>A, B) Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DX). C,D) Nucleus of solitary tractis (NST). E, F) Inferior olivary nucleus (IO). Data presented as means of relative optical density (ROD). Each point in the graph represents mean density in a x20 field ±standar error of the mean. Regresion lines and Pearson`s correlation coefficient (r) are also shown. Bar: 40 μm.</p>
A formula for indirect gravimetry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA formula for indirect gravimetryB. A. Fiekers Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 11, 575Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1956Published inissue 1 November 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ed033p575RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
THE DUAL ROLE OF FLORAL TRAITS: POLLINATOR ATTRACTION AND PLANT DEFENSE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants are under siege from a diversity of enemies that consume both leaf and floral parts. Plants resist damage to leaves in a variety of ways, and we now have a rich literature documenting how plants defend themselves against herbivore attack. In contrast, the mechanisms by which plants resist enemies that consume floral parts or resources are much less known, even though damage to floral tissue usually has tighter links to plant fitness than damage to leaf tissue. Many plants experience nectar robbing, whereby floral visitors remove nectar from flowers, often without pollinating. Nectar robbers can reduce plant fitness to degrees comparable to, or even surpassing, reduction by herbivores. However, because nectar attracts both pollinators and nectar robbers, plants face a dilemma in defending against nectar robbers without also deterring pollinators. Here, we extend the conceptual framework of resistance to herbivores to include resistance to nectar robbers, focusing on nectar traits. We review published data and find that an array of nectar traits may deter robbers without deterring pollinators. Although resistance traits against robbers have been broadly identified, the costs and benefits of these traits in terms of plant fitness remain poorly understood. We present data showing that a nectar trait (dilute nectar) might directly, as well as indirectly, benefit plant fitness by deterring nectar-robbing bumble bees of Ipomopsis aggregata without deterring hummingbird pollinators. However, the magnitude of any plant fitness benefit will depend on the degree to which plants are pollen- vs. resource-limited in a given year. The results of our work offer both conceptual and empirical insight into how plants cope with attack by nonpollinating floral visitors through a relatively unexplored trait, nectar.
Shoots Regeneration of Cotyledon Node from Soybean Immature Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Immature seed cotyledons nodes of Jidou 12 and Zhonghuang 13 were used as explants to research the effect of 6-BA concentration,time of obtaining materials and degree of seeds development on the proportion of shoots regeneration from immature seeds cotyledons nodes.The result showed that the best time of obtaining materials of Jidou 12 was 60-66 d after flowering,the optimal concentration of 6-BA in multiple shoots induction medium was 1.0-1.5 mg·L-1,and the proportion of shoots reached 96.67%-100%.The best time of obtaining materials of Zhonghuang 13 was 49-65 d after flowering,the optimal concentration of 6-BA in multiple shoots induction medium was 1.5 mg·L-1,and the proportion of shoots reached 93.33%-100%.Proportion of shoots by immature seeds cotyledons nodes were higher than mature seeds cotyledons nodes by 4%and 10%for Jidou 12 and Zhonghuang 13,respectively.
Determination of harpagide and harpagoside contents in Scrophularia ningpoensis from 15 origins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of harpagide and harpagoside content in Scrophularia ningpoensis (SN). Methods An Eclipse C18 column was used for determination of methanol extract of S. ningpoensis with a HPLC-PDA method and mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.03% phosphate solution in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelengths were 210 nm and 280 nm. Results Harpagide and harpagoside contents in SN showed good linear relationships within 0.1020-0.5100 mg/ml (r=0.9999) and 0.0340-0.1700 mg/ml (r=0.9999). Their average recovery rates were 97.44% and 97.08%.The RSDs were 0.93% and 1.24%.. There were significant differences in the contents of harpagide and harpagoside in SN from 15 origins (P Conclusion This method is stable, accurate and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of SN.
Quantifier comprehension in Brazilian Portuguese and the extra-object visual effect

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Universal quantifiers are complex for children to comprehend, and over-exhaustive errors can occur even with adults in sentence-picture verification tasks. This paper addresses visual design factors that may explain these difficulties. We examine what we call the “single extra object attraction hypothesis” (SEOH), according to which the visual prominence of a uniquely unpaired extra object compromises attentional resources during these tasks. We manipulated the type of extra-object – single or double – in an eye-tracking experiment with adult speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Contrary to the SEOH prediction, double objects gave rise to earlier and longer fixations than single objects. There was no difference in accuracy. We discuss the implications of these results for developmental research.
Safe use of pesticide in rice-fish culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Results of the study on the relative safety of nine different pesticides: Diazinon 40% EC, Diazinon 10 G, Elsan 50% EC, Sumithion 50% EC, Furadan 3 G, Padan 50% SP, Kitazin 48% EC, Kitasin 17% G and EPN 45% EC for various fish species: Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, Oreochromis mossambicus, Channa punctata, Clarias batrachus and Anabas testudineus used in rice-fish culture are presented and discussed.
Changes in digital cast measurements related with two types of rapid maxillary expanders, tooth-borne versus hybrid one

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study compared digital study casts from tooth-borne and hybrid Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) using 3D virtual models scanned with a 3Shape laser scanner. Methods: A total of thirty patients with narrow maxilla were distributed into two equal groups using sequential randomization. The hybrid hyrax group (11 females and 4 males) had a mean age of 14.5 years, whereas the conventional hyrax group (10 females and 5 males) had a mean age of 13.96 years. Cone beam computed tomography and orthodontic casts were obtained before expansion and six months after the last activation. Eight parameters were measured, and the data was analyzed. Results: A paired t-test was used to evaluate the mean differences between pre-expansion and post-expansion measurements. Interdental distance (IDD) and rotations at first molar and premolars showed a statistically significant increase post-treatment compared to preoperative values, whereas arch depth and incisor inclination showed a statistically significant decrease. Furthermore, group B had statistically significant higher postoperative values and a greater IDD change (P≤0.05). Conclusion: RME with hybrid hyrax achieved skeletal effects and broaden the arch with only a slight increase in IDD compared to traditional RME. Regardless of the appliance, arch depth may be decreased following RME.