jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hand Arteriography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Little interest has been shown in the type and extent of the vascular changes occurring in arthritic and collagen conditions involving the hand. A review of the literature revealed scattered reports of studies, most of which were incomplete (1, 2). This may be due in part to the many technical factors involved, but in the last few years there has been considerable improvement in contrast media, automatic injectors, automatic cassette changers, vascular needles, and catheters. The present study was undertaken in an effort to increase our understanding of the extent and type of these vascular changes. Method A special 16- or 17-gauge vascular needle is inserted percutaneously into the brachial artery 1 cm above the epicondyles of the humerus in the antecubital fossa (3). Here the artery is superficial and is fixed by the lacertus fascia. The needle maybe directed toward the shoulder or the hand; because of convenience the majority of our needles were directed toward the shoulder. Because of a small brachial artery, percutaneous puncture of the axillary artery was carried out in a few patients holding the hand behind the head. In others direct puncture of the radial artery was undertaken. A 20-in. autoclavable connecting catheter joined the needle to the automatic pressure injector. A blood pressure cuff may be applied to the area above the injection during instillation, but this is thought to result in spasm of the vessels distal to the site of occlusion. Partial occlusion of the brachial artery for ten minutes will produce a reactive hyperemia which is of importance, particularly in the examination of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. The vasodilatation after the first injection of the contrast material can also be taken advantage of. The elbow was kept extended from the side at an angle of 45 degrees. The majority of the patients received 75–100 mg Demerol and 1/150 gr of atropine prior to arteriography. Twenty to thirty cubic centimeters of meglumine iothalamate 60 per cent (Conray) was injected, using 10 to 15 pounds-per-square-inch gauge pressure with the Marshall automatic pressure injector or by rapid hand injection. A 28 per cent iodine solution was felt to produce a satisfactory scale of contrast for the hand with fewer side-effects. It was also noted that the methylglucamine salts produced less burning during injection than the sodium salts. A Sanchez-Perez cassette-changer with a fixed grid or an Elema roll-film unit was employed. Later in the study cineangiography was performed to compare the methods. Film exposure should be started at the end of the injection and continued over a period of at least twenty seconds. The usual rate was 1 film per second and in some cases 2 films per second. Variation was considerable in the rate of filling of the digital arteries from patient to patient, in the anatomical formation of the superficial and deep palmar arch, and in the size of the radial and ulnar arteries.
The performance of first generation Of domesticated javaean barb (Systomus orphoides) fry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The existence of native fish in Indonesian waters, especially in West Java, is under threat due to environmental damage. The domestication of javaean barb ( Systomus orphoides ) is directed to save the existence of this species and provide economic benefits for the aquaculture community. This study aims were to obtain information about the potential production of larvae and fry of javaean barb that was reared in ex-situ. The parameters observed were fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, the survival rate of larvae, fry growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and fry survival rate. The results showed that javaean barb could be spawned ex-situ through induce breeding techniques. Fecundity was 96 632 ± 24 012 eggs/fish with a fertilization rate of 98.3 ± 1.50% and a hatching rate of 64.5 ± 27.10%. The survival rate of 3 days old larvae was 85.2 ± 7.50%. The growth rate of javaean barb fry was positive allometric. The weight-specific growth rate was 4.9 ± 0.22 % with an FCR of 1.7 ± 0.28 and survival rate of 89.3 ± 4.16%. The success of ex situ javaean barb seedling production opens opportunities for developing this species cultivation in the future.
Social perception of ecosystem management in Québec's black spruce forest : can large harvests emulating fire be acceptable to forest users, stakeholders and the uninformed public ?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Comme ailleurs en Amérique du Nord, le Québec a pris le virage de l’aménagement forestier écosystémique, basé sur l’émulation des perturbations naturelles afin de diminuer l’impact de la récolte forestière sur les écosystèmes. En imitant les perturbations naturelles en sévérité, fréquence et répartition spatiale, l’aménagement écosystémique vise à garder l’écosystème forestier à l’intérieur de ses limites de variabilité naturelle. Dans la pessière noire à mousses, la principale perturbation naturelle étant le feu, l’aménagement écosystémique pour cet écosystème implique la réalisation de très grandes coupes de type totale. Toutefois, cette forme particulière d’aménagement écosystémique pourrait rencontrer des défis d’acceptabilité sociale en raison de la taille et du type des coupes en résultant puisque les grandes coupes à blanc sont très mal perçues par la population. Afin d’assurer la réussite de l’aménagement écosystémique pour cet écosystème et de répondre aux exigences de l’aménagement forestier durable, il importe d’en documenter l’acceptabilité sociale et au besoin, de le moduler afin de répondre aux valeurs de la population. Ce projet de recherche investigue la perception de l’aménagement écosystémique de la pessière noire qu’ont les utilisateurs du milieu forestier, les parties prenantes impliquées dans un processus de participation à la planification forestière et de gens non affiliés, de type grand public. Dans un premier temps, pour chacun de ces groupes, l’acceptabilité des paysages résultant de possibles traitements sylvicoles écosystémiques est documentée, sur le plan visuel à l’aide d’un sondage. Il en ressort que certains traitements de rétention variable atténuent efficacement les impacts visuels des agglomérations de coupes dans le moyen plan. Dans un deuxième temps, l’acceptabilité de la stratégie est explorée auprès des parties prenantes au processus de participation via des entretiens individuels. La stratégie s’est révélée assez accepta le, surtout en comparaison des options actuelles, quoique des modulations semblent nécessaires pour les territoires fauniques structurés. Finalement, la perception de la stratégie par des répondants de type grand public est investiguée au moyen de groupes de discussion. Les résultats démontrent que les répondants se sont appropriés les bases de l’aménagement écosystémique et ont identifié des balises afin de construire l’acceptabilité sociale de la stratégie en pessière.
Visuo-Motor Integration in Split-Brain Cats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chiasm- and callosum-sectioned (split-brain) cats and controls were trained to displace the correct one of two different objects, using each forelimb half the time. During this discrimination training, vision was restricted to one eye, thus confining visual input and learning to a single hemisphere in the split-brain animals. It was found that either forelimb could be used about equally well by all the animals.
Isometric deformations of minimal surfaces in $S^{4}$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the isometric deformation problem for oriented non simply connected immersed minimal surfaces $f:M \to S^{4}$. We prove that the space of all isometric minimal immersions of $M$ into $S^{4}$ with the same normal curvature function is, within congruences, either finite or a circle. Furthermore, we show that for any compact immersed minimal surface in $S^{4}$ with nontrivial normal bundle there are at most finitely many noncongruent immersed minimal surfaces in $S^{4}$ isometric to it with the same normal curvature function.
Clinical evaluation: constructing a new model for post‐normal medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The current paradigm in medicine is served by an explanatory model based on scientific positivism. We argue that there are inherent weaknesses in this model: its basis on reductionism, its reliance on linear thinking and its failure to incorporate human values invite a revision of our thinking about knowledge in medicine. We propose that a fresh explanatory model should be based on complexity theory, and argue that this better suits the new era of post‐normal medicine, where analytical and predictive power are obtained by stepping back and looking at the relationships and overall context of a system rather than forcing reality into a preferred disciplinary framework. Better at times to be vaguely right, we argue, rather than precisely wrong.
Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate and Its Relation to Serum Calcium Level in Advanced Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The progression of CKD occurs in five different stages in which there are gradual changes of GFR, serum creatinine and serum calcium.Objective: The study was undertaken to determine GFR in advanced stages of CKD and its relation with s. creatinine and s. calcium and also to find out the correlation between s. creatinine and s. calcium.Methodology: This study was carried out in the departments of Physiology and Nephrology, Rajshahi Medical College. All the advanced stage chronic kidney disease patients were taken as comparison. Apparently healthy persons were taken as control. Serum Creatinine was measured by alkaline picrate method; estimation of GFR was done by using Cockcroft- Gault formula and serum calcium was performed by analyzer.Result: In this study a total number of 120 subjects were included, out of which 30 were healthy control and 90 were diagnosed cases of advanced stages of CKD. Among the patients, 55 (61.12%) were male and 35 (38.88%) were female. Mean age (±SD) of the patients were 45 ± 11.16 (Range 20-65 years). While comparing between groups of CKD patients, it was found that s. creatinine of control group was significantly lower than that of group 1. Again s. creatinine of Group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 and similarly, s. creatinine of group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 3. On the other hand, s. calcium of control group was significantly higher than group 1, likewise s. calcium of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2 and s. calcium of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 3.Conclusion: From this study the inference could be drawn that serum calcium had a positive correlation with GFR and a negative correlation with s. creatinine.J. Natl Inst. Neurosci Bangladesh 2015;1(1):15-17
The prevalence of fascial defects at prior stoma sites in patients with colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Stoma reversal sites are a common location for incisional hernias. We aim to evaluate fascial defects at previous stoma sites in patients with a history of colorectal cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study from a single center. We included adult patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, who underwent stoma reversal from 2011 to 2018 with at least one postoperative computed tomography scan. RESULTS: Of 92 patients, 40 (43%) were female, with a mean age of 58 years. Fascial defects were noted in 45 (49%) patients, with stoma-site hernias present in 24 (26%) patients. Posterior sheath defects were not associated with subsequent hernia development, and most hernias occurred within 2 years. Body mass index >30 was associated with increased risk of stoma-site hernia (odds ratio 11.9, P = 0.002), but smoking, hypertension, stoma type, pathologic stage, and chemotherapy within 90 days were not found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of stoma-site hernias is high. Obesity appears to be a significant risk factor for the development of these hernias and most hernias occur quickly following surgery.
Validation of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-24, Chinese version

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS) is a validated English questionnaire to evaluate the severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). We aimed to develop a Chinese version of WURSS-24 (WURSS-24-C) and evaluate its reliability, validity and minimal important difference (MID). Methods The WURSS-24 was translated into Mandarin Chinese using the forward-backward translation procedure. People with Jackson-defined common cold symptoms within 48 hours of onset were recruited in Guangzhou, China, and followed for up to 14 days. The SF-8 (24 hours recall) assessing general mental and physical health was used as external comparator. Reliability, validity, and MID were evaluated. Results The WURSS-24-C was developed and found to be acceptable, relevant, and easy to complete in cognitive debriefing interviews. A total number of 300 participants (age 28.4±9.3, female 70%) were monitored for 2,500 person-days. Factor analysis: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggested 4 domains, defined as activity and function, systemic symptoms, nasal symptoms, and throat symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported this 4-domain model with a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.93. Reliability assessment of the 4-domain-structure found Cronbach’s alphas of 0.943, 0.859, 0.882 and 0.849, respectively. Convergent validity indicator: The Pearson correlation coefficients between daily WURSS-24-C and the SF-8 were -0.780 and -0.721, for the SF-8 physical and mental health respectively. Estimates of MID for individual items varied from -0.41 to -1.14. Conclusion The WURSS-24-C is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing illness-specific quality-of-life health status in Chinese speaking patients with URTIs.
Nickel-Catalyzed 1,2-Diarylation of Simple Alkenyl Amides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A nickel-catalyzed conjunctive cross-coupling of simple alkenyl amides with aryl iodides and aryl boronic esters is reported. The reaction is enabled by an electron-deficient olefin (EDO) ligand, dimethyl fumarate, and delivers the desired 1,2-diarylated products with excellent regiocontrol. Under optimized conditions, a wide range of amides derived from 3-butenoic acid, 4-pentenoic acid, and allyl amine are compatible substrates. This method represents the first example of regiocontrolled 1,2-diarylation directed by a native amide functional group. Computational analysis sheds light on the potential substrate binding mode and the role of the EDO ligand in the reductive elimination step.
PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION AND EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE NON-DESLIMED NON-CLASSIFIED GRAVITY-FED HM CYCLONE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Coal preparation plants are required in some cases to produce a high-grade product using a low specific gravity cut-point. For these situations, a second higher gravity separation would be desirable to generate a mid-grade product that can be utilized for electricity generation thereby maximizing coal recovery. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of achieving efficient separations at two different density cut-points in a single stage using a three-product dense medium cyclone. Variations in density cut-point and process efficiency values were quantified as a function of the feed medium density, feed medium-to-coal ratio, and feed pressure using a three-level experimental design program. Results indicate the ability to effectively treat coal over a particle size range from 6mm to 0.15mm while achieving both low- and high-density cut-points up to 1.95 relative density. Ash content decreased from 27.98% in the feed to an average of 7.77% in the clean coal product and 25.76% in the middlings product while sulfur content was reduced from 3.87 to 2.83% in the clean coal product. The overall combustible recovery was maintained above 90% while producing clean coal products with ash and total sulfur content as low as 5.85 and 2.68%, respectively. Organic efficiency values were consistently about 95% and probable error values were in the range of 0.03 to 0.05, which indicates the ability to provide a separation performance equivalent to or better than traditional coal cleaning technologies.
A review of the corona mortis with clinical and surgical applications to orthopedics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The corona mortis (crown of death) is usually considered as the anastomosis between the external iliac vessels and internal iliac vessels over the superior pubic ramus, although there is no consensus regarding its definition. It possesses a variable prevalence among different studies and its presence is of surgical significance to numerous procedures. Some of these surgeries are routinely performed by the orthopedist, thus, awareness of the corona mortis is crucial. The present work aimed to perform a comprehensive review to evaluate the prevalence of the corona mortis and to address its anatomical, surgical and clinical aspects in respect to orthopedics. It is known that iatrogenic rupture of this vessel during surgery may cause significant hemorrhage with difficulty in hemostasis. This vessel can also be the source of hemorrhage in pubic fractures, hence, when evaluating pubic fractures one must check the presence of bleeding and its source. Thus, the orthopedist must remember this vessel during procedures such as osteotomies and whilst using accesses such as the ilioinguinal and modified Stoppa.
Variational study of s-shell lambda hypernuclear system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical study on hypernuclear systems is important to know the nature of hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interaction as only hypernuclear systems give the scope of knowing these interactions. A hypernucleus, in addition to the nucleons contains at least one hyperon which is a strange particle composed of quarks. A hypernucleus is produced mostly in heavy ion collisions and it undergoes weak decay. Experimental detection of hypernuclear events are rare and this makes the study of hypernuclear physics more challenging. Hypernuclear physics has a close association with astrophysics as hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions are found to play important role in the interiors of neutron stars. The core of neutron stars contains strange quark matter and therefore, study of hyperon involved potentials are essential for the determination of the composition of neutron star matter. But, there is a scarcity of data from hyperon-nucleon scattering experiments. Also, since it is impossibe to have hyperon-hyperon scattering experiments, the direct determination of the baryon-baryon interaction strength is extremely difficult. Therefore theoretical models play important role in unfolding the mysteries of hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interaction. In this study, binding energies of hypernuclear systems calculated using different two-body lambda-nucleon and three-body lambda-nucleon-nucleon interactions have been analysed. Also effect of lambda-lambda potential on the binding energy of hypernuclear system have been analysed. In this few-body study, we have employed Variational Monte Carlo technique for calculation of the binding energies of different hyperclear systems.
Career–family strategies and spatial mobility among South Korean women scholars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the mobility of female South Korean scholars and their career–family strategies for negotiating their relationships. Despite the importance of the relations and social capital of workers, previous studies on the mobility of highly skilled professionals have overlooked their social and personal relationships. South Korean women scholars consider not only career opportunities but also familial relations in the process of migration decision-making. To negotiate their relationships, they adopt strategies to build and maintain their relations at various geographic levels. Their strategies for making networks are complex and vary according to career, personal and familial goals.
In opposition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The crisis in British theatre in the 1980s, precipitated by a withdrawal of state funding for and a lack of investment in the arts, a failure of the political Left, and a loss of confidence in theatre as a political arena, resulted not in conspicuous critical resistance to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's market economy by British playwrights but a nervous retreat from mainstream politics and the 'State of the Nation' play. The tradition of epic dramas which dissected the condition of Britain, so prevalent in the 1970s, was subdued in a theatre either too timid or too financially insecure to challenge the prevailing climate. At the same time, the political shift to the Right and the enterprise economy produced a theatre audience less interested in 'committed dramas' than in theatrical spectacle. As Michael Billington commented, 'What I missed in 1986 were plays that addressed themselves to the particular spirit of our times: most especially, the privatising greed . . . It is almost as if the present is too vile or daunting to be properly encompassed.'
Return of the lysergamides. Part III: Analytical characterization of N6‐ethyl‐6‐norlysergic acid diethylamide (ETH‐LAD) and 1‐propionyl ETH‐LAD (1P–ETH‐LAD)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The psychoactive properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have fascinated scientists across disciplines and the exploration of other analogues and derivatives has been motivated by deepening the understanding of ligand‐receptor interactions at the molecular level as well as by the search for new therapeutics. Several LSD congeners have appeared on the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market in the form of blotters or powders. Examples include 1‐propionyl‐LSD (1P–LSD), AL‐LAD, and LSZ. The absence of analytical data for novel compounds is a frequent challenge encountered in clinical and toxicological investigations. Two newly emerging lysergamides, namely N 6 ‐ethyl‐6‐norlysergic acid diethylamide (ETH‐LAD) and 1P–ETH‐LAD, were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), low and high mass accuracy electrospray MS(/MS), GC solid‐state infrared analysis, high performance liquid chromatography diode array detection as well as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Limited analytical data for ETH‐LAD were previously available, whereas information about 1P–ETH‐LAD has not previously been encountered in the scientific literature. This study extends the characterization of lysergamides distributed on the NPS market, which will help to make analytical data available to clinicians, toxicologists, and other stakeholders who are likely to encounter these substances. The analysis of a test incubation of 1P–ETH‐LAD with human serum at 37°C by LC single quadrupole MS at various time points (0–6 h, once per hour and one measurement after 24 h) revealed the formation of ETH‐LAD, suggesting that 1P–ETH‐LAD might serve as a pro‐drug. 1P–ETH‐LAD was still detectable in serum after 24 h. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Eighth Ukrainian Conference on Space Research

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the range of September 1−7, 2008 the National Center of Control and Test of Space Facilities located not far from the town of Evpatoria held the Eighth Ukrainian conference on space research. The conference organizers were the Institute of Space Research of National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine and National Space Agency (NSA) of Ukraine, the National Center of Control and Test of Space Facilities of NSA of Ukraine by decision and under support of NSA of Ukraine.