jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An imaging technique for subsurface faults using Teleseismic-Wave Records II—Improvement in the detectability of subsurface faults—

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We have developed an imaging algorithm for subsurface faults on the basis of the steepest descent method in our previous paper. In this paper we introduce two new techniques, the multi-event stacking and multi-master stacking, to improve detectability for subsurface faults. The multi-event stacking is a technique using data from plural earthquakes with different incident angles. The multi-master stacking is a technique using data of a single earthquake, in which the images obtained by employing different master receiver are stacked. We examined the feasibility of our approach using several trial models and synthetic data with different signal to noise ratios, different pulse durations and different incident angles in the two dimensional SH cases. In the numerical experiments, we could recover the image of the subsurface fault for all the trial models used, which indicates our method has a potential for sensing real subsurface faults.
Additional file 4 of Polygenic risk score of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease amplifies the health impact on severe liver disease and metabolism-related outcomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Material 4: Fig. S4. Comparison of GWAS and PRS results between MASLD and NAFLD. (A) The intersection of significant SNPs associated with MASLD and published SNPs associated with NAFLD. (B) Comparison of MASLD and NAFLD-related genes. (C) and (D) ROC graphical plot the diagnostic ability of different sources of PRS for MASLD in the replication cohort. NAFLD Biopsy: the summary statistics of GWAS for NAFLD diagnosed with biopsy; NAFLD Image: the summary statistics of GWAS for NAFLD diagnosed with image; NAFLD UKBB: Summary statistics of GWAS for NAFLD in the UKBB discovery cohort; MASLD UKBB: Summary statistics of the GWAS for MASLD in the discovery cohort of UKBB; MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; GWAS: genome-wide association study; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; UKBB: UK Biobank.
The Book of Sand

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 6, examines an Arabunna story of encounter at a lonely railway siding in South Australian deserts in around 1895. The tale of what happened when two South Asian men met two Aboriginal women at Alberrie Creek continues to circulate in Arabunna families today. I undertake a camping trip through South Australian deserts with Reg Dodd, the Chairman of the Arabunna People’s Committee, and show that these Arabunna histories of South Asians can offer glimpses of the terrain on which Arabunna historiographical traditions are inscribed.
Effects of Depressed Mood Induction on Reasoning Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The relationship between depressed mood, reasoning and perceptual performance was examined with 57 undergraduate volunteers. To intensify its effect, Velten's 1968 mood induction procedure was modified by having subjects hear a prerecording of each mood statement prior to saying it themselves. Also, midway through the experiment subjects completed an abbreviated mood induction to ensure continuation of the appropriate mood. Ratings of subjects' mood on a 13-point Likert scale before and after mood induction indicated the mood induction was effective. Subjects completed the reasoning measure of 48 syllogisms, and the perceptual measure involving identification of positive, negative, or neutral stimulus words presented tachistoscopically. “Depressed” individuals showed poorer reasoning performance of marginal significance than “elated” subjects. Mood induction did not appear to affect perceptual performance. Results are discussed in terms of the research on reasoning deficits in depression.
3-D underwater object restoration using ultrasonic transducer fabricated with PZT-polymer 3-3 type composite and neural network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the characteristics of a transducer fabricated with porous PZT-polymer composites with 3-3 connectivity are investigated and 3D underwater object restoration using the self-made ultrasonic transducer and modified SCL (Simple Competitive Learning) neural network is presented. The self-made transducer satisfied requirements of ultrasonic transducers in water, and a modified SCL neural network using the acquired object data 16/spl times/16 low-resolution image was used for underwater object restoration of 32/spl times/32 high-resolution image. The experimental results have shown that the ultrasonic transducer fabricated with porous PZT-polymer composites with 3-3 connectivity could be applied in a sonar system.
Split of pension assets by type of plan, 2020 or latest year available

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This ninth edition of Pensions at a Glance provides a range of indicators for comparing pension policies and their outcomes between OECD countries.The indicators are also, where possible, provided for the other major economies that are members of the G20.Two special chapters provide a review of the impact of COVID-19 on pensions and of recent pension reforms (Chapter 1) and an indepth analysis of automatic adjustment in pension systems (Chapter 2).
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The etiology of a leafspot disease of pearl millet in Zimbabwe was investigated using Koch’s postulates. Bipolaris sp., Exserohilum sp., and bacteria, were isolated from lesions but only bacterial isolates produced the original symptoms following inoculation of a susceptible pearl millet line, 852B. Biochemical and physiological tests, including LOPAT, indicated the bacterium was the fluorescent pseudomonad, Pseudomonas syringae . This represents the first report of P. syringae on pearl millet in Africa.
Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Crude extracts and essential oils of A. conyzoides were tested with larva and adult stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to determine their insecticidal properties. The crude extracts and essential oils came from three varieties of A. conyzoides (with white flowers, purple flowers, or white-purple flowers) and from two places on each plant (leaves and flowers), giving six types overall: leaf-white (LW); leaf-purple (LP); leaf white-purple (LW-P); flower-white (FW); flower-purple (FP); and flower white-purple (FW-P). Chemical constituents and components of the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electron microscopic and histopathological studies were performed to determine the toxicological effects on mosquitoes in terms of morphological alterations. The six types of crude extracts exhibited no activity against individuals in the larval stages. However, six types of essential oils were effective against adult Ae. aegypti females. The mortality of adult Ae. aegypti females was higher from leaf extracts, particularly LP (median lethal dose, LD50 = 0.84%). The number of chemical constituents identified by GC-MS was high in flowers, especially W-P. Precocene I was the most abundant chemical component among the five types of essential oils, except in LP, in which precocene II was the most abundant. Histopathological alterations in adult Ae. aegypti females included compound eye degeneration, muscular damage with cellular infiltration, gut epithelial degeneration and necrosis, pyknotic nuclei in the malpighian epithelium and ovarian cell degeneration. FW and FP plant types exhibited the highest severity of histopathological alterations in mosquitoes compared with other plants, probably owing to the presence of monoterpene compounds in their tissues. The present study demonstrated LP plant extracts from A. conyzoides could be effective adulticides against adult Ae. aegypti. As natural products are biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity to mammalian and non-target organisms, they are suitable candidates for use in vector control programmes.
Advances in Immunotherapy and Vaccine for Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. The incidence of prostate cancer is high in the elderly male patients, which seriously threatens the life and health. In recent years, immunotherapy to activate anti-cancer host immune cells to kill tumors has become a new area of research for the treatment of prostate cancer. As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precise treatment of malignant tumors. There are many types of prostate cancer vaccines, including monocyte vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, viral vaccines, peptide vaccines, and DNA/mRNA vaccines, etc. As the most important cancer vaccine based on monocytes, it is the only prostate cancer therapeutic vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration at present, which plays an extremely important role in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. However, due to its own limitations, SipuleucelT has not been widely adopted. Currently, the complexity of immunotherapy and the specificity of prostate cancer mean that other prostate cancer vaccines have not shown expected clinical benefits in large randomized phase II and III trials, and further in-depth studies are still needed.
Aorto-Pulmonary Window, an Unrecognized Cause of Heart Failure in Infants: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The aorto-pulmonary window is a rare congenital heart disease. It is a defect between the ascending aorta and the trunk of the pulmonary artery upstream of the pulmonary bifurcation. Once the diagnosis is made, surgery must be performed quickly to avoid progression to pulmonary arteriolitis. We report the case of a 4-month-old infant in whom we made the diagnosis of aorto-pulmonary window type I. He was able to benefit from an open heart surgery at FES with an excellent result after closing the window. Conclusion: The aorto-pulmonary window is a rare congenital heart defect, the diagnosis of which must be made as early as possible in order to avoid the progression to pulmonary hypetension and heart failure.
Are recently deglaciated areas at both poles colonised by the same bacteria?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Polar glacier forefields offer an unprecedented framework for studying community assembly processes in regions that are geographically and climatically isolated. Through amplicon sequence variant (ASV) inference, we compared the composition and structure of soil bacterial communities from glacier forefields in Iceland and Antarctica to assess overlap between communities and the impact of established cryptogamic covers on the uniqueness of their taxa. These pioneer microbial communities were found to share only 8% of ASVs and each taxonomic group's contribution to the shared ASV data subset was heterogeneous and independent of their relative abundance. Although the presence of ASVs specific to one glacier forefield and/or different cryptogam cover values confirms the existence of habitat specialist bacteria, our data show that the influence of cryptogams on the edaphic bacterial community structure also varied also depending on the taxonomic group. Hence, the establishment of distinct cryptogamic covers is probably not the only factor driving the uniqueness of bacterial communities at both poles. The structure of bacterial communities colonising deglaciated areas seems also conditioned by lineage-specific limitations in their dispersal capacity and/or their establishment and persistence in these isolated and hostile regions.
Investigating protein interactions between pollen aperture formation factors in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pollen grains, the male reproductive structures of flowering plants, are shielded by a resilient cell wall structure called exine. Apertures are areas on the pollen surface that receive limited or no exine deposition. Their patterns vary from species to species, and they play crucial roles in pollen tube emergence during pollen germination, and in hydration of the pollen grain. In Arabidopsis thaliana, three equidistant apertures form during the tetrad stage of pollen development, when future aperture sites are created in sister microspores through delivery of specific proteins and lipids to the three equidistant domains of the plasma membrane. INP1 and INP2 are the previously characterized aperture factors that are essential for aperture formation in Arabidopsis pollen and appear to be species-specific interacting partners. In this study, we investigated the interactions between INP1, INP2, and two recently discovered pollen aperture factors. Our findings will enhance the understanding of how specific domains of the plasma membrane are created in the development of pollen apertures, with broader implications for plant reproduction and development.
Prognostic value of FDG-PET in malignant lymphoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphomas have represented an indication for nuclear medicine investigations for 30 years. Gallium-67 scintigraphy has been shown to be a valuable complementary method in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma for detecting viable residual lesions after chemotherapy and for diagnosis of a relapse. Thallium-201 is of interest in differentiating cerebral lymphomas from infectious lesions in AIDS patients but less useful in extra-cerebral lymphomas. PET with fluorine-18-FDG is more accurate than 67Ga in lymphoma. In patients with a positive PET scan after chemotherapy an early relapse occurs in up to 100%, while more than 80% of patients with a negative PET will have a long-term remission. Most studies show that FDG-PET is significantly correlated with patient outcome whereas there is much weaker or even no correlation for CT. The main reason is that PET is not bound to morphological criteria like lymph node size while CT is often not able to differentiate between residual tumour and post-therapeutic fibrosis. Therefore, based on a considerable number of clinical studies, FDG-PET gains increasing significance for staging, restaging and therapy monitoring in malignant lymphomas.
Computer-assisted statistical analysis of skeletal scintigrams

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Forty-two consecutive skeletal scintigrams of the dorsal and lumbar spine have been statistically analysed using an Elliott 4120 Computer. Each patient had, in addition, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the dorsal and lumbar spine taken. All the patients have been followed up for a minimum of 18 months. In each patient the radiological, scintigraphic, and statistically analysed data have been compared and the accuracy of the results determined by the subsequent progress made by the patient. The results indicate that the computer analysis introduced both false positives and false negatives, and it is suggested that, at the moment, the computerassisted statistical analysis of the skeletal scintigram is not sufficiently reliable for clinical use.
An Analysis of Desirable Attributes for Strength and Conditioning Coaches as Perceived by Male and Female Population of Collegiate Athletes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed to suggest desirable attributes and characteristics for strength and conditioning coaches as perceived by the male and female population of collegiate athletes and statistically evaluate differences of perception between genders. Participants were 99 NCAA division I student-athletes (Male=56, Female=43) aged between 18-22 years of age, with a mean of 2.98 S&C sessions per week. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire to rank the importance of 17 research-based attributes through a 5-point Likert-type-scale. Descriptive statistics revealed that overall, “knowledgeable” and “communicative” were considered the most important attributes, whereas “overall size/muscularity” and “male gender” were the least desirable. With regards to perceived importance, attributes were ranked in the following order: knowledgeable, communicative, motivator, trustworthy, give positive feedback, approachable, organised, supportive, positive, honest, confident, role model, intense, physical fitness, sense of humour, overall size/muscularity, male gender. “Male gender” as an attribute was identified as the only significant difference in perception between genders (p = .017). The observed results are consistent with previous research that highlighted how several attributes and characteristics are important for strength and conditioning coaches. Thus, these results might foster reflection and guide personal and professional development of strength and conditioning coaches.
Effect of Radioiodine (I-131) to TSH, T3 and FT4 Hormone Levels in Hyperthyroidism High Uptake Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Thyroid hormones have an important role for the body metabolism.Hyperthyroidism is a condition when thyroid hormone increases due to abnormalities in thyroid gland.Hyperthyroidism is a second largest endocrine disease in Indonesia, some risk factors that aggravate age, gender and smoking.Radioiodine (I -131 ) is one of the effective therapies for high uptake hyperthyroidism.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine characteristics and therapeutic effect of radioiodine (I -131 ) to TSH, T3 and FT4 hormone levels hyperthyroidism high uptake patients in Nuclear Medicine Department, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia 2014-2015 periods.Materials and Methods: This study was analytic with cross sectional design.Data obtained from 234 hyperthyroid patientʼs medical records.The data was statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon test.Results: The results showed that hyperthyroidism high uptake occurred at young adult and in women patients, hyperthyroid patients had a history of taking antithyroid drugs before radioiodine therapy and radioiodine (I -131 ) therapeutic dose was mostly given 8 mCi.Hormone level of TSH had increased but T3, FT4 had decreased and FT4 hormone levels before and after therapy has significant difference (p<0.005).Conclusion: Radioiodine (I -131 ) was one of the effective therapies for high uptake hyperthyroidism patients.
Nebula-Relay Hypothesis: The Chirality of Biological Molecules in Molecular Clouds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chiral puzzle of biological molecules is thought to be closely related to the origin of life and is still a mystery so far. Previously, we proposed a new model on the origin of life, Nebula-Relay hypothesis, which assumed that the life on Earth originated at the planetary system of the Sun's predecessor star and then filled in the pre-solar nebula after its death. As primitive lives existed in the pre-solar nebula for a long time, did the chiral biomolecules form during this period? We explore such a possibility in this work and find that the ultra-low temperature environment of molecular clouds is beneficial to generating the chiral polymer chain of biological molecules.
Formation of amorphous alloys through the multilayer method in an immiscible Y - Nb system

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Amorphization was achieved by room-temperature 190 keV xenon ion mixing of multilayered films in the Y - Nb system, which has a positive enthalpy of formation exceeding . To give further insight into the singularity of the amorphization behaviour of the system, a Gibbs free-energy diagram of the system was constructed by calculating the free energies of the amorphous phase and those of the as-deposited Y - Nb multilayers, in which the interfacial free energy was estimated and added. The established diagram can explain the irradiation-induced amorphization behaviour in the Y - Nb system well.
Melatonin as a potential inhibitor of kidney cancer: A survey of the molecular processes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Studies have shown that despite the decreasing mortality rates of kidney cancer patients, its incidence is increasing. Therefore, a comprehensive re‐evaluation of treatment options is necessary to provide appropriate treatments for the increasing number of patients. Moreover, the side effects caused by surgery, which is the main treatment of this disease, may lead to higher morbidity rates. Consequently, new safer approaches must be examined and considered. Major advancements have been made in the field of targeted agents as well as treatments based on immunotherapy since renal cell carcinoma (RCC) does not respond well to chemotherapy. While the therapeutic options for this cancer are increasing, the resulting complexity of selecting the best strategy for treating the patients is daunting. Moreover, each therapeutic option must be evaluated concerning toxicity, cost, and clinical advantages. Several characteristics, which are beneficial for cancer therapies have been attributed to melatonin. For decades, investigations have explored the application of melatonin in the treatment of cancer; insufficient attention has been paid to this molecule at the clinical level. Melatonin plays a role in cancer therapy due to its anti‐tumor effects as well as by enhancing the efficacy of other drugs as an adjuvant. In this review, we discuss different roles of melatonin in the treatment of kidney cancer. The studies concerned with the applications of melatonin as an adjuvant in the immunotherapy of patients with kidney cancer are summarized. Also, we highlight the apoptotic and anti‐angiogenic effects of melatonin on renal cancer cells which are mediated by different molecules (e.g., HIF‐1 and VEGF, ADAMTS1, and MMP‐9) and signaling pathways (e.g., P56, P52, and JNK). Furthermore, we take a look into available data on melatonin's ability to reduce the toxicities caused by kidney carcinogens, including ochratoxin A, potassium bromate, and Fe‐NTA.
Subculture-centered public health communication: A social media strategy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Social media use by health practitioners helps articulate a subculture-centered approach to public health communication. This article explores public health practitioners’ communication strategies with one subculture: young (18- to 29-year-old) men who have sex with men (MSM). Interviews with staff at a public health clinic reveal the use of a variety of social media systems to engage potential MSM clients (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Grindr, and Google+). Public health communicators’ social media use reflected the esthetic, behavioral, and media preferences of a high-risk target group and the ethical risks associated with publicly viewable communication. Social media became a platform for integrated multi-channel communication that comprised both top-down (i.e. institution centric) and bottom-up (i.e. subculture centric) communication flows that work together in a complementary fashion. Ultimately, subculture-centered social media use in this setting helps minimize cultural barriers between members of a public health subculture and the institutions that provide critical care.