jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Steady-state master equation methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the application of the steady-state master equation (SSME) to complex unimolecular reactions. It is shown how the steady-state approximation and the Boltzmann reservoir approximation can be applied, both together or separately, to improve the efficiency and the numerical robustness of simple master equation calculations. The case of a two-well isomerization is considered in detail, and two versions of the SSME are derived for it, one of which shows very clearly and analytically the relationship between the rate coefficients and the flux coefficients. It is shown for a reversible second order recombination reaction that the second order phenomenological equation can be regained in either version of the SSME. It is also shown how, under steady state conditions, the SSME may be used to determine rate coefficients for each reaction in a multiple well scheme.
Research on Multiple Targets Pedestrian Reidentification with Night Scene Image Enhancement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pedestrian reidentification is a popular research topic in the field of computer vision in recent years, and is a technique that uses computer vision techniques to determine whether a specific pedestrian is present in an image or video. After research and experiment, we found that YOLOv3-based pedestrian reidentification in practice has the problem of low accuracy rate of recognizing pedestrian pictures taken at night and cannot recognize multiple pedestrians at one time. In this paper, we improve the above problems by introducing a picture enhancement module to improve the brightness and defogging of night pictures before recognition, and improve the practice of averaging the distance values of multiple results for the same pedestrian to enable multiple targets pedestrian recognition. The experimental results demonstrate that the average accuracy rate of recognizing pedestrian pictures taken at night has improved from 6.85% to 80%, while the average accuracy rate of multiple targets pedestrian recognition has reached 85.9%, which is competent for multiple targets pedestrian recognition tasks at night.
苜蓿根瘤菌(Rhizobium meliloti)nifA基因的异源表达及其产物的氧敏感性

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

当在土壤农杆菌、三叶草根瘤菌和紫云英根瘤菌中分别引入 Rm nifA '- lacZ 的质粒,可以测得 β -gal活力,但其活力不受微氧诱导。当带有 Rm nifA'-lacZ 的三叶草根瘤菌和紫云英根瘤菌处于共生状态, β -gal的活力也无明显提高。推测苜蓿根瘤菌 nifA 的诱导激活是受某些因子如fixLJ的专一作用。以大肠杆菌为材料在有氧和微氧下观察 nifH'-lacZ 受nifA的激活表达。 RmnifA 在有氧下不能激活 Rm nifH'-lacZ 和 KpnifH'-lacZ 的表达。同时证实 RmnifA 的mRNA在有氧下含量显著减少。
Issues and Trends in the Provision of Public Library Services in Nigeria: A Literature Survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The philosophy, orientation and nature of public library are routed in the responsibility of disseminating diverse and current information services to the members of its community. Waller and Mcshare (2008) posit two major challenges in the provision and use of public library services which are; lack of obtaining a thorough understanding of the nature of the environment which bothers majorly on information provision and use; and the development of policy frameworks that clarifies institutions goals and brings coherence to diverse and sometimes conflicting policy demands. This paper looks at issues and trends concerning some of the challenges bedeviling the provision and utilisation of public library services in Nigeria such as in-appropriate policies, lack of sufficient professionals, inadequate facilities and services and lack of awareness and proper understanding of the concept of public library services which led to non-use of the available services by potential users. Yield shift theory of satisfaction phenomena was used to explain the satisfaction phenomenon of public library services by users. Identified challenges were discussed and recommendations made towards developing a framework for improved public library services in Nigeria.
[A quantitative study of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type using single photon emission computed tomography--clinical application of the IMP autoradiographic method (IMP ARG method)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We quantitatively measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 37 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) to investigate the clinical utilities of the N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine autoradiographic method (IMP ARG method) that is a quantitative method more simplified and less invasive for IMP-SPECT developed by Iida et al. A given standard input function and a given value of distribution volume (Vd) used for the rCBF measurement of this method were calculated from the dynamic study by six normal volunteers. Mean values [SD] of rCBF (ml/ 100 g/min) in the Cerebral Cortex were 49.0 [6.0] in the controls (n = 20), 42.6 [5.9] in mild DAT group (n = 14), 36.7 [5.5] in moderate DAT group (n = 12), and 26.4 [7.5] in severe DAT group (n = 11), respectively. These values were significantly different between each neighboring group. Moreover, the correlations between the score by the Hasegawa dementia scale (HDS-R) and each rCBF were significant in the temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex. These findings suggest that the rCBF measurement in IMP-SPECT using this method is useful for the diagnosis of the clinical severity in patients with DAT.
Correlates of Dysfunctional Parenting Attitudes among Low-Income Adolescent Mothers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Various scholars have speculated that adolescent mothers are at risk for negative parenting. It was therefore the purpose of this study to assess dysfunctional attitudes of adolescent mothers through a secondary analysis of a subsample of 157 participants from a large-scale, ongoing longitudinal study. Belsky 's process model of parenting was used as a framework to assess the adolescent mothers' parental attitudes at I year postpartum. Two sets of multiple regression analyses were performed: (a) ordinary least squares regressiont was used to assess predictors of generally dysfunctional parenting attitudes as continluously measured; and (b) logistic multiple regression was used to determine predictors of risk for child abuse and neglect with the dependent measure dichotomized based on normative data. The results of multiple regression analyses supported the Belsky orderinig ofpredictors, in that personal andpsychological resources of the parent were more predictive of dysfunctionalparenting attitudes than contextual sources of stress and support, which were more effective than characteristics of the child.
I. Constitutional Aspects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Article N of the Treaty on European Union (TEU ) called for an intergovernmental conference (IGC) in 1996 to reform the articles of the Treaty for which a revision is provided. Also, it was felt that the institutional question should be addressed before the next wave of enlargement; the institutional structure which was adopted to deal with six member States could hardly be stretched further to include the Eastern European applicant States. A complete re-engineering of the institutional framework was required. Furthermore, the reform of the institutions should tend to increase democracy in the Union.
Tight Junction Protein Expression-Inducing Probiotics Alleviate TNBS-Induced Cognitive Impairment with Colitis in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A leaky gut is closely connected with systemic inflammation and psychiatric disorder. The rectal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induces gut inflammation and cognitive function in mice. Therefore, we selected Bifidobacterium longum NK219, Lactococcus lactis NK209, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NK210, which induced claudin-1 expression in TNBS- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cells, from the fecal bacteria collection of humans and investigated their effects on cognitive function and systemic inflammatory immune response in TNBS-treated mice. The intrarectal injection of TNBS increased cognitive impairment-like behaviors in the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17 expression in the hippocampus and colon, and LPS level in the blood and feces, while the expression of hippocampal claudin-5 and colonic claudin-1 decreased. Oral administration of NK209, NK210, and NK219 singly or together decreased TNBS-impaired cognitive behaviors, TNF-α and IL-1β expression, NF-κB+Iba1+ cell and LPS+Iba1+ cell numbers in the hippocampus, and LPS level in the blood and feces, whereas BDNF+NeuN+ cell and claudin-5+ cell numbers and IL-10 expression increased. Furthermore, they suppressed TNBS-induced colon shortening and colonic TNF-α and IL-1β expression, while colonic IL-10 expression and mucin protein-2+ cell and claudin-1+ cell numbers expression increased. Of these, NK219 most strongly alleviated cognitive impairment and colitis. They additively alleviated cognitive impairment with colitis. Based on these findings, NK209, NK210, NK219, and their combinations may alleviate cognitive impairment with systemic inflammation by suppressing the absorption of gut bacterial products including LPS into the blood through the suppression of gut bacterial LPS production and alleviation of a leaky gut by increasing gut tight junction proteins and mucin-2 expression.
Data from Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA <i>let-7</i> Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>A relatively rare aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)–positive “stem cell–like” subpopulation of tumor cells has the unique ability to initiate and perpetuate tumor growth; moreover, it is highly resistant to chemotherapy and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. The development of more effective therapies for cancer requires targeting of this cell population. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified that the expression of the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> lin-28 homologue (LIN28) was positively correlated with the percentage of ALDH1<sup>+</sup> tumor cells; this was further validated in an independent set of tissue arrays (<i>n</i> = 197). Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that LIN28 plays a critical role in the maintenance of ALDH1<sup>+</sup> tumor cells. In addition, we found that there is a double-negative feedback loop between LIN28 and <i>let-7</i> in tumor cells, and that <i>let-7</i> negatively regulates ALDH1<sup>+</sup> tumor cells. Finally, we report that a LIN28/<i>let-7</i> loop modulates self-renewal and differentiation of mammary gland epithelial progenitor cells. Our data provide evidence that cancer stem cells may arise through a “reprogramming-like” mechanism. A rebalancing of the LIN28/<i>let-7</i> regulatory loop could be a novel therapeutic strategy to target ALDH1<sup>+</sup> cancer stem cells. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9463–72. ©2010 AACR.</p></div>
Enhancing Sensitivity of Point-of-Care Thyroid Diagnosis via Computational Analysis of Lateral Flow Assay Images Using Novel Textural Features and Hybrid-AI Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Lateral flow assays are widely used in point-of-care diagnostics but face challenges in sensitivity and accuracy when detecting low analyte concentrations, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone biomarkers. This study aims to enhance assay performance by leveraging textural features and hybrid artificial intelligence models. A modified Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, termed the Averaged Horizontal Multiple Offsets Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, was utilised to compute the textural features of the biosensor assay images. Significant textural features were selected for further analysis. A deep learning Convolutional Neural Network model was employed to extract features from these textural features. Both traditional machine learning models and hybrid artificial intelligence models, which combine Convolutional Neural Network features with traditional algorithms, were used to categorise these textural features based on the thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration levels. The proposed method achieved accuracy levels exceeding 95%. This pioneering study highlights the utility of textural aspects of assay images for accurate predictive disease modelling, offering promising advancements in diagnostics and management within biomedical research.
Short-Term Reciprocity in Macaque’s Social Decision-Making

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Primates live in complex social environments, where individuals create meaningful networks by adapting their behavior according to past experiences with others. Although free-ranging primates do show signs of reciprocity, experiments in more controlled environments have mainly failed to reproduce such social dynamics. Hence, the cognitive and neural processes allowing monkeys to reciprocate during social exchanges remains elusive. Here, pairs of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) took turns into a social decision task involving the delivery of positive (juice reward) or negative (airpuff) outcomes. By analyzing the contingencies of one partner’s past decisions on the other’s future decisions, we demonstrate the presence of reciprocity, but only for the exchange of negative outcomes. Importantly, to display this decisional bias, the monkey needs to witness its partner’s decisions, since non-social deliveries of the same outcome did not have such effect. Withholding of negative outcomes also predicted future social decisions, which suggest that the observed tit-for-tat strategy may not only be motivated by retaliation after receiving an airpuff but also by the gratefulness of not having received one. These results clarify the apparent dichotomy within the scientific literature of reciprocity in non-human primates and suggest that their social cognition comprise revenge and gratitude.
Triticum sp., GB20_SSD_TRI_25926_5875

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA research material of IPK Gatersleben SSD line selection Selected from: 10.25642/IPK/GBIS/241186 Taxon: Triticum sp. Accession number: GB20_SSD_TRI_25926_5875 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 20150408 Origin country: FRA Biological status: 400
Perceptions and Performance of King Saud University Students’ about Concept and Finding Limit of Functions Graphical and Symbolic

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the misperceptions and performance of king Saud University students’ about concept and finding the limit of same partial functions given in the form of both graphical and symbolic. In the collection of the data, the researcher employed the open-ended question test consisted of four items. Firstly, symbolic representation of the questions, later graphical representation of the same questions was given to the students. In the data analysis, descriptive analysis method was used and independent samples t-test was employed with α = 0.01 in the analysis of the differences of students’ algebraic and graphical performance. The result showed that some students had some misconceptions and misunderstanding related to the concept of limit. It was also observed that there were significant differences found between students’ performances algebraic and graphical. The students had higher scores in graphical representation than symbolic.
Rapamycin/Sirolimus Improves the Behavior of an 8-Year-Old Boy With Nonsyndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hu, Lin-Yan PhD, MD; Shi, Xiu-Yu PhD, MD; Yang, Xiao-Fan PhD, MD; Liu, Meng-Jia PhD, MD; Zou, Li-Ping PhD, MDAuthor Information
Fairness-control of Dismissals by Labour Courts - Legal Conception and Practical Effects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The highly controversial debate in Germany on the relationship between labour law and labour market has put labour courts in the front line of criticism. They are being blamed mainly for cultivating a fanciful and biased making of law in favour of dismissed employees rendering the outcome of dismissal decisions for employers unforeseeable and, due to the allegedly almost automatic attribution of severance payments, unnecessarily expensive. Given these legals risks, critics argue, employers would refrain from recruiting new employees and would, therefore, not sufficiently contribute to the reduction of mass unemployment. Apart from the lack of any serious empirical confirmation for that hypothesis the critical perception eclipses important functions and effects of labour courts regarding employment and fairness conditions. On the basis of recent socio-legal research on labour courts and unfair dismissals the paper shall discuss some major findings and effects. The analysis shall start with (1) the contribution of labour courts to basic requirements of fairness in a modern labour society, discuss (2) fairness issues in dismissal cases brought before labour courts, describe and analyse (3) the opening of a judicially supervised floor in the court-room for dispute resolving negotiations and for achieving an amicable settlement, ask for the effects of the intervention of third parties (4) regarding the safeguard of procedural justice, and conclude with remarks (5) on the effects of rationalising human resources management and dismissal decisions by systematizing and communicating case-law regarding the termination of employment.
Verifying and testing expert system conceptual models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors recommend a two-phase approach to validating expert systems: (1) to use verification tools and techniques to establish formally specifiable properties of the expert system, such as freedom from logical redundancy, inconsistency, and deficiency; and (2) to use evaluation techniques to identify critical areas of expert system functionality and to identify sets of test cases for those areas. A verification tool can then be used to establish whether the expert system functions correctly, according to these test cases. This approach is elucidated.< >
The effectiveness of a ten-week exercise intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk factors amongst young male Qatari adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rapid development in Qatar in the recent years has led to numerous changes, particularly the increased prevalence of lifestyle related health risks, with almost 50% obesity rates amongst Qataris of all ages. We investigated the effects of a tenweek exercise training program aimed at young Qatari male adults, on a number of cardiovascular risk factors (CVR). With institutional approval, we screened 89 Qatari young adult male volunteers from Qatar University for CVR factors of hypertension indicated by systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, overweight and obesity indicated by body fat percentage (%BF), body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). 20 participants (23% of total number) were identified with one or more risk factors (hypertension and overweight), and were enrolled to follow a ten-week recreational-type exercise training program. The training involved 30-40 min of either walking, cycling, jogging and swimming at an exercise intensity corresponding to 50-85% of each participant’s maximum heart rate, on 3-5 times/week. The intervention significantly reduced BW (93.4±14.1 vs. 86.7±14.5, p<0.05), BMI (31.0±3.6 vs. 28.8±3.9, p<0.05) and BF% (31.2±9.0 vs. 21.2±4.4, p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (83.4±5.3 vs. 76.0±9.2 mmHg, p<0.05), and a non-significant reduction in (133.8±10.7 vs. 130.5±9.1 mmHg, p=0.516). This recreational-type exercise intervention was effective in substantially reducing the CVR indices. However, the alarmingly high prevalence of sedentary-related CVR amongst Qatari young adult males, especially those related to obesity, overweight and hypertension necessitate further public health interventions in this agegroup as an early prevention strategy.
Swelling and contraction of ferrogels based on polyacrylamide in a magnetic field

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The equilibrium swelling of magnetoactive ferrogels based on the copolymer of acrylamide with 10% potassium acrylate in water is studied. The gels are filled with strontium ferrite and/or magnetite taken in amounts of 20, 40, 60, and 80 parts per 100 parts of the polymer by weight. In the absence of a magnetic field, as the content of the filler is increased, the degree of swelling tends to increase for the gels containing strontium ferrite and to decrease for the magnetite-containing gels. In the structure of hydrogels, strontium ferrite particles possessing a permanent magnetic moment form a microscopic network from chain aggregates, while the particles of magnetite, a magnetically soft material, give rise to disordered aggregates. The enthalpy of hydration of ferrogel polymeric matrices weakly depends on the nature and amount of the introduced filler: The interaction parameter takes small positive values in the range 0.10-0.18. In a homogeneous magnetic field of 365 mT, the degree of swelling decreases at a small filler content for both types of ferrogels. This effect is accompanied by elongation of a ferrogel sample along the field direction and contraction in the transverse direction. With an increase in the filler content, the inversion of both effects occurs. The applicability of concepts about the homogeneously magnetizable continuous medium to the process of magnetostriction of ferrogels is analyzed. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
Determination of biparietal diameter in the second trimester as a predictor of intrauterine growth retardation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) was measured by ultrasound at 18–21 weeks gestation in 1023 women. The results showed a clear relationship to birth weight at delivery (36 weeks or later): the sensitivity was 24.2%, the predictive value was 18.2%, and the specificity was 92.5%. We propose that BPD measured in the second trimester is a clinically useful predictor of intrauterine growth retardation.
Almost-kisses, grabbing crotches: OnlyOneOf, queerbaiting and the politics of dislike

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article calls attention to the uncritical use of queerbaiting in anglophone K-pop fan spaces and examines the term as an ‘empty signifier’. It focuses on the media reception of OnlyOneOf, a K-pop idol group that debuted in 2019, whose music video titled ‘libidO’ (2021) had gained traction for its queer themes in addition to the distinctly sensual choreography that revolves around the performance of ‘skinship’. We look at the reception of their discography, including their solo projects in which they highlight overt queer storylines, through the lens of the politics of dislike. Dislike is used not only for the performance of superiority over the disliked object (in this case, OnlyOneOf) and its audience but also to ‘perform identity, self, and community’. This dislike towards OnlyOneOf is observed to have arisen from two sources – homophobia in online fan spaces and allegations of queerbaiting in anglophone K-pop fandoms, with fans borrowing the term from online fan spaces of English-language media.