jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A study of pilot modeling in multi-controller tasks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A modeling approach, which utilizes a matrix of transfer functions to describe the human pilot in multiple input, multiple output control situations, is studied. The approach used was to extend a well established scalar Wiener-Hopf minimization technique to the matrix case and then study, via a series of experiments, the data requirements when only finite record lengths are available. One of these experiments was a two-controller roll tracking experiment designed to force the pilot to use rudder in order to coordinate and reduce the effects of aileron yaw. One model was computed for the case where the signals used to generate the spectral matrix are error and bank angle while another model was computed for the case where error and yaw angle are the inputs. Several anomalies were observed to be present in the experimental data. These are defined by the descriptive terms roll up, break up, and roll down. Due to these algorithm induced anomalies, the frequency band over which reliable estimates of power spectra can be achieved is considerably less than predicted by the sampling theorem.
INFORMED CONSENT IN SCHOOL-BASED ETHNOGRAPHY: USING VISUAL MAGNETS TO EXPLORE PARTICIPATION, POWER AND RESEARCH RELATIONSHIPS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper contributes to current ethical and methodological debates on informed consent in research with children and young people. It draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with young children (aged 5 to 7) and specifically on the use of photo-magnets which asked the children to indicate their ongoing opting in and out by moving magnetic pictures on a surface in the classroom. Using excerpts from field notes, the paper reflects on how the children’s engagement with the magnets produced insights into their constructions of participation in research, power dynamics and the entanglement of informed consent procedures and research relationships. The paper concludes with stressing the importance of creating a space for conversations around these issues to happen as part of doing research.
Study of association of PAX6 polymorphisms with susceptibility to high myopia in a Japanese population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nobuyuki Kanemaki,1 Akira Meguro,2 Takahiro Yamane,2 Masaki Takeuchi,2,3 Eiichi Okada,4 Yasuhito Iijima,5 Nobuhisa Mizuki2 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; 3Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 4Okada Eye Clinic, 5Aoto Eye Clinic, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Purpose: Many studies have investigated the relationship of paired box 6 (PAX6) gene polymorphisms with the risk of high myopia, but the results across studies remain inconsistent and ambiguous. In the present work, we investigated whether PAX6 polymorphisms are associated with high myopia in a Japanese population.Methods: A total of 1,585 Japanese patients with high myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] <-9.00 diopters [D]) and 1,011 Japanese healthy controls (SE≥-1.00 D) were recruited. To compare genotype frequencies between cases and controls, we genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PAX6 gene that are reportedly associated with high/extreme myopia: rs662702, rs3026393, rs644242, rs3026390, and rs667773.Results: For rs662702, rs644242, and rs667773, odds ratios (ORs) for their risk alleles tended to increase with the progression of SE and axial length in the additive and recessive models. Of these, rs644242 had the highest OR (2.56) in patients with SE<-15 D in both eyes in the recessive model. On the other hand, for rs3026393 and rs3026390, the ORs for their risk alleles tended to increase according to the progression of SE and axial length in the dominant model. Of the two, rs3026393 had the highest OR (2.32) in patients with SE<-15 D in both eyes in the dominant model. However, no significant associations were identified in this study.Conclusion: We found that these PAX6 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of extreme myopia. Although the results, which are in agreement with some previous studies, did not reach statistical significance, PAX6 single nucleotide polymorphisms may be important risk factors for the development of extreme myopia. Further genetic studies with larger sample sizes and taking into account the degree of myopia are needed to clarify the contribution of PAX6 variants in myopia development. Keywords: high myopia, PAX6, association study, polymorphism
Heme oxygenase activity (HOA) in rat liver: Response to severe hemorrhage in an inbred rat strain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In efforts to identify cellular mechanisms involved in differences among inbred rat strains in survival time after severe hemorrhage (STaH) (Klemcke et al. Physiol Genomics 43: 758, 2011), we evaluated HOA, a cytoprotective enzyme that catalyzes conversion of cellular heme into biliverdin, free iron (Fe +2 ), and carbon monoxide. We adapted a HOA procedure used with purified HO (Reed et al, DMD 38: 2060, 2010) for use in tissues (liver microsomal fraction); the assay measures the appearance of Fe +2 using hemin substrate and NADPH as cofactor. HOA had an apparent K m of 7.8 μM of hemin; V max = 170 nM Fe +2 /mg protein/min; time period of initial velocity of 0 to 40 min; and a linearity of Fe +2 formation for 0.25 to 3 mg of microsomal protein. Dark Agouti (DA) rats (longest STaH) were assigned to one of three treatments (n=5/ treatment): non‐operated controls, catheterized (CATH) only, or CATH plus hemorrhage (49% of blood volume) 24 h post‐surgery. Rats were euthanized 30 min after handling or after the start of the hemorrhage. HOA increased 32% 24 hrs after CATH alone (4.69 vs 3.54 nmol Fe +2 /mg protein/30 min; P = 0.05). HOA increased 36% further after hemorrhage to 6.37 nmol Fe +2 /mg protein/30 min (P = 0.01). Hence in liver of DA rats, HOA is increased and may be exerting a cytoprotective effect after stressors such as surgery and hemorrhage. Moreover, this assay allows for an easier, more direct procedure for measuring HOA in tissues.
An Optimal Motion Planning Framework for Quadruped Jumping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an optimal motion planning framework to generate versatile energy-optimal quadrupedal jumping motions automatically (e.g., flips, spin). The jumping motions via the centroidal dynamics are formulated as a 12-dimensional black-box optimization problem subject to the robot kino-dynamic constraints. Gradient-based approaches offer great success in addressing trajectory optimization (TO), yet, prior knowledge (e.g., reference motion, contact schedule) is required and results in sub-optimal solutions. The new proposed framework first employed a heuristics-based optimization method to avoid these problems. Moreover, a prioritization fitness function is created for heuristics-based algorithms in robot ground reaction force (GRF) planning, enhancing convergence and searching performance considerably. Since heuristics-based algorithms often require significant time, motions are planned offline and stored as a pre-motion library. A selector is designed to automatically choose motions with user-specified or perception information as input. The proposed framework has been successfully validated only with a simple continuously tracking PD controller in an open-source Mini-Cheetah by several challenging jumping motions, including jumping over a window-shaped obstacle with 30 cm height and left-flipping over a rectangle obstacle with 27 cm height.
AN EX VIVO STUDY INVESTIGATING THE DEGENERATIVE IMPACT OF MMPS-2, -3, AND -7 ON THE BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PERICELLULAR MATRIX IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) play a crucial role in the remodeling of articular cartilage, contributing also to osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a specialized space surrounding each chondrocyte, containing collagen type VI and perlecan. It acts as a transducer of biomechanical and biochemical signals for the chondrocyte. This study investigates the impact of MMP-2, -3, and -7 on the integrity and biomechanical characteristics of the PCM. Human articular cartilage explants (n=10 patients, ethical-nr.:674/2016BO2) were incubated with activated MMP-2, -3, or -7 as well as combinations of these enzymes. The structural degradative effect on the PCM was assessed by immunolabelling of the PCM's main components: collagen type VI and perlecan. Biomechanical properties of the PCM in form of the elastic moduli (EM) were determined by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), using a spherical cantilever tip (2.5µm). MMPs disrupted the PCM-integrity, resulting in altered collagen type VI and perlecan structure and dispersed pericellular arrangement. A total of 3600 AFM-measurements revealed that incubation with single MMPs resulted in decreased PCM stiffness (p<0.001) when compared to the untreated group. The overall EM were reduced by ∼36% for all the 3 individual enzymes. The enzyme combinations altered the biomechanical properties at a comparable level (∼36%, p<0.001), except for MMP-2/-7 (p=0.202). MMP-induced changes in the PCM composition have a significant impact on the biomechanical properties of the PCM, similar to those observed in early OA. Each individual MMP was shown to be highly capable of selectively degrading the PCM microenvironment. The combination of MMP-2 and -7 showed a lower potency in reducing the PCM stiffness, suggesting a possible interplay between the two enzymes. Our study showed that MMP-2, -3, and -7 play a direct role in the functional and structural remodeling of the PCM. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tübingen (grant number.: 2650-0-0).
Summary Abstract: Reconstruction of steps on the Si(111)2×1 surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. M. Feenstra, Joseph A. Stroscio; Summary Abstract: Reconstruction of steps on the Si(111)2×1 surface. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 1 May 1988; 6 (3): 801–802. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575127 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Development and evaluation of iron-rich meatloaves containing pork liver for schoolchildren

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractIron deficiency is a highly prevalent nutritional problem worldwide and it impacts on the cognitive development of children. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop meatloaf with high iron content by using in their formulations pork liver. Meatloaves were prepared with additions of 9.98% and 13.31% (formulations A and B) of pork liver in order to meet 15% and 20% of the daily requirement of iron (10 mg/day) for children. Samples were evaluated regarding their physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. The results were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. Results of physicochemical analyses showed an increase in protein and mineral contents and a decrease in fat content. The iron and zinc contents were respectively 100.0% and 70.83% (formulation A) and 152.73% and 97.92% (formulation B) higher than that of the standard formulation. Regarding fat content, the reduction of 31.5% in formulation B makes it a light product. As for the microbiological aspect, all meatloaves were adequate for consumption. Regarding sensory analysis, all the attributes considered were not statistically different, but for purchase intention test formulation B was better accepted. Therefore, formulations A and B are good sources of iron and zinc.
Demand-aware distributed pathfinding for repositioning vehicles in shared-use autonomous mobility services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shared-use autonomous mobility services (SAMSs) have the potential to provide accessible and demand-responsive mobility to passengers, while benefitting from autonomous vehicle (AV) technology and bypassing challenges related to supply-side incentives or individual driver goals. SAMS operators typically aim to achieve efficiency and improved service quality in their fleet operations, both of which are further enabled by the use of AVs. Specifically, fleet repositioning decisions in anticipation of future demand can improve service quality, but existing approaches in the literature seldom consider the problem of routing repositioning vehicles in a way that further improves SAMS objectives. This paper presents an approach for demand-aware distributed pathfinding for repositioning vehicles, which can supplement existing vehicle repositioning approaches. The problem is formulated with a multi-criteria objective that minimizes the vehicles’ total travel time and maximizes their total demand-serving potential, while distributing that potential equitably among the ride-seeking passengers across the transportation network. We evaluate the proposed approach via numerical experiments using an agent-based simulation of SAMS operations in the network of Manhattan in New York City. The proposed approach is compared to a baseline simple shortest path approach for routing the repositioning vehicles. The results demonstrate that mean passenger waiting times for pick-up can be reduced, while also reducing the total vehicle miles and the empty miles travelled due to repositioning. Thus, the proposed approach can help improve the overall system performance in terms of both service quality and efficiency metrics, relative to the baseline approach.
Effect of Schlafen 2 on Natural Killer and T cell Development from Common T cell/ Natural Killer Progenitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Natural Killer (NK) cells are thought to develop from common lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow. Even though thymus is not essential for NK cell development, Thymic T‐cell/natural killer–cell (T/NK) precursor, DN2 (CD44+CD25+) when cultured on an OP9 stroma, give rise to some NK1.1+ cells. The objective of this study was to see if the Schlafen 1 (Slfn1) and Schlafen 2 (Slfn2) genes differently affect the maturation of T cell and NK cells from DN2 progenitors. We transduced DN2 progenitors prepared from C57BL/6 (B6) mouse thymus with Slfn1 and Slfn2 genes using retroviral vector and cultured those Slfn1 and Slfn2 transduced progenitors on OP9 and OP9 stroma expressing the Notch ligand Delta‐like 1 (OP9‐DL1) with appropriate cytokines to see if it affects generating NK and T‐cells differently. We got a small number of Slfn1 and Slfn2 expressing mature T and NK cells upon culture of transduced DN progenitors on Op9‐DL1 and Op9 stroma cells. There was no difference between Slfn1 positive and Slfn1 negative population regarding CD3 expression but nearly all mature NK cells were belong to Slfn1 negative population. Slfn2 completely blocked maturation of T cells but not NK cells. The result of this study indicates that both Slfn1 and Slfn2 interfere with maturation of DN2 progenitors but T cell development is more sensitive to Slfn2 expression than NK cell development. This research was supported by Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
CSD 2151330: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The Analysis of Soft Budget Constraints in Local Allocation Tax: Determination of Hosei-keisu in Ordinary Expenditure(in Japanese)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is pointed out that Local allocation tax (LAT), an intrinsic local revenue source aimed at offsetting and balancing the disparity between local governments, relates to efforts to increase tax revenue and mitigate expenditure. This work investigates whether local governments confront Soft budget constraints (SBCs) in control of Hosei-keisu, one of methods to allocate LAT, and it ensures revenue so that local governments can secure their expenses in whatever region. Two main results are obtained. First, in Elementary school and Public hygiene and sanitation expenses, local governments whose rate of divergence between realized expenses and estimated costs to estimated ones is large receive a large amount of LAT by means of Hosei-keisu. Second, the rate of divergence positively correlates an amount of LAT by Hosei-keisu when it has an important role of adjusting fiscal disparities among local governments.
Instrumentation Selection and Uncertainty Analysis for Performance Test of Small Centrifugal Compressors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the design phase of centrifugal compressors, it is essential to have some experimental results on performance. The extent of usefulness of the experiments depends on quality and accuracy of the results. Part of proper experimental procedure is the correct selection of instrumentation leading to lower uncertainty in the final results. ASME PTC 10 (Performance Test Code on Compressors and Exhausters) requires fluctuation limits on the measured performance parameters. This does not guarantee limits for accuracy of performance parameters. Also, different experimental setup will affect uncertainty of the results, even with similar instrumentation accuracy. The present research deals with uncertainty analysis for performance evaluation of small-scale centrifugal compressor. The instrumentation errors are accommodated in the relation to ASME PTC 19.1 (test uncertainty). The analysis takes into consideration the correlated bias limits. Selection of proper type of instruments for measuring associated parameters is based on literature review. A case study is included as an example to illustrate the selection on instrumentation accuracy and preferred bias correlations. The analysis is a useful tool in designing experiments for testing compressor and optimizing accuracy of results.
Gate-tunable chiral spin mode in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interplay between many-body and spin-orbit effects (SOC) can lead to novel phenomena in solids. Chiral spin modes (CSM) are collective spin excitations that arise from such interplay and connect states with opposite chirality, which, however, have been rarely observed. Here, we report a gate-tunable CSM that occurs between conduction SOC-split minibands in near-0°-twisted WSe2/WS2 bilayers. This mode manifests as a sharp resonance with giant Raman efficiency in the pseudovector-symmetry channel of the Raman spectra. By varying fillings, the CSM transitions from chiral spin exciton to excitonic polaron. The spin-flip nature is directly confirmed by the Zeeman effect. Moreover, the filling dependence compellingly evidences a charge-transfer insulator at filling of one. Our results demonstrate transition-metal-dichalcogenides moiré superlattices as a fertile platform for exploring exotic low-lying collective excitations.
Thomas Irvine. Listening to China: Sound and the Sino-Western Encounter, 1770–1839.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thomas Irvine’s Listening to China is a tour de force. A Mozart scholar, Irvine was inspired to explore the “soundscapes of the global eighteenth century” (201) while on a speaking engagement in Taiwan, his first ever academic excursion to the Chinese-speaking world back in 2009. This deeply researched monograph is the main product, thus far, of the author’s intellectual journey, hailing from the heartland of European musicology to become a global historian of music and sound studies. The book’s content and its principal argument unfold in two intertwining strands. Irvine begins in chapter 1 with several major intellectual figures of late Enlightenment, like German philosopher Christian Wolff and French composer and theorist Jean-Philippe Rameau, and how they contemplated the nature and value of Chinese music from afar. Their writings are the staples of Western musicologists, and the author uses them incisively to delineate an arc showing how the “Enlightenment ears”...
A 60‐GHz GaAs micromachined slow‐wave bandpass filter using a microstrip stepped‐impedance hairpin resonator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, a new microstrip stepped‐impedance hairpin resonator (SIHR) slow‐wave bandpass filter (BPF) using a dielectric‐supported air‐gapped microstrip line (DAML) via surface micromachining on GaAs substrate is proposed. The slow‐wave periodic structures utilize the parallel‐ and series‐resonance characteristics of the resonators to construct a band‐pass filter. The proposed slow‐wave band‐pass filter is designed to produce a passband of 10% at the fundamental frequency of 60 GHz. It exhibits insertion loss of 2.23 dB, return loss of better than 15 dB, and a stopband greater than 35 dB. This filter is useful for many millimeter‐wave system applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 86–89, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21089
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for detection of tumor recurrence following radiofrequency ablation in retrospective cohort of stage I lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A pattern of focally intense and increasing FDG PET uptake has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting recurrent lung cancer following RFA. Surveillance after RFA should include a contrast enhanced diagnostic CT at 1 month to diagnose procedural complications, PET at 6 months as a post-treatment metabolic baseline (with diagnostic CT if PET is abnormal) and alternating diagnostic CTs or PET every 6 months for 2 years.