jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Male dyspareunia due to short frenulum: an indication for adult circumcision.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

including those that could have been transmitted by the bite gave negative results.These investigations included a complement fixation test for Q fever, malarial fluorescent antibody tests, schistosomal and filarial comple- ment fixation tests, the rapid plasma reagin test and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test, and a search of blood for trypanosomes.Serum was then examined for an extended range of antibodies to West African viruses (ETWB).Antibodies against Le Dantec virus were found in significant titre (1/16).No other viral antibodies were detected. CommentThe question of a causal relationship between the insect bite, the infection, and the subsequent Parkinsonism must remain proble- matic, but there can be little doubt that the febrile illness after the bite occurred when the Le Dantec virus infection was acquired, for the patient had never been to West Africa and had had no other incident so far as he could recall during which he had been bitten while on a ship that had been to West Africa.Many viruses can cause encephalitis, and involvement of the basal ganglia is well recognised in certain viral infections, particularly those with Japanese B, St Louis, and Murray Valley viruses.It is particularly notable, however, that in the Internationial Catalogue of Arboviruses' Le Dantec virus, on being inoculated into suckling mice, is reported to have produced "severe lesions of encephalitis with important destruction of the neurones of the cerebrum (cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus) less acute in the spinal cord.Perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells.No myositis."In view of this there was probably a causal relationship between the bite with the infection it conveyed and the subsequent development of Parkinsonism.The case is notable in focusing attention on the need for vigilance in containing viral infections that could be transmitted by insects carried on transport arriving from Africa.Secondly, it provides suggestive information that Le Dantec virus, like certain other viruses, is capable of damaging the basal ganglia of the,brain.
Technologies of the State: Transvaginal Ultrasounds and the Abortion Debate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay examines the transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) debate that was ignited in the spring of 2012 by a Virginia law mandating the procedure as a prerequisite for first-trimester abortions. This debate represents a recent intensification of historical arguments grounded in how the abortion debate intersects with medical practice. By following the debate as it unfolded on pro-choice and pro-life blogs, this analysis uncovers three overarching topoi in the discourse mirrored on both sides: the medical necessity (or lack thereof) of the procedure; the importance of informed consent; and comparisons to rape. Using Foucault’s concept of the medical gaze, this essay argues that across all three topoi, both pro-choice and pro-life activists’ rhetoric relied heavily upon implicit assumptions of the superiority and necessity of medical science. The TVU debate demonstrates an argumentation strategy that both strips the issue of its political, legal, moral, and personal contexts and rhetorically positions pro-choice groups disadvantageously by obfuscating any discussion of women’s rights.
The Force Field Model applied to a Music Education teacher training framework in a South African context

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract South African Higher Education Institution (HEI) Music Education (MusEd) lecturers’ perspectives regarding the contextual, institutional, biographical and programmatic forces that stem from the theoretical framework Samuel’s (2008) Force Field Model (FFM) were explored. The study was approached from an interpretivist paradigm and conceptually drew qualitative data generated from eight case studies to gain an in-depth understanding of the push and pull factors that influence professional practices. The major findings of the study indicated that lecturers should embrace transformation principles to decolonise the national curriculum. Biographic viewpoints have to be modified from a singular Western Classical viewpoint to integrate African Indigenous perspectives. To teach MusEd, elements and activities from diverse cultures as well as teach student teachers from diverse cultural backgrounds result in MusEd as a change agent to develop social cohesion between multicultural communities. Theoretical knowledge integrated with practical activities where the focus changes from achieving an individualistic perfect end product to the continuing process of ‘musicking’ together are proposed. The lecturers as facilitators, therefore, focus on a student-centred philosophy to guide student teachers’ development in MusEd. Insights gained from this study propose a future cosmopolitan teacher training framework.
The Role of the Primary Sensory Cortices in Early Language Processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The results of this magnetoencephalography study challenge two long-standing assumptions regarding the brain mechanisms of language processing: First, that linguistic processing proper follows sensory feature processing effected by bilateral activation of the primary sensory cortices that lasts about 100 msec from stimulus onset. Second, that subsequent linguistic processing is effected by left hemisphere networks outside the primary sensory areas, including Broca's and Wernicke's association cortices. Here we present evidence that linguistic analysis begins almost synchronously with sensory, prelinguistic verbal input analysis and that the primary cortices are also engaged in these linguistic analyses and become, consequently, part of the left hemisphere language network during language tasks. These findings call for extensive revision of our conception of linguistic processing in the brain.
An Exploration of Chinese Second Language Learners' Willingness to Communicate and Foreign Language Anxiety in EAP Classes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigated first year university students' willingness and anxiety levels in speaking English in EAP classrooms. UCS and FLCAS were employed to create a questionnaire and collect 31 participants' responses. The major findings are as follows: a) participants demonstrated a higher than average WTC in a broad sense; b) only one third of them reported feeling anxious about speaking English in EAP classes; c) the fear of being negatively commented on, getting involved in communicative scenarios, and making English speeches are the three main anxiety sources that negatively correlate with WTC, with only negative evaluation as the negative predictor.
Analysis of PKC-Based Digital Signature System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital Signature System is an indispensible Information Safety Technology for E-commerce,E-government etc.The thesis probed main information safety hazard in the course of information transmission,emphatically explained PKC-based Digital Signature System's realization principle and selective analysised the Digital Signature System how to solve all kinds of potential safety hazard for network information.Finally,through combining Digital Signature with Digital Certificate,elaborated basic process of Internet Information secure transmission.
Opioids in Treatment of Refractory Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Yes, No or Maybe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex condition with significant impact on prognosis, especially in advanced stages where symptom burden becomes critical. Breathlessness affects patients’ quality of life, and despite various therapeutic strategies, the role of opioids in palliative care for COPD remains under investigation. The acceptance of a therapeutic trial of different types of opioids is increasing not only in end-of-life situations but also for stable COPD patients experiencing intolerable refractory breathlessness despite optimal conventional therapy. Recent clinical trials have raised questions about the overall clinical benefit of opioids in addressing breathlessness in COPD, prompting the need to clarify inconsistencies and identify specific subgroups that may benefit from opioid therapy. In the clinical setting, it is crucial to understand the attributes of patients who exhibit positive responses to opioids and what type of opioids could have a positive impact. This research paper aims to offer an update of the most recent evidence of opioid treatment in managing breathlessness among individuals with COPD with a head-to-head evaluation of the supporting and opposing proof in the medical literature.
On One Analysis of Piercing by the Use of Flow Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Technical Briefs On One Analysis of Piercing by the Use of Flow Lines Hiromasa Ishikawa, Hiromasa Ishikawa Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Kin-ichi Hata Kin-ichi Hata Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information Hiromasa Ishikawa Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan Kin-ichi Hata Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan J. Eng. Ind. May 1981, 103(2): 233-234 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3184481 Published Online: May 1, 1981 Article history Received: August 20, 1979 Online: July 30, 2009
Pengukuran Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa Setelah Pandemi Covid 19 [Measuring Students' Communication Skills After the Covid-19 Pandemic]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Communication skills are essential for everyone, including students. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the education sector, with learning heavily relying on students' ability to use information technology. During this period, communication and interaction depended on the quality of the hardware used and the stability of internet connections. Due to unprecedented restrictions, these limitations affected students' communication skills, both written and verbal. There have been assumptions and speculations from teachers and parents that students' communication skills have declined after the pandemic. This study aims to understand how well students have developed their communication skills post-pandemic. Research employs a quantitative research method. Data was collected by distributing open-ended questionnaires to 6th-grade students at XYZ Elementary School. A total of 45 students participated in the study. The results of this study indicate that the average communication skills of the students at XYZ Elementary School in Tangerang after the pandemic are considered adequate. Therefore, teachers need to focus on improving students' communication skills to enhance them further.
Diagnostic imaging of gastrointestinal lesions complicating AIDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the findings about gastrointestinal lesions in patients with HIV/AIDS by diagnostic imaging.\nMethods: The findings about gastrointestinal lesions by diagnostic imaging in 11 patients with HIV/AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Plain chest radiography was performed for all the 11 cases, but chest CT scanning for 4 cases, abdominal CT scanning for 9 cases, pelvic CT scanning for 2 cases, pelvic MR imaging for 1 case, and gastrointestinal endoscopy for 9 cases.\nResults: Gastrointestinal perforation was shown in 3 cases, including 2 cases of esophageal perforation and 1 case of gastric perforation. Intestinal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2 cases, cytomegalovirus enteritis in 1 case, lymphoma in 4 cases, and gastric adenocarcinoma in 1 case. Esophageal perforation was shown together with mediastinal esophageal fistula, mediastinal lymph nodes tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Gastric perforation was shown with gastric fistula, left lobe hepatic abscess and hepatogastric space abscess. Intestinal tuberculosis was shown with thickened ileocecal wall, while cytomegalovirus colitis was indicated by central thickening of rectum wall and the end-piece of sigmoid colon. Lymphoma was indicated by tumor-like thickening of gastrointestinal wall, luminal stenosis or dilatation, with accompanying ulceration and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes. Gastric adenocarcinoma was demonstrated with thickening and stiffness of gastric wall, with significant enhancement by contrast imaging/scanning.\nConclusion: Gastrointestinal lesions in patients with HIV/AIDS may indicate a variety of opportunistic infections and malignancies, and radiological modalities contribute to the diagnosis of these lesions.
Drugs and Social Transgression: Women and Opium in Canton in the 1930s Xavier Paulès (EHESS)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

See also : - La Chine des guerres de l’opium à nos jours, Paris, La Documentation française, 2013, 64 p. Coll. « La Documentation photographique »). - L’opium. Une passion chinoise, Paris, Éditions Payot, 2011, 320 p. (Coll. « Histoire Payot »). -Histoire d’une drogue en sursis. L’opium à Canton, 1906-1936, Paris, Éditions de l’EHESS, 2010, 334 p. (Coll. « En temps & lieux ; 18)
Lymphomatoid papulosis. A cutaneous proliferation of activated helper T cells expressing Hodgkin's disease-associated antigens.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A distinctive immunologic phenotype was demonstrated for the characteristic large atypical cells in skin lesions of 9 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LP). Coexpression of Hodgkin's disease (HD)-associated antigen(s) Ki-1, and often Leu-M1, with helper T-cell antigens T11, T4, and T3 and cellular activation antigens Tac, Ia, and T9 was the most common phenotype, observed in 6 of 9 cases. In 2 cases T-cell-specific antigens were not detected, and the phenotype was indistinguishable from Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of HD. Numerous Ki-1 positive cells and infrequent expression of Leu-1 antigen by large atypical cells in LP cases facilitated the differential diagnosis between LP and mycosis fungoides. A possible transition between small, medium, and large cells expressing only T-cell antigens and large transformed RS-like cells expressing both T-cell and HD-associated antigens was shown by immunoelectron microscopy. These immunologic findings should prove useful for the diagnosis of LP and may help to explain the unexpectedly frequent clinical associations of LP, mycosis fungoides, and HD.
Reaching Empowerment in Genetic Information Regulation in Israel and Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the challenges for policy makers with respect to the appropriate balance needed between relevant interests, such as private sector organisations, and individuals and communities who share their genetic information. The paper focuses on empowerment as a key strategic concept to which policy instruments purport to advance. The paper offers three frames of references that foster empowerment on personal and community levels, including privacy protection, avoidance of discrimination, and research profits and benefits sharing. Drawing on these themes of empowerment, this article critically compares policy instruments relating to genetic information in Germany and Israel.
Corporate Real Estate Alignment Strategies in Dutch Higher Education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the variables that affect the process of aligning Corporate Real Estate (CRE) with organizational goals on a strategic level, and regarding day-to-day operating activities in higher education institutes.Methodology/approach – The paper first outlines theoretical issues of CRE alignment processes in general. It then presents the findings from 13 interviews with CRE managers who are responsible for the accommodation of large Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences. Findings – The review of CRE theory shows three key CRE alignment process activities and six variables that influence these activities. The empirical study shows how these variables can be used to distinct two extreme strategies for CRE alignment processes, based on control-orientation and involvement-orientation. Originality/value – There are two gaps in research literature on CRE alignment processes. First, there is a need for better CRE alignment tools and techniques with a solid empirical basis. Secondly, the managerial decision-making regarding space issues and its effects on students and staff in higher education is an under exposed topic in CRE research. There is still limited understanding of how to optimally align educational buildings to education. The current research provides practitioners and researchers insights in possible CRE alignment strategies and underlying variables in the field of higher education. The findings might be applicable in other sectors as well.
A Comparison of Model- and Satellite-Derived Aerosol Optical Depth and Reflectivity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The determination of an accurate quantitative understanding of the role of tropospheric aerosols in the earth's radiation budget is extremely important because forcing by anthropogenic aerosols presently represents one of the most uncertain aspects of climate models. Here the authors present a systematic comparison of three different analyses of satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-measured radiances with optical depths derived from six different models. Also compared are the model-derived clear-sky reflected shortwave radiation with satellite-measured reflectivities derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite. The three different satellite-derived optical depths differ by between −0.10 and 0.07 optical depth units in comparison to the average of the three analyses depending on latitude and month, but the general features of the retrievals are similar. The models differ by between −0.09 and +0.16 optical depth units from the average of the models. Differences between the average of the models and the average of the satellite analyses range over −0.11 to +0.05 optical depth units. These differences are significant since the annual average clear-sky radiative forcing associated with the difference between the average of the models and the average of the satellite analyses ranges between −3.9 and 0.7 W m−2 depending on latitude and is −1.7 W m−2 on a global average annual basis. Variations in the source strengths of dimethylsulfide-derived aerosols and sea salt aerosols can explain differences between the models, and between the models and satellite retrievals of up to 0.2 optical depth units. The comparison of model-generated reflected shortwave radiation and ERBE-measured shortwave radiation is similar in character as a function of latitude to the analysis of modeled and satellite-retrieved optical depths, but the differences between the modeled clear-sky reflected flux and the ERBE clear-sky reflected flux is generally larger than that inferred from the difference between the models and the AVHRR optical depths, especially at high latitudes. The difference between the mean of the models and the ERBE-analyzed clear-sky flux is 1.6 W m−2. The overall comparison indicates that the model-generated aerosol optical depth is systematically lower than that inferred from measurements between the latitudes of 10° and 30°S. It is not likely that the shortfall is due to small values of the sea salt optical depth because increases in this component would create modeled optical depths that are larger than those from satellites in the region north of 30°N and near 50°S. Instead, the source strengths for DMS and biomass aerosols in the models may be too low. Firm conclusions, however, will require better retrieval procedures for the satellites, including better cloud screening procedures, further improvement of the model's treatment of aerosol transport and removal, and a better determination of aerosol source strengths.
Capital Imports and Growth--The Case of New Zealand--Foreign Investment in New Zealand, 1840-1958

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Capital Imports and Growth—The Case of New Zealand—Foreign Investment in New Zealand, 1840-1958 Get access W. Rosenberg W. Rosenberg University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 71, Issue 281, 1 March 1961, Pages 93–113, https://doi.org/10.2307/2228225 Published: 01 March 1961
Coregonus peled (Gmelin) transplanted into Ulaagchny Khar lake (western mongolia) showed no evidence of hybridization with other introduced Coregonus species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coregonus peled (Gmelin) (Teleostei: Salmoniformes: Coregonidae), which is considered an important object of coldwater aquaculture, had been successfully introduced into an enclosed Western Mongolian lake Ulaagchny Khar in the early 1980s. At the same time larvae of two other Coregonus species—Baikal omul C. migratorius (Georgi) and least cisco C. sardinella Valenciennes—had also been released into the lake. Baikal omul was then reported as a naturalized species. This might have caused interspecific hybridization and gene introgression. Identification of coregonids by morphology can be problematic, so to determine which species was dominant in the lake (we presumed it was peled) and if its gene pool was affected by other introduced Coregonus species we sampled 40 individuals and analyzed them by sequencing a fragment of mtDNA cyt b and by allozyme electrophoresis. The analysis showed that all the fish belonged to C. peled with no evidence of admixture from other coregonid species. Taking into account mass release of both species in 1980s, it is evident that naturalization of peled in the lake was much more successful than that of Baikal omul.
Application of polyglycolic acid sheet and fibrin glue spray for partial glossectomy: Comparison with artificial dermis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Various biomaterials, as well as autologous mucosal or skin grafts, have been applied to open wounds after partial glossectomy. We clinically evaluated postoperative pain and scar contracture in 37 patients who underwent partial glossectomy followed by covering with a polyglycolic acid （PGA） sheet and fibrin glue spray, as compared with 31 patients in whom an artificial dermis was used. NSAIDs were administered for an average of 7.2 days postoperatively in the artificial dermis group and 5.9 days in the PGA sheet group. Scar contracture in patients with tongue cancer was milder in the PGA sheet group than in the artificial dermis group, although those with intraepithelial lesions showed minimal scar contracture in both groups. These findings showed that the application of a PGA sheet and fibrin glue for open wounds of partial glossectomy was useful for promoting early oral feeding, rapid relief from postoperative pain, and prevention of scar contracture.
Leavitt path algebras and direct limits

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An introduction to Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary directed graphs is presented, and direct limit techniques are developed, with which many results that had previously been proved for countable graphs can be extended to uncountable ones. Such results include characterizations of simplicity, characterizations of the exchange property, and cancellation conditions for the K-theoretic monoid of equivalence classes of idempotent matrices.