jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In situ detection of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase messenger RNA in paraffin-embedded human astrocytic tumor tissues by nested in situ RT-PCR is useful in predicting chemotherapy-resistance of tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an enzyme that interferes with chemotherapeutic effect of alkylating agents. We performed in situ detection of MGMT mRNA utilizing the nested RT-PCR method in tissue sections (nested in situ RT-PCR). We analyzed 34 samples of paraffin-embedded astrocytic tumor tissue sections with this method [3 astrocytomas, 14 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), and 17 glioblastoma multiformes (GBM)]. Twenty-five cases (73.5% of all cases) were positive for MGMT either with our method or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, with our method >25% of the cells in the tumor tissue expressed MGMT in contrast to >4% with IHC among the population of MGMT positive cases. Our method was significantly more sensitive than IHC (p=0.0004). The present results suggest that potentially there is a greater population of MGMT positive cells in astrocytic tumor tissues than the one evaluated with IHC. These findings suggest that the >25% of the MGMT positive cells are involved in the interference with the chemotherapeutic effect of alkylating agents. The MGMT expressing cell population was markedly decreased in GBM compared with AA (26.1% vs 62.1%). The main reason for this marked decrease was that MGMT was expressed in only 9 of 17 cases of GBM in contrast to all AA cases that expressed MGMT. This result suggests that there are potentially two populations of GBM on the basis of MGMT expression, in which the negative population might be mainly composed of de novo GBM. Therefore, it is suggested that our method is practically useful to detect any drug resistance gene product with high sensitivity and would provide a chance to evaluate the chemotherapeutic effect of any agents in an individual patient based manner.
THE FORMATION OF 21-DEOXYCORTISOL BY HUMAN ADRENAL TISSUE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although 21-deoxycortisol has been detected in the plasma of a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (Wieland, Maynard, Riley & Hamwi, 1965), its presence could not be demonstrated in adrenal tissue or in adrenal incubates from patients with this syndrome (Bongiovanni, 1958). The present communication reports the formation in vitro of radioactive 21-deoxycortisol from [4-14C]progesterone by hyperplastic adrenal tissue obtained from a 12-yr.-old girl with the adrenogenital syndrome. A preliminary report of a part of this study has already been published (O'Donnell, Birnie & MacArthur, 1962). Slices (7·68 g.) prepared with a Stadie-Riggs microtome were added to 75 ml. of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7·4) containing glucose (0·01 m) and fumarate (0·04 m) and were incubated with [4-14C]progesterone (2·85 mg.; sp. act., 8·10 × 106 counts/min./mg.) at 37° for 3 hr. in air. Radioactivity was measured in a windowless gas-flow counter operating in the Geiger region.
Direct parametric imaging of reversible tracers using partial dynamic data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Direct parametric estimation in positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed to compute the voxel-based kinetic parameters in the reconstruction process, obtaining more accurate physiological information of tracer uptake. Although the direct parametric imaging can achieve accurate kinetic analysis, the long acquisition time is still painful, particularly for sick and old patients. To address this issue, we explore the feasibility to estimate voxel-based kinetic parameters using partial dynamic data, specifically the first and last 10 minutes of a typical dynamic scan. To improve the quality of the direct parametric imaging with partial dynamic data, we propose a novel penalized direct estimation method containing log-likelihood, ridge regression and patch-based joint similarity penalty of kinetic images, in which the structural similarity weight of K 1 can be used for improving the features in other kinetic images (k 2 ~ k 4 ). In our optimization, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with a separable quadratic surrogate (SQS) is exploited. We validate the proposed method using a brain phantom, and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional direct estimation methods even using partial dynamic data.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (Kawasaki Disease)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (Kawasaki Disease) Get access Harris D. Riley, Jr. Harris D. Riley, Jr. Department of Pediatrics Children's Memorial Hospital and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Harris D. Riley, Jr., Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 26901, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 134, Issue 3, September 1976, Pages 302–305, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/134.3.302 Published: 01 September 1976 Article history Received: 13 July 1976 Published: 01 September 1976
Phytophotodermatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several plant families contain species liable to cause phytophotodermatitis. They include the Umbelliferae of which Ammi majus has been known for centuries and the Rutacea to which Citrus bergamia belongs. Phototoxic plants are also found in, e.g., the Moraceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae and Compositae plant families. The photoreactivity of the plants depends on their furocoumarins (psoralens) content. These cause skin damage by phototoxic mechanisms, when activated by longwave ultraviolet radiation (UVA). The results are clinical changes such as erythema, bullae in the skin 24-72 h later, followed by hyperpigmentation. For the strongest phototoxic plants the content of the major phototoxic furocoumarins like bergapten or xanthotoxin have been calculated at approximately 0.5 g/100 g dried plant weight, but it varies between plant parts and also with the age of the plant. Repeated contact may occasionally lead to photocontact allergy.
The great indoors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Further evidence for the role of indoor pollutants in the development of childhood asthma

The prevalence of asthma (especially childhood asthma) is high, and children in particular spend a lot of time in their homes. In addition, our homes contain many pollutants so, understandably, we’d like to know to what extent pollutants in the home environment cause and/or worsen asthma in our children.

In many children asthma is closely associated with allergy, and many asthmatic children are allergic to dust mite and pet allergens. For them, reduction of exposure is likely to be beneficial. But does this mean that mite and pet exposure causes asthma? This issue is surprisingly complex. Whereas studies suggest that exposure to specific allergens increases sensitisation to those allergens, this does not necessarily mean that such exposures also increase the incidence of asthma.1,2 Some studies even suggest that early life exposure to pets (and other animals) may reduce the incidence of asthma.3–7

Compared with the already complex role of exposure to allergens and other biological contaminants, the evidence with respect to chemicals such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particles produced by combustion appliances, environmental tobacco smoke, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is even less clear.

In this issue of Thorax two new studies from Australia attempt to provide further evidence for the role of unvented heating appliances and of VOCs, respectively. Phoa et al 8 retrospectively collected data on unvented heater exposure in a sample of children aged 8–11 …
The temporal variation in the urban heat island effect of Amsterdam from 2017-2021

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is present in cities all over the world. Heat can result in excess mortality and has an impact on human health, especially for vulnerable people. Heat also correlates with higher energy demand. The urban heat island intensity changes over time. This research aims to show to what degree meteorological extremes and seasonality affect the UHI effect in Amsterdam. The difference between the measured temperature from a rural and urban weather station results in the UHI effect. Certain days are classified as summery, ideal, and heat wave days based on KNMI guidelines. Several tests are performed to assess whether or not the UHI effect is higher on these days than all data and the meteorological summer (JJA). The data is also divided into seasons and tested for significant differences. For the location AMSIJ and Osdorp, the UHI effect on summery, ideal, and heat wave days is significantly higher than for all data and for JJA. For Amstelveen, the UHI effect on summery, ideal, and heat wave days is not higher or not significantly higher compared to JJA. Seasonality in the UHI is most important in Amstelveen. There are also significant differences between seasons in the UHI effect in AMSIJ and Osdorp. However, the trend is not as pronounced as it is for Amstelveen. These results are relevant, because summers are expected to get warmer. Moreover, meteorological conditions similar to summery days, ideal days and heat wave days will likely increase. Thus, the UHI intensity will likely increase in the future.
Hybrid neurocomputing: the integration between the human brain and artificial intelligence for the next generation of neurotechnological interfaces

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This article explores the concept of hybrid neurocomputing, focusing on the integration of the human brain with artificial intelligence systems for the development of next-generation neurotechnological interfaces. The study analyzes current advances in neurotechnology, artificial intelligence, and brain–computer interaction, highlighting their potential applications in healthcare, rehabilitation, and human–machine collaboration. The work emphasizes the relevance of hybrid neurocomputing for improving clinical outcomes, enhancing assistive technologies, and supporting innovation within the healthcare and biomedical engineering sectors. By addressing the convergence of neuroscience and artificial intelligence, this publication contributes to ongoing discussions on the future of neurotechnology and its implications for public health and technological advancement.
Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Pyrylium Salt In Vitro and In Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nowadays, discovering new skeleton antifungal drugs is the direct way to address clinical fungal infections. Pyrylium salt SM21 was screened from a library containing 50,240 small molecules. Several studies about the antifungal activity and mechanism of SM21 have been reported, but the structure–activity relationship of pyrylium salts was not clear. To explore the chemical space of antifungal pyrylium salt SM21, a series of pyrylium salt derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their antifungal activity and structure-activity relationships (SAR) were investigated. Compared with SM21, most of the synthesized compounds exhibited equivalent or improved antifungal activities against Candida albicans in vitro. The synthesized compounds, such as XY10, XY13, XY14, XY16 and XY17 exhibited comparable antifungal activities against C. albicans with MIC values ranging from 0.47 to 1.0 μM. Fortunately, a compound numbered XY12 showed stronger antifungal activities and lower cytotoxicity was obtained. The MIC of compound XY12 against C. albicans was 0.24 μM, and the cytotoxicity decreased 20-fold as compared to SM21. In addition, XY12 was effective against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and other pathogenic Candida species. More importantly, XY12 could significantly increase the survival rate of mice with a systemic C. albicans infection, which suggested the good antifungal activities of XY12 in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that structural modification of pyrylium salts could lead to the discovery of new antifungal drugs.
Induced Large Variations in the Urinary Proteins in Bright's Disease, Particularly in Nephrosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a previous report1 some of the factors influencing the albumin output through diseased kidneys in chronic nephrosis and in animal experiments were discussed. The present work is a continuation of this investigation, using three patients with chronic nephrosis.With two of the patients the same sudden rise under high protein diet (130 gm. daily) occurred as in the previous experiments, with immediate fall to the original level upon return to a low protein diet (30 gm. daily). The globulin to albumin ratio in the urine remained approximately constant.During a period of fever (body temperature about 38.5°) of one of the patients, the urinary proteins increased to a still higher level, and the globulin to albumin ratio also increased, indicating a greater permeability of the kidney. That the kidney was probably damaged was indicated by the slow return of the urinary proteins to their former level, as contrasted with the sudden fall after high protein feeding.The third patient was a case of myxedenra combine...
Training Sparse Fuzzy Classifiers Using Metaheuristic Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel classification model called sparse fuzzy classifier (SFC), which uses a sparse Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system to classify data. This system is considered with Gaussian fuzzy sets in the antecedents and first-order polynomials in the consequents of fuzzy rules. The input fuzzy sets are determined using a metaheuristic optimization method (particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, or pattern search). The output polynomials are obtained by a sparse regression represented by the elastic net. A quality criterion based on the confusion value is used to select the best model. The experiments showed that the proposed method could reduce the confusion and simplify fuzzy models by zeroing some of the polynomial coefficients.
Pathway Analyst Automated Metabolic Pathway Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Metabolic pathways are crucial to our understanding of biology. The speed at which new organisms are being sequenced is outstripping our ability to experimentally determine their metabolic pathway information. In recent years several initiatives have been successful in automating the annotations of individual proteins in these organisms, either experimentally or by prediction. However, to leverage the success of metabolic pathways we need to automate their identification in our rapidly growing list of sequenced organisms. We present a prototype system for predicting the catalysts of important reactions and for organizing the predicted catalysts and reactions into previously defined metabolic pathways. We compare a variety of predictors that incorporate sequence similarity (BLAST), hidden Markov models (HMM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). We found that there is an advantage to using different predictors for different reactions. We validate our prototype on 10 metabolic pathways across 13 organisms for which we obtained a cross-validation precision of 71.5% and recall of 91.5% in predicting the catalyst proteins of all reactions.
Age and sex differences in GABAergic transmission in the substantia nigra pars reticulata in the rat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many experimental as well as clinical studies have shown that subcortical neuronal circuitries including the anterior part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) are closely involved in the control of seizures propagation and termination. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated that inhibition of the GABAergic SNRA electrical output increases the seizure threshold in the flurothyl model of generalized clonic seizures. The anticonvulsant properties of the SNRA are largely age- and sex-depended. In the current experiments were used 3 age groups of Sprague Dawley rats (PN5-9, PN11-16 and PN25-32 days, PN = postnatal) to study GABAergic inhibition. Two types of GABAergic inhibition were studied: a) a synaptic inhibition, which is generated by α1 and α3-containing GABAARs and b) a tonic inhibition mediated by extrasynaptic δ subunit-containing GABAARs. Immunohistochemistry showed that the α1 subunit expression was generally more abundant in adult rats and females while the α3 subunit dominated in the early development and gradually decreased by the age of PN30. The more α1 subunit was expressed the faster were the kinetics, higher the mean amplitudes and frequencies of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). The α subunit subtype underlies sensitivity to zolpidem, which preferentially...
Availability of nutrients, productive properties, and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) seeds in acid soils amended with different molar ratios between Ca and Mg

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Liming is indispensable in acid soils for amending acidity; however, the technique may alter the cation balance in soil and, consequently, may limit the availability and uptake of nutrients. We aimed to evaluate different molar ratios between calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on the availability of soil nutrients and their influence on the productive properties of sunflower and seed quality. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under two types of contrasting soils and six molar combinations of CaCO3and MgCO3 in amendment of soil acidity to raise base saturation to 70%. After incubation, soil analysis was undertaken to verify the ratios obtained and nutrient availability. Morphological and production variables were analyzed at the end of the experiment, as well as accumulation of nutrients in the achenes and their physiological quality. In spite of equal base saturation between the types of soil, there were differences in the available contents of these cations. The increase in the Ca contents limited the Mg contents to the critical level of the sunflower. This result had a negative influence on the production properties of sunflower and physiological quality. In contrast, there was a compensation of the crop with greater accumulation of nutrients in the achenes under lower yield.
Role Of A Young Family In Social Structure Of Russian Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The negative consequences of the global crisis led to the de-structuring of the social institutions of society, and above all, the social sphere of life of various communities and groups. The discrepancy of social interests and needs of social subjects in modern society makes the study of the phenomenon of a young family as a primary social institution ever more relevant. In modern Russian society, the family undergoes a transformation, the essence of which is the transition of the family as a social group based on marriage and love to marriage partnership. In the absence of the necessary social support of the state, society, the young family initially loses stability, which determines the originality of its status. The young family is a special social formation – a social group characterized by special social qualities and properties, and above all – the young age of the spouses and a short period of interaction that determine specific interests and needs. The problem of a well-known opposition to the family and society, the family and its individual member, takes on global importance. The paper considers the status of a young family in the system of social ties – social structure of the society. Studying the factors necessary for the formation and strengthening of the status of a young family, attention is drawn to the fact that the institution of a young family needs to be studied not only from the standpoint of state interests, but also as a social value.
Validation of the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire in an Italian Sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article presents the result of a study that translated into Italian and validated the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire (MFSQ) on an Italian sample. The questionnaire was first administered to a sample of 240 Italian women (age range, 18–65 years) recruited from a gynecology clinic. A principal component analysis identified 2 factors: sexuality (9 items) and partnership (5 items). Both factors showed an adequate inter-item reliability (Cronbach’s α of.88 and.75, respectively). The validity of the Italian MFSQ was then tested by administering the questionnaire to a sample of 16 women with sexual dysfunction and 46 control women. Sexual dysfunction diagnoses were assessed through a semi-standardized interview based on the DSM-IV-TR diagnoses for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder, Female Orgasmic Disorder, Dyspareunia, and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. A discriminant validity test showed significant differences between women with and without female sexual dysfunction. These results indicate that the translated version of the MFSQ is a reliable and valid measure of sexual dysfunction among Italian women. The results also indicated a difference in factor structure between the Italian and the original version of the MFSQ, which warrants further investigation. KEY WORDS: culture; psychometrics; female sexuality; assessment.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the brain: An in silico study to determine the influence of cranial anatomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Given that MRE studies for neurodegenerative disease have reported only marginal variations in brain elasticity between controls and patients (e.g., 7% for Alzheimer's disease), the predicted errors are a potential confound to the development of MRE as a biomarker of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. Magn Reson Med 76:645-662, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of an Effect of a Baffle Length on the Power Consumption in an Agitated Vessel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Agitated vessels are often used for homogenization of the miscible liquids in chemical, biochemical, and food industries. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool for studying fluid flows, including those of mixing systems. It is particularly powerful where the ability exists to corroborate model results with available data. The CFD simulation was carried out for Rushton and Smith turbines agitators. The standard k-? model has been used for turbulence modeling. The data obtained by simulation are matching with the literature experimental value for standard baffle with the discrepancy of less than +_4.5% for power number. The simulated results for agitated vessel with short baffle (non-standard) are agreeing with the literature values within plus or minus 5% for Power Number.