jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Two Cases: Siblings with Different Presentations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare recessive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by symptoms like hypotonia, extrapyramidal signs, spastic tetraplegia, vision problems, cerebellar ataxia, cognitive complications, and dementia before the age of three. Various reports evaluated the relationship between the incidence of INAD and different mutations in the PLA2G6 gene. We described cases of two children with INAD whose diagnoses were challenging due to misleading findings and a mutation in the C.2370 T>G (p. Y790X) in the PLA2G6 gene based on NM_001349864, which has been reported previously.
Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of Executive Equity Incentive Efficiency and Levels

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Using the dates come from 569 companies listed before 2006, we test the factors which affect the executive equity-based incentive levels and performance. The equity-based incentive performance is significant positive correlation with the levels of executive equity-based incentive. It shows equity-based incentive can improve company performance. When adding interaction variables in equation, we found the sensitivity for the company performance to levels of executive equity-based incentive would be affected by other factors. There are interactions between proportions in executive stock holding and market competition, risk level faced by the company, company scale and capital structure. And the efficiency of executive equity-based incentive is negative correlation with risk endured by the companies, proportions of independent directors and capital structure shows the internal and external governance structure of listed companies in China are still exist some problems.
Design of a Novel Nanobiosensor for the Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) by Measurement of miRNA-128

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this work, an aptamer-based electrochemical nano biosensor has been designed that is effective in the early detection of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) by microRNA-128 in blood serum samples. In the design of this nanoprobe, Graphitic Carbon Nitride (G-C 3 N 4 ) has been used. Urea at high temperature is used to prepare graphitic carbon nitride. G-C 3 N 4 has a modifiable surface that can carry metals, so gold nanoparticles were placed on its sheets. Consequently, the resulted nanocomposite obtained a high surface-to-volume ratio and much higher conductivity for aptamer binding. The synthesis method of this nanocomposite is Green using vitamin C and is biocompatible. In this study, electrochemical characterization tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) tests and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique were used. The Limit Of Detection (LOD) of the nano biosensor was obtained about 0.0034 fM in square wave voltammetry (SWV). It was obtained by performing tests at different concentrations of the analyte for three times. Compared with the other works, this limit of detection is much lower and shows the high ability of the nanobiosensor to early detection of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia. Also, the designed biosensor needed a short time (about 45 minutes) to detect the miRNA-128 as symptoms of the disease. It is the first time that Au/G-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite and this aptamer sequence are used in a biosensor together for gene detection (miRNA-128) as an electrochemical biosensor for diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia.
A Hall-Effect Based Sensor for the Detection of Concentrations of Ferromagnetic Materials in Water

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the authors propose a novel sensing architecture for the detection of ferromagnetic materials suspended in water. These materials have a high magnetic permeability and are thus easily attracted by magnets and belong to the broader family of heavy metals. Their presence in water can be harmful for human health and for ecosystems as well: however, currently the only way to detect their presence is by means of laboratory analysis. The solution presented in this paper is based on the usage of a Hall effect sensor exploited to measure the magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet. Dispersed ferromagnetic particles in water are attracted by the permanent magnet, causing a change in the overall magnetic field strength which is detected by the Hall effect sensor. The sensor provides a voltage output with characteristic suitable to be easily acquired by a simple microcontroller. Laboratory tests were performed with different quantities of different types of ferromagnetic materials. The results of these tests suggest the feasibility of a measurement system able to detect small quantities of ferromagnetic contaminants in, laying the ground to the development of an integrated system to be employed for real-time field measurements.
Review article: reforming state urban policy in South Africa?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Simon Bekker and Richard Humphries, From Control to Confusion; the Changing Role of Administration Boards in South Africa: 1971–1983 (Pietermaritzburg: Shuter and Shooter, 1985). Pp. 258. R17.95. Hermann Giliomee and Lawrence Schlemmer (eds.), Up Against the Fences, Poverty, Passes and Privilege in South Africa (Cape Town: David Philip, 1985). Pp. 365. R17.95.
Tracing the Late Viking Age and Medieval Butter Economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Easily preserved and high in energy, butter was a reliable foodstuff during the medieval period for northerners vulnerable to short growing seasons and occasional crop failure. This chapter assesses the value of butter as commodity-money in late Viking Age and medieval Orkney, and advances new methodologies to aid the identification of perishable foodstuffs used in payments. It reviews documentary evidence for payments in butter, which indicates that farms produced butter not only to meet their own needs, but also to pay taxes, rents, and tithes. It then proposes a means of identifying butter payment in the archaeological record. It argues that zooarchaeological and other bioarchaeological evidence from excavated farm sites can elucidate the strategies employed in raising dairy animals, allowing the identification of sites that probably produced high quantities of butter. This is demonstrated through an investigation of local subsistence strategies at Quoygrew, a settlement of farmers and fishers on the island of Westray in Orkney.
Supplementary Data from Drug Sensitivity Prediction Models Reveal a Link between DNA Repair Defects and Poor Prognosis in HNSCC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Table S1: List of Enrichr Signatures collections. Table S2: Cross validation performance. Table S3: List of DNA crosslink repair genes. Table S4: Cohort Characteristics and univariate analysis. Table S5: p-values for t-tests of model scores between different clinical variables; companion to Figure S4.</p>
Timing of radical cystectomy in Central Europe - multicenter study on factors influencing the time from diagnosis to radical treatment of bladder cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mean time interval between the diagnosis and radical treatment of patients with bladder cancer in Central Europe is adequate. However, there are still a relatively high number of patients waiting for radical cystectomy longer than 8 weeks. A lower stage of disease as well as a higher case load within of a hospital may delay the surgery.
Radio frequency discharge with control of plasma potential distribution

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A RF discharge plasma generator with additional electrodes for independent control of plasma potential distribution is proposed. With positive biasing of this ring electrode relative end flanges and longitudinal magnetic field a confinement of fast electrons in the discharge will be improved for reliable triggering of pulsed RF discharge at low gas density and rate of ion generation will be enhanced. In the proposed discharge combination, the electron energy is enhanced by RF field and the fast electron confinement is improved by enhanced positive plasma potential which improves the efficiency of plasma generation significantly. This combination creates a synergetic effect with a significantly improving the plasma generation performance at low gas density. The discharge parameters can be optimized for enhance plasma generation with acceptable electrode sputtering.
SART-Type Image Reconstruction from Overlapped Projections

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To maximize the time-integrated X-ray flux from multiple X-ray sources and shorten the data acquisition process, a promising way is to allow overlapped projections from multiple sources being simultaneously on without involving the source multiplexing technology. The most challenging task in this configuration is to perform image reconstruction effectively and efficiently from overlapped projections. Inspired by the single-source simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), we hereby develop a multisource SART-type reconstruction algorithm regularized by a sparsity-oriented constraint in the soft-threshold filtering framework to reconstruct images from overlapped projections. Our numerical simulation results verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate the advantage of image reconstruction from overlapped projections.
How school size and student teacher ratio affecting the students’ mathematics achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many different arguments have been offered in order to explain how social economic, student attitude and school size might affect mathematics achievement. This study focuses on explaining the importance of school size and student teacher ratio in affecting students' mathematics scores in Indonesia using data from PISA 2018. Total observations used in this study were 9,090 students from 308 schools. The multilevel analysis results showed that the higher the school size the higher the student's mathematics achievement, while in contrast with the student teacher ratio. In addition, the index of economic, social and cultural status and attitude towards school were found to be significant variables affecting the students' mathematics achievement.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 115 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is United States of America", "GadmGid is USA.3.15_1", "TaxonKey is Phrynosoma mcallii" ] } The dataset includes 115 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0054203-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Changes in Demography and Resulting Changes in Citizenship Law: The Case Study of Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The vast majority of democratic theory assumes the need for widespread political participation. The right to vote constitutes the most essential political right but in the era of migration the idea of universal suffrage is far from being realized. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg within its current borders is the result of 19th century diplomacy. In the space of less than 150 years the population of this state more than doubled - largely attributable to immigration. Today, 48% of the population are foreigners. The history of the creation of the Grand Duchy and the Law on Luxembourg Nationality are closely intertwined – the latter having undergone several changes – reflecting historic circumstances. The evolution of the Law on Luxembourgish Nationality and the discussions around “what constitutes a Luxembourger” illustrate the changes in perception of “Luxembourg nationality”. The underlying fundamental question is whether naturalization is the mid – or endpoint of successful integration into the host society. In this paper we will outline the different phases of the Luxembourg Law on Nationality, starting with the period of the French civil Code and ending with the current amendments of the naturalization law. This paper reflects the relation between migration and changes in the naturalization law in Luxembourg. The authors show how successive Luxembourgish governments have accommodated citizenship rights of foreign nationals, but are constrained by political groups defending national preferences. Overall, Luxembourg can be described as an immigration success story, facing the future challenge of accommodating all groups living in Luxembourg.
Profound CD4+/CCR5+ T cell expansion is induced by CD8+ lymphocyte depletion but does not account for accelerated SIV pathogenesis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) results in irreversible prolongation of peak-level viral replication and rapid disease progression, consistent with a major role for CD8+ lymphocytes in determining postacute-phase viral replication set points. However, we report that CD8+ lymphocyte depletion is also associated with a dramatic induction of proliferation among CD4+ effector memory T (TEM) cells and, to a lesser extent, transitional memory T (TTrM) cells, raising the question of whether an increased availability of optimal (activated/proliferating), CD4+/CCR5+ SIV “target” cells contributes to this accelerated pathogenesis. In keeping with this, depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes in SIV− RMs led to a sustained increase in the number of potential CD4+ SIV targets, whereas such depletion in acute SIV infection led to increased target cell consumption. However, we found that the excess CD4+ TEM cell proliferation of CD8+ lymphocyte–depleted, acutely SIV-infected RMs was completely inhibited by interleukin (IL)-15 neutralization, and that this inhibition did not abrogate the rapidly progressive infection in these RMs. Moreover, although administration of IL-15 during acute infection induced robust CD4+ TEM and TTrM cell proliferation, it did not recapitulate the viral dynamics of CD8+ lymphocyte depletion. These data suggest that CD8+ lymphocyte function has a larger impact on the outcome of acute SIV infection than the number and/or activation status of target cells available for infection and viral production.
Cotton N rate could be reduced further under the planting model of late sowing and high-density in Yangtze River Valley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background An optimal N rate is one of the basic determinants for high cotton yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal N rate on a new cotton cropping pattern with late-sowing, high density and one-time fertilization at first flower in Yangtze River Valley China. A 2-year experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 with a randomized complete blocks design, and cotton growth process, yield and biomass accumulation were examined. Results The results showed that N rate had no effect on cotton growing progress or periods. Cotton yield was increased with N rate increasing from 120–180 kg ha − 1 , while the yield was not increased when N was beyond 180 kg ha − 1 , or even decreased (9–29%). Cotton had the highest biomass at N180 due to its highest accumulation speed during the fast accumulation period (FAP). Conclusions The result suggests that cotton N rate could be reduced further to be 180 kg ha − 1 under the new cropping pattern in Yangtze River Valley China.
Cover Picture

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The cover picture shows the active site of the catalytic antibody 1E9, which promotes the bimolecular Diels–Alder reaction between tetrachlorothiophene dioxide and N-ethylmaleimide. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the reactant complex (green) and the endo-transition state (yellow) bound at the antibody active site illustrate the excellent shape complementarity between ligand and protein. Residues Trp H50 and Asn H35, which interact with the dienophile through π-stacking and hydrogen bonding, respectively, are seen at the bottom of the active site beneath the transparent protein surface. More about shape complementarity, binding site dynamics, and transition state stabilization can be found in the theoretical study by K. N. Houk, D. Hilvert et al. on p. 255 ff. (The cover image was produced by Kinya Hotta.)
A case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

右房に発生した血管肉腫を経験したので報告する. 症例は60歳男性で, 労作時呼吸困難および発熱にて受診, 胸部X線写真にて心拡大, 胸水貯留を指摘され, 胸部CTにて右房内腫瘍を認め当院入院, 腫瘍摘出術が施行された. 摘出検体から作成した捺印標本にて出血性背景に腫瘍細胞が孤立散在性もしくは中規模集塊を示して出現していた. 腫瘍細胞は紡錘形, 類円形などの多彩な形態を示し, 核は類円形で, 核膜は均等に肥厚しており, クロマチンは穎粒状で明瞭な核小体を有していた. 組織学的には核異型の著明な内皮細胞におおわれた大小不規則な血管形成が認められた. 免疫染色では腫瘍細胞はVimentin, CD34およびFactor VIII relatedantigen (VIIIRA) に陽性を示した. 以上の所見より血管肉腫と診断された. 血管肉腫の細胞所見は多彩であり, 細胞診のみでの診断は困難である場合が多いが, 心臓原発の場合には鑑別対象となる腫瘍の細胞学的特徴や発生部位などの臨床情報を把握することにより推定診断に近づきうると考えられた.
Adaptive Polar-Grid Gaussian-Mixture Model for Foreground Segmentation Using Roadside LiDAR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Roadside LiDAR has become an important sensor for the detection of objects in cities, such as vehicles and pedestrians, which is due to its advantages of all-weather operation and high-ranging accuracy. In order to serve an intelligent transportation system, the efficient and accurate segmentation of vehicles and pedestrians is needed in the coverage area of the LiDAR. In this study, a roadside LiDAR was fixed on brackets on both sides of the road to obtain the point-cloud information on the urban road and the surrounding environment. A segmentation method that is based on a scanning LiDAR sensor is proposed. First, a polar grid that is based on polar coordinates is constructed to count the LiDAR rotations to obtain the original information of the angle and the distance of the point cloud, and the background point-cloud image is dynamically updated over time. By aiming at the complex urban road environment and the interference of trees and light poles in the background, an adaptive polar-grid Gaussian-mixture model (APG-GMM) that uses a point-cloud method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the foreground and background segmentation. A density-adaptive DBSCAN target-clustering algorithm is proposed, as well as a dynamic adaptive neighborhood radius, to solve the problem of the low clustering accuracy that is caused by the uneven density of point clouds that are collected by LiDAR, and to divide the point clouds in the foreground into vehicles and pedestrians. Finally, the method was tested at intersections and urban roads with dense traffic flows. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can segment the foreground and background well and can cluster vehicles and pedestrians while reducing the number of calculations and the time complexity.
[Post-academic dental specialties. 14. Post-academic specialty endodontology].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

As in other dental specialties, endodontology has established a specialization and an educational programme. In 1990 a 3 year post-academic programme in endodontology was established at the Academic Centre for Dentistry in Amsterdam. Students have to be present 3 days a week. Additionally, they have to perform a substantial amount of self study. The education will enable the endodontic specialist to perform his or her clinical handling and thinking scientifically and by an evidence-based approach. The education will allow the specialist treating his patients optimally, but also sharing his knowledge with colleagues or participating in academic education and research.
Implementation of a virtual chat room for multimedia communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an implementation of a virtual chat room system for multimedia communications is presented. In addition to the conventional ability of chat room applications to transmit talk messages between users, the system provides a 3-D virtual environment and adopts 3-D facial models for character representation. Each participant can communicate with the others with keyboard, mouse, and his facial expressions. Essential implementation issues including the facial expression analysis process are detailed in this article.
Research on the Effect of High Humidity on the Measuring of Surface α Activity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper elaborates on the causes of errors in the measuring of surface α activity in highly humid environment by analyzing the effect of relative humidity on air density and surface adsorption.With the use of Φ45mm α source,surface activity response factors of MicrocontⅡ surface α β measuring instrument are measured in 5 different relative humidity conditions at 20℃,thus basically showing the law of relative humidity affects the measuring of surface α activity,which can provide a reference for measuring surface α activity in highly humid conditions.
Clinical pathological conference. Violence and brain disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with bullet wounds of the abdomen and right arm, and swelling and pain in the left periorbital region. A short time before, the patient allegedly had held a number of people at gunpoint, threatening to commit mass murder and suicide. Details of what occurred immediately thereafter are not entirely clear, but several shots were fired. According to the patient: "He—a man on the right—made a sudden move. I got scared and shot. I next remember being knocked down." According to other information, one man in the group did make a sudden move and was mortally wounded by the patient. Before he died, however, he grabbed for the patient's gun. In the ensuing struggle a second man was wounded. The patient himself was shot and fell to the floor. He tried to get up, but was hit on the head and lost consciousness.
USING THE RESPIRATION RATE OF ´PINK LADY´ APPLES AS AN INDICATOR OF THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE FLESH BROWNING DISORDER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

'Pink Lady' apples (Malus domestica) are susceptible to flesh browning in storage. The symptoms of this disorder are browning in a radial pattern from the core into the cortex and softening of the fruit. The disorder is sporadic in nature with only some growers in some seasons being affected. It is likely that the disorder is the result of a combination of factors. Other work has shown that 'Pink Lady' apples are susceptible to CO 2 injury. Fruit with severe browning symptoms at the end of storage had 35% higher respiration rates and a greater than 60% reduction in the ability to produce ethylene than fruit with no browning. Fruit that had high rates of respiration at 80 days had a higher risk of developing browning symptoms later in storage. High fruit respiration rates indicate high internal CO 2 concentration (assuming that fruit permeances are equal). This work shows that it may be possible to use the rate of respiration as a diagnostic tool to determine the susceptibility of a sample of fruit to flesh browning later in storage.