jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glycans in Glycoprotein Quality Control

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

N-Glycans affect glycoprotein folding because of their hydrophilic nature. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the processing of N-glycans yields a series of truncated N-glycans that serve as checkpoints that dictate the life or death of many newly made membrane and secreted proteins. Other glycan modifications also may affect glycoprotein folding in the ER. This chapter describes glycan-mediated quality-control processes in the ER and Golgi apparatus and what happens to glycoproteins that fail their “final folding examination.”
Fusion of mis‐registered GFP and phase contrast images with convolutional sparse representation and adaptive region energy rule

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Biomedical image fusion is the process of combining the information from different imaging modalities to get a synthetic image. Fusion of phase contrast and green fluorescent protein (GFP) images is significant to predict the role of unknown proteins, analyze the function of proteins, locate the subcellular structure, and so forth. Generally, the fusion performance largely depends on the registration of GFP and phase contrast images. However, accurate registration of multi‐modal images is a very challenging task. Hence, we propose a novel fusion method based on convolutional sparse representation (CSR) to fuse the mis‐registered GFP and phase contrast images. At first, the GFP and phase contrast images are decomposed by CSR to get the coefficients of base layers and detail layers. Secondly, the coefficients of detail layers are fused by the sum modified Laplacian (SML) rule while the coefficients of base layers are fused by the proposed adaptive region energy (ARE) rule. ARE rule is calculated by discussion mechanism based brain storm optimization (DMBSO) algorithm. Finally, the fused image is achieved by carrying out the inverse CSR. The proposed fusion method is tested on 100 pairs of mis‐registered GFP and phase contrast images. The experimental results reveal that our proposed fusion method exhibits better fusion results and superior robustness than several existing fusion methods.
Error analysis of the highly efficient and energy stable schemes for the 2D/3D two-phase MHD

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we mainly focus on the rigorous convergence analysis of two fully decoupled, unconditionally energy-stable methods for the diffuse interface two-phase magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. The two methods consist of the semi-implicit stabilization method and the invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) method, which are both applied to the phase field system. In addition, the pressure correction method is used for the saddle point system, and appropriate implicit-explicit treatments are employed for the nonlinear coupled terms. We prove the unconditional energy stability of the two schemes. In addition, we mainly establish the error estimates based on the bounds of ‖ø k ‖ L ∞ and ‖ b k ‖ L ∞ . Several numerical examples are presented to test the accuracy and stability of the proposed methods.
Cybersecurity of Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Management Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter delves into the cyber security challenges faced by smart cities, with a specific focus on the intelligent, integrated, and interconnected electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The analysis, conducted with meticulous attention to detail, leaves no stone unturned in demonstrating that not all innovative elements and smart city solutions have sufficient cybersecurity protection. It is crucial to recognize that certain novel technologies, such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G), smart charging, and intelligent energy management, pose significantly higher risks than others. The central objective is to create a strong foundation for securing EV charging infrastructure by thoroughly analyzing the problem context and the data that needs protection, including attack surfaces, cybersecurity threats, and vulnerabilities in the EV ecosystem. Additionally, it involves evaluating standardization for the EV connection to the charging infrastructure and presenting a comprehensive set of recommendations and best practices for securing EV charging infrastructure.
How to ravel out the conundrum restricting the development of China securities market.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As a product of China's reform and opening attempts, China's securities market has contributed greatly to the speedy and healthy development of China's economy. However, China's stock market has experienced series of sharp slumps since the policy of reducing state-owned shares through the secondary stock market was firstly launched by the government in June 2001. Shanghai's composite index dropped to 1259 points from 2245 points, the highest points, and the market value amounted to 1,500 billion yuan was vaporized, which caused disastrous economic loss to the investors. The article aims to thoroughly discuss the core reasons for the slumps of China's stock market and put forward the solutions. With the adoption of comprehensive management data analysis, capital market theory, financial management and securities market practices theory, statistics principles and related economic factors, combined with the through analysis of the reality of China's stock market, the conclusion is educed. It is the split of share holding right, over-financing, policy intervention, system defects that are the core problems leading to such a sever crisis in stock market.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of 3,4‐Diamino Pyrrolidines via Chiral N,O‐Ligand/Cu(I) Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with β‐Phthalimidonitroethene.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The scalable preparation of the title products is based on the diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of N‐phthalimide‐protected 5‐aryl or 5‐alkyl substituted 3‐amino‐4‐nitropyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylates.
The influence of selected combinations of herbicides on the value of seeds of narrow leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of herbicide protection on the value and vigor of seeds of narrow leaved lupine variety Zeus was investigated. The laboratory tests were carried out at the Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences. The seeds were derived from the field experiments conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station Brody in 2012–2013. It was found that the active substances of herbicides significantly changed the seed quality of narrow leaved lupine variety Zeus. Moreover, the herbicide Wing P 462,5 EC significantly decreased germination capacity as compared to the control and other combinations. The active substances of examined herbicides did not influence on vigor of narrow leaved lupine variety Zeus. W dwuletnim doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym prowadzonym w Laboratorium Nasiennictwa, Katedry Agronomii, Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu badano wpływ wybranych kombinacji ochrony herbicydowej na wartość siewną i wigor nasion łubinu wąskolistnego odmiany Zeus. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że substancje czynne (s.cz.) badanych herbicydów istotnie modyfikowały wartość siewną nasion łubinu wąskolistnego odmiany Zeus. Najwyższy spadek zdolności kiełkowania w stosunku do obiektu kontrolnego oraz pozostałych kombinacji odnotowano po aplikacji herbicydu Wing P 462,5 EC. W badaniach nie wykazano istotnego wpływu zastosowanych s.cz. herbicydów na wigor nasion łubinu wąskolistnego.
A Case Study on the Relationship between Teacher Talk and English Curriculum Philosphy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Classroom is an ideal place for teachers to put English Curriculum philosphy into practice and teacher talk(that is,the language used in classroom teaching and class management) may be viewed both as an externalized representation of a teacher's cognition and as a signal for the transformation of English curriculum philosphy to teachers' personal views.Therefore,by adopting corpus approaches,the paper takes one senior reading class as a case,analyzing the lexical quality, questioning quality and evaluation quality in teachers' classroom discourse for the purpose of examining its closeness to teaching content,teaching aim and course objective.The results show that teachers have some knowledge of English curriculum philosphy though it needs to go much further. Enhancing teacher development is strongly suggested in the process of the reformation of English curriculum.
Smart Shopping Trolley with Automated Billing System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract— The goal of the Smart Shopping project presented in this study is to automate the shopping process. Modern technology has allowed humans to live at a higher quality. Retail centers were consequently overcrowded. The billing procedure needs to be shortened to serve the massive population. This is accomplished with a smart shopping system based on RFID. A clever shopping cart generates and displays a bill when each item is read individually. The consumer uses the pre-charged cards that the mall has given them to pay the bill after it has been created The objective is to reduce the time needed for the billing system. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality, touch commerce, the internet of things, and many other fields are among the many areas in which technology is developing daily in our modern society. The main objective of the project is to focus on the client's objectives and goals because time is more valuable to everyone in the real world. Nonetheless, they spend more time at the supermarket. Keywords—Alternating current, Direct current, light dependent resistor, Revolution per minute, Battery operated motor, Integrated development environment.
Synthesis and magnetic characterization of Co-NiO-Ni core-shell nanotube arrays

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Well-aligned Ni and Co-NiO-Ni core-shell nanotube arrays with an average outer diameter of about 200 nm have been synthesized in a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by the direct electro-deposition method. The result shows that the nanotubes were polycrystalline phase. Angular dependent coercivity Hc(θ) indicates that the magnetization reversal mechanisms are mainly dominated by the “curling mode” for Ni nanotubes, while a transition from curling to transverse is observed in Co-NiO-Ni core-shell nanotubes at a large angle. A sharp increase in saturated magnetization (Ms) of Ni and Co-NiO-Ni core-shell nanotubes at 5 K was observed, due to dominance of the surface effect. Besides, the existed superparamagnetic nanoparticles also resulted in the increase of Ms for both cases. These structures have potential applications in the novel spintronics device, ultrasmall magnetic media, and other nanodevices.
Phytochemical Investigation of the Australian Lichens Ramalina glaucescens and Xanthoria parietina

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Phytochemical investigation of the Australian lichen, Ramalina glaucescens resulted in the isolation of a new halogenated depside, 5-chlorosekikaic acid 5, together with (+)-usnic acid 1, sekikaic acid 2, atranorin 6 and parietin 7, the latter of which was isolated from the associated (co-occurring) lichen, X. parietina. Compound 5 is suspected to be an artifact of the isolation procedure. All structures were assigned using spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. In addition to the full characterization of 5, this report represents the first application of 2D NMR spectroscopy to complete the unequivocal chemical shift assignment for compounds 2 and 7. Compounds 1-2 and 5-7 all displayed varying degrees of antitumor activity (ranging from an IC 50 of 15 μM to >44 μM) with compounds 1, 2 and 5 also displaying antibacterial properties. Of these, (+)-usnic acid 1 displayed the most significant antitumor and antibacterial activities.
Perceptions of young, single African American fathers and early childrearing involvement: A phenomenological study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A qualitative study was used to explore the perceptions of young, single African American fathers and early childrearing involvement. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of six men enrolled in a community-based, fatherhood program in a Midwestern city. Experiences were clustered into themes resulting in a rich, thick description of participants’ perceptions of fathering. Four major themes emerged: (a) a work in progress: fatherhood investment; (b) a little island by myself: barriers to fathering; (c) I’m going to be there from day one to infinity: presence; and (d) the tomorrow dad: not like my dad. The researcher presented a description of how fatherhood was experienced by the participants and what was experienced. Active participation in childrearing cares evolved as the essence of young, single African American fatherhood. Fathering characteristics as well as the social and cultural context in which childrearing interactions developed were noteworthy determinants of paternal identity and behavior. Barriers to fathering created resource-poor environments posing challenges to involvement. Dispelling the myth that fathers are expendable remains a concern. The findings support the need for more father-based resources and father-centered interventions.
Effect of Certain Immunotherapeutics on Microbial Status of Endometritic Cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of certain uterine immunomodulators on microbial status of endometritic cows. A total number of fifty endometritic cows selected after screening were allotted randomly into five equal groups (n=10). The Group I, II, III, IV Cows were intrauterinely administered with 100µg of E. coli LPS (single dose), 500 mg of oyster glycogen (OG) (single dose), 1000 mg Enrofloxacin (once daily for 3days) and 250 ×106 lymphocytes (single dose) each reconstituted with 30 milliliter of PBS. Ten cows suffering from endometritis as confirmed by alkaline pH of cervical mucus discharge and positive white side test along with ten no. of normal cyclic cows were also selected for the study. The mean
Some clinical factors contributing to the development of the diabetic foot.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical neurological studies, blood pressure measurements and some haematological investigations were performed on a random sample of forty-four patients, at the Diabetes Out-Patient Clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), to examine some of the factors that predispose to the development of the diabetic foot. Our results revealed that 86% of the patients had elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1 > 9.0%), 82% had clinical signs of peripheral sensory neuropathy, 29% had signs of autonomic neuropathy in addition to peripheral sensory neuropathy. Sixty-one per cent (61%) of the patients had ankle/arm systolic blood pressure ratio less than 1.0 and were diagnosed as having peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The group with neuropathy was found to have a significantly lower diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0005) than the group without neuropathy. We believe that hyperglycaemia-induced vasodilation (indicated by a lower diastolic blood pressure) in a significant number of diabetics resulted in compensatory shunting of blood from the deeper tissues, including nerves, to the periphery. The resulting endoneural hypoxia could be responsible for the unusually high incidence of peripheral sensory neuropathy detected in this sample of diabetic patients. Metabolic factors may also play a role.
Role of the C2 Domain of Factor VIIIa in the Assembly of Factor-X Activating Complex on the Platelet Membrane

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Optimal rates of factor X (FX) activation require binding of factor IXa (FIXa), factor VIII(a) [FVIII(a)], and FX to activated platelet receptors. To define the FVIIIa domains that mediate platelet interactions, albumin density gradient washed, gel-filtered platelets (3.5 x 10(8)/mL) activated by the thrombin receptor peptide, SFLLRN (25 microM), were incubated with 125I-labeled FVIII C2 domain, or 125I-FVIIIa, or 125I-FVIII((LC)), or peptides from the C2 domain region, with or without anti-C2 domain monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), ESH4 or ESH8. FVIIIa (Kd approximately 1.7 nM), FVIII((LC)) (Kd approximately 3 nM), and the C2 domain (Kd approximately 16 nM) all interacted with approximately 700-800 binding sites/platelet. Unlike FVIIIa, the C2 domain did not respond to the presence of excess EGR-FIXa (45 nM) and FX (1.5 microM) with enhanced binding stoichiometry and affinity. Both the MoAb ESH4 and a synthetic peptide corresponding to FVIII residues 2303-2332 (epitope for FVIII MoAb, ESH4) inhibited FVIIIa binding to platelets, whereas MoAb ESH8 and a C2 domain peptide corresponding to residues 2248-2285 (epitope for the FVIII MoAb, ESH8) failed to inhibit FVIIIa binding. Thus, a major platelet-binding site resides within residues 2303-2332 in the C2 domain of FVIIIa, and an additional site within residues 2248-2285 increases the stoichiometry and affinity of FVIIIa binding to activated platelets only in the presence of FIXa and FX but does not directly mediate FVIIIa binding to the platelet surface.
The performance of index-based policies for bandit problems with stochastic machine availability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider generalisations of two classical stochastic scheduling models, namely the discounted branching bandit and the discounted multi-armed bandit, to the case where the collection of machines available for processing is itself a stochastic process. Under rather mild conditions on the machine availability process we obtain performance guarantees for a range of controls based on Gittins indices. Various forms of asymptotic optimality are established for index-based limit policies as the discount rate approaches 0.
ORGANIC MULCH ON EARLY GARLIC CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER SEMIARID CONDITIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Soil cover with plant residues is a traditional cultural practice in garlic crops, mainly among small producers. Virus-free garlic seeds is a recent technology used in several garlic producing regions of Brazil; it enables the maximum exploration of the productive potential of cultivars. A field experiment was developed from May to September 2018 with the objective of evaluating the use of mulching in early garlic cultivars in semiarid conditions. A randomized block experimental design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four replications; the plots consisted of treatments with and without mulch in the plots, and the subplots consisted virus-free garlic cultivars (Araguari, Cateto Roxo, Canela de Ema, Centralina, and Gravatá) and an infected cultivar (Branco Mossoró). The soil mulch did not affect the plant height and number of leaves, but promoted increases in total and commercial yields of the cultivars, especially the Gravatá, indicating that the use of this practice is important to obtain bulbs with higher commercial value; the cultivars Branco Mossoró, Canela de Ema, and Centralina had higher number of cloves per bulb and, thus, are more indicated for the climatic conditions of the region.
Image sensing with multilayer nonlinear optical neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Linear optics has been long applied to image compression. However, it is widely known that nonlinear neural networks outperform linear models in terms of feature extraction and image compression. Here, we show a nonlinear multilayer optical neural network using a commercially available image intensifier as a scalable optical-to-optical nonlinear activation function. We experimentally demonstrated that nonlinear ONNs outperform linear optical linear encoders in a variety of non-trivial machine vision tasks at a high image compression ratio (up to 800:1). We have shown that nonlinear ONNs can directly process optical inputs from physical objects under natural illumination, which provides a new pathway towards high-volume, high-throughput, and low-latency machine vision processing.
PRISMA diagram.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia are advised to take a daily low-dose of aspirin from 12 weeks of pregnancy to reduce their risks. Despite the well-established prophylactic effect of aspirin, adherence to this therapy is low. This systematic review aimed to summarise evidence on the barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin to inform intervention development to support decision making and persistence with aspirin use for pre-eclampsia prevention.</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research was co-produced by representatives from charities, and public, clinical and academic members. Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Prospero, OpenGrey), archives of charities and professional organisations were searched (between October and November 2023 and re-run in August 2023) using predefined search terms. Studies containing qualitative components related to barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin during pregnancy were included. Quality assessment was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research. A combination of the COM-B framework with phases of adherence process as defined by international taxonomy was used as the coding framework. Co-production activities were facilitated by use of ‘Zoom’ and ‘Linoit’.</p><p>Results</p><p>From a total of 3377 papers identified through our searches, five published studies and one dissertation met our inclusion criteria. Studies were published from 2019 to 2022 covering research conducted in the USA, Canada, UK, Netherlands and Australia. Barriers and facilitators to adherence were mapped to six categories of the COM-B for three phases of adherence: initiation, implementation, and discontinuation. The discontinuation phase of adherence was only mentioned by one author. Four key themes were identified relating to pregnancy: ‘Insufficient knowledge’, ‘Necessity concerns balance’, ‘Access to medicine’, ‘Social influences’, and ‘Lack of Habit’.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The COM-B framework allowed for detailed mapping of key factors shaping different phases of adherence in behavioural change terms and now provides a solid foundation for the development of a behavioural intervention. Although potential intervention elements could be suggested based on the results of this synthesis, additional co-production work is needed to define elements and plan for the delivery of the future intervention.</p><p>Trial registration</p><p>PROSPERO CRD42022359718. <a href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022359718" target="_blank">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022359718</a>.</p></div>