jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Reduced Mask-Count Technology for Complementary Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors With Self-Aligned Metal Electrodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The inexpensive glass substrate for building conventional low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) imposes a ceiling on the TFT processing temperature. This results in a reduced efficiency of dopant activation and a high source/drain series resistance. A technique based on aluminum-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon has been applied to fabricate TFTs with low-resistance self-aligned metal electrodes (SAMEs). While at least two masked implantation steps are typically used for constructing the doped source and drain regions of conventional n- and p-channel TFTs in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit technology, it is currently demonstrated that complementary SAME poly-Si TFTs can be constructed using a combination of a masked and a blanket source and drain implantation steps. The decrease in mask count reduces process complexity and cost. Control of ion channeling is the enabling factor behind the successful demonstration of the technology.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Pregnancy and Puerperium: A Population-Based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pregnancy-related subarachnoid hemorrhage (pSAH) is rare, but it causes high mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, data on pSAH are limited. The objectives here were to examine the incidence trends, causes, risk factors, and outcomes of pSAH in a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland covering 30 years. Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study and nested case-control study in Finland for the period 1987–2016 (Stroke in Pregnancy and Puerperium in Finland). The Medical Birth Register was linked to the Hospital Discharge Register to identify women with incident stroke during pregnancy or puerperium. A subcohort of women with SAH is included in this analysis. The temporal connection of SAH to pregnancy and clinical details were verified from patient records. Results: The unadjusted incidence of pSAH was 3.21 (95% CI, 2.46–4.13) per 100 000 deliveries. No significant increase occurred in the incidence throughout the study period. However, the age of the mother had a significant increasing effect on the incidence. In total, 77% of patients suffered an aneurysmal pSAH, resulting in death in 16.3% of women and with only 68.2% achieving good recovery (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 3 months. Patients with nonaneurysmal pSAH recovered well. The significant risk factors for pSAH were smoking (odds ratio, 3.27 [1.56–6.86]), prepregnancy hypertension (odds ratio, 12.72 [1.39–116.46]), and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (odds ratio, 3.88 [1.00–15.05]). Conclusions: The incidence of pSAH has not changed substantially over time in Finland. The majority of pSAH cases were aneurysmal and women with aneurysm had considerable mortality and morbidity. Counseling of pregnant women about smoking cessation and monitoring of blood pressure and symptoms of pre-eclampsia are important interventions to prevent pSAH.
HAJI DAN INOVASI: INVESTIGASI PROSES INOVASI PELAYANAN HAJI DALAM NEGERI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This view of innovation is a potential basis for meeting the needs of today's society. Observing the success of realizing innovation in the Hajj services sector can certainly be a breath of fresh air in facing the challenges of globalization and answering the classic pathologies of organizing the Hajj. One of them is the Yogyakarta City Ministry of Religion Office which has proven that the presence of innovative Hajj services has become a benchmark for other organizations. Based on this, this research seeks to investigate how the innovation process carried out as an integral part of realizing Hajj service innovation can be said to be successful. This study uses a qualitative research approach with strategic case studies to empirically reveal experiences in the field. The results of this research show that innovation in the Hajj Service PTSP program does not occur incidentally but can be traced into a framework for realizing innovation through the initiation, implementation and diffusion stages. The third stage in the Hajj Service PTSP innovation process should follow a simple linear model where these stages have their own actions that run progressively.
Taxus Wallichiana Zucc. (Himalayan Yew): insights on its antimicrobial and pharmacological activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Himalayan Yew) has a remarkable history of medicinal uses in contrast to the other yews. In this critical review, we focused our discussion on the anal- gesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsant, anti- pyretic and anti-cancer activity of T. wallichiana. Conclusion The isolated lignans from T. walli - chiana display many biological activi- ties that include high activity as anal- gesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsant, anti- pyretic and anti-cancer agents. Further studies are recommended to identify the mode of action of these lignans, allowing us to understand its possible role in human physiology. layas to Philippines. It is found growing in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philip- pines and Vietnam. This plant is used traditionally for the treatment of high fever and painful inflammatory conditions. The leaves of this plant are used to make herbal tea for indigestion and epilepsy. Previously published litera- tures on T. wallichiana have reported immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-convulsant activities 2,3 . In India, extracts from its bark and leaves are used in Unani medicine as a source of the drug Zarnab, prescribed as a sedative, aphrodisiac and as a treatment for bronchitis, asthma, epilepsy, snake bites and scorpion stings 4 . In Ayurvedic medicine, young shoots are used to prepare a medicinal tincture for the treatment of headache, diarrhoea and bilious- ness. The leaves are also used for the treatment of hysteria, epilepsy and nervousness. Its bark and leaves are considered to possess anti-fertility properties. It has also been used in steam baths to treat rheumatism 5 . A paste made from the bark is used to treat fractures and headaches. The inhabitants of the buffer zone villages of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in India collect the Taxus bark and leaves, mainly for traditional teas and for curing colds and coughs, a practice also commonly seen in other rural areas 6 . Extracts from this tree are also used in medicinal hair oils. In Pakistan, a decoction of the stem is used as a treatment against tuberculosis 7 . In this present critical review, we have discussed some important medicinal properties of T. wallichiana. Discussion Analgesic and anti-infl ammatory activities
On the Relationship of Viral Particles and Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Viral Vector Technology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene therapy vectors derived from different viral species have become a fixture in biomedicine, both for direct therapeutic intervention and as tools to facilitate cell-based therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapies. On the contrary, extracellular vesicles have only recently gained a massive increase in interest and, concomitantly, knowledge in the field has drastically risen. Viral infections and extracellular vesicle biology overlap in many ways, both with pro- and antiviral outcomes. In this review, we take a closer look at these interactions for the most prominent groups of viral vectors (Adenoviral, Adeno-associated and Retro/Lentiviral vectors) and the possible implications of these overlaps for viral vector technology and its biomedical applications.
Do open-market repurchases supply or demand immediacy?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I study what determines the daily executions of open-market repurchases and find that repurchase activity is higher when the markets for the stock are suffering from selling pressure consistent with repurchases supplying immediacy in the stock market. My measure for predicted returns from providing immediacy, predicted weekly return evaluated using past estimates of shortterm return reversal, allows me to distinguish between mutually non-exclusive determinants for repurchase executions, which has not been possible with earlier used measures. Selling pressure, especially if eased with past repurchases, is unlikely to last long and therefore only non-continuous repurchases supply immediacy. Results are robust among stocks with low asymmetric information and also among both overvalued and undervalued stocks. In addition, companies with a designated market maker supply immediacy when repurchasing their stock. I especially thank my advisor Matti Suominen for his advice and guidance and Antti Lehtoranta and Lukas Schmidt for their comments. I am also very grateful to Mikko Niemenmaa for helping me to collect the repurchase data and Antti Lehtinen for providing me with Helsinki Stock Exchange return data.
SAT-630 Nutritional Influences on One Carbon Metabolism Exacerbate Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Choline (Ch) exerts a key role as methyl donor in the one carbon pathway and is an essential nutrient for the optimal development and function of a number of biological systems including the cardiovascular and urinary system. Ch-deprivation has been associated with heart function impairment, insulin resistance, abnormal fat metabolism and acute kidney injury. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder with increased prevalence in aging and diabetic patients are of higher risk to develop heart and kidney failure. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary Ch-deprivation on cardiac and renal function in a streptozotocin (STZ) experimentally induced diabetic setting. Twenty-four male adult Wistar rats, were randomly separated into four groups: control, choline deficient through choline deficient diet (CD), STZ induced diabetic (DM) and diabetic-choline deficient (DM+CD) group. After 5 weeks of dietary intervention, echocardiographic measurements, myocardium and kidney histological examination along with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A165) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) immunohistochemistry expression were performed. DM+CD rats demonstrated an exacerbation of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis accompanied by preserved ejection fraction but with an increased left ventricular (LV) wall tension index and velocity and a decreased LV posterior wall thickness compared to DM group. VEGF-A165 expression both in heart and kidneys was abruptly upregulated in the CD rats with a downward trend under the diabetes mellitus entity reaching significant downregulation in the renal tissue. KIM-1 expression was significantly increased under the insult of both choline deficiency and diabetes mellitus depicting a possible synergistic, though detrimental, effect compared to each condition alone. In conclusion, five weeks of dietary choline deprivation aggravates the inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and kidneys of diabetic rats leading to organ dysfunction. The structural impairment of the choline deprived diabetic heart with evidence of stiffness and dilation of the left ventricular cavity with preserved systolic function indicates the emergence of a new distinct phenotype of cardiomyopathy that combines features of the restrictive and dilated type at the same time. Moreover, in this setting the kidney injury gets worse implying that diabetic nephropathy might establish earlier and accelerate more quickly in choline deficiency conditions.
Improved Triglycerides and Insulin Sensitivity with 3 Months of Acipimox in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context: Metabolic abnormalities such as hypertriglyceridemia remain a challenge for optimizing long-term health in HIV-infected patients. Objective: Elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) may contribute to hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in HIV. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of chronic inhibition of lipolysis in HIV-infected men and women with hypertrigyceridemia. We hypothesized that acipimox would lead to significant reductions in triglycerides and improved insulin sensitivity, compared with placebo. Design: A 3-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of acipimox (250 mg thrice daily) vs. placebo was conducted in 23 HIV-infected men and women with hypertriglyceridemia (&gt;150 mg/dl), abnormal fat distribution, and no current lipid-lowering therapy. The primary outcome variable was triglyceride concentration, and insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was a secondary outcome. Setting: The study was conducted at an academic medical center. Results: Acipimox resulted in significant reductions in FFAs [mean change −0.38 (0.06) vs. 0.08 (0.06) mEq/liter with placebo, −68 vs. +17% change from mean baseline, P &lt; 0.0001], decreased rates of lipolysis (P &lt; 0.0001), and a median triglyceride decrease from 238 mg/dl at baseline to 190 mg/dl, compared with an increase from 290 to 348 mg/dl in the placebo group (P = 0.01). Acipimox improved insulin sensitivity [acipimox +2.31 (0.74) vs. placebo −0.21 (0.90) mg glucose per kilogram lean body mass per minute, or +31 vs. −2% change from mean baseline values, P = 0.04]. Improvements in insulin sensitivity were significantly correlated with reductions in FFAs (r = −0.62, P = 0.003) and lipolysis (r = −0.59, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Acipimox resulted in significant sustained reductions in lipolysis, improved glucose homeostasis, and significant but modest reductions in triglycerides in HIV-infected individuals with abnormal fat distribution and hypertriglyceridemia. Improvement in overall metabolic profile with acipimox suggests a potential clinical utility for this agent that requires further investigation.
The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a regional study with some longitudinal data.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A regional survey of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Wellington, New Zealand in 1983 identified 245 patients, giving a prevalence (all categories included) of 72 per 100,000. Retrospective review of the history and medical records identified a poorer prognosis for disability where there was progressive onset of symptoms, secondary progression after a remitting phase, older age of onset (40 years or more), or a motor syndrome involving the limbs at presentation. In 1983 follow up data were obtained on 96 patients who were seen during a previous survey in 1968. For those with definite or probable MS, progression to severe disability (Kurtzke disability status scale (DSS) 6-9) or death (DSS 10) was seen in 26/34 with moderate disability (DSS 3-5) in 1968 and in only 5/29 with mild disability (DSS 0-2). When the analysis is confined to those with symptoms for at least five years in 1968, severe disability or death from MS occurred in 22/30 with moderate and 4/19 with mild disability (chi 2 = 10.8, p = 0.001). It is concluded that the patient's established disability level after five years of illness is a useful, but not infallible, prognostic indicator. From the follow up of the 1968 patients, the probability of MS-related mortality for a given disease duration was calculated. Using this survival distribution to adjust the disability ratings in the 1983 population, it was found that the proportion with mild disability decreased steadily with increasing disease duration, reaching 14% when the disease duration was more than 25 years.
Lost in translation: transformation in the first round of institutional audits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The South African higher education institutional audit process was introduced alongside similar endeavors internationally. However, despite many similarities, each country foregrounds different concerns within their higher education quality processes. In their seminal article, Harvey and Green suggest five possible notions of quality, one of which is quality as transformation, and in South Africa the message has been clearly stated: notions of quality are intricately related to transformation. Local research has however suggested that the notion of ‘transformation’ as quality takes on particular nuances within this country’s context. In the two institutional case studies presented here, the ‘quality as transformation’ discourse appears to have been largely lost in translation. In one university transformation was not called upon to construct notions of quality; quality was primarily constructed by a discourse of excellence. In the other institution, the transformation aspects of quality seem to have been interpreted in a particularly reductionist way as relating solely to student racial demographics. In both cases, this paper argues that the ‘quality as transformation’ discourse prevalent in the audit documentation in the South African context was lost somewhere between the intentions embodied in national documents and the processes embarked upon by institutions.
Optimalisasi TIK Dengan Memanfaatkan Whatsapp Dalam Pembelajaran Fisika Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract — ICT optimization on long distance learning process is required in situation covid-19 pandemic. One of them using Whatsapp in learning physics. Conducted research using Qualitative Deskriptive methode and collecting data using survey, observation and interview on 30 respondents who were students at XI IPA SMA IT ANNISA Kadungora. Respondents fill data through chat and the link sent to WA chat group. The results showed 40% very helped, 53% helped and 7% quite helped in communication of learning. Then 7% very helped, 86% helped and 7% quite helped in delivery of lecture. Data received was not reduce the value than face to face directly. Even it able to increase learning motivation by interactions, improving quality of communication and discussion. Respondents were very enthusiastic and suggested applying it to other learning. For next step to conducts advanced research to know the influence of utilization WA in term of achievement. Keywords— covid-19 pandemic, ICT optimization, Whatsapp, learning physics. Abstrak — Optimalisasi TIK pada proses pembelajaran jarak jauh diperlukan pada situasi pandemi Covid-19. Salah satunya menggunakan Whatsapp dalam belajar fisika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Deskriptif Kualitatif dan pengumpulan data menggunakan survey, observasi dan wawancara terhadap 30 responden yang merupakan siswa kelas XI IPA SMA IT ANNISA Kadungora. Responden mengisi data melalui chat dan link yang dikirimkan ke grup chat WA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 40% sangat terbantu, 53% terbantu dan 7% cukup terbantu dalam komunikasi pembelajaran. Kemudian 7% sangat terbantu, 86% sangat terbantu dan 7% cukup terbantu dalam penyampaian kuliah. Data yang diterima ternyata tidak mengurangi nilai dibandingkan tatap muka langsung. Bahkan mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar melalui interaksi, meningkatkan kualitas komunikasi dan diskusi. Responden sangat antusias dan menyarankan untuk menerapkannya pada pembelajaran lain. Untuk langkah selanjutnya melakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan WA terhadap pencapaian. Kata Kunci : pandemi covid-19, Optimalisasi TIK, Whatsapp, belajar fisika.
Reticulospinal Systems Mediate Atonia With Short and Long Latencies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Kohyama, Jun, Yuan-Yang Lai, and Jerome M. Siegel. Reticulospinal systems mediate atonia with short and long latencies. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 000–000, 1998. The pontomedullary region is responsible for both the tonic and phasic reduction of muscle activity in rapid-eye-movement sleep and contributes to the control of muscle tone in waking. This study focused on determining the time course of activity in the pontomedullary systems mediating atonia. Short-train stimulations (3 0.2-ms pulses at 330 Hz) of the pons and medulla suppressed neck and hindlimb muscle activity in decerebrate cats. We identified two distinct phases of suppression, early and late. The anatomic sites that produced each suppression were intermixed. We estimated the dividing value of the conduction velocity for reticulospinal projections responsible for early and late phases of hindlimb muscle tone suppression to be 22.8 m/s. In the medial medulla, 238 reticulospinal units, which send axons to the L 1 level of the spinal cord, were identified. Pontine stimulation that suppressed hindlimb muscle tone increased the firing rate of 138 units (type I). Sixteen type I units showed a delayed response to the pontine stimulation with a latency of 10 ms or longer (type Id), whereas 122 type I units exhibited an earlier response (type Ie). Seven type Ie units had an axonal conduction velocity of <22.8 m/s, whereas the remaining 115 conducted at faster than 22.8 m/s. Early and late hindlimb muscle tone suppressions were hypothesized to be mediated through fast and slow conducting type Ie reticulospinal units. The activity of type Id neurons may contribute to the cessation of the early-phase suppression as well as to the induction, maintenance, or cessation of the late-phase suppression.
On 4-regular 4-connected bipancyclic subgraphs of hypercubes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of determining the possible orders for [Formula: see text]-regular, [Formula: see text]-connected and bipancyclic subgraphs of the hypercube [Formula: see text] For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the solution to the problem is known. In this paper, we solve the problem for [Formula: see text] by proving that [Formula: see text] has a 4-regular, 4-connected and bipancyclic subgraph on [Formula: see text] vertices if and only if [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is an even integer such that [Formula: see text] Further, by improving a result of Ramras, we prove that a [Formula: see text]-regular subgraph of [Formula: see text] is either isomorphic to [Formula: see text] or has at least [Formula: see text] vertices. We also improve a result of Mane and Waphare regarding the existence of a [Formula: see text]-regular, [Formula: see text]-connected and bipancyclic subgraph of [Formula: see text] Some applications of our results are given.