jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Common and Complex <i>Notch1</i> Mutations in Chinese Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> To determine <i>Notch1</i> mutation status in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from Chinese population and its potential clinical implications.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Surgically resected OSCC tissues from 51 Chinese patients and 13 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were sequenced for mutations in the entire coding regions of <i>Notch1</i> and <i>TP53</i> using a next-generation sequencing platform. Sequences of the genes were also determined in corresponding normal tissues from 46 of the 51 patients. Mutations and their association with clinical parameters were analyzed.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Six mutations in <i>Notch1</i> and 11 mutations in <i>TP53</i> coding regions were detected in 4 (31%) and 10 (77%) of the 13 HNSCC cell lines, respectively. Forty-two somatic <i>Notch1</i> mutations, including 7 nonsense mutations and 11 mutations within the domain commonly harboring potential activating mutations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, were detected in 22 (43%) of the 51 Chinese OSCC tumors. In comparison, 25 somatic <i>TP53</i> mutations were observed in 21 (41%) of the 51 tumors. Patients whose tumors carried <i>Notch1</i> mutation had significantly shorter overall and disease-free survivals (<i>P</i> = 0.004 and <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively, by log-rank test) compared with those whose tumors carried no <i>Notch1</i> mutation. Multivariate analysis showed that both <i>Notch1</i> mutation and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors in the patient population (<i>P</i> = 0.001). All 15 patients with both <i>Notch1</i> mutation and nodal metastasis recurred or metastasized within 2 years after surgery.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b><i>Notch1</i> mutation is common in Chinese OSCC and associates with clinical outcomes. The complexity of the mutation spectrum warrants further investigation of <i>Notch1</i> in Chinese patients with OSCC. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 701–10. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Additional file 12: Table S13. of Metronomic cyclophosphamide activation of anti-tumor immunity: tumor model, mouse host, and drug schedule dependence of gene responses and their upstream regulators

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

KEGG pathways and DAVID clusters that are associated with genes preferentially up regulated (>1.33-fold) in GL261(scid) tumors treated with CPA/6d (Table S13A, B) or CPA/9d (Table S13C, D). Also shown (Table S13E) are KEGG pathways enriched in the set of genes expressed at a level 1.5-fold higher level in GL261(scid) tumors treated on the CPA/9d schedule than those treated on CPA/6d schedule. (XLSX 55 kb)
Field evidence of salt fracturing and healing in a MgCl2 cavern field

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the solution mining industry, there has been a long debate whether brine (cavern fluids) can fracture a salt formation with high leakage rates, especially under slow pressure build-up rates. The alternative is leakage via elevated permeation levels via intragranular microfissures. In this way leak-off rates are still an (exponential) function of cavern pressure. A limited test in a German (Etzel) cavern was inconclusive on the mechanism of leak-off. See Brouard (2019) for a summary on leakage tests and incidents.
Effect of cellular stress on retinoid homeostasis in the small intestine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vitamin A is an essential diet‐derived nutrient. Retinoids are compounds with Vitamin A activity and are essential for many biological processes, including proper cell function and tissue organization. The main active metabolite of Vitamin A is all‐trans retinoic acid (RA), which is critical for nuclear receptor mediated signaling for cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Retinoid signaling and RA are essential for intestinal immune homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) produce high levels of RA, which is crucial for RA‐dependent signaling, lineage commitment, and barrier function. Vitamin A deficiency can alter intestinal immune and IEC homeostasis. There are many mechanisms in place to maintain retinoic acid homeostasis, including the expression of the main intracellular chaperone protein cellular retinol binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1). CRBP1 binds to retinol and retinal, protects them from non‐specific oxidation, and facilitates their delivery to the appropriate enzymes for RA biosynthesis. CRBP1 has been shown to be decreased in diseases that display dysfunctional proliferation and differentiation, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, fibrosis, and infection. Reduction of CRBP1 directly correlates with reduction in the active metabolite, RA, and restoration of CRBP1 expression has been shown to increase RA levels and positively impact RA‐dependent outcomes. Therefore, monitoring CRBP1 and retinoid metabolite levels in response to cellular stress will provide useful information about the effect of CRBP1 loss on retinoid signaling. While previous studies have explored the effect of cellular stress on RA levels, the effect of stress on the entirety of the retinoid signaling pathway is not well understood. The objective of these studies is to systematically determine the effect of cellular stress on retinoid homeostasis. We have established three models of cellular stress, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, in two human intestinal epithelial cells lines, HIEC‐6 and Caco‐2. To mimic hypoxia, cells are treated with 0‐100 μM CoCl 2 for 24 hours. To mimic oxidative stress, cells are treated with 0‐100 μM H 2 O 2 for 24 hours. To mimic inflammation, cells are treated with 0‐1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide for 48 hours. These conditions were chosen because there was no effect on cell viability. CRBP1 and RA levels will be measured through targeted mass spectrometry methods developed by our lab. Additionally, expression levels of genes associated with retinoid metabolism will be measured. Our current data shows that RA levels decreased in response to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in both HIEC‐6 and Caco‐2 cells.
Stabilization of interdomain closure by a G protein inhibitor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inhibitors of heterotrimeric G proteins are being developed as therapeutic agents. Epitomizing this approach are YM-254890 (YM) and FR900359 (FR), which are efficacious in models of thrombosis, hypertension, obesity, asthma, uveal melanoma, and pain, and under investigation as an FR-antibody conjugate in uveal melanoma clinical trials. YM/FR inhibits the Gq/11/14 subfamily by interfering with GDP (guanosine diphosphate) release, but by an unknown biophysical mechanism. Here, we show that YM inhibits GDP release by stabilizing closure between the Ras-like and α-helical domains of a Gα subunit. Nucleotide-free Gα adopts an ensemble of open and closed configurations, as indicated by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, whereas GDP and GTPγS (guanosine 5’-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) stabilize distinct closed configurations. YM stabilizes closure in the presence or absence of GDP without requiring an intact interdomain interface. All three classes of mammalian Gα subunits that are insensitive to YM/FR possess homologous but degenerate YM/FR binding sites, yet can be inhibited upon transplantation of the YM/FR binding site of Gq. Novel YM/FR analogs tailored to each class of G protein will provide powerful new tools for therapeutic investigation.
Non-Crossing Ordered BDD for Physical Synthesis of Regular Circuit Structure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel compact BDD structure, called Non-crossing ordered BDD (NCOBDD), that can be mapped directly to a regular circuit structure. Compared with other BDD-based regular structures, NCOBDDmapped circuits reduce the costs of area, power and latency, while preserving the regularity of the structure. We also present an algorithm that uses a top-down level-bylevel sweep and a back-tracing mechanism to construct the minimum sized NCOBDD. Experimental results show that for asymmetric benchmark circuits, the average reduction on area, power and latency are 57.8%, 49.9 % and 68.7%, respectively, compared with Yet Another Decision Diagram (YADD) [14].
Struggles Over Voice: Polyphony, Appropriation, and the Construction of Truth inCountry of My Skull

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull, the first major retrospective on the TRC, has, on the one hand, been praised for its deeply passionate, literary take on a subject entangled in the discourses of politics and social science. On the other, the book has been the site of fierce controversy: Krog, a privileged Afrikaner, engages directly with her beneficiary status while simultaneously appropriating the voices of victims in her narrative. Since the book's publication, debate about the relationships between identity, voice, memory, and truth, has only become more heated. In this article, I return to Krog's seminal text as a case study of such struggles over voice, analysing Krog's engagement with multiple voices through the lenses of narrative theory and memory studies. Particularly, I apply Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of “heteroglossia” and “polyphony” and Michael Rothberg's concept of “multidirectional memory” in order to reframe the scholarly debate over the book and its ethics of memory. I contend that, though Krog tests ethical boundaries, Country's ability to confound standards of genre with a diverse set of voices and styles is both a major aesthetic feat and an act of democratisation.
A cross-cultural comparison of the self-efficacy of middle-school mathematics teachers across Turkey and the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to compare teachers' self-efficacy across Turkish and American in-service middle-school mathematics teachers. The samples consist of 379 Turkish and 245 American in-service middle-school mathematics teachers. The self-efficacy questionnaire of the Middle-school Mathematics and the Institutional Setting of Teaching (MIST) scale was used in the study. The exploratory factor analysis revealed two dimensions of the self-efficacy measures across the American and Turkish teachers, such as classroom management and student support strategies. The measurement invariance property of the scale was evaluated before comparing the means of the groups. Despite the differences between the education systems, teachers' efficacy beliefs function quite similarly across the countries. The statistically significant mean differences in the subscale scores of efficacy measures between Turkish and American samples have no practical value. In both countries, teachers reported high level of confidence in efficacy beliefs in classroom management and student support strategies.
Thermal and climatic zoning for construction in the southern part of Chile

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. This paper presents the results of the updated boundaries of thermal zones in the tree southern regions of Chile, based on the method of heating degrees-days according to hourly temperature measurements at meteorological stations in the last decade. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning of Chile has not updated these boundaries since 1999. Using the Climatic Severity index method, the relative energy consumption of dwellings was analyzed for cooling and heating in summer and winter periods, respectively. The analysis revealed that, within the limits of a single thermal zone, the energy costs for cooling in the summer period of the same house may differ by 50 %.
Needle-Free Skin Patch Vaccination Method for Anthrax

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Three immunizations of mice with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) by transcutaneous immunization (TCI) induced long-term neutralizing antibody titers that were superior to those obtained with aluminum-adsorbed rPA. In addition, rPA alone exhibited adjuvant activity for TCI. Forty-six weeks after completion of TCI, 100% protection was observed against lethal anthrax challenge.
Data from Targeting the p300/CBP Axis in Lethal Prostate Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Resistance to androgen receptor (AR) blockade in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with sustained AR signaling, including through alternative splicing of AR (AR-SV). Inhibitors of transcriptional coactivators that regulate AR activity, including the paralog histone acetyltransferase proteins p300 and CBP, are attractive therapeutic targets for lethal prostate cancer. Herein, we validate targeting p300/CBP as a therapeutic strategy for lethal prostate cancer and describe CCS1477, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the p300/CBP conserved bromodomain. We show that CCS1477 inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines and decreases AR- and C-MYC–regulated gene expression. In AR-SV–driven models, CCS1477 has antitumor activity, regulating AR and C-MYC signaling. Early clinical studies suggest that CCS1477 modulates KLK3 blood levels and regulates CRPC biopsy biomarker expression. Overall, CCS1477 shows promise for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer.</p>Significance:<p>Treating CRPC remains challenging due to persistent AR signaling. Inhibiting transcriptional AR coactivators is an attractive therapeutic strategy. CCS1477, an inhibitor of p300/CBP, inhibits growth and AR activity in CRPC models, and can affect metastatic CRPC target expression in serial clinical biopsies.</p><p><i>See related commentary by Rasool et al., p. 1011</i>.</p><p><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995</i></p></div>
Horsfield’s or western tarsier

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Horsfield’s tarsier is found in northern and western parts of Borneo, eastern Sumatra, parts of Java, and on the islands of Bangka and Belitung (Mackinnon 1986; Wolfheim 1983). It has been classified as endangered but is not rare in North Borneo (Wolfheim 1983). MacKinnon (1986) estimated the total population at about 10 million, and it is not currently classified as threatened (IUCN, 1990).
Rose Parade 2nd Division, Pasadena, Calif., 1941

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

23 photographs of the annual New Year's Rose Parade, Pasadena, California, 1941 January 1. This was the 52nd Tournament of Roses and the last official Rose Parade until 1946. Parade images include floats and other features as follows: Color guard; Chaffey Band, Ontario; Pasadena Water Dep[artmen]t; marching bands; equestrians; Salvation Army ("First Line of Defense"); "Liberty Bell"; Coca Cola; Arcadia ("The Spirit of '76"); Hotel del Coronado ("The one that got away"); San Bernardino National Orange Show; Nebraska 1869-1941; B.S.A. [Boy Scouts of America]; Ontario, California ("Washington Crossing the Delaware"); Defend America by Arming Britain; San Diego ("Our navy").
Development of transport infrastructure in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation from the position provisions of national security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The value of the Arctic regions, for contemporary Russia it is difficult to overestimate the enormous natural resource, geopolitical, and socio-economic potential makes them an area of strategic interests. It is in the Arctic that the main reserves of oil, natural gas, nickel, copper, diamonds, iron, tin, zinc, tungsten, coal and uranium are concentrated. The study revealed that the development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic regions is a priority direction of the implemented “National security strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020“. At the same time, the main purpose of the implementation of this paragraph of the Strategy is to increase the efficiency of industrial development of the Arctic regions, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for improving their socio-economic development. To achieve this goal, it is planned to create a single Arctic transport system, the key element of which will be the Northern sea route. The paper analyzes the state of the main types of transport represented in the regions of the Russian Arctic – road, water, air, rail and pipeline. Being in fact a kind of tool for the implementation of regional and national economic interests, the transport sector plays a key role in the development of these territories, allowing the delivery of raw materials and products to markets. The analysis of transport infrastructure of the Arctic areas showed their moral and physical obsolescence. Despite the fact that the volume of freight traffic transportation by sea in Russia is insignificant, the growth rate of traffic on the Northern sea route in 2018 is impressive.
The production of logistics places in France and Germany: a comparison between Paris, Frankfurt-am-Main and Kassel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Logistics is now a key concept for the analysis of the transformations of global capitalism and a central perspective for understanding the changing power relations within global production networks. Furthermore, the development of logistics relies on the construction of thousands of warehouses and terminals that are essential nodes in the circulation of goods. The production of these logistics zones entails negotiations and coalitions between local authorities and different local and global firms, and structures the everyday life of logistics workers. The aim of this article, therefore, is to analyse the production of logistics areas at metropolitan and local scale, through a comparison between Paris (France) and Frankfurt-am-Main and Kassel (Germany). Based on an interdisciplinary approach combining urban sociology, urban geography and political science, it reveals that the production of logistics places is primarily the outcome of local negotiations and legitimisation processes in which the logistics real estate investments of globalised financial markets are embedded.
Effect of Weld Defects on the Fatigue Strength of Ultra High-strength Steels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Enhancing the lightweight potential of mobile steel structures by applying high-strength steels and reducing sheet thicknesses leads to a significant increase of energy effectiveness and a reduction of noxious emissions during operation. However, due to this increase of yield and tensile strength, fracture toughness decreases and notch sensitivity rises. Hence, the local weld geometry becomes more important, especially in case of ultra high-strength steels. This paper deals with the detection and assessment of common geometric weld defects, such as undercuts, and their effect on the fatigue strength of ultra high-strength steel joints. For this purpose, butt joint specimens are welded incorporating ultra high-strength steel as base material. All specimens are judged by visual testing and the detected weld defects undergo an additional surface topography measurement prior to fatigue testing. First, an image processing based Matlab©-Routine is built up to evaluate the local geometrical properties of the weld toe including undercuts. Second, a numerical model of the actual weld geometry is generated. This is utilized to perform numerical analyses in order to compute the actual stress concentration factors as well as fatigue parameters in terms of notch stresses. The experimental work covers fatigue tests of undercut-imperfected and defect-free specimens in order to contribute to the effect of such defects on fatigue life. Finally, an enhanced fatigue assessment of welds with undercuts and high-quality joints is performed based on numerical investigations and validated by experimental results.
Evidence for a possible role of Asialo-GM1-positive cells in the graft-versus-leukemia repression of a murine type-C retroviral leukemia.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Studies were performed to examine whether, in addition to T cells, there might be other immune cells also capable of exerting a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response following allogeneic marrow transplant. Using an MHC-matched mouse model, consisting of normal B10.S donors and SJL/J Rauscher-retroviral-leukemic recipients, the donor cells were selectively depleted of their Asialo-GM1+ component prior to being infused into the leukemic recipients. The incidence of relapse was then compared against that for matched leukemic control recipients of undepleted cells from the same donors. FCM analysis of the depletion protocol indicated that exposure to anti-Asialo-GM1 antibody eliminated more than half of the donor NK1.1+ cells, but caused no significant losses among the Thy-1+, CD3+, or CD8+ cells. Nevertheless, fatal relapse among the leukemic recipients of the depleted cells was nearly double that found among the leukemic control recipients of undepleted cells, 47.5 vs 25.4% (P = 0.01). In a parallel study, using normal SJL/J recipients, this same depletion protocol was found to have no significant effect on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These results therefore suggest that Asialo-GM1+ NK cells may be capable of contributing to the suppression of relapse in this type of leukemic recipient of allogeneic marrow, and that this suppression may occur independently of GVHD.
A Research on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Lead in Indoor Dust

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Using small brush method to collect general residents' indoor dust and using common acid decomposition method to process samples,with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium nitrate as matrix modifier,graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was adopted to determine the lead in indoor dust.At the same time,quality control method such as quality control sample detection and recovery were used.It was concluded that the method's standard curve had good linearity,high recovery and good repeatability,and was suitable for the determination of lead in indoor dust.
Hawaiian Propolis: Comparative Analysis and Botanical Origin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Propolis is a resinous mixture of substances collected and processed from various botanical sources by honeybees ( Apis mellifera). We recently obtained Hawaiian propolis, the study of which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of Hawaiian propolis and to identify its botanical origin. A comparative analysis of Hawaiian and Okinawan propolis and of the glandular trichomes on Macaranga tanarius fruit (the botanical origin of Okinawan propolis) was performed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution-electrospray mass spectrometry. Hawaiian propolis contained nine prenylflavonoids that were also isolated from Okinawan propolis. In conclusion, we suggest that the botanical origin of Hawaiian propolis is M. tanarius, the same as that of Okinawan propolis.