jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Decade of Hepatitis C at the UCT/GSH Liver Clinic in the Pre-DAA era

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background \n \nHepatitis C (HCV) in South Africa is incompletely characterised and understood. Epidemiological and clinical data will better inform our understanding and assist national policy decision making. On the background of more than two decades of clinical challenges in HCV management, the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA) now makes HCV elimination plausible. To better understand the base from which we come, we elected to review and characterise our HCV experience at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) in the Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and Ribavirin (RBV) management era. \n \nMethods \n \nPatients with chronic HCV attending GSH Liver Clinic from 2002 to 2014, were included, in the analysis. Relevant data were extracted from a registry and existing clinical records accessed. Two brands of Peg-IFN were available and those treated with the first generation add-on protease inhibitor, telaprevir, were included. \n \nResults \n \n238 patients were included in the analysis, median age of 47 (IQR 37-58) years, men 60.5%. Men were significantly younger than women, 43.5 (35-52) vs 55 (42-64) years, respectively, p< 0.0001. Ethnically, the majority were white (55.9%) or mixed-ancestry (21.8%), 16.4% were HIV co-infected, 3.7% hepatitis B (HBV) co-infected and 0.4% triple infected with HCV, HBV and HIV. The most likely mode of HCV acquisition was blood/blood product exposure prior to 1992 (32.8%) and injecting drug use (IDU) 17.6%, while 30.3%, had no clear risk factor identifiable. Genotypes (GT) 1 to 5 were observed with GT-1 (34.9%) predominating. In those biopsied, (n=90), 30% ≥F3 fibrosis, with 15.6% cirrhotic. With IL28B polymorphisms, heterozygous CT (23.9%) and CC genotype (15.5%), were most frequent. 32.6% accessed Peg-IFN/Ribavirin-based therapy, 6.5% (n=5) with add-on telaprevir. GT-1 (35.1%) was most prevalent in the treatment group, followed by GT-3 (26%) and GT-5 (18.2%); 10% were HIV co-infected. Overall SVR rate was 75.3% with 37% of GT-1 not achieving SVR; 49.4% experienced adverse events including cytopaenias (32.5%) and depression (15.6%) with 15.6% requiring erythropoietin for anaemia and 15.6% GM-CSF for neutropaenia. \n \nConclusion \n \nHCV patients in the Peg-IFN/Ribavirin management era typified the epidemiology of HCV. GT distribution was pangenotypic and treatment outcomes were encouraging despite treatment challenges. Patient selection, IL28B and sensible cytopaenia support, likely accounted for this. However numbers treated were limited and the DAA era of therapy allows for a rapid expansion of therapy with now growing numbers of patients and a changing local epidemiology.
P-glycoprotein expression in HTLV-III cells after treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our results suggest that the use of PIs upregulates the expression of P-glycoprotein on HTLV IIIcc cells, showing slightly inhibited functionality for those treated with higher concentrations. The rapid extrusion of the drug by P-gp seems to limit its action. Decreased viral load in suspensions with ritonavir 20 microg/mL may represent the inactivation of the transport pump, allowing the drug to work more efficiently.
POSTERIOR LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION FOR DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS: USING NON STRUCTURAL AUTOGRAFT ALONE VERSUS INTERBODY CAGE WITH AUTOGRAFT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To compare two different techniques of inter-body fusion in treatment for single level degenerative spondylolisthesis with symptomatic spinal stenosis.Methods: Retrospective review of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior interbody fusion with and without cages. Between 1996 and 2003 there were 59 patients with single level degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis. Of these 32 were treated with complete laminectomy, interbody grafting and pedicle screw fixation. In the second group of 27 patients, the technique was modified by the incorporation of an interbody cage in an attempt to improve the restoration of lordosis. Both groups were comparable in terms of pathology, age, sex, intraoperative technique and were treated by the same surgeon. All patients were followed up at 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks with radiographs and were assessed for fusion and maintenance of lordosis at a minimum of 1 year.Results: There wa...
A hairy endoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A bezoar is the result of indigestible material that accumulates in the digestive tract, and represents 1 % of abdominal pathologies. Trichobezoar is a variant that is characterized by the ingestion of hair, nails, or eyebrows. It is frequently found in young women with associated psychiatric disorders [1]. It is suggested that the hair is trapped in the gastric folds and retained due to insufficient surface friction, which is necessary for propulsion [2].
PLS: a scheduler for pipeline synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors point out that pipelining is an effective method for optimizing the execution of a loop, especially for digital signal processing (DSP) applications where data enter a circuit regularly. Although throughput and turnaround time are two important optimization criteria, previous work emphasized mainly the throughput. It is shown that the delay time for executing an iteration of a loop has a strong relationship to the cost of the registers and the controller. By minimizing the delay, there is more silicon area to allocate to additional resources, which in turn increases throughput. Forward scheduling and a backward scheduling are iteratively used to achieve this purpose. The algorithm, called PipeLining Scheduler or PLS, can be used to pipeline a loop with or without loop-carried dependencies. Real examples are used to illustrate the method. Experiments on benchmark examples show that considerable improvement over previous approaches is attained.< >
Investigating Data Memorization in 3D Latent Diffusion Models for Medical Image Synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generative latent diffusion models have been established as state-of-the-art in data generation. One promising application is generation of realistic synthetic medical imaging data for open data sharing without compromising patient privacy. Despite the promise, the capacity of such models to memorize sensitive patient training data and synthesize samples showing high resemblance to training data samples is relatively unexplored. Here, we assess the memorization capacity of 3D latent diffusion models on photon-counting coronary computed tomography angiography and knee magnetic resonance imaging datasets. To detect potential memorization of training samples, we utilize self-supervised models based on contrastive learning. Our results suggest that such latent diffusion models indeed memorize training data, and there is a dire need for devising strategies to mitigate memorization.
MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS OF SERBIAN NATION IN BOSNIA DURING THE GREAT VIENNA WAR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the time of the Great Vienna War (1683-1699) there were large migration flows in the Balkans. The paper explains the migrations of the Orthodox (Serbian) and the Catholic population from Bosnia, which remained under the Turkish rule, to the newly liberated areas of Croatia and Slavonia. If the Bosnian migrations from this period are analzyed as a separate segment, it could be concluded that several tens of thousands of the Orthodox and Catholics migrated from Bosnia to Croatia and Slavonia, what largely resulted in filling this empty territory, strengthening the defensive power of the Habsburg Monarchy in relation to Turkey.
Characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and secondary porosities in volcanic rock reservoirs, the Katakai gas field.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Katakai gas field produces gas from the Green Tuff volcanic rock reservoirs deeper than 4000m. The "Green Tuff" volcanic rocks of Miocene age are submarine felsic volcanic units and have undergone an extensive hydrothermal alteration which has improved the pore properties of the volcanic rock reservoirs. The timing of hydrothermal alteration in the volcanic rock reservoirs is a key issue in the argument on the formation of effective reservoirs. Two scenarios can be considered: the formation of the reservoirs might have occurred after deep burial or soon after the submarine volcanism. Based on the results of isotopic, mineralogical and fluid inclusion studies, the latter scenario seems to be more rational, which can explain the hydrothermal alteration process.The alteration zoning of clay minerals and carbonates revealed two upflow zones of hydrothermal fluids. Basaltic highs in the lower half of the Green Tuff unit correspond to the presumed upflow zones. The microthermometry data of fluid inclusions show the mixing of high temperature brines with moderate temperature waters of very low salinity. It is presumed that the latter waters are of catagenesis origin in contrast to the former of modified sea water origin. Catagenesis waters are likely to have been expelled from overlying mudstones, which is conformable with the occurrence of oil inclusions in quartz amygdales.It is concluded that the hydrothermal activity followed the felsic submarine volcanism and heated overlying mudstones to commence to generate petroleum in a shorter period of time than the maturation of organic matter during burial.
THE CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACNE BACILLUS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The acne bacillus is a gram-positive, diphtheroid organism found in comedones, in the contents of acne lesions and in seborrheic filaments. In 1893, the bacillus was first noticed by Unna1in smears from comedones, but he did not cultivate it. In the following year, Hodara,2working in Unna's laboratory, succeeded in obtaining slight growth of the organism on agar plates, but was unable to transfer it. In 1897, Sabouraud3isolated it on a special acid glycerin agar by planting the central portion of seborrheic filaments on the surface of slants. Contamination with staphylococci always occurred, but these organisms were disposed of by allowing the cultures to stand several weeks or by heating them for ten hours at 65 C. In 1899, Gilchrist4obtained the organism, often in pure culture, directly from acne nodules by planting the gelatinous contents on an acid glycerin agar. He demonstrated that
The Impact of Exchange Lineage on Customers' Responses to Service Debacles and Subsequent Recovery

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Established relationships between marketers and their clients are highly valuable to firms because they lead to customers' repeat purchase behavior and also lower the firms' operating costs. Additionally, existing relationships may cause consumers to disregard negative experiences with marketers. In this study, consumers experience an incident of poor product performance for which blame is attributable to the seller. The findings demonstrate that customers who had prior relationships with a seller will be less dissatisfied, more loyal, less likely to terminate doing business with that seller, and unlikely to spread negative word-of-mouth than patrons who did not have prior relationships with the seller. These findings have strategic implications for maintaining customer relationships and designing service recovery measures.
Programming technology of NC multi-axis machining for sculptured surfaces of hydroturbine blades

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Turbine blade is the key component of hydroturbine for energy conver sion and very hard to machine. At present, NC multi-axis machining is the most effective way to make such large sculptured surface. Programming of NC multi-a xis machining is the most important for high precision and effective machining. This paper introduces the key technologies in programming of NC 5-axis machinin g for large sculpture surface of Francis hydroturbine blade including 3D modelli ng, tool path generation, cutting simulation, processes simulation, post-pr ocessing, etc. Research is made on the combination of the technologies and tech nological processes is developed and applied to the manufacture of the large hyd rturbine blades.
HIV prevention: Towards a “structural-plus” approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lack of integration and coordination between HIV prevention programmes and developmental programmes explain why many countries have not been able to halt the epidemic, and others still have unacceptably high prevalence. A framework is presented here with supporting evidence to argue that existing structural interventions may be unsustainable in the long run because they do not address core developmental issues or the “structural plus factors”. This problem emanates from the almost total administrative and intellectual disconnect between policies that address development issues and those that address HIV prevention. Usual prevention packages may result only in short term benefits. To get the most out of limited global resources on prevention, it is critical that planners recognize and understand that parallel policies for AIDS prevention and development are not going to be cost-effective and sustainable, and the only option is to approach prevention as well as development in an integrated manner.
Death in the desert: North Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The battlefield of North Africa stretched across more than a thousand kilometres of desert from Alamein (near Alexandria) to Benghazi in Cyrenaica. Libya had been an Italian colony since the 1930s, its occupation part of Benito Mussolini's quest to build a new Roman empire. His ally was Germany, in particular general Erwin Rommel and his mechanised Desert Corps. Defending Egypt was important to the Allies in order to maintain control of the Suez Canal. In August 1940, No. 3 Squadron RAAF arrived in North Africa and began operations against Axis forces in the Western Desert in November. The first land combat involving Australian infantry took place during the battle of Bardia in January 1941. Fourteen thousand Australians were besieged at Tobruk between April and August 1941, during which time 559 died. The Western Desert campaign turned decisively in the Allies' favour in November 1942 when the combined German and Italian forces were defeated in the battle of EI Alamein.
Velocity of sound profile.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter presents a novel approach to sparse Bayesian underwater acoustic signal direction estimation. The proposed method incorporates interpolation of the coprime array and signal subspace fitting. It addresses the limitations of the hydrophone coprime array in utilizing all array elements’ information and mitigates the interference of ocean noise in shallow waters, which impairs the accuracy and resolution of target direction estimation. Firstly, the hydroacoustic signals are received using a coprime array, then the missing information is filled by interpolating the virtual array elements in the virtual domain, and by optimizing the design of the atomic norm and reconstructing the covariance matrix, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is performed using all the information of the received signal. Then, the received signal is reconstructed in conjunction with the reconstructed covariance signal subspace, which effectively reduces the impact of background noise. Finally, we derive an off-grid sparse model for the reconstructed signal by exploiting sparsity in the null domain and use Bayesian learning to compute the maximum a posteriori probability of the source signal, thus achieving DOA estimation. The results of numerical simulations and sea trial experimental data indicate that the use of subarrays comprising 5 and 3 array elements, respectively, is sufficient to effectively estimate 12 source angles. Furthermore, the estimation of the DOA can be accurately carried out under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. This method effectively utilizes the degrees of freedom provided by the virtual array, reducing noise interference, and exhibiting better performance in terms of positioning accuracy and algorithm stability.
The Rift between the Army National Guard and the Active Army

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The results of the recent Quadrennial Defense Review and growing competition for declining resources have greatly exacerbated the historically uneasy relationship between the Army National Guard and the active Army. This paper explores the historical precedents and reasons for the ongoing tension between the Army components, and highlights the events leading to the current rift. Personal interviews and experiences, an Army War College Class of 1998 Total Force Survey, and published sources provide the basis for recommendations to resolve the dysfunctional relationship between the active Army and the Army National Guard.
Program will help people recover from stroke

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The University of North Dakota Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders has received a $19,500 community grant from the North Dakota Department of Health State Stroke Program.\nThe grant, Key to Success: Regaining Language and Literacy Skills, will support a one-year program that will provide a three hour, weekly literacy (reading and writing) intervention program for up to 10 individuals from the Grand Forks region who are recovering from the effects of a stroke or other related neurological difficulties. The program is being sponsored through the UND Speech, Language, and Hearing Clinic and services will be provided free of charge to qualified individuals.\nThe UND clinic serves as an educational facility for graduate student speech-language clinicians and also provides a community service for children and adults with communication disorders or differences. Graduate students work under the direct supervision of clinically certified, licensed faculty members. UND's Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders is fully accredited in Speech-Language Pathology by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech Language Pathology of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.\nFor more information about the language and literacy program supported by the grant, call the UND Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at (701) 777-3232.
PENYIMPANGAN UNSUR KEAMBIGUAN DALAM TEKA-TEKI SUNDA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research describes the deviation of ambiguity element in Sundanese riddles. The research focuses on the linguistic matter regarding the deviation, characteristics, and functions of riddles in Sundanese society. The method used was descriptive method by using riddles structure theory of Young Ho (2002) and Ullmann (2012) and the folklore theory by Tarigan (1980). Through the theory of riddle structure, it is concluded that the deviation of ambiguity element in Sundanese riddles occurs in the levels of Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics. From the folklore theory, it is determined that the characteristic of riddles in Sundanese society is the comparison of entertainment with the function of practicing cleverness.
IG2 Transmission Grating - 3 um - Fourier Transform Spectrometer spectral transmission measurement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

These data were obtained in August 2016 using the Bruker Vertex 80v Fourier Transform Spectrometer in the High-resolution Spectroscopy facility, RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK. The spectrometer was configured using the mid-infrared glowbar broadband source, with optical data collected over 1.5-6 um. The beamsplitter was KBr, and the detector was nitrogen cooled HgCdTe. The double-sided interferogram was defined to run from 0.25 cm-1 to 15000 cm-1. The resolution was 0.5 cm-1. The pinhole size was 3 mm. The averaging period was calculated by observing the Allan variance of the spectrometer under these conditions; an averaging period of 2 minutes, or 40 scans, was used for noise reduction, to achieve SNR~500 in transmission. The data was collected using the Bruker OPUS software, and exported as a .dat file to Origin Pro 2017 for processing. The grating is an ultrafast laser inscribed transmission grating fabricated by Heriot-Watt University project partners. The data contains 10 columns. The first column is the wavelength in microns, which was calculated from the wavenumber in cm-1 value provided by the spectrometer. The following columns contain the normalized transmission (measured signal divided by individual background measurement) for each wavelength, obtained by setting the grating such that the incoming beam interacts with the grating at a specific angle of incidence. These are (in order, degrees): 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 0. A short header summarizes this information.
Indication of photodynamic therapy for early stage lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Indications of photodynamic therapy for early stage lung cancer were evaluated in a study of 27 lesions in 26 cases of early stage lung cancer treated by photodynamic therapy. Complete remission was obtained in 16 lesions but remaining tumor was recognized in 11 lesions. Complete remission was obtained in cases with tumor located in only one branch of the bronchiral tree. However remaining or reccurent tumor were observed in cases with tumor located in more than two branches of the branchiral tree. Superficial tumor without metastasis located in only one branch of bronchiral tree are indications for PTD at present. This suggests that the effectiveness of PTD may be limited, at least in part, by mechanical aspects of the present system.
Method for evaluating the agile project management effectiveness in information technology enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article deals with a method for evaluating the agile project management effectiveness in information technology enterprises. The paper presents research results conducted in two stages. In the first phase criteria for evaluating agile project management were identified using expert survey and Kendall rank correlation analysis. In the next phase, comparative analysis of existing method for evaluating project management effectiveness was conducted by the authors. The result of the comparative analysis was a list of the best practice of existing methods. Based on the results of the previous stages of the study the method for evaluating the agile project management effectiveness in information technology enterprises was developed. The proposed method takes into account the features of the agile concept and the best practices of existing methods and techniques. The method includes 8 stages, each of which is necessary to obtain the planned result. The peculiarity of the proposed method is that it can be used for current and posteriori evaluation, as well as the method consists of both quantitative and qualitative indicators. The proposed method was tried out in projects of information technology company Abak-Press. The approbation results led to the conclusion that the developed method can be used in practice of information technology company.