jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The subpopulation of CD105 negative mesenchymal stem cells show strong immunomodulation capacity compared to CD105 positive mesenchymal stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most popular stem cells applied in disease treatment. MSCs can be isolated and in vitro expanded from various sources such as bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, and adipose tissue. According to Dominici et al. (2006), MSCs should express CD105, an essential marker used to confirm MSCs. However, some recent studies have show that MSCs contained a subpopulation that is negative for CD105. This study aimed to compare the immune modulation capacity of 2 populations of CD105 positive (CD105+) and negative (CD105-) MSCs derived from 2 sources: human adipose tissue (AT) and human umbilical cord (UC). Methods: MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues (adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells – AT-MSCs) and human umbilical cord (umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells – UC-MSCs) according to previously published protocols. The two populations of CD105- and CD105+ MSCs were sorted based on the expression of CD105 from AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs. Four populations of CD105 (AT-MSCs, CD105+ AT-MSCs, CD105- UC-MSCs, and CD105+ UC-MSCs) were used to compare the phenotype as well as in vitro differentiation potential; then they were used to evaluate the immune modulation capacity by allogeneic T cell suppression and cytokine release. Results: The results showed that CD105- MSCs from AT and UC exhibited an immune modulation capacity that was much stronger than CD105+ MSCs from the same source of AT and UC. The strong immunomodulation of CD105- MSCs may relate to autocrine production of TGF-beta 1 by MSCs. Conclusion: The results suggested that CD105- MSCs are promising MSCs for application in regenerative medicine, especially for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation.
Heading South! Importing Discourse Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Postmodern critiques problematise the import of social psychology into non-western contexts on epistemological and ideological grounds. Yet, British approaches to the discipline remain popular with critical social psychologists in South Africa. One such import product is discourse analysis, which, as a “postmodern” social psychology, seemingly resolves challenges of “intellectual colonialism” by endorsing a constructionist understanding of social psychological phenomena. However, by extending a conception of language into a discursive ontology enables only a partial social psychological understanding of the often insidious nature of experience and social conduct even when discourses change. What is required is an understanding of these aspects of social agency as also pre-reflexively and non-propositionally patterned, making necessary a conception of culture that works, so to speak, directly on the body. This remains impossible in a theoretical system that has to fall back on the notions of reflexivity and ideology in order to explain the social and political determination of experience and meaningful conduct.
The Fetish of the Ephemeral, the Praxis of Repetition, and the Logic of the Archive

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"When the very special nature of performance’s evanescence gets emphasized, it is the logic of the archive that lurks beneath the argument, the logic which opposes the residue with the lost and vanished. For a good part of theater scholars, it is the lost and vanished that is valuable; for the archivist it is always the remainder, haunted forever by what’s lost. This paper shall not offer a theoretical overview of the scholarship on repetition or its philosophical interpretations; instead, it will use the concept exclusively in relation with theater plays, theater art, and more broadly the so-called performance arts, in order to reaffirm the bodily dimension of preservation and archiving the theatrical experience. Keywords: theatre, repetition, theatre communication, spectatorship, archive "
Reductions of well-ordering principles to combinatorial theorems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A well-ordering principle is a principle of the form: If $X$ is well-ordered then $F(X)$ is well-ordered, where $F$ is some natural operator transforming linear orders into linear orders. Many important subsystems of Second-order Arithmetic of interest in Reverse Mathematics are known to be equivalent to well-ordering principles. We give a unified treatment for proving lower bounds on the logical strength of various Ramsey-theoretic principles relations using characterizations of the corresponding formal systems in terms of well-ordering principles. Our implications (over $RCA_0$) from combinatorial theorems to $ACA_0$ and $ACA_0^+$ also establish uniform computable reductions of the corresponding well-ordering principles to the corresponding Ramsey-type theorems.
A Semantically Rich Framework for Knowledge Representation of Code of Federal Regulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Federal government agencies and organizations doing business with them have to adhere to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The CFRs are currently available as large text documents that are not machine processable and so require extensive manual effort to parse and comprehend, especially when sections cross-reference topics spread across various titles. We have developed a novel framework to automatically extract knowledge from CFRs and represent it using a semantically rich knowledge graph. The framework captures knowledge in the form of key terms, rules, topic summaries, relationships between various terms, semantically similar terminologies, deontic expressions, and cross-referenced facts and rules. We built our framework using deep learning technologies like TensorFlow for word embeddings and text summarization, Gensim for topic modeling, and Semantic Web technologies for building the knowledge graph. In this article, we describe our framework in detail and present the results of our analysis of the Title 48 CFR knowledge base that we have built using this framework. Our framework and knowledge graph can be adopted by federal agencies and businesses to automate their internal processes that reference the CFR rules and policies.
The larval midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): light and electron microscopy studies of the epithelial cells

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The morphology of the midgut epithelium cells of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) larvae is described by light and transmission electron microscopy. The midgut of A. gemmatalis is the largest portion of the digestive tract, with three distinct regions: proximal, media and distal. Its wall is formed by pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue having four cell types: columnar, goblet, regenerative, and endocrine cells. The columnar cells are numerous and long, with the apical portion showing many lengthy microvilli and the basal portion invaginations forming a basal labyrinth. The goblet cells have a large goblet-shaped central cavity delimited by cytoplasmic projections filled with mitochondria. The regenerative cells present electron-dense cytoplasm and few organelles. The endocrine cells are characterized by electron-dense secretory granules, usually concentrated in the cytoplasm basal region.
Three‐dimensional printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery: Current landscape and future directions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology continues to develop at a rapid pace, with the potential to revolutionise multiple industries and fields including medicine. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are particularly well placed to advance and integrate this technology into practice. This review provides a summary of 3D printing and discusses the current and future applications of this technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery, including the production of surgical planning models, training tools, cutting guides and personalised implants. While early research is promising, there still remains a paucity of large‐scale, well‐controlled clinical studies supporting the use of 3D printing technologies for many of these applications. There are also a number of other technical and regulatory challenges which will need to be addressed as this technology is taken up more widely.
(.+-.)-3-Phenylhexahydrophthalides. Synthesis and structural assignments

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(.+-.)-3-Phenylhexahydrophthalides. Synthesis and structural assignmentsNaser Pourahmady and Edmund J. EisenbraunCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 18, 3067–3070Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00166a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00166a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Model Health, Safety and Work Environment Factors as Prediction of Work Motivation on Construction Projects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Construction project work is one of the high-risk jobs. Based on statistical data on construction accidents in the last ten years, it continues to increase, which has an impact on decreasing work productivity and at the same time a threat to the health, safety and environment of the workforce. Efforts to increase awareness of Health, Safety and the Work Environment (HSE)for workers are important to provide encouraging attitudes and safe actions in preventing the risk of accidents and diseases caused by work, thereby increasing worker productivity.Motivation is a form of encouragement from within the employee to behave and act. The productivity of a construction project is closely related to the motivation of the workforce.The purpose of this study is to determine an effective model of health, safety and work environment (HSE) and to know the relationship between HSE factors as a prediction of work motivation to prevent the risk of work accidents.The research method used was a questionnaire survey distributed to 35 construction workers / contractors such as project managers, experts, project implementers, foremen and construction workers in buildings with more than five floors.Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares. Work accidents affect HSE workers, which then makes work activities delayed, work costs increase, even the quality of work decreases. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent work accidents through work motivation as psychological interventions in understanding HSE factors for increasing worker productivity on construction projects.The results of this study confirm that the worker's health factors are able to predict work motivation and work motivation in stages of work productivity, meaning that the better the health of workers will increase work motivation and the higher the work motivation, the higher work productivity. Work environment factors indirectly have a positive effect on work productivity, meaning that the better the work environment, the higher the work productivity through work motivation.
The Decoupled Kinematics of high-z QSO Host Galaxies and their Lya halos

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a comparison of the interstellar medium traced by [CII] (ALMA), and ionised halo gas traced by Lya (MUSE), in and around QSO host galaxies at z~6. To date, 18 QSOs at this redshift have been studied with both MUSE and high-resolution ALMA imaging; of these, 8 objects display a Lya halo. Using datacubes matched in velocity resolution, we compare and contrast the spatial and kinematic information of the Lya halos and the host galaxies' [CII] (and dust-continuum) emission. We find that the Lya halos extend typically 3-30 times beyond the interstellar medium of the host galaxies. The majority of the Lya halos do not show ordered motion in their velocity fields, whereas most of the [CII] velocity fields do. In those cases where a velocity gradient can be measured in Lya, the kinematics do not align with those derived from the [CII] emission. This implies that the Lya emission is not tracing the outskirts of a large rotating disk that is a simple extension of the central galaxy seen in [CII] emission. It rather suggests that the kinematics of the halo gas are decoupled from those of the central galaxy. Given the scattering nature of Lya, these results need to be confirmed with JWST IFU observations that can constrain the halo kinematics further using the non-resonant Ha line.
Appropriate therapy for fistulizing and fibrostenotic Crohn's disease: results of a multidisciplinary international expert panel (EPACT II)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Many therapeutic decisions in the management of fistulizing and fibrostenotic Crohn's disease (CD) have to be taken without the benefit of strong scientific evidence. For this reason, explicit appropriateness criteria for CD fistula and stenosis treatment were developed by a multidisciplinary European expert panel in 2004 with the aim of making them easily available on the Internet and thus allowing individual case scenario evaluation; these criteria were updated in 2007. Methods Twelve international experts convened in Geneva, Switzerland in December 2007. Explicit clinical scenarios, corresponding to real daily practice, were rated on a 9-point scale based on evidence from the published literature and panelists' own expertise. Median ratings were stratified into three categories: appropriate (7-9), uncertain (4-6) and inappropriate (1-3). Results Overall, panelists rated 60 indications pertaining to fistulas. Antibiotics, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine and conservative surgery are the mainstay of therapy for simple and complex fistulas. In the event of previous failure of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine therapy, methotrexate and infliximab were considered appropriate for complex fistulas. The panel also rated 72 indications related to the management of fibrostenotic CD. The experts considered balloon dilation, if the stricture was endoscopically accessible, stricturoplasty and bowel resection to be appropriate for small bowel fibrostenotic Crohn's disease, and balloon dilation and bowel resection appropriate for fibrostenotic colonic disease. In the presence of an ileocolonic or ileorectal anastomotic stricture of <7 cm, endoscopic balloon dilation, and bowel resection were considered appropriate. Conclusion Antibiotics, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, and conservative surgery are the mainstay of therapy for fistulizing Crohn's disease. Infliximab is a therapeutic option in patients without prior response to immunosuppressant therapy. In fibrostenotic Crohn's disease, endoscopic balloon dilation, if feasible, or surgical therapy should be considered. These expert recommendations are available online (www.epact.ch). Prospective evaluation is now needed to test the validity of these appropriateness criteria in clinical practice.
Selective transmission of the seedling yellows‐type genotypic variants of Citrus tristeza virus by Aphis gossypii in northern Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has existed in northern Iran for more than five decades. The long‐time interaction of different virus genotypes with Aphis gossypii , as the only aphid vector of CTV in northern Iran, has led to the emergence of highly virulent subpopulations, among others, in the established foci. Here, we studied the population structure of the originally established CTV isolates present in Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu ) trees imported from Japan, and subisolates thereof, formed following experimental transmission by A . gossypii , as well as those evolved through natural transmission by this aphid species in the groves. Symptoms of the naturally spread and the experimentally aphid‐transmitted isolates were similar to those of the Satsuma CTV source isolates for all indicator plants except for sour orange ( Citrus aurantium ) and grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ), with the aphid‐transmitted isolates additionally inducing severe seedling yellows and stunting in these two indicators. Studies on the population heterogeneity of these isolates through comparison of their single‐strand conformational polymorphism profiles and nucleotide sequences of the 25 kDa capsid protein gene from the predominant haplotypes, and dot‐blot hybridization signals, revealed the presence of two major T36‐ and SY568‐ (or NUagA‐) like genotypes along with a minor poorly characterized one in the originally infected Satsuma trees; in contrast, only a certain genomic variant having the highest similarity to the isolate SY568 (and NUagA) was predominant both in the naturally infected trees and in those infected experimentally by A . gossypii . It seems that transmission by A . gossypii to sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ) has led to the preponderance of the CTV genomic variants inducing severe seedling yellows in northern Iran.
Example of non-linearizable quasi-cyclic subgroup of automorphism group\n of polynomial algebra

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that every finite subgroup of automorphism group of\npolynomial algebra of rank 2 over the field of zero characteristic is\nconjugated with a subgroup of linear automorphisms. We prove that it is not\ntrue for an arbitrary torsion subgroup. We construct an example of abelian\n$p$-group of automorphism of polynomial algebra of rank 2 over the field of\ncomplex numbers, which is not conjugated with a subgroup of linear\nautomorphisms.\n
Microemulsions as Emerging Electrolytes: The Correlation of Structure to Electrochemical Response

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We describe the structural studies of microemulsions (μEs) prepared from water, toluene, butanol, and polysorbate 20 (PS20) that we recently used as electrolytes. Small-angle neutron scattering was used to monitor the development of the bicontinuous system as a function of the water-to-surfactant mass ratio on a constant oil-to-surfactant dilution line, revealing how the domain size, correlation length, amphiphilicity factor, and bending moduli change with composition. Kratky and Porod analyses are also employed, providing further structural detail of the scattering domains. We demonstrate that controlling the water-to-surfactant ratio with a constant oil-to-surfactant dilution affects the bicontinuous phase, reveals a sizeable compositional region with structural similarities, and provides insight into the correlation of structure to physical properties. Voltammetric results are presented to examine how the evolution of the bicontinuous structure formed in a μE prepared from water, toluene, butanol, and PS20 contributes to the electrochemical response. These findings, therefore, provide essential information that will guide the formulation of μEs as electrolytes for energy storage.
Giving the arts a social jolt - an extra-curricular arts programme for youths from low-income families.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

My study is based on how a holistic arts education in a non-profit arts organization, The Little Arts Academy (LAA), provide pathways and opportunities for youth in low-income families to interact with the arts and the social impact on these youth participants. I have conducted interviews with 15 youth participants from low-income families to find out their experiences prior to and within LAA, and their individual thoughts about it. My primary questions provide a framework for the interview. My primary research questions are: 1. How does socio-economic status and class upbringing influence the cultural and social capital youths from low-income families have? 2. How does it in turn shape the way one perceive arts experiences within an institution like LAA? 3. Are institutional agents within an arts institution like LAA able to influence cultural and social capital accumulation for youths from low-income families? How is the process like?
The 10th Flora Malesiana Symposium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The 10th Flora Malesiana Symposium was held at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) between 11 and 15 July 2016 and was attended by 185 researchers from 25 countries. Over five days, taxonomists, horticulturists and conservationists came together to present and discuss their research on the plant diversity of the Malesian region. Over 160 presentations were given and a series of very popular workshops was run.
Grid Identification and Adaptive Voltage Control in a Smart Transformer-Fed Grid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The interaction of the smart transformer (ST) with the grid-converter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) could trigger instability. Recent research efforts have been made to study the stability issues of the DERs in an ST-fed grid and the corresponding stabilization methods. Differently from the previous investigation focused on the DERs' stability, this paper studies the impacts of the increasing penetration of grid-converter-based devices on the ST low voltage side converter, in particular the stability margin degradation in the low-frequency range. To improve the stability margin, a lead element filter (LEF)-based voltage control offers a simple and flexible solution, which is able to alleviate resonance and achieve phase compensation. Considering the variation of grid characteristics, the resonant frequency is online identified and used for the parameter tuning of LEF. Moreover, the grid characteristics in frequency domain can be thereby estimated using the vector fitting method based on the frequency sweeping data. The robustness and sensitivity analysis are carried out, showing that the proposed voltage control is insensitive to the changes of system parameters of local grid converters. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.