jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Anesthesiologists during a Disaster in the Operating Room

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

東日本大震災などの大災害をきっかけとして，各施設の防災に対する機運が高まり，対策が講じられている．しかし，いくら対策を議論していても実際の運用時に戸惑っていては，その対策が有効であるとは言いがたい．手術室での災害時には自身の身の安全を守ることはもちろんだが，手術を受けている患者を蔑ろにすべきではない．麻酔科医は，手術室での事態を掌握し適切に対応する舵取りを担っている．単独の手術室のみならず複数の手術室すべてのリーダーシップを取る必要がある．このため，手術室特有の構造とともに災害時に講ずべき対策を理解する必要がある．災害時には手術室全体のリーダー（インチャージ）は，医療機器の損傷具合などの各部屋の状況を掌握し，病院からの指示を受け，適切な判断の下に手術室全体の指示を出す．災害状況との兼ね合いで，現在進行中の手術を継続あるいは中断すべきかの判断を個々の状況に応じて下すように関連各所と連携を取る必要がある．緊急時に適切に対応するためには，災害対策マニュアルに従って，日々の訓練を行うことが重要であり，緊急時の対処は，対応の不足や混乱などがないようアクションカードに従うべきである．「手術医療の実践ガイドライン（改訂版）」に記載された事項を抜粋して解説していく．
Drug Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anxiety disorders represent the most common group of serious psychiatric conditions affecting children and adolescents. In a community-based study, approximately 3 percent of 9-to-17-year-olds had a diagnosable anxiety disorder that caused serious impairment.1 Yet, there is little information from rigorously controlled studies on the efficacy of the pharmacologic treatment of these disorders. Thus, the report by the Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group2 in this issue of the Journal provides a much-needed examination of the topic.The study group evaluated the efficacy of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, in boys and girls who were 6 to 17 years . . .
Evaluation and Selection of Supplier Based on Improved Grey Relation Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the supply chain management, main manufactures attach increasing importance to their partnerships' effect. In order to select partnerships properly, certain attributes of the partnerships should be carefully analysis. Supplier selection is a multi criteria problem which multi attributions of the suppliers should be considered in SCM (supply chain management). A grey relation analysis was proposed, so as to make up for the inconsistent judgments. In order to avoid objective influencing factors, the weight was determined by using distance analysis method. A practical case study illustrates its efficiency and effectiveness.
Partial purification and characterization of a 60000-dalton phosphoprotein from pig heart tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A 60 000-dalton phosphoprotein (pp60) was purified up to 10(4)-fold by a combination of low-ionic-strength extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, on-exchange and affinity chromatography, all in detergent-free buffer. Fractionation on omega-aminohexylagarose column shows that pp60 actually consists of two different polypeptides of similar molecular mass (pp60 omega 1 and pp60 omega 2). Partial hydrolysis with proteases of the proteins 32P-labeled in vitro indicates that pp60 omega 1 and pp60 omega 2 are similar but not identical. On the other hand, individual phosphoamino acid analysis reveals that pp60 omega 1 is phosphorylated primarily at serine residues while pp60 omega 1 is phosphorylated almost equally at serine and threonine residues. Partial hydrolysis with proteases has been also used to explore a possible relationship between the pp60's and the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (pp60v-src). Our data suggest that pp60v-src also consists of two different polypeptides chemically homologous to the presently purified pp60's.
Epidemiology of boutonneuse fever in western Sicily: accidental laboratory infection with a rickettsial agent isolated from a tick.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is reported of an accidental laboratory infection with a strain of Spotted Fever-Group Rickettsiae freshly isolated from a tick collected in Western Sicily. Inoculation into the left thumb of cell-cultured organisms (10(5)/ml) gave rise to clinical signs and symptoms of Boutonneuse Fever after six days, i.e., a lesion at the point of inoculation, fever, headache, conjunctivitis and myalgias. Rickettsiae were isolated from acute-phase blood samples collected from the infected individual and IgM and IgG response was detected in the patient's serum by indirect immunofluorescence. Complete recovery was obtained after antibiotic treatment. Serologic analysis of the strain, together with analyses of the proteins of the isolate, documented that the isolate was Rickettsia conorii and was identical to prototype strain. The relationship of this infection to ongoing studies on the epidemiology of Boutonneuse Fever in Western Sicily is discussed.
Understanding Peritoneal Fluid Estrogen and Progesterone Concentrations Permits Individualization of Medical Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Lower Doses, Especially in Adolescents Not Requiring Contraception

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the importance of peritoneal fluid steroid hormone concentrations to understand the mechanism of hormonal medical treatment of endometriosis-associated pain. Design: The study included a PubMed search and a pilot trial in 8 adolescents. Results: Oral contraceptives (OCs) were designed to inhibit ovulation in all women, and doses are much higher than the mean ovulation-inhibiting dose. Therefore, in most women, half a dose and in some women, even less is sufficient to inhibit ovulation. The inhibition of ovarian function and ovulation decreases estrogen and progesterone concentrations in plasma and peritoneal fluid. Surprisingly, the effect on peritoneal fluid steroid hormone concentrations has not been considered to explain the impact on endometriosis-associated pain. The lowering of the high estrogen concentrations in peritoneal fluid is sufficient to explain the pain decrease in superficial and ovarian endometriosis. A direct progesterone effect is unlikely, given the high progesterone concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of ovulatory women. In 8 adolescents, half an OC dose resulted in an apparently similar pain relief as a full dose (personal observation). Conclusions: The decrease in ovarian and superficial pelvic endometriosis-associated pain with OCs can be explained by lowering the intra-ovarian and the high estrogen concentrations in peritoneal fluid after ovulation. A direct progesterone effect is unlikely. Since OCs are severely overdosed in most women, half a dose is sufficient in most with fewer side effects, permitting individualization of therapy in women not requiring contraception. Understanding peritoneal fluid also explains that hormone replacement therapy is not contraindicated in most women with a history of endometriosis. Since the mechanisms of medical therapy of endometriosis-associated pain and the prevention of progression might be different, the growth of lesions must be monitored during treatment.
Kochanek Sybilli Thompson Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej – Utopia czy dystopia?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska’s futurological fantasy from 1926 entitled Kochanek Sybilli Thompson (The Lover of Sybilla Thompson) seems to be a realistic social utopia. On the one hand, it reflects the spirit of the moral revolution of the interwar period and refers to the beginnings of aesthetic medicine and cosmetic treatments aimed at rejuvenation. On the other hand, it heralds – how aptly – the era of hippie free love, polyamorous relationships of the 1970s, the time of the next sexual revolution, but also the time of much more advanced plastic surgeries and cosmetic technologies. However, a careful reading of the drama allows us to see the critical (and also satirical) dimension of the story about a seventy eight-year-old woman who decided to rejuvenate herself in order to experience physical love once again. Joyful utopia becomes sad dystopia. In my article I look at this dualism: utopian – dystopian, realistic – fantastic, joyful – sad, young – old, modern – conservative, and the game of tension between oppositional concepts.
Comparison of FSH Pre-treatment Versus Upfront hCG and FSH Regimens for Inducing Spermatogenesis in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Appropriate gonadotropin therapy regimen for the induction of spermatogenesis in congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH) patients is a matter of debate. Pre-treatment with hCG is discouraged, while the rationale for FSH pre-treatment is that it mimics minipuberty, thereby being expected to be better than upfront combined hCG and FSH therapy. Methods: A prospective RCT was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology of a tertiary centre. 24 azoospermic males between 17y and 40y of age with congenital HH were randomized into two groups. Group A ( n = 12) received upfront combined hCG and FSH, while group B (n = 12) was given pre-treatment with FSH for 3 months, before addition of hCG. Results: Patients were followed up for a maximum duration of 18 months. Overall success rate was 91.3% (21/23). In group A, 100% (12/12) responded to treatment compared with 81.8% (9/11) in group B, with significantly lesser median (IQR) time to spermatogenesis of 10.5 (9–12) months in group A, compared to 15 (13.5–16.5) months in group B ( P = 0.007). Maximum sperm concentration [median (IQR)] attained in group A and B was 30 (15.5–47) million/mL and 20 (7.5–34.5) million/mL, respectively ( P = 0.292). Sonographic bi-testicular volume (median) increased to 8.05 (7.13–10.57) mL in group A and 9.2 (5.45–14) mL in group B. Conclusion: Both FSH pre-treatment and upfront combined hCG and FSH have a favourable outcome in initiating spermatogenesis in congenital HH, with the time to initiation of spermatogenesis favouring combined treatment.
Effect of organic matter and chemical fertilizers on the degradation of benthiocarb and mcpa herbicides in the soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The degradation of herbicides in soils amended with rice straw, compost and NPK chemical fertilizers was investigated in the laboratory under upland, oxidative-flooded (aerobic-flooded) and reductive-flooded (anaerobic-flooded) conditions using 14C-benthiocarb and 14C-MCPA labelled at the phenyl ring. Rice straw, compost and NPK amendments promoted the degradation of these herbicides under upland and oxidative-flooded conditions and large amounts of 14CO2 were evolved. Under reductive-flooded conditions, the degradation of the herbicides was remarkably slow and the various soil amendments had practically no effect on the degradation of the two herbicides. 4-Chlorobenzoic acid, desethylbenthiocarb, benthiocarb sulfoxide and 4-chlorobenzyl methyl sulfone were found to be the major degradation products of benthiocarb. Rice straw amendments appeared to increase the amount of benthiocarb sulfoxide but the amount of desethylbenthiocarb was reduced by both rice straw and compost, especially under upland conditions. 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol, which was the major degradation product of MCPA, was produced in relatively large amounts in the rice straw amendment under oxidative-flooded conditions and in the NPK amendment under upland conditions.
Apprenticeship in Canada: A Training System Under Siege?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper first reviews apprenticeship trends in Canada over the last two decades. It then examines prospects for labour market conditions for the total economy and for the construction sector to the year 2005 based on scenarios developed by the forecasting firm Informetrica for the IAS committees examining labour market trends in the construction trades. The paper finds that the apprenticeship system has a number of serious weaknesses. The trends described in this paper raise serious questions about the ability of the apprenticeship system in Canada to produce an adequate supply of qualified workers for the economy. As suggested by the title of this paper, the apprenticeship system may be under siege. If external pressure on the apprenticeship system to reform ?arising from a tight labour market ?continues to be weak, the impetus to reform the apprenticeship system must come from inside the system. Attention should focus on the reasons why Canada’s apprenticeship system appears unable to have its apprentices complete their programs in a timely manner, if at all; why the apprenticeship system has not expanded outside traditional occupations; and why women are not attracted to apprenticeship programs.
Programming with intention: fostering positive youth development through recreation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The intent of this project is to create a staff handbook for Northern Star Kids, a non-profit organization in Prince George, BC, that offers free quality recreation opportunities for children living in financial poverty. Research has shown that children living in financial poverty are less likely than their middle class peers to participate in organized recreational opportunities or to remain committed without support. The Northern Star staff handbook will help to address these issues by equipping staff with the tools to deliver a high quality program to the children in the organization's service area. The staff handbook has three main functions: a) to ensure the vision, philosophy, and goals of Northern Star Kids are sustained over time b) to create a culture of consistency in the delivery of programs and staff interactions with youth and c) to articulate a program focused on the unique needs of youth living in financial poverty.
ڈاکٹر داؤد رہبر بحیثیت شاعر: ایک تعارف

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Daud Rahber (1926 - 5 October 2013) was a scholar of comparative religions, Arabic, Persian, Urdu literature and Indian classical music. Rahber is regarded as accomplished essayist, poet, composer, translator, philosopher, contributer to Inter civilization dialogue, musicologist, drummer, singer and guitarist. In 1949, he left Pakistan for Cambridge University where he got his Ph.D. He served as a teacher at reputable Universities in Canada and Turkey. His love for poetry and music can never be subsided. In 1968, he became a member of the faculty of Boston University where he taught comparative religions for 23 years. He retired in 1991 and settled in Florida. In rich tradition of Urdu poetry, Daud Rahber's comprehensive 'kulliyat' and 'Baqiyat' show an amazing breadth of content. His diction includes words from Hindi, Arabic, Persian and Urdu, all assimilated into flawless, rhythmic phrases. He is sensitive to the human conditions and always sees the infinite in the infinitesimal. His poetry is a colourful canvas portraying all around him.
A visual environment for specifying global reduction operations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an approach to specifying the different types of global reduction operations without laboriously coding the source code using the traditional textual approach. We use the visual environment provided by the system called active knowledge studio (AKS) to specify, modify, view, or run the specification. As a background, we give an overview of the AKS system and the main technique being employed that is using 'CyberFilms' in building programs. Although the main focus of this paper is to show how to override at the lowest level the default parameters supplied by the system, we also include a sufficient background about the higher levels so that the reader can relate the lowest level with the other higher levels in the hierarchy of specification. In general, this paper discusses how to specify global reduction operations using a language of micro-icons and shows how the visual programming environment supports the manipulation with these micro-icons.
Survey of Big Data Information Security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today the information security (IS) of data mining is the crucial and comprehensive issue for organizations of the different spheres and size. The main challenges of Big Data IT are management of large amounts of heterogeneous information and providing its availability. Big Data protection against unauthorized access and corruption (keeping its confidentiality and integrity) as well as availability maintenance form the key research priorities in this field. The issues related to providing these Big Data features are considered in the paper. The existing approaches to their solution are analyzed. Some concepts for their improvement while designing the secure Big Data mining algorithm are formulated in accordance to IS properties.
Putting Question-Answering Systems into Practice

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional information retrieval (such as that offered by web search engines) impedes users with information overload from extensive result pages and the need to manually locate the desired information therein. Conversely, question-answering systems change how humans interact with information systems: users can now ask specific questions and obtain a tailored answer—both conveniently in natural language. Despite obvious benefits, their use is often limited to an academic context, largely because of expensive domain customizations, which means that the performance in domain-specific applications often fails to meet expectations. This article proposes cost-efficient remedies: (i) we leverage metadata through a filtering mechanism, which increases the precision of document retrieval, and (ii) we develop a novel fuse-and-oversample approach for transfer learning to improve the performance of answer extraction. Here, knowledge is inductively transferred from related, yet different, tasks to the domain-specific application, while accounting for potential differences in the sample sizes across both tasks. The resulting performance is demonstrated with actual use cases from a finance company and the film industry, where fewer than 400 question-answer pairs had to be annotated to yield significant performance gains. As a direct implication to management, this presents a promising path to better leveraging of knowledge stored in information systems.
Perception of Medical Superintendents of Public Hospitals Regarding Factors Affecting Health in Punjab, Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to know the leading responsible factors affecting health in the Punjab province. METHODS: The universe of the study was all Teaching, District Headquarters (DHQs) and Tehsil Headquarter (THQs) hospitals in the province. The Sample size was taken 30 percent by using stratified-random sampling method. Strata's were made on the basis of the category of hospitals i.e teaching, DHQ and THQ hospitals. Out of total 23 teaching hospitals, 7 (30%), out of 34 DHQs, 10 (30%) and out of 88 THQs, 26 (30%) hospitals were selected randomly by using lottery method. Medical Superintendents/ heads of all selected hospitals were interviewed by using interview schedule. RESULTS: 29/43 (67.4%) experts considered social factors, 10/43 (23.2%) economic whereas 04/43 (9.3%) experts believed that psychological factors effected health in the province. Major social factors given were unsafe drinking water, wide spread pollution, lack of awareness about hygiene & Infectious or communicable diseases, unhygienic conditions at home & environment, poor sanitation system and life style & behavioral choices. Poverty/ low per capita income, high inflation rate and high prices of medicines have been considered as economic factors whereas depression, anxiety and aggression were enumerated as prevailing psychological factors affecting health by the experts. CONCLUSION: Social factors were found as leading responsible factors affecting health in the Punjab province. Social factors were further originating economic as well as psychological issues which affect health.
Biodiversity and biogeography in heterospecific teleostean (Gadidae) – copepod (Lernaeocera) associations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This genetic study confirms the validity of two controversial parasite species, Lernaeocera branchialis and Lernaeocera lusci (Copepoda, Pennellidae). These species cohabit throughout a large sector of the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, parasitizing Merlangius merlangus and Trisopterus luscus (Teleostei, Gadidae), respectively. In the Mediterranean Sea, it was L. branchialis that was described initially. We have shown, however, that it is L. lusci that parasitizes T. luscus and Merluccius merluccius in this geographical area. The distribution of L. lusci, as well as that of its host, T. luscus, must extend into the Mediterranean. Lernaeocera lusci has colonized a phylogenetically distant host (Merluccius merluccius) in the Mediterranean and our results show that this species has become the preferred host for the maturation of L. lusci in this region. In addition, we have demonstrated the existence of genetic differentiation between T. luscus from the Atlantic and from the western Mediterranean. Thus, it is possible that the specialization of L. lusci in a new resource (M. merluccius) in the Mediterranean might be related to biological changes undergone by this copepod's original host, Trisopterus luscus. In contrast to other parasite groups such as the Monogenea, the specialization of species of the genus Lernaeocera would appear to depend more on ecological parameters (relative abundance and availability of resources) than on phylogenetic constraints. The relationships within these host–parasite systems are therefore compared with the predator–prey relationships.
Data from Comprehensive Analysis of the <i>MYB-NFIB</i> Gene Fusion in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Incidence, Variability, and Clinicopathologic Significance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of the <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), to establish the clinicopathologic significance of the fusion, and to analyze the expression of <i>MYB</i> in ACCs in the context of the <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusion.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We did an extensive analysis involving 123 cancers of the salivary gland, including primary and metastatic ACCs, and non-ACC salivary carcinomas. <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusions were identified by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and sequencing of the RT-PCR products, and confirmed by fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization. <i>MYB</i> RNA expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusion was detected in 28% primary and 35% metastatic ACCs, but not in any of the non-ACC salivary carcinomas analyzed. Different exons in both the <i>MYB</i> and <i>NFIB</i> genes were involved in the fusions, resulting in expression of multiple chimeric variants. Notably, <i>MYB</i> was overexpressed in the vast majority of the ACCs, although <i>MYB</i> expression was significantly higher in tumors carrying the <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusion. The presence of the <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusion was significantly associated (<i>P</i> = 0.03) with patients older than 50 years of age. No correlation with other clinicopathologic markers, factors, and survival was found.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> We conclude that the <i>MYB-NFIB</i> fusion characterizes a subset of ACCs and contributes to <i>MYB</i> overexpression. Additional mechanisms may be involved in <i>MYB</i> overexpression in ACCs lacking the <i>MYB-NFIB </i>fusion. These findings suggest that <i>MYB</i> may be a specific novel target for tumor intervention in patients with ACC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(19); 4722–31. ©2010 AACR.</p></div>
Early growth of Douglas-fir in a reciprocal planting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Survival and growth during three years at 8 out-planting areas
are reported for Douglas-fir from 14 sources of seed.
Early survival was highest near Nimpkish on Vancouver Island.
At most plantations, trees from the local seed source grew as well as
did those from the best three sources. Trees from seed collected at
northern and southern extremes of the study grew least in the three
years.