jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microdosimetry to Leukaemogenic Target Cells for Bone-Incorporated Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Microdosimetry to Leukaemogenic Target Cells for Bone-Incorporated Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides Get access A.L. Austin, A.L. Austin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B.I. Lord, B.I. Lord Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Ellender, M. Ellender Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.W. Haines, J.W. Haines Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.D. Harrison J.D. Harrison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 79, Issue 1-4, 1 October 1998, Pages 391–394, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032435 Published: 01 October 1998
IDDF2019-ABS-0339 High-fat diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis activate MCP-1/CCR2 pathway and promote intestinal carcinogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

High-fat diet (HFD) is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms remain to be clarified. The potential pathway MCP-1/CCR2 activation can recruit and polarize M2 tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs). Here we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HFD on the gut microbiota and intestinal tumor development.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate HFD in relation to advanced colorectal neoplasia (AN). 15 CRC patients from each group for IHC staining were selected to evaluate MCP-1/CCR2 expression. Four-week-old Apcmin/+ mice were randomly divided into HFD group and control group. Intestinal tumor development, cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammation and MCP-1/CCR2 pathway were determined. Intestinal M2 TAMs were measured by immunofluorescence double staining. Fecal pellets were collected for microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis. Antibiotics cocktail was administered with HFD to investigate the effect of crosstalk between the HFD and gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used in another batch of Apcmin/+mice to determine the causality between HFD-induced dysbiosis and carcinogenesis.

Results

Participants with HFD were more likely to develop AN, especially invasive carcinoma. The expression of MCP-1/CCR2 and CD163 in CRC patients with HFD was significantly higher. In the Apcmin/+ mice, the total number of intestinal adenoma of HFD group was significantly increased. Pathological analysis confirmed intestinal carcinogenesis in small intestine and colon in HFD group, while there were only adenomas in the control group. This was accompanied by promoting tumor cell proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. Moreover, HFD administration altered gut microbiota, with increased opportunistic pathogens and decreased SCFA producing bacteria. The dysbiosis up-regulated the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2. And an increased M2 TAMs was observed in HFD group. And the effects of intestinal carcinogenesis can be restored by antibiotics cocktail. The transfer of fecal microbiota from HFD-fed mice also increased the tumor multiplicity and promoted carcinogenesis, while the MCP-1/CCR2 axis was also activated.

Conclusions

HFD-induced dysbiosis promoted the intestinal carcinogenesis through activating the MCP-1/CCR2 axis.
Tissue-culture cell fractionation. Fractionation of cellular membranes from 125I/lactoperoxidase-labelled Lettrée cells homogenized by bicarbonate-induced lysis: resolution of membranes by zonal centrifugation and in sucrose and metrizamide gradients

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. Lettrée cells were grown intraperitoneally in MF-1 mice and labelled extrinsically by the 125I/lactoperoxidase technique. 2. The cells were swollen in 1 mM-NaHCO3 and disrupted in a Dounce homogenizer. 3. Crude fractions of endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and mitochondria were separated from a post-nuclear supernatant by sedimentation-rate gradient centrifugation in a BXIV zonal rotor. 4. Further resolution of these membranes was carried out in isopycnic sucrose gradients. 5. Bands of material from the latter were subfractionated in gradients of metrizamide. Some very pure subfractions of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum were obtained. In addition, one subfraction containing 125I and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase but no Na++K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase and another containing these two enzymes but no 125I were resolved.
Invisible, Unreadable, and Inaudible Cookie Notices: An Evaluation of Cookie Notices for Users with Visual Impairments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the accessibility of cookie notices on websites for users with visual impairments (VI) via a set of system studies on top UK websites (n=46) and a user study (n=100). We use a set of methods and tools--including accessibility testing tools, text-only browsers, and screen readers, to perform our system studies. Our results demonstrate that the majority of cookie notices on these websites have some form of accessibility issues including contrast issues, not having headings, and not being read aloud immediately when the page is loaded. We discuss how such practises impact the user experience and privacy and provide a set of recommendations for multiple stakeholders for more accessible websites and better privacy practises for users with VIs. To complement our technical contribution we conduct a user study and finding that people with VIs generally have a negative view of cookie notices and believe our recommendations could help their online experience. We also find a disparity in how users wish to respond to cookie notices as apposed to how they do in reality.
Spontaneous Facial Expressions and Micro-expressions Coding: From Brain to Face

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Facial expressions are a vital way for humans to show their perceived emotions. It is convenient for detecting and recognizing expressions or micro-expressions by annotating a lot of data in deep learning. However, the study of video-based expressions or micro-expressions requires that coders have professional knowledge and be familiar with action unit (AU) coding, leading to considerable difficulties. This paper aims to alleviate this situation. We deconstruct facial muscle movements from the motor cortex and systematically sort out the relationship among facial muscles, AU, and emotion to make more people understand coding from the basic principles: We derived the relationship between AU and emotion based on a data-driven analysis of 5,000 images from the RAF-AU database, along with the experience of professional coders.We discussed the complex facial motor cortical network system that generates facial movement properties, detailing the facial nucleus and the motor system associated with facial expressions.The supporting physiological theory for AU labeling of emotions is obtained by adding facial muscle movements patterns.We present the detailed process of emotion labeling and the detection and recognition of AU. Based on the above research, the video's coding of spontaneous expressions and micro-expressions is concluded and prospected.
Fucosidosis: Review of a Rare Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α-L-fucosidase deficiency following mutation in the FUCA1 gene, in which fucose-bound glycoconjugates accumulate in the lysosomes of different tissues of the body. Fucosidosis is characterized by rapid mental and motor loss, along with growth retardation, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, telangiectasis or an-giokeratomas, epilepsy, inguinal hernia, and dysostosis multiplex. Patients usually die at an early age. Treatment of fucosidosis is a great challenge, and there is currently no definitive effective treatment. Hematopoietic cell transplantation studies are ongoing in the treatment of fucosidosis. However, early diagnosis of this disease and treatment can be effective. In addition, the body&#039;s immune system decreases due to chemotherapy applied after transplantation, leaving the body vulnerable to microbes and infections, and the risk of death is high with this treatment. In another treatment method, gene therapy, the use of retroviral vectors is promising due to their easy inte-gration, high cell efficiency and safety. In another treatment approach, enzyme replacement ther-apy, preclinical studies are ongoing for fucosidosis, but the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle in lysosomal storage diseases affecting the central nervous system. Early diagnosis is im-portant in fucosidosis, a rare disease, due to the delay in diagnosis of patients identified so far and the rapid progression of the disease. In addition, enzyme replacement therapy, which carries fewer risks, is promising.
Formulation and evaluation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for azilsartan medoxomil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to develop solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) for solubility enhancement of azilsartan medoxomil (AZL). Ternary phase diagrams were constructed using surfactant: co-surfactant at 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratios. Initially, the oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were screened. The drug–soya lecithin complexes were prepared and characterized for complexation percentage, complex solubility, and partition coefficient. The liquid SMEDDS were prepared and evaluated for thermodynamic stability, self-emulsification efficiency and time, viscosity, size and polydispersibility index, zeta potential, drug loading, and in vitro dissolution. Further, the solid SMEDDS were formulated and evaluated for morphological characterization, and thermal behavior. The solid SMEDDS were filled with hard gelatin capsule and accessed for in vitro drug release profile. S-SMEDDS containing Syloid® XDP 3150 had highest adsorption capacity. Self-emulsification time, drug loading and percentage transmittance were 25 ± 1.23 s, 99.20 ± 0.11% and 99.3 ± 0.1%, respectively. Particle size, polydispersibility index and zeta potential were 201.0 nm, 0.544 and -19.7 mV, respectively. S-SMEDDS had good flow property, spontaneous self-microemulsification property and improved in vitro dissolution profile of AZL when compared to pure AZL.
Characterization of the chaotic phase in the tilted Bose-Hubbard model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The chaotic phase of the tilted Bose-Hubbard model is identified as a function of energy, tilt strength, and particle interaction, from the eigenstate structure and the statistical features of the energy spectrum. Our analysis reveals that the chaotic phase of the bare Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian can be enhanced by the presence of a moderate tilt. We further unveil the development and scaling of the chaotic regime from the perspective of a homogeneous density configuration typically used in cold atom experiments, providing a valuable phase diagram for future theoretical and experimental studies of this system.
Homology modeling and structural analysis of the antipsychotic drugs receptorome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Classically it was assumed that the compounds with therapeutic effect exert their action interacting with a single receptor. Nowadays it is widely recognized that the pharmacological effect of most drugs is more complex and involves a set of receptors, some associated to their positive effects and some others to the side effects and toxicity. Antipsychotic drugs are an example of effective compounds characterized by a complex pharmacological profile binding to several receptors (mainly G protein-coupled-receptors, GPCR). In this work we will present a detailed study of known antipsychotic drugs and the receptors potentially involved in their binding profile, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the antipsychotic pharmacologic effects. The study started with obtaining homology models for all the receptors putatively involved in the antipsychotic drugs receptorome, suitable for building consistent drug-receptor complexes. These complexes were structurally analyzed and compared using multivariate statistical methods, which in turn allowed the identification of the relationship between the pharmacological properties of the antipsychotic drugs and the structural differences in the receptor targets. The results can be exploited for the design of safer and more effective antipsychotic drugs with an optimum binding profile.
Linking Rigid and Flexible Multibody Systems via Thin Fluid Films Actively Controlled

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work describes in details the steps involved within the mathematical modelling of multibody systems (rigid and flexible) interconnected via controllable thin fluid films. The dynamics of the mechanical components are described with help of multibody dynamics and finite element method. In this paper, the methodology is applied to reciprocating machines such as hermetic reciprocating compressors and internal combustion engines. In previous studies [1], it has been shown that for a light duty vehicle, the friction losses may reach until 48% of the total energy consumption of an engine and from that, almost 30% are coming from bearings and crankshaft. Therefore, considering that the dynamics of the fluid films in the journal bearings can be actively controlled by means of different types of actuators, allowing significant reduction of wear and vibrations, one of the aims of this paper is to study the feasibility of applying active lubrication to the main journal bearings of reciprocating machines. In this framework the paper gives a theoretical contribution to the combined fields of fluid-structure interaction and active vibration control. The hydrodynamic pressure distribution for an active lubricated finite journal bearing dynamically loaded can be calculated by numerically solving the modified Reynold’s equation [2], by means of finite-difference method and integrated over the pressure area in order to obtain the dynamic reaction forces among components. These forces are strongly nonlinear and dependent on the relative kinematics of the system. From the point of view of active lubrication and specifically considered the case of a dynamically loaded journal bearing, the injection pressure should be controlled in the time domain. However, taking into account that the pressures and reaction forces in a reciprocating machine have a cyclic behaviour, the fluid film thickness of the main bearings may be modified by controlling the oil pressure injection, depending on the crank angle and the load bearing condition. It can be mentioned that the pressure and flow may be controlled by mechanical cam systems, piezoelectric nozzles [3] [4] or servovalves [5] [6], therefore, an adequate control strategy has to be defined. The fluid film forces are coupled to the set of nonlinear equations that describes the dynamics of the mechanical system. Such a set of equations is numerically solved giving some insights into the following parameters: a) maximum fluid film pressure, b) minimum fluid film thickness, c) maximum vibration levels and d) viscous frictional forces. The behaviour of such parameters is investigated when the system operate with conventional hydro-dynamic lubrication, passive hybrid lubrication and controlled hybrid lubrication.
Nonlinear AC response and noise of a giant magnetoresistive sensor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We compare bridge voltage response measurements to ac magnetic fields from a giant magnetoresistive sensor with noise measurements on the same sensor. The small-signal response (for applied ac magnetic fields between 0.1 mOe rms and 30 mOe) is much less than is the slope of a dc voltage versus field curve, because of hysteretic effects. Noise statistics are used to estimate the size and number of the sites at which domain realignments occur near the response peak. Similar estimates are made by using fine-structure on the ac response curve. For ac fields of about 0.3 mOe rms, sharp spikes appear in the field-dependent response, giving rise to large harmonic distortion, varying in an irregular way with the ac amplitude. Domain sizes are estimated for the regions, giving these nonlinear response spikes, and for the domains, giving the magnetic noise, and a comparison based on a fluctuation-dissipation relation of the noise, and the response shows the importance of hysteresis.
Crystal Balls and Black Boxes: What Makes a Good Forecast?

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As a discipline that concerns itself with the future, planning relies on forecasts to inform and guide action. With this reliance comes a concern that the best possible forecasts be produced. This review identifies three distinct ways in which forecasts may be evaluated (methodology, accuracy, and usefulness) and describes challenges associated with evaluating forecasts along any of these three dimensions. By way of example, this general discussion of forecasting is applied to the specific case of demand forecasts for transportation infrastructure, with an emphasis on transit infrastructure. There is a continuing need for planners to engage with interdisciplinary forecasting literature.
Differential effects of structural complexity on predator foraging behavior

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The choice of predator foraging mode has important consequences for ecological communities. Foraging mode designations are often made on the basis of predator activity, yet activity can be affected by various environmental stimuli independent of changes in foraging mode. Structural complexity can reduce predator activity by either interfering with predator vision and mobility or as part of a foraging mode shift. We examined the effects of simulated aquatic vegetation on multiple behaviors of 2 aquatic insect predators to distinguish between these 2 possible outcomes. Larvae of the diving water beetle (<it>Dytiscus</it> spp.) shifted from an active predator in treatments without structure to a sit-and-pursue (SAP) predator in treatments containing structure, as indicated by a decrease in activity and prey encounter rates and an increase in probability of capture. This trade-off between encounter rates and probability of capture resulted in an equal number of prey captures among the treatments. Dragonfly nymphs (<it>Anax junius</it>) remained SAP predators in both treatments, although interference from the simulated vegetation significantly reduced activity. Structure also slightly decreased the number of aeshnid prey captures. Physiological attributes of the predators, such as mode of respiration and method of prey detection, seemed to influence foraging behavior. This study emphasizes the benefits of measuring multiple predator behaviors when classifying predators to particular foraging modes.
Overweight and obesity among women by economic stratum in urban India.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using data of the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005-2006, this study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women from different economic strata in urban India. The study used a separate wealth index for urban India constructed using principal components analysis (PCA). The result shows that prevalence of overweight and obesity is very high in urban areas, more noticeably among the non-poor households. Furthermore, overweight and obesity increase with age, education, and parity of women. The results of multinomial logistic regression show that non-poor women are about 2 and 3 times more at risk of being overweight and obese respectively. Marital status and media exposure are the other covariates associated positively with overweight and obesity. Thus, the growing demand which now appears before the Government or urban health planners is to address this rising urban epidemic with equal importance as given to other issues in the past.
Studies on Naphthalenealkylamines for Medical Purpose. : III. Local Anesthetic Action of 2-Naphthalenealkylamines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Local anesthetic action of recently synthesized 2-naphthalenealkylamines was tested. Surface anesthetic action was tested by the corneal reflex of a guinea pig and N-alkyl-N-methyl-2-naphthaleneethyl (or propyl) amines (XIb∼f, XIIb∼f) all showed activites stronger than that of procaine, and N-methyl-N-pentyl-2-naphtha1eneethylamine (XIf) was especially strong, the potency being 16 times that of procaine. The activity decreased when the compounds of this series were derived to methiodide, and only the N-butyl and N-pentyl compounds showed a weak activity. This fact seems to indicate the possibility that the base of a compound takes part in appearance of the activity. Primary amines (IIa to Xa) generally had strong irritant psoperty N, N-Dimethyl derivatives (IIb to Xb) showed the activity only when the number of carbon atoms in the side chain was 2 (IVb) or 3 (Vb), and all higher homologs had strong toxicity necrosis. Conduction anesthetic activity was examined with frog sciatic nerve in compounds of XI and XII series and their potency was compared with that of procaine. Approximately similar structure-activity relationship as in the case of surface anesthetic activity was found.
Evolution of incommensurate spin order with magnetic field and temperature in the itinerant antiferromagnet GdSi

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

GdSi exhibits spin-density-wave (SDW) order arising from the cooperative interplay of sizeable local moments and a partially nested Fermi sea of itinerant electrons. Using magnetotransport, magnetization, and nonresonant magnetic x-ray diffraction techniques, we determine the H-T phase diagrams of GdSi for magnetic fields up to 21 T, where antiferromagnetic order is no longer stable, and field directions along each of the three major crystal axes. While the incommensurate magnetic ordering vector that characterizes the SDW is robust under magnetic field, the multiple spin structures of this compound are highly flexible and rotate relative to the applied field via either canting or spin-flop processes. The antiferromagnetic spin densities always arrange themselves transverse to the applied magnetic field direction. The phase diagrams are delineated by two types of phase boundaries: one separates a collinear from a planar spin structure associated with a lattice structural transition, and the other defines a spin flop transition that is only weakly temperature dependent. The major features of the phase diagrams along each of the crystal axes can be explained by the combination of local moment and global Fermi surface physics at play.
Multiphase Flow and Its Effects on Localized Corrosion in Regions with Abrupt Inclination Changes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A 0.1-m ID acrylic pipe, with four 36-inch radius 90° sweep, clear PVC bends test facility has been constructed to allow for visualization of flow characteristics in hilly terrain and topographies with short elevation changes. The height of the riser and crossing length is 5 meters. A detailed visualization of multiphase flow regimes and flow characteristics using water-carbon dioxide mixtures has been carried out. Visual observations of enhanced turbulence regions were noted and characteristics were noted at different velocities for nine locations along the system. ER probes are used to monitor corrosion rates in the first two bends where elevated turbulence was noted. Corrosion rates observed in the bends are compared to previous rates recorded in horizontal pipelines under similar operating conditions.