jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A possible substrate for dopamine-related changes in mood and behavior: Prefrontal and limbic effects of a D3-preferring dopamine agonist

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopamine can induce fascinating, complex human behavioral states, including disinhibition, euphoria, or elaborate stereotypies, whereas dopamine deficiency can cause anxiety or sadness. Limited data suggest that these phenomena may involve dysfunction of orbital frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, or ventral striatum. The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) has an anatomic distribution that suggests it could mediate these effects, but almost no data directly demonstrate the regional functional effects of D3R activation. We used quantitative positron emission tomography (PET), [ 15 O]water, and the D3-preferring dopamine agonist pramipexole to identify D3-mediated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) responses in living primates. We studied seven normal baboons ventilated with 70% nitrous oxide, and analyzed results voxelwise in a common atlas space. At clinically relevant doses, pramipexole produced statistically robust decreases in rCBF in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, operculum, posterior and anterior (subgenual) cingulate cortex, and insula (in decreasing order of significance). Cortical areas related to movement were relatively unaffected, and rCBF did not change in cerebellum or visual cortex. The dose-response curve and duration of pramipexole's effects suggest that these rCBF responses indicate functional effects of a D3-preferring agonist. A D2-preferring agonist studied under the same conditions produced a quantitatively different pattern of responses. We conclude that a dopamine D3 receptor agonist preferentially affects brain activity in prefrontal and limbic cortex, and speculate that dopamine's effects on these regions via D3Rs may mediate some of the known psychiatric complications of dopamine deficiency or excess.
The Role of Parents in the Therapy Process: Reflections on 26 Years of Intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

No AccessPerspectives on Fluency and Fluency DisordersArticle1 Feb 2006The Role of Parents in the Therapy Process: Reflections on 26 Years of Intervention Michael J. Retzinger Michael J. Retzinger Private PracticeManitowa\oc, WI Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/ffd16.1.13 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In References ASHA. (2001). Scope of practice in speech-language pathology. Rockville, MD, Author. Google Scholar ASHA. (2003). Code of ethics (revised). ASHA Supplement 23, pp13–15. Google Scholar Brisk, D. J.,Healey, E. C., & Husk, K. A. (1997). Clinicians’ training and confidence associated with treating school-age children who stutter: A national survey. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 28, 164–176. Google Scholar Ham, R. E. (1999). Clinical management of stuttering in older children and adults. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers. Google Scholar Onslow, M.,Packman, A., & Harrison, E. (2003). The Lidcombe Program of Early Stuttering Intervention: A Clinician’s Guide. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Google Scholar Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 16Issue 1February 2006Pages: 13-15 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Feb 1, 2006 Metrics Downloaded 15 times Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 2006 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Phase I study of high doses of methotrexate with citrovorum factor in patients with lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A Phase 1 study of high-dose “pulse” methotrexate infusions combined with citrovorum factor “rescue” in advanced lung cancer indicated consistent tumor response in eight patients. A dose schedule allowing for repeated treatments, and thus suitable for prolonged management, was developed. Three patients treated accordingly for 8 to 10 months continue to show regression of their original lesions without evidence of new metastases. These observations are consistent with previously proposed concepts for use of citrovorum “rescue” after administration of high-dose “pulses” of folic acid antagonists.
The Problem of ‘Ulama’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Islamic reformers in Nigeria are divided in numerous factions, some of them liberal and most of them not The more moderate reformers tend to be members of the political elite, which has ruled Nigeria for much of the independence period through military dictatorship; their religious liberalism does not always carry over into their political beliefs.’ By contrast, Alhaji Adeleke Dirisu Ajijola (Nigeria, born 1932), an attorney and prolific author on Islamic themes, espouses reform in both the political and religious arenas. In this text, Ajijola forcefully defends the right of all Muslims to interpret religious doctrine, contesting the monopoly of the ‘ulama’ (religious scholars).
Seasonal patterns in nutritional condition of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in the southern Northwest Territories and northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evaluating nutritional condition provides insights of nutritional influences on wildlife populations. We sampled three measures of condition — body fat, body mass, and loin thickness — of adult female caribou (Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in boreal settings in the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada, in December and March, 2016–2018, and in mountain and boreal settings in British Columbia (BC), Canada, in December and February, 2014–2015. We evaluated the effect of calf-rearing on condition in December, compared influences of summer–autumn versus winter on condition over winter, and developed an annual profile of nutritional condition with estimates from caribou dying in summer. Mean December body fat was 8.4% in females with calves and 11.4% in females without calves, demonstrating the influence of lactation on condition. Over winter, nutritional condition did not decline in northeastern BC and it declined slightly in NT: body fat by 0.55 percentage points, mass by 2.8 kg, and loin thickness did not change. Body fat peaked in December, changed little over winter, but declined to a minimum by early summer, temporally coinciding with elevated rates of adult female mortality. Consistent with those of other ungulate studies worldwide, our findings suggest a need to focus on nutritional limitations operating in late spring through early autumn.
Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dózsa-Farkas, Klára, Hong, Yong (2010): Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida). Zootaxa 2406: 29-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194222
Inclusion of Tomato in the Genus Solanum as “Solanum lycopersicum” is Evident from Phylogenetic Studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As DNA sequence data were rapidly accumulated in the last decade, the intense debate on the position of the genus "Lycopersicon" with respect to "Solanum" was recently settled. In this review, we focus on chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (cpRFLP) analysis and molecular phylogenetic study of the chloroplast-encoded NADH dehydrogenase (ndhF) gene of numerous Solanaceae family members including tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (formerly Lycopersicon esculentum). Both studies revealed that S. lycopersicum is clearly included in the large genus Solanum, which includes potato (S. tuberosum) and eggplant (S. melongena). All cpRFLP and different algorithms in ndhF phylogenetic analysis classified S. lycopersicum into the same clade as S. tuberosum. Comparative genome analysis using a high-density genetic linkage map of S. lycopersicum and S. tuberosum indicated that the chromosome structure is highly conserved between the two species. These recent studies indicated that tomato and potato are phylogenetically close and share a recent common ancestor.
Lobe-Specific Analysis of Sublobar Lung Resection for NSCLC Patients with Tumors ≤ 2 cm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: Sublobar resection can be used as an alternative surgical strategy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the choice between wedge resection and segmentectomy remains contentious. In this study, we investigated the optimal surgical procedure for sublobar resection in patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm with a lobe-specific analysis; (2) Methods: Data for patients with T1N0M0 with a diameter of ≤2 cm who had undergone sublobar resection were retrieved. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the inherent bias, and the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were used to assess the differences in survival; (3) Results: A total of 1882 patients were identified after the PSM. Patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm who had undergone segmentectomy showed better survival than those who had undergone wedge resection. However, when NSCLC was ≤1 cm, there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups. This demonstrated an OS advantage of segmentectomy over wedge resection for patients with NSCLC tumors of 1–2 cm (p = 0.024). Further analysis indicated that this survival benefit was only observed in patients with right upper NSCLC of 1–2 cm, but not with NSCLC in the other four lobes; (4) Conclusions: Segmentectomy showed a greater survival benefit than wedge resection only in patients with NSCLC of 1–2 cm, particularly those with primary tumors in the right upper lobe. Therefore, we propose a lobe-specific sublobar resection strategy for early-stage NSCLC patients (tumors of 1–2 cm) who cannot tolerate lobectomy.
A Corpus-based Study On Conceptual Metaphors For Heart In Chinese And English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) started a new approach to viewing metaphors in languages. Traditionally, metaphor is considered as one of the rhetorical devices. Conceptual metaphor, however, is an approach for us to understand abstract notions in terms of relatively concrete concepts. The HEART metaphor in Chinese plays an essential role in forming and motivating related collocations. Previous studies of conceptual metaphors of HEART in Chinese are based on the data from dictionary entries. There is a lack of corpus-based studies on the HEART metaphors at the collocation level in both L1 and L2 Chinese, presenting the authentic usage of HEART metaphorical collocations in the native speakers’ and language learners’ daily language. To fill this gap, this dissertation examines the HEART metaphorical collocations in Chinese native speakers’ corpus, L2 Chinese corpus, and American English corpus. The main results include: 1). The Chinese HEART is the locus of a wide range of emotions and other types of body feelings, whereas the English HEART metaphors do not show the same feature; 2). Most of the Chinese HEART collocations are not highly lexicalized idioms, while most of the English HEART collocations are lexicalized phrases; 3). The Chinese HEART collocations that are motivated by the metonymy THE HEART AS A PERSON is also associated with a wide range of human behaviors like thinking and complaining, but the study does not find the English HEART collocations relate to human behaviors by the native speakers of American English. 4). L2 Chinese learners show a very different pattern in terms of HEART collocations in Chinese. Collocations motivated by the HEART metaphors are significantly underused compared with L1 Chinese.
The autecological characteristics of endangered medicinal plant Thymus capitatus, in the western Mediterranean region of Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

T HYMUS capitatus L. is one of the most important plants used in traditional medicine mainly in combating the growth of some pathogenic bacteria and reduce pathogen colonization in colon.This species is endangered in the study area due to the destruction in habitats.This study aims to evaluate the distribution of studied species in western Mediterranean region of Egypt, to determine the factors that affect its abundance in relation to soil characters and determine the associated species.Thymus capitatus was abundant in rocky ridge sites more than those in sand dunes and that their distribution in all sites was uniform.However, the covering diameter was larger in sand dunes sites that are characterized with higher K + content.The frequency of associated species in Thymus communities did not show any negative allelopathic effect between them.The present results indicate that Thymus capitatusis dominant in rocky ridges while it had been disappeared in inner rocky ridges as a result of human activities.They also indicate an important role of K + for Thymus capitatus growth.These results could provide us with well understanding of the suitable habitat of Thymus capitatus to contribute in the conservation ways.
Host routing in a multi-prefix network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This note describes expected IPv6 host behavior in a network that has
more than one prefix, each allocated by an upstream network that
implements BCP 38 ingress filtering, when the host has multiple
routers to choose from. It also applies to other scenarios such as the
usage of stateful firewalls that effectively act as address-based
filters. This host behavior may interact with source address
selection in a given implementation, but logically follows it. Given
that the network or host is, or appears to be, multihomed with
multiple provider-allocated addresses, that the host has elected to
use a source address in a given prefix, and that some but not all
neighboring routers are advertising that prefix in their Router
Advertisement Prefix Information Options, this document specifies to
which router a host should present its transmission. It updates RFC
4861.
USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR ANALYSIS AND CHOICE OF BRAZILIAN CARGO AIRLINES

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Air cargo transport is an important driver in industrial development, integrating cargo transport and logistics, facilitating intermodality and fostering imports and exports, resulting in a significant increase in airline revenue. In addition, competition in the sector requires that these companies use strategic management tools, such as decision-making and efficiency analysis methods, in order to remain competitive and operational on the market. Due to the sector’s great importance, this survey presents a methodology for the evaluation of relevant criteria for the hiring as well as for the choice of domestic air cargo companies, using the Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) method. It is further believed that the results of this work will be directly useful to airport administrators, cargo terminals, cargo agents, highway transport companies, airlines and also to the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) in putting forward efficiency–boosting suggestions by way of process improvements and audits, personnel training, infrastructure planning, and demand management. 1.
Hormone replacement treatment and breast cancer risk: an age-specific analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship between hormone replacement treatment (HRT) and breast cancer risk was considered in age-specific groups of women, combining data from two case-control studies conducted between 1983 and 1994 in six Italian centers. Cases were comprised of 5984 women, below age 75 years, with histologically confirmed breast cancer, and controls were comprised of 5504 women admitted to the hospital for a wide spectrum of acute, nonneoplastic, nonhormone-related diseases. Ever-use of HRT was reported by 6.1% of the cases and 5.5% of the controls, corresponding to a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.4]. A significant trend in risk with duration of use was observed. Separate analysis for women < 55, 55-64, and 65-74 years old at diagnosis showed that the excess risk of breast cancer associated with ever-use of HRT was not observed in the youngest age group (OR, 0.9) and increased with age at diagnosis to 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9-1.5) for women 55-64 years old and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.3) for those 65-74 years old at diagnosis. A significant trend in risk with duration was observed only in the oldest group (65-74 years old), with ORs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.7), respectively, for < 60 and > or = 60 months of use. Thus, this study suggests that the relationship between HRT and breast cancer risk is influenced by age at diagnosis and that any risk-benefit assessment is particularly critical for women using HRT several years after menopause.
Challenges for exploitation of physical vapour deposition in metal cutting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The physical vapour deposition of hard coatings on cutting tools is an emerging technology with the capability of generating many different coatings with complex microstructures which have the potential for exploitation in a wide variety of applications. A current drawback to the cost effective exploitation of such coatings is the lack of knowledge concerning some aspects of chip formation and the tribological interactions occurring at the chip tool interface. This paper takes a step back to overview some of the materials science aspects of these issues and looks at the temperature profiles generated beneath uncoated and coated cutting tools in simple turning experiments. It is demonstrated that such experiments can lead to a clearer understanding of chip tool interactions and assist in the cost effective exploitation of speciality physical vapour deposition coatings designed for fitness for purpose.
Immigrant and Refugee Students Across “Receiving” Nations: To What Extent Can Educators Rely on PISA for Answers?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Massive population shift is a current global reality – especially given some of the latest development on European shores; some are calling it a humanitarian crisis. Although the United States (US) receives a large number of immigrants (documented and not) and about 70,000 refugees each year, it is certainly not the only nation to do so. Industrialized nations that receive migrants through immigration policies are typically referred to as “receiving” nations. The article addresses two main questions: (1) how well immigrant students across 17 receiving industrialized nations are doing according to the Programme for International Student Assessment (otherwise known as PISA), and (2) how are educators, immigrant and refugee parents and students experiencing integration in the school context. The education of immigrant and refugee students is a complex global issue that requires better understanding, collaborative attention, and long-term investment of several stakeholders.
In search of a macroeconometric model that is suitable for the Singapore economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The use of macroeconometric modelling has been of growing importance in Singapore since the last economic recession in 1986. Government institutions have found them useful in policy making and target setting. Businessmen and managers will find macroeconometric modelling useful in time to come, especially when more comprehensive data are available for analysis and reliable forecasting. This academic exercise attempts to examine and compare the two most recent and comprehensible macroeconometric models available, in order to find one that is most suitable for the forecasting, analysis, and understanding by non-academics. In-period and ex-ante analyses are performed to assess the ability of the models to reflect the trend of the Singapore economy. In addition, an attempt is also made to determine the relative usefulness of the variables used by the two models.
Relationship of several serum folate forms with the prevalence of hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The relationship of different serum forms of folate with the prevalence of hypertension remains uncertain. We aim to examine the association of several folate forms (5-methyltetrahydrofolate [5-mTHF], unmetabolized folic acid [UMFA], and MeFox [an oxidation product of 5-mTHF]) with the prevalence of hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 19,237 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension by a physician, or current anti-hypertensive treatment. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 39.3%. When serum 5-mTHF was assessed as quartiles, a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension was found in participants in quartiles 3 to 4 (≥34.0 nmol/L) (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.97), compared with those in quartiles 1 to 2. When serum UMFA was assessed as quartiles, a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension was found in participants in quartile 4 (≥1.0 nmol/L) (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31), compared with those in quartiles 1 to 3. When serum MeFox was assessed as quartiles, a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension was found in participants in quartiles 3 to 4 (≥1.4 nmol/L) (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06–1.34), compared with those in quartiles 1 to 2. Conclusions: Higher serum 5-mTHF levels were associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, while higher serum UMFA and MeFox levels were associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. If further confirmed, our findings highlight the importance of monitoring different serum forms of folate and may help guide future clinical trials and nutritional guidelines on folic acid supplementation for prevention of hypertension.
Female Student Participation in Recreational Activities: A Study of Facilities Availability and Its Influencing Factors in Nigerian Northern University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bayero University is located in the northern region of the country, where the level of disparity between the male and female genders is high. Hence, this study examined female student participation in recreational activities. Data were obtained through questionnaire administration on female students. Information obtained from the center of information technology revealed 9,685 registered female students across 11 faculties. A total of 291 respondents were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that recreation facilities are abundantly provided in the University, and most students are aware of their existence. The study further revealed that female students participate less in sporting activities except for jogging, walking, listening to music, and reading. The reason why female students participate in recreation includes: Getting exercise (SPI = 4.41), Keep physically fit (SPI = 4.39), Educational/research (SPI = 4.38), Improving physical, and emotional health (SPI = 4.29), Developing skill/ability (SPI = 4.08), Boredom (SPI = 3.99), and Minimize stress (SPI = 3.77). Based on further findings, the factors influencing female student participation in recreation include facility safety (accounting for 47% variance) and demographics (accounting for 44.2% variance).