jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A murine cell model for karyotype instability in chronic myelogenous leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a neoplastic disorder of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells which follows a biphasic clinical course consisting initially of a relatively benign chronic phase followed by progression to a fatal acute leukemia (CML blast crisis). A clonal cytogenetic abnormality (i.e. the Philadelphia or Ph chromosome), resulting from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), is found in over 95% of patients. A hybrid gene is created at the breakpoint of Ph, derived from the ABL proto-oncogene (9q34) and from the BCR gene (22q11), which results in the expression of a 210 KDa fusion protein tyrosine kinase called P210BCR/ABL (P210). Expression of P210 alone is generally believed to be sufficient to induce chronic phase CML but, the deregulation of additional genes appears to be required for progression to CML blast crisis, as inferred by the presence of secondary cytogenetic abnormalities in over 80% of patients. To investigate the potential significance of P210 expression in the induction of genetic instability associated with CML progression, I studied cytogenetic changes in a murine cell line (32D) which expressed P210BCR/ABL from a retroviral vector. Using Giemsa-trypsin banding technique, I found a common marker chromosome t(4;12) in 13 subclones, a second new marker t(2;17) in 3/13 subclones and, additional clonal marker chromosomes in all of the subclones examined. Six subclones consisted of two or three karyotypically distinct cell populations. This study demonstrates that BCR/ABL can directly induce both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in hematopoietic cells. This murine cell model may provide a useful tool to further study the causal relationship of cytogenetic instability and cooperative molecular events involved in the initiation and progression of CML.
Elabela-APLNR Inhibits Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through AMPK/SIRT3/PGC-1α and Akt/Nrf2 Pathways

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress has benefits effects for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Elabela/APLENR system had showed to be protective against ischemia/reperfusion induced injury in other tissue. However, whether Elabela had protective effects against CI/RI and its possible mechanisms were largely unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Elabela 32 (ELA32) against CI/RI. In vivo, behavioral test, infarct size and brain edema were evaluated on rats middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model after treated by ELA32. In vitro, HT22 cells were subjected to glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and treated with ELA32 in presence of SIRT3-siRNA, or AMPK-siRNA, or Nrf2-siRNA. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, ROS and ATP levels, mitochondrial related proteins and oxidative related cytokines were measured by relative methods.As the results showed, neurological scores, infarct size, brain edema and injury cytokines were improved by ELA32 treatment in rats. Subsequently, we found that ELA32 inhibited cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner in brain and HT22 cell. Western blotting results showed that ELA32 induced the deacetylation and phosphorylation of PGC-1α, the expression of Nrf2, SIRT3 and APLNR, and the phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt. Further, the crosstalk relationship between APLNR, SIRT3, AMPK, PGC-1α, Akt and Nrf2 were verified by the specific targeted siRNA transfection. The same effects on APLNR related pathways were also observed in rats.In conclusion, ELA32 improved mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through regulating APLNR mediated AMPK/SIRT3/PGC-1α pathway and Akt/Nrf2 pathway. These results indicated that ELA32/APLNR system plays some role in central nervous system, and more studies should be performed to confirm these effects.
Circular Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries : Discussion paper exploring the concept and 7 innovative initiatives

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As this is a paper for discussion, we highly appreciate your comments and feedback.There is potential for the agrifood sector in low and middle income countries to promote and implement circular agriculture as part of an approach to foster the sustainability of the food system. This would help achieving various sustainable development objectives at the same time. This paper is based on a literature study exploring the concept circular agriculture as well as seven innovative initiatives that take place different levels of scale.
Effect of dietary supplementation of ginger extract on growth, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. 20 broiler chickens were randomly selected into two treatment groups identified as T1 and T2 with a positive control and a negative control group. Each treatment contained with five birds. Birds on T1 were treated with 1% ginger extract and T2 was treated with 2% ginger extract via drinking water. Significant variations (p<0.05) existed between the control and other treatments in mean final body weight, dressed weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (35th day) for 1% ginger extraction treatment the live body weight is 1746gm (p<0.05), dressing weight 1106.4 (p<0.05) and FCR is 1.67(p<0.05). The usage of the test ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage. Supplementation of ginger improves the performance of broilers when added at the rate of 1% of broiler ration and can be a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in the feeding of broiler chicken.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 211-215
Nonlinear, stationary electrostatic ion cyclotron waves: Exact solutions for solitons, periodic waves, and wedge shaped waveforms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theory of fully nonlinear stationary electrostatic ion cyclotron waves is further developed. The existence of two fundamental constants of motion; namely, momentum flux density parallel to the background magnetic field and energy density, facilitates the reduction of the wave structure equation to a first order differential equation. For subsonic waves propagating sufficiently obliquely to the magnetic field, soliton solutions can be constructed. Importantly, analytic expressions for the amplitude of the soliton show that it increases with decreasing wave Mach number and with increasing obliquity to the magnetic field. In the subsonic, quasi-parallel case, periodic waves exist whose compressive and rarefactive amplitudes are asymmetric about the “initial” point. A critical “driver” field exists that gives rise to a soliton-like structure which corresponds to infinite wavelength. If the wave speed is supersonic, periodic waves may also be constructed. The aforementioned asymmetry in the waveform arises from the flow being driven towards the local sonic point in the compressive phase and away from it in the rarefactive phase. As the initial driver field approaches the critical value, the end point of the compressive phase becomes sonic and the waveform develops a wedge shape. This feature and the amplitudes of the compressive and rarefactive portions of the periodic waves are illustrated through new analytic expressions that follow from the equilibrium points of a wave structure equation which includes a driver field. These expressions are illustrated with figures that illuminate the nature of the solitons. The presently described wedge-shaped waveforms also occur in water waves, for similar “transonic” reasons, when a Coriolis force is included.
Complaint filed concerning judge's conduct.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During a trial in December 2007, when it was disclosed that the complainant was living with HIV and hepatitis C, the presiding judge ordered the complainant to be masked or testify electronically from another courtroom. The Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network and the HIV& AIDS Legal Clinic of Ontario (HALCO) lodged a formal complaint with the Ontario Judicial Council in response to what they termed "shockingly discriminatory thinking and practice".
PCR-Based Quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi Organisms in Canine Tissues over a 500-Day Postinfection Period

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Borrelia burgdorferi infection in beagle dogswas studied quantitatively with skin punch biopsy samples and blood samples collected at 4-and 2-week intervals, respectively, over a 500-day period.Thereafter, 25 tissue samples of each dog were collected for further analysis.Starting at day 120 after tick challenge, 12 dogs were treated with antibiotics (azithromycin, ceftriaxone, or doxycycline) for 30 consecutive days.Four dogs received no antibiotic therapy.Quantification of B. burgdorferi DNA was done with an ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System with oligonucleotide primers and a fluorescence-labeled probe designed to specifically amplify a fragment of the ospA gene of B. burgdorferi strain N40.All 16 dogs became infected with B. burgdorferi after tick challenge.In skin biopsy samples, spirochete numbers peaked at day 60 postinfection (<1.5 ؋ 10 6 organisms per 100 g of extracted DNA), at the same time when clinical signs of arthritis developed in 11 of 16 dogs, and decreased to almost undetectable levels during the following 6 months.The number of B. burgdorferi organisms detected in skin biopsy samples was inversely correlated with the antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Antibiotic treatment reduced the amount of detectable spirochete DNA in skin tissue by a factor of 1,000 or more.At the end of the experiment, B. burgdorferi DNA was detectable at low levels (10 2 to 10 4 organisms per 100 g of extracted DNA) in multiple tissue samples regardless of treatment.However, more tissue samples of untreated dogs than of antibiotic-treated dogs were positive, and tissue samples of untreated dogs also were positive by culture.Only 1.6% of 576 blood samples of all dogs were positive for B. burgdorferi by PCR.
Protective Effects of Selenium on Wheat Seedlings under Salt Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wheat is a staple food worldwide, but its productivity is reduced by salt stress. In this study, the mitigative effects of 22 μM selenium (Se) on seedlings of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Taichung SEL. 2 were investigated under different salt stress levels (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM NaCl). Results of the antioxidative capacity showed that catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenols, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, and the reducing power of Se-treated seedlings were enhanced under saline conditions. The more-stabilized chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), minimal chlorophyll fluorescence (F0), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation of photosystem II (Y(NPQ)), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of photosystem II (Y(NO)) and the less-extensive degradation of photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in Se-treated seedlings were also observed under salt stress. The elongation of shoots and roots of Se-treated seedling was also preserved under salt stress. Protection of these physiological traits in Se-treated seedlings might have contributed to stable growth observed under salt stress. The present study showed the protective effect of Se on the growth and physiological traits of wheat seedlings under salt stress.
First Nation-Wide Analysis of Food Safety and Acceptability Data in Lebanon

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The challenges to food safety in Lebanon are numerous and have coalesced to pose a serious public health concern. This is evident in well-documented food poisoning outbreaks and adulteration cases. In response, the Lebanese government initiated an unprecedented food safety campaign (2015–2017) that aimed to test food samples that were randomly collected from foodservices and industries across the country. The data were made available publicly, but they were never analyzed to prioritize and determine high risk foods and most prevalent contaminants nationally or across governorates. To answer these questions, we performed an in-depth statistical analysis of the data, which included 11,625 individual food samples. Our analysis showed that water (55% of tested water samples), spices (49.3%), red meat (34.4%), poultry (30.9%) and dairy (28.3%) were the main foods associated with the highest rejection rates. The most common biological contaminants detected in rejected foods were sulfate-reducing bacteria (34.7%), Escherichia coli (32.1%), coliforms (19.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.8%), and Salmonella (11.6%). We conclude that Lebanon needs rigorous and sustainable programs to monitor the quality and safety of foods. Given the lack of resources, we recommend putting emphasis on extensive outreach programs that aim at enhancing food safety knowledge from farm to fork.
A Survey of Priorities and Impediments for a Biosecurity Code of Conduct as a Confidence Building Measure for the Biological Weapons and Toxins Convention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention (BTWC), signed in 1972, is the express sense of 162 nations that as a world community, we agree to the end of the use of biological weapons by state parties. However, the increasing numbers of biological, pharmaceutical and public health facilities, coupled with the biotechnology revolution in the latter part of the 20th century, made the development of preventative code of conduct a priority. Biosafety and biosecurity codes of conduct became a topic for consideration by the BTWC in 2005. To develop this new focus, the BTWC conference held a series of expert meetings culminating with the 2011 Review Conference.Codes of conduct encourage a community approach to formulate acceptable, effective, and reasonably related principles in order to achieve its goals. In order to achieve a collective definition of the priorities or impediments for a biosecurity code of conduct among the representatives of the States Parties, a survey was designed. The survey instrument was designed to be answered during one of the days of the regular intersessional Meetings of Experts of the BTWC on August 27, 2009. This article provides a review and assessment of results of this survey.
Crystallization of lead zirconate titanate films by laser annealing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structure of lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr x Ti1 − x )O3 thin films grown by chemical solution deposition on Si-SiO2-Ti-Pt substrates has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis. Films crystallization has been performed using laser annealing. It has been found that, in contrast to isothermal annealing where nucleation on the platinum layer dominates, crystallization and growth of spherical perovskite crystals occur in the film bulk. The perovskite phase crystal size increases from 10 to 120 nm with increasing laser beam energy.
SIFT Based Automatic Tie-Point Extraction for Multitemporal SAR Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tie-point extraction is the key step of coregistration of multitemporal images. In this paper, Scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) is applied to extract tie-points from multitemporal SAR images. A histogram-based preprocessing method and the optimization of SIFT parameters are proposed for increasing the number of correct tie-points. We explore the performance of SIFT algorithm on different topographic ENVISAT SAR images. The experimental results show that these methods are robust to speckle noise and can markedly improve the performance of SIFT on SAR images.
Molecular Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF- a) Gene in Mycotic aborted Placenta of Ewes Using RT-PCR

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background: Abortion is associated with altered inflammatory molecule expression at the maternal-fetalinterface. (TNF-alpha) are inflammatory proteins and display cytokine as a function that enhances theleukocyte recruitment to the inflammatory site.Objectives: This work aimed at establishing the TNF-alpha gene expression in mycotic aborted placentalanimals as opposed to normal delivery.Materials and Method: Using the technique Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), TNF-?DNA, tested in the mycotic aborted Placenta group (15 cases), normal delivery group (15 cases).Results: The levels of TNF-? DNA expressed in the Placenta varied significantly between the two groups(P<0.05), respectively. The expression of TNF during abortion was significantly higher than in normallydelivered models.Conclusion: These findings indicate that both cytokines Th1 and Th2 play a key role in the pathogenesis ofabortion. TNF alpha is likely a source of abortion’s genetic susceptibility. There had been a strong correlationbetween the two cytokines and abortion.
SURVEY OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE LANDFILL BY MEANS OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The paper shows the possibility of geophysical methods to find scrap metal burial sites on an example of inspection of industrial waste landfill in the Middle Urals Mountains. The research tasks included conducting a magnetic and electrometric survey of industrial landfill territory for revealing of anomalies, and electromagnetic (audiomagnetotellurics) soundings — for definition of occurrence depth of anomalous objects. A brief description of research methods, techniques of fieldwork and features of data processing is given. As a result of electric profiling by the method of VLF-R, a map of apparent resistivity was created. The result of the magnetic survey was a map of the total vector of the Earth's magnetic field and its vertical gradient. Analysis of the anomalies of apparent resistances and vertical gradient of the magnetic field has allowed identifying scrap of ferrous and nonferrous metals from the difference in physical properties. The audiomagnetotellurics soundings data was processed by means of the one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) inversion software. One-dimensional geoelectric sections are presented by the elementary models within the framework of the equivalence principle and do not reflect the true structure of the landfill. The most authentic are the 2D-geoelectric sections gained by the joint inversion of data for two modes and possessing more information concerning to local conductors. The zone structure of landfill in the shape of a «puff cake», consisting of several electrically conductive structural levels divided by isolating horizons was revealed. The surfaces of the sections are close to horizontal, which corresponds to sequential change of materials and gradual increase in the landfill. Based on the results of geophysical explorations, promising places for the development of scrap metal have been identified. One of the places coincided with trial dredging of the ground where a waste of copper-smelting manufactures was found.
Composing Japanese musical modernity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When we think of composers like Mozart or Beethoven, we usually envision an isolated artist separate from the orchestra - someone alone in a study, surrounded by staff paper - and in Europe and America this image generally has been accurate. For most of Japan's musical history, however, no such role existed - composition and performance were deeply intertwined. Only when Japan began to embrace Western culture in the late nineteenth century did the role of the composer emerge. In Composing Japanese Musical Modernity, Bonnie C. Wade uses an investigation of this new musical role to offer new insights not just into Japanese music but Japanese modernity at large. Wade examines the history of composers in Japanese society, looking at the creative and economic opportunities that have sprung up around them - or that they forged - during Japan's astonishingly fast modernization. She shows that modernist Japanese composers have not bought into the high modernist concept of the autonomous artist, instead remaining connected to the people. Articulating Japanese modernism in this way, Wade tells a larger story of international musical life, of the spaces in which tradition and modernity are able to meet and, ultimately, where modernity itself has been made.
Assessing Radiative Impacts of African Smoke Aerosols over the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biomass burning smoke aerosols exhibit complex impacts on the temperature profile of the atmosphere and cloud development. Central Africa is a region where smoke aerosols are constantly being transported westward over the remote southeastern Atlantic Ocean. A dedicated measurement platform located on Ascension Island, maintained by the U. S. Department of Energy, observed several plumes of biomass burning smoke during the 2016 and 2017 austral burn season months. It was found that the smoke aerosols displayed different radiative properties while readily activating as cloud condensation nuclei. An anomalously strong African Easterly Jet was responsible for facilitating extreme fire conditions in 2016. During the 2017 burn season, an anomalously weaker jet led to more mixing of mineral dust and marine aerosols which were more efficient at cooling the atmosphere than in 2016.
Vascular abnormalities in epidermal nevus syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a patient with epidermal nevus syndrome and right hemispheric infarct and review 3 others with neurologic manifestations best explained by ischemia or hemorrhage. Each had a significant vascular abnormality such as occlusion or blood vessel dysplasia. None had hemimegalencephaly. We hypothesize that underlying vascular dysplasia is the cause of the neurologic lesions in these patients.
Has COVID-19 changed the way we think about a good death?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Preparing for death and making arrangements for end of life care has always been a part of our lives, regardless of however taboo it has seemed. During a global pandemic, have we been forced to see things differently? Death in general is a subject we tend to avoid talking about as a society. However, with the pandemic claiming millions of lives worldwide, can we really avoid discussing it any longer? People of all ages were affected, and countless people unexpectedly lost their loved ones. When thinking of terms such as a 'good death' or 'end of life care', we typically associate these phrases with the terminally ill or the elderly. With the aftermath of the pandemic, we have been faced with the reality that many people affected by Coronavirus were also in great need of palliative care. For many affected by the virus, a good death was a luxury as opposed to the necessity it should be. With the pandemic still ongoing, an important lesson for us to learn is that our negative notions of death need to change, if we are to truly value life.