jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of psychometric properties of the German Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and its potential for cross-cultural comparisons: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the psychometric characteristics of German version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and to compare its dimensionality to other language versions in order to understand the instrument’s potential for cross-national studies. Design Cross-sectional multicentre study to establish psychometric properties of German version of the survey instrument. Setting 73 units from 37 departments of two German university hospitals. Participants Clinical personnel (n=995 responses, response rate 39.6%). Primary and secondary outcome measures Psychometric properties (eg, model fit, internal consistency, construct validity) of the instrument and comparison of dimensionality across different language translations. Results The instrument demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.64–0.88). Confirmatory factor analysis of the original 12-factor model resulted in marginally satisfactory model fit (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05; standardised root mean residual (SRMR)=0.05; comparative fit index (CFI)=0.90; goodness of fit index (GFI)=0.88; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.88). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in an alternative eight-factor model with good model fit (RMSEA=0.05; SRMR=0.05; CFI=0.95; GFI=0.91; TLI=0.94) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73–0.87) and construct validity. Analysis of the dimensionality compared with models from 10 other language versions revealed eight dimensions with relatively stable composition and appearance across different versions and four dimensions requiring further improvement. Conclusions The German version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in German hospitals. However, our comparison of instrument dimensionality across different language versions indicates limitations concerning cross-national studies. Results of this study can be considered in interpreting findings across national contexts, in further refinement of the instrument for cross-national studies and in better understanding the various facets and dimensions of patient safety culture.
Service multinational enterprises and linkages development in Pakistan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The development of various types of linkages is key to understanding the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on the economic development of host markets. Using a qualitative research approach, we investigate the linkages created by IT MNEs in Pakistan. The findings suggest that these MNEs have created management, technological, diversification, and financial linkages, among others. Their creation is contingent and co‐determined by the MNEs' investment motives, their mandates, and embeddedness in the host market as well as the local technical capability. We highlight the contributions and implications of these linkages. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate Change Leads to Relative Decrease in Coarse Woody Debris Volume in West Coast US Forests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The impact of climate change on dead wood volumes in US forests remains uncertain. Coarse woody debris, or pieces of dead wood at least 3 inches in diameter, play an especially important role in habitat quality, wildfire risk, and carbon storage. This study leverages machine learning techniques and data from the US Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program to predict coarse woody debris volumes in California, Oregon, and Washington under different climate change scenarios. Our results suggest that though coarse woody debris volumes are predicted to increase due to increasing stand age, climate change has a relatively negative impact on CWD volume. We posit that this could be driven by increased decomposition. This study represents the first machine learning approach to predicting the volume of coarse woody debris under climate change and adds to a small but growing body of evidence that climate change will have a negative impact on CWD volume.
Eicosanoid profiling in cerebral vessels and brain of WKY, SHR, and SHR‐SP rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A previous F2 linkage analysis identified a QTL for sensitivity to cerebral ischemia on rat chromosome 5 in the region of the cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) 4A genes. CYP4A is a potential candidate gene because it metabolizes arachidonic acid to form 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE), a potent vasoconstrictor of cerebral arteries. The goal of this study was to use liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to characterize CYP eicosanoid formation in cerebral vessels and surrounding brain parenchyma of Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHR‐SP) rats. Microdissected cerebral vessels and microsomes prepared from the remaining brain tissue were incubated in 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer in the presence of 1mM NADPH, 40μM arachidonic acid, 2μM indomethacin and oxygen at 37°C for 90 minutes. Samples were homogenized and extracted with ethyl acetate. Intact cerebral microvessels and brain microsomes generated 5‐, 9‐, 11‐, 12‐, 15‐, and 20‐HETE, as well as 14,15‐ and 11,12‐EET when incubated with arachidonic acid. The formation of 20‐HETE by cerebral vessels of SHR and SHR‐SP rats averaged 0.2814±0.050 and 0.2719±0.033pmol/min/mg protein, respectively (n=5). This was significantly greater than that seen in WKY rats (0.1509±0.012 pmol/min/mg protein, n=5). These studies support the potential for differences in the formation of 20‐HETE by cerebral arteries to contribute to genetic differences in sensitivity to ischemic stroke. This study was supported in part by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants HL‐59996 and HL‐29587 .
Introduction of the concept of social responsibility in the activity of pharmaceutical organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In respect that the social responsibility of business is employers’ voluntary contribution to the development of society, detailed study requires ethical issues, personal motives and other components of the formation of socially responsible behavior of the pharmacy’s subjects, taking into account the levels of its formation: personal - collective - public. The aim of the study is to determine the level of understanding of the essence of the concept of "social responsibility" by pharmacy specialists, their views on existing obstacles to the development of social responsibility by pharmaceutical organizations in Ukraine and the motives for introducing social responsibility practices in pharmaceutical activities. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the results of a sociological survey of pharmacy specialists from several regions of Ukraine. In the course of the work, methods of information retrieval, systematization, comparison, questioning and generalization were used. In the course of the study, the respondents were asked a questionnaire with combined questions regarding the understanding by representatives of practical pharmacy of the concept of "social responsibility of a pharmaceutical organization", obstacles to the development of social responsibility practices by pharmaceutical organizations and the motives for introducing social responsibility in pharmaceutical activities. Conclusions. Most experts in practical pharmacy are familiar with the concept of "social responsibility", but the completeness of its definition is different. Modern specialists do not have a common opinion regarding the manifestation of social responsibility by the pharmaceutical organization. A significant disunity in the initial definitions of the concept is found to necessitate the clarification and dissemination of information on the conceptual foundations of social responsibility with an emphasis on the branch features of its manifestation. It is necessary to develop a unified approach (educational standards) in teaching certain topics of organizational and managerial disciplines at the pre- and post-graduate level. The main obstacles in the development of socially responsible behavior of pharmaceutical organizations are seen by pharmacy specialists in the ineffective support of the state and the absence of a system to encourage such behavior of the pharmaceutical organization, lack of financial opportunities for social investments, and lack of an appropriate legislative framework for social responsibility. An important incentive for widespread implementation of social responsibility practices by pharmaceutical organizations, most respondents consider "awareness and commitment to society." The obtained results testify to the low level of personal (personal) responsibility of specialists, the unformed social competence of modern pharmacists and the desire to shift responsibility to others (the predominance of the external locus of control).
The working families' tax credit and some European tax reforms in a collective setting

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A framework for simplified implementation of the collective model of labor supply decisions is presented in the context of fiscal reforms in the UK. Through its collective form the model accounts for the well known problem of distribution between wallet and purse, a broadly debated issue which has so far been impossible to model due to the limitations of the unitary model of household behavior. A calibrated data set is used to model the effects of introducing two forms of the Working Families’ Tax Credit. We also summarize results of estimations and calibrations obtained using the same methodology on data from five other European countries. The results underline the importance of taking account of the intrahousehold decision process and suggest that who receives government transfers does matter from the point of view of labor supply and welfare of household members. They also highlight the need for more research into models of household behavior. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006 (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Nuclear Modernisation and the Disdain for Arms Control and the Non-Proliferation Regime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the extent to which the Trump Administration's nuclear strategy, encompassing nuclear modernisation and a clear disdain for arms control mechanisms and the nuclear non-proliferation regime, contributed to the undermining of international security. Whilst there are substantially fewer nuclear weapons today than during the Cold War era, the nuclear security threat remains prevalent. Clearly, Trump's preparedness to end reciprocally beneficial agreements to placate his domestic base did not augur well for global stability. Many considered the American INF departure as a precursor to the Trump Administration's desire to terminate yet another Obama signature agreement. The Joe Biden Administration's quick declaration of its objective to the seminal treaty's extension was no doubt motivated by the limited amount of time available before its expiration. Biden Administration officials underscored that the extension would also provide time and space to engage in future talks on new arms control arrangements.
Preparation of Toner Particles with Micro-serrated Texture by Chemical Milling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently various dispersion polymerization methods have emerged as an economical alternative for producing small sized toners and thus improving the resolution of electrophotography (EP) images. The polymerized toners generally have a small particle size, a narrow size distribution and a spherical shape with a smooth surface. However, the methods present several difficulties such as process and equipment complexity, potential for solvent contamination of toner particles, inflexibility of formulation variation and slow charging characteristics.We developed a novel chemical milling method of producing small toner particles, which has the advantages of the polymerization methods but are free of the abovementioned disadvantages. The spherical toner particles produced by the chemical milling method may have the mean diameter any value in the range of 3-15 μm with a simple adjustment of the process parameters. The particles generally have a narrow size distribution with the span (= (d90-d10)/d50) as low as 0.6. Furthermore, the particle surface morphology may be controlled to have a rough texture, which significantly improves the charging characteristics of the particles. The process is applicable for a wide range of binder resins, including commercial styrene/acrylic and polyester resins. Physical properties of the chemically milled toners as well as their EP performance are presented.
Bernard Mandeville in Nabokov’sPale Fire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

SEVERAL Mandevils populate the pages of Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire. In Kinbote’s commentary, we hear of two Barons Mandevil, the cousins Radomir (a ‘Zemblan patriot’) and Mirador (a ‘madman and traitor’).1 There are, moreover, at least two places in Zembla which bear the Mandevil name: a ‘Mandevil Forest’ as well as a ‘Mt. Mandevil’, both doubtless named for the noble family of the mirror-image cousins. Names in general bear a great significance in Pale Fire, and it is to be expected that even those of minor characters will carry multiple shades of meaning, often in connection with the novel’s many pairs of strange doubles. Radomir and Mirador present a clear example of this. And yet within Nabokov scholarship, little attention has been given to the source of the name Mandevil itself: there is, for example, no mention of any Mandevil in Brian Boyd’s book-length monograph on Pale Fire.2 Nonetheless, a few brief references to Mandevil offer some possibilities. A number of commentators, prominently including Mary McCarthy, have suggested one possible source: the pseudonymous author of The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. McCarthy argues for this connection on the grounds that the fourteenth-century travelogue was written by a ‘medieval impostor and author of a book on voyages who posed as an English knight’, and consequently connects to Kinbote as an émigré, a fantasist, and a fraudulent claimant to a noble title.3
Strategi Tokoh Agama dan Pemerintah Desa dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Jamaah Sholat Subuh di Desa Pajar Bulan Kecamatan Seginim

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies implemented by religious leaders and the village government in improving the effectiveness of Subuh congregational prayer, as well as to examine the obstacles they encountered. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, with triangulation techniques used to ensure data validity. The findings revealed that the strategies included communicative preaching approaches, exemplary behavior by religious leaders, support through adequate mosque facilities, and active collaboration between religious leaders and the village government in organizing religious programs. However, these efforts faced several obstacles, both internal such as low awareness and irregular sleeping patterns among youth and external, including weather conditions and the distance between homes and the mosque. The study concluded that the collaborative role of religious leaders and the village government was crucial in fostering collective awareness and encouraging increased youth participation in Subuh congregational prayer.
In-home family-focused reunification: A six-year follow-up of a successful experiment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The services provided to 120 children (62 experimental and 58 control) by state welfare agencies were followed for six years. When identified initially, all of the children were in out-of-home placements. After a 12-month follow-up of an experimental 90-day intensive in-home, family-based intervention, 75 percent of the children in the experimental group were reunified with their families, compared with 49 percent of the children in the control group who received routine child welfare services. Over six years, using state computer databases, it was determined that the children in the experimental group required less supervision time, lived at home longer, and were in less-restrictive placements than those in the control group. At the time all public agency involvement was terminated, two-thirds of the experimental families were classified as “stabilized,” compared with approximately one-third of the control group. The experimental treatment had a substantial effect on families, which continued throughout the six-year follow-up period.
The wave passage over a seamount without reflection: Analytical results using the generalized Carrier–Greenspan transform

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A method for the transformation of linear shallow water equations based on a generalization of the Carrier–Greenspan transform, well known in the theory of wave rolling on a flat slope, is presented. Thanks to it, the initial equations for waves over arbitrary bathymetry are reduced to a wave equation, from which both the displacement of the free surface and the flow velocity can be obtained simultaneously. Exact solutions in the sum of traveling waves have been obtained for certain configurations of the seabed in the form of seamounts. It is shown that when moving from a more gentle slope to a sharper one, the waveform will integrate a certain number of times, and the maximum amplitude is not reached at the very top of the mountain.
Nucleoside analog inhibiting proliferation and inducing differentiation of K562 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To explore whether nucleoside analog acycolovir(ACV) and gancyclovir(GCV) can inhibit the proliferation and induce the erythro differentiation of a K562 human myeloid leukemia cell line. Methods: K562 cells were cultured with ACV,GCV for 4 d to detect cellular changes. Results: When K562 cells grew in a medium containing ACV,GCV,the cellular growth and division were gradually suppressed, growth fracture decreased and further differentiation towards the cell producing hemoglobins was found. Conclusion: Nucleoside analog ACV and GCV can inhibit proliferation and induce erythro differentiation of K562 cells.
Robust anomaly detection algorithms for real-time big data: Comparison of algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of the today's world data are streaming, time-series data, where anomalies detection gives significant information of possible critical situations. Yet, detecting anomalies in big streaming data is a difficult task, requiring detectors to acquire and process data in a real-time, as they occur, even before they are stored and instantly alarm on potential threats. Suitable to the need for real-time alarm and unsupervised procedures for massive streaming data anomaly detection, algorithms have to be robust, with low processing time, eventually at the cost of the accuracy. In this work we explore several such fast algorithms like MAD, RunMAD, Boxplot, Twitter ADVec, DBSCAN, Moving Range Technique, Statistical Control Chart Techniques, ARIMA and Moving Average. The algorithms are tested and results are visualized in the system R, on the three Numenta datasets, with known anomalies and own e-dnevnik dataset with unknown anomalies. Evaluation is done by comparing achieved results (the algorithm execution time, CPU usage and the number of anomalies found) with Numenta HTM algorithm that detects all the anomalies in their datasets. Our interest is monitoring of the streaming log data that are generating in the national educational network (e-dnevnk) that acquires a massive number of online queries and to detect anomalies in order to scale up performance, prevent network downs, alarm on possible attacks and similar.
Molecular Structure and Solubility Determination of Asphaltenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Due to their complex chemical structure, identification and characterization of asphaltenes remain a big challenge for researchers in the oil industry. In the current contribution, solution-state two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the asphaltenes, obtained from either heavy or light crude oil samples, provide information on the chemical structures of asphaltenes at the molecular level. Two-dimensional 1H–13C heteronuclear NMR measurements are particularly useful for differentiating among several structural environments whose signals overlap in the one-dimensional 13C spectra. Both, 2D 1H–13C heteronuclear and 1H–1H homonuclear NMR spectra indicate short- and long-range interactions between different functional groups of the asphaltene samples, revealing even "bay"- and "fjord"-type structures. Based on the NMR correlations between different protons and carbons with different chemical environments, we propose various chemical structures (polyaromatic cores with aliphatic chains, porphyrin derivatives, organic salts). Furthermore, through molecular dynamics simulations, we have obtained Hildebrand solubility parameters of different asphaltene solvents and of two experimental recovered asphaltene structures. Our calculated solubilities are consistent with previous experimental and simulation works.
The Lesions Producing Paralysis of Downward But Not Upward Gaze

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We here present the second clinicopathologic study of a patient with paralysis of downward, but not upward gaze. The findings confirm that bilateral lesions medial and dorsal to the red nuclei cause the syndrome. Since bilateral lesions of the pretectum-posterior commissure have reliably produced paralysis of upward gaze it is likely that components for upward movement are concentrated in this region. This study indicates that components for down-ward movement pass (bilaterally) more ventro-caudally than those for upward gaze. Anatomic structures situated medialdorsal to the red nuclei (eg, fasciculus retroflexus) seem to be particularly important substrates mediating downward movement of the eyes. It is possible, but unlikely, that bilateral small lesions of the rostral Edinger-Westphal nuclei may contribute to the syndrome.
Additional file 7 of LNCAROD enhances hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy by activating glycolysis through induction of pyruvate kinase isoform PKM2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 7: Figure S7. Synergistic enhancement of the SMMC-7721 malignancy and glycolysis by SRSF3 and LNCAROD double-overexpression is abolished by PKM2 knockdown. Combined LNCAROD/SRSF3 overexpression synergistically promotes cell proliferation (A cell viability; B colony formation), migration and invasion (C), glucose consumption (D), lactate production (E), ATP production (F), and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) (G). These effects were suppressed by PKM2 knockdown. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines as Functionally Selective and Orally Bioavailable GABAAα2/α3 Binding Site Agonists for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of high-affinity GABA(A) agonists with good oral bioavailability in rat and dog and functional selectivity for the GABA(A)alpha2 and -alpha3 subtypes is reported. The 7-trifluoromethylimidazopyrimidine 14g and the 7-propan-2-olimidazopyrimidine 14k are anxiolytic in both conditioned and unconditioned animal models of anxiety with minimal sedation observed at full BZ binding site occupancy.