jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutritional evaluation of wheat 3. Effects of supplementation with lysine, threonine and methionine of diets based on wheat containing 13% crude protein on the performance of pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary 1. Large White x Landrace pigs were used to study the effects of supplementation with limiting amino acids of diets based on wheat containing 13% crude protein. Measurements were made of growth rate, feed conversion, carcass composition, plasma-free amino acid concentrations, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy. 2. A wheat diet supplemented with lysine and threonine, the firstand the second-limiting amino acids respectively, produced almost the same growth rate and feed conversion ratio as one supplemented with fish meal and meat meal. Methionine was probably the thirdlimiting amino acid, and additional supplementation with methionine produced a further small improvement in growth rate and feed conversion ratio to the point where they were equal to those on the diet supplemented with fish meal and meat meal. 3. Supplementation of the wheat diet with lysine only produced the same growth rate and feed conversion ratio as a least-cost commercial diet; performance was, however, inferior to that on a wheat diet supplemented with fish meal and meat meal. The commercial diet had a lower dry-matter digestibility. 4. Eye-muscle area of pigs on the wheat diet supplemented with lysine was similar to that of pigs on a wheat diet supplemented with fish meal and meat meal; however, backfat thickness was significantly lower on the latter diet. 5. Except for threonine, plasma-free amino acid concentrations reflected with reasonable accuracy amino acid deficiencies in the diets.
Agroeca Westring 1861

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agroeca Westring, 1861 This is a large genus with 28 species distributed throughout the Holarctic (Platnick, 2014). Two species, one from India and one from Peru, are most likely misplaced in this genus. Although the genus is common in the East Mediterranean, it was not previously reported from Israel.
Investigation about E. coli Producting β-Lactamase and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the relationship between (3-lactamase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL) of E. coli production,and its resistance. Methods A total of 108 isolate of E.coli were colleted from infectious samples in hospital. Routine disk method and Nitrocefin determination were performed for each of the strains. Results Routine disk method and nitrocefin-based test were used to detect resistance and β-lactamase. Sixty of one hundred eight strains were β-lactamase positive,the total detection rate was 56%. The prevalence of ESBL was 36%. There were thirty six strains production two enzymes,three production ESBL,but β-lactamase were negative. The resistant rate of penicllin,the first,second ,cephalosporin were 62%-100% in β-lactamase production,the resistant rate of the third cephalosporin was 39%-40% ,to ESBL positive strains,the resistant rate of penicillin,the first .second,third cephalosporin were 100%. The sensitive rate of imipenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam were 100% ,95% .respectively. Conclusion The routine test of β-lactamase and ESBL were use to investigation of resistant mechanism. Dealing with ESBL positive strains should be emphasized.
Marine heatwave intensity and duration negatively affect growth in young sporophytes of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kelp forests are productive and biodiverse ecosystems with high ecological, cultural, and economic importance. However, the high sensitivity of kelp to water temperature means that these ecosystems are vulnerable to marine heatwaves (MHWs), especially at the equatorward edge of their range. To date, few laboratory studies have compared the effects of MHWs of different durations or intensities on kelp, and it is difficult to determine these effects from naturally occurring MHWs in the field. We exposed juvenile sporophytes of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera from Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand to simulated MHWs three or six weeks in duration, at temperatures of 18°C, 20°C, and 22°C, corresponding to 2, 4, and 6°C above local mean summer temperatures. While all MHW treatments reduced mean kelp growth rates by over 30% relative to 16°C controls, the 22°C treatments had much more severe and wide-ranging effects, including rapid blade erosion, reduced chlorophyll fluorescence, tissue bleaching, increased δ 13 C values, and mortality. Nonetheless, sporophytes had some ability to recover from heat stress; within the 18°C treatment, mean relative growth rates neared or exceeded those within the control treatment within three weeks after MHWs concluded. These results support the findings of previous studies which indicate that M. pyrifera sporophytes experience a key physiological tipping point around 20°C. Additionally, our findings suggest that juvenile M. pyrifera from the Wellington population could be relatively resilient to MHWs if temperatures remain at sub-lethal levels. However, if average MHW intensities and durations continue to increase over time, survival and recruitment of juvenile kelp could be adversely affected, thus threatening the long-term persistence of giant kelp forests near the warm edge of their range in New Zealand.
Kinetic characterization of the two phosphate uptake systems in the fungus Neurospora crassa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The kinetics of phosphate uptake by exponentially growing Neurospora crassa were studied to determine the nature of the differences in uptake activity associated with growth at different external phosphate concentrations. Conidia, grown in liquid medium containing either 10 mM or 50 micronM phosphate, were harvested, and their phosphate uptake ability was measured. Initial experiments, where uptake was examined over a narrow concentration range near that of the growth medium, indicated the presence of a low-affintiy (high Km) system in germlings from 50 micronM phosphate. Uptake by each system was energy dependent and sensitive to inhibitors of membrane function. No efflux of phosphate or phosphorus-containing compounds could be detected. When examined over a wide concentration range, uptake was consistent with the simultaneous operation of low- and high-affinity systems in both types of germlings. The Vmax estimates for the two systems were higher in germlings from 50 micronM phosphate than for the corresponding systems in germlings from 10 mM phosphate. The Km of the high-affinity system was the same in both types of germlings, whereas the Km of the low-affinity system in germlings from 10 mM phosphate was about three three times that of the system in germlings from 50 micronM phosphate.
[Evaluation of prognosis after Q wave myocardial infarction. Comparison of invasive and noninvasive diagnostic strategies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The predictive value of several diagnostic strategies after myocardial infarction was assessed in 178 patients (mean age 55 +/- 9 years) treated medically after a primary Q wave myocardial infarction. Within 6 weeks of onset of symptoms the authors performed exercise stress test coupled with Thallium 201 scintigraphy, isotopic left ventriculography and conventional coronary angiography with ventriculography. The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 45 +/- 12%. Two non-invasive diagnostic strategies with and without results of scintigraphy and two invasive strategies with and without ventricular volumes were studied. The average follow-up period was 58 +/- 22 months. Sixteen cardiac deaths occurred. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that, in contrast to left ventricular volumes, coronary angiography did not provide additional prognostic value compared with the non-invasive model with Thallium scintigraphy and did not appear to be essential in terms of predictive value in this population. Moreover, the size of reversible defect on Thallium scintigraphy was an independent predictive factor of cardiac death and provided additional and independent prognostic information in the non-invasive and invasive strategies. Therefore, the reduction of residual ischaemia by coronary revascularisation could improve the long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction.
The Use of Helicopters in Underway Replinishment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The document presents a model of the underway replenishment of a task group by a single supply ship which is capable of transferring logistic items by helicopter as well as by the connected method. The model considers two cases where replenishment time is minimized. In one case all ships break away from the supply ship when refueling is complete. In the other case, the CVA remains alongside until all her requirements have been satisfied while the remaining ships break away when refueling is complete. The replenishment operation discussed deals specifically with a task group composed of one CVA, three DLG's and three DD's being rearmed and refueled by a single AOE. The specific portions of ordnance received via connected replenishment and vertical replenishment for each ship are the unknown quantities to be determined, while the transfer rates, refueling times, and total ordnance requirement are assumed to be known. A modified linear programming technique is used to determine an optimal employment of helicopters so that vertical replenishment time, and so the total replenishment time, is minimized. Operational data is used to establish the transfer rates and the individual ship requirements. (Author)
Editing Streptomyces genome using target AID system fused with UGI‐degradation tag

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The utilization of Streptomyces as a microbial chassis for developing innovative drugs and medicinal compounds showcases its capability to produce bioactive natural substances. Recent focus on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology highlights its potential in genome editing. However, applying CRISPR technology in certain microbial strains, particularly Streptomyces , encounters specific challenges. These challenges include achieving efficient gene expression and maintaining genetic stability, which are critical for successful genome editing. To overcome these obstacles, an innovative approach has been developed that combines several key elements: activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID), nuclease‐deficient cas9 variants (dCas9), and Petromyzon marinus cytidine deaminase 1 (PmCDA1). In this study, this novel strategy was employed to engineer a Streptomyces coelicolor strain. The target gene was actVA‐ORF4 (SCO5079), which is involved in actinorhodin production. The engineering process involved introducing a specific construct [pGM1190‐dcas9‐pmCDA‐UGI‐AAV‐actVA‐ORF4 (SCO5079)] to create a CrA10 mutant strain. The resulting CrA10 mutant strain did not produce actinorhodin. This outcome highlights the potential of this combined approach in the genetic manipulation of Streptomyces . The failure of the CrA10 mutant to produce actinorhodin conclusively demonstrates the success of gene editing at the targeted site, affirming the effectiveness of this method for precise genetic modifications in Streptomyces .
Open Inclusive Fashion: New Insights for a Co-design Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper intends to propose a platform dedicated to a community for inclusive fashion. This platform can innovate in the awareness creation process by involving a wide range of stakeholders through a novel combination of visually-centered networking/collaboration together with a powerful recommendation system based on data analytics. This solution can potentially impact positively the well-being of more than 50 million of motor/physical disabled citizens as consumers of fashion products. This can be achieved by bringing together three different networks: (i) fashion consumers, emphasizing consumers with disabilities; (ii) companies from fashion/garment/footwear industry; (iii) social and research organizations supporting disabled people. This will allow to create individual and collective awareness about sustainability at the social level demanding the engagement of groups of citizens and industries in sharing information and knowledge and developing ideas and solutions for people with disabilities facing problems related to fashion, garment and footwear products and services.
Mode coupling effects in stress-applied single polarization fibers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mode coupling effects caused by waveguide imperfections and ambient fluctuations in the stress-applied single polarization fibers have been investigated. Several origins of mode coupling, such as: 1) core deformations, 2) deformation of stress-applying parts, 3) micro-bending, and 4) temperature fluctuations, have been treated. The mode coupling parameters between the orthogonally polarized HE 11 modes are compared for various kinds of waveguide imperfections and ambient fluctuations. It was clarified that the deformation of the stress-applying parts is the dominant factor in the mode coupling effects in stress-applied single polarization fibers.
Executive compensation and corporate performance: Evidence from an emerging market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Executive compensation practices suppose to influence the motivational level of the employees and hence affect the organizational performance. The study examines to explore how the executive compensation practices by the Bangladeshi companies affect the corporate performance. The study is conducted on 56 employees of different private organizations of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire is used to conduct the survey. It is found that out of four different executive compensation plan only special amenities i.e. signing bonuses, extra vacation time, special work space, company sponsored club memberships influences the overall organization performance. This study result can help human resource managers of Bangladesh in designing the executive compensation system of their organization.
Optical constants of ammonium hydrosulfide ice and ammonia ice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Thin-film transmission spectra of ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) ice and ammonia (NH3) ice between 1300 and 12,000 cm−1 were used to determine the ice's optical constants. The films were grown on a sapphire substrate, and a Fourier-transform spectrometer and a grating spectrometer were used together to record the spectra. Lambert's law was used to directly determine the imaginary component of the complex refractive indices; from this, the real component was derived using the Kramers-Kronig algorithm. It is shown that, contrary to what is expected, the optical constants determined for NH3 ice at 80 K are in good agreement with those in the cubic phase, rather than the metastable one. The phase of the NH4SH ice was observed to change from amorphous to polycrystalline as the film was annealed to 160 K.
Endothelin receptor antagonism in pulmonary arterial hypertension – a role for selective ETAinhibition?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Both selective and nonselective ETRAs have proven to be efficacious in treatment of PAH patients, and selective ETRAs may have a slightly safer profile. However, because PAH is a rare disease and trials have relatively small numbers of patients, it is difficult to quantify the magnitude of the difference between the different agents.
Melatonin Supplementation for Six Weeks Had No Effect on Arterial Stiffness and Mitochondrial DNA in Women Aged 55 Years and Older with Insomnia: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melatonin is a hormone produced in the pineal gland that controls sleep and circadian rhythm. Some studies have reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin that could benefit cardiometabolic function; however, there is a lack of evidence to support these assertions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin has beneficial effects on arterial stiffness and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in humans. Methods: This study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled study. Thirty-eight healthy women aged 55 years and older were enrolled. All had insomnia (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≥ 5), not treated with any medications, for at least three months before enrollment. Subjects were divided into a melatonin and a placebo group according to melatonin supplementation. The melatonin group took 2 mg melatonin every night for six weeks. The cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used as an indicator of arterial stiffness. After six weeks, CAVI, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in white blood cells (WBCs), and other metabolic indices, such as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were checked. Results: Sleep quality index using PSQI was improved in the melatonin group from a score of 11 to 8 (p = 0.01), but did not change significantly in the control group. However, there was no significant intergroup difference in PSQI. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in the melatonin group from 135 to 128 mmHg (p = 0.015), while remaining stable in the placebo group. Right CAVI, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and HOMA-IR were not altered in either group. There were no intergroup differences in CAVI, mtDNA, HOMA-IR, or SBP between baseline and week six. Conclusions: We found no evidence that melatonin supplementation improved cardiometabolic parameters like arterial stiffness, mtDNA, or insulin resistance compared to the placebo between baseline and week six. Sleep quality was improved in the melatonin group. Further research, including longer-term studies with higher doses of melatonin, is warranted.
Academy of Medicine, Singapore – The Next Twenty-Five Years (1982-2007)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Academy of Medicine has been the foremost medical specialist organisation during the last 50 years. Its key roles in postgraduate education and training, specialist certification and continuing professional education have steadily increased. From a little over 500 members 25 years ago, it has now over 2000 specialists as Fellows. The Academy has acquired a permanent home, restructured the organisation, changed several Chapters into Colleges and is set to take on greater responsibility and leadership role in specialist training, examination and certification, accreditation and continuing professional development and maintenance of high standards of specialist practice. Key words: Academy of Medicine, Singapore, Postgraduate Medical Education, Specialist Training, Specialist Certification
IBCOx_1 Do we really need to use staple line reinforcement to prevent leaks after sleeve gastrectomy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction While some of systematic reviews inform us about the superiority of the stapler line reinforcement (SLR) over no reinforcement to prevent leaks in sleeve gastrectomy, the First Report from the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) with 188,000 patients contradicts this with higher leak rates associated with SLR. The objective is to understand why the variation in the literature about the SLR in preventing leaks or not and how this relates to surgeon experience. Methods Literature review was performed and analysed to identify the type of the SLR used or not. This was compared with the leak site, stomach thickness and type of stapler thickness height used. The surgeon experience was also taken into account. Results The leak rates were mainly due to inappropriate use of the stapler colour (thickness) in relation to the SLR type and the stomach thickness. In one systematic review higher leak rates were found when inappropriate low staple height (blue stapler 1.8mm closure height) was used to include bovine SLR (1mm thickness) to staple the fundal area (1.5mm thickness). In another meta-analysis less leaks rates were noticed using the same buttressing material with a larger stapler (green or gold). Increase in surgeon experience was associated with decreased leak rate. Conclusion The inappropriate use of the stapler height with the SLR contributes to the leak and can explain the variation in the literature. The surgeon experience associated with decrease leak rates.
Numerical modelling of unsteady backward‐facing step flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Numerical predictions of flow over a two‐dimensional backward‐facing step are made in the laminar flow regime. Solutions are carried out by solving the Navier‐Stokes equations in Hemholtz formulation. The wall vorticity is formulated through the use of the circulation theorem. The unsteady features of the flow development and the effects of Reynolds number on the flow structures are discussed in detail from the variations of streamline patterns, velocities, vorticities, and reattachment and detachment lengths. The current predictions are compared with the available numerical and experimental results. It is found that the comparisons are in reasonable agreement and provide detailed information about the unsteady separation phenomenon for this particular flow field.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND SUCCESSION PLANNING IN THE FAMILY BUSINESS PT. SOKA ABADI

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explore conflict resolution and succession planning in the family business PT. Soka Abadi, a family-owned company in the property sector specializing in residential developments and commercial complexes. The main issues faced by PT. Soka Abadi include family conflicts that negatively impact the company and the preparation of potential successors to lead the family business. Utilizing a qualitative research method, the study employs semi-structured interviews for data collection. To ensure the validity and reliability of the findings, the author applies source triangulation. The collected data is then reduced and analyzed to inform conflict resolution and succession planning. The results indicate several strategies for resolving conflicts in family businesses, including pruning the family tree, revolving office roles, participative decision-making, and organizational restructuring. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the succession preparation process at PT. Soka Abadi is effectively progressing through the implementation of necessary functions. Overall, the study highlights the importance of addressing family conflicts and establishing a clear succession plan to ensure the longevity and success of the family business.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Sugar‐Derived Tetrahydrothiazepine Obtained by Thermolysis from Peracetylated 5‐Thio‐D‐xylopyranosyl Azides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.