jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of the system of (1-y)(BiFeO<sub>3</sub>)-y(Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>) solid solution.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The crystal structure of the system of (1-y)(BiFeO 3 )-y(Ba 1-x Sr x TiO 3 ) (0 ≤ x ≤1; 0,2 ≤ y ≤ 0,4) solid solutions was studied based on the X-ray diffraction data and the scanning electron microscopy results. The obtained results have allowed determining the concentration ranges of a single-phase structural state, as well as the regions of coexistence of two structure phases. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of the dopant ions leads to a decrease in rhombohedral distortions. The structure of the compounds with y = 0.25-0.33 is characterized by the coexistence of the rhombohedral and pseudocubic phases. Further chemical doping leads to the transformation of the structure; it becomes single-phase and has a cubic symmetry. Splitting of the reflections specific to the rhombohedral phase completely disappears for the compounds with y = 0.35; 0.40. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the structure of solid solutions in the region of the concentration phase transition. The evolution of crystallite morphology was determined as a function of the type of structure distortions and dopants concentration.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus infection associated with respiratory signs in sloth bears (Melursus ursinus)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary In 2009, a pandemic influenza A virus ( pH 1N1) spread globally in humans and infected a broad range of captive animals with close human contact. In February 2014, a pH 1N1 virus was isolated from a sloth bear with respiratory signs at a US zoo, demonstrating that recurring epidemics present an ongoing threat to animals, including threatened species. This is the first report of pH 1N1 infection in sloth bears. To understand the sloth bear virus within the global context of pH 1N1, phylogenetic trees were inferred including full‐length sequences from available non‐human, non‐swine hosts, representing four families in the order Carnivora and one order of birds. A combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological evidence strongly suggests the sloth bear was infected with a human‐origin pH 1N1 virus, supporting the implementation of biosecurity measures to protect human and animal health.
TRANSFORMING ORGANISATIONAL VALUES AND CULTURE EFFECTIVELY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many researchers have been investigating the subject of corporate culture, which has become a buzz word of the 1980s. All results have not been in agreement but a variety of changes to accommodate a change in corporate culture have been observed. Usually the change is effected in order to increase company profitability, and the strategy chosen depends on the existing culture, the company's stage of development (growth, mid‐life, maturity) and the kind of change required. American examples are cited.
Estimated Prevalence of Blindness in the United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The actual number of blind persons in the United States is the subject of perennial question, since there is no detailed census which provides that information. Nothing short of enumeration, if that were practicable, could provide results positively known to be accurate. Programs of services to the blind and in prevention of blindness require for their basis as accurate an estimate of the prevalence of blindness as can be obtained. In these pages are the most recent reliable estimates of the prevalence of blindness in the respective states as of July 1952.
Additional file 5 of Use of multimodal dataset in AI for detecting glaucoma based on fundus photographs assessed with OCT: focus group study on high prevalence of myopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 5. The results comparison of multimodal models. Additional File Table 1. Comparison of all model performances in the validation set (Na, PPGb+Gc) groups. Additional File Table 2. Comparison of all model performances in the validation set (Na + PPGb, Gc) groups. Additional File Table 3. Comparison of all model performances in the test set (Na, PPGb+Gc) groups. Additional File Table 4. Comparison of all model performances in the test set (Na + PPGb, Gc) groups.
“Criminalization Causes the Stigma”: Perspectives From People Who Use Drugs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction In light of North America's persisting drug toxicity crisis, alternative drug policy approaches such as decriminalization, legalization, regulation, and safer supply have increasingly come to the forefront of drug policy discourse. The views of people who use drugs toward drug policy and drug law reform in the Canadian context are essential, yet largely missing from the conversation. The aim of this study was to capture the opinions, ideas, and attitudes of people who use drugs toward Canadian drug laws and potential future alternatives. Methods This paper was developed as part of the Canadian Drug Laws Project, a cross-jurisdictional qualitative study conducted in British Columbia, Canada between July and September 2020. The qualitative data are from 24 semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample of people who use illegal drugs. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically by the research team. Results Two main themes and corresponding sub-themes are presented: (1) The experience of stigma as a consequence of criminalization; (2) The perceived benefits of drug law reform. Participants spoke in-depth about their experiences living within a criminalized drug policy context and offered suggestions for new pathways forward. Their perspectives illuminate how Canada's drug laws may shape public attitudes toward people who use drugs and the consequent manifestations of structural, social, and self-stigma experienced by people who use drugs. Conclusion Participants openly and profoundly believed that current drug laws produced and propagated the public attitudes and structural inequities experienced by people who use drugs in Canada. This matters, not only because our findings highlight the fact that people who use drugs experience stigma in tangible and clearly impactful ways, but it also suggests that the criminlilization of drugs shapes the experience of structural, social, and self stigma. Finally, participants believed that efforts to destigmatize people who use drugs would be ineffectual without the enactment of more robust forms of drug law reform such as the decriminalization of illegal drugs.
S-09-5: HOMOARGININE AND CARDIOVASCULAR PROTECTION: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increasing evidence suggests that homoarginine may offer cardiovascular protection via several mechanisms. We previously investigated prospective associations between homoarginine and i) incident hypertension; ii) carotid wall thickening; and iii) cardiovascular mortality over a five to ten year period in a South African cohort based in the North West Province of the international Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. No significant associations were found between baseline homoarginine levels and incident hypertension (n = 166). However, in a group who remained normotensive over the course of ten years (n = 166), homoarginine levels correlated positively with brachial systolic blood pressure (β = 0.33; p = 0.001); brachial pulse pressure (β = 0.40; p = 0.001); and central pulse pressure (β = 0.30; p = 0.003). This may suggest that the protective effects of homoarginine is not infinite and may become overshowed by other factors once hypertension develops. When investigating prospective associations between homoarginine at baseline and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) five years later, we indicated that the protective association between CSWA and homoarginine was limited to the female participants of this cohort (n = 396; β = - 0.11; p = 0.024). We also examined whether homoarginine could predict 10-year risk of all cause and cardiovascular mortality. Higher homoarginine levels were found in survivors when compared to nonsurvivors (n = 143; 1.25 μM vs. 0.89 μM P < 0.001) and in multivariable Cox regression analyses, higher homoarginine predicted a reduction in ten year cardiovascular (standardized hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.75) and all cause (standardized hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.84) mortality risk. Clearly, it would be beneficial to investigate the regulation of homoarginine levels as therapeutic target in the management of cardiovascular disease. Previous experimental findings indicated that homoarginine infusions have beneficial effects on left ventricular contractility and diastolic function, as well as blood pressure lowering effects to normotensive levels in hypertensive rats. The safety of oral homoarginine levels was established in healthy adults and provided the foundation for two clinical trials to provide data on the optimal dosing of homoarginine in humans (NCT02675660), and to evaluate the applicability of an oral formulation of homoarginine to normalize homoarginine blood levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (NCT03692234).
Dependence of the yield and quality of potato tubers in the forest-steppe zone of Southern Urals on the level of mineral nutrition and planting density

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of mineral nutrition on the formation of potato yield under conditions of the Southern Urals has been studied depending on variety and density of planting. The quantitative assessment is given in the influence of agronomical practices on indicators of potato productivity. It is demonstrated that the cropping power of potato in the forest-steppe zone of the region depends mainly on the density of planting (factor contribution: 57.4% in experiment one and 46.6% in experiment two, respectively) and the level of mineral nutrition (36.1 and 42.7%) depends to a lesser degree on the genotype (5.0 and 8.0%). Under these conditions, it will be expedient to employ balanced fertilizer norms calculated for getting the yield of 40 tn/ha at planting pattern 75 × 24 and 70 × 19 cm.
4-[(4-Bromophenyl)diazenyl]-2-ethoxyaniline

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound, C(14)H(14)BrN(3)O, exhibits a trans geometry about the -N=N- double bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 24.01 (5)°. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the amine groups lead to the formation of a C(8) polymeric chain along [101].
Effectiveness of Self-care Support Program on the Quality of Life and Resilience of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patient; A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Family caregivers of stroke patients often experience a decline in quality of life (QOL) and resilience due to the challenges posed by the patient's disability, inadequate support systems, and difficulty adapting to the new circumstances. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of a self-care support program (SSP) for stroke patients and their family caregivers on improving their QOL and resilience. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Beesat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, in 2022, involving stroke patients and their family caregivers. A total of 80 patients and 80 family caregivers were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received the SSP, which included four weeks of continuous face-to-face and telephone follow-up. The control group followed the routine care program provided by the neurology ward. The patients' quality of life was assessed using the stroke specific quality of life (SS-QOL) tool, while family caregivers' QOL and resilience were evaluated using the Short Form-12 and Sixbey 2005 tools, respectively, both before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square, paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and Fisher's exact test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Among patients, the difference in the control group's total QOL score before and after the intervention was not statistically significant (P = 0.065), with scores of 83.77 ± 3.39 and 86.70 ± 8.25, respectively. Conversely, in the intervention group, the total QOL score significantly improved from 83.95 ± 1.43 to 119.72 ± 4.54 (P < 0.0001). For family caregivers, the total QOL score in the control group showed no significant improvement, increasing from 17.30 ± 1.60 to 18.17 ± 2.45 (P = 0.096). However, the intervention group experienced a significant increase in QOL scores, from 17.70 ± 1.11 to 25.37 ± 2.31 (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the resilience score in the control group slightly decreased from 129.15 ± 3.40 to 124.25 ± 5.31 (P = 0.12). In contrast, the resilience score in the intervention group increased significantly, from 130.25 ± 2.81 to 194.20 ± 2.15 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the SSP in improving the QOL of stroke patients and their family caregivers while significantly enhancing the resilience of family caregivers. It is recommended that medical and treatment teams prioritize involving family caregivers in care plans for debilitating diseases such as stroke and consider integrating SSPs into standard care protocols.
Phytophthora species attacking strawberry and raspberry1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytophthora frugariae causes red core root rot of strawberries. Although the disease is probably most acute in northern Europe, serious outbreaks have been reported from a number of Mediterranean countries, especially France and Italy. Leather rot of fruit and crown rot, which are caused by P. cuctorum , can also be severe problems in warmer climates. Both fungi survive in soil for long periods, but the most common form of spread is in diseased planting material. Sensitive tests have been developed to detect red core in planting material, and been used to effect in certification schemes. Root rot of raspberry has gained prominence in the last 10 years in Europe as raspberry growing has expanded, but the disease has been known for many years in France. Nine species of Phyfophthora have been recovered from affected plants, but two of these, one with affinities with P. megasperma , and P. cumbiuora , are responsible for most major outbreaks. The other species are only troublesome where drainage is poor. Again, spread is mainly in infected material. Few raspberries are resistant to root rot, but some wild RubuP spp., blackberries and raspberry x blackberry hybrids are resistant and may be useful in breeding programmes.
A Software Buffer-Control Unit for the Aloha System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an interactive use of the HP 2114B minicomputer as an Input/Output and storage device to replace the ALOHA SYSTEM Buffer-control unit. The proposed system will consist of the Hewlett Packard 2114B minicomputer, the program and two or more interface boards. The introduction offers a general view of THE ALOHA SYSTEM as a whole and lists the advantages of the proposed system. We will also discuss the ALOHA Buffer and the HP 2114B computer.
[Long-term results of treatment of supra-condylar humerus fractures in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From 1982 to 1986, a total of 106 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated at the trauma surgery clinic in Braunschweig. Undisplaced or slightly displaced fractures were treated with plaster casts. More severely displaced fractures were initially treated by closed reduction under general anesthesia and percutaneous Kirschner wiring. In 72 cases (= 85.7%) a follow-up examination revealed a very good or good result. In 9 cases (= 10.7%) satisfactory results were found and in 3 cases (= 3.6%) unsatisfactory results. The most common complication prejudicing the result was cubitus varus. It was found in 27 cases (= 32.1%), most often with a varus under 10 degrees (19 of the 27 cases). A retrospective study of the 12 cases in which the results were classified as satisfactory or unsatisfactory showed 8 insufficient reductions in fractures with severe instability.
Ministry Students Ages of Conversion with Implications for Childhood Evangelism and Baptism Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years, the age of conversion and baptism in North America has steadily decreased for most Christian faith traditions that practice believer's baptism. Several denominational leaders and Christian educators have expressed concerns about the possible negative effects related to these seemingly premature conversions. The findings from a national study of ministry students, however, provide some evidence that early conversions of individuals within a strong Christian environment (i.e., devout Christian parents and a high level of church involvement) do not necessarily have detrimental effects on the individual's spiritual growth or long-term faith commitment. Nevertheless, some basic guidelines should be followed to encourage the most appropriate practices related to childhood evangelism and baptism.
[Lesions of the anterior tibial tendon using ultrasonography: report of 2 cases].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lesions of the tibial anterior tendon have been seldom described in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no report analysing the diagnostic role of ultrasound as a diagnostic method has been published so far. Clinically, these lesions are regularly misdiagnosed as ganglions or even tumors. In the first case, ultrasound showed well known signs of tendon rupture as disorganization of the fibers, swelling, and presence of an anechoic zone corresponding to hematoma. In the second case, ultrasound showed an even more scarce lesion, i.e. insertion tendonitis on the medial cuneiform, sometimes misdiagnosed as a stress fracture. Once again, ultrasound is the method of choice, showing the spindle-like swelling characteristic of these lesions.
[Ultrasound tomography in diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound findings of 50 children with soft tissue sarcomas of the trunk and limbs were analyzed. There was a high proportion of diagnostic errors (62%), which resulted in the choice of adequate therapeutical measures at early stages of therapy and in advanced disease. The reasons of the errors were as follows: nonspecificity of the first clinical manifestations of soft tissue sarcomas; ignorance of instrumental studies that establishes a diagnosis in time; outpatient physicians' unconcern of cancer, misunderstanding of the nontumor nature of disease; no scientifically grounded algorithm of studies. Echographic signs that characterize malignancy, their changes over a therapy, ultrasound pattern due to posttherapeutical changes are considered.
A different start: midwifery in South Australia 1836-1920.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is the popular belief of many midwives and nurses in Australia that midwives of the nineteenth and early twentieth century in this country practiced completely independently of medicine, resorting to medical assistance only if the labor and delivery did not progress normally. There is also the opinion that only affluent childbirthing women had a medical man in attendance at the delivery and poorer women had a midwife. Indeed, much of the Australian historical literature supports these notions. However, evidence suggests that in South Australia this was not the case and that generally midwives practiced in collaboration with medical men. Apart from some exceptions, both midwives and medical men attended the deliveries of most childbirthing women from all strata of society. This paper will explore the provision of midwifery care in the early days of settlement in South Australia and show how the relationship between the community midwife and the general practitioner developed. In doing so, this paper will establish that the normal place of delivery in nineteenth-century South Australia was in the home with both a doctor and midwife in attendance as part of normal community life.
Data from Mammographic Screening and Breast Cancer Mortality: A Case–Control Study and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Background:</b> Observational studies are necessary to assess the impact of population screening on breast cancer mortality. While some ecological studies have notably found little or no association, case–control studies consistently show strong inverse associations, but they are sometimes ignored, perhaps due to theoretical biases arising from the study design. We conducted a case–control study of breast cancer deaths in Western Australia to evaluate the effect of participation in the BreastScreen Australia program, paying particular attention to potential sources of bias, and undertook an updated meta-analysis of case–control studies.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Our study included 427 cases (women who died from breast cancer), each matched to up to 10 controls. We estimated the association between screening participation and breast cancer mortality, quantifying the effect of potential sources of bias on our findings, including selection bias, information bias, and confounding. We also conducted a meta-analysis of published case–control studies.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The OR for participation in the Western Australian BreastScreen program in relation to death from breast cancer was 0.48 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38–0.59; <i>P</i> < 0.001]. We were unable to identify biases that could negate this finding: sensitivity analyses generated ORs from 0.45 to 0.52. Our meta-analysis yielded an OR of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.46–0.55).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest an average 49% reduction in breast cancer mortality for women who are screened. In practice, theoretical biases have little effect on estimates from case–control studies.</p><p><b>Impact:</b> Case–control studies, such as ours, provide robust and consistent evidence that screening benefits women who choose to be screened. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1479–88. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A new method based on WMRA and ANN for GPS/SINS integration for aerocraft navigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Global Positioning System (GPS) can provide precise positioning information to an unlimited number of users anywhere on the earth. However, the defect cannot be neglected, because there exists one blind district when the aerocraft flying through some altitude space. During the short time in the blind district, all radio signals can't be attained including the GPS signals. An integrated GPS/SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) Navigation system is presented in this paper. The SINS based on numerical computing platform has many advantages such as high reliability, small bulk and low cost ect. The integration of GPS and SINS, therefore, provides a navigation system that has superior performance in comparison with either a GPS or a SINS stand-alone system. This paper presents a new model-less algorithm that can perform the self-following of the aerocraft under all conditions. For improving the precision of the hybrid GPS/SINS navigation system, fusing data from a SINS and GPS hardware utilizes wavelet multi-resolution analysis (WMRA) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The WMRA is used to compare the SINS and GPS position outputs at different resolution levels. These differences represent, in general, the SINS errors, which are used to correct for the SINS outputs during GPS outages. The RBF-ANN model is then trained to predict the SINS position errors in real time and provide accurate positioning of the moving aerocraft. The simulations show that good results in SINS/GPS positioning accuracy can be obtained by applying the WMRA and RBF-ANN methods.