jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Controlled study of metoprolol and propranolol during prolonged administration in patients with essential tremor.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The efficacy of propranolol and metoprolol in the treatment of essential tremor was compared in a double blind crossover placebo-controlled study in 16 patients. Each treatment was given for a period of 4 weeks at two different dosage regimens (150 and 300 mg daily for metoprolol, 120 and 240 mg daily for propranolol). Each dosage regimen lasted for 2 weeks. Tremor assessment was carried out by accelerometry, clinical evaluation, patient's self-rating and a battery of performance tests. At the lower dosage, propranolol was found to be superior to placebo on the basis of performance tests and patient's self-assessment. At the higher dosage, propranolol was superior to placebo on all methods of assessment. By contrast, the tremorolytic effect of metoprolol was not significantly different from that of placebo, irrespective of the dosage or of the method of assessment used. Propranolol (120 mg daily) was better than metoprolol (150 mg daily) on the basis of clinical evaluation and patient's self-assessment. Propranolol (240 mg daily) was superior to metoprolol (300 mg daily) on the basis of patient's self-assessment. Both drugs antagonised standing tachycardia to a similar extent. These results indicate that the effectiveness of metoprolol, previously demonstrated in a single-dose study in the same patients, is not fully maintained during prolonged administration. In the absence of specific contraindications, propranolol represents a better choice in the treatment of patients with essential tremor.
Assessment of clinical and biochemical parameters in calves of the dairy period when introducing a feed additive into the diet

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This article examines the clinical health indicators of dairy calves, as well as data on laboratory tests of blood and urine, before and after conducting a scientific experiment on adding selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles to their diet in the form of a feed additive. It was established that the hematological parameters of calves throughout the experiment did not go beyond the reference values for this type of animal. In the course of studying the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of calves, it was established that they, as well as the parameters of the clinical blood test, did not go beyond the physiological values for these animals throughout the experiment. At the same time, some differences were identified between groups of animals. Thus, a decrease in the activity of the alanine aminotransferase enzyme in calves of the first experimental group relative to control animals was reliably established. At the same time, a significant increase in the concentration of magnesium in the blood serum of experimental animals relative to control animals was established.
Computations with Excel Spreadsheet‐UniSim Design Simulation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Preparing an experimental plan is strongly dependent on the knowledge of the process with theory, where the whole modification can be produced by some form of mathematical models or regression analyses. This chapter deals with these important issues for chemical and process engineers in two sections. The first section covers the modeling and numerical analysis with the Excel spreadsheet program which deals with curve fitting, approximation, interpolation, numerical solutions of simultaneous linear and nonlinear equations, and numerical differentiation and integration. The second section covers process simulation using UniSim Design software which deals with the property estimation, equipment and process design, and case studies. The Excel spreadsheet is today's leading software for problem solving which enables a chemical engineer to make computations and visualizations in the easiest way.
Measuring the concentration of military power in the international geopolitical system: Singer’s methodology using only military indicators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study quantitatively examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the concentration of military power within the international geopolitical system from 2014 to 2023. Utilizing a modified Composite Indicator of National Capability (mCINC) based on defense budgets and military personnel, this study analyzes the relative concentration of military capabilities among 145 states. Derived from the Correlates of War Project, our methodology enables an examination of variations in military capability concentration, especially during the pandemic years. The results trend towards the dispersion of military capabilities, with notable variations observed during the COVID-19 period, reflecting a more equitable distribution among states, notably major powers. These variations are attributed to a decrease in military capabilities among democracies, particularly the United States, and an increase in Russia’s military power. The study concludes that the pandemic years have led to a nuanced adjustment towards greater multipolarity, hinting at potential instability and uncertainty in geopolitics.
Tito’s Traitorous Clique, Kangaroos and Croats: The Australian Tour of the Football Club Hajduk and the Fight against the Cominformists in Oceania in 1949

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tito's Traitorous Clique, Kangaroos and Croats:e Australian Tour of the Football Club Hajduk and the Fight against the Cominformists in Oceania in 1949Cominformists Antipodeans "It is well known that the majority of Yugoslav emigrants in capitalist countries actively fought against the exploiters of the working class." is sentence was published in the Zagreb daily newspaper Vjesnik in late 1949. 1 In Australia, Canada, the USA, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, France, and New Zealand, Yugoslav emigrants often worked in the most di cult jobs.ey were not well-connected, and they could hardly speak the languages of their new homelands, so many of them joined organizations that promised to help them.e leading Croatian newspaper of the time wrote, " e bourgeoisie of these countries felt that they had a great opponent in the workers of Yugoslav origin."In the most developed industrial countries to which they had moved, they often lived in terrible conditions, so in a world which was receptive to the ideas of the workers' movement, many of them became communists or leftists.In the rst half of 20 th century, especially after the Second World War, the world was leaning to the left, and the Cold War intensi ed the divisions between the East and the Soviet Union on the one hand and the West on the other.After the Resolution of the Information Bureau of the Communist Party of 28 June 1948 and the break of relations between the Soviet Union and the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY), between Stalin and Tito, between the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (VKP(b)) and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ), the socialist world was divided.e split was a global one.Not only did all communist 1 Vjesnik, 12 November 1949.(Yugoslav expatriates join our Party's struggle).Majority of newspaper articles in Božidar Novak's collection are clippings.erefore, it was not always possible to quote page numbers.T ' T C , K C …
Enhancement in Dynamic Range of Amplitude-Modulated Continuous-Wave Laser Scanner Having a Coaxial Configuration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A laser scanner is a powerful tool for 3-D geometry measurement. The amplitude-modulated continuous-wave (CW) laser scanner, which benefits from high accuracy measurement operating in the intermediate range, is suitable for high-precision 3-D industrial inspection. However, due to the limited dynamic range, laser scanners suffer from data loss and deterioration. This poses challenges for 3-D modeling, conversion of 3-D point cloud data to 3-D solid data, and so on. We chose the operation wavelength in the 1530-nm region. The dynamic range of an amplitude-modulated CW laser scanner was enhanced by the implementation of a combination of a low-noise and high-gain optical preamplifier and p-i-n photodiodes, a pellicle beamsplitter, and automatic gain control using a polarization-independent high-speed variable optical attenuator based on electrooptic ceramics in the receiver. In these manners, receiver sensitivity of -72 dBm was achieved and receiver dynamic range of around 37 dB was realized. We expect that our results contribute to high-definition industrial inspection for Industry 4.0.
The Effect Of Media Use Behavior On The Preference For Smartphone Specifications

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to analyze the effect of media use behavior of cellphone users on the preferences for cellphone specifications. Based on the survey data of the Korean Information Society Development Institute and data on hardware attributes of mobile phone models, we employed a mixed logit model for the estimation of the interactions between consumer attributes and product characteristics. Since cellphone producers are sensitive to cellphone customers’ preferences for hardware specifications, this study’s results can provide a clue to predict technological changes on cellphone hardware.
New PATRIOT Act deadlines approach for broker‐dealers: Customer identification programs to be implemented by October 1, 2003

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The anti‐money‐laundering provisions of the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (the “Patriot Act”) continue to cause a profound transformation in the way the United States investment industry conducts its business. Over the past year under the authority of the Patriot Act, which amended the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), the United States Department of Treasury (“Treasury”) and the relevant federal regulators have issued rules requiring a broad range of compliance mechanisms, including: the establishment of anti‐money‐laundering (“AML”) programs; the filing of suspicious activity reports; the prohibition against providing financial services to foreign shell banks (i.e., banks without physical locations); the maintenance of records with respect to accounts for foreign banks; and the sharing of transactional information among financial institutions and between financial institutions and law enforcement.
China–Pakistan Strategic Partnership and Its Impact on Global Power Dynamics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The strategic relationship between China and Pakistan, marked by comprehensive diplomatic, military, and economic collaboration, profoundly impacts global power dynamics. This study examines the developing relationship between China and Pakistan, emphasizing their cooperation within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and its geopolitical ramifications. Utilizing organizations such as the SCO, both countries advance their strategic objectives, with the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) acting as a premier project to increase regional connectivity and economic growth. The authors assess the manner in which the SCO strengthens Sino-Pakistani relations, promotes regional security collaboration, and opposes Western-led coalitions. It also analyzes the partnership’s influence on the U.S.-China competition, India’s strategic apprehensions, and Russia’s involvement in the SCO. This paper examines the problems and opportunities presented by the China–Pakistan alliance, particularly in relation to regional instability and economic interdependence, thereby enhancing the comprehension of how this cooperation influences global power realignment in a multipolar context. The findings underscore the SCOs importance as a strategic platform for both nations, facilitating their navigation of intricate global dynamics and the assertion of their influence internationally.
Subcontractor Selection Process Through Vendor Bids: A Case of An Outsourcing Service in Construction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Subcontractors handle a large portion of the work in construction projects. The ability of the general contractor to deliver projects on time, within budget and with the expected level of quality are significantly dependent on the performance of subcontractors. Thus, selecting the right subcontractor for the right task is a determining factor for project success. Literature has identified several criteria for subcontractor selection that predominantly includes financial capacity, ability to complete on time and reputation and quality of workmanship. However, as projects are becoming more global and complex, ensuring selection and award through a fair and competitive formal process becomes imperative. Nevertheless, an understanding of a formal process, backing the selection criteria, seems to be lacking; more so in the context of engineering outsourcing services. Vendor bid analysis is one such service, wherein the general contractor packages the bids received from several subcontractors to a team in a different country who evaluate and enable the general contractor to select and award the subcontractors for project tasks. To this end, an exploratory case study was conducted in an outsourcing firm in India that provide services to general contractors in the USA to understand the formal process of subcontractor selection across organizational boundaries along with its inherent risks and challenges. Data was collected through a participatory research approach, supplemented with participant observation and team interviews which were analysed through inductive reasoning and cross-case comparison methods. The findings showed a formalized 5-phase process across the organizational interface that included assess, identify, evaluate, negotiate and optimize phases. Further, delving into the evaluate, negotiate and optimize phases, the nuances in outsourced projects and the firms strategy to overcome them were evident, such as selection criteria and negotiation strategy adopted in the case of a single bidder with high pricing to mitigate probable bid-rigging practices or ensuring constant training to overcome the challenges due to lack of trade and country specific know-how. In addition, through a reflective approach, the value addition services provided to the general contractor aimed to optimize the process and improve project governance. These findings are expected to provide practical implication for firms in similar business and act as a steppingstone to conduct further robust research.
How safe and effective is prescribing oral isotretinoin to treat acne in patients on renal dialysis? A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review of the literature suggests that low-dose isotretinoin (10-20 mg) can safely and successfully be used to treat severe acne in patients on renal dialysis, leading to a significant improvement in their quality of life. As the current literature on this topic is scarce, more studies would be beneficial to further establish the safe use of isotretinoin in patients on renal dialysis.
StrainInfo SI-ID 1957.1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

StrainInfo dataset 1957 about a strain of Clostridium oceanicum. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
Impacts of Cover Crops on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux from a Row Crop Agricultural Field in Central Illinois

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the United States, there is renewed interest in incorporating cover crops into agricultural systems to provide a variety of potential benefits related to soil quality, water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study focused on assessing whether cover crops influence N2O and CO2 emissions in a central Illinois agricultural research field over two years (2011-2013) of cover crop growing seasons. Three winter cover crop systems, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), cereal rye (Secale cereale), and a cereal rye (2011)/ hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) (2012) rotation were planted after fall 2011 and 2012 harvests. The field included a total of eight main plots, two of each treatment, and two no cover crop control plots. Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured from the plots in a single corn (Zea mays) - soybean (Glycine max) system for two cover crop growing seasons. Fluxes of CO2 and CO2 were measured in March 2012, August 2012, and February 2013. The CO2 flux measurements were performed by using an infrared gas analyzer. The N2O fluxes were analyzed from samples collected at 0, 10, 20, 30 min intervals from the same closed dynamic chamber system. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes were computed from respective gas concentrations over time. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures mixed model procedure. N2O fluxes from the cereal rye/hairy vetch plots were greater than the no cover control and annual ryegrass plots, suggesting that cover crops may not decrease N2O fluxes immediately after being incorporated into a cropping system. In contrast, CO2 fluxes did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the cereal rye/hairy vetch plot sequestered ~100 kg C ha-1 of soil organic carbon (SOC). Overall, it was observed that some cover crop plots can have higher N2O fluxes than plots without cover crops, but cover crops have the long-term potential to sequester C in croplands demonstrating that their use should still be considered a sustainable agriculture practice.
Impact of Excess Body Weight on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults in Lebanon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of excess body weight on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).A convenience sample of 320 adults was recruited from different health centers in Lebanon.Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) was calculated based on measured weight and height.Participants were divided into three groups: normal-weight (18.5-24.9),overweight (25.0-29.9)and obese (≥30.0).HRQoL was assessed using the Short-Form health survey questionnaire (SF-36).The eight scales as well as the physical (PCS-36) and mental (MCS-36) component summary measures of the SF-36 were calculated and compared statistically among the three groups.The impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on HRQoL was also examined through linear regressions, adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors and presence of chronic diseases.The results show that overweight and obese men reported reduced HRQoL on all physical scales, while overweight/obese women reported impairments on only two subscales: bodily pain and general health perceptions.PCS-36 showed lower scores in the obese and overweight subjects than the reference group.With regard to mental well-being, obese men and women displayed lower scores on vitality, social functioning and mental health subscales compared to the normalweight group.Additionally, MCS-36 showed lower scores in obese subjects.Results from linear regressions revealed significant negative correlations between BMI and both PCS-36 and MCS-36.In conclusion, overweight adults experience significantly worse physical HRQoL, while obese adults suffer from reduced physical and mental HRQoL.This highlights the
Analysis of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Liver of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis During Hibernation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hibernation serves as an energy-conserving strategy that enables animals to withstand harsh environments by reducing their metabolic rate significantly. However, the mechanisms underlying energy adaptation in hibernating ectotherms, such as Pelodiscus sinensis, remain contentious. This paper first reports the decrease in lipid levels and the expression of metabolism-related genes in P. sinensis during hibernation. The results of physiological and biochemical analysis showed that adipocyte cell size was reduced and liver lipid droplet (LD) contents were decreased during hibernation in P. sinensis. Concurrently, serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were diminished (n = 8, p < 0.01), while an increase in serum glucose (Glu) (n = 8, p < 0.01) was noted among hibernating P. sinensis. These observations suggest a shift in energy metabolism during hibernation. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms, we performed integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses of adipose tissue and livers from summer-active versus overwintering P. sinensis, which revealed downregulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs), diglycerides (DGs), and ceramides (Cers) during hibernation. The results of GSEA analysis showed that metabolic pathways associated with lipid metabolism, including glycerolipid metabolism and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, were suppressed significantly. Notably, acute cold exposure induced significant downregulation of genes related to lipolysis such as PNPLA2, ABHD5, LPL, CPT1A, and PPARα. The results indicate that lipolysis is suppressed during hibernation in P. sinensis. Collectively, these findings deepen our understanding of survival mechanisms and elucidate the unique energy adaptation strategies employed by hibernating ectotherms. Future research should explore the implications of these findings for the conservation of ectotherms and the applications for artificially inducing hibernation.
Patient preferences, referral process, and access to specialized care. Is patient choice constrained?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In most developed countries, patients have been encouraged to elect their preferred choice of health care provider. However, this is different for specialized care, where the patient’s referral could be defined as a two-stage decision process and their options are pre-selected by their general practitioner (GP). In this study, we estimate patient preferences while controlling for the pre-selection procedure, and we investigate whether patients are actively choosing their provider for cancer care. The French national hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information, PMSI – MCO 2017) has been used for investigation. We estimated a multinomial choice model when choice sets are in fact unobserved, which is assumed to identify patient preferences, in a revealed preferences framework. Our findings provide evidence that patients consider factors other than distance to select their provider. The patient – hospital distance as well as the specialization profile of providers appears to be internalized in the pre-selection process, while patients rather consider waiting times, hospital quality, and other provider attributes to make their final choice. We also found that patients would be treated in higher-quality hospitals if they had the opportunity to choose among all available providers.
Denaturalized Phonetic Processes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Classic sound change begins in phonetic environments but rapidly gives way to more abstract (phonological, morphological, etc.) conditioning. Extension to broader contexts can initially yield complication but ultimately allow for greater regularity in a different domain. This chapter treats a specific type of denaturalization that involves a split between basic and derived strings. This includes generalization at a morpheme boundary, within a morphological category, as well as examples not so restricted. The former include assimilation in Finnish participles and compensatory lengthening in the Ancient Greek aorist. The latter include the Sanskrit ruki‐rule, assibilation in Finnish, and alternations between aspirate and voiced stop in Ancient Greek.