jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of raspberry ketone in raspberry by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the raspberry ketone in raspberry. Raspberry ketone was extracted by hot refluxing method with methanol as extraction solvent. The purities in crude extract was removed by chemical method, and the aldehyde, ketone and other carbonyl compounds were isolated from crude extract. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out for the analyte under the MRM mode after the chromatographic separation on Symmetry C18 (2.0 mm×50 mm id, 2μ m) column. The quantitative limit of detection of RK in different matrix was 1.0 μ g kg-1. The average recovery was 75.4~82.3%, and the relative standard deviation was 5.97~8.40%. The method is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and adapt to the inspection of the raspberry ketone in raspberry.
Methods of sample preparation for laser scanning confocal microscopy (1)——Sample of cultured cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

With the increasing applications of the laser scanning confocal microscopy in biological research,green fluorescent protein fused proteins provide the precise spatiotemporal information of interested proteins in the cells.Therefore,immunofluorescence has become the basic experimental method of cell biology.In this chapter,protocols of the expression of green fluorescent fusion proteins in cultured cells and immunofluorescence are described.
Circular dichroism spectral properties of covalent complexes of deoxyribonucleic acid and butylamine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCircular dichroism spectral properties of covalent complexes of deoxyribonucleic acid and butylamineCatherine Chen, Robert Kilkuskie, and Sue HanlonCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 17, 4987–4995Publication Date (Print):August 18, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00520a027https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00520a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A more abstract approach to modeling of heuristic structures and problems in deregulated energy market

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper a generalized modeling approach called HIM (heuristical-informational-mathematical) is considered. It is related to known tools, such as set theory, category theory, UML, but it proposes some unifications and modifications in all of them. Generic notions in that approach are complex systems and their services. As real-life samples for that abstract meta-model, some fragments of the deregulated energy market problem are used, being one of the most challenging complex systems.
A Path to Financial Literacy: Potential Impact of a Personal Finance Course

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Concern about financial literacy in the U.S. has grown significantly in recent years as consumer debt levels rise and the rate of change in financial services and technology has increased (Braunstein and Welch, p. 445). Lower personal savings rates (including their impact on retirement) and increased filings for personal bankruptcy have also been important factors in drawing attention to financial literacy on a national level. Various initiatives and programs, however, are being developed across the U.S. by numerous stakeholder groups to promote financial education and improve financial literacy. These efforts include the development of college-level courses in personal finance as well as state-mandated financial education curriculum for public school districts. In addition, the Financial Literacy and Education Commission has been created, through federal legislation, to establish and maintain, among other things, a website of financial education materials and programs. This paper focuses on the potential impact of a personal finance course as a method to improve financial literacy for undergraduate students. This type of course, though not widely available, is becoming more prevalent. Some colleges and universities offer a Personal Finance course within the business curriculum. Generally, this course is available to all students at the college and is not allowed to satisfy course requirements for any business major, including finance and accounting. Other schools provide a financial planning education program that is registered with the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc. (CFP). As of October 2004, there were 310 registered programs at 191 colleges and universities in the U.S. (www.cfp.net).
Mixed-State Dissipation in Zero Temperature Limit in $MgB_2$ Thin Films

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have studied mixed-state dissipation in epitaxial MgB$_2$ thin films by measurements of resistive transition, current-voltage characteristics, Hall effect, and point-contact tunnelling spectrum. We found that unlike single gap superconductors with negligible vortex quantum fluctuations in which vortices are frozen at T=0 K, finite zero-temperature dissipation due to vortex motion exists in MgB$_2$ over a wide magnetic field range. This dissipation was found to be associated with proliferation of quasiparticles from the $π$-band of MgB$_2$. The result shows that the vortex fluctuations are enhanced by two-band superconductivity in MgB$_2$ and we suggest that the vortex quantum fluctuation is a possible cause of the non-vanishing zero-temperature dissipation.
Anillinus alleni Sokolov and Carlton (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini), a New Species from the Ozark Interior Highlands of Arkansas, USA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Anillinus alleni Sokolov and Carlton, new species, is described from the Ozark Mountain Interior Highlands (type locality: Blanchard Springs Recreation Area, Stone County, Arkansas, USA) based on four specimens collected using soil washing followed by Berlese extraction. The species is unique among anilline carabids in possessing extremely large, spinous projections on the male metafemora. It represents the second known anilline species occurring in the Ozark Highlands, both of which were collected using soil-washing techniques. Similarities with other species of Anillinus Casey are discussed, and ideas are presented about the potential adaptive significance of elements of external morphology in relation to subterranean habitats.
Health knowledge and behaviour change: a comparison of Edinburgh and north Glasgow

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

DATA from surveys relating to coronary heart disease have been used to investigate differences between Edinburgh and north Glasgow in levels of health knowledge and changing behaviour, and the links between them. Little difference was found between the conurbations when people were asked about par ticular ways of reducing their risk of a heart attack, but further analysis suggests that people in Edin burgh are more likely to have changed their behav iour in accordance with their knowledge of the health benefits. Attitudes to healthy behaviour, rather than health knowledge, appear to be associ ated with risk factor levels. Responses varied consid erably according to socio-economic status and the social differences between the conurbation were found partly to explain the differences in levels of health knowledge and behaviour change.
Impacts of Smart Grid Technologies on Residential Energy Efficiency

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines some technology approaches for connecting residential customers to the Smart Grid, and it looks at the mechanisms these technologies use to reduce energy consumption. Areas discussed include customer behavior change, optimization of end-use equipment through interaction with Home Area Networks (HANs), Smart Grid-enabled home appliance diagnostics, and improved ability to target and deploy energy efficiency programs. If these approaches can impact energy conservation by even a small amount, the expected benefits from reduced energy costs and deferred capital expenditures on new generation will be significant.
Isotretinoin: A Reappraisal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Isotretinoin is remarkably effective in the treatment of severe cystic acne, however, many complications have been observed during treatment and new toxic effects have been reported. Hypertriglyceridemia associated with decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has occurred in 25 percent of patients and requires monitoring during treatment. Painful erosions with granulation tissue recently have been reported in patients with severe acne. Other complications have included corneal opacities, pseudotumor cerebri, hypercalcemia, photosensitivity reactions, abnormal liver function tests, and skeletal hyperostosis. Isotretinoin is teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy. With the increasing acceptance and use of isotretinoin for cystic acne, as well as related disorders (inflammatory papulopustular acne with scarring, gram-negative folliculitis, and acne rosacea), a reevaluation of isotretinoin aimed at reducing complications is in order. Patient selection criteria and guidelines directed at reducing these complications are presented.
Individual Volumes And Masses Of 50 Mussels (Mytilus Edulis), Collected At Agon (France) The 4Th April 2018

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Individual volumes (ml) and masses (g) of 50 mussels (Mytilus edulis), collected at Agon (France) the 4th april 2018 . the volume was measured by overflow by reading the volumes difference obtained when an individual is immersed in a known volume of water (20ml). The mass is measured with an electronic scale. This dataset was used to convert mussel volume (Hectolitre) in mass (Kilogram) in an historical time series during my Matser 1 thesis in 2018 : Study of commercial fishs in Seine Bay by use the historical administrative reports for 1866 at 1980 - UFR Sciences et Techniques du Havre (France). The associated model (a linear regression : weight = a*Volume + b) is presented in the R script "ana_mussel.R".
Synaptic Gα12/13 signaling establishes hippocampal PV inhibitory circuits

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Combinatorial networks of cell adhesion molecules and cell surface receptors drive fundamental aspects of neural circuit establishment and function. However, the intracellular signals orchestrated by these cell surface complexes remain less understood. Here, we report that the Gα12/13 pathway lies downstream of several GPCRs with critical synaptic functions. Impairment of the Gα12/13 pathway in postnatal hippocampal neurons diminishes inhibitory inputs without altering neuronal morphology or excitatory transmission. Gα12/13 signaling in hippocampal CA1 neurons in vivo selectively regulates PV interneuron synaptic connectivity, supporting an inhibitory synapse subtype-specific function of this pathway. Our studies establish Gα12/13 as a signaling node that shapes inhibitory hippocampal circuitry.
The Proximal Opening Wedge Osteotomy: A Review of the Evidence and Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of symptomatic, moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformities offers numerous challenges to the foot and ankle surgeon. Many surgical procedures have been described for the correction of metatarsus primus varus with moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformity. For the larger deformity, surgeons typically turn toward a shaft or basilar osteotomy or opt for a Lapidus-type procedure. The proximal opening wedge osteotomy has become popular with the recent development of specifically designed, low-profile, opening wedge, proximal metatarsal systems. Despite initial success and popularity, a reported 3% to 11% recurrence rate has been described in the literature. In this paper, we review the evidence, our indications, contraindications, technique, and pearls for success. We believe that the proximal opening wedge osteotomy technique provides excellent correction, is technically reproducible, easy to perform, and should be an option in every surgeon’s toolbox. As techniques continue to evolve, we have added a closing wedge or distal biplanar osteotomy in those cases presenting with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle, to better achieve an isometric correction of the first metatarsal and prevent a late recurrence. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nutritional and sociodemographic determinants related to anemia in indigenous-rural Mexican pregnant women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To identify nutritional indicators related to anemia considering the sociodemographic context of indigenous-rural Mexican pregnant women. Methods Information was collected from 156 indigenous-rural pregnant women. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered and nutritional indicators were obtained: Women's Dietary Diversity Score, pregestational body mass index, weight gain for gestational age, hemoglobin concentrations, and serum levels of ferritin, iron, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin B12, and erythrocyte folate. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify variables related to the presence of anemia, creating a binary logistic regression model with significant correlations. Results 24% of the participants had anemia and low iron reserves, 32.1% had low vitamin C concentrations. Furthermore, 37.8% experienced insufficient weight gain or weight loss. Adolescent women had lower pregestational body mass index (22.2±2.8 vs. 24.9±4.4; p=0.000) and lower Women's Dietary Diversity Score compared to adult women (35.8 vs. 21.8; p=0.020). Women living farther away from the municipal center also had lower Women's Dietary Diversity Score (r=-0.213; p=0.028). In adult women, being a homemaker (OR=6.06 [95% CI=1.35-27.28]; p=0.019), experiencing gestational weight loss or insufficient weight gain (OR=5.34 [95% CI=1.56-18.26]; p=0.008), having low ferritin concentrations (OR=13.12 [95% CI=3.48-48.34]; p=0.000) and low vitamin C levels (OR=6.01 [95% CI=1.36-16.00]; p=0.014), were contributors (Nagelkerke r2=0.470) to the presence of anemia. Conclusion When developing strategies for anemia prevention in pregnant women, it is necessary to consider their social, economic, and geographic contexts. Furthermore, public policies should be established to ensure proper implementation of multivitamin supplementation and, in this kind of marginal population starting it from the onset of menstruation.
PID CONTROLLER TUNING OF 3-PHASE SEPARATOR IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY USING BACTERIA FORAGING OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In oil and gas industry, one of the most important stages in processing petroleum is separation. It can be classified by operating configuration such as vertical, horizontal and spherical or by its function which is 2-phase or 3-phase. In this paper, vertical 3-phase separator will be chosen and researched. 3-phase separator is used to separate water, oil and gas. Gas will be at the top, oil will be the middle layer and water will be at the bottom due to gravitational force and the density of the substance. The objective is to tune the PID controller controlling the level of the water in the separator. Outflow rate of the water from the bottom of the separator will be used to control the water level. Currently there are controlling methods namely PI control using trial and error method, PI control using Butterworth filter design method and IMC method. These methods were having quite high % overshoot and long settling time. So, this paper will introduce Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) in optimizing the parameters for PI control. BFOA mimics the behaviour of the bacteria in searching for highest food concentration which then modified to search the best parameters for the PID controller. BFOA will be able to find the best parameters compared with the conventional methods and show better performance than PI control using trial and error method, PI control using Butterworth filter design method or IMC method. BFOA will be studied and other existing conventional methods as well. Simulation will be done based on the mathematical model of the 3-phase separator.
High-Strength Stainless Steel by Deformation at Low Temperatures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of nickel-chromium stainless alloys made by air and vacuum melting were rolled 20 or 40 per cent at temperatures ranging from —320 to 400 F. Smooth and sharp-notched sheet-tensile properties were measured after heat treating the cold-rolled pieces for 24 hr at 800 F. Yield strengths up to 260 ksi were obtained. Hardening resulted primarily from martensite formation, and also from work hardening of the austenite prior to transformation. The yield strengths were correlated in terms of composition. Lowering the silicon content to 0.1 per cent significantly raised the toughness. Over the ranges studied none of the remaining elements had effects comparable to silicon. The toughness at a given strength level also depended upon the rolling conditions, but not upon the per cent martensite. Tests at −320 F with a low-silicon alloy showed a notch-tensile ratio of 1.0 at 297 ksi ultimate tensile strength. The results suggest that a low-silicon 301-type composition would have good cryogenic properties.
Residual Stresses in Bent Tubes for Nuclear Steam Generators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Study of the stress corrosion cracking of high nickel alloys of the Inconel-600 type has been the object of a great number of laboratory tests. Extrapolation of the test results to the service performance of pressurized water reactor steam generator tubes, and the interpretation of the incidents that occurred in some of these plants require knowledge of the stress conditions in the tubes. These stresses are of three types : Residual stresses caused by the manufacturing process.Residual stresses due to bending and roll expansion operations.Various service stresses : pressure stress, thermal stresses, vibrations, etc…
Computing Connection Matrices via Persistence-like Reductions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Connection matrices are a generalization of Morse boundary operators from the classical Morse theory for gradient vector fields. Developing an efficient computational framework for connection matrices is particularly important in the context of a rapidly growing data science that requires new mathematical tools for discrete data. Toward this goal, the classical theory for connection matrices has been adapted to combinatorial frameworks that facilitate computation. We develop an efficient persistence-like algorithm to compute a connection matrix from a given combinatorial (multi) vector field on a simplicial complex. This algorithm requires a single-pass, improving upon a known algorithm that runs an implicit recursion executing two-passes at each level. Overall, the new algorithm is more simple, direct, and efficient than the state-of-the-art. Because of the algorithm's similarity to the persistence algorithm, one may take advantage of various software optimizations from topological data analysis.
Short-term Peak-shaving Strategy for Coordinated Cascade Hydro and Photovoltaic System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The uncertainty and fluctuation characteristics of photovoltaic power pose great challenges to the safe operation and the peak-shaving process of power systems. Since cascade hydropower plants have flexible and rapid regulating capacity, a short-term peak-shaving model for coordinated cascade hydro and photovoltaic system (CHPVS) is proposed. Then, the proposed peak-shaving model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem, and the solution process is presented. Finally, a case study demonstrates the effective peak- shaving characteristics of CHPVS, and the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model are also validated.
The influence of pH of the culture medium on the sensitivity ofMycoplasma gallisepticumantigens for use in certain serological tests

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens were prepared from organisms cultured in broth medium with glucose. The influence of period of growth, pH of the medium and duration of incubation at low pH (5·0) on the sensitivity of these antigens was determined in certain tests. The most sensitive antigen for the serum plate test was harvested after no more than 8 hr. incubation at pH 5·0. Sensitivity in serum plate, haemagglutination and gel diffusion tests was impaired if organisms were incubated at pH 5·0 for long periods. Antigens prepared from buffered broth medium were found to be at least as sensitive as those from unbuffered medium for the haemagglutination and gel precipitation tests, but considerably less so for the serum plate test.
Suppression of OsRAD51D results in defects in reproductive development in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The cellular roles of RAD51 paralogs in somatic and reproductive growth have been extensively described in a wide range of animal systems and, to a lesser extent, in Arabidopsis, a dicot model plant. Here, the OsRAD51D gene was identified and characterized in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), a monocot model crop. In the rice genome, three alternative OsRAD51D mRNA splicing variants, OsRAD51D.1 , OsRAD51D.2 , and OsRAD51D.3 , were predicted. Yeast two‐hybrid studies, however, showed that only OsRAD51D.1 interacted with OsRAD51B and OsRAD51C paralogs, suggesting that OsRAD51D.1 is a functional OsRAD51D protein in rice. Loss‐of‐function osrad51d mutant rice plants displayed normal vegetative growth. However, the mutant plants were defective in reproductive growth, resulting in sterile flowers. Homozygous osrad51d mutant flowers exhibited impaired development of lemma and palea and contained unusual numbers of stamens and stigmas. During early meiosis, osrad51d pollen mother cells (PMCs) failed to form normal homologous chromosome pairings. In subsequent meiotic progression, mutant PMCs represented fragmented chromosomes. The osrad51d pollen cells contained numerous abnormal micro‐nuclei that resulted in malfunctioning pollen. The abnormalities of heterozygous mutant and T2 Ubi:RNAi‐OsRAD51D RNAi‐knock‐down transgenic plants were intermediate between those of wild type and homozygous mutant plants. The osrad51d and Ubi:RNAi‐OsRAD51D plants contained longer telomeres compared with wild type plants, indicating that OsRAD51D is a negative factor for telomere lengthening. Overall, these results suggest that OsRAD51D plays a critical role in reproductive growth in rice. This essential function of OsRAD51D is distinct from Arabidopsis, in which AtRAD51D is not an essential factor for meiosis or reproductive development.