jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Solidification of alternative phases in submicron spheres of pure nickel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Alternative phases which are other than the most stable crystalline phase can be formed from highly supercooled liquids. Phase selection occurs during nucleation which is strongly affected by the extent of supercooling. A large supercooling in the liquid is generally needed in order to nucleate alternative phases. Supercooling will increase with suppression of heterogeneous nucleation and with increasing cooling rate. Thus, high cooling rate and isolation of the heterogeneous catalytic sites should be simultaneously reaLized in order to achieve large supercooling. From a practical point of view, production of very small liquid droplets in high vacuum using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) atomization is a very effective way to achieve large liquid supercoolings. Seventeen pure elements have been studied previously by using the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) process. The results show that pure nickel forms an amorphous phase in the smallest (< 10 nm diameter) submicron spheres.
First epidemiological survey of Angiostrongylus vasorum in domestic dogs from Spain

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Angiostrongylus vasorum is the causative agent of canine angiostrongylosis, a disease that mainly affects domestic dogs and others wild carnivores. In Europe, the number of infected individuals is increasing, being located in central and southern countries. In Spain, several studies have reported high prevalence of A. vasorum in wild animals. However, there are no studies that address the current situation of the disease or its distribution in domestic dogs, and complaints from veterinary personnel are very limited. Taking into account these facts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of A. vasorum in different areas of Spain. Methods: Between November 2018 and October 2019, blood was sampled from a total of 2024 domestic dogs from 6 zones of Spain with climatologies that favour the establishment of the disease, where all dogs included in the study lived outdoors or had regular access to areas with vegetation and none had traveled outside the study area of ​​interest in the past year. Details about their gender and age were collected. All dogs were tested for the presence of A. vasorum circulating antigens using AngioDetect TM . Results: The prevalence of canine angiostrongylosis in the studied areas of Spain was 1.73%. No differences were found between males and females but by age, significant differences were found between dogs <1 years and the rest of three groups of age. By eco-epidemiological areas, the highest prevalences were obtained in the north and northwest of Spain and the lowest was described in the central area. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the disease is present in Spain in domestic dogs where previously infected wild animals existed or where climatic conditions are favourable for the establishment of the disease.
A demographic survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites based on socioeconomic determinants in Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was conducted to investigate prevalence of intestinal parasites and the risk factors related to socio-demographic characteristics of patients admitted in pathology ward, General Hospital, Gujranwala.318 stool samples were collected from patients and examined under light microscope by using wet mount technique. While socio-demographic information was collected in the form of a questionnaire.The results showed seven (n = 7) species of intestinal parasites were prevalent in stool samples of patients. Among them, four (n = 4) were helminth and three (n = 3) were protozoan parasites causing single and mixed infections. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 78.3% (n = 249/318) considering both male and female patients. Highest prevalence was recorded for A. lumbricoides (n = 125, 39.3%) followed by H. nana (n = 10, 3.1%), S. stercoralis and T. saginata (n = 6, 1.9%). Among protozoan parasites, higher prevalence was recorded in G. lamblia (n = 23, 7.2%) followed by E. histolytica (n = 21, 6.6%). Among single infections, the most prevalent parasite was A. lumbricoides and less prevalent parasites were S. stercoralis and T. saginata. The factors that had significant effect (p < 0.05) on prevalence of parasitic species were contaminated water, food, soil, and surrounding environment.The present study determined that the parasite helminth (A. lumbricoides, H. nana, S. stercoralis, T. saginata) and protozoan (G. lamblia and E. histolytica) are common that pose an important public health concern in Pakistan.
Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose (Rosarugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Triterpenoids and steroids are considered to be important for the fruit quality and health-promoting properties for the consumers. The aim of the study was the determination of the changes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis and the accumulation in hypanthium and achenes of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) hip during fruit development and ripening at three different phenological stages (young fruits, fully developed unripe fruits, and matured fruits). Triterpenoids and steroids were also determined in the peel and the pulp of the matured hips. The obtained results indicated that the distribution of the analyzed compounds in different fruit tissues is a selective process. The increased rate of hydroxylation of triterpenoids, the deposition of hydroxylated acids in fruit surface layer, and the continuous biosynthesis of phytosterols in achenes versus its gradual repression in hypanthium accompanied by the accumulation of their biosynthetic intermediates and ketone derivatives seem to be characteristic metabolic features of maturation of rugosa rose accessory fruit. These observations, apart from providing the important data on metabolic modifications occurring in developing fruits, might have a practical application in defining fruit parts, particularly rich in bioactive constituents, to enable the development of novel functional products.
Laparoscopic Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past 15 years, initial skepticism for laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) has given way to enthusiasm. At specialized centers LRC is already offered as a feasible alternative (1) to open cystectomy, the reference standard (2). Progress in the field of LRC has been measured, slowly and deliberately. Among genitourinary cancers, transitional cell carcinoma is unforgiving of surgical missteps. Positive margins and urine spillage for organ-confined disease are unacceptable – negatively impacting disease-specific survival (3). Slow progress is therefore appropriate, indicating that irrational exuberance for technological advances have been tempered by dedicated pioneers who are intent on duplicating open oncological principles in this arena.
Taxation and Regulation of the Financial Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The global financial crisis has triggered a review of the links between fiscal management and regulation of the financial sector. It resulted in considerable interest in taxation in relation to regulation of the financial sector and there is some evidence of new approaches in this regard. There is recognition of shared objectives and complementarities between the two in achieving their objectives. There is a debate on the extent of under-taxation of the financial sector and distortions caused in the financial sector by the tax system. In this context, there is renewed interest in Tobin Tax. The perspectives of developing countries on the subject are important, though they may not currently be the focus of discussions and policies. This chapter is devoted to exploration of the links, the new approaches, the shared objectives, and the overlap between taxation and regulation. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised the issue of domestic resource mobilization, which is intertwined with better regulation of taxation of transnational companies. These are base erosion and profit sharing, transfer pricing rules, and thin capitalization.
Universe: the dynamics resulting from its maximum states of contraction and expansion (Cosmology from Vanishing Dimensions)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The evolution of the Universe is observable when the expansive motion already exists; thus, the definition of universal states (before the beginning and after the end of the expansion) with zero kinetic energy can be a challenge to be solved by parallel analysis. Considering that a complete description of the Universe can provide important insights, the logic of conceptual connections is used as an alternative; in this sense, an exclusive presence of a linear Space (1D) in momentary states of maximum contraction and expansion is analyzed, with our Universe (3D Space) considered as created and existing between these extremes. The concept of rest mass energy became applicable, revealing that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a permanent time dimension.
A narrative review of problems with medicines use in people with dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Previous research showed a high prevalence of medication-related problems in people with dementia. However, no single category of medication-related problems was reported consistently as the most frequent type across studies. The available studies also showed that medication-related hospitalization was common among people with dementia. These findings underline the need for effective medication management services to reduce the risk of these problems in people with dementia and cognitive impairment. Further work is required to characterize medication-related problems comprehensively in this vulnerable patient group across settings of care. Future research should take a holistic approach in the identification of medication-related problems.
Hemorragia por ruptura de pseudoaneurisma pancreático.: Caso clínico

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a 52 year old man with a pancreatic pseudocyst, that was admitted with severe abdominal pain, severe vomiting, fever and malaise. The clinical picture was considered secondary to a pseudocyst infection and the patient was operated, draining the infected cyst performing a necrosectomy and pancreatocystojejunostomy. Forty eight hours after the operation, an ostomy bleeding was detected. A upper mesenteric artery angiography showed two pseudoaneurysms in the gastroduodenal artery, that were embolized. Bleeding stopped initially, but seven days later, it reappeard. The patient was subjected to an emergency pancreatoduodenectomy. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and the patient was discharged two weeks later. Spontaneous bleeding of pseudoaneurysms secondary to chronic pancreatitis is a complication with a 15 to 40% mortality that must be bore in mind (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 81-85).
ELM-free H-mode phase and decoupling of peeling–ballooning stability boundary in the MAST Upgrade tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peeling–ballooning stability analysis of the edge-localized mode (ELM)-free phase of a MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) H-mode plasma is presented. In contrast to other similar discharges, #47018 is found to have a significantly higher and wider pedestal during its ELM-free H-mode phase that lasts for approximately 80 ms; this is made possible by the reduced core MHD mode activity on the q = 2 surface. During this period, there is sustained decoupling of peeling and ballooning branches of the stability boundary on J – α space, opening an access channel to the second stability regime with higher peaks in pedestal current density J N , ped and pressure gradient ( α ). Such decoupling of the stability boundary has not previously been observed in MAST-U H-modes, and if such a condition can be readily reproduced, it opens a wide range of opportunities for MAST-U to explore low-collisionality peeling-limited pedestal regimes as well as advanced scenarios such as quiescent H-modes that are relevant to future reactors such as STEP and ITER.
Enhancement of Performance of Semi-Submersible Behaviour on Heave Motion by Adding Heave Plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results from a study on the enhancement of the heave performance of a semi-submersible in deepwater by adding heave plates. Heave motion Response Amplitude Operators (RAO) of a conventional semi-submersibles is first obtained through the construction of transfer functions and validated in the current study. The effects of the heave plates in terms of elevation, sizes and shapes on the heave motion RAO are then presented and discussed. The study reveals that the elevation of the heave plates has a significant impact on the heave performance of the semi-submersible. Parameters such as sizes and shapes also affect the effectiveness of the heave plate as an additional mechanical damping devices. Based on these results, recommendations are then made on how to enhance the heave performance of the semi-submersible.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of mitochondria from human ovarian cancer cells and their paclitaxel‐resistant sublines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Paclitaxel resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The chemoresistance mechanisms are partly related to the mitochondria. Identification of the relevant proteins in mitochondria will help in clarifying the possible mechanisms and in selecting effective chemotherapy for patients with paclitaxel resistance. In the present study, mitochondria from two paclitaxel‐sensitive human ovarian cancer cell lines ( SKOV 3 and A2780) and their corresponding resistant cell lines ( SKOV 3‐ TR and A2780‐ TR ) were isolated. Guanidine‐modified acetyl‐stable isotope labeling and liquid chromatography‐hybrid linear ion trap Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ( LC ‐ FTICR MS ) were performed to find the expressed differential proteins. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed eight differentially expressed proteins in the ovarian cancer cells and their paclitaxel‐resistant sublines. Among them, mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ were selected for further research. The effects of mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ were explored using specific si RNA interference in ovarian cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry in human tissue specimens. The downregulation of mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ using specific si RNA in paclitaxel‐resistant ovarian cancer cells led to an increase in the resistance index to paclitaxel. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that lower expression levels of the mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ proteins were positively associated with shorter progression‐free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) in patients with primary ovarian cancer (mimitin: PFS : P = 0.041, OS : P = 0.003; 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ: PFS : P = 0.031, OS : P = 0.011). Mimitin and 14‐3‐3 protein ζ/δ are potential markers of paclitaxel resistance and prognostic factors in ovarian cancer.
Identify the reference signal of scalp EEG recording

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In [10] we proposed two methods to identify the reference signal under the key assumption that the reference signal is independent from EEG sources. This assumption may be true for intracranial EEG with a scalp reference. However, it may not be true for scalp sources with a scalp reference electrode. As such, this limits the application of our methods to the vast majority of scalp EEG with cephalic reference or non-cephalic reference such as earlobe. In this paper, we select the earlobe of one subject as the reference site, propose one special experimental method for the subject by taping the reference electrode about once every second and record scalp EEG for some time period. In this way we try to artificially produce the reference signal which may be independent from scalp sources so that the two methods in [10] can be successfully applied. As a result, for upcoming scalp EEG without taping the reference electrode, we propose two simulation methods to automatically identify the reference signal without taping in real time. Our simulation results show that the corrected scalp EEG after identifying the reference signal and removing it from the original scalp EEG by means of each of two simulation methods not only completely removes obvious common artifacts, but also involves much more brain neural activities than the corrected EEG after removing average reference (AR) from the original scalp EEG. Moreover, the identified reference signal during no-taping is indeed correlated with scalp sources.
Virtual archival exhibition system : a tool to access culture and heritage resources.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation covers the design and development of the Virtual Archival Exhibition System (VAES) that supports the authoring of web-based virtual exhibitions. The virtual exhibitions can be tailored to serve the needs of various user groups through the application of style sheets and amalgamation of different reusable archival information objects that are endowed with rich metadata. By using different information layers, reusing the layout setting, and applying different style sheets, it is easy for authors or archivists, especially for those who are less proficient in IT, to create multiple versions of the same exhibition that vary in content, layout and presentation to meet the diverse information needs of a range of different user communities.
Vocational education for self-reliance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, according to the author, every individual requires education for self-reliance and this is seen by some as the path to national development. In this paper, the definitions for vocational education and self reliance are examined, objectives are highlighted, and some of the scopes stated. The importance of vocational education is highlighted along with some of the issues. From the discussions, conclusions are reached and recommendations offered. The paper concludes that vocational education, if properly administered, will lead to Nigeria becoming self-reliant nation.
Role of Ca2+ in response of adrenal glomerulosa cells to angiotensin II, ACTH, K+, and ouabain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effects of Na+-K+-ATPase inhibition by ouabain and blockage of Ca2+ influx into the cell by verapamil and lanthanum on the response of isolated rat adrenal glomerulosa cells to angiotensin II, ACTH, and K+ were studied. Ouabain significantly increased basal aldosterone output at a concentration of 10(-5) mol/liter, whereas at 10(-3) mol/liter basal secretion was unaffected. Steroidogenic response to angiotensin II was significantly potentiated at concentrations of ouabain of 10(-5) mol/liter, but responses to angiotensin II, ACTH, and K+ were inhibited by 10(-4) and 10(-3) mol/liter of ouabain. The Ca2+ antagonist verapamil (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/liter) decreased basal aldosterone secretion as well as the response to angiotensin II, ACTH, and K+. The effects of ouabain (10(-5) mol/liter) on basal and stimulated steroidogenesis were abolished by verapamil (10(-4) mol/liter). Lanthanum decreased basal and angiotensin II, ACTH, and K+ induced aldosterone secretion. The effects of ouabain (10(-5) mol/liter) on basal and stimulated aldosterone biosynthesis were blocked by lanthanum. These results suggest that Ca2+ mediates the effects of angiotensin II, ACTH, K+ and Na+-K+-ATPase inhibition on aldosterone biosynthesis. Ca2+ may be the final common intracellular messenger of most aldosterone secretagogues.
Orbweavers′ Differential Responses to a Tuning‐Fork

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Patent factors in this behavior situation are, species and (developmental) age of the spider, position of the.spider with reference to the nest, position of fork with reference to spider.Probably significant, but in the.present circum- stances less readily observed factors include general ten- sional state o+/-" side.r(a.s nutritional), conditions of temper- ature and illumination (season, night and day; present ob- servations mostly of daytime, behavior), individual and sex differences.Present reference is to females half grown or more, unless otherwise specified.Species observed include ma.inly
Farklı Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Kereviz (Apium graveolens L. rapaceum) Sap ve Yapraklarının Aroma Profili Üzerine Etkisi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aromatic stems and leaves of celeriac (Apium graveolens L. rapaceum), which are often underutilized, hold significant potential for evaluation in terms of aroma compounds and possible use as a spice. For this purpose, in this study, stems and leaves of celeriac were dried using oven and sun drying methods. Aroma profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and odor activity values (OAVs) were also calculated. A total of 17 aroma compounds were identified in both drying methods, with monoterpenes being the most abundant. The dominant compounds included limonene, β-myrcene, and α-osimene. According to the OAVs, 10 compounds stood out, with the highest OAVs recorded for 3-n-butylphthalide and β-myrcene in both samples. The concentration and OAVs of aroma compounds were higher in oven-dried samples compared to sun-dried ones.
CD₈⁺ AND CD₄⁺ REGULATORY T CELLS IN COLORECTAL CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is closely associated with the development of an antitumor immune response. An important role in the regulation of the immune response is given to regulatory T cells (Treg), which may interfere with the effective recognition and elimination of tumor cells. The aim of the work was to study the content of peripheral CD8+Treg cells in patients with CRC. Analysis of the membrane and intracellular expression of markers was performed by multicolor flow cytometry. In patients with CRC, an accumulation of peripheral CD8+ and CD4+Treg lymphocytes was observed at all stages of CRC. Along with this, there was a significant decrease in the number of activated T-helpers.
Molecular cloning and long terminal repeat sequences of human endogenous retrovirus genes related to types A and B retrovirus genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

By using a DNA fragment primarily encoding the reverse transcriptase (pol) region of the Syrian hamster intracisternal A particle (IAP; type A retrovirus) gene as a probe, human endogenous retrovirus genes, tentatively termed HERV-K genes, were cloned from a fetal human liver gene library. Typical HERV-K genes were 9.1 or 9.4 kilobases in length, having long terminal repeats (LTRs) of ca. 970 base pairs. Many structural features commonly observed on the retrovirus LTRs, such as the TATAA box, polyadenylation signal, and terminal inverted repeats, were present on each LTR, and a lysine (K) tRNA having a CUU anticodon was identified as a presumed primer tRNA. The HERV-K LTR, however, had little sequence homology to either the IAP LTR or other typical oncovirus LTRs. By filter hybridization, the number of HERV-K genes was estimated to be ca. 50 copies per haploid human genome. The cloned mouse mammary tumor virus (type B) gene was found to hybridize with both the HERV-K and IAP genes to essentially the same extent.