jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
More Names for Depression: Is a Rose a Rose?-Reply

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In Reply.

—Dr Reynolds has come forward with a fascinating proposal—to rename clinical depression as "limbic dysfunction." His reasoning is that control or mediation of many of the symptoms of depression are located in limbic structures. His proposal is worthy of serious consideration I certainly agree that depression is a disorder of regulation, but I think it would be a mistake to reference this primarily to the limbic system. We have evidence that abnormalities in other areas of the brain (the frontal cortex and the caudate nucleus) are associated with depression.1-3Furthermore, depression is a whole-body illness. For example, endocrinologic abnormalities are not restricted to the brain. Also, the proposal of limbic dysfunction ignores important cognitive (eg, feelings of worthlessness) and interpersonal (eg, social with-drawal and impaired relationships) features that are fundamental to depression. I would prefer to renew efforts at destigmatizing medical illnesses that have behavioral and emotional components
Touching history: Designing digital papyrus interactions through physical interface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage face challenges due to the fragile nature of ancient artifacts. Recent advances in extended reality (XR) and digital twin technologies now enable the creation of interactive, lifelike replicas of these artifacts. This Studio aims to explore and ideate intuitive multimodal interactions with ancient papyrus, where users may physically engage with a scroll to manipulate its digital twin in an XR environment. The Studio focuses on experience for the general public. This experience may allow the public to interact with historical texts by rotating, zooming, and even querying the digital artifact about its content and historical context.
Use of Plc as ICTS for Humidity Control in the Refrigeration Area of an Agricultural Industry of the Mexicali Valley México

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work shows the need to apply information and communication technologies (ICTs) with a Programming Logic Controller (PLC) to control humidity by remote monitoring in the refrigeration process of an agricultural industry located in the Mexicali Valley of northwestern Mexico, where large amounts of orange are grown in this region of the country. This industry there were automated electronic devices (AEDs) for humidity control in the refrigeration area to prevent the deterioration of this agricultural product, only that the AEDs installed inside the evaluated company, did not operate properly due to the presence of outdoor atmospheric pollution (hydrogen sulfide (H2S)) and oxide sulfur (SO2)), and extreme climates in summer and winter (variations of temperature and relative humidity (RH))in this area of the country, that had an negative effect in indoors environments, and damaged their electrical connections. The principal climatic variables are the temperature and relative humidity (RH). The humidity in the refrigerated room for the orange keep its nutritional and physiological conditions, had to be between 45% and 55%. As AED, did not function properly, the climate inside the agricultural industry was not controlled, causing low and high humidity levels. With indexes below 30% humidity in the refrigerated room, oranges dehydrated and began to wilt, in addition to losing weight that was considered as unfit products for marketing. And at levels greater than 60% humidity, in this agricultural product microorganisms formed and caused rot, considered as a defective product and in both cases causing economic losses. The PLC was used with a wireless system and installed in an isolated room that only specialized personnel could enter if necessary. This was done in this way, to avoid deterioration of their electrical connections and that they did not operate as the AEDs and had adequate humidity control, to constantly maintain adequate humidity in the refrigerated room and avoid the generation of defective products. The research was made out from 2018 to 2019.
Reconstruction of Full-thickness Soft Tissue Defects with Integra: Risk Factors and Treatment Algorithm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Despite the fact that dermal substitutes are widely used in reconstructive surgery, there have been no studies focused on predictors of complications or delayed matrix take. We propose an algorithm for management of soft tissue reconstruction with Integra dermal matrix, based on our 5-year-long clinical experience. Methods: An estimated 111 patients who underwent Integra reconstruction of full-thickness soft tissue defects of different anatomical sites and etiology were enrolled, and dichotomized in two groups according to complications. Participants were further studied according to the wound healing strategy: healing by secondary intention, skin graft (STSG), and flap surgery. A regression analysis was conducted in the whole sample to identify possible predictors of complications. Results: No significant differences according to complications were observed. The between-group statistical analysis showed significant differences in age, comorbidities, defect area, diagnosis, and defect site. The regression analysis revealed that the timing of split-thickness skin graft (STSG) was not influenced by age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), defect area, site, wound etiology, and risk factors in the subjects who underwent a two-step reconstruction. Healing by secondary intention is recommended for small post-oncological defects of the head, especially in elderly and multimorbid patients. Variables that may interfere with dermal substitutes’ incorporation are independent of the timing of STSG placement; therefore, no predictors of complications or delayed matrix take were identified. Conclusions: Our findings showed that Integra can be used in a wide range of patients regardless of their general features, thus acting as a useful alternative to conventional reconstructive techniques in selected cases.
Impact Assessment of Microinsurance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The impact of microinsurance has two distinct orientations — ex post assessments and ex ante assessments. This distinction is helpful for donors/investors/lenders who are interested in the indicators and evidence of results that their financial commitments affect. Along with a growing interest in the impact of community-based health insurance (CBHI), there has been a surge in the detailed guidelines on the metrics, data elements, and methods to show the impact. We discuss here the evidence relating to the CBHI schemes improving health service utilization, providing financial protection for members, and improving the quality of care and social inclusion. The relevance of impact investments and the significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing and corporate social responsibility (CSR) investing is also discussed.
Principles and State of the Art of Agent-Based Migration Modelling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Migration as an individual behaviour as well as a macro-level phenomenon happens as part of hugely complex social systems. Understanding migration and its consequences therefore necessitates adopting a careful analytical approach using appropriate tools, such as agent-based models. Still, any model can only be specific to the question it attempts to answer. This chapter provides a general discussion of the key tenets related to modelling complex systems, followed by a review of the current state of the art in the simulation modelling of migration. The subsequent focus of the discussion on the key principles for modelling migration processes, and the context in which they occur, allows for identifying the main knowledge gaps in the existing approaches and for providing practical advice for modellers. In this chapter, we also introduce a model of migration route formation, which is subsequently used as a running example throughout this book.
Autoimmune interstitial nephritis induced in inbred mice. Analysis of mouse tubular basement membrane antigen and genetic control of immune response to it.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Purified murine tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigen (molecular weight, 32,000) induced interstitial lesions in Brown Norway (BN) rats. TBM antigen prepared from mice of 3 inbred strains--BALB/c, C3H/He, and C57BL/6--and outbred ddY mice possessed both antigenicity and nephritogenecity. Using these TBM antigens, the roles of humoral and cellular immunity in the development of interstitial nephritis (IN) and the genetic control of the induction of IN in inbred mice were investigated. BALB/c mice were highly susceptible to IN and showed a high antibody response and a high lymphocyte proliferative response to syngeneic and allogeneic TBM antigen, whereas C57BL/6 mice did not. C3H/He mice, in which minimal interstitial lesions developed, showed a high antibody response but a low proliferative response of T cells to TBM antigen. TBM antigen sensitized T cells induced interstitial lesions, but anti-TBM antisera did not do so. Thus, the development of IN seemed to be related closely to cellular immunity. Further studies with their hybrids, backcrosses, congenic mice, and recombinant mice suggested that the induction of IN and the immune response to TBM antigen are controlled by 1 or a few dominant genes, whose loci are within, or closely linked to, the H-2 complex.
Evaluating the Effect of Olfactory Training on Improving the Sense of Smell in Patients with COVID-19 with Olfactory Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 disease is associated with many complications, including the disorder of the sense of smell, which is stable even months after the infection and negatively impacts the patient’s quality of life. Nursing interventions to solve this problem are among the nursing care priorities for these patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of olfactory training on improving the sense of smell in patients suffering from olfactory disorders with COVID-19. Methods This randomized clinical trial was based on pre-test-post-test type on people who were referred with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in Babol, Iran, under the supervision of Babol city health center with the disorder in the sense of smell. A total of 100 patients were selected by the available method and randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. Both groups completed the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders - Negative Statements (QOD-NS) before the intervention. The olfactory training intervention group was exposed to four categories of main scents: phenylethyl alcohol (the smell of roses from rose geranium), eucalyptus (the smell of eucalyptus), citronol (the smell of lemon), and eugenol (the smell of cloves) twice a day, morning, and night for six weeks, rotating for 20 seconds each with a ten-second interval between each scent. After completing the olfactory training course, both groups answered the quality of life questionnaire about smell. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, independent paired t-tests. Results The average score of olfactory disorder in patients with COVID-19 before the intervention in the intervention and control groups was 24.32 ± 6.60 and 22.85 ± 8.04, respectively, which did not have a significant difference (P = 0.33). The values reached 19.60 ± 5.74 and 22.52 ± 7.39, statistically significant (P = 0.034). Conclusion Olfactory training effectively improved the sense of smell in patients with COVID-19 suffering from olfactory disorders. Therefore, this program should be taught by nurses to improve patients with COVID-19 with olfactory disorders after discharge.
Correlation Based Node Partitioning to Sparse Multilayer Perceptron

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>A signal-dependent, correlation-based pruning algorithm is proposed to sparsify inter-layer weight matrices of a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The method measures correlations of node outputs for an input or hidden layer. The nodes are partitioned, accordingly. The nodes of a partition with relatively higher correlations are bundled to be the inputs of a node in the next layer. Such partitioning improves subspace representation of nodes in the network. The numerical performances for various MLP architectures and input (training) signal statistics for the two-class classification problem are presented. The results provide insights on the relationships between signal statistics, node and layer behavior, network dimension, depth, sparsity, and system performance. We show convincing evidence in the paper that the model design should track input statistics and transformations through the building blocks to sparsify the network for improved performance and computational efficiency. The proposed pruning method may also be used to design a self-reconfiguring network architecture with weight and node sparsities.</p>
Intuitive Moral Bias Favors the Religiously Faithful: Evidence from Two Societies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Belief in powerful supernatural agents that enforce moral norms has been theoretically linked with cooperative altruism and prosociality. Correspondingly, prior research reveals an implicit association between atheism and extreme antisociality (e.g., serial murder). However, findingscentered on associations between lack of faith and moral transgression do not directly address the hypothesized conceptual association between religious belief and prosociality. Accordingly, we conducted two pre-registered experiments depicting a “serial helper” to assess biases related to extraordinary helpfulness, mirroring designs depicting a serial killer used in prior cross-cultural work. In both a predominantly religious society (the U.S., Study 1) and a predominantly secular society (New Zealand, Study 2), we successfully replicated previous research linking atheism with transgression, and obtained evidence for a substantially stronger conceptual association between religiosity and virtue. The results suggest that stereotypes linking religiosity with prosociality areboth real and global in scale.
An Approach to Gender Pay Equity Analysis Using Bayesian Hierarchical Regression

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Diversity and inclusion, or D and I, is a topic that sparks the interest of companies, research groups, and individuals alike. Recently in the United States, renewed focus has been placed on fair and equitable pay practices, which are a key component of promoting diversity in the workplace. Despite the increased demand for reliable pay equity analysis, the challenges of conducting this type of analysis on industry data have not been adequately addressed. This paper explains a few limitations of current approaches to pay equity analysis by gender and improves on them with a Bayesian hierarchical regression model. Using global workforce data from a large U.S. semiconductor company, Micron Technology, Inc., the paper demonstrates how the model provides a holistic view of gender pay equity across the organization, while overcoming issues more common in industry data, such as small sample size and poor gender representation. When compared to a prior analysis of Micron's U.S. workforce, this approach decreased the amount of manual review required, enabling decision makers to finalize pay adjustments across a workforce of 31,738 people within four weeks of receiving preliminary model results.
Innovations for Poverty Action M.I.T. Jameel Poverty Action Lab

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We conducted a field experiment to measure the effect of exposure to newspapers on political behavior and opinion. Before the 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election, we randomly assigned individuals to a Washington Post free subscription treatment, a Washington Times free subscription treatment, or control. We find no effect of either paper on political knowledge, stated opinions or turnout in post-election survey and voter data. However, receiving either paper led to more support for the Democratic candidate, suggesting that media slant mattered less in this case than media exposure. Some evidence also suggests that receiving either paper led to increased 2006 voter turnout.
Catalysts based on foam materials for neutralization of gas emissions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Foam metals represent a very promising type of structural materials for heterogeneous catalysis.Catalysts based on foam metals showed high efficiency in the processes of deep and partial oxidation of organic compounds.Foam metals have uniform cellular structure having high mechanical strength and gas permeability.Good mechanical and gas-dynamic properties of foam metals promise to make them an efficient alternative of the traditional granular and honeycomb catalysts for neutralization of gas emissions.Any corrosion-resisting metal or alloy -Cu, Ni, Fe, Cu-Ni, Ni-Cr and steel -can be foam support stock.Although all these metals have intrinsic catalytic activity in the processes of deep oxidation, the efficiency of pure foam metals is not high because of their low surface area -0.05-0.1 m 2 /g.Therefore, in order to increasing the surface area the method of applying the Al2O3 intermediate support has been worked out.The use of the intermediate support complicates somewhat the catalyst preparation process but then permits to raise the surface area up to 20-50 m 2 /g and, accordingly, the catalytic activity.On the foam support with the intermediate layer the active cover of any composition can be deposited (both oxide and Pt-or Pd-containing).Foam catalysts have been tested in the processes of hydrocarbon deep oxidation and neutralization of automotive exhaust gases.The experiments revealed that activity of the foam catalyst is higher than that of the honeycomb sa mple with the same composition of active cover.This is explained by distinctions of the foam metal structure.Cellular structure of the foam metal gives rise to high turbulency of gas flow that affords better contact of reacting gas with the catalyst surface.The activities of foam and granular catalysts are similar but mechanical and gas-dynamic properties of the block catalysts are much higher.Activity of the foam catalysts depends strongly on the cell size.This is concerned with better use of the catalyst surface in fine-cellular samples.However, the fine-cellular catalysts have worse strength and gas permeability.The foam metals of 1.5-2.2mm cell diameter are optimal for catalytic neutralizers.
Ventricular Dynamics After Surgical Closure of VSD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty patients varying in age between 5 and 20 years at the time of surgical closure of VSD were studied 2 to 9 years postoperatively. Ventricular function was studied by echocardiography and measurement of systolic time intervals for the left and right ventricles and the findings were related to clinical and haemodynamic results of operation. The VSD was closed in all instances and the haemodynamic situation was normalized in all but 2 patients who had persisting pulmonary vascular disease. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) was recorded in 11 instances and in 5 there was an associated left axis deviation (LAD), suggesting left anterior hemiblock. LAD occurred as an isolated anomaly in another 2 patients. The heart size was within normal limits in all the patients. Abnormal septal motion (ASM) was recorded in 13 of the 20 patients, but other echocardiographic analyses, such as LV end-diastolic dimension, left atrial/aortic root ratio, posterior wall velocity index and maximal endocardial velocity, were all within predicted normal limits. There was an almost uniform prolongation of both left and right pre-ejection periods. left and right ejection period as a rule remained normal and gave an increased PEP/ET ratio, indicating the presence of postoperative ventricular dysfunction also in instances with complete normalization of the haemodynamic situation. Suggested background mechanisms for these findings are the frequent occurrence of conduction defects postoperatively, the likelihood of altered ventricular compliance and possibly also as a cause of ASM postoperative presence of an opened pericardial sac.
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with extralobar pulmonary sequestration: Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from a variety of conditions. Extralobar pulmonary sequestration leads to hydrops and hypoplasia of the adjacent structures. A case of nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with extralobar pulmonary sequestration and ipsilateral pulmonary hypoplasia is presented.
Deposition of parallel arrays of palladium nanowires and electrical characterization using microelectrode contacts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work palladium nanowires have been synthesized by a template nanomanufacturing technique and their electrical properties have been studied. Freshly cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was exposed to PdCl2 solution and cyclic voltametry was used to obtain the deposition of the nanowires on the 'V' shaped grooves of HOPG. The morphology of the nanowires was analysed using an atomic force microscope (AFM) in non-contact mode and the diameter of the observed nanowires was measured to be approximately 250 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the nanowires fabricated by this procedure were parallel and continuous. The deposited nanowires were transferred on a polystyrene film. The microelectrodes required to study the electrical properties have been patterned by silver evaporation and by shadow masking using a 60 µm tungsten wire. The electrical resistance measurements have shown that the array of nanowires is conducting and has resistance of the order of kilo-ohms.
Linguistic validation of the Sex Fantasy Questionnaire into the Italian language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: The purpose of the present linguistic validation is to provide a culturally and semantically appropriate Italian version of the Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ), as well as some preliminary results about its construct validity and internal consistency. Material and methods: A linguistic validation based on a standardized procedure was performed. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the fit of the proposed model and the internal consistency of each factor was provided. Overall, 498 cisgender heterosexual participants took part in the preliminary psychometric testing of the SFQ: 322 men (M age = 32.67; S.D. = 8.93) and 166 women. (M age = 26.85; S.D. age = 8.87). Results: Results from the CFA on the updated version of the SFQ revealed an acceptable but not ideal goodness of fit. Conclusion: The Italian version of the SFQ should be used carefully. Indeed, given the short time needed for its administration, is its utilization could be helpful to develop and assess new and more valid questionnaires.