jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Meeting Regulatory Requirements of Natural Compounds in Skincare

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cosmeceuticals with bioactive natural skincare products appeal to consumers seeking reliable cures. Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics benefit from these antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging agents. The bioactive natural skincare components need clearance. One study demonstrated that bioactive natural cosmeceuticals may follow guidelines. The framework covered ingredient sourcing, formulation, safety and efficacy testing, and laws. To ensure purity, efficacy, and sustainability, the technique acquires bioactive natural components from trusted vendors with quality control. Bioactive components improve product performance and synergy during formulation. Cosmetic compositions are tested for toxicology, dermatology, and allergenicity. To increase customer trust and product credibility, preclinical and clinical studies have assessed bioactive natural component medicinal claims. The FDA and EU cosmetics regulations involve substantial documentation, GMP compliance, and tricky navigation. Safety, efficacy, and labeling regulations boost market acceptance and customer trust.
Assesing the relation of epicardial fat volume and tickness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2017 / C-2711 / Assesing the relation of epicardial fat volume and tickness by: A. Mohammadzadeh 1, V. Mohammadzadeh1, M. Matevalli1, M. Mohammadzadeh1, A. Abedini1, P. Entezari1, A. Borhani1, M. Shakiba1, S. Kadivar2; 1Tehran/IR, 2Rasht/IR
Biological control of Parthenium. I: Effect of Imperata cylindrica on distribution, germination and seedling growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural products have been the source of many pesticides, used either directly as crude preparations or as pure compounds. The present study was undertaken evaluate prospects of control of P. hysterophorus by using crude preparations of Imperata cylindrica (L). Beauv., an allelopathic grass. Ecological survey revealed that frequency and density of P. hysterophorus was significantly lower in I. cylindrica dominating localities as compared to nearby areas without I. cylindrica infestation. Aqueous extracts of I. cylindrica exhibited the potential to control germination and seedling growth of P. hysterophorus Aqueous root and shoot extracts of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/v) concentration were employed against germination and seedling growth of P. hysterophorus. Root and shoot aqueous extracts of all the applied concentrations significantly suppressed the germination of P. hysterophorus. Early seedling growth of P. hysterophorus was generally reduced significantly by extracts of 10% and of higher concentrations. Increasing the concentration of the extract increased the inhibitory potential. Shoot extract was more inhibitory than root extract.
PHO1 family members transport phosphate from infected nodule cells to bacteroids inMedicago truncatula

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Legumes play an important role in the soil nitrogen availability via symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely impacts SNF because of the high Pi requirement of symbiosis. Whereas PHT1 transporters are involved in Pi uptake into nodules, it is unknown how Pi is transferred from the plant infected cells to nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. We hypothesized that Medicago truncatula genes homologous to Arabidopsis PHO1, encoding a vascular apoplastic Pi exporter, are involved in Pi transfer to bacteroids. Among the seven MtPHO1 genes present in M. truncatula, we found that two genes, namely MtPHO1.1 and MtPHO1.2, were broadly expressed across the various nodule zones in addition to the root vascular system. Expressions of MtPHO1.1 and MtPHO1.2 in Nicotiana benthamiana mediated specific Pi export. Plants with nodule-specific downregulation of both MtPHO1.1 and MtPHO1.2 were generated by RNA interference (RNAi) to examine their roles in nodule Pi homeostasis. Nodules of RNAi plants had lower Pi content and a three-fold reduction in SNF, resulting in reduced shoot growth. Whereas the rate of 33Pi uptake into nodules of RNAi plants was similar to control, transfer of 33Pi from nodule cells into bacteroids was reduced and bacteroids activated their Pi-deficiency response. Our results implicate plant MtPHO1 genes in bacteroid Pi homeostasis and SNF via the transfer of Pi from nodule infected cells to bacteroids.
On a logic of observations in occurrence nets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By using standard algebraic techniques, we already showed that orthomodular lattices can be associated to K-dense occurrence nets and that lines and cuts have a specific algebraic counterpart in orthomodular lattices. In this contribution, we elaborate further on the previous results by showing that the orthomodular lattices associated to occurrence nets have a meaningful representation in terms of sets and set operations, that is they are concrete logics in the language of Quantum Logics.
Automatic Evaluation of Mannitol Dehydration Treatments on Controlling Intracranial Pressure Using Electrical Impedance Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracranial hypertension can potentially cause ischemia, herniation, and even death. Mannitol dehydration treatment is a common method for reducing increased intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the efficacy varies among patients and improper use of mannitol may cause severe side effects. This study aims to find ways to individually evaluate and provide guidance for mannitol dehydration treatments based on dynamic brain electrical impedance tomography (EIT). First, clustering methods were applied to analyze the relationship between EIT data and patients' different responses to mannitol. With the clustering results as well as empirical experiences, doctors could establish a rule for classifying the efficacy of mannitol dehydration treatments. Then, to rapidly categorize following EIT datasets, an automatic classifier was developed using the multiclass support vector machines (SVMs). Additionally, to enhance the accuracy of the classifier, a novel priori and principle components (PPCs) based index was introduced as the input data for training the classifier. The experimental results demonstrated that different clustering methods yielded similar results and the optimal number of clusters was three, which corresponded to three types of efficacy of mannitol. For the automatic classifier, its classification accuracy improved to 93.3% with the PPCs index. As such, it can be concluded that brain EIT promises to be an effective tool for individually evaluating the efficacy of the dehydration treatments and make guidance for rational use of mannitol.
Establishment of Plcd1 Transgenic Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In order to generate Plcd1 transgenic mice for the functional study of Plcd1gene,the 2.2kb total length of Plcd1 gene was RT-PCR amplified and cloned into T vector to construct pMD19-T-Plcd1vector at first.The target Plcd1 fragment with proper restriction endonuclease sites was obtained by PCR amplification using specially designed primers and pMD19-T-Plcd1 template.This target Plcd1 fragment and pEF6/V5-His vector were digested respectively by SpeI and BstBI in the same time,and then were connected together to construct pEF6/V5-His-Plcd1 vector.After it was verified to express in L929 cells,4.5Kb length of transgenic construction including hEF-1α promoter,Plcd1,V5,His-tag and BGH was isolated and microinjected into 681 zygotes to produce 82 offspring.Finally,13 hereditable lines were established from 15 positive transgenic founder mice.Western Blotting experiment revealed that PLCD1-HIS fusion protein was expressed in testicular tissue but not in the skin.The Plcd1 transgenic mice provide potential material for the functional study of Plcd1.
Ribozyme-Mediated Inhibition of Expression of Leukocyte-type 12-Lipoxygenase in Porcine Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Activation of a leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) has been proposed to be an important mechanism for angiotensin II– and glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Currently, no specific pharmacological inhibitors for the leukocyte-type 12-LO are available to test this hypothesis. We have therefore designed a chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme to produce cleavage at the first GUC sequence at nucleotide 7 of porcine leukocyte 12-LO mRNA. The ribozyme was tested in vitro with a 206-base 12-LO mRNA as substrate. We observed that the ribozyme specifically and dose-dependently cleaved porcine leukocyte 12-LO mRNA at the predicted site under physiological temperature. Furthermore, we also efficiently delivered the ribozyme into porcine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells by transfection with cationic liposomes. The ribozyme caused a dose-dependent decrease in levels of porcine leukocyte-type 12-LO mRNA in these cells and was more potent than an antisense oligonucleotide directed against...
A Variational Point Process Model for Social Event Sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many events occur in real-world and social networks. Events are related to the past and there are patterns in the evolution of event sequences. Understanding the patterns can help us better predict the type and arriving time of the next event. In the literature, both feature-based approaches and generative approaches are utilized to model the event sequence. Feature-based approaches extract a variety of features, and train a regression or classification model to make a prediction. Yet, their performance is dependent on the experience-based feature exaction. Generative approaches usually assume the evolution of events follow a stochastic point process (e.g., Poisson process or its complexer variants). However, the true distribution of events is never known and the performance depends on the design of stochastic process in practice. To solve the above challenges, in this paper, we present a novel probabilistic generative model for event sequences. The model is termed Variational Event Point Process (VEPP). Our model introduces variational auto-encoder to event sequence modeling that can better use the latent information and capture the distribution over inter-arrival time and types of event sequences. Experiments on real-world datasets prove effectiveness of our proposed model.
A Traceable and Anonymous Data Aggregation Scheme with Fog Computing Devices for Smart Grid

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart city is a new aim for applications used in different industrial aspects. Intelligent IoT devices are used everywhere in smart cities to implement the functions such as monitoring and managing. Smart grid is one of the critical parts. Obtaining the quantity and cost of electricity usage is the most critical task of the smart grid. But such data in plaintext may leak the user privacy. So, it is an emergent aim to protect the private information of the user. Thus, we present a secure scheme for the smart grid, which not only protects the user’s information including identity and power consumption in the communications but also tracks the correct electricity cost for each user. Also, electricity consumption data from users could be aggregated in fog devices and then analyzed by the utility provider. The formal proof shows that the message transmission reaches the security level of the chosen plaintext attack (CPA). Also, the security properties of the scheme express the robustness. Finally, the performance study demonstrates that the proposed protocol is acceptable in practice.
Mechanisms of Change: Unraveling the Roles of Modularity and Pleiotropy in Diversification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Developmental modularity has long been viewed as a hierarchical organization that facilitates evolution over macro-evolutionary time through modification or co-option of preexisting modules. More recently, developmental modularity has been proposed as a micro-evolutionary mechanism capable of driving rapid evolution of novel color pattern phenotypes between closely related taxa. In this scenario, swapping allelic variants of modular cis-regulatory elements (CREs) via recombination generates novel phenotypes by shuffling preexisting color pattern modules into new arrangements. Recent evidence from Drosophila and butterflies, however, provides a series of examples in which pleiotropic CREs function in multiple developmental contexts. The potential prevalence of pleiotropy in CRE function is a major barrier to the proposed evolutionary role of CRE modules and encourages us to reconsider the relative importance of modularity for microevolutionary change. Here we first review the case for the apparent frequent exchange of modular color pattern phenotypes as a mechanism facilitating diversification. We then contrast this with recent evidence of CRE pleiotropy and argue that exchange of CRE modules should not be the default assumption, even when phenotypes look modular. Finally, we review experimental data on Heliconius butterfly wing patterns&mdash;which appear modular&mdash;and introduce the concept of evolutionary modularity as an alternative to developmental modularity. Evolutionary modularity reconciles the appearance of modularity in comparative genomic studies of Heliconius color patterns with experimental data supporting a non-modular architecture. We propose that evolutionary modularity provides a potentially important pathway for exchange of phenotypic elements between hybridizing taxa independent of the underlying developmental architecture.
Pathways of Welfare and Population-related Policies Towards a Multidimensional Typology of Welfare State Regimes in Eastern and Western Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article starts with a critical review of Esping-Andersen's inspiring approach to distinguish between different welfare regimes. The demand firstly to expand the scope of comparative welfare research to all countries participating in the DIALOG project, and to Eastern Europe in general, and secondly the attempt to cope with important shortcomings of Esping-Andersen's theory, particularly the assumption of strong path dependency, are the main reasons to draft theoretical considerations which focus on a reconciliation of typological approaches on the one hand, and on a functionalist modernisation theory on the other. By referring to (i) Stein Rokkan's cleavage theory, (ii) Kaufmann's concept of welfare as a sys- tem of dynamic interdependencies and (iii) Cliquet's generalized Fishbein model (resource-restriction behaviour model); we specify in a first step the relevant soci- ological dimensions determining the different structures and developments of wel- fare systems. This leads to the proposal to divide a triad of trajectories (rather than regime types), which are taken as distinct solutions as to how countries can partic- ipate in the process of modernisation. Based on a broad set of variables, we try to show in the subsequent sections that the country-specific configuration of cultural and structural macro-conditions, which depend on long-term historical legacies, determine the scope of distinct policies as well as the perception and evaluation of demographic trends. It can be shown that there are strong correlations between the cultural prerequisites and the development of national welfare systems. Fur- thermore, the hypothesis according to which the Eastern European countries with a Catholic history tend to develop welfare systems in which intermediate institutions (e.g. the family) play an important role (subsidiarity, intergenerational solidarity). By contrast, more secularized Eastern European countries tend to follow rather the trajectory of an encompassing (etatist) social policy. Furthermore, poor economic
Nanoemulsion of Paraserianthes falcataria bark: a bio-anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus in Indonesian small ruminants

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Haemonchus contortus infections pose a significant challenge to ruminant livestock productivity in Indonesia, a problem compounded by the increasing resistance to chemical anthelmintics. This study focused on assessing the anthelmintic potential of a Nanoemulsion of Paraserianthes falcataria Bark (NPFB) against Haemonchus contortus . The experiment involved exposing 20 H. contortus worms in separate petri dishes (50 mm) to NPFB at concentrations of 0% (negative control), 10 %, 20 % and albendazole (2 mg/ml) serving as the positive control. The worms were incubated at 37°C and monitored for mortality at intervals of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 hours. Mortality was confirmed by physical pressure and immersion in lukewarm water for 5 minutes. The time of death for each worm was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then utilized to observe morphological changes in the worms, using an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0, with a descriptive analysis of the standard error of the mean. Qualitative analysis of the NPFB identified the presence of active compounds, including tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids. Quantitative analysis determined that NPFB contained 13.3 mg GAE/g dw of total phenols, 7.4 mg RE/g dw of flavonoids, and 9.7% total tannins. The study found that NPFB demonstrated significant anthelmintic efficacy, achieving 100% mortality of H. contortus in vitro within 4 hours, compared to the positive control, which required 2 hours. SEM analysis revealed structural damage to the buccal region and cuticle of worms exposed to NPFB. The findings suggest that NPFB is a potent anthelmintic agent against H. contortus and could be a viable alternative to chemical treatments, addressing the growing issue of drug resistance.
Trading Off Quality and Uncertainty Through Multi-Objective Optimisation in Batch Bayesian Optimisation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Batch Bayesian Optimisation (BBO) has emerged as a potent approach for optimising expensive black-box functions. Central to BBO is the issue of selecting a number of solutions at the same time through a batch method, in the hope for them to represent good, yet different, trade-offs between exploitation and exploration. To address this issue, one of the recent advancements has leveraged multi-objective optimisation to simultaneously consider several acquisition functions (e.g., PI, EI, and LCB), allowing them to complement each other. However, acquisition functions may behave similarly (since they all aim for a good balance between exploitation and exploration), restricting the search on different promising areas. In this paper, we attempt to address the above issue. We directly treat exploitation (reflected by quality, i.e., the posterior mean) and exploration (reflected by uncertainty) as two objectives. When selecting trade-off solutions between the two objectives, we consider a dynamically updated Pareto front where the uncertainty changes once a solution is selected, thereby allowing exploration on different promising areas. Through an extensive experiment study, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-arts in the area.
Effect of Cold Pretreatment, Anthers Orientation, Spikelet Position and Donor Tiller on the Callusing Response in Barley Anther In vitro Culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The anthers in vitro culture is a useful technique for plant improvement as to create new varieties. However, the success of this technique is limited by several factors. This study was carried out to identify factors as the influence of spikelet position in the spike, position of donor tiller on plate tillering and anther orientation onto the medium as well as cold pretreatment and the genotype that affect the callusing induction in anthers in vitro culture of three cultivars of Moroccan barley (Arig 8, Asni and Tamelalt). Among genotypes, the callusing response was significantly higher in Asni (21.42%). The callusing response was significantly decreased when spikes stemmed from tillers far from the main tiller on the same tillering plate. However, anthers coming from the spikelets of the middle part of the spike showed the highest callusing response (29.85%) compared with the basal (14.83%) and the upper (6.72%) parts. It was also shown that anther cold pretreatment at 4°C for 14 days had a beneficial effect only on the callusing response but it decreased the regeneration of green plants, due to the interaction between cold pretreatment and genotypes to which spring barley is recalcitrant and more predisposed to albinism, especially six-row type (Arig 8). Moreover, anther orientation onto the surface medium had a marked effect on callusing response, anthers placed in upper orientation developed more calli (60.22%) than those in flat position (18.99%). Our findings suggest that the studied factors control the callusing response. Especially, the Anthers orientation that must be taken into account during androgenesis through anthers in vitro culture.
Small-angle neutron scattering study of block copolymer morphology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-angle neutron scattering study of block copolymer morphologyRandal W. Richards and J. L. ThomasonCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 6, 982–992Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00240a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00240a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase of Kerr-based few-cycle parametric amplification

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Kerr instability amplification can amplify over an octave of spectrum, a broad bandwdith supporting few-cycle pulses. However, dispersion management in this regime is crucial to maintain the ultrashort pulse duration. In our simulations, we find that the dispersion of Kerr instability amplification is near zero at the pump wavelength, and can be compensated pre-amplification to generate near-transform-limited amplified few-cycle pulses. We also find the phase of the amplified pulse depends on the seed phase and is independent of the pump, and does not significantly depend on the pump intensity. We discuss chirping the seed pulse to avoid saturation, a route for generating sub-mJ few-cycle pulses from the Kerr nonlinearity.