jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The perceptions of Chinese privilege and meritocracy in Singaporean Chinese : re-examining the myth of meritocracy and the hidden discourse about racial barriers and privileges in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to delve deeper into the recent conversations that put the issue of ‘Chinese privilege’ at the forefront of the racial discourse in Singapore. By utilizing class-based concepts, this paper is able to show the intrinsic relationships between the emergence of the ‘Chinese Elites’ in Singapore, as well as to the hidden discourse about how racial privileges reproduce itself through the ideology of meritocracy purported by the dominant ‘Sino-centric’ political party, the People’s Action Party (PAP). How do people at different spectrum of the ‘privileged’ group react to and perceive such privileges? Through a thorough investigation by documenting verbal accounts of socialized ethnic Chinese Singaporeans, this research seeks to unveil the beginnings, and the perpetuation of the ‘Chinese privilege’ phenomenon in Singapore.
Mitigating exponential concentration in covariant quantum kernels for subspace and real-world data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fidelity quantum kernels have shown promise in classification tasks, particularly when a group structure in the data can be identified and exploited through a covariant feature map. In fact, there exist classification problems on which covariant kernels provide a provable advantage, thus establishing a separation between quantum and classical learners. However, their practical application poses two challenges: on one side, the group structure may be unknown and approximate in real-world data, and on the other side, scaling to the `utility' regime (above 100 qubits) is affected by exponential concentration. In this work, we address said challenges by applying fidelity kernels to real-world data with unknown structure, related to the scheduling of a fleet of electric vehicles, and to synthetic data generated from the union of subspaces, which is then close to many relevant real-world datasets. Furthermore, we propose a novel error mitigation strategy specifically tailored for fidelity kernels, called Bit Flip Tolerance (BFT), to alleviate the exponential concentration in our utility-scale experiments. Our multiclass classification reaches accuracies comparable to classical SVCs up to 156 qubits, thus constituting the largest experimental demonstration of quantum machine learning on IBM devices to date. For the real-world data experiments, the effect of the proposed BFT becomes manifest on 40+ qubits, where mitigated accuracies reach 80%, in line with classical, compared to 33% without BFT. Through the union-of-subspace synthetic dataset with 156 qubits, we demonstrate a mitigated accuracy of 80%, compared to 83% of classical models, and 37% of unmitigated quantum, using a test set of limited size.
Reactor safety study methodology applications program: Oconee results

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To determine the public risk due to light water reactors, the Reactor Safety Study (RSS) developed a methodology for evaluating nuclear reactor safety. The Reactor Safety Study Methodology Applications Program was divided into two principal tasks: systems analysis of engineered systems, and analysis of the accident processes. The study includes risk assessments of one boiling water reactor and three pressurized water reactor power plants. The plants, selected by the NRC, differ from the two plants studied in the RSS and are representative of current technology. Results for the second plant selected, the Oconee No. 3 PWR, are presented.
Pd@Al2O3‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Allylbenzene to Propylbenzene in Methanol and Aqueous Micellar Solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The palladium on alumina (Pd@Al 2 O 3 )‐catalyzed hydrogenation of allylbenzene to propylbenzene was studied in methanol and aqueous micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and t ‐octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (TX‐100). Over Pd@Al 2 O 3 , propylbenzene was obtained via direct hydrogenation of allylbenzene and isomerization to β ‐methylstyrene which was hydrogenated afterwards. In aqueous micellar solutions, the reaction was faster than in pure water, but slower than in methanol due to lower hydrogen solubility. In the H 2 O/SDS system, a higher activation energy was obtained than in methanol. For the investigated surfactants, the initial reaction rate in the micellar systems decreased in the order SDS > TX‐100 > DTAB.
Biosynthetic Pathways and Engineering for Bioactive Natural Products

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Natural products synthesized by polyketide synthase (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and the hybrid PKS-NRPS have been valuable sources for bioactive compounds due to their structural diversity and wide variety of biological activities. Progresses in the biosynthetic study of natural products in recent years reinvigorate the hope of discovering new compounds for clinical use. This review focuses on the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of PKS and NRPS, the more "abnormal" biosynthetic reactions, the manipulation of gene cluster to increase product yields, as well as the catalytic applications of the enzymes originated from secondary metabolism. Genome mining or key regulatory gene activation to obtain "silent" gene cluster and the progresses on using sequencing data to predict the generation of natural products are also summarized. Keywords: Natural product, bioactive compound, PKS, NRPS, gene cluster, biosynthetic pathway, secondary metabolism
Drug resistance in vitro: interactions between X-irradiation, etoposide and vincristine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| June 01 1986 Drug resistance in vitro: interactions between X-irradiation, etoposide and vincristine RICHARD B. LOCK; RICHARD B. LOCK 1Laboratory of Cellular Chemotherapy, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BRIDGET T. HILL BRIDGET T. HILL 1Laboratory of Cellular Chemotherapy, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (3): 618–619. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140618 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation RICHARD B. LOCK, BRIDGET T. HILL; Drug resistance in vitro: interactions between X-irradiation, etoposide and vincristine. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1986; 14 (3): 618–619. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140618 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: IC50, drug concentration required to reduce cell survival to 50% of the control This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Screening of QTc interval and global autonomic activity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis hypertensive patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenesis of hypertension in ADPKD and ARAS patients is related to the activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). In ADPKD, cyst enlargement leads to kidney ischemia and renin release, associated to endothelial dysfunction, low nitric oxide and sympathetic tone activation. Differently, reduction in renal perfusion pressure activates RAAS and renal adrenergic nerves in ARAS patients. We can speculate that prolonged QTc interval is more present in ARAS vs. ADPKD hypertensive patients due to a greater activation of RAAS. We suggest adding 24-hour HRV evaluation in association with traditional risk factors in course of ADPKD and ARAS hypertension to better stratify cardiovascular risk in these groups of patients.
Infective endocarditis by Klebsiella species: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to systematically analyze all cases of infective endocarditis (IE) by Klebsiella species in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane library (through 27th January 2021) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of IE by Klebsiella species was performed. In this review, a total of 66 studies were included, providing data for 67 patients. A prosthetic valve was present in 16.4%, while the most common causative pathogen was K. pneumoniae followed by K. oxytoca. The aortic valve was the most commonly infected intracardiac site, followed by the mitral valve. The diagnosis was based on transthoracic echocardiography in 46.2%, while the diagnosis was set at autopsy in 9.2% of included patients. Blood cultures were positive in 93.8%. Fever and sepsis were the most frequent clinical presentations, followed by embolic phenomena, paravalvular abscess, and heart failure. Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems were the most frequently used antimicrobials. Surgical treatment along with antimicrobials was performed in 37.3% of included patients. Clinical cure was noted in 80.3%, while the overall mortality was 19.4%. Infection at the aortic valve was independently associated with mortality by IE. This systematic review gives a comprehensive description of IE by Klebsiella and provides information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies and their outcomes.
Episode 15 NO TRESPASSING!: Boundaries

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In Episode 15, Coach Renée talks about the necessity of setting and communicating healthy boundaries. If you need to stop people from exhausting, taking advantage of, and undervaluing you...Listen in and become empowered to live a healthier life.FOLLOW‼‼‼FaceBook & Instagram @iamreneerobertsBOOK SESSIONS @ www.iamreneeroberts.com
Precise regional baseline estimation using a priori orbital information

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A solution using GPS measurements acquired during the CASA UNO campaign has resulted in 3–4 mm horizontal daily baseline repeatability and 13 mm vertical repeatability for a 729 km baseline, located in North America. The agreement with VLBI is at the level of 10–20 mm for all components. The results were obtained with the GIPSY orbit determination and baseline estimation software and are based on five single‐day data arcs spanning the 20, 21, 25, 26, and 27 of January, 1988. The estimation strategy included resolving the carrier phase integer ambiguities (bias fixing), utilizing an optimal set of fixed reference stations (fiducials), and constraining GPS orbit parameters by applying a priori information (derived from initial multi‐day trajectory fits to broadcast ephemeris data). A multi‐day (January 20–27) GPS orbit and baseline solution has yielded similar 2–4 mm horizontal daily repeatabilities for the same baseline, consistent with the constrained single‐day arc solutions. The application of weak constraints to the orbital state for single‐day data arcs produces solutions which approach the precise orbits obtained with unconstrained multi‐day arc solutions. This work suggests that the general availability of nominal ephemerides based on many days of global tracking data would be very valuable and practical for regional geodesy, allowing for high precision with single‐day network solutions when combined with a continental scale fiducial network.
Immunopathology of human schistosomiasis mansoni: II. NK activity and stimulation by specific antigen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixteen S. mansoni infected and untreated patients (5 with recent infection and 11 with chronic disease) were evaluated for their in vitro natural killer (NK) activity against the NK sensitive target K562 cell line. NK levels in 9 out of 11 patients (82%) with chronic disease were significantly lower (mean = 15 ± 6%),compared with patients recently infected (mean = 41 ± 9% p < 0.001) and with the control group (mean = 38 ± 13% p < 0.001). However, both patients and controls NK activity was stimulated by soluble adult worm antigens (SAWA), indicating that NK function even in the chronic stage of the infection is able to respond to the parasite antigens. These results suggest the possibility of NK cell participation as effector mechanism against S. mansoni.
Updating interleukin‐6 classic‐ and trans‐signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The cytokine interleukin‐6 has been identified and cloned among others as B‐cell stimulatory factor, hepatocyte stimulating factor, plasmacytoma growth factor, and interferon beta‐2. Consequently, it emerged, that IL‐6 controls a huge variety of cellular functions, among them induction of the acute phase response in the liver, mediation of inflammation and malignant transformation. In this review, we summarize the so called classical IL‐6 signaling, which is mediated by the complex of IL‐6, the membrane bound IL‐6R and two gp130 molecules, and an alternative pathway called trans‐signaling, which apparently contributes to the development of chronic inflammation and cancer. During trans‐signaling an agonistic soluble IL‐6R is generated, which sensitizes cells lacking the membrane bound IL‐6R. Finally, we discuss specific inhibition of IL‐6‐trans‐signaling processes by a naturally occurring soluble form of gp130, demonstrating that this protein may emerge as an important future therapeutic in clinical applications for chronic inflammation.
From border South to solid South: Religion, race, and the making of Confederate Kentucky, 1830--1880

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation demonstrates the central role of proslavery theology in the politics and collective identity of white American southerners---not just before, but also during and after the Civil War. It examines, more generally, the way that nineteenth-century Americans used evangelical religion to legitimate, defend, and debate political and social arrangements. Through an analysis of sermons, evangelical newspapers, and ministers' correspondence in Kentucky, this study contends that proslavery theological arguments formulated before the war were recast in the post-slavery era as justifications for Jim Crow and as sources of neo-Confederate identity.\nRecent studies of the interface between religion, politics, and culture in the postbellum South acknowledge that proslavery ideology continued to exert enormous influence on the shaping of the late nineteenth-century South's segregationist order. Yet most histories, by positing the Civil War as a period divide, overlook important continuities that spanned the era. If historians are aware that proslavery ideology remained vital after the Civil War, scholars have yet to explain precisely how that thought evolved and survived, especially after the death of legal slavery. The key to the persistence of proslavery ideology, this project argues, lies in the persistent power of proslavery theology.\nKentucky, the geographic focus of this dissertation, offers an ideal opportunity to explore the long life of proslavery religious thought. As a border slave state, it remained with the Union during the Civil War. However, after the Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery in 1865---eight months after Confederate surrender---white Kentuckians embraced a decidedly pro-Confederate stance. White religious understandings of slavery and racial difference were key to the forging of Confederate identity in the postbellum Bluegrass State. Kentucky's postbellum white population, led by clergy and laity who rejected civil rights for African Americans, came to a broad embrace of Confederate ideas and paved the way for the emergence of a dominant white Democratic political bloc in the state.
There Is No Increase in Perioperative Mortality After Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Octogenarians: Results From the Swedish National Registry for Tumors in the Pancreatic and Periampullary Region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this observational study was to compare postoperative mortality and complications between octogenarians and younger patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Summary Background Data: With the growing elderly population and improved operative and postoperative results, PD is performed more frequently in octogenarians. Despite recent studies, it is uncertain whether elderly patients experience worse postoperative outcomes than younger patients. Methods: All patients registered in the Swedish National Registry for tumors in the pancreatic and periampullary region from 2010 to 2018 who underwent PD were included in the analysis. Results: Out of 13,936 patients included in the registry, 2793 patients underwent PD and were divided into the following age groups: <70 (n = 1508), 70–79 (n = 1137), and ≥80 (n = 148) years old. There was no significant difference in in-hospital, 30- or 90-day mortality among groups. The 2 older groups had a higher rate of medical and some surgical complications but not a significantly higher rate of complications ≥IIIa according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system. The 2 older groups had lower body mass index, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores, lower smoking rates, and a higher rate of preoperative biliary drainage than the <70-year-old group (all P < 0.001). The operation time was shorter in the oldest group. Conclusions: Despite the worse preoperative condition of octogenarians than younger patients, short-term mortality and serious complications were not increased. The shorter operation time, however, may indicate that patients in the oldest group were more strictly selected. With careful preoperative consideration, especially regarding cardiovascular morbidity, more octogenarians can potentially be safely offered PD.
Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality after acute myocardial infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 vaccines are highly immunogenic but cardiovascular effects of these vaccines have not been properly elucidated.To determine impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).This was a single center retrospective observation study among patients with AMI enrolled in the the North India ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NORIN-STEMI) registry. In all the enrolled patients, data regarding patient's vaccination status including details on type of vaccine, date of vaccination and adverse effects were obtained. All enrolled subjects were followed up for a period of six months. The primary outcome of the study was all-cause mortality both at one month and at six months of follow-up. Propensity-weighted score logistic regression model using inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to determine the impact of vaccination status on all-cause mortality.A total of 1578 subjects were enrolled in the study of whom 1086(68.8%) were vaccinated against COVID-19 while 492(31.2%) were unvaccinated. Analysis of the temporal trends of occurrence of AMI post vaccination did not show a specific clustering of AMI at any particular time. On 30-day follow-up, all-cause mortality occurred in 201(12.7%) patients with adjusted odds of mortality being significantly lower in vaccinated group (adjusted odds ratio[aOR]: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47-0.71). Similarly, at six months of follow-up, vaccinated AMI group had lower odds of mortality(aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.65) as compared to non-vaccinated group.COVID-19 vaccines have shown to decrease all-cause mortality at 30 days and six months following AMI.
Copeptin in Severe Mitral Regurgitation Caused by Degenerative Mitral Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Copeptin is known to be increased in cardiac heart failure. The role of copeptin in patients with severe mitral regurgitation has not been assessed in patients with preserved ejection fraction. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of severe mitral regurgitation caused by degenerative mitral disease in copeptin release. \nPatients and Methods: 39 patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR group) and 30 control subjects (control group) were included in the study. The clinical and echocardiographic findings were recorded. Blood samples were obtained in 15 min before echocardiographic examination for determination of plasma copeptin. Global left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential strains were evaluated by applying 2D speckle-tracking imaging. \nResults: There was no statistical difference among copeptin levels of all groups (median values are for DMR:10.7 (9.0-17.1); control group:13.2 (10.6-20.7; p= 0.42). GCSTR and GLSTR were significantly lower in the DMR group (-19.2 ± 5.5 vs. -23.8 ± 5.3; p= 0.002 and -17.1 ± 4.3 vs. -19.9 ± 2.4 p= 0.002 respectively). LAV (83.7 ± 38.8 vs. 34.1 ± 7.5 p= 0.0001), E/e’ (9.6 ± 4.0 vs. 6.0 ± 1.4; p= 0.0001), and E/A (1.79 ± 0.5 vs. 0.9 ± 0.24 p= 0.0001) ratios were significantly higher in the DMR group. \nConclusion: Our study demonstrated that there is no significant change in serum copeptin concentrations in severe mitral regurgitation due to degenerative mitral disease. This can be attached to the filling changes of left atrium, atrial stretch receptors, and increased stroke volume.
Comparative studies on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alkaline phosphatase amplification (AMP) horseradish peroxidase (HRP), penicillinase (PNC) and avidin biotin penicillinase amplification ELISA in detection of maize streak virus (MSV) in maize plants and Cicadulina mbila (leafhoppers) insect vector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Comparative study of dilution end point on various detecting enzymes in ELISA techniques to determine sensitivity level for detection of Maize Steak Virus (MSV), both in the maize plant and the insect vector Cicadulina mbila (leafhopper), was carried out using Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Alkaline phosphatase amplification (AMP) and Penicillinase (PNC) and Avidin- Biotin Penicillinase amplification based ELISA. Assays with the PNC-based ELISA were as sensitive as analogous assays performed with ALP and HRP for the virus in infected maize plant. The HRP and the Penicillinase- based ELISA were able to detect virus in three and crushed leafhoppers respectively. Only the Avidin- Biotin Penicillinase amplification technique was able to detect viruses in one single leafhopper. As expected, the ALP and the alkaline phosphatase enzymatic amplification systems were not useful in virus detection in the insect vector due to the high background of the healthy leafhoppers. This could be due to insects containing their own phosphatase stem. The protein A coat Penicillinase technique was not useful due to non specific reaction.

Key words: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, maize streak virus, Cicadulina mbila, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase amplification, horseradish peroxidase, penicillinase based ELISA.