jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of a system for building a cloud-based digital twin as an informational assistance system for context-based dynamic configuration of cyber-physical hybrid production systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to constantly changing conditions, demand, and technologies, companies increasingly seek flexibility. Productivity results from automation, improved working conditions and the focus of people in production in interaction with machines. Unfortunately, the human factor is often not considered to increase flexibility and productivity with new concepts. This work aims to develop a hybrid assistance system that allows a dynamic configuration of cyber-physical production systems considering the current order situation and available resources utilizing simulation. The system also considers human factors in addition to economic factors, which contributes to the extended economic appraisal.
Influence of P/T conditions on the style of normal fault initiation and grouth in limestones from the SE-Basin, France

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A conventional and cathodoluminescence microscopy, stable isotope, and fluid inclusion study was undertaken on normal fault zonesexposed on vertical cliffs in Tithonian limestones of the French SE-Basin. The aim was to determine the chronology of deformation, and factors controlling normal fault nucleation and evolution in carbonate rocks. Two models are proposed for fault zone development depending on the depths at which deformation takes place. At depths of 3–3.5 km, incipient shear zones consist of en-e ́chelon veins, filled by fibrous calcite and confined to limestone layers bounded by thin clayey interlayers. As deformation increases and the layers rotate, slip occurs along the clay-rich interlayers. A system of pull-aparts forms allowing displacement to increase. Pull-aparts are commonly filled by fibrous calcite crystals. At depths of 1.5–2 km, faults initiate as small slip surfaces, early nucleating in some limestone layers. Their propagation is impeded by thin clayey interlayers, which enhances fracturing and bending of the limestone layers. As slip surfaces propagate, they overlap and can connect with one another by means of dilational jogs that are filled by large euhedral calcite crystals. In the first case, pull-aparts are coupled with the solution seams that reuse preexisting, rotated clay-rich interlayers. As they formed, they progressively filled and the fluid circulation remained local. In the second case, longer slip planes connect by dilation jogs, that are not immediately filled, which enhance the circulation of fluids, which show chemical variations. It appears that P/T conditions strongly control the relative role of brittle processes and solution/crystallization mechanisms, and the style of the early stages of normal faulting in the same limestone rocks. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Pedagogical Value of “Obvious” Questions in Introductory Physics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Each time students engage in a classroom activity, they make tacit interpretations (about the nature of those activities) that influence how they reason and ultimately what they learn. For example, a student answering a physics question on a worksheet might draw on her everyday thinking to help make sense of the physics, or she might not even consider everyday thinking if its usefulness was not readily apparent. For many physics instructors, the reconciliation of everyday thinking and formal physics knowledge is part of what it means to fully understand physics.1 Despite this, many students do not see reconciling these two things as what they are supposed to do in the classroom. Often we see students whose interpretation of physics class causes them to “turn off” their everyday thinking. In this article, we argue for the importance of attending closely to whether students are reconciling their everyday and formal physics thinking and introduce “obvious” questions as a tool that can help instructors assess whether such reconciliation is taking place.
Human Taste and Cognition in Tzeltal Maya Medicinal Plant Use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Results of recent research strongly suggest that people find beneficial phytochemicals by selecting plants to use as medicinals and that taste plays a major role in this process. The research reported here involved an experiment performed with Highland Tzeltal Maya of Chiapas, Mexico to determine if bitterness served as a chemical cue for plants appropriate for treating gastrointestinal versus respiratory illnesses. Eight Tzeltal men and two women were asked to taste common medicinal preparations, describe the taste, and provide the name and medicinal use of the source plant. They were also shown dried specimens of the same plants and asked for taste, name, and use. Consensus analysis showed that participants had a good knowledge of medicinal plants and agreed about their use, but could not predict the use of individual plants based on taste alone. Bitterness was not correlated with any particular class of illnesses; probably because there is not enough resolution in human taste to deal with the diversity of chemicals that taste bitter but produce different physiological effects. The role of taste is more likely mnemonic than chemical-ecological, and functions in combination with other plant attributes and illness experiences to facilitate human cognition and communication. Results of this study suggest that prototype theory, in which a few plants serve as best examples of a subset of plants used to treat a group of illnesses, may provide a theoretical perspective for understanding how people reduce informational complexity and reconcile the very different domains of plant classification, epidemiological context, and illness experience.
Automated Ration Distribution:Addressing Challenges in Food Distribution System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

India's Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government policy that distributes commodities to needy people at fixed rates. However, manual intervention in weighing materials leads to inaccurate measurements and illegal use of consumer materials. At present, we have a system where the products are manually forwarded to the consumer by scanning their ration card and by verifying their fingerprint. But this was not enough for the corruption to stop. So, a system has been proposed where there will be a two-step verification as usual. But, when the step to handle the commodity comes, we use automation instead of manual labor. Consumers are provided with an RFID card that acts as a ration card with a unique identification number. The RFID card is scanned by an RFID reader interfaced with a microcontroller at a ration shop. The system then asks for the customer’s fingerprint, and it identifies whether the fingerprint matches the card. If both matches then the system automatically activates after verifying the consumer's allotted amount of rice, wheat, and sugar. The consumer receives the products when they provide their bowl or cover at the bottom of the container. The motor at the entry point rotates, such that the selected item falls into the main outlet, and the consumer gets the material by weighing it on the load cell. A confirmation message is sent to the consumer's mobile number upon successful completion of the purchase. It is much more efficient than the manual system as it reduces labor costs and also stops the way to smuggle goods.
Symptom Prevalence of ADHD and ODD in a Pediatric Population in Argentina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess the prevalence of DSM III-R symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in an outpatient pediatric population; to compare oppositional behavior and grade retention rates; and to establish local means and standard deviations ( SD) for the ADHD rating scale. Method: 300 children (149m, 151f; 6 to12 yrs) were evaluated for ADHD and ODD symptoms with the DuPaul and an author-designed rating scale, respectively. Scores 1.5 SD above the mean were considered positive for each disorder. Results: A total of 27 subjects (13m, 14f), 9%, had positive scores consistent with ADHD. These children had an oppositional behavior rate of 33.3% and a grade retention rate of 30.7%. Those who did not have positive scores for ADHD had a rate of 5.5% and 7.3%, respectively. The mean scores for the boys on the ADHD rating scale was 17.1 ( SD = 8.6); the girls had a mean of 14.7 ( SD = 7.3). Conclusion: The prevalence rates in our study are similar to those found in other countries ( J. of Att. Dis. 2007; Vol 11(3) 363-367)
[Curietherapy of the eustachian tube with Ir-192].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An essential success factor for tympanoplasties is effective aeration of middle ear, lack of tubular permeability being a factor for failure. The anti-inflammatory effect of curietherapy with Iridium 192 introduced into the tube during middle ear surgery was studied in 38 patients. Tubular dysfunction was evaluated by clinical and manometric examinations. During operation, a sealed plastic tube 1.6 mm in diameter was introduced into the Eustachian tube, an Iridium wire inserted on the following day, and a dose of 1.5 and 3 Gy applied to two groups respectively. Tubular function was assessed as normal or almost normal in 61% of cases. Results were compared with a group of 30 patients not receiving curietherapy.
Effects of the matrix and intramolecular interactions on the stability of the higher-energy conformers of 2-fluorobenzoic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) calculations on 2-fluorobenzoic acid (2FBA) show that the molecule has four conformers: two low energy conformers (forms I and II) with the carboxylic acid group assuming the cis configuration (O=C—O—H dihedral equal to 0°) and two higher-energy conformers (III, IV) with a trans carboxylic group configuration. Isolation of 2FBA monomers in argon or nitrogen matrices allows for the efficient trapping of both low-energy conformers. Narrowband selective near-IR (NIR) excitation of the 2νOH mode of I in both argon and N2 matrices leads to its efficient conversion into conformer III, which is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H···F interaction. On the other hand, upon identical selective vibrational excitation of II no changes could be noticed in the argon matrix spectra, while experiments carried out on N2 matrices showed conversion of II into III. In conformer IV (the expected direct product resulting from NIR excitation of II), the stabilizing O—H···F interaction existing in III is replaced by an O—H···H repulsive interaction, which leads to a barrier separating this form from II that is about one third of that separating III from I. Under these circumstances, once formed by vibrational excitation of II, conformer IV can easily convert to the reactant species by fast tunneling, justifying the apparent inefficiency of the II → IV conversion upon vibrational excitation of II in an argon matrix. On the other hand, the stabilization of the initially formed conformer IV by the N2 matrix (due to OH···N2 interactions) allows this species to survive long enough to allow the IV → III over-the-barrier conversion to be competitive with the IV → II tunneling, justifying the observed net conversion of the NIR excited conformer II into form III in N2 matrix. These results demonstrate as the intramolecular local topology may decisively influence the intrinsic kinetic stability of different conformers of the same molecule. They are also a clear additional evidence of the stabilization of higher-energy trans conformers of carboxylic acids by the N2 matrix medium that has been found before for other molecules of the same family.
Spectroscopic Study of Ni(II)-4, 4’, 4’’, 4’ ’’ – Tetrasulfophthalocyanine In Aqueous Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It was determined spectrally that a monomer-dimer equilibrium exists in aqueous solutions of Ni-TSPC4- over a concentration range of 5 x 10-8 – 10-4 M. Equilibrium measurements were made under natural ionic strength conditions at 29°, 39° and 49°C. The values obtained for the equilibrium constants at 29°, 39° and 49°C were 2.4 x 108, 6.6 x 107 and 2.9 x 107 M-1, respectively. These results indicated that the equilibrium strongly favors dimer formation. This study also showed that nickel is second to copper in enhancing the dimerization of metallotetrasulfophthalocyanine complexes. However, metals in general inhibit dimer formation relative to the free ligand. The dimerization reaction of Ni-TSPC4- is exothermic with thermodynamic parameters of ΔG° = -11.6 kcal/mole, ΔH = -20.9 kcal/mole, and ΔS = -31 e.u. The dimerization process is thus favored from an energetic point of view despite the unfacorable entropy change.\nSpectral measurements made on Ni-TSPC4- in aqueous pyridine solutions in the concentration range of .05 - 6.0% pyridine (by volume) indicated a dipyridinated dimer complex of Ni-TSPC4- was formed. Using a modified version of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation, the following equilibrium was proposed : D + 2Py = D(Py)2. The overall equilibrium constants for this system at 15°, 21°, 30° and 40°C were 1.7, 1.9, 2.8, 3.6 and 4.4 M-2, respectively. The equilibrium reaction is endothermic with thermodynamic parameters of: ΔG=6.2 kcal/mole, ΔH =6.9 kcal/mole, and ΔS=25 e.u. Thus, the equilibrium reaction was favored thermodynamically due to the favorable entropy change associated with the process.\nLigand studies indicated that only pyridine and polupyridine ligands bind to Ni-TSPC4- and cause a spectral change. This study also showed that Ni-TSPC4- cannot be used as an oxygen carrier in biological systems.
Applications of capillary electrophoresis to nephrology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Capillary electrophoresis has recently emerged as a powerful technique for separating components in biological samples. A family of separation methods capable of handling a diverse range of samples has been developed, the sample volumes required are very small and a wide range of specialised detectors can be employed. This review examines some methods with particular application to the analysis of urine and tubular fluid samples and references relevant applications.
Development of a humanoid robot for robocup

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this report, the development process of a humanoid robot is illustrated. The humanoid robot is designed to compete in Robocup Soccer, humanoid category. To develop the robot, information pertaining to the restrictions has to be obtained. The development of a robot require cross disciplines knowledge ranging from mechanics to electrical engineering. Therefore, much have to be learned even before starting to design the robot. The design will be done on CAD software to reduce modification time and for better fit and assembly. The drawings sent for fabrication and the finish parts were assembled together with the rest of the components like cameras, processor, servo motors, etc. After the assembly, the system was tested and the problems rectified.
The Response of Vegetative Growth to Soil Water Condition in Native Soybean Cultivar ‘Misato-zairai’

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

三重県在来のダイズ品種である「美里在来」は，成育中に地上部がしばしば過繁茂して子実生産に悪影響を及ぼす．本品種の栄養成長が旺盛な原因を明らかにするため，成育初期に湿潤土壌条件（湿潤区）と乾燥土壌条件（乾燥区）に2週間晒す土壌水分処理を3ヵ年行い，開花前の草丈，乾物重および葉面積の変化をフクユタカと比較した．土壌水分処理2週間後の美里在来の茎長は両処理区でフクユタカよりも長く，乾燥土壌条件下では短かった美里在来の小葉身長も湿潤土壌条件下ではフクユタカと同等に長くなり，結果として湿潤区の美里在来の草丈はフクユタカよりも長くなった．葉面積は，乾燥土壌条件下では両品種ともに同等であったが，湿潤土壌条件下では主茎節数と平均比葉面積の増加によって美里在来がフクユタカに比較して大きくなった．土壌水分処理2週間後の全乾物重と土壌水分処理期間中の個体成長速度，相対成長率および純同化率に有意な品種間差はみられなかったが，湿潤区の美里在来の土壌処理2週間後のSPADはフクユタカに比較して低く，湿潤土壌条件下では葉肉組織の光合成能力がフクユタカに比較して劣ることが示唆された．
Drivers of Value for Money in Public Infrastructure Procurement in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Despite efforts to improve public procurement policies and guidelines in Nigeria, infrastructure delivery experiences several challenges that have hampered economic development, resulting in public infrastructure deficiency of value for money. Identifying drivers of value for money in public infrastructure procurement in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, is the aim of this study. The mixedmethod research design was adopted for this study. Purposeful and snowball sampling techniques were utilized to determine the study respondents. Data collection was implemented using a survey questionnaire. From the systemic literature review, 14 drivers were identified. The dependability of the research instrument was conducted using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. The data obtained from this study was subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The study findings identified public sector technical innovation and transfer, products and services meeting users' demand, efficient risk allocation, low project life cycle cost, and complementary advantages of public-private partnership as the most significant drivers of value for money in public infrastructure procurement. This study justifies an evident need to highlight and incorporate value-for-money drivers toward efficient and sustainable public infrastructure delivery.
Courts as Consiglieri: Advisory Opinions in a Comparative Constitutional Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Courts in many jurisdictions contribute to the process of constitutional law-making, not just by exercising adjudicative powers, but also as advisers. This judicial advice-giving remains controversial. Much of the debate focuses on 'advisory opinions' as a doctrinal concept, ignoring the rich variety of judicial advice, and the many different contextual and institutional settings settings in which it takes place. This article advances a functional approach to judicial advice-giving, understanding it to be a communicative act by which courts contribute to the process of law-making on the basis of persuasion and judicial authority. This approach allows a more broad analysis of advisory opinions, focusing on function, type of advice, and institutional modes of advice-giving. By connecting function to form and content, this article attempts to move beyond the binary question whether or not advisory opinions can be squared with the judicial function in a liberal democracy.
An Analysis Technique for Detecting Temporal Edge Noise

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Presents an objective analysis technique that can be used for detecting temporal edge noise in an output video sequence that has been digitally compressed. Temporal edge noise is defined in ANSI T1.801.02-1996 as A form of edge busyness characterized by time-varying sharpness to edges of objects. The technique uses the Fourier transform to perform a comparative analysis of the frequencies present in the time history of the spatial information (SI) features measured from the input and output video (SI features are defined in ANSI T1.801.03-1996). The presence of temporal edge noise in the output video is shown to result in high frequency information being added to the time history of the SI feature.
Editors’ page

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[full text of Editorial]This issue of the Journal, devoted largely to a single topic, is an attempt by the Journal to evolve its policies to meet the needs of our readers. Kawasaki disease is conceived to be neglected, in spite of its global burden. The disease has been compared to the equally neglected, but commoner, rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which was recently the focus of a dedicated meeting in Cairo, entitled ‘‘Rheumatic Heart Disease - from Molecules to the Community’’, and resulted in some specific recommendations known as ‘‘the Cairo Accord’’. It is hoped that the current issue, edited by two experts in Kawasaki disease, will stimulate the evolution of concerted efforts to understand and possibly eradicate this important disease. We welcome the views of our readers both in terms of the concept of special issues, as well as topics for future such issues.
The Dependence of Thiol-Inducible Radiation Resistance in Escherichia coli K12 on the Medium and Catalytic Metal

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Radiation protection by thiols in procaryotes and lower eucaryotes has been demonstrated repeatedly to require a competent DNA repair phenotype, suggesting that simple chemical radical scavenging and hydrogen donation are only a portion of the mechanism of radiation protection by thiols. In the present report, thiol-induced radiation resistance--a model in which cells are pretreated with dithiothreitol and then irradiated in the absence of thiol--is shown to be a medium-dependent process. Wild-type log-phase cells treated with dithiothreitol in minimal-glucose medium are induced to radioresistance that persists after the thiol has been removed. Although the thiol pretreatment affected the antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) in cells at the time of irradiation, various antioxidant levels did not predict radiation resistance. Thiol-induced radioresistance is not expressed in rich medium-treated cells or in DNA repair (recA)-deficient cells. Addition of the efficient chelator, DETAPAC, to the thiol treatment medium leads to additional radioresistance in the case of minimal medium and a moderate expression of resistance in rich medium. Experiments using the intracellular chelator, 1,10-phenanthroline, in the presence of thiol led to inhibition of thiol-induced resistance in minimal medium and radiosensitization in rich medium. These results can be explained by a "site-specific" mechanism of thiol oxidation in which the chelators control the site(s) and rate of thiol oxidation, subsequently determining the type of cellular response.
Local smooth solutions of the incompressible K-ε model and the low turbulent diffusion limit

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to study the local in time well posedness of the incompressible k-ε model in a 3d periodic domain.In the case when turbulent diffusion is much smaller than dissipation, asymptotic expansions are also derived, supposing that the velocity of the fluid can be neglected.
Roles of pigment epithelium-derived factor in cardiomyocytes: implications for use as a cardioprotective therapeutic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with patients having limited options for treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional protein with several mechanisms of action. Recently, PEDF has emerged as a potential cardioprotective agent in response to myocardial infarction. However, PEDF is also associated with pro-apoptotic effects, complicating its role in cardioprotection. This review summarises and compares knowledge of PEDF’s activity in cardiomyocytes with other cell types and draws links between them. Following this, the review offers a novel perspective of PEDF’s therapeutic potential and recommends future directions to understand the clinical potential of PEDF better. Key findings PEDF’s mechanisms as a pro-apoptotic and pro-survival protein are not well understood, despite PEDF’s implication in several physiological and pathological activities. However, recent evidence suggests that PEDF may have significant cardioprotective properties mediated by key regulators dependent on cell type and context. Conclusions While PEDF’s cardioprotective activity shares some key regulators with its apoptotic activity, cellular context and molecular features likely allow manipulation of PEDF’s cellular activity, highlighting the importance of further investigation into its activities and its potential to be applied as a therapeutic to mitigate damage from a range of cardiac pathologies.