jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study in quinoa reveals selection pattern typical for crops with a short breeding history

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quinoa germplasm preserves useful and substantial genetic variation, yet it remains untapped due to a lack of implementation of modern breeding tools. We have integrated field and sequence data to characterize a large diversity panel of quinoa. Whole-genome sequencing of 310 accessions revealed 2.9 million polymorphic high confidence SNP loci. Highland and Lowland quinoa were clustered into two main groups, with FST divergence of 0.36 and fast LD decay of 6.5 and 49.8 Kb, respectively. A genome-wide association study uncovered 600 SNPs stably associated with 17 agronomic traits. Two candidate genes are associated with thousand seed weight, and a resistance gene analog is associated with downy mildew resistance. We also identified pleiotropically acting loci for four agronomic traits that are highly responding to photoperiod hence important for the adaptation to different environments. This work demonstrates the use of re-sequencing data of an orphan crop, which is partially domesticated to rapidly identify marker-trait association and provides the underpinning elements for genomics-enabled quinoa breeding.
Sociodemographic profile, work practices, and disease awareness among stone mine workers having silicosis from Central Rajasthan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Silicosis continues to pose an important health hazard among workers having occupational exposure to stone dust. Several studies have addressed clinical presentation, radiographic and pulmonary function abnormalities in workers with silicosis. This study was planned to analyze sociodemographic profile and awareness about several aspects of silicosis among the stone mine workers visiting our centre. Methods: A questionnaire was administered in a convenient sample of eligible subjects over six years period. The questionnaire was aimed to collect sociodemographic variables, like age, gender, educational status, residential background, smoking status etc., apart from information on work-related profile including protective measures taken. Also knowledge and attitude regarding silicosis was assessed. Silicosis awareness index was also calculated as per the response received. Results: Majority of the study subjects were male (96.6%) with rural background (98.5%). 54.1% subjects were in the age group of 30 to 50 years. 81.9% mine workers were illiterate. The common addictions observed among them included smoking (60%), tobacco chewing (34%), alcohol (20%) etc., Varying duration of work exposure was observed with more than 10 years in 63.4% and more than 20 years in 32.2% workers. The commonest work exposing them to stone dust was breaking stones by chisel and hammer (51%) followed by separation of stone slab (20%) and stone drilling (15%). 80.9% subjects were not aware of the term silicosis, more than 80% were not aware of the symptoms and causes of silicosis. Only one fifth subjects were having awareness of using protection against the disease. Overall awareness about silicosis was better among literate and youngers participants. Conclusions: Stone mining industry reflects male dominance, poor literacy, long working hours for many years, financial compulsion to start and continue the job and very poor awareness regarding the disease silicosis and importance of personal protection at workplace.
Companion Animal for a Prophet or Witch?: Changing Place of House Cats in Contemporary Mali

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay offers an analysis of how the spread of Islam across southern Mali has impacted relationships between humans and cats. Historically, Malians have generally characterized cats as familiars for witches, setting them apart from other nonhuman animals as signs of misfortune. Such attitudes regularly culminate in people capturing and killing cats, some of whom are kept as companion animals, without repercussion. But cat-loving Muslims in southern Mali have increasingly started to call such attitudes and practices into question, using stories of the Prophet Muhammad to defend the honor of cats. This article offers a review of the changing nature of human-cat relations in contemporary southern Mali by considering the varied rationales offered for vilifying as well as honoring and tending to cats alike.
Effects of Short-Term Intake of Montmorency Tart Cherry Juice on Sleep Quality after Intermittent Exercise in Elite Female Field Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term consumption of tart cherry juice on levels of cortisol and melatonin and sleep quality after intermittent exhaustion exercise in female elite field hockey players. A total of 19 field hockey players participated in the present study for 5 days. The individuals were divided into the placebo group (PLA, n = 9) and the tart cherry juice group (TCJ, n = 10), respectively. Actigraphy devices were distributed to analyze sleep quality and participants were required to wear the device while sleeping until the study was completed. Participants consumed tart cherry juice or placebo drinks five times in a total of 48 h while double-blinded after intermittent exhaustion exercise. A significant interaction effect (group × time) between PLA and TCJ groups was not observed in the levels of melatonin and cortisol. The variables of sleep quality showed significant interaction effects with regards to the total time in bed (TTB; p = 0.015), wake after sleep onset (WASO; p = 0.044), and movement index (MI; p = 0.031) variables. As a result, our study confirmed the possibility that the short-term intake of tart cherry juice could not change the levels of melatonin and cortisol in elite female hockey players but could help improve their sleep quality.
Rabi switch of condensate wavefunctions in a multicomponent Bose gas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using a time-dependent linear (Rabi) coupling between the components of a weakly interacting multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), we propose a protocol for transferring the wavefunction of one component to the other. This "Rabi switch" can be generated in a binary BEC mixture by an electromagnetic field between the two components, typically two hyperfine states. When the wavefunction to be transfered is - at a given time - a stationary state of the multicomponent Hamiltonian, then, after a time delay (depending on the Rabi frequency), it is possible to have the same wavefunction on the other condensate. The Rabi switch can be used to transfer also moving bright matter-wave solitons, as well as vortices and vortex lattices in two-dimensional condensates. The efficiency of the proposed switch is shown to be 100% when inter-species and intra-species interaction strengths are equal. The deviations from equal interaction strengths are analyzed within a two-mode model and the dependence of the efficiency on the interaction strengths and on the presence of external potentials is examined in both 1D and 2D settings.
Residential Location, Work Location, and Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrants in Israel

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We develop and estimate a comprehensive dynamic programming (DP) model for the joint decisions of residential location, employment location, occupational choices, and labor market outcomes. We use data on immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU). We provide an extensive empirical evaluation of policies that have been designed to affect the residential and employment location decisions of the migrant population. The results shed new, and important, light on several issues regarding this group of immigrants. We find large regional differences in wages for the white‐collar workers, but only little differences for the blue‐collar workers. A careful examination of a number of policy measures indicate that a direct subsidy, in the form of a lump‐sum transfer, is most effective in achieving the government stated goal of inducing people to reside in the northern region of the Galilee and southern region of the Negev. Other policies, such as rental and wage subsidies, can also be quite effective, but these are more difficult to administer.
Misaligned Spinning Binary Black Hole Mergers in Hot Magnetized Plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of equal-mass spinning black hole binary mergers embedded in a magnetized gas cloud. We focus on the effect of the spin orientation relative to the orbital angular momentum on the flow dynamics, mass accretion rate, and Poynting luminosity. We find that, across the inspiral, the gas accreting onto the individual black holes concentrates into disklike overdensities whose angular momenta are oriented toward the spin axes and that persist until merger. We identify quasiperiodic modulations occurring in the mass accretion rate at the level of ∼1%–20%, evolving in parallel with the gravitational-wave chirp. The similarity between the accretion rate time series and the gravitational strain is a consequence of the interplay between strong, dynamical gravitational fields and magnetic fields in the vicinity of the inspiraling black holes. This result suggests that quasiperiodicity in the premerger accretion rate of massive binaries is not exclusive of environments in which the black holes are embedded in a circumbinary accretion disk and could provide an additional useful signature of electromagnetic emission concurrent to low-frequency gravitational-wave detection.
When the window of opportunity opens: how does open search impact the business model design of digital startups?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Open search is crucial to business model design. In recent years, the digital revolution has significantly reshaped the open search environment and the business model landscape. The traditional ‘either/or’ paradigm that separately tests the effects of open search breadth and depth on business model design is no longer applicable. By introducing the ‘both/and’ paradigm, this study explores how open search breadth and depth, both jointly and in an orderly manner, impact hybrid business model design. Using a sample of digital startups during the opportunity window of China’s digital entrepreneurship, we find that open search breadth positively relates to the balance between technology- and consumer-oriented business models. Furthermore, under the premise of high breadth, open search depth shows a U-shaped relationship with this balance. This study not only enriches our knowledge of the antecedents of business model design but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of open search.
Instrumental diagnosis of osteosarcopenia in diagrams and tables

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-associated diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in older adults with failing was 37% and associated with higher rate of death. Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia consists of describing medical history of fractures, providing x-ray of the spine (if it is needed) and bone densitometry, calculation of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), evaluating muscle strength, mass, function. The most common exam which is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). Screening using the FRAX is recommended in all postmenopausal women and mеn over 50 in order to identify individuals with high probability of fractures. It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture of large bones of the skeleton. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is consist of measures for three parameters: muscle strength, muscle quantity/quality and physical performance as an indicator of severity. Muscle strength can be measured with carpal dynamometry. Muscle mass can be evaluated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (program «Whole body»). Muscle function can be evaluated with short physical performance battery (SPPB) tests. In this article described algorithm of diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.
The system of continuous design education of Great Britain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

У статті розглядається система неперервної дизайн-освіти Великобританії, як одна з найкращих у світі, напрацювання якої можуть бути імплементовані в дизайн-освіту України, яка потребує модернізації. В ній зазначається, що система дизайн-освіти Британії вирізняється більшою структуризацією ніж американська і її особливістю є не тільки те, що вона потужно підтримується державою, а і безпосередньо регулюється нею. На функціонування дизайн-освіти має значний вплив Рада дизайну при уряді країни. Дизайн-освіта є неперервною ланкою всієї системи освіти Британії, від дошкільного виховання, початкової школи, вищої школи, аспірантури і курсів підвищення кваліфікації дипломованих дизайнерів та включена у розвиток національної культури. На початковому (5–11 років), середньому (11–16 років) рівнях освіти ключову роль відіграє предмет «дизайн та технології», який інтегрує знання з інших навчальних предметів. Він є одним із двох елементів базової предметної галузі «Технології», де другим компонентом є інформаційні технології. Після закінчення обов'язкової середньої освіти, у 16-річному віці, більшість учнів продовжують навчання в спеціалізованих середніх школах вподовж наступних двох років, в яких серед існуючих десяти основних профілів передбачений «технології» (Technology), де обдаровані діти можуть продовжувати навчатись дизайну і технологій. В подальшому здобувачі освіти можуть продовжити своє навчання дизайну у вищих навчальних закладах, після закінчення яких забезпечуються сприятливі умови для початку професійної діяльності випускників (надання стипендій, грантів, створення бізнес-інкубаторів для молодих дизайнерів та інженерів тощо). Основними формами і методами професійної підготовки майбутніх дизайнерів у вищих навчальних закладах Великої Британії залишається навчання в студіях на основі методів проєктів і на власному досвіді. Завершальним етапом неперервної дизайн-освіти Британії є університети третього віку, котрі працюють за принципом самоорганізації, що може бути запозичено українською неперервною системою дизайн-освіти, як елемент освіти дорослих.
Essential pathways: An examination of how community colleges compromise their unique contributions to American higher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community colleges in the United States have historically held a unique position within the system of higher education because of three characteristics. These characteristics include their doctrine of open access, their consistent affordability in comparison to other higher education options, and courses that are directly applicable to the workforce. However, over the years, contradictions have arisen that compromise the practice of these ideals. Focusing on three policy priorities, this analysis determines how effective community colleges are today in offering students an education that is accessible, applicable to the labor market, and affordable. The concluding points include predictions of what the future of community colleges looks like within the next twenty years.
INTERRELATIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND ABSOLUTE IN S. KIERKEGAARD’S AND F. KAFKA’S CREATIVE WORK (BY THE MATERIAL OF F. KAFKA’S MINIATURE “A MESSAGE FROM THE EMPEROR” AND A FRAGMENT FROM S. KIERKEGAARD’S BOOK “THE SICKNESS UNTO DEATH”)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyses S. Kierkegaard’s (1813-1855) and F. Kafka’s (1883-1924) miniatures addressing the problem of the interrelations of an individual and Absolute. The paper considers the fundamental possibility of establishing contact between an individual and Absolute and tackles the issue of faith. Analysing S. Kierkegaard’s philosophical views the researcher focuses on the notion “a leap of faith”, which is a key one for understanding the philosopher’s thought. The author identifies similarities and differences between the mentioned works and shows clearly the discrepancy in the writers’ worldviews, which lies in the fact that for F. Kafka the contact is impossible in principle, it’s an inherent feature of existence, and for S. Kierkegaard everything is possible if “a leap of faith” is realized. Summarizing the findings the author emphasizes the importance of the problem of the interrelations of an individual and Absolute in F. Kafka’s creative work.
Health Care Law and Ethics in a Nutshell

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Public policy responses to escalating medical costs and constrained access pose fundamental challenges to health care law. Profound medical advances also generate many ethical dilemmas. This authoritative discussion considers how law and ethics respond to these driving social, economic, and political forces of innovation, crisis and reform. Topics include health care finance and delivery structures, treatment relationships, facility and insurance regulation, corporate and tax law, refusal of life support, organ donation, and reproductive technologies.
Video Analysis of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Using a Transformer Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) detects small bowel diseases effectively, it has some limitations. For example, the reading process can be time-consuming due to the numerous images generated per case, and lesion detection accuracy may rely on the operators&#039; skills and experiences. Hence, many researchers have recently developed deep learning-based methods to address these limitations. However, they tend to select only a portion of the images from a given WCE video and analyze each image individually. In this study, we note that more information can be extracted from the unused frames and temporal relations of sequential frames. Specifically, to increase the accuracy of lesion detection without depending on experts&#039; frame selection skills, we suggest using whole video frames as the input to the deep-learning system. Thus, we propose a new Transformer-based neural encoder that takes the entire video as the input, exploiting the power of the Transformer to extract long-term global correlation within and between the input frames. Subsequently, we can capture the temporal context of the input frames and the attentional features within a frame. Tests on benchmark datasets of four WCE videos showed 95.1% sensitivity and 83.4% sensitivity. These results may significantly advance automated lesion detection techniques for WCE images. Our code is available at https://github.com/syupoh/VWCE-Net.git.
Wild-Type Receptor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The evolution that has taken place in medicinal chemistry practice as a result of major advances in genomics and molecular biology arising from the Human Genome Project has carried with it an extensive additional working vocabulary that has become both integrated and essential terminology for the medicinal chemist. Some of this augmented terminology has been adopted from the many related and interlocked scientific disciplines with which the modern medicinal chemist must be conversant, but many other terms have been introduced to define new concepts and ideas as they have arisen. In this supplementary Glossary, we have attempted to collate and define many of the additional terms that are now considered to be essential components of the medicinal chemist’s expanded repertoire.
Justice and Job Engagement: The Role of Uncertainty about Senior Management Trustworthiness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the role uncertainty about senior management trustworthiness has on work motivation for explaining the relationships of distributive and procedural justice with citizenship behaviors. Results from our study (N = 161) showed that job engagement only mediated the relationship between procedural justice and organizationally-directed citizenship behaviors when uncertainty about senior management trustworthiness was low. Similar results were not found for distributive justice nor did we find any significant results when individually-directed citizenship behaviors were examined. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and theoretical advancement.
Theorizing Teamwork under Contemporary Capitalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite two decades of discussion and debate, key issues regarding the transformation of work have remained highly uncertain, largely because of the limitations in the theoretical frameworks with which team systems have been approached. In this paper, I draw loosely on my own fieldwork to articulate a series of propositions regarding features of the new managerial regimes that have remained only poorly explored. These center on the structural tensions and contradictions that team systems elicit, the contested and negotiated nature of the new regimes, and the complex interplay between the new work-systems and the identities that workers import from the old-managerial regimes. The paper suggests that the overarching concern with rates of diffusion and the performance effects of team systems should give way to more culturally nuanced approaches that can bring to light the divergent and often inherently contradictory forms the new regimes assume in an era marked by increasing demands for labor market flexibility.
Multi-touch human-computer interface B

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-touch interfaces are becoming increasingly common in the recent years. A multi-touch interface is able to enhance users experience by allowing a more direct and intuitive Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The popularity of touch screen interfaces has resulted in global research communities such as Natural User Interface (NUI) to open discoveries in multi-touch interfaces. This multi-touch interface project is a continuation from the previous Final Year Project (FYP). The previous multitouch interface had been developed using the Laser Light Plane (LLP) technology. However, the setup proved to be too bulky and heavy to be brought around.
Pest management in fodder cowpea(Vigna unguiculataL. Walp.) through mixed‐and inter‐cropping in India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In a study of the effects of inter‐cropping and mixed‐cropping of cowpea and sorghum during the kharif, 1982 and 1983, the incidence of leafhoppers and the damage caused by defoliators were most reduced in a row inter‐crop, less in mixed, within row, farming and least in a pure crop of cowpea. Greater green fodder and dry‐matter yields of cowpea were obtained in inter‐crop between rows and in mixed‐crop, within row farming.
Criminal Issues and Countermeasures of Autonomous Driving Vehicles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

자율주행자동차는 데이터 기반의 머신 러닝과 인공 신경망을 기반으로 한 딥 러닝을 통해 그 성능과 안전성이 급속히 발전하게 되었다. 최근의 딥 러닝 알고리듬은 신체적 움직임을 통해 사물을 인식하도록 하고 있는데, 이를 운전에 적용할 경우 자율주행자동차가 실제의 도로상황을 보다 자연스럽게 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 형법은 자율주행자동차를 어떻게 규율해야 할 것인가? 우선, 위험형법은 형법의 역할을 미래의 잠재적 위험에 선제적으로 대응하는 데에 있다고 본다. 그러나 법익의 보편화, 추상적 위험범의 확대를 통해 처벌 범위를 확대함으로써, 결국 형법의 기능화 내지 형사정책화를 초래할 우려가 있다. 다른 한편, 허용된 위험의 법리는 현대 산업사회에서 발생하는 위험을 어느 정도 감수하도록 한다. 자동차는 과학기술의 발전으로 인한 현대의 가장 일상적인 위험이자 사회적으로 허용된 위험의 대표적 예이다. 자율주행자동차의 경우, 문제는 자율주행자동차 소프트웨어의 오류로 인한 위험을 우리 사회가 어느 정도까지 허용할 수 있는가 하는 점이다. 2019년 「자율주행자동차 상용화 촉진 및 지원에 관한 법률」이 제정ㆍ시행되고 있지만, 이는 자율주행자동차 기술의 개발과 인프라 구축에 초점을 맞추고 있고, 그것이 초래할 위험에 대하여는 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 그러나 자율주행자동차의 위험은 국민의 생활과 안전에 직결되는 사안으로서 간과해서는 안 될 문제이다. 따라서 자율주행자동차 위험의 허용범위를 설정하는 등 예측 불가능한 위험원의 사전적 규제ㆍ관리를 위한 법적 근거를 마련해야 한다. ‘평균 사고 간격(MDBF)’은 자율주행자동차의 안전성을 판단할 정량화된 기준으로서 사용될 수 있다. 그리고 다양한 구성원의 참여가 보장된 민관 협력 위원회를 구성하여 입법ㆍ정책적으로 신속하게 대응하고, 제조업자의 사전관리의무와 이용자의 소프트웨어 정기검사를 의무화함으로써 위험을 사전에 관리할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안한다. 여기에 의무 불이행 시의 벌칙규정을 둠으로써, 그 이행을 담보할 수 있을 것이다.