jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Eight-band k·p calculations of the electronic states in InAs/GaSb superlattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present the absorption edge of (InAs) 6ML /(GaSb) n superlattices, which has been determined with the use of the 8-band k·p method. The aim of the work was to develop a numerical tool, which gives the possibility to design InAs/GaSb superlattices for infrared detector structures. Most of works, which were published in this field till now, present the results of electronic states calculations performed with the use of the Empirical Pseudopotential Method (EPM) or Envelope Function Approximation (EFA) method. In this work we report on the results of simulations performed with the use of the 8-band k·p method, in which we have considered strain in a superlattice structure and the effects of heavy and light holes interaction at the interfaces in a superlattice. Calculations have been performed for the structures with asymmetric interfaces (i.e., InSb and GaAs ones). Superlattices grown on GaSb substrates were considered and a temperature of 0K was assumed. Results of simulations are in a good agreement with the results of PL spectra and absorbance measurements, which are presented in the literature. They are also in a good agreement with the results of simulations performed with the use of EPM and EFA methods.
The Battle of Two Bibles: When and How Did the King James Bible Gain Its Popularity over the Geneva Bible?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article addresses two questions: “When did the King James Bible gain a foothold of popularity among the English people?” and “How did the Geneva Bible lose its popularity to the King James Bible?” By reviewing the post-1611 printing of these two versions of the Bible and examining the texts of the Paul’s Cross sermons and the parliamentary sermons between 1612 and 1643, I find that the King James Bible was already more popular than the Geneva Bible by 1620, and that the rising trend of the popularity of the King James Bible had become irreversible by 1630. By 1640, the battle of the two Bibles was long over. I also refute the assumption that the political authorities’ suppression of the Geneva Bible caused its defeat. Rather, I argue that the decrease in consumer demand for exegetical notes led to the demise of the Geneva Bible.
Astrosense – a Printed Wearalbe Electrochemical Sensor for Monitoring Cortisol in Sweat during Human Spaceflight

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The In Space Manufacturing of sensors and electronics can directly addresses the logistic challenge for long-duration human spaceflight missions by reducing mission logistics mass, increase reliability, mitigate risk, while also offering a high degree of customization and tailorability. This manufacturing approach relies on additive manufacturing technologies, due to its versatility, low power consumption, automation, fast manufacturing time with low waste generation, and ability to print a variety of materials. To ensure the health and safety of crew members, developing human health portable diagnostic tools that can be manufactured during long duration missions is necessary to ensure that the crew members are monitored in real time so that countermeasures can be deployed as soon as possible. Here we report the development of Astrosense (Figure 1), a wearable wireless and fully printed platform that integrates several sensors, including, electrochemical sensor for the detection of cortisol in sweat, temperature, CO 2 and humidity sensors, as well as, the required hardware required to control each individual sensor.Astrosense consists of two sections, a reusable, and a disposable section. The reusable section contains the CO 2, temperature, humidity sensor, the potentiostat that controls the cortisol sensor and the printed antennas for data transmission. The cortisol sensor, sweat harvest component and printed batteries will be located on the disposable section of Astrosense, so that they can be easily replaced once the sensor is either saturated, degraded or when the batteries need to be replaced. The disposable section will interfase with the reusable section of Astrosense through several medical grade adhesives and pogo pins. This allows for the easy replacement of the cortisol sensor as well as mounting and dismounting of the device on the human skin. Figure 1
Nitriles in organic synthesis: A novel synthesis of benzo[h]pyrimidino[1,2‐c]‐pyridazinone and hydrazonobut‐2‐enonitrile derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new synthesis of benzo[ h ]pyrimidino[1,2‐ c ]pyridazinones via coupling diazotised anthranilic acid with 1‐phenylethylidenemalononitrile ( 1 ) is reported. Synthesis of new 1‐antipyrin‐4‐yl and 1‐pyrazol‐5‐ylpyridazine derivatives utilizing 1 as starting material is also described.
Interactions between a traditional Native American healer and Navajo patients with cardiovascular disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The population of this study is Navajo patients admitted with cardiac disease to a Southwestern hospital. Participant observations provided insight into the healing behaviors of a Traditional Healer working with the Navajo patients. This Traditional Healer used healing energy and read colors or auras to identify areas of unwellness. She attempted to restore balance in a holistic manner with consideration for traditional health care beliefs and practices held by this indigenous population. This study provided a rich descriptive picture of the work of one Traditional Native Healer and how this information can be applied to health care workers in a hospital setting to benefit patients. Culturally sensitive care by nurses has strong healing proponents and findings from the study clearly demonstrate the importance and benefits of culturally congruent care.
Human Tactile Sensation Capability for Moving Fine Step-Heights.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the human tactile sense to discriminate fine step-heights depending on surface motion. In the previous paper, we reported the development of a device which enabled to present a fine step-height ranging 0-30μm while moving at a velocity ranging 0-60 mm/s. This device was applied to investigate the human tactile sensation capability for moving fine step-heights. Six human subjects touched various step-heights moving at two velocities of 20 and 40 mm/s, and judged which step-height was higher. As a result of the psychophysical tests, the subjective equalities and the difference thresholds for discriminating the moving step-heights were determined. The experimental results proved that the difference thresholds and the subjective equalities resulting from a step-height velocity of 40 mm/s are larger than those from 20 mm/s. This reveals that the velocity of the step-height affects the discrimination capability, and that the resolution and the accuracy are decreased with the increasing velocity of the step-height.
Dynamic Device Characteristics and Linewidth Measurement of InGaN/GaN Laser Diodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report on the characterization and analysis of a GaN-based distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) with 3 rd -order laterally etched sidewall gratings centered at a wavelength of 420 nm. We also compare the device parameters with two commonly used Fabry-Perot (FP) devices operating at 450 nm and 520 nm. Intrinsic properties of the devices were extracted, including damping factor, carrier and photon lifetimes, modulation efficiency, differential gain, and parasitic capacitance. These parameters showed that the DFB exhibits a lower damping rate and parasitic capacitance while demonstrating a higher modulation efficiency, indicating that the DFB shows good potential for communications applications. Additionally, spectral linewidth of a GaN DFB is reported. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of parameter extraction and spectral linewidth measurement for GaN-based DFB-LDs.
High-efficiency harmonic loaded oscillator with low bias using a nonlinear design approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a design method for an optimized high-efficiency harmonic loaded oscillator. The proposed approach predicts the performance of oscillators including output power, dc-RF conversion efficiency, and dc-bias current shift during start-up transition. In this method, the performance of the oscillator can he optimized based on the performance analysis of the active device under the assumed operation conditions. The effects of fundamental and harmonic loading on output power and efficiency are investigated by the proposed approach. Two kinds of stability conditions are addressed for an oscillator initially biased at a low gate voltage. Using the proposed approach, we design an oscillator that has a high efficiency of 61% at 1.86 GHz with a very low bias voltage of 2.0 V.
Energy-efficient DRX scheduling for multicast transmissions in 3GPP LTE-Advanced wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The 3GPP LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) is the most promising technology for next-generation wireless communications. It provides high transmission rate up to 1 Gbps and supports plentiful multimedia services, especially for those bandwidth required multicast type of services, such as IPTV and Voice/Video-over-IP services. However, when users activate more services at their user equipments (UEs), more energy is consumed. To save UEs' energy, the LTE-A standard defines the Discontinuous Reception Mechanism (DRX) to allow UEs turning off their radio interfaces and going to sleep to save energy when no data needs to be received. But, how to optimize DRX configurations for UEs is still left as an open issue. In this paper, we address the DRX optimization problem for multicast services, which asks how to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of the multicast streams while minimize UEs' wake-up time. We propose an energy-efficient scheme to tackle this problem. The scheme tries to arrange the best multicast data reception orders to reduces UEs' wake-up periods while consider the resource collision avoidance. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is effective even if the network is under saturated condition.
Potential-Barrier Effects in Photoabsorption. III. Application to4d-Shell Photoabsorption in Lanthanum

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An exploratory calculation of the photoabsorption cross section near the $4d$ ionization threshold of lanthanum metal is carried out. The level structure of the configuration $4{d}^{9}4f$ is found to be altered by interaction with the continuum configuration $4{d}^{9}\ensuremath{\epsilon}f$. The Fano profile of the resonance above threshold is calculated, as are the oscillator strengths of the discrete states below threshold. Our results provide the ground work for more detailed calculations.
Selective deposition of Ti: An interface study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

If different substrates are bombarded by energetic (500–1000 eV) Ar ions during deposition of Ti, quite different film thicknesses may result on the substrates. In fact, on some of the substrates there will be no net deposition of Ti, while on others there will be formed a thin film of Ti. This is the bias sputtering selective deposition technique. The advantage with this technique is that the process is carried out in inert argon gas. Furthermore, almost any material may be selectively deposited. Since the substrate is bombarded by energetic argon ions during deposition its surface will be sputter etched. During the buildup of the Ti film a mixed interface may result. We have investigated the sharpness of these interfaces by Rutherford backscattering and by Auger depth profiling. We have found a critical processing interval where soft interfaces are formed by this technique. The experiments indicate that this ‘‘soft interface’’ interval appears when the deposition rate of sputtered Ti dominates only by a fraction over the bias sputter removal rate. However, if this processing interval is avoided, sharp interfaces may be obtained. In fact, the interfaces are as sharp as if Ti was sputtered onto the substrates without ion bombardment. However, the results found indicate that one has to compromise between interface sharpness and deposition selectivity. Results for Ti on Si, Pt, and Au will be presented.
Standardized terminology and nomenclature for pancreatobiliary cytology: The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology guidelines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, techniques of EUS‐FNA, terminology and nomenclature of pancreatobiliary disease, ancillary testing, and postbiopsy treatment and management. All documents are based on the expertise of the authors, a review of the literature, discussions of the draft document at several national and international meetings over an 18‐month period and synthesis of online comments of the draft document on the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology web site ( www.papsociety.org ). This document selectively presents the results of these discussions and focuses on a proposed standardized terminology scheme for pancreatobiliary specimens that correlate cytological diagnosis with biological behavior and increasingly conservative patient management of surveillance only. The proposed terminology scheme recommends a six‐tiered system: Nondiagnostic, Negative, Atypical, Neoplastic (benign or other), Suspicious and Positive. Unique to this scheme is the “Neoplastic” category separated into “benign” (serous cystadenoma), or “Other” (premalignant mucinous cysts, neuroendocrine tumors, and solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasms). The positive or malignant category is reserved for high‐grade, aggressive malignancies including ductal adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, pancreatoblastoma, lymphoma, and metastases. Interpretation categories do not have to be used. Some pathology laboratory information systems require an interpretation category, which places the cytological diagnosis into a general category. This proposed scheme provides terminology that standardizes the category of the various diseases of the pancreas, some of which are difficult to diagnose specifically by cytology. In addition, this terminology scheme attempts to provide maximum flexibility for patient management, which has become increasingly conservative for some neoplasms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:338–350. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring empathy in project management: Workplace narratives inspiring reflection and discussion

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Empathy has been acknowledged as a necessary addition to the project manager's toolkit, yet there is little in the literature on how this may be used in practice. There is no one agreed definition of empathy. However, it is acknowledged that it is a complex multifactorial construct incorporating cognitive and affective components. Given the complexity of the construct, it is reasonable to suggest that the use of empathy within the project management context is similarly complex. There is a call to incorporate the lived experience of project managers in research, and this article seeks to do that by sharing stories from several Master of Project Management students about their experience with empathy in industry. By showcasing the practical applications of empathy in diverse industries and contexts, this study aims to inspire project management practitioners to engage in reflective discussions on the integral role of empathy in effective project management.
Pediatric Urology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Oct 2021Pediatric Urology Douglas A. CanningMD Douglas A. CanningDouglas A. Canning More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001956AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Pediatric Urology." The Journal of Urology, 206(4), pp. 1052–1053 © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue 4October 2021Page: 1052-1053 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Douglas A. Canning More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Two hybrid histidine kinases, TcsB and the phytochrome FphA, are involved in temperature sensing in Aspergillus nidulans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary The adaptation of microorganisms to different temperatures is an advantage in habitats with steadily changing conditions and raises the question about temperature sensing. Here we show that in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the hybrid histidine kinase TcsB and phytochrome are involved in temperature‐induced gene transcription. Temperature‐activated phytochrome fed the signal into the HOG MAP kinase pathway. There is evidence that the photoreceptor phytochrome fulfills a temperature sensory role in plants and bacteria. The effects in plants are based on dark reversion from the active form of phytochrome, Pfr, to the inactive form, Pr. Elevated temperature leads to higher dark reversion rates, and hence, temperature sensing depends on light. In A. nidulans and in Alternaria alternata, the temperature response was light‐independent. In order to understand the primary temperature response of phytochrome, we performed spectral analyses of recombinant FphA from both fungi. Spectral properties after heat stress resembled the spectrum of free biliverdin, suggesting conformational changes and a softening of the binding pocket of phytochrome, possibly mimicking photoactivation. We propose a novel function for fungal phytochrome as temperature sensor.
Head trauma and low vision: clinical modifications for diagnosis and prescription.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Head-trauma patients benefit from many optical and non-optical devices usually associated with low vision care. This article reviews the most common modifications of clinical examination techniques required to facilitate the evaluation of trauma patients who may benefit from or require low vision devices. A discussion of the importance of incorporating common optical and non-optical devices which can enhance the lives of traumatized patients will follow.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with use of contaminated medicaments.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from three hospital-prepared medicaments being used on the wards. Sixty-six patients were studied to observe the effect of using these contaminated medicaments. Psaeruginosa was recovered from 29 patients; in five the strains recovered bore a close resemblance to strains previously isolated from the contaminated medicaments.
Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli , in children who suffered from diarrhoea ( n = 3943) or did not have diarrhoea ( n = 1026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (<1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P = 0.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April–September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October–March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.
Transient and steady state dynamic analysis of passive and semi-active suspension systems using half-car model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Several control policies of semi-active system, namely skyhook, groundhook and hybrid controls are presented using a half-car model, as a continuation of the previous work on quarter-car model. Their ride comfort, suspension displacement and road-holding performances are analysed and compared with passive system. The analysis covers both transient and steady state responses in time domain and transfer function in frequency domain. The results show that the hybrid control policy yields better comfort than a passive suspension, without reducing the road-holding quality or increasing the suspension displacement for typical passenger cars. The hybrid control policy is also shown to be a better compromise between comfort, road-holding and suspension displacement than the skyhook and groundhook control policies.
Correctness Criteria for Replicated Database Systems with Snapshot Isolation Replicas ∗

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this work we present the correctness criteria which a replicated database system with SI replicas must verify when deferred update protocols are used in a crash failure sce-nario. Our criteria proposal ensures that the replicated database system behaves like a single copy database system where transactions see a weaker form of SI, called Generalized-SI. Introduction. Database replication is a well-known technique to enhance system performance and afford site failures. However, there must be some coordination mechanism so that each transaction is committed at each database replica in some consistent order; this is done by a replication protocol. The classical approach assumes that each database provides serializable, but most database systems (e.g. Oracle and PostgreSQL) provide Snapshot Isolation (SI) [1]
SH1380524.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.