jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The 5‘-GNC Site for DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Is Conserved for Diepoxybutane Stereoisomers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The bifunctional alkylating agent 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane forms interstrand DNA-DNA cross-links between the N7 positions of deoxyguanosine residues on opposite strands of the duplex. For racemic diepoxybutane, these cross-links predominate within 5'-GNC/3'CNG sequences, where N is any nucleotide. We used denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (dPAGE) to examine the role of stereochemistry in the cross-linking reaction, subjecting a restriction fragment to cross-linking with S,S-DEB, R,R-DEB, or meso-DEB. DNA cross-links generated by each isomer were isolated by dPAGE, and the sites of cross-linking were identified by sequencing gel analysis of DNA fragments generated by hot piperidine cleavage. We found that the 5'-GNC consensus sequence of racemic DEB is conserved, but the efficiencies of cross-linking vary, with S,S- > R,R- > meso-DEB. These results help explain the observed differences between the biological activities of DEB stereoisomers.
A Water-Assisted Catalytic Mechanism in Glycoside\nHydrolases Demonstrated on the Staphylococcus aureus Autolysin E

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autolysin E (AtlE),\nfrom Staphylococcus aureus, is a cell-wall-degrading\nenzyme that is a potential drug target.\nIt is a member of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) class, enzymes that\ncommonly have either two catalytic residues and hydrolyze their substrates\nby inverting or retaining mechanisms or one catalytic residue and\nundergo retaining, substrate-assisted catalysis. Here, we address\nthe catalytic mechanism of AtlE. Site-directed mutagenesis studies\nidentified Glu138 as the only catalytic residue. Quantum mechanics/molecular\nmechanics (QM/MM) simulations of the possible reaction pathways suggest\nthat hydrolysis proceeds via a retaining, water-assisted mechanism\nand an oxocarbenium ion like transition state. These results, on the\nbasis of data from a member of the hydrolase GH73 family, support\nthe hypothesis of the presence of an alternative catalytic mechanism\nin glycoside hydrolases, which can be considered in the design of\nfuture AtlE inhibitors.
368. Haplotypes affecting pulmonary arterial pressure in Angus cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cattle that have high pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and live at high elevations are at risk of high mountain disease, which causes economic loss to Angus breeders. A 2.3 kb haplotype, HapA hereafter, with frequency of 26.99% in the genotyped Angus cattle, was identified at chr7: 90824804- 90827178 and proven to be associated with lower PAP measures at weaning and yearling. Average PAP scores among HapA heterozygotes, HapA homozygotes, and alternate homozygotes were 41.97±7.52, 40.66±6.56, and 44.11±9.25, respectively. Carrying 1 copy and 2 copies of HapA helped lower PAP score by 1.9120±0.1938 (P<0.001) and 2.6620±0.3193 (P<0.001) compared to non-carriers, respectively. While efforts to pin down causal variants for PAP are underway, HapA might be useful for improving the accuracy of PAP breeding value estimates.
Concessive Mood in the Mongolian Languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

В статье, основываясь на классификации В. И. Рассадина, автор доказывает существование уступительного наклонения в монгольских языках на конкретных примерах. Отмечено зависимое употребление грамматических форм уступительного наклонения. Они функционируют в составе уступительного периода сложного предложения. Закономерны различные связи и отношения показателя уступительного наклонения в монгольских языках с глагольными формами индикатива и импера-тива. В представленном связанном употреблении формы уступительного наклонения выражают отношения обратной сти-мулирующей обусловленности: глагольная форма в форме уступительного наклонения сообщает обстоятельство, вопреки которому совершается действие, обозначенное аподозисом. Несмотря на дискуссионность вопроса о выделении данного наклонения и традицию соотнесения подобных аналитических форм к классу придаточных предложений, такие показатели, как субъективная модальность, грамматическая оформленность и наличие спрягаемости, позволяют говорить о сформиро-вавшемся уступительном наклонении в монгольских языках. Ключевые слова: монгольские языки, глагол, личные формы, обстоятельственное наклонение, уступительное наклонение, показатели, модальность.
[The Israeli recommendations for diagnosis, management, follow-up and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) in familial adenomatous polyposis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximately 30% of colorectal cancers exhibit familial clustering. We recognize different types of polyps and polyposis syndromes that are classified according to the histological diagnosis. We differentiate between adenomas, hyperplastic, and hamartomatous polyps as well as between syndromes that are manifested by 10-100 or above 100 polyps. Only about 1% of colorectaL cancers (CRCs) are due to adenomatous polyposis syndrome. It is essential to distinguish between these syndromes as each has a different mode of presentation, spectrum of signs and symptoms and cancer risk. With the knowledge that is accumulating we now have the tools to lower the risk of cancer by performing specific screening programs that are tailored to each syndrome specifically. We present the Israeli guidelines for management of adenomatous polyposis, based on the American and European experience and consensus. We outline the importance of mutti-sectorial team work that includes the family practitioner, gastroenterologist, pathologist, genetic counselor, surgeon and social worker.
Comparison of Phasix, polypropylene, and primary closure of the abdominal donor site after bilateral free flap breast reconstruction: Long‐term evaluation of abdominal hernia and bulge formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Abdominal free flap harvest for breast reconstruction may result in significant morbidity in terms of hernias and bulges. Reinforcement of the donor site with mesh has been recommended to minimize the risk of hernias and bulges, but no studies exist evaluating the optimal type of mesh. Polypropylene has traditionally been used but the development of Phasix restorable mesh may be a reasonable alternative. Here, we compared the use of Phasix to polypropylene and primary closure and hypothesize that the former has lower rates of abdominal morbidity in the long term. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing bilateral free flap breast reconstruction from the abdomen was performed while patients with pedicle flaps or alternative donor sites were excluded. Patient demographics, medical/surgical history, cancer treatments, and flap type were analyzed. All patients were monitored for a minimum of 2 years for early donor site complications as well as hernia/bulges. Results Sixty‐six consecutive patients were included (40 patients with Phasix, 20 patients with polypropylene, and 6 patients with primary closure). Use of Phasix mesh resulted in higher initial operative costs ($2,750 vs. $72 vs. $0). Two patients with polypropylene mesh and one patient undergoing primary closure developed an abdominal bulge in an average follow‐up of 25.2 months (11.5% vs. 0%, p = .04). Conclusions Mesh placement for abdominal wall reinforcement after bilateral free flap breast reconstruction minimizes the risk of hernias and bulges. Although Phasix results in increased initial costs, abdominal morbidity is significantly decreased after follow‐up beyond 2 years.
ENTRY BARRIERS AND NEW VENTURE STRATEGIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT In an attempt to apply traditional theory of barriers to new entries, a study for a new manufacturing firm was conducted which unveiled other forms of entry barriers: the decision-making behaviour exercised by buyers of large corporations and discriminatory measures used by large suppliers against smaller firms may obstruct smaller entrants. The result of approximately fifty marketing tests among potential buyers are described. It is found that a new entrant may concentrate its entry strategy on approaching owner/managers of small independent retail stores whose entrepreneurial decision-making behaviour is more likely to help the new firm to break the entry barriers.
Vibration analysis of an idealized vertical pump model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Vertical pumps have intrinsically weak structures for vibration resonance because of their long slender shapes. Therefore, it is important to estimate the vibration characteristics of a vertical pump analytically and/or experimentally before its final installation. Sometimes, however, unexpected resonances arise after the installation. The unexpected resonance is found to be due to the difference between the boundary condition of a vertical pump for rigid-foundation test operation and for flexible-foundation real operation. In order to examine this problem and quantify the effect of the foundation condition on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the entire pump assembly, a mathematical model using a Euler-Bernoulli beam with a flexible foundation is presented. This model combines the lower and upper parts of a vertical pump, distinguishing it from previous analytical models. Experiments and simulations have been performed to validate this mathematical model and to evaluate the effect of foundation stiffness on vibration behaviour. Parametric studies have also been carried out to investigate the effects of other design variables on the dynamic characteristics of the pumps and to propose design strategies for improvement in the dynamics.
Solar thermal propulsion IHPRPT Demonstration Program

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Spacecraft powered by solar thermal propulsion engines will be able to provide the velocity change required to economically maneuver large payloads from one orbit to another or to perform interplanetary missions. This innovative concept, when applied, will double the efficiency of currently used LH2 - LO2 chemical upper stages. Solar thermal propulsion uses the sun's energy to heat a low molecular weight working fluid such as hydrogen to very high temperatures (3,000 K). The stored thermal energy is then converted to kinetic energy as the working fluid exits a diverging nozzle.
(Genetic) Epidemiology of Inflammation, Age-related Pathology and Longevity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ageing is associated with a low-grade elevation of inflammatory markers, attributed to the deregulation of immune and inflammatory pathways over time. This predisposes to many chronic, age-related diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease). In other words: higher inflammatory activity means a higher disease risk (and ultimately death). In the present thesis, we used (classical) twin studies to estimate genetic and environmental influences on the regulation of several inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IgG, Fibrinogen, CRP and TNF-α). Also, the stability of these factors over time was assessed, through gene-age interaction models and longitudinal twin studies. Furthermore, the genetic and environmental overlap between neuroticism (personality trait) and inflammatory marker levels was assessed, considering their similar effects on health outcomes. Finally, the use of “simple” mathematical formulas in describing a universal “law of ageing” was discussed. We have shown significant genetic influences (heritabilities) on all of the observed traits throughout the thesis. The genetic factors are remarkably stable over time, indicating that differences in these phenotypes with age are largely due to changes in environmental influences (rather than different genes at different time points). A genetic overlap between neuroticism and inflammation was not observed. The results in the present thesis emphasize the importance of genetics in the regulation of inflammatory marker levels (and potentially the development of age-related disease). In the future, hypothetically, families at risk of higher inflammatory marker levels could be a target for prophylactic (anti-inflammatory) treatment, to reduce old-age morbidity and mortality.
Inverse Design of 3D Multistage Transonic Fans at Dual Operating Points

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Semi-inverse design is the automatic recambering of an aerofoil during a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation in order to achieve a target lift distribution while maintaining thickness, hence, “semi-inverse.” In this design method, the streamwise distribution of curvature is replaced by a streamwise distribution of lift. The authors have developed an inverse design code based on the method of Hield (2008, “Semi-Inverse Design Applied to an Eight Stage Transonic Axial Flow Compressor,” ASME Paper No. GT2008-50430), which can rapidly design three-dimensional fan blades in a multistage environment. The algorithm uses an inner loop to design to radially varying target lift distributions, an outer loop to achieve radial distributions of stage pressure ratio and exit flow angle, and a choked nozzle to set design mass flow. The code is easily wrapped around any CFD solver. In this paper, we describe a novel algorithm for designing simultaneously for specified performance at full speed and peak efficiency at part speed, without trade-offs between the targets at each of the two operating points. We also introduce a novel adaptive target lift distribution, which automatically develops discontinuous changes of calculated magnitude, based on the passage shock, eliminating erroneous lift demands in the shock vicinity and maintaining a smooth aerofoil.
Microbial Diversity in Buried Steppe Paleosols in Relation to Former Pattern of Annual Precipitation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Comparison of microbial diversity in the exposed surface Cambisol and paleosols buried beneath kurgans from 3900–3700 to 2400–2300 cal BC in the desert-steppe zone of the Ergeny Upland was carried out. Chemical and morphological properties of paleosols differed indicating different natural conditions of the time of kurgan erection. Microbial diversity in Ae and Bt horizons was studied by the TRFLP method. Using the RDP database, the taxonomic identification of bacterial phylotypes was carried out. Bacterial communities were diverse and reflected the functioning of soil biota, including plant and fauna pathogens. In the exposed surface soil bacterial diversity in Ae and Bt horizons differed, while in paleosols they were more similar. In the most ancient paleosol buried at 3900–3700 cal BC, bacterial groups were common to other paleosols and/or to the exposed surface soil. In contrast, two paleosols buried at the arid periods of the Bronze Age (second half of 3rd Millennium BC) had more specific bacterial groups, especially the paleosol buried on the peak of climate aridization (2400–2300 cal BC). High microbial biodiversity of buried soils of arid periods is related to the changes in the intra-annual course of precipitation.
GOT QUESTIONS ABOUT ACRYLAMIDE? TALK TO SOMEONE WHO REALLY HAS A HANDLE ON IT.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTGOT QUESTIONS ABOUT ACRYLAMIDE? TALK TO SOMEONE WHO REALLY HAS A HANDLE ON IT.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1980, 58, 46, ifcPublication Date (Print):November 17, 1980Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 17 November 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v058n046.ifcCopyright © 1980 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (197 KB) SUBJECTS:Amides Get e-Alerts
Identification of the Disease Resistance of “Ganzhu 3” a New Ramie Variety

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The disease resistance of “Ganzhu 3”a new ramie variety was identified by the methods of artificial inoculation,induction of disease development in nursery and field investigation,the results indicate that “Ganzhu 3” has high resistance to ramie mosaic disease,Pratylenchus coffeae and ramie phytophthora blight,and middle resistance to Colletotrichum boehmeriae. The technique of identifying the resistance of ramie varieties to several diseases was discussed.\;
Which Aspects of Corporate Governance Do and Do Not Matter in Emerging Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Well-constructed, country-specific “corporate governance indices” can predict higher firm values in emerging markets. However, there is little credible research on which aspects of governance drive that overall relationship. We study that question across four major emerging markets (Brazil, India, Korea, and Turkey). We build overall country-specific governance indices, comprised of indices for disclosure, board structure, ownership structure, shareholder rights, board procedure, and control of related party transactions. Disclosure (especially financial disclosure) predicts higher market value across all four countries. Board structure (principally board independence) has a positive coefficient in all countries and is significant in two countries. The other indices do not predict firm value. These results suggest that regulators and investors, in assessing governance, and firm managers, in responding to investor pressure for better governance, would do well to focus on disclosure and board structure.
A high-dose preparation of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of antibiotic-associated and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older people admitted to hospital: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel arm trial (PLACIDE)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 17, No. 57. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Entrevista com Yasmini Vargaz

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Em entrevista ao programa Musica em Pessoa, a soprano Yasmini Vargaz fala sobre sua trajetoria e compartilha com os ouvintes gravacoes de suas interpretacoes de arias de operas de Mozart e Vivaldi, ao lado da Orquestra de Câmara da ULBRA e da Orquestra Unisinos Anchieta. Yasmini e bacharel em Canto Lirico pela UFRGS, e acaba de se tornar professora da area na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Massive mandible osteolysis caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis in a mare

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Halicephalobus gingivalis infects equines and humans and is reported to be usually fatal in equines. Generally, a diffuse granulomatous inflammation is seen with neurological signs. The authors here present the case of an infected mare that had to be euthanased due to extensive mandible osteolysis, with only bony remnants left. The nematode was clearly identified on histological kidney samples. Interestingly, the affected mare did not present any neurological or renal signs. The only sign noticed was severe mandible deformation, which led to the original referral for suspected mandible fracture. No previous reports describe such a massive mandible osteolysis provoked by this nematode.
Utilization of <em>Candida utilis</em> Cells for the Production of Yeast Extract: Effects of Enzyme Types, Dosages and Treatment Time

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to establish an enzymatic hydrolysis process to prepare yeast extract with the advantages of low-cost and high-content of flavor nucleotides. Yeast extract was produced from the broken cell suspension of Candida utilis, using papain, 5′-Phosphodiesterase (RP-1) and Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) -deaminase. The effects of types, dosages and treatment time of enzymes on the recovery of solid, protein and flavor nucleotides, as well as the extract composition were investigated. Enzyme types remarkably affected the recovery of protein and solid and papain was found to be the most effective hydrolysis enzyme. The optimal dosage of papain and its treatment time were determined as 0.2% and 6 h, respectively. On this condition, the recovery of solid and protein of yeast cells was 69.26 and 60.87%, respectively. Further treatments with RP-1 (0.045%, 3 h) and AMP-deaminase (0.045%, 2 h) were employed to obtain a higher content of flavor 5′-nucleotides (GMP + IMP, 4.39%). This process had the advantages of a small amount of enzymes dosage, short enzymatic reaction time and high extraction yield.
Risk optimization with p-order conic constraints

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

My dissertation considers solving of linear programming problems with p-order conic constraints that are related to a class of stochastic optimization models with risk objective or constraints that involve higher moments of loss distributions. The general proposed approach is based on construction of polyhedral approximations for p-order cones, thereby approximating the non-linear convex p -order conic programming problems using linear programming models. It is shown that the resulting LP problems possess a special structure that makes them amenable to efficient decomposition techniques. The developed algorithms are tested on the example of portfolio optimization problem with higher moment coherent risk measures that reduces to a p-order conic programming problem. The conducted case studies on real financial data demonstrate that the proposed computational techniques compare favorably against a number of benchmark methods, including second-order conic programming methods.