jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes are among the strong contenders for the development of safe and high-energy density solid-state Li-metal batteries (SSLB). Current composite electrolytes suffer, however, from low conductivity and thermodynamic instability versus cathode materials 1-3 . In order to overcome the current limitations, we report the preparation of electrolyte membranes based on lithium garnet (LLZO) nanowires synthesized via electrospinning technique, poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a sulfonic-based plasticizer enabled with high Li-ion conductivity of 0.1 mS cm -1 at room temperature. The fabricated flexible membranes show improved electrochemical performances. For example, the cyclic voltammetry results confirm the electrochemical stability of the developed electrolyte membrane in a voltage window of 3 V to 5.5 V that potentially enables utilization of high voltage cathodes such as LiCoPO 4 . To extend, the electrochemical stability towards low voltage to enable the use of cathode materials operating in a larger or lower voltage range, we engineered the lithium metal surface by a thin layer of Li 3 N layer that stabilized the developed membranes down to 1.5 V. Integration of the developed electrolyte membranes with high specific capacity cathodes could potentially enable the next generation Li-metal batteries with high energy density. References: (1) Croce, F.; Appetecchi, G. B.; Persi, L.; Scrosati, B. Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries. Nature 1998 , 394 (6692), 456-458. https://doi.org/10.1038/28818. (2) Kuhnert, E.; Ladenstein, L.; Jodlbauer, A.; Slugovc, C.; Trimmel, G.; Wilkening, H.M.R.; Rettenwander, D. Lowering the Interfacial Resistance in Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 |Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Composite Electrolytes. Cell Rep. Phy. Sci. 2020 , 1 (10), 100214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100214. (3) Choudhury, S.; Stalin, S.; Vu, D.; Warren, A.; Deng, Y.; Biswal, P.; Archer, L. A. Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. Nat. Commun. 2019 , 10 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12423-y. Acknowledgement: The financial support by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs, the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development and the Christian Doppler Research Association (Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (project no. P25702) is gratefully acknowledged.
Prenatal Diagnosis, Associated Findings and Postnatal Outcome of Fetuses With Truncus Arteriosus Communis (TAC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the spectrum of associated anomalies, the intrauterine course, postnatal outcome and management of fetuses with truncus arteriosus communis (TAC) Methods: All cases of TAC diagnosed prenatally over a period of 8 years were retrospectively collected in two tertiary referral centers. All additional prenatal findings were assessed and correlated with the outcome. The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis was assessed. Results: 39 cases of TAC were diagnosed prenatally. Mean gestational age at first diagnosis was 22 weeks (range, 13-38). Two cases were lost follow up. Correct prenatal diagnosis of TAC was made in 87.5% and of TAC subtype in 90.5%. Prenatal diagnosis was incorrect in three cases: One newborn had aortic atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) postnatally, one had hypoplastic right ventricle with dextro Transposition of the Great Arteries (d-TGA) with coartation of the aorta and a third newborn had Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with abnormal origin of the left pulmonary artery arising from the ascending aorta postnatally. These 3 cases were excluded from further analysis.In 26.5% of cases TAC was an isolated finding. 38.2% of fetuses had additional chromosomal anomalies. Among them, microdeletion 22q11.2 was most common with a prevalence of 17.6% in our cohort. Another 3 fetuses were highly suspicious for non-chromosomal genetic syndromes due to their additional extra-cardiac anomalies, but molecular diagnosis could not be provided. Major cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies occurred in 8.8% and 58.8%, respectively. Predominantly, extra-cardiac anomalies occurred in association with chromosomal anomalies. Additionally, severe IUGR occurred in 17.6%. There were 14 terminations of pregnancy (41.2%), 1 (2.9%) intrauterine fetal death, 5 postnatal deaths (14.7%) and 14 (41.2%) infants were alive at last follow-up. Intention-to-treat survival rate was 70%. Mean follow up among survivors was 42 months (range, 6-104). Postoperative health status among survivors was excellent in 78.6%, but 46.2% needed repeated re-interventions due to recurrent pulmonary artery or conduit stenosis. The other 21.4% of survivors were significantly impaired due to non-cardiac problems. Conclusion: TAC is a rare and complex cardiac anomaly that can be diagnosed prenatally with high precision. TAC is frequently associated with chromosomal and extra-cardiac anomalies, leading to a high intrauterine and postnatal loss rate due to terminations and perioperative mortality. Without severe extra-cardiac anomalies, postoperative health status is excellent, independent of the subtype of TAC, but the prevalence of repeated interventions due to recurrent stenosis is high.
Associations between sex, body mass index, and the individual microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background 18‐kDa translocator protein position‐emission‐tomography (TSPO‐PET) imaging emerged for in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation in preclinical and clinical research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Higher TSPO‐PET binding as a surrogate of microglial activation in females has been reported for cognitively normal humans (HC), but sex effects have not yet been systematically evaluated in patients with AD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of sex and the body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between β‐amyloid‐accumulation and microglial activation in AD. Method Fifty‐six patients with AD (34 female; BMI 24.9±4.0; age 71.1±7.7 years; 100% Aβ‐positive; MMSE 20.9±5.5) and 13 Aβ‐negative HC (7 female; BMI 24.2±3.3; age 70.6±7.5 years; MMSE 29.0±1.0) underwent TSPO‐PET ( 18 F‐GE‐180) and β‐amyloid‐PET imaging (Aβ‐PET; 18 F‐flutemetamol). The brain was parcellated into 218 cortical regions and standardized‐uptake‐value‐ratios (SUVr, cerebellar reference) were calculated for TSPO‐ and Aβ‐PET. Per AD patient, the averaged regional increase of TSPO‐ and Aβ‐PET SUVr (z‐score) was calculated versus HC. We used the function between regional Aβ‐PET and TSPO‐PET SUVr to determine the Aβ‐plaque dependent microglial response (slope) and the Aβ‐plaque independent microglial response (intercept) at the single patient level (Figure 1). All PET read‐outs were compared between sexes and we tested for a moderation effect of sex on the association between BMI and microglial activation, controlled for age. Result In AD the mean cortical TSPO‐PET z‐score of females (+0.69±0.72) was higher when compared to males (+0.30±0.73; p=0.048; Figure 2), whereas Aβ‐PET z‐scores were similar (female: +4.56±1.76; male: +4.44±2.08). The Aβ‐plaque independent microglial response was stronger in females with AD (intercept: +0.35±0.63) when compared to males (‐0.23±0.71; p=0.0024) whereas the Aβ‐plaque dependent microglial response was indifferent between sexes (Figure 2). BMI and the Aβ‐plaque independent microglial response were significantly associated in females (β=0.35, p=0.043) but not in males (β=‐0.02, p=0.940; BMI*sex interaction: F (3,52) =4.77, p=0.0052; Figure 3). Conclusion Females with AD comprise a higher Aβ‐plaque independent microglia response, whereas the microglial response to fibrillar Aβ is indifferent between sexes. BMI is positively associated with the Aβ‐plaque independent microglia response in females with AD but not in males, indicating that sex and BMI need to be considered when studying neuroinflammation in AD.
How stiff is a timber curved plank? Historical discussions about curved plank structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The 120 foot (approximately 38 metres) wide spanning timber cupola of the halle au blé quickened interest of European engineers and architects at the end of the eighteenth century. The cupola, which was economically assembled from small, thin planks, was designed by the architects Legrand (1743-1808) and Molino (1743-1831) and erected by the carpentry-master Roubo (1739-1791). With their design the building masters acted on a structural idea from renaissance times and resurrected it again at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The two hundred year old construction methods however were almost completely forgotten. A tradition of how to build a curved plank structure properly did not develop over the time. The curved plank cupola of the halle au blé stood up to the designs of solid stone cupolas. Its structural lightness asked emulating building masters a lot of questions; moreover forced them to think in new directions: On one hand they had to realise, that the laws of shape and mass of traditional European vaulting structures are not one-to-one applicable on the curved planks. On the other hand the recovering of the historical, light timber structure forced a competent handling of material strengths, elasticity, as well as the knowledge of load transmission within the
540: NEUROLOGIC OUTCOMES IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN WITH ACUTE SARS-COV-2 OR MIS-C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: We aimed to describe neurologic outcomes in hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Methods: Multinational (n=50 centers), cross-sectional study of neurologic manifestations in children < 18 y old hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test or clinical diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2-related condition between January 2020-July 2021. Multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for unfavorable outcome at hospital discharge (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Score 3-6) was performed. Severe neurologic manifestation included those with univariate logistic regression significant to p< 0.05 for unfavorable outcome: dysautonomia, stroke, encephalopathy, cardiac arrest, meningitis/encephalitis, coma, seizures, weakness, and delirium. Results: Of 3,556 children (46% female), 3333 (94%) had acute SARS-CoV-2 and 223 (6%) had MIS-C. Unfavorable outcome occurred in 368 (11%) children and 39 (1.1%) died. Children with unfavorable outcome were older (median 9 interquartile range [4-14] vs. 8 [1-14] y, p< 0.001), and more likely to have neurologic comorbidity (72% vs. 10%, p< 0.001), worse Glasgow coma scale score (GCS) group (19% with combined GCS 9-15 vs. 1.7% with GCS< 9, p< 0.001), any neurologic manifestation (52% vs. 37%, p< 0.001), and severe neurologic manifestation (48% vs. 20%, p< 0.001) compared to children with favorable outcome. In multivariate logistic regression, older age (odds ratio 1.1 95% confidence interval [1.0, 1.1], total pre-existing conditions (2.1 [1.8, 2.5]), severe neurologic manifestation (3.4 [2.0, 6.0], and worse GCS group (4.0 [2.6, 5.9]) were associated with unfavorable outcome. Conclusions: Children with severe neurologic manifestation, pre-existing conditions, and children of older age hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C have worse hospital discharge outcomes. Follow-up of these children is necessary to identify and manage neurologic and functional impairment.
Establishment of orthotopic model of hamster pancreatic cancer and its biologic characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To establish an orthotopic model of hamster pancreatic cancer and to analyze its biologic characteristics. METHODS: Pancreatic cancer cell line pDHAM-1 of hamster was inoculated under pancreatic membrane. At 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, a group of 10 animals were sacrificed to observe the growth of orthotopic cancer, lymph nodes metastasis, liver metastasis and the quantity and quality of ascites. RESULTS: Orthotopic model of hamster pancreatic cancer had a high survival rate (95%) and grew rapidly. The orthotopic tumors were measured (16±6), (173±44), (369±87), (974±226) mm3 respectively at the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. At the 21st day, cancer cells were observed in lymphatic capillaries and metastasis in some lymph nodes and hydremic ascites was detected. At the 28th day, the positivity rate of lymph nodes and the amount of bloody ascites increased. Liver metastasis was detected in some of the hamsters. CONCLUSION: The establishment of orthotopic model of hamster pancreatic cancer cells pGHAM-1 is simple and easily copied, and maintains the biologic characteristics of pancreatic carcinoma, which is an ideal research model of pancreatic carcinoma.
G205(P) Evaluation of procalcitonin as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in neonatal sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Neonatal Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Blood culture, the gold standard for diagnosis is usually found to be negative due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Procalcitonin (PCT) has recently been proposed as a potential specific marker of the systemic inflammatory response to infection. Many clinical studies showed higher PCT levels in clinical bacteremia and sepsis than in systemic viral or localized bacterial infection. We tried to analyse the potential of Procalcitonin versus that of conventional markers as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic indicator in culture positive neonatal sepsis.

Methods

It was a prospective study conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care referral hospital. Hundred consecutive neonates with clinical diagnosis of sepsis were enrolled. Blood culture, total white blood cells, platelet, absolute neutrophil counts, immature to total neutrophil ratio, C reactive protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin were done on Day 1, 3, 7. Subjects were grouped into those found culture positive (study group) and those who were culture negative (control group).

Results

The data was analysed statistically using SPSS software to find a suitable indicator which correlated best with culture positivity as well as clinical improvement with antibiotics indicating successful treatment. Such an indicator would help one to take decision on stopping or modifying the antibiotic therapy in the absence of culture positivity. All newborns included in the study received antibiotic therapy for a minimum of 48 hours. The markers were also compared amongst various outcome groups as favourable and unfavourable outcome (septic shock vs non-septic shock and survivor vs non-survivor). Procalcitonin was a better marker than CRP and hematologic indices in differentiating culture positive and culture negative sepsis in newborns (p-0.048,<0.001 and<0.001 for PCT on days 1,3 and 7; Mann Whitney U Test). Procalcitonin values increased sequentially in those with an unfavourable outcome (p<0.001 for difference in day 7 to 1 values) and decreased similarly (p<0.001 for difference in day 7 to 1 values) in those with a favourable outcome.

Conclusion

Procalcitonin was found to be a better marker for early diagnosis as well as prognosis as compared to other conventional markers in Neonatal Sepsis.
Implementation of an Evidenced-Based Post Stroke Depression Screening Protocol at the Queen's Medical Center

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Post stroke depression (PSD) has been identified as the most prevalent psychiatric consequence of having had a stroke. Up to one third of all stroke survivors will experience depressive symptoms at some point during their recovery. When left untreated, PSD can be devastating to a stroke survivor’s rehabilitative process. The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice project was to implement a PSD screening protocol at The Queen’s Medical Center (QMC) to address these potential issues. Objectives of this project included establishing an inpatient PSD screening protocol at QMC, encouraging continuity of PSD screening in the outpatient setting, and increasing provider comfort discussing and screening for PSD. Guiding this project from inception to finish was the IOWA model of evidenced based care. Through following the model’s steps, the project’s PSD team was able to create a standardized PSD screening protocol that was integrated into the workflow of QMC neurological intensive care unit providers. The protocol included the PHQ-2, which was used to screen all eligible patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke prior to their discharge. Over a four-month interventional period 86 patients were screened with the new evidence-based protocol. Of those patients 61 were able to participate in the PHQ-2 screen. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in this group was 11.5%. This project was able to reach a 93% provider screening compliance rate by project’s end. Survey results from providers as well as anecdotal provider feedback during team meetings showed an increase in provider comfort discussing and screening for PSD over the course of the interventional period. Results of this project indicate that PSD, a condition typically poorly addressed, is a real concern in the Hawaiʻi population and that screening for it in the acute care setting is feasible. This project represents the first attempt at measuring a prevalence rate for PSD in a Hawaiʻi acute care facility. Limitations of this project and its results include a limited interventional period, poorly validated depression screening tool for stroke patients, and decreasing hospital stays related to improved stroke care. Each of these may have contributed to the lower than expected prevalence rate for PSD in this acute care setting.
Effect of simulated rain on the efficiency of fungicides in potato late blight and early blight control

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rainfastness of fungicides used in the control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and early blight (Alternaria solani) of potato was evaluated under green house and laboratory conditions. ‘Agata’ and ‘Monalisa’ plants treated with fungicides against both diseases were subjected to 20 mm controlled rain simulation for 6 min at 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 h after application. Once all leaves had dried, foliar discs were transferred to Petri dishes and inoculated with the respective pathogens. The plates were then incubated in a BOD chamber for a 12-h photoperiod at 18°C and 25°C, respectively. Disease severity was evaluated by determining the area (%) of the foliar discs affected by disease on 5 and 7 days post-inoculation. The results suggest that systemic or inherent tenacity fungicides were less influenced by the simulated rain as compared to contact fungicides. An increase in drying time promoted higher control levels of both diseases, indicating a better retention and absorption of the tested fungicides.
DATA WARS BEYOND SURVEILLANCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the Terrorism Financing Tracking Programme (TFTP), or ‘Swift affair,’ as exemplary of what have been called ‘Data Wars’ in this special issue. In the TFTP, access to data about global financial circulations was offered as a means to govern uncertain security futures. The article endeavours to open the ‘black box’ of the Swift programme, by showing how the Swift data were handled, accessed and analysed. We use the social science analogy of the black box as developed by Donald MacKenzie, but also because the datasets transferred from Swift to the US Treasury were in encrypted form, which literally came to be called a black box. In this paper, opening the black box has a dual meaning: both to reveal and reassemble the processes, procedures and analytical software tools of the TFTP, and to explicate a number of ethical, political and societal questions brought about by the programme. To open up the black box of this data war, then, is to push critique beyond the ‘righting of the wrongs’ (for example, to better protect data or to strengthen privacy), and to ask instead what such practices make of us and our world.
Effects of Same Sex Class Organization on Junior High School Students’ Academic Achievement, Self-Discipline, Self-Concept, Sex Role Identification, and Attitude Toward School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of same-sex class organization on junior high school (seventh and eighth grade) students’ academic achievement, self-discipline, self-concept, sex role identification, and attitude toward school. A pretest and posttest experimental design with randomly assigned groups (with some adjustments in assignment) was employed. Each experimental group was in English, social studies, mathematics, science, and physical education classes for a full school year. The instructional content and method were essentially the same for both the control and experimental groups. Five null hypotheses, one for each dependent variable, were tested by application of analysis of covariance using a 2X2X2 factorial design. While the data did not warrant the rejection of any of the null hypotheses, significant differences were found for factors not effected by the experimental treatment. Differences in academic achievement and general maturity were consistent with the research about early adolescence in that the differences favored the girls.
Circling a Regular Pentagon with Straightedge and Compass in Euclidean Geometry

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

“Circling The Regular Pentagon” is possibly used to describe a new challenge problem that comes from the exact solution for another new challenge problem “Circling the SQUARE”, published in January 2024 in the International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology (IJMTT). "Circling The SQUARE" means constructing a circle that has the exact area of the given square”. Therefore, the “Circling the Regular Pentagon” problem challenge has not existed in the mathematics field until it is solved and published nowadays. This paper, then, provides an exact solution to construct a circle that has the same area as a given regular pentagon. The solution does not use the number  and suits the exact constraint of Euclidean Geometry by straightedge & compass.