jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3067: Exploring strategies to modulate mitochondrial metabolism to alleviate tumor hypoxia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Radiation therapy is a standard type of treatment modality used as a part of curative or palliative treatment in more than 50% of all cancer patients. However, tumor hypoxia reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy by limiting the biologically effective dose. Here, we explore and compare strategies to alleviate hypoxia by modifying the oxygen supply or demand within mouse tumor models. We used pODD-Luc, a dynamic in vivo luciferase reporter system that monitors relative levels of tumor hypoxia in real time. We show that in mouse tumor models, contrary to the reported results of human clinical trials, acute manipulation of systemic oxygen delivery significantly reduces the level of hypoxia. We then examined pharmacological manipulation of oxygen demand, which is an emerging trend in therapeutic efforts to sensitize tumors to anti-cancer therapy. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) constitutes more than 90% of cellular oxygen demand by coupling carbon source oxidation with ATP generation in a series of redox reactions transferring electrons from reduced cofactors to molecular oxygen. Mechanistically, a decrease in mitochondrial OCR would lead to increased oxygen availability within the tumor, allowing initially hypoxic areas to become re-oxygenated. We found that strategies that directly stimulate mitochondrial OCR exacerbate levels of hypoxia while OCR suppression in turn promotes tumor re-oxygenation. We have previously shown that papaverine, an FDA-approved phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor effectively reduces hypoxic tumor fractions in vivo by an off-target effect that inhibits mitochondrial complex I. Here we show that its novel derivative SMV-32 that acts as complex I inhibitor with reduced PDE10A effect mediates superior OCR inhibition in both orthotopic and heterotopic mouse tumor models. These findings further establish the direct impact of OCR manipulation on tumor hypoxia and support the role of mitochondrial metabolism as an attractive target to alleviate tumor hypoxia and overcome treatment resistance. Citation Format: Martin Benej, Jinghai Wu, McKenzie Kreamer, Sandip Vibhute, Ioanna Papandreou, Nicholas C. Denko. Exploring strategies to modulate mitochondrial metabolism to alleviate tumor hypoxia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3067.
Derrida’s Contributions to Phenomenology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this survey of secondary sources on phenomenology I have located the problematic of an aporia that lies at its center. Phenomenology has divided itself itself into transcendental idealism or empirical idealism and non-philosophy. In both these incarnations of phenomenology, Husserl’s transcendental idealism and the radical empiricism in the philosophies of Heidegger, Levinas, Ricoeur, Blanchot and Merleau-Ponty, lies a form of theoretical essentialism and blindness to the meta-condition that structures phenomenology. It is differance, the space or interval between the transcendental and empirical which conditions and produces both the transcendental and empirical through the retrospective movement of the trace. Derrida’s contribution to phenomenology, as I will argue in this paper, is his discovery of the quasi-transcendental, or the interval between the transcendental and empirical which determines phenomenology. It does this through the productive and differentiating movement of the trace. As transcendental-empirical difference is an illusion, then truth would be neither transcendental nor empirical.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION METHOD FOR TITANIUM WELDMENTS.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Work accomplished during the program to develop a nondestructive inspection method for titanium weldments is presented. The most successful method developed was neutron activation analysis for oxygen and carbon detection. A vacuum hot extraction method using an electron beam welder successfully differentiated uniformly contaminated screening specimens but was unable to detect single contaminated passes in a two inch weldment. The electron beam spike apparently damaged the weld as well. Temperature coefficient of resistance and ultrasonics inspection methods were eliminated after the screening phase of the program. (Author)
Language Practices in Multilingual Legal Education: A Case Study at the University of Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract in English The effects of globalisation include the internationalisation of universities, executed for the purpose of quality improvement, restructuration or upgrading. At the higher education level, internationalisation may be visible in the outline of the curriculum, the superdiversity of students’ and teachers’ origins and languages, as well as the establishment of student and staff exchange programmes. All these aspects lead to the need for communication in different languages and, in an increasing numbers of cases, the presence of languages of teaching and learning which are not the first languages of the teachers, students and administrative staff involved. Therefore, the trend towards internationalisation of universities around the world goes hand in hand with re-structuring related to language use and language choice. In other words, language being an essential component of education has become a major point in governance. The topic of the present thesis is situated in the area of the role of languages and multilingualism in higher education. The study addresses the problem of using a specific instructional language, French, English or German in our case, to learn content subjects in contexts where some of these languages may be a foreign language to students and teachers and in a field, which in many countries is traditionally considered bound to the nation-state and hence to a national language. With regard to the field of law, the situation in the multilingual country Luxembourg is particular in that the Luxembourgish law is formulated in French, to some extent in German but the national language is Luxembourgish. The study sets out to describe the linguistic practices applied in learning and teaching the law at the trilingual university of Luxembourg and investigating how students and teachers view these practices. Using a range of ethnographic methods, the study examines classroom practices in a specific multilingual context and the way participants view them, rather than assessing the appropriateness of the pedagogical means selected or applied by teachers in a normative sense. However, matters of general and legal pedagogy and legal theory will be accessorily although not thoroughly discussed. We hope that the study will contribute to increase the knowledge on this subject in general and be useful for this specific research terrain (Luxembourg) as well as for other similar contexts worldwide.
RETRACTED: Computational and numerical solutions to the Benney–Luke equation: Insights into nonlinear long wave dynamics in dispersive media

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The current investigation seeks to explore the nonlinear Benney–Luke model, a governing equation pertinent to the propagation of extended waves within dispersive media, such as those observed in water waves and plasma waves, among other nonlinear wave phenomena. This model is distinguished by its incorporation of both dispersive and nonlinear effects, rendering it a valuable instrument for delving into intricate wave dynamics. Notably, it shares similarities with other prominent nonlinear evolution equations, including the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and the Boussinesq equation, both of which have been extensively examined within the domain of water waves and associated phenomena.Employing analytical methodologies, specifically the Khater (Khat III) and modified Kudryashov (MKud) methods, the research endeavors to derive exact solutions for the Benney–Luke equation. These solutions serve to elucidate various aspects of long wave behavior in dispersive media, encompassing their propagation characteristics, stability, and potential for inter-wave interactions. Furthermore, a trigonometric-quantic-B-spline (TQBS) scheme is adopted as a numerical approach to corroborate the precision of the derived analytical solutions and demonstrate their relevance across diverse physical scenarios linked to the model under examination.The research outcomes underscore the efficacy of the analytical techniques in generating dependable solutions for the Benney–Luke model. Moreover, through the utilization of the TQBS numerical scheme, the accuracy of the derived analytical solutions is affirmed, thereby ensuring their pragmatic utility across a spectrum of physical scenarios pertinent to the investigated model. This endeavor holds significance in its contribution towards advancing the comprehension of nonlinear wave phenomena within dispersive media, with ramifications spanning multiple disciplines, including fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics. The novelty of this study lies in its application of the Khater (Khat III) and modified Kudryashov (MKud) methods to the Benney–Luke equation, alongside the integration of the TQBS numerical scheme for solution validation. Positioned within the domain of nonlinear partial differential equations, this research aligns with its broader applications in physics, particularly concerning the investigation of dispersive wave phenomena.
Quantitative laser cutting of plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is possible to quantify cutting of plant stems by a laser beam in contrast to mechanical cutting. The biomass of the plants after a certain period under standard green house conditions was used to measure the effect of partial or complete cutting with a laser. Continuous laser irradiation at 10.6 micrometers of the plant stem turned out to be very efficient at values of the energy per width unit above 6 J/mm. The effect of laser irradiation at 355 nm or 1064 nm is less pronounced, but also at these wavelengths the re- growth or continuous growth are reduced. A monocotyledon- type, winter what (Triticum vulgare L), is substantially more resistant than a dicotyledon-type, charlock (Chenopodium album L.) against radiation. The exposure limits for laser light in living plants have been explored as well. The limit in terms of re-growth of the irradiated plants exceeds the MPE (maximum permissible exposure) of human skin by several orders of magnitude. The consequence is that very powerful (unfocused) lasers can be used in any environment without significant impact on living plants.
Phenotype-driven Precision Oncology (PDPO)-guiding clinical decisions one patient at-a-time

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Precision medicine requires treatment individualization taking into account not only patient and tumor factors, but also intra-tumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution through time. We propose that the next generation of personalized precision drugs will come from the development of physiologically relevant "real- or accelerated-time" models of individual patient-specific tumors, that mimic tumor pathology, and progression. Importantly, such models could serve as a powerful personalized screening platform for clinical genomics-informed predictions for genetic and therapeutic vulnerabilities that can subsequently be used to provide testable therapeutic and diagnostic modalities in the clinic. With that in mind, we have developed a bank of primary patient-derived xenograft (PDx), and microtumor/primary cell line (PDmT/PDC) models of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), and colorectal cancers (CRCs) that are amenable to high-throughput and high-content screens (HTS/HCS). Using comprehensive tumor profiling studies, and single cell transcriptomics in conjunction with image-based phenotypic screens, we are beginning to uncover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities, as well as key driver genes/pathways and their function that may regulate cancer metastasis and evolution of drug resistance, the two most common causes of cancer-related mortality.
The role of organisational and contextual factors in supply chain collaboration and competitive advantage: the case of the garment industry in Vietnam

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This research aims to investigate how organisational and contextual factors affect supply chain collaboration and how that, in turn, influences firms' competitive advantage in the garment industry in the context of Vietnam, a developing country. Design/methodology/approach Following a qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior managers who are involved in supply chain collaboration in twelve garment companies in Vietnam. The data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using NVivo 12. Based on the literature and interview findings, a research model underpinned by the relational view (RV) and institutional theories, with organisational and contextual factors being the antecedents and competitive advantage as the outcome of supply chain collaboration, was proposed. Findings The findings showed that organisational and contextual factors induce both internal, supplier and customer supply chain collaboration. There is also a positive relationship between supply chain collaboration and competitive advantage. Based on these findings, a strategy matrix for supply chain collaboration is also put forward. Originality/value This is one of the first empirical attempts to investigate the role of organisational and contextual factors as potential antecedents of supply chain collaboration and its effects on competitive advantage in the garment industry. The research is expected to enrich both the literature and management practices on supply chain collaboration in the context of developing countries.
Feeding Diets Moderate in Physically Effective Fibre Alters Eating and Feed Sorting Patterns without Improving Ruminal pH, but Impaired Liver Health in Dairy Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main challenge in dairy cattle feeding is to find a balance between the energy and physically effective fibre (peNDF), required to maintain rumen health. In an attempt to regulate the balance between energy intake and rumen buffering, we hypothesized that the content of peNDF in the diet modifies eating and feed sorting patterns of the cows. Sixteen lactating Simmental cows were switched from a diet high in peNDF, with which they were fed for one week, to a diet moderate in peNDF for four weeks. Data showed that during the moderate peNDF feeding the cows increased sorting for medium-sized particles and avoided both long and very fine particles. In addition, cows decreased their eating time per meal, but increased the number of meals per day, obviously attempting to decrease the amount of fermentable substrate per time unit while maintaining high levels of nutrient/energy intake. Although these changes during the moderate peNDF feeding went along with a lower diurnal variation of ruminal pH, feeding of the latter diet did not prevent ruminal pH drop and increased the level of all liver enzymes, indicating liver tissue damage. In conclusion, the altered eating, chewing, and sorting behaviour of the cows during the moderate peNDF feeding could not alleviate the deficiency in peNDF, which resulted in ruminal pH depression and impairment of liver health variables.
A Mathematical Model for Fingerprinting-based Localization Algorithms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A general theoretical framework for Fingerprinting Localization Algorithms (FPS), given their popularity, can be utilized for their performance studies. In this work, after setting up an abstract model for FPS, it is shown that fingerprinting-based localization problem can be cast as a hypothesis testing (HT) problem and therefore various results in HT literature can be used to provide insights, guidelines and performance bounds for general FPS. This framework results in characterization of scaling limits of localization reliability in terms of number of measurements and other environmental parameters. It is suggested that Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between probability distributions of selected feature for fingerprinting at different locations encapsulates information about both accuracy and latency and can be used as a central performance metric for studying FPS. Although developed for an arbitrary fingerprint, the framework is particularly used for studying simple Received Signal Strength (RSS)- based algorithm. The effect of various parameters on the performance of fingerprinting algorithms is discussed, which includes path loss and fading characteristics, number of measurements at each point, number of anchors and their position, and placement of training points. Representative simulations and experimentation are used to verify validity of the theoretical frameworks in realistic setups.
Correction to 2003 Proceedings: ESD Failure Signature Differences in the Devices Core Logic and Protection Structures—A Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For certain programmable logic type devices, the electrical, morphological and failure location differences in the ESD signatures between ICC failures and I/O leakage failures have been identified. Based on these electrical, morphological and physical failure signature locations, this case study confirms that distinctions can be made between the signatures associated with the likely stress modes for pin combinations like I/O-to-Vss, I/O-to-Vcc, I/O-to-I/O, Vssto- Vcc and Vcc-to-Vss. This separation also facilitated the correct identification of core failures which are mostly due to the supply-to-supply pin combination stress, but in some cases are due to the pin-to-supply tests.
Suppression of neointima formation by targeting β-catenin/TCF pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery disease is treated by vein grafting and stent implantation. Late vein graft failure and restenosis of stented arteries reduce the success rates of these approaches and are caused by neointima formation. We have previously shown that Wnt proteins are up-regulated during intimal thickening, and have speculated that these lead to activation of downstream genes with β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-responsive promoters. In the present study, we aimed to provide evidence that β-catenin/TCF signalling promotes neointima formation and assess whether targeting this pathway has potential for reducing neointima formation. We utilized a gene therapy approach selectively targeting cells in which the β-catenin/TCF pathway is activated by using a recombinant adenovirus Ad-TOPTK, which carries a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene under the control of a β-catenin/TCF-response promoter. Cells with activated β-catenin will therefore be selectively killed. Ad-TOPTK and ganciclovir (GCV) treatment significantly suppressed the growth of the neointima in a murine model of left carotid artery ligation. In summary, we demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signalling promotes neointima formation, by showing that the selective death of cells with activated β-catenin suppressed neointima formation. This highlights the therapeutic potential for reducing late vein graft failure and in-stent restenosis by targeting β-catenin/TCF signalling.
My approach to bowel ischaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Resections of ischaemic bowel are one of the most common pathology specimens yet are often viewed as unappealing and diagnostically unrewarding. This article serves to dispel both misconceptions. It also provides guidance on how clinical information, macroscopic handling and microscopic assessment—and especially the interlinking of all three—can maximise the diagnostic yield of these specimens. This diagnostic process requires recognition of the wide range of causes of intestinal ischaemia, including several more recently described entities. Pathologists should also be aware of when and why such causes cannot be discerned from a resected specimen and of how certain artefacts or differential diagnoses can mimic ischaemia.
Case of atypical retroperitoneal suppurative complication of acute appendicitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents a case of an occasional extraperitoneal suppurative complication of acute appendicitis due to atypical clinical manifestation and diagnostic complexity. A 56-year-old male was hospitalized to the urological emergency department of Emergency Hospital №2 in December, 2014, with low back pain suggestive of renal colic. Renal ultrasound revealed cavitary lesion with liquid content in right lumbar region. Pus was drawn off by tapping. Further on, the abcess was opened 6 times during 2 following years. X-ray computed tomography of abdomen showed that the apex of appendix was located in lumbar (Petit) hernia and communicated with purulent cavity. Planned appendectomy was performed on January, 10, 2017. Convalescence. Histological finding (11.01.2017) was simple appendicitis. The reported case is of clinical interest as a rare compication of acute appendicitis developed in appendix located in lumbar (Petit) hernia; X-ray computed tomography of the abdomen is the most informative instrumental method for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its complications.
Anti-Shear Reliability Analysis of Existing Pretension Prestressed Concrete Beam Bridges in the Corrosion Environment with Acid Rain

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Under the acid rain corrosion condition, the shear-bearing capacity of the pretension prestressed concrete beam will attenuate gradually with the stirrup corrosion and concrete deteriorate. Moreover, the stress corrosion cracking failure and the bond force degradation of the prestressed wires that caused by the aggravated corrosion mediator ingress will further increase the shear failure risk of the pretension prestressed concrete structure without any symptom. The paper presents a shear bearing capacity calculation model of the pretension prestressed concrete beam bridge and discuss the time-variation model of the stirrup corrosion considering the effective prestress attenuation under the acid rain corrosion condition. The analysis method on anti-shear reliability of existing pretension prestressed concrete beam bridges under the sodium sulfate corrosion condition is proposed then. The method will be used in the durability and safety evaluation of the shear-bearing capacity of the existing pretension prestressed concrete beam bridges in the corrosion environment with acid rain.