jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ockham's Supposed Elimination of Connotative Terms and His Ontological Parsimony

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Two of the best currently practising scholars of Ockham, Marilyn Adams and Paul Spade, seem to have accepted a reading of Ockham's ontological program which, although it contains much that is uncontroversially correct, attributes to Ockham a reductionist view that is on my interpretation of his works far too radical to be genuinely Ockham's. Their reading runs as follows. So far as entities go, Ockham accepts only particular substances and some particular qualities. Aristotle's categories, according to Ockham, are not 10 broad classes of radically different sorts of things, but rather are classes of non-complex terms arranged roughly according to the kinds of questions they can be used to answer. When we look at these terms we find that those in the category of substance and some in the category of quality are not definable by some longer expression synonymous with them but simply signify each of the members of a certain class of substances or qualities. These terms are said to be absolute. But other terms (some in the category of quality and all in the other categories, whether abstract or concrete) can either be replaced by a definition that is synonymous with the term defined or can be interpreted as making “exponible” the sentences in which they occur. These terms are all said to be connotative. It is in principle possible to reword all the sentences in which these connotative terms appear so that the only categorematic terms left are absolute terms from the categories of substance and quality.
Older Caregivers for Family Members With HIV or AIDS: Reasons for Caring

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study explored the experiences of 19 older women from minority communities who provided care to their children or adult relatives infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These caregivers felt that providing this care contributes significantly to their sense of identity. Most provided care because of their sense of personal commitment to caring for the individual in need or because they felt they were the best or only available source of care. The findings reveal a previously hidden group of aging family members who provide extensive support for people with HIV and AIDS while paying minimal attention to their own needs.
Esercizi di ricerca

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Can research today have a political and a transformative commitment? Can this become the engine of Welfare reforms at all levels and therefore a tool for social change? This collection addresses these and many other questions by collecting a wide variety of studies and research perspectives, while recounting the research paths of the Doctorate in Education and Psychology. The themes and configurations of this Program stands on one of the most promising tracks in the current transformation of Higher Education. Following the Ministerial Decree 226/2021, which has recognized the fundamental role played by PhD students in the building of an integrated Welfare, this volume shows how their work ties in with social needs and social concerns as well as it proposes efficient and effective solutions that are played out within different research fields.
Study of Natural Convection From a Vertical Wall with Extended Surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fins are often added to surfaces to enhance heat transmission through convection between the surface and the surrounding fluid. For a system to remain in a steady state, the heat passing through must be dispersed continuously to the environment, including solids, walls, or limits. In many engineering applications, there is a need to dissipate a large amount of heat from a small region. Fins expand a surface's usable area, which enhances convectional heat transmission. Straight fins come in two different shapes: rectangles and triangles. Among the two, triangular fins require less space but offer equal heat transmission compared to their rectangular counterparts, making them more desirable. Fins are useful because they provide maximum heat flow per unit mass while being easy to fabricate. For an air-cooled engine cylinder, rectangular and triangular fins are installed on the periphery to improve heat transfer. Heat transfer analysis is performed on the cylinder's surface temperature with varying temperatures ranging from 300°C to 350°C. The analysis involves comparing rectangular fins with other types of fins using density, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, and fin thickness as input parameters.
Nitrate-nitrogen losses to groundwater from rural and suburban land uses

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) losses to groundwater from septic systems, forests, home lawns, and urea- and manure-fertilized silage corn were quantified and compared during a 2-year study. The septic system and all silage corn treatments had annual flow-weighted concentrations of nitrate-N in excess of 10 mg/l for at least 1 of the 2 years. In contrast, forest and both fertilized and unfertilized home lawn treatments generated flow-weighted nitrate-N concentrations of less than 1.7 mg/l. Annual losses ranged from greater than 70 kg/ha of nitrate-N from silage com treatments to less than 1.5 kg/ha from unfertilized home lawns and forest. The results demonstrate the importance of unfertilized land use types in maintaining aquifer water quality; they also suggest that replacing production agriculture with unsewered residential development will not markedly reduce nitrate-N losses to groundwater.
Optimal Feature and Decision Tree-Based Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in Distributed Generation Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Penetration of distributed generation systems in conventional power systems leads to power quality (PQ) disturbances. This paper provides an improved PQ disturbances classification, which is associated with load changes and environmental factors. Various forms of PQ disturbances, including sag, swell, notch, and harmonics, are taken into account. Several features are obtained through hyperbolic S-transform, out of which the optimal features are selected using a genetic algorithm. These optimal features are used for PQ disturbances classification by employing support vector machines (SVMs) and decision tree (DT) classifiers. The study is supported by three different case studies, considering the experimental setup prototypes for wind energy and photovoltaic systems, as well as the modified Nordic 32-bus test system. The robustness and precision of DT and SWM are performed with noise and harmonics in the disturbance signals, thus providing comprehensive results.
An abbreviated review of deep learning-based image classification models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image classification is an extensively researched sub-fields of computer vision implemented in face recognition, self-driving, medical image segmentation, biological identification, and others. Traditional models of image classification require manual construction of feature extraction techniques and classification accuracy which are closely associated with these utilized techniques. During the rapid progress of multimedia technologies, the number of images that require classification got bigger, and this led to making image classification more complicated, hence, the manual construction of feature extraction techniques consumes more time and provides lower accuracy. In the recent decade, deep learning-based models have appeared in various applications. These models hold the merits of an effective extraction of image features, low-weight features filtering, a large capacity for processing, and higher classification speed and accuracy. Thus, lots of researchers have attempted to utilize deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image classification. Therefore, this paper concentrates on providing an abbreviated review of deep learning-based image classification models, by covering the recently utilized deep learning algorithms, comparing various related works and benchmark datasets mentioned in this paper, and summarizing the fundamental analysis and discussion.
Molecular Evolution of Hepatitis A Virus: a New Classification Based on the Complete VP1 Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus in the genus Hepatovirus in the family Picornaviridae . So far, analysis of the genetic variability of HAV has been based on two discrete regions, the VP1/2A junction and the VP1 N terminus. In this report, we determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the complete VP1 gene of 81 strains from France, Kosovo, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay and compared them with the sequences of seven strains of HAV isolated elsewhere. Overall strain variation in the complete VP1 gene was found to be as high as 23.7% at the nucleotide level and 10.5% at the amino acid level. Different phylogenetic methods revealed that HAV sequences form five distinct and well-supported genetic lineages. Within these lineages, HAV sequences clustered by geographical origin only for European strains. The analysis of the complete VP1 gene allowed insight into the mode of evolution of HAV and revealed the emergence of a novel variant with a 15-amino-acid deletion located on the VP1 region where neutralization escape mutations were found. This could be the first antigenic variant of HAV so far identified.
Tortula in North America North of Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

37. Tortula leucostoma (R. Br.) Hook. & Grev., Edinb. Journ. Sci. l: 294. 1824. (Barbula leucostoma R. Br., Suppl. to Append. Capt. Parry's Ist. Voyage ccxcviii. 1824; Zygotrichia leucostoma Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1: 521. 1826.) Although Tortula leucostoma is not even mentioned in such standard works on American bryology as Lesquereux and James Manual (1884) or Macoun's Catalogue of Canadian Plants (1892), it is nevertheless one of the first species of Musci to be described from Arctic America. The original material was collected by Captain Sabine on Melville Island, where Parry's First Voyage for the Discovery of a North-west Passage spent the winter of 1819-1820. Tortula leucostoma has been reported from the American Arctic Archipelago much more recently (Mitten 1878) from specimens collected in the northernmost part of Ellesmere Island by the Nares Expedition of 1875-1876. The proper systematic position of Barbula leucostoma caused contention for a half century, starting almost as soon as the species was described. A strange feature of the long-continued and often heated controversy is that so few of the participants examined original material. In the same year in which Brown published his Barbula leucostoma, Hooker and Greville (1824) transferred it to Tortula, in a review of that genus, but revealed that with this species, which Mr. Brown regards as intermediate between Barbula and Didymodon, we are entirely unacquainted. In the introduction to the same paper on Tortula, the authors pointedly remark: Bridel seems to have been peculiarly unfortunate in his account of the individuals belonging to this genus [in his Muscologia Recentiorum]; and we are much indebted to our friend Mr. Walker Arnott for his assistance in enabling us to refer the Bridelian species to their places of mere varieties, in this 76 THE BRYOLOGIST [June
Influences of Si and C addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe2.5CoNiCu high-entropy alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To evaluate the role of non-metallic element (Si and C) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Fe2.5CoNiCu high-entropy alloys (HEAs), two series of Fe2.5CoNiCuSix (x=0.1−0.3, molar fraction) and Fe2.5CoNiCuCx (x=0.15−0.4, molar fraction) HEAs were prepared by vacuum induction melting. The results show that the amounts of C and Si additions significantly stimulate the transformation of BCC/FCC dual phases into a single FCC structure, and the microstructural evolution appears to be more strongly influenced by the C addition. The Fe2.5CoNiCuSi0.2 HEA presents high hardness (HV 439.5) and tensile strength (868 MPa), which is attributed to the solution strengthening and grain refinement effect. Both the hardness and strength of Fe2.5CoNiCuCx HEAs increase with the addition of C, due to the formation of carbides and solution strengthening. This demonstrates that adding non-metallic element (C or Si) is a viable approach for enhancing the strength and hardness of HEAs.
Communion between the patron saint and his city. 1700th anniversary of the martyrdom of Dubrovnik's patron saint

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

„Zajednistvo Parca i njegova grada“ – naziv je prigodne zbirke propovijedi koje su izrecene 2016. godine u crkvi sv. Vlaha u Dubrovniku. Rijec je o propovijedima trodnevne priprave za svetkovinu sv. Vlaha 30. i 31. sijecnja i 1. veljace te na samu svetkovinu dubrovackoga zastitnika 3. veljace. Te 2016. godine u Dubrovniku se slavila 1700. obljetnica mucenicke smrti sv. Vlaha, 600 godina Zakona o zabrani trgovanja robljem, 300 godina od obnove crkve sv. Vlaha i 800 godina dominikanskoga reda.
Party-building on the Heels of War: El Salvador, Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To succeed, democracy building in post-conflict situations requires political parties to be both competent and committed to the democratic rules of the game. Former belligerents tend to dominate. This article investigates how contextual factors and more particularly the institutional framework in which a party operates affect internal organizational dynamics, and how these in turn affect the challenges that adaptation to democratic politics pose to party leaders. It examines the nested games played by party leaders as they struggle to retain control of their parties and compete with other parties for political power. The analysis focuses on cases drawn from El Salvador, Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique, and shows how inter-party competition shapes the identities, priorities, tactics and strategies, which in turn affect the prospects for democratization. The role of international actors in influencing both processes and outcomes in these situations must also be taken into account, especially where democratization is viewed as a means to the end of establishing peace and not simply as goal in its own right.
Sodium Hypochlorite Accidentally Extruded Beyond the Apical Foramen

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is routinely used as an endodontic irrigant to clean and disinfect the root canal system. Although it is generally believed safety, the tissue toxicity of NaOCl cannot be ignored. This report describes two cases of accidental extrusion of sodium hypochlorite solution into the periradicular tissues during root canal instrumentation. The literatures were reviewed to explore possible etiologies and possible complications. Diagnostic criteria for sodium hypochlorite accidents and strategies to mitigate the risk are also suggested.
Insights into structural features of HDAC1 and its selectivity inhibition elucidated by Molecular dynamic simulation and Molecular Docking

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of proteins whose main function is the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues located on histone and non-histone substrates, which regulates gene transcription and other activities in cells. HDAC1 dysfunction has been implicated in cancer development and progression; thus, its inhibition has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. Two additional metal binding sites (Site 1 and Site 2) in HDACs have been described that are primarily occupied by potassium ions, suggesting a possible structural role that affects HDAC activity. In this work, we explored the structural role of potassium ions in Site 1 and Site 2 and how they affect the interactions of compounds with high affinities for HDAC1 (AC1OCG0B, Chlamydocin, Dacinostat and Quisinostat) and SAHA (a pan-inhibitor) using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in concert with a Molecular-Mechanics-Generalized-Born-Surface-Area (MMGBSA) approach. Four models were generated: one with a potassium ion (K+) in both sites (HDAC1k), a second with K+ only at site 1 (HDAC1ks1), a third with K+ only at site 2 (HDAC1ks2) and a fourth with no K+ (HDAC1wk). We found that the presence or absence of K+ not only impacted the structural flexibility of HDAC1, but also its molecular recognition, consistent with experimental findings. These results could therefore be useful for further structure-based drug design studies addressing new HDAC1 inhibitors.
On the first Zagreb index of graphs with Self-Loops

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

AbstractSome of the most comprehensively studied degree-based topological indices are the Zagreb indices. The first Zagreb index [Formula: see text] of a graph G is defined as the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices. Let [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be the graph obtained from the simple graph G, by attaching a self-loop to each of its vertices belonging to X. In this article, some sharp bounds for the first Zagreb index of graphs with self-loops using various parameters has been put forward.
Applying graphic design terms to image tagging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes key findings from research into the application of graphic design terms to the task of tagging images for later retrieval. The research was motivated by the needs of creative industries in interacting with large image collections, with particular emphasis given to the need for retrieval of imagery using loosely defined visual properties rather than exact match queries based on image subject or similarity. A set of terms chosen from design literature are presented and discussed together with experimental results from testing carried out on students and practitioners of graphic design. Ultimately the tested terms are found to be relatively well understood, though they do not appear to support a high degree of precision.
Coping-Related Themes in Cancer Stories of Young Finnish Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Coping was expressed in terms of identity, context and practices in the life stories of 16 young adults with cancer. Religion functioned as part of the process within each of these three dimensions of coping. By utilizing K. I. Pargament's studies of religious coping and R. Ganzevoort's formulation of narrative religious coping, the article focuses on the descriptions of religion in the coping process of young adults with cancer. The results show that the Finnish Lutheran metanarrative still has an impact. However, theoretical adjustments must be made in order to understand these young adults' accounts of religion and its significance.
The Level of Ability of Basic Backhand Short Serve Techniques in Badminton Learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of students to perform a short backhand serve in badminton learning. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method using measurements and tests used in data collection. The population of this study were all third-level students at STKIP Pasundan with a total of 300 and sampling using cluster random sampling with a total of 45 people. The results of the study were 12 people in the excellent category with a total percentage of 27%, while 31 people got the good category with a percentage of 69% and 2 people got the less category with a total percentage of 4%..
Determinants of Juvenile Postadjudication Dispositions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes six variables-two legal variables (number of past of fenses, committing offense), two extralegal variables (age, race), and two Diagnostic and Evaluation (D&E) Center variables (behavior rating, IQ)- thought to affect the postadjudication disposition of juveniles, in particular, their placement in either a group home or an institutional setting. The data used in this study were gathered from completed case histories on 133 random ly sampled male juveniles processed over a six-month period by a department of youth services (DYS) facility in a southern state. Regression analysis demonstrates that D&E behavior rating, number of past offenses, age, and committing offense were significant determinants of postadjudication disposition. The variables race and IQ, while having a signifi cant simple correlation with type of disposition, are found to be nonsignificant when the other independent factors are controlled. It is also shown through an interaction analysis that the multiplicative term of number of past offenses x committing offense was an important factor in the juvenile's disposition. It appears that the D&E Center avoided allowing race, an extralegal fac tor, to influence dispositions following adjudication. The primary determinants are similar to those found in the literature concerning other stages of disposi tion. If race as an extralegal variable does influence the treatment of an adoles cent in the juvenile justice system, it does so in the earlier stages of the process.
Mortality-related factors in patients with OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales constitute a serious public health threat; however, information on the oxacilinasa (OXA-48)-type is limited. The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with 14-day mortality for patients with bacteremia due to OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae . We conducted a retrospective, single-center observational study of adult patients with K. pneumoniae bacteremia, classifying the strains as carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CSKp) and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKp). All of the CRKp strains were the OXA-48-type. The study included 202 cases of bacteremia: 114 due to CSKp and 88 due to CRKp. The clinical cure rate was higher for the patients with CSKp (85% vs 69% for CSKp and CRKp, respectively; P = .010), while the 14-day mortality rate was lower (13% vs 30%, P = .005). An INCREMENT-CPE score ≥7 (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.50–6.25, P = .002) was the only independent factor associated with 14-day mortality for the patients with Klebsiella spp. bacteremia. Other factors related to 14-day mortality were a rapidly fatal prognosis (McCabe) (HR 7.1, 95% CI 2.75–18.37, P < .001), dementia (HR 5.9, 95% CI 2.0–7.43, P = .001), and a high-risk source of infection (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.06–6.82, P = .038). The most important factors associated with 14-day mortality for the patients with K. pneumoniae bacteremia was an INCREMENT-CPE score ≥7, dementia, a McCabe score indicating a rapidly fatal prognosis and a high-risk source of infection. We found no relationship between a poorer outcome and CRKp isolation or inadequate antibiotic therapy.