jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
803 Management of An Intra-Oral Resection with Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template – Worth A Bite?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction There are a spectrum of treatment options available for reconstruction of oral mucosal defects including secondary healing, skin grafts, local flaps and microvascular free flaps. We present the use of an alternative intra-oral reconstruction with Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template. Case Report An 85-year-old patient with a severe gag reflex and history of oral cancer presented with biopsy proven severe dysplasia of the right palate extending to the hamular notch. She was treated with wide local excision, extraction of teeth, buccal fat pad advancement for closure of an oral-antral communication and placement of Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template. Discharge was possible the same day as the patient was able to eat and had minimal pain. Discussion Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template is a bilayer wound matrix consisting of silicone in the outer layer with bovine collagen and glycosaminoglycan from shark cartilage in the inner layer. Oral cancer predominantly affects the older population, and this method can reduce surgical time, remove donor site pain, reduce post-operative pain and avoid use of a cover plate where a strong gag reflex was present. The area heals quickly and aids quick restoration of oral function. Conclusion Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template has been used for head and neck defects with good outcomes. It is being increasingly used intra-orally with good outcomes, suggesting a further application of the material with advantages over traditional techniques in specific patient groups.
The homology of permutation racks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Despite a blossoming of research activity on racks and their homology for over two decades, with a record of diverse applications to central parts of contemporary mathematics, there are still very few examples of racks whose homology has been fully calculated. In this paper, we compute the entire integral homology of all permutation racks. Our method of choice involves homotopical algebra, which was brought to bear on the homology of racks only recently. For our main result, we establish a spectral sequence, which reduces the problem to one in equivariant homology, and for which we show that it always degenerates. The blueprint given in this paper demonstrates the high potential for further exploitation of these techniques.
On the Estimation of Parameters and Best Model Fits of Log Linear Model for Contingency Table

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we proposed the generalized method and algorithms developed for estimation of parameters and best model fits of log linear model for n-dimensional contingency table.For purpose of this work, the method was used to provide parameter estimates of log-linear model for three-dimensional contingency table.In estimating parameter estimates and best model fit, computer programs in R were developed for the implementation of the algorithms.The iterative proportional fitting procedure was used to find the parameter estimates and goodness of fits of the log linear model.Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) were used to check the adequacy of the model of the best fit.Secondary data were used for illustration and the result obtained showed that the best model fit for three-dimensional contingency table had a gene-rating class: [CA, AB].This showed that the best model fit had sufficient evidence to fit the data without loss of information.This model also revealed that breed was independent of chick loss given age.The best model in harmony with the hierarchy principle is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Log ijk C i A j B k CA ij AB jk m =+ + + + + µ µ µ µ µ µ .
How chance explains

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract What explains the outcomes of chance processes? We claim that their setups do. Chances, we think, mediate these explanations of outcome by setup but do not feature in them. Facts about chances do feature in explanations of a different kind: higher‐order explanations, which explain how and why setups explain their outcomes. In this paper, we elucidate this 'mediator view' of chancy explanation and defend it from a series of objections. We then show how it changes the playing field in four metaphysical disputes concerning chance. First, it makes it more plausible that even low chances can have explanatory power. Second, it undercuts a circularity objection against reductionist theories of chance. Third, it redirects the debate about a prominent argument against epistemic theories of chance. Finally, it sheds light on potential chancy explanations of the Universe's origin.
Syntheses with Carotenoids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This chapter presents selected examples of syntheses with carotenoids which includes the reaction of two different carotenoids with each other, that is, the esterification of carotenoid diacid bixin with carotenoid diol lutein to luteindibixinate and reaction of a carotenoid with a noncarotenoid substance: Wittig olefination of C50:19 carotenedial with 2 mol of C15:3 phosphonium salt to extended zeaxanthin C80:27. Several syntheses with carotenoids merit veritable admiration, such as the manufacture of molecular wires and of light-harvesting molecules. Carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene derivatives represent definitely the most imaginative compounds synthesized with carotenoids. The practical limitations of "syntheses with carotenoids" are evident. Syntheses with carotenoids require sufficient supply. Eleven carotenoids are marketed in kilograms or tonnes: ß-carotene 6, C30-ester 13, astaxanthin 18, C30-aldehyde 25, citranaxanthin 52, canthaxanthin 57, zeaxanthin 60, lutein, and lycopene, as well as bixin and crocetin.
Tether-scanning the kinesin motor domain reveals a core mechanical action

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Natural kinesin motors are tethered to their cargoes via short C-terminal or N-terminal linkers, whose docking against the core motor domain generates directional force. It remains unclear whether linker docking is the only process contributing directional force or whether linker docking is coupled to and amplifies an underlying, more fundamental force-generating mechanical cycle of the kinesin motor domain. Here, we show that kinesin motor domains tethered via double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) attached to surface loops drive robust microtubule (MT) gliding. Tethering using dsDNA attached to surface loops disconnects the C-terminal neck-linker and the N-terminal cover strand so that their dock–undock cycle cannot exert force. The most effective attachment positions for the dsDNA tether are loop 2 or loop 10, which lie closest to the MT plus and minus ends, respectively. In three cases, we observed minus-end-directed motility. Our findings demonstrate an underlying, potentially ancient, force-generating core mechanical action of the kinesin motor domain, which drives, and is amplified by, linker docking.
Opinion evolution under mass media influence on the Barabasi–Albert network based on the q-voter model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study numerically the dynamics of opinion formation under the influence of mass media using the q-voter model on a Barabasi–Albert network. We investigate the scenario where a voter adopts the mass media’s opinion with a probability p when there is no unanimity among a group of q agents. Through numerical simulation, we identify a critical probability threshold, [Formula: see text], at which the system consistently reaches complete consensus. This threshold probability [Formula: see text] decreases as the group size q increases, following a power-law relation [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. Additionally, we analyze the system’s relaxation time, the time required to reach a complete consensus state. This relaxation time increases with the population size N, following a power-law [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. Conversely, an increase in the probability p results in a decrease in relaxation time following a power-law relationship [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]. The value of the exponent [Formula: see text] is similar to the exponents obtained in the voter and q-voter models across various network topologies.
Seasonal allergic symptoms due to fungal spores.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An infant of 1200 g with the leading edge of a shortened electrode mat inserted under her right side and lying on an apnoea mattress.give rise to a false alarm unless the electrode is reduced in size and inserted so that it makes direct contact only with one side of the infant, leaving his other side lying directly on the apnoea mattress (as in the figure).When monitoring during transport, the electrode mat was connected to a battery powered ECG monitort which performed well and without inter- ference during ambulance travel.Recent reviews from two centres indicate the great value of continuous heart rate monitoring during transfer.4 5Adequate observation during transit is difficult for many reasons: background noise renders heart and breath sounds inaudible and vibration obscures respiratory movement and accurate palpation of pulses.Bradycardia is an extremely important sign in any sick newborn infant, and particularly during transport, when a high proportion of babies (49 %) have endotracheal tubes in situ.5 Here, early recognition of bradycardia provides immediate warning of accidental extubation or similar impending problems.Because the mat warmed quickly in the incubator infants were placed naked on the electrode and then wrapped round with warm blankets.Continuous monitoring ensures better protection from heat loss as no part of the infant need be left exposed for observation of respiratory movement or skin colour.In both babies transported a small rise in rectal temperature occurred during the journey. ConclusionThis electrode mat is not intended to replace conventional electrodes.Nevertheless, it has great advantages of speed and ease of insertion, lack of trauma and minimal disturbance, together with the benefits of simplified monitoring during transport.No important problems were encountered provided the mat was reduced in size for small infants and excessive movement did not occur.We suggest that wider use of this electrode mat could simplify ECG and heart rate monitoring.We are grateful to Dr G Katz and Dr K Norton for allowing us to study their patients and for the interest and care given to these infants by the medical and nursing staff of the units concerned.
[Induction and release of manganese superoxide dismutase caused by tumor necrosis factor-alpha from mitochondria in human umbilical vein endothelial cells].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) and five cancer cell lines, A549, ME180, A2780, KURAMOCHI, and Hela, were compared. While A549, A2780, KURAMOCHI, and Hela cells were fairly resistant to the cytolytic effects of TNF-alpha, ME180 cells were sensitive. EC were also less sensitive to TNF-alpha than ME180 cells as judged by the viability of individual cells and by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was markedly induced by these cytokines in EC and in A549 cells but not in ME180 cells. The levels of Mn-SOD in the conditioned medium of EC were dramatically increased after stimulation with cytokines, whereas those in ME180 and A549 cells were relatively low. The amount of Mn-SOD released appears to be comparable to that from cells lysed by other means. Immunoblot analysis of Mn-SOD in the medium showed that the molecular mass of the immunoreactive protein was the same as mitochondrial Mn-SOD, indicating that no proteolysis had occurred. These data suggest that in vivo the TNF-alpha produced by cancer cells may induce Mn-SOD in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in release of a relatively large amount of this protein into the serum.
Alcohol Consumption and Current Situation of Drinking Risk Level Among University Students in Mandalay Region

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In Myanmar, alcohol consump on among university students had been recognized as a major pub- lic health concern. A cross-sec onal study was done to inves gate drinking alcohol and risk level assessment using the Alcohol Use Disorder Iden fica on Test (AUDIT) and examined the reasons of alcohol uses and types of beverage preference consumed. Methods: The two universi es from three districts in Mandalay region were randomly selected, from which 976 students (stra fied by academic year and sex) were contributed in self-administered ques onnaire. Results: The mean age at first drinking alcohol among the par cipants was 16.36±0.15 years with range of 16 to 19 years. The drinking risk level assessment using the AUDIT test, nearly half of the par cipants 48.7% were abstainers and 86 (8.8%) were high risk drinkers while 28 (2.9%) had alcohol dependency. Among those, 57.8% had experiences of alcohol drinking and the favorite beverage of the university students who drink alcohol was beer. Binary logis c regression analysis indicated that gender, smoking habit and living situa on for drinking were significant predictors of alcohol consump on among university students. The results found out that living separately with parents and smoking habits were important factors for drinking alcohol with sta s cally signifi- cant at 95% confidence level. Conclusion: It provided evidence-based findings for knowing the alcohol consump on risk level among univer- sity students to prevent social depriva on and health risk behaviors. Findings from this study indicate a need for law governing, strictly prohibits the sale of alcohol directly or indirectly to those under the age of eighteen years. The alcohol interven on program can be helpful in modifying behaviors change communica on in health promo on of university students.
Detecting spammer and fake user on social networks using machine learning approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The fake users play a significant role in social media. The Spammer's messages are similar to non-spam messages. There are several waysto distinguish fake and genuine online media users. However, detecting malicious messages are still a challenging problem. The proposed method is a machine learning based approach to distinguish fake users that could delude individuals. The dataset has been collected and preprocessed. The preprocessing is carried out by the python libraries. The examination model is obtainedfrom the preprocessing. The distinguish matrix is designed by using the examination model. The machine learning is employed in the process. The machine learning algorithm includes Random Forest, Neural Network and Support Vector Machines are utilized for the identification of fakeusers. The results are recorded and analyzed. The presented method is yielded 87.34% accuracy in detecting the fake users for the defined environment.
Motivators That Do Not Motivate: The Case of Chinese EFL Learners and the Influence of Culture on Motivation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Language learning motivation plays an important role in both research and teaching, yet language learners are still largely understood in terms of North American and European cultural values. This research explored language learning motivation constructs in a Chinese cultural setting, where large numbers of students are required to study English. In Taiwan, 567 language learners responded to a survey concerning motivation orientation, expectancy, and self-evaluated skill. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to explore potential relationships within the framework of the process model. Expectancy was found to be an intervening construct between motivation orientations and self-evaluated skill. The strongest link to expectancy was the required motivation, with the integrative motivation playing no significant role. The context of these findings is discussed in relation to Chinese cultural and educational history and a proposed motivator— the Chinese Imperative. Implications for teaching practice are explained, including the need to reconsider motivation constructs within nonWestern cultural settings.
Popet Mascotas – Plan de Marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This Master’s Final Project consists of a Marketing Plan that it has been made for pet products and accessories Online Shop “Popet Mascotas. This Marketing Plan focuses on establish bases about targets, strategies and actions to be taken during first year virtual shop activity (August 2015 – August 2016), as well as to set actions that allows to know dates and marked performance Plan terms. A big research has been done about actual Spanish E-Commerce situation and, in turn, about branches that it shows several movements in recent times, that it has been this investigation very relevant to put this into context and situate E-Commerce in actual moment. Another positive development has been to check costs about Spanish citizenship when they make online shopping, that is because a positive side that helps to situate E-Shop in that sector and with a concrete starting point. About Marketing Plan results it can be noted that it is allowed to achieve specific and ambitious targets during a specific lapse of time, to quantify and detail budget issues destinated to all marketing actions that we are going to perform and to know inversion comeback that we have to foresee during first year activity. In conclusion, it can be mentioned that this Master’s Final Project, based on a Marketing Plan, is going to be very useful to the enterprise “Popet Mascotas” and specially to start-up put it into operation because it establishes a working method to achieve concrete goals.
About “Superluminal” Propagation of Electromagnetic Pulse in a Resonance-Absorbing Gas Medium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on the direct calculation of the Fourier integral and without simplifying assumptions, an analysis of the process of propagation of terahertz pulses from the hat-shaped envelope and the Van Bladel envelope through a layer of a resonantly absorbing medium described by the Drude-Lorentz model is made. It is shown that until the end of the time interval prescribed by Maxwell's equations, there is no radiation at the exit from the layer. In other words: the Fourier integral does not contain the effect of "superluminal" propagation of an electromagnetic pulse through a resonantly absorbing medium. An alternative interpretation of the shift to the beginning of the pulse of the maximum of the envelope of the radiation emerging from the layer at small optical depths (~ 1) of the layer on the pulse carrier is proposed.
Cre-assisted fine-mapping of neural circuits using orthogonal split inteins

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Existing genetic methods of neuronal targeting do not routinely achieve the resolution required for mapping brain circuits. New approaches are thus necessary. Here, we introduce a method for refined neuronal targeting that can be applied iteratively. Restriction achieved at the first step can be further refined in a second step, if necessary. The method relies on first isolating neurons within a targeted group (i.e. Gal4 pattern) according to their developmental lineages, and then intersectionally limiting the number of lineages by selecting only those in which two distinct neuroblast enhancers are active. The neuroblast enhancers drive expression of split Cre recombinase fragments. These are fused to non-interacting pairs of split inteins, which ensure reconstitution of active Cre when all fragments are expressed in the same neuroblast. Active Cre renders all neuroblast-derived cells in a lineage permissive for Gal4 activity. We demonstrate how this system can facilitate neural circuit-mapping in Drosophila.
IMAGING IN CARDIOLOGY Coronary anomaly diagnosed by computed tomography coronary angiography in a patient with atypical chest pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 64-year-old man was evaluated for atypical chest pain that was present during transurethral prostatectomy. He had no risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), no prior history of ischaemic heart disease and had not experienced any symptoms of chest pain during exercise before. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) was performed to exclude CAD. CTCA (Fig. 1) showed a normal right coronary artery (RCA). An aberrant circumflex coronary artery (Cx) originated from the right coronary sinus and followed a benign retro-aortic course. A small coronary artery originated from the left coronary sinus and followed an anterolateral course. An anomalous left coronary artery originated from the right coronary sinus and followed an interarterial course between the aortic root
Locke's Ontology of Relations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke’s primary aim is to provide an empiricist theory of ideas that can support interesting results about the nature of language and knowledge. Within this theory, Locke distinguishes between simple ideas and complex ideas (E II.ii.1: 119). Roughly, an idea is complex if it has other ideas as parts; otherwise, it is simple. For Locke, as is well known, all simple ideas derive from sensation (perception through sight, taste, smell, hearing, or touch) or reflection (a form of introspection directed at mental acts) (E II.i.2–4: 104–106). Aetiology also plays a role in Locke’s classification of complex ideas: ideas of modes, ideas of substances, and ideas of relations. All complex ideas are formed by a voluntary act of combination or composition. Ideas of modes, such as numbers, beauty, and theft (E II.xii.5: 165) are formed without considering whether the combinations conform to real patterns existing in the world (E II.xi.6: 158, E II.xxii.1: 288, E II.xxxi.3: 376). Ideas of substances (such as human beings, sheep, and armies—E II.xii.6: 165), by contrast, are formed with a desire ‘to copy Things, as they really do exist’ (E II.xxxi.3: 377). Ideas of relations are like ideas of modes (E II.xxxi.14: 383–84), except that their aetiology includes, in addition to the mental act of composition, the distinct mental act of comparison on the basis of some respect or dimension (E II.xi.4: 157, E II.xxv.1: 319).
The Cricket Cercal System Implements Delay-Line Processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The cercal sensory system of crickets mediates sensitivity to low-amplitude air currents. The sense organ for this system is a pair of antenna-like abdominal appendages called cerci, each of which is about 1 cm long in normal adult crickets. Although this system has been used extensively as a model system for studying the mechanisms underlying neural coding at the cellular and system levels, no previous studies have considered the functional significance of the physical dimensions of cerci. We show that the differential conduction characteristics of the receptor array in Acheta domesticus crickets are of substantial significance. All filiform sensory afferent axons we examined had the same propagation speeds to within a small variance, resulting in a significant and systematic differential propagation time for spikes from sensory receptors at different locations along the structure. Thus the sensory structures operate as delay lines. The delay-line structure supports neural computations in many of the projecting cercal interneurons (INs) that yield substantial differential sensitivity to the direction and velocity of naturalistic stimuli. Several INs show delay-line-derived sensitivities that are equivalent, in an engineering sense, to “notch filtering,” through which background noise is selectively eliminated by the delay-line-based processing.