jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the (in)effectiveness of LTV regulation in a multiconstraint framework

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Models in the macro-housing literature often assume that borrowers are constrained exclusively by the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. I explore an alternative arrangement where borrowers are constrained by the feasibility of repayment, but choose a house of maximum permissible size conditional on the LTV restriction. This assumption, which is arguably more consistent with mortgage lending practices in countries with multiple borrowing constraints, yields results that disagree with much of the existing literature. In particular, I find that policy designed to lower the maximum permissible LTV ratio may actually increase house prices in equilibrium and leave the debt-to-GDP ratio unchanged. I use the DSGE model to study the macroprudential policies in a multiconstrained framework. The proposed model will change some of the conclusions about the effectiveness of macroprudential policies in countries like Sweden, where borrowers face multiple borrowing constraints at the same time.
[Myocardial protection and mechanism of Puerarin Injection on patients of coronary heart disease with ischemia/reperfusion].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PI could protect the myocardium in 2-3 days after ischemia reperfusion, one of the possible reasons is that PI can simulate the late phase of ischemic preconditioning, which may be related to its effect in lowering plasma vWF:Ag and ET-1, and increasing the serum NO content.
Use of elastin like polymer (VPAVG)220 fusion TAGS for recombinant protein, production and purification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One of the major challenges to the economical preparation of biomedical and biotechnological recombinant proteins today resides in the availability of an efficient production and purification protocol. Some proteins may not lend themselves to effective purification or may require expensive and cumbersome multistep chromatographic protocols. On the other hand, use of synthetically produced protein based polymer fusion tags can allow for simplified, cost effective purification procedures and may also permit increased protein solubility, improved protein folding and/or increased protein production. We have developed an elastin-like polymer (ELP) inspired by the mammalian elastin structure which consists of 220 repetitions of the pentapeptide VPAVG (V – valine; P – proline; A – alanine; G – glycine). This ELP presents a thermoresponsive behavior, which can be modulated by salt addition, as well as a high solubility which may be used as tools for efficient protein production and purification. Objective: to demonstrate the potential of (VPAVG)220 as a tool for the simplified production and purification of recombinant proteins Two high-value biomedical proteins: the antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) have been chosen as model proteins for this study. ABP-CM4 (3,8 KDa) is an alpha-helical peptide from Bombyx mori whose toxicity to the bacterial expression host and small size encumbers purification. BMP-2 (14,7 KDa) is a cytokine that triggers the development of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and is frequently insoluble when recombinantly produced. The biopolymer tag VPAVG was fused to the C-terminus of both proteins with the inclusion of a formic acid cleavage site. Protein production was carried out in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3+) and purification was achieved by simple repetitive heating/cooling and centrifugation cycles. Formic acid treatment allowed tag removal and obtention of soluble proteins. Cleaved and non-cleaved BMP-2 were evaluated for cytotoxicity in C2C12 cell lines and cleaved ABP-CM4 was tested for its antimicrobial activity. Future studies involve further investigation of the activity of these recombinantly produced proteins. This study demonstrates the potential of using biopolymer fusion tags for the production and simplified purification of recombinant proteins.
IMPACT OF REMITTANCES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE ROLE OF OPENNESS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the empirical relationship between remittances and economic growth for a sample of 62 developing countries over the time period .Remittances seem to promote growth only in the 'more open' countries.The study uses a variety of indicators of 'openness' to test the hypothesis that openness of a country increases the growth effects of remittances.The finding, remittances lead to higher growth in open countries, is robust regardless of how 'openness' is defined.Conversely, no significant effect of remittances on growth could be detected in the case of 'less open' countries.That is because remittances are in themselves not sufficient for growth.The extent of the benefit depends on domestic institutions and macroeconomic environment in the receiving country.Unlike the 'less open' countries, 'more open' countries have better institutions and better financial markets to take advantage of the remittances income and channelise them into profitable investments which, in turn, accelerates the rate of economic growth in these countries.
Small snails in a big place: a radiation in the semi-arid rangelands in northern Australia (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae,Nanotrachia gen. nov.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Köhler, Frank, Criscione, Francesco (2013): Small snails in a big place: a radiation in the semi-arid rangelands in northern Australia (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae, Nanotrachia gen. nov.). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 169 (1): 103-123, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12051, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12051
Molecular Dynamics: A Study on Slip, Drops, and Graphene

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computational tool used to study physical systems by modeling the atomic-scale interactions between atoms. MD can accurately predict the properties of materials where models are well developed. For new materials, models may be in their early stages and may lack the ability to produce accurate results; however, MD can still provide insight into the physical properties of these new materials. This thesis will use MD to study two different systems. First, the Lennard-Jones (L-J) liquid is used to study how the intrinsic slip lengths of atomic sized surfaces add to produce an effective slip of a larger surface made up of these atomic constituents. The results show that the effective slip of a surface is dominated by its smallest slip, and these results show good agreement with a theory that predicts effective slip given the intrinsic slip and roughness of a surface. The L-J model is also used to investigate the rolling and sliding motion of viscous drops on super-hydrophobic surfaces. The effects of drop size, slip length, and gravity on drop velocities are investigated, and a model that predicts drop speed given the characteristics of a drop and a surface is proposed. The model shows good agreement with simulation results, especially for certain regimes. Second, graphene is studied with MD using various atomistic models. The energies of layers of graphene are reproduced using an Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential, and the energies required to exfoliate graphene from crystal graphite and nickel nano-particles are calculated. The calculations from MD show good agreement with literature and experiment, and these results demonstrate how simple models in MD can produce useful results to aid research and experiment. Finally, the formation of nano-bubbles in graphene grown on platinum is studied using the AIREBO and L-J potentials. The basic formation of graphene nano-bubbles is demonstrated by compressing the edges of graphene flakes. The simulations highlight the importance of proper boundary conditions, such as atom pinning, in order to produce tall, smooth nano-bubbles. The results also suggest that accurate models will be required to effectively demonstrate bubble formation.</p>
Fiscal incentives and direct foreign investment in less developed countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study found no support for the belief by the governments of most less developed countries (LDCs) that the provision of fiscal incentives is necessary to attract direct foreign investment and that the greater the generosity of these incentive programmes the greater would be the level of such investment. What mattered were the presence of natural resources and a proven record of economic performance. The provision of incentives could not compensate for the absence of either of these two factors. The study is a cross‐sectional one of 27 LDCs for the period 1965–73.
Waiting to Default: The Value of Delay

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the opportunity for early termination of a mortgage contract. We consider the possibility of defaulting on the property and explore the rules that are used by a value‐maximizing borrower in exercising this option to default. The discussion centers on the value of waiting to make such a decision and the consequences of this rational inertia. We show that the observed delay in default usually attributed to transaction costs can instead be explained as entirely rational choice in a dynamic environment.
Dielectric Anomalies in Silicon Single Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dielectric constant κ′ and dielectric loss κ″ of Si single crystals with resistivities 12.5, 1000, and 16 000 Ω·cm were measured in the frequency range 103 to 109 cps at temperatures from 4.2°K to 300°K. The dielectric constant at 300°K decreases with frequency and reaches a constant value of 12 above 107 cps. The dielectric loss decreases linearly with frequency in the whole frequency range. The variation of dielectric constant and loss with temperature shows a sharp conductivity-dependent jump at 25°K. Below 25°K the dielectric constant and loss reach constant values. The value of the dielectric constant below 25°K corresponds to the square of refractive index. Between 30° and 80°K the dielectric constant reaches a frequency-independent plateau. The height of the plateau depends on the conductivity of the sample. Above 80°K the dielectric constant is frequency-dependent and increases exponentially with temperature. The irregular variation of dielectric properties is correlated to the formation and trapping of charge carriers.
Expression and biological significance of Ca 2+ ‐activated ion channels in human keratinocytes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In whole‐cell recordings from HaCaT keratinocytes, ATP, bradykinin, and histamine caused a biphasic change of the membrane potential consisting of an initial transient depolarization, followed by a pronounced and long‐lasting hyperpolarization. Flash photolysis of caged IP 3 mimicked the agonist‐induced voltage response, suggesting that intracellular Ca 2+ release and subsequent opening of Ca 2+ ‐activated ion channels serve as the common transduction mechanism. In contrast, cAMP‐ and PKC‐dependent pathways were not involved in the electrophysiological effects of the extracellular signaling molecules. The depolarization was predominantly mediated by a DIDS‐ and niflumic acid‐sensitive Cl − current, whereas a charybdotoxin‐ and clotrimazole‐sensitive K + current underlay the prominent hyperpolarization. Consistent with the electrophysiological data, RT‐PCR showed that HaCaT keratinocytes express two types of Ca 2+ ‐activated Cl − channels, CaCC2 and CaCC3 (CLCA2), as well as the Ca 2+ ‐activated K + channel hSK4. That the pronounced hSK4‐mediated hyperpolarization bears significance on the growth and differentiation properties of keratinocytes is suggested by RNase protection assays showing that hSK4 mRNA expression is strongly down‐regulated under conditions that allow keratinocyte differentiation. hSK4 might thus play a role in linking changes in membrane potential to the biological fate of keratinocytes.—Koegel, H., Alzheimer, C. Expression and biological significance of Ca 2+ ‐activated ion channels in human keratinocytes. FASEB J. 15, 145–154 (2001)
Local Axisymmetric Diffusive Stability of Weakly-Magnetized, Differentially-Rotating, Stratified Fluids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the local stability of stratified, differentially-rotating fluids to axisymmetric perturbations in the presence of a weak magnetic field and of finite resistivity, viscosity and heat conductivity. This is a generalization of the Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke (GSF) double-diffusive analysis to the magnetized and resistive, triple-diffusive case. Our fifth-order dispersion relation admits a novel branch which describes a magnetized version of multi-diffusive modes. We derive necessary conditions for axisymmetric stability in the inviscid and perfect-conductor (double-diffusive) limits. In each case, rotation must be constant on cylinders and angular velocity must not decrease with distance from the rotation axis for stability, irrespective of the relative strength of viscous, resistive and heat diffusion. Therefore, in both double-diffusive limits, solid body rotation marginally satisfies our stability criteria. The role of weak magnetic fields is essential to reach these conclusions. The triple-diffusive situation is more complex, and its stability criteria are not easily stated. Numerical analysis of our general dispersion relation confirms our analytic double-diffusive criteria, but also shows that an unstable double-diffusive situation can be significantly stabilized by the addition of a third, ostensibly weaker, diffusion process. We describe a numerical application to the Sun's upper radiative zone and establish that it would be subject to unstable multi-diffusive modes if moderate or strong radial gradients of angular velocity were present.
A mediation Study: The effect of self-enhancement values on the relationship between egoism and pro environmental behaviour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines if self enhancement values as defined by Schwartz (2005) have a mediating effect on the relationship between egoism and pro environmental behaviour. A cross sectional study was done. There was no signfiicant relationship found between egoism and pro environmental behaviour and no significant effect of the self enhancement values as a mediator.
QCD Monopoles and Chiral Symmetry Breaking on SU(2) Lattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pseudoscalar correlator is measured in a singular (monopole dominant) and a regular (photon dominant) parts of a maximal abelian field on SU(2) lattice. In the abelian field and its singular part, light pseudoscalar boson are observed similar to that in SU(2) field. On the other hand , the correlator in the regular part behaves like a product of free quark and anti-quark. Obtained results give a support for a possibility that monopole condensation is responsible for chiral symmetry breaking as well as confinement. Correlation between monopoles and instantons is also investigated by observing topological charge. A field including monopoles carrys topological charge with good correlation to that in original SU(2) gauge field while that including only photons shows no topological charge.
Gene regulatory networks with variable-order dynamic Bayesian networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a probabilistic framework for building higher-order gene regulatory networks, which automatically finds the delays of regulatory interactions. A variable-order Markov chain Monte Carlo method with a new acceptance mechanism is proposed to find the optimal order and the structure of a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). Experiments on cell cycle expression data indicate that the variable-order DBN (VDBN) better fits the data and gives biologically more plausible regulatory networks.
The Canadian Point System and Its Discontents: Integration of Immigrants into the Labour Market into the 21st Century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper offers a historical review of the evolution of the point system. It is crucial to understand the past in order to understand immigrants' current economic performance. Canada's immigration policy has evolved over time by adjusting to the economic, social and political needs of each specific period. However, the current immigration policy, in the form of the point system, is not flexible in meeting the needs of the Canadian labour market. The point system currently requires immigrants to have a high level of education and proficiency in English or French. However, research indicates that immigrans are not doing as well as expected financially. This paper will analyze and seek answers to the following research questions: Does the point system reflect the needs of the labour market and is it an effective tool for measuring the needs of the Canadian nation? The theoretical frameworks that will be used are human capital theory and labour market segmentation theory. This paper will be focusing on the relationship between Canadian immigration policy and the needs of the labour market.
Development of a 50W DC-DC boost converter for PV maximum power extraction

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report is prepared as a requirement for the design and simulation of 50W DC-DC SEPIC Boost Converter (boost mode) with PV maximum power point extraction. This project includes discussion of solar system, different types of DC-DC converters and various popular Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) algorithms. An alternative technique is used for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of solar arrays. Some real applications of solar system for different loads such as resistive load, DC motor load and battery charging are described. The modeling and simulation of the PV panel and DC-DC converter with MPPT is carried out using with PSIM software.
The Persistence of Corruption and Regulatory Compliance Failures: Theory and Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMP or IMP policy.Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are---'published to elicit comments and to further debate.This paper examines the reasons why corruption and policy distortions tend to exhibit a high degree of persistence in certain regimes.We identify circumstances under which a firm seeks to evade regulations by (1) bribing oflocal inspectors, and (2) lobbying high-level government politicians to resist legal reforms designed to improve judicial efficiency and eliminate corruption.The analysis predicts that in politically unstable regimes, the institutions necessary to monitor and enforce compliance are weak.In such countries, corruption is more pervasive and the compliance with regulations is low.The empirical results support the predictions of the model.
Unlocking Multilingual Potential: Systemic Functional Linguistics Strategies for Effective Descriptive Writing Instruction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The use of the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach as an instructional tool has been implemented to help English Foreign Language (EFL) students acquire and analyze common disciplinary discourses. However, many teacher preparation programs have not adequately integrated an SFL-guided curriculum to meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students. International assessment frameworks like ACTFL and CEFR lack distinctive features that emphasize the functional and linguistic characteristics of spoken and written genres necessary for students to acquire competencies at various levels. This article reviews how the researcher used SFL to teach descriptive writing about hometowns to EFL students. The study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating SFL into foreign English teachers' curricula, using the Expanded Teaching Learning Cycle (ETLC) for teaching, data collection, and analysis. The researcher examined descriptive texts from three EFL students categorized by academic performance. The students showed different levels of progress in composing descriptive texts that accurately reflected genre phases and register characteristics.
Teaching Co-Creation in Higher Education Through Dance Exercises

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Higher education today needs to teach skills relevant to the world of today. In recent years, the ability to co-create has been seen as increasingly important due to the growing complexity of our interconnected and quickly changing world (Leclercq, Hammedi, & Poncin, 2016; Nahi, 2016; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004). Whereas co-creation skills, thus, may be valuable to teach at any level of education, they seem indispensable at the level of higher education.
New shopping malls and the modal split fallacy in Belgium

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rationale of this study stems from the controversy on the planned development of three major shopping malls in Belgium. As new regional shopping centres necessarily look to compete with each other, as well as with existing smaller-scaled retail amenities, figures on characteristics and effects of such projects become easily the subject of political debate. Our study provides an alternative approach for the simulations that were provided by the macroscopic traffic model of the Flemish government, while focusing on the specific aspect of the mode choice of the customers. Our hypothesis is that destination-based variables such as location and accessibility of shopping centres influence the travel mode choice of the visitors. Based on an analysis of the modal split of the customers of seventeen existing shopping centres in Belgium, we develop a model for a more sustainable siting policy of shopping centres. Relying on both explorative and explanatory statistical data analysis we seek factors that significantly contribute to insights in the visitors’ modal choice. The results show a major influence of the location of the shopping centre in relation to the urban form. For example, shopping centres that are part of a dense urban fabric, measured by means of the population density in the range of one kilometre, travel less often by car. The size of the shopping centre plays a role as well. Smaller sites will attract more cyclists and pedestrians. Interestingly, our results deviate significantly from the figures that have been put forward in public debates on the shopping mall issuein Belgium.