jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Customizable Textured Tablet Case and Magnetic Prompting System to Improve Communication for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnoses increase in prevalence, there is a growing need for assistive devices to help meet the communication needs of each person and their own unique set of challenges. Autism is a neurological disorder which most prominently impacts communication and social skills but can impact each person differently by way of coupled conditions. Of these conditions, two of the most common with Autism are Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and Motor Skill delays.\nAdditionally, to help with communication and language development, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) techniques are often used, with tablet AAC applications being one of the most portable and economical solutions in alternative communication available today. With the current options for tablet cases, specifically for AAC communication, the coupled conditions of Sensory Processing Disorder and Motor Skill delays were not considered in their design or functionality. In order to make tablets with AAC applications more accessible for the children using them, an assistive tablet case was created. This tablet case design incorporated a magnetic overlay to provide motor skill assistance and prompting without unnecessary sensory input, interchangeable textures to improve sensory experience as well as stability features including a shoulder strap, stand and handle. Trials with a functional prototype and a tactile sensory board were performed with a Speech-Language Pathologist in the context of her therapy session. From the functional prototype trial, it was found that cursor prompting system was effective in providing elevated prompts when necessary and that an interest in the texture may be based on the maturity and diagnosis of the user. From the sensory study, it was found that there were trends of preferences for both texture and interaction type. Additionally, it was proven that the textures provided could be used for effective self-regulation. The design of this tablet case and study of its use create opportunities for the improvement of assistive devices in emerging technologies as well as exploring the concept of prompting without the use of human interactions.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 7 from Gut Microbiota Protects against Gastrointestinal Tumorigenesis Caused by Epithelial Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 615K, Increased mortality of GF mice with high concentrations of DSS (S1); Tumors in GF mice have similar nuclear beta-catenin localization as tumors in SPF mice (S2); Percent weight change from baseline (start of DSS) for GF and SPF mice with AOM and 1.5% DSS (S3); Increased inflammatory cell recruitment in SPF mice early after DSS-induced intestinal injury (S4); Tumors in GF mice have similar proliferative activity as tumors in SPF mice (S5); Recolonization of GF mice with the gut microbiota reduces mortality to DSS (S6); Recolonization of GF mice with the gut microbiota restores ability of GF mice to induce reparative inflammation (S7).</p>
Modulation Of The Intestinal Microbiome Of Hybrid Tilapia (oreochromis Niloticus X. O. Mossambicus) Using Alternative Feed Ingredients

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The intestinal microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem made up of bacteria, fungi, and protists, which together promote the overall health of the host. It regulates digestion and absorption of nutrients, prevents colonization of the intestinal tract by pathogenic organisms, drives the development of the host immune system, and even regulates chemical processes outside of the gastrointestinal tract, including the brain. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome can promote the growth and health of commercially important agriculture and aquaculture species in order to increase production and reduce costs. Probiotics, live beneficial bacteria incorporated in feed, and prebiotics, non-digestible feed ingredients, primarily inulin and oligosaccharides, are two of the primary modulation techniques used currently in aquaculture. Probiotics promote the colonization of the gut by the bacterial species of interest, while prebiotics promote the growth of beneficial bacteria by providing a substrate and feed source for the microbes. While there has been a lot of research on alternative feed ingredients to reduce cost and reliance on wild-caught fish in aquaculture feed, there are few studies on the effect of these feed ingredients on the intestinal microbiome. Many of these alternative ingredients are plant-based and thus provide a natural level of potential prebiotics that would modulate the intestinal microbiome of the aquaculture species. Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) are the most widespread aquaculture species in the world due to their relative fecundity, omnivorous feeding habits, and tolerance of marginal growing conditions, making them ideal study species for alternative feed ingredients. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the modulation of the intestinal microbiome of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus) using alternative feed ingredients as potential prebiotics. Next generation sequencing was utilized to determine how the microbiome changes with alternative carbohydrate, protein, and lipid sources. The results of this work suggest that moringa leaf (Moringa stenopetala), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and microalgae (Arthrospira platensis and Schizochytrium limacinum) can be included up to 12%, 26.2%, and 100%, respectively, without significantly slowing the growth parameters, making them acceptable feed alternatives. Additionally, the three alternative feed ingredients significantly altered the microbiome of hybrid tilapia.
Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Thorstein Veblen is one of the founders of what is now known as original institutional economics (OIE), and the political dimension of his work has been traditionally cast in that context. Veblen's method is multidisciplinary in the sense that elements of psychology, anthropology, history, and sociology are integral to his expositions of agents’ behavior within a capitalist market economy. The political aspects of Veblen's writings are primarily directed at the role of the modern capitalist state as a mode of governance. He observed that the modern capitalist state does not provide enough support to fulfill the needs of the underlying population because the decisions, interpretations, and precedents embodied within its policies, legislation, and legal structures have been influenced by vested (business) interests.
Damage Tolerance in Naturally Compliant Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the damage tolerant design in a particular compliant structure, the spider web, has been studied. The orb web spider has evolved over the last 180 million years. This long period of evolution has made the present spider web, an elegant, natural, lightweight structure that efficiently resists different loads, such as wind and insect impact. It can function as a net for catching prey even if several elements are broken. Nature has accomplished these tasks by optimizing its form of construction, and by making spider silk a biopolymer with superior elasticity and tensile strength. Spider webs are clearly one of the most efficient structures engineered by nature. In this study, we attempt to understand how the spider web achieves its damage tolerance. A finite element (FE) model of an ideal spider web has been created using the FEMAP pre- and post-processing software and analyzed using the ABAQUS nonlinear FE code. Both the static and dynamic problems have been considered, and experimental validation has also been performed. How stress is redistributed in the face of damage and how the loss of web elements affects the dynamic response of the web have been considered. Finally, the numerical simulations have been compared to physical experiments. Instead of actual spider webs, artificial nets have been examined; the first natural frequencies for different damage configurations have been measured by laser vibrometer. A FE model of the net has also been created in FEMAP and analyzed by ABAQUS. In both analyses, the same elements have been removed systematically from the center of the web and the first natural frequencies have been determined. The prediction matches well with the experiment. The results of this study may give insight into other ultra-lightweight structures, such as cable-stayed bridges and gossamer space structures.
Formulation Development of Tamoxifen Loaded Lipid Nanoparticle by Taguchi (L12 (211)) Orthogonal Array Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: A better understanding of the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of drugs and the pharmaco-technical factors would be of great help for developing pharmaceutical products. But, it is extremely difficult to study the effect of each variable and interaction among them through the conventional approach. Methods: To screen the most influential factors affecting the particle size (PS) of lipid nanoparticle (LNPs) (solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)) for poorly watersoluble BCS class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX) to improve its oral bioavailability and to reduce its toxicity to tolerable limits using Taguchi (L 12 (2 11 )) orthogonal array design by applying computer optimization technique. Results: The size of all LNPs formulations prepared as per the experimental design varied between 172 nm and 3880 μm, polydispersity index between 0.033 and 1.00, encapsulation efficiency between 70.8% and 75.7%, and drug loading between 5.84% and 9.68%. The study showed spherical and non-spherical as well as aggregated and non-aggregated LNPs. Besides, it showed no interaction and amorphous form of the drug in LNPs formulation. The Blank NLCs exhibited no cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells as compared to TMX solution, SLNs (F5) and NLCs (F12) suggest that the cause of cell death is primarily from the effect of TMX present in NLCs. Conclusions: The screening study clearly showed the importance of different individual factors significant effect for the LNPs formulation development and its overall performance in an in-vitro study with minimum experimentation thus saving considerable time, efforts, and resources for further in-depth study.
Review of novel therapeutics in cardiac arrest (ReNTICA): systematic review protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Cardiac arrest remains a common and devastating cause of death and disability worldwide. While targeted temperature management has become standard of care to improve functional neurologic outcome, few pharmacologic interventions have shown similar promise. Methods/analysis This systematic review will focus on prospective human studies from 2015 to 2020 available in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE with a primary focus on impact on functional neurologic outcome. Prospective studies that include pharmacologic agents given during or after cardiac arrest will be included. Study selection will be in keeping with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. If sufficient data involving a given agent are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted and compared with current evidence for therapies recommended in international practice guidelines. Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval will not be required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and lay press. PROSPERO registration number International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (CRD42021230216).
Design and evaluation of a Women in American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) leadership program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objective is to report on the design and evaluation of the inaugural Women in AMIA Leadership Program. A year-long leadership curriculum was developed. Survey responses were summarized with descriptive statistics and quotes selected. Twenty-four scholars participated in the program. There was a significant increase in perceived achievement of learning objectives after the program (P &lt; .0001). The largest improvement was in leadership confidence and presence in work interactions (modal answer Neutral in presurvey from 21 responses rose to Agree in postsurvey from 24 responses). Most (92% of 13) scholars clarified leadership vision and goals and (83% of 18) would be Very Likely to recommend the program to others. The goals of the program—developing women’s leader identity, increasing networks, and accumulating experience for future programs—were achieved. The second leadership program is on its way in the United States and Australia. This study may benefit organizations seeking to develop leadership programs for women in informatics and digital health.
Macroeconomic Dynamics and Trade Balance: New Insights from Korea-G-7 Trade Relations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Our investigations reveal that macroeconomic variables associated with income and exchange rates, commonly included in empirical analyses of Korea's trade balance, remain crucial for explaining Korea's trade flows. This study presents the most comprehensive investigation thus far into the connection between macroeconomic factors and Korea's trade balance with the G-7 countries. It integrates insights from four primary economic theories—elasticity, Keynesian income, absorption, and the monetary approach. Utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, we examine the short- and long-term effects of variables such as income, exchange rates, government spending, and interest rates on Korea's bilateral trade flows, specifically emphasizing exports and imports. Our findings validate the persistent significance of income and exchange rates in shaping the trade balance, which is consistent with previous research. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the significant yet varied impacts of government spending and interest rates—factors that have not been studied before—across different trade patterns and timeframes. Particularly, Korean exports to the G-7 nations are notably influenced by changes in government spending and interest rates. In contrast, imports exhibit more pronounced reactions to these variables in the short term than in the long term. This analysis enriches our understanding of the macroeconomic drivers behind Korea's trade balance and provides valuable insights for policy development. JEL Classification: C22, F14, O50
MHRA seeking views on the safety of sodium valproate prescribing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has launched a review into safety issues around sodium valproate prescribing and is seeking views of patients and healthcare professionals in advance of a meeting of the Commission on Human Medicines. Sodium valproate — prescribed in the UK under brands including Dyzantil (Aspire Pharma), Epilim (Sanofi), Episenta […]
Doctorate unemployment as rent-seeking behavior

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation provides an economic explanation for Ph.D. unemployment. The discussion begins with a theoretical investigation of policy making in nonprofit colleges. The predictions of this analysis are that colleges will operate less efficiently than for-profit firms; that faculty salaries will exceed market-clearing levels (in most disciplines); and that faculty salaries will tend to equalize across disciplines (while market-clearing salaries will probably vary across disciplines).\n\nThe theory of rent-seeking unemployment is then presented. When the academic wage exceeds the nonacademic wage, those gaining faculty positions receive rents; so some individual will refuse nonacademic jobs (accept unemployment) and search for rent-yielding academic jobs. The hypothesis is that unemployment rates will be highest in those disciplines where the intersectoral wage differential is greatest.\n\nEmpirical evidence is presented which supports the major hypotheses of this study.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers in normoxic and hypoxic exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and acute pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is known that with acute hypoxia, cardiac output (CO) is maintained with an increase in heart rate (HR) but a blunted stroke volume (SV) response. To our knowledge, the response of the healthy heart to acute pulmonary hypertension has not been studied using exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). CMR is a highly reproducible and accurate method of evaluating biventricular function during exercise and can be used to measure real time physiological response to an increased cardiovascular workload. We aimed to study the ability of exercise magnetic resonance imaging to detect changes in right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function during normoxic and hypoxic exercise.
Extracting Explainable Deep Representation for Machine Tutoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we propose a machine tutoring framework through a modified Adversarial AutoEncoder(AAE) for Interactive Machine Learning(IML). In IML, masters can teach machines for valuable knowledge and skills and machines can transfer such knowledge and skills to novices. Generally in IML, we can discuss transferring knowledge, something to be known and skills, something needs to know and to practice to learn it well from masters to machines and from machines to novices. In this work, we focus on one part of IML techniques, transferring knowledge and skills from machines to novices, called machine tutoring and realize it, in a Taiko-drum playing game platform. In Taiko-drum playing, skill learning is considered more important than knowledge learning. In particular, we adopt Internal Measurement Unit (IMU), attached on novice's forearms to collect the necessary data to understand novice's motions. We assume that the IMU data can help us understand how well novices learn on some particular motions from machines and from masters eventually. On the side, we capture game scores in each novice's play for the evaluation purpose. Four songs with different levels from easy to hard are used in the experiments. When a novice plays the game, we extract the explainable values from latent features in a deep learner for the representation of the novice's play. The machine tutoring is operated as we show the visualization that is built given the latent representation to the novice to suggest on how we may perform a task better and better as we play more. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed machine tutoring framework by using three different deep neural network structures stacked on the Autoencoder included in the framework including MLP, CNN, and LSTM. The results show that AAE-regression CNN (AAER-CNN) performs the best on latent information representation when the song level is from easy to normal, and AAER-LSTM also performs the best when the song level is difficult on two tasks namely score prediction subject classification. Afterwards, we illustrate how the representation can help on machine tutoring.
Morphofunctional characteristics of qualified Deaflympic orienteering athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article systematizes the achievements of Ukrainian Deaflympic athletes in competitions in orienteering at the international events (European Championships, World Championships, Deaflympic Games). For the first time a study of morphofunctional indicators of qualified athletes in orienteering. The results are given in a table showing individual morphofunctional indicators (weight, height, heart rate, VO2 Max, etc.) of qualified athletes who have hearing impairments. In addition to individual indicators, the average morphfunctional indicators for candidates and members of the Deaf orienteering national team are presented. The authors point out that men have significant differences in VO2 max unlike women. Thus, the highest indicator among men was 66 and the lowest 48. At the same time, no direct dependence of the level of sports achievements on the level of VO2 max was found. It is noted that men with the highest and lowest VO2 max have reached the same in sports results – became champions of the Deaflympic Games. The proposed research is the basis for the development and identification of model characteristics of qualified orienteering athletes in the deafsport.
Moldova: Political Situation in Connection with the Presidential Elections – 2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The presidential elections held in November 2020 in Moldova resulted in the victory of a pro-European candidate Maia Sandu. In Moldova the problem of determining the foreign policy course does not lose its relevance –confrontation between pro-Russian and pro-Western forces does not stop in the country. The main goal of the right-wing forces that came to power is to change the geopolitical vector of Moldova in favor of the EU and the United States. In the near future the Moldovan society is expected to change, and first of all in the field of integration.
Some aspects of bioenergetics of the rabbit tick Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), (Acari : Ixodidae), during development and reproduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dry weight, calorific value and rate of oxygen consumption were measured at intervals during the development of eggs and engorged ticks of D. vartabilis (Say) and H. leportspalustris (Packard) collected from wild host animals caught at a study site in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. The food ingested by larval and nymphal ticks had a higher calorific value than host blood and appeared to represent lipids selectively concentrated from host blood and utilized in development. Adult female ticks ingested material with a lower energy content than host blood. This is ascribed to a large intake of protein, from host blood, required for egg production. In both species net production efficiency of growth was reduced in the nymphal stage with a reciprocal increase in the proportion of energy lost in metabolism. This is probably an effect of reproductive organ development in the nymph. The immature stages of D. vartabilis had a higher net production efficiency growth than those of . leportspalustris and thus, although the eggs of both species were Similar in calorific content, De vartabiltis adult ticks were larger and had a greater calorific content than adult H. lLeporispalustris. Over their life cycle female D. vartabilis assimilated 1166 calories, 14.5 times the assimilation measured for males of the same species. Net production efficiency of growth in the female was 18%, net production efficiency of reproduction, 52%. The proportion of energy lost in metabolism was 24% and that represented by exuviae, excreted guanine and guanine retained by spent females combined was 5%. Over their life cycle H. leporispalustris females assimilated 372 calories, 15 times the assimilation of males. In the female, net production efficiency of growth was 16.5%, net production efficiency of reproduction 58%, 20.4% of assimilated energy was required for metabolism and 4.2% for exuvia, excreted guanine and guanine retained in spent females combined. The net production efficiencies of reproduction were similar to those of several other ixodid tick species. Partial energy budgets for females of both tick species were similar to that of the haematophagous insect Triatoma phyllosoma (Hemiptera:Reduviae).