jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle Enhanced Optical Biosensing Technologies for Prostate Specific Antigen Biomarker Detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the deadliest forms of Cancer among men. Early screening process for PCa is primarily conducted with the help of a FDA approved biomarker known as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). The PSA-based screening is challenged with the inability to differentiate between the cancerous PSA and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in high rates of false-positives. Optical techniques such as optical absorbance, scattering, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence have been extensively employed for Cancer diagnostic applications. One of the most important diagnostic applications involves utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) for highly specific, sensitive, rapid, multiplexed, and high performance Cancer detection and quantification. The incorporation of NPs with these optical biosensing techniques allow realization of low cost, point-of-care, highly sensitive, and specific early cancer detection technologies, especially for PCa. In this work, the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and efforts made by the researchers for realization of low cost, point-of-care (POC), highly sensitive, and specific NP enhanced optical biosensing technologies for PCa detection using PSA biomarker are discussed and analyzed.
BLOOD VOLUME CHANGES IN THE LACTATING RAT1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasma volume (dye method), hematocrit value, and hemoglobin and plasma protein concentrations were measured in normal female rats at two stages of lactation and two weeks post-lactation, and from these data total blood and crythrocyte volumes and total hemoglobin were calculated. In the lactating rats, the total blood, erythrocyte and plasma volumes and total hemoglobin increased significantly above control values in non-pregnant rats, and returned to the pre-pregnancy levels in the post-lactation period. Plasma specific gravity decreased significantly during lactation, and there was a loss of plasma proteins i n the second half of this period. Hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentrations did not rise above the control values. There was no correlation between maternal blood picture and litter size, but there was a high inverse correlation between litter size and the body weight of the offspring at the end of lactation. It is suggested that the increase in the volume of circulating erythrocytes constitutes a lactation polycythemia, the function of which may be to increase the oxygcn-carrying capacity of the blood to meet the increased metabolic demands of lactation.
Study on the Fingerprints of Ephedra sinica Stapf.from Hangjinqi by HPLC

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the HPLC fingerprints of Ephedra sinica Stapf.and establish HPLC standard fingerprints chromatography from Hangjinqi planting bases.Methods Separation was performed on Lichrospher C_(18)(4/6×250 mm,5μm)analytical column.Acetonitrile-water-TEA-phosphoric acid(5∶95∶0.05∶0.1)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL·min~(-1).Results Fingerprints consisted of 5 common characteristic peaks.Conclusion This method was accurate,reliable and provides a scientific basis for control the quality of Ephedra sinica stapf.
When English Meets Chinese in Tibetan Schools: Towards an Understanding of Multilingual Education in Tibet

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

By tracing the evolution of linguistic models for state education in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) of China, this chapter shows that bilingual education policies in the TAR oscillated between Chinese-led and Tibetan-led models since the 1950s. By presenting the rise and fall of specific linguistic models under a social and historical light, the study demonstrates that Tibetan students’ underperformance in subjects like English and Maths today is historically given and economically driven. In other words, the educational landscape as we see in Tibet today is socially constructed and represents competing interests of different groups. With English added to the mix, the complexity of language education policies in the TAR has increased. Upon interviewing students of diverse socioeconomic backgrounds from across the TAR and looking into their past and present schooling experiences, the authors argue that the dynamics between linguistic models and linguistic capital in the TAR articulate ethnic sentiments, leadership preferences, and the myriad ways in which Tibetans responded to the authority exercised by the leadership.
Nisin Influence on the Antimicrobial Resistance Ability of Canine Oral Enterococci

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases in dogs. Although previous studies have shown the potential of the antimicrobial peptide nisin for PD control, there is no information regarding its influence in the development of antimicrobial resistance or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Nisin’s mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and selection window (MSW) were determined for a collection of canine oral enterococci. Isolates recovered after the determination of the MPC values were characterized for their antimicrobial profile and its nisin minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. The potential of vanA HGT between Enterococcus faecium CCGU36804 and nine clinical canine staphylococci and enterococci was evaluated. Nisin MPC values ranged from 400 to more than 600 μg/mL. In comparison with the original enterococci collection, the isolates recovered after the determination of the nisin MPC showed increased resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanate (5%), vancomycin (5%), enrofloxacin (10%), gentamicin (10%) and imipenem (15%). The HGT of vanA gene was not observed. This work showed that nisin selective pressure may induce changes in the bacteria’s antimicrobial resistance profile but does not influence horizontal transfer of vanA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nisin’s MPC and MSW determination regarding canine enterococci.
Constrained Fair and Efficient Allocations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Fairness and efficiency have become the pillars of modern fair division research, but prior work on achieving both simultaneously is largely limited to the unconstrained setting. We study fair and efficient allocations of indivisible goods under additive valuations and various types of allocation feasibility constraints, and demonstrate the unreasonable effectiveness of the maximum Nash welfare (MNW) solution in this previously uncharted territory. Our main result is that MNW allocations are 1/2-envy-free up to one good (EF1) and Pareto optimal under the broad family of (arbitrary) matroid constraints. We extend these guarantees to complete MNW allocations for base-orderable matroid constraints, and to a family of non-matroidal constraints (which includes balancedness) using a novel "alternate worlds" technique. We establish tightness of our results by providing counterexamples for the satisfiability of certain stronger desiderata, but show an improved result for the special case of goods with copies (Gafni et al. 2023). Finally, we also establish novel best-of-both-worlds guarantees for goods with copies and balancedness.
Microstructures and Magnetism of Silicon co-implanted with Manganese and Carbon ions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Dilute magnetic semiconductors based on transition metal doped silicon have attracted intense interest in recent years due to their compatibility with current silicon technology. Here we present transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and ferromagnetic resonance studies of silicon implanted with 1×1016 ions/cm2 of Mn ions and silicon co-implanted with both 1×1016 ions/cm2 of Mn ions and 2×1016 ions/cm2 of carbon ions at a substrate temperature of 350 °C. Afterward, the samples were annealed at temperatures between 800 and 1000°C. The SIMS results show a marked difference between the two specimens while the TEM results show similar features in terms of Mn precipitation and particle evolution. The carbon implanted specimens show additional features that appear to be amorphous silicon pockets within the crystalline implant region. Only one specimen (Mn only implant, unannealed) showed any ferromagnetic properties.
Sedimentation-velocity in jet induced flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Embedding of subsea pipelines for protection purposes is usually done in a ‘Trench – Install – Backfill’ operation. The pipeline can also be embedded after it is installed on the seabed. This method is called post-trenching. When using a trailer suction hopper dredger for post-trenching, a large water jet erodes the soil underneath the pipe creating a temporarily trench in which the pipeline can sink. Large steel pipelines are inflexible and need a considerable free span to sink to the desired depth. The length of the trench is limited as the eroded sand that is brought in suspension starts to settle in the trench when the velocity of the suspension decreases. To be able to predict the length of the trench, the sedimentation velocity in jet induced flow is investigated in this research. The research describes the experiment series that is performed to investigate the behavior of a trench that is created by a vertical jet flow, trailing over a sand bed. The focus is on the sedimentation part of the trench. Concentrations and flow velocities are measured to determine the shape of the trench, the distribution profile and velocity profile. The experiments show a clear relation between the depth of the trench and the length that the trench is open. A deeper trench (due to a higher pressure or lower trail velocity) results in all experiments in a longer trench. The near bed concentration and the sedimentation velocity do not change a lot for different settings of the jet. To see if the theory on the sedimentation process can represent the post-trenching process, a calculation model is made that uses the theoretical concentration profile to calculate the sedimentation velocity. A good similarity was found between the model and the experiments. The experimental research on the sedimentation velocity in a trench that is created in a post-trenching process, indicates that sedimentation velocity is largely independent of the jet parameters. To make the trench longer, it has to be deeper to lengthen the path that the bed has to travel. A test with a second run over the bed proved highly effective due to the high porosity of the sand that settles in the first run, the maximum excavation depth is twice the depth of the first run. By implementing a pipeline in the experiment it is investigated if the pipeline has an influence on the flow conditions and sedimentation velocity.
Re: Kidney Retransplantation in the Ipsilateral Iliac Fossa: A Surgical Challenge

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Aug 2016Re: Kidney Retransplantation in the Ipsilateral Iliac Fossa: A Surgical Challenge David A. GoldfarbMD David A. GoldfarbDavid A. Goldfarb More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.05.017AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Kidney Retransplantation in the Ipsilateral Iliac Fossa: A Surgical Challenge." The Journal of Urology, 196(2), pp. 504–505 © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 196Issue 2August 2016Page: 504-505 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David A. Goldfarb More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Measuring Propargyl-Linked Drug Populations Inside Bacterial Cells, and Their Interaction with a Dihydrofolate Reductase Target, by Raman Microscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the first Raman spectroscopic study of propargyl-linked dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors being taken up by wild type Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus cells. A novel protocol is developed where cells are exposed to the fermentation medium containing a known amount of an inhibitor. At a chosen time point, the cells are centrifuged and washed to remove the extracellular compound, then frozen and freeze-dried. Raman difference spectra of the freeze-dried cells (cells exposed to the drug minus cells alone) provide spectra of the compounds inside the cells, where peak intensities allow us to quantify the number of inhibitors within each cell. A time course for the propargyl-linked DHFR inhibitor UCP 1038 soaking into E. coli cells showed that penetration occurs very quickly and reaches a plateau after 10 min exposure to the inhibitor. After 10 min drug exposure, the populations of two inhibitors, UCP 1038 and UCP 1089, were ~1.5 × 10(6) molecules in each E. coli cell, ~4.7 × 10(5) molecules in each K. pneumonia cell, and ~2.7 × 10(6) in each S. aureus cell. This is the first in situ comparison of inhibitor population in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cells. The positions of the Raman peaks also reveal the protonation of diaminopyrimidine ring upon binding to DHFR inside cells. The spectroscopic signature of protonation was characterized by binding an inhibitor to a single crystal of DHFR.
Independent Component Analysis for Unraveling the Complexity of Cancer Omics Datasets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a matrix factorization approach where the signals captured by each individual matrix factors are optimized to become as mutually independent as possible. Initially suggested for solving source blind separation problems in various fields, ICA was shown to be successful in analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other types of biomedical data. In the last twenty years, ICA became a part of the standard machine learning toolbox, together with other matrix factorization methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Here, we review a number of recent works where ICA was shown to be a useful tool for unraveling the complexity of cancer biology from the analysis of different types of omics data, mainly collected for tumoral samples. Such works highlight the use of ICA in dimensionality reduction, deconvolution, data pre-processing, meta-analysis, and others applied to different data types (transcriptome, methylome, proteome, single-cell data). We particularly focus on the technical aspects of ICA application in omics studies such as using different protocols, determining the optimal number of components, assessing and improving reproducibility of the ICA results, and comparison with other popular matrix factorization techniques. We discuss the emerging ICA applications to the integrative analysis of multi-level omics datasets and introduce a conceptual view on ICA as a tool for defining functional subsystems of a complex biological system and their interactions under various conditions. Our review is accompanied by a Jupyter notebook which illustrates the discussed concepts and provides a practical tool for applying ICA to the analysis of cancer omics datasets.
A model of financial contagion with variable asset returns may be replaced with a simple threshold model of cascades

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

I show the equivalence between a model of financial contagion and the threshold model of global cascades proposed by Watts (2002). The model financial network comprises banks that hold risky external assets as well as interbank assets. It is shown that a simple threshold model can replicate the size and the frequency of financial contagion without using information about individual balance sheets. Keywords: financial network, cascades, financial contagion, systemic risk.
Letter to the Editor: The Kynurenine Pathway in Hepatic Cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: Clària et al.1 reported that cirrhosis activates the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) degradation (Fig. 1) by a systemic inflammation–dependent induction of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), leading to increased plasma levels of Kyn and its metabolites kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA). I propose additional and alternative interpretations of these data.Figure 1: The KP of Trp degradation up to the quinolinic and picolinic acid steps. Abbreviations: ACMS, 2‐amino‐3‐carboxymuconic acid‐semialdehyde; ACMSD, 2‐amino‐3‐carboxymuconic acid‐semialdehyde decarboxylase or picolinate carboxylase; AMS, 2‐amino‐3‐muconic acid‐semialdehyde; 3‐HAAO, 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4‐dioxygenase; KMO, kynurenine monooxygenase (hydroxylase).Because the authors determined IDO mRNA expression in only 4 control subjects and 6 patients with acute decompensated cirrhosis, we cannot be sure of the IDO catalytic activity in this and the other patient subgroups, especially those with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) and ACLF‐KF (ACLF with kidney failure). Although the authors1 conclude that the greater plasma levels of Kyn, KA, and QA in ACLF‐KF versus ACLF implies greater KP activation in kidney disease, a more likely explanation is that, in kidney disease, these differences are the result of enhancement of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO2) and kynurenine aminotransferase, and inhibition of kynureninase and 2‐amino‐3‐carboxymuconic acid‐semialdehyde decarboxylase, with IDO being unchanged.2 I also suggest that an increased flux of plasma‐free Trp through TDO24 is the major mechanism of the increased KP activity in cirrhosis, mediated by decreased circulating albumin and increased non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), both of which are established features of liver cirrhosis. The combination of these two changes leads to maximum elevation of plasma‐free Trp (for example, in fulminant liver failure, free and total Trp can rise to values of 60‐112 µM).5 Although TDO has a much greater capacity for Trp, IDO has a much reduced capacity and is inhibited by Trp of at least 50 µM.4 The increase or the absence of a decrease in total Trp in cirrhosis is due to TDO inhibition. I believe that future development of the important platform provided by Clària et al.1 can be strengthened by extending observations to include measurements of plasma‐free (as well as total) Trp and determinants of Trp binding (albumin and NEFA), direct measurements of IDO activity in peripheral blood cells across patient groups, and whenever possible, liver TDO activity.
Alternating-pressure air mattresses: the Quattro range

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Alternating-pressure air mattresses (APAMs) have a long history, and after some advances in their design, which began in the 1980s, have become widely used for pressure sore prevention. A recent variation in the inflation/deflation cycle of a ‘large-cell’ APAM, which allows the use of lower (peak) pressures for inflating the air cells, is used in the Quattro range of APAMs. This should make the new products more comfortable, more versatile, and more durable than earlier large-cell APAMs. This article discusses both the theoretical and practical advantages and disadvantages of these products. It also suggests a simple method of checking the suitability of a given support for promoting a healthy skin for highly dependent patients.
Precision Farming Adoption by Florida Citrus Producers: Probit Model Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Production practices in agriculture are constantly changing and being modified. The introduction of site-specific crop management (SSCM), also known as precision farming, can be considered the newest advance in production agriculture and mechanization. The use of multiple technologies and common production practices have opened a new era of “high-tech” farming. The use of soil sampling; yield monitoring; remote sensing; and variable-rate applications of herbicide, pesticide, and fertilizer, as well as the global positioning system (GPS) and a geographic information system (GIS) can be considered precision agriculture. This document is Circular 1461, one of a series rom the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: February 2005. CIR1461/AE283: Precision Farming Adoption by Florida Citrus Producers: Probit Model Analysis (ufl.edu)
Drills forehand training strategy on the stroke of forehand drive ability in tennis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article describes the effect of training strategy on forehand drills and arm strength on the ability of a forehand drive stroke on tennis. Operationally, the purpose of this research is to know the interaction between forehand drills training strategy and arm strength to the ability of forehand drive on the playing of tennis by observing reality of tennis training pattern of students in Department of Physical Health and Recreational Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Halu Oleo University who programmed a Tennis course in 2018th even semester. Overall this article attempts to describe its analysis by looking at four main factors that control the path of an object that is being struck through the theories: (1) the speed of hitting the object, (2) the angle at which the power of the object, (3) the force of gravity affecting the object that is being hit, and (4) the effect of aerodynamic power. The technique of analysis that is used in this article is by observing the strength factor of the basic ability of physical condition. In which, the power component is also one of the biometric components that have contributions in improving the components of the overall physical condition.
Case Management and Employment Training Outcomes for Welfare-Reliant African American and Latinx Women Heads of Household

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Case management has historically been a pillar in the social work profession, and has never been more pertinent than it is with recipients of the federal program, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families. There is a chasm of biblical proportions, however, when the case management ideals are compared with the realities “on the ground.” Objective: The study examines welfare-reliant women heads of household (N = 30) to assess their experiences and outcomes in a welfare-to-work program designed to prepare them for employment opportunities. Methods: A purposive sample was used for data collection and included longitudinal survey analysis. A Structured Interview Schedule Welfare-to-Work Success Index (WSI) were the primary data collection instruments. Findings: Fifty-seven percent of the respondents were African American and 43% were Latinx women. The mean age of the African American and Latinx cohorts were 32.7 and 37.5, respectively. The vast majority of both groups were single heads of household. Sixty percent of the African American women were high school graduates versus 39% of the Latinx women. Twelve of the original 30 respondents found a job, with the African American cohort faring slightly better, in terms of salary, work hours, and duration of employment. Fringe benefits were not received by any of the study respondents who succeeded in finding employment. Conclusions: Respondents had an unusually high number of case managers assigned to them, with limited success in finding meaningful jobs. Implications are discussed regarding case manager training, retention, the effectiveness of interventions with welfare-reliant clientele, and accountability.