jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antinuclear antibodies in systemic sclerosis associated with increased risk of malignancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with systemic sclerosis are at 1.5–5-fold increased risk of developing malignant diseases. It has been shown that some types of antinuclear antibodies associated with systemic sclerosis may have predictive value for development of malignant diseases in patients with systemic sclerosis. Patients with circulating anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies (RNAP) are at significantly increased risk of developing a malignant disease (breast cancer, followed by leukemias and gastrointestinal or gynecologic cancers) within 36 months from the onset of the disease (OR = 7.38). Thus, regular cancer screening is recommended in anti-RNAP III-positive patients. An increased prevalence of lung cancer was reported in patients with circulating anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (11.4%) compared to the median of 2.4% in all patients with systemic sclerosis. Among patients with circulating anti-centromere antibodies, individuals who are anti-CENP-F-positive are at increased risk of developing breast cancer or lung cancer. Anti-PM-Scl antibodies and anti-Ku antibodies are rare in systemic sclerosis, but may have some association with increased risk of malignancy in these patients as well. Thus, recent data indicate that in patients with systemic sclerosis, diverse disease-specific antinuclear antibodies may be associated with increased risk of developing malignant tumors and require especially careful preventive cancer screening.
The war of the future as a strategic guideline for the forming the critical technologies list

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Predicting scientific and technological development and, as a result, developing a list of critical technologies in advanced countries is quite common and systematic. Ukraine, however, forms such a list exclusively for the defense sphere. Highlighting the most promising technological directions that can be implemented in the field of weapons and military equipment requires a clear understanding of the key principles for the operation of new and advanced weapons, as well as the relevance and priority of the development of certain civilian technological areas, which may eventually move into the military. This paper provides a forecast of the development of the security situation in the world as of 2045. It identifies likely leaders who will spend more than twice as much on their defense, with only two advanced countries that are likely to be at the highest level of military power. It also noted a possible decline in Russiaʼs military capabilities, but an armed threat remains. The origin of a new sphere of military presence is described – cyberspace, which necessarily entails a change in the forms of future wars. It is also noted that the rapid development of certain technologies, which is currently undergoing scientific and technological development, can lead to catastrophic consequences for all humanity. Some of the achievements and main principles of the Fifth and Sixth Technological Units, which will inevitably be applied in the development of the latest weapons, are outlined. Possible directions of modernization of certain available types of weapons are described, as well as key indications of future military conflicts and prospective weapons. In addition, the article provides some data that is drawn from science fiction, but it is quite likely to be used in the creation of promising weapons complexes based on the latest physical principles of action.
Localization of Both CD31- and Endomucin-Expressing Vessels in Mouse Dental Pulp

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

We investigated the localization of both CD31- and endomucin-expressing vessels in mouse dental pulp to elucidate their relationship with dentin formation. The maxillae of C57BL/6 male mice (1, 4, 8, 12, and 56 weeks old) were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution, and cryosections (12-μm-thick) were prepared. Immunofluorescence was performed using anti-CD31 and anti-endomucin antibodies, and calcein labeling was conducted to elucidate relationships with dentin formation. At 1 week, many CD31-expressing (CD31 (+)) and endomucin-expressing (endomucin (+)) vessels were observed throughout the dental papilla. At 4 weeks, CD31 (+) and endomucin (+) vessels decreased in the crown and increased in the root of dental pulp. At 12 weeks, CD31 (+) and endomucin (+) vessels were detected at the root apex, but not in coronal pulp. At 56 weeks, few CD31 (+) and endomucin (+) vessels were observed in dental pulp. Both CD31(+) and endomucin (+) vessels were detected directly beneath calcein-labeled dentin at all sites. These results suggest the presence of CD31 (+) and endomucin (+) vessels in dental pulp and their contribution to dentin formation.
Timing of Phagosome\nMaturation Depends on Their Transport\nSwitching from Actin to Microtubule Tracks

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phagosomes, specialized membrane compartments responsible\nfor digesting\ninternalized pathogens, undergo sequential dynamic and biochemical\nchanges as they mature from nascent phagosomes to degradative phagolysosomes.\nMaturation of phagosomes depends on their transport along actin filaments\nand microtubules. However, the specific quantitative relationship\nbetween the biochemical transformation and transport dynamics remains\npoorly characterized. The autonomous nature of phagosomes, moving\nand maturing at different rates, makes understanding this relationship\nchallenging. Addressing this challenge, in this study we engineered\nparticle sensors to image and quantify single phagosomes’ maturation.\nWe found that as phagosomes move from the actin cortex to microtubule\ntracks, the timing of their actin-to-microtubule transition governs\nthe duration of the early phagosome stage before acquiring degradative\ncapacities. Prolonged entrapment of phagosomes in the actin cortex\nextends the early phagosome stage by delaying the dissociation of\nearly endosome markers and phagosome acidification. Conversely, a\nshortened transition from actin- to microtubule-based movements causes\nthe opposite effect on phagosome maturation. These results suggest\nthat the actin- and microtubule-based transport of phagosomes functions\nlike a “clock” to coordinate the timing of biochemical\nevents during phagosome maturation, which is crucial for effective\npathogen degradation.
Thrombolytic therapy in ischemic limbs: Is it a worthwhile therapeutic option?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Theoretically thrombolysis provides an attractive option in the therapy of the acutely ischemic limb. This is particularly so since thrombosis on the background of arteriosclerotic disease has become the common presenting cause, whereas previously the main cause was embolic disease. This consideration also applies to the acutely occluded peripheral vascular graft. Eighty-four patients who were treated with urokinase during a 24-month period were studied retrospectively. Thrombosis was the cause of occlusion in 68 patients (80.9%), and embolus was the cause in 16 (19.0%). In 17 patients (20.2%) there was occlusion of a bypass graft, and in 67 patients (79.7%) there was occlusion of the native artery. We also studied the effect of thrombolysis with acute occlusion in 25 patients who were diabetic. The time from onset of symptoms to beginning of treatment was also considered. We believe that thrombolysis should have a place in the treatment of the acutely occluded limb, but the physician should be aware of the potential complications of thrombolytics, particularly hemorrhage. Furthermore, an adequate infrastructure should be in place consisting of properly trained nursing staff and an angiography facility providing service on a 24-hour basis.
The expression, prognostic value and potential mechanism of PLCB2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor with dismay outcome. Probing the potential mechanisms of tumorigenesis and progression, identifying valid diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ccRCC remain urgent. This study aimed to screen out novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of ccRCC. Methods: In this study, based on our own database and public databases such as TCGA, GEO, GTEx, CPTAC and CCLE, we performed a systematic study of the expression and prognostic value of PLCB2. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC and normal tissues were explored for further functional enrichment analysis includes Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Afterward, immune cell infiltrates analysis was established to evaluate the correlation between PLCB2 expression and immune cell infiltration level. Results: PLCB2 weas significantly higher in tumors than in normal tissues not only at transcriptional but translational levels in various cancers, including ccRCC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher expression level of PLCB2 was significantly correlated with worse clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that ccRCC cases with high PLCB2 expression had poor OS. Cox regression demonstrated that the transcriptional level of PLCB2 was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for OS in ccRCC patients. In functional enrichment analysis, except for classical oncogenic signaling pathways, most DEGs were enriched in immune response related pathways, indicating that PLCB2 may influence the occurrence and progression of ccRCC by regulating immune infiltration. Afterward, immune cell infiltrates analysis comfirmed that the expression level of PLCB2 has a significantly relationship with the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, which indicated that PLCB2 might be a candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into the role of PLCB2 as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Variation in effects of male plumage ornaments: the case of Iberian Pied Flycatchers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It has been proposed that mate preferences by female Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca differ between southern (Iberian) and northern (Scandinavian) European populations. Whereas the size of the white forehead patch, but not plumage colour, has been reported to be a sexually selected trait in the former, only plumage darkness apparently acts as an ornament in the latter. In addition, northern male Pied Flycatchers become darker with age, a trend not detected until the present study in southern birds. Here we show that in an Iberian population of Pied Flycatchers breeding only a few tens of kilometres from previously studied populations, plumage darkness is associated with mating success and increases with age, whereas the size of the white forehead patch is not related to mating success and is only weakly correlated with age, trends similar to those reported for Scandinavian rather than other Iberian Pied Flycatcher populations. This represents a case of variation in sexually selected traits between geographically close populations of Pied Flycatchers that cannot be explained by sympatry with closely related species. It is proposed that differences in the identity and abundance of environmental stressors may be the cause of this regional variation in sexually selected traits.
Mechanisms of action of new immunosuppressive drugs.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

More immunosuppressive drugs than ever have recently graduated from the laboratory to extensive clinical trials of their safety and efficacy in transplant patients. None of these drugs is perfect, but they control different forms of rejection in stringent animal models more effectively than other immunosuppressants, and these novel molecules suppress the immune system far more specifically than steroids and regimens that cause lymphopenia. Cyclosporin A and FK506 are the only drugs that selectively inhibit T-cell proliferation by blocking cytokine synthesis. The primary action of rapamycin appears to be inhibition of the actions of cytokines and growth factors on T, B, and some nonimmune cells. T and B cells are more sensitive than nonimmune cells to the depletion of purines and pyrimidines caused by mizoribine, mycophenolate mofetil, brequinar sodium, and leflunomide. Nucleotide depletion causes interruption of DNA synthesis and glycosylation of adhesion molecules in immune cells. Further differentiation of T and B cells after proliferation into fully functional immune cells is inhibited by unknown mechanisms of brequinar and deoxyspergualin. On the basis of preclinical studies, these drugs may effectively suppress clinical rejection that is acute (all), chronic (rapamycin, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil), or antibody mediated (brequinar, deoxyspergualin, mycophenolate mofetil, rapamycin, leflunomide). Some drugs (FK506, deoxyspergualin, mycophenolate mofetil, rapamycin, leflunomide) may reverse acute rejection refractory to conventional immunosuppression. Not only do these new drugs block different biochemical steps that normally lead to fully functional T and B cells after stimulation by alloantigen, but their toxicity profiles also differ. Results from preclinical studies predict that use of selected combinations of these drugs will be more effective, less nephrotoxic, less myelotoxic, and less broadly immunosuppressive than current regimens based on cyclosporine, T-cell depletion, steroids, and azathioprine.
Novos rumos da preservação digital: das estratégias aos sistemas informatizados

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Objective. This study makes a brief reflection on the preservation of digital records, highlighting the relationship between institutional policies, digital preservation strategies, and computerized systems of management and preservation.Method. It consists of the lifting of bibliographic material previously published in the areas of Archival Science and Information Science, resulting in an unsystematic review article. Consulted sources consist of books, theses, texts on websites and scientific journal articles indexed in Google Scholar, with a time frame for the last twenty years.Results. The literature leads to the need to define in advance the policies of digital preservation, and after, implementing computerized systems for management and preservation, maintaining high levels of interoperability. In addition, it is noted the issue of keeping an unbroken chain of custody covering the three ages of the document life cycle.Conclusions. This study synthesizes aspects of a digital preservation system basically managed in two distinct stages, but interoperable. This reinforces the discussions on the chain of documentary custody and interoperability between standards, computerized systems and other software used in the collection.
Supplementary Material for: HIV-1 Nef Interacts with HCV Core, Recruits TRAF2, TRAF5 and TRAF6, and Stimulates HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) signaling plays a central role in many biological activities, such as the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and control of apoptosis, which are key events in the pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Here we show that TRAF2, TRAF5 and TRAF6 interact with the HIV-1 Nef protein, an immunomodulatory viral protein expressed and released by cells infected by the virus. We also found that TRAF2 and TRAF5 interact with the HCV Core protein. Interestingly, we observed that HIV-1 Nef interacts with HCV Core. The activation of TRAF (2, 5, 6) - mediated by HIV-1 Nef and HCV Core - enhanced the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and increased HIV-1 replication in monocyte- derived macrophages (MDMs). The knockdown of TRAF2, TRAF5 and TRAF6 resulted in decreased NF-κB activation and reduced HIV-1 replication in MDMs. Our results reveal a mechanism by which the activation of the TRAF pathway by HIV-1 Nef and HCV Core favors the replication of HIV-1 in macrophages and could be a critical factor for optimal replication of HIV-1 in macrophages of HIV-HCV-coinfected patients.
TIMING OF LAYING BY GREATER KESTRELS FALCO RUPZCOLOZDES NEAR PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Kemp, A. C. 1991. Timing of laying by Greater Kestrels Fulco rupicoloides near Pretoria, South Africa. Ostrich 62: 35–39. Laying dates for a population of individually marked Greater Kestrels Falco rupicoloides, on grass- and croplands near Pretoria, South Africa, were determined for 89 nesting attempts during 1975–1988. Laying occurred in the austral spring between 23 July and 11 November. Timing of laying was negatively correlated with rainfall of the previous summer and positively correlated with rainfall of the winter and spring preceding laying. Success in fledging young was significantly higher for clutches laid before the median laying date of 1 September and for clutches laid after seasons of above average rainfall.
Hansch analysis of antitumor 4β-( arylamino )-4-desoxypodophyllotoxins and their 4' -demethyl analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj-757 086, India QSAR Lab, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032, India Antitumor activities (in vitro KB cell cytotoxicity and cellular protein-linked DNA damage data) of 4-arylamino derivatives (P1-P16) of epipodophyllotoxin and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin are subjected to Hansch analysis with various physicochemical parameters [electronic (σ), hydrophobicity (π) and steric (MR)] of the phenyl ring suhstituents (R1) alongwith some indicator variables. The best relation [EV = 75.9%, R = 0.898, F = 16.7 (df = 3, 12), PRESS : r = 0.808] relating KB cell cytotoxicity data with physicochemical/indicator parameters suggests that bulkier substituents at ortho and meta positions on the phenyl ring reduce the activity while an electron-withdrawing para-substituent increases the activity. Further, 4'-demethylation does not alter the activity significantly. The best relation [EV = 84.6%, R = 0.936, F = 28.4 (df = 3, 12), PRESS : r = 0.890] involving cellular protein-DNA complex formation data shows that 4cdeinethyl derivatives have higher activity. The equation also suggests that size of ortho-sub­stituent and lipophilicity of meta and para substituents (R1) on the phenyl ring have negative contributions. Poor correlation (r = 0.396) is found between the two types of activity data. The hypothesis that DNA-breakage is insufficient to cause cell death may explain the lack of correlation between the activity parameters.
COMPARISON OF INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR MEASURING SEED HARDNESS OF FOOD‐GRADE SOYBEAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Breeding specialty soybeans for the soyfood market requires proper methodology in evaluation of seed quality attributes. In this study, efficient methods that could be potentially used for testing soybean seed hardness were developed by examining different instruments and seed parameters. Five food‐grade soybean genotypes with different seed sizes were used to determine seed water‐absorption capacity and hardness. Water absorption capacity was expressed by swell ratios for seed weight, seed dimension, and volume of water changes before and after soaking. Seed hardness test was conducted by a one‐bite method using a food texture analyzer equipped with five different probes. The results showed that hardness testing by a 75 mm cylinder with 10 steamed seeds, single blade with five steamed seeds, and shear cell with 30 g steamed seeds produced dependable and consistent results with low coefficient of variance. However, shear cell may not be practical for early plant selection in a breeding program due to a relatively large sample requirement. Seed size can be used as indirect selection indicators for seed hardness. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Seed hardness is an important factor in determining soybean suitability for natto production. This study used two texture analyzers equipped with five different probes to test hardness of five soybean genotypes with different seed size. The methodologies for testing the seed texture of soybean have been established, which can help regulate the seed hardness testing for commercial production and provide consistent hardness references for natto breeding programs and the seed industry.
Strategic decentralization in binary choice composite congestion games

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies strategic decentralization in binary choice composite network congestion games. A player decentralizes if she lets some autonomous agents to decide respectively how to send different parts of her stock from the origin to the destination. This paper shows that, with convex, strictly increasing and differentiable arc cost functions, an atomic splittable player always has an optimal unilateral decentralization strategy. Besides, unilateral decentralization gives her the same advantage as being the leader in a Stackelberg congestion game. Finally, unilateral decentralization of an atomic player has a negative impact on the social cost and on the costs of the other players at the equilibrium of the congestion game.
Paradoxical Effect of Exploitative Leadership on Employee Performance (WITHDRAWN)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Based on paradox theory, this study aims to investigate the paradoxical consequences of exploitative leadership on employee work outcomes. From the perspective of the ‘performing–learning’ lens, we hypothesise that exploitative leaders boost employee task performance, yet inhibit employee creative performance. In a three-wave time-lagged field study with 106 leaders and 249 matched subordinates, the results confirm our hypotheses, and we also find mediating effects of performance pressure and intrinsic motivation, as well as a moderating effect of traditional value. When leaders exert more exploitative behaviours, employees with a high level of traditionality show enhanced task performance via performance pressure, while those low in traditionality display worse creative performance because of their poor intrinsic motivation. These findings contribute to the destructive leadership literature, emphasising the distinct influences of exploitative leadership on different aspects of employee performance, and have implications for management practice.