jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) stimulates bone-associated tumors through functional RANK expressed on bone-associated cancer cells?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary and secondary bone tumors clearly deteriorate quality of life and the activity of daily living of patients. These undesirable diseases become a major social and economic burden. As both primary and secondary bone tumors develop in the unique bone tissue, it is therefore necessary to understand bone cell biology in tumor bone environment. Recent findings of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) molecular triad, the key regulators of bone remodeling, opened new era of bone research. Although RANK is an essential receptor for osteoclast formation, activation and survival, functional RANK expression has been recently identified on several bone-associated tumor cells. When RANK is expressed on secondary bone tumor cells, it is implicated in tumor cell migration, whereas this is not the case for primary bone tumors. In any case, RANK is not involved in RANK-positive cell proliferation or death. In two models of bone metastases secondary to melanoma or prostate carcinoma, in vivo neutralization of RANKL by OPG resulted in complete protection from paralysis, due to metastases of vertebral body, and a marked reduction in tumor burden in bones, but not in other organs. OPG also decreased tumor formation and tumor burden in a mouse model of primary bone tumor, osteosarcoma. In all these models, tumor cells express RANK. These data revealed that local differentiation factors, such as RANKL, play an important role in cell migration in a metastatic tissue-specific manner. These findings substantiate the novel direct role of RANKL/RANK in bone-associated tumors, and its capability of representing new therapeutic targets.
Sequential and Biomechanical Factors Constrain Timing and Motion in Tapping

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The authors examined how timing accuracy in tapping sequences is influenced by sequential effects of preceding finger movements and biomechanical interdependencies among fingers. Skilled pianists tapped Sequences at 3 rates; in each sequence, a finger whose motion was more or less independent of other fingers' motion was preceded by a finger to which it was more or less coupled. Less independent fingers and those preceded by a more Coupled finger showed large timing errors and chance in motion because of the preceding finger's motion. Motion change correlated with shorter intertap intervals and increased with rate. Thus, timing of sequence elements is not independent of the motion trajectories that individuals use to produce them. Neither motion nor its relation to timing is invariant across rates.
Light-Driven Oxidative Demethylation Reaction Catalyzed by a Rieske-Type Non-heme Iron Enzyme Stc2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rieske-type non-heme iron oxygenases/oxidases catalyze a wide range of transformations. Their applications in bioremediation or biocatalysis face two key barriers: the need of expensive NAD(P)H as a reductant and a proper reductase to mediate the electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the oxygenases. To bypass the need of both the reductase and NAD(P)H, using Rieske-type oxygenase (Stc2) catalyzed oxidative demethylation as the model system, we report Stc2 photocatalysis using eosin Y/sulfite as the photosensitizer/sacrificial reagent pair. In a flow-chemistry setting to separate the photo-reduction half-reaction and oxidation half-reaction, Stc2 photo-biocatalysis outperforms the Stc2-NAD(P)H-reductase (GbcB) system. In addition, in a few other selected Rieske enzymes (NdmA, CntA, and GbcA), and a flavin-dependent enzyme (iodotyrosine deiodinase, IYD), the eosin Y/sodium sulfite photo-reduction pair could also serve as the NAD(P)H-reductase surrogate to support catalysis, which implies the potential applicability of this photo-reduction system to other redox enzymes.
Does informed trading occur in the options market? Some revealing clues

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper analyses the relationship between proxy variables for informed trading in the options market and a set of exogenous news variables. The aim was to test directly for the presence or absence of informed trading in the options market and for the possible impact of this trading on underlying asset prices. Our findings reveal that potential informed trading in options markets is channelled basically through out‐of‐the‐money options, except for volatility trading which mainly involves at‐the‐money options because of their liquidity. In both cases, we have found evidence in favour of investors’ strategic fragmentation of transactions into intermediate size trades (stealth trading). Finally, it is shown that lack of consensus among agents also generates increased trading, particularly in out‐of‐the‐money and at‐the‐money options.
Quantifying the Risks of Unexploded Ordnance at Closed Military Bases

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Some 1,976 sites at closed military bases in the United States are contaminated with unexploded ordnance (UXO) left over from live-fire weapons training. These sites present risks to civilians who might come into contact with the UXO and cause it to explode. This paper presents the first systems analysis model for assessing the explosion risks of UXO at former military training ranges. We develop a stochastic model for estimating the probability of exposure to and explosion of UXO, before and after site cleanup. An application of the model to a 310-acre parcel at Fort Ord, California, shows that substantial risk can remain even after a site is declared clean. We estimate that risk to individual construction workers of encountering UXO that explodes would range from 4 x 10(-4) to 5 x 10(-2), depending on model assumptions, well above typical Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) target risk levels of 10(-4) to 10(-6). In contrast, a qualitative UXO risk assessment method, the Munitions and Explosives of Concern Hazard Assessment (MEC HA), developed by an interagency work group led by the EPA, indicates that the explosion risk at the case study site is low and "compatible with current and determined or reasonably anticipated future risk." We argue that a quantitative approach, like that illustrated in this paper, is necessary to provide a more complete picture of risks and the opportunities for risk reduction.
Peran Pelayanan Pastoral dalam Memotovasi Jemaat untuk Mengikuti Ibadah Minggu di Gereja Kristen Protestan Indonesia Simangaronsang Resort Dolok Sanggul

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the role of pastoral care in motivating the congregation to attend Sunday services at GKPI Simangaronsang Resort Doloksanggul. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The lack of congregation motivation is caused by faith that has not grown, personal problems, economic problems, and conflicts between congregations and with church leaders. The results of the study indicate that the role of pastors and elders in motivating the congregation has not been maximized. Pastoral care such as visits and coaching of the congregation is very important to build motivation and strengthen faith and the relationship between the congregation and the church. Therefore, pastoral care is a vital aspect in church life and the motivation of congregational worship.
Detection of the side faces of the image (part two)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the appearance of a person had always been the primary identity, many had researched and introduced different ways to identify people. That includes fingerprint identification and handprint identification. Face detection is one of the ways to identify a human face in images. It had since improved and used in multiple applications such as person identification and surveillance. Though the side face detection have not been able to live up to the expectation, it will be beneficial to implement side face detection on applications for criminal identification and image annotation. This project focuses on using the Viola-Jones method to detect side-view faces and analyses the results that will be obtain. The algorithm uses the Haar-basis functions to get features to be learned in the AdaBoost learning algorithm. It is implemented for the selection of features. The features then will be used to go through classifiers. C++ Computing language and OpenCV is chosen as the platform to analyze the side face detection.
Historical Perspectives on Reproductive Violence in International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter conceptualizes reproductive violence as a distinct form of gender-based violence that is not necessarily committed in a sexualized manner. Its unique characteristic is the underlying violation of reproductive autonomy, understood as the freedom to choose whether, how, and under what circumstances to reproduce. Conflict-related reproductive violence may occur in various manifestations. This includes, for example, forced sterilization as a negative form and forced pregnancy as a positive form of reproductive targeting, which have been documented throughout history. Nevertheless, reproductive violence has rarely been addressed within the international criminal legal discourse. While post-World War II trials set important precedents particularly with regard to the act of forced sterilization, the prosecution of reproductive violence under international law has thus far remained limited to genocidal or similar group-related scenarios. Giving an overview on historical documentations of conflict-related reproductive violence and transferring insights from the discourse on reproductive human rights, this chapter argues that international criminal law and practice should address reproductive violence as a violation of reproductive autonomy independently of its possible collective dimension.
Influence of high oxygenated biofuels on micro-gas turbine engine for reduced emission

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of additives in Jet-A fuel blends, especially on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Jet-A fuel was formed by using Kay’s and Gruenberg–Nissan mixing rules by adding additive glycerol with TiO 2 . While measuring the combustion performance, the amount of oxygen content present in fuel and atomization are the key factors to consider. As such, the Jet-A fuel was created by adding additives at different proportion. A small gas turbine engine was used for conducting tests. All tests were carried out at different load conditions for all the fuel blends such as neat Jet-A fuel, G10T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO 2 and Jet-A 90%), G20T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO 2 and Jet-A 90%) and G30T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO 2 and Jet-A 90%). Findings From tests, the G20T and G10T produced better results than other blends. The thermal efficiency of the blends of G20T and G10T are 22% and 14% higher than neat Jet-A fuel. Further, the improved static thrust with less fuel consumption was noticed in G20T fuel blend. Originality/value The G20T blends showed better performance because of the increased oxygenated compounds in the fuel blends. Moreover, the emission rate of environmentally harmful gases such as NOx, CO and HC was lower than the neat Jet-A fuel. From the results, it is clear that the rate of exergy destruction is more in the combustion chamber than the other components of fuel.
Structure, Physical Properties and Phase Transition of a Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Semiconductor DBA(TCNQ)2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The present article investigates a reversible structural phase transition, and related physical properties change in a new quasi-one-dimensional (1D) organic semiconductor crystal, DBA(TCNQ)2 [DBA = dibutylammonium, TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane]. Differential scanning calorimetry traces reveal the DBA(TCNQ)2 single crystal undergoes a first-order reversible phase transition at around 260−270 K, which is accompanied by a dramatic change in both conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. A direct correlation of physical properties with crystal structure is established. Detailed X-ray structure analyses indicate a reversible structural change related to dimer−tetramer transition along the TCNQ chain and disruption of the hydrogen-bonding chains as the temperature decreases from 270 to 253 K, which is the origin of the electronic and magnetic transition.
Case Report of a Crohn's Disease (CD) Patient with Anastomotic Stenosis Unrelated to Postoperative Recurrence of CD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Crohn's disease (CD) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It frequently involves the ileum, colon, and anorectum. A 66-year-old man with CD had undergone a partial intestinal resection of the ileum for CD 27 years previously, and had been hospitalized several times, including two months prior to referral. The patient was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and distension. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an anastomotic stenosis with active inflammation and proximal intestinal extension. Colonoscopic examination revealed no abnormalities in the colon or rectum. A contrast Gastrografin enema revealed a stenosis in the ileum and a tight stricture at 3 cm with inflammation. We performed an ileocecal resection for an anastomotic stenosis due to possible recurrence of CD. Pathological examination showed no evidence of CD activity at the anastomotic region, indicating no recurrence of CD.
Improving robustness and computational efficiency using modern C++

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For nearly two decades, the C++ programming language has been the dominant programming language for experimental HEP. The publication of ISO/IEC 14882:2011, the current version of the international standard for the C++ programming language, makes available a variety of language and library facilities for improving the robustness, expressiveness, and computational efficiency of C++ code. However, much of the C++ written by the experimental HEP community does not take advantage of the features of the language to obtain these benefits, either due to lack of familiarity with these features or concern that these features must somehow be computationally inefficient. In this paper, we address some of the features of modern C+-+, and show how they can be used to make programs that are both robust and computationally efficient. We compare and contrast simple yet realistic examples of some common implementation patterns in C, currently-typical C++, and modern C++, and show (when necessary, down to the level of generated assembly language code) the quality of the executable code produced by recent C++ compilers, with the aim of allowing the HEP community to make informed decisions on the costs and benefits of the use of modern C++.
Phenotypic evaluation data of short duration Pigeonpea varieties trial for year 2016-17

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This database contains phenotypic evaluation data of short duration Pigeon pea varietal trials for year 2016-17. The research work carried out at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru. Pigeonpea is a very important grain legume crop for food other uses in Asia and Africa. It is often cross-pollinated species with a diploid number of 2n= 2x22 and genome size of 858Mbp. Every year 50 to 100 and above new crosses (and also CMS hybrids) will be made evaluated in nurseries to develop new high yielding cultivars with adaptability to different climatic/agronomic zones. Based on their agronomic performance in nurseries for maturity time, branching pattern and number of branches, pod color, pod yield and other pest and diseases tolerance characters etc, the superior progenies will be selected and advanced to further generations. The progenies selected based on preliminary/nursery data will be evaluated along with controls in replicated (twice or thrice) trials every year for further agronomic evaluation and selection. The agronomic data (days to 50% flowering and/or maturity, plant height, grain yield, grain size and color etc) of the progenies evaluated in years 2015 were presented herewith. The trial details and plot sizes were given. This data helps us to select and advance further. Finally the few best progenies among them will be evaluated in on-farm trials (OFTs) and in multi-location trials. The best performed progenies will be considered to promote/release in respective agronomic zones. Experiment location on Google Map
Development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Sars-Cov-2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 began in Wuhan, China as a disease of unknown origin, presenting \nwith typical pneumonia in late 2019. Within a short time, the disease spread to almost \nevery part of the world with over 238 million infections and over 4.8 million \nmortalities as of 12th October 2021. RT-PCR is the gold standard test for confirming \nthe disease, but issues relating to its tedious workflow, lengthy time-to-result, \nexpensive equipment need, and high skill requirements limit its use especially in \nresource-limited countries. Rapid antigen and antibody test kits are faster and cheaper, \nbut less sensitive, and cross-reactivity with related viruses have been reported. This \nwork aimed at developing a suitable alternative assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 using \nreverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). LAMP \nprimer sets targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene of SARS-CoV-2, and the human \nRNase P (RNAP) gene (internal amplification control, IAC) were designed using \nPrimerExplorer V5. Primers were screened for specificity and efficiency using \nsynthetic N and RNAP genes by PCR and conventional LAMP reactions. The final \nchoice of N gene primer was based on amplification speed, specificity for SARS-CoV- \n2 and absence of background amplification in negative control. Concentrations of \nprimers (outer, inner and loop), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), betaine, dNTPs, Bst 2.0 \nDNA polymerase enzyme, reverse transcriptase enzyme as well as incubation \ntemperature were optimized. Final RT-LAMP assay was optimized using in vitro \ntranscribed RNA from N gene of SARS-CoV-2. Amplification products were detected visually with addition of hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye, and an assembled lateral \nflow strip (LFS) that simultaneously detected SARS-CoV-2 N gene and RNAP IAC. \nBoth methods detected up to 1 copy of IVT RNA within 40 minutes at 65oC. \nDiagnostic performance was tested using 162 clinical samples (81 positive and 81 \nnegative) confirmed with RT-PCR. Sensitivity and specificity were 97.53 % (95 % CI: \n91.36 - 99.70 %) for the colorimetric RT-LAMP assay, while LFS detection was 97.53 \n% (95 % CI: 91.36 - 99.70 %) sensitive and 90.12 % (95 % CI: 81.46 - 95.64 %) \nspecific. HNB-RT-LAMP and LFS-RT-LAMP were 97.53 % and 93.83 % accurate, \nrespectively. Overall, 97.5 % of RT-PCR confirmed clinical samples having Ct value \n12.87 – 41.10 were detected by both assays. Based on in silico analysis, the RT-LAMP \nprimers could also detect Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Lambda and Mu SARS-CoV-2 \nvariants from within and outside Malaysia. Although further work on the RT-LAMP \nassay is required, the assay can be used to augment RT-PCR in community \nsurveillance testing especially in resource-limited settings as the COVID-19 pandemic \ncontinues.
Asset Purchases in a Monetary Union with Default and Liquidity Risks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using a two-country monetary union framework with financial frictions, we quantify the efficacy of targeted asset purchases, as well as expectations of such programs, in the presence of sovereign default and financial liquidity risks. The risk of default increases with the level of government debt and shifts in investors’ perception of fiscal solvency. Liquidity risks increase when the probability of default affects the tightness of credit markets. We calibrate the model to Italy during the 2012 European debt crisis and compare it to key features of the data. We find that changes in investors’ perception played a more significant role than increases in government debt in affecting the macroeconomy. When a debt crisis occurs, asset purchases help stabilize both financial markets and the economy. This stabilization effect can occur even if asset purchases are expected but never implemented. Moreover, expectations of potential asset purchases during a crisis alter the level of economic activity in periods when there are no crises.
Estimating Immeasurable Variables of Quadrotor Using PSO Based Virtual Sensing System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the implementation of intelligent control systems in many control theory lead to the development of virtual sensing technologies which can predict most of the systems states accurately. Virtual sensing system or virtual sensor which consists of a Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) coupled with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) will estimate the immeasurable system variables using easy to measure known variables. In this paper, virtual sensor scheme which is optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced. The new scheme will be used to estimate the position parameters of a quadrator, which originally has all 12 state variables to be determined. Simulation studies reveals that the designed virtual sensor scheme is able to predict the positions state of the quadrotor accurately.
COMBINATION EFFECT OF WATER EXTRACT HERBAL LEAVES ON DRINKING WATER TO STIMULATE THE GROWTH AND BIO-CONTROL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN BROILER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effect of giving a combination of extract water from Sauropus androgynus (SL) and Moringa oleifera (ML) leaves through drinking water to stimulate the growth and health of broiler chickens. A total of 240 broiler chickens day-old chicks (DOC) with a homogeneous mean initial body weight of 40.19 ±0.18 g were randomly divided into four treatments and six replications in a completely randomized design. Drinking water treatments included: drinking water without herbal leaf extract as a control (A); drinking water with 3% ML water extract (B); drinking water with 3% SL water extract (C); and drinking water with 1.5% ML water extract+1.5% SL water extract (D), respectively. The results showed that the weight gain, feed efficiency, digestibility of feed in Group B, C, and D chickens were significantly (P<0.05) higher than Group A. In contrast, serum cholesterol levels and the number of Choliform and E. choli in chicken digesta decreased significantly (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the addition of Moringa leaf water extract, Sauropus, and their combination in broiler drinking water can improve broiler performance, reduce serum cholesterol levels and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria.