jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Proper Purpose Rule as a Constraint on Directors’ Autonomy – Eclairs Group Limited v JKX Oil & Gas plc

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The recent case of Eclairs Group Limited v JKX Oil & Gas plc highlights the pressures faced by company directors in change of control situations, in which they may be tempted to take action to prevent or discourage such change. The Supreme Court decision provides important clarity on the scope of the proper purpose rule in these (and other) situations. We explore the implications of different judicial interpretations of the proper purpose rule for the autonomy of directors in their decision‐making. We do this by focusing on the scope of the proper purpose rule, whether a subjective or objective test is employed in the application of the rule and the test for causation where a director is motivated by mixed purposes.
RELATION OF PARASITE ATTACK TO THE COLONIAL HABIT OF HYPHANTRIA CUNEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Parasitism of Hyphantria cunea Drury was measured over a 17-year period in a series of permanent study areas in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The percentage of colonies attacked by parasites was independent of both plant host and colony size, but the percentage of larvae attacked within colonies decreased in the larger colonies. For most parasite species the percentage of larvae attacked per colony was relatively constant, regardless of the percentage of the colonies attacked in any area or year. Thus the colonial habit of H . cunea imposes a limit on the overall degree of parasitism that can be achieved by most of the parasite species.
Comment on "Novel Attractive Force between Ions in Quantum Plasmas" [Shukla, Eliasson, PRL 108, 165007 (2012), arXiv:1112.5556]

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that the attractive force between ions in a degenerate quantum plasma, recently predicted by Shukla and Eliasson [Shukla, Eliasson, PRL 108, 165007 (2012), arXiv:1112.5556] using a generalized quantum hydrodynamical model, is dwarfed by the attractive force due to kinetic effects that cannot be accounted for in the previous model. This suggests that the problem of charge shielding in a degenerate quantum plasma should necessarily be a kinetic one, providing the dominant part of the attractive force.
Impacts de la pollution diffuse en milieu agricole sur la qualité des eaux de surface à l’échelle du bassin versant de l’oued Joumine : Application de différentes approches de modélisation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The protection of the aquatic environment while managing the risk of water scarcity is challenging, mainly in regions with limited adaptation capacity. There is an increasing need to improve existing monitoring networks and to establish early warning system of future trends of water quality in order to ensure a sustainable use of water resources. A specific concern is given to nonpoint source pollution from agriculture, which is often the main source of water quality degradation in rivers. In this work, we focused on the Joumine river basin (418 km2), a rural catchment situated north Tunisia dominated by agricultural activities and exposed to eutrophication problems. Aiming to present an assessment framework of the spatial–temporal water quality variability and quantify “pressure-impact” relationships, we proposed a physically-based modelling approaches involving the use of an agro-hydrological model (SWAT) and a river ecosystem model (PEGASE), operating at the watershed scale.We also analysed the utility and feasibility of coupling the two selected models in order to assess the contribution of the coupled approach in improving the modelling predicting capacity. The study highlighted the impact of agriculture in nitrate transfer and the vulnerability of Joumine water to contamination with pesticides molecules, such as simazine and epoxiconazole. It showed the seasonal behavior of the catchment and helped in identifying exposed areas to nutrients and pesticides export. The simulated concentration patterns of the studied elements showed that climate and farming practices are important factors in controlling the fate of agricultural pollutants. Results have also emphasized the contribution of different pollution sources such as livestocks and urban releases. It also proved that the PEGASE model, initially designed for temperate regions, could be used to simulate water quality in semiarid context. Some discrepancies between simulated and measured concentrations were improved by coupling with the SWAT model on a daily time step. Such application test of the two models coupling for nitrogen transfer simulation helped to identify the needs for developing an integrated interface in PEGASE allowing data communication with SWAT. These findings demonstrate that the adopted assessment approach in investigating the behavior of the studied hydrosystem can be a useful support to develop an appropriate surface water quality management program. Better results could be reached by checking sources of uncertainties and improving the validation step. This demonstrate the need to enhance the existing database with high monitoring frequency, particularly in periods of high transfer. The study of prospective scenarios of future trends in climate and land use, as well as extending the coupling method for other water quality variables will be interesting.
Overview and Evaluation of a Computational Bone Physiology Modeling Toolchain and Its Application to Testing of Exercise Countermeasures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prolonged microgravity exposure disrupts natural bone remodeling processes and can lead to a significant loss of bone strength, increasing injury risk during missions and placing astronauts at a greater risk of bone fracture later in life. Resistance-based exercise during missions is used to combat bone loss, but current exercise countermeasures do not completely mitigate the effects of microgravity. To address this concern, we present work to develop a personalizable, site-specific computational modeling toolchain of bone remodeling dynamics to understand and estimate changes in volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) in response to microgravity-induced bone unloading and in-flight exercise. The toolchain is evaluated against data collected from subjects in a 70-day bed rest study and is found to provide insight into the amount of exercise stimulus needed to minimize bone loss, quantitatively predicting post-study volumetric BMD of control subjects who did not perform exercise, and qualitatively predicting the effects of exercise. Results suggest that, with additional data, the toolchain could be improved to aid in developing customized in-flight exercise regimens and predict exercise effectiveness.
New mechanism of the schoch effect in nonmagnetic dielectrics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new type of a linear relation between the components of the magnetic field vector and those of the elastic strain tensor (a dynamic piezomagnetic interaction) is proposed. This relation is irrespective of the crystal symmetry and of the presence of a magnetic structure in the dielectric medium. This leads to anomalies in the reflection of a beam of shear bulk waves incident from the depth of the nonmagnetic dielectric medium on either its mechanically free surface or its slip boundary with a semibounded magnetic medium.
The British Society in the 1980s and the 1990s Reflected in the Poems of Carol Ann Duffy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the first Scottish and first woman to be appointed as Britain"s Poet Laureate, Carol Ann Duffy, by using the weapon of poetry, addresses a wide range of issues related to her people and her gender, including social, economic and gender oppressions confronted with by the working class of Britain.This paper, by analyzing the social situations of Britain in the 1980s and 1990s under the administration of Margaret Thatcher, studies Carol Ann Duffy"s poems, mainly those from the three collections Selling Manhattan, Standing Female Nude and The Other Country, from the perspective of their reflection of the then British society.It studies in detail Duffy"s poems and reveals three main aspects of the British society in the Thatcherite world: commercialism and moneymaking elevated as the top notion of people, selfishness and aimlessness among the young generation along with the state of despair and severe unemployment, and racial and cultural intolerance in the multicultural Britain.
Challenges and Opportunities for Bayesian Statistics in Proteomics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Proteomics is a data-rich science with complex experimental designs and an intricate measurement process. To obtain insights from the large data sets produced, statistical methods, including machine learning, are routinely applied. For a quantity of interest, many of these approaches only produce a point estimate, such as a mean, leaving little room for more nuanced interpretations. By contrast, Bayesian statistics allows quantification of uncertainty through the use of probability distributions. These probability distributions enable scientists to ask complex questions of their proteomics data. Bayesian statistics also offers a modular framework for data analysis by making dependencies between data and parameters explicit. Hence, specifying complex hierarchies of parameter dependencies is straightforward in the Bayesian framework. This allows us to use a statistical methodology which equals, rather than neglects, the sophistication of experimental design and instrumentation present in proteomics. Here, we review Bayesian methods applied to proteomics, demonstrating their potential power, alongside the challenges posed by adopting this new statistical framework. To illustrate our review, we give a walk-through of the development of a Bayesian model for dynamic organic orthogonal phase-separation (OOPS) data.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals RAD51AP1 as a potent mediator of EGFRvIII in human glioblastomas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have endowed researchers with the ability to detect and analyze the transcriptomes of individual cancer cells. In the present study, 16,128 tumor cells from EGFR wild-type and EGFRvIII mutant cells were profiled by scRNA-seq. Analyses of scRNA-seq data from both U87MG and U87MG-EGFRvIII libraries revealed inherent heterogeneity in gene expression and biological processes. The cells stably expressing EGFRvIII showed enhanced transcriptional activities and a relatively homogeneous pattern, which manifested as less diverse distributions, gene expression levels and functional annotations compared with those of cells expressing the nonmutated version. Moreover, the differentially expressed genes between the U87MG and U87MG-EGFRvIII groups were mainly enriched in DNA replication, DNA repair and angiogenesis. We compared scRNA-seq data with bulk RNA-seq and EGFRvIII xenograft RNA-seq data. RAD51AP1 was shown to be upregulated in all three databases. Further analysis of RAD51AP1 revealed that it is an independent prognostic factor of glioma. Knocking down RAD51AP1 significantly inhibited tumor volume in an intracranial EGFRvIII-positive GBM model and prolonged survival time. Collectively, our microfluidic-based scRNA-seq driven by a single genetic event revealed a previously unappreciated implication of EGFRvIII in the heterogeneity of GBM and identified RAD51AP1 as an oncogene in glioma.
The use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is a regulatory fact that only 14 drugs are approved for use during pregnancy; none of them is specifically approved for use in nursing mothers. With the current emphasis on breast feeding, more data describing levels of drugs in fetal blood and drug levels in breast milk are necessary. Some of the pharmacologic properties useful in predicting drug transmission during lactation include lipid solubility, ionization constant, and molecular size (which predisposes a drug to crossing membrane barriers to the fetus and the milk).
Authentic Material and Interactive Activities in EFL Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Actively engaging EFL learners in the classroom will help them think more deeply about the course content, bring additional energy to the classroom, and help identify the extent to which they may be struggling with the material. Yet, some teachers of English are having problem to engage students’ attention. Incorparating authentic material and interactive activities such as jigsaw reading and group discussion can be alternative ways to deliver the materials.The purpose of this paper is to highlight interactive activities which can motivate students and increase their interest in leaning English in EFL classroom. Keyword: authentic material, interactive activities and EFL classroom
Metabolic Profiling Provides Unique Insights to Accumulation and Biosynthesis of Key Secondary Metabolites in Annual Pasture Legumes of Mediterranean Origin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Annual legumes from the Mediterranean region are receiving attention in Australia as alternatives to traditional pasture species. The current study employed novel metabolic profiling approaches to quantify key secondary metabolites including phytoestrogens to better understand their biosynthetic regulation in a range of field-grown annual pasture legumes. In addition, total polyphenol and proanthocyanidins were quantified using Folin–Ciocalteu and vanillin assays, respectively. Metabolic profiling coupled with biochemical assay results demonstrated marked differences in the abundance of coumestans, flavonoids, polyphenols, and proanthocyanidins in annual pasture legume species. Genetically related pasture legumes segregated similarly from a chemotaxonomic perspective. A strong and positive association was observed between the concentration of phytoestrogens and upregulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in annual pasture legumes. Our findings suggest that evolutionary differences in metabolic dynamics and biosynthetic regulation of secondary metabolites have logically occurred over time in various species of annual pasture legumes resulting in enhanced plant defense.
Nocturnal fall and “siesta” reduction in systolic blood pressure: similarities and differences age & gender-related

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prognostic value of blunted BP night-time reduction might be useful in hypertensive evaluation. In the present study we evaluated pattern and profiles of 24-h ambulatory systolic BP recording, with regard to similarities and differences during afternoon (“siesta”) and night-time periods in six groups of age of untreated hypertensives: group I, from 35 to 40 years (104 males - 72 females); group II (110 M - 102 F) 41 to 45 years, group III (151 M-125 F) 46 to 50 years, group IV (86 M-106 F) 61 to 65 years, group V (53 M - 98 F) 66 to 70 years, group VI (31 M - 61 F) 71 to 75 years. All patients were uncomplicated and with no previous cardiovascular events and they carried out 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. Nocturnal systolic BP fall into three younger group of patients was always greater compared to the afternoon in both males and females, whereas into three elderly groups nocturnal systolic BP fall was blunted and with values comparable to that observed during siesta period in both males and females. (See Figure)Open in new tabDownload slide
[Tuberculous spondylitis with a psoas abscess in a young man without an immigrant background].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis is a common disease in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Denmark the incidence is 10/100,000 and highest in HIV positive patients, alcoholics, and some immigrant groups. We describe a young Dane, who was referred to the department of rheumatology for back pain. It turned out to be tuberculosis spondylitis with a major psoas abscess.
Can artificial intelligence revolutionize healthcare in the Global South? A scoping review of opportunities and challenges

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) health applications developed in Global North countries are being diffused to the Global South but not without problems. Objective The goal of this integrative scoping review was to identify recent studies from 2022 to 2025 describing the contributions and challenges in using AI health applications in the Global South. Methods An integrative scoping review of 24 studies from seven databases identified four themes. Major Findings This review adds to previous investigations by 1) focusing on data interoperability to resolve gaps in digitizing global health data required for accurate machine learning, 2) examining formidable economic and infrastructure hurdles for adoption and implementation of health AI in low-resource countries, 3) identifying barriers faced by emerging economies for partnerships with global AI biotech companies in AI health startups, and 4) calling for regulations and global surveillance of AI health applications. Conclusions Practical implications for the future use of AI health applications in the Global South are discussed concluding that applications developed and trained on datasets from high income countries need to be recalibrated to work in the Global South. Additionally, due to the health-related disparities within the Global North the adoption of AI needs to be considered in its own context.
BUGLE BAND IMPERSONATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: JAMES ANDREWS Mouth Organ Solo by; (British Champion); With Piano. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 300.0, Rolloff: -10.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: WSC8-1 Catalog number: G22004 Other IDs from the record include: (SC8); MA12467
FIG. 229 in Mammals collected and illustrated by the Baudin Expedition to Australia and Timor (1800-1804): A review of the current taxonomy of specimens in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris and the illustrations in the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle du Havre

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIG. 229. — Primates, Cercopithecidae. Charles-Alexandre Lesueur. Yellow brown wash, ink and pencil – 27 × 42 cm. Two skulls. Inv. no. 80274. Credits: MHNH.
Does Time between Imaging Diagnosis and Initiation of Radiotherapy Impact Survival after Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims . To evaluate whether reduced waiting time influences survival of patients treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases. Materials and Methods . Retrospective intention-to-treat study including 110 patients treated with primary WBRT (typically 10 fractions of 3 Gy; no other treatment between diagnosis and WBRT). Uni- and multivariate tests were performed. Results . Median delay between imaging diagnosis and WBRT was 12 days (range 0–66 days). WBRT started within 1 week in 36%, during the second week in 28%, and during the third week in 18% of patients. No significant correlation between waiting time and survival was evident, except for one subgroup of patients. Those without extracranial metastases (potentially more threatened by worse intracranial disease control) survived for a median of 2.5 months from WBRT if waiting time was 2 weeks or longer as compared to 5.6 months if waiting time was shorter than 2 weeks (). The same correlation was seen if survival was computed from imaging diagnosis. Conclusion . If departmental resources are not sufficient to provide immediate WBRT within 2 weeks to all patients, those without extracranial metastases should be prioritised. This study did not address the impact of waiting time on quality of life or symptom palliation.
CGAP2: Context and gap aware predictive pose framework for early detection of gestures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With a growing interest in autonomous vehicles' operation, there is an equally increasing need for efficient anticipatory gesture recognition systems for human-vehicle interaction. Existing gesture-recognition algorithms have been primarily restricted to historical data. In this paper, we propose a novel context and gap aware pose prediction framework(CGAP2), which predicts future pose data for anticipatory recognition of gestures in an online fashion. CGAP2 implements an encoder-decoder architecture paired with a pose prediction module to anticipate future frames followed by a shallow classifier. CGAP2 pose prediction module uses 3D convolutional layers and depends on the number of pose frames supplied, the time difference between each pose frame, and the number of predicted pose frames. The performance of CGAP2 is evaluated on the Human3.6M dataset with the MPJPE metric. For pose prediction of 15 frames in advance, an error of 79.0mm is achieved. The pose prediction module consists of only 26M parameters and can run at 50 FPS on the NVidia RTX Titan. Furthermore, the ablation study indicates supplying higher context information to the pose prediction module can be detrimental for anticipatory recognition. CGAP2 has a 1-second time advantage compared to other gesture recognition systems, which can be crucial for autonomous vehicles.
The -L-ribo-isomers of RNA and LNA (locked nucleic acid)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The phosphoramidite approach has been used for the automated synthesis of alpha-L-LNA, alpha-L-RNA, and oligomers composed of mixtures of alpha-L-LNA, alpha-L-RNA and DNA monomers. Binding studies revealed very efficient recognition of single-stranded DNA and RNA target oligonucleotide strands. alpha-L-LNAs were shown to be significantly stabilized towards 3'-exonucleolytic degradation. Duplexes formed between RNA and alpha-L-LNA induced E. coli RNase H-mediated RNA cleavage, albeit very slow, at high enzyme concentration.
Intercultural Mediators, Bridges of Identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Margalit Cohen-Emerique et Sonia Fayman, « Intercultural mediators as bridges
between identities »
The analysis of thirty interviews of experienced mediators – both men and, especially,
women – highlights the constructive process
of intercultural mediation. When they design
their interventions, these actors develop strategies based on two main dimensions : act as
a third party and be a bridge between identities. Acting as a third party makes the mediators’ role differ from the institutional actors’
direct interventions within the family unit. As
for being a bridge, mediators play this role
when they foster communication and closeness not only among people, but also between
distinct cultural worlds. Consequently, this
specific mediation technique acts as a powerful means of mutual acculturation and possible shift in representations.