jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Displacement monitoring of crossbeams in an airport runway extension using digital image correlation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The structure of the Madeira Airport runway extension was built above the sea and is composed by a slab supported by frames at heights above 60 m. When landing in the E-W direction, aircraft touch this structure, which results in bending of the support beams. A vision system was installed under the runway in order to evaluate the deflection of the two support beams more directly involved with impact loads upon landing, but otherwise also involved in take-off or taxiing operations. Each system consists of a camera mounted on a beam, directed at the midspan of the following beam, whose displacement is set to be measured. The section captured by the camera has been prepared with a 2 m by 1 m speckle pattern target for displacement tracking using digital image correlation (DIC). A trigger mechanism was developed in order to save only the images obtained upon clear operational events. The camera acquires images continuously onto a circular buffer and compares them with a reference using DIC. When a displacement is detected, the images on the buffer, along with the frames taken in the next few seconds, are saved for posterior image processing. This system was successful at obtaining measurements for the monitored areas' displacement fields and the evolution of deflection through time for each event. Significant values for strain are yet to be obtained, as they were, most likely, too small for the system's resolution, for the events captured to this date.
Genetic comparison between Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo using isozymes and chloroplast DNA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo populations from Poland and Czechoslovakia were compared using genetic variability at isozyme markers, chloroplast DNA variation, and mating system measurements. Two isozyme loci were found to differ between the species. P. mugo was as variable at isozyme loci as P. sylvestris. Diagnostic cpDNA fragments were found using the restriction enzyme Bcl‐I. Populations that were morphologically classified as hybrids were found to be pure species, based both on isozyme and cpDNA results.
Acupuncture in developed countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

【目的】先進国の鍼の利用や制度を調査し、我が国で鍼が発展する課題を検討する。 【方法】米国・韓国・日本について、pubmed.gov、scholar.google.com、google.comで acupuncture 、regulation、educationなどのキーワードを用いて英語文献と日本語文献を検索した。 【結果】日本の年間鍼灸受療率は減少傾向にあるが、米国の鍼受療者の割合は増加し、韓国は鍼灸を最も利用していた。米国では47州とコロンビア特別区で鍼の法規制が有り、43州と特別区で鍼を医師の業務範囲としていた。2020年から連邦政府は高齢者の医療保険制度で鍼の費用を補償するようになった。韓国では伝統医学である韓医学の制度が法制定され、韓医師が鍼を含む韓医学の保険診療を行っていた。米国では医師1万人が鍼の講習を受け、医師の鍼の学会会員は1,300名以上、2018年の鍼免許保有者は37,886人。2016年の韓医師は23,845人。米国連邦政府は医療保険の適用のため、鍼施術者に鍼の修士課程修了以上の学歴を求め、13州と特別区で医師が鍼を実施するには200時間以上の教育が必要。韓国では高卒後6~7年等の教育により韓医師を育成し、国家試験後4年間の専門医研修プログラムにより鍼灸科専門医を養成している。 【考察・結語】前報を含め調査した6か国の内、医療施設での医行為として鍼を提供しない制度は日本だけであった。海外に比べ日本は医療としての鍼の情報が少なく、国民から鍼が医療として認知されないことが、鍼受療率低下傾向の一因と考えられる。日本の鍼が発展するには次の4つを検討することは重要と考える。1. 医療施設でも鍼を提供し、国民に鍼が医療として認知されること。2. 医療施設で鍼が提供される未来に向けてのはり師の対応。3. 医療施設での鍼の役割。4. 医師・はり師のはり教育。
Historical Transformation and Sustainability of Urban Representation in Korea: Focusing on the Colonial Cities of Iri and Pohang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 20세기의 도시브랜드 창출이라는 측면에서 제국 일본의 식민지 통치 목적을 도시 브랜드로 선정한 이리와 포항의 도시표상 변천을 고찰했다. 일본은 제국 전역의 도시브랜드 홍보에 명소 스탬프를 활용했고 조선총독부 체신국은 자원 수탈과 한일 관계사의 왜곡을 ‘근대화’로 내세운 명소 스탬프를 1931년부터 1945년까지 명승(15)과 명소(91), 지역 특산품(15)의 총 87개 제작했다. 이는 식민지 조선의 전통 도시의 표상과 가치 변용의 시작이었다. 그중 전통과 근대가 교차하는 문화지대는 식민 도시 이리와 포항의 지리적 변주를 만들어냈다. 이리는 토착 자원인 조선미 생산지의 농업도시에서 항공노선이 개설된 최첨단 공업도시로, 포항은 이식 자원인 포도 가공품 생산지와 사료로 확인되지 않은 진구왕후 설화를 주제로 선정했다. 그러나 두 도시 모두 1970년대 산업화 시대에 ‘보석의 도시’와 ‘포항 제철의 도시’라는 표상을 거쳐 현재는 백제 시대 무왕 설화와 연오랑 세오녀 전승설화로 회귀하여 한반도의 역사적 장소로 재탄생했다. 그밖에 일제강점기의 군항 이미지를 지속하고 있는 진해를 제외하고 대부분의 도시표상은 현재의 변화된 도시 행정과 관광에 부합하는 한반도의 역사와 지역 특산물로 교체되었다. 결과적으로 자연경관과 시대사가 반영된 도시브랜드는 도시의 특징과 가치를 읽어내는 대중의 시각이 고착되면 변화하기 어렵다. 그런데도 식민이라는 세계사적 전환점은 제국 일본이 명소 스탬프라는 도시 홍보의 획일화 기회를 제공했고 현재는 지역 캐릭터와 SNS 캐릭터라는 문화 콘텐츠로 소비되고 있다.
Storytelling with Puzzle Media to Develop Critical Thinking Abilities in Early Childhood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the critical thinking abilities of young children through telling stories using puzzle media. So far, the storytelling method has only been used to develop abilities in language and cognitive aspects which are limited to knowledge and understanding. Current educational demands encourage students to be able to think more complexly and at a higher level than just understanding and knowledge. These skills are what are called high order thinking skills (HOTS). One of the skills that surrounds HOTS is critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills can be developed from an early age. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation for 5 (five) kindergartens. The research results show that storytelling using puzzle media has promising potential for developing critical thinking skills in early childhood. Telling stories using puzzle media can help children analyze information, evaluate ideas, and draw conclusions. This research provides a new contribution to the field of early childhood education, especially in the development of critical thinking skills. The findings from this research can be used by educators and parents to design more effective and enjoyable learning activities for young children.
The Water Mine of the Casa del Rey Moro in Ronda (Málaga, Spain): a case of reconciling private tourism promotion and the generation of heritage knowledge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The tourist exploitation of heritage assets often generates tensions between the economic interests of their private owners and the demands of the protection exercised by public administrations. However, the generation of heritage knowledge, in addition to an unavoidable action of protection, can result in an increase in the tourism potential of the property: on the one hand, it consolidates and expands its cultural interest and, on the other, it produces documentation that can be used to optimise the promotion of its values. The work carried out in the Mine that connects the Casa del Rey Moro with the Tajo in the town of Ronda is a case of this desirable conciliation between private tourism promotion and the generation of heritage knowledge. In a building of great geometric and constructive complexity, a vaulted staircase embedded in the cracks of the Tajo de Ronda, archaeological activities are proposed to reveal some of its historical keys. These archaeological activities require geometric documentation work and architectural analysis of the heritage, which is approached by combining analogue and digital resources (digital capture by scanner, photogrammetry, HBIM modelling). The results obtained have made it possible to improve the tourist exploitation of the property both directly, by enriching the visit with explanatory material in different formats, and indirectly, through promotion in different media using techniques specific to this research.
The stability of aggregates and organic carbon content after the application of gypsum, soil scarification and a succession of agricultural crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies related to the monitoring of soil quality by physical attributes are important for the evaluation and maintenance of the sustainability of agricultural systems, besides indicating the appropriate management of the environment, aiming at its conservation and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of aggregates and organic carbon after the application of gypsum, soil scarification and a succession of crops. The treatments consisted of an absence and addition of gypsum, absence and presence of soil scarification, and three systems of crops in succession. The experimental design was made of randomized blocks, in a 2x2x4 factorial scheme, with eight replications. The aggregates were evaluated as stabled in water and soil organic carbon content. The treatment where gypsum was applied, as well as the soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow (SMBF) succession system, presented better results in soil aggregation and higher levels of organic carbon.
Building Radical Innovation Capabilities in Emerging Market Subsidiaries: The Case of Intel India

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper explores the processes that lead to new capability development in emerging market subsidiaries of MNCs. The capability in question is that of bringing about radical innovation in a reliable and repeatable manner. In this exploratory research, we study the radical innovation capability building process at Intel India using the Charter- Competence co- evolution model proposed by Birkinshaw and Hood (1988). The inferences we offer are, firstly, capability evolution process adopts multiple, intertwined pathways which are shaped by choices and actions of the head-office and subsidiary. Secondly, a subsidiary’s local embeddedness leads to newer insights, but the global connectedness renders the necessary legitimacy and head- office attention for executing such insights. Finally, a pre- requisite for a radical innovation capability is a subsidiary’s initiative in setting up an incremental program that offers a run rate of ideas to build on, and that such a capability can’t be imported from the parent organization.
Abstract 5296: FOXP1 expression is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) is considered as both a tumor suppressor candidate and a potential oncogene. Here, we investigated FOXP1 expression in cervical cancer, and the clinical significance of FOXP1 and it's mechanism of action in cervical cancer. Methods: To investigate the potential correlation between FOXP1 and various clinicopathologic parameters, we assessed the expression of FOXP1 in archival tumor tissue specimens from 158 patients with cervical cancer and 280 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as well as 378 matched nonadjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Subsequently, we studied the FOXP1's functional role by small interfering RNA (siRNA) approaches. Results: IHC staining demonstrated that FOXP1 expression increased during the normal to tumor transition of cervical carcinoma (P&lt;0.001), and this increased expression was significantly associated with tumor stage (P = 0.009) and tumor grade (P&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, FOXP1+ (P = 0.031) and tumor stage (P = 0.032) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. FOXP1 knockdown by siRNA decreased cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis in HeLa and CaSki cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our data indicate that FOXP1 has a crucial role in cervical cancer progression, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, supporting that FOXP1 may be used as a promising novel target for therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Hanbyoul Cho, Woo Kyeom Yang, Sol Kim, Ha-Yeon Shin, Eun Ju Lee, Jae-Hoon Kim. FOXP1 expression is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5296. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5296
What if Martin Luther Had Read the Dead Sea Scrolls? Historical Particularity and Theological Interpretation in Pauline Theology: Galatians as a Test Case

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study argues that a more attentive focus on the sociohistorical context of Paul's letters can lead to a fruitful theological exploration of Paul's theology that approximates fairly closely some of the key emphases of the Reformed/Lutheran tradition. Though the Reformation tradition of exegeting Paul's letters has properly grasped many of the central themes of Paul's theology, it has often lacked attention to historical particularity and social realism. Yet, a better grasp of the particulars can lead to a richer theological paradigm. As an example, this study examines Gal 2:11–21 with specific attention given to "works of law," "faith of Christ," and "righteousness" in order to demonstrate how one might shift from historical criticism to a theological interpretation within the Reformed/Lutheran tradition.
Distinct Roles of Rock (Rho-Kinase) and Mlck in Spatial Regulation of Mlc Phosphorylation for Assembly of Stress Fibers and Focal Adhesions in 3t3 Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ROCK (Rho-kinase), an effector molecule of RhoA, phosphorylates the myosin binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase and inhibits the phosphatase activity. This inhibition increases phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) of myosin II, which is suggested to induce RhoA-mediated assembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions. ROCK is also known to directly phosphorylate MLC in vitro; however, the physiological significance of this MLC kinase activity is unknown. It is also not clear whether MLC phosphorylation alone is sufficient for the assembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions. We have developed two reagents with opposing effects on myosin phosphatase. One is an antibody against MBS that is able to inhibit myosin phosphatase activity. The other is a truncation mutant of MBS that constitutively activates myosin phosphatase. Through microinjection of these two reagents followed by immunofluorescence with a specific antibody against phosphorylated MLC, we have found that MLC phosphorylation is both necessary and sufficient for the assembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions in 3T3 fibroblasts. The assembly of stress fibers in the center of cells requires ROCK activity in addition to the inhibition of myosin phosphatase, suggesting that ROCK not only inhibits myosin phosphatase but also phosphorylates MLC directly in the center of cells. At the cell periphery, on the other hand, MLCK but not ROCK appears to be the kinase responsible for phosphorylating MLC. These results suggest that ROCK and MLCK play distinct roles in spatial regulation of MLC phosphorylation.
DC mobilization from the skin requires docking to immobilized CCL21 on lymphatic endothelium and intralymphatic crawling

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dendritic cells (DCs) must travel through lymphatics to carry skin antigens into lymph nodes. The processes controlling their mobilization and migration have not been completely delineated. We studied how DCs in live mice respond to skin inflammation, transmigrate through lymphatic endothelium, and propagate in initial lymphatics. At steady state, dermal DCs remain sessile along blood vessels. Inflammation mobilizes them, accelerating their interstitial motility 2.5-fold. CCR7-deficient BMDCs crawl as fast as wild-type DCs but less persistently. We observed discrete depositions of CCL21 complexed with collagen-IV on the basement membrane of initial lymphatics. Activated DCs move directionally toward lymphatics, contact CCL21 puncta, and migrate through portals into the lumen. CCR7-deficient DCs arrive at lymphatics through random migration but fail to dock and transmigrate. Once inside vessels, wild-type DCs use lamellipodia to crawl along lymphatic endothelium and, sensing lymph flow, proceed downstream. DCs start drifting freely only in collecting lymphatics. These results demonstrate in vivo that the CCL21–CCR7 axis plays a dual role in DC mobilization: promoting both chemotaxis and arrest of DCs on lymphatic endothelium. Intralymphatic crawling, in which DCs combine active adhesion-based migration and directional cues from lymph flow, represents a new step in DC mobilization which may be amenable to regulation.
Digital Image Correlation and Noise‐filtering Approach for the Cracking Assessment of Massive Reinforced Concrete Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes the use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques for the cracking assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) massive beams and walls. DIC is known to provide accurate and detailed information on displacement and strain fields. Non‐contact measurements can be used to evaluate concrete cracking of destructive tests carried out on a wide range of specimen scales. When applied to large RC structures tested outdoors or in difficultly controllable conditions, DIC‐based methods may lead to erroneous results. In this study a post‐processing procedure is presented to cope with noisy full‐field measurements. The proposed cracking assessment approach is validated on a large experimental campaign. Four points bending tests are carried out on RC beams: firstly on full‐scale rectangular beams and then on mock‐ups scaled down by 1/3. In addition, fours RC walls are tested under in‐plane cyclic shear up to failure. Digital images taken throughout the tests are processed by DIC techniques to provide in‐plane displacement and strain fields. Full‐field measurements are post‐processed by the noise‐filtering technique and the cracks patterns are identified. Crack widths are measured and compared with measurements obtained from conventional point‐based sensors (linear variable differential transformer LVDT and fibre‐optic FO transducers). The proposed DIC‐based post‐processing provides accurate estimation of cracks width for most of the tests. The analyses carried out on the two groups of RC beams show a scale‐effect on the cracks width.
Deep Roots for Aboriginal Australian Y Chromosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Australia was one of the earliest regions outside Africa to be colonized by fully modern humans, with archaeological evidence for human presence by 47,000 years ago (47 kya) widely accepted [1, 2]. However, the extent of subsequent human entry before the European colonial age is less clear. The dingo reached Australia about 4 kya, indirectly implying human contact, which some have linked to changes in language and stone tool technology to suggest substantial cultural changes at the same time [3]. Genetic data of two kinds have been proposed to support gene flow from the Indian subcontinent to Australia at this time, as well: first, signs of South Asian admixture in Aboriginal Australian genomes have been reported on the basis of genome-wide SNP data [4]; and second, a Y chromosome lineage designated haplogroup C-, present in both India and Australia, was estimated to have a most recent common ancestor around 5 kya and to have entered Australia from India [5]. Here, we sequence 13 Aboriginal Australian Y chromosomes to re-investigate their divergence times from Y chromosomes in other continents, including a comparison of Aboriginal Australian and South Asian haplogroup C chromosomes. We find divergence times dating back to ∼50 kya, thus excluding the Y chromosome as providing evidence for recent gene flow from India into Australia.
Legal Positivism and Natural Law Reconsidered, Again

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In my article “Legal Positivism and Natural Law Reconsidered” I suggested that we might be able to effect an interesting reconciliation of legal positivism (LP) and natural law theory (NL) by distinguishing two possible LP-NL debates. In particular, I suggested that we should distinguish, within legal philosophy, between theories of legal validity – that is, accounts of the existence conditions for valid law and theories (as I now would put it) of legal interpretation – and theories of adjudication – that is, accounts of how judges should decide cases. We can use this distinction to formulate two possible LPNL debates, one involving legal validity (LP1-NL1) and one involving adjudication (LP2-NL2). NL1 asserts and LP1 denies that the existence conditions for valid law and the theory of legal interpretation ensure that legal standards satisfy true or sound political morality to some significant extent. NL2 asserts and LP2 denies that the content of the correct or justifiable judicial decision must satisfy true or sound political morality to some significant extent. I sketched my own view of the relevant details of the theories of legal validity and adjudication and argued that these claims seem to vindicate LP1 and NL2 and so to allow a kind of reconciliation of LP and NL.
Improving Young Children’s Engagement in Hands-On Constructive Play at Home Through Culturally Responsive Parent Education & Empowerment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Date Presented 03/21/24 Play is foundational to childhood, learning, and happiness. This culturally responsive intervention empowers parents to facilitate their child’s occupation of hands-on constructive play, a foundation for engagement and lifelong learning. Primary Author and Speaker: Michelle Boulanger Thompson
Mechanism of high‐affinity abscisic acid binding to PYL9/RCAR1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Arabidopsis receptors of abscisic acid ( ABA ), the key plant hormone for adaptation to water stress, comprise 14 PYR / PYL s/ RCAR s proteins classified into three subfamilies I , II , and III , which suggests functional differentiation. Although their monomer–dimer equilibria may be correlated with differences in their ABA ‐binding affinities, how the dimerization decreases the affinity is unclear. Comparative structural and binding studies between PYL 9, which is a representative of high‐affinity subfamily I , and low‐affinity members of subfamily III reveals that the nonpolar triplet (Ile110, Val162, and Leu165) and Pro64 contribute to enhance ABA ‐binding affinity by inducing a shift of the ABA carboxyl group to form additional direct hydrogen bonds with conserved Asn169. Our mutation studies of PYL 1 successfully produced a monomeric mutant PYL 1 exhibiting low ABA affinity and also a dimeric mutant PYL 1 exhibiting high ABA ‐binding affinity, suggesting that dimer formation of ABA receptors is not essential for their low ABA ‐binding affinity. Our study contributes toward establishing the structural basis for the higher ABA ‐binding affinity of the subfamily receptors and provides a clue for understanding the broad spectrum of hormone actions in plants manifested by the different hormone‐binding affinity of multiple receptors.
[The plague in Finland in 1710].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the autumn of 1710 Helsinki was struck by the so-called oriental plague during four months. The infection was transferred by black rats which harboured fleas. The flea-bites caused boils. It was believed that the plague was air-borne, and the air was very humid that autumn. Big fires were lit in order to reduce the humidity, the purpose being to make it easier for the infected to breathe. Attempts were also made to dissect the boils. The carriers of the contamination came as refugees from Estland over the Gulf of Finland. The infection had spread from Turkey to Poland and Balticum after the defeat of the Finnish-Swedish army in the summer of 1709 at Poltava in Ucraine. Helsingfors (Helsinki) was struck extremely hard. About two-thirds of the inhabitants died of the pestilence. Some escaped by fleeing to the countryside. The plague spread through the country as far north as to Uleåborg (Oulu) and Cajana (Kajaani). Marketplaces became important centres of infection. With the advent of the frost in December the plague dwindled. At that time Helsinki was practically a dead town.