jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ileostomy or ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus SIR,-Dr P Dandona and his colleagues (29 July, p 325) appear to conclude from their most interesting demonstration of altered reactivity of the cerebral vasculature to CO2 in diabetics that these patients have an "inability to compensate with increased cerebral blood flow when metabolic requirements of the brain demand this."Such a conclusion is almost certainly not justified.Although CO2 has been suspected as a factor in the mechanism which couples blood flow to metabolism in the brain since Roy and Sherrington's classic study,' no direct evidence exists for this supposition and recent evidence is against it.2Failure to react to one specific stimulus can surely not be taken as evidence of an impaired ability of cerebral vessels to dilate under any circumstances.They may yet respond to the factors, as yet unidentified, which do couple blood flow to metabolism in the brain.
Autonomous Calibration of Spatiotemporal Air Quality Models via Federated Reinforcement Learning and Gaussian Process Regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

**Abstract:** This paper introduces a novel approach to autonomously calibrate and improve spatiotemporal air quality models (AQMs) by leveraging federated reinforcement learning (FRL) coupled with Gaussian process regression (GPR). Existing AQMs struggle with regional heterogeneity and timely adaptation to changing emissions profiles. Our framework enables disparate ground stations and sensor networks to collaboratively refine model parameters without sharing raw data, preserving privacy and reducing computational burdens. The FRL agent iteratively optimizes model hyperparameters and parameterization strategies within the GPR framework, resulting in significantly improved predictive accuracy and reduced calibration latency. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using simulated data representative of urban air pollution hotspots.
Matched-Pair Studies with Misclassified Ordinal Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of matched-pair studies with misclassified ordinal data is considered. Misclassification is assumed to occur only between the adjacent columns/rows. Bias-adjusted generalized odds ratio and a test for marginal homogeneity are presented to account for misclassification bias. Data from lambing records of 227 Merino ewes are used to illustrate how to calculate these bias-adjusted estimators and – because validation data are not available – a sensitivity analysis is conducted.
Variazione delle marche dei nessi semantici interfrastici nel testo russo: parametri, [Параметры варьирования показателей межфразовых семантических связей в русском тексте]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the paper connectors are analyzed as markers of semantic (= rhetorical) relations in discourse. It is demonstrated that Russian connectors vary as to their semantic potential, the direct / indirect way of conveying the semantic relation in question, the restrictions on the discursive rank (nucleus / satellite) of the textual units they connect, on their modality and on their communicative status in terms of theme / rheme and given / new. The latter is shown to underlie the conjunction splitting. Also such formal parameters of connectors’ variation are discussed as their syntactic nature, part of speech they belong to, the degree of freedom measured in terms of variability of their lexico-syntactic structure. Restrictions on the structural variation of phrasal connectors are discussed and some of them explained.
Do papers of high interdisciplinarity have an advantage in terms of citations? A case study of the top five Economic journals

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the interdisciplinarity scores of papers published in five major Economic journals by analysing their references. It also explores the relationship between interdisciplinarity and citation. The study considers the influence of the citation time window on accumulating citations and investigates the source of citation advantage for high interdisciplinarity papers. Empirical findings reveal a U-shaped curve relationship between the interdisciplinarity of papers and their citation frequency. Papers with high interdisciplinarity do enjoy a citation advantage, which primarily stems from the attention and citations from distant disciplinary papers and multidisciplinary journals. However, it often takes a longer time for the value of interdisciplinary papers to be recognised. Based on these findings, the study discusses the necessity and effectiveness of incentives for interdisciplinary research and provides recommendations for evaluating and managing interdisciplinary research.
Effect of beta‐adrenergic blockade with carvedilol on cachexia in severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Cardiac cachexia frequently accompanies the progression of heart failure despite the use of effective therapies for left ventricular dysfunction. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of weight loss, but the effects of sympathetic antagonism on cachexia are not well defined. Methods We prospectively evaluated changes in body weight in 2289 patients with heart failure who had dyspnoea at rest or on minimal exertion and a left ventricular ejection fraction <25%. Patients were randomly assigned (double‐blind) to receive either placebo ( n = 1133) or carvedilol ( n = 1156) and were followed for the occurrence of major clinical events for up to 29 months (COPERNICUS trial). Patients were not enrolled if they had signs of clinically significant fluid retention due to heart failure. Results Patients in the carvedilol group were 33% less likely than patients in the placebo group to experience a further significant loss of weight (>6%) (95% confidence interval: 14–48%, P = 0.002) and were 37% more likely to experience a significant gain in weight (≥5%) (95% confidence interval: 12–66%, P = 0.002). Carvedilol's ability to prevent weight loss was most marked in patients with increased body mass index at baseline, whereas its ability to promote weight gain was most marked in patients with decreased body mass index at baseline. Increases in weight were not accompanied by evidence of fluid retention. Baseline values for body mass index and change in body weight were significant predictors of survival regardless of treatment. Conclusions Carvedilol attenuated the development and promoted a partial reversal of cachexia in patients with severe chronic heart failure, supporting a role for prolonged sympathetic activation in the genesis of weight loss.
COMPARISON OF APPEARANCES OF CLOTH ILLUMINATED BY LED LIGHTING WITH THAT BY CONVENTIONAL LIGHTING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of LED lighting which show textures of materials. In the first experiment, in order to compare four different lamps, compact fluorescent lamp, incandescent lamp, two LEDs (Ra90, Ra65) are compared. Eight texture samples including satin, green satin, lame, leather, fur, hemp, green hemp and wool are illuminated by each lamp. The difference in luminance distribution between the texture is large, while the difference between the lamps is small. The results of the Scheffe's Paired Comparison (Ura's version) show the order effect and the combination effect. Therefore, in the second experiment, LED2 (Ra65) is excluded. As a result, significant effects (1% significance level) of the lamps are shown in Question ”preferable” for satin, Question ”shiny” and Question ”natural” for lame. Subjects identify the difference in the color of light between the lamps. It may be caused by the difference in duv.
NEUROGLIOGENIC TUMOR OF THE DIENCEPHALON WITH UNUSUAL CHARACTERISTICS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Neurogliogenic Tumor of the Diencephalon with Unusual Characteristics: Report of a Case with Discussion of Classification Get access D. E. Fletcher, Ph.D., D. E. Fletcher, Ph.D. North Little Rock, Arkansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WM. H. Bailey, Col. M.C. USA WM. H. Bailey, Col. M.C. USA North Little Rock, Arkansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 6, Issue 2, April 1947, Pages 128–138, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-194704000-00002 Published: 01 April 1947
Michele Koven: Selves in Two Languages: Bilinguals' Verbal Enactments of Identity in French and Portuguese.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bilinguals often report feeling like they were different persons when using their first (L1) and second (L2) language. Selves in Two Languages addresses this question by looking at how 23 Portuguese–French bilinguals self-report on the experience of speaking in L1 (Portuguese) and L2 (French), and how they explain why they feel different in each language. Findings from the self-reports are then related to their patterns of language use, and the way listeners perceive the bilinguals when they are speaking the respective languages. Koven’s approach, outlined in Chapters 1 and 2, is influenced by Bakhtin’s ideas of voicing and indexicality. According to this view, the self cannot be understood as existing separately from language; it emerges within a sociolinguistic context and manifests itself in different ways of speaking (e.g. in the use of different languages, dialects, and registers). Consequently, the use of two languages may result in the emergence of different selves, and lead to different kinds of experiences of personhood in the speaker. These enactments of selves can further produce an impression of change in the speakers’ personalities, as observed by their listeners.
A Military History of Britain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Starting his account at a time when Britain was poised to rule the world's oceans—and much of its land as well—prolific historian Jeremy Black details the nation's involvement in global affairs from the late-18th century to the present.A Military History of Britainis an account of military structures and cultures, and relevant socio-political contexts, as well as of conflicts. As in all of his writing, Black seeks to challenge conventional assumptions and offer illuminating new perspectives. Black begins by setting the background to British military history, in particular the anti-(large) army ideology, the maritime tradition, and the growing geo-political rivalry with France. After the defeat of the French in North America, Britain would become the world's leading maritime power. The 19th Century would see tension between Britain and the new United States, France, Germany, and an increasing emphasis on imperial conquests. Organized in three parts: Britain as Imperial Parent; Britain as Imperial Rival; and Britain as Imperial Partner. A primary focus of this account will be the 20th century, examining Britain and World War I (including Britain as a world power and issues of imperial overstretch) and World War II (and the subsequent wars of Imperial Retention in Malaya, Kenya, and Cyprus). As in all of his writing, Black seeks to challenge conventional assumptions, and offer illuminating new perspectives. Black details the involvement of Britain in global affairs up to the present. Recent issues of continuing importance include Britain as a nuclear power, the end of the East of Suez policy, NATO membership; out-of-area conflict (from the Falklands to Iraq), and the adjustment to new global roles. This wide-ranging and broadly-based account is designed for students and for the general reader.
Data from Oncoprotein HBXIP Modulates Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Growth of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating the LXRs/SREBP-1c/FAS Signaling Cascade

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Abnormal lipid metabolism is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that fatty acid synthase (<i>FAS</i>, <i>FASN</i>) is a metabolic oncogene that supports the growth and survival of tumor cells and is highly expressed in many cancers. Here, we report that the oncoprotein, hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP, LAMTOR5) contributes to abnormal lipid metabolism. We show that high expression of HBXIP in 236 breast cancer patients was significantly associated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. Interestingly, the expression of HBXIP was positively related to that of FAS in clinical breast cancer tissues, and HBXIP overexpression in breast cancer cells resulted in FAS upregulation. Mechanistically, HBXIP upregulated SREBP-1c (SREBF1), which activates the transcription of FAS, by directly interacting with and coactivating nuclear receptor (NR) liver X receptors (LXR). Physiologically, LXRs are activated via a coactivator containing NR motif in a ligand-dependent manner. However, in breast cancer cells, HBXIP containing the corepressor/nuclear receptor motif with special flanking sequence could coactivate LXRs independent of ligand. Moreover, overexpressed SREBP-1c was able to activate the transcription of HBXIP, forming a positive-feedback loop. Functionally, HBXIP enhanced lipogenesis, resulting in the growth of breast cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Thus, we conclude that the oncoprotein HBXIP contributes to the abnormal lipid metabolism in breast cancer through LXRs/SREBP-1c/FAS signaling, providing new insights into the mechanisms by which cancer cells reprogram lipid metabolism in their favor. <i>Cancer Res; 76(16); 4696–707. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Effect of Vibrio-Derived Extracellular Protease vEP-45 on the Blood Complement System

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that can causes wound infections and fetal septicemia. We have reported that V. vulnificus ATCC29307 produces an extracellular zinc-metalloprotease (named vEP-45). Our previous results showed that vEP-45 can convert prothrombin to active thrombin and also activate the plasma kallikrein/kinin system. In this study, the effect of vEP-45 on the activation of the complement system was examined. We found that vEP-45 could proteolytically convert the key complement precursor molecules, including C3, C4, and C5, to their corresponding active forms (e.g., C3a, C3b, C4a, C4b, and C5a) in vitro cleavage assays. C5b production from C5 cleavage mediated by vEP-45 was not observed, whereas the level of C5a was increased in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of the non-treated control. The cleavage of the complement proteins in human plasma by vEP-45 was also confirmed via Western blotting. Furthermore, vEP-45 could convert C3 and C5 to active C3a and C5a as a proinflammatory mediator, while no cleavage of C4 was observed. These results suggest that vEP-45 can activate the complement system involved in innate immunity through an alternative pathway.
Detecting rare haplotype association with two correlated phenotypes of binary and continuous types

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Multiple correlated traits/phenotypes are often collected in genetic association studies and they may share a common genetic mechanism. Joint analysis of correlated phenotypes has well‐known advantages over one‐at‐a‐time analysis including gain in power and better understanding of genetic etiology. However, when the phenotypes are of discordant types such as binary and continuous, the joint modeling is more challenging. Another research area of current interest is discovery of rare genetic variants. Currently there is no method available for detecting association of rare (or common) haplotypes with multiple discordant phenotypes jointly. Our goal is to fill this gap specifically for two discordant phenotypes. We consider a rare haplotype association method for a binary phenotype, logistic Bayesian LASSO (univariate LBL) and its extension for two correlated binary phenotypes (bivariate LBL‐2B). Under this framework, we propose a haplotype association test with binary and continuous phenotypes jointly (bivariate LBL‐BC). Specifically, we use a latent variable to induce correlation between the two phenotypes. We carry out extensive simulations to investigate bivariate LBL‐BC and compare it with univariate LBL and bivariate LBL‐2B. In most settings, bivariate LBL‐BC performs the best. In only two situations, bivariate LBL‐BC has similar performance—when the two phenotypes are (1) weakly or not correlated and the target haplotype affects the binary phenotype only and (2) strongly positively correlated and the target haplotype affects both phenotypes in positive direction. Finally, we apply the method to a data set on lung cancer and nicotine dependence and detect several haplotypes including a rare one.
Extraction of DNA from honey and its amplification by PCR for botanical identification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The physiochemical and biological properties of honey are directly associated to its floral origin. Some current commonly used methods for identification of botanical origin of honey involve palynological analysis, chromatographic methods, or direct observation of the bee behavior. However, these methods can be less sensitive and time consuming. DNA-based methods have become popular due to their simplicity, quickness, and reliability. The main objective of this research is to introduce a protocol for the extraction of DNA from honey and demonstrate that the molecular analysis of the extracted DNA can be used for its botanical identification. The original CTAB-based protocol for the extraction of DNA from plants was modified and used in the DNA extraction from honey. DNA extraction was carried out from different honey samples with similar results in each replication. The extracted DNA was amplified by PCR using plant specific primers, confirming that the DNA extracted using the modified protocol is of plant origin and has good quality for analysis of PCR products and that it can be used for botanical identification of honey.
TROPiCS-03: A phase 2 basket study of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in patients (pts) with metastatic solid tumors—Early analysis in pts with advanced/metastatic endometrial cancer (EC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5610 Background: Pts with advanced/metastatic EC who progressed on or after platinum (PT)-based and anti–PD-(L)1 therapies have a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. SG is a Trop-2–directed antibody-drug conjugate. In the open-label, phase 1/2 IMMU-132-01 basket study, SG monotherapy resulted in a 22% objective response rate (ORR) with a manageable safety profile in 18 pts with metastatic EC who had relapsed after or were refractory to ≥1 prior standard therapeutic regimen (Bardia et al. Ann Oncol. 2021). Here, we report early data in pts with advanced/ metastatic disease from the EC cohort of the TROPiCS-03 Ph2 study. Methods: TROPiCS-03 (NCT03964727) is a multicohort, open-label, Ph 2 basket study in pts with metastatic solid tumors. Adult pts in the EC cohort progressed after prior PT-based chemotherapy and anti–PD-(L)1 directed therapy [requirement for PD-(L)1 progression added in amendment], had ECOG PS 0-1 and creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min. Pts received 10 mg/kg of SG on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle. The primary endpoint was ORR by investigator’s assessment per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and progression-free survival (PFS) per investigator’s assessment, overall survival, and safety. The safety population included pts who received ≥1 dose of SG; the efficacy population included pts receiving ≥1 dose of SG and had ≥13 weeks of follow-up. Results: As of data extraction on October 11, 2022, 28 pts received ≥1 dose of SG. Median study follow-up was 5.3 mo (range, 0.4-13.1); median age 69 y (range, 44-83), 57% ECOG PS 1,14% microsatellite instability high. Pts received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1-6); 100% received prior PT-based chemotherapy, 61% prior immunotherapy, 54% prior targeted agents, and 11% prior hormonal therapy. In 20 pts with ≥13 weeks of follow-up, ORR was 25% (95% CI, 8.7-49.1). Regarding best overall response, all responses were partial response (PR). In addition, stable disease (SD) was 40% and progressive disease was 15%; CBR (confirmed complete response + PR + SD ≥ 6 mo) was 35% (95% CI, 15.4-59.2). Median PFS was 5.6 mo (95% CI, 2.3 mo-not reached [NR]) and median DOR was NR (95% CI, 2.76 mo-NR; n = 5). Treatment was ongoing for 50% of pts. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 64% of pts; most common grade ≥3 TRAEs were neutropenia (25%), febrile neutropenia (14%), and diarrhea (14%). Discontinuation rate due to TRAEs was 7%. While on treatment, two deaths occurred due to causes unrelated to SG. Conclusions: Preliminary findings showed encouraging efficacy of SG with a manageable toxicity profile in a pretreated population with advanced/metastatic EC. Safety signals were consistent with the known SG safety profile. This early analysis will be updated with the full dataset. Clinical trial information: NCT03964727 .
An Activatable 19F MRI Molecular Probe for Sensing and Imaging of Norepinephrine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Norepinephrine (NE), acting as both a neurotransmitter and hormone, plays a significant role in regulating the action of the brain and body. Many studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between mental disorders and aberrant NE levels. Therefore, it is of urgent demand to develop in vivo analytical methods of NE for diagnostic assessment and mechanistic investigations of mental diseases. Herein, we report a 19 F MRI probe ( NRFP ) for sensing and imaging NE, which is constructed by conjugating a gadolinium chelate to a fluorine‐containing moiety through a NE‐responsive aromatic thiocarbonate linkage. The capacity and specificity of NRFP for detecting NE is validated with in vitro detecting/imaging experiments. Furthermore, the feasibility of NRFP for visualizing NE in animals is illustrated by ex vivo and in vivo imaging experiments, demonstrating the promising potential of NRFP for selective detection and specific imaging of NE in deep tissues of living subjects.
Exploring Parkinson’s disease: A question and answer-based approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting 1%–2% people over the age of 65 years and up to 4% population over 85 years of age. Herein, we present four separate case-based scenarios commonly encountered in the neurology practice and provide the current evidence-based answers to commonly asked questions by patients, caregivers, and primary care physicians regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with PD, separating issues pertaining to early- versus late-onset PD, and management throughout various stages of disease. The discussion points within each case may apply across all cases.