jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Records of Copepods (Crustacea) from the Florida Keys

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract New records of copepods are listed from artificial containers and shallow waterbodies in the Florida Keys. Mesocyclops ogunnus is reported from the United States for the first time. Metacyclops cf. gracilis is reported from the Florida Keys for the first time. New collection records are presented for 12 other species. Mesocyclops ogunnus is an Old World species, and this is the third record in the Neotropics; it may have the potential to compete with the North and Central American native Mesocyclops edax. The non-native copepod species found in central and southern Florida are generally associated with plants and soils. A review of literature on introduced copepods found in South Florida is presented.
Spin-on doping of germanium-on-insulator wafers for monolithic light sources on silicon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High electron doping of germanium (Ge) is considered to be an important process to convert Ge into an optical gain material and realize a monolithic light source integrated on a silicon chip. Spin-on doping is a method that offers the potential to achieve high doping concentrations without affecting crystalline qualities over other methods such as ion implantation and in-situ doping during material growth. However, a standard spin-on doping recipe satisfying these requirements is not yet available. In this paper we examine spin-on doping of Ge-on-insulator (GOI) wafers. Several issues were identified during the spin-on doping process and specifically the adhesion between Ge and the oxide, surface oxidation during activation, and the stress created in the layers due to annealing. In order to mitigate these problems, Ge disks were first patterned by dry etching followed by spin-on doping. Even by using this method to reduce the stress, local peeling of Ge could still be identified by optical microscope imaging. Nevertheless, most of the Ge disks remained after the removal of the glass. According to the Raman data, we could not identify broadening of the lineshape which shows a good crystalline quality, while the stress is slightly relaxed. We also determined the linear increase of the photoluminescence intensity by increasing the optical pumping power for the doped sample, which implies a direct population and recombination at the gamma valley.
Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Using Recurrent Neural Networks with Occupants Location Information in Residential Buildings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a process that disaggregates individual energy consumption based on the total energy consumption. In this study, an energy disaggregation model was developed and verified using an algorithm based on a recurrent neural network (RNN). It also aimed to evaluate the utility of the occupant location information, which is nonelectrical information. This study developed energy disaggregation models with RNN-based long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The performance of the suggested models was evaluated with a conventional method that uses the factorial hidden Markov model. As a result, when developing the GRU disaggregation model based on an RNN, the energy disaggregation performance improved in accuracy, F1-score, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). In addition, when the location information of the occupants was used, the suggested model showed improved performance and good agreement with the real power and electricity consumption by each appliance.
Thermal Spray Coating: A Study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface coating is a reliable and cost effective process, used for the production of tools, materials, and machine components that requires desired surface properties like corrosion, erosion and wear resistance. The main purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. To improve surface properties such as adhesion, erosion, corrosion and wear resistance, functional coating may be used. Whereas, decorative coating such as artists paints are applied to make the product/material more attractive. Now days, number of coating methods are applied to achieve the desired functional or decorative properties. Thermal spray coating process is one of the effective and attractive methods to preserve/protect the new machine components from wear, hot corrosion, and erosion. This paper briefly explains various spray processes, their basic principles, advantages, and applications. In addition to this features, characteristics of coating methods and various corrosion prevention methods are briefly described..
Oligoryzomys Bangs 1900

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oligoryzomys sp. Karyotype: 2n = 56 and FN = 58. Autosomal complement: two small metacentric pairs, and 25 acrocentric pairs (one large and the remaining medium to small decreasing in size). Sex chromosomes: X, a large submetacentric; Y, a large metacentric. C-banding metaphases exhibited blocks of constitutive heterochromatin on the pericentromeric region of the majority autosomal pairs. The X chromosome presented the short arm entirely heterochromatic. The Y chromosome was entirely heterochromatic. NORs were localized on the short arm of one pair. FISH with telomeric sequences revealed signals exclusively at the ends of all chromosome arms and no interstitial signals were observed (Andrades-Miranda et al. 2001a, pp. 1084, Fig. 2A). The genus Oligoryzomys exhibits 15 different diploid numbers, varying from 44 to 72, and 16 different fundamental numbers, varying from 52 to 82, one of the widest cytogenetic variations within the tribe. These species also present autosomal and sex chromosome polymorphisms, in addition to the presence of B chromosomes. Presently, there was no cytogenetic information for six known species of the genus, and two karyotypes were described for still unnamed species.
Neonatal Klinefelter's Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE STRUCTURAL abnormalities of the testes of the neonate with Klinefelter's syndrome (47, XXY; testicular dysgenesis) have not been studied except in one 1,700 gm premature chromatin positive male infant. 1,2 Previous reports refer to the gonadal changes in prepubertal children and older infants with this anomaly. 3-12 Ferguson-Smith 8,12 found a marked reduction in spermatogonia in a study of testicular material from eight patients between the ages of 7 and 12 years. Similar findings have been noted in testicular material obtained from an infant, aged 3 months. 3,4 However, Grumbach 1,2 found normal testicular histology in his 1,700 gm premature chromatin positive male infant. The pathologic testicular changes found in the infant presented here support the proposed pathogenesis of this disorder, which was based primarily on studies of testes from older infants and children. Report of a Case This neonatal Negro male infant was delivered by cesarean section following
Tobacco Flea Beetle Overwintering and Spring Emergence in Cages1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Tobacco Flea Beetle Overwintering and Spring Emergence in Cages Get access C. B. Dominick C. B. Dominick Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Research Division, Tobacco Research Station, Chatham 24531 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 66, Issue 1, 1 February 1973, Pages 116–117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/66.1.116 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 08 May 1972 Published: 01 February 1973
Effects of siRNA targeting casepase-8 gene on apoptosis of HepG2 cells with LPS induced

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effects of siRNA targeting casepase-8 gene and to observe its influence on apoptosis of HepG2 cells after transfected into cells.Methods:siRNA were transiently transfected into HepG2 cells via cathodolyte liposome transfectiojn method.After induced with LPS,the interference effect was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results:siRNA could restrain the casepase-8 mRNA and protein express,and restrain the cells graning.Conclusion:The constructed siRNA expressing plasmid can reduce the expression of caspase-8,inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and induce apoptosis.The experiment provides the foundation for gene therapy of hepatic failure.
A gaussian model of the dynamics of an inextensible chain

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work an approximated path integral model describing the dynamics of a inextensible chain is presented. To this purpose, the nonlinear constraints which enforce the property of inextensibility of the chain are relaxed and are just imposed in an average sense. This strategy, which has been originally proposed for semi-flexible polymers in statistical mechanics, is complicated in the case of dynamics by the extra dependence on the time variable and by the presence of nontrivial boundary conditions. Despite these complications, the probability function of the chain, which measures the probability to pass to a given initial conformation to a final one, is computed exactly. The Lagrange multiplier imposing the relaxed condition satisfies a complicated nonlinear equation, which has been solved assuming that the chain is very long.
Study cast measurements in the assessment of incisor crowding among patients attending dental clinics in Abha city, Saudi Arabia

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Demand for orthodontic treatment is increasing in Saudi Arabia. An observational study was planned to assess the incisor crowding in maxillary and mandibular arch among Saudi males and females reporting to different dental clinics in Abha city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Five hundred and thirty-two study casts of males and females aged between 16 and 35 years without a previous history of extraction of permanent teeth were included in the study. Labiolingual linear displacement of anatomic contact points of each maxillary and mandibular incisor from the adjacent tooth was measured. Right canine mesial aspect to the left canine mesial aspect was examined for five displacements. Results: There was a high prevalence of incisor crowding observed in the study population. Sixty-four percent (342 out of 532) casts showed bi-maxillary crowding, 14% (75 out of 352) showed mandibular, and 8.1% (43 out of 532) showed maxillary crowding. About 13.6% (72 out of 532) of the study population had well-aligned maxillary and mandibular incisors while 86.4% (460 out of 532) had some degree of incisor crowding. Females had more incisor crowding (48.5%-258 out of 532) than males (37.9%-202 out of 532). Conclusion: High prevalence of incisor crowding in Abha region reported in this study necessitates long-term planning and preventive measures for the adolescent population and treatment of the adult population of the Abha city, KSA.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSESSMENTS THROUGH TABS AT PRIMARY LEVELS IN PEF SCHOOLS OF LAHORE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was designed to explore effectiveness of using tabs in assessment at primary level in PEF schools of Lahore. The paradigm of the current study was social constructivism. Basic qualitative research methods were used for data collection and the analysis procedures. Open-ended interviews were conducted from twenty-five primary school teachers in Lahore. Purposive sampling technique was used for selection of participants. Qualitative data were analyzed through the arranged of data, coding, and emerged into the themes. It was evident from this research that using tabs in assessment has boosted performance of students. The results offered significant information about research issues as examined in particular context for specific purpose to produce desired outcomes. The result of the study showed that usage of innovative technology in assessment is productive and has a positive impact on student learning in English, Mathematics, and Urdu. Findings suggested that the number of tabs given to each school should be increased according to the student’s strengths, as tabs motivate students and help in improving student learning.
Indigenous people, language and criminal justice: the experience of first language Welsh speakers in wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the commitment of the criminal justice system (CJS) for England and Wales to respond to the needs of the largest territorially bound linguistic minority group in the UK – Welsh speakers in Wales. The article contextualizes the experience of the Welsh speakers historically, making links with the experience of other indigenous national linguistic minorities worldwide. The importance of language choice is discussed and the reality of linguistic choice within the CJS in Wales is explored in a small scale study with probation staff. Their responses to a brief questionnaire indicate that language choice is not a reality for the majority of Welsh speakers in Wales. The judicial and rehabilitative consequences of this lack of choice are explored. It is argued that a focus on non‐discrimination in policy and practice at the international and national level, the vagueness of linguistic rights legislation and the centralization of the CJS in the UK leads to the oppression of Welsh speakers offenders in the criminal justice system in Wales. This article proposes that a passive approach to language choice for indigenous linguistic minorities like the Welsh is unacceptable and that a proactive commitment to linguistically sensitive practice should be adopted on the basis of social justice, equal opportunities and to effectively engage with offenders to protect the public. Nine principles for effective criminal justice practice with Welsh speakers in Wales are proposed which it is argued, have wider applicability with indigenous/substate national linguistic communities worldwide.
Using Forum and Search Data for Sales Prediction of High-Involvement Projects1

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A large body of research uses data from social media websites to predict offline economic outcomes such as sales. However, recent research also points out that such data may be subject to various limitations and biases that may hurt predictive accuracy. At the same time, a growing body of research shows that a new source of online information, search engine logs, has the potential to predict offline outcomes. We study the relationship between these two important data sources in the context of sales predictions. Focusing on the automotive industry, a classic example of a domain of high-involvement products, we use Google’s comprehensive index of Internet discussion forums, in addition to Google search trend data. We find that adding search trend data to models based on the more commonly used social media data significantly improves predictive accuracy. We also find that predictive models based on inexpensive search trend data provide predictive accuracy that is comparable, at least, to that of social media data-based predictive models. Last, we show that the improvement in accuracy is considerably larger for “value” car brands, while for “premium” car brands the improvement obtained is more moderate.
P1883Decrease of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity cause symptoms in patients with premature ventricular contraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is discrepancy the relation between physical activity (PA) and development of atrial fibrillation (AF).PA may influence on resting heart rate (RHR) and low RHR is also possible risk factor for AF. Purpose:The aim of our study was to investigate the independent effect of PA and RHR on incidence of AF in general population.Methods: We analyzed data from the Ansung-Ansan prospective population study.Baseline data including RHR and electrocardiography (ECG) were obtained at 2001.Subsequent biennial ECG was performed for identification of AF until 2016.The sum of PAs using questionnaires was divided by quartiles.Results: Analyses were based on 8811 participants aged 40-69 years.The mean age was 52.3 years, and 4235 people (48.1%) were male.A total of 128 AF developed during median follow up of 116.1 months.Compared with 1st quartile of PA, 3rd quartile of PA had significantly lower risk of incidence of AF after adjustment of RHR (hazard ratio=0.51,95% confidence interval 0.30-0.87).However, the significance disappeared in 4th quartile of PA.The risk of AF were higher in subjects with RHR <60 bpm than those with RHR of 70-85 bpm and the significance persisted after adjustment of PA.Conclusions: Based on prospective cohort study, the association between PA and AF showed a J-shaped pattern independent of RHR.Low RHR was another independent risk factor for AF in general population.
DC-Link Current and Voltage Ripple Analysis Considering Antiparallel Diode Reverse Recovery in Voltage Source Inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a method is proposed to investigate the dc-link current and voltage ripple calculations in voltage source inverters by considering the reverse recovery of the antiparallel diodes. The impact of the diode reverse recovery transient on the dc-link current and voltage within the switching period is first analyzed. The analysis indicates that the current ripple rms value is affected by the value of inverter switching frequency, diode reverse recovery time, and current. However, the diode reverse recovery shows negligible impact on the dc-link voltage ripple calculation, since the difference between the voltage ripples calculated by the proposed and existing method is less than 1%. To evaluate the estimation accuracy of the dc-link current ripple rms value by the proposed method, the experiments are implemented and the comprehensive analysis is done under different operating conditions, including various power factors, modulation indexes, inverter output currents, and inverter switching frequencies. Experimental results show that the accuracy of dc-link rms current ripple calculation by the proposed method is in the range of ±5% and increased by up to 7% compared with the existing method neglecting the antiparallel diode reverse recovery.
Evolutionary history and the strength of species interactions: testing the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A longstanding concept in community ecology is that closely related species compete more strongly than distant relatives. Ecologists have invoked this “limiting similarity hypothesis” to explain patterns in the structure and function of biological communities and to inform conservation, restoration, and invasive‐species management. However, few studies have empirically tested the validity of the limiting similarity hypothesis. Here we report the results of a laboratory microcosm experiment in which we used a model system of 23 common, co‐occurring North American freshwater green algae to quantify the strength of 216 pairwise species' interactions (the difference in population density when grown alone vs. in the presence of another species) along a manipulated gradient of evolutionary relatedness (phylogenetic distance, as the sum of branch lengths separating species on a molecular phylogeny). Interspecific interactions varied widely in these bicultures of phytoplankton, ranging from strong competition (ratio of relative yield in polyculture vs. monoculture ≪ 1) to moderate facilitation (relative yield >1). Yet, we found no evidence that the strength of species' interactions was influenced by their evolutionary relatedness. There was no relationship between phylogenetic distance and the average, minimum (inferior competitor), nor maximum (superior competitor) interaction strength across all biculture communities (respectively, P = 0.19, P = 0.17, P = 0.14; N = 428). When we examined each individual species, only 17% of individual species' interactions strengths varied as a function of phylogenetic distance, and none of these relationships remained significant after Bonferoni correction for multiple tests ( N = 23). Last, when we grouped interactions into five qualitatively different types, the frequency of these types was not related to phylogenetic distance among species pairs ( F 4, 422 = 1.63, P = 0.15). Our empirical study adds to several others that suggest the biological underpinnings of competition may not be evolutionarily conserved, and thus, ecologists may need to re‐evaluate the previously assumed generality of the limiting similarity hypothesis.
Milano, Expo 2015: problemi irrisolti e potenzialitŕ di sviluppo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The global crisis is highlighting the limitations of the relationships, not to be taken for granted, between major events and urban and regional development. The difficulties so far encountered in these relationships in Milan in the run up to the 2015 Expo are quite significant. Analyses of the progress of the projects and the acquisition of opinions from leading protagonists of local institutions provide an update on the strengths and weaknesses of this major Milan event, drawn for previous editions of the Forum. At the same time they identify some of the potential for the renewal of traditional urban development models in major events, seen in terms of their regional metropolitan dimension.
Variation in the uptake of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by different species of willows Salix spp. grown in contaminated soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The experiment assessed the variability of in seven clones of willow plants of high biomass production (Salix smithiana S-218, Salix smithiana S-150, Salix viminalis S-519, Salix alba S-464, Salix ’Pyramidalis’ S-141, Salix dasyclados S-406, Salix rubens S-391). They were planted in a pots for three vegetation periods in three soils differing in the total content of risk elements. Comparing the calculated relative decrease of total metal contents in soils, the phytoextraction potential of willows was obtained for cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), moderately contaminated Cambisol and uncontaminated Chernozem, where aboveground biomass removed about 30% Cd and 5% Zn of the total element content, respectively. The clones showed variability in removing Cd and Zn, depending on soil type and contamination level: S. smithiana (S-150) and S. rubens (S-391) demonstrated the highest phytoextraction effect for Cd and Zn. For lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), the ability to accumulate the aboveground biomass of willows was found to be negligible in both soils. The results confirmed that willow plants show promising results for several elements, mainly for mobile ones like cadmium and zinc in moderate levels of contamination. The differences in accumulation among the clones seemed to be affected more by the properties of clones, not by the soil element concentrations or soil properties. However, confirmation and verification of the results in field conditions as well as more detailed investigation of the mechanisms of cadmium uptake in rhizosphere of willow plants will be determined by further research.
Human Factors in Green Building

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

World Green Building Council suggests that health, well-being and productivity should be the next chapter for green building. There is an obvious shift of green building movement from technology-centric towards human-centric, which culminates in recent WELL Building Standard, focusing exclusively on human health and wellness. This special issue aims to push forward the research, discourse and practice of green building towards more human-oriented design solutions. Particularly, this special issue collects papers on: Post-occupancy evaluation of green buildingsIndoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)Thermal Comfort and Adaptive BehaviorsQuality of Life and HousingHealthcare Design