jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Transition Metal Catalysts for Electrochemical Chlorine Evolution Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a crucial anodic reaction in the chlor–alkali process. For 50 years, dimensionally stable anode (DSA) has been extensively used for CER. However, the DSA requires about 30 at% of precious metals, such as iridium and ruthenium, and also catalyzes oxygen evolution reaction as a parasitic reaction, invoking the cost and selectivity issues, respectively. In this work, we have synthesized atomically dispersed non-precious metal (M; M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu)-based CER catalysts to unravel their CER catalytic trends. The catalysts were synthesized by coating carbon nanotube (CNT) with polyaniline layers, adsorption of a metal precursor, silica layer overcoating, thermal annealing, followed by silica layer etching. The resulting M 1 /aniCNT catalysts showed over 90% CER selectivity. Among the catalysts, Ni 1 /aniCNT exhibited the best CER activity, surpassing that of DSA. The high CER activity of Ni 1 /aniCNT is attributed to the asymmetric Ni–N 3 structure with Ni 1+ oxidation state. This work highlights the dependency of activity on the structure of atomically dispersed catalysts and broadens the range of CER catalysts.
In-hospital contact investigation among health care workers after exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis in an intermediate tuberculosis prevalence area: A prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We carried out in-hospital contact investigations of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and analyzed the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among health care workers (HCWs) after TB exposure. A prospective study was conducted of 872 HCWs who were exposed to 55 index cases diagnosed with active pulmonary TB. HCWs after TB exposure were evaluated both TST and chest X-ray at the time of enrollment and 12 weeks after exposure; 625 HCWs (71.6%) underwent both initial assessments; 41 HCWs (6.6%) had a positive TST result. After 12 weeks, 71.1% of HCWs with initial negative TST (n = 415) underwent a second assessment. Ten HCWs had TST conversion. One HCW (0.2%) developed active pulmonary TB. In multivariable analysis, age over 30 years was associated with TST conversion (p = .02). Point prevalence of latent TB was 6.6%, and incidence of LTBI was estimated as 2.4 per 100 HCWs. Strict infection control measures should be emphasized in intermediate TB-burden, BCG-vaccinated countries, especially in HCWs with high risk for TB exposure.
Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cognitive development in chimpanzees has been illuminated through fieldwork and laboratory studies. Their life history reveals the importance of the mother–infant relationship. Females give birth at 5-year intervals on average, and the infants cling to their mothers in the first 3 months. Each chimpanzee community has its own unique cultural traditions, for example in tool use. How tools are used is passed across generations through social learning, in a process called education by master-apprenticeship. Laboratory studies in the early 21st century examined chimpanzees’ learning abilities even at the fetal stage. Chimpanzee and human cognition appear similar in both physical and social domains, and they follow the same developmental stages. However, there is a fundamental difference in the levels of complexity of hierarchical structure. Chimpanzees do not show the recursive and infinite levels that characterize human cognition. Chimpanzees are good at memorizing things at a glance but less skilled at representing things through imagination. The cognitive trade-off between working memory and language may explain the essential difference in cognitive development in the two species.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURING OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent years, developing countries like Nigeria with large human and natural resources have attracted huge investment leading to a rise in foreign investment into the Nigerian economy. To create the conditions that would attract more Foreign Direct Investment into the manufacturing subsector, the right infrastructure must be put in place. This study examined the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, infrastructure and manufacturing output in Nigeria. Time series data between the periods of 1981-2016 was used. Johansen cointegration was used to assess the relationship between Nigeria's foreign direct investment, infrastructure, and production efficiency. The result showed that the explanatory variables and the manufacturing production in Nigeria have a long-run relationship. The relationship between foreign direct investment, infrastructure and manufacturing production in Nigeria is also found to be significant and positive. Following the finding of the study, specific policy recommendations were made to improve energy infrastructure for the manufacturing sector and keep foreign investment flowing into the economy. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Infrastructure, Manufacturing output JEL Classifications: E22, F21, L60, O14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9686
Energy-Based Cooperative Control for Landing Fixed-Wing UAVs on Mobile Platforms Under Communication Delays

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The landing of a fixed-wing UAV on top of a mobile \nlanding platform requires a cooperative control strategy, which is based on relative motion estimates. These estimates typically suffer from communication or processing time delays, which can render an otherwise stable control system unstable. Such effects must therefore be considered during the design process of the cooperative landing controller. In this paper the application of a model-free passivity-based stabilizing controller is proposed, which is based on the monitoring of energy flows in the system, and actively dissipating any given active energy by means of adaptive damping elements. In doing so, overall system passivity and consequently stability is enforced in a straightforward and easy to implement way. The proposed control system is validated in numerical simulations for round trip delays of up to 4 seconds.
Paediatric haematology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood counts in children - Red cell transfusion and blood component therapy—special considerations in neonates and children - Polycythaemia in newborn and childhood - Neonatal anaemia - Anaemia of prematurity - Haemolytic anaemia in the neonate - Congenital red cell defects - Acquired red cell defects - Haemolytic disease of the newborn - Hyperbilirubinaemia - Neonatal haemostasis - Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia - Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias - Congenital red cell aplasia - Acquired red cell aplasia - Fanconi anaemia - Rare congenital marrow failure syndromes - Neutropenia in childhood - Disorders of neutrophil function - Childhood immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome - Childhood cancer and malignant blood disorders - Childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia - Childhood lymphomas - Childhood acute myeloid leukaemia - Childhood myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic leukaemias - Histiocytic syndromes - Haematological effects of systemic disease in children
LibGuides: King David: Poet, Musician, Warrior, and Progenitor of the Messiah: Books & Articles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The stone the builders rejected became the keystone exemplifies David's career. 14 generations from Perez to David, the gematria of David, that the moon is full every 14 days, signify that the Davidic dynasty is a blueprint for messianic redemption.
University Language Policies in an Era of Internationalisation: An Analysis of Language of Publishing Shift at a South African University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research reported in this article sought to interrogate the impact of internationalisation on university language policies with a focus on how pressures of internationalisation influence the publication practices and choices of language of publishing by researchers at the University of the Free State, South Africa. The research uses the theoretical framework of linguistic culture and its dyad of overt versus covert language policies. The research analysed policy documents and research output data from 2000 to 2008. The results indicate that despite the university’s articulated overt trilingual language policy, the pressures of internationalisation have led the university to adopt other policies which constitute a covert language policy, which is leading to a significant shift in language of publication by UFS researchers. Analysis of research output data indicates a mean annual shift of 1.34% towards English as the preferred language of publication at the UFS. The results point to a near complete shift to English as the preferred language of publication by researchers in the university by 2018. This development indicates that in an era of internationalisation, university language policies are but a small component of the macro dynamic that determines language choice(s) within universities.
Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy-An Update

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The field of interventional pulmonology has grown immensely and is increasingly recognized as a subspecialty. The new procedures introduced in the last decade pose unique challenges and the anesthesia providers need to readapt to their specific demands. In this review, we have discussed extensively the pathophysiology, technical aspects, preprocedural preparation, anesthetic management and postprocedural challenges of many new procedures such as navigational bronchoscopy, endobronchial valve deployment and bronchial thermoplasty. Majority of these procedures are performed under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube. Total intravenous anesthesia with rocuronium as a muscle relaxant seems to the standard US practice. Easy availability and proven safety and efficacy of sugammadex as a reversal agent of rocuronium has decreased the need for high dose remifentanil as an agent to avoid muscle relaxants. Additional research is available with regards to the utility of nebulized lidocaine and is discussed. Finally, two newer drugs administered for conscious sedation (typically without the need of an anesthesia provider) are likely to gain popularity in the future. Remimazolam is a new short acting benzodiazepine with relatively faster offset of clinical effect. Dexmedetomidine, a selective adrenergic agonist, is increasingly employed in bronchoscopy as a sedative during bronchoscopic procedures.
The potential of different fruit species as food for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Harmonia axyridis was detected for the first time in Brazil in 2002. Since then, it has been recorded from the South to the Midwest of the country. Until now, almost all the registered cases were associated with the presence of aphids, its preferred source of food. Due to the occurrence of this species in areas of fruit growing in the South and Southeast of Brazil, the aim of this study was to analyze the preference and use of three different cultivars of fruit. The tests were set at 25ºC ± 1ºC, RH 70% ± 10%, and in a photophase of 12 h and with apples (Gala and Fuji), grapes (Niágara and Rubi), and pears (Williams and Asian). In the undamaged fruit experiment, the insects did not cause any noticeable damage. In the damaged and undamaged fruit experiment, a higher and statistically significant percentage of H. axyridis adults were found in the three damaged fruits. In the different cultivar experiment the Niágara grape, the Gala apple, and the Williams pear were significantly preferred by H. axyridis adults. These results may help in the management of this insect, preventing damage, which have been observed in other places where H. axyridis was introduced.
Bringing the Walk with Ease Programme to the UK: a mixed-methods study to assess the relevance, acceptability, and feasibility of implementation for people with arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Developed in the United States (US), Walk With Ease (WWE) is a popular evidence-based, 6-week community walking programme for adults with arthritis, delivered in either an instructor-led or self-directed format. While WWE has expanded into communities across the USA, it is relatively unknown in other countries across the globe. This study, in collaboration with community and patient partners, aimed to examine the relevance, acceptability and feasibility of introducing WWE into a UK context. After initial cultural adaptation, participants were recruited into the study. Eligible (≥18 years, doctor diagnosed arthritis (confirmed or self-report), self-reported joint symptoms in last 30 days, BMI ≥25 kg/m2, and &lt;150 min/week of moderate/vigorous PA) and consented participants were randomized into two groups: WWE programme or usual care. A mixed-methods analysis approach integrated quantitative data (physical performance assessment; baseline and post-six week programme questionnaire) and qualitative data (narrative interviews exploring participants’ pre- and post-WWE experiences and stakeholders’ perceptions). Of 149 participants, the majority were women (70%) aged ≥60 years (76%). Among the 97 receiving the programme, 52 chose instructor-led; 45 chose self-directed. Participants found WWE relevant and acceptable—99% indicating they would recommend WWE to family/friends. Within both WWE formats, mixed differences representing improvement were observed at 6 weeks from baseline for physical performance and arthritis symptoms. Emergent themes included improved motivation, health, and social well-being. WWE is a relevant and acceptable walking programme with scope for wider implementation to support UK health and well-being policy strategies.
A Simple Calculator Program for Flexible Sequential Sampling of Insects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sequential sampling plans for insects have been developed using a pocket calculator (TI-59). Using the corn earworm Heliothis zea Boddie in soybeans as an example, development of the program is described for the Poisson distribution. Procedures for effecting changes in the sequential sampling model are detailed. The dynamic nature of economic and other thresholds makes the use of these plans more realistic than conventional sampling which utilizes static thresholds throughout the sampling period.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Members of the ACS Gene Family in Cucurbita maxima and Their Transcriptional Responses to the Specific Treatments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction play critical roles in plant sex differentiation. ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) is a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis. However, the understanding of the ACS gene family in Cucurbita maxima is limited. Here, we identified and characterized 13 ACS genes in the C. maxima genome. All ACS genes could be divided into three groups according to a conserved serine residue at the C-terminus. Thirteen CmaACS genes were found to be randomly distributed on 10 of the 20 chromosomes of C. maxima. The ACS gene exhibits different tissue-specific expression patterns in pumpkin, and four ACS genes (CmaACS1, CmaACS4, CmaACS7, and CmaACS9) were expressed specifically in both the female and male flowers of C. maxima. In addition, the expression levels of CmaACS4 and CmaACS7 were upregulated after ethephon and IAA treatments, which ultimately increased the number of female flowers, decreased the position of the first female flower and decreased the number of bisexual flowers per plant. These results provide relevant information for determining the function of the ACS genes in C. maxima, especially for regulating the function of ethylene in sex determination.
Theulama, the state, and politics in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the relationship between the state and Islam in Malaysia under the previous Barisan Nasional (BN) regime, focusing on the role of the ulama (Islamic religious scholars). Interactions between the ulama and the state redefine, or have the potential to do so, the contours of both the state and Islam. Drawing upon the concept of political opportunities, the paper argues that the more liberating the political opportunities are for the ulama, the more the state has to acquiesce to their demands, and thus, the ulama’s understandings of Islam. In Malaysia, wide political opportunity structures enable the ulama to drive rising conservatism, both with regard to the state and Malaysian society. The process of defining Islam is not static, as the case of Malaysia demonstrates, since the ulama adjust the definitions of Islamic concepts based on socio-political conditions. This study is situated within the literature on state-society relations, and Islam in politics.
Influence of JAK2V617F Allele Burden on Hematological Response in the Treatment of Polycythemia Vera

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background. The presence of the JAK2V617F mutation is a major criterion in diagnostic of Polycythemia Vera (PV). The role of JAK2V617F allele burden in the progression of PV is not completely understood. The significance of this variable for the progression of the disease, complications development and response to therapy are still a big question mark. Aim. To estimate the significance of the level of JAK2V617F allele burden in the treatment of PV. Methods. Seventy-nine patients (pts), 48 females and 31 males, were included in the study. PV was diagnosed from 1980 to 2016. Median age was 61 years (range, 28 - 85), median of the observation period was 4.9 year (0,2 - 35 years). JAK2V617F allele burden was studied in all pts. Patients received therapy with phlebotomy (erythrocytapheresis), hydroxyurea, interferon-alpha or combined therapy. Hematological response to the therapy was evaluated according to ELN criteria[1]. Differences between the groups were assessed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Out of the 79 patients, complete hematological response (CHR) was achieved in 8 (10%) pts, partial response (PHR) in 48 (60.8%) pts, and no response was achieved (no response - NR) in 23 (29,2%) pts. The mean level of allele burden in the group of patients with PHR was 68%(CI 57%-79%), in that without response - 65%(CI 43%-86%), and in the group with CHR was 35% (CI 19%-50%). The JAK2V617F allele burden was significantly different between the groups with CHR and PHR (p<0,03). We also observed statistical trends (p<0,09) regarding differences between the groups with CHR and NR. The JAK2V617F allele burden by groups is shown in Figure 1. Consequently, patients who achieved CHR on treatment, had lower JAK2V617F allele burden compared to patients with PHR or NR to the therapy. Conclusion. The level of JAK2V617F allele burden can be a predictive marker of a response to treatment of PV. An individual approach to each patient, including a detailed study of molecular factors, is the key to successful prevention of complications and ensuring positive outcomes. [1] Barosi G, Birgegard G, Finazzi G, et al. Response Criteria for Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera: Result of a European LeukemiaNet (ELN) Consensus Conference. Blood. 2009 Mar 10 Figure The JAK2V617F allele burden levels in patients groups by treatment response. Figure. The JAK2V617F allele burden levels in patients groups by treatment response. Disclosures Shuvaev: Novartis pharma: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria. Fominykh:Novartis Pharma: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria.
Passenger Flows at Escalators – Arriving at Count Interval for Design Flow Estimation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Selection of a count interval to extract flow data on pedestrian facilities seems to be governed by the operational environment of the facility and context of the study. Based on the flow condition, which may be intermittent, uniform, or periodic, the count interval has been found varying between 1 minute and 5 minutes. For instantaneous peaks, it is reduced to even 10s. The selection of a count interval will impact the flow values and subsequently the design requirements and operational efficiency. Present study, in this light, focusses on escalators located at metro rail stations. The study region is Delhi, India. Based on the analysis, the count interval for data extraction is recommended as 24 seconds, which is expected to result in a flow that does not cause unnecessary increase in facility size and keep it usable for most of the time. The absolute design flow value may be considered between 140–148 ped/m/min, which is the 5th highest rank order peak flow. The results are expected to optimize the resources, both for data collection and size of a facility.
Corrigendum

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the article [1] published in the May 2022 issue of Addiction, the original data for the paper is now publicly available. The complete AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS section should read as follows: A data management plan was submitted to the Swiss National Science Foundation as required. The anonymized data are publicly available in SPSS format. The shared data file, with anonymized participant-level data, is fully documented, which means that the variable labels and value labels include the full wording of questions and of response options. An accompanying .sps file includes the SPSS syntax indicating how variables were transformed for analysis. The registration and consent form and the baseline and follow-up questionnaires are available at: https://archive.org/details/@stopdependance_ch. The original data are publicly available here: https://yareta.unige.ch.
The beginning and release depth of mudstone overpressure in different evolution stages and its implication

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The beginning and release depth of mudstone overpressure in different evolution stages have been studied quantitatively by using the mechanism of mudstone break and heal.The result indicates that except the first evolution stage where the release depth of overpressure is about 2.57 times of its beginning depth,other evolution stages have the release depths about 2 times of the beginning depths.This study can help predict the times of overpressure release as well as current evolution stage and ancient overpressure value,and study the terms of hydrocarbon expulsion from overpressure source rock and the times of hydrocarbon accumulation and diffusion.Taking K1qn mudstone in Well Gu11 in Gulong Sag of Songliao Basin as an example,the pattern of overpressure release depth in different evolution stages has been studied,and its implication of hydrocarbon expulsion and preservation is discussed.
Maceration of Dietary Fibers of Okara by Successive Treatments with Acid and Alkali.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

おからの食物繊維の口当たりを改善する目的で,酸・アルカリ処理による微粒子化のための処理条件を検討した.おから試料として,豆腐製造業者から入手したもの(試料1)と表皮,胚軸部を除去した大豆から調製したもの(試料2)を用いた.少量の試料(約1g)を用いての微粒子化の定量的判定には,ガラスろ過器(3G1)を用いて吸引ろ過した際の通過割合を用いた.最適処理条件は,試料1を用いた場合,0.08M塩酸(上澄み液のpH約1.5)を加え2時間浸漬し,つぎに0.1M水酸化ナトリウム溶液(pH約12)を加え40分間撹拌することであった.その際の微粒子化割合は約80%であった.表皮は微粒子化しなかった.試料2を用いた場合,0.07M塩酸(pH1.5)を加えて90分間撹拌し,つぎに0.05M水酸化ナトリウム溶液(pH約12)を加え15分間撹拌することで,100%微粒子化した.多量の試料(50-70g)を用いる場合には,酸・アルカリ処理後に粉砕処理を行うことが必要であった.この方法によって得られた微粒子化試料はペースト状で,無水物換算で食物繊維を50%以上含んでいた.