jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of the interannual ozone loss and the permeability of the Antarctic polar vortex from aerosol and ozone lidar measurements in Dumont d'Urville (66.4°S, 140°E)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Systematic ground‐based measurements of the ozone and aerosol stratospheric profile performed in the Dumont d'Urville (66.4°S, 140°E) Antarctic station are used to study the air subsidence in fall, the springtime ozone loss, and the vortex confinement on an interannual basis. The data obtained mostly from March to October in the 1992–1998 time period are analyzed as a function of equivalent latitude in order to discriminate the measurements performed inside, at the edge or outside the vortex. The subsidence rate derived from the ozone measurements in the lower stratosphere prior to the destruction period and from the volcanic aerosol measurements in 1992 is in good agreement with the estimation provided by radiative transfer models. The analysis of the ozone seasonal variation shows that the ozone destruction starts in the beginning of August and affects essentially the inner vortex or inner edge regions. The destruction lasts up to the end of September and low ozone values are found up to the end of October, confirming the isolation of the polar vortex above 400 K. Ozone destruction rates of the order of 3%/d in the 400–475 K region and 1.5%/d around 550 K are derived from the data obtained inside the vortex. The ozone measurements obtained in October allow to study the vortex confinement which shows the increase of the ozone meridional gradient through the vortex edge from 400 to 650 K. A fine view of the vortex edge is provided by a near daily series of aerosol lidar measurements performed in October 1992, a period when the vortex was deformed by planetary waves and slanted with respect to the vertical direction.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Pilot Study on Psychiatric Inpatients in Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening complication that can occur anytime during antipsychotic treatment. Objective: The present assessment has probed the incidence and clinical profile of neuroleptic malignant syndrome among a sample of non-western psychiatric patients and compared with the available data in the literature with regard to prevalence and other associated clinical physiognomies. Methods: As a retrospective, record-based evaluation, all cases with diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome during the last sixty-two months, after ruling out other imaginable differential diagnoses, like encephalitis, meningitis and serotonin syndrome, entered the present investigation. Clinical diagnosis, was in essence also based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. The assessment of independent variables was analyzed by ‘Compression of proportions’. Statistical significance is, defined as p value ≤0.05. Results: Among 19814 psychiatric patients, during a sixty-two months’ period, eighteen cases received the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The most prevalent symptom was fever, which was observed in 100% of cases. Also, there was no significant difference between the first generation versus second-generation antipsychotics. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome was meaningfully more prevalent among male patients suffering from schizophrenia. Similarly, it was significantly more widespread amid 18-65 years old agegroup. Conclusion: While no significant difference was found between first-generation as opposed to second-generation antipsychotics, neuroleptic malignant syndrome was significantly more prevalent among young and male patients suffering from schizophrenia.
ACAR Conductors-A Techno-Economic Evaluation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

USE of aluminium for making electrical conductors is
now univeraslly well-established . Large quantities
of conductors will he required in India to sustain the rapid pace of electrification and industrialisation
and this demand has to be almost completely met by aluminium conductors owing to an acute shortage of cop-
per in the country . At present two principal types of conductors viz. AAC( All Aluminium Conductors) and
ACSR ( Aluminium Conductors Steel Reinforced) are used
for overhead transmission lines. The former make use of all strands of 99.5% purity EC grade aluminium metal, whereas in the latter a reinforcement with steel wires
is provided to meet the strength requirements of longer spans . Both these types of conductors require EC grade aluminium strands for electrical conduction for which an acute shortage exists in the country and it is likely to persist in spite of the rapid and remarkable growth in
our aluminium manufacturing capacity .
Sex Pheromone for Attracting Western Grapeleaf Skeletonizer (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sex pheromone of Harrisina brillians Barnes and McDunnough was bioassayed. Of four compounds from female tip dip extracts, only d,l-sec-butyl (Z)-7-tetradecenoate attracted male moths. Further testing showed that the d isomer was the attractant; when the l isomer was added to the d isomer, male attraction was reduced. Dose-response studies showed increased moth attraction with increased amounts of d,l-sec-butyl (Z)-7- tetradecenoate. A 100-μg dose of the d,l pheromone compared to the attraction of two virgin females resulted in an average daily male moth capture of 62% to the 100 μg dose and 38% to the two virgin females. Daily capture peaked at ca. 0845 hours (ca. 3 h into photophase [i.e., after sunrise]).
Evaluation of the Effect of Mineral Oil Exposure on Changes in the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes the type of changes in the structure and mechanical properties of 3D printed shapes under the influence of mineral oil. The effects of a room (23 °C) and elevated temperature (70 °C) on 3D prints manufactured by the FDM method and stored in oil for 15, 30, and 60 days on the change of properties and structure were investigated. The samples were produced from ABS (poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)), ASA (poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene-co-acrylate), PLA (poly(lactic acid)), and HIPS (high-impact polystyrene). Tests related to the strength of the materials, such as the static tensile test and Charpy impact test, were carried out. The structure was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, and changes in chemical structure were determined by conducting FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) tests. The analysis of the results provided important information about the impact of mineral oil on specific materials. This is critical for designing and manufacturing components that can withstand mineral oil exposure in real-world environments. The materials underwent varying changes. Strength increased for PLA by about 28%, remained unchanged for ABS and HIPS during exposure for 30 days, and decreased for ASA with extended exposure up to 14%.
The milky (path)way of proteinosis: has the time come

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After having read the paper by Borie et al. [1] in this issue of European Respiratory Review , I decided not to write a classic scientific editorial.

It is often difficult to write an editorial comment for a review article, and in this case even more so since the paper by Borie et al. [1] is one of the most comprehensive and up-to-date reviews on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) since the milestone article of Seymour and Presneill [2]. What could I add or how would I comment on the achievement that lung biopsy is now no longer required to diagnose typical forms of autoimmune PAP? Or that the passive transfer of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies (GMAbs) to monkeys reproduces features typical of PAP, thus, supporting the pathogenic role of GMAbs [3]? Or that several surfactant-associated genes and proteins may be involved not only in proteinosis, but also in other forms of interstitial lung diseases [4]?

Beyond the intrinsic value of the scientific information, the review by Borie et al. [1] also has the …
PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND TRANSPIRATING PROPERTIES OF PANICUN MILIACEUM L. AND ZEA MAYS L. ON INTERDUNAL LAND AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted in the northeastern part of Mu Us Sandy Land, which belonged to the transition zone of arid and semiarid region. The experimental materidals are Panicum miliaceum L. and Zea mays L. planted on interdunal land. The LI6000 photosynthesis analysing system was used to measure the photosynthetic rate, traspirating rate, photosynthetic effective radiation, relative air humidity, leaf temperature, airtemperature, interceller CO 2 concentration and stomate preventing force. As for leaf water potential, it was measured with pressureroom method. The dating time is at jionting stage and when the day is suny and no wind. Five health plants from every species and three leaves from each plant are choiced for determination. Each result is the average datum of five dating. The analysing results from research showed that the diurnal photosynthesis and transpiration curves of these two plants are all onepeak type; the time of transpiration peak value appearing is after that of photosynthesis peak value appearing; the photosythetic rate is predominately controlled by effective radiation and temperature, while the transpiration rate by air humidity and stomatal conductivity; both photosynthesis and transpiration rates are less decided by leaf water potential and intercellar CO 2 concentration; the two plants have similar photosynthesis and transipiration properties, water use efficiency and internal adjusting mechanism, except for narrow advantage of Panicum miliaceum L. on photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency and adaptability to high temperature compared with Zea mays L..
Exhaled breath temperature and nitric oxide in assessing children with and without respiratory disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is a potential marker of airway inflammation. Recent data suggests a relationship between EBT and the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). Factors influencing EBT and its utility to distinguish subjects with respiratory disease are scarcely known.

Aims: To compare EBT and FENO in patients with asthma, rhinitis and healthy children.

Methods: In 50 subjects aged 10.3±2.8 yr (30 males), 26 with asthma, 11 with rhinitis and 13 healthy we measured the EBT plateau (EBTp, °C), FENO, spirometry at baseline and after inhaled salbutamol, skin prick test for common allergens, questionnaires and scores for respiratory symptoms. Post-salbutamol changes (D prefix) were calculated.

Results: EBTp and FENO correlated with age (r= 0.61 and r=0.34, p<0.02); FENO correlated also with lung function (e.g. with FEF25-75%: r=-0.60, p<0.001; DFEV1: r=0.58, p<0.001). EBTp correlated with FENO only in asthmatic subjects (r=0.40, p<0.05). All children with asthma and 9/11 with rhinitis had positive skin prick tests. Both EBTp and FENO were higher in asthmatic patients with reported moderate-to-severe dyspnea in the past 4 weeks than in asthmatic patients without or mild dyspnea and healthy children (EBTp: 32.4±1.6 vs 30.2±2.8 vs 30.0±3.0, p<0.05). FENO levels were also higher in symptomatic patients with asthma than in patients with rhinitis (48.4 ppb, 95% CI: 34.7–67.5 vs 11.0 ppb, 95% CI: 9.0–13.4, p<0.001). EBTp values were not influenced by current inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

Conclusion: EBTp and FENO are influenced by subjects' age. Both markers are useful to distinguish patients with poor asthma control from healthy patients.
Land Use and Agri-Production Analysis: A Case Study in Western Uttar Pradesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study pertains to the characterization of Meerut, Muzaffarnagar and Saharanpur district of western Uttar Pradesh in terms of soil, climate and land use. Based on soil and climate, homogeneous agro-ecological units were developed for these regions and the agri-technical possibilities of improving the productivity of major crops were studied. For land use, IIRS-1D LISS III and IRS P6 LISS III of both rabi and kharif season of 1998 and 2008 were used and the homogenous units were developed by using ArcGIS. Seventy eight agro-ecological units were identified. Satellite data shows an overall 5.31% decrease in double cropped area with increase in permanent fallow by 2.57% . Shift of land from agricultural to non-agricultural uses were 4.41% in which conversion of agricultural land to built-up areas has been estimated as 2.89 per cent. The yield gaps (potential-current) of rice, wheat, maize and sugarcane for each agro-ecological units (AAU) were calculated. Water and NPK fertilizer requirement for bridging these gaps were estimated.
Theoretical atomic physics code development III TAPS: A display code for atomic physics data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A large amount of theoretical atomic physics data is becoming available through use of the computer codes CATS and ACE developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A new code, TAPS, has been written to access this data, perform averages over terms and configurations, and display information in graphical or text form. 7 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
Discussion of Several Legal Concepts in the Corvée System of the Qin Dynasty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are differences in terms of the types and nature of assignments, and beginning age to serve the country between the geng and zheng corvee. By geng or geng man is meant a man who serves the country for a month in one year. The two concepts overlap but with emphasis on different aspects of the same thing. Those who must serve in the army according to the law are called zheng , with stress on men′s service age. And those who are in active service are called zheng men. In contrast, by geng and zheng man are meant not two kinds of men, but different duties the same person should perform. There is a slight difference in the age of taking geng and zheng corvee. Firstly, a man performs geng duties when he is younger, and zheng duties when he is old and strong enough, according to the law. By this age, he should serve in the army. Within a certain period of one′s life, everyone must be a geng and a zheng man. Geng means one month. Compared with geng, zheng means to serve in the army for one year, and a man should serve in the army for two years altogether.
Descriptive Histopathological and Ultrastructural Study of Hepatocellular Alterations Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Liver sinusoids are lined by fenestrated endothelial cells surrounded by perisinusoidal cells, Kupffer cells, and pit cells, as well as large granular lymphocytes. The functional ability of the liver cells can be substantially modified by exposure to toxins. In the current work, we assessed the histopathological and ultrastructural effects of a time-course exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the hepatic structures of rats. A total of 30 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a group orally administered 250 µg/kg body weight/day of AFB1 for 5 days/week over 4 weeks, and a group that received the same AFB1 treatment but over 8 weeks. Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of hepatocytes revealed massive vacuolar degeneration and signs of necrosis. Furthermore, the rat liver of the treated group exhibited damage to the sinusoidal endothelium, invasion of the space of Disse with hyperactive Kupffer cells, and some immune cells, as well as Ito cells overloaded with lipids. In addition, damaged telocytes were observed. Taken together, our results indicate that AFB1 induces irreversible adverse effects on the livers of rats.
Arginine mutations within a transmembrane domain of Tar, an Escherichia coli aspartate receptor, can drive homodimer dissociation and heterodimer association in vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interactions between the TM (transmembrane) domains of many membrane proteins are important for their proper functioning. Mutations of residues into positively charged ones within TM domains were reported to be involved in many genetic diseases, possibly because these mutations affect the self- and/or hetero-assembly of the corresponding proteins. To our knowledge, despite significant progress in understanding the role of various amino acids in TM–TM interactions in vivo, the direct effect of positively charged residues on these interactions has not been studied. To address this issue, we employed the N-terminal TM domain of the aspartate receptor (Tar-1) as a dimerization model system. We expressed within the ToxR TM assembly system several Tar-1 constructs that dimerize via polar- or non-polar amino acid motifs, and mutated these by replacement with a single arginine residue. Our results have revealed that a mutation in each of the motifs significantly reduced the ability of the TMs to dimerize. Furthermore, a Tar-1 construct that contained two arginine residues was unable to correctly integrate itself into the membrane. Nevertheless, an exogenous synthetic Tar-1 peptide containing these two arginine residues was able to inhibit in vivo the marked dimerization of a mutant Tar-1 construct that contained two glutamate residues at similar positions. This indicates that hetero-assembly of TM domains can be mediated by the interaction of two oppositely charged residues, probably by formation of ion pairs. This study broadens our knowledge regarding the effect of positively charged residues on TM–TM interactions in vivo, and provides a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit uncontrolled dimerization of TM domains caused by mutations of polar amino acids.
Lateralization for faces in prereaders depends on the perceptual processing level: An EEG Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The developmental origin of human adults’ right hemispheric lateralization to face stimuli is unclear, in particular because young infants’ right hemispheric advantage in face perception is no longer present in preschool children, before written language acquisition. Here we used fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with scalp electrophysiology to test 52 preschool children (5 years old) at two levels of face processing (i.e., faces vs. objects, or discrimination between individual faces). While the contrast between faces and nonface objects elicits strictly bilateral occipital responses in children, discrimination of faces on the basis of identity in the same children is associated with a strong right hemispheric lateralization over the occipito-temporal cortex. Inversion of the face stimuli does not modulate right lateralization but significantly decreases the discrimination response. Furthermore, there is no relationship between right hemispheric lateralization in individual face discrimination and preschool levels of letter recognition. These observations suggest that right lateralization for face perception is essentially driven by the necessity to process faces at the level of identity. Overall, they also challenge the view that the adult right hemispheric lateralization for face perception emerges late and slowly during childhood due to increased competition with left lateralized posterior network for reading.
Polyphase filter architectures for MPEG audio using fast IDCT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a fast architecture by using a fast IDCT algorithm for polyphase analysis subband filtering, a computational-intensive operation in MPEG audio coding. Our basic approach is to use only one adder/subtractor and one multiplier, but each has its own data bus, and a process controller is used to control the overall processing. The bus width is found by finite wordlength simulation. Simulation results and summaries have shown that a low cost adder/subtractor and multiplier in VLSI implementation can be designed for real-time applications.
TO THE MATTER OF STUDYING SHYNESS IN A CONTEXT OF STUDENTS’ INTERCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article considers the theoretical background for studying the conection between shyness as a personality trait and students’ intercultural adjustment. One of the principal goals of the contemporary educational systems is to stimulate knowledge and cultural interchange and form a multicultural educational environment. The adjustment of foreign students to a new culture as well as to the educational process is realized through communication, therefore the personality traits related to social interaction are expected to give their contribution to this process. Shyness as a personality trait has been conceptualized mostly based on the western empirical research. Many neurological, physiological, psychological, social and cultural correlates have been brought to light. Among the contemporary lines of investigation on shyness it is important to emphasize the role of this feature in different social interactions and circumstances. Nevertheless, the association of shyness and the intercultural adjustment hasn’t been considered in studies up to now. In the present article the authors tried to mark out the main points of contiguity of these two phenomena and ground the potential of this line of investigation.
Vicarious exploration and catalog shopping: a preliminary investigation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As catalog proliferation continues, understanding consumer characteristics and motivations that lead consumers to examine catalogs is becoming increasingly important. This research presents the results of a preliminary investigation that extends the traditional analysis of in‐home shoppers through an examination of vicarious exploration with a catalog. A previous vicarious exploration measure is adapted and initial results suggest that vicarious exploration with catalogs is multidimensional, including daydreaming, information seeking, and interpersonal communication dimensions. Individual consumer characteristics (i.e. curiosity, need for stimulation, and perceived novelty) associated with vicarious exploration are examined. The findings reveal the importance of creating novel catalogs to encourage vicarious exploration.
Evolutionary construction of emergent properties in multi-agent systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Emergent behavior results in complex systems. Emergent behavior can be observed in various systems - a colony of ants, an economy, a brain or a large network of computers - these are all systems with complex emergent behavior. The behavior of a complex system as a whole emerges in a highly nonlinear manner from the behaviors of the low level constituent elementary units. This makes traditional linear analysis difficult, if not impossible. We focus on emergent properties of massive multi-agent systems. We present how these properties can be utilized to model global behavior of the system.
Inclusion sets for the input and characteristic impedance of lossy microwave lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper exploits the geometrical properties of the Möbius transformations in an novel manner. Standard geometrical shapes as circles and spirals are directly related to the characteristic and input impedances of lossy transmission lines. Unexploited properties of inversive geometry applied to the lossy transmission lines make room for new boundaries for the impedances. Elements of visual complex analysis can be used in order to obtain margins for the real and imaginary parts of the input and characteristic impedances.