jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Partial Versus Total Trapeziectomy Thumb Arthroplasty: An Expertise-based Feasibility Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There are numerous surgical techniques for the treatment of first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis, however, controversy exists as to whether outcomes differ between techniques. This feasibility study aimed to determine if a large-scale, health-related quality of life and functional outcomes study comparing 2 surgical techniques, complete trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (T + LRTI) versus partial trapeziectomy and tendon interposition (PT + TI) arthroplasty, is possible. Methods: Patients with advanced stage arthritis (Eaton stages II–IV) of the thumb were invited to undergo either T + LRTI or PT + TI at 1 of the 2 hand surgery practices. Feasibility outcomes included: (1) Process: recruitment rate; (2) Resources: eligibility rate, eligibility criteria, retention, and compliance rates (completion of health-related quality of life questionnaires, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, EuroQol-5D-3L, and SF-36, and functional measurements, grip, key pinch, and tip pinch strength, at 1-week preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively); (3) Management: determining the practices’ commitment to the study; and (4) Scientific: calculation of the variances and treatment effect sizes (ES) of differences between procedures. Data from baseline measurements and 6-month follow-up were used for analysis. Results: Sixty patients were screened, of which 34 (57%) were eligible for surgery. Twenty-one (81%) of the 26 ineligible patients were excluded due to previous or additional planned surgical procedures on the same hand, particularly carpal tunnel release (n = 17). Twenty patients consented; 12 in the T + LRTI and 8 in the PT + TI group. The highest completion rate for the 3 questionnaires and the functional measurements, for both groups was at 6-month time point. Compliance rates for questionnaire completion at 6-months were calculated at 50% and 75% for the T + LRTI and PT + TI group, respectively. Functional measurement completion rate was 50% and 63% for T + LRTI and PT + TI groups, respectively. Treatment ES were group dependent, with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, EuroQol-5D-3L usual activities and anxiety/depression showing a large ES in the PT + TI group; the T + LRTI group showed large ES in EQ-5D state of health today. Conclusions: Authors conclude that a large-scale study is feasible and dependent on: (1) increasing sample size to account for the high attrition rate; (2) liberalizing inclusion criteria to include patients with carpal tunnel syndrome; (3) allotting more time at follow-up visits to ensure completion of all measurements; and (4) increasing staff involvement (ie, develop rapport with patients and maintain stability with research assistants).
The training of adults in Spain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 1962 (Technical Education, Dec 1962, Jan and Feb 1963), the emphasis of technical education and training in Spain has shifted more and more to the training of adults. There are two categories to which special attention has been given—firstly, those who trained as craftsmen under the old system of merely serving time in a factory. These will have trained prior to the law of 1955 and hence will be mainly older men. There are particular problems with this type of craftsman should he become redundant for any reason, because he has no qualifications acceptable to another employer in the same grade as a craftsman. Likewise, he cannot obtain promotion in his own employment, because he has not the theoretical knowledge now considered essential for a craftsman. These un-schooled craftsmen are mainly to be found in the larger centres of industry. Hence, the centres of accelerated training of adults as craftsmen (Formación Profesional Acelerada), whose development is described below, have been used to give the required background training to complete the practical skills which have already been acquired in industry.
Literacies of the Flesh in Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chris Abani’s 2006 novella Becoming Abigail depicts the coming-of-age of a young woman whose migration from Lagos to London is orchestrated, unbeknownst to her, by a sex-trafficking network. In centering Abigail’s embodied, affective, and psychic being against a backdrop of traumas, Abani renders palpable the narrative texture of the black and African girls whose lives are rendered disposable by nation-states that fail to recognize their humanity. The protagonist’s embodied practices of remembrance and quiet refusal, this article argues, point toward a literacy of the flesh in the future tense enabled by practices of survival that do not rely on notions of agency, action, and personhood as property. In its engagement with current black feminist scholarship that revisits Hortense Spiller’s concept of the flesh, Sylvia Wynter’s genres of human, and questions of resistance, this article furthers an international dialogue between African literature and thought and global black studies.
Print Culture, Islam and the Politics of Caution in Late Colonial Dar es Salaam: A History of Ramadhan Machado Plantan’s Zuhra, 1947–1960

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the history of Ramadhan Machado Plantan’s newspaper Zuhra, an independent African weekly newspaper that served as both an advocate for Dar es Salaam’s Muslim African community, as well as a kind of spiritual advisor and diviner. The content of Zuhra engages with a host of issues that were germane to its reading public, some of which were conventionally nationalist (segregation, land rights) and others which seem particularly religion (cemeteries, dream interpretations, religious counsel). Plantan’s Zuhra was often out of step with the rising nationalist movement embodied in the Tanganyika African Nationalist Union ( tanu ), which ultimately led to its estrangement and opposition to the country’s victorious nationalist party. Finally, this article explores how these disjunctions between Zuhra and tanu played out, first as a matter of a changing newspaper political economy, and second as a mouthpiece for a new Muslim opposition party.
Slaughterhouse-Six: Updating the Law of War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International law has come unstuck in time. It has gone to sleep stressing a normative future based on state “obligations owed towards all the other members of the international community,” and has awakened in a bygone world in which the state is “susceptible of no limitation not imposed by itself.” The opposing time zones seem now to exist in unison. Thus, for example, the European Court of Human Rights, in examining the impact of the Torture Convention, can split 9:8 on whether national self-interest trumps universal rules of cooperation, or the other way around. Likewise, England's House of Lords can opine in the Pinochet case that, as between a reinvigorated national jurisdiction and the developing concept of universal one, “international law is on the move.”
Emerging resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobial agents in south Korea. Clin Infect Dis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In previous studies, Bacteroides Jragilis group organisms isolated from Korean patients were more frequently resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including clindamycin, than were isolates in other countries. A recent report of increased resistance of Peptostreptococcus species prompted us to include such isolates in a study of antimicrobial susceptibility. Anaerobes isolated in 1994 at a tertiary care hospital in Seoul were tested by an agar dilution method. None of the B. fragilis group organisms were resistant to imipenem, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, or metronidazole. However, 6.7% were resistant to ampicillinlsulbactam, 20.2 % to cefotetan, 30.3 % to piperacillin, 48.3 % to cefotaxime, and 42.7 % to clindamycin. Almost all of the Clostridium perjringens isolates were susceptible to all of the agents tested, except tetracycline. Peptostreptococcus isolates were susceptible to piperacillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem, while 7.4 % were resistant to penicillin G, cefotetan, and metronidazole, and 25.9 % were resistant to clindamycin. The isolates resistant to penicillin G, cefotetan, and metronidazole were identified as Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. In conclusion, besides the well-known high rate of resistance of B. fragilis group organisms to clindamycin, the emergence of resistance of Peptostreptococcus species isolates to Jl-Iactam drugs has become obvious in Korea. The pathogenicity of anaerobic bacteria is well recognized
Zinc transporter SLC30A2 genetic variations and health implications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The SLC30A2 zinc transporter has been investigated due to its important role in zinc secretion into human milk. SLC30A2 is expressed in mammary epithelial cells, and the presence of genetic variations in this transporter could cause low zinc transport into the milk, leading to Transient Neonatal Zinc Deficiency (TNZD) in newborns. Through bioinformatics analysis 22 SNPs were identified. Therefore, we aim to identify the functional changes caused by 4 SNPs. By subcloning the SLC30A2 open reading frames into the Gateway expression plasmid tagged with red and green fluorescent proteins (mCherry, tGFP). Four SNPs were introduced by mutagenesis and tagged with mCherry. We transfected individual plasmids into mammary epithelial cells (HC11) and observed cellular targeting using epifluorescent imaging. The most common variants located to secreting endosomes and membrane in HC11 cells. Incorrect targeting of SLC30A2 causes mislocalization. It may be possible to identify mothers carrying risk genotypes for infant zinc deficiency.
High‐Strain Shape Memory Behavior of PLA–PEG Multiblock Copolymers and Its Microstructural Origin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Shape memory properties of two thermoplastic multiblock copolymers composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) having different PEG‐segment lengths of 6 and 11 kDa were studied. The performance as a shape memory polymer at high strain level (600%) and its interrelations with shape‐programming conditions, molecular orientation, and microstructural changes are elucidated. A significant contribution of strain‐induced crystallization of PLA segments to the improvement of temporary shape fixation was evidenced upon increasing draw ratio and/or shape‐holding duration as well as programming temperature (within certain range) without largely sacrificing the shape recoverability. Series of microstructural characterizations reveal the occurrence of fibrillar‐to‐lamellar transformation upon shape recovery (at 60 °C) of the samples programmed at 40 °C, generating shish–kebab crystalline morphology. Such phenomenon is responsible for the high‐strain shape memory effect of these materials. The unprecedented formation of shish–kebab structure at such relatively low temperature (instead of the melting temperature range) in solid state observed in these copolymers as well as their high‐strain shape memory functionality would bestow the promising future for their practicability in diverse areas. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57 , 241–256
UAV-borne SAR motion compensation by GPS+IMU

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is delegated as one of the high determination imaging system in microwave remote detecting. The operational components of SAR, which is different to optical detecting, comprise of an expansive number of frequency-modulated received echoes. It must be acquired in real time. As of late, airborne unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was usually showed up in SAR applications for information procurement purposes. Supposition was made on the ostensible direction of the airborne UAV to be straight line way. In reality, be that as it may, such suspicion will not hold because of air turbulence and UAV's movement mistake, which brings about extreme debasement in yield pictures quality. In this project, a global positioning satellite (GPS) was utilized to detect and repay the movement blunders of the airborne UAVSAR. By using GPS+IMU, motion is compensated for SAR.
Rethinking remote memory placement on large-memory systems with path diversity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we rethink the existing memory placement strategies for multi-chip server systems. Processor vendors such as Intel and AMD have introduced the multi-chip based high density server architecture for large-scale data centers. With the advance of the processor-interconnect, multiple CPU chips are connected through a scalable point-to-point network such as Intel UPI and AMD Infinity Fabric. Nevertheless, the existing operating systems including Linux do not fully take advantage of the processor-interconnect to manage the memory traffic across memory nodes. We present two memory placement techniques exploiting the point-to-point interconnect to improve overall throughput while minimizing the hot-spot problem.
Laos: Marxism in a subsistence rural economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Laos was, and still is, fundamentally a rural, subsistence agrarian society, and its history and development over the last forty years can only be understood in that context. Its population of about 4 million is divided among over forty ethnic groups, with the dominant lowland Lao comprising just less than half. The remaining half of the population is made up of other lowland Tai groups, midland (Lao Theung) groups of predominantly Austro-Asiatic origin, and highland (Lao Sung) groups that have migrated from China. Lowland Lao and Tai tend to cultivate paddy rice in the river valleys, while the other groups subsist on swidden (slash-and-burn) rice agriculture on the mountainsides. Except in the more heavily populated areas along the Mekong River and some interior valleys, villages tend to be isolated and rely on their own production to meet all their needs. Barter between villages is proportional to their density, and it is only recently that one can speak of a market economy expanding beyond major provincial towns.
Factors Affecting Trust in Government's digital services in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Governments have recognized the importance of transforming public services into digital services to deliver integrated, standardized, and high-quality services to the public, hence the heavy investment in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) projects to deliver innovative digital services and to open new channels for citizen engagement. As access to government’s digital services has become a human right in the digital age, government must ensure that quality and equitable digital services are accessible to all citizens. Despite the perceived benefits and opportunities offered by the digital services, uptake in South Africa remains relatively low, posing a challenge for the government. Trust is the precondition for the intention to use government’s digital services. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate and analyze factors that affect trust in government’s digital services in South Africa. This study adopted a qualitative research approach to conduct a systematic literature review. Fifteen articles, from credible online databases, were included in this study. The selected articles were published between 2019 and 2023 and were focused on South African Government. Findings show that government’s digital services improve accountability, transparency, efficiency and responsive of government, thereby increasing trust in government. However, challenges such as lack of political and management support, lack of ICT Infrastructure, poor privacy and security, lack of user participation in government innovation, affect trust in government digital services in South Africa.This study intended to make a practical contribution by providing government with research-based findings that may be used as an input into the strategies and policies developed to increase trust in government’s digital services, which may increase utilisation of digital services to build a digital society and to close the digital divide. This study also aimed to make a theoretical contribution towards the ongoing discourse on digital transformation of the public services to improve government efficiency and effectiveness.
Epidemiological aspects of osteo-arthritis: — an interview survey of the Swedish population and a review of previous studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review of available prevalence data illustrates the importance of criteria and sampling in the study of osteo-arthritis (OA). An interview survey and insurance data were used to investigate regional distribution of OA in Sweden. Reported longstanding illness, complaints, handicap or other debility due to OA were most prevalent in Northern and in a South-Eastern areas of Sweden. OA was more prevalent among women than among men after retirement age. It was a larger part of all longstanding disorders in the South-Eastern than in other parts of Sweden. Several factors of physical strain from work were frequent in the South-Eastern and Northern areas but complaints of hot and cold climate conditions at work place were the most significant factors. The frequency of early pension due to OA was highest in the North of Sweden but higher frequencies were registered also in the South-Eastern region compared to adjacent areas of Southern Sweden.
Varietal Reaction to Thrips

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Varietal Reaction to Thrips' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Seed Priming Enhances Seed Germination and Morphological Traits of Lactuca sativa L. under Salt Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed germination is the stage in which plants are most sensitive to abiotic stress, including salt stress (SS). SS affects plant growth and performance through ion toxicity, decreasing seed germination percentage and increasing the germination time. Several priming treatments were used to enhance germination under SS. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify priming treatments to shorten the emergence period, (2) to evaluate priming treatments against the SS, and (3) to induce synchronized seed germination. Salt-sensitive ‘Burpee Bibb’ lettuce seeds were treated with 0.05% potassium nitrate, 3 mM gibberellic acid, and distilled water. All the primed and non-primed seeds were subjected to 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) or 0 mM NaCl (control). The seven-day experiment, arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications, was conducted in a growth chamber maintained with 16/8 h photoperiod (light/dark), 60% relative humidity, and a day/night temperature of 22/18 °C. The result indicated that hydro-primed (HP) seeds were better synchronized under SS. Similarly, fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) of cotyledon, hypocotyl, and radicle were the highest in HP lettuce regardless of SS. Electrolyte leakage was the lowest in the HP lettuce, while other priming methods under SS increased membrane permeability, leading to osmotic stress and tissue damage. Overall, hydro-priming can be a good priming method for synchronizing germination and increasing FM and DM by creating the least osmotic stress and ion toxicity in lettuce under SS.
Rhabdomyosarcoma thigh in a 45-year-old male: A rare presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common childhood cancer, constituting more than 50% of all soft tissue sarcoma, but it is an uncommon neoplasm in adult. We reported a case of 45-year-old male patient presented with a huge swelling in his left thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging of thigh revealed soft tissue mass involving the deep muscular compartment. Core biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed it as an embryonal RMS. The tumor showed a complete response after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and then was treated with three more cycle of CT followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. This case is being reported on account of its rarity at this age and nonsurgical treatment. Pertinent literature is being reviewed.
Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Selection on spore dispersal mechanisms in mosses is thought to shape the transformation of the sporophyte. The majority of extant mosses develop a sporangium that dehisces through the loss of an operculum, and regulates spore release through the movement of articulate teeth, the peristome, lining the capsule mouth. Such complexity was acquired by the Mesozoic Era, but was lost in some groups during subsequent diversification events, challenging the resolution of the affinities for taxa with reduced architectures. The Funariaceae are a cosmopolitan and diverse lineage of mostly annual mosses, and exhibit variable sporophyte complexities, spanning from long, exerted, operculate capsules with two rings of well‐developed teeth, to capsules immersed among maternal leaves, lacking a differentiated line of dehiscence (i.e., inoperculate) and without peristomes. The family underwent a rapid diversification, and the relationships of taxa with reduced sporophytes remain ambiguous. Here, we infer the relationships of five taxa with highly reduced sporophytes based on 648 nuclear loci (exons complemented by their flanking regions), based on inferences from concatenated data and concordance analysis of single gene trees. Physcomitrellopsis is resolved as nested within one clade of Entosthodon . Physcomitrella s. l., is resolved as a polyphyletic assemblage and, along with its putative relative Aphanorrhegma , nested within Physcomitrium . We propose a new monophyletic delineation of Physcomitrium , which accommodates species of Physcomitrella and Aphanorrhegma . The monophyly of Physcomitrium s. l. is supported by a small plurality of exons, but a majority of trees inferred from exons and their adjacent non‐coding regions.