jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MODERN METHOD OF SARS-CоV-2 COMBAT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relevance: COVID-19 is the accepted name for an acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The suddenness, speed of spread, severity, and high lethality of COVID-19 have led many of the drugs used in the early stages of a pandemic to be based on emergency clinical observations rather than preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, there is no doubt the relevance of systematizing effective therapeutic agents that prevent the severe course of a COVID-19 infection and reduce mortality, the creation of which is based on fundamental knowledge not only of the biology of the virus, but also of the patient’s response, which requires large-scale studies of pathogenesis and the study of predictors of a possible transition of the disease to severe and even the terminal phase. Objective: A structured description of currently accepted medicines, vaccines, and approaches for the treatment of COVID-19. Material and methods: a search was conducted in the PubMed database and the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU. The selection of articles was carried out manually. This review includes 69 sources, including methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and data from ongoing clinical trials. Results: medicines, vaccines and approaches to the treatment of COVID-19, currently adopted in different countries, are systematized, indicating the effectiveness and mechanisms of their action, as well as identified side effects that limit their use in certain groups of patients.
Cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae of <i>Jianchangosaurus yixianensis</i> gen. et sp. nov.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>A, Atlas, axis and cervical vertebrae 3 and 8 in left lateral view. Cervical 8 is repositioned, but others are in the original position. B, Cervical vertebrae 5 and 6 in right lateral view and cervical vertebra 9 in left lateral view. Cervical 5 and 6 are articulated and repositioned on the opposite side. Cervical 9 is also repositioned. C, Cervical vertebra 10 and dorsal vertebrae 1–3. All are in the original position. See caption of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063423#pone-0063423-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> for abbreviations. Scale bar is 5 cm for A–C.</p>
Usefulness of Micro-Punch Skin Grafting for Treatment of Resistant Vitiligo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Vitiligo is a depigmented common skin disorder.The disease may lead to social and psychological distress to the patient.Therefore, a good treatment can improve the patient's life quality.Punch grafting is a simple and commonly used method of treating vitiligo.However, it is time consuming with the risk of post-operative cobble stoning appearance.We used motorized 0.8-1.3micro-punch grafting procedure to overcome these limitations.Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of using micro-punch grafting to treat vitiligo and adverse events associated with this method.Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study for 20 patients with vitiligo.They underwent motorized 0.8-1.3micro-punch grafting from 2019 to June 2020.Results: Thirty percent of the patients showed excellent re-pigmentation ≥75%.Forty percent of the patients showed moderate re-pigmentation.Twenty percent of the cases showed mild re-pigmentation and only 10% showed no improvement. Conclusion:Micro-punch grafting is an effective way to treat vitiligo; it is also considered a suitable option with tolerable adverse events.
Universal subgoaling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this thesis is to develop a problem-solving architecture where all appropriate knowledge is brought to bear to control all aspects of problem-solving behavior. Such an architecture allows the creation of completely reflective problem solvers. We identify a specific capability called universal subgoaling that together with previous work on a universal weak method makes this possible. With universal subgoaling, subgoals arise whenever there is a difficulty in performing the problem-solving functions. In a subgoal, the problem solver brings its knowledge to bear to reason about and eliminate the difficulty. We identify a set of requirements that must be met by any problem-solving paradigm and architecture that realizes universal subgoaling. We then describe an implementation of universal subgoaling within Soar, a production system based on search in a problem space. We provide two dimensions of universal subgoaling: (1) Soar creates subgoals whenever difficulties arise in any aspect of problem solving, (2) it is possible to encode the knowledge required to produce the weak methods so that the knowledge is used whenever it is needed. As part of the second
demonstration, we provide a useful taxonomy of the weak methods based on the knowledge required to encode the in Soar.
*This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 3597, monitored by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory Under Contract F33615-78-C-1551. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the US Government.
BAY 41-2272 Attenuates CTGF Expression via sGC/cGMP-Independent Pathway in TGFβ1-Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical pathogenic feature of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. BAY 41-2272 is a canonical non-nitric oxide (NO)-based soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulator that triggers cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling for attenuation of fibrotic disorders; however, the impact of BAY 41-2272 on HSC activation remains ill-defined. Transforming growth factor (TGF)β and its downstream connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or cellular communication network factor 2, CCN2) are critical fibrogenic cytokines for accelerating HSC activation. Here, we identified that BAY 41-2272 significantly inhibited the TGFβ1-induced mRNA and protein expression of CTGF in mouse primary HSCs. Indeed, BAY 41-2272 increased the sGC activity and cGMP levels that were potentiated by two NO donors and inhibited by a specific sGC inhibitor, ODQ. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of BAY 41-2272 on CTGF expression were independent of the sGC/cGMP pathway in TGFβ1-activated primary HSCs. BAY 41-2272 selectively restricted the TGFβ1-induced phosphorylation of Akt but not canonical Smad2/3 in primary HSCs. Together, we illustrate a unique framework of BAY 41-2272 for inhibiting TGFβ1-induced CTGF upregulation and HSC activation via a noncanonical Akt-dependent but sGC/cGMP-independent pathway.
DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF FERTILIZED MOUSE EGGS WITH H-2 AND NON H-2 ANTIBODY

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mouse embryos at the two-cell and blastocyst stages, as well as unfertilized eggs, have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence for the expression of H-2 and non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens on surface membranes. Serologically-specific reactivity to non-H-2 antibody (H-3 and H-6) was observed as diffuse, patchy staining over the entire surface of the blastomeres at the two-cell stage. In contrast, no reactivity of two-cell or unfertilized egg embryos of four inbred strains was observed when antisera containing only multispecific H-2 cytolytic antibody were used. Antisera containing H-2 along with non-H-2 antibody of unknown specificity showed varying degrees of reactivity, which could be shown by absorption studies to be due to the non-H-2 content of the serum. The results suggest that the initial expression of histocompatibility genes varies and support the hypothesis that the appearance of these cell components may relate to specific stages of differentiation.
Poster abstract

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless ad-hoc sensor networks have caught the fancy of many researchers through the world in a very small span of time. Although notable progress has been made in several key areas, several researchers falter in the way they look at sensor networks i.e. just another kind of wireless ad hoc networks, albeit one composed of energy constrained nodes. A key aspect that makes sensor networks different from traditional networks is their strong link to the physical world. We develop this perspective by studying an interesting class of sensor network applications called aggregation applications.We argue that when a user queries for aggregates like maximum, average etc., he is interested in knowing the statistics of the underlying physical process. In general, this is not equivalent to the statistics gathered from a bunch of nodes. We introduce a distinction between aggregates calculated over a region and aggregates calculated over a discrete set of nodes. We classify them as spatial and nodal aggregates respectively. Till now, researchers have followed the approach of doing nodal aggregation in response to every user query in sensor networks. For a continuous physical process and a random deployment of sensor nodes, which are a norm for sensor networks, the conventional approach of doing nodal aggregation produces inaccurate results.We verify our claim by studying a specific aggregation function namely the average over a region (spatial average) in detail. We use a voronoi-based approach to propose an algorithm for calculating spatial average in sensor networks. The algorithm can work in two modes -- centralized and distributed. The energy and accuracy tradeoff associated with each of the two modes is analyzed in detail. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is tested over a wide variety of physical processes including real precipitation data of South America acquired over a span of past 50 years. We will show that our algorithm gives a 2-8 times performance gain as compared to the conventional approach of doing nodal aggregation. We further explore the robustness of our algorithm to link failures and channel impairments.Although not 100% accurate, our approach is a simple, efficient and a practical solution for calculating the spatial average. We have implemented our algorithm on Berkeley motes. Our first prototype implementation occupies less than 12K flash ROM and consumes less than 1.6K run-time memory. Our algorithm can be easily integrated with available frameworks for doing aggregation in sensor networks. For a minimal cost, our algorithm can be used to provide a spatial aggregation service on a network of motes.
Brand trust and engagement in social commerce

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract With the surge in social media (SM) users around the world, the scope of social commerce (SC) in brand engagement is a prominent area of discussion. The present study empirically investigates the effect of social commerce construct (SCC), multi‐dimensional constructs of social presence theory (SPT) and consumer generated content (CGC) on brand trust and brand engagement in SC platforms. An online survey was conducted among 625 Indian consumers who had made more than one purchase using SC platforms in the previous 6 months. Structural equation modelling technique was employed for testing the hypotheses and conceptual model. The results suggest that each element of SCC, SPT and CGC positively contributes to brand trust and engagement. Further, the study provides insight into brand trust and brand engagement in SM, which prompts brand usage intention of the consumers. The insights can be used by managers to create long‐term customer relationship management action plans that emphasize brand trust and engagement.
P105 and p100 proteins function as the core of heterogeneous NF-kappaB complexes - eScholarship

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biochemistry of the components of signal transduction pathways provides a foundation for the understanding of how cellular signaling events initiate, propagate, and terminate. This thesis describes the multi-protein heterogeneous complexes of NF-kappaB with p105 and p100 proteins. Chapter 1 introduces the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and provides the rational for this thesis research. Chapter 2 describes the results of biochemical characterization of endogenous NF-kappaB and IkappaB proteins that led to the discovery of the high molecular weight heterogeneous complexes of p105 and p100 with other NF-kappaB subunits. Our results show that p105 and p100 complexes function to dynamically sequester newly synthesized p50 and p52 NF-kappaB subunits in macrophages challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Chapter 3 describes the molecular architecture of p105 and p100 complexes. Experimentally determined composition and biochemical analysis of protein-protein interactions led to the proposal of stoichiometric model for p105 and p100 complexes that accounts for high MW and heterogeneity of these molecular assemblies. Chapter 4 is focused on p105 and p100 proteolysis. p105 and p100 undergo regulated proteolysis that generates p50 and p52 NF-kappaB subunits, respectively. The mechanism of p105 and p100 processing is discussed in the last chapter of this thesis
The effects of screw torque maintenance and re-applying screw torque on the retention of implant abutment screws in single implant restorations

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate if screw tightening protocol modification through torque maintenance or abutment screw retightening on an internal Tri-lobe connection implant influences abutment screw reverse torque values (RTV). To also investigate if torquing and retorquing the same implant screw has an influence on the RTV of the screw. Methods: Nine implants with an internal Tri-lobe connection (Nobel Replace Select, Nobel Biocare) were placed in cold-cure acrylic (ProBase Cold, Ivoclar) to simulate bone and a final abutment (Esthetic Abutment NobelReplace RP, Nobel BioCare) was inserted. Nine screw tightening protocols were tested: 1) torque to 35Ncm, 2) hold torque for 10 seconds, 3) hold torque for 20 seconds, 4) retorque at 2 minutes, 5) retorque at 10 minutes, 6) hold torque for 10 seconds and retorque at 2 minutes, 7) hold torque for 10 seconds and retorque at 10 minutes, 8) hold torque for 20 seconds and retorque at 2 minutes, 9) hold torque for 20 seconds and retorque at 10 minutes. Peak RTVs were measured after 30 minutes using a torque meter (MTT03-05, Mark-10). Each implant screw was changed after each insertion with 10 total screws used per implant. After determining the protocol with the highest average RTV, the specific protocol was used to evaluate if cycles of insertion on a single screw would have an impact on the reverse torque values. Five implants were used with the same five abutments. A single screw was torqued with the specified protocol and de-torqued after 30 minutes with the RTV measured. This was conducted another nine times over for a total of 10 cycles. Results: Protocol 2 (holding torque for 10s) had the highest average reverse torque value of 22.63Ncm and the Protocol 1 (control) had the lowest at 20.21Ncm with no statistically significant difference. A statistically significant trend was seen in the RTV over the number of insertion cycles with each insertion cycle showing an increase by 0.252Ncm. Conclusion: Implant screw tightening protocols do not influence the reverse torque values. Multiple insertions of an implant screw may increase the reverse torque value.
Early Detection of Breast Cancer using Versatile Techniques - A Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among all cancer types, breast cancer is the most prevalent. For females, it ranks as the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Every 1 person per 28 people in lifetime have a chance of developing breast cancer, according to statistics. Each year, it is estimated that over two million women encounter it. The high-risk group in India has an average age of 43–46 years, but in the west, women between the ages of 53 and 57 are more likely to get breast cancer. While there is no known cure for breast cancer, early detection and diagnosis significantly improves chances of survival. Treatment for breast cancer patients may be possible if the disease is identified and diagnosed early. Diagnosing benign from malignant tumours and determining whether a breast cancer case is early or progressed presents a number of challenges for cancer researchers. This study compares many methods for detecting breast cancer and provides a detailed analysis of each, highlighting the methods that are most accurate and economical. This study's primary goal is to comprehend the fundamental principles behind the various technologies used in breast cancer diagnosis. It is simple to save lives by spreading awareness of the latest and most varied detection and screening techniques.
Exploring the Clinical and Investigational Profile of Females With Hirsutism at a Tertiary Care Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hirsutism is a common clinical condition with multifactorial etiology, ranging from endocrinological abnormalities to benign idiopathic causes to, rarely, severe malignant disorders. It negatively impacts the quality of life and self-esteem of affected women, necessitating proper etiological diagnosis and management. Aims and objectives: To evaluate etiology of hirsutism and study clinical manifestations and biochemical characteristics associated with it. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital for 2 years. Detailed history, clinical examination, assessment of hirsutism as per modified Ferriman Gallwey score, investigations including hormonal assays and radiological examination were done for all patients. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Among 43 women, 65.11% had mild hirsutism, 25.58% had moderate, and 9.30 % had severe hirsutism. Menstrual irregularities were noted in 58.14%, and 13.95% had a family history of hirsutism. Acne (65.11%) and seborrhea (51.16%) were the most common cutaneous findings. 16.28 % and 27.91% women were overweight and obese, respectively. Insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance i.e., HOMA IR index >2) was present in 46.51% patients, with PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) being the leading cause, and showed significant correlation with BMI (p = 0.001). LH/FSH ratio >2 (i.e., ratio of Luteinizing Hormone to Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) was present in 39.53% and 46.5 % recorded positive findings of polycystic ovarian morphology by radiological examination. Conclusion: The most common cause of hirsutism in our study was found to be PCOS, followed by idiopathic hirsutism. Diligent assessment of hirsute women with particular attention to metabolic components such as insulin resistance, as indicated by the HOMA-IR index, must be undertaken to identify the root cause and tailor appropriate interventions.
Enhanced poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) composite electrodes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) composite electrodesJeffrey E. Anderson, Jeffrey B. Montgomery, and Ren. YeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 6, 653–656Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00006a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00006a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Form versus Catastrophe in the Old English Christ III

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Medieval authors of literature on Doomsday faced a structural challenge of their own making: their audiences knew too much about the coming end of days to be as terror-stricken as they should. This difficulty was compounded by the comic structure of the Christian salvation narrative, which looked forward to Christ's return as—technically speaking—its catastrophe, when all the confusion and unhappiness of the universal plot would be unravelled and total clarity would reign. The author of the Old English Doomsday poem called Christ III, however, devised an ingenious strategy to restore its audience to a state of wholesome uncertainty. By destabilizing the predictable flow of Old English meter with an unusually varied and challenging range of hypermetric verses, the poet of Christ III used metrical form to undermine the confidence of audiences in their powers of prediction—and in so doing, restored suspense to the experience of Doomsday.
Solder Mobility for High-Yield Self-Aligned Flip-Chip Assembly

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Self-aligned flip-chip assembly with sub-micron accuracy is of particular importance to low-cost manufacturing of single-mode opto-electronic components. The concept of alignment via surface tension force of melted solder has been proposed over two decades ago and appears simple. Yet, its effective working into manufacturing requires solving a few fundamental issues. In prior work, we introduced the concept of solder reservoirs which provide a solder volume self-balancing mechanism to notably enhance self-alignment yield. In this paper, we show that the effectiveness of reservoirs is impeded when the solder wetting of pads or the solder mobility between pads and reservoirs is limited. We therefore studied a wide variety of metal stacks and identified candidates for substantial wetting and solder mobility improvement. We ranked the metal stacks for solder mobility using traditional wetting angles as well as speed of wetting along narrow tracks. First test parts, manufactured with the improved metal stacks, show the expected benefit in increased yield for chip alignment.