jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes as Immunomodulatory Agents for COVID-19 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing lethal acute respiratory disease emerged in December 2019. The World Health Organization named this disease “COVID-19” and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Many studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo), which are isolated from allogenic bone marrow stem cells, significantly lower the risk of alveolar inflammation and other pathological conditions associated with distinct lung injuries. For example, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia patients, MSCs-Exo and MSCs provide similar healing properties and some clinical trials have used cell-based inhalation therapy which show great promise. MSCs and MSCs-Exo have shown potential in clinical trials as a therapeutic tool for severely affected COVID-19 patients when compared to other cell-based therapies, which may face challenges like the cells’ sticking to the respiratory tract epithelia during administration. However, the use of MSCs or MSCs-Exo for treating COVID-19 should strictly adhere to the appropriate manufacturing practices, quality control measurements, preclinical safety and efficacy data, and the proper ethical regulations. This review highlights the available clinical trials that support the therapeutic potential of MSCs or MSCs-Exo in severely affected COVID-19 patients.
An RCT of an Internet Intervention for Pediatric Encopresis With One-Year Follow-Up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Encopresis is a significant medical problem for millions of children. Despite its prevalence, poor treatment success rates indicate that it is often difficult to treat. The goal of this study was to evaluate an Internet intervention for encopresis (UCanPoopToo) with children from across the US. A 2 (Group) × 3 (Time) RCT was used to evaluate the efficacy of UCanPoopToo. Participants were randomized to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) or TAU + UCanPoopToo group. Assessments were completed at baseline (Pre), 4–6 weeks following baseline (Post), and one year follow-up (Post12). At baseline, the TAU and TAU + UCanPoopToo retrospectively reported a median 9 and 8 accidents, respectively, over the previous two weeks. Using prospective online diary data, the TAU group reported a median 8 accidents at Post and 3 accidents at Post12, compared to the TAU + UCanPoopToo group report of a median 4.5 accidents at Post and 1 accident at Post12. At Post12, a significant difference was found between success rates (≤1 accident/2 weeks) of 28% for the TAU group and 64% for the TAU + UCanPoopToo group. At Post12, a significant difference was also found between cure rates (0 accidents/2 weeks) of 20% for the TAU group and 50% for the TAU + UCanPoopToo group. This study supports the use of an Internet intervention for encopresis. Increasing the ability for clinicians to refer their patients to evidence-based Internet interventions has meaningful implications for clinical practice as it extends the reach of treatment options for patients and enables provision of interventions otherwise unavailable.
Cross-Border Dynamics of IP Modularity: International Patenting in LEDs and Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery Technology

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract To profit from their inventions, multinational enterprises rely on various appropriation and internationalization strategies. Intellectual property modularity serves as a reliable option to master the tradeoff between owning the “right” (i.e., valuable) patents in a technology and sharing other “less valuable” patents to spur innovation and foster technology dissemination. Through an inductive, multi-case approach looking at light-emitting diodes and lithium-ion secondary battery technology, we expand prior intellectual property modularity to incorporate internationalization effects across borders. Relying on patent classifications, we trace the development of these two technologies and key multinational enterprises in various countries longitudinally from 1990 to 2018. We introduce the Dynamic IP Modularity Application Matrix and demonstrate that integrating the firm and country levels yields insights into dynamic internationalization developments, particularly when considering the drawbacks to intellectual property modularity. Herein, decision-makers need to secure not only currently valuable but also potentially valuable intellectual property to successfully apply an international intellectual property modularity value capture strategy.
Estimates of Risk for Chlamydia/Gonorrhea Associated with Disciplinary Alternative School Placement in United States Public High Schools

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In United States public schools, students in disciplinary alternative schools report engaging in risky sexual behaviors significantly more frequently than students in regular schools. We sought to determine whether the risk of chlamydia or gonorrhea infection in disciplinary alternative schools is significantly higher relative to the risk of infection in regular schools. Methods: A matched case-control study was retrospectively designed using data obtained from New Orleans public high school students tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea in a school-based screening between the years 2001 and 2003. Cases were 63 African American students tested at a disciplinary alternative school during the school years 2001-2002 (n = 36) and 2002-2003 (n = 27). Each case was matched to 4 controls by date of birth, sex and race among respectively 3029 and 2216 students contemporaneously tested in regular schools. Mantel-Haenszel procedures for matched-pair analysis were used to estimate odds ratios, confidence intervals (CI) and significance tests. Results: The odds ratio for chlamydia/gonorrhea infection associated with placement in disciplinary alternative school was 2.09 overall (95% CI 1.01, 4.30; p < 0.05), 1.43 (95% CI 0.50, 4.11; p > 0.40) among females and 3.25 (95% CI 1.18, 8.92; p < 0.025) among males. Conclusions: Behaviorally troubled adolescents in disciplinary alternative school placement are the highest risk group for sexually transmitted infection ever identified in United States public high schools. These students and the disciplinary alternative schools where they are placed would benefit most from screening. They should be considered first for inclusion in any school-wide chlamydia and gonorrhea screening initiative.
Market Integration and Seasonal Price Variation of High-Value Vegetable Crops in Chittagong Hill Districts of Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of planting date on growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subteranea (L) verdc) varieties was carried out in Asaba area of Delta State. It was aimed to determine the most appropriate planting date for the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut in the rainforest zone of Delta State. The design for this experiment was split-plot carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Bambara varieties EXMF1, EXMF4, IITA165, and ENZK2 were used with planting date May – September. The main plot was assigned to variety while the sub – plot was the planting date with three replicates. Plants cultivated in May and June performed better in growth (plant height, canopy width, number of leaves and total leaf area) than those planted in July, August and September. In yield, those plants cultivated in July had the highest yield with the value of 4289kg/ha with variety EXMF4 performing best. The study therefore recommended that variety EXMF4 should be planted by farmers and month of July is the appropriate time for planting Bambara groundnut in the rainforest zone for maximum productivity.
Chemoprevention in patients with genetic risk of colorectal cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A number of genetic syndromes are known to convey a high risk of colorectal cancer. Current standards of medical practice for these patients involve genetic testing followed by screening and surgical procedures. Pharmaceutical therapies for any of these syndromes are limited in number and are generally not approved by any regulatory body for applications in these genetic groups. This review discusses advances in mechanistic understanding of the disease processes leading to the development of promising pharmaceutical therapies. Clinical trials of potential chemotherapeutic agents must focus on the reduction of disease-related events, including cancer and cancer-related mortality, in patients with genetic syndromes.
Isolation, screening, and identification of antagonistic bacteria from soil against Fusarium oxysporum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent of wilt in tomato, which is one of the most destructive fungal diseases. This fungal disease strain is an important mycotoxin producer that causes several negative effects on animal and human health. Bacteria, which are found in various natural environments including the rhizosphere soil displayed fungicidal activity against fungal phytopathogens. In our study, we investigated the antifungal activity of isolated bacteria which inhibited the growth of the plant pathogen F. oxysporum causing wilt disease in tomatoes. In total of 48 isolated bacterial strains, 9 strains showed antifungal activity against F. oxysporum using co-culture method. Two bacterial strains T1-4 and T10-1 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against fungal pathogen with control values of 50.8 and 48.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of these two strains also inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum . In the 96-well plate assay, the culture filtrate of T1-4 showed the strongest antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, T1-4 was identified as Bacillus sp.
TRENDS AND CORRELATIONS OF ROMANIAN MERCHANDISE FOREIGN TRADE FROM 2006 TO 2010. AN ECONOMETRICAL APPROACH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Romania’s adhesion to European Union has implied several economic and social changes with a direct impact to foreign trade. At regional level, the foreign trade in Romania has registered a growing bias of commercial exchanges with the EU member states, giving the fact that the EU has become the main commercial partner of Romania in the last few years. The period from June 2006 to June 2010 includes both the last years of economic growth in Romania and the first years of actual economic crisis. Thus, the monthly statistically data series show the time and effects of Romania’ change from a relative economic growth to recession. There are different influences upon the structure of FOB exports and CIF imports. The paper analyses the evolution of Romanian merchandise foreign trade in EU area and also with the non-members states. It is also analysed the weight as against total results of foreign trade and the evolution of FOB/CIF deficit. There is an estimation of the correlation between and the lei/euro monthly exchange rates for this period and also there are presented the influences of lei/euro exchange rate upon FOB exports and CIF imports.
Intra-Abdominal Fat Adipocyte Hypertrophy through a Progressive Alteration of Lipolysis and Lipogenesis in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study evaluates the progressive participation of enzymes involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy in a metabolic syndrome (MS) rat model caused by chronic consumption of 30% sucrose in drinking water. A total of 70 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: C and MS. Each of these groups were then subdivided into five groups which were sacrificed as paired groups every month from the beginning of the treatment until 5 months. The intra-abdominal fat was dissected, and the adipocytes were extracted. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), protein kinases A (PKA), and perilipin A expressions were determined. The LPL and HSL activities were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Histological staining was performed in adipose tissue. Significant increases were observed in blood pressure, HOMA-IR, leptin, triglycerides, insulin, intra-abdominal fat, and number of fat cells per field (p = 0.001) and in advanced glycosylation products, adipocyte area, LPL, HSL activities and/or expression (p ≤ 0.01) in the MS groups progressively from the third month onward. Lipogenesis and lipolysis were increased by LPL activity and HSL activity and/or expression. This was associated with hyperinsulinemia and release of non-esterified fatty acids causing a positive feedback loop that contributes to the development of adipocyte hypertrophy.
Defining and Characterizing Approaches to Farm Management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify approaches to farm management based on a list of management questions posed to a sample of U.S. cash-grain farmers. Three approaches were identified by the factor analysis: price negotiation, long-term cost control, and input adjustment. Estimated factor scores regressed against farm and operator characteristics indicate a profile of producers using each approach that is closely related to stage-of-life of the farm operator and farm business. In addition to operator age and planning horizon, operator risk preference and farm organization and location were other important determinants of the approach to management.
Efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp : Results of a systematic literature review and indirect treatment comparison

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim To assess the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi, a fixed‐ratio combination of basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL and lixisenatide (glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist) versus IDegAsp, a co‐formulation of basal insulin degludec 100 U/mL with rapid‐acting insulin aspart. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Outcomes from eligible RCTs were compared by an indirect treatment comparison using a Bayesian framework. Subanalyses of Japanese and international trials were performed. Results Eight RCTs (duration 26‐30 weeks) were included. Mean difference in HbA1c change with iGlarLixi exceeded that for IDegAsp: −0.64 (95% credible interval −1.01, −0.28) %‐units (−7.0 [−11.0, −3.1] mmol/mol) for all trials, −0.39 (−0.55, −0.23) %‐units (−4.3 [−6.0, −2.5] mmol/mol) for international, and −0.88 (−1.11, −0.64) %‐units (−9.6 [−12.1, −7.0] mmol/mol) for Japanese trials. HbA1c target achievement (<7.0%‐units [<53 mmol/mol]) was greater for iGlarLixi in all trials (odds ratio 2.50 [1.06, 5.56]) and Japanese trials (2.17 [1.27, 3.70]), but not in international trials (2.17 [0.42, 11.11]). Analyses suggesting differences in mean postmeal self‐measured plasma glucose were significantly lower by 1.0‐2.0 mmol/L (18‐36 mg/dL) with iGlarLixi in all analyses. Bodyweight change was more favourable (1‐2 kg) for iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp for all analyses ( P < 0.05). Comparisons of hypoglycaemia were inconclusive owing to differences in definitions between studies. Adverse events were more frequent with iGlarLixi because of gastrointestinal intolerance. Conclusions iGlarLixi appears to offer clinical benefit in glucose control and bodyweight change in people needing both basal and meal‐time intervention.
New Positions and Possibilities of the Liberated Sorbian Literature. An Outline of the History of Literature from 1945 to the 70s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

New Positions and Possibilities of the Liberated Sorbian Literature. An Outline of the History of Literature from 1945 to the 70s was published in Language and Culture of the Lusatian Sorbs throughout their History on page 93.
The societal and individual impact of abortion in Canada.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Canada sociologists from the University of Alberta in Edmonton Alberta reviewed reports from the 1970s-90s to examine the macro effect of abortion on fertility in Canada. The randomized response technique used to determine the number of legal abortions in 1974 revealed that using legal abortion data greatly underestimated the actual incidence of abortion (4040 vs. 12322). The researchers used data from the 1984 Canadian Fertility Survey to complete the macro information with micro characteristics of respondents who admitted to having undergone an abortion. Married women experienced abortions less often than did single women (1984 4.79% vs 5.76%) but divorced/widowed/separated women experienced them more often than did single women (9.85% vs. 5.76%). Women with at least 14 years of education underwent abortions more often than did those with no more than 13 years of education (6/9% vs. 4.7%). Women whose family income was less than Canadian $20000 had a higher abortion rate than did those whose family income was at least Canadian $20000 (6.14% vs. 5.14% [$20000-39999] and 5.68% [= or >$40000]). Even though non-Catholics were more likely to undergo abortion than Catholics (6.68% vs. 4.08%) the real difference depended on frequency of church attendance (2% for weekly/monthly; 5.21% for new times/year; and 9.31% for rarely/never). Links with parity and age of respondents were not clearly linked with abortions. The western provinces had the highest abortion rates which tended to decline as one moved eastward where the Atlantic provinces had the lowest rates (15-31% vs. = or < 2%).
INCIDENCE OF DUODENAL ULCER PERFORATION CAUSED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To know the frequency of H. Pylori infection causing DU perforation. Place of study: This study is a descriptive study conducted at the Medicine Unit I and Surgical Unit II of Services Hospital Lahore for Six months duration from July 2019 to December 2019. Material and methods: We included all patients with DU perforation. Patients with pre-pyloric ulcer, gastric ulcer and perforation and perforated gastric malignancies were excluded from the study. Results: 116 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer were observed during the study. 92 of them are men and 24 women. In our study, we found that perforated DU is more common in the 30-50 age group. Conclusion: H. Pylori, stress, smoking and abuse of NSAIDs are factors causing perforation of a duodenal ulcer. We suggest conducting a randomized controlled trial to assess those factors that cause perforation of duodenal ulcers in our world. Key words: Helicobacter Pylori, DU perforation, infection.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) industrial recycling and policies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are rechargeable batteries used in electronic devices due to its efficiency and long service life. Lately, it has been introduced into the electrification of the transportation system and power storage. The demand on LIB is expected to grow rapidly with the shifting trend towards cleaner energy in an attempt to halt the environmental footprint produced by the current fuel driven systems. The latest literature is focusing more on recycling spent LIB mainly from electrical vehicles (EVs). Currently, the number of EVs on the road is not significant, yet the number is expected to grow in the few years to come. The main challenges for recycling spent LIB compared to conventional batteries (i.e., lead acid batteries), are due to the diversity of the components, sizes and structure. As a result, the existing recycling methods, namely pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct method, are not efficient for sound recycling outcomes due to technical, economic, quality, environmental and data collection hurdles. Investing more time and money on the recycling infrastructures, research and development, and techniques is pivotal for the environmental movement. Ongoing projects are taking place in this regard mainly by manufacturing companies. However, more collaboration is required especially by the governmental sector to formulate systematic policies and regulations. Currently, there are No well-established oriented policies by leading countries in this field. Nonetheless, recycling spent batteries seems to be inevitable due to the scarce of the raw materials used for manufacturing LIB. Initiatives in recycling spent LIB by some countries such as China and Japan are noteworthy even though it is far behind aspirations.
Problems of Physical Rehabilitation of Patients Suffering Type I Diabetesand Abdominal Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type I diabetes mellitus is endocrine pathology, which is increasingly detected in young people, usually at the age of 35 years. Diabetes is often combined with an increase in cholesterol in the blood, a decrease in the functions of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands, metabolic disorders, heart diseases, gout, osteochondrosis, obesity, exacerbations in the respiratory system. Often there are pinpoint hemorrhages associated with vascular rupture, including in the vascular system of the eye. Because of the slow flow of protein synthesis processes, the processes of regeneration of damaged tissue are significantly delayed. The patient develops asthenia, depression and many other phenomena. In the intestine, the fermentation of excess carbohydrates is activated and its biochemical environment changes, which leads to suppression of intestinal flora and decay of proteins. It is clear that properly selected physical activities can contribute to this reduction in body weight, improve metabolic processes, and help prevent cardiovascular disease. Daily exercise helps to strengthen the human body, develop muscle corset and reduce subcutaneous fat in diabetes and abdominal obesity. Properly selected physical activity improves the susceptibility of insulin receptors, while reducing the glucose level in the blood. Regular moderate muscular activity helps patients to reduce the dose of insulin, adjust the diet and reduce body weight. Particularly useful in this regard is circular training, which is able to have a number of effects in the patient's body: improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system; accelerates metabolism; burns subcutaneous fat.
Supplementary Data from Expression of MT4-MMP, EGFR, and RB in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Strongly Sensitizes Tumors to Erlotinib and Palbociclib Combination Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplemental data include a Supplemental Table-1, Supplemental Figure 1, Supplemental Figure 2, Supplemental Figure 3, Supplemental Figure 4, Supplemental Figure 5 and Supplemental Figure 6. Supplemental Table-1 is related to Figure 1 Supplemental Figure 1 is related to Figure 2 Supplemental Figure 2 is related to Figure 5 Supplemental Figures 3-5 are related to Figure 6 Supplemental Figure 6 is related to Figure 1 and Figure 5</p>
Postradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the maxillary sinus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. The common sites of involvement are the retroperitoneal space and limbs. The occurrence of this tumor in the head and neck is rare. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the head and neck can follow radiotherapy for the treatment of other tumors. We, herein, report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which developed 17 years after radiotherapy of a carcinoma in the maxillary sinus.