jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tickborne Relapsing Fever, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In July 2013, a resident of the Bitterroot Valley in western Montana, USA, contracted tickborne relapsing fever caused by an infection with the spirochete Borrelia hermsii. The patient's travel history and activities before onset of illness indicated a possible exposure on his residential property on the eastern side of the valley. An onsite investigation of the potential exposure site found the vector, Ornithodoros hermsi ticks, and 1 chipmunk infected with spirochetes, which on the basis of multilocus sequence typing were identical to the spirochete isolated from the patient. Field studies in other locations found additional serologic evidence and an infected tick that demonstrated a wider distribution of spirochetes circulating among the small mammal populations. Our study demonstrates that this area of Montana represents a previously unrecognized focus of relapsing fever and poses a risk for persons of acquiring this tickborne disease.
Health and Disease Management of Indigenous Ducks (Anas Plathrynchus) in the Tamale Metropolis, Northern Region

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A survey was conducted in 23 selected communities in the Tamale metropolis to identify various health and disease management practices employed by local duck farmers. Snowball sampling technique was used to select the various communities while purposive sampling technique was used to identify duck farmers within the communities. Primary data was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 91 duck farmers and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results of the survey showed that majority (69.2%) of the farmers adopted biosecurity measures whiles 30.8% adopted no biosecurity measures. The majority of the farmers (64.8%) practiced a semi-intensive management system. In terms of various biosecurity measures carried out by farmers, 9.5% ensured good hygiene whereas 17.5% practiced culling and slaughtering of sick ducks to avert possible transmission of infections. Additionally, 28.6% of the farmers provided water and fed regularly to their ducks. Some farmers (11.1%) protected their ducks from predator’s whiles control of ticks was carried out by 3.2%. Few farmers (9.5%) provided shelter to ducklings whiles 20.6% provided prophylactic treatment to ducks. Few farmers (4.4%) follow vaccination schedules whiles 95.6% do not. Modern treatment was practiced by 31.9% whiles 1.1% use ethno-veterinary medicine. The majority of the farmers (76.7%) used Amoxicillin antibiotics whiles 6.7% and 13.3% use Sulfa and Flagyl (metronidazole) drugs. The medicaments identified were used in treating symptoms and ailments such as anorexia, paresis, fowl cholera, and paralysis. Avian botulism was the prevalent disease in the study area. In terms of action on sick ducks, 24.2% of the farmers slaughtered and consumed sick ducks whiles 33% treated their sick ducks. From the study disease management of ducks in the metropolis has not been given much attention by farmers however, with much extension education on these the farmers would obtain many benefits from their production.
Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Synthetic Peptides Derived from Indolicidin and Ranalexin against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in order to defeat multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, thirteen antimicrobial peptides were designed based on two natural peptides indolicidin and ranalexin. Our results revealed that four hybrid peptides RN7-IN10, RN7-IN9, RN7-IN8, and RN7-IN6 possess potent antibacterial activity against 30 pneumococcal clinical isolates (MIC 7.81-15.62µg/ml). These four hybrid peptides also showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity (7.81µg/ml) against S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and E. coli. Furthermore, the time killing assay results showed that the hybrid peptides were able to eliminate S. pneumoniae within less than one hour which is faster than the standard drugs erythromycin and ceftriaxone. The cytotoxic effects of peptides were tested against human erythrocytes, WRL-68 normal liver cell line, and NL-20 normal lung cell line. The results revealed that none of the thirteen peptides have cytotoxic or hemolytic effects at their MIC values. The in silico molecular docking study was carried out to investigate the binding properties of peptides with three pneumococcal virulent targets by Autodock Vina. RN7IN6 showed a strong affinity to target proteins; autolysin, pneumolysin, and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) based on rigid docking studies. Our results suggest that the hybrid peptides could be suitable candidates for antibacterial drug development.
A CASE OF EXTRALUMINAL GROWTH TYPE GIST CAUSING GASTRIC WALL METASTASIS AND PERITONEAL DISSEMINATION 2 YEARS AFTER SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は81歳,女性.平成12年7月17日に胃外発育型の粘膜下腫瘍に対し手術を施行した.腫瘍は13cm大の多房性の腫瘍で,体中部大彎後壁と径1.5cmの茎部で連続していた.周囲臓器への浸潤所見は認めなかった.腫瘍茎部起始部の胃壁の一部を含めた腫瘍摘出術を施行した.病理組織学的検査で胃gastrointestinal stromal tumor (以下GIST)と診断された.術後2年1カ月目,腹部CTで体中部大彎後壁に径4cm大の腫瘤と,腹腔内に径6cm大の腫瘤を認めた. GISTの胃壁内再発,腹膜播種と診断し平成14年9月5日,胃部分切除と横行結腸切除を施行した.初回手術時の術中操作による腫瘍腫胞の散布や切除面の腫瘍細胞遺残により,壁内再発や播種性転移をきたしたと考えられた.胃外発育型GISTに対して術中できるだけ腫瘍を把持せず,周囲の正常組織を含んだ胃壁の全層切除が必要である.
Prediction of Fermi Energies and Photoelectric Thresholds Based on Electronegativity Concepts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple formula involving the geometric mean of the electronegativities of the two components is proposed for the determination of the Fermi energies and hence the photoelectric thresholds of simple binary compounds, and is found to be surprisingly accurate for all presently available data. A theoretical basis for the use of the "postulate of the geometric mean" is also given.
Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways.
Collateral Consequences of Conviction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In addition to a formal term of punishment, people convicted of crimes are subject to numerous other burdens, which legal scholars and practitioners have termed “collateral consequences.” Such consequences may be informal, such as social stigma or financial difficulties, or formal legal burdens, such as employment or welfare bans. Collateral consequences raise a number of challenging philosophical questions, including whether they sometimes constitute additional measures of punishment, and whether they can be justified either as forms of criminal punishment or as civil measures.
Replication data for: Trade-Induced Structural Change and the Skill Premium

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study how international trade affects manufacturing employment and the relative wage of unskilled workers when goods and services are traded with different intensities. Manufacturing trade reduces manufacturing prices worldwide, which reduces manufacturing employment if manufactures and services are complements. International trade also raises real income, which reduces manufacturing employment if services are more income elastic than manufactures. Manufacturing production is unskilled-labor-intensive, so that these changes increase the skill premium. We incorporate these mechanisms in a quantitative trade model and show that reductions in trade costs had a negative impact on manufacturing employment and the relative wage of unskilled workers.
Coordination of innovation policies in the catching-up context: a historical perspective on Estonia and Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper highlights some of the crucial weaknesses of innovation-policy-research that limit the relevance of this research for policy-making practices in catching-up countries. The paper proposes a framework that takes a multi-level and dynamic approach towards studying innovation-policy-making processes. This framework is applied herein to examine the evolution of innovation policy and governance trajectories of Estonia and Brazil and how this has affected the capacities for technological accumulation and development. The paper argues that crucial aspects of these contextual trajectories are being overlooked by standard innovation policy and governance analyses. In terms of policy implications, the paper concludes that the increasing influence of external pressures on innovation policy trajectories of catching-up countries is only reinforcing the use of narrow analytical perspectives and threatens to further de-contextualise innovation-policy-making in these countries. The spread of 'participatory' or 'networked' innovation policy models is presented as an example of these tendencies.
An Unusual Overlap of Lipoid Proteinosis and Cutaneous Amyloidosis – A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare genodermatosis that primarily affects the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems. Cutaneous amyloidosis is characterised by deposition of amyloid protein in the upper papillary dermis. The present case is a 32-year-old male who presented with asymptomatic multiple raised skin coloured lesions and hoarseness of voice since childhood. On examination, he had multiple skin coloured and yellow waxy papules, some discrete and others coalescing to form plaques over the trunk, neck, upper and lower limbs. He also had multiple hyperpigmented papules and plaques on the back and neck, and ovoid shaped scars on the back. Examination of the eyelids revealed moniliform blepharosis, and there were pock like scars on the face. Indentations were present on the lateral and anterior borders of the tongue. Biopsy confirmed the same with few areas positive for Congo red staining. Overlap of lipoid proteinosis and macular amyloidosis was diagnosed. We report this overlap condition for its rarity.
Adoption Barriers in a High-Risk Agricultural Environment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To lessen the threat of an intentional or naturally occurring livestock disease, the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture introduced the National Animal Identification System (NAIS), encouraging the use of innovative tools such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to track cattle across the country. In this study, the author examines the barriers to adoption of NAIS and RFID technology as risk-reduction tools. Diffusion of innovation literature is used to analyze a case study of a state livestock association advocating the rejection of NAIS and RFID technology. Implications for the diffusion of risk reduction tools are provided.
Controversial detuning phenomena

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

There are several reasons for seismic amplitude variation such as surface condition, geophone coupling, acoustic impedance variation (bright and dim spot), geometric spreading, intrinsic offset dependent, multiple, tuning and de‐tuning (geometry and velocity) effects. It is very important to know the causes of amplitude variation for seismic exploration and reservoir characterization. There are countless studies dealing with seismic attenuation, seismic attributes and thin bed tuning for exploration and reservoir characterization but there are few studies for seismic de‐tuning effects. This work is a case study based on seismic data from the Ralah Oil Field in the Sirt Basin, Libya, where seismic data from the Kalash (Base Tertiary) Formation generally has exceptionally good quality but in some parts the seismic reflection quality over the oil field deteriorates and becomes a non‐reflection zone. The objective of this work is to study the causes of the disappearance of seismic reflection from the Kalash.
Visualizing genetic constraints

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a common way to study the sources of\nvariation in a high-dimensional data set. Typically, the leading principal\ncomponents are used to understand the variation in the data or to reduce the\ndimension of the data for subsequent analysis. The remaining principal\ncomponents are ignored since they explain little of the variation in the data.\nHowever, evolutionary biologists gain important insights from these low\nvariation directions. Specifically, they are interested in directions of low\ngenetic variability that are biologically interpretable. These directions are\ncalled genetic constraints and indicate directions in which a trait cannot\nevolve through selection. Here, we propose studying the subspace spanned by low\nvariance principal components by determining vectors in this subspace that are\nsimplest. Our method and accompanying graphical displays enhance the\nbiologist's ability to visualize the subspace and identify interpretable\ndirections of low genetic variability that align with simple directions.\n
LEGISLATION DRAFTING WITH OMNIBUS LAW METHOD AND THE IMPACT ON INDONESIAN LEGAL REFORM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Omnibus Law is made to target one big issue enabling to revoke and to amend some legislations at one time to simplify them all. The concept of Omnibus Law is the model of regulation mostly adopted by countries applying Common Law System. The application of the model has raised some pros and cons in Indonesia since the enactment of the Job Creation Act. The result of research concluded that the Omnibus Law has the same legal standing with a legislation. However, when viewing from the method of drafting, this Omnibus Law is yet to be regulated explicitly in the Law No. 12, 2011. Drafting a legislation with Omnibus Law method highly influences the national reformation of Indonesian Law, specifically the reformation on the substance of the law. The development in the drafting technique of the legislation with an omnibus method is only for regulations with dimensions of extensive provisions and multi-sectoral character for bridging the sectoral interest, reducing the potency of disharmonisation, and strengthening the coordination. In addition, the use of omnibus method should take into account international standard of the good regulatory practices.
Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

At this stage the evidence available from the published literature does not support the use of Piracetem in the treatment of people with dementia or cognitive impairment because effects were found only on global impression of change but not on any of the more specific measures. There is a need for further evaluation of piracetam by : 1) Obtaining the data from these studies for an individual patient database review, 2) Performing a randomised trial of Piracetam in patients with diagnoses made by currently accepted diagnostic criteria. Piracetam should be trialled for a period of at least 6 months and preferably longer. Specific cognitive instruments which are sensitive to change, Clinician Global Impression of Change, levels of dependency and caregiver quality of life scales should also be incorporated in such a study.
Pelatihan Basic Reservation & Ticketing System di SMKN 1 Tambun Selatan, Bekasi, Jawa Barat

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

SMKN 1 Tambun Selatan is a vocational high school based on management industry and has 4 (four) majors, namely: Tourism; Hospitality; Office administration; and Catering. In the curriculum, in the Department of Tourism there are Reservation and Ticketing subjects which are part of the pre-flight service in flight services. Bookkeeping service activities (reservation) and issuance of passenger tickets (ticketing), must be carried out carefully and precisely. Vocational students' skills in understanding reservation and ticketing materials need to be supported by practicing using a simulation application from the Global Distribution System (GDS) as an airline distribution channel. Practical activities require internet technology-based facilities which are usually located in a room called a laboratory. These skills will increase the competence of students at SMKN 1 Tambun Selatan which is required by the Industrial World. However, currently the school does not have a laboratory as a facility that supports the creation of student competencies. This is a problem for schools to be able to complete the competence of their students. The practical training method for the reservation and ticketing system simulation provided by the Trisakti Transportation and Logistics Institute (ITL) Lecturers is a solution in introducing the flight service system for students of SMKN 1 Tambun Selatan who currently do not have reservation or ticketing system facilities in the school laboratory. The results of the training evaluation showed that students were able to increase their knowledge after attending the training and were satisfied with this training activity.
Demonstration of Broadband Wavelength Conversion at 40 Gb/s in Silicon Waveguides

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present ultra-broadband wavelength conversion in silicon photonic waveguides at a data rate of 40 Gb/s. The dispersion-engineered device demonstrates a conversion bandwidth spanning the entire S -, C -, and L -bands of the ITU grid. Using a continuous-wave C -band pump, an input signal of wavelength 1513.7 nm is up-converted across nearly 50 nm at a data rate of 40 Gb/s, and bit-error-rate measurements are performed on the converted signal.
A Vacuolar ATPase Inhibitor, FR167356, Prevents Bone Resorption in Ovariectomized Rats With High Potency and Specificity: Potential for Clinical Application

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract FR167356, a novel inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase, has high potency against osteoclast V-ATPase and low potency against lysosomal V-ATPase. FR167356 is the first compound of this nature to be tested. It has the potential to be useful for clinical application. Introduction: It has been suggested that the key issue regarding the therapeutic usefulness of V-ATPase inhibitors is their selectivity. Materials and Methods: In in vitro and in vivo studies, we compared FR167356 with other vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and SB242784. H+ transport by various membrane vesicles was assayed by measuring uptake of acridine orange. Inhibitory activity against in vitro bone resorption was examined by measuring the Ca2+ release from cultured calvariae. In vivo, hypercalcemia was induced by retinoic acid in thyroparathyroidectomized-ovariectomized rats, and the effect on serum Ca2+ level was assessed. Ovariectomized rats were treated with FR167356 or SB242784. One week after surgery, free deoxypyridinoline levels in 24-h urine samples, which were collected from 6 h after administration of FR167356, were measured by ELISA. After 4 weeks of treatment, plasma biochemical parameters were analyzed. BMD of the distal femur metaphysis was measured with pQCT. Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibias was performed. Blood gases of rats treated with FR167356 were measured with a blood gas analyzer for estimating the effect of FR167356 on in vivo function of renal V-ATPase. Results: FR167356, which is distinctly different from other V-ATPase inhibitors, has a high potency against osteoclast V-ATPase and low potency against lysosomal V-ATPase. Similarly, FR167356 inhibited bone resorption in vitro when stimulated by PTH, IL-1, and IL-6. FR167356 reduced retinoic acid-induced hypercalcemia in thyroparathyroidectomized-ovariectomized rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, FR167356 was shown to restore BMD of ovariectomized rats caused by the inhibition of bone resorption. Ovariectomized rats treated with FR167356 did not show adverse symptoms, whereas SB242784 caused a decrease in body weight gain and significant changes in two plasma biochemical parameters. Interestingly, FR167356 treatment did not affect blood acid-base balance; however, FR167356 inhibited renal V-ATPase with a similar potency as for osteoclast V-ATPase inhibition. Conclusion: Comparison of FR167356 with SB242784 implies that the characteristics of FR167356 may be more appropriate for clinical application as a V-ATPase inhibitor.
Finite element simulations of microvoid growth due to selective oxidation in binary alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Selective oxidation induced void growth is observed in thermal barrier coating systems used in gas turbines. These voids occur at the interface between the bond coat (BC) and the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer. In this paper we develop the modelling framework to simulate microvoid growth due to coupled diffusion and creeping in binary alloys. We have implemented the modelling framework into an existing finite element programme. The developed modelling framework and programme is used to simulate microvoid growth driven by selective oxidation in a binary β-NiAl alloy. Axisymmetric void growth due to the combined action of interdiffusion and creeping is simulated. The sharpness of the void and direction of creeping are considered as parameters in our study. Our simulations show that the voids dilate without any change in shape when creeping is equally likely in all the directions (isotropic). Void growth patterns similar to those observed in experiments are predicted when the creeping is restricted to occur only along the radial and tangential directions. A hemispherical void grows faster compared to a sharp void. The sharpness increases in the case of a sharp void and could lead to interactions with the neighbouring voids leading to spallation of the TGO layer as observed in experiments.
To the origins of psychosis. Study paths between clinic and culture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The volume, edited by Daniele La Barbera, Luigi Baldari and Lucia Sideli, deals with the extended contributions of the Italian Society of Medical Psychotherapy Congress, wich took place in April 2015 in Messina. The papers exposed have been focused on various topic related to psychosis, analysed from several scientific point of view with a common thread.