jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rare Roman Finds from a Germanic (Quadi) Settlement: Luxurious Desires or Raw Materials? New research at the Ipolytölgyes–TSz-major site

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the Roman period, Germanic (Quadi) population settled in the valley of the Ipoly River.The locations of their sites are known thanks to earlier topographical research; however, a detailed evaluation of excavated archaeological assemblages has not been accomplished until recently.Since 2017, we conducted new archaeological investigations at the Ipolytölgyes-TSz-major site.Based on finds recovered from excavations and non-destructive surveys, we were able to draw a picture of the communities settling in the border zone of Pannonia in a more nuanced manner than ever before.
Contextual Challenges to Teaching Responsibility in a Sports Camp

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of Hellison’s (1995) responsibility model (TPSR) by staff at an instructional sports camp for at-risk youth. Through ethnographic interviews and observations, three recurring themes were identified that represented contextual challenges to teaching responsibility: (a) understanding and implementing TPSR, (b) perceptions of respect and disrespect, and (c) issues of control. The camp staff varied in their interpretations and implementations of TPSR, with some emphasizing its empowerment potential, while others were unable to relinquish control. These staff viewed TPSR as essentially a disciplinary device. Some of the staff modeled the same attributes that they demanded of the youngsters, while others were inflexible, authoritarian, and disrespectful. Those who were successful in implementing TPSR as suggested by Hellison used the strategies of teachable moments, feedback, and reflection to facilitate self-awareness and empowerment.
Automatic Prediction of Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Stroke Patients Undergoing Robotic Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recovery of upper extremity motor functions is crucial after a stroke. Robotic technologies have been employed for over two decades as part of rehabilitation strategies. However, the varying positive responses to robotic treatments emphasize the complexity of each clinical case. Addressing this diversity is a challenge in personalizing rehabilitation paths, underscoring the need for tailored recovery strategies. This study aims to develop a predictive method based on machine learning algorithms to anticipate upper limb motor recovery following therapy with the ALEx exoskeleton. The proposed approach automatically identifies patients more likely to benefit from robotic therapy. Through extensive feature extraction and validation (based on EMG and kinematics features of the upper limbs), we identified the contraction median of the brachioradialis muscle as the most predictive variable, resulting in an F1-Score of 1.0 in the majority of the classifiers. Our findings confirm that integrating EMG data during assessment can provide valuable information, enhancing overall evaluation and predicting motor recovery in stroke survivors undergoing robotic therapy.
Ionization of the hydrogen atom in strong magnetic fields: Beyond the adiabatic approximation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High magnetic fields in neutron stars, B ~ 10^{11} - 10^{13} G, substantially modify the properties of atoms and their interaction with radiation. In particular, the photoionization cross section becomes anisotropic and strongly polarization dependent. In a number of previous works based on the adiabatic approximation the conclusion was drawn that the transverse cross section vanishes for frequencies smaller than the electron cyclotron frequency. In other works (which employed a different form of the interaction operator) appreciable finite values were obtained. An adequate interpretation of the neutron star thermal-like radiation requires a resolution of this controversy.
In this work the atomic wave functions for both discrete and continuum states are calculated by solving the coupled channel equations allowing the admixture between different Landau levels, which provides much higher accuracy than the adiabatic approximation. This enables to resolve the above contradiction in favour of the finite transverse cross sections. The non-adiabatic treatment of the continuum includes coupling between closed and open channels, which leads to the autoionization of quasi-bound energy levels associated with the electron cyclotron excitations and gives rise to Beutler - Fano resonances of the photoionization cross section. Autoionization widths of these quasi-bound levels are calculated and compared with the radiative widths. The results are important for investigations of the radiation emergent from the surface layers of neutron stars.
A Competency Approach to Healing “Past Life Trauma”

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Traces the use of competency-based counseling to relieve chronic headaches attributed by the client to physical, sexual and psychospiritual trauma suffered in past lives. Treatment focused on the skills and resources the client could bring to bear on her problem. Case study includes commentary by the counselor and comments from the client six months after treatment. Treatment consisted of 10 sessions over a five-month period, and the client reported sustained improvement six months after counseling ended. Competency-based counseling uses theory and technique from solution-focused brief therapy, narrative therapy, and O'Hanlon's possibility therapy to move clients toward their goals as quickly as possible.
Optimization of Agricultural Tractor Engine Hood Forming Quality Based on Neural Network Genetic Algorithm Function

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To improve the forming quality of agricultural tractor engine hood and effectively solve the problems of wrinkling and cracking during the drawing forming process, DYNAFORM 5.9 finite element software was used for numerical simulation of the part. Based on a comprehensive scoring method of orthogonal experiments and grey relational analysis, the critical process parameters affecting the “maximum thickening rate” and “maximum thinning rate” were determined. Latin hypercube sampling was used to randomly sample the key process parameters, and the sampled samples served as the data basis for the optimization stage of the neural network genetic algorithm function; an optimization model of the neural network genetic algorithm function was established, with the key process parameters, and the “maximum thickening rate” and “maximum thinning rate” as inputs and outputs respectively, to construct a nonlinear mapping relationship and optimize the process parameters. The study showed that the blank holder force and die clearance had the greatest impact on the “maximum thickening rate” and “maximum thinning rate”, identifying them as key process parameters; the optimal process parameter combination was the blank holder force of 462.71 kN, the die clearance of 1.09 mm, and corresponding “maximum thickening rate” and “maximum thinning rate” of 3.97% and 25.96%, respectively. Overall, this research provides a practical optimization strategy to solve the quality issues of the engine hood, offering a theoretical basis for its actual production and processing with significant practical application value.
Involvement of Ceramides in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Atherosclerosis (ATS) Development: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (ATS) are worldwide known diseases with increased incidence and prevalence. These two are driven and are interconnected by multiple oxidative and metabolic functions such as lipotoxicity. A gamut of evidence suggests that sphingolipids (SL), such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage. Although in humans they are proving to be accurate biomarkers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes and NAFLD progression, in rodents, pharmacological inhibition or depletion of enzymes driving de novo ceramide synthesis prevents the development of metabolic driven diseases such as diabetes, ATS, and hepatic steatosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the pathways which generate the ceramide synthesis, the potential use of circulating ceramides as novel biomarkers in the development and progression of ATS and related diseases, and their potential use as therapeutic targets in NAFDL-ATS development which can further provide new clues in this field.
Between-herd variation in cow resilience and relations to management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Resilient cows are minimally affected in their functioning by disturbances, such as diseases or heat waves, and when affected they quickly recover. Low variance of daily deviations from expected milk yield (LnVar) indicates few fluctuations in milk yield due to disturbances and thus good resilience. Genetic variation in LnVar has been shown, and therefore we can breed for lower LnVar and thus improve resilience. However, it is unknown to what extent resilience of cows differs between herds, and how cow resilience is related to herd management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to estimate herd-year effects for the resilience indicator LnVar using a mixed animal model, and (2) to determine associations between these herd-year effects and herd parameters derived from milk production registration (MPR) data. Herd-year effects were estimated for 9,917 herd-year classes based on the LnVar of 227,615 primiparous cows. For these same herd-year classes,also herd parameters were derived from MPR data, such as average somatic cell count,proportion of cows with a rumen acidosis indication, and herd size. Correlations between these herd-year parameters and the herd-year effects on LnVar were then calculated. Ln-Var differed considerably between herd-years; the LnVar in the herd-year with the largest effect was more than 6 times as large as the LnVar in the herd-year with the smallest effect.The correlation between herd-year effects of subsequent years within the same farm was on average 0.69, indicating that within farms LnVar was quite consistent between years.The correlations between the herd-year parameters and the herd-year effects on LnVar showed that a high LnVar was associated with a high proportion of cows with a rumen acidosis indication (r = 0.31), a high average somatic cell score (r = 0.19), a low average fat content (r = -0.18), a long calving interval (r = 0.14), and a low survival to second lactation(r = -0.13). These correlations indicate that herds with a high LnVar have suboptimal management with regard to resilience. In conclusion, large differences in LnVar exist between herds, and herd-year effects on LnVar are a promising tool to inform farmers about the resilience of their cows.
Monitoring aminoglycoside use in patients with severely impaired renal function.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty patients with severely impaired renal function, 17 of wnom had recently transplanted kidneys, were treated with aminoglycosides for severe infections acquired in hospital. Serum aminoglycoside concentrations were closely monitored and dosages adjusted individually to obtain peak and trough concentrations that ensured adequate treatment while avoiding toxicity. Causative organisms were susceptible to treatment in 21 out of 26 episodes of infection (81%), and 12 of the 17 patients (71%) in whom organisms were isolated were cured. Nephrotoxicity attributable to aminoglycosides alone was not observed during the 35 courses of treatment. Ototoxicity occurred in only one patient, who had excessively high serum concentrations of amikacin. Serum aminoglycoside concentrations were directly affected by carbenicillin and flucytosine. The concurrent administration of cephradine and cephalexin with gentamicin may have produced nephrotoxicity. We conclude that aminoglycosides, when carefully monitored, are effective and safe in patients with severely impaired renal function.
SH1243979.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Political and journalistic discourse regarding the Catalan declaration of independence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract As van Dijk argues, ideologies are social beliefs which are usually transmitted through discourse, and therefore journalistic and political texts are seen to be two trusted means of communication which are ideal for that function. Within the framework of the relation between language and ideology, my aim is to carry out a critical discourse analysis of various texts of this type. I shall begin by comparing the content of seven different newspapers published on 28 October 2017, the day after the Catalan Parliament’s unilateral declaration of independence (UDI). Four of these are national in scope (ABC, El País, El Mundo, and La Razón) and three are published in Catalonia (La Vanguardia, El Periódico de Catalunya, and Ara). I then focus my attention on the information expressed in two of these, namely ABC and La Vanguardia, with the aim of examining the different ways the same information is treated and the linguistic mechanisms used to downplay or enhance the same facts for different ideological purposes. In a similar vein, I go on to analyse the different discourse approaches adopted by the main political parties when dealing with the concept of the State in their respective manifestos for the 2019 general election.
PINPOINTING THE CLASSIFIERS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE WRITING ABILITY: A DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS APPROACH

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The major aim of this paper was to investigate the validity of language and intelligence factors for classifying Iranian English learners` writing performance. Iranian participants of the study took three tests for grammar, breadth, and depth of vocabulary, and two tests for verbal and narrative intelligence. They also produced a corpus of argumentative writings in answer to IELTS specimen. Several runs of discriminant function analyses were used to examine the classifying power of the five variables for discriminating between low and high ability L2 writers. The results revealed that among language factors, depth of vocabulary (collocational knowledge) produces the best discriminant function. In general, narrative intelligence was found to be the most reliable predictor for membership in low or high groups. It was also found that, among the five sub-abilities of narrative intelligence, emplotment carries the highest classifying value. Finally, the applications and implications of the results for second language researchers, cognitive scientists, and applied linguists were discussed.
Mycoplasma genitalium Incidence, Coinfection, and Antibiotic Resistance: A Prospective Study at a Walk-In Clinic in Los Angeles County, CA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Among 98 participants with penile discharge symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae at a walk-in sexual health clinic, 11 were diagnosed with Mycoplasma genitalium, 10 had antibiotic resistance, and 6 were incorrectly presumptively treated. Our findings highlight the importance of public health strategies and research to curb M genitalium.
Experimental paradigm influence subject’s perception of attitudes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Japanese utterances spoken with different attitudes (admiration, suspicion, and disappointment) were independently manipulated for pitch-contour and voice quality using STRAIGHT {Kawahara}. Close copy stylization of the prototypical pitch contour for the three attitudes was imposed on the naturally spoken utterances, producing stimuli with all combinations of voice quality types and pitch-contour shapes. The utterances were submitted to two separate experiments, wherein subjects were asked to judge the attitude of the morphed utterances. The first, a forced choice experiment, asked subjects to choose if the utterances were admiration, suspicion, or disappointment, and the second, a free choice experiment, where subjects could freely choose the attitude they perceived. The results from the forced choice test indicated that subjects used pitch contour cues to choose speaker attitude. However, the results from the free choice paradigm indicated that subjects used both voice quality and intonation cues, and were able to perceive more affect types than the original three. Whereas the forced choice paradigm suggested that intonation was the primary cue for listeners to determine speaker attitudes, the free choice paradigm suggested an independence of voice quality and intonation in determining speaker attitudes, which resulted in a larger number of perceived attitudes by listeners.
Observations on the stomach and digestive diverticula of the lamellibranchia: II. The nuculidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The anatomy and histology of the stomach and digestive diverticula and the physiology of digestion in the Nuculidae have been investigated. The stomach is relatively large and possesses a well-developed style sac, although a rod-like crystalline style is absent. Sorting areas are present in the dorsal region of the stomach but the ciliary currents are relatively weak and have little effect on the ingested material. The digestive diverticula consist of three regions, the physiological relations of which have not been fully elucidated. The three regions are: (a) a much-branched system of non-ciliated main ducts, the epithelium of which shows a well-developed brush-border; (b) short, unbranched ciliated secondary ducts; (c) irregularly branched blindly ending tubules. The epithelium of the tubules is divided into two regions, one composed of large cells containing numerous conspicuous granules and the other of less frequent and smaller darkly staining cells. Each darkly staining cell bears a single flagellum. Separate mucous glands cannot be demonstrated in any part of the stomach or digestive diverticula. The epithelium of the style sac secretes an amylase and a lipase. Extracts of the digestive diverticula contain an amylase, a lipase, and a protease. Unlike the majority of lamellibranchs, fluid and solid particles do not appear to enter the digestive diverticula from the stomach and in no part of the gut or of the diverticula is there ever any evidence of intracellular digestion. It is suggested that in the Nuculidae digestion is exclusively extra-cellular and confined to the stomach. The soluble products are absorbed by the epithelium of the stomach and first part of the intestine. The diverticula of the rest of the Lamellibranchia are compared with those of the Nuculidae. While the Nuculidae are in many respects primitive lamellibranchs, the conclusion is reached that the digestive diverticula present many specialized features possibly correlated with the method of feeding.
A Novel Histogram-Based Multi-Threshold Searching Algorithm for Multilevel Colour Thresholding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image segmentation is an important preliminary process required in object tracking applications. This paper addresses the issue of unsupervised multi-colour thresholding design for colour-based multiple objects segmentation. Most of the current unsupervised colour thresholding techniques require adopting a supervised training algorithm or a cluster-number decision algorithm to obtain optimal threshold values of each colour channel for a colour-of-interest. In this paper, a novel unsupervised multi-threshold searching algorithm is proposed to automatically search the optimal threshold values for segmenting multiple colour objects. To achieve this, a novel ratio-map image computation method is proposed to efficiently enhance the contrast between colour and non-colour pixels. The Otsu's method is then applied to the ratio-map image to extract all colour objects from the image. Finally, a new histogram-based multi-threshold searching algorithm is developed to search the optimal upper-bound and lower-bound threshold values of hue, saturation and brightness components for each colour object. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only succeeds in separating all colour objects-of-interest in colour images, but also provides satisfactory colour thresholding results compared with an existing multilevel thresholding method.
Identifying the Binding Site of Novel Methyllycaconitine (MLA) Analogs at α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ligand gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission. Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is a selective and potent antagonist of the α7 nAChR, and its anthranilate ester side-chain is important for its activity. Here we report the influence of structure on nAChR inhibition for a series of novel MLA analogs, incorporating either an alcohol or anthranilate ester side-chain to an azabicyclic or azatricyclic core against rat α7, α4β2, and α3β4 nAChRs expressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes. The analogs inhibited ACh (EC<sub>50</sub>) within an IC<sub>50</sub> range of 2.3−26.6 μM. Most displayed noncompetitive antagonism, but the anthranilate ester analogs exerted competitive behavior at the α7 nAChR. At α4β2 nAChRs, inhibition by the azabicyclic alcohol was voltage-dependent suggesting channel block. The channel-lining residues of α4 subunits were mutated to cysteine and the effect of azabicyclic alcohol was evaluated by competition with methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA) and a thiol-reactive probe in the open, closed, and desensitized states of α4β2 nAChRs. The azabicyclic alcohol was found to compete with MTSEA between residues 6′ and 13′ in a state-dependent manner, but the reactive probe only bonded with 13′ in the open state. The data suggest that the 13′ position is the dominant binding site. Ligand docking of the azabicyclic alcohol into a (α4)<sub>3</sub>(β2)<sub>2</sub> homology model of the closed channel showed that the ligand can be accommodated at this location. Thus our data reveal distinct pharmacological differences between different nAChR subtypes and also identify a specific binding site for a noncompetitive channel blocker.