jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implications of public debt on economic growth and development.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper takes an ambitious look at long-run economic growth and investigates the relationship between debt, investments and economic development in a European context. The novelty of the approach is that it includes public debt as an independent variable in the augmented Solow model. The analysis is based on fixed effects models on a panel consisting of 12 European countries, observed across more than 30 years (1980-2012). Various estimation and validity issues are raised, including endogeneity and reverse causality. The general findings of this research are that economic growth has a significant negative effect on public debt accumulation. As economic growth slows down it leads to an increase in the budget deficit through reduced public revenue, leading to new debt issuance. The specific analyses for Italy and Portugal show that they have been on an unsustainable path in the last decades, accompanied by huge fiscal deficits, negative net exports, and rising interest rates on their debt.
Dynamics of electron-trapping materials under blue light and near-infrared exposure: an improved model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dynamics of electron-trapping materials (ETMs) is investigated. Based on experimental observations, evolution of the ETM's luminescence is mathematically modeled by a nonlinear differential equation. This improved model can predict dynamics of ETM under blue light and near-infrared (NIR) exposures during charging, discharging, simultaneous illumination, and in the equilibrium state. The equilibrium-state luminescence of ETM is used to realize a highly nonlinear optical device with potential applications in nonlinear optical signal processing.
Extremely High Purcell Factor of Plasmonic Modes in Thin Nano-Metallic Cylinders

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We numerically study the ultrahigh Purcell factor (>10 4 ) of plasmonic modes in thin metallic nanodisk and nanoring structures by fully three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Because of their extremely small mode volume (∼10 -5 λ 0 3 , λ 0 is the resonant wavelength in vacuum), plasmonic modes with a large radiative loss can have a high decay rate. Because of a uniform field enhancement inside their rings, nano-metallic ring structures show high potential for controlling high-extraction efficiency and single molecular sensing utilized in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Optimal haplotype reconstruction in half-sib families

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the goal of genetic improvement of livestock by marker assisted selection, we aim at reconstructing the haplotypes of sires from their offspring. We reformulate this problem into a weighted binary constraint satisfaction problem with only equality and disequality soft constraints. Our results show these problems have a small treewidth and can be solved optimally, improving haplotype reconstruction compared to previous approaches especially for small families (&lt;10 descendants).
The CAD risk locus 9p21 increases the risk of vascular calcification in an iPSC-derived VSMC model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Chromosome locus 9p21 was the first to be associated with increased risk of CAD and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Vascular calcification increases the risk for CAD. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the major cell types involved in the development of vascular calcification. Methods: So far, mainly animal models or primary SMCs have been used to model human vascular calcification. In this study, a human in vitro assay using iPSC-derived VSMCs was developed to examine vascular calcification. Human iPSCs were derived from a healthy non-risk (NR) and risk (R) donor carrying SNPs in the 9p21 locus. Additionally, 9p21 locus knockouts of each donor iPSC line (NR and R) were used. Following differentiation, the iPSC-derived VSMCs were characterized based on cell type, proliferation and migration rate, along with calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits. CaP deposits were confirmed using Calcein and Alizarin Red S staining and then quantified. Results: The data demonstrated significantly more proliferation, migration, and CaP deposition in VSMCs derived from the R and both KO iPSC lines than in those derived from the NR line. Molecular analyses confirmed upregulation of calcification markers. These results are consistent with recent data demonstrating increased calcification when the 9p21 murine ortholog is knocked-out. Conclusion: Therefore, in conclusion, genetic variation or deletion of the CAD risk locus leads to an increased risk of vascular calcification. This in vitro human iPSC model of calcification could be used to develop new drug screening strategies to combat CAC.
Study of mental workload in public administration managers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present research is carried out in the Municipal Administration with the objective of studying the behavior of the mental workload in the work places. The procedure used consists of three stages: preparation, experiments and results. The indicators selected for the study are: Simple Reaction Time, Complex Reaction Time, Discrimination Threshold, Depth Perception and Yoshitake Test are selected. SPSS software is used or the statistical analysis of the data, EndNote as a bibliographic manager and VOSviewer for its graphical representation. An Ishikawa Diagram is used to determine the causes that provoke mental fatigue during the working day in the individuals studied. As a result, out of the 12 workers studied, 6 presented extreme risk, 5 a worrying level and 1 a moderate level of mental workload. A proposal of measures to prevent and reduce the effect of mental workload is elaborated.
Structure of the Arabidopsis RPM1 Gene Enabling Dual Specificity Disease Resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plants can recognize pathogens through the action of disease resistance ( R ) genes, which confer resistance to pathogens expressing unique corresponding avirulence ( avr ) genes. The molecular basis of this gene-for-gene specificity is unknown. The Arabidopsis thaliana RPM1 gene enables dual specificity to pathogens expressing either of two unrelated Pseudomonas syringae avr genes. Despite this function, RPM1 encodes a protein sharing molecular features with recently described single-specificity R genes. Surprisingly, RPM1 is lacking from naturally occurring, disease-susceptible Arabidopsis accessions.
A case of vascular leiomyosarkoma diminished with intravenous leiomyomatosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle origin and up to 5% is caused by vascular smooth muscle. Vascular leiomyosarcoma is more common in women. The disease is often caused by large veins. Depending on the localization of the vein, different clinical pictures may be seen. As it is a rare tumor, there are difficulties in the clinical and pathological diagnosis of the disease. Standard recommendations on treatment are also not available.A 36-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with swelling in her left lower extremity. Physical examination of the patient was consistent with venous insufficiency findings. In the lower extremity venous doppler ultrasonography, there was grade 1 reflux in the left femoral vein. Medical treatment was performed. The patient was called for control after 1 month. The patient was re-admitted with deep vein thrombus. A repeat radiological examination revealed a mass in the left iliac vein. The patient was operated. The pathological diagnosis of the patient was evaluated in two centers. Finally, it was decided that the diagnosis was compatible with vascular leiomyosarcoma.Intravascular leiomyosarcoma can be overlooked in both clinical practice, radiological evaluation and histopathological examination because of its very rare occurrence. Keywords: Vascular leiomyosarcoma, Intravenous leiomyomatosis, Differential diagnosis
Research data and scripts for manuscript "Beyond Lux: Methods for Species and Photoreceptor-Specific Quantification of Ambient Light for Mammals"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

These files contain the raw data, analysis and scripts used to create the figures for the paper: Beyond Lux: Methods for Species and Photoreceptor-Specific Quantification of Ambient Light for MammalsFigure 1 Data - Mammalian melanopsin spectral sensitivitiesRaw & normalised cell response data:Figure 1 - cell responses & lmax.xlsxlmax fitting script:Opsin_Fit-README.mdopsin-receptor-fitting-analysis.Rproj1.extract_and_transform.R2.fitting_procedure.R3.fig_bootstrap_results.R4.fig_RSS_per_lmax.R5.sigmoind_fits_plots.Rcalc_sum_log_photons_gov.Rcreate_govardovskii_template.Rlmax_based_5p_fitting.Rpower_to_photons.Rresponses.xlsxspectra.xlsx
Figure 2 Data - Cross-species light dosimeter validationFigure 2 - ReadMe.txtFunctions:plotspecs.mplotvalidation.mcalculateerrors.mWorkspaces (Used by functions above):calibration.matvalidation.mat
Figure 3 Data - Irradiance response curves for circadian phase shifting in C57 wild-type mouseFigure 3 - raw data.xlsx
Figure 4 Data - Cross-species α-opic EDIs across different light sourcesFigure 4 - raw data.xlsxFigure 4 - SolarAngle.RFigure 4 - SolarAngle.Rdata
Supplementary Figure 1 - Pre-Receptoral Filtering DataPre_R_Filter-Cornea-1-Norm_cornea_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Cornea-2-Transf_Norm_Spline_Norm_cornea_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Cornea-2-Transf_Norm_SplineCubic_Norm_cornea_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Cornea-3-cornea.trans.data.csvPre_R_Filter-Lens-1-Norm_lens_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Lens-2-Transf_Norm_Spline_Norm_lens_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Lens-2-Transf_Norm_SplineCubic_Norm_lens_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Lens-3-lens.trans.data.csvPre_R_Filter-Vitreous-1-Norm_vitreous_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Vitreous-2-Transf_Norm_Spline_Norm_vitreous_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Vitreous-2-Transf_Norm_SplineCubic_Norm_vitreous_trans_data.csvPre_R_Filter-Vitreous-3-vitreous.trans.data.csv
PROPERTIES CHANGE OF RICE STRAW RESIDUES DUE TO DECOMPOSITION AND MOISTURE CONTENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A way to bury the rice straw in the soil is the decomposed rice straw internodes to prevent the black cloud which caused high pollution in Cairo every year.The mechanical and physical properties of straw residues from cereal crops left on the soil are affected by decomposition rate and moisture content during inter-cropping period.In this research, the study was carried out the relationship between physical characteristics and mechanical properties of mature rice straw as a function of decomposition and moisture content.The mechanical properties of rice straw residues such as shearing and bending stress were evaluated.Physical properties of ground samples such as moisture content, humid, mean diameter, length and thickness of rice straw internodes were determined.The ear internodes had the lowest mass per unit length and the highest density because of its smaller diameter and stem wall thickness.The difference in maximum force and energy required for failures among internodes is due to their mass per unit length and cross-sectional area.The higher Young's modulus and maximum bending stress of the ear internodes found to be due to its higher properties of hemicelluloses.Bending and shear strengths decreased by 70% and 80% respectively with decomposition due to the loss of mass.Rice straw moisture had opposite effects on bending and shearing strengths.The maximum bending stress decreased by 54% and the shear stress increased by 83%.As both decomposition and moisture greatly modify the mechanical properties of straw.These two factors should be taken into account in the management of straw after harvest.
Biogenesis of microsomal membrane glycoproteins in rat liver. I. Presence of glycoproteins in microsomes and cytosol.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The glycoproteins of microsomes and cytosol were studied. Various washing procedures did not release the proteins from the microsomes, and immunological tests demonstrated that the sialoproteins are not serum components. Low concentrations of deoxycholate and incubation in 0.25 M sucrose solution liberated a small amount of microsomal sialoprotein and this fraction exhibited a high degree of labeling of protein-bound N-acetylneuraminic acid. A part of the glycoprotein fraction could not be solubilized, even with a high concentration of the detergent. Thoroughly perfused rat liver contained sialoproteins in the particle-free supernate. The level of sialoprotein present could not be due to contamination with serum or broken organelles. The high in vivo incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into protein-bound sialic acid of Golgi membranes and cytosol was paralleled by a delayed and lesser rate of incorporation into the rough and smooth microsomal membranes. This incorporation pattern suggests the possibility that the glycoproteins of cytosol and Golgi may later be incorporated into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Exploring the Antioxidative Effects of Ginger and Cinnamon: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Other Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oxidative stress represents the pathophysiological basis for most disorders, including reproductive issues. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is heterogeneous endocrine disorder of women characterized primarily by irregular menstrual cycles, hyper-androgenism, and ovulatory dysfunction. In the last decades, PCOS was recognized as a systemic silent inflammation and an oxidative disturbance-related disorder, exerting multifaceted symptoms, including metabolic. PCOS treatment should involve a personalized approach tailored to individual symptoms; however, the results are often unsatisfactory. Various supplementary treatments have been proposed to assist in the management and alleviation of PCOS symptoms. Cinnamon and ginger, known for millennia as herbs used in spices or traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, are of interest in this study. The aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the effects of cinnamon and ginger in PCOS patients. Using relevant keywords we searched through PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of science to find animal studies, pre-clinical, and clinical studies which were then reviewed for usage. Out of all of the reviewed studies a total of 65 studies were included in this review article. Cinnamon and ginger can affect hormonal status, lipid profile, obesity, and insulin resistance by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Generally, based on current clinical evidence, it was revealed that supplementation with cinnamon or ginger had a useful impact in patients with PCOS. This review summarizes the antioxidative effects of ginger and cinnamon in PCOS treatment, highlighting their potential benefits in other oxidative stress-related pathologies.
Nezzle: an interactive and programmable visualization of biological networks in Python

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary High-quality visualization of biological networks often requires both manual curation for proper alignment and programming to map external data to the graphical components. Nezzle is a network visualization software written in Python, which provides programmable and interactive interfaces for facilitating both manual and automatic curation of the graphical components of networks to create high-quality figures. Availability and implementation Nezzle is an open-source project under MIT license and is available from https://github.com/dwgoon/nezzle. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplementary Figure 2 from α-Catulin Marks the Invasion Front of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Is Important for Tumor Cell Metastasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 44K, shRNA lentiviral system was used to generate stable MDA-MB-231 cell lines that were �-catulin-deficient. The specific knockdown of �-catulin in MDA-MB-231 cells (G85) compared to the non-silencing control (GNS) was confirmed by RT-PCR (A), real-time qPCR (A'), and western blot (B). In vitro cell migration (C) and invasion (D) was decreased in �-catulin-ablated MDA-MB-231 cells; cells were visualized with toluidine blue. Standard error bars are shown (n=4 for cell migration and n=4 for invasion assay). *** statistical significance was determined using t-test (p < 0.001) or * analysis of variant (ANOVA) (p <0.02)</p>
Lipolytic response of rat adipocytes to epinephrine: Effect of age and cell size

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This is the third in a series of three papers in which we study a two-dimensional lattice gas consisting of two types of particles subject to Kawasaki dynamics at low temperature in a large finite box with an open boundary. Each pair of particles occupying neighboring sites has a negative binding energy provided their types are different, while each particle has a positive activation energy that depends on its type. There is no binding energy between particles of the same type. At the boundary of the box particles are created and annihilated in a way that represents the presence of an infinite gas reservoir. We start the dynamics from the empty box and are interested in the transition time to the full box. This transition is triggered by a critical droplet appearing somewhere in the box.\nIn the first paper we identified the parameter range for which the system is metastable, showed that the first entrance distribution on the set of critical droplets is uniform, computed the expected transition time up to and including a multiplicative factor of order one, and proved that the nucleation time divided by its expectation is exponentially distributed, all in the limit of low temperature. These results were proved under three hypotheses, and involved three model-dependent quantities: the energy, the shape and the number of critical droplets. In the second paper we proved the first and the second hypothesis and identified the energy of critical droplets. In the third paper we prove the third hypothesis and identify the shape and the number of critical droplets, thereby completing our analysis.\nBoth the second and the third paper deal with understanding the geometric properties of subcritical, critical and supercritical droplets, which are crucial in determining the metastable behavior of the system, as explained in the first paper. The geometry turns out to be considerably more complex than for Kawasaki dynamics with one type of particle, for which an extensive literature exists. The main motivation behind our work is to understand metastability of multi-type particle systems.
Chronicle of the Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University of December 17, 1908

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dr. Pervushin. An interesting report by I. A. is supported by such convincing anatomical and physiological data concerning the treated area that one can fully agree with his conclusions regarding the nature of the painful phenomena of the described case. Only on the question of the participation in this case of the lesion of the spinal cord itself, I would take a somewhat different view, or rather be more categorical: there was no direct lesion of the spinal cord; if this were allowed, in view of the increase in tendon reflexes on the left leg and Achilles on the right, then it would be necessary to assume that the knife, penetrating the spinal canal on the left and injuring the roots of the left side, penetrated the substance of the brain, passing on the left and on its right side, which caused damage to the rights. pyramidal bundle and caused an increase in tendon reflexes not only on the left, but also on the right. With such a mechanism, however, a number of corresponding spinal symptoms would be observed, which was not the case. The increase in the mentioned reflexes could be explained, perhaps, by the pressure on the spinal cord of the hematoma.
Determinants of the VP1/2A junction cleavage by the 3C protease in foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid precursor, P1-2A, is cleaved by FMDV 3C protease to yield VP0, VP3, VP1 and 2A. Cleavage of the VP1/2A junction is the slowest. Serotype O FMDVs with uncleaved VP1-2A (having a K210E substitution in VP1; at position P2 in cleavage site) have been described previously and acquired a second site substitution (VP1 E83K) during virus rescue. Furthermore, introduction of the VP1 E83K substitution alone generated a second site change at the VP1/2A junction (2A L2P, position P2′ in cleavage site). These virus adaptations have now been analysed using next-generation sequencing to determine sub-consensus level changes in the virus; this revealed other variants within the E83K mutant virus population that changed residue VP1 K210. The construction of serotype A viruses with a blocked VP1/2A cleavage site (containing K210E) has now been achieved. A collection of alternative amino acid substitutions was made at this site, and the properties of the mutant viruses were determined. Only the presence of a positively charged residue at position P2 in the cleavage site permitted efficient cleavage of the VP1/2A junction, consistent with analyses of diverse FMDV genome sequences. Interestingly, in contrast to the serotype O virus results, no second site mutations occurred within the VP1 coding region of serotype A viruses with the blocked VP1/2A cleavage site. However, some of these viruses acquired changes in the 2C protein that is involved in enterovirus morphogenesis. These results have implications for the testing of potential antiviral agents targeting the FMDV 3C protease.
Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and wound healing properties ofCarica papaya leaves extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Carica papaya is a well-known plant that has been reported to exert various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and wound healing properties. However, to date, the lack of scientific evidence has been explored on the efficiency of the solvents towards C. papaya extract as a potential wound healer. The selection of proper extraction solvent plays a pivotal role in extracting the bioactive compounds from the plant. Therefore, the present study was aimed to examine the effect of three types of extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) on the antioxidant activity and wound healing potential of C. papaya leaves. In this study, the effect of different solvents of C. papaya leaves extracts were determined through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, cytotoxicity assay and scratch migration assay on Human Skin Fibroblast cells (HSF1184). The result showed that the methanolic extract of C. papaya possessed a significant antioxidant activity as compared to ethanol and aqueous extract. The result also demonstrated that methanolic extract significantly stimulates the highest migration rate of HSF1184 cell at a concentration of 3.9 µg/mL, 7.8 µg/mL and 15.6 µg/ mL (p  0.05) after 48 hrs with no cytotoxicity observed at the concentration lower than 1000 mg/mL as compared to other solvents. HPLC analysis of methanol extract identified the presence of two flavonoids (catechin, quercetin) and two phenolic acids (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid). The findings suggest that the methanolic extract of C. papaya is effective in fighting free radicals and it has good wound healing activities. It also has the potential to be further explored for its medicinal values owing to the abundance of bioactive compounds from the extract.