jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Who produces vitamin B12 in Tempeh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since 20 years ago people have known that vitamin B12 in tempeh is produced by
activity of bacteria especially Klepsiella sp and Citrobacter freundii during fungal
fermentation. In this study Klebsiella sp and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as inoculums
along with Rhizopus oligosporus in soybean fermentation for the making of tempeh (T). Each
inoculum was inoculated separately along with R.oligosporus on to dehulled cooked soybeans
as follows: soybeans + R.oligosporus + Klebsiella sp (TRK), soybeans + R.oligosporus +
S.cerevisiae (TRS), soybeans + R.oligosporus + S.cerevisiae + Klebsiella sp. (TRSK), and Soy
+ R.oligosporus (TR) and soybeans + Klebsiella sp. (TK). Inoculated soybeans were then
incubated at 30°C for 36 hours. Observations were made on the growth of Klebsiella sp,
S.cerevisiae and R. Oligosporus, and vitamin B12 in tempeh. The results showed that the
highest vitamin B12 was 3.15 mg/100g in TSR, followed by 2.88 mg/100g and 1.64 mg/100g
were in TSKR and TR respectively. Meanwhile, vitamin B12 in TKR, 0.81mg/100g, was lower
than in TK which was 0.96mg/100g. Nevertheless, the total number of bacteria in the tempeh
was the highest (108 CFU / g) compared with the total number of S. cerevisiae (104CFU / g) or
the total number of R.oligosporus (103CFU / g) in the tempeh. This suggests that the role of
bacteria in producing vitamin B12 was less than that of S. cerevisiae or R.oligosporus. The
conclusion was that S. cerevisiae has a significant contribution to the production of vitamin B12
in tempeh.
“A Treacherous Tightrope”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter, by Alice Lovejoy, chronicles the United States Office of War Information’s plans to distribute forty Hollywood feature films in liberated Europe under the auspices of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force’s Psychological Warfare Division (PWD-SHAEF). From the comparative perspectives of OWI and the Allied countries for which the films were destined (Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Czechoslovakia, its central case study), it examines the economic, ideological, and pragmatic questions that intersected in these films’ selection and distribution, focusing on the tensions caused by OWI’s close relationship with the American film industry. The chapter argues that the case study of these forty films highlights Europe’s fraught political, cultural, and diplomatic relationship with American cinema on the cusp of the Cold War, as well as the complex logics underpinning film distribution in this period.
THE CALIFORNIAN CLOSED CONE PINES (SUBSECTION OOCARPAE LITTLE AND CRITCHFIELD): A TAXONOMIC HISTORY AND REVIEW

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Of the seven pines that compose subsection Oocarpae (Little and Critchfield) in the genus Pinus , only the three Californian species form a coherent group, while the other four differ from each other and from the Californian species. Traits of the Californian species ( Pinus radiata, P. muricata, P. attenuata ) vary in complex geographic patterns, a situation that has led to nomenclatural confusion. Modern studies of genetic varation clarified some relationships among the taxa and uncovered other new problems. The taxonomic history and present status are reviewed and discussed. Monterey pine has been described as Pinus californiana, P. adunca, P. Montereyensis, P. monteragensis, P. Sinclairii, P. tuberculata, P. insignis , and P. radiata. Numerous varietal names for the mainland populations were described, then dropped. Current understanding of this species describes pines at Año Nuevo, Monterey, and Cambria as P. radiata var. radiata , pines on Guadalupe Is. as P. radiata var. binata , and on Cedros Is. as P. radiata var. cedrosensis. Complex variation in bishop pine led populations of that species to be called P. insignis, P. Edgariana, P. murrayana, P. contorta , and P. muricata. Present taxonomy describes central and southern populations as P. muricata var. muricata , populations north of (and including a few individuals at) Monterey as P. muricata var. borealis. The status of two cone variants, P. muricata var. stantonii and P. remorata is disputed on the basis of relationships among other traits. The latter appears to be a variant of bishop pine. Knobcone pine has been described as P. californica, P. tuberculata and P. attenuata. Only the latter name is currently used.
Human-computer interactions for systems identification of gene regulatory networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, information technology has reached out into many different areas to support various applications, researches and studies. Among them, gene network inference takes a large portion .There are plenty of software applications developed to analyse Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN) and Meta-GRN is one of them with its useful functionalities and interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI). In this project, functionality of Meta-GRN has been largely enhanced by adding more features into it. With these integrated features, the efficiency and effectiveness of the application will be increased significantly. Important features include allowing users to modify gene regulatory network according to their preferences, by editing nodes (genes) or edges (interactions). Another essential feature we have developed is to evaluate the modified gene regulatory network developed by users and give users some feedback interactively. In this way, users will have a direct view about how their modified network impacts the simulation of gene expression data matrix. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) will be applied to gene expression data matrix to reduce potential noises. Furthermore, a new function allows users to compare standard networks with modified or inferred networks directly by calculating F-score of the interactions. At the same time, user logic is refined to improve usability and reduce overhead. Last but not least, to help users explore the full functionalities of Meta-GRN, a very detailed user manual is created and recorded for future deployment purpose. These new features and documentation will offer great help for users to gain further understanding about the functions of Meta-GRN.
An algorithm for on-line digital control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new algorithm for use in the on-line digital computer control of tracking systems is presented and compared with the quadratic programming algorithm. The new algorithm is considered to be better than quadratic programming for on-line control because; 1) it appears to converge faster, 2) the cost function is a monotone function of the iteration number, and 3) the "search" is made within the constraint set.
Who are the public equity holders? partners needed in Philadelphia and baltimore for urban sustainability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Great Recession has strained governments at all levels and presented cities, especially formerly industrial cities, with nearlyunprecedented budgetary challenges. This paper examines the long-termimplications for infrastructure maintenance and service provision ofunfavorable economic and demographic trends in Philadelphia andBaltimore. The concept of the public equity holder, which borrows a term forpublic finance from corporate finance, introduces a category of potentialcontributors to the capital deficit undermining urban sustainability. Theconcept is illustrated by a case study of the two cities to explore howcandidate public equity holders, including taxpayers, nonprofits, and publicemployees, may contribute. Resulting from this research are identifiablefactors, particularly patience and risk tolerance, which have led to orimpeded partnerships promoting urban sustainability and will provide thefoundation for broader future study
Young wood: a woodland beyond the edge

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Young Wood, near Mungrisedale, in the Lake District National Park is the highest Atlantic oakwood in England. This makes Young Wood the current upper altitudinal limit for semi-natural, ancient woodland in England. This iconic woodland was fenced by Natural England in autumn 2008 to remove grazing sheep in order to conserve and enhance biodiversity, for example by enabling natural regeneration of trees. It is hypothesised that management of semi-natural habitats to conserve and enhance biodiversity may also protect, and possibly increase, carbon storage in the landscape. However, very little research has specifically tested this in long-term field studies. The fencing of Young Wood provides a good opportunity to improve the evidence base. Immediately prior to fencing soil samples were taken to provide baseline carbon and nitrogen concerntrations. Soil bulk density samples were also taken to enable an estimation of soil carbon content. Data from this initial soil survey were analysed to compare current soil concentration and content under different types of vegetation. The potential implications of the results for future carbon storage are discussed. Future repeat surveys will determine how carbon storage is actually affected by the removal of grazing sheep. To begin to monitor changes in biodiversity, a ground vegetation survey was undertaken in summer 2009 and a baseline lichen survey was undertaken in 2010. Data from these baseline surveys are briefly described. A follow up ground vegetation survey was undertaken in 2010. Data from these baseline surveys are briefly described. A follow up ground vegetation survey was indertaken in 2011. Data are compared to the baseline 2009 survey. The possible implications of early changes in ground vegetation composition are discussed. The aim of this paper is to provide a reference to the baseline survey work undertaken at Young Wood. It is hoped that further surveys of soil, ground vegetation and lichens will be undertaken in future, but also that surveys of other measures of biodiversity and of carbon stocks and fluxes, can be commenced.
The Complexity of the Treatment: The Decision-Making Process Among Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are effective medications available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); yet, medication adherence remains a problem. In this study, grounded theory methodology was used to investigate the decision-making process used by 30 women with RA when deciding to participate in an evidence-based treatment regimen for this disease. From the study findings, a four-phase process was identified. Pain, life functioning, and exhaustion of health care resources are the components of the initial phase, decision initiation. During knowledge acquisition, the second phase, patients attain information about RA and medications used for its treatment from varying sources. The third phase, trusting the health care provider, is defined by a trusting relationship between patients and health care providers. Patients decide to take or not take medications for RA during the final phase, decision is made. The participating women with RA used a complex decision-making process when deciding to take medications for this disease.
An extremely low-profile MF monopole antenna design and measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the long lateral dimension of the λ 0 /2 transmission line is reduced significantly by using the modified T-type 180 degree phase shifter that replaces its lumped capacitor with an open-stub. Based on the equivalent circuit model using this modified T-type 180 degree phase shifter, the extremely low-profile miniaturized monopole antenna with two in-phase radiating vertical elements is designed. In-phase radiated fields from the two short vertical pins result in increased effective height of the short dipole and thus enhances the gain compared to the short monopole having the same height. In this way, significant size reduction can be realized and the input impedance can be matched to 50 without the use of external matching networks. The lateral dimension and the height of the proposed antenna including the ground plane are 100cm (λ 0 /150) and 50cm (λ 0 /300) at 2MHz, respectively. For gain enhancement, optimized air-core inductors with high quality factor (Q >> 3000) by minimizing the proximity effect are used in the phase shifter. Details of the proposed design approach, antenna geometry, and the simulated and measured results will be presented during the symposium.
Sustainable Intergenerational Justice and its Ends

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary concern of this work is to ask what we want to leave to future generations. The argumentation is grounded in two premises: firstly, that there is an intrinsic interdependence between justice and sustainable development; and secondly, that the capabilities approach proposed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum has made the crucial contribution of pointing out that for social justice, it is ‘ends’ that are fundamental and not just ‘means’. The idea behind this hypothesis is that people transform resources into valuable ways of ‘being’ and ‘doing’ differently, so the informational focus should be shifted onto ‘freedoms to’, or the real opportunities that people have. Thus, compared to theories that place the emphasis on income or needs in relation to development and sustainable justice, the capabilities approach presents a more promising framework for correcting intergenerational injustices. However, this theory must also deal with problems unique to prospective justice, in addition to the limitations of its own incompleteness. In this sense, it could be very helpful to complement it with an idea of intergenerational responsibility and a specification of the content of capabilities, for its implementation in the intergenerational context.
Spanish Version of the Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale: Validity and Reliability

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Self-efficacy appears to be an important predictor of functional recovery for women with urinary incontinence, but no specific Spanish-language questionnaires for measuring pelvic-floor exercise self-efficacy exist. Objective The aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable Spanish version of the Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale to measure self-efficacy, as perceived by women with urinary incontinence, in performing pelvic-floor exercises. Design This was an observational validation study. Methods Translation-back translation was used to design the survey, and then the survey was validated with a sample of 119 women who were incontinent and had undergone a pelvic-floor exercise training program. The reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to score the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated with the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis with both the principal components extraction method and the varimax rotation method was used to assess construct validity. Results The reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha=.91) and the correlations among items were high. The factor analysis revealed that 6 main factors accounted for 75.8% of the variance. Limitations Conclusions regarding the validity of the questionnaire should be drawn with caution because of the inability to assess criterion-related validity. Conclusions The Spanish version of the Broome questionnaire for self-efficacy appears to be useful as a measuring tool for a psychometrically accurate, clinically relevant estimation of women's self-efficacy in performing pelvic-floor exercises.
Hybrid Entropy in the Time-Frequency Domain for Grading Electrode Sediment Identification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The traditional manual periodic screening method of grading electrode sediments is prone to cause the equipment failure of high voltage direct current converter valves. Therefore, we propose to use ultrasonic time-domain reflection method to detect the sediments. However, the ultrasonic echo signals are characterized by nonlinearity and nonsmoothness, which makes it very difficult to extract effective features for sediment detection. To address this issue, we propose an intelligent detection method based on multiscale hybrid entropy characteristics in the time-frequency domain. First, a multiscale decomposition of the signal is performed. Second, the weighted form factor index is proposed to select the noise modes. Moreover, we propose to calculate the hybrid entropy in the time-frequency domain of each mode as the characteristic input bidirectional long and short-term memory network model, and verified that feature enhancement can be achieved by noise modes noise reduction. Finally, the experimental validation shows that the proposed method can achieve nondestructive testing and intelligent identification of graded electrode sediment with a correct identification rate of 94.25%.
Dalpiciclib combined with chidamide and letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy for HR-positive, HER2-negative early or locally advanced breast cancer: A single-arm, prospective, exploratory clinical study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e12593 Background: Hormone receptor (HR)-positive/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer (BC) exhibits lower rates of pathologic complete response and objective response rate (ORR) to neoadjuvant therapy, highlighting an urgent clinical need for more effective alternatives. Dalpiciclib is a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor, and chidamide is an orally selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of dalpiciclib plus chidamide and letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy for HR-positive/HER2-negative BC. Methods: This is a single-arm, open-label study that enrolled patients with early or locally advanced HR-positive/HER2-negative BC. After enrollment, patients received six 28-day cycles of dalpiciclib (100 mg, po, qd, d1-21) plus chidamide (20mg, biw, po, d1-21) and letrozole (2.5 mg, qd, po) as neoadjuvant therapy. Tumor response was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 by MRI examination every 2 cycles until surgery. Surgical treatment will be performed within 2-4 weeks after the end of neoadjuvant therapy, and subsequent adjuvant therapy will be carried out by the investigator according to the actual situation of the subject. The primary endpoint was residual cancer burden score of 0 or I (RCB 0/I), and the secondary endpoints were the total pathological complete response rate (tpCR; ypT0/is and ypN0), objective response rate (ORR) and safety analysis. This study is registered with China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2400081280). Results: From August 2023 to January 2025, 23 patients were enrolled in our study. All patients had ER expression ≥ 50%, and 74% (17/23) had Ki67 expression ≥ 20%. Among the 12 patients completed neoadjuvant therapy and underwent surgery, the postoperative RCB 0/I was 25% (95% CI, 5.5%-49.5%), tpCR was 25% (95% CI, 5.5%-49.5%), ORR was 92% (95% CI, 61.5%-100.0%). Among the 20 patients who completed the assessment after 2 cycles, the ORR was 75% (95% CI, 50.9%-94.0%). The most common adverse events (AEs) were decreased neutrophil count (100%) and decreased white blood cell count (86%), with grade ≥3 AEs occurring in 82% and 55% of patients, respectively. While other AEs were predominantly grade 1 or 2. Conclusions: Our results showed thatthe combination of dalpiciclib, chidamide and letrozole demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and promising clinical efficacy, suggesting its potential as an alternative fully oral, chemotherapy-free neoadjuvant treatment for HR-positive, HER2-negative early or locally advanced breast cancer. Further research is needed to validate these findings. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2400081280 .
Nominal en iyi türü bir kalite karakteristiği için muayene hatası ve yeniden işlemenin kalite kaybı üzerine etkileri.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Taguchi defines quality loss as the loss imposed to the consumer for each unit of deviation from the target consumer requirements. In this thesis, the effects of inspection error and rework on quality loss are studied for a nominal-the-best type quality characteristic. The distribution of the quality characteristic in a production environment where there are inspection error and a separate rework facility is investigated. 100 % inspection policy is considered. After deriving the mean and variance of the resulting distribution of the quality characteristic, the true and simulated quality loss values for a number of scenarios are calculated. Furthermore, effects of deviation of the process mean from the target and variance of the rework are studied besides inspection error and process capability through a full factor factorial experimental design. Results are discussed for possible uses as quality improvement project selection criteria.
Background

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rectus sheath hematoma is a rare condition. It encompasses a wide spectrum of severity (self-limiting to fatal) depending on its size, etiology, and the development of complications. It has multiple possible etiologies including, frequently, coagulation disorders or anticoagulation therapy. It enters into the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain but it’s frequently difficult to diagnose and radiological imaging is often required. Methods We report a series of five patients that came to our hospital within a 8-month period. The patients were between 63 to 78 years old. One of them was in therapy with warfarin, one was in therapy with acetilsaliciliate and clopidogrel and in an another patient, a coagulation disorder was detected. Diagnosis was suspected in all
Evidence of Band-Edge Hole Levels Inversion in Spherical CuInS2 Quantum Dots

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

CuInS2 (CIS) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for application in a number of new technologies, mostly due to their heavy-metal-free composition and their unique optical properties. Among those, the large Stokes shift and the long-lived excited state are the most striking ones. Although these properties are important, the physical mechanism that originates them is still under debate. Here, we use two-photon absorption spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics studies to investigate the physical origin of those phenomena. From the two-photon absorption spectroscopy, we observe yet another unique property of CIS QDs, a two-photon absorption transition below the one-photon absorption band edge, which has never been observed before for any other semiconductor nanostructure. This originates from the inversion of the 1S and 1P hole level order at the top of the valence band and results in a blue-shift of the experimentally measured one photon absorption edge by nearly 100 to 200 meV. However, this shift is not large enough to account for the Stokes shift observed, 200-500 meV. Consequently, despite the existence of the below band gap optical transition, photoluminescence in CIS QDs must originate from trap sites. These conclusions are reinforced by the multiexciton dynamics studies. From those, we demonstrate that biexciton Auger recombination behaves similarly to negative trion dynamics on these nanomaterials, which suggests that the trap state is an electron donating site.