jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unmixing Memory and Desire

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstinent drug addicts often relapse following exposure to environmental cues associated with drug taking. The ability of some forms of previously acquired memory to influence future behavior may depend upon reconsolidation of retrieved memories (see Hernandez and Kelley), leading two groups to see if disrupting such reconsolidation also disrupts the association of addictive drugs with contextual cues. The acquisition of cocaine-conditioned place preference (COC-CPP) in rats depends on activation of the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway; it is blocked by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), which phosphorylates and thereby activates ERK. Miller and Marshall used immunocytochemistry and Western analysis to show increased phosphorylation of ERK and of the downstream transcription factors Elk-1 and CREB in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC, a midbrain region associated with cue-elicited drug seeking) in rats that had acquired COC-CPP. Infusion of a MEK inhibitor into the AcbC shortly before testing for COC-CCP blocked COC-CCP-related behavior and an associated increase in ERK, CREB, and Elk-1 phosphorylation and Fos abundance in the AcbC of rats that had already undergone pairing of cocaine with a particular environment. When administered independently of behavioral testing, MEK inhibition did not affect COC-CCP tested 24 hours later. However, rats in which exhibition of COC-CPP was blocked by preadministration of a MEK inhibitor, or that received a MEK inhibitor right after testing (who exhibited COC-CCP during the test), failed to show COC-CCP when retested 24 hours or 14 days later. These rats also showed decreased activation of the AcbC ERK pathway. Thus, the authors concluded that disruption of AcbC ERK signaling during memory reconsolidation blocked the subsequent expression of COC-CCP. Expression of the transcription factor Zif268 in the basolateral amygdala increases following reexposure to stimuli associated with self-administration of cocaine. In the second study, by Lee et al. , rats learned to nosepoke for a cocaine infusion, which was accompanied by a light. When paired with a memory reactivation session, Zif268 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (Zif268 ASO) infused into the basolateral amygdala eliminated the ability of light to promote acquisition of a new drug-seeking behavior, whereas missense oligodeoxynucleotides, administered with the reactivation session, or Zif268 ASO, administered without it, did not. C. A. Miller, J. F. Marshall, Molecular substrates for retrieval and reconsolidation of cocaine-associated contextual memory. Neuron 47 , 873-884 (2005). [PubMed] J. L. C. Lee, P. Di Ciano, K. L. Thomas, B. J. Everitt, Disrupting reconsolidation of drug memories reduces cocaine-seeking behavior. Neuron 47 , 795-801 (2005). [PubMed] P. J. Hernandez, A. E. Kelley, Cracking addiction the second time around: Reconsolidation of drug-related memories. Neuron 47 , 772-775 (2005). [PubMed]
LHD NB3arm #171426.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Case-matching effects under clausal ellipsis and the cue-based theory of sentence processing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is concerned with case-matching effects under clausal ellipsis. We begin by considering available crosslinguistic data that indicate that variation in case marking on a fragment is delimited by the argument structure of the lexical head that assigns case to the fragment’s correlate in the antecedent clause. We then offer experimental evidence for a case-matching preference in Korean when a fragment and its correlate may differ in case marking. This case-matching preference corresponds to a known case of mandatory case-matching in Hungarian, but their relationship is not predicted by any of the existing syntactic accounts of case-matching effects under clausal ellipsis. We propose a novel perspective on fragments that derives case-matching effects, including optional and mandatory case matching, from the predictions of cue-based retrieval. Two further acceptability judgment studies are offered in support of our proposal.
Differences in the transcriptomes of organically and conventionally grown potatoes.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microarray analysis was performed on a well-defined set of potato tuber samples grown under different, well-recorded environmental conditions. The data were analysed to assess the potential of transcriptomics to detect differences in gene expression as a result of these environmental conditions. Differences were found for both factors, both in PCA and in ANOVA analysis.
The effect of field orientation on current transfer in multifilamentary superconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Experimental data and discussion are presented on the current distribution along the length of a superconducting wire when subjected to multiple parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields. The experimental data were taken on a rectangular pancake coil with the applied magnetic field in the plane of the coil. These data indicate that significant current transfer occurs in the first and last perpendicular magnetic field sections and little transfer occurs between these two sections. The implication for superconducting magnet design will also be discussed.
A series of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with a Rigo System Chêneau (RSC) brace. Primary correction in brace improved by technical evolution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study design Retrospective unselected case series of thirty-two patients (29 females, 3 males) with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The mean age for the group was 12 ± 1.2 years, mean Risser was 0.7 ± 1.1 and mean Cobb angle was 34.1 ± 7.1 degrees. Only those patients receiving brace treatment for the first time were included, in order to minimize the influence of factors other than technical changes. They were matched to those from the previous series (n = 66, 12 ± 2.1 years, Risser 0.8 ± 1.1, Cobb angle 32.8 ± 9.4 degrees). All the patients treated during years 2005–2006 and fulfilling the following inclusion criteria were included: 1. First brace; 2. A diagnosis of AIS; 3. Age: 10– 14 years; Risser 0–3; Cobb angle > 25 degrees.
Spectroscopic analysis of autofluorescence distribution in digestive organ for unstained metabolism-based tumor detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Auto fluorescence distribution of coenzymes NADH and FAD is investigated for the unstained tumor detection using an [?] originally designed confocal spectroscope. The tumor region in digestive organ can be determined by evaluating the redox index which is defined as the raio of NADH and FAD concentration. However, the redox index is largely influenced by the presence of collagen in the submucosal layer because its auto fluorescence spectrum overlaps considerably with that of NADH. Therefore, it is necessary to know in advance the distribution of NADH, FAD, and collagen in the mucosal layer. The purpose of our study is to investigate the vertical distribution of the redox index in tissue using depth-sensitive auto fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental procedure and the results are presented.
Experimental Observations on the Antimycobacterial Activity of Rifampin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryExperimental studies in vitro and in vivo indicated that rifampin is highly active against both isoniazid-susceptible and isoniazid-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Although less active in vivo than isoniazid, at least in the dosages employed, it was highly active in combination with streptomycin, isoniazid, or ethambutol, or in combination with both streptomycin and isoniazid, against experimental tuberculosis in mice produced by intravenous challenge with the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis. Emergence of microbial resistance to rifampin was not observed during a 3-week course of treatment nor during a 3-week followup period after cessation of therapy. Antagonism, moreover, between rifampin and streptomycin, isoniazid, or ethambutol was not observed.
Effectiveness of a novel compound microbial agent for water quality and the gut microbiota of Micropterus salmoides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cultivation of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), a species of significant economic value in aquaculture, has experienced notable growth recently. However, the deterioration of water quality seriously affects the metabolic responses of M. salmoides . While compound microbial agent (CMA) is widely utilized for ecological rehabilitation and water filtration, its application in M. salmoides has not been reported. Here, based on physio-biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, we investigated the effects of CMA (yeast, Bacillus subtilis , and lactic acid bacteria) on the water quality within the recirculating aquaculture system, along with physiological indices and gut microbiota of M. salmoides . Compared to the control and single microbial agent (yeast), CMA treatment improved the water quality by improving the dissolved oxygen and delaying the increase of pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite. The 16s rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the water treated with CMA exhibited elevated levels of chao1, Shannon, Pd, and a larger population of dominant bacterial. Besides, higher values of ACE, chao1, Shannon, and OTU level, and lower Simpson index were found in CMA treated M. salmoides samples, suggesting that CMA treatment enhanced the species richness and diversity of gut microbiota of M. salmoides . Furthermore, CMA treatment hindered the generation and proliferation of harmful bacteria, such as the Mycoplasma mobile 163K species and the Erysipelotrichaceae family, which was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity and decreased MDA level in both the serum and liver. These findings shed light on the essential roles of CMA in M. salmoides culturing and introduce an innovative approach to enhance the aquatic environment.
Control of anticoagulant therapy: Postal comparison between five centres

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laboratory techniques used in the control of oral anticoagulant therapy were compared at five centres. The methods studied were: ( a ) prothrombin-proconvertin (`P and P') technique with the centres using their own reagents. This resulted in major discrepancies between the centres. ( b ) P and P technique with all the centres using centrally supplied reagents. The discrepancies noted under ( a ) disappeared when ( b ) was employed. ( c ) Thrombotest: the centres used the same batch of reagent and the specimens were transmitted in glass or polystyrene containers. The centres obtained closely comparable results, whether transportation was in glass or polystyrene. ( d ) Onestage `prothrombin' time with all the centres using the same reagents. When the results were read from a dilution curve there were discrepancies between the centres. For comparability of results between centres using anticoagulant therapy, centrally supplied P and P reagents or Thrombotest should be used. Since only the latter was commercially available as a centrally standardized reagent at the initiation of this trial, it emerged as the method of practical choice at the time.
Methods and devices of non-destructive solvent diffusion coefficient control in products made from capillary-porous materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Development of methods and devices for non-destructive products testing in various industries is an actual task. In this article impulse methods are considered from the perspective of a single methodological approach. That makes it possible to realize non-destructive control of the diffusion coefficients for polar solvents in thin-sheet and massive products made from isotropic and anisotropic capillary-porous materials. During the investigation, flat areas of the products surfaces are used to place measuring devices on them. With the help of measuring devices, the impulse action of a given configuration is performed and the response to this effect is registered. Measuring devices design of the developed methods is also considered. Devices are made in the form of autonomous arrangements equipped with a point or linear sources of diffusant dose and with electrochemical converter electrodes for measuring diffusant concentration in the solid phase. The statistical processing of the experimental data and their comparison with the results obtained from the known methods indicate the operability of the proposed methods and devices.
Impact of overestimated ENSO variability in the relationship between ENSO and East Asian summer rainfall

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the preceding winter are an important predictor used to forecast the subsequent East Asian summer rainfall (EASR). This study investigates the relationship between the preceding winter ENSO and the EASR in coupled general circulation models, by analyzing the simulated results of 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 models. It is found that more than half of these models can approximately reproduce the ENSO's delayed impact on the EASR, and five models can capture the significant ENSO–EASR relationship. All of these five models overestimate the intensity of the ENSO variability, and they are almost the models that most seriously overestimate the ENSO variability, strongly suggesting that overestimated ENSO variability can help coupled models reproduce the relationship between the ENSO and EASR. Further analyses indicate that all of the five “best” models also overestimate the intensity of tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability, and they simulate the strongest intensity of Indian Ocean SST variability among the 18 models.
[Juvenile proximal femoral epiphysiolysis--review of the problems and results of surgical therapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors describe the aetiology and different types of a serious affection of the hip joint which occurs during adolescence--juvenile proximal femoral epiphysiolysis. They describe surgical methods used in non-dislocated and dislocated conditions of this affection of the adolescent hip joint. In the course of ten years at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Training a total of 88 epiphysiodeses and stabilizations of the proximal femoral epiphysis were performed, 32 osteotomies at the level of the trochanter minor according to Southwick's method, two osteotomies by Imhäuser-Weber's method and in 42 patients the epiphysiolysis was treated by subcapital osteotomy by Dunn's method. The authors emphasize accurate and early diagnosis of the disease and selection of correct surgical tactics. Adjustment of the anatomical conditions in the hip joint with restoration of articular congruence creates perspectives of its optimal function.
[Epidemiologic study of factors associated with hypospadias].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From August 60 to December 90, 103 male newborns with hypospadias were diagnosed among 124 588 consecutive newborns examined (8.3 per 10,000). Mortality among them was 1.94%. The annual incidence rate increased significantly over the study period (p < 0.001. Hypospadias was an isolated finding in 92% of cases, and its was associated to other non genital malformation in 8.7%. Location of hypospadias was distal in 73% and proximal in 15.5%. There was no seasonal variation in the incidence rate. Weight of affected individuals did not differ from that of controls. Older age of parents among affected individuals was not statistically significant.
A multicenter phase II trial of losoxantrone (DuP-941) in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our purpose in this study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of losoxantrone (DuP-941), an anthrapyrazole, in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer progressing on androgen ablation therapy without demonstrable antiandrogen withdrawal response were treated with losoxantrone 50 mg/m2 i.v. bolus every 21 days. All of the patients had elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) before study entry and had no prior chemotherapy. Forty-three assessable patients were entered. The median age was 70.6 years (range, 53.9-85.9), median Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), 70% (50-90%), and the median serum PSA, 173 microg/liter (12.5-11,140). The median number of courses was 4 (1-9). Five patients (25%) had a partial response as defined by >50% decline in the serum PSA. Two of nine patients with measurable disease had partial responses and three had minor responses. Thirty percent of patients had improvement in KPS and 37% had an improvement in symptoms with decrease in pain and/or decrease in analgesic requirement. Nonhematological grade 3 and 4 toxicities were one each of grade 3 headache, grade 4 hypocalcemia, grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia, and grade 3 dyspnea. Twenty-six patients (60%) had grade 3 or 4 absolute neutropenia. In conclusion, losoxantrone demonstrated a partial biochemical response rate of 25%, response in measurable disease sites in 22%, and improvement in clinical symptoms in one-third of patients. In this study, PSA increase was not necessarily associated with lack of palliative response.
A regression Monte-Carlo method for Backward Doubly Stochastic Differential Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper extends the idea of E.Gobet, J.P.Lemor and X.Warin from the setting of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations to that of Backward Doubly Stochastic Differential equations. We propose some numerical approximation scheme of these equations introduced by E.Pardoux and S.Peng.
Medicine over there

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Can any good thing come out of Indochina except half a million Americans on their way home? Ironically, yes: advances in medical knowledge and, for those physicians who have spent time there, a world of experience they could never have gained at home. This paradox is brought out in two fine new books1,2by physicians who are Vietnam veterans. But though Dr. Bourne and Dr. Eccles Smith both write as medical specialists— Bourne as a psychiatrist with a team studying stress from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Eccles Smith the surgeon in charge of a civilian hospital in a battered coastal province—the scope of their reporting goes beyond the clinical. Their stories will give scant comfort to those who believe that the "battle for the hearts and minds" of the Vietnamese is being won by the government of the South and its allies, and that without peace
Relation Between the Timing of the Last Preinfarction Angina and Microvascular Reperfusion in Patients With Recanalized Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In patients with recanalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the relation between the timing of preinfarction angina (PA) and microvascular reperfusion remains unclear. A total of 186 patients (114 with anterior and 72 with inferior AMI) who had total occlusion and TIMI 3 recanalization < or = 6 hours from the onset of AMI were divided into 4 groups according to the time interval between the last episode of PA and the onset of AMI: < or = 2 hours (group A, n = 52); 2 to 48 hours (group B, n = 43), > or = 48 hours (group C, n = 33), and no PA (group D, n = 58). The angiographic myocardial blush grade, a marker of microvascular reperfusion, was retrospectively assessed immediately after recanalization. There were no differences in baseline characteristics, except for sex among the 4 groups. Myocardial blush grade 3 was more frequent (42% vs 21%, 9%, and 14%) and peak creatine kinase was lower (2659 vs 3455, 4422, and 4622 mU/mL) in group A than in groups B, C, and D (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PA occurring < or = 2 hours before AMI (OR 3.88, P < 0.05), a smaller summed ST-segment elevation before recanalization (OR 0.84, P < 0.01), earlier time to recanalization (OR 0.52, P < 0.05), and interior AMI (OR 4.87, P < 0.05) were independently associated with adequate microvascular reperfusion. We conclude that PA < or = 2 hours before the onset of AMI is independently associated with adequate microvascular reperfusion after recanalization in patients with AMI.
Signal specific electric potential sensors for operation in noisy environments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Limitations on the performance of electric potential sensors are due to saturation caused by environmental electromagnetic noise. The work described involves tailoring the response of the sensors to reject the main components of the noise, thereby enhancing both the effective dynamic range and signal to noise. We show that by using real-time analogue signal processing it is possible to detect a human heartbeat at a distance of 40 cm from the front of a subject in an unshielded laboratory. This result has significant implications both for security sensing and biometric measurements in addition to the more obvious safety related applications.
[Vitellogenic protein in a male environment in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera): attempts to obtain experimentally a normal vitellus].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An ovary, implanted in a male silkworm of the same age shows an abnormal vitellus, deprived of the principal vitello-protein. The amino-acid retention due to the removal of sericiglands does not lead to a normal vitellogenesis. On the contrary, the injection of an eggs extract allows the formation of eggs with a normal vitellus. Without this process, in male hemolymph, the vitello-protein did not reach the threshold necessary to be absorbed by the ovary.
Electro-optical properties of spray deposited fluorine doped tin oxide thin films for solar cell applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pure and Fluorine doped 1.8 µm thicknesses tin oxide thin film has been prepared from SnCl2 precursor by Spray pyrolysis technique. The structural, optical and electrical studies were carried out for the prepared thin film by XRD, UV-Vis NIR and Four Probe methods. The sheet resistance of the thin film was found to a minimum of 1.0 Ω for 15 wt. % of NH4F but increased thereafter. In the Present Study The minimum sheet resistance observed is the lowest among the reported values for SnO2:F films. The Optical transmittance was found to74 % at 750 nm which is increases with the increase in fluorine concentration.