jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Factor in Heat-Treated Mulberry Leaves That Inhibits Metamorphosis in Bombyx mori : Effects on Development of Last Instar Larvae and Pupae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When leaves of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L., were dried at high temperature (615°C), a diet containing those leaves (HT diet) caused 5th instar larvae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae) to become permanent larvae. These larvae attained a large body size and developed huge silkglands. Their failure to spin cocoons may be related partly to the whitening and hardening of the middle silkglands. Normal development and pupation occurred when larvae were reared on a standard diet containing low-temperature (100°C) treated leaves (LT diet). When larvae kept on the HT diet for several days were transferred to the LT diet, some formed large cocoons and pupated and others failed to do so and diet at different stages of the larval-pupal transformation proces. Pupae obtained from larvae kept longer on the HT diet during the 5th instar took longer ot emerge as adults and produced fewer adults. It is thus likely that the HT diet contained some factor inhibiting metamorphosis in B. mori. Rearing on mixtures of the two diets indicated that the factor appeared to influence growth and development of 5th instars in a dose-dependent manner.
Green credit policy and the cost of equity: evidence from China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the impact of green credit policy on the cost of equity for firms by focusing on the 2012 Green Credit Guidelines (GCG2012) in China. Employing a standard difference-in-differences (DID) method and utilizing panel data from 2009 to 2018, we document that the implementation of GCG2012 leads to a higher cost of equity for treated firms identified as 'two high and one surplus'. Additional analysis confirms the robustness of the finding. This paper adds to the literature by offering micro-level evidence on the implications of green credit policy on firm financing.
Surface coatings on dental cementum incident to periodontal disease

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Root surfaces, exposed by periodontal disease, were studied after treatment with sodium hypochlorite. Observations of the anorganic specimens demonstrated that substantial changes occur in root surfaces incident to periodontal disease. A mineralized surface coating was seen in all areas of the involved root surface, although local regions occurred where the coating was apparently unmineralized. These findings generally confirmed the results of a previous study where the same specimens were studied without hypochlorite treatment. It is concluded that the coating is probably identical to the dental cuticle, and stems from adsorption of components of the gingival inflammatory exudate to the root surface. The coating may also be the carrier matrix for exogenous cytotoxic substances, previously thought to be located in the cementum. The findings may have implications for the way of treating periodontitis‐involved root surfaces.
Machine learning for balanced and imbalanced data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, a kernel based online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) methods, OS-ELM with kernels (OS-ELMK) for non-stationary time series prediction is proposed. However, OS-ELMK has not been applied to classification problems and it is not clear which OS-ELM based method is more effective as a classifier. In this project, OS-ELM is extended to classification problems with relatively balanced datasets and compared with other OS-ELM methods. It is the first kernel-based OS-ELM classifier which can learn in both chunk-by-chunk and one-by-one modes. Guidelines for selecting appropriate OS-ELM classifier for different applications are also provided. Moreover, by combining OS-ELMK’s implicit feature mapping and a cost sensitive weighting scheme from weighted OS-ELM (WOS-ELM), a new kernel based online sequential method is proposed for imbalanced data classification. The new method is referred to as weighted OS-ELM with kernels (WOS-ELMK). The performance of WOS-ELMK is evaluated on benchmark imbalanced datasets and compared with a recently proposed voting based WOS-ELM (VWOS-ELM) method.
Circadian Regulation of Bioluminescence in the Prey-Luring Glowworm, Arachnocampa flava

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The glowworms of New Zealand and Australia are bioluminescent fly larvae that generate light to attract prey into their webs. Some species inhabit the constant darkness of caves as well as the dim, natural photophase of rain-forests. Given the diversity of light regimens experienced by glowworms in their natural environment, true circadian rhythmicity of light output could be present. Consequently the light emission characteristics of the Australian subtropical species Arachnocampa flava, both in their natural rainforest habitat and in artificial conditions in the laboratory, were established. Larvae were taken from rainforest and kept alive in individual containers. When placed in constant darkness (DD) in the laboratory they maintained free-running, cyclical light output for at least 28 days, indicating that light output is regulated by an endogenous rhythm. The characteristics of the light emission changed in DD: individuals showed an increase in the time spent glowing per day and a reduction in the maximum light output. Most individuals show a free-running period greater than 24 h. Manipulation of the photophase and exposure to skeleton photoperiods showed that light acts as both a masking and an entraining agent and suggests that the underlying circadian rhythm is sinusoidal in the absence of light-based masking. Manipulation of thermoperiod in DD showed that temperature cycles are an alternative entraining agent. Exposure to a period of daily feeding in DD failed to entrain the rhythm in the laboratory. The endogenous regulation of luminescence poses questions about periodicity and synchronization of bioluminescence in cave glowworms.
Transition Prediction on the Slat of a High-Lift System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a transition prediction approach for the slat of a high-lift system is presented. Accurate mean flows over a multi-element airfoil at various angles of attack have been calculated by using a Navier‐Stokes code. Linear parabolized stability equations have been used to analyze these mean flows and to generate the database for simplified transition prediction correlations. The slat transition prediction module, constituting these correlations, is then used to analyze low-disturbance wind-tunnel data for transition onset in the slat boundary layer. Good agreement is found when Ntr =9 is used as the transition criterion for the two-dimensional flow on the slat of a three-element high-lift system for a range of angle of attack. Comparison of velocity profiles from Navier‐Stokes and boundary-layer computations indicates significant departure from the assumptions associated with the first-order boundary-layer theory.
An Object-Distortion Based Image Quality Similarity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image quality assessment (IQA) aims to devise perceptual models to predict the image quality consistently with human subjective evaluation. The representative metrics focus on measuring the image quality with low-level features. In this letter, we assumed that the distortion in specific regions containing semantically significant objects would be enhanced by HVS significantly. According to this hypothesis, a novel IQA metric based on a commonly used object-detecting feature, Speed Up Robust Features (SURF), was proposed. First, it determined the interest points which represented significant objects through the SURF features both on the reference image and distorted image. Then it computed the multilevel SURF descriptors differences between the reference image and the distorted one. Finally, all the difference results were combined with a suitable pooling strategy. Comparing with other nine state-of-the-art IQA models on three biggest IQA databases, SURF-SIM demonstrated its highly competitive prediction accuracy especially on complicated applications and excellent robustness across different distortion types.
Czech Republic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The area that is today the Czech Republic was originally inhabited by Celts around the 4th century BC The Celtic Boii tribe gave the country its Latin name—Boiohaemum (Bohemia)—but was driven out by Germanic tribes. Slav tribes migrated to central Europe during the period known as the Migration of Peoples and were well established by the 6th century. The first half of the 7th century saw allied Slavonic tribes defending their territory from the Avar Empire in the Hungarian lowlands and from Frank attackers to the West.
A Dynamic Adaptive Update System of Tracking Moving Objects Based on Contour Feature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a real-time moving objects detecting algorithm based on computer vision. Contour feature is firstly extracted from the initial frame as the feature to describe object, and then the moving object in the latter frame could be tracked and located by marking the location of this feature, at the same time, the feature is dynamically adaptively updated and optimized online. The slight computation burden and robustness to the noise and illumination disturbance make the algorithm have a good real-time quality and reliability. Experimental results indicate that the system reaches the designing requirements.
Identified, sound-sensitive interneurons in the cricket : response properties, morphology, and relationships between structure and function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The responses and morphology of nine sound-sensitive interneurons are described in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Each of the neurons receives direction-specific input in the prothoracic ganglion, and each projects at least one interganglionic axon. Five of the neurons respond best to high frequencies ($>$10 kHz); four are most sensitive to low frequencies (3-10 kHz). Responsiveness to model calling songs was examined in addition to testing sensitivity to wind and light. Anatomical observations reveal that seven of the neurons receive auditory input via polysynaptic pathways, and that at least five of the neurons have morphology consistent with them providing input to mesothoracic motor neurons which are involved in behavioral responses to sound. Correlations between structure, topographic organization, and spectral sensitivity were found. The structure of one previously identified, auditory neuron was examined and found to change during late post-embryonic life. This represents a novel developmental pattern.
Elastic and vibrationally inelastic slow collisions: H + H2, H++ H2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on a comprehensive study of the scattering of hydrogen atoms on the ground electronic surface of hydrogen molecules in the range of centre of mass energies 0.1-100 eV. Differential and integral elastic cross sections, the related transport cross sections, and vibrationally inelastic cross sections starting from both ground and excited vibrational states, are calculated using a fully quantal, coupled-channel approach in a truncated vibrational basis set, while the rotational dynamics of H2 is treated with the infinite order sudden approximation prescription. For comparison and to highlight the major physical mechanisms revealed in these collisions, a parallel study is carried out for scattering of protons on hydrogen molecules.
Flavius Josephus. Translation and Commentary. Volume 1B. Judean War 2. Translation and Commentary by Steve Manson with Honora Chapman, Leiden – Boston, Brill, 2008

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Grappe Christian. Flavius Josephus. Translation and Commentary. Volume 1B. Judean War 2. Translation and Commentary by Steve Manson with Honora Chapman, Leiden – Boston, Brill, 2008. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 90e année n°3, Juillet-Septembre 2010. p. 404.
Respiratory muscle strength in asthmatic children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Respiratory muscle weakness can lead to increased work of breathing, which can cause dyspnoea, however, it can also result in ineffective expectoration. Respiratory muscle strength (RMS) test is not commonly included in initial assessment of asthmatic children in the Czech Republic.

Aim

To assess RMS in children with mild intermittent asthma and to evaluate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) on RMS.

Methods

167 asthmatic children (11.8±3.0 years, FEV1 97.3±16.8 %) attended 4-week PRP (education, exercise programme, nutrition support) during spa treatment and underwent lung function tests and assessment of maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) mouth pressures pre and post PRP.

Results

Not all asthmatics initially reached PImax and PEmax values above 80 % of predicted, PEmax was lower in 47 % of girls and in 35.7 % of boys, PImax in 41 % of girls and 33.3 % of boys. After PRP there was a significant improvement of RMS in almost all children, although better improvement was achieved in children with initially decreased RMS (table 1).

View this table:

Table 1. RMS in asthmatics (83 girls; 84 boys)

Conclusion

According to our results it is important to assess RMS in mild asthmatic children and in case that RMS is decreased the targeted therapy is necessary for its improvement.

The study was supported by a project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0004.
Recovery of ultrafine iron values from tailing pond of iron ore washing plants

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most of the Iron ore washing plants set up in India in the earlier days consist of sizing of the ore by dry / wet screening, washing and classification by screw classifiers. In this classical approach, iron values were lost in the form of fines and utrafines into the tailing ponds as they had little commercial value in those days and accumulated in huge quantities over the years. As the high grade deposits are getting exhausted and the demand for high grade finer material for pellet making is ever increasing, focus is shifting towards recovering the values from the erstwhile tailing ponds by column flotation. This is also supposed to mitigate to certain extent the environmental problems caused by the ever expanding and unmanageable tailing dams.

A case study is presented wherein a composite sample is prepared from samples drawn systematically from multi - locations in a sprawling tailing dam. Laboratory scale column flotation tests on this composite tailings sample, basically originating from two operating iron ore beneficiation plants of JSW Steel Ltd., one of the leading producers of steel in India, are found to be encouraging. De-sliming followed by reverse and cationic flotation tests using flotation column resulted in the concentrate of 61.88% Fe, 4.81% SiO2, 2.52% Al2O3 and 3.30% loss on ignition (LOI) from the tailings analysing 57.86% Fe, 7.10% SiO2, 3.52% Al2O3 and 6.14% LOI with 52% weight recovery. The causes for the quality improvement could be attributed to de-sliming of unliberated ultra fines of kaoline and hydrated iron oxides and their further reduction by efficient flotation process. The process and the cationic collector developed for this purpose are adopted in the new flotation plant created to treat these tailings.
A Preliminary X-ray Study of Murine Tnfaip8/Oxi-α

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tnfaip8/oxidative stress regulated gene-α (Oxi-α) is a novel protein expressed specifically in brain dopaminergic neurons and its over-expression has been reported to protect dopaminergic cells against OS-induced cell death. In this study, murine C165S mutant Tnfaip8/Oxi-α has been crystallized and X-ray data have been collected to 1.8 Å using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to the primitive orthorhombic space group P21212, with unit-cell parameters a = 66.9, b = 72.3, c = 93.5 Å. A full structural determination is under way in order to provide insights into the structure-function relationships of this protein.
Effect of dietary inclusion of rice-distillers dried grains with solubles on performance and nutrient retention in laying chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Raju, M.V.L.N., Rama Rao, S.V., Prakash, B., Paul, S.S. and Kannan, A. 2023. Effect of dietary inclusion of rice-distillers dried grains with solubles on performance and nutrient retention in laying chickens. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 23: 1–12.
Seasonal and diurnal rhythms of thyroidal status in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The concentrations of thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) in the blood plasma of rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri Richardson) at intervals throughout the year have been measured by a chemically specific gas‐liquid chromatographic (GLC) method. Mean hormone levels showed a seasonal variation, maximal levels of both hormones occurring in winter and minimal concentrations in mid summer. An apparent secondary maximum in mean T 4 and T 3 concentrations was observed in spring. (T 4 )/(T 3 ) ratios have been found to be highest in winter and lowest in summer. A radioimmunoassay procedure, validated by GLC analyses, revealed the presence of a diurnal rhythm in serum T 4 levels of trout sampled in September and in April.
Established Rice Ratoon for Improving Cropping Intensity and Income

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Transplanted aman rice suffers from frequent flash flood damage in northern Bangladesh and thus grain yield decreases. An experiment was conducted at the RDRS Farm, Rangpur, Bangladesh to evaluate production opportunity and income generation from growing ratoon rice in between boro and aman seasons during May to July in fallow land as additional harvests. Ratoon seedlings of ACI-2 boro hybrid rice was transplanted and tested against the performance of conventional transplanted BR11 and BRRI dhan46. BR11 gave higher grain yield and profit than ratoon cropping. However, ratoon crop required only 75-80 days for maturity. Thus, it would be possible to incorporate rice ratoon cropping in fallow lands immediately after harvest of boro rice in April- May as additional crop. After harvests of the ratoon rice, farmers can grow traditional aman varieties as conventional practice. If ratoon of ACI-2 (hereafter ratoon rice)-BRRI dhan46 cropping system is practiced then total grain yield from the system was 8.42 t ha-1, which was almost double than conventional BR11 or BRRI dhan46 cultivation. Total net income of boro and ratoon rice-BRRI dhan46 system was also higher (Tk 55,090 ha-1) compared to traditional BR11 aman rice cultivation (Tk 35,802 ha-1). The overall result indicated that just immediate after boro rice harvests, growing rice from ratoon seedlings of ACI-2 followed by BRRI dhan46 in aman season provided higher net profit than traditional cultivation of BR11. The result also implies that growing rice by using ratoon seedlings can ensure three harvests (boro rice-ratoon rice-aman rice) in the same year instead of growing two traditional rice (boro rice-aman rice) crops in a year with additional net profit of Tk 19,288 ha-1 year-1. Moreover, use of rice ratoon seedlings might help farmers in intensification of crop in flash flood prone areas of the country. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2021) 25 (1) : 33-41
Stem Cells: An Emerging Field for Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The concept of a stem cell as a progenitor cell from which all specialised cells are derived has been in existence for some 150 years. During the latter decades of the 20th century the concept became a reality, when embryonal carcinoma cells, embryonic stem cells, haematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells were all isolated and characterised. A great deal has been understood in recent years concerning the self-renewal and regulation of differentiation of stem cells. When it became clear that stem cells could be cultured in the laboratory and induced to differentiate into selected tissue-specific cells, it was quickly recognised that their therapeutic potential should be explored. It was the hope of many that tissues, injured as a result of trauma or disease, could be regenerated and their function restored. Following the amazing precedent set by bone marrow transplant it was assumed that many intractable diseases would now yield to stem cell therapy. Much effort has been made in evaluating the therapeutic utility of stem cell therapy, but for many diseases a definitive and unambiguous outcome has not yet been seen. This chapter describes the history of discovery of stem cells and the efforts that have been made to explore their use as a new medicine.
Cataract surgery in infant eyes with microphthalmos

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In their study,1 Vasavada et al. described the surgical steps and postoperative findings in infant eyes with microphthalmos in great detail. We have been operating on pediatric cases for over 10 years and have faced some of the problems mentioned by the authors. However, we would like to know a few more details. In cases in which posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) and vitrectomy were performed, was the use of intracameral vancomycin effective as an antiinfective agent since anterior chamber clearing takes place within 2 hours2 and the children were not allowed topical medication for the first 12 to 24 hours? For the immediate postoperative phase, would not subconjunctival injection be more sustained and a safer drug delivery method in pediatric cases? Intracameral vancomycin is effective in routine adult cataract cases performed under topical anesthesia since the topical medication is started within 2 hours of surgery, thus maintaining the desired anterior chamber concentration. Is it safe in pediatric cases, especially with PCCC and vitrectomy? In routine adult cataract cases, cystoid macular edema has been reported.3 How soon after the surgery were topical steroids started? There was no mention of steroids having been given as a subconjunctival injection. We have been using subconjunctival injections of antibiotic agents and steroids at the end of surgery, and we start topical medication the next morning after opening the patch and bandage. In the study, there was no mention of a peripheral iridectomy in the surgical steps and the incidence of glaucoma noted was 30.9%. Since these were small eyes with more crowding of iris in the anterior chamber angles and the eyes were left aphakic, maybe a peripheral iridectomy would have reduced the glaucoma in the postoperative phase.4,5