jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein: Risk Marker or Mediator in Atherothrombosis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammation appears to be pivotal in all phases of atherosclerosis from the fatty streak lesion to acute coronary syndromes. An important downstream marker of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP). Numerous studies have shown that CRP levels predict cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy individuals. This has resulted in a position statement recommending cutoff levels of CRP <1.0, 1.0 to 3.0, and >3.0 mg/L equating to low, average, and high risk for subsequent cardiovascular disease. More interestingly, much in vitro data have now emerged in support of a role for CRP in atherogenesis. To date, studies largely in endothelial cells, but also in monocyte-macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, support a role for CRP in atherogenesis. The proinflammatory, proatherogenic effects of CRP that have been documented in endothelial cells include the following: decreased nitric oxide and prostacyclin and increased endothelin-1, cell adhesion molecules, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8, and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In monocyte-macrophages, CRP induces tissue factor secretion, increases reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine release, promotes monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion, and increases oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake. Also, CRP has been shown in vascular smooth muscle cells to increase inducible nitric oxide production, increase NFκb and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities, and, most importantly, upregulate angiotensin type-1 receptor resulting in increased reactive oxygen species and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Future studies should be directed at delineating the molecular mechanisms for these important in vitro observations. Also, studies should be directed at confirming these findings in animal models and other systems as proof of concept. In conclusion, CRP is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease and, based on future studies, could emerge as a mediator in atherogenesis.
Long‐term effects of a lifestyle modification program for men with obesity delivered in German football clubs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary This study examined the long‐term effects of a lifestyle modification program delivered at German Bundesliga football clubs. Weekly 90‐minute group sessions over 12 weeks combined health education and physical activity and were delivered by coaches affiliated with the football clubs. A total of 371 men (mean age 49.7 years [SD = 7.6]) attended 41 classes at 19 clubs in 2017 and 2018 and participated in the long‐term follow‐up. Primary outcome was weight‐loss at follow‐up with a mean observation period of 20.4 months after baseline. Measures were taken partly by research staff and partly by participants themselves. At baseline, the men had a mean weight of 111.3 kg (SD = 16.9). Three months after baseline (posttest), the men had lost a mean of 6.3 kg (95% CI: 5.7–6.9). From posttest to follow‐up, growth curve model showed men lost an average of 0.8 kg (95% CI: 0.2–1.4). Weight regain from posttest to follow‐up of at least 3% was observed in 75 participants (20.2%) and was associated with less improvement in vegetable consumption in an adjusted logistic regression model. The data suggest that participation in a male‐only lifestyle modification program offered by German football clubs may lead to sustained weight loss, but lack of a randomized control group and drop‐outs prevent generalization of the results.
A new cluster-brood building species of Plebeia (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from eastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Plebeia, the second largest genus of stingless bees in the Neotropical region, is described from eastern Brazil. Plebeia grapiuna sp. nov., known only from the lowland forests of southern Bahia, is most similar to P. lucii Moure, a species recently described from Minas Gerais. The lack of yellow marks and the smoother integument of the frons and mesoscutum in P. grapiuna sp. nov. distinguish them. Main features of the nesting habits of the new species are described and illustrated.
Uma nova espécie de Plebeia, o segundo maior gênero de meliponíneos na região Neotropical, é descrita do leste do Brasil. Plebeia grapiuna sp. nov., conhecida apenas das florestas de terras baixas do sul da Bahia, é semelhante a P. lucii Moure, uma espécie recentemente descrita de Minas Gerais. A ausência de manchas amarelas e o integumento menos rugoso da fronte e do mesoscuto em P. grapiuna sp. nov. distinguem as duas espécies. Características principais do hábito de nidificação da nova espécie são descritas e ilustradas.
Intratumor distribution of 1p deletions in human colorectal adenocarcinoma is Commonly homogeneous

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Cytogenetics and molecular biology studies have indicated that a large subset of human colorectal adenocarcinomas have distal 1p chromosome arm deletions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intratumor distribution of 1p deletions under the assumption that homogeneity is an indication of early occurrence. METHODS Seventy-nine histologically selected primary sectors (40 superficial and 39 deep) and 3 lymph node metastases obtained from 20 human sporadic adenocarcinomas were analyzed. Interphase two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to cytocentrifuged nuclei using a centromeric probe for chromosome 1 and a telomeric probe mapping to the 1p36 band. RESULTS Deletions at 1p were observed in 35 of 82 tumor samples corresponding to 9 of 20 adenocarcinomas analyzed (45%). Seven of the 9 adenocarcinomas with 1p deletions showed an intratumor presence of these aberrations in all the different tumor sectors. CONCLUSIONS These data, acquired by FISH interphase cytogenetics, confirm that 1p deletions in colorectal adenocarcinoma are common and suggest that this structural chromosomal aberration occurs mainly as an early event in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer 1998;83:415-422. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Kansei Analysis of Pattern Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Patterns are exhibited via different media in our daily life. People can see patterns from clothes, bags, wallpapers and even the facade of architectures. Pattern design can beautify and characterize the products. Some patterns have become the representation of a brand, such as the checkered patterns on the products of Burberry. Designers create patterns by using units along with grid or frame systems. Hence, patterns can vary in thousands of visual forms and convey various images. People tend to evoke different emotions while perceiving different style of patterns. The main purpose of this study was set to figure out the relationships between pattern design and people’s Kansei evaluation. Kansei analysis was used in the study. A construction framework for patterns generation was defined and then, the test samples were created. 30 subjects were asked to estimate the 81 pattern samples with 6 Kansei adjectives which were picked out via KJ method. The 6 phrases are glorious, natural, classical, modest, rhythmic and joyful. 9- level Likert scale was adopted to record the evaluation. Then, the data were analyzed by Quantification Theory Type I. The results included a formula for pattern design to designers. Designers can follow the rules to create new patterns. We hope they can help designers to create patterns more effectively in products or graphic design. And consumers can also grasp the features of the products via the pattern style exhibited on the packaging easier.
Trends for the Future of Education Programs for Professional Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scientific and technological developments bring new requirements for university education and, particularly, the training of education professionals. There is a regular need to update curricula to integrate market trends and educational approaches. It is necessary to know future trends in education and teaching programs. Our research in a higher education institution in Ecuador focused on providing perspectives on the future of educational programs by analyzing trends in educational programs’ designs, students and professors’ needs for innovative education. We used the descriptive/exploratory case study method, employing quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, focus groups and benchmarking as instruments. The surveys were applied to 337 current students, 384 potential students and 313 graduates of Educational Sciences. We conducted interviews with 20 experts from Mexico, Spain, Colombia and Ecuador. We held focus groups with 32 education professionals, including rectors, principals, educational specialists and primary, secondary and university teachers. Benchmarking was used in our analysis of ten universities. The results focused on five elements that were units of analysis (1) characteristics of education programs, (2) student requirements, (3) required educational modalities, (4) trends in education and (5) future of education programs. The data and results may be of interest to decision-makers, academicians, researchers, students and citizens interested in professional education and other disciplinary areas.
Perspectives on multilingualism and multilingual literacies from early childhood educators in Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The pedagogies of multiliteracies and translanguaging (García et al., 2017) call for multiliteracies, but early childhood educators are often ensure of how to develop practices in one, let alone multiple languages. The development of literacy skills is often reduced to the isolated training of phonological awareness or the letters of the alphabet. By contrast, storytelling is a holistic approach which contributes to the development of language and literacy skills (Sénéchal & Lefevre, 2001). It can promote multilingualism if multilingual speakers are involved (Kirsch, 2018). This presentation reports on the perspectives on multiliteracies of educators in crèches in multilingual Luxembourg, where 63.7% of the 4-year-olds do not speak Luxembourgish at home. Multilingual education became mandatory in 2017, requesting educators to develop Luxembourgish, promote French and value home languages. The mix-method project Collaboration with parents and Multiliteracy in early Childhood Education aims to develop literacy practices in multiple languages and with multiple actors (parents, educators) through professional development in crèches. In this paper we report the findings of interviews and a survey sent to 700 educators in May 2020. The latter were asked to identify literacy practices (e.g. storytelling), language-promoting strategies, and translanguaging practices. The data are analysed with thematic analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The findings will contribute to our understanding of current ideologies, pedagogies, and practices, and help identify issues and possible ways forward.
DESIGN, OPTIMISATION AND EVALUATION OF PIROXICAM FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH TARTRATE-A NEW SUPERDISINTEGRANT

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs by evaluating starch tartrate as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets by employing 23 factorial design. Methods: Starch tartrate was synthesized by gelatinization process. The physical and micromeritic properties were performed to evaluate the synthesized starch tartrate. The fast dissolving tablets of piroxicam were prepared by using starch tartrate as a superdisintegrant in different proportions by direct compression technique using 23 factorial design. The drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like percent dissolved in 5 min (PD5), dissolution efficiency in 5 min (DE5%) and first-order rate constant (K1) were used in the evaluation of prepared fast dissolving tablets. Results: The superdisintegrant starch tartrate prepared was found to be fine, free-flowing slightly crystalline powder. Starch tartrate exhibited good swelling in water. The study between piroxicam and starch tartrate was shown the absence of interaction by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug content (99.83±0.56 %), hardness (3.7–3.9 kg/sq. Cm), and friability (0.12-0.15%) have been effective with regard to all the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch tartrate. The disintegration time of all the formulated fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) was found to be in the range of 12±0. 01 to 4500±0.02s. The optimized formulation F6 has the least disintegration time i.e., 12±0. 01s. The In vitro wetting time of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 35±0.09 to 1624±0.02s. The In–Vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90s) in optimized formulation F6. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 60±0.12 to 65±0.15%. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F6 was found to be 99.32±0.09% in 10 min. Conclusion: The dissolution efficiency of piroxicam was enhanced when starch tartrate was found to be a superdisintegrant when combined with crospovidone and, hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 10 min.
Diversity of the Entomocomplex of the Grass Stand of a Hemp Field in The North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The agrobiocenosis of the grass stand of hemp field is a specific plant biotope, which is a place of shelter, feeding, resettlement, and breeding for many insect populations, which in one way or another affecting the growth, development and yield of hemp plsnts. Taking this into consideration awareness of the species composition of phytophagous insects as well as the complex of their natural enemies and neutral species became especially relevant awareness due to the necessary to develop an effective system of protection of hemp in the context of current conditions. The aim of the research is to improve the ecologically oriented system of hemp protection by means of studying the taxonomic composition of entomofauna in the grass stand, as well as the trophic and ecological structure of insect groups associated with that habitat. The studies was conducted in 2019-2021 on the basis of the Northeast Agricultural Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences out during the vegetation of plants by means of mowing with a standard entomological net every ten days, from 10.00 till 15.00 o’clock when the insects were the most active. The current taxonomic composition of entomocomplex of the grass stand in hemp field is represented by 174 species of insects that belong to 76 families and 9 orders. The Coleoptera turned out to be the largest in terms of the species diversity and the number of individuals (56 species from 16 families and 74.6% of the number of captured insects). Were also detected insects from the orders Hymenoptera (31 species from 15 families), Hemiptera (30 species from 11 families), Diptera (20 species from 12 families), Homoptera (17 species from 8 families), Lepidoptera (12 species from 8 families), Orthoptera (4 species from 3 families), Neuroptera (3 species from 2 families), Thysanoptera (one species) were also detected. In the trophic structure of the entomofauna in grass stand of hemp field, 85.9% of the number and 59.8% of the species diversity account for phytophagous insects. Pests of hemp were 39 species of insects from 22 families, and 6 orders. Among them, 36 species, which accounted for 18.7% of the total number of specimens, were polyphagous and three, or 81.3%, were specialized species. The presence of insect pests in the grass stand of hemp field was characterized by oligodominance, as evidenced by quantitative and qualitative data, and indices of species diversity. Thus, the dominance structure is represented by one eudominant (Psylliodes attenuata – 81.1%), one subdominant (Mordellistena parvula – 4.72%), four recedents (Lygus pratensis, L. rugulipennis, Lygocoris pabulinus, Stictocephala bisonia – 8.6%) and, 33 subrecedents (5.58%). The obtained research results will be used in order to solve the problems related to the danger of basic phytophagous insects during the vegetation period of cannabis sativa plants and to develop a modern environmentally-oriented strategy to control their numbers and harmfulness
Development of on-Site Applicable Immunosensor Combined with Light Microscopic Imaging System for the Detection of Salmonella in Poultry

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The common sources of Salmonella outbreak are poultry and poultry products, meat and meat products, and eggs. Despite extensive efforts to reduce Salmonella outbreaks, it is almost impossible to eliminate all the possible chances of Salmonella contamination. Thus, the best prevention strategy is to monitor and detect Salmonella using rapid, sensitive, specific, and simple detection methods. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of the on-site applicable immunosensor combined with a light microscopic imaging system (LMIS) for the detection of Salmonella in chicken. Since the selection of antibodies as a bio-recognition element is the most critical factor for the performance of the biosensor, the anti- Salmonella polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were produced and purified. The reactivity and specificity of purified anti- Salmonella pAbs were compared with those of commercial anti- Salmonella pAbs using an indirect ELISA. The gold sensor platforms were modified with dithiobis-succinimidyl propionate (DSP) to enhance the immobilization of antibodies. The schematic diagram for general preparation of immune sensor combined with LMIS is presented in Figure 1. After the optimum concentration of antibody was determined, the immobilization of the antibody was confirmed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The detection limit of the developed immunosensor was determined by applying the sensor to detect Salmonella in chicken skin. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the reactivity between the purified anti- Salmonella pAbs and commercial anti- Salmonella pAbs over the entire range of concentrations used. The purified anti- Salmonella pAbs exhibited not only excellent specificity against 11 non- Salmonella strains but also excellent reactivity towards 20 other non- Salmonella serovars. The optimal concentration of antibody for immobilization on the sensor was determined to be 100 μg/mL. The AFM images confirmed the binding of the antibody on the sensor by providing irregular and globular surface features. The detected number of Salmonella on the immunosensor was proportional to the concentrations of inoculated Salmonella numbers when the sensor was applied to chicken. The number of detected Salmonella significantly increased throughout the inoculated concentration ranges of 10 4 –10 8 cfu/chicken with a 100% positive rate ( p < 0.05). The detection limit and time of the detection method were determined to be 10 3 cfu/sensor and within 1 h, respectively. With the advantage of direct observation and enumeration of Salmonella on the immunosensor, the developed immunosensor combined with LMIS could be used to detect Salmonella in chicken as a specific, sensitive, simple, and practical detection method. Figure 1
A Simple Rule of Thumb for Election Audit Size Determination

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This note proposes a very simple “Rule of Thumb ” for determining how many precincts to audit in a postelection audit. This rule says to audit 1.0/m (1) precincts (rounded up to the next integer), where m is the “margin of victory ” (the difference in percentage of votes for the apparent winner and for the apparent runner-up). For example, if the margin of victory is 4%, then this rule of thumb suggests auditing 1.0/0.04 = 25 precincts. If the formula suggests auditing more precincts than are available, all precincts are audited. This Rule of Thumb gives a guaranteed “confidence level ” of at least 92 % when certain assumptions hold (when all precincts have the same size and the miscount within each precinct is at most 20 % of the votes in that precinct). Under these assumptions, the actual confidence level achieved ranges from 92 % to 100%. This Rule of Thumb is simple enough to be computed in one’s head; it provides reasonable guidance for “backof-the-envelope” estimates, and is useful when the simplicity of the formula is especially important. 1
Demography and development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The changing perceptions among demographers concerning their roles as social and policy scientists are discussed in order to show their involvement in development efforts in developing countries. Although demographers regard development as a concept that has not as yet been adequately defined, the current view is that the variables, development and population, are inseparable, and that the explanation of trends for one of these cannot be sought in isolation from the other. The article concludes that demographers in South Africa regard development as the predictor variable in demographic trends. They are also of the opinion that the course of demographic trends will in future have an important influence on development trends.
[Corrigendum] Overexpression of lncRNA EGFR‑AS1 is associated with a poor prognosis and promotes chemotherapy resistance in non‑small cell lung cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

After the publication of the article, the authors have realized that the affiliation presented for the joint co‑author listed on the paper (Jian‑Ren Tu) was incorrect. The correct author list (and affiliations) should therefore have been published as follows: Yu‑Hua Xu1*, Jian‑Ren Tu2*, Tian‑Tian Zhao3, Shi‑Guang Xie3 and Sheng‑Bo Tang4. 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006; 2Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029; Departments of 3Respiratory Medicine and 4Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China. *Contributed equally. The authors apologize for their oversight, and for any inconvenience that this has caused. [the original article was published in International Journal of Oncology 54: 295‑305, 2019; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4629].
Fluorescein angiography and prognostic significance in retinal vein occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM TO observe fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and prognostic significance in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS FFA was performed in 56 patients with RVO and the results were analyzed. The changes of vision in 33 patients were followed up in this series. RESULTS Prolonged retinal circulation time (RCT) was found in both central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) ( P 0.05). RCT of CRVO was significantly negatively correlated with the vision ( P 0.01). The formation of retinal capillary nonperfusion area was found in 26 cases, among whom the visual acuity in 16 cases was poorer than 4.0 and arteriolar obstruction was found in 10 cases and the follow up visual acuity of 9 of them was poorer than 4.0. Of the 56 cases, the visual acuity of 10 cases with drainage veinlet between macula and branch occlusion was better than 4.0, 5 of whom had visual acuity better than 4.5 and 7 of whom were without the formation of collateral branch. CONCLUSION In CRVO and BRVO, there are significant obstruction of the peripheral circulation, and the shorter the RCT is, the better the prognosis will be. As for the visual acuity, the prognosis in the cases with capillary nonperfusion area and arteriolar obstruction will not be so promising. The timely and effective RVO blood reflux in macula area will play an important role in visual acuity recovery.