jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The shape of the river: long-term consequences of considering race in college and university admissions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions By William G. Bowen and Derek Bok. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. Pp. xxxvi, 472. $24.95. The Shape of the River is a provocative, genuinely fascinating book. Doctors Bowen and Bok, past presidents of Princeton and Harvard, respectively, have overseen the collection and analysis of massive time-series databases on the lifetime achievements of tens of thousands of college students, and they have produced a landmark work. That the book has some rather pronounced shortcomings is not a serious deficiency because the authors have, after all, tackled some very difficult empirical problems. Knowledgeable econometricians will certainly note that the strong conclusions offered by Bowen and Bok sometimes outrun what their analyses are capable of supporting. Yet the straightforward econometric models that make up the core of the book's analytical content are creative and the outcomes are thought-provoking. This volume moves forward our understanding of the current debate about the wisdom of race-sensitive college admissions, and it will stand as a most important and influential study of affirmative action generally in the forseeable future. Amid all of the facts and figures, one conclusion stands out: The nation's most selective colleges and universities have succeeded both in increasing substantially their enrollment of minority students in recent decades and in educating sizable numbers who have already gone on to achieve considerable success (however measured). Rest assured that numerous alternative measures of success were explored. In light of all the answers provided in the Bowen-Bok study, it is useful to ask oneself repeatedly, while reading this volume, what the questions are? The authors seek to measure the consequences of race-sensitive admissions policies that the nation's most selective schools have pursued now for 30-plus years. No matter how many alums one chooses to survey, one is still left with a well-known phenomenon called selection bias. Much of this book is devoted to reporting the results of a statistical study of 1951, 1976, and 1989 matriculants at 28 highly selective colleges and universities. Some 45,000 of them responded to the survey, but I would really like to know what would have happened to those respondents, particularly the minority students, if affirmative action had never been initiated. A random assignment experiment would have been nice. Harvard, for example, could have selected 600 minority applicants for inclusion in its class of 1976, using its prevailing race-sensitive admissions policies. …
IMPACT OF MECHANICAL ACTIVATION AND MODIFICATION OF INITIAL POWDER WITH REFRACTORY NANOPARTICLES ON THE PROPERTIES OF PLASMA-SPRAYED COATINGS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of experimental study of influence of mechanical activation and modification (cladding) by ultra-fine ceramic particles of the initial metal powders with small admixtures of refractory nanoparticles on plasma sprayed coating properties are presented. There were shown the drastic changing of the structure and mechanical properties of coatings in other conditions being equal.
Frequency of suicidal ideation inventory: A reliability generalization meta-analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this reliability generalization meta-analysis were to estimate the overall reliability of the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII), a short, easily administered test developed to assess suicidal ideation and to examine possible moderating variables. A systematic search was conducted in five databases from the year of publication (2016) of the FSII until March 2024. All studies that applied the FSII and reported a Cronbach's alpha coefficient were included. Analyses were performed using a random effects model applying Bonett's transformation. Our analysis of 32 studies (k = 39) yielded an overall alpha of .91 (95% CI = .90, .92). We found that the type of administration, population, and language of the FSII moderated its reliability, which is high overall and appropriate for use in both research and clinical settings.
SEE PROFILE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1964, Marshall first described the visualisation of aureteric stone with a 9-F flexible ureteroscope.1 Subsequently, in 1971, Takagi et al.2 reported on the use of a passively deflectable flexible ureteroscope with a distal end of 6-F. In recent years, there have been major advances in the design and development of these delicate instruments, making the upper tract accessible to the endourologist. This is mainly because all commercially Flexible ureterorenoscopy: prospective analysis of the Guy’s experience
Chlorophycae diversity and its seasonal variation in the river Torsa, West Bengal, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was conducted at two sampling sites in the river Torsa for the study of Chlorophycae from March 2014 to February 2016. A total of 12 chlorophycae under the seven orders, such as Chlorococcales (with 4 species), Chlamydomonodales and Desmidiaceae (with 2 species) and Oedogoniales, Zyggnematales, Ulotrichales, and Zygnemales (with 1 species). The values of the Shannon diversity index and Margalef species richness index indicate the good quality of this river water. The seasonal values of the number of taxa and diversity indices were at their maximum in the winter season due to favourable water quality.
Slicing of silicon into sheet material. Silicon sheet growth development for the large area silicon sheet task of the Low Cost Silicon Solar Array Project. Tenth quarterly report, June 19--October 27, 1978

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The limits of blade tolerances are defined. The standard blades are T-2 thickness tolerance: T-O blades are unacceptable. Further testing is necessary to demonstrate feasibility or infeasibility of T-1 blades. Good results have been obtained by using a slurry fluid consisting of mineral oil and a lubricity additive. Cost would be about $0.25 per gallon per run, 1/4 of the cost goal. Adjustments of the formulation and fine tuning of the cutting process with the new fluid are necessary. Test results and consultation indicate that the blade breakage encountered with water based slurries is unavoidable. Two full capacity (974 wafer) runs have been made on the large prototype saw. Both runs resulted in extremely low yield, however, the reasons for the low yields were lack of proper technique rather than problems with machine function. Finally, the tests on the effect of amount of material etched off of an as-sawn wafer on solar cell efficiency have been completed. The results agree with previous work at JPL in that the minimum material removed per side that gives maximum efficiency is on the order of 10 ..mu..m.
A Generic Document Retrieval Framework Based on UMLS Similarity for Biomedical Question Answering System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biomedical document retrieval systems play a vital role in biomedical question answering systems. The performance of the latter depends directly on the performance of its biomedical document retrieval section. Indeed, the main goal of biomedical document retrieval is to find a set of citations that have high probability to contain the answers. In this paper, we propose a biomedical document retrieval framework to retrieve the relevant documents for the biomedical questions (queries) from the users. In our framework, we first use GoPubMed search engine to find the top-K results. Then, we re-rank the top-K results by computing the semantic similarity between questions and the title of each document using UMLS similarity. Our proposed framework is evaluated on the BioASQ 2014 task datasets. The experimental results show that our proposed framework has the best performance (MAP@100) compared to the existing state-of-the-art related document retrieval systems.
Synthesis of (±)‐ cis ‐1‐Aryl‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐benzo[ f ]chromene‐2‐carbonitriles and (±)‐ trans ‐4‐Aryl‐2‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ‐benzo[ h ]chromene‐3‐carbonitriles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The unexpected stereospecific synthesis of (±)‐ cis ‐1‐aryl‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐benzo[ f ]chromene‐2‐carbonitriles ( 2 ) and (±)‐ trans ‐4‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ‐benzo[ h ]chromene‐3‐carbonitriles ( 4 ) from (±)‐3‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1 H ‐benzo[ f ]chromene‐2‐carbonitriles ( 1 ) and (±)‐2‐amino‐4‐aryl‐4 H ‐benzo[ h ]chromene‐3‐carbonitriles ( 3 ), respectively, by reacting them in formic acid (88%), at reflux, is reported. A DFT analysis has been applied with success to justify these highly stereospecific reactions.
Reconstructing Critical Legal Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is an increasingly propitious moment to build another radical theory of law, after decades of relative quiescence in law schools since the last such opportunity. This Essay offers a reinterpretation of the legacy of critical theories of law, arguing that they afford useful starting points for any radical approach, rather than merely cautionary tales of how not to proceed. This Essay revisits the critical legal studies movement and imagines its reconstruction. Critical legal studies extended the social theory of law pioneered by legal realism and framed law as a forceful instrument of domination. However, critical legal studies also recognized that such a theory of law is compatible with both functional and interpretative underdeterminacy. Legal order oppresses, and the way it does so is never accidental or random--in other words, law is often determinate enough that it routinely serves oppression. Yet at the same time, law regularly accommodates alternative pathways of control and contestation through processes of interpretation of elusive or vague legal meaning by courts and other institutions. This Essay concludes by showing that the parameters of a radical social theory of law--parameters we should reclaim critical legal studies for helping establish--apply to current or future attempts to build any successor, taking account of critical race theory, feminist legal thought, and most especially the emergent law-and-political economy movement. The law-and-political-economy movement is the most prominent leftist or at least progressive movement in law schools today, but critical legal studies challenges it to better identify its core principles. Had critical legal studies never existed, it would have to be invented today.
Analisis Yuridis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Jual Belionline di Indonesia dan Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of the Internet led to the formation of the market buying and selling. The practice of buying and selling online is known as e-commerce. E- commerce (electronic commerce), a separate business mechanism that he was still whole corn. And the location of its merits is for the first time all people on earth have the same chance and opportunity to be able to do business with people all over the world. Methodology used in this research is the normative legal research -based comparative law. The data used in this study is a secondary data obtained from literature (library research). Once all the data is collected, then processed and analyzed to find the legal issues that are the object of study and conclude , then described descriptively. The results showed that Indonesia and Malaysia have had legislation setting a good enough in regulating the buying and selling online. Indonesia and Malaysia have similarities and differences within its authority, namely the recognition of online transactions, electronic signatures, the area prevailing law, the legitimate requirements of online transactions, consumer rights, and protection of personal data and privacy.
Aggressive Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . We present the case of a 35-year-old gentleman who presented with an aggressive cardiomyopathy with normal coronary arteries. He was later diagnosed with systemic lupus-related cardiomyopathy. Methods . We undertook an extensive review of the literature regarding cardiac manifestations of lupus and used over 100 journals to identify the key points in pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Results . We have shown that cardiac lupus can be rapidly progressive and, unless treated early, can have severe consequences. The predominant pathologies are immune complex and accelerated atherosclerosis drive. Treatment comprised of high-level immunosuppression.
Role of hypoxia in anticancer drug-induced cytotoxicity for Ehrlich ascites cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A review of the literature on the effect of hypoxia on in vitro drug sensitivity had suggested that there was consistently more cytotoxicity under hypoxic conditions for the drugs misonidazole and mitomycin C while there was much conflicting data for the drugs Adriamycin and bleomycin. We have examined the effect of oxygen on the cellular response of Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells to the drugs mitomycin C, misonidazole, Adriamycin, and bleomycin. Significant differences were observed when we compared the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C and misonidazole as a function of oxygen concentration. For the drugs Adriamycin and bleomycin no differential effects of oxygen were noted for a 1-h drug exposure with hypoxia while some differences were noted only for bleomycin for an 8-h drug exposure time. Because differences dependent on oxygen concentration were observed for some drugs but not others at the same experimental conditions, and as indicated by a review of the literature, it is suggested that some of the conflicting data in the literature with respect to some of these drugs may be cell-line dependent. Other variables which may also be of importance were the duration of drug exposure time in hypoxia and cell density. The observed oxygen concentration-dependent changes in cell survival for the Ehrlich cells with drugs examined could not be explained on the basis of changes in drug-induced cellular oxygen consumption.
[Complete process of implantation of a nutritional risk screening system in the University Hospital La Paz, Madrid].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The implementation of this nutritional screening method has led to a change in the "nutritional" culture of our centre respect to DRM in most of our professionals: doctors and nurses and even in the management team, so all of them understand the importance of the process and know about the available tools and knowledge to indicate an adequate and early nutritional support.
Regimes of (In)visibility and Peripheral Vision

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on three ethnographic research experiences, this text begins by recognising the importance of the image and visual communication in the contemporary world to critically examine various interconnections between image and power in the digital era. Visual culture is the field in which meanings, values and symbols are queried, and where we find regimes of hypervisuality and effacement that play a defining role in establishing order and social exclusion. By organising photographic and video workshops attended by young, marginalised participants, and applying a collaborative methodology for documentary production, we have been able to develop creative strategies to question the meaning and contents of the hegemonic media.
Pupal Taxonomy of the Tree-Hole Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Eastern North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pupal anatomy and taxonomy of 14 tree-hole Culicoides species were examined. Those species not previously described include Culicoides beckae, C. hinmani, C. lahillei, C. oklahomensis, C. ousairani, and C. paraensis. Two pupal forms of C. paraensis can be distinguished by the number of spines on the operculum. Two other species, C. flukei and C. villosipennis, were only partially described in previous literature.
Identification of Feather Fragments by Microstudies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Not much work has been done on identification of feather fragments because of a deficiency in methods and a lack of trained persons. One individual, trained in these techniques, was tested intensively to determine the accuracy of his identifications. Besides identifying archaeological feather fragments, he also identified small fragments from artifacts (such as cotton socks), which is one example of the usefulness of this technique.
Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Tlogo Ploso dan Potensi Pertanian Tembakau di Kalurahan Giritirto, Kapanewon Purwosari, Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Giritirto Village is a region that has many potentials especially in natural resources. One of the potentials from Giritirto Village is Tlogo Ploso with its various benefits. Besides as an irrigation sources, Tlogo Ploso has many potentials to develop. Another potential from Giritirto Village is their plantation products, especially tobacco plantations. Tobacco becomes one of the sources that can increase the public’s economy because it can be processed into several products. Besides being able to processed into cigarette, tobacco can also be processed into natural pepticides. It is expected that an exploration through literature study can be done in Giritirto potentials from the Tlogo Ploso and also creating alternatives for making products from tobacco as an raw material for making natural pepticide, so that can increase the quality of selling value and also ensure the economic condition of the people at the Giritirto Village so their economic condition can be better.
Review: Passion and Pathology in Victorian Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Review: Passion and Pathology in Victorian Fiction Get access Elisabeth Jay, Reviewed by Elisabeth Jay, Reviewed by Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume 53, Issue 212, November 2002, Pages 572–573, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/53.212.572 Published: 01 November 2002
The message is the medium

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An innovative design for an interactive paint program has been developed based on multiple processes and message passing. Traditional paint programs combine interrupt-driven support of a graphical input device, such as a mouse or tablet, with the coloring of pixels in a raster display. We advocate a different design methodology which is illustrated in our implementation. The multiple processes and message passing primitives provided by some real-time operating systems encourage the design of parallel-program architectures and anthropomorphic programming structures, analogous to artist procedures and the metaphors of Smalltalk.
Small cell lung cancer: radionuclide bone scans for assessment of tumor extent and response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radionuclide bone scans were performed before and during combination chemotherapy in 119 systematically staged patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Before therapy, 49 patients (41%) had positive scans. Scan positivity was significantly associated with the presence of metastatic tumor in the bone marrow, positive skeletal radiographs, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Nonosseous distant metastases were significantly more likely to be detected as the number of areas of focal abnormalities on bone scan increased. The survival of patients with documented distant metastases in bone and nonosseous sites was significantly inferior to the survival of patients with limited disease, isolated osseous extensive disease, and extensive disease occurring only in nonbony sites. Of 36 patients with initially abnormal scans and tumor regression documented by other methods, scan findings improved in 24 (67%). In 26 (36%) of 72 scans in patients demonstrating disease progression in extraosseous sites, new areas of increased radionuclide uptake appeared. Improvement or worsening in follow-up scans was associated with nonbony tumor response or progression, respectively, 70% of the time. Serial bone scans provide reasonably accurate staging and prognostic information in patients with small cell lung cancer, although they are probably not sufficiently reliable to be used as the sole parameter in therapeutic decision-making.
Mating behaviour: sexual networks and sexual selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In non-selfing organisms, reproduction is mediated by interactions between individuals. These interactions represent a social trait, in which the sexual behaviour of an individual has the potential to affect not only its own fitness but also that of other individuals through its influence on mating and fertilization. A fundamental goal in biology is to understand how sexual behaviour translates into Darwinian fitness and evolves in response of sexual selection. Traditional quantitative frameworks to measure sexual selection and categorize mating systems often assume that populations are panmictic, an assumption undermined by recent work that shows that natural populations are often highly structured. This chapter reviews recent theoretical and empirical work to illustrate how social network analysis can help biologists to study the complex patterns of sexual dynamics in structured populations.
Simulation Study on Mechanical Vibration Characteristics of GIS Bus Misalignment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has been widely used in power grid systems. The busbar is a crucial element within a GIS system, responsible for facilitating electrical connections between different GIS components. Any defects during manufacturing or improper installation procedures can lead to busbar misalignment, resulting in abnormal vibrations within the GIS. This study focuses on analyzing the mechanical vibration characteristics of GIS bus misalignment using a simulation model based on the finite element method for a 252kV GIS. When the busbar is misaligned and the conductor experiences an unbalanced force, it undergoes Coulomb forces at double the voltage frequency. Under normal or misaligned conditions, the conductor exhibits forced vibrations at the power frequency of 100Hz. However, when misalignment occurs, there is a coupling effect between electrodynamics and vibrations, causing the shell to display integer frequency vibration components.
Study on optimum enzymatic conditions of brewer yeast in cell-wall breaking

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the experiment was to study on optimum cell-wall breaking conditions for brewer yeast by enzymatic treatment of lysozyme or snailase.4×4 orthogonal experimental design was used.The result showed that when ammount of enzyme,pH value,temperature and time were 10 mg·mL-1,5.0,45 ℃ and 6 h re-spectively,in this reseaching conditions,the average rate of cell-wall breaking was the greatest among all treatment levels.Influence degree of each factor ranked as follows: temperaturetimeenzymepH.Reach 80 % at least when the condition for cell-wall breaking was 50 ℃ for 6 h.Difference of the breaking rate of lysozyme and snailase was not significant(P0.05).So it was concluded that the best conditions for cell-wall breaking were as follows: ammount of enzyme 10 mg·mL-1,pH 5.0,temperature 45 ℃ and time 6 h.