jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SIRT4 suppresses the PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB signaling pathway and attenuates HUVEC injury induced by oxLDL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease. Its morbidity and mortality rates have demonstrated an increase in recent years. The present study aimed to explore the role of sirtuin (SIRT) 4 in the development of atherosclerosis. Alterations in SIRT4 expression in response to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) were quantified in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using western blotting. Cell counting kit‑8 and ﬂow cytometry assays were used in order to explore the effects of SIRT4 on HUVEC proliferation and apoptosis. The effect of SIRT4 on the expression of inﬂammatory factors in HUVECs was analyzed using ELISA. The expression and phosphorylation of proteins in the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor (NF)‑κB pathway were comparatively analyzed using western blotting. Nuclear translocation of p65 NF‑κB was examined using immunofluorescence. The present study indicated that oxLDL treatment decreased the expression of SIRT4 in HUVECs in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. SIRT4 overexpression promoted oxLDL‑induced HUVEC proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SIRT4 overexpression suppressed the PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB pathway by inhibiting PI3K phosphorylation and phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, p‑nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‑cells inhibitor α and p‑p65 NF‑κB expression; blocking p65 NF‑κB nuclear translocation and decreasing interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, and tumor necrosis factor α expression in oxLDL‑induced HUVECs. In conclusion, SIRT4 overexpression enhanced HUVEC survival, suppressed the PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in oxLDL‑induced HUVECs.
THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL INTER-ATRIAL SEPTUM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper is an elementary study of the normal and abnormal inter-atrial septum and an attempt to clarify the nomenclature and classification of the various kinds of septa on embryological grounds.During foetal life, the left ventricle receives almost no blood from the lungs, and must therefore get it from the vene cave via the common atrium, if it is to perform any work to help in its proper development.Herein lies the reason for the apparent complexity in the development of the inter- atrial septum, because the septum must be so built that it will at all times in fcetal life allow blood to flow from right to left.Obviously a simple septum cannot do this, and the only solution is the natural one-the evolution of a one-way valvular partition, which allows the free flow of blood from right to left throughout foetal life but can readily be closed by the rise of left atrial pressure that takes place at birth.The simplest form of valve has two components, one fixed and the other moving.In the inter- atrial septum, the fixed component (or seating) is the thick septum secundum, and the moving component is the thin septum primum.In order that the valve shall open from right to left (and close in the reverse direction), the moving part must be on the left side of the fixed part, and so the septum primum forms to the left of the septum secundum.Fig. 1 traces the evolution of the normal inter-atrial septum by means of cardboard models and sectional diagrams.Its understanding makes easier the study of the ostium primum and ostium secundum septal defects illustrated by models and photographs of actual specimens in Fig. 2.Apart from ostium primum and secundum defects, which are readily explained, there is another type of defect, more difficult to interpret, which may be associated with abnormal pulmonary venous drainage.An example is shown in Fig. 3, and the possible embryology is discussed.
Hepatitis-associated-antigen-positive hepatitis in a tuberculosis unit.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An outbreak of hepatitis-associated-antigen-(HB Ag)-positive hepatitis in a hospital unit for the care of male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is described. Sixty-four patients were studied of whom 37 were HB Ag positive. Hepatitis developed in at least 20 and was icteric in 11. The illness was mild, without fatality due to hepatitis and persistent jaundice did not occur. A carrier state developed in 15 of 24 HB Ag-positive patients followed up for more than six months and was unrelated to the presence or absence of initial hepatitis. Spread of HB Ag to domestic and medical staff occurred and following the discharge of the patients, household contacts became positive. Five, all wives of patients, developed jaundice. Faeces and sputum were HB Ag negative in seropositive cases. The origin of the outbreak remains undetected. The probability of non-parenteral transmission of HB Ag in this outbreak is discussed. Closure of the unit, isolation of HB Ag-positive cases with separate toilet and kitchen facilities, and discharge of patients when their respiratory condition allowed, resulted in prevention of further spread and eventually all patients were discharged from the unit.
The BuccinascoPentiti: A Unique Case Study of Radicalization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently many scholars have focused their attention on the dynamics of radicalization, de-radicalization, and disengagement, yet most studies are based on indirect and/or data which is difficult to verify. An exception comes from Italy, where authorities have recently benefited from the insights of two former members of an al Qaeda-affiliated Tunisian network. The two have voluntarily described to authorities the process and factors that led them to their radicalization and encouraged them to abondon the network. Based on thousands of pages of their unpublished confessions, the article provides a case study of radicalization that is rich in detail and uniquely reliable.
&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; measurement of tibiofemoral kinematics after patient-specific unicompartmental knee replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is suggested that unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) offers the potential to restore normal knee kinematics better than total knee replacement (TKR) because of retaining the cruciate ligaments, and better preservation of the overall geometry. It was hypothesized that patient-specific UKR would restore normal knee kinematics even better because of a customised articular shape. A comparative kinematics study was conducted on three cadaver limbs using two different test setups, a loaded ankle rig and an unloaded ankle rig. Kinematics was compared between a patient-specific UKR and a conventional fixed-bearing UKR. Both the UKRs showed similar kinematic patterns to the normal knee using both the test apparatus. The patient-specific UKR showed good results and with the other benefits it shows potential to dramatically improve clinical outcomes of knee replacement surgery.
A pandemia e seus efeitos no ensino superior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work aims to present the pandemic and its effects on higher education. The situation experienced by the country has made it impossible to continue face-to-face education, with educational institutions, both basic and higher education, looking for other forms of education, opting for remote teaching in a virtual way. Through research carried out, it was possible to verify that although education and society have undergone several changes, formal education and interactions made possible by the academic academic space are fundamental for the foundation of the knowledge that will guide the professional activities of this student in his future , without distinction of any kind, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, social class or religion. It concludes by discussing the importance of continuing education for these professionals, aiming at the renovation and filling of the gaps left by graduate education. There is an importance not only of the knowledge produced by the experience, but also the theoretical deepening for the production of better teaching methods.
Synthesis of Heptakis (2‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The title compound was prepared by a reaction sequence comprising methylation of heptakis (6‐bromo‐6‐deoxy)‐β‐cyclodextrin by the Kuhn procedure, regeneration of the primary hydroxyl groups from the resulting heptakis(2‐O‐methyl‐6‐bromo‐6‐deoxy)‐β‐dextrin via the 6‐O‐benzoate ester by benzoate exchange and subsequent deesterification. It was proved that the methyl groups in the tetradeca‐O‐methyl ether of β‐dextrin are located 0–2 and 0–6 of the D‐glucose residues.
An Autoethnography about a Career Educator’ Experience of her Child’s College Entrance Exam Preparation Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the experience of a career educator mother in the process of preparing her child for college entrance examination, the conflicts in the process, and how they accept and manage them through autoethnography. The data collected for the study include memory recollections, diaries, social media records, KakaoTalk conversations, teacher counseling and text conversations, personal school record and biographies, admission listings, and in-depth interviews with her child. The collected data were organized in chronological order and categorized by coding them into themes. The results of the study are as follows. First, this resulted in the child ignoring the child’s lowered self-efficacy and career aspirations in a non-academic setting while saying that the child’s will was respected. Second, the goal and value as a career educator could not be realized in the entrance examination process where it is difficult to change the career goal during high school. Third, She experienced conflicts between strategy and meaning in order to make personal school record where quantity is more important than the quality of inquiry. Fourth, I sympathized with the suboptimal choice of dropping my major and going to a prestigious university. Fifth, for a child who wanted to try again in a private school, the career educator had little choice and supported. The significance of this study is that it reflects on the social context in which this entrance examination is placed so that the process of preparing for the college entrance examination is not easily treated as a rite of passage or the experiences of the examinees are not considered only as individual growing pains. It also includes suggestions as a career educator in the hope that the experience of being a mother of an examinee will resonate with mothers who are preparing for the entrance examination under more difficult circumstances.
Ethanol Production from Glycerol by the YeastPachysolen tannophilusImmobilized on Celite during Repeated-Batch Flask Culture

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigated a novel process for production of ethanol from glycerol using the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. After optimization of the fermentation medium, repeated-batch flask culture was performed over a period of 378 hr using yeast cells immobilized on Celite. Our results indicated that the use of Celite for immobilization of P. tannophilus was a practical approach for ethanol production from glycerol, and should be suitable for industrial ethanol production.
Mutation R120G in αB-crystallin, which is linked to a desmin-related myopathy, results in an irregular structure and defective chaperone-like function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

αB-crystallin, a member of the small heat shock protein family, possesses chaperone-like function. Recently, it has been shown that a missense mutation in αB-crystallin, R120G, is genetically linked to a desmin-related myopathy as well as to cataracts [Vicart, P., Caron, A., Guicheney, P., Li, A., Prevost, M.-C., Faure, A., Chateau, D., Chapon, F., Tome, F., Dupret, J.-M., et al . (1998) Nat. Genet. 20, 92–95]. By using α-lactalbumin, alcohol dehydrogenase, and insulin as target proteins, in vitro assays indicated that R120G αB-crystallin had reduced or completely lost chaperone-like function. The addition of R120G αB-crystallin to unfolding α-lactalbumin enhanced the kinetics and extent of its aggregation. R120G αB-crystallin became entangled with unfolding α-lactalbumin and was a major portion of the resulting insoluble pellet. Similarly, incubation of R120G αB-crystallin with alcohol dehydrogenase and insulin also resulted in the presence of R120G αB-crystallin in the insoluble pellets. Far and near UV CD indicate that R120G αB-crystallin has decreased β-sheet secondary structure and an altered aromatic residue environment compared with wild-type αB-crystallin. The apparent molecular mass of R120G αB-crystallin, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, is 1.4 MDa, which is more than twice the molecular mass of wild-type αB-crystallin (650 kDa). Images obtained from cryoelectron microscopy indicate that R120G αB-crystallin possesses an irregular quaternary structure with an absence of a clear central cavity. The results of this study show, through biochemical analysis, that an altered structure and defective chaperone-like function of αB-crystallin are associated with a point mutation that leads to a desmin-related myopathy and cataracts.
Reducing sugar assessment on three indoor ornamental plants with growth regulators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of GibberellicAcidand Benzyladenineon Ficus benjamina, Schefflera arboricola and Dizigotheeca elegantissima plants was evaluated at pot cultivation conditions. This study was performed in three factorial test based on completely randomized design and 4 repeatswith 9 treatments. The aim of this work is to study the effect of foliar application with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 100 and 200 mg.L -1 and and benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 100 and 200 mg.L -1 levels. The results showed, Thus Ficus benjamina plants were higher than control plants in all plotstreated with GA3 and Benzyladenine, while treatment of 100 mg.L-1 GA3 had no significant difference with control treatment. Reducing sugars content in Schefflera arboricola plant remained unaffected with 0 mg.L-1 BA + 100 mg.L-1 GA3 treatment, while it was decreased markedly by 100 mg.L-1 BA, 100 mg.L-1 BA + 100 mg.L-1 GA3, 100 mg.L-1 BA + 200 mg.L-1 GA3 and 200 mg.L-1 BA. The treatments of 100 mg.L-1 BA + 100 mg.L-1 GA3, 100 mg.L -1 BA + 200 mg.L -1 GA3and 200 mg.L -1 BA had higher reducing sugars than control and treatments of 200 mg.L-1 GA3, 100 mg.L-1 BA, 200 mg.L-1 BA + 100 mg.L-1 GA3 and 200 mg.L-1 BA + 200 mg.L-1 GA3 had lower reducing sugars than control (no spray).
The Complexity of Message Delivery in Kleinberg's Small-world Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We prove additional results about Kleinberg’s Small-World (KSW) model and its extensions. Kleinberg adds a number of directed long-range random links to an n × n lattice network (vertices as nodes of a grid, undirected edges between any two adjacent nodes) under a specific non-uniform distribution. He shows that the following phenomenon occurs: between almost any two nodes there exits a short path with length at most O(log 2 n) which can be found using a simple greedy algorithm which has no global knowledge of long-range links. Kleinberg proves that the expected delivery time using his algorithm is O(log 2 n). We show that indeed Kleinberg’s algorithm achieves θ(log 2 n) delivery time. Moreover, we show that the expected diameter of the graph is θ(logn), so a logn factor smaller. These results are proved for the general k-dimensional model and our diameter result extends traditional work on the diameter of random graphs which largely focuses on uniformly distributed arcs. Using little additional knowledge of the graph, we show that we can find paths with expected length O(log 3/2 n) in the basic 2-dimensional model and O(log 1+1/k n) in the general k-dimensional model (for k ≥ 1). Finally, we suggest open problems and initiate the study of further generalized models where gridrelated factors (e.g. the use of lattice distance) get weaker roles or are dismissed, and constraints (such as the uniformness of degree distribution) are relaxed. 1
Remark on the Daugavet property for complex Banach spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this article, we study the Daugavet property and the diametral diameter two properties (DD2Ps) in complex Banach spaces. The characterizations for both Daugavet and Δ \Delta -points are revisited in the context of complex Banach spaces. We also provide relationships between some variants of alternative convexity and smoothness, nonsquareness, and the Daugavet property. As a consequence, every strongly locally uniformly alternatively convex or smooth (sluacs) Banach space does not contain Δ \Delta -points from the fact that such spaces are locally uniformly nonsquare. We also study the convex diametral local diameter two property and the polynomial Daugavet property in the vector-valued function space A ( K , X ) A\left(K,X) . From an explicit computation of the polynomial Daugavetian index of A ( K , X ) A\left(K,X) , we show that the space A ( K , X ) A\left(K,X) has the polynomial Daugavet property if and only if either the base algebra A A or the range space X X has the polynomial Daugavet property. Consequently, we obtain that the polynomial Daugavet property, Daugavet property, DD2Ps, and property ( D {\mathcal{D}} ) are equivalent for infinite-dimensional uniform algebras.
Quantitative description of the vocal repertoire of the territorial olive frog Babina adenopleura from Taiwan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anurans communicate using a repertoire of acoustic signals that can be classified as different call types based on differences in both their acoustic properties and the contexts in which they are produced. Descriptions of these repertoires represent a key first step towards understanding the vocal behaviour of any species and provide a critical foundation for comparative bioacoustic studies. In this study of the olive frog, Babina (formerly Rana) adenopleura, a territorial species from subtropical Taiwan, we used focal observations, acoustic recordings and statistical analyses of temporal, spectral and amplitude-related call properties to describe six different call types in the species' vocal repertoire. These call types included a putative advertisement call, territorial call, encounter call, amplectant call, distress call and alarm call. Advertisement calls consisted of four to five discrete notes, and they were the most commonly produced call. Territorial and encounter calls were delivered during interactions with other males; the former is a two-note call, whereas the latter is a distinctly pulsatile signal. Amplectant calls were acoustically similar to territorial calls but were delivered while males were in amplexus. Distress calls were given while the animal was being consumed by a snake, and alarm calls were recorded in response to startling stimuli. With basic descriptions of these call types in hand, we discuss several testable hypotheses for their putative adaptive functions.
Catalytic reductive cyclisations of amides using Vaska's complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chapter 1 introduces tertiary amines, and the main strategies available for their synthesis. Vaska’s complex is introduced, and its recent use for the reduction of tertiary amides and lactams is exhaustively described. Chapter 2 details the development of a spirocyclisation methodology from indole-tethered tertiary amides and lactams. The selectivity observed and the broad substrate scope make it a method of choice for the synthesis of spirocyclic indolines. Chapter 3 describes the development of a cycloaddition methodology, based on accessing azomethine ylides from tertiary amides and lactams, and reacting these 1,3-dipoles with a range of dipolarophiles, generating polycyclic amines. It is of value for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrolidine ring-containing amines. Chapter 4 details the investigations towards the design and application of a synthetic sequence leading to the total synthesis of a pentacyclic alkaloid, catharanthine. Previous syntheses are described, before model studies establish the feasibility of an IMDA cascade sequence triggered with Vaska’s complex. The natural product synthesis is then described. Chapter 5 details our efforts towards making the previously described methodologies amenable to large scale, and why they should be particularly attractive for industrial applications. Finally, preliminary results for the synthesis of new Vaska-type Iridium complexes for the reduction of non-tertiary amides functional groups are described.
Logistics Network Design Problem with Information Sharing Strategy

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the information sharing effects on the logistics center location problem, which is described by a bi-level programming model. The upper level is to determine the optimal sites of logistics centers to make the total cost (fixed and variable cost) minimum, in the range of fixed investment formulated by decision makers. The lower represents customers demand assignments among different logistics centers with different information sharing levels. Chaotic optimization algorithm (COA) is applied to solve the model. A simple example is given to illustrate the applications of the model and its algorithm.
Arrays of open, independently tunable microcavities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Optical cavities are of central importance in numerous areas of physics, including precision measurement, cavity optomechanics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. The miniaturisation and scaling to large numbers of sites is of interest for many of these applications, in particular for quantum computation and simulation. Here we present the first scaled microcavity system which enables the creation of large numbers of highly uniform, tunable light-matter interfaces using ions, neutral atoms or solid-state qubits. The microcavities are created by means of silicon micro-fabrication, are coupled directly to optical fibres and can be independently tuned to the chosen frequency, paving the way for arbitrarily large networks of optical microcavities.
Model-based human face detection in unconstrained scenes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a model-based face detection approach for determining the region occupied by upright frontal views of human faces in unconstrained natural scenes without any priori information. The process is composed of one offline and two online steps. The first step is offline and consists of the modeling stage that generates a model describing the "face" and "non-face" patterns by only few clusters. The second step is the pattern matching stage, which matches small patterns cropped from the input image at different positions and scales against the modeled clusters. The third step is the classification stage, which identifies the specified pattern as face or non-face using the nearest neighbor classifier. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the reduced computation complexity with respect to previously reported systems. This is done by an intelligent arbitration strategy that avoids the exhaustive search at different scales. The system is tested on 50 images containing 253 faces. The correct detection rate is approximately 83% while the false detection count is low.