jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of seismic analysis and design of multi storey symmetrical and asymmetrical building

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The current version of the IS: 1893-2002 requires that practically all multi storied buildings be analyzed as three-dimensional systems. Buildings may be considered as asymmetric in plan, in mass and stiffness along storey, of the buildings. Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. In this study, 3D analytical model of G+15 storied buildings have been generated for symmetric and asymmetric building models and analyzed using structural analysis tool ETABS software. Mass and stiffness are two basic parameters to evaluate the dynamic response of a structural system. Multi-storied buildings are behaved differently depending upon the various parameters like mass-stiffness distribution, foundation types and soil conditions. 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujrat, India demonstrated the damage and collapse of the buildings due to the irregularities in structural stiffness and floor mass. This paper is concerned with the effects of various vertical irregularities on the seismic response of a structure. The objective of the project is to carry out Response spectrum analysis (RSA) of regular and irregular RC building frames and Time history Analysis (THA) of regular RC building frames and carry out the ductility based design using IS 13920 corresponding to response spectrum analysis. Comparison of the results of analysis of irregular structures with regular structure is done.
Natamycin-Loaded Ethyl Cellulose/PVP Films Developed by Microfluidic Spinning for Active Packaging

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The preparation of active packaging loaded with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and other functional agents has become a hot topic for food preservation in recent years. In this field, active fiber films based on spinning methods have attracted the interest of researchers owing to their high specific surface area, high porosity, high loading capacity, and good controlled release capacity. In the present work, neatly arranged ethyl cellulose (EC)/polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) fibrous films loaded with natamycin as an antimicrobial agent were prepared by microfluidic spinning. The encapsulation efficiency of natamycin was more than 90% in each group and the loading increased with increasing natamycin content. According to the characterization results of the natamycin-loaded EC/PVP fibrous films, hydrogen bonding was formed between natamycin and EC and PVP in the fibrous films. Meanwhile, the water contact angle of the fibrous films was increased, suggesting the improved hydrophobicity of the films. In the in vitro bacterial inhibition experiments, the active fiber films loaded with natamycin showed good antimicrobial activity, which could significantly inhibit the growth of gray mold. In conclusion, N-EC/PVP fibrous films with antimicrobial activity prepared by microfluidic spinning showed good potential in the field of active packaging.
Thirty years of rice‐crab coculture in China—Research progress and prospects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) culture in rice paddy fields is a representative model of integrated agriculture‐aquaculture systems developed in China over the last 30 years. The economic and ecological benefits of rice‐crab coculture are significantly improved compared to those of rice monoculture. Under coculture conditions, rice provides shelter for crabs and improves the aquatic environment, while crabs eliminate pests and weeds, reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and stabilize rice production. At the same time, rice‐crab coculture helps protect biodiversity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An in‐depth study has led to the significant development of rice‐crab coculture technology in China and has established ecological breeding models with regional characteristics. These studies have established breeding industry standards for paddy field engineering, stocking mode, water quality control, rice management, feeding, pest control and breeding management. However, more research is needed to standardize rice field engineering specifications, optimize coculture modes, clarify crab nutritional needs, develop disease prevention and control methods, elucidate the operational mechanism of rice‐crab coculture and ascertain energy‐material exchange with the external environment. Eventually, rice‐crab coculture can be highly integrated to utilize the fewest resources while providing the greatest economic and environmental benefits. This review provides a theoretical reference for further research in the field of rice‐crab coculture, examining aspects such as development history, economic benefits, organisms in the system (rice, crabs, plankton, zoobenthos, weeds and microorganisms), internal and external environmental benefits, and the direction of future development.
Experiment of Passive Solar Desalination with Inclined Heating Type with Variation of Cover Glass Distance

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar desalination is a process to reduce the salt content in seawater by utilizing solar heat. In recent years, the interfacial heating method has been proposed as an alternative to evaporation by creating localized heat on the surface of the liquid. This study investigated charcoal briquettes as a solar absorber material to accelerate the evaporation rate. The experiment was carried out on four basins of single slope type using charcoal briquettes for 8 hours in the sun with variations in the distance between the cover glass and the absorber, namely 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm. Charcoal-free basins were also tested for comparison. Temperature is measured at several points in the basin to identify factors affecting evaporation. The results showed that the structure of charcoal briquettes can concentrate the heat required for phase change. The temperature and humidity in each basin also have a similar changing trend where solar radiation strongly influences temperature. Using charcoal can also increase the basin's convection and evaporation heat transfer rates. The maximum desalination efficiency is obtained in basin 2 with a variation of 4 cm cover glass spacing of 31.45%, followed by a variation of 5 cm cover glass distance in basin 3 of 29.92 %, and the variation of 3 cm glass spacing in basin 1 was 26.98%. Whereas in basin 4, with the variation without charcoal, an efficiency of 38.28% was obtained. Desalination efficiency is influenced by several factors: sun intensity, distillate productivity, latent heat of evaporation, and capillary action.
New data on the distribution of cockroaches (Blattodea) and earwigs (Dermaptera) in Poland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New information about six species of cockroaches (Blattodea: Blatta orientalis L., Blattella germanica L., Ectobius lapponicus L., E. sylvestris Poda, Periplaneta americana L. and Phyllodromica maculata Schreber) and five species of earwigs (Dermaptera: Apterygida albipennis Megerle von Mühlfeld, Chelidurella acanthopygia Géné, Forficula auricularia L., Labia minor L. and Labidura riparia Pallas) found in the period of 1957–2021 in Poland are presented. In the case of four species, the first information about their presence in the particular geographical regions was provided, based on the Catalogue of Polish Fauna.
The Practical Dilemma and Improvement Suggestions of Individual Account of Medical Insurance for Urban Employees

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Through the introduction of personal accounts, the medical insurance system for urban employees in China has constructed a medical insurance system in which employees and enterprises pay together.This system is in line with the national conditions at that time, breaking the state that medical expenses were taken over by the state in the past.However, with the gradual advancement of health care, the problems related to personal accounts also need to be rectified.This paper puts forward the practical dilemma of low operation efficiency, insufficient security function and polarization of balance level of personal account of medical insurance for urban employees.By using the method of policy analysis, this paper puts forward some suggestions from three aspects: family sharing, broadening the field of payment and establishing outpatient fee coordination, so as to promote the development and progress of medical insurance system for urban employees in China.
Studying Supramolecular Assemblies by ESEEM Spectroscopy: Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy was used to investigate intramolecular and intermolecular complexes of cyclodextrins (CDs) with a nitroxide group. The interaction with solvent molecules (D(2)O) was followed through the (2)H modulation depth. Competition experiments with adamantane-type guests were used to confirm complexation. The shielding of the nitroxide group from solvent upon inclusion into a CD cavity made this technique more sensitive to complexation than cw EPR spectroscopy. ESEEM analysis of a series of CDs mono and bis spin-labeled on the primary rim of the cavity showed that only one compound formed a self-inclusion complex. This suggests that significant linker length/flexibility is required for formation of inclusion complexes in functionalized CDs. DEER (double electron-electron resonance) experiments confirmed that the self-inclusion complex of the spin-labeled CD was intra- rather than intermolecular.
Supplementary materials of the paper entitled: "Generating Natural Language Requirements via Adversarial Examples in Deep Learning"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supplementary materials of the paper entitled: "Generating Natural Language Requirements via Adversarial Examples in Deep Learning" File A: Datasets (.txt) A1: Webex A2: Zoom A3: Teams A4: Word A5: PowerPoint A6: Excel File B: Python Code (Both ours and baseline) B1: adversarial_samples.ipynb B2: Baseline.ipynb FIle C: Result Tables (.xlsx) C1: Table of perturbed outputs in Webex C2: Table of perturbed outputs in Zoom C3: Table of perturbed outputs in Teams C4: Table of perturbed outputs in Word C5: Table of perturbed outputs in PowerPoint C6: Table of perturbed outputs in Excel (Excel) File D: Trend of Adversarial Shifts (Graphs) D1: Adversarial shifts of office suit (LSTM) D2: Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit (LSTM) D3: Non-Adversarial shifts of office suit (LSTM) D4: Non-Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit(LSTM) D5: Adversarial shifts of office suit (GRU) D6: Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit (GRU) D7: Non-Adversarial shifts of office suit (GRU) D8: Non-Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit(GRU) D9: Adversarial shifts of office suit (Bi-LSTM) D10: Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit (Bi-LSTM) D11: Non-Adversarial shifts of office suit (Bi-LSTM) D12: Non-Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit(Bi-LSTM) File E: Adversarial Examples (.pdf) E1: Adversarial vs original in Webex E2: Adversarial vs original in Zoom E3: Adversarial vs original in Teams E4: Adversarial vs original in Word E5: Adversarial vs original in PowerPoint E6: Adversarial vs original in Excel File F: Questionnaire
The March to Zion: United States Policy and the Founding of Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The March to Zion: United States Policy and the Founding of Israel. By Kenneth Ray Bain. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1979. xviii + 235 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $15.95.) Get access Monty Noam Penkower Monty Noam Penkower Touro College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 68, Issue 2, September 1981, Pages 435–436, https://doi.org/10.2307/1890057 Published: 01 September 1981
The apocalypse on Twitter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There was one trending topic on Twitter in December 2012 that we could have seen coming for a few years now: the New Age prophecy of the End of Times on 21 December 2012—all because some Mayan calendar supposedly ended on this date. For 2 weeks long—a week before the Apocalypse and a week after—we monitored Twitter for Dutch words concerning the End of the World. We caught 52,000 tweets in 2 weeks. When did the stream of rumours peek? How many retweets were involved? Was there much micro-variation? What was the overall content of the tweets? What emotions were expressed in the tweets? How did religious people respond? And finally, how many people confessed they were truly scared because of the prophecy? These are intriguing questions that we can answer by using a few basic computational tools. Although the Apocalypse got a lot of attention in the news media, it turned out most Dutch people on Twitter took the End of Days with a grain of salt.
Funding mechanisms and quality assurance systems in Higher Education in Egypt in comparative perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A comparative examination was undertaken of funding mechanisms and Quality Assurance Systems (QAS) in higher education in Egypt and the UK with the aim of identifying implications for reform in Egypt. These issues are examined by applying the concepts of autonomy, accountability, efficiency and equity as analytical and evaluative tools, chosen because of their central place in the analysis of the governance and finance of higher education. The principal sources of data are document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 47 academic and administrative staff in Cairo University and 29 at the University of Birmingham. The main findings show that different forms of funding and QAS differ in their consequence for the autonomy, accountability, efficiency and equity of universities. There are also contested perspectives between the expectations of policy pronouncements and the experience of those working in the sector. It was also found that there are overlapping contextual factors of governance and culture that contribute to the impact of funding and QAS so that they cannot be understood as stand-alone ‘objective’ phenomena because they are shaped and re-shaped by the regulatory and cultural environment. This leads to the conclusion that changes to funding and QAS in Egypt need to be reformed and developed in ways that address issues of governance and culture. A set of pilot projects is proposed to test their feasibility and build support for change. While the study has identified several fundamental systemic problems that need to be addressed, it is argued that these are best done through evolutionary pilot projects such as evolving a funding formula; cost-sharing; staffing; student representation systems and capacity building and training.
321 RANDOM SURVIVAL FOREST FOR PERSONALISED PROGNOSTICATION AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract For patients with esophageal cancer, producing accurate prediction models for long-term survival after esophagectomy has proved challenging. We investigated whether Random Survival Forests (RSF), a machine learning method, could produce an accurate prognostic model for overall survival after esophagectomy. Methods The study used data from the 'National Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Audit' (NOGCA) and included patients diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma between 2012 and 2018 in England and Wales and who underwent a curative esophagectomy with adequate lymphadenectomy (15 lymph nodes) and survived to discharge (n = 6838). Missing data was handled using multiple imputation. 15 variables were selected for inclusion using Random Forest variable importance and used to train the final model. The same variables with non-linearity transformations were used to develop a traditional Cox regression model for comparison. Results Median survival was 50 months. The final RSF model had good discrimination on internal validation with a C-index of 0.7627 (0.7625–0.7629), exceeding the cox model 0.7539 (0.7541–0.7537). At 3 years post-surgery, overall survival was 56.2%. The RSF yielded a mean predicted survival of 59.3% (IQR 33.3–87.1%) with good calibration (Figure 1) compared to 57.4% (38.4%–79.8%) for the cox model. The most influential variables were lymph node involvement and pT/ypT stage, however other variables including neoadjuvant treatment completion and surgical complications were also important. Decision curve analysis was undertaken which also showed an increased net benefit with the RSF model. Conclusion A Random Forest survival model provided better performance in predicting survival after curative esophagectomy. This will allow more personalised predictions to be delivered clinicians and patients. An online web app is provided at https://uoscancer.shinyapps.io/NOGCA/
Investigating the Relationship between Fetal DNA Fraction in Cell-Free DNA Test and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women Referring to Perinatology Clinics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Screening is done by examining the Fetal Fraction (FF) in cell-free DNA to find fetal aneuploidy. In this study, the relationship between FF obtained in weeks 10–20 of pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as demographic variables of mothers were investigated. Methods: This study included pregnant women (n=685) referred to perinatology clinics in West Azerbaijan from April 2018 to March 2021 who underwent cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening in weeks 10 to 22 of pregnancy. The demographic variables of the mothers were extracted and recorded at the time of sample collection and the pregnancy outcomes at the time of delivery from their records. Results: Two patients had cervical insufficiency, 10 participants had preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM), and the frequency of NICU Hospitalization was 0.9% (6 person). The distribution estimates FF less than the 25th percentile as less than normal, with 197 (29.5%) individuals having FF less than 4.36. Body Mass Index (BMI) had an opposite relationship with FF (p-value=0.001 and B=0.296). Only the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) patients was different between the two groups (p=0.032). The area under the diagram was significant for the outcomes of preterm delivery (0.503), pregnancy-related high blood pressure (0.599), and GDM (0.609, according to the ROC diagram). Conclusion: Based on the present study, FF assessment at 10–20 weeks of pregnancy can predict the possibility of gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced blood pressure, and premature delivery during pregnancy to a weak to moderate extent.
Temporal disaggregation of rainfall for Singapore

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This report serves as a recount on the Final Year Project the author undertook during full two semesters in her fourth year undergraduate study in Nanyang Technology University (NTU). The final year project is an integral part of an NTU student’s graduation requirement in the last year of study in the college. The author feels honoured to be able to take up this project: Temporal Disaggregation of Rainfall for Singapore, under the immediate supervision of Assistant Professor Qin Xiaosheng. Temporal disaggregation is one of the ways to obtain higher frequency data (such as hourly) from a lower frequency rainfall data (such as daily). In many statistical studies, finer rainfall data is always not widely available and not easy to obtain using the available rain gauges, thus temporal disaggregation is performed through interpolation of parameters and using benchmarking to derive the desired set of data. In this final year project report, the author had examined the degree of applicability of using the Hyetos software to derive rainfall statistics for hourly frequency from the daily rainfall frequency using the six parameters Bartlett-Lewis Rectangular Pulse Model (BLRPM). The rainfall data are obtained from Singapore Changi Climatic Station from 1980 to 2010, a total of 31 years of historical rainfall data. The objective of this project is to perform a spatial-temporal stochastic model to observe the hourly rainfall data from years 1980 to 2005 (26 years) and use the fitted model to carry out the disaggregation of 24-hr rainfall depths to obtain the desired hourly rainfall using the Hyetos software from years 2006 to 2010 (5 years) as a form of verification. After performing the disaggregation of rainfall, the author will then discuss the results obtained from the software and make comparisons of the data to discuss and analyze the extent of reliability and accuracy of the rainfall disaggregation. The author will also explain in details the software and techniques used for this disaggregation and the possible methodology involved.
[Internal tamponade using silicone oil in the treatment of retinal detachment].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Controverses et actualites de l'usage de l'huile de silicone: historique depuis 1962. Principes et buts du tamponnement interne par l'huile de silicone. Proprietes physico-chimiques. Complications. Retrait de l'huile de silicone. Indications du tamponnement interne. Conclusion
Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Influenced by Electromagnetically Resonance Mediated Clotrimazole

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Qing Li, Jie Teng, Miao Tian, Peng Gao, Tongju Li, Hong Wu* and B Qing Tang* Author Affiliations Institute of Life Science & Technology, ENN Group, Hebei, China Received: April 30, 2019 | Published: May 06, 2019 Corresponding author: B Qing Tang, Institute of Life Science & Technology, ENN Group, Hebei, China Hong Wu, Institute of Life Science & Technology, ENN Group, Hebei, China DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.17.003050
Fluorinated neuroleptics of the 10-piperazino-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin series; 6-Fluoro derivatives of perathiepin, octoclothepin, doclothepin and some related compounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The synthesis of a series of 6-fluoro-10-piperazino-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepins Ic-IIIc , Vc and VIc is described; these compounds are derivatives of the neuroleptic agents perathiepin ( Ia ), octoclothepin ( IIIa ), doclothepin ( Va ) and their hydroxyethyl analogues IIa and VIa in which the metabolic hydroxylation to position 6 was made impossible by blockade. The synthesis used common procedures via the intermediates VII-XVIII . Fluorination in position 6 does not influence much the pharmacological profile of the compounds indicating that hydroxylation in position 6 is only a minor metabolic pathway. The most interesting substance is the 6-fluoro derivative of octoclothepin ( IIIc ) which is a potent central depressant and neuroleptic agent with some protraction of the sedative effects.
[The effect of reversible ischemia of the rat liver on antipyrine metabolism and the isoenzyme activity of cytochrome P-450].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The character of changes in the metabolism of antipyrine, etoxy-, methoxy- and pentoxyresurphin after total reversible ischemia of the liver was studied in rats. In animals highly resistant to hypoxia the metabolism of xenobiotics specific to cytochromes P-450 IA1, IA2, and IIB1 was inhibited; in subjects with low resistance to hypoxia only P-450 and IA1 activity was suppressed while the activity of P-450 IIB1 and IA2 increased 2-3-fold.