jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Emotion and Catharsis in the Cinema Audience in the Context of the Psychoanalytic Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, the nature of the psychoanalytic film theory in perceiving the film construction and the nature of the audience"s emotion transfer will be discussed through the philosophy theory of "catharsis". It is aimed to analyze the cinema in itself, to benefit from the psychoanalyst approach to the relationship between the word, image, symbol, and object of the emotional discharge in the audience. The universality of cinema carries a common language as the journey of “knowing people, and making sense of people”. Despite the different languages, cultures, and fantastic elements, cinema succeeds in reaching common feelings in the audience. People watch movies to live a fantasy. The reflection of the fictionalized fantasies enables them to re-live the adventure they made in their inner world. The movie theater or the place where the movie is watched portrays the inner world of the individual. The film, which reflects one"s image, will allow individuals to meet with the inner world again. The purpose of this article is to construct a new world of meaning by experiencing the phenomena such as examining and reviewing their inner world, collective unconscious, symbol, and imagination in emotional discharge. As a result, reactions that emerge in action are now replaced by a new version of emotions. Identification took the new form of emotion into internal memory and left its place to dreams, imaginations, and desires. In this paper, the bond that the person establishes with the work of art is examined through the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Jacques Lacan and emphasized the concept of catharsis as an individual"s spiritual need beyond its philosophical dimension. The article consists of three parts. The psychoanalytic approach, the theory of catharsis, and the importance of these two theories in cinema on the audience are discussed. The first part focuses on the basic concepts of Freud, Lacan, and Jung"s psychoanalytic theory. To determine the hidden causes of the action, the conditions under which the psychoanalytic approach was put forward and its connection with the films were examined and the second part, the connection of the expression of emotional discharge with the inner world of the individual in the theory of catharsis is examined, and the place of catharsis in the psychoanalytic approach is discussed beyond being just a concept of art philosophy. Lastly, in the third part, the effect of movies on emotions is evaluated.
Voices from the Margins: Analysing Subaltern Narratives in Rohinton Mistrys: A Fine Balance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This paper explores the representation of subaltern voices in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance, a novel set against the backdrop of India during the Emergency period of the 1970s. Through a close reading of the characters and their narratives, this study delves into the lived experiences of marginalized individuals—tailors, beggars, and outcasts—who are often silenced or rendered invisible in mainstream discourse. Drawing on the theoretical framework of subaltern studies, the paper examines how Mistry gives voice to these marginalized groups, highlighting their struggles for survival, dignity, and agency in a society marked by systemic oppression and social hierarchies. The analysis reveals how the novel not only critiques the socio-political landscape of the time but also engages with broader questions of power, identity, and resistance. By foregrounding the subaltern experience, A Fine Balance challenges the reader to confront the stark realities of inequality and the resilience of those who exist on the margins of society
Proper biharmonic maps and $$(2,1)$$-harmonic morphisms from some wild geometries

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work we construct a variety of new complex-valued proper biharmonic maps and (2, 1)-harmonic morphisms on Riemannian manifolds with non-trivial geometry. These are solutions to a non-linear system of partial differential equations depending on the geometric data of the manifolds involved.
Assessment of Breathlessness Perception by Borg Scale in Asthmatic Patients: Reproducibility and Applicability to Different Stimuli

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In asthmatics, the score of bronchoconstriction-associated breathlessness at 20% fall in forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV1) evaluated on a Borg scale (PS20) is a tool successfully used to measure the perception of symptoms. This prospective laboratory study evaluated the applicability of PS20 to assess the breathlessness induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) and methacholine (M) and its reproducibility. Twenty-two mild and clinically stable asthmatic patients performed UNDW and M challenge tests. The PS20 was calculated by linear interpolation of the last two points of the perception/fall in FEV1 curve of the UNDW and M tests. The reproducibility of PS20 M was assessed by repeating measurements on 2 separate days by 3 weeks. PS20 UNDW and PS20 M did not differ and were respectively 1.82 +/- 1.85 and 2.03 +/- 1.86. They were significantly related (rs=0.63; p<0.01) and the bias between PS20 UNDW and PS20 M was -0.21 with the limits of agreement ranging from -3.2 to 3.6. The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeated measurement of PS20 M was 0.82; the bias between the two measurements was 0.2 with the limits of agreement ranging from -2.8 to 3.2. All patients had a measurable breathlessness perception degree on a Borg scale during both distilled water challenges and methacholine. Asthmatic patients with normal, exaggerated or poor breathlessness perception were also similar for both stimuli. In addition, PS20 showed a good reproducibility and this allows the serial evaluation of patient's breathlessness perception by this technique in clinical settings and in the physiology laboratory.
Real-time feedback for children's pre-writing activities using haptic technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Haptic technology is well known in providing real-time feedback. Real-time feedback may helps with early detection when children incorrectly performing their writing tasks. Haptic device is a popular learning approach in which it does not only provide real-time feedback but also able to track user's hand position and motion including pen position. This paper will discuss the key elements of haptic technology in pre-writing activities. These key elements will help to determine the usability of the haptic device. The findings will formulate a framework related to the elements in the haptic device and pre-writing activities.
The effect of dietary protein degradability on the performance of Saanen dairy goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Title: The effect of dietary protein degradability on the performance of Saanen dairy goats Candidate: John Thornton Study Leader: Dr. A.V. Ferreira Institution: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch Degree: M.Sc. Agric The goat is a significant domestic animal throughout the world today. With an estimated world goat population of 590 million goats in 1991 (FAO, 1991 as citied by Haenlein, 1996) it is impossible to consider the goat as insignificant. The need for milk, and it seems particularly goat’s milk, is obvious if one considers the increase in dairy goat populations over the past 20 years. Across the globe the dairy goat population has increased by 52% while in developing and developed countries, there has been an increase of 56% and 17%, respectively (Haenlein, 2000). The goat dairy industry in South Africa is still very underdeveloped, yet it holds tremendous potential for the entrepreneur willing to take the risk and do the job correctly. W ith the present South African financial situation the opportunities that exist for exporting value added products to countries with stronger currencies is a market with extraordinary potential. In New Zealand, the national herd consists of approximately 16000 dairy goats and 90% of the milk produced is turned to powdered milk and then exported to the East, a valuable source of foreign currency. In South Africa, the same potential exists and with some vision and hard work the dairy goat industry can make a valuable contribution to generating foreign currency. Research into the protein requirements and particularly protein degradability requirements of dairy goats is scarce, yet in recent years there has been an increased interest in the effect of protein supplementation to lactating animals (Mishra & Rai, 1996). In the work of Mishra & Rai (1996) there were benefits obtained from the use of different rumen degradable proteins for lactating dairy goat does. The does on the highly degradable protein diet had a better feed intake while the does on the low degradable protein diet gave a higher milk production. Other research on this field of study has also delivered positive results with more than one species of lactating animal that had increased levels of UDP in the diet (Robinson et al., 1991 and Christensen et al., 1993). Loerch et al. (1995) suggested that improved production by making use of rumen undegradable proteins would have no effect if crude protein were not a limiting factor in production. Pailan & Kaur (1995) and Mishra & Rai (1996) did research on lowered CP levels with increased UDP levels in lactating dairy does. They used of three diets, with the one having a 20% lower CP value but an Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/
Discovery of novel forkhead box O1 inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes: improvement of fasting glycemia in diabetic db/db mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Excessive hepatic glucose production through the gluconeo-genesis pathway is partially responsible for the elevated glu-cose levels observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The forkhead transcription factor forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) plays a crucial role in mediating the effect of insulin on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Here, using a db/db mouse model, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Foxo1 inhibitor, an orally active small-molecule compound, as a therapeutic drug for treating T2DM. Using mass spectrometric affinity screening, we discovered a series of compounds that bind to Foxo1, identi-fying among them the compound, 5-amino-7-(cyclohexyl-amino)-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbox-ylic acid (AS1842856), which potently inhibits human Foxo1 transactivation and reduces glucose production through the inhibition of glucose-6 phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels in a rat hepatic cell line. Oral ad-ministration of AS1842856 to diabetic db/db mice led to a drastic decrease in fasting plasma glucose level via the inhibi-tion of hepatic gluconeogenic genes, whereas administration to normal mice had no effect on the fasting plasma glucose level. Treatment with AS1842856 also suppressed an increase in plasma glucose level caused by pyruvate injection in both normal and db/dbmice. Taken together, these findings indicate that the Foxo1 inhibitor represents a new class of drugs for use in treating T2DM.
Microbial characterization of discarded breads

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bread is one of the most wasted products in distribution systems and in households. To consider reusing it, the presence of microorganisms must be taken into account. In this study, the microbial load of crumb and crust of four kinds of bread, sold in two different types of establishments, has been compared separately. Counts of Bacillus spp, sulphite reducing bacteria, coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp, lactic acid bacteria, Aerobic plate count, molds, and yeasts were determined. The microorganisms found were identified. The microbial load of discarded breads was similar to that of cereal flours found in other studies. In general, a greater presence of bacteria in breads from small stores than in those from supermarkets has been found. Some of the least sold breads in small bakeries, such as wholemeal or candeal, presented a higher microbial load. Although their quantity or type are not a concern for people's health, good practices must be implemented to reduce health risks in products made from discarded bread.
Retinoic acid induced meiosis initiation in female germline stem cells by remodelling three‐dimensional chromatin structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to clarify the regulation and mechanism of meiotic initiation in FGSC development. Materials and Methods FGSCs were induced to differentiate into meiosis in differentiation medium. RNA sequencing was performed to analysis the difference of transcription level. High‐through chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi‐C) was performed to analysis changes of three‐dimensional chromatin structure. Chromosome conformation capture further confirmed a spatial chromatin loop. ChIP‐qPCR and dual luciferase reporter were used to test the interaction between Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8) protein and Trip13 promoter. Results Compared with FGSCs, the average diameter of STRA8‐positive germ cells increased from 13 μm to 16.8 μm. Furthermore, there were 4788 differentially expressed genes between the two cell stages; Meiosis and chromatin structure‐associated terms were significantly enriched. Additionally, Hi‐C results showed that FGSCs underwent A/B compartment switching (switch rate was 29.81%), the number of topologically associating domains (TADs) increasing, the average size of TADs decreasing, and chromatin loop changes at genome region of Trip13 from undifferentiated stage to meiosis‐initiation stage. Furthermore, we validated that Trip13 promoter contacted distal enhancer to form spatial chromatin loop and STRA8 could bind Trip13 promoter to promote gene expression. Conclusion FGSCs underwent chromatin structure remodelling from undifferentiated stage to meiosis‐initiation stage, which facilitated STRA8 binding to Trip13 promoter and promoting its expression.
Antimicrobial Activity of Eupomatia laurina

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The fractionated extracts of leaves, stem bark and root bark of Eupomatia laurina were screened against 13 Gram + and 12 Gram - bacteria, a protozoan and four fungi. All extracts were found to be active against most of the bacteria and some fungi. The petrol extract of the leaf, the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark, and the dichloromethane extract of the root bark exhibited superior levels of antibacterial activity. The stem bark (ethyl acetate extract) and the root bark (dichloromethane extract) were active against the molds tested.
Magnitude and associated factors of early Implanon discontinuation among rural women in public health facilities of central Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Advocating for and promoting contraception use is critical in reducing mother and child morbidity and mortality. Early Implanon discontinuation may result in unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. Although there has been research in Ethiopia on long-acting reversible contraceptives, there has been none on early Implanon removal among rural women who have used and removed it. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of Implanon discontinuation and related characteristics among women who had the Implanon removed in central Ethiopian public health facilities. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among all women of the reproductive age group who had removed Implanon after using it. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 373 women after proportional allocation to each health facility. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Data were entered using EpiInfo and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the outcome variable and independent variables. A p-value less than 0.25 was used as a cutoff point to select candidate variables for the final model. Then, a p value less than 0.05, AOR, and a 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance. Result A total of 360 participants responded to the questionnaires, making a response rate of 96.5%. In this study, the early discontinuation rate was 42% (95% CI 36.9–47.7). No formal education (AOR = 0.53 [95% CI 0.3–0.94], having medium monthly income (AOR = 3.02 [95% CI 1.38–6.6]), inadequate pre-insertion counseling (AOR = 0.55 [95% CI 0.31–0.98]), lack of appointment for follow up (AOR = 0.16 [95% CI 0.05–0.54]), didn`t satisfy with service provided (AOR = 0.067 [95% CI 0.015–0.29] and developed side effect (AOR) = 4.45 [95% CI 2.37–8.36] were significantly associated with Implanon discontinuation. Conclusion The discontinuation rate of Implanon among those who removed it after using it in this study was high. Lack of formal education, having a medium-income, inadequate pre-insertion counseling, lack of appointments for the follow-up, poor satisfaction, and problems with side effects were the factors associated with early discontinuation rate. Hence, quality family planning service provision is essential to reduce the discontinuation rate.
SOUTH AFRICAN PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY SERVICES: A STATUS REPORT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parliamentary libraries can play a significant role in the information behaviour of parliamentarians. With the exception of the Library of National Parliament, also known as the Library and Information Unit, in Cape Town, South Africa, the other nine South African parliamentary libraries are relatively new institutions that mostly resulted from the democratic processes that took place in the country in 1994. The Library of National Parliament services the National Assembly, while the other nine parliamentary libraries service the provincial legislatures. Initial status reports compiled in 2004 and 2007 indicated limited and very traditional services and sources in many of the parliamentary libraries. Five years later, an attempt was made to establish if improvements and innovations had been implemented in the parliamentary libraries to serve parliamentarians optimally. A quantitative survey was carried out among all ten parliamentary libraries using a questionnaire. The major findings were that although most of the libraries were offering the same kind of services, very few innovative services had been introduced. A steady increase in online journals, newspapers and databases was observed, thereby indicating a shift towards incorporating digital content and making information available online. A few of the libraries had introduced technology to their services by way of a library portal, Facebook presence, or by using a library blog. Recommendations include: establishing a consortium among the parliamentary libraries to enable information sharing; extending services to a wider clientele; and establishing a platform through the Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA) where issues and challenges can be discussed.
Activities of human recombination protein Rad51

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Homologous pairing and strand exchange, which are catalyzed by Escherichia coli RecA protein, are central to homologous recombination. Homologs of this protein are found in eukaryotes; however, little has been reported on the recombinase activities of the mammalian homologs, including the human protein, denoted HsRad51. For the studies described here, we purified HsRad51 from E. coli . Although the activities of HsRad51 and RecA were qualitatively similar in the presence of ATP, there were also striking differences. The stoichiometry of binding to DNA and the rate of renaturation of complementary strands were similar for the two proteins, but rates of ATP hydrolysis, homologous pairing, and subsequent strand exchange promoted by HsRad51 were less than (null)/1;10 those of RecA. In addition, HsRad51 bound γ-thio-ATP and formed stable presynaptic complexes that promoted renaturation as rapidly as RecA, but the recombinant human protein catalyzed neither strand exchange nor homologous pairing of a single strand with duplex DNA in the presence of the ATP analog. By contrast, RecA promoted both of the latter reactions in control experiments. These observations suggest that among RecA-like proteins, HsRad51 may be a variant in which homologous pairing and strand exchange are more closely linked to the hydrolysis of ATP.
Zulu beadwork : talk with beads

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction to beadwork -- Beadwork messages -- Beadwork during the 1950's - 1970's -- Beadwork during pregnancy -- Sangomas and beadwork -- Snuff and beadwork -- Love letters -- Beadwork of different areas -- Who wears what -- Shembe beads -- Piercing -- Beaded dolls.
FLASHCARD GAMES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS: FIRST AND SECOND GRADE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to show how primary school students in the fi rst and the second grades can successfully master the fi rst steps in learning a foreign language with the use of certain game elements. When choosing which games to use, EFL teachers should think not only about their students’ knowledge, needs and different types of learners, but also about the teaching facilities, that is, the size of the classroom and the available equipment and resources, as well as the number of children in each class. Listening and reading are skills that young learners develop at this stage. Since writing is introduced in the third grade, the aim of foreign language classes in the fi rst and the second grades, among other things, is to familiarise the students with the phonological system of the foreign language and the basic communication skills in spoken interaction. At this stage, young learners acquire a new language through what they hear, see and touch, which makes fl ashcards an essential resource for teachers. Some of the most popular fl ashcard games among young learners are Say the word, Bingo!, Noughts and crosses, Simon Says and Role-play. These games have a positive infl uence on the emotional, social, mental and physical development of children. Another advantage of these games is that their number is virtually unlimited, so that they can be adjusted to almost any topic assigned in the National Curriculum. Both teachers and students can easily make their own sets of fl ashcards for specifi c needs. Through games and specifi c roles they perform, children develop imagination and creativity, but at the same time, they practice different types of
socially acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.
Effects of pyrogallol on <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> growth in HI broth.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>A <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> suspension cultured overnight in HI broth was diluted in 1,000-fold into a 96-well microplate with or without pyrogallol and cultured in a 37°C incubator for 6 h. Bacterial growth was determined by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm using a microplate reader. The data represent the means ± SEM of three experiments (<sup>**</sup><i>p</i> < 0.01; <sup>***</sup><i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>