jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Participation right as a human right and case of Edirne City Council

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

İnsan haklarının tarihsel evriminebakıldığında üç kuşak insan hakları olduğu söylenebilir (Mourgeon, 1990).Bunlardan ilki en eski tarihli (1776 Amerikan ve 1789 Fransız Hak Bildirgelerigibi) doğal hukuk bağlamında bireyciliğe dayananlardır. Burada kişi özgürlükleri,soyut ve hukuki olarak nitelendirilmiştir. İkincisi, 19.yy ikinci yarısındanitibaren ve toplumun belli kesimlerinin faydalanabildiği sosyal ve ekonomiknitelikli haklardır. Sonuncusu ise dayanışma haklarıdır. Katılma hakkıdayanışma haklarına dâhil edilmiştir. Diğer insan haklarında olduğu gibi,katılım hakları da zaman içinde uluslararası antlaşmalara girerek kurumsal birniteliğe bürünmüştür. Bu nedenle, kentli ve katılım hakları henüz oluşumsürecindedir. Bugün dayanışma haklarından olan katılım hakkı, üzerinde en çokdurulan ve geliştirilmekte olan bir insan hakkıdır (Mourgeon, 1990; Tekeli,2011). Katılım hakkının Türkiye’deki gelişimi çoğunlukla Yerel Gündem 21ışığında kurulan kent konseyleri üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanınamacı kent konseylerinin katılım hakkının gelişimine ne düzeyde elverişliolduğunu anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda kentle ilgili konularda kentkonseylerinin bilgilendirme, diyalog, müzakere ve tartışma süreçlerinde nasılbir rol üstlendiği, bu süreçleri ne kadar etkin yerine getirebildiği üzerineodaklanılacaktır. Araştırmada Edirne Kent Konseyi bahsedilen açılardanincelenecektir. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak mülakat yöntemi tercihedilecektir. Edirne Kent Konseyi, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve Edirne Belediyesiile mülakatlar yapılacaktır. Saha çalışması kapsamında yürütülecek araştırmayöntemi, epistemolojik yaklaşım ve yasal/yönetsel düzenlemeler açısındanyorumlayıcı (interpretive) ve açıklayıcı (explanatory) bir niteliktedir. Araştırmaaynı zamanda teoriden veriye uzanan tümdengelimci bir yaklaşımla (deductive)konuya yaklaşmaktadır. Çalışma, görüşmecilerle yapılacak mülakatlar ve ilgilikurum ve kişilerle yapılacak röportajlar bağlamında nitel (qualitative) biraraştırma özelliği taşımaktadır.
The effects of the return channel geometry on the aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal compressor: A numerical study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, steady RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) numerical modeling of the return system of a centrifugal compressor is carried out to investigate the effects of various geometrical parameters on the aerodynamic performance of the return system. The effects of using splitter vanes in the return-channel, the width ratio of the return channel and the diverging angle of the walls are examined. Numerical results revealed that using splitter vanes can enhance the stage averaged pressure ratio and polytropic efficiency by 0.74 and 3.21%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the width ratio can enhance the efficiency and pressure ratio near the choke region, however, it has marginal effects on the performance at low flow coefficients. Results also showed that, due to the negligible effects of the diverging angle on the stage performance, using diverging hub wall can reduce the total axial length of the multistage compressor. Finally, a new return system is designed based on the combination of the best geometrical parameters found in the current study. Simulation results demonstrated that the average pressure ratio and efficiency of the compressor have been improved by 0.99% and 4%, respectively, by the newly developed return system compared to the original design.
The lasting economic contributions of John Kenneth Galbraith, 1908-2006

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

J.K. Galbraith was a highly original theorist whose contributions deserve lasting recognition. Galbraith analyzed the significant economic power held by large firms, which underpinned the success of the U.S. economy in the post-World War II era. Galbraith highlighted how this concentration of power creates a range of unintended problems—social and environmental. Galbraith recognized that firms manipulate the consumer and that their actions lead to the inequitable distribution of income and social goods. In response to this, the "good society" must secure the provision of essential goods and services that are not automatically forthcoming and mitigate macroeconomic problems such as financial instability, unemployment, inflation, and poverty.
The role of cell adhesion molecules and Bergmann glia in Purkinje cell monolayer formation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purkinje cells (PCs) are large neurons in the cerebellar cortex with elaborate dendrites that receive inputs into the cerebellum. Being the only output of the cerebellar cortex, PCs project to cerebellar nuclei and control behaviors ranging from movement to social activities. Many cerebellar disorders are partly characterized by dysfunction/death of PCs without any effective treatments. Developing treatments relies on understanding early neurodevelopmental process. In this study, I investigate the migratory behavior of PCs in postnatal mice. Despite the current modes of neuronal migration that have been introduced so far, the main underlying mechanism of dispersing PCs from the cluster stage to the monolayer position is still unclear. I hypothesize that Bergmann glia cells (BGCs) play a crucial role for PCs postnatal dispersal and monolayer formation. To test the hypothesis, I used a mouse model of excessive PCs migration, naked ataxia (nax; Acp2 -/-), and investigated the expression pattern of genes which are potentially necessary to hold both cells together during migration. A group of most promising cell adhesion molecules were selected to study in nax and wt sibling mouse cerebellum. The expression of adhesion molecules was measured and visualized by western blot and IHC respectively. To clarify the contribution of protein values to the targeted cells, qRT-PCR was carried out on whole cerebellum and isolated PCs and BGCs from two different postnatal days. It is speculated that the characteristics of all four studied CAMs along with profile of their expression in BGCs strongly supports the possibility of BGCs-PCs connection at P2 and P7. However, the migration of BGCs as a carrier of PCs seems to be differently affected by the CAM members. Among all studied CAMs only the expression pattern of Ncam1 and Cdh4 is more in line with my hypothesis. Therefore, it is concluded that Ncam1 and Cdh4 are potentially involved in BGCs-PCs attachment, regulating the coupled migration and forming PCs monolayer in cerebellar cortex.
Sulfur‐based functional groups in agrochemistry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The element sulfur has an outstanding role in the crop protection chemistry because it is used in its elemental form as a multisite fungicide, but is also part of agrochemicals in the form of aromatic or aliphatic sulfur‐containing rings or sulfur‐based functional groups. This review gives an exhaustive overview over the latter category. Several fundamental agrochemical compound classes are named after a sulfur‐based functionality, such as the dithiocarbamate fungicides and sulfonylurea herbicides. Altogether, 16 different sulfur‐based functional groups are presented with their typical synthesis approaches and most important representatives in crop protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Unusable Pasts: Life-Writing, Literary Nonfiction, and the Case of Demetrios Tsafendas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On September 6, 1966, a parliamentary messenger named Demitrios Tsafendas stabbed to death Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd in full view of South Africa’s all-white House of Assembly. Tsafendas, the apartheid judiciary soon declared, was insane and without political motive: “a meaningless creature” who had acted on instructions from a tapeworm inside him. Often written off as a “freakish footnote” within the liberation story, his unsettled and complex life has nonetheless compelled a wide range of literary and artistic treatments: from memoir and microhistory to avant-garde fiction and filmic montage. Concentrating on Henk Van Woerden’s (auto) biography A Mouthful of Glass (1998, trans. 2000) and Penny Siopis’s short film Obscure White Messenger (2010) hope to explore what valence one can give to avowedly speculative or formally experimental encounters with the archive and to trace how such a “useless life” (in the words of a presiding judge) might disclose the uncanny remains of South African history.
Parenting in poverty: Perspectives of high-risk parents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parents considered high risk by child protection services commonly are striving to raise children in poverty but are identified as requiring improved parenting skills. Parent perceptions of their own needs are typically not sought or elicited. This longitudinal study of 35 parents over 18 months garnered 115 in-depth interviews focusing on parent views regarding barriers to effective parenting. Analysis indicated that parents uniformly identified poverty as the primary barrier to their capacity to provide adequate care for their children. Themes elicited indicated that financially parents were living precariously close to margins of defeat. Parents accepted personal responsibility for their economic and parental failings, equating no income with bad parenting. Depression and despair associated with poverty were acknowledged to impair parenting and increase self-doubt about parenting capacity. Experiences with social services generally led to low expectations of parenting assistance. The need for improved aid for impoverished parents is discussed.
Influence of the Audit Committee, Independence of the Audit Committee, Audit Tenure and Profitability on Audit Report Lag

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The research formulation is how the audit committee, audit committee independence, audit tenure and profitability affect audit report lag in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017-2020. This study aims to analyze the effect of the audit committee, audit committee independence, audit tenure and profitability on audit report lag in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017-2020. The research population includes companies that experience delays in financial reporting in 2020, according to the announcement released by the IDX. Sampling using purposive sampling method, and obtained 15 companies as research samples. The data analysis method used is logistic regression analysis. Audit report lag is the time span required to complete the audit of the company's annual financial statements. Many factors can affect the occurrence of audit report lag in a company. The results of the study prove that audit tenure has an effect on audit report lag. Meanwhile, the audit committee, the independence of the audit committee, and partial profitability have no effect on audit report lag. All independent research variables simultaneously affect the audit report lag. The audit committee, audit committee independence, audit tenure, and profitability have an influence on the audit report lag of 37.8%, while 62.2% is influenced by other factors outside the research variables.
SH534850.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The Effects of Sinapis Semen, Raphani Semen, and mixture decoction on the Asthmatic Mouse Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives : To clarify the possible effects of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a asthmatic mouse model. Methods : BALBav/c mice were sensitized to OVA followed intratracheally and by aerosol allergene challenges. We investigated the effect of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen on airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophiic infitratio, immune cell phenotype, The2 cytokine product, and OVA-spedific IgE production. Results : Total lung cells, eosinophils, and lung leukocytes, OVA specific IgE levels, and Th 2cytokine levels such as IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-alpha, and eotaxin in BALF were reduced compared with those of OVA sensitized asthma mice (control). The absolute numbers of $CD3^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD3^-/CCR3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $B220^+/CD22^+$, $B220^+/IgE^+$ cells in lung tissiues significantly reduced compared to those of control. Specially total lung cells in BALF and the absolute number of $CD3^+/CD69^+$ and, $B220^+/IgE^+$ cells in lung tissiue effectively reduced in Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen compared to those of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen. Conclusions : These results indicate that Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen has deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in asmatic mouse model and also has effect of suppression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, OVA specific IgE production in BALF. The results verified that Sinapis Semen, Raphani Semen, and Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen could act as a immunomodulator which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic property by modulating the relationship of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance.
The quantum refrigerator: The quest for absolute zero

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The scaling of the optimal cooling power of a reciprocating quantum refrigerator is sought as a function of the cold bath temperature as $T_c \to 0$. The working medium consists of noninteracting particles in a harmonic potential. Two closed-form solutions of the refrigeration cycle are analyzed, and compared to a numerical optimization scheme, focusing on cooling toward zero temperature. The optimal cycle is characterized by linear relations between the heat extracted from the cold bath, the energy level spacing of the working medium and the temperature. The scaling of the optimal cooling rate is found to be proportional to $T_c^{3/2}$ giving a dynamical interpretation to the third law of thermodynamics.
Model-based control strategies in the dynamic interaction of air supply and fuel cell

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Model-based control strategies are utilized to analyse and optimize the transient behaviour of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system consisting of air and fuel supply subsystems, a perfect air/fuel humidifier and a fuel cell stack at constant fuel cell temperature. The model is used to analyse the control of the fuel cell system with respect to maintaining a necessary level of oxygen partial pressure in the cathode during abrupt changes in the current demanded by the user. Maintaining the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode is necessary to prevent short circuit and membrane damage. The results obtained indicate that the oxygen level in the cathode can be successfully maintained through feedforward control of the air compressor motor voltage. However, the net power provided by the fuel cell system is compromised during the transients following abrupt changes in the stack current, suggesting a need for power management via the use of a secondary power source such as a battery.
Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave LIDAR and 3D Imaging by Using Linear Frequency Modulation Based on Injection Locking

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose and demonstrate a frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, which employs double-sideband modulation combining with injection-locking to generate triangular linear frequency modulation light source. A fiber laser working as master laser is modulated by a Mach-Zehnder modulator to produce two first-order sidebands with tuning range of 8-14 GHz, one of which is extracted and amplified by a slave distributed feedback laser. A large carrier suppression ratio up to 20 dB is realized. The experiment results show the spatial resolution of the proposed LiDAR is 2.5 cm, equaling to the theoretical value. The velocity measurement is also performed by extracting Doppler shift. Finally, by combining the proposed LiDAR with 2-axis mechanical galvanometer scanner, the 3D imaging with high precision is realized, and the real scene is well restored. The proposed LiDAR system realizes pure linear frequency modulation without complex linearization algorithm or clock sampling circuit, and has advantages of simple structure and high precision.
Acromegalic Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder that carries a significant burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in acromegaly lead to the characteristic cardiovascular manifestations of this disease. One hallmark feature of the disease is acromegalic cardiomyopathy, a syndrome of progressive cardiac dysfunction characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the very advanced stage. In this article, we review the current concepts regarding the pathophysiology of acromegalic cardiomyopathy and discuss the various risk factors for its development. We also explore the question of whether the alterations in cardiac function are reversible with successful biochemical control of growth hormone excess either medically or surgically.
Illicit drug availability in rural areas and attitudes toward their use - young people talking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Two hundred and seventy-four young people from a variety of back grounds throughout Lincolnshire took part in 35 focus groups to discuss the availability of illicit drugs in the area and attitudes towards their use. They reported that many drugs were freely available and accessible throughout the county, especially cannabis, LSD, ecstasy and am phetamines. For many young people, use of drugs especially cannabis was regarded as the norm among their peers, and was mostly considered less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. Risks of drug use were acknowledged but considered acceptable by many young people. The development of drug prevention strategies should pay heed to these views.
An Empirical Research of Effect on Term Structure by Macroeconomic Factors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, on the basis of studying the internal movement mode of yield curve, three main factors are extracted by using principal component analysis model to explain the morphological changes of Treasury bond yield. External influence of economic variables is analyzed by adding macroeconomic variables and constructing multiple linear regression model. Finally, insignificant variables are eliminated through stepwise regression. The results show that the change of three factors can explain more than 90% of the movement of Treasury yield curve. Moreover, monetary policy has significant influence on the change of yield curve, while real economy behavior and price behavior have no significant influence on the change of yield curve.
Ischiopagus Tetrapus Twins: Urological Aspects of Separation and 10-Year Followup

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conjoined twins occur once in 50,000 births. Only 6% of conjoined twins are of the ischiopagus type in which the twins are joined symmetrically at the pelvis and fusion begins at the level of the common umbilicus. The longitudinal axis extends in a straight line in opposite directions and the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts are shared. Tetrapus is a subtype in which all 4 lower extremities are present and oriented at right angles to the axis of the common trunk. Two sets of female ischiopagus tetrapus twins were born in 1977 and successfully separated at the St. Louis Children's Hospital in the following year. We describe the genitourinary and associated anomalies, surgical separation and long-term urological followup of these 2 sets of ischiopagus tetrapus twins.
JAK2 V617F‐positive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML): a comparison between de novo AML and secondary AML transformed from an underlying myeloproliferative neoplasm. A study from the Bone Marrow Pathology Group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The JAK2 V617F mutation is characteristic of most Philadelphia chromosome‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and occurs rarely in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We sought to characterize AMLs that harbour this mutation and distinguish those that arise de novo (AML‐DN) from those that reflect transformation of an underlying MPN (AML‐MPN). Forty‐five patients with JAK2 V617F‐mutated AML were identified; 15 were AML‐DN and 30 were AML‐MPN. AML‐MPN cases were more likely to have splenomegaly ( P = 0·02), MPN‐like megakaryocytes and higher mean JAK2 V617F VAF at diagnosis ( P = 0·04). Mutations involving TET2 were exclusively identified in AML‐DN patients. Mutations of genes affecting DNA methylation were more common in AML‐DN ( P < 0·01). A complex karyotype was more frequent in AML‐MPN cases than in AML‐DN ( P < 0·01), with AML‐DN more likely to display a normal karyotype ( P = 0·02). Bone marrow histology after recovery from induction chemotherapy in AML‐DN cases revealed no morphological evidence of any previously occult MPNs, while this was evident in most of the AML‐MPN specimens ( P < 0·01). These findings in this largest study of JAK2 V617F‐mutated AMLs indicate that AML‐DN is distinct from AML‐MPN.