jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Growing Together: Participatory Approaches in Urban Agriculture Extension

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Urban agriculture offers a compelling set of benefits to urban residents, but also faces unique socio-ecological challenges because of its urban setting (e.g., urban soil contamination, city zoning, etc.). Increasing Land-Grant University Extension services for urban farms and gardens is one strategy for supporting these producers and their contributions to the urban environment. Notably, the growth of urban agriculture programming within US Extension systems has paralleled a push for more participatory and inclusive community engagement approaches within Extension, particularly in the area of developing local, community, and regional food systems. As a programmatic area, urban agriculture offers opportunities for Extension to engage new audiences, collaborate through new partnerships, and address issues of social equity in the food system. In this chapter, we review participatory extension approaches and show how they have been applied to urban agriculture through five US Extension case studies. A nationwide survey of Extension personnel working on local, community, and regional food systems conducted in 2015 informed the selection of case studies. These examples demonstrate how urban agroecological knowledge and networks are being developed and applied, and suggest directions for future Extension work.
Investigating the skills of HighResMIP in capturing historical and future mean precipitation shifts over Pakistan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Climatic change over the globe due to global warming affects the characteristics of climate variables that have critical implications on large fraction of population that depends on agriculture for livelihood like Pakistan. Consequently, this study examined how high horizontal grid resolution CMIP6 models simulate the observed precipitation variability during 1981–2014 and further explored the future changes during 2017–2050 under high emission scenario SSP5‐8.5 over Pakistan region. The performances of 12 (CMIP6) High Resolution Model Inter‐comparison Project version 1.0 (hereafter; HighResMIP) GCMs and their ensemble means in reproducing the observed climate were calculated at each station in the study domain and formed the basis for deriving HighResMIP ranking. Further, the study employed Shannon's Entropy and a modified version of Criteria Importance through Inter‐Criteria Correlation (D‐CRITIC) method to build an ensemble mean from the best performing models. Evaluation of HighResMIP GCMs performance revealed that most models showed mixed signals in the region, with fewer models such as HadGEM3‐GC31‐HH, HadGEM3‐GC31‐HM and HadGEM3‐GC31‐MM showing good agreement with the observed precipitation. Overall, HighResMIP multi‐model ensemble outperforms precipitation distribution over individual models. D‐CRITIC based ensemble mean implies higher increase in precipitation than entropy approach. Future changes depict an increase in mean annual in the northern region relative to the historical period. A pronounced increase of about 16%–18% in precipitation was noted in HadGEM3‐GC31‐HH and HiRAM‐SIT‐HR. Conversely, FGOAL‐f3‐H project noteworthy reduction (21%) in precipitation in the near future (2017–2050). The projected seasonal precipitation shows upsurge pattern of 5%–28% in pre‐monsoon season, whereas the reduction in monsoon precipitation is projected to be 29%–40%. The findings of this study can help in building future climate resilience and developing strategic policies in Pakistan.
Urban greenery management problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we look at the urban greenery management as a principal-agent (PA) problem. PA problems arise whenever the management of activity requires cooperation of at least twohierarchical levels. In the case analysed in this paper, the city mayor (the higher level) wants to maximise the pollution-mitigation capacity of trees planted; the greenery manager (the lower level) wants tomaximise the municipal budget devoted to planting trees subject to some constraints on the outcomeof this activity. While the higher level wants certain services to be delivered in the future actually, thelower level is interested in the potential benefits provided by the most attractive tree species, eventhough they will be delivered only partially and probably in the short run only. As a result, the speciescomposition of trees planted is different from what it would have been if the PA model implementedwas incentive compatible.
The Role of the Guide Field in Relativistic Pair Plasma Reconnection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the role of the guide field in relativistic magnetic reconnection in a Harris current sheet of pair ($e^{\pm}$) plasmas, using linear theories and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Two-dimensional PIC simulations exhibit the guide field dependence to the linear instabilities; the tearing or reconnection modes are relatively insensitive, while the relativistic drift-kink instability (RDKI), the fastest mode in a relativistic current sheet, is stabilized by the guide field. Particle acceleration in the nonlinear stage is also investigated. A three-dimensional PIC simulation demonstrates that the current sheet is unstable to the RDKI, although small reconnection occurs in the deformed current sheet. Another three-dimensional PIC simulation with a guide field demonstrates a completely different scenario. Secondary magnetic reconnection is triggered by nonlinear coupling of oblique instabilities, which we call the relativistic drift-sausage tearing instability. Therefore, particle acceleration by relativistic guide field reconnection occurs in three-dimensional configuration. Based on the plasma theories, we discuss an important role of the guide field: to enable non-thermal particle acceleration by magnetic reconnection.
El pluralismo jurídico como aporte a la construcción de respeto y observancia a los derechos de la naturaleza en Ecuador (Tema Central)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nature, the generator of the essential elements to sustain life on the planet, seems limited in terms of conceptualization within formal regulations. Through constitutional recognition of the rights of nature, Ecuador develops constitutional precepts that are not complemented by hierarchically inferior laws. The Ecuadorian Amazon, being part of the most important ecosystem on the planet, becomes a vital territory for the application of human rights, which has a fundamental importance in the essential elements to sustain life at a global level, such as water. This situation becomes more relevant because the constitution recognizes water as a human right. In the territories, that form part of the Andes mountain range and the Amazon basin within the Ecuadorian jurisdiction live native peoples and nationalities whose ways of life linked to different ecosystems have allowed them to develop their legal systems. These have been violated by extractive activities permitted by secondary regulations hierarchically inferior to the constitution and international treaties and conventions. In this context, this work contributes, based on the conceptualization analysis, to identify the need to build a path to face the vulnerability of the human being as part of a world in danger of extinction.
Christopher Markiewicz, The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Les travaux sur les évolutions idéologiques du xve siècle et sur le rôle des savants dans ces évolutions demeurant assez rares, la parution en 2019 de l’ouvrage de Christopher Markiewicz n’en est que plus importante. L’auteur évoque le sujet, assez mal connu, des circulations savantes entre les cours timouride d’Hérat, Aq Qoyunlu de Tabriz et ottomane d’Istanbul. Spécialiste d’histoire politique et intellectuelle de l’Empire ottoman entre les xive et xviie siècles à l’université de Birmingham...
Diabetic neuroarthropathy with spontaneous peritalar fracture-dislocation. A report of two cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Two cases of diabetic subtalar neuropathy with spontaneous fracture-dislocation have been described.

2. Successful triple arthrodesis in a diabetic neuroarthropathic foot, with occupational rehabilitation of a practical nurse during a forty-month follow-up, is reported.
A27 Lipid metabolism modulates polyglutamine-induced toxicity phenotypes though proteostasis in C. elegans

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction

Huntington disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of CAG triplets in the huntingtin gene. Mutant huntingtin has a polyglutamine (polyQ) track which makes it prone-to-aggregation. HD patients present motor symptoms, cognitive impairment, and psychological deterioration. Moreover, they experience lipidic dysregulation, resulting in weight loss. Results previously obtained in our laboratory using C. elegans HD models revealed that some molecules involved in fat metabolism (fat-6/SCD5, nhr-80/HNF4 etc.) have an impact on proteostasis altering PolyQ aggregation patterns, possibly through pathways such as autophagy and oxidative stress response. Fat-6, a stearoyl-CoA-9-desaturase, is activated by nhr-80 and has a role in the lipid biosynthesis pathway in worms catalysing the desaturation of stearic acid (C18:0) into oleic acid (C18:1). These lipids and their metabolism are key factors to a wide range of cellular processes involved in health maintenance.

Aim

We aim to evaluate how lipid metabolism intermediators modulate polyQs-induced toxicity phenotypes.

Methods

We used genetics and cell signalling techniques to evaluate aggregation, toxicity, oxidative stress, and behavioural phenotypes.

Results

Ablation of fat-6 enhances polyQs aggregation in muscle cells and neurons, and it has a negative impact on motor responses. Surprisingly, loss of nhr-80 induced the contrary effect on both scenarios, which suggest a complex network of regulation.

Conclusions

We show that lipid metabolism mediators, (i.e. fat-6 and nhr-80), have an impact on polyQ-induced toxicity phenotypes. Since fats regulate proteostais through autophagy and other processes, we suggest these pathways may have a role on polyQ related diseases and may be potentials targets for treatment.
[Study of functional connectivity during anesthesia based on sparse partial least squares].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Anesthesia consciousness monitoring is an important issue in basic neuroscience and clinical applications, which has received extensive attention. In this study, in order to find the indicators for monitoring the state of clinical anesthesia, a total of 14 patients undergoing general anesthesia were collected for 5 minutes resting electroencephalogram data under three states of consciousness (awake, moderate and deep anesthesia). Sparse partial least squares (SPLS) and traditional synchronized likelihood (SL) are used to calculate brain functional connectivity, and the three conscious states before and after anesthesia were distinguished by the connection features. The results show that through the whole brain network analysis, SPLS and traditional SL method have the same trend of network parameters in different states of consciousness, and the results obtained by SPLS method are statistically significant ( P<0.05). The connection features obtained by the SPLS method are classified by the support vector machine, and the classification accuracy is 87.93%, which is 7.69% higher than that of the connection feature classification obtained by SL method. The results of this study show that the functional connectivity based on the SPLS method has better performance in distinguishing three kinds of consciousness states, and may provides a new idea for clinical anesthesia monitoring.
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices among Residents of Buari Ishola Isibo in Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Waste management is of crucial concern for public health. Inadequate solid waste management heightens the morbidity and mortality in various ways. In many developing countries, the development of waste management has not kept up with the rapid urbanization and growing consumption and has therefore grown to a big problem. The increasing difficulty in managing wastes in Nigeria has become one of the most intractable environmental issues.
Towards Goal-Oriented Business Process Model Repair

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Process mining is a technology that extracts useful information from event logs output from information systems and utilizes it for business process analysis. Conventional process mining approaches do not take into account information about organizational goals, and thus may output process models that inhibit the goal of the organization, for example, "to reduce cost". To solve such problems, goal-oriented process discovery method was proposed as an existing research. On the other hand, one of the methods to generate process models is process model repair. This method uses a process model and an event log as input, and repairs the existing process model to reproduce all the behaviors observed in the event log. However, the existing process model repair methods do not take into account the information about goals. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a goal-oriented process model repair method. It is easy to visually identify and compare which parts of the existing process model satisfy the goal satisfaction and which parts do not satisfy the goal. In addition, the structure of the model is simpler and closer to the initial model, and its effectiveness can be demonstrated. The effectiveness of the model was confirmed by experimental results.
Orthotropic Behavior of Lumber Composite Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Elasticity properties were evaluated with respect to the various commercial types of composite lumber. The study included laminated veneer lumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The experimental study was designed to better characterize the elasticity properties of these increasingly important structural composite lumber (SCL) materials. Experimental efforts for SCL material characterization were performed applying the five-point bending test (FPBT) and torsional stiffness measurement test (TSMT) evaluation methodologies. FPBT provided simultaneous solution for both modulus of elasticity (E) and modulus of rigidity (G). TSMT was employed to derive both the in-plane and through-the-thickness shear moduli from a singular test scheme. Further investigation focused on axial tests under tensile and compressive loading conditions for determinations of longitudinal and transverse elastic moduli (i.e., E 1 and E 2 ) combined with in-plane Poisson ratio ( v 12 ). Presented are the descriptive statistics of the SCL elasticity data as are comparisons to the orthotropic behavior of solid wood.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI, DAN KARAKTER EKSEKUTIF TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PAJAK

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to test empirically the effect of the independent variable on thevariabel dependent variable. In this study, the independent variable is firm size,accounting conservatism, and executive character, while the dependentvariable is tax management as measured by the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). Thepopulation of this study uses mining companies listed on the Indonesia StockExchange (BEI) in 2016-2019. The method used was purposive sampling withcertain criteria, which resulted in a sample of 45 data samples. The type of dataused is secondary data. The data analysis used descriptive statistic, classicassumption test, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis testing usingSPSS 25 software. The results of this study indicate that firm size andaccounting conservatism have no effect on tax management, while executivecharacter has an effect on tax management.
Japanese Economy After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

After a sharp contraction in the economic activity in 2008-2009 (the biggest economic slump in Japan after World War II), the Japanese economy started to recover in 2010. The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 brought Japan's recovery to a halt. It ruined vast parts of Japan's north-eastern coastal areas and damaged key infrastructure. It was one of the most destructive earthquakes in all of the Japanese history. This article focuses on the Japanese economy and its development in 2010-2012. It pays special attention to the economic impact of the earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 (damage to private capital and public infrastructure, electricity shortages, supply chain disruptions, decline in production and exports, etc.). The aim of this study is to recapitulate and analyse the development of the Japanese economy in 2010-2012 and to analyse both the immediate and long-term impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Japanese economy. It focuses on the government countermeasures and new economic strategies with respect to the latest natural disaster.
Antidepressant treatment of binge-eating disorder: research findings and clinical guidelines.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Binge-eating disorder, characterized by recurrent eating binges without purging, affects a large number of individuals, especially among participants in weight loss programs. Recent studies have suggested that antidepressants, particularly serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, may be effective in the treatment of binge-eating disorder. This paper reviews the findings of these studies and offers clinical guidelines for the use of antidepressants in binge-eating disorder.
Earnings and Benefits

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This section uses two measures of earnings: the median weekly earnings of full-time workers and the median annual earnings of full-time workers who worked year round. By either measure, and taking inflation into account, the earnings of America’s working women have been increasing. However, black women continue to earn considerably less than Asian/Pacific Islander and white women do, and Hispanic women have the lowest earnings of all.
Facile and Robust High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Electronic Waste for Self‐Powered Electronics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The widespread adoption of electronic devices has led to a dramatic increase in electronic waste (e‐waste), posing significant environmental, human health, economic, and data security concerns while also exacerbating landfill waste. Effective e‐waste management strategies are crucial for maintaining a sustainable planet. This article explores the upcycling of e‐waste using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology for electricity generation. Specifically, with straightforward procedures, the organic photoconductor (OPC) drum from printer cartridge waste is modified and incorporated as the positive triboelectric layer in the present TENG design. The fabricated OPC‐TENG, featuring the OPC drum sheet and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) pair, exhibits promising performance metrics: an open‐circuit voltage of ≈492 V, a short‐circuit current of 138 μA, and a power density of 4.6 W m − 2 . Moreover, its capability to continuously operate digital watch and calculator with an integrated energy management circuit is demonstrated. The simplicity of the fabrication process, coupled with the significant energy output of the device, underscores its potential for self‐powered applications. These findings highlight a pathway towards harnessing e‐waste for sustainable energy production and revolutionizing e‐waste management, contributing to a greener and more energy‐efficient future.
Preparation and photocatalytic property of electrospun nano-TiO2/poly(methylmethacrylate) nanofibres

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nano-TiO2/poly(methylmethacrylate) nanofibres were prepared by electrospinning with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and anatase nano-TiO2 as main materials which were blended mechanically and dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethyl ethanoate (EA) solvent. The nanofibres morphologies and physical states were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TG), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that when the content of TiO2 was 5%, nano-TiO2/poly(methylmethacrylate) nanofibres had the minimum average diameter which was 409 nm. Results from FTIR, XRD and TG suggested that anatase nano-TiO2 had been successfully introduced to the PMMA matrix and TiO2/PMMA nanofibres had good thermal stability within 300 °C. Results from UV–Vis suggested that when 10% of anatase nano-TiO2 was added, the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange was 50% higher than that of pure PMMA nanofibres under sunlight irradiation for 5 h.
Destination Marketing And Management: Theories And Applications

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Most tourism activities take place at a destination, and destination serves as a fundamental unit of analysis in any modelling of the tourism system. However, destination marketing and management is a complex subject that requires a comprehensive, holistic and systematic approach. From the demand side, travellers have a choice of available destinations; from the supply side, destination marketing organizations are competing for attention from a highly competitive marketplace. Taking an integrated and comprehensive approach, this book focuses on both the macro and micro aspects of destination marketing and management. Some key areas covered include the consumer decision making process, product development and distribution and the use of emerging technologies in destination marketing. © CAB International 2011. All rights reserved.