jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In Defense of Monopoly

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Monopoly often only an attempt to solve a problem, 524. — The "classical" argument against monopoly, 525. — Its limitations, 525. — The rôle of deflation in the development of monopoly, 527. — Price flexibility and spiral effects, 530. — Wages and employment, 533. — The fear of deflation, 534. — Saving, 536. — Competition vs. deflation, 537. — Non-price competition, 538. — Advertising, 540. — Control of deflation, 540. — Other grounds for monopolistic trends, 541.
Varietal Identification and Seed Quality Estimation through Biochemical Characterisation of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was conducted during kharif of 2021 at College of Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal of VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, to investigate the biochemical characteristics of different varieties of amaranth.The laboratory experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications comprising seven varieties to assess the seed quality and biochemical characters of grain amaranth.In laboratory condition, the seed quality attributes under standard germination test ,viz., germination percentage, seedling total length, seedling fresh and dry weight,and seedling vigour indices were recorded higher with the treatmentT5(PRA-2).Under stress test,viz., accelerate ageing, cold test and water sensitivity test, significantly higher value of seed quality parameters were recorded with the treament T6(PRA-3).On the basis of this investigation, it could be concluded that treatments T4 (PRA-1), T5(PRA-2), T6(PRA-3) and T7(Annapurna)are performing overall better for biochemical and seed quality of amaranth.
Practice Expenses and Ancillary Help

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Stochastic reaction networks are a popular modeling framework for biochemical processes that treat the molecular copy numbers within a single cell as a continuous time Markov chain, whose forward Chapman-Kolmogorov equation is known in biochemistry literature as the chemical master equation (CME). The solution of the CME contains extremely useful information that can be compared to experimental data in order to improve the quantitative understanding of biochemical reaction networks within the cell. However, this solution is costly to compute as it requires integrating an enormous system of differential equations that grows exponentially with the number of chemical species. To address this issue, we introduce a novel multiple-sinks Finite State Projection algorithm that approximates the CME with an adaptive sequence of reduced-order models with an effecient parallelization based on MPI. The implementation is tested on models of sizable state spaces using a high-performance computing node on Amazon Web Services, showing favorable scalability.
Orthostatic hypertension with nephroptosis and aortitis disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• A 53-year-old woman with nephroptosis and aortitis disease was found also to have orthostatic hypertension. When standing, she had high renin levels and normal catecholamine values, with a reduced baroreflex sensitivity. This orthostatic hypertension largely may be due to an activation of the renin system caused by nephroptosis and partly due to a reduced baroreflex sensitivity caused by aortitis. Captopril and propranolol hydrochloride were effective for the treatment of hypertension. (Arch Intern Med1984;144:152-154)
Effect of the fines content on the seismic response of a liquefiable deposit based on dilatometer tests

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the simplified methods for estimating the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) based on the flat dilatometer test (DMT), the liquefaction triggering curve is defined as a function of the horizontal stress index. A DMT-based calibration of a simplified pore water pressure model for effective stress analyses has been also recently proposed by Chiaradonna et al. (2023), even though limited to an ideal clean sand. This paper aims to explore the effects of the fines content on the seismic response of a liquefiable site where the cyclic strength of the soils is estimated by dilatometer tests. This evaluation is firstly performed on an ideal one-dimensional soil column, where the percentage of fines content is parametrically changed. Then, the study is verified on a real case, by considering a well-investigated site located in the Emilia-Romagna plain (Italy), where widespread liquefaction occurred in the 2012 seismic sequence. Indeed, a comprehensive site characterization from previous in-situ and laboratory tests carried out by various research groups is available for sand, silty sand, and sandy silt deposits encountered in that area. The nonlinear dynamic analyses accounting for the fines content effect are compared with that obtained by adopting the calibration procedure based on laboratory tests. Guidelines and limitations of the proposed approach obtained from this study are useful in providing awareness to practitioners about the calibration strategies for dynamic analysis based on DMT-tests.
The metabolic interrelationship and physicochemical analysis of C-reactive protein and hepatic catalase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary The relationship of the appearance of rabbit Cx-reactive protein (CxRP) and the depression of enzymatic activity of hepatic catalase in rabbits following 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) administration has been examined sequentially. A rapid depletion of rabbit hepatic catalase was accompanied by a corresponding appearance of CxRP in the serum of AT-treated animals. Conversely, the restoration of catalatic activity resulted in a disappearance of CxRP. Similar relationships were obtained following subcutaneous talc or Freund9s adjuvant injections of Swiss mice. In addition, the antigenic relationship of human C-reactive protein (CRP) to mouse acute phase protein (M-APP) was shown in double diffusion tests with sheep anti-CRP antiserum (S-CRPA). Physical-chemical evidence which suggests a close relationship of CRP and human hepatic catalase (HHC) is presented. This is shown by a striking similarity in tryptic peptide maps of CRP and HHC following highvoltage paper electrophoresis. Additionally, CxRP incorporated into tissue culture medium containing rabbit liver slices enhanced the catalatic activity and reversed significantly the inhibitory effect of AT. It is suggested that the appearance of CRP may represent changes in metabolic events of the oxidative system, specifically that of catalase.
The Dynamics of Expansion to Emerging Markets: Evidence from Canadian Exporters

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the expansion patterns of C anadian firms towards emerging markets. A unique large‐scale longitudinal (1997–2004) dataset which includes 2600 C anadian exporters is constructed by linking multiple administrative databases at Statistics C anada. Our results suggest traditional sequential exporting patterns do not apply to all C anadian exporters. Since 2001, there has been an increasing trend among a new generation of exporters to target emerging markets as their initial export destination; and both macroeconomic and firm‐specific factors seem to account for this development. Compared with foreign‐controlled firms, C anadian‐controlled firms are less likely to export to the emerging markets. In order to successfully expand into emerging markets, C anadian firms have had to improve their productivity and reduce their labor costs.
The Practicality of the Blended Learning Model to Increase Cadets’ Activeness in Makassar Aviation Polytechnic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The practicality of the blended learning model to increase cadets' activeness at Makassar Aviation Polytechnic is very effective.The model can be used as an alternative learning model to fulfill learning development and improve cadets' competencies.The development of the learning model in this research is a combination of models Plomp (1997); Dick & Carey (2005); Joyce et al. (2004).Plomp's model was used for the research and development stage of the model, Dick & Carey for instructional design, and Joyce et al. for model content.If the Va value falls within the "minimum valid" range, it can be assumed that the criteria used have a sufficient degree of validity and the instrument can be put to good use; similarly, if the percentage of agreements (PA) with the criteria for the tool sheet is greater than or equal to 0.70, the instrument can be considered reliable.The results of this study are the practicality of a valid, practical, and effective blended learning model to increase the cadets' activeness in learning both in individual and group discussion activities, analyzing information, being creative in solving problems, creating a way to solve problems, and using varied learning resources.
Global Ischemia Increases the Density of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Porcine Cardiac Sarcolemma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this work was to determine whether normothermic global cardiac ischemia in a porcine model was associated with a change in the density (Bmax) of voltage-dependent calcium channels in myocardial sarcolemmal membranes. Pigs were anesthetized, a thoracotomy was performed, and samples were taken of the left and right ventricles from control and ischemic hearts. Dihydropyridine-binding sites were quantified using [(3) H]isradipine, and 5 prime-nucleotidase activity was measured by the liberation of inorganic phosphate from adenosine monophosphate. B (max) and dissociation constants and 5 prime-nucleotidase activity for control and ischemic tissues, respectively, were compared by using Student's t-test for unpaired samples. After normothermic global ischemia, the Bmax of [(3) H]isradipine binding increased in the left ventricle by 81% (299% +/- 1.7% to 540% +/- 11% fmoles/mg, P < 0.01) and in the right ventricle by 33% (387% +/- 9.9% to 515% +/- 38% fmoles/mg, P < 0.01) compared with control. 5 prime-nucleotidase activity increased by 48% in the left ventricle and by 96% in the right ventricle (p < 0.05). Fifteen minutes of normothermic ischemia in the pig is associated with marked sarcolemmal abnormalities, including increases in specific dihydropyridine binding and 5 prime-nucleotidase activity, which reflect global changes in membrane function, which might contribute to the increase in myoplasmic calcium during ischemia. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:972-5)
Value Added Trade Restrictiveness Indexes. Measuring Protection with Global Value Chains.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this work we build on Anderson and Neary (1996; 2005) insight and extend the set of ‘trade restrictiveness indexes’ in order to account for the rising of the international fragmentation of production in Global Value Chains. This is done by incorporating the factor content approach of Neary and Schweinberger (1986) into a behavioral model of tariff aggregation, and extending it to a value-added framework. We define the reference criteria for the equivalent impact of trade policies using the decomposition methods proposed in macro approaches by recent value added in trade literature. The index is construct in such a way to distinguish, at the bilateral level, the domestic and the foreign (bilateral or indirect) value added content in the importing country. In our comparative static analysis, we adapt and extend the code and data of a newly developed version of the GTAP model with sourcing of imports by agent, in order to implement the value added decomposition of trade flows. The overall protectionist stance is then measured in terms of value added rather than with reference to the more traditional metrics, such as gross trade.
Global Gevrey solvability for a class of involutive systems on the torus

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let L_j={\partial}/{\partial t_j}+(a_j+ib_j)(t_j){\partial}/{\partial x} , j=1,\ldots,n , be a system of complex vector fields defined on the (n+1) -dimensional torus, where a_j and b_j are real-valued functions belonging to the Gevrey class G^s(\mathbb{T}^1) , s > 1 . We present a complete characterization to the global s -solvability of this system in terms of diophantine properties of the coefficients and the Nirenberg–Treves condition (P).
Leveraging Axiomatic Design and Research Information Systems to Promote Research Outcomes at Public Universities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the ever-stringent regulatory standards and financial pressure imposed by governments worldwide, public universities are striving to produce and deliver high quality knowledge by leveraging various organizational and technological tools. Despite their prominence and proliferation, research information management systems (RIMS) cover only the research management life-cycle of the institution and thereby presume that the scholars are actively engaged in research and are committed to feeding the system with accurate research data, which may not be the case at public universities. In this paper, we propose to leverage Axiomatic Design and Research Information Systems to support the entire research production life-cycle. The architecture of the proposed system is described in terms of a set of software modules, which may be incorporated into an open-source or a commercial Current Research Information System (CRIS). This will extend the CRIS functionality to cover the research production life-cycle in addition to the research management life-cycle making it well suited for developing research capacity at public universities.
Near-infrared Real-Time Trace NH3 Sensor Based on WM-OA-ICOS and EEMD Assisted Optical Denoising

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a near-infrared NH3 sensor is developed using Wave-length Modulated Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (WM-OA-ICOS) technology. Design a cavity with a length of 15 cm and an effective absorption diameter of 330.5 m. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) algorithm is adopted as the spectra preprocessing method to reduce the noise, and Allan deviation analysis is conducted by comparing the original signal. It is found that the limit of detection (LoD) of the sensor could reach ~1.54 ppb with an integration time of 43 s. The concentration calibration experiment shows that the sensor can achieve double range. To enhance accuracy and sensitivity in NH3 concentration inversion, the Cuckoo Search algorithm with the Elman neural network (CS-Elman) was designed. Through experimental validation, the sensor achieves rapid detection of trace NH3. The outstanding performance of the NH3 detection device in monitoring trace gases has been demonstrated by field deployment trials.
Treatment System Adaptations during War: Lessons from Ukrainian Addiction Treatment Providers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The war in Ukraine has posed significant challenges to the healthcare system. This paper draws upon expert consultations, held between December 2022 and February 2023, focused on HIV/AIDS, addiction, and mental health service delivery during the first year of this war, and following the Global Mental Health Humanitarian Coalition panel discussion in May 2022. Objectives: This commentary presents the experiences of frontline healthcare workers in Ukraine, challenges, and local adaptations to meet the increased mental health needs of healthcare providers. We aimed to document the adaptations made in the addiction healthcare system and to acknowledge the changes in vulnerabilities and lessons learned. Results: Burnout among healthcare providers delivering addiction, HIV/AIDS and mental health services became more visible after the second half of 2022. Challenges included increased workload, contextual threats, lack of job relocation strategies, and money-follow-the-patient policies. Recommendations: The lessons from the first year of war in Ukraine hold significant generalizability to other contexts. These include enabling bottom-up approaches to tailoring services and allowing healthcare providers to respond to the dynamics of war in an effective and active manner. Other recommendations include departmental-specific resources and strategies, particularly as vulnerable groups and challenges are unstable in humanitarian contexts. Conclusions: Globally and in Ukraine, healthcare workers need more than applause. Along with monetary incentives, other strategies to prevent burnout, ensure sustainable capacity building, job relocation opportunities, and bespoke adaptations are imperative to protect healthcare providers' wellbeing and overall public health.
Change in advertising exposure of unhealthy commodities after the implementation of outdoor advertising restrictions in Bristol: a descriptive study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

In 2021, Bristol implemented a city-wide policy that restricted advertising of unhealthy commodities on council-owned sites. We aimed to describe advertising exposure before and after the full implementation of the policy in Bristol. We collected data from bus shelters in Bristol (N = 283) and neighbouring South Gloucestershire (SG, comparator, N = 65), using in-person and Google Street View audits, before (T0, 02/2022–07/2022) and after (T1, 04/2023–07/2023 and T2, 11/2023–02/2024) policy implementation. We captured unhealthy commodity adverts on display; high in fat, sugar or salt (HFSS) products (defined using the UK Nutrient Profile Model), alcohol, gambling or payday loans; information on brands; whether they appealed to children or adolescents and split analyses by area deprivation and proximity to schools. At T0, unhealthy commodity advertising in both areas was relatively low, however the policy successfully reduced unhealthy commodity advertising in Bristol at T2 (11.3% to 0.8%), compared to an increase in SG (0.9% to 18.1%). Most restricted adverts in both areas displayed HFSS products (ranging 60–100%), especially fast food, with limited alcohol and gambling and no payday loan advertising observed. A few adverts displaying non-compliant products were maintained in Bristol but advertisers also switched to advertising alternative, compliant products. Minimal unhealthy commodity advertising appealed to children/adolescents (1.1–8.8%) or appeared within 100m of schools (N = 2), and no clear association with area deprivation was found. Findings suggest the need for formal monitoring processes to ensure policy adherence and assess unhealthy commodity advertising in the entire outdoor space to inform potential expansion of the policy.
Acidic pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles as a TLR7/8 agonist delivery platform for cancer immunotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acidic-pH responsive PLGA NPs enhance endo/lysosomal delivery of the TLR7/8 agonist and elicit a stronger anti-tumor T cell response than conventional PLGA NPs.
Cable Shape and Construction Parameters of Triple-Tower Double-Cable Suspension Bridge with Two Asymmetrical Main Spans

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Triple-tower suspension bridges with two asymmetrical main spans can adapt to complicated terrain conditions. If the top and bottom main cables with different sags are used on the two main spans, the longitudinal constraint on the central tower can be significantly improved, which is more conducive to the promotion and application of three-tower suspension bridges. Based on the widely used multisegment catenary theory, this paper proposes an analytical calculation method to determine the main cable shape in three structural states: completed bridge state, under live load action, and free cable state. In the completed bridge state, each span is solved independently, with the longer main span being calculated first. The two main spans and two side spans require an altitude difference closure condition, while the two anchor spans require an altitude difference closure condition and a splay-saddle moment balance condition. Under live load, due to the media effect of tower displacement and splay-saddle rotation, all spans need to be solved simultaneously. In addition to the conditions of altitude difference closure and splay-saddle moment balance, conditions such as span length closure and main cable unstressed length conservation are required. In the free cable state, due to the media effect of the cable saddle preoffset, all spans need to be solved simultaneously. The solution is similar to that under live load, and thus, it only requires minor modifications of the equations corresponding to live load. During the calculation of these main cable shapes, the deformations and internal forces induced by the live load, together with key construction parameters including the unstressed length of the main cable, the saddle preoffset, the elevations of free cable, and the installation positions of cable clamps can also be calculated. The method proposed in this paper is applied to a double-cable suspension bridge spanned as 248 m + 860 m + 1,070 m + 310 m. The cable shape of the completed bridge is determined first. Subsequently, the deformations and internal forces under live load are calculated for two cases: live load covered in the longer main span and live load covered in the shorter main span. Finally, the cable shapes and construction parameters of the two free cable states, that is, the bottom-cable-only state and the double-cable state, are calculated. This example is employed to verify the effectiveness of the approach presented in this paper. Some useful conclusions are also obtained, which lays the foundation for the promotion of this bridge type.
Endpoint Extendible Paths in Dense Graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let G be a graph of order n. A path P of G is extendible if it can be extended to a longer path from one of its two endvertices, otherwise we say P is non-extendible. Let G be a graph of order n. We show that there exists a threshold number s such that every path of order smaller than s is extendible and there exists a non-extendible path of order t for each t ∈ {s,s + 1, · · ·,n} provided G satisfies one of the following three conditions: • d(u) + d(v) ≥ n for any two of nonadjacent vertices u and v. • G is a P4-free 1-tough graph. • G is a connected, locally connected, and K1,3-free graph. 1
Endoscopy Analysis for the Peristaltic Flow of Nanofluids Containing Carbon Nanotubes with Heat Transfer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cu–water nanofluid with carbon nanotubes is considered for the peristaltic flow in an endoscope. The peristaltic flow for nanofluid is modelled considering that the peristaltic rush wave is a sinusoidal wave that propagates along the walls of the tube. The governing equations for the proposed model are simplified by using the assumptions of long-wavelength and low Reynolds number. Exact solutions have been evaluated for velocity, temperature, and pressure gradient. Graphical results for the numerical values of the flow parameters, i.e. Hartmann number M, the solid volume fraction ϕ of the nanoparticles, Grashof number Gr, heat absorption parameter β , and radius of the inner tube ε , have been presented for the pressure difference, frictional forces, velocity profile, and temperature profile, and trapping phenomena have been discussed at the end of the article.