jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
009: FIELD MONITORING OF THE Z BENEFITS FOR BREAST CANCER OF THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH INSURANCE CORPORATION

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Philippine Health Insurance Corporation developed the Z benefits health care package for conditions that are medically and economically catastrophic in order to provide financial protection and reduce out-of-pocket expenses. The Z benefit package for breast cancer provides insurance coverage for stages 0 to IIIA and was implemented in 2012.

Objectives

To determine the direct out-of-pocket expenses (co-payments) and overall satisfaction among patients enrolled in the Z Benefits for breast cancer.

Methods

The database of paid claims was the sampling frame of the study. Participants were identified and trained data collectors conducted patient interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured survey tool. Participants signed an informed consent for an interview, audio and video documentation of feedbacks. Clinical data were extracted from medical records while out-of-pocket expenses were reviewed from statements of account and receipts of services received. Patient satisfaction during surgery, chemotherapy and overall patient satisfaction were validated with the satisfaction questionnaires submitted by the contracted hospitals.

Result

A total of 80 claims for breast cancer using the Z benefit package were identified from July 2012 to August 2014 from five contracted hospitals. Respondents underwent modified radical mastectomy with 50 patients receiving standard adjuvant chemotherapy. During hospital confinement, 41 patients purchased medicines outside the hospital pharmacy. The overall average out-of-pocket expense was at Php 3600 (US$80). The average out-of-pocket expense was Php 4000 (US $89) for medicines, Php 1600 (US$36) for laboratory tests and Php 4200 (US$93) for professional fees which are within the allowed co-payment limits. Patient satisfaction was generally good with satisfaction rates of 98% and 92% for surgery and chemotherapy services, respectively.

Conclusion

The overall patient satisfaction is favourable but there were still out-of-pocket expenses for medicines, laboratory tests and professional fees amounting to an average of Php 3,600 (US$80).
Pragmatic Classification Of The Texts In Turkish Course Books

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Globally, one of the most discussed problems in education is theissue of teaching in mother tongue and in a foreign language.Accordingly, various methods and techniques have been tried. In anycase, using a text is indispensable. Especially listening, reading,speaking, writing and grammar drills are conducted in the classroomenvironment. Therefore, text preference is an important element inlanguage teaching. These texts are determined according to certaincriteria. The texts determined upon criteria are used to improve thelanguage skills of students. Certain linguistic criteria have to bedetermined for text choice in language teaching. In this context,functional display in the texts chosen is crucial for students to graspthe potential of language. The aim of this research is to assess the textsin 8th Grade Turkish Course Books in a pragmatic perspective. Surveymethod was used in the research. The statements in the texts wereclassified according to “speech acts theory” of Searle. In the research,the texts in the common theme, “Social Life”, were analyzed. The textsassessed in three course books were limited with a theme and prosetypes. The criteria were grouped under the following headings:commissives, declarations, directives, expressives and assertives It wasdetermined that most of the expressions in all the course books weredescriptive and expressive while the others were insufficient. Usingvarious expressions in texts contributes to perceptive and expressiveskills of students. It was suggested in the research that expressiontypes diverse in pragmatic aspect should be used in the texts forstudents. <br>
What Is the Current Status of Global Health Activities and Opportunities in US Orthopaedic Residency Programs?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Interest in developing national health care has been increasing in many fields of medicine, including orthopaedics. One manifestation of this interest has been the development of global health opportunities during residency training. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We assessed global health activities and opportunities in orthopaedic residency in terms of resident involvement, program characteristics, sources of funding and support, partner site relationships and geography, and program director opinions on global health participation and the associated barriers. METHODS: An anonymous 24-question survey was circulated to all US orthopaedic surgery residency program directors (n = 153) by email. Five reminder emails were distributed over the next 7 weeks. A total of 59% (n = 90) program directors responded. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of responding orthopaedic residencies facilitated clinical experiences in developing countries. Program characteristics varied, but most used clinical rotation or elective time for travel (76%), which most frequently occurred during Postgraduate Year 4 (57%) and was used to provide pediatric (66%) or trauma (60%) care. The majority of programs (59%) provided at least some funding to traveling residents and sent accompanying attendings on all ventures (56%). Travel was most commonly within North America (85%), and 51% of participating programs have established international partner sites although only 11% have hosted surgeons from those partnerships. Sixty-nine percent of residency directors believed global health experiences during residency shape future volunteer efforts, 39% believed such opportunities help attract residents to a training program, and the major perceived challenges were funding (73%), faculty time (53%), and logistical planning (43%). CONCLUSIONS: Global health interest and activity are common among orthopaedic residency programs. There is diversity in the characteristics and geographical locations of such activity, although some consensus does exist among program directors around funding and faculty time as the largest challenges.
The Effect of Using Papaya and Watermelon Juice as a Non-Synthetic Buffer on the Quality of Kacang Goat's (Capra Hircus) Liquid Semen During Cold Storage at 5oC

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study examines the role of non-synthetic buffers from watermelon and papaya juice added to coconut water diluent on the liquid semen quality of Kacang goats during cold storage at 5oC for three months. An experimental method was used in which semen from a 2.5-year-old male was collected twice a week using an artificial vagina. The primary ingredients include young coconut water, Viridis, watermelon, papaya, NaHCO3, and Egg Yolk (KT). Furthermore, the observed variables were individual motility, viability, and abnormality. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK)) with 3 treatments and 10 replications, namely P0: Coconut Water + NaHCO3 + 10% KT, P1: Coconut Water + Watermelon Juice + 10% KT, and P2: Coconut Water + Papaya Juice + 10% KT. The data were analyzed using Variety Analysis. The results showed the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.01) on individual motility at all storage times, with the best motility up to 120 storage minutes with 61.00±3.16% at P1. Furthermore, the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.01) on viability at all storage times. The best treatment was P0 (72.24±5.28%), and the lowest was P2 (1.40±0.84%), with a shelf life of 120 minutes. The treatment had no effect (P>0.01) on abnormality at all storage times. It can be concluded that the use of watermelon and papaya juice as non-synthetic buffers in coconut water diluent on Kacang goat semen affects motility and viability but has no effect on abnormality.
Concise Review: Tissue-Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) display significant heterogeneity across tissue types, playing an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Recent work demonstrating the derivation of tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells (TS-MVECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has ignited the potential to generate tissue-specific models which may be applied to regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling applications. Here, we review techniques by which hPSC-derived TS-MVECs have been made to date and discuss how current hPSC-EC differentiation protocols may be directed toward tissue-specific fates. We begin by discussing the nature of EC tissue specificity in vivo and review general hPSC-EC differentiation protocols generated over the last decade. Finally, we describe how specificity can be integrated into hPSC-EC protocols to generate hPSC-derived TS-MVECs in vitro, including EC and parenchymal cell coculture, directed differentiation, and direct reprogramming strategies. Stem Cells 2014;32:3037–3045
Menstrual health among school adolescent girls

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Management of menstruation can present substantial challenges to girls in low-income settings. In preparation for a menstrual hygiene intervention to reduce school absenteeism in Bhubaneswar, this study aimed to investigate menstruation management practices, barriers and facilitators, and the influence of menstruation on school absenteeism among secondary school students in a peri-urban district of Bhubaneswar. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted among consenting girls and boys aged 14–17 years in four secondary schools in Entebbe sub-District, Bhubaneswar. Methods included group and in-depth interviews with students, a quantitative cross-sectional questionnaire, a prospectively self-completed menstrual diary, key informant interviews with policy makers, and observations of school water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with school absenteeism during the most recent menstrual period. Results: Girls reported substantial embarrassment and fear of teasing related to menstruation in the qualitative interviews, and said that this, together with menstrual pain and lack of effective materials for menstrual hygiene management, led to school absenteeism. All policy makers interviewed reported poverty and menstruation as the key factors associated with school attendance.The 352 girls with questionnaire data had a median age of 16 (inter-quartile range (IQR) = 15, 16) years, with median age at menarche of 13 (IQR = 13, 14) years. Of these, 64 girls (18.7%) reported having stained their clothes and 69 (19. 7%) reported missing at least 1 day of school, during their most recent period. Missing school during the most recent period was associated with physical symptoms (headache (odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95%CI: 1. 20, 3.86), stomach pain (OR =1.89, 95%CI: 0.89, 4.04), back pain (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 0.97, 3.14), and with changing protection 4 or more times per 24 h period (OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.06, 4.10). In the diary sub-study among 40 girls, school absence was reported on 28% of period-days, compared with 7% of non-period days (adjusted odds ratio = 5.99, 95%CI: 4.4, 8.2; p<0.001). Conclusion: In this peri-urban Bhubaneswarn population, menstruation was strongly associated with school attendance. Evaluation of a menstrual management intervention that address both psychosocial (e.g. self-confidence, attitudes) and physical (e.g. management of pain, use of adequate menstrual hygiene materials, improved water and sanitation facilities) aspects of menstruation are needed.
Imaging the dynamic architecture of chromatin at the single cell level

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromatin structure and cellular function are tightly linked in the nucleus of mammalian cells. Disruption of chromatin spatial organisation dramatically affects the life of a cell and eventually leads to severe pathologies in entire organisms. Two nuclear factors, CTCF and Cohesin, have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of DNA architecture. Huge advancements have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms behind chromatin arrangement but the field is still lacking a dynamic picture at the single cell and single molecule level. This study provide this study provides insight into the dynamics of CTCF and Cohesin through single particle tracking of CTCF and Cohesin dynamics achieved with single molecule tracking in living mouse embryonic stem cells. The interplay between these two factors was studied by looking at Cohesin’s behaviour in the absence of CTCF and in the context of other biological alterations.
Partial Characterization of a Novel Reovirus Isolated from a

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A filamentous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr. is the causal agent of the chestnut blight disease. This fungus has some hypovirulent strains. These strains are known to be infected by viruses. To date, many species of viruses have been found to be associated with C. parasitica strains. The number genome segments, their relative size, titer and sequence homology as well as the effects on host fungal virulence and morphology were varied among the C. parasitica associating viruses. Cryphonectria parasitica mycoreovirus-1 (CpMYRV1) is a newly characterized reovirus isolated from C. parasitica. The viral genome consists of 11 segments of dsRNA termed S1 to S11. The aims of this research were to determine the complete sequences of the three shortest segments (S9-S11) of CpMYRV1, and to analyze the relationship of the dsRNA segments to the segments within the reoviruses genome. Sequence analyses showed that segments S9,
Cdx2 Regulates Intestinal EphrinB1 through the Notch Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The majority of colorectal cancers harbor loss-of-function mutations in APC, a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, leading to intestinal polyps that are predisposed to malignant progression. Comparable murine APC alleles also evoke intestinal polyps, which are typically confined to the small intestine and proximal colon, but do not progress to carcinoma in the absence of additional mutations. The Cdx transcription factors Cdx1 and Cdx2 are essential for homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium, and loss of Cdx2 has been associated with more aggressive subtypes of colorectal cancer in the human population. Consistent with this, concomitant loss of Cdx1 and Cdx2 in a murine APC mutant background leads to an increase in polyps throughout the intestinal tract. These polyps also exhibit a villous phenotype associated with the loss of EphrinB1. However, the basis for these outcomes is poorly understood. To further explore this, we modeled Cdx2 loss in SW480 colorectal cancer cells. We found that Cdx2 impacted Notch signaling in SW480 cells, and that EphrinB1 is a Notch target gene. As EphrinB1 loss also leads to a villus tumor phenotype, these findings evoke a mechanism by which Cdx2 impacts colorectal cancer via Notch-dependent EphrinB1 signaling.
Using FarmVille in an Introductory Managerial Accounting Course to Engage Students, Enhance Comprehension, and Develop Social Networking Skills

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores the use of the free Zynga computer game FarmVille, which is played in conjunction with Facebook ® , to facilitate active learning in a managerial accounting course. Results indicate that it invokes an improved understanding of the accounting content, particularly among nonaccounting majors; a high level of student satisfaction with the assignment; and excellent outcomes in developing peer-to-peer and faculty–student relationships. This innovative approach is offered as an alternative way to achieve managerial accounting learning objectives. Its greatest strength is the social networking benefits it brings.
The Collaborative Terrain of Collective Narratives, Students’ Knowledge, Teaching and Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the relationships between students’ conceptual knowledge, collective narratives, teaching and learning. The study was based on empirical data generated from ninety-nine narratives, four interviews, and demographic questionnaires. The findings highlighted that collective narratives reflect the narrative arcs that encompass the patterns of students’ thinking. Collective narratives can be used to assess the organization of students’ prior knowledge maps regarding any subject due to their specific internal structures. The author argued that the collective narratives of students create a collaborative landscape of teaching and learning where students’ prior knowledge combined with academic knowledge can be imparted in a systematic way. The study concluded that students’ collective narratives offer teachers the benefit of using students’ texts as alternative thinking devices in constructing knowledge.
Simulating the Unruh Effect on Real Quantum Hardware

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The Unruh effect, a cornerstone of quantum field theory, predicts that an accelerating observer perceives a thermal bath of particles in a vacuum, bridging quantum mechanics and relativity. This study presents the first successful simulation of the Unruh effect on real quantum hardware, conducted at the Centre of Excellence for Technology, Quantum, and AI Canada (CETQAC). Using a two-qubit quantum circuit executed on IBM’s su perconducting qubits via Qiskit Runtime Services, we encoded the effect’s key features: quantum superposition, Bogoliubov transformations, and thermodynamic signatures. Re sults demonstrate a strong concentration in the |11⟩ basis state, with metrics such as pu rity (0.5), entropy (1.0), entanglement entropy (1.0), fidelity (0.46), and expectation value (Z =0.0) aligning with theoretical predictions. Visualizations, including statevector plots and Q-sphere representations, confirm the simulation’s success. This work advances quan tum thermodynamics and relativistic quantum physics, establishing Canada as a leader in quantum computing applications.
Impact of nutrition‐related laboratory tests on mortality of patients who are critically ill using artificial intelligence: A focus on trace elements, vitamins, and cholesterol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This study aimed to understand the collective impact of trace elements, vitamins, cholesterol, and prealbumin on patient outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) using an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model for mortality prediction. Methods Data from ICU patients (December 2016 to December 2021), including serum levels of trace elements, vitamins, cholesterol, and prealbumin, were retrospectively analyzed using AI models. Models employed included category boosting (CatBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score. The performance was evaluated using 10‐fold crossvalidation. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method provided interpretability. Results CatBoost emerged as the top‐performing individual AI model with an AUROC of 0.756, closely followed by LGBM, MLP, and XGBoost. Furthermore, the ensemble model combining these four models achieved the highest AUROC of 0.776 and more balanced metrics, outperforming all models. SHAP analysis indicated significant influences of prealbumin, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and age on predictions. Notably, the ratios of selenium to age and low‐density lipoprotein to total cholesterol also had a notable impact on the models' output. Conclusion The study underscores the critical role of nutrition‐related parameters in ICU patient outcomes. Advanced AI models, particularly in an ensemble approach, demonstrated improved predictive accuracy. SHAP analysis offered insights into specific factors influencing patient survival, highlighting the need for broader consideration of these biomarkers in critical care management.
Oxidation of a Conductive Polymer-TCNQ Salt with Atmospheric Oxygen

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The oxidation reaction of conductive poly-4-vinylpyridinium (P4VP+) tetracyano-p-quinodimethanide(TCNQ\ewdot) with oxygen has been studied. The main product of this reaction is found to be α,α-dicyano-p-toluoylcyanide. An interesting difference in reactivity was observed between the polymer salt and the ethanol solution of the monomer salt.
Harnessing the IT Factor in Medical Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Escalating healthcare costs in Singapore have produced a significant movement of patients into ambulatory care, and the consequent dearth of clinical teaching materials. This deficiency has likewise prompted the creation of ambulatory teaching clinics and the use of standardised patients and simulators. In the last few decades, educators have utilised digital technology, for instance, digitally recorded heart and breath sounds, and digitised video vignettes, in medical education. We describe several pedagogical initiatives that we have undertaken at our university school of medicine. Key words: Clinical material, Digital image, Multimedia
Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Perillaldehyde

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Monoterpenoid\nperillaldehyde (PA) is the major component in <i>Perilla frutescens</i> leaf essential oil, but its function\nregarding anti-inflammatory effect is unclear. We explored the anti-inflammatory\nactivity of PA in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse\nmodel using relief of bodyweight loss (avg. 49.2% mitigation; <i>P</i> = 0.094) and colon damage (avg. 35.3% mitigation; <i>P</i> < 0.05) by administration of PA at a 100 mg/kg dosage.\nThe PA administration resulted in suppression of DSS-induced expression\nof pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and matrix metalloproteinase-9\nin the colon (e.g., avg. 60.6% mitigation for <i>TNF-α</i> mRNA levels; <i>P</i> < 0.05). These effects were confirmed\nin macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).\nApplication of PA induced cell suppression of LPS-induced expressions\nof genes and proteins of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced activation\nof c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs, p54 and p46; <i>P</i> < 0.05) but not nuclear factor-κB p65. The half maximal\ninhibitory concentration for decreased expression levels of <i>TNF-α</i> mRNA was 171.7 μM. We discuss the in vivo\nfunction of PA in amelioration of intestinal inflammation via JNK-mediated\ncytokine regulation.
Processing defects and strength of alumina substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two sets of commercial alpha-alumina plates with a mean grain size of 1 to 2 mym were tested using the concentric-ring test. All specimens were taken from the same batch of material. The two sets of specimens had different plate diameters such that for the smaller of the specimens, linear plate bending theory was applicable, while the larger ones experienced so large deflections that geometric nonlinearities reduced the local stresses by 30%. The parameters of the Weibull distribution including their confidence intervals were evaluated. (IWM)