jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Changes of Plasma Free Fatty Acids Levels after Oxytocin Administration in Man

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of buccal administration of oxytocin tablet (100 u) on plasma FFA and TG was studied in healthy subjects. As a result, a decrease of plasma FFA (101±27μEq/1) in the male and an increase (88±34μEq/l) in the female were detected 60min after the administration. Changes of plasma TG also suggested a similar tendency both in males and in females. Thus, sex differences in oxytocin effects on plasma FFA were observed after buccal administration, however the rate of change was rather small compared with the data obtained by intramuscular injection of oxytocin (5 u). The effect of oxytocin administration on plasma FFA was preliminarily investigated in female patients with simple obesity, and an increase of plasma FFA was found to be somewhat higher than in normal females.
Gogol's palinode

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the last ten years of his life Gogol came to have insecurities and doubts about the social utility of literature and for this reason he turned from aesthetics to religious mysticism. This intellectual attitude led to a psychic split, a palinode, and turned the apostle against the genius, which resulted in the denial, renouncement and burning of his earlier writings. What made Gogol throw the second volume of Dead Souls into the flames? Petty, Herostratian motives could hardly have forced such a great spirit to make such a desperate move as to annihilate the sequel of his masterpiece, on which he worked for seventeen years altogether. The whole historical-metaphysical contents of the era and the communicative insufficiencyof the literary language could have played a part in it. The present study aims at deciphering the causes of this book-burning.In his article Zoltán Hajnády gives an overview of the philosophy of art and religion, the pre- and post-text, which formed a background to the emergence of Gogol’s works, and in whose context they can be interpreted. He comes to the conclusion that Gogol was not satisfied by art anymore, he wanted infinity, the absolute. His crisis had not only aesthetic, but also metaphysical dimensions. He had believed that he would transmit the ultimate message to the world, but was forced to realise that literature is not a totality, not the absolute any more. He tried to condense the totality of life in his epic in vain: the scattered fragments would not form an organic whole. At this point he turned to religion, which still carried elements of universality in his conviction. It was for this reason that he wanted to exchange the life of a literary man for that of a monk. He thought the language of the Gospel to be more universal than that of literature: as opposed to the particular nature of poetry, it enounces the universal truth, ergo evangelization must permeate civilisation. Gogol wanted to depict paragons, but ended up idealising characters instead, which meant the partial or total omission of negative features, the disproportionate beautification and bucolic representation of reality. As an outstanding artist he clearly saw that unveiled didactic intentions must not appear in a work of art. That is why he threw the second part of his work, which showed Russian life in a beautified form and which would have made his novel seem to be a false decoration of the regime, into the fireplace.
Gate-Level Circuit Partitioning Algorithm Based on Clustering and an Improved Genetic Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gate-level circuit partitioning is an important development trend for improving the efficiency of simulation in EDA software. In this paper, a gate-level circuit partitioning algorithm, based on clustering and an improved genetic algorithm, is proposed for the gate-level simulation task. First, a clustering algorithm based on betweenness centrality is proposed to quickly identify clusters in the original circuit and achieve the circuit coarse. Next, a constraint-based genetic algorithm is proposed which provides absolute and probabilistic genetic strategies for clustered circuits and other circuits, respectively. This new genetic strategy guarantees the integrity of clusters and is effective for realizing the fine partitioning of gate-level circuits. The experimental results using 12 ISCAS ‘89 and ISCAS ‘85 benchmark circuits show that the proposed algorithm is 5% better than Metis, 80% better than KL, and 61% better than traditional genetic algorithms for finding the minimum number of connections between subsets.
The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, Andrew Scott Cooper, London: Oneworld Publications, 2011, ISBN 978-1-8516-8860-9, 416 pp.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, Andrew Scott Cooper, London: Oneworld Publications, 2011, ISBN 978-1-8516-8860-9, 416 pp. - Volume 46 Issue 5
Gendered Uncertainty and Variation in Physicians’ Decisions for Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nonmedical factors and diagnostic certainty contribute to variation in clinical decision making, but the process by which this occurs remains unclear. We examine how physicians’ interpretations of patient sex-gender affect diagnostic certainty and, in turn, decision making for coronary heart disease. Data are from a factorial experiment of 256 physicians who viewed 1 of 16 video vignettes with different patient-actors presenting the same symptoms of coronary heart disease. Physician participants completed a structured interview and provided a narrative about their decision-making processes. Quantitative analysis showed that diagnostic uncertainty reduces the likelihood that physicians will order tests and medications appropriate for an urgent cardiac condition in particular. Qualitative analysis revealed that a subset of physicians applied knowledge that women have “atypical symptoms” as a generalization, which engendered uncertainty for some. Findings are discussed in relation to social-psychological processes that underlie clinical decision making and the social framing of medical knowledge.
[The expression of lymphopoietic differentiation antigens on the membrane of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in lymphosarcoma tumor progression].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Monoclonal antibodies were used in the indirect immunofluorescence test to assay the antigenic features of lymphoid cells in patients with lymphosarcoma. Some patients with progression of lymphoblastic lymphoma showed an increased content of T lymphocyte expressing early activation antigens, antigens of early hemopoietic progenitors, and CALLA-antigens.
Inactivation of Estrone in Normal Male Rabbits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The liver of normal male rabbits has the ability to inactivate estrone as shown by the presence of normal testicles and genital apparatus in a group of three animals examined 91 days after the implantation of estrone pellets in the spleens. Alterations in the structure of the testicles in rabbits with subcutaneously implanted pellets corresponded to the changes found in similarly treated male rats, and to the changes produced by experimental cryptorchidism in rabbits.
Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein ACBP1 Modulates Sterol Synthesis during Embryogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fatty acids (FAs) and sterols are primary metabolites that exert interrelated functions as structural and signaling lipids. Despite their common syntheses from acetyl-coenzyme A, homeostatic cross talk remains enigmatic. Six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) acyl-coenzyme A-binding proteins (ACBPs) are involved in FA metabolism. ACBP1 interacts with PHOSPHOLIPASE Dα1 and regulates phospholipid composition. Here, its specific role in the negative modulation of sterol synthesis during embryogenesis is reported. ACBP1, likely in a liganded state, interacts with STEROL C4-METHYL OXIDASE1-1 (SMO1-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the sterol pathway. Proembryo abortion in the double mutant indicated that the ACBP1-SMO1-1 interaction is synthetic lethal, corroborating with their strong promoter activities in developing ovules. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed quantitative and compositional changes in FAs and sterols upon overexpression or mutation of ACBP1 and/or SMO1-1 Aberrant levels of these metabolites may account for the downstream defect in lipid signaling. GLABRA2 (GL2), encoding a phospholipid/sterol-binding homeodomain transcription factor, was up-regulated in developing seeds of acbp1, smo1-1, and ACBP1+/-smo1-1 in comparison with the wild type. Consistent with the corresponding transcriptional alteration of GL2 targets, high-oil, low-mucilage phenotypes of gl2 were phenocopied in ACBP1+/-smo1-1 Thus, ACBP1 appears to modulate the metabolism of two important lipid classes (FAs and sterols) influencing cellular signaling.
A VIEW ON THE PROBLEM OF INADEQUATE SCREENING OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN UKRAINE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing worldwide and it is the second most common cause of cancer death. There is a lot of investigations and improvement to rise quality of early diagnosis, successful treatment and effective preventions of colorectal cancer. Nowadays available few guidelines of international and national organizations what support effectiveness of screening programs. Colorectal cancer screening is effective way to decrease incidence and mortality with strong evidence confirmed by a lot of investigations of different scientific groups. Currently, Ukraine doesn’t have an established colorectal cancer program, what need to be changed as soon as possible. A lot of patients in Ukraine wait at home till the beginning of clinical symptoms, what often is the representation of later stage of diseases; and of course treatment of patients with later stage of diseases need more costs for treatment and show worst results of morbidity and mortality rate compare with patients treated at the early stage of diseases. We created a simulation Markov model and demonstrated that the implementation of the national screening program for colorectal cancer in Ukraine will be cost saving and will decrease the mortality from colorectal cancer significantly.
Factors associated with malaria vaccine uptake in Nsanje district, Malawi

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant global health burden affecting millions of people, children under 5 years and pregnant women being most vulnerable. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed the introduction of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine as Phase IV implementation evaluation in three countries: Malawi, Kenya and Ghana. Acceptability and factors influencing vaccination coverage in implementing areas is relatively unknown. In Malawi, only 60% of children were fully immunized with malaria vaccine in Nsanje district in 2021, which is below 80% WHO target. This study aimed at exploring factors influencing uptake of malaria vaccine and identify approaches to increase vaccination. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted in April–May, 2023, 410 mothers/caregivers with children aged 24–36 months were selected by stratified random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Vaccination data was collected from health passports, for those without health passports, data was collected using recall history. Regression analyses were used to test association between independent variables and full uptake of malaria vaccine. Results Uptake of malaria vaccine was 90.5% for dose 1, but reduced to 87.6%, 69.5% and 41.2% for dose 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Children of caregivers with secondary or upper education and those who attended antenatal clinic four times or more had increased odds of full uptake of malaria vaccine [OR: 2.43, 95%CI 1.08–6.51 and OR: 1.89, 95%CI 1.18–3.02], respectively. Children who ever suffered side-effects following immunization and those who travelled long distances to reach the vaccination centre had reduced odds of full uptake of malaria vaccine [OR: 0.35, 95%CI 0.06–0.25 and OR: 0.30, 95%CI 0.03–0.39] respectively. Only 17% (n = 65) of mothers/caregivers knew the correct schedule for vaccination and 38.5% (n = 158) knew the correct number of doses a child was to receive. Conclusion Only RTS,S dose 1 and 2 uptake met WHO coverage targets. Mothers/caregivers had low level of information regarding malaria vaccine, especially on numbers of doses to be received and dosing schedule. The primary modifiable factor influencing vaccine uptake was mother/caregiver knowledge about the vaccine. Thus, to increase the uptake Nsanje District Health Directorate should strengthen communities' education about malaria vaccine. Programmes to strengthen mother/caregiver knowledge should be included in scale-up of the vaccine in Malawi and across sub-Saharan Africa.
[Placental location and its influence on the position of the fetus in the uterus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are different opinions concerning the influence of the placental localization on the position of the fetus in the uterus. Two options are suggested in breech presentation--placenta praevia and cornual localization as possible causes for breech presentation. The aim of the present prospective study is to establish the influence of placental localization on the fetal position in the uterus. Two groups of pregnant women were examined--the first with cephalic resentation (n = 125) and the second with breech presentation (n = 124). All of the pregnant women examined were nulliparas, with term pregnancy (37-40 weeks). Uterine and fetal abnormalities were excluded. The localization of the placenta was determined by ultrasonography. The cornu-fundal localization of the placenta was found in 4.8% in the pregnant women with cephalic presentation and 62.6% in pregnant women with breach presentation. Placenta praevia or low insertion of the placenta was found in 3.2% of the cases with breech presentation and in none of the cases with cephalic presentation. The authors conclude on the basis of the data in the study that the localization of the placenta influences the fetal position in the uterus.
CTX-M-12 β-Lactamase in a Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolate in Colombia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We describe the detection of the CTX-M-12 β-lactamase from a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Colombia. Screening of nosocomial Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli isolates from a network of teaching hospitals revealed the presence of CTX-M enzymes in multiple cities. This is the first description of CTX-M in Colombia.
SIRT2 inhibition exacerbates neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption in experimental traumatic brain injury by enhancing NF‐κB p65 acetylation and activation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sirtuin 2 ( SIRT 2) is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + ‐dependent protein deacetylases. In recent years, SIRT 2 inhibition has emerged as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. However, to date, there is no evidence of a specific role for SIRT 2 in traumatic brain injury ( TBI ). We investigated the effects of SIRT 2 inhibition on experimental TBI using the controlled cortical impact ( CCI ) injury model. Adult male mice underwent CCI or sham surgery. A selective brain‐permeable SIRT 2 inhibitor, AK ‐7, was administrated 30 min before injury. The volume of the brain edema lesion and the water content of the brain were significantly increased in mice treated with AK ‐7 (20 mg/kg), compared with the vehicle group, following TBI ( p < 0.05 at 1 day and p < 0.05 at 3 days, respectively). Concomitantly, AK ‐7 administration greatly worsened neurobehavioral deficits on days 3 and 7 after CCI . Furthermore, blood–brain barrier disruption and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP )‐9 activity increased following SIRT 2 inhibition. AK ‐7 treatment increased TBI ‐induced microglial activation both in vivo and in vitro , accompanied by a large increase in the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, SIRT 2 inhibition increased both K310 acetylation and nuclear translocation of NF ‐κB p65, leading to enhanced NF ‐κB activation and up‐regulation of its target genes, including aquaporin 4 ( AQP 4), MMP ‐9, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Together, these data demonstrate that SIRT 2 inhibition exacerbates TBI by increasing NF ‐κB p65 acetylation and activation. Our findings provide additional evidence of an anti‐inflammatory effect of SIRT 2. image SIRT2 is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylases. Our study suggests that the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7 exacerbates traumatic brain injury (TBI) via a potential mechanism involving increased acetylation and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65, resulting in up‐regulation of NF‐κB target genes, including aquaporin 4 (AQP4), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide additional evidence of an anti‐inflammatory effect of SIRT2.
J. S. Bach : the ouverture in B minor, BWV 831 : a discussion of its origin and style : performance practice issues and their application to the modern piano

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The French Overture, BWV 831, is rarely performed, being one of the most misunderstood keyboard works by J. S. Bach. Pianists' frequent criticism arises because the work fails to be measured in the same flamboyant and virtuosic style of the Partitas. It is often discarded for being too long and containing too many simplistic dances. However, J. S. Bach did not intend for this work to continue the compositional ideas from Clavierübung I, but rather to present an idiomatic keyboard version of the orchestral overture suite in the French manner. This genre came into being in Germanic lands at the beginning of the XVIIIth-century. In many movements from BWV 831, Bach presented the most salient characteristics of French style, with which he was familiar from his early teenage years in Luneburg. During the XXth-century, an explosive amount of research was devoted to the performance practice issues of early music. The existence of an earlier C minor version of the French Overture, BWV 831a, has been a particularly important puzzle piece in the controversial issue of over-dotting. Through an examination of contemporary treatises, current scholarly articles and comparative score reading, many suggestions regarding meter, tempo, phrasing, articulation, dynamics and affect are presented in this paper in general discussion; specific application to the particular problems within the movements of BWV 831 are also presented herein. The fact that this suite is often performed on the modern piano should not obstruct performers from seeking the most appropriate, historically informed interpretation. Furthermore, since the modern instrument is fully capable of presenting the core gestures of the style, the ideas within this discussion may contribute to a more enriching, meaningful performance of this work and like others.
A Metallurgical Understanding of Welding Electrode Specifications for High Strength Steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High-strength steel (HSS) welding electrode specifications offer two sets of Tables for compliance, one on Specified Electrode Chemical Composition Requirements and the other on Specified Minimum Weld Mechanical Properties Requirements. These sets of Tables may appear mutually exclusive but underlying metallurgical principles keep them inter-dependent. Suppressing austenite transformation-start (T S ) temperature simultaneously increases both strength and low-temperature impact toughness of HSS weld metal (WM). Specifically, a two-step approach is useful in understanding the metallurgy of high-performance electrodes and WMs. This approach includes calculated T S temperatures such as A r3 , B S or M S , besides carbon content, carbon equivalent number (CEN) and balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O additions that correlate identified WM chemical composition with desired high-performance microstructures to meet or exceed minimum WM tensile and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness property requirements. The first step uses a set of constitutive (statistical/regression) equations to control the amounts of principal alloy elements such as C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Cu so the relevant calculated T S temperatures such as A r3 , B S , or M S and CEN stay in a desirable range relative to the base metals being joined. While doing so, one also needs to ascertain that the common progression of calculated T S temperatures wherein A r3 > B S > M S remains valid. The second step requires balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O additions to further lower the actual T S temperature compared to the calculated T S temperature. Both a lower T S temperature and a narrow start-to-finish (T S –T F ) temperature range ensure exceptional CVN impact toughness. The balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O content can be ascertained using an artificial neural network (ANN) model offered by the Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) at its website. The JWES ANN model allows one to manipulate 16 elements of the WM compositions, each within a specified range and seek a lower predictive temperature range for achieving 28 J absorbed energy (T 28J /°C) during CVN impact testing.
Protection of privacy in Malaysia: A law for the future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>In Malaysia, the rights and liberties of the individual are recognised in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. However, the right to privacy does not have the express constitutional recognition enjoyed by other rights such as the right to life and liberty and freedom of expression. This thesis identifies gaps in the protection of privacy interests in the current legal framework. There is no self-standing law on privacy in Malaysia, though there are several laws which provide limited rights to privacy such as the laws on data protection and criminal law. The existing laws are inadequate to protect private information and to protect against the intrusion of privacy. The importation of foreign principles through the reception of English Common Law offers only limited protection. Malaysia should, therefore, have a specific law to protect privacy. With a view to attaining that goal for Malaysia, this thesis undertakes a comparative analysis of two different experiences of the development of the law of privacy. They are the privacy law in England, which is largely based on the law of breach of confidence, and the privacy law in New Zealand, which has a distinct privacy tort recognised in its case law. The conclusion is that those countries’ experience can inform developments in Malaysia, and that the best way for Malaysia to develop its law now is by the enactment of a specific Privacy Act.</p>