jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Records of alien species of vascular plants in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area (Russia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

В статье приводятся сведения о флористических находках, сделанных в 2017 г. на территории городского округа Новый Уренгой (Россия, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ). Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ расположен на севере Западной Сибири. Новый Уренгой находится в континентальной части региона, в природных зонах лесотундры и тайги (подзона северной тайги). Новый Уренгой – крупнейший город и промышленный центр Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. В связи с развитием газо- и нефтедобычи, строительством дорог, промышленных предприятий и населённых пунктов, местная флора обогащается чужеродными видами. Изучению миграций таких растений в Российской Арктике и Субарктике пока уделяется мало внимания. Поскольку чужеродные виды, с одной стороны, теоретически могут представлять угрозу местным экосистемам, и, с другой, обогащают флору региона, на Крайнем Севере они нуждаются в мониторинге. В ходе полевых исследований сделаны находки 16 видов сосудистых растений (Agropyron pectinatum, Artemisia dracunculus, Brassica nigra, Camelina microcarpa, Erysimum canescens, Lolium remotum, Malva pusilla, Panicum miliaceum, Pedicularis sibirica, Ranunculus polyanthemos, Senecio jacobaea, Sinapis alba, Sisymbrium volgense, Sonchus asper, Veronica incana, V. spicata), которые ранее для Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа не приводились, и шесть чужеродных видов, редко встречающихся в регионе (Achillea nobilis, Artemisia absinthium, A. sieversiana, Astragalus danicus, Chenopodium karoi, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Trifolium montanum).
TЕRMIZNING AMUDARYO ORQALI SAVDO ALOQALARI (XIX ASRNING OXIRI - XX ASRNING BOSHLARI)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thе articlе is dеvotеd to thе tradе rеlations conductеd through Tеrmеz and its main crossing, Pattakеsar, in thе latе 19th and еarly 20th cеnturiеs. Thе articlе studiеs and analyzеs Tеrmеz’s tradе rеlations through thе Amu Darya basеd on historical and archival matеrials.
Preventing violence through hip hop: an evolutionary perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For decades Hip Hop cultural practices have been disparaged for allegedly inciting and being responsible for the eruption of urban violence. This assumption, likely built upon pre-existing biases regarding the street culture and ethnic minorities where Hip Hop emerged, ignored how some of the genre's main elements – particularly freestyle rap, breakin' or breakdancing and graffiti tagging – initially served the purpose of providing at-risk youths with real alternatives to direct physical violence in their day-to-day lives, and continue do so today. It has also ignored broader analogies with other cross-cultural and cross-species manifestations of similar practices that have served for millennia as effective mechanisms for reducing the likelihood of potentially lethal violence. By presenting these manifestations – namely song dueling and mark making – in comparative terms with Hip Hop's freestyle song and dance battles and tagging territorial contests, this article seeks to highlight the relevance and potential of Hip Hop for preventing violence while also suggesting a common evolutionary backdrop within the context of strategies aimed at minimizing intraspecific aggression.
Bilateral fusion of permanent mandibular incisors with talon's cusp

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Fused teeth and talon cusp are developmental anomalies with inherently bizarre anatomy. These anomalies may develop during tooth bud morphodifferentiation as a result of a developmental aberration of both the ectoderm and mesoderm. Concurrent occurrence of different developmental anomalies is rarely seen and reported in the literature. This article describes one such encounter of bilateral fusion of permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors, along with the presence of talon's cusp on the fused teeth, and reviews the associated clinical problems and available treatments options.
THE ESTIMATION OF THE ORDER OF AN AUTOREGRESSION USING RECURSIVE RESIDUALS AND CROSS‐VALIDATION

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Several criteria for the estimation of the order of an autoregressive representation of a stationary time series are examined. There need not be a true finite‐order autoregression model for the data, so that the purpose of model identification is to obtain an adequate representation of the data. It is proved that minimizing the sum of squares of recursive residuals (the ‘predictive minimizing description length’) is equivalent to minimizing BIC. The equivalence between the cross‐validation and Akaike information criterion methods of autoregressive modelling is also established.
Measuring Ethics in AI with AI: A Methodology and Dataset Construction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, the use of sound measures and metrics in Artificial Intelligence has become the subject of interest of academia, government, and industry. Efforts towards measuring different phenomena have gained traction in the AI community, as illustrated by the publication of several influential field reports and policy documents. These metrics are designed to help decision takers to inform themselves about the fast-moving and impacting influences of key advances in Artificial Intelligence in general and Machine Learning in particular. In this paper we propose to use such newfound capabilities of AI technologies to augment our AI measuring capabilities. We do so by training a model to classify publications related to ethical issues and concerns. In our methodology we use an expert, manually curated dataset as the training set and then evaluate a large set of research papers. Finally, we highlight the implications of AI metrics, in particular their contribution towards developing trustful and fair AI-based tools and technologies. Keywords: AI Ethics; AI Fairness; AI Measurement. Ethics in Computer Science.
Finite Element Analysis and Deformation Homogeneity Optimization of Constrained Groove Pressing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Improvement of materials properties induced by constrained groove pressing (CGP) depends largely on deformation homogeneity. Utilizing commercial software DEFORM-3D, a finite element model of multi-pass CGP was established. The distribution and homogeneity evolution of equivalent strain ware analyzed in detail. Based on Taguchi optimization method, the influence of processing parameters (such as groove width, groove angle, friction coefficient and deformation rate) on strain homogeneity was studied numerically and systematically. Within a certain range, the optimum parameter combination is obtained by means of signal to noise ratio analysis. The inhomogeneity factor of the optimum model decreases by about 50 %. The average accumulative equivalent strain is almost twice that of the initial model. Analysis of variance shows that groove angle and groove width are the two most important parameters and effect of friction between dies and sample should not be neglected.
Representation of Germination Curves with the Logistic Function

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fitting of the logistic function to germination progress data by simple linear regression is demonstrated. Acceptable goodness of fit is obtained for both fast and slowly-germinating seed populations. The rate and final percentage of germination are positively correlated in these experiments, although mathematically independent. The rate appears to be more sensitive to environmental conditions during germination than is the final percentage. The limitations of the logistic function and the desirability of a standard means of expressing germination rates are discussed.
Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Randomly-Distributed Short Fiber Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Experimental results for tests of strength and elastic modulus of a randomly-distributed short fiber composite are reported in this paper. Three different tests were employed: tension, 3-point flexure, and 4-point flexure. A statistical approach based on Weibull distribution was applied to account for the difference between tensile and flexural test results. Mate rial variation, as exhibited in the experimental scatter for elastic modulus, and its effect on strength were shown not to be negligible. Test results also showed wider experimental scatter than observed with continuous fiber composites. Consequently considerable penalty had to be paid by reducing the design strength in order to assure the same level of confidence and reliability.
Gender-informed, psychoeducational programme for couples to prevent postnatal common mental disorders among primiparous women: cluster randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Interventions to prevent postpartum common mental disorders (PCMD) among unselected populations of women have had limited success. The aim was to determine whether What Were We Thinking (WWWT) a gender-informed, psychoeducational programme for couples and babies can prevent PCMD among primiparous women 6 months postpartum. Design Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Setting 48 Maternal and Child Health Centres (MCHCs) from 6 Local Government Areas in Melbourne, Australia were allocated randomly to usual care (24) or usual care plus WWWT (24). Participants English-speaking primiparous women receiving primary care at trial MCHCs were recruited to the intervention (204) and control (196) conditions. Of these, 187 (91.7%) and 177 (90.3%) provided complete data. Intervention WWWT is a manualised programme comprising primary care from a trained nurse, print materials and a face-to-face seminar. Main outcome measures Data sources were standardised and study-specific measures collected in blinded computer-assisted telephone interviews at 6 and 26 weeks postpartum. The primary outcome was PCMD assessed by Composite International Diagnostic Interviews and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder modules. Results In intention-to-treat analyses the adjusted OR (AOR) of PCMD in the intervention compared to the usual care group was 0.78 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.63, ns), but mild to moderate anxiety symptoms (AOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.97) and poor self-rated health (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.97) were significantly lower. In a per protocol analysis, comparing the full (three component) intervention and usual care groups, the AOR of PCMD was 0.36, (95% CI 0.14 to 0.95). The WWWT seminar was appraised as salient, comprehensible and useful by >85% participants. No harms were detected. Conclusions WWWT is readily integrated into primary care, enables inclusion of fathers and addresses modifiable risks for PCMD directly. The full intervention appears a promising programme for preventing PCMD, optimising family functioning, and as the first component of a stepped approach to mental healthcare. Trial registration number ACTRN12613000506796; Results.
Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Sinomenium acutum in Bushen Jiangu Tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To study the optimal ethanol extraction process of ethanol extract of Sinomenium acutum in Bushen jiangu tablets.METHODS:The extraction technology was optimized by impregnation,continuous percolation and reflux method using ethanol as solvent.The extraction technology was optimized was optimized with the yield of sinomenine as index and using ethanol concentration,solvent amount,particle size and pH value as factors.RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was continuous percolation as follows:medicinal materials crushing pass through 10 mesh sieve,adjusting pH 8～9 with ammonia,adding 12 times amount of 75% ethanol.CONCLUSTION:The process is stable,simple and controllable for the industrial production.
Neuropeptide Y-stimulated [35S]GTPγs functional binding is reduced in the hippocampus after kainate-induced seizures in mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Kainate-induced seizures constitute a model of temporal lobe epilepsy where prominent changes are observed in the hippocampal neuropeptide Y (NPY) system. However, little is known about the functional state and signal transduction of the NPY receptor population resulting from kainate exposure. Thus, in this study, we explored functional NPY receptor activity in the mouse hippocampus and neocortex after kainate-induced seizures using NPY-stimulated [(35) S]GTPγS binding. Moreover, we also studied levels of [(125) I]-peptide YY (PYY) binding and NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptor mRNA in these kainate-treated mice. Functional NPY binding was unchanged up to 12 h post-kainate, but decreased significantly in all hippocampal regions after 24 h and 1 week. Similarly, a decrease in [(125) I]-PYY binding was found in the dentate gyrus (DG) 1 week post-kainate. However, at 2 h, 6 h, and 12 h, [(125) I]-PYY binding was increased in all regions, and in the CA1 also at 24 h post-kainate. NPY mRNA levels were prominently increased in hippocampal regions, reaching maximum at 12 and 24 h. Y1 and Y5 mRNA levels were lowered in the DG at 24 and 2 h, respectively, while Y2 mRNA levels were elevated at 24 h in the DG and CA3. This study confirms rat kainate studies by showing pronounced adaptive changes in the mouse hippocampus both with regard to NPY synthesis and NPY receptor synthesis and binding, which may contribute to regulating neuronal seizure susceptibility after kainate. However, the potential seizure-suppressant effects of increased NPY gene expression at late time points post-kainate could be attenuated by the novel finding of reduced NPY-receptor G-protein activation.
Change in Editors ofThe Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Professor Dr. Wolf-Peter Klövekorn served as Editor-in-Chief of The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon for 15 years, from 1996 to 2010 ([Fig. 1]). This represents the longest period an Editor-in-Chief has been in charge of our traditional journal. He and his team have established this scientific journal as a nationally and internationally accepted scientific publication and we are all grateful for his achievements. Unfortunately Professor Klövekorn died on Sunday March 28, 2010 from a severe disease. We will hold his memory in the highest esteem.
Numerical and experimental determination of the static characteristics of pilot operated pressure relief valves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article a mathematical model of pressure drop vs. flow depending for pilot operated \npressure relief valve type 1502-PPT is developed. An experimental test stand is created for practical \ndetermination of the pressure drop vs. flow depending which confirm the mathematical model. The results of \nsolving the mathematical model and experimental investigation are presented in two diagrams. A few directions \nfor improving the static characteristics at the moment of opening of the main valve are given.
Nanowire nanoelectronics: Building interfaces with tissue and cells at the natural scale of biology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The interface between nanoscale electronic devices and biological systems enables interactions at length scales natural to biology, and thus should maximize communication between these two diverse yet complementary systems. Moreover, nanostructures and nanostructured substrates show enhanced coupling to artificial membranes, cells, and tissue. Such nano–bio interfaces offer better sensitivity and spatial resolution as compared to conventional planar structures. In this work, we will report the electrical properties of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) interfaced with embryonic chicken hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. We developed a scheme that allowed us to manipulate the nanoelectronic to tissue/cell interfaces while monitoring their electrical activity. In addition, by utilizing the bottom-up approach, we extended our work to the subcellular regime, and interfaced cells with the smallest reported device ever and thus exceeded the spatial and temporal resolution limits of other electrical recording techniques. The exceptional synthetic control and flexible assembly of nanowires (NWs) provides powerful tools for fundamental studies and applications in life science, and opens up the potential of merging active transistors with cells such that the distinction between nonliving and living systems is blurred.
Placing Teachers? Sustaining Rural Schooling through Place-consciousness in Teacher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper explores two seemingly disparate areas of social inquiry: teacher education and the sustainability of rural communities in Australia. It suggests that these may be usefully understood in close connection with each other, and that healthy rural communities may be supported via reform of the ways in which teacher education prepares graduates for teaching in rural schools. In making this argument we claim that consideration and consciousness of place are important for all teacher education curricula, not merely that on offer in rural and regional centers. We call for metropolitan-based teacher education institutions to consider curriculum practices that take a more active role in fostering healthy and productive rural communities through place-conscious approaches to pedagogy (Gruenewald, 2003). At the center of this call is a concern to ensure the provision of high-quality education for children in rural families and the need for well-trained teachers who are personally and professionally equipped to address the educational needs of their communities.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Plant disease management in organic farming systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Organic farming ( OF ) has significantly increased in importance in recent decades. Disease management in OF is largely based on the maintenance of biological diversity and soil health by balanced crop rotations, including nitrogen‐fixing and cover crops, intercrops, additions of manure and compost and reductions in soil tillage. Most soil‐borne diseases are naturally suppressed, while foliar diseases can sometimes be problematic. Only when a severe disease outbreak is expected are pesticides used that are approved for OF . A detailed overview is given of cultural and biological control measures. Attention is also given to regulated pesticides. We conclude that a systems approach to disease management is required, and that interdisciplinary research is needed to solve lingering disease problems, especially for OF in the tropics. Some of the organic regulations are in need of revision in close collaboration with various stakeholders. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Seven new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller, 1902 (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae) from the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions with notes on peculiar rare species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Galinskaya, Tatiana V., Shatalkin, Anatoly I. (2018): Seven new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller, 1902 (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae) from the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions with notes on peculiar rare species. Zootaxa 4402 (1): 113-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.5
Dose-response relationships and potential thresholds in the induction of mutagenesis and the influence of DNA repair and cell cycle progression.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ECNIS is a Network of Excellence within the European Union’s Sixth Framework Programme, Priority \n5: Food Quality and Safety. It brings together some of the best European research groups \nin a concerted effort to achieve improved understanding of the environmental causes of cancer, \nof the potential of diet to prevent cancer, and of the ways by which heredity can affect individual \nsusceptibility to carcinogens, with the ultimate aim of reducing the cancer burden in Europe. \nECNIS is coordinated by Prof. Konrad Rydzynski, The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, \nSw. Teresy 8, 91-348 ¸Lodz, Poland. \nThis review has been prepared as part of ECNIS Work Package 10: Mechanistic research to support \ncancer hazard and risk assessment.
Four Thousand Forgotten Generations: The Longue Durée in African History Challenges Mission, Theology and Piety

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract With a few notable exceptions the history of Christianity in the regions of Black Africa begins around 1800 or later. The bulk of missiological work on the continent naturally concentrates on the 10 generations in which evangelisation has taken place and churches have grown. But the human race has a history of 4–5,000 generations in Africa. Is it possible to build a bridge between the missiological concern with recent Christian history, and the long perspectives which the continent offers the general historian? The author essays a Christian approach to the millennia in which African populations, with little input from outside, have survived by the quality of their knowledge of, and thinking about, their environment – the ability humans always had to observe and to ratiocinate. He argues that over 4–5,000 generations humans in Africa have practised what we call science, interleaved with what we call religion. This view gives missiologists a basis for a positive approach to pre-Christian belief and ritual in Africa, but challenges us also to ask if Christian practice there has paid enough attention to traditional centres of intellectual articulation among its peoples.
OPERATORS THAT ARE NUCLEAR WHENEVER THEY ARE NUCLEAR FOR A LARGER RANGE SPACE

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let $X$ be a Banach space and let $Y$ be a closed subspace of a Banach space $Z$. The following theorem is proved. Assume that $X^*$ or $Z^*$ has the approximation property. If there exists a bounded linear extension operator from $Y^*$ to $Z^*$, then any bounded linear operator $T:X\rightarrow Y$ is nuclear whenever $T$ is nuclear from $X$ to $Z$. The particular case of the theorem with $Z=Y^{**}$ is due to Grothendieck and Oja and Reinov. Numerous applications are presented. For instance, it is shown that a bounded linear operator $T$ from an arbitrary Banach space $X$ to an $\mathcal{L}_\infty$-space $Y$ is nuclear whenever $T$ is nuclear from $X$ to some Banach space $Z$ containing $Y$ as a subspace. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46B20; 46B28; 47B10
Rubella-antibodies in school children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A serological survey was carried out to determine the incidence of rubella antibodies in sera from 725 normal Danish school children aged 5-18. The children were randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Rubella antibodies were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study shows that immunity rose with increasing age of the children to a level of 85 percent in the age group 16-18 years. There was no significant difference between the sexes.