jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Positive emotion-specific changes in the gene expression profile of tickled rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in gene expression after tactile stimulation (tickling) accompanied by positive emotion in the adolescent rat brain. We observed a positive emotional response (50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations) after tickling using a modified version of the Panksepp method, and then comprehensively compared gene expression levels in the hypothalamus of the tickled rats and control rats using the microarray technique. After 4 weeks of stimulation, the expression levels of 321 of the 41,012 genes (including transcripts) were changed; 136 genes were up-regulated (>1.5-fold) and 185 were down-regulated (>0.67-fold) in the tickled rat group. Upon ontology analysis, the up-regulated genes were assigned to the following Gene Ontology (GO) terms: feeding behavior, neuropeptide signaling pathway, biogenic amine biosynthesis and catecholamine biosynthesis. Down-regulated genes were not assigned to any GO term categorized as a biological process. In conclusion, repeated tickling stimulation with positive emotion affected neuronal circuitry directly and/or indirectly, and altered the expression of genes related to the regulation of feeding in the adolescent rat hypothalamus.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN WEST VIRGINIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

OLS and 2SLS regressions and cross-sectional county data are used to examine the major determinants of poverty and income inequality in rural counties of West Virginia. The empirical findings confirm the possibility of simultaneity between poverty and income inequality. Poverty is the main determinant of increased levels of income inequality.
Native defects in LiTaO3 photocatalyst : a DFT study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

First principle calculations based on density-functional theory were conducted to investigate the formation energies of various native defects in lithium tantalate, LiTaO3, a prospective photo catalyst for the splitting of water. The formation of various defects is found to be sensitive to the growth conditions that LiTaO3 is subjected to. Vacancy defects formation is easier (difficult) when corresponding element concentration is poor (rich). The element rich condition also promotes the formation of corresponding interstitial defects. Cation antisite defects (LiTa and TaLi) are more easily formed at Li-rich & Ta-poor and Ta-rich & Li-poor conditions. VLi-, VTa5- and LiTa4- are deep acceptors whereas VO2+, TaLi4+, ILi+ and ITa5+ are shallow donors. TaLi4+ is found to be the most stable defect species in all growth conditions. VLi is stable at Li-poor and O-rich condition whereas VTa and LiTa are stable at O-rich and Ta poor conditions. At O-rich & Li-poor and O-poor & metal (Li and Ta) rich conditions, LiTaO3 is a very good n-type semiconductor and has high carrier electrons concentration. These results agree well with experimental findings.
Droughts, Migration and Population in Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2000, Kenya has experienced an increase in the frequency of droughts, significantly affecting agriculture and driving labor force migration. This paper investigates strategic migration patterns among farmers and pastoralists in response to repetitive droughts. I use fine-grained data that enables the capture of shortdistance migration and heterogeneity, combining satellite-based data on daily rainfalls (CHIRPS) with exhaustive censuses from 1989,1999, and 2009. I use a two-way fixed-effect model to exploit the spatial variation in drought frequency across 2,518 sub-locations, comparing their demographic growth according to the number of dryrainy seasons over each decade. First, I show that increased drought frequency triggers out-migration, as one additional drought decreases demographic growth by 1.7 p.p, equivalent to a 1% population decline. This result is consistent within the [15; 65] age group, excluding other demographic effects and confirming migration as the driving factor. The main contribution of this paper is the identification of different migration strategies across livelihoods. Rural areas dominated by pastoral activities experience significant out-migration, leading to a rural-rural shift from pastoral to agriculture-oriented regions. Herders' migration displays little heterogeneity, suggesting the migration of entire households and consistent with migration as a last resort. Agricultural rural areas are less vulnerable to drought and display significant heterogeneity. The results show the migration of the most educated individuals in the working age, while uneducated individuals are trapped in affected areas. This paper highlights the importance of using detailed data to understand diverse migration strategies, thereby facilitating the implementation of effective policies.
NETBEANS JAVA-BASED SCHOLARSHIP ADMISSION DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM ON SMK INSAN TEKNOKRAT BEKASI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research aims to develop a Java NetBeans-based decision support system (SPK) for scholarship acceptance at Bekasi Insan Teknokrat Vocational School (Jaya Cimuning). This system uses the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method in the decision-making process to assess the eligibility of scholarship recipients based on certain criteria. The SAW method is integrated in the NetBeans Java development environment, and the results are evaluated for speed, accuracy, and user satisfaction level. This research resulted in a system that was successfully implemented, achieving an accuracy rate of 90% in assessing the eligibility of scholarship recipients. User evaluation shows a satisfaction rate of 85%, indicating a good user interface and ease of use of the system. This system makes a positive contribution to efficiency and transparency in the scholarship acceptance process at Bekasi Insan Teknocrat Vocational School. The research conclusion shows that this decision support system can be an effective tool in supporting the scholarship acceptance process. Development recommendations include improvements to the user interface, adding additional features, and further integration with the school's administrative systems. The results of this research provide a basis for further development in the field of decision support systems and their application in educational contexts.
Biomimetic chitin hydrogel via chemical transformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Chitin hydrogel has been recognized as a promising material for various biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the fabrication of strong chitin hydrogel remains a big challenge because of the insolubility of chitin in many solvents and the reduced chain length of chitin regenerated from solutions. We herein introduce the fabrication of chitin hydrogel with biomimetic structure through the chemical transformation of chitosan, which is a water-soluble deacetylated derivative of chitin. The reacetylation of the amino group in chitosan endows the obtained chitin hydrogel with outstanding resistance to swelling, degradation, extreme temperature and pH conditions, and organic solvents. The chitin hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties while retaining a high water content (more than 95 wt.%). It also shows excellent antifouling performance that it resists the adhesion of proteins, bacteria, blood, and cells. Moreover, as the initial chitosan solution can be feasibly frozen and templated by ice crystals, the chitin hydrogel structure can be either nacre-like or wood-like depending on the freezing method of the precursory chitosan solution. Owing to these anisotropic structures, such chitin hydrogel can exhibit anisotropic mechanics and mass transfer capabilities. The current work provides a rational strategy to fabricate chitin hydrogels and paves the way for its practical applications as a superior biomedical material.
EVALUATING OCCUPATIONAL DOSE MONITORING IN RADIOLOGY: A CASE STUDY OF RADIOGRAPHERS AT FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE JALINGO

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: One essential component of radiological safety is occupational dose monitoring (ODM), which shields radiation workers from any radiation health-related concerns. Radiographers are frequently exposed to different radiation levels, which calls for strict monitoring and control procedures to guarantee their safety. This study aims to assess the level of Radiographers' occupational dose level (ODL). It will also assess whether the current dose limits are effective and in line with international radiation safety standards. Methods: This was a questionnaire-based study. Ethical approval was sought from the institution’s ethics committee. Participants were only Radiographers and were actively involved in routine Departmental activities within the last 12 months at the study site. Consented Radiographers were recruited and issued a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire contains closed-ended questions on demography, personnel radiation dose level, and their perceived effectiveness of institutional radiation protection practices. Data was processed and expressed in terms of frequency and proportions. Results: A total of 26 responses were collected, with 79.9% (n=20) being male and 23.1% (n=6) being female. Radiographers with B. Rad. degrees were the highest with 34.6% (n=9). About 66.4% (n=17) of Radiographers operate within safe dose limits, while 34.6% (9) are within the maximum permissible dose of 20mSv. There was effective implementation of safety measures and adherence to radiation protection guidelines as 81% (n=25) of respondents were satisfied with the effectiveness of ODM at the study center. Key radiation protection practices such as the presence of lead lining walls, use of TLDs, and working closely with regulated authorities among others. Conclusion: Primary radiation workers are conscious of ODL and working within the recommendations. The institutionalized radiation protection measures are effective and they closely collaborate with relevant authorities on best radiation protection practices at the study site.
Anisotropic-Isotropic Transition of Cages at the Glass Transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter k for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ϕ_{c}. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction ϕ∝q_{1}^{d} is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with d>D, in contrast to d=D in the glass regime, where q_{1} is the first peak position of structure factor, and D is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of k. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on k. These findings reveal that the structural parameter k is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.
Older Driver Performance across Six Naturalistic Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aggregated and analyzed naturalistic data from six NHTSA-sponsored studies to determine the extent older drivers’ scores on clinical measures were associated with ability to control their vehicles, including traffic control devices and maintaining proper lane position. Researchers also examined the association between the clinical measures and indices of driving exposure (total mileage and total driving time, exposure to high-speed and limited-access roadways, and other situations). Analyses of NHTSA on-road performance and naturalistic driving data explored whether participants with poorer driving skills were more likely to limit their overall driving (time or miles), avoid difficult conditions, or otherwise self-regulate. Researchers used the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study, yielded findings suggesting significant differences in driver responses in crash and near-crash events tied to measures of both cognitive and physical function.
Opportunities with Nano-Formulations in Cancer Chemoprevention

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer is a communal health issue with a yearly increase in fatality rates and the world's largest cause of mortality. Most of the cancers in the world are due to several behavioral and environmental risks that are potentially compliant. Cancer is accountable for up to 1.5 million cancer deaths a year. Until now, scientists have made attempts to develop a variety of chemoprevention and treatment methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, but more research is still needed to discover novel approaches to cancer treatment. This chapter outlines current achievements in nano-formulation-based chemoprevention techniques for various forms of cancer. Nanotechnology has yielded numerous promising discoveries, including drug delivery. Antitumor medications and biomolecules, like antibodies peptides, and many additional compounds, can be joined with nanoparticles to recognize highly specific tumors; those are important in cancer cell diagnosis and screening. Nano-formulations contain particles smaller than 100 nm, and the medicine is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated, or linked to the drug carriers. Because of their nano size, wide surface area, the inclusion of both hydrophilic and lipophilic elements, long circulation period, and multifunctionality, these drug carriers have outstanding qualities in terms of absorption, targeting, and safety.
Öğrenme Kuramlarına Göre Çocuklara Yabancı Dil Öğretimi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Teaching Foreign Language to Children According to Learning Theories- In parallel with the increasing struggles of both private and state institutions to teach foreign languages all over the world, in Turkey again in state and private schools age of acquisition of a foreign language has been reduced. The aim of this study is to discuss some issues related with teaching foreign language to children which has become a hot topic due to the start of Ministry of National Education’s (MoNE) teaching English to second grade primary school students as of 2013-2014 academic year. In this study we first addressed the considerations regarding the definition of child learners and which age group individuals are considered as child learner. Then we discussed general education theories and language learning theories about children and the methodologies inspired from those theories. We also tried to show to what extent the widely held belief that younger learners learn a second language better than relatively older learners do is true. Finally, we discussed the idea that foreign language teaching addresses the three aspects (cognitive, motor, and affective development of children) of the primary school curricula.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Trimethinecyanines of the 1,3‐Dioxenium Series with Nucleophiles. The Structures of the Parent Carbocation and Product of Its Reaction with Methanol.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal ways for companies to use Facebook as a marketing channel

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Social media has increased as a marketing channel, and Facebook is the biggest social media company globally. Facebook contains both positive and negative information about companies; therefore, it is important for companies to manage their Facebook page to best serve their own interests. Although most users are familiar with business and marketing activities on Facebook, they use it primarily for fun and personal purposes. The most effective methods for companies to use Facebook have not been clear. The personal nature of Facebook presents unique challenges for companies by raising ethical and social responsibility issues that are important to users. The purpose of this paper is to discover how companies can optimize their use of Facebook as a marketing channel. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted. The respondents were 158 users of Facebook in Sweden; complete answers were provided by all respondents. In a series of specific questions and comments, the respondents were asked to describe an optimal marketing solution on Facebook for companies. They rated different functions, which were illustrated with pictures, to help in the cognitive process and to avoid misunderstandings. Findings Most users who have an opinion on the issue accept marketing on Facebook, but only in the right amount. There are basically two groups: those who think that companies have no place on Facebook and those who want companies to be active on Facebook. The latter group emphasizes the importance of meaningful posts without unsolicited sales messages, and would prefer to search for the companies themselves rather than being bombarded by company messages. By far, status updates and pictures/images were found to be the most important functions to respondents. Research limitations/implications The sample consisted of only Swedish users. Another limitation was that, since many Facebook users do not normally think about the implications of being exposed to marketing on Facebook, they have difficulty taking a position on many issues related to the service. Practical implications The results give companies a clear idea of how to effectively use Facebook in their marketing efforts. Originality/value A large number of companies are currently asking themselves, “How can we use Facebook in an optimal way?” The results in this study answer this question and lead directly to saving time and resources for these companies.
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221110069 - Supplemental material for Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum causing Brown-Séquard syndrome: a case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221110069 for Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum causing Brown-Séquard syndrome: a case report and literature review by Yeqiu Xu, Yuanzhuang Zhang, Yinzhou Luo, Guanzhen Qiu, Yize Liu, Wei Zhao and Yong Wang in Journal of International Medical Research
Comparative Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Safeners for Chloroacetamide Herbicides in Maize Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In growth room bioassays, four herbicide safeners {BAS-145138: 1-dichloroacetyl-hexa-hydro-3,3,8a-trimethyl-pyrrolo(1,2a)pyrimidin-6(2H)-one, dichlormid: N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide, flurazole: phenylmethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-thiazole-carboxylate and MG-191: 2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane} were compared for their effective­ ness in reducing metazachlor {N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1-pyrazolylmethyl)-chloroacet-amide} injury to maize seedlings. Three of these compounds (BAS-145138, dichlormid and MG-191) and two different compounds (AD-67: N-dichloroacetyl-1-oxa-4-azaspiro-4,5-de-cane and DKA-24: N ,N 2 -diallyl-N 2 -dichloroacetylglycineamide) were also evaluated as safe­ners for acetochlor {N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(ethoxymethyl)chloroacetamide} in maize seedlings. Both BAS-145138 and dichlormid were highly effective as safeners for metazachlor and BAS-145138 and DKA-24 were equally good safeners for acetochlor. Metazachlor and acetochlor uptake and metabolism by maize seedlings were enhanced sig­nificantly in response to treatment with every safener examined. Rates of metazachlor and acetochlor uptake and metabolism were greatest in seedlings treated with BAS-145138 -the most effective safener. In the absence of any safener treatment, the non-enzymatic conjugation of the herbicides with glutathione either exceeded (metazachlor) or was similar (acetochlor) to enzymatic conjugation. However, the rate of enzymatic conjugation was generally increased by safener treat­ ment. This was particularly true when the herbicide ( 14 C-labeled) was employed as a conjuga­tion substrate instead of the less specific substrate, CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). A significant linear correlation was observed between safener effectiveness and rates of metazachlor metabolism or glutathione S-transferase activity in maize seedlings. However, a similar correlation could not be established for the five compounds evaluated as safeners for acetochlor.
[Viral origin of Paget's disease of bone?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The viral aetiology of Paget's bone disease was suspected by the finding, in 1974, of microcylindric paramyxovirus nucleocapsid-like inclusions in nuclei and cytoplasm of pagetic osteoclast. Paramyxovirus antigens were detected, using monoclonal antibodies, in the osteoclasts of pagetic lesions. Paramyxovirus RNA sequences were identified in Paget's bone tissue, predominantly in osteoclasts, using specific hybridization. However, these last results are conflicting because some reports failed to reproduce hybridization with Paramyxovirus. Nevertheless, Paramyxovirus could be responsible for the cytopathologic aspect of multinucleated osteoclasts for the stimulation of hyperexpression, in Paget's disease, of interleukin 6 and of c-fos oncogene known to enhance osteoclastic resorption activity.
The Occurrence and Viability of Giardia Cysts in Scottish Raw and Final Waters

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The occurrence of Giardia cysts in Scottish raw and potable waters was investigated. Giardia cysts were detected in 49% of raw waters, with concentrations of up to 1.05 cysts per litre, and in 19% of final waters, with concentrations of up to 1.67 cysts per litre. In some of the positive water samples the viability of the cysts was assessed by viewing the cyst morphology and inclusion/exclusion of propidium iodide. Viable cysts were detected in a proportion of both raw waters and positive final waters studied. Further investigations at 21 water‐treatment plants revealed cysts in 9 (43%) of the raw waters, and in 4 (19%) of the final waters. Cysts were only detected in the final waters of plants in which cysts were also detected in the raw water. These data indicate that viable Giardia cysts may be ingested with potable water in Scotland.
Weed suppression by Buckwheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To clarify the allelopathic effects of buckwheat on weeds, buckwheat was cultivated alone and with weeds under field condition. Weed plot, where weeds were left as they grew, was also established. Each treatment had three replications. Buckwheat biomass and yield were not influenced by weeds, but total weed biomass in buckwheat-weed plot was only 28 % of that in weed plot. The biomass of Amaranthus lividus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli and Portulaca oleracea was severely reduced by buckwheat. Bioassay showed that the root elongation of the seedlings of E. crus-galli var. crus-galli and P. oleracea was significantly inhibited by water extracts from the soil where buckwheat was cultivated. These results indicate that buckwheat is a successful competitor against weeds and this is partly due to the allelopathic effects of buckwheat.