jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of alternative dietary oils on immune response, expression of immune‐related genes and disease resistance in juvenile Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The expression of immune-related genes and immune responses to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated on Oreochromis niloticus (6.07 ± 0.07 g), by feeding them six different diets for 8 weeks to apparent satiation. Diets contained fish oil (60g/kg FO), virgin coconut oil (60g/kg VCO) and corn oil (60g/kg CO) as sole lipids or blends of 30g/kg FO + 30g/kg VCO (3FVCO), 30g/kg FO + 30g/kg CO (3FCO) and 30g/kg VCO + 30g/kg CO (VO). Fish fed 3FCO recorded higher final weight, percentage weight gain (%WG) and specific growth rate (%SGR) but not significantly higher than all other groups. Triglyceride was higher in fish fed 3FCO than 3FVCO and CO (p ˂ 0.05), whereas total immunoglobulin (TIg) was not significant (p ˂ 0.05) between groups. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in fish fed diet CO while groups FO, 3FCO and VCO recorded the least activities (p ˂ 0.05). Although alternative complement activity (ACH50), complement proteins (C3 and C4), was not influenced, antibody titre production was significantly higher in fish fed diet 3FCO and lower in group CO. mRNA expression of IL-1β was significantly upregulated in fish fed VO while the expression of C-type lysozyme and TGF-β was not significantly influenced across treatments, although group fed FO recorded higher expression levels, respectively. Lower mortalities of fish were recorded in groups fed 3FCO and VO after 14 days postchallenge with A. hydrophila disease indicating the enhancing effects of vegetable oils to boost immune response and resistance to disease. The study concludes that alternative lipid sources with high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs-ALA and LA) (CO) and blend of saturated fatty acids (SFA)(VCO) can partially and or exclusively replace FO with an improved effect on tilapia and resistance to A. hydrophila in tilapia.
ATR Spent Fuel Options Study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) is a materials and fuels test nuclear reactor that performs irradiation services for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Naval Reactors, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), and other research programs. ATR achieved initial criticality in 1967 and is expected to operate in support of needed missions until the year 2050 or beyond. It is anticipated that ATR will generate approximately 105 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) elements per year through the year 2050. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) currently stores 2,008 ATR SNF elements in dry storage, 976 in wet storage, and expects to have 1,000 elements in wet storage before January 2017. A capability gap exists at INL for long-term (greater than the year 2050) management, in compliance with the Idaho Settlement Agreement (ISA), of ATR SNF until a monitored retrievable geological repository is open. INL has significant wet and dry storage capabilities that are owned by the DOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) and operated and managed by Fluor Idaho, which include the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center’s (INTEC’s) CPP-666, CPP-749, and CPP-603. In addition, INL has other capabilities owned by DOE-NE and operated and managed by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA), which are located at the Materials and Fuel Complex (MFC). Additional storage capabilities are located on the INL Site at the Naval Reactors Facility (NRF). Current INL SNF management planning, as defined in the Fluor Idaho contract, shows INTEC dry fuel storage, which is currently used for ATR SNF, will be nearly full after transfer of an additional 1,000 ATR SNF from wet storage. DOE-NE tasked BEA with identifying and analyzing options that have the potential to fulfill this capability gap. BEA assembled a team comprised of SNF management experts from Fluor Idaho, Savannah River Site (SRS), INL/BEA, and the MITRE Corp with an objective of developing and analyzing options for fulfilling the capability gap. This management options analysis is not an alternatives analysis as defined by DOE Order 413.3B; rather, it is an evaluation of near-term, mid term and long-term actions needed to fulfill the capability gap. The actions are described in sufficient detail to inform stakeholders and DOE decision makers regarding a potential path forward. The recommended path forward will inform Fiscal Year 2019 budget formulation, support potential National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses, and may or may not include capital asset projects.
Fatigue and Wear Evaluation of Ti-15Al-33Nb(at.%) and Ti-21Al-29Nb(at.%) Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work the fatigue and wear behavior of Ti-15Al-33Nb(at.%) and Ti-21Al-29Nb(at.%) was evaluated and compared to that for other titanium-based biomedical implant alloys, in particular Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%). Fatigue stress versus life curves were obtained for tests performed at room temperature in air at a stress ratio of R = 0.1 for maximum stresses between 75%–90% of the ultimate tensile strength. The results indicated that the fatigue strength and lives of the as-processed alloys are comparable to that for Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%). Heat treatment significantly increased the orthorhombic-phase volume fractions in the alloys and resulted in reduced fatigue strength. The wear resistance for the alloys was significantly greater than that for Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%). Based on the current results, it is proposed that titanium-aluminum-niobium alloys will be of considerable future interest for biomedical applications.
A Novel Approach in Power System State Estimation Based on a System-State Controller

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper summarizes an optimal state estimation that previously has been used in power systems and discusses the robustness of the by using a system-state controller. Static state estimation (SSE) traditionally tries to linearize power systems' measurement functions in a simple Gauss-Newton method optimization problem to obtain the best estimation of our system states. However, SSE would not be able to respond to system dynamics very well since it ignores to consider system nonlinearities. A state-space controller and a new solution method is deployed to overcome that difficulties. A set of simulation results is provided to confirm the suitability of the solution.
Influence of Various Fold Mechanisms on Fold Geometry in Growth Faulted Areas: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Growth faults and associated folds are the dominant structural features along many passive margins, including the U. S. Gulf Coast. Most of the exploration effort in these areas is directed toward prediction of fold geometry and location of fold crests. Previous attempts to explain geometry have focused on only one folding mechanism per fold. A new concept presented in this paper is that multiple folding mechanisms are operative and variously contribute to the geometry of each fold. Recognition of the dominant fold mechanism enhances prediction of fold geometry. Folding caused by growth faulting, or tectonic folding, causes fold crests to shift basinward with depth. Drape compaction causes vertical alignment of fold crests, and differential compaction puts fold crests in the area of greatest sandstone percentage. Folds dominated by tectonic folding lie within the concave trace of growth faults. Tectonic folds bulge upward above regional dip, a phenomenon here termed upfolding. An isopach of an interval above an upfold reveals thickening in all directions away from the fold crest. If upfolds have sufficient relief, shallower layers may align vertically due to the dominance of drape compaction. Subsurface studies of gas fields along the central Texas Gulf Coast provide examples of the contribution of various mechanisms to a single fold. Separ ting the contribution of fold mechanisms aids in prediction of fold geometry and has important implications for hydrocarbon exploration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 455------------
A Literature Review and Statistical Analysis of Turkish Agricultural Data: Assessing Crop Dependence on Insect Pollinators in Türkiye

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study delves into the critical role of pollination in shaping the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Insect pollination, with a primary focus on Apis Mellifera L., is identified as an indispensable element in the development of a significant proportion of global agricultural crops. Moreover, the study underscores the multifaceted benefits of insect pollination, not only enhancing crop production but also elevating the overall quality of produce. Fruits and oilseeds are cited as beneficiaries of bee pollination, resulting in larger, higherquality crops with extended shelf lives. Commercial crop pollination relies mainly on managed honeybees. The study elucidates the versatility, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability of honeybee colonies for pollination purposes. However, it is noted that honey bee populations are dwindling due to factors such as parasites, pesticide usage, limited floral resources, and Nosema infection, which poses a potential risk to agricultural crop pollination. The research focuses on insect pollination due to its crucial role in the process. The goal of this study is to find out what percentage of Turkish crops depend on insects to pollinate them. Data on plants requiring insect pollination were obtained through a comprehensive literature review, while data on Turkish agricultural products were sourced from the Turkish Statistical Institute. This comprehensive study explores the vital role of insect pollinators in Turkish agriculture. This statement highlights the crucial role of plant and animal production in meeting the nutritional needs of societies, while emphasizing the importance of increasing the size of agricultural cultivation areas to enhance overall agricultural productivity.
Draft Sector Suite Console Requirements Specification.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Draft Sector Suite Console Requirements Specification itemizes the physical and performance characteristics of the AAS Sector Suite. The purpose of this document is to provide specifications that will ensure that the Sector Suite will accommodate the anthropometric and psychophysical attributes of the controller population. Functional capabilities are specified which support the controller-machine interface. Included topics in this specification are: definition of the SS workstation, input device requirements, output device requirements, physical characteristics, and environmental considerations. As such, these requirements address the operational controller-machine interface of the Sector Suite.
Automated atomic force metrology applications for alternating aperture phase-shift masks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the acceptance of AAPSM's by most major semiconductor manufacturers, it is necessary to build a significant number of these masks in a cost effective and controlled manner. Optical methods of metrology used for many years in the photomask industry for binary masks are unsuitable for certain metrology applications related to AAPSM manufacture and repair. Recent work performed on a Dimension 9000M-PM automated atomic force microscope shows promise for both process control and defect review applications for AAPSM's and overcome some of the limitations of optical and SEM based metrologies. AFM metrology is shown to be able to quantify shifter step heights and phase error for features as small as 100 nm. Further, these systems are able to read in defect coordinate maps and automatically drive to these sites and scan. The scanned data provides pixel-by-pixel height data that can be used by repair tools to establish the proper dose for defect ablation.
A Prediction Tool for the Presence of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Uropathogens upon Hospital Admission

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens is a particularly pressing problem in the Asia-Pacific region. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and susceptibility of uropathogens upon hospital admission and to develop a risk-scoring model to predict the presence of ceftriaxone-resistance uropathogens (CrP). This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with a positive urine culture within 48 h of presentation at National University Hospital, Singapore between June 2015 and August 2015. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen isolated (51.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (15.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.2%). Overall, 372 out of 869 isolates (42.8%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Hospitalization for ≥2 days within past 30 days, antibiotic use within the past 3 months and male gender were associated with the presence of CrP. A risk score based on these parameters successfully predicted CrP with an area under the curve of 0.68. The risk score will help clinicians to accurately predict antibiotic resistance at the individual patient level and allow physicians to safely prescribe empiric ceftriaxone in patients at low risk of CrP, thus reducing the antibiotic selection pressure that is driving carbapenem resistance in hospitals throughout Asia.
Data from Sonic Hedgehog and Gli1 Expression Predict Outcome in Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway is implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumorigenesis. We investigated the prognostic and predictive value of four Hh signaling proteins and of the tumor stromal density.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, the expression of Shh, Gli1, SMO, and PTCH1 was assessed in 567 patients from three independent cohorts who underwent surgical resection for PDAC. In 82 patients, the tumor stromal index (SI) was calculated, and its association with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was investigated.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Shh and Gli1 protein abundance were independent prognostic factors in resected PDACs; low expressors for those proteins experiencing a better OS and DFS. The combination of Shh and Gli1 levels was the most significant predictor for OS and defined 3 clinically relevant subgroups of patients with different prognosis (Gli1 and Shh low; HR set at 1 vs. 3.08 for Shh or Gli1 high vs. 5.69 for Shh and Gli1 high; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The two validating cohorts recapitulated the findings of the training cohort. After further stratification by lymph node status, the prognostic significance of combined Shh and Gli1 was maintained. The tumor SI was correlated with Shh levels and was significantly associated with OS (<i>P</i> = 0.023).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Shh and Gli1 are prognostic biomarkers for patients with resected PDAC. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1215–24. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Galvanic stimulation of the tongue as a prognostic index in Bell's palsy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fluoresceinretinography-Skovborg and LauitzenMast a single blood dot by ordinary ophthalmoscopy of these patients.By microscopy of the retina it is also rather unusual to find microaneurysms.These facts combined with the observation that fluorescent dots disappear quickly during treatment of the hypertension (Hodge and Dollery, 1964) indicate that the fluorescent dots are due to exudates which are not ophthalmoscopically visible.Summary Some of the results from fluoresceinretinography of diabetic patients are demonstrated, and the interpretation of some of the observations is discussed.It is concluded that most of the small fluorescent dots which appear in diabetics and hyper- tensive patients can be interpreted as small exudates rather than microaneurysms.
Guidelines for Converting Existing Courses into Web-Based Format.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports research in progress. It presents information in the literature on converting traditional courses into Web-Based format. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part makes an introduction to Distance Education (DE) and Web-Based Instruction (WBI) which combines features from both face-toface classroom instruction and DE. The second part discusses current Instructional Design (ID) models for WBI. In the third part, findings from the literature on converting existing courses into Web-based format are discussed. This part includes information in the following categories: How to start the conversion to the WBI, student and instructor support, design issues, interaction among people, and assessment. In the last part, a model proposing an orderly process for converting courses into Web-Based format will be explained.
Prognostic value of anti-Plasmodium falciparum-specific immunoglobulin G3, cytokines, and their soluble receptors in West African patients with severe malaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-one African patients suffering from clinically defined severe malaria were studied in the intensive medical care unit of the main hospital in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa. All of these individuals lived in Greater Dakar, an area of low and seasonal Plasmodium falciparum endemicity. Twenty-seven patients (mean age +/- 1 standard deviation, 19.2 +/- 12.7 years) survived this life-threatening episode, but 14 (30.8 +/- 16.2 years old) died despite initiation of adequate treatment. On the day of admission (day 0) and 3 days later, one to two blood samples (i.e., approximately 10 to 15 ml) were obtained from each subject, and different biological parameters were evaluated in the two groups. Plasma samples were tested for their content in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble receptors I and II for TNF-alpha (TNF-alpha sRI and TNF-alpha sRII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 sR, IL-10, and IL-2 sR. The concentrations of all these cytokines and/or their receptors was significantly elevated in patient plasma samples on day 0, and it rapidly decreased in the group of individuals who survived. By comparison, the mean concentration of the same parameters decreased slowly in the group of patients who died (except for IL-10, which dramatically fell in all patient plasma samples soon after initiation of antimalarial treatment). The TNF-alpha sRI level remained significantly elevated among the patients who died, and the highest levels of soluble TNF-alpha sRI receptor were found among the older patients. Parasite-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a crude extract of a local P. falciparum isolate as antigen and human class- and subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. Parasite-specific IgM, total IgG, and IgG1 were detectable in the plasma samples of most of these African patients, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 mean values were low. The mean level of parasite-specific IgG3 was different (P = 0.024) at day 0, i.e., before initiation of intensive medical care, between the group of the 27 surviving subjects and the group of 14 patients dying of severe malaria. As a consequence, most of the African patients who died had only trace amounts or almost no detectable level of parasite-specific IgG3 at the time of admission. In contrast, the presence of even limited IgG3 activity at day 0 was found to be associated with a significantly increased probability of recovering from severe malaria. Therefore, in our study, both an elevated level of TNF-alpha sRI and absence of IgG3 activity were of bleak prognostic significance, whereas a favorable outcome was usually observed when parasite-specific IgG3 activity was detectable. This finding was strongly suggestive of a prime role for these parasite-specific immunoglobulins in the capacity to help recovery from severe malaria.
Bioadhesive Formulation-Buccal Films

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bioadhesive formulations have a wide scope of appli cation for both systemic and local effects of drugs . The mucosa is relatively permeable, well supplied with both vascular and lymphatic drainage. Various drug delivery systems are their which uses the oral mucosa as a d rug delivery site such as ‐ fast dissolving tablets , orodissolving films, fast caps, buccoadheshive film and tablets, chewing gums etc. Buccal patches are evaluated in terms of Physical characteristics of p atches, Physical appearance, Surface texture, Thick ness uniformity of films, Uniformity of weight of patche s, Swelling studies, Invitro biadhesion measurement , Percentage moisture loss, Surface pH, Folding Endur ance, Content Uniformity Of Patches, Invitro release studies, Exvivo buccal permeation study .
Dermatological consultations in the COVID-19 era: is teledermatology the key to social distancing? An Egyptian experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Teledermatology was efficient in triaging and treatment, hence, decreasing risk of COVID-19 exposure for the physician, the patient and the paramedical personel in heavily populated third world countries. Legislation is needed to sanction physician compensation for tele dermatology where this does not exist.
High frequencies of HIV-1 recombination and the evolutionary potential of a hybrid retrovirus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Retroviruses have a great capacity to evolve in order to over come selection pressures in the environment. Such evolutional power comes from the high mutation rate and the high viral titers that can ensue during an infection. Mutation generates variation in the viral genome. In addition, previous reports found that retroviruses recombine at a relatively high rate. These sources of variation can then be exploited by the population to ensure the presence of advantageous mutations, which become amplified during virus propagation. Because the adaptability is based on the evolutionary potential of the virus, it is essential to study the mechanisms employed in this process. Recombination can accelerate the generation of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 and therefore presents challenges to effective antiviral therapy. We determined that HIV-1 recombination rates with markers 1.0, 1.3, and 1.9 kb apart were 42.4, 50.4, and 47.4% in one round of viral replication. Because the predicted recombination rate of two unlinked markers is 50%, we conclude that markers 1 kb apart segregated in a manner similar to two unlinked markers in one round of retroviral replication. These recombination rates are exceedingly high even among retroviruses. To explore how efficiently HIV-1 can assort markers separated by short distances, we developed a flow-cytometry-based system to study recombination. Using this system, we determined that the recombination rates of markers separated by 588, 300, 288, and 103 bp in one round of viral replication are 56, 38, 31, and 12%, respectively, of the theoretical maximum measurable recombination rate. Statistical analyses revealed that at these intervals, recombination rates and marker distances have a near-linear relationship that is part of an overall quadratic fit. Additionally, we examined the effects of target cells and viral accessory proteins on recombination rate. The results indicated that infection of primary T-cells and the presence or absence of accessory proteins had no effect on recombination. These results illustrate the power of recombination in generating viral population variation and predict the rapid assortment of mutations in the HIV-1 genome in infected individuals.