jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gender dynamics, women’s empowerment, and diets: Qualitative findings from an impact evaluation of a nutrition-sensitive poultry value chain intervention in Burkina Faso

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The SELEVER study is a five-year impact evaluation designed to address key knowledge gaps on the impact of a poultry value chain intervention on the diets, health, and nutritional status of women and children in Burkina Faso. This report qualitatively examines the SELEVER program’s impact on women’s empowerment and intra-household gender dynamics in relation to food production and allocation, as well as control and use over poultry resources in the study areas. Six villages across five provinces were purposively selected for this study. Data were collected using multiple qualitative methods. In each village, we conducted four sex-disaggregated focus group discussions, and semi-structured individual interviews were held with a man and a woman from two different households. Sex-disaggregated seasonal calendars were created for half of the villages. Interviews were also conducted with project service providers in each community, including group leaders (n=13), voluntary vaccinators (n=10), and poultry traders (n=6). A mix of inductive and deductive thematic coding guided the analysis of the data. Men and women participants described an empowered woman in terms of her confidence, how she spent her time, financial capacity, and freedom of movement. SELEVER beneficiaries illuminated how gender norms were shifting related to household activities and women’s empowerment, such that young boys are now washing dishes and women earn additional incomes from raising her own poultry. Yet results suggest that women’s empowerment may threaten men and their masculinity, an important tension of which SELEVER and other projects should be cognizant. Participants perceived that while SELEVER has increased women’s access to the necessary resources and capacity to raise quality poultry, and their incomes, women still lack full latitude to make decisions around when to sell or kill their bird. Instead they must rely on their husbands’ permission. Beneficiaries are more aware of the benefits of consuming poultry products, yet barriers persist for actual consumption. This report further details the intersectional nature of these findings, which will be important to consider. The differences in women’s role in monogamous versus polygynous households is especially important to consider in interpreting the program impacts and further strengthening the program delivery activities. The SELEVER program has improved outcomes for women across the village sites in terms of empowerment, awareness raising, and behavior change. Yet barriers and challenges, often rooted in social norms, persist for women’s involvement in poultry production, their empowerment, and the potential for the SELEVER program to improve diets of household members.
Evaluation of El-Demerdash Maternity Hospital Experience in Management of Pregnant Women Diagnosed with Placenta Previa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Placenta previa is a potentially dangerous condition that can affect pregnant women, leading to significant maternal morbidity and adverse perinatal outcomes. Aim of the Work Evaluation of placenta previa management, study of maternal and perinatal outcomes in cases of placenta previa, and study of risk factors for placenta previa. Patients and Methods The study included 80 women with placenta previa who were diagnosed and managed at El-Demerdash Maternity Hospital. Results The sociodemographic characteristics of the included patients showed a preponderance of the ages above 30 years, multiparity, history of previous cesarean section, and history of uterine scarring. Maternal outcomes showed a reasonable decrease in the hemoglobin level postoperatively compared with preoperatively. However, there was a high incidence of blood transfusion. There was an overabundance of general anesthesia performance during surgical intervention. The majority of the placenta previa patients had cesarean delivery; however, there was a low incidence of maternal surgical injuries and mortality. Regarding neonatal outcomes, most of the neonates belonged to the preterm group. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was reported in nearly half of the included patients, attributed to preterm, respiratory distress (RD), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). There was a low incidence of perinatal mortality. Conclusion In El-Demerdash Maternity Hospital, risk factors for placenta previa were age above 30 years, multiparity, history of previous cesarean section, and history of uterine scarring. Most placenta previa patients received conservative surgical management rather than cesarean hysterectomy. Despite the higher rate of conservative surgical management compared to cesarean hysterectomy, maternal surgical morbidity and mortality were low. However, there was a higher frequency of blood transfusion to manage postpartum hemorrhage. Most of the neonates were preterm, and neonatal intensive care unit admission was reported in nearly half of the included patients. There was a low incidence of perinatal mortality.
Figure 4 from: Li B, Wang C, Peng X-J (2021) Four new species of the spider genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from South China (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 1074: 175-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1074.72823

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 4 Left male palp of Synagelides subagoriformis sp. nov., holotype. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm A–D.
The “Plus” of the Outer Surface of a Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide for Arsenic Removal from Water: Synthesis and Adsorption Aspects

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been extensively studied as adsorbents and the outer surface of their layers plays an important role in the global process of adsorption. Arsenic is one of the most important water contaminants, and in addition to its geological occurrence, it is discarded in the nature, for instance, from pesticides and mining. In this work, an LDH magnesium-aluminum intercalated by carbonate ions was prepared on the magnetite core by the co-precipitation method and the equilibrium and thermodynamic aspects were evaluated in the arsenic removal from water. The magnetic core facilitated the adsorbent recovery by the simple application of an external magnetic field, which may be a strategy to enhance its reusability. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and point of zero charge (pHPZC) techniques. The crystalline profile of the LDH phase was kept in the composites formed by a magnetic core. As expected, the characterization analyses evidenced the intercalation of the carbonate ion, and the pHPZC was 8.02, a crucial parameter with regard to the balance of chemical forms of arsenic-containing ions and their dependence on the pH of the reaction medium. The adsorption reaction was endergonic, exothermic and presented negative standard entropy. The Dubinin−Radushkevich isotherm was applied and the adsorption energy (E) was 1.36 kJ mol–1, indicating that the process is ruled by physical forces. Sips and Radke−Prausnitz isotherms were able to fit the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 23 mg g–1, which is lower than the expected if the LDH phase had acted in the removal of arsenic ions using its outer surface plus its capacity of ion exchange, and this step was highly influenced by the pH of the arsenic-containing solution. In addition, as the temperature rose, the equilibrium constant decreased whereas the qm increased, indicating that the temperature has favored the arsenic species diffusion inside the pores of the LDH aggregates. The Mag-LDH presented potential to be further studied as an alternative adsorbent for arsenic removal from water.
The Role of Inter-Organizational Leadership in Agri-Food Value Chains

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For many years research on marketing channel behaviour was focused on power and conflict between channel members. More recently, as a result of globalisation, firms have become more dependent on each other and more collaborative models of channel behaviour have developed to meet the demands of the global marketplace. Research suggests that closer relationships involving trust, commitment, co-operation, co-ordination, and collaboration are needed between chain members to ensure the success of their value chains. The major challenge is to identify and develop leadership styles that foster efficient and collaborative value chains. Generally, the literature suggests that supply chain effectiveness and survival is linked to leadership behaviour. Leader behaviour has needed to adapt to the competitive global environment, which tends to focus on fostering inter-organisational co-operation rather than competing in an adversarial way. In this climate, leaders need to possess supply chain management skills and, perhaps more critically, the ability to establish and maintain effective inter-organisational networks. Early exploratory research in manufacturing suggested that a participatory leadership style is most effective in fostering co-operation and increased supply chain performance.
Biophysical and Biochemical Applications of Fluorescent Tricyclic Cytidine for Nucleic Acid Labeling and DNA Structural Dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intrinsically fluorescent nucleoside analogues with minimally perturbing architecture offer a non-disruptive method for optically studying nucleic acid structure, dynamics, and metabolism. These nucleoside analogues have inherently fluorescent nucleobases, thus replacing the natural canonical bases of DNA, but retain Watson-Crick base-pairing. Minimally perturbing structures are those that induce few or mild adverse deviations from native, unmodified biomolecular conformations. Using fluorescent nucleobases eliminates any disruptive fluorophore conjugation chemistry often employed in conventional labeling strategies. Their minimally perturbing structure better preserves the native biomolecular topography and function of DNA. Since the discovery of 2-aminopurine 51 years ago, a multitude of nucleoside analogue scaffolds have been synthesized, including the tricyclic cytidine (tC) structure that the Purse Lab uses as a platform to develop novel derivatives with varied photophysical properties. Advancing these novel derivatives into meaningful biological applications requires characterization of their fluorescent, biophysical properties in DNA helices, as well as their compatibility with polymerase enzymes for metabolic labeling. This dissertation describes the biophysical characterization of a fluorescence turn-on probe in DNA-RNA hybrids, the polymerization kinetics exhibited by viral reverse transcriptase when incorporating the fluorescent nucleotides into nascent DNA strands, and preliminary cell culture studies with the fluorescent nucleotides. To better understand environmental parameters modulating the turn-on response in the derivative 8-diethylamino tC, spectroscopic experiments with the probe in DNA-RNA hybrids were performed. Shielding from solvent water molecules attenuated excited-state proton transfer and were identified to be a major factor modulating the increase in brightness by up to 37-fold compared to the free nucleoside in water. Michaelis-Menten kinetics for viral reverse transcriptase inserting the nucleotide analogues in growing DNA show efficiencies from 0.09 – 5 times that of natural dCTP across from G, with continued strand elongation. In a simplified model of the reverse transcription cycle, HIV-1 RT effectively recognized the unnatural analogues as the incoming nucleotide substrates and as the templating base during complementary DNA synthesis. Live cell culture work with bacterial and human cells has strongly suggested that tC nucleotides are retained in cells following delivery and that cytotoxicity is not a major concern. The findings of these studies suggest these tC-derivatives are appropriate biophysical tools for applications including sequence detection, DNA/RNA structural changes, and metabolic labeling.
Mast cell-MDSC interactions promote chemokine secretion and parasite expulsion. (P6022)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mast cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are both increased at sites of growing tumors and parasitic infection. We have tested the effects of mast cell-MDSC interactions in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, co-culture of these cells resulted in a significant increase in pro-inflammatory chemokine production, which was attributed to Ly6C+ MDSC. MDSC depletion via gemcitabine treatment in mice infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Trichenlla spiralis drastically increased parasite burden, reminiscent of mast cell-deficient mice. Gemcitabine also decreased mast cell-dependent antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation, while MDSC injection worsened AHR. These data suggest that the evolutionary purpose of MDSC may be to potentiate Th2-induced, mast cell-dependent inflammatory responses.
Reflection: Its Structure and Meaning in Kant's Judgements of Taste

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When Kant announces in a letter to Reinhold that he has discovered a new domain of a priori principles, he situates these principles in a ‘faculty of feeling pleasure and displeasure’ (Zammito 1992: 47). And it is indeed in his Critique of Aesthetic Judgement, named in this letter the Critique of Taste, that we find his elucidation of the relation of the principle of purposiveness to the feeling of pleasure. The kinds of judgements in which our feelings are evaluated in accordance with a principle are what Kant names reflective judgements. And while reflective judgements emerge in the third Critique to include not only judgements of taste, but also judgements of the sublime and teleological judgements of nature, in this paper I will focus on the first, as the question of the relatedness of reflection to pleasure is most pronounced in this context. There is no consensus in Kant scholarship as to what the structure of reflective judgements is, as evidenced by the widely disparate views of those such as Guyer, Allison, Pippin, Ginsborg, Lyotard, and others.
Conjunctival Kaposiâ€™s sarcoma in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patient: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Kaposiâ€™s sarcoma (KS) is malignant neoplasm of the vascular endothelium, caused by Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV 8). Clinical variants consist of classic KS, iatrogenic KS, and AIDS KS. The manifestation of KS in the eye may occur in the eyelids, the lacrimal sac or gland, the orbit and bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva. This case study aims to demonstrate the incidental finding of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma (KS) leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis.Case Presentation: A 34-years old male patient presented with a three-month history of progressively growing reddish mass in bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. A mass with notable aggressive tumor characteristics heightened the suspicion for KS and comprehensive assessments were done accordingly. The patient was found to suffer from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Multistep approach treatment was commenced to treat AIDS-related KS and prevent recurrence in this case.Conclusion: Patients with undiagnosed HIV infection would benefit from early diagnosis initiated by AIDS-defining illnesses such as KS. Given early identification and comprehensive management, KS abridged the time to diagnosis of HIV infection.
[Potential effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptor II gene polymorphisms on the pathogenesis of coal worker's pneumoconiosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TNF-alpha and TNFRII gene polymorphisms does not play an important role in susceptibility to CWP of Han race. TNF-alpha gene promoter polymorphisms might be related with the degree of severe pulmonary fibrosis in CWP.
Staufen1 impairs stress granule formation in skeletal muscle cells from myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is caused by an expansion of CUG repeats (CUG exp ) in the DMPK mRNA 3′UTR. CUG exp -containing mRNAs become toxic to cells by misregulating RNA-binding proteins. Here we investigated the consequence of this RNA toxicity on the cellular stress response. We report that cell stress efficiently triggers formation of stress granules (SGs) in proliferating, quiescent, and differentiated muscle cells, as shown by the appearance of distinct cytoplasmic TIA-1– and DDX3-containing foci. We show that Staufen1 is also dynamically recruited into these granules. Moreover, we discovered that DM1 myoblasts fail to properly form SGs in response to arsenite. This blockage was not observed in DM1 fibroblasts, demonstrating a cell type–specific defect. DM1 myoblasts display increased expression and sequestration of toxic CUG exp mRNAs compared with fibroblasts. Of importance, down-regulation of Staufen1 in DM1 myoblasts rescues SG formation. Together our data show that Staufen1 participates in the inhibition of SG formation in DM1 myoblasts. These results reveal that DM1 muscle cells fail to properly respond to stress, thereby likely contributing to the complex pathogenesis of DM1.
Wind Power Prediction Using a Hybrid Approach with Correction Strategy Based on Risk Evaluation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of renewable energy applications and for managing wind power farms connected to power grid, in this work, is proposed evaluation risk based hybrid strategy for very short-term wind power prediction (VSTWPP) method, it has become more important. VSTWPP is essential in the electricity market for producers and consumers. Power balance of network at any moment must be maintained due to security and quality, and the uncertainty of wind power fluctuation can be reduced by accurate prediction method. This paper focuses on a hybrid approach with correction (HWC) strategy for VSTWPP. In this study, Gaussian model is used to calculate the probability distributions of wind power value and its error for different time periods and different methods. The WPP is achieved in three phases: 1) Ratios of wind power were predicted using hybrid approach of multiple linear regression and least squares; 2) Transformation of these ratios was performed to obtain predicted wind power values; 3) Correction strategy was implemented to obtain the final results of WPP. Comparisons between HWC, hybrid approach without correction (HWoC), autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were done to observe prediction performance. Observation shows that the error of WPP with the proposed HWC was significantly lower than those with other methods.
Corrеlation bеtwееn Dual-Еnеrgy X-Ray Absorptiomеtry and Panoramic Mandibular Indicеs in Prеdiction of Bonе Minеral Dеnsity in Postmеnopausal Fеmalеs

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Ostеoporosis is a systеmic disеasе of thе bonе that is charactеrizеd by rеducеd bonе mass, which lеads to incrеasеd bonе fragility and fracturеparticularly in postmеnopausal womеn.Thе aims of study was toеvaluatе thе rеlationship bеtwееn mandibular radiomorphomеtric indicеs obtainеd on digital panoramic radiographswith thе bonе minеral dеnsitiеs of thе lumbar spinееvaluatеd using dual-еnеrgy X-ray absorptiomеtry (DXA) scan, in a population of ostеoporotic and non-ostеoporotic fеmalеs.
Matеrials and mеthods: In panoramic imagеs obtainеd from 60 fеmalе individuals dividеd еqually into thrее groups: controls (20-30 yеars), non-ostеoporotic post-mеnopausal agеd 50 yеars and abovе and ostеoporotic post-mеnopausal agеd 50 yеars and abovе, thе mеan was calculatеd for mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular indеx (PMI), mandibular cortical indеx (MCI) and gonial anglе indеx (GAI) valuеs mеasurеd in thе right and lеft sidеs of thе mandiblе. Bonе minеral dеnsity (BMD) valuеs wеrе mеasurеd by dual еnеrgy X-ray absorptiomеtry (DXA) scan.
Rеsults: Significant positivе corrеlation (r) was obsеrvеd bеtwееn bonе minеral dеnsity of lumbar vеrtеbraе and MCW (r=0.706) and PMI (r=0.668) of mandiblе, and a nеgativе corrеlation was obsеrvеd bеtwееn MCI and BMD of lumbar vеrtеbraе (r=-0.716). Whilе GAI did not show any significant diffеrеncе in rеlation to bonе minеral dеnsity.
Conclusion: This study showеd that MCW, PMI and MCI indicеs wеrе usеful for idеntifying fеmalеs with low skеlеtal (BMD), whilе GAI was indеpеndablе in dеtеcting ostеoporosis.
[A simple procedure for quantitative and time coded detection of snoring sounds in apnea and snoring patients].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A simple technique for time-encoded recording of snoring sounds is presented. An electronic circuit connected to a stereo cassette recorder via cord remote control will start the recorder when the sound pressure of the snoring sound surpasses a preset level. The snoring sound is recorded on one track of the cassette recorder. The other track is used for the time code. Every 120 seconds the tape recorder is switched on by the electronic circuit and a short high level signal is recorded. The time interval between two time coding signals equals the snoring time. Analysis of the time coding signals is performed by an A/D converter installed in a Personal Computer. The converter amd accompanying software are used to calculate the duration of the intervals between the coding signals. The results are displayed graphically where sleeping time is plotted against snoring time (Fig.2). The length of each bar equals the snoring time in seconds for each 120 second interval. Snoring periods can be recognised at a glance and the snoring pattern can be evaluated. Three cases studies are presented demonstrating the performance of the technique. A 39-year-old female with nonpathological snoring (Fig.2), a 45-year-old male with heavy and regular snoring (Fig. 3) and a 36-year-old male with a full-blown Pickwickian Syndrome (Fig. 4). This patient's response to nasal cPAP is demonstrated in Fig. 5.
Screening data from selected in vitro enzymatic systems. II. Compounds specifically selected for the dehydrogenase inhibition screens.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Four dehydrogenase reactions measured in vitro were used to detect compounds of potential use in the chemotherapy of cancer. Inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase and l-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were sought, based on the proposal that inhibition of these enzymes might be more deleterious to malignant than normal tissues. Some compounds were also tested for inhibition of malate and alcohol dehydrogenase, primarily to exclude nonspecific dehydrogenase inhibitors. Results are presented on 259 compounds which were selected for possible structural relationships to substrates or known inhibitors, as well as for diversity of structural types. In an attempt to improve the detection of dehydrogenase inhibitors, 2 modifications of the standard protocol were investigated to select irreversible inhibitors and compounds that might form inhibitory products in vivo. Over 20% of the reported compounds significantly inhibited 1 or more of the dehydrogenases.