jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
XIX. F. Vincentius Maculanus Ord. Praedicatorum Tit. S. Clemen. Card. S. Clementis Nuncupatus de Florentiola Placen. Dioces. XIII. Xbris, MDCXLI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Factors Influencing Household Perceptions of Drought in Laikipia West Sub County, Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The need for perception studies to drought is informed by the fact that different people perceive drought differently and derive local adaptation measures based on their individual perception.The objective of the study was to establish the household perceptions to drought and the factors that influence formation of such perceptions in Laikipia West sub-County, Kenya.The study adopted a household survey research design.The study utilized household surveys (N = 180).Logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing drought perception in Laikipia West sub-County.The study found that 52.8% of the households felt that the 2009 drought was moderate and 47.2% the drought was severe.Drought perception was significantly related to age, source of income, and type of land ownership and the length of engagement in farming.The study recommends that formulation of the future policies on drought adaptation strategies in Laikipia West sub-County should take into consideration the household drought perception for effective implementation.
[Lingual abscess with atypical clinical presentation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lingual abscesses have become extremely rare since the discovery of antibiotics, with only about 200 cases reported in the last 160 years. Diagnosis on the basis of clinical symptoms alone is quite difficult. Imaging studies are essential for the diagnosis of lingual abscesses and for their differentiation from related pathologies with similar clinical symptoms. We report a case of lingual abscess with otherwise unremarkable clinical findings that was diagnosed by CT scan. The etiology, pathophysiology, bacteriology, diagnosis, and treatment of these uncommon infections is discussed.
Abstract W P310: Contemporary Trends In The Ischemic Stroke “Weekend Effect” On IV Thrombolytic Use, In-hospital Mortality, Discharge Disposition, Hospital Charges, And Length Of Stay - A National Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: We sought to check current stutus of weekend effect (differences in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes between patients admitted at the weekend versus weekday) which is the basis of many change in health policy to deal with disparities. Objective: To evaluate the influence of admission on a perticular day of the week (DOW) on outcomes in AIS pts. Methods: We reviewed the HCUP's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2008 - 11 for all emergency room (ER) admissions for AIS using ICD 9-CM code. NIS represents 20% of all US hospital. Pts aged < 18 years were excluded. After adjusting for age, gender, median income level, primary payer, hospital region, teaching status, and bed size, a Survey Logistic and Linear regression models were used to compare weekend versus weekday stroke admissions in terms of: incidence of IV thrombolytic (IVT) use, in-hospital mortality and discharge disposition. Length of stay (LOS) was calculated only in pts who survived. Cost to charge ratio files were merged with NIS to calculate cost of care. The cost of care was adjusted for inflation with reference to 2011. Chi-square was utilized for univariate analysis for categorical variable. Results: A total 390,401 (weighted: 1,933,243) ER admissions were studied, of which 99,968 (weighted: 494,863) were admitted on weekends. The average age of the cohort was 71 years, 53.4 % females, and 60.8% were whites. In univariate analysis, admission on weekend was associated with higher mortality (7.28% vs. 7.13%, p<0.001), higher utilization of IVT (4.10% vs. 3.72%, p<0.001) and higher discharge to long term facility (44.7% vs. 42.9%, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, weekend admission was associated with higher utilization of IVT (OR/days/cost, 95% CI, P-value) (OR 1.10, 1.06 - 1.14; p<0.001); increased discharge to long term facility (OR 1.08, 1.06 - 1.10; p<0.001) and have statistically shorter LOS (-0.08 days, -0.14 - -0.02; p = 0.007). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.02, 0.99 - 1.05; p = 0.17) or cost of care (142$, - 5 - 288; p=0.06) for weekend admission. Conclusion: Admission on a weekend is a predictor of higher utilization of IVT and discharge to a long-term facility , but there was no difference in in-hospital mortality or cost of care.
Increased apolipoprotein A-IV in rat mesenteric lymph after lipid meal acts as a physiological signal for satiation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chylomicron transport and apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) output in mesenteric lymph increases significantly after a lipid meal. Mesenteric lymph collected from lymph-fistula rats after lipid infusion exerted an anorectic effect on 24 h fasted rats after administration through chronically indwelling right atrial catheter. Lymph before lipid infusion and lymph collected from a rat fed lipid plus Pluronic L-81 (a potent inhibitor of chylomicron formation) had no anorectic effect. Chylomicron and apo A-IV-rich lymph lost its anorectic effect after specific immunoprecipitation of apo A-IV by a monospecific antibody. Intravenous infusion of the same amount of purified apo A-IV as in chylous lymph 6-8 h after a lipid meal suppressed food intake. This unique physiological function of apo A-IV is not shared by apolipoprotein A-I. It is proposed that apo A-IV is a circulating signal released in response to fat feeding and that it is likely to mediate the anorectic effect of a lipid meal.
The Influence of HRM Practices, Workplace Culture, and Training on Employee Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study analyzed the influence of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, workplace culture, and training and development on employee performance at National Irrigation Administration (NIA) – Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation Systems (UPRIIS), Division II, in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 84 employees through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics.......
Chemical induction of HO-1 suppresses lupus nephritis by reducing localiNOS expression and synthesis of anti-dsDNA antibody

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY There is accumulating evidence that haem oxygenase (HO)-1 plays a protective role in various disorders. The beneficial efficacy of HO-1 induction therapy has been shown in renal diseases such as glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis and drug induced nephrotoxicity. However, involvement of HO-1 in the development of autoimmune renal diseases remains uncertain. To assess the clinical efficacy of HO-1 induction therapy for lupus glomerulonephritis, MRL/lpr mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 µmol/kg hemin, a potent HO-1 inducer, or PBS as controls, once a week from 6 weeks of age to 21–24 weeks-old. We found that treatment with hemin led to a significant reduction of proteinuria and remarkable amelioration of glomerular lesions accompanied by decreased immune depositions. In addition, the circulating IgG anti-double-stranded DNA antibody level was significantly decreased in hemin treated mice when compared with controls. A single intraperitoneal injection with hemin resulted in reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the kidney and spleen, and serum interferon-γ level. Our results suggest that HO-1 induction therapy ameliorates lupus nephritis by suppressing nitric oxide (NO) dependent inflammatory responses and attenuating production of pathogenic autoantibodies.
A single centre analysis of outcomes and patterns of failure in head and neck cancer patients treated with single modality transoral robotic surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Due to the evolving aetiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), there has been a trend towards de-escalation in treatment. Our study investigates the oncological safety of head and neck cancer patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) +/− neck dissection (ND) as a single modality in a unique Adelaide cohort. Methods: Retrospective, single-centre, observational study on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with TORS +/− ND without adjuvant treatment from 2013 to 2021. Primary outcome measures were overall survival, disease-free survival. The secondary outcome of interest was patterns of recurrence of medical/surgical complications. Results: A total of 55 patients were identified in the study period with median (interquartile range) follow up of 34.0 (18.0–47.5) months. estimated 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival of 91.6% and 98.2% respectively. There were 10 recurrences in 6 (10.9%) patients of which, 8 were locoregional and 2 were distant metastases. Recurrences were salvaged with radical chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy in four patients, and further resection in one patient. Five patients received palliative management. The rate of major inpatient complications (Clavien-Dindo III–IV) was 12.7%, including 4 (7.3%) secondary haemorrhages requiring return to theatre. Conclusions: Single-modality surgery appears to be a safe oncological treatment for early-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in select cases with favourable pathological characteristics. Loco-regional recurrence was the most common treatment failure and can often be salvaged with further surgery or chemoradiotherapy.
An Improved Color Cooccurrence Matrix Texture Descriptor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Utilizing similarity measure defined by the fuzzy continuous t-norm operator to describe the degree of difference between pixels in color images,an improved color cooccurrence matrix texture descriptor is proposed.In accordance with the predefined interval of distances and directions,the multi-channel color information of original color image is effectively integrated and converted to pseudo-gray images.Then,gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) texture method is used to extract feature vector for the pseudo-gray image.A large number of experiments are performed on the content-based image retrieval prototype platform and the results show that compared with other types of texture descriptors,the improved texture descriptor has the same feature vector dimension as the GLCM descriptor,while its description ability matches with all kinds of color cooccurrence matrix descriptor.The improved texture descriptor effectively achieves the integration of texture and color characteristics and improves the image retrieval performance.
Learning and emotional responsivity in cocaine-exposed infants.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study examined both instrumental responses and facial expressions during learning and extinction in a group of cocaine-exposed infants ages 4 to 8 months. Of the 72 infants studied, half were exposed to cocaine in utero and halfserved as matched controls. The groups were matched on maternal demographic characteristics and maternal use of other substances. Findings indicated that (a) infants exposed to cocaine had a significant decrease in mean birth weight and birth length; (b) cocaine-exposed infants showed less overall arousal throughout the procedure; (c) cocaine-exposed infants expressed less interest and joy during learning and less anger and sadness during extinction; and (d) when control over the learning contingency was reinstated, cocaine-exposed infants did not show the expected increase in instrumental responding
Performance analyses of selection combining diversity receiver over α – μ fading channels in the presence of co-channel interference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An approach to the performance analyses of dual selection combining (SC) diversity receiver over correlated α–μ fading channels with the arbitrary parameters is presented. Fading between the diversity branches and interferers is correlated and distributed with α–μ distribution. Infinite series expressions are obtained for the output SIR's probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) and an important measure of the system's performances, the outage probability (OP). An average error probability is efficiently evaluated for coherent and non-coherent modulation schemes such as coherent frequency-shift keying (CFSK), coherent phase-shift keying (CPSK), binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) and binary differentially phase-shift keying (BDPSK). Numerical results are presented to show the effects of various parameters such as fading severity, input SIR unbalance and the level of correlation between received desired signals and interferences on system's performances.
Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Various Citrus Fruits in Bangladesh and Evaluation of Their Effect as Antioxidant and on Glucose Metabolizing Enzymes In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Synthetic antioxidants are used against oxidative stress and nitrosative stress, which have many harmful effects and possess lower efficacies; hence, the interest of using natural antioxidants such as citrus fruits as therapeutic tools exist. This study set out to assess the flavonoids identified from various citrus fruits in Bangladesh (cagoji lebu, kalombo lebu, and alichi lebu) as antioxidants and their effect on α-amylase inhibitory activity in in vitro condition. Phytochemical screening, UV-vis spectra and HPLC-DAD analysis were performed to determine the class, nature and identity of bioactive components. Antioxidant potential was determined by determining the total phenol content, flavonoid content, ortho diphenol content, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide scavenging assay. α -Amylase inhibitory assay was done to evaluate the effect on glucose metabolizing enzymes. Molecular docking was done for alpha-amylase enzyme affinity. Phenols and tannins were found in 3 citrus extracts and all the extracts are composed of flavonoid compounds as they provided clear peaks at 280 nm and/or 330 nm in the UV-vis scan data. HPLC analysis showed the presence of (-) epicatechin, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, trans-ferulic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol in all 3 extracts, and trans-cinnamic acid in cagoji and kalombo lebu. The three extracts show significant phenolic content, the amount for alichi, cagoji and kalombo lebu were 13.958±0.001, 13.380±0.0005, 11.773±0.001 mg GAE/ g DW respectively; flavonoid contents were 3.324±0.0005, 2.827±0, 7.589±0 mg QAE/ g DW respectively and ortho diphenol contents were 0.124±0, 0.185±0.118, 0.161±0 mg CAE/ g DW respectively. The extracts of three citrus fruits exhibited the comparable antioxidant activity for both DPPH and NO scavenging methods compared to ascorbic acid. In the in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity assay, the IC50 values of alichi, cagoji and kolombo lebu were 56.45, 39.97 and 55.31μg/mL respectively whereas the IC50 value of acarbose was 25.53 μg/mL. This investigation revealed that these three citrus fruits in Bangladesh are potential sources of bioactive compounds which can be used as alternative supplements for natural antioxidants.
Understanding and supporting young adults through the 'quarterlife crisis'

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Transitions to adulthood typically involve searching for a life partner, settling on an occupation, and discovering ‘who one is’. Some find this transition difficult and experiences panic, loss, and uncertainty. The term ‘quarterlife crisis’ has been applied to such experiences. \nAim: This thesis aimed to understand the experience of ‘quarterlife crisis’ among young people from two cultural groups: UK and India. The objectives were to identify the triggers for, and forms of, ‘quarterlife crisis’, responses and coping strategies to crisis; and how we may prevent ‘quarterlife crises’ and / or lessen its burden on young people. \nMethods: Young people aged 22-30 years from India (n=8) and the UK (n=16), who identified with experiencing challenges making their ‘transitions to adulthood’, were recruited. Data generation was highly participant-led, supported through a novel combination of photo-elicitation and time-line interviewing. Data was subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, supported through use of participant generated images. \nFindings: Four themes were generated explicating the crisis experience - Smooth navigation and self-fulfilment, Perceived standards and unfulfilled expectations, Becoming and knowing oneself and Forced ‘adulthood’/independence. Participants’ expectations about the transition to adulthood were often not met. At the crux of the crisis experience was feeling stagnant, unprepared and overwhelmed, experienced differently based on cultural and educational background. People deployed both personal and social resources in response to their crisis. Getting reassurance about their personal capabilities or skills and developing new perspective of their transitional experiences appeared particularly helpful. \nConclusion: Findings appeal for greater sensitivity to social, cultural, economic and political contexts that influence the ‘quarterlife crisis’, and call for rethinking of development theories which propose a linear progression to adulthood. How we can best support young people in their transition should be the responsibilities of policy-makers, educational institutions, families and young people themselves.
Severe bitter taste associated with apremilast

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Apremilast, which is currently licensed for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is a small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Torres, 2018).An 83-year-old male with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis was referred to our Department of Dermatology with severe plaques and dactylitis of the second finger of his right hand.He was overweight (body mass index 29.4kg/m 2 ), had a Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) of 11, and complained of a drastic reduction in his quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] 23).As his medical history included a myocardial infarction and bladder cancer respectively two and three years earlier, biological treatment was absolutely contraindicated, and he failed to respond to narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) plus methotrexate, the only remaining on-label systemic treatment was with apremilast, a PDE-4 inhibitor.After precisely following the induction (10mg/day at day 1, 10+10mg/day at day 2, 10+20mg/day at day 3, 20+20mg
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS WITH AN USING ALTMAN Z-SCORE METHODS ON BAKRIE GROUP COMPANIES LISTED IN BEI YEAR 2012 - 2017

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to analyze financial distress conditions in Bakrie Group companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the 2012 to 2017 period. The data used in this study is secondary data, taken from the company's financial statements on the IDX in 2012-2017. The sample consists of 5 companies from 2012 to 2017 and is still registered to date. The method used is the original Altman Z-Score model for manufacturing public companies. The ratio used is working capital (working capital to total assets (total assets), retained earnings (retained earnings) to total assets, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) to total assets, the market value of the capital of the debt value (market value of total liabilities) , and sales to total assets ( sales to total assets ) .The results of the study show that the five companies are in a distress zone where the factors are significant because the average profitability and low liquidity of the company cannot be economically and efficiently run his business.
Influencing highly religious undergraduate perceptions of evolution: Mormons as a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Students frequently hold an incorrect view of evolution. There are several potential barriers that prevent religious students, specifically, from engaging evolutionary theory in the classroom. This study focuses on two hypothesized barriers on learning evolutionary theory in a highly religious model population, specifically members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon): (1) religious views stemming from incorrect or inadequate understanding of the Mormon church's neutral stance on evolution and (2) misunderstanding of the theory of evolution. The LDS population at Brigham Young University provides the ideal setting for studying evolution education among religious individuals in a controlled environment. To ascertain the prevalence and effect of these barriers, we measured the relationship between acceptance of evolution and knowledge of evolution, religiosity, and understanding of religious doctrine on evolution in introductory non-majors biology courses. Additionally, we measured the effect of including a discussion on religious doctrine in the classroom. Students in all sections, except for one control section, were taught a unit on evolution that included a discussion on the neutral LDS doctrine on evolution. Data was gathered pre, post, and longitudinally. Our data demonstrate a positive relationship between knowledge and acceptance of evolution, a positive relationship between understanding of religious doctrine and acceptance of evolution, and a negative relationship between religiosity and acceptance of evolution. Additionally, when an in-class discussion was held addressing the LDS doctrine on evolution students became more accepting of the principles of evolution. These data provide compelling evidence that an accurate understanding of their religious doctrines and knowledge of evolution can lead to greater acceptance of the basic concepts of evolution among highly religious students.