jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Is More Severe in Children with a Recent History of Vaccination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:: Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenia (ITP) the most common cause of acute onset thrombocytopenia in children, can be classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary to different causal agents (drugs, vaccination, infections). Objectives:: This study is aimed to observe the severity of ITP based on the probable cause of the disease, specifically vaccination. Patients and Methods:: This retrospective observational study surveyed the records of all patients, aged 1 to6 months, who were admitted with the diagnosis of ITP at Mofid children hospital in a 5 year period (2005-2010). Based on history of recent vaccination (< 6 weeks), patients were divided into two groups. The severity of ITP, described by the platelet count, was then compared between the recently vaccinated and not recently vaccinated groups. Severe ITP was defined as platelet count below 20,000/mm3. All ITP patients with concomitant diseases, diagnoses other than ITP, or simultaneous history of vaccination and probable virus infection were excluded. Results:: 51 patients were enrolled in this study (mean age = 3.86 ± 1.53 months; males = 32 [62.7%]). In 33 (64.7%) patients the platelets level was below 20000 /mm3. Thrombocytopenia following vaccination was observed in 25 (49%) patients. The number of patients with platelet count below 20000 /mm3 was significantly higher in the recently-vaccinated group (P value = 0.006). ITP was more frequent in the recently vaccinated children under 3 months of age (P Value = 0.03). Conclusions:: In this study, a higher rate of more severe ITP in recently vaccinated young children was observed in comparison with other probable etiologies. Further investigations are needed to explain this finding.
Member Engagement Types in Online Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many of todayâs popular social networking sites allow for the emergence of communities of practice. These online communities encourage individuals to play and contribute in different roles. This paper presents four engagement archetypes that define how members engage in online communities. Specifically, we discuss the different roles that members take when engaging as online community members. Conclusions are drawn for the organizational practice of engaging with online community members and the new opportunities that can arise from such engagements.
'This is Boedo' Stories of a Lost Football Stadium, a Buenos Aires Barrio, and How the Hinchas of San Lorenzo Fought to Return

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro is one of Argentina’s largest professional football teams. In 1979, during Argentina’s civic-military dictatorship (1976-1983), the club was forced to close its stadium the Gasómetro located on Avenida La Plata in the Buenos Aires barrio (neighbourhood) of Boedo. The property became a Carrefour retail store in 1985. Clubs in Argentina are large member-operated social, culture, and sport institutions offering a wide range of activities alongside professional football. Clubs are often identified with their place in the urban landscape. The idealized club de barrio (neighbourhood club) of Buenos Aires, in particular, has had a profound social and cultural influence on the production of the barrio as a space in the city. In turn, the historic relationship between the barrio and the club generates a sense of belonging that hinchas feel towards their club’s barrio. San Lorenzo’s hinchas claim that through the loss of the old Gasómetro their connection to Boedo was unjustly severed. Over the past fifteen years a social movement organized by the club’s hinchas (supporters) called the Vuelta a Boedo (Return to Boedo) grew into a politically successful campaign to regain the property with the hope of one day building a new stadium. This dissertation examines how the Vuelta a Boedo generated a politicized narrative that draws from the history of the club, the performative solidarity of the football crowd, a politics of memory and justice, and the collective storytelling of hinchas of San Lorenzo. It argues that an intertextual reading of Argentina’s football crowds and the country’s political-economy more generally is required to understand how the Vuelta a Boedo emerges. Shared memories of the Gasómetro refract through the claims made by human rights organizations to articulate why the loss of the stadium should be perceived as a social injustice. This dissertation demonstrates how hinchas and their football clubs to contribute to the production of urban space. Finally, the dissertation argues for the centrality of the affective relationships between hinchas produced and mediated through their match-day performances.
Development of genomic predictions for Angus cattle in Brazil incorporating genotypes from related American sires

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Genomic prediction has become the new standard for genetic improvement programs, and currently, there is a desire to implement this technology for the evaluation of Angus cattle in Brazil. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of evaluating young Brazilian Angus (BA) bulls and heifers for 12 routinely recorded traits using single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) with and without genotypes from American Angus (AA) sires. The second objective was to obtain estimates of effective population size (Ne) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the Brazilian Angus population. The dataset contained phenotypic information for up to 277,661 animals belonging to the Promebo breeding program, pedigree for 362,900, of which 1,386 were genotyped for 50k, 77k, and 150k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels. After imputation and quality control, 61,666 SNPs were available for the analyses. In addition, genotypes from 332 American Angus (AA) sires widely used in Brazil were retrieved from the AA Association database to be used for genomic predictions. Bivariate animal models were used to estimate variance components, traditional EBV, and genomic EBV (GEBV). Validation was carried out with the linear regression method (LR) using young-genotyped animals born between 2013 and 2015 without phenotypes in the reduced dataset and with records in the complete dataset. Validation animals were further split into progeny of BA and AA sires to evaluate if their progenies would benefit by including genotypes from AA sires. The Ne was 254 based on pedigree and 197 based on LD, and the average LD (±SD) and distance between adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across all chromosomes were 0.27 (±0.27) and 40743.68 bp, respectively. Prediction accuracies with ssGBLUP outperformed BLUP for all traits, improving accuracies by, on average, 16% for BA young bulls and heifers. The GEBV prediction accuracies ranged from 0.37 (total maternal for weaning weight and tick count) to 0.54 (yearling precocity) across all traits, and dispersion (LR coefficients) fluctuated between 0.92 and 1.06. Inclusion of genotyped sires from the AA improved GEBV accuracies by 2%, on average, compared to using only the BA reference population. Our study indicated that genomic information could help us to improve GEBV accuracies and hence genetic progress in the Brazilian Angus population. The inclusion of genotypes from American Angus sires heavily used in Brazil just marginally increased the GEBV accuracies for selection candidates.
Capparis sepiaria Linnaeus 1759

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Capparis sepiaria Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1071. 1759. ["Habitat in India."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 720 (1762). RCN: 3819. Lectotype (Jacobs in Blumea 12: 489. 1965): Herb. Linn. No. 664.4 (LINN). Current name: Capparis sepiaria L. (Capparaceae). Note: Elffers & al. (in Hubbard & Milne-Redhead, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Capparidacear. 63. 1964) indicated a König collection (664.5 LINN) as the holotype but this material did not reach Linnaeus until after 1759 and so it is not original material for the name.
Table 2 from Safety, Efficacy, and Biological Data of T-Cell–Enabling Oncolytic Adenovirus TILT-123 in Advanced Solid Cancers from the TUNIMO Monotherapy Phase I Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Adverse events related to TILT-123 therapy as judged and reported by the investigator, stratified by grade, cohort, and unique patients with reported adverse event.<a href="#t2n1" target="_blank"><sup>a</sup></a></p>
Supplementary Table 2 from Rapid diversification of vascular architecture underlies the Carboniferous fern radiation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Table S2: The loadings that best describe each of the 5 clusters of vascular architecture. MeanIn Category, sd in category describes the mean and standard deviation of the loading value for the specific vascular architecture. Overall mean and Overall sd describes the mean and standard deviation of the loading for all individuals in the analysis. The p.value denotes whether the mean loading for the specific vascular architecture is significantly different from the overall mean.
Photodriven Elimination of Chlorine From Germanium and Platinum in a Dinuclear PtII→GeIV Complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Searching for a connection between the two‐electron redox behavior of Group‐14 elements and their possible use as platforms for the photoreductive elimination of chlorine, we have studied the photochemistry of [( o ‐(Ph 2 P)C 6 H 4 ) 2 Ge IV Cl 2 ]Pt II Cl 2 and [( o ‐(Ph 2 P)C 6 H 4 ) 2 ClGe III ]Pt III Cl 3 , two newly isolated isomeric complexes. These studies show that, in the presence of a chlorine trap, both isomers convert cleanly into the platinum germyl complex [( o ‐(Ph 2 P)C 6 H 4 ) 2 ClGe III ]Pt I Cl with quantum yields of 1.7 % and 3.2 % for the Ge IV –Pt II and Ge III –Pt III isomers, respectively. Conversion of the Ge IV –Pt II isomer into the platinum germyl complex is a rare example of a light‐induced transition‐metal/main‐group‐element bond‐forming process. Finally, transient‐absorption‐spectroscopy studies carried out on the Ge III –Pt III isomer point to a ligand arene–Cl . charge‐transfer complex as an intermediate.
Adopting ISO/IEC 27005:2011-based Risk Treatment Plan to Prevent Patients Data Theft

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The concern raised in late 2017 regarding 46.2 million mobile device subscribers’ data breach had the Malaysian police started an investigation looking for the source of the leak. Data security is fundamental to protect the assets or information by providing its confidentiality, integrity and availability not only in the telecommunication industry but also in other sectors. This paper attempts to protect the data of a patient-based clinical system by producing a risk treatment plan for its software products. The existing system is vulnerable to information theft, insecure databases, needy audit login and password management. The information security risk assessment consisting of identifying risks, analyzing and evaluating them were conducted before a risk assessment report is written down. A risk management framework was applied to the software development unit of the organization to countermeasure these risks. ISO/IEC 27005:2011 standard was used as the basis for the information security risk management framework. The controls from Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001:2013 were used to reduce the risks. Thirty risks have been identified and 7 high-level risks for the product have been recognized. A risk treatment plan focusing on the risks and controls has been developed for the system to reduce these risks in order to secure the patients’ data. This will eventually enhance the information security in the software development unit and at the same time, increase awareness among the team members concerning risks and the means to handle them.
A Liver Damage Prediction Using Partial Differential Segmentation with Improved Convolutional Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background. The liver is one of the most significant and most essential organs in the human body. It is divided into two granular lobes, one on the right and one on the left, connected by a bile duct. The liver is essential in the removal of waste products from human food consumption, the creation of bile, the regulation of metabolic activities, the cleaning of the blood by sensitizing digestive management, and the storage of vitamins and minerals. To perform the classification of liver illnesses using computed tomography (CT scans), two critical phases must first be completed: liver segmentation and categorization. The most difficult challenge in categorizing liver disease is distinguishing the liver from the other organs near it. Methodology. Liver biopsy is a kind of invasive diagnostic procedure, widely regarded as the gold standard for accurately estimating the severity of liver disease. Noninvasive approaches for examining liver illnesses, such as blood serum markers and medical imaging (ultrasound, magnetic resonance MR, and CT) have also been developed. This approach uses the Partial Differential Technique (PDT) to separate the liver from the other organs and Level Set Methodology (LSM) for separating the cancer location from the surrounding tissue based on the projected pictures used as input. With the help of an Improved Convolutional Classifier, the categorization of different phases may be accomplished. Results. Several accuracies, sensitivity, and specificity measurements are produced to assess the categorization of LSM using an Improved Convolutional classifier. Approximately, 97.5% of the performance accuracy of the liver categorization is achieved with a 94.5% continuous interval (CI) of [0.6775 1.0000] and an error rate of 2.1%. The suggested method’s performance is compared to that of two existing algorithms, and the sensitivity and specificity provide an overall average of 96% and 93%, respectively, with 95% Continuous Interval of [0.7513 1.0000] and [0.7126 1.0000] for sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
Elevated trace metal content of prokaryotic communities associated with marine oxygen deficient zones

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Little is known about the trace metal content of marine prokaryotes, in part due to their co‐occurrence with more abundant particulate phases in the upper ocean, such as phytoplankton and biogenic detritus, lithogenic minerals, and authigenic Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides. We attempt to isolate these biomass signals in particulate data from the US GEOTRACES Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect (cruise GP16) in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP), which exhibited consistent maxima in P and other bioactive trace metals, and minima in particulate Mn, in the oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) of 13 stations. Nitrite maxima and nitrate deficits indicated the presence of denitrifying prokaryotic biomass within ETSP ODZs, and deep secondary fluorescence maxima at the upper ODZ boundaries of 10 stations also suggested the presence of low‐light, autotrophic communities. ODZs were observed as far west as 99°W, more than 2300 km from the South American coast, where eolian lithogenic and lateral/resuspended sedimentary inputs were negligible, presenting a unique opportunity to examine prokaryotic metal stoichiometries. ODZ particulate P maxima can rival gyre mixed layer biomass concentrations, are highly sensitive to oxygen, and are in excess of amounts scavengable by local Fe oxyhydroxides and acid–volatile sulfides. Even after correction for lithogenic and ferruginous–scavenged metals, ODZ P‐maxima are often enriched in Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn, exhibiting particulate trace metal ratios to P that exceed mixed layer biomass ratios by factors of 2–9. ODZ prokaryotic communities may be largely hidden, TM–rich pools involved in the marine cycles of these bioactive trace metals.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cross-presentation by intercellular peptide transfer through gap junctions.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present peptides that are derived from endogenous proteins. These antigens can also be transferred to professional antigen-presenting cells in a process called cross-presentation, which precedes initiation of a proper T-cell response; but exactly how they do this is unclear. We tested whether peptides can be transferred directly from the cytoplasm of one cell into the cytoplasm of its neighbour through gap junctions. Here we show that peptides with a relative molecular mass of up to approximately 1,800 diffuse intercellularly through gap junctions unless a three-dimensional structure is imposed. This intercellular peptide transfer causes cytotoxic T-cell recognition of adjacent, innocent bystander cells as well as activated monocytes. Gap-junction-mediated peptide transfer is restricted to a few coupling cells owing to the high cytosolic peptidase activity. We present a mechanism of antigen acquisition for cross-presentation that couples the antigen presentation system of two adjacent cells and is lost in most tumours: gap-junction-mediated intercellular peptide coupling for presentation by bystander MHC class I molecules and transfer to professional antigen presenting cells for cross-priming. PMID: 15744304
[A case of HIV infection associated with ulcerative colitis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a 42-year-old-man with HIV infection who developed ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, and the findings of colonoscopy, pathology and culture. Although remission of ulcerative colitis was induced by PSL and SASP, HIV infection progressed. Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was started. HIV viral load decreased to less than 50copies/ml and CD4 counts increased to over 400/microl. After discontinuance of PSL and SASP, he is still in good condition. This is the first report of HIV infection associated with ulcerative colitis in Japan. A relationship between immune disorder in advanced HIV infection and inflammatory bowel disease was suggested. Ulcerative colitis might be an important complication in HIV infection.
Effect of Citrus Sudden Death on Yield and Quality of Sweet Orange Cultivars in Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Citrus sudden death (CSD) has greatly affected sweet orange cultivars grafted on Rangpur lime in São Paulo and Minas Gerais States, Brazil. To characterize and quantify CSD damage, fruit yield and quality were assessed in each combination of sweet orange cultivar (Hamlin, Pera, Natal, and Valencia), age class (3 to 5, 6 to 10, and 11 to 15 years old), and CSD severity class (0 = no symptom, 1 = initial symptoms, and 2 = severe symptoms). For each combination, 10 trees were harvested and 20 fruit were taken for quality analysis. Damage was characterized by reduction of: (i) total weight of fruit/tree (36 and 67% for severity class 1 and 2, respectively), (ii) number of fruit/tree (27 and 55%), (iii) fruit size (13 and 25% in diameter and height [stem to styler distance]), (iv) fruit weight (32 and 56%), (v) total soluble solids (TSS)/fruit (18 and 42%), and increase of (vi) Brix (14 and 34%), (vii) acidity (16 and 41%), and (viii) TSS/90-lb. box (21 and 33%). There was no alteration on Brix/acidity ratio and percentage of juice on fruit of affected trees. Sweet orange cultivars did not differ in percentage of reduction or increase of all yield and quality variables, with the exception of Pera, which expressed increases of Brix and acidity. For more severe affected trees, the youngest plants showed a higher reduction in fruit number/tree, whereas plants 6 to 10 years old showed a higher increase in fruit acidity and TSS/box. However, no differences in percentage of reduction or increase for other variables were observed among different age classes. The damage to the above probably was associated with reduced water absorption capacity of CSD-affected trees.
"What a World we Make the Oppressor and the Oppressed": George Cruikshank, Percy Shelley, and the Gendering of Revolution in 1819

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the figure of the victimized woman in selected works of George Cruikshank and Percy Bysshe Shelley, who employed a similar iconography to grapple with the increasing violence of the Reform conflict. Juxtaposing Cruikshank's cartoons with Shelley's poems illustrates the gendered ground upon which the conflicts of 1819 were worked out: whereas Cruikshank's cartoons use the victimized woman as stable ground, Shelley's poems complicate this image. The juxtaposition reveals how Shelley challenges the status quo, including the representation of women, by calling into question the binary structures of oppressor and oppressed and, ultimately, his own act of representation.
Colonic Water and Electrolyte Transport in Young and Adult Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of colonic water and electrolyte transport was studied in rats. The colon of 20-day-old (young) and 40-day-old (adult) rats was perfused with either a hypotonic (200 mosmol/L) or a hypertonic (450 mosmol/L) solution. The solutions had identical electrolyte contents. Polyethylene glycol was used as a marker of water absorption. Na,K-Adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity was determined in nonperfused colonic segments in 10- to 40-day-old rats. Water absorption was always higher in young rats than in adult rats. In the young rats but not in the adult rats increased osmotic pressure of the luminal fluid resulted in a significant decrease in water absorption. The secretion of K was observed only in adult rats. Na,K-ATPase activity increased significantly from 10 to 20 and from 20 to 40 days of age. The results imply that the immature colon has higher water conductivity and low active electrolyte transport.
Utilization of Flavonoid Compounds as HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Breast Cancer Using Fragment-Based Drug Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Breast cancer has become one of the leading cause of women’s death around the world. Breast cancer can be caused by genetic or environmental factors. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the main causes of breast cancer. The HER2 tyrosine kinase plays a significant role in the dimerization reaction which causes auto-phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain that triggers growth of the cancer cells. Inhibition of HER2 protein activity can be a potential alternative for breast cancer treatment. Flavonoids have become an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry due to its bioactivity and availability. Therefore, flavonoids were used as the database on this in silico research. Fragment-based drug design was applied to determine novel drug candidates. Three potential candidates were obtained in this research. VC-962 was selected as the best inhibitor candidates for HER2 tyrosine kinase.