jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and extension of a navigation system for bronchoscopy inside human lungs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

For exact orientation inside the tracheobronchial tree, clinicians are in urgent need of a navigation system for bronchoscopy. Such an image guided system has the ability to show the current position of a bronchoscope (instrument to inspect the inside of the lung) within the tracheobronchial tree. Thus orientation inside the complex tree structure is improved. Our approach of navigated bronchoscopy considers the problem of using a static image to navigate inside a constantly moving soft tissue. It offers a direct guidance to a preinterventionally defined target inside the bronchial tree to save intervention time spent on searching the right path and to minimize the duration of anesthesia. It is designed to adapt to the breathing cycle of the patient, so no further intervention to minimize the movement of the lung has to stress the patient. We present a newly developed navigation sensor with allows to display a virtual bronchoscopy in real time and we demonstrate an evaluation on the accuracy within a non moving ex vivo lung phantom.
Computation of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor of 1, 3-Diethoxymethyl Imidazolium Hexaflurophosphate [Dietmeim] [PF6]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ionic liquids are receiving more and more interest because of their unique properties. Based on these properties, a multitude of applications are being developed. Although ionic liquids are applied in many fields and considered to be very potential to meet the special need for different projects, the lack of systematic and mechanistic understanding of the properties is a bottle neck for its progress. However, this research on ionic liquids will determine the frequency level that the dielectric constant and loss factor will be more effective .The Cole-Cole relaxation equation was derived and the values for the dielectric constant and loss factor of 1,3-diethoxymethyl Imidazolium hexaflurophosphate [DiEtMeIm][PF 6 ] were determined. The computation was done within the frequency of 0.1GHz to 10GHz and temperature between 5 ℃ to 65 ℃ . The result obtained shows that the dielectric constant and loss factor of 1,3-diethoxymethyl Imidazolium hexaflurophosphate [DiEtMeIm][PF 6 ] were higher at low frequency (i.e. F = 0.1GHz) and decreases as the frequency increases. The dielectric constant also increases with increase in the temperature except at 0.1GHz. The increase in the dielectric constant of the ionic liquids may be due to all the phase change of the ionic liquid. The loss factor was small for all frequencies and temperatures. This may be due to the fact that the ionic liquids consumed less energy when subjected to an applied field. However, chemical industry and other industries that use IL for their production can do so at higher frequencies. This is because higher frequencies have the lowest value of the dielectric constant. Higher dielectric constants have the tendency to breakdown more easily when they are subjected to intense electric fields than lower dielectric constants.
Comparison of Sensory and Motor Functions in Patients with Constant and Intermittent Infantile Exotropia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare sensory and motor functions in patients with constant and intermittent primary infantile exotropia.Methods: From March 2010 to November 2015, 58 patients with primary infantile exotropia were divided into a constant group (21 patients) and an intermittent group (37 patients) according to frequency of exodeviation at the first visit.Sex, family history of strabismus, age at diagnosis, spherical equivalent, and presence of amblyopia were compared.Angle of deviation, ocular motor function, and stereopsis were measured.Results: Females were more prevalent (p = 0.027) and the spherical equivalent of the right eye was more myopic (-0.99 D) (p = 0.023) in the constant infantile exotropia group.However, there was no significant difference in family history of strabismus, age at diagnosis, amblyopia, latent nystagmus, or stereopsis between the two groups.There were no significant differences between the two groups in angle of deviation at near or distance (p = 0.598, p = 0.518).Dissociated vertical deviation was accompanied in 2 patients in the constant group and 3 in the intermittent group.Inferior oblique overaction was accompanied in 8 patients in the constant group and 16 in the intermittent group, while vertical deviation was accompanied in 1 patient in the constant group and 3 in the intermittent group.However, there were no significant differences between the groups for any of these findings.Conclusions: Constancy of exodeviation is insufficient to diagnose primary infantile exotropia.Compared to those in whom exodeviation was intermittent, the patients with constant infantile exotropia showed similar clinical features.Therefore, close observation is recommended in patients with intermittent and constant infantile exotropia.
Experiment on Estrus Synchronization hybridization of Cow in summer ranch

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Applied Estrus Synchronization hybridization to improve the rmpregination rate of cow on scalper artificial fertilization in summer ranch.In the Experiment,we use luteosterone,PMSG and luteinising Hormone A2 on more than 180 cows in summer ranch of Habahe and Aletai,and have Obtained better result,the impregnation rate has achieved more the 80%.The experiment proves that this technology can be extended and used,and also can solve many actual problems,for exemple,short browsing time and big Mobility in Herd etc.Experiment result indicates that,there was no significant difference in first estrus rate between the experiment group and antitheses group(P0.05),difference in first fecundation rate between the experiment group and antitheses group,and significant difference in scond estrus rate and fecundation rate between the experiment group and antitheses group(P0.01).
Grassland Dynamics and the Driving Factors Based on Net Primary Productivity in Qinghai Province, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Qinghai province is an important part of the Tibetan Plateau, and is characterized by extremely fragile ecosystems. In the last few decades, grasslands in this province have been influenced profoundly by climate change, as well as human activities. Here, we use the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to assess the dynamics of temperate steppe, alpine steppe, temperate meadow, alpine meadow, sparse grassland and herbaceous wetland via actual net primary productivity (NPPa). Our findings showed that: (1) From 2001 to 2016, the average NPPa in Qinghai province showed a fluctuation presented a generally increasing trend. The mean value of NPPa was 114.27 g C m−2 year−1, and the increase rate was 0.47 g C cm−2 year−1. (2) There were NPPa increase rate discrepancies among the six typical grassland biomes. Herbaceous wetland had the highest change rate, closely followed by alpine steppe, temperate steppe, alpine meadow, temperate meadow and sparse grassland. (3) The largest area of restoration mainly impacted by climate change reached 47.08% of the total grassland area, with human activities accounting for 21.74%. By contrast, the deteriorated area induced by human activities accounted for 9.78% of the total grassland. (4) Temperature may have been a greater factor than precipitation in driving grassland change during the study period. Decreasing grazing intensity and implementing effective protection measures were favorable to grassland restoration.
Dataset Supporting The Paper: Symbolic Versus Numerical Computation And Visualization Of Parameter Regions For Multistationarity Of Biological Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dataset supporting the paper: Matthew England, Hassan Errami, Dima Grigoriev, Ovidiu Radulescu, Thomas Sturm, and Andreas Weber. Symbolic Versus Numerical Computation and Visualization of Parameter Regions for Multistationarity of Biological Networks. In Proceedings of CASC ’17, Beijing, China, September 18-22 2017, 15 pages. Springer, 2017. The files whose name starts with "SamplePoints" are text files containing the data that produced the plots in the paper. The files whose name starts with "Sys" show the Maple computations used to produce the data. The mw files are to be run with the Maple Computer Algebra System (https://www.maplesoft.com/products/maple/). Pdf printouts of these have also been included for those who do not have access to Maple.
Efecto de un bioestimulante húmico extraído del raquis de banano (Pinzote) sobre el crecimiento de plántulas de banano (Musa AAA subgrupo "Cavendish" clon 'Gran enano).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main objective of this assay was to evaluate the effect of a humic extract, obtained from previously composted banana rachises, on the growth of banana seedlings under nursery conditions and compare it with a commercial humic acid. The results show that the humic extract at 1% significantly promoted the growth ofroots, foliar area, and biomass of leaves and pseudo-stalk of banana seedlings under nursery conditions.
High Clouds over Oceans in the ECMWF 15- and 45-Yr Reanalyses

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reanalysis programs of numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers provide global, comprehensive descriptions of the atmosphere and of the earth’s surface over long periods of time. The high realism of their representation of key NWP parameters, like temperature and winds, implies some realism for less emblematic parameters, such as cloud cover, but the degree of this realism needs to be documented. This study aims to evaluate the high clouds over open oceans in the ECMWF 15- and 45-yr reanalyses. The assessment is based on a new 23-yr climatology of monthly frequencies of high-cloud occurrence retrieved from the infrared radiances measured by operational polar satellites. It is complemented by data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. It is shown that the 45-yr ECMWF reanalysis dramatically improves on the previous 15-yr reanalysis for the realism of seasonal and interannual variations in high clouds, despite remaining systematic errors. More than 60% of the observed anomalies during the January 1979–February 2002 period over large oceanic basins are captured by the latest reanalysis. However the realism of the analyses in the areas and in the years with sparse observations appears to be poor. Consequently, the interannual variations may not be reliable before January 1979 in most parts of the world. Possible improvements of the handling of assimilated satellite observations before and after this date are suggested.
On the Compactness Theorem of Propositional Temporal Logics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a semantics SEM of a logical language L an associated semantics S E M ˆ is constructed by topological means such that the compactness theorem is true in S E M ˆ. The formulas in L, which are valid with respect to SEM, are identical to the formulas which are valid with respect to S E M ˆ. The concepts developed in the paper are illustrated by examples from the field of propositional temporal logics.
School Leadership Readiness: Traditional vs. Online Administrative Preparation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to the National Center of Educational Statistics (2006-2007) report, 92% of two and four-year Title IV degree-granting postsecondary institutions offered distance education courses due to students' demand for flexible scheduling. That same report cited that 82% of those institutions were seeking to increase student enrollment via distance education. There is little empirical research that pertain to the topic of degrees earned through online, or hybrid methods that have any bearing on job preparedness for past, present, and future educational leadership candidates. For all concerned, online programs are here to stay. Arguably, online courses are fast becoming the norm rather than the exception within K-12 and higher education curriculum delivery. The research derived from this study sought out to find any differences between traditional and online coursework as it relates to school leadership preparation. The background of this study will encompass the formation of the Internet as a distance education delivery model. In addition, the research based on community, organizational leadership, trust, change and their combined impact on learning as it applies to online and traditional delivery methods. The conceptual framework for this qualitative study will rely on Dr. Willard Daggett's three decades of work on rigor, relevance, and relationships. Daggett's framework will be filtered through a series of interview questions posed to district office administration, administrative mentors/supervisors, and school building administrators to discern if there are any differences between candidates that have completed traditional or online masters programs. At the very least, this topic will continue the dialogue about similarities and challenges between both instructional modes. More importantly, what will the participants in this study reveal that may contribute to the body of knowledge toward the evolution of educational leadership?
The Effect of the Multi‐Environment for Quantum Correlation: Geometry Discord vs Quantum Discord

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A two qubits system interacting with two independent spin‐environments connecting with the third environment is constructed in order to demonstrate the effect of the multi‐environment for quantum correlation. In this process, the freezing phenomenon appears for SCI and X states under Quantum Discord and Geometric Discord measures, respectively, but not for the same initial state measured by different measures. Meanwhile, the properties of the freezing platform, characterized by the collapse, revival and persistent time, are researched by the different parameters. The result of this paper may pave a way to control quantum correlation and design nanospintronic devices.
Groundwater management in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

After introducing groundwater development and other issues, the paper analyzes China's groundwater management system and its problems, and provides suggestions for improving the system. Increasing water demand since the 1970s has resulted in severe groundwater overdraft, water level decline and water quality degradation in China, but the current management system is not able to provide an effective and efficient solution. The legislation is separate and local, the management institutions are locally designed and the key management instruments are not integrated. This is because China lacks distinct groundwater management systems, comprehensive legislation, a quality management system and capacity, as well as coordinated institutions, and clear relationships and effective links among systems. To improve groundwater management, the concept of aquifer management and an integrated groundwater management system must be developed. The existing systems need to be restructured to clarify relationships and functions. The groundwater abstraction permit system needs to be reformed to a group permit. A quality management system is required and capacity building must be strengthened.
Systematical and Statistical Errors in Using Reference Light Sources to Calibrate TLD Readers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Three light sources, namely an NaI(Tl) scintillator+Ra, an NaI(Tl) scintillator +14C and a plastic scintillator +14C, were used during a period of 24 months for a daily check of two TLD readers: the Harshaw 2000 A + B and the Toledo 651. On the basis of light source measurements we investigated long-term changes and day-to-day fluctuations of the reader response. Systematical changes of the Toledo reader response of up to 6% during a working week are explained by nitrogen effects in the plastic scintillator light source. We found that the temperature coefficient of the light source intensity was −0.05%/°C for the plastic scintillator and −0.3%/°C for the NaI(Tl) scintillator. The 210Pb content in the Ra activated NaI(Tl) scintillator caused a time-dependent decrease in light source intensity of 3%/yr for the light source in the Harshaw reader. The internal light sources revealed a relative standard deviation of 0.5% for the Toledo reader and the Harshaw reader after respective reading times of 0.45 and 100 sec.
Note regarding the Word ‘Behavior’ in Glossaries of Introductory Textbooks, Dictionaries, and Encyclopedias Devoted to Psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Glossaries of introductory textbooks in psychology, biology, and animal behavior were surveyed to find whether they included the word ‘behavior’. In addition to texts, encyclopedias and dictionaries devoted to the study of behavior were also surveyed. Of the 138 tests sampled across all three fields, only 38 (27%) included the term ‘behavior’ in their glossaries. Of the 15 encyclopedias and dictionaries surveyed, only 5 defined ‘behavior’. To assess whether the term ‘behavior’ has disappeared from textbook glossaries or whether it has usually been absent, we sampled 23 introductory psychology texts written from 1886 to 1958. Only two texts contained glossaries, and the word ‘behavior’ was defined in both. An informal survey was conducted of students enrolled in introductory classes in psychology, biology, and animal behavior to provide data on the consistency of definitions. Students were asked to “define the word ‘behavior’.” Analysis indicated the definition was dependent upon the course. We suggest that future introductory textbook authors and editors of psychology-based dictionaries and encyclopedias include ‘behavior’ in their glossaries.
Digital Payment Innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper takes stock of developments and policy issues related to digital payments innovations across sub-Saharan African (SSA), including central bank digital currency (CBDC), fast payments systems (FPS), mobile money, and crypto assets, which are now at the forefront of policymakers’ attention in the region. Drawing on insights from a recent IMF survey of SSA central banks (Ricci and others, 2024), the analysis is grounded in the unique characteristics of SSA compared with other regions. The paper offers tailored recommendations related to policy, regulation, and design, aimed at strengthening the digital payment landscape in the region. It notes the important role of strengthening digital infrastructure and leveling the playing field for private sector involvement through an enabling, competitive, interoperable and secure operating environment. The development of mobile money and FPS should be encouraged. CBDCs can complement these and could be pursued when there are well-identified market failures or other strategic reasons that require public intervention in the digital payment space. While crypto assets (especially adequately backed stablecoins) can support financial innovations, they are also associated with risks that should be contained through comprehensive regulations. Crypto assets should not be adopted as legal tenders. Stronger collaboration across borders can foster efficiency gains and international interoperability of payment systems.
How Geopolitics Shapes Higher Education Internationalization: Institutional Responses to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Values such as peace, mutual understanding, and solidarity have long been subsidiary to the aim of pursuing competition and revenue through the internationalization of higher education (HE). With the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, higher education institutions demonstrated strong support for peace and solidarity. Yet, the extent to which we are witnessing a return to an international politics rationale driving HE internationalization remains unclear. Using Canada and Germany as case studies, this paper compares how international conflict impacts HE internationalization practices from a host institution perspective. The developed theoretical framework connects HE crisis literature with novel approaches to HE institutions in global geopolitics. Data were analyzed through critical policy analysis, focusing on university presidents’ statements and institutional press releases. The key finding suggests the dominance of the logic of appropriateness whereby a geopolitical rationale governs institutional responses in a context where widely shared democratic values are under attack.
Role of phosphorylation and vanilloid ligand structure in ligand-dependent differential activations of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Vanilloid analogs, which can activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), have been classified into two types based on susceptibility to forskolin (FSK). Treatment of cells expressing TRPV1 with FSK enhances TRPV1 responses to capsaicin-type ligands while diminishing the responses to eugenol-type ligands. In this study, we determined the effect of FSK on the activation of TRPV1 stimulated with vanilloid ligands, through the influx of Ca2+ in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV1. Our findings suggest that the effects of FSK can be attributed to the phosphorylation of TRPV1, as evidenced by using a protein kinase A inhibitor and TRPV1 mutants at potential phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, we examined the structure-activity relationship of 13 vanilloid analogs. Our results indicated that vanilloid compounds could be classified into three types, that is the previously reported two types and a novel type of 10-shogaol, by which TRPV1 activation was insusceptible to the FSK treatment.