jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Transition from YTS to Work: Content, Context and the External Labour Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the experiences of a year group of young people who had been in fourth year of secondary school in Scotland in 1983/4. It presents the analysis which is based on two distinctions. The first is between internal and external recruitment from Youth Training Scheme (YTS). The second is that between the content and context of education and training. YTS is fighting to maintain its position in a tightening youth labour market in the face of pressures on employers to reduce training and to use higher wages to attract 'good' young workers. The variation in YTS leaving profiles across different school qualification groups partly reflected these occupational differences. Internal recruits were more likely than external recruits to have completed their schemes; they were also more likely to have gained qualifications from YTS. The transition from YTS to work was in many respects smoother and more continuous for the internal recruits.
Electron Delocalization in One-Electron Oxidized Aniline Oligomers, Paradigms for Polyaniline. A Study by Paramagnetic Resonance in Fluid Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

How far is an electron delocalized in organic conducting polymers? Insights into this aspect are presented by analyzing the spin distribution in radical cations of seven differently substituted aniline oligomers. The paramagnetic stages of dimers, tetramers, and hexamers were studied by EPR/ENDOR spectroscopy in fluid solution and DFT calculations. The EPR isotropic hyperfine coupling constants are compared with calculated counterparts for two model systems. In all derivatives, the main portion of the spin and the charge are confined to the central phenylenediamine moiety; i.e., only a very limited electron delocalization into the adjacent phenyl substituents exists. These experimentally established results point to a substantial contribution of interchain hole transfer in conducting polyanilines.
Sampling from a suction induced mini-erosion in human skin. Methodological studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermal interstitial fluid (IF) was extracted serially and painlessly by brief suction for as long as 6 days. The erosion was otherwise kept occluded, Sample volumes exceded those required for measuring a wide range of biological substances. Epidermal regeneration was rapid. Glucose concentrations in IF and plasma, measured in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects for as long as 6 days were closely correlated over a wide range of values. During oral glucose tolerance tests on days 1 and 3 after forming the erosion, the IF OGTT curves for glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate and glycerol were very similar to plasma. IF lactate curves were higher than in plasma, reflecting glycolytic activity , whereas insulin curves were lower, reflecting vascular permeability. A potential is suggested for clinical sampling of glucose in subjects with diabetes mellitus, and for experimental monitoring of dermal metabolism. The IF concentration of plasma proteins (size range 6-720 kDa) measured in IF on day 1 in healthy volunteers was consistent with findings obtained with other techniques. From day 2 to 5, the sample fluid reflected a steady state of increased permeability induced by mild inflammation. IF samples extracted on day 1 using greater negative pressure had lower protein concentrations than those extracted at lower pressure, indicating an increased water fraction and an intact sieve function of the vascular wall. The differences were less pronounced on days 2-5. Extraction volumes were dependent on the extraction pressure on all days. The findings indicate the usefulness of the technique for clinical experimental purposes.
An approach to automatic evaluation of higher cognitive levels assessment items

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large-scale assessments assess relatively large numbers of students. One of the biggest limitations/ challenges in MOOC today is conducting effective assessments in a large-scale environment. The quality of large-scale assessment is under threat from multiple sources including assessment instrument specific and measurement errors. Assessment instrument specific errors are related to the extent to which assessments meet its objectives while measurement errors are incurred during the process of evaluation. A survey of sample of existing assessment instruments used for large scale assessments is conducted to identify assessment instrument specific errors. In this paper, we have proposed the usage of technology to build electronic item banks for avoiding assessment instrument specific and measurement errors, thereby improving the quality of assessments. We have proposed 12 unique item types which are amenable for automatic evaluation. The process of evaluating students response automatically is discussed in detail for each item type. These automated item types provides cost effective ways for achieving validity and reliability for large scale assessments.
Brown Seaweed Sargassum siliquosum as an Intervention for Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Wistar Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The therapeutic potential of Sargassum siliquosum grown in Australian tropical waters was tested in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 12 rats and each group was fed a different diet for 16 weeks: corn starch diet (C); high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) containing fructose, sucrose, saturated and trans fats; and C or H diets with 5% S. siliquosum mixed into the food from weeks 9 to 16 (CS and HS). Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, fatty liver and left ventricular fibrosis developed in H rats. In HS rats, S. siliquosum decreased body weight (H, 547 ± 14; HS, 490 ± 16 g), fat mass (H, 248 ± 27; HS, 193 ± 19 g), abdominal fat deposition and liver fat vacuole size but did not reverse cardiovascular and liver effects. H rats showed marked changes in gut microbiota compared to C rats, while S. siliquosum supplementation increased gut microbiota belonging to the family Muribaculaceae. This selective increase in gut microbiota likely complements the prebiotic actions of the alginates. Thus, S. siliquosum may be a useful dietary additive to decrease abdominal and liver fat deposition.
Digital Literacy Mastery and its Role in Human Resource Competitiveness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyses the 2022 Human Development Index development in Central Java Province, exploring its correlation with challenges and opportunities in the education sector, particularly digital literacy.The primary goal is to assess the HDI trends and identify areas for improvement, focusing on the education sector's influence on digital literacy.The study utilizes HDI reports and examines the components contributing to the overall score, including health, education, and per capita expenditure.Emphasis is placed on children's average years of schooling and education expectancy.Central Java's HDI improved by 0.87%, reaching a score of 72.79, showcasing growth in health, education, and per capita expenditure.The average years of schooling (12.81 years) signal opportunities for enhancing digital literacy, crucial for workforce competitiveness in the technological era.However, challenges persist at the senior high school level, particularly low enrolment rates.To address challenges, proposed solutions include policy evaluations, adjustments to Law No 23/2014, and the optimization of traditional arts as part of cultural education.Strategies for equitable regional development, enhancement of Information and Communication Technology infrastructure and skills, and improving local-level education quality are recommended to support human development goals and enhance human resource competitiveness in Central Java.
Quantitative and Qualitative Alterations of Plasma Lipoproteins in Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to clarify lipoprotein abnormality in mild to moderate obesity (BMI > or = 25), plasma was separated by table top ultracentrifugation into VLDL (chylomicron), IDL, LDL and HDL. Chol, TG and ApoB were determined in each fraction by enzymatic and sensitive Latex method. The data were analysed according to glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia (HI). In obese subjects, irrespective of glucose intolerance, Chol, TG & ApoB levels were high in plasma, and an increase in VLDL (Chol, TG & ApoB), IDL (Chol & ApoB), LDL (Chol & ApoB), and a decrease in HDL-Chol were observed. These levels were also abnormal in nonDM particularly with HI. In DM, HI did not seem to affect hyperlipidemia. Correlation between Chol, TG and ApoB in three ApoB containing lipoprotein subfractions was noted in obesity. The ratio of Chol/ApoB and TG/ApoB in LDL was significantly lower in obesity implying that LDL particles were smaller in size. Half of nonDM patients had HI, and only 29% of DM patients had HI, and both groups had almost the same lipoprotein abnormality. Hyperlipidemia was severe in nonDMHI(+) compared to nonDMHI(-). Therefore, in hyperlipidemia of obesity, hyperinsulinemia plays a role in nonDM and hyperglycemia in DM. Insulin resistance seems to be an important factor in DM. Although the mechanism may be different, the consequence of hyperlipidemia is similar. Increased numbers of ApoB containing lipoproteins and smaller size of LDL are the characteristic features of hyperlipidemia in mild to moderate obesity. Because these quantitative and qualitative changes appear to be linked to an increased risk for premature arteriosclerosis, intensive therapy should be recommended even in mild to moderate obesity.
Chemical peeling--evaluation of glycolic acid in varying concentrations and time intervals.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty-one patients with melasma, 4 with superficial post acne scarring and one each with xeroderma pigmentosum and epidermal naevus were studied to know the efficacy of glycolic acid for chemical peeling in varying concentrations and time intervals such as 35% (4 minutes), 52.5% (3 minutes), 70% (2 minutes) at varying intervals upto 6 months. These patients were in the age group of 17-44 years. These patients were followed up regularly. Results showed significant improvement when peeling was done with 52.5% glycolic acid for 3 minutes in melasma, 70% glycolic acid for 2 minutes in superficial post acne scarring.
Approximate Solution of One-Point Reactor Kinetic Equations for Arbitrary Reactivities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a very simple formulation of the reactor kinetic equation for arbitrary reactivity variations which can be solved analytically. The method of matched asymptotic expansions, which is a generalization of methods used in boundary-layer analysis, is employed to estimate the neutron density and the reactor period for ramp and periodic inputs. The small amounts of error arising in individual cases are analyzed quantitatively by comparison with results obtained from difference approximation (Runge-Kutta-Merson method). The validity of the zero-prompt-lifetime approximation and the stability condition for periodic inputs are also discussed. It is confirmed that the results obtained by the present method are numerically in complete agreement with those by other methods, provided the magnitudes of bias reactivity | ρ0 |, reactivity amplitude | ρ1 | and ramp reactivity | γt | are all very small compared with β, that the angular frequency ω≪β/l*, and that, in particular, l*≪10−3.
Croyances des futurs enseignants et l'utilisation des technologies de l'information en milieu scolaire

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Few studies have been undertaken exploring the basic question of attitudes of student teachers concerning the integration of information technologies and communications (ITC) in school settings. Nevertheless, we recognize that the motivation of the primary players is essential for ensuring the integration of microcomputers into educational settings. The student teachers live in a techno-educational paradox. This paper discusses the results of a research study concerning beliefs of future teachers regarding the educational integration of ITC into school settings. The data revealed that the participants interviewed expressed favorable opinions regarding the presence of technology in today's society and for the future.
NMR Contribution to the Structural Study of Cryolitic Melts: Study of NaF-AlF3-Al System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High temperature NMR spectroscopy has been used to characterize in situ the interactions between aluminium metal and cryolitic melts. 27Al, 23Na and 19F NMR spectra have been registered in NaF-AlF3-Al melts 10°C above the melting temperatures over a wide range of compositions. The evolution of the signals signs the chemical reaction between the metal and the salt. The different compositions have been also characterized after solidification at room temperature by MAS NMR, microscopy and DRX. The collected data indicate the enrichment of the different melts with AlF3.
Bandwidth enhancement for microstrip patch antenna using stacked patch and slot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small size wideband microstrip patch antenna with slot in ground plane and stacked patch fed through microstrip line is presented. By inserting slot on ground plane and stacked patch supported by wall, the bandwidth can improve up to 25% without significant change in the frequency. The bandwidth before adding the slot and the stacked patch was 3.72%, whereas after adding the slot and the stacked patch the bandwidth increased up to 25% ranging from 2.45 to 3.3 GHz. The radiation pattern has acceptable response at both E-plane and H-plane. The ground plane size is 30 mm by 90 mm, the antenna designed is based on Roger RT/duroid 5880 with dielectric constant 2.2.
Better safe than sorry: Risky function exploitation through safe optimization

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Exploration-exploitation of functions, that is learning and optimizing a mapping between inputs and expected outputs, is ubiquitous to many real world situations. These situations sometimes require us to avoid certain outcomes at all cost, for example because they are poisonous, harmful, or otherwise dangerous. We test participants' behavior in scenarios in which they have to find the optimum of a function while at the same time avoid outputs below a certain threshold. In two experiments, we find that Safe-Optimization, a Gaussian Process-based exploration-exploitation algorithm, describes participants' behavior well and that participants seem to care firstly whether a point is safe and then try to pick the optimal point from all such safe points. This means that their trade-off between exploration and exploitation can be seen as an intelligent, approximate, and homeostasis-driven strategy.
European macroeconomic constitution and its post-crisis reproduction: the Single Supervisory Mechanism

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The functioning of the ECB/Eurosystem is governed by a number of operational mechanisms, which constrain the performance of monetary policy function under a high level of independence enshrined in the European macroeconomic constitution. The creation of the Single Supervisory Mechanism, with the ECB at its apex, responsible for a large number of day-to-day supervisory tasks, has created a number of challenges possibly affecting the efficient functioning of the ECB main decision-making body (the Governing Council), continuous observance of the principle of good administration and the primacy of monetary policy objective over other ones within the Eurosystem. We show that the newly created SSM has assimilated, to certain extent, some operational mechanisms governing the functioning of the EMU's monetary policy pillar. This strongly suggests that supranational rules of the Economic and Monetary Union can be considered as structurally robust enough to address legal and constitutional constrains imposed upon the ECB and to be reproduced to organize the exercise of new competences conferred by the Member States upon the Union.
Intertwined Itineraries: Debt, Decolonization, and International Law in Post-World War II South Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Article brings a Tamil-speaking Chettiar widow and a Dutch scholar of international law - two seemingly disparate characters - together through a footnote. Set against the background of decolonizing South and Southeast Asia in the aftermath of World War Two, it follows the judgment in a little-known suit for recovery of debt, filed at a district-level civil court in Madras in British India, which escaped the attention of local legal practitioners, but made its way into an international law treatise compiled and written in Utrecht, twenty years later. Instead of using it to trace how South Asian judiciaries interpreted international law, the Article looks at why claims to international law were made by ordinary litigants like Chettiar women in everyday cases like debt settlements, and how they became “evidence” of state practice for international law. These intertwined itineraries of law, that take place against the Japanese occupation of Burma and the Dutch East Indies and the postwar reconstruction efforts in Rangoon, Madras and Batavia, show how jurisdictional claims made by ordinary litigants form an underappreciated archive for histories of international law. In talking about the creation and circulation of legal knowledges, this Article argues that this involves thinking about and writing from footnotes, postscripts and marginalia - and the lives that are intertwined in them.
Evaluation of TCR Vβ subfamily T cell expansion in NOD/SCID mice transplanted with human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Examination of the T cell receptor (TCR) gene repertoire is important in the analysis of the immune status of models, because clonal expansion of T cells permits the identification of specific antigen responses of T cells. Little is known about T-cell immunity in the humanized NOD/SCID mouse model. TCR Vbeta repertoire usage and clonality were analyzed to investigate the distribution and clonal expansion of TCR Vbeta subfamily T cells in NOD/SCID mice transplanted with human cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cells. The NOD/SCID mice were sublethally irradiated ((60)Co, 300cGy) to eliminate residual innate immunity in the host. The experimental mice were transplanted intravenously with CB CD34(+) cells sorted by MACS. After 6 weeks, RNA was obtained from peripheral blood, bone marrow and thymus of the study animals. The gene expression and clonality of the TCR Vbeta repertoire were determined by RT-PCR and GeneScan techniques. A restricted range of TCR Vbeta usage was exhibited in the bone marrow of mice, which included TCR Vbeta 1, 2, 9, 13 and 19. Further, oligoclonal expression of some TCR Vbeta subfamilies (Vbeta9, 13, 19) was identified by GeneScan technique. To investigate the reason for oligoclonal expansion of the TCR Vbeta subfamily T cells from CB in mouse models, the T-cell culture with tissue-antigen of NOD/SCID mouse was performed in vitro. The cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow, spleen, thymus in NOD/SCID mice were frozen and thawed, and used as tissue-antigen. CB mononuclear cells were separately cultured with the component from those murine cells for 15-20 days. Oligoclonal expression or oligoclonal trend of some TCR Vbeta subfamilies (Vbeta10, 11 and Vbeta2, 15, 16, 19) was detected in T cells after stimulation with tissue-antigen of NOD/SCID mouse. Interestingly, a similar clonal expansion of the TCR Vbeta11 subfamily was found in T cells cultured with peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen respectively. The TCR Vbeta subfamily T cells could be reconstituted in humanized NOD/SCID mouse transplanted with CD34(+) cells from CB. The restricted expression and clonal expansion of some CB T cell clones may be induced by tissue-antigens of NOD/SCID mice.
‘Lost hope, abandoned lives, decimated civilisations’: Sites of Cultural Struggle in Beach House (1995)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Working to do justice to invisibilised Black lives by dispensing with the confining conventions of realistic portraiture, Himid relied on an abstract lexicon to create her Beach House series, the subject of this chapter, in 1995. Across these emotively charged and politically hard-hitting as well as aesthetically experimental works, she removes any literal trace of a human figure to focus solely on the physical structure of the beach house. As external and internal sites and sights of liminality and loss, frailty and rupture, dream and nightmare, confinement and liberation, Himid’s ‘transient temporary structures’ function as surrogate portraits of the vulnerabilities, violations and violences circumscribing Black memories, histories and narratives as defined by the histories and legacies of slavery, colonialism and empire.
Multi-channel Doppler backscattering measurements in the C-2 field reversed configuration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A versatile heterodyne Doppler Backscattering (DBS) system is used to measure density fluctuation levels (in the wavenumber range kρs ≤ 50), and the toroidal E × B flow velocity in the C-2 Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC). Six tunable frequencies in three waveguide bands (26 GHz ≤ f ≤ 90 GHz) are launched using monostatic beam optics, via a quasi-optical beam combiner/polarizer and an adjustable parabolic focusing mirror (inside the vacuum enclosure) achieving Gaussian beam spot sizes of 3–5.5 cm at the X/O-mode cutoff. The DBS system covers plasma densities of 0.8 × 1013 ≤ ne ≤ 1 × 1014 cm−3, and provides access to the FRC core (up to the field null) and across the FRC separatrix into the scrape-off layer plasma.
Body Composition And Somatotype Profiles In Candidates That Apply To Dance And Theater University Degrees

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To determine and compare the body composition and somatotype profiles between candidates to dance and candidates to theater university degrees. METHODS: 157 (110 females, 47 males) Mexican candidates who applied to dance and theater university degrees were evaluated anthropometrically by certified staff by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). A complete anthropometric profile evaluation, according to ISAK methodology, was performed on each participant. Body composition was estimated using Kerr's equations for adipose, muscle, and bone tissues. The somatotype was determined following the Heath-Carter method (anthropometrically by decimal equations). The sample was divided depending on the performing art (dance or theater). Values of body composition and somatotype components were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th-75th percentiles). Student T and Mann Whitney U tests for independent samples were performed to compare variables between groups. RESULTS: Participants' age, weight, height, and body mass index were: 19 (18-20) and 19 (18-20) years, 57.6 (51.9-63.7) and 64.0 (52.8-71.5); 162.0 (156.3-166.8) and 165.2 ± 9.9; and 21.7 (20.1-23.2) and 23.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2, for dance and theater, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups for any component of body composition. In the case of somatotype, Mesomorphy values were significantly lower in dance than in theater candidates. No other significant difference in somatotype was found. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that body composition and somatotype, except for mesomorphy, were very similar between candidates to dance and theater university degrees. These values may serve as a reference for candidates to these university degrees.