jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data set from Iacobellis G, Secchi F, Capitanio G, Basilico S, Schiaffino S, Boveri S, Sardanelli F, Corsi Romanelli MM, Malavazos AE. Epicardial Fat Inflammation in Severe COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Dec;28(12):2260-2262. doi: 10.1002/oby.23019. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 32862512.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Data set from the comment Iacobellis G, Secchi F, Capitanio G, Basilico S, Schiaffino S, Boveri S, Sardanelli F, Corsi Romanelli MM, Malavazos AE. Epicardial Fat Inflammation in Severe COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Dec;28(12):2260-2262. doi: 10.1002/oby.23019. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 32862512. Here is the introduction: Hence, we retrospectively analyzed EAT from CT scans of patients who were admitted for COVID‐19. We collected data from 41 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection who were admitted at the Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, University of Milan, Italy, between April 1 and April 9, 2020. A confirmed case of COVID‐19 was defined by a positive result on a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay of a specimen collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Chest CT scan was performed on admission day 1 in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection to evaluate the presence of pulmonary embolism. EAT measurement was retrospectively obtained from each CT scan and analyzed according to the clinical and radiological criteria defining COVID‐19 severity. EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) density was defined as mean attenuation expressed in Hounsfield units (HU).
The influence of non-controlling major shareholder's exit threat on firm's idiosyncratic risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Non-controlling major shareholders can effectively restrain controlling shareholders and management by exit threat, so as to participate in corporate governance. Traditional research holds that the exit threat of non-controlling major shareholders can make the company have a more stable development prospect, but it has not paid enough attention to the hidden dangers. Based on 23,243 samples of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2010 to 2021, this paper analyzes the influence of non-controlling major shareholder's exit threat on idiosyncratic risk of enterprises. It is found that the exit threat of non-controlling major shareholders will significantly increase the idiosyncratic risk of enterprises. Overall, exit threat lead to increased idiosyncratic risk. This conclusion is still robust after controlling for endogenous problems. The reason why the exit threat amplifies the idiosyncratic risk is that the idiosyncratic volatility is the market's response to the increased uncertainty of the future return rate of individual stocks, while the high exit threat of non-controlling major shareholders of a company exposes the future uncertainty of the company to investors more. This paper reveals that the threat of exit is the key factor affecting the idiosyncratic risk of firms, which has important reference value for regulators and investors.
Servant Leadership and Transformative Change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book chapter explores the transformative shift in leadership and organizational change within educational contexts, highlighting the transition from traditional models to more inclusive, adaptive, and human-centered approaches. It delves into the concepts of servant leadership and transformative change as pivotal frameworks for fostering educational environments conducive to the comprehensive growth of students, educators, and the broader community. By integrating theoretical insights with practical implications, the chapter provides a nuanced exploration of cultural transformation, structural reconfiguration, pedagogical innovation, professional development, and community engagement. Through this lens, the chapter offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and implementing leadership and change practices that nurture dynamic, resilient, and inclusive school environments, contributing to the broader discourse on educational leadership and societal transformation.
Why House Prices Increase in the COVID-19 Recession: A Five-Country Empirical Study on the Real Interest Rate Hypothesis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There are substantial rebounds in house prices in many developed economies after the outbreak of COVID-19. It provides a special opportunity to test the real interest rate hypothesis empirically as a “synchronized” price rebound implies a common cause of house price hikes across the economies. This study conducts a panel regression analysis on five economies, namely Australia, Canada, European Union, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, to test the hypothesis. The data range from 2017Q1 to 2021Q1. The results confirm that the real interest rate imposes a negative and significant effect on house price growth rate after controlling for economic growth factors, unemployment factors, and cross-country fixed effects. The empirical result of the five housing markets shows that a 1% fall in the real interest rate caused a 1.5% increase in house prices, ceteris paribus, in this period. It also provides casual evidence refuting the economic growth hypothesis and the migrant hypothesis in New Zealand. The results provide far-reaching practical implications on housing policy and on the ways forward to solve housing affordability problems.
Teenage Unemployment: Some Evidence of the Long-Run Effects on Wages

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While the issue of teenage unemployment has received a great deal of attention by policy-makers and the popular press, there is little systematic research on the long-run effects of this experience. This study attempts to address this question by examining the influence of teenage unemployment on subsequent wage rates. Using the young men's cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys, we find that for the average out-of-school youth, teenage unemployment has little effect on the wages earned as a young adult eight years later. In general, the experience is a positive one for white and black youth, though more so for the former. While extended teen unemployment diminishes these benefits for both races, only black youth suffer a drop in subsequent wages. There is indirect evidence that government training programs offset part of the effect of long-term teenage unemployment.
Correlations between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Peritoneal Transport in Pediatric CCPD Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important regulator of plasminogen activators and has been shown to be involved in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in various tissues. Since peritoneal ECM is a resistance site for peritoneal transport, the production and release of PAI-1 in the peritoneum may affect the peritoneal transport of water and small solutes. Design The linear correlations between the dialysate PAI-1 levels and the variables of peritoneal transport during peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) were examined. Setting: A tertiary university hospital. Patients Six stable pediatric patients (age 10.8%4 years) undergoing continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis were included. Interventions None. Results All data are mean±, D. There was a positive correlation between the infused volume and the net ultrafiltration (UF, 198±127 mL, r = 0.82, p < 0.05). The dialysate PAI-1 levels increased during the dwell time (2.44±2.23 ng/mL or 2.46±1.72 μg at 4 hours vs 0.04±0.1 ng/mL or 0.04±0.09 μg at 0 hour, p < 0.05). The saturation indices (dialysate/plasma ratio) of PAI-1 and albumin at 4 hours were 1.05±1.21 and 0.028±0.004, respectively. The changes from O-hour dwell to 4-hour dwell in the dialysate PAI-1 concentration (PAI4-o, 2.4±2.2 ng/mL) or amount corrected to body surface area (APAI4-0/BSA, 2.61 ±2.11μg/m2) negatively correlated with UF or UF/body surface area and positively correlated with the number of episodes of peritonitis. There was no correlation between PAI4-o, APAI4-0/BSA, or plasma PAI-1 concentration and the mass transfer coefficient and clearance of either urea or creatinine. Conclusions The elevated PAI-1 level during the PET was likely from the local production and release of PAI-1. It had an inverse relationship with the amount of ultrafiltration. Repeated inflammation of the peritoneum was associated with an increased production and release of PAI-1 into the peritoneum.
Sporadic multiple renal angiomyolipoma with lymph node involvement: a case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign tumor that mainly occurs in the kidneys. Simultaneous involvement of the kidney and local regional lymph nodes is very rare and might be misdiagnosed as a metastasizing malignant cancer. In the present study, a 50-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after a routine health screening ultrasound. Sporadic multiple renal AML with lymph node involvement was suspected based on the clinical manifestations and radiologic features. Partial nephrectomy was performed and a para-inferior vena cava lymph node was removed. The pathologic results confirmed multiple AML with lymph node invasion. We also reviewed the English-language literature regarding renal AML with lymph node involvement. We found that middle-aged women were likely to develop this disease and that loin pain was the main presenting feature. Most patients had no history of tuberous sclerosis complex. Radical nephrectomy was the predominant treatment. No local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred in any patients after radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. In conclusion, renal AML with lymph node involvement is rare but can occur in both patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and those with multiple sporadic AML. Partial nephrectomy should be the first-line treatment, after which further treatment is not necessary.
Autoimmunity and HCV infection in porphyria cutanea tarda: a controlled study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autoimmunity and high rates of autoantibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda. These abnormalities could be in part virus-induced, since porphyria cutanea tarda in most geographical regions is highly associated with hepatitis C virus infection. We analyzed the link of autoantibodies, autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus in 111 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and sex- and age-matched controls (mean age 58+/-13 years) in Germany, a region with a low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection. Patients with porphyria cutanea tarda displayed lower rates of anti-nuclear antibodies (16/111, 14% vs 28/111, 25%, p<0,05) and of antibodies against smooth muscle (25/111, 23% vs 48/111, 43%, p<0,01), than controls. The percentage of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda with positive anti-HCV was low but significantly higher than in our controls (9/111, 8% vs 0/111, 0%, respectively), (p<0,05). Two patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (2/111, 2%) fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and not one of 65 patients was found to have clinical autoimmune hepatitis. In the first controlled study of a large cohort of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda no increased prevalence of selected autoantibodies and autoimmune hepatitis was found. However, a higher prevalence of HCV infection and systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda was confirmed.
Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: favorable impact of chronic graft-versus-host disease on survival and relapse.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study confirms that long term survival can be achieved with HSCT in ALL patients, even those with cytogenetic abnormalities. Transplant mortality has been significantly reduced in recent years, whereas leukemia rate relapse has remained unchanged: the latter is influenced by the occurrence of chronic GvHD. Immune intervention post-HSCT may be considered to address this problem.
Virtual high dynamic range imaging for robust recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel approach to a virtual high dynamic range (HDR) imaging for the object recognition robust to large radiance variations is presented. Unlike the conventional approaches to HDR imagery and tone mapping [10] that seeks for the enhanced displays optimal for human perception, the proposed approach aims at the robustness in recognition under the presence of poor and/or saturated radiance in imaging. The method first transforms a low dynamic range (LDR) image under the existence of poor and/or saturated recordings into a virtual HDR image with no poor and/or saturated ones. The key to the proposed HDR transformation is extending the shutter speed and intensity relationship of individual pixels beyond saturation, in the real color space, based on an LDR image captured. The method then applies a histogram optimization to the HDR image obtained, in the intensity space, in such a way as to fit it into an LDR image suitable for processing. A mathematical formula is presented as a general form of histogram transformation. The proposed histogram optimization then determines the parameters of the formula in such a way that the resulting image can deliver the maximium information for recognition.
Your keyboard your career campaign

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Your Keyboard Your Career is a communications campaign rallying millennials to practise responsible social media postings for the sake of their career as studies have highlighted the prevalence of employers in Singapore conducting social media checks to guide their hiring decisions of a candidate. Led by four final-year undergraduates from the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU), the campaign targeted millennials aged 18 to 25 years old who were enrolled in either a Polytechnic or a University as they were the demographic that would enter the workforce soon after graduation. By reframing social media screening as an opportunity for millennials to showcase themselves to employers instead of a threat to their employment opportunities, the campaign aims to encourage millennials to start practising responsible social media behaviours. This report presents the findings from primary and secondary research, which helped in the team’s conceptualisation and design of the campaign’s strategies and key messages. The success of the campaign was also evaluated, alongside a discussion on its effectiveness and limitations. Finally, the report will end off with an appendix containing the results from the primary research, collateral designs and final products from the campaign’s activities. These campaign materials serve as reference to the main report.
La caracterización del Patrimonio Educativo: el caso de las escuelas del Ave María del Sacromonte en Granada

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

La falta de atención prestada al Patrimonio Educativo por parte de las administraciones\npúblicas y su inexistente caracterización en la legislación, tanto estatal como\nautonómica, relativa al Patrimonio Histórico, es el tema central de este artículo que\ncomo ejemplo del abundante Patrimonio Educativo que podemos encontrar en nuestro\npaís analiza el perteneciente a las Escuelas del Ave María del Sacromonte granadino en\ntodos sus aspectos: Arquitectura, arqueología, paisaje, bienes muebles, patrimonio\ndocumental y bibliográfico�
Knowledge capture and textual inference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The present and future information needs of the society rely on the ability of computers to understand and manage knowledge. The lack of this mechanism explains the problems of knowledge driven systems to effectively perform tasks as question answering and machine reading. One of the biggest bottlenecks is the automatic knowledge acquisition problem. In the actual stage of development, it seems obvious that only semisupervised or unsupervised techniques can scale to deal with large corpora of natural language like the Web. The trend has evolved from populating a predefined ontology to expressing knowledge through either unconstrained relations or propositions. The arrival of new deep language processing technologies let us think that we can annotate large collections of text with accurate predicates that can be used to extracting knowledge from text without tying it to any predefined logical schema. On the other hand, it is not clear which tasks can harness this knowledge and how it can be done. This master’s thesis proposes a new method of knowledge capture and textual inference based on three cornerstones: (1) First, we develop a procedure to turn plain text into a graph based representation taking advantage of existing tools. (2) Second, we develop a proposition extraction system. (3) Lastly, we study an unsupervised method for correction of appositive dependencies, as an example of the textual inferences that the generated proposition store enables. In addition, we generate two useful resources for future tasks of natural language processing: A corpus of 7 million documents represented as semantically enriched graphs and a proposition store of semantic classes with 8 million instances of entity-class relations.
Immunomodulatory Potential of Patchouli Alcohol Isolated from <i>Pogostemon cablin</i> (Blanco) Benth (Lamiaceae) in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To isolate and purify patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene constituent of Pogostemon cablin, and investigate its immunomodulatory potential in Kunming mice.Methods: PA was prepared from an ethanol aqueous extract of P. cablin by silica gel column chromatography, and further purified by crystallization using n-hexane. Purity was assessed by analytical gas chromatography (GC) and confirmation of chemical structure performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The effect of PA from Pogostemon cablin on immunological function was studied by macrophage phagocytosis, immune organ index, serum immunoglobulin level and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice that were administered orally doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg.Results: The purity of PA was 99.3%. The oral administration of PA (40, or 80 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the phagocytic index (p < 0.05), compared with prednisone acetate (PR) group. Administration of PA (80 mg/kg) boosted the production of circulating serum IgM (0.081 ± 0.010) and IgG (1.296 ± 0.120), while IgM and IgG in PR group was 0.069 ± 0.011 (p < 0.01) and 1.180 ± 0.070 (p < 0.01) respectively. However, PA (20 mg/kg) treatment elicited significant decrease in DTH induced by 2, 4-dinitro-chlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice (1.03 ± 0.40, p < 0.05), in comparison to DNCB-induced group (1.67 ± 0.84 mg).Conclusion: These results suggest that PA has significant immunomodulatory properties which probably act by activating mononuclear phagocytic system, augmenting humoral immune response while suppressing cellular immune response.Keywords: Patchouli alcohol, Pogostemon cablin, Immunomodulatory, Phagocytic index, Macrophage
Social Endorsing Mechanism for Social Event Diffusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

“Check-in” function of mobile social network platform acts as a key role in connecting the online word to the offline word (O2O). In this paper, we propose a suite of innovative social event endorsing mechanism, which aims to find out those endorsers who have event proneness and high sharing willingness and high propagation strength in event information diffusion, with a recommended list of potential event attenders. Our mechanism propagates social event information in an efficient way by helping consumers effortlessly filter the events fitting their preference and location. On the other hand, it helps business propagate social event to the target consumers in an efficiency way.
Immunological reprogramming during natural helminth–protozoan coinfections: a cross-sectional population-based study in rural Nigeria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Concurrent parasitic infections are common in tropical regions and can lead to significant immune modulation. However, the immunological consequences of natural helminth–protozoan remain underexplored in rural African populations. Objective This study investigated immune profiles and environmental correlates of coinfection with helminths and protozoa in a rural Nigerian setting. Methods A total of 400 individuals aged 2–60 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Okeogun, Nigeria. Parasitological assessments identified species of intestinal helminths and protozoa. Circulating cytokines (Th1, Th2, regulatory) were measured using ELISA, and Treg activity was inferred from IL-10 and TGF-β levels. Results Helminth-only, protozoan-only, and mixed infections occurred in 45.3%, 20.8%, and 14.5% of participants, respectively. Coinfected individuals exhibited significantly elevated IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and TGF-β ( p < 0.001), with concurrent reductions in IFN-γ and IL-12. This cytokine profile suggests immune skewing toward regulatory and Th2 responses. Predictors of this shift included younger age, poor sanitation, and barefoot walking. Conclusion Helminth–protozoan coinfection induces immune reprogramming marked by heightened immunoregulatory activity and suppressed Th1 responses. These findings have implications for disease control, vaccine response, and public health planning in polyparasitic settings.
Cultural differences in risk: The group facilitation effect

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We compared South Koreans with Australians in order to characterize cultural differences in attitudes and choices regarding risk, at both the individual and group levels. Our results showed that Australians, when assessed individually, consistently self-reported higher preference for risk than South Koreans, regardless of gender. The data revealed that South Koreans, regardless of gender composition, were willing to take greater risks when making decisions in group decision-making situations than when they were alone. This is a different pattern from that seen in the Australian sample, in which a risky shift was noted only among males. This difference was attributed to the influence of various cultural orientations (independent vs. interdependent relationship styles). This study also provides a discussion of the implications of these results in terms of cultural differences in attitudes and decisions regarding risk.
Government‐level public leadership development in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines 201 leadership development programmes run by government agencies in the United States. It focuses on in‐service training provided to civil servants at the federal and state levels. The aim of this paper involves identifying and discussing the main curriculum themes that underpin those training programmes. Based on the analysis and interpretation of these programmes, it proposes directions for future public administration research. Points for practitioners Five curriculum themes—mentoring, leading change, emotional intelligence, diversity and equity, and crisis leadership—underpin the leadership training programmes of government agencies. These public organisations should be viewed and conceptualised not only as bureaucracies but also as communities of learning. It is crucial to measure these training programmes’ organisational outcomes and effectiveness.