jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison on Influencing Factors on Consciousness of Biomedical Ethics in Nursing Students and General Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구는 간호대학생과 일반대학생의 생명의료윤리의식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하기 위한 서술적 비 교조사연구이다. 본 연구를 위해 S시의 일개 종합대학의 간호대학생과 일반대학생 총 382명을 대상으로 구조화된 설 문지로 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 생명의료윤리의식의 정도는 평균평점 4점 만점에 간호대학생 3.04점, 일반대학 생 3.12점으로, 두 군 모두 생명의료윤리의식 정도가 보통 이상으로 나타났으며, 일반대학생이 간호대학생보다 생명 의료윤리의식이 유의하게 높았다. 생명의료윤리의식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 간호대학생은 생명존중의식과 지각된 윤리가치관이 높을수록, 일반대학생은 생명존중의식이 높을수록, 성태도가 보수적일수록, 자녀 중심적 의식이 높을수 록 생명의료윤리의식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 간호대학생과 일반대학생 두 군 모두 생명의료윤리의식에 영향 을 미치는 가장 강력한 예측 변수는 생명존중의식으로 나타났다. 따라서 미래 의료인이 될 간호대학생의 생명의료윤 리의식을 높이기 위해 교과 과정에 윤리교과목의 학점 비중을 높이고 학점과 병행한 다양한 매체 활용 및 특강 등 을 통해 윤리교육의 양적, 질적 수준이 제고되어야 할 것이다.
The Relation Between War, Starvation, and Fertility Ideals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Life History Perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this article, we examine the relations between extreme environmental harshness during childhood and personal fertility ideals in African students. The study is informed by biological models of predictive adaptive responses (PAR) for individual reproductive schedules in the context of life history theory (LHT). Following theoretical models of external and internal environmental cues, we tested whether war and starvation during childhood differentially predict African students’ personal fertility ideals in terms of their desired number of children and their desired age of first parenthood. The data were collected in eight different countries from sub-Saharan Africa with an overall sample size of N = 392. Standardized effect estimates were obtained using a Bayesian approach. The results suggest that war and starvation are predictive of the desired number of children, but not of the desired age of first parenthood. Moreover, the effect estimates varied considerably between females and males, indicating possible interactions between the two independent variables depending on the students’ sex. Furthermore, we found a small negative correlation between the desired number of children and the desired age of first parenthood, providing only weak support for a clustering of the two variables on a slow–fast continuum. The results are discussed in light of current models of individual life histories in humans.
Optimizing Decision-Making for Aid Allocation in Underdeveloped Regions Using the MOORA Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The allocation of assistance for the Family Hope Program is a process that requires precision to ensure that assistance is given to those most in need. This research develops a Decision Support System (DSS) using the Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method for optimizing the selection of beneficiaries in disadvantaged villages which includes criteria used including education, toddlers, pregnant women, disabilities, elderly, income, employment, number of dependents, and house size. Each criterion is normalized and given a weight according to its level of importance. The results show that alternative A2 has the highest optimization value with Yi of 0.254, followed by A8 (0.208) and A5 (0.204). In contrast, alternatives A3 (0.029) and A10 (0.035) have the lowest optimization value. Matrix normalization and criteria weights show the significant influence of the criteria of education, pregnant women, elderly, income, number of dependents, and house size in the selection process. The implementation of DSS with the MOORA method is proven to increase efficiency and accuracy in the selection process of Family Hope Program beneficiaries, reduce subjective errors, and ensure assistance is channeled to those who really need it. Therefore, the MOORA method is recommended as an effective tool to optimize social assistance allocation, increase transparency, and reduce bias in decision-making.
Recent Work on Pygmalion in Nineteenth‐Century Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Pygmalion, Ovid’s story of the sculptor who falls in love with his own statue, later brought to life by Venus, is a popular subject in English literature. In this essay I review recent work on Pygmalion in 19th‐century literature, focusing on the key themes of gender, class and metamorphosis. The literature reviewed includes analyses of specific Pygmalion poems and plays, as well as the use of Pygmalion as a trope for a range of concerns relating to male control, fashioning and the female subject. In the essay I consider Romantic and Victorian versions, as well as early 20th‐century texts such as George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1912) which I suggest has shaped modern ways of understanding Pygmalionism and transformation.
Factors Associated with the Choice of a Theoretical Orientation for Master's Level Counselors-in-Training

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A solid theoretical orientation is foundational to professional counselors’ conceptualization and treatment of clients, as well as their professional identities. Counselor educators and supervisors are charged with the task of guiding counselors-in-training (CITs) toward the identification and development of a personal theory of counseling that will serve to guide their work. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether age, sex, ethnicity, and thinking style correlated with a cognitive-behavioral theoretical orientation (CBTO) for CITs. The 144 participants in this study were master’s level professional CITs who were in their practicum or internship. Among the 144 study participants, 23 (16%) were male and 121 (84%) were female. The ethnic distribution was 122 (84.7%) Caucasian, six (4.2%) African American, six (4.2%) Hispanic or Latino, five (3.5%) Asian or Pacific Islander, and five (3.5%) Other. The average age in years was 30.6 (SD = 9.35) and the range was 22 to 61. The results showed a CIT with a Thinking Style II correlated weakly with a higher CBTO score and a CIT with a Thinking Style III tended to have a higher CBTO score. Finally, the investigation showed a CBTO was not significantly influenced by age, sex, or ethnicity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Early Gamma-Band Activity During Interference Predicts Working Memory Distractibility in ADHD

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objectives: Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display deficits in working memory (WM) and enhanced distractibility. Methods: Evoked gamma-band response (GBR) occurs already 50ms after stimulus onset and is modulated by attention. 16 boys with ADHD and 20 healthy controls (10-14 years) completed a WM task with distraction. Results: Occipitally evoked 40Hz-GBR was higher during distraction in ADHD than controls. GBR correlated negatively with interference control. Conclusion: These data suggest that ADHD patients are disturbed by interference on an early level of perception.
Adolescent Self-Esteem in Relation to Sexual Attitudes and Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the relationship between self-esteem and sexual behavior in a high school-aged relatively conservative sample. The study is based on 1983 and 1984 samples (total n=2423) of adolescents attending public high schools in Utah New Mexico and California. Entire classes of high school students from 20 high schools were asked to participate in the study. Adolescents were aged 14-19 when the survey was conducted. The sample was about 2/3 female and about 3/4 white. Attitudes about premarital sex were measured by answers to a question asking for the respondents attitude toward teenagers having sexual relations before marriage. Possible answers were 1) always wrong 2) usually wrong 3) neither right nor wrong 4) usually all right or 5) always all right. Sexual intercourse experience was measured by answers to the question of whether the respondent had ever had sexual relations once or more than once. Religious affiliation and activity were asked in the survey along with many other questions about demographic characteristics and family relationships. Self-esteem was measured using Rosenbergs scale. Study results are consistent with the normative context hypothesis: in groups with more conservative norms (Mormons frequent church attenders) the relationship between self-esteem and sexual intercourse experience is negative but there is no significant relationship between these variables in groups with less conservative norms. The direction of the relationship also depends on personal beliefs; the correlation between sexual intercourse experience and self-esteem is negative among those who believe that it is wrong for teenagers to have sex before marriage and it is positive among those who believe that premarital sex is all right.
Minat Wirausaha Siswa Pendidikan Vokasi dalam Bidang Jasa Instalasi Penerangan Listrik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study discusses the analysis of the entrepreneurial interest of vocational education students in the field of electric lighting installations. Science competence in Electrical Lighting Installation Engineering owned by vocational education graduates can be one of the basic opportunities for entrepreneurship while still paying attention to the factors that influence it. The factors that influence entrepreneurial interest come from internal and internal factors. This study aims to reveal students’ entrepreneurial interest in Electrical Lighting Installation Engineering at State Vocational High School (SMKN) 1 West Sumatra in terms of internal and external factors. Quantitative research with a descriptive approach is applied to 37 students of class XI and XII, the competency of Electrical Lighting Installation Engineering as a research subject. The questionnaire was used as an instrument for collecting research data which was then processed using the SPSS application to obtain the percentage value of the respondents' achievement for interest in entrepreneurship. The results showed that when viewed from internal and external factors, the percentage of Respondents' Achievement Level (TCR) for entrepreneurial interest was in the high category, and if reviewed separately internal factors affecting entrepreneurial interest were in the high category, while external factors affecting student entrepreneurial interest were enough category. Thus, it can be concluded that the entrepreneurial interest of students in the Electrical Lighting Installation Engineering Skills competence is in the high category and internal factors are factors that have a high influence.
Reforming Shareholder Claims in Investor-State Dispute Settlement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) stands alone in empowering shareholders to bring claims for shareholder reflective loss (SRL)—meaning claims over harms allegedly inflicted upon the company, but which somehow affect share value. National systems of corporate law and public international law regimes generally bar SRL claims for strong policy reasons bearing on the efficiency and fairness of the corporate form. However, ISDS tribunals allow shareholders broad and regular access to seek relief for reflective loss. The availability of SRL claims in ISDS ultimately harms States and investors alike, imposing surprise ex post costs on States and various corporate stakeholders (particularly creditors), and creating perverse incentives likely to raise the cost of doing business ex ante. The article sets out the harms caused by allowing ISDS claims for reflective loss, as well as the possible justifications for allowing such claims in this specific context. Concluding that any potential benefits of SRL can be realized through less invasive means, we then canvas a number of plausible reform options, with an eye to their trade-offs.
Preventing substation tripping

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article describes an actual case history of substation nuisance tripping caused by a transformer differential relay due to rolled-out current-transformer (CT) connections. One set of differential relay CTs was installed averse order, and it's wiring was installed as if the CTs were stalled in the correct order. It was after several weeks of substation initial energization, when all plant auxiliary loads, such as lighting and small 480-V equipment, were in operation, the substation main transformer tripped on a line-to-ground arcing fault on the 480 V-system. Transformer differential relay settings, which caused tripping of the transformer for this through fault, were suspected to be in error. It was thought that perhaps arcing ground fault on the 480-V system contained a relatively higher magnitude of harmonic currents. Relay-setting calculations, especially the harmonic restraint, percent slope, tap ratio adjustment, and percent mismatch were reviewed and found to be within acceptable ranges. After thorough checking of relay settings and visual inspection of the substation transformer and switchgear, the field crew reenergized the substation while the technical investigation by the author was still in progress.
Alcohol consumption and other mental health problems up during COVID‐19: Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study published in JAMA Network Open last month found that the frequency of alcohol consumption increased 14% overall during the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 compared to the same period a year earlier (baseline); this was an increase of 17% over the 2019 baseline for women, an increase of 19% for adults age 30 to 59 years and an increase of 10% for non‐Hispanic whites over the 2019 baseline. On average, alcohol was consumed one day more per month by three of four adults. Heavy drinking also went up for women. In addition, there was a 39% increase in the Short Inventory of Problems scale for women, which indicates increased alcohol‐related problems independent of consumption for almost one in 10 women. “These data provide evidence of changes in alcohol use and associated consequences during the COVID‐19 pandemic,” the researchers wrote. “In addition to a range of negative physical health associations, excessive alcohol use may lead to or worsen existing mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression, which may themselves be increasing during COVID‐19.” The study, “Changes in Adult Alcohol Use and Consequences During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in the U.S.,” is by Michael S. Pollard, Ph.D., of the RAND Corporation and colleagues.
Primary pupils' identification of listening behaviour in others

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of the study was exploratory: to discover which characteristics of behaviour young children recognize as indicative of listening in others. Although there has been previous research into listening, there is virtually none into children's own ideas of what listening means. Several questions were formulated which embodied the objectives of the research. \n \nThe subjects were drawn from an East Barnet primary school. Three age cohorts were formed, each of sixteen children (eight boys, eight girls). Cohort I consisted of the youngest children - reception class infants in their first term of formal school; Cohort II consisted of junior children in the middle of their primary schooling; Cohort III consisted of children in their last term of primary education. To obtain a different perspective, sixteen primary teachers were offered some of the same stimulus materials and their responses were compared with those made by the children. \n \nThe subjects were presented with two kinds of stimulus: picture recognition tasks and activities with dolls. They were asked to say who was listening in the pictures and how they could tell that they were listening. The children were asked to arrange the dolls in listening postures. They were also interviewed. \n \nResults showed a development in the children's descriptions of listening behaviour, both linguistically and socially. The findings were inconclusive in showing any differences between boys and girls. Older children, by their negative descriptions of listening, demonstrated the socializing influence exercised presumably by the school. \n \nThe conclusions have implications for teachers to become increasingly aware of their pupils' perspective: children in school may not share their teachers' expectations of Iistening behaviour; teachers need to recognize the significance of \nnonverbal messages in an interaction. Pupils, for their part, need guidance to realize their role as a reactive listener in a teaching situation.
Parotid swelling following implant surgery: a report of five cases.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Postoperative parotid swelling (PPS) of unknown etiology following abdominal surgery has been well documented. This report reviews the occurrence of PPS after implant surgery in five patients. The patients had no previous experience of parotid swelling, sialadenitis, or sialoangiitis. The incidence of PPS at the author's clinic was 1.7%. Although a causal relationship is suspected between the implant surgical procedure and PPS in these patients, no exact relationships were found. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2011;26:e5-e8.
Probing the minds of novice programmers through guided learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Learning to program is known to be difficult and problematic for a significant number of novice programmers. The problem has generated interest in a range of enquiries and has given impetus to the need for a teaching-research nexus, to provide a better understanding of novice programming problems. Our methodology involved is action research, conducted over five cycles. The first two cycles involve our study of novice responses to summative assessment. We analyse two sets of summative assessments in introductory programming courses in order to understand the answers provided by novices and the types of errors they typically make. In this thesis, we focus our analysis on multiple choice questions. We discuss the novice levels of difficulty to analyse novice responses to the multiple choice questions. We also define and discuss measures such as instructor levels of complexity to understand the intentions of the instructors when testing novices via summative assessments. In the third cycle we study the instructor perspectives to summative assessment and particularly into multiple choice questions. We conduct further research on instructor perspectives as we found that there are inadequacies in the levels of complexity which they perceive to exist in exam questions. In the fourth and fifth cycles we detail the development and evaluation of the guided learning tool. The guided learning tool is developed around the idea of probing the minds of novices as they use the tool to learn programming. This provides for an adaptive, learner-centric experience, allowing the student a self-directed learning environment. The tool, combined with the framework, allows instructors and novices to monitor novice progress and identify the strong and weak links between the components learned. Instructors may benefit by improving their teaching, as the guided learning tool helps them to identify “what” and “where” the learning difficulties are, and not take for granted the areas or components of learning that they believe the novices have easily understood. Novices may identify their weak components and work on the particular topics to improve their skills in learning to program. In the survey of the tool, we received approximately half of the responses mentioning that the questions in the guided learning tool help them to remember and understand programming concepts, which support our goal of the guided learning tool that is to aid novices to remember and understand programming concepts. Overall, we hope that the guided learning tool may prevent students from falling into the cognitive traps that often ensnare novice programmers.
The Struggle Between Norms and the International Organisation: A Case Study of India in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the objective of India's joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).The significance of this research lies in finding the correlation between the norms adopted by the organisation and the real reason for a country's joining that organisation.Similarly, special attention has been paid to the concept of international organisations as norm disseminators.The paper first discusses the normative theory of international relations and tries to bridge it with international organisations (IOs).Additionally, the paper assesses the role played by norms in driving international organisations or vice versa.The main argument is that India has adopted a cooperation and competition approach to the SCO, considering its bitter relations with China and Pakistan.This is a qualitative study that considers primary and secondary sources to connect the theoretical understanding with the empirical study.
Uptake and regulation of miR-21 in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In den letzten Jahren haben Untersuchungen von mikro-RNAs (miRNA) als Biomarker und post-transkriptionelle Faktoren an Wichtigkeit zugenommen, da eine große Anzahl von Krankheiten durch schwankende Konzentrationen von speziellen mikro-RNA Familien im Organismus ausgelöst werden können. Manche Hypothesen stellen die Möglichkeit in den Raum, dass die Aufnahme von diätischen mikro-RNAs in den menschlichen Körper extrinsische Effekte wie Wachstumsstimulation und Tumorbildung auslösen kann.Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit haben wir die Resorption einer speziellen onkogenen mikro-RNA, miR-21, durch den Gastrointestinaltrakt nach Fütterung von miR-21 Knockout und Wildtyp Mäusen mit mikro-RNA enthaltender Kuhmilch untersucht. In ersten Experimenten zeigte sich in Übereinstimmung mit Literaturdaten, dass die der Prozess zur Haltbarmachung einen großen Einfluss auf die mikro-RNA Konzentration in der Milch hat. Pasteurisierte Kuhmilch wies eine substanziell höhere mikro-RNA 21 Konzentration auf als ultrahocherhitzte Haltbarmilch (UHT).Anhand dieser Daten entwarfen wir einen Fütterungsplan für unser Experiment und analysierten nach abwechselnder Gabe von pasteurisierter und UHT-Milch durch hochsensitive Methoden wie qPCR die mikro-RNA 21 Konzentration in Mäuseblut und -organen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten. Interessanterweise konnten wir, unabhängig von der Art der gefütterten Milch, keinen signifikanten Anstieg von mikro-RNA 21 in den Mäusen feststellen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Kuhmilchkonsumation und einem erhöhten Riskio für Krebserkrankungen durch Aufnahme von diätischer mikro-RNA 21 erscheint daher aufgrund unserer Datenlage als eher unwahrscheinlich.