jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Passive fault tolerant control strategy using adaptive sliding mode control. Application to diesel engine air path

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The automotive industry faces actually new challenges, due to a more stringent exhaust emissions legislation. Pressure to lower emissions while maintaining or improving other engine performance parameters required, that the intake air properties be better controlled and matched at every engine operating conditions. In this paper we developed a robust sliding mode controller for the diesel engine air path. The proposed controller incorporates an adaptive switching gain which avoids knowing uncertainties bounds caused by model parametric variations or and external disturbances. Stability analysis of the closed loop scheme have been proved using the Lyapunov theory. The proposed controller has been tested on the Jankovic Tubocharged Diesel Engine (TDE) model air path simulations results demonstrates the robustness of the controller facing unmodelled dynamic and actuator fault leakage.
Increased Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus After Transient Global Ischemia in Gerbils

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rodents is regulated by NMDA receptors, adrenal steroids, environmental stimuli, and seizures. To determine whether ischemia affects neurogenesis, newly divided cells in the dentate gyrus were examined after transient global ischemia in adult gerbils. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-monophosphate (BrdU) immunohistochemistry demonstrated a 12-fold increase in cell birth in the dentate subgranular zone 1–2 weeks after 10 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusions. Two minutes of ischemia did not significantly increase BrdU incorporation. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that BrdU immunoreactive cells in the granule cell layer colocalized with neuron-specific markers for neuronal nuclear antigen, microtubule-associated protein-2, and calbindin D 28k , indicating that the newly divided cells migrated from the subgranular zone into the granule cell layer and matured into neurons. Newborn cells with a neuronal phenotype were first seen 26 d after ischemia, survived for at least 7 months, were located only in the granule cell layer, and comprised ∼60% of BrdU-labeled cells in the granule cell layer 6 weeks after ischemia. The increased neurogenesis was not attributable to entorhinal cortical lesions, because no cell loss was detected in this region. Ischemic preconditioning for 2 min, which protects CA1 neurons against subsequent ischemic damage, did not prevent increased neurogenesis in the granule cell layer after a subsequent severe ischemic challenge. Thus, ischemia-induced dentate neurogenesis is not attributable to CA1 neuronal loss. Enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus may be a compensatory adaptive response to ischemia-associated injury and could promote functional recovery after ischemic hippocampal injury.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE USABILITY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A good information system will support the implementation of the tasks and functions of the organization. This systematic review aims to identify and characterize the methods and attributes in usability evaluation and identify measurement techniques in usability evaluation. This systematic review uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The search was carried out using two databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct, by limiting information systems related to health published from 2015 to 2021. Articles that met the criteria were evaluated for methods, attributes, measurement techniques, and usability criteria used. Article quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. The search identified 132 articles. The results of abstract screening and duplication-checking obtained 128 articles. The screening was carried out through a complete review of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained 9 articles that met the criteria. There are five methods used for usability evaluation, namely Think aloud (TA), Heuristic evaluation (HE), System Usability Scale (SUS), User viewpoint, and Cognitive Walkthrough Method. Six problem definitions used in usability evaluation are ISO, Nielsen, user-based, TAUCHI, 19 item usability questions, and successful completion of scenarios. The measurement technique is done by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction are criteria that are always assessed from almost all articles reviewed. The heuristic evaluation method with quantitative measurement techniques using an evaluator in evaluating usability based on scenarios then proceeding with qualitative measurement techniques to deepen problems and provide solutions is the most ideal usability evaluation measurement technique.
Mechanism for cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmia associated with a novel human titin variant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 62-year-old male presented with ventricular arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy and family history of cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Whole exome sequencing of proband and affected and unaffected family members revealed a novel five- nucleotide insertion in exon 193 of the titin (TTN) gene introducing a premature stop codon. TTN is a sarcomeric protein spanning the length of the sarcomere acting as passive tensioner in contraction dynamics. Previous studies have identified TTN variants resulting in expression of truncated titin (TTNtv), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), heart failure (HF), contractile dysfunction, and/or increased risks of ventricular arrythmias [1], [2]. To investigate the pathogenicity of this variant, the same insertion was introduced in the analogous locus in the mouse TTN gene (TTHtv-KI). TTNtv-KI heterozygous crosses yielded no homozygous offspring, suggesting embryonic lethality. Adult (>2mo) TTNtv-KI heterozygous (TTN+/-) and wild type (WT) mice were evaluated at baseline (no interventions) and subjected to a transaortic constriction (TAC) procedure to observe the impact of the heterozygous mutation on the cardiac remodeling response to chronic pressure overload. Animals were for cardiac function in vivo using echocardiograph (ECHO) and surface electrocardiograms (ECG). In vitro isolated ventricular myocytes were immunostained for titin at the C-terminus and N-terminus. Our findings showed compelling evidence that a novel TTN truncating mutation leads to functional cardiac impairment, altered electrophysiological responses, and structural changes in myocytes, contributing to a growing body of literature on the role of TTN in cardiac disease and highlight the importance of early functional assessments in understanding the impact of TTN mutations on heart disease.
Community Resilience of Mining Area and Food Vulnerability in South Kalimantan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coal mining policies and activities in addition to having a positive impact on state income, job creation and business, also have a negative impact on ecosystems and communities in the mining area. The study was conducted in two mining communities in South Kalimantan using an emic and etic approach to explore community resilience and food insecurity due to ecological changes and the impact of mining policies and activities. Coal mining policies and activities in South Kalimantan causes catastrophic floods, land damage, and crop failure on lowland rice fields that have an impact on potential food insecurity at the household and community level. The pattern of community resilience in the two communities is in the form of social movements as a form of social adaptation, and agricultural land recovery and changing agricultural commodities as a form of ecological adaptation. The process of community resilience in the two communities is at the level of recovery towards a stable community condition, not yet at the transformation stage. Community capability is the most influential factor on the degree of community resilience so that the handling of food insecurity based on community resilience needs to be done by developing strategies to increase community capability.
The Search for Certainty: A Pragmatist Critique of Society’s Focus on Biological Childbearing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| July 01 2018 The Search for Certainty: A Pragmatist Critique of Society’s Focus on Biological Childbearing Jamie Ross Jamie Ross Portland State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Pluralist (2018) 13 (2): 96–108. https://doi.org/10.5406/pluralist.13.2.0096 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Jamie Ross; The Search for Certainty: A Pragmatist Critique of Society’s Focus on Biological Childbearing. The Pluralist 1 January 2018; 13 (2): 96–108. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/pluralist.13.2.0096 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressThe Pluralist Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2018 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Childhood and the politics of scale: descaling children's geographies?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The past decade has witnessed a resurgence of interest in the geographies of children's lives, and particularly in engaging the voices and activities of young people in geographical research. Much of this growing body of scholarship is characterized by a very parochial locus of interest — the neighbourhood, playground, shopping mall or journey to school. In this paper I explore some of the roots of children's geographies' preoccupation with the micro-scale and argue that it limits the relevance of research, both politically and to other areas of geography. In order to widen the scope of children's geographies, some scholars have engaged with developments in the theorization of scale. I present these arguments but also point to their limitations. As an alternative, I propose that the notion of a flat ontology might help overcome some difficulties around scalar thinking, and provide a useful means of conceptualizing sociospatiality in material and non-hierarchical terms. Bringing together flat ontology and work in children's geographies on embodied subjectivity, I argue that it is important to examine the nature and limits of children's spaces of perception and action. While these spaces are not simply `local', they seldom afford children opportunities to comment on, or intervene in, the events, processes and decisions that shape their own lives. The implications for the substance and method of children's geographies and for geographical work on scale are considered.
Uniformity Correction of CMOS Image Sensor Modules for Machine Vision Cameras

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flat-field correction (FFC) is commonly used in image signal processing (ISP) to improve the uniformity of image sensor pixels. Image sensor nonuniformity and lens system characteristics have been known to be temperature-dependent. Some machine vision applications, such as visual odometry and single-pixel airborne object tracking, are extremely sensitive to pixel-to-pixel sensitivity variations. Numerous cameras, especially in the fields of infrared imaging and staring cameras, use multiple calibration images to correct for nonuniformities. This paper characterizes the temperature and analog gain dependence of the dark signal nonuniformity (DSNU) and photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU) of two contemporary global shutter CMOS image sensors for machine vision applications. An optimized hardware architecture is proposed to compensate for nonuniformities, with optional parametric lens shading correction (LSC). Three different performance configurations are outlined for different application areas, costs, and power requirements. For most commercial applications, the correction of LSC suffices. For both DSNU and PRNU, compensation with one or multiple calibration images, captured at different gain and temperature settings are considered. For more demanding applications, the effectiveness, external memory bandwidth, power consumption, implementation, and calibration complexity, as well as the camera manufacturability of different nonuniformity correction approaches were compared.
Some biogeochemical features of soils in steppe specially protected natural areas (Samara Region, Russia)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper considers the features of arsenic (As) accumulation in the steppe soils of the Samara region (Russia) and its four specially protected natural areas. It has been established that As is one of the most toxic elements and belongs to the first hazard class. The work uses quantitative indicators of As content in the upper humus horizon of steppe soils of the Samara region (in the period from 1991 to 2005). The data on the accumulation and distribution of As in virgin soils of the studied protected areas, obtained in 2023, are analyzed. A relatively high level of As content in the studied soils has been established. The reasons for the active accumulation of As in virgin soils of the steppes are substantiated. It is suggested that the increased content of As in the humus horizon of soils may affect the phytodiversity of virgin steppes.
Effect of Defect Width upon Burst Capacity of Composite Repaired Pipe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In recent years, FRP composite wrap repair is the most preferable pipeline rehabilitation system used in the pipeline industry. However, some issues concerning this repair method are not fully understood by the industry. Effect of defect geometries toward the efficiency of composite repaired pipe is one of the issues that concerned by the industry. Pipeline repair design codes and standards have been developed mainly focus on the defect depth and neglect other defect geometries such as defect length and defect width. Previous studies stated that defect geometries especially defect width should not be ignored in evaluating and designing pipe repair system. Therefore, the burst pressure of the composite repaired pipeline subjected to various defect widths was determined through this study in order to evaluate the effect of defect width upon the burst capacity of composite repaired pipeline. Finite element analysis was used to determine the burst capacity of the composite repaired pipe with rectangular shape of defect. There are three different widths were selected with constant defect length and depth. The base model of composite repaired pipe was developed and validated and then modified with the various defect widths in this study. The result shows that burst pressure for three different models vary with a percentage of 12.51% between the maximum burst pressure and minimum burst pressure. The stress contour plot extracted from the finite element analysis revealed that the area of highest stress (557.7MPa) is located around defect region. As the defect is getting wider and subsequently creating a bigger defect area, stress concentration is also getting larger at the defect region. With this, the composite repaired pipe tends to fail at lower pressure when the defect getting wider. Based on the results, the defect width is proven to affect the burst capacity of composite repaired pipe.
Effects of Inhaled Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA) on Lung Functions in Adult Stable Bronchiectasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent airway dilatation. Patients suffer from daily cough, breathlessness and exacerbation resulting in poor quality of life. Although inhaled LAMA was widely accepted in COPD in improving FEV1, its effects in bronchiectasis patients have not been studied. Methods: All symptomatic bronchiectasis diagnosed by computed tomography were enrolled. Patients who had exacerbation or change of medication in the previous 4 weeks were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive inhaled tiotropium bromide (Spiriva®) or placebo. Pulmonary functions and hyperinflation were assessed by body phletysmograph at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was FEV1 change at 12th weeks. Other outcomes included residual volume (RV), SGRQ score, six minute walk distance, and adverse events. Results: Total of 27 bronchiectasis patients were enrolled which 80% were female with and mean age was 61.4±8.9 years. Spirometry patterns were normal (33%), obstructive (30%), mixed obstructive-restrictive (30%), and restrictive (7%). Increased RV/TLC ratio was observed in all cases. At 12th weeks, pre-bronchodilator FEV1 was improved in tiotropium group (70 ml, p = 0.009). Interestingly, RV was significantly reduced in patients receiving tiotropium compared with placebo (-70 ml vs +180 ml, p = 0.021). FEV1 improvement was more obvious in patients with obstructive defect compared with placebo (160 ml, 20 ml, p=0.027). No major adverse event was reported. Conclusion: Inhaled long acting muscarinic antagonist might be beneficial in symptomatic bronchiectasis, mainly by reduction of hyperinflation.
F4‐04‐03: INVESTIGATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE CLASS EFFECTS ON DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE DECLINE: A COLLABORATIVE META‐ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANT DATA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent focus on vascular risk factors and on re-purposing existing medication has led to a renewed interest in antihypertensive drug classes for the protection of cognition. Multiple meta-analyses have used published data to explore this area with the inevitable limitations regarding lack of standardization for exposure, age, follow-up and endpoints and consequently reported varying results. Our aim was to examine the role of antihypertensive class on cognition using harmonized data from multiple individual datasets allowing standardization and more informative pooling of effect sizes. Systematic review methodology was used to identify eligible studies with longitudinal follow-up, cognitive outcomes and antihypertensive class data. For meta-analyses; follow-up was standardized at greater than 1 or greater than five years, age was categorized as over 65 years or 65 and younger, and presence of each drug class required a minimum 12 months exposure. Antihypertensive classes were defined as Calcium Channel Blockers(CCB), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors(ACE-I), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers(ARB), Beta Blockers(BB) and diuretics. Each class was compared to no treatment and to treatment with other antihypertensives. Secondary analyses compared any antihypertensive treatment (all classes) with no treatment. Twenty seven studies with 44,490 participants were included from Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. In those aged over 65, there were no relationships between antihypertensive class and incident cognitive decline or dementia for CCB, ARB, ACE-I or BB for >1 or >5 year follow-up and compared to no treatment or to other antihypertensive treatment. Diuretic use was associated with a 17% reduction in risk of dementia compared to no treatment (95%CI 28%:4%) in those with >1 year follow-up and a 31% reduction (49%:8%) in risk of cognitive decline compared to other antihypertensive classes for >5 year follow-up. There were too few data in the younger age group to allow conclusions. In secondary analyses antihypertensive treatment overall was associated with a 35% (49%:18%) reduction in risk of dementia with >5 year follow-up in clinical trial populations. There is some evidence to support blood pressure lowering but no clear evidence to support the selection of particular antihypertensive classes for cognitive outcomes.
Addressing the barriers to translating genetic sequencing into a clinical oncology setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The molecular diagnostics of cancer are being transformed globally by the adoption of affordable high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to identify a patient’s genetic changes that can be matched to targeted therapies. However, many of the laboratories that have adopted these technologies do not have adequate capabilities in the key dimensions of clinical HTS diagnostics. Laboratories do not have the trained staff with the capabilities for analysis and do not have adequate software to tackle the bioinformatic pipelines, curation, and clinical informatics, which are essential for the maintenance of a robust, clinically defensible HTS assay. The clinicians who rely on results from laboratories that use HTS must be aware of the many limitations of these technologies, which can affect their patients’ outcomes profoundly. The pace of development of software in cancer diagnostics has not matched that of HTS hardware. \nThis research addresses this software gap in the capabilities of HTS diagnostics. This is achieved by designing, developing and deploying a range of software that can be used in a HTS pathology laboratory. Additionally the software can be used by clinical trials and large research projects requiring volume HTS in a clinical setting. The software developed through this translational research covers three broad areas; 1) the bioinformatic pipelines that process the sequencing data, 2) the testing of these pipelines and 3) the analysis and reporting of processed sequencing data. This thesis describes three systems within these areas. Firstly, Canary [1] is an integrated single command pipeline that performs multiple tasks in a single Java executable file. Secondly, PipeCleaner is a pipeline testing framework incorporating the ability to generate synthetic data and write pipeline tests in a domain specific language. Finally, PathOS[2] is a web based application allowing laboratory scientists to filter, analyse, curate and report on patient variants in high volumes. \n \n \nBoth PathOS and Canary have been deployed into a large cancer hospital pathology laboratory and are under active development. Additionally, PathOS, and the associated tools developed with it, are being actively used by the wider research community. \n \n \nThe volume of molecular diagnostic testing in cancer has expanded from single exon and single gene assays into progressively larger panels of hundreds of genes and whole exome and genome assays. The introduction of ctDNA assays into clinical use, further allows a patient to be readily tested multiple times during their health care encounter. On the horizon, single cell sequencing may offer deeper diagnostic insights into a patient’s disease. To deal with these increasing volumes of assays and data, robust, high quality software will be needed to scale the laboratory capacity for the future.
Fasting motor activity occurs during a day of normal meals in healthy subjects.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using a radiotelemetric technique of pressure recording which did not interfere with normal feeding, jejunal motor activity was recorded in seven healthy human subjects, who were given three hospital meals during the course of a day, and allowed ad libitum supplementary snacks. Fasting motor activity was detected during the day in five subjects, and, although its occurrence was very variable, tended to occur shortly before the next meal.