jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Discussion of the Internationalization of Chinese Brand Development Strategy under the Background of Economic Globalization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

More and more Chinese enterprises start to participate in international competition in the background of economic globalization.For Chinese enterprises,it only has a large number of domestic and foreign markets have influence on the brand products in the future,it can be win in the international competition in the initiative.This article mainly discusses the connotation and characteristics of the economic globalization is analyzed,and expounds the main problems faced by the international brand,and puts forward the economic globalization brand development strategy in China.
Preparation, Characteristics, and Controlled Release Efficiency of the Novel PCL-PEG/EM Rod Micelles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to achieve sustained and controlled release of the hydrophobic cargoes, improve the bioavailability, and reduce the side effects of antibiotics, the model drug erythromycin (EM) was used to prepare polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG)/EM micelles. PCL-PEG, a biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic polymer, was used as carrier material of micelles to optimize the formulation and preparation process by orthogonal design. The morphology, stability, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency and the in vitro release behavior of the micelles were investigated. In addition, activity assays of anti-Staphylococcus aureus were performed. The results indicated that PCL-PEG/EM were rod-like micelles with an average particle size of 220 ± 2.6 nm and a zeta potential of +19 mV. The average drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were approximately 6.5% and 97.0%, respectively. The micelles were stable in the serum within three days. At the effective concentration of the drug, the formulation indicated no apparent toxicity to the cells. The micelles were able to rapidly enter Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and to provide sustained release cargoes that effectively inhibited S. aureus proliferation. The present study provided a new platform for the rational and effective use of hydrophobic antibiotics to treat infections.
Leveraging human–mouse studies to advance the genetics of hearing impairment in Africa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mouse models are used extensively to understand human pathobiology and mechanistic functions of disease‐associated loci. However, in this review, we investigate the potential of using genetic mouse models to identify genetic markers that can disrupt hearing thresholds in mice and then target the hearing‐enriched orthologues and loci in humans. Currently, little is known about the real prevalence of genes that cause hearing impairment (HI) in Africa. Pre‐screening mouse cell lines to identify orthologues of interest has the potential to improve the genetic diagnosis for HI in Africa to a significant percentage, for example, 10–20%. Furthermore, the functionality of a candidate gene derived from mouse screening with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds and multi‐omic approaches can shed light on the molecular, genetic heterogeneity and plausible mode of inheritance of a gene in hearing‐impaired individuals especially in the absence of large families to investigate.
Reviewer #1 (Public Review): Dynamics of transcriptional programs and chromatin accessibility in mouse spermatogonial cells from early postnatal to adult life

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In mammals, spermatogonial cells (SCs) are undifferentiated male germ cells in testis quiescent until birth that self-renew and differentiate to produce spermatogenic cells and functional sperm across life. The transcriptome of SCs is highly dynamic and timely regulated during postnatal development. We examined if such dynamics involves changes in chromatin organization by profiling the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in SCs from early postnatal stages to adulthood in mice using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. By integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic features, we show that SCs undergo massive chromatin remodeling during postnatal development that correlates with distinct gene expression profiles and transcription factors (TF) motif enrichment. We identify genomic regions with significantly different chromatin accessibility in adult SCs that are marked by histone modifications associated with enhancers and promoters. Some of the regions with increased accessibility correspond to transposable element subtypes enriched in multiple TFs motifs and close to differentially expressed genes. Our results underscore the dynamics of chromatin organization in developing germ cells and the involvement of the regulatory genome.
Relation of Insulin Release to Cyclic AMP Content in Rat Pancreatic Islets Maintained in Tissue Culture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to elucidate the role of adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in the decreased glucose-induced insulin release observed in cultured pancreatic islets. Freshly coUagenase-isolated rat islets and islets that had been maintained in tissue culture medium for two to 140 hours (six days) were incubated for one hour with 3H-2-adenine, and insulin release and islet 3H-cAMP accumulation were measured in subsequent short-term (3 to 60 minutes) incubations. There was a progressive decrease in the stimulatory effect of 20 mM glucose on insulin release in islets that had been cultured for 2, 4, and 20 hours, and, after 20 to 140 hours of culture, glucoseinduced insulin release was about one-third that in freshly isolated islets. Similarly, 20 mM glucose stimulated a threefold increase in 3H-cAMP content in fresh islets, but did not increase 3H-cAMP in islets cultured for four to 140 hours. Basal insulin release and islet 3H-cAMP levels were two- to threefold higher in islets cultured for 44 hours in 16.7 mM glucose rather than in 5.6 mM glucose. However, the sensitivity and capacity of glucose-induced insulin release were less in islets cultured in medium with either 5.6 or 16.7 mM glucose than in freshly isolated islets, and glucose did not further increase islet 3H-cAMP levels in the cultured islets. By contrast, 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX, 1 mM) increased insulin release and 3H-cAMP content in both fresh and cultured islets. Glucagon (10 μM) increased insulin release and 3H-cAMP content in cultured islets better than in fresh islets; and glucagon (10 μM) plus IBMX (1 mM) increased insulin release and islet 3H-cAMP content similarly in fresh and cultured islets. It is concluded that there is rapid and, apparently, selective loss in the short-term action of glucose to increase the cAMP content in islets maintained in vitro, and this may account for the impaired insulin-releasing action of glucose observed in cultured islets.
Mathematical modeling of immunological parameters for the prediction and diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases among health care workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article presents a mathematical method of interpretation of immunological parameters of blood. The study used a comprehensive evaluation of the possibility of disease development, not only on the basis of qualitative data, directly gender-related characteristics and professional activities (occupation, profile, department, work with the equipment), but also quantitative data - age, work experience, immunological indicators of the level of immune protection of the subject. The analysis of multidimensional data allowed to identifying immunological symptoms as predictors of chronic non-communicable diseases. The risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases among the health care workers is the largest extent dependent on exposure to occupational factors. The proposed method is the mathematical interpretation of immunological indices of blood, it allowed to reveal immunological symptoms as predictors of chronic non-communicable diseases. The immunologВЕСТНИК НОВЫХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ – 2015 – N 4 Электронный журнал Библиографическая ссылка: Т.А. Ермолина, А.В. Шишова, К.К. Рогалев, Н.А. Мартынова, Л.А. Басова, Г.Г. Родионов Математическое модели- рование иммунологических показателей для прогнозирования и диагностики хронических неинфекционных заболе- ваний у медицинских работников // Вестник новых медицинских технологий. Электронное издание. 2015. №4. Пуб- ликация 1-1. URL: http://www.medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/E2015-4/5221.pdf (дата обращения: 27.11.2015). DOI: 10.12737/16163 ical detection of the symptom of a health worker at the health screening can be considered as a possible predisposition or the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases and the subsequent development of complex diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The health assessment can be carried out not at the stage of identifying already clinically developed chronic non-communicable diseases, and at the initial stage of the disease. This approach is feasible due to the fact that the initial reversible disorders. Complex timely preventive and therapeutic measures can prevent the development of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Citizens as Actors in the Development Field: The Case of an Accidental Aid-Agent’s Activities in Aid-Land

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores a so far little researched aspect of the Norwegian development aid – the privatised, personalised aid giving. Elsewhere in Europe, researchers have explored this phenomenon, which they refer to as citizen initiatives (CIs) for global solidarity [Pollet, I., R. Habraken, L. Schulpen and H. Huyse, 2014, The Accidental Aid Worker: A Mapping of Citizen Initiatives for Global Solidarity in Europe, Nijmegen: KU Leuven/HIVA and CIDIN]. This phenomenon coincides with a generalised crisis in the established state-sponsored international aid industry reflecting the extended financial crisis. Against the background of a first exploratory mapping of CIs in Norway, we discuss what we have termed the accidental aid agent and his journey into aid-land. Through the presentation of the case of a Norwegian accidental aid agent in Africa, we discuss how agency and power is played out in terms of the aid agents' activities in an African context as well as in Norway.
Meter-Scale Laboratory Earthquakes Triggered by Fluid Injection and the Role of Background Stress in Mediating Runaway Ruptures

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: I present large-scale laboratory experiments where water is injected directly into a stressed fault that is a saw-cut interface in a slab of granite (3 m by 1.5 m and 300 mm thick) in an attempt to examine the earthquake energy budget. The laboratory fault is subjected to 2-10 MPa stress levels, and exhibits slow and aseismic slip within a localized "nucleation zone" prior to rapid dynamic fault rupture. Slow slip associated with the nucleation of dynamic rupture is observed both for cases where water is injected onto the fault and where slip initiates spontaneously due to the external application of shear stress. The 3-m-long sample is long enough that ruptures sometimes arrest within the sample. So, using arrays of sensors, we study the conditions required for rupture arrest, a crucial element in determining whether an earthquake rupture will grow into a large, devastating event, or will remain small and harmless. The rupture can be modeled as a shear crack, and we employ fracture mechanics to explain rupture arrest. Our experiments demonstrate that the initial shear stress plays an important role in an earthquake's size. Another key unknown in earthquake mechanics is the shear fracture energy required to advance rupture. In the lab, we can measure values in the range of 1-10 J/m^2, but it is unclear if shear fracture energy, or, similarly, breakdown work, increases with the rupture size as it propagates into an increasingly rough fault surface. Answering such a scaling question is key to understanding the earthquake energy budget, a major impediment in our ability to accurately model and predict earthquakes.
Political Television Advertising in Campaign 2000

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most studies of political advertising focus on presidential television spots. However, far more commercials are broadcast for other races. This study applies the functional theory of political campaign discourse to 584 television spots from presidential, gubernatorial, senatorial, house, and local races in the 2000 election. The most common functions were acclaims (67%) followed by attacks (32%) and defenses (1%). When non-presidential ads are examined, incumbents acclaimed more and attacked less than challengers. Party-sponsored ads employed more attacks than ads sponsored by the candidates. These messages emphasized policy more than character (62% against 38%). Democratic candidates discussed policy more than Republicans. Presidential and gubernatorial ads (executive offices) discussed policy more than ads for other offices.
Hidden Lives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hidden Lives explores ideas of the house as the repository of memories, and of women as the curators of memory and of hidden histories. The daily repetition of domestic routine tasks is common to women, in particular, across centuries, societies and cultures. Through carrying out this invisible work women have shaped and sorted cupboards, rooms, all manner of dwelling places, and the inner lives of societies and cosmologies. At particular times they have been, at once, confined to the inside the house to carry out unrecognised and exhausting domestic servitude and at the same time able to colonise the ‘inside’ as their own, the place for daydreams and memories. \n \nAll the material for this piece is drawn from a selection of women reading from “The Book of Hints and Wrinkles” a small piece of social history from the 1930s which describes how women should manage both their houses and themselves in no uncertain terms. The daily routine timetable is enough to ensure that no woman could ever spend much time outside the house or away from this backbreaking schedule, and advice on personal appearance is delivered in such a way as to suggest that women are in fact part of the furnishing of the house to be polished, scrubbed and generally to look clean, welcoming and attractive. \n \n‘Hidden Lives’ is one of a series of tape works which explore the compositional use of space and gesture as a metaphor for physical and emotional experiences. It attempts to use the distribution, movement and gesture of sound in space in order to emphasise and highlight the possible associative qualities of the recorded material according to personal experience. \n \nSome of the specific ideas that inform the composition of ‘Hidden Lives’ are in the treatment of the text which moves from the whispers and breaths of memory to half articulated emergent sentences to the mantra of the repetitive routine which becomes like a wall of orders and commands. \n \nThe piece was commissioned by the Institut International de Musique Electroacoustique and realised in their studio in Bourges, France. \n \n‘Hidden Lives’ is in celebration of all lives lived and forgotten .
Fisrt edition of an &#8220;Ocean Readings Prize, a better knowledge for a better preservation&#8221;.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like the Goncourt for high school students, the aim is to have a book prize awarded by pupils on the theme of the environment and more particularly the Ocean.The objectives of this project are: - Get pupils to read / awaken the pleasure of reading in pupils - Provide knowledge on ocean ecosystems, in partnership with Nausicaa, the largest aquarium in Europe located in Boulogne Sur Mer.- Create a link between coll&#232;ge and lyc&#233;e (key stage 4 and 5 pupils)- Develop oral skills by arguing choices (when choosing the winner of the prize) and presenting their final work in Nausicaa.The books (one manga, one novel, one graphic novel, one graphic documentary and one comic) were selected last June by the instigators of the project.&#160;Set up :A call for proposals was launched in June 2023 to secondary schools (coll&#232;ges and lyc&#233;es, key stage 4 and 5 pupils) in Boulogne sur Mer and the surrounding area. Thirteen colleagues from five different schools responded favorably (in total the project gathers 190 pupils).Pupils from these schools work on these readings all along the school year. Various activities are carried out with their librarian teachers, science and French teachers.Examples of activities carried out at the Branly high school are: cards game to discover the books, reading sheets, &#8220;speed reading&#8221;, and the production of a &#8220;bestiary&#8221; around the animals found in the books as final task.At the same time, all these classes regularly visit Nausicaa during the school year, which is an occasion to supplement the knowledge provided by the readings, and to enrich the final works.A coll&#232;ge-lyc&#233;e meeting is planned for next April. On this occasion, pupils will present their final work and discuss about the readings to elect the winner of the prize.The high point of the project will be on World Oceans Day (7th of june) in Nausicaa.The winning author of the prize will be invited, as well as all the students who participated in the project. This day will be an opportunity to highlight work carried out during the year and to meet the prize-winning author.&#160;
Patterns of Pathological Progression in Parkinson's Disease Revealed Through Cytoarchitectonic Mapping of Brain MRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The rapid upturn in global prevalence of Parkinson’s disease has led to increased interest in understanding the etiology, progression, and treatment of this neurodegenerative disease. Despite extensive study, a particular lack of understanding remains with respect to patterns of disease progression. The prevailing theory, first proposed by Braak, suggests that pathological misfolded α-synuclein protein spreads throughout the brain in an ascending manner beginning in deep brain structures and ending in the neocortex. Braak’s original study, conducted in post-mortem human tissue, is supported by in-vivo animal, ex-vivo human, and in-vitro studies with less supporting evidence emerging from in-vivo human studies. This dissertation, after reviewing the current state of the Parkinson’s progression literature, will evaluate Braak’s hypothesis by recreating elements of the original experiment in-vivo using human MRI. Here, we present a series of studies utilizing a technique for measuring regional grey matter integrity in-vivo through probabilistic cytoarchitectonic mapping of structural brain MRI processed with voxel-based morphometry. By measuring regional grey matter density with probabilistic brain masks created through histological analysis of post-mortem tissue, we expect the results of the forthcoming studies to represent a more faithful replication of Braak’s original work than has previously been attempted. The studies to follow will reveal that cytoarchitectonic mapping of grey matter density is a reliable and reproducible technique sensitive to changes in neurodegenerative disease which occur over very short intervals. We will further demonstrate that loss of grey matter density in Parkinson’s disease 1) follows an ascending pattern, 2) is negatively associated with duration of disease, and 3) is greater in subcortical than cortical brain regions over time when measured from diagnostic baseline. Additionally, we will propose clinical relevance for grey matter density of the basal forebrain in predicting psychosis and wider cognitive function. As a whole, this dissertation is an important piece of in-vivo support for organized, ascending pathological progression in Parkinson’s disease.
Abstract WP154: Estrogen Modulates Serotonin-induced Vasoconstriction Through Tyrisine Kinase Inhibition

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Earlier onset of menopause may influence the risk of stroke. However, hormone therapy, estrogen, alone or with a progestogen, increases stroke risk. Thus, it is needed to clarify whether estrogens prevent or promote vasomotor symptoms, as well as the mechanism(s) involved. Recent study showed that serotonin enhancing drugs, including antidepressants, migraine therapies and diet pills, can trigger a stroke via vasoconstriction. In this study, we examined the modulatory mechanisms of estrogen in serotonin -induced vasoconstriction by using a combinatory approach of isometric tension measurements, molecular biology, and patch-clamp techniques. 17β-estradiol (E2) elicited a significant and concentration-dependent relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction in deendothelialized aorta strips isolated from male rats. E2 triggered a relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction even in the presence of tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, suggesting that E2-induced changes were not mediated by estrogen receptor. Patch clamp studies in rat arterial myocytes showed that E2 prevented Kv channel inhibition induced by serotonin. Serotonin increased Src activation in arterial smooth muscle required for contraction, which is significantly inhibited by E2. The estrogen receptor-independent inhibition of Src by E2 was confirmed in HEK239T cells that do not express estrogen receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that estrogen exerted vasodilatory effects on serotonin-precontracted artery via Src, implying a critical role of estrogen in prevention of vascular hyperreactivity to serotonin.
Solubilization and Reconstitution of the Calcium Release Channel of Skeletal Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fragmented heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum was solubilized by cholate, and proteins were subsequently fractionated by using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE-cellulose) column chromatography. A fraction was collected in which proteins with molecular weights between 31,000 and 45,000 u were major components. This fraction, when incorporated into Ca2+ -loaded liposomes, facilitated the Ca2+ efflux. The rate of efflux was regulated by the external Ca2+ concentration, reaching a maximum at 3 microM Ca2+. The Ca2+ efflux was suppressed by Mg2+.
Multi-Task Equation Discovery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Equation discovery provides a grey-box approach to system identification by uncovering governing dynamics directly from observed data. However, a persistent challenge lies in ensuring that identified models generalise across operating conditions rather than over-fitting to specific datasets. This work investigates this issue by applying a Bayesian relevance vector machine (RVM) within a multi-task learning (MTL) framework for simultaneous parameter identification across multiple datasets. In this formulation, responses from the same structure under different excitation levels are treated as related tasks that share model parameters but retain task-specific noise characteristics. A simulated single degree-of-freedom oscillator with linear and cubic stiffness provided the case study, with datasets generated under three excitation regimes. Standard single-task RVM models were able to reproduce system responses but often failed to recover the true governing terms when excitations insufficiently stimulated non-linear dynamics. By contrast, the MTL-RVM combined information across tasks, improving parameter recovery for weakly and moderately excited datasets, while maintaining strong performance under high excitation. These findings demonstrate that multi-task Bayesian inference can mitigate over-fitting and promote generalisation in equation discovery. The approach is particularly relevant to structural health monitoring, where varying load conditions reveal complementary aspects of system physics.