jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Accurate predictors for acute diverticulitis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a relatively high percentage of patients with a clinically suspected diverticulitis a different diagnosis is established after imaging tests, such as 'appendicitis' or 'intestinal obstruction'. The clinical diagnosis 'acute diverticulitis' is correct for between 43% and 68% of suspected patients. Strongly predictive variables for the diagnosis are tenderness in the left lower abdomen only, CRP > 50 mg/l and absence of vomiting. This triad has a positive predictive value of 97% (95% CI: 83-99) for the final diagnosis 'diverticulitis'. The negative predictive value is much lower, namely 47%: the absence of 1 of the 3 factors does not (sufficiently) exclude 'diverticulitis'. This triad can be an easy-to-use decision rule to rule in diverticulitis.
GROMOS 53A6GLYC, an Improved GROMOS Force Field for Hexopyranose-Based Carbohydrates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An improved parameter set for explicit-solvent simulations of carbohydrates (referred to as GROMOS 53A6GLYC) is presented, allowing proper description of the most stable conformation of all 16 possible aldohexopyranose-based monosaccharides. This set includes refinement of torsional potential parameters associated with the determination of hexopyranose rings conformation by fitting to their corresponding quantum-mechanical profiles. Other parameters, as the rules for third and excluded neighbors, are taken directly from the GROMOS 53A6 force field. Comparisons of the herein presented parameter set to our previous version (GROMOS 45A4), the GLYCAM06 force field, and available NMR data are presented in terms of ring puckering free energies, conformational distribution of the hydroxymethyl group, and glycosidic linkage geometries for 16 selected monosaccharides and eight disaccharides. The proposed parameter modifications have shown a significant improvement for the above-mentioned quantities over the two tested force fields, while retaining full compatibility with the GROMOS 53A6 and 54A7 parameter sets for other classes of biomolecules.
Political parties and the European Parliament

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This introduction to the politics of the European Union uses the lens of comparative politics to explore the history, theories, institutions, key participants, policies and policy making of the EU. The comparative approach enables students to use their knowledge of domestic politics and broader debates in political science to better understand the EU. Numerous real-world examples guide students through the material, and chapter briefings, fact files and controversy boxes highlight important information and controversial issues in EU politics to widen and deepen student understanding. The second edition has been updated throughout to reflect the results of the 2014 European elections, and new material has been added on the Economic and Monetary Union and the Common Foreign and Security Policy. A companion website features free 'Navigating the EU' exercises to guide students in their analysis of EU policy making.
Turbulent boundary layer over solid and porous surfaces with small roughness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experimental studies were conducted to obtain direct measurements of skin friction, mean velocity profiles, axial and normal turbulence intensity profiles, and Reynolds stress profiles in the boundary layer on a large diameter, axisymmetric body with a smooth, solid surface; a sandpaper-roughened, solid surface; a sintered metal, porous surface; a"smooth", perforated titanium surface, a solid, rough Dynapore surface made of diffusion-bonded screening, and a porous, rough Dynapore surface. The roughness values were in the low range (k⁺ = 5-7) just above what is normally considered"hydraulically smooth. 11 Measurements were taken at several axial locations and two different freestream velocities corresponding to dynamic pressures of 12.7 and 17.8 cm. of H₂O, which gives a Re<sub>𝓁</sub> range of 2.93 x 10⁶ to 3.38 x 10⁶. For the Law of the Wall, Defect Law, and the turbulence quantities, very good agreement was found between the present results and those from well-established studies for a solid, smooth surface. The sandpaper-roughened, solid wall and solid, rough Dynapore wall tests showed a 20%~30% increment in local skin friction and a slight shift in the log region of the Wall Law, as well as an increase in turbulence quantities over the smooth wall results. These results were in accord with the classical results collected by Clauser for rough, solid surfaces in this range. The effect of porosity can be shown by comparing the sintered metal, porous wall results to the sand-roughened, solid wall results. Although there is a difference in roughness patterns for these two cases, the average k⁺ is in the same range of 5 ~ 7. To check the effect of porosity directly without any interference of different surface roughness patterns, one can compare the results between the 11 smooth 11 perforated titanium wall and the solid, smooth wall, or between the porous Dynapore and solid Dynapore walls. The effect of porosity showed a 30%~40% increment in local skin friction and a marked downward shift of the logarithmic portion of the Wall Law, as well as an increase in turbulence quantities over the smooth wall results. The combined effects of small roughness and porosity could be seen by comparing the results between the sintered metal, porous wall and the smooth, solid wall, or between the porous Dynapore wall and the smooth, solid wall. It was observed that the combined effects of small roughness and porosity are roughly additive. The effect of porosity due to the existence of the penetration of turbulence through the porous surfaces was detected experimentally by a hot-wire underneath the porous walls. All these results demonstrate that a rough, porous wall simply does not influence the boundary layer in the same way as a solid, rough wall. Therefore, turbulent boundary layer models with injection or suction must include both surface roughness and porosity effects.
Why Is There No Labor Movement in the United States?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective conditions requisite for a labor movement revival are palpable: more poverty, more income inequality, more families without health insurance, more retirees without adequate pensions, not to mention the recent near-collapse of global finance. Despite conditions so ripe for unionism, the labor movement barely holds its own. Why? And what can be done about it? Does the future lie in a “transformative” (i.e., revolutionary) anticapitalist class struggle? Or does it lie closer to the roots of the current social democratic contractualism of the mainstream labor movement? Two recent books provide an opportunity for Michael Merrill to explore these questions.
Geometric vulnerability of democratic institutions against lobbying: A sociophysics approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An alternative voting scheme is proposed to fill the democratic gap between a pre-sident elected democratically via universal suffrage (deterministic outcome, the actual majority decides), and a president elected by one person randomly selected from the population (probabilistic outcome depending on respective supports). Indeed, moving from one voting agent to a group of [Formula: see text] randomly selected voting agents reduces the probabilistic character of the outcome. Accordingly, building [Formula: see text] such groups, each one electing its president (elementary bricks), to constitute a group of the groups with the [Formula: see text] local presidents electing a higher-level president, does reduce further the outcome probabilistic aspect. The process is then repeated [Formula: see text] times to reach a bottom-up pyramidal structure with [Formula: see text] levels, [Formula: see text] elementary bricks at the bottom and a president at the top. Agents at the bottom are randomly selected but higher-level presidents are all designated according to the respective local majorities within the groups which elect them. At the top of the hierarchy the president is still elected with a probability but the distance from a deterministic outcome reduces quickly with increasing [Formula: see text]. At a critical value [Formula: see text] the outcome turns deterministic recovering the same result a universal suffrage would yield. This alternative hierarchical scheme introduces several social advantages like the distribution of local power to the competing minority, which thus makes the structure more resilient, yet preserving the presidency allocation to the actual majority. It also produces an area around 50% for which the president is elected with an almost-equiprobability slightly biased in favor of the actual majority. However, our results reveal the existence of a severe geometric vulnerability to lobbying. It is shown that a tiny lobbying group is able to kill the democratic balance by seizing the presidency democratically. It is sufficient to complete a correlated distribution of a few agents at the hierarchy bottom. Moreover, at the present stage, identifying an actual killing distribution is not feasible, which sheds a disturbing light on the devastating effect geometric lobbying can have on democratic hierarchical institutions.
Processes that remove calcium from the cytoplasm during excitation‐contraction coupling in intact rat heart cells.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The processes that remove Ca2+ rapidly from the cytoplasm were studied in isolated rat ventricular myocytes subjected to whole‐cell voltage clamp and internal perfusion with the Ca2+ indicator, indo‐1. Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange was eliminated in most experiments by removing Na+ both internally and externally. 2. When the Ca(2+)‐pumping ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was inhibited with cyclopiazonic acid and ryanodine interfered with the release of Ca2+ from the SR, [Ca2+]i transients rose slowly and declined extremely slowly. We concluded that transport of Ca2+ by mitochondria and the surface membrane Ca(2+)‐pumping ATPase would be negligible over the time course of a single [Ca2+]i transient. 3. The influence of cytoplasmic Ca2+ ligands was characterized by internal perfusion with high concentrations of diffusible Ca2+ ligands (indo‐1) or by superfusion with the membrane‐permeant Ca2+ ligand, BAPTA AM. As the concentration of indo‐1 in the cell increased from < 0.1 mM to at least 0.5 mM, the time constant of the decline of [Ca2+]i increased from about 0.15 s to nearly 3 s. 4. Calcium bound to endogenous Ca2+ ligands during depolarizing clamp pulses was characterized quantitatively as the difference between the total Ca2+ entering the cell via L‐type Ca2+ channels and [Ca2+]i, in experiments in which SR function had been abolished. As total calcium increased during the entry of Ca2+, total calcium was found to agree reasonably well with that predicted by assuming that Ca2+ could bind to endogenous intracellular Ca2+ ligands and to indo‐1. 5. The results indicate that, in the absence of Na+, the major factors determining the removal of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ are the Ca(2+)‐pumping ATPase of the SR and the binding of Ca2+ to endogenous and exogenous Ca2+ ligands. 6. Several hypothetical ‘Ca2+ removal functions’ were fitted to the declining phase of [Ca2+]i transients. The best fit was one in which the flux of Ca2+ through the SR Ca(2+)‐pumping ATPase was described by a Michaelis‐Menten‐type equation. The decline of the [Ca2+]i transient was thus described by a linear, first‐order differential equation having terms giving the rate of Ca2+ transport by the SR Ca(2+)‐pumping ATPase (Vmax and KM), the rates of complexation of Ca2+ with the various Ca2+ ligands (L), and a leak of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm from the SR (FSR,leak).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Comparative Analysis of Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithms in Predicting Public Interest in Electric Motorcycles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Concerns about global warming and the need for sustainable transport solutions have led to the emergence of electric vehicles as an alternative to conventional vehicles. These vehicles offer cleaner and more efficient transportation, especially in urban areas. However, high costs in some countries, such as Indonesia, hinder their adoption. Electric motorcycle companies use previously recorded data to predict customer interest in purchasing their products. Based on these forecasts, business owners make decisions about the quantity of goods to supply. Researchers are increasingly using machine learning algorithms to study consumer behavior and predict demand for a variety of products, including electric motorcycles. The researchers have used this data-based method to analyze large amounts of consumer data, including online survey responses and reviews, as well as other sources. The study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the performance of the Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors algorithms to predict public interest in electric motorcycles in Labuhanbatu district. We will perform a comparative analysis based on the performance evaluation matrix (accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 score) to determine the most suitable algorithm. The phases of the research methods included: data collection, exploratory data analysis, data preprocessing, splitting data, implementation of naïve bayes and k-nearest neighbors, and evaluation. The results showed that Naïve Bayes achieved an accuracy of 31.13%, precision of 83.33%, recall of 4.63%, and f1-score of 8.77%. In contrast, K-Nearest Neighbors attains an accuracy of 71.52% and a precision of 71.52%, recall 100%, and f1 score of 83,40%. According to the research results, K-nearest neighbors showed much better results in terms of accuracy, recall, and F1 scores. These results demonstrate that K-nearest neighbor is more effective in detecting public interest in electric motorcycles, and it strikes a better balance between identifying all positive cases and avoiding predictive errors.
Relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-1 and coronary plaque stability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1)and coronary atherosclerotic plaque stability.Methods Through angiography,127 patients were divided into stable plaque group(n=72)and vulnerable plaque group(n=100),compared the basic characters(age,sex),risk factors(hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,smoke,familiy history)and laboratory results(echocardiography,TC,TG,CRP,MMP-1)of two groups.Results Mono-factor analysis showed that the low left ventricular ejection fraction(EF)(0.55±0.08 vs 0.60±0.04),high CRP level [(16.2±3.60)mmol/L vs(1.82±2.09)mmol/L] and high MMP-1 level [(3.14±2.76)ng/ml vs(2.17±1.04)ng/ml] were related with unstable plaque(P0.05).Multi-factors linear regression analysis showed that CRP(β=0.193,P=0.049)and MMP-1(β=0.216,P=0.046)level were independent predict factors which related to plaque stability(P0.05).Conclusion MMP-1 level was related to plaque stability and it can be used as independent predict factor for the identification of plaque unstability.
Legal Basis—EU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Guidance European Pharmacovigilance for Medicinal Products Authorised by National or Mutual Recognition Licensing Procedures—Directive 2001/83/EC European Pharmacovigilance for Centrally Authorised Medicinal Products—Regulation (EEC) No. 2309/93 European Pharmacovigilance Legislation—Member State Implementation Pharmaceutical Legislation 2001 Review Pharmacovigilance and Product Liability Appendices of Reference Materials
Training aligned with business strategies: aiming at the ‘Strategic fit’

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Training wherever linked with business strategies has helped organizations manage their global business
environments and to gain competitive advantage. Although much research has been done on the issue of training
aligned with business strategies however there are very scanty studies on a “strategic fit” that shows an integration
of training with the business strategies particularly those enterprises that have practiced acquisitions and mergers
in the recent times and felt the need of integrating training with their novel business strategies or helping their
people to acquire the learning of the required strategic skills and competencies. Methodologically, stratified and
sampling random techniques were used to select the respondents for the study and an adapted questionnaire was
distributed. Two softwares namely, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Smart PLS (PLS-SEM) were
used to analyze the data collected. The findings of the study revealed that training and business strategy is a key to
achieving employees’ strategic fit. Thus, training and business strategy are important predictors of strategic fit in an
organization. In the end, this study concludes that training and business strategy are a way of updating employees’
competency. This study recommends that since change is constant, training and re-training of employees should be
the watch-word of any organization.
Television Satire, Democracy and the Decay of Public Language: John Clarke's Verbal Caricature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the contributions of John Clarke to the field of political satire through his interviews with straight-man Bryan Dawe on ABC TV's The 7.30 Report. Clarke's work represents one of the last vestiges of what was once a vigorous satiric tradition in TV comedy, specifically the practice of political caricature. There was The Mavis Bramston Show in the 1960s and The Naked Vicar Show in the 1970s, while The Gillies Report in the 1980s was probably the best example of sustained political caricature in television comedy. Even in later sketch-based shows such as Fast Forward and The Late Show in the early 1990s, political caricature was a significant component of the material, whereas it seems to have all but disappeared from current television comedy. The paper investigates the disappearance of this type of comedy from Australian television screens and also discusses why the longevity, consistency, not to mention accuracy, of Clarke's satire is so important in the current political climate. Clarke's political caricature is almost entirely language-based, expertly parodying the spin-doctored rhetoric of our elected representatives and business leaders. This leads to a secondary focus of the paper, which is a discussion of Clarke's unique form of satire in the context of what an historian (and former satirist) identifies as ‘the decay of public language’.
Construction of a digital intelligent evaluation platform for energy consumption of large oilfield water injection systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the development of oilfield water injection systems becoming more and more complex, relying on artificial experience to judge the efficiency of energy consumption and the status of the system more difficult. Based on hydraulic theory and matrix theory, establish the characteristic equations of the node unit, pipeline unit and auxiliary unit of the water injection system, and use the flow balance to form the overall matrix equation of the water injection system. Established a theoretical model of water injection system simulation, based on this, build a digital intelligent evaluation platform for water injection system energy consumption. In this way, it simulates the production operation status of the water injection system under theoretical conditions and compares it with the actual production operation data, so as to accurately analyze and evaluate the current status of the water injection system’s pipe network energy consumption and the operating efficiency of the branch pipe network energy consumption of each water injection station. The intelligent analysis and evaluation of energy consumption of the water injection pipe network system has been realized, and the optimization and transformation goals have been defined. It has played a significant role in promoting the realization of digital and intelligent oilfield water injection systems.
What Is the Role of Spores in Fern Taxonomy?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ferns are a group of plants that illustrate many changes in taxonomic concepts which are useful in establishing systems of classification and in the delimiting of genera and species. Linnaean genera were distinguished on such gross morphological features as the shape, size, and placement of the sori. Later, stelar anatomy became an important criterion. Then such items as venation, origin of the sorus, indusium, development of the sporangium, scales, hairs, glands on the indusium, chromosome number, and, to a lesser extent, spore morphology were used to separate species. This is not a definitive paper on the use of spore morphology in fern taxonomy but rather an assessment of the role that may be attained by this much neglected field. concept of the structure and the terminology applied to different portions of the spore is quite varied. Douglas H. Campbell (1905) described spore structure as follows: The young spores are thin-walled, but later the wall becomes thicker and shows a division into two parts, an inner layer, which generally shows a cellulose reaction and is called the endospore (intine), and an outer more cuticularized coat, the exospore (exine). In addition, a third outer coat (perenium, epispore) is very generally present. Structurally, the spore consists of a protoplast, the living portion encased in a thin layer, the intine, which is surrounded by the exine. This in turn is generally enclosed by one or more layers which have been termed perispore, epispore, perine, or sclerine by various authors. There is no unanimity of usage among those interested in spore morphology. It was recognized early that differences in the number and orientation of cleavage planes gave rise to two types of spores from the spore mother cell, namely, the tetrahedral and bilateral spores. These were so named because, in the case of the former, three planes or faces were common to the proximal side of the spores tetrahedral or bilateral, and Coniogramme with spores 6
Investigation of factors stabilizing formally zero valent copper macrocyclic complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of factors stabilizing formally zero valent copper macrocyclic complexesAlan M. Bond and Mohamed A. KhalifaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3, 413–420Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00250a015Request reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (907 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts