jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): role in migraine pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is recognized as a critical player in migraine pathophysiology. Excitement has grown regarding CGRP because of the development and clinical testing of drugs targeting CGRP or its receptor. While these drugs alleviate migraine symptoms in half of the patients, the remaining unresponsive half of this population creates an impetus to address unanswered questions that exist in this field.Areas covered: We describe the role of CGRP in migraine pathophysiology and CGRP-targeted therapeutics currently under development and in use. We also discuss how a second CGRP receptor may provide a new therapeutic target.Expert opinion: CGRP-targeting drugs have shown a remarkable safety profile. We speculate that this may reflect the redundancy of peptides within the CGRP family and a second CGRP receptor that may compensate for reduced CGRP activity. Furthermore, we propose that an inherent safety feature of peptide-blocking antibodies is attributed to the fundamental nature of peptide release, which occurs as a large bolus in short bursts of volume transmission. These facts support the development of more refined CGRP therapeutic drugs, as well as drugs that target other neuropeptides. We believe that the future of migraine research is bright with exciting advances on the horizon.
Aromatic Components and Organic Acids in Sordum Liqueur.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

市販果実のうち, ソルダム (Sordum: Prunus salicina Lindl.) を主原料として, 氷砂糖とエタノールまたはホワイトリカー (White liquor, 混成酒, アルコール分35%) の配合割合を変えて8種類調製 (表1) し, 約6か月間熟成させて果実酒をつくり, 検出された有機酸及び芳香成分を分析し, 次の結果を得た。1) 各ソルダム酒中に検出された芳香成分は, すべてエステル類であった。これらのエステル類と最高生成量を示すと次のとおりである。クエン酸トリエチル3.8mg%, リンゴ酸ジエチル7.8mg%, 乳酸エチル12.0mg%, 炭酸ジエチル18.2mg%。また, 芳香族エステル類とアルデヒド, ケトン類及び脂肪族アルデヒド, ケトン類は全く検出されなかった。2) 各ソルダム酒中に検出された有機酸はすべて脂肪族有機酸であり, それらの種類と最高生成量は, クエン酸203mg%, リンゴ酸320mg%, 乳酸278mg%であった。
Combining the chemotherapeutic effects of epigallocatechin 3-gallate with siRNA-mediated p53 knock-down results in synergic pro-apoptotic effects

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ioana Berindan-Neagoe,1,2 Cornelia Braicu,1 Alexandru Irimie3,41Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, &amp;ldquo;Ion Chiricuta&amp;rdquo;, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, &amp;ldquo;I. Hatieganu&amp;rdquo;, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 3Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, &amp;ldquo;I. Hatieganu&amp;rdquo;, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 4Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, &amp;ldquo;Ion Chiricuta&amp;rdquo;, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaAbstract: Plant extracts and compounds are applied to a wide variety of diseases in which traditional drugs have proven ineffective. A quickly developing trend in biomedicine is the therapeutic use of siRNA (short interfering RNA) structures. The focus of this study was on evaluating the gene expression involved in the modulation of apoptosis, in cases of combinatorial treatment (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and/or p53siRNA. EGCG in combination with p53siRNA exerts synergic pro-apoptotic effects that are greater than those of each agent taken individually. There is a cumulative antiproliferative effect, induced by EGCG and p53siRNA treatment, and it is mediated through the activation of a large number of pro-apoptotic genes and the inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expression levels. p53siRNA promotes the convergence of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in a synergic manner with EGCG. The chemotherapeutic effects of EGCG in combination with p53siRNA therapy induced a synergic pro-apoptotic effect, indicating the potential for development of promising new anticancer therapies.Keywords: p53siRNA, apoptosis, HeLa cells
Effect of vanadium application on the paddy rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The height, the root length and the weight of rice seedlings were increased by the application of ammonium vanadate. The nitrogen contents of seedlings were generally increased in proportion to the amounts of vanadate applied. Carbon contents of seedlings, however, show little difference. The best result was obtained when V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ 150 ppm was applied, but more than 500 ppm was toxic to rice seedlings, and at 1000 ppm all rice seedlings were killed. N, P, and K fertilizers were added to the rice after transplantation from the nursery, but vanadium was omitted. Little difference was found in growth and yield of the rice plants. Vanadium absorbed by younger rice seedlings has little influence on the latter growth and yields of rice plants.
INCIDENCE AND DAMAGE OF MEALY BUGS DROSICHA MANGIFERAE GREEN (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) ON MANGO MANGIFERA INDICA L. FROM KOLHAPUR DISTRICT, INDIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mango Mangenifera indica L, the king of all fruits is cultivated in about 7, 50,000 hectares in Indian subcontinent. The varieties like hapus, grafted and hybrids are more susceptible to insect pests including Mealy bugs, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Therefore, incidence and damage caused by D. mangiferae on mango verities hapus, grafted and hybrids have been studied from Kolhapur district during the years 2011- 2013. The pest occurred on the crop in December and caused extensive damage to crop by sucking cell sap from tender leaves, stem, flowering and fruiting bodies which resulted in extensive fall of flowering and fruiting bodies. The Mealy bug population was associated with crop up to ripening of fruits which disfigured and made the fruits insipid in the Kolhapur region. Hapus, grafted and other hybrid verities of Mango were equally susceptible to Mealy bug attack in the region. Preventive control measures are suggested in the paper.
An analysis of operational efficiency and optimal development for agricultural cooperatives in Chiang Mai

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

By employing the Malmquist productivity index, Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) and super-efficiency DEA, this study attempts to analyze the total factor productivity change, find out the optimal size of business and some policy implications are suggested in order to improve efficiency of agricultural cooperatives in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The results represent that after adopting information technology (Technological change), total productivity change has improved however pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change still continue in downward trend. From 55 agricultural cooperatives, there are 19 units (34%) having pure technical efficiency and 18 units of them are extreme efficient DMUs. Moreover 9 agricultural cooperatives (17%) have assets worth approximate 40.69 billion baht and have constant return to scale. The optimal membership and the proper volume of debt are important notices for administrators considering for improving business efficiency.
COMPATIBILITY OF FEATURES AND PHONETIC CONTENT. THE CASE OF NASALIZATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews data on the compatibility of nasalization with manner and voicing features. First, it addresses the relations between nasalization and manner features and discusses the scales of nasalization spreading in the light of aerodynamic and acoustic factors. Second, it examines the interdependent relations between voicing and nasality. These observations lead to propose disfavoured sequences involving nasals. The paper argues that aerodynamic and acoustic interactions between features determine their likelihood to combine within segments and when segments follow each other.
Three atypical presentations of choriocarcinoma, occurring during and shortly after a coexistent viable pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gestational choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumour originating from the trophoblastic tissue that can arise during or after any type of pregnancy, but most of the time follows a molar pregnancy. Characteristic for this tumour is its rapid haematogenous spread to various organs, causing atypical presentations often attributable to metastatic disease. We review three cases that occurred during and shortly after a coexistent intrauterine pregnancy. The patient of Case 1 presented with neurological symptoms due to hypercalcaemia, in Case 2 there was initially suspicion of appendicitis and the third patient presented with acute respiratory insufficiency. This case series illustrates that, although highly effective chemotherapy is available, choriocarcinoma can be life-threatening and accurate diagnosis is challenging but critical.
MIRROR MATTER ADMIXTURES AND ISOSPIN BREAKING IN THE |ΔI|=1/2 RULE IN Ω- TWO BODY NONLEPTONIC DECAYS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss a description of Ω - two body nonleptonic decays based on possible, albeit tiny, admixtures of mirror matter in ordinary hadrons. The |ΔI|=1/2 rule enhancement is obtained as a result of isospin symmetry and, more importantly, the rather large observed deviations from this rule result from small isospin breaking. This analysis lends support to the possibility that the enhancement phenomenon observed in low energy weak interactions may be systematically described by mirror matter admixtures in ordinary hadrons.
The art of groupwork practice with manualized curricula

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a growing trend in social work toward the use of group-based manuals. Occasionally considered to be opposing approaches, practice based on manualized curricula and practice based on group processes are – in our view – complementary to each other. In this paper, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of manuals as a basis for practice. We offer a series of design and practice principles intended to assist designers and users of manuals. We illustrate the application of these principles with a manualized program, Making Choices, whose aim is to decrease aggression and improve peer relationships in elementary school children.
Improving Credibility of Machine Learner Models in Software Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given a choice, software project managers frequently prefer traditional methods of making decisions rather than relying on empirical software engineering (empirical/machine learning-based models). One reason for this choice is the perceived lack of credibility associated with these models. To promote better empirical software engineering, a series of experiments are conducted on various NASA datasets to demonstrate the importance of assessing the ease/difficulty of a modeling situation. Each dataset is divided into three groups, a training set, and “nice/nasty” neighbor test sets. Using a nearest neighbor approach, “nice neighbors” align closest to same class training instances. “Nasty neighbors” align to the opposite class training instances. The “nice”, “nasty” experiments average 94% and 20% accuracy, respectively. Another set of experiments show how a ten-fold cross-validation is not sufficient in characterizing a dataset. Finally, a set of metric equations is proposed for improving the credibility assessment of empirical/machine learning models.
Discovery of Electrophiles and Profiling of Enzyme Cofactors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Reverse‐polarity activity‐based protein profiling (RP‐ABPP) is a chemical proteomics approach that uses nucleophilic probes amenable to “click” chemistry deployed into living cells in culture to capture, immunoprecipitate, and identify protein‐bound electrophiles. RP‐ABPP is used to characterize the structure and function of reactive electrophilic post‐translational modifications (PTMs) and the proteins harboring them, which may uncover unknown or novel functions. RP‐ABPP has demonstrated utility as a versatile method to monitor the metabolic regulation of electrophilic cofactors, using a pyruvoyl cofactor in S ‐adenosyl‐ L ‐methionine decarboxylase (AMD1), and to discover novel types of electrophilic modifications on proteins in human cells, such as the glyoxylyl modification on secernin‐3 (SCRN3). These cofactors cannot be predicted by sequence, and therefore this area is relatively undeveloped. RP‐ABPP is the only global, unbiased approach to discover such electrophiles. Here, we describe the utility of these experiments and provide a detailed protocol for de novo discovery, quantitation, and global profiling of electrophilic functionality of proteins. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1 : Identification and quantification of probe‐reactive proteins Basic Protocol 2 : Characterization of the site of probe labeling Basic Protocol 3 : Determination and quantitation of electrophile structure
INFLUENCE OF LOAN INSURANCE POLICY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the influence of loan insurance policy on financial performance SACCOs in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey and targeted 143 senior management staff from 13 SACCOs located in Kakamega County from where a sample size of 105 was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The study used structured questionnaire as the main research instrument. A pilot study was conducted among 20 senior management staff of SACCOs in Vihiga County, Kenya, so as to check research instrument’s validity and reliability. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 was used in data analysis. Descriptive statistics (percentages, frequencies, mean, and standard deviations) were computed. A total of 97 respondents out of the sampled 105 respondents returned completely filled questionnaires representing a response rate of 92.4%, thus good for generalizability of research findings to a wider population. The results showed that loan insurance policy significantly influences financial performance of SACCOs in Kakamega County. That is; loan insurance policy (independent variable) was significant predictor of SACCO performance (dependent variable). The study concluded that loan insurance policy impacts positively on SACCO’s financial growth in the sense that convenient loan insurance rates or premiums can assist to cover non-performing loans which subsequently impact on financial growth of a SACCO. It was recommended that SACCOs should embrace this new concept of loan insurance covers as strategic form loan loss provisioning so as to check on non-performing loans ratios which always influence financial performance of SACCOs. Key Words: Loan Insurance, Financial Performance of SACCOs CITATION: Angweye, E. I., & Otinga, H. N. (2019). Influence of loan insurance policy on financial performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Kakamega County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 7(1), 150 – 159.
High-field magnetoresistance at interfaces in manganese perovskites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The low-field (LFMR) and high field (HFMR) magnetoresistance response of ceramic ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ (LSMO) samples having grain sizes diameters \ensuremath{\emptyset} ranging from 10 \ensuremath{\mu}m to 20 nm have been investigated. A limiting LFMR of about \ensuremath{\approx}30% is obtained for the \ensuremath{\emptyset} \ensuremath{\approx}0.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m but no larger values are obtained by further reduction of the grain size down to the nanometric range. On the contrary, the HFMR progressively rises when reducing the grain size. Magnetic and transport measurements suggest that HFMR originates from the existence of a noncollinear surface layer, having a thickness t that increases when reducing \ensuremath{\emptyset}. We have disclosed a clear relationship between the thickness, the intergranular resistance, and the height of the surface energy barrier. In addition, we show that in samples with submicronic grains, there is an intergranular Coulomb gap.
Cellular Specificity of Plasmacytoma-Induced Immunosuppression

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The pattern of immunodeficiency in plasmacytoma-bearing mice appears to be unique. Mice bearing these tumors exhibit a severe impairment in their ability to mount a primary immune response to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens. However, cell-mediated immune functions in these mice apparently remain intact. Thus, when T cell activity of lymph node cells from plasmacytomabearing mice was tested in vivo by sensitization with dinitrofluorobenzene and in vitro by responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, allogeneic cells, and dinitrobenzene sulfonate, cell-mediated immunity was found to be normal.
Intelligent product manuals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intelligent product manuals are designed to allow product users to utilize a product as easily, effectively and with as little additional care as possible while minimizing support costs for manufacturers and suppliers. It is first shown how intelligent product manuals address these objectives by utilizing electronic, multimedia and knowledge-based technologies to provide active assistance to the user of the product during tasks such as installation, operation and maintenance. An architecture for the creation and deployment of an intelligent product manual is then proposed and general design considerations are outlined. Finally, four implementation approaches, based on XML, SGML, HTML and PDF technologies, are compared against a set of selection criteria. It is concluded that simple, low-cost solutions are available, which can provide significant benefits for appropriate businesses, including smaller companies.
The Inclusion Variation of Non-additive Set Functions on T-Tribe

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Inclusion variation on T infin -tribe play an important role in T infin -measures and fuzzy games theory, where they were used for additive set functions on T infin -tribe. In this paper classical variations theory is extended to non-additive set functions on T-tribe, after defining the inclusion variation, we investigate its some properties in detailed, such as, the (null-) null-additivity, exhaustivity, order continuity, continuity from the left and so on. As to the inclusion variation on T infin -tribe, an alternative proof of the Jordan decomposition theorem is given. Some relative results about inclusion variation in classical measure theory are generalized.
Compact Multiband Folded 3-D Monopole Antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, we present the design and the detailed analysis of a novel antenna based on the monopole element for multiband mobile handsets. The proposed antenna is a hex-band antenna that covers the 800/900/1800/1900, 2100, and the 2400 bands. The antenna is folded in 3-D providing a compact form to enable its implementation internally without compromising its performance. It is optimized through extensive numerical simulations and experimental prototyping. Different design parameters are identified and their effects on the antenna performance is presented. The antenna performance is shown through the simulated and measured return loss as well as the simulated radiation patterns and efficiency. Its total volume is only 1.6 cm 3 . The results show good return loss, radiation patterns, and efficiency performance.
Moroccan Sociocultural Practices of Space: Coping with Marginalization in Bidonvilles and Social Housing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the everyday adaptation practices of marginalized inhabitants in present-day Morocco as they respond to their urban domestic environments and resist recent slum relocation projects. We first address urban policies implemented during the French protectorate era (1912–56), many of which have continued to impact Moroccan cities in the twenty-first century. Our research emphasizes the inadequacy of current urban policies and architectural designs, as well as their incompatibility with inhabitants’ ways of living and spatial needs. We explore how different socio-spatial practices in traditional medina cities, shantytowns, and social housing complexes illustrate marginalized social groups’ adaptation to official policies and sociocultural changes. Acknowledging that the built environment expresses the beliefs, cultures, and social backgrounds of inhabitants, we aim to illustrate their ways of living through case studies of two marginalized communities in the Douar El-Garaa shantytown in Rabat and a social housing complex in the suburbs of Casablanca. Our findings identify socio-spatial appropriation and adaptation practices that are rooted in sociocultural habits codified by Islamic customs and other Moroccan cultural norms.
A comparative study of linear and nonlinear anomaly detectors for hyperspectral imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we implement various linear and nonlinear subspace-based anomaly detectors for hyperspectral imagery. First, a dual window technique is used to separate the local area around each pixel into two regions - an inner-window region (IWR) and an outer-window region (OWR). Pixel spectra from each region are projected onto a subspace which is defined by projection bases that can be generated in several ways. Here we use three common pattern classification techniques (Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) Analysis, and the Eigenspace Separation Transform (EST)) to generate projection vectors. In addition to these three algorithms, the well-known Reed-Xiaoli (RX) anomaly detector is also implemented. Each of the four linear methods is then implicitly defined in a high- (possibly infinite-) dimensional feature space by using a nonlinear mapping associated with a kernel function. Using a common machine-learning technique known as the kernel trick all dot products in the feature space are replaced with a Mercer kernel function defined in terms of the original input data space. To determine how anomalous a given pixel is, we then project the current test pixel spectra and the spectral mean vector of the OWR onto the linear and nonlinear projection vectors in order to exploit the statistical differences between the IWR and OWR pixels. Anomalies are detected if the separation of the projection of the current test pixel spectra and the OWR mean spectra are greater than a certain threshold. Comparisons are made using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.