jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Global Supply Chain Network Design Under Cap-and-Trade System and Analysis of Carbon Price and Emission Allowance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Carbon cap-and-trade has been introduced to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG). Carbon cap-and-trade is expected to incentivize reducing GHG emissions because it enables the receipt of refunds based on the gap between actual GHG emissions and the predetermined allowance. Moreover, GHG emissions, procurement costs, and custom duties depend on the country, its economic conditions, the electric energy mix, and free trade agreements (FTAs). To reduce GHG emissions with an affordable cost in a global supply chain, it is important to select suppliers and factory locations considering these factors. Furthermore, since carbon price and GHG emission allowance could be changed, manufacturers should also be paid attention to cost fluctuations due to carbon cap-and-trade. This study develops a mathematical model for a global supply chain with a carbon cap-and-trade system and analyzes GHG emissions and costs under different carbon prices and GHG emission allowances. First, procurement cost and GHG emissions for each part are estimated using the life cycle inventory (LCI) database, and a bill of materials (BOM), listing the estimated cost and GHG emissions for each procured country, is created. Second, a global supply chain with a carbon cap-and-trade is formulated using mathematical programming. Third, numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate a design example. Finally, the results are discussed and analyzed from the viewpoints of reducing costs, GHG emissions, cost-effectiveness, and switching suppliers. It is found that the carbon cap-and-trade system can be effective in constructing a global low-carbon supply chain considering customs duties and FTAs and that carbon price has a greater impact on the reduction of GHG emissions instead of GHG emissions allowance in the numerical experiments. Received: 31 December 2023 | Revised: 6 July 2024 | Accepted: 26 August 2024 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Author Contribution Statement Miyu Kotegawa: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Yuki Kinoshita: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Tetsuo Yamada: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Authoring Support for Durable Interactive Multimedia Presentations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are two major problems with the current ways of creating interactive multimedia presentations. Firstly, authoring a multimedia presentation is a non-trivial task, requiring a range of skills such as creating individual items in each medium as well as combining these into a coherent presentation. Secondly, after having devoted a large amount of time and effort to the creation of a presentation, there is no guarantee that it can be played back on a platform other than the one for which it was created, let alone whether it can be played back by future systems. To tackle both these problems, we first present an information model for interactive multimedia, so that information can be stored independently of the system that creates or plays it. We then investigate a number of authoring systems. By differentiating four authoring paradigms we classify and describe a selection of both research and commercial systems. These provide examples of the types of support that can be given to authors, and how this support can be provided in practice. Using the approaches and features supported by these systems as a base, we give an analysis of the facilities desired in an ideal authoring system. 1.
Plato’s Mirror: From False Imitations to Truth

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of the mirror as a methodological tool, with which Plato discusses reflection and describes the mimetic phenomena. The notion of the mirror first presents Plato’s view on the metaphysical division of the world. It then accounts for Plato’s hostility towards the poets and reveals that the ideal polis is the product of a special kind of philosophical mimesis. I argue that Plato’s own mirror is the dialogues he writes, and the perfection of his mimetic activity is juxtaposed to the hazardous imitations of the poets.
KLASIFIKASI CITRA JENIS KULIT WAJAH DENGAN ALGORITMA CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) RESNET-50

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classification of facial skin types is important in facial care. This research aims to develop a facial skin type classification system using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method with the ResNet-50 architecture. This research uses a dataset of 1,119 facial skin images with 3 classes: normal, dry, and oily. The research stages include: data pre-processing in the form of image resizing and normalization, model training using ResNet-50, and data testing. The research results show an accuracy of 0.9986, a loss of 0.0040, and a high F1-Score. However, unbalanced data distribution causes overfitting, so future research needs to use a more balanced dataset.
Cooperative Control for Stochastic Multiagent Systems With Deferred Dynamic Constraints via a Novel Universal Barrier Function Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article investigates the cooperative control problem for stochastic multiagent systems (MASs) with dynamic constraints. A new universal barrier function is proposed, which is applicable to many systems with different types of constraint functions, even unconstrained systems. Several mapping functions are constructed to constrain the state variables directly without feasibility conditions, and the tracking control is achieved for stochastic MASs with deferred full-state constraints under the backstepping framework. In order to regulate the tracking error more precisely, the funnel error transformation is improved and the deferred funnel controller is developed by introducing a preassigned finite-time function. Based on the deferred funnel controller, the tracking error can be maintained within the predetermined funnel in the preassigned time. The convergence time can be defined according to the actual requirements, and it is independent of the design controller parameters and initial conditions. Finally, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the top-100 highly cited articles on immunotherapy for endometrial cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Immunotherapy is a promising method for the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric study of the top 100 most-cited publications on immunotherapy for EC and provide a reference for future research. Methods: Global publications on immunotherapy for EC published from 1985 to the present in the Web of Science core database were retrieved. We focused on the study of the top 100 most-cited articles by extracting information such as year, country, journal, author, institution, literature, and keywords. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and R were used to perform descriptive statistics and visual analyses. Results: The top 100 most-cited articles were published between 2002 and 2022, including 70 original papers and 30 reviews. The total frequency of citations per article ranges from 15 to 287. Developed countries dominated these publications, with the United States contributing the most (50 articles). According to Bradford Law, 6 journals, including Gynecologic Oncology and the Journal of Clinical Oncology, are highly recommended. Santin A. D. from Yale University and Makker.V. from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have made positive contributions. Among the top ten most-cited articles, 7 focused on clinical trials exploring the efficacy of immunotherapy drugs, of which 4 were lenvatinib combined with pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced EC. The immune-microenvironment, immune antitumor mechanisms, immunomodulatory drugs, especially anti-pd-1/pd-l1 checkpoint inhibitors, and their clinical trials are the focus of current research. Conclusion: The attention of researchers from different countries to EC immunotherapy, especially immunosuppressants, has brought a breakthrough in this field. A large number of clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of immune agents, and immune combination therapy (especially targeted therapy) shows positive therapeutic promise. Immunodrug sensitivity and adverse events remain urgent issues. The key to promoting the development of EC immunotherapy is to select the best patients according to the molecular classification and immunophenotype such as tumor mutation load, MMR status, pd-l1 expression, tumor infiltrating immune cells to truly achieve accurate and personalized treatment. More new and influential EC immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell immunotherapy, still need to be explored in future clinical practice.
A novel method of measuring microelectronic interconnect transmission line parameters and discontinuity equivalent electrical parameters using multiple reflections

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a novel technique which measures the electrical properties of transmission lines (such as microstrip) and extracts equivalent electrical parameters for discontinuities in transmission lines with remarkable precision using a modern network analyzer and newly developed de-embedding software. This technique has successfully measured the per-unit-length inductance (L'), resistance (R'), capacitance (C'), and dielectric loss conductance (G') of microstrip transmission lines made from solid copper and conductive polymer. These materials have been studied at frequencies up to 201 MHz, and higher frequencies are possible. Discontinuities, such as an opening in the ground plane under the microstrip, have also been characterized at frequencies up to 2400 MHz. Measurements of characteristic impedances and skin resistances made by this method are in agreement with theoretical models. Higher frequency measurements should be feasible using a higher frequency network analyzer.
Mechanism of the Catalytic Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The discovery of the dual aromatic- and olefin-based catalytic cycles in methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) catalysis on acid zeolites has given a new context for rationalizing structure–function relationships for this complex chemistry. This perspective examines six major chemistries involved in the hydrocarbon pool mechanism for MTH—olefin methylation, olefin cracking, hydrogen transfer, cyclization, aromatic methylation, and aromatic dealkylation—with a focus on what is known about the rate and mechanism of these chemistries. The current mechanistic understanding of MTH limits structure–function relationships to the effect of the zeolite framework on the identity of the hydrocarbon pool and the resulting product selectivity. We emphasize the need for assessing the consequences of zeolite structure in MTH in terms of experimentally measured rates and activation barriers for individual reaction steps and in terms of speciation preferences within the dual olefin- and aromatic-catalytic cycles to alter their relative propagation. In the absence of individual reaction rates, we propose using ethene/isobutane selectivity as a measure to describe the relative rates of propagation for the aromatic- and olefin-based cycles.
EVALUATING HOW EPARTICIPATION CHANGES LOCAL DEMOCRACY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the ever expanding use of information and communication technologies by governments in their efforts to re-invigorate representative democracy and engage with citizens, there is a need to better understand current eParticipation applications and learn from these experiences. Although there appears much enthusiasm for eDemocracy initiatives at local government level, the objectives of different systems are quite diverse, as stakeholders tend to view them differently and have varying expectations. This paper describes methods and results from the evaluation of eParticipation projects conducted under the UK Local eDemocracy National Project. We argue that eParticipation evaluation is in its infancy and there is a need to develop a coherent evaluation framework, encompassing a range of methods and perspectives. Our evaluation of four local authority led projects demonstrates the importance, but also the barriers to using a multi-disciplinary approach. The evaluation results presented here start to develop an understanding of how various stakeholders perceive local eDemocracy and, as such, how ICTs can both affect and effect local democracy.
Arithmetic Compaction Circuits for Mixed-Signal Systems Testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>Arithmetic error-control codes (ECCs) have been designed to protect the integrity of data being transmitted and/or processed. The implementation of an ECC involves constructing an appropriate encoding/decoding device. An important part of this device is a residue computing circuit (RCC). This circuit has also been used in mixed-signal systems testing and is referred to as a compaction circuit. As ECCs originated primarily to protect data transfers over binary channels, the design methodology for RCCs has been mostly oriented toward a binary case. A nonbinary design technique has only been reported for a special type of compaction modulus. In this work, we consider a design techniquefor a multiple-bitarithmetic compaction circuitwith an arbitrary compaction modulus. It is assumed that the codes being compacted are fuzzy, which distorts the result of compaction and increases the aliasing rate. Even though the fault free system’s output code distortion is small, the compaction circuit may aggravate it beyond the acceptable levels making the method impractical. We design a low cost compactor that does not increase the code distortion. The circuit can be used for off-line and on-line mixed-signal systems testing, as well as fault-tolerant data processing and noise-tolerant data transmission.</p> <p><br></p>
[Changes in blood gas parameters of heatstroke rats in dry-heat environment of desert].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acidosis, electrolyte disturbance, respiratory failure and dehydration in heatstroke occurred in dry-heat environment of desert. It indicates that resuscitation should focus on correction of respiratory acidosis, with simultaneous correction of metabolic acidosis, and one should be alert to correct dehydration and electrolyte disturbance. During the moderate phase and the serious phase, correction of aggravated metabolic acidosis should be reinforced, and the prevention and treatment of the severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbance should be undertaken actively.
Path Connectivity of the Free Space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper revisits the notion of free configuration space and reviews some of its path-connectivity-related properties. The literature on motion planning reveals at least three different definitions for the free configuration space of a robot in the presence of obstacles. This paper shows that, assuming regularity of both object and obstacles, those three definitions are equivalent. We show that the three definitions regularize the free space and therefore prevent the existence of “thin bits,” or low-dimensional strata. The paper concludes by discussing a series of properties regarding the existence and smoothability of contact-free paths between pairs of configurations.
Identification of Zebra Chip Tolerant Diploid and Tetraploid Potato Genotypes with Good Processing Quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zebra chip (ZC) disease, caused by the bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), and vectored by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc.) causes significant yield and quality losses in potatoes. Potatoes infected with the Lso bacteria make chips with zebra-like patterns that are unacceptable for consumers. Currently, insecticides are applied to minimize plant contact with the potato psyllids. The use of tolerant potato cultivars is being considered as an important part of an integrated approach to manage the disease and reduce insecticide use. Comprehensive screening of commercial and breeding clones over multiple years indicated that very little resistance was available in chipping clones. The objective was to screen additional tetraploid clones containing introgressions from crop wild relatives and also a collection of diploid clones derived from recurrent selection to identify tolerance to Lso that could be incorporated in potato breeding programs. Artificial infestation with Lso-infected psyllids was conducted in greenhouse controlled and field experiments isolated from natural insect presence. \nTubers were chipped and evaluated for chip quality and ZC score. Insect mortality and egg numbers were counted to characterize insect response. Among diploids with good chipping quality and low ZC score, one highly tolerant diploid clone (DD853-02) and two tolerant clones (CC831-03 and DD812-02) were identified. Among tetraploid potatoes with good chipping quality and low ZC score, some members of the A07781 and TX12484 families showed promising tolerance in the field and greenhouse. The findings indicate that genetic tolerance to ZC is available in potatoes with high chip quality and could be used for future breeding work.
Risk management in midwifery practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Risk management has recently gained a high profile in all areas of clinical practice. It is particularly important in obstetrics and gynaecology because of the large volume of litigation in these areas. Evidence from the literature indicates that midwives are also showing an increased awareness of and interest in risk management (Nightingale, 1995; Williams, 1995; Dineen, 1996; O'Connor and Beard, 1996; Smith and Mitchell, 1996). However, the focus is often on litigation avoidance (Dineen, 1996). This article supports the increased use of risk management in midwifery practice. It is argued, however, that enhancement of client care, rather than litigation avoidance, should be the principal driving force in implementing risk management procedures.
Methotrexate in malaria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Methotrexate in malaria Get access A.B.G. Laing A.B.G. Laing Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 66, Issue 3, 1972, Pages 518–519, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(72)90294-5 Published: 01 January 1972
Influence of Secondary Components on the Synthesis of Self-Cross-Linked N-Isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work presents systematic studies of cross-linker-free microgels formed by copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and various secondary monomer components in water under standard reaction conditions. The sizes, solid densities, and volume phase transitions of these particles have been characterized through static and dynamic laser light-scattering experiments. We find that introducing a hydrophobic component, for example, styrene (St) or methyl methacrylate (MMA), leads to particles with smaller sizes and higher solid densities, while the volume phase transition shifts to lower temperatures. On the other hand, introducing a hydrophilic component such as acrylamide (AAm) or acrylic acid (AA) leads to larger particles with lower solid densities and a volume phase transition that shifts to higher temperatures and is broadened. The molar mass changes little in either case. Introducing a charged component such as sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) or poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PNaSS) leads to a sharp decrease in molar mass and particle size, and a very broad phase transition. These trends provide good guidance for synthesizing both self-cross-linked and cross-linked copolymerized microgels of different properties.
Analysis of the Carburizing Process Using a Batch Atmosphere Furnace

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The carburizing process is a heat treatment method aimed at enhancing the surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of materials by adding carbon at high temperatures. This study analyzes the impact of this process on low-carbon steels (STKM 13A and SPCC) and an alloy steel (SCM 435). Carburization was conducted at 900°C for 100 minutes. The tests performed included a Micro Vickers hardness test and microstructural characterization following the ASTM E-407 standard. The results showed a significant increase in the surface hardness of all materials. Critically, carbon diffusion in both STKM 13A and SPCC reached a consistent and defined depth of 0.48 mm, while in SCM 435, it diffused uniformly across the entire material thickness. Microstructural analysis revealed a phase transformation from pearlite and ferrite before carburization to martensite afterward. For STKM 13A and SPCC, the martensite phase formed up to a depth of 0.48 mm, while SCM 435 underwent a total transformation to the martensite phase, resulting in full hardening. This research provides specific quantitative data on the critical case depth (0.48 mm) achievable in STKM 13A and SPCC under these conditions, offering a clear reference point for industrial applications requiring controlled surface hardening.
CAPABILITIES TO VISUALIZE THE OPERATING REGION OF SURGICAL INTERVENTION RELATIVELY TO CRANIAL LANDMARKS FOR NEURONAVIGATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During the work we analyze the process of neuronavigation in terms of using different approaches for aligning the operational volume at surgical stage in respective to the preplanning data. The work is dedicated to capabilities to visualize the operating region of surgical intervention relatively to cranial landmarks for neuronavigation. We analyzed the principles of selection of anatomical landmarks. We give practical advice on the choice of anatomical landmarks with respect to system of image analysis. Based on processes of image analysis and image processing we show necessity of utilization specialized anatomical landmarks. At this research we propose utilize the cranial landmarks on outer edge of cranium. It was confirmed the possibility of their automated determination. Was shown the necessity of intracerebral landmarks binding to the cranial landmarks. The proposed approach to selection of anatomical landmarks can be applied in neuronavigation for simplification process of their extraction and their calculation.