jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New and fast HPLC method for analysis of flavonoids in honey and propolis samples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Flavonoids present in honey and propolis exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. The presence of specific flavonoids and their content can be used to distinguish botanical and geographical origin [1]. Usual methods for flavonoid analysis are time consuming HPLC assays using combinations of aqueous acid solutions and methanol or acetonitrile. Such long methods are not practical in routine analysis [2,3,4]. Thus, a relatively fast HPLC method for determination of flavonoid content in propolis and honey was developed, with gradient elution over 30 minutes and using ammonium formiate buffer (pH 4,5) and methanol as mobile phases. A column with sub-2-micron particles was used at a presure not exceding 360bar. The method was validated and it is suitable for identification and quantification of six flavonoids in propolis and honey (quercetin, chrysin, naringenin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, galangin). Flavonoid content of several propolis and honey samples originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina was assayed using the developed method. Propolis samples generally contained all said flavonoids, with the exception of the propolis samples from Mostar (pinostrobin and naringenin are not present) and Brcko (naringenin not present). Flavonoid content was 2,38mg/g to 117,05mg/g. Out of the three honey samples bought in a general store, one was proven to be a forgery. Flavonoids (naringenin, pinocembrin, chrysin and glangin) were found in two remaining honey samples and the total content was 1,16µg/g to 1,65µg/g. Based on these results, the presented HPLC method is a reliable and accurate tool for analyzing flavonoids in honey and propolis samples.
Spontaneous Rupture of the Stomach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

vein before 500 ml.had been administered, and, as bowel sounds were then audible, no further intravenous fluid was given.The bowels acted after a glycerin suppository on September 14 and naturally on the 16th.In view of the risk to other patients in the ward he was transferred back to the sanatorium the next day.His cough then appeared no worse than before his operation.On January 3, 1952, his chest condition remained unchanged and he has had no further abdominal symptoms.Dr. M. Symons reports as follows on the specimen: "Approximately 100 cm. of small intestine, purple in colour, and containing a foul-smelling mixture of blood and faeces.At the centre there is a hole in the mesentery, through which loops of gut from above and below have passed in opposite directions.On the gut side of the hole are a number of large hard lymph nodes.Microscopically the mesentery shows extensive haemorrhage into loose connective tissue: it contains lymph nodes which are almost entirely replaced by hard tubercles with no caseation."Comment.-Gangrene of the bowel appears to be un- common in transmesenteric hemia, and I am not aware of a previously reported case in which the hemial orifice was available for histological examination.I am indebted to Mr.
Modular approach perspective in engineering education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Eindhoven University of Technology aims to innovate its engineering curriculum, from a lecture & tutorial based to a challenge-based one. This means a change of mindset from teacher centered to student centered education. In this new environment, modularisation is crucial, as it supports students in their self-directed learning, and in developing and achieving their goals according to their interests and needs. A project related to modularisation is being conducted at TU/e. In this presentation, we share details about the exploratory stage of the project that focuses on the particular issues related to modularisation. We have conducted a robust, state-of-art literature review, and subsequently interviewed the course leaders who have modular course design experience. We put forward the important issues related to modular course design from the point of course designers. Results show that one of the most important issues is that of creating connections between and within modules. Another related challenge is that of suitable assessment strategies. Affordances and shortcomings of modular design will be discussed in the presentation. Our preference on the format of the contribution: Oral
Emerging techniques for precision neuromodulation: A comparative framework from bench to bedside

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>Precision neuromodulation has emerged as a transformative field in neuroscience, enabling both targeted treatment of neurological disorders and mechanistic dissection of brain function. While classical techniques like deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are widely used in clinical practice, they lack the fine-scale specificity required for precise control of specific neuronal subtypes or neural circuits. In contrast, emerging strategies, including genetics-based (optogenetics, chemogenetics, sonogenetics, magnetogenetics), materials-based (photothermal, photoelectric, piezoelectric), and physics-based (infrared, ultrasound, temporal interference) neuromodulation techniques, hold the potential for enhancing spatiotemporal resolution, cell-type specificity, and novel delivery mechanisms. Here, we systematically compare classical and emerging neuromodulation techniques across six critical dimensions: spatial resolution, temporal resolution, cell-type specificity, biosafety, depth of stimulation, and clinical feasibility. We highlight the divergent precision requirements of basic research and clinical applications and categorize all methods by actuator type and stimulation modality to guide practical use. We further examine translational strategies for integrating advanced tools into human therapies. While no single method satisfies all criteria, complementary approaches can be tailored to meet distinct goals of precision in experimental neuroscience and clinical applications. This review provides a conceptual and practical roadmap for selecting and optimizing precision neuromodulation strategies, offering insights that bridge mechanistic research and clinical translation.</p>
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for the Detection of Adhesion Factor Antigens of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two hundred forty-four specimens of Escherichia coli isolated in Bangladesh and Thailand and identified as enterotoxin producers were tested for the presence of adhesion antigens by mannose-resistant hemagglutination, immunodiffusion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Specific antisera to the antigens colonization factor antigen (CFA)/I, CFA/II (consisting of coli surface antigens [CS] 1, 2, and 3), and putative colonization factor antigen (PCF) 8775 (consisting of CS4, 5, and 6) were used in immunodiffusion tests and ELISAs. The results showed that the antigens could be detected in more strains by ELISA than by immunodiffusion. Twenty-nine percent of specimens of E. coli from Thailand and 47% from Bangladesh carried an adhesion antigen. Many of the strains had lost the ability to produce enterotoxins. Forty percent of strains from Thailand and 64% from Bangladesh that were still enterotoxigenic carried adhesion factors. These antigens were found on strains with heat-stable or heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin but not on strains producing only heat-labile enterotoxin. PCF8775 antigens were associated mainly with strains from Bangladesh, where 10 strains that produced only CS6 were detected.
Optimal VDD Assessment of CMOS Technology Considering Circuit Reliability Tradeoffs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the NBTI-induced circuit frequency degradation is found having a non-monotonic bias dependence, thus an optimal V DD can be assessed based on this reliability tradeoff. As a demonstration, based on our recently-developed compact aging model and circuit reliability simulator, NBTI-induced frequency degradation in inverters are simulated, in terms of various V th and V DD , considering two typical stress waveforms. The results show the relationships between the optimal V DD of circuit and various stress conditions, which are useful to the reliability-aware V DD optimization for CMOS technology.
Energy efficient Ethernet encodings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The energy efficiency of network elements is becoming more prominent, with growing concern for Internet power consumption and heat dissipation in datacenters and communications closets. Previous work has looked at energy efficient wireless topologies, network nodes, routers, and protocols. In considering a fresh redesign of the Internet datacenter for energy efficiency, we believe that energy efficient encodings are worthy of study. In this work, we re-examine the choice of Ethernet encoding, develop an associated energy model, evaluate current encodings, and propose new encodings. We found that simpler encodings are more energy efficient, with power savings of around 20% for the best encoding. Our work represents a first step in re-examining the established assumptions and practices of the PHY level of the network stack with respect to energy.
Nectariless Cotton: Effect on Cotton Leafperforator and Other Cotton Insects in Arizona12

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fewer Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck were present and less leaf damage was done in plantings of nectariless cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., than in plantings of nectaried cotton. Also, numbers of Lygus spp. were reduced, as well as total predator populations. Consistently fewer Chrysopa spp. and Geocoris spp. were present.
Mathematical Description of a Fundamental Transient Electric Load Model of Households

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel approach to model electric loads as a detailed dynamical system. The model is based on a multilayer concept which distinguishes different abstraction layers. This model aims for modeling the underlying load's processes and fundamental behavioral patterns under transient conditions in a well structured way. This paper describes the model mathematics to its full extent, such that it can easily be implemented. An analysis based on exemplary comparisons with real measurements mainly under transient voltage and frequency conditions illustrate the model performance and accuracy.
OP34.06: Use of placental, gestational sac and fetal volumetry by three‐dimensional ultrasound in the first trimester for the prediction of fetal homozygous α°‐thalassemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the use of placental, gestational sac and fetal volumes measured by 3D ultrasound for the prediction of homozygous α°-thalassemia. Pregnancies at risk of homozygous α°-thalassaemia and normal controls were prospectively studied at 9–14 weeks of gestation using 2D and 3D ultrasonography. Placental, fetal and gestational sac volumes were measured by 3D multiplanar technique. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of measurement were reported in another study. Affected pregnancies were predicted by 2D ultrasonography of fetal cardiothoracic ratio and placental thickness, and confirmed by DNA study. We stratified the pregnancies into three groups: 9–10, 11–12, and 13–14 weeks' gestation, and analyzed differences between the affected and unaffected pregnancies by two-tailed t test. Of 106 pregnancies studied, 26 (25.0%) were affected. Compared to unaffected pregnancies, crown–rump length (CRL) and gestational sac volume of affected pregnancies were similar. However, in affected pregnancies, fetal volume (FV), and FV/CRL quotient were significantly smaller at 9–14 weeks' gestation (P < 0.05). Placental volume (PV) at 11–14 weeks, and PV/CRL quotient at 9–14 weeks' gestation were significantly greater (P < 0.05). Using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve, the prediction of an affected pregnancy by PV/CRL quotient (0.977–1.0), FV (0.943–1.0) or FV/CRL quotient (0.946–1.0) was better than by PV (0.6–0.806) at 9–10, 11–12, and 13–14 weeks' gestation. Using PV/CRL quotient at a cut-off point of 1.2 ml/mm to predict an affected pregnancy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 96.2%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 98.8% respectively. There was no good cut-off point for FV or FV/CRL. It seems that measurement of PV/CRL quotient can predict an affected pregnancy in the first trimester, and will potentially reduce an invasive test in an unaffected pregnancy.
Drivers’ Skin Conductance Response Characteristics Research during Car-Following Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering human factors, the automobile collision warning system should alert drivers when they perceive the collision risk firstly. In order to explore the feasibility of defining the driver's risk perception moment based skin conductance response (SCR), one risk driving experiment with the driving simulator was designed where the leading vehicle suddenly braked during car-following process, and drivers' skin conductance data was recorded. The research result indicated that the braking behavior of the leading vehicle could stimulate the following vehicle's driver to produce SCR. The male, novice, and younger drivers were more sensitive to the leading vehicle braking behavior than the female, veteran, and elder drivers. This research may be meaningful to define the warning moment of the automobile collision warning system.
Impact of Osun Elementary School Feeding and Health Programme (OMEALS) on the Enrolment and Retention of Rural Primary School Pupils in Osun State, Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School Feeding Programmes are social safety net interventions providing educational and health benefits to vulnerable children in developing countries. This study assessed the impact of Osun Elementary School Feeding and Health Programme (O-MEALS) on the enrolment and retention of rural primary schools in Osun State. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select 188 respondents while data was collected through interview schedule. Percentages, Chi-square, PPMC and T-test were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that over half (51.6%) of the respondents were male, aged 9.38 &plusmn; 1.84 years and majority (83.0%) had a family size of 6-10 people. Food incentives (=1.25), health challenge (=0.69), and peer influence (=0.67) were major factors affecting school attendance. More than half (53.2%) of the respondents had unfavourable perception towards the school feeding programme. Results showed a significant difference between pupils&rsquo; enrolment (t = 5.332, p = 0.006) and retention rate (t = 58.386, p = 0.000) before and after the commencement of O-MEALS. Furthermore, pupils&rsquo; enrolment and retention (r = 0.993, p = 0.001) after the commencement of O-MEALS was significantly related. Food incentive was a major factor affecting school attendance, which fostered an improvement in the poor enrolment and retention previously experienced. Since a good number of the pupils possessed unfavourably perception towards the school feeding programme, it was recommended that effective monitoring be established to checkmate food vendors&rsquo; activities in delivering quality and satisfactory services. Likewise, the Government&rsquo;s policies on school restructuring and levy, which had proved counterproductive, should be reviewed.
Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization and Soil Reactivity of Brazilian Waste Limestones

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper evaluated four waste limestones mined in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and its potential as soil acidity amendments and its effects upon soil fertility attributes. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were performed at the University Centre of Formiga (UNIFOR), with Oxisols collected under native conditions. A randomly experimental design was set with four replications, five liming materials (four waste limestones products + a mix pure product, to comparison) applied in two liming rates (50% and 70% of base saturation), and a control plot (no lime applied). Each liming material was characterized with respect to CaO(%), MgO(%), and micronutrients Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the mineralogy by X-ray diffractometry. Results indicated that all liming materials tested could be classified as supplemental source of calcium and magnesium and caused an increase in soil pH, soil Ca and Mg, and base saturation levels, whereas aluminum saturation decreased. Dolomite, calcite and quartz are major minerals. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were found in trace-amounts in all waste limestones, which was considered typical for such products. Considering the improvement of chemical characteristics and increase soil fertility, the use of waste limestone is an alternative that allows the use of commercial discarded material in small properties.
TAP of APC1-PTP and identification of APC1-associated proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(<b>A</b>) Lysates of strain 427 cells transfected either with empty vector (control, lane 1) or pC.APC1.PTP (lane 2) were fractionated on 10% SDS-PAGE gel, Western blotted and simultaneously probed with anti-protein C antibody (HPC4) and anti-tubulin. The blot was then detected with an anti-mouse HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. (<b>B</b>) Stepwise Western blot monitoring of APC1-PTP during TAP. Samples were analyzed from 1. IgG input (1x), 2. IgG-Sepharose flow-through (1x), 3. The elute from IgG-Sepharose after TEV-protease digestion (5x), 4. The flow-through from anti-protein C matrix (5x), and 5. The EGTA final elute (20x). The blot was probed with HPC4 antibody and the values (in x) represent the relative amounts of samples analyzed. (<b>C</b>) Samples collected from TAP as in (<b>B</b>) were fractioned on 10% SDS-PAGE gel and stained with SYPRO-Ruby. (**) on the top indicates the position of APC1-PTP fusion protein.</p>
Continuous and Collaborative Validation: A Field Study of Requirements Knowledge in Agile

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of our field study that describe how requirements validation was performed at an industrial software company using agile software practices. As is common in agile processes, the team did not capture requirements knowledge in a comprehensive specification document. Instead, requirements knowledge was captured in user stories, automated acceptance tests, personal notes, and conversations. Validation was performed continuously, during preiteration, iteration planning, and intra iteration using mainly conversations. Validation was also collaborative and involved all team members, including the Product Owner, programmers, and testers. The results of our field study have implications for both agile and validation methods. This successful arrangement of agile practices is instructive for agile practitioners and for researchers studying validation.
Behavior in Second-Price Auctions by Highly Experienced eBay Buyers and Sellers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We report on sealed-bid second-price auctions that we conducted on the Internet using subjects with substantial prior experience: they were highly experienced participants in eBay auctions. Unlike the novice bidders in previous (laboratory) experiments, the experienced bidders exhibited no greater tendency to overbid than to underbid. However, even subjects with substantial prior experience tended not to bid their values, suggesting that the non-optimal bidding of novice subjects is robust to substantial experience in non-experimental auctions. We found that auction revenue was not significantly different from the expected revenue the auction would generate if bidders bid their values. Auction efficiency, as measured by the percentage of surplus captured, was substantially lower in our SPAs than in previous laboratory experiments. © 2011 Economic Science Association.
Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs: implication for livestock-association markers and vaccine strategies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dan Guo, Yangqun Liu, Changlin Han, Zhiyao Chen, Xiaohua Ye Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China Background: Routine non-therapeutic antimicrobial use and overcrowding in animal farming may facilitate the propagation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to examine the carriage prevalence and phenotype&amp;ndash;genotype characteristics of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolated from pigs. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from 1,458 pigs in 9 pig farms and 3 slaughterhouses. All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, and virulence genes, and characterized by multilocus sequence typing. The correspondence analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between multiple phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates. Results: In the 1,458 pigs, the carriage prevalence was 9.5% for S. aureus, 3.3% for MRSA, and 9.3% for multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Notably, 97.1% S. aureus isolates were multidrug resistant, and the predominant resistance pattern was non-susceptible to clindamycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. The predominant genotype was CC9 (ST9) for S. aureus and MRSA isolates. Importantly, all S. aureus isolates were negative for the scn gene and resistant to tetracycline. Notably, all 9 linezolid-resistant isolates were classified as multidrug resistance, including 1 expressing the cfr gene and 6 expressing the optrA gene. The correspondence analysis showed a significant relationship between clonal complexes and resistance pattern or virulence genes. For example, CC9 was associated with extensive drug-resistance and co-carrying chp, sak, and hlb, and CC1 was associated with multidrug resistance and co-carrying sak and hlb. Conclusion: The significant correspondence relationship between multiple characteristics provides some implication for vaccine strategies and new ideas for monitoring new epidemiologic clones. Keywords: livestock, animals, Staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial susceptibility, multidrug resistance, molecular characterization
A Definition for Hesitant fuzzy Partitions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we define hesitant fuzzy partitions (H-fuzzy partitions) to consider the results of standard fuzzy clustering family (e.g. fuzzy c-means and intuitionistic fuzzy c-means). We define a method to construct H-fuzzy partitions from a set of fuzzy clusters obtained from several executions of fuzzy clustering algorithms with various initialization of their parameters. Our purpose is to consider some local optimal solutions to find a global optimal solution also letting the user to consider various reliable membership values and cluster centers to evaluate her/his problem using different cluster validity indices.