jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SINAI-DL at SemEval-2019 Task 7: Data Augmentation and Temporal Expressions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the participation of the SINAI-DL team at RumourEval (Task 7 in SemEval 2019, subtask A: SDQC). SDQC addresses the challenge of rumour stance classification as an indirect way of identifying potential rumours. Given a tweet with several replies, our system classifies each reply into either supporting, denying, questioning or commenting on the underlying rumours. We have applied data augmentation, temporal expressions labelling and transfer learning with a four-layer neural classifier. We achieve an accuracy of 0.715 with the official run over reply tweets.
Local autonomy: unconditional elites and conditional publics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates elite and mass attitudes towards local autonomy. Using surveys of more than 1, 200 elected municipal politicians and 5, 800 citizens in Canada, we ask three questions: Do citizens agree with their elected representatives about the need for increased power for local authorities? Are predictors of support for expanded local power similar among elites and the public? Finally, do elected politicians understand their constituents’ attitudes on local autonomy? We find that elites and citizens differ substantially in their attitudes towards local autonomy: politicians overwhelmingly support increased power for local governments, while citizens’ preferences are conditional on their support for the current provincial government, level of education, and ideological alignment with their local community. Moreover, politicians display no knowledge of citizens’ preferences regarding local autonomy. We explain the implications of our findings for theoretical debates about citizen support for local autonomy and for practical debates regarding the empowerment of local governments.
An Efficient BDR Topology, Able to Handle a Large Battery Voltage Range

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the study, design and experimental results of a 1 kWatts DC-DC converter. For this purpose we use a buck derivative topology that we will call Add-On Smart. This topology is based on the Smart concept (Standard Multiple Application regulator) difference being in the regulator switch which is not placed in the input line, but instead is switching only part of the total input current. This fact makes this topology a more efficient option than the regular Smart. This efficient converter is suitable for applications where the bus voltage is above the battery voltage. Basic operation explanation will be given, the design will be presented, as well as the use of an ESA proposed design for a new Hall Effect Current Sensor. Some waveforms and dynamics results will be displayed. The study includes a complete set of efficiency measurements.
The Climate of London

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The 'student of clouds' Luke Howard (1772–1864) published this work of statistics on weather conditions in London in two volumes, in 1818 and 1820. Howard was by profession an industrial chemist, but his great interest in meteorology led to his studies on clouds (also reissued in this series), and his devising of the system of Latin cloud names which was adopted internationally and is still in use. Volume 1 begins with an introduction to the work, explaining his intention to make available in one place consistent records of weather events. He argues that for the benefit of 'agriculture and navigation', a systematic approach is required, and he outlines his methods and equipment in some detail. The tables of observations taken at Plaistow, near London, in the years 1806–9 then begin, and are interspersed with notes and a commentary which includes accounts of similar weather phenomena observed elsewhere.
Health and Healthy Lifestyle Attitudes in University Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health is a fundamental human right. The authors studied gender, age, major, and religious commitment as factors that affected attitude towards health and healthy lifestyle in 526 students of the Cherepovets State University, Russia. The survey relied on the questionnaire of Health Attitudes developed by R. A. Berezovskaya. The questionnaire consisted of ten questions distributed by cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and value-motivational scales. Most students demonstrated no definite opinion on health-related issues. In good health, they assessed their mental state as calm, happy, and joyful; however, they denied that bad health could make them experience negative emotions. The students admitted taking no regular health-promoting measures and hesitated to describe the behavioral practices they turn to when sick. They considered themselves neither healthy, nor limited in such resources as time, money, etc. The sample group proved to be rather passive in their attitude towards their own health with an average score of 4.8 points on the value-motivational scale. The survey confirmed the current trend to perceive health not as vital, but as instrumental, i.e., not a goal in itself, but a value that makes it possible to achieve a certain goal.
Article Info ABSTRACT Article history:

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Text document is an important source of information and knowledge. Most of the knowledge needed in various domains for different purposes is in form of implicit content. A content of text is represented by keyphrases, which consists of one or more meaningful words. Keyphrases can be extracted from text through several steps of processing, including text preprocessing. Annotated Suffix Tree (AST) built from the documents collection itself is used to extract the keyphrase, after basic text preprocessing that includes removing stop words and stemming are applied. Combination of four variations of preprocessing is used. Two words (bi-words) and three-words of phrases extracted are used as a list of keyphrases candidate which can help user who needs keyphrase information to understand content of documents. The candidate of keyphrase can be processed further by learning process to determine keyphrase or non keyphrase for the text domain with manual validation. Experiments using simulation corpus in which keyphrases are determined from them show that keyphrases of two and three words can be
Case report: Uterine Lipoleiomyoma: Case Report of a Rare Entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uterine lipoleiomyomas are a rare benign variant of uterine leiomyomas with the reported incidence of 0.02-0.3% in the literature. It is usually seen in obese postmenopausal women and result from fatty morphogenesis of smooth muscles in uterine leiomyoma. In this case report, we are presenting a large lipoleiomyoma in a nulliparous postmenopausal woman with its typical presentation on computed tomography, gross morphology and histopathology.
Critical Role of flt3 in Fetal and Adult T Lymphopoiesis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We recently demonstrated that signalling through the cytokine tyrosine kinase receptor flt3 and interleukin-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα ) is indispensable for fetal and adult B cell commitment and development (Sitnicka et al., J. Exp. Med. 198: 1495, 2003). We have also shown that flt3 ligand (FL)-deficient mice have reduced levels of the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) but normal levels of mature T cells (Sitnicka et al., Immunity, 17:463, 2002). However, previous studies failed to demonstrate a role of flt3 and its ligand in T lymphopoiesis. Herein, although having normal numbers of thymocytes, FL-deficient mice were shown to have distinct reductions in the earliest double negative (DN) progenitors in the fetal, postnatal and adult thymus. A critical role of flt3 in thymocyte development was most evident in the absence of Interleukin-7 receptor a (IL-7Rα ) signalling. Strikingly, in adult FL−/−IL-7Rα −/− (double deficient) mice thymic cellularity was reduced 400 fold as compared to FL−/− and wild type (WT) controls and 30 fold as compared to IL-7Rα −/− mice. In agreement with previous studies, IL-7Rα −/− thymocytes revealed a partial block at the progression from the DN2 (CD4−CD8−CD44+CD25+) to DN3 (CD4−CD8−CD44−CD25+) stage, while in FL−/−IL-7Rα −/− mice DN1 (CD4−CD8−CD44+CD25−), DN2 and DN3 thymic progenitors were undetectable. The DP CD4+CD8+ thymocytes were reduced more than 1000 fold as compared to IL-7Rα −/− mice and low levels of peripheral T cells remaining in FL−/−IL-7Rα −/− mice had exclusively an activated/memory phenotype. Furthermore, FL−/−IL-7Rα −/− bone marrow cells lacked T cell reconstituting potential after transplantation into lethally irradiated recipients. Taken together these data demonstrate indispensable and complementary roles of flt3 and IL-7Rα in T lymphopoiesis.
[Clinical application of therapeutic lung lavage].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

许多肺部疾病时支气管和肺泡内存在过多的分泌物或异常物质潴留,是因为感染或长期从环境中吸入有害物质或是异常代谢性物质沉积所致,表现为以痰栓阻塞为主的感染性支气管肺炎、黏液黏稠症、吸入性肺炎、多种无机粉尘所致的尘肺(pneumoconiosis)及肺内粉末沉着症、肺泡蛋白沉积症( pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,PAP)等.肺灌洗术是通过纤维支气管镜或双腔支气管导管洗出肺内的特异性物质(分泌物、粉尘等)治疗肺部疾病的一种方法.根据灌洗范围、灌洗量和方法的不同,可分为小容量支气管肺泡灌洗术( bronchoalveolar lavage,BAL)和大容量全肺灌洗术(whole lung lavage,WLL).我们就治疗性肺灌洗术的历史、技术方法、安全性及其临床应用进行综述。
Schizophrenia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic mental illness of unknown aetiology for which there is presently no cure. However, over a century’s worth of research has resulted in important pathophysiological and therapeutic findings. Though strongly heritable, schizophrenia is a highly polygenic illness involving very small effects across hundreds of common variants. Small reductions in brain volume have been repeatedly documented, as well as an increment in striatal dopaminergic release. The most reliably effective treatment involves agents that block dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum, which though similarly efficacious, vary in terms of their side-effect profile. Only one drug, clozapine, has been found to be effective in schizophrenia patients who fail with other antipsychotic drugs. There is clearly a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating illness.
Judgments of honest and deceptive communication in art forgery controversies: two field studies testing truth-default theory’s projected motive model in Korea

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two field studies investigated people’s inferences about the honesty or deceptiveness of two Korean artists whose work may or may not have been forged. Based on the projective motive model from truth-default theory, it was anticipated that judgments of honesty would be impacted by people’s perceptions of the artist’s apparent motive for lying. The results of both studies were consistent with the importance of apparent motives. The role of internal attributions was also assessed for veracity judgment. Internal attributions may be more common as explanations for honesty than deception. The data provide additional evidence of the cross-cultural applicability of truth-default theory.
Astrocytic HIV-1 Nef Expression Decreases Glutamate Transporter Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Increases Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Cocaine use disorder is an intersecting issue in populations with HIV-1, further exacerbating the clinical course of the disease and contributing to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Cocaine and HIV neurotoxins play roles in neuronal damage during neuroHIV progression by disrupting glutamate homeostasis in the brain. Even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 Nef, an early viral protein expressed in approximately 1% of infected astrocytes, remains a key neurotoxin. This study investigates the relationship among Nef, glutamate homeostasis, and cocaine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical brain region associated with drug motivation and reward. Methods: Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used to compare the effects of astrocytic Nef and cocaine by molecular analysis of glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and the cysteine glutamate exchanger (xCT), in the NAc. Behavioral assessments for cocaine self-administration were used to evaluate cocaine-seeking behavior. Results: The findings indicate that both cocaine and Nef independently decrease the expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the NAc. Additionally, rats with astrocytic Nef expression exhibited increased cocaine-seeking behavior but demonstrated sex-dependent molecular differences after the behavioral paradigm. Conclusions: The results suggest that the expression of Nef intensifies cocaine-induced alterations in glutamate homeostasis in the NAc, potentially underlying increased cocaine-seeking behavior. Understanding these interactions better may inform therapeutic strategies for managing cocaine use disorder in HIV-infected individuals.
Reduction of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Cancer Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia After Protective Environment Implementation May Save Costs in a Developing Country: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) represent a serious threat for severely immunocompromised patients. Infection control interventions, including protective environment (PE) implementation, are essential to reduce IFI incidence, mortality and burden of hospitalization, among high-risk patients. Information about the impact of these strategies in cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN), in developing countries, is insufficient. Objectives: To assess the impact of PE implementation on IFI incidence, consumption and cost of antifungal treatment, in a general, tertiary teaching hospital, in Southern Brazil. Patients and Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study to evaluate an institutional intervention, in a hospital ward, for patients with CIN, which consisted in renovation of the ward and measures involving air-quality technologies installation, the main one being high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Simultaneously, infection control routines were implemented. Neutropenic patients, admitted to any other hospital ward, prior to the renovation, were included in the historical control group. The IFI incidence was defined, according to the criteria proposed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Direct costs of antifungal drugs were recorded, for all neutropenic patients. Results: A total of 190 and 181 hospital admissions were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Total IFI incidence was reduced in the PE group (7.4% vs. 18.2%; P = 0.002) and the same was observed when considering only proven and probable IFI (1.6% vs. 8.3%; P = 0.003). This benefit persisted even after adjusting for antifungal prophylaxis (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.05 â 0.60). We observed a decreasing trend in molds and yeasts IFI incidence, in the intervention group. Although the final cost of antifungal agents was lower, after intervention (78347.37 USD vs. 154176.60 USD), the median cost per admission did not differ between groups (1.00 USD = 1.9 Brazilian Real, in May 2007). Considering all admissions with IFI, the median cost was significantly higher than recorded in admissions without IFI. Conclusions: This study showed that preventive measures, including PE implementation, reduce IFI incidence in patients with CIN, admitted in a hospital in a developing country. This suggests that those strategies may overcome their costs on the long-term, by saving costs associated with fungal infections.
Fabrication and Tribology Properties of Cr-Coated Cemented Carbide under Dry Friction Conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To improve the surface friction characteristics of cemented carbide, a Cr coating was deposited on cemented carbide substrate with the multiple arc plating technique. The surface and cross-section micrographs, adhesion force and micro-hardness of the Cr-coated cemented carbide were tested. The anti-friction and anti-wear behaviors of cemented carbide with and without Cr coating were investigated via the sliding friction test against a WC/Co ball. The tribological properties of cemented carbide were examined using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The test results showed that Cr-coated cemented carbide possessed good adhesion properties and lower hardness. The average coefficient of friction for Cr-coated cemented carbide was reduced by 10–20% compared with that of an uncoated one. The primary wear modes of the Cr-coated sample were delamination of coating, flaking and abrasion wear. It can be found that the preparation of a Cr coating is an effective way to enhance the friction and wear performance of traditional cemented carbide.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Time course of isotonic shortening and the underlying contraction mechanism in airway smooth muscle.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although the structure of the contractile unit in smooth muscle is poorly understood, some of the mechanical properties of the muscle suggest that a sliding-filament mechanism, similar to that in striated muscle, is also operative in smooth muscle. To test the applicability of this mechanism to smooth muscle function, we have constructed a mathematical model based on a hypothetical structure of the smooth muscle contractile unit: a side-polar myosin filament sandwiched by actin filaments, each attached to the equivalent of a Z disk. Model prediction of isotonic shortening as a function of time was compared with data from experiments using ovine tracheal smooth muscle. After equilibration and establishment of in situ length, the muscle was stimulated with ACh (100 μM) until force reached a plateau. The muscle was then allowed to shorten isotonically against various loads. From the experimental records, length-force and force-velocity relationships were obtained. Integration of the hyperbolic force-velocity relationship and the linear length-force relationship yielded an exponential function that approximated the time course of isotonic shortening generated by the modeled sliding-filament mechanism. However, to obtain an accurate fit, it was necessary to incorporate a viscoelastic element in series with the sliding-filament mechanism. The results suggest that a large portion of the shortening is due to filament sliding associated with muscle activation and that a small portion is due to continued deformation associated with an element that shows viscoelastic or power-law creep after a step change in force. PMID: 21636567 Funding information This work was supported by: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Grant ID: MOP-37924 Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Grant ID: MOP-13271
The scent of literature

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the effects of hedonic odour context on cognitive and affective processes involved in reading literary excerpts. A total of 32 undergraduate subjects smelled pleasant and unpleasant odours, while reading eight passages that touched upon positive or negative subject matter and were either engaged or detached in style, in a fully counterbalanced within-subjects design. After each reading episode, subjects rated passage and odour on fourteen 7-point scales. In accordance with a hedonic congruence hypothesis, odours should affect the reading process when there was a fit between the hedonic tone of the textual properties (subject matter or style) and the odours (pleasant/unpleasant). Results supported this hypothesis showing that positive subject matter and engaged style combined with pleasant odour to bring the story to life and evoke the most images and feelings. Passages with negative subject matter were not readily affected by the hedonic odour context. These findings replicated earlier research involving paintings viewed in a hedonic odour context. Gender differences also revealed that males, compared with females, found episodes read in the context of unpleasant odours to be more involving and personally meaningful, and they could more readily identify with the characters.
Ferroptosis Involvement in Glioblastoma Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain tumors. Current standard therapy includes tumor resection surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the tumors invasive nature, recurrences are almost a certainty, giving the patients after diagnosis only a 12–15 months average survival time. Therefore, there is a dire need of finding new therapies that could potentially improve patient outcomes. Ferroptosis is a newly described form of cell death with several implications in cancer, among which GBM. Agents that target different molecules involved in ferroptosis and that stimulate this process have been described as potentially adjuvant anti-cancer treatment options. In GBM, ferroptosis stimulation inhibits tumor growth, improves patient survival, and increases the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding ferroptosis modulation in GBM.
Continuing professional development of a Mathematics teacher

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of a mathematics teacher involved in a FAPESP research project that studies the potential of implementing teaching through interdisciplinary projects that have statistical education as an integrating axis. It seeks to answer these questions: what teacher learning was evidenced by the teacher in her narratives, and which perspective of Continuing Professional Development generated such learning? To answer those two questions, a narrative investigation is taken not only as a methodology but also as a way to construct reality since it is anchored as an ontology. The narrative favors evidence about the experience perceived and seen as an account, capturing the details and richness of human affairs’ meanings, based on evidence from the world and life. Experience is reconstructed by reflecting on what was lived and giving sense to what happened. Holistic analysis of the form will help find the best expression for the plots expressed in the accounts. The results reveal the practice of a teacher-researcher who autonomously exercises her teaching to include actions of creativity, self-criticism, collaboration, self-ethics, and reflexivity brought about by continuing professional development based on reimagination.