jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aluminum-1,1,1-trichloroethane. Reactions and inhibition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAluminum-1,1,1-trichloroethane. Reactions and inhibitionWesley L. ArcherCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1982, 21, 4, 670–672Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300008a032https://doi.org/10.1021/i300008a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods and their processing environments as detected by duplex PCR

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure targeting the genes gyrB and tl was established for specific identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafoods and processing environments. It could detect as few as 2.5 × 10 2 colony‐forming units mL −1 in pure cultures. Direct detection of V. parahaemolyticus was also possible from artificially contaminated shrimp samples if combined with proteinase treatment. The homogeneous colonies on thiosulfate/citrate/bile salts/sucrose agar suspected to be V. parahaemolyticus or closely related species ( n = 37) out of 259 samples of seafoods and processing environments were identified using the conventional method and duplex PCR. Both methods identified 17 isolates as V. parahaemolyticus from among the suspected isolates. Only one of the 17 V. parahaemolyticus isolates possessed the thermostable direct haemolysin gene ( tdh ) fragment as detected by different primer pairs in single PCR. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Cranial Anatomy and Palaeoneurology of the Archosaur Riojasuchus tenuisceps from the Los Colorados Formation, La Rioja, Argentina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Riojasuchus tenuisceps Bonaparte 1967 is currently known from four specimens, including two complete skulls, collected in the late 1960s from the upper levels of the Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic), La Rioja, Argentina. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the skulls of the holotype and a referred specimen of Riojasuchus tenuisceps and the repreparation of the latter allows recognition of new features for a detailed analysis of its cranial anatomy and its comparison with a wide variety of other archosauriform taxa. The diagnosis of Riojasuchus tenuisceps is emended and two autapomorphies are identified on the skull: (1) a deep antorbital fossa with its anterior and ventral edges almost coinciding with the same edges of the maxilla itself and (2) a suborbital fenestra equal in size to the palatine-pterygoid fenestra. Also, the first digital 3D reconstruction of the encephalon of Riojasuchus tenuisceps was carried out to study its neuroanatomy, showing a shape and cranial nerve disposition consistent to that of other pseudosuchians.
Difference-in-Differences for Ordinal Outcomes: Application to the Effect of Mass Shootings on Attitudes toward Gun Control

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The difference-in-differences (DID) design is widely used in observational studies to estimate the causal effect of a treatment when repeated observations over time are available. Yet, almost all existing methods assume linearity in the potential outcome (parallel trends assumption) and target the additive effect. In social science research, however, many outcomes of interest are measured on an ordinal scale. This makes the linearity assumption inappropriate because the difference between two ordinal potential outcomes is not well defined. In this paper, I propose a method to draw causal inferences for ordinal outcomes under the DID design. Unlike existing methods, the proposed method utilizes the latent variable framework to handle the non-numeric nature of the outcome, enabling identification and estimation of causal effects based on the assumption on the quantile of the latent continuous variable. The paper also proposes an equivalence-based test to assess the plausibility of the key identification assumption when additional pre-treatment periods are available. The proposed method is applied to a study estimating the causal effect of mass shootings on the public's support for gun control. I find little evidence for a uniform shift toward pro-gun control policies as found in the previous study, but find that the effect is concentrated on left-leaning respondents who experienced the shooting for the first time in more than a decade.
Liver transplantation for alcohol-associated liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in many countries, including the United States. However, LT for ALD is a complex and evolving field with ethical, social, and medical challenges. Thus, it requires a multidisciplinary approach and individualized decision-making. Short-term and long-term patient and graft survival of patients undergoing LT for ALD are comparable to other indications, but there is a continued need to develop better tools to identify patients who may benefit from LT, improve the pretransplant and posttransplant management of ALD, and evaluate the impact of LT for ALD on the organ donation and transplantation systems. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on LT for ALD, from alcohol-associated hepatitis to decompensated alcohol-associated cirrhosis. We discuss the indications, criteria, outcomes, and controversies of LT for these conditions and highlight the knowledge gaps and research priorities in this field.
[The concentration of sialylated glycoproteins in the sera of alcohol dependent men].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alcohol abuse leads to the alterations of sialylated glycoproteins concentrations in the blood, what is a proof of disturbances in their synthesis in the liver. The direction of these changes is typical of acute phase reaction. The quantitative alterations may accompany the qualitative changes in the form of glycosylation disturbances, what is documented by the increased concentration of low sialylated isoforms of transfferin.
Data from PTEN Protein Loss by Immunostaining: Analytic Validation and Prognostic Indicator for a High Risk Surgical Cohort of Prostate Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Analytically validated assays to interrogate biomarker status in clinical samples are crucial for personalized medicine. <i>PTEN</i> is a tumor suppressor commonly inactivated in prostate cancer that has been mechanistically linked to disease aggressiveness. Though deletion of <i>PTEN</i>, as detected by cumbersome FISH spot counting assays, is associated with poor prognosis, few studies have validated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays to determine whether loss of PTEN protein is associated with unfavorable disease.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> PTEN IHC was validated by employing formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded isogenic human cell lines containing or lacking intact <i>PTEN</i> alleles. PTEN IHC was 100% sensitive and 97.8% specific for detecting genomic alterations in 58 additional cell lines. PTEN protein loss was then assessed on 376 prostate tumor samples, and <i>PTEN</i> FISH or high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis was done on a subset of these cases.</p><p><b>Results:</b> PTEN protein loss, as assessed as a dichotomous IHC variable, was highly reproducible, correlated strongly with adverse pathologic features (e.g., Gleason score and pathologic stage), detected between 75% and 86% of cases with <i>PTEN</i> genomic loss, and was found at times in the absence of apparent genomic loss. In a cohort of 217 high risk surgically treated patients, PTEN protein loss was associated with decreased time to metastasis.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> These studies validate a simple method to interrogate PTEN status in clinical specimens and support the utility of this test in future multicenter studies, clinical trials, and ultimately perhaps for routine clinical care. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6563–73. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Bifurcation Analysis of Frequency Locking in a Semiconductor Laser with Phase-Conjugate Feedback

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a detailed study of the external-cavity modes (ECMs) of a semiconductor laser with phase-conjugate feedback. Mathematically, lasers with feedback are modeled by delay differential equations (DDEs) with an infinite-dimensional phase space. We employ new numerical bifurcation tools for DDEs to continue steady states and periodic orbits, irrespective of their stability. In this way, we show that the periodic orbits corresponding to the ECMs are connected to the steady state solution associated with the locking range of the laser. We also identify symmetric and nonsymmetric homoclinic orbits and hysteresis in the system.
US 4,996,255 fire retardant polycarbonate copolymer blends

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The limitations of the traditional material design approach in driving properties to extreme values and handling multiple design criteria and variables can be overcome by applying the optimization approach. Fiber-reinforced cement based composites based on strong aggregates and exhibiting approximately bilinear fiber pullout behavior are optimized in the present study for a given compressive strength f′c with a view to maximizing their uniaxial tensile strength f′t and fracture energy GF. Relations for the bridging stresses prior to and during fiber pullout are established using fracture mechanics. The mix design leads to nonlinear, single, or multicriterion maximization problems for the objective functions f′t and lch = EGF/f′t2 (characteristic length), subject to an equality constraint on f′c. In this way, optimal values for the microstructural parameters (fracture toughness of paste, length of fiber, and volume fractions and diameters of aggregate and fiber) are obtained.
Attitudes of South African taxpayers towards taxation : a pilot study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The South African Minister of Finance, Trevor Manuel stated that the obligation to pay one’s fair share of taxes as and when they fall due is part of the new morality which democratic governance must inculcate in every South African. He accepted that tax evasion and fraud are among the most insidious forms of criminality that plague the South African society and that millions of Rand are diverted everyday from the fiscus by tax criminals. Limited research on taxpayers’ perceptions has been performed in South Africa. It is of utmost importance to determine taxpayers’ perceptions towards taxation in order, not only to influence Government policy regarding taxation but also to enable Government to market itself and its services more effectively to the general public. This paper reports the results of a pilot study of a larger research project carried out amongst South African taxpayers by means of personal, face-to-face interviews with a structured and semi-structured questionnaire administered at respondents’ homes. Although the majority of the respondents did not feel it is unfair to pay tax, all of the respondents were of the opinion that waste and corruption in government is high. In addition, the majority of the respondents felt that taxes is used by government for meaningless purposes and that the government does not provide enough information about how they utilise taxpayers’ money. The respondents, therefore, felt that tax rates should be reduced. One of the most effective tools for making people more positive is to empower them with knowledge. It is submitted that there is no better tool for government to positively influence the taxpayers of a democracy than to provide them with knowledge on how taxpayers’ money is utilised.
'If you show your real face, you'll lose 10 000 followers': The gaze of the other and transformations of shame in digitalized relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This essay examines the significance and transformation of shame in the context of digitalization, in particular, the psychosocial and psychological consequences of shifts in the boundaries between public and private manifest in the contemporary digital world. Moreover, it will examine the dynamic relationships of shame, humiliation and shamelessness as they develop in digital environments characterized by the dissolution of physical and communicative presence, as well as the, in turn, changing functions, ambivalences and affective pitfalls of self-presentation. On the basis of descriptions and commentaries by contemporary adolescents on the significance of social networks and on their own digital self-presentation, it will identify mechanisms for dealing with the imagined, projected or abnegated gaze of the other in the net.
Ethic of Care

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Feminist scholars have developed the concept of an ethic of care, positing an approach to morality focused around caring and drawing on earlier arguments about morality based on nurturing/mothering, co‐operation, and sustained relationships. Sara Ruddick (1989) espoused an ethics focused around “maternal thinking” (attentive love and trust), used to transform private relations of love and caring into public discussions of peace. Nel Noddings (1984) similarly suggested that an ethic of caring could help create moral people, criticizing dominant ethical approaches as problematically placing principles above persons.
Whole blood platelet aggregation in moderate and severe pre‐eclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective To compare whole blood platelet aggregation in moderate and severe pre‐eclampsia with normal pregnancy. Design Whole blood platelet aggregation in response to collagen, ADP, PAF, adrenalin and arachidonic acid was measured in the pre‐eclampsia group at 36 weeks gestation and at 1, 24 and 48 h and at five days and six weeks post delivery. The normal pregnancy group were studied serially at 12, 20, 28, 32, and 36 weeks gestation and at 1, 24, 48 h and six weeks post delivery. Setting Trinity College Medical School, St James's Hospital, Dublin. Subjects Thirty women with diagnosed pre‐eclampsia were recruited for the study. Fifteen of these women had severe pre‐eclampsia and the remaining 15 had moderate disease. The pre‐eclampsia group were compared with 20 healthy primigravid women with uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries. Results In women with severe pre‐eclampsia, platelet aggregation in response to collagen, ADP, adrenalin and arachidonic acid was significantly lower at 36 weeks gestation compared with normal pregnancy. Lower levels of collagen induced aggregation were also found at 1 h post delivery when compared with normal pregnancy. Women with moderate pre‐eclampsia showed a decreased response to aggregating agents at 36 weeks gestation but this was not significant. ADP, collagen and PAF induced aggregation was higher in women with moderate pre‐eclampsia at 36 weeks gestation and during the early puerperium compared with severe pre‐eclampsia. Conclusions The clinical signs of pre‐eclampsia are accompanied by a reduction in platelet responsiveness, the extent of which is related to the severity of the disease. This suggests that an abnormal platelet activation occurs early in pregnancies destined to be complicated by pre‐eclampsia. This activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia since its inhibition using low dose aspirin has been shown to modify the disease in high risk pregnancies.
Bilateral Exercise-Induced Compartment Syndrome of the Thigh and Leg Associated with

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ompartment syndrome of the thigh is an infrequent phenomenon, and it is even more rare for it to occur as a result of exercise. The vast majority of cases are associated with femoral fractures, thigh contusions, prolonged compression, and/or vascular injuries1,2. A search of the English-language literature revealed only eleven cases caused by intense or prolonged exercise (Table I). More importantly, we found only one reported case of bilateral thigh and leg compartment syndrome, the outcome of which was death secondary to multiorgan failure3. We are presenting what we believe is the first report on a survivor of exercise-induced compartment syndrome of both thighs and legs. Follow-up at fourteen months demonstrated reasonable functional recov-ery despite life-threatening medical complications and the de-velopment of massive heterotopic ossification.
HEPATITIS C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In response to "Who's Afraid of Hepatitis C?" (May), I want to point out that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) lives on dry surfaces for extended periods of time; the hepatitis C virus (HCV) doesn't. The CDC recommends isolation of patients with HBV, not HCV. Patients with HBV may not participate in dialyzer reuse programs, but HCV patients can. It's currently not a standard in the dialysis community to even screen patients for HCV. As long as we utilize universal precautions, HCV is not "the most menacing virus"-HBV is. Lynda K. Ball, BSN, RN, CNN Everett, WA
Moyens d'existence, diffusion des innovations, approche genre et adaptation au changement climatique dans les exploitations agricoles familiales des Hautes Terres du Vakinankaratra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research report, carried out as part of the EcoAfrica project, presents the results of a survey conducted in late 2018 among 405 randomly selected farms in the Highlands zone of the Vakinankaratra region. In the first part, it provides information on the level of adoption of innovations disseminated over the past two decades, on the place of women in decision-making, and on farmers' perceptions of climate change.In the second part it characterizes the zone's farms with quantitative data on production factors and livelihoods. It presents the performance of farms in their agricultural and livestock production activities. Finally, it presents overall incomes (agricultural and non-agricultural) and their composition, and compares them with the updated poverty line and the minimum wage (SMIG).
Frequency analysis of postural change during caloric stimulation in mann.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To clarify the influence of vestibular stimulation on upright standing, we analyze postural changes during caloric stimulation with cold water (20°C, 10°C, and 0°C). The power spectra of body sway were computed by a fast Fourier transform program. A relative decrease of frequency amplitude from 0.05-0.2Hz was observed in the X and 0.05-0.15Hz in the Y axis component. The presence of a frequency of about 0.3Hz was manifest in the X and of 0.2Hz in the Y axis component. When the stimulus was increased, the initial peak of the spectrum spread to the 0.3-0.5Hz band in the X and to the 0.2-0.5Hz band in the Y axis component. From these results, we concluded that postural changes during caloric stimulation have two components, postural deviation and body sway, and the transitional band is about 0.1-0.2Hz. We picked out a slow wave (less than 0.15Hz) from the linear stabilogram with a digital filter using a microcomputer. It seems that the neuronal mechanism of postural deviation and body sway are not the same.
Inactivation of nuclear histone deacetylases disrupts the MiCEE complex in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and highly lethal disease. The majority of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are important regulators of different nuclear processes by controlling chromatin structure. However, the full extent of ncRNA function has remained elusive. We showed that the MiCEE complex mediated silencing of bi-directional expressed genes in lung epithelial and mesenchymal cells. However, the clinical relevance of these findings was not known.
10.1063/5.0143362.3

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We consider the motion of a thin elastic plate with non-uniform thickness. The plate is either submerged and has some inclination with the vertical or is floating on the upper surface of the water. Green's function arising from the fourth-order boundary condition for the non-uniform plate (which we refer to as plate Green's function) is determined using two different methods in terms of the vibrating modes of the plate. These, in turn, are derived from the modes of a plate with constant thickness. The problem is finally reduced to a boundary integral equation involving the plate Green's function and the fundamental Green's function. This equation is hypersingular in the case of a submerged plate. A numerical solution to the integral equation is used to find results for elastic plates with variable thicknesses. The results are validated by comparing them with those of an elastic plate with uniform thickness. We also present simulations of the time-domain motion when the plate–fluid system is subject to an incident wave pulse using Fourier transform.
[Inhibitory action of non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs on prostaglandin synthesis and release (author's transl)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inhibitory action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)on the synthesis and release of prostaglandin (PG) was studied both in vivo and in vitro. In the experiment with PG synthetase from beef seminal vesicle, the potency of NSAID on the inhibitory action of PGE synthesis was: flurbiprofen greater than 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid (CH-800) greater than indomethacin greater than diclofenac-NA greater than aspirin. Inflamed synovial tissue, as induced 6 hours after carrageenin injection into the knee joint cavity of rats was used to examine the inhibitory action of NSAID on PGE release from the tissue. Both in vivo and in vitro, CH-800 was the most potent and flurbiprofen and indomethacin were next potent of the five drugs. Effects of NSAID on the excretion of PGE and PG main urinary metabolite (PGMUM) in rat urine were determined. The excretion of urinary PGE was significantly decreased by administration of NSAID. Flurbiprofen and CH-800 had the most potent inhibitory action on the excretion of PGEMUM, but the urinary excretion of PGFMUM was not significantly inhibited by NSAID. Thus, the inhibitory effects of NSAID associated with PG synthesis were generally in proportion to the effect of the drugs with PG synthetase, however, there were differences regarding PG synthesis in inflamed tissue and the urinary excretion of PG metabolites.