jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The circadian protein BMAL1 supports endothelial cell cycle during angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims The circadian clock is an internal biological timer that co-ordinates physiology and gene expression with the 24-h solar day. Circadian clock perturbations have been associated to vascular dysfunctions in mammals, and a function of the circadian clock in angiogenesis has been suggested. However, the functional role of the circadian clock in endothelial cells (ECs) and in the regulation of angiogenesis is widely unexplored. Methods and results Here, we used both in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate that ECs possess an endogenous molecular clock and show robust circadian oscillations of core clock genes. By impairing the EC-specific function of the circadian clock transcriptional activator basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) in vivo, we detect angiogenesis defects in mouse neonatal vascular tissues, as well as in adult tumour angiogenic settings. We then investigate the function of circadian clock machinery in cultured EC and show evidence that BMAL and circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput knock-down impair EC cell cycle progression. By using an RNA- and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing genome-wide approaches, we identified that BMAL1 binds the promoters of CCNA1 and CDK1 genes and controls their expression in ECs. Conclusion(s) Our findings show that EC display a robust circadian clock and that BMAL1 regulates EC physiology in both developmental and pathological contexts. Genetic alteration of BMAL1 can affect angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro settings.
PERUBAHAN POLA PIKIR PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN VIRTUAL SELAMA MASA PANDEMI DI SMA BPI 1 BANDUNG

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Changes in Students' Mindset Against Virtual Learning During the Pandemic Period at SMA BPI 1 Bandung. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in the mindset of students towards virtual learning during the pandemic through the use of online media including zoom at SMA BPI 1 Bandung. The approach used in this research is qualitative, with a case study method determined by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the change in the mindset of students towards virtual learning during the pandemic at SMA BPI 1 Bandung was heading for a better direction. The use of various online teaching media so that students know and learn new applications, so they are challenged to be actively involved during the learning process. Students' efforts to hone learning applications are also carried out in various ways, such as self-taught, asking peers or via YouTube, and participating in various seminar activities.Keywords: Change, Mindset, Virtual LearningAbstrak: Perubahan Pola Pikir Peserta Didik Terhadap Pembelajaran Virtual Selama Masa Pandemi di SMA BPI 1 Bandung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeksripsikan perubahan pola pikir peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran virtual selama masa pandemic melalui penggunaan media daring termasuk zoom di SMA BPI 1 Bandung. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian menggunakan kualitatif, dengan metode studi kasus yang ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perubahan pola pikir peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran virtual selama masa pandemi di SMA BPI 1 Bandung menuju ke arah yang lebih baik. Penggunaan berbagai media ajar secara daring sehingga peserta didik mengenal dan belajar aplikasi baru, dengan begitu mereka tertantang untuk ikut aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Upaya peserta didik dalam mengasah aplikasi belajar pun dilakukan dengan berbagai cara seperti belajar otodidak, bertanya kepada teman sebaya atau melalui youtube, serta mengikuti berbagai kegiatan seminar.Kata kunci: Perubahan, Pola Pikir, Pembelajaran Virtual
"An Indispensable Feature"? Constitutionalism and Judicial Review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Cooper v. Aaron,1 an opinion drafted by Justice William Brennan and delivered by Chief Justice Earl Warren for a unanimous Court,2 the Supreme Court provided an influential gloss on Marbury v. Madison and its declaration of the power of judicial review.3 Marbury, the Court asserted in Cooper, declared the “basic constitutional proposition” that “the federal judiciary is supreme in the exposition of the law of the Constitution, and that principle has ever since been respected by this Court and the country as a permanent and indispensable feature of our constitutional system.”4 In many ways, of course, it is true that judicial review, and the kind of judicial supremacy the Court articulated in Cooper, has been understood as an indispensable feature of the American constitutional system. One of the useful things about Jeremy Waldron’s book Law and Disagreement5 is that it provides a basic challenge to this idea. Waldron asks whether judicial review is a unique and idiosyncratic aspect of the American constitutional system, one that is dispensable to constitutionalism more broadly; and whether it would be possible to have a constitutional system that did not include judicial review. This is an interesting and an important question, one that is not ordinarily given enough attention.6
Transformative learning via integrated projects with Sustainable Development Goals and innovations.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, the popularization of integrated learning and digital transformation in curriculum design has brought great discussion to our knowledge-based society. It is beneficial to promote the use of digitally integrated project learning in higher education. This paper aims to explore the key elements of disruptive learning with impacts. Through qualitative analysis of factors potentially related to transformative education with selected eight articles published from 2021 to 2022, the factors for transformative education have been identified: real-time assignment, new ways to sustain, and disruptive learning which are well supported by two case studies related to Web 3.0. It is believed that part of the future of education is to integrate Web 3.0 technology into the process of content creation and preservation with values for sustainable development for social responsibility. We need to think about the triangulation among assignment/activity/event design, use of technology for impacts and quality of story conveyed for disruptions in learning. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Web 3.0 technology are recommended to integrate into SDGs-related projects for creating value in learning for responsible businesses. However, this kind of disruptive mindset in curriculum design with digital transformation and innovations needs to have good practices to support the findings mentioned in this paper.
Validation of right ventricular pacing response during supraventricular tachycardia in mechanistic diagnosis (transition zone)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundRight ventricular pacing (RVP) during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) produces progressive QRS fusion before the QRS morphology becomes stable. This transition zone (TZ) may provide useful information for differentiating orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) from atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia and atrial tachycardia independent of entrainment success.Methods and resultsWe studied the effect of properly timed RVP on atrial timing during the TZ in 63 patients with SVT who had RVP within 40 ms of the tachycardia cycle length. The TZ during RVP includes progressively fused QRS complexes and the first paced complex with a stable QRS morphology based on analysis of the 12-lead ECG. We also measured the stimulus–atrial (SA) interval from the end of the TZ and with each QRS complex thereafter until pacing was terminated or ventriculoatrial block occurred. A fixed SA interval was defined as variation less than or equal to 10 ms during RVP. Atrial pre-excitation, postexcitation, or SVT termination with abrupt ventriculoatrial block was observed within the TZ in 19 of 22 patients with ORT. A fixed SA interval was established within the TZ in 22 of 22 patients with ORT. At least one of these two responses was observed in all patients with ORT. Only four patients out of 36 with atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia showed atrial pre-excitation within TZ and only four patients showed fixed SA within TZ. None of the atrial tachycardia patients had atrial timing perturbed or a fixed SA interval established within the TZ.ConclusionDuring RVP within 40 ms of the tachycardia cycle length, ORT is the likely mechanism when atrial timing is perturbed or a fixed SA interval is established within the TZ.
Pure Coulomb tensor interaction in the Dirac equation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work we compute bound solutions for particles and antiparticles of the Dirac equation for a pure tensor radial Coulomb potential plus a constant. We find that the binding depends on the sign of the tensor constant potential, and allows only bound solutions for a certain sign and magnitude of the kappa quantum number, which is related to the spin-orbit coupling in the Dirac equation. This relation is reversed for antiparticle solutions. On the other hand, the Coulomb tensor potential, although not binding, changes the range of kappa values for which there are bound solutions.
Changes in biochemical parameters related to atherosclerosis after Helicobacter pylori eradication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Background Recent evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori infection is involved in the pathogenesis of extra‐gastrointestinal diseases such as coronary heart disease. Aim To determine the association of H. pylori infection with biochemical parameters of atherosclerosis in the serum. Methods One hundred and fifty‐nine patients with H. pylori ‐positive peptic ulcer (duodenal ulcer, n=89; gastric ulcer, n=70) receiving triple therapy were studied prospectively for up to 3 years for clinical parameters associated with inflammation and cardiovascular events. Blood was tested at the time of annual check‐up. Results Eradication was successful in 137 patients (86%), and body weight, body mass index (BMI) and TG levels increased gradually each year. No significant hanges were seen in plasma levels of total cholesterol, interleukin‐6 or interleukin‐8, whereas those of HDL‐C increased significantly, and those of C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen and LDL‐C decreased. Conclusion There is evidence for the possible implication of H. pylori infection in the etiology of cardiovascular events via its exacerbation of or influence on risk factors of atherogenesis.
The Dynamics of Leakage in Bent Axis Units Without Timing Gear

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bent axis hydraulic pumps and motors are extremely popular due to their high efficiency and large speed range. A number of different concepts exist with respect to kinematic restraints on the cylinder barrel motion. Some manufacturers rely upon a timing gear for precise synchronization of the shaft and barrel speeds while other companies have successfully introduced bent axis units without such a mechanism. The paper analyses the dynamics of bent axis machines with tapered pistons driving the cylinder barrel. A rotation of the pistons inside the corresponding bores is proposed to result in changing cylinder chamber to case drain leakages. The reported phenomenon is shown to have a significant effect on the low frequency part of pressure and flow pulsations. In this way, frequency components far below the fundamental frequency associated with the shaft revolution are generated.
Sepsis At The Surgical Site: Emerging Trends, Challenges, And Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Sepsis at the surgical site (SSIs leading to sepsis) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Effective prevention and management strategies are critical for improving patient outcomes. This study also includes an analysis of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to sepsis resulting from surgical site infections (SSIs), comparing their outcomes with non-ICU patients. This study aims to explore the emerging trends, challenges, and management practices related to surgical site sepsis. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the incidence and management of sepsis at surgical sites. Specifically, the study aims to identify the challenges healthcare professionals face in preventing and managing SSIs, evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, and assess the role of early intervention practices like the "Hour-1 Bundle." Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected through structured questionnaires administered to healthcare professionals, including surgeons, intensivists nurses, medical officers and infection control specialists. The sample consisted of 250 healthcare workers selected using stratified random sampling from both public and private healthcare settings. The survey included Likert-scale items to capture perceptions and experiences regarding sepsis management. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including normality tests, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability, Spearman’s rank correlation for relationships, and regression analysis for prediction. Results: The results indicated that sepsis at surgical sites continues to be a prevalent issue, with significant challenges in timely diagnosis and management. The study found strong correlations between the Application of the Hour-1 Bundle and the Effectiveness of Source Control, suggesting that early intervention improves outcomes. However, Delayed Diagnosis Factors were negatively correlated with the ability to manage sepsis effectively, highlighting the importance of early recognition. Conclusions: The study concludes that addressing delayed diagnosis, improving antibiotic stewardship, and enhancing infection control measures are essential for effective sepsis management at surgical sites. Furthermore, revising the survey instrument to improve reliability will be crucial for future research in this area.
Characterization of the monovalent cation activator binding site of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase by 205Tl NMR of enzyme-bound Tl+.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure of the binding site for the monovalent cation activator of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase from Escherichia coli has been characterized by 205Tl NMR of enzyme-bound Tl+. The chemical shift of the enzyme-Tl+ complex is 176 ppm downfield from aquo Tl+, a shift which is typical only of Tl+ complexes with solely oxygen ligands. The 205Tl resonance shifts upfield to 85 ppm in the enzyme-Mg(II)-Tl+ complex, to 38 ppm in the enzyme-Tl+-AdoMet complex and to 34 ppm in the enzyme-Tl+-AdoMet-Mg(II) complex. The 205Tl chemical shift of enzyme-bound Tl+ was not altered by binding of either methionine, or the Mg(II)-ATP analog Mg(II)-adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, or Mg(II)-pyrophosphate to the enzyme-Tl+-Mg(II) complex. The NMR data suggest that the substrates or products of the enzyme do not coordinate to the monovalent cation activator and imply that monovalent cation activation results from alterations in protein conformation.
Ultrasound‐Mediated Antibiotic Delivery to In Vivo Biofilm Infections: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Bacterial biofilms are a significant concern in various medical contexts due to their resilience to our immune system as well as antibiotic therapy. Biofilms often require surgical removal and frequently lead to recurrent or chronic infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved strategies to treat biofilm infections. Ultrasound‐mediated drug delivery is a technique that combines ultrasound application, often with the administration of acoustically‐active agents, to enhance drug delivery to specific target tissues or cells within the body. This method involves using ultrasound waves to assist in the transportation or activation of medications, improving their penetration, distribution, and efficacy at the desired site. The advantages of ultrasound‐mediated drug delivery include targeted and localized delivery, reduced systemic side effects, and improved efficacy of the drug at lower doses. This review scrutinizes recent advances in the application of ultrasound‐mediated drug delivery for treating biofilm infections, focusing on in vivo studies. We examine the strengths and limitations of this technology in the context of wound infections, device‐associated infections, lung infections and abscesses, and discuss current gaps in knowledge and clinical translation considerations.
Status of Coffee Intake in South Korea: Analysis of 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of coffee intake in South Korea by analyzing the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results showed that 52.3% of Koreans consumed coffee at least once a day. Males consumed coffee more frequently than females and those aged 20-39 years and 40-59 years consumed coffee most frequently. Coffee drinkers consumed coffee two times a day and 138 mL each time on average. Coffee was mainly consumed either at home (44.8%) or in the workplace (36.1%); males drank coffee most frequently in the workplace and females did so at home. Milk coffee including coffee from vending machines and coffee mix (73.8%) was the most common type of coffee consumed. The results of this study would extend the understanding of the general status of coffee intake in South Korea, which has shown steady growth but remains a relatively overlooked research area.
Experimental and theoretical study on high-temperature creep of VT6 titanium alloy under multi-axial loading conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the framework of damage mechanics, we discuss a new mathematical model that describes the kinetics of the stress–strain state and damage accumulation during material degradation by the mechanism of long-term strength under complex multiaxial stress state. An experimental and theoretical technique is proposed for determination of material parameters and scalar constitutive functions for damaged media based on specially set experiments on laboratory specimens. The results of experimental studies and numerical simulations of short-term high-temperature creep of VT6 titanium alloy under uniaxial and multiaxial loading are presented. Numerical results are compared with the data obtained through experiments. Particular attention is paid to simulating the process of unsteady creep for complex deformation modes, accompanied by rotation of main areas of stress, strain and creep strain tensors. It is shown that the developed version of the constitutive relations of the damaged media enables us to describe the processes of unsteady creep and long-term strength of structural alloys under multiaxial stress with the accuracy sufficient for engineering calculations.
Investigating the Relationship Between Loneliness, Evaluation Anxiety and Gender on The Prediction of Social Anxiety in an Irish Context

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims: The current study sought to provide a greater understanding of the predictive relationship between the presence of loneliness and evaluation anxiety symptoms on levels of social anxiety in a general community sample (aged 18 – 75) while also exploring the gender differences within these variables. \n \nBackground: Social anxiety disorder is one of the most prevalent and pernicious anxiety disorders. Upon further research, it was found that no research has been conducted on the strength of loneliness, evaluation anxiety and gender to predict social anxiety in an Irish population. \n \nMethodology: A questionnaire was administered to a general community sample (n=251) through google forms which consisted of questions regarding the demographics of the participants and three self-report measures; The UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA LSV3), The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNES), and The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). \n \nResults: Results showed that higher loneliness scores and higher evaluation anxiety scores were associated with positively associated with higher levels of social anxiety. In addition, age was negatively associate with higher levels of social anxiety. Alternatively, gender and years in education were not associated with social anxiety. Loneliness and evaluation anxiety explained 57.6% of variance in social anxiety levels. Both variables were found to uniquely predict social anxiety levels to a statistically significantly level, although loneliness was marginally stronger. \n \nConclusions: Findings provide a greater understanding of the development of anxiety among an Irish population with varying degrees of social anxiety disorder symptoms. Strengths and limitations of this study are discussed. As well as direct and societal level implications regarding mental health issues in Ireland.
Spectroscopy of Young Planetary Mass Candidates with Disks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is now well established that many young brown dwarfs exhibit characteristics similar to classical T Tauri stars, including infrared excess from disks and emission lines related to accretion. Whether the same holds true for even lower mass objects, namely those near and below the Deuterium-burning limit, is an important question. Here we present optical spectra of six isolated planetary mass candidates in Chamaeleon II, Lupus I and Ophiuchus star-forming regions, recently identified by Allers and collaborators to harbor substantial mid-infrared excesses. Our spectra, from ESO's Very Large Telescope and New Technology Telescope, show that four of the targets have spectral types in the ~M9-L1 range, and three of those also exhibit H_alpha. Their luminosities are consistent with masses of ~5-15 M_{Jupiter} according to models of Chabrier, Baraffe and co-workers, thus placing these four objects among the lowest mass brown dwarfs known to be surrounded by circum-sub-stellar disks. Our findings bolster the idea that free-floating planetary mass objects could have infancies remarkably similar to those of Sun-like stars and suggest the intriguing possibility of planet formation around primaries whose masses are comparable to those of extra-solar giant planets. Another target appears to be a brown dwarf (~M8) with prominent H_alpha emission, possibly arising from accretion. The sixth candidate is likely a background source, underlining the need for spectroscopic confirmation.
Unveiling Dust Aggregate Structure in Protoplanetary Disks by Millimeter-wave Scattering Polarization

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dust coagulation in a protoplanetary disk is the first step of planetesimal formation. However, a pathway from dust aggregates to planetesimals remains unclear. Both numerical simulations and laboratory experiments have suggested the importance of dust structure in planetesimal formation, but it is not well constrained by observations. We study how dust structure and porosity alters polarimetric images at millimeter wavelength by performing 3D radiative transfer simulations. Aggregates with different porosity and fractal dimension are considered. As a result, we find that dust aggregates with lower porosity and/or higher fractal dimension are favorable to explain observed millimeter-wave scattering polarization of disks. Aggregates with extremely high porosity fail to explain the observations. In addition, we also show that particles with moderate porosity show weak wavelength dependence of scattering polarization, indicating that multi-wavelength polarimetry is useful to constrain dust porosity. Finally, we discuss implications for dust evolution and planetesimal formation in disks.