jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transportation Energy Futures Series: Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Expansion: Costs, Resources, Production Capacity, and Retail Availability for Low-Carbon Scenarios

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Achieving the Department of Energy target of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 depends on transportation-related strategies combining technology innovation, market adoption, and changes in consumer behavior. This study examines expanding low-carbon transportation fuel infrastructure to achieve deep GHG emissions reductions, with an emphasis on fuel production facilities andretail components serving light-duty vehicles. Three distinct low-carbon fuel supply scenarios are examined: Portfolio: Successful deployment of a range of advanced vehicle and fuel technologies; Combustion: Market dominance by hybridized internal combustion engine vehicles fueled by advanced biofuels and natural gas; Electrification: Market dominance by electric drive vehicles in the LDVsector, including battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, that are fueled by low-carbon electricity and hydrogen. A range of possible low-carbon fuel demand outcomes are explored in terms of the scale and scope of infrastructure expansion requirements and evaluated based on fuel costs, energy resource utilization, fuel production infrastructure expansion, and retailinfrastructure expansion for LDVs. This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Transportation Energy Futures (TEF) project, a Department of Energy-sponsored multi-agency project initiated to pinpoint underexplored transportation-related strategies for abating GHGs and reducing petroleum dependence.
An exponentially stable discrete-time primal-dual algorithm for distributed constrained optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies a distributed algorithm for constrained consensus optimization that is obtained by fusing the Arrow-Hurwicz-Uzawa primal-dual gradient method for centralized constrained optimization and the Wang-Elia method for distributed unconstrained optimization. It is shown that the optimal primal-dual point is a semiglobally exponentially stable equilibrium for the algorithm, which implies linear convergence. The analysis is based on the separation between a slow centralized optimization dynamics describing the evolution of the average estimate toward the optimum, and a fast dynamics describing the evolution of the consensus error over the network. These two dynamics are mutually coupled, and the stability analysis builds on control theoretic tools such as time-scale separation, Lyapunov theory, and the small-gain principle. Our analysis approach highlights that the consensus dynamics can be seen as a fast, parasite one, and that stability of the distributed algorithm is obtained as a robustness consequence of the semiglobal exponential stability properties of the centralized method. This perspective can be used to enable other significant extensions, such as time-varying networks or delayed communication, that can be seen as ``perturbations" of the centralized algorithm.
The Wayang and the Islamic Encounter in Java

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini membahas hubungan antara wayang dan proses penyebaran Islam. Wayang adalah fenomena budaya Jawa yang digunakan oleh para wali pada sekitar abad ke-15 dan ke-16 sebagai media dakwah Islam. Tulisan ini fokus pada Serat Erang-Erang Nata Pandawa yang mengulas tentang karakter Pandawa dalam hubungannya dengan Islam.
Establishment of Sleep Apnea Syndrome Model in Rats Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To establish a sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) model in rats. Methods Fifty male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), 2-week and 4-week experimental control groups (2C and 4C), and 2-week and 4-week intermittent hypoxia groups (2H and 4H). The rats of 2H and 4H groups were laid in the hypoxic cabin for 8h per day, in which nitrogen and oxygen were input circularly (90s/cycle). The FiO2max was 21% ± 0.5% and FiO2min 9% ± 1.5%. The gas concentration and the cyclic time were automatically controlled. The rats of 2C and 4C groups were in the normoxic cabin, NC group in room air. At the experimental end points, the right ventricle functions (RVEDP, RVESP, RV ± dp/dt max), the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), the mean carotid arterial pressure(mCAP), the weight ratio of left ventricle plus septum to body (LV+S)/WT and of right ventricle to left ventricle plus septum RV/(LV+S) were measured, respectively. Results The mPAPs of 2H group and 4H group were much higher than those of 2C group and 4C group, respectively (P 0.05). The RV+dp/dt, RV-dp/dt and RVESP in 4H group were significantly higher than those of 4C and 2H groups(P 0.01). The mCAP, RV/(LV+S) and (LV+S)/WT among all of the groups were no significantly different (P 0.05). Conclusion The sleep apnea syndrome SPF rat model can be successfully established with the method by which operation is convenient, control is precise, repeatability is well and the effects is well consistent with the SAS pathophysiology.
Interleukin-1 alpha upregulates tumor necrosis factor receptors expressed by a human bone marrow stromal cell strain: implications for cytokine redundancy and synergy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To explore the biochemical and physiologic basis of the overlapping effects of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on myeloid cytokine production, we have studied the dynamics of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production as well as IL-1 receptor and TNF receptor expression in a clonally derived bone marrow stromal cell strain (CDCL). IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha act in a synergistic manner to stimulate G-CSF and GM-CSF production by CDCL, resulting in an increase in CSF secretion that is 250-fold greater than that observed with either cytokine alone. This synergism in protein secretion is paralleled by synergistic increases the steady-state level of GM- and G-CSF mRNA, with supra-additive levels achieved by 24 hours. Coincident with this synergistic induction of myeloid CSFs, treatment of CDCL cells with IL-1 alpha induces a 300% increase in the expression of TNF receptors. IL-1 alpha induction of TNF receptors reaches a peak after 6 hours and gradually returns to baseline level by 24 hours. IL-1 alpha does not affect TNF receptor ligand binding affinity. A kinetic study comparing IL-1/TNF synergistic induction of growth factor secretion with IL-1 alpha induction of TNF receptors shows that these events occur in parallel. In contrast with the induction of TNF receptors by IL-1 alpha, treatment with TNF alpha has no effect on either the number of IL-1 receptors expressed by CDCL cells or IL-1 receptor ligand binding affinity. Brief treatment of IL-1 alpha/TNF alpha-stimulated CDCL cells with cycloheximide before receptor induction reduces the synergistic increase in growth factor mRNA by 40% to 60% compared with cells not treated with CHX. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that IL-1 alpha cross-induction of TNF receptors may contribute to the biochemical mechanisms underlying the synergistic stimulation of G-CSF and GM-CSF production by IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha.
Political Correctness: mental disorder, childish fad or advance of human civilization?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a functionalist approach, the rise of Political Correctness can be explained either as a correlate of struggles among elites or as an outcome of societal developments on macrosociological and macrocultural levels. From a mesosociological perspective, it seems fruitful to consider PC as a strategy of academics and other cultural elites for securing status and generating political legitimation and support.In a macrosociological view, the emergence of Political Correctness may be explained as a \nfirst, still highly tentative way to cope with globalization and multiculturalization.
The genus Allogamus Schmid, 1955 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae): revised by sexual selection-driven adaptive, non-neutral traits of the phallic organ

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based upon our previous reviews on the phylogenetic species concept, initial split criteria and fine structure analysis here we summarize population and model thinking as support to our diverged structure matrix procedure to test simply visually or, if required, by geometric morphometrics the stability of sexual selection-driven adaptive, non-neutral traits of the phallic organ. Complexity review helped us to establish plesiomorphic and apomorphic states of parameres of the phallic organ. Fine structure diversity of the adaptive traits of paramere and the apical portion of aedeagus has been applied to revise the Allogamus genus. All the known 22 taxa, 19 species and 3 subspecies, have been revised. Apomorphic fusion of parameres and complexity evolution of aedeagus directed us to erect 2 rediagnosed species groups, 1 new species group, 4 new species subgroups, 1 new species complex, 10 new species and 4 new or revised species status as follows: Allogamus auricollis species group, rediagnosed. Allogamus antennatus new subgroup: A. antennatus (McLachlan, 1876), A. ausoniae Moretti, 1991, stat. rev., A. morettii DePietro & Cianficconi, 2001, stat. rev., A. silanus Moretti 1991, stat. nov. Allogamus auricollis new subgroup: A. alpensis Oláh, Lodovici & Valle sp. nov., A. auricollis (Pictet, 1834), A. despaxi Decamps, 1967, A. zomok Oláh & Coppa sp. nov. Allogamus hilaris new subgroup: A. hilaris (McLachlan, 1876). Allogamus ligonifer new subgroup: A. gibraltaricus Gonzalez & Ruiz, 2001, A. kefes Coppa & Oláh sp. nov., A. laureatus (Navas, 1918), A. ligonifer (McLachlan, 1876), A. pertuli Malicky, 1974, A. pupos Coppa & Oláh sp. nov. Allogamus mortoni new species complex: A. kampos Oláh & Ruiz sp. nov., A. kettos Oláh & Ruiz sp. nov., A. kurtas Oláh & Zamora-Muñoz sp. nov., A. mortoni (Navas, 1907), A. pohos Oláh & Zamora-Muñoz sp. nov., A. tuskes Oláh & Sáinz-Bariáin sp. nov. Allogamus corsicus new species group: A. corsicus (Ris, 1897). A. illiesorum Botosaneanu, 1980 stat. rev. Allogamus uncatus species group, rediagnosed: A. botosaneanui Moretti, 1991, A. dacicus (Schmid, 1951), A. fuesunae Malicky, 2004, A. mendax (McLachlan, 1876), A. pantinii Oláh, Lodovici & Valle sp. nov.,A. periphetes Malicky, 2004, A. stadleri (Schmid, 1951), A. starmachi Szczesny, 1967, A. tomor Oláh, 2012, A. uncatus (Brauer 1857).
XVIII To the ports of eastern Liberia. Return to Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Monrovia, Johann Buttikofer enjoyed the hospitality of the Dutch consul, Mr. Modderman. Mr. Modderman had been living in Liberia since the founding of the Dutch factories for nearly twenty years. This chapter describes Buttikoferss meeting with Father N. Stoll for treatment. Buttikofer made rapid progress and was ordered not to return to Schieffelinsville too quickly. The chapter talks about Buttikoferss plan of visiting several coastal towns and their surroundings in eastern Liberia in order to obtain a clear picture of the conditions in these parts. The arrival of a Woermann steamer coming from Hamburg presented Buttikofer excellent opportunity to realize his plan, especially as this ship was to head directly from Monrovia to Cape Palmas. From there Buttikofer planned to sail back along the coast in a sailing-ship of the firm of Muller & Co. that was then at Cape Palmas, and visit the most prominent ports. Keywords:Cape Palmas; Dutch factories; Johann Buttikofer; Monrovia; Muller & Co.; ports of Eastern Liberia; Schieffelinsville; Woermann steamer
GRADE evidence profile of the evidence outcomes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div><p>Pulmonary surfactant (PS) is one of the main treatment for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Budesonide has recently been studied as an additional treatment in such cases, but there is limited evidence supporting this. This study was implemented to determine the efficacy of PS combined with budesonide in premature infants. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception until July 12, 2024. We utilized a random-effects model to calculate the risk ratio and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the clinical outcomes of PS with budesonide versus PS alone. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. We included 26 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2701 patients in the analysis. Treatments of PS with budesonide and PS alone were compared in all trials. PS with budesonide reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence (risk ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51, 0.73), duration of mechanical or invasive mechanical ventilation (MD, −2.21 days; 95% CI, −2.72, −1.71), duration requiring oxygen (MD, −5.86 days; 95% CI, −8.44, −3.29), and hospitalization time (MD, −5.61 days; 95% CI, −8.65, −2.56). These results were based on low to very low evidence certainty. Only moderate-to-severe BPD or severe BPD showed a significant reduction when PS was used in conjunction with budesonide, a finding supported by moderate evidence certainty. Our study showed that the administration of PS with budesonide significantly improved respiratory outcomes, including the incidence of BPD, duration of mechanical or invasive mechanical ventilation, duration requiring oxygen, and hospitalization time in preterm infants, without short-term adverse drug events. However, the evidence certainty was mostly low to very low.</p></div>
Electric energy planning in Namibe, Angola: Inserting renewable energies in search of a sustainable energy mix

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The socioeconomic development of any region requires electricity for operating the various sectors of the economy. Sometimes energy is scarce, not only because of the lack of energy resources, but also because energy policy is inadequate or non-existent. This paper examines the situation in the province of Namibe, Angola, characterising the energy sector, and proposing an energy mix for the security of electricity supply, environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Using the Long-range Energy Alternative and Planning System, energy scenarios were simulated and the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for the period 2014-2040 calculated and analysed. The most sustainable scenario, in terms of energy mix diversification and GHG reduction, as well as the least costly (considering electricity production and carbon costs), has an increase of hydro capacity and the insertion of wind, solar photovoltaic, thermoelectric sources and natural gas. Given the intermittency of photovoltaic and wind systems, natural gas appears in this scenario as a way to avoid interruptions in the electricity supply. This scenario is the one with the largest production reserve margin of 24.47 %, and emissions are avoided at 386 550 tCO2eq compared to the base scenario in 2040. Energy policymakers can take this scenario as a model to assist in making decisions on how power capacities can be installed over the planned time for the desired energy output.
Women's expatriate careers: losing trust in organisational equality and diversity policy implementation?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how female expatriates interpret the effectiveness of practical implementation of equality/diversity policies, trusting this to support their expatriate careers. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional, qualitative research approach draws upon in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 human resources equality/diversity policy implementers and 26 current female expatriates in two oil and gas firms. Findings Early-career stage female expatriates believe that equality/diversity policy implementation will support their international careers. At the most senior levels, women expatriates highlight unequal treatment breaching their trust in delivery of equality/diversity principles to support their expatriate career progression. Research limitations/implications Longitudinal research is needed to assess how early-career women expatriates' willingness to trust in organisational equality/diversity principles alters as their careers progress, and the effects of any changing trust relations on their contributions to organisational strategic objectives. Larger senior female expatriate samples are needed to research links between trust relations and turnover. Practical implications Organisations must weigh up benefits from using transparent expatriate selection processes versus less formal mechanisms, if informal processes are not to undermine espoused equality interventions. Unconscious bias training should form part of wide-ranging programmes to tackle discrimination. Senior managerial action with embedded accountability is needed. Originality/value Exploring the rhetoric and reality of equality/diversity policy implementation on women comprising a minority expatriate group, this research demonstrates women expatriates' early-career trust in gender equality falls away as they first recognise and then accept diminishing female expatriate senior grade representation and the implications for their expatriate careers. Should turnover result, this could detrimentally affect organisational expatriate gender diversity objectives.
Advances in Arts and Literary Club Pedagogy for Building 21st Century Communication Skills

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the role of arts and literary clubs in the development of 21st-century communication skills. In a rapidly evolving world, effective communication has become increasingly essential across personal, academic, and professional spheres. Arts and literary clubs, historically integral to intellectual and creative expression, provide a unique pedagogical environment for fostering critical communication abilities. This paper examines traditional and contemporary pedagogical models employed by these clubs, highlighting their evolution in response to modern educational needs. It emphasizes the development of core communication skills, including critical thinking, digital literacy, and collaborative communication, through creative expression, literary discussions, and cross-cultural exchange. The paper also discusses the implications for future pedagogy, suggesting a shift toward more interdisciplinary and digitally inclusive methods to enhance communication training. Lastly, the paper identifies areas for further research, particularly in digital communication and the long-term impact of arts and literary club participation on professional success. Overall, arts and literary clubs play a crucial role in shaping the communication skills needed for success in the 21st century.
Cultivation of cestodes in vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A major development in parasitology within recent years has been the increased interest in attempts to culture parasites outside their hosts. A stimulus to this has been the introduction of efficient antibiotics and the general availability of commercially prepared media – both problems which greatly discouraged most early workers from working in this area. Substantial progress in this field has been made and a number of species can now be cultured to maturity or near maturity and several species (e.g. Hymenolepis diminuta) have been cultured through their entire life cycle in vitro. Early work in this field has been reviewed elsewhere (796,800, 905). More recent work has been reviewed by Arme (24), Evans (198) and Howell (339).
New Approach for Hybrid Stenting of the Aortic Arch in Low Weight Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present the first case of hybrid stenting of coarctation of the aorta using a retrograde approach through the descending aorta.An 8-month-old, 5.7 kg infant developed severe obstructive lesion of the aortic arch and isthmus after primary correction of the common arterial trunk and surgical management of coarctation of the aorta.As a result, emergency intervention was needed.Taking into the account the low body weight of the patient and the impossibility of using a transfemoral approach, we decided to obtain access through a 6th intercostal space posterolateral thoracotomy to advance a 6-F guiding catheter to the descending aorta via counter-aperture.After implantation of a Valeo stent, there were no complications, and complete elimination of the obstruction was achieved.This case demonstrates that a retrograde hybrid stenting technique via the descending thoracic aorta for aortic isthmus and arch obstruction produces good anatomical and hemodynamic results and can be applied in cases with no other alternative.
The Changing Image of Physician in Taiwan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traditionally, physicians in Taiwan have held a positive image and have possessed high socio-economic standing. However, public attitudes to doctors have changed in recent times. The professional image of physicians has been overshadowed by a series of scandals of malpractice and fraud. The doctor’s white coat, which symbolized humanism and professionalism, has seemingly been tainted; as have the well-respected life-saving professional image of physicians. The aim of this study was to understand the change of the professional image of physicians over time in Taiwan and to see whether it has been affected by the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Competence, autonomy, dominance, authority, altruism, de-professionalization, corporatization and commercialization were factors considered in the analysis of the professional image of physicians. Through the examination of newspapers and academic journals, content analysis technique was then deployed to assess the change in physicians’ professional image over time, as well as before and after the inception of the NHI program. Altruism, authority and competence, which form the traditional definition for medical professionalism, are identified as the top four factors in the Taiwan Medical Journal. However, in the newspapers, the numbers for these factors have decreased except those for corporatization; in the Taiwan Medical Journal, the numbers for competence, dominance and authority have dropped; and numbers for autonomy, altruism, corporatization and commercialization have increased, with those for de-professionalization remaining the same. Although the socioeconomic status of physicians is still lofty after the social changes, the income of physicians have dropped in Taiwan.
Hydromorphologic control of streambed fine particle standing stocks influences in-stream aerobic respiration

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

For Habitat-scale methods:Streambed sediments (top ~3 cm) were taken from the stream thalweg every 15 m along each study reach (n = 5 samples per reach; Figure 1), following a modified method by Petticrew et al. (2007). The FPM standing stock was estimated using the ash-free dry mass method.
Microbial Metabolic Activity was estimated using the resazurin-resorufin bioreactive tracer as a proxy for aerobic respiration. (Haggerty et al., 2014).
Calculation of hydraulic characteristics and metabolic activity at reach-scale:
The BTC of Br- recorded at the end of each experimental reach was used to calculate the water transport and transient storage parameters within each reach by using a mobile-immobile model (Drummond et al., 2014a).