jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Poynting theorems and the potential for electrically small antennas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Analyses of power in radiation fields are nearly universally based upon the complex Poynting theorem (CPT), yet the scientific basis for its use is not well established. The time dependent Poynting theorem (TDPT), is seldom used yet its scientific basis is well established. We use Hansen's method to obtain a generalized modal expansion for all possible electromagnetic fields that can originate within a confined volume and travel infinitely outward, combine the modal expansions and both Poynting theorems to determine the power expressions, and contrast results. The TDPT shows that the characterization of power in a sinusoidal field requires three numbers. Therefore it cannot be fully described by only real and reactive values. We conclude that the CPT is intrinsically an insufficient basis for a full description of power in a radiation field. We compare TDPT and CPT solutions for several idealized antenna designs. Comparative analyses show that the TDPT provides solutions that correspond to reality in all cases and the CPT does not. Proofs that electrically small antennas cannot be efficient are based upon the CPT; we re-examine these proofs using the TDPT and find that certain mixed modal configurations surpass the generally accepted small antenna rules.
Polaribacter

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Po.lar.i.bac'ter. N.L. adj. polaris pertaining to the geographic poles; N.L. masc. n. bacter from Gr. n. baktron rod or staff; N.L. masc. n. Polaribacter rod‐shaped bacteria from polar habitats. Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Polaribacter Rods , curved rods , or filaments . Cell size varies between 0.8 and 48 µm in length and 0.25 and 1.6 µm in diameter depending on species, growth medium, temperature, and physiological state of the culture. Nonmotile; some cells may have flagella, but motility has not been observed. Coccoid bodies often seen in ageing cultures. Gas vesicles are produced by some species . Gram‐stain‐negative. Heterotrophic. Aerobic . Psychrophilic or mesophilic . Organisms grow well in marine media or media that have been supplemented with NaCl. Organisms produce acid from a variety of carbohydrates. Starch is hydrolyzed. Cells can grow on yeast extract. Colonies produce yellow, orange, salmon, or pink non‐diffusible pigments that are not flexirubins. Some strains produce rhodopsin pigments that stimulate growth in presence of light. Some strains have been isolated from polar marine and sea ice environments and grow at temperatures of 10°C or lower. All strains have been isolated from marine habitats . DNA G + C content ( mol %): 30–33. Type species : Polaribacter filamentus Gosink, Woese and Staley 1998, 232 VP .
MOF-Mediated Interfacial Polymerization to Fabricate Polyamide Membranes with a Homogeneous Nanoscale Striped Turing Structure for CO2/CH4 Separation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Control of the surface morphology of polyamide membranes fabricated by interfacial polymerization is of great importance in dictating the separation performance. Herein, polyamide membranes with a specific nanoscale striped Turing structure are generated through facile addition of Zr-based metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH2 in the aqueous triethylenetetramine phase. Interestingly, accompanied by the degradation of UiO-66-NH2 in aqueous solution, an intermediate complex is in situ formed through the strong interaction between the Zr metal center and the amine group from triethylenetetramine, which can lower amine diffusion and induce a local interfacial reaction, contributing to the generation of a homogeneous nanoscale striped Turing structure. The resulting membranes are used for CO2/CH4 gas separation. Compared with the parent polyamide membrane displaying a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 43.1 and a CO2 permeance of 31.5 GPU, the membrane with 0.02 wt % of UiO-66-NH2 introduced into the aqueous phase shows a higher CO2/CH4 selectivity of 58.3, along with a CO2 permeance of 27.1 GPU. Additionally, when 0.1 wt % of UiO-66-NH2 is incorporated into the aqueous phase, the membrane exhibits a combination of a higher CO2/CH4 selectivity and an enhanced CO2 permeance in contrast with the parent polyamide membrane.
The Assessment of Future Air Temperature and Rainfall Changes Based on the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM): The Case of the Wartburg Community in KZN Midlands, South Africa

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The agriculture sector in Africa is dominated by small-scale farmers who account for about 80% of the total farms. However, small-scale farmers are vulnerable to climate change and climate variability. Their high susceptibility to climate change emanates from their inadequate ability to adapt to climate change. As a result, small-scale farmers are generally adversely impacted by climate change due to over-reliance on rainfed agriculture and natural resources. This exposure and susceptibility, however, differ across the regions due to the heterogeneity in topography, climate, access to resources, farmer resilience and adaptation capacity. Therefore, site-specific studies are encouraged to increase the awareness, resilience and adaptation capacity at the local level. The study intends to analyse historical climate (air temperature and rainfall) data from a weather station that has not been employed for climate change studies and project possible future changes in the same climate parameters due to global warming for a localised agricultural community within the sugarbelt region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study focuses mainly on air temperature and rainfall changes to inform local farmers about potential climate changes and possible impacts of the projected climate changes on the local agricultural productivity. This study was conducted in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands of South Africa, and the Representative Climate Pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5) climate projection of the CanESM2 model were used for the projection of future air temperature and rainfall trends for the 2020s, the 2040s and the 2080s. According to the results, both minimum and maximum air temperatures will continue to increase for the entire study period. The RCP8.5 results indicate that maximum and minimum air temperatures will reach a maximum range of 1.72 to 3.14 °C and 1.54 to 3.48 °C, respectively. For the rainfall, the model projects a positive trend, although all the scenarios predict a declining trend for the near future (2020s) and an increase in the 2050s. These results indicate that, in the absence of adaptation the risk of small-scale farmers, particularly for sugarcane, which is largely planted in the area, the production losses will heighten and hence increase the likelihood of increased poverty, food insecurity and unemployment.
Multi-party actions and the legal aid

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to show the diversity of currently existing mechanisms of collective redress in the EU and beyond. The starting point is the question of the actual effectiveness of existing models of collective redress in providing access to justice for a particular group of individuals whose rights have been threatened or injured by the same person (the defendant). Analysis of different models (Dutch, Scandinavian, German, English, Hungarian, American and Croatian) was used to identify similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages of the solutions on collective legal protection in different legal systems. The relationship between collective legal protection and legal aid was also examined. This research leads to the conclusion that the civil litigation procedure which was once primarily a two-party procedure between individual parties is becoming more receptive for the collective legal protection. The main advantage of multi-party litigation is in enabling cost-effective conduct of the proceedings and facilitating access to justice for a large number of individuals who could not exercise their rights independently. But the collective legal protection could be given an even wider application within the EU legal space. One of the proposed measures for promoting collective legal protection is harmonization of existing provisions on multi-party action within the legal systems of EU member states. Also, legal aid has potential for becoming an effective means for the development of multi-party action but so far its usage in this respect has not been considered properly.
The rise of the Korean cinema in inbound and outbound globalization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is common for media globalization to be characterized as the erosion of national cultural sovereignty under the onslaught of the world's largest media conglomerates. Such portrayals evoke the specter of a hydra-headed Hollywood juggernaut spreading its tentacles into every corner of the globe. This macro level analysis of media imperialism directs attention to a worldwide system of domination that favors capitalist interests, particularly those based in the United States (Guback 1969; Schiller 1969). Critics point to the ubiquity of media products such as Batman, CSI, and Lady Gaga, while also portraying the world's masses as susceptible, even gullible, participants in a transnational circuit of culture that feeds corporate conglomerates and impoverishes local modes of expression and public life (Miller et al. 2008). Many scholars and government policy makers argue that national governments are the best hope for stemming the tide of media imports, pointing to policies that aim to promote indigenous values and responsible citizenship by employing various strategies, ranging from local tax subsidies to public service media and from import quotas to outright censorship.
Evaluation of Self Help Groups (SHG) as a social enterprise for women empowerment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Paper examines the conditions under which women empowerment is related to value creation in Self Help Groups (SHG). Relationship of centrality, appropriability, proactivity, visibility, and voluntarism to value creation has been examined. The results suggest that all the variables had significant relation with value creation except proactivity. Voluntarism showed a negative significant relation which in turn contributes to women empowerment in groups. This has great implication for public policy that value creation should be associated with group priorities for the greater empowerment of group members. The results revealed that as the concept of social enterprise gets extended to SHGs for women empowerment in agriculture, the triple bottom line of profit, sustainable natural resource management and social impact also gets adopted .
The comparison of odor quality of volatiles in peel oils of four kinds of navel orange.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ワシントン,福本紅,大三島,白柳ネーブルオレンジ40種の果皮精油成分のにおい官能特性(質)を比較し, 4品種のにおいの相異を評価する方法を検討した.各成分のオーダーユニッートを求めたが,この値は精油成分のにおい特性とは無関係であり,においの質の評価法を併用しなければならない.オーダーユニットを用いた因子分析により,特徴的香気成分9成分の相互関係を検討した結果,テルペン類,飽和アルデヒド類の組成比およびシネンサールが重要であることがわかった. 9成分の含有量に従って調製したモデル調合液と果皮精油の2試料間の類似度によるクラスター分析の結果,両者のクラスターが類似しており,これらの9成分の組成比により品種間の微妙なにおいの差が現れる.リナロールを除く, 8成分について相対的寄与率を求め,図形化を行った結果,テルペン類と飽和アルデヒド類の相対的な寄与率のバランスと, β-シネンサールでにおいの質が変わると推定される.
The influence of a clinical rural placement programme on the work location of new dental graduates from the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction In A ustralia, as in many other countries there is a disparity in the number of dentists working in rural locations compared with metropolitan areas, and this is a growing problem. The aim of the research was to monitor the location of recent graduates who undertook a rural clinical placement whilst in the final year of S ydney D ental S chool, to determine whether it influenced their choice of job location. Materials and Methods Students who graduated in 2008 and 2009 were followed up to ascertain their working location. Forty per cent of the 2009 graduates participated in a rural placement during their undergraduate degree and 60% did not. In 2008, none of the students went on a rural placement as the scheme had not been implemented. The A ustralian H ealth P ractitioner R egulation A gency ( AHPRA ) internet website was used to find the working location of the graduates. The rural, remote and metropolitan areas ( RRMA ) classification system was used to classify which areas of Australia were metropolitan, regional, rural and remote zones. Results The graduates of 2008 and 2009 were followed up in 2011 and 2012 to ascertain their working location. In 2011, 12.7% of the 2008 graduates were employed in a rural location compared to 27.6% of the entire 2009 graduating class. In 2011, of those 2009 graduates who participated in the rural placement programme, 44.8% were working in a rural or remote region compared to 17% of the graduates who did not participate. In 2012, the second follow‐up found that 18.6% of the 2008 graduates were working in a rural location compared to 25.9% of all the 2009 graduates. In 2012, 43.3% of the 2009 rural placement participants were found to be working in a rural location compared to 14.9% of the non‐participants. Conclusions The study followed up recent dental graduates' working locations to provide longitudinal evidence of the influence of an undergraduate rural placement programme on their work choices. It was found that a higher proportion of graduates who participated in the rural placement programme were working in a rural location when compared with those who had not been offered a placement.
Methylation status in the promoter region of Dickkopf-3 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the methylation status in the promoter region of Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3) gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS),and to initially explore the relationship between the methylation of this gene and survival time.Methods Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was applied to measure the promoter methylation of Dkk3 gene in 43 bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of MDS patients.As controls,70 normal peripheral blood samples from general outpatients were examined.Results In 43 patients with MDS,7 patients (16.3 ％) showed Dkk3 gene methylation.And 5 of them were semi-methylation status,2 of them were exhaustive methylation status.In 70 controls,1 showed Dkk3 gene semi-methylation.The frequency of methylation in MDS patients was significantly higher than that of controls (x2 =8.93,P =0.005).In the Dkk3 methylation group,2/7 were from bone marrow and 5/7 were from peripheral blood.Meanwhile,2 patients were RA,1 patient was RCMD,4 patients were RAEB.There was no significant difference between the different sample source (bone marrow or peripheral blood) for the results of the methylation status (x2 =0.051,P =0.821).Either between the different sex,age,type,chromosome and WPSS score (P ＞ 0.05).The progress of disease didn't influence the methylation frequency (P ＞ 0.05).The smvival analysis showed no relationship between the methylation of this gene and smvival time.Conclusions In this MDS group,there is high level of methyl-modification in Dkk3 gene.The methylation of Dkk3 might be one of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the progress of patients with MDS.The peripheral blood sample maybe a better substitute in detective of Dkk3 with MDS.

Key words:
Myelodysplastic syndromes; Dickkopf-3 gene; Methylation; Peripheral blood
Letter: Genetic counselling in Huntington's chorea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As Gillian and Glendinning said in their letter to the editor (July 3, p. 46), the family doctor is the ideal person to inform and counsel families of victims of Huntington's chorea. 1st the doctor must learn that a person is from such a family. Sometimes a patient's family is scattered all over Britain or even abroad. Individuals at high risk should know the truth of the situation so they can make informed choices about family planning. Suitable publicity will alert families to go to family doctors for help in making informed choices about family planning . Methods of publicity must be continually reviewed and adapted to current needs.
Esthetic crown lengthening with concomitant localized gingival depigmentation – A case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dentofacial aesthetics can have psychological impact, which can manifest as a decreased sense of confidence and self-esteem in both social and work environments. This case report exhibits a method employed to address both the patient’s chief complaint likely post traumatic pigmentation, as well as the moderate case of delayed passive eruption, simultaneously. A healthy 29-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of melanin display on the facials of the maxillary central incisors since placement of a lingual bonded retainer. She also had a mild case of delayed passive eruption, resulting in short clinical crown length. Gingivectomy was performed to remove the melanotic area by making two incisions at the gingival collars of teeth #8 and #9, followed by the raising of a flap to perform osseous reduction on these teeth in order to achieve more ideal anterior display crown lengths. When the patient presented for a 30-month follow up, there was no return of the pigmentation. A minimal rebound of the gingival margins of the upper centrals had occurred. This treatment modality of utilizing an incision technique for removal of pigmented tissue while simultaneously achieving more ideal cuspid length is capable of rendering improved aesthetic results that are predictable and long lasting.
Three new species of Collembola from north-east Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Fanciulli, Pietro Paolo, Dallai, Romano (2008): Three new species of Collembola from north-east Italy. Zootaxa 1701: 15-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180806
Control of lactate accumulation in ruminants using Prevotella bryantii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Overfeeding ruminants with readily fermentable carbohydrates alters the normal balance of microbes in the rumen compartment causing changes in the fermentation pattern and rumen function. The resulting increase in the molar concentrations of ruminal lactate and/or volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and a decrease in ruminal pH may lead animals to experience acute or subacute acidosis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that lactic acid accumulation can be inhibited by inoculating the rumen with volatile acid-producing bacteria that would compete with lactic acid-producing bacteria for substrate (starch).;We used strain 25A of Prevotella bryantii that had been selected as a rapid starch fermenter from a mixed rumen population as a rumen inoculum for in vitro or in vivo ruminal fermentations. In studies conducted in vitro; strain 25A reduced the accumulation of lactate by 90% when added to mixed rumen fermentations that contained excess soluble carbohydrates, and cultures had greater amounts of succinate and propionate compared with the controls. Morphological, biochemical and genetic analysis (sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) indicated that strain 25A is related to Prevotella bryantii. Amylolytic strain 25A showed an ability to reduce ruminal lactate accumulation (85%) in goats in a model of acute acidosis, and was able to drive starch fermentation to VFAs and away from lactate accumulation. When the ability of this bacterium to prevent lactate accumulation was tested in lactating cows, ruminal pH was favourable (above 6) and lactate accumulation was reduced, but significant changes in ruminal VFA profile and animal milk yields were not observed.
Architectural prospects for lunar mission support

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A top-level architectural approach facilitates the provision of communications and navigation support services to the anticipated lunar mission set. Following the principles of systems architecting (i.e., form follows function) the first step is to define the functions or services to be provided, both in terms of character and degree. These will include communication (telemetry and command) as well as tracking and navigation services. Required performance levels are derived from analysis of the lunar mission model. Consideration of the special needs of robotic and human mission support is appropriate, as is the evolution of the service provision system to the eventual human exploration of Mars. Architectural forms are those physical assets, both hardware and software, that are used to enable the functions to be performed and the services to be delivered. These may include ground stations, lunar relay satellites, Earth-orbiting satellites, optical communications assets, and allocated spectrum.
Chronic Low Back Pain and Incident Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke in General Practices in Germany

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim was to investigate the association between chronic low back pain (CLBP) and incident transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke in Germany. The present retrospective cohort study included adults aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed for the first time with CLBP in one of 1198 general practices in Germany in 2005–2019 (index date). Patients without CLBP were matched to those with CLBP (1:1) using a propensity score based on age, sex, the index year, the number of medical consultations per year during the follow-up, and the number of years of follow-up. In patients without CLBP, the index date was a randomly selected visit date. Both groups were followed for up to 10 years. There were 159,440 patients included in the study (mean (SD) age: 52.1 (16.5) years; 51.5% women). Within 10 years of the index date, 6.5% and 5.9% of patients with and without CLBP were diagnosed with TIA or stroke, respectively (log-rank p-value < 0.001). The Cox regression analysis corroborated these results, as there was a significant association between CLBP and incident TIA or stroke (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.22–1.35). CLBP was positively and significantly associated with incident TIA and stroke in Germany. More research is warranted to better understand this relationship.