jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPOUNDS FOR CANCER RESEARCH. III. SOME DERIVATIVES OF 9,9'-BIFLUORYL1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOMPOUNDS FOR CANCER RESEARCH. III. SOME DERIVATIVES OF 9,9'-BIFLUORYL1FRANCIS EARL RAY, ELIZABETH KREISER WEISBURGER, and JOHN H. WEISBURGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1948, 13, 5, 655–662Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01163a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (568 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SH021792.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Development of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride, a New α1‐ Adrenoceptor Antagonist

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An adaptive time slot allocation strategy for W-CDMA/TDD system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The code division multiple access system with time division duplex mode (CDMA/TDD) where the same frequency allocation is made for both uplink and downlink is a good solution when the traffic asymmetry between uplink and downlink exists. However, when the asymmetry of each cell may be significantly different from each other, the traffic may experience severe interference from each other when each cell's own slot allocation is made according to the level of traffic asymmetry in each cell. The interference in the W-CDMA/TDD system when the slot allocations are made according to traffic patterns of each cell is analyzed, and a time slot allocation scheme considering the traffic asymmetry is proposed. In this paper, system performances are simulated under the proposed time slot allocation strategy and its optimal operation of the strategy is investigated.
Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Transformer And Multi-Graph Fusion Convolution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Traffic flow is an indispensable part of intelligent transportation systems, playing a significant role in alleviating urban traffic congestion. Due to the complex spatiotemporal correlations and heterogeneity inherent in traffic flow data, most existing models exhibit insufficient performance when handling such data, leading to issues such as low accuracy and poor real-time capabilities. In this paper, a network model based on Transformer and Multi-Graph Fusion Convolution (TMGCN) is proposed. Firstly, periodic variations in the time series are extracted using the Transformer module. Subsequently, a multi-graph fusion module is employed to model spatial correlations by fusing road connectivity graph, dynamic speed graph and similarity graph. The above periodic serial feature and multi-graph feature serve as inputs to the spatiotemporal convolutional module (STGC) for extracting spatiotemporal features. Finally, a fully connected layer is applied to process the features and obtain the prediction results. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieves a reduction in the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for traffic flow prediction in the next hour to 19.33 and 15.73 on the public datasets of PEMS04 and PEMS08, respectively.
[Two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing the region of myocardial infarction: a comparative study by several independent examiners].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing the localization of myocardial infarction (MI) was studied by comparing the echocardiographic and pathological findings of 28 patients having MI. The ventricular wall was divided into 18 segments including three segments of the right ventricular wall. The regional wall motion abnormalities for each of the 504 segments were diagnosed by visual assessment. The echocardiographic recordings were reviewed individually by four examiners using the same protocol to assess the interobserver's variation. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves differed by examiners. However, when the subjects were limited to anterior MI patients, the ROC curves established by the echo-trained physicians did not differ significantly. It was concluded that the echocardiographic diagnosis of regional wall motion by visual assessment has universal validity. Individual differences are thought mainly to depend on the sites of infarction. Sensitivities for detecting transmural (TM), non-transmural (non-TM) infarcted segments and intact segments were 90, 70 and 70%, respectively. Most of the underestimated TM or overestimated intact segments corresponded to the sites adjacent to MI. As the unexpectedly misdiagnosed segments, the mimic inward motion of the inferior wall drawn by the intact anteroapical wall was observed in a inferior MI patient, or the mimic anterior motion of the anteroapical wall by a swinging motion of the heart, or the paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum was observed in a right ventricular MI case. In the two third of the overestimated non-TM segments, it was considered that the wall motion was affected by the myocardial ischemia, which was not revealed by pathological examination. The underestimated non-TM segments located adjacent to the intact segments or opposite to the severely ischemic segments. From the echocardiographic viewpoint, nearly 90% of segments showing akinetic or dyskinetic motion had MI. However, one third of segments diagnosed as normal were actually MI segments.
Experimental Study of Fracture Propagation of CO2 Fracturing in Conglomerate Reservoirs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Employing CO2 as a fracturing fluid could effectively limit the hydration swelling of clay minerals and reduce the damage to conglomerate reservoirs. The gravel particles increase the heterogeneity of conglomerate, making fracture propagation more complex than in sandstone and shale. True triaxial fracturing experiments were performed using artificial conglomerates. The initiation pressure, fracture morphology and fracture surface characteristics were analyzed. Studies showed that the heterogeneity of the conglomerate greatly affected fracture initiation and propagation. Compared with hydraulic fracturing, CO2 fracturing has significant advantages, such as degrading initiation pressure and creating more complex fractures. The fracture induced by CO2 mostly appeared as deflection, making the fracture surface rougher. The stress difference greatly influenced the fracture propagation. As the stress difference grew, the fracture morphology shifted from complex to simple, and the expansion mode shifted from deflection to penetration. Increasing the injection rate can lead to a more balanced fracture propagation. However, large injection rates lead to higher initiation pressure. Research results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for CO2 fracturing and help promote the integration of conglomerate reservoir exploitation and CO2 storage. 1. INTRODUCTIONS Mahu conglomerate oil reservoir is by far the world's first whole conglomerate oil field with huge resource potential (Hou et al., 2018). Since 2015, the development method of volumetric fracturing has been adopted to realize effective mobilization (Rafieepour et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2022, Zhang et al., 2024a, and Zhang et al., 2024b). But the single well EUR of some sensitive reservoirs is low and the annual decline rate is large. The analysis results show that one of the reasons for the faster decline in production and pressure is the high content of water-sensitive minerals in the reservoir rock, which soften in contact with water and cause high damage to permeability (Xv et al., 2019). Therefore, CO2 is considered as a fracturing medium to explore the low-injury fracturing mode without or with less water (Shen et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2012).
Professional Book Reviews: Exploring the Role of Children’s Literature in the 21st Century Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The overwhelming use of commercially produced reading programs in elementary classrooms suggests that literature, beyond abridged versions in anthologies, is not necessarily valued. The reviewers have sought out professional resources that successfully argue the contrary by making compelling arguments for: (1) integrating an arts-based approach to literature as part of a comprehensive literacy program, (2) using literature to prompt and support children’s inquiries of the world in a classroom guided by critical literacy; and (3) maximizing the connection between literature and literacy by developing students’ passion for reading.
Partitioning Method for Emergent Behavior Systems Modeled by Agent-Based Simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Used to describe some interesting and usually unanticipated pattern or behavior, the term emergence is often associated with time-evolutionary systems comprised of relatively large numbers of interacting yet simple entities. A significant amount of previous research has recognized the emergence phenomena in many real-world applications such as collaborative robotics, supply chain analysis, social science, economics and ecology. As improvements in computational technologies combined with new modeling paradigms allow the simulation of ever more dynamic and complex systems, the generation of data from simulations of these systems can provide data to explore the phenomena of emergence. To explore some of the modeling implications of systems where emergent phenomena tend to dominate, this research examines three simulations based on familiar natural systems where each is readily recognized as exhibiting emergent phenomena. To facilitate this exploration, a taxonomy of Emergent Behavior Systems (EBS) is developed and a modeling formalism consisting of an EBS lexicon and a formal specification for models of EBS is synthesized from the long history of theories and observations concerning emergence. This modeling formalism is applied to each of the systems and then each is simulated using an agent-based modeling framework. To develop quantifiable measures, associations are asserted: 1) between agent-based models of EBS and graph-theoretical methods, 2) with respect to the formation of relationships between entities comprising a system and 3) concerning the change in uncertainty of organization as the system evolves. These associations form the basis for three measurements related to the information flow, entity complexity, and spatial entropy of the simulated systems. These measurements are used to: 1) detect the existence of emergence and 2) differentiate amongst the three systems. The results suggest that the taxonomy and formal specification developed provide a workable, simulation-centric definition of emergent behavior systems consistent with both historical concepts concerning the emergence phenomena and modern ideas in complexity science. Furthermore, the results support a structured approach to modeling these systems using agent-based methods and offers quantitative measures useful for characterizing the emergence phenomena in the simulations.
Structure design and motion control of manipulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most of the research on new bionic robots are applied in unstructured environment and can be competent for some tasks in complex structure or narrow space. As an important member in the field of bionic robot, snake manipulator has the advantages of good accessibility, high flexibility and strong environmental adaptability, and has a good application prospect. This paper studies the body structure design, motion analysis, control system design and prototype verification of snake manipulator. In this paper, the body structure of snake manipulator is designed, including driving mode and joint connection mode. The three-dimensional structural model of snake manipulator is designed by using SolidWorks, and the static analysis of key stress components is carried out to verify the structural reliability. The motion analysis of snake manipulator is completed. The motion principle analysis of the transmission mechanism, the motion analysis in two-dimensional plane and the kinematics and dynamics analysis in three-dimensional space provide a theoretical basis for further control.
The structure of giant extragalactic HII regions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The existence of a close correlation between the linear diameters of giant HII regions in late type spiral and irregular galaxies and the width of their global H[subscript alpha] emission is demonstrated by means of line profiles obtained using interferometric techniques. The relation (diameter-line width) established in members of the local and M81 — NGC 2403 groups is applied to a redetermination of the distance to M101.

With the purpose of avoiding the difficulties involved in accurately determining linear diameters of giant HII regions, a correlation between H[subscript beta] luminosity and line profile width has been established. The dust distribution in giant HII regions, which is the factor limiting the possible application of the (H[subscript beta] luminosity-line width) relation to the determination of distances, is studied in considerable detail. It is found that most of the extinction affecting the nebular light comes from dust particles that are mixed with the ionized gas, and that the wavelength dependence of the dust absorption is similar to, but significantly different from Whitford's extinction law.

A dynamical model for giant HII regions is constructed on the basis of a detailed study of the 30 Doradus nebula in the LMC. It is shown that giant HII regions can be regarded as aggregates or clusters of small HII regions surrounding the hundreds of 0-B stars which ionize the giant nebulae. The highly supersonic velocities observed in these giant HII complexes, therefore, are interpreted as reflecting the motions of the individual stars imbedded therein. It is also shown that galactic shear, amplified during the gravitational collapse of the interstellar cloud out of which the HII regions were formed, can account for at least part of the observed motions.
Semantic-Based Hybrid Query Reformulation for Biomedical Information Retrieval

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Query reformulation is a well-known technique intended to improve the performance of Information Retrieval Systems. Among the several available techniques, Query Expansion (QE) reformulates the initial query by adding similar terms, drawn from several sources (corpus, knowledge resources), to the query terms in order to retrieve more relevant documents. Most QE methods are based on the relationships between the original query term and candidate terms (new terms) in order to select the most similar expansion terms. In this paper, we suggested a new hybrid query reformulation through QE and term re-weighting techniques. The suggested approach aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of QE with a semantic selection of candidate terms according to the specificity of original query terms in the improvement of retrieval performance. To this end, we exploited both relationships defined by knowledge resources and the distributed semantics, recently revealed by neural network analysis. For term re-weighting, we proposed a new semantic method based on semantic similarity measure that assigns a weight to each term of the expanded query. The conducted experiments on OHSUMED and TREC 2014 CDS test collections, including long and short queries, yielded significant results that outperformed the baseline and state-of-the-art approaches.
Gender and Constitutionalism: A Multifunctional Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Constitutions perform multiple functions. One of the least explored functions is their gender ordering function, consisting in establishing the basis for the definition and organization of the relationship between genders as part of the structure of the social and political system they help configure. This order becomes fully visible only when we accord due relevance to the way constitutions (explicitly or implicitly) shape the organization of sexual and reproductive labor. Characterizing it also requires assessing all the other functions that constitutions perform, as they contribute to the configuration of a gendered public sphere. With a look to the various constitutional functions that are briefly described at the outset, the article describes the progressive subversion of an original exclusionary gender order and the potential and conditions for advancing toward a gender order in which women and gender-nonconforming citizens can finally enjoy equal individual autonomy and join collective self-governance in equal terms.
Data-Driven Robust Covariance Control for Uncertain Linear Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The theory of covariance control and covariance steering (CS) deals with controlling the dispersion of trajectories of a dynamical system, under the implicit assumption that accurate prior knowledge of the system being controlled is available. In this work, we consider the problem of steering the distribution of a discrete-time, linear system subject to exogenous disturbances under an unknown dynamics model. Leveraging concepts from behavioral systems theory, the trajectories of this unknown, noisy system may be (approximately) represented using system data collected through experimentation. Using this fact, we formulate a direct data-driven covariance control problem using input-state data. We then propose a maximum likelihood uncertainty quantification method to estimate and bound the noise realizations in the data collection process. Lastly, we utilize robust convex optimization techniques to solve the resulting norm-bounded uncertain convex program. We illustrate the proposed end-to-end data-driven CS algorithm on a double integrator example and showcase the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed method compared to that of model-based methods
HIV-HCV Co-infection Among Blood Donors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimate that 170 million individuals worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However the prevalence of HCV infection varies throughtout the world. HCV is transmitted primarily through blood or blood products or contact with infected tissue (blood transfusion intravenous immunoglobulins, intavenous drug abuse and tissue transplant). Since hepatitis C is a prevntable disease, accurate description of the prevalence and risk factors for the disease is a pre-requisite for prevention. This study is of public health importance as the National Transfusion Service has no policy to screen donated units of blood for hepatitis C. This is so due to the non availability of supporting epidemiological data and prohibitive costs of the HCV testing kits.
THE RATIONALE FOR HYSTERECTOMY AFTER UTERINE CERVIX CONIZATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. Our aim was to investigate the incidence, most common indications and adequacy of hysterectomy after uterine cervix conization. We have retrospectively analyzed the patients with conization treated at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Nis from 2000 to 2004. There were 306 uterine cervix conizations performed in total. In 54 patients, on the average in 17.64% hysterectomy was done after conization. Out of all the indications for hysterectomy after conization, the most common was microinvasive and invasive uterine cervix carcinoma in 59.25% and positive conization margins in 27.77%. The analysis of histopathologic findings obtained at hysterectomy following conization demonstrated that hysterectomy was too extensive in 70,37% of the cases, since in 27.77% the findings were benign and in 42.59% of the cases cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was identified, for which surgical reintervention would have been sufficient. In the cases of microinvasive and invasive carcinoma, hysterectomy (radical) was demonstrated to be adequate (and that is of statistical significance), since in 80% the findings were identical at hysterectomy. Conclusion. The most common indication for hysterectomy after conization is microinvasive and invasive uterine cervix carcinoma, immediately followed by positive conization margins. Hysterectomy is not an adequate surgical reintervention for positive conization margins, since in 70.37% of the cases it proved to be a too extensive surgery.