jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stimuli-responsive Luminescent Polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart materials that can reversibly change their chemical and physical properties in response to external stimuli have attracted considerable interest in various scientific and industrial domains, as they offer great potential for optoelectronic applications. Among them, stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers are especially appealing due to their excellent processability and high sensitivity. This chapter reviews the recent progress in stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers and discusses the properties and mechanisms of polymers that exhibit mechanochromism, thermochromism, photochromism, and electrochromism. The study of these stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers not only addresses fundamental and practical challenges in smart materials science, but also provides significant insights into applications such as information storage and encryption, anticounterfeiting, and display fields. In the near future, the application scope of stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers will continue to expand in various fields, and research efforts should focus on enhancing the sensitivity and reversibility of these polymers to meet the increasing application demands. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers, covering their design, synthesis, characterization, and potential applications. This chapter will be a useful reference for researchers, students, and practitioners who are interested in this rapidly developing field.
FIRST FINDING OF <i>SOLIDAGO </i><i>×</i><i> NIEDEREDERI</i> IN TULA OBLAST (EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Invasive plant species Solidago canadensis , widespread in Russia, occasionally forms hybrids S. × niederederi with the native species S. virgaurea . Previous findings of this hybrid were known mainly for the North-Western regions of Russia. Plants, morphologically similar to S. × niederederi, were found in August 2020 in the city of Aleksin in the Tula region. The hybrid origin of these plants was proved by the analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1-2 (ITS1-2). Analysis of the chloroplast non-coding intergenic spacer rpl 32- trn L showed that both parent species could act as both maternal and paternal ones in the same population. The available data suggest that individuals of S. × niederederi arise every time as a result of new hybridization events.
Direct fabrication of conductive LB films composed of N‐docosylpyridinium‐TCNQ

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) films of Ar‐docosylpyridinium‐TCNQ (NDP‐TCNQ) were prepared in air. The films deposited at the room temperature showed in‐plane conductivity of 4·10 −3 S·cm −1 and its absorption spectra in UV and IR regions resembled those for the films composed of mixed‐valence TCNQ salts of NDP‐(TCNQ) 2 rather than for the NDP‐TCNQ LB films preparaed under protection of nitrogen. In the case that the films left in a warm environment after each dipping cycle, the absorption in the corresponding region changed. Spectral analysis and XPS study revealed that more TCNQ molecules were produced. The oxidation of TCNQ: in air was considered to be the origin of neutral TCNQ formed.
200 mm Silicon on Porous Layer Substrates Made by the Smart Cut Technology for Double Layer Transfer Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Silicon On Porous Layer (SOPL) substrate was elaborated by applying the Smart Cut{trade mark, serif} technology to silicon substrate having a superficial porous Si layer. Porous Si layer morphology was characterized after anodisation process. A single crystalline/porous Si bilayer was transferred onto a handling wafer to form SOI like structure. Subsequent bonding to a final wafer and separation induced in the fragile embedded porous Si layer led to the double-transfer of the single crystalline Si layer. Changes in mechanical properties and chemical composition of the embedded porous silicon layer as a function of the annealing temperature were also determined. Thickness homogeneity of the transferred thin Si layer was estimated after SOPL fabrication and after double-transfer achievement. The perfect crystallinity of the active Si layer was conserved during the whole process. SOI-like structure fabrication and subsequent separation of thin high quality Si film are reported in order to demonstrate adequacy of SOPL with post device post processing substrate removal.
Microbiology (2003), 149, 2829–2845 DOI 10.1099/mic.0.26418-0 Correspondence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The genus Yersinia is composed of 11 species including the three pathogenic species Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica (Carniel, 2002). All the pathogenic strains share a common virulence plasmid pYV of about 70 kb
VAPORIZATION THERMODYNAMICS OF SAMARIUM OXIDE FLUORIDE.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

at a corresponding mole ratio of 40 moles of H{sub 2}O per 1 mole of CaF{sub 2}. The authors discuss the presence of minor chemical constituents as well as the stability of various potential container materials for the pyrohydrolysis reactions at elevated temperatures. CaF{sub 2} and MgF{sub 2} slags are available as wastes at former uranium production facilities within the Department of Energy Complex and other facilities regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Recovery of HF from these wastes is an example of environmental remediation at such facilities.
Evaluation of image fusion and contrast enhancement algorithms for fusing LWIR and MWIR images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image fusion is an important application for collecting complementary and redundant information observed by different sensors into a single image. In this paper, various image fusion algorithms are compared for long-wave infrared (LWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) images. Infrared images were enhanced by various contrast enhancement algorithms and the effect of the enhancement on the fusion results is evaluated.
Retrospective review of cervical cerclage at Poole hospital NHS Foundation Trust between June 2008 and April 2011

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First described in 1902, cervical cerclage is the insertion of a suture into the cervix during pregnancy with the aim of preventing preterm delivery. It is usually done in cases suggestive of an “incompetent cervix”; either as elective or emergency procedures. We retrospectively reviewed 13 cases of cervical cerclage at Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust between June 2008 and April 2011, to assess current practice within the department. Using RCOG green-top guideline definitions there were 5 cases of rescue cerclage and 7 of ultrasound-indicated cerclages. 1 cerclage attempt was unsuccessful. All of the sutures were placed transvaginally, with no bladder mobilisation (McDonald technique). There were no intra-operative complications. 50% of women had a live delivery, all after 24 weeks gestation. 3 women had deliveries beyond 37 weeks gestation and one pregnancy was ongoing at the time of the review. There were 2 babies admitted to the neonatal unit, with 1 neonatal death. 8 women required emergency suture removal before 28 weeks gestation; commonly for ruptured membranes and chorionamnionitis. 3 women went into premature labour and 1 had an intrauterine death secondary to cord prolapse. Infection was the most common maternal complication. Overall, practise varied little between clinicians for cerclage technique, though documentation was often insufficient for comparison of factors such as use of concomitant antibiotics, indomethacin or progesterone. The new RCOG guideline should help guide patient selection and provide formal audit standards.
Italian Futurism and Russia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The highly creative group of Futurists which flourished in Russia from 1912 onwards, remained comparatively little-known in Western Europe even though Moscow and St. Petersburg were not culturally isolated in the early years of the century. Only one Russian Futurist illustration was published in the Italian journal Lacerba, a print by Mikhail Larionov reproduced without explanation in April 1915. Although given a new title, Soldier's Venus, it was one of a series of Venuses that he had made in different styles three years before (Fig. 1).
The gut peptide neuropeptide Y and post-traumatic stress disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose of review This article reviews the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with which PTSD is highly comorbid. NPY is low in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of male combat veterans with PTSD and correlates negatively with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperreactivity, PTSD symptoms and time to recovery. NPY regulation has not yet been evaluated in women with PTSD. Recent findings NPY levels in bowel tissue are low in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) versus IBS with constipation. The density of ghrelin containing cells of the gastric oxyntic mucosa is markedly increased in IBS-D. PTSD-related SNS hyperreactivity may interact with this substrate to increase ghrelin release, which activates receptors in the lumbosacral spinal cord and basolateral amygdala to increase colonic motility and amygdala hyperreactivity, respectively. Loss of function gene polymorphisms in adrenergic α 2 -autoreceptors and increased corticotropin-releasing hormone, as observed in PTSD, are also thought to contribute to IBS-D. Summary Knowledge of shared underlying NPY system-related neurobiological factors that contribute to the comorbidity of PTSD and gastrointestinal disorders may help guide research, development and prescription of targeted and more effective individualized therapeutic interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bond Activation and Intramolecular Amination of Carboxamides: A New Approach to β‐Lactams.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The described intramolecular C‐N bond formation process is compatible with a broad range of functional groups and is successfully applied in the synthesis of fused ring systems, which is rarely achieved by other methodologies.
Non-invasive Urine Test for Molecular Classification of Clinical Significance in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To avoid over-treatment of low-risk prostate cancer patients, it is important to identify clinically significant and insignificant cancer for treatment decision-making. However, no accurate test is currently available. Methods: To address this unmet medical need, we developed a novel gene classifier to distinguish clinically significant and insignificant cancer, which were classified based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk stratification guidelines. A non-invasive urine test was developed using quantitative mRNA expression data of 24 genes in the classifier with an algorithm to stratify the clinical significance of the cancer. Two independent, multicenter, retrospective and prospective studies were conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of the 24-Gene Classifier and the current clinicopathological measures by univariate and multivariate logistic regression and discriminant analysis. In addition, assessments were performed in various Gleason grades/ISUP Grade Groups. Results: The results showed high diagnostic accuracy of the 24-Gene Classifier with an AUC of 0.917 (95% CI 0.892–0.942) in the retrospective cohort ( n = 520), AUC of 0.959 (95% CI 0.935–0.983) in the prospective cohort ( n = 207), and AUC of 0.930 (95% 0.912-CI 0.947) in the combination cohort ( n = 727). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the 24-Gene Classifier was more accurate than cancer stage, Gleason score, and PSA, especially in the low/intermediate-grade/ISUP Grade Group 1–3 cancer subgroups. Conclusions: The 24-Gene Classifier urine test is an accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy method for identifying clinically significant prostate cancer in newly diagnosed cancer patients. It has the potential to improve prostate cancer treatment decisions and active surveillance.
Brookhaven experimental workshop turns new users into sctterbrains!

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The idea for the Workshop on Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation Studies of Materials grew out of our conversations with materials scientists in recent years. There is an initial barrier to ‘user- mode’ research that must be overcome by potential first time users of facilities such as the HFBR and NSLS. Many groups, realizing the power of these tools in materials characterization, would like to try a few experiments to judge their relevance to their own work, but are put off by a perception that the techniques are esoteric and best left to the specialists in x-ray or neutron scattering. This is untrue for many of the techniques most useful in the first characterization of new materials, e.g. powder diffraction, small angle scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and nothing exposes this misconception as thoroughly as a little first hand experience. Fortunately, the Center of Excellence for the Synthesis and Processing of Advanced Materials, a new program financed by the US. Department of Energy, agreed and provided the funding for this Workshop. The Workshop organizers were J. Hastings, S. Hulbert, S. Shapiro, R. Thomas and myself. R. Greenberg was the Workshop Coordinator. In overall concept the Workshop was patterned after the more ambitious HERCULES Workshops held in Grenoble for the last two years.
Topological catalysis in the language of chemistry

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Topological phases of matter are an active research topic because of their multiple applications, including in quantum computers and energy-efficient devices. The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in experimental chemistry-heterogeneous catalysis, asymmetry synthesis, etc. but there remains a lack of understanding of how topological properties interact with the reaction processes. Thus, a critical review of the chemical properties of topological materials is urgent, which is not only important for the design of highly efficient catalysts for clean energy production and carbon neutrality, but also provides an alternative tool to understand and tailor the topological properties for physicists, chemists, and material scientists. In this review, we begin with the concept of topology and topological materials and then attempt to uncover the underlying relationship between topological properties and catalytic reactions. Further, recent progress in the development of topological catalysts for various reactions is discussed, including hydrogen evolution, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, and selective hydrogenation. We discussed the factors that may suppress the contribution of topological electronic structures, especially surface reconstruction, and oxidation. Most importantly, we elaborate on the challenges and controversies in the understanding of the topological catalysis mechanisms from in-situ electrochemical characterization techniques. In the end, we highlight the promising techniques to further uncover the topological catalysis mechanisms and how to extend the application of topological materials.</p>
On special Rees matrix semigroups over semigroups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we define the notion of the locally right regular sequence of semigroups. We show that, if $S$ is a semigroup and $\alpha$ is a congruence on $S$, then the sequence $S/\alpha ^{(0)}, S/\alpha ^{(1)}, \dots , S/\alpha ^{(n)}, \dots $ of factor semigroups is locally right regular, where $\alpha ^{(0)}=\alpha$ and, for a non-negative integer $n$, $\alpha ^{(n+1)}$ is the congruence on $S$ defined by: $(a,b)\in \alpha ^{(n+1)}$ if and only if $(xa,xb)\in \alpha ^{(n)}$ for all $x\in S$. In our investigation special Rees matrix semigroups over semigroups are used. We also present some further results on this type of semigroups.
Effect of thickness on characteristics of ZnSe thin film synthesized by vacuum thermal evaporation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin films with various thicknesses were grown on ultrasonically clean glass substrates using vacuum evaporation of 99.99% pure ZnSe powder. Thickness dependence of the structural, optical and electrical properties was thoroughly investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that (110) ZnSe plane is the dominant crystal plane for all the fabricated films. Both dislocation density and micro-strain go down with the increase in film thickness, indicating lower lattice defects and improvement in crystallinity at higher film thickness. Transmittance spectra show that all the films have almost linear upward tendency of transmittance in near-infrared region and small fluctuations in visible region for higher-thickness films. With the increase in film thickness, the optical bandgap increases and also an increasing tendency of dielectric constant was observed. Studies of electrical properties showed a sharp increase in carrier mobility and concentration with film thickness. As the film thickness increases from 30 to 90 nm, the carrier mobility goes up from 255 to 1250 cm2/VS and the carrier concentration increases from 2.14 × 1018 to 9.37 × 1018 cm−3. The electrical transport properties of the deposited thin films were explained in terms of scattering of the charge carrier.
Chemical composition and in‐vitro digestibility of thermochemically treated peanut hulls

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Changes in chemical composition and digestibility of peanut hulls after a variety of thermochemical treatments were monitored. Mineral acids and base under elevated temperature (121°C) were generally ineffective for decreasing the fibrous, lignocellulosic component of the hulls. Only nitric acid‐treatment effectively decreased the relative lignin content of the hulls. The lignin:nitrogen ratio and carbohydrate content of treated hulls were both highly correlated with in‐vitro digestibility. Overall, thermochemical treatments did not increase the digestibility of peanut hulls.
Restart dataset for a single location in Norway ALP1 (61.0243N,8.12343E) for CTSM/FATES EMERALD Galaxy tutorial

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Restart files for CLM-FATES version 2.0.1 for CLM-FATES EMERALD version 2.0.1. CTSM_FATES-EMERALD_on_inputdata_version2.0.0_ALP1.tar_(restart_info):
- ALP1_refcase.datm.r.2300-01-01-00000.nc
- ALP1_refcase.datm.rs1.2300-01-01-00000.bin
- ALP1_refcase.cpl.r.2300-01-01-00000.nc
- ALP1_refcase.clm2.r.2300-01-01-00000.nc This dataset is being used in the Galaxy Training tutorial on CLM-FATES. This work has been done in in collaboration with Galaxy Europe and EOSC-Life:
- Within the 1st EOSC-Life Training Open Call, two out of four proposals have been awarded to the European Galaxy team to develop climate science e-learning material and mentoring and training opportunities for our communities. CLM-FATES documentation can be found here.
Embryonic Folate Metabolism and Mouse Neural Tube Defects

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Folic acid prevents 70 percent of human neural tube defects (NTDs) but its mode of action is unclear. The deoxyuridine suppression test detects disturbance of folate metabolism in homozygous splotch ( Pax3 ) mouse embryos that are developing NTDs in vitro. Excessive incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine in splotch embryos indicates a metabolic deficiency in the supply of folate for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Exogenous folic acid and thymidine both correct the biosynthetic defect and prevent some NTDs in splotch homozygotes, whereas methionine has an exacerbating effect. These data support a direct normalization of neurulation by folic acid in humans and suggest a metabolic basis for folate action.
Bioactivity-guided synthesis of gramine derivatives as new MT1 and 5-HT1A receptors agonists

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Twenty-four gramine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated on MT1 and 5-HT1A receptors in vitro. Among them, seven derivatives (7, 8, 16, 19, 20, 21, and 24) exhibited higher agonisting activities on MT1 or 5-HT1A receptors. Compared with gramine, derivatives 7, 8, 16, 19, 20, 21, and 24 displayed 1.6-3.5-fold increase in agonistic rates on 5-HT1A receptor. Particularly, derivatives 7, 19, and 21 exhibited significant agonistic activities on MT1 and 5-HT1A receptors with EC50 values of 0.51, 0.39, 0.50 mΜ and 0.28, 0.46, 0.23 mΜ, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationships of gramine derivatives were summarized for further investigation on MT1 and 5-HT1A receptors as new potential agonists.
DIABETIC FOOT ULCER GRADES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The management and out come is very much dependent on proper assessment of foot ulcer severity. Objectives: To asses severity of diabetic foot and to find a correlation between Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) and foot ulcer grades. Study design: Prospective study. Period: Jan 2001 to Dec 2003. Patients & Methods and Setting: Patients with diabetic foot ulcers from all the medical and surgical units of Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad were enrolled in the study. Results: Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) levels revealed 5 (5.8%) with ABPI < 0.5 for grade V, 8 patients (9.3%) ABPI 0.5 – 0.89 for grade IV, 18 patients (20.9%) ABPI 0.9-1 for grade III, 44 (51.2%) ABPI 0.9-1 for grade II, and 9 patients (10.5%) ABPI > 1 for grade I diabetic foot ulcer. This data was analyzed via SPSS version 8.0. Conclusions: Ankle brachial pressure index is a good diagnostic tool to assess the lower extremity arterial disease in diabetic foot patients. ABPI readings should be cautiously interpreted as these may be falsely elevated in atherosclerotic patients.
Apraxic Agraphia With Neglect-induced Paragraphia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Agraphia may result from the loss or unavailability of the memory of movements necessary to form written letters. For this mechanism to be invoked, it must first be demonstrated that there is no language deficit and that there is no disconnection between language and motor areas. A left-handed patient demonstrated bilateral agraphia and apraxia, but not aphasia, following a right parietal infarction. Preservation of the ability to type with the left hand demonstrated that the right hemisphere was not disconnected from language input. In addition, paragraphic errors while typing were shown to be secondary to left hemispatial neglect.
RARE PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY – HYPER-IgE-SYNDROME: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article is dedicated to one of the rare primary immunodeficiency pathologies – hyper-IgE-syndrome. The authors present a clinical case from their own practice and a literature review on this disease. Inheritance, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and hyper-IgE-syndrome diagnostics issues are also examined in the article. The article shows differences of disease course at different inheritance types – autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive.