jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shifts in surface microbiota after cleaning and disinfection in broiler processing plants: incomplete biofilm eradication revealed by robotic high-throughput screening

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Broiler processing environments are a source of spoilage bacteria and potential pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) on bacterial load and diversity in two broiler processing plants and to determine the efficacy of industry-standard disinfectants (DIs). C&D significantly reduced average bacterial loads on surfaces from 3.7 to 1.8 log CFU/cm 2 in Plant A and from 7.0 to 3.8 log CFU/cm 2 in Plant B ( P < 0.001). Metataxonomics revealed that Acinetobacter and an unknown Enterobacteriaceae genus dominated before C&D in Plants A and B, respectively, while Pseudomonas was predominant after C&D in both plants. Bacterial diversity only declined significantly after C&D in Plant B. Bacterial loads also declined across hygienic zones along the broiler processing line in Plant A. During slaughter, Staphylococcus , Lactobacillus , and Anoxybacillus dominated, and bacterial loads were significantly higher compared with post-slaughter zones, which were dominated by Pseudomonas . Culture-dependent analyses confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas spp. and also bacteria affecting food safety, including Listeria monocytogenes , Escherichia coli , Yersinia enterocolitica , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . A selection of these was tested against DIs using robotic high-throughput screening. At the recommended user concentrations, DIs effectively inhibited planktonic bacteria and significantly reduced mono-species biofilms. However, none of the DIs completely eradicated all biofilms at these concentrations, with survival rates ranging from 7% to 53%, depending on the DI. In conclusion, C&D effectively reduces the bacterial burden and reshapes the bacterial microbiota with incomplete biofilm eradication by commercial DIs. IMPORTANCE Broiler meat continues to be involved in bacterial disease outbreaks. The surface microbiota in broiler processing environments can be a source of contaminating bacteria. Our study highlights the importance of effective C&D routines since potential pathogens and spoilage bacteria are found in these environments. Furthermore, the study provides evidence of biofilms surviving high concentrations of industry-standard DIs. This emphasizes the importance of additional measures to facilitate biofilm removal, such as mechanical cleaning, but also suggests that there is a need for DIs with stronger biofilm eradication capabilities. Ultimately, it is important to understand and continuously improve the state of hygiene in broiler processing plants to mitigate the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.
A univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study of the causal association of arterial stiffness with bone mineral density and osteoporosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This investigation employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal associations of arterial stiffness with bone loss or osteoporosis. Genetic instruments for arterial stiffness index (ASI) were identified in previous genome-wide association studies, with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) subjected to rigorous selection criteria. The causal links between ASI and osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) (femoral neck, forearm, lumbar spine) were examined using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Leave-one-out (for SNPs) and reverse MR analyses were also performed. An increased ASI was causally related to a decreased forearm BMD risk (IVW method; odds ratio [OR] = 0.593, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.408–0.862); no other causal links were identified. The multivariate MR analyses confirmed persistent links between ASI and forearm BMD after adjusting for body mass index (OR = 0.551, 95% CI: 0.309–0.983) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.690, 95% CI: 0.547–0.872). The reverse MR analysis identified no significant effects of BMD or osteoporosis on ASI. Overall, increased ASI was causally associated with reduced forearm BMD.
Pride and Prejudice and the Comedy of Perfectionism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 4 interprets Austen’s beloved comedy of marriage in dialogue with Cavell’s philosophy of comic remarriage. In its first half I consider the charismatic art of Pride and Prejudice as a form of the conversational “sequel,” as Pride and Prejudice the cultural phenomenon comprises an unbounded event of uncontainable circulation and exchange. The chapter’s second half gives visibility to Cavell’s omission of the genealogy of the European concept of perfectibility from his Emersonian inflection of moral perfectionism. Cavell has never explicitly laid out or paid homage to the trajectory, tensions, and implications of perfectibility as a concept found in European philosophy and literature of the Enlightenment. The omission impacts a Cavellian reading of Pride and Prejudice by laying new stress on how Austen uses comic style to articulate her own fictional stance against the disembodiment and rhetorical rigidity of much thinking on “perfectibility” – especially Godwin’s. At the center of Jane Austen and Other Minds, the chapter enacts a hinge-movement regarding philosophy’s historical and material conditions and gender as topics of emergent interest in late Cavell.
Carrier dilution in TiSe2 based intergrowth compounds for enhanced thermoelectric performance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Synthesis and electrical properties of kinetically stabilized (PbSe)1+δ(TiSe2)n thin-film intergrowths are reported for 1 ≤ n ≤ 18. The carriers donated to the TiSe2 from PbSe are diluted with increasing n, leading to a systematic increase in the Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric power factor.
Relationship Between Resilience and School Culture with Psychological Well-Being of School Teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The teaching profession today is becoming increasingly challenging. This study aims to review school culture, the level of resilience and psychological well-being of teachers in primary schools. Differences in psychological well-being based on length of service and the relationship between resilience and school culture with psychological well-being were also studied. This study also identified the main factors that contribute to the psychological well-being of primary school teachers. Quantitative methods were used with a correlational design involving a total of 256 primary school teachers who were randomly selected from the state of Perak. The instruments used for this study are the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Workplace Resilience Scale and the Gruenert and Vallentine Positive School Culture Scale. The research data was analyzed using SPSS software which involved descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings of the study found that resilience and school culture have a relationship with the psychological well-being of teachers in primary schools. However, only resilience is a factor for the well-being of teachers in primary schools. The findings of the study may help the education sector, especially the state education department in enacting new policies and also provide training for teachers in order to increase the resilience and psychological well-being of today's teachers.
[Comparative study of nosocomial and community acquired lower respiratory tract infections. A prospective study of 232 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Quantitative sputum culture, single catheter protected specimen brush, blood culture, culture of pleural and other body fluid were used in a prospective study of 232 cases of lower respiratory tract infection. 123 cases of nosocomial infection (Group 1) and 109 cases of community acquired infection (Group 2) were analyzed comparatively. Significant underlying diseases were present in 100% of Group 1 and 66.1% of Group 2. 74.8% of Group 1 and 9.2% of Group 2 had previous antimicrobial therapy with two antibiotics or more. 123 species of bacteria were isolated in 82 cases (66.7%) in group 1. The predominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli (60.6%), such as Enteric coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. In group 2, 89 species were obtained in 83 cases (76.2%). Gram-positive Streptococcus was 48.6% (Streptococcus pneumoniae 15.6%). Polymicrobial infections, fungal infections and bilateral involvement on radiography were more common in Group 1 than in group 2. Mortality was 8.1% in Group 1 and 0 in Group 2 (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that patients who had underlying diseases and inappropriate antibiotic therapy were at increased risk for nosocomial infections.
eLife Assessment: SCC3 acts as the cohesin and inhibits inter-sister chromatids repair during rice meiosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein responsible for holding sister chromatids together during mitosis and meiosis. Each subunit is functionally essential, and their deletion is always lethal. SCC3 is a highly conserved constituent of the cohesin complex. However, the exact mitotic and meiotic functions of SCC3 in rice remains to be elucidated. Here, we found null alleles of SCC3 cause embryo lethality. Only scc3 weak mutants could survive and show vegetative and reproductive defects. Specifically, the replication process of sister chromatids is disturbed in scc3 during interphase both in mitosis and meiosis. Moreover, SCC3 has distinct localization patterns between mitotic and meiotic cells. The numbers of DMC1, RAD51 and ZIP4 foci are significantly decreased in scc3, and ZEP1 displays as an abnormal punctate foci during zygotene. Importantly, the scc3 fails to synapse, but in this case chromosome fragmentation is absent. Thus, SCC3 seems to inhibit inter-sister chromatids repair (ISR), and this process is independent of DMC1-mediated ISR.
Growth and Feed Utilization by Golden Grey Mullet (Liza aurata) in a Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem, Fed Compound Feeds with Varying Protein Levels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of complimentary compound feeds with varying protein levels on growth performance, feed utilization, and whole body composition were studied in golden grey mullet, Liza aurata. Fish of initial weight 51.1±5.2 g were raised in hapas in a coastal lagoon and fed four iso-energetic diets containing 25%, 30%, 35% or 45% of crude protein for 20 weeks. L. aurata reared on the experimental diets showed relatively low growth rates (SGR ranged from 0.40 to 0.48%/day, and feed utilization parameters (FE ranged from 0.27 to 0.34) among dietary groups consistent with the known slow growth rate of the species. The growth performance and feed utilization of L. aurata was not significantly affected by dietary protein level, despite the fact that there was a trend indicating better fish growth and feed efficiency with increasing dietary protein level. This is indicative of the low protein requirements of L. aurata, although it could be that higher dietary protein concentrations could possibly improve growth performance. The farming of low-trophic species such as L. aurata allows under-utilized trophic resources to be better exploited for fish production. Thus any future advances in understanding the nutrition and feeding of L. aurata under culture conditions, could improve further the potential of this species, especially in regional and coastal aquaculture.
HATHA YOGA TRAINING HAS SIMILAR EFFECTS WITH TAI CHI TRAINING IN DECREASING BLOOD PRESSURE IN PRE-ELDERLY WITH GRADE I HYPERTENSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The increase of life expectancy theis more complex health problem is which suffered by the elderly. The problem in health which is often occurred that is instability of blood pressure which dominated by hypertension. One of methods to decrease high blood pressure is by increasing physical activity. Physical activity reduces the risk of hypertention by decreasing resistance of blood pressure and surpressing the activity in sympathetic nerves system and renin-angiotensin system. This research aims to discover Hatha Yoga training and Tai Chi traning in decreasing blood pressure in pre-elderly with grade I hypertension in Banjar Batu, Mengwi sub-distict, Badung Regency. This research used experimental design with pre test and post test two group design. Group I was given Hatha Yoga and Group II was given Tai Chi. The sample in this research is 20 people (man and woman) who suffered grade I hypertension and aged in 45-49 years old. The training was done in 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The result of the research shows that the decrease of blood pressure is shown Group I in systole is 5,60±1,43 mmHg and diastole is 4,00±1,94 mmHg, with value p=0,00. In Group II, there is a decrease in systole blood pressure is 4,90±0,99 mmHg and diastole 4,30±2,05 mmHg, with value p=0,00. There is no significant difference in the decrease of blood pressure between Group I and Group II with blood pressure in systole is p=0,378 (p>0,05) and in diastole is p=0,805 (p>0,05). The conclusion is that Hatha Yoga training is as goof as Tai Chi training in decreasing blood pressure in pre-elderly with mild hypertention. Keywords: Hatha Yoga; Tai Chi; Pre Elderly; Grade I Hypertension
Physicians provide continuum of care for Desert Storm fighting forces

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

DESERT STORM combat medical plans call for a continuum of care from the Middle East's frontlines to US hospitals. Wounds to the extremities have been the most common for US soldiers in wars of the latter half of this century and that is projected to be true again for US forces in the current coalition effort to oust the Iraqi invaders from Kuwait. In the recent past, wounded who have lived to reach a military hospital usually have survived and this also is expected to continue to be the case now for US forces in the Persian Gulf area.

Desert Shield/Storm

Still, unofficial casualty projections— as the 5-month Operation Desert Shield buildup of forces moved into the post-United Nations deadline Operation Desert Storm combat phase (January 16)—vary from 1800 (300 dead) to well over 45 000 (10 000 or more dead) among the 28 allied nations and up to 60
Association of Bactericidal Dysfunction of Paneth Cells in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice with Insulin Deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with increased risks of enteric infection. Paneth cells constitute the first line of the gut defense. Little is known about the impact of T1DM on the bactericidal function of intestinal Paneth cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS A T1DM mouse model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. The analysis of intestinal microbiota and the mucosal bactericidal assay were conducted to evaluate intestinal innate defense. Numbers of Paneth cells and their expression of related antimicrobial peptides were analyzed. Expression of total insulin receptor (IR) mRNA and relative levels of IR-A/IR-B were analyzed. The primary mouse small intestinal crypt culture was used to analyze the effect of insulin and glucose on the expression of related antimicrobial peptides of Paneth cells. RESULTS In T1DM mice, bacterial loads were increased and there was an alteration in the composition of the intestinal microflora. Exogenous bacteria had better survival in the small bowel of the T1DM mice. The expression of Paneth cell-derived antimicrobial peptides was significantly decreased in the T1DM mice, although the number of Paneth cells was increased. Relative levels of IR-A/IR-B in Paneth cells of diabetic mice were elevated, but the total IR mRNA did not change. Insulin treatment restored the expression of antimicrobial peptides and normalized the microbiota in the gut of T1DM mice. Subsequently, in vitro culture assay demonstrated that insulin rather than glucose was essential for the optimal expression of Paneth cell-derived antimicrobial peptides. CONCLUSIONS The bactericidal function of intestinal Paneth cells was impaired in STZ-induced diabetic mice, resulting in the altered intestinal flora, and insulin was essential for the optimal expression of Paneth cell-derived antimicrobial peptides.
Some Preliminary Thoughts on the Human Demands of Automation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

it has often been suggested that some of the lines of work developed during and since the war in relation to Service problems can be directly applied to automation: studies for example, of responses to rapid series of signals, of situations requiring vigilance, and of displays and display-control relationships?in short, the stuff of which the psychological aspect of ergonomics has in large measure hitherto consisted. It would seem, how ever, that these studies are directly relevant in only a very limited way. Industrial conditions from this point of view are more leisurely and predictable than those in the Services, so that rapid response is seldom needed except in rare circumstances, as, for example, in sudden emergencies. Vigilance situa tions are of types which have in the past shown relatively little problem in that they do not involve the observation of short-duration signals occurring at random, but of watching developing trends in a situation where signals for action do not quickly come and go but gradually increase in magnitude until they are dealt with. Men can get used to almost any display conditions and display-control relationships that are not so obviously wrong that they have already been considered from an ad hoc point of view by management and engineers. There is still a great deal of research to be done on these matters for industry has not managed to solve all its own problems in this area, or indeed to realize them, but solving them would not remove many
Correlation between Knowledge and Attitudes with COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in High School Students in Surabaya Raya, East Java, Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 continues to mutate, with some forming new, relatively more dangerous variants. Surabaya Raya including Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik is the most affected areas by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in East Java Province. One of the reasons for the increase in COVID-19 cases is due to inappropriate COVID-19 prevention behavior. Knowledge and attitudes are important factors that can influence a person's behavior. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention behavior in high school students. This type of research used analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The subjects in this study were 176 students from SMA 4 Muhammadiyah Surabaya, SMA Negeri 1 Sidoarjo, and MA Mamba'ul Hisan Gresik who had filled in the questionnaire. The dependent variable in this study is COVID-19 prevention behavior. The independent variables in this study included gender, history of being infected with COVID-19, knowledge, and attitudes. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The variables studied that are related to COVID-19 prevention behavior in high school students are knowledge (p = 0.027; PR = 0.48) and attitudes (p = 0.000; PR = 6.83). The variables studied that did not have a relationship were gender (p = 0.537) and a history of being infected with COVID-19 (p = 0.974). Knowledge and attitudes are significantly related to COVID-19 prevention behavior, but not to gender and history of COVID-19 disease. Community service is one of the important efforts in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of high school students. Keywords: COVID-19, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior.
EQUITY AND ACCESSIBILITY CHALLENGES FOR "LIVEABLE" AUSTRALIAN CITIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There has been increasing interest in holistic assessment of the value of transport initiatives. This is sometimes described as Triple E assessment because it considers the Economy, Equity and the Environment. Organisational performance in addressing these three aspects of developments is measured to produce a Triple Bottom line report. This paper describes the first stages of research to find better measures of transport equity by improving measurement of accessibility. Via a case study of travellers and travel in Western Sydney the paper considers the complex interactions land use, socio-economic characteristics of the population and travel patterns. The results clearly show high motor vehicle dependence, but they also cast doubt on the adequacy of some proposed solutions to reduce motor traffic. The analysis shows the benefit of considering spatial aspects of accessibility at fine area level and suggests that linking this to more detail consideration of cultural needs and preference would be helpful in informing planning to improve transport equity. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E210528.
Bridging the Gap Between 2D and 3D Contexts in CT Volume for Liver and Tumor Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic liver and tumor segmentation remain a challenging topic, which subjects to the exploration of 2D and 3D contexts in CT volume. Existing methods are either only focus on the 2D context by treating the CT volume as many independent image slices (but ignore the useful temporal information between adjacent slices), or just explore the 3D context lied in many little voxels (but damage the spatial detail in each slice). These factors lead an inadequate context exploration together for automatic liver and tumor segmentation. In this paper, we propose a novel full-context convolution neural network to bridge the gap between 2D and 3D contexts. The proposed network can utilize the temporal information along the Z axis in CT volume while retaining the spatial detail in each slice. Specifically, a 2D spatial network for intra-slice features extraction and a 3D temporal network for inter-slice features extraction are proposed separately and then are guided by the squeeze-and-excitation layer that allows the flow of 2D context and 3D temporal information. To address the severe class imbalance issue in the CT volume and meanwhile improve the segmentation performance, a loss function consisting of weighted cross-entropy and jaccard distance is proposed. During the network training, the 2D and 3D contexts are learned jointly in an end-to-end way. The proposed network achieves competitive results on the Liver Tumor Segmentation Challenge (LiTS) and the 3D-IRCADB datasets. This method should be a new promising paradigm to explore the contexts for liver and tumor segmentation.