jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Radial diffusion coefficient for counter-passing MeV ions in the TFTR tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The radial diffusion coefficient for confined counter-passing MeV ions is evaluated in a new way, using measurements of escaping D-D fusion products. A class of passing ions near the plasma centre is measured whose orbits could eventually diffuse across their passing/trapped boundary, resulting in unconfined trapped orbits which can be detected at the plasma wall. The analysis indicates that the passing MeV ion diffusion coefficient D is smaller than ≈0.1 m2/s, which is small compared to the thermal diffusivities of ≈1 m2/s for these plasmas. The same experiment and analysis should be applicable to alpha particles in D-T plasmas.
A parallel genetic programming for single class classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present an algorithm based on genetic programming for single (one) class classification that uses one set containing similar patterns in training process. This type of problem is called single (one) class classification, a novel detection. The proposed algorithm was tested and compared to seven other traditional methods based on two publicly available transcriptomic and proteomic time series datasets and two public breast cancer datasets. The results show that the algorithm could find most similar patterns in the databases with rather low misclassification rates. We also applied parallel genetic programming for this algorithm and it proves that the island model can give better solutions than sequential genetic programming.
The least squares fit of a hyperplane to uncertain data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The authors became interested in this problem because they wanted to calibrate their laser range cameras. Laser range cameras are powerful tools for defining the Cartesian coordinates of surfaces of objects in an environment. The camera scans a laser beam over a scene and determines the distance ({tau}) by the time required for the beam to reach an object and return. The beam is directed back and forth ({phi}) and up and down {theta} by two rotating mirrors. Thus, the data measured by the camera has the form ({tau}, {phi}, {theta}). The geometry of the camera can be used to map the measured data to Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z). Since the geometry of the camera may not be known precisely, the cameras can be calibrated by comparing the calculated surface shapes to the known surface shapes. The most simple surface is a plane and many physical objects have planar surfaces. Thus, an important problem in the calibration of range cameras is to find the best (least squares) fit of a plane to a set of 3D points. For many least squares problems, the uncertainty is in one of the variables [for example, y = f(x) or z = f(xy)]. However, for some problems, the uncertainty is in the geometric transformation from measured data to Cartesian coordinates and all of the calculated variables are uncertain. The authors have formulated a constrained optimization problem to determine the least squares fit of a hyperplane to uncertain data. The first order necessary conditions require the solution of an eigenvalue problem. They have shown that the solution satisfies the second order conditions (the Hessian matrix is positive definite). Thus, the solution satisfies the sufficient conditions for a local minimum. They have performed numerical experiments that demonstrate that the solution is superior to alternative methods.
Real-Time ECG Analysis Using a TI TMSC54x Digital Signal Processing Chip

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Real-time template-based correlation was implemented on the Texas Instruments TMSC5402 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip to allow for the detection of abnormal QRS-complexes in electrocardiographic signals. Several novel techniques were used to achieve real-time implementation of correlation algorithms, as well as development of an automatic template generation module. The main goal was the successful development of an algorithm to rapidly and efficiently detect irregular QRS complexes. This is implemented by software embedded in a DSP chip using limited memory resources. Once the algorithm produces a favorable correlation of a normal QRS, the timer is reset (and alarm deactivated, if active) indicating a normal passage. Values of the timer and correlation threshold are also displayed on an oscilloscope to allow for visual inspection of the system while executing. This paper describes an academic undergraduate semester-long project in the implementation of an arrhythmia (abnormal beat) detector accomplished via a standard DSP chip. The bulk of the project consisted of software design, which was kept modular to facilitate the visualization of project flow and modification of individual software components. The system can easily be implemented on a small DSP,
Comparison of Anthropometric Dimensions of Lower Limb Between Bangladeshi Male & Female Garment Workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: The measurement of lower limb dimensions showed a high success rate in establishing individual identity in terms of sex and stature in various populations. The study was aimed to measure the thigh length, lower leg length, biepicondylar breadth of femur & bimalleolar breadth of Bangladeshi garment workers. Materials and Methods: Sixty male & sixty female aged 20-35 years were enrolled in this study. The anthropometric measurements of the subjects were measured with the help of anthropometric equipment such as digital slide calipers and flexible measuring tape. Results: Male garment workers had higher mean values of lower limb variables (p<0.001). Conclusion: In the present study significantly higher value of anthropometric measurements was found in male Bangladeshi garment workers than female. These results are significant in forensics and orthopedic reconstructive surgery. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2019, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 32-35
Case Study - Managing Supply Chain Labour Rights Risk in Our North Sea Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

At bp we believe that everyone working for bp should be treated fairly and with respect. This is embedded in our ‘Who we are’ values of care for others (figure 1). When we get this right, we have a more productive and safer workforce, as well as better communication and relationships within our workforce. Examples of how labour rights concerns may show up in a workplace if poorly managed are individuals not being paid on time or fully, being or feeling harassed, the perception of not being able to leave a work environment, or the fear to speak up if there is a concern in the workplace. The collective term used at bp for this is labour rights and modern slavery or LRMS risk management.
Influencing cell fate decisions using physical and chemical cues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Directed genetic reprogramming of cells from one identity to another offers tremendous potential in regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug testing. However, its application is limited by the low efficiency at which it occurs, and existing methods to improve efficiency mostly utilize additional molecular biology and biochemical manipulations. This thesis explored an alternative paradigm for improving reprogramming efficiency: presentation of physical cues. To this end, I first showed that simply agitating an adherent culture with an orbital shaker enhanced its efficiency of reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). I further demonstrated that convective mixing of the culture medium by orbital agitation blunted the upregulation of CDK inhibitor p57/Kip2 that was caused by the culture becoming overconfluent, which in turn enhanced the efficiency of reprogramming to iPSCs. Next, I showed that culturing reprogramming cells on solid supports scored with microgrooves enhanced their reprogramming into cardiomyocytes. I demonstrated that the microgrooves caused upregulation of the activity of the transcription factor megakaryoblastic leukemia-1 (Mkl1) / myocardin-related transcription factor A (Mrtf-a) and also enhanced organization of sarcomeric structure, with both effects contributing to better reprogramming efficiency. In addition to physical cues, I also explored whether treatment with only small molecules could reprogram fibroblasts into skeletal muscle cells. Indeed, I found that an optimized basal medium (10% FBS in DMEM with 50 Î¼g/ml of ascorbic acid and 50 ng/ml of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)) containing just 2 small moleculesâ 616452 [an inhibitor of the protein kinase activity of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-Î²) type I receptor (R1)] and forskolin (a plant diterpene that stimulates adenylyl cyclase and elevates the intracellular level of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP)âwas sufficient to achieve reprogramming at high efficiency. In summary, this thesis described how both physical and chemical cues can contribute to enhancing the reprogramming of cell identity.
Critical examination of synonymy of social Vespidae of metropolitan France (Hymenoptera : Vespidae). – Part 1 (Polistinae).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The author analyzes the validity of the synonymies of the Polistinae taxa recorded in metropolitan France. The following taxa are considered as nomina dubia : Vespa bimaculata Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785 ; Vespa nimpha Christ, 1791 ; Polistes italica Herrich-Schäffer, 1841 ; Polistes pectoralis « Meg. » Herrich-Schäffer, 1841 ; Polistes gallica var. lefebvrei Guérin-Méneville, 1844 ; Polistes maculatus (Derv.) Rudow, 1889 ; Polistes gallicus var. rufescens Buysson, 1912 ; Polistes gallica pacifica Weyrauch, 1939. Polistes opinabilis Kohl, 1898 turns out to be the earliest available name for Polistes nimpha auctorum. A catalog of the synonymies of the different species of the subgenus Polistes is provided.
Design and Thermal Profiling of Ethyl Carbazole-Based Poly(phenoxy-imine)s: Synthesis and Characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

A series of Schiff base monomers were synthesized via the condensation of 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole with various aldehydes, including 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA), 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (2-HNA), and ortho-vanillin (OV). These monomers were subsequently polymerized through oxidative polycondensation using NaOCl as the oxidant to yield corresponding poly(phenoxy-imine)s, namely Poly(3ECIMP), Poly(4ECIMP), Poly(ECIMN), and Poly(ECIMMP). The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using FT-IR, UV-Vis, and both 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Thermal characterization using TG-DTA and DSC demonstrated that the synthesized polymers possess excellent thermal stability, as evidenced by their glass transition temperatures between 145 and 161°C and char yields reaching up to 38.22% at 1000°C. Furthermore, limiting oxygen index (LOI) values exceeding 28% indicate that these materials exhibit self-extinguishing behavior. Photoluminescence studies conducted in DMF demonstrated intense fluorescence, particularly for Poly(ECIMN), which exhibited yellow-orange emission upon excitation at 502 nm due to the presence of naphthalene moieties that enhance π-electron delocalization. Optical and electrochemical band gap analyses indicated significantly reduced Eg values for the polymers compared to their monomers, with Poly(ECIMN) showing the lowest band gap of 2.39 eV. Cyclic voltammetry results aligned with optical measurements, confirming improved charge transfer characteristics in the conjugated polymer backbone. Surface morphology assessed by FE-SEM revealed porous structures, suggesting applicability in gas adsorption or catalytic systems. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) confirmed the formation of high molecular weight polymers with narrow polydispersity indices. Collectively, the unique combination of thermal durability, photophysical responsiveness, and structural robustness highlights the potential of these ethyl carbazole-based poly(phenoxy-imine)s in applications spanning optoelectronics, thermal protection, and fluorescence-based sensing.
UNIVERSAL LEARNING ACTIONS IN THE LESSONS OF MATHEMATICS FOR STUDENTS OF PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The concept of the formation of universal educational activities was developed (UUD) on the basis of a system-activity approach. It reveals the patterns of their formation in children at different stages of age development. The priority task of the modern education system is the formation of a set of universal educational activities that provide the competence to "teach to learn", and not just the development of specific subject knowledge and skills of individual disciplines by schoolchildren.
RUPTURE RISK PREDICTION OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS USING OPEN SOURCE CFD SOFTWARE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an important tool for blood flow simulation in intracranial aneurysms. The objective of this study is to describe CFD patterns in intracranial aneurysms based on simulations in order to interfere with clinical decisions to treat patients with this disease. We randomly selected 8 intracranial aneurysms with good quality CT angiogram (CTA). The open-source VMTK® (Vascular Modeling Toolkit) software was used to create surface models and CFD meshes. The open-source OpenFOAM® CFD solver was used to perform the CFD simulations and ParaView® was used for post-processing. Typical parameters associated with aneurysm rupture, such as wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and WSS gradient, were evaluated to determine if they may help predict aneurysm rupture probability. We have found regions where the WSS remained low during the entire cardiac cycle combined with high values of OSI and regions where the WSS remained high combined high WSS gradient. We associate these regions with high risk of rupture.
Chapter Thirteen. Morals and social life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The themes discussed in this chapter cover the areas of morals and social, community-related, civilization-related, and political considerations. The theme of jihad and the theme of sacrifice are part of the ten pillars of the Brotherhood, fundamental principles developed by Hassan Al-Bannā, around which the life of militants is to be organized. Founding his argument upon several suras, he established the centrality of the pre-existing Islamic concept of jihad. The themes of good behavior and the crucial role of the family are very central. This includes the investment made by women in their education, and of active participation in society once her responsibilities towards her family have been fulfilled, is also subject to sustained attention. The zakāt as a principle of social justice does not constitute a priority in MB circles. Certainly, the practice of giving money, of zakāt is one of the pillars of Islam.Keywords: Hassan Al-Bannā; Islamic morality; jihad; social justice
USE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FOR POST-HARVEST PRESERVATION OF 'VEGA' CUT ROSES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Use of natural products as floral preservatives has helped to reduce the indiscriminate use of chemical products in flower preservation. In this study, we tested the ability of certain natural products to maintain the quality and to increase the commercial durability of 'Vega' cut roses. We employed a randomized factorial design with six post-harvest treatments and four evaluation dates. The following treatments were tested: 1) distilled water; 2) methyl jasmonate (350 mu M) applied in a four-hour pulse; 3) methyl jasmonate (500 mu M) spraying; 4) mint oil (100 ppm); 5) ginger oil (100 ppm); and 6) propolis (0.05%) as a maintenance solution. Flowers were kept at 20+/-2 degrees C and 67+/-3% RH. Physiological and qualitative evaluations were conducted. Natural products had a beneficial effect on the shelf life of the flowers. However, for all evaluated parameters, the methyl jasmonate spray was the most efficient treatment to maintain floral quality, resulting in less fresh-mass loss and a lower flower respiratory rate. Methyl jasmonate spray also improved the maintenance of coloration, relative water content and concentration of reducing sugars, thus extending the shelf life of roses.
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and the Properties of Soils in Forests of Vologda Region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Twenty plots (20 m2 each) were selected in coniferous and mixed forests of the industrial Vologda district and the Vytegra district without developed industries in Vologda region. In March, snow cores corresponding to the snow cover depth were taken on these plots. In August, soil samples from the 0- to 20-cm layer of litter-free soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol (Ochric)) were taken on the same plots in August. The content of mineral nitrogen (Nmin), including its ammonium (NH+4) and nitrate (NO-3) forms, was determined in the snow (meltwater) and soil. The contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and elements (Al, Ca); pH; particle size distribution; and microbiological parameters―carbon of microbial biomass (Cmic) and microbial respiration (MR)―were determined in the soil. The ratio MR/Cmic = qCO2 (specific respiration of microbial biomass, or soil microbial metabolic quotient) was calculated. The content of Nmic in meltwater of two districts was 1.7 mg/L on the average (1.5 and 0.3 mg/L for the NH+4 and NO–3 forms, respectively). The annual atmospheric deposition was 0.6–8.9 kg Nmin/ha, the value of which in the Vologda district was higher than in the Vytegra district by 40%. Reliable correlations were found between atmospheric NH+4 depositions and Cmic (–0.45), between NH+4 and qCO2 (0.56), between atmospheric NO-3 depositions and the soil NO-3 (–0.45), and between NO-3 and qCO2 (–0.58). The content of atmospheric Nmin depositions correlated with the ratios C/N (–0.46) and Al/Ca (–0.52) in the soil. In forests with the high input of atmospheric nitrogen (>2.0 kg NH+4/(ha yr) and >6.4 kg Nmin/(ha yr)), a tendency of decreasing Cmic, C/N, and Al/Ca, as well as increasing qCO2, was revealed, which could be indicative of deterioration in the functioning of microbial community and the chemical properties of the soil.
Attack from AIDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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5. Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

末梢動脈疾患（Peripheral Artery Disease；PAD）の診断や治療効果の判定において，超音波検査（ultrasonography：US）は，血管形態評価と血流評価を行える有用な検査法である．実際の検査では，病変部位の同定，狭窄率算出，治療後の評価など様々にチェックするポイントがある．また検査範囲が広いために一度に描出できる範囲が狭いUSでは，効率のよい検査が求められる．
Assessment of blood pressure response to physical activity: influence on the results of five-step stress echocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Due to the high prevalence of hypertensive blood pressure response to exercise (HER) during stress echocardiography (SE), the unclear prognostic significance, and the possible impact on SE results, it seems appropriate to analyze the prevalence of HER in outpatients and inpatients. Additionally, it is essential to identify the influence of HER on the results of the modern SE protocol. Aim To evaluate the incidence of HER during SE with physical activity on a treadmill or horizontal bicycle ergometer in patients and the impact of HER on the results of five-step SE. Materials and methods This single-center study included 193 patients who underwent five-step SE according to clinical indications. The steps in the protocol are as follows: Step A: Evaluates local contractility abnormalities; Step B: Assesses B-lines/diastolic function; Step C: Measures the contractile reserve of the left ventricle; Step D: Assesses the reserve coronary blood flow velocity in the anterior interventricular branch; Step E: Evaluates heart rate reserve. The blood pressure (BP) response to exercise was assessed as hypertensive with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥190 mm Hg on the treadmill and 200 mm Hg on a bicycle ergometer in women, and ≥210 mm Hg and 220 mm Hg, respectively, in men. Alternatively, HER was defined as an increase in SBP ≥180 mm Hg from the second stage of the test or when SBP rises relative to the baseline by ≥60 mm Hg in men and ≥50 mm Hg in women. The incidence of HER during the SE study and the relationship of HER with positive outcomes of the study protocol steps were examined. Results The prevalence of HER in patients undergoing SE was 36.3% (70 patients). Patients with HER were significantly more likely to have low exercise tolerance (p=0.013). Blood flow velocity in the coronary artery, both at rest and under load, and the amount of contractile reserve were significantly higher in patients with HER (p=0.009, p=0.008, and p=0.002, respectively). There was a trend towards a greater value of relative LV wall thickness in patients with HER (p=0.070). Among patients with HER, a decrease in contractile reserve was less common than among patients with an adequate blood pressure response: 45 (64.3%) versus 99 (80.5%) (p=0.013). Conclusion An excessive increase in blood pressure may be a limiting factor, leading to premature termination of testing. Patients with HER are significantly more likely to have poorer exercise tolerance and require more careful monitoring and control of risk factors. There is a relationship between the response of blood pressure to exercise and the results of SE, particularly the effect of peak blood pressure on contractile reserve. The relationship between BP response to exercise and SE steps, as well as its prognostic significance, requires further study.
Cooperating on Architectural Analyses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At our faculty, a three + two year bachelor and masters program is being implemented instead of a five year program.Additionally, a system of five periods of each eight weeks per year is being replaced by a semester-based system.As part of this substantial curriculum review, the role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in the design studio is being reassessed.In this paper, we focus on the fourth semester design studio which will be held each semester from the fall semester of this year on for about 350 students per year, and describe one particular aspect of this role we are developing for this semester.The central design theme of this studio is a small public building.In the progress of the studio, the students will first perform an analysis of select-ed precedents according to various criteria.Given a relatively complex functional program, they will then design and work out the materialization of their building, while documenting their entire design process.The documentation of this design process is stored, managed, organized, and presented in an integrated document management communication environment (Stouffs et al., 2002).We will provide the students with a web-based environment for the storage and management of their analysis, and tools to perform this analysis.In this way, the students will benefit from a collaboration with peers, and by integrating the analysis results into a common, extensible, library, they will be able to draw upon other results for comparisons and relationships between different aspects or buildings.Within this context, we are develop-20