jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Malaysia’s Electoral Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Malaysia will hold its 14th general election before August 2018, bringing renewed focus on the nature of political competition in the country. This paper provides a systematic overview of the electoral process and an assessment of how it shapes the country's political environment. Political competition in Malaysia is extensively manipulated to provide the incumbent government substantial advantages in elections. Most of the manipulations are a result of institutional bias during the pre-election phase. They create a fundamentally uneven playing field that has entrenched the political dominance of the UMNO-led coalition. Electoral manipulations impose numerous costs. These include direct costs like the inefficient allocation of resources, as well as indirect costs like the exacerbating of ethnic divisions. Both channels hinder Malaysia's efforts to reach further developmental milestones. The high degree of electoral manipulation in Malaysia, juxtaposed against its successful developmental record and relative social stability, makes the country an important case for the growing body of research on electoral integrity and malpractice
Expression and Phosphorylation of the Na-Pump Regulatory Subunit Phospholemman in Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracellular [Na] is ≈3 mmol/L higher in heart failure (HF; in our arrhythmogenic rabbit model; 3 ), and this can profoundly affect cardiac Ca and contractile function via Na/Ca exchange and Na/H exchange. Na/K-ATPase is the primary mechanism of Na extrusion. We examine here in HF rabbits (and human hearts) expression of Na/K-ATPase isoforms and phospholemman (PLM), a putative Na/K-ATPase regulatory subunit that inhibits pump function and is a major cardiac phosphorylation target. Na/K-ATPase α1- and α2-isoforms were reduced in HF in rabbit ventricular homogenates (by 24%) and isolated myocytes (by 30% and 17%), whereas α3 was increased (50%) in homogenates and decreased (52%) in myocytes ( P <0.05). Homogenate Na/K-ATPase activity in left ventricle was also decreased in HF. However, we showed previously that Na/K-ATPase characteristics in intact ventricular myocytes were unaltered in HF. To reconcile these findings, we assessed PLM expression, phosphorylation, and association with Na/K-ATPase. PLM coimmunoprecipitated with Na/K-ATPase α1 and α2 in control and HF rabbit myocytes. PLM expression was reduced in HF by 42% in isolated rabbit left ventricular (LV) myocytes, by 48% in rabbit LV homogenates, and by 24% in human LV homogenate. The fraction of PLM phosphorylated at Ser-68 was increased dramatically in HF. Our results are consistent with a role for PLM analogous to that of phospholamban for SR Ca-ATPase (SERCA): inhibition of Na/K-ATPase function that is relieved on PLM phosphorylation. So reduced Na/K-ATPase expression in HF may be functionally offset by lower inhibition by PLM (because of reduced PLM expression and higher PLM phosphorylation).
Electrode Reaction of GaAs Metal Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors in Deionized Water

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The degradation of metal semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MESFET) performance after rinsing for a short time in deionized water is investigated. It is caused by the oxidation of the surface especially in the periphery of metal electrodes. The mechanism of the rapid surface oxidation is contributed by the electrode reaction between and electrode metal. Oxygen dissolved in deionized water has a significant effect on the reaction.
Solar heat helps harvest humidity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Renewable Resources
Atmospheric humidity and droplets constitute a huge freshwater resource, especially at the low relative humidity (RH) levels typical of arid environments. Water can be adsorbed by microporous materials such as zeolites, but often, making these materials release the water requires too much energy to be practical. Kim et al. used a metal-organic framework (MOF) material that has a steep increase in water uptake over a narrow RH range to harvest water, using only ambient sunlight to heat the material. They obtained 2.8 liters of water per kilogram of MOF daily at 20% RH.

Science , this issue p. [430][1]

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam8743
Simulation and optimization of electrical discharge machining process using matlab

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a nonconventional milling in which holes or shape can be created without any contact between electrode and work piece during the material removal process. Throughout the machining process a series of stochastic sparks are produced when the gap between electrode and work piece is very narrow just about 10 to 50 microns. Controlling this gap in micro dimension not only depends on electrode position but also on work piece surface. So a combination of PID controller and EDM process is used to monitor the gap. In this study an indirect measurement of surface position is carried out by implementing voltage average gap model. And Simulink models have been done to simulate the dynamic behavior of EDM system. Finally Particle Swarm Optimization technique is applied to find optimal performance parameters to have maximum Material Removal Rate.
Is subclinical hypothyroidism a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood sugar that first appears during pregnancy. Multiple articles have described a relationship between hypothyroidism/subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and a rise in the risk of concomitant pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the effect of SCH on pregnancy is uncertain in the literature. We clarified the contribution of SCH to GDM development. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study. From the patient records, the first 250 pregnant women who applied to our hospital for screening at 20-24 weeks and had glucose tolerance tests were included in our study. Retrospectively, all these pregnant women’s first-trimester thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were recorded. We created two groups according to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results: a case group diagnosed with GDM and a control group with average blood glucose. Their first-trimester TSH levels were compared between the two groups and defined whether they had euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH=2.5- 5.5mIU/L) or overt hypothyroidism (TSH >5.5). Results: We diagnosed 37 of 191 patients (19.4%) with GDM. When we checked the case and control groups, the mean TSH of the GDM group was 1.8 mIU/L, and the control group was 1.7 mIU/L, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.121). 24.32% (n=9) of 37 pregnant women with GDM were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism/hypothyroidism; this rate was as low as 14.93% (n=28) in the non-GDM group, but no statistical difference was found (p=0.21). Conclusion: It can be predicted that other accompanying factors may be the primary determinant in the development of GDM rather than subclinical hypothyroidism. Risk scales that include the first trimester TSH level should be established for the development of GDM.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA INJECTIONS GIVEN IN OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE IN TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;: Osteoarthritis(OA) knee cases are increasing day by day and with no established cure of disease only palliative ( analgesics ) therapy is given.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection aim at reducing the pain as well as causing regeneration of articular cartilage partially reversing the disease process.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: 49 patients with OA were given PRP injection and followed up for a period of 48 weeks .&nbsp;Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) wasused to evaluate the results of the study.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: Patients showed marked improvement in symptoms after the PRP injection but patients having higher body mass index( BMI ) had relatively poorer response totherapy.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Our study concluded that PRP injection is an effective modality in the treatment of OA knee whose long term effects are yet to be determined.&lt;/p&gt;
A blood bank in the People's Republic of China.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The author of this article recalls his visit to a blood donor center in 700 bed general Red Cross Hospital in Shanghai. Though the blood banking he describes might be viewed as simplistic and devoid of sophistication, the author believes that the report should serve as a stimulus to reevaluate our blood banking procedures. Are they redundant? Are they all necessary? Are they cost effective?
CMOS integrated current mode wave active filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Examples of implementation of continuous time current mode wave active filters in CMOS technology are given. The circuits derived are well suited for integration. The tuning process is simple and the filters are inherently adaptable. The tuning of filter Q using G/sub m/ tuning is demonstrated. It is shown that for medium-frequency filters phase tuning is not required, and that for high-frequency filters the Q of filters can be tuned by tuning amplifier G/sub m/ values. The effects of imperfections on filter performance are discussed.< >
Myocardial infarction and stroke subsequent to urinary tract infection (MISSOURI): protocol for a self-controlled case series using linked electronic health records

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction There is increasing interest in the relationship between acute infections and acute cardiovascular events. Most previous research has focused on understanding whether the risk of acute cardiovascular events increases following a respiratory tract infection. The relationship between urinary tract infections (UTIs) and acute cardiovascular events is less well studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a causal relationship between UTI and acute myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke. Methods and analysis We will undertake a self-controlled case series study using linked anonymised general practice, hospital admission and microbiology data held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Self-controlled case series is a relatively novel study design where individuals act as their own controls, thereby inherently controlling for time-invariant confounders. Only individuals who experience an exposure and outcome of interest are included. We will identify individuals in the SAIL Databank who have a hospital admission record for acute MI or stroke during the study period of 2010–2020. Individuals will need to be aged 30–100 during the study period and be Welsh residents for inclusion. UTI will be identified using general practice, microbiology and hospital admissions data. We will calculate the incidence of MI and stroke in predefined risk periods following an UTI and in ‘baseline’ periods (without UTI exposure) and use conditional Poisson regression models to derive incidence rate ratios. Ethics and dissemination Data access, research permissions and approvals have been obtained from the SAIL independent Information Governance Review Panel, project number 0972. Findings will be disseminated through conferences, blogs, social media threads and peer-reviewed journals. Results will be of interest internationally to primary and secondary care clinicians who manage UTIs and may inform future clinical trials of preventative therapy.
Collective transportation system management in Algiers area: a game theoretic Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Algiers area several collective transportation means such as: public buses, private buses, tramway, metro, train, etc are available; nevertheless the lack of coordination among them arises some relevant questions concerning the profitability of these means, as well as the satisfaction of travellers. In order to answer these questions, a statistical survey is conducted by the urban dynamics team of our research centre. Furthermore, the present work aims to figure out optimal strategies of both public authority and the private transport union, taking into account the travellers’ reactions. In this direction, a three steps game is considered. To compute a solution to the game under consideration, an ABC algorithm combined to TOPSIS method are used. The whole methodology is applied to Algiers area and bring solutions that motivate the private operators to cooperate with the authorities’ plans. In addition, the developed algorithm has the advantage to be flexible, since it allows multiple optimal solutions.
AGT-Reha-WK study: protocol for a non-inferiority trial comparing the efficacy and costs of home-based telerehabilitation for shoulder diseases with medical exercise therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Shoulder lesions rank among the top 15 diagnoses accounting for days of incapacity to work. Inpatient or full-day outpatient rehabilitation are some of the standard therapies. For sustainable rehabilitation, continuation of rehabilitation after discharge from a rehabilitation centre is vital. Besides medical exercise therapy (MET), home-based physical exercise programmes are used. To monitor exercise quantity and quality, AGT-Reha, a health-enabling technology for home rehabilitation, has been developed and evaluated in a pilot study for technical feasibility and acceptance. To integrate the digital therapeutic AGT-Reha into regular healthcare processes, an efficacy evaluation is required. Methods and analysis AGT-Reha-WK is a prospective, monocentric, non-randomised, unblinded non-inferiority trial. Primary objective is to investigate whether AGT-Reha enhanced home-based exercise training is non-inferior to MET as standard aftercare. Secondary objective is to compare the costs of both therapies. Efficacy as medical success (primary outcome) is examined with regard to ability to work, return to work and sustainability of training (secondary outcomes). The outcome measure for non-inferiority is shoulder function (pain and disability) assessed by the standardised Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The non-inferiority margin is set to 10 points on SPADI score using a 95% CI. Subjects will be recruited at the Rehabilitation Center Bad Pyrmont, Germany. The total number of subjects should be 84 (42 per group). Treatment takes 6 months per patient. Subjects will be assessed at four time points: pre-baseline (admission to rehabilitation centre), baseline (discharge from rehabilitation centre), post-therapy and follow-up (3 months post-therapy). Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School (ethics approval no: 7313). Results of the trial are planned to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00011596. Registered 2 June 2017. Recruitment started on 3 March 2017, and it is expected to continue until December 2020. Protocol version V2.0, 23 May 2018, Amendment 01: improved risk analysis, clarification of exclusion criteria to increase reproducibility, additional documentation with OpenClinica; these changes have no effect on structural equality.
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA CANVA DAN QUIZLET PADA PEMBELAJARAN FABEL DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOREJO PASCAPANDEMI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Current technological developments need to be followed by adaptation to the world of education. However, the problem in the world of education today is that there is still unpreparedness and gaps in the use of technology in the educational sphere. The purpose of this research is as an effort to transform the development of learning media that makes more use of information technology and keeps up with the times. The Canva application can support the learning process because of the many designs provided so that learning materials can be designed more attractively. Then, the Quizlet application provides various features for creating interactive quizzes. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with interview data collection techniques with informants. Based on the results of the research, Canva and Quizlet media for learning fables at SMP Muhammadiyah Purworejo are considered to be very effective. The use of these applications does not make students bored and more interested in learning, so it is hoped that the Canva and Quizlet applications can be used as references or alternatives for teachers in improving student learning outcomes, especially in junior high school students' fable text material
Looking Out, Looking In: The ‘Other' in theJournal of Geography in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Journal of Geography in Higher Education has a vision of being inclusive. This paper examines what the journal, throughout its history, has published on teaching and learning in relation to people and places referred to in contemporary scholarship as the 'Other'. It addresses themes of gender, race/ethnicity, sexuality, and the 'Third World', noting especially the surprising paucity of material on the latter. In particular, the article explores ways in which teaching addresses aspects of students' values and attitudes, and the importance of linking knowledge, emotion, experiential learning and action.
Abstract P202: Early To Midlife Smoking Trajectories And Cognitive Function In Middle Aged Us Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Smoking starts in early adulthood and persists throughout the lifecourse, but the association between these trajectories and midlife cognition remains unclear. We assessed the hypothesis that individuals with a heavy smoking trajectory from early adulthood to midlife would be more likely to demonstrate poor cognition at midlife. Methods: We studied 3364 participants (mean age: 50.1±3.6, 56% female, 46% black) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Smoking trajectories were derived in latent class analysis among 1638 ever smokers based on smoking measures every 2-5 years from baseline (age 18-30, 1985-86) through Year 25 (2010-11). We estimated poor cognition using cognitive domain scores ≥1SD below the mean from tests of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), executive function (Stroop) and memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) at Year 25. Using adjusted logistic regression models, we examined the odds associated with poor midlife cognition and smoking trajectories (reference never smokers, n=1726) from early adulthood to midlife. Results: Five smoking trajectories emerged over 25-years: quitters (20%, 20/100), and minimal stable (40%, 40/100), moderate stable (20%, 20/100), heavy stable (15%, 15/100) and heavy declining smokers (5%, 5/100). As shown in the Figure, heavy stable smokers demonstrated poor cognition on all 3 domains compared to never smokers. Compared to never smokers, both heavy declining and moderate stable smokers exhibited slower processing speed, and heavy declining smokers additionally demonstrated poor executive function. For minimal stable smokers and quitters, no association was observed. Conclusions: In conclusion, we observed a dose-dependent association between early to midlife smoking and cognitive health risk at midlife. Our results underscore the cognitive health risk of moderate and heavy smoking trajectories in early and midlife periods and highlight the potential benefits of quitting, even in midlife.
The Bihole in Quantum Well Structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In GaAs–Ga 1− x Al x Asmany quantum well structures or superlattices the top valence subband VB1 of size quantization is heavy‐hole‐like HH1 and the effective mass m 1 is positive. The second valence subband VB2 has a heavy‐hole – HH2 or light‐hole –LH1 character in dependence on the barrier and well layer thicknesses and the composition x . The effective mass m 2 in VB2 is negative and the condition for bihole formation m 1 > ‖ m 2 | is fulfilled. The binding energy of the bihole is calculated. The bihole formation due to light absorption is studied. The oscillator strengths in the cases of inter‐ and intrasubband transitions of holes succeeded by bihole formation are obtained.
Diagnosis, Diagnostic Tools, and Risk Stratification for Contemporary Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is quite common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that it is the cause of approximately 100,000 annual deaths in the United States. With great variability in presenting symptoms of PE, poor recognition of PE can be fatal. As such, many risk scores have been created to identify the sickest patients. Choosing the appropriate imaging modality is also critical. Invasive pulmonary angiography was once the gold standard to establish the diagnosis. With the advent of nuclear imaging, V/Q scans, invasive angiography has been phased out for diagnosing acute PE. At present, the standard for diagnosis of acute PE is computed tomography pulmonary angiography. In select patient cohorts, nuclear studies remain the modality of choice. Once the diagnosis of acute PE is established, there is a broad spectrum of severity in outcome which has led to substantial focus and development of risk stratification prediction models. We will discuss making the proper diagnosis with contemporary diagnostic tools and risk stratifying patients with PE to receive the correct treatment.