jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reaction of (Ir(cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)(P(p-tolyl)3)2) (nido-7,8-C2B9H12) with Hydrogen; Synthesis and X-Ray Structure of 3,9-((H)2(P(p-tolyl)3)2Ir)-3,9-Micro-(H)2-7,8-C2B9H10.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This report deals with the treatment of the ion pair (IR(COD)(PR3)2) (NIDO-7.8-C2B9H12) with hydrogen and their Nido-metallocarborane products.
Developing Effective Interfaces for Cultural Heritage 3D Immersive Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although the advantages of the use of 3D Immersive Virtual Environments for the presentation and communica- tion of Cultural Heritage have been demonstrated, the user interfaces and interaction techniques (in software and hardware) that are best suited have not yet been completely identified and deployed. This paper describes research conducted for developing and studying the usability of a historical town 3D Virtual Tour. For this, usability meth- ods combined with head-eyetracking technology were used to explore the suitability of these interfaces. The paper also reflects on issues raised during the design of the testing system for this experience. It is expected the results of this research will contribute towards developing effective interfaces for 3D immersive technologies as well as building a repository of lessons learned from evaluation.
Abstract MP51: Isolevuglandins In Antigen-presenting Cells, A Biomarker For Salt Sensitivity Of Blood Pressure In Humans?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: High Na+ stimulates antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in an ENaC dependent manner, with formation of isolevuglandin (isoLG) adducts (neoantigen peptides) that promote T cell activation and salt sensitive (SS) hypertension in rodents. Methods: We studied this pathway in 9 subjects with essential hypertension who discontinued anti-hypertensive therapy for 2 weeks. Their SS was assessed by 24-hrs of salt loading (460 mmoL) and salt depletion (10 mmoL/24 hr, plus furosemide 40 mg x 3). Muscle and skin Na + were measured at baseline (BA) by 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging (NaMRI). The % of APCs containing isoLG adducts (flow cytometry), urine and serum electrolytes and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs 8-9, 11-12 and 14-15) were measured at BA, after salt-loading (HI) and after salt-depletion (LO). Results: Age was 54 years (48-56), with 23% female, BMI 30 kg/m 2 (28-40) and screening SBP 136 mmHg (120-144), and DBP 85 mmHg (75-99). BA 24-hr urine Na + excretion was 178 (143-212) mmoL, Hi 392 (229-421) and LO 27 (25-29). SBP response to salt-depletion varied from -13.8 to +5.6 mmHg. Muscle Na+ correlated with duration of hypertension (r=0.73, p<0.03) and with SBP, DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during BA, HI and LO (r=0.66 to 0.87). Mean %isoLGs in APCs were not different among the three stages of the protocol but ΔisoLGs due to HI or LO had positive correlations with ΔSBP, ΔDBP and ΔMAP produced by the same interventions (r=0.46 to 0.70). A 10% change in dendritic cell isoLGs predicted a 1.45 mmHg change of SBP in the same direction. Urine (not plasma) EETs (sum of three isoforms) showed negative correlations with isoLGs on the three phases of the protocol (r=0.57 to 0.69), and ΔEETs by HI and LO correlated negatively with ΔisoLGs produced by the same interventions (r=0.58 to 0.77). Conclusions: Muscle Na+ increases with duration of hypertension and correlates with severity of BP elevation. Changes in APC isoLGs due to Na+ loading or depletion seem to be a biomarker of SS of BP in humans. Relations between urine EETs and ΔEETs with APC isoLGs and ΔisoLGs suggest that EETs might be inhibitors of APC ENaC as they are of renal ENaC. Relationships between isoLGs and urine but not plasma EETs suggest that activation of APCs by high salt may occur in the hyperosmolar renal medulla.
Current Issues in the Field of Organization and Conduct of Anti-Corruption Expert Examination of Normative Legal Acts and Their Drafts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores current issues related to the professional training and activities of independent experts conducting anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts and their projects. The main problem in this area is the lack of unified approaches to determining the level of competence and assessing the special professional knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals involved in preparing conclusions based on the results of anti-corruption expertise of normative legal documents. Moreover, the stated problem remains practically relevant because certain difficulties arise not only in developing specific, empirically verified, and scientifically justified criteria for selecting independent experts and determining their activity but also in implementing the procedure for assessing the quality of conducted expertise at the federal and regional levels of governance. Over time, with the further development of the institution of anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts, the demand for highly qualified independent experts will only increase. To effectively meet the growing demand for specialists of this level, it is necessary to establish a special system for their competency-oriented training and evaluation of the results of their activities. Solving this task will require making certain changes to general and special legal norms of the existing legislation, as well as further improving the practice of their application.
Three Dimensional Simulation of Gerotor with Deforming Mesh by using OpenFOAM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new-born design and construction of a mini gerotor metering pump with trochoidal-teeth is presented. The technical innovation in this new-born design is to study the fluid dynamic effects of interteeth and lateral clearances by using OpenFOAM toolbox, an open source CFD software. This work is based on two critical aspects, the deforming of the mesh following the solid gears rotation, a complex interaction between mesh and gear profile surface that has to maintain a moderate quality of the mesh, and the simulation by means of a new boundary condition of the interteeth contact, reproducing actual contact points between the rotors. The posibility of contact point simulation by means of a proper mesh motion model is also suggested.
Visceral Debranching to Facilitate Repair of Complex Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The availability of thoracic and abdominal endografts has decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with the repair of aneurysms of the aorta. The current limitations of endografts for aneurysms involve adequate proximal and distal landing zones. Branches that are not critical, such as the internal iliac or left subclavian artery, may often be covered and included in the landing zone for most patients, with a few exceptions. However, aneurysms involving critical branch vessels to the brain and intra-abdominal viscera cannot be covered and open repair of aneurysms in these locations carry the highest morbidity and mortality. This review describes the various techniques to relocate these critical branch vessels to expand the use of stent grafts for the treatment of these complex aneurysms.
Changes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigen-stimulated CD27 - CD38 + IFN- γ + CD4 + T cells before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of CD27 − CD38 + in IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells stimulated by the specific antigen ESAT-6/CFP-10 could be a potential new therapeutic evaluation indicator for anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Methods Newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB patients, latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls were enrolled from January 2021 to December 2021. PTB patients were treated by standard anti-TB regimen 2HREZ/4HR. The difference of CD27 − CD38 + expression in IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells before treatment, 2 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment were compared. Results The expression of CD27 − CD38 + decreased significantly after anti-TB treatment and was comparable with that in LTBI and healthy controls when the 6-month anti-TB treatment course was completed. The decline rate of CD27 − CD38 + between 6 months after treatment and base line was positively correlated with ESR (r = 0.766, P < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (r = 0.560, P = 0.003) and chest CT severity score (r = 0.632, P = 0.0005). The area under ROC curve of CD27 − CD38 + in distinguish PTB patients before and after treatment was 0.779. Conclusion The expression of CD27 − CD38 + in ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells can well reflect the changes of the disease before and after anti-TB treatment, which is expected to be a potential new therapeutic evaluation index.
Pseudotime Analysis Imputes the Missing Liver NAFLD Status in Public RNA-Seq Cohorts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Existing gene expression analysis methods like microarray or RNA-sequencing are unable to resolve the complex mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to insufficient accuracy and lack of phenotypic data. Particularly, incomplete phenotypic data in public liver gene expression cohorts have cumbered many studies on the progression of NAFLD. To address this issue, the cutting-edge pseudotime analysis is adopted to estimate liver health status in human liver gene expression data. A set of 25 genes differentially expressed between the healthy controls and the NAFLD group samples are identified by differential expression (DE) Analysis. The identified DE genes separate the NAFLD patients and the healthy controls in hierarchical clustering, and their related biological pathways are highly relevant to liver signaling and injury, implying the close relationship between the DE gene expressions and NAFLD. What's more, the pseudotime analysis we conducted simulates the deterioration of NAFLD by using liver fat percent to represent NAFLD severity and aligning the candidate samples on the estimated trajectory according to their respective gene expression and covariates; we verified the pseudotime model using another microarray cohort. The verified pseudotime model is further applied to an RNA-Seq cohort (GTEx) to estimate the liver health status of samples that lacked phenotypic details. This model recurs the timeline of NAFLD progression and verifies the potential key roles of the expression of DE genes in this process. In conclusion, the expressions of the genes and their changes in distinct groups of samples are chronologically consistent with the progression of NAFLD severity. The pseudotime model can be used to impute the missing NAFLD phenotypes in public liver gene expression cohorts.
The Entrance of New Products in the Cretan Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This generalization study determines if open advertisements for brands differing in familiarity can be successfully used as a cross cultural advertising tool.Open ads do not guide consumers towards a ready-made interpretation and require more effort to decipher than closed ads.The study was performed in five European nationalities and the United States.A randomized 4-group design was used with ten advertisements, each in four different versions, with attitude towards the ad as the dependent variable.The results, which are robust across different nationalities, show that the attitude towards closed ads with familiar brands is more positive than towards open advertisements with unfamiliar brands.However, the negative effect of openness and the positive effect of brand familiarity can be explained by ease of comprehension.Controlled for ease of comprehension the open ads outperform the closed ads.When advertisers aim their campaigns at different nationalities, they might consider using open advertisements in combination with unfamiliar brands, but only if these ads are easy to understand.
Psychosocial Correlates of Dual Methods for Contraception and STI Protection in Urban Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose . To identify correlates of combined hormonal contraception and condom use (dual method use) compared with no methods, condoms only or hormonal contraception only. Data are from a baseline assessment of 335 youth (52% female) enrolled in an intervention trial. Multinomial logistic regression identified theory-based factors associated with dual method use. At last intercourse 47% of respondents used dual methods, 29% condom only, 14% hormonal contraception only, and 10% no methods. No method users were less likely than dual-method users to feel “dirty” about pregnancy, to have ask about historical condom use, to have more than two partners, to view condom use as normative for boys and more likely to perceive pregnancy risk as remote. Hormonal-contraception-only users were more likely to have sex weekly and perceive sex as pleasurable for girls, and less likely to view condom use as normative for boys and to ask a partner to use a condom. Condom-only users were more likely to perceive pregnancy chance as remote, and less likely to have more than two partners and to want peers to think they were virgins. Interventions should include benefits of dual methods while counseling about the negative impact of STI and unplanned teen pregnancy.
Composition, in vitro Cytotoxicity, Anti-mildew and Anti-wood-decay Fungal Activities of the Fruit Essential Oil of Liquidambar formosana from Taiwan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxicity, anti-mildew, and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the essential oil isolated from the fruit of Liquidambar formosana from Taiwan. The essential oil from the fresh fruit was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 45 compounds were identified, representing 98.5% of the essential oil. The main components identified were α-pinene (16.8%), β-caryophyllene (10.1%), τ-muurolol (8.3%), τ-cadinol (7.6%), β-pinene (6.7%), and sabinene (5.7%). The essential oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, and lung cancer cells. The active source compounds were β-caryophyllene, τ-cadinol, and τ-muurolol. The fruit essential oil was shown to have excellent anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities, the active compounds being evaluated as τ-cadinol and τ-muurolol.
Effects of thermal therapy combined with blue light‐emitting diode irradiation on trimellitic anhydride-induced acute contact hypersensitivity mouse model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

These results indicate that thermal therapy combined with LED irradiation alleviated TMA-induced acute CHS in the mouse model. Thermal therapy and phototherapy should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of skin inflammation.
Customer Lifetime Value. Een overzicht van de literatuur

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, there is much attention for customer lifetime value (CLV) in the marketing literature. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the extant knowledge on CLV that currently can be found in the marketing literature. First, the content of the CLV-concept is discussed. Subsequently, the measurement of CLV and the issue whether it is indeed possible to measure or predict CLV is considered. Finally, the article discusses how firms can enhance CLV.
Work-Related Communication Barriers for Individuals with Autism: A Pilot Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study identified situations where communication was a barrier to employment for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Informant interviewees were six college graduates with ASD who have been employed for one year. Following the qualitative inductive analysis, five communication-related themes emerged: (1) job interviewing success, (2) negotiating co-worker interactions, (3) supervisory interactions, instruction, and feedback, (4) handling customer intercommunication, and (5) communication-oriented coping strategies. Participants were relatively more successful in communication coping strategies and supervisory interaction compared to difficulties with job interviewing and co-worker interactions. Vocational rehabilitation counsellors assisting clients with ASD should prioritize job interview communication skills and social skill education specific to appropriate interactions with co-workers and supervisors utilizing role play, social skill training, and job coaching.
Eurycoma longifolia—Infused Coffee—An Oral Toxicity Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Coffee infused with the additive Eurycoma longifolia, also known as Tongkat ali (TA), has become widely available in the Malaysian market. Safety evaluations for consumption of the products have been called for due to the herbal addition. This study investigates the acute, subacute and chronic effects of a commercial TA coffee in Sprague Dawley rats when given in a single, repeated and prolonged dosage. The dosages of 0.005, 0.05, 0.30 and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) were used in the acute study and 0.14, 0.29 and 1 g/kg BW were used in the repeated dose studies. The in-life parameters measured were food and water intake, body weight and clinical observations. Blood were collected for hematology and clinical biochemistry analyses. All animals were subjected to full necropsies. Non-toxicity-related changes were observed in the food and water consumption parameters. Body weight showed normal increments and none of the animals had any clinical signs of toxicity. Microscopically assessed organ tissues did not reveal any abnormalities. There was significant decrease of platelet count in all the chronic study male treated groups. Significant elevation of renal profile parameters in both gender groups given 0.29 g/kg BW, along with liver and lipid profile elevation in some female groups of the chronic study were noted. No dose-dependent relationship was apparent in the dosage range tested, though these changes may suggest an initial safety indication to the TA coffee. The study concludes that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for this commercial TA coffee was 1 g/kg BW.
[Relationship between the structure and estroginic activity of bromine- and silyl-substitutes of estradiol].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Comparative study of the estrogen properties of 2- and 4-brom and silyl-substituted estradiol administered subcutaneously and orally was carried out on sexually immature female rats. In comparison with initial estrogen, estradiol, silyl-group (SiMe3) substituted in the 4th position diminished the estrogen activity after subcutaneous injection but improved it considerably when given orally. Introduction of silyl radical in the 2nd position or of bromine in the 2nd and 4th positions of the estradiol molecule led to practically complete loss of the estrogenic activity irrespective of the method of administration of these compounds.
CARTA Fellows’ Scientific Contribution to the African Public and Population Health Research Agenda (2011 to 2018)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Since its inception in 2009, the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) program has focused on strengthening the capacity of nine African universities and four research centres to produce skilled researchers and scholars able to improve public and population health on the continent. This study describes the alignment between CARTA-supported doctoral topics and publications with the priorities articulated by the African public and population health research agenda. Methods: We reviewed the output from CARTA PhD fellows between 2011 and 2018 to establish the volume and scope of the publications, and the degree to which the research focus coincided with the SDGs, World Bank, and African Development Bank research priority areas. We identified nine key priority areas into which the topics were classified. Results: In total, 140 CARTA fellows published 806 articles in peer-reviewed journals over the 8 years up to 2018. All the publications considered in this paper had authors affiliated with African universities, 90% of the publications had an African university first author and 41% of the papers have CARTA fellows as the first author. The publications are available in over 6300 online versions and have been cited in over 5500 other publications. About 69% of the published papers addressed the nine African public and population health research agenda and SDG priority areas. Infectious diseases topped the list of publications (26.8%), followed by the health system and policy research (17.6%), maternal and child health (14.7%), sexual and reproductive health (14.3%). Conclusions and recommendations: Investments by CARTA in supporting doctoral studies provides fellows with sufficient training and skills to publish their research in fields of public and population health. The number of publications is understandably uneven across Africa’s public and population priority areas. Even while low in number, fellows are publishing in areas such as non-communicable disease, health financing, neglected tropical diseases and environmental health. Violence and injury is perhaps underrepresented. There is need to keep developing research capacity in partner institutions with low research output by training more PhDs in such institutions and by facilitating enabling environments for research.
Citizenship, Pluralism, and Modern Public Space

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article begins with the realist assumption in political science that posits that political violence and chaos occurs in the absence of the state, and that the international system is congenitally anarchic. Using the Y2K problem and the 11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York as two instances of violent political phenomena within global modernity, this article examines notions of citizenship, pluralism, and their relationships with modern public space through the lens of 'public disaster' scenarios in which the breakdown of centralized systems of power tends to lead to chaos. However, public disasters also appear to create the opposite effect of bonding communities together in the face of adversity that leads to greater social cohesion rather than the breakdown of social institutions. The article tries to resolve this apparent enigma through several theories of public space, democracy, and civil society.