jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Collar Rot on Passion Fruits Via Induction of Apoptosis in the Collar Rot Pathogen by Bacillus subtilis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The seedlings and fresh fruits of passion fruits are of high value in local and global trade. Fusarium solani is a main disease-causing agent affecting passion fruits. The objectives of this study were to develop Bacillus-based biocontrol agents for the management of Fusarium diseases on passion fruits and to investigate their putative control mechanisms. Our studies indicated that B. subtilis YBC and 151B1 show antagonistic activity to F. solani PF7 from passion fruits and inhibited the conidial germination of strain PF7. The application of broth cultures from B. subtilis 151B1 and YBC in SYB medium reduced disease severity of Fusarium wilt on the leaves of passion fruits and enhanced the survival rates of passion fruit seedlings challenged with F. solani PF7. With regard to the putative mechanisms of disease control, the results indicated that treatments consisting of the respective culture filtrates from B. subtilis 151B1 and YBC broths caused aberrant conidial morphology and loss of cell membrane integrity. Additionally, the treatments caused reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and interfered with the energy metabolism of F. solani PF7. The treatments also enhanced reactive oxygen species accumulation and resulted in the externalization of phosphatidylserine, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, suggesting their function in triggering apoptotic-like cell death. In conclusion, B. subtilis 151B1 and YBC are potential biocontrol agents for passion fruit disease caused by F. solani. Their control efficacy may result from the surfactins produced to trigger apoptotic-like cell death, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and interfering with the energy metabolism of the pathogen. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Physical-guided graph deep learning for composite pipelines structural health monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Composite pipelines, widely applied in the oil and gas industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, are nonetheless vulnerable to damage under harsh operating conditions, making structural health monitoring (SHM) crucial for enhancing safety and preventing potential failures. However, the complex service environment and anisotropic properties of composite pipelines pose challenges for traditional SHM methods, which often struggle to extract underlying features and identify structural defects. To address these challenges, a new graph deep learning method, termed physical-guided graph deep learning (PGGDL), which leverages physical rules to enhance defect detection accuracy in composite pipeline health monitoring, is proposed in this study. The PGGDL method constructs graph data by integrating signals based on physical rules, including the sensor arrangement and the guided wave propagation mechanism, enabling efficient data fusion. Meanwhile, the PGGDL constructs a temporal model and a graph attention network to capture both node-level and global spatial features. Furthermore, an adaptive learning rate strategy is designed to dynamically adjust the learning rate, improving training efficiency, achieving faster convergence, and enhancing model stability. Four experimental cases are conducted to demonstrate that the PGGDL outperforms traditional deep learning models in accurately detecting and localizing pipeline defects with limited data.
ALICE: Angled Label Image Capture and Extraction for high throughput insect specimen digitisation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The world’s natural history collections contain at least 2 billion specimens, representing a unique data source for answering fundamental scientific questions about ecological, evolutionary, and geological processes. Unlocking this treasure trove of data, stored in thousands of museum drawers and cabinets, is crucial to help map a sustainable future for ourselves and the natural systems on which we depend. The rate-limiting steps in the digitisation of natural history collections often involve specimen handling due to their fragile nature. Insects comprise the single largest collection type in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), reflecting their global diversity. The NHM pinned insect collection, estimated at 25 million specimens, will take over 700 person years to digitise at current rates. In order to ramp up digitisation we have developed ALICE for Angled Label Image Capture and Extraction. This multi-camera setup and associated software processing pipeline enables primary data capture from angled images, without removal of the labels from the specimen pin. As a result ALICE enables a single user to sustainably image over 1,000 specimens per day, allowing us to digitally unlock the insect collections at an unprecedented rate.
Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the reaction between biological catecholamines and chlorinated methylperoxy radicals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The antiradical potency of catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, L-DOPA), metabolites of dopamine (homovanillic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and catechol towards substituted methylperoxy radicals is investigated. The thermodynamic parameters, together with the kinetic approach, are used to determine the most probable mechanism of action. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules are utilised to explain the highest reactivity of trichloromethylperoxy radical. The preferred mechanism is dependent both on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters . The number of chlorine atoms on radical, the presence of intra-molecular hydrogen bond and number of hydroxy groups attached to the aromatic ring significantly influence the mechanism. The results suggest that sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) is the most probable for reaction with methylperoxy and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for reaction with trichloromethylperoxy radicals, with a gradual transition between SPLET and HAT for other two radicals. Due to the significant deprotonation of molecules containing the carboxyl group, the respective anions are also investigated. The HAT and SPLET mechanisms are highly competitive in reaction with MP radical, while the dominant mechanism towards chlorinated radicals is HAT. The reactions in methanol and benzene are also discussed.
Seasonal variation in gonorrhoea incidence among men who have sex with men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background After reviewing urethral gonorrhoea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) in Adelaide, Australia, we noticed peaks of gonorrhoea among MSM occurred predominantly in the first quarter of the year (January–March). The aim of this study was to formally test this hypothesis against data from a similar period at three sexual health services, one each in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of computerised records at the three Australian sexual health services. Potential risk factors for urethral gonorrhoea among MSM were also reviewed at the SASSH. Results: More peaks of gonorrhoea cases were observed in the first quarter of the year in Adelaide and Sydney and in the second and fourth quarter in Melbourne. Factors independently associated with urethral gonorrhoea at the SASSH were being a young MSM, especially those aged 25–29 (odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00–3.54), having more than one sexual partner (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.43–2.04), having had sex interstate and overseas (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06–2.17), and presenting in the first quarter (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55). Conclusion: Our data suggest that gonorrhoea among MSM occurs in a seasonal pattern, particularly late summer into early autumn. This has implications for the provision of health services over the year and for the timing of health promotion activities.
Deconstructing autism: from unitary syndrome to contributory developmental endophenotypes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A recent generation of family studies has revealed that autism can be predicted from an array of neurobehavioural susceptibilities that are appreciable before the syndrome is diagnosed, and that each may be traceable to partially-independent sets of genetic variation. Some of these liabilities are not necessarily specific to ASD-those that are non-specific could account for a significant share of the 'missing heritability' of autism, would (by definition) contribute to pleiotropy, and relate to so-called 'co-morbidities', which are inappropriately named if they actually contribute to (or exacerbate) the severity of autism itself. Linking genetic variants to these underlying traits rather than to a diagnosis of 'autism' may be more productive in devising personalized approaches to developmental intervention, especially if autism represents an epiphenomenon of earlier-interacting susceptibilities. In this article, the implications of conceptualizing autism as a syndrome of neurobehavioural degeneration is considered, predicated on the notion that it can arise from a critical co-aggregation of earlier-interacting neuropsychiatric liabilities, the phenotypic expression of which-importantly-can be moderated by sex.
Ratios of Ideals—A New Twist to an Old Idea

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumer estimations of “ideal” product attributes have been used for many years to guide product development. Massey University work has studied consumer ideals calculated as absolute, interval and ratio scores. Ideal absolute and ideal interval scores, because of context effects, have proved of limited value in long-term projects. Ideal ratio scores indicating percentage change needed to make an attribute “ideal” have proved more useful. Both “fixed” and “floating” ideals are useful in product development; “floating” ideals in the early stages of product concept development and the later stages of product testing; “fixed” ideals in the laboratory development of the product. Multivariate analysis of data containing ideals is useful in understanding the “ideal” in terms of other products and their attributes. Ideal ratio scores are needed to give specific information to guide product development. It is recommended that both ideal ratio scores and multivariate analysis of data be used.
LOCALLY PRODUCED COMPLEMENT AS KEY MEDIATOR OF TRANSPLANTATION-ASSOCIATED ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

P1210 Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) associated with organ transplantation is important in the induction of both immediate and late transplant damage. The pathophysiology of IRI is complex and involves the development of endothelial damage, neutrophil infiltration and the involvement of activated complement (C). Recent data has highlighted C as a prominent mediator of native renal IRI and time course kinetic studies have shown increased C deposition on tubular epithelial cells, associated with increased periods of reperfusion, peak deposition of C3 at least 24 hours following ischemia. It has also been demonstrated that local gene expression of complement component C3 can be directly stimulated following ischemic insult. The aim of the following study therefore was to examine the effect of local complement synthesis upon IRI in a kidney transplant (kTx) model, and to determine the relative contribution of locally-produced and systemic complement in acute C-mediated IRI. A syngeneic murine kTx model was employed in order to preclude an effect of antigen-specific immunity and thereby focus upon the ischemic element of transplant injury. Female C57BL/6 (B6) mice were used throughout experiments with a fixed cold ischemia time (CIT), of 30 minutes. Transplants were performed in two donor-recipient groups. (1) B6 to B6: to assess the contribution of local and systemic C. (2) C3-def to B6 to assess the effect of local C upon Tx-associated IRI. Our findings show that absence of local donor C production combined with the presence of recipient systemic C (C3-def to B6), provides significant reduction of renal functional impairment when compared with wild-type counterparts (B6 to B6). This novel finding confirms a role for local C production in Tx-associated IRI in the absence of an alloresponse.Figure
Estimating the Survival Rate in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients who Received a Peptide Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis, with current treatments providing no advantage in terms of survival. Certain new immunotherapy methods, such as peptide vaccines, have been used in clinical trials. In this meta-analysis, the effectiveness of peptide vaccinations on the survival rate of GBM patients was studied. Methods: A comprehensive search was carried out using three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI. The purpose of this research was to assess Overall Survival (OS). The pooled overall one-year and two-year survival rates in GBM with peptide vaccination were calculated using the general inverse variance technique as random effects hazard ratios (HRs). In the study, subgroups of countries were compared with each other. Japan had the highest one-year survival rate, and the US had the highest two-year survival rate. Result: With 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), the one-year OS rate in GBM patients treated with peptide vaccination increased significantly, but the two-year survival rate did not increase. As a result, while additional research is needed, it cannot be concluded that it is an effective therapy for GBM. Conclusion: Our study found that while peptide vaccination treatment did not increase second-year survival, it improved first-year survival. More research needs to be done to find effective vaccinebased treatments for GBM that can help patients survive longer.
2-D Nonlinearity compensation technique for concurrent dual-band wireless transmitters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel two dimensional (2-D) nonlinearity compensation digital predistortion (DPD) technique for concurrent dual-band transmitters is presented and experimentally verified. The technique improves an in-band and out-of-band performances of both signals. It does not depend on frequency separation between bands and has low memory requirements and computational complexity in comparison with state-of-the-art.
Distribución del arruí (Ammotragus lervia Pallas, 1777) en la provincia de Alicante

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The source of wild aoudad populations in Alicante was the escape from two game reserves. The high dispersion capacity of the aoudad allowed them to colonize the north county in ten years (144 Km2/ year). In this paper we show the current distribution for wild aoudad populations in Alicante
Timing-Driven Interconnect Synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In routing non-critical nets (or sinks), rather than optimize delay we instead seek to minimize overall wirelength, an objective which gives rise to variants of the classical Steiner problem [12,16,17,18,31,53,55,65,82,88].On the other hand, modern ultra-deep-submicron VLSI CAD seeks to optimize and tradeoff various combinations of objectives and criteria, such as delay, skew, area, density, manufacturability, reliability, power,
PS-378 Impact Of Amplitude, Frequency And I:e Ratio On Tidal Volume In High Frequency Ventilation (vthf) Using Different Hybrid Neonatal Ventilators

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background and aims</st> High frequency ventilation (HFV) is frequently used in both term and preterm newborns. Hybrid neonatal ventilators capable of both HFV and conventional ventilation are currently available with different mechanisms for generating the required high frequency oscillation. In HFV, carbon dioxide elimination is directly correlated with VThf. The aim of the current study was to describe the impact of changes in amplitude, frequency and inspiratory-expiratory ratio (I:E) on VThf using different hybrid neonatal ventilators. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Three different hybrid neonatal ventilators were tested: Drager Babylog® VN500, Acutronic Fabian and SLE 5000. Each ventilator was calibrated using a new disposable ventilator circuit with a Drager pneumatic test lung leaving the humidifier dry to standardise all measurements. The VThf measured by the device was recorded after the system stabilised for 3 min. Each experiment was done using 21% oxygen, 8 cm H<inf>2</inf>O of pressure and repeated 3 times with negligible differences between measurements. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> In this setting, there is an expected inverse relationship between frequency and achieved VThf in all devices when using maximum amplitude. All three ventilators were more efficient at lower frequencies achieving higher VThf. In the two ventilators that allow I:E modification, the 1:1 ratio achieves higher VThf than 1:2 ratio. This becomes more evident at lower frequencies and higher amplitudes. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> In tested ventilators the highest impact on VThf was achieved with frequency reduction. When modifiable, an I:E ratio of 1:1 optimises VThf at higher amplitudes. Clinicians need to be aware of these characteristics for optimising ventilation strategy. <fig loc="float" id="F1"><no>Abstract PS-378 Figure 1</no> <link locator="abs_PS-378_F001"></fig> <fig loc="float" id="F2"><no>Abstract PS-378 Figure 2</no> <link locator="abs_PS-378_F002"></fig> </sec>
Modeling and analysis of effects of purging process on the performance of PEM fuel cells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Given that oil reserves are finite, it can be expected that someday not far away that the oil will eventually wane and finally disappear. It is just a matter of time before this problem arises and people will be forced to seek for alternative sources. As such a growing concern has been put on energy crises and more and more effort are taken into the researching of green energy to meet the increasing demand for energy while causing no more environmental issues. This project focuses on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell.A simplified fuel cell model is first developed to simulate a power generation process in PEM fuel cell, analyzing how performance of fuel cell is affected by certain parameters. Then an improved double layer model is proposed to improve the efficiency of PEM fuel cell. Lastly a model is also addressed to simulate the purging process during the operation of PEM fuel cell to establish a relationship between purging process and output voltage of PEM fuel cell.
Distributed network management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As organizations are increasingly dependent on distributed computing systems, they become more exposed to the inherent risks of such complex systems. Performance inefficiency, resource allocations, security compromises and accounting are some of the problems associated with the operations of these systems. Interest in distributed network management has been stimulated by such growing system complexity. Traditional centralized management approach relies on a single network management system to collect, aggregate and process all data. The shortfalls of using such an approach in managing complex distributed networks are: i) a great amount of network bandwidth will have to be devoted for management traffic which need to travel many network segments before reaching the centralized manager, ii) the processing power requirement of the centralized manager increases as the network size grows, making it an unlikely scaleable solution in network management.
S1 and S2 heart sound segmentation using variational mode decomposition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Heart sound segmentation is the process of identifying the various events like S1, S2, S3, S4, and murmurs present in the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal. In this paper, a heart sound segmentation algorithm for segmenting S1 and S2 heart sound which corresponds to the systolic and diastolic activity of the heart is presented. The proposed method is based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm. The recorded PCG is decomposed into various modes using VMD. A novel criterion is proposed to select an appropriate mode which is based on center frequency and relative energy. Then the Shannon entropy envelope of the selected mode is computed. S1 and S2 heart sound is segmented by applying dynamic threshold on the Shannon entropy envelope. The segmentation algorithm is tested on both available standard database (Physionet, Pascal, Michigan, and eGeneralMedical) and recorded signal. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the sensitivity, positive predictivity, and the accuracy of above 95% with detection error rate of below 6%.
Egypt and Mesopotamia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On 2 June 1923 the London Illustrated News published an article entitled 'The mostimportant historical relic ever found in Egypt' detailing a lecture in which Flinders Petrie described a recent purchase by the Louvre. The photograph central to the piece was of a carved ivory handle, bearing distinctly Mesopotamian imagery, into which was set a quintessential Egyptian Predynastic ripple-flaked knife: the Gebel elArak knife. For Petrie, the find had re-opened the 'whole question of the relations of early civilisation in Egypt' (Petrie 1917: 26). He viewed it as proof that Sumer and Susa were the originating area for his 'Dynastic race', who he believed had invaded Egypt at the end of the prehistoric period and instigated Dynastic civilisation. Although his theory continued to be advanced for many years by some (e.g. Emery 1961: 39-40) more sophisticated accounts of the manner in which Mesopotamian elements were incorporated into the early Egyptian world were being formulated. Henri Frankfort (1924, 1941, 1951) rejected Petrie's model and was the first to synthesise comprehensively the evidence for the impact of these supposed Eastern imports:Egypt, in a period of intensified creativity, became acquainted with achievements in Mesopotamia; that it was stimulated; and that it adapted to its own development such elements as seemed compatible with its efforts. It mostly transformed what it borrowed and after a time rejected even these modifications.