jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Accuracy of RFID-based Localization in a Mobile Wireless Network Testbed.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—The extensive recent research in protocols development for wireless networks must be complemented with simple yet efficient prototyping and evaluation mechanism. MiNT-2 is a miniaturized multi-hop wireless network testbed that addresses this challenge by combining the benefits of existing protocol evaluations strategies: simulations and custom built large scale wireless network testbeds. A key component of MiNT-2 is the ability of testbed nodes to move around in the testbed space, whether to reconfigure the network topology or to emulate node mobility patterns. Consequently, we need to devise accurate mechanisms for node localization – the ability of a node to be aware of its exact location in the testbed space. This paper presents the details of the current RFID-based node localization mechanism in MiNT-2. We describe the sources of inaccuracy encountered when using RFID tags due to the error margin associated with the reading range of tags. We then present the implementation and evaluation of two approaches which can be combined to improve the overall accuracy of the RFID-based localization system. Through our experimental evaluation, we show that the proposed approaches improve the accuracy of RFID-based localization mechanisms by up to 58.22 % for dense deployment of RFID tags. Though described in the context of the MiNT-2 testbed, our localization techniques are also applicable in more general settings where accurate and inexpensive positioning of mobile nodes is important. I.
Leonard Bloomfield’s descriptive and comparative studies of Algonquian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary Bloomfield’s Algonquian studies comprise a large body of descriptive and comparative work on Fox, Cree, Menominee, and Ojibwa. The materials he used were derived from his own fieldwork, for the most part, and especially in the case of Fox from the published work of others. His major achievement was to bring explicitness and orderliness to the description of Algonquian inflectional and derivational morphology. An examination of the development of his solution to certain phonological problems in Menominee and of his practices in editing his Menominee texts shows his struggle to reconcile the conflicting goals, formulated in his general statements (in his 1933 Language and elsewhere), of describing a language by determining the norm of the speech community and documenting a language in exhaustive objective detail. In his diachronic studies Bloomfield reconstructed the phonology of Proto-Algonquian and worked out the historical phonology of the languages he was concerned with; his work on morphology was largely confined to the comparison and reconstruction of directly corresponding features. A normative approach to variation is evident in these diachronic studies as well.
Racial Isolation, Poverty, and the Limits of Local Control in Oakland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Historically, schools in the United States have been governed at the local level by elected school boards, and finances have been raised primarily through local property taxes. While local control theoretically allows for greater responsiveness to local concerns, it does not take into account the vast inequality among and between communities in the United States, nor does it take into account the ways in which poverty can limit the ability of parents in particularly to influence decision making in public schools that serve their children. Drawing on the experience of Oakland, California, this article explores the ways in which poverty and racial discrimination limit the effectiveness of local control as a mechanism for school accountability. It also examines the factors that constrain the ability of schools to be responsive to the needs of the communities that they serve. In making the case for greater parental empowerment in school governance, the article explores how social capital and civic capacity building can enhance the democratic possibilities of local control and help to overcome the effects of concentrated poverty.
Job Performance of Physical Education Teachers: A cross-sectional Survey of HoDs and Students from Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this research study, the main purpose was to evaluate the job performance of physical education teachers (PETs) who were working at the university level in Pakistan. The current research was designed through a cross-sectional survey from the descriptive model. The total population of the study was 10370. The researcher used a cluster sampling technique to choose the sample. The 10% research sample consisted of n=1037 (HODs= 6; physical education students= 1031). As the data collection tool, an adapted scale developed by the National Association for Sports and Physical Education (NASPE) was used for the performance evaluation of PETs. Descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage, minimum, maximum, and variance) were used to assess the data. In order to compare the quantitative data, an independent sample t-test was used. The hypotheses were tested with a 95% confidence interval and .05 significant levels. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of HODs were quite satisfied with the job performance of PETs; however, students' responses were stated lesser than the HODs. As a result, it was recommended that the evaluation of the job performance of PETs should be conducted through a multiple inspection committee. For this purpose, HODs, Quality Enhancement Cells (QEC) and student’s parents may be included.
‘Sorry, i don’t want them here.’ Migration in Slovak Political Discourse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of international migration in Slovakia was not a topic of public discussion until 2015. A major change in migration discourse can be observed only after the mass migratory processes in 2015, a few weeks before the Slovak parliamentary elections. Just before the elections, politicians had also noticed these processes, putting the spotlight on migration, which became a frequent priority topic of electoral campaigns for several weeks. Our aim with this paper is to answer a question of how Slovak politicians, who had ignored this topic for many years, dealt with the issue of international migration since 2015 and which aspect dominated the emerging migration discourse. We came to the conclusion that Slovak politicians tackled the issue almost uniformly, regardless of their ideological beliefs or coalition-opposition framework. Most politicians presented migration as a threat. In addition to the securitization of migration discourse, we also observe a gradual shift in the understanding of the term migrant. Until 2015, the naming of the particular actor of migration processes was generally understood to be neutral, yet since 2015 the term has acquired a strong negative connotation.
The Inside Story:

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the fate of excitations in regions of closed string tachyon condensate, a question crucial for understanding unitarity in a class of black holes in string theory. First we introduce a simple new example of quasilocal tachyon condensation in a globally stable AdS/CFT background, and review tachyons ’ appearance in black hole physics. Then we calculate forces on particles and fields in a tachyon phase using a field theoretic model with spatially localized exponentially growing time dependent masses. This model reveals two features, both supporting unitary evolution in the bulk of spacetime. First, the growing energy of fields sourced by sets of (real and virtual) particles in the tachyon phase yields outward forces on them, leaving behind only combinations which do not source any fields. Secondly, requiring the consistency of perturbative string theory imposes cancellation of a BRST anomaly, which also yields a restricted set of states. Each of these effects supports the notion of a black hole final state arising from string-theoretic dynamics replacing the black hole singularity. January
Radiomics in Cross-Sectional Adrenal Imaging: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current literature on radiomics applied to cross-sectional adrenal imaging and assess its methodological quality. Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify original research articles investigating radiomics applications on cross-sectional adrenal imaging (search end date February 2021). For qualitative synthesis, details regarding study design, aim, sample size and imaging modality were recorded as well as those regarding the radiomics pipeline (e.g., segmentation and feature extraction strategy). The methodological quality of each study was evaluated using the radiomics quality score (RQS). After duplicate removal and selection criteria application, 25 full-text articles were included and evaluated. All were retrospective studies, mostly based on CT images (17/25, 68%), with manual (19/25, 76%) and two-dimensional segmentation (13/25, 52%) being preferred. Machine learning was paired to radiomics in about half of the studies (12/25, 48%). The median total and percentage RQS scores were 2 (interquartile range, IQR = −5–8) and 6% (IQR = 0–22%), respectively. The highest and lowest scores registered were 12/36 (33%) and −5/36 (0%). The most critical issues were the absence of proper feature selection, the lack of appropriate model validation and poor data openness. The methodological quality of radiomics studies on adrenal cross-sectional imaging is heterogeneous and lower than desirable. Efforts toward building higher quality evidence are essential to facilitate the future translation into clinical practice.
Diabetes mellitus in Greenland.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty years ago type 2 diabetes mellitus was very rare in Greenland. Recent epidemiological studies have found a high prevalence of diabetes among Greenlanders comparable to levels among Inuit populations in Canada and Alaska. In 2008 a national diabetes programme was implemented aiming to improve the care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Greenland based on a donation from Novo Nordisk A/S to the national health care service. A diabetes concept based on national guidelines, systematized recording in an electronically medical record and feedback to the clinics were used to improve the diabetes care. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate if implementation of a diabetes programme in Greenland would have a measurable effect on the quality in diabetes care including diagnostic activity and screening for diabetic complications. Two observational and cross sectional studies were performed in Greenland 2008 and 2010 before and after implementation of the diabetes programme. The medical records of patients with diabetes were reviewed. The prevalence was estimated using the whole adult population in Greenland as background population. The quality of the diabetes care was monitored by 12 health care indicators. The prevalence of diagnosed cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Greenlanders has increased over a period of two years. In the same period a significant increase in the quality of care in diabetes in Greenland has been documented concerning all process-of-care indicators. Significantly regional variation in the diabetes care was demonstrated in 2008. The quality in the diabetes care was best in clinics with a database. In 2010 a more homogenate quality among the clinics in the diabetes care was demonstrated. These effects could be a result of the diabetes programme implanted in between the two observations. In conclusion, improved quality in the diabetes care along with an increasing prevalence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus has been documented after implementation of a diabetes programme. It is strongly recommended to maintain focus on the quality on the diabetes care in order to benefit from the programme in a long-term perspective.
[Physiological functions of L-ornithine and L-aspartate in the body and the efficacy of administration of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in conditions of relative deficiency].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) is a stable salt of two natural nonessential L-amino acids: ornithine and aspartic acid. It is formulated and marketed in low and high doses. Low doses are used as a food supplement and high doses (above 5 g) as a medicinal product to lower blood ammonia concentration and to eliminate symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy associated with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this review is to present physiological roles of L-ornithine and L-aspartate in the human body, to assess conditions under which these amino acids could be deficient, to analyze consequences of these deficiencies, and to review the current state of knowledge on the effects of LOLA administration. The data used in this publication result from searches of different electronic databases such as Cochrane Trials Register, MEDLINE, PubMed, Medscape, or Google Scholar, with a cut-off date of November 29, 2009, using terms: L-ornithine-L-aspartate, ornithine aspartate, ornithine, Hepa-Merz, ornithine deficiency, hyperammonemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver cirrhosis. Both amino acids play key roles in ammonia detoxification and in proline and polyamine biosyntheses. Polyamines are considered critical for DNA synthesis and cell replication and have been shown to stimulate hepatic regeneration. Supplementation with ornithine in animal models demonstrated enhanced wound breaking strength and collagen deposition. It has been shown in vitro, in vivo and in perfused organs that urea synthesis from ammonia is limited by endogenous ornithine and that ornithine can pharmacologically promote urea formation to a greater degree than any ammonia supply. Administration of LOLA in high doses reduced high blood ammonia induced either by ammonium chloride or protein ingestion or existing as a clinical complication of cirrhosis. In health and with proper diet, L-ornithine and L-aspartate are synthesized de novo in sufficient quantities, but in the states of disease, tissue damage, organ insufficiency, excessive metabolic demand, growth, pregnancy, or urea cycle enzyme deficiencies, these amino acids need to be supplemented with the food. The review of available data indicate that there is direct and indirect (resulting from physiology) scientific rationale for dietary use of LOLA, depending on an individual's physiological, metabolic or pathological conditions. In conditional ornithine deficiency, daily supplementation with LOLA at doses about 1 g/day is safe and, as demonstrated in vitro, should be sufficient to saturate tissue ornithine concentration to prevent postprandial hyperammonemia and to stimulate tissue regeneration.
Field studies in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) surveillance and control

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The introduction of oral fluid-based sampling is a relatively new concept in diagnostic medicine which has been rapidly adopted by the swine industry. While the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A (IAV) in oral fluids has been well documented, research on the detection of most other pathogens requires additional research.\nTherefore, the objective of the study described in Chapter 3 was to describe PEDV detection patterns in growing pigs as shown by PEDV rRT-PCR testing of pen oral fluids. While feces have traditionally been the dominant sample for PEDV detection, the research in Chapter 3 describes oral fluids as a practical sample type for PEDV detection in growing pigs. Specifically, PEDV was detected in oral fluids until 69 days post exposure (DPE) which was longer than pen feces (55 DPE) and individual fecal swabs (41 DPE). PEDV Cq values in oral fluids were comparable to PEDV Cq values in pen feces; however, PEDV Cq values in oral fluids and pen feces were significantly higher than individual fecal swabs.\nChapter 3 described PEDV antibody kinetics, as shown by ELISA detection of IgA and IgG in individual pig serum and pen oral fluid samples and provided estimates of the cutoffs and performance of the PEDV "whole virus" IgA and IgG ELISAs. PEDV antibody responses (IgG and IgA) were detected in both serum and oral fluid by 10 - 14 days post exposure. The oral fluid PEDV IgA responses were particularly noteworthy with the maximum oral fluid IgA response reported at 96 DPE.\nThe investigators evaluated anamnestic antibody responses of gilts previously exposed to PEDV through vaccination using serum, colostrum, and milk samples in Chapter 4. Using 5 different vaccination protocols (unvaccinated controls and one and/or 2 doses of either Vaccine A or Vaccine B), the investigators found that two doses of vaccine did not booster immune responses any more than one dose of vaccine did. This was not unexpected since these gilts had been exposed to PEDV 8 months early. Nevertheless, the results in Chapter 4 demonstrate that vaccination can booster immune responses in previously exposed gilts.
NIOSH hazards controls HC28 - controlling chemical hazards during the application of artificial fingernails.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Artificial fingernail products are made from many chemicals, but the main one in most of these products is ethyl methacrylate (EMA).In 1974 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration outlawed a similar chemical, methyl methacrylate (MMA), used in fingernail products.MMA was proven harmful to nail technicians and customers.However, both MMA and EMA can cause contact dermatitis, asthma, and allergies in the eyes and nose-all problems that nail technicians know about.Both can make the eyes, nose, and other mucous membranes sting, become red, and swell.Customers are at risk, too.Because it is often difficult to tell which chemical in a nail salon is causing a sensitivity or allergy, it is best to control your exposure before you become sensitized.In the nail sa lon, to get rid of EMA in the air you breathe, you should ap ply ar ti fi cial fin ger nails at a ven ti lated work ta ble.It is also help ful to keep all bot tles of fin ger nail liq uid tightly capped.Finally, you should look at your work hab its to see if they can be im proved.
Low Circulating Free Triiodothyronine Levels Are Associated with the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DKD) is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and increased mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that thyroid dysfunction, particularly low free triiodothyronine (T3) levels, is associated with the progression of DKD. This study aims to investigate the association between low circulating free T3 levels and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes and diagnosed diabetic nephropathy were enrolled. Participants were followed for 18 months, with renal function assessed every 3 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Of the 80 participants, 35% showed progression of DKD over 18 months. Patients with low free T3 levels (≥2.0 pg/mL) had a significantly higher increase in UAE and a greater decline in eGFR compared to those with normal T3 levels (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that low free T3 levels were independently associated with DKD progression (OR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.35-5.59, p = 0.004). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a shorter time to DKD progression in patients with low free T3 levels (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model confirmed a higher risk of DKD progression in this group (HR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.60-5.83, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Low circulating free T3 levels are significantly associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest the potential importance of monitoring thyroid function as part of the clinical management of DKD. Recommendations: Regular assessment of free T3 levels should be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes to identify those at higher risk of DKD progression. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association and to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
Frequency of Urinary Tract Abnormalities on MCUG of Spina Bifida Occulta Patients with Urinary Complaints

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Spina bifida occulta (SBO) is usually considered as benign entity without having any clinical significance. In Pakistan, there is a lack of studies on spina bifida. Clinicians usually ignore the mild urinary complaints and do not look with the perspective of SBO background. Micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) of the 71 children with SBO having urinary complaints was done. Analysis was done via SPSS version 20. A total of 70.4% of the patients had urinary tract abnormalities on MCUG. Vesicoureteric reflux was the most common finding. SBO is a clinically significant disorder. Especially in patients with urinary complaints, MCUG must be done to look for underlying pathologies.
Adaptation of the vesicle assay for rapid screening of the membrane interacting compounds from plants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A key problem in identifying drug candidates from biological materials is a rapid and effective screening method. The goal of this work is to adapt and demonstrate that the artificial lipit bilayer model can be used as a simple colorimetric assay for rapid screening of pharmaceutical compounds, especially cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the crude extracts of biological materials, that can interact with artificial lipit barriers. The obtained data showed that the model worked well for the evaluation of drug penetration across the lipit barrier made from a vesicles solution containing phospholipits dimystoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and polydiacetylene (PDA), as well as mechanism of the drug action. Moreover, the system could be used for rapid screening of AMPs from different genetic resources such as plants, microorganisms, animal tissues. The different colorimetric response (CR) of the compounds to the vesicle solution was estimated by %CR value, which was calculated based on the ratio of absorbance of the indicator at the wavelength 640 nm (blue color) and 500 nm (red color). Among 9 plant crude extracts in 20 mM Tris - HCl pH 7.0 were examined, including Brassica juncea L. (as a positive control); Acacia mangium; Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.; Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Vrb.; Taramindus indica L; Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) De Wit 3; Acacia difficilis; Gleditsia fera (Lour.) Merr; Cassia tora L., the extracts of Brassica juncea L. and Cassia tora L exhibited the highest values of %CR compared to the other samples suggesting that they are containing membrane interacting compounds, probably AMPs. The antifungal/antimicrobial activity of Cassia tora L extract was also determined in terms of the growth inhibition of the plant fungus Fusarium oxysporum and the dental caries bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The preliminary results showed that the extract at protein concentration of 1.7 mg/ml did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum but inhibited the growth of dental caries bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Further work is going on to characterize the antimicrobial agents in this plant.