jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of an External Fuel Processor for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A 250 kW External Fuel Processor was developed and tested that will supply the gases needed by a pipeline natural gas fueled, solid oxide fuel cell during all modes of operation. The fuel processor consists of three major subsystems--a desulfurizer to remove fuel sulfur to an acceptable level, a synthesis gas generator to support plant heat-up and low load fuel cell operations, and a start gas generator to supply a non-flammable, reducing gas to the fuel cell during startup and shutdown operations. The desulfurization subsystem uses a selective catalytic sulfur oxidation process that was developed for operation at elevated pressure and removes the fuel sulfur to a total sulfur content of less than 80 ppbv. The synthesis gas generation subsystem uses a waterless, catalytic partial oxidation reactor to produce a hydrogen-rich mixture from the natural gas and air. An operating window was defined that allows carbon-free operation while maintaining catalyst temperatures that will ensure long-life of the reactor. The start gas subsystem generates an oxygen-free, reducing gas from the pipeline natural gas using a low-temperature combustion technique. These physically and thermally integrated subsystems comprise the 250 kW External Fuel Processor. The 250 kW External Fuel Processor was tested at the Rolls-Royce facility in North Canton, Ohio to verify process performance and for comparison with design specifications. A step wise operation of the automatic controls through the startup, normal operation and shutdown sequences allowed the control system to be tuned and verified. A fully automated system was achieved that brings the fuel processor through its startup procedure, and then await commands from the fuel cell generator module for fuel supply and shutdown. The fuel processor performance met all design specifications. The 250 kW External Fuel Processor was shipped to an American Electric Power site where it will be tested with a Rolls-Royce solid oxide fuel cell generator module.
A utilization-focused guide for conducting terrorism risk reduction program evaluations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present work employs a utilization-focused evaluation perspective to ask the big question regarding so-called deradicalization programs: how to evaluate the degree to which a given terrorism risk reduction initiative reduces post-detainment terrorism engagement. Its dual objectives are: (a) to provide a roadmap for conducting such an impact analysis with a utilization-focus, and (b) to highlight some of the unique challenges (both methodologically and theoretically) that face evaluators in the context of evaluating terrorism risk reduction initiatives. Additionally, the appendices of this work contain both a process checklist for conducting an impact analysis of such initiatives, and an evaluation self-assessment tool.
Quercetin Attenuates the Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in H292 Human Lung Epithelial Cells Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Modulating ExoS Production

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The effector protein Exotoxin S (ExoS) produced by P. aeruginosa is secreted into the host cells via the T3SS. For the purpose of an experiment on inhibitors with regard to ExoS secretion, we developed a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Quercetin was selected because it has a prominent ExoS inhibition effect and also is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of quercetin on the expression and secretion of ExoS using ELISA and Western blot analysis methods. The results showed that the secretion of ExoS was significantly decreased by 10 and 20 μM of quercetin. Also, popB, popD, pscF, and pcrV which are composed of the T3SS needle, are reduced by quercetin at the mRNA level. We also confirmed the inhibitory effect of quercetin on cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) in P. aeruginosa-infected H292 cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA. Collectively, quercetin inhibits the secretion of ExoS by reducing both ExoS production and the expression of the needle protein of T3SS. Furthermore, these results suggest that quercetin has the potential to be used as an anti-toxic treatment for the inflammatory disease caused by P. aeruginosa infection.
Virtual model and acoustic characterisation of the ancient Roman theatre in Brescia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the ancient Roman theatre of Brescia. Built in the Augustan age (late first century BC - early first century AD), it was one of the largest roman theatres in northern Italy. The importance of the theatre is confirmed by its location, close to the Capitoline Temple and the Roman Forum. Over the centuries, major changes and damages occurred to the whole archaeological area. No acoustic investigation has been conducted before the one presented in this paper. On-site measurements were performed by using an Exponential Sine Sweep (ESS) signal. The impulse responses of the site were obtained through the Time Reversal Mirror (TMR) technique. Due to the current state of conservation of the site, the experimental results were not sufficient to describe the acoustic quality of the theatre; therefore, two numerical models have been realized, one referred to the original building and the other referred to the renovation occurred during the Severan age. Four different scenarios, relating to different configurations of coating materials and the presence of spectators, were simulated by means of a pyramid tracing software. The models allowed also to determine the acoustic quality parameters of the theatre. Thanks to the availability of the impulse responses obtained from the models, it was possible to convolve them with anechoic recordings, thus simulating the perception of different types of performances.
A study of the use of crosslinked high-density polyethylene for low-level radioactive waste containers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A comprehensive research program has been completed to evaluate the effects of chemical and gamma-irradiation environments on the mechanical properties of crosslinked high-density polyethylene. The studies included uniaxial creep tests and crack initiation and crack propagation studies in statically-stressed U-bend samples. From the results obtained standard testing protocols were recommended for quantifying the various failure modes which could be present in this material during service as a low-level waste container. 24 refs., 66 figs., 20 tabs.
[Disorders of bone metabolism after renal transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kidney transplantation restores renal function (glomerular filtration and production of vitamin D), thereby improving renal bone disease observed during the dialysis period. But the degree of improvement is often incomplete. Some of bone disorders related to pre-transplant renal osteodystrophy can persist after transplantation. Furthermore, immunosuppressive drug regimens effect bone remodeling in kidney transplant recipients. Post-transplant bone and mineral disorders can be classified, according to their pathogenesis and appearance time, into two groups of entities: (i) bone disorders related to pre-transplant renal osteodystrophy that persist after renal transplantation and (ii) disorders arising de novo. The first group includes: secondary hyperparathyroidism, aluminium bone disease, and dialysis-related amyloid bone disease. Post-transplant bone disorders comprise a painful legs syndrome, avascular bone necrosis, and osteopenia. Glucocorticosteroids still play a significant role in the pathogenesis of bone disease in renal transplant recipients. Due to disturbances in bone remodeling that commonly occur after renal transplantation, it is important to monitor bone metabolism in these patients.
Does personalization increase turnout? Spitzenkandidaten in the 2014 European Parliament elections

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2014 European Parliament elections were the first elections where the major political groups each nominated a lead candidate ( Spitzenkandidat) for the Commission presidency in the hope that this would increase the visibility of the elections and mobilize more citizens to turn out. Using data from the 2014 European Elections Study, an EU-wide post-election survey, we analyse whether and how the presence of the lead candidates influenced the individual probability to participate in these elections. Our findings show that the recognition of the candidates increased the propensity to turn out, even when controlling for a host of other individual-level factors explaining turnout and the context factors known to facilitate participation. Furthermore, the campaign efforts of the lead candidates are associated with higher turnout levels and are reinforced by candidate recognition.
Taurine: A Source and Application for the Relief of Visual Fatigue

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

According to reports, supplementation with appropriate doses of taurine may help to reduce visual fatigue. Presently, some progress has been made in research related to taurine in eye health, but the lack of systematic summaries has led to the neglect of its application in the relief of visual fatigue. This paper, therefore, provides a systematic review of the sources of taurine, including the endogenous metabolic and exogenous dietary pathways, as well as a detailed review of the distribution and production of exogenous taurine. The physiological mechanisms underlying the production of visual fatigue are summarized and the research progress of taurine in relieving visual fatigue is reviewed, including the safety of consumption and the mechanism of action in relieving visual fatigue, in order to provide some reference basis and inspiration for the development and application of taurine in functional foods for relieving visual fatigue.
High-Engery Electron Cooling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

for generating low-frequency(< 2 Hz) Lg waves from explosions. Detailed knowledge of the complex scattering process is, however, still incomplete and is in fact the subject of several ongoing studies. Our analysis of regional data from nuclear explosions from both Nevada Test Site (NTS) and Kazakh Test Site (KTS) and nearby earthquakes in Phase I has suggested that there are several reliable source discrimination methods only based on the use of Lg at regional distances. These discriminants should be. especially useful for small magnitude seismic events for which Lg may be the only well-recorded seismic phase. Our results suggest four possible regional discriminants: (a) frequency-amplitude-time analysis of spectrograms, (b) Lg(low frequency)/Lg(high frequency), (c) Lg spectral slopes, and (d) skewness of Lg spectra. Remarkable similarity of discrimination results from both NTS and KTS nuclear explosions and nearby earthquakes, with entirely different geological settings, indicates that our results should be applicable to other regions of the world.
Design a non-Invasive Pulse Oximeter Device Based on PIC Microcontroller

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of a non-invasive medical device that is capable of monitoring and measuring the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) in a patient's blood as well as their heartbeat rate simultaneously. Pulse oximetry is based on the different light absorption characteristics of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) of visible light to calculate SpO2. The designed pulse oximeter is based on a microcontroller (PIC 18F4520) and uses a transmitting optical sensor. It consists of three parts: an optical sensor, an analog part, and a digital part. The optical sensor houses two transmitting LEDs and a receiving photodiode. The analog part is used to condition, filter and amplify the oximetry signals (red and IR). The digital part acquires the conditioned oximetry signals for processing and it is also used to save the measured values with time and date of the measurement and display these on an LCD screen. Via an RS232 connection, the digital part sends the measured values and the obtained signals to the MATLAB program that hosted in PC for further processing and more accurate analysis. The designed device was tested and the results showed that the performance was satisfactory and the accuracy of measurements is high.
Association between Serum Selenium Levels and Lipids among People with and without Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The current study aimed to examine the association between serum selenium levels and lipids and explore whether the association was modified by diabetic status. A total of 4132 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2016) were included in this study. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between serum selenium and lipids. Higher serum selenium levels were significantly associated with increased total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.003) in the overall population. Diabetic status interacted with serum selenium for TC and LDL-C (p for interaction = 0.007 and <0.001). Comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of serum selenium, the multivariate-adjusted β coefficients (95% CIs) were 17.88 (10.89, 24.87) for TC, 13.43 (7.68, 19.18) for LDL-C among subjects without diabetes, but nonsignificant among those with diabetes. In US adults, the serum selenium was positively associated with lipids and the association was modified by diabetic status. Higher serum selenium levels were significantly associated with increased TC and LDL-C among participants without diabetes, but not among participants with diabetes.
[Syncopal pathology in childhood (I)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syncope is a common phenomenon, well-known to all pediatricians: it is defined as a sudden transient loss of consciousness associated with inability to maintain postural tone that is incompatible with a seizure disorder, vertigo, dizziness, coma, shock or other states of altered consciousness. The purpose of this study are to analyse the multiple causes of syncope, to determine the characteristics of pediatric patients with syncope, to define the pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in neurally mediated syncope.
NDVI analysis in Korea with NOAA AVHRR images

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In North Korea, the shortage of food has been a serious problem for the past several years. However, the actual condition of present North Korea cannot be investigated there. Then, it analyzes about the food situation of North Korea from a viewpoint of vegetation using the remote sensing technology using the satellite. In Tohoku University, NOAA AVHRR images are accumulated over the past ten years or more. It can study for the difference between present and the past in analyzing vegetation over a long term. We analyze vegetation in Korea using NOAA-11,14 and 16 from 1989 to 2002. As a satellite is employed over a long term, a sensor will deteriorate. So, it is necessary to calibrate degradation of a sensor. And also the observation range of wavelength is different for some NOAA satellites, we calibrate the data to keep a reliability. I. INTRODUCTION The shortage of food has been a serious problem for the past several years in North Korea. However, the actual condition of present North Korea cannot be investigated there. If we can analyze about the food situation of North Korea from a viewpoint of vegetation usign the remote sensing technology using the satellite, it is very useful data for food support. In these years, FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) started observation a vegetation around Korea using SPOT data. It is possible to analyze to go back more than ten years when come being able to analyze vegetation using NOAA AVHRR images in this study. And so, this study observated the transition of NDVI(2) in Korea and considered to relation of meteorologial phenomena and transition of NDVI. II. GEOMETRIC CORRECTION The NOAA AVHRR images is not good accuracy of loca- tion of observation. The analyze for long term using NOAA AVHRR images is need to geometric correction. We developed fast and high accuracy geometric correction method with NOAA AVHRR. The geometric Correction has two approach, correction of satellite position and correction of image position. The first approach is need mightly calculation time. This study only need correct data around Korea. Moreover, it use mightly number of data about ten years or more. For that purpose, we selected the second approach.
Respuesta del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) a la inoculación en la Provincia de Córdoba

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nodulation and yield in relation Co groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed inoculation was evaluated with four strains of Rhizobium spp., the trials were done on a Haplustol éntico soil Manfredi, Province of Córdoba (Argentina) during 1977/78 and 1978/79. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Statistical analysis gave no significative difference between treatment and between exper'ments (years) . The nodulation and yield were similar with or without artificial inoculation.
Pengaruh Status Gizi terhadap Jangka Reproduksi Perempuan pada Tiga Kecamatan di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The maturity of women's reproductive organs can be characterized by the onset of the first menstruation, known as menarche, while the concluding phase is referred to as menopause. The time frame spanning from menarche to menopause is known as the reproductive period. One crucial factor influencing the reproductive period is nutritional status. Optimal body fat reserves tend to extend the reproductive period, whereas inadequate reserves can have the opposite effect. Notably, women residing in urban areas often experience a more extended reproductive period compared to their rural counterparts. The aim of this study was to assess the reproductive period of women in three sub-districts in South Lampung and to analyze the potential impact of nutritional status on the individual reproductive period. The study was conducted between January and April 2023 in the sub-districts of Jati Agung, Natar, and Kalianda. Data was gathered from a total of 57 respondents through interviews and physical measurements. Nevertheless, only 18 respondents met the criteria and were further analyzed. Nutritional status was evaluated using the body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF). The findings revealed that the average reproductive period for women in the three South Lampung sub-districts was 37.06 years. The average age for menarche was 14.22 years, while the average age for menopause was 51.28 years. However, the study did not find a significant correlation between nutritional status and the reproductive period of women in the three examined sub-districts of South Lampung.
INTENSIVE STEPWISE METHOD FOR ORAL INTAKE USING A COMBINATION OF TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL STIMULATION AND OLFACTORY STIMULATION INHIBITS THE INCIDENCE OF PNEUMONIA IN DYSPHAGIC OLDER ADULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

herd effect of PCV7 would be similar in nonbacteremic cases and IPD, the results of the current study suggest a possible combined effect of PPV23 (direct) and PCV7 (indirect) against NBPCAP in older adults.Further studies are needed to elucidate the direct and indirect benefits of pneumococcal vaccinations against NBPCAP in older adults.
Structural Health Monitoring of Infrastructures Using Sensors as Smart Materials– Review and Perspective

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Smart materials with sensors can monitor the structure's performance under external loading circumstances. They may also monitor internal deformations or damages caused by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, etc. As a result, the sensors are linked to structural health monitoring to create automated systems for structural monitoring, inspection, and damage identification. The formulation of this review article was prompted by a growing interest in structural health monitoring and the need to ensure structure safety to detect problems early and avert collapse. The structure, measurement methods, and potential of sensors such as fiber optic, piezoelectric, corrosion, ceramic, and self-sensing cement composite utilized in the health monitoring of concrete structures are discussed in this review paper. This review also includes a brief and comparative analysis of various sensors, as well as the optimal number and location of sensors. The study exposed that choosing a suitable sensor is critical for accurate sensing and long-term structure monitoring. The sensor can detect physical (stress, strain) and chemical (corrosion) variables that affect the structure's endurance. Despite significant advances in damage monitoring approaches utilizing sensors, the study suggests that efficient sensor deployment remains problematic. The review revealed that the type of parameter to be monitored (stress, strain, humidity, etc.) and the structural and climatic conditions in which the sensor will be used determine the sensor's selection. As a result, a self-sensing cement composite based on carbon nanofiber (CNF) has been developed, which has good durability and compatibility with concrete structures. However, increasing the amount of CNF lowers the composite's compressive and flexural strength due to particle agglomeration. As a result, the review covers several sensors used in structural health monitoring with their measurements, applications, benefits, and limitations.
A computational study on the energy efficiency of species production by pulsed streamer discharges in air

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the data used to generate the results presented in the article "A computational study on the energy efficiency of species production by pulsed streamer discharges in air". This dataset includes (1) the source code; (2) transport data files, which contain a list of included reactions, with transport coefficients and their reaction rate coefficients; (3) configuration files for running the simulations and (4) output log files, which contain information about the physics and numerical properties of the simulations.